ABCs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ABCs`
Description	The ''ABCs'' are the most fundamental ''Basics'' of a topic, the ones that are learned in the first weeks or months of studying a complex topic, and needed for further advancement. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ABCs' in WordNet: 1. rudiment, first rudiment, first principle, alphabet, ABC, ABC's, ABCs - (the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); 'he mastered only the rudiments of geometry')`
Super-classes	Basics^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Essential^c

ACouple^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ACouple

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ACouple`
Description	''ACouple'' is a ''SmallAmount'' of at least 2 items, but is a phrase used to mean a small number, perhaps smaller than 'a few' This is (almost?) always used preceded by 'a' - 'a couple' and most oftem 'a couple of', serving as verbal quantifiers. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'couple' in WordNet: 1. (242) couple - (a small indefinite number; 'he's coming for a couple of days')`
Super-classes	SmallAmount^c

''ACouple'' is a ''SmallAmount'' of at least 2 items, but is a phrase used to mean a small number, perhaps smaller than 'a few' This is (almost?) always used preceded by 'a' - 'a couple' and most oftem 'a couple of', serving as verbal quantifiers.

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'couple' in WordNet:
          1. (242) couple - (a small indefinite number; 'he's coming for a couple of days')

Super-classes SmallAmount^c

AIDS^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AIDS`
Description	''AIDS'' (acronym for 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome') is an ''Immunodeficiency''acquired due to infection with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'AIDS' in WordNet: 1. AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome - (a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles)`
Super-classes	Immunodeficiency^c ViralInfection^c
Restrictions	isCausedByPathogen^op value HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus^c

ALittleWhile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ALittleWhile

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ALittleWhile`
Description	Each 'ALittleWhile' is some TimeInterval that seems to be not very long for the person using this notion; the actual time varies considerably from a few seconds to a few weeks, but should not be more than a Month. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'while' in WordNet: 1. (23) while, piece, spell, patch - (a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition; 'he was here for a little while'; 'I need to rest for a piece'; 'a spell of good weather'; 'a patch of bad weather')`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c

Each 'ALittleWhile' is some TimeInterval that seems to be not very long for the person using this notion; the actual time varies considerably from a few seconds to a few weeks, but should not be more than a Month.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'while' in WordNet:
     1. (23) while, piece, spell, patch - (a period of indeterminate length 
     (usually short) marked by some action or condition;
     'he was here for a little while'; 'I need to rest for a piece'; 
     'a spell of good weather'; 'a patch of bad weather')

Super-classes MeasurableTimeInterval^c
TimeInterval^c

ATMMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ATMMachine`
Description	An ''ATMMachine'' is a machine that provides a mechanism for a Person with the appropriate ''CreditCard'' or ''BankAccount'' to request and receive (if eligible) a limited sum of money in ''CurrencyBill''(s). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ATM' in WordNet: 3. cash machine, cash dispenser, automated teller machine, automatic teller machine, automated teller, automatic teller, ATM - (an unattended machine (outside some banks) that dispenses money when a personal coded card is used)`
Super-classes	StorageEntity^c ElectronicDevice^c PoweredDevice^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Automated^c isaSourceOf^op value CurrencyBill^c requiresResource^op value FinancialAccount^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value BankBuilding^c

Aah^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aah

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aah`
Description	''Aah'' and ''ooh' are suddenly emitted word used to express esthetic delight when viewing something pleasing (such as fireworks). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aah' in WordNet: 1. ooh, aah - (express admiration and pleasure by uttering 'ooh' or 'aah'; 'They oohed and aahed when they unwrapped the presents')`
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

''Aah'' and ''ooh' are suddenly emitted word used to express esthetic delight when viewing something pleasing (such as fireworks).

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aah' in WordNet:
   1. ooh, aah - (express admiration and pleasure by uttering 'ooh' or 'aah';
     'They oohed and aahed when they unwrapped the presents')

Super-classes Exclamation^c

Aback^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aback`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'aback' in WordNet: 2. aback - (by surprise; 'taken aback by the caustic remarks')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Abandoned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abandoned

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abandoned`
Description	COSMO note: in CYC attributes are represented by things that have that attribute, so the CYC documentation talks about physical objects that are 'abandoned'. However, In COSMO, this is an attribute of something that was the object of an ''Abandoning'' action (including places), not the object abandoned itself; for that, use ''AbandonedObject''. `CYC This instance of #$ConstructionArtifactTypeByExistentialStatus describes instances of #$ConstructionArtifact that are no longer maintained, i.e., no maintenance operations are conducted to preserve their operability. For small items discarded, use 'Discarded'. past participle of 'abandon'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abandoned' in WordNet: 1. (1) abandoned, derelict - (forsaken by owner or keeper ; 'weed-grown yard of an abandoned farmhouse')`
Super-classes	Relinquished^c

COSMO note: in CYC attributes are represented by things that have that attribute, so the CYC documentation talks about physical objects that are 'abandoned'. However, In COSMO, this is an attribute of something that was the object of an ''Abandoning'' action (including places), not the object abandoned itself; for that, use ''AbandonedObject''.

       CYC This instance of
        #$ConstructionArtifactTypeByExistentialStatus describes
        instances of #$ConstructionArtifact that are no longer
        maintained, i.e., no  maintenance operations are conducted
        to preserve their operability.   For small items discarded, use 'Discarded'.

        past participle of 'abandon'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abandoned' in WordNet:
          1. (1) abandoned, derelict - (forsaken by owner or keeper ;
              'weed-grown yard of an abandoned farmhouse')

Super-classes Relinquished^c

AbandonedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbandonedObject`
Description	Any structure that has been abandoned - the owner(s) no longer uses it and has left it unguarded and exposed to use by others. This often suggests that deterioration has already set in.
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abandoned^c
Sub-classes	Foundling^c Discard^c

AbandonedPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbandonedPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abandoned person' in WordNet: 1. abandoned person - (someone for whom hope has been abandoned)`
Super-classes	UnfortunatePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Missing^c
Sub-classes	Castaway^c

AbandonedShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbandonedShip`
Description	An ''AbandonedShip'' is a ''Ship'' that has been abandoned (left with no one to care for it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abandoned ship' in WordNet: 1. abandoned ship, derelict - (a ship abandoned on the high seas)
Super-classes	Ship^c

Abandoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abandoning`
Description	''Abandon'' is an intentional 'Relinquishing' where the Object lost control of acquires the attribute ''Abandoned''. NOTE that this can be applied to non-human animals who intentionally abandon things such as nests. NOTE in WN 'forfeiting' is a subtype of 'abandoning' but in both WN and COSMO a 'forfeiting' can be unintentional, as for committing a crime or being unintentionaly late for an appointment or contest. the object of this action, after the action, has the property 'Abandoned'. Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'abandon' and part of sense 1 of 'leave behind' (a permanent leaving behind) and part of sense 2 of 'vacate' (vacate an owned property with no intention of reclaming it)in WordNet: 1. (10) abandon - (forsake, leave behind; 'We abandoned the old car in the empty parking lot') 3. (6) abandon, give up - (give up with the intent of never claiming again; 'Abandon your life to God'; 'She gave up her children to her ex-husband when she moved to Tahiti'; 'We gave the drowning victim up for dead') 4. (6) vacate, empty, abandon - (leave behind empty; move out of; 'You must vacate your office by tonight') WN verb 'leave behind': 1. (5) leave behind - (depart and not take along; 'He left behind all his possessions when he moved to Europe') WN noun 'abandonment': 1. (3) abandonment, forsaking, desertion - (the act of giving something up)
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c LeavingSomethingBehind^c Relinquishing^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Abandoned^c

Abashed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abashed`
Description	''Abashed'' is the attribute of a Person who experienced an ''EmbarrassingSomeone'' Event, `@ToDo: This is a mild form of being embarrassed, on a continuous scale from 'discomfited' (made to feel uncomfortable) to 'humiliated' and Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'embarrassed' in WordNet: 1. (1) abashed, chagrined, embarrassed - (feeling or caused to feel uneasy and self-conscious; 'felt abashed at the extravagant praise'; 'chagrined at the poor sales of his book'; 'was embarrassed by her child's tantrums')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c Bad^c
Sub-classes	Embarrassed^c

AbatingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbatingAction`
Description	An ''AbatingAction'' is an Event in which some Event decreases gradually in intensity, approaching a point where is no longer occurring. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'abate' in WordNet: 2. abate, let up, slack off, slack, die away - (become less in amount or intensity; 'The storm abated'; 'The rain let up after a few hours')`
Super-classes	DiminishingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Event^c

Abbey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abbey`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abbey' in WordNet: 1. (1) abbey - (a church associated with a monastery or convent)`
Super-classes	ChurchBuilding^c HouseOfPrayer^c

Abbreviated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abbreviated

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abbreviated`
Description	The Object having this attribute has been the Object of a ''Shortening'' Action. This type is used in more restricted situations than ''Shortened''. `Includes but is broader than WordNet adjective sense 1 of 'abbreviated', which seems to include only time abbreviations. This includes words, texts generally (e.g. 'Inc.' or 'cul8r' in texting). Corresponds to adject sense 2 of 'abbreviated' in WordNet: 2. abbreviated, shortened, truncated - (cut short in duration; 'the abbreviated speech'; 'her shortened life was clearly the result of smoking'; 'an unsatisfactory truncated conversation')`
Super-classes	ShortDuration^c Shortened^c

The Object having this attribute has been the Object of a ''Shortening'' Action. This type is used in more restricted situations than ''Shortened''.

         Includes but is broader than WordNet adjective sense 1 of 'abbreviated',
           which seems to include only time abbreviations.  This includes
           words, texts generally (e.g. 'Inc.' or 'cul8r' in texting).

         Corresponds to adject sense 2 of 'abbreviated' in WordNet:
           2. abbreviated, shortened, truncated - (cut short in duration; 
              'the abbreviated speech'; 'her shortened life was clearly the result of smoking'; 
               'an unsatisfactory truncated conversation')

Super-classes ShortDuration^c
Shortened^c

Abbreviating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abbreviating`
Description	''Abbreviating'' is a ''Simplifying'' of the spelling of a word,,making it shorter. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abbreviate' in WordNet: 1. (3) abbreviate - (shorten; " Abbreviate 'New York' and write 'NY'")`
Super-classes	Action^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value Length^c produces^op value Abbreviation^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Abbreviated^c hadObjectModified^op value WordString^c

Abbreviation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abbreviation`
Description	A Word which is a shortened lexical form of another word, such as 'Dr.' for 'Doctor' or 'Mr.' for 'Mister'. An abbreviation should have a period at the end, but the period is sometimes omitted, such as in 'Jan 20' for January 20th. ''Acronyms'' that use the initial letters of several words are a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abbreviation' in WordNet: 1. abbreviation - (a shortened form of a word or phrase)`
Super-classes	Word^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abbreviated^c
Sub-classes	Initials^c Acronym^c

Abdication^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abdication

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abdication`
Description	''Abdication''is the voluntary act of either formally leaving a position that has rights or responsibilities, or effectively 'leaving' the position by failng to exercise authority or perform responsibilties. This can be abdicating some position of authority (e.g. a Kingship) or abdicating a responsibility. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abdicate' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'abdication; in WordNet: 1. abdicate, renounce - (give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations; 'The King abdicated when he married a divorcee') WN noun ;abdication': 1. abdication, stepping down - (a formal resignation and renunciation of powers) 2. abdication, stepping down - (the act of abdicating)
Super-classes	Resigning^c

''Abdication''is the voluntary act of either formally leaving a position that has rights or responsibilities, or effectively 'leaving' the position by failng to exercise authority or perform responsibilties.

       This can be abdicating some position of authority (e.g. a Kingship)
        or abdicating a responsibility.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abdicate' and
        noun senses 1 and 2 of 'abdication; in WordNet:
         1. abdicate, renounce - (give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, 
           or duties and obligations; 'The King abdicated when he married a divorcee')
       WN noun ;abdication':
         1. abdication, stepping down - (a formal resignation and renunciation of powers)
        2. abdication, stepping down - (the act of abdicating)

Super-classes Resigning^c

Abdominal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abdominal

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abdominal`
Description	''Abdominal'' is an attribute pertaining to the 'abdomen' (represented as ''Belly'' in COSMO). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abdominal' in Wordnet: 1. (3) abdominal - (of or relating to or near the abdomen; "abdominal muscles")`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

''Abdominal'' is an attribute pertaining to the 'abdomen' (represented as ''Belly'' in COSMO).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abdominal' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) abdominal - (of or relating to or near the abdomen; "abdominal muscles")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AbdominalSurgeon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbdominalSurgeon`
Description	An abdominal surgeon is a doctor who specializes in performing surgical procedures on the abdomen.
Super-classes	Surgeon^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AbdominalSurgery^c

AbdominalSurgery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbdominalSurgery`
Description	''AbdominalSurgery'' is Surgery at some part of the abdomen (''Belly'').
Super-classes	Surgery^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Belly^c

Abduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abduction`
Description	This ''Abduction'' is a ''Kidnapping'' of a Person that includes carrying away. `Includes but is broader (not just for family members) than noun sense 1 of 'abduction' in WordNet: 1. abduction - (the criminal act of capturing and carrying away by force a family member; if a man's wife is abducted it is a crime against the family relationship and against the wife)`
Super-classes	Kidnapping^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Person^c

AbductorMuscle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbductorMuscle

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbductorMuscle`
Description	There are several specific ''AbductorMuscle''s. THe informal plural form of the term is 'abs'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abductor muscle' in WordNet: 1. abductor, abductor muscle - (a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line)`
Super-classes	StriatedMuscle^c SkeletalMuscle^c

There are several specific ''AbductorMuscle''s. THe informal plural form of the term is 'abs'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abductor muscle' in WordNet:
          1. abductor, abductor muscle - (a muscle that draws a body 
               part away from the median line)

Super-classes StriatedMuscle^c
SkeletalMuscle^c

Aberration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aberration`
Description	An ''Aberration'' is ''Rare'' ''AbnormalCondition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abberation' in WordNet: 1. (1) aberrance, aberrancy, aberration, deviance - (a state or condition markedly different from the norm)`
Super-classes	AbnormalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rare^c

AbettingaCrime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbettingaCrime`
Description	''AbettingaCrime'' is a ''CooperationEvent'' where one Person helps another to commit a crime, thereby making both of those people guilty of the crime, and rendering them criminals. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abet' in WordNet: 1. (3) abet - (assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing)`
Super-classes	Crime^c CooperationEvent^c HelpingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some Criminal^c isPerformedBy^op value Henchman^c isPerformedBy^op value Criminal^c

Abeyance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abeyance`
Description	An ''Abeyance'' is a ''Pause'' dring which some ongoing actvity is discontinued and resumption depends on some change in the situation, and the party controlling the ''Abeyance'' waits for a change that will determine when and if the activity will be resumed. This differs from a ''Pause'' that has a fixed tie limit like a ''Recess''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abeyance' in WordNet: 1. abeyance, suspension - (temporary cessation or suspension)`
Super-classes	Pause^c PurposefulInaction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Waiting^c
Sub-classes	Moratorium^c

Abhorrence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abhorrence`
Description	Extreme repugnance felt towards a person or thing, typically resulting in strenuous efforts to avoid it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abhorrence' and sense 1 of 'loathing' in WordNet: 1. abhorrence, abomination, detestation, execration, loathing, odium - (hate coupled with disgust)`
Super-classes	Hatred^c Revulsion^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Abhorring^c

Abhorring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abhorring`
Description	''Abhorring'' is an intense ''HatingEvent'' that causes a Feeling of ''Abhorrence'' when the abhorred thing is encountered. NOTE: This Action type (similar to a ''HatingEvent'') is only subtly different from the Feeling of ''Abhorrence'': ''Abhorring'' is a Persistent state in which a Person has a very strong dislike for something, but that dislike does not usually cause any changes to behavior until the hated thing is encountered or otherwise brought to the attention, at which point a Feeling of ''Abhorrence'' can arise. To ''Abhor'' something is to experience ''Abhorrence'' when the abhorred thing is encountered.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abhor' in WordNet: 1. (1) abhor, loathe, abominate, execrate - (find repugnant; 'I loathe that man'; 'She abhors cats')
Super-classes	HatingEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Abhorrence^c

Ability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ability`
Description	Having an 'Ability' is being able to perform a certain kind of Action. In COSMO, many attributes considered as ''Ability''s are represented under ''Capability''. For Attributes that are abilities, the representation in COSMO uses the term 'Ability' to refer to the AttributeType, and 'Capability' to refer to the AttributeValue. This is somewhat arbitrary, as these distinctions are not clearly reflected in linguistic usage. This is commonly used for people, but is also applicable to the capabilities of machines,animals, or anything that can act as an agent in an Action. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'ability' and sense 1 of 'capability' in WordNet: 1. (20) ability - - (the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment) 2. (9) ability, power - - (possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; 'danger heightened his powers of discrimination') WN 'capability': 1. (8) capability, capableness - (the quality of being capable - physically or intellectually or legally; 'he worked to the limits of his capability')
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Combustibility^c

AbilityToCauseDamage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToCauseDamage`
Description	The ability to cause damage to some object, not specific as to the level of damage. This is a very broad attribute of dangerous things.
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c

AbilityToChoose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToChoose`
Description	Each 'AbilityToChoose' is the ability to choose something (Object, Action) from among a Group of possible choices of Actions (which could be as small as a single Action).. Each instance of AbilityToChoose should list the possible actions included in that Ability. This is represented in COSMO as an AttributeValue of an Agent; to say that '?P has the 'AbilityToChoose' ?A is represented as ?P having an instance of AbilityToChoose, and that instance pointing to an Option (a Group of Action(s)) that can be chosen It is not necessary for ?P to have the Right to do the Action, but only the physical possiblity. `A subtype of this Capability is 'Volition' or the notion that an Agent's own internal processes determine which among possible Options that Agent will choose. See 'Volition' for more detail.`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Options^c
Sub-classes	Volition^c

AbilityToCool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToCool`
Description	AbilityToCool is the DesignFunction performed by CoolingDevices such as refrigerators and AirConditioners.
Super-classes	DesignFunction^c

AbilityToDance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToDance`
Description	The ability to perform a 'Dancing' Event. This Capbility has many variations and degrees of expertise.
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Dancing^c
Sub-classes	AbilityToDanceTheWaltz^c

AbilityToDanceTheWaltz^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToDanceTheWaltz`
Description	The ability to perform a DancingEvent in the manner of a Waltz. There are variations of the Waltz and different degrees of expertise..
Super-classes	AbilityToDance^c

AbilityToDissolveSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToDissolveSubstance`
Description	This is the capability of a LiquidSubstance (i.e. liquid at some temperature, not necessarily room temperature) to dissolve another substance, up to some solubility limit. An Action that is a 'dissolving' event may be represented by 'DissolvingaSubstance'. This type has restrictions such that each instance of 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance' will have a pointer to some instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance', which has pointer to the substance(s) that can be dissolved, and also a (redundant) back-pointer via 'isaCapabilityOf'to the solvent that has that capability. The limit of solubility, and the temperature at which that limit applies are not directly referenced by this type, but can be found as a property of the substance that can be dissolved (the solute) . A solvent may have many individual such capabilities (water has an unlimited number), and those represented will be whatever is of interest or has been tested; the ability to dissolve classes of substances can also be represented by pointing to some class of substances in the instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance'. This type can be used to represent solubility data such as that provided by chemical handbooks or substance data sheets. This capability may be represented linguistically by the phrases 'solvent power' or 'dissolves' or 'can dissolve'. Each instance of this type will point to some one or more instances of 'DissolvingaSubstance'; to describe an ability to dissolve some class of substances, that instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance' may point to that class of substances. The cluster of concepts relating to solubility are related in the following fashion: (1) Solvent substances have some 'Capability' 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance' (2) Each instance of 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance' points via the relation 'isAbilityToPerformActionType' to some instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance'; (3) each such instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance' points via the relation 'hasSolubleSubstance' to the substance(s) or class of substances that can be dissolved. (3) The limit of solubility of some substance in some solvent is represented by a property of the soluble substance itself ( the solute): use 'hasSolubilityLimit'. NOTE that here we are using 'dissolve' to include causing substances to go into solution by reacting with them, as an acid may do to a metal. Substypes of this type that distinguish reactive from non-reactive dissolving are not yet (rev953) included. The restrictions relate this to the substance that can do the dissolving (the solvent) and also to an instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance' that specifies what substance can be dissolved, to what limit of solubility, at which temperature. The substance doing the dissolving (the solvent) and the substance that can be dissolved by that solvent are both referenced directly by the relations 'isaCapabilityOf' and 'hasSolubleSubstance' respectively. Instances of this type must also refer to an instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance', which (redundantly) also references the solvent and solute in that Action. But to learn the degree to which a particular solvent can dissolve a particular solute (its 'solvent power' for that solute, it is necessary to find that solute's solubility using the 'hasSolubilityLimit' relation on that solute. It may be useful to have a relation on this type to specify what substances are 'soluble' (often meaning at least 3 grams per 100 ml of solvent);; in an FOL version the calculations can be done and cross-references can be automatically added on entry of solubility data. But this should be considered carefully,as many solvents can dissolve many substances.
Super-classes	Capability^c
Restrictions	isaCapabilityOf^op some SubstanceType^c isAbilityToPerformActionType^op some DissolvingaSubstance^c

AbilityToDoArithmetic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToDoArithmetic

Description

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToDoArithmetic`
Description	The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide numbers. This covers the full range of arithmetic ability from simple addition to root extraction. `See AddingEvent, DoingAddition.`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c

The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide numbers. This covers the full range of arithmetic ability from simple addition to root extraction.

      See AddingEvent, DoingAddition.

Super-classes AgentCapability^c

AbilityToInfluencePeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToInfluencePeople`
Description	Each 'AbilityToInfluencePeople' is the ability possessed by a Person who is 'Influential', i.e. the ability to affect the beliefs or attitudes of other people. `THe more specific subtype 'Influential' is an ability to pursuade. @ToDo: how does this relate to 'Influential'?. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'influence' in WordNet: 1. (27) influence - (a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc; 'used her parents' influence to get the job')`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value InfluencingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Clout^c SocialPower^c

AbilityToLipread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToLipread`
Description	The ''AbilityToLipread'' is a ''Skill'' that allows a Person to understand what another Person is saying by carefully observing the motion of the lips of the Person speaking. This is a skill mostly achieved by deaf people.
Super-classes	Skill^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Lipreading^c

AbilityToPerceive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToPerceive`
Description	Each 'AbilityToPerceive' is the ability possessed by a ''IntentionalAgent'' who can sense things in its environment and react to them. This includes as subtypes the traditional five senses, but is a more general concept that can include other forms of perception.
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Perceiving^c
Sub-classes	SensoryAbility^c

AbilityToPerformMagic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToPerformMagic`
Description	The 'AbilityToPerformMagic' is the ability to perform some action that violates the laws of physics - this is not the 'magic' that is performed by an illusionist, but an action that violates physics; it may or may not be called a 'miracle'. Also called 'supernatural powers' - often held by fictional superheroes, though in the fiction it is often considered natural rather than supernatural. This ability is usually associated with a SupernaturalBeing, but COSMO does not restrict this ability to SupernaturalBeings; it is not (as of v763) denied in COSMO that a natural person may perform such actions, but the relation on 'MagicAction' specifies that the action itself is performed by a SupernaturalBeing.
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value MagicAction^c
Sub-classes	PsychicAbility^c

AbilityToRemember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToRemember`
Description	An 'AbilityToRemember' may be possesed by various types of agents, not only intelligent ones - even plants and bacteria can have rudimentary abilities to remember some things. This is probably too broad to be useful in specific applications, and may need subtypes, e.g. the size of a computer's memory (this is an intensive attribute, so can vary in intensity). `This type includes but is not limited to noun senses 2 and 3 of 'memory' in Wordnet: 3. (9) memory, retention, retentiveness, retentivity - (the power of retaining and recalling past experience; 'he had a good memory when he was younger')`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Sub-classes	ShortTermMemory^c LongTermMemory^c

AbilityToSpeakEnglish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToSpeakEnglish`
Description	''AbilityToSpeakaLanguage'' is ability to converse in some human language with other speakers of the same laguage. This is not necessarily full fluency.
Super-classes	AbilityToSpeakaLanguage^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value SpeakingFluently^c

AbilityToSpeakaLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToSpeakaLanguage`
Description	''AbilityToSpeakaLanguage'' is ability to converse in some human language with other speakers of the same laguage. This is not necessarily full fluency.
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value SpeakingFluently^c
Sub-classes	AbilityToSpeakEnglish^c

AbilityToSwim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbilityToSwim`
Description	Each 'AbilityToSwim' is the ability possessed by an Animal who can maintain itself on the surface of water. without sinking.
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Swimming^c

Ablation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ablation`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO this is more general than in Cyc, and includes ablation Events which are not intentional, such as those that occur naturally, or as the result of usage (as in wearing out clothing), and the 'ablation' that occurs during entry of an object from space into the atmosphere. For intention acts of ablation, use the subtype 'AbradingSomething'. Also includes the specialized sense of eroding parts of a surface by the action of particles or wind passing over an object (somewhat similar to 'corrade'): see RHW sense 3; Aerospace. erosion of the protective outer surface (ablator) of a spacecraft or missile due to the aerodynamic heating caused by travel at hypersonic speed during reentry through the atmosphere. Cyc: A collection of events. In an #$Ablation, a (usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from the surface of an object. Includes verb sense 1 of 'ablate', noun senses 1 and 2 of 'abrade' and noun senses 2 and 3 of 'abrasion' and noun sense 2 of 'ablation' in WordNet: 1. abrade, corrade, abrase, rub down, rub off - (wear away) WN 'ablate' 1. ablate - (wear away through erosion or vaporization) WN noun 'ablation': 2. ablation - (the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers)
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c Separation-Complete^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SurfaceOfaSolidObject^c
Sub-classes	AbradingSomething^c

Able^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Able`
Description	WN adjective 'able': in WordNet: 1. (70) able - ((usually followed by 'to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something; 'able to swim'; 'she was able to program her computer'; 'we were at last able to buy a car'; 'able to get a grant for the project') 2. (7) able, capable - (have the skills and qualifications to do things well; 'able teachers'; 'a capable administrator'; 'children as young as 14 can be extremely capable and dependable') 3. (4) able - (having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity; 'able to learn'; 'human beings are able to walk on two feet'; 'Superman is able to leap tall buildings')
Super-classes	Positive^c
Sub-classes	Viable^c Competent^c

AbleBodiedSeaman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbleBodiedSeaman`
Description	CYC: Crew members who work on the deck. NOTE: this CYC term is interpreted as Male ''DeckHand''s of a Navy ship crew.
Super-classes	Man^c DeckHand^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value ShipsDeck^c

AbleToSpeakaLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbleToSpeakaLanguage`
Description	''AbleToSpeakaLanguage'' is the attribute of someone who has some degree of conversing ability in some human language. This is not necessarily full fluency close to that of a native speaker, but is sufficient for most everyday interactions with other speakers. Full fluency would be a subtype.
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c
Sub-classes	English-speaking^c

Ableism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ableism`
Description	''Ableism' is a form of ''Discrimination'' against people with a physical disability. NOTE that the relation ''isDirectedToward'' points to the typeof Personagainst whom the discrimination is performed; by inference those not in this category are more favorably treated or viewed. NOTE that the ''isDirectedToward'' references ''HandicappedPerson''s generally; if this type of Discrimination is directed toward some specific disability then a different subtype needs to be created. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ableism' in WordNet: 1. ableism, ablism, able-bodiedism, able-bodism - (discrimination in favor of the able-bodied)`
Super-classes	Discrimination^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op value HandicappedPerson^c

Abnormal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abnormal`
Description	Abnormal is a property that can be assigned to something that is not just unusual, but unusual in a negative way. For the sense of 'highly unusual' without the implication of being bad, use 'Unusual'. For unusual and suprisingly so, use 'strange'. For Events,being ''Abnormal'' wouldimply being ''Infrequent'' but abnormal traits of objects can persist throughout the life of the object. Includes adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'abnormal' in WordNet, but no WordNet sense specifically specifies the 'bad' meaning of 'abnormal' in this sense. in WordNet: 1. (1) abnormal - (not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm; 'abnormal powers of concentration'; 'abnormal amounts of rain'; 'abnormal circumstances'; 'an abnormal interest in food') 2. abnormal - (departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development; 'they were heartbroken when they learned their child was abnormal'; 'an abnormal personality')
Super-classes	Bad^c Unusual^c
Sub-classes	Astride^c Sick^c Pregnant^c Interested^c Injured^c Inflamed^c Dysfunctional^c

AbnormalAnatomicalStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbnormalAnatomicalStructure`
Description	Any AnatomicalStructure which is not normally found in the Organism of which it is a part, i.e. it is the result of a PathologicProcess. This class covers tumors, birth marks, goiters, scars, etc.
Super-classes	BodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Tumor^c Scar^c

AbnormalBodyCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbnormalBodyCondition`
Description	An ''AbnormalBodyCondition'' is an ''AbnormalCondition'' that affects the body of an Organism negatively, and therefore is classified as an ''AilmentCondition'' but is not necessarily an Injury or Disease. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'abnormal condition' in WordNet: 1. abnormality, abnormalcy, abnormal condition - (an abnormal condition)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c DysfunctionalCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Dysfunctional^c
Sub-classes	CrossEyed^c Wheezing^c

AbnormalCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbnormalCondition`
Description	An ''AbnormalCondition'' is a SystemCondition which is not normal (i.e. unusual, not expected fo that type of system) for the system in which it is observed. It is worse than the usual condition (i.e. undesirable), not just different - but it is not necessarily a malfunction. Chipped paint on some object would be an AbnormalCondition, and a Disease would also be. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abnormal condition' in WordNet: 1. abnormality, abnormalcy, abnormal condition - (an abnormal condition)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c SystemCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Abnormal^c
Sub-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c Anomaly^c Aberration^c UpsetCondition^c DysfunctionalCondition^c

AbnormalOrganism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbnormalOrganism

Description

An AbnormalOrganism is an Organism in which some typical feature of the adult form is either imperfectly developed (as by a developmental problem), or had developed and was altered to a less functional form. An immature form in which the normal functions are not yet developed . are not instances of this category, but of 'ImmatureOrganism'.

   NOTE carefully that in COSMO the category 'Organism' is intended to 
   represent typical adults forms of an organism. Therefore we can make certain
   necessary assertions about an 'Organism' without being concerned about exceptions.
   When exceptional circumstances are encountered, one should use the
   category 'ImmatureOrganism' or 'AbnormalOrganism'.  Rather than
   reify such categories for each organism type, they can be generated
   by use of functions on the typical organism Type.  If functions are
   not available in some implementation, reification may be necessary.

Super-classes Organism^c

Aboard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aboard

Description

''Aboard'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the hypothesized situation or Object occurs or is located on a ship or plane or train.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'aboard' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) aboard, onboard - (on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle)

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Abolished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abolished`
Description	''Abolished'' is the attribute of an Organization, practice, or rule, that had been extalshed by some HumanActivity and has been discontinued. abolished
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Abolishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abolishing`
Description	''Abolishing'' is a ''PrematureTermination'' of some practice that was accepted or mandated by law, but became unwanted. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abolish' in WordNet: 1. (9) abolish, get rid of - (do away with; 'Slavery was abolished in the mid-19th century in America and in Russia') WN noun 'abolition': 1. (1) abolition, abolishment - (the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery); 'the abolition of capital punishment')`
Super-classes	Action^c PrematureTermination^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op some ActionType^c

Abominable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abominable`
Description	''Abominable'' is an attribute value of something (object or Event) that causes negative emotions in one who perceives it. Even more intense is the subtype ''Horrible'' that can cause disgust or fright. `This corresponds approximately to sense 2 of 'abominable and sense 2 'terrible' in WordNet. WN 'abominable' in WordNet: 2. atrocious, abominable, awful, dreadful, painful, terrible, unspeakable - (exceptionally bad or displeasing; 'atrocious taste'; 'abominable workmanship'; 'an awful voice'; 'dreadful manners'; 'a painful performance'; 'terrible handwriting'; 'an unspeakable odor came sweeping into the room')`
Super-classes	Terrible^c VeryBad^c
Sub-classes	Heinous^c Horrible^c Outrageous^c

Aboriginal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aboriginal

Description

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'aboriginal' in Wordnet:
       1. Aboriginal - (of or pertaining to members of the indigenous people
           of Australia; 'an Aboriginal rite')
       2. native, aboriginal - (characteristic of or relating to people 
             inhabiting a region from the beginning; 'native Americans'; 
             'the aboriginal peoples of Australia')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Aborigine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aborigine`
Description	An 'Aborigine'' is a Person who is descended from the native peoples of Australia., living there before the Europeas arrived. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Aborigine' in WordNet: 2. Aborigine, Abo, Aboriginal, native Australian, Australian Aborigine - (a dark-skinned member of a race of people living in Australia when Europeans arrived)`
Super-classes	Australian^c Autochthon^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Australia^c

AbortingaAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbortingaAnAction`
Description	''AbortingaAnAction'' is an intentional ''PrematureTermination'' of some Action before it achieves its goal, usually due to some undesirable Event that makes continuing undesirable for some reason. NOTE: when a double-blind medical test of the efficacy of some ''DrugSubstance'' is terminated because the results partway show that the drug is so efficacious that continung to give the controls a placebo rather than the active drug would be unethical, the intervening Event is not 'undesirable', but very desirable. So the intervening Event causing the 'abort' may be a good thing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'abort' in WordNet: 1. abort - (terminate before completion; 'abort the mission'; 'abort the process running on my computer') WN noun 'abort': 1. abort - (the act of terminating a project or procedure before it is completed; 'I wasted a year of my life working on an abort'; 'he sent a short message requesting an abort due to extreme winds in the area')
Super-classes	Action^c PrematureTermination^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value UndesirableEvent^c causedTheStoppingOf^op some ActionType^c

Abortion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abortion

Description

An ''Abortion'' is a ''PregnancyTermination'' that is a ''MedicalProcedure'' even if the person doing the procedure is the pregnant woman herself. This distinguishes it from a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). 'abort the three-month old fetus'

      Corresonds to part (for intentional medical abortion) of noun sense 1 of
         'abortion' in WordNet:
           1. (3) abortion - (termination of pregnancy
       WN verb 'abort':
           3. abort - (terminate a pregnancy by undergoing an abortion)

Super-classes MedicalProcedure^c
PregnancyTermination^c
PurposefulAction^c

Abounding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abounding`
Description	To be ''Abounding'' is to have something - physical or abstract in some conspicuously large quantity. This can often be expressed by phrases such as 'full of' or 'replete with' . Subtypes can specify the thing that abounds. `This thing that is had in abundance needs to be pointed to by some preposition such as 'with' 'of' or 'in'. For 'full'related to containers use ''Full'. Similar to RHW adj 'replete' sense 1 RWH 'replete' 1: 'abundantly supplied or provided; filled (usually fol. by with): a speech replete with sentimentality.' No Wordnet sense seems exactly similar, but sense 1 of 'abounding' has some overlap: in WordNet: 1. (1) abounding, galore - (existing in abundance; 'abounding confidence'; 'whiskey galore')`
Super-classes	Abundant^c
Sub-classes	Fatty^c

AboveGroundLevel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AboveGroundLevel`
Description	'AboveGroundLevel' is a subtype of 'Upstairs' specifically designating levels of a building that are above the ground floor level. This may be one or more 'Storey's in a Building. Unlike 'Upstairs' (which can be a region or PhsysicalObject), this level is specifically a PhysicalObject. `Also note that the general 'upstairs' can be relative to a basement, therefore may be on the ground level. This type excludes ground level. This includes adverb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'upstairs' in WordNet: WN adverb 'upstairs': 1. (13) upstairs, up the stairs, on a higher floor - (on a floor above; 'they lived upstairs') WN noun 'Upstairs': 1. upstairs - (the part of a building above the ground floor; 'no one was allowed to see the upstairs')`
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c Upstairs^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyAbove^op some GroundFloor^c

AbradingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbradingSomething`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In an #$AbradingSomething event, the surface of some object, or particles on the surface, is gradually worn away by scraping or similar physical contact involving friction. Devices used in elements of #$AbradingSomething include files and sand paper; elements of #$AbradingSomething would include the event in which Howard Hughes sanded down the Spruce Goose for the last time, the event in which Lucy Ricardo filed her fingernails just before her singing debut at Rickie's club, etc. This is an intentional action, and does not include natural processes of wearing away such as erosion - for natural processes, use 'Ablation'. NOTE that part of verb sense 4 of 'wear' is included here, but only the part that represents 'wearing' through abrasion. For other type of 'wearing out' that do not incvolve abrasion (e.g. of electronic materials, light bulbs', we need a different type, and perhaps a parent of both @ToDo. Includes verb sense 1 of 'abrade' and noun sense 2 and 3 of 'abrasion' and verb sense 4 of 'wear' in WordNet: 1. abrade, corrade, abrase, rub down, rub off - (wear away) WN noun 'abrasion': 2. abrasion, attrition, corrasion, detrition - (erosion by friction) 3. grinding, abrasion, attrition, detrition - (the wearing down of rock particles by friction due to water or wind or ice) WN noun 'attrition': 5. attrition - (the act of rubbing together; wearing something down by friction)
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c Ablation^c Rubbing^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	ScratchingSomething^c Fraying^c PolishingSomething^c ScouringaSurface^c SurgicalIncision^c WearingDownFromUse^c GratingSomething^c BrushingTeeth^c GrindingSomethingDown^c ScrapingSomething^c FilingSomething^c SandingSomething^c

AbradingaSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbradingaSurface`
Description	''AbradingaSurface'' is an Action in which some Agent causes part of the surface of a ''SurfaceOfaSolidObject'' to be removed from that object.
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c CausingaShapeChange^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value SurfaceOfaSolidObject^c
Sub-classes	PolishingSomething^c RemovingaGroundSurface^c

Abrasive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abrasive

Description

The attribute of being so #$Rough in texture that it wears material of something with which there is a #$TranslationAlongASurface.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abrasive' in Wordnet:
          1. abrasive, scratchy - (causing abrasion)

Super-classes Hard^c
Granular^c
Rough^c

AbrasiveMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbrasiveMaterial`
Description	Any granular material that is hard enough and fine enough to be used in an ''AbradingSomething'' Action. See also ''Sndpaper'' for abrasive substance in sheet form. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abrasive material' in WordNet: 1. abrasive, abradant, abrasive material - (a substance that abrades or wears down)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abrasive^c

Abridged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abridged

Description

''Abridged'' is the attribute of an ''Abridgment'', an ''AbstractText'' produced by an ''Abridging'' action.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abridged' in Wordnet:
         1. abridged - ((used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting;
             'an abridged version')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Abridging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abridging`
Description	''Abridging'' is a ''Shortening'' of some Abstract text by removing some parts retaining or restating the most essenstial parts. This is not a ''Compressing'' because some parts are omitted. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'abridge' in WordNet: 2. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce - (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; 'The manuscript must be shortened')`
Super-classes	Shortening^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c Contraction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Abridgment^c hadObjectModified^op value AbstractText^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Abridged^c

Abridgment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abridgment`
Description	An ''Abridgment'' is a 'SummaryText' produced by an ''Abridging'' action. NOTE that a ''SummaryText'' is a ''LinguisticAssertion'', so this does not apply to questions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abridgment' in WordNet: 1. (1) condensation, abridgement, abridgment, capsule - (a shortened version of a written work)`
Super-classes	SummaryText^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abridged^c

Abroad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abroad

Description

''Abroad'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that indicates that the thing or event characterized occurs or is located in a Country other than the country of reference - not necessarily beyond a sea (which should be a subtype).

    Includes adverb senses 1 and  3  of 'abroad' in WordNet:
      1. (8) abroad - (to or in a foreign country; 'they had never travelled abroad')
      3. (1) overseas, beyond the sea, over the sea, abroad - (in a place across an ocean)
   WN adverb 'overseas':
     1. (1) oversea, overseas - (beyond or across the sea; 
             'He lived overseas for many years')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Absence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absence`
Description	Each 'Absence' is a StaticSituation in which some Object or Substance or Event is not located in some Place for some TimeInterval. The thing 'absent' must be specified by relation 'hadMissingThing'. For a relative absence (less than normal level of something) the relation ''hadMissingThing'' can specify the lacking thing If there is partial absence, the subproperty 'isaLowLevelOf' can be used instead. For a complete or almost complete absence the subproperty ''isTheAbsenceOf'' should be used instead. See also the PersistentState subtype 'LackingSomething'. This is intimately related to 'locatedAt', but is an aspect of that relation that is represented by a PersistentState. This allows certain assertions that would be awkward to represent otherwise. To represent the fact that an Object (or activity) is known not to be in a particular location, use 'Absence'. This can also be used to indicate the presence of substances (e.g. toxic waste) at a location. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'absence' in WordNet: 1. (25) absence - - (the state of being absent; 'he was surprised by the absence of any explanation') 2. (8) absence - - (failure to be present)
Super-classes	StaticSituation^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some GenericLocation^c hadMissingThing^op some (Object^c or GenericAgent^c or SubstanceType^c or EventType^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Silence^c Disorder^c Drowsiness^c Refraining^c PeaceOfMind^c BeingAbsent^c Nonattendance^c Dementia^c Vacuum^c Omission^c Peace^c Darkness^c PeacefulRelations^c Lack^c Inattention^c Insolvency^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatNotInUSA20081004

Absent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absent`
Description	'Absent' is a property of an Object or Event or attribute that is ''Nonexistent'' in some particular TimeAndPlace. See, for example, 'Absentee'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absent' in WordNet: 1. (12) absent - (not in a specified place physically or mentally)`
Super-classes	Nonexistent^c
Sub-classes	Lost^c Missing^c

AbsentMinded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbsentMinded

Description

''AbsentMinded'' is a vaguely defined attribute of a Person who does not seems to fully focus on activities going on or on things in the environment, potentially causing forgetulness.

       RHW: so lost in thought that one does not realize what one is doing,
           what is happening, etc.; preoccupied to the extent 
           of being unaware of one's immediate surroundings.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absent-minded' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) absent, absentminded, abstracted, scatty - 
              (lost in thought; showing preoccupation; 'an absent stare'; 
              'an absentminded professor'; 'the scatty glancing quality 
              of a hyperactive but unfocused intelligence')

Super-classes Distracted^c

Absentee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absentee`
Description	An 'Absentee' is the Role of a Person who is absent from some Place (at some interval of time) or from some Event, in cases where the presence of that person was or could be expected. In some senses disjoint with 'attendee'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absentee' in WordNet: 1. absentee - (one that is absent or not in residence)`
Super-classes	ThingAbsent^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value BeingAbsent^c
Sub-classes	Migrant^c Exile^c

Absenteeism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absenteeism`
Description	''Absenteeism'' is a habitual ''BeingAbsent'' - here it can be an absence from Work or School.. NOTE: The restriction sets a minimum number of absences as 3, but that would depend on time interval and circumstances, and the full representation of this can be rather complicated, excluding vacations, sick leave, etc. `Place of absence can be either Work or School so the WN gloss appears more restrictive than the meaning of this type. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'absenteeism' in WordNet: 1. (1) absenteeism - (habitual absence from work)`
Super-classes	BeingAbsent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some (Classroom^c or Workplace^c) hasSubEvent^op value BeingAbsent^c

Absently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absently`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absently' in Wordnet: 1. (6) absently, abstractedly, inattentively, absentmindedly - (in an absentminded or preoccupied manner; 'he read the letter absently')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Absinthe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absinthe`
Description	''Absinthe'' is a ''Liqueur'' prepared from the 'common wormwood' plant RHW: 1. a green, aromatic liqueur that is 68 percent alcohol, is made with wormwood and other herbs, and has a bitter, licorice flavor: now banned in most Western countries. 'absinthe makes the tart grow fonder' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'absinthe' in WordNet: 2. absinth, absinthe - (strong green liqueur flavored with wormwood and anise)`
Super-classes	Liqueur^c
Restrictions	hasFractionalComponent^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcohol65-70perCent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BitterTasting^c isDerivedFrom^op value Wormwood^c

Absolute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absolute`
Description	''Absolute'' is an attribute of something that completely and fully has the quality implied or typical for its kind; unqualified and complete. Often modifies the nominal form of an adjectie: 'absolute silence' (=completely silent), absolute freedom' (= completely free) `Includes adjective sense 1,2, 4, and 5 of 'absolute' in WordNet: 1. (11) absolute - (perfect or complete or pure; 'absolute loyalty'; 'absolute silence'; 'absolute truth'; 'absolute alcohol') 2. (4) absolute, downright, out-and-out, rank, right-down, sheer -` ' 'absolute freedom'; 'an absolute dimwit'; 'a downright lie'; 'out-and-out mayhem'; 'an out-and-out lie'; 'a rank outsider'; 'many right-down vices'; 'got the job through sheer persistence'; 'sheer stupidity') 4. absolute, conclusive - (expressing finality with no implication of possible change; 'an absolute guarantee to respect the nation's authority'; 'inability to make a conclusive refusal') 5. absolute, total, unconditioned - (without conditions or limitations; 'a total ban')
Super-classes	Complete^c
Sub-classes	Stark^c

Absolving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absolving

Description

''Absolving'' is a ''Forgiving'' in which the forgiver not only 'forgives' (ceases to blame) the offender, but also releases that Person from punishment for the offense.

      @TODo1: parent for 2: removing a restraint? obligation?

      The two WN senses are distinguishable, but have the same parent type.
            Different types should be created.
       Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'absolve' in WordNet:
           1. absolve - (grant remission of a sin to; 
                   'The priest absolved him and told him to say ten Hail Mary's')
           2. absolve, justify, free - (let off the hook;
                  'I absolve you from this responsibility')

Super-classes Forgiving^c

Absorbed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absorbed

Description

''Absorbed'' is an attribute of a Liquid that was taken into some absorbent material or object. NOT for mental 'absorption' - see ''AbsorbedIn''.

        This is a form of 'contained' = Relation?


       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'absorbed' in Wordnet:
         3. absorbed - (taken in through the pores of a surface;
            'the absorbed water expanded the sponge')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

AbsorbedIn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbsorbedIn

Description

''AbsorbedIn'' is an intensive level of ''Busy '', an attribute of people who are not merely performing some activity, but are deeply concentrating on the performance,

    For liquid absorption, use ''Absorbed''

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absorbed'  in WordNet:
    1. (4) captive, absorbed, engrossed, enwrapped, intent, wrapped -
     (giving or marked by complete attention to; 'that engrossed look or rapt delight'; 
    'then wrapped in dreams'; 'so intent on this fantastic...narrative that she hardly stirred'- Walter de la Mare; 
    'rapt with wonder'; 'wrapped in thought')

Super-classes Busy^c
Engrossed^c

Absorbency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absorbency`
Description	''Absorbency'' is a Quality of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that is ''Absorbent'', having sufficient ''permeability'' to draw in liquids by capillary action. `''Absorbency'' is the nominalized form of ''Absorbent'' - things that are ''Absorbent'' have ''Absorbency''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absorbency' in WordNet: 1. (1) absorbency - (the property of being absorbent)`
Super-classes	Permeability^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Absorbent^c

Absorbent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absorbent`
Description	A quality of solid substances or objects by which they are capable of absorbing water and/or some other liquids, such as oil. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absorbent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) absorbent, absorptive - (having power or capacity or tendency to absorb or soak up something (liquids or energy etc.); 'as absorbent as a sponge')`
Super-classes	Permeable^c Solid^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value AbsorptionEvent^c

AbsorbentObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbsorbentObject`
Description	An Object that is Absorbent, i.e. capable of absorbing liquids.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value AbsorptionEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absorbent^c
Sub-classes	Towel^c Napkin^c DehumidifyingPacket^c MopHead^c Swab^c

AbsorbentPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbsorbentPaper`
Description	An artifactual ''TissuePaper'' that is Absorbent, designed to be used to absorb liquids or be used for wiping surfaces, like as paper hankies or paper napkins.
Super-classes	TissuePaper^c
Sub-classes	ToiletPaper^c

AbsorbentSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbsorbentSubstance`
Description	An ''AbsorbentSubstance'' is a ''GranularSubstance'' that is capable of absorbing liquids of some type.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absorbent' in WordNet: 1. absorbent material, absorbent - (a material having capacity or tendency to absorb another substance)`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absorbent^c hasCapability^op value AbsorptionEvent^c
Sub-classes	Desiccant^c

Absorption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absorption`
Description	Any Event in which a PhysicalObject (liquid or solid) binds some fluid substance (gas or liquid) without reacting with it, by holding it in solution or holding it in some internal cavities. See the subtypes for more clarification. NOTE that some of the Wordnet subtypes onclude chemical or physical Events or processes (flow, decay, oscillation) that may occur within humans, but not necessarily as a result of human volition. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'absorption' and verb senses 1 and 4 (non metaphorical) of 'absorb' in WordNet: 1. (4) absorption, soaking up - ((chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid) WN verb 'absorb': 1. (12) absorb - (become imbued; 'The liquids, light, and gases absorb') 4. (4) absorb, suck, imbibe, soak up, sop up, suck up, draw, take in, take up - (take in, also metaphorically; 'The sponge absorbs water well'; 'She drew strength from the minister's words')
Super-classes	NonHumanEvent^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some (SubstanceType^c or FluidSubstance^c)
Sub-classes	AbsorptionEvent^c

AbsorptionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbsorptionEvent`
Description	This is the most general sense of 'absorb' or 'absorbing' in which some liquid is either drawn in by capillary action into some porous Object or substance, or adsorbed onto the surface of a granular material, having much the same effect as if the liquid had been drawn into pores in the material. This is a transitive Event with the object specialized for liquids, whereas the parent type ''Absorption'' can also be for gases and can be performed by a liquid, not only a solid. The result is that some portion of liquid is captured by some solid Object or solid substance so that it cannot flow freely, and may be carried away with the solid material. This can be used for towels absorbing water or absorbent materials sopping up spilled oil in an oil slick. Not for adsorption of gases. NOTE: CYC mentions a ''membrane'' but that is interpreted here as a 'porous' object. This is not for transport of subsances across a membrane as in organisms or desalinization. CYC: The event in which objects are taken into some structure across some membrane. Corresponds to part of verb sense 4 of 'absorb' in WordNet (for literal physical absorption): in WordNet: 4. (4) absorb, suck, imbibe, soak up, sop up, suck up, draw, take in, take up - (take in, also metaphorically; 'The sponge absorbs water well'; 'She drew strength from the minister's words')
Super-classes	Absorption^c FluidFlow-Translation^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Absorbed^c isPerformedBy^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	BlottingDry^c

AbsorptionOfRadiation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbsorptionOfRadiation`
Description	''AbsorptionOfRadiation'' is a ''NaturalPhenomenon'' in which some portion of the ''Radiation' passing through a PhysicalObject interacts with the Object and fails to pass through. The amount absorbed depends on the type of radiation, the type of PhysicalObject, and the length of the path of the radiation through the PhysicalObject. Very little may be absorbed (e.g. for ''Neutrino''s) or all may be absorbed, as for Light impinging on a Black opaque object. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'absorption' in WordNet: 2. (3) absorption - ((physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium; 'the absorption of photons by atoms or molecules')`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c EnergyTransferEvent^c NaturalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Radiation^c isPerformedBy^op value PhysicalObject^c

Abstainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abstainer`
Description	Someone who completely abstains from drinking alcohol. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'abstainer' in WordNet: 2. abstainer, abstinent, nondrinker - (a person who refrains from drinking intoxicating beverages) WN noun'teetotaler': 1. (1) teetotaler, teetotaller, teetotalist - (a total abstainer)`
Super-classes	MedicalPatient^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AbstainingFromAlcohol^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abstemious^c

AbstainingFromAlcohol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstainingFromAlcohol`
Description	''AbstainingFromAlcohol'' is a ''Refraining'' from consumption of any ''AlcoholoicBeverage'', for some period of time. This is a Persistent state and may continue indefinitely. Performed by an ''Abstainer'' NOTE: this is for total abstinance from all alcohol. Different degres of abstinence and different things abstained from can be represented by similar types with different objects of abstention in the restrictions. Corresponds to part (for alcoholoic beverages) of verb sense 2 of 'abstain' in WordNet: 2. (1) abstain, refrain, desist - (choose not to consume; 'I abstain from alcohol') WN noun 'abstinence': 1. abstinence, abstention - (the trait of abstaining (especially from alcohol))
Super-classes	Refraining^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op some DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage^c

Abstemious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abstemious

Description

''Abstemious'' characterizes a Person who refrains from some form of Pleasure - usually some pleasure of 'the Flesh', usually referring to eating and drinking, especially alcoholic beverages, but sometimes referring to abstaining from sexual activity.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abstemious' in Wordnet:
          1. abstemious - (sparing in consumption of especially food and drink;
               'the pleasures of the table, never of much consequence to 
               one naturally abstemious'- John Galsworthy)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abstract`
Description	''Abstract'' describes things (Objects or Events) that are not ''Concrete'' (PhysicalObjects or are Events or Processes involving Physicalobjects), but usually are MentalObjects or Mathematical things, which may be represented by PhysicalObjects. Whether an Abstract thing 'exists' is debatable,though it can be said to 'exist' if it has a representation in some PhysicalObject. Anything that a Person conceives would then 'exist' as long as that Person is thinking of it,or puts it into symbolic form. See more at ''AbstractEntity''. Essentially equivalent to CYC 'Intangible': The collection of things that are not physical - are not made of, or encoded in, matter. Every #$Collection is an #$Intangible (even if its instances are tangible), and so are some #$Individuals. Caution: do not confuse 'tangibility' with 'perceivability' -- humans can perceive light even though it's intangible--at least in a sense. For more on this issue, see the relevant #$cyclistNotes. This is broader than WN sense 1: if something has any kind of representation in a physicalobject, it satisfies the COSMO criterion for 'existence', in the RealWorld.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abstract' in WordNet: 1. (5) abstract - (existing only in the mind; separated from embodiment; 'abstract words like 'truth' and 'justice'')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OutsideOfTime^c

AbstractBroadcast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractBroadcast`
Description	Each ''AbstractBroadcast'' is an ''AbstractDocument'' consisting of the lingistic (''Textual'') content (including images and AbstractVideo) in any ''MediaTransmitting'' Event,whether broadcast by radio waves or carried over 'cable', inteded for a large audience and produced by an identifiable Organization. .
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some MediaTransmitting^c

AbstractCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractCharacter`
Description	An AbstractCharacter is an AbstractSymbol that is one of the symbols contained in some linguistic alphabet, or any other symbol used in typography or in the control of format during electronic transmission of information. In information processing systems, any sequence of bits having the proper length for use in strings (e.g., seven bits or eight bits or sixteen bits) can count as an AbstractCharacter, the length depending on the computational context. An AbstractCharacter will have a graphical representation (may have multiple different representations in different fonts), and the graphical representations can be distinguished from each other by their shape, but as an AbstractCharacter per se, it can have properties that are independent of the shape, such as the fact that a certain sequence of characters form a certain word. Therefore it is necessary to maintain the distinction between an AbstracgtCharacgter and its graphical representation. For example, a pdf document may have page images that consist wholly of representations of text - yet it is stored as an image. The distinction has to be made between such images of text and the AbstractText that is represented by that image, and the distinction must be in the way the image is composed - of lines, pixels, or other graphical elements, whereas the text is a linear arrangement of abstract characters, requiring no specification of graphical form for the characters. Specifying the graphical representation of an AbstractCharacter is not essential to distinguish one AbstractCharacter from another, at the abstract level. NOTE that Wordnet does not distinguish between abstract characters and their physical representation, The same labels are used for both in COSMO, and which applies to a specific use depends on the context. e.g. 'the Greek alphabet has 24 characters' would have to refer to the abstract characters - there are billions of ''PhysicalCharacter''s representing greek letters. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'character' in WordNet: 8. character, grapheme, graphic symbol - (a written symbol that is used to represent speech; 'the Greek alphabet has 24 characters')
Super-classes	WritingSymbol^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value PhysicalCharacter^c
Sub-classes	SpaceCharacter^c HexadecimalCharacter^c MathematicalSymbol^c NumericalCharacter^c DecimalCharacter^c LetterOfTheAlphabet^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Char_o

AbstractDigitalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractDigitalObject`
Description	An 'AbstractInformationStore' on which the information is encoded digitally, that is in binary form, not easily readable by humans and depends on machines.
Super-classes	AbstractInformationStore^c GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only DigitalInformationBearingObject^c
Sub-classes	WebSite^c DataPacket^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheFilesOnPatsComputer

AbstractDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractDocument`
Description	An AbstractDocument is an abstract symbolic object that has at least one part that is an AbstractText (which can be represented by speech or writing). Note that this 'document' is abstract, not a physical document. Each AbstractDocument has at least one physical object or ''Speaking'' Action that represents that document. Note that a one-way message can be considered as a complete document, but is more specific in having a sender and a list of intended recipients. `NOTE that this is considered as a 'location' so that information in documents can be considered to be 'located' in those documents (in three or four dimensions, the latter including the time of a ''Speaking''). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'document' in WordNet: 2. (1) document - (anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks)`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c ConceptualWork^c AbstractInformationStore^c GenericLocation^c AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	containsSymbolicObject^op value AbstractText^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only Document-Physical^c
Sub-classes	ClimaxOfaStory^c PrefatoryRemarks^c WrittenTest^c DocumentPart^c Medley^c CodeSpecification^c Resolution^c MagazineSeries^c AdvertisingCircular^c Journal^c Charter^c SacredText^c AbstractLetter^c InstructionsDocument^c Criticism-Genre^c Message^c AgreementClause^c PublishedMaterial^c ComputerFile-Abstract^c NewspaperAdvertisement^c MusicalScore^c Advertisement^c WebSite^c DraftDocument-Abstract^c Appraisal^c OfficialDocument-Abstract^c TimeTable^c AbstractBroadcast^c Book-Abstract^c DirectionsDocument^c Index^c

AbstractEntity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractEntity`
Description	The most general Type for Objects whose subtypes are abstract - intangible - i.e. things that do not have mass. Note that AbstractEntity is not a subtype of AbstractObject - the name 'Abstract' is retained for alignment with other ontologies. NOTE in particular that AbstractEntity is not disjoint from MentalObject, which may be created by people in space and time, and have a location in space and time. The kind of abstract things that do not have a location in space and time are under 'AbstractObject' in COSMO. COSMO Note: the notion of 'Abstract' has historically been somewhat vague. It is often defined by saying that it represents things 'not located in space or time' - but then subclasses are defined which are clearly mental constructs with a defined creation time (e.g. musical compositions) - which means that they must indeed be located in time and space. In this ontology we distinguish 'Abstract' things from 'MentalObjects' - the latter are things created by IntelligentAgents (people) that have no mass, and therefore would traditionally be categorized as 'Abstract'. 'AbstractObject' here is used mostly to categorize mathematical things such as numbers, which arguably do not depend on intelligent entities for their existence. But 'AbstractEntities' and 'MentalObjects' are not considered disjoint here, so there is room for people to argue whether mathematical concepts are created or merely discovered by mathematicians - we take no position on that issue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abstract entity' in WordNet: 1. abstract entity - (an entity that exists only abstractly)
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abstract^c
Sub-classes	Abstraction^c RelationInstance^c Relation^c AbstractEvent^c AtemporalRole^c AbstractObject^c IntangibleIndividual^c MathematicalOrComputationalThing^c

AbstractEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractEvent`
Description	An 'AbstractEvent' is an abstract entity that is analogous to a 'Event', but is atemporal in that the Objects whose properties are represented in an 'AbstractEvent' are not PhysicalObjects, but AbstractObjects, and the 'AbstractEvent' may persist only within some abstract 'dimension of causality', not within physical time. This type can be used to create an abstract representation of a physical 'WEvent', such as a 'Sound' which is represented in COSMO as the Event of sound wave propagation. `One use of this is to have unique representations of certain 'Sound' events that may have multiple other representtons such as sound files in a computer or on a physical digital medium.`
Super-classes	AbstractEntity^c
Sub-classes	MusicalComposition^c Coda^c AbstractState^c AbstractSound^c
In domain of	representsPhysicalEvent^op

AbstractImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractImage`
Description	An abstract entity that may have physical represenation as an image - a picture, drawing, or any other graphical thing. (NOTE: this may also point to an image in the imagination or visual processing portion of a person's brain (a 'MentalImage'). The representation in that case is still a 'PhysicalObject' though it may not be easily recognized as such from outside the mind of the person imagining it.) NOTe that the actual Light waves that can be processed to create a physical representation of an ''AbstractImage'' in a brain or in some Device (e.g. camera) is represented in COSMO as a ''Scene'' (the light waves radiating from some object(s)) or a ''View'' (the light waves oserved by some (animate or inanimate) observer. A ''Reflection'' (as in a mirror) is a type of ''View''. An AbstractImage is typically an abstract representation of a PhysicalImage, and the restriction requires some PhysicalImage for each AbstractImage; but it is not always necessary to have an instance of PhysicalImage for each instance of AbstractImage (it can be purely in digital form and never represented in graphical form), so this restriction may be removed. For the initial phase, it is left in as a way to relate abstract and physical images. An AbstractImage can represent anything that can be seen - including a text. For example, a pdf document may have page images that consist wholly of representations of text - yet it is stored as an image. The distinction has to be made between such images of text and the AbstractText that is represented by that image, and the distinction must be in the way the image is composed - of lines, pixels, or other graphical elements, whereas the text is a linear arrangement of abstract characters, requiring no specification of graphical form for the characters. Of course, characters can take on different graphical forms, but that is a relation between the abstract character and its graphical representation, and is not essential to distinguish one AbstractCharacter from another, at the abstract level. A group of multiple images is included as a subtype. Writing is not usually considered as a graphical thing, but it is possible that some images may have writing in them, and images of writing are common. The distinction is in the way the entity is actually represented, abstractly and physically. An abstract image is not represented in WordNet, only mental and physical images. For the Physical Image on an Object, see 'StillImage'.
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c GenericImage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only PhysicalImage^c
Sub-classes	SubjectOfanImage^c AbstractPainting^c ArchitecturalPlan^c PixelImage^c Profile^c ComputerImageFile^c Emblem^c VerbalImage^c Diagram^c Illustration^c VirtualImage^c AbstractPhotograph^c Icon^c AbstractImageComponent^c CapturedImage^c Pixel^c Fingerprint^c RetinalImage^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalDrowningWitch

AbstractImageComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractImageComponent`
Description	Each 'AbstractImageComponent' is a a part of some 'AbstractImage' that represents some Object(s) that can be referred to by a single label. `NOTE that an 'AbstractImageComponent' can only be a part of one 'AbstractImage'. even if there are many images that contain an identical component.`
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	isContainedInObject^op some AbstractImage^c
In domain of	depictsObjectType^op occupiesAreaFractionInImage^dp

AbstractInformationStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractInformationStore`
Description	Cyc term: 'AspatialInformationStore' Cyc: A specialization of #$AspatialThing, #$IntangibleIndividual, and #$InformationStore. #$AspatialInformationStore is the collection of all information stores that have no spatial location. Specializations of #$AspatialInformationStore include #$ConceptualWork, #$Microtheory, #$AbstractInformationStructure, and #$FieldOfStudy. Although no instance of #$AspatialInformationStore has a spatial location, some instances can have multiple spatio-temporal embodiments . For example, an instance of #$PropositionalInformationThing may be the content of several concrete documents, such as several instances of #$BookCopy (see #$containsInfoPropositional-IBT); and several distinct events, such as spoken utterances, may have a certain unique #$Proposition as their content (see #$containsInformation)
Super-classes	InformationStore^c AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Sub-classes	Erotica^c AuditoryCommunication^c ComputerFile-Abstract^c EMailMessage^c AbstractDocument^c StructuredInformationSource^c AbstractDigitalObject^c Petition^c Telegram^c GenericWebPage^c

AbstractLetter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractLetter`
Description	An AbstractLetter is an Abstract Document containing some AbstractText. It is the Abstract content of a physical 'Letter' (including digitally encoded letters such as an email). Since the AbstractLetter must has some text, so must the physical letter. A non-text material (e..g photographs sent in the mail) are not parts of the 'letter' proper, but are attachments to the Letter. Every AbstractLetter contains some AbstractText, but in order to discuss letters without requiring that the text be known, the restriction does not require that an instance of AbstractText be created. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'letter' in WordNet. but Wordnet does not distinguish the abstract and physical letters, so the word is ambiguous between the two senses in WordNet: 1. (475) letter, missive - (a written message addressed to a person or organization; 'mailed an indignant letter to the editor')
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	containsSymbolicObject^op value AbstractText^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only (Letter^c or DigitalLetter^c)

AbstractMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractMusic`
Description	Each 'AbstractMusic' is an 'AbstractSound' that is musical, of any duration. This type allows repreentation of a unique individual (e.g. 'Beethovens Ninth') so that assertions may be made regarding the meaningful content regardless of the physical form of any recording or performance of it. `NOTE: See 'MusicalComposition' for an abstract representation of Music that is a 'Procedure', emphasizing the sequential nature of it.`
Super-classes	AbstractSound^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op some MusicalComposition^c representsPhysicalEvent^op some Music^c
Sub-classes	AbstractMusicAlbum^c AbstractMusicRecording^c

AbstractMusicAlbum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractMusicAlbum`
Description	Each ''AbstractMusicAlbum'' is a Group of '''AbstractMusicRecording''s that are physically represented on some physical ''MusicAlbum''.
Super-classes	Group^c AbstractMusic^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some MusicAlbum^c hasComponentElement^op some AbstractMusicRecording^c

AbstractMusicRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractMusicRecording`
Description	Each 'AbstractMusicRecording' is an 'AbstractMusic' that is the abstract representation of some physical recording made by a sound recording device.
Super-classes	AbstractMusic^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some MusicRecording^c

AbstractObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractObject`
Description	An AbstractObject is an entity which does not exist in space or time. This is more stringent than merely not having mass, the criterion for belonging to 'AbstractEntity'. This category is mostly for mathematical concepts. Under 'AbstractEntity' we also have 'MentalObjects', which do exist in space and time. COSMO Note: the notion of 'Abstract' has historically been somewhat vague. It is often defined by saying that it represents things 'not located in space or time' - but then subclasses are defined which are clearly mental constructs with a defined creation time (e.g. musical compositions) - which means that they must indeed be located in time and space. In this ontology we distinguish generically 'Abstract' things from 'MentalObjects' - the latter are things created by IntelligentAgents (people) that have no mass, and therefore would traditionally be categorized as 'Abstract'. 'AbstractObject' here is used mostly to categorize mathematical things such as numbers, which arguably do not depend on intelligent entities for their existence. But 'AbstractEntities' and 'MentalObjects' are not considered disjoint here, so there is room for people to argue whether mathematical concepts are created or merely discovered by mathematicians - we take no position on that issue. See the note under 'AbstractEntity' to see how 'Abstract' is used in this ontology. The current (20061027) arrangement here is provisional, keeping some of the terminology from Cyc and SUMO for alignment - but it may be changed slightly in the future in a way that will not affect inferencing. Intangible_Cyc__Abstract_SUMO__abstract_object_ISO15926 ISO15926 An Abstract-object is a thing that does not exist in space-time. (COSMO note - this is not the interpretation in COSMO - MentalObjects are abstract, but they do 'exist' in our ordinary space and time.) SUMO: Abstract : Properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment. #$Intangible: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of things that are not physical - are not made of, or encoded in, matter. Every #$Collection is an #$Intangible (even if its instances are tangible), and so are some #$Individuals. Caution: do not confuse 'tangibility' with 'perceivability' - humans can perceive light even though it's intangible--at least in a sense. For more on this issue, see the relevant #$cyclistNotes.
Super-classes	AbstractEntity^c IntangibleIndividual^c Object^c
Sub-classes	PaymentAmount^c SoundTrack^c GroupOfLines^c Item^c MathematicalObject^c Loan^c GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible^c FinancialPortfolio^c SetOrType^c GraphicalIllustration^c AbstractVideo^c FinancialSecurity^c NumberRange^c Capital^c MentalObject^c Account^c Stocks^c EconomicAssistance^c
In domain of	representsEvent^op
In range of	isRepresentedInVideo^op

AbstractObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractObjectType`
Description	AbstractObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical objects and an argument restriction for various relations on 'AbstractObject' types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	LocationType^c ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	SpecificationType^c MentalObjectType^c
Members	StatementOfFact AbstractView ConceptualWork Pictograph DatabaseRecord Article Restatement Compendium MoviePreview SemanticNetwork Con Rationale Dictionary Reassessment Litany CommandPhrase GraphicalIllustration Glossary AbstractText ProseLiteraryWork Certification Bond Passage MentalObjectGroup HardcorePornography KnowledgeOrganizationSystem Information-encoding-system Ideogram DataFile ComputerVideoFile CausalExplanation NewsReport ReferencePublication AbstractVideo PeriodicalIssue Pap MusicalComposition LawTitle AbstractMusicAlbum Newsletter ScriptDialogue Commentary ReferenceWork AbstractSymbol JudicialOrder TypeFont ProgramForPerformance Travelogue Tabloid Proclamation ResearchReport Protest CulturalTaste AbstractImage Bulletin MentalIllusion Prognostication StoryFlashback Translation Verdict HailMary ClimaxOfaStory Injunction Gibberish LoveStory Medley ShortProseWork PeriodicalSeries Comment Percentile LegalOpinion Zinger GuideBook AbstractImageComponent AbstractCharacter AdventureStory OurFather Logogram Anecdote ProsAndCons Amendment Advice Narrative OriginalVersion GothicFont TheRosary Argument ABCs Clause Prediction Tautology NewspaperAdvertisement Sidebar MusicalScore Proposal NewspaperSeries Hype Claim Novel Understatement AbstractSound Citation GenericWebPage OperatingPrinciple AbstractSymbolicObject Chapter LinguisticAssertion Basics Guidance AbstractObject DateTimeString Footage Edition Fable MentalStillImage MovieClip COSMOaxiom JournalArticle Tale ClassifiedAdvertisement Calendar FantasyStory LawText Acquittal ScholarlyArticle Absurdity Pro Message Saga Explanation SoundTrack Subdivision NewspaperArticle ComputerFileGroup Hieroglyph ProseArticle Atlas AbstractDigitalObject Revision Syntax ConvictionJudgment AbstractInformationStore Handbook LiteraryWork Suggestion Clarification Thriller AbstractDocument Jabber Topic FictionalStory Drivel Declaration Anthology RecordBook PieChart PublishedMaterial BarCodeData BarCode RegulationText NewspaperIssue SchoolYearbook Testament MentalStructure InternetAdvertisement AbstractPrintableCharacter ComputerImageFile HeadNote CityStateString SacredText UsefulSuggestion NarrativeRecord ChineseCharacter SeriesOfImages Pointer AbstractString BarChart Apology Erotica Almanac DocumentPart Diary Prayer AbstractMusic TrueStatement-RealWorld KnowledgeClassificationSystem Adaptation Culture ListString Suffix Version Yearbook ManualBook Profile Reference Coda Legend Emblem Appraisal Promise Compilation TimeClassificationSystem TrueStatement Story Directory Proviso TextualPCW ConceptualWorkSequel Nonsense CodingSystem AbstractMusicRecording MusicVideoFile PoeticWork AdvertisementScript ShortStory ComputerAudioFile TransactionList Climax WebAccessibleFile Manifesto CoordinateSystem Encyclopedia DramaticComposition News Taxonomy AbstractLetter TestScore DeductiveArgument

AbstractPainting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractPainting`
Description	An 'AbstractPainting' is an AbstractImage that is the abstract content of a physical 'Painting'. At least one such actual Painting must be specified.
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some Painting^c

AbstractPhotograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractPhotograph`
Description	An 'AbstractPhotograph' is an AbstractImage that is the abstract content of a Photograph, i.e. an image created by a photographic device (not a painting ro sketch or drawing).
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some Photograph^c
Sub-classes	Sonogram^c

AbstractPrintableCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractPrintableCharacter`
Description	An ''AbstractPrintableCharacter'' is an AbstractSymbol is represented in visual form as a ''character'' in some printed text. Each ''AbstractPrintableCharacter'' has attributes that specify the font, which include the shape and size.
Super-classes	AbstractSymbol^c

AbstractSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractSound`
Description	An 'AbstractSound' is an 'AbstractEvent' that represents the 'Event' of sound wave propagation. The Sound represented can be of any duration. `This may be represented abstractly by an ComputerFile-Abstract (such as a 'ComputerAudioFile') or physically by a PhysicalObject, such as a computer sound file in memory, or a CD, tape, or analog recording. One use of this is to have unique representations of certain 'Sound' events that may have multiple other representtons such as sound files in a computer or on a physical digital medium.`
Super-classes	InformationObject^c AbstractEvent^c
Restrictions	representsPhysicalEvent^op some Sound^c
Sub-classes	AbstractMusic^c

AbstractState^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractState

Description

An 'AbstractState' is an abstract entity that is analogous to a 'PersistentState', but is atemporal in that the Objects whose properties are represented in an 'AbstractState' are not PhysicalObjecs, but AbstractObjects, and the 'AbstractState' may persist only within some abstract 'dimension of causality', not within physical time. This type can model the 'state' of an AbstractObject or a model that may have more than one configuration, and may be used to represent the states of a 'Procedure' (which see) or computational process in which the steps in the computation are in effect mathematical representations, which may be represented and calculated without specifying any physical time required for each step. The states of a Turing Machine or Petri Net may be represented by this type. This type can also represent the states of an abstract mathematical process in which transformation occur to mathematical objects during that process.

  John Sowa stated (in Ontolog Forum) referred to 'states' that are in effect what are represented here:
     [It is possible (and I believe preferable) to specify states and processes as abstractions.
     There is no need to assume anything about a physical time or space (4D, 3D, or whatever) in order
         to define a Turing machine, a finite-state machine, or a Petri net.
     If you define states and processes abstractly, you can use them to specify computations,
        data structures, etc., independently of anything physical.
     If you do so, you can formalize communications among systems in a purely abstract way - 
        - independent of any assumptions about any ontology of physics, space, time, matter, etc.]

    An AbstractState, as in a PersistentState, will be a Group of assertions about relations among AbstractObjects
    (which may be intended to represent Physical Objects, but without reference to an actual Event located in
    physical Time).  The states represented in the Process Specification Language would be such AbstractStates,
    as would the states in a Procedure (a 'MentalObject').

Super-classes AbstractEvent^c

AbstractString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractString`
Description	An AbstractString is a linear array (A List) of basic characters in some character set (not necessarily just an alphabet). It is the abstract representation of the characters, and the base string will not have any formatting, either of font or size or capitalization. Formatting can be represented as attributes of a String. Every defined instance of AbstractString should be represented by a datatype String using the relation 'hasStringRepresentation', unless it is a binary string, or has a number of bits that is not evenly divisible by 8 (in which case, a BinaryString should be used). The name of the AbstractString in the ontology can be very much shorter than the actual String represented; e.g. the string representation of AbstractString 'WarAndPeace' might be the full text of a long book. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'string' in WordNet: 5. (1) string - (a linear sequence of symbols (characters or words or phrases))
Super-classes	AbstractText^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Communication^c hasComponentElement^op value AbstractCharacter^c
Sub-classes	CountryCode2^c FormattedString^c IndexNumberString^c CodeString^c organization identification code^c Term^c NotationalSymbol^c CountryCode3^c NumberString^c NamespacePrefix^c WordStem^c ColumnValueString^c GrammaticalStructure^c IdentifierString^c ChemicalFormula^c TelnoType^c CorrectSpelling^c SpacesString^c Word^c WordString^c CodeDescription^c
In domain of	hasSubstring^op hasStringDatatype^dp isaSubstringOf^op hasStringLength^dp beginsWithString^op isDefinedByString^op
In range of	isDefinedByString^op beginsWithSubstring^op hasSubstring^op hasDelimiter^op isaSubstringOf^op hasChemicalComposition^op recordWasCreatedByAsString^op beginsWithString^op hasAbstractStringRepresentation^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommaString

AbstractSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractSymbol`
Description	A AbstractSymbol is a unit mental object which is created to serve as a Symbol, and cannot be broken in parts without destroying much of the meaning of the symbol. Examples are single characters in some language or graphical icons representing ideas or objects. The more interesting Symbols are texts and images.
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Sub-classes	NotationalSymbol^c WritingSymbol^c Logo^c AbstractPrintableCharacter^c Designator^c CodeSymbol^c WordStem^c Trademark^c UnitOfMeasureSymbol^c AlphabeticalCharacter^c Phoneme^c WordString^c

AbstractSymbolicObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractSymbolicObject`
Description	A AbstractSymbolicObject is a mental object which is created to serve as a Symbol, i.e. to represent something other than itself. This is not a physical object, but more abstract, such as the letter 'a', which may have representations in billions of different physical objects, but retains its identity as the unique (Roman alphabet) letter 'a'. Every SymbolicObject is represented in at least one PhysicalObject, even if only the brain of the person who created it. The more interesting SymbolicObjects are texts and documents. This Type is approximately equal to,and merged with, the Cyc 'AbstractInformationStructure' From Cyc: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A subcollection of #$AbstractInformationalThing whose instances involve symbols standing in certain relations to one another. Important specializations include #$CharacterString and #$Sentence. #$AbstractInformationStructure also includes abstract diagrams, graphs, and bit strings. The collection can be more precisely defined as follows: Each #$AbstractInformationStructure is such that each of its physical instantiations (see #$instantiationOfAIS) consists of instantiations of instances of #$AtomicSymbol-Abstract, arranged in a certain way. For example, the abstract sentence 'The pig flies' is an #$AbstractInformationStructure. Each written instantiation of it consists of an instantiation of the words (symbols) 'The', 'pig' and 'flies', written in that order. (If the #$AbstractInformationStructure 'The pig flies' were spoken, the same words would appear in the same order, i.e. 'The' first, etc., but the sequence would be determined by the arrangement of the words in time, rather than space.) Likewise with abstract diagrams, graphs, etc. Each of these is such that their physical instantiations consist of arrangements of instantiations of instances of #$AtomicSymbol-Abstract. A hard copy of a wiring diagram consists of a group of concrete symbols representing various circuit components, in which these symbols are spatially arranged in a certain in way. The arrangement of the concrete symbols in an instantiation of an #$AbstractInformationStructure is not always a simple matter of arrangement in space or time. The sequence of symbols '0010010111011001' can be instantiated in written, spoken, or electronic forms. In the last case, the order of the symbols is determined by conventions concerning the electronic medium in which it is stored, rather than by any common criterion for precedence or subsequence in space or time.
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c SymbolicThing^c ExternalReferringThing^c InformationObject^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Swastika^c SeriesOfImages^c Amendment^c GroupOfQuestions^c AbstractText^c Information-encoding-system^c AbstractInformationStore^c AbstractImage^c AbstractDocument^c Record^c ConceptualWork^c AbstractSymbol^c Statement^c LinguisticObject^c List^c
In domain of	hasFileRepresentation^op hasLastEditDate^op

AbstractText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractText`
Description	An AbstractText is the abstract representation of some linguistic expressions. An AbstractText need not have some representation in a PhysicalObject, it can have a physical representation in some spoken words or otherwise briefly communicated linguistic expressions that are not recorded; this is a string of linguistic symbols that represent the yet more abstract propositional content of some linguistic phrase. A written text may have formatting, such as columns and rows, beyond simple linear text; it may also contain non-textual material, such as images, charts, or even multimedia (in the case of electronic versions). Any AbstractText has parts which are also AbstractText - an AbstractText need not be a complete document, but can be part of a document.
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	hasStringRepresentation^dp only xsd:string^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Textual^c
Sub-classes	JobDescription^c Passage^c TextPart^c AbstractString^c Acknowledgment^c QuestionableInformation^c TextualPCW^c PraiseText^c Subdivision^c FictionalText^c PrayerText^c Book-Abstract^c TextBook-Abstract^c HeadNote^c NarrativeRecord^c TextbookExercise^c TextOfaBroadcast^c Prayer^c FactualText^c Essay^c Chapter^c Erotica^c BookOfTheBible^c LinguisticDescription^c HeadsUp^c WrittenWork^c IntroductionToDocument^c SelfDescription^c Lyrics^c ApplicationText^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PriceDroodleBook http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheFourGospels http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RangeOfValues http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumValue http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinimumValue

AbstractVideo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractVideo`
Description	An 'AbstractVideo' is an AbstractObject composed of a SeriesOfImages and possibly also a SoundTrack. The method of arrangement of the images and sound are not specified, and can be in any format, separate or interlaced. This type can be used to represent the unique AbstractObject that is represented by any of multiple copies of a 'ComputerVideoFile'. Thus one can refer to an 'AbstractVideo' and decide if it is identical to another 'AbstractVideo' represented in a different 'ComputerVideoFile', even if the files have different names. A 'Movie' is similar to an 'AbstractVideo', but is composed to tell a story. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'video' in WordNet, but this is an 'AbstractVideo' and WN has no exactly comparable sense: in WordNet: 1. (1) video, picture - (the visible part of a television transmission; 'they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone') 2. (1) video recording, video - (a recording of both the video and audio components (especially one containing a recording of a movie or television program))
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c AbstractObject^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op only ComputerVideoFile^c hasSecondElement^op only SoundTrack^c hasFirstElement^op some SeriesOfImages^c
Sub-classes	MoviePreview^c DayDream^c Dream^c

AbstractView^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractView`
Description	An ''AbstractView'' is an ''InformationBearingThing'' that contains the information in a ''View'' - which could be a single still image or a series of images that represent the ''View'' of (the light waves transmited by) an Event. This is the ''InformationBearingThing'' that is transmitted in the ''VideoSignal'' of a television broadcast, or of any other image capturing device.
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c GenericImage^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op only ImageCaptureEvent^c isaRepresentationOf^op only View^c
Sub-classes	CapturedImage^c

Abstraction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abstraction`
Description	An ''Abstraction'' is a ''MentalObject'' that was created by an IntelligentAgent to represent some Entity or Group of entities, usually Physical, by omitting details, to make analysis easier. `Includes noun senses 1 and 6 of 'abstraction' in Wordnet: 1. (5) abstraction, abstract - (a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance; 'he loved her only in the abstract--not in person') 6. abstraction - (a general concept formed by extracting common features from specific examples)`
Super-classes	AbstractEntity^c MentalObject^c
Sub-classes	Theory^c TheoreticalModel^c

Abstruse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abstruse

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abstruse' in Wordnet:
          1. abstruse, deep, recondite - (difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible 
            to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge; 'the professor's lectures 
            were so abstruse that students tended to avoid them'; 
            'a deep metaphysical theory'; 'some recondite problem in historiography')

Super-classes DifficultToUnderstand^c

Absurdity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Absurdity`
Description	An ''Absurdity'' is an Assertion (an abstract object) that is irrational or highly improbable. However, The terms 'absurdness' and 'ridiculousness' appear to be better viewed as the Qualities of the Action of making such assertions. The distinction needs careful look at examples. For now the WN use as synonyms is accepted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absurdity' in WordNet: 1. (6) absurdity, absurdness, ridiculousness - (a message whose content is at variance with reason)`
Super-classes	Nonsense^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ridiculous^c

Abundance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abundance`
Description	''Abundance'' is a PersistentState in which many (more than three, and more than enough for some Agent's purpose), are present somewhere (location is usually specified in assertions), those things being usually accessible to some agent. NOTE: for the 'property' (attribute) of having plenty,use the ''VerbalQuantifier'' - ''AlotOf''. This WN gloss states that this is a 'property', but this COSMO type represents a ''PersistentState''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abundance' in WordNet: 1. (2) abundance, copiousness, teemingness - (the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply; 'an age of abundance') WN noun 'plenty' 1. (13) plenty, plentifulness, plenteousness, plenitude, plentitude - (a full supply; 'there was plenty of food for everyone')
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Abundant^c
Sub-classes	Bountifulness^c AbundanceOfFood^c Infestation^c Overabundance^c

AbundanceOfFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbundanceOfFood`
Description	An ''AbundanceOfFood'' is a PersistentState in which there is an ''Abundant'',suppy of ''Food'' and ''Beverage''s, more than enough to satisfy the hunger of all who are present at that stuation.
Super-classes	Abundance^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some (FoodObject^c or ObjectType^c or Food^c or FoodType^c or BeverageType^c)

Abundant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abundant`
Description	''Abundant' is even more than''Plentiful'', more than one is likely to use by oneself. If the thing that is ''Abundant'' can be a nuisance or harmful, that would be ''TooMuch'' or ''Excessive''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abundant' in WordNet: 1. (1) abundant - (present in great quantity; 'an abundant supply of water')`
Super-classes	Plentiful^c
Sub-classes	Abounding^c Teeming^c

Abused^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abused

Description

This 'Abused' include both WN senses, which can be distingsuished when needed. relates to ''AbusingAnAnimal'' and ''DrugAbuse''

         Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'abused' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) abused - (used improperly or excessively especially drugs; 'an abused substance')
           2. abused, ill-treated, maltreated, mistreated - (subjected to cruel treatment; 'an abused wife'

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Abuser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abuser`
Description	This sense of ''Abuser'' is for someone who performs ''SexualAbuse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abuser' in WordNet: 1. abuser, maltreater - (someone who abuses)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SexualAbuse^c

AbusingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbusingAnAnimal`
Description	''AbusingAnAnimal'' is an ''AbusingSomething'' where the thing abused is an Animal, Human or non-human. This form of abuse is a ''HarmingAnAgent'' where the 'harm' is some form (physical or psychological or social) of harm inflicted on the animal abused. `For the specific case of abusing a Person use the subtype ''MistreatingaPerson''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'abuse' in WordNet: 1. (1) maltreatment, ill-treatment, ill-usage, abuse - (cruel or inhumane treatment)`
Super-classes	HarmingAnAgent^c AbusingSomething^c
Sub-classes	MistreatingaPerson^c

AbusingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbusingSomething`
Description	''AbusingSomething'' is a general type of Action affecting something in a negative way, but the thing affected can be abstract or concrete. One may abuse people or animals,but can also abuse a Privilege or right. The notion of 'substance abuse' (see WN sense 3) is included, as a subtype of 'abusing a right' (i.e. the right to use something).. `The abstract and concrete meanings can be created as subtypes. Includes noun sense 3 and verb senses 1, 2,and 4 of 'abuse' in WordNet: 3. misuse, abuse - (improper or excessive use) WN verb 'abuse': 4. abuse - (use wrongly or improperly or excessively; 'Her husband often abuses alcohol'; 'while she was pregnant, she abused drugs')`
Super-classes	BadThing^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Abused^c
Sub-classes	MisusingSomething^c AbusingAnAnimal^c

Abusive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abusive

Description

''Abusive'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person of an Action and of a Person performing that action, in which some Person is harmed physically or emotionally (psychologically), in a manner that is not typically considered as socially proper. NOTE this attribute can characterize people or the Actions of people, and which meaning is intended needs to be inferred from the context of usage. (could be divided into subattributes, if there are linguistic phrases other than the object of the attribute that make that distinction clear.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'abusive' in Wordnet:
        2. abusive - (characterized by physical or psychological maltreatment; 'abusive punishment'; 
           'argued...that foster homes are abusive')

Super-classes Harmful^c
BehaviorAttribute^c

Abutting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abutting`
Description	''Abutting'' is the state of two Objects that are in touch on at least one side that is neither the top nor bottom of the objects, i.e. they 'adjoin' each other on a horizontal plane. NOTE that the subject of this state is an ''PairOfObjects'', which is two ''PhysicalObject''s. Thus if geographical regions are being described, they must be represented by ''GeographicalArea''s which are physicalObjects and not regions of space. NOTE2: describing two things as ''Abutting'' is equivalent to relating one to the other by the relation ''isAdjacentTo''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abut' in WordNet: 1. border, adjoin, edge, abut, march, butt, butt against, butt on - (lie adjacent to another or share a boundary; "Canada adjoins the U.S."; "England marches with Scotland")
Super-classes	TouchingState^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value PairOfObjects^c

Abyss^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Abyss

Description

An ''Abyss'' is a ''Chasm'' that is so deep it appears bottomless from the edge or top part. Used frequently to refer to deep parts of an Ocean.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abyss' in WordNet:
          1. (3) abyss, abysm - (a bottomless gulf or pit; any unfathomable 
              (or apparently unfathomable) cavity or chasm or void extending below 
              (often used figuratively))

Super-classes Chasm^c

AbyssinianCat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbyssinianCat

Description

Each #$Abyssinian-Cat is a slender shorthaired cat with a reddish coat, having tabby-like markings.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Abyssinian cat' in WordNet:
           1. Abyssinian, Abyssinian cat -
           (a small slender short-haired breed of African origin having brownish fur with a reddish undercoat)

Super-classes DomesticCat^c

Acacia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acacia`
Description	A member of the genus Acacia. These are small trees or shrubs, often with thorns, occurring in arid climates. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acacia' in WordNet: 1. acacia - (any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia)`
Super-classes	Legume-ThePlant^c Plant-Woody^c LegumeOrder^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prickly^c

Academia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Academia

Description

''Academia''is a ''SocialDomain'' consisting of the people who teach or perform research at colleges or universities or acadeies, as well as the administrators.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academia' in WordNet:
           1. academia, academe - (the academic world)

Super-classes SocialDomain^c

Academic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Academic

Description

''Academic'' is a broad ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to schools, teaching, education or faculty members of colleges or discussions considered abstruse rather than practical

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'academic' in WordNet:
             1. (18) academic - (associated with academia or an academy;
             'the academic curriculum'; 'academic gowns')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AcademicActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademicActivity`
Description	An ''AcademicActivity'' is any kind of ''HumanActivity'' that occurs mostly or exclusively within some AcademicOrganization or some ''School''.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some (AcademicOrganization^c or OrganizationType^c or School^c)
Sub-classes	AcademicManagementEvent^c

AcademicAdministrator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademicAdministrator`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academic administrator' in WordNet: 1. academic administrator - (an administrator in a college or university)`
Super-classes	Administrator^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value HigherEducationManagementEvent^c
Sub-classes	Dean^c

AcademicDepartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademicDepartment`
Description	A ''Department'' of any educational institution, not just universities. The subtype 'ResearchOrganization' is added temporarily (Rev1285) but should not be applied to high-school departments. `CYC A collection of sub-organizations. Each instance of #$AcademicDepartment is a major subdivision of an educational institution, with the primary purpose of research and/or teaching related to a particular academic discipline or subject-matter. See also #$SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academic department' in WordNet: 1. academic department - (a division of a school that is responsible for a given subject)`
Super-classes	ResearchOrganization^c Department^c AcademicOrganization^c
Sub-classes	EconomicsDepartment^c MathematicsDepartment^c

AcademicManagementEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademicManagementEvent`
Description	Each ''AcademicManagementEvent'' is a ''ManagementEvent'' that manages some activities within an ''AcademicOrganization''
Super-classes	ManagementEvent^c AcademicActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value DirectingAnAgent^c occursAt^op some AcademicOrganization^c
Sub-classes	HigherEducationManagementEvent^c

AcademicOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademicOrganization`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$EducationalOrganizations whose educators consist of #$AcademicProfessionals. For example, #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12, and #$HigherEducationInstitution are subcollections of #$AcademicOrganization , whereas dance studios and figure skating schools are not, even though the latter have employees who educate others. Assertions about #$AcademicOrganizations should be made in the #$AcademicLifeMt.
Super-classes	EducationalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	HigherEducationInstitution^c AcademicSubdivision^c EducationalSystem^c AcademicDepartment^c

AcademicProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademicProfessional`
Description	A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$AcademicProfessional is a person whose job is to educate and/or perform research as an affiliate of an academic institution. This includes members of the teaching and/or research staffs of schools, colleges, universities, and research institutes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academic' in WordNet: 1. (2) academician, academic, faculty member - (an educator who works at a college or university)`
Super-classes	Educator^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value AcademicOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Professor^c

AcademicSubdivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademicSubdivision`
Description	An ''AcademicSubdivision'' is any subdivision of an ''AcademicOrganization'' such as a ''Department'', or some grouping of Departments, such as a 'school of' within a large University.
Super-classes	AcademicOrganization^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value AcademicOrganization^c

Academically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Academically

Description

''Academically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Attributes to specify that it is to be interpreted as referring to ''Academic'' things, or Actions to specify that the assertion is to be interpreted as referring to schools and teaching.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'academically' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) academically - (in regard to academic matters; 'academically, this is a good school')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Academy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Academy

Description

An ''Academy'' is traditionally a private school at the intermediate level prior to ollege,4 tyears or sometimes more. The term has been adopted for some private shools at lower grades.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academy' in WordNet:
        1. (5) academy - (a secondary school (usually private))

Super-classes FourYearSchool^c
SecondarySchool^c

AcademyAward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademyAward`
Description	A specialization of #$AwardPractice. Each instance of #$AcademyAward is given by the #$AcademyOfMotionPictureArtsAndSciences. Note that the award is an intangible. Multiple Oscar statuettes may be given for one award, when there are collaborators, or on the rare occasions of a tie. `This is the abstract award. The physical 'Oscar' would be a different type, but is not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Academy Award' in WordNet: 1. Academy Award, Oscar - (an annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievements in motion picture production and performance)`
Super-classes	HonorAward^c
Restrictions	wasAssignedByAuthority^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademyOfMotionPictureArtsAndSciences^c

Accelerated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accelerated`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accelerated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) accelerated, speeded up - (caused to go more rapidly)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Acceleration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acceleration`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which the speed of something is increased, due to the effect of some ''PhysicalForce'' (F=ma). This is only for increases in speed (relative to something); the more general increase of rate (of any process) is represented by the parent ''RateIncrease'') - the CYC entry is for any change of speed: #$Accelerating-Translational occurs whenever #$velocityOfObject changes, e.g. speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction of translation. This type includes both intransitive and transitive senses, which can be discriminated when needed. @ToDo: A parent of the CYC type could be included to encompass both acceleration and deceleration. @ToDo: relate this to 'faster' (needs to be created) by relation ''hasComparativeAttribute''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet: 2. (2) acceleration, quickening, speedup - (the act of accelerating; increasing the speed) WN verb'accelerate': 1. (11) accelerate, speed up, speed, quicken - (move faster; 'The car accelerated') 2. (1) accelerate, speed, speed up - (cause to move faster; 'He accelerated the car')
Super-classes	RateIncrease^c Movement-TranslationProcess^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value PhysicalForce^c causesIncreaseIn^op value Speed^c
Sub-classes	AccelerationOfaVehicle^c JerkingMotion^c

AccelerationOfaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccelerationOfaVehicle`
Description	This is a subtype of ''RateIncrease'' in which the object that becomes faster is a vehicle (i.e. a ''TransportationDevice-Vehicle''). `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet, specific for vehicles: in WordNet: 3. (1) acceleration - ((physics) a rate of increase of velocity)`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c ChangingDeviceState^c Acceleration^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c subjectBecomes^op value Faster^c

AccelerationRate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccelerationRate

Description

This is a quantitative attribute, the value of the acceleration at any given instant.

         CYC: Acceleration is the change in speed of an object
        per unit time.  It is a measurable physical quantity,
        measured in units such as MilesPerHourPerSecond.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet:
          3. (1) acceleration - ((physics) a rate of increase of velocity)

Super-classes RateMeasure^c

Accent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accent

Description

An ''Accent'' is a 'PronunciationManner' in which a person speaks in some way differently from the 'standard' pronunciation (these days what one hears most native-born anchors and commentators use in broadcasts in ther own native countries), suggesting that the person speaking grew up in a foregn country or some minority region having a disinctive speaking pattern (such as the US south).

         Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'accent' in WordNet:
           1. (5) accent, speech pattern - (distinctive manner of oral expression; 
              'he couldn't suppress his contemptuous accent'; 'she had a very clear speech pattern')

Super-classes PronunciationManner^c

Accented^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accented

Description

''Accented'' is an attribute of parts of linguistic strings such as syllables or vowels that have an accent mark. This is for abstract or physical text. This attribute is symbolized by some ''TextMarking'' such as a ''Breve''.

     NOTE that this is for the text - for 'stressed' spoken words use 'Stressed''

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'accented' in Wordnet:
         1. tonic, accented - (used of syllables; "a tonic syllables carries the main stress in a word")
         2. stressed, accented - (bearing a stress or accent;
           'an iambic foot consists of an unstressed syllable followed by
           a stressed syllable as in 'delay'')

Super-classes Marked^c

Acceptable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acceptable`
Description	The property of being satisfactory to an Agent for a purpose, reflecting the Agent's judgment that it will serve some purpose. This is an Evaluative (judgmental) attribute. Includes all four senses of adjective 'acceptable' in WordNet: 1. (2) acceptable - (worthy of acceptance or satisfactory; 'acceptable levels of radiation'; 'performances varied from acceptable to excellent') 2. acceptable, accepted - (judged to be in conformity with approved usage; 'acceptable English usage') 3. satisfactory, acceptable - (meeting requirements; 'the step makes a satisfactory seat') 4. acceptable - (adequate for the purpose; 'the water was acceptable for drinking') WN adj 'adequate': 1. (17) adequate - ((sometimes followed by 'to') meeting the requirements especially of a task; 'she had adequate training'; 'her training was adequate'; 'she was adequate to the job')
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c Satisfactory^c
Sub-classes	Suitable^c Valid^c Legitimate^c

Acceptance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acceptance`
Description	An Action in which one IntelligentAgent accepts an offer made by another IntelligentAgent. The acceptance creates an Agreement, which is not necessarily formal and does not necessarily create a legal contract but includes that legal 'aceptance' as a subtype.. The restriction requires that the 'Offering' action inducing the ''Acceptance'' be specified. Linguistically this Action may be realized by phrases like: 'X agreed to do A' 'X accepted Tom's offer' 'X told Tom he would do what he suggested'. In Cyc named 'Accept'. Cyc: This is the illocutionary force associated with communication acts of acceptance. Includes parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'accept' and senses 4 and 7 of noun 'acceptance' in WordNet: 2. (33) accept, take, have - (receive willingly something given or offered; 'The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter'; 'I won't have this dog in my house!'; 'Please accept my present') 3. (17) accept, consent, go for - (give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to; 'I cannot accept your invitation'; 'I go for this resolution') WN noun 'acceptance': 4. (1) acceptance - ((contract law) words signifying consent to the terms of an offer (thereby creating a contract)) 7. acceptance - (the act of taking something that is offered; 'her acceptance of the gift encouraged him'; 'he anticipated their acceptance of his offer')
Super-classes	Accepting^c Benefiting^c AcceptingSomething^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some (Offering^c or ActionType^c or Offering^c or ActionType^c) mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op some (Offering^c or ActionType^c or Offering^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Ratifying^c IncurringaFee^c IncurringaDebt^c AdmittingToMembership^c MakingAnAgreement^c

Accepted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accepted`
Description	''Accepted'' is a broad attribute characterizing something (an offer,a communication, a suggestion, a group practice such as a Custom) that is not rejected, but taken as being something useful for the person doing the ''Accepting''. Different subtypes might be distinguishable, and would be labeled by some different name. See ''Established''. See also subtype ''AcceptedAsTrue'' for some degree of differentiation of the senses. Includes all 6 adjective sense 1 of 'accepted' (but some are represented more specifically as subattributes) in Wordnet: 1. (3) accepted, recognized, recognised - (generally approved or compelling recognition; 'several accepted techniques for treating the condition'; 'his recognized superiority in this kind of work') 3. (1) accepted - (generally accepted or used; 'accepted methods of harmony and melody'; 'three accepted types of pump') 4. acceptable, accepted - (judged to be in conformity with approved usage; 'acceptable English usage') 5. accepted - (widely or permanently accepted; 'an accepted precedent')
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	AcceptedAsTrue^c Constituted^c LongEstablished^c

AcceptedAsTrue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcceptedAsTrue`
Description	''AcceptedAsTrue'' is a subattribute of ''Accepted'' characterizing propositions or assertions the truth of which are believed by the Person 'accepting' them. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accepted' in Wordnet: 2. (2) accepted, undisputed, unchallenged, unquestioned - (generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute; 'the accepted interpretation of the poem'; 'an accepted theory'; 'the undisputed fact') 6. accepted, received - (widely accepted as true or worthy; 'the accepted wisdom about old age'; 'a received moral idea'; 'Received political wisdom says not; surveys show otherwise'- Economist)`
Super-classes	Accepted^c
Sub-classes	EstablishedAsFact^c Granted^c

Accepting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accepting`
Description	This is the broadest sense of 'accept' in which one agent responds positively to a communication from another agent. This contrasts with 'Rejecting' (@ToDo) `CYC: ('Accepting-CommunicationAct'): An acknowledgement in which the performer affirms what was communicated to them in a prior communication. Subtypes include: ''Approval-CommunicationAct'' ApprovingARequest Affirming Agreeing Acceptance (Making an agreement - creates a contract) Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'accept' in WordNet: 3. (17) accept, consent, go for - (give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to; 'I cannot accept your invitation'; 'I go for this resolution')`
Super-classes	Acknowledging^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Positive^c isTheResultOf^op value Inquiring^c mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op value Inquiring^c isAnAlternativeTo^op value Rejecting^c wasaResponseToEvent^op some (Offering^c or Advising^c or AssertingEvent^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Approval-CommunicationAct^c Acceptance^c AdoptingaPractice^c UsingAnOpportunity^c Yielding^c

AcceptingPayments^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcceptingPayments`
Description	''AcceptingPayments'' is an ''AcceptingSomething'' in which the Thing accepted is a payment for goods or services. This is commonly performed by ''Cashier'' at the check-out counter where the cash register is, in almost any kind of ''RetailStore'', but this applies to any place where accepting legal payments is one of the regular functions, such as at the Tax Office at City Hall where tax paments are made. `This can also be used for accepting payments over the telephone, but the Person doing that accepting is not a ''Cashier''. That variant should be a subtype. More detail would be useful to distinguish the various ways payments can be made and accepted.`
Super-classes	AcceptingSomething^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op value PaymentAmount^c occursAt^op value RetailStore^c

AcceptingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcceptingSomething`
Description	''AcceptingSomething'' is a ''PurposefulAction'' in which an Agent intentionally 'acquires' something - physical or abstract - but this ''Development'' does not necessarily lead to physical possession or ownership, as the accepting party may 'accept' a responsibility or obligation or right or honor or opportunity. This also does not require that the thing 'accepted' was actually offered by another agent - it could just be 'there for the taking. For accepting an offer, use ''Acceptance''. In WN there is a sense of 'take in' that includes this as a limiting case (a subtype) of 'taking in' indefinitely: (= 'receive' sense 5) in WordNet: 7. (1) receive, take in, invite - (express willingness to have in one's home or environs; 'The community warmly received the refugees') WN sense 2 of 'take on' might be a subtype but is included here: 2. (6) assume, adopt, take on, take over - (take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities; 'When will the new President assume office?') WN senses of 'accept' all seem to imply a prior offer - that is not the intention here. WN See 'acceptance' for that sense. WN Corresponds approximately to verb sense 5 of 'receive' in WN - WN verb 'receive': 5. (16) receive, take in, invite - (express willingness to have in one's home or environs; 'The community warmly received the refugees') WN verb 'take on': 2. (6) assume, adopt, take on, take over - (take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities; 'When will the new President assume office?')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c GainingControl^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op some (AttributeValue^c or AttributeValueType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or SubstanceType^c or PersistentState^c or EventType^c or Account^c or AccountType^c)
Sub-classes	AdoptingaFamilyMember^c AcceptingPayments^c Acceptance^c

Accessible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accessible

Description

'Accessible'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of Objects and locations that can be 'reached' to which there is some ''AccessiblePath'' .

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accessible' in WordNet:
           1. accessible - (capable of being reached; 'a town accessible by rail')

Super-classes Available^c

AccessiblePath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccessiblePath`
Description	A Path is an ''AccessiblePath'' if it can be traversed by a Person on foot or in a road vehicle, and is not blocked by people prohibiting access. The 'AccessiblePath'' should be within walking distance of the object to which it provides access (pointed to by the relation ''isAdjacentTo''), otherwise the meaning would be too vague. `@ToDo1295: This concept needs more detail to properly formalize. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'access' in WordNet: 3. (2) access, approach - (a way of entering or leaving; 'he took a wrong turn on the access to the bridge')`
Super-classes	Path-Physical^c Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some LocationType^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Accessible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Open^c

AccessingAnIBT^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccessingAnIBT`
Description	A specialization of both #$InformationTransferEvent and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$AccessingAnIBT is an action by which an agent accesses the content of some instance(s) of #$InformationBearingThing. Examples include (getting information from) reading a newspaper, watching a film, listening to a musical performance, decoding an encrypted message, seeing a traffic police officer wave one on, or hearing one's roommate ask one to take out the trash.
Super-classes	Action^c TransferIn^c InformationTransferEvent^c
Sub-classes	AccessingaConceptualWork^c Reading^c Overhearing^c Listening^c

AccessingaConceptualWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccessingaConceptualWork`
Description	Gaining access to the conceptual content of a ''ConceptualWork'', which could be represented in any form or located in any medium that can hold a representation of the abstract content of a ''ConceptualWork''. This is for 'accessing' information without removing the source from its location. `Includes but is not restricted to verb sense 1 of 'access' and verb sense 1 of 'obtain' in WordNet: 1. access - (obtain or retrieve from a storage device; as of information on a computer) WN verb 'obtain': 1. (118) obtain - (come into possession of; 'How did you obtain the visa?')`
Super-classes	AccessingAnIBT^c Obtaining^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some InformationObject^c

Accident^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accident`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$Accident is an event in which something unplanned and unintended happens. Example instances of this collection are #$ChernobylAccident and #$ColumbiaAccident. An Accident may cause an AccidentalDeath. `NOTE: this can be caused by pure chance,or may be ''Inadvertent'', due to lack of foresight. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accident' in WordNet: 1. (8) accident - (a mishap; especially one causing injury or death)`
Super-classes	Mishap^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adventitious^c
Sub-classes	HarmfulAccident^c ShipwreckEvent^c

AccidentalDeath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccidentalDeath`
Description	'AccidentalDeath' is a BeingKilled caused by an Accident where an organism dies due to some Event that is not a Killing (i.e. intentional Killing), and is not a NaturalDeath.
Super-classes	BeingKilled^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some Accident^c

Accidentally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accidentally`
Description	''Accidentally'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes a ''HumanActivity'' that has salient (to people) effects that were not part of the plans of any of the participants (one or more). `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'accidentally' in Wordnet: 1. (1) by chance, accidentally, circumstantially, unexpectedly - (without advance planning; 'they met accidentally')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Unintentionally^c

Acclaim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acclaim`
Description	''Acclaim'' is a 'PraiseText' widely shared and agreed on by numerous people, signifying approval for some accomplishment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acclaim' in WordNet: 1. acclaim, acclamation, plaudits, plaudit, eclat - (enthusiastic approval; 'the book met with modest acclaim'; 'he acknowledged the plaudits of the crowd'; 'they gave him more eclat than he really deserved')`
Super-classes	PraiseText^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Widespread^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c

Acclaimed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acclaimed`
Description	`Adj. 'acclaimed' not in WN.`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Acclaiming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acclaiming`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acclaim' in WordNet: 1. (3) acclaim, hail, herald - (praise vociferously; 'The critics hailed the young pianist as a new Rubinstein')`
Super-classes	Applauding^c

AccompaniedEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccompaniedEvent`
Description	An ''AccompaniedEvent'' is an Event that is one part of an ''ActionWithAccompaniment'' that includes a co-occurring ''Accompaniment''. `This term is not usually used other than as a concept that is needed to express the meaning of 'accompaniment'. Each ''AccompaniedEvent'' will typically be identified by whatever other parent type(s) it is a instance of.`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value ActionWithAccompaniment^c co-occurredWith^op value Accompaniment^c

Accompanier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accompanier`
Description	''Accompanier'' is a specialized Role of one or more People (a ''GroupOfPeople'') who is/are an Acquaintance(s) (of any length of duration, even minutes after an introduction) who accompanies a Person while ''DoingThingsTogether'' Two people travelling together could both be ''Accompanier''s unless there is some special arrangement, as when one is minor or disabled or prefers not to travel alone or needs special help, in which case one would be the subject ''Accompanier'' the the other would be the object of the ''AccompanyingaPerson'' Action. A musical ''accompanist' is another specialization not yet (Rev1337) included. For someone who accompanies another more than once, over more than a brief one-time event (such as serving as a tour guide), use the subtype ''Companion''.
Super-classes	Acquaintance^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AccompanyingaPerson^c
Sub-classes	Entourage^c Companion^c

Accompaniment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accompaniment`
Description	An ''Accompaniment'' is an Action that occurs together with an ''AccompaniedEvent'', the two Events having some relation to each other. The 'AccompaniedEvent'' is typically the primary Event of interest, in an ''ActionWithAccompaniment'', and might occur even in the absence of an ''Accompaniment''. For example, a 'Tour' could occur by itself with one or more people, and it could also occur as a ''AccompaniedEvent'' with a ''TourGuide'' performing a ''Accompaniment'', the two Actions together comprising an ''ActionWithAccompaniment''. An ''Accompaniment'' is often part of a ''MusicalPerformance'', whether in a small group, with an Orchestra, or with a singins group (the 'backup singers' would be the ''Accompaniment''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accompaniment' in WordNet: 1. (1) accompaniment, concomitant, attendant, co-occurrence - (an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another)`
Super-classes	Event^c Coinciding^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op value AccompaniedEvent^c isaComponentElementOf^op value ActionWithAccompaniment^c

Accompanying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accompanying

Description

''Accompanying'' is a subattribute of ''Resulting'' characterizing Events that were the result of some Action but were not the main intended purpose of the Action; however, the ''Accompanying'' Result is not necessarily ''Unintended'', it may only be a side-effect with some positive values. usually, it is unintended and unwanted.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accompanying' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) accompanying, attendant, concomitant, incidental, incidental to -
            (following as a consequence; 'an excessive growth of bureaucracy, with attendant problems';
            'snags incidental to the changeover in management')

Super-classes Resulting^c

AccompanyingOnaTrip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccompanyingOnaTrip`
Description	''AccompanyingOnaTrip'' is an ''AccompanyingaPerson'' while both People take a trip. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'accompany' in WordNet: 2. (8) accompany - (go or travel along with; 'The nurse accompanied the old lady everywhere')`
Super-classes	TakingaTrip^c AccompanyingaPerson^c
Sub-classes	Escorting^c

AccompanyingResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccompanyingResult`
Description	An ''AccompanyingResult'' is a ''GoalSituation'' that is a result of some ''PurposefulAction'', but is not one of the main motivating ''IntendedResult''s NOTE: This is not the primary ''IntendedResult'', and may be expected or unexpected, or unwanted or merely tolerated (as an unavoidable ''SideEffect'') An unwanted ''AccopanyingResult'' is represented as the subtype ''SideEffect''.
Super-classes	Result^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op value PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	SideEffect^c

AccompanyingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccompanyingaPerson`
Description	''AccompanyingaPerson'' is the Action that is performed by one (or more) member of a ''GroupOfPeople'' who are ''DoingThingsTogether'' with one (or more) other People.. The Person doing the accompanying can be one or more people, and the ''GroupOfPople'' being accompanied can be one or more people. This sense of 'accompany' can be any kind of Action - travelling, singing, working, reading, whatever. This type does not distinguish a leader of a group from other in the group. That would be a specialization, as would 'accompanying' in music. People ''WorkingTogether' would be ''AccompanyingaPerson'' only if they are working together in the same location on the same task. `NOTE that in COSMO a ''GroupOfPeople'' can be one Person.` ~@ToDo: One specialization would be a tour guide who accompanies a tour group. The subtype would be e.g. 'guiding a tour group' `This is generic - the distinguishable WN subsenses can be added as needed. Includes verb senses 3, and 4 of 'accompany' in WordNet: 3. (3) play along, accompany, follow - (perform an accompaniment to; 'The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano') 4. (1) company, companion, accompany, keep company - (be a companion to somebody)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c EngagingInAnActivity^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some DoingThingsTogether^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Accompanier^c or Person^c or RoleType^c)
Sub-classes	Escorting^c Marriage^c AccompanyingOnaTrip^c

Accomplice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accomplice`
Description	An ''Accomplice''is a ''Helper'' who helps another Person perform some unethical or illegal Action. For an ''Accomplice'' in a specifically Illegal Action,use subtype ''Henchman''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accomplice' in WordNet: 1. (1) accomplice, confederate - (a person who joins with another in carrying out some plan (especially an unethical or illegal plan))`
Super-classes	Helper^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value UnethicalAction^c
Sub-classes	Henchman^c

Accomplished^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accomplished

Description

This sense of ''Accomplished'' is an attribute of people who are ''Skilled'' and experienced (included in ''Skilled'') and have some notable 'Accomplishments'. This is a higher level of ''Skilled''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accomplished' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) accomplished, complete - (highly skilled; 'an accomplished pianist'; 
             'a complete musician')

Super-classes Skillful^c
Skilled^c

Accomplishment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accomplishment`
Description	This sense of ''Accomplishment'' represents a ''SuccessfulAction'' that demonstrates that the Person performing it has a high level of skill, i.e. is an ''Acccomplished'' ''Virtuoso''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accomplishment' in WordNet: 1. (7) accomplishment, achievement - (the action of accomplishing something)`
Super-classes	SuccessfulAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Virtuoso^c exhibitsQuality^op value Expertise^c

Accordion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accordion

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accordion' in WordNet:
         1. accordion, piano accordion, squeeze box - 
            (a portable box-shaped free-reed instrument; the reeds are made
             to vibrate by air from the bellows controlled by the player)

Super-classes Free-ReedInstrument^c

Accosting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accosting`
Description	''Accosting'' combines one Person approaching another, with the moving Person then addressing the one approached. The 'speaking' part of this action usually includes a ''Greeting'' but not necessarily. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'accost' in WordNet: 1. (4) address, accost, come up to - (speak to someone)`
Super-classes	Speaking^c Approaching^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c isInTheDirectionOf^op value Person^c

Account^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Account`
Description	COSMO: Account is a broad category including Bank accounts, insurance accounts, stock broker accounts, and in general any legal agreement between two or more parties regarding the handling of money or some fungible equivalent, which may exist or come into existence based on some contingency (as with an insurance account). An organization or part of an Organization may also maintain an account for another group or part of the same organization. In some cases, money is simply held by one party to be disbursed at the direction of another party, and that agreement is also an Account. Since money or its fungible equivalent can be withdrawn from an Account, it is a subclass of 'Source' - i.e. it is a source of Money. Each Account is a MoneyObject, and has some value in some currency at any given time. Insurance accounts present a special nuance: if they depend on a contingency such as death, their value while the subject is alive is zero, but if the subject dies, their value goes up to the value of the policy. NOTE: Because 'Account' is a high-level category in some taxonomies, it is (superfluously) directly connected to 'owl:Thing' for easy discovery by those familiar with such classifications. Since the superflous parent ''Thing'' is semantically vacuous, this is superfluous but harmless. The monetary value of an Account is related by the ''hasMonetaryValue'' relation. @ToDo: is this the same as 'account balance'?? Cyc: An instance of #$ObjectType and a specialization of #$LegalAgreement. Each instance of #$Account is a recorded obligation (of some particular type) between specified parties, consisting of funds (not necessarily monetary funds) which typically can be added to and drawn upon. Positive examples include instances of #$RetirementAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount, and of the many types of #$FinancialAccount. Note that the contents of an account need not be monetary; for example, the contents may be amounts of time, as in the specializations #$VacationAccount and #$SickLeaveAccount. #$Account does not include debt obligations of fixed face value that cannot be increased or reduced (such as instances of #$Bond-Agreement). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'account' in WordNet: 1. (564) account, business relationship - (a formal contractual relationship established to provide for regular banking or brokerage or business services; 'he asked to see the executive who handled his account')
Super-classes	owl:Thing^c TwoAgentAgreement^c Supply^c MoneyObject^c AuthorizedAgreement^c AbstractObject^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Money^c isProducedByEventType^op value OpeningAnAccount^c
Sub-classes	InsuranceAgreement^c TrustAccount^c LineOfCredit^c FinancialAccount^c

AccountBalance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccountBalance`
Description	An ''AccountBalance'' is a ''MoneyMeasure'' that is a measure of a quantity of money in some currency that represents the net value of the money in a ''FinancialAccount''. CYC NOTE: in CYC '#$accountBalance' is a property rather than a .measurable quantity'. The reference to CYC is therefore cross- relational and not direct. The predicate #$accountBalance is used to indicate the balance of a particular account. (#$accountBalance ACCT BAL) means that the #$FinancialAccount ACCT has the balance BAL; BAL is the amount of #$MonetaryValue either owed by, or available to, the #$accountHolder (depending upon the type of account). NOTE: if the credts and ebits have the sametotal, this is called 'balance' in WordNet sense 3. Not sure where that goes. 3. (3) balance - (equality between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account) Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'balance' in WordNet: 7. balance - (the difference between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account)
Super-classes	MoneyMeasure^c
Restrictions	isTheMonetaryValueOf^op some FinancialAccount^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GCB-PC-BAL10171122

AccountType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccountType`
Description	'AccountType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'ObjectType' and ''LocationType''; it can serve as type for any of various kinds of 'Account's, and for relations that reference ''Acount''s.. `to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	LocationType^c ValuableThingType^c ObjectType^c
Members	BankAccount SavingsAccount CheckingAccount CreditCardAccount FinancialAccount Account

Accountability^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accountability

Description

''Accountability'' is a form of ''Responsibility'' in which the 'accountable' person is the one most likely to face bad consequences for failure of performance as required; the one who has to 'account for' any problems. 'the responsible party'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accountability' in WordNet:
         1. accountability, answerability, answerableness -
            (responsibility to someone or for some activity)

Super-classes Responsibleness^c

Accountable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accountable

Description

''Accountable'' is a subtype of ''Responsible'' indicating that the Agent characterized has an 'obligation' to perform some Action to fulfill that responsibility.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accountable' and sense 2 of 'answerable' in Wordnet:
      1. accountable - (liable to account for one's actions; 'governments must be accountable 
        to someone beside themselves'; 'fully accountable for what they did';
        'the court held the parents answerable for their minor child's acts of vandalism'; 
        'he was answerable to no one')
     WN adj 'answerable': 
      2. answerable - (morally or legally responsible to a higher authority;
            'parents are answerable for their child's acts')

Super-classes Obligated^c
ResponsibleForAnAction^c

Accountant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accountant`
Description	CYC: The collection of persons who prepare and interpret the financial records of a person or organization. `SUMO: The Profession of being an Accountant. NOTE that ''Comptroller'' (an auditor who is called the 'comptroller') is broken out as a subtype. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'accountant' in WordNet: 1. (1) accountant, comptroller, controller - (someone who maintains and audits business accounts)`
Super-classes	DeskWorker^c Licensed-Professional^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Accounting^c
Sub-classes	Comptroller^c Auditor^c Bookkeeper^c

Accounting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accounting`
Description	''Accounting'' is the ''Occupation'' of a professional 'accountant' or subtype 'bookkeeper', who keeps and organizes records of financial transactions for some person or Organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'accounting' in WordNet: 3. (1) accountancy, accounting - (the occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business)`
Super-classes	Profession^c Occupation^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Accountant^c hasTopic^op value Overhead^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value Accountant^c isTheOccupationOfA^op value Accountant^c
Sub-classes	Bookkeeping^c

AccountingClerk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccountingClerk`
Description	accounting dept clerical worker.
Super-classes	ClericalWorker^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value AccountingSystem^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Accounting^c

AccountingFirm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccountingFirm`
Description	Commercial organizations which perform financial accounting services for their clients/customers.
Super-classes	PrivateSectorOrganization^c CommercialServiceOrganization^c FinancialOrganization^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value AccountingSystem^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Accounting^c

AccountingRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccountingRecord`
Description	An ''AccountingRecord'' is a ''Register'' recording information pertaining to financial transactions within some organization. This may be used for internal record-keeping or to satisfy legal requirements. Created by 'bookkeeping' methods. CYC 'ledger': The book associated with an account in which the transactions that affect that account are recorded. "MoneyTransaction" "financialtransaction" NOTE: the WN gloss on sense 4 of ''accounting' says: 4. accounting, accounting system, method of accounting - (a bookkeeper's chronological list of related debits and credits of a business; forms part of a ledger of accounts) The 'chronological record' seems to be the same intended meaning as WN 'account book' - unclear about why the dissonance. The WN sense 4 of 'accounting' will be interpreted in part as the same meaning as this type - the 'account books'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'account book' in WordNet: 1. ledger, leger, account book, book of account, book - (a record in which commercial accounts are recorded; 'they got a subpoena to examine our books')
Super-classes	Register^c OfficialDocument^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value List^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value MoneyTransaction^c

AccountingSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccountingSystem`
Description	A ''AccountingSystem'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' that specify how to record and calculate financial information such as income and expenditures, profit and loss. It can also be viewed as a ''SocialScience'' that studies the most appropriate way (for various purposes) of how to create and enforce such rules. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'accounting' in WordNet: 2. (1) accounting - (a system that provides quantitative information about finances)`
Super-classes	SystemOfRules^c SocialScience^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Accounting^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value Accountant^c hasTopic^op value Finance^c

Accreditation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accreditation`
Description	An 'Accreditation'' is an ''Authorization'' that is granted by an ''Authority'' in an ''Accrediting'' Action. This is usually performed by governments or government-authorized institutions,such as educational institutions or professional organizations that can grant licenses. CYC: A collection of abstract (intangible) objects consisting of information; a subset of #$Credential. Each element of #$Accreditation is a credential, issued to an organization by the appropriate authority, that declares the issuer's approval of the quality of the recipient's activities. For example, accreditation of an educational organization to offer a kind of degree or training; or accreditation of a hospital to offer medical services. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accreditation' in WordNet: 1. (7) accreditation - (the act of granting credit or recognition (especially with respect to educational institution that maintains suitable standards); 'a commission is responsible for the accreditation of medical schools')
Super-classes	Credential^c Authorization^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Accrediting^c

Accrediting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accrediting`
Description	'Accrediting'' is a form of ''Authorizing'' in which one IntelligentAgent in Authority provides a second agent with some kind of formal 'credit' asserting that the second agent has authorization to do something or qualifications to perform some activity, or has completed some course of instruction. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'accredit' in WordNet: 1. (2) accredit, recognize, recognise - (grant credentials to; 'The Regents officially recognized the new educational institution'; 'recognize an academic degree') WN verb 'certify': 3. (2) license, licence, certify - (authorize officially; 'I am licensed to practice law in this state')`
Super-classes	Authorizing^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Accreditation^c
Sub-classes	IssuingaLicense^c

Accreting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accreting`
Description	''Accreting'' is an Action in which something (Physical or Abstract) increases in some particular place or situation by a gradual process. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'accrete' in WordNet: 2. accrete - (grow or become attached by accretion; 'The story accreted emotion')`
Super-classes	ComingTogether^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cumulative^c produces^op value Accumulation^c
Sub-classes	Accretion^c

Accretion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accretion`
Description	An ''Accretion'' is an increase in some number or Volume of some object(s) in a defined Location. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accretion' in WordNet: 1. (2) accretion, accumulation - (an increase by natural growth or addition)`
Super-classes	IncreaseInaQuantity^c Accreting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cumulative^c
Sub-classes	Buildup^c

Accruing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accruing`
Description	''Accruing'' is a form of 'Obtaining' that is not the result of an Action on the part of the Person reciving the thing, such as an inheritance. `The quote in the WN gloss indicates that this can be used in an intransitive sense, with the possession doig the 'accruing', but the definition indicates that it can be usd in a transitive sense, with the Person receiving the possession doing the accruing. This needs to be disambiguated by multiple examples. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'accrue' in WordNet: 2. accrue, fall - (come into the possession of; 'The house accrued to the oldest son')`
Super-classes	Obtaining^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

AccruingByAddition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccruingByAddition`
Description	''AccruingByAddition'' is a ''IncreaseEvent'' in which some quantity of something increase by addition of more of that something to an existing quantity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'accrue' in WordNet: 1. (2) accrue - (grow by addition; 'The interest accrues')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value AddingEvent^c

Acculturating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acculturating`
Description	''Acculturating'' is ''Assimilating'' by learning and adjusting to a new 'culture', and mimicking (at least some of, in public) the practices of the established local culture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acculturate' in WordNet: 1. (1) acculturate - (assimilate culturally) WN noun 'acculturation': 1. (1) socialization, socialisation, acculturation, enculturation - (the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture; 'the socialization of children to the norms of their culture')`
Super-classes	Assimilating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Newcomer^c

Accumulated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accumulated

Description

''Accumulated''is the general attribute for Groups of things that have been brought together by an ''AccumulatingSomething'' Action. this can apply to natural processes as well as intentional Actions.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accumulated' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) accumulated, amassed, assembled, collected, congregate, massed -
            (brought together into a group or crowd; 'the accumulated letters in my office')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

AccumulatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccumulatingSomething`
Description	This is the transitive sense of 'accumulate', an Action that causes the ''Accreting'' of something.. The sense in which the accumulating process is driven by natral forces is represented by ''BuildingUpAnAccumulation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accumulate' in WordNet: 1. (4) roll up, collect, accumulate, pile up, amass, compile, hoard - (get or gather together; 'I am accumulating evidence for the man's unfaithfulness to his wife'; 'She is amassing a lot of data for her thesis'; 'She rolled up a small fortune')`
Super-classes	Collecting^c CausingAnIncrease^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Accumulated^c causes^op value Accreting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cumulative^c
Sub-classes	BuildingUpAnAccumulation^c

Accumulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accumulation`
Description	An ''Accumulation'' is a ''Group'' of Objects produced by any of various Events that cause things to come together as a Group, including ''ComingTogether'' Event or ''Collecting'' Action, or ''Gathering'' or ''AccumulatingSomething'' or ''BuildingUpAnAccumulation''.. This can be abstract objects, or more commonly ''PhysicalObject''s NOTE: for an ''Accumulation'' that is intentionally brought together by an act of collecting and organized, for display,use subtype ''Collection''. If randomly arranged, it is an ''Agglomeration''. This is any Group of objects that have been brought together for any purpose, and can include a container that holds those objects - the container can be a room or part of a room (such as a shelf). However, a 'set' that is the site of an ''EntertainmentPerformance'' is represented as a ''StageOrSet''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'accumulation' in WordNet: 2. (1) collection, aggregation, accumulation, assemblage - (several things grouped together or considered as a whole)
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb238^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cumulative^c
Sub-classes	Crop^c Agglomeration^c Collection^c

Accurate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accurate`
Description	Conforming closely to the actual state of the world (or context) that has been measured by instrument or estimated by observation, or to the result intended for some ''PurposefulAction''. For 'accurate' images or recordings, meaning conforming closely in visual or audio character to the thing depicted or recorded, use ''Exact''.. NOTE the distinction between ''Precise'' and ''Accurate''. ''Precise'' can be an attribute of a measurement or of a ''MeasuringDevice'', indicating that the measurements are reproducible within the expected or designed error tolerance of the instrument. ''Accurate'', however, means that the measurement actually conforms to the real state of the World situation being measured, within the expected range of error. Thus one may have very ''Precise'' measurement of, say, a length, reproducible within small error range, but if the measuring device is not properly calibrated, those ''Precise''measurements may deviate significantly from the actual values, which might be obtained by use of a properly calibrated instrument. In general, instruments designed for precision measurements will be properly calibrated and will give accurate values. But this distinction is sometimes necessary. For instruments that perform exact measurement, use 'Precise'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accurate' in WordNet: 1. (14) accurate - (conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy; 'an accurate reproduction'; 'the accounting was accurate'; 'accurate measurements'; 'an accurate scale')
Super-classes	Conforming^c Good^c
Sub-classes	HighlyAccurate^c SurgicallyPrecise^c

Accurately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accurately

Description

''Accurately'' is an AdverbialModifier that describes an action that achieves its intended result with accuracy or 'precision'. This includes measurements as well as verbal statements that precisely describe a situation

       Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'accurately' in Wordnet:
          1. (8) accurately - (with few mistakes; 'he works very accurately')
          2. (5) accurately - (strictly correctly; 'repeated the order accurately')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Accusation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accusation`
Description	Each ''Accusation'' is a 'Criticism' (a 'LinguisticAssertion') that represents the propositional content of an 'Accusing' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'accusation' in WordNet: 2. accusation, charge - (an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence; 'the newspaper published charges that Jones was guilty of drunken driving')`
Super-classes	Criticism^c BadThing^c Allegation^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (Fault^c or Crime^c or EvilDeed^c or Wrongdoing^c or ActionType^c or PersonType^c or Accused^c) isBadFor^op only (Fault^c or Crime^c or EvilDeed^c or Wrongdoing^c or ActionType^c or PersonType^c or Accused^c) isProducedByEventType^op value Accusing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Accusatory^c
Sub-classes	LegalAllegation^c

Accusatory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accusatory

Description

''Accusatory'' is an attribute of actions or assertions that assert some fault or crime in some agent Person or Organization.

            Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accusatory' in WordNet:
              1. accusative, accusatory, accusing, accusive - (containing or expressing accusation;
              'an accusitive forefinger'; 'black accusatory looks';
              'accusive shoes and telltale trousers'- O.Henry; 'his accusing glare')

Super-classes Critical^c

Accused^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accused`
Description	An ''Accused'' is a ''Person'' who was accused by another Person of some kind of ''Wrongdoing''.. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'accused' in WordNet: 1. accused - (a defendant in a criminal proceeding)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	wasThePatientInAction^op value Accusing^c
Sub-classes	AccusedCriminal^c

AccusedCriminal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AccusedCriminal

Description

An ''AccusedCriminal'' is a ''Defendant'' in a criminal court case, accused but not yet convicted (so not really a 'criminal', still a ''Suspect'').

      NOTE that there is a CYC relation 'accused' not used in COSMO; if needed, it
         will have a different label.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accused' and part of sense 1 of
           'defendant' (for a criminal case) in WordNet:
          1. accused - (a defendant in a criminal proceeding)
        WN noun 'defendant':
          1. (4) defendant, suspect - (a person or institution against 
            whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused)

Super-classes Suspect^c
Litigant^c
Accused^c

Accuser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accuser`
Description	An ''Accuser'' is a ''Person'' accuses another Person of some kind of ''Wrongdoing''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acccuser' in WordNet: 1. accuser - (someone who imputes guilt or blame)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Accusing^c

Accusing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accusing`
Description	Each '''Accusing'' is a Criticizing' and a ''Blaming'' that communicates an ''Accusation',an assertion that the Person accused is guilty of some fault or ''Wrongdoing'' or other undesirable behavior. This is represented as a subtype of ''HarmingAnAgent'' because the very act of accusing can besmear a person's reputation, which is a harmful thing. See ''Accusation'' for the sorts of things that a Person can be 'accused' of. NOTE that each act of''Accusing'' produces not only the Assertion that is a ''Accusation'' but also an ''Acccused'' - the Person accused acquires that Role, pointed to by the relation 'hasObjectCreated' (the object is a Role, an instance of RoleType). The objects of 'hadAgentHarmed' and 'hadObjectCreated'' (the Role of Accused) refer to the same Person but specifying that will require FOL or additional complications (e.g. 'objectAffectedAcquiresRole'??) Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'accuse' in WordNet: 1. (22) accuse, impeach, incriminate, criminate - (bring an accusation against; level a charge against; 'He charged the man with spousal abuse') 2. charge, accuse - (blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against; 'he charged thee director with indifference') WN noun 'accusation': 1. (3) accusation, accusal - (a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt) WN incrimination': 1. incrimination, inculpation, blame - (an accusation that you are responsible for some lapse or misdeed; 'his incrimination was based on my testimony'; 'the police laid the blame on the driver')
Super-classes	Blaming^c HarmingAnAgent^c Criticizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Accusation^c hasTopic^op some Crime^c hadObjectCreated^op value Accused^c hadAgentHarmed^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Indicting^c FramingaPerson^c Defaming^c

Accustomed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accustomed

Description

''Accustomed'' is the attribute of an animal that experienced some repeated ''ActionSeries'' so that the response to such Actions has been modified to a less intense form or to no response at all,

      NOTE: the WN adjective 'used to' has some overlap with this type, though it
        also has a related meaning of *doing* something out of habit when that
        something is not a ''Responding'' to an Event.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accustomed' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) accustomed - ((often followed by 'to') in the habit of or adapted to;
             'accustomed to doing her own work'; 'I've grown accustomed to her face')
        WN adj 'used to' (part of the meaning):
          1. (14) used to, wont to - (in the habit; 'I am used to hitchhiking'; 
             'you'll get used to the idea'; '...was wont to complain that this 
             is a cold world'- Henry David Thoreau)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Accustoming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Accustoming`
Description	''Habituating'' is a 'Modification' action in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' (People or animals) become accustomed to some Action, usually responding to some external stimulus in a specific manner. A 'Pavlovian response' is one salient example, but this type is general for the effect of any ''ActionSeries'' that eventually causes a learned response, which could be a 'non-response' i.e. the learned response could be to ignore reacting to events that would normally get the attention of a Person. `NOTE: this is the transitive Action of getting some animal 'accustomed' to something by repeated exposure. The intransitive effect of becoming acustomed to something is represented as ''Habituation''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'accustom' in WordNet: 1. (2) habituate, accustom - (make psychologically or physically used (to something); 'She became habituated to the background music')`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Habituation^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Accustomed^c isCausedBy^op value ActionSeries^c hasAffectedEvent^op value Responding^c hadObjectModified^op some Animal^c

Acetate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acetate`
Description	An ''Acetate'' either an organic salt of ''AceticAcid'' that has ''AcetateIon''s as the anions, or an organic substance that has an ''AcetateGroup'' (not the ion) as one of the component ''ChemicalMoiety''s (parts). This is not the anion itself (rename?) `CYC Acetate is a substance formed from instances of #$AceticAcid; it is a salt or an #$Ester. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetate' in WordNet: 1. acetate, ethanoate - (a salt or ester of acetic acid)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value ChlorideIon^c

AcetateGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcetateGroup`
Description	An ''AcetateGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen in the ratio of 2:3;2 (CH3COO)
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoCarbonAtoms^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoOxygenAtoms^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeHydrogenAtoms^c

AcetateIon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcetateIon

Description

An ionic substance each unit object of which is one radical (part of a molecule) that is ''AceticAcid'' without the hydrogen on the carboxyl group. (CH3COO-)

      No WN sense.
        acetate ion

Super-classes Anion^c

AceticAcid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AceticAcid`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetic acid' in Wordnet: 1. acetic acid, ethanoic acid - (a colorless pungent liquid widely used in manufacturing plastics and pharmaceuticals)`
Super-classes	OrganicAcid^c

Acetone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acetone`
Description	C3H6O. #$Acetone is a ketone. It is also known as 'propanone' and it is a common household solvent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetone' in WordNet: 1. (4) acetone, propanone, dimethyl ketone - (the simplest ketone; a highly inflammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent and as material for making plastics)`
Super-classes	Ketone^c VolatileSubstance^c ToxicSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flammable^c

Acetylcholine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acetylcholine`
Description	''Acetylcholine' is a ''Neurochemical'' that helps to regulate ''neurotransmission''. CYC: A kind of #$Neurotransmitter, which serves to relay signals to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. ? use ''supportsFunctioningOf'' RHW: 1. Biochem. the acetic acid ester of choline, C7H17NO3, released and hydrolyzed during nerve conduction and causing muscle action by transmitting nerve impulses across synapses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetylcholine' in WordNet: 1. acetylcholine - (a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems)
Super-classes	Neurotransmitter^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Neurotransmission^c

Acetylene^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acetylene

Description

''Acetylene'' is an ''AliphaticCompound'' that is the simplest 'alkyne' (carbon compound with a triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms), being two ''CarbonAtom''s bound by a triple bond,with a hydrogen on each carbon. The triple bond paks a lot of energy (compressed pure actlene can explode), so when mixed with ''Oxygen'' and burned in an oxy-acetylene torch, it gives an intense hot flame that can melt most substances, and is used in welding

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetylene' in WordNet:
         1. acetylene, ethyne, alkyne - (a colorless flammable gas 
            used chiefly in welding and in organic synthesis)

Super-classes AliphaticCompound^c

Ache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ache`
Description	A dull low-intensity pain that is can be ignored while a person pursues normal activity. This includes most headaches and backaches and the residual pain from injuries that are healing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ache' in WordNet: 1. (2) ache, aching - (a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain)`
Super-classes	PainOrAche^c
Sub-classes	Headache^c Earache^c Backache^c Toothache^c Stomachache^c

Aching^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aching

Description

''Aching'' is an AttributeValue of a ''BodyPart'' in some ''Animal'' that is painful or aching.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aching' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) aching, achy - (causing a dull and steady pain; 'my aching head'; 'her old achy joints')

Super-classes Annoying^c
Unpleasant^c

AchromaticColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AchromaticColor`
Description	An ''AchromaticColor'' is a ''Color'' that is white, black, or gray. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'achromatic color' in WordNet: 1. achromatic color, achromatic colour - (a color lacking hue; white or grey or black)`
Super-classes	Color^c
Sub-classes	GrayColor^c Black^c White^c

Acid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acid`
Description	A substance that can neutralize a basic substance, usually by donating a dissociable proton from the acid to form water or a stable cation - or at least has a dissociable proton that can be donated to a base.. There are special 'acidic' compounds called Lewis Acids that do not donate protons, but can accept electron pairs and are therefore formally categorized as 'acids' by chemists. COSMO includes Lewis Acids in this category. NOTE that the mere donation of a proton (e.g. by a carboxyl group) puts a chemical in this category, even though it may raise the pH of an aqueous solution. This is a property of chemical combination capability, not of pH effects. See AminoAcid for something that is both basic and acidic. Cyc: The collection of all samples of stuff that can be classified as acidic. In SUMO called 'ChemicalAcid' SUMO: A bitter CompoundSubstance that is capable of reacting with a ChemicalBase and forming a ChemicalSalt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acid' in WordNet: 1. (20) acid - (any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt)
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	BoricAcid^c Vinegar^c OrganicAcid^c

AcidType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcidType`
Description	CYC: The collection of all acids. Instances are instances of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies whose instances will react in certain chemically predictable ways with a base (see #$BaseType)
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Members	Aspirin AceticAcid

Acidic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acidic`
Description	`acidic Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of '' in Wordnet: 1. acidic - (being or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a pH of less than 7))`
Super-classes	SubstanceAttributeValue^c

AcidicSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcidicSolution`
Description	An ''AcidicSolution'' is an ''AqueousSolution'' with a sufficient concentration of some 'Acid'' to turn litmus to red.
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Acidic^c

Acknowledged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acknowledged`
Description	''Acknowledged'' is a broad general attribute of ''InformationObject''s : (1) the receipt of which is accepted by some agent to whom that information was transmitted. 'this acknowledges receipt of your letter'; or (2) the veracity of which is accepted by some Person(s). NOTE: these two (or more) senses can probably be differentiated ('admitted' and 'widely known' are different) , but as of rev1653 it is not yet clear how to relate those to other elements in the ontology. @ToDo: what needs to be added?? `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'acknowledged' in Wordnet: 1. acknowledged - (recognized or made known or admitted; "the acknowledged leader of the community"; "a woman of acknowledged accomplishments"; "his acknowledged error") 2. acknowledged - (generally accepted)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Granted^c Recognized^c

Acknowledgement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acknowledgement`
Description	An ''Acknowledgement'' is an Action in which one agent informs a Person, directly or indirectly, that some person's action(s) has been noticed and usually asserts some response to the Action. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'acknowledgement' in WordNet: 2. acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (a statement acknowledging something or someone; 'she must have seen him but she gave no sign of acknowledgment'; 'the preface contained an acknowledgment of those who had helped her')`
Super-classes	SociabilityBasedAction^c Informing^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op value HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	Condolence^c

Acknowledging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acknowledging`
Description	Each ''Acknowledging'' is a ''StatingSomething'' in response to some Action that has occurred recently., A bare 'acknowledgment' in which an agent merely states that s/he takes notice of a statement can use this type. Aditional actions in reponse to an assertion are represented in the subtypes. This includes as subtype ''Accepting'' and ''Rejecting'' and subtypes of those Actions. Includes but is not restricted to verb sense 4 of 'acknowledge' in WordNet: 4. (1) acknowledge, recognize, recognise - (express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for; 'We must acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c StatingSomething^c Answering^c LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some (InformationObject^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c) hadInformationTransferred^op some (InformationObject^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Accepting^c Thanking^c Rejecting^c

Acknowledging-CommunicationAct^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acknowledging-CommunicationAct

Description

A specialization of #$CommunicationAct-Single. Each instance of this collection is an action that conveys information to the effect that the performing agent has received some prior #$CommunicationAct-Single (which was performed by another agent). An example is Joan saying, 'I hear you' in response to Bette's exclaiming, 'What a dump!' Note that acknowledging can be implicit; for example, one can acknowledge a question by answering it.

        NOTE: this includes written acknowledgments - 'receipt' is used
           as a verb in that sense.

         Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'acknowledge' in WordNet:
           2. (3) acknowledge, receipt - (report the receipt of; 
             'The program committee acknowledged the submission of the authors of the paper')

Super-classes CommunicationAct-Single^c

Acknowledgment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acknowledgment`
Description	An assertion that the Agent making the statement has taken note of some prior Event. This is general but is mostly used for assertions of ''Thanks''. `Corresponds to noun sense of 'acknowledgement' in WordNet: 3. acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (a statement acknowledging something or someone; 'she must have seen him but she gave no sign of acknowledgment'; 'the preface contained an acknowledgment of those who had helped her')`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c Assertion^c
Sub-classes	Thanks^c

Acme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acme`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acme' in WordNet: 1. acme, height, elevation, peak, pinnacle, summit, superlative, meridian, tiptop, top - (the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development; 'his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty'; 'the artist's gifts are at their acme'; 'at the height of her career'; 'the peak of perfection'; 'summer was at its peak'; '...catapulted Einstein to the pinnacle of fame'; 'the summit of his ambition'; 'so many highest superlatives achieved by man'; 'at the top of his profession')
Super-classes	StageOfDevelopment^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Best^c

Acne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acne`
Description	A subtype of 'SkinDisease' that causes pustules on the skin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acne' in WordNet: 1. acne - (an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones)`
Super-classes	SkinDisease^c
Restrictions	hasSymptom^op value Pimple^c

Acorn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acorn`
Description	This is the whole acorn, including the distinctive cap, on or off its parent ''OakTree''. Squirrels love them. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acorn' in WordNet: 1. acorn - (fruit of the oak tree: a smooth thin-walled nut in a woody cup-shaped base)`
Super-classes	Nut-TheFruit^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value OakTree^c

Acoustic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acoustic

Description

'Acoustic' is an attribute of pertaining to ''Acoustics' or to acoustic devices.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'acoustic' in Wordnet:
     1. acoustic, acoustical - (of or relating to the science of acoustics; 
        'acoustic properties of a hall')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AcousticDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcousticDevice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acoustic device' in WordNet: 1. acoustic device - (a device for amplifying or transmitting sound)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	canEmit^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	TelephoneMouthpiece^c Siren^c Phonograph^c Megaphone^c Muffler^c

Acoustics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acoustics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acoustics' in WordNet: 1. acoustics - (the study of the physical properties of sound)`
Super-classes	Physics^c
Restrictions	hasSubject^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	Phonetics^c

Acquaintance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acquaintance`
Description	An Acquaintance is a HumanRole (a Person ) with whom one is familiar (a person one has met and spoken to at least once). This is a ReciprocalRole, and should be a mutual relationship, though one of the acquainted people may forget about the other. Cyc has a type called 'AcquaintancePredicate' whose instances are predicates specifying the ways people can be acqainted with each other: Cyc: The collection of predicates that specify ways in which (and/or degrees to which) one person is acquainted with another agent [#$Agent-Generic]. Some instances of this collection are: #$famousPersonAcquaintance, #$trueFanAcquaintance, #$intimatelyAcquaintedWith, #$frequentlyInContactWith, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'acquaintance' in WordNet: 3. (1) acquaintance, friend - (a person with whom you are acquainted; 'I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances'; 'we are friends of the family')
Super-classes	HumanRole^c ReciprocalRole^c
Sub-classes	Partner^c Friend^c Accompanier^c

Acquainted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acquainted

Description

''Acquainted'' (when used with 'with') is an AttributeValue of a Person who is ''KnowingSomething'', with the thing known being the thing the person is 'acquainted with'. The Thing known can be a Person, so this be used of one person knowing another, or if applied to a GroupOfPeople, can be applied to a group where all of the members know each other.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'acquainted' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) acquainted, acquainted with, familiar with - (having fair knowledge of; 
            'they were acquainted'; 'fully acquainted with the facts')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Acquainting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acquainting`
Description	''Acquainting'' is a form of ''Informing'' in which the amount of information transferred to the 'patient' object) of the action is more than just one or a few facts, but sufficient to make a Person ''WellInformed'' on one or more topics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquaint' in WordNet: 2. (1) familiarize, familiarise, acquaint - (make familiar or acquainted; 'you should acquaint yourself with your new computer'; 'We familiarized ourselves with the new surroundings')`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c Informing^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value WellInformed^c

AcquiredTrait^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcquiredTrait

Description

An ''AcquiredTrait'' is a BiologicalFunction that was acquired during development, growth or maturation, rather than being received from parent organisms by ''InheritingGenes'' during

     The relation between this capability and the actual physical
        action is 'wasRealizedByAction'.

Super-classes BiologicalFunction^c

Acquirer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acquirer`
Description	An ''Acquirer'' is a ''Recipient'' that is an ''IntelligentAgent''. `The distinction in WN between 'recpient' and 'acquirer' is not quite clear. This includes both terms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquirer' and sense 1 of 'recipient' in WordNet: 1. acquirer - (a person who acquires something (usually permanently)) WN noun 'recipient': 1. (2) recipient, receiver - (a person who gets something)`
Super-classes	Recipient^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value GainingControl^c performsAction^op value GainingControl^c
Sub-classes	Beneficiary^c

AcquiringWeapons^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcquiringWeapons`
Description	''AcquiringWeapons'' is an Action in which some Agent (person or GroupOfPeople or Organization) acquires some weapons (not necessarily firearms). 'weapons' can be (and often is) only one 'Weapon''. `One can be 'armed only with billyclubs'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'arm' in WordNet: 2. (1) arm - (supply with arms; 'The U.S. armed the freedom fighters in Afghanistan')`
Super-classes	ReceivingAnObject^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Armed^c hadObjectObtained^op some Weapon^c

Acquisition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acquisition`
Description	Each ''Acquisition'' is the thing obtained in a ''Obtaining'' action - whether abstract (a right) or a PhysicalObject. The act of 'obtaining' usually implies some effort at obtaining (not always), so the obtained thing is classified as a ''ValuableThing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquisition' in Wordnet: 2. acquisition - (something acquired; 'a recent acquisition by the museum')`
Super-classes	Role^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	wasAcquiredInEvent^op some Obtaining^c
Sub-classes	Purchase^c

AcquisitionOfProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcquisitionOfProperty`
Description	''AcquisitionOfProperty''' is 'Obtaining' Action in which an Agent acquires and owns (at least temporarily) some tangible property or a valuable ''Right''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquisition' in WordNet: 1. (11) acquisition - (the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something; 'the acquisition of wealth'; 'the acquisition of one company by another')`
Super-classes	Obtaining^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some (ControllingInterest^c or Right^c or ObjectType^c) resultsInAcquisitionOf^op some CommercialOrganization^c causes^op value Possession^c
Sub-classes	Procuring^c Buyout^c

AcquisitionalLearning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcquisitionalLearning`
Description	''AcquisitionalLearning'' is the label for the psychological concept in WN 'learning, aquisition'. This is a 'learning by doing' and is not a subtype of the intentional ''Learning'' which is a ''#PurposefulAction''. A Child learning language is a common example. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'learning' in WordNet: 1. (4) learning, acquisition - (the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; 'the child's acquisition of language')`
Super-classes	BasicCognitiveProcess^c
Sub-classes	Conditioning^c

Acquisitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acquisitive`
Description	The AttributeValue of a Person who frequently want something(s), abstract or physical.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'acquisitive' in Wordnet: 1. acquisitive - (eager to acquire and possess things especially material possessions or ideas; 'an acquisitive mind'; 'an acquisitive society in which the craving for material things seems never satisfied')`
Super-classes	Desirous^c
Sub-classes	Greedy^c MoneyGrubbing^c

Acquittal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acquittal`
Description	A ''Acquittal'' is the ''LegalOpinion'' issued after a ''CriminalTrial'' when the defendant is deemed 'innocent' of the charge (or in some places thecharge is declared 'not proven') `The subject of this will be released unless there are other charges or an apeal Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquittal' in WordNet: 1. acquittal - (a judgment of not guilty)`
Super-classes	LegalOpinion^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some CriminalCaseDecision^c hasTopic^op some AccusedCriminal^c

Acre^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acre

Description

A UnitOfMeasure equal to 4840 square yards.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acre' in WordNet:
     1. (16) acre - (a unit of area (4840 square yards) used in English-speaking countries)

Super-classes AreaMeasure^c

Acreage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acreage`
Description	'''Acreage'' is an ''Area'' of some specific plot of land, typically expressed (in the USA) in the number of''Acre''s it covers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acreage' in WordNet: 1. (4) acreage, land area - (an area of ground used for some particular purpose (such as building or farming); 'he wanted some acreage to build on')`
Super-classes	Area^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value BuildingaHouse^c isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value CommercialFarming^c

Acrid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acrid

Description

''Acrid'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of a ''Odor'' that is ''"Unpleasant'', or of something emitting that odor.

       NOTE: the 'pungent' term in the synset is used in COSMO only in the sense of a
         taste.
      RHUD adj 'acrid':
        sharp or biting to the taste or smell; bitterly pungent' irritating to the
        eyes, nose.etc. 'acrid smoke from burning rubber'.

       Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'acrid'  in WordNet:
         1. pungent, acrid - (strong and sharp;'the pungent taste of radishes';
             'the acrid smell of burning rubber')

Super-classes Stinky^c

Acrobat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acrobat`
Description	An ''Acrobat'' is classified in WN as an ''Athlete''; RHW seems to classify them as ''Gymnast''s. RHW: 1. a skilled performer of gymnastic feats, as walking on a tightrope or swinging on a trapeze. The ''isSkilledAt'' relation should point to a more specific skill type to add meaning by specifying subtypes of ''AcrobaticManeuver''.. CYC: An #$Acrobat is someone who entertains people by doing difficult physical actions such as walking on their hands or balancing on a high rope, especially at a #$Circus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrobat' in WordNet: 1. acrobat - (an athlete who performs acts requiring skill and agility and coordination)
Super-classes	Gymnast^c Artist-Performer^c Expert^c Athlete^c
Restrictions	isSkilledAt^op value AcrobaticManeuver^c
Sub-classes	Contortionist^c

AcrobaticAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcrobaticAction`
Description	An ''AcrobaticAction'' is a ''GymnasticAction'' performed more to practise of display special agility than to improve strength ('body building') or to maintain general health or fitness. `This is the action that is performed according to specification of the ''Sport'' of ''Acrobatics''. (maintains distinction between a ''Sport'' type and its actual practice. . An ''AcrobaticAction' can be performed by an amateur with no remarkable skill (such as handsprings); for an ''ArobaticAction'' requiring genuine skill, use subtype ''AcrobaticManeuver''.`
Super-classes	GymnasticAction^c
Sub-classes	AcrobaticManeuver^c

AcrobaticManeuver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcrobaticManeuver`
Description	Any ''CoordinatedBodyMovement'' that is not done well by most people, is done to develop body agility, or for amusement of others, and requires some practice to perform properly. Very broad, includes gymnastic maneuvers, floor gymnastics, aerial acrobatics and other feats of body control and agility. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrobatics' in WordNet: 1. (1) acrobatics, tumbling - (the gymnastic moves of an acrobat)`
Super-classes	AcrobaticAction^c Feat^c SportsEvent^c CoordinatedBodyMovement^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c
Sub-classes	Tumbling^c

Acrobatics^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acrobatics

Description

'Acrobatics'' is a special form of ''Gymnastics''

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrobatics' in WordNet:
         1. (1) acrobatics, tumbling - (the gymnastic moves of an acrobat)

Super-classes Gymnastics^c

Acronym^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acronym

Description

A Word which is a shortened lexical form of several other words, usually consisting of the first letters of each of the words in the word combinattion it represents. Often, but not always, the constituent letters are capitalized. There are exceptions, such as 'DoD' for 'Department of Defense'. An acronym should be pronounceable. A word consisting of first letters of the words in a phrase, when not pronounceable, is called an 'initialism'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acronym' in WordNet:
      1. acronym - (a word formed from the initial letters of the several words in the name)

Super-classes Abbreviation^c

Acrophobia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acrophobia

Description

Fear of high places.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrophobia' in WordNet:
        1. acrophobia - (a morbid fear of great heights)

Super-classes Phobia^c

AcrylateCompound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcrylateCompound

Description

An AcrylateCompound is an ''OrganicSubstance'' that is a 'arylic acid'or a derivative.

      Wikipedia 'Acrylate':
         Acrylates (IUPAC: prop-2-enoates) are the salts, esters, and 
           conjugate bases of acrylic acid. The acrylate ion is the anion CH2=CHCOO-. 
           Often, acrylate refers to esters of acrylic acid, the most common member 
           being methyl acrylate. These acrylates contain vinyl groups. 
           These compounds are of interest because they are bifunctional: 
           the vinyl group is susceptible to polymerization and the carboxylate group 
           carries myriad functionalities. Modified acrylates are also numerous,
           some examples being methacrylates (CH2=C(CH3)CO2R) and
           cyanoacrylates (CH2=C(CN)CO2R).

        No WN sense.

Super-classes OrganicSubstance^c
CarbonCompound^c
OrganicCompound^c

Acrylic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acrylic

Description

''Acrylic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' that pertains to ''AcrylicResin'' and ''AcrylateCompound'' and objects made from ''AcrylicResin''.

      No adj sense of 'acrylic' in WN.acrylic

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AcrylicResin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcrylicResin

Description

An ''AcrylicResin'' is a ''SyntheticResin'' that was prepared by polymerization of an acrylic monomer, possibly with other monomers.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrylic resin' in WordNet:
        1. acrylic, acrylic resin, acrylate resin - (a glassy thermoplastic; 
           can be cast and molded or used in coatings and adhesives)

Super-classes Polymer^c
SyntheticResin^c

Act^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Act`
Description	An ''Act'' is 'DramaticPerformance' that is one of the subdivisions of a ''Play'' or opera or ballet. A ''Play'' can consist of one ''Act'' so an ''Act'' is not necessarily a proper part. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'act' in WordNet: 3. (9) act - (a subdivision of a play or opera or ballet)`
Super-classes	DramaticPerformance^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some DramaticPerformance^c

ActExhibitingCharacterTrait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActExhibitingCharacterTrait`
Description	An ActExhibitingCharacterTrait is a type of Action performed by a Person that implies the existence of a particular character trait in the person doing that action. This is a specialized type that appears useful to represent concepts such as 'an act of kindness' (= 'a kind act') or 'an act of generosity' (= 'a generous act' such as 'a generous donation'). Kindness and Generosity are reprsented as subtypes 'Kind' and 'Generous' of 'PersonTraitValue'. When a linguistic phrase incidates a 'kind' or 'generous' act, that act should be represented by some instance of one of the subtypes of this type. `NOTE that each ''ActExhibitingCharacterTrait'' will be related by properties ''agentHasAttribute'' and perhaps by by ''hasQualitativeAttribute'' if acts of that type are themselves categorized by some AttributeValue.`
Super-classes	ExhibitingaQuality^c
Sub-classes	ActOfKindness^c GentleAct^c

ActOfClemency^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActOfClemency

Description

Each instance of ''ActOfClemency'' is a ''SparingFromHarm'' in which some Authority or person in power refrains from inflicting a punishment.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clemency' in WordNet:
            1. (4) clemency, mercifulness, mercy - (leniency and compassion shown toward 
               offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice; 
               'he threw himself on the mercy of the court')

Super-classes SparingFromHarm^c

ActOfGenerosity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActOfGenerosity`
Description	An ActOfGenerosity is an act by a Person that demonstrates to observers that the person performing that act is Generous, at least in that specific case. This means that linguistically 'a generous act' and 'an act of generosity' are synonymous. `NOTE that 'generosity' does not have to be material - a person can be generous when giving praise or withholding criticism. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'generosity' in WordNet: WN 'generosity': 2. generosity, unselfishness - (acting generously)`
Super-classes	ActOfKindness^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Generous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Generous^c
Sub-classes	AltruisticAction^c

ActOfKindness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActOfKindness`
Description	An ActOfKindness is an act by a Person that demonstrates to observers that the person performing that act is Kind, at least in that specific case. This means that linguistically 'a kind act' and 'an act of kindness' are synonymous. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'kindness' in WordNet: 3. kindness, benignity - (a kind act)`
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c ActExhibitingCharacterTrait^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Kind^c
Sub-classes	Forgiving^c ActOfThoughtfulness^c ActOfGenerosity^c

ActOfThoughtfulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActOfThoughtfulness`
Description	An ActOfThoughtfulness is an act by a Person that demonstrates to observers that the person performing that act is ''Considerate'', at least in that specific case. This means that linguistically 'a Thoughtful act' and 'an act of Thoughtfulness' are synonymous.
Super-classes	ActOfKindness^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Considerate^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Considerate^c

Acting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acting`
Description	Being someone you aren't. Taking on a character role. Someday this may be partially related to lying. What actors do during plays. What comedians might do as part of a joke. Something children do for fun. Includes senses 3 and 5 of 'act' in WordNet: 3. (7) act, play, represent - (play a role or part; 'Gielgud played Hamlet'; 'She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role'; 'She played the servant to her husband's master') 5. (1) act, play, act as - (pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind; 'He acted the idiot'; 'She plays deaf when the news are bad') WN noun 'playacting': 1. (1) acting, playing, playacting, performing - (the performance of a part or role in a drama) WN verb 'playact': 1. act, play, roleplay, playact - (perform on a stage or theater; 'She acts in this play'; 'He acted in 'Julius Caesar''; 'I played in 'A Christmas Carol'')
Super-classes	Communication^c SingleDoerAction^c Pretending^c
Sub-classes	Imitating^c DramaticActing^c Masquerading^c

ActingInaMovie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActingInaMovie`
Description	'ActingInaMovie'' is the Action of an ''ActorActress'' performing a Role in some
Super-classes	DramaticActing^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some MoviePerformance^c isPerformedBy^op value ActorInMovies^c

ActingOnSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActingOnSomething`
Description	''ActingOnSomething'' is a broad concept that includes most 'actions' that cause a change of some kind in one of the properties of an Object or substance. The subtypes 'ActingOnSubstance' and 'ActingOnObject' are somewhat more specific. NOTE: ''ActingOnSomething'' can include 'actions' by natural forces. For purposeful Actions by ''IntentionalAgent''s the subtypes should add ''PurposefulAction'' as an additional parent. NOTE on Transitive and Intransitive Events and relations: ''ActingOnSomething'' and its subtypes are ''Event''s in which some individual Entity is the Object (semantic 'patient') of some Event or Action - this is an Transitive Event that may have a subEvent of (''mayHaveSubEvent'') some ''Undergoing'' which is usually expressed by an Intransitive verb. The patient will be said to have 'undergone' some process. The subEvent ''Undergoing'' may not cause any change other than to the history of the object - for example, 'exposing' something to radiation may not result in any change other than the fact that the object 'underwent' (experienced) exposure (became 'exposed' to radiation). Such an Event may cause the object to acquire some AttributeValue, and that AttributeValue can be specified by using the relation ''objectHasAttributeAfter'' to relate the Event to the AttributeValue acquired in that Event. Conversely, an AttributeValue acquired as a necessary consequence of some type of event can be related to that EventType by the relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced''. The third type of Event that is related to Transitive and Intransitive Events is a ''PersistentState'' that may be caused by eithr the Transitive or Intransitive Event, or both; such a state can be related to either of those types of Events by the 'causes' relation - the state 'isCausedBy' some Event. Summarizing: ''ActingOnSomething'' - a transitive Event ''Undergoing'' - an Intransitive Event ''PersistentState'' - may be caused by an ''ActingOnSomething'' or an ''Undergoing'. Relates back to the subject by ''hasSubjectOfState'' ''objectHasAttributeAfter'' - relates a ''ActingOnSomething'' or a ''Undergoing'' to some AttributeValue that was acquired in that Event ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' - relates an AttributeValue to an EventType that an cause the 'semantic patient' to have that AttributeValue. See property ''mayCauseObjectToBecome'' and to relate such an Event to the Attribute the patient may acquire. COSMO note: this type is interpreted as the transitive sense of the verb 'change' - the Object or substance acted on is pointed to by the relation ''hadThingAffected'' that points to the grammatical patient of the action; the patient must be somehow changed, possibly only in its location or orientation. NOTE that the Object acted on can be Abstract, such as a ConceptualWork. The patient acted on must be specified, at least as to type. NOTE that as of rev1371 the patient need not be an ''Object'' - to specify that, use subtype ''ActionOnObject''. Vague concepts like 'process an application' are included here. NOTE that the CYC gloss seems to suggest that the patient is an 'object' but this type is more general, to include actions on non-objects (no examples come to mind). Perhaps this level of generality is unnecessary?? How does one 'act' on an attribute or Event? or a ''Group;; or ''Role'' that is not also an Object? Needs further consideration - but inclusion seems harmless. Cyc: A specialization of both #$Action and #$PhysicalEvent; the collection of physical events in which some doer acts on an object. Each instance of #$ActionOnObject is an action in which both the roles of #$doneBy and #$objectActedOn (qq.v.) are filled. Examples include someone typing on a keyboard and a tornado destroying a building. Non-examples include a person dancing and wind blowing and a heart 'beating' BUT if heart is 'pumping blood' then that is a transitive action that is* an example of this. The classification depends on the specific usage of the more generic concepts.. NOTE: actions of this type should be represented linguistically by a TransitiveVerb. The closest synset in WordNet appears to be 'process, treat'; that synset covers part of this broad sense. in Wordnet: 2. (121) process, treat - (subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; 'process cheese;; 'process hair;; ;treat the water so it can be drunk;; ;treat the lawn with chemicals; ; ;treat an oil spill;)
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c TransitiveAction^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	HeatingSomething^c ShooingSomethingAway^c ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c DevelopingSomething^c RemovingSomething^c HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c ActionOnObject^c SuckingOnSomething^c MaterialHandling^c Swallowing^c ControllingAnAnvironment^c ActionOnSubstance^c Scorching^c ChasingSomethingAway^c

Actinium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Actinium

Description

In COSMO this is a PhysicalSubstance - in CYC it is a PhysicalObject.

         CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby
        molecules) of actinium; typically, these will be tightly
        bound into solid form.  This unit could probably just as
        well be called Actinium or ActiniumStuff.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'actinium' in WordNet:
          1. actinium, Ac, atomic number 89 - 
            (a radioactive element of the actinide series; found in uranium ores)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Actinomycete^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Actinomycete

Description

CYC 'Actinobacteria-Class': A collection of #$Bacterium forming a #$BiologicalClass in the #$MoneraKingdom that includes the #$BiologicalOrders such as #$Actinomycetales-Order.

        NOTE: some of the most common natural products that are used(or derivatives are used)
          in medicine were found in broths of ''Actinomycete''s.  Used to be
          very popular in Pharmaceutical companies.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'actinomycete' in WordNet:
          1. actinomycete - (any bacteria (some of which are pathogenic for humans and animals) 
             belonging to the order Actinomycetales)

Super-classes Eubacterium^c

Action^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Action`
Description	An Event in which some Agent plays a causative role. NOTE that there are two very broad and perhaps non-traditional uses of ''Action'' and ''Agent'' included in this type. An ''Action'' is any Event in which something can be said to do something, in any sense. Thus if one asserts that a mountain 'remained snow-covered throughout the decade', the mountain would be an 'Agent'' and to 'remain snow-covered' would be considered as an ''Action'' in this broad sense. For a narrower and perhaps more traditional sense of 'Action'' and 'agent' COSMO uses ''PurposefulAction'' and ''IntentionalAgent''. Intermediate degrees of 'agency' are represented by a variety of subtypes. NOTE that ''Resource'' is added as a parent at rev 1717 so as to allow a an Action that is 'required' in order to do something to be considered as a ''Reaource''. NOTE that an Agent may cause an action indirectly and with a time delay, via some device - and that action, controlled largely by the device, is still considered as an Action of that Agent in COSMO. THe 'agent' in an Action is interpreted loosely, so that any linguistic phrase in which an Object 'does' something can be viewed as an Action in this sense. For Purposive agents performing Actions, one may use ''AnimateActivity'' or ''PurposefulAction''. NOTE also that an agent that is performing an ''Action'' has the attribute ''Active'', but that attribute applies only within the context and time period that the agent (which could be considered inanimate at other times) is performing that action. An example of this type is a ''Volcano'', which, when not ''Active'' would normally be considered as an 'inanimate object'. A NaturalEvent that causes effects can also be said to be an 'agent' performing an ''Action''. The 'action' set in motion by an Agent may continue even after the death of the Agent. Thus, the fire in an oil burner, being controlled by the Agent that controls the oil burner, is considered as an Action here, even though the burner continues for a long time automatically. The Action in such cases of indirect and delayed effects extends from the time at which the Agent started the action until the end of the time when the predictable immediate consequences occur. At some point it will probably be worthwhile distinguishing the Action of setting a Device from the Events controlled by the device, but as of v0.43 that distinction is not encoded. For Actions directly including only the immediate motion of an animal and its direct, almost simultaneous consequences, use 'AnimalActivity'. NOTE that a MentalEvent such as a feeling or Emotion is also considered an Action,as it is performed by a ''IntentionalAgent''. In different ontologies, the same notion has different names: Action(Cyc) IntentionalProcess (SUMO) action(DOLCE) Activity(ISO15926). NOTE: in COSMO we classify an 'Experience' as a subtype of 'Action' to indicate that the focus of the subject is an Agent, even though no Events external to the Agent may be caused by the Experience. Cyc comment: The collection of #$Events (q.v.) that are carried out by some doer (see #$doneBy). Instances of #$Action include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an #$Agent (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see #$PurposefulAction and #$performedBy. SUMO: A 'Process' that has a specific purpose for the 'CognitiveAgent' who performs it. DOLCE: A Perdurant that exemplifies the intentionality of an agent. Could it be aborted, incomplete, mislead, while remaining a (potential) accomplishment ... The point here is that having a result depends on a method, then an action remains an action under incomplete results. As a matter of fact, if we neutralize intentionality, a purely topological, post-hoc view is at odds with the notion of incomplete accomplishments. NOTE: a Human activity is represented in the subtype ''HumanActivity''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'action' and sense 2 of 'thing' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'do' and sense 1 and 2 of 'activity' in WordNet: 1. (632) action - (something done (usually as opposed to something said); 'there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions') WN 'thing' 2. (279) thing - (an action; 'how could you do such a thing?') WN verb 'do': 1. (526) make, do - (engage in; 'make love, not war'; 'make an effort'; 'do research'; 'do nothing'; 'make revolution') 2. (173) perform, execute, do - (carry out or perform an action; 'John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters'; 'the skater executed a triple pirouette'; 'she did a little dance') 3. (134) do, perform - (get (something) done; 'I did my job') WN noun 'activity': 2. (137) action, activity, activeness - (the state of being active; 'his sphere of activity'; 'he is out of action') WN verb 'act': 1. (35) act, move - (perform an action, or work out or perform (an action); 'think before you act'; 'We must move quickly'; 'The governor should act on the new energy bill'; 'The nanny acted quickly by grabbing the toddler and covering him with a wet towel')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op only (GenericAgent^c or ObjectType^c) agentHasAttribute^op value Active^c
Sub-classes	PrematureTermination^c IntentionalMentalSituation^c Encounter^c Succumbing^c GatheringTogether^c BeddingDown^c Mitigating^c ProgrammedExercises^c FlockingaFabric^c AnimateActivity^c SelectingSomething^c BeingEntertained^c Reddening^c LingeringAction^c GoingToSleep^c IlluminatingTheMoon^c Raising^c BecomingSobered^c BecomingOlder^c EmbarrassingSomeone^c ReleasingSomething^c BecomingTired^c Feeling^c ObligedAction^c MakingaCopy^c LoweringaValue^c MentalEvent^c DegreeOfTolerance^c Miracle^c PurposefulAction^c Yielding^c AbortingaAnAction^c SendingSomething^c Regaining^c LosingaPerson^c Rebirth^c ImpartingSomething^c Awakening^c Possession^c IlluminatingSomething^c UnsettlingaPerson^c BecomingStronger^c Liberalization^c ScheduledAction^c Lunging^c Soaring^c DamagingEvent^c ArtActivity^c BecomingDisappointed^c AddingEvent^c LosingAPhysicalObject^c OneUpping^c ThreeAgentAction^c LosingaPositionalAdvantage^c Plunging^c PullingOnAnObject^c Advising^c GrowingQuickly^c Inaction^c Simplifying^c Abolishing^c GrowingEvent^c JoiningTogether^c Suffering^c StayingInaPlace^c BeingInaRole^c GoingToBed^c Noticing^c HatingEvent^c DazzlingSomeone^c Beautifying^c LightingUpaRoom^c TransferringSomething^c Depreciation^c HarmfulAction^c Mutating^c AdoptingaFamilyMember^c SpatteringaSubstance^c BeingExtinct^c Abbreviating^c HumanSensitivity^c RaisingaValue^c Seeing^c DroppingDown^c InfringingARule^c PreExisting^c HavingaPrivilege^c RestoringEvent^c Lowering^c ScatteringaSubstance^c LeaningOnSomething^c Oversimplifying^c Debut^c ExclusiveOption^c Disguising^c Mediating^c MistakenAction^c Synthesis-Generic^c AcceptingPayments^c ReflexiveAction^c ComputerActivity^c Supplanting^c BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c Bemusing^c Surpassing^c AccessingAnIBT^c PuttingFoodOnaPlate^c GeneratingElectricity^c FunctioningOfaDevice^c Impeding^c ActivatingaDevice^c RecurringAction^c DissolvingaSubstance^c OutdoorActivity^c Splicing^c GivingSomethingAbstract^c BecomingPregnant^c PlannedAction^c WaningEvent^c Longevity^c NeutralizingAnAcid^c Safeness^c Compelling^c WakingUp^c Traffic^c BeingInaPlace^c EnteringAContainer^c Reaction^c IBTGeneration^c CausingMentalDistress^c StunningSomeone^c LosingControlOfAControlledObject^c ExecutingaProcedure^c ServiceEvent^c IndulgingaDesire^c DominatingSomething^c Dropping^c Escalation^c Responding^c PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink^c TransitiveAction^c SupportingSomething^c ProcessStep^c Complicating^c Relieving^c DramaticRole^c Colonization^c ExtendingaTimeInterval^c Abundance^c DeactivatingaDevice^c WakingUpAnAnimal^c IntransitiveEvent^c IlluminatingSomethingAction^c Boosting^c BecomingElected^c NormalizingSomething^c Providing^c GettingOutOfBed^c AlternativeAction^c PregnancyTermination^c EmotionalSensitivity^c RedoingSomething^c DisappointingSomeone^c Devaluing^c HavingAnAttribute^c Easing^c Computing^c Inoperability^c ActionSummary-W6H^c Marveling^c CascadingDown^c Printing^c ActingOnSomething^c IntoxicatingAnAgent^c AilmentCondition^c PromisedAction^c ChangingDeviceState^c LeaningOver^c CreatingaRepresentation^c Loitering^c PredictedEvent^c Riding^c ExtendingaScope^c Descending^c ChosenAction^c Breakup^c CausingChange^c MultiAgentAction^c SocialState^c Dilapidating^c RepresentingSomething^c ScatteringObjects^c ScheduledEvent^c WaxingEvent^c Repercussion^c Speech^c SingleDoerAction^c Syndicating^c Functioning^c BecomingTiredOfSomething^c PrecedingAnAgent^c
In domain of	hadAgreeingAgents^op wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo^op
In range of	participatedInAgreement^op wasThePatientInAction^op wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingPatMoustached http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrivingOfTheGoldenSpike http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarriageOfPatAndDianeCassidy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositiveLitmusTest http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatCanWriteChecks http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionOfTheTajMahal

ActionGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionGroup`
Description	A Group consisting exclusively of 'Action's.
Super-classes	EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Action^c
Sub-classes	PayingPeriodically^c SportsCompetition^c BusinessManagementEvent^c EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c MultipleSkillEvent^c Supervising^c Mismanagement^c Interplay^c RoundOfaCompetition^c FoundingAnOrganization^c DirectingAnAgent^c One-TimePayment^c JobFunctions^c Lockout^c TournamentRound^c ExecutingaProcedure^c Tutorial^c Tutoring^c Works^c EliminationCompetition^c Tournament^c Antics^c Epidemic^c StaffingAnOrganization^c TravelingWidely^c Homemaking^c

ActionGuidingIdeology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionGuidingIdeology`
Description	The #$GoalAttribute used to characterize the cause or ideology that drives the actions of a given (principled) #$Person or of an #$IdeologicalOrganization.
Super-classes	Goal^c

ActionObjective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionObjective

Description

An ''ActionObjective'' is a Goal (syn. Objective) for which the desired situation is intended to occur as the result of a specific Action that is planned, contemplated, or under way. Each Objective must reference the planned action as well as the desired result of that action..

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'objective' in WordNet:
         1. (39) aim, object, objective, target - (the goal intended 
         to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); 
         "the sole object of her trip was to see her children")

Super-classes Goal^c

ActionOnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionOnObject`
Description	''ActionOnObject'' is an ''ActingOnSomething'' in which the 'something' acted on is an Object - this will be the typical case of ''ActingOnSomething''. NOTE: these actions should be represented linguistically by a TransitiveVerb. `See also 'ActionOnSubstance' for a parallel type.`
Super-classes	ActingOnSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Object^c
Sub-classes	AccelerationOfaVehicle^c CausingToSwell^c AnchoringaBoat^c HittingAnObject^c ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c Vandalism^c StingingAction^c BatteringAnObject^c UnlockingALock^c TsunamiImpact^c Fastening^c InstallingSomething^c ShapingSomething^c RechargingABattery^c KickingAnObject^c BuffetingAnObject^c AttackOnObject^c Soaking^c Wiping^c LockingSomething^c CrushingAnObject^c HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c InvertingSomething^c TurningSomethingInsideOut^c TearingSomething^c SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff^c Rubbing^c CausingAnObjectToMove^c InstillingByDrops^c HingingAnObject^c SharpeningAnObject^c StrikingaTarget^c MountingAnObjectToaSupport^c Hijacking^c DislocatingaBone^c Nurturing^c HoldingOnToAnObject^c StretchingAction^c DepressingaDevicePart^c OpeningSomething^c Nourishing^c AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce^c TickBiting^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c InfectingEvent^c Licking^c AbusingSomething^c HarmingAnAgent^c TaperingAnObject^c ChargingABattery^c BlowingSomethingUp^c DirectingTheCourse^c SlidingOverSnowOrIce^c CleaningaFloor^c StrikingRepeatedly^c StampingOnesFoot^c Wetting^c SettingSomethingOnFire^c

ActionOnSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionOnSubstance`
Description	''ActionOnObject'' is an ''ActingOnSomething'' in which the 'something' acted on is an Object NOTE: these actions should be represented linguistically by a TransitiveVerb. `See also 'ActionOnObject' for a parallel type.`
Super-classes	ActingOnSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Extracting^c

ActionSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionSeries`
Description	An 'ActionSeries' is an Action that is composed of a Series (a LinearlyOrderedGroup) of Actions. The principle of the ordering of the Actions in the series corresponds to the time-sequence of the Additions in the ActionSeries.
Super-classes	ReiterativeEventSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Action^c mayCause^op value Accustoming^c
Sub-classes	InvertAndShakeAction^c Churning^c FrequentMoodSwings^c Beating^c ThrashingAbout^c TransactionSeries^c ReiterativeActionSeries^c Fluttering^c Wagging^c ShakingSomething^c ShakingMotion^c Misplacing^c Womanizing^c Swaying^c UndulatingMotion^c RockingMotion^c Ambulation^c RockingSomething^c RollingAnObject^c Trembling^c Shuddering^c

ActionShowing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionShowing

Description

A ''ActionShowing'' is an ''InformationBearingWavePropagation'' (an emission of meaningful light waves created by some ''IntelligentAgent'') that is executed to convey information of any kind for any purpose. This is the generic type that includes displays of any kind of 'video' on film or in a computer file, ona movie screen or a television or a computer monitor or a smart phone, or any other kind of display device or method that can display visual information, whether pre-recorded or 'live'.

     Note: This uses a distinction between a  ''Performance'' for some Action viewed
        directly versus a similar Action that is transmitted by electronic means to 
        some remote ''DisplayDevice''.  This is for the light emitted by the remote display.

     This form of ''InformationBearingWavePropagation'' is what people see when they
     watch a Movie or television program.

Super-classes InformationBearingWavePropagation^c

ActionSummary-W6H^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionSummary-W6H`
Description	''ActionSummary-W6H'' is a summary of an Action (an Event with an identifiable 'agent' that performs the action) that specifies the answers to the traditional questions; WHO did WHAT to WHOM, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW, and WITH WHAT EFFECT. Question: use relation point to instance of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WHO wasPerformedByAgent Any GenericAgent if a 'with' is used to mean more than one Agent performed the action, use 'AgentGroup' as the WHO. did WHAT rdf:type rdf:resource="#EventType"/> (the type of Action in the typical Event instance heads the instance being represented. This rdf relation can in addition be used to indicate another additional type for a particular Event instance, or can be used if one instantiates the Event as an instance of ''ActionSummary-W6H'' : see examples) to WHOM hasDirectObject the 'direct object' ('patient') of the action (not an indirect object) Indirect obj 'for an agent' use 'hadBeneficiary' usually a ''IntentionalAgent'' (an animal,but it could be a plant or an ecosystem. Indirect obj 'to an agent' use ''hadRecipient' for 'transfers' such as giving or receiving, including information transfers. DitransitiveObjectPair WHEN occurredInTimeInterval occurredInTimeInterval if specific beginning and end times are known with some precision; occurredWithinTimeInterval if time is known only approximately (some year, some day) co-occurredWith if it is only known that it was approximately simultaneous with another Event; occurredEarlierThan if it is known that the subject Event preceded another Event WHERE occurredAt GenericLocation - a Place or Object WHY hasPurpose Goal, Event, State HOW hasManner for specifying manner: 'quickly'; 'veryWell'; ''Skillfully'' usesInstrument if action is performed 'with' some Object serving as the instrument of the Action WithWhatEffect caused, causes if one Event/Actionis a direct cause of another "hadAddedObject" "hasDirectObject" in which something causes an Animal to
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasPrecondition^op value UnconsciousnessOrSleeping^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value GenericAgent^c

ActionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionType`
Description	ActionType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Action as their argument.
Super-classes	TopicType^c EventType^c ResourceType^c
Sub-classes	PublishingType^c CuttingOrGrindingType^c RankType^c MotionType^c CeremonyType^c ServiceType^c IntelligentActionType^c OccupationType^c IntransitiveEventType^c SportType^c RecurringActionType^c RacquetGameType^c CommunicationType^c AnimalMotionType^c ImmunityType^c CustomType^c PhysiologicalConditionType^c IgnitingType^c GameType^c LossType^c GroupThoughtType^c SearchingType^c ChemicalReactionType^c TransitiveEventType^c LearnedActivityType^c
In domain of	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op
In range of	isTheAttributeOfSomeThingWithTendencyTo^op isUnableToServeAsAgentInActionType^op isAbilityToServeInActionType^op isTheAttributeOfAnAgentEngagedIn^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType^op disposesToAction^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType^op canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op isaTendencyToPerformAction^op isOperatedByAction^op canServeAsAgentInActionType^op hasCharacteristicActivity^op hasMannerOfUse^op
Members	ShakingSomething ElectronicDataSearching ModifyingaComputerDisplay InstillingByDrops ObligationCreatingEvent DeflectingaWave GroupPractice CalmingAnInfant AdmiringEvent SwingingOnASwing DiscussionForum StipulatingaCondition RidingaHorse Propounding IntentionalForgetting Owing Democratization TransplantingaBodyOrgan ExpellingFromMembership Precedence Snatching Festooning ModelngAnObject Galloping Unbending CompulsiveBehavior ApplyingStuffToTheSkin ChoreographedDancing Refueling DefusingAnExplosive Wheezing NeuralProcess EstablishingaHeadquarters RingingaBell ProliferationAction Kinship FiberOpticCable Subsisting Divesting Irrigating Enjoining DispensingMedication PerpetuatingSomething Sailing ImpartingAnAttribute Organizing InvoluntaryBodyMovement AnimalBathing Systematizing PreparingFoodItem Woodworking ShearingaPlant Inserting FeelingCold Communication Reclining Bending Yodeling TheseDays Reorganizing Perching Worshipping Directive Tweeting Struggle ShearingSheep Munch FaceTime HoldingWithHand GearShifting RepayingWithMoney SocialAssimilation RefiningOre OpposingAbortion Chat Safeness Dating LiteraryVignette Politeness Ballet Perceiving PersonalFreedom Stardom RelievingAnAilment Aerobics SuperiorStatus InformationTransferEvent Speaking Delaying Incorporating Perusing Correctness EscapingCaptivity DelayingAction JottingDownSomething DifficultTask InitiatingAnOralConversation MakingAnOralSound Detecting AmplifyingaSound FinancialBailout ElementaryEducation FeedingBirds Watching SmokingMarijuana CharacterizingSomething BrushingTeeth ProducingaShow U-turn SolicitingBusiness EmittingaBadBreath Reproaching StuntingGrowth DisgustingPerformance PavingaPathway Declaring Erupting Womanizing PowerLifting Memorizing Teleconference Offsetting Ovation BeingAwake Interpreting Sanity SocialRelationship PayingAttention ClusteringTogether ReciprocalAction Redistributing Moonwalk StraddlingPosture Tagging EatingMeat WiseAct StingingByAnimal Modification QuittingAction DevelopmentOfTheUniverse StauchingBleeding MultiAgentAction NerveImpulse InheritingGenes Hallelujah OverwelmingSomeoneWithWork Regenerating AddingEvent Misplacing HittingaGolfballWithaClub BackpackHiking PreemptiveAcquisition PreventingSunburn Deceiving ContrastingThings NursingAnInfant TantalizingAction NonstopFlight HidingOneself BroadcastEpisode CuttingMetal Stamping FormalJobDescription RidingaRaceHorse BecomingOpen Accusing Hazing Privatization ShootingAnArrow Lunging CarryingByHand DryingInTheSun HeatingSomething Optimizing Gambling Independence BeingCrowded Urgency RechargingABattery ClassSession FundingaProject Googling VoluntaryBodyMovement MassCommunicating TakingCareOfaChild TranscribingSpeech ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction InputtingData LayingSomethingHorizontally HeavyBreathing Converging Welding CostumeParty Merchandising EncouragingCommunication ShootingAtSomething Hospitality Comparing Overshadowing Hesitating MedicalDiagnosis Sharing EitherOrChoice BodilyResponse Inferiority GrazingAction Kicking BeingBedridden ApplyingForSomething Foreclosing Traffic BookingaPerp WebcamBroadcasting Quavering Importing PavingEvent HelpingSomethingDoSomething Dexterity Archiving FinancialStatus HallucinationState CorrectingBehavior Grumbling Disinheriting Cancelling PrevailingoverAnOpponent Lesson TollCollecting Scanning Cleaving KickingAnObject Grunting TransmittingInformation DecidingByVote Complexity DesigningAnArrangement Unplugging Tossing Clearcutness ShooingSomethingAway Bleaching ExhibitingEmotion Choreographing Conferring Functionality ActingInaMovie MotionDownhill RefreshingEvent HumanSensitivity Prostitution StrokingAtaBall Varnishing FineTuning JokeTelling Lockout RecommendingEvent BoardingAnAirplane Mining Brainwashing Affiliation Looking PassingAnExam AttackOnObject Teasing Backseat CuringEvent Posing PiercingSomething GettingEven Hovering Peddling DicingaFoodObject Whispering Shaving DiningAtHome Assimilating StunningSomeone Urinating Disequilibrium ModestComfort BiasingaPerson ReflectingLight EstablishingaSocialInstitution Seducing LiftingaBodyPart Convening OutburstOfEmotion WaxingEvent ScoringaRun ThreeAgentAction LosingBodilyVitality Embalming Savoring Humming DisposingAnAgentToAction FinancialAssistance Meandering SellingTickets BodyPositionEvent ExecutingaProcedure BoilingSomethingInWater Inscribing Befriending GeologicalPhenomenon AdaptingInformationToAnAudience RaisingaValue StraighteningTeeth Levity Bullfight HavingWings PoliticalEvent Revolutionizing VisitingaPlace EternalBliss FoodIsReady Rankling BlockingTheWay LosingaPositionalAdvantage SelectingBetween Acknowledging OpeningADoor Leaping WritingByHand ExercisingEvent Correcting Briefing Propriety MistreatingaPerson AttemptingActivity Migrating CeaseParticipating Defiance PullingOnAnObject Roundtable CookingInaMicrowave RepossessingSomething UnfriendingaFacebookFriend ProjectingaFutureSituation GettingEngaged Absenteeism LosingControlOfAControlledObject Accomplishment Audience-Hearing Nesting CuringAnAilment DescribingOneself PettingAnAnimal Depicting BlendingInaBlender FoulPlay CoveringSomething SupportingEnvironmentalProtection PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution ListeningAttentively CastingaSpell TakingSomethingAway ErroneousBelieving Knockout Mentoring LocomotionEvent Immobilizing Typing BearingPunishment Wiping Corrupting ProtestingaPolicy Inaction AbstainingFromAlcohol Reaffirming Analogizing ProfessionalServicing Disorder BiologicalReproductionEvent Ensuring CreatingaConceptualWork SigningSomething Spooking ProvidingMentalComfort StatisticalAnalysis Woe Murmuring VotingForOrAgainst Hypocrisy Gardening Boating NighttimeEntertainmentEvent Clumping OpinionPoll Shortage FootballBlitz EnteringaRegion KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething SpurringaHorse ReelingSomethingOnOrOffaSpool Intercepting ReplacingaPerson IncludingSomething MoneyTransaction Whipping Combustion RoteLearning Favor FindingAPhysicalObject Stipulation Recourse HumanGroupActivity Meeting DoingaJig Rendezvous CancellingSomething FundingAnInsitution DroppingDown Avalanche ViewingScenery Impregnation HoldingAnObject Mellowing UtteringaCurse Poaching MakingaMortgageAgreement KineticFriction ReplacingAir IndulgingaDesire Decentralizing WholesaleSale MakingAnActionIllegal Communion Assault WipingTheAnus Sneering Competition Freedom CheckOutProcedure WrongingSomeone Payout FirstTournamentRound Metering HypnoticTrance Ransoming Withdrawing Prestidigitation WarmBehavior EludingComprehension Cuddling Favoring Observing DescribingAnObject Reliving PrescribingMedication FaceToFaceConflict RadioBroadcasting ElectricalPhenomenon HighPriorityCall ElectricalConduction ProducingGoodsAndServices ReducingIntensity ComingTogether LaunchingaBoat BiologicalDevelopmentStage PayingaRoyalty Subjugation Slurping PrematureTermination ResolvingAnIssue BlowingOutaBirthdayCandle Congregating BelievingSomething JobSituation JoiningTogether Forwarding Wakeboarding Undressing CommercialPrinting Clamor Picketing GymnasticAction Redevelopment Responding IntentionalMentalSituation Endorsement Mimicry Reminiscing Tutorial RaisingByHand ConvincingaPerson BakingBread RestructuringSomething Membership LawSuit Exporting BeingUnderSurveillance FootballPass Coordinating DeflectingSomething Pitching SpreadingOfaPathogen MakingCoffee-TheBeverage DoingSomething ProcessingSomething DepressingSomeone Sinning ChargingaHolder Previewing PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething GatheringTogether Race BeddingDown DrugSideEffect GettingHotter FencingAnArea CheckingUpOnSomething Commenting Diluting Sabotage Skiing Swaying Renewing KeynoteAddress CleaningTeeth Unconcern DeliveringIce FloatingOnWater BeingCirculated ReexpressingSomething DirectAnswer SinkingInWater Vasectomy Moaning ProcessStep BeingWatched Firing AvoidingWork Hiatus KarateSportsEvent SpringBreak FleaBiting BaseballPitch ElectricalShock ScrewingaScrewOrNut SpeakingTwoLanguagesFluently StoringElectricalCharge Benefiting Morphing Hoax Incinerating HangingUpClothes Weeding Tanning Greatness JudoActivity LaunchingaRocketOrTorpedo ServicingaFemaleAnimal Expansion Bargaining IssuingaCopyright Ogling HeatingFood UpholdingaCause PulverizationEvent DedicatingOneself PublicAssembly CleaningaSurfaceEvent Crime Severing InfusingaLiquid BroadcastAdvertisement EscapingPrison Lowering Imagining GuidingAMovingObject BurdeningSomething Noticing Gargling Complicating EmittingaRadioWave OpticalIllusion WithdrawingMoney Traumatizing UndoingAction TradingEvent FaintingEvent Concern PoisingInFlight Genocide EatingLunch Prank Witchcraft RelaxingAtHome Approval-CommunicationAct DataAnalysis Refereeing HigherEducationManagementEvent ParingaFruitOrVegetable FormalMeeting Pricking CommunicatingInSignLanguage ExperimentalResearch Proximalization Prophase SignLanguageSignAction WorkingUnderContract Babyhood HonkingaVehicleHorn PreventingTerrorism AssigningResponsibility CrawlingOnLegs Withering DescribingAnEvent MovieCredits Dependency ExitingAContainer CommonEndeavor Rethinking BuzzingSound SettingSomethingDown MinorMistake Correspondence Falling-Freefall Composure OdorSensation HarmingAnAgent DispersingaCrowd Smacking ContainingSomething LyingHorizontally TakingAnAction Jolt HumanRelationship LawEnforcementActivity HavingCarbonDioxideInside DrivingaTruck Friendship Inferring Climbing-Recreational MedicalExamination BelievingaReligiousDoctrine ChangeOfMind BusinessAsAnActivity DeliveringMilk Tasting BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary TimeTravel SchoolActivity WashingEvent HypnotizingSomeone Mismanagement Breathing ExtendingaTimeInterval CompilingSomething Leading Provocation Disloyalty DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney Dividing Menarche ViewingAnAstronomicalObject AdoptingaPractice FinancingaPurchase Arranging IntransitiveEvent MakingaRule CarvingFood BlockingAction Shivering IlluminatingSomethingAction Prompting Permeating Ableism BurningFuel InsultingaPerson Abundance Explaining SchoolSession Auspices Hacking Sighing Angering Pounding AssumingAnEmployeePosition Expanding ChangingIntensity EmployeeLayoff Rioting VerballyAbusingSomeone DabblingInAnActivity SleepingAtaCrashPad Forestalling Childbirth Play ConducingToSomething ClosingaPortal Loosening EconomicPolicy Uniformity AbilityToLipread Hearing TurningSomethingInsideOut Oratorio IngestingaNarcotic OperatingaPoweredDevice ImmuneResponse Miserableness ImprovingFunctionality MiraculousOccurence Playing CombatSportsEvent Mummifying YesNoDecision BeingaStudent Responsibleness TearingSomething WakingUpAnAnimal PlasticSurgery Ventilating LimitingAction DisbandingaGroup Mortality Project MakingSomethingBySewing Conversation BargingIn Dreaming BeingRespected Waiting WarningAction Dragging ConsensualAction Demonstrating AffordingaPurchase Boding Friction PregnancyTermination Brightening Curdling Deciding HerdingSheep Augmenting Recognizing Defaming StingingAction Dialogue FollowingTheLeadOfAnother Julienning InelegantSpeech BeingBusy Retaliating AdequateNutrition Misrepresenting Listing PerformingSomeAction FacebookFriendship Kneeling Plea DrugAddiction NotBeingPerformed Disputing Striving NormalizingSomething Sanctifying Fueling ScoringaGoal PropagandaCampaign IntendedResult FormingAnArtifact Patrolling SupplyingGoods IdentifyingaPerson PointingToSomething Winking Election Extortion Apparition Dictation Desegregating GentleAct ExcavatingForConstruction CausingAnObjectToMove Lengthening GettingAnAnswer BreakingaHabit Bountifulness ChallengingaCourtDecision StateOfShame Strumming Scampering Preserving Redirecting VisualInformationGeneratingAct Kindergarten ServingFoodOrDrink Ranching PersonalEthics MistakenAction BeingFinite BeingObserved Desire AltruisticAction Hindsight PreHeating Putting Gestation EmittingLight Disenchanting DrivingaBus VulgarSpeech Acculturating AutomobileFabrication Sleepover GrowingGrapes VolumeCompression Altering Knotting JudoEvent PersonalNetworking AircraftLanding Hurdling Snacking DryingClothes Ploy FinalTournamentRound CholesterolTest Receivables SocialOccurrence Discourse HiringaTaxiCab PryingAction InferringaProblemSolution Goring TakingUpTime SpillingTheBeans HavingaPart HonorableBehavior Grinding PlatingMetal ChargingABattery DrinkingaNightcap Politics Familiarization MechanicalResistance Eminence Oblivion Crying SendingForSomeone Nightmare Snoring CookingFood TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay ChangingPosture KickingAnOpponent TakingSomething TeeingOff BodyBlow Bullying Depreciation Permanence PerformanceSpectacle Lassoing Conservation Marathon Prevailing Reinvesting Fullness MagicShow ReassuringaPerson Overworking Sewing ObliteratingAnObject MakingaMechanicalDrawing Consoling SignLanguageGesturing TraversingaRoute Hardening DisablingaDevice ExertingEffort Amnesty DiminishingEvent Overheating Bawling Session DevelopingSomething EvasiveStatement Cajoling OpeningAnAccount ErasingaVisibleMark OfferingaBankAccount Pampering AdministrationOfAnOrganization Ordering Nomination Consistency Obliviousness Admonishing Spectroscopy Transmission CoffeeBreak Alluding Jesting HarmfulAction RevisitingaPlace TransplantingaPlant OutgrowingClothes TakingCareOfaPerson MakingaGain Tryst HingingAnObject Resting-RelaxingEvent Disqualifying BalancingForces TaxCollecting Misunderstanding BeingFlooded SocializingAnEconomy Idling PostOperativeCare Tort BiologicalTest GeneSequencing DialingaTelephone EmbarrassingSomeone MakingaDeal HammeringSomething CuttingHair Tramping Inquest Solitude Extracting NotWantingAnAction MakingHay MincingSomething SociabilityBasedAction GrowingHousePlants In-HouseOperation SwimmingForPleasure HoningaBlade CausingAnotherObjectsRotation Gasp BecomingTired Jihad PoweringAnElectricalDevice FilingNails Feinting Seizing Blitz SavingForFutureUse UsingAnOpportunity UsingTheHand DelayingAnAgent Intuition SendingATelegram DisagreementEvent FundRaisingCampaign HearingDirectly Manspreading DeafeningAnAnimal FingerSpelling ShowingSupportForSomething ImpressingSomeone WearingaMask Identifying BeautyTreatment StitchingAWound Skimming BeingExtinct MakingaCopy MakingSomeoneFurious ChallengingaDecision StrikingaTarget BroilingFood MilitaryAction Manslaughter Smiting MountingAnObjectToaSupport Persecuting InjectingVenom Maddening Abbreviating Seduction Barking SweepingIntoaContainer LoweringaValue KeepingInformation RaisingaTopic ImposingSanctions PlantOrganicProcess CaricaturingSomeone DegreeOfTolerance ConditioningSomeone WearingaCostume HoningaSkill Enjoying FlyBall Buyout EpidemiologicalStudy Equipping Cuckolding Devaluing ScubaDiving MixingSubstances Infidelity BirdSong DisplayingInformation ReplenishingaSupply ImpartingKnowledge PublicRelationsActivity DistractingaPerson Concerto Regularity Shinnying HavingaFeeling Grabbing FigureOfSpeech MakingAGesture Profiling BaggingSomething ReworkingSomething EthicalBehavior MiringaVehicle Procrastinating DramaticActing FreedomToAct MockingSomeone PlantingaPlant FailingAnExam OpeningaScrewCapContainer VideoConference DealingCards Trudging AttributingQualities Reinventing MakingaMoneyLoan BuddingEvent Backbiting SendingSomething Rave SubscribingToaPeriodical ResistingaPolicy ElectingaMember IssuingSomething VaryingEvent GrowingCorn Captioning DispatchingVehicles MimeShow DirectingTheCourse MoneyTransfer HoldingOffActing StayingInaHospital ConqueringaTerritory GuidingaTransportationDevice SunBathing StrokingMovement SplashingWater Murder ReshapingSomething Regaining DepictingInWords ProcessionEvent Customizing Culling AbusingAnAnimal Heterogeneity Inoperability LeaveningDough Citing ChangingMoods ActionSummary-W6H Companionship PlantDisease StandingUp WithdrawingAnAbstractObject Collecting-Hobby TyingInaBow Procuring Firework-Display Sipping ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother LackingElectricalPower WalkingForExercise BusinessOperation PadlockingSomething Liberty Magnificence MaintainingAnExposition Indicting LosingaPerson TwinBirthEvent RoboCall MysticalVision ScramblingFoodStuff ZappingAnAdversary Yay Ranting MeltingDown OpeningAContainerArtifact Dissecting Presentation BusinessEvent DoingAddition TakingaSample HumiliatingSomeone Individuality ActingOnSomething Patronage ClosingEyes SittingAtaTable IntoxicatingAnAgent RegisteringaVehicle Homicide SpendingSpree Bonding Win EmittingCarbonDioxide BeingProminent Weaning StoringBooks Pasteurization PulmonaryCongestion TotalingUpto DevelopingFilm DrillingAHole ImpartingSomething Postponing Seeing ProvidingComfort Biodiversity Extradition StiflingAnImpulse MediaTransferEvent SteamingFood AwardingAnHonor ProppingSomethingUp LikingEvent MakingaRemark Banking Intrusion Recouping WritingWithChalk Unfastening CommunicatingInWriting Rebirth Rephrasing SatelliteTVBroadcasting Jeering Ignoring Revising Mashing PayingInCash Brewing Safari Exodus InvitingToAnEvent AgricultureOrHusbandry Frying ProvidingEmergencyRelief IndividualSkillSport Refunding AttendingaClass AnimalActivity ElectricCurrentTransmission DepositingMoney Fathoming Ductility ChaChaing StoppingaVehicle BeingAbsent ShovingaPerson InfringingARule BeingAnEquivalent MaintainingHealth DatabaseCreation DrawingLots Resettlement Updating Revamping GoverningAsaDictator Dialect Negotiating BeingVisible Encoding DrivingaTaxiCab Bestiality Biting RecommendingAgainstSomething FacialCare RiskyAction ExhibitingaQuality Concatenating Misspelling WritingWithIdeograms CountryLife DatabaseSearching Resuming CursingAtSomeone DepressingaValue Wailing WebServiceEvent FosteringSomething SandingSomething TanningHides BasisForAnAction Spotting PersonalRelationship GettingRidOfSomething PlannedAction FourthPlace RidingAsAnAirplanePassenger GasLeak Toddling Rescuing Poise Pickling Necking PoisingSomething Relinquishment Prancing MovementProcess Marinating LaborProcess Xeroxing Kissing Drag Nurturing ExpectingSomething Nutrition WrappingInaSheet ReducingPerceivedGlare Awakening Reading ThrowingSomethingOverboard Hinting Scandalizing SpaceTravel TravelingWidely FilmingaMovie HavingaTask Foretelling EtchingAnArtwork ReapingCrops PriceReduction RuleByTheElite SpreadingOverAnObject FirstAid HumanRelaxingEvent UnearthingInformation Sermon FlyingWithWings LiveBirthEvent SendingaTweet Butchering WakingUpFromSleep PopularizingaTopic Reprinting Evacuating Mastery Texting SlidingOverSnowOrIce Overabundance StayingOvernightInaHospital Possession TryingOnaGarment Interdiction ServingaLegalDocument UsingaComputer RevealingSomething PassingThroughAClosedDoor BecomingDiverted SwattingInsects Informing Visiting OverDoingSomething ReigningAsaSovereign BehavioralDisposition PromotingSomeone Feedback Imprisonment StageOfDevelopment ImpalingOnaStake Capturing KissingaPerson Hardship Confining Stabbing BuildingaSructure TasteSensation RemovingPhysically Giftedness Extrapolating CreatingAComputerImage Autoclaving RegulatingPassage DelvingIntoaTopic Refining IceSkating MakingaTwoAgentContract RidingaBicycle Inspection DirectedFeeling Defeathering IlluminatingSomething Song-Sung PuttingSomethingIntoStorage Incest KaraokeEvent RiskingSomething CoordinatingaGroup Refinishing Shopping StateOwnership MakingaTreaty ExposingToLight WorkingaMetalObject BecomingAwareOfAnEvent GoingToWork Ultimatum TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay DistributingObjects OvertakingaVehicle CleaningaFloor BurningIncense IntroducingPeople GuidingSomething Assuring DerailingaTrain RoundOfaCompetition StorageOfSomething WritingaLetter Apologizing CreatingSubgroups Compelling Levering Investigation IBTGeneration-Replication Cakewalk RegulatingLightPassage SocialSuccess Drooping UnsettlingaPerson OpeningaBottle BoilingWater Choking LifesavingAction BurgeoningEvent CastingaShadow Cleanup PitchingRightHanded Decline BecomingDisappointed KeepingaSecret EconomicExpansion TrainingAnAgent OrthodonticCareEvent Conditioning SellingActivity BeingSurrounded FinishingAnArtifactSurface ExpressingDisapproval ImmunityFromLegalPunishment ComingApart PayingaRoadToll Peeking LimitingCompetition VehicularTraffic AbradingSomething DepressingaDevicePart AuditingaCourse WashingHair RevealingaFact HavingMoney MakingaQuip Taxonomizing SentencingAction NonExistence Deporting Spitting ContortingTheBody MilitaryWithdrawal Sanitation WakingUp Presidency Burping TheatricalProduction Availability Telecommunication DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup AssigningaResponsibility AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation PassingaLaw FoolishAct GoingSomewhere RelatingAnEvent WalkingAway CrossExamining EmphasizingSomething ThrowingADiscus CashBuying ProcessiveEvent Obscenity Inauguration Absence RespondingToTouch PuttingOnAClothingItem Panning FolkDancing IndustrialProcessiveEvent OpeningSomething Affixing StabilizingaVessel LeaningOnSomething TakingAnOath ReachingaGoal Lapsing EmergencyProcedure Soldering Amnesia Spark DrinkingCoffee Snooping Exhaling BecomingNormal Outnumbering ReleasingaPrisoner ExpandingInVolume Tangoing Speculating Getaway Summoning ScoringPoints EngagingInAnActivity Captivity ThreshingGrain Importance-Status LosingAPhysicalObject Liking ThumbTacking DocumentCreation OpeningaBankAccount TanningSkin Emulation OneUpping ReorganizingaGroup MarkingForIdentification DeservingSomething Growling Ascertaining Oration ContestRank VentingAnger BuyingRealEstate AnimalHusbandry IllBeing Prom Assassination SequencingaBiopolymer Citizenship GymnasticExercise ExclusiveOption ScoringaFieldGoal HiringAnAgent LongJourney DrillingaTooth Masse Breakup Pilfering EmploymentTermination Protecting TelephoneCall AssumingaPosition Cruise Vigilance SocialGathering Operation SupportingSomethingWithTheHand DeployingaParachute AgreeingEvent FertilizingSoil Bleeding Revenge CurveBall BlowingAir SupportingaCauseOrParty Disordering BlurtingOut WritingForPublication Penalizing Saintliness Dabbing SwallowingFood BirdFlight Unawareness RunningAway MaintainingAnObject Finding-Generic TransmittingaComputerInstruction SocialRank Intercommunication Simplifying KeepingSomething Cleansing Privacy MovingByLifting Dieting Dredging-Searching CheckingSomething Unionizing ReducingTheTerminalVelocity Rebellion SubstanceAbuse InstallingSoftware CreatingaLiteraryWork Quaffing ClosingAContainerArtifact Fragmentation Referendum PreparingFoodOrDrink Isolating FootballGame-American SymbolicGesture Conceptualizing CarryingaRider InjectingOrInfusing Opposing EmbarkingOnaVenture AttuningOeself Germinating Cover-Up Maturity GrowingQuickly StandingUprightEvent BlowingTheNose MakingaContract Proposing Gaffe PrejudicingaPerson Nerviness PressingWithaFinger Delusion LivingInTrees Spell TwoTiming BendingOver Asking SynchronizingActions ChemicalAttack Persevering PersuadingToAct Peeving Whirling Buzzing Wholeness SurrenderingaPrisoner InstallmentPayment FeelingWithTheHand Flaunting Unpinning MovingApart Quilting ReflexiveAction Envisioning GarneringSomething HammeringANail EstablishingSomething RiflingaGunBarrel DayDreaming Ambush SelfReliance MovingWithTheHand Authenticating Staring SwabbingWithaSwab SkyrocketingAction SolvingaProblem Accountability BlockingFluidFlow Feasibility ThrowingSnowballs SleepingEvent WearingGloves FeeCollecting Spelunking Internship Trial DividingIntoFineParticles CausingAwe PressingaButton WatchingForTrouble IngestingPoison Insisting Complicity FlightViaAirTransportationDevice Countering KnowingHowToDoSomething Absolving RefractingLight FeedingAnInfant Escalation Alleging ComputerActivity RidingInaSailboat Knitting InitiationCeremony Accepting BuildingaShip MaritalInfidelity RidingInaRoadVehicle Cleverness StaticFriction SoothingAction Trafficking Backstabbing Weariness Surrendering ActionSeries RoutingData MedicalTesting HavingAnimalsInside LockingSomething ConveningaGroup WrittenTesting Conception Selling Strife Confrontation Locomotion-SolidSurface BiologicalDevelopmentEvent HidingAnObjectByMovingIt Fractionation MusicalDrama SubduingByForce Ovulating AnthropogenicGlobalWarming StayingInaPlace Drenching MakingAnAnnuityPayment Regrouping Action Abolishing Smoothening HoldingAnEvent AcceptingSomething Canceling Brotherhood Jilting ClosingaPlaceOfBusiness ControllingAnAgent BeingLarger Vulnerability ChangingaRadioWavePath MaterialHandling Supremacy Coherence Deprivation PercussionEvent SaturatingSomething AttendingaSocialEvent RefiningAnAction ChangeOfCustomEvent InhabitingTheLand SlidingInAndOutOfSomething LinguisticProcess Suggesting Daubing GlazingFood Miming Convincing-CommunicationAct ToastingSomething EncasingSomething Baking HostingGuests Intruding Newscast CarryingWhileLocomoting SupplyingWater Substitution TetheringAnAnimal Transplanting BeingQuarantined Housekeeping IssuingaCommercialLicense Classifying Desensitizing FootballPlay BracingAnObject Fornication Ratifying Rejoicing Mockery SpurningAnOffer Paperwork Suffering UnscrewingaScrew Entrusting PunchingSomeone InterpolatingaText SupportingSomething KeepingaPromise Yodel StubbingaToe GrindingSomethingDown EngagingaWorker Vocalizing Immaturity RaidingForLoot ExemptingFromAnObligation PraisingGod Fraud ConcedingSomething Praising ConservingAnObject StoringInformation Breeding Frisking Scrubbing Prestige Formality ConflictEvent UrgingAnAnimalToAct Obfuscating InvertingSomething PhysicalPossession RepresentingSomething Minimizing Amputation Contraction AppointingEvent Oversleeping Request Inequity DinnerParty FurnishingaSpace EvadingCapture HavingaQualification Farting Kayaking Nosebleed SocialPower RemovingSomething SoloPerformance Indicating StatingaWish Supervising Trespassing MartialArtsSportsEvent MakingTea PuttingFoodOnaPlate UnwindingaSpool Culture Championship Rage MakingAPromise Tsking BeingAware Hiking Homemaking AuditorySensation InfuriatingEvent Piracy BendingOverState AdvertisingCampaign CoordinatedBodyMovement AnimalReproductionEvent Improvising OstentatiousDisplay Enclosing Chaos DwindlingEvent Misinforming ProvidingPhysicalComfort BiologicalProductionEvent GrindingaLens Rereading Stopover Overreacting WinningaContest IncurringaFee TryingHard ExtinguishingaFire DayOfWork Uproar Thanking Fleeing BecomingTiredOfSomething MakingaPaymentOnTime Assuming Campaign PuttingSomethingSomewhere LoomingOminously Branching ActExhibitingCharacterTrait Pedantry FirstGrade ReductionInStatus Filibustering Pioneering ContinueTalking Prefacing MakingaWhistlingSound Spoiling RedeemingaVoucher PitchingWarmUp CausingaNegativeSituation Relocating MakingSomethingAtHome ChangingDirectionOfMotion Displacing Booing Gaping WaterSkiing CuttingInPieces Canoeing Interaction Rehabilitation Interjecting RemovingaGroundSurface ActivatingaDevice Immorality Overhearing SnubbingaPerson ActOfGenerosity HomogenizingMilk Recycling SittingDown Sniping Backlog SocialInstitution WritingByTypewriter EatingaMeal PayingWithMoney Petitioning FilingaDocument ElectingaPresidentOfUSA JellyfishSting Enraging MeetingaDeadlne Sufficing AcrobaticAction BeingOutOfMoney Rummaging VeilingSomething AssociatingWithOtherPeople WashingOnesFaceAndHands Siege FootballInterception Stewing IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate WearingFashionableClothing MedicalAnalyticalTest VictimizingAnAgent CheckingOutPurchases LookingForSomething Breakthrough CausingaFeeling Rebuffing MisCategorizing Vacuuming AcademicManagementEvent NeglectingaCustodialDuty One-TimePayment Wellbeing ConcoctingFood Rushing Collapsing-Folding PluggingAnOpening MintingaCoin BabySitting CollaborativeProject Trampling Fellatio Condoning TakingaCourse Scuffing Bankruptcy Enhancement Forbidding Fragmenting IncentivizingPromisedAction Broadcasting BottleFeedingAnInfant Frivolity BeatingAnAnimal Disengaging Masturbation ProvidingClothing Despising MilkCurdling Referring Trembling ScrollingUp Deregulation TyingUp SwitchingAnElectricDeviceOff InflatingAction Surveillance Licence WowingSomeone Courtship Proving TestOfSkill Encounter DirectAction SeminarCourse AttributingSomethingToSomebody DissolvingaSubstance Spanking Teaching GettingaRide Articulating HeatingWater ReceivingMoney AdvertisingaProduct SharingaResource Deploying BlowingAirFromLungs PolishingShoes BlackballingaCandidate Restating Guzzling Marginalizing Succumbing RepairingEvent Attaching EconomicEmbargo Encroachment SexualCopulation Ordeal IssuingaLicense Camouflaging Imprinting ShreddingEvent SlammingSomethingShut Blaspheming PuttingSomethingDown Tiptoeing AssigningaRule EnteringaRoom Faltering Copyediting BeingaMonarch OrientingOneself PlayingaMusicRecording CalligraphyWriting DazzlingSomeone BecomingBlind Negligence SpatialllyPolarizing CrushingAnObject Sauteing Revitalization HeartBeat Complementarity Remediation Hemming MisusingSomething NewsBroadcasting SingingVoice MakingToast PotatoBlight Rebuilding BlackListing Scrolling Irritability Stumbling GuidingaPersonToSomePlace Sterilizing AccruingByAddition CausingToSwell Dogsledding Soverignty Zippering DanglingSomethingFromAnObject HangingOutWithFriends Camaraderie InternetCommunication Swabbing LivingAlone NeutralizingAnAcid MartialArtsActivity-Asian Combustibility SellingaService Rowing Towing Makeover TwirlingaBaton PumpingBlood StokingaFire Hypothesizing Wrangling HittingaPerson SummoningSomeone Detracting Revelation Punishing Smelling HavingaPower HighPriorityTask OfferingABribe ChangingAnAgentsAction Reporting PlayingDefense PhysiologicalProcess SpitBallPitch ExtendingaDocument Clutter InPersonConversation Formatting InconveniencingaPerson StateOfTheArt Feelings Courtesy Repression CookingMeat ArguingInFavorOfSomething FiringSomeone RollerSkating SelfControl WalkingOnTwoLegs SteeringaRoadVehicle Standardizing Skewering PayingPeriodically AssertingEvent ReturningaPurchase SelfGovernment Largeness BlockingTheViewOfSomething Onomatopoeia SleepWalking BailingOut ExpellingaPerson Summarizing LayeringAnObject StowingFully SuppressingActivity Outweighing Scribbling MilitaryDefenseAction Impersonating GlazingAnObject AdministeringaCity ParkingaRoadVehicle CreatingAnArtifact 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HittingAnOpponent OriginOfTheUniverse Brushing Migration PurposefulInaction ReachingaGoalState Merrymaking ConsolidatingAction MarketMonopoly Spree EnlistingInTheMilitary Startup ExpressingSomething Intractability TakingAnExam Discharge Retiring ContinueMoving LingeringAction AnimalFeeding Brownout Stiffening Easing Beckoning Disguising Quantifying Auction NewLife SpaceTransportationEvent AgingaSubstance InstallmentRepayment Rediscovering FullFacial Running PausingAction Trawling BoilingAnEgg Monitoring CurlingGame LosingaPetAnimal Endeavor AbdominalSurgery BeingAttractedToSomething MakingaBoomingSound Revoking Lugging Drawing-Depicting Chuckle Propelling ReopeningSomething RockingSomething Industrialization FramingaPerson TVTransmitting RavingAboutSomething ClosingADoor HeadShake SpreadingOfaTumor PhysicalPhenomenon MakingSomeoneDrunk DrugTherapy Bloodbath EnrollingAsaStudent Practice ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid Throbbing Quoting Concession Research GropingForSomething Satiating GivingCredit Exaggerating ReleasingaHeldObject Tidying Plagiarism Disarranging Implying Banquet UsingaTollRoad Acceptance GivingaPrize Deterrent SmokingFood YeastBudding Fulfillment Romance GatheringTogetherOfPeople UnderpinningAnObject Crossbreeding Binding Wading Defrauding Barbecueing LocalIntercommunication DualScoreEvent UsingSomething Implanting PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss ValedictoryAddress Surfing PublicPolicyDispute AccompanyingaPerson StoringAirplanes EnclosingAnObject ThrivingEvent EludingCapture Quizzing FlailingAnAnimal Refinancing EnhancingSomething Flippancy Precession Preempting Sniffling Creeping SignLanguageSign Shrieking KickingaFootBall StaringAtLips Landing Massacre Fantasizing EatingaWithTheFingers WithdrawingAnObject StrikingaDrum Circumcision CaningaPerson MakingaTwoAgentDeal Reordering Diversity Disclaiming Linguicism LowStatus GrantingPermission Pronunciation RentingState Rendering LobbingaTennisBall AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal LeavingSomethingBehind StaffingAnOrganization Soliloquy Appeal Smothering Epiphany Overeating Swashing AnalyticalTest HavingHorns Constructing StrikingAnObjectWithaTool Annulling HavingaRight PreparingForSituation Marveling GatheringFromPeople AbettingaCrime Continuity Eloping Mothering SpearheadingAnActivity Catcall Depletion IcingaCake Accustoming DisplayingArtWorks Motherhood Discoloring RhetoricalManeuver MakingSomethingNoticeable Competing Validating AccompanyingResult Condolence SwimmingStroke Petnapping Printing FeedingAnAnimal WalkingOnSnow ControllingTiming Airbrushing TakingCareOfSomething Raising Failure Blackmail ChangingaLightPath Disseminating Pronouncement SwoopingDown HeavingAnObject CuttingaGrooveInWood TransmittingForce Refraining Unfolding Blooming Excellence Clarifying LyingProstrate Abhorring GradingaLandArea Overruling SupressingaMemory Standing BecomingSobered Symposium Proofreading FormingAnOpinion GrowingEvent DiggingInTheGround MeasuringTemperature Health ParingSomething Flailing Remembering SemifinalTournamentRound Thwarting Goading EndangeringSomething TickBiting Stealth BecomingOlder FaceLift ExplorationSearch ShootingaFirearm Attesting Compressing BeingEsteemed GivingaReward CoiningaWord StopTalking Finalizing PurposefulAction ReleasingSomething ForbiddingEntry FinancingaBusiness ChangeOfResidence Claiming Dishonesty DiggingaMilitaryTrench CelebratingChristmas AwardingAnAcademicDegree Bemusing Re-examining FlingingSomething Burglary RockOrSnowSlide Cramming Shock-PhysiologicalCondition EnteringAVehicle PreferentialTreatment MilitaryDrilling RecruitingActivity BirthControl Discarding NonpaymentLoss AccessingAnIBT GivingaPerformanceBonus Disproving DescribingSomething Squatting GivingAnAllowance MaskingSomething Sleighing Cunnilingus JuvenileDelinquency Waltzing Psychoanalysis Deserting Trek Politicizing Abortion Apprenticing Guaranteeing EnrollingInSchool CategoryError ConsideringToBe SmellingDeliberately DayCare Disliking ModusOperandi Allotting DiggingaTrench Circus Receiving Mowing Gnawing BicycleRacing CreatingaRepresentation RoofingaStructure Clotting Obscurity Tightening FoxTrotting BeingaMemberOfaGroup Immigrating QuietingDown BetrayingaTrust Pulverizing IncurringAnInjury MountingaHorse Taxation FifthPlace SponsoringaPerson Fining WashingLaundry DryingDishesWithaTowel FrequentMoodSwings NonVerbalCommunicating Tonsillectomy ExhaustingaSupply PausingHostilities EmotionalState Convention DrugAbuse Escorting TransferringOwnership Stranding Biopsy TestingEvent GatheringRags Sunbathing Excusing FundRaising Counteracting Blackout MakingArrangements Loitering BatteringAnObject Voting ShotAtaGoal Luxuriating FoundingAnOrganization HuddlngTogether WritingInCapitalLetters BeingDead Incising DischargingPassengers MakingSomethingPopular EsteemingSomeone Whacking ConformingAction DefendingAgainstAnAccusation CommercialActivity Acme Blaming PoliticalCampaign InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess SpendingMoney CoalMining PredisposingToAction Recruitment Notifying SupportingFeminism Fetishism Understating MilitaryEvent Kidnapping Reconciling RollingAnObject AntisocialAction BlowToTheHead ManagementEvent LodgingSomewhere DiceGame FunctioningOfaDevice Riding PenetratingSomething Venerating Utility Acquainting ExercisingCommandAndControl Swelling-Generic TeeingUp FutureMeeting MessingSomethingUp Impeding GrowingPlants BeingInaRole HatingEvent SocialIntercourse DatabaseUpdate ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople RebuffingaPerson Offending Smoking ExtendingaScope BoringSomeone Deodorizing Saving Scorekeeping Dozing ConveyingaFluid ExpellinganAgent SpacingThingsOut BallisticMovementInAir Palliation ConceivingOfSomething Entirety Glaring SewageTreatment Splicing SensingByaDevice Listening Bequeathing RustlingSound BadExperience Inconvenience Tickle DiggingAHole CastingSomething Congestion Voyeurism BloodFlow BeingLuminous FirstPlace IncreasingIntensity Scrutiny UsingADevice GrippingWithHands Superconductivity Seminar Brokering Applauding Parachuting AircraftTakeoff Irradiating CleansingHair SpellingaWord PrayingHandsGesture HarshBehavior Enthroning VentingaFluid Talking JudicialDecision PracticalJoke Limelight GoverningaCountry DramaticPerformance Downloading DedicatingaPublicFacility ComplianceWithTheLaw ArtilleryFire Lifetime Awareness DocumentBindingEvent HelpingaBride UsingLand ShootingSomething ReservingaService TsunamiImpact CommercialFarming Outvoting ShufflingWalk GroupResistance Skillfulness HavingManyPeopleInside Mobility Perceiving-Involuntary Plundering Specificity SignalingAction Nailing MisspendingMoney BeingEmployed Requesting DiscouragingSomeone ReElection ShirkingaDuty RecruitingUnionMembers UploadingaFile ExtendingAnObject Mitigation PhysicalTherapy Plowing Remarrying SharpeningaPencil Recapturing SymbolicGesturing CopyrightInfringement TendingBar SquanderingResources HerdingCattle Threatening Innovating Automating Decreeing Relocation Challenging Targeting ChillingWithIce Paternity DeprecatedAction ViolatingAnObligation Hula AirTransportationEvent Epiphanie Unbuttoning IBTRecoding BecomingPregnant ShippingByWater

ActionWithAccompaniment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionWithAccompaniment`
Description	An ''ActionWithAccompaniment'' is an ''EventGroup'' consisting of two ''Action''s, an ''AccompaniedEvent'' and an ''Accompaniment''. The ''AccompaniedEvent'' and/or the ''Accompaniment'' can itself be an ''EventGroup''. The ''AccompaniedEvent'' and the ''Accompaniment'' have some relation to each other.
Super-classes	Coinciding^c EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value AccompaniedEvent^c hasComponentElement^op value Accompaniment^c

Actionable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Actionable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'actionable' in Wordnet: 1. actionable - (affording grounds for legal action; 'slander is an actionable offense')`
Super-classes	MotionAttribute^c

ActivatingaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActivatingaDevice`
Description	''ActivatingaDevice'' is an Action that 'turns on' some Device, enabling it to perform some Action. This is broad, including devices other than electric, but is restricted to Devices. For electrical devices See subtype ''SwitchingaDeviceOn''. The type of Device and type of action that the device performs need to be specified. NOTE: the relationships between the verb 'avtiate' and the noun form 'activation' given in WordNet do not seem to correspond to the glosses and hierarchical positions of the different forms. This type approximates one interpretation of those meanings. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'activate' in WordNet: 1. (3) trip, actuate, trigger, activate, set off, spark off, spark, trigger off, touch off - (put in motion or move to act; 'trigger a reaction'; 'actuate the circuits') WN noun 'actiation': 2. energizing, activating, activation - (the activity of causing to have energy and be active) 3. activation - (making active and effective (as a bomb))
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op some (FunctioningOfaDevice^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice^c SwitchingaDeviceOn^c

Active^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Active`
Description	''Active'' is an AttributeValue that has the general meaning of 'currently performing some action'. This is a FunctionalAttributeValue which is polysemic and needs sophisticated disambiguation depending on the type being modified and context. This includes people who are performing some intentional effort over some period of time, which may include rest periods or vacations. For a Person being active at some specific time use subAttribute ''AwakeAndActive''. But this can also refer to aomething that is merely 'acting as the subject in some grammatical Action regardless of whether the something is actually doing anything other than existing - 'The box sat on the shelf'. This may be too broad, but for now it has this broad interpretation,and subAttributes can be more specific when the term 'active' is needed to represent something more specific. In text it is a function that creates a subtype of the type modified. It may also be an attribute of individuals, indicating that a particular individual is in some way acting when it might not be acting in the same way. This FunctionalAttribute will be quite complex, since there are multiple senses. The selection of the sense may be contained within procedures attached to either this attribute, or the type of thing that it might modify. For 'active' as in 'active ingredients' (having an effect) use ''Active-Effective'' For the more specific sense 1, use 'AwakeAndActive'. The Random House Webster has 19 senses for the adjective 'active': 1. engaged in action; characterized by energetic work, participation, etc.; busy: an active life. 2. being in a state of existence, progress, or motion: active hostilities. WN(8) alive - (in operation; 'keep hope alive'; 'the tradition was still alive'; 'an active tradition') 3. involving physical effort and action: active sports. 4. having the power of quick motion; nimble: active as a gazelle. WN (5) characterized by energetic activity; 'an active toddler'; 'active as a gazelle'; 'an active man is a man of action' 5. (frequency of activity characteristic of the type) characterized by action, motion, volume, use, participation, etc.: an active market in wheat; an active list of subscribers. WN(7) full of activity or engaged in continuous activity; 'an active seaport'; 'an active bond market'; 'an active account') 6. causing activity or change; capable of exerting influence (opposed to passive): active treason. 7. effective (opposed to inert): active ingredients. WN: exerting influence or producing a change or effect 8. Gram. noting or pertaining to a voice of verbal inflection in which typically the subject of the sentence is represented as performing the action expressed by the verb (opposed to passive): Writes in He writes a letter every day is an active verb form. 9. requiring or giving rise to action; practical: an active course. 10. (of a volcano) in eruption. 11. Accounting. profitable; busy: active accounts. 12. requiring personal effort or attention; not automatic: an active alarm system. 13. interest-bearing: active paper. 14. Med. acting quickly; producing immediate effects: active remedies. 15. Sociol. (of a crowd) engaging in purposeful activity, often of a militant nature. Cf. expressive (def. 4). 16. Aerospace. able to transmit signals: an active communications satellite. 17. Electronics. (of a device or system) acting as a source of electrical energy, as a generator, or capable of amplifying or converting voltages or currents, as a transistor or diode. 18. (of a solar heating system) accumulating and distributing solar heat by mechanical means. 19. Mil. serving on active duty. This is a broad scope adjective, including all the senses of 'active' other than 5 and 6 (subAttributes) in Wordnet: 1. (9) active - (tending to become more severe or wider in scope; 'active tuberculosis') 2. (7) active, combat-ready, fighting - (engaged in or ready for military or naval operations; 'on active duty'; 'the platoon is combat-ready'; 'review the fighting forces') 3. (5) active - (disposed to take action or effectuate change; 'a director who takes an active interest in corporate operations'; 'an active antagonism'; 'he was active in drawing attention to their grievances') 4. (4) active, participating - (taking part in an activity; 'an active member of the club'; 'he was politically active'; 'the participating organizations') 5. (3) active - (characterized by energetic activity; 'an active toddler'; 'active as a gazelle'; 'an active man is a man of action') 6. (2) active - (exerting influence or producing a change or effect; 'an active ingredient') 7. (2) active - (full of activity or engaged in continuous activity; 'an active seaport'; 'an active bond market'; 'an active account') 8. (1) active, alive - (in operation; 'keep hope alive'; 'the tradition was still alive'; 'an active tradition') 9. active - (of the sun; characterized by a high level activity in sunspots and flares and radio emissions) 10. active - (expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic function of actor: 'Hemingway favors active constructions') 11. active, dynamic - (expressing action rather than a state of being; used of verbs (e.g. 'to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. 'running' in 'running water')) 12. active - ((of e.g. volcanos) capable of erupting) 13. active - ((of e.g. volcanos) erupting or liable to erupt; 'active volcanos') 14. active - (engaged in full-time work; 'active duty'; 'though past retirement age he is still active in his profession')
Super-classes	FunctionalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Dynamic^c Collaborative^c AwakeAndActive^c Participating^c Spirited^c

Active-Effective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Active-Effective`
Description	''Active-Effective'' is an AttributeValue of substances that have some specific 'activity' that can be of any kind, but is most commonly applied to physiological effects that can be caused by DrugSubstances or insecticides or poisons. `Specifically the ''ActiveIngredient''s of ''DrugProduct's are ''Active-Effective''. Of The 19 Random House Webster senses for the adjective 'active', sense 7 is the meaning that this type represents 7. effective (opposed to inert): active ingredients. This corresponds to sense 6 of 'active' in Wordnet: 6. (2) active - (exerting influence or producing a change or effect; 'an active ingredient')`
Super-classes	Effective^c FunctionalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	TherapeuticallyEffective^c

Active-Energetic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Active-Energetic

Description

''Active-Energetic'' is an AttributeValue of Animals and HumanActivity that is characterized by frequent movement from place to place.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'active' in Wordnet:
        5. (3) active - (characterized by energetic activity;
         'an active toddler'; 'active as a gazelle'; 'an active man is a man of action')

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

ActiveIngredient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActiveIngredient`
Description	The ''ActiveIngredient'' one of the component substances of a mixture that has the effect that is intended when that mixture is used for some purposes. Other ingredients may perform other functions such as the 'base' (the main component that has not activity), dissolving the ''ActiveIngredient''(s) to make it easily used, or as preservatives, as colorants, or as filler to make the ''ActiveIngredient''(s) easier to manipulate, or any other function that the manufacturer considers useful. . This type is applied commonly in ''DrugProduct''s but is also used for other types of substances that are useful, especially when useful in dilute form (such as insecticides). `preservative? cosmetics? " drugProduct " DrugSubstanceType`
Super-classes	GenericSubstance^c Component^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Active-Effective^c isaComponentSubstanceOf^op some SubstanceType^c

Activeness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Activeness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'activeness' in WordNet: 2. activeness, activity - (the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically; 'the level of activity declines with age')`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Sprightliness^c Spiritedness^c

Activism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Activism`
Description	''Activism'' is a ''Policy'' of taking direct action to support a cause. 'direct action' is not necessarily a confrontation. Peacefully demonstrating is included. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'activism' in WordNet: 1. (2) activism - (a policy of taking direct and militant action to achieve a political or social goal)`
Super-classes	Policy^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only SupportingAction^c refersToFutureSituation^op only DesiredFutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	Terrorism^c

Activist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Activist`
Description	A ''Activist'is a ''Supporter'' who supports some cause or organization or PoliticalParty by personal effort; someone who performs some ''SupportingAction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'activist' in WordNet: 1. militant, activist - (a militant reformer)`
Super-classes	Supporter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupportingAction^c
Sub-classes	Environmentalist^c TerroristAgent^c

ActivityCharacteristic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActivityCharacteristic`
Description	An attribute of a 'Population' that consists of the performance of certain characteristic behaviors. The characteristic behaviors may be routine (going to Mass on Sunday for observant Catholics) or sporadic, possible triggered by eents (characreistic reactions to Events). To fit into this category the evidence of such characteristic behavior should be more than anecdotal.
Super-classes	PopulationCharacteristic^c
Sub-classes	RoutineActivityCharacteristic^c

ActivityEnthusiast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActivityEnthusiast`
Description	A ''ActivityEnthusiast'' is an ''Enthusiast'' who so strongly likes to perform some type of Activity that this liking appears almost as strong as a substance addiction. This type of liking is stronger than the parent 'Enthusiasm''. Distinguishing an ''Enthusiast'' from a true 'junky' made be judgmental in borderline cases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'addict' in WordNet: 1. addict, nut, freak, junkie, junky - (someone who is so ardently devoted to something that it resembles an addiction; 'a golf addict'; 'a car nut'; 'a bodybuilding freak'; 'a news junkie')`
Super-classes	Enthusiast^c
Restrictions	isaFanOf^op some (HumanActivity^c or AgentType^c)

ActivityTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActivityTopic`
Description	An 'ActivityTopic' is a Topic that includes and points to different objects, events, processes, relations, and attributes that relate to some type of activity that is carried out by agents - people, animals, or organizations..
Super-classes	Topic^c
Sub-classes	Photography^c

ActivityTypeFocusGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActivityTypeFocusGroup`
Description	A GroupOfPeople who are united by some common interest in an activity. This is not an Organization, as it is in Cyc. An Organization whose members constitute an ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' might include such organizations as an 'IdeologicalOrganization'. NOTE that this is not an Organization, but a GroupOfPeople, which both a PhysicalObject and an IntelligentAgent. The distinction between Organization and GroupOfPeople is not observedd in Cyc or SUMO, and there are therefore differences in concepts related to those entities. NOTE: Cyc makes this a subtype of Organization, but in COSMO it is not an Organization. Cyc: #$ActivityTypeFocusGroup is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$ActivityTypeFocusGroup is an organization which focuses on some type of activity, such as stamp collecting or sailing.
Super-classes	BandOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	Corps^c Faction^c CoupPlotters^c Clique^c LeftWing^c

Actor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Actor`
Description	A ''Actor'' is a ''Person'' who is the primary''Participant'' in an ''Action'' and typically takes the initiative to make the 'Action'' happen. `For the thespian 'actor' use ''ActorActress'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'actor' in WordNet: 2. actor, doer, worker - (a person who acts and gets things done; 'he's a principal actor in this affair'; 'when you want something done get a doer'; 'he's a miracle worker')`
Super-classes	Person^c Participant^c
Restrictions	wasTheMainParticipantIn^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Doer^c

ActorActress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActorActress`
Description	CYC: The collection of people whose job it is to entertain others by taking on the roles of other characters in #$DramaticPerformances, i.e. someone who practicesOccupation of ''DramaticActing''. This sense includes male and female actors (a usage which is becoming common even linguistically); for the specifically female ActorActress use 'Actress'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'actor' and sense 1 of 'actress' in WordNet: 1. (14) actor, histrion, player, thespian, role player - (a theatrical performer) WN 'actress': 1. (3) actress - (a female actor)`
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c
Restrictions	playsTheRoleOf^op some DramaticRole^c practicesOccupation^op value DramaticActing^c
Sub-classes	ActorOnTV^c ActorInMovies^c StarActor^c Actress^c

ActorInMovies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActorInMovies`
Description	CYC: The collection of people whose job it is to act in movies. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'movie actor' in WordNet: 1. screen actor, movie actor - (an actor who plays a role in a film)`
Super-classes	ActorActress^c
Sub-classes	MovieStar^c

ActorOnTV^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActorOnTV`
Description	CYC: The collection of people whose job it is to act in television shows. It does not include talk-show hosts and news personnel, who do not pretend to be something they are not.
Super-classes	ActorActress^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some TelevisionProgram^c

ActorsInaPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActorsInaPerformance`
Description	An 'ActorsInaPerformance' is the Group of 'ActorActress'es that have participated as actors in some entertainment Action, such as a Movie, play, television show, or other performance.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only ActorActress^c

ActorsLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActorsLine`
Description	Each ''ActorsLine'' is a ''LineOfText-Abstract'' that represents what an actor speaks at some point in a play or movie. This is what is spoken at one time between periods of silence for that actor. `RHW represents all of one actors ''ActorsLine''s, which would be a Group of ''ActorsLine''s. RHW: 10. Usually, 'lines'. the words of an actor's part in a drama, musical comedy, etc.: to rehearse one's lines. None of the 29 WN senses of 'line' seems to fit.`
Super-classes	LineOfText-Abstract^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only Speaking^c

Actress^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Actress

Description

A female 'ActorActress'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 'actress' in WordNet:
          WN 'actress':
            1. (3) actress - (a female actor)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
ActorActress^c

Actual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Actual`
Description	The FunctionalAttribute 'Actual', when modifying some type, is a function that creates a subtype of the type modified. 'Actual' specifies something existing in the given situation, as opposed to something that might have been predicted or could have been otherwise: e.g. 'He should have been in Reno, but his actual location is Las Vegas.' This is similar to 'Real', but used in contexts where there is some alternative possibility that is proposed ('the actual value was twice what was estimated') 'Real'' is used for things that are in the 'RealWorld' as opposed to imagination or theory or myth, The interpretaition of 'Actual' in a text will likely depend on previous portions of the text or context to determine what might otherwise have been true, as opposed to the actual thing which is true. The meaning overlaps with 'true' and 'real'. This type includes all 6 adjective senses in WordNet, plus sense 2 of 'authentic'; the distinctions need to be examined to see of there are logical criteria for different senses (one may be 'non-fictional' or 'not faked or reenacted', sense 2, overlapping with 'original'; and sense 3, an attribute of Events) @ToDo: in WordNet: 1. (23) actual, existent - (presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible; 'the predicted temperature and the actual temperature were markedly different'; 'actual and imagined conditions') 2. (8) actual - (taking place in reality; not pretended or imitated; 'we saw the actual wedding on television'; 'filmed the actual beating') 3. (3) actual, genuine, literal, real - (being or reflecting the essential or genuine character of something; 'her actual motive'; 'a literal solitude like a desert'- G.K.Chesterton; 'a genuine dilemma') 4. (2) actual, factual - (existing in act or fact; 'rocks and trees...the actual world'; 'actual heroism'; 'the actual things that produced the emotion you experienced') 5. de facto, actual, factual - (existing in fact whether with lawful authority or not; 'de facto segregation is as real as segregation imposed by law'; 'a de facto state of war') 6. actual - (being or existing at the present moment; 'the ship's actual position is 22 miles due south of Key West') WN adj 'authentic': 2. (6) authentic, bona fide, unquestionable, veritable - (not counterfeit or copied; 'an authentic signature'; 'a bona fide manuscript'; 'an unquestionable antique'; 'photographs taken in a veritable bull ring') WN adj 'true': 7. genuine, true, unfeigned - (not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed; 'genuine emotion'; 'her interest in people was unfeigned'; 'true grief')
Super-classes	FunctionalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Real-World^c Fact-Based^c

Acupuncture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acupuncture`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$ServiceEvents where #$Acupuncture, an originally Chinese practice of puncturing the body at specific points, is used to cure disease or to relieve pain. #$Acupuncture is not a #$MedicalTreatmentEvent because it is not necessarily performed by a medical care professional. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acupuncture' in WordNet: 1. acupuncture, stylostixis - (treatment of pain or disease by inserting the tips of needles at specific points on the skin)`
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c PuncturingTheSkin^c SingleDoerAction^c ServiceEvent^c ProfessionalServicing^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value AcupunctureNeedle^c hasSubEvent^op value PuncturingTheSkin^c

AcupunctureNeedle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcupunctureNeedle`
Description	CYC: A collection of needles designed specifically for acupuncture.
Super-classes	HandTool^c Needle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Acupuncture^c

Acupuncturist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acupuncturist`
Description	The class of health professionals who provide ''Acupunture'' treatment.
Super-classes	NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Acupuncture^c

Acute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Acute

Description

''Acute'' is an AttributeValue of some phase of an ''AilmentCondition'' that is not only ''Intense'' but also at a peak phase (in contrast to potentially low-level or persistent).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'acute' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) acute - (having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course;
            'acute appendicitis'; 'the acute phase of the illness'; 'acute patients')

Super-classes VeryBad^c
Intense^c

AcuteAngled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcuteAngled`
Description	''AcuteAngled'' is the property of an Angle that is less than 90 degrees, or of an Object that has an acute angle. `Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'acute.' in Wordnet: 4. acute - (of an angle; less than 90 degrees)`
Super-classes	SharpAngled^c
Sub-classes	Oblique^c

AdLib^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdLib`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'ad lib' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ad lib, ad libitum, spontaneously, impromptu - (without advance preparation; 'he spoke ad lib')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Adaptation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adaptation`
Description	An ''Adaptation'' is a variant version of some ''TextualPCW'' (a text or spoken 'Linguistic Phrases' ) that has been changed so as to conform to the requirements of a different form of presentation or language. This is used for playscripts or movie scripts based on an original text, but can also be used for ''Translation''s or just later versions with or without added material (such as updates for factual texts). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adaptation' in WordNet: 1. (1) adaptation, version -(a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form; 'the play is an adaptation of a short novel')`
Super-classes	Version^c TextualPCW^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value AdaptingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Translation^c

AdaptingCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdaptingCurrent`
Description	''AdaptingCurrent'' is the act of changing some attribute of an ''ElectricCurrent'' to another. This can be used to represent the change of voltage values, as in 240 to 120 volts, or the change from A to DC or vice-versa.
Super-classes	AdaptingSomething^c
Restrictions	uses^op value CurrentConverter^c hadObjectModified^op value ElectricCurrent^c

AdaptingInformationToAnAudience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdaptingInformationToAnAudience`
Description	''AdaptingInformationToAnAudience'' is the act of changing some attribute of an ''InformationObject'' so as to make it more comprehensible or more interesting to some specific ''Audience'' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gear' in Wordnet: 1. (3) gear, pitch - (set the level or character of; 'She pitched her speech to the teenagers in the audience')`
Super-classes	AdaptingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value InformationObject^c hadBeneficiary^op some GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	PopularizingaTopic^c

AdaptingOneself^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdaptingOneself`
Description	''AdaptingOneself'' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent makes some changes to her.his own behavior, and possibly to things that can affect his/her behavior, as a result of a real or perceived change of circumstances. This is broad, and covers actions that occur frequently and routinely in human behavior. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'adapt' and part of noun sense 2 of 'adaptation' in WordNet: 2. (3) adjust, conform, adapt - (adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions; 'We must adjust to the bad economic situation') WN noun 'accommodation': 1. adjustment, accommodation, fitting - (making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances) WN noun 'adaptation': 2. adaptation, adaption, adjustment - (the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions))`
Super-classes	Modification^c BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Habituation^c Socializing-Adapting^c

AdaptingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdaptingSomething`
Description	''AdaptingSomething'' is a ''Modification'' of something other than the Agent (for the former use ''AdaptingOneself''). The Thing adapted can be an Object, Action, or Substance, and the purpose is to change the thing modified to make it more suitable for the adapting Agent's purposes. The thing adapted can be of any kind but not the prime agent of the act. ''AdaptingSomething'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which something - some part or attribute of an Object - is changed so as to make it more 'fitting' or appropriate or useful to achieve some goal. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adapt' and part of noun sense 2 of 'adaptation' in WordNet: 1. (7) adapt, accommodate - (make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose; 'Adapt our native cuisine to the available food resources of the new country') WN noun 'adaptation': 2. adaptation, adaption, adjustment - (the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions))`
Super-classes	Adjusting^c Modification^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some ObjectType^c produces^op value Adaptation^c hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c
Sub-classes	Encoding^c DataCompression^c TranslatingWrittenText^c AdaptingInformationToAnAudience^c AdaptingCurrent^c

Adaptive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adaptive

Description

''Adaptive'' is an Attribute of Objects that are capable of performing an ''AdaptingOneself'' or serving as the Object of an ''AdaptingSomething'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adaptive' in Wordnet:
          1. adaptive, adaptative - (having a capacity for adaptation; 
             'the adaptive coloring of a chameleon')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Added^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Added`
Description	''Added'' is an attribute of something that was added into something else in an ''AddingEvent'' (or some subtype of such an Event). `Essentially identical in meaning to Adjective instance 'additional', but this is a type in the AttributeValue hierarchy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'additional' and sense 3 of 'extra' in WordNet: 1. extra, additional - (further or added; 'called for additional troops'; 'need extra help'; 'an extra pair of shoes')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Supplementary^c

AddedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AddedObject`
Description	An 'AddedObject' is an 'Object' added to another 'Object' in an 'AddingEvent', to create an aggregate larger than the original 'Object'; this is a Role that the added object acquires as a result of being a participant in the 'AddingEvent'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'addition' in WordNet: 1. (5) addition, add-on, improver - (a component that is added to something to improve it; 'the addition of a bathroom was a major improvement'; 'the addition of cinnamon improved the flavor')`
Super-classes	Object^c Role^c
Restrictions	wasAffectedByEvent^op value AddingEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Added^c
Sub-classes	Filler^c Comment^c AdditionalInformation^c Afterthought^c

Addendum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Addendum`
Description	An ''Addendum'' is ''AdditionalInformation'' added to the end of an ''AbstractDocument''. This is not ''AdditionalInformation'' (e.g. references, footnotes, images, illustrations) interspersed among other parts of a document. `NOTE that this is for the AbstractDocument - it will have physical representation in any published material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'addendum' in WordNet: 1. addendum, supplement, postscript - (textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end)`
Super-classes	DocumentPart^c AdditionalInformation^c
Sub-classes	BookAppendix^c

Addict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Addict`
Description	A ''Addict'' is a ''Person'' who has an addiction, i.e. is performing the state of ''Addiction'' such that the Person has a compulsion (a 'craving') to ingest some form of Substance. `This is not the same as an 'Enthusiast' though the term 'addict' is sometimes usd for people with a strong enthusiasm for some Activity. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'addict' in WordNet: 2. addict - (someone who is physiologically dependent on a substance; abrupt deprivation of the substance produces withdrawal symptoms)`
Super-classes	DrugUser^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Addiction^c
Sub-classes	Alcoholic^c DrugAddict^c

Addicted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Addicted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'addicted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) addicted - (compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming; 'she is addicted to chocolate'; 'addicted to cocaine')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	DrugAddicted^c

Addiction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Addiction`
Description	''Addiction'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which a Person ingests quantities of substance that are excessive and can cause significant health problems but is unwilling to stop due to some malfunction of normal mental self-control. Major subtypes could be alcohol or opiod addiction. This is for compulsive behavior with significant deleterious effect: Doing something one likes a lot,even if it is not optimal for health or success, is not automatically 'addiction'. This tpe does not include overeating or 'excessive' sexual activity. This is considered a ''MentalIllness'' in COSMO, as that term broadly includes any illess that has a significant component of abnormal mental functioning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'addiction' in WordNet: 1. addiction, dependence, dependance, dependency, habituation - (being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs))
Super-classes	MentalIllness^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	causes^op value CompulsiveBehavior^c mayCause^op value DrugAbuse^c hasSubEvent^op value Compulsion^c isPerformedBy^op value Addict^c
Sub-classes	DrugAddiction^c Alcoholism^c

Addictive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Addictive

Description

''Addictive'' is an AttributeValue of a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that, when ingested, may cause the user to become unable to refrain from further use, even when that use is harmful, and even when the user recognizes it as harmful. The degree to which such use may cause ''Addiction'' varies among people.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'addictive' in Wordnet:
        1. addictive, habit-forming - (causing or characterized by addiction;
          'addictive drugs'; 'addictive behavior')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AddictiveSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AddictiveSubstance`
Description	`opioids and alcohol, notably`
Super-classes	Role^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Addictive^c
Sub-classes	Heroin^c Barbiturate^c Nicotine^c Cocaine^c Opioid^c Opiate^c Morphine^c Narcotic^c Amphetamine^c

AddingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AddingEvent`
Description	An 'AddingEvent' is an Action in which some Agent adds some entity to another to create something larger. This can be the abstract process of addition (see 'DoingAddition') or the physical adding of some physical objects (or substances) to others to create a larger aggregate of physical objects or subsances. This is not for abstract or metaphorical additions. Both the object addded and the object added to are considered as being 'affected' and have the traditional semantic role of 'patient', but the restriction only requires specifying the thing added (the 'Addition'), since there is as yet (rev937 - @ToDo) no type for the thing added to. A more abstract 'adding' may be useful. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'add' and part of noun sense 2 of 'addition'(for physical objects only) in WordNet: 1. (395) add - (make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of; 'We added two students to that dorm room'; 'She added a personal note to her letter'; 'Add insult to injury'; 'Add some extra plates to the dinner table') WN noun 'addition': 2. (5) addition - (the act of adding one thing to another; 'the addition of flowers created a pleasing effect'; 'the addition of a leap day every four years')
Super-classes	Action^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Added^c hadAddedObject^op some (AddedObject^c or owl:Thing^c)
Sub-classes	PrimingaPump^c DoingAddition^c Concatenating^c Leavening^c Cushioning^c Implanting^c Politicizing^c IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c FillingInCracks^c Elaborating^c DepositingMoney^c SaturatingSomething^c Enriching^c Diversifying^c ChargingABattery^c SeasoningFood^c Insulating^c Dirtying^c Automating^c ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c Expansion^c Decorating^c Bolstering^c

AddingMachine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AddingMachine

Description

A mechanical calculating device, which may do multiplication and division as well as addition and subtraction. An 'AddingMachine' may be powered by hand or by electricity, but the calculations must be performed by mechinical interactions of moving parts, and not by electronic signals. For electronic calulating devices, use 'Calculator'.

    NOTE that, unlike in WordNet, an 'AddingMachine' is not a subtype of 'Calculator',
       which term is reserved in COSMO for electronic devices.

      Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'calculator' and part of 
      sense 1 of 'adding machine' (for mechanical adders) in WordNet:
        1. (2) calculator, calculating machine - (a small machine that
          is used for mathematical calculations)
      WN noun 'adding machine':
        1. adding machine, totalizer, totaliser - (a calculator that performs simple arithmetic functions)

Super-classes Artifact-NonAgentive^c
ManufacturedGoods^c

AddingaFootnote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AddingaFootnote`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footnote' in WordNet: 1. annotate, footnote - (add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments; 'The scholar annotated the early edition of a famous novel')`
Super-classes	Annotation^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Footnote^c

AdditionalInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdditionalInformation`
Description	''AdditionalInformation'' is some quantity of ''Information-Content'' that is added to some previously communicated 'Information-Content'', in any of various forms and for any of various purposes. Supplementary information, references, footnotes, images, illustrations, clarifying information, etc.
Super-classes	Information-Content^c AddedObject^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Supplementary^c
Sub-classes	Addendum^c Illustration^c Explanation^c

Additive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Additive`
Description	Each subtype of 'Additive' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that has been added to some other substance, and comprises less than one-half of the total by weight in the resulting Mixture, usually much less than half. RHW 'additive': 1. Something that is added, as one substance to another, to alter or improve the general quality or to counteract undesirable properties: an additive that thins paint. NOTE that the WN sense is for additrives only intended to improve a substance, whereas the COSMO sense is more general, and includes 'Adulterant' as a subtype. There are borderline cases where something added to change some quality (e.g. shelf life) can be deleterious to health. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adulterant' in WordNet: 1. (5) additive - (something added to enhance food or gasoline or paint or medicine)
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	AntiFreeze^c

Address^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Address`
Description	An Address is an identifier for a location; the location may be physical or abstract (see 'GenericLocation'). The most common kinds of Address are identifiers for nodes in a path system, such as the postal system (street address, postal address), the Internet, or a Telephone System. An Address may explicitly have, but does not have to have, information about the path that can reach that location. For example, an internet address in numeric form will have some explicit information about the path through the internet that can reach the intended location. A postal address will usually have the country, state, city, and street number or Post Office box number that will imply a path from any other location. This includes the 'address' of data in a computer data storage device, but there is as yet (r949) no specific subtypes for the computer 'address'. This is the sense to be used when one asks 'what is his address' or 'I don't know his address'. But when a Police report states 'he wasn't at that address', the sense of 'address' is closer to WN sense 2, a physical location, which is not included in this sense. NOTE that this generic concept of an Address is not a String, but is a substype of the more abstract Identifier type. A String that serves as an Address is an 'AddressString'. NOTE that the restriction requiring that the indicated Location be specified is relaxed to allow some type of location to be identified; for each identifier some information about what is identified should be present. FIBO 'address': 'An index to a location to which communications may be delivered' WN NOTE: this type represents an identifier, and does not include the actual physical location represented by Wordnet sense 2: 2. (5) address - (the place where a person or organization can be found or communicated with) This type includes but is broader than the sense 1 of 'address' in WordNet; WordNet sense 1 is a code - an identifier - for a computer storage location, but there is no analogous code for a physical location in Wordnet: 1. (21) address, computer address - ((computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored) 6. address, destination, name and address - (written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location)
Super-classes	Identifier^c
Restrictions	identifies^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	AddressString^c

AddressString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AddressString`
Description	An AddressString is an AbstractString that identifies some location in some space, which may be physical or abstract.
Super-classes	FormattedString^c Address^c IdentifierString^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	TelephoneNumber^c ConceptualWorkAddress^c UniversalResourceLocator^c EMailAddress^c PostalAddress^c

AdequateNutrition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdequateNutrition`
Description	''AdequateNutrition'' is the quantity and quality of nutrients in ''RegularFare'' for an Animal to maintain ''Wellness'' (a healthy condition).
Super-classes	Nutrition^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Wellness^c isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Nutrient^c enablesOrAssists^op value Nutrient^c

Adherence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adherence`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adherence' in WordNet: 1. (2) attachment, adherence, adhesion - (faithful support for a religion or cause or political party)
Super-classes	ShowingSupportForSomething^c ExpressingApproval^c
Restrictions	hasCauseOrAgentSupported^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c or Action^c or ActionType^c or Belief^c or BeliefType^c or Campaign^c)

Adherent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adherent`
Description	An ''Adherent'' is a ''Believer'' who believes or professes to believe the doctrines of some specific ''PhilosophicalSchool'' that originated with a specific ''Person''. The affiliation may be only nominal, thus an ''Adherent'' is not necessarily a true believer. NOTE the difference between this and the parent type ''Believer'' - this is someone who follows or professes to follow to some extent the teachings of some individual Person. NOTE: this is the generic 'disciple', as defined in sense 4 of RHW: 4. a person who is a pupil or an adherent of the doctrines of another; follower: a disciple of Freud Includes noun sense 1 of 'adherent' in WordNet, but is broader: in Wordnet: 1. (3) disciple, adherent - (someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another)
Super-classes	Believer^c
Restrictions	believes^op some (PhilosophicalSchool^c or BeliefType^c)
Sub-classes	ChristianPerson^c

Adhering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adhering

Description

'Adhering' is a PersistentState in which some PhysicalObject remains attached by the intermediation of some adhesive material, or perhaps by some adhsesive force such as static electricity, such that it will not detach under the force of gravity when the surface to which it sticks is vertical. This often applies to smaller objects sticking to large objects, but the adhering objects can be of the same size. This also includes some part of a clingy foil wrap sticking to another part of itself. Since ''Adhering'' is a reciprocal action, each Object in an ''Adhering'' is itself adhering to the other Object.

    This is a persistentState (an intransitive verb sense); for the action of
      'sticking' something to something else use ''Bonding''.

    Some instances of 'Adhering' may be caused by the act of 'Binding' (as when the act of
    'Binding' uses glue or cement to bond objects)..

    NOTE: sense 4 of 'adhere' seems to be a firmer bond than sense 15, and
      could be a subtype @ToDo: make subtype 'Bonding'?  - i.e. requiring
      more force to separate than 'Adhering'?

    This includes verb senses 4 and 15 of 'stick' and senses 3 and 6 of 'adhere'  in WordNet:
    WN 'stick'
      4. (2) adhere, hold fast, bond, bind, stick, stick to - (stick to firmly; 
         'Will this wallpaper adhere to the wall?')
      15. cling, cleave, adhere, stick, cohere - (come or be in close contact with;
         stick or hold together and resist separation;
         'The dress clings to her body'; 'The label stuck to the box'; 
         'The sushi rice grains cohere')
    WN noun 'adherence':
       2. adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence, bond - (the property of sticking together 
          (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition)

Super-classes RemainingInaLocation^c

AdheringFilm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdheringFilm

Description

An 'AdheringFilm' is a thin film of dust or other fine particles adhering to a surface by solid-solid adhesive forces, and capable of being wiped off (i.e. they are not firmly adhering, as by a cement force).

        A 'film' of dust on a surface would be a prototype, but many films of fine particles 
            of any composition would qualify.

   NOTE: this is a borderline 'substance' in that its component parts may be separated from each other,
      though only by a small distance.

        Corresponds roughly to part of noun sense 3  of 'film' in WordNet:
         3. (42) film - (a thin coating or layer; 'the table was covered with a film of dust')

Super-classes Film-SheetOrCoating^c

Adhesive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adhesive`
Description	Any of a variety of sticky materials, including organic and inorganic, such as Glue, or 'Cement'. Adhesives have the property of being sticky, and must be in the liquid or semiliquid form; a dried Adhesive is not a subtype of this Type. Solder is not an 'Adhesive' both because it is not liquid, and it is not sticky. `SUMO: Any Mixture whose purpose is to be used as the instrument of Attaching one thing to another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adhesive' in WordNet: 1. (3) adhesive material, adhesive agent, adhesive -- (a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c ArtificialSubstance^c StickyStuff^c BondingMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Cement-Adhesive^c Glue^c Putty^c Mucilage^c

AdhesiveTape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdhesiveTape`
Description	Each piece of ''AdhesiveTape'' Tape is a piece of ''Tape'' with adhesive material on one or both sides. The adhesive material allows ''AdhesiveTape'' to be used to hold objects together, or to cover over cracks or other openings in a surface (as with subtype ''DuctTape''. `Cyc: #$AdhesiveTape is the #$Collection of all adhesive #$Tape. An instance of #$AdhesiveTape is a thin, flat adhesive. It consists of a normal #$Tape with at least one side having #$surfaceAttributeOfObj #$Sticky. If this is true of both sides of the #$Tape, it is a #$DualSidedAdhesiveTape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adhesive tape' in WordNet: 1. adhesive tape - (tape coated with adhesive)`
Super-classes	Tape^c FasteningObject^c
Sub-classes	PackingTape^c DuctTape^c MaskingTape^c

Adjacent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjacent`
Description	The attribute of some ''Pair'' (of objects or regions, the two elements of which are 'next' to each other in some sense, having no other thing of the same type between,and ifseparated by something,that thing is of insignificant'size' relative to the tingsin the Pair) is closest in space (physical or abstract) to each other with nothing similar or of comparable size between them). Two one-family residences may be ''Adjacent'' even if they do not touch; two ''GrammarClauses'' in a Sentence may be separated by only a Comma or a Semicolon or some other non-alphabetical character. This is a specialization of 'Nearby' and is has a meaning close to 'very near' or in some cases 'nearest'. Linquistically, 'adjacent' and 'next' in this sense often specify the thing that is close by the use of 'to'; #ToDo there should be a rule requiring that the thing that is close to the thing that is 'Adjacent' be specified, whenever this attribute is used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adjacent' and sense 1 of'next' in WordNet: 1. (4) adjacent, next, side by side - (nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space; 'had adjacent rooms'; 'in the next room'; 'the person sitting next to me'; 'our rooms were side by side') WN adj 'adjoining' 1. (3) abutting, adjacent, adjoining, conterminous, contiguous, neighboring - (having a common boundary or edge; touching; 'abutting lots'; 'adjoining rooms'; 'Rhode Island has two bordering states; Massachusetts and Conncecticut'; 'the side of Germany conterminous with France'; 'Utah and the contiguous state of Idaho'; 'neighboring cities')
Super-classes	Neighboring^c
Sub-classes	Surrounding^c

AdjacentCountries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdjacentCountries`
Description	Each ''AdjacentCountries'' is a ''PairOfCountries''that are adjacent, i.e. they share a border
Super-classes	PairOfCountries^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adjacent^c hasComponentElement^op only CountryRegion^c

AdjacentDrainageBasins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdjacentDrainageBasins`
Description	"TwoDrainageBasins" is a ''Pair' of Adjacent ''DrainageBasin''s separated by a ''Watershed''.
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 areSeparatedBy^op some Watershed^c

Adjective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjective`
Description	One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Objects. This category includes all three forms of English adjective: positive, comparative, and superlative. The comparative and superlative are subtypes of this general type, but a direct instance of this type will be in the base ('positive') form. COSMO note: In COSMO, words that are adjectives are found as labels for types under two different branches of the hierarchy. Those adjectives that specify attributes that have meansings and values independent of the specific kind of thing the adjective modifies are AttributeValues. Such Attributes can form subclasses of the things they modify by selecting the instances of a class that have that Attribute - in effect, those subclasses are the intersection of all things that have that Attribute and are instances of that class. Subtypes of the second type of Adjective are more complexly functional, in that they specify 'attributes' whose interpretation depends on the type of thing they are modifying. Adjectives like 'large', 'small', 'good', bad' can depend for their interpretation in complex ways on the nature of the word they are modifying. They also select subtypes from a type that is named by the word being modified by the adjective, but the subtypes are not simply the intersection of the type being modified and some other type. The adjective selects members of the type based on criteria peculiar to the adjective and the type. For example, a 'red car' is a car whose sheet metal appears red (usually being painted by paint of that color). A 'pink grapefruit' is pink only on the inside, and may not have an external appearance different from a yellow grapefruit. A 'red brick' is red at all points on the surface, and if broken, is the same color red on the newly exposed surfaces. A 'red liquid' will have a different intensity of color depending on the concentration of pigment in the liquid and on the length of the path through which the light one sees has traversed. These differences of meaning must be encoded in the logical representation of the function. Such attributes are found as subtypes of the type 'FunctionalAttribute'. An AttributeValue can be a FunctionalAttribute also, but is not necessarily so. If used in the predicative position {Car23 is Red} , it takes the usual interpretation that it is specifying an attribute of a specific object. Another kind of adjective does not select instances from the class modified, but specifically selects instances that are not in the class represented by the noun modified. Adjectives such as 'toy', 'fake', 'simulated' specifically assert that the type they are creating from the noun modified is not a subtype of that noun. Adjectives may have antonyms, and the antonyms can have complex relations to other adjectives and their antonyms. The WordNet semantic network has an excellent inventory of adjectives and their relations to each other. Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'adjective' in WordNet; NOTE that sense 2 is actually a label for the type as an instance of word category, but this type is actually for the words themselves (sense 1); in COSMO the types are defined by describing the character of the instances, not by describing the metatypes of which the type is an instance in WordNet: 1. (3) adjective - (a word that expresses an attribute of something) 2. (2) adjective - (the word class that qualifies nouns)
Super-classes	Word^c
Sub-classes	SuperlativeAdjective^c PositiveAdjective^c ComparativeAdjective^c
In domain of	hasPositiveForm^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_central http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#both http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#other http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Bad http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#different http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Good http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#some http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#else http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#additional http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#attempted http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#either

AdjectiveType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdjectiveType`
Description	''AdjectiveType'' a metatype used to allow ''QualitativeAttributeValue's to also be instances of ''Adverbtype'' and thus allow the ID labels to represent the lexical form of an adjective, duplicating the function of ''Adjective'' in a way that permits inheritance of properties and subtyping..
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c
Members	OutsideOfTime ShiftingPosition Shifting Changing Abstract Varying Unfirm

Adjourning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjourning`
Description	An adjournment can be temporary or permanent. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adjourn' in WordNet: 1. (4) adjourn, recess, break up - (close at the end of a session; 'The court adjourned') WN noun 'adjournment': 1. (2) adjournment, dissolution - (the termination of a meeting)`
Super-classes	EndingOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some HumanGroupActivity^c

Adjudicator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjudicator`
Description	An 'Adjudicator' is a Person who decides issues requiring judgment in some rules-based Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adjudicator' in WordNet: 1. adjudicator - (a person who studies and settles conflicts and disputes)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Judging^c
Sub-classes	SportsOfficial^c

Adjunct^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjunct

Description

An ''Adjunct'' is a 'Nonessential', something that is not necessary for some purpose but nevertheless included, for some reason.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adjunct' in WordNet:
           1. (5) adjunct - (something added to another thing but not an essential part of it)

Super-classes Nonessential^c
ThingWithAttribute^c

Adjustable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjustable

Description

''Adjustable'' is the attribute of some''Device'' whose physical size or shape can be changed to better perform some deisign function.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adjustable' in Wordnet:
          1. adjustable - (capable of being changed so as to match or fit;
              'adjustable seat belts')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AdjustableWrench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdjustableWrench`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adjustable wrench' in WordNet: 1. adjustable wrench, adjustable spanner - (can be changed to different settings)`
Super-classes	Wrench^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adjustable^c hasComponentPart^op value GrippingJaw^c
Sub-classes	MonkeyWrench^c PipeWrench^c

Adjusted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjusted`
Description	''Adjusted'' is an attribute of both physical and abstract objects,butnot of People. One can 'adjust a Device or 'adjust' measurements, or beliefs,among other things. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 4 of 'adjusted' in Wordnet: 1. (4) adjusted - (altered to accommodate to certain requirements or bring into a proper relation; 'an adjusted insurance claim'; 'the car runs more smoothly with the timing adjusted') 4. adjusted - ((especially of garments) having the fit or style adjusted; 'for my wedding I had my mother's wedding dress altered to fit me')`
Super-classes	Modified^c
Sub-classes	Weighted^c

Adjusting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjusting`
Description	''Adjusting'' includes both the ''evaluating'' required to decide what to adjust, and the ''ChangeEvent'' in which something is changed to some small degree. The intentional adjustment of some attribute or activity so as to maintain a certain value (regulating temperature or speed) to achieve some purpose is represented by the subtype ''RegulatingaValue''. This kind of adjustment does not itself require that the value set be maintained by some automated process or device. This includes 'adjusting' the length of some adjustable ArtifactObject, or the shape of an object, or the size of something like the distance between the claws of an ''AdjustableWrench''. NOTE: this includes ''Adjusting'' not only individual objects but also Groups of Objects, where one may select certain objects rather than others to perform some function better together. See subtype ''CoordinatingaGroup''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adjust' and noun sense 2 of 'adjustment' in WordNet: 1. (19) adjust, set, correct - (alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard; 'Adjust the clock, please'; 'correct the alignment of the front wheels') WN noun 'adjustment': 2. (3) alteration, modification, adjustment - (the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment))
Super-classes	Modification^c Correcting^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c causedChange^op some Adjustment^c hadObjectModified^op some (PhysicalObject^c or Group^c or GroupType^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	SynchronizingActions^c AdaptingSomething^c SynchronizingaTimepiece^c CalibratingaDevice^c CoordinatingaGroup^c AttuningOeself^c RegulatingaValue^c

Adjustment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adjustment`
Description	An ''Adjustment'' is a small ''Change'' made in something - anything - by ''Adjusting'' some part for the purpose of improving it for some purpose (this is not necessarily an 'improvement' becasse the adjusting may not have the desired effect).. This can be quantitative such as adjusting a setting on an instrument, a size or weight, a location, addition or subtraction, or can be qualitative such as an adjustment in a document that, if performed by an Editor, would be an ''Edit'' but if performed by an original author does not have to be a Edit. Many types of things can be adjusted (changed slightly) - the pitch of a voice, speed of a process, the color of an object. As a subtype of ''Attribute'' what is changed needs to be expressed as an pair of attribute values before and after the change. Some dictionaries include 'adjustment' as the result of a 'modification' but the only sense of 'adjustment' in WN close to this concept is sense 5 which refers to a sum of money. This COSMO senseincludes but is much broader than that WN sense: in WordNet: 5. allowance, adjustment - (an amount added or deducted on the basis of qualifying circumstances; 'an allowance for profit')
Super-classes	Change^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some Adjusting^c

AdministeringaCity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdministeringaCity`
Description	''AdministeringaCity'' is an ''AdministrationOfAnOrganization'' in which the thing administered (managed) is a ''City'' or some part of it. This implies the administration of one or more functions that a City government performs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administration' in WordNet: 1. (8) administration, disposal - (a method of tending to (especially business) matters)`
Super-classes	AdministrationOfAnOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Policing^c

AdministeringaDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdministeringaDrug`
Description	''AdministeringaDrug'' is the form of 'DrugTherapy' in which one person gives a Drug substance to another in any form, by injection, by giving pills, by putting in an enema, or by intravenous drip, or other forms. This need not be performed by a medically trained doctor or nurse but can be done by a home health care helper or family member. It is not self-medication. `NOTE: giving an agent to disable someone (involuntarily) referred to a 'drugging' someone is not included. It could be a subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'administer', verb sense 2 of 'medicate' and verb sense 2 of 'dose' in WordNet: 4. (1) administer, dispense - (give or apply (medications)) WN verb 'medicate': 2. medicate, medicine - (treat medicinally, treat with medicine) WN verb 'dose': 2. drug, dose - (administer a drug to; 'They drugged the kidnapped tourist')`
Super-classes	DrugTherapy^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some DrugProduct^c
Sub-classes	OralAdministration^c AnalAdministration^c VaginalAdministration^c Overdosing^c Anesthetizing^c

AdministeringaSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdministeringaSubstance`
Description	''AdministeringaSubstance'' is a subtype of ''BiologicalIntakeEvent'' in which an Organism (usually an Animal) is treated in some way (usually voluntarily,for human adults) so as to cause that organism to ingest that substance. This can be for the purpose of curing or alleviating an AilmentCondition, but this includes attempts to cure plant diseases, and administering a placebo, and also attempting to incapacitate or kill by poisoning (see subtype ''PoisoningToDeath'').
Super-classes	BiologicalIntakeEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some (OrganismType^c or Animal^c or Plant^c) hadIngestedSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	DrugTherapy^c

Administration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Administration`
Description	Each ''Administration'' is the GroupOfPeople who collectively manage ('administer') some Organization.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'administration', and includes the WN subtype 'management' noun sense 2 in WordNet: 2. (3) administration, governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organization, organisation - (the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something; 'he claims that the present administration is corrupt'; 'the governance of an association is responsible to its members'; 'he quickly became recognized as a member of the establishment') WN 'management': 2. (8) management - (those in charge of running a business)
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ManagementEvent^c typicallyManages^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentOfficials^c BusinessManagement^c

AdministrationOfAnOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdministrationOfAnOrganization`
Description	''AdministrationOfAnOrganization'' includes administering Government locations or functions - see subtype ''Governing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administration' in WordNet: 1. (8) administration, disposal - (a method of tending to (especially business) matters)`
Super-classes	ManagementEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Administration^c
Sub-classes	AdministeringaCity^c Governing^c

Administrative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Administrative

Description

''Administrative'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Administration'' or ''Management'' and things directly associated with those types.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'administrative' in WordNet:
     1. (16) administrative - (of or relating to or responsible for administration)

Super-classes Managerial^c

AdministrativeDistrict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdministrativeDistrict`
Description	`NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Geopolitical agents from their areas or regions. This is the Agent - the same WN synset is used for area and region as well Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administrative district' in WordNet: 1. administrative district, administrative division, territorial division - (a district defined for administrative purposes)`
Super-classes	District^c
Sub-classes	CityDistrict^c Township^c

AdministrativeDistrictRegion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdministrativeDistrictRegion

Description

        NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Geopolitical agents from their areas or regions.
           This is the Region - the same WN synset is used for area and region as well

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administrative district' in WordNet:
     1. administrative district, administrative division, territorial division - 
         (a district defined for administrative purposes)

Super-classes GeopoliticalRegion^c

AdministrativeStaffPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdministrativeStaffPerson`
Description	A specialization of #$DeskWorker. Each instance of #$AdministrativeStaffPerson is a worker whose primary job responsibilities are administrative and/or managerial tasks. Such jobs can be at any level in an organization's hierarchy, from receptionist/secretary to executive assistant to manager.
Super-classes	DeskWorker^c
Sub-classes	Receptionist^c Administrator^c Secretary^c Proctor^c Manager^c

AdministrativeUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdministrativeUnit`
Description	An ''AdministrativeUnit'' is a ''Suborganization'' that is an ''Administration'' that has some administrative functions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administrative unit' in WordNet: 1. administrative unit, administrative body - (a unit with administrative responsibilities)`
Super-classes	Suborganization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value AdministrativeStaffPerson^c
Sub-classes	Secretariat^c

Administrator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Administrator`
Description	A specialization of #$AdministrativeStaffPerson. Each instance of #$Administrator is an employee of an organization who is responsible for managing its organizational affairs. Instances of #$Administrator may or may not also be required to manage people. If so, then they are also #$Managers (q.v.). `NOTE that WN includes 'academic administrator' as a subtype, so the 'business' referred to in the gloss here must be interpreted as any kind of formal stable Organization including ''NonProfitOrganization''s and subdivisions of a Government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administrator' in WordNet: 1. (5) administrator, decision maker - (someone who administers a business)`
Super-classes	AdministrativeStaffPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ManagementEvent^c
Sub-classes	AcademicAdministrator^c CorporateOfficer^c Executive^c Pastor^c Prefect^c Commissioner^c GovernmentAdministrator^c

Admirable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admirable`
Description	''Admirable'' is an EvaluativeAttribute that asserts that the thing evaluated is worthy of ''Admiration-Respect''.. `Applies to people and actions ad qualities, so includes both senses of 'admirable' in WordNet: 1. (4) admirable - (deserving of the highest esteem or admiration; 'an estimable young professor'; 'trains ran with admirable precision'; 'his taste was impeccable, his health admirable') 2. (2) admirable - (inspiring admiration or approval; 'among her many admirable qualities are generosity and graciousness')`
Super-classes	Remarkable^c EvaluativeAttribute^c Good^c
Sub-classes	Transcendent^c

Admiral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admiral

Description

CYC 'Admiral-Rank': Supreme commander of a fleet. Rank intermediate between vice-admiral and fleet admiral.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'admiral' in WordNet:
            1. admiral, full admiral - (the supreme commander of a fleet; 
               ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral)

Super-classes FlagOfficer^c

Admiration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admiration`
Description	A pleasant emotional state caused by observing or becoming aware of something of which one strongly approves - either because of its intrinsic positive qualities, or because (as a person's action) it signifies some state of which one approves. Admiration can be directed toward natural things (to admire the view), or toward supernatural beings, but is usually toward people (see the subtype ''Admiration-Respect'') or things done by or made by people. A ''Liking'' in which the object of 'liking' is another person, and the cause of the ''Admiring'' is an approval of some of the admired person's actions, plus an evaluative feeling that those actions are worthy of copying or mimicking. This sense is broader than the Cyc sense, which is specifically for admiration of people. For the Cyc sense, see 'Admiration-Respect'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'admiration' and verb sense 1 of 'admire' in WordNet: 1. (8) admiration, esteem - (a feeling of delighted approval and liking) WN verb 'admire': 1. (13) admire, look up to - (feel admiration for)
Super-classes	Liking^c DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Love-Romantic^c Wonder^c Awe^c Admiration-Respect^c

Admiration-Respect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admiration-Respect`
Description	''Admiration'' directed toward some Person. In Cyc called 'Admiration'. Cyc: A feeling of strong approval. An intense positive attitude towards another person(s) or group, or toward some supernatural being (See 'Adoration'). May be accompanied by emulation. #$Admiration is different than #$Respect (qv). This is a collection - see #$Happiness for an explanation. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Admiration are #$Wonder-Admiration, #$Adulation, #$Awe, etc. . Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'admiration' in Wordnet: 1. (8) admiration, esteem - (a feeling of delighted approval and liking)
Super-classes	Respect^c Admiration^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	AdorationOfaDivinity^c

Admirer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admirer`
Description	An ''Admirer'' is a Person who has feelings of ''Admiration'' for something else, usually a Person. An ''Admirer'' need not be known to a Person that is admired, but may or may not also consider that Person a ''Friend''; for example, a Person may admire another Person for hisher skill or accomplishments, but may not be acquainted with that Perso or may dislike some of that Person's attributes. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'admirer' in WordNet: 2. admirer - (a person who admires; someone who esteems or respects or approves)`
Super-classes	PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loving^c performsAction^op value Admiration^c
Sub-classes	Lover^c

AdmiringEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdmiringEvent`
Description	An AdmiringEvent is an Event in which a person looks at something intentionally and gets a feeling of Admiration derived from that act of looking. 'To admire the view'. 'To admire her beauty', 'To admire the grace of her dancing'. This has some overlap with the Feeling of 'Admiration', but is an Event of Looking, that causes Admiration. `Includes verb sense 2 of 'admire' in WordNet (the corresponding nominalized action 'admiration' does not appear to be in WordNet, but is added as a LDOCE synonym): WN verb 'admire': in WordNet: 2. (8) admire - (look at with admiration)`
Super-classes	Looking^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Admiration^c

Admission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admission`
Description	Each ''Admission'' is a 'LinguisticAssertion' that represents the propositional content of a 'AdmittingaFact' Action.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'admission' in WordNet (it is unclear if the WN sense is intended as a nominalized form of 'admit': in WordNet: 2. (1) admission - (an acknowledgment of the truth of something)`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value AdmittingaFact^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informative^c

AdmissionToMembership^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdmissionToMembership

Description

An AdmissionToMembership is a Permission to participate as a member of some Organization or to practice as a recognized membver of a profession. THe possible subtypes have not yet (rev937) been formalized. FOr physical admission to a location, use 'Admittance'.

  Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'admit' in WordNet:
  WN verb 'admit':
     3. (1) admit, let in, include - (allow participation in or the right 
        to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions,
        and responsibilities of; 'admit someone to the profession'; 
        'She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar')
     4. (1) accept, admit, take, take on - (admit into a group or community;
         'accept students for graduate study'; 'We'll have to vote on whether
         or not to admit a new member')

Super-classes Permission^c

Admittance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admittance`
Description	An Admittance is a Permission to enter some location. The location can be large (a country) or small (a room). The sense of 'admission' to a hospital is included, though that carries additional implications: @ToDo make a specialized 'admission'for hospitals? `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'admittance', sense 1 of 'admission', and verb sense 2 of 'admit' in WordNet: 2. (11) admit, allow in, let in, intromit - (allow to enter; grant entry to; 'We cannot admit non-members into our club') WN noun 'admittance': 1. entree, access, accession, admittance - (the right to enter) 2. admission, admittance - (the act of admitting someone to enter; 'the surgery was performed on his second admission to the clinic')`
Super-classes	Permission^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op value EnteringSomething^c

Admittedly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admittedly

Description

''Admittedly''

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'admittedly' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) true, admittedly, avowedly, confessedly - (as acknowledged; 
               'true, she is the smartest in her class')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

AdmittingToMembership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdmittingToMembership`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which one or more people or organizations are granted permission [#$GrantingPermission] to become members of some #$Organization. A person may be admitted to membership in some organization but not join (e.g. a #$HighSchoolStudent may be admitted to several colleges but will generally become a student of at most one of them) NOTE: this is used in both transitive and intransitive senses, which can be distinguished if needed. So ''subjectBecomes' points to the Person admitted, not to the admitting Person(s). NOTE: this is not just a 'permission' as the CYC gloss indicates, but an actual 'Acceptance ''plus a joining an Organization that has formal admission requirements or admittance decisonprocedures(e.g. voting), (and perhaps ceremonies - a subtype). The subtype ''JoiningAnOrganization'' is more explicit about the joining. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'induct' in WordNet: 2. initiate, induct - (accept young people into society, usually with some rite; 'African men are initiated when they reach puberty') WN: part of verb 'join': 1. (76) join, fall in, get together - (become part of; become a member of a group or organization; 'He joined the Communist Party as a young man'
Super-classes	GrantingPermission^c Acceptance^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some AdmissionToMembership^c causes^op value Membership^c subjectBecomes^op value Member^c
Sub-classes	JoiningAnOrganization^c

AdmittingaFact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdmittingaFact`
Description	Each 'AdmittingaFact' is an acknowledgement, orally or in writing, that some fact is true. To be an 'AdmittingaFact' the fact is usually one that the speaker would prefer not to have to state, for any reason, such as embarassment or because it contradicts something the speaker believes or has stated previously. NOTE that an ''AdmittingaFact'' is not necessarily an ''Affirming'', as it is not neceesarily a response to a prior assertion. An 'acknowledgement' of the assistance or contribution of a person (in a published work) is a borderline case, being a admission that the author was assisted by that person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'admit' and verb sense 1 of 'acknoledge' and noun sense 2 of 'admission' and noun sense 2 of 'acknowledgement' in WordNet: WN verb 'admit': 1. (64) admit, acknowledge - (declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of; 'He admitted his errors'; 'She acknowledged that she might have forgotten') WN noun 'admission': 2. (1) admission - (an acknowledgment of the truth of something) WN noun 'acknowledgement': 2. acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (a statement acknowledging something or someone; 'she must have seen him but she gave no sign of acknowledgment'; 'the preface contained an acknowledgment of those who had helped her')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c StatingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Admission^c
Sub-classes	Confessing^c

Admonishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Admonishing`
Description	'Admonishing'' is an ''Advising'' ''Action'' in which one Person asserts to another that a possible course of Action by the Person warned could lead to bad consequences for that Person, or for someone else. Use of this concept implies that the Person warned has committed or seems likely to commit the Action being warned against. This differs from a ''Threatening'' in that the Person doing the ''Admonishing'' does not intend to perform harm to the other person if the ''Admonising' is not heeded, but is predicting some form of harm from some other source. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'admonish' in WordNet: 1. (1) warn, discourage, admonish, monish - (admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior; 'I warned him not to go too far'; 'I warn you against false assumptions'; 'She warned him to be quiet')`
Super-classes	Advising^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some PossibleFutureLoss^c produces^op value Warning^c

Adolescent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adolescent

Description

''Adolescent'' is an age attribute of ''Teenager''s, specifying the interval between reaching age 13 and 19 inclusive. This sense of 'adolescent is identical to 'teenage'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adolescent' in WordNet:
      2. adolescent, teen, teenage, teenaged - (being of the age 13 through 19;
        'teenage mothers'; 'the teen years')

Super-classes Young^c

Adopted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adopted`
Description	''Adopted'' is an attribute of some Custom or Norm or Tradition that has been adopted in a ''AdoptingaCustom'' Action by some GroupOfpeople. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'adopted' in Wordnet: 1. (2) adopted, adoptive - (acquired as your own by free choice; 'my adopted state'; 'an adoptive country')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	LongEstablished^c

AdoptedAsaFamilyMember^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdoptedAsaFamilyMember

Description

''AdoptedAsaFamilyMember'' is an attribute of a Person who was legally adopted into a family, usually a child.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adopted' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) adopted - (having been taken into a specific relationship; 'an adopted child')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

AdoptedChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdoptedChild`
Description	An 'AdoptedChild'' is a ''Child'' who was legally taken into a family in an ''AdoptingaFamilyMember'' Action. `Corresponds to part (the largest part) of noun sense 1 of 'adoptee' in WordNet: 1. adoptee - (someone (such as a child) who has been adopted)`
Super-classes	Child^c ChildRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value AdoptedAsaFamilyMember^c

AdoptingaCustom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdoptingaCustom`
Description	''AdoptingaCustom'' is a form of ''AdoptingaPractice'' in which the practice is some established ''Custom''. Although this is a 'choosing'' by some GroupOfPeople, it can occur gradually over time,and is therefore not a ''Deciding-Collectively''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adopt' in WordNet: 1. (37) adopt, follow, espouse - (choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans; 'She followed the feminist movement'; 'The candidate espouses Republican ideals')`
Super-classes	AdoptingaPractice^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some CustomType^c

AdoptingaFamilyMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdoptingaFamilyMember`
Description	''AdoptingaFamilyMember'' is a ''ServiceEvent'' in which some person or Family agrees to accept (take in) some Person, usually a child, to become a family member. This is an ''Offering'' in that it is an offering to provide support (a seervice) for the adopted Person as a member of the family. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'adopt' in WordNet: 5. (2) adopt, take in - (take into one's family; 'They adopted two children from Nicaragua') WN noun 'adoption': 2. adoption - (a legal proceeding that creates a parent-child relation between persons not related by blood; the adopted child is entitled to all privileges belonging to a natural child of the adoptive parents (including the right to inherit))`
Super-classes	AcceptingSomething^c Action^c HelpingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c)

AdoptingaPractice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdoptingaPractice`
Description	''AdoptingaPractice'' is a broad concept including any action in which one agent learns of an idea or practice believed or practiced by another agent and decides to beieve the same thing (to some degree) or use the same practices for the adopting agent's own purposes. It is a 'Choosing' in which the choosing agent chooses to accept a practise, ideology belief,or policy as appropriate to that agent's purposes. This is not quite 'copying' as the adopted thing may be modified and blended with the adopting agent's own ideas. The WN senses 1 and 2 of 'adopt' appear to differentiate between adopting ideas andpractices,but tere is some overlap when 'to 'follow' a 'plan' or 'strategy' in sense 1 is not considered as a 'practice' This sense conflated WN senses 1 and 2 of 'adopt' - these may be broken apart when sufficient examples are available for clear discrimination. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 and 7 of 'adopt' and sense 1 and 3 of 'espouse' in WordNet: 1. (37) adopt, follow, espouse - (choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans; 'She followed the feminist movement'; 'The candidate espouses Republican ideals') 2. (6) adopt, borrow, take over, take up - (take up and practice as one's own) 7. espouse, embrace, adopt, sweep up - (take up the cause, ideology, practice, method, of someone and use it as one's own; 'She embraced Catholicism'; 'They adopted the Jewish faith')
Super-classes	Accepting^c Choosing^c
Restrictions	caused^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	DedicatingOneself^c AdoptingaCustom^c

Adorable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adorable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adorable' in WordNet: 1. adorable, endearing, lovely - (lovable especially in a childlike or naive way)`
Super-classes	Lovable^c

Adoration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adoration`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adore' in WordNet: 1. (1) adore - (love intensely; 'he just adored his wife')`
Super-classes	Love^c

AdorationOfaDivinity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdorationOfaDivinity`
Description	'AdorationOfaDivinity' is a Feeling of 'Admiration-Respect' directed at a SupernaturalBeing, not at a human or inanimate object. `NOTE: this includes any form of respect that might be considered as the Feeling shown by an act of 'Worshipping' . If a person 'worships' out of pure fear, this may not be the proper Feeling that is exhibited. @ToDO - can one worship out of fear? If so, add 'Fear' to 'Adoration' as the thing evidenced by the worshipping. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'adoration' in Wordnet: 3. adoration, latria - (the worship given to God alone)`
Super-classes	Admiration-Respect^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some DivineBeing^c

AdoringSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdoringSomeone`
Description	Combines a deep ''Love-Romantic'' with respect. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adore' in WordNet: 1. (1) adore - (love intensely; 'he just adored his wife') WN noun 'adoration': 1. worship, adoration - (a feeling of profound love and admiration)`
Super-classes	Love-Romantic^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some LovedOne^c isPerformedBy^op value Lover^c
Sub-classes	Idolizing^c

Adornment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adornment`
Description	Something attached to a PhysicalObject to enhance its esthetic appearance, from the point of view of the person adding it or requesting its addition. (Not all agree on eshetics) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adornment' in WordNet: 1. adornment - (a decoration of color or interest that is added to relieve plainness)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Decoration^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Frill^c Tassel^c Sequin^c

AdrenalCortex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdrenalCortex`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adrenal cortex' in WordNet: 1. adrenal cortex - (the cortex of the adrenal gland; secretes corticosterone and sex hormones)`
Super-classes	AnimalOrganPart^c Cortex^c
Restrictions	secretes^op value Adrenaline^c isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value AdrenalGland^c

AdrenalGland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdrenalGland`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adrenal gland' in WordNet: 1. adrenal gland, adrenal, suprarenal gland - (either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney)
Super-classes	InternalOrgan^c EndocrineGland^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value AdrenalGland^c

Adrenaline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adrenaline`
Description	A #$Hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands which stimulates autonomous nerve response. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adrenaline' in WordNet: 1. epinephrine, epinephrin, adrenaline, Adrenalin - (a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action)`
Super-classes	Catecholamine^c Hormone^c
Restrictions	isSecretedBy^op value AdrenalGland^c

Adrift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adrift`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'adrift' in Wordnet: 2. adrift - (afloat on the surface of a body of water; 'after the storm the boats were adrift')`
Super-classes	Floating^c

Adroitness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adroitness`
Description	''Adroitness'' is a ''Skillfulness'' in manual tasks. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adroitness' in WordNet: 1. (1) adeptness, adroitness, deftness, facility, quickness - (skillful performance or ability without difficulty; 'his quick adeptness was a product of good design'; 'he was famous for his facility as an archer')`
Super-classes	Skillfulness^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value Person^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Skilled^c
Sub-classes	Dexterity^c

Adulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adulation`
Description	''Adulation'' is a form of ''Flattery'' (an abstract Text) that is greatly 'Exaggerated'' and expresses ''Admiration'' of questionable sincerity. `RHW'adulate': to show excessive admiration or devotion to; flatter or admire servilely. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adulation' in WordNet: 1. adulation - (servile flattery; exaggerated and hypocritical praise)`
Super-classes	Flattery^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Excessive^c hasAttributeValue^op value Fawning^c

Adult^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adult

Description

'Adult' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of an animal that has matured to the point of full development, sexually and in size.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adult' in WordNet:
       1. (1) adult, big, full-grown, fully grown, grown, grownup -
        ((of animals) fully developed; 'an adult animal'; 'a grown woman')

Super-classes Mature^c

AdultAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdultAnimal`
Description	An instance of #$AnimalTypeByMaturity (q.v.) and a specialization of #$Animal. #$AdultAnimal is the collection of all animals that are at least mature enough to bear offspring. Cf. #$JuvenileAnimal. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'adult' in WordNet: 2. (5) adult - (any mature animal)`
Super-classes	Animal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adult^c
Sub-classes	HumanAdult^c Hen^c TypicalAdultAnimal^c Gander^c Imago^c Cock^c

AdultStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdultStage`
Description	'AdultStage' is the LifeStage that a Person is in after the twenty-first birthday. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'adulthood' (this is a time interval; the type ''Adulthood'' is the state that corresponds to this time interval) in WordNet: 1. (1) adulthood, maturity - (the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed)`
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Sub-classes	PrimeOfLife^c

Adulterant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adulterant

Description

Each subtype of 'Adulterant' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that has been added to some other substance, and reduces its effectiveness or safety, or otherwise makes the resultant mixture less desirable.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adulterant' in WordNet:
          1. adulterant, adulterator - (any substance that adulterates (lessens the purity or effectiveness of a substance); 
          'it is necessary to remove the adulterants before use')

Super-classes SubstanceRole^c
Contaminant^c

Adulterating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adulterating`
Description	''Adulterating'' is an intentional ''Degrading'' Action, usually peerformed by a merchant to allow him/her to sell some product cheaper. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adulterate' in WordNet: 1. adulterate, stretch, dilute, debase - (corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones; 'adulterate liquor') WN noun 'adulteration': 1. adulteration, debasement - (being mixed with extraneous material; the product of adulterating)`
Super-classes	Degrading^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Value^c

AdulteringCouple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdulteringCouple`
Description	An ''AdulteringCouple'' is a ''NotMarriedCouple'' - two people, the first of whom is married and the other is not married to the first (whether or not the second is married to someone else).
Super-classes	NotMarriedCouple^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Spouse^c performsAction^op value Adultery^c

Adultery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adultery`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adultery' in WordNet: 1. adultery, criminal conversation, fornication - (extramarital sex that willfully and maliciously interferes with marriage relations; " adultery is often cited as grounds for divorce ")`
Super-classes	HumanSexualIntercourse^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value MaritalInfidelity^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value AdulteringCouple^c

Adulthood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adulthood`
Description	''Adulthood'' is the state of ''Maturity'' that a Person is in after the twenty-first birthday. `Corresponds approximately (a state, not a time interval, though the words used are identical) to noun sense 1 of 'adulthood' in WordNet: 1. (1) adulthood, maturity - (the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed)`
Super-classes	Maturity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Adult^c isPerformedBy^op value HumanAdult^c
Sub-classes	Parenthood^c Manhood^c

Advanced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advanced

Description

''Advanced''is the general attribute for entities that have experienced some form of improvement (see ''Progressing'') in a process that has stages of improvement

     Includes adjective senses 1, 5, and 7 of 'advanced' in WordNet:
        1. (5) advanced - (farther along in physical or mental development; 
          'the child's skeletal age was classified as 'advanced'';
          'children in the advanced classes in elementary school read far above grade average')
        5. (1) advanced, sophisticated - (ahead in development; 
           complex or intricate; 'advanced technology'; 'a sophisticated electronic control system')
        7. (1) advanced - ((of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry;
          'advanced societies'; 'an advanced country technologically')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Advanced-Modern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advanced-Modern`
Description	''Advanced-Modern'' is an attribute of things (Objects, Devices, Methods, Materials, Ideas in general) that are not only ''Novel-New'' but incorporate ''Novel-New'' components to accomplish things that could not be previously accomplished. This is mostly used for technically 'advanced' Devices and methods and materials, and does not characterize new forms of art (though it could characterize things used in producing art, such as virtual reality techniques for movie making or new types of paint or other materials). `Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'advanced' in WordNet: 3. (2) advanced, forward-looking, innovative, modern - (ahead of the times; 'the advanced teaching methods'; 'had advanced views on the subject'; 'a forward-looking corporation'; 'is British industry innovative enough?')`
Super-classes	Novel-New^c
Sub-classes	High-Tech^c Cutting-edge^c

AdvancingEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvancingEvent

Description

A ForwardMotion that is in the direction of some identified objective. This is a literal physical motion, not a figurative one. For the figurative advancing meaning improving in quality, use ''Progressing''.

      Includes noun sense 1 and part of verb sense 1 (for
      non-figurative physical movement) of 'advance' in WordNet:
        1. (7) progress, progression, advance - (a movement forward; 
            'he listened for the progress of the troops')

Super-classes MakingaGain^c
ForwardMotion^c

Advantage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advantage`
Description	An Advantage is a Difference (An Attribute of an ordered pair) in which the first entity of the OrderedPair is judged by some criterion or some agent to be superior or better in some respect for some purpose, and the values of the first and second elements indicate the relative merits of the two. Linguistically, for a pair {a, b} the advantage will be for a with respect to b, expressed: 'a has an advantage over b in (AttributeType)'. Advantages may be relative to two hypothetical situations, where the entities in the OrderedPair are two different situations: 'He will have an advantage if he learns Chinese before travelling to China' - knowing Chinese versus not knowing Chinese is an advantage. `This may be used with the two competitors as related elements, merely to specify who has the advantage, or with the values of the criteria by which advantage is measured. @ToDo: not yet represented: a combo of who has the advantage plus the values of their relative positions, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advantage' in WordNet: 1. (24) advantage, vantage - (the quality of having a superior or more favorable position; 'the experience gave him the advantage over me')`
Super-classes	Difference^c
Sub-classes	Privilege^c LeadInaCompetition^c

Advantageous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advantageous

Description

''Advantageous'' is an AttributeValue applied to actions that

        Includes adjective senses 1 nd 2 of 'advantageous' (difference??) in Wordnet:
          1. (1) advantageous - (giving an advantage; 'a contract advantageous to our country';
              'socially advantageous to entertain often')
          2. advantageous, appropriate - (appropriate for achieving a particular end;
                implies a lack of concern for fairness)

Super-classes Suitable^c
Beneficial^c

Adventitious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adventitious

Description

''Adventitious'' is an attribute of patterns of events, and EventGroups, specifying that the pattern did not occur as a result of intentional actions, but of random chance.

      RHW adj 'coincidental':
       1.  happening by or resulting from coincidence; by chance: a coincidental meeting.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adventitious' and part of adj sense 1
         of 'accidental' in Wordnet.
       NOTE: WN 'accidental' sense 1 seems to include the notion of things
          happening by 'fate', which is not part of the meaning of this type.
      in WordNet:
         1. accidental, adventitious - (associated by chance and not an integral part;
            'poetry is something to which words are the accidental, 
             not by any means the essential form'- Frederick W. Robertson; 
             'they had to decide whether his misconduct was adventitious
             or the result of a flaw in his character')
       WN adj 'accidental':
         1. (5) accidental, casual, chance - (occurring or appearing or singled 
            out by chance; 'their accidental meeting led to a renewal of their friendship';
            'seek help from casual passers-by'; 'a casual meeting'; 'a chance occurrence')

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

Adventure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adventure

Description

An Experience that is unusual and exciting.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adventure' in WordNet:
       1. (12) adventure, escapade, risky venture, dangerous undertaking -
       (a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful))

Super-classes ExcitingEvent^c
Experience^c

Adventure-Genre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adventure-Genre`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the adventure genre. These are works that portray people in dangerous exciting situations, often in far-off lands. Famous authors that write in this genre include #$HRiderHaggard and #$EdgarRiceBurroughs.
Super-classes	FictionalStory^c Genre^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some Adventure^c
Sub-classes	AdventureMovie^c

AdventureMovie^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdventureMovie

Description

$AdventureMovie is a collection of instances of

        #$Movie-CW each of which tells the tale of an adventure.

Super-classes Movie^c
Adventure-Genre^c

AdventureStory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdventureStory`
Description	An ''AdventureStory'' is not necessarily Fictional, but usually is. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adventure story' in WordNet: 1. adventure story, heroic tale - (a story of an adventure)`
Super-classes	ProseLiteraryWork^c Story^c
Sub-classes	Saga^c Thriller^c

Adventurer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adventurer`
Description	An ''Adventurer'' is a Person who has performed or oten performs a''RiskyAction''. The degree of 'risk' can vary from mild to terrifying. Subtpes are more specific. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adventurer' in WordNet: 1. (1) adventurer, venturer - (a person who enjoys taking risks)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adventurous^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value RiskyAction^c
Sub-classes	MountainClimber^c Daredevil^c

Adventurous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adventurous

Description

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adventurous' in Wordnet:
     1. (1) adventurous, adventuresome - (willing to undertake or seeking out
        new and daring enterprises; 'adventurous pioneers';
        'the risks and gains of an adventuresome economy')

Super-classes Bold^c

Adverb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adverb`
Description	One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Processes. NOTE that most 'adverbs' in COSMO are represented as ''AdverbialModifier''s, which are logical structuers,not just words of text. See that entry for a further discussion of the use of adverbs in COSMO. NOOTE: occasionally an 'AttributeValue'' is also represented as an instance of ''AdverbType'' (see ''Edgewise''). This is done to minimize complexity and redudancy, and probably should be reworked to make better analytical distinctions. See also the subtypes of ''AdverbialModifier''. In COSMO, adverbs are LogicalFunctions that take as their argument some Event, and return an Event (usually of the same type), with one of its case roles modified. For example, in the sentence 'He always gets up early' the adverb 'early' may take the Event 'getting out of bed' and return the Event, with the case role 'at what time' specifying that the getting out of bed occurs 'during the first part of the daylight hours of each day; before 8 AM'. There are different types of adverbs serving different functions. In COSMO an Adverb may be represented, as in this type, just by the words, or it may be categorized by function. In the latter case, each such category of averb is an instance of ''AdverbType''. Online: There are five basic types of adverbs in the English language, namely that of Manner, Time, Place, Frequency, and Degree. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'adverb' in WordNet; NOTE that sense 1 is actually a label for the type as an instance of word category, but this type is actually for the words themselves: in WordNet: 1. (3) adverb - (the word class that qualifies verbs or clauses) 2. adverb - (a word that modifies something other than a noun)
Super-classes	Word^c
Sub-classes	TimeAdverb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#thus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hardly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#formerly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#as http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#angrily http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#such http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#swiftly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#eventually http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inLocoParentis http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#however http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#almost http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#subsequently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#wellDone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#naturally http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#either http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#literally http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#similarly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#usually http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Physically http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#thereby http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#when http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#too http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#especially http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#consequently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anymore http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#neatly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comically http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#so http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anyhow http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wherein http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#where http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#somehow http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politically http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#regrettably http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#fromHereForward http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#therein http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#finally http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#fortunately http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#besides http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respectively http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#sufficiently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inwards http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#reportedly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#otherwise http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#certainly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#gently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#increasingly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#recently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aloud http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#how http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#really http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#etcetera http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anyway http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#absolutely http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#herein http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#probably http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anywhere http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inAddition http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#fucking http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#effectively http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nicely http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#differently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#quitePerceptibly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#incidentally http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Already http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perhaps http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#on-line http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#sadly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#off http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#then-adv http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#alongside http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#directly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#seemingly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#previously http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#okay http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#lightly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#indeed http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#apart http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#only-adv http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#tenderly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#clearly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#slower http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#why http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#aside http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#rarely http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#altogether http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrElse http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#suddenly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#unfortunately http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#away http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#generally http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#quietly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#actively http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#presumably http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#idEst http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#forth

AdverbOfManner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdverbOfManner`
Description	Each 'AdverbOfManner' is an AttributeValue that is an instance of an ''AdverbType'' that serves as an adverb in a sentence and characterizes the Action of a sentence as having been performed in that manner. These typically have Attributes that are the base form of the adverb. WN noun 'mode': 1. (13) manner, mode, style, way, fashion - (how something is done or how it happens; 'her dignified manner'; 'his rapid manner of talking'; 'their nomadic mode of existence'; 'in the characteristic New York style'; 'a lonely way of life'; 'in an abrasive fashion')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Outwardly^c Patiently^c Excitedly^c Urgently^c Fluently^c Momentarily^c Simultaneously^c Independently^c Gradually^c Prematurely^c Vaguely^c Easily^c OutOfSight^c Respectfully^c Narrowly^c Favorably^c Stringently^c Objectively^c Sincerely^c Shabbily^c Vehemently^c Passionately^c Northward^c Flagrantly^c Diligently^c Grossly^c Mysteriously^c Internationally^c InTwoWays^c Frantically^c Strangely^c Drastically^c Permanently^c Tightly^c Cheerfully^c Routinely^c Loudly^c InAnEmotionalManner^c Insanely^c Upstreamly^c Politely^c OutOfDoors^c Spontaneously^c Gratefully^c Fiercely^c Internally^c Intellectually^c Locally^c Steadily^c Marginally^c Uphillward^c Glumly^c Openly^c Miserably^c Vividly^c Aggressively^c FirstHand^c Defensively^c Formally^c Happily^c Discreetly^c Methodically^c Earnestly^c Horribly^c Candidly^c Generously^c Awkwardly^c Skillfully^c Coincidentally^c Uniformly^c Gracefully^c Mentally^c Stubbornly^c Hopelessly^c WithAnAcccent^c Effortlessly^c HeadOn^c Emphatically^c Indirectly^c Freely^c Proudly^c Poorly^c Morally^c Eloquently^c Developmentally^c Stiffly^c Oddly^c Necessarily^c Grudgingly^c Carefully^c Paradoxically^c Kindly^c Coarsely^c Justly^c Hastily^c Wildly^c Dourly^c Blindly^c Nationally^c Meticulously^c Deeply^c Peacefully^c Brutally^c Violently^c Secretly^c Deplorably^c Innately^c Aback^c Universally^c Empirically^c Dearly^c Ferociously^c Instantaneously^c Attentively^c Infrequently^c Doubly^c Constitutionally^c Squarely^c Clumsily^c Soon^c Repeatedly^c Insincerely^c Extensively^c Incorrectly^c Unnecessarily^c Richly^c Invariably^c ThinlySpaced^c Visibly^c Privately^c Chronically^c Strongly^c Wearily^c Overboardwise^c Randomly^c Accidentally^c Promptly^c Selectively^c Cruelly^c Unexpectedly^c Wisely^c Uniquely^c Newly^c Preferably^c Properly^c Hopefully^c Meagerly^c Mutually^c Creatively^c Pleasantly^c Warmly^c Anonymously^c Unfailingly^c Persistently^c Negatively^c Vigorously^c Generally^c Dramatically^c Enthusiastically^c WithDifficulty^c Unfairly^c Thoughtfully^c Safely^c Casually^c Bravely^c Upwards^c Vocally^c Honestly^c Intimately^c Cheerily^c Finely^c Slowly^c Anxiously^c Subtly^c Strategically^c WithaSouthernDrawl^c Idly^c Playfully^c Bluntly^c Elegantly^c Simply^c Illegally^c Silently^c Specifically^c Variously^c Traditionally^c Mistakenly^c Edgewise^c Quickly^c Separately^c Sharply^c Nervously^c Wonderfully^c Briefly^c Intermittently^c Firmly-Decisively^c Conveniently^c Democratically^c Eastward^c Impartially^c Colloquially^c Understandably^c Centrally^c Theoretically^c Forcefully^c Temporarily^c Impatiently^c Manually^c Falsely^c Instinctively^c Ecologically^c Scientifically^c Someplace^c NonArtificially^c Professionally^c Suspiciously^c Indefinitely^c Calmly^c Deftly^c Visually^c Truthfully^c Correctly^c Severely^c Busily^c Surreptitiously^c Reluctantly^c Incredibly^c Informally^c Absently^c Willingly^c OutOfControl^c Precisely^c Unanimously^c Predominantly^c Voluntarily^c Underfoot^c Legally^c Explicitly^c Daintily^c Officially^c Desperately^c Smoothly^c Forthrightly^c Darkly^c Delicately^c Automatically^c Thinly^c Warily^c Ironically^c Publicly^c Westward^c Virtuously^c Intensely^c Eagerly^c Efficiently^c Deliberately^c Tentatively^c
Members	Relentlessly Grimly

AdverbType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdverbType`
Description	''AdverbType'' a metatype used to relate adverbs to qualitative adjectives.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c
Members	Commercially Oddly Grudgingly Conspicuously Paradoxically Kindly Forcibly Perceptibly Markedly Willingly Cheerily Radically Overnightly Harshly Tragically Dexterously Subtly Disproportionately Unanimously Predominantly Legitimately Uninterruptedly Overboard Significantly Thereabout Strategically Explicitly Daintily Officially Immediately Miraculously Deplorably Faintly Solidly Dearly Prematurely-OfBirth Dutifully RoundTheClockly Innately Firstly Psychologically Edgewise Externally Relentlessly Instantaneously Personally Clinically Constitutionally Westward Separately Intellectually Repeatedly Cheaply Deliberately Alternatively Tentatively Urgently Regularly Briefly Extensively Painstakingly Outwardly Magically Excitedly AdverbOfManner Tempestuously Sexually Fluently Forcefully Bitterly Invariably Colloquially Anew InSoFar Underneath Simultaneously Independently Impatiently Beforehand Thirdly Prematurely Reliably Theoretically Vaguely Visibly OutOfSight Whopping Respectfully Narrowly Favorably Wearily Objectively Somewhat Randomly Shabbily Enormously Overboardwise Rightly Electronically Suspiciously Namely Scientifically Consistently ItIsHoped Passionately Significantly-Statistics Eerily Flagrantly Diligently Selectively Mysteriously Preferably Internationally Frantically Unilaterally Equally Vertically Basically Biologically Modestly Meagerly Creatively Supposedly Warmly Anonymously Comfortably Spontaneously Negatively Emotionally InAnEmotionalManner Politely Spiritually Informally Gratefully Precisely Distinctly Fiercely Crosswise Genetically Afar Confidently Exactly Famously Casually Overtly Busily Uphillward Desperately Reluctantly Globally Vocally Underfoot Ethically FirstHand Infinitely Possibly Forthrightly Defensively Nonstoply Mildly Retrospectively Everywhere Arguably Technically Earnestly Sparsely Candidly Awkwardly Thinly Blatantly Coincidentally Militarily Uniformly Anxiously Ironically Stubbornly WithAnAcccent Playfully SortOf Eagerly Allegedly Religiously Virtuously Secondly HeadOn Indirectly Bluntly Proudly Elegantly Convincingly Poorly Behindhand Illegally Lovingly Silently Characteristically Ethnically Dangerously Academically Frequently Again Mistakenly Adversely Interestingly Quickly Morally ViceVersa Medically Coarsely Gladly Necessarily Carefully Sharply Artificially Nervously Distressingly Hastily Sincerely Justly Predictably Stringently Firmly-Decisively Inlandly Blindly Terminally Technologically Extremely Wildly Forcible Dourly Overwhelmingly Intermittently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politically Grossly Impartially Keenly Jointly Meticulously Deeply Peacefully Northward Logically Socially Furiously Drastically Manually Thankfully Much Violently Instinctively Strangely Starkly By-adv Helplessly Aback Empirically Attentively http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respectively Indefinitely Ferociously NonArtificially Completely Improperly Professionally Appropriately Racially Calmly Infrequently Doubly Upstreamly Squarely Clumsily Soon Culturally Uncomfortably Periodically Densely Responsibly Conceivably Aptly Solemnly Insincerely Categorically Impossibly Correctly Severely Federally Statistically Aggressively Boldly Horizontally Hotly Unintentionally Unsuccessfully Absently Happily Notoriously OutOfControl Generously Chronically Economically Beautifully Strongly Skillfully Positively Voluntarily Knowingly Unconsciously Gracefully Legally Aboard Inadvertently Verbally Adverb Therefore Accidentally Promptly Smoothly Remotely Approximately Darkly Constantly Emphatically Partly Delicately Sorely Alternately Awfully PerSe Automatically Unexpectedly Wisely Closely Newly Cleverly Notably Hopefully Realistically Extraordinarily Critically Definitely Pleasantly Publicly Duly Purposefully Coolly Unfailingly Stiffly Thereof Vigorously Intensely Dramatically Metonym Strikingly Symbolically WithDifficulty Unfairly Efficiently Historically Vastly Downstreamly Affectionately Safely Mostly Patiently InaSense FromaDistance Rather Bravely Gradually Upwards Nationally Momentarily Brutally Unrealistically Honestly Canonically Easily Secretly Successfully Thereabouts Intimately Environmentally Curiously Universally Finely Amazingly Slowly Vehemently Comparatively WithaSouthernDrawl Beyond-Adv AdLib Idly InTwoWays Consciously Sporadically Conversely Permanently Incorrectly Simply Greatly Unnecessarily Excusively Specifically Variously Evenly Loudly AdverbialModifier Tightly Traditionally Cheerfully Chemically Routinely Richly ThinlySpaced Insanely Securely OutOfDoors Moderately Privately Together Fatally Internally Yonder Grimly Locally Miserably Vividly Importantly VeryMuch Wonderfully Steadily Briskly Marginally Glumly Openly Discreetly Conveniently Democratically Eastward Apiece Rightfully Musically Formally Financially Understandably Centrally Ceaselessly Assiduously Very Cruelly Methodically InDarkness Temporarily Ideally Warily Horribly Ecologically Minimally Expensively Uniquely Properly Mentally Falsely Continually Hopelessly Persistently Brightly Mutually Ideologically Effortlessly Someplace Surprisingly Lastly Generally Enthusiastically Freely Admittedly Deftly Implicitly Sic Visually Truthfully Thoughtfully Intently Accurately Pointedly Domestically Widely Developmentally Geographically Surreptitiously Eloquently Dimly Incredibly

AdverbialModifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdverbialModifier`
Description	Each subtype of 'AdverbialModifier' is an AttributeValue that can modify other AttributeValues (or other adverbs), as well as Events. Intensive adverbs like 'Somewhat', 'Rather' and 'Very' are represented as subtypes of AdverbialModifier in COSMO. This type is not the same as 'Adverb', each instance of which is a ''Word'' (a lexical item) that labels a concept. AdverbialModifiers may be instances of FunctionalAttributeType if they are context sensitive and require some function to determine their precise meaning in context. An AdverbialModifier is usually a function that takes a broad QualitativeAttributeValue, and selects from the range of meanings some smaller subset. Importantly an ''AdverbialModifier'' also has as a subtype ''AdverbOfManner'' that serve as adverbs to modify Events to describe the manner in which the Event happened or was performed - one very common function of an adverb in a sentence. But many of those same ''AdverbOfManner''s can be used as a prefix to an adjective that is a ''PastParticiple'' (an instance of ''PastParticipleType''), with essentially the same meaning as when that adverb is used in the present for of the sentence,in both cases modifying the verb: " His beautifully written book was a best-seller. " " He wrote the book so beautifully it became a best-seller. " There are, additionally a different type of, 'sentential adverbs' that prefix a sentence (and sometimes prefix only the predicate) , and have a special function, where the whole sentence is the thing modified, standing alone as an isolated proposition in the logical form: " Unsurprisingly, the book became a best-seller. " - is equivalent to - " It is unsurprising that the book became a best-seller. " - or - " The book unsurprisingly became a best-seller. " - or - " That the book became a best-seller is unsurprising . " This is a different usage from: " The book sold surprisingly well. " (an ''AdverbialModifier'' usage). And differs from the ''AdverbOfManner'' usage " He paused briefly to review his progress. " " She replied calmly that she didn't care what he thought. " See also the instances of ''Adverb'', which are lexical ''Word''s..
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Retrospectively^c Financially^c Very^c Blatantly^c Expensively^c Militarily^c Abroad^c Economically^c Continually^c Partly^c Characteristically^c Admittedly^c Adversely^c Developmentally^c Oddly^c Necessarily^c Artificially^c Forcibly^c Predictably^c FromaDistance^c Technologically^c Harshly^c Tragically^c Perceptibly^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politically^c Radically^c Significantly^c Keenly^c Logically^c By-adv^c Miraculously^c Firstly^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respectively^c Externally^c Attentively^c Clinically^c Appropriately^c Infrequently^c Doubly^c Culturally^c Improperly^c Uncomfortably^c Aptly^c Cheaply^c Yonder^c Categorically^c Impossibly^c Solemnly^c Marginally^c Statistically^c Magically^c Alternatively^c Unnecessarily^c Horizontally^c Bitterly^c AdverbOfManner^c Notoriously^c Thirdly^c Sexually^c Beforehand^c Beautifully^c Aboard^c Somewhat^c Verbally^c Significantly-Statistics^c Surprisingly^c Remotely^c Sorely^c Alternately^c Awfully^c Unilaterally^c Cleverly^c Realistically^c Critically^c Equally^c Modestly^c Meagerly^c Mutually^c Biologically^c Unfailingly^c Comfortably^c Ideologically^c Thereof^c Strikingly^c Symbolically^c Spiritually^c Coolly^c Historically^c Downstreamly^c Distinctly^c Crosswise^c Affectionately^c Mostly^c InaSense^c Exactly^c Infinitely^c Canonically^c Everywhere^c Arguably^c Technically^c Environmentally^c Curiously^c Legitimately^c Comparatively^c Beyond-Adv^c Secondly^c Consciously^c Convincingly^c Greatly^c Lovingly^c Ethnically^c Dangerously^c Academically^c Specifically^c Securely^c Moderately^c Together^c Fatally^c Grimly^c Distressingly^c Terminally^c Extremely^c Democratically^c Eastward^c Apiece^c Rightfully^c InDarkness^c Ideally^c Much^c Socially^c Minimally^c Helplessly^c Brightly^c Completely^c Lastly^c Racially^c Densely^c Responsibly^c Implicitly^c Sic^c Intently^c Accurately^c Pointedly^c Domestically^c Geographically^c Federally^c Dimly^c Commercially^c Hotly^c Unsuccessfully^c Conspicuously^c Boldly^c Markedly^c Disproportionately^c Positively^c Genetically^c Legally^c Therefore^c Approximately^c Dutifully^c PerSe^c Faintly^c Psychologically^c Solidly^c Closely^c Relentlessly^c Notably^c Personally^c Extraordinarily^c Again^c Definitely^c Publicly^c ViceVersa^c Allegedly^c Behindhand^c Outwardly^c Rather^c Overwhelmingly^c Interestingly^c Colloquially^c InSoFar^c Underneath^c Reliably^c Unrealistically^c Medically^c Successfully^c Electronically^c Namely^c Consistently^c ItIsHoped^c Northward^c Eerily^c Thankfully^c InTwoWays^c AdLib^c Conversely^c Vertically^c Basically^c Excusively^c Supposedly^c Chemically^c Emotionally^c Evenly^c OutOfDoors^c Informally^c Locally^c Afar^c Confidently^c Importantly^c Famously^c VeryMuch^c Overtly^c Briskly^c Openly^c Globally^c Ethically^c Possibly^c Musically^c
Members	Solidly

Adversary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adversary`
Description	An Opponent in some serious ConflictEvent where the loser loses something s/he had at the start - unlike a Competitor in a 'Competition', where the winner gains, but the loser doesn't lose anything but the prize. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'adversary' in WordNet: 1. (1) adversary, antagonist, opponent, opposer, resister - (someone who offers opposition) WN noun 'bad guy': 1. (1) bad guy - (any person who is not on your side)`
Super-classes	Opponent^c
Sub-classes	Finalist^c Enemy^c

Adversely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adversely

Description

''Adversely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or Rule to assert that the effect of that Event was or is likely to cause ''Harm'' to some animal. This sense of 'adversely' (especially in 'adversely affected') is commonly used to refer to results of physiological events or medical interventions or laws or regulations.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'adversely' in Wordnet:
         1. adversely - (in an adverse manner; 'she was adversely affected by the new regulations')
      WN adverb 'negatively':
        1. negatively - (in a harmful manner; 'he was negatively affected')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Advertisement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advertisement`
Description	An ''Advertisement'' is an ''AbstractDocument'' that contains a Communication intended for a large audience, promoting something - usually a product for sale, but also potentially a 'public service ad' to advance some public-spirited agenda. This is the broad sense, including advertising in any medium, print broadcasting, or internet. NOTE that this is an Abstract document, and the audio or visual advertisements would be executions of an ad considered as as specification. NEEDS MORE DETAIL. `The WordNet gloss is unclear as to whether 'advertisement' is a Document or not; this corresponds to part of sense 1 (the only sense) of 'advertisement' in WordNet: 1. (2) ad, advertisement, advertizement, advertising, advertizing, advert - (a public promotion of some product or service)`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Sub-classes	NewspaperAdvertisement^c AdvertisementScript^c MoviePreview^c InternetAdvertisement^c

AdvertisementScript^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvertisementScript`
Description	An 'AdvertisementScript' is a ''ProgramForPerformance'' (an 'AbstractDocument') that specifies the words and actions of actors and supporting staff (e.g. musicians) for a ''BroadcastAdvertisement''
Super-classes	ProgramForPerformance^c Advertisement^c Publicity^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value BroadcastAdvertisement^c

Advertising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advertising`
Description	COSMO note: publicizing something through a communications medium, whether for commercial sales or to promote some point of view, or merely to inform. This is the more general sense of 'advertise', essentially synonyous with 'publicise'; for the specifically commercial sense of advertising a product or service for sale, use 'AdvertisingaProduct'. CYC: A specialization of #$CommunicationAct-Single. Each instance of this collection consists of some communication to potential clients of an #$Organization, the desire of the organization that they be its clients. The organization may be a #$Business wanting people to do business with it (cf. the more specific #$Advertising-Business). Or it may be, for example, a #$PoliticalParty (cf. the more specific #$Advertising-Political). See also #$AdvertisingCampaign. SUMO: A Disseminating whose purpose is to promote the sale of an Object represented in a Text or Icon (the advertisement). Includes but is probably broader than the intended sense in verb sense 1 of 'advertise' and sense 1 of 'publicise' in WordNet: 1. (7) advertise, publicize, advertize, publicise - (call attention to; 'Please don't advertise the fact that he has AIDS') WN noun 'advertisement': 1. (2) ad, advertisement, advertizement, advertising, advertizing, advert - (a public promotion of some product or service)
Super-classes	AttemptingToPersuade^c Publicizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Advertisement^c
Sub-classes	AdvertisingaProduct^c RadioOrTelevisionCommercial^c

AdvertisingCampaign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvertisingCampaign`
Description	CYC: The collection of all extended, organized activity by which a group tries to convince others to buy, rent, attend, vote for, some product. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advertising campaign' in WordNet: 1. (1) advertising campaign, ad campaign, ad blitz - (an organized program of advertisements)`
Super-classes	PropagandaCampaign^c
Sub-classes	PoliticalElectionCampaign^c

AdvertisingCircular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvertisingCircular`
Description	An AdvertisingCircular is a small Document-Physical, often only one page, containing price quotes for things offered for sale. Circulars without price quotes are not represented by this type. `This is the abstract representation of WN noun 'circular' - See ''Circular-Physical''.: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circular' in WordNet: 1. circular, handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway - (an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; 'he mailed the circular to all subscribers')`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some (Price^c or PriceGroup^c) isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Circular-Physical^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SR-WatchungCircularWeek20080524

AdvertisingDocument^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvertisingDocument

Description

An instance of an ''Advertisement'' in a physical, written or printed document, or part of a document, containing some advertising information. This may be as small as a few lines in a small personal ad. This type is used to represent the 'advertisment' in a phrase such as 'I saw an advertisement in the paper selling widgets for only 99 cents each.'.

  The WordNet gloss is unclear as to whether 'advertisement' is a
  Document or not; this corresponds to part of sense 1 (the only sense)
  of 'advertisement' in WordNet:
  1. (2) ad, advertisement, advertizement, advertising, advertizing, advert -
     (a public promotion of some product or service)

Super-classes Document-Physical^c

AdvertisingaProduct^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvertisingaProduct

Description

A form of Advertising specifically mentioning a product (goods or services)that is for sale; done in the hope of attracting customers.

         Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'advertise' in WordNet:
           2. advertise, advertize, promote, push - (make publicity for;
            try to sell (a product); 'The salesman is aggressively pushing
            the new computer model'; 'The company is heavily advertizing
            their new laptops')

Super-classes OfferingForSale^c
Advertising^c
MarketingActivity^c

Advertizer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advertizer`
Description	An ''Advertizer'' is a ''Publicist'' who performs any aspect of creating or disseminating commercial ''Advertising'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advertizer' in WordNet: 1. advertiser, advertizer, adman - (someone whose business is advertising)`
Super-classes	Publicist^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Advertising^c
Sub-classes	Promoter^c

Advice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advice`
Description	Each 'Advice' is a LinguisticAssertion created by an act of Advising. It may or may not include ''Suggesting'' or predicting the results of a course of action. `Includes but is broader than noun senses 1 of 'advice' in WordNet, in that it may not recommend or propose any particular course pof action, but merely discuss the pros and cons for the advisee to consider: in WordNet: 1. (18) advice - (a proposal for an appropriate course of action)`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some (FutureSituation^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Guidance^c Suggestion^c

Advising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advising`
Description	COSMO note: Each act of Advising discusses a possible Deciding act, and talks about some FutureSituation(s) which could be caused by the Deciding. This means that 'Advising' is not peremptory and usually includes the reasons for alternative courses of Action. NOTE that 'Advising',although creating and transferring some ''Advice', does not necessarily require that the agent doing the Advising suggest or recommend any particular course of Action, it could just be providing information about the problem situation for the client's use. This differs from the CYC usage: for AssertingEvents in which one agent tells another which course of action might be appropriate, use 'Suggesting'; if the Advising agent selects one Action (or group of actions) as clearly preferable to others, it is a ''RecommendingEvent''. NOTE @ Although is Englsh this might be viewed as an is a subtype of ''Offering'' because it can be expressed as an ''Offering'' of Advice, the grand-parent class ''Suggesting'' is itself a subtype of ''Advising'', so there cannot be a logical inheritance of ''Offering''' without creating a circularity. The 'agent' performing this Action is the person providing the ''Advice''. NOTE:''Advising'' may be done at the initiative of the person giving the ''Advice'' - this providing 'unsolicited advice'. For ''Advising'' done at the request of a person seeking ''Advice'', use ''Consulting''. ''Consuting'' done for pay is ''ProfessionalConsulting'' Cyc: A collection of events, in which an #$IntelligentAgent A tells another #$IntelligentAgent B what A thinks B should do, especially when A knows more than B does about something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'advise' in WordNet: 1. (11) rede, advise, counsel - (give advice to; 'The teacher counsels troubled students'; 'The lawyer counselled me when I was accused of tax fraud')
Super-classes	Action^c AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some FutureSituation^c refersToExternalEntity^op some Deciding^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Advisor^c or PersonType^c) hadThingTransferred^op value Advice^c produced^op value Advice^c
Sub-classes	ConsultingService^c Preaching^c Consulting^c GuidingaPerson^c Suggesting^c Admonishing^c

Advisor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advisor`
Description	A ''Advisor'' is a ''Narrator'' in the Role of someone who is providing ''Advice'' (not necessarily professionally - for that use ''Consultant''). The agent who performs ''Advising'' is categorized as an ''Expert'' but this is intended only in the sense that the ''Advisor'' is expected to know more about (be more 'expert' in) the topic of ''Advice'' than is the Person receiving the advice. `'consultant' is reserved for professional consultants. See subtype ''Consultant''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'advisor' in WordNet: 1. (1) adviser, advisor, consultant - (an expert who gives advice; 'an adviser helped students select their courses'; 'the United States sent military advisors to Guatemala')`
Super-classes	Expert^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Advising^c
Sub-classes	Counselor^c Consultant^c

Advisory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advisory

Description

''Advisory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Advising'' or ''Advice'' or ''Consulting''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'advisory' in Wordnet:
      1. advisory, consultative, consultatory, consultive -
         (giving advice; 'an advisory memorandum', 'his function was purely consultative')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Advocacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advocacy`
Description	An Action that has as a Goal bringing about some future situation that affects some person other than the actor, and requires the consent of some person other than the actor and the person(s) affected. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advocacy' in WordNet: 1. (1) advocacy, protagonism - (active support of an idea or cause etc.; especially the act of pleading or arguing for something)`
Super-classes	ShowingSupportForSomething^c
Sub-classes	Rallying^c

AdvocacyOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvocacyOrganization`
Description	$AdvocacyOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$AdvocacyOrganization is an #$Organization that lobbies or engages in activities with the purpose of advocating a particular position on social, economic, political, environmental matters. Many instances of #$IdeologicalOrganization are also instances of #$AdvocacyOrganization. Examples of #$AdvocacyOrganization include #$AmericanAssociationOfRetiredPersons, #$SierraClub, #$AmericanMedicalAssociation, and #$StateBarOfTexas. This is an Organization, not a GroupOfPeople. A GroupOfPeople who belong to this type of Organization might constitute an 'ActivityTypeFocusGroup'.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicActivity^op value Advocacy^c
Sub-classes	PoliticalOrganization^c

Advocate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Advocate`
Description	An ''Advocate'' is a trial attorney who represents a party in a court proceeding. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'advocate' and noun sense 1 of 'trial attorney' in WordNet: 2. advocate, counsel, counselor, counsellor, counselor-at-law, pleader - (a lawyer who pleads cases in court) WN noun 'trial attorney': 1. trial attorney, trial lawyer - (a lawyer who specializes in defending clients before a court of law)`
Super-classes	Lawyer^c
Sub-classes	Pro-Lifer^c

AdvocateForaCause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvocateForaCause`
Description	A ''AdvocateForaCause'' is a ''Proponent'' who performs an ''Advocating'' Action. This can be done one-on-one or by addressing an audience of any size through any medium. The 'cause' can be political, Philosophical, or Religious, or any other belief such as animal welfare or environmental preservation, but this is not for comercial Advertising. `This includes more specic types such as ''Missionary'', 'partisan' 'preacher', and some 'zealots' but the only subtype as of rev1495 is ''Missionary''`
Super-classes	Proponent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AdvocatingaBelief^c
Sub-classes	Missonary^c ProLifer^c

AdvocatingaBelief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdvocatingaBelief`
Description	''AdvocatingaBelief'' is a ''RecommendingEvent'' in which what is recommended is a ''Believing'' in some ''Belief'' or 'BeliefSystem''. The ''BeliefSystem'' is not necesarily a Religion (use ''PreachingaReligion'') ,but the focus is on ''Converting'' an audience (of any size) from one Belief to a different one. NOTE: this Action can be addressed to an audience that has some members already convinced of the belief that is being advocated, but it is always done in the xpectation that some listeners do not already subscribe to the advocated Belief. (if all do it is 'preaching to the choir' or 'preaching to the converted'). RHW 'proselytize': to convert or attempt to convert as a proselyte; recruit. NOTE this is an ''AttemptingActivity''. The WN sense only includes the actual conversion, but this represents the attempt at conversion. Related to part of to verb sense 1 of 'proselytize' in WordNet: 1. proselytize, proselytise - (convert to another faith or religion)
Super-classes	RecommendingEvent^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some BeliefType^c hasAttemptedAction^op some ChangingaBelief^c
Sub-classes	PreachingaReligion^c

Aerial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aerial

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aerial' in Wordnet:
        1. aerial - (in or belonging to the air or operating 
        (for or by means of aircraft or elevated cables) in the air;
        'aerial particles'; 'small aerial creatures such as butterflies'; 
        'aerial warfare'; 'aerial photography'; 'aerial cable cars')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
Atmospheric^c

AerialBomb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AerialBomb`
Description	An ''AerialBomb'' is a ''Bomb'' that is dropped from an ''AirTransportationDevice'' to a target on the ground. `Includes noun senses 1 of 'gravity bomb' and 1 of 'smart bomb' in WordNet: 1. dumb bomb, gravity bomb - (a bomb that falls because of gravity and is not guided to a target) WN noun 'smart bomb': 1. smart bomb - (a bomb that can be guided (by a laser beam or radio) to its target; 'smart bombs have revolutionized aerial bombardment')`
Super-classes	Bomb^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value AerialBombardment^c

AerialBombardment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AerialBombardment`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bombardment' in WordNet: 4. bombing, bombardment - (an attack by dropping bombs)`
Super-classes	Bombing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value AirTransportationDevice^c hasSubEvent^op value DroppingBombs^c

AeroSpaceRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AeroSpaceRegion`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aerospace' in WordNet: 1. aerospace - (the atmosphere and outer space considered as a whole)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value OuterSpaceRegion^c hasPart^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphereRegion^c

AeroSpaceSector^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AeroSpaceSector

Description

The ''AeroSpaceSector'' is the ''EconomicSector'' that includes manufacturers of airplanes, rockets, and space vehicles.

       No WN sense for this:
       RHW 'aerospace': 2.  the industry concerned with the design and manufacture of aircraft,
           rockets, missiles, spacecraft, etc., that operate in aerospace.

Super-classes EconomicSector^c

Aerobic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aerobic

Description

''Aerobic'' is a subtype of ''Dependent'' characterizing Organisms or the procesesof Organisms that depend on oxygen (usually that in the Air) for survival, used to produce energy by oxidation of organic materials.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aerobic' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) aerobic, aerophilic, aerophilous - (depending on free oxygen or air; 
            'aerobic fermentation')

Super-classes Dependent^c

AerobicBacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AerobicBacterium`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Bacterium that metabolize oxygen. `Corresponds part of noun sense 1 of 'aerobe' (for bacteria) in WordNet: 1. aerobe - (an organism (especially a bacterium) that requires air or free oxygen for life)`
Super-classes	Bacterium^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Aerobic^c
Sub-classes	Staphylococcus^c Rickettsia^c

Aerobics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aerobics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aerobics' in WordNet: 1. aerobics, aerobic exercise - (exercise that increases the need for oxygen)`
Super-classes	CardiopulmonaryExercise^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vigorous^c causes^op value HeavyBreathing^c

AerodynamicResistance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AerodynamicResistance

Description

''AerodynamicResistance'' is a ''Force'' that is caused by the forces produced by any Gas against an object that is moving within that gas, the force being directed in the direction opposite to the motion of the body moving. This is relevant to motion of vehicles in the atmosphere, whether on land or in the sky. The resisting force increases as the velocity of the object relative to the gas increases. This increase is a major reason why driving a car or airplane at a higher speed requires greater rate of fuel consumption, to overcome energy loss due to pushing against a greater ''AerodynamicResistance'' force.

    NOTE: this is causally similar  to but contrasts with ''Impetus'', the ''Force'' 
      that causes an Object to move in the direction of a flowing stream of a Fluid.

Super-classes Force^c

AerodynamicVane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AerodynamicVane`
Description	An ''AerodynamicVane'' is a ''GenericVane'' attached to the body of a flying ArtifactObject intended to stabilize (and in airplanes to help control) the plane or missile while in flight. `It is a flat object, with its plane oriented in the line of flight. In small primitive missiles such as arrows, a part of a bird's feather has been attached to the end to serve as an ''AerodynamicVane''.`
Super-classes	GenericVane^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value Shaft^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Turbine^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some MetalType^c

Aerosol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aerosol`
Description	A PhysicalSubstance in the gaseous state consisting of some gas with fine suspended particles of liquid (as in a cloud) or solid (as in smoke). Could be considered as a finely dispersed liquid. `Cyc: #$AerosolStuff is a collection of all aerosols. Aerosols are suspensions of small particles in a gas. Aerosols can be dispensed from aerosol cans, but can also occur naturally. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aerosol' in WordNet: 1. (15) aerosol - (a cloud of solid or liquid particles in a gas)`
Super-classes	Gas^c Suspension^c Colloid^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op some GasType^c
Sub-classes	Smog^c Smoke^c

Aerospace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aerospace`
Description	`In WN 'aerospace' is a noun representing the Atmosphers an outer space as a Region. See ''AeroSpaceRegion''. 1. aerospace - (the atmosphere and outer space considered as a whole)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value OuterSpaceRegion^c hasPart^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphereRegion^c

Aesthete^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aesthete

Description

A ''Aesthete'' is a ''Connoisseur'' with deep appreciation of beautiful things.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aesthete' in WordNet:
          1. esthete, aesthete - (one who professes 
              great sensitivity to the beauty of art and nature)

Super-classes Connoisseur^c

Aesthetical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aesthetical

Description

''Aesthetical'' refers to ''GoodTaste''

     The sense of 'aesthetic'' meaning pleasing or beautiful
       is represented by ''EstheticallyPleasing''.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'aesthetic' in WordNet:
      2. (2) aesthetic, esthetic, aesthetical, esthetical -
         (concerning or characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste;
         'the aesthetic faculties'; 'an aesthetic person'; 'aesthetic feeling';
         'the illustrations made the book an aesthetic success')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Aesthetics^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aesthetics

Description

The ''FieldOfStudy'' whose topics deal with understanding and appreciation of beauty.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aesthetics' in WordNet:
       1. aesthetics, esthetics - ((art) the branch 
            of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste 
            (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art); 
            'traditional aesthetics assumed the existence of universal and 
            timeless criteria of artistic value')

Super-classes Philosophy^c

Afar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afar

Description

''Afar'' is an adverb with several nuances of meaning, referring to some distant place.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'afar' in WordNet:
           1. (4) afar - ((old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far;
             'we traveled afar'; 'we could see the ship afar off'; 'the Magi came from afar')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Affair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affair`
Description	An 'Affair' is a type of 'Interest' that has more than just an arbitrary curiosity, but some component of responsibility, though not necessarily formal or legal responsibility. This is the sense that is meant when one says 'that is not my affair' or that is not my concern'. This means that an individual who has such a 'concern' or 'affair' could take some action to influence a FutureSituation. In addition to causing one to pay attention, it should elicit some sense of obligation to act when necessary. This includes noun senses 4 and 5 of 'concern' from RHW: 4. something that relates or pertains to a person; business; affair: Law is the concern of lawyers. 5. a matter that engages a person's attention, interest, or care, or that affects a person's welfare or happiness: The party was no concern of his. This also includes noun sense 1 of 'concern' in WordNet: 1. (248) concern - (something that interests you because it is important or affects you; 'the safety of the ship is the captain's concern')
Super-classes	Interest^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some FutureSituation^c

Affected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affected`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'affected' in Wordnet: 2. (1) affected, unnatural - (speaking or behaving in an artificial way to make an impression)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AffectedPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AffectedPerson`
Description	An ''AffectedPerson'' is a Person who is affected by an Action. In many cases this would be a superfluous Role, but when two or more Persons participate in an Action and one is specified as being affected (e.g. by 'hadAffectedPerson"), this can be used to differentiate the actor from the one acted on.
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	wasAffectedByEvent^op value Action^c

AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce`
Description	COSMO note: this Event of 'ForceTransmissionEvent' will coincide with some Object moving because of the force applied. For the force itself, see 'ForceVector'. This subsence of 'ApplyingaForce' can be due to a 'pushing' or 'pulling' application of force. `Cyc: The collection of events in which some kind of force acts on an object so as to affect its movement in some way. The force might cause the object to move, prevent it from moving, or influence the manner in which it moves. Corresponds approximately to verb senses 3 and 8 of 'force' in WordNet: 3. (13) push, force - (move with force, 'He pushed the table into a corner') 8. (1) pull, draw, force - (cause to move by pulling; 'draw a wagon'; 'pull a sled')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c ForceTransmissionEvent^c
Sub-classes	SlowingDownaVehicle^c PullingOrPushingEvent^c Thrusting^c SpeedingUpaVehicle^c

AffectingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AffectingSomething`
Description	An Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, an Object a Situation - affects something else, or causes an Event. This is very broad and inclusive, but requires that something have a causative role in some other Event. NOTE that 'CausingSomething' is a SUBTYPE of 'AffectingSomething' - the llnguistic use of 'cause' requires a stronger relation than just 'affect'; to 'cause' is to be one of a small number of unquestioned direct causes, not merely to have some influence. see also the relations 'ableToAffect', 'hadThingAffected', 'causes' and 'caused'. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'affect' in WordNet, and includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'influence: in WordNet: 1. (51) affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch - (have an effect upon; 'Will the new rules affect me?') 2. (11) affect - (act physically on; have an effect upon) WN verb 'influence: 1. (20) influence, act upon, work - (have and exert influence or effect; 'The artist's work influenced the young painter'; 'She worked on her friends to support the political candidate') 2. (9) determine, shape, mold, influence, regulate - (shape or influence; give direction to; 'experience often determines ability'; 'mold public opinion')
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	CausingSomething^c DisposingAnAgentToAction^c Interacting^c RegulatingSomething^c DoingSomething^c Impeding^c TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay^c ApplyingAForce^c

Affection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affection`
Description	A 'Liking' in which the object of 'liking' is another person; a feeling of tenderness, from any cause. Differs from 'Sympathy' in not requiring that the object of the Tenderness be experiencing any distress. CYC: 'fondness': An instance of #$FeelingType, usually applied to humans. Each instance of Fondness is a feeling of some agent toward another agent that is more intense than a simple liking. Cyc: A feeling of fondness for someone or something. Sympathy, liking, warmth, tenderness. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Affection are #$Love, #$Passion, etc. Includes noun senses 3, 4, and 5 of 'tenderness' and sense 1 of 'affection' and sense 2 of 'fondness' in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'affection' and verb sense 3 of 'like' in WordNet: 2. affection, affectionateness, fondness, tenderness, heart, warmness, warmheartedness, philia - (a positive feeling of liking; 'he had trouble expressing the affection he felt'; 'the child won everyone's heart'; 'the warmness of his welcome made us feel right at home') WN 'like': 3. (19) like - (be fond of; 'I like my nephews')
Super-classes	Liking^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Fond^c
Sub-classes	Love^c Togetherness^c WarmFeelings^c

Affectionately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affectionately`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'affectionately' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dearly, affectionately, dear - (with affection; 'she loved him dearly'; 'he treats her affectionately')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

AffectiveDisorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AffectiveDisorder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'affective disorder' in WordNet: 1. affective disorder, major affective disorder, emotional disorder, emotional disturbance - (any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant)`
Super-classes	PsychologicalAilment^c
Sub-classes	Mania^c

Affidavit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affidavit`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'affidavit' in WordNet: 1. (1) affidavit - (written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath)`
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c RecordedTestimony^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sworn^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some Oath^c

Affiliate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affiliate`
Description	An ''Affiliate'' is a Person who is affiliated with some Organization. This can be a ''Member'' for organizations that have affiliates called 'member' but for organizations whose affiliates are not called 'members' (e.g. commercial corporations) this term can be used as the broadest category for people associated with those organizations including but not solely employees. A Consultant who has a continuing (more than once) relation with an Organization could be an ''Affiliate''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'affiliate' in WordNet: 1. affiliate - (a subordinate or subsidiary associate; a person who is affiliated with another or with an organization)`
Super-classes	Associate^c AffiliatedAgent^c
Restrictions	isAssociatedWithAgent^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	BroadcastCommentator^c Employee^c Commentator^c Member^c

Affiliated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affiliated`
Description	''Affiliated'' is the attribute of an ''IntelligentAgent'' that experienced (was the 'patient' of) a ''BecomingAffiliated'' Action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'affiliated' in Wordnet: 1. (1) affiliated, attached, connected - (being joined in close association; 'affiliated clubs'; 'all art schools whether independent or attached to universities')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Related^c
Sub-classes	Auxiliary^c

AffiliatedAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AffiliatedAgent`
Description	An ''AffiliatedAgent'' an ''IntelligentAgent'' who is formally ''Affiliated'' with some other ''IntelligentAgent''. For a Person ''Affiliated'' with an Organization, use subtype ''Affiliate'' `Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'affiliate' in WordNet: 1. affiliate - (a subordinate or subsidiary associate; a person who is affiliated with another or with an organization) 2. affiliate - (a subsidiary or subordinate organization that is affiliated with another organization; 'network affiliates')`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Affiliate^c

Affiliation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affiliation

Description

An ''Affiliation'' is a ''HumanRelationship'' that is more formal than just acquaintance or association, and is typically between a Person and some GoupOfPeople or Organization, though this includes relations between Organizations and other Organizations. This represents the ''PersistentState'' that is an Action performed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' (Person, GroupOfPeople,or Organization) that is ''Affiliated'' in some formal way with another ''IntelligentAgent''.

       Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'affiliation' in WordNet:
         1. (2) affiliation, association, tie, tie-up - (a social or business relationship;
            'a valuable financial affiliation'; 'he was sorry he had to sever his ties 
            with other members of the team'; 'many close associations with England')

Super-classes HumanRelationship^c

Affinity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affinity`
Description	''Affinity'' is 'BeingRelated' by people who have some shared attributes or backgrounds or interests. This is a feeling of closeness between two people, not one Person and some inanimate object or activity. The Feeling often is, but does not have to be, mutual. This is categorized here as a ''Feeling'' though it is not thus described in the WN or RHW. Corresponds to noun sense 5 and part of sense 7 of 'affinity' in WordNet: 5. affinity, kinship - (a close connection marked by community of interests or similarity in nature or character; 'found a natural affinity with the immigrants'; 'felt a deep kinship with the other students'; 'anthropology's kinship with the humanities') 7. affinity - (a natural attraction or feeling of kinship; 'an affinity for politics'; 'the mysterious affinity between them'; 'James's affinity with Sam')
Super-classes	BeingRelated^c Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Rapport^c

Affirming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affirming`
Description	Each ''Affirming'' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s)replies to a prior assertion by another agent by asserting that the prior assertion is true. This differs from ''Agreeing'' in that ''Agreeing'' is intended to assert an opinion, whereas ''Affirming'' asserts a purported fact. NOTE that ''AdmittingaFact'' is not necessarily an ''Affirming'' because an ''AdmittingaFact'' does not require that it be a response to a prior assertion: the person admitting may be the one first reporting the fact (as in 'I made a mistake in my calculations, and have to retract my conclusion') this is a 'positive Includes but is broader than (not necessarily done in a formal setting) verb sense 2 of 'affirm' in Wordnet: 2. (3) affirm, verify, assert, avow, aver, swan, swear - (to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; 'Before God I swear I am innocent') WN noun 'affirmation' 2. affirmation, assertion, statement - (the act of affirming or asserting or stating something) WN verb 'affirm': 3. (2) affirm - (say yes to)
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c Answering^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Positive^c impliesPriorEventType^op some RequestingOrProposing^c
Sub-classes	Attesting^c Reaffirming^c

Affixing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affixing`
Description	''Affixing'' is a form of ''Bonding'' in which an Agent attaches an Object to the surface of another much larger Object by using some adhesive material to cause the two to adhere to each other. The adhesive can be pre-applied to one of the objects (as the 'gum' on a gummed label or a postage stamp), or can be placed in liquid or gel form onto one of the objects before pressing them together. 'affixing' a plaque to a wall would only be on instance if it were attached with a bonding material; putting a poster on a wall would be an instance if it were glued, but not if it were stapled. For the case where the thing affixed had pre-applied ahdesive material, use the subtype ''ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface''. The action of ''ApplyingSomethingToSurface'' is a parent, and is used for liquid or semiliquid substances, which are not usually 'Bonding' materials (e.g. paint or ink). So inking or painting a surface is somewhat similar,but on a different branch of ''ApplyingSomethingToSurface''. This is the action that happens when a person places a gummed label on an Object or a postage stamp to an envelope. The use of magnets,whether built-in to one object or placed on top of one of the objects to hold it to the other, is not included in this type. 'tagging' by tying with a string or other line is represented by ''Tagging''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'affix' in WordNet: 1. (7) affix, stick on - (attach to; 'affix the seal here')
Super-classes	Attaching^c Bonding^c ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface^c

Afflicted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afflicted

Description

''Afflicted'' is an attribute that characterizes an Animal having some ''AilmentCondition''. 'afflicted with pneumonia'; 'stricken with polio'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'afflicted' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) afflicted, stricken - (grievously affected especially by disease)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

AfflictingWithAnAilment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfflictingWithAnAilment`
Description	''AfflictingWithAnAilment'' is a vague Action termed 'afflict' of something that causes an ''AilmentCondition'' in some Animal, usually a Person. The thing that does this is very vague, perhaps just 'fate' or the ''AilmentCondition'' itself, but is treated grammatically as an 'agent'. This forms the root for the more commonly used terms 'afflicted' and 'affliction'. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'afflict' in WordNet: 3. afflict, trouble, ail, pain - (cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op value Animal^c causes^op value AilmentCondition^c

Affliction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affliction`
Description	''Affliction' is a form of''Trouble'' that causes suffering.
Super-classes	Trouble^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prolonged^c causes^op value StateOfSuffering^c

Affordable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Affordable`
Description	'Affordable' characterizes a price that is not 'expensive' relative to the financial resources of the Person wanting to purchase the product. For some people, nothing is 'affordable.but this is intended to be used relative to a typical Person who is employed or retred. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'affordable' in Wordnet: 1. low-cost, low-priced, affordable - (that you have the financial means for; 'low-cost housing')`
Super-classes	QualitativePriceValue^c
Sub-classes	Inexpensive^c

AffordingaPurchase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AffordingaPurchase`
Description	''AffordingaPurchase'' is the state of a ''Person'' who has sufficient ''Money'' (a large enough ''MoneyObject'') to buy some desired or needed thing. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'afford' in WordNet: 3. afford - (have the financial means to do something or buy something; 'We can't afford to send our children to college'; 'Can you afford this car?')`
Super-classes	HavingMoney^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c enablesOrAssists^op value Buying^c requiresResource^op some FinancialMeans^c

Afghan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afghan

Description

A 'BedCover'' knitted or crocheted.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'afghan' in WordNet:
         1. (1) afghan - (a blanket knitted or crocheted in strips or squares; sometimes used as a shawl)

Super-classes BedCover^c

AfghanHound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfghanHound

Description

CYC: A collection of large dogs with long-haired coats.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'afghan hound' in WordNet:
         1. Afghan hound, Afghan - 
             (tall graceful breed of hound with a long silky coat; native to the Near East)

Super-classes Hound^c

Aforementioned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aforementioned

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aforementioned' in Wordnet:
           1. aforesaid, aforementioned, said - (being the one previously mentioned or spoken of;
            'works of all the aforementioned authors'; 'said party has denied the charges')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Afraid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afraid`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Fear''. `For the case of being afraid because of a ''FrighteningEvent'' use ''Frightened''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'afraid' and sense 5 of 'fearful' in WordNet: 1. (29) afraid - (filled with fear or apprehension; 'afraid even to turn his head'; 'suddenly looked afraid'; 'afraid for his life'; 'afraid of snakes'; 'afraid to ask questions') 5. fearful - (experiencing or showing fear; 'a fearful glance'; 'fearful of criticism')`
Super-classes	FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Frightened^c Despairing^c Reluctant^c Xenophobic^c

African^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#African

Description

''African'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Africa''. This is usually written with a capital 'A'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'African' in WordNet:
       1. (5) African - (of or relating to the nations of Africa 
          or their peoples; 'African languages')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

African-American^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#African-American

Description

'African-American' is the attribute of something - a Person, Action or Object or practise, that is associated with or performed by, belongs to, or otherwise pertains to ''African-AmericanPerson''s as a group.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'African-American' in WordNet:
    1. African-American, Afro-American - (pertaining to or characteristic of Americans
       of African ancestry; 'Afro-American culture'; 'many black people 
         preferred to be called African-American or Afro-American')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

African-AmericanPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#African-AmericanPerson

Description

'African-AmericanPerson' is a ''Person'' of 'Negro'' ancestry that is a ''UnitedStatesPerson''..

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'African-American' in WordNet:
           1. African-American, African American, Afro-American, Black American - 
              (an American whose ancestors were born in Africa)

Super-classes Negro^c
UnitedStatesPerson^c

After-School^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#After-School`
Description	''After-School'' is an attribute pertaining to and characterizing the daily ''AfterSchoolTime'' TimeInterval that occurs after each ''SchoolDay'' and before midnight. 'after-school activities'
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

AfterSchoolTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfterSchoolTime`
Description	''AfterSchoolTime'' is the period of time each Day that follows the ''SchoolDay'' and lasts until students go home - from 3 PM to as late as midnight.
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#daily^c alwaysFollows^op value SchoolDay^c

Afterlife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afterlife`
Description	The ''Afterlife'' is a hypothetical or religious or mythical concept in which the soul continues to live until the ''EndOfTime''or the body is resurrected or the soul is reincarnated after the original body has died in some manner. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'afterlife' in WordNet: 1. afterlife, hereafter - (life after death)`
Super-classes	LifeSpan^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndOfTime^c hasFirstElement^op only TimeOfDeath^c

Aftermath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aftermath`
Description	This sense of 'Aftermath'' is related to an ''Outcome'' in that it is caused, directly or indirectly, by some prior Event. It differs, however, in that there is some interval of time, possibly brief,that elapses between the ending of the causative Event and the onset of the ''Aftermath''. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'aftermath' in WordNet: 1. aftermath, wake, backwash - (the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event); 'the aftermath of war'; 'in the wake of the accident no one knew how many had been injured') 2. consequence, aftermath - (the outcome of an event especially as relative to an individual; 'that result is of no consequence')`
Super-classes	Effect^c Result^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some Event^c
Sub-classes	NegativeConsequence^c

Afternoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afternoon`
Description	Any TimeInterval that begins at noon and ends at Sunset. In COSMO this TimeInterval includes the Noon time point, but does not include the Sunset time point - even though it is named 'after' noon. This convention allows Noon to be part of the 'PM' half of the 12-hour clock formalism; '12 PM' is Noon.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of afternoon'' in WordNet: 1. (51) afternoon - (the part of the day between noon and evening; 'he spent a quiet afternoon in the park') WN adj'postmeridian': 1. postmeridian - (after noon)`
Super-classes	DayTime^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MorningAndEvening^c

Afterthought^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afterthought`
Description	This ''Afterthought'' is an 'AddedObject' that was added after an initial plan had been completed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'afterthought' in WordNet: 2. afterthought - (an addition that was not included in the original plan; 'the garage was an afterthought')`
Super-classes	AddedObject^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value PlanningEvent^c

Again^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Again`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'twice' in WordNet: 1. (249) again, once again, once more, over again - (anew; 'she tried again'; 'they rehearsed the scene again')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Anew^c

AgainstSomeRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgainstSomeRule`
Description	'AgainstSomeRule' is an attribute of an Action that violates some rule, including rules of a game as well as official governmental laws. For 'illegal' meaning against an official law, use 'Illegal' `See also 'ViolatesRule'. The 'has' restriction requires specifying the 'Rule' that the Action violates.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Illegal^c

Agate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agate

Description

A non-transparent variety of ''Quartz''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agate' in WordNet:
        1. (1) agate - (an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; 
           used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles)

Super-classes Chalcedony^c

Agave^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agave

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agave' in WordNet:
          1. agave, century plant, American aloe - 
             (tropical American plants with basal rosettes 
               of fibrous sword-shaped leaves and flowers in tall spikes; 
               some cultivated for ornament or for fiber)

Super-classes DesertPlant^c

Age^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Age

Description

Age is an Attribute that specifies the magnitude of the time interval between 'now' and when an entity first started to exist. IT can be applied to Objects and People. For things that take some perceptible time to develop, such as buildings under construction, vehicles on an assembly line, art works while being created, or animals in embryonic or fetal development, the 'Age' is the time starting after the construction or development phase, as buildings when first deemed sufficiently complete for use, or animals when they are born or hatched. The 'Age' of a person corresponds with the traditional counting for birthdays.

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'age' in WordNet:
   1. (369) age - (how long something has existed;
     'it was replaced because of its age')

Super-classes AttributeType^c

Age-Old^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Age-Old

Description

''Age-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are very old, typically more than 50 years old.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'age-old' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) age-old, antique - (belonging to or lasting from times long ago; 
           'age-old customs'; 'the antique fear that days would dwindle away to complete darkness')

Super-classes Old^c

AgeAtDate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgeAtDate`
Description	'AgeAtDate' is used to represent an Age as an alternate to 'AgeValue', which requires a 'BirthTime' and a 'Now' value. 'AgeAtDate' is in some respects simpler, corresponding to the common way of expressing age : X is 20 years old (now). To represnt an 'AgeAtDate' one uses the asserted age in time units, and the date-time at which that value is true. `The first valjue of the OrderedPair is the age value in time units, and the second valkue is the date at which the firt valueof age is true. Either value can be expressed to any degree of precision.`
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	atTime^op some DateTimeExtendedGroup^c hasFirstElement^op some TimeDuration^c

AgeCohort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgeCohort`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cohort' in WordNet: 3. age group, age bracket, cohort - (a group people having approximately the same age)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Person^c

AgeCulture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgeCulture`
Description	A specialization of #$HumanCulture, each instance of which is a culture whose focal participants are of a particular age group, and which has developed around the experiences of that group. Examples include teenage culture, adult culture, and middle-age culture.
Super-classes	Culture^c

AgeInYears^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgeInYears`
Description	'AgeInYears'' is a simplified neans of expressing a ''AgeValue''. Instances need only specify a Float number to allow proper description. Since this does not reference a birth date, the age can be applied to types (classes) for which an age is context dependent, rather than to individuals at a particular time.
Super-classes	Attribute^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op some TimeDuration-Years^c hasAttributeType^op value Age^c
Sub-classes	MinimumAge^c MaximumAge^c

AgeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgeValue`
Description	Age is the quantitative measure of an Age, a subtype of 'TimeDuration'. Its units will be units of TimeDuration. It is a Difference between the reference time (usually 'now') and the time at which something was born or created. In addition to having a value of an instance of 'TimeDuration', each 'AgeValue' must reference the time of the assertion of age, in order to be comprehensible. That is accomplished by making this AttributeValue a subtype of 'Difference', which is a subtype of 'OrderedPair' the elements of the OrderedPair will be the time of assertion, an instance of 'Now', and the BirthTime for the entity. The AgeValue should correspond to the difference in time values of the two element, and that will serve as an internal check on the numbers. An alternate and perhaps more perspicuous way of representing age, not requiring the calculation of a difference, is to use 'AgeAtDate' (which see). In COSMO, units such as 'yearsOld', 'monthsOld' and 'daysOld' can be used as the units for Age. As a 'Difference', each 'AgeValue' is an OrderedPair, the first value being an instance of 'Now' (the time of the assertion) and the second value being the time the entity started to exist. The specification of the values of these elements are not required, though the time of the assertion should be specified, or if not within this attribute's elements, then derivable from some associated assertion or from context. The two elements of this value (a 'difference') represent (1) the time 'now' when the age value is asserted, represented as the first element; and (2) the time of completion of the creation of the entity ('BirthTime'), represented as the second element. The age is the quantitative difference between these two times, each of which is a point on the real time line (in some ''PossibleWorld''), being an instance of 'DateTime'.
Super-classes	Difference^c NumericalDifference^c TimeDuration^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op only Now^c hasSecondElement^op only BirthTime^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Age74years

Aged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aged

Description

''Aged'' is the attribute of something that has experienced the process of ''AgingaSubstance''.

         NOTE: this includes ''Fruit'' that have ripened, whether naturally on a plant,
           or intentionally, as by putting it in a bag.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'aged' in Wordnet:
          4. aged, ripened - (of wines, fruit, cheeses; having reached a desired or final condition;
             (`aged' pronounced as one syllable); 'mature well-aged cheeses')

Super-classes Older^c

AgendaItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgendaItem`
Description	An ''AgendaItem'' is any one of the topics that are expected to be discussed at a ''FormalMeeting''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agenda item' in WordNet: 1. agenda item - (one of the items to be considered)`
Super-classes	Item^c Issue^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some MeetingAgenda^c

Agent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agent`
Description	An ''Agent'' is a 'Representative' who acts on behalf of and for the benefit of some other ''IntelligentAgent'' which can be an individual or an Organization or (as in the case of a ''Spy'') a government. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'agent' in WordNet: 3. (6) agent - (a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations)`
Super-classes	Representative^c
Sub-classes	SecretAgent^c BookingAgent^c Proxy^c ProfessionalBroker^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankAndPat http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManoleteAndToro

Agent-NonArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agent-NonArtifact`
Description	COSMO note: 'Agent-NonArtifact' is classified as a subtype of GenericLocation because thoughts are located in the mind of 'IntentionalAgent's, and therefore even SupernaturalBeings need to be a 'location' to be the place where their thoughts are located; this obscure requirement does not affect ordinary reasoning. `Other labels: Agent[Cyc] agentive-physical-object[DOLCE] OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: The collection of #$Agent-Generics (q.v.) that are not tangible artifacts (cf. #$AgentiveArtifact). #$Agent includes all naturally-occurring agents (e.g. #$Persons and #$Animals), any #$SupernaturalBeings (q.v.), and #$Organizations.`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	SupernaturalBeing^c Person^c

AgentAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentAttributeValue`
Description	An attribute meaningful only as applied to 'IntentionalAgent's, including animals, people, automatons, and groups and organizations.
Super-classes	BiologicalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unfortunate^c AnimalAttributeValue^c Dissatisfied^c Fortunate^c

AgentCapability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentCapability`
Description	The Capability to act as an Agent in some Action. NOTE that an AgentCapability is a subtype of 'Resource', because the term 'resource' is sometimes used to refer to a person's abilities. 'She has resources she has not yet shown.' This conforms to sense 6 of 'resource' in Random House Webster: '6. capability in dealing with a situation or in meeting difficulties: a woman of resource.' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'ability' and sense 1 of 'capability' in WordNet: WN 'ability' 1. (20) ability - (the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment) WN 'capability' 1. (8) capability, capableness - (the quality of being capable - physically or intellectually or legally; 'he worked to the limits of his capability') WN noun 'power': 3. (77) ability, power - (possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; 'danger heightened his powers of discrimination')
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c Capability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	AbilityToDance^c Might-Physical^c Competence^c Aptitude^c LinguisticProcess^c AbilityToRemember^c AbilityToSpeakaLanguage^c CompetenceGroup^c FinancialCapability^c Viability^c Authenticity^c AbilityToCauseDamage^c AbilityToInfluencePeople^c AbilityToSwim^c HavingaPower^c OriginalityCapability^c AbilityToPerformMagic^c Creativity^c AbilityToChoose^c AbilityToDoArithmetic^c HighlyInfluential^c Intelligence^c AbilityToPerceive^c

AgentGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentGroup`
Description	A Group consisting exclusively of Agents, which may be individuals (people), or Organizations, or GroupsOfPeople. The most common AgentGroups will be groups of people, but there are also groups of Organizations (The United Nations, a Chamber of Commerce) and groups that are of mixed types (a company's customers may be individuals and organizations). As a Group, it may not have to act in any coordinated manner, so it is not necessarily itself an ''IntentionalAgent'' although its component elements are.
Super-classes	Group^c GenericAgent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (IntentionalAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	Competitors^c GroupOfContestants^c WolfPack^c ContractingAgents^c CollectiveAgent^c TwoAgentGroup^c OrganizationMembership^c EnemyGroup^c GroupOfLifeForms^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatAndCOSMOBank

AgentInRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentInRole`
Description	Each 'AgentInRole' is an IntelligentAgent (human,corporation, Group of people) that is playing a Role in some situation. `This is intended to align with the FIBO 'agent in role' that aligns with SKOS 'agent in role', defined as 'An agent-in-role is a relative concept that ties an autonomous agent to a role they are playing in a given situational context.'`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c AgentRole^c TemporalThing^c
Restrictions	hasRoleFiller^op only IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	RogueAnimal^c DiseaseVector^c PartyInRole^c HumanRole^c

AgentRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentRole`
Super-classes	Role^c GenericAgent^c
Sub-classes	AgentInRole^c Inhabitant^c

AgentRoleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentRoleType`
Description	''AgentRoleType'' is a metaclass that is a subclass of both 'AgentType' and 'RoleType'. It is used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of HumanRole as their argument.
Super-classes	AgentType^c RoleType^c
Sub-classes	HumanRoleType^c InsuredPartyType^c

AgentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Agent as one of their arguments. All Organisms, plant, animal, microorganism, are of AgentType.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	PathogenType^c DeviceType^c AgentRoleType^c SubstanceType^c CountryType^c WaveType^c LifeFormType^c IntelligentAgentType^c
Members	Pacifist CoupleOfPeople Faction NewspaperPublisher Comptroller PoliceLieutenant TerroristAgent SquattingExercise RacialMinority WorkCrew DigitalComputer TomTurkey GroupOfBeasts Municipality TrustingAgent BaseballPitcher Exception Folks BasketballLeague Business AutomobileManufacturer WorkingClass SupernaturalBeing Mob CommissionMember MovingWater WeightLifting GallinaceousBird LargestCityByArea GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople AgentRole ReactionaryPerson Procession SnappingTurtle ProfessionalAthlete AffectedPerson Vampire Foursome InterestGroup CommonCarrier HumanoidRobot DanceBand Unicorn GenericWorker Opponent CoFounders TwoFemalePeople SocialBeing Southpaw ShipCrew SocialOrganization MilitaryCorps AdulteringCouple Shortstop ContractingAgents GroupOfVictims NeighborhoodFolk SocialBody Taliban LadyFriend Sorority Priesthood ServiceProvider AuthorOfRecord IntentionalAgent NativeAmericans Couple Ogre ArtisticMovement RadioOrTVAudience AssemblageOfPeople Radical Brewer Author Wolverine PrivateInvestigator HomeTown LegalAgent GenericAgent GroupOfContestants Voter PublicUtility BlackFootedFerret Band-MusicGroup SoccerPlayer Builder Clique Township BaseballLeague SportsLeague Hirer BigGroupOfVictims UnidentifiedPerson Polluter Medalist Clan Chick StreetGang TalibanMilitia Maker MultiPersonAgent SchoolGrade Scapegoat BreweryOrganization Animal Mink SeaLion Proctor Coauthor ShowProducer Devil Rally Crew BalletDancer Otter TwoLovers Champion FootballBack LineBacker Syndicate FootballPlayer Mammal Laity ReligiousMovement ComputerUser Volcano ArmyUnit Debtor Supplier EaredSeal EmployerPB Royalty PhysicalSubstance WolfPack GovernmentalAuthority AcidicSolution Mole Cabal HinduAvatar Mongoose SocialClass HardLiner MovieProductionCrew Platoon Betrothed Precinct District LittleLeaguer ContractThirdParty Commission Ministry Client SecretAgent Enemy Liberal GroupOfLifeForms CastOfaDramaticPerformance BoyScouts Caste CarPool PoliticalPartyMembers Mafia ArmySquad CommonFolk Armadillo Faculty God Customer PubliclyHeldCorporation SoftwareAgent ElectoralDistrict Jurisdiction BaseballPlayer CastOfaPerformance Brood PeriodicalPublisher Herd FarmBusiness FullComplement Lefty Company-Military ConspiracyGroup HumanAgent GroupOfCultures NotMarriedCouple AgentiveObject ComputationalSystem AssociationAuxiliary Traditionalist Co-Owner MilitaryUnit TwoAgentGroup GeopoliticalEntity Banshee Squadron-MilitaryEchelon IntelligentAgent Railroad Town Authority GroupOfNations RockMusicGroup TaxPayer TroopOfSoldiers Owner Cult Horde Bequeather PowerLifting Division-Military Secretariat TheSyndicate LittleLeague ActorsInaPerformance SocialGroup USCity MaleOrganism Brothers MilitaryAgent AssociationChapter EconomicClass UpperClass Computer BankAndCustomer HinduDeity KinshipGroup Chicken BoardOfDirectorsMember MatadorAndBull BoyFriend VotingBloc LocalGovernmentOrganization Supporter ProductionCrew Population RankOfPeople TwoMalePeople CapitalCity PetitJury Democrat HumanPopulation Polity Government Huddle Cornerback OtherPeople LegalEntity JewelryMaker Embodiment agentive-social-object ArtilleryMan CatalyticThing Calculator TwoCloseRelatives Prefecture Tribe Rightist CommunityOfInterest Bird CountyPoliceDepartment Fielder ScoutingOrganization CastOfaMovie Shire ParliamentaryGovernment GrandJury LargestCity Angel Contributor Manufacturer Praisee Admirer Gymnast SentientAnimal Martian Deportee Poultry TheMob Combatant CriminalUnderworld GirlScouts County BrideAndGroom Adversary Anonymous ClassroomAttendees PoliceForce FunctionalBusinessEntity Village Detective IndividualPerson PubliclyHeldOrganization Community City Quadruped PeopleOfaCollege Flock Issuer BeliefGroup GovernmentOfficials Weasel GroupOfAnimals JuryPanel Sodality GroupOfIntentionalAgents Revolutionary Fate MajorLeague Airline Clergy Manager PackOfAnimals ChristianGroup LittleLeagueTeam Dancer SiouxTribe ActivityTypeFocusGroup Generation Creator Throng MinorLeague AdministrativeUnit RaceOfPeople TurkeyBird StartupGroup PoliceOrganization AgentiveArtifact OrganizationMembers Nazi LargestCityByPopulation Environmentalist CommercialServiceProvider BoomerGeneration Payer Councillor SectorOfSociety MiddleClass MultipleRaces WalkingAnimal BandOfPeople Fairy Invader MovieProducer Mankind Buyer Patrol Ally PoliceDepartment Sandman TheMasses AffiliatedAgent Footracer Roommate Species GroupOfOrganizations Publisher Caterer PirateCrew InterestGroupMember CrowdOfPeople CoupPlotters CoLocatedContestants Attendees MilitaryOrganization Finalist Inspector Children GovernmentalCommune DefendersOfPrinciple Assembly Womankind WorkForce NonGovernmentalOrganization Constituency NormativeExample Supervisor Lender Omnivore Consortium CooperativeBusiness StepFamily IntelligentArtifact GirlFriend Queue Same-SexCouple LowerMiddleClass CooperativeAssociation OrchestraMembers FinalAuthority PrideOfLions Reincarnation Employer StateOrProvince CausalAgent Mustelidae Activist Loyalist AudienceOfSpectators Classmates FootballBlocker ClusterOfAnimals TeamMembers Parish Funder Swarm OrganizationMember MusicalEnsemble Creditor Ancestry Leadership Importer BaseballCatcher Gang Sect Victim Skunk GrassRoots Readership Kicker MuslimGroup ComputationalDevice Breeder Outfielder Vertebrate Edentate BaseballBatter Goddess Vendor HomeBuilder Academia RowOfPeople Coauthors Distributor Choreographer Stakeholder Guardian LegislativeAuthority PoliticalPartyMember Society Regiment-MilitaryEchelon Borrower PersonAndAnimal Cartel PartyInRole VehicleQueue PanelistGroup ContractPrincipal Threesome Tenant SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 ProfessionalAuthor TVAudience Fraternity JazzBand EnemyGroup LeftWing IndividualAgent ResidentsAtTime Empire GovernmentalOrganization RiverOtter Country Ballerina AgentiveIntelligentObject Cities Archipelago BiologicalEvolution Turnout BatchOfThings DeusExMachina AdministrativeDistrict ThePublic ConservativePerson GroupOfFourOrMorePeople WaterCompany Member SocialDomain Squad-Military Troll PublicSector SoccerGoalkeeper Lover AgentInRole Colony Fiancee Peacenik Sib AgentGroup AnonymousAuthor CommonSnappingTurtle Litter MassAudience Defenders WeightLifter ThePress MusicGroup ReligiousOrder Seal-Animal MilitaryEnemy Gunner Walrus CriminalGang Directors UnknownAgent SeaOtter Commune Prototype SchoolDistrict Civilization Jury Quarterback SoulMate PoliceInvestigator SeaTurtle MarriedCouple DivineBeing ScoutTroop ContractCounterparty BaseballBaseman GroupOfWomen Fascist Listener Fiance RepublicanPartyMember Blacksmith SocialSphere ReligiousGroup Rebel FreelanceWorker Wholesaler ColonialPower MilitaryPersonnel NeutralParty JudicialSystem Brigade-MilitaryEchelon ProfessionalGoup StakesHolder Agent-NonArtifact CapitalismAdvocate FootballLineman SocialMovement Audience LargeGroupOfPeople

AgentiveArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentiveArtifact`
Description	Cyc: #$AgentiveArtifact - an ArtifactObject (e.g. a computer or robot) that can behave like an agent. #$AgentiveArtifact is the collection of all artifacts (created by instances of #$Agent) that commonly possess (at least) the apparent ability to make decisions and commence actions more or less independently of those agents. The distinction here is conventional; a certain functional sophistication possessed by instances of #$Artifact that are 'not really living agents' seems to mirror that possessed by 'living agents'. This sense of agency derives from ability or function the artifact possesses, namely the ability to commence actions, independently of agents, based on some internal calculation or deliberation. Subcollections include #$SoftwareAgent and #$Enclave-Computer.
Super-classes	AgentiveObject^c
Sub-classes	Watercraft^c IntelligentArtifact^c ComputationalDevice^c

AgentiveIntelligentObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentiveIntelligentObject`
Description	Similar to DOLCE: agentive-physical-object Intelligence in the sense used here requires the ability to understand language and communicate in a language at least close to the complexity of human language. This category includes only physical objects. At present, the level of intelligence required to belong to this category and be a physical object is possessed only by people. In the future, robots may qualify. Note that an 'Organization' is also intelligent in the sense used here, but is not a PhysicalObject, therefore does not fall into this category. DOLCE: Within Physical objects, a special place have those to which we ascribe generic intentionality (compatibly to Brentano's distinction, the ability to internally represent a description). These are called Agentive, as opposite to Non-agentive. In general, we assume that agentive objects are constituted by non-agentive objects: an organism is constituted by bodily organs, a robot is constituted by some machinery, and so on. Among non-agentive physical objects we have for example houses, bodily organs, pieces of wood, etc. Generic agentivity is defined here in a wide sense as implying representation or conception (to be characterized in a dedicated - but not developed as yet - ontology of mind). A representation or conception only requires intentionality in Brentano's terms (i.e., the ability to represent something to oneself). See also 'rational physical object'.
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c AgentiveObject^c
Sub-classes	Person^c GroupOfVictims^c GroupOfIntentionalAgents^c

AgentiveObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentiveObject`
Description	An AgentiveObject is a PhysicalObject that can cause changes to other objects. This class contains subclasses that have the capacity to act as agents, i.e. to cause changes in the real world; but this general class of agents do not have to have intentions or form plans.. People are the Agents that are typically of greatest interest. But Tornadoes, hurricanes, tsunamis, volcanoes, etc. can behave as agents in that they cause external events due to their internal processes. All of these agentive objects are included in this category, but Organizations, which are classified as MentalObjects in this ontology, are in a separate agentive category.
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	AgentiveArtifact^c PerceptualAgent^c DeusExMachina^c AgentiveIntelligentObject^c

AgentiveSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgentiveSubstance`
Description	'AgentiveSubstance' is a 'PhysicalSubstance' in the Role of some agent that can cause some effect. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'agent' in WordNet: 2. (6) agent - (a substance that exerts some force or effect)`
Super-classes	Role^c Cause^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Antacid^c GinsengRootPowder^c Bleach^c

Agglomeration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agglomeration`
Description	A ''Agglomeration''' is an ''Accumulation'' that is unorganized internally, potentially produced by a natural process (silting, volcanic ash, ''Drifting'') or by an intentional but not systematic ''Collecting'' (as in a garbage heap). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agglomeration' in WordNet: 1. (2) agglomeration - (a jumbled collection or mass)`
Super-classes	Accumulation^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Gathering^c
Sub-classes	Drift^c SiltBed^c Lump^c

Aggression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aggression`
Description	An ''Aggression'' is a ''ViolentAction'' in which one agent physically attacks another agent, trying to cause harm or to take something away from that other agent by force. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'aggression' in WordNet: 3. (1) aggression, hostility - (violent action that is hostile and usually unprovoked)`
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c ViolentAction^c AggressiveAction^c
Sub-classes	Plundering^c

Aggressive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aggressive`
Description	The attribute of a Person or Organization that tends to engage in unprovoked attacks on others, physical, economic, or psychological. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'aggressive' in WordNet: 3. aggressive, belligerent - (characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight; 'aggressive acts against another country'; 'a belligerent tone')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Savage^c

AggressiveAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AggressiveAction`
Description	An ''AggressiveAction'' is an ''Action'' by a Person that is unpleasant to a Person affected and is known or expected by the Actor to be unpleasant. For aggression including violence use subtype ''Aggression''. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'aggression' in WordNet: 5. aggression - (deliberately unfriendly behavior)`
Super-classes	HostileSocialAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Aggressive^c
Sub-classes	Aggression^c Provocation^c

Aggressively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aggressively`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'aggressively' in Wordnet: 1. aggressively, sharply - (in an aggressive manner; 'she was being sharply questioned')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Aggressiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aggressiveness`
Description	The Trait of a person or organization that engages in unprovoked attacks on others, both verbal and physical and military and economic. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'aggressiveness' in WordNet: 3. aggressiveness, belligerence, pugnacity - (a natural disposition to be hostile)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Aggressive^c
Sub-classes	Nerviness^c

Agile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agile

Description

''Agile'' is an attribute of an Animal (including people) that moves quickly and graceuflly,i.e. has the trait of ''Agility''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'agile' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) agile, nimble, quick, spry - (moving quickly and lightly; 
            'sleek and agile as a gymnast'; 'as nimble as a deer'; 'nimble fingers';
             'quick of foot'; 'the old dog was so spry it was halfway up the stairs
              before we could stop it')

Super-classes Graceful^c
AnimalAttributeValue^c

Agility^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agility

Description

''Agility'' is a subtype of ''Gracefulness'' specifying that the animal moves gracefully and quickly, and can change position rapidly to respond to new stimuli.

   CYC: #$Agility is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType
        for describing actions in which the performer's whole
        body moves precisely and in a well-coordinated fashion.

"isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait" Gracefulness "isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute"

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agility' in WordNet:
       1. agility, legerity, lightness, lightsomeness, nimbleness - 
          (the gracefulness of a person or animal that is quick and nimble)

Super-classes Gracefulness^c

Aging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aging`
Description	This sense of 'aging' is for an Organism growing older, and therby accumulating changes to the Organism, often harmful to health or function. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aging' in WordNet: 1. (1) aging, ageing, senescence - (the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Older^c

AgingaSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgingaSubstance`
Description	This sense of 'aging' is for the process of storing a quantity of substance, such as Wine, Cheese, or Whiskey, in some place and under some conditions where the property(s) become more agreeable or useful. For food substances, this process is intended to improve the taste. Some solid substances (e.g. Wood or a Fruit) may acquire more desirable qualities by some ''AgingaSubstance'' Action. 'wood aged'; 'aged in barrels' ' rums aged 6-23 years, aged in casks that previously held robust American whiskies' 'Golden Ale Aged in Rum Barrels' 'These tequilas were aged in barrels that once held some of the most sought-after whiskies, each of which imparted its own unique flavor, creating one-of-a-kind tequilas.' 'Chef Casper states that he leaves the meat ageing for at least 30 days. The meat is in-cased in a thick coat of butter and has an appearance of a large yellow cocoon.' 'pure organic maple syrup is aged in barrels to absorb the flavor of bourbon' `NOTE: this type includes both transitive an intransitive senses, which can be distingished when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'aging' in WordNet: 2. ripening, aging, ageing - (acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time)`
Super-classes	ChemicalTransformationEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Aged^c
Sub-classes	Mellowing^c

Agitated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agitated`
Description	This ''Agitated'' is not a deep emotional disturbance, but is caused by an Event or Situation or Series of Events that makes one excited or agitated. `Corresponds approximately to a small part of adjective sense 1 of 'agitated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) agitated - (troubled emotionally and usually deeply; 'agitated parents')`
Super-classes	Aroused^c
Sub-classes	Frenzied^c Distraught^c

AgitatingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgitatingAnObject`
Description	''AgitatingAnObject is a 'ShakingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent uses some solid Device which could be as simple as a rod - to mix the components of a semisolid Object that is not rigid, so as to cause the components to becaome more homogeneous or to change its constituency - usually to become more fluid but in the subtype ''WhippingFood'', to aerate a semisolid stuff.. `The WN synonyms seem to include metaphorical senses but this is strictly for causing a physical mixing by stirring or whipping or blending action. The closest WN synset is verb sense 6 of 'agitate' in WordNet: 6. agitate, vex, disturb, commove, shake up, stir up, raise up - (change the arrangement or position of)`
Super-classes	ShakingSomething^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Mixing^c
Sub-classes	ScramblingFoodStuff^c

Agitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agitation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agitation' in WordNet: 1. (1) agitation - (a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c EmotionalState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Agitated^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Frenzy^c Dither^c Seething^c

Agnostic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agnostic

Description

''Agnostic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to an ''Agnostic'' or to 'agnosticism' (not yet represented).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'agnostic' in Wordnet:
        1. agnostic - (of or pertaining to an agnostic or agnosticism)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Agonizing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agonizing

Description

''Agonizing'' is an AttributeValue that can be applied to experiences (internal feelings or external events) that cause ''Agony'' or ''Anguish'' (intense physical or mental Distress).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'agonizing' in Wordnet:
          1. agonizing, agonising, excruciating, harrowing, torturing, 
               torturous, torturesome - (extremely painful)

Super-classes Painful^c

Agony^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agony

Description

''Agony'' is an intense ''StateOfSuffering'' that may be caused by physical or psychological pain.

       NOTE: 'agonize' in this sense is for physical pain; for strong mental
          pain use ''Anguish''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agony' in WordNet:
         1. (5) agony, torment, torture - 
            (intense feelings of suffering; acute mental or physical pain; 
               'an agony of doubt'; 'the torments of the damned')
       WN verb 'agonize' :
         2. agonize, agonise - (suffer agony or anguish)

Super-classes StateOfSuffering^c

Agreeable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agreeable`
Description	''Agreeable'' is the attribute of a Person who is disposed to agree to something proposed. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'agreeable' in Wordnet: 3. agreeable - (prepared to agree or consent; 'agreeable to the plan')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Amenable^c

Agreed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agreed`
Description	''Agreed'' is the attribute of an 'agreement', produced by a ''AgreeingEvent'', as well as of the agents who are in agreement. `Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'agreed' in Wordnet: 1. agreed, in agreement - (united by being of the same opinion; 'agreed in their distrust of authority')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Allied^c Resigned^c

Agreeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agreeing`
Description	Each 'Agreeing' is an AssertingEvent in which two or more Agents assert the same thing. The Asserting is often accompanied by a Believing (they agree that something is true), but they may merely agree to each do something separately. This is a very broad sense of 'agreeing', including simple agreeing on facts or opinions, or an agreeing to do certain things, which may be perfunctory or conditional and not obligatory. This type has at least two ''AssertingEvent''s,one for eachparty to the ''Agreeing'' For every ''Agreeing'' the ''Agreement'' produced should be specified or reified. An 'Agreeing' that creates an 'Agreement' is a subtype of this type, 'AgreeingEvent', and that type, if there is a contingency on one 'PartyToAnAgreement' doing something in return for another 'PartyToAnAgreement' doing something, may create a 'BindingAgreement' having associated Obligations. This corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'agree' and noun sense 6 of 'agreement' in WordNet: 1. (63) agree, hold, concur, concord - (be in accord; be in agreement; 'We agreed on the terms of the settlement'; 'I can't agree with you!'; 'I hold with those who say life is sacred'; 'Both philosophers concord on this point') WN Noun 'agreement': 6. agreement - (the verbal act of agreeing)
Super-classes	CooperationEvent^c AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Agreement^c hasSubEvent^op value Agreeing^c hasSubEvent^op value AssertingEvent^c
Sub-classes	AgreeingEvent^c

Agreeing-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agreeing-Feeling`
Description	'Agreeing-Feeling' may be purely internal, and never expressed, or may lead to verbalization of the agreeing, or to actions morivate by the agreeing. This feeling contrasts with 'Opposition-Feeling'. `Approximately represented by noun sense 3 of 'agreement' in Wordnet: 3. (6) agreement, accord - (harmony of people's opinions or actions or characters; 'the two parties were in agreement')`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	causes^op value AgreeingEvent^c

AgreeingAgents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgreeingAgents`
Description	Each instance of 'AgreeingAgents' is a Group of GenericAgents that created some Agreement. The individual members of that Group are related to the whole Group by the relation 'hasComponentElement'. `NOTE that a Group of AgreeingAgents that create an Agreement that has some enforceable character can be the 'Authority' for the Obligations arising from that Agreement. If the Agreement is legally binding, the State may also be an Authority that can enforce the Agreement.`
Super-classes	Role^c Authority^c Group^c GenericAgent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some PartyToAnAgreement^c
In domain of	participatedInAgreement^op
In range of	hadAgreeingAgents^op

AgreeingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgreeingEvent`
Description	Each AgreeingEvent is a Conversation between two parties that results in an Agreement, which is a mental object. This is the sense of 'agree' meaning to agree to perform (or refrain from) some actions. For the more specific sense of agreeing to perform some actions (which includes creating a contract), use 'MakingAnAgreement'. This differs from the more general 'Agreeing' in that this conversation actually creates the Agreement, the Agreement dis not exist prior to the conversation. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'agree' in WordNet: 2. (25) agree - (consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something; 'She agreed to all my conditions'; 'He agreed to leave her alone')`
Super-classes	Agreeing^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value InformationObject^c hasResult^op some Agreement^c
Sub-classes	TradeOff^c ConcedingSomething^c SettlingaDispute^c MakingAnAgreement^c Ratifying^c
In domain of	hadAgentInAgreement^op

Agreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agreement`
Description	A MentalObject created by two or more parties 'Agreeing' to something - agreeing to some facts or opinions, or to do something. This looks forward to specific perfomances of the agreeing parties, and is therefore considered a ''Specification'' that can be executed. An 'Agreement' that creates an Obligation to do something is represented by the subtype 'BindingAgreement'. An 'Agreement' which is an exchange of promises (actions contingent on each other) is a 'Deal'. If a 'Deal' is legally binding, it is a 'Contract'. Includes noun sense 1, 3, and 4 of 'agreement' and sense 1 of 'arrangement' and sense 1 of 'accord' in WordNet: 1. (9) agreement, understanding - (the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises; 'they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business'; 'there was an understanding between management and the workers') 3. (6) agreement, accord - (harmony of people's opinions or actions or characters; 'the two parties were in agreement')
Super-classes	Specification^c CollectiveGoal^c MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value AgreeingEvent^c isTheResultOf^op value AgreeingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Appointment^c Reservation^c Engagement^c Deal^c BindingAgreement^c ConspiracyAgreement^c TwoAgentAgreement^c Unison^c Consensus^c InsuranceAgreement^c
In domain of	hadAgreeingParty^op
In range of	wasaPartyToAgreement^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgreementToAdhereToConditions

AgreementClause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgreementClause`
Description	Each 'AgreementClause' is a Specification for something that is intended to be done as part of an Agreement. The specifications must be expressible linguistically, as an AbstractText, though they can have a logical equivalent.
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c Specification^c
Restrictions	containsSymbolicObject^op some AbstractText^c

AgreementType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgreementType`
Description	''AwardType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Agreement'
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	TopicType^c
Members	Engagement TrademarkRight Deal ConspiracyAgreement Agreement Stock-Financial TwoAgentAgreement Reservation Unison TradeableSecurity Treaty Compromise TwoAgentDeal MortgageAgreement CompanyPaidHealthInsurance Copyright HealthInsurance LoanAgreement Consensus InsuranceAgreement LegalAgreement Account Subscription ConvertibleSecurity BindingAgreement AuthorizedAgreement Appointment CollusionAgreement

Agricultural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agricultural

Description

''Agricultural'' is the attribute pertaining to an ''AgricultureOrHusbandry'' or to ''CommercialFarming'' or to people who perform those activities, or to associated matters.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'agricultural' in WordNet:
        1. (6) agricultural - (relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming;
          'agricultural engineering'; 'modern agricultural (or farming) methods'; 
          'agricultural (or farm) equipment'; 'an agricultural college')
        2. agrarian, agricultural, farming - (relating to rural matters; 
         'an agrarian (or agricultural) society'; 'farming communities')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AgricultureOrHusbandry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgricultureOrHusbandry`
Description	Includes raising plants and/or animals for human purposes (usually but not necessarily for sale), including gardening and raising ornamental plants indoors or outdoors. This includes breeding animals for sale, including pets, but does not include simply maintaining animals as pets. `Cyc: An activity consisting of a variety of more specific activities involving the husbandry of animals, the planting and harvesting of crops, etc. Corresponds approximately to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'agriculture' in WordNet, but may be somewhat broader: in WordNet: 1. (4) agribusiness, agriculture, factory farm - (a large-scale farming enterprise) 2. (1) farming, agriculture, husbandry - (the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock)`
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large-scale^c
Sub-classes	AnimalHusbandry^c GrowingPlants^c

Agriculturist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agriculturist`
Description	An ''Agriculturist'' is a ''Farmer'' mostly concerned with raising crops, rather than raising farm animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agriculturist' in WordNet: 1. agriculturist, agriculturalist, cultivator, grower, raiser - (someone concerned with the science or art or business of cultivating the soil)`
Super-classes	Farmer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some RaisingCrops^c

Agronomist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agronomist

Description

$Agronomist is the collection of scientists who

        specialize in #$Agronomy.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agronomist' in WordNet:
         1. agronomist - (an expert in soil management and field-crop production)

Super-classes Scientist^c

Ah-ha^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ah-ha

Description

A suddenly emitted phrase that sounds like and has the usual intended meaning of 'ah-ha', usually expressing a sudden realization of or insight about something. An 'ah-ha moment' occurs when one realizes something that has not previously been obvious.

    No sense in Wordnet.
    RHW 'aha': (used as an exclamation of triumph, mockery, contempt, irony,
      surprise, etc., according to the manner of utterance.)

Super-classes Exclamation^c

Ahead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ahead`
Description	''Ahead'' characterizes a ''PersistentState'' of an agent in which one agent is in a better position (a score or position) in a contest. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ahead' in WordNet: 1. (1) ahead, in the lead, leading - (having the leading position or higher score in a contest; 'he is ahead by a pawn'; 'the leading team in the pennant race')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OneUp^c

AheadInaCompetition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AheadInaCompetition

Description

'AheadInaCompetition' is an attribute of some agent who is in some kind of competition (very broadly defined), and is leading one or more other competitors. Being ahead is 'Good' from the perspective of the one who is ahead.

   This attribute has 'has' pointers to other facets of the maning of
   being ahead, so that the competition and other competitors as well
   as the exact relative Advantage can be specified.

   To assert that one competitor is ahead in a **race** judged by distance, one
      may use 'isAheadOf'; but this is only for leads in location ,
      not in scores or other types of advantage.
   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ahead' and adj sense 4
      of 'leading' in WordNet:
     1. (1) ahead, in the lead, leading - (having the leading position or higher
     score in a contest; 'he is ahead by a pawn'; 'the leading team in the pennant race')

Super-classes Good^c

Aid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aid`
Description	An ''Aid'' is a PhysicalObject or Substance or some AbstractObject (e.g. Money) that is needed or useful for some task, which may be provided by an act of ''HelpingAnAgent'', or may be obtined by an agent that can use it.. `For PhysicalObjects that are helpful, use ''Materials''. The WN 'aid' includes 'economic assistance' which is represented under the subtype ''EconomicAid'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'aid' in WordNet: 1. (10) aid, assistance, help - (a resource; 'visual aids in teaching'; 'economic assistance to depressed areas')`
Super-classes	Resource^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Action^c
Sub-classes	EconomicAssistance^c Materials^c

Aide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aide

Description

(aide sense 1 is military)

         'auxiliary' in WN does not have the sense of 'affiliated organization'
           as in 'ladies' auxiliary'. ?why?

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'aide' in WordNet:
           2. (1) aide, auxiliary - (someone who acts as assistant)

Super-classes Subordinate^c

Aide-Memoire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aide-Memoire`
Description	An ''Aide-Memoire'' is a ''Memorandum'' containing a summary of the content of an agreement. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aide-memoire' in WordNet: 1. aide-memoire, position paper - (a memorandum summarizing the items of an agreement (used especially in diplomatic communications))`
Super-classes	Memorandum^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value AgreementType^c

AidingAllies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AidingAllies`
Description	This attribute characterizes goals which involve aiding one's allies.
Super-classes	ForeignPolicyGoal^c

AilmentAffliction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AilmentAffliction`
Description	An ''AilmentAffliction'' is an ''AilmentCondition'' that causes great distress over a long period of time. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'affliction' in WordNet: 2. affliction - (a condition of suffering or distress due to ill health)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	causes^op value StateOfSuffering^c

AilmentCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AilmentCondition`
Description	A 'AilmentCondition' is any bodily malfunction (due to disease or accident) in which some deterioration of function in some part of the body occurs. For bodily malfuctions not due to injury use the subtype ''Disease''. For malfuncions due to injury, use ''InjuryCondition;; Such conditions are considered 'unpleasant' in COSMO even if they do not have immediately perceptible symptoms, because by reducing function they cause undesirable things to happen. `This condition can be related to the Animal suffering from it by one of the following relations: ''wasExperiencedBy'' ''wasPerformedByAgent'' ''hasSubjectOfState'' ''isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType''. The last can be used for Roles such as 'insomniac' or 'leper'. Inversely, the Animal having an Ailment can be related to it by: ''characteristicallyPerformsActivity'' or ''"performsAction'' Since an ''AilmentCcndition'' is represented as an ''Action'' in COSMO.` ' Similar to SUMO 'DiseaseOrSyndrome': A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies something that alters or interferes with a normal process, state or activity of an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or more of the host's systems, parts, or Organs. COSMO note: the terms ailment, illness, disease, and sickness are considered as logical synonyms in COSMO. This is the most general category for any kind of illness, from a minor ache to a fatal disease, for any organism. Although the usage of each synonymous term varies, it is difficult to distinguish any differences in meaning. In the Random House Webster, definition 1 of 'disease' states: Disease 1. a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment. NOTE: that breaks of bones or other trauma or injury is not included in this concept, nor is the anatomical abnormality resulting from injury, However, secondary physiological processes such as pain, inflammation, or other abnormality resulting from the injury is included here. NOTE: that this is a PersistentState, which is a type of Event that has a beginning and ending time. Although a PersistentState can be defined with an arbitrary beginning and ending time, the usual interpretation of the linguistic terms associated with illness will either refer to the whole event from onset to disappearance of the illness, or to the DiseaseProcess that produces the illness during that interval of time. This may not conform exactly to the Cyc interpretation, below. In COSMO, the DiseaseProcess that produces an AilmentCondition is different from though intimately related to the AilmentCondition. NOTE the restriction: Every Ailment has a corresponding ProcessType, being a PhysiologicalConditionType. NOTE also that an AilmentCondition is not the same as the symptoms of that condition. The symptoms are a separate but related logical category. NOTE also that not every abnormal physiological condition is an AilmentCondition. Arrhythmia, for example, may be clinically insignificant or innocuous. NOTE also that a single instance of a disease is confined to one organism, so a Disease 'isLocatedAt' only one particular organism. To specify that a group of organisms is suffering from a disease, or that an epidemic is occurring among some group of organisms use 'DiseaseGroup'. Cyc: The most general collection of ailment events; a subcollection of both #$PhysiologicalCondition and #$DysfunctionalCondition. An instance of #$AilmentCondition is a dynamic state of sickness, injury, or physiological impairment. The rationale for construing ailments in this way is the obvious fact that to have an ailment is to undergo an event: an individual ailment has temporal features, it progresses dynamically, and so on. It is not just a matter of being in some static state of unwellness . Subcollections of #$AilmentCondition include #$RespiratoryAilment, #$HeartCondition, #$Cancer, #$MotionSickness, #$Poisoning, #$Infection, and #$InjuryCondition. If a particular person has an infection, that event is an instance of #$AilmentCondition. An #$AilmentCondition does not begin before there is an actual, developed sickness or impairment, and thus does not include the event of getting sick or becoming impaired. Also note that each type of ailment, such as #$Infection, is the collection of all cases or instances of individuals suffering from that condition. See also #$DiseaseType. Corrresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illness' and sense 1 of 'ailment' and verb sense 1 of 'ail' in WordNet. The WordNet distinctions between these two are unclear and are ignored. in WordNet: 1. (8) illness, unwellness, malady, sickness - (impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism) 1. (7) ailment, complaint, ill - (an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining) WN verb 'ail': 1. ail - (be unwell, ill, or ill disposed) WN 'pathological state': 1. pathological state - (a condition that is not normal) WN 'ill heath': 1. (1) ill health, unhealthiness, health problem - (a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain) WN noun 'pathology': 2. pathology - (any deviation from a healthy or normal condition)
Super-classes	Action^c UnpleasantThing^c UnpleasantBodyEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c occursDuring^op value BoutOfIllness^c mayCause^op value Complication^c isCausedBy^op value Malfunctioning^c hasCorrespondingProcess^op only PhysiologicalConditionType^c
Sub-classes	RespiratoryAilment^c AbnormalBodyCondition^c BodyPartDysfunction^c Asphyxiation^c Colic^c AnimalDisease^c Fever^c Nausea^c Dehydration^c MetabolicDisorder^c GeneticDisorder^c Glaucoma^c PoisoningCondition^c Neuralgia^c Tonsillitis^c Bronchitis^c Hypoglycemia^c Cough-AilmentCondition^c Hypothyroidism^c Syndrome^c Sclerosis^c Cancer^c HealthEmergency^c GastrointestinalDisorder^c SoreThroat^c HumanIllness^c Vomiting-AilmentCondition^c Disability^c Stomachache^c BiteOrSting^c Hepatitis^c Cyst-Condition^c Inflammation^c AilmentAffliction^c InjuryCondition^c AllergicReaction^c Diarrhea^c GallStoneCondition^c Jaundice^c Scabies^c DiseaseGroup^c NeurologicalDisease^c Addiction^c

AilmentImmunity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AilmentImmunity`
Description	''AilmentImmunity'' is The PhysiologicalCondition of being ''Immune'' to some specific disease type (usually infectious). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'immunity' in WordNet: 2. immunity, resistance - ((medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c Immunity^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value AnimalDisease^c hadMainParticipant^op value Organism^c

AilmentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AilmentType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of AilmentCondition as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	PhysiologicalConditionType^c
Sub-classes	InfectionType^c
Members	BurningPain Asphyxiation Derangement Zoonosis Hepatitis Pneumonia CardiovascularDisease Hemophilia Nausea AIDS Blindness Deafness Inflammation SoreThroat PoisoningCondition FoodPoisoning Appendicitis AilmentCondition Cough-AilmentCondition SharpPain Anemia Bursitis Botulin Botulism InflammatoryDisease Sinusitis MentalTrauma AnimalDisease Fever Complication Asbestosis Diarrhea Ache Leukemia Dyslexia Neurosis Sciatica NonHumanAnimalDisease Disability Diverticulitis BiteOrSting Neuralgia ChronicPain InabilityToWork Silicosis VisualImpairment Tonsillitis Disease Bronchitis Arthritis PigeonToes Asthma Cancer BloodDisease AllergicReaction MentalIllness PainOrAche WalkingImpairment Scabies HumanIllness Sting Tularemia Insanity Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition Vomiting-AilmentCondition

AimingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AimingAction`
Description	The Action in which some 'IntentionalAgent' aims some PropellingDevice, photographic equipment, light source (e.g. flashlight) or other Object at a different PhysicalObject or in some direction. NOTE: this is more general than the subtype ''Targeting'', in which the Object aimed at is specifically known ahead of the action. In an ''AimingAction'' the Device may be pointed in some general direction, as when a flashlight is pointed somewhere to see what is located there. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'aim' in WordNet: 1. (8) aim, take, train, take aim, direct - (aim or direct at; as of blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment; 'Please don't aim at your little brother!'; 'He trained his gun on the burglar'; 'Don't train your camera on the women'; 'Take a swipe at one's opponent')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Targeting^c TargetingaWeapon^c

Air^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Air`
Description	A specialization of #$GaseousTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Air is one 'piece' among all the portions of the atmosphere of the Earth, considered as a substance present in various places, in various quantities, under various pressures, etc. Examples: the AirInAustin; the stuffy air in my office; the thin air atop Annapurna. See also #$TheAtmosphereQuaSinglePieceOfStuff, which is all ambient #$Air on the planet taken as a single object. `SUMO: Air is the gaseous stuff that makes up the atmosphere surrounding Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'air' in WordNet: 1. (735) air - (a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of; 'air pollution'; 'a smell of chemicals in the air'; 'open a window and let in some air'; 'I need some fresh air')`
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c Mixture^c Gas^c
Sub-classes	HotAir^c ContainedAir^c

AirBreathingVertebrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirBreathingVertebrate`
Description	COSMO note: the lung cardinality values are for typical air-breathing vertebrates. `CYC: #$AirBreathingVertebrate is a specialization of #$Vertebrate and an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType. Each instance of #$AirBreathingVertebrate is a vertebrate that usually respires by breathing #$Air during adult life. Includes individual #$Mammals, #$Birds, #$Reptiles, and most #$Amphibians. Most #$AirBreathingVertebrates are #$TerrestrialOrganisms, but some #$AquaticOrganisms breathe air (#$Whales, etc.). All #$AirBreathingVertebrates have #$Lungs and #$RespiratoryTracts.`
Super-classes	Vertebrate^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op max 2 characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value AirRespiration^c
Sub-classes	Mammal^c HerdAnimal^c Reptile^c Bird^c

AirConveyance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirConveyance`
Description	An AirConveyance is any artifact designed to convey objects through the air, including blimps and heavier-than-air craft.
Super-classes	SupportingConveyance^c

AirCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirCurrent`
Description	A FunctionalProcess during which Air flows in a stream-like formation. This can be a current in the atmosphere, like a 'jet stream' or the air blown by a fan, or the air stream in a aerodynamics test facility. `Includes but is not restricted to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'air stream' in Wordnet: 1. airstream - (a relatively well-defined prevailing wind) 2. slipstream, airstream, race, backwash, wash - (the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller)`
Super-classes	FluidCurrent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value AirObject^c

AirForce^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirForce

Description

The type that includes the air forces of individual countries. Each Country's air force is an instance of this type.

      Cyc: A subcollection of #$BranchOfMilitaryService.
        Each instance of #$AirForce is a modern military
        organization composed mainly of airborne forces (such as
        bombers, fighters, torpedo planes, parachute troops,
        surveillance aircraft, etc.) and which has the function of
        defending or attacking air space, ships, or ground targets.

        SUMO: AirForce is the subclass of MilitaryService 
         that comprises military air forces.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'air force' in WordNet: 
          1. (2) air force, airforce - (the airborne branch of a country's armed forces)

Super-classes BranchOfMilitaryService^c

AirHeatingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirHeatingDevice`
Description	CYC: The collection of devices used to heat the air in humanly-occupied constructs. Different from ovens and hair dryers, whose primary functions are NOT to heat the air, but to heat something else.
Super-classes	HeatingDevice^c
Restrictions	heats^op value Air^c
Sub-classes	Radiator^c SpaceHeater^c ElectricalHeater^c Fireplace^c

AirObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirObject`
Description	Any PhysicalObject consisting mostly of ''Air'', i.e. some quantity of ''Air''.
Super-classes	GaseousObject^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Air^c
Sub-classes	AirPathThroughSolid^c AmbientAirObject^c

AirPathThroughSolid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirPathThroughSolid`
Description	CYC: A collection of paths; a subset of #$PathThroughSolid. Each element of #$AirPathThroughSolid is a region of open space extending from at least one portal on the surface of a solid, into the interior. The portal may be open to surrounding air (as with a highway tunnel), or it may be covered. Some elements of #$AirPathThroughSolid go 'all the way through' the solid; such paths have at least two portals. See also #$Portal, #$Cavity, #$PieceOfFreeSpace.
Super-classes	AirObject^c PathThroughSolid^c
Sub-classes	Cave^c

AirPollution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirPollution`
Description	''AirPollution'' is a state of the atmosphere that is unpleasant or harmful in some way,caused by the presence of pollutants. `There is an open question as to whether excess carbon dioxide should be considered as ''AirPollution''. IN any case ''AirPollutin'' does not have to decrease visibility. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'air pollution' in WordNet: 1. (1) air pollution - (pollution of the atmosphere; 'air pollution reduced the visibility')`
Super-classes	ImmediateWeatherProcess^c Pollution^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value LocalOutdoorAirObject^c hasSubjectOfState^op value Air^c
Sub-classes	Smogginess^c

AirPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirPower`
Description	''AirPower'' is a term used for the ''Group'' consisting of all of the aircraft owned and used by the military (not just the Air Force. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'air power' in WordNet: 1. aviation, air power - (the aggregation of a country's military aircraft)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MilitaryAircraft^c

AirRespiration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirRespiration`
Description	This is for one complete cycle of ''Inhaling'' and ''Exhaling'' Air into and out of the lungs in an air-breathing vertebrate. This is a subEvent of the ''PersistsentState'' of ''Breathing''. CYC: A collection of activities constituting a natural #$PhysiologicalFunction; #$AirRespiration is the collection of all #$Respiration events in which an organism trades some of the carbon dioxide in its tissues for oxygen from the atmosphere. This needs distinction from the parent 'Respiration'. uses lungs??? Includes noun sense 2 of 'Respiration' and verb sense 3 of 'respire' in Wordnet: 2. respiration - (a single complete act of breathing in and out; 'thirty respirations per minute') WN verb 'respire': 3. breathe, take a breath, respire, suspire - (draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs; 'I can breathe better when the air is clean'; 'The patient is respiring')
Super-classes	PhysiologicalFunction^c Respiration^c
Restrictions	requiredBodypart^op value Lung^c isPerformedBy^op value AirBreathingVertebrate^c hasSubEvent^op value Inhaling^c hasSubEvent^op value Exhaling^c

AirTemperature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirTemperature`
Description	An ''AirTemperaure'' is a ''TemperatureMeasure'' of the atmosphere at some particular point on the EarthsSurface at some particular time.
Super-classes	TemperatureMeasure^c
Sub-classes	AverageAirTemperature^c

AirTemperatureGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirTemperatureGroup`
Description	An ''AttributeGroup'' consisting exclusively of ''AirTemperature'' measures. Used to express average ''AirTemperature''s as one element of ''Climate''. or ''AttributeType''s.
Super-classes	AttributeGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only AirTemperature^c

AirTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirTransportationDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$AirTransportationDevice is a device used for transporting either people or cargo through the air. Specializations of #$AirTransportationDevice include the collections #$Airplane, #$Helicopter, #$HotAirBalloon, and #$GroundToOrbitVehicle.
Super-classes	TransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Parachute^c Blimp^c LighterThanAirCraft^c Aircraft^c Rocket^c

AirTransportationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirTransportationEvent`
Description	An instance of #$TransportationTypeByMedium. Each instance of #$LandTransportationEvent is a #$TransportationEvent which occurs primarily in a #$PieceOfSky.
Super-classes	TransportationEvent^c
Sub-classes	FlyingWithWings^c FlightViaAirTransportationDevice^c

Airborne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airborne`
Description	The attribute of something that is in the air (whether outside or inside a structure). This can be something floating, rising, or drifting, or mixed in with air (airborne pollutants). The CYC case includes a parachutist slowly falling, so this is not necessarily pertaining to something stably aloft. Gliding and parasailing are also borderline cases, as they are partly supported by the air, even if they need a tow or a current to keep from falling.. CYC: The collection of instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized that are airborne. An airborne object is immersed in the air and is not supported by the ground. If it is supported by anything, that thing is #$Airborne and it is not 'inside' (contained in?) whatever is supporting it. Thus airplanes flying, soap bubbles floating, or people jumping in midair are classic positive exemplars of #$Airborne things. Slightly more questionable positive exemplars include people suspended by parachutes, or the jet engines hanging off an #$Airborne 747, or the clothes of a sky diver. Negative exemplars include the people inside such an aircraft, chewing gum inside a skydiver's mouth because they are contained in something airborne. A person hanging from a bungee jumping chord is not airborne because the bungee chord is inevitably supported by 'the ground'. However, while floating downward on a slack bungee tether, said jumper would be considered #$Airborne since he is not supported by anything, but rather in free fall. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'airborne' in WordNet: 1. (7) airborne - (moved or conveyed by or through air)
Super-classes	LocationAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Flying^c Aloft^c

Airbrush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airbrush`
Description	An ''Airbrush'' is an ''Atomizer'' used to apply paint or ink to a surface either for speed or to achieve some visual effect not easy to accomplish with a traditional 'brush'. This is for applying to small areas; for applying paint to a house, or other large surface see ''SprayGun''. " SprayingWater " usedSubstance LiquidSubstance `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airbrush' in WordNet: 1. airbrush - (an atomizer to spray paint by means of compressed air)`
Super-classes	Atomizer^c Device^c Applicator^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Paint^c isUsedInAction^op value ApplyingPaint^c createsObject^op value Mist^c

Airbrushing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airbrushing`
Description	''Airbrushing'' is an 'ApplyingPaint' action that uses an 'Airbrush'' to spray paint on an object. `NOTE: spraying paint from a can of 'spray paint' is not included in this. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'airbrush' in WordNet: 1. airbrush - (paint with an airbrush; 'The old car looks like new now that we airbrushed it')`
Super-classes	ApplyingPaint^c Spraying^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Airbrush^c

Aircraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aircraft`
Description	A self-powered heavier-than-air air transportation device. Blimps and dirigibles are not included; for lighter-than-air devices use 'LighterThanAirCraft'. Also, following Cyc, gliders are not included in this type. In cyc called 'AirTransportationVehicle'. Cyc: A specialization of #$AirTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$AirTransportationVehicle is a device which is both self-powered and controlled in some fashion by a user, and is used for transportation through air. Specializations of #$AirTransportationVehicle include the collections #$Airplane and #$Ultralight, but not collections of non-#$SelfPoweredDevices such as #$Glider. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'aircraft' (excluding lighter-than-air vehicles - use 'LighterThanAirCraft') in WordNet: 1. (15) aircraft - (a vehicle that can fly)
Super-classes	TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c AirTransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	UnmannedAircraft^c FixedWingAircraft^c Warplane^c RotaryWingAircraft^c Drone^c MilitaryAircraft^c

AircraftCarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AircraftCarrier`
Description	An ''AircraftCarrier'' transports ''WarPlane''s and has a ''FlightDecck'' from which the planes can take off and land, thereby allowing attack on targets within several hundred miles of any ocean coast. A principle means of prjecting military power over large parts of the Earth. Can be sunk, like any other ship: " Scratch one flattop! " (WWII) `Includes all noun senses of 'carrier' in WordNet: 3. (3) aircraft carrier, carrier, flattop, attack aircraft carrier - (a large warship that carries planes and has a long flat deck for takeoffs and landings)`
Super-classes	Carrier^c ModernNavalShip^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value FlightDeck^c isDesignedToTransport^op value Warplane^c

AircraftCrewMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AircraftCrewMember`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who work aboard an aircraft in flight and assist either in flying it or in the service or task it performs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crew member' and sense 2 of 'crewman' in WordNet: 1. (2) crewman, crew member - (a member of a flight crew)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c
Sub-classes	AirplanePilot^c

AircraftEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AircraftEngine`
Description	CYC: the collection of all #$Engines designed for use in #$Airplanes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aircraft engine' in WordNet: 1. aircraft engine - (the engine that powers and aircraft)`
Super-classes	InternalCombustionEngine^c
Sub-classes	JetEngine^c

AircraftLanding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AircraftLanding`
Description	An ''AircraftLanding'' is the final descent of some kind of Aircraft arriving and alighting on the ground at the end of a flight. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'landing' in WordNet: 3. landing - (the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); 'the plane made a smooth landing'; 'his landing on his feet was catlike')`
Super-classes	Descending^c ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Aircraft^c

AircraftTakeoff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AircraftTakeoff`
Description	An ''AircraftTakeoff'' is the initial ascent of some kind of Aircraft leaving the ground to start a flight. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'takeoff' in WordNet: 2. takeoff - (the initial ascent of an airplane as it becomes airborne)`
Super-classes	AscendingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Aircraft^c
Sub-classes	HelicopterTakeoff^c

Airfield^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airfield

Description

An airplane landing strip with no facilities for the commercial handling of cargo or passengers.

  NOTe that the subtype relation of ''Airfeld'' and  ''Airport-Physical'' are inverted in
  OpenCyC and in Wordnet. COSMO has adopted the OpenCYC formalism.  The unambiguous
  bare bones landing strip is represented as ''Airstrip''.


      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airfield' in WordNet:
        1. airfield, landing field, flying field, flying field, field - 
            (a place where planes take off and land)

Super-classes Airport-Physical^c

Airline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airline`
Description	A ''Airline'' is a commercial 'CommonCarrier', a ''CommercialServiceOrganization'' that owns and operates at least one ''Airplane'' and provides transportation service for people or carrying freight, in return for payment. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'airline' in WordNet: 2. airline, airline business, airway - (a commercial enterprise that provides scheduled flights for passengers)`
Super-classes	CommercialServiceOrganization^c CommonCarrier^c
Restrictions	owns^op some Airplane^c hasEmployee^op value AirplanePilot^c

Airliner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airliner`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airliner' in WordNet: 1. airliner - (a commercial airplane that carries passengers)`
Super-classes	Airplane^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Commercial^c isDesignedToTransport^op value Passenger^c isOwnedBy^op value CommercialServiceOrganization^c

Airlock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airlock`
Description	An ''Airlock'' is a ''Chamber'' designed to allow people or objects to pass from one place with an atmosphere at a certain pressure or having some degrees of control (as in an isolation chamber, where air is filtered to remove air-borne pathogens), to another atmosperic environment, which could be but doesn't have to be thenormal '''EarthsAtmosphere''. Neither of those distinguishable environments need be normal atmospheric air, as in a spacecraft where an ''Airlock'' can seprate the vacuum of space from the controlled interior atmosphere of the spacecraft. `Corresponds approximtely to noun sense 1 of 'airlock' in WordNet: 1. airlock, air lock - (a chamber that provides access to space where air is under pressure)`
Super-classes	Chamber^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value HeatingSomething^c

Airplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airplane`
Description	A subcollection of #$FixedWingAircraft, each instance of which is a heavier-than-air, self-powered flying machine (other than a cruise missile) that gets its lift while flying from #$AirplaneWings. #$Helicopters are thus excluded because their lift is created by rotors. A near-borderline (positive) case is a plane that takes-off vertically using a turbojet engine, since its initial lift is not due to its wings. In flight, however, such a plane needs its wings to stay aloft. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airplane' and sense 1 of 'plane' in WordNet: 1. (21) airplane, aeroplane, plane - (an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets; 'the flight was delayed due to trouble with the airplane')`
Super-classes	FixedWingAircraft^c FuelPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	usesEnergySource^op value AircraftEngine^c isPropelledBy^op value AircraftEngine^c hasComponentPart^op value AircraftEngine^c
Sub-classes	Monoplane^c Airliner^c JetAirplane^c FlyingAirplane^c Biplane^c

AirplaneJoystick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirplaneJoystick`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'joystick' in WordNet: 1. stick, control stick, joystick - (a lever used by a pilot to control the ailerons and elevators of an airplane)`
Super-classes	SteeringDevice^c ControlLever^c
Restrictions	controlsManually^op some (TransportationDeviceType^c or Airplane^c) isOperatedByAction^op value MovingWithTheHand^c steers^op value Airplane^c

AirplanePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirplanePart`
Description	A specialization of VehiclePart. Each instance of 'AirplanePart' is a physical object designed to be a proper part of an instance of 'Airplane'.
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c VehiclePart^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Airplane^c
Sub-classes	AirplaneWing^c WingOfaBuilding^c

AirplanePilot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirplanePilot`
Description	Person who has been trained to fly certain kinds of aircraft, and does so regularly on a professional basis. Strictly speaking, a collection of temporal subabstractions of people, where the time interval involved in each case is the duration of professional service. `This type also serves as the Role played by the person actually piloting an airplane at a particular time, whether or not s/he has a license or is a professional pilot. This usage must be considered as an extension, as it would conflict the 'transportation professional' parent class. @ToDo: The 'professional' pilot should be a subclass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pilot' in WordNet: 1. (6) pilot, airplane pilot - (someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight)`
Super-classes	Driver^c AircraftCrewMember^c Driver-TransportationProfessional^c
Restrictions	controls^op value Airplane^c

AirplaneWing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AirplaneWing`
Description	Each 'AirplaneWing' is the airfoil that provides lift for a 'FixedWingAircraft' (which includes VSTOL aircraft with wings that can move), and does not move to provide lift, as do the blades of a helicopter. `Need to specify that it is planar - but not exactly?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wing' in WordNet: 2. (6) wing - (one of the horizontal airfoils on either side of the fuselage of an airplane)`
Super-classes	AirplanePart^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value FixedWingAircraft^c

Airport-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airport-Physical`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$FixedStructure and #$TransportFacility. Each instance of #$Airport-Physical is a facility which includes at least one runway where airplanes can take off and land. Instances of #$Airport-Physical may also have terminals and an air control tower, in addition to having a runway. See also the related collection #$AirportOrganization. The WordNet sense indicates that an 'airport' needs a control tower and terminals; without one, a landing strip is not an airpost. `SUMO difference: Airport in SUMO is a LandTransitway. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'airport' in WordNet (including 'Airfield' as a subtype that may have minimal or no facilities other than a landing strip): in WordNet: 1. (4) airport, airdrome, aerodrome, drome - (an airfield equipped with control tower and hangers as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo)`
Super-classes	TransportFacility^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value AircraftLanding^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value AircraftTakeoff^c
Sub-classes	Airfield^c Airstrip^c Heliport^c

Airstrip^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airstrip

Description

A bare-bones landing strip with no significant supporting structures for the planes; it is often just a smoothed dirt path.

     NOTE that the subtype relation of ''Airfeld'' and  ''Airport-Physical'' are inverted in
     OpenCyC and in Wordnet. COSMO has adopted the OpenCYC formalism.  The unambiguous
     bare bones landing strip is represented as ''Airstrip''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airstrip' in WordNet:
        1. airstrip, flight strip, landing strip, strip -
           (an airfield without normal airport facilities)

Super-classes Airport-Physical^c

Airtight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airtight

Description

''Airtight'' is a subattribute of ''Leakproof''specifying that the PhysicalObject characterized was sealed in a manner that prevents ''Air'' (or any other gas) from entering or exiting.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'airtight' in Wordnet:
        2. airtight, air-tight, gas-tight - (not allowing air or gas to pass in or out)

Super-classes Leakproof^c

Airwaves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airwaves`
Description	''Airwaves'' is a vaguely defined 'Medium' through which a ''RadioWaveTransmission'' can or does travel. The parent term 'medium' is used metaphorically for an abstract notion of some space-filling substance that performs some function, but for this type that concept would correspond to physical space itself. The term actually is an oblique way to refer to ''Broadcasting'', radio or Television. `Thus 'on the air' means 'being broadcast now'. 'over the air' is 'by means of a radio signal' 'over the airwaves' is 'by means of a Broadcast' Precise logical representation would include various usages. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airwave' in WordNet: 1. air, airwave - (medium for radio and television broadcasting; 'the program was on the air from 9 til midnight'; 'the president used the airwaves to take his message to the people')`
Super-classes	Medium^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Broadcasting^c isUsedInAction^op value RadioWaveTransmission^c

Airy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Airy`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'airy' in Wordnet: 1. (4) aired, airy - (open to or abounding in fresh air; 'airy rooms')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Aisle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aisle`
Description	An ''Aisle'' is a ''Passageway'' inside a ''Room''. `'gangway' would be a subtype. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 3 of 'aisle' in WordNet: 2. (2) aisle, gangway - (passageway between seating areas as in an auditorium or passenger vehicle or between areas of shelves of goods as in stores) 3. aisle - (part of a church divided laterally from the nave proper by rows of pillars or columns)`
Super-classes	Passageway^c SpaceInAHOC^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyAbove^op value Floor^c isLocatedAt^op value Room^c

Ajar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ajar

Description

Ajar is used only of doors. This can be used for any degree of 'openness' that is not 'wide open'; not fully open.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ajar' in Wordnet:
          1. ajar - (slightly open; 'the door was ajar')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Akin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Akin

Description

     NOTE: terms 'akin' and 'related' are usually use with 'to' or 'with' to form the
        full adjective.  The term 'kindred' has another sense pertaing to human familial
        relations, included as a label for the  attribute ''RelatedAsKin''.

      This type includes two senses of 'kindred' from RHW.  Sense 6, which is used
         without the insertion of a 'to' could probably be represented separately,  
         having a subtle difference of meaning.  @ToDo.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'akin' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) akin, kindred, related -
           (similar or related in quality or character; 'a feeling akin to terror';
           'kindred souls'; 'the amateur is closely related to the collector')

Super-classes Similar^c

Alabaster^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alabaster

Description

     Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'alabaster' in WordNet
               (these should be differentiated):
     in WordNet:
        1. (2) alabaster - (a compact fine-textured, usually white gypsum used for carving)
        2. alabaster, oriental alabaster, onyx marble, Mexican onyx - 
            (a hard compact kind of calcite)

Super-classes Mineral^c

AlabasterColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlabasterColor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'alabaster' in WordNet: 3. alabaster - (a very light white)`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	YellowishGray-Color^c

AlarmClock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlarmClock`
Description	Each 'AlarmClock' is a Clock (mechanical or electronic) whose design purpose is to measure and display the 'TimeOfDay', and has a means to specify ('set') a particular 'TimeOfDay' when some audible signal will sound; the signal may be the sounds coming from a radio (i.e the radio may come on), as in an alarm radio; or, it may merely set off a buzzing or beeping signal,or a ringing sound. `NOTE that an 'AlarmClock' must have as its main function not only telling time but being able to be set for a particular time. Other timepieces, such as wristwatches or kitchen timers, that also have an alarm function are not instances of 'AlarmClock' - this type is to be used in its usual sense, as a clock that can be kept on a bedside table to wake one from sleep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alarm clock' in WordNet: 1. alarm clock, alarm - (a clock that wakes sleeper at present time)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Clock^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value WakingUpAnAnimal^c

AlarmDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlarmDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of objects; a specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Every instance of #$AlarmDevice triggers an #$AlarmSignal. It may do this automatically when it detects certain physical phenomena, or it may be manually activated. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'alarm' in WordNet: 2. (3) alarm, warning device, alarm system - (a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable event)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c IndicatorDevice^c SecurityDevice^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	emits^op value AlarmSignal^c
Sub-classes	SecurityAlarm^c FireAlarm^c

AlarmSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlarmSignal`
Description	An ''AlarmSignal'' is a ''Signal'' that may be audible or visible (e.g.flashing lights),signalling some urgent Situation requiring rapid response. This type of Signal can be initiated automatically by monoitoring equipment, or manually by a Person taking some action (but more than just yelling 'Fire!' or likewise). `CYC: A signal intended to convey some kind of warning message (to people or to devices that understand its content). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'alarm' in WordNet: 3. alarm, alert, warning signal, alarum - (an automatic signal (usually a sound) warning of danger)`
Super-classes	Signal^c
Restrictions	signifies^op some (Emergency^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	AlarmSound^c FireAlarmSignal^c

AlarmSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlarmSound`
Description	An ''AlarmSound'' is an ''AlarmSignal'' that is an audible sound, usually loud. This can be indoors or outdoors. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'alarm' in WordNet: 3. alarm, alert, warning signal, alarum - (an automatic signal (usually a sound) warning of danger)`
Super-classes	AlarmSignal^c AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	signifies^op some (Emergency^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	SirenSound^c

Alarmed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alarmed

Description

''Alarmed'' is an AttributeValue of people who have experienced as ''AlarmingaPerson'' Event..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alarmed' in Wordnet:
         1. alarmed - (experiencing a sudden sense of danger)

Super-classes Untidy^c

AlarmingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlarmingaPerson`
Description	An ''AlarmingaPerson'' is a 'FrighteningEvent' that causes ''Horror'' in some Agent(s). `NOTE: the WN sense of 'horrify' here is a very mild degree,more like causing dislike or aversion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'horrify' in WordNet: 1. dismay, alarm, appal, appall, horrify - (fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised; "I was horrified at the thought of being late for my interview"; "The news of the executions horrified us")`
Super-classes	FrighteningEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Alarmed^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Frightening^c causes^op value Consternation^c

Alaskan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alaskan`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Alaskan' in WordNet: 1. Alaskan - (relating to or characteristic of the state or people of Alaska)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

AlaskanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlaskanPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Alaskan' in WordNet: 1. Alaskan - (a native or resident of Alaska)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfAlaska^c

Albanian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Albanian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Albanian' in WordNet: 1. Albanian - (of or relating to Albania or its people or language or culture)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

AlbanianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlbanianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Albanian' in WordNet: 1. Albanian - (a native or inhabitant of Albania)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Albania^c

Album^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Album

Description

The WN gloss indicates that there are 'blank' pages, but all of the pages in an album may have been filled and it is still an album. It had blank pages when new.

        'photo album' and 'stamp album' are common subtypes.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'album' in WordNet:
          2. (1) album - (a book of blank pages with pockets or envelopes; 
            for organizing photographs or stamp collections etc)

Super-classes Book-Physical^c

Albumen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Albumen

Description

       Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'albumen' in Wordnet, and interpreting 
          sense 2 (ovalbumen) as a substance:
        in WordNet:
          1. (9) albumin, albumen - (a simple water-soluble 
            protein found in many animal tissues and liquids)

Super-classes Protein^c

Albuminoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Albuminoid`
Description	An ''Albuminoid'' is a simple ''Protein''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'albuminoid' in WordNet: 1. scleroprotein, albuminoid - (a simple protein found in horny and cartilaginous tissues and in the lens of the eye)`
Super-classes	Protein^c
Sub-classes	Keratin^c

Alcohol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcohol`
Description	Alcohol is the chemical term for an OrganicCompound that contains a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that has no double bonds on that carbon atom (this excludes organic acids and aldehydes in metameric form). `NOTE: for the common 'alcohol' of alcoholic beverages, use 'EthylAlcohol', also called 'grain alcohol' and 'ethanol'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'alcohol' in WordNet (this type includes all alcohols in the chemical sense, organic compounds with an hydroxyl group): in Wordnet: 2. (2) alcohol - (any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Restrictions	hasChemicalGroup^op value HydroxylGroup^c
Sub-classes	EthylAlcohol^c Carbohydrate^c Butanol^c Glycerol^c

Alcohol500mgPerMl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcohol500mgPerMl`
Description	''Alcohol500mgPerMl'' is a 'AlcoholicBeverage'' in which the ethanol is specified as 0.5 Grams per ml rather than volume per cent.. `Any subtype of this substance will have the same density of alcohol content regardless of other components. Corresponds approximately (weight rather than volume) to noun sense 1 of 'proof spirit' in WordNet: 1. proof spirit - (a mixture containing half alcohol by volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit)`
Super-classes	AlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethanol0.5gPerCC^c

AlcoholContent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlcoholContent`
Description	'AlcoholContent'' is a 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' used for characterizing ''AlcoholicBeverages'' according to the content of ''EthylAlcohol''.
Super-classes	VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	FortifiedWithAlcohol^c

AlcoholDrinker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlcoholDrinker`
Description	An ''AlcoholDrinker'' is a ''Drinker'' who is drinking or habitually drinks some type of beverage, including plain water. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drinker' in WordNet: 2. drinker, imbiber, toper, juicer - (a person who drinks alcoholic beverages (especially to excess))`
Super-classes	Drinker^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value AlcoholicBeverage^c

Alcoholic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcoholic`
Description	An ''Alcoholic'' is an ''Addict'' who is addicted to ''EthylAlcohol''. i.e. is performing the state of ''Alcoholism''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alcoholic' in WordNet: 1. alcoholic, alky, dipsomaniac, boozer, lush, soaker, souse - (a person who drinks alcohol to excess habitually)`
Super-classes	Addict^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage^c performsAction^op value Alcoholism^c

AlcoholicBeverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlcoholicBeverage`
Description	Any Beverage containing at least three and one-half of one percent of ethanol by volume, making it able to cause ''Inebriation'' if taken in sufficient quantity, which varies with the concentration of ethanol and the tolerance of the Person ingesting it. NOTE that we do not require an 'AlcoholicBeverage' to be prepared by fermentation, though most examples are - synthetic ethanol can be used to prepare an 'AlcoholicBeverage'. NOTE2. This definition is differs from the concentration criterion (0.5%) used in California, and therefore does not include dilute solutions of ethanol as instances, as would be suggested by the SUMO definition. Those can be covered by the parent type ''AlcoholicThing''. Some 'Non-alcoholic' beers contain 0.5% alcohol, and are not included in this type. The California statute reads: 'Alcoholic beverage' includes alcohol, spirits, liquor, wine, beer, and every liquid or solid containing alcohol, spirits, wine, or beer, and which contains one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and which is fit for beverage purposes either alone or when diluted, mixed, or combined with other substances.' SUMO: Any Beverage that contains Alcohol. NOTE: the owl:Restrictions on a substance are superfluous, as there are no existing instances of substances in COSMO. But it is harmless, and by being inherited can provide a reminder that the type-level assertion should be added to all subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alcoholic beverage ' in WordNet: 1. (1) alcohol, alcoholic beverage, intoxicant, inebriant - (a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent; 'alcohol (or drink) ruined him')
Super-classes	AlcoholicThing^c Beverage^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value EthylAlcohol^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intoxicating^c
Sub-classes	MixedDrink^c WineCooler^c Wine^c Liqueur^c Beer^c Alcohol500mgPerMl^c Cider^c Liquor^c

AlcoholicThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlcoholicThing`
Description	An ''AlcoholicThing'' is an Object or Substance that has some significant content of ''EthylAlcohol'' contributing to its salient character. he actual content in beverages can be rather small, only enough to have some significant physiological effect (especially on the nervous system)' this will be in most cases at least 3% by volume,but in California an AlcoholicBeverage need only have at least 0.5%. `NOTE: the term 'alcoholic' itself is not represented as an attribute; things that are 'alcoholic' will be represented as subtypes of this type (similar to CYC usage).`
Super-classes	ThingContainingSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value EthylAlcohol^c
Sub-classes	AlcoholicBeverage^c ProofAlcohol^c

Alcoholism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcoholism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alcoholism' in WordNet: 1. alcoholism, alcohol addiction, inebriation, drunkenness - (habitual intoxication; prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol such that abrupt deprivation leads to severe withdrawal symptoms)`
Super-classes	Addiction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Alcoholic^c hasSubEvent^op value DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage^c

Alcove^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcove`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alcove' in WordNet: 1. alcove, bay - (a small recess opening off a larger room)`
Super-classes	ArchitecturalNiche^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Aldehyde^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aldehyde`
Description	An ''Aldehyde'' is an OrganicCompound that contains an ''AldehydeGroup' in it. The simplest is ''Formaldehyde''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aldehyde' in WordNet: 1. aldehyde - (any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds; used in making resins and dyes and organic acids)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Restrictions	hasChemicalGroup^op value AldehydeGroup^c
Sub-classes	Formaldehyde^c

AldehydeGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AldehydeGroup`
Description	An ''AldehydeGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing one atom each of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, with the Oxygent doubly bonded to the Carbon, which can connect to other parts of a molecule, having a valence of 1. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aldehyde group' in WordNet: 1. aldehyde group, aldehyde radical - (the chemical group -CHO)`
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHydrogenAtom^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOxygenAtom^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCarbonAtom^c

Ale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ale

Description

''Ale'' is a ''Beer'' that typically has a higher ' alcohol content than the basic ''Beer''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ale' in WordNet:
         1. ale - (a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast;
            in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more 
            than 4% alcohol by volume)

Super-classes Beer^c

Alert^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alert`
Description	Being awake and aware of one's surroundings, ready to respond to events in the surroundings `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alert' andpart of sense1 of 'aware' (of one's surroundings) in WordNet: 1. (7) alert - (very attentive or observant; 'an alert and responsive baby is a joy'; 'caught by a couple of alert cops'; 'alert enough to spot the opportunity when it came'; 'constantly alert and vigilant, like a sentinel on duty') WN adj 'wide awake': 1. unsleeping, wide-awake - (fully awake; 'the unsleeping city'; 'so excited she was wide-awake all night')`
Super-classes	Cognizant^c Awake^c
Sub-classes	Vigilant^c

Alertness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alertness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'alertness' in WordNet: 2. alertness, alerting - (a state of readiness to respond; 'alerting was indicated by the desynchronization of the EEG')`
Super-classes	Awareness^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Alert^c
Sub-classes	Vigilance^c

Alga^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alga`
Description	An Alga is a chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll, but does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alga' in WordNet: 1. alga, algae - (primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves)`
Super-classes	NonFloweringPlant^c SingleCellOrganism^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value VascularTissue^c
Sub-classes	Diatom^c Seaweed^c

Algebra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Algebra`
Description	''Algebra'' is a simple branch of ''Mathematics'' concerning itself with calculations using variable quantities in equations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'algebra' in WordNet: 1. algebra - (the mathematics of generalized arithmetical operations)`
Super-classes	Methodology^c FieldOfStudy^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value DoingAddition^c isaBranchOf^op value Mathematics^c

AlgebraEquation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlgebraEquation`
Description	An ''AlgebraEquation'' is an Equation in which at least one of the related terms is a ''VariableQuantity''.
Super-classes	Group^c Equation^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only VariableQuantity^c
Sub-classes	NonLinearEquation^c

Algerian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Algerian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Algerian' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Algerian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Algeria or its inhabitants; 'Algerian towns')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

AlgerianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlgerianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Algerian' in WordNet: 1. Algerian - (a native or inhabitant of Algeria)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaNativeOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Algeria^c

Algorithm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Algorithm

Description

An ''Algorithm'' is a ''MathematicalFormula'' that specifies how to solve a mathematical problem in a finite number of steps. This is different from procedures that may take an infinite number of steps.

       CYC: A specialization of
        #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing.    An instance of
        #$Algorithm is a particular finite sequence     of
        operations that constitutes an effective, or strictly
        mechanical, procedure for completing some task, computing
        some function, or simply performing a number of unrelated
        operations.  Instances of #$ComputerProgram-CWIS use
        algorithms (see #$programAlgorithms), and some instances of
        #$Instructions (e.g. some instances of its specializations
        #$Recipe-CW and #$DirectionsToGetSomewhere), if sufficiently
        explicit, involve algorithms.  An algorithm can be viewed as
        a specific way of computing a particular instance of
        #$Function-Denotational, i.e. a way determining the value
        of the function for any argument in the function's
        domain    (see #$algorithmComputes).

        COSMO note: Among other things, this type will have as
         instances the algorithms used to interpolate between points
         on a curve - important for describing geometrical shapes.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'algorithm' in WordNet:
               1. algorithm, algorithmic rule, algorithmic program - (a precise rule (or set of rules) 
               specifying how to solve some problem)

Super-classes MathematicalFormula^c
MathematicalOrComputationalThing^c

Alias^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alias`
Description	An Alias is a Name that is not the given or legal name of a Person or other entity (such as a state or city). The use of an Alias by a Person is sometimes is taken to imply some intent at deception, but in the technical sense here that is not the case. The purpose of using an Alias may be social and harmless, rather than illegal and malicious. `This includes stage names and other names assumed for public figures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alias' in WordNet: 1. alias, assumed name, false name - (a name that has been assumed temporarily)`
Super-classes	Name^c
Sub-classes	PopularName^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timur_Leng http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tamberlane

Alibi^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alibi`
Description	An ''Alibi'' is a legal ''Vindication'' of a claim of innocence by proving one's presence ''Elsewhere'' than at the scene of a crime. `The topic ''PlaceOfAbsence'' is the ''SceneOfaCrime''. No entries for 'proof of innocence'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alibi' in WordNet: 1. (2) alibi - ((law) a defense by an accused person purporting to show that he or she could not have committed the crime in question)`
Super-classes	Vindication^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some PlaceOfAbsence^c hasTopic^op some SceneOfaCrime^c hasTopic^op value Innocence^c

Alien^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alien`
Description	Each instance of this collection is a creature belonging to a species which did not arise on #$PlanetEarth. See also the more specific #$ExtraterrestrialPerson. `For the attribute 'alien' meaning 'of foreign origin' use ''Alienish''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extraterrestrial' in Wordnet: 1. extraterrestrial being, extraterrestrial, alien - (a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere)`
Super-classes	FictionalObject^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value Organism^c hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpace^c

Alienating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alienating`
Description	''Alienating'' is an Action which causes some form of ''Friendship'' to end. This Action may be intended to have that effect, or that effect may be unintended. `'alien' is not present as a verb in RHW: omitted as a label. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alienate' in WordNet: 1. (3) estrange, alienate, alien, disaffect - (arouse hostility or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness; 'She alienated her friends when she became fanatically religious')`
Super-classes	Breakup^c SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Alienation^c terminatesState^op value Friendship^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Estranged^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Alienation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alienation`
Description	''Alienation'' is a Feeling of ''Dislike'' of other people that causes a Desire to not associate with them. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alienation' in WordNet: 1. (2) alienation, disaffection, estrangement - (the feeling of being alienated from other people)`
Super-classes	Dislike^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Alienating^c

Alienish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alienish

Description

''Alienish'' is an attribute of Objects (including People) that are unusual in not occurring naturally in a particular area, and are therefore particularly noticeable (''Salient''). This is similar to but not identical to 'foreign' in the sense of being from another country. There is considerable overlap. Things that are foreign are not necessarily ''Alienish'' in this sense. This is the opposite of ''Indigenous''.

       (The term ''Alien'' is used for a creature from another planet)

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exotic' in WordNet:
           1. (2) alien, exotic - (being or from or characteristic of another 
              place or part of the world; 'alien customs'; 'exotic plants in a greenhouse';
              'exotic cuisine')

Super-classes FrequencyAttributeValue^c
Unusual^c
Salient^c

AligningObjectsInaRow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AligningObjectsInaRow`
Description	`Corresponds to part (forming a line) of verb sense 1 of 'align' in WordNet: 1. (2) align, aline, line up, adjust - (place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight; " align the car with the curb "; " align the sheets of paper on the table ")`
Super-classes	Reorienting^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value SolidObject^c produces^op value LineOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	Eclipse^c

Alignment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alignment`
Description	An ''Alignment'' is a ''SpatialArangement'' of objects that are in the same straight line, or in parallel lines. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'alignment' in WordNet: 2. (2) alignment - (the spatial property possessed by an arrangement or position of things in a straight line or in parallel lines)`
Super-classes	SpatialArangement^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value AligningObjectsInaRow^c
Sub-classes	Tandem^c

Alikeness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alikeness`
Description	''Alikeness'' is a ''Similarity'' (a ''HavingAnAttribute'',a ''Quality'') and a PersistentState in which a ''SimilarityGroup'' of two or more items are 'alike' (strongly similar) in some characteristic(s). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alikeness' in WordNet: 1. likeness, alikeness, similitude - (similarity in appearance or character or nature between persons or things; 'man created God in his own likeness')`
Super-classes	Similarity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Comparable^c
Sub-classes	Resemblance^c Equivalence^c SpittingImage^c

AlimentaryCanal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlimentaryCanal`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alimentary canal' in WordNet: 1. alimentary canal, alimentary tract, digestive tube, digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract, GI tract - (tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value DigestiveSystem^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value DigestionEvent^c

AliphaticCompound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AliphaticCompound`
Description	An ''AliphaticCompound'' is an OrganicCompound that has no 'aromatic' ring structures. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aliphatic compound' in WordNet: 1. aliphatic compound - (organic compound that is an alkane or alkene or alkyne or their derivative)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Acetylene^c

Alive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alive`
Description	An attribute that specifies that an organism or cellular structure is alive (not dead). This is usually meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. See 'AliveDuringInterval' for asserting times using the OWL format. NOTE: 'living' is less often used in this sense. Not in WN. RHW 'living': 1. having life; being alive; not dead: living persons. NOTE that this sense includes being in a fetal or embryonic sage of development, and to exclude that stage the AttributeValue ''FreeLiving'' should be used. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alive' and sense 3 of 'live' in WordNet: 1. (14) alive, live - (possessing life; 'the happiest person alive'; 'the nerve is alive'; 'doctors are working hard to keep him alive'; 'burned alive'; 'a live canary')
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Retired^c Pensive^c AwareOfSomething^c Conscious^c Collaborative^c Employed^c Unconscious^c Preoccupied^c SemiConscious^c Born^c FreeLiving^c Unemployed^c Mortal^c Emeritus^c Immortal^c

Alive2001-2008^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alive2001-2008`
Description	The attribute of being alive from sometime in 2001 to sometime in 2008 - the dates are not exclusive and bracketing - the organism could be alive earlier or later as well.
Super-classes	VitalityAttribute^c

AliveDuring1935-2017^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AliveDuring1935-2017`
Description	'AliveDuring1935-2017' is the QualitativeAttribute that can be used to assert that an organism was alive between the starting points of 1935 and 2017.
Super-classes	AliveDuringInterval^c

AliveDuring1943-2015^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AliveDuring1943-2015

Description

'AliveDuring1942-2009' is the QualitativeAttribute that can be used to assert that an organism was alive between the starting points of 1943 and 2015.

  NOTE that AttributeValues such as this are represented by
    classes in COSMO (to allow subtypes), but for this specific
    case it is unclear what kinds of subclasses there may be.
    @ToDo: can we use instances, or make this sort of AttributeValue
    'quantitative' in some sense?

Super-classes AliveDuringInterval^c

AliveDuringInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AliveDuringInterval`
Description	Using 'AliveDuringInterval' as a vitality attribute allow the inclusion of time limits on an assertion that a particular organism is 'Alive'. To use this, it is necessary to create a new subtype of this type for each such assertion. That subtype can then have beginning and ending times asserted on it. Example: see ''AliveDuring1943-2014''. Tnis is a class. This issue could be alternatively handled using the ''atTime'' relation, with instances (but that may not be any simpler). *@ToDo: try that out. Each subinterval will be a subclass of this type. allowing inference that an assertion on the larger type includes truth on the included type. To use this AttributeValue to represent a linguistic structure, the time interval of the assertion needs to be asserted or implied within the linguistic structure - an implied 'now' can be represented with this AttributeValue, if the actual time of the assertion is known.
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	AliveDuring1935-2017^c AliveDuring1943-2015^c

AliveInaFiction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AliveInaFiction`
Description	The attribute 'AliveInaFiction' specifies that an Animal (including people) was alive throughout the period recounted in a work of fiction.
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c

AliveInaSpiritualRealm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AliveInaSpiritualRealm`
Description	The attribute 'AliveInaSpiritualRealm' specifies that some Agent (usually a Person or religiousFigure) is considered alive in spiritual world, in some belief system. See e.g. ''Jesus''. If this is applied to a historical person, that person may be ''Dead'' in the real world as well.
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c

AlkaliMetal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlkaliMetal`
Description	An Element that is a metal in the first gtoup of the periodic table of the elements, with valence 1. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alkali metal' in WordNet: 1. alkali metal, alkaline metal - (any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium); 'the hydroxides of the alkali metals are strongly alkaline')`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c Metal^c
Sub-classes	Cesium^c Strontium^c Sodium^c Potassium^c Rubidium^c Lithium^c Francium^c

Alkaloid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alkaloid`
Description	Instances are pieces of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and usually oxygen, and are often derived from plants. Though poisons, many alkaloids have physiological effects that render them useful as medicines or interesting as narcotics. Some popular and notable alkaloids are curare, altropine, morphine, codeine, cocaine, caffeine, LSD, quinine, serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine. `SUMO: A ChemicalBase found in Plants that has physiological and psychological effects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alkaloid' in WordNet: 1. alkaloid - (natural bases containing nitrogen found in plants)`
Super-classes	ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c PlantProduct^c
Sub-classes	Ephedrine^c Atropine^c Mescaline^c Heroin^c Nicotine^c Caffeine^c Opiate^c Cocaine^c Quinine^c Morphine^c Opioid^c

Alkane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alkane`
Description	The most basic class of Hydrocarbons. Each subcollection of #$Alkane is a type of stuff whose carbon atoms are bonded to four other atoms. Subcollections include #$Methane and #$Propane. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alkane' in WordNet: 1. methane series, alkane series, alkane, paraffin series, paraffin - (a series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2))`
Super-classes	Hydrocarbon^c
Sub-classes	Butane^c Hexane^c Methane^c Pentane^c Ethane^c Polyethylene^c Octane^c Propane^c

All-American^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#All-American

Description

This sense of ''All-American'' is used as a title for the championship in some contest - usually sports - awarded each year for teams in the USA.

     RHW adj 'all-American':
        3. selected as the best in the United States, as in a sport: 
           the all-American college football team of 1983.

Super-classes Best^c

All-Out^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#All-Out

Description

''All-Out'' is a subAttribute of ''Intense'' for ''ExertingEffort'' in any type of Action requiring maximum ('complete') effort or use of resorces. or where the Actor does not withhold any physical or mental resource to accomplish the intended goal.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'all-out' in Wordnet:
         1. all-out, full-scale - (using all available resources; 'all-out war';
            'a full-scale campaign against nuclear power plants')

Super-classes Maximum^c
Energetic^c
Intense^c

All-Star^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#All-Star

Description

'All-Star' is an attribute of a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a 'star' performer in some Activity.

       RHW adj 'all-star':
       1.  consisting of athletes chosen as the best at their positions
              from all teams in a league or region: Our quarterback was chosen for the all-star team.
       2.  consisting entirely of star performers: an all-star cast.

Super-classes TheBest^c

All-Time^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#All-Time

Description

'All-Time' is an attribute of a thing that has the maximum of some quality observed at all times up to the time at which the assertion is made. When immediately followed by an adjective it could be viewed as an adverbial modifier, but in such cases the adjective is usually followed by a noun so the thing modified by 'all-time' can be vired as the class of things that are each instances of the sdjective-noun combination: in 'among the all-time great lefthanders' the thing modified by 'all-tmime' is the 'great lefthanders'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'all-time' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) all-time - (unsurpassed in some respect up to the present;
              'prices at an all-time high'; 'morale at an all-time low'; 
              'among the all-time great lefthanders')

Super-classes TheBest^c

AllCourseGrades^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AllCourseGrades`
Description	''AllCourseGrades'' is a ''Group'' of ''CourseGrades'' received by a ''Student'' during some ''SchoolSession''. A 'Student'' rank at graduation usually depend on the average of this Group (''AverageCourseGrade''). `NOTE: the relation 'ableToAffect' is used to relate this to the ''AverageCourseGrade'' but that relation should be more explicit. Perfhaps a 'isaFactorIn' or 'isaConsiderationIn'?? Needs consideration. See ''Consideration'' ''isUsedAsaResourceIn'' 'Deciding'' @@ToDo`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	ableToAffect^op value AverageCourseGrade^c hasComponentElement^op only CourseGrade^c

AllLegs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AllLegs`
Description	''AllLegs'' is a ''ObjectGroup'' composed of all of the ''Leg''s on some animal; the number of legs depends on the number that a typical member of that species would have - two for people, for for dogs, six for insects., eight for spiders, etc.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op some AnimalType^c hasComponentElement^op only Leg^c
Sub-classes	LongLegs^c LongInsectLegs^c

Allegation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allegation`
Description	Each ''Allegation'' is an unproven 'Claim' (a 'LinguisticAssertion') about some kind of wrongdoing by some Person or Organization, that may have some basis in evidence that the claimant is prepared to present, but is not considered as proven. Not an off-hand claim. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'allegation' in WordNet: 2. (1) allegation, allegement - (statements affirming or denying certain matters of fact that you are prepared to prove)`
Super-classes	Claim^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PossiblyTrue^c isProducedByEventType^op value Alleging^c
Sub-classes	Accusation^c Grievance^c

Alleged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alleged

Description

''Alleged'' is the attribute of an Assertion something that is the object (patient) of an ''Alleging'' action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alleged' in WordNet:
          1. (3) alleged - (declared but not proved; 'alleged abuses of
            housing benefits'- Wall Street Journal)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Allegedly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allegedly

Description

''Allegedly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Assertion and asserts that the assertion was alleged (asserted) by someone other than the speaker, who does not assert the truth or falsity of the Assertion'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'allegedly' in WordNet:
            1. allegedly - (according to what has been alleged;
              'he was on trial for allegedly murdering his wife')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Allegiance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allegiance`
Description	''Allegiance'' is a ''Loyalty'' directed at some ''Organization'' or ''Country''. `Corresponds approximately (is broader than) to noun sense 2 of 'allegiance' in WordNet: 2. allegiance, fealty - (the loyalty that citizens owe to their country (or subjects to their sovereign))`
Super-classes	Loyalty^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some (Organization^c or Country^c or OrganizationMember^c or Citizen^c) isPerformedBy^op some (Organization^c or Country^c or OrganizationMember^c or Citizen^c)

Alleging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alleging`
Description	''Alleging is a ''Claiming'' that asserts something bad about a person or Group of people, but does not present proof of the assertion. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'allege' in WordNet: 1. (5) allege, aver, say - (report or maintain; 'He alleged that he was the victim of a crime'; 'He said it was too late to intervene in the war'; 'The registrar says that I owe the school money')`
Super-classes	Claiming^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Allegation^c

Allergen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allergen`
Description	Each 'Allergen' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that can cause an 'AllergicReaction' in some animal, mostly relevant to human medicine. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'allergen' in WordNet (but see note under 'AllergicReaction' about the lack of distinction in WN between 'allergy' and 'allergic reaction': in WordNet: 1. allergen - (any substance that can cause an allergy)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some AllergicReaction^c

Allergic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allergic

Description

'Allergic'' is the attribute of a Person (or other animal) who, when exposed to some ''Allergen'' undergoes an ''AllergicReaction''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'allergic' in Wordnet:
         2. allergic, hypersensitive, hypersensitized, hypersensitised, sensitized, 
            sensitised, supersensitive, supersensitized, supersensitised -
            (having an allergy or peculiar or excessive susceptibility (especially to a specific factor);
            'allergic children'; 'hypersensitive to pollen')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AllergicReaction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AllergicReaction

Description

From CYC: A collection of dynamic, physiological states. An instance of #$AllergicReaction is an event in which an organism which is exposed to a particular substance (e.g., pollen, mold) develops some abnormality or impairment of its physiological condition as a result of interacting with the substance. Allergic reactions to some types of substances occur widely in members of a species; e.g., #$PoisonIvyPoisoning in humans. But other allergic reactions affect only a small proportion of a species, such as human allergies to penicillin. This concept is the collection of events in which allergic reactions are 'taking place', not abstract unrealized potential situations such as 'John is allergic to milk.' I.e., if John were allergic to milk, and he drank some, and then proceeded to have a whopping bad allergic reaction, that latter event would be an instance of #$AllergicReaction.

        RHW (but not WN) distinguishes the persistent state of bweing allergic
        (having an allergy) from the actual reaction to an allergen:
         1. an abnormal reaction of the body to a previously encountered allergen introduced 
            by inhalation, ingestion, injection, or skin contact, often manifested by itchy eyes,
            runny nose, wheezing, skin rash, or diarrhea.
         2. hypersensitivity to the reintroduction of an allergen. Cf. anaphylaxis.

         For sense 2 (the persistent condition) use 'Allergy'

        WordNet mixes the reaction to an allergen to the condition of being
          allergic:
         in WordNet:
           1. allergy, allergic reaction - (hypersensitivity reaction to a particular allergen; 
             symptoms can vary greatly in intensity)

Super-classes AilmentCondition^c

Allergical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allergical

Description

''Allergical'' refers to allergies, an ''AllergicReaction'', an 'Allergen'' the 'allergic system' and things related to those. NOTE: the term 'Allergical' is used to reserve the term 'Allergic' for the attribute of people who have allergies to certain things.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'allergic' in Wordnet:
          1. allergic - (characterized by or caused by allergy; 'an allergic reaction')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Allergist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allergist`
Description	An ''Allergist'' is a doctor who specializes in the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of allergies. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allergist' in WordNet: 1. allergist - (a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Allergy^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value AllergicReaction^c

Allergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allergy`
Description	COSMO note: this Condition is an Event, with a starting and ending time. `NOTE that this is the PhysiologicalCOndition of being sensitive to some allergen(s). The reaction of a person with allergies to the allergen is represented as 'AllergicReaction'. The WN sense can be clearly distinguished from Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'allergy' in WordNet: 1. allergy, allergic reaction - (hypersensitivity reaction to a particular allergen; symptoms can vary greatly in intensity)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Allergic^c

Alley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alley`
Description	A a relatively short, narrow street. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alley' in Wordnet: 1. (1) alley, alleyway, back street - (a narrow street with walls on both sides)
Super-classes	Street^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Narrow^c

AlleyCat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlleyCat`
Description	An ''AlleyCat'' is any ''Cat'' that does not have a residence in some human-ocupied struture (including barns and places of business). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alley cat' in WordNet: 1. (1) alley cat, stray - (homeless cat)`
Super-classes	Cat^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Feral^c

AlliaceousPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlliaceousPlant`
Description	The WN entry `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alliaceous plant' in WordNet: 1. alliaceous plant - (bulbous plants having a characteristic pungent onion odor)`
Super-classes	Lily^c
Sub-classes	LeekPlant^c OnionPlant^c ChivesPlant^c

Allied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allied

Description

This sense of ''Allied'' is the attribute of two or more IntelligentAgents (People, Organizations,Nations) that have some form of agreement to work together toward a common goal. The ''Working Together'' may be contingent on specific conditions or events (e.g. allied nations coming to each other's defense if attacked). This differs from ''collaborating''in that the working together does not have to be in a manner where the efforts of two or more parties each contribute to some accomplishment. No specific anticipated 'output' is necessary to be ''Allied''.

        Includes adjective senses 4 and 5 of 'allied' in Wordnet:
           4. allied, confederate, confederative - (united in a confederacy or league)
           5. allied - (joined by treaty or agreement)

Super-classes Agreed^c
Friendly^c

Alligator^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alligator

Description

CYC: The collection of all alligators; a subset of #$Crocodilian. #$Alligator includes all the American Alligators and South American Caimans; it does NOT include crocodiles proper. The collection #$Alligator constitutes a biological suborder of the #$Crocodilians. Cf. #$Crocodile.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'alligator' in WordNet:
            2. (1) alligator, gator - (either of two amphibious reptiles related to crocodiles but with shorter broader snouts)

Super-classes Crocodilian^c

Allocating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allocating`
Description	''Allocating'' is a subtype of 'DistributingObjects' in which an Agent distributes some 'portion' of an Object (which may be abstract such as a ''Right'') to two or more other Agents. The difference between this and the sister node ''Allotting'' is that this type should be used for ''DistributingObjects'' that occurs on more than one occasion, according to some plan of dstribution, or at some time in the future, not the single immediate action. This should not be used for an distribution that occurs once at the time of allocating. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'allocate' in WordNet: 1. (6) allocate, apportion - (distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose; 'I am allocating a loaf of bread to everyone on a daily basis'; 'I'm allocating the rations for the camping trip') WN noun 'allocation': 2. (1) allotment, apportionment, apportioning, allocation, parceling, parcelling, assignation - (the act of distributing by allotting or apportioning; distribution according to a plan; 'the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives is based on the relative population of each state')
Super-classes	DistributingObjects^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Allocation^c

Allocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allocation`
Description	An ''Allocation'' is a ''Share'' of something distributed to and received by an Agent in an ''Allocating'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allocation' in WordNet: 1. (1) allotment, allocation - (a share set aside for a specific purpose)`
Super-classes	Share^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some Allocating^c

Allotted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allotted

Description

''Allotted'' characterizes some portion of a quantity of materials or Group of objects, that has been given to one or more Agents.

       This sense of 'allotted' is not in WordNet.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Allotting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allotting

Description

''Allotting'' is a subtype of 'DistributingObjects' in which an Agent distributes some 'portion' of an Object (which may be abstract such as a ''Right'') to two or more other Agents. The difference between this and the parent type is unclear from the WN gloss, so this type should be reserved for abstract objects such as a ''Right'' (including the right to occupy some location).

    Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'allot' in WordNet:
      1. (6) assign, allot, portion - (give out or allot; 'We were assigned new uniforms')

Super-classes DistributingObjects^c

Allowance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allowance`
Description	Each instance of ''Allowance'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) given to some individual, either regularly at time intervals (a child's allowance from parents) or specifically as a reimbursement for some specific expenses, or for more than one category of expenses. A 'per diem' travel allowance is one subcategory. A non-monetary 'allowance' is not included here, and if needed would be a parent type of type 'ValuableThing' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allowance' in Wordnet: 1. (2) allowance - (an amount allowed or granted (as during a given period); 'travel allowance'; 'my weekly allowance of two eggs'; 'a child's allowance should not be too generous')`
Super-classes	QuantityOfMoney^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op some MoneyMeasure^c

Alloy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alloy`
Description	An Alloy is a Metal consisting primarily of metallic elements and having at least two constituent substances. Cyc: A collection of tangible stuffs; a subcollection of #$Metal. Each instance of #$MetalAlloy is a metallic stuff which is a homogeneous blend of at least one part of #$UnalloyedMetal with at least one other substance. #$MetalAlloy is not a subcollection of #$Mixture, because each instance of #$MetalAlloy is defined not only by the amounts and kinds of its #$constituents, but also (unlike a mixture) by the internal structures formed during its creation. Furthermore, the creation process is typically more complex than #$Mixing. Common metal alloys include the instances of #$Bronze-Stuff, #$Brass, and #$Steel. Note that #$GalvanizedMetal is _not_ a subcollection of #$MetalAlloy, because every instance of #$GalvanizedMetal has a coating of some #$Zinc on its surface, and thus (unlike an alloy) the components of galvanized metals are not homogenously distributed throughout. SUMO: A Mixture of two or more Metals, and possibly nonmetallic elements as well. For example, steel is an alloy containing iron and manganese. COSMO note: In COSMO an Alloy does not have to have two metals, the second component can be a non-metal, as in some types of steel, which have carbon as the second component. Steel does not have to contain manganese. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alloy' in WordNet: 1. alloy, metal - (a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten; 'brass is an alloy of zinc and copper')
Super-classes	Mixture^c Metal^c ArtificialSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c hasComponentSubstance^op some MetalType^c
Sub-classes	IronAlloy^c Solder^c Bronze^c Brass^c

Alluding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alluding`
Description	A ''Alluding'' is a ''StatingSomething'' indirectly by ''Hinting'' at some Topic. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'allude' in WordNet: 1. allude, touch, advert - (make a more or less disguised reference to; 'He alluded to the problem but did not mention it')`
Super-classes	Hinting^c StatingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indirect^c

Allusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Allusion`
Description	A ''Reference'' is an indirect ''Mention'' produced by an ''Alluding'' remark. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allusion' in WordNet: 1. (7) allusion - (passing reference or indirect mention)`
Super-classes	Reference^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Alluding^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indirect^c

Ally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ally`
Description	'An ''Ally'' is an IntelligentAgent that is a member of some ''Coalition'' (syn. 'alliance'). Includes nations and individual people. Members of a ''Coalition'' are Allies,and are 'Friendly'' (to some degree and in some circumstances) to each other. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ally' in WordNet: 1. (3) ally - (a friendly nation) 2. (1) ally, friend - (an associate who provides assistance; 'he's a good ally in fight'; 'they were friends of the workers')`
Super-classes	PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Friendly^c isaFriendOf^op some Ally^c isaMemberOf^op some Coalition^c

Almanac^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Almanac

Description

A ''Almanac'' is a ''Yearbook'' published annually with information about

   Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'almanac' in WordNet (should be
   differentiated):
      in WordNet:
          1. almanac, farmer's calendar -- (an annual publication including weather 
               forecasts and other miscellaneous information arranged 
               according to the calendar of a given year)
      2. almanac - (an annual publication containing tabular information 
          in a particular field or fields arranged according 
           to the calendar of a given year)

Super-classes Yearbook^c

Almighty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Almighty

Description

''Almighty'' is the attribute of some agent having an unlimited or almost unlimited power in some field or context. This is a form of being ''Powerful'' as well as ''Mighty'' (physically powerful).

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'almighty' in Wordnet:
           1. almighty, all-powerful, omnipotent - (having unlimited power)

Super-classes Powerful^c
Mighty^c

Almond^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Almond`
Description	This is the whole Almond, including the shell. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the ''Almond'' including the shell, and the edible Kernel. This is the edibe portion without the shell. Corresponds to part (for the inner edible Kernel) noun sense 2 of 'almond' in WordNet: 2. almond - (oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree)`
Super-classes	BallLikeObject^c MarbleSizedObject^c Nut-TheFruit^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Elliptical^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.0^c isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value AlmondTree^c isTheFruitOfa^op value AlmondTree^c

AlmondKernel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlmondKernel`
Description	This is the soft inner edible part of a ''Almond'', excluding the shell. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the ''Almond'' including the shell, and the edible Kernel. This is the edibe portion without the shell. `Corresponds to part (for the inner edible Kernel) noun sense 2 of 'almond' in WordNet: 2. almond - (oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c EdibleNut^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value Almond^c hasShape^op value Elliptical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.5^c

AlmondTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlmondTree

Description

A tree producing ''Almond''s.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'almond' in WordNet:
         1. almond, sweet almond, Prunus dulcis, Prunus amygdalus, Amygdalus communis -
            (small bushy deciduous tree native to Asia and North Africa 
            having pretty pink blossoms and highly prized edible nuts enclosed in
            a hard green hull; cultivated in southern Australia and California)

Super-classes NutTree^c

Aloft^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aloft

Description

''aloft'' is being''Airborne'' at a substantial height.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'aloft' in Wordnet:
        3. aloft - (at or to great height; high up in or into the air;
          'eagles were soaring aloft'; 'dust is whirled aloft')

Super-classes Airborne^c

Alone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alone

Description

The attribute of someone who is either not in the company of other people, or who is executing an action without the help of another person (i.e. 'by oneself' - see 'independently'). This can be expressed linguistically as an adverb.

 Someone who is ''Alone'' is in the state of ''Solitude''.

  For the attribute of a person feeling loney, use 'Lonely'.

  NOTE that the sense of 'lonely' is not part of this sense
  (see 'Solitude').
  Also the sense of 'exclusively' for an object ('she wanted only
   a blue car') is not included.
   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alone' in WordNet:
     1. (4) alone, lone, lonely, solitary - (lacking companions or companionship;
      'he was alone when we met him'; 'she is alone much of the time'; 
      'the lone skier on the mountain'; 'a lonely fisherman stood on a tuft of gravel'; 
      'a lonely soul'; 'a solitary traveler')
  WN  This is approximately the same as WordNet adj sense 1:
  WN  in WordNet:
     1. (26) alone - (isolated from others; "could be alone in a crowded room";
        "was alone with her thoughts"; "I want to be alone")

Super-classes Isolated^c

AlongAnObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlongAnObject

Description

''AlongAnObject'' is a ''Path-Spatial'' that follows an Object that has some part that is long relative to width, such as a Bridge or Roadway.

     This can characterize a  of direction of movement
   that is represented as a Path, plus a polarity of movement
   along that path.  This is more general than 'alongside' - 
   'he drove along the river'.

   It specifies a direction of movement that is parallel to some object, but cannot beconsidered as
     a ''DirectionMeasure'' which is an AttributeValue, as this 'path' is an Object.
 .  For COSMO this sense is restricted to a Path that represents a direction
    of movement on the ground.

   NOTE that this 'DirectionMeasure' can be used to 
    represent a changing direction over some interval of time.
    In that case, the moving object could be a TimeSlice.

   If higher-arity relations are allowed, the word 'along'
   could serve as a function - see 'Along'.

Super-classes Path-Spatial^c

Aloof^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aloof

Description

''Aloof'' is a subattribute of 'Separate' applying to people who intentionally maintain some kind of psyhological or social distance from others in a group of people, sometimes reflectied in a tendency to physically stand apart from others in the group.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aloof' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) aloof, distant, upstage - (remote in manner; 'stood apart with aloof dignity'; 
         'a distant smile'; 'he was upstage with strangers')

Super-classes Separate^c

Alpaca^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alpaca`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'alpaca' in WordNet: 3. alpaca, Lama pacos - (domesticated llama with long silky fleece; believed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco)`
Super-classes	Llama^c

AlpacaWool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlpacaWool`
Description	Wool from an ''Alpaca''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alpaca' in WordNet: 1. alpaca - (wool of the alpaca)`
Super-classes	Wool^c
Restrictions	isObtainedFrom^op value Alpaca^c

Alpha^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alpha

Description

''Alpha'' is an AttributeValue used as a metaphorical subattribute of 'first' and also used to mean 'earliest' (first in temporal order). These senses may be distinguishable, if compound terms like 'alpha version' are not explicitly represented.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'alpha' in Wordnet:
        1. alpha - (first in order of importance; 'the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees';
           'the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star')
        2. alpha - (early testing stage of a software or hardware product; 'alpha version')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AlphaRadiation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlphaRadiation`
Description	''AlphaRadiation'' is an ''IonizingRadiation''in which ''AlphaRay''s pass through some region of space or PhysicalObject.. This is the radiation viewed as an Event. For one Helium nucleus in such radiation, use ''AlphaRay''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'alpha ray' in WordNet: 1. alpha radiation, alpha ray - (the radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay)`
Super-classes	IonizingRadiation^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value AlphaRay^c

AlphaRay^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlphaRay

Description

A helium-4 nucleus emitted from a radioactive material. In essence, this is a ''Role'' played by a ''HeliumNuleus'' when emitted as a particle in nuclear decay.

      This is one Helium nucleus in ''AlphaRadiation..  For the radiation use
         ''AlphaRadiation'.

      Corresponds to part of  noun sense 1 of 'alpha ray' in WordNet:
        1. alpha radiation, alpha ray - (the radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay)

Super-classes Role^c
HeliumNucleus^c

Alphabet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alphabet`
Description	An Alphabet is a group of AbstractSymbols that is used to encode the words of a language. This is restricted to letters that have some phonetic value, not to ideograms such as Chinese characters or non-phonetic types of hieroglyphs. Any symbol that is used for its phonetic value may be considered as a part of an 'Alphabet', including syllabic components. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alphabet' in WordNet: 1. alphabet - (a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only AlphabeticalCharacter^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreekAlphabet

AlphabeticalCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlphabeticalCharacter`
Description	An AlphabeticalCharacter is an AbstractCharacter that is one of the symbols contained in some linguistic alphabet. In information processing systems, any sequence of bits having the proper length for use in strings (e.g., seven bits or eight bits or sixteen bits) can represent an AlphabeticalCharacter, but the characters should be unique regardless of their representation. `For the more specific character of some natural language alphabet use subtype ''LetterOfTheAlphabet''.`
Super-classes	AbstractSymbol^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some Alphabet^c
Sub-classes	VowelCharacter^c LetterOfTheAlphabet^c Consonant-Alphabetical^c

Alpine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alpine

Description

''Alpine'' characterizes not only the ''Alps'' themselves, but things associated with the ''Alps'' such as similar heights, 'Alpine meadows', and customs and manners of people living in the Alps. To be ''Alpine'' is not necesarily to be located in the Alps, but at least to be similar.

       NOTE: 'alpine' is used in lower case when not referring directy to the
            mountain range itself.
       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Alpine' in Wordnet:
         2. Alpine - (relating to the Alps and their inhabitants;
            'Alpine countries, Switzerland, Italy, France, and Germany')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Altar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Altar`
Description	The 'altar' in christian churches. Until recently, the communion host was consecrated there - lately it may be consecrated with the priest facing the congregation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'altar' in WordNet: 1. altar, communion table, Lord's table - (the table in Christian churches where communion is given)`
Super-classes	Table-Furniture^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value ChurchBuilding^c

Altered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Altered`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'altered' in Wordnet: 1. (1) altered - (changed in form or character without becoming something else; 'the altered policy promised success'; 'following an altered course we soon found ourselves back in civilization'; 'he looked...with clouded eyes and with an altered manner of breathing'- Charles Dickens)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Modified^c

Altering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Altering`
Description	''Altering'' is a 'Modification' action in which some attribute of an Object (Physical or Abstract) is changed by an agent without changing the identity of the Object. This is the transitive sense. Corresponds to part (for physical objects) of verb sense 1 of 'alter' and noun sense 2 of 'alteration' in WordNet: 1. (26) change, alter, modify - (cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; 'The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city'; 'The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue') WN noun 'adjustment': 2. (3) alteration, modification, adjustment - (the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)) WN noun 'change': 3. (17) change - (the action of changing something; 'the change of government had no impact on the economy'; 'his change on abortion cost him the election')
Super-classes	Modification^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c causedChange^op value Adjustment^c hadObjectModified^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Politicizing^c Transforming^c PolarizingLight^c ModifyingaComputerDisplay^c CompostingEvent^c Revolutionizing^c Destabilizing^c Individualizing^c Diversifying^c DisablingaDevice^c ReworkingSomething^c TanningHides^c Centralizing^c Stabilizing^c Automating^c Disordering^c BlindingAnAnimal^c SwitchingOneThingForAnother^c SpatialllyPolarizing^c Reinvesting^c Decentralizing^c

Alternately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alternately

Description

''Alternately'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'alternately' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) alternately - (in an alternating sequence or position; 
             'They were deglycerolized by alternately centrifuging and mixing';
             'he planted fir and pine trees alternately')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Alternating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alternating

Description

''Alternating'' is the property something that is undergoing an ''Alternation'' Action..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'alternating' in Wordnet:
          2. alternate, alternating - (occurring by turns; first one and then the other; 
            'alternating feelings of love and hate')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AlternatingCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlternatingCurrent`
Description	'AlternatingCurrent'' is an ''ElectricCurrent'' in which the flow of electrons aternates between the two directions of a circuit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alternating current' in WordNet: 1. alternating current, AC - (an electric current that reverses direction sinusoidally; 'In the US most household current is AC at 60 cycles per second')`
Super-classes	ElectricCurrent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Alternating^c

Alternation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alternation`
Description	This ''Alternation'' is any series of ''Cycle''s in each of which something (an object, attribute, or state) changes some attribute or location from one value to another, and then in th next ''Cycle' changes first back the first value, followed by another change to the second value.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'alternate' in WordNet: 1. (3) alternate, jump - (go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c CyclicEventSeries^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Cycle^c

Alternative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alternative

Description

COSMO note: this type has been reinterpreted as a QualitativeAttributeValue. This is the attribute of something (an 'AlternateThing', which see) that is an alternative to something else, i.e. may be chosen instead of something else. This does not imply mutual exclusivity.

    This differs from the CYC meaning:
    Cyc:  The collection of all things that do not have mass
        appeal, which are viewed as alternatives to things with mass appeal.

      Approximately corresponds to noun adjective sense 1 of 'alternative' in WordNet:
         1. (4) alternate, alternative - (allowing a choice; 'an alternative plan')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AlternativeAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlternativeAction`
Description	An 'AlternativeAction' is a PossibleFutureSituation (an Action) that has not yet happened, but is considered as one 'possible' Action (having a Probability greater than 0) that an agent might take in a given situation (i.e. it is one 'option' available). This will usually be one of several actions in a 'Options' Group. The numerical value of the likelihood is usually unspecified, and this type is usually used only to list the options for Action in a given situation. In the given example, 'bankruptcy' is the alternative of filing for bankruptcy, or being the principle in a bankruptcy proceeding, an Action. 'They narrowed their vacation possibilities to France and Germany'. In representing one 'AlternativeAction' the restriction requires that at least one other 'AlternativeAction' be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'possibility' and noun sense 2 of 'option' in WordNet: 4. (6) possibility, possible action, opening - (a possible alternative; 'bankruptcy is always a possibility') WN noun 'option' 2. option, alternative, choice - (one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; 'what option did I have?'; 'there is no other alternative'; 'my only choice is to refuse')
Super-classes	PossibleFutureSituation^c AlternativeThing^c Action^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	Recourse^c DeprecatedAction^c

AlternativeMedicine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlternativeMedicine

Description

A branch of Medicine that does not follow the AMA approved Western Medicine practice taught in Medical Schools of careful testing of procdures to be assured of their safety and effectiveness, and publishing the results in peer-reviewed journals.

      For the ''ServiceEvent''s of Chiropractic and Acupuncture see those
          entries.  The branch of Medicine *could* be subtypes 
          'ChiropracticMedicine'
          and 'AcupunctureMedicine' but those are not yet represented.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alternative medicine' in WordNet:
         1. alternative medicine - (the practice of medicine without the use of drugs;
           may involve herbal medicines or self-awareness or biofeedback or acupuncture)

Super-classes Medicine^c

AlternativeMedicinePractitioner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlternativeMedicinePractitioner`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$HealthProfessionals who are practitioners of #$AlternativeMedicine. This collection is not coextensive with the collection of all #$HealthProfessionals who provide services that are instances of #$AlternativeMedicineHealthCareEvent because some practitioners act as teachers of a self-care skill, such as #$AlexanderTechnique and #$Qigong.
Super-classes	HealthProfessional^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value AlternativeMedicine^c

AlternativePair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlternativePair`
Description	A Pair of AlternativeThings, related by the 'hasAlternative' relation. They may be of any type: object, event, attribute, substance, etc. `The first element will typically be the preferred choice, if there are differences in preference or utility. The second element may be a 'substitute'. When instantiating alternatives, the types 'PreferredThing' or 'SubstituteThing' should be declared.`
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op value PreferredThing^c hasSecondElement^op value SubstituteThing^c

AlternativeThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlternativeThing`
Description	An 'AlternativeThing' is any Thing (object, action, substance, attribute) that is one of two or more that might be chosen in a 'Choosing' situation. The thing selected is a 'Choice'. Every 'AlternativeThing' has the attribute 'alternative' 'what are my alternatives?'; `@ToDo: need also a list of alternatives, for when there are more than two. @ToDo: the relation to a 'Choosing' situation should be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alternative', sense 2 of 'option' and sense 3 of 'choice' in WordNet: 1. (16) option, alternative, choice - (one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; 'what option did I have?'; 'there no other alternative'; 'my only choice is to refuse')`
Super-classes	EquivalentThing^c Role^c
Restrictions	wasTheDirectObjectOf^op value Choosing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Alternative^c
Sub-classes	Selection^c AlternativeAction^c ImpossibleThing^c SubstituteThing^c PreferredThing^c DefaultOption^c ComputerOption^c

Alternatively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alternatively

Description

''Alternatively'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions indicate that the Action is or could be performed 'as an alternative to' some other Action. This may be prefixed to a sentence, or at the end of a sentence, or between two related sentences.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'alternatively' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) alternatively, as an alternative, instead, or else -
             (in place of, or as an alternative to; 'Felix became a herpetologist instead';
             'alternatively we could buy a used car')
      WN adverb 'instead':
         2. (23) rather, instead - (on the contrary; 'rather than disappoint the children, 
            he did two quick tricks before he left'; 'he didn't call; rather (or instead), 
            he wrote her a letter'; 'used English terms instead of Latin ones')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

AlternativesTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlternativesTable`
Description	An AlternativesTable is a DatabaseTable which is intended to represent more than one type of entity, depending on the value in one or more columns. This kind of entity representation may be used when several columns (representing properties or relations) are in common between two or more entities. It allows the representtaion of more complex Types than the number of tables used. . At least one columen should be specified as the indicator of the Type intended to be represented.
Super-classes	DatabaseTable^c ListOfAlternatives^c

Alternator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alternator`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alternator' in WordNet: 1. alternator - (an old term for an electric generator that produces alternating current (especially in automobiles))`
Super-classes	ElectricalGenerator^c PowerSource^c MechanicalAutoPart^c
Restrictions	produces^op value AlternatingCurrent^c

Altimeter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Altimeter`
Description	Device used to measure one's altitude. Useful especially in aviation or in mountaineering. Some altimeters measure distance to the ground below. Other altimeters measure height above sea level via barometric pressure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'altimeter' in WordNet: 1. altimeter - (an instrument that measures the height above ground; used in navigation)`
Super-classes	Gauge^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value AltitudeValue^c

Altitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Altitude`
Description	'Altitude' is the AttributeType used to refer to an altitude above sea level, not above the surface. This is an AttributeType, and takes a LengthMeasure as a value. This measure is intended to be used specify the Altitudinal coordinate of an object or point near the surface of some celestial body (not only the Earth). This measure will be expressed as meters above the relevant datum (sea level), and negative values . `NOTE: if other formats are needed, this type may need supplementation or change. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'altitude' in WordNet: 1. (3) altitude, height - (elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface; 'the altitude gave her a headache')`
Super-classes	Distance^c
Sub-classes	Elevation^c HighAltitude^c

AltitudeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AltitudeValue`
Description	'AltitudeValue' is a LengthMeasure that specifies how far some object or region (including a Point) is above or below some geographical datum (i.e. sea level for an astronomical body). Usually, altitude or ''Elevation'' above or below the Earth's sea level. `This is intended to be used with the relation 'hasAltitude', and that relation should be conceptually identical to the 'alt' property used in the w3c SWIG 'Basic Geo' vocabulary (http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/); however the 'Basic Geo' relation takes a literal as value, and the units for an'Altitudevalue' can be any subtype of LengthMeasure.`
Super-classes	LocationMeasure^c LengthMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some RealNumber^c hasUnit^op some UnitOfLength^c
In range of	hasAltitude^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alt_29029Feet

Alto^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alto

Description

A ''Singer'' whose voice is in the alto clef.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alto' in Wordnet:
        1. alto - (a singer whose voice lies in the alto clef)

Super-classes Singer^c

Altruism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Altruism

Description

'Altruism'' is a more intense form of ''Benevolence'' in which the altruistic person is more concerned with the welfare of others than of him/herself. 'would give the shirt off his back'.

      Includes noun sense 1 of 'altruism' and senses 1 and 2 of 'unselfishness'
         in WordNet:
           1. (1) altruism, selflessness - (the quality of unselfish 
              concern for the welfare of others)
        WN 'unselfishness':
          1. (1) unselfishness - (the quality of not putting yourself first
               but being willing to give your time or money or effort etc. 
               for others; 'rural people show more devotion and unselfishness 
               than do their urban cousins')
         2. generosity, unselfishness - (acting generously)

Super-classes Charity^c

Altruistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Altruistic

Description

'Altruistic' is an AttributeValue of someone who has the trait of ''Altruism'' and is disposed to perform ''AltruisticAction''s.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'altruistic' in Wordnet:
     1. altruistic, selfless - (showing unselfish concern for the welfare of others)

Super-classes Generous^c

AltruisticAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AltruisticAction`
Description	An 'AltruisticAction' is an action that one Agent does to help another Agent,when the motive for the helping action is not personal gain, but mostly for the benefit of the other agent; also referred to as an 'act of kindness'. Whether the Agent being altruistic gets any reward is not important in classifying an Action in this category; the motive and expectation should be that the material effort in performing the helping act must be greater than the material reward that can be anticipated. It is not relevant to this classification whether an AltruisticAction is performed because of some motivation due to increased self-esteem or the esteem of the community; it is only important that no material reward exceeding the cost of performing the AltruisticAction is anticipated. `Common examples are: saving a person from danger; donating money to a charity; assisting others at their tasks without pay.`
Super-classes	ActOfGenerosity^c
Sub-classes	CharitableAction^c Favor^c FinancialAssistance^c

Aluminum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aluminum`
Description	The metallic element. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aluminum' in WordNet: 1. (5) aluminum, aluminium, Al, atomic number 13 - (a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite)`
Super-classes	UnalloyedMetal^c ChemicalElement^c
Sub-classes	AluminumFoil^c

AluminumFoil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AluminumFoil

Description

AluminumFoil is the Substance consisting of Aluminum in the form of a thin sheet. It is an ArtificialSubstance because it does not occur like that in Nature.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aluminum foil' in WordNet:
       1. (2) aluminum foil, aluminium foil, tin foil - (foil made of aluminum)

Super-classes WrapperStuff^c
ArtificialSubstance^c
Aluminum^c

AluminumOxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AluminumOxide`
Description	''AluminumOxide'' is the compound with two ''Aluminum'' atoms and and three ''Oxygen'' atoms in each molecule - . `NOTE: this includes both natural and synthetic forms; the synthetic sapphire and ruby are composed of ''AluminumOxide'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aluminum oxide' in WordNet: 1. (1) alumina, aluminum oxide, aluminium oxide - (any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum)`
Super-classes	Oxide^c
Sub-classes	SapphireStuff^c

Alumni^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alumni`
Description	Each instance of ''Alumni'' is a GroupOfPeople who graduated from some ''School''.
Super-classes	HumanRole^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Graduate^c isAssociatedWithAgent^op some School^c

Alveolus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alveolus`
Description	CYC: The collection of all alveoli in mammalian #$Lungs, being tiny air chambers used as the sites of gas-exchange of gases in the inhaled air with the pulmonary capillaries. Alvioli are connected #$distalTo the #$AlveolarDucts, which are connected to the #$RespiratoryBronchioles. The #$RespiratoryBronchioles also have alvioli directly connected along their sides. Many also are connected directly to neighboring alveoli by small holes. `SUMO: Tiny sacs in the Lung which absorb Oxygen which is delivered to them by the BronchialDucts. COSMO note: SUMO makes an inappropriate parent link to 'BodyVessel', as a BodyVessel is defined as a tub-like object. The parent 'Sac-Organic' handles the shape adequately. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alveolus' in WordNet: 1. (5) alveolus, air sac, air cell - (a tiny sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of tiny air passageways)`
Super-classes	Sac-Organic^c AnimalBodyPart^c CavityWithWalls^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Lung^c

Amalgamated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amalgamated

Description

''Consolidated'' is an AttributeValue of an ''Organizaton'' that was created by a ''ConsolidatingAction''.

      NOTE: the terms 'fused', coalesced' and 'amalgamate' appear as though they should be
        labels for ''Consolidated''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amalgamated' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) amalgamate, amalgamated, coalesced, consolidated, fused - 
            (joined together into a whole; 'United Industries'; 'the amalgamated colleges
            constituted a university'; 'a consolidated school')

Super-classes Combined^c

Amateur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amateur`
Description	An ''Amateur'' is a Person who is not an ''Expert'' at some Activity - from bare beginner to modest levels of competence short of expertise. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'amateur' in WordNet: 1. (11) amateur - (someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime) 2. amateur - (does not play for pay)`
Super-classes	Learner^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unskilled^c
Sub-classes	Apprentice^c Novice^c

Amazed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amazed

Description

''Amazed''

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amazed' in Wordnet:
         1. (6) amazed, astonied, astonished, astounded, stunned -
             (filled with the emotional impact of overwhelming surprise or shock;
             'an amazed audience gave the magician a standing ovation'; 
             'I stood enthralled, astonished by the vastness and majesty of the cathedral';
             'astounded viewers wept at the pictures from the Oklahoma City bombing'; 
             'stood in stunned silence'; 'stunned scientists found not one but at least three viruses')

Super-classes Surprised^c

Amazement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amazement`
Description	An intense Feeling of great 'Surprise' caused by the perception of something (Object, Event, or something learned by a communication), that is not only unexpected, but considered unlikely to the point of being hard to believe. by the perceiver in the given situation. The difference between 'amazement' and 'astonishment' is subtle, and there is a lot of overlap. 'amazement' may be used more commonly for things people do, and 'astonishment' for natralphenommena or for learning rather than direct perception. Differentiating usage may be possible, and if so this can be divided into subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amazement' and sense 1 of 'astonishmentt' in WordNet: 1. (13) astonishment, amazement - (the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising; 'he looked at me in astonishment')
Super-classes	Surprise^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute^op value Amazing^c
Sub-classes	Wonder^c

Amazing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amazing`
Description	''Amazing'' is a property of Events or Facts that are both ''Extraordinary' and ''Surprising'', causing either 'Astonsishent'' or 'amazement' or bith. Amazing (or 'Astonishing') is the property of something that is not only unexpected but so unusual as to cause great surprise, and therefore causes the Feeling of ''''Astonishment''''. This is often relative to a particular agent's expectations; but some things may be ''Astonishing'' to almost everyone (e.g. a talking dog).. `This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing (astonishing + Surprising + Incredible) Astounding Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amazing' in WordNet: 1. (5) amazing, astonishing - (surprising greatly; 'she does an amazing amount of work'; 'the dog was capable of astonishing tricks')`
Super-classes	Extraordinary^c Surprising^c
Sub-classes	Incredible^c Astounding^c

AmazingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmazingSomeone`
Description	''AmazingSomeone'' is a ''SurprisingSomeone'' Event that amazes. `How does this differ from 'flabbergasting' a Person?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'amaze' in WordNet: 1. (4) amaze, astonish, astound - (affect with wonder; 'Your ability to speak six languages amazes me!')`
Super-classes	SurprisingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Amazement^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Amazed^c
Sub-classes	DazzlingSomeone^c StunningSomeone^c

Amazingly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amazingly

Description

''Amazingly'' is an AdverbialModifier that

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'amazingly' in Wordnet:
         1. amazingly, surprisingly, astonishingly - (in an amazing manner; to everyone's surprise;
           'amazingly, he finished medical school in three years')

Super-classes Surprisingly^c

Ambassador^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambassador`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$Diplomat. Each element of #$Ambassador is a person who is the officially appointed chief representative of a country's government in dealing with another government or an international organization. For example, the collection #$Ambassador includes the U.S. ambassadors to #$Japan, #$Russia, #$China-PeoplesRepublic, and other countries, and also the U.S. ambassador to the #$UnitedNationsOrganization. A country sends an ambassador to another country only if it officially recognizes that country's sovereign status; e.g., currently there is no U.S. ambassador to #$Taiwan-RepublicOfChina. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambassador' in WordNet: 1. (7) ambassador, embassador - (a diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another)`
Super-classes	Diplomat^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Embassy^c

Amber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amber`
Description	A semisolid to solid substance secreted as a gooey liquid by trees and hardened in the air. `CYC: The collection of all pieces of amber, a fossil resin that is often found in decorative items. Amber is yellow to light brown in color. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'amber' in WordNet: 2. amber - (a hard yellowish to brownish translucent fossil resin; used for jewelry)`
Super-classes	NaturalResin^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Tree^c

AmberColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmberColor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amber' in WordNet: 1. (1) amber, gold - (a deep yellow color; 'an amber light illuminated the room'; 'he admired the gold of her hair')`
Super-classes	ChromaticColor^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op value AmberColored^c

AmberColored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmberColored

Description

A pale yellowish color with a tinge of brown.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amber' in WordNet:
        1. (3) amber, brownish-yellow, yellow-brown - (of a medium to dark brownish yellow color)

Super-classes Yellowish^c
Colored^c

Ambidextrous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambidextrous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ambidextrous' in Wordnet: 1. ambidextrous, two-handed - (equally skillful with each hand; 'an ambidextrous surgeon')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Ambient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambient`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ambient' in Wordnet: 1. ambient - (completely enveloping; 'the ambient air'; 'ambient sound'; 'the ambient temperature')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AmbientAirObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmbientAirObject`
Description	An ''AmbientAirObject'' is a ''AirObject'' that surrounds the Agent in some situation. This willoften be the ''EarthsAtmosphere'' but it may be the air inside mine, a building or in a room, or in the immediate surrounds of some Person. More detail may be needed for certainsitarions.
Super-classes	AirObject^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value GenericAgent^c
Sub-classes	LocalOutdoorAirObject^c

Ambiguity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambiguity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ambiguity' in WordNet: 2. (1) ambiguity, equivocalness - (unclearness by virtue of having more than one meaning)`
Super-classes	Unclearness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Ambiguous^c
Sub-classes	Loophole^c

Ambiguous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambiguous

Description

''Ambiguous'' is an AttributeValue of some ''Phrase'' (A Group of one or more ''Word''s, including words in sign language)

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'ambiguous' in Wordnet:
        1. (9) equivocal, ambiguous - (open to two or more interpretations; 
          or of uncertain nature or significance; or (often) intended to mislead; 
          'an equivocal statement'; 'the polling had a complex and equivocal 
          (or ambiguous) message for potential female candidates'; 
          'the officer's equivocal behavior increased the victim's uneasiness'; 
          'popularity is an equivocal crown'; 'an equivocal response to an embarrassing question')
       2. (4) ambiguous - (having more than one possible meaning; 'ambiguous words';
             'frustrated by ambiguous instructions, the parents were unable to assemble the toy')

Super-classes DifficultToUnderstand^c

AmbiguousExpression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmbiguousExpression`
Description	An ''AmbiguousExpression'' is an ''Expression'' that can be interpreted in more than one way. This description in COSMO is represented by asserting that there is more than one ''LogicalSentence'' that is a possible interpretation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambiguity' in WordNet: 1. (6) ambiguity - (an expression whose meaning cannot be determined from its context)`
Super-classes	Expression^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ambiguous^c hasMeaningRepresentation^op min 2

Ambition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambition

Description

The trait of someone who is strongly motivated to achieve 'success' in some form - whether financial or social (fame or fortune).

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ambition' in Wordnet:
          2. (2) ambition, ambitiousness - (a strong drive for success)

Super-classes PersonalityTrait^c

Ambitious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambitious

Description

''Ambitious'' is an AttributeValue of Person that has a strong drive for ''SocialSuccess'', i.e., one who has ''Ambition''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ambitious' in WordNet:
      1. (5) ambitious - (having a strong desire for success or achievement)

Super-classes Competitive^c

Ambivalence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambivalence

Description

''Ambivalence'' is a special type of ''Indecision'' in which a ''IntentionalAgent'' faced with a situation of ''Choosing'' between two alternatives (''AlternativeThing''s) to choose. This would be the Feeling of indecision about a 'yes-no' decision.

    This ''Feeling'' can cause  ''Hesitation'' (vacillation, wavering).


   NOTE: this interprets the sense of 'ambivalence' more narrowly than suggested by
      the WN gloss.  This is for indecision about *two* altenatives.
      Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ambivalence' in WordNet:
        1. ambivalence, ambivalency - (mixed feelings or emotions)

Super-classes Indecision^c

Ambivalent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambivalent

Description

''Ambivalent'' is a special case of ''Undecided'', being an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''Indecision'' about which of two options (''AlternativeThing''s) to choose. This would be the attribute of indecision about a 'yes-no' decision.

    Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'ambivalent' (the WN sense does
      not seem to specify only two alternatives, but that is the meaning of this attribute) 
      in WordNet:
       1. ambivalent - (uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow;
         'was ambivalent about having children')

Super-classes Undecided^c

Ambulance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambulance

Description

COSMO note: this is for wheeled road vehicles,not for an air evacuation 'ambulance'.

       CYC: #$Ambulance is a specialization of
        #$RescueVehicle, #$EmergencyVehicle, and
        #$SpecialPurposeVehicle.  Each instance of #$Ambulance is a
        road vehicle equipped primarily for transporting wounded,
        injured, or sick persons.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambulance' in WordNet:
          1. (3) ambulance - (a vehicle that takes people to and from hospitals)

Super-classes RoadVehicle^c
EmergencyVehicle^c
HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
WheeledTransportationDevice^c

AmbulatingThroughaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmbulatingThroughaPlace`
Description	''AmbulatingThroughaPlace'' is a type of ambulation in which an animal walks through some place, and may leave some evidence of having been there. The animal passing through that place may stop at that place for some interval of time.
Super-classes	PassingThroughOrBySomething^c Ambulation^c
Restrictions	mayProduce^op value AnimalTrack^c

Ambulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambulation`
Description	COSMO note: Ambulation is an ActionSeries in which the individual actions are taking one step with one or more legs. Each step may consist of a single footstep while walking or running, or a hop in the case of Hopping, or one step one gliding device like a ''Skate'', that continues forward motion even before the next step is made. Unclear whether this is a 'LocomotionProcess' or a 'LocomotionEvent', in CYC terminology. Cyc: A specialization of #$Locomotion-SolidSurface: the collection of all locomotion events on solid surfaces in which an #$Animal moves by lifting its feet, moving them through the air, and setting them down in a new location. Includes walking (cf. 'Walking'), #$Running, skipping, trotting, etc. NOTE: called 'Ambulating' in SUMO. SUMO: Any BodyMotion which is accomplished by means of the legs of an Animal for the purpose of moving from one point to another. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ambulate' and noun sense 1 of 'ambulation' in WordNet: 1. ambulate - (walk about; not be bedridden or incapable of walking) WN noun 'ambulation': 1. ambulation - (walking about; 'the hospital encouraged early ambulation')
Super-classes	LocomotionEvent-Animal^c Locomotion-SolidSurface^c WholeBodyMovement^c ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some TakingAStep^c
Sub-classes	Skating^c Hopping^c AscendingStairs^c MountingSomething^c CrawlingOnLegs^c Skipping^c Footstep^c DanceStep^c AmbulatingThroughaPlace^c Gait^c ClimbingaLadder^c

Ambush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambush`
Description	This sense of ''Ambush'' is the attack itself that follows the'waiting' prelude of ''Ambushing''. `This is a noun representing an Action, but the WN noun and verb glosses do not appear to represent the same concept. Needs more analysis and examples is usage. Perhaps the actual attack is not represented by either WN sense??? Create a 'CatchInAnAmbush' Action for the attack??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambush' in WordNet: 1. (5) ambush, ambuscade, lying in wait, trap - (the act of concealing yourself and lying in wait to attack by surprise)`
Super-classes	MilitaryAttack^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c isCausedBy^op value Ambushing^c

Ambushing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ambushing`
Description	This ''Ambushing'' is a lying in wait with the intention of attacking an enemy by surprise (i.e. to execute an ''Ambush''). The attack itself may not follow, if the enemy does not appear when expected. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambush' in WordNet: 1. (2) ambush, scupper, bushwhack, waylay, lurk, ambuscade, lie in wait - (wait in hiding to attack)`
Super-classes	Waiting^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Ambush^c

Amen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amen

Description

The utterance of the interjection ''Amen'', expressing agreement with what has been said, usually while another person is speaking.

   RHW interjection 'amen': it is so; so be it (used after a prayer, creed, or other formal statement
         to express solemn ratification or agreement).
   No sense in Wordnet.

Super-classes Interjection^c

Amenable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amenable`
Description	''Amenable'' is the attribute of a Person who is disposed to 'comply' in some sense. Rather vague. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amenable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) amenable, conformable - (disposed or willing to comply; 'someone amenable to persuasion')`
Super-classes	Agreeable^c
Sub-classes	Persuadable^c

Amending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amending`
Description	''Amending'' is ''Revising'' of some abstract ''ConceptualWork'' that is formal in being agreed to or relevant to more than one Person. This is usually a change of text, but could be addition or deletion of graphical material. `The 'amendment' added may or may not be an improvement or a correction. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'amend' in WordNet: 1. (9) amend - (make amendments to; 'amend the document') WN nuun 'amendment;: 1. (6) amendment - (the act of amending or correcting)`
Super-classes	Revising^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Version^c produced^op value Amendment^c hadObjectModified^op some AbstractDocument^c

Amendment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amendment`
Description	An ''Amendment'' is an ''AbstractSymbolicObject'' that has been added to an ''AbstractDcment'' in an ''Amending'' Action. It will typically be text,but could be an image added or deleted from the original document. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'amendment' in WordNet: 2. (1) amendment - (a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.))`
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op only Amending^c isaPartOf^op only AbstractDocument^c

Amenity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amenity`
Description	CYC: Features conducive to material comfort or convenience, or that enhance the value of a #$HumanOccupationConstruct. `Approximately equivalent to RHW sense 2 of 'amenity': any feature that provides comfort, convenience, or pleasure: The house has a swimming pool, two fireplaces, and other amenities. also including RHW sense 4: amenities, lavatory; bathroom: used as a euphemism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amenities' in WordNet: 1. comforts, creature comforts, amenities, conveniences - (things that make you comfortable and at ease; "all the comforts of home")`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce^op value Comfort^c isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce^op value Pleasure^c
Sub-classes	Restroom^c

American^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#American

Description

''American'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''UnitedStatesOfAmerica'', its territory, its citizens,and anything distinctive related to the USA.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'American' in Wordnet:
            1. (118) American - (of or relating to the United States of America
               or its people or language or culture; 'American citizens'; 
               'American English'; 'the American dream')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AmericanElk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmericanElk`
Description	The ''AmericanElk'' is a large ''Deer'' of western North America. `RHW: 2. Also called American elk, wapiti. a large North American deer, Cervus canadensis, the male of which has large, spreading antlers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'American elk' in WordNet: 1. wapiti, American elk, Cervus canadensis - (large North American deer with large much-branched antlers)`
Super-classes	Deer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasTypicalHabitat^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthAmericaRegion^c

AmericanIndian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmericanIndian`
Description	Each ''AmericanIndian'' is a person who is a member of or dominantly descended from some native North or South American tribe. This is for any North and South American natives. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'American Indian' and sense 1 of 'native american' in Wordnet: 1. Indian, American Indian, Red Indian - (a member of the race of people living in America when Europeans arrived) WN noun 'native american': 1. Amerindian, Native American - (any member of the peoples living in North or South America before the Europeans arrived)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op only NativeAmericans^c
Sub-classes	CherokeePerson^c Athapaskan^c Eskimo^c

AmericanSignLanguage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmericanSignLanguage

Description

''AmericanSignLanguage''is a ''SignLanguage'' that uses English grammar and is used in the United States.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'American sign language' in WordNet:
         1. ASL, American sign language - (the sign language used in the United States)

Super-classes SignLanguage^c

Americium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Americium

Description

COSMO note: this is a ''PhysicalSubstance'', wereas in CYC substances are objects made of a substance. not an object.

    CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is
        a RadioactiveObject of #$Americium; typically, these will be
        tightly bound into solid form.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'americium' in WordNet:
           1. americium, Am, atomic number 95 -
             (a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by 
             bombarding uranium with helium atoms)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Amiable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amiable

Description

''Amiable'' is the attribute of a Person who is disposed to try to be friendly to or to please other people. A more intensive subtype of ''Friendly''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amiable' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) amiable, good-humored, good-humoured -
             (disposed to please; 'an amiable villain with a cocky sidelong grin'- Hal Hinson)

Super-classes Friendly^c

Amine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amine`
Description	An 'amine' is an ''OrganicCompound'' containing a ''NitrogenAtom'' that is bonded to one, two,or three carbon atoms, none of which is the carbon of carbonyl group (=C=O). Such nitrogen groups have a 'basic' (as contrasterd with 'acidic') character and can bind postive hydrogen ions to become positively charged (although other groups in a molecule can be negatively charged, affecting the overall ionic character of the molecule. Subtypes are primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. `CYC: Organic #$Nitrogen compounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amine' in WordNet: 1. amine, aminoalkane - (a compound derived from ammonia by replacing hydrogen atoms by univalent hydrocarbon radicals)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Nitrogen^c
Sub-classes	Catecholamine^c PrimaryAmine^c Amphetamine^c Thyroxine^c

AminoAcid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AminoAcid`
Description	CYC: A collection of organic compounds that are the building blocks for #$ProteinMolecules. #$AminoAcids contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. One way to partition this collection is according to the side chains: acidic, basic, uncharged polar, and nonpolar. Another collection division is that of amino acids required for protein synthesis and not synthesized by humans, essential amino acids, and those amino acids required for protein synthesis but are synthesized by humans, non-essential amino acids. The alpha-amino acids that form the building blocks (monomer units) of proteins are a subtype of this category, having an amino group on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group. Some amino acids have more than one amine group. SUMO: Organic acids that are the building blocks of Proteins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amino acid' in WordNet: 1. (1) amino acid, aminoalkanoic acid - (organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group; 'proteins are composed of various proportions of about 20 common amino acids')
Super-classes	OrganicAcid^c ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Lysine^c AsparticAcid^c Cysteine^c Asparagine^c Leucine^c

AminoAcidUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AminoAcidUnit`
Description	An ''AtomGroup'' that is part of a ''Protein''. The free linked compound is an ''AminoAcid'', each unit of which loses the elements of water when it is linked into a polymer. `@@ToDo! NOTE that the restriction requires extending the range of the relation to include Objects - need a new relation. @ToDo: this entity should be defined by a restriction on types, not instances.`
Super-classes	AtomGroup^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Protein^c

AminoGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AminoGroup`
Description	An AtomGroup that is part of a larger Molecule, consisting of a nitrogen bound to two hydrogens, and in which the nitrogen is also bound to another atom: the amine group (-NH2). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amino group' in WordNet: 1. amino, amino group - (the radical -NH2)`
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasChemicalFormula^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NH2^c

Amish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amish

Description

''Amish'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''AmishPerson''s or their manners objects associated with them.

        No Adjective sense for ''Amish'' in WN.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AmishPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmishPerson

Description

       NOTE: the term ''Amish'' is used to refer to the Amish people
         collectively as well as individually.  Some Amish 
         are included in the 'Pennsylvania Dutch' communities in
         Pennsylvania.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Amish' in WordNet:
          1. Amish - (an American follower of the Mennonite religion)

Super-classes MennonitePerson^c

Ammonia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ammonia

Description

The compound with one ''Nitrogen'' bound to three ''Hydrogen'' atoms in each molecule - NH3. In the free state it is a gas at r00m temperature and atmospheric pressure ('STP'), but easily dissolves in water to produce a basic solution. Forms salts with acids, some of which are useful for various purposes, including as ''Fertilizer''s. For the household 'ammonia' solution use ''AmmoniaWater''.

      CYC: The collection of all volumes of ammonia gas, NH3.
        This collection does not refer to the household product
        called ammonia, which is a solution or #$Ammonia in #$Water.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ammonia' in WordNet:
         1. (2) ammonia - (a pungent gas compounded of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3))

Super-classes InorganicChemical^c
Gas^c
ToxicSubstance^c
ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c
Electrolyte^c

AmmoniaWater^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmmoniaWater

Description

''AmmoniaWater'' is an aqueous solution of ''Ammonia'' in ''Water'' at an indefined concentration,but sufficient to have perceptible ammonia odor and be useful for household cleaning and other purposes.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ammonia water' in WordNet:
         1. ammonia water, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide - (a water solution of ammonia)

Super-classes InorganicChemical^c
LiquidMixture^c

Ammunition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ammunition`
Description	This ''Ammunition'' is the collective term for all projectiles fired from some projectile launcher, including shells for guns and arrows for bows. `Includes but is broader than (includes arrows) noun sense 1 of 'ammunition' in WordNet: 1. (11) ammunition, ammo - (projectiles to be fired from a gun)`
Super-classes	Weaponry^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (ProjectileShellAssembly^c or Arrow^c)

Amnesia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amnesia`
Description	A ''Amnesia'' is a MentalState that is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which a Person has forgotten and cannot remember significantly more than the common number of things that people may forget. At its most intense form, a Person may forget anything about who s/he is or where they came from. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amnesia' in WordNet: 1. amnesia, memory loss, blackout - (partial or total loss of memory; 'he has a total blackout for events of the evening')`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c MentalState^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op some Memory^c hasSubEvent^op value Forgetting^c wasExperiencedBy^op some Person^c

Amnesty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amnesty`
Description	NOTE: the 'amnesty' senses 1 and 2 have different parent types in WordNet, but appear to have the same meaning. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'amnesty' in WordNet: 1. amnesty - (a period during which offenders are exempt from punishment) 2. pardon, amnesty - (a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense)`
Super-classes	Exemption^c GoodThing^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op value Offender^c isGoodFor^op value Person^c isaFreedomFrom^op value BearingPunishment^c

Amoeba^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amoeba

Description

CYC: A collection of #$Protozoan distinguished by having no definite form and consisting of a mass of protoplasm containing one or more nuclei surrounded by a flexible outer membrane. It moves by means of pseudopods. Some instances are instances of #$ParasiticOrganism.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amoeba' in WordNet:
           1. ameba, amoeba - (naked freshwater or marine or parasitic protozoa
             that form temporary pseudopods for feeding and locomotion)

Super-classes Rhizopod^c

Amorphous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amorphous

Description

''Amorphous'' characterizes Objects that have a ''Shape'' that is unfamiliar and ''Ill-defined'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amorphous' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) amorphous, formless, shapeless - (having no definite form or distinct shape;
              'amorphous clouds of insects'; 'an aggregate of formless particles';
              'a shapeless mass of protoplasm')

Super-classes Ill-defined^c

AmorphousShape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmorphousShape`
Description	A ''AmorphousShape'' is a ''Shape'' that does not appear like any familiar Object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amorphous shape' in WordNet: 1. amorphous shape - (an ill-defined or arbitrary shape)`
Super-classes	Shape^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ill-defined^c
Sub-classes	Blob^c

AmortizingaDebt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmortizingaDebt

Description

'AmortizingaDebt'' is a ''RepayingWithMoney'' by means of periodic payments, each paying both an amount of interest and a part of the principal of a debt. Typical repayment method for home mortgages.

      In CYC Amortization'.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'amortize' and senses 1 and 2 of
        'amortization' the two senses being facets of the same Action) in WordNet:
        1. amortize, amortise - (liquidate gradually)
      WN noun 'amortization':
        1. amortization, amortisation - (the reduction of the value of an asset 
            by prorating its cost over a period of years)
        2. amortization, amortisation - (payment of an obligation in a series 
           of installments or transfers)

Super-classes RepayingWithMoney^c

AmountPerTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmountPerTime`
Description	''AmountPerTime'' is a ''RateMeasure'' used to specify how many things (objects or weight) are processed in some way per unit time. For industrial productions this can be tons per year or units (e.g. automobiles) per year. This can be used as a measure of production capacity for any number of different types of production.
Super-classes	RateMeasure^c ConstantQuantity^c

Amoxicillin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amoxicillin

Description

The chemical compound which is an antibiotic. A beta-lactam derivative of Penicillin. Somewhat less suscrptible to bacterial lactamases than is Penicillin, and still (2019) widely used though resisted by some multiply resistant bacterial strains such as 'MRSA'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amoxicillin' in WordNet:
          1. amoxicillin, Amoxil, Larotid, Polymox, Trimox, Augmentin - 
            (an antibiotic; a semisynthetic oral penicillin (trade names Amoxil 
              and Larotid and Polymox and Trimox and Augmentin) used to treat
              bacterial infections)

Super-classes Antibiotic^c

Ampere^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ampere

Description

SI electric current measure. Symbol: A. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the Ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 Meter apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2*10^(-7) Newton per Meter of length.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ampere' and sense 1 of 'amp'  in WordNet, 
             but includes sense 1 for older texts:
          1. ampere, international ampere - (a former unit of electric current
              (slightly smaller than the SI ampere))
          2. ampere, amp, A - (the basic unit of electric current adopted 
             under the Systeme International d'Unites; 'a typical household circuit
             carries 15 to 50 amps')

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Ampersand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ampersand`
Description	An''Ampersand''is a 'PunctuationMark' having approximately the same meaning as the word 'and'. It has various typographical forms. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ampersand' in WordNet: 1. ampersand - (a punctuation mark (&) used to represent conjunction (and))`
Super-classes	PunctuationMark^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#and^c

Amphetamine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amphetamine

Description

Drugs which are used to reduce the appetite while dieting and/or to treat colds or hay fever. This type is for the base compound C9H13N; derivatives exist.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amphetamine' in WordNet:
           1. amphetamine, pep pill, upper, speed -
             (a central nervous system stimulant that increases energy 
               and decreases appetite; used to treat narcolepsy and some forms of depression)

Super-classes Stimulant^c
DrugProduct^c
Amine^c
AddictiveSubstance^c

Amphibian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amphibian`
Description	A specialization of #$Poikilotherm and #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Amphibian isa a cold-blodded and smooth-skinned vertebrate that hatches from an egg to form an aquatic larva (see #$Larva), which then metamorphoses into an air-breathing adult (see #$AirBreathingVertebrate). Important subcollections include #$Frog and #$Salamander. `SUMO: A cold-blooded, smooth-skinned Vertebrate which characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva, breathing by gills. When mature, the Amphibian breathes with Lungs. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet: 3. amphibian - (cold-blooded vertebrate typically living on land but breeding in water; aquatic larvae undergo metamorphosis into adult form)`
Super-classes	ColdBloodedVertebrate^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	Tadpole^c Toad^c Frog^c Salamander^c

Amplifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amplifier`
Description	CYC: A collection of devices; a subset of ElectronicComponent. Each instance of Amplifier is a device used for increasing the amplitude of a signal passing through it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amplifier' in WordNet: 1. (1) amplifier - (electronic equipment that increases strength of signals passing through it)`
Super-classes	ElectronicComponent^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal^c
Sub-classes	Maser^c

AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal`
Description	''AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal'' is an ''Intensifying'' of the strength (voltage or current) of some electronic signal, which may be for the purpose of transmitting a signal or sending out sounds or light waves or radio waves. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'amplify' in WordNet: 4. amplify - (increase the volume of; 'amplify sound')`
Super-classes	Intensifying^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Amplifier^c
Sub-classes	AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation^c

AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation`
Description	''AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation''is a form of ''AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal'' where the signal is ''MicrowaveRadiation''.
Super-classes	AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value WaveIntensityMeasure^c hadObjectModified^op value MicrowaveRadiation^c usesDeviceType^op value Maser^c

AmplifyingaSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmplifyingaSound`
Description	''AmplifyingaSound'' is an ''Intensifying'' of the strength of some sound waves. This can occur in various ways, usually involving reflection or direction of sound or both.
Super-classes	Intensifying^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Sound^c causesIncreaseIn^op value SoundIntensityMeasure^c

Amplitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amplitude`
Description	An ''Amplitude'' is a ''MeasurableQuantity'' that specifies the size of the difference between a base level and the maximum level of the physical aspect of a 'wave'. This includes electromagnetic (light, radio waves), sound, or surface waves, as on a BodyOfWater. This is a general concept and the units in which it is expressed will differ with the type of 'wave' characterized. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amplitude' in WordNet: 1. (6) amplitude - ((physics) the maximum displacement of a periodic wave)`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c MeasurableQuantity^c
Restrictions	isaMeasureOf^op some (Wave^c or Wave-Liquid^c or WavePropagationEvent^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	LightIntensityMeasure^c SoundIntensityMeasure^c
In range of	hasWaveIntensity^op

Ampule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ampule`
Description	This type ''Ampule'' is a specialization of ''Vial'' that is used for completely closed glass containers that have no cap and need to be broken (at a narrrow neck) to remove the contents CYC:The Collection of all ampules. An ampule is a small, completely-sealed glass tube that is broken to release the contents. (e.g., smelling salts, or measured saline solution for asthma spiration machines.) NOTE: although WN has this as a subtype of ''Bottle'', a ''Bottle''in COSMO has a removable and replaceable top cap. An ''Ampule'' often does not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ampule' in WordNet: 1. phial, vial, ampule, ampul, ampoule - (a small bottle that contains a drug (especially a sealed sterile container for injection by needle)) .
Super-classes	SmallObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value AdministeringaDrug^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Amputation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amputation`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'amputate' in WordNet: 1. (2) amputate, cut off - (remove surgically; 'amputate limbs') WN noun 'amputation': 2. amputation - (a surgical removal of all or part of a limb)`
Super-classes	SurgicalRemoval^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some LimbType^c

Amu^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amu

Description

Atomic mass unit. Symbol: u. It is the mass of the twelfth part of an atom of the Carbon 12 isotope.

    No Wordnet entry.

Super-classes MassMeasure^c

Amused^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amused`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amused' in Wordnet: 1. (1) amused, diverted, entertained - (pleasantly occupied; 'We are not amused' -Queen Victoria)`
Super-classes	Relaxed^c

Amusement-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amusement-Feeling`
Description	The emotion experienced when one finds something funny or amusing. Usually people laugh or at least smile when they are amused. This also corresponds to part of the sense of 'fun': to 'have fun' is to be amused; 'I did it for the fun of it' suggests that 'fun' is a Feeling resulting from an amusing Event. However, this sense of 'fun' is not directly in WordNet, though it is implied by the examples given (see below). `For amusement causing laughter use 'Mirth'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amusement', and to part of sense 1 of 'fun' in WordNet: 1. (3) amusement - (a feeling of delight at being entertained) WN 'fun' 1. (9) fun, merriment, playfulness - (activities that are enjoyable or amusing; 'I do it for the fun of it'; 'he is fun to have around')`
Super-classes	Entertained-Emotion^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Amused^c
Sub-classes	Mirth^c Jolliness^c

AmusementEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmusementEvent`
Description	An AmusementEvent is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to experience Amusement-Feeling. The Event causing Amusement does not necessarily have to be an action of a cognitive agent, because amusement can occur due to naturally occurring events involving inanimate objects. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'amusement', noun sense 1 of 'fun' and both senses of verb 'amuse' in WordNet: WN 'amusement': 2. (1) entertainment, amusement - (an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention) WN 'amuse': 1. (6) amuse, divert, disport - (occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion; 'The play amused the ladies') 2. (1) amuse - (make (somebody) laugh; 'The clown amused the children') WN 'fun' 1. (9) fun, merriment, playfulness - (activities that are enjoyable or amusing; 'I do it for the fun of it'; 'he is fun to have around')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Amusement-Feeling^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Amused^c hasAttributeValue^op value Amusing^c
Sub-classes	CausingDeepLaughter^c KiddingAround^c Prank^c FunnyEvent^c

AmusementPark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmusementPark`
Description	CYC: The collection of all amusement parks. An amusement park can be as elaborate and permanent as #$Disneyworld-TouristAttraction or as makeshift and transitory as amusement parks whose facilities are moved from location to location during the summer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amusement park' in WordNet: 1. (1) amusement park, funfair, pleasure ground - (a commercially operated park with stalls and shows for amusement)`
Super-classes	LeisureFacility^c OutdoorRecreationArea^c TouristAttraction^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value AmusementParkRide^c
Sub-classes	ThemePark^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disneyland

AmusementParkRide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmusementParkRide`
Description	Devices which move people around a fixed area for amusement. Usually found at carnivals and amusement parks. `Smaller versions of Ferris wheels An ''Carousel''s may be temporarily constructed at carnivals, but the larger ones tend to be in fixed locations at ''AmusementPark''s Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ride' in WordNet: 2. ride - (a mechanical device that you ride for amusement or excitement)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SupportingConveyance^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value AmusementPark^c
Sub-classes	RollerCoaster^c Carousel^c FerrisWheel^c

Amusing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Amusing`
Description	An attribute of events or texts (abstract or physical) that cause 'Amusement-Feeling' to at least one IntelligentAgent. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'amusing' in WordNet, and sense 2 ('funny') is a more specific subtype: in Wordnet: 1. (7) amusing, amusive, diverting, fun - (providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining; 'an amusing speaker'; 'a diverting story'; 'a fun thing to do') 2. amusing, comic, comical, funny, laughable, mirthful, risible - (arousing or provoking laughter; 'an amusing film with a steady stream of pranks and pratfalls'; 'an amusing fellow'; 'a comic hat'; 'a comical look of surprise'; 'funny stories that made everybody laugh'; 'a very funny writer'; 'it would have been laughable if it hadn't hurt so much'; 'a mirthful experience'; 'risible courtroom antics')
Super-classes	Entertaining^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value AmusementEvent^c
Sub-classes	Funny^c

AnabaptistPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnabaptistPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Anabaptist' in WordNet: 1. (2) Anabaptist - (adherent of Anabaptism)`
Super-classes	ProtestantPerson^c
Sub-classes	MennonitePerson^c

AnabolicSteroid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnabolicSteroid

Description

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anabolic steroid' in WordNet:
            1. anabolic steroid - (any of a group of synthetic steroid hormones 
               used to stimulate muscle and bone growth; more than 100 have been developed
               and each requires a prescription to be used legally in the United States; 
               sometimes used illicitly by athletes to increase their strength)

Super-classes SteroidalDrug^c

Anaconda^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anaconda

Description

SUMO: A very large Boa that is found in South America.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anaconda' in WordNet:
        1. (18) anaconda, Eunectes murinus - (large arboreal boa of tropical South America)

Super-classes Constrictor^c

Anaerobic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anaerobic

Description

''Anaerobic'' is the contrasting type to ''Aerobic'' for organisms, those not requiring Oxygen for survival. Mostly used of ''Bacterium''s.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anaerobic' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) anaerobic, anaerobiotic - (living or active in the absence of free oxygen; 
             'anaerobic bacteria')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AnalAdministration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnalAdministration`
Description	Inserting a drug into the Rectum.
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c AdministeringaDrug^c
Restrictions	isIntoInteriorOf^op some Rectum^c hadThingTransferred^op some Suppository^c

Analgesic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Analgesic`
Description	Drugs which are used to reduce or relieve pain. RelievingPain `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'analgesic' in WordNet: 1. analgesic, anodyne, painkiller, pain pill - (a medicine used to relieve pain)`
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c Role^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value PainOrAche^c hasDesignFunction^op value RelievingPain^c
Sub-classes	NarcoticDrug^c Aspirin^c Ibuprofen^c

Analogizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Analogizing`
Description	''Analogizing'' is the Actions of making an ''Analogy'' between (usually two) Things, including an inference that because two things are similar in one respect they should be similar in some other respect. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'analogize' and noun sense 2 of 'analogy' in WordNet: 1. analogize, analogise - (make an analogy) WN noun 'analogy': 2. (2) analogy - (drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect; 'the operation of a computer presents an interesting analogy to the working of the brain'; 'the models show by analogy how matter is built up')`
Super-classes	Inferring^c Comparing^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Analogy^c

Analogous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Analogous

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'analogous' in Wordnet:
         1. (12) analogous, correspondent - (similar or equivalent in some respects 
           though otherwise dissimilar; 'brains and computers are often considered analogous';
           'salmon roe is marketed as analogous to caviar')

Super-classes Comparable^c

Analogue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Analogue

Description

An 'Analogue' is a Role that something (object, event) can play when it is analogous in some way to something else.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'analogue' and sense 1 of 'parallel' in WordNet:
       1. (5) analogue, analog, parallel - (something having the property of being 
           analogous to something else)

Super-classes Role^c

Analogy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Analogy`
Description	An ''Analogy'' is a ''Comparison'' that is created by an ''Analogizing'' Action, that asserts a similarity in some Attribute between two or more things based on some similarity(s) in another Attribute(s). This is a 'Conclusion'' in the sense that it is an assertion that the ''Comparng'' action reached a conclusion of significant similarity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'analogy' in WordNet: 1. (2) analogy - (an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others)`
Super-classes	Comparison^c Conclusion^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Similarity^c wasCreatedByEvent^op some Analogizing^c

AnalysisOfVariance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnalysisOfVariance`
Description	An 'AnalysisOfVariance'' is a ''StatisticalProcedure'' that investigates variations treated in mathematical descriptions of Events that involve two or more ''VariableQuantity''s and includes comparisons of their behavior to find a measure of statistical significance of differences. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'analysis of variance' in WordNet: 1. analysis of variance, ANOVA - (a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables)`
Super-classes	MultivariateAnalysis^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value StatisticalSignificance^c

Analyst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Analyst`
Description	An ''Analyst'' is a Person who specializes in analyzing data to find patterns and possibly to make predictions about future behavior of things similar to those analyzed. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'analyst' in WordNet: 1. (9) analyst - (someone who is skilled at analyzing data) 2. analyst - (an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions)`
Super-classes	Specialist^c
Restrictions	isSkilledAt^op value DataAnalysis^c
Sub-classes	Meteorologist^c

Analytical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Analytical`
Description	''Analytical'' is broad attribute applied to ''Mental'' Actions that are used some manner of ''AnalyzingSomething'' or objects used in analysis or the results of analysis. This refers to Mental processes that explicitly and consciously consider the parts of things and their relations to infer conclusions allowing specification of the individual steps used in reaching a conclusion from input information, though the process need not use formal logic explicitly. This attribute therefore contrasts with ''Intuitive'' Mental processes in which the mind does not attempt to use mathematical or logical methods, but rapidly draws consclusions from one or more pieces of information or feelings in a manner that does not conduce to explaining the explicit considerations leading to the conclusion. This includes the notion of 'fact-based', which, in this representation requires some logical process beyond just reference to past experience. This dichotomy is similar to the 'slow' part described by Kahnemann in the book " Thinking Fast and Slow ". `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'analytical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) analytic, analytical - (using or skilled in using analysis (i.e., separating a whole - intellectual or substantial - into its elemental parts or basic principles); 'an analytic experiment'; 'an analytic approach'; 'a keenly analytic man'; 'analytical reasoning'; 'an analytical mind')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c Mental^c
Sub-classes	Logical^c

AnalyticalSample^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnalyticalSample`
Description	An AnalyticalSample is a quantity of matter which is the object if investigation in an AnalyticalTest.
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalObject^c

AnalyticalSection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnalyticalSection`
Description	Each ''AnalyticalSlice'' is a ''Part'' of a ''PhysicalObject'' such as a piece of tissue, prepared for the purpose of analysis or testing. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'section' in WordNet: 2. (31) section - (a very thin slice (of tissue or mineral or other substance) for examination under a microscope; 'sections from the left ventricle showed diseased tissue')`
Super-classes	Part^c SliceOfSomething^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some PhysicalObject^c

AnalyticalTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnalyticalTest`
Description	An AnalyticalTest is a chemical,biochemical, or physical test having its purpose the detection or measurement of the levels of some PhysicalSubstance (''SubstanceType'') in some sample. Instances of AnalyticalTest are intended solely to measure some aspect of chemical composition; any measurement of physical properties of a sample are incidental to the ultimate purpose. This type of test, though measuring chemical substancs, may be used to determine the likely presence of some biological organism or virus that leaves traces in the tissues. NOTE that tests intended to measure the properties of some object or substance, such as a hardness test or a melting point test, are not instances of AnalyticalTest. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis can be broken out as subtpes. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'test' and includes 'chemical analysis' and 'quantitative analysis' in WordNet: 2. (103) test, trial, run - (the act of testing something; 'in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately'; 'he called each flip of the coin a new trial') WN noun 'chemical analysis': 1. chemical analysis, qualitative analysis - (the act of decomposing a substance into its constituent elements) WN noun 'quantitative analysis': 1. quantitative analysis, quantitative chemical analysis - (chemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance) WN noun 'assay': 4. assay - (a quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components; frequently used to test for the presence or concentration of infectious agents or antibodies etc.)
Super-classes	Measuring^c ExperimentalTest^c AnalyzingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op some ConcentrationMeasure^c hadObjectMeasured^op only (Object^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or Group^c)
Sub-classes	Spectroscopy^c ClinicalAnalyticalTest^c

AnalyzingGroupProperties^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnalyzingGroupProperties`
Description	''AnalyzingGroupProperties'' is a ''Detecting' (using any bodily sense or computer input, with or without instruments, or just reading information about things), of the properties of elements of a Group, followed by ''Recognizing' which properties are similar, and then ''Analyzing'' the similarities and differences specifically intended to determine which properties (or types) of elements of a Group are significant for some purpose, and then deciding which properties are sufficiently significant to warrant creating a 'category' for that property, and then deciding what Subgroups to create (to create Categories having a common property or parent type), all as a first step in ''Categorizing'' those elements by ''Assigning' them to the appropriate categories created. This step creates the ''Sort''s that are ''MentalObject''s specifying the characteristics for each ''SortedGroup'' that will be filled by a following ''Classifying'' Action This type of action is required for ''Categorizing'' but this is not necessarily a part of a ''Categorizing'' Action, if not followed by the ''Sorting''. The ''Assigning' step is separate from the 'Analyzing' step. This is also part of the operations performed by a computer in ''Clustering'. The relations are: Categorizing has subEvents AnalyzingGroupProperties and Sorting, and creates a ''Classification'' - a Group of SortedGroups (created by the ''Sorting'' subEvent). Corresponds to only parts of verbs 'detect' and 'recognize' and 'analyze' in Wordnet; WN verb 'analyze': in WordNet: 1. (21) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas - (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; 'analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare'; 'analyze the evidence in a criminal trial'; 'analyze your real motives')
Super-classes	AnalyzingSomething^c Recognizing^c Detecting^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Categorizing^c hadObjectAnalyzed^op some Group^c produces^op some Sort^c
Sub-classes	OpinionPoll^c

AnalyzingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnalyzingSomething`
Description	This is a broad sense of 'analyze' including gathering information or experimental data and examination of data and subjecting the data to any of various methods to extract information about the thing being studied. CYC: A specialization of #$ConsciousActivity and #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent: the collection of all events that involve considering something (real or imaginary) in detail in order to understand features of it. Examples include analyzing a sonnet, evidence or a spreadsheet. See also #$Evaluating, which is less a matter of pure ratiocination (but may involve, for instance, affective responses), and which also differs in being essentially directed towards an existing thing. This includes as subtypes ''AnalyticalTest'' and ''ClinicalAnalyticalTest''/ Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'analysis' and verb senses in WordNet: 1. (47) analysis - (an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole) 2. (5) analysis, analytic thinking - (the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations) WN verb 'analyse': 1. (2) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas - (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; 'analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare'; 'analyze the evidence in a criminal trial'; 'analyze your real motives') 2. analyze, analyse - (break down into components or essential features; 'analyze today's financial market') 3. analyze, analyse, break down, dissect, take apart - (make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features; 'analyze a specimen'; 'analyze a sentence'; 'analyze a chemical compound')
Super-classes	Studying^c Investigation^c InformationGathering^c
Restrictions	hadObjectAnalyzed^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Diagnosing^c Troubleshooting^c CheckingUpOnSomething^c DataAnalysis^c AnalyzingGroupProperties^c MedicalTesting^c SequencingaBiopolymer^c AnalyticalTest^c BiologicalTest^c Bioassay^c AuditingaFinancialDocument^c

Anarchism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anarchism`
Description	''Anarchism'' is an ''IdeologicalBelief'' that holds that governments should not rule, and any existing should be abolished. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anarchist' in WordNet: 1. anarchism - (a political theory favoring the abolition of governments)`
Super-classes	PoliticalIdeologicalBelief^c
Restrictions	wasSupportedByAgent^op value Anarchist^c

Anarchist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anarchist`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who believe in #$Anarchism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anarchist' in WordNet: 1. (1) anarchist, nihilist, syndicalist - (an advocate of anarchism)`
Super-classes	Radical^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op value Anarchism^c

Anarchy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anarchy`
Description	A complete or near complete lack of political order. A person who believes in #$Anarchism would prefer #$Anarchy over any other system of government. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anarchy' in WordNet: 1. (2) anarchy, lawlessness - (a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government))`
Super-classes	Disorder^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Orderliness^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value LawEnforcementActivity^c

Anatomical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anatomical

Description

''Anatomical'' is an AttributeValue of pertaining to ''Anatomical'' and parts of th body in general.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'anatomical' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) anatomic, anatomical - (of or relating to the structure of the body; 'anatomical features')
          2. anatomic, anatomical - (of or relating to the branch of morphology
                that studies the structure of organisms; 'anatomical research')

Super-classes Biological^c

AnatomicalStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnatomicalStructure`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anatomical structure' in WordNet: 1. structure, anatomical structure, complex body part, bodily structure, body structure - (a particular complex anatomical part; 'he has good bone structure')`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c BodyPart^c
Sub-classes	CartilaginousStructure^c SkeletalStructure^c Germ^c NeuralStructure^c

AnatomicalVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnatomicalVessel`
Description	CYC: The collection of all anatomical vessels in #$Animals. Instances of this collection are tubular animal tissue which acts as a conduit for body fluids or substances passing into or out of the body. `In SUMO called 'BodyVessel' SUMO: Any tube-like structure which occurs naturally in an Organism and through which a BodySubstance can circulate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vessel' in WordNet: 1. (6) vessel, vas - (a tube in which a body fluid circulates)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c BodyPassageway^c AnimalBodyPart^c Pipe-GenericConduit^c
Sub-classes	Nostril^c Trachea^c Ileum^c InsectProboscis^c Uterus^c Colon-BodyPart^c Jejunum^c BloodVessel^c Duodenum^c Larynx^c LargeIntestine^c UmbilicalCord^c SmallIntestine^c Cochlea^c Throat^c Rectum^c Duct^c Cecum^c Esophagus^c VasDeferens^c

Anatomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anatomy`
Description	''Anatomy'' is the science that studies the structure of Organisms. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anatomy' in WordNet: 1. (4) anatomy, general anatomy - (the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals)`
Super-classes	Morphology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value AnatomicalStructure^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Animal^c

Ancestor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ancestor`
Description	An 'Ancestor' is a Person who is in some sense a 'mother' or 'father' of the reference Person, or of one of his/her ancestors. The Mother or Father relation is generic, and not necessarily biological. So a child of an adopted child will be a grandchild, and the person who adopted one's parent is an Ancestor - more specifically, a Grandparent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ancestor' in WordNet: 1. (2) ancestor, ascendant, ascendent, antecedent, root - (someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent))`
Super-classes	Kinsman^c
Sub-classes	Mother^c

Ancestral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ancestral

Description

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'ancestral' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) ancestral, hereditary, patrimonial, transmissible -
               (inherited or inheritable by established rules (usually legal rules) of descent;
               'ancestral home'; 'ancestral lore'; 'hereditary monarchy'; 'patrimonial estate';
               'transmissible tradition')
          2. ancestral - (of or belonging to or inherited from an ancestor)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AncestralCulture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AncestralCulture`
Description	A specialization of #$HumanCulture, each instance of which is a culture whose core participants identify themselves as descendants of some common ancestors. An ancestral culture is characterized by its development as part of, and in response to, the experiences of such an ancestral group. For example, there are instances of #$AncestralCulture associated with #$AfricanAmericanPerson and the #$EthnicGroupOfSerbians.
Super-classes	Culture^c

Ancestry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ancestry`
Description	A person's ''Ancestry'', which includes the parents,grandparents, great- grandparents as far back as it is possible to trace the line of descent.. This represents all of the people from which one person has descended. The WN synset has terms suggesting that as the meaning, but the gloss suggests that this is the descendents rather than ancestors of one person. This type is for the ancestors, not the descendents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ancestry' in WordNet: 1. (3) lineage, line, line of descent, descent, bloodline, blood line, blood, pedigree, ancestry, origin, parentage, stemma, stock - (the descendants of one individual; 'his entire lineage has been warriors')
Super-classes	KinshipGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Grandparent^c hasComponentElement^op value Parent^c

Anchor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anchor`
Description	An ''Anchor'' depends for its size on the size of the Boat that it is used in; smaller boats require smaller anchors, even some so small they can be held in one hand (a ''SmallObject''). Not all anchors have the classical shaft and semicircle shape, but they can be considered 'curved' in some sense. `This is for metal anchors. If others exist, this would have to be modified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anchor' in WordNet: 1. (3) anchor, ground tackle - (a mechanical device that prevents a vessel from moving)`
Super-classes	CurvedObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value BecomingSnagged^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c

Anchored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anchored

Description

''Anchored'' is the attribute of a PhysicalObject that has experienced a ''AnchoringaBoat'' Action.

       No WN sense for 'anchored'

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

AnchoringaBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnchoringaBoat`
Description	'AnchoringaBoat'' is an Action in which a ''Boat'' of any size is 'fstened' to the bottomof a ''BodyOfWater'' by means of an ''Anchor'' and anchor chain. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'anchor' in Wordnet: 2. (3) anchor, cast anchor, drop anchor - (secure a vessel with an anchor; 'We anchored at Baltimore')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c Fastening^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Anchor^c hadObjectFastened^op value Boat^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Anchored^c

Anchorite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anchorite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anchorite' in WordNet: 1. anchorite, hermit - (one retired from society for religious reasons)`
Super-classes	ReligiousOrderMember^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value ReligiousOrder^c

Anchorperson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anchorperson

Description

a person who anchors a news program on television or radio.

        Corresponds to (male or female) noun sense 1 of 'anchorperson' in WordNet:
          1. anchor, anchorman, anchorperson - (a television reporter 
             who coordinates a broadcast to which several correspondents contribute)

Super-classes Newscaster^c
NewsShowHost^c

Anchovies^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anchovies

Description

The Food prepared from the ''Anchovy'' fish, usually packed tightly in a small can.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anchovy' in WordNet:
          1. anchovy - (tiny fishes usually canned or salted; 
              used for hors d'oeuvres or as seasoning in sauces)

Super-classes Fish-TheFood^c

Anchovy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anchovy

Description

Any of several species of small, silvery fish eaten by people or used as bait to catch larger fish.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'anchovy' in WordNet:
          1. anchovy - (tiny fishes usually canned or salted; 
              used for hors d'oeuvres or as seasoning in sauces)

Super-classes EdibleFish^c
Fish^c

Ancient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ancient

Description

COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to things that were created more than 300 years before the time point of reference. usually 'ancient' means over 1000 years old. This can be used for civilizations or ways of behaving as well as for artifacts.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ancient' in WordNet:
      1. (5) ancient - (belonging to times long past especially of the
         historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire;
         'ancient history'; 'ancient civilizations such as those of 
         the Etruscans and Sumerians'; 'ancient Greece')

Super-classes Old^c

AncientElement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AncientElement`
Description	Each 'AncientElement' is one of four or so hypothetical (but discredited) instances of 'SubstanceType' that was thought to comprise the basic substances of which matter is composed. Substances such as Air and Water (and 'earth', interpreted as solid stuff) do exist, but are not properly subtypes of this type because they do not have the postulated properties. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'element' in WordNet: 4. (1) element - (one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe; 'the alchemists believed that there were four elements')`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op some SubstanceType^c

Andean^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Andean

Description

''Andean'' pertains to the ''Andes''mountains, and to things that occr or are located at, or are characteristic of the ''Andes''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Andean' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) Andean - (relating to the Andes and their inhabitants)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Androgen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Androgen`
Description	Class of steroids that includes the anabolic steroids. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'androgen' in WordNet: 1. androgen, androgenic hormone - (male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics)`
Super-classes	SteroidHormone^c
Sub-classes	Testosterone^c

Android^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Android`
Description	An ''Android'' is distinguished from a basic or primitive ''Robot'' by being so closely similar in appearance and action to a ''Person'' that it might be mistaken for a ''Person''. As of 2021, no such entities exist and it is ''Fictional'' at this point. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'android' in WordNet: 1. android, humanoid, mechanical man - (an automaton that resembles a human being)`
Super-classes	FictionalObject^c IndividualAgent^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Person^c isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value HumanoidRobot^c

Anecdotal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anecdotal

Description

''Anecdotal'' characterizes Opinions or Assertions that are based on ''Anecdote''s rather than careful and controlled analysis of evidence.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anecdotal' in Wordnet:
        1. anecdotal - (having the character of an anecdote; 'anecdotal evidence')

Super-classes Circumstantial^c

Anecdote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anecdote`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anecdote' in WordNet: 1. (8) anecdote - (short account of an incident (especially a biographical one))`
Super-classes	Report^c

Anemia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anemia`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of the condition in which the red cells of the blood (erythrocytes) are reduced in number or volume or are deficient in hemoglobin, their oxygen-carrying pigment. There are close to 100 different varieties of anemia, distinguished by the cause, the size and hemoglobin content of the abnormal cells, and the symptoms. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anemia' in WordNet: 1. (5) anemia, anaemia - (a deficiency of red blood cells)`
Super-classes	BloodDisease^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op some Anemic^c
Sub-classes	Thalassemia^c

Anemic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anemic

Description

NOTE: in CYC this is a group of objects,but in COSMO it is an AttributeValue.

       CYC: The collection of animals with anemia, a condition
        arising when one has insufficient iron in one's blood.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'anemic' in Wordnet:
          2. anemic, anaemic - (relating to anemia or suffering from anemia)

Super-classes Sick^c

Anesthesia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anesthesia`
Description	''Anesthesia'' is the absence of perception of touch or pain, with or without becoming unconscious. This can be local or general; it may be caused by an anesthetic agent or by some other factor (cold, injection of a venom, nerve separation or malfunction). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anesthesia' in WordNet: 1. anesthesia, anaesthesia - (loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Sub-classes	LocalAnesthesia^c GeneralAnesthesia^c RegionalAnesthesia^c SpinalAnesthesia^c

Anesthesiologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anesthesiologist`
Description	''Anesthesiologist'' are doctors who specialize in ''Anesthetizing'' patients,usually for Surgery. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anesthesiologist' in WordNet: 1. anesthesiologist, anesthetist, anaesthetist - (a specialist who administers an anesthetic to a patient before he is treated)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Anesthetizing^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Anesthetic^c

Anesthetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anesthetic`
Description	A Drug which diminishes a body's ability to perceive pain - this can be local or general. NOTE: this does not require that the substances thus designated are currently used as anaesthetics in medical procedures. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anesthetic' in Wordnet: 1. anesthetic, anaesthetic, anesthetic agent, anaesthetic agent - (a drug that causes temporary loss of bodily sensations)`
Super-classes	Depressant^c
Sub-classes	LocalAnesthetic^c GeneralAnaesthetic^c Chloroform^c

Anesthetizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anesthetizing`
Description	Administering an ''Anesthetic'' to cause ''Anesthesia'' (local or general). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anesthetize' in WordNet: 1. anesthetize, anaesthetize, anesthetise, anaesthetise, put to sleep, put under, put out - (make unconscious by means of anesthetic drugs; 'The patient must be anesthetized before the operation')`
Super-classes	Ingesting^c PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c AdministeringaDrug^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Anesthetic^c

Anew^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anew

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anew' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) afresh, anew - (again but in a new or different way;
            'start afresh'; 'wanted to write the story anew'; 'starting life anew in a fresh place')

Super-classes Again^c

Angel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angel

Description

In popular (not necessarily orthodox) Jewish, Christian, and Islamic tradition, angels are the messengers who deliver information from God to humans. The metaphor to think of is that of an oriental king sending messengers out to deliver news to his subjects. The original Greek word means 'messenger'. They are supposed to have sort of semi-divine status.

        Corresponds to sense 1 of 'angel' in WordNet:
        1. (8) angel - (spiritual being attendant upon God)

Super-classes DivineBeing^c
Spirit^c

Anger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anger`
Description	COSMO: the feeling experienced by someone who is angry. In WordNet, 'annoyance' is a subtype of type of Anger, but in COSMO, Anger is the subtype, being more intense than the average 'Annoyance'. Cyc: Intense feeling of displeasure and usually of antagonism. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Anger include #$Belligerence, etc. For the intense state of anger predisposing to seek revenge, use 'Wrath'. This corresponds to senses 1 and 2 in WordNet - those senses seem impossible to discriminate logically: Note that sense 3 of WordNet is 'wrath', a string anger, and that is not synonymous with the more general 'Anger', but a subtype. in Wordnet: 1. (22) anger, choler, ire - (a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance) 2. (1) anger, angriness - (the state of being angry) 3. wrath, anger, ire, ira - (belligerence aroused by a real or supposed wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins))
Super-classes	Annoyance^c
Sub-classes	Outrage^c Rage^c Wrath^c Huff^c

Angering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angering`
Description	''Angering'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event in which the resulting attribute is ''Angry''. The 'agent' of this Action can be a ''Person'' performing an action or some other situation. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'anger' in WordNet: 1. (1) anger - (make angry; 'The news angered him')`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Anger^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Angry^c
Sub-classes	MakingSomeoneFurious^c InfuriatingEvent^c Enraging^c

Angiosperm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angiosperm`
Description	`SUMO: A Plant of a species that reproduces by producing seeds and flowers. This class includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and flowers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angiosperm' in WordNet: 1. angiosperm, flowering plant - (plants having seeds in a closed ovary)`
Super-classes	Spermatophyte^c
Sub-classes	FloweringTree^c FloweringPlant^c

AngiospermSpeciesType^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AngiospermSpeciesType

Description

COSMO: a metatype for flowering trees.

    Cyc: Not itself a species, but a set of species
        encompassing those that are angiosperms.

Super-classes BiologicalTaxonType^c

Angle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angle`
Description	An instance of #$GeometricShapeType (q.v.) and a specialization of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing (q.v.) and #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing. Each instance of #$Angle is formed by two line segments (or #$HalfLine-Geometricals) diverging from the same point, or two adjoining plane surfaces diverging from the same straight line (or line segment or halfline). Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the angle formed by the intersection of two walls, and abstract objects, such as the angle formed by the intersection of two abstract lines. NOTE: this does not include solid angles! COSMO note: 'Angle' in COSMO represents the geometric Object that is an angle; linguistically, 'Angle' may be interpreted as the size of an angle, but in COSMO the size of an angle is represented by 'AngleSize' (which see). This 'angle' might be referred to linguistically as in 'the two lline meet at an angle' (where 'angle' is the region shped like an Angle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angle' in WordNet: 1. (10) angle - (the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians)
Super-classes	Size^c TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Angular^c

AngleBracket^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AngleBracket

Description

A 'AngleBracket' is either of two 'PunctuationMark's that enclose some portion of text that has some special formatted meaning or type.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angle bracket' in WordNet:
      1. bracket, angle bracket - (either of two punctuation marks 
         ('<' or '>') used in computer programming and sometimes used
         to enclose textual material)

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

AngleSize^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AngleSize

Description

'AngleSize' is an AttributeType that characterizes the size of an angle, in angular measure. This is distinguished from 'Angle' per se in that 'Angle' in COSMO is an Object, and 'AngleSize' is an 'AttributeType'. Linguistically, this may be expressed as 'angle' as in 'what is the angle between x and y'.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'angle' in WordNet:
          1. (10) angle - (the space between two lines or planes that
              intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured 
              in degrees or radians)

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

Angled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angled`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'angled' in Wordnet: 1. angled - (forming or set at an angle; 'angled parking')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Angler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angler`
Description	An ''Angler'' is a ''Fisher'' who performs ''Fishing'' using a Line And Hook. This can be done for sport of as a profession; in the latter case the Person would also be a ''Fisherman''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'angler' in WordNet: 2. angler, troller - (a fisherman who uses a hook and line)`
Super-classes	Fisher^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Angling^c

AnglicanChurch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnglicanChurch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Anglican Church' in WordNet: 1. (2) Anglican Church, Anglican Communion, Church of England - (the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs); has its see in Canterbury and the sovereign as its temporal head)`
Super-classes	ProtestantDenomination^c
Sub-classes	EpiscopalChurch^c

AnglicanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnglicanPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who adhere to a faith in the #$AnglicanReligion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Anglican' in WordNet: 1. (2) Anglican - (a Protestant who is a follower of Anglicanism)`
Super-classes	ProtestantPerson^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value AnglicanChurch^c

Angling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angling`
Description	Question: is every case of using a ''FishingLine'' and ''FishHook'' an instance of ''Angling''? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angling' in WordNet: 1. angling - (fishing with a hook and line (and usually a pole)) WN verb 'angle': 4. angle - (fish with a hook)`
Super-classes	Fishing^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value FishHook^c requiresResource^op value FishingLine^c

AnglingMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnglingMotion`
Description	''AnglingMotion'' is a Translocation that is ''Angled'' relative to some reference ('forward') direction. NOTE: this type of motion could also be in one sense ''ForwardMotion'', if the direction of motion aligns with the front-to-back line of the moving object. But the object moving may be moving at an angle relative to the front-to-back line of the moving object itself. This distinction could be differentiated, - with some effort - when needed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'angle' in WordNet: 1. (2) angle - (move or proceed at an angle; 'he angled his way into the room')`
Super-classes	Translocation^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Angled^c

AngloPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AngloPerson`
Description	An ''AngloPerson'' is an ''UnitedStatesPerson'' who has 'whitish' skin characteristic of ''CaucasianPerson''s whose skin colors are not noticeably 'brown' or 'yellow' or 'black'. `No WN sense for this. In RHW 'Anglo' has this definition, close to the intended meaning, at least as used by non-Hispanic Americans. 1. a white American of non-Hispanic descent, as distinguished esp. from an American of Mexican or Spanish descent.`
Super-classes	CaucasianPerson^c UnitedStatesPerson^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicColor^op value White^c

Angry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angry`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Anger. For the sense of 'angry' that applies to actions or communications, use 'ExhibitingAnger'. This corresponds to the part of adjective sense 1 of 'angry' and sense 1 of 'mad' in WordNet that characterizes people, but not to the part that characterizes an Event or communication ('showing anger' is not included in this sense): in WordNet: WN 'angry' 1. (17) angry - (feeling or showing anger; 'angry at the weather'; 'angry customers'; 'an angry silence'; 'sending angry letters to the papers') WN 'mad': 1. (12) huffy, mad, sore - (roused to anger; 'stayed huffy a good while'- Mark Twain; 'she gets mad when you wake her up so early'; 'mad at his friend'; 'sore over a remark')
Super-classes	Unhappy^c
Sub-classes	Furious^c Mad^c

Angst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angst`
Description	Capitalized?? not in MWD. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angst' in WordNet: 1. (2) Angst - (an acute but unspecific feeling of anxiety; usually reserved for philosophical anxiety about the world or about personal freedom)
Super-classes	Anxiety^c

Angstrom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angstrom

Description

The Angstrom is a LengthMeasure. 1 Angstrom = 10^(-10) m.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angstrom' in WordNet:
    1. (2) angstrom, angstrom unit, A -- (a metric unit of length equal to one ten billionth of a meter (or 0.0001 micron); used to specify wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation)

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

Anguish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anguish

Description

''Anguish'' is an intense ''MentalDistress''.

       NOTE: 'agonize' in this sense is for mental pain; for strong physical
          pain use ''Agony''.

        Includes RHW sense of 'travail':
         2. pain, anguish or suffering resulting from mental or physical hardship.

        Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'anguish' in WordNet:
           1. (4) anguish, torment, torture - (extreme mental distress)
           2. (2) anguish - (extreme distress of body or mind)
       WN verb 'agonize' :
          2. agonize, agonise - (suffer agony or anguish)

Super-classes MentalDistress^c
Despair^c

Angular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angular`
Description	The property of an object that has at least one distinctive angle in it, such as a polygon or polyhedron, or the sharp edge of a knife (see subtype ''SharpAngled''). This is for objects of two or more dimensions. This does not mean that there can be no curves; a filled semicircle will be Angular because has two prominent angles in it. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'angular' in WordNet: 2. (1) angular, angulate - (having angles or an angular shape)`
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Polyhedral^c Y-shaped^c V-shaped^c CrossShaped^c SharpAngled^c Cubic^c Rectangular^c Triangular^c L-shaped^c

AngularDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AngularDegree`
Description	A plane angle measure. `Corresponds to sense 5 of 'degree' in WordNet: 5. (7) degree, arcdegree - (a measure for arcs and angles; "there are 360 degrees in a circle")`
Super-classes	PlaneAngleMeasure^c
Sub-classes	Latitude^c Longitude^c

AngularMomentum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AngularMomentum

Description

''AngularMomentum'' is a property of rotating PhysicalObjects. For a point object it is a simple calculation of the linear momentum times the distance from the center of rotation. For rotating objects with mass distributed at a number of points from the center, the individual contributions of each piece must be summed.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angular momentum' in WordNet:
       1. angular momentum - (the product of the momentum of a rotating body
         and its distance from the axis of rotation; 'any rotating body 
         has an angular momentum about its center of mass';
         'angular momentum makes the world go round')

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

AngularShape^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AngularShape

Description

An ''AngularShape'' is a three-dimensional shape for Objects that have some form of significant 'angle' whether in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional Object.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angularity' in WordNet:
      1. angular shape, angularity - (a shape having one or more sharp angles)

Super-classes Shape^c

Aniline^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aniline

Description

CYC: The collection of samples of aniline; C6H5NH2.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aniline' in WordNet:
         1. aniline, aniline oil, aminobenzine, phenylamine -
            (oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used 
             to make dyes and plastics and medicines)

Super-classes PrimaryAmine^c
ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c

AnimacyAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimacyAttribute`
Description	The SUMO term approximately equivalent to 'VitalityAttribute'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Animadverting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Animadverting`
Description	Each ''Animadverting'' is an ''Opining'' in which a Person asserts an ''UnfavorableOpinion'' (with or without hesitation). `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'animadvert' in WordNet: 1. opine, speak up, animadvert, sound off - (speak one's opinion without fear or hesitation; 'John spoke up at the meeting')`
Super-classes	Opining^c
Restrictions	produces^op some UnfavorableOpinion^c

Animal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Animal`
Description	COSMO note:for non-human animals, use the subtype 'NonHumanAnimal'. The restriction requires that all animals have 'SkinTissue' on most of the surface. Cyc: An instance of #$BiologicalKingdom, and a specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Instances of #$Animal are typically motile, living, whole organisms; they are instances of #$Heterotroph (q.v.), and thus incapable of performing instances of #$Photosynthesis-Generic. Animal cells contain cholesterol and lack cell walls made of cellulose. #$Person is a specialization of #$Animal; see also #$NonPersonAnimal. Note that not all animals are 'IntentionalAgents', able to form plans of action; as of v0.54, only mammals are characterized as IntentionalAgent - but this may change depending on whether evidence of planning is found in other branches of the Animal kingdom. SUMO: An Organism with eukaryotic Cells, and lacking stiff cell walls and photosynthetic pigments. WordNet includes 'creature' and 'beast' in the generic 'animal. in WordNet: 1. (16) animal, animate being, beast, brute, creature, fauna - (a living organism characterized by voluntary movement)
Super-classes	Heterotroph^c PerceptualAgent^c Organism^c EukaryoticOrganism^c AnimalBLO^c
Restrictions	hasVitalityAttribute^op some (VitalityAttributeValue^c or VitalityAttributeType^c)
Sub-classes	Virgin^c Mascot^c Homeotherm^c ViviparousAnimal^c Captive^c NonHumanAnimal^c MaleAnimal^c AnimalRole^c LivingAnimal^c WalkingAnimal^c HumanOccupationConstructResident^c Coelomate^c ScaledAnimal^c DiseaseCarrier^c Quadruped^c FishCatch^c FemaleAnimal^c Survivor^c Mollusk^c SentientAnimal^c OverSatedAnimal^c Tracker^c NotHungryAnimal^c Vertebrate^c AdultAnimal^c Swimmer^c GiantAnimal^c Troll^c Vegetarian^c GenericVictim^c MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient^c Hunter^c JuvenileAnimal^c Feeder^c
In domain of	hasHearingAcuity^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LudwigVanBeethoven

AnimalActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalActivity`
Description	COSMO note: This conceptually includes as subtype ''HumanActivity', the activities of people and ''GroupOfPeople''s and Organizations, but this type itself can be used for actions of ''NonHumanAnimal''s. In a few cases of physical action, some non-human animals may perform the same kind of Action, though the default expectation will be that it is done by humans unless otherwise specified. `NOTE: This does not include ''Sleeping''. The activities that are performed as subtypes of this type are done while ''Awake''. Cyc: A specialization of #$Action. Each instance of #$AnimalActivity is a spatially-localized action, each of whose doers (see #$doneBy) is either an #$Animal or a group of animals (i.e. a #$Group all of whose members are #$Animals)`
Super-classes	AnimateActivity^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op only (Animal^c or GroupOfAnimals^c or Organization^c or AnimalType^c or GroupType^c or OrganizationType^c or Animal^c or GroupOfAnimals^c or Organization^c or AnimalType^c or GroupType^c or OrganizationType^c) hasParticipant^op some (Animal^c or GroupOfAnimals^c or Organization^c or AnimalType^c or GroupType^c or OrganizationType^c or Animal^c or GroupOfAnimals^c or Organization^c or AnimalType^c or GroupType^c or OrganizationType^c)
Sub-classes	Playing^c WarningAction^c LivingInTrees^c PreparingForSituation^c LocomotionEvent-Animal^c Discarding^c HumanActivity^c Bowling^c FlyingWithWings^c UsingAnAbility^c GoodLuckEvent^c Abandoning^c AnimalReproductionEvent^c UsingAnObject^c Flirting^c BodyMovementEvent^c LeaningOver^c InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission^c Misfortune^c BloodFlow^c LayingAnEgg^c Hunting^c StandingUprightEvent^c BodyPositionEvent^c WrappingSomething^c SpendingTime^c GameEvent^c MedicalSymptom^c Traumatizing^c Hurrying^c Kneeling^c GuardingSomething^c Touching^c ExertingEffort^c Resting-RelaxingEvent^c UsingAnOpportunity^c ConsumingSomething^c SprainingaBodyPart^c TransferOfControl^c BecomingAwareOfAnEvent^c PlayfulFrolic^c Confining^c GoingSomewhere^c Behavior^c Persevering^c Fishing^c IncurringAnInjury^c Ingesting^c Rushing^c AnimalSportEvent^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c Licking^c DroppingDown^c

AnimalArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalArtifact`
Description	A ''AnimalArtifact'' is a ''Artifact-Generic'' and a ''SolidObject'' that has been produced by a ''NonHumanAnimal'' (each type of ''NonHumanAnimal'' is an instance of ''BeastType''), This is PhysicalObject, but includes tunnels made by animals, which are considered to include both the open space that serves as a passage, as well as the part of the wall that extends enough into the ground to provide some stability to the structure (somewhat similar to a BodyOfWater that includes part of the solid container structure). `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'natural object' in WordNet: 1. natural object - (an object occurring naturally; not made by man)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op some BeastType^c
Sub-classes	AnimalMadeShelter^c AnimalCovering^c BeaverDam^c

AnimalAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalAttributeValue`
Description	An attribute meaningful only as applied to bioogical Agents, including animals, people, and groups and organizations.
Super-classes	AgentAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Hairless^c Trained^c Thirsty^c Untrained^c Herbivorous^c Aroused^c Unsatisfactory^c Happy^c Satisfied^c Carnivorous^c Cynical^c Unhappy^c Hungry^c Enthusiastic^c Determined^c Omnivorous^c Taught^c Contented^c Deranged^c Tired^c Insane^c Excited^c Resolved-Determined^c Dizzy^c Famished^c StressedOut^c Sane^c Agile^c PersonAttributeValue^c

AnimalBLO^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalBLO`
Description	COSMO note: this includes animal parts as well as whole animals. For whole animals, use 'Animal'. `Cyc: A specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject that includes all living animals, body parts of living animals, and body regions of living animals. #$AnimalBLO is thus the union (see #$collectionUnion) of #$Animal, #$AnimalBodyPart, and #$AnimalBodyRegion (qq.v.)`
Super-classes	BiologicalLivingObject^c
Sub-classes	AnimalBodyRegion^c BloodCell^c PairOfAnimals^c BloodObject^c Egg^c Animal^c

AnimalBathing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalBathing`
Description	''AnimalBathing'' is the action of a non-human animal immersing itself in water intentionally for any purpose - to get clean or to cool off or to get rid of pests.
Super-classes	ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c WashingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value NonHumanAnimal^c

AnimalBedding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalBedding

Description

'AnimalBedding' is a substance that could be rags, shredded paper (as for birds or mice in cages) or any other marerial, usually soft.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bedding' in WordNet:
          2. bedding material, bedding, litter - (material used to provide a bed for animals)

Super-classes SubstanceRole^c

AnimalBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalBody`
Description	An AnimalBody is the physical part of an Animal, living or dead. In a materialistic view, this would be identical to the type 'Animal'; however, this accommodates the spiritualist view that a person is composed of Body and Soul, and therefore that the body is only a part of a whole Person. This also accommodates the less common view that non-human animals have a 'soul' of sorts. Some cultures even attribute a 'soul' to certain kinds of trees, but this type applies only to animal bodies. `NOTE that 'body' in the sense of 'dead body' is represented as 'Corpse' or more specifically as 'HumanCorpse'. Microorganisms do not have 'bodies' in COSMO: a microorganism is identical to its whole cell, including its parts. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'body' (referring to animals) in WordNet: 1. (536) body, organic structure, physical structure - (the entire structure of an organism (especially an animal or human being); 'he felt as if his whole body were on fire')`
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c OpaqueObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Animal^c
Sub-classes	HumanBody^c

AnimalBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalBodyPart`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is or was a part of some animal. NOTE: this differs from Cyc in that Cyc requires that the part be part of a living animal, whereas in COSOMO it only has to have been part of an Animal at some time.. Note that in at least one case, a 'Lap', it is only a part when the person is in a seated position. show to handle this - not always a Part? For bodyparts that are still in the animal, when relevant, they can be asserted to have the attributeValue ''InSitu''. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalBodyRegion. Each instance of #$AnimalBodyPart is an anatomical part of some living animal, and thus is itself an instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v). #$AnimalBodyPart includes both highly localized organs (for example, hearts) and physical systems composed of parts distributed throughout an animal's body (such as an animal's circulatory system and nervous system). Note that severed limbs and removed organs are _not_ instances of this collection, since they are not _parts_ of some living animal. NOTE also that body liquids such as blood and lymph are not considered 'AnimalBodyPart' in COSMO, but are categorized as 'BodyFluid'.
Super-classes	HumanScaleObject^c BodyPart^c AnimalBodyRegion^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	Thigh^c Hip^c Heel^c Stomach^c Tendon^c Placenta^c Belly^c Ligament^c ForeArm^c Cheek^c Back^c Meninges^c BodilyOrifice^c Loins^c ChestCavity^c Calf-AnimalBodyPart^c Neck^c Organ^c AlimentaryCanal^c Throat^c Head^c Rectum^c Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c AnimalOrganPart^c Jaw^c Palm^c SexOrgan^c Withers^c Skin^c Face^c SpinalCord^c Palate^c Fluke^c Scale-AnimalBodyPart^c Nerve^c Tarsus^c Nail-AnimalBodyPart^c Muzzle^c AnatomicalVessel^c CirculatorySystem^c Exoskeleton^c HumanBodyPart^c Breast-BodyPart^c Loin^c TipToes^c Stinger^c RibCage^c BoneStructure^c LimbPart^c ConnectiveTissue^c Cornea^c Peritoneum^c Hypothalamus^c NervousSystem^c Tooth^c Armpit^c Nostril^c Alveolus^c Lap^c Hair-Strand^c AnimalBodyPart-Female^c Perineum^c DigitNail^c Foreskin^c DigestiveSystem^c Earlobe^c Chest-BodyPart^c HairObject^c LymphNode^c Trunk-BodyCore^c Pelvis^c Knuckle^c Groin^c Shin^c Gill^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c Eye^c Lip^c ToothDecay^c RearOfAnAnimal^c AnimalFiber^c Mouth^c Chin^c Anus^c Feather^c Eyelid^c LymphaticSystem^c Pupil-EyePart^c Waist^c Torso^c Wing^c Pericardium^c VocalCords^c Horn^c ImmuneSystem^c BoneMarrow^c GraftedTissue^c CardiovascularSystem^c Shoulder^c BodyTract^c Sinus^c FingerTip^c Beak^c BodySwelling^c SkeletalSystem^c Lens-EyePart^c Sac-Organic^c Toe^c Finger^c Retina^c HumanFace^c Tonsil^c Forehead^c

AnimalBodyPart-Female^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalBodyPart-Female`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$AnimalBodyParts that are generally found only on female animals. Any collection representing a type of body part that is generally found only on female animals should have this collection as a #$genls. For example, all instances of #$Breast and #$Uterus are instances of #$AnimalBodyPart-Female, and the collections #$Breast and #$Uterus are subsets of it. See also #$AnimalBodyPart-Male.
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	MammaryGland^c LabiaMajora^c Vulva^c Teat^c Uterus^c Vagina^c Cervix^c LabiaMinora^c

AnimalBodyPartType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalBodyPartType`
Description	CYC: A collection of specializations of #$AnimalBodyRegion. Each instance of #$AnimalBodyPartType is a collection of body parts, where the parts in question are differentiated from other body parts according to structure or function. Instances of #$AnimalBodyPartType include #$SpinalColumn, #$Eyelash, #$NervousSystem, #$Urethra, #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart, and #$HeelOfPalm.
Super-classes	OrganismPartType^c
Sub-classes	TwoBodyPartsType^c LimbType^c FacialHairType^c FingerType^c
In range of	requiredBodypart^op hasBodypartMoved^op
Members	Teat Armpit AnimalSting Lens-EyePart HumanBody HipBone LargeHead Seam Colon-BodyPart ToothDecay Sac-Organic Sternum VitalOrgan HorseBack Fin LabiaMinora Mane Skull Perineum LongTusk CranialNerve Pincer MetaCarpus Retina HumanFace Aorta LongTalon Thymus Whisker Rib Clitoris Feather ShortTail Heart Kidney SwordlikeUpperJaw LabiaMajora AnimalBodyPart HairOnHead ExternalSpine Fluke Talon Eyelid HorseHairStrand Kneecap Nose TrunkOfAnElephant StingRaySting Muzzle BoneShaft UpperLip FurObject Tendon Waist Coccyx CirculatorySystem AuditoryOssicle Scrotum Pimple Torso Whiskers Horn Breast-BodyPart Belly Tail Ligament Paw Ear Cerebellum Groin Tentacle Cochlea Back LegBone Meninges MammalEye RibCage Cheekbone SmallBone BodilyOrifice BoneStructure Ureter VertebrateEye Scalp AnimalFiber BirdTail Cornea FattyTissue AlimentaryCanal Sinus LongBone Eyelashes Hyoid VasDeferens PeacockTail PairOfPlantParts Anus Beak Cranium Alveolus HumanLeg ShoulderBone Nostril LymphVessel SnakeFang LongSnout Lap Trachea Hair-Strand Rectum ExternalOrgan Joint-AnimalBodyPart CanineTooth MammaryGland Brain Palm Vein Fibula DigitNail Urethra SensoryReceptor Humerus Bladder-Urinary VentralFin VocalCords Glottis Udder Hide Jawbone Withers ImmuneSystem BoneMarrow TearGland Appendix Duct LeftHumanHand Forehead CardiovascularSystem Tusk CoronaryArtery Spleen Hoof ExternalOrifice Artery HairObject MobOfHair-Mammal Pancreas Septum HumanLip Hand LymphNode BirdBill InsectProboscis TurtleBeak HumanHip AdrenalCortex Thyroid Trunk-BodyCore LargeIntestine CetaceanTail Gill Pelvis Clavicle Tarsus Shin ThreeSupportingWheels SpinalColumn Cerebrum Uterus Nail-AnimalBodyPart SkeletalSystem Bursa Appendage-AnimalBodyPart Lip HumanHead Exoskeleton PigThigh Buttocks HumanBodyPart Neck ChestCavity Plumage Chin Calf-AnimalBodyPart Hamstrings Fist Toe Testicle ArmBone Vagina Capillary UrinaryBladder ExternalSexOrgan MetaTarsus Elbow Thigh Parchment Tibia AdrenalGland ThyroidGland Foot Skeleton Cleavage BodyPart LymphaticSystem FemaleExternalGenitalia Placenta Antler FurPiece Pupil-EyePart Thalamus BoneSubPart Cervix RightHumanHand Cheek Ulna HumanPenis BloodVessel BothParents Pustule HumanEye Bone Shoulder Skin Fang LongNeck Knee EndocrineGland Foreskin Face PorcupineQuill Incus Ileum ShortBone GallBladder LongNose Epiglottis Cecum Antenna-AnimalBodyPart DigestiveSystem Maxilla AnkleJoint Throat Palate EyeSocket Scale-AnimalBodyPart Wrist Head-Vertebrate Nerve Chest-BodyPart CuppedHand LeftHumanLeg Ovary HairlikeFiber Vertebra Prostate HumanFoot Femur BackOfaPerson Stapes Neuron CerebralCortex HeadCrest Sacrum ToeClaw HairOnHead-Human PituitaryGland Jaw SexOrgan Knuckle Metacarpal RespiratoryTract UmbilicalCord Stinger Eye Tonsil HumanNose SacroIliacJoint Tongue HandBone TearDuct Breast LongArms Mouth Ilium IridescentPlumage HumanHairObject Flipper Gladiolus Hip SpinalCord Peritoneum SynovialJoint WholeSkin Heel FracturedBone Stomach BirdClaw Liver RadiusBone Hypothalamus SmallIntestine Claw CurvedBirdBill Toenail Jejunum Tooth HumanEar LowerBody Malleus SpeechOrgan Limb-AnimalBodyPart BodyCavity Wing AnatomicalVessel Pericardium MetaTarsal ArmMuscle Fingernail UrinaryTract AnimalBodyPart-Female Loins TipToes SkeletalMuscle Condyle Intestine Navel Gonad Esophagus Organ Ankle Talus GlidingJoint Leg Earlobe Penis NoHairOnHead Pons PalateBone Digit-AnatomicalPart Head BodyTract Dug ConnectiveTissue RightHumanLeg Lung Teeth Duodenum Larynx HorseHoof Pubis AnimalBodyRegion NervousSystem Vulva FingerTip Vertebrae FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan

AnimalBodyRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalBodyRegion`
Description	A specialization of #$AnimalBLO. Each instance of #$AnimalBodyRegion is a significant spatial subdivision of the body of some animal, where the subdivision in question is usually contiguous, and has some more or less clear boundary. Instances of this collection include anatomical parts (see the specialization #$AnimalBodyPart) , such as a person's head, beard, or right arm. In addition, this collection includes body regions that are not anatomical parts, such as a blister, a puncture wound, or a bruise. `SUMO: AnatomicalStructures that are possessed exclusively by Animals. Also, 'parts' composed solely of liquids, such as the blood of an animal, are not included as regions. For bodyparts that are still in the animal, when relevant, they can be asserted to have the attributeValue ''InSitu''. Corresponds aproximately to noun sense 2 of 'region' in WordNet: 2. (5) area, region - (a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; 'in the abdominal region')`
Super-classes	AnimalBLO^c
Sub-classes	Injury-Object^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c Pustule^c AnimalBodyPart^c Cleavage^c Neuron^c PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c Pimple^c Freckle^c

AnimalCage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalCage

Description

A container used to keep a mobile animal within a certain area. Usually has a fair amount of open space along the perimeters, often to permit viewing of the caged animal.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cage' in WordNet:
        1. (4) cage, coop - (an enclosure made or wire or metal 
          bars in which birds or animals can be kept)

Super-classes Cage^c

AnimalCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalCell`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Cells that #$Animals and parts of #$Animals are made of.
Super-classes	EukaryoticCell^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	ReproductiveCell^c

AnimalContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalContainer`
Description	CYC: The collection of all containers designed to hold living animals (including people): cages, terrariums, pens, etc.
Super-classes	StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op only Animal^c
Sub-classes	AnimalPen^c Aquarium^c Cage^c

AnimalContestant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalContestant`
Description	A ''AnimalContestant'' is an ''Animal'' that could be Human or not, who is competing or has competed in a 'AnimalSportEvent''. Can be for any kind of animal contestant - race horse, fighting dog, racing dog, etc. "wasaCompetitorInCompetition" WN does not appear to have an entry for this type.
Super-classes	AnimalRole^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op some AnimalSportEvent^c
Sub-classes	RaceHorse^c

AnimalControlDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalControlDevice`
Description	An ''AnimalControlDevice'' is a ''Device'' that controls or assists controlling some NonHumanAnimal by means other than confinement. `a "Leash','Reins'.'electronic collar', are some examples.`
Super-classes	ControlDevice^c
Restrictions	controls^op some (BeastType^c or NonHumanAnimal^c)
Sub-classes	Reins^c

AnimalCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalCovering`
Description	An ''AnimalCovering'' is a ''AnimalArtifact''that is a ''ProtectiveObject'' created by a NonHumanAnimal to provide some form of cover as protection. The ''AnimalCovering'' may be very crude, and not as effective as a ''Covering'' srtifact created by people.
Super-classes	AnimalArtifact^c ProtectiveObject^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op some BeastType^c
Sub-classes	Cocoon^c

AnimalDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalDisease`
Description	A subtype of 'AilmentCondition' that is due to some biochemical malfunction within the body of some ''Animal'' (not a ''Plant''), rather than the result of some externally-induced trauma. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disease' in Wordnet: 1. (27) disease - (an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning) WN 'sickness': 1. (4) illness, unwellness, malady, sickness - (impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism)`
Super-classes	Disease^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Animal^c isUndesirableTo^op some Animal^c
Sub-classes	InflammatoryDisease^c Complication^c NonHumanAnimalDisease^c Immunodeficiency^c Diabetes^c TerminalIllness^c ContagiousDisease^c EyeDisease^c CardiovascularDisease^c GeneticDisease^c SkinDisease^c SelfLimitingDisease^c BloodDisease^c Infection^c DeficiencyDisease^c

AnimalFeeder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalFeeder`
Description	An ''AnimalFeeder'' is any Device designed or commonly used for holding and feeding food to animals.
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c ContainerArtifact^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value AnimalFood^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value FeedingAnAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Manger^c BirdFeeder^c

AnimalFeeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalFeeding`
Description	An 'AnimalFeeding' is the (intransitive sense) act of some non-human animal feeding in some way, as by eating something (plant or animal), or by ingesting nutrients such as by sucking blood. When used in a similar trnasitive sense with the verb 'eat', it is usually expressed as 'feed on', as in 'the mosquitoes fed on rabbits blood'. If one says 'the mosquitoes fed on rabbits', that must be interpreted pragmatically as meaning that they ate the rabbits' blood, not whole rabbits; this requires pragmatic interpretation of such sentences. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'feed' and sense 1 of 'eat' in WordNet: 6. (3) feed, eat - (take in food; used of animals only; 'This dog doesn't eat certain kinds of meat'; 'What do whales eat?') WN verb 'eat': 1. (479) eat - (take in solid food; 'She was eating a banana'; 'What did you eat for dinner last night?')
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	GrazingAction^c Foraging^c

AnimalFiber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalFiber`
Description	An ''AnimalFiber'' is a single ''Fiber'' taken from some Animal (including humans). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal fiber' in WordNet: 1. animal fiber, animal fibre - (fiber derived from animals)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	Hair-Strand^c

AnimalFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalFood`
Description	Any Food intended or used primarily to feed DomesticAnimals, including farm animals and house pets and wild birds. For the farm animal food, use the subtype 'Fodder'. NOTE: this is an ''ArtificialSubstance'' because it is prepared and/or packaged specifically for feeding animals. Food may be fed to animals (e.g. table scraps) that are not ''AnimalFood' because it is not prepared for that purpose. `In SUMO, no distinction seems to be made SUMO: Fodder is the subclass of Food that is intended for instances of DomesticAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feed' in Wordnet: 1. (32) feed, provender - (food for domestic livestock)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c Food^c
Sub-classes	Fodder^c BirdFood^c CatFood^c DogFood^c

AnimalHusbandry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalHusbandry`
Description	''AnimalHusbandry'' is the business of raising animals for sale, characteristically on a ''Ranch'' (a subtype of ''Farm''), but also on smaller scale on a ''Farm'' not considered a ''Ranch''. Keeping , raising, or breeding domestic animals as companions is not included. (see ''KeepingPets''). `NOTE that this includes ''FeedingAnAnimal'' as subevent, and that includes providing range land for them to graze, not just giving them fodder. ''AnimalHusbandry'' is distinct from keeping (indoor) pets. Nevertheless some ''FarmAnimals'' are kept outdoors almost as pets,perhaps (as with hens) just to obtain eggs for personal use. That is not included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal husbandry' in WordNet: 1. animal husbandry - (breeding and caring for farm animals)`
Super-classes	AgricultureOrHusbandry^c HelpingAnAgent^c TakingCareOfSomething^c BiologicalProductionEvent^c RaisingAnimals^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some FarmAnimal^c hasSubEvent^op value FeedingAnAnimal^c isPerformedBy^op value Farmer^c produces^op some (NonHumanAnimal^c or FoodType^c or AnimalType^c)
Sub-classes	Ranching^c

AnimalMadeShelter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalMadeShelter`
Description	An ''AnimalShelter''
Super-classes	AnimalArtifact^c ProtectiveObject^c Habitation^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value SleepingEvent^c hasThingProtected^op some BeastType^c
Sub-classes	Nest^c Burrow^c Honeycomb^c Burrowing^c

AnimalMotionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalMotionType`
Description	''AnimalMotionType'' is a metatype whose instances are subtypes of ''Action'' and of ''Motion'' performed by some ''Animal'' including people.
Super-classes	MotionType^c ActionType^c
Members	Skating Jumping Ambulation Tackling Swimming DanceStep BodilyCoordination WholeBodyMovement Footstep PartingCompany BodyMovementEvent

AnimalOrganPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalOrganPart`
Description	An ''AnimalOrganPart'' is a named part or region of an ''Organ'' in an Animal.
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Organ^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	BrainPart^c AdrenalCortex^c Cortex^c

AnimalPen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalPen`
Description	fenced in outdoor area for animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pen' in WordNet: 2. (1) pen - (an enclosure for confining livestock)`
Super-classes	Enclosure^c AnimalContainer^c
Sub-classes	Corral^c PigPen^c

AnimalPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalPoweredDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$AnimalPoweredDevice is a device that is powered by animal muscle power and not by any human user, although a human user may control the device and/or direct the animal. `SUMO: AnimalPoweredDevice is the subclass of Devices that function with power supplied by animals. Examples: oxcarts, horse-drawn plows, mule-driven mills.`
Super-classes	MusclePoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	HorseCarriage^c Cultivator^c

AnimalProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalProduct`
Description	An''AnimalProduct'' is any ''Product'' derived from a NonHumanAnimal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal product' in WordNet: 1. animal product - (a product made from animal material)`
Super-classes	Product^c
Sub-classes	AnimalSkin^c

AnimalReproductionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalReproductionEvent`
Description	'AnimalReproductionEvent' is a 'SexualReproductionEvent' involving two animals that mate with the result that the female bears young. NOTE that the event of 'SexualCopulation' is only a part of this whole Event, but it is a necessary part. Reproduction using Artificial means of insemination is not included in this type.. @ToDo: a separate type should be created for artificial reproduction. Corresponds to sense 5 of 'reproduction', verb sense 2 of 'reproduce', verb sense 4 of 'breed' and noun sense 5 of 'breeding' in WordNet: 5. reproduction, procreation, breeding, facts of life - (the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring) WN 'reproduce' 2. (1) reproduce, procreate, multiply - (have offspring or young; 'The deer in our neighborhood reproduce madly'; 'The Catholic Church tells people to procreate, no matter what their economic situation may be') WN 'breed': 4. breed, multiply - (have young (animals); 'pandas rarely breed in captivity')
Super-classes	SexualReproductionEvent^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value PairOfAnimals^c hasSubEvent^op value SexualCopulation^c

AnimalRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalRole`
Description	Any Role played by an animal that has been named by some linguistic term. See the subtypes.
Super-classes	Animal^c Role^c
Sub-classes	TameAnimal^c GameAnimal^c WildAnimal^c DraftAnimal^c AnimalContestant^c

AnimalShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalShell`
Description	The hard external shells that cover most of the exterior of certain animals such as turtles. For the coverings of clams and other molluscs, use 'SeaShell'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shell' in WordNet: 3. (2) carapace, shell, cuticle, shield - (hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles)`
Super-classes	BodyCovering^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c surrounds-3D^op value Animal^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value ShellSubstance^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Animal^c

AnimalSkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalSkin`
Description	An ''AnimalSkin'' is an''AnimalProduct'' derived from the ''Skin'' of a NonHumanAnimal by remving the skin from the (dead) animal and possibly performing some processing that leaves it intact as a sheet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal skin' in WordNet: 1. animal skin - (the outer covering of an animal)`
Super-classes	AnimalProduct^c
Sub-classes	Parchment^c Hide^c

AnimalSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalSound`
Description	COSMO note: ''AnimalSound''s are interpreted as the Event consisting of the act of an animal emitting the sound. plus the Event of the sound wave being propagated. These subevents can be disassociated if necessary. A specialization of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Each instance of #$AnimalSound is a sound of a type which originally was, and typically is, made by an animal using just its body parts (though such a sound may subsequently have been reproduced by imitation or recording). Examples of #$AnimalSounds include instances of #$Birdsong, #$NeighingSound, #$PurringSound, #$BarkingSound, and #$BrayingSound. Note that the restriction to sounds produced by body parts alone excludes noises produced by moving external objects; consequently, #$AnimalSound does _not_ include rustling the leaves underfoot, splashing water, or playing a musical instrument. Note that this collection is not a specialization of #$Action, or #$BodyMovementEvent, since it refers to animal sounds themselves, not to the activity of making animal sounds (though events of both types usually accompany one another. See #$EmittingSound for the latter.)
Super-classes	InformationBearingWavePropagation^c AudibleSound^c
Sub-classes	BarkingSound^c Hoot^c HaHa^c Baa^c HoHo^c GooseHonk^c MewingSound^c HeeHaw^c Voice^c Grunt^c Quack^c Coo^c Oink^c Moo^c Cackle^c NeighingSound^c

AnimalSportEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalSportEvent`
Description	An ''AnimalSportEvent'' .is an Event of a type that is called by some a 'sport' because it is a competition, but it involves at least one ''NonHumanAnimal''.
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some GroupOfAnimals^c
Sub-classes	Bullfight^c HorseRace^c

AnimalSting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalSting`
Description	`RHW noun 'sting': 19. Zool. any of various sharp-pointed, often venom-bearing organs of insects and other animals capable of inflicting painful or dangerous wounds.`
Super-classes	PointyEndedObject^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	StingRaySting^c

AnimalSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalSubstance`
Description	SUMO: BodySubstances that are produced exclusively by Animals. `@ToDo: NOTE: in SUMO,Honey is a subtype, so this may have to be interpreted as substances that are not actually contained as such inside the animal.`
Super-classes	BodySubstance^c
Sub-classes	Honey^c Sweat^c Semen^c Glycogen^c BodySurfaceSubstance^c Saliva^c

AnimalTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalTissue`
Description	''AnimalTissue'' is a ''Tissue'' produced by and partly consisting an ''Animal''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal tissue' in WordNet: 1. animal tissue - (the tissue in the bodies of animals)`
Super-classes	Tissue^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	Cartilage^c SkinTissue^c EpithelialTissue^c

AnimalTrack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalTrack`
Description	An ''AnimalTrack'' is the 'Traces'' (objects, scents, substances, or marks) that remain in some location after an animal (including people) has passed through that location. This includes the odors that a BLoodhound might pick up, so it is not necessarily 'visible'. `The passage of the animal is referenced by the placeholder relation 'isEvidenceFor - BeingInaPlace' which can be more specific about what or who is or was where, when needed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'trail' (for animal tracks) in WordNet: 1. (5) trail - (a track or mark left by something that has passed; 'there as a trail of blood'; 'a tear left its trail on her cheek')`
Super-classes	Evidence^c TrackOnGround^c Traces^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Remaining^c isEvidenceFor^op some AmbulatingThroughaPlace^c isProducedByEventType^op value BeingLeftOver^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value Animal^c

AnimalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimalType`
Description	AnimalType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for an Animal. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	OrganismType^c
Sub-classes	SpawnerType^c BeastType^c ExtinctAnimalType^c PersonType^c
Members	RiverOtter Prototherian GiantAnimal DaddyLongLegs AnimalContestant ScotchTerrier CommonSnappingTurtle Seal-Animal Spaniel SeaOtter SkyeTerrier Jellyfish Werewolf SeaTurtle StudHorse FrontRunner Vegetarian VeterinaryPatient Otter GenericVictim Terrier Herbivore DolphinOrPorpoise Donee Wallaby MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient EaredSeal Yak MedicalPatient MalePerson Armadillo SnappingTurtle Gerbil Primate Mascot WoodRat Merman FemaleAnimal Platypus Wolverine CockerSpaniel Mare Baboon Iguana BlackFootedFerret Chimaera Mink Leprechaun MythologicalMonster Mammal Monotreme Spider Stallion Mongoose LabRat Aurochs Gazelle Weasel RunnerUp Hunter PlacentalMammal LaboratoryAnimal FemalePerson HuntingDog Gecko Woman WildOx Lynx MaleOrganism Virgin Competitor FemaleMammal Gorilla Captive Radiata SentientAnimal Skunk ZooAnimal WildCat MaleAnimal AnimalRole Lemming KashmirGoat Swimmer Bloke WalkingAnimal Vole Pachyderm Walrus Mermaid Poodle Hominid Gentleman Omnivore Dolphin CaptiveAnimal Manatee Mustelidae Tapir WaterStrider OverSatedAnimal TypicalAdultAnimal Bobcat Phoenix Vertebrate Hamster CapuchinMonkey Prey Odd-toedUngulate Man FishCatch Ocelot

Animate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Animate

Description

This ''Animate'' is an attribute of Organic objects that have some form of life, notably Organisms and viruses. This cotrasts with ''Inanimate'' things such as minerals, fluids and inorganic objects. Dead organisms are 'inanimate when all individual cells have died and they are incapable of being restored to life.

   RHW: 7.  alive; possessing life: animate creatures

    Includes but is broader than adjective sense 2 of 'animate' (includes plants as well as
       animal) in Wordnet:
      2. animate - (endowed with animal life as distinguished from plant life; 'we are animate beings')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AnimateActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimateActivity`
Description	A specialization of both #$Action (q.v.) and #$Event-Localized. Every instance of #$AnimateActivity is a spatially-localized action, each of whose doers (see #$doneBy and #$animateDoers) is either a #$BiologicalLivingObject or a group of BLOs (i.e. a #$Group all of whose members are BLOs). Specializations of this collection include #$AnimalActivity, #$BiologicalEvent, and #$PhysiologicalProcess. `Approximately equivalent to SUMO 'PhysiologicProcess' SUMO A normal process of an Organism or part of an Organism.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organic phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. organic phenomenon - ((biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals)`
Super-classes	Action^c
Sub-classes	ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction^c Feat^c GoodDeed^c Win^c BiologicalEvent^c AnimalActivity^c ReachingaGoal^c PhysiologicalProcess^c Cakewalk^c Refraining^c

AnimateThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnimateThing`
Description	Anything that is ''Animate'' (as opposed to ''Inanimate'') `"lifeform"`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Animate^c
Sub-classes	LifeForm^c

Animism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Animism`
Description	''Animism'' has subtypes - Class or instance?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animism' in WordNet: 1. animism - (the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls; ' animism is common among primitive peoples')`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c PrimalIndigenousReligion^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalObjectsHaveSouls^c hasBeliever^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Animists^c
Sub-classes	Shamanism^c

Animosity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Animosity

Description

''Animosity'' is a intenser and more long-lasting form of ''Hostility''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animosity' in WordNet:
          1. (1) animosity, animus, bad blood - (a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility)

Super-classes Hostility^c

Anion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anion`
Description	An ''Ion'' having a negative charge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anion' in WordNet: 1. (2) anion - (a negatively charged ion)`
Super-classes	Ion^c
Sub-classes	PhosphateIon^c NitrateIon^c AcetateIon^c ChlorideIon^c

Anise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anise`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'anise' in WordNet: 2. anise, aniseed - (liquorice-flavored seeds or oil u sed in cookies or cakes or pickles)`
Super-classes	Spice^c Seasoning^c

Ankle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ankle`
Description	The flexible joint between the lower leg and the foot, that contains the ''AnkleJoint''. `SUMO: The joint in the Leg that connects the tibia and the fibula to the talus. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ankle' (the whole ankle including the covering skin and muscles) in WordNet: 1. (7) ankle, ankle joint, mortise joint, articulatio talocruralis - (a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Leg^c hasOrganicPart^op value AnkleJoint^c

AnkleJoint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnkleJoint

Description

This is the 'joint' that is inside the ''Ankle''

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ankle joint' in WordNet:
         1. ankle, ankle joint, mortise joint, articulatio talocruralis - 
            (a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula 
             and the proximal end of the talus)

Super-classes GlidingJoint^c

Anklet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anklet`
Description	CYC: The collection of anklets, a kind of jewelry (typically ringlike in shape) intended to be worn on the ankle. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'anklet' in WordNet: 3. anklet, ankle bracelet - (an ornament worn around the ankle)`
Super-classes	Bracelet^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Ankle^c

AnnealingGlass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnnealingGlass`
Description	'AnnealingGlass'' is a form of Strengthening a Glass object is strengthened (made able to resist fracturing when struck) by careful heating and cooling at a controlled rate. This type represents the state change in the object being anealed. The procedure that results in this change is represented by ''HeatingAndCoolingSomething''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'anneal' in WordNet: 1. anneal, temper, normalize - (toughen (steel or glass) by a process of gradually heating and cooling; 'temper glass')`
Super-classes	Strengthening^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c

Annihilation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Annihilation`
Description	''Annihilation'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which something that did exist no longer exists, due to some Event - not necessarily a purposive Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'annihilation' in WordNet: 2. (1) annihilation, disintegration - (total destruction; "bomb tests resulted in the annihilation of the atoll")`
Super-classes	CeasingToExist^c DestructionEvent^c
Sub-classes	Extinction^c

AnniversaryDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnniversaryDay`
Description	A Day which coincides with the DayOfTheYear that marks some integer number of years since an Event. The date can be an actual date on which an Event historically occurred, or merely a conventional date selected as the anniversary when the actual date is not known, as ''ChristmasHoliday''. `NOTE: the interval of time that has elapsed between the original referenced Day or Event is specified by the relation ''isLaterThanReferenceByYears''. See ''CentennialDay'' for an example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anniversary' in Wordnet: 1. (5) anniversary, day of remembrance - (the date on which an event occurred in some previous year (or the celebration of it))`
Super-classes	Day^c
Sub-classes	CentennialDay^c MillenaryAnniversary^c BirthDay^c
In domain of	isanAnniversaryOf^op occursOnDate^op

Annotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Annotation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'annotation' in WordNet: 1. note, annotation, notation - (a comment or instruction (usually added); 'his notes were appended at the end of the article'; 'he added a short notation to the address on the envelope')`
Super-classes	Commentary^c
Sub-classes	AddingaFootnote^c Footnote^c

Announcement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Announcement`
Description	The #$PropositionalConceptualWork bearing a message to some agent(s) that a particular event has occurred or is scheduled to occur. This is the Abstract text. It can be about a past or future event. SUMO: Any Text which contains information about an event in the future. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'announcement' in WordNet: 1. (4) announcement, proclamation, annunciation, declaration - (a formal public statement; 'the government made an announcement about changes in the drug war'; 'a declaration of independence') 2. (3) announcement, promulgation - (a public statement about something that is happening or going to happen; 'the announcement appeared in the local newspaper'; 'the promulgation was written in English')
Super-classes	FactualText^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some EventType^c isProducedByEventType^op value Announcing^c
Sub-classes	PressRelease^c Obituary^c

Announcer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Announcer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'announcer' in WordNet: 2. announcer - (reads news, commercials on radio or television)`
Super-classes	Broadcaster^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV^c
Sub-classes	Herald^c Sportscaster^c

Announcing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Announcing`
Description	Each ''Announcing'' is an ''Informing' that has a large ''GroupOfPeople'' as an intended audience. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'announce' in WordNet: 2. (13) announce, declare - (announce publicly or officially; 'The President declared war"')`
Super-classes	Informing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Announcer^c produced^op some Announcement^c isPerformedBy^op value Herald^c hasIntendedAudience^op some (GroupOfPeople^c or ThePublic^c or GroupType^c)

AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV`
Description	Each ''AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV'' is an ''Announcing'' in which an ''Announcer'' speaks into a microphone and the resulting speech is broadcast to anyone who can receive the signal. The Announcer'' typically does not know who is in the audience, which is out of the Announcer's sight.
Super-classes	Informing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Announcer^c hasIntendedAudience^op value RadioOrTVAudience^c

Annoyance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Annoyance`
Description	A mild unhappiness caused by some unpleasant event, not as string as anger. NOTE in WordNet one sense of 'annoyance is a subtype of anger- this type is a parent type, with 'anger' being more intense. `This includes sense 1 and 2 of 'annoyance' in WordNet: 1. (3) irritation, annoyance, vexation, botheration - (the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed) 2. (1) annoyance, chafe, vexation - (anger produced by some annoying irritation)`
Super-classes	Displeasure^c Unhappiness^c DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Irritation^c BeingUpset^c Frustration^c Huff^c Anger^c

Annoyed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Annoyed`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Annoyance. In COSMO this is considered as a mild (less intense) form of 'Angry'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'annoyed' in WordNet: 1. (3) annoyed, irritated, miffed, nettled, peeved, pissed, pissed off, riled, roiled, steamed, stung - - (aroused to impatience or anger; 'made an irritated gesture'; 'feeling nettled from the constant teasing'; 'peeved about being left out'; 'felt really pissed at her snootiness'; 'riled no end by his lies'; 'roiled by the delay')`
Super-classes	Unhappy^c PastParticiple^c PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Vexed^c Beleaguered^c Besieged^c Upset^c Provoked^c

Annoying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Annoying`
Description	The attribute of events or people or actions that cause Annoyance. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'annoying' in WordNet: 1. (1) annoying, bothersome, galling, irritating, nettlesome, pesky, pestering, pestiferous, plaguy, plaguey, teasing, vexatious, vexing - (causing irritation or annoyance; 'tapping an annoying rhythm on his glass with his fork'; 'aircraft noise is particularly bothersome near the airport'; 'found it galling to have to ask permission'; 'an irritating delay'; 'nettlesome paperwork'; 'a pesky mosquito'; 'swarms of pestering gnats'; 'a plaguey newfangled safety catch'; 'a teasing and persistent thought annoyed him'; 'a vexatious child'; 'it is vexing to have to admit you are wrong')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	CreepLike^c Obnoxious^c Aching^c Loudmouthed^c

AnnoyingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnnoyingEvent`
Description	An AnnoyingEvent is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to experience Annoyance. The Event causing Amusement does not necessarily have to be an action of a cognitive agent, because Annoyance can occur due to naturally occurring events involving inanimate objects. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'annoy' and verb sense 1 of 'irritate' and verb sense 2 of 'bother' includes noun sense 7 of 'irritation' and sense 5 of 'annoyance' in WordNet: 1. (5) annoy, rag, get to, bother, get at, irritate, rile, nark, nettle, gravel, vex, chafe, devil - (cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations; 'Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really bothers me'; 'It irritates me that she never closes the door after she leaves') WN 'annoyance': 5. annoyance, annoying, irritation, vexation - (the act of troubling or annoying someone)
Super-classes	CausingaMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op some Annoyance^c alwaysCauses^op value BadExperience^c hasAttributeValue^op value Annoying^c alwaysCauses^op some Annoyance^c
Sub-classes	Persecuting^c Beleaguering^c Harassment^c Rankling^c Taunting^c Teasing^c Peeving^c

AnnoyingThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnnoyingThing`
Description	An ''AnnoyingThing'' is .anything - object or
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value Annoyance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Annoying^c

AnnualClimateCycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnnualClimateCycle`
Description	A specialization of #$WeatherEvent. Each instance of #$AnnualClimateCycle is an extended event, one year in length, which encompasses sub-events marking the changing of the seasons (see the collection #$SeasonOfYear and its specializations). Specializations of #$AnnualClimateCycle include #$TemperateClimateCycle and #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle (qq.v). See also #$ClimateCycleType and #$hasClimateType.
Super-classes	Cycle^c WeatherEvent^c

Annuity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Annuity`
Description	An ''Annuity'' is the MoneyObject that is paid during some period of time as part of an annnuity agreement. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'annuity' in WordNet: 1. annuity, rente - (income from capital investment paid in a series of regular payments; "his retirement fund was set up to be paid as an annuity")`
Super-classes	PeriodicPayment^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some MakingAnAnnuityPayment^c

Annulling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Annulling

Description

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'annul' in WordNet:
       1. invalidate, annul, quash, void, avoid, nullify - 
           (declare invalid; 'The contract was annulled'; 'void a plea')
     WN noun 'annulment':
        2. annulment, invalidation - ((law) a formal termination (of a relationship 
            or a judicial proceeding etc))
        3. abrogation, repeal, annulment - (the act of abrogating; an official or legal cancellation)

Super-classes Canceling^c

Anointing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anointing`
Description	This ''Anointing'' is a BlessingEvent in which some oil is applied to a Person. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'anoint' in WordNet: 2. anoint, inunct, oil, anele, embrocate - (administer an oil or ointment to ; often in a religious ceremony of blessing)`
Super-classes	ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c BlessingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Person^c hadObjectMoved^op value Oil^c

Anomaly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anomaly`
Description	An ''Anomaly'' is something unusual and surprising (i.e. ''Strange''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anomaly' in WordNet: 1. anomaly, anomalousness - (deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule)`
Super-classes	AbnormalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Strange^c

Anonymity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anonymity

Description

'Anonymity' is the ''Status'' (SocialState,a PersistentState) in which one or more Persons who have performed some Action that is known to others, but those others do not know the name or other identifying information about that ''Anonymous' Person.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anonymity' in WordNet:
         1. (1) anonymity, namelessness - (the state of being anonymous)

Super-classes Status^c

Anonymous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anonymous`
Description	The subtype of UnknownAgents who are people (or groups of people) and who created some ConceptualWork. For the adjective 'anonymous' use 'unidientified'. `To create a required filler for agents, 'UnidentifiedAgent' should be used. In Wordnet 'anonymous' is only an adjective.`
Super-classes	UnidentifiedPerson^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unidentified^c
Sub-classes	AnonymousAuthor^c

AnonymousAuthor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnonymousAuthor`
Description	AnonymousAuthor is the Type representing all AuthorOfRecords that are listed officially as 'Anonymous'. Instances of this Type can be used as object of the 'wasAuthoredBy' relation. Each case where an author is listed as 'Anonymous' should be recorded as a separate instance of 'AnonymousAuthor' so as to avoid the inference that all things written by 'Anonymous' were written by the same person. One could use 'Anonymous001', 'Anonymous2685', etc. as the anonymous authors of specific works, or, to make it easier to recognize that anonymous individual directly from the name, one could use e,g, 'Anonymous_PrimaryColors' to indicate the work that the anonymous authored. If it is known in fact that the same anonymous author authored more than one work, the same instance of 'AnonymousAuthor' can be used as the filler for 'wasAuthoredBy'. `To specify that some author was anonymous without creating a new instance of 'Author', use 'UnidentifiedAuthor', which has the attribute 'Unidentified' and that will signal the reasoner to not try to equate that instance with any other.`
Super-classes	Role^c Author^c UnknownAgent^c Anonymous^c
Restrictions	hasVitalityAttribute^op value UnknownVitalityAttribute^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnidentifiedAuthor1

Anonymously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anonymously`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anonymously' in WordNet: 1. anonymously - (without giving a name; 'she wrote these letters anonymously')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Anorexia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anorexia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anorexia' in WordNet: 1. (1) anorexia - (a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite)`
Super-classes	EatingDisorder^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value EatingEvent^c

Another^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Another`
Description	''Another'' specifies one object of the type that the adjective modifies in the assertion, and also specifies that the preceding object(s) discused are of the same type and that the item referred to is not identical to the reference item(s). `'another' is an Adjective that does not assign an AttributeValue, but a 'type', it instantiates an entity of the same type as one already in the scope of the discourse. This is a Complex and context dependent quantitative attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'another' in Wordnet: 1. (51) another, some other - (any of various alternatives; some other; 'put it off to another (or some other) day')`
Super-classes	CardinalityValue^c Different^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#elements^c hasQuantifier^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1^c

Anoxia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anoxia`
Description	Anoxia'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which an Organism as sufficiently low levels of Oxygen in the blood to cause Death if not corrected. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anoxia' in WordNet: 1. anoxia - (severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues)`
Super-classes	LifeThreateningCondition^c
Restrictions	isaLowLevelOf^op value BloodOxygen^c

AnseriformBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnseriformBird`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anseriform bird' in WordNet: 1. anseriform bird - (chiefly web-footed swimming birds)`
Super-classes	Waterfowl^c
Sub-classes	Duck^c

Answer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Answer`
Description	An Answer is an InformationObject that is the result of an Inquiring (an event). This can be the result of an experiment or of a search through information sources, as well as a direct answer to a Question. For the direct linguistic answer, use 'AnswerPhrase'. For the action of answering, use 'Answering'. Although the same information may occur in simple declarative form (as in a book), and would not be an Answer in that context, this Type should be applied to that specific information that is obtained as the result of an 'Inquiring'. When an Inquiring fails to discover the information desired, it still results in an Answer in the form 'you can't find out what you want by that inquiry'. Therefore each Inquiring has some form of Answer in this sense. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'answer' in WordNet; sense 1 is represented by the more specific 'AnswerPhrase'. in WordNet: 1. (31) answer, reply, response - (a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; 'I waited several days for his answer'; 'he wrote replies to several of his critics') 2. (24) solution, answer, result, resolution, solvent - (a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; 'they were trying to find a peaceful solution'; 'the answers were in the back of the book'; 'he computed the result to four decimal places')
Super-classes	InformationObject^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some (Inquiring^c or ActionType^c) isProducedByEventType^op value Responding^c
Sub-classes	AnswerPhrase^c InspectionResult^c TestResult^c

AnswerPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnswerPhrase`
Description	An 'AnswerPhrase' is a Phrase that is a response to a specific linguistic Question. The phrase may be elliptic, as few as one Word, or as long as a detailed response to a general or detailed question. An answer can also be of the form 'I don't know' or other forms that do not actually provide the information desired. . The meaning represented by an Answer would be an instance of Proposition, but Propositions that represent answers are not yet (rev811) represented in COSMO. `NOTE that WordNet does not distinguish clearly between the act of answering and the content. This is the content. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'answer' in WordNet: 1. (31) answer, reply, response - (a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; 'I waited several days for his answer'; 'he wrote replies to several of his critics')`
Super-classes	Answer^c Phrase^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Answering^c
Sub-classes	NegativeAnswerPhrase^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dunno

AnswerPrevalence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnswerPrevalence`
Description	An OrderedPair containing an AnswerPhrase and a PercentageAttributeValue, describing the percentage of a GroupOfPeople that give a specific answer to a specific Question. This is meaningful only as a ComponentElement of an 'OpinionDistribution', which contains the Question to which the answers are responses, and the time the question was asked. For an individual answer to an individual question (for some individual Person), use 'QuestionAnswerPair'.
Super-classes	Prevalence^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some PercentageAttributeValue^c hasFirstElement^op some AnswerPhrase^c

Answering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Answering`
Description	Each 'Answering' is an instance of a Communication performed in response to a prior Communication from another agent; the prior Communication will usually be a question or request (see subtype 'Refusing'), but may be an assertion. This is the action of answering, not the content of the answer. This corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'answer' and noun sense 1 and 2 of 'reply' and verb sense 1 of 'reply' in WordNet: WN noun 'answer' 1. (31) answer, reply, response - (a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; 'I waited several days for his answer'; 'he wrote replies to several of his critics') WN verb 'answer' 1. (63) answer, reply, respond - (reply or respond to; 'She didn't want to answer'; 'answer the question'; 'We answered that we would accept the invitation') 2. (8) answer - (give the correct answer or solution to; 'answer a question'; 'answer the riddle') WN noun 'reply' 2. (2) reply, response - (the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange; 'he growled his reply') WN verb 'reply' 1. (53) answer, reply, respond - (reply or respond to; 'She didn't want to answer'; 'answer the question'; 'We answered that we would accept the invitation')
Super-classes	Responding^c Communication^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op some (Asking^c or CommunicationType^c or ActionType^c or Asking^c or ActionType^c) mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op some (Asking^c or CommunicationType^c or ActionType^c or Asking^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Feedback^c EvadingAnIssue^c Retort^c Affirming^c Denying^c Refusing^c Acknowledging^c Countering^c DirectAnswer^c

AnsweringMachine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnsweringMachine

Description

Telephone answering machine. as of 2019 almost antiquated.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'answering machine' in WordNet:
        1. answering machine - (an electronic device that answers the telephone and records messages)

Super-classes ManufacturedGoods^c
ElectronicDevice^c
SoundInformationRecordingDevice^c
ContactLocation^c

Ant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ant`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ant' in WordNet: 1. (6) ant, emmet, pismire - (social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers)
Super-classes	HymenopteranOrder^c Vermin^c
Sub-classes	CarpenterAnt^c

Antacid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antacid`
Description	A 'Antacid' is an 'AgentiveSubstance' that can neutralize acid in the ''Stomach'', and is used for that purpose. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'antacid' in WordNet; this is specifically for substances used to neutralize stomach acid, and is therefore a subtype of 'DrugSubstance': in WordNet: 1. antacid, gastric antacid, alkalizer, alkaliser, antiacid - (an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach))`
Super-classes	AgentiveSubstance^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value NeutralizingAnAcid^c

Antarctic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antarctic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antarctic' in Wordnet: 1. antarctic - (of or relating to Antarctica)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Anteater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anteater`
Description	An''Anteater'' has a long snot with which it scoops up ants to eat. `Icludes noun sense 1 and 3 of 'anteater' in WordNet: 1. (1) pangolin, scaly anteater, anteater - (toothless mammal of southern Africa and Asia having a body covered with horny scales and a long snout for feeding on ants and termites) 3. aardvark, ant bear, anteater, Orycteropus afer - (nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa that feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order Tubulidentata)`
Super-classes	InsectEater^c PlacentalMammal^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Ant^c

Antecedent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antecedent

Description

A technical term for 'Premises' in the sense of the assertion(s) that are given at the start of of an IF-THEN logical assertion in a deductive reasoning process.

     A ''Datum'' (observed fact) may be used as one ''Antecedent'' in reasoning about the
     RealWorld.  The concusion would be the 'consequent'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'antecedent' in RHW:
         Logic. the conditional element in a proposition, as 'Caesar conquered Gaul,' in
            'If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general.

   Compare Consequent:
        5.  Logic. the second member of a conditional proposition, as 'Caesar was a great general'
                 in 'If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general'.

         No similar sense in WordNet

Super-classes Premises^c
LogicalAssertion^c

Antedating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antedating`
Description	Each ''Antedating'' is an Event that ''occurredEarlierThan'' (occurs earlier in time; if immediately prior, use ''precedes'') some other Event. This is defined and always referenced relative to another Event, which comes after it in time. NOTE: This combines with the property ''occurredEarlierThan'' (or ''precedes'' for the immediate preceding Event) to form part of a primitive notion of Events occurring in time sequence. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'antedate' in WordNet: 1. predate, precede, forego, forgo, antecede, antedate - (be earlier in time; go back further; 'Stone tools precede bronze tools')`
Super-classes	Event^c SituationRole^c
Restrictions	occurredEarlierThan^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	PrecedingAnAgent^c

Antelope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antelope`
Description	SUMO: A HoofedMammal with long legs and backward-facing horns. This class includes gazelles, addax, blackbucks, etc. `SUMO: A HoofedMammal with long legs and backward-facing horns. This class includes gazelles, addax, blackbucks, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antelope' in WordNet: 1. (6) antelope - (graceful Old World ruminant with long legs and horns directed upward and backward; includes gazelles; springboks; impalas; addax; gerenuks; blackbucks; dik-diks)`
Super-classes	HoofedMammal^c HerdAnimal^c Ruminant^c
Sub-classes	Gazelle^c

Antenna^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antenna

Description

The electrical component used to receive electromagnetic signals.

        SUMO: A CommunicationDevice which enables or improves 
          the reception of RadioEmissions by another CommunicationDevice (the 
          radio or television receiver).

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antenna' in WordNet:
            1. (14) antenna, aerial, transmitting aerial - (an electrical device that sends 
            or receives radio or television signals)

Super-classes ElectricalComponent^c
CommunicationDevice^c

Antenna-AnimalBodyPart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antenna-AnimalBodyPart

Description

CYC: A movable segmented organ of sensation located on the head of insects, crustaceans and arachnids.

          Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'antenna' in WordNet:
            3. antenna, feeler - (one of a pair of mobile appendages 
             on the head of e.g. insects and crustaceans; typically sensitive to touch and taste)

Super-classes Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c

Anthem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anthem`
Description	A ''Anthem'' is a ''Song'' (a ''MusicalComposition'', a ''ConceptualWork'') that praises some nation or organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthem' in WordNet: 1. anthem - (a song of devotion or loyalty (as to a nation or school))`
Super-classes	Song^c
Sub-classes	NationalAnthem^c

Anther^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anther`
Description	An anther is the pollen-bearing part of a flower's stamen. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anther' in WordNet: 1. anther - (the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk)`
Super-classes	PlantReproductiveStructure^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value Pollen^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Stamen^c

Anthology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anthology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthology' in WordNet: 1. anthology - (a collection of selected literary passages)`
Super-classes	Compendium^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value LiteraryWork^c

Anthracite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anthracite

Description

''Anthracite'' is a form of ''Coal'' that has little organic material other than pure carbon.

        RHW: a mineral coal containing little of the volatile hydrocarbons 
            and burning almost without flame; hard coal.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthracite' in WordNet:
          1. anthracite, anthracite coal, hard coal - 
             (a hard natural coal that burns slowly and gives intense heat)

Super-classes Coal^c

Anthrax-Bacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anthrax-Bacterium`
Description	CYC 'Anthrax-Bacterium': A collection. Each instance is a sample of the #$Bacterium Bacillus anthracis which is responsible for a usually fatal hemorrhagic disease of wild and domesticated livestock, especially cattle and sheep. Humans may become infected with Anthrax via contamination of a wound or by inhaling the organism. Anthrax infections in humans are often fatal if not treated early. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthrax bacillus' in WordNet: 1. Bacillus anthracis, anthrax bacillus - (a species of bacillus that causes anthrax in humans and in animals (cattle and swine and sheep and rabbits and mice and guinea pigs); can be used a bioweapon)`
Super-classes	LivingBiologicalAgent^c Bacillus^c GramPositiveBacterium^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value AnthraxInfection^c

AnthraxInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnthraxInfection`
Description	An instance of #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType, and a specialization of #$BacterialInfection. Each instance of #$AnthraxInfection is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis (see the collection #$Anthrax-Bacterium). Important specializations of #$AnthraxInfection include the collections #$InhalationalAnthrax and #$CutaneousAnthrax. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'anthrax' in WordNet: 2. anthrax - (a disease of humans that is not communicable; caused by infection with Bacillus anthracis followed by septicemia)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c LifeThreateningCondition^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value Anthrax-Bacterium^c

Anthropogenic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anthropogenic

Description

''Anthropogenic'' characterizes any Event or EventType that is caused by the actions of ''Person''s, expecially the human race as a whole.

       RHUDEL adj. 'anthropogenic':  'caused or produced by humans'

       Does *not* corresponds to the *goss* of the adjective sense 1 of 'anthropogenic' (the only
        sense) which seems to be a defnition of 'anthropoloogical' and perhaps
        conflated with 'anthropogenetic' in WN, but the Wn synset is used here.
         in Wordnet:
         1. anthropogenetic, anthropogenic - (of or relating to the study of the 
             origins and development of human beings)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AnthropogenicGlobalWarming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnthropogenicGlobalWarming`
Description	''AnthropogenicGlobalWarming'' is the portion of a ''GlobalWarming"'' Event that can be attributed to activities of people, especially burning fuels that put ''CarbonDioxide'' into the atmosphere. which serves to reduce heat radiation from the Earth, and to 'trap' heat that otherwise would escape to space. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'global warming' in WordNet: 1. global warming - (an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes))`
Super-classes	GlobalWarming^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c isCausedBy^op value EmittingCarbonDioxide^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Anthropogenic^c isCausedBy^op value EmittingMethane^c isCausedBy^op value HumanActivity^c

AnthropoidApe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnthropoidApe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthropoid ape' in WordNet: 1. anthropoid ape - (any tailless ape of the families Pongidae and Hylobatidae)`
Super-classes	Ape^c
Sub-classes	LesserApe^c Gibbon^c GreatApe^c

Anthropological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anthropological

Description

Pertaining to 'Ethnography' and its methods and activities undertaken in investigations..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anthropological' in Wordnet:
          1. anthropological - (of or concerned with the science of anthropology; 'anthropological studies')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Anthropologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anthropologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthropologist' in WordNet: 1. (3) anthropologist - (a social scientist who specializes in anthropology)`
Super-classes	SocialScientist^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Anthropology^c
Sub-classes	Archaeologist^c

Anthropology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anthropology`
Description	the 'SocialScience' concerned with how societies have formed and changed, and their properties. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthropology' in WordNet: 1. (2) anthropology - (the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings)`
Super-classes	SocialScience^c
Sub-classes	Archaeology^c Ethnography^c

Anti-American^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anti-American`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anti-American' in Wordnet: 1. anti-American - (opposed to the United States and its policies)`
Super-classes	Opposed^c

Anti-AmericanPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anti-AmericanPerson

Description

An ''Anti-AmericanPerson'' is a Person who 'opposes' the UnitedStates or Americans generally, in some manner, for political or social or ideological reasons.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anti-American' in WordNet:
           1. anti-American - (a person who is opposed to the United States and its policies)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
Person^c

Anti-depressant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anti-depressant`
Description	This 'Anti-depressant'' is the attribute of an ''AntiDepressant'' drug, and of the effect(s) of an ''AntiDepressant'' drug in reducing depression.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

AntiDepressant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiDepressant`
Description	Drugs which treat psychic depression. COSMOnote:intense persistent 'depression' is represented by ''ClinicalDepression'' which may not be identical to psychological diagnostic criteria. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antidepressant' in WordNet: 1. antidepressant, antidepressant drug - (any of a class of drugs used to treat depression; often have undesirable side effects)`
Super-classes	Role^c DrugSubstance^c Tranquilizer^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value ClinicalDepression^c

AntiDiabeticDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiDiabeticDrug`
Description	Class of drugs normally used to combat diabetes. `antidiabetic drug`
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c Role^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Diabetes^c

AntiEmetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiEmetic`
Description	Drugs which prevent or reduce nausea and vomitting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiemetic drug' in WordNet: 1. antiemetic, antiemetic drug - (a drug that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Nausea^c

AntiFreeze^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiFreeze`
Description	Radiator fluid used to cool internal combustion engines. `Specific for use in ''RadiatorFluid''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antifreeze' in WordNet: 1. antifreeze - (a liquid added to the water in a cooling system to lower its freezing point)`
Super-classes	Additive^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value RadiatorFluid^c

AntiInflammatory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiInflammatory`
Description	Drugs which reduce inflammation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anti-inflammatory' in WordNet: 1. anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory drug - (a medicine intended to reduce inflammation)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Inflammation^c
Sub-classes	NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory^c

AntiSemite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiSemite`
Description	`RHW: a person who discriminates against or is prejudiced or hostile toward Jews. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anti-semite' in WordNet: 1. (5) anti-Semite, Jew-baiter - (someone who hates and would persecute Jews)`
Super-classes	Racist^c Believer^c
Restrictions	isaPersonFeeling^op value AntiSemitism^c believes^op value AntiSemitism^c
Sub-classes	Nazi^c

AntiSemitic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiSemitic

Description

'AntiSemitic is a AttributeValue characterizing a Peron as an ''AntiSemite''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antisemitic' in Wordnet:
         1. anti-semitic, antisemitic - (relating to or characterized by anti-Semitism; hating Jews)

Super-classes Racistic^c
Unfriendly^c

AntiSemitism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiSemitism`
Description	''AntiSemitism'' is a form of ''Racism'' (a ''Bias'') that predisposes a Person to believe bad things about Jews. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antisemitism' in WordNet: 1. anti-Semitism, antisemitism - (the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people)`
Super-classes	Racism^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op only AntiSemite^c

AntiTheftDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiTheftDevice`
Description
Super-classes	SecurityDevice^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	Key^c Lock^c

AntiToxin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiToxin`
Description	CYC: drugs used to counteract the effects of toxins. (See ''Toxin''). NOTE that the restriction mentions a ''PoisoningCondition'' which is generic including poisoning by a ''Toxin''. Can be more specific when more specific poisonings are represented. NOTE:this is for the Antibody Drug used as an 'antitoxin'. RHW has two senses, this is sense 2: 1. a substance, formed in the body, that counteracts a specific toxin. 2. the antibody formed in immunization with a given toxin, used in treating certain infectious diseases or in immunizing against them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antitoxin' in WordNet: 1. antitoxin - (an antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin)
Super-classes	Role^c Inhibitor^c Antibody^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value PoisoningCondition^c

Antibacterial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antibacterial

Description

''Antibacterial'' agents are ''Therapeutic'' by being inhibitory to growth of bacteria, preventing or curing ''BacterialInfection''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antibacterial' in Wordnet:
           1. antibacterial - (destroying bacteria or inhibiting their growth)

Super-classes Therapeutic^c

Antibiotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antibiotic`
Description	drugs used against bacterial infections. Originally this term referred only to substances derived from microorganisms, but it has been used more generally to refer to any drug that can kill bacteria. This COSMO element includes the broader meaning, e.g. the synthetic 'quinolone antibiotics': LIST OF QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS - ofloxacin(Floxin), levofloxacin(Levaquin, Tavanic), ciprofloxacin(Cipro,Baycip, Cetraxal, Ciflox, Cifran, Ciplox, Cyprobay, Quintor), norfloxacin(Noroxin, Amicrobin, Anquin, Baccidal, Barazan, Biofloxin,Floxenor, Fulgram, Janacin, Lexinor, Norofin, Norxacin, Orixacin,Oroflox, Urinox, Zoroxin), enoxacin(Penetrex), lomefloxacin(Maxaquin), grepafloxacin(Raxar), trovafloxacin(Trovan), sparfloxacin(Zagam), temafloxacin(Omniflox), moxifloxacin(Avelox), gatifloxacin(Tequin), gemifloxacin SUMO: A BiologicallyActiveSubstance than can kill instances of Bacterium. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'antibiotic' in WordNet: 1. antibiotic, antibiotic drug - (a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that kills microorganisms and cures infections; 'when antibiotics were first discovered they were called wonder drugs')
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value BacterialInfection^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Antibacterial^c
Sub-classes	Penicillin^c Ciprofloxacin^c Amoxicillin^c Erythromycin^c BenzoylPeroxide^c ImipenemCilastatinSodium^c

AntibioticType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntibioticType`
Description	An instance of ''AntibioticType'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that is an instance of a ''DrugSubstanceType'' used to treat some ''BacterialInfection'.
Super-classes	DrugSubstanceType^c
Members	BenzoylPeroxide ImipenemCilastatinSodium Erythromycin Penicillin Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Amoxicillin

Antibody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antibody`
Description	An ''Antibody'' is ''Protein'' created by cells in the immune system to fight what is perceived as a 'foreign' agent in the body. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antibody' in WordNet: 1. (17) antibody - (any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response)`
Super-classes	Protein^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value ImmuneResponse^c isaParticipantIn^op some ImmuneResponse^c
Sub-classes	AntiToxin^c

Anticipated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anticipated

Description

''Anticipated'' characterizes something that is expected to happen, but has not yet happened. This would typically be an Event, but the same term is used to refer to objects that are created by an Event.

      NOTE:use of this attribute implies that there is a Person who is doing the 
        'anticipating' and 'hoping for' the thing so characterized.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anticipated' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) anticipated, awaited, hoped-for - (expected hopefully)

Super-classes ExistenceValue^c
Nonexistent^c

Anticipating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anticipating`
Description	''Anticipating'' is an attribute of any Person who is experiencing an ''ExpectingSomething'' state. This type does not imply any emotions in the Person so described. See subtypes.
Super-classes	AwareOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	Expectant^c Pessimistic^c Optimistic^c

Anticipation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anticipation`
Description	'Anticipation' here is a subtype of 'Expectation' that includes a desire for something to happen along with a belief that it will happen. 'Looking forward with pleasure to . . .' Q: should the desire and belief be separate things, or, as here, can they be merged into one mental state?? NOTE that the 'FutureSituation' anticipated is now a 'DesiredFutureSituation' Includes noun sense 2 of 'expectation' and verb sense 1 of 'await' and verb sense 1 of 'expect' in WordNet: 2. (4) anticipation, expectation - (wishing with confidence of fulfillment) WN verb 'await': 1. (25) expect, look, await, wait - (look forward to the probable occurrence of; 'We were expecting a visit from our relatives'; 'She is looking to a promotion'; 'he is waiting to be drafted') WN verb 'expect': 1. (889) expect, anticipate - (regard something as probable or likely; 'The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow')
Super-classes	ExpectingSomething^c Desire^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some DesiredFutureSituation^c

Anticipation-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anticipation-Feeling`
Description	Emotion accompanying an expectation of something pleasant in the foreseeable future. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'anticipation' in WordNet: 1. (4) anticipation, expectancy - (pleasurable expectation)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Enthusiasm^c

Anticipatory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anticipatory`
Description	''Anticipatory'' characterizes an Action taken due to some expectation of another Event occurring.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anticipatory' in WordNet: 1. anticipatory, prevenient - (in anticipation)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Pre-emptive^c

Anticoagulant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anticoagulant`
Description	Drugs that prevent or reduce ''BloodCoagulation'' (the clotting of blood). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anticoagulant' in WordNet: 1. anticoagulant, anticoagulant medication, decoagulant - (medicine that prevents or retards the clotting of blood)`
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c Role^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value BloodCoagulation^c

Antics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antics`
Description	An ''Antics'' is ''ActionGroup'' consisting of one or more ''Prank''s. `No separate WN sense for this plural.`
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Prank^c

Antidote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antidote`
Description	A ''Antidote'' is a ''DrugSubstance'' that treats a ''PoisoningCondition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antidote' in WordNet: 1. antidote, counterpoison - (a remedy that stops or controls the effects of a poison)`
Super-classes	Role^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value PoisoningCondition^c

Antifungal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antifungal

Description

''Antifungal'' agents are ''Therapeutic'' by being inhibitory to growth of fungi, preventing or curing ''FungalInfection''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antifungal' in Wordnet:
         1. fungicidal, antifungal - (capable of destroying fungi)

Super-classes Therapeutic^c

AntifungalDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntifungalDrug`
Description	CYC: 'Antifungal' Drugs which are used to prevent or fight infections caused by fungi. `NOTE that the term ''fungicide' is used to label agents that can kill fungi even when they are not infecting an organism, as the mold that grows on damp walls. this type is only for the drugs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antifungal' in WordNet: 1. antifungal, antifungal agent, fungicide, antimycotic, antimycotic agent - (any agent that destroys or prevents the growth of fungi)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Antifungal^c isUsedToTreat^op value FungalInfection^c

Antigen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antigen`
Description	CYC: The collection of substances that can stimulate immune response. For example, bacteria [#$Bacterium], #$Viruses, proteins [#$ProteinMolecule] can serve as #$Antigens. `SUMO: Any BiologicallyActiveSubstance that has the capacity to stimulate the production of Antibodies. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (11) antigen - (any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies))`
Super-classes	BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c SubstanceRole^c
Sub-classes	Vaccine^c AntigenA^c

AntigenA^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntigenA`
Description	SUMO: An Antigen that is carried in the red blood cells of those with BloodTypeA.
Super-classes	Antigen^c

Antigravity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antigravity`
Description	''Antigravity'' is a Fictional force or anti-force that might be controlled by a device to allow objects to escape a gravitational attractive force. There is as yet no evidence that such a force does or can exist. NOTE: the expansion of the universe is not due to an antigravity force, but a different property of space-time. `RHW 'antigravity': 2. a controllable force that can be made to act against the force of gravity. No WN sense for this.`
Super-classes	FictionalThing^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Gravity^c isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value Force^c

Antihistamine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antihistamine

Description

Drugs which are used to alleviate the symptoms associated with allergies.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antihistamine' in WordNet:
          1. antihistamine - (a medicine used to treat allergies 
             and hypersensitive reactions and colds; works by counteracting 
             the effects of histamine on a receptor site)

Super-classes DrugSubstance^c
Role^c

Antihypertensive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antihypertensive`
Description	Drugs which are used to reduce high blood pressure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antihypertensive' in WordNet: 1. antihypertensive, antihypertensive drug - (a drug that reduces high blood pressure)`
Super-classes	Role^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Hypertension^c
Sub-classes	BetaBlocker^c Diuretic^c

AntimalarialDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntimalarialDrug`
Description	An ''AntimalarialDrug'' is a ''DrugSubstance'' that inhibits the growth of and may also kill the Malaria protozoan. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antimalarial drug' in WordNet: 1. antimalarial, antimalarial drug - (a medicinal drug used to prevent or treat malaria)`
Super-classes	Role^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Malaria^c
Sub-classes	Quinine^c

Antimatter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antimatter

Description

'Antimatter' is any PhysicalSubstance that is composed of antimatter particles.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antimatter' in WordNet:
          1. antimatter - (matter consisting of elementary particles that are the
            antiparticles of those making up normal matter)

Super-classes PhysicalSubstance^c

Antimony^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antimony

Description

AntimonyStuff. A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of antimony; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antimony' in WordNet:
          1. antimony, Sb, atomic number 51 - 
             (a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
CommodityProduct^c
ChemicalElement^c

Antioxidant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antioxidant`
Description	$Antioxidants reduce the risk of free radical `health related problems, such as #$Cancer and #$Atherosclerosis, by preventing oxidation which could cause a change in the ways cells differentiate. NOTE: the type of ''Oxidation'' in the body inhibited by an ''Antioxidant'' or the kind that causes spoilage in food still needs to be added - not included as of rev1511. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antioxidant' in WordNet: 1. antioxidant - (substance that inhibits oxidation or inhibits reactions promoted by oxygen or peroxides)`
Super-classes	Inhibitor^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Oxidation^c
Sub-classes	VitaminE^c VitaminC^c

Antipathetic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antipathetic

Description

''Antipathetic'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who strongly disikes or is opposed to something (of any type - objects,actions, ideas).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antipathetic' in Wordnet:
         1. antipathetic, antipathetical, averse, indisposed, loath, loth -
            ((usually followed by 'to') strongly opposed; 'antipathetic to new ideas'; 
            'averse to taking risks'; 'loath to go on such short notice'; 
            'clearly indisposed to grant their request')

Super-classes Opposed^c

Antipathy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antipathy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antipathy' in WordNet: 1. (2) antipathy, aversion, distaste - (a feeling of intense dislike)`
Super-classes	Dislike^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some Person^c

Antiperspirant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antiperspirant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiperspirant' in WordNet: 1. antiperspirant - (an astringent substance applied to the skin to reduce perspiration)`
Super-classes	ToiletrySubstance^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Sweating^c

AntiprotozoalDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiprotozoalDrug`
Description	An ''AntiprotozoalDrug'' is a ''DrugSubstance'' that inhibits the growth of and may also kill pathogenic ptrotozoa. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiprotozoal drug' in WordNet: 1. antiprotozoal, antiprotozoal drug - (a medicinal drug used to fight diseases (like malaria) that are caused by protozoa)`
Super-classes	Role^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value ProtozoalInfection^c

Antipyretic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antipyretic`
Description	Drugs which reduce fever. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antipyretic' in WordNet: 1. antipyretic, febrifuge - (any medicine that lowers body temperature to prevent or alleviate fever)`
Super-classes	Role^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Fever^c
Sub-classes	Ibuprofen^c

Antiquated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antiquated

Description

''Antiquated'' suggests a longer period of disuse than 'Outdated''. This is the attribute of things - objects, practices, laws, events - that have not been used or practiced or enforced for more than 100 years.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antiquated' in Wordnet:
         1. antediluvian, antiquated, archaic -
           (so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period; 
           'a ramshackle antediluvian tenement'; 'antediluvian ideas'; 'archaic laws')

Super-classes Outdated^c

Antique^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antique

Description

COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to artifacts that were created more than 25 years before the time point of reference. usually 'antique' means over 100 years old. This sense is not for people or actions, or time periods. For those sense, use 'old' or

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antique' in WordNet:
        1. (2) antique - (made in or typical of earlier times and valued
           for its age; 'the beautiful antique French furniture')

Super-classes Old^c

AntiqueObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiqueObject`
Description	An 'AntiqueObject' is an artifact that is very old, and has some value for that reason. Usually an 'AntiqueObject' will be at least 100 years old, but the borderline between old and antique can be fuzzy; at the minimum it should be over 50 years old and of a type no longer in common use. For very old objects that are not antiques (e.g. fossils), use 'Old' or 'Ancient'. This type is not just for valuable antiques. That could be represented as a subtype, but is not yet (rev791) in COSMO. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'antique' in WordNet; this COSMO sense does not require that an AntiqueObject be valuable or beautiful or rare, only that it be very old: in WordNet: 2. antique - (any piece of furniture or decorative object or the like produced in a former period and valuable because of its beauty or rarity)`
Super-classes	SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Antique^c
Sub-classes	Petroglyph^c

Antiquity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antiquity`
Description	''Antiquity'' is the ''HistoricalPeriod'' that precedes the ''MiddleAges'',mostly referring to Europe and the MiddleEast. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiquity' in WordNet: 1. (1) antiquity - (the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe)`
Super-classes	HistoricalPeriod^c
Restrictions	precedes^op value MiddleAges^c

Antiseptic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antiseptic`
Description	Drug product which is intended to kill germs. Nearly always used topically. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiseptic' in WordNet: 1. antiseptic - (a substance that destroys micro-organisms that carry disease without harming body tissues)`
Super-classes	TopicalSkinApplication^c DrugProduct^c
Restrictions	canKill^op value Microorganism^c

Antisocial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antisocial

Description

''Antisocial'' can have varying degres, which might be distinguishable,but as yet are not differentiated. This sense is for behaviors which are unpleasant to other peopel, or for the people who perform such behaviors.

         NOTE:    The sense of 'antisocial' meaning 'avoiding social contact with other people'
           is represented by ''Asocial''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antisocial' in Wordnet:
           2. antisocial, asocial - (hostile to or disruptive of normal standards 
              of social behavior; 'criminal behavior or conduct that violates 
              the rights of other individuals is antisocial'; 'crimes...and other asocial behavior';
              'an antisocial deed')

Super-classes Unpleasant^c

AntisocialAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntisocialAction`
Description	An 'AntisocialAction' is a 'deceitful or illegal' Action that is harmful or potentially harmful to some Person(s), performed intentionally by some Person(s). `The type of Person who would do such a thing is termed a 'BadGuy' in COSMO. This Role can be for onyl a single event, or could be habitual.`
Super-classes	EvilDeed^c UnpleasantEvent^c PurposefulAction^c UndesirableEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some BadGuy^c
Sub-classes	Crime^c TerroristAct^c Colluding^c OutrageousAction^c HostileSocialAction^c

Antitank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antitank`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antitank' in Wordnet: 1. antitank - (designed for defense against armored vehicles)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AntitankWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntitankWeapon`
Description	`No WN sense for 'antitank weapon'.`
Super-classes	MilitaryWeapon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Antitank^c
Sub-classes	Bazooka^c

Antler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antler`
Description	The deciduous horn (lost every summer) that grows on the head of a ''Stag'' (a male ''Deer''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antler' in WordNet: 1. antler - (deciduous horn of a member of the deer family)`
Super-classes	Horn^c BranchedObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Multipronged^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value StagDeer^c

AntleredStag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntleredStag`
Description	The typical adult male of some Deer species, in the winter, carries antlers. But these fall off every year, so this character cannot be asserted of every male, even the typical ones. At this point (rev977) the time-dependent nature of this character is not represented. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stag' in WordNet: 2. stag - (adult male deer)`
Super-classes	StagDeer^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op some Antler^c

Antonym^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antonym`
Description	This type represents an ''Antonym'' as a ''Word'' which is a LinguisticObject, but in order to use the relation ''isTheOppositeOf'', it is categorized as an instance of ''QualitativeAttributeType'', which is usually used for attributes in their actual meanings, not their linguistic representations. This conflation probably should be reworked, perhaps by adding a relation 'isTheAntonymOf' - but the relation 'isTheOppositeOf' also needs to be related in some way. NOTE that 'hasAbstractStringRepresentation' can be used to relate attributes such as ''Good'' to the words. Not yet added. The restriction requires that for every ''Antonym'' represented as an instance of this type, there must be a representation of its antonym, also represented as an instance of this type. The instances ''Word_Good'' and ''Word_Bad'' are used as examples of this usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antonym' in WordNet: 1. antonym, opposite word, opposite - (a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other; 'to him the antonym of 'gay' was 'depressed'')
Super-classes	Word^c
Restrictions	isTheOppositeOf^op some Antonym^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Good http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Bad

Anus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anus`
Description	Posterior opening of the digestive tract. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anus' in WordNet: 1. anus, arse, arsehole, asshole - (excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal)`
Super-classes	OuterPhysicalSurface^c ExternalOrifice^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op value Rectum^c

Anvil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anvil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anvil' in Wordnet: 1. (1) anvil - (a heavy block of iron or steel on which hot metals are shaped by hammering)`
Super-classes	Block^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Iron^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ShapingSomething^c

Anxiety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anxiety`
Description	'Anxiety' is a 'Concern' strong enough to produce a mild unhappiness due to the anticipation of the possible occurrence of an unpleasant event in the future. `Includes both short-term and long-term anxiety, senses 1 and 2 of 'anxiety' in WordNet: 1. (20) anxiety, anxiousness - (a relatively permanent state of anxiety occurring in a variety of mental disorders) 2. (9) anxiety - (a vague unpleasant emotion that is experienced in anticipation of some (usually ill-defined) misfortune)`
Super-classes	Concern^c Unhappiness^c
Sub-classes	FeelingOfInsecurity^c Nervousness^c Worry^c Angst^c

AnxietyDisorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnxietyDisorder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anxiety disorder' in WordNet: 1. anxiety disorder - (a cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom)`
Super-classes	PsychologicalAilment^c
Sub-classes	Phobia^c

Anxious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anxious`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Anxiety; mildly unhappy. The less intense levels of psychological discomfort are represented as ''Nervous'' and ''Concerned''. More intense is ''Worried'' NOTE: can one be anxious and happy at the same time? Depends on the degrees of each of the antagonistic feelings. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'anxious' in WordNet, applying only to people ('an anxious night' must be interpreted as the person being anxious): in WordNet: 2. anxious, nervous, queasy, uneasy, unquiet - (causing or fraught with or showing anxiety; 'spent an anxious night waiting for the test results'; 'cast anxious glances behind her'; 'those nervous moments before takeoff'; 'an unquiet mind')
Super-classes	Unhappy^c Nervous^c
Sub-classes	Worried^c

Anxiously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anxiously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'anxiously' in Wordnet: 1. (7) anxiously, uneasily, apprehensively - (with anxiety or apprehension; 'we watched anxiously')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Anybody^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anybody

Description

'Anybody' is a Person that is unknown or unspecified or not yet determined.

            WordNet has no entry for 'anybody' or 'anyone'

Super-classes UnknownAgent^c
Person^c

Aorta^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aorta

Description

CYC: The collection of all aortas. An #$Aorta is the main #$Artery in a body, containing oxygenated #$Blood, leaving the #$Heart and relaying #$Blood to the arterial network.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aorta' in WordNet:
          1. (3) aorta - (the large trunk artery that carries blood 
             from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries)

Super-classes Artery^c

Apache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apache`
Description	''Apache'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to An 'ApachePerson'' or the things associated with the tribe or its culture.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ApachePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApachePerson`
Description	An ''ApachePerson'' is an ''Athapaskan'' (an ''AmericanIndian''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Apache' in WordNet: 1. (2) Apache - (any member of Athapaskan tribes that migrated to the southwestern desert (from Arizona to Texas and south into Mexico); fought a losing battle from 1861 to 1886 with the United States and were resettled in Oklahoma)`
Super-classes	Athapaskan^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op only NativeAmericans^c

Apartheid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apartheid`
Description	''Apartheid'' is a form of ''Segregation'' practiced by official government policy in South Africa. Separate regions of the country ('bantustans') were set apart for use of black African natives and they were restricted in where they could travel in the other parts of the country. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apartheid' in WordNet: 1. apartheid - (a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites; the former official policy in South Africa)`
Super-classes	Restriction^c SocialSystem^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value StateOfSegregation^c

Apartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apartment`
Description	An apartment where people live. SUMO: A SingleFamilyResidence that is not owned by any member of the SocialUnit that lives there. COSMO note: slight difference: in COSMO the distinction between an 'Apartment' and a 'CondominiumUnit' is that the former is a living unit in a building that is owned by one LegalAgent, whether or not the LegalAgent lives in that Apartment, whereas the latter is owned by someone who doesn't own the whole building, whether or not the owner lives in the CondominiumUnit. Apartments in condominiums where the units are owned by different people (who may or may not live in their owned units) are classified as 'CondominiumUnit'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apartment' in WordNet: 1. (32) apartment, flat - (a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house)
Super-classes	MultiRoomUnit^c SingleResidenceUnit^c
Sub-classes	Penthouse^c

ApartmentBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApartmentBuilding`
Description	A building which contains a mob of separate apartments, each of which is a #$ModernHumanResidence itself. `NOTE: it may also contain a lobby, parking spaces,or other things besides apartents. SUMO: A ResidentialBuilding containing ApartmentUnits. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'apartment building' in Wordnet: 1. (3) apartment building, apartment house - (a building that is divided into apartments)`
Super-classes	ResidentialBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Apartment^c

Apatite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apatite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apatite' in WordNet: 1. apatite - (a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c PhosphorusCompound^c Mineral^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Calcium^c

Ape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ape`
Description	Various Primates with no tails or only short tails. Cyc: A specialization of #$Primate and #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of #$Ape is a tailless primate belonging to the family Pongidae (of which there are 11 species), native to central Africa and South Asia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ape' in WordNet: 1. (1) ape - (any of various primates with short tails or no tail at all)`
Super-classes	Primate^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	AnthropoidApe^c

Aperture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aperture`
Description	This is a broad sense of ''Aperture'' that collects all the subsidiary senses both natural and artifactual, that are designed by Mankind or Evolution to allow things (objects, fluids, light) to pass through an otherwise impenetrable barrier, such as a ''SheetOfSOmeStuff''. Used for biological 'apertures' in body structures or holes in containers through which fluids can passt, or variable openings such as that in a camera that controls the amount of light allowed to pass onto the photosensitive detector (film or electronic). The subtypes will specify the kind of thing whose passage is facilitated. `Includes noun senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'aperture' in WordNet: 1. (1) aperture - (a device that controls amount of light admitted) 2. aperture - (a natural opening in something) 3. aperture - (an man-made opening; usually small)`
Super-classes	Opening^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RegulatingPassage^c allowsOrAssists^op some PassingThroughPortal^c
Sub-classes	OrganismAperture^c OpeningInAnArtifact^c LightAperture^c

Apiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apiece

Description

''Apiece'' is an AdverbialModifier that usually modifies some quantity of an Object or Substance that is transferred or removed to or from some place or object. Often this refers to things transferred to people in some form of distribution.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'apiece' in WordNet:
         1. (2) each, to each one, for each one, from each one, apiece -
           (to or from every one of two or more (considered individually);
           'they received $10 each')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Apocalypse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apocalypse`
Description	An ''Apocalypse'' is a ''Disaster'' postuated in some religions in which the World (and perhaps the whole universe?) ends and all lliving people die and are judged. `NOTE: this is a type rather than a single instance because there are various scenarios postulated for how this happens, and each would be a subtype or instance. The term 'apocalypse' is also used metaphorically for some event that causes great destruction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apocalypse' in WordNet: 1. apocalypse - (a cosmic cataclysm in which God destroys the ruling powers of evil)`
Super-classes	Disaster^c
Restrictions	causes^op value JudgmentDay^c causes^op min 2000 causes^op value EndOfheWorld^c
Sub-classes	PossibleFutureApocalypse^c

Apocalyptic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apocalyptic

Description

''Apocalyptic'' is the ''PertainingAttributeValue'' that pertains to an ''Apocalypse''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'apocalyptic' in WordNet:
          2. apocalyptic - (of or relating to an apocalypse)

Super-classes Foreboding^c

Apocalyptical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apocalyptical

Description

''Apocalyptic'' is a degree of ''Foreboding'' suggesting some likelihood of an 'Apocalypse''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'apocalyptic' in WordNet:
          1. (1) apocalyptic, apocalyptical, revelatory - (prophetic of devastation or ultimate doom)

Super-classes Foreboding^c

ApodiformBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApodiformBird`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apodiform bird' in WordNet: 1. apodiform bird - (nonpasserine bird having long wings and weak feet; spends much of its time in flight)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	Hummingbird^c

Apologizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apologizing`
Description	''Apologizing'' is a Communication expressing ''Regret'' for something the Actor did. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'apologize' in WordNet: 1. (3) apologize, apologise - (acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing; 'I apologized for being late'; 'He apologized for the many typoes')`
Super-classes	Communication^c ExpressingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Apology^c hasTopic^op value Regret^c

Apology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apology`
Description	An ''Apology'' is a ''LinguisticAssertion'' in which the Actor expresses ''Regret'' to another agent for some action of the Actor that has or may have offended or harmed the other agent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apology' in WordNet: 1. (2) apology - (an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone; 'he wrote a letter of apology to the hostess')`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Offending^c hasTopic^op value Regret^c

Apostle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apostle

Description

An ''Apostle'' is ''Believer'' in some idea with sufficient strength of conviction that that Person tries to get others to believe it.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apostle' in WordNet:
          1. apostle - (an ardent early supporter of a cause or reform; 
                   'an apostle of revolution')

Super-classes Believer^c

ApostleOfChrist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApostleOfChrist`
Description	This ''ApostleOfChrist'' is any one of the original twelve ''Apostle''s mentoned in the ''NewTestament'' gospels. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Apostle' in WordNet: 3. Apostle - ((New Testament) one of the original 12 disciples chosen by Christ to preach his gospel)`
Super-classes	ChristianPerson^c DeadPerson^c ReligiousLeader^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value NewTestament^c

Apostrophe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apostrophe

Description

A ''Apostrophe'' is a 'PunctuationMark' (') that is used variously to signify some omitted characters in a word (as with the possessive "'s"), or in a pair (that is more formally designated with a different typographical character) , to delineate some segment of text that stands alone as one entity, or for various other purposes.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'apostrophe' in WordNet:
        2. apostrophe - (the mark (') used to indicate the omission
             of one or more letters from a printed word)

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

Appalachian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appalachian

Description

       NOTE: this sense of ''Appalachian'' is broader than the WN gloss suggests,
          including the people and the ''AppalachianMountains'' as reference objects.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Appalachian' in Wordnet:
          1. Appalachian - (in or relating to Appalachia)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AppalachianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppalachianPerson`
Description	Not necessarily ''isaNativeOf'' Appalachia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Appalachian' in WordNet: 1. Appalachian - (a native or inhabitant of Appalachia)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	residesIn^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appalachia^c

Appalled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appalled

Description

''Planned'' is the attribute of an ''Event'' or Object that was the subject of a ''PlnningEvent''prior to its execution.or creation.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'appalled' in WordNet:
         1. aghast, appalled, dismayed, shocked - (struck with fear, dread, or consternation)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Appalling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appalling

Description

''Appalling'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events) that cause a ''Scandalizing'' Event. See also related 'Dismaying''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'appalling' in WordNet:
       1. (4) appalling, dismaying - (causing consternation; 'appalling conditions')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Apparatus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apparatus`
Description	A Device or group of devices that as some level of complexity and needs some training to learn how to use properly, and is an Equipment on hand to be used for some particular activity. This is approximately sense 2 in the Random House Webster: Senses 3 and 4 are metaphorical and not included in this sense. Sense 1 and 2 are sense 1 in WordNet 2.1: . (22) apparatus, setup - (equipment designed to serve a specific function) This type is intended to include Groups of devices, though the term is often applied to one devce that is somewhat complicated. A single Device should be classified as a ''Deice'' or on of its subtypes. COSMO: 'The apparatus used to perform the experiment was all purchased using the foundation grant.' Includes RHW senses 1 and 2: 1. a group or combination of instruments, machinery, tools, materials, etc., having a particular function or intended for a specific use: Our town has excellent fire-fighting apparatus. 2. any complex instrument or mechanism for a particular purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apparatus' in WordNet: 1. (22) apparatus, setup - (equipment designed to serve a specific function)
Super-classes	Equipment^c
Sub-classes	NuclearReactor^c LightingEquipment^c Centrifuge^c Still^c

Apparent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apparent`
Description	''Apparent'' is an attribute of Assertions, or propositions or inferences that are considered (appear to be) probable given the observations at hand. For a higher degree of this meaning,used in some contexts, use ''Obvious'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apparent' in WordNet: 2. (8) apparent, ostensible, seeming - (appearing as such but not necessarily so; 'for all his apparent wealth he had no money to pay the rent'; 'the committee investigated some apparent discrepancies'; 'the ostensible truth of their theories'; 'his seeming honesty')`
Super-classes	Clear^c
Sub-classes	Obvious^c

Apparition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apparition`
Description	An ''Apparition'' is a ''ConsciousActivity'' in which a Person believes s/he is perceiving something that is not by physical measures present. This type is neutral as to whether this is purely an ''Imagining'' (as most people would suppose) or in fact a direct supernatural effect on a person's conscousness. It is in any case not a ''Perceiving'', since the Event is not due to sensory pereption, but is initiated internally in the mind, whether by a person's imagination or by superatural means. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 3 of 'apparition' in WordNet: 2. apparition - (the appearance of a ghostlike figure; 'I was recalled to the present by the apparition of a frightening specter')`
Super-classes	ConsciousActivity^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op value Phantom^c
Sub-classes	MysticalVision^c

Appeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appeal`
Description	An ''Appeal'' is a Requesting (an Action) that is done from a feeling of urgency. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appeal' in WordNet: 1. (9) entreaty, prayer, appeal - (earnest or urgent request; 'an entreaty to stop the fighting'; 'an appeal for help'; 'an appeal to the public to keep calm') WN verb 'appeal': 2. (2) appeal, invoke - (request earnestly (something from somebody); ask for aid or protection; 'appeal to somebody for help'; 'Invoke God in times of trouble') WN verb 'plead': 1. (10) plead - (appeal or request earnestly; 'I pleaded with him to stop')`
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Urgent^c
Sub-classes	Plea^c

Appealing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appealing`
Description	''Appealing'' is a subattribute of ''Attractive''; this is an AttributeValue of an object or event that causes more than minimal pleasure when observed or experienced. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'appealing' in WordNet: 1. (3) appealing - (able to attract interest or draw favorable attention; 'He added an appealing and memorable figure to popular American mythology'- Vincent Starrett; 'an appealing sense of humor'; 'the idea of having enough money to retire at fifty is very appealing') 2. (1) sympathetic, appealing, likeable, likable - ((of characters in literature or drama) evoking empathic or sympathetic feelings; 'the sympathetic characters in the play')
Super-classes	Attractive^c
Sub-classes	Lovable^c Cute^c Lovely^c Sexy^c Charming^c

Appearance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appearance`
Description	An Appearance is a ''Quality'' of a VisualPattern created by the light given off or reflected from points on the surface of a PhysicalObject. The pattern that can be simple (such as a silhouette), or can include complex relationships that are noticeable and are significant in the classification of the Appearance. `This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appearance' in WordNet: 1. (23) appearance, visual aspect - (outward or visible aspect of a person or thing)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value VisualPattern^c
Sub-classes	ImpressiveAppearance^c DocumentFormat^c SurfaceAppearance^c Countenance^c PhysicalAppearance^c

AppearanceAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppearanceAttribute`
Description	An AppearanceAttribute is an attribute of a Person that can be observed by looking at the person. Marks on the skin, even though they may be hidden when normal clothing is worn, are appearance attributes (e.g. tatoos on the buttocks)
Super-classes	BiologicalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Tasteful^c Beaded^c

AppearanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppearanceType`
Description	Each instance of ''AppearanceType'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing the external 'appereance' (light pattern) created by the Object with that QualitativeAttributeValue. `This includes subtypes of ''ColorAttribute''`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	TextureType^c ColorAttributeType^c ShapeType^c
Members	Strait LinearlyOrdered Smoky Hairless Pallid Multipronged Taller Ornamental Magnificent Wee Mustachioed HighReflectance VeryLarge Grand BrilliantlyShining Sleeveless Microscopic Detailed LongLegged Tidy Furry Light-NotDark Lean Sequential Prostrate Huge MostlyHorizontal Alarmed Thin Fancy Trim Regal Stately Tiny Graceful SharplyDefined Inclined Bushy Littered Sloped LargeEnoughToSee BrilliantlyLighted Colossal Steep Pale GrowingThickly Massive Bald Slender Long Bright Gigantic Ornate Horizontal Majestic ColorfullyInteresting Laconic Blinding Narrow Wiry LightColored Illuminated LongerThanWide Untidy Longitudinal Flamboyant Certified Tall LastingForSomeTime Supported WellLighted Hairy Vacant Forked Missed HighBacked Skinny Sunlit Woolly

AppearingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppearingEvent`
Description	An AppearingEvent is an Event in which some PhysicalObject which was not previously detctable (usually 'visible) visible to some observer becomes detectable to that observer. The AppearingEvent can be caused by motion of the object which appears, or by motion of some object between the observer and the object that appears, or by motion of the observer who gains a perspective that allows viewing the object. This to be a ''AppearingEvent'' does not mean that the thing that 'appears' was not previously visible to someone. This is interpreted from the perspective of the observer who is seeing the 'appearing' thing for the first time. NOTE: the emergence of things that are not 'visible' is best represented by one of the subtypes such as ''Emerging'' or ''IssuingForth''. It can also occur by some other change in the object, as by increase in size, or increase in luminosity, or increase in ambient light. It can also occur by the observer using some device that allows an otherwise imperceptible thing to become visible - e.g. a microscope, a telescope, or night-vision goggles. This does not include the sense of 'appears to be' (seems like) - for that sense use 'AppearingToBe'. NOTE that 'appearing' in the sense of coming into existence is represented by ''Arising''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'appear' in WordNet: 2. (102) appear - (come into sight or view; 'He suddenly appeared at the wedding'; 'A new star appeared on the horizon') WN verb 'pop up': 1. (4) crop up, pop up, pop - (appear suddenly or unexpectedly; "The farm popped into view as we turned the corner"; "He suddenly popped up out of nowhere") WN noun 'appearance': 2. (4) appearance - (the event of coming into sight)
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeBefore^op value Invisible^c hadMainParticipant^op some PhysicalObject^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Visible^c
Sub-classes	RevealingSomething^c Emerging^c Manifestation^c Reappearing^c LoomingInTheDistance^c

AppearingToBe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppearingToBe`
Description	'AppearingToBe' is the Event (possibly a StaticSituation) in which some Object or System or Event appears, to some observer, to be of a certain type, or some object appears to be a certain indvidual. This is the sense intended by phrases such as 'it looks like' 'it seems' 'it seems to be', and similar phrases. It can be used with very specific objects, or general situations ('it seems as though we are headed for a recession'). There must be at least one observer to whom the situation appears in that way, who does the perceiving leading to the seeming. The thing that it 'seems' to be is an Assertion referred to by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'; this can be, for example the assertion 'She is sleeping' for the AppearingToBe ''She seems to be sleeping'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'appear', sense 2 of 'look'and sense 1 of 'seem' in WordNet: 2. (127) look, appear, seem - (give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect; 'She seems to be sleeping'; 'This appears to be a very difficult problem'; 'This project looks fishy'; 'They appeared like people who had not eaten or slept for a long time')`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some (PropositionType^c or Assertion^c) hasSubEvent^op some Perceiving^c causes^op some Noticing^c
Sub-classes	LoomingOminously^c StandingOut^c MagicTrick^c

Appeasing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appeasing`
Description	''Appeasing'' is a ''CalmingaPerson'' that reduces the likelihood that the Person appeased will be angry with the appeaser. `NOTE: 'gentle' as a verb in this sense is in RHW: Rare usage? 13. to mollify; calm; pacify. BUT 'gruntle' is not in RHW. Leave it in, there is no other sense in RHW. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'appease' in WordNet: 1. (2) pacify, lenify, conciliate, assuage, appease, mollify, placate, gentle, gruntle - (cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of; 'She managed to mollify the angry customer')`
Super-classes	CalmingaPerson^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value Anger^c

Appellate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appellate

Description

''Appellate'' refers to a ''LegalAppeal'' or any of the Courts that hear such appeals, and sometimes to other types of 'appeal'. 'appellate jurisdiction'

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'appellate' in Wordnet:
          1. appellate, appellant - (of or relating to or taking account of appeals
             (usually legal appeals); 'appellate court')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
Judicial^c

AppellateCourt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppellateCourt

Description

An ''AppellateCourt'' is a ''Court-Judicial'' that hears ''LegalAppeal''s.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appellate court' in WordNet:
          1. appellate court, appeals court, court of appeals - 
             (a court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agencies)

Super-classes Court-Judicial^c

Appellation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appellation

Description

An ''Appellation'' is a ''Name'' used to refer to things, including people. Some ''Appelation''s are used to directly address people. For that latter function also see ''FormOfAddress''

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appellation' in WordNet:
         1. appellation, denomination, designation, appellative -
             (identifying word or words by which someone or something
             is called and classified or distinguished from others)

Super-classes Name^c

Appendage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appendage`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appendage' in WordNet: 2. process, outgrowth, appendage - (a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; 'a bony process')`
Super-classes	OrganismPart^c
Sub-classes	Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c Condyle^c HeadCrest^c Flagellum^c

Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appendage-AnimalBodyPart`
Description	An #$AnimalBodyPartType and a specialization of both #$ExternalAnatomicalPart and #$AnimalBodyPart. #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart is the collection of all appendages of #$Animals. An appendage is a body part that is connected to, and extends from, an animal's #$Torso (or from another of the animal's appendages, such as a hand extending from an arm). Each appendage is used by the #$Animal for one or more functions. Altogether, appendages serve a wide variety of functions, including locomotion, manipulation, sensing, fighting, scratching, heat dissipation, and balance. Note that appendages are not crucial for the life of the animal; thus a #$Neck-AnimalBodyPart or #$Head-AnimalBodyPart is not considered to be an appendage. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendage' in WordNet: 1. extremity, appendage, member - (an external body part that projects from the body; 'it is important to keep the extremities warm')`
Super-classes	Appendage^c Protrusion^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Penis^c Digit-AnatomicalPart^c Antenna-AnimalBodyPart^c Clitoris^c LabiaMajora^c Nose^c Claw^c Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c Hand^c Vulva^c ExternalSpine^c Foot^c TrunkOfAnElephant^c Tail^c Tentacle^c LongNose^c Fin^c AnimalSting^c LabiaMinora^c

Appendectomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appendectomy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendectomy' in WordNet: 1. appendectomy, appendicectomy - (surgical removal of the vermiform appendix)`
Super-classes	SurgicalTreatment^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Appendix^c hadAffectedBodypart^op value Appendix^c

Appendicitis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appendicitis`
Description	''Appendicitis'' is an ''Inflammation'' of the ''Appendix'' typically due to infection. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendicitis' in WordNet: 1. appendicitis - (inflammation of the vermiform appendix)`
Super-classes	Inflammation^c
Restrictions	hasSymptom^op value PainOrAche^c hadAffectedBodypart^op value Appendix^c

Appendix^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appendix

Description

The ''Appendix'' is an specialization of #$InternalOrgan and instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType: the collection of all living

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appendix' in WordNet:
          2. appendix, vermiform appendix, vermiform process, cecal appendage -
            (a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum 
            and that resembles a small pouch)

Super-classes InternalOrgan^c

AppendixText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppendixText`
Description	An ''AppendixText'' ('appendix') is part of a printed Book or Document that follows the main part (is 'appended') and contains supplementary or reference material. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendix' in WordNet: 1. (6) appendix - (supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book)`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Document-Physical^c hasAttributeValue^op value Printed^c

Appetite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appetite`
Description	An ''Appetite'' is an internal ''DirectedFeeling'' that is an intuitive subtype of ''Desire'' (not caused by reasoning) that arises and intensifies over some interval of time (usually longer than for an ''Urge'') and creates a Motive (Motive is MentalObject - an abstract Object of thought, not state) to do something that will abate (sate) the Appetite. There are a few prominant types of ''Appetite'' - Hunger, sexual desire, and a desire for recognition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appetite' in Wordnet: 1. (5) appetite, appetency, appetence - (a feeling of craving something; 'an appetite for life'; 'the object of life is to satisfy as many appetencies as possible'- Granville Hicks)`
Super-classes	Desire^c NormalOrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op only Satisfaction^c
Sub-classes	Hunger^c SexualDesire^c

Appetizer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appetizer

Description

Food dishes which might be served as an appetizer.

     Corrresponds to sense 1 of Appetizer and sense 5 of 'starter' in WordNet:
     1. appetizer, appetiser, starter - (food or drink to stimulate
       the appetite (usually served before a meal or as the first course))

Super-classes CourseOfAMeal^c

AppetizerStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppetizerStuff`
Description	A Food substance that is typically part of an Appetizer in a meal..
Super-classes	Food^c
Sub-classes	Dip-Food^c

Applauding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Applauding`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'applaud' in WordNet: 2. (4) applaud - (express approval of; 'I applaud your efforts')`
Super-classes	Praising^c
Sub-classes	Ovation^c Acclaiming^c Applauding-Clapping^c

Applauding-Clapping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Applauding-Clapping`
Description	To clap the hands to express approval. `NOTE: there may be some shouting such as 'brava!' but the dominant sound will be that of clapping. NOTE2: 'spat' is not in RHW in this sense - omitted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'applaud' in WordNet: 1. (5) applaud, clap, spat, acclaim - (clap one's hands or shout after performances to indicate approval) WN noun 'clapping': 1. (2) applause, hand clapping, clapping - (a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together)`
Super-classes	SociabilityBasedAction^c UsingTheHand^c ArmMovement^c InformationTransferEvent^c Applauding^c GesturingWithTheHands^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ClappingSound^c signifies^op value Approval-Emotion^c
Sub-classes	Ovation^c

Apple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apple`
Description	A Fruit that is produced by an apple tree (Malus sylvestris, of the rose family), having a smooth shiny skin. It is usually red when ripe, but can be green or yellow. Apples come in many varieties, and can be small, such as a crab apple, but the edible apple of commerce is typically about 3 inches in diameter. The seeds are distributed in a cylindrical core extending from the attachment stem. Its profile shape (when oriented with the stem at the top and viewed from the side) is sufficently distinctive to be recognizable as a silhouette. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apple' in WordNet: 1. (2) apple - (fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value AppleTree^c

AppleCider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppleCider`
Description	COSMO: A ''FruitJuice'' derived by pressing ''"Apple''s. NOTE: this is sometimes called 'sweet cider', and is not fermented. When fermented, it is represented as ''Cider'' in COSMO, and may be called 'hard cider'. `Wikipedia 'sweet cider': Apple cider (also called sweet cider or soft cider or simply cider) is the name used in the United States and Canada for an unfiltered, unsweetened, non-alcoholic beverage made from apples Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apple juice' in WordNet: 1. apple juice - (the juice of apples) WN noun 'sweet cider': 1. sweet cider - (unfermented cider)`
Super-classes	FruitJuice^c FruitDrink^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Apple^c

ApplePie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplePie`
Description	A Pie that has ApplePieFilling as the PieFilling. This is a baked pie, not the raw unbaked object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apple pie' in WordNet: 1. apple pie - (pie (with a top crust) containing sliced apples and sugar)`
Super-classes	Pie^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value ApplePieFilling^c

ApplePieFilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplePieFilling`
Description	ApplePieFilling is a PieFilling that contains pieces of Apple, along with sugar (Sucrose), Cinnamon, and possibly other ingredients, and fills the LowerCrust of an ApplePie. It is baked before serving.
Super-classes	PieFilling^c BakedFood^c

ApplePiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplePiece`
Description	An object that is piece of an Apple, containing at least some of the pulp, though there may be a small part of skin included..
Super-classes	FoodObject^c
Restrictions	isObtainedFrom^op value Apple^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Apple^c

ApplePieces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplePieces`
Description	A substance consisting of pieces of Apples. These can be quite small, too small to count, as in ''AppleSauce''.
Super-classes	Food^c

AppleSauce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppleSauce`
Description	''AppleSauce'' is a ''PreparedFood'' that contains ''Apple''s that have been stewed and pureed, and have had some ingredients such as sugar added. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'applesauce' in Wordnet: 1. applesauce, apple sauce - (puree of stewed apples usually sweetened and spiced)`
Super-classes	CookedFood^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value PreparedFoodStuff^c

AppleTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppleTree

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apple tree' and sense 2 of 'apple' in WordNet:
        1. (3) apple tree - (any tree of the genus Malus especially
          those bearing firm rounded edible fruits)
      WN noun 'apple':
        2. apple, orchard apple tree, Malus pumila -
           (native Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties 
           for its firm rounded edible fruits)

Super-classes FruitTree^c

Appliance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appliance`
Description	This is a generic ''Appliance'' for indoors (home or office) use. This is a type of ''Device'' of some complexity, often powered, designed for some relatively narrow range of uses, as contrasted with tools that can be broadly used for multiple uses, and in some cases in outdoor locations. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appliance' in WordNet: 2. appliance - (durable goods for home or office use)`
Super-classes	Device^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op only (PlaceOfResidence^c or IndoorLocation^c or HumanOccupationConstruct^c)
Sub-classes	HouseholdAppliance^c

Applicable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Applicable

Description

''Applicable'' is an attribute for MentalObjects such as ideas, Methods, Assertions, that are Useful for achieving some Goal, such as accomplishing a task or solving a problem.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'applicable' in Wordnet:
        1. (7) applicable - (capable of being applied; having relevance; 
          'gave applicable examples to support her argument')

Super-classes Relevant^c
Useful^c
FitForaPurpose^c

Applicant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Applicant`
Description	An ''Applicant'' is a Person who is performing or has performed an ''ApplyingForSomething'' Action; applying for a job, for admission to a school or Organization membership, for a loan, for financial assistance, applying for Parole - whatever. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'applicant' in WordNet: 1. (13) applicant, applier - (a person who requests or seeks something such as assistance or employment or admission)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ApplyingForSomething^c

ApplicationText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplicationText`
Description	Each ''ApplicationText'' is an AbstractText created by an ''ApplyingForSomething'' Action. This can have any physical representation oral or written Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'application' in RHW: 5. a written or spoken request or appeal for employment, admission, help, funds, etc.: to file an application for admission to a university. WordNet 'application' does not clearly distinguish between the act of applying and the ''AbstractSymbolicObject'' created by the applying process. in WordNet: WN noun 'application' : 1. (378) application - (a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school; 'December 31 is the deadline for applications')
Super-classes	AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some ApplyingForSomething^c

Applicator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Applicator`
Description	An ''Applicator'' is any Device used to apply a liquid substance to some surface. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'applicator' in WordNet: 1. (1) applicator, applier - (a device for applying a substance)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ApplyingStuffToSurface^c
Sub-classes	SprayGun^c Airbrush^c

Applied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Applied

Description

''Applied'' is an attribute that characterizes the thing modified as being concerned with praticalapplications of the knowledge being sought rather than theory or basic knowledge of the world. This is used mostly to characterize research.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'applied' in Wordnet:
         2. applied - (concerned with concrete problems or data rather than 
             with fundamental principles; opposed to theoretical; 'applied physics';
             'applied psychology'; 'technical problems in medicine, engineering,
             economics and other applied discipcdlines'- Sidney Hook)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AppliedResearch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppliedResearch`
Description	'AppliedResearch' is a type of Research that has components of both Science and Engineering - it is 'basic' research (the searh for basic knowledgeof natural events) that is undertaken to provide information for some Engineering activity - to be applied to practical problems. `This type of research is the most common type at commercial organizations. In Wordnet, the only sense of 'applied science' is closer to 'engineering' and is a field, rather than an activity. This type contrasts with 'basic research' or 'theoretical research' or 'developmental research' or 'development'.`
Super-classes	Research^c
Sub-classes	AppliedResearchAndDevelopment^c

AppliedResearchAndDevelopment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppliedResearchAndDevelopment`
Description	Research or development whose main purpose is to build a useful artifact (including finding useful medical substances), not to investigate a natural phenomenon.
Super-classes	AppliedResearch^c ResearchProject^c

ApplyingAForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingAForce`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$ApplyingAForce is an event in which a force is applied to an object. `For an Event in which ApplyingaForce results in an Object's motion, use 'AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce'. Includes but is not limited to verb sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet: this COSMO sense includes Events in which something has a force applied but does not move, or something is pushed into another by applying a force: in WordNet: 3. (13) push, force - (move with force, 'He pushed the table into a corner') 8. (1) pull, draw, force - (cause to move by pulling; 'draw a wagon'; 'pull a sled')`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c AffectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forcible^c
Sub-classes	ApplyingATorque^c Propelling^c ApplyingAPressure^c StrikingRepeatedly^c HittingAnObject^c BatteringAnObject^c TsunamiImpact^c BuffetingAnObject^c PullingOnAnObject^c Jumping^c ForceTransmissionEvent^c LeaningOnSomething^c ApplyingFriction^c

ApplyingAPressure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingAPressure`
Description	This type includes all forms of applying a pressure, directly by contact of solid on solid (not by transmission of pneumatic pressure through a fluid), which is applying a force on an object that is not free to move and therefore is not accelerated by the force. Examples are leaning on a table, squeezing a toothpaste tube, squeezing a person's hand or a pus-filled pimple, stamping a metal planchet to create a coin, etc. In structures, every object supported by a SupporingObject is ApplyingAPressure on the SupportinObject. Subtypes of this type can distinguish among the different ways that pressure may be applied to things. ApplyingAPressure may compress an object, or distort it, as does the pressure of a person standing on a long wooden plank supported only at the ends. @ToDo1013: 10 sb a subtype of 'create' Includes verb senses 1,4,5,7, 10, and 11 of 'press' in Wordnet: 1. (32) press - (exert pressure or force to or upon; 'He pressed down on the boards'; 'press your thumb on this spot') 4. (2) press - (place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure; 'pressed flowers') 5. (2) compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract, press - (squeeze or press together; 'she compressed her lips'; 'the spasm contracted the muscle') 7. (1) press - (create by pressing; 'Press little holes into the soft clay') 10. press, press out - (press from a plastic; 'press a record') 11. press, push - (make strenuous pushing movements during birth to expel the baby; ''Now push hard,' said the doctor to the woman')
Super-classes	ApplyingAForce^c
Sub-classes	PressingaButton^c CrushingAnObject^c ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface^c Tickling^c SqueezingEvent^c ScouringaSurface^c PressingSomethingFlat^c

ApplyingATorque^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingATorque`
Description	CYC: The event of applying a force which produces a torque.
Super-classes	ApplyingAForce^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Torque^c mayUseInstrument^op value TorqueWrench^c mayCause^op value Rotating^c

ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface event, a physical object is attached to a surface by and along its adhesive surface. Examples of #$ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface include attachment of stickers, stamps, stamp hinges, some linoleum, and some wallpaper to appropriate surfaces.
Super-classes	ApplyingAPressure^c Affixing^c

ApplyingForSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingForSomething`
Description	''ApplyingForSomething'' is a type of 'Requesting' performed according to some procedure established by some ''Authority'' who can grant a ''Right'' or do a service, or give something valuable. The application is often in writing, but not necessarily. The ''Authority'' is usually but not necessarily an 'Organization''. `WordNet 'application' does not clearly distinguish between the act of applying and the ''AbstractSymbolicObject'' created by the applying process. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'apply' in WordNet: 3. (13) apply - (ask (for something); 'He applied for a leave of absence'; 'She applied for college'; 'apply for a job') WN noun 'application' : 1. (378) application - (a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school; 'December 31 is the deadline for applications')`
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Restrictions	produces^op some ApplicationText^c hasIntendedAudience^op some Authority^c
Sub-classes	Petitioning^c

ApplyingFriction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingFriction`
Description	ANOTE: this is (unlike in CYC) a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' in which some intentional action causes friction between two solid objects. Non-intentional friction-causing `Cyc: Frictional forces are exerted (i.e. a #$FrictionProcess occurs) so as to inhibit relative motion between objects which are in physical contact (#$touches qv). If motion is already happening, the force acts in a direction opposite to that motion. If the motion has not started, as in the case of static friction, the frictional force acts in a direction opposite that of the net applied forces. Examples include air friction, rolling friction, mechanical friction.`
Super-classes	ApplyingAForce^c
Sub-classes	Rubbing^c Brushing^c

ApplyingLipstick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingLipstick`
Description	''ApplyingLipstick'' is an ''ApplyingMakeup'' in which the stuff applied is ''Lipstick'' and the surface is usually the lips. This includes the action performed by a Person (most often a woman) on herself, or the action of a professional makeup artist applying makeup to a client (such as a movie actor).
Super-classes	MarkingOnASurface^c ApplyingMakeup^c ApplyingStuffToSurface^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Lipstick^c hadObjectModified^op value Lip^c

ApplyingMakeup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingMakeup`
Description	''ApplyingMakeup'' is an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' in which the stuff applied is ''Makeup'' and the surface is usually some part of the Face. This includes the action performed by a Person (most often a woman) on herself, or the action of a professional makeup artist applying makeup to a client (such as a movie actor).
Super-classes	MarkingOnASurface^c ApplyingStuffToTheSkin^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Makeup^c
Sub-classes	ApplyingLipstick^c ApplyingNailPolish^c

ApplyingMascara^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingMascara`
Description	''ApplyingMascara'' is an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' in which the 'stuff' is ''Mascara'' and the 'surface' to which the mascara is applied is (usually)) an ''Eylash'' or an ''Eyebrow'' (any part of the eyelashes or eyebrows on one specific Person).
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Mascara^c hadObjectModified^op some (Eyelash^c or Eyebrow^c)

ApplyingNailPolish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingNailPolish`
Description	''ApplyingNailPolish'' is an ''ApplyingMakeup'' in which the stuff applied is ''NailPolish'' and the surface is usually the ''Fingernail''s. This includes the action performed by a Person (most often a woman) on herself, or the action of a professional makeup artist applying makeup to a client (such as a movie actor).
Super-classes	MarkingOnASurface^c ApplyingMakeup^c ApplyingStuffToSurface^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value NailPolish^c hadObjectModified^op value Fingernail^c

ApplyingPaint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingPaint`
Description	This is for the intentional physical Action of applying paint to a surface, including both for the purpose of creating a picture or merely to coat the surface, as in painting the walls of a house. `In Cyc called 'Painting-Activity' The actual art form of 'painting' (FieldOfStudy) is represented in COSMO by 'TheArtOfPainting'. Includes both vern senses 1 and 2 of 'paint' in WordNet: 1. (17) paint - (make a painting; 'he painted all day in the garden'; 'He painted a painting of the garden') 2. (13) paint - (apply paint to; coat with paint; 'We painted the rooms yellow')`
Super-classes	SingleDoerAction^c ApplyingStuffToSurface^c MarkingOnASurface^c Coloring^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Paint^c hadThingTransferred^op value Paint^c
Sub-classes	PaintingAnObject^c PaintingAPicture^c Airbrushing^c

ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingSomethingToSurface`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ApplyingSomethingToSurface event, something is applied to a surface.
Super-classes	MaterialHandling^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value SurfaceOfaSolidObject^c
Sub-classes	WritingByHand^c DottingaLetter^c Printing^c Affixing^c Anointing^c CancellingaPostageStamp^c ApplyingStuffToSurface^c CancellingSomething^c Shingling^c

ApplyingStuffToSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingStuffToSurface`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ApplyingStuffToSurface event, some stuff is applied to a surface so that it covers [#$covers-Generic] it. This may be done in different ways, for example by dipping an object into the stuff being applied, spraying the stuff onto the surface, or #$SpreadingStuffOntoSurface. NOTE: this type includes within the restrictions both the object to which the coating is applied: hadObjectModified - SolidObject and the stuff applied to it: usedSubstance - SubstanceType Thus it includes both 'applying' (some substance), and the 'coating' (of some surface). Although those terms are conceptually distinguishable, they imply the other and are included here together. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'apply' in WordNet: 4. (11) put on, apply - (apply to a surface; 'She applied paint to the back of the house'; 'Put on make-up!') WN verb 'coat': 1. (4) coat, surface - (put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface; 'coat the cake with chocolate')
Super-classes	ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SolidObject^c produces^op some Coating^c usedSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	ApplyingMascara^c PavingaPathway^c PlatingMetal^c Dabbing^c IcingaCake^c SwabbingWithaSwab^c Daubing^c ApplyingPaint^c Soaping^c ApplyingaFinish^c ResurfacingAnArtifact^c ApplyingStuffToTheSkin^c GlazingAnObject^c ApplyingLipstick^c ApplyingNailPolish^c

ApplyingStuffToTheSkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingStuffToTheSkin`
Description	''ApplyingStuffToTheSkin'' is an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' in which the 'surface' to which the stuff is applied to the ''Skin'' (usually of a Person,but possibly other animals..
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some Skin^c
Sub-classes	ApplyingMakeup^c

ApplyingWax^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingWax`
Description	Applying ''Wax'', often to an ''Automobile'', to make the surface look smooth and shiny. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wax' in WordNet: 1. (2) wax - (cover with wax; 'wax the car')`
Super-classes	ApplyingaFinish^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Wax^c hadThingTransferred^op value Wax^c

ApplyingaFinish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApplyingaFinish`
Description	''ApplyingaFinish'' is an Action in which either a coating of some 'finish' liquid is applied to the surface of an Object to give it a desired appearance. This is applied especially to 'finishing' wooden object with a glossy or semiglossy lacquer-like substance, without without prior application of a 'stain; or a smoothing or other process is applied to a surface to give it a desired texture. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'finish' in WordNet: 4. (3) finish - (provide with a finish; 'The carpenter finished the table beautifully')`
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c CoveringSomething^c FinishingAnArtifactSurface^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SolidObject^c requiresResource^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	ApplyingWax^c Varnishing^c PaintingAnObject^c CoveringaWall^c

Appointed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appointed`
Description	''Appointed'' is an attribute of a Person that was appointed (experienced an ''AppointingEvent'') to some position. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'appointed' in Wordnet: 2. (2) appointed - (selected for a job; 'the one appointed for guard duty')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Selected^c
Sub-classes	Assigned^c

AppointedOfficial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppointedOfficial

Description

An ''AppointedOfficial'' is a ''PublicOfficial'' who was appointed rather than elected to that position.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appointee' in WordNet:
          1. (2) appointee - (an official who is appointed)

Super-classes Appointee^c
PublicOfficial^c

Appointee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appointee`
Description	This is the general sense of 'appointee'; for the public official who is appointed, use subtype ''AppointedOfficial''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appointee' in WordNet: 2. (2) appointee, appointment - (a person who is appointed to a job or position)`
Super-classes	RoleCreatedByEvent^c Functionary^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value AppointingEvent^c
Sub-classes	AppointedOfficial^c

AppointingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppointingEvent`
Description	An AppointingEvent is a type of AssigningAgentToRole in which the Role is some office or position that has official status within an Organization. Not any old Role will be the object of an AssigningEvent. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'appoint' in WordNet: 1. (13) appoint, name, nominate, constitute - (create and charge with a task or function; 'nominate a committee') 2. (8) appoint, charge - (assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to; 'He was appointed deputy manager'; 'She was charged with supervising the creation of a concordance')`
Super-classes	AssigningAgentToRole^c
Sub-classes	EmployeePlacement^c

Appointment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appointment`
Description	An ''Appointment' is an ''Agreement'' among some group of people to conduct a ''Meeting'', planned for some time in the future. This differs from agreements for large gathering in that the future meeting is for two parties; on party (the one(s) who 'have' the appointment) is usually one or two people, but the second party could one or coud be a committee, so the there is no limit on the 'others' with whom the appoontment is had. Two people who plan to meet with each other both 'have' an appointment. The future meeting planned and agreed to in the ''Appointment'' is often to conduct some form of business, such as appointments with health care workers, advisors, or people providing a service or providing information. But this type logically also includes an appointment for a romantic 'date', which is actualy represented bythe subtype ''Date''. The WN gloss includes 'date' but does not seem to distinguish between the appointment and the actual meeting event. This type is the agreement, which looks forward to the Event. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appointment' in WordNet: 2. (1) date, appointment, engagement - (a meeting arranged in advance; 'she asked how to avoid kissing at the end of a date')
Super-classes	Agreement^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op only FutureMeeting^c
Sub-classes	Date^c

Appraisal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appraisal`
Description	An ''Appraisal''is an ''AbstractDocument'' containing the results of some ''AssessingTheValueOfSomething'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appraisal' in WordNet, but interpreted as the 'AbstractDocument' which may have multiple representations in physical documents. Also includes noun sense 3 of 'assessment': in WordNet: 2. appraisal, estimate, estimation - (a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)) WN noun 'assessment': 3. assessment - (the market value set on assets)`
Super-classes	Evaluation^c AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value AssessingTheValueOfSomething^c describes^op value MonetaryValue^c assertsAttributeOrType^op some MonetaryValue^c hasTopic^op value MonetaryValue^c
Sub-classes	TestScore^c

Appraiser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appraiser`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$PersonWithOccupation whose job it is to determine the likely selling price of some object based upon an interpretation of disinterested facts and judgements. `An ''Appraiser'' could be one who appraises the value of real estate (e.g. for property taxation or as a security for a loan) or of some valuable item intended for sale, e.g. at an auction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appraiser' in WordNet: 1. (1) appraiser, valuator - (one who estimates officially the worth or value or quality of things)`
Super-classes	BusinessPerson^c PersonWithOccupation^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AssessingTheValueOfSomething^c

Apprentice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apprentice`
Description	An ''Apprentice'' is a person learning to perform some activity from a teacher, usually a master. This can be an informal learning or a formal apprenticeship. Such a position may be paid or not - some apprenticeships required payment for the training. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apprentice' in WordNet: 1. (10) apprentice, learner, prentice - (works for an expert to learn a trade)`
Super-classes	Amateur^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value LearningHowToDoSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inexperienced^c performsAction^op value Apprenticing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unskilled^c

Apprenticeship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apprenticeship`
Description	A ''Apprenticeship'' is a 'Position' (an ''Action'' that is a type of Role) that a person performs while s/he is an ''Apprentice'', who performs ''Training'' under the supervision of an expert or master. This used to be used mostly for crafts, but the position of 'apprentice' no includes highly educated tasks. `This role of 'apprenticehip' is represented as distinct from the action of ''Apprenticing'' but they are intimately linked and differ only in point of view. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apprenticeship' in WordNet: 1. (1) apprenticeship - (the position of apprentice)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Position^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Apprentice^c hasRoleFiller^op value Apprentice^c occursDuring^op value Apprenticing^c

Apprenticing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apprenticing`
Description	A ''Apprenticeship'' is a type of 'Training' (an ''Action'') in which a person learns a trade one-on-one from a master or expert in the trade. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'apprentice' in WordNet: 1. (1) apprentice - (be or work as an apprentice; 'She apprenticed with the great master')`
Super-classes	Training^c LearningHowToDoSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Apprentice^c occursDuring^op value Apprenticeship^c

Approaching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Approaching`
Description	Each 'Approaching' Event is a 'MovingTowardSomething' in which one Object moves in a translational Motion in the direction of some Object or Location, and comes near to that Object or Place. The moving Object is usually a agent, but can be any Object that is moving in a specific direction, such as a vehical ('the train is approaching the station'). Objects that do not have control over their direction of motion, such as ballistically moving objects (an asteroid approaching the Earth) or objects rolling down an incline (an avalanche or lava flow approaching a town), can also be said to be 'Approaching' another object or place. The location or object being approached must be specified as the value of the relation 'isInTheDirectionOf'. This type can be used for generic types of 'approaching', as in discussing the actions during the approaching of an airplane to an airport. If the approaching Object actually terminates motion near the Object or Location that it is approaching, the ending phase will be an 'ArrivingAtAPlace'. However, not every 'Approaching' ends in an 'ArrivingAtAPlace', since the approaching Event may stop short of the object approached, or the direction of motion may change. Cyc: The collection of events in which some object is approaching another object or location. NOTE: LDOCE does not seem to use 'near' in this verbal sense, but the mapping is made anyway because there is also no 'approach' in LDOCE. (perhaps 'draw near' or 'come near' is used??) NOTE2: the terms 'come, come up' mostly describe the motion of an approaching object from the point of view of the thing stationary or being approached. these perspectives may be distinguishable. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'approach' anbdverb sense 1 of 'near' in WordNet: 1. (46) approach, near, come on, go up, draw near, draw close, come near - (move towards; 'We were approaching our destination'; 'They are drawing near'; 'The enemy army came nearer and nearer') WN verb 'come up': 3. (7) come, come up - (move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody; 'He came singing down the road'; 'Come with me to the Casbah'; 'come down here!'; 'come out of the closet!'; 'come into the room')
Super-classes	MovingTowardSomething^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op some GenericLocation^c causes^op some BeingInProximity^c
Sub-classes	Accosting^c Charging-Rushing^c

Appropriately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appropriately

Description

''Appropriately'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that the Action was or could be or could have been 'appropriate' or ''fitting' - suitable for some purpose.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'appropriately' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) appropriately, suitably, fittingly, befittingly, fitly -
             (in an appropriate manner; 'he was appropriately dressed')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Appropriating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appropriating`
Description	''Appropriating'' is a ''Legislating' Action that produces an ''Appropriation'' - a QuantityOfMoney set aside for some purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appropriate' in WordNet: 1. (11) allow, appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve - (give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause; 'I will earmark this money for your research'; 'She sets aside time for meditation every day')`
Super-classes	Legislating^c Reserving^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Appropriation^c

AppropriatingProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppropriatingProperty`
Description	Includes verb sense 2 of 'appropriate' and sense 4 of 'seize' in WordNet: 2. (1) appropriate, capture, seize, conquer - (take possession of by force, as after an invasion; 'the invaders seized the land and property of the inhabitants'; 'The army seized the town'; 'The militia captured the castle') WN verb 'seize': 4. (3) impound, attach, sequester, confiscate, seize - (take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority; 'The FBI seized the drugs'; 'The customs agents impounded the illegal shipment'; 'The police confiscated the stolen artwork') WN noun 'seizure': 2. (1) capture, gaining control, seizure - (the act of forcibly dispossessing an owner of property)
Super-classes	TakingPossessionOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some ValuableThingType^c isPerformedBy^op value Government^c
Sub-classes	Intercepting^c

Appropriation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appropriation`
Description	An ''Appropriation'' is some ''Money'' set aside by a legislative body for government purposes.. This is 'produced' by a legislative act of ''Appropriating'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appropriation' in WordNet: 1. (3) appropriation - (money set aside (as by a legislature) for a specific purpose)`
Super-classes	QuantityOfMoney^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value Appropriating^c

Approval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Approval`
Description	An ''AbstractDocument'' that is a ''MentalObject''. `NOTE: this type includes 'approval' in the sense of an agreement that the thing approved is acceptable, not necessearily a high opinion. For that latter, use ''PraiseText''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commendation' in WordNet: 2. approval, commendation - (a message expressing a favorable opinion; 'words of approval seldom passed his lips')`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c Message^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Laudatory^c hasRepresentation^op value PraiseText^c
Sub-classes	Visa-Permit^c

Approval-CommunicationAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Approval-CommunicationAct`
Description	CYC: A collection of communication acts. In each element of #$Approval-CommunicationAct, an agent expresses an approval. Such approvals include: approving a loan application, endorsing a product, seconding or voting for a resolution proposed before an official body, condoning another agent's course of action. Note: Acts communicating some kind of approval do not entail subjective feelings of approval by the agent (cf. #$Approval). Also see #$Requesting-CommunicationAct. This in some cases has elements of 'permitting' but WN sense 1 of 'approve' seems to include approval by someone not in a position to hinder. More distinctions needed? For rev1407 added ''GrantingPermission'' as an eplicit subtype of 'permitting', and Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'approval' and verb sense 1 of 'approve' in WordNet: 1. (11) blessing, approval, approving - (the formal act of approving; 'he gave the project his blessing'; 'his decision merited the approval of any sensible person') WN verb 'approve': 1. (27) approve, O.K., okay, sanction - (give sanction to; 'I approve of his educational policies')
Super-classes	Accepting^c
Sub-classes	ApprovingARequest^c GrantingPermission^c Patronage^c

Approval-Emotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Approval-Emotion`
Description	The emotion of viewing positively a state of affairs or other agent's actions. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. `NOTE that the verb sense of 'approve' is classified in COSMO as a subtype of 'Feeling', which is a subtype of 'Event'. To approve in this sense is to have a Feeling of Approval. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'approval' and verb sense 2 of 'approve' in WordNet: 2. (3) approval - (a feeling of liking something or someone good; 'although she fussed at them, she secretly viewed all her children with approval') WN verb 'approve': 2. (7) approve - (judge to be right or commendable; think well of)`
Super-classes	Satisfaction^c
Restrictions	hasContrastingFeeling^op value Disapproval^c
Sub-classes	Pride^c Preferring^c

Approved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Approved`
Description	''Approved'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' characterizes some Action or PhysicalObject produced by an Action where the ''Action'' was considered by some ''Person'' that has the capacity to forbid it, and received permission or at least did not forbid it. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'approved' in Wordnet: 1. (4) approved, sanctioned - (established by authority; given authoritative approval; 'a list of approved candidates') 2. approved - (generally or especially officially judged acceptable or satisfactory; 'an approved method'; 'work on the approved project went ahead on schedule')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unauthorized^c Authorized^c

ApprovingARequest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApprovingARequest

Description

CYC: The collection of communication actions in which an agent approves a request.

       Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of
           'approve' in WordNet:
          WN verb 'approve':
            1. (27) approve, O.K., okay, sanction -
              (give sanction to; 'I approve of his educational policies')

Super-classes Approval-CommunicationAct^c

Approximate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Approximate

Description

'Approximate' is an attribute of measurements or 'Approximation's, meaning that the thing thus characterized is not known to be accurate, but based on methods (such as intuition or past experience) that may give inaccurate numbers. This can be the result of a 'rough guess' without actual measurements.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'approximate' and sense 3 of 'rough' in WordNet:
        1. (3) approximate, approximative, rough - (not quite exact or correct; 
          'the approximate time was 10 o'clock'; 'a rough guess'; 'a ballpark estimate')

Super-classes QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

ApproximateQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApproximateQuantity`
Description	A ApproximateQuantity'' is a ''QuantityOfStuff'' that is also a ''VerbalQuantifier'', being only approximate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indefinite quantity' in WordNet: 1. indefinite quantity - (an estimated quantity)`
Super-classes	QuantityOfStuff^c VerbalQuantifier^c
Sub-classes	Mouthful^c SmallAmount^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smattering

Approximately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Approximately`
Description	''Approximately'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify quantitative measures to indicate that the quantity specified may vary to some extent from the actual quantity that the thing measure actually has. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'approximately' in WordNet: 1. (26) approximately, about, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less, around, or so - ((of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; 'lasted approximately an hour'; 'in just about a minute'; 'he's about 30 years old'; 'I've had about all I can stand'; 'we meet about once a month'; 'some forty people came'; 'weighs around a hundred pounds'; 'roughly $3,000'; 'holds 3 gallons, more or less'; '20 or so people were at the party')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Thereabout^c Thereabouts^c

Approximation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Approximation`
Description	COSMO note: an 'Approximation' is an Expectation, based on some ''Observing'' or ''Observation'' (otherwise it would be a ''Guess'') about something observable that is not accurately known, particularly about the value of some 'QuantitiveAttributeValue' that is not derived from a careful ''Measuring'' Event. It is an Expectation in the sense that it is a weak belief that an accurate measurement would produce a value near to the 'Approximation'. It is a weak form of 'Belief'. `NOTE that this is not a measurement or a value from a measurement, though it may be based on a measurement (i.e. one known not to be as accurate as possible) Includes noun sense 1 of 'approximation' and noun sense 1 of 'estimate' in WordNet: 1. (3) estimate, estimation, approximation, idea - (an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; 'an estimate of what it would cost'; 'a rough idea how long it would take')`
Super-classes	Expectation^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some QuantitativeAttributeValue^c wasCreatedByEvent^op value Observing^c wasCreatedInEvent^op some Estimating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Approximate^c
Sub-classes	Underestimate^c Overestimate^c

Apricot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apricot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'apricot' in WordNet: 2. apricot - (downy yellow to rosy-colored fruit resembling a small peach)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value ApricotTree^c

ApricotTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApricotTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apricot tree' in WordNet: 1. apricot, apricot tree - (Asian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peach)`
Super-classes	FruitTree^c

April^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#April

Description

The Class of all Months which are April.

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'April' in WordNet:
   1. (23) April, Apr - (the month following March and preceding May)

Super-classes Month^c

Apron^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apron

Description

CYC: The collection of all aprons, an item typically worn to protect the front of the body while working in the kitchen. Rubberized aprons used in workshops and industrial settings are included.

        SUMO: An item of Clothing that protects the front and 
       middle part of the body while one is Cooking or doing other work.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apron' in WordNet:
             1. (3) apron - (a garment of cloth or leather or plastic that is tied about
               the waist and worn to protect your clothing)

Super-classes OuterGarment^c

Apse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apse`
Description	An ''Apse'' is an ''ArchitecturalNiche'' with a domed top edge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apse' in WordNet: 1. apse, apsis - (a domed or vaulted recess or projection on a building especially the east end of a church; usually contains the altar)`
Super-classes	ArchitecturalNiche^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Dome^c

Apt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Apt

Description

'Apt' is the attribute of someone who can learn quickly, either academically or some practical skill. This is usually used for students or someone learning a skill from another person. NOTE: this is not the 'appropriate' sense - use 'Appropriate'.

 See also 'Clever' - a related term - and (for the results of 
       intelligent action) 'Ingenious'.

   This corresponds to adj sense 2 of 'apt' and sense 3 of 'clever'in Wordnet:
     3. (1) apt, clever - (mentally quick and resourceful; 
      'an apt pupil'; 'you are a clever man...you reason well
      and your wit is bold' - Bram Stoker)

Super-classes Intelligent^c

Aptitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aptitude`
Description	''Aptitude'' is a 'natural ability' that an agent seems to be born with, that enables performance of certain (varied) tasks at a significantly higher than average level. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'aptitude' and sense 1 of 'natural ability' in WordNet: 1. (3) aptitude - (inherent ability) WN noun 'natural ability': 1. natural ability - (ability that is inherited)`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Sub-classes	Talent^c

Aptly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aptly`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aptly' in Wordnet: 1. competently, aptly, ably, capably, with competence - (in a competent capable manner; 'they worked competently')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Aquarium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aquarium`
Description	CYC: 'Aquarium-Container': Instances of #$Aquarium-Container are containers with transparent walls (often made of glass) which are used to house aquatic animals (often fish). Ponds for aquatic animals are not included. COSMO note: this can be of any size, including the large ''Aquarium's that hold many fish and hold large fish, with walkways along the sides for viewing by people. The organization 'aquarium' is a different type (CYC: 'Aquarium-Organization'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquarium' in WordNet: 1. aquarium, fish tank, marine museum - (a tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals)
Super-classes	LiquidStorageTank^c ShelterConstruction^c AnimalContainer^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value Fish^c isDesignedToContain^op value AquaticOrganism^c isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	DomesticAquarium^c

Aquarium-Organization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aquarium-Organization`
Description	Instances of #$Aquarium-Organization are organizations, usually non-profit but not always, which keep a collection of aquatic organisms for research and display.
Super-classes	LocalOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkAquarium

Aquatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aquatic

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'aquatic' in Wordnet:
           2. aquatic - (operating or living or growing in water; 
              'boats are aquatic vehicles'; 'water lilies are aquatic plants'; 
              'fish are aquatic animals')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AquaticBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AquaticBird`
Description	In WN an ''aquatic bird' can be fresh or salt water. The term ''Waterfowl'' in WN is used for fresh water ''AquaticBird''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquatic bird' in WordNet: 1. aquatic bird - (wading and swimming and diving birds of either fresh or salt water)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	WadingBird^c Seabird^c Waterfowl^c

AquaticMammal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AquaticMammal`
Description	The Class of Mammals that dwell chiefly in the water. Includes whales, dolphins, manatees, seals, and walruses. `NOTE: always in the sea? If so, identical to 'SeaMammal' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquatic mammal' in WordNet: 1. aquatic mammal - (whales and dolphins; manatees and dugongs; walruses; seals)`
Super-classes	AquaticOrganism^c Mammal^c
Sub-classes	SeaMammal^c

AquaticOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AquaticOrganism`
Description	A specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each specialization of #$AquaticOrganism is a type of organism adapted to life underwater, whose instances spend all or most of their time immersed in water. A notable specialization of #$AquaticOrganism is #$Fish.
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Aquatic^c
Sub-classes	AquaticPlant^c AquaticMammal^c Shellfish^c MarineOrganism^c Fish^c

AquaticPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AquaticPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquatic plant' in WordNet: 1. aquatic plant, water plant, hydrophyte, hydrophytic plant - (a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth)`
Super-classes	VascularPlant^c AquaticOrganism^c
Sub-classes	MarshPlant^c

Aqueduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aqueduct`
Description	An ''Aqueduct'' is a large ''FluidConduit'' that functions to transport ''Water'' from a source to a location where it will be used for some purpose - for household purposes, industry or agriculture, among others. It may be open or closed, completely or in part. CYC: A specialization of #$FluidConduit. Each instance of #$Aqueduct is a conduit used to transport water for public use. #$Aqueduct is disjoint with #$SewerLine. The restriction sets the minimum width as ''TwelveInches'' but an Aqueduct is usually much larger. NOTE that the WN sense seems to be restricted to elevated aqueducts, but this type is for any large conduit to supply water from a distant source to a place of use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aqueduct' in WordNet: 1. aqueduct - (a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley)
Super-classes	FluidConduit^c ContainerArtifact^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumWidth^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwelveInches^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Water^c

Aqueous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aqueous

Description

This ''Aqueous'' characterizes objects or substances for which the dominant component substance is ''Water''. The weight proportion of water can be less than 50% if the thing is a ''Liquid'' or a slurry, and the water is an essential component.

        NOTE' the term 'watery' is sometimes used in this sense but is not represented in WN in 
            precisely this sense,  but is used in that sense, as in WN 'sap' and 'plasma':
               sap - (a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals ...
               plasma, plasm - (colorless watery fluid of blood . . .
        So WN sense 3 seems to contain this meaning.

        RHW sense 10  is the closest.
          RHW 'watery': 10. consisting of water: a watery grave.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aqueous' in Wordnet:
          1. (14) aqueous - (similar to or containing or dissolved in water; 'aqueous solutions')
       WN adj 'watery' (part - 'watery substance'):
          3. watery - (relating to or resembling or consisting of water;
              'a watery substance'; 'a watery color')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AqueousSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AqueousSolution`
Description	An AqueousSolution is a solution for which the Solvent is Water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aqueous solution' in WordNet: 1. (4) aqueous solution - (a solution in water)`
Super-classes	Solution^c AqueousThing^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	RadiatorFluid^c Water-Saline^c LitmusSolution0001^c Coffee^c DrinkMixer^c Beverage^c Urine^c Saliva^c EggWhiteStuff^c CarbonatedBeverage^c Mouthwash^c Blood^c ElectroplatingSolution^c Elixir^c Tea^c BloodPlasma^c Succus^c Slop^c BloodSerum^c AcidicSolution^c Vinegar^c SurfactantSolution^c Sap^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LitmusSolution0002

AqueousThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AqueousThing`
Description	An ''AqueousThing'' is an Object or Substance that has some significant content of ''Water'' contributing to its salient character. `NOTE: the term 'aqueous' itself is not represented as an attribute; things that are 'aqueous' will be represented as subtypes of this type (similar to CYC usage).`
Super-classes	ThingContainingSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Aqueous^c
Sub-classes	AqueousSolution^c

Aquifer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aquifer`
Description	An ''Aquifer'' is an underground layer of porous rock having a significant quantity of ''Water-Fresh'', sufficient to make it possible to drill to the aquifer and use it as a source of fresh water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquifer' in WordNet: 1. aquifer - (underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc)`
Super-classes	BodyOfFreshWater^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value Water-Fresh^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Underground^c isaSourceOf^op value Water-Fresh^c

Arab^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arab

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arab' in WordNet:
         1. Arab, Arabian - (a member of a Semitic people originally from the 
         Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who
         inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa)

Super-classes PersonByEthnicity^c

Arab-Israeli^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arab-Israeli

Description

''Arab-Israeli'' is the attribute of interactions that occur between the state of ''Israel'' and the neighboring 'Arab' states, as well as Palestinians and Arab states at war with Israel even though they do not border Israel.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'international' in WordNet:
      1. (19) international - (concerning or belonging to all or at least two 
         or more nations; 'international affairs'; 'an international agreement';
         'international waters')

Super-classes International^c

Arab-IsraeliConflict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arab-IsraeliConflict`
Description	A ''Arab-IsraeliConflict'' is a ''DisputeEvent'' that that includes all aspects of the hostile interactions between ''Israel'' nd the Arab nations and peoples (including Palestinians) who object to Israel's occupation of Palestine. This includes three active ''War''s and multiple scts of terror and retaliation, as well as other hostile acts. Some of the inital particpants haveimproved relationsand are no longer actively perform violence. Not all participants are named here.
Super-classes	DisputeEvent^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaudiArabia^c hasParticipant^op value Palestinians^c hasParticipant^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egypt^c hasParticipant^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jordan^c hasParticipant^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syria^c hasParticipant^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Israel^c

Arabian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arabian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Arabian' in Wordnet: 1. Arabian - (relating to or associated with Arabia or its people; 'Arabian Nights'; 'Arabian Sea')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ArableLand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArableLand`
Description	COSMO note: this is interpreted as some piece of ArableLand, which can be as small as a small GardenPlot, but must be located on land; it cannot be in a flower pot. Each ArableLand instance is composed mostly of Soil - therefore this refers onyl to the part of the land area that is Soil. `Cyc: The collection of land areas which are suitable for farming, whether or not they are actually in use for crop production at any given moment.`
Super-classes	LandTopographicalFeature^c DryLand^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Soil^c
Sub-classes	Farmland^c Garden^c

Arachnid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arachnid`
Description	A group of arthopods having segmented body, no antenna, and four pairs of legs. Spiders and ticks are the best known subsets. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arachnid' in WordNet: 1. arachnid, arachnoid - (air-breathing arthropods characterized by simple eyes and four pairs of legs)`
Super-classes	Vermin^c TerrestrialOrganism^c Arthropod^c
Sub-classes	Tick^c DaddyLongLegs^c Scorpion^c Spider^c Mite^c

AranaceousStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AranaceousStone`
Description	''AranaceousStone'' is a type of stone consisting mostly of grains of ''Sand''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arenaceous rock' in WordNet: 1. arenaceous rock - (a sedimentary rock composed of sand)`
Super-classes	SedimentaryStone^c
Sub-classes	Sandstone^c

Arbitrary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arbitrary`
Description	''Arbitrary'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are not needed order to achieve some important Goal, but are motivated by whim or chance. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arbitrary' in Wordnet: 1. (8) arbitrary - (based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice; 'an arbitrary decision'; 'the arbitrary rule of a dictator'; 'an arbitrary penalty'; 'of arbitrary size and shape'; 'an arbitrary choice'; 'arbitrary division of the group into halves')`
Super-classes	Unnecessary^c Discretionary^c
Sub-classes	Whimsical^c

ArbitratingaCase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArbitratingaCase`
Description	'ArbitratingaCase'' is a formal type of ''Mediating'' that can be used in legal dispures (as between a contractor and the contracting party) or between organization. intercede, mediate, intermediate, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arbitration' in WordNet: 1. arbitration - ((law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties (often used to settle disputes between labor and management))
Super-classes	Mediating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Arbitrator^c

Arbitrator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arbitrator`
Description	An ''Arbitrator'' is a ''Mediator'' in formal cases called 'arbitration'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arbitrator' in WordNet: 1. arbiter, arbitrator - (someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue)`
Super-classes	Mediator^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value ArbitratingaCase^c performsAction^op value ArbitratingaCase^c

Arboreal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arboreal

Description

''Arboreal'' An attribute of animals that either live in or spend significant time in ''Tree''s.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'arboreal' in Wordnet:
         2. arboreal, arboreous, tree-living - 
              (inhabiting or frequenting trees; "arboreal apes")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ArborealAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArborealAnimal`
Description	An ''ArborealAnimal'' is a '''NonHumanAnimal'' that characteristically spends significant time in ''Tree''s, though not necessarily living or nesting there. Being in a Tree is one of the distinctive activities of such animals.
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value LivingInTrees^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Arboreal^c
Sub-classes	Orangutan^c Sloth^c

Arc^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arc`
Description	A ''Curve'' that is aproximately some segment of a Circle, less or equal to than one half. `CYC: A specialization of both #$Line and #$LinearObject-Planar (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Arc is a continuous part of a curved line. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the equator, and abstract objects, such as a part of an abstract ellipse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arc' in Wordnet: 2. (6) arc - (a continuous portion of a circle)`
Super-classes	Line^c Curve^c TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value Circle^c hasShape^op value ArcShaped^c

ArcShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArcShaped

Description

An attribute of things having the shape of an ''Arc''.

      Wordnet 'arced' seems to include arcs that are not simply
      pat of circles, but may have vertical extensions, as it is
      synonymos with 'arched':
      Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'arced' in Wordnet:
           1. arced, arched, arching, arciform, arcuate, bowed - (forming 
               or resembling an arch; 'an arched ceiling')

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

Arcade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arcade`
Description	This ''Arcade'' represents the structure with a ''Roof'' that ''isLocatedAt'' (or isAdjacentTo') stores in a shopping area. This can be over a street,or indoors, as at a ''ShoppingMall''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arcade' in WordNet: 1. arcade - (a covered passageway; often between streets with shops or stalls)`
Super-classes	Passageway^c
Restrictions	overlapsOrTouches^op value CommercialFacility^c facilitates^op value Shopping^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Roofed^c

Arcadian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arcadian

Description

''Arcadian'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to ''CountryLife'', the kind of living experiences that people live though when they live in a ''RuralArea''

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arcadian' in Wordnet:
        1. arcadian, bucolic, pastoral, rustic - (used of idealized country life;
          'a country life of arcadian contentment'; 'a pleasant bucolic scene'; 
          'charming in its pastoral setting'; 'rustic tranquility')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Arcane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arcane

Description

''Arcane'' is an attribute of events or propositions which require knowledge difficult to obtain or 'DifficultToUnderstand''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arcane' in Wordnet:
          1. arcane - (requiring secret or mysterious knowledge; 'the arcane science of dowsing')

Super-classes Interesting^c
DifficultToUnderstand^c

Arch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arch`
Description	A three-dimensional object (not necessarily physical), oriented vertically in some oriented space (such as a gravitational field), which consists of a curved part with the two ends connecting to and resting above two separated vertical supports. An entire structure consisting of the vertical supports and the curved upper part is also considered as an arch. This is the shape of a physical arch that can occur in natural settings and very often in structures. In a structure, the vertical supports of an arch should have their base at floor level and be high enough to walk through. A doorway with a curved upper span is an example of an Arch. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arch' in WordNet: 1. (1) arch - (a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening)`
Super-classes	ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value ArchShaped^c

ArchDiocese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchDiocese`
Description	An ''ArchDiocese'' is the ''EcclesiasticalDistrict'' controlled clerically by a ''Archbishop''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diocese' in WordNet: 1. diocese, bishopric, episcopate - (the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop)`
Super-classes	EcclesiasticalDistrict^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op value Archbishop^c

ArchObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchObject`
Description	An ArchObject is a solid PhysicalObject that is a Structure or part of a Structure, and has the shape of an ArchShape. `Includes noun sense 3 and 4 of 'arch' in WordNet; NOTE that the gloss for sense 3 suggests it is indistinguishable from sense 4 This sense is for the PhysicalObject, not for a space under an arch: in WordNet: 3. arch, archway - (a passageway under a curved masonry construction; 'they built a triumphal arch to memorialize their victory') 4. arch - ((architecture) a masonry construction (usually curved) for spanning an opening and supporting the weight above it)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Arch^c hasShape^op value ArchShaped^c

ArchShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchShaped

Description

An attribute of objects having a shape appri-oximmtely that of an 'Arch'

     Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'arched' in WordNet:
       2. (1) arced, arched, arching, arciform, arcuate, bowed - (forming or resembling an arch; 'an arched ceiling')

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

Archaeological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archaeological

Description

Pertaining to 'Archaeology' and its methods and activities undertaken in investigations..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'archaeological' in WordNet:
         1. archaeological, archeological, archaeologic, archeologic - 
            (related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology; 'an archaeological dig'; 
               'a dramatic archaeological discovery')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ArchaeologicalDigging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchaeologicalDigging`
Description	''ArchaeologicalDigging'' is a form of ''ArchaeologicalExploration'' in which an ''Archaeologist'' searches for objects such as artifacts or trace remains of earlier human activities or settlements by digging to produce an ''ArchaeologicalExcavation'' and examining and/or analyzing the objects found to learn about earlier humans. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'dig' in WordNet: 4. excavation, digging, dig - (the act of digging; 'there's an interesting excavation going on near Princeton')`
Super-classes	DiggingAHole^c ArchaeologicalExploration^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ArchaeologicalExcavation^c

ArchaeologicalExcavation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchaeologicalExcavation`
Description	''Excavation-Hole''s or diggings produced by an ''Archaeologist'' to attempt to discover objects providing information about earlier humans and their activities. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'excavation' in WordNet: 2. dig, excavation, archeological site - (the site of an archeological exploration; 'they set up camp next to the dig')`
Super-classes	Excavation-Hole^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Archaeologist^c

ArchaeologicalExploration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchaeologicalExploration`
Description	''ArchaeologicalExploration'' is an ''ExplorationSearch'' in which an ''Archaeologist'' searches for objects such as artifacts or trace remains of earlier human activities or settlements This often includes or consists of ''ArcheologicalDigging''.
Super-classes	ExplorationSearch^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value ArchaeologicalSite^c hasSubEvent^op value ArchaeologicalDigging^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Exploratory^c isPerformedBy^op value Archaeologist^c
Sub-classes	ArchaeologicalDigging^c

ArchaeologicalSite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchaeologicalSite`
Description	An ''ArchaeologicalSite'' is the location where some ''ArchaeologicalExploration'' occurs or has occurred. Places where there are remains of ancient peoples are not an ''ArchaeologicalSite'' unless they has been or are being explored. The kinds of objects that may be located at an ''ArchaeologicalSite'' are too diverse to specify - in fact, there may be none if the site was identified in error. This is a land site, and does not include underwater locations of archaeologically intersting objects, though an archaeological land site that includes adjacent underwater remains is included. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archeological site' in WordNet: 1. dig, excavation, archeological site - (the site of an archeological exploration; 'they set up camp next to the dig')`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c LandArea^c SiteOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value ArchaeologicalExploration^c

Archaeologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archaeologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archaeologist' in WordNet: 1. (1) archeologist, archaeologist - (an anthropologist who studies prehistoric people and their culture)`
Super-classes	Anthropologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Archaeology^c

Archaeology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archaeology

Description

'Archaeology'' is the branch of ''Anthropology'' concerned with how prehistoric societies have formed and changed, and their properties, especially how the people lived and their social organization and technology. Lots of interesting data are obtained by digging into the ground where prehistoric settlements had been, and finding artifacts made by the residents.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archaeology' in WordNet:
           1. archeology, archaeology -
               (the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures)

Super-classes Anthropology^c

Archbishop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archbishop`
Description	An ''Archbishop'' is of higher rank than a bishop (''Bishop-Clerical'') and in catholicism may be the leader of an 'archdiocese' (group of dioceses) whereas a ''Bishop-Clerical'' may lead one diocese. Either rank may have other functions. In catholicism, this rank is just below that of a 'Cardinal'. `CYC: The collection of all archbishops: #$Clerics, usually male, who are high-ranking religious and administrative leaders of hierarchically-organized churches such as the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Anglican churches. Archbishops outrank (mere) bishops and abbots. Technically, every #$Archbishop is also a #$Bishop-Clerical or abbot, and hence a #$Priest or #$Monk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archbishop' in WordNet: 1. (5) archbishop - (a bishop of highest rank)`
Super-classes	Bishop-Clerical^c
Restrictions	controls^op value ArchDiocese^c

Archer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archer`
Description	''Archer'' is An athlete who characteristically performs ''ShootingAnArrow''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archer' in WordNet: 1. archer, bowman - (a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ShootingAnArrow^c

Archery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archery`
Description	''Archery'' is the ''Sport'' whose execution is ''ShootingAnArrow''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archery' in WordNet: 1. archery - (the sport of shooting arrows with a bow)`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value ShootingTarget^c hasExecutionEvent^op value ShootingAnArrow^c

Archipelago^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archipelago`
Description	An ''Archipelago'' is a Group of islands in a large body of Water. `CYC: A collection of topographical features. Each element of #$Archipelago is a group of islands that form a geographical cluster. Examples: #$Ionia, #$InnerHebrides-Archipelago, #$SocietyIslands-FrenchPolynesia, #$ChannelIslands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archipelago' in WordNet: 1. archipelago - (a group of many islands in a large body of water)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Island^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HawaiianIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WestIndies

Architect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Architect`
Description	This 'Architect' creates plans for ''Structures'', and not for other things (metaphorical usage not included). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'architect' in WordNet: 1. (9) architect, designer - (someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings))`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Graduate^c Designer^c Expert^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value DesignForaStructure^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Architecture^c
Sub-classes	Landscaper^c

Architectural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Architectural

Description

''Architectural'' is an attribute of things belonging to or characteristic of''Architecture'' and to the structre and design of buidings and other structures

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'architectural' in Wordnet:
      1. (4) architectural - (of or pertaining to the art and science of architecture; 
         'architectural history'; 'architectural design')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ArchitecturalDrawing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchitecturalDrawing`
Description	A Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) that is composed of lines rather than brush strokes, as in a Painting, or an imaged Scene, as in a Photograph. A 'Drawing' may be quite complex, almost as complex as a painting, but must consist only of lines without any filled-in areas. The number of Lines can be as few as one. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'line drawing' in WordNet: 1. delineation, depiction, limning, line drawing - (a drawing of the outlines of forms or objects)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDrawing^c Drawing-Depiction^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some ArchitecturalPlan^c

ArchitecturalNiche^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchitecturalNiche`
Description	An ''ArchitecturalNiche'' is a space in the wall of a structure that is indented, typically intended to hold some Object to give it some prominence. The object contained is often a statue. The side of the ''Wall'' may be interior or exterior. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'niche' in WordNet: 3. (1) recess, niche - (an enclosure that is set back or indented)`
Super-classes	Enclosure^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Wall^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recessed^c
Sub-classes	Apse^c Alcove^c

ArchitecturalPlan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArchitecturalPlan`
Description	A ''ArchitecturalPlan'' is a ''DesignForaStructure'' that is an ''AbstractImage'' intended to be used as a guide to how to build the structure and is represented in a ''ArchitecturalDrawing'' of some part of ''Structure'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'architectural plan' and noun sense 3 of 'plan' in WordNet: 1. plan, architectural plan - (scale drawing of a structure; 'the plans for City Hall were on file')`
Super-classes	DesignForaStructure^c AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some ArchitecturalDrawing^c

Architecture^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Architecture

Description

''Architecture'' in COSMO is considered as a subtype of ''Engineering'' in which the useful things designed are ''Structure''s.

     NOte: this is not an ''Occupation'': Occupation is an Action and this is a subtype
       of the disjoint ''Object''.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'architecture' in WordNet:
            2. (1) architecture - (the discipline dealing with the principles 
              of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings;
              'architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes 
              beauty and sometimes use')

Super-classes Art^c
Engineering^c

Archival^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archival

Description

''Archival'' is the attribute pertaining to an ''Archive'' and assoiated objects and activities.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'archival' in Wordnet:
         1. archival - (of or relating to or contained in or serving as an archive)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Archive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archive

Description

An ''Archive'' is a ''Repository'' for keeping historical records.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archive' in WordNet:
          1. archive - (a depository containing historical records and documents)

Super-classes Repository^c

Archiving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archiving`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'archive' in WordNet: 1. archive, file away - (put into an archive)`
Super-classes	InformationGathering^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c FilingaDocument^c Organizing^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value Archive^c isPerformedBy^op value Archivist^c

Archivist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Archivist`
Description	A ''Archivist'' is a Person who maintains an ''Archive'' with records of one or more Topics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archivist' in WordNet: 1. archivist - (a person in charge of collecting and cataloguing archives)`
Super-classes	Collector^c
Restrictions	organizesTopic^op value Archive^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Archiving^c collects^op some Archive^c

Arctic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arctic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'arctic' in Wordnet: 2. arctic - (of or relating to the Arctic; "Arctic circle")`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ArcticZone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArcticZone`
Description	The ''ArcticZone'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' at and near the NorthPole.. NOTE: this could be an instance. IN WN it is an instance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arctic Zone' in WordNet: 1. (2) Arctic, Arctic Zone, North Frigid Zone - (the regions north of the Arctic Circle centered on the North Pole)`
Super-classes	PolarZone^c
Restrictions	surroundsHorizontally^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthPole^c

Ardor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ardor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ardor' in WordNet: 2. ardor, ardour - (intense feeling of love)`
Super-classes	Love^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Love^c

Arduous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arduous`
Description	''Arduous'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that require prolonged physical effort requiring more than a little exertion. RHW 'hard-knock': hard-knock, adj.: beset with hardship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arduous' and sense 2 of 'tough' in WordNet: 1. (1) arduous, backbreaking, grueling, gruelling, hard, heavy, laborious, operose, punishing, toilsome - (characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort; 'worked their arduous way up the mining valley'; 'a grueling campaign'; 'hard labor'; 'heavy work'; 'heavy going'; 'spent many laborious hours on the project'; 'set a punishing pace') WN adj 'tough': 2. (5) rugged, tough - (very difficult; severely testing stamina or resolution; 'a rugged competitive examination'; 'the rugged conditions of frontier life'; 'the competition was tough'; 'it's a tough life'; 'it was a tough job')
Super-classes	Effortful^c
Sub-classes	Uphillish^c

Area^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Area`
Description	COSMO note: the Cyc term 'Area' is the same concept as 'AreaMeasure', an AttributeValue in COSMO. The term 'Area' in COSMO is an AttributeType, not an AttributeValue. This allows an assertion such as {Lot25 has Area {10000 squareFeet}}. `A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of #$Area is an amount of two-dimensional space. Instances of #$Area may be either a fixed interval, such as the area of a rectangle 5 cm x 10 cm, or a range, such as the area of a city lot. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'area' in WordNet: 6. (26) area, expanse, surface area - (the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; 'the area of a rectangle'; 'it was about 500 square feet in area')`
Super-classes	Size^c PhysicalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Acreage^c

AreaMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AreaMeasure`
Description	Measures of the amount of space in two dimensions. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 6 of 'area' in WordNet: 6. (26) area, expanse, surface area - (the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; 'the area of a rectangle'; 'it was about 500 square feet in area')`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Acre^c SquareMile^c Hectare^c SquareMeter^c

Arf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arf`
Description	The 'arfing' sound made by a dog.
Super-classes	BarkingSound^c

Argentine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Argentine`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Argentine' in Wordnet: 1. Argentine, Argentinian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Argentina or its people; 'Argentinian tango')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Argentinian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Argentinian`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Argentinian' in WordNet: 1. Argentinian - (a native or inhabitant of Argentina)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Argentina^c

Argh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Argh`
Description	A suddenly emitted phrase that suggests someform of frustration.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

Argon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Argon`
Description	The element with two protons in each nucleus. At STP it exists as a 'Gas'' and is present in the ''EarthsAtmosphere''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'argon' in WordNet: 1. (7) argon, Ar, atomic number 18 - (a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere)`
Super-classes	NonMetal^c ChemicalElement^c Gas^c
Sub-classes	Argon_1percent^c

Argon_1percent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Argon_1percent`
Description	Argon at 1% weight fraction (in some mixture). This has been reified becase it is the fraction of ''Argon'' in EarthsAtmosphere. `Note that the percentage of other constituents is not specified. To specify a full range of compositional values in some mixture, one can indicate each 'FractionalComponentSubstance' individually. NOTE that because substances are Classes, the relation 'isaFractionalComponentOf' has to be on the Class itself, and the 'restriction' does not carry any meaning other than as documentation.`
Super-classes	Argon^c FractionalComponentSubstance^c
Restrictions	isWeightFraction^dp value 0.01^c isaFractionalComponentOf^op value Air^c

Arguably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arguably

Description

''Arguably'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Attribute and asserts that the folowing attribute-attributed phrase can be show to be true of the subject of the sentence.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arguably' in WordNet:
        1. arguably - (as can be shown by argument; "she is arguably the best")

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

ArguingAgainstSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArguingAgainstSomething`
Description	Each ''ArguingAgainstSomething'' is an AssertingEvent in which some agent presents facts or a logical line or reasoning that s/he considers evidence against the truth of some Proposition, which can be the acceptance of some proposal for action (e.g. business or governental action). The Proposition that is believed to be opposed by the argument is pointed to by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'. This has much the same meaning as ''ArguingInFavorOfSomething'' but has a different 'feel' from arguments pro. Logically, this could be made a subtype of ''ArguingInFavorOfSomething'' I.e., arguing for the opposite) but that would not capture the difference between an arguent pro and an argument con. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'argue' in WordNet: 1. (34) argue, reason - (present reasons and arguments) 3. argue, indicate - (give evidence of; 'The evidence argues for your claim'; 'The results indicate the need for more work')
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op some ArgumentCon^c refersToExternalEntity^op some Proposition^c
Sub-classes	Disproving^c

ArguingInFavorOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArguingInFavorOfSomething`
Description	Each 'ArguingInFavorOfSomething' is an AssertingEvent in which some agent presents facts or a logical line or reasoning that s/he considers evidence in favor of the truth of some Proposition. The Proposition that is believed to be supported by the argument is pointed to by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'. `Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'argue' in WordNet: 1. (34) argue, reason - (present reasons and arguments) 3. argue, indicate - (give evidence of; 'The evidence argues for your claim'; 'The results indicate the need for more work')`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some Proposition^c
Sub-classes	DefendingaProposition^c

Argument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Argument`
Description	COSMO note: An Argument in COSMO is an Assertion or Group of Assertions that the speaker believes provides a justification for believing some fact(s). This Type is represented as an Assertion (a subtype of Proposition). In ordinary linguistic use the word 'argument' often refers to the linguistic phrases used, but since in COSMO every logical 'Argument' implies a linguistic representation, these two aspects (propositional content and linguistic representation of the content) can be considered as alternative views that can be interchangeably used in many circumstances. It is hard to disentangle the two forms in this case, but @ToDo - this should be done. Using both Assertion (meanings) and ConceptualWork (representation) allows relating an 'Argument' to 'Reasoning' as its symbolic representation: an Argument is the AbstractSymbolicrepresentation of a Reasoning Event. In the restriction below, the Reasoning Event is an existentially required instance - this means that when representing an Argument, it is necessary to specify when and by whom it was created. See also related 'Reasoning','Justifying', 'Justification'. An additional nuance for 'Argument' is that it is always directed at an audience of one or more listeners (the audience can be the speaker). Therefore the linguistic representation of an Argument is an instance of a Communication. SUMO: Any proposition which has the form of a deductive or inductive argument, i.e. a set of premises which, it is claimed, imply a conclusion. The sense of 'point' used in arguing would not occure with that word in isolation, but in the phrase 'make a point' or 'get a point across', so the word 'point' is not a label for this type. (see 'ArguingInFavorOfSomething') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'argument' and sense 6 of 'case' in WordNet: 1. (23) argument, statement - (a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true; 'it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true') WN noun ;case': 6. (84) case - (a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument; 'he stated his case clearly')
Super-classes	PropositionalConceptualWork^c Assertion^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Reasoning^c
Sub-classes	RationaleForAction^c Justification^c Con^c ArgumentPro^c Clincher^c ProsAndCons^c DeductiveArgument^c ArgumentCon^c Pro^c

ArgumentCon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArgumentCon`
Description	An ''ArgumentCon'' is an argument against some course of action. `'we discused the pros and cons' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'con' in WordNet: 1. (1) con - (an argument opposed to a proposal)`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c Conclusion^c Argument^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op some Belief^c

ArgumentPro^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArgumentPro`
Description	An ''ArgumentPro'' is an argument in favor of some course of action. `'we discused the pros and cons' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pro' in WordNet: 2. pro - (an argument in favor of a proposal)`
Super-classes	Argument^c Conclusion^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op some Belief^c hasDesiredSituation^op only GoalSituation^c

Aria^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aria

Description

An ''Aria'' is a solo mostly associated with Opera..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aria' in WordNet:
          1. aria - (an elaborate song for solo voice)

Super-classes Song^c

Arid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arid

Description

A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a persistent weather pattern with so little ''Rain'' that the land has little vegetation that depends on moist soil. To be 'arid' does not necessarily require that a region has no clouds, but if so the clouds produce little rain.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arid' in WordNet:
         1. arid, waterless - (lacking sufficient water or rainfall; 
         'an arid climate'; 'a waterless well'; 'miles of waterless country to cross')

Super-classes WeatherAttributeValue^c

Aril^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aril

Description

An outgrowth of the funiculus which some seeds have.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aril' in WordNet:
        1. aril - (fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds 
           that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelopes the seed)

Super-classes PlantPart^c
ExternalAnatomicalPart^c

Arising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arising`
Description	An ''Arising'' is a very broad class of Events in which something - a situation or PhysicalObject or idea or tradition or society which did not previously exist comes into existence. 'emerging nations' 'emerging ideas' 'arising from the ashes'. This typically is caused by physical changes in some Object, Location or Situation that may be caused or assisted by an emergency, an opportunity, a riot, a stench, a cloud, anything that can come into existence seemingly on its own, or, in the subtype ''Development', caused by some ''DevelopingSomething'' Action. This can also be used for unnatural or supernatural or magical or miraculous appearances. For things that come into existence unexpectedly or without being planned, use the subtype ''Materializing''. NOTE: things coming into existence by a Action of an agent are represented as ''Creation'' or ''DevelopingSomething''. Already existing things coming into sight are represented as ''AppearingEvent''. things not prevously existing that come into existence seemingly spontaneously or by the uncoordinated actions of multiple agents are represented as 'Arising'', and when something arises by a gradual or stepwise process, that is represented by Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'arise' and noun sense 1 of 'emergence' (not necessarily gradal, as the gloss suggests) in WordNet: 1. (29) originate, arise, rise, develop, uprise, spring up, grow - (come into existence; take on form or shape; 'A new religious movement originated in that country'; 'a love that sprang up from friendship'; 'the idea for the book grew out of a short story'; 'An interesting phenomenon uprose') 2. (9) arise, come up, bob up - (originate or come into being; 'a question arose') WN verb 'emerge': 3. (5) emerge - (become known or apparent; 'Some nice results emerged from the study') 4. (3) emerge - (come up to the surface of or rise; 'He felt new emotions emerge') 5. come forth, emerge - (happen or occur as a result of something) WN noun 'emergence' 1. (1) emergence, outgrowth, growth - (the gradual beginning or coming forth; 'figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c BeginningOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeBefore^op value Nonexistent^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Existing^c
Sub-classes	Materializing^c Development^c

Aristocratic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aristocratic`
Description	'Aristocratic' expresses the attribute of being a member of a hereditary nobility or of some high level of 'aristocracy' in a stratified social environment. This is not an attribute describing behavior. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'artistocratic' and includes sense 2 of 'noble' in WordNet: WN 'aristocratic': 1. (1) aristocratic, aristocratical, blue, blue-blooded, gentle, patrician - (belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy; 'an aristocratic family'; 'aristocratic Bostonians'; 'aristocratic government'; 'a blue family'; 'blue blood'; 'the blue-blooded aristocracy'; 'of gentle blood'; 'patrician landholders of the American South'; 'aristocratic bearing'; 'aristocratic features'; 'patrician tastes') WN 'noble' 2. (2) noble - (of or belonging to or constituting the hereditary aristocracy especially as derived from feudal times; 'of noble birth')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Royal^c

Arithmetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arithmetic`
Description	''Arithmetic'' is a simple branch of ''Mathematics''concerning itself with operations between numbers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arithmetic' in WordNet: 1. (4) arithmetic - (the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c Methodology^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value DoingAddition^c isaBranchOf^op value Mathematics^c

ArityGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArityGroup`
Description	Each 'ArityGroup' is A Group created as a work-around for relations that should be multiple-arity, but need to be represented as binary relations in OWL. The 'ArityGroup' will have relations to various entities that represent the third and higher facets of the relation.
Super-classes	Group^c
Sub-classes	AttributeRateOfChange^c

Ark^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ark

Description

COSMO note: this is primarily motivated by Noah's 'ark', and could be an instance of ''Boat'' but is made a class to include other possible 'arks'.

       If it is an instance, it would be:
          (wasCreatedBy Noah)

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ark' in Wordnet:
         2. ark - (a boat built by Noah to save his family and animals from the flood)

Super-classes Boat^c
Watercraft-Surface^c

Arm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arm`
Description	CYC: The collection of all animal arms. An #$Arm of an animal is one of its #$AnimalBodyParts, more particularly one of its appendages, a limb which it uses for manipulation moreso than for locomotion. A #$Hand is considered part of an #$Arm. For both arms at the same time use ''BothArms''. For weapons 'arms' see 'Arms'. SUMO: The upper Limbs of a Primate. NOTE: Wordnet seems to restrict this to human arms, but this COSMO type is for an arm of any primate, or any other extraterrestrial that might have analogous grasping appendages. The tentacles of an Octopus or animal limbs other than primate arms are not included. Corresponds closely to but is broader than to noun sense 1 of 'arm' in WordNet: 1. (563) arm - (a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb)
Super-classes	HolderGripper^c Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	LeftHumanArm^c RightHumanArm^c

ArmBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmBone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arm bone' in WordNet: 1. arm bone - (a bone in the arm)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Arm^c
Sub-classes	RadiusBone^c HandBone^c Ulna^c Humerus^c

ArmExercise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmExercise`
Description	A ''GymnasticExercise'' is one or more ''GymnasticAction''s `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arm exercise' in WordNet: 1. arm exercise - (exercise designed to strengthen the arm muscles)`
Super-classes	BodybuildingAction^c GymnasticExercise^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value ArmMuscle^c causesIncreaseIn^op value ArmMuscleStrength^c
Sub-classes	PushUp^c

ArmMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmMovement`
Description	A specialization of #$BodyMovementEvent. Each instance of #$ArmMovement is a movement of an animal's arm, where the movement in question is generated by the animal, and involves movement of the upper arm or elbow in relation to the animal's body. Specializations of #$ArmMovement include #$RaisingAnArm and #$Reaching.
Super-classes	BodyMovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	Reaching^c Applauding-Clapping^c GrabbingOntoWithHand^c Proximalization^c

ArmMuscle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmMuscle`
Description	An ''ArmMuscle'' is a ''Muscle'' that is part of an ''Arm''.
Super-classes	Muscle^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Arm^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value AnimalBody^c

ArmMuscleStrength^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmMuscleStrength`
Description	''ArmMuscleStrength'' is a ''MuscleStrength'' that measures the strength of an ''ArmMuscle''.
Super-classes	MuscleStrength^c

ArmRest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmRest`
Description	A ''ArmRest'' is one of usually two raised parts on the side of a ''SeatingDevice'' that allows the sitter to rest the arms more comfortably. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armrest' in WordNet: 1. armrest - (a support for the arm)`
Super-classes	FurniturePart^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	supports^op value Arm^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some SeatingDevice^c

Armadillo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armadillo

Description

WN entry 'Edentate'. a 'little armored one'

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armadillo' in WordNet:
        1. (2) armadillo - (burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal 
           with body covered with strong horny plates)

Super-classes Edentate^c

Armchair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armchair`
Description	An ''Armchair'' is a ''Chair'' having two armrests, one one each side of the seat, on which a Person can rest the arms while sitting. CYC: A comfortable chair with cushions `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armchair' in WordNet: 1. (3) armchair - (chair with a support on each side for arms)`
Super-classes	Chair^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value ArmRest^c isForTheUseOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Recliner^c

Armed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armed

Description

''Armed'' is the attribute of an Agent that has acquired one or more 'Weapon''s in a ''AcquiringWeapons'' Action.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'armed' in WordNet:
         1. (10) armed - ((used of persons or the military) characterized by 
            having or bearing arms; 'armed robbery')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Armenian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armenian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Armenian' in Wordnet: 1. Armenian - (of or pertaining to Armenia or the people or culture of Armenia)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ArmenianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmenianPerson`
Description	`1. Armenian - (a native or inhabitant of Armenia)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armenia^c

Armor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armor`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, 'Armor' is one or more pieces of armor designed to protect a person or object. In Cyc 'Armor' is more like a substance, and the usage here differs somewhat from Cyc, but 'Armor' in COSMO is still very general, and can be small things such as the armored vests that are worn by police or soldiers, or the built-in armor plate of a tank or war vessel, or armoring around a facility such as a ground bunker. A borderline case of 'armor' is a 'Shield' carried on the arm for defense. Cyc: #$Armor is generically something used to protect an object from damage. There are many kinds of armor and they protect the objects they are attached to to various degrees and from various deleterious effects. Armor can be both intrinsic in an object (as with #$Tank-Vehicle or #$Beetle) or added on to an object (as with #$ReactiveArmor modules.) Includes but is broader than sense 1 and 3 of 'armor' in WordNet - body armor does not seem to be represented there. in WordNet: 1. (2) armor, armour - (protective covering made of metal and used in combat) 3. armor, armour - (tough more-or-less rigid protective covering of an animal or plant)
Super-classes	DefenseSystem^c DryObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Covering-Object^c
Sub-classes	ArmoredVest^c Shield^c

Armored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armored

Description

''Armored'' is the attribute of an Object that has some ''Armor'' covering some part of its surface for protection against objects that could penetrate and damage it. This can be applied to people or other objects such as vehicles, notably military tanks and ships.

       Includes adjective senses and 3 1 of 'armored' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) armored, armoured - (protected by armor (used of persons or things military))
         3. armored, panoplied - (equipped with the complete arms and armor of a warrior)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ArmoredCar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmoredCar

Description

CYC: The collection of #$ArmoredVehicles which have #$Automobile bodies (i.e. are 'cars'). These vehicles are often used to transport important or high-profile people through areas where they may be in danger of attack. They may also be used to transport valuables such as cash or jewels.

        Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'armored car' in WordNet:
          1. armored car, armoured car - (an armor-plated truck with strong doors 
              and locks used to transport money or valuables; 
              'the paintings were delivered to the museum in an air-conditioned armored car')
          2. armored car, armoured car - (a military combat vehicle on wheels with light armor 
            (and usually a machine gun))

Super-classes ArmoredVehicle-Light^c
RoadVehicle^c

ArmoredVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmoredVehicle`
Description	$ArmoredVehicle is a specialization of `#$TransportationDevice-Vehicle and #$LandTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$ArmoredVehicle is a land vehicle protected by armor. This collection includes both tracked and wheeled vehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armored vehicle' in WordNet: 1. armored vehicle, armoured vehicle - (a vehicle that is protected by armor plate)`
Super-classes	HumanSizedObject^c LandTransportationVehicle^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Armored^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Armor^c
Sub-classes	ArmoredVehicle-Heavy^c Artillery-SelfPropelled^c ArmoredVehicle-Light^c

ArmoredVehicle-Heavy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmoredVehicle-Heavy`
Description	$ArmoredVehicle-Heavy is a specialization of `#$ArmoredVehicle and #$MilitaryVehicle. Each instance of #$ArmoredVehicle-Heavy is designed to sustain tank, artillery, and small-arm fire while engaging in combat. The light-armored vehicles, on the other hand, only sustain small-arm fire and shrapnel. This collection is disjoint with #$ArmoredVehicle-Light.`
Super-classes	MilitaryVehicle^c ArmoredVehicle^c
Sub-classes	Tank^c

ArmoredVehicle-Light^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmoredVehicle-Light`
Description	The class of vehicles that have enough armor to protect against bullets but are not comparable to a tank or something heavliy protected.
Super-classes	ArmoredVehicle^c
Sub-classes	ArmoredCar^c

ArmoredVest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmoredVest

Description

COSMO note: in COSMO, 'Armor' is one or more pieces of armor designed to protect a person or object. In Cyc 'Armor' is more like a substance, and the usage here differs somewhat from Cyc, but 'Armor' in COSMO is still very general, and can be small things such as the armored vests that are worn by police or soldiers, or the built-in armor plate of a tank or war vessel, or armoring around a facility such as a ground bunker.

    In Cyc called 'Vest-Bulletproof'
    Cyc: The collection of #$Vests that are reinforced so
        as to afford protection for the wearer against being shot by
        a gun.

      Includes but is broader than *part* of noun sense 1 of 'armor' in WordNet:
        1. (2) armor, armour - (protective covering made of metal and used in combat)

Super-classes Vest^c
Armor^c

Armpit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armpit`
Description	`CYC: The area under where the arm meets the torso; opposite of shoulder on the arm Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armpit' in WordNet: 1. (2) armpit, axilla, axillary cavity, axillary fossa - (the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder; 'they were up to their armpits in water')`
Super-classes	BodyCavity^c AnimalBodyPart^c SolidObject^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Shoulder^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Torso^c

Army^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Army`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc called 'Army-BranchOfService'. This is the army of any country, or of a large organized rebellion contending to be the government of a country. As in Cyc, this is the whole army, not one unit such as 'The Fourth Army' which is part of a larger army or army group. `The collection of all modern nation-states' armies (i.e. the whole branch of service). This sense of 'army' is different from that of 'Army' or 'Army Group' as sometimes applied to certain military units, e.g. the American 5th Army in the European Theater in WWII. Use #$Army-MilitaryEchelon for the latter meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'army' in WordNet: 1. (61) army, regular army, ground forces - (a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state)`
Super-classes	BranchOfMilitaryService^c
Sub-classes	Legion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheUnitedStatesArmy

ArmyCaptain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmyCaptain

Description

An ''ArmyCaptain'' is a Person with the rank of 'Captain' serving in the US army.

        This is for an Army rank; the Navy Captain' has a higher level of
           command responsibility.
        in WordNet:
        1. (16) captain - (an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant)

Super-classes Captain^c

ArmyDivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmyDivision`
Description	COSMO note: this type of 'Division' is specifically for the Army. Called in CYC 'Division-MilitaryEchelon' Cyc: The attribute of being a military division within a military echelon structure. In the USA, a military unit with the status of #$Corps-UnitDesignation is typically composed of three or more units with the status of #$Division-UnitDesignation, and a unit with the status of #$Division-UnitDesignation is typically composed of nine or more units with the status of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation. See also #$Brigade-UnitDesignation and #$Regiment-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'division' in WordNet: 1. (10) division - (an army unit large enough to sustain combat; 'two infantry divisions were held in reserve')
Super-classes	Division-Military^c ModernMilitaryOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBigRedOne

ArmySquad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmySquad

Description

       In CYC 'Squad-MilitaryEchelon':
        The attribute of being a military squad within a
        military echelon structure.  In the USA, a military unit
        with the status of #$Platoon-UnitDesignation is typically
        composed of two or more units with the status of #$Squad-UnitDesignation.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squad' in WordNet:
            1. (8) squad - (a smallest army unit)

Super-classes ArmyUnit^c
ModernMilitaryOrganization^c

ArmyUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArmyUnit`
Description	An ''ArmyUnit'' is a ''MilitaryUnit'' in the Army. This is for the US army, other countries may have similar or different designations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'army unit' in WordNet: 1. army unit - (a military unit that is part of an army)`
Super-classes	MilitaryUnit^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op value Army^c
Sub-classes	ArmySquad^c Company-Military^c TroopOfSoldiers^c Regiment-MilitaryEchelon^c Squad-Military^c Infantry^c Brigade-MilitaryEchelon^c MechanizedCavalry^c MilitaryCorps^c Platoon^c

AromaticCompound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AromaticCompound`
Description	An ''AliphaticCompound'' is an OrganicCompound that has some 'aromatic' ring structures. RHW: 'aromatic compound': an organic compound that contains one or more benzene or equivalent heterocyclic rings: many such compounds have an agreeable odor. NOTE:in WN this is a subtype of ''Hdrocarbon', but being aromatic' does not preclude having atoms other than Carbon and Hydrogen - compounds with Nitrogen and Oxygen are common, and other elements can be included. THe RHW definition includes 'heterocyclic' rings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aromatic compound' in WordNet: 1. aromatic compound - (a hydrocarbon containing one or more benzene rings that are characteristic of the benzene series of compounds)
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Styrene^c BenzoicAcid^c Benzene^c Toluene^c Pyridine^c

Aroused^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aroused`
Description	''Aroused''is the attribute of someone who is in an EmotionalState that is not calm, but has some issue (real or imagined) causing concern. `Corresponds to sense 6 of 'aroused' in WordNet: 2. (4) aroused, emotional, excited, worked up - ((of persons) excessively affected by emotion; 'he would become emotional over nothing at all'; 'she was worked up about all the noise')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Agitated^c Inspired^c

ArousingAnEmotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArousingAnEmotion`
Description	ArousingAnEmotion is an Event in which some emotion of a Person is evoked or increased. For a more intense stimulation of Feelings use subtype ''Stimulate''. NOTE: ''ArousingAnEmotion'' has a subtype of ''EvokingaMemory - although the process of remembering something is not usally thought of as an ''Emotion'' memories often have emotions andFeelings as components. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arouse' in WordNet, however this sense is for arousing emotions only, not actions. in WordNet: 1. (14) arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, evoke, fire, raise, provoke - (call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); 'arouse pity'; 'raise a smile'; 'evoke sympathy')
Super-classes	StimulatingaPersonToAction^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some EmotionalState^c causesMentalEventType^op some FeelingType^c
Sub-classes	InterestingaPerson^c StimulatingaFeeling^c ExcitingEvent^c EncouragingEvent^c OverwhelmingEmotionally^c InspiringSomeone^c EvokingaMemory^c

Arranged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arranged`
Description	''Arranged'' is the AttributeValue of some Objects (Physical or Abstract) or Events that have been ''Ordered'' in some manner by an Agent. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arranged' in WordNet: 1. (3) arranged, ordered - (disposed or placed in a particular kind of order; 'the carefully arranged chessmen'; 'haphazardly arranged interlobular septa'; 'comfortable chairs arranged around the fireplace')`
Super-classes	Ordered^c
Sub-classes	Spaced^c

Arrangement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arrangement`
Description	An 'Arrangement' is an OrderedGroup of PhysicalObjects resulting from an ''Arranging'' action.. NOTE: the PhysicalObjects could be any kind: separate solid objects on a surface or in a container; the parts of a device that fit together; the pieces of text and graphics on a page of a PhysicalDocument. This is only one of several senses of 'arrangement' in English, and corresponds to sense 5 in the Random House Webster: '5. something arranged in a particular way: a floral arrangement; the arrangement of chairs for the seminar.' `The abstract representation of an ''Arrangement'' created by an intentional ''Designing'' process would be a ''Layout''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'arrangement' in WordNet: 2. (4) arrangement - (an orderly grouping (of things or persons) considered as a unit; the result of arranging; 'a flower arrangement')`
Super-classes	OrderedGroup^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasRepresentation^op value Layout^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalArray^c Formation^c Drift^c Scaffolding^c Wreath^c LightingArrangement^c FloralArrangement^c Stack^c Mound^c

ArrangementOfLikeObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArrangementOfLikeObjects`
Description	CYC: A collection of groups of #$PhysicalObjects. Each instance of #$ArrangementOfLikeObjects is a group of partially tangible objects, all of the same type (see #$arrangementObjectTypes and #$arrangementNearestObjectTypes), having a specified set of spatial relations holding among them (see #$arrangementPredicates and #$arrangementNearestPredicates). See also #$Group.
Super-classes	Group^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Pile^c JunctionOfPaths^c

Arranging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arranging`
Description	''Arranging'' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' that creates an ''Arrangement''. This is mostly for ''Object''s (Physical or Abstract) being put into some kind of order; but the subtype ''SpacingThingsOut'' includes 'spacing' a sequence of Events so that there is a TimeInterval between subsequent events. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arrange' in WordNet: 1. (14) arrange, set up - (put into a proper or systematic order; 'arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Arrangement^c
Sub-classes	SpacingThingsOut^c Arraying^c Formatting^c Rearranging^c StringingObjectsOnaString^c

Array^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Array`
Description	An ''Array'' is an '''OrderedGroup'' of objects (abstract or physical) that has some one-or two-dimensional Ordering describable in geometric terms (not necessarily created by an IntelligentAgent. `For an array of PhysicalObjects use ''PhysicalArray''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'array' in WordNet: 1. (4) array - (an orderly arrangement; 'an array of troops in battle order')`
Super-classes	OrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOrTwoDimensional^c
Sub-classes	TwoDimensionalTable^c SpectrumOfValues^c

Arraying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arraying`
Description	''Arraying'' is an ''Arranging'' that creates an ''Array'', i.e. a one or two-dimensional ''Arrangement''. This is for Physical objects being put ito an array (of any dimensionality). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'array' in WordNet: 1. (1) range, array, lay out, set out - (lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line; 'lay out the clothes'; 'lay out the arguments')`
Super-classes	Arranging^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some PhysicalArray^c

Arrested^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arrested`
Description	''Arrested'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who has been arrested and is still in custody (has not been released nor escaped). The synonym 'imprisoned' may not be exactly identical in meaning, but to be 'Arrested'' in this sense one must be in some kind of jail or detainment facility, even if only the police station More specific subtypes (e.g. 'in a high-security prison') can be created when needed.
Super-classes	Constrained^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Prisoner^c

Arresting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arresting`
Description	''Arresting'' is a ''Capturing'' of a Person (who by virtue of the action of the police in deeming him/her subject to arrest is thereby rendered a ''Suspect'') In CYC 'ArrestingSomeone': The collection of all instances of #$TakingAPersonPrisoner which constitute legally sanctioned arrests by law enforcement officers. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'arrest' in WordNet: 1. (20) collar, nail, apprehend, arrest, pick up, nab, cop - (take into custody; 'the police nabbed the suspected criminals') WN noun 'arrest': 1. (5) apprehension, arrest, catch, collar, pinch, taking into custody - (the act of apprehending (especially apprehending a criminal); 'the policeman on the beat got credit for the collar')
Super-classes	LawEnforcementActivity^c SocialOccurrence^c Capturing^c LegalProceeding^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyFollowedBy^op value Imprisoning^c hasResult^op some Prisoner^c hadAffectedAgent^op some Suspect^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Arrested^c

Arrhythmia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arrhythmia`
Description	''Arrhythmia'' is a 'HeartBeat' in which the beating Action is not simply periodic, but has occasional beats that are out of rhythm, usually due to some abnormal electrical activity in the nerves of the heart that activate the heart muscles. Some types of ''Arrhythmia''may have 'no clinical significance' and this is therefore not always an ''AilmentCondition''. `CYC: The collection of instances of the #$PhysiologicalCondition in which one has odd alterations from one's regular heartbeat. The condition may be medically innocuous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrhythmia' in WordNet: 1. cardiac arrhythmia, arrhythmia - (an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart)`
Super-classes	HeartBeating^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Irregular^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abnormal^c
Sub-classes	AtrialFibrillation^c Palpitation^c

ArrivingAtAPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArrivingAtAPlace`
Description	A physical transfer in which the performer moves to a location other than that from which s/he started. See also #$LeavingAPlace. Every ArrivingAtAPlace causes a Presence. The Place arrived at is related to the arrival action by the relation 'hasEndingPlace' (inherited from GeneralizedTransfer) the ending place is required by the inherited restriction. In COSMO this is interpreted as a CompletionEvent, and the starting point of the full trip need not be specified, therefore the parent 'Translation-SingleTrajectory' is removed, as it requires a 'from' role whereas we may know only the 'to' location. The result and ending state of 'ArrivingAtAPlace' is an instance of 'Presence' (being in some location). NOTE that each 'ArrivingAtAPlace' is the finishing phase of some 'Approaching'; however, not every 'Approaching' ends in an 'ArrivingAtAPlace', since the course may change and the approaching object may never arrive at the point that it was approaching. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arrive' and verb sense 1 of 'reach' and noun sense 2 of 'arrival' and verb sense 2 of 'come' in WordNet: WN 'arrive': 1. (53) arrive, get, come - (reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress; 'She arrived home at 7 o'clock'; 'She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight') WN 'arrival': 2. (3) arrival - (the act of arriving at a certain place; 'they awaited her arrival') WN verb 'reach' 1. (111) reach, make, attain, hit, arrive at, gain - (reach a destination, either real or abstract; 'We hit Detroit by noon'; 'The water reached the doorstep'; 'We barely made it to the finish line'; 'I have to hit the MAC machine before the weekend starts')
Super-classes	ReachingaGoalState^c Translation-LocationChange^c GoingSomewhere^c TransferIn^c
Restrictions	hadEndingState^op some BeingInaPlace^c agentHasAttribute^op value Incoming^c causes^op value BeingInaPlace^c finishes^op some GoingSomewhere^c
Sub-classes	HelicopterLanding^c ReplacingSomething^c MovingToaPlace^c Bringing^c AircraftLanding^c SwoopingDown^c Landing^c CrossingTheFinishLine^c

Arrogance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arrogance`
Description	A intense degree of pride that causes contempt for others and disregard for their opinon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrogance' in WordNet: 1. (1) arrogance, haughtiness, hauteur, high-handedness, lordliness - (overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors)`
Super-classes	Pride^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Arrogant^c
Sub-classes	Hubris^c

Arrogant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arrogant`
Description	A intense degree of 'Proud'' that causes contempt for others and disregard for their opinon. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arrogant' in WordNet: 1. (1) arrogant, chesty, self-important - (having or showing feelings of unwarranted importance out of overbearing pride; 'an arrogant official'; 'arrogant claims'; 'chesty as a peacock')`
Super-classes	SelfConfident^c Proud^c
Sub-classes	Snobbish^c Sanctimonious^c

Arrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arrow`
Description	CYC: The collection of arrows. The feather-like ''Vane''s at the end are not specified as a required part yet (rev1191). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrow' in Wordnet: 2. (3) arrow - (a projectile with a straight thin shaft and an arrowhead on one end and stabilizing vanes on the other; intended to be shot from a bow)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c PointyEndedObject^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c PrimitiveWeapon^c StraightObject^c ProjectileWeapon^c
Restrictions	isPropelledBy^op value Bow-Weapon^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c hasEndingObject^op value ArrowHead^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 600.0^c

ArrowHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArrowHead`
Description	The set of arrowHeads. These are commonly, but not necesarily, triangular `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrowhead' in Wordnet: 1. arrowhead - (the pointed head or striking tip of an arrow)`
Super-classes	DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c PointyEndedObject^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op value Arrow^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Arrow^c

Arroyo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arroyo`
Description	CYC: The collection of usually dry watercourses (creek beds) typically found in arid parts of the world. When it rains, they channel water. Otherwise (most of the time) they are just dry ''Ditch''es. `NOTE; that the WN gloss ignores the most significant defining aspect of an ''Arroyo'' being that it is usually dry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arroyo' in WordNet: 1. (3) arroyo - (a stream or brook)`
Super-classes	Ditch^c RiverBed^c LandTopographicalFeature^c FluidConduit^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasAttribute^op value Dry^c

Arsenal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arsenal

Description

A human-constructed storage facility used by a military organization for storing weapons.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'arsenal' in WordNet:
           2. arsenal, armory, armoury - 
              (a military structure where arms and ammunition 
                and other military equipment are stored 
                and training is given in the use of arms)

Super-classes MilitaryFacility^c
StorageConstruct^c
StorageFacility^c

Arsenic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arsenic

Description

A substance that is a chemcal element. In CYC is it an object, in COSMO it is not - it is a substance.

    CYC: All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby
        molecules) of arsenic; typically, these will be tightly
        bound into solid form - but not necessarily.


        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arsenic' in WordNet:
          1. (4) arsenic, As, atomic number 33 -
              (a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms;
                arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides 
                and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar)

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c
Mineral^c
ToxicSubstance^c
NonMetal^c

Arson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arson

Description

CYC: The collection of criminal startings of fires.

    SUMO: An act where an agent sets something which it does not possess 
     on fire in order to destroy it or its contents.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arson' in WordNet:
         1. arson, incendiarism, fire-raising - (malicious burning to destroy property;
            'the British term for arson is fire-raising')

Super-classes IntentionalDestruction^c
AttackOnObject^c
Felony^c
SettingSomethingOnFire^c

Art^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Art`
Description	'Art' is the generic FieldOfStudy for those endeavors that are neither Science nor Technology, and deal primarily with the creation of things whose purpose is esthetic appreciation rather than practical utility. This includes the fine arts, music, visual arts such as painting and sculpture, poetry, dance, writing for esthetic effect, especially but not exclusively fiction, etc. This includes ''Architecture'' as a combination of ''Engineering'' and ''Art''. `The closest WordNet sense appears to be sense 2 of 'art', but that appears to be the activity of producting art works, not the more abstract FieldOfStudy: in WordNet: 2. (15) art, artistic creation, artistic production - (the creation of beautiful or significant things; 'art does not need to be innovative to be good'; 'I was never any good at art'; 'he said that architecture is the art of wasting space beautifully')`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c
Restrictions	isTheFieldOfProfession^op value ArtAsaProfession^c hasTopic^op value ArtActivity^c
Sub-classes	Nanotechnology^c Architecture^c TheArtOfMusic^c TheArtOfCeramics^c TheArtOfPainting^c

ArtActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtActivity`
Description	''ArtActivity'' includes any activity related to the creation or enjoyment of works of art including performing arts as well as visual and musical arts and written works; music, drama, fine arts, literature, and related activities. This is a heterogeous category, and is defined primarily by its subtypes `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'art' in WordNet: 1. art, artistic creation, artistic production - (the creation of beautiful or significant things; 'art does not need to be innovative to be good'; 'I was never any good at art'; 'he said that architecture is the art of wasting space beautifully')`
Super-classes	Action^c CulturalThing^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Artistic^c
Sub-classes	CraftingObjects^c Modernism^c PerformingArtActivity^c VisualArtActivity^c CreatingaConceptualWork^c

ArtAsaProfession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtAsaProfession`
Description	'ArtAsaProfession' is the 'occupation' of creating works of art, for (at least some times) pay or other valuable consideration.
Super-classes	Profession^c
Restrictions	isTheProfessionOfField^op value Art^c

ArtGallery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtGallery`
Description	An ''ArtGallery'' is a ''Room'' where Art works are displayed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'art gallery' in WordNet: 1. gallery, art gallery, picture gallery - (a room or series of rooms where works of art are exhibited)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value DisplayingArtWorks^c
Sub-classes	Salon^c

ArtObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtObject`
Description	COSMO note: This is a very broad category of PhysicalObjects that are created as works of Art - which does not require that the work can also have a practical purpose - artifacts may in general be multipurpose. The restriction requires that the Artist be identified, but if unknown, this relation can be satisfied by pointing to 'UnknownPerson'. ArtObject (CYC) ArtWork (SUMO) OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$HumanAccessibleIBO and #$Artifact. Each instance of #$ArtObject is a tangible object that is a work, or a reproduction of a work, in one of the representational or plastic arts, such as a painting, sculpture, ceramic piece, quilt, or stained glass composition. #$ArtObject does _not_ include as instances plays, movies, music, performance art, or other activities. #$ArtObject is a specialization of #$InformationBearingObject, but its instances need not have any propositional content. Examples of #$ArtObject: the #$StatueOfLiberty, the Mona Lisa, a poster reproduction of Van Gogh's 'Starry Night', Rodin's 'Burghers of Calais', a piece of Ju ware from the Sung Dynasty, the windows of Chartres Cathedral, a series of prints by Picasso. SUMO: (ArtWork) Artifacts that are created primarily for aesthetic appreciation. Note that this Class does not include most examples of architecture, which belong under StationaryArtifact. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'art' in WordNet: 1. (49) art, fine art - (the products of human creativity; works of art collectively; 'an art exhibition'; 'a fine collection of art')
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some Artist^c
Sub-classes	Tassel^c FineArtObject^c WallPaperSheet^c Crucifix^c Frill^c

ArtOrFashionModel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtOrFashionModel

Description

An 'ArtOrFashionModel' is a person who either poses for artists (including photographers) or wears clothing being offered for sale, to display that clothing to potential buyers. This occupation can be part-time or occasional, and a person has that role either while performing the service full-time over some time interval, or if occasional, only while actualy performing the service.

      Includes noun senses 3 and 8 of 'model' in WordNet:
        3. (6) model, poser - (a person who poses for a photographer or painter or sculptor;
           'the president didn't have time to be a model so the artist worked from photos')
        8. mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin, fashion model, model - (a woman who 
           wears clothes to display fashions; 'she was too fat to be a mannequin')

Super-classes PersonWithOccupation^c

ArtStudio^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtStudio

Description

An artist's studio where the art gets made.

    SUMO: A Room, suite of Rooms or Building which is 
      devoted to the creation of ArtWorks.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atelier' in WordNet:
      1. artist's workroom, atelier - (a studio especially for an artist or designer)

Super-classes Workshop^c
Studio^c

ArtSupplies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtSupplies`
Description	''ArtSupplies'' is a collective term,but this type represents one PhysicalObject used in any form of visual art. This is interpreted as a Group of one item from a Group of ''Supplies'' represented by the parent type. 'Supplies''.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Supplies^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value VisualArtActivity^c
Sub-classes	Palette^c

ArterioSclerosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArterioSclerosis`
Description	''ArterioSclerosis'' is a subtype of 'Sclerosis' in which artery walls become hardened and/or thickened. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arteriosclerosis' in WordNet: 1. arteriosclerosis, arterial sclerosis, hardening of the arteries, induration of the arteries, coronary-artery disease - (sclerosis of the arterial walls)`
Super-classes	Sclerosis^c
Sub-classes	Atherosclerosis^c

Artery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artery`
Description	Tubular, branching vessel which carries blood from the heart to the body. `SUMO: Any BloodVessel which transfers Blood from the Heart to the extremities of the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artery' in WordNet: 1. (5) artery, arteria, arterial blood vessel - (a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body)`
Super-classes	BloodVessel^c
Sub-classes	Aorta^c

Arthritis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arthritis`
Description	Arthritis is characterized by stiffening and pain in joints. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arthritis' in WordNet: 1. (2) arthritis - (inflammation of a joint or joints)`
Super-classes	ChronicCondition^c Inflammation^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c causes^op some PainOrAche^c
Sub-classes	Gout^c

Arthropod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arthropod`
Description	A #$BiologicalPhylum and a specialization of #$Invertebrate. Each instance of #$Arthropod is a member of a species whose members are typically chitin-armored invertebrates with jointed bodies and limbs. Specializations include #$Insect, #$Crustacean, and #$Arachnid. `NOTE that Arthropods are listed as 'WalkingAnimal' though some Arthropods can fly, and use flying as their typical means of propulsion. Being a 'WalkingAnimal' only means that the prototype is able to walk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arthropod' in WordNet: 1. arthropod - (invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin)`
Super-classes	WalkingAnimal^c Coelomate^c Invertebrate^c
Sub-classes	Millipede^c BloodFeedingArthropod^c Crustacean^c Centipede^c Insect^c Arachnid^c

ArthropodBite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArthropodBite`
Description	An ''ArthropodBite'' is the ''Bite'' of an insect or arachnid, often only a minor irritation but sometimes quite painful. This is an Object; the condition caused is ''BiteOrSting''. `Includes but is broader (includes arachnids like sspiders and scorpions) than sense 3 of 'sting' in WordNet: 3. sting, bite, insect bite - (a painful wound caused by the thrust of an insect's stinger into skin)`
Super-classes	Wound^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value BiteOrSting^c isProducedByEventType^op value StingingByAnimal^c wasCreatedBy^op only ArthropodType^c
Sub-classes	FleaBite^c BeeSting^c MosquitoBite^c

ArthropodType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArthropodType`
Description	ArthropodType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for an ''Arthropod' (insect or spider) in its aspect as an animal
Super-classes	BeastType^c
Members	Insect CarpenterAnt Termite Firefly Bee BollWeevil Arachnid Ant Wasp Spider Fly Weevil HorseFly HouseFly Dragonfly Xylophage Hornet Mosquito

Artichoke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artichoke`
Description	A ''VegetableFoodObject'' that is produced by a ''ArtichokePlant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'artichoke' in WordNet: 2. artichoke, globe artichoke - (a thistlelike flower head with edible fleshy leaves and heart)`
Super-classes	VegetableFoodObject^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value ArtichokePlant^c

ArtichokePlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtichokePlant`
Description	A ''Vegetable-Plant'' that grows ''Artichoke''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artichoke plant' in WordNet: 1. artichoke, globe artichoke, artichoke plant, Cynara scolymus - (Mediterranean thistlelike plant widely cultivated for its large edible flower head)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Plant^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Artichoke^c

Article^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Article`
Description	A nonfiction literary composition (which may include pictures or multimedia attachments) published or intended to be published with other Articles. A single Article, e.g. in a pamphlet may be an instance of this type. An Article is seldom more than one hundred pages long - the borderline between an Article and a chapter in a book is not clearly defined. An Article can be published online, without any corresponding paper version, or may have both paper and online versions. Since this represents the abstract article, the same 'Article' may have an online as well as a paper representation. `CYC ('Article-PCW'): The collection of all nonfiction literary compositions intended to be published as a subdivision of some #$PublishedMaterial. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'article' in WordNet: 1. (14) article - (nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication)`
Super-classes	Report^c ProseLiteraryWork^c
Sub-classes	NewspaperColumn^c ScholarlyArticle^c ReviewArticle^c

ArticleCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArticleCopy`
Description	A 'PhysicalObject' that is a physical representation of some abstract 'Article'; this may be on paper or in some digital form. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'article' in WordNet (which does not distinguish the abstract and physical things): in WordNet: 1. (14) article - (nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication)`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Op-EdArticle^c

Articulate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Articulate

Description

''Articulate'' is being able to express oneself clearly and make one's thoughts understood. ''Articulate'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of a Person who can and regularly does express ideas clearly - ''Articulating' thoughts.

     Compare: ''Eloquent'' - being able to speak using expressions that impress listeners
        with phraseology that appears both appropriate and forceful, being able to
        convey meaning and convince by imagery and emotional appeal more than by logic.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'articulate' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) articulate - (expressing yourself easily or characterized 
          by clear expressive language; 'articulate speech'; 'an articulate orator'; 
          'articulate beings')

Super-classes ArticulateOrEloquent^c

ArticulateOrEloquent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArticulateOrEloquent`
Description	CYC: Having a natural facility eloquence or fluency with written or spoken words particularly with one's native language (see #$nativeLanguage). Good writers are often #$ArticulateOrEloquent. `See subtypes ''Articulate''and ''Eloquent'' and ''FluentInaLanguage''.`
Super-classes	Intelligent^c
Sub-classes	Eloquent^c FluentInaLanguage^c Articulate^c

Articulating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Articulating`
Description	''Articulating'' is an 'ExpressingLinguistically' in a manner that is clear and precise and properly inclusive. `NOTE: the WN gloss is not clear whether 'clear' means only clear in pronunciation or clear in meaning or both. This type represents speaking both with proper pronunciation and using words that make the meaning clear. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 4 of 'articulate' in WordNet: 4. articulate, enunciate, vocalize, vocalise - (express or state clearly)`
Super-classes	ExpressingLinguistically^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Clear^c

Artifact-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artifact-Generic`
Description	An Artifact-Generic was anything created by an Agent. More useful categories will be the more specific Types. Original COSMO Indented List name: Artifact-Generic_includes_conceptual_works__laws__information_objects_ OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of things created by #$Agents. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a #$KnowledgeBase, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of #$Artifact-Generics is partitioned into #$Artifact and #$Artifact-Intangible (q.v.). For substypes labeled 'product' see also 'Product', 'ManufacturedGoods' The term 'creature' (e.g. 'a city is a creture of the state' can also be used for anything created by an intelligent agent; but no such sense is in WordNet. Corresponds approximately to noun 1 of 'artifact' and part of noun sense 2 of 'work'(but only applies to objects, not Actions) in WordNet, being interpreted as both physical and abstract work products: in WordNet: WN 'artifact': 1. (1) artifact, artefact - (a man-made object taken as a whole) WN 'product' 2. (138) product, production - (an artifact that has been created by someone or some process; 'they improve their product every year'; 'they export most of their agricultural production') WN noun 'work': 2. (359) work, piece of work - (a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing; 'it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works'; 'the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work'; 'he was indebted to the pioneering work of John Dewey'; 'the work of an active imagination'; 'erosion is the work of wind or water over time') WN noun 'creation' 2. (4) creation - (an artifact that has been brought into existence by someone)
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op only (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Artificial^c
Sub-classes	Slit^c InformationBearingThing^c Entrance^c NationalEconomy^c ComputerApplicationProgram^c SoftwareAgent^c Puzzle-Generic^c ComposedObject^c Speech^c Compiler^c Software^c Footfall^c Hatchway^c Patchwork^c FingerHole^c FrontDoor^c CulturalArtifact^c Garden^c Masterpiece^c ArtificialSubstance^c MentalObject^c KeyHole^c Representation^c EyeHole^c ConceptualWork^c ArtifactObject^c Intake^c Exit^c Farmland^c Music^c PiercedHole^c UserInterface^c EconomicAid^c Theme^c Weapon^c OutdoorRecreationArea^c Erotica^c ServiceEvent^c Product^c Commodity^c VisualInformationBearingThing^c PartyGift^c
In domain of	isaCommercialProductOf^op wasCreatedBySoleAgent^op hasIntendedPrimaryFunction^op

Artifact-NonAgentive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artifact-NonAgentive`
Description	An instance of #$ObjectType, and a specialization of #$Artifact-Generic. #$Artifact-NonAgentive is the collection of all artifacts that are not agents (i.e., that are not instances of #$Agent-Generic). Specializations of #$Artifact-NonAgentive include #$Bicycle, #$Pants, #$Canal, and #$FoodUtensil. `COSMO note: Artifacts are not Agentive in the CYC sense that they are not IntentionalAgents (they can't speak or form plans); therefore they cannot be 'Automaton''s. However, in COSMO an Instrument is an instance of GenericAgent (it can be the subject of a transitive verb phrase), so the CYC name must not be interpreted as meaning that an Artifact-NonAgentive is not a GenericAgent.`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Toy^c ArtSupplies^c Fan-HandHeld^c Bedcloth^c Balloon^c RugbyBall^c MagneticTapeCassette^c Facility-Generic^c BlockWall^c Mesh^c AddingMachine^c Cord^c Reinforcement^c Excavation-Hole^c TextileArtifact^c PingPongBall^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c Game-EquipmentSet^c Roof^c Pill^c AlarmDevice^c ProcessedNaturalObject^c Ceiling^c GenericVane^c PersonalHygieneProduct^c BedFootboard^c UnlockedObject^c SoccerBall^c MechanicalComponent^c BoardOrBlock^c PieceOfPlasticFilm^c HoldingDevice^c FurniturePiece^c MusicEquipment^c PathArtifactSystem^c HeatingDevice^c CroquetBall^c Swivel^c Shaft^c Turbine^c Tent^c Umbrella^c Sail^c GolfBall^c NonPoweredDevice^c SolidFoodArtifact^c CarHood^c TennisBall^c Bumper^c SportsEquipment^c Terrace^c Holder^c PersonalProduct^c Pincushion^c PunkahFan^c StringOrLine^c Train-TransportationDevice^c CuttingDevice^c DisposableProduct^c AntiTheftDevice^c SpiderWeb^c Orthotic^c Door^c Armor^c BasketballBall^c PackagedProduct^c WearableItem^c DeckOfCards^c LongSheet^c PaperObject^c Wall^c Shield^c ExteriorWall^c Footboard^c Motor^c LightingDevice^c StationeryProduct^c Jewel^c CleaningDevice^c FreeWeight^c PrintedMaterial^c PoloBall^c Wire^c PhysicalWeb^c Pad^c LeatherObject^c Fender^c PieceOfCloth^c MeasuringDevice^c VolleyballBall^c MedicalDevice^c Propeller^c Wick^c PlaygroundDevice^c Pipe^c SheetOfMetal^c BaseballBall^c RealEstate^c ContraceptiveDevice^c ScouringPad^c Structure^c ArtObject^c DisabilityAidEquipment^c Tool^c RoomPartition^c Cushion^c Balcony^c FootballBall-American^c PlayingCard^c BowlingBall^c Mound^c FabricObject^c

ArtifactBase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtifactBase`
Description	A ''ArtifactBase'' is the flat-bottomed part of an ArtifactObject that is the bottom part of the Object and helps support the Object while it is oriented to serve its function, `In CYC 'Pedestal'. A ''ArtifactBase'' is typically plate-like but can have any planar cross-section on the bottom, from circular to square. The center part that may hold a ''ArtifactStem'' Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'base' in WordNet: 10. (2) base, pedestal, stand - (a support or foundation; 'the base of the lamp')`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c PartOfanArtifact^c SupportingObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c SolidObject^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasOrientation^op value Horizontal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c isTheBottomPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c

ArtifactObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtifactObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is an Artifact (created by animal, Organization, or automaton). COSMO note: this class was merged with the Cyc 'Artifact-HumanCreated' because little logical difference could be discerned, though in COSMO objects created by animals (''AnimalArtifact'') or automatons are also considered as ArtifactObjects. An artifact that is not a PhysicalObject is represented as ''ConceptualWork'' or ''ArtificialSubstance'', and some other more specialized subtypes.. If a broad class of specifically human artifacts is needed, it can be created as a subtype of this class, however, that role may be served by the subtype ''Device'' and other specific subtypes.. Most instances of Artifact will be created by humans - people, groups, organizations, or their automaton servants. Artifactual objects created by non-humans (e.g. animals) will also be instances of ArtifactObject (e.g. 'SpiderWeb', bird's nest). Things made by non-animate natural forces (e.g. river channels) are not included in this type. NOTE: this type includes as subtype ''ArtifactOrganism'' to represent ''Organism''s that are similar to natural Organisms, but were modified in some way to have significant characteristics that do not occur in nature. This includes genetically modified organisms that have gene combinations not found in nature (though they may occur individully in different organisms), and animal or plant breeds significantly different from the natural type produced by selective breeding, and subtypes of organisms that have special characteristics that are not inherited genetically, but are induced by treating the growing organisms in some unusual way to produce adults withspecial characteristics, such as ''Bonsai'' trees. Artifact( Cyc and SUMO); material-artifact(DOLCE) SUMO: A CorpuscularObject that is the product of a Making. Cyc comment for 'Artifact-HumanCreated': A collection of individual #$Artifacts. Each instance of #$Artifact-HumanCreated is a tangible thing made by an instance of #$HomoSapiens, or by a (#$GroupFn #$HomoSapiens). Examples include instances of #$Clothing-Generic, #$Automobile, #$DrainageCanal, and #$HydroelectricDam. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Artifact is an at least partially tangible thing which was intentionally created by an #$Agent (or a group of #$Agents working together) to serve some purpose or perform some function. In order to create an instance of #$Artifact, it is not necessary that an #$Agent create the matter out of which the #$Artifact is composed; rather, an #$Agent can create an instance of #$Artifact by assembling or modifying existing matter. Examples of #$Artifacts include a wooden flute that's been whittled from a tree branch, a sawhorse that's been put together out of boards and nails, and a coin that's been minted by embossing or by melting liquid silver into a mold. In addition to the obvious human artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), the collection #$Artifact also includes certain sorts of things made by #$Animals, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams. Artifacts without any tangible parts are excluded from the collection #$Artifact; they are included in the collection #$Artifact-Intangible. DOLCE: material-artifact: No easy definition of artifactual properties is possible, hence it is better to rely on alternative descriptions and roles: a physical object that shows or is known to have an artifactual origin that counts in the tasks an ontology is supposed to support, will be a material artifact. On the other hand, physical objects that do not show that origin, or that origin is unimportant for the task of the ontology, will be physical bodies. Formally, a restriction is provided here that requires that the collection whose members are (at least some of the) proper parts of a material artifact is unified by a plan or project. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artifact' and sense 3 of 'thing' in WordNet: WN 'artifact': 1. (1) artifact, artefact - (a man-made object taken as a whole) WN 'thing': 3. (224) thing - (an artifact; 'how does this thing work?')
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c UsefulThing^c Artifact-Generic^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Terrace^c GameArtifact^c DocumentaryEvidence^c InformationRecordingDevice^c ElectricalComponent^c Cane^c AmusementParkRide^c Waiver^c PuttingGreenCup^c BasketballCourt^c Sash^c ProductObject^c MagnetArtifact^c Spout^c StageProp^c StoneArtifact^c Rack^c WreckedObject^c Device-OneTimeUse^c Swivel^c WeightArtifact^c GenericDisguise^c BookCover^c LongSheet^c RainGear^c Board^c RecreationalObject^c Bristles^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c TransportationDevice^c CutFlower^c TelephonePathSystem^c SheetArtifact^c ContainerArtifact^c LollipopStick^c Pelt^c Supplies^c ElectricalConnection^c Tattoo^c WorkingSpot^c SupportingSurface^c WaterPistol^c BurialVault^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c Device^c Candlestick^c Marker^c InteriorDecoration^c ArtObject^c SemiconductorDevice^c VehiclePart^c Cuff^c Panel^c UsedArtifact^c ShapedObject^c DrinkingFountain^c Wig^c SkirtHoop^c FabricObject^c Woodwork^c Disguise^c Dreamcatcher^c DurableGood^c ConstructionObject^c ClassicThing^c ReferenceStandard^c CommunicationDevice^c BackupCopy^c VerticallySymmetricalObject^c FurPiece^c ArtifactOrganism^c PieceOfCloth^c CommunicationSystem^c Roller^c LeatherStrip^c WallBoard^c Chop-MeatCut^c SealingObject^c AnimalArtifact^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c FlatPlate^c NewArtifact^c RebuiltObject^c Flap^c Food-ReadyToEat^c Covering^c Fountain^c Recording^c Embroidery^c CollapsibleArtifact^c PartOfAnArtifactObject^c ComputerNetworkConnection^c FourFurnitureLegs^c Ramp^c Adornment^c NavigationDevice^c ModularArtifact^c Tripod^c Projectile^c InformationBearingObject^c Needlework^c LeisureFacility^c BearingObject^c Pit^c EnclosureDocument^c ObstacleSystem-Military^c OpticalDevice^c Pump^c Conveyance^c
In domain of	wasCreatedAtTheRequestOf^op wasManufacturedBy^op
In range of	manufactured^op

ArtifactObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtifactObjectType`
Description	ArtifactObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ArtifactObjects and an argument restriction for various relations on ArtifactObject types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	ModuleType^c EatingUtensilType^c HolderType^c ManufacturedGoodsType^c DeviceType^c ClothingType^c
Members	Playsuit StockProxy Canoe Mantilla SingleBed OpeningInAnArtifact Pulpit HumanOccupationConstructObject Tiara Locker CornerStone CommercialInstrument Bathtub MeasuringCup Tightrope GearTooth Jumper Panel Pendant AdvertisingDocument Cockpit KayakPaddle Device-OneTimeUse ReportDocument Drawer LiquidStorageTank Shaft Switchblade GenericDisguise HardCover GameNet PurchaseOrderDocument Crank RebuiltObject PrintedCircuit BackpackingTent Flap Urinal Bandage Centerboard ElectricAutomobile FlyswatterBlade BurialGarment BeaverDam Damper Upholstery Vial DialTelephone FishingNet FabricObject Sunshade Roadside GoalPostCrossPiece ToiletBowl Barbell Slingshot FloppyDiskDrive TableTop Canopy PotHolder WoodenCarving Dreamcatcher CargoVessel Stool WritingBoard Armchair FoodTin ChurchBuilding SpoutOpening DrugPrescription Tugboat GunTurret Bib Board FourFurnitureLegs ElectricalRelay Ramp FlowerShop Shield ToiletPaperRoll ShowerStall Paste-Up Bullpen LogBook WaterColorPainting ClassicThing Coupon Lectern Videophone GroupOfSequins ReferenceStandard MetalStrip AutoSeat WaterSki IceBucket Scaffolding DriversLicenseDocument ExposedFilmSheet CancelledMail CommunicationDevice GroundGlassLens Marquee WindInstrumentMouthpiece JigSaw Bastion Coupe DocumentaryRecord Scanner CottonBall PaperDocument WritingSurfaceProduct DocumentaryEvidence CrankShaft TelephonePathSystem Sprinkler RoadUnderpass WindowSeat ShieldDevice Mouthpiece Synthesizer Platter MetalPlate NetworkRouter Transcription Crib Bazooka Pulley ReceiptVoucher PairOfBoots FuelPoweredAutomobile HospitalWard Barricade Supplies ContactLens SunParlor TeddyBear SushiDish PlayScript-Physical Menorah Tag AwardSymbol Ferrule ToteBag Bolster IntegratedCircuit Zipper BathLinen Aquarium RotorCoil FrontDoor OfficeFurniture Stronghold PostmodernArchitecturalStyle Chair Glider PavilionTent ShowerHead Cummerbund RoadVehicleSideDoor ObstacleSystem-Military Advertisement SafetySeatBelt LifeBoat GreetingCard PleasureCraft BookPage Card LaboratoryRetort WickerBasket SetOfSlides KingSizeBed ConductorsBaton BabyBed GenericAstronomicalObservatory RollOfStuff SealingObject Slat MeasuringSpoon ProductObject Bracelet PaddleWheel PhysicalLabel Manuscript CaravanVehicle Sieve Device JewelryPin DomesticAquarium Tambourine SaltShaker China-Dinnerware DialUpConnectionToAComputerNetwork LastWillAndTestament Pull CleaningImplement SmartBoard Conveyance WorkedObject Monocular NewArtifact EarPiece Gazebo FootStool SimpleMachine CrockPot Earring Depressor RecordedVideoCassette Jar Bathrobe Ratchet Subpoena Xylophone Hassock Visa-Document Food-ReadyToEat CheckList Alcove Eyepiece Cuff Buffet Peg Screwdriver CamCorder Covering Nozzle AirplaneJoystick DisplayDial HighChair SingleUserComputer Wand WineBottle Flask JigsawPuzzle Catapult Lasso Documents Chimes Imprint Affidavit Bunker StringOfBeads PaperNapkin ComputerBoard Fieldwork WeatherBalloon Entrance Kayak ConvertibleCar PlasterBoard Diskette Shelter Clipping AwardRibbon TelevisionCamera RearViewMirror CampingVehicle Crown MessageLog VideoCassetteRecorder Sash Rivet GrandstandRoof Checkbook LabCoat Anklet FuelTank MagneticTapeCassette WhirlpoolTub ChokerNecklace PepperShaker BookRack Apse ScrewCapVial Spatula OriginalScript Shrine Theater EatingVessel WrittenCommunication Bench ArtSupplies Tripod Clipboard FaceShield EarPlug TelephoneMouthpiece Spout DurableGood StoneArtifact WrittenLog Bowl-Generic Plank HouseholdLinen PirateShip RemoteControlDevice Rack Hamper Intake Hem ToastRack WoodenBeam Napkin Toga ChampagneBottle Needlework TheTires BearingObject Exit RockingChair RestaurantTab SupportingStructure Marshmallow FurPiece Pew Sideboard RomanArchitecturalStyle ElectronicHearingAid Sombrero On-OffSwitch WoolenObject PieceOfCloth Cradle RosaryBeads Codex Tongs LeadPencil TwoElectricCircuits GrasperJaw BookCover WorkBench Cap Chapel AerialBomb RollerBearing SmokingPipe CommunicationSystem WetFabricObject PoliceRoadblock TwoElectrodes LeatherStrip Bed Drygoods Pothole WineGlass FileCabinet RatchetTooth TelevisionRemoteControl SymbolicObject SheetOfMetal ButtonHole Punt WallBoard TwoSteelBeams Griddle PairOfSandals GasolineTank CounterTop BirdFeeder ChessSet CertificateDocument Bong-Pipe Bristles ComputerCircuit Nail GasolinePump Weapon Ampule Limousine Brooch Tailgate DirectionsToaPlace LanternSlide Flatware Desk UprightSupport Hammock WrittenExam KitchenUtensil Valuable-PersonalPossession GlassBottle Carport Oscilloscope Strip SCUBA CentralProcessingUnit RadioWaveReceivingDevice FlatPlate SheetArtifact UsedArtifact Hatchway Pelt Publication WaterSupplySystem AuditReport FlatBottomedBoat DefensiveStructure Peeler Vessel-Container LollipopStick Candelabrum MainPipeline MagicWand BirdBath Overcoat Outhouse Shroud GrasperArm DoubleBed InformationRecordingDevice Oar BallisticMissileLauncher WorkTable Scroll DefenseSystem ElectricalComponent ConstructionStone SteamEngine PostCard SkirtHoop Pipeline Electrode Magazine-Physical OfficialDocument Roadway Mattress CurlingStone Necklace Corpus NewspaperPage OpticalDisk Trampoline ElectricalReactor Baton RollerCoaster RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor Toy ChampagneFlute Firework-PyrotechnicDevice Cot DigitalLetter Blotter Tapestry ArtifactObject Mirror Cooker StockCertificate Serape Hull StageProp TradeableSecurityCertificate Doghouse Robe Bedcloth Puzzle-TangibleProduct CanvasTent PersonalComputer ManufacturedGoods FlightDeck RetortVessel Candlestick Catalogue HorizontalWorkSurface MagneticDevice BrandingIron BallBearing Register SideViewMirror HotCookingVessel Outbuilding DramaScript-Physical VideoCamera ClothCovering Sofa WashCloth CandleFlameObject Hookah Lollipop SupportingConveyance Envelope PairOfSneakers Jumperoo Nameplate Underpass Dumbbell-Weight LollipopPop BuildingSiding GliderChair VideoTapeStrip Hood Letter Wigwam VehicleMirror FoodMixer StuffedAnimal MilitaryAsset SemiconductorDevice VehiclePart Blazer ContainerCap Tab Projectile BargePole LongSheet InformationBearingObject Sequin Op-EdArticle StuffedToy Bill-PaymentRequest Throne Excerpt GrippingJaw ChildrensClothing Bassinet FoldingChair Easel LeisureFacility ReceiverDevice RainGear Pouch TeaCosy Pit TomTom ShapedObject BoloTie Blackboard SeaworthyBoat CircuitBoard BankVault AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding BlackForestCake CanvasSheet Typescript Document-Physical PaperFile ProtectiveCap Wig EnclosureDocument VehicleRegistrationDocument SprayingDevice RollOfAbsorbentPaper SpongeArtifact PowerOfAttorney SleepWear Maze ServingVessel Overlap Rollerblade Woodwork WoodframeStud Goblet Disguise PlumbingSystem-Building ToyBalloon Kaleidoscope BankBuilding Truss Artifact-NonAgentive Plate HospitalBed Lapel Sedan DiskDrive ChocolateCake Whiteboard HardCandyObject Fortification Tee Pill Horseshoe CarDoor CookingUtensil Pump Basilica RollOfToiletPaper ShoeSole MusicalInstrument-Electronic Rod ClothNapkin LightedCandle ComponentPartOfArtifact LegalDocument CasseroleDish Towel CrosswordPuzzle Payroll RecordedTestimony Bangle TheaterBuilding Keel CircusTent WaterBottle Snorkel CrossBeam HospitalWardRoom Op-EdPage FoodVessel ChryslerCar DeadEnd OutdoorArtifact GameArtifact ComprehensiveExam Passport Recording AccountingRecord ArtifactOrganism Hatchback Embroidery HoeBlade WaterPistol CookingVessel CallingCard Ensemble RubberSole RearSeat MetalRod WorkingSpot PartOfAnArtifactObject ProtectiveCovering PowerTransmissionLine ThickHide Garage-Household Waiver Thong Cane PetDoor Sparkler BlackList VoyageLog ShortBristles YoYo DriverSeat AmusementParkRide Pipe ComputerHardwareComponent SolidTangibleArtifact Calligraphy-ArtObject BasketballCourt Paneling Howitzer FoodUtensil Needlepoint HouseOfPrayer FinKeel GasPipeline Tarmac Intercom BusinessCard CampChair RocketLauncher SalientBookPage NavigationDevice MortarGun Chassis Watercraft-Small Subtitle Grenade Pliers Streamer Plug IndianLodge

ArtifactOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtifactOrganism`
Description	An ''ArtifactOrganism'' is an Organism that has characteristics produced by the intentional action of some person to produce a type of Organism that differs significantly from Organisms found in nature (the 'wild types'). An ''ArtifactOrganism'' are ''Organism''s that are similar to natural Organisms, but were modified in some way to have significant characteristics that do not occur in nature. This includes genetically modified organisms that have gene combinations not found in nature (though they may occur individully in different organisms), and animal or plant breeds significantly different from the natural type produced by selective breeding, and subtypes of organisms that have special characteristics that are not inherited genetically, but are induced by treating the growing organisms in some unusual way to produce adults withspecial characteristics, such as ''Bonsai'' trees.
Super-classes	Organism^c ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Bonsai^c

ArtifactStem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtifactStem`
Description	A ''ArtifactStem'' is the vertical shaft-like part of some ''ArtfactObject'', being long and narrow, oriented vertically when in use, attched to a 'base' that gives it stability, and serving support the main functional part of an artifact, holding it in place while it serves its function. It can be hollow in cross-section like a tube, or solid, and may be close to cyindrical or of some other shape such as hexagonal or octagonal in cross-section, The top part of the ArtifactObject may be open-toped like a ''DrinkingGlass' or bowl, or be closed for special purposes. `A Prototypical ''ArtifactStem'' is a ''GlassStem'', used in ''DrinkingGlasses'' to give them an elegant appearance distinct from the flat-bottomed cylinders commonly used for soft drinks. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'stem' (this is for vertical supporting stems)in WordNet: 3. (2) shank, stem - (cylinder forming a long narrow part of something)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Shaft^c HandSizedObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c PartOfanArtifact^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value ArtifactBase^c hasOrientation^op value Vertical^c
Sub-classes	GlassStem^c

Artificial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artificial`
Description	'Artificial' is an AttributeValue of Objects (including MentalObjects) that are intentionally created by IntentionalAgents (including Animals) for a purpose rather than by the inanimate forces of nature. A 'natural language' is not Artificial, since it is not created intentionally as a whole, but by a gradual process of accumulation of parts during instances of use. NOTE that this sense is not an exact antonym of 'Natural', since it includes things produced by living beings other than humans. For the narrower sense of 'artificial' meaning created by humans, use 'ManMade' Includes sense 1 and 3 of adjective 'artificial' in WordNet: 1. (4) artificial, unreal - (contrived by art rather than nature; 'artificial flowers'; 'artificial flavoring'; 'an artificial diamond'; 'artificial fibers'; 'artificial sweeteners') 3. artificial - (not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes)
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ManMade^c

ArtificialBiosphere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialBiosphere`
Description	An ''ArtificialBiosphere'' can be created to allow experiments on phenomena, particuarly human living ability, under conditions not found on Earth, such as might occur in facilities on other planets or moons. From Wikipedia: Experimental biospheres, also called closed ecological systems, have been created to study ecosystems and the potential for supporting life outside the Earth. These include spacecraft and the following terrestrial laboratories: Biosphere 2 in Arizona, United States, 3.15 acres (13,000 m2). BIOS-1, BIOS-2 and BIOS-3 at the Institute of Biophysics in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, in what was then the Soviet Union.[33] Biosphere J (CEEF, Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities), an experiment in Japan. Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
Super-classes	ExperimentalFacility^c ControlledEnvironment^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Biosphere^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Airlock^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

ArtificialBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialBodyPart`
Description	Any Device that is designed to replace some part of the body, or some part of a natural function. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prosthesis' in WordNet: 1. prosthesis, prosthetic device - (corrective consisting of a replacement for a part of the body)`
Super-classes	Substitute^c Device^c
Restrictions	wasaSubstituteFor^op value BodyPart^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prosthetic^c
Sub-classes	Implant^c ArtificialEyeLens^c

ArtificialEyeLens^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialEyeLens`
Description	A 'Lens' that is designed to replace the natural lens that is part of an eye. This is installed during a surgical procedure that usually is motivated by cataracts in the lens that reduce visual acuity. (not a 'contact lens')
Super-classes	Lens-Artificial^c ArtificialBodyPart^c
Restrictions	wasaSubstituteFor^op value Lens-EyePart^c

ArtificialIntelligence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialIntelligence`
Description	''ArtificialIntelligence'' has numerous branches including logical computation, knowledge representation, Natural language Understanding, speech understanding, image recognition, and machine learning such as 'neural networks' and 'deep learning' and robotics, among many others. The goals include replicating the kind of 'thinking' that people do as well as replicating the actions people can perform, such as driving vehicles. The techniques used are as varied as the goals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artificial intelligence' in WordNet: 1. artificial intelligence, AI - (the branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively; 'workers in AI hope to imitate or duplicate intelligence in computers and robots')`
Super-classes	ComputerScience^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Ontology^c
Sub-classes	Robotics^c

ArtificialLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialLanguage`
Description	CYC: A collection that includes all languages created by #$Agents. Some examples are computer programming languages, constructed international languages like Esperanto and Ido, and languages of formal logic. See also #$FormalLanguage. `SUMO: The subclass of Languages that are designed by Humans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artificial language' in WordNet: 1. artificial language - (a language that is deliberately created for a specific purpose)`
Super-classes	HumanLanguage^c
Sub-classes	SignLanguage^c ComputerLanguage^c

ArtificialRespiration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialRespiration`
Description	''ArtificialRespiration'' is a subtype of ''Breathing'' that is assisted by a ''Respirator''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artificial respiration' in WordNet: 1. artificial respiration - (an emergency procedure whereby breathing is maintained artificially)`
Super-classes	Breathing^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Respirator^c

ArtificialSatellite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialSatellite`
Description	A ''PlanetarySatellite'' that is an ArtifactOject orbiting any planet. (orbiting a moon is not included here - use ''Orbiter'' for that.) `CYC ('Satellite-Device'):A man-made device intended to orbit a celestial body (for most of them, Earth). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satellite' in WordNet: 1. (4) satellite, artificial satellite, orbiter - (man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon)`
Super-classes	Spacecraft^c PlanetarySatellite^c ElectronicDevice^c
Restrictions	orbits^op some Planet-Generic^c
Sub-classes	AstronomicalSatellite^c WeatherSatellite^c SpySatellite^c CommunicationsSatellite^c

ArtificialSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialSubstance`
Description	Similar to Cyc, 'ArtificialMaterial'. But in Cyc a Substance is an object of homogeneous composition, while in COSMO it is not an Object, but a distinctive Type of its own. An ArtificialSubstance is one that does not exist in nature in the form it was created. Thus a substance made by physiological processes of life forms is not an ArtificialSubstance in that form,but a pure version of chemical coomponent of that product that exists in nature only in low concentration in mixtures would be an ArtificialSubstance. See also ProcessedNaturalSubstance for more detail about this specific issue. Cyc: A collection of substances; a subcollection of #$Artifact. An instance of #$ArtificialMaterial is a portion of artificial stuff that was intentionally made by some agent(s), such as #$Plastic or #$SweetNLow. Since #$ArtificialMaterials are intentionally produced, this class does not normally include materials which are merely #$byProducts or #$wasteProducts of an intentional process. However, what is a by-product at one time or in one context may be a useful material that would count as an instance of #$ArtificialMaterial in another. COSMO note: ArtificialSubstances are resources, since they would not be artifacts unless they were considered useful for some purpose.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c Artifact-Generic^c Resource^c
Sub-classes	SoftDrink^c WireStuff^c Lawrencium^c CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance^c GreenGroceries^c WallPaper^c BuildingMaterial^c CoveringMaterial^c Paper^c ToiletrySubstance^c FoodProduct^c PhotosensitiveSubstance^c Polyethylene^c Fabric^c PavingAsphalt^c MarshmallowStuff^c NuclearFuel^c Varnish^c Ceramic^c BrokenStone^c Polyester^c Sealant^c Einsteinium^c Coffee^c Lemonade^c GroundMeat^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c Ink^c AnimalFood^c Paint^c PhotographicFilm^c Vinyl^c Kerosene^c Macadam^c Alloy^c Adhesive^c ComputerInformationStorageMedia^c CommercialGravel^c Tarmacadam^c DryFood^c ProductSubstance^c FlooringMaterial^c WaxedPaper^c GenericInk^c Gasoline^c Americium^c DairyProduct^c Fermium^c AlcoholicBeverage^c Tar^c AluminumFoil^c StrawFabric^c Styrofoam^c SurfactantSolution^c Technetium^c Neptunium^c SyntheticSubstance^c Fuel^c Nobelium^c ElectroplatingSolution^c DieselFuel^c FiberGlass^c ArtificialSweetener^c Frosting^c FunctionalSubstance^c Padding^c Mendelevium^c NonAlcoholicBeverage^c Coke^c Gunpowder^c LiquidOralMedicine^c DomesticatedAnimalFood^c

ArtificialSweetener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtificialSweetener`
Description	Any non-natural synthetic sweetening agent.
Super-classes	Sweetener^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Saccharin^c Aspartame^c

Artificially^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artificially

Description

''Artificially'' is an adverb meaning 'by artificial means'. it contrasts with 'naturally'

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'artificially' in WordNet:
         1. (2) artificially, unnaturally, by artificial means - (not according to nature; not by natural means;
         'artificially induced conditions')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Artillery-SelfPropelled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artillery-SelfPropelled`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$FieldArtillery. Every instance of #$Artillery-SelfPropelled is a large-caliber gun mounted on a #$LandPlatform-SelfPropelled.
Super-classes	WeaponSystem^c FieldArtillery^c ArmoredVehicle^c

Artillery-Towed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artillery-Towed`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$FieldArtillery. Every instance of #$Artillery-Towed is a large-caliber gun mounted on a #$LandPlatform-Towed.
Super-classes	FieldArtillery^c WeaponSystem^c TowedWeapon^c

ArtilleryFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtilleryFire`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artillery fire' in WordNet: 1. (1) artillery fire, cannon fire - (fire delivered by artillery)`
Super-classes	Firing^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value ArtilleryPiece^c

ArtilleryMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtilleryMan`
Description	An ''ArtilleryMan'' is a ''MilitaryPerson''s who performs some action in loading or firing an ''ArtilleryPiece''. `NOTE: the WordNet 'gunner' is mostly for artillery; the 'gunner' and 'machine gunner'. components are included under ''Gunner''. Corresponds to only part of noun sense 1 of 'gunner' in WordNet: 1. (4) artilleryman, cannoneer, gunner, machine gunner - (a serviceman in the artillery)`
Super-classes	MilitaryPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ArtilleryFire^c

ArtilleryPiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtilleryPiece

Description

An ''ArtilleryPiece'' is any Large-caliber mounted ''Gun'', usually operated by a crew working together to load, aim, and fire. This can be usedby anarmyon the ground, as is ''FieldArtillery'', or for antiaircraft on any platform, or as part of a larger systems, as on a ''Tank'' or Warship.

        NOTE: the WN gloss says 'transportable' but artillery on board a warship or
           at the shore for coastal defence might not be considered 'transportable;
           these are included here, whether or not they are contemplated in WN.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artillery' in WordNet:
           1. (8) artillery, heavy weapon, gun, ordnance - (large but transportable armament)

Super-classes Gun^c
MilitaryWeapon^c

ArtilleryShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtilleryShell`
Description	CYC: The collection of projectiles which contain explosive material and are launched by artillery. An 'ArtilleryShell' is the part of a 'ProjectileShellAssembly' that is actually launched and explodes on the target - the warhead. `NOTE that since Artillery is intended for military use, an ArtilleryShell is categorized as a MilitaryAsset. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'shell' in WordNet, being only the part of the assembly that is launched from artillery, not including the casing or explosive charge: in WordNet: 1. (14) shell - (ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun)`
Super-classes	ExplosiveDevice^c BallisticProjectile^c ProjectileWeapon-Fired^c MilitaryWeapon^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value ProjectileShellAssembly^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value ExplosiveSubstance^c
Sub-classes	ShrapnelShell^c

Artisan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artisan`
Description	Any ''SkilledWorker''who produces things having some artistic value even if mostly made for utilitarian purposes. This is more specific than the parent type ''TradeWorker''. `RHW: a person skilled in an applied art; a craftsperson. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artisan' in WordNet: 1. (1) craftsman, artisan, journeyman, artificer - (a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c PersonWithOccupation^c HumanRole^c SkilledWorker^c
Sub-classes	Roofer^c

Artist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artist`
Description	Note that in COSMO an 'Artist' is anyone who creates a Picture or other visual represention, or any other creative work,including performing art actions such as dancing or acrobatics. This is not just for one who in practise does it professionally, but the parent type ''EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional'' is used to indicate that someone with this type of expertise is sufficiently skilled that the things they create or do could be professional. The more specific subtype ''ProfessionalArtist'' makes that explicit. This is a broad sense, as in CYC and Wordnet. CYC: A specialization of #$Person. Each instance of this collection is a person who produces or performs works of art. This includes performing artists (whose works are transitory unless recorded) as well as visual artists, literary writers, and composers (whose works are intended to last for a significant length of time and be viewed or otherwise appreciated after the artist finishes them). A notable specialization of this collection is #$Artist-Visual. See also #$ArtObject, #$artisticWorksCreated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artist' in WordNet: 1. (44) artist, creative person - (a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination)
Super-classes	Creator^c EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value ArtAsaProfession^c
Sub-classes	Artist-Performer^c Musician^c Poet^c VisualArtist^c Modernist^c MovieDirector^c ProfessionalArtist^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeonardoDaVinci

Artist-Performer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artist-Performer`
Description	This type represents any kind of performer, not just acting or music - e.g. comedian, acrobat dancer, magician. `CYC: A specialization of #$Artist and of #$Entertainer. Each instance of this collection is a person watched by the audience during some instance of #$EntertainmentPerformance. Note that this collection includes only individual performers and not, for instance, musical groups (for that, see #$MusicPerformanceAgent). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'performer' in Wordnet: 1. (8) performer, performing artist - (an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience)`
Super-classes	Artist^c Entertainer^c
Restrictions	isTheCreatorOf^op value Performance^c
Sub-classes	Acrobat^c MusicalPerformer^c Comedian^c Bullfighter^c Mime^c Geisha^c Cheerleader^c Puppeteer^c ActorActress^c Ringmaster^c BatonTwirler^c Magician^c

Artistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Artistic

Description

''Artistic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''ArtActivity'' or some closely related or associated aspects.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'artistic' in WordNet:
             1. (18) artistic - (relating to or characteristic of art or artists; 
             'his artistic background')
           WN adjective 'cultural':
             1. (9) cultural - (of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors;
             'cultural events'; 'a person of broad cultural interests')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ArtisticMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArtisticMovement`
Description	A ''ArtisticMovement''is a ''SocialMovement'' (GroupOfPeople) consisting of ''Artist''s who have a common interst or view toward some form of ''Art'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artistic movement' in WordNet: 1. artistic movement, art movement - (a group of artists who agree on general principles)`
Super-classes	SocialMovement^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Artist^c

Asbestos^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asbestos

Description

''Asbestos'' is a mineral that is fibrous, and was used in insulation until its toxicity became more evident.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asbestos' in WordNet:
         1. asbestos - (a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof 
            articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer)

Super-classes Mineral^c

Asbestosis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asbestosis

Description

A specialization of #$Pneumoconiosis. Asbestosis is a scarring of the lungs that leads to breathing problems and heart failure. It is caused by exposure to asbestos.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asbestosis' in WordNet:
          1. asbestosis - (lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles)

Super-classes Pneumoconiosis^c

Ascending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ascending`
Description	This sense of ''Ascending'' is for a ''MotionUpward'' that is performed intentionally by a Person to move to a location that is higher at the end than at the beginning. This can be ascending a slope (hill or mountain) or a ladder, or a staircase, or into a higher elevation in the atmosphere. The thing that ascends must perform the motion,or be a passenger in a verhicle that performs the motion. A balloon can ascend into the atmosphere. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ascend' in WordNet: 1. (3) ascend, go up - (travel up, 'We ascended the mountain'; 'go up a ladder'; 'The mountaineers slowly ascended the steep slope')`
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c MotionUpward^c
Sub-classes	ResurfacingInaBodyOfWater^c

AscendingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AscendingEvent`
Description	An event is an #$AscendingEvent if and only if its object (#$objectMoving) has a higher altitude (#$altitudeAboveSeaLevel) at the end of the event than it did at the beginning of the event. Thus, some descent may occur during the ascent so long as the net affect is to increase altitude. Climbing stairs, walking down a hill to the top of a higher hill, being lifted, and airplane taking off are exemplars of #$AscendingEvent. Technically, a standing up or bread rising are not exemplars because the #$altitudeAboveSeaLevel of these objects is not higher at the end of the ascension. (#$altitudeAboveSeaLevel is based on the distance between the bottom of the object and the mean sea level.)
Super-classes	MotionUpward^c Translation-LocationChange^c
Sub-classes	Climbing^c AircraftTakeoff^c

AscendingStairs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AscendingStairs`
Description	An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$Ambulation and #$AscendingEvent. Each instance of #$AscendingStairs is an event in which an agent climbs part or all of a #$Stairway. See also #$DescendingStairs.
Super-classes	Ambulation^c Climbing^c

Ascertaining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ascertaining`
Description	Learning something where the thing learned is specifically an intended target of an ''Inquiring'' effort. Excludes learning things incidentally without specifically inquiring. The verbs are often used in his sense with 'whether' introducing the question to be answered. NOTE: these two WN senses of 'determine and 'ascertain' are difficult to distinguish. Includes verb senses 1 and 8 of 'determine' and senses 1 and 3 of 'find out' in WordNet: 1. (117) determine, find, find out, ascertain - (establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study; 'find the product of two numbers'; 'The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize') 8. determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, watch, learn - (find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort; 'I want to see whether she speaks French'; 'See whether it works'; 'find out if he speaks Russian'; 'Check whether the train leaves on time') WN noun 'determination': 1. (16) determination, finding - (the act of determining the properties of something)
Super-classes	Finding-Generic^c Learning^c DiscoveryEvent^c Perceiving-Voluntary^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some (Inquiring^c or ActionType^c) produces^op value FoundThing^c
Sub-classes	LocatingSomething^c SequencingaBiopolymer^c

Asexual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asexual

Description

''Asexual'' characterizes Actions that do not involve sexual activities, including those of microbes and of higher organisms.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asexual' in Wordnet:
        1. asexual, nonsexual - (not having or involving sex; 'an asexual spore';
           'asexual reproduction')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AsexualReproductionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsexualReproductionEvent`
Description	In each instance of 'AsexualReproductionEvent' a whole LifeForm is created from a parent by a process of reproduction that uses geneteic material only from a single parent. This is the most common means of reproduction in single-cell organisms and viruses. `corresponds to part of sense 1 (the asexual part) of 'reproduction' in WordNet: 1. (1) reproduction - (the process of generating offspring)`
Super-classes	BiologicalReproductionEvent^c BiologicalReplication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Asexual^c
Sub-classes	YeastBudding^c

AshWednesday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AshWednesday`
Description	CYC: The collection of all Ash Wednesdays, designated in the Christian liturgical calendar as the fortieth non-Sunday before Easter. #$AshWednesday is the first day of #$Lent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ash Wednesday' in WordNet: 1. Ash Wednesday - (the 7th Wednesday before Easter; the first day of Lent; the day following Mardi Gras (`fat Tuesday'); a day of fasting and repentance)
Super-classes	ChristianHoliday^c
Restrictions	starts^op value Lent^c

AshWednesdayCross^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AshWednesdayCross`
Description	An ''AshWednesdayCross'' is a Small Cross placed on the forehead of a practicing ''CatholicPerson'' by a Priest on AshWednesday to symbolize the inevitable death of a Person and remind them to practice the faith (especially during the Lentent season) in preparation for their last judgment. It is nominally shaped as a Christian 'cross', but is often smudged so as to be unrecognizable as such.
Super-classes	ReligiousForeheadMark^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value CatholicPerson^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ashes^c hasShape^op value CrossShaped^c

Ashamed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ashamed

Description

Feeling shame because one thinks one has committed a shameful deed; The attribute of someone experiencing 'Shame'. NOTE: it is possible for someone who is in a StateOfShame (having others know of one's shameful deed) without feeling 'Shame'. The AttributeValue of somneone who is publicly shamed is 'Shamed'.

 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ashamed' in WordNet:
   1. (5) ashamed - - (feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse; 
     'are you ashamed for having lied?'; 'felt ashamed of my torn coat')

Super-classes Unhappy^c
PersonAttributeValue^c

Ashes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ashes`
Description	The solid residue of combustion of some object. It is mostly inorganic, but may have some organic material remaining in it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ash' in WordNet: 1. (2) ash - (the residue that remains when something is burned)`
Super-classes	Residue^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Combustion^c
Sub-classes	TobaccoAsh^c

Ashore^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ashore

Description

''Ashore'' is a RelativeLocation meaning that something located there is on a ''LandArea'' as contrasted with being on a large ''BodyOfWater'' (see''AtSea''). It is possible that being on a small lake in a boat would be considered ''Ashore'' to someone on the ocean, but this usually means being on dry land.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ashore' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) ashore, on land, toward land, onto land - (towards the shore from the water;
            'we invited them ashore')

Super-classes OutdoorObject^c
Ground^c

Ashtray^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ashtray

Description

CYC: The collection of devices that people use to ash in when smoking a #$Cigarette or a #$Cigar. This collection does NOT include things like beer bottles and soda cans which are often used as ashtrays. This constant only represents those things which are designed to function as ashtrays.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ashtray' in WordNet:
            1. ashtray - (a receptacle for the ash from smokers' cigars or cigarettes)

Super-classes ContainerArtifact^c
NonPoweredDevice^c

Asian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asian

Description

''Asian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Asia''. This is usually written with a capital 'A'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Asian' in WordNet:
       1. Asian, Asiatic - (of or relating to or characteristic of Asia 
       or the peoples of Asia or their languages or culture; 'Asian countries')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AsianCountry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsianCountry`
Description	A ''AsianCountry'' is a Country (a GeopoliticalEntity) that is located in ''Asia''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Asian country' in WordNet: 1. Asian country, Asian nation - (nations occupying the Asian continent)`
Super-classes	Country^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tibet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#China http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pakistan

AsianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsianPerson`
Description	Any Person who lives in, was born in, is a citizen of, or has an ancestry derived mostly from dwellers of Asia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Asian' in WordNet: 1. Asian, Asiatic - (a native or inhabitant of Asia)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Sub-classes	Kurd^c VietnamesePerson^c

AskPryingly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AskPryingly`
Description	To ''AskPryingly'' is to ask one or more questions to a Person about some topic that is typically considered private and improper to inquire about. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pry' in WordNet: 2. (2) pry - (be nosey; 'Don't pry into my personal matters!')`
Super-classes	PryingAction^c Asking^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PersonalInformation^c

Asking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asking`
Description	Inquiring by communicating a desire for information to some IntelligentAgent. Searching a text is not an 'Asking' - this type is specifically for questions posed to other IntelligentAgents. Posing a query to the Internet is not an 'Asking' unless it is directed at a language-understanding automaton. This type necessarily includes some kind of Question, but the actual question need not be specified for each mention of an 'Asking' Event. However, at least the Topic should be mentioned; thus the restriction. NOTE: to 'ask for' something is a Request, which is not a subtype of Asking. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'ask', sense 1 of 'inquire', and sense 2 of 'inquiry' and verb sense 5 of 'question', and part of nouns sense 1 of 'question' in WordNet - sense 3 of 'ask' is ditransitive, often with the word 'question' as its object, but often with a specific question included as the object, and sometimes with the indirect object left out because it is understood: 'he asked her if she owned a dog'; 'Jack asked whether there was any cheese in the refrigerator'. Verb sense 5 of 'question' can take the form: 'Jack questioned me about my trip'; 'Mary questioned whether there was enough money left.'. Similar uses of 'question' can be used to mean 'expressed doubts about', but that sense is not included here. These senses (sincere question versus rhetorical question or outright expression of skepticism) may be hard to disambiguate in text without background knowledge about the questioner, or prior discourse in WordNet: 1. (654) ask, inquire, enquire - (inquire about; 'I asked about their special today'; 'He had to ask directions several times') 3. (86) ask - (direct or put; seek an answer to; 'ask a question') WN 'inquiry' 2. (3) question, inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation - (an instance of questioning; 'there was a question about my training'; 'we made inquiries of all those who were present') WN 'question' (verb) 3. (5) question, query - (pose a question) WN 'question' (noun) 1. (81) question, inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation - (an instance of questioning; 'there was a question about my training'; 'we made inquiries of all those who were present')
Super-classes	Inquiring^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c produced^op value Question^c
Sub-classes	Interviewing^c Consulting^c Examining^c JobInterview^c AskPryingly^c Interrogating^c

AskingPrice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AskingPrice

Description

Each 'AskingPrice' is a Price that is asked for an item by the seller of that item, for items offered for sale. This can be a 'list price' in a catalog, the price label on a retail object, the price shown on the shelf in a grocery store, the price shown oon a gasoline pump; the asking price of a security or commodity on a public exchange, the price quoted by a street merchant, or any other price asked by a seller. A price in an advertisement is almost always an AskingPrice. The AskingPrice is not necessarily the price at which an item actually sells. In many retail stores prices are fixed, and the asking prices are the same as the sale prices. In small owner-operated shops, discounts from the asking price are more common. In general, unless there is some reason for uncertainty, mention of a 'price' for an object for sale should be intgerpreted as the AskingPrice. Used in phrases such as 'The price he quoted is too high' 'the price of gasoline went up by 10 cents a gallon in the past week'.

  The meaning of noun sense 1 and 2 of 'price' in WordNet appear to conflate some distinguishable
     concepts, so this appears to correlate to parts of those senses:
  in WordNet:
    1. (580) price, terms, damage - (the amount of money needed to purchase something;
       'the price of gasoline'; 'he got his new car on excellent terms';
       'how much is the damage?')
    2. (85) monetary value, price, cost - (the property of having material worth 
        (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold);
        'the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver'; 'he puts a high price
        on his services'; 'he couldn't calculate the cost of the collection')

Super-classes Price^c

Asleep^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asleep

Description

An attribute that specifies that an animal is sleeping, which implies that the animal is conscious (unconscious is considered here as qualitatively different from sleeping), - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time.

WordNet does not have 'sleeping' in this sense.

Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asleep' in WordNet:
  1. (9) asleep - - (in a state of sleep; 'were all asleep when the phone rang';
     'fell asleep at the wheel')

Super-classes Conscious^c

Asocial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asocial`
Description	''Asocial'' is an Attribute of people who tend to avoid soializing, thiugh they may interact with people in the course of performing daily activities. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asocial' in Wordnet: 1. asocial - (given to avoiding association with others; 'bears are asocial secretive animals'; 'are you asocial or do you just enjoy living in the Antarctic?') WN adj 'antisocial': 1. antisocial - (shunning contact with others; 'standoffish and antisocial'; 'he's not antisocial; just shy')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Inhospitable^c

Asparagine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asparagine

Description

CYC: A collection of compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. These compounds are essential for protein synthesis. Its abbreviations are Asn and N.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asparagine' in WordNet:
          1. asparagine - (a crystalline amino acid found in proteins 
             and in many plants (e.g., asparagus))

Super-classes AminoAcid^c

AsparagusPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsparagusPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asparagus' in WordNet: 1. asparagus, edible asparagus, Asparagus officinales - (plant whose succulent young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c

AsparagusSpear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsparagusSpear`
Description	`Online: " Asparagus spears are the succulent, tender new shoots cut from the plant before the foliage unfurls. They have a high rate of respiration and a short shelf life. " Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'asparagus' in WordNet: 2. asparagus - (edible young shoots of the asparagus plant)`
Super-classes	VegetableFoodObject^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value AsparagusPlant^c hasColor^op value GreenColor^c

Aspartame^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aspartame

Description

CYC: Aspartame, a sweetening agent used in soft drinks and other prepared foods.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aspartame' in WordNet:
          1. aspartame - (an artificial sweetener made from aspartic acid; used as a calorie-free sweetener)

Super-classes ArtificialSweetener^c

AsparticAcid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsparticAcid

Description

CYC: A collection of compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. This #$NonessentialAminoAcidType is also an excitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Its abbreviations are Asp and D.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aspartic acid' in WordNet:
          1. aspartic acid - (a crystalline amino acid found in proteins 
              and occurring naturally in sugar beets and sugar cane)

Super-classes AminoAcid^c

Aspect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aspect`
Description	An ''Aspect'' is a ''Feature'' of something - Object or Event - that is perceived by looking (visually or mentally) at that Object or Event from some Viewpoint, so as to discern the properties of that Object or Event with respect to some purpose. An ''Aspect'' may be a Good point or a bad point, from that ''PointOfView'', which may consider any human motivation, utility or attractiveness or any other Quality. . Includes noun sense 2 of 'aspect' nd sense 2 of 'dimension' in WordNet: 2. (19) aspect - (a characteristic to be considered) WN noun 'dimension': 2.(5) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property')
Super-classes	Feature^c PersistentState^c AttributeType^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Distinctive^c isProducedByEventType^op value PointOfView^c

AspectOfaProblem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AspectOfaProblem`
Description	An ''AspectOfaProblem'' is a ''Feature'' (a subevent) of a Situation under consideration, especially a ProblemSituation (or a proposal to deal with the problem) that should be considered in deciding what to do about the problem. NOTE: WN has this 'consideration' as a subtype of ''Information'' but that classification would make it inconsistent with a ''PersistentState''. The aspects of a situation are represented here as ''PersistentState''s in the senses that it represents states such as 'x has this property' or 'action a could cause effect b' or 'effect c is undesirable', each of which can represent some situation that may be relevant. There may be a way to include some form of 'information' or 'assertion' in this concept. @ToDo: needs more thought. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'aspect' and sense 2 of 'consideration' in WordNet: 1. (24) aspect, facet - (a distinct feature or element in a problem; 'he studied every facet of the question') 2. (19) aspect - (a characteristic to be considered) WN noun 'consideration': 2. (11) circumstance, condition, consideration - (information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; 'another consideration is the time it would take')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Feature^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some ProblemSituation^c
Sub-classes	Downside^c Consideration^c

Asphalt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asphalt

Description

      Wikipedia:
        Asphalt, also known as bitumen (UK:, US:), is a sticky, black, highly viscous liquid 
          or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be 
          a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. Before the 20th century, 
          the term asphaltum was also used. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek
          asphaltos. The largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world, estimated 
          to contain 10 million tons, is the Pitch Lake located in La Brea in southwest Trinidad,
          within the Siparia Regional Corporation.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'asphalt' in WordNet:
        2. asphalt, mineral pitch - (a dark bituminous substance 
           found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation;
           consists mainly of hydrocarbons)

Super-classes OrganicSubstance^c
SolidSubstance^c
NaturalResourceSubstance^c
Mixture^c

Asphyxiation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asphyxiation`
Description	''Asphyxiation'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' of air-breathing animals that represents the state of having oxygen levels in the blood or ther body fluids too low to support life. Continuation of this condition for some peeriod of time (varying with the animal and other circumstances liketemperature) will lead to Death. `CYC: Ailment characterized by deficiency of oxygen. If acute asphyxiation continues more than a few minutes for most animals, they will die. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asphyxiation' in WordNet: 1. suffocation, asphyxiation - (the condition of being deprived of oxygen (as by having breathing stopped); 'asphyxiation is sometimes used as a form of torture')`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c LackingSomething^c LifeThreateningCondition^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Anoxia^c agentLacks^op value Oxygen^c

Aspiration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aspiration`
Description	An ''Aspiration'' is a 'Wish'' that envisions some FutureSituation - usually in the distant future, at least year away - that the agent doing the dreaming believes would produce some form of satisfaction or happiness. for her/himself. Usually there is one dominant 'dream' that a person will cite. `@ToDo: Interesting: 'ambition' can also be in (Wordnet) a 'trait' or (in COSMO) a ''Feeling'' - consider the relations. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dream' in WordNet: 2. (8) ambition, aspiration, dream - (a cherished desire; 'his ambition is to own his own business')`
Super-classes	Wish^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op some DreamComeTrue^c

Aspirin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aspirin

Description

Combined Role (Analgesic) and Chemical substance type.

     RHW: 1. Pharm. a white, crystalline substance, C9H8O4, 
        derivative of salicylic acid, used as an anti-inflammatory agent 
        and to relieve the pain of headache, rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, etc.;
        acetylsalicylic acid.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aspirin' in WordNet:
         1. (1) aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, Bayer, Empirin, St. Joseph - 
            (the acetylated derivative of salicylic acid; used as an analgesic 
            anti-inflammatory drug (trade names Bayer and Empirin) usually taken 
            in tablet form; used as an antipyretic; slows clotting of the blood 
            by poisoning platelets)

Super-classes NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory^c
OrganicAcid^c
Analgesic^c

Aspiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aspiring`
Description	''Aspiring'' is a form of ''Intending'' where the thing intended is a challenging or ambitious goal - a ''DreamComeTrue''. This is performed by a ''Wannabe'' or a 'dreamer', or anyone with ambitions or desires to do or be something. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'aspire' in WordNet: 1. (2) draw a bead on, aspire, aim, shoot for - (have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal) WN noun 'aspiration': 1. (2) aspiration - (a will to succeed)`
Super-classes	PlanningEvent^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some DreamComeTrue^c

Ass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ass`
Description	`RHW: 1. a long-eared, slow, patient, sure-footed domesticated mammal, Equus asinus, related to the horse, used chiefly as a beast of burden. in WordNet: 3. ass - (hardy and sure-footed animal smaller and with longer ears than the horse)`
Super-classes	EquineAnimal^c HoofedMammal^c
Sub-classes	Donkey^c

Assailant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assailant`
Description	An ''Assailant'' is a ''Wrongdoer'' who has physically attacked another person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assailant' in WordNet: 1. attacker, aggressor, assailant, assaulter - (someone who attacks)`
Super-classes	BadGuy^c Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Assault^c
Sub-classes	Brute^c

Assassin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assassin`
Description	A ''Person'' who has performed the Crime of ''Murder'' - not just Homicide, but criminal unjustified Murder. NOTE: 'bravo' is a subtype, more specific in RHW. Some overlap with ''ContractKiller''? RHW 'bravo': 3. a daring bandit, assassin, or murderer, esp. one hired to steal or murder for another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assassin' in WordNet: 1. (6) assassin, assassinator, bravo - (a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a treacherous surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed; 'his assassins were hunted down like animals'; 'assassinators of kings and emperors')
Super-classes	Murderer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Assassination^c

Assassination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assassination`
Description	Assassination is a type of murder in which the victim is a politically prominent person - an elected or appointed government official, and instance of 'PublicOfficial' in COSMO (most government employees with no administrative responsibility are not PublicOfficials, though Judges are). This sense of 'Murder' is used only for goverment officials. Intuitively, killing of a politician by a deranged relative for personal reasons should not be an instance of 'assassination' - the motive should be political. But motive can be difficult to determine from simple accounts of a murder, so this type will be for any form of killing of a government official. NOTE that murder of other prominent persons, if they are not government officials, is not an instance of this type, but of its parent type 'MurderOfaProminentPerson'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'assassination' in RHW: 1. to kill suddenly or secretively, esp. a politically prominent person; murder premeditatedly and treacherously. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'assassination' and verb sense 1 of 'assassinate' in WordNet; however, in COSMO any murder of a government official qualifies, whether it is a 'surprise' attack or other, such as a poisoning. WN noun 'assassination' in WordNet: 2. assassination - (murder of a public figure by surprise attack) WN verb 'assassinate' 1. assassinate - (murder; especially of socially prominent persons; 'Anwar Sadat was assassinated because many people did not like his peace politics with Israel')
Super-classes	Killing^c MurderOfaProminentPerson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Assassin^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MurderOfJFK

Assault^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assault`
Description	An ''Assault'' is an attempt to use force or threat to use force against a Person. This includes the technical legal definition. If a Person is actually touched or harmed, it would be a 'battery' . This sense of 'assault' includes a technical 'battery. This is a subtype of 'HarmingAnAgent', considering that even a threat to harm someone is itself harmful (which is why it's a crime). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'assault' in WordNet: 2. (1) assault - (a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who appears to be able to cause bodily harm if not stopped) WN verb 'assault': 1. (7) assail, assault, set on, attack - (attack someone physically or emotionally; 'The mugger assaulted the woman'; 'Nightmares assailed him regularly')`
Super-classes	Crime^c PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c AttackOnObject^c HostileSocialAction^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Rape^c

AssemblageOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssemblageOfPeople`
Description	An ''AssemblageOfPeople'' is any GroupOfPeople gathered together in one place, for any reason or by chance, not necessarily coordinated. Being a ''Bunch'' means having at least three members. `NOTE: WN mixes in some places the GroupOfPeople gathering together and the act of gathering together. This is a ''GroupOfPeople'''. The act of assembling is a ''PublicAssembly'' or its parent ''FormalMeeting'' or ''"SocialGathering''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assemblage' in WordNet: 1. (2) gathering, assemblage - (a group of persons together in one place)`
Super-classes	Cluster^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c) isProducedByEventType^op value SocialGathering^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentalCommune^c Assembly^c ClassroomAttendees^c Throng^c CrowdOfPeople^c Turnout^c Classmates^c

Assembled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assembled`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'assembled' in Wordnet: 2. assembled, built, made-up - (formed by fitting or joining components together)`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c PastParticiple^c

Assembling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assembling`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Assembling event, physical objects are combined by fastening them together in some way to produce a new object. This differs from ''Collecting'' in that the thing created in a collection is not physically linked together into one object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assemble' in WordNet: 1. (15) assemble, piece, put together, set up, tack, tack together - (create by putting components or members together; 'She pieced a quilt'; 'He tacked together some verses'; 'They set up a committee')`
Super-classes	ComingTogether^c BuildingSomething^c Attaching^c
Sub-classes	Weaving^c Rallying^c Binding^c Crocheting^c MakingSomethingBySewing^c Fabrication^c Sewing^c MountingAnObjectToaSupport^c Knitting^c ConfiguringEvent^c PiecingTogether^c

Assembly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assembly`
Description	An ''Assembly'' is an ''AssemblageOfPeople'' that are intentionally gathered together for a purpose. A school auditorum 'assembly' is only one common example. A crowd of demonstrators would be another. This differs from ''CrowdOfPeople'' in that a ''Crowd'' is outdoors, and an ''Assembly'' is for peaceful purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'assembly' in WordNet: 4. assembly - (a group of persons gathered together for a common purpose)`
Super-classes	AssemblageOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	Rally^c

AssemblyOfMachineParts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssemblyOfMachineParts`
Description	A ''AssemblyOfMachineParts'' is a Group of ''MechanicalComponent''s that can be fitted together to form a ''MechanicalDevice''. This is a representation of all the parts of a dissassembled machine. But can also be used if necessary as a representation of an assembled machine as the sum of its parts. That would be problematic, as the interactions of the parts are lost in this representation. @mod43 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assembly' in WordNet: 1. (3) assembly - (a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit)
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c MechanicalDevice^c
Sub-classes	Ratchet^c

AssemblyOfParts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssemblyOfParts`
Description	An ''AssemblyOfParts'' is a ''Device'' assembled from ''ArtifactObject''s that have been connected together to form a larger functional ''Device''. `This differs from an ''AssemblyOfMachineParts'' in that this type represents the whole functioning assembled Device, which loses its function if dissassembled. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'assembly' in WordNet: 1. (3) assembly - (a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op min 2

Asserted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asserted`
Description	This sense of ''Asserted'' characterizes the content of a ''Communication'' which states that something is True. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asserted' in Wordnet: 1. asserted - (confidently declared to be so; 'the asserted value of the painting')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Understated^c

AssertingAnIdentity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssertingAnIdentity`
Description	'AssertingAnIdentity' is an AssertingEvent in which an agent states orally that a certain individual (object, person) is identical to some previously known individual; this Action presupposes a prior act of 'Identifying'. This is the sense in which a witness to some action asserts that s/he knows that the person who performed the action is the same as some person s/he is looking at, or the same as a person they have had previous acquaintance with. Similarly, a person may assert the idenity of some inanimate object (such as saying 'yes, that is the bracelet I lost') . For the more general sense of recognition, by any sense, use 'Identifying'. This is more specialized than 'Identifying', which can be a case of classifying into come category or identifying an indvidual `Includes sense 6 and part of sense 2 of 'identify' in WordNet: 1. (33) identify, place - (recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something; 'She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster') 6. (2) identify - (consider to be equal or the same; 'He identified his brother as one of the fugitives')`
Super-classes	AssertingOrally^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObserved^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)

AssertingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssertingEvent`
Description	An AssertingEvent is a linguistic Communication in which an Agent creates a communication whose content is predominantly one or more LinguisticAssertions (LinguisticAssertion is an abstract MentalObject, an abstract representation of a Proposition). The language could be contructed, as a computer language. The subtype ''AssertingOrally'' has much the same meaning, but in a narrower context. This is a general type that includes verbs that may or may not include an implied preposition (to whom to assert - the indirect object): 'tell' ('tell your son') includes the 'to' but 'say' does not. 'Assert' is nonspecific as to whether a particular audience is addressed (it might be in a written document). All such meanings are included here; the language analyser will need to distinguish them in contect. See also subtypes 'Instructing' and 'Ordering'. This includes part of verb 'assert' in WordNet (but not necessarily 'categorically') and verb sense 1 of 'state' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'tell': in WordNet: WN verb 'assert': 1. (22) assert, asseverate, maintain - (state categorically) WN verb 'state': 1. (75) state, say, tell - (express in words; 'He said that he wanted to marry her'; 'tell me what is bothering you'; 'state your opinion'; 'state your name') WN verb tell: 2. (190) tell - (let something be known; 'tell them that you will be late')
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (LinguisticAssertion^c or Assertion^c)
Sub-classes	AttributingQualities^c AttributingaCause^c StatingSomething^c Disbelieving^c Commenting^c Mentioning^c ImpartingKnowledge^c Informing^c Offering^c Instructing^c EvadingAnIssue^c Agreeing^c ImplantingIdeas^c Enlightening^c InstillingThoughts^c AssertingOrally^c ArguingInFavorOfSomething^c Affirming^c Implying^c Claiming^c Acquainting^c CharacterizingSomething^c Declaring^c Refusing^c Advising^c AttributingSomethingToSomebody^c DirectAnswer^c ArguingAgainstSomething^c DisagreementEvent^c Denying^c CommunicatingInWriting^c Nominating^c Feedback^c Countering^c

AssertingOrally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssertingOrally`
Description	Any instance of Speaking in which a LinguisticAssertion (as contrasted with a question or exclamation) is produced. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (for oral statements) of 'say', part of sense 1 of 'state' and part of senses 1,2, and 3 of 'tell' in WordNet: 1. (2593) state, say, tell - - (express in words; 'He said that he wanted to marry her'; 'tell me what is bothering you'; 'state your opinion'; 'state your name') WN verb 'tell': 2. (190) tell - (let something be known; 'Tell them that you will be late') 3. (75) tell, narrate, recount, recite - (narrate or give a detailed account of; 'Tell what happened'; 'The father told a story to his child')
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c Speaking^c StatingSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op some LinguisticAssertion^c
Sub-classes	RevealingaFact^c StatingaWish^c AssertingAnIdentity^c ChangingaTopic^c RelatingAnEvent^c

Assertion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assertion`
Description	An assertion is a Proposition that is expressed in one logical sentence, which can be a complex sentence formed by an 'and' (a conjunction) or by an 'or' (disjunction'), or any combination of those. It stands by itself as being evaluable as true or false. It cannot have variables in it. Factual assertions in a knowledge base will be instances of this Type. NOTE that a LinguisticAssertion is an AbstractRepresentation, but a 'LogicalSentence' is an AbstractRepresentation (of information) also. The difference is, Information-Content in this ontology must have some logical representation. NOTE that this Type represents the abstract content of an Assertion, not the symbolic representation. The symbolic representation of an Assertion, in a human language or logical language, is an instance of 'LinguisticAssertion'. For rules in the form if-condition-then-condition, use 'Axiom'. An 'Assertion' that has no evidence should also be classified as a 'Hypothesis'. @ToDo: as of Rev1357 the way to properly represent unsubstantiated assertions has not been determined. The relation between the substantiating evidence and the assertion?? ~~~~~~ Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'assertion' in WordNet, but that sense is closer to ''LinguisticAssertion''; WN has no specifically logical meaning: 1. (2) assertion, averment, asseveration - (a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary))
Super-classes	Proposition^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op only (LinguisticAssertion^c or Proposition^c or AbstractText^c or Phrase^c or InformationType^c or ObjectType^c) enablesOrAssists^op value Communication^c
Sub-classes	Observation^c CategoryError^c Equation^c SummaryText^c Detail^c Acknowledgment^c RelationInstance^c Threat^c Falsehood^c Conclusion^c ConceptLinkage^c InferredAssertion^c Argument^c Paradox^c LinguisticAssertion^c SimpleMindedAssertion^c Misinformation^c UnclearAssertion^c Premises^c Challenge^c Excuse^c Summary^c InsightfulAssertion^c
In domain of	canBeVerifiedBy^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GodMayOrMayNotExist http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThereIsOnlyOneGod http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThereAreManyGods http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePopeIsNotGodsRepresentative http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AllReligionsAreWorthy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MartinLutherWasRight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeShouldBeSimple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GodDoesNotExist http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AncestorsShouldBeWorshiped http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalObjectsHaveSouls http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JainsShouldFollowTheTeachingsOfTheTirthankaras http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiritsSurviveDeath http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgreementToAdhereToConditions http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JesusChristIsGod http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManagementByPresbytersIsBest http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfKnowledgeIsGood http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuddhaIsTheTeacher http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePopeIsGodsRepresentative http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MohammedIsGodsProphet

AssertionConfidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssertionConfidence`
Description	AssertionConfidence is an AttributeType that applies to assertions, and expresses a quantitative measuer of belief by the person making the assertion that the assertion is true.
Super-classes	AttributeType^c

AssertionGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssertionGroup`
Description	An ''AssertionGroup'' is a Group consisting of Assertions (linguistic or abstract)
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (Assertion^c or LinguisticAssertion^c or LogicalAssertion^c)

AssertionalAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssertionalAttribute`
Description	An AssertionalAttribute is an AttributeType that points to an Assertion or a Question. The value of Attributes of this type will be in the form 'true' or 'false' for assertions, and 'yes' or 'no' for questions.
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	CaptivityAttribute^c CredibilityAttribute^c

Assertive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assertive`
Description	Being ''Assertive'' inclines a person to make bold statements with confidence that they are correct. Such statements are not necessarily ''Impudent'' and offensive. In addition to characterizing a Person, this attribute value can be used to characterize statements made by such a Person, For 'forceful' meaning exerting physical force, use ''Forceful''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'assertive' and senses 1 ad 2 of 'forceful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) assertive - (inclined to bold and confident assertion; aggressively self-assured; 'an energetic assertive boy who was always ready to argue'; 'pointing directly at a listener is an assertive act') WN adj 'forceful': 1. (2) forceful - (characterized by or full of force or strength (often but not necessarily physical); 'a forceful speaker'; 'a forceful personality'; 'forceful measures'; 'a forceful plan for peace') 2. emphatic, forceful - (forceful and definite in expression or action; 'the document contained a particularly emphatic guarantee of religious liberty')
Super-classes	Confident^c
Sub-classes	Boastful^c Finicky^c Demanding^c Stringent^c Declarative^c

Assertiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assertiveness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assertiveness' in WordNet: 1. (1) assertiveness, self-assertiveness - (aggressive self-assurance; given to making bold assertions)`
Super-classes	SelfConfidence^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Assertive^c
Sub-classes	Cockiness^c

AssessingTheValueOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssessingTheValueOfSomething`
Description	'AssessingTheValueOfSomething' is a specialization of 'Evaluating' in which some agent tries to determine, by any means, what value some thing has; the thing can be of any type. A thing may have more than one kind of Value, the most easily recognized being MonetaryValue. CYC 'Appraising': This is the collection of #$Events in which someone (usually an #$Appraiser) estimates the amount that would be paid for a certain object either (a) if it were sold in either a retail or a wholesale context, (b) if a new one had to be bought to replace it, or (c) if one in the same condition had to be bought to replace it. For relating a #$Product to its appraised value, use #$appraisedValue. NOTE: This is a subtype of ''Observing'', assuming that the one doing the''Observing'' must be able to view the thing being assessed, directly or indirectly. Some WN senses include 'rating' probabilities, but that probably ;-) should be put in a separate type. Includes senses 1 and 4 and part of sense 5 of 'value' in WordNet: 1. (2) value - (fix or determine the value of; assign a value to; 'value the jewelry and art work in the estate') 4. measure, evaluate, valuate, assess, appraise, value - (place a value on; judge the worth of something; 'I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional') 5. rate, value - (estimate the value of; 'How would you rate his chances to become President?'; 'Gold was rated highly among the Romans') WN noun 'assessment'': 1. (4) appraisal, assessment - (the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth)
Super-classes	Observing^c Evaluating^c BusinessEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Appraisal^c hadObjectObserved^op some Object^c
Sub-classes	GradingScoolWork^c

Asset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asset`
Description	An Asset is a Resource that has a net positive value. The value does not have to be monetary, but should be sufficiently concrete to leave little doubt that the person who owns the Asset actually wants to own it, and does not simply accept its ownership as an obligation. Anything that can be readily sold for money is an Asset. In the context of performing a task, any Resource that is available for use and can help to accomplish that task is an Asset. Therefore Asset, like its parent Type 'Resource' is a Role and an individual entity can be an Asset in one situation and a liability in another. `Note that a military 'asset' is classified as 'MilitaryAsset' directly under 'Resource'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asset' in WordNet: 1. (1) asset, plus - (a useful or valuable quality)`
Super-classes	Resource^c Property^c
Sub-classes	LiquidAsset^c Inheritance^c Investment^c Riches^c FinancialAsset^c
In domain of	hasRemainingSupply^op

AssetType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssetType`
Description	'AssetType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'ObjectType'; it can serve as type for things that have financial value.
Super-classes	ValuableThingType^c ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	FinancialAssetType^c
Members	SecurityInterest FinancialPortfolio VestedInterest ControllingInterest BusinessGoodWill Lien MortgageInterest Equity FinancialInterest Asset Surety

AssetValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssetValue`
Description	''AssetValue'' is a type of ''MonetaryValue'' that specifies what quantity of money a specific asset would bring if it were sold, at some specific time.
Super-classes	MonetaryValue^c
Restrictions	atTime^op some (DateTimeExtendedGroup^c or TimeInterval^c)

Assiduous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assiduous

Description

This ''Assiduous''characterizes a Person or hisher efforts that are both ''Assiduous'' and ''Persistent''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'assiduous' in Wordnet:
       1. assiduous, sedulous - (marked by care and persistent effort;
          'her assiduous attempts to learn French'; 'assiduous research'; 
          'sedulous pursuit of legal and moral principles')

Super-classes Persistent^c
Painstaking^c

Assiduously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assiduously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'assiduously' in Wordnet: 1. assiduously - (with care and persistence; 'she worked assiduously on the senior thesis')`
Super-classes	Persistently^c Painstakingly^c

Assigned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assigned`
Description	''Assigned'' is the attribute of a Person who was selected to perform some task in an ''AssigningaResponsibility'' Action, and of the task that was assigned. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'assigned' in WordNet: 1. (1) assigned - (appointed to a post or duty; 'assigned personnel'; 'assigned duties')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Appointed^c
Sub-classes	Designated^c

AssignedPost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssignedPost`
Description	Each 'AssignedPost' is a 'DesignatedPosition' (a location) where a person is expected to be located, while performing some task. The AssignedPost is often for some form of guard duty, but this term can also be used for people who are in specific locations inorder to provide information or assistance. A receptionist's desk would be his/her AssignedPost. This can be used not only for a single small area, but for the larger location consisting of the set of all locations where a guard is expected to be at some time while conducting rounds during watch duty - the entire route of a watchman's rounds; in that case, to 'not be at his post' would mean that the watchman is at no point in that set of locations. `This corresponds approximately to sense 2 of 'post(2)' in RHW: 2. the station or rounds of a person on duty, as a soldier, sentry or nurse. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'post'in WordNet, but this type is broader than the Wn sense - it does not have to be guard duty, and the person on duty need not stand. in WordNet: 1. (3) post, station - (the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand; 'a soldier manned the entrance post'; 'a sentry station')`
Super-classes	DesignatedPosition^c
Sub-classes	Outstation^c

AssignedTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssignedTask`
Description	'AssignedTask'' is a ''HighPriorityTask'' that is obliged by an ''Assigment'' (''Obligation''). `NOTE: in WN sense 1 of 'assignment' is also work,but has been reinterpreted as an Obligation for COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'assignment' in WordNet: 5. assignment - (an undertaking that you have been assigned to do (as by an instructor))`
Super-classes	HighPriorityTask^c
Restrictions	mayBeObligedBy^op some (Assignment^c or ObligationType^c)

AssigningAgentToRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssigningAgentToRole`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc this was a subtype of 'Ordering', but a role assignment may in fact be the result of a request by the person performing the role, and have no flavor of compulsion. `Cyc: Every instance of #$AssigningAgentToRole involves the placement of an #$Agent in a particular #$Situation, #$Role or #$Place, or some combination of the three. Some examples include placing someone in a drug rehab program, placing a child in a particular class, and placing an employee in a new location. AssigningaResponsibility`
Super-classes	AssigningaResponsibility^c Requesting^c AssigningEvent^c
Sub-classes	PromotingSomeone^c AppointingEvent^c

AssigningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssigningEvent`
Description	An AssigningEvent is a general type for any Action in which some name, value, purpose, or abstract property (such as a title or position or task or role more general concept) is assigned to a thing, which may be abstract or concrete, animate or inanimate.
Super-classes	Providing^c
Sub-classes	Categorizing^c AssigningaResponsibility^c Naming^c CreatingSubgroups^c AssigningAgentToRole^c Earmarking^c

AssigningResponsibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssigningResponsibility`
Description	Each AssigningResponsibility is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts that some Agent (which could be the agent speaking) is responsible (in some sense) for something. `Other ways to express this notion: AttributingCreditOrBlame`
Super-classes	AttributingSomethingToSomebody^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some ResponsibilitySituation^c
Sub-classes	Blaming^c GivingCredit^c

AssigningaResponsibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssigningaResponsibility`
Description	Each 'AssigningaResponsibility' is a #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SocialOccurrence, performed by some IntelligentAgent, in which one agent tells another agent that the second agent now has the responsibility to perform one or more Actions. The object of an 'AssigningaResponsibility' must be an IntelligentAgent capable of understanding LinguisticCommunication. This Action can be as formal as an act of HiringSomeoneToDoSomething, or as informal as a parent telling a child to clean up her room. Because it is an 'ObligationCreatingEvent', the agent doing the assigning must have some degree of authority over the person gaining the responsibility; The authority can be temporary and informal, as in a group where the group agrees to have one of the members delegate the subtasks in performing an operation. However, this type is only used for direct assignment of responsbility to individuals, not for creating rules to be obeyed by groups, as in the passing of a law. In Cyc called 'AssigningATask': Cyc: A specialization of Ordering-CommunicationAct. Instances of this collection are events in which a particular task (#$AssignedTaskType) are assigned to a particular agent. NOTE: the Action of assigning someone with a working task is represented by the subtype ''ChargingSomeoneWithaTask''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of verb sense 4 of 'assign' and part of verb sense 2 of 'move' (the movement of responsibility) in WordNet: WN 'assign' 1. (15) delegate, designate, depute, assign - (give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)) 4. (7) assign, specify, set apart - (select something or someone for a specific purpose; 'The teacher assigned him to lead his classmates in the exercise') WN 'move' 2. (60) move, displace - (cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; 'Move those boxes into the corner, please'; 'I'm moving my money to another bank'; 'The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant') WN noun 'delegation': 2. delegating, delegation, relegating, relegation, deputation - (authorizing subordinates to make certain decisions)
Super-classes	AssigningEvent^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c Ordering^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Sub-classes	DemotingSomeone^c AssigningaRule^c ChargingSomeoneWithaTask^c AssigningAgentToRole^c Summoning^c HiringAnAgent^c DelegatingAuthority^c

AssigningaRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssigningaRule`
Description	Each 'AssigningaRule' is a #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SocialOccurrence, performed by some IntelligentAgent, in which one agent tells another agent that the second agent now must conform his/her actions to some Rule. Since this is an ObligationCreatingEvent, a failure of the second Agent to conform to that Rule will cause some negative consequence. `This is added because 'MakingaRule' by itself does not necessarily specify all agents covered by the Rule at the time of its creation. At a later time, additional agents may come under the strictures of the Rule. There is no verb sense in WordNet that specifically represents this concept.`
Super-classes	AssigningaResponsibility^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c Ordering^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value MakingaRule^c hadObjectCreated^op some RuleForBehavior^c
Sub-classes	Decreeing^c

Assignment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assignment`
Description	An Assignment is MentalObject within a 'IntentionalAgent' that refers to some Future Action that the agent has some form of obligation to do because it was assigned to the agent by some Authority. Unlike with a Goal, the Authority in this case cannot be the Agent itself. An Assignment may or may not coincide with a Desire - the FutureAction contempelated in an Assignment may be desired by the agent obliged to perform it, but may merely be an imposed Duty. This is an 'Obligation' @TODo: ?? An 'assignment' may not be an Obligation if there are no negative consequences from failure to perform. Does this situation occur?? Note that the Agent does not have to desire the FutureAction to occur - the Agent may be required to participate, may participate, if at all, only because not to participate would entail some undesirable consequences, which might be trivial (disappointing someone) or serious (loss of the Agent's life). This is somewhat similar distinction between an Intention and a Goal, but an Agent may have an Assignment yet have no Intention to perform the Assignment. The WN senses 1 and 5 both appear to be subtype of 'work', and no sense seems to be an ''Obligation'' in thesense used in COSMO. This type is interpretedas theObligation,and the obligated work is represented by sense 5 (see ''AssignedTask'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assignment' in WordNet: 1. (7) assignment, duty assignment - (a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces); 'hazardous duty')
Super-classes	Obligation^c MentalObject^c
Restrictions	wasAssignedByAuthority^op some Authority^c obligesActionType^op some AssignedTask^c
Sub-classes	Homework^c JobDescription^c

Assimilating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assimilating`
Description	''Assimilating'' is a ''ConformingAction'' performed by a Person of GroupOfPeople who move to a place where the culture of ethnicity or traditions differ from that prevailing where the newcomer has been. This is performed so that a Person can 'fit in' to the new environment `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'assimilate' in WordNet: 2. (2) assimilate - (become similar to one's environment; 'Immigrants often want to assimilate quickly')`
Super-classes	ConformingAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Newcomer^c
Sub-classes	Acculturating^c

AssimilatingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssimilatingInformation`
Description	'AssimilatingInformation' is a subtype of ''Learning'' in which the information learned is related to other information in memory, and itself entered into the Person's memory. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'assimilate' in WordNet: 1. (2) absorb, assimilate, ingest, take in - (take up mentally; 'he absorbed the knowledge or beliefs of his tribe')`
Super-classes	Learning^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value PuttingIntoMemory^c

AssimilationOfFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssimilationOfFood`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'assimilation' in WordNet: 3. assimilation, absorption - (the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c

Assistant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assistant

Description

''Assistant'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Helper'' or other type of Person who assists some superior.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'assistant' in WordNet:
       1. (4) adjunct, assistant - (of or relating to a person who is subordinate to another)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AssistantProfessor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssistantProfessor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assistant professor' in Wordnet: 1. assistant professor - (a teacher or lower rank than an associate professor)`
Super-classes	Professor^c

Assisted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assisted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'assisted' in Wordnet: 1. assisted, aided - (having help; often used as a combining form)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

AssistingaManager^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssistingaManager`
Description	''AssistingaManager'' is a ''HelpingAnAgent'' where some ''Employee'' provides assistance to a ''Manager'' who is in the direct line of authority in a management hierarchy. This is often performed by a member of a ''Staff'' but can be done by ''Employee''s not considered as part of the ''Staff'', such as some 'secretarial' personnel.
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Staffer^c hadBeneficiary^op some Manager^c

Associate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Associate`
Description	An 'Associate' is a Person who participates together with another person in some enterprise. This is a broad sense, which does not require direct interaction; two people can be 'associates' in a business even though they work in different divisions. For the closer working relationship requiring close collaboration, use 'Partner'. This sense includes BusinessPartners. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'associate' in WordNet: 1. (7) associate - (a person who joins with others in some activity; 'he had to consult his associate before continuing')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	Colleague^c Affiliate^c Partner^c BusinessPartner^c FormerAssociate^c

AssociateProfessor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssociateProfessor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'associate professor' in Wordnet: 1. (1) associate professor - (a teacher lower in rank than a full professor but higher than an assistant professor)`
Super-classes	Professor^c

Associated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Associated

Description

''Associated'' is the attribute of two or more objects (patients) of an ''AssociatingIdeas'' action.

      WN sense 2 seems to be for people, and though it has some of the 
         sense of this adjective, it might be made a subtype.
      The sense captured in WN sense 2 of 'associated' seems to be
        that represented as ''Collaborating'' in COSMO.


        Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'associated' in WordNet:
          1. (15) associated, connected - (related to or accompanying; 
               'Christmas and associated festivities')
          2. associated - (joined in some kind of relationship (as a colleague
              or ally or companion etc.); 'a cabal of associated lawyers')

Super-classes Related^c
PastParticiple^c

AssociatingIdeas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssociatingIdeas`
Description	''AssociatingIdeas'' is an early stage of 'Reasoning' in which an IntelligentAgent recognizes that there is some relationship that connects two ideas - the 'ideas' being of any form, perhaps purely theoretical or perhaps observations of things or Events in the RealWorld. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'associate' in WordNet: 1. (26) associate, tie in, relate, link, colligate, link up, connect - (make a logical or causal connection; 'I cannot connect these two pieces of evidence in my mind'; 'colligate these facts'; 'I cannot relate these events at all') WN noun 'association': 5. (6) association, connection, connexion - (the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination; 'conditioning is a form of learning by association')`
Super-classes	Reasoning^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some Reasoning^c causedCreationOf^op some ConceptLinkage^c

AssociatingWithOtherPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssociatingWithOtherPeople`
Description	Each instance of 'AssociatingWithOtherPeople' is an Action performed by a Person who in some way interacts with some other people in person, such as attending the same social gathering as another. This is very general, to express the notion of having had some personal contact without necessarily being otherwise related to another. However, to use this as a way of connecting indviduals (rather than an individual with a group) this requires some actual communication between individuals, and merely being present in the same room at the same time is not an instance of association between individuals. NOTE: 'assort' is and archaic usage and is not used as a label - too confusing. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'association' and verb sense 2 of 'associate' and noun sense 5 of 'involvement' in WordNet: 2. (32) association - (the act of consorting with or joining with others; 'you cannot be convicted of criminal guilt by association') WN verb 'associate': 2. (3) consort, associate, affiliate, assort - (keep company with; hang out with; 'He associates with strange people'; 'She affiliates with her colleagues') WN noun 'involvement': 5. participation, involvement - (the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.))
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c CulturalThing^c PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	HangingOutWithFriends^c AttendingTheSameClass^c

Association^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Association`
Description	A spec of #$Organization. Unlike many organizations, associations are characterized by voluntary membership, and by a relatively egalitarian governance structure in which all members have at least initially an equal say in associative decisions. COSMO note: regardless of the name of a commercial Organization, no commercial organization is an Association. Each 'Association' is an organized Social or professional Group, usually having a formal charter, purpose, and operating rules. It may be purely local and for social purposes, or international and for advancement of professional interests. The social groups of WN sense 2 of 'society' are represented in the subtype 'SocialOrganization'. Includes noun sense 2 of 'society' and noun sense 1 of 'association' in WordNet: 1. (616) association - (a formal organization of people or groups of people; 'he joined the Modern Language Association') WN noun 'society': 2. (6) club, social club, society, guild, gild, lodge, order - (a formal association of people with similar interests; 'he joined a golf club'; 'they formed a small lunch society'; 'men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today')
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	Consortium^c SportsLeague^c CooperativeAssociation^c SocialOrganization^c

AssociationAuxiliary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssociationAuxiliary`
Description	An ''AssociationAuxiliary'' is an ''Association'' that is affiliated with but not a direct suborganization of a social Association. Used among other things for women's 'auxiliaries' to all-male Organizations. `NO WN sense; RHW: an organization allied with, but subsidiary to, a main body of restricted membership, esp. one composed of members' relatives: 'The men's club and the ladies' auxiliary were merged into one organization.'`
Super-classes	Suborganization^c SocialOrganization^c
Restrictions	isAssociatedWithAgent^op some SocialOrganization^c

AssociationChapter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssociationChapter`
Description	An ''AssociationChapter'' is a local suborganization of some private sector Association, which is called a 'chapter'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chapter' in WordNet: 3. (2) chapter - (a local branch of some fraternity or association; 'he joined the Atlanta chapter')`
Super-classes	Suborganization^c SocialOrganization^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op some SocialOrganization^c

Assuming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assuming`
Description	A ''Assuming'' is a type of 'Postulating' in which an IntelligentAgent creates an ''Assumption'', as a way to explain some phenomenon, and in which the agent has at least a moderate level of belief in the explanation, and uses that ''Assumption'' to conclude other possible facts. For ''Postulating'' where the level of belief is weak, use ''SuspectingSomething''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assume' in WordNet: 1. (70) assume, presume, take for granted - (take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof; 'I assume his train was late')`
Super-classes	Postulating^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Assumption^c
Sub-classes	SuspectingSomething^c

AssumingAnEmployeePosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssumingAnEmployeePosition`
Description	''StaffingAnOrganization'' is a Group of ''FillingaPosition'' Actions in some Person or GrupOfPeople are assigned to some Group of ''EmploymentPosition''s in some Organization. This can be a filling of as few as one ''Position'' in an Oranization. `A sentence that describes 'filling' some ''Position'' with some ''Employee'' has the ''Position'' as the direct object for this type of ''Action''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'staff' in WordNet: 1. (4) staff - (provide with staff; 'This position is not always staffed')`
Super-classes	FillingaPosition^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some StaffingAnOrganization^c

AssumingaPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AssumingaPosition`
Description	''AssumingaPosition'' is the Action performed by some Person who is appointed to an ''EmploymentPosition'' and thereby starts to perform that HumanRole, and enters the ''BeingEmployed'' state. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'fill' in WordNet: 4. (5) fill, take - (assume, as of positions or roles; 'She took the job as director of development')`
Super-classes	ChangeOfStatusEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHired^op some Employee^c starts^op value BeingEmployed^c isTheStartingPartOf^op value BeingEmployed^c hasDirectObject^op value Position^c

Assumption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assumption`
Description	Each 'Assumption' is a Hypothesis that is used as a starting point for some argument, or as the basis or justification for some Action. It is poduced bysome ''Assuming'' action. An Assumption may have any number of parts, or individual assertions. This can be used in informal discussion, or (more specifically represented by ''Premises'') in formal logical deductive process. For the 'premises' used in more formal logical reasoning, use the subtype ''Premises''. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'assumption'and sense 1 of 'premise' and noun sense 1 of 'given' in WordNet: 1. (341) premise, premiss, assumption - (a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; 'on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play') 2. (218) assumption, supposition, supposal - (a hypothesis that is taken for granted; 'any society is built upon certain assumptions') WN noun 'given': 1. (1) given, presumption, precondition - (an assumption that is taken for granted)
Super-classes	Hypothesis^c
Sub-classes	Premises^c MistakenAssumption^c BasicAssumption^c

Assured^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assured`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'assured' in Wordnet: 1. (2) assured - (marked by assurance; exhibiting confidence; 'she paints with an assured hand')`
Super-classes	FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Confident^c

Assuring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Assuring`
Description	Each ''Assuring'' is a ''StatingSomething'' in which one IntelligentAgent makes a statement to another with the goal of providing the adressee some 'assurance' about a situation. `Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'assure' in WordNet: 2. (9) assure, tell - (inform positively and with certainty and confidence; 'I tell you that man is a crook!') 3. (9) assure - (assure somebody of the truth of something with the intention of giving the listener confidence; 'I assured him that traveling to Cambodia was safe')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c StatingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FeelingOfConfidence^c
Sub-classes	ReassuringEvent^c

Astatine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astatine

Description

A radioactive metallic element

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astatine' in WordNet:
          1. astatine, At, atomic number 85 -
            (a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series);
            a decay product of uranium and thorium)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
ChemicalElement^c
Halogen^c

Aster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aster`
Description	A ''Aster'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''AsterPlant''. No sense of 'aster' in Wordnet for the flower alone.
Super-classes	CutFlower^c
Restrictions	isTheFlowerOfa^op value AsterPlant^c
Sub-classes	DaisyPlant^c

AsterPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsterPlant

Description

A ''AsterPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'aster', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Aster'' in COSMO.

      CYC: A plant order in the dicot subclass.  includes
        sunflowers, daisies, etc.  "dicot

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aster' in Wordnet:
         1. aster - (any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus
              Aster with showy daisylike flowers)

Super-classes FloweringPlant^c
DicotSubclass^c

Asteroid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asteroid

Description

CYC: The collection of all chunks of rock which orbit our Sun. In AstronomyMt this collection might also include asteroids outside the Solar System.

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'asteroid' in WordNet:
           1. asteroid - (any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of 
             rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter))

Super-classes OuterSpaceObject^c

Asthma^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asthma

Description

A chronic disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing and difficulty in breathing.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asthma' in WordNet:
          1. asthma, asthma attack, bronchial asthma -
             (respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin)

Super-classes RespiratoryAilment^c
ChronicCondition^c

Astounding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astounding

Description

''Astounding'' is a subtype of ''Amazing'' that produces a stunned feeling.

          'astounding science fiction'

    This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'':
          Unusual
          HighlyUnusual
          Extraordinary
          Amazing ( + Surprising + Incredible)
          Astounding

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astounding' in WordNet:
           1. (1) astounding, dumbfounding, dumfounding - (bewildering or striking dumb with wonder)
           2. astonishing, astounding, staggering, stupefying - (so surprisingly impressive 
             as to stun or overwhelm; 'such an enormous response was astonishing';
             'an astounding achievement'; 'the amount of money required was staggering';
             'suffered a staggering defeat'; 'the figure inside the boucle dress was stupefying')

Super-classes Amazing^c

Astride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astride`
Description	`'He rode into town astride a donkey'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'astride' in Wordnet: 1. (2) astride, astraddle - (with one leg on each side; 'she sat astride the chair')`
Super-classes	Abnormal^c

Astrology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astrology`
Description	''Astrology'' is a 'Pseudoscience' in which it is believed that the positions of the stars at the time of one's birth (which depends on the time and place of one's birth) is systematically related to one's personality and fate. `CYC: The collection of belief systems that assume the influence of instances of #$HeavenlyBody on human affairs and personality. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astrology' in WordNet: 1. astrology, star divination - (a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon)`
Super-classes	Pseudoscience^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PlanetaryOrbiting^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Horoscope^c

Astronaut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astronaut`
Description	An''Astronaut'' is a ';Passenger'' who has ridden or is riding or is trained to ride in a ''Spacecraft''. This includes scientists that do not control the Spacecraft, and paying passengers that are passive in the Event. A professional Astronaut would be a specialization (or a more general type [e.g. 'SpaceTraveller'?] can be created). `The CYC 'astronaut' is a professional: An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$Astronaut is a person who participates in space travel and/or conducts scientific research in space. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronaut' in WordNet: 1. astronaut, spaceman, cosmonaut - (a person trained to travel in a spacecraft; 'the Russians called their astronauts cosmonauts')`
Super-classes	Passenger^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SpaceTravel^c wasTransportedInEvent^op value SpaceTravel^c

Astronomer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astronomer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronomer' in WordNet: 1. astronomer, uranologist, stargazer - (a physicist who studies astronomy)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c Scientist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Astronomy^c

Astronomic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astronomic

Description

''Astronomic'' is an AttributeValue usually used in a hyperbolic sense to mean 'extremely large'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'astronomic' in Wordnet:
         2. astronomic, astronomical, galactic - (inconceivably large)

Super-classes Huge^c

Astronomical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astronomical

Description

''Astronomical'' is the PertainingAttribute pertaining to ''Astronomy'' and things that are used in or are topics of Astronomy, such as ''AstronomicalObject'',''AstronomicalTelescope''

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'astronomical' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) astronomic, astronomical - (relating or belonging to 
           the science of astronomy; 'astronomic telescope')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AstronomicalBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AstronomicalBody`
Description	A specialization of #$AstronomicalObject (q.v.). Each instance of #$AstronomicalBody is an astronomical object that is an individual body, as opposed to a group or system of such bodies. Specializations include #$Planet and #$Star. Note that this collection includes only natural bodies; artificially-made objects such as spaceships and communications satellites are excluded. `NOTE that this type includes the Earth (as a Planet), the Sun, and Earth's Moon. NOTE that the SUMO term has been reused and specialized and does not have the same meaning as in SUMO.`
Super-classes	AstronomicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Meteoroid^c Planet^c Star^c Planet-Generic^c

AstronomicalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AstronomicalEvent`
Description	An Event that occurs in outer space, and is a topic suitable for discussion in Astronomy. A person on the moon hitting a golf ball occurs in outer space, but is not an AstronomicalEvent. It should in principle be observable from the Earth, and affect an AstronomicalBody
Super-classes	PhysicalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some OuterSpaceLocation^c
Sub-classes	Solstice^c SupernovaEvent^c Equinox^c

AstronomicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AstronomicalObject`
Description	COSMO note: we specify that an AstronomicalObject is located in the OuterSpaceVacuum. This is a relative perspective, meaning that it is not located on the Earth - even though the Earth itself also is located in the OuterSpaceVacuum, and the Earth is an instance. Also note that we specify that an AstronomicalObject is large, so debris no larger than a large house will not be an AstronomicalObject. If they are of interest, it will be necessary to create a different category for such small outer-space objects. Note that because the Earth itself is located in the OuterSpaceVacuum, it is an AstronomicalObject. Cyc: A specialization of #$InanimateThing-Natural. The collection of all things of the types studied by astronomers. Each instance of #$AstronomicalObject is a (usually quite large) natural, inanimate object that is located in the physical universe and is not on the surface of the Earth. (But note that #$PlanetEarth itself _is_ an instance of this collection.) An #$AstronomicalObject might be either an individual heavenly body (see #$AstronomicalBody) or a group or system made up of such bodies (see e.g. #$Galaxy and #$PlanetarySystem). See also the specialization #$CelestialObject, instances of which are visible from the Earth. IN SUMO corresponds to 'AstronomicalBody' - but that term in Cyc is reserved for things that are not groups. See 'AstronomicalBody'. SUMO: The Class of all astronomical objects of significant size. It includes SelfConnectedObjects like planets, stars, and asteroids, as well as Collections like nebulae, galaxies, and constellations. Note that the planet Earth is an AstronomicalBody, but every Region of Earth is a GeographicArea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heavenly body' in WordNet: 1. (1) celestial body, heavenly body - (natural objects visible in the sky)
Super-classes	NaturalObject^c OuterSpaceLocation^c LargeObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpaceVacuum^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value Astronomer^c
Sub-classes	OuterSpaceObject^c Galaxy^c AstronomicalBody^c Planet-Generic^c

AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding

Description

CYC 'AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding': The collection of all instances of #$AstronomicalObservatory which are also #$ConstructionArtifacts. Astronomical instruments are housed in each #$AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding (and may even be a part of the building).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'observatory' in WordNet:
          1. observatory - (a building designed and equipped to observe astronomical phenomena)

Super-classes GenericAstronomicalObservatory^c
Building^c

AstronomicalSatellite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AstronomicalSatellite`
Description	CYC: The collection of all artificial satellites (#$Satellite-Device) which are designed for collecting data on celestial and astronomical phenomena. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronomy satellite' in WordNet: 1. astronomy satellite - (a satellite equipped with a telescope to observe infrared radiation)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSatellite^c GenericAstronomicalObservatory^c
Restrictions	orbits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

AstronomicalTelescope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AstronomicalTelescope`
Description	An ''AstronomicalTelescope'' is a large ''Telescope'' used to observe ''AstronomicalObject''s. This includes infrared 'telescopes'. Not yet distinguished Radio telescope arrays??? certain arrays of neutrino or muon detectors designed for observing astronomical events? gravity wave detectors? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronomical telescope' in WordNet: 1. astronomical telescope - (any telescope designed to collect and record electromagnetic radiation from cosmic sources)`
Super-classes	Telescope^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value GenericAstronomicalObservatory^c hasDesignFunction^op value ObservingAstronomicalObjects^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ObservingAstronomicalObjects^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c mayHavePart^op value Mirror^c

Astronomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astronomy`
Description	The science concerned with studying AstronomicalObject, especially those not the ''Earth''. These include stars, planets, galaxies, and Events among such Objects, including the origin and expansion of the universe. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronomy' in WordNet: 1. (1) astronomy, uranology - (the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole)`
Super-classes	Physics^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Astronomer^c

Astrophysicist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astrophysicist`
Description	An ''Astrophysicist'' is a ''Physicist'' who does research on the properties of ''AstronomicalObject''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astrophysicist' in WordNet: 1. astrophysicist - (an astronomer who studies the physical properties of celestial bodies)`
Super-classes	Physicist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value AstronomicalObject^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Astrophysics^c

Astrophysics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Astrophysics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astrophysics' in WordNet: 1. (1) astrophysics - (the branch of astronomy concerned with the physical and chemical properties of celestial bodies)`
Super-classes	Physics^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Astrophysicist^c
Sub-classes	Cosmology^c

Asymmetric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asymmetric`
Description	''Asymmetric'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that does not have a point or line or plane of symmetry; something that is not ''Symmetric''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asymmetric' in Wordnet: 1. (2) asymmetrical, asymmetric - (characterized by asymmetry in the spatial arrangement or placement of parts or components) WN adj 'asymmetrical': 2. asymmetrical, crooked - (irregular in shape or outline; 'asymmetrical features'; 'a dress with an crooked hemline')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Awry^c

AsymmetricRange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsymmetricRange`
Description	An AsymmetricRange is a pair of measures that expresses the uncertainty of a measurement with two numbers, one extending above and the other below the cited mean value; for example, a measure might be expressed as '25 +4 -7 meters' meaning that the mean measured value is 25 meters, but the uncertainties of measurement are such that the true value could be as low as 18 or as high as 29 meters. Converting such an uncertainty expression to a Gaussian cannot be done properly without more information.
Super-classes	ConfidenceInterval^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

Asymptomatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asymptomatic

Description

''Asymptomatic'' is an attribute of some ''Animal'' (usually a Person) that does not have a''Symptom'' of some specific''AilmentCondition''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asymptomatic' in Wordnet:
           1. asymptomatic, symptomless - (having no symptoms of illness or disease)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Asymptote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asymptote`
Description	An ''Asymptote'' is a straight line on a 2-D x-y graph that represents a limiting value for the slope of the y variable with respect to the x variable as the x value increase toward infinity. NOTE that CYC has multiple subtypes, including ''Asymptote-BoundedAbove'', which is the most commonly used meaning - a limiting upper value for the y variable. The limit may also be a lower limit. `Corresponds to the generic noun sense 1 of 'asymptote' in WordNet: 1. asymptote - (a straight line that is the limiting value of a curve; can be considered as tangent at infinity; 'the asymptote of the curve')`
Super-classes	StraightLine^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value LimitingValue^c
Sub-classes	Asymptote-BoundedAbove^c

Asymptote-BoundedAbove^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asymptote-BoundedAbove

Description

The line parallel to the x-axis of a curve, representing the upper bound of the y-variable for some x-y function. This is often interpreted as the actual y-value represented by that line (logically a different concept, not yet represented).

       Corresponds to a subtype of the generic noun sense 1 of 'asymptote' in WordNet:
         1. asymptote - (a straight line that is the limiting value of a curve; 
          can be considered as tangent at infinity; 'the asymptote of the curve')

Super-classes Asymptote^c

AtRisk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtRisk

Description

An attribute of Objects that are in danger of loss or harm. For Objects having little risk of loss or harm, use 'Secure'. For situations presenting a risk of loss or harm, use 'Risky'.

      Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'endangered' 
        in WordNet:
        1. endangered - ((of flora or fauna) in imminent danger of extinction;
         'an endangered species')

Super-classes Salient^c

AtSea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtSea

Description

''AtSea'' is an Object that is a ''RelativeLocation'' meaning that something located there is on a ''Sea'' (which includes Oceans and adjacent arms of the sea, as well as bodies of water large enough that one can be too far from land to swim there easily. Corresponds tro sense 2 of 'asea' in RHW: asea: 'at sea. See sea (def. 10)'.

          There is no similar sense of 'at sea' in WordNet.  The WN adverb 'asea' seems to
             have a directional sense rather than locational:
           WN 'asea': 1. seaward, seawards, asea, toward the sea - (in the direction of the sea;
              'the sailor looked seaward')

Super-classes OutdoorObject^c
Sea^c

AtemporalRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtemporalRole`
Description	An 'AtemporalRole' is an abstract or concrete entity that is defined by its 'part' relation to other entities, but is not a TemporalThing.
Super-classes	AbstractEntity^c
Sub-classes	Sum^c Part^c MultiplicationProduct^c

Athapaskan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Athapaskan`
Description	An ''Athapaskan'' is an ''AmericanIndian'' of a tribe in Weatern North America. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Athapaskan' in WordNet: 1. Athapaskan, Athapascan, Athabaskan, Athabascan - (a member of any of the North American Indian groups speaking an Athapaskan language and living in the subarctic regions of western Canada and central Alaska)`
Super-classes	AmericanIndian^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op only NativeAmericans^c
Sub-classes	ApachePerson^c

AtheismGeneric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtheismGeneric

Description

''AtheismGeneric'' is the generic type including all specific forms of 'atheism' - the belief that the 'God' of the Bible does not exist is one, and the belief that there is no creator of this universe is a dfferent belief. Other forms can be defined.

      Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'atheism' in WordNet:
        1. atheism, godlessness - (the doctrine or belief that there is no God)
        2. atheism - (a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods)

Super-classes Religion^c

Atheist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atheist

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who are athiests.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atheist' in WordNet:
            1. (1) atheist - (someone who denies the existence of god)

Super-classes NonReligiousPerson^c

Atherosclerosis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atherosclerosis

Description

''Atherosclerosis''is a subtype of ''ArterioSclerosis''

    RHW: a common form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances form
       a deposit of plaque on the inner lining of arterial walls.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atherosclerosis' in WordNet:
        1. atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease - 
           (a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas)
            inside the arterial walls)

Super-classes ArterioSclerosis^c

Athlete^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Athlete`
Description	NOTE that this type is for Athletes who do not just train for physical fitness or to test their own skils,but in order to compete in some athletic Contest. `CYC: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$Athlete is a person who trains to compete in contests involving physical agility, stamina, or strength. Note that in the #$JobMt, #$Athlete is a subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation (q.v.), and hence in that microtheory represents the collection of professional athletes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athlete' in WordNet: 1. (7) athlete, jock - (a person trained to compete in sports)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Entertainer^c Contestant^c SocialBeing^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value SportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	Fencer^c ProfessionalAthlete^c Diver^c SoccerPlayer^c Jockey^c Archer^c MartialArtist^c Golfer^c Gymnast^c WeightLifter^c SkateBoarder^c FootballLineman^c Footracer^c Matador^c FootballPlayer^c Acrobat^c Sportsman^c Wrestler^c BaseballPlayer^c Teammate^c

Athletic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Athletic

Description

''Athletic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''AthleticActivity'' and things (locations) associated with athletics..

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'athletic' in WordNet:
             1. (3) athletic - (relating to or befitting athletics or athletes; 'athletic facilities')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AthleticActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AthleticActivity`
Description	COSMO note: solitary exercise such as calisthenics is included in this type, as well as game-like athletics. This also includes gymnastics and acrobatics: see ''AcrobaticManeuver''. Cyc: A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$AthleticActivity is a purposeful, physical human activity that is related to the playing of some sport, involves physical exertion, and tends to require strength and stamina. This collection is not limited to competitive sports events, but also includes non-competitive sports activities and exercising (e.g. spelunking, going for a jog, or shooting a few hoops). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athletics' in WordNet: 1. (1) sport, athletics - (an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition)
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c CulturalThing^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	KiteSurfing^c Surfing^c SportsCompetition^c Snowboarding^c Spelunking^c BaseballInning^c StrenuousAthleticActivity^c WindSurfing^c FieldSportsEvent^c Skateboarding^c MartialArtsActivity-Asian^c WaterPolo^c SportsPlay^c AcrobaticManeuver^c GymnasticAction^c Wakeboarding^c WaterSkiing^c

AthleticCoach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AthleticCoach`
Description	This is a trained (not necessarily professional) 'coach'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coach' in WordNet: 1. (20) coach, manager, handler - ((sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team)`
Super-classes	Person^c Trainer^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CoachingAthletes^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op some AthleticActivity^c

AthleticField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AthleticField`
Description	A PhysicalObject which contains a Field or 'court' (e.g. basketball court, tennis court, hockey court) prepared in some way for playing a sport, and may have other facilities such as stands, indoor concessions, etc.. The Field it contains may be in an outdoor or indoor location, and does not need to be reified. (It can be anything solid to support players: grass, boards, ice, whatever) `Cyc: Where ShotPutSportsEvents, LongJumps, and other field sports occur. See the specs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athletic field' in WordNet: 1. playing field, athletic field, playing area, field - (a piece of land prepared for playing a game; 'the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field')`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c FlatObject^c SportsFacility^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Field^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some SportType^c
Sub-classes	BaseballField^c FootballField^c Stadium^c SoccerField^c

AthleticFieldPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AthleticFieldPart`
Description	An ''AthleticFieldPart'' is a flat portion of Ground that is one defined part of an ''AthleticField'', that that can be distinguished from other parts. See 'BaseballDiamond'
Super-classes	SportsFacility^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c FlatObject^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some SportType^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value AthleticField^c
Sub-classes	RightField^c CenterField^c TennisCourtBaseline^c BaseballBase^c BaseballBaseline^c Outfield^c RightAndLeftFields^c LeftField^c BaseballDiamond^c

Atlas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atlas`
Description	An ''Atlas'' is a ''ReferenceWork'' primarly containing maps and related material. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'atlas' in WordNet: 2. atlas, book of maps, map collection - (a collection of maps in book form)`
Super-classes	ReferenceWork^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op value GeographicMap^c

Atmospheric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atmospheric`
Description	''Atmospheric'' is the PertainingAttribute pertaining to ''EarthsAtmosphere'' and Events that occur there, and components of and characteristics of ''EarthsAtmosphere''. 'atmospheric moisture'; 'atmospheric nitrogen' 'atmospheric temperature' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'atmospheric' in Wordnet: 1. (2) atmospheric, atmospherical - (relating to or located in the atmosphere; 'atmospheric tests')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Aerial^c

AtmosphericEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtmosphericEvent`
Description	An Event that occurs in Earth's atmosphere.
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Sub-classes	Meteor^c

AtmosphericPressure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtmosphericPressure

Description

    NOTE: this 'air pressure' is *not* the 'air pressure' in a tire.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atmospheric pressure' in WordNet:
        1. (2) atmospheric pressure, air pressure - (the pressure exerted by the atmosphere)

Super-classes GasPressure^c

AtmosphericWaterVapor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtmosphericWaterVapor`
Description	''AtmosphericWaterVapor'' is ''WaterVapor'' in the ''EarthsAtmosphere'' within some region of the Earth..
Super-classes	WaterVapor^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c

Atoll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atoll`
Description	An''Atoll'' is a ''CoralReef'' protruding significantly above the water surface, in a circlular or nearly circular formation, enclosing a 'lagoon' `CYC: A coral island consisting of a reef surrounding a lagoon. RHW: a ring-shaped coral reef or a string of closely spaced small coral islands, enclosing or nearly enclosing a shallow lagoon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atoll' in WordNet: 1. atoll - (an island consisting of a circular coral reef surrounding a lagoon)`
Super-classes	Island^c CoralReef^c
Restrictions	surrounds-Ringlike^op value Lagoon^c hasShape^op value Circular^c

Atom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atom`
Description	A specialization of #$ChemicalObject. Each instance of #$Atom is a microscopic-scale object with exactly one atomic nucleus (see #$AtomicNucleus) and some number of electrons (see #$Electron). A typical instance of #$Atom has no net charge, i.e., it has as many instances of #$Electron as it does of #$Proton. For the collection of atoms that do have non-zero charges, see #$MonoatomicIon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atom' in WordNet: 1. (51) atom - ((physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element)`
Super-classes	ChemicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some AtomicNucleus^c
Sub-classes	HydrogenAtom^c SodiumAtom^c PhosphorusAtom^c HeliumAtom^c NitrogenAtom^c GoldAtom^c OxygenAtom^c CarbonAtom^c SiliconAtom^c

AtomGram^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtomGram

Description

MassMeasure that is also known as the gram-atom. Defined as the mass in grams of 1 Mole of pure substance. For example, 1 AtomGram of Carbon 12 will be 12 Grams of pure Carbon 12. 2 AtomGrams of the same substance will be 24 Grams of it. This is an unusual unit in that it is essentially 1 Mole of 'stuff' measured in grams, so that the actual value (i.e. mass) depends on the type of substance.

    RHW 'gram atom':
     the quantity of an element whose weight in grams is numerically equal to
        the atomic weight of the element. Also called gram atomic weight

Super-classes MassMeasure^c

AtomGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtomGroup`
Description	A specialization of ChemicalObject. Each instance of AtomGroup is a microscopic-scale object with at least two atomic nuclei, covalently bonded so that some path of covalent bonds links each atom in the group to all the others. The group may constitute an intact neutral molecule, or an ion, or a fragment broken off from a molecule that is an ion or free radical, or merely a designation of some group of atoms that is in place as part of a larger molecule. In the last case, a common type of AtomGroup is a functional group such as a hydroxy (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), or sulfhydryl (-SH) group. The atoms of a ring in an organic compound would also constitute another interesting AtomGroup.
Super-classes	ChemicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Molecule^c EtherGroup^c AminoAcidUnit^c MonomerUnit^c ChemicalMoiety^c

Atomic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atomic

Description

''Atomic'' pertains to ''Atom''s and things that are associated with or derived from or directly depend on ''Atom''s especially atomic energy and atomic weapons, and 'atomic clocks'.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'atomic' in WordNet:
             1. (4) atomic - (of or relating to or comprising atoms;
                 'atomic structure'; 'atomic hydrogen')
             2. (1) nuclear, atomic - ((weapons) deriving destructive energy 
                 from the release of atomic energy; 'nuclear war'; 'nuclear weapons'; 
                 'atomic bombs')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AtomicBomb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtomicBomb`
Description	CYC: The collection of all bombs that derive their explosive force from fission, the energy released by the splitting apart of atoms (usually of plutonium or enriched uranium) `NOTE: 'plutonium bomb' should be a subtype. Create if distinction is needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atomic bomb' in WordNet: 1. (2) atom bomb, atomic bomb, A-bomb, fission bomb, plutonium bomb - (a nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission (splitting the nuclei of a heavy element like uranium 235 or plutonium 239))`
Super-classes	NuclearBomb^c FissionWeapon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Powerful^c uses^op value NuclearFission^c

AtomicNucleus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtomicNucleus`
Description	NOTE that a nucleus is always part of an atom; if accelerated in a form that strips the electrons, either the atom is highly ionized or it is considered as a subatomic particle (not resolved yet). `Cyc: A specialization of #$MicroscopicScaleObject. Each instance of #$AtomicNucleus is an object composed of some definite number of instances of #$Proton and some definite number of instances of #$Neutron. Each instance of #$Atom has exactly one instance of #$AtomicNucleus as a part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nucleus' in WordNet: 2. (5) nucleus - (the positively charged dense center of an atom)`
Super-classes	SubatomicObject^c ChargedParticle^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some Proton^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Atom^c
Sub-classes	HeliumNucleus^c

AtomicSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtomicSymbol`
Description	An AtomicSymbol is a ChemicalFormula representing one atom of a chemical element, `Chemical formulas should use the 'CHEM_' namespace prefix, so as to minimize ambiguity, even if the bare formula appears unambiguous. Thus Boron has the AtomicSymbol 'CHEM_B'.`
Super-classes	ChemicalFormula^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_Fe

Atomizer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atomizer`
Description	A container for storing and dispensing liquids by converting the liquid into a fine mist - whether for direct inhalation (as for medicines), or for spraying on the body (as for perfume) or to disperse the liquid into the air, or to spray paint or ink onto a surface (as with the subtype ''Airbrush'').. This includes dispensers that are hand-powered as well as those that work on electricity. The maximum size of the liquid droplets generated is only suggested by the fact that the drops in a ''Mist'' need to not settle quickly to the ground. Thus a water sprfayer for watering the lawn would not be an instance. `Note that the restrictions combined specify that an ''Atomizer'' creates a ''Mist'' which, by implication has a liquid component of the same substance as the contained liquid. To be more explicit requires @FOL. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atomizer ' in Wordnet: 1. atomizer, atomiser, spray, sprayer, nebulizer, nebuliser - (a dispenser that turns a liquid (such as perfume) into a fine mist)`
Super-classes	Device^c Dispenser^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c createsObject^op value Mist^c
Sub-classes	Airbrush^c Inhaler^c

AtrialFibrillation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtrialFibrillation`
Description	''AtrialFibrillation'' is an ''Arrhythmia'' in which the beating Action of the Atrium of the Heart is rapid and fails to pump blood into the Ventrical at proper intervals. Can cause pooling of blood in the atrium with blood clotting leading to ''Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atrial fibrillation' in WordNet: 1. atrial fibrillation - (fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart)`
Super-classes	Arrhythmia^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition^c

Atrocious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atrocious

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'atrocious' in Wordnet:
           1. atrocious, flagitious, grievous, heinous, monstrous -
               (shockingly brutal or cruel; 'murder is an atrocious crime'; 
               'a grievous offense against morality'; 'a grievous crime'; 
               'no excess was too monstrous for them to commit')

Super-classes Cruel^c

Atrocity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atrocity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'atrocity' in WordNet: 2. atrocity, inhumanity - (an act of atrocious cruelty)`
Super-classes	CruelAct^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Atrocious^c
Sub-classes	BrutalAction^c

Atrophied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atrophied

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'atrophied' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) atrophied, wasted, diminished - ((of an organ or body part)
           diminished in size or strength as a result of disease or injury or lack of use;
           "partial paralysis resulted in an atrophied left arm")

Super-classes Diminished^c

Atropine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atropine

Description

CYC: A chemical used to treat exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting substances.

       RHW: a poisonous crystalline alkaloid, C17H23NO3, obtained
         from belladonna and other plants of the nightshade family,
         that prevents the response of various body structures 
         to certain types of nerve stimulation: used chiefly 
         to relieve spasms, to lessen secretions, and, topically, 
         to dilate the pupil of the eye.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atropine' in WordNet:
         1. atropine - (a poisonous crystalline alkaloid extracted 
            from the nightshade family; used as an antispasmodic and 
            to dilate the eye pupil; also administered in large amounts 
            as an antidote for organophosphate nerve agents or organophosphate 
            insecticides)

Super-classes Alkaloid^c
Poison^c

Attache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attache`
Description	An ''Attache'' is a Person working in a diplomatic mission who specializes in some area of interest to the government. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attache' in WordNet: 1. attache - (a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission)`
Super-classes	Specialist^c Diplomat^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value DiplomaticBuilding^c

Attached^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attached`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attached' in Wordnet: 1. (2) attached - (fastened together; 'a picnic table with attached benches')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	SecureAndStable^c Linked^c Mounted^c

AttachedClip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttachedClip`
Description	An ''AttachedClip'' is a ''Clip'' for holding papers but is attached to a larger object that may be vertically aligned,or moved arond like a ''Clipboard''
Super-classes	Clip^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Device^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HoldingAnObject^c

AttachedPin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttachedPin`
Description	A ''Pin''' that is attached to another object to allow attaching the larger object to something else - commonly a piecce of clothing. This is the 'pin' that allows attachment of various things such as badges, brooches and other jewelry pieces, medals, or any other small object to anything soft enough and rigid enough to accept a pin insertion. The ''AttachedPin'' can be similar to a ''SafetyPin'' and be attached by the non-sharp part of the loop (e.g. soldered) to another e.g. metal object, or it can be a straight pin that is attached by one end to the object, with a built-in catch to hold the other end of the pin when its host object is fastened to its target place of display. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'pin' in Wordnet: 9. pin - (a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things)
Super-classes	SomethingToWearPart^c Fastener^c Pin^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value PinnableObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Attached^c

Attaching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attaching`
Description	A Process where one Object becomes attached to another Object by deliberate action; this Action does not necessarily use a Fastener (e.g. welding); for Attaching that uses a ''Fastener'', use 'Fastening'. Note that Combining is different from Attaching in that the former applies to Substances, while the latter applies to CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Attaching is different from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are attached may or may not be moved from the location where they were combined. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attach' and verb seense 2 of 'join' and part of sense 1 (for physical objects only)1 of 'fasten' in WordNet: 1. (23) attach - (cause to be attached) 1. (13) fasten, fix, secure - (cause to be firmly attached; 'fasten the lock onto the door'; 'she fixed her gaze on the man') WN verb 'join': 2. (18) join, bring together - (cause to become joined or linked; 'join these two parts so that they fit together')`
Super-classes	AttachmentEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	PiecingTogether^c Affixing^c Crocheting^c Assembling^c Fastening^c Tagging^c Latching^c CompilingSomething^c Sewing^c MountingAnObjectToaSupport^c Labelling^c Knitting^c Splicing^c

Attachment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attachment`
Description	Any device that is attached or designed to be attached to another, usually larger PhysicalObject. NOTE that the restriction requires that for each Attachment, the thing it is typically attached to and the type of Connector used to attach it must be specified. This is a Role that certain ''PhysicalObject''s play - a Role if they are not specifically designed as an attachment to a certain type of object. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'attachment' in WordNet: 2. (1) attachment - (a supplementary part or accessory)`
Super-classes	Device^c Role^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op some PhysicalObjectType^c isTypicallyConnectedTo^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c) isTypicallyConnectedBy^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	HouseholdAttachment^c Bayonet^c Flap^c

AttachmentEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttachmentEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which one object becomes attached to another, whether as a deliberate action, or by some natural process. This may involve fasteners of some sort. in which case one should use the specialization 'Fastening'. or processes in which no fasteners are used, e.g. magnets moving together, two objects rusting together, chemical bonding. `For intentional actions that are AttachmentEvents, use 'Attaching'. For 'Attaching' with a 'Fastener' use 'Fastening'. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'attach', and includes sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (23) attach - (cause to be attached) 3. (3) attach - (become attached; 'The spider's thread attached to the window sill')`
Super-classes	Connecting^c
Sub-classes	Soldering^c Attaching^c

AttackDog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttackDog`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attack dog' in WordNet: 1. attack dog - (a watchdog trained to attack on command)`
Super-classes	Watchdog^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value Assault^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Trained^c

AttackOfAnAilment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttackOfAnAilment`
Description	An ''AttackOfAnAilment'' is the more or less sudden (e.g. within a few days to almost instantaneously) ocurrence of a bodily Event that causes some ''AilmentCondition'' This may or may not be a ''HealthEmergency'', depending on the severity of the Ailment. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'attack' in WordNet: 2. (177) attack - (a sudden occurrence of an uncontrollable condition; 'an attack of diarrhea')`
Super-classes	OnsetOfAnAilment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c
Sub-classes	SeizureAilment^c Occlusion^c HeartAttack^c

AttackOnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttackOnObject`
Description	This is used as the most generic sense of ''attack' on a PhysicalObject, including more specific types of attack as subtypes. CYC: A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$AttackOnObject. Each instance of #$AttackOnObject is an action intentionally performed by an actor or actors (see #$performedBy) with the goal (see #$purposeInEvent) that the action damages (see #$damages) the object attacked (see #$objectAttacked). The object that is attacked in an instance of #$AttackOnObject need not be a tangible object - for example, it could be a web site or a person's character. For attacks against tangible objects, see the more specialized collection, #$AttackOnTangible. The sense of criticism is not included here; for the act of criticizing, use 'Criticizing'l for the content, use 'Criticism'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'attack' in WordNet: 4. (107) attack, attempt - (the act of attacking; 'attacks on women increased last year'; 'they made an attempt on his life')
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c Stimulus^c
Sub-classes	Tackling^c WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack^c Arson^c MilitaryAttack^c MilitaryInvasion^c Assault^c MilitaryExpedition^c Blitz^c ViolentAction^c

Attempt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attempt`
Description	Each 'Attempt' is a single action that may be , relatively brief, in which an agent tries to accomplish some specific thing; this differs from the more generic 'AttemptingActivity' in not including complex series of actions that have a goal, such as a research effort. This can represent,for example, one toss of a horseshoe at the pole, or one swing of a baseball bat, or one shot at a target. Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'attempt', nouns senses 1 and 9 of 'shot' (informal usage), verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'try', and noun sense 1 of 'effort' in WordNet: WN verb 'attempt' 1. (50) try, seek, attempt, essay, assay - - (make an effort or attempt; 'He tried to shake off his fears'; 'The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps'; 'The police attempted to stop the thief; 'He sought to improve himself'; 'She always seeks to do good in the world') WN noun 'attempt': 1. (49) attempt, effort, endeavor, endeavour, try - - ('earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something'; 'made an effort to cover all the reading material'; 'wished him luck in his endeavor'; 'she gave it a good try') WN noun 'shot': 1. (759) shot - - (an attempt to score in a game) 9. (58) shot, stab - - (informal words for any attempt or effort; 'he gave it his best shot'; 'he took a stab at forecasting') WN verb 'give it a try': 1. give it a whirl, give it a try - (try; 'let's give it a whirl!') 2. have a go, give it a try - (make an attempt at something; 'I never sat on a horse before but I'll give it a go')
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c
Sub-classes	ShotAtaGoal^c TryingHard^c AttemptingToStrikeSomething^c StrokingAtaBall^c Batting^c

Attempted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attempted

Description

''Attempted'' is the attribute of some Action or state that was the Goal of some other Action. Thus an ''attempted murder'' means that ''urder' was the goal of the Action categorized as an ''attempted murder''. In gneral an 'attempted X' is an Action that might be an X, or if the attempt fails, would not be an X.

       NOTE: using the relation 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced' for
         an action that was attempted (and failed) is stretching the 
         usual usage for direct objects that are ''Object''s.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attempted' in WordNet:
         1. (2) attempted - (tried unsuccessfully; 'attempted murder')

Super-classes Possible^c
PastParticiple^c

AttemptedTherapeuticProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttemptedTherapeuticProcess`
Description	An ''AttemptedTherapeuticProcess'' is an ''#AttemptingActivity'' that is any Action that is performed in an attempt to cure some ''AilmentCondition'', whether modern professional, amateurish, folk traditional, or religious (faith healing) or magical (witch doctors,shamans).
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c HealthCareEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAnimalTreated^op value Person^c hasAttemptedAction^op value HealingEvent^c

AttemptingActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttemptingActivity`
Description	COSMO note: the LogicalFunction 'attempted' in COSMO serves the same purpose as the Cyc '#$AttemptingFn'. To specify 'an attempted XXX', create an instance of this type (?ATTEPT), and link it to the XXX by the relation 'hasAttemptedAction' {?ATTEMPT hasAttemptedAction ?XXX} Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$AttemptingActivity is an event in which an agent attempts (whether successfully or not) to perform some type of action: attempts to use a telephone, attempts to solve a math problem, attempts to go to the store. Specializations of this collection can be created on the fly via #$AttemptingFn (q.v.). This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attempt' and sense 1 of 'effort' and sense 1 of 'try'; and verb sense 1 of 'attempt' in WordNet: 1. (49) attempt, effort, endeavor, endeavour, try - (earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something; 'made an effort to cover all the reading material'; 'wished him luck in his endeavor'; 'she gave it a good try') WN verb 'try': 1. (345) try, seek, attempt, essay, assay - (make an effort or attempt; 'He tried to shake off his fears'; 'The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps'; 'The police attempted to stop the thief'; 'He sought to improve himself'; 'She always seeks to do good in the world')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op only (ActionType^c or Action^c)
Sub-classes	Endeavor^c SearchingForFood^c Failure^c Misinforming^c LookingForSomething^c Struggle^c Impersonating^c DeterringSomeone^c AttemptedTherapeuticProcess^c FightingaFire^c Interfering^c Hypocrisy^c TrappingOrPursuing^c RecruitingActivity^c Trapping^c Vaccinating^c Attempt^c SelfImprovement^c Studying^c CurryingFavor^c OfferingABribe^c Lying^c SchemingAction^c MakingAThreat^c AttemptingToPersuade^c ShootingAtSomething^c Genocide^c Reaching^c AdvocatingaBelief^c AvoidanceAction^c BeingaStudent^c ConditioningSomeone^c SalesActivity^c Quest^c MarketingActivity^c OfferingaReward^c Pursuing^c Insurgency^c
In domain of	hasAttemptedAction^op

AttemptingToPersuade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttemptingToPersuade`
Description	''AttemptingToPersuade'' is an.''AttemptingActivity'' in which the agent performing the ''AttemptingToPersuade'' tries to convince another agent to perform some Action, whether simply to believe something or to take some physical action. This is the sort of thing that Lobbyists, proselytizers and other ''Persuader''s do as part of their job.
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value PersuadingToAct^c hasSubEvent^op value Explaining^c isPerformedBy^op value Persuader^c
Sub-classes	Lobbying^c Advertising^c Courtship^c

AttemptingToStrikeSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttemptingToStrikeSomething`
Description	Each 'AttemptingToStrikeSomething' is a Action in which a Person attempts in any of several ways to impact one object into another. This can be any form of ''Propelling'', such as shooting an arrow, a bullet, or a throwing something at a target, or swinging one's arm at another Person or Object, or swinging or throwing an object that is intended to hit another Object, such as beating an animal with a club, or chopping woodwith an axe. This is very general.
Super-classes	Attempt^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value StrikingAnObjectEvent^c
Sub-classes	StrokingAtaBall^c

Attendee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attendee`
Description	An 'Attendee' is the Role of a Person who is present at some Event, usually but not necessarily a meeting. In some senses disjoint with 'absentee'. `NOTE: ?Need this be 'physically present? remote attendees?? Not distinguished here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absentee' in WordNet: 1. attendant, attender, attendee, meeter - (a person who is present and participates in a meeting; 'he was a regular attender at department meetings'; 'the gathering satisfied both organizers and attendees')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Participant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Present-NotAbsent^c isaParticipantIn^op some SocialGathering^c
Sub-classes	Partygoer^c

Attendees^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attendees`
Description	Each ''Attendees'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that were present (for some interval of time) at a ''SocialGathering''.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c LocalGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Attendee^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatGuests20181231 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatGuests2019

Attender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attender`
Description	A ''Attender''is a ''Helper'' whose function is to be available to help other people when needed, rather than performing some task regularly. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'attender' in WordNet: 2. attendant, attender, tender - (someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another)`
Super-classes	Helper^c
Sub-classes	Bridesmaid^c Escort^c Lifeguard^c MilitaryOrderly^c

AttendingTheSameClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttendingTheSameClass`
Description	Each ''AttendingTheSameClass'' is an 'AssociatingWithOtherPeople' in which two or more ''Person''s are all (or both) present in at least one classroom where some specific ''CourseOfInstruction'' is being taught at some specific ''EducationalOrganization'' during the same ''SchoolSession'' at the same ''SchoolSessionTime''. `NOTE; two people who are ''Classmates'' of each other will perform some instance of this Action`
Super-classes	AttendingaClass^c TakingaCourse^c AssociatingWithOtherPeople^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op some CourseOfInstruction^c isPerformedBy^op value ClassroomAttendees^c occursAt^op some EducationalOrganization^c occursDuring^op some SchoolSessionTime^c

AttendingaClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttendingaClass`
Description	''AttendingaClass'' is an ''AttendingaSocialEvent'' used for formal attendance of a ''Student'' in a ''Classroom'' (which could be temporary or ad hoc, as in a gym) at some ''School''. The ''GenericLocation'' is left as a possibility for classes that are held outdoors on a sunny day. This Action can represent the action of a single Studentor of any group of Students attending the same''ClassSession''. The ''Teacher' participates in the ''ClassSesson'' of which this Action is a SubEvent. No specific sense in WN for attending class - use the more generic: Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attend' in WordNet: 1. (84) attend, go to - (be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.; 'She attends class regularly'; 'I rarely attend services at my church'; 'did you go to the meeting?')
Super-classes	AttendingaSocialEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value ClassSession^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (GenericLocation^c or SchoolBuilding^c or Classroom^c or Student^c or ClassroomAttendees^c) occurredAt^op some (GenericLocation^c or SchoolBuilding^c or Classroom^c or Student^c or ClassroomAttendees^c)
Sub-classes	AttendingTheSameClass^c

AttendingaSocialEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttendingaSocialEvent`
Description	''AttendingaSocialEvent'' is a subtype of ''BeingPresent'' (a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'') used for a ''Person''s who are intentionally ''Present-NotAbsent'' at some ''Event-Organized'' (being held at some Location). Not for bystanders. This is not necessarily attending a ''SocialGathering'' which would be for relaxation, meeting people, or entertainment. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attend' in WordNet: 1. (84) attend, go to - (be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.; 'She attends class regularly'; 'I rarely attend services at my church'; 'did you go to the meeting?') WN noun 'attendance': 1. (2) attendance, attending - (the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.))`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c BeingPresent^c Participation^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op some Event-Organized^c occurredAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c)
Sub-classes	Partygoing^c AttendingaClass^c AuditingaCourse^c

Attentive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attentive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attentive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) attentive - ((often followed by 'to') giving care or attention; 'attentive to details'; 'the nurse was attentive to her patient'; 'an attentive suitor')`
Super-classes	Awake^c
Sub-classes	Engrossed^c Unfailing^c

Attentively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attentively

Description

''Attentively'' is an AdverbOfManner that modifies an Action to assert that the Action was performed while paying close attention to what is being observed.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'attentively' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) attentively, with attention, paying attention - (in an attentive manner;
             'he listened attentively')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Attesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attesting`
Description	''Attesting''is an ''Affirming'' in which the object of the Action is attested (affirmed) to be authentic or of the required quality. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'attest' in WordNet: 2. (1) attest - (authenticate, affirm to be true, genuine, or correct, as in an official capacity; "I attest this signature")`
Super-classes	Affirming^c
Sub-classes	CertifyingaQuality^c

Attic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attic`
Description	One floor ('storey') of a Building, which is located directly under the roof, and has space to walk arond in (thus distinguishing it from a from a crawl space under the roof). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) loft, attic, garret - (floor consisting of open space at the top of a house just below roof; often used for storage)`
Super-classes	Storey^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyBelow^op value Roof^c

Attire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attire`
Description	''Attire'' is any one item or set of ''Clothing'' that is worn for some particular purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attire' in WordNet: 1. (2) attire, garb, dress - (clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion; 'formal attire'; 'battle dress')`
Super-classes	Clothing^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SocialOccurrence^c
Sub-classes	ClothingOutfit^c FashionableClothing^c Costume^c

Attitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attitude`
Description	A Feeling that disposes a person to appraise things or to view things in some specific way. This is vague but does describe an observable tendency toward some types of things. NOTE that a ''Tendency'' is an Attribute and this type is a ''FeelingType'' (EventType) ; each instance of ''Attitude'' will exhibit some subtype of ''Tendency''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attitude' in WordNet: 1. (65) attitude, mental attitude - (a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways; 'he had the attitude that work was fun')`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tendency^c
Sub-classes	Paternalism^c Partiality^c Outlook^c Stance^c Slant^c Impartiality^c PointOfView^c OrientedAttitude^c Fairness^c

AttorneyGeneral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttorneyGeneral

Description

CYC: The collection of all heads of law-enforcement departments who also officially represent the executive of the government in court cases, although such representation may normally handled through underlings.

        SUMO: The head law officer of a GeopoliticalRegion, 
         usually a Nation or StateOrProvince.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attorney general' in WordNet:
           1. (3) attorney general - (the chief law officer of a country or state)

Super-classes CabinetOfficer^c
Lawyer^c

Attracted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attracted

Description

''Attracted'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who has a desire to 'move' in some sense toward Idealized that apeals to that Person. The something that atracts could be an Object that is desireable or an activity that is pleasurable.

        No WN sense of 'attracted'.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Attracting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attracting

Description

This ''Attracting'' is similar to sense 2 of ''attractive', able to arouse interest, and does not require visual attractiveness.

        Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'attractive' in Wordnet:
          2. (3) attractive - (having power to arouse interest; 'an attractive opportunity';
             'the job is attractive because of the pay')

Super-classes AttractivenessValue^c
Interesting^c
Pleasant^c

AttractingEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttractingEvent

Description

An AttractingEvent is a ForceTransmissionEvent in which one object causes a force to be felt by another object, when the two objects are not touching. The attracting force may or may not cause the other object to move, depending on its situation. The holding of each heavier-than-air object to the Earth by gravity is an AttractingEvent.

    Other examples are the magnetic attraction that causes magnets to
    stick to refrigerators and the rotor of an electric motor to move,
    and the electrical attraction
    that propels beams of electrons in a TV tube.

    Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'attract' in WordNet:
        2. (7) attract - (exert a force on (a body) causing it
           to approach or prevent it from moving away; 'the gravitational
           pull of a planet attracts other bodies')

Super-classes ForceTransmissionEvent^c

AttractingPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttractingPeople`
Description	Each 'AttractingPeople' is an Event or state in which some Attractive entity (Object, Event, Place) cause people to pay attention. This is the characteristic 'behavior' of an 'AttractiveThing'. This can also be expressed by saying that the thing that attracts people is 'Attractive'. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'attract' and verb sense 3 of 'appeal' and verb sense 26 of 'draw' in WordNet: 1. (23) attract, pull, pull in, draw, draw in - (direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes; 'Her good looks attract the stares of many men'; 'The ad pulled in many potential customers'; 'This pianist pulls huge crowds'; 'The store owner was happy that the ad drew in many new customers') 3. (4) attract, appeal - (be attractive to; 'The idea of a vacation appeals to me'; 'The beautiful garden attracted many people')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Perceiving-Voluntary^c hadMainParticipant^op some AttractiveThing^c
Sub-classes	CaptivatingaPerson^c

Attraction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attraction`
Description	An ''Attraction'' is a site or object that causes (at least some) people to pay attention to it, or to approach it. THis is very general, and includes Devices that do interesting things (even shiny objects twinkling in the wind), as wellas large formal ''TouristAttraction''s that draw people from distances not easily walkable. NOTE that sense 4 specifies 'characteristic' but the example is an Object - here the Object sense is intended, not the quality. Includes noun senses 2, 4, and 5 of 'attraction' in Wordnet: 2. (2) attraction - (an entertainment that is offered to the public) 4. (1) attraction, attractor, attracter, attractive feature, magnet - (a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts; 'flowers are an attractor for bees') 5. drawing card, draw, attraction, attractor, attracter - (an entertainer who attracts large audiences; 'he was the biggest drawing card they had')
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Perceiving-Voluntary^c
Sub-classes	TouristAttraction^c

Attractive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attractive`
Description	'Attractive' is an AttributeValue of an object or event that causes pleasure when observing the object (by eye or ear) or event. A more intense value of this AttributeValue are the subtype 'Beautiful'. A more specialized subtype of this attribute, for objects and music, is 'Pretty' @ToDo: need specializations for things like music and artistic performances, to distinguish events from objects? `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attractive' in WordNet, and includes sense 1 of 'pretty', which is a subtype in WordNet: 1. (4) attractive - (pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm; 'a remarkably attractive young man'; 'an attractive personality'; 'attractive clothes'; 'a book with attractive illustrations') WN Includes adjective sense 1 of 'pretty' in WordNet: 1. (20) pretty - (pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing; 'pretty girl'; 'pretty song'; 'pretty room')`
Super-classes	Good^c AttractivenessValue^c Interesting^c Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	Cute^c EstheticallyPleasing^c Charming^c Appealing^c Charismatic^c Inviting^c Beautiful^c Pretty^c Lovable^c GoodLooking^c

AttractiveForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttractiveForce`
Description	An''AttractiveForce'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' that causes two objects to tend to move together unless prevented by some intervening obstacle, in which case the object whose motion is halted will exert a force or pressure on the intervening object,. `NOTE: electricity and Magnetism are classified by WN as ''AttractiveForce''s, although they can be both attractive and repulsive. So this cannot be interpreted as meaning a force is only attractive. When details are needed, this nuance can be added, and the alternatives disentangled. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attractive force' in WordNet: 1. (5) attraction, attractive force - (the force by which one object attracts another)`
Super-classes	PhysicalForce^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value ComingTogether^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c
Sub-classes	Gravity^c StrongForce^c Magnetism^c WeakForce^c PolypeptideBonding^c ChemicalBonding^c

AttractiveObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttractiveObject`
Description	Each ''AttractiveObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' a psychological appeal (to people or animals) that causes animals to pay attention (''Perceiving-Voluntary'') and perhaps to approach it or try to obtain it. Among the subtypes are ''Lure'' and ''Bait''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c AttractiveThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Attractive^c

AttractiveThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttractiveThing`
Description	Each ''AttractiveThing'' is a thing - object,location, Event, that has a psychological appeal that causes people to pay attention (Perceiving-Voluntary') and perhaps to go there (place) or participate in it (Event) or buy it (Object). he manner of being Attractive depends on the kind of thing that is Attractive, and the results of thatbeing Atractive will also depend on the exact nature of the attractiveness; the only general criterion is that is cuases (some) people to pay attention.
Super-classes	SalientThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Attractive^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Perceiving-Voluntary^c
Sub-classes	Lure^c AttractiveObject^c

Attractiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attractiveness`
Description	'Attractiveness' is an AttributeType that includes visual and other types of attractiveness, such as personality. Attractiveness is an attribute that causes pleasant feelings in people who observe the attractive thing, and is therefore highly subjective. `Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'attractiveness' in WordNet: 1. attraction, attractiveness - (the quality of arousing interest; being attractive or something that attracts; 'her personality held a strange attraction for him') 2. attractiveness - (a beauty that appeals to the senses)`
Super-classes	Goodness^c
Restrictions	causesOrInduces^op value AttractingPeople^c
Sub-classes	Beauty^c Charisma^c Glamor^c

AttractivenessValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttractivenessValue`
Description	An AttractivenessValue is an EvaluativeAttribute that reflects a judgment regarding the ability of an object or event to cause pleasure (or displeasure) when observing the object or event. Subtypes of this AttributeValue have the AttributeType 'Attractiveness'. The linguistic terms 'attractiveness' and 'attractive' both relate to this type AttributeValue - the former being the broader term including various degrees of attractiveness, and the latter being higher degrees of attractiveness. @ToDo: need to organize and relate the adjective and noominal forms and rank intensities Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'attractiveness' and adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'attractive' and noun sense 1 of 'beauty' in WordNet: WN noun 'attractiveness': 1. attraction, attractiveness - (the quality of arousing interest; being attractive or something that attracts; 'her personality held a strange attraction for him') 2. attractiveness - (a beauty that appeals to the senses) WN adjective 'attractive': 1. (4) attractive - (pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm; 'a remarkably attractive young man'; 'an attractive personality'; 'attractive clothes'; 'a book with attractive illustrations') 2. (3) attractive - (having power to arouse interest; 'an attractive opportunity'; 'the job is attractive because of the pay') WN noun 'beauty': 1. (16) beauty - (the qualities that give pleasure to the senses)
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Attractive^c Attracting^c Unattractive^c Ugly^c

Attributable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attributable

Description

''Attributable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for Things such as Objects (abstract or physical) or Events for which the creator (for objects) or resonsible party for Events or causative agent or event (for phenomena) can be identified.

        NOTE: the three generic types of things that can be 'attributed' are all related to this 
           most general sense of 'attributable' but subtypes of this attribute can be
           created when needed for each of the specific types listed in the relations here.
           @ToDo.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attributable' in Wordnet:
            1. (4) attributable - (capable of being attributed; "the collapse of the movement was attributable 
                 to a lack of morale"; "an idea attributable to a Russian")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Attribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Attribute`
Description	This type ''Attribute'' includes complex attributes that point to both an AttributeType and some form of AttributeValue; it can serve as the value of a 'hasAttribute' relation. Thus one might want to specify that an entity has a strength of a certain value, and one may create an instance of ''Attribute'' that points to the ''AgeInYears' subtype of ''Attribute'', and to some numerical value that represents a real number (''N_74''). But there are other subtypes of ''Attribute'' such as ''Capability'' that may function as simple ''AttributeValue''s, but also may NOTE that because of the subtlety of representing ''Quality''s (such as Having or Being some 'AttributeValue'), which are represented as ''PersistentState''s, the ''Attribute'' type is not disjoint with ''Event'', whereas ''QualitativeAttributeValue''s are disjoint. In the first case in COSMO, the representation of 'attributes' (properties in informal terms) includes two or three aspects, depending on whether the Attribute is qualitative or quantitative, respectively: (1) the AttributeType (Color, Length, Flexibility). The AttributeType specifies the kind of attribute that is being represented. Every instance of Attribute must specify the AttributeType (2) the AttributeValue (Color -Red; Length - 10 feet; Flexibility - high) for quantitative attributes (10 feet, 30 pounds) the AttributeValue is composed of both a number and a UnitOfMeasure. The UnitOfMeasure values include 'Dimensionless', a pure number (e.g. as an attribute of 'Cardinality' for a Group). See also 'AttributeValue' for additional discussion. In the case of quantitative attributes, rather than pointing from an instance of Attribute to a QuantitativeAttributeValue, the relations 'hasUnit' and 'hasQuantifier'can point directly to the UnitOfMeasure and the Quantifier. An instance of QuantitativeAttributeValue can be represented as the UnitOfMeasure and the quantifier, separately, specified by relations 'hasUnit' and 'hasQuantifier'. If the implementation allows use of functions, a QuantitativeAttributeValue can be represented as a function term such as {25.6 feet}. For QualitativeAttributes the AttributeValue may be directly represented. For IntensiveAttributes, the AttributeValue can have interval-type intensity values such as 'Low', 'Medium', 'High'. The type of an Attribute is specified as the value of the 'hasType' relation. BFO: ''Attribute'' and ''AttributeType'' and ''AttributeValue'' appears to be included in BFO 'Quality'. BFO 'Quality': Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). BFO: Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee Corresponds to a combination of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'attribute' in WordNet: 1. (2) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property') 2. (1) attribute - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity)
Super-classes	SpecificallyDependentContinuant^c
Sub-classes	Capability^c PercentageAttribute^c RelativeAttribute^c TruthAttribute^c PopulationAttribute^c AgeInYears^c GroupVariation^c IntensiveAttribute^c
In domain of	hasValue^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighInternalTemperature http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Age74years http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Height1.75m2007 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Height1.58m2007

AttributeChangeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeChangeEvent`
Description	An ''AttributeChangeEvent'' is an Event in which some AttributeValue of some Object or Substance is changed.
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	BecomingBlind^c BecomingNormal^c BecomingTarnished^c

AttributeComparison^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeComparison`
Description	A 'AttributeComparison' is one component element of a 'Comparison' (a subtype of 'Assertion' - a logical sentence) specifies how two entities differ (or are equal) with repect to some AttributeValue. The comparison may be quantitative or qualitative: if qualitative, this can express, for example, that one entity has a greater degree of some QualitativeAttribute than another entity; this allows representation of comparative assertions such as 'SUBJ was longer than OBJ' (or in general 'SUBJ is more ATT than OBJ') without creating a new logical 'greater than' relation for each attribute . For quantitative attributes, an instance of 'AttributeComparison' can specify precisely to what extent the attribute of one entity differs from the same attribute of another entity; for example,one can specify that 'Jack is three inches taller than Jill'. For states of having a comparative or superlative attribute, this can relate that stae to the Thing(s) that the subject of the state is greater or ess than with respect to that attribute. For alternative ways to express certain comparisons, the relations 'isMoreThanByQuantity'; 'isGreaterThan'; and 'isLessThanByQuantity' could be used. This type can be used as a generic comparative relation that can compare any AttributeType that can be meaningfully used in the comparative or superlative Each instance of 'AttributeComparison' will be related to at least four arguments specific for this and related types: the subject: hasSubjectOfComparison the object: hasObjectOfComparison (can be a Group, for superlatives) the AttributeType being compared: hasAttributeOfComparison the difference: hasComparativeDifference (a Difference, DifferenceValue or ComparativeMagnitude - see below) The value for 'hasComparativeDifference'can be qulitative 'More', 'Less') or quantitagive ('3 inches', The Comparison will express a difference of the attribute value of subject minus the commensurate the attribute value of the object; if the property of the subject is greater, the comparison value will be 'More'; if the subject is less than the object, the comparison value will be 'Less'. If the comparison is for quantitative attribute values (e.g. Length), the difference will be a quantity that is obtained by subtracting the value for the object from the value for the subject (in identical units); if the value is positive, the subject will have a greater value than the object for that attribute value. A ComparativeMagnitude will take one of several values: 'More'means SUBJ is greater than OBJ with respect to that attribute 'Less' means SUBJ is less than OBJ with respect to that attribute 'NoDifference' means SUBJ is the same as OBJ with respect to that attribute 'Indistinguishable' means SUBJ cannot be distinguished from OBJ with respect to that attribute, within the accuracy of comaprisons; thus one may have measurements '5.2 feet; and '5.22 feet' and be unable to verify that the accuracy of the comparisons is sufficient to assert that one attribute truly differs from the other. 'NoDifference' means SUBJ is the same as OBJ with respect to that attribute attribute 'MuchLess' means SUBJ is much less than OBJ with respect to that attribute Thus to say 'A is longer than B', e.g. create instance of Comparison named 'AisLongerThanB' append the relations: hasSubjectOfComparison A hasObjectOfComparison B hasAttributeOfComparison Length hasComparativeDifference 'More' NOTE that, if one wants to assert a AttributeComparison that only holds in some TimeInterval, when one creates the instance of AttributeComparison one can also assert it as an instance of TimeSlice and assert the beginning and ending TimePoints (properties inherited from 'TimeSlice'. This type can be extended to include other facets of information for a Comparison. This is a formalization of noun sense 2 of 'comparison' in WordNet: 2. (8) comparison - (relation based on similarities and differences)
Super-classes	Comparison^c
Sub-classes	Contrast^c
In domain of	hasComparativeDifference^op hasSubjectOfComparison^op hasAttributeOfComparison^op

AttributeGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeGroup`
Description	A Group consisting exclusively of '''Attribute''s or ''AttributeType''s. or ''AttributeValue''s and their types. To describe a Group as being similar in some respect, one can create ad hoc a ''SimilarityGroup'' and point to an instance of this type.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (AttributeTypeType^c or AttributeValueType^c or AttributeValue^c or Attribute^c or AttributeType^c)
Sub-classes	AirTemperatureGroup^c RelativeHumidityGroup^c
In range of	areAlikeWRT^op

AttributeRateOfChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeRateOfChange`
Description	participant is the thing changing
Super-classes	ArityGroup^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some RateMeasure^c hasParticipant^op some owl:Thing^c hasAttributeValue^op some AttributeValueType^c atTime^op some (DateTimeExtendedGroup^c or TimeInterval^c)
In range of	hadRateOfChange^op

AttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeType`
Description	An AttributeType is a general category of attribute, i.e. some property that adheres in an object, such as length or mass or color or shape for physical objects. More abstract objects such as sets or groups may have more abstract attributes such as cardinality. The distinction between attributes and relations between entities is not absolute. AttributeTypes include Qualities,which in COSMO can also be ''PersistentState''s - so that the state of 'having' some AttributeValue can be a ''Quality. This reflects the vagueness of 'qualities' that are linguistically expressed in Englsh as (among other ways) 'X-ness' or X-ity' and their relation to other concepts. On the other hand, an ''AttributeValue'' is more narrowly defined and cannot be a ''PersistentState''. COSMO note: The main use of two distinct trees of attribute-related types (AttributeType and AttributeValue) is intended to enable assertions with a linguistic form such as: {Jack has Height {6 feet}) where the second argument 'Height' specifies the general type of attribute, and the value '{6 feet}' specifies the specific attribute value, where 'feet' is a function returning a distance measure. This generic attribute assertion can then be used with other types of attributes, such as: {Jack has Weight {60 kilograms}) and {Car037 has Color RedColor). BFO: ''Attribute'' and ''AttributeType'' and ''AttributeValue'' both appear to be included in BFO 'Quality'. BFO 'Quality': Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). BFO: Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attribute' and sense 3 and 4 of 'property' in WordNet: 1. (2) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property') WN noun 'Property': 3. (138) property - (a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; 'a study of the physical properties of atomic particles') 4. (32) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property')
Super-classes	SpecificallyDependentContinuant^c
Sub-classes	ExistenceAttribute^c Taste^c Virtue^c Rate^c Ability^c PopulationAttributeKind^c InternalAttribute^c Orientation^c Feel^c AssertionConfidence^c Quality^c Texture^c Shape^c Manner^c VitalityAttribute^c LegalityValue^c PhysicalAttribute^c Age^c SensoryAttributeType^c DegreeOfIntensity^c Dimensionality^c Nature^c Importance^c FunctionalAttribute^c MusicalTime^c Odor^c GroupAttribute^c Aspect^c BiologicalAttribute^c AssertionalAttribute^c Value^c Consistence^c FlawedQuality^c Granularity^c
Members	Efficacy Potency

AttributeTypeChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeTypeChange`
Description	Each 'AttributeTypeChange' is a Change in the value for some particular AttributeType for some particular PhysicalObject. The AttributeType that changes needs to be specified.
Super-classes	Change^c
Restrictions	hadAttributeTypeChanged^op some AttributeTypeType^c
Sub-classes	DisorderingChange^c

AttributeTypeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeTypeType`
Description	AttributeTypeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for AttributeTypes (length, mass), and an argument restriction for various relations on AttributeType types. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op some AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	RelativeAttributeType^c PersonalityTraitType^c QualityType^c
In domain of	takesValue^op
In range of	hasAttributeType^op isaValueOf^op columnValuesHaveAttributeType^op hadAttributeTypeChanged^op
Members	Manner MonetaryCost Flexibility InternalAttribute SenseOfHearing Personality Disparity HavingaCollegeDegree PhysicalAttribute Setup HighBloodPressure PrimaryColor Length TastingAbility Mystique Capacitance FeeForService Age GarmentSize Oiliness Malleability BodyProperty BodyBearing Responsibleness DegreeOfIntensity ShearStrength RhetoricalManner Value RoundShape SupersonicSpeed EmphaticPronunciation RoadToll Granularity Complexion Stamina Volume BodyStrength FitnessForaPurpose NonLiteralManner Blob ScrollShape LevelOfQuality AmorphousShape TouchAbility Taste InsurancePremium Fee Ductility ProductionCapacity Functionattribute Width MetaphoricalManner Color Hardness Texture PriceMarkup Surcharge Suitableness WritingStyle SexAttribute Magnitude Fatness Intonation PhysicalState MonetaryValue VioletColored Breadth ContainerCapacity Trait Grandiloquence ColumnShape PhysicalSize ConvexHullVolume Saintliness Breakability BehavioralManner AngularMomentum PronunciationManner Emphasis Instability TaxiFare Cost Accountability PersonalAppearance MassDensity RetailPrice Bombast HighSpeed Compressibility Worthiness ObjectOrEvent FunctionalAttribute Chi MusicalTime StylishManner Caliber SurfaceAppearance MoneyCharges Combustibility Pressure ReddishColor Flammability DegreeOfOrder GroupAttribute Momentum ToneOfVoice Fare Haste AskingPrice Size Volatility Phraseology AssertionConfidence LiteraryForm HighAltitude Equality Countenance Cadence PhysicalAppearance Length-LongestDimension PeriodicCharge MannerOfUsage CredibilityAttribute Stature BiologicalAttribute AssertionalAttribute ElectricalCharge TensileStrength FlawedQuality NumericalDensity SuperiorSkill Chastity Inflection MoralVirtue VitalityAttribute Significance LegalityValue Versification Resilience FlashPoint MannerOfSpeaking ImpressiveAppearance AngleSize HealthyAppearance Temperature SensoryAttributeType Interest-Monetary Toxicity AssetValue Price Virtue Rate Ability ElectricalResistance BodyFitness SmellingAbility Excessiveness Posture Range PopulationAttributeKind Depth Accent Speed LotusPosition Swiftness Convenience Merit Height AttributeType BloodPressure Diameter Dimensionality Orientation Restraint Distinctiveness LinguisticManner Immoderateness Mass Density Strength CaptivityAttribute Guise Inequality PublicFace Prowess Elasticity Toughness Nature Consistence GasPressure WireGauge Altitude Feel Silhouette Dues Viscosity Importance Pong Proximateness Aura Qualification ExistenceAttribute Distance SchoolTuition Cardinality Reliability AngularShape Area HeterogeneityAttribute Tax Thickness Commonality Mileage Obesity Stiffness Stability Shape PollingResultType Elevation Superfluity Circumference Odor Valuation SurfaceAttribute AtmosphericPressure Softness PoeticRhythm SurfaceFinish

AttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeValue`
Description	An AttributeValue is the actual value of some AttributeType possessed by some object, such as six feet for a length, or red for a color. Individual AttributeValues are represented as Types (classes) in COSMO, not as instances. IMPORTANT NOTE: the values represented by each of these AttributeValue Types are here viewed as a region ('Quality Space') in which the actual particular value (see Type 'Quality') is located. Thus one may say an object has a 'Red' color, but later refine the description to say it has a 'Fire Red' color. The 'Fire Red' is also a color region, contained within the 'Red' color region. Related concepts: Quality - (any instance of 'QualityType') the nominalized form of AttributeValues which are lexicalized as adjectives Thus: Quality isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute AttributeValue AttributeValue isAnAttributeOfSomethingWithQuality Quality Trait PersistentState(Feeling/HavingAnAttribute) AttributeValue Trait isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait Trait AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing PersistentState(any EventType) AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling Feeling/FeelingType Feeling isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue For quantitative measures, representing attributes as classes allows approximate measures to be built in to the ontology itself. One may specify a range for a measure, and any other measure within or overlapping that range can be considered as 'indistinguishable from' (not 'equal to') the other measure. NOTE on TROPES: Although the values pointed to by a 'hasAttributeValue' relation are Classes (types), this representation still allows one to view the attributes held by specific Objects at specific times as individual instancess (i.e. 'tropes') of an Attribute (e.g. the 'blueness' of a particular ball). . . but since, due to observational inaccuracy, we can only specify 'regions' within which the actual individual instancess (i.e. 'tropes') may lie, using types as regions likely more closely reflects the reality of human experience than trying to represent the tropes directly; so in COSMO (as of rev1015) tropes are not explicitly represented. They can be added for particular domains if needed. The Synonym 'Quality' is represented in this version (which see), but not used drectly; it may be redefined to represent tropes when they are required. NOTE: under consideration - the possibility of expressing the possession of an attribute for some interval of time by creating instances of AttributeValue or of Attribute that are also TimeSlices, with the time interval of the TimeSlice representing the time interval during which the Attribute was had. This has an advantage over using TimeSlice to create 4D TimeSlices of an object, and then attributing an Attribute to it - in that one need not create new instances of an Object, which may not be easily associated with the 3D object. NOTE that the noinalized form of an AttributeValue is repreented as a subtype of ''Quality'' in COSMO. ''Quality'' in COSMO is assigned to the WN sense 1 of 'quality'. That sense is included here, with the understanding that subtypes of ''AttributeValue'' will be lexicalized as attributes. BFO: ''Attribute'' and ''AttributeType'' and ''AttributeValue'' appears to be included in BFO 'Quality'. BFO 'Quality': Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). BFO: Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee Includes sense 1 and 3 of 'quality' (an attribute) and sense 2 of 'attribute' and noun sense 3 of 'property' in Wordnet: WN noun 'attribute: 2. (1) attribute - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity) WN noun 'quality' 1. (42) quality - (an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone; 'the quality of mercy is not strained'--Shakespeare) 3. (12) quality, character, lineament - (a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something; 'each town has a quality all its own'; 'the radical character of our demands') WN noun 'property': 3. (138) property - (a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; 'a study of the physical properties of atomic particles')
Super-classes	SpecificallyDependentContinuant^c
Sub-classes	SolubilityValue^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c BandOfValues^c SoundQuality^c TouchAcuity^c ConsciousnessAttribute^c Tendency^c VisualProperty^c TwoArgumentValue^c SalientCharacteristic^c ObservedValue^c LocationOrOrientationAttribute^c VisualAcuity^c QualitativePriceValue^c StabilityValue^c Difference^c NatureAttribute^c Characteristic^c HearingAcuity^c SurfaceAttributeValue^c InternalAttributeValue^c OdorSensitivity^c TastingAcuity^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c SubstanceRatio^c Intensity^c Detectable^c PopulationCharacteristic^c VaporPressure^c ExpectedValue^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c Ethos^c
In range of	limitsPropertyToValue^op

AttributeValueChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeValueChange`
Description	Each 'AttributeValueChange' is a Change (Difference) in the value for some particular AttributeType for some particular PhysicalObject. The AttributeType that changes needs to be specified. As a subtype of 'change' the values of the AttributeValue before and after the change are specified by relations 'hasFirstElement' (value before) and 'hasSecondElement' (value after)
Super-classes	Change^c
Restrictions	hadAttributeTypeChanged^op some (AttributeTypeType^c or AttributeValueType^c)
Sub-classes	ColorChange^c

AttributeValueType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeValueType`
Description	AttributeValueType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of AttributeValue as their argument.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c owl:Class^c
Sub-classes	WetnessType^c QuantitativeAttributeType^c HumanAttributeType^c VolumeType^c ViscosityType^c QualitativeAttributeType^c CausativeAttributeType^c MeasureType^c DifferenceType^c MeasurableQuantityType^c ProrityType^c
In domain of	isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo^op isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced^op isTheComparativeOfAttribute^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf^op isTheAttributeOfAnAgentEngagedIn^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience^op isaValueOf^op isTheAttributeOfAnAnimalUnlikelyToUndergo^op hasTheAttributeNominalForm^dp hasDefaultVariance^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingModifiedBy^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingProducedBy^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausedBy^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingEmitting^op
In range of	takesValue^op mayCauseObjectToBecome^op mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute^op isTheComparativeOfAttribute^op isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute^op objectHasAttributeAfter^op mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute^op objectHasAttributeBefore^op hasAttributeBefore^op mayCauseAttribute^op hasAttributeAfter^op subjectHasAttributeAfter^op isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op
Members	Scholarly Forensic Athletic Moronic Medicinal Lux TimeDependentQuantity Infectious Innovative Exuberant Pastoral Cerebral-Intellectual BinocularVision Follow-up Motivational Congressional Vitality Vietnamese Thai Molecular Iranian Algerian ColorProperty Dominican Curricular VaporPressure ComparativeMagnitude Generating QuantityAndDifference Metabolic Pedagogical ConfidenceLevel Ancestral Feministic Microscopical Greek HumanCompatibility Deficit Cross-Cultural Soviet Shrewd WeightPercent Due Suicidal Irresistible Volcanic Neuronal Tropical GoodLooking Managed Archaeological Parental Honorable Robotic Mid Patriotic Single-Family Thunderous Stranded Civic Feasible HighlyInfluential Insulting Forcefulness Ethnographic Freshwater Serbian Democratic-OfTheParty AirTemperature Byzantine GroupVariation Pascal Two-Hour Seductive AwareOfSomething Institutional Two-Day NonReligious Georgian VoiceCharacter FreshmanYear Causal EyeOpening Episcopal Arabian KilowattHour IncompetentlyPerformed AttributeVariation Sexual Late-Night Brazilian Pathologic Missed Responsive Arctic Ugly Informational Autobiographical SocioPolitical Dreamy Fundamentalist Abusive Communal Ethiopian Clergical SenseOfVision Heterogeneity Vocational Nuclear-Cellular BandOfValues Sievert VerticallyOrdered PercentNumber FingerprintAttribute Tangible Multicultural NonProfit Celtic Instructional Biodiversity Metropolitan InspiringHope Electromagnetic Lithuanian Nineteenth-century Impolite American Entrepreneurial Autocratic LinearlyOrdered Lucid Scandinavian Volt Papal Geological Inner-City Managerial Arcadian Mastery Predicted SoundQuality Evangelical Deafening Bittersweet SweetlyPleasant Theological Spatial Feminine Allergical Scottish EffectivenessValue VolumePercent Owed UsedInIndustry Nutritional Accusatory Afterlife Territorial Relational Axillary Availability Inherited Interdisciplinary LogicallyContradictory Penal Tempting Coastal Vital Cosmic Venetian Medieval Gray Inviting Makeshift Brunt Hysterical Siouan Vocal Philippine Czech Antitank Low-Income CoreNuclear Ambitious Binary MultiMillionDollar Scheming SubSaharan Starting Ministerial StabilityValue Textual Parisian Haitian Biographical Venezuelan Restoring Bureaucratic AgeValue HabituallyOptimistic Mexican Chilean Temperate Mormon Post-Colonial Brilliant Nuclear Offshore Caribbean Hispanic Asian Demographic Authenticated SocialStatusAttribute Somali Compositional TreatedAsProperty Splendid VerbalQuantifier Ministerial-Government ConsideredInferior Weber PlaneAngleMeasure Chemotherapeutic Anatomical Austrian Bosnian SurfaceAttributeValue African Pensive Georgian-US Marxist HearingAcuity VaporPressureGroup Monetary Collegial Metonymic PoundForce Solar Jewish Educational Classical On-Screen ChemicallyBasic Anticipating Elective KiloCalorie Compatibility Empirical Lunar TouchSensitive Subsidized Gorgeous ObservedValue Biblical AppearanceAttribute Imaginative SolubilityValue Semisweet Third-Party Generational Magnetical Dire PopulationCharacteristicDistribution Portuguese Renal Three-Hour Olympic Cochlear Schizophrenical Naval Argentine British Effective Marine German GovermentControlled Intravenous Taiwanese Baltic Grotesque Alaskan Dirtiness VisualAcuity Bacterial Hydraulic Expected Kuwaiti Behavioral Scope Metric Maritime Indebted Pragmatic Pretty Henry Eighteenth-century Sociological Belgian Orthopedic Civil Christian Separated Lebanese TwoArgumentValue European Distribution Stunning Hawaiian Aerial Radian Polar Supervisory AltitudeValue Welsh Probatory TreatedAsDependent Israeli Bucolic EventAttributeValue LifeSpan Imbecilic Evolutionary Ohm Marooned Instrumental ConsideredDangerous Humanitarian Administrative Swedish WideEyed IcedWithFrosting Four-Day MutuallyExclusive Sequential Californian Extracurricular Peruvian BritishThermalUnit Colonial Siemens Budgetary MillionDollar SubstanceRatio Functional Intensity UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity Disciplinal Cognitive White-Collar Contagious Ineffective TurnedOff Committed Immune Linguistic Alarmed Danish High-Tech Totalitarian Marginal Normative Circulatory Three-Day AverageHumidity Photographic English Bicultural MaleDominated Artistic Unattractive Schizophrenic Tribal OrderingRelation WhisperingQuality Voluptuous Trim AgeAtDate Cuban Oceanic PopulationCharacteristic Architectural Microbial Digital One-Day SmallForaLynx Dazzling Midwestern Collaborative Organizational Disciplinary InterveningInSpace Antarctic Ampere Gravitational InterveningInTime LongRange ExpectedValue RomanCatholic Collegiate Imperial Andean Oriental Dental Angled Swiss Palestinian Slender Pakistani Systems Sentencing Surgical Working-Class EasternOrthodox Tantalizing Finnish Spectral Darwinian Newton Mechanical QualitativePriceValue Littered Calorie VisualProperty Postal FeelingAttribute WeightRatio Armenian Sex Choral Popular-ByThePeople ConsideredCrazy BudgetDeficit Halfway Broadband One-Person Clerical AttributeValue Implied Retail Loud Erg EmergingIntoExistence Main-Line Nagging Pessimistic Thorough Albanian Deadly Sporting Recreational Iconic Enticing Psychiatric NatureAttribute Rude Shiitic Appellate Interactive Presbyterian Alpine Overcrowded Guatemalan Yugoslav Manic Informative Marital PopularityRating Swinish Overdue Kurdish Jesuitic Loyal Inexpensive Candela Cardiovascular Corporate Soft-Sound Farad NowTillDeadline Conceptual Tesla Martial Appalachian Twentieth-century Philharmonic Revealing Norwegian Faithful Amish VitalityAttributeValue Colonized Jordanian VolumeRatio Isolated InternalAttributeValue RelativeHumidity LessThanTheAverage Influential Beautiful Anthropological OdorSensitivity Irish Inlandly MultiEthnic AverageAirTemperature Sensorial Cerebral ComparativeAttributeValue Rural HeldInContempt Neural VeryFertile Extraterrestrial Spectacular Mathematical Lutheran TouchAcuity Policy-Making Dedicated Botanical Vicious Islamic Advisory Expectant Deferential Tibetan Plausible TurnedOn TwoStorey Boorish Virulent Latin Slavelike Norman Lethal Egyptian DeepForaDish Situational Saintly Differential Hard-core One-Hour StunninglyBeautiful Cavernous Diversity Gentle Nigerian Intoxicated Prototypical Viral Sudanese Political TouchingGentle Saline Optimistic Industrial Romanian Racing-Attribute LengthMeasure BiologicalAttributeValue Grazing Common-Law TastingAcuity Prospective Long-Distance Hallmark Moroccan Polish Continental AvailableTime Mediterranean ElectronVolt Clamorous Payable Saudi Herbal Shamefaced Joule Long-Range Atomic Alone OpinionDistribution Hollow Tendency Republican Croatian Frothy ExistenceValue Basic Agnostic Jamaican Lumen Sophomore Colombian Cervical Advanced-Modern GranularityValue Indonesian Gubernatorial Cinematic PsychologicalAttribute G-force AttractivenessValue

AttributeVariation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeVariation`
Description	Each 'AttributeVariation' is an Attribute of a Group in which the element that varies is an AttributeType
Super-classes	GroupVariation^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some AttributeTypeType^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RainbowColorTypes

AttributingQualities^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributingQualities`
Description	''AttributingQualities'' is a ''Categorizing'' Action in which some thing or type of thing is asserted to have a certain Quality or Attribute, which as a logical consequence assigns it to the category of things having that Attribute. `Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'attribute' (for attibutes) and sense 1 of 'attribution' in WordNet: 1. (16) impute, ascribe, assign, attribute - (attribute or credit to; 'We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare'; 'People impute great cleverness to cats') WN noun 'attribution' (part, for qualities or attributes): 1. attribution, ascription - (assigning some quality or character to a person or thing; 'the attribution of language to birds'; 'the ascription to me of honors I had not earned')`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c AttributingSomethingToSomebody^c Categorizing^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some (AttributeType^c or AttributeTypeType^c or AttributeValueType^c)

AttributingSomethingToSomebody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributingSomethingToSomebody`
Description	Each ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts that some Agent (which could be the agent speaking) is responsible (in some sense) for something - the creation of an Object or performing or causing some Event. This is more general than ''AssigningResponsibility'' but the latter is used to assign responsibility for some situation (reather than an Object, included in this type), and ''AssigningResponsibility'' distinguished between things that are considered good or bad, whereas this type is neutral with respect to approval of third parties. This can be expressed generically as 'somebody said that somebody did something'. That latter part after the 'that' can often also be expressed by some relation equivalent to a verb of Action. This allows the 'assignment' assertion itself to be attributed to some agent, the 'Actor' in the ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' assertion. NOTE: the part of the WN synset that appear sto assign qualities is represented by the subtype @oDo1297: perhaps a more generic ''asserting that someone did something' could be created? This is pretty general. For attributing of 'responsibility' (good or bad) use subtype ''AssigningResponsibility''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attribute' in WordNet: 1. (16) impute, ascribe, assign, attribute - (attribute or credit to; 'We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare'; 'People impute great cleverness to cats')
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c Informing^c
Restrictions	isaResponsibilityOf^op some IntelligentAgent^c hasTopic^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	AttributingQualities^c AttributingaCreator^c Quoting^c AssigningResponsibility^c

AttributingaCause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributingaCause`
Description	''AttributingaCause'' is a ''AssertingEvent'' in which a Person asserts that some Event or Situation is caused by something - an Event or Attribute of a thing. This may be quite informal and is broadly applicable to any kind of hypothesizing or ''Theorizing'' about a phenomenon in which the hypothesis is about the cause of the thing. NOTE:this WN synset conflates two kinds of 'causal' events, creating an artifact, and causing an Event. This type ''AttributingaCause'' represents NOTE: for 'attributing' an Object or Action to some Person (such as authorship) uses the relation 'AttributingSomethingToSomebody' or (for creators) its subtype ''AttributingaCreator''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'attribution' in WordNet: 2. attribution, ascription - (assigning to a cause or source; 'the attribution of lighting to an expression of God's wrath'; 'he questioned the attribution of the painting to Picasso')
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c Theorizing^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Hypothesizing^c

AttributingaCreator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributingaCreator`
Description	''AttributingaCreator'' is a ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' in which a Person asserts that some ''Object'' (abstract or physical) was created by a particular Person. This can be applied broadly to creators of Art works or of InformationObjects (books or articles) or other types of artifacts, such as engineering objects or structures or designs for PhysicalObjects. NOTE:this WN synset conflates two kinds of 'causal' events, creating an artifact, and causing an Event. This type ''AttributingaCreator'' represents an asserting that someone created some Artifact. NOTE: the relation 'hasDirectObject' is used to express the logical structure of an assertion assigning a creator in the form 'X created Y' where the direct object is the thing created. In a sentence such as 'X asserted that Y created Z', 'Z' would be the direct object, but the for sentences such as 'X assigned text Y to Z' nieither the grammatical relation direct object 'Y' nor the grammatical indirect object 'Z' is not directly specified by the 'hasDirectObject' relation. Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'attribute' (for creators) and part of sense 2 of 'attribution' in WordNet: 1. (16) impute, ascribe, assign, attribute - (attribute or credit to; 'We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare'; 'People impute great cleverness to cats') WN noun 'attribution' (part, for creators): 2. attribution, ascription - (assigning to a cause or source; 'the attribution of lighting to an expression of God's wrath'; 'he questioned the attribution of the painting to Picasso')
Super-classes	AttributingSomethingToSomebody^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some Creator^c

AttuningOeself^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttuningOeself`
Description	''AttuningOeself'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which a ''Person'' changes hisher 'Behavior'' to conform to different external conditions, whether due to a changing external situation or moving to a new place. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attune' in Wordnet: 1. (1) attune - (adjust or accustom to; bring into harmony with)`
Super-classes	Adjusting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Behavior^c wasaResponseToEvent^op value BecomingEvent^c hasDirectObject^op value Self^c

Auburn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Auburn`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'auburn' in WordNet: 1. auburn - ((of hair) colored a moderate reddish-brown; 'auburn hair')`
Super-classes	Brownish^c Reddish^c HairColorValue^c

Auction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Auction`
Description	An ''Auction'' is a ''Selling''at which a Group of potential buyers (bidders) convey bids (by voice or any other means) to an 'auctioneer' within some limited time period, competing against each other for the right to purchase by increasing their bids until no other bidder will offer a greater price, at which point the last bidder becomes partner in a contract to buy the item offered. `The verb'auction' can be construed as a 'selling' - @ToDo: add and relate the two aspects? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'auction' in WordNet: 2. auction, auction sale, vendue - (the public sale of something to the highest bidder) WN verb 'auction': 1. auction, auction off, auctioneer - (sell at an auction)`
Super-classes	Selling^c Competition^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Bidding^c

Audacious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Audacious`
Description	''Audacious'' is an intensive level of ''Courageous''. boldness, daring, hardiness, hardihood Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'audacious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) audacious, brave, dauntless, fearless, intrepid, unfearing - (invulnerable to fear or intimidation; 'audacious explorers'; 'fearless reporters and photographers'; 'intrepid pioneers')
Super-classes	Courageous^c

Audacity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Audacity

Description

''Audacity'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' of ''Boldness'' that encourages taking big risks.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'audacity' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) audacity, audaciousness, temerity - (fearless daring)

Super-classes Boldness^c

Audible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Audible`
Description	'Audible' is an AttributeValue of a Sound that can be heard by an animal's ear. Sounds that are too far away will not be 'Audible' in this sense. This AttributeValue will be true or not depending on circumstances, such as being in the right location, so it needs to be interpreted as 'Audible to some specific person(s)' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'audible' in WordNet: 1. (2) audible, hearable - (heard or perceptible by the ear; 'he spoke in an audible whisper')`
Super-classes	Perceivable^c
Sub-classes	HighPitched^c

AudiblePitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudiblePitch`
Description
Super-classes	Pitch^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some NumberRange^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Audible^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowPitch http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighPitch

AudibleSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudibleSound`
Description	A specialization of #$Sound. Each instance of this collection is a sound which is audible to most instances of #$Animal under normal conditions. `To be ''Audible'' a ''Sound'' needs to have adequate intensity and a frequency (pitch) within the audible range. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'sound' in WordNet: 1. (36) sound - (the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause; 'the sound of rain on the roof'; 'the beautiful sound of music')`
Super-classes	Sound^c
Sub-classes	Vroom^c HummingSound^c RingingSound^c KnockingSound^c CrunchingSound^c Wailing^c LowPitchSound^c Pop^c AnimalSound^c Noise^c RustlingSound^c CrashingSound^c ClappingSound^c Bong^c Snap^c WhackingSound^c Click^c BuzzingSound^c Laughter^c RumblingSound^c Ping^c Music^c Honk^c Beep^c Cackle^c BoomingSound^c Echo^c ThrobbingSound^c Speech^c Thud^c GooseHonk^c Sigh^c WhistlingSound^c DrummingSound^c Tweet^c Hiss^c AlarmSound^c InternalBodySounds^c Grunt^c Footfall^c SoundInformationBearingThing^c

Audience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Audience`
Description	A subtype of 'GroupOfPeople', being those to whom a Communication is addressed, i.e. those whom the agent doing the communicating wants to hear (or read or view) the Communication. The Audience is a ''GroupOfPeople'' but that Group could have as few as one member. `NOTE that a Communication could be addressed to an animal or automaton (Siri??) but this ''Audence'' is for People only. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'audience' in WordNet: 2. (9) audience - (the part of the general public interested in a source of information or entertainment; 'every artist needs an audience'; 'the broadcast reached an audience of millions')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isTheIntendedAudienceOf^op some (Communication^c or ExposingToView^c or Performance^c or EntertainmentEvent^c or ShowingSomething^c)
Sub-classes	MassAudience^c Readership^c

Audience-Hearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Audience-Hearing`
Description	A ''Audience-Hearing'' is a ''Meeting'' that is an ''Opportunity'' for one Person to present a case for some Action to another Person or group. The Person to whom the case is presented presumably has some kind of power or authority to make things happen. `The second part of the WN gloss refers to a different sense of 'audience' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'audience' in WordNet: 3. hearing, audience - (an opportunity to state your case and be heard; 'they condemned him without a hearing'; 'he saw that he had lost his audience')`
Super-classes	Opportunity^c Meeting^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op value Appointment^c

AudienceOfSpectators^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudienceOfSpectators`
Description	An''AudienceOfSpectators'' is an ''Audience'' consisting of a 'GroupOfPeople' gathered together within direct hearing distance (with loudspeakers, that can be a large stadium or field) to at least hear, and possibly to see, some agent in person or otherwise transmit a communication by voice or sight. This includes performances at dramas, movies, and music concerts, but not the audience watching or listening only over some electronic communication medium. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audience' in WordNet: 1. (60) audience - (a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance; 'the audience applauded'; 'someone in the audience began to cough')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isTheIntendedAudienceOf^op some (Communication^c or ExposingToView^c or Performance^c or EntertainmentEvent^c or ShowingSomething^c)
Sub-classes	GalleryOfSpectators^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManoletesAudience19470829

AudioCommunicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudioCommunicating`
Description	A specialization of #$Communicating. Each instance of #$AudioCommunicating is a transmission of sound-borne information between two (or more) agents. Specializations of #$AudioCommunicating include #$SpokenCommunicating and #$MusicalCommunicating.
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	SpokenCommunicating^c

AudioConceptualWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudioConceptualWork`
Description	A specialization of #$ConceptualWork. Each instance of #$AudioConceptualWork is an abstract work designed to be instantiated in sound (see #$SoundInformationBearingThing). Notable specializations include #$MusicalComposition and #$Album-CW.
Super-classes	ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	MusicalComposition^c Coda^c

AudioEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudioEquipment`
Description	See subtype ''AudioSystem'' for the main use of this CYC element. `CYC: A collection of electronic devices. An instance of #$AudioEquipment is a device that may be used in audio recording, playback, amplification, and/or reception. This collection doesn't include musical instruments. It does include both self-contained systems, e.g. boom boxes, and individual stereo components, such as microphones, amplifiers, etc.`
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c
Sub-classes	AudioSystem^c

AudioSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudioSignal`
Description	An ''AudioSignal'' is a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' that carries the ''Sound'' component of a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' that may have other components, such as the video signal in a Television broadcast. `NOTE that this signal does not have to be transmitted through the air, it could be transmitted over some form of cable - metal or optical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audio' in WordNet: 1. audio, sound - (the audible part of a transmitted signal; 'they always raise the audio for commercials')`
Super-classes	TransmittedRadioSignal^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value TransmittedRadioSignal^c hasInformationContent^op value Sound^c

AudioSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudioSystem`
Description	An ''AudioSystem'' is a ''FunctionalSystem'' that converts sound to electrical signals or electrical signals from some electrical devices or components into sound. The subtype that converts electric signals to sound is the ''SpeakerSystem''. `CYC: The collection of all audio systems, characterized by having an audio amplifier, some kind of speaker (which may be headphones), and some sound producing component such as a radio receiver or tape deck mechanism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audio system' in WordNet: 1. (1) audio system, sound system - (a system of electronic equipment for recording or reproducing sound)`
Super-classes	AudioEquipment^c ElectroAcousticTransducer^c FunctionalSystem^c Equipment^c
Sub-classes	iPod^c SpeakerSystem^c ElectronicSystem^c Jukebox^c Radio^c

Audiologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Audiologist`
Description	An expert on measuring hearing ability.
Super-classes	Otologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Audiology^c

Audiology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Audiology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audiology' in WordNet: 1. audiology, audiometry - (the measurement of hearing)`
Super-classes	Otology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Hearing^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value Audiologist^c

AuditReport^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuditReport

Description

An ''AuditReport'' is a 'ReportDocument' that presents the results of an ''AuditingaFinancialDocument'' Action.

  NOTE: the WN gloss is not completely unambiguous about whether that
     sense is an Action or the resutig document.  This sense is interpreted
     as the **written document** resulting from an ''AuditingaFinancialDocument''
     Action.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audit' in WordNet:
       1. (2) audited account, audit - 
          (an inspection of the accounting procedures and records by
          a trained accountant or CPA)

Super-classes ReportDocument^c

AuditingaCourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuditingaCourse`
Description	''AuditingaClass'' is the Action of a single Person (not necessarily a Student) attending a series of Classes in one school sesson, without registering for credit. @TODo: need to specify the course! `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'audit' in WordNet: 2. audit - (attend academic courses without getting credit)`
Super-classes	AttendingaSocialEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value ClassSession^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Person^c occurredAt^op some (GenericLocation^c or SchoolBuilding^c or Classroom^c)

AuditingaFinancialDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuditingaFinancialDocument`
Description	An ''AuditingaFinancialDocument'' is a scrutiny by some ''Auditor'' of some financial statement who could represent a private firm or the gvernment, followed by writing an ''AuditReport'' with the results of the analysis. The purpose may be for internal records, or to meet some legal requirement. the auditor may certify the correctness of the record, with or without caveats. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'audit' in WordNet: 1. (1) audit, scrutinize, scrutinise, inspect - (examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification; 'audit accounts and tax returns')`
Super-classes	AnalyzingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectAnalyzed^op only (AccountingRecord^c or Document-Physical^c or TaxReturn^c or ObjectType^c) produces^op some AuditReport^c

Auditor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Auditor`
Description	An ''Auditor'' is a professonal ''Person'' who has performed an ''AuditingaFinancialDocument'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'auditor' in WordNet: 3. auditor - (a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a business or other organization)`
Super-classes	Person^c Accountant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AuditingaFinancialDocument^c

Auditorium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Auditorium`
Description	A ''Hall'' designed for assemblies of more than a few people in a school, theater or concert hall, or in any other building where such a large room is referred to as an ''Auditorium''. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'auditorium' in WordNet: 1. (3) auditorium - (the area of a theater or concert hall where the audience sits)`
Super-classes	Hall^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet^dp value 2000.0^c hasCharacteristicActivity^op value PublicAssembly^c
Sub-classes	Gymnatorium^c

Auditory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Auditory`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'auditory' in Wordnet: 1. auditory, audile, auditive - (of or relating to the process of hearing; 'auditory processing'; 'an audile person')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

AuditoryCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuditoryCommunication`
Description	This is the abstract ''message'' communicated by a ''Speaking'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auditory communication' in WordNet: 1. auditory communication - (communication that relies on hearing)`
Super-classes	AbstractInformationStore^c Message^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Speaking^c wasTransferredInEvent^op value Speaking^c

AuditoryOssicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuditoryOssicle`
Description	Seems to be the same as the meaning of CYC 'EarBone', that has no specifics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auditory ossicle' in WordNet: 1. auditory ossicle - (ossicles of the middle ear that transmit acoustic vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear)`
Super-classes	SmallBone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value EarCanal^c
Sub-classes	Stapes^c Malleus^c Incus^c

AuditorySensation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuditorySensation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auditory sensation' in WordNet: 1. sound, auditory sensation - (the subjective sensation of hearing something; 'he strained to hear the faint sounds')`
Super-classes	Sensation^c

Augmenting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Augmenting

Description

''Augmenting'' is the act of making something larger in number, size, intensity or almost anything. Very close in meaning to 'increase'. The term 'augment' may be used just to avoid the more common word.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'augment' in WordNet:
          1. (8) augment - (enlarge or increase;
             'The recent speech of the president augmented tensions in the Near East')

Super-classes CausingAnIncrease^c

August^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#August

Description

The Class of all Months which are August.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'August' in WordNet:
      1. (15) August, Aug - (the month following July and preceding September)

Super-classes Month^c

Aunt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aunt

Description

The sister of a Mother or Father.

Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aunt' in WordNet:
 1. (4) aunt, auntie, aunty - (the sister of 
    your father or mother; the wife of your uncle)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
BiologicalRelation^c

Aura^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aura`
Description	An ''Aura'' is a ''Quality'' of some Object or Place that causes some ''Feeling''in people present. This is vague, and will affect different people differently, if at all. `When it is given off by a group of people, it can be a ''SocialAmbiance''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'aura' in WordNet: 3. air, aura, atmosphere - (a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing; 'an air of mystery'; 'the house had a neglected air'; 'an atmosphere of defeat pervaded the candidate's headquarters'; 'the place had an aura of romance')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Quality^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Feeling^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Distinctive^c
Sub-classes	SocialAmbiance^c Mystique^c

Aurochs^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aurochs

Description

The extinct single common ancestor of every breed of #$Cattle-Domestic.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aurochs' in WordNet:
          2. aurochs, urus, Bos primigenius - 
             (large recently extinct long-horned European wild ox;
             considered one of the ancestors of domestic cattle)

Super-classes Bovine^c
Ruminant^c

Aurora^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aurora`
Description	Light phenomena near the Earth's poles, often rapidly moving. `Because this is not a well-defined Object, it is classified here as a ''LightEmissionPhenomenon'', a ''Phenomenon'' (located in the ''Sky'') that emits multicolored light. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'aurora' in Wordnet: 2. aurora - (an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force)`
Super-classes	LightEmissionPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Sky^c emits^op value MulticoloredLight^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MovingLinearly^c

Auspice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Auspice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auspice' in WordNet: 1. auspice - (a favorable omen)`
Super-classes	Omen^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureBenefit^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Favorable^c

Auspices^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Auspices

Description

''Endorsement'' is an Action in which one IntelligentAgent (Person or Organization)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auspices' in WordNet:
          1. auspices, protection, aegis - (kindly endorsement and guidance;
            'the tournament was held under the auspices of the city council')

Super-classes Endorsement^c

Austere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Austere`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'austere' in Wordnet: 1. (1) austere, severe, stark, stern - (severely simple; 'a stark interior')`
Super-classes	Uncomplicated^c

Australian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Australian`
Description	A Person native to or living in Australia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Australian' in WordNet: 1. Australian, Aussie - (a native or inhabitant of Australia)`
Super-classes	Inhabitant^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Australia^c
Sub-classes	Aborigine^c

AustralianSnapperFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AustralianSnapperFish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'snapper' in WordNet: 4. snapper, Chrysophrys auratus - (Australian food fish having a pinkish body with blue spots)`
Super-classes	Species^c SnapperFish^c

Austrian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Austrian

Description

''Austrian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Austria'' or a ''AustrianPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'A'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Austrian' in WordNet:
      1. (1) Austrian - (of or relating to Austria or its people or culture; 'Austrian music')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AustrianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AustrianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Austrian' in WordNet: 1. Austrian - (a native or inhabitant of Austria)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Austria^c

Authentic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authentic`
Description	''Authentic'' is a property of some Object whose source is an important property - an antique, a rare item, an item made by some famous agent (person or company), which might be copied. A copy being passed off as an original would be 'counterfeit'. The state of not being a 'copy' of something is represented as the subAttribute ''Genuine''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'authentic' in Wordnet: 2. (6) authentic, bona fide, unquestionable, veritable - (not counterfeit or copied; 'an authentic signature'; 'a bona fide manuscript'; 'an unquestionable antique'; 'photographs taken in a veritable bull ring')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Authenticated^c Genuine^c

Authenticated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authenticated

Description

''Authenticated'' is the property of something that has been verified to be ''Genuine'' by a ''Authenticating'' Action.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'authenticated' in Wordnet:
        1. attested, authenticated, documented - (established as genuine)

Super-classes Authentic^c

Authenticating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authenticating`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'authenticate' in WordNet: 1. (1) authenticate - (establish the authenticity of something)`
Super-classes	ConfirmingaFact^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Authenticated^c usesResource^op value AuthenticationSource^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Probatory^c

AuthenticationMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuthenticationMark`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authentication' in WordNet: 1. authentication, hallmark, assay-mark - (a mark on an article of trade to indicate its origin and authenticity)`
Super-classes	Mark^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Authenticity^c

AuthenticationSource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuthenticationSource`
Description	COSMO: An Authentication Source is interpreted as an Identifier, which is an AbstractSymbolicObject. In Cyc this was used for some PhysicalObjects, but in COSMO only symbolic objects will be instances. Images or patterns of PhysicalObjects would fill the role of 'AuthenticationSource' in COSMO. `Cyc: #$AuthenticationSource, a subset of #$TemporalThing, is the collection of sources which can be used for authentication events. Notable subsets include #$Fingerprint and #$Retina.`
Super-classes	Identifier^c Role^c
Sub-classes	Fingerprint^c RetinalImage^c

Authenticity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authenticity`
Description	''Authenticity'' is a state of something - usually an Object - that is ''Authentic''. There is no limit to the types of things that can be classified as 'authentic', but this is typically used for rare artifacts or rare natural objects. `" It's the real thing. " Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authenticity' in WordNet: 1. (7) authenticity, genuineness, legitimacy - (undisputed credibility)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Authentic^c

Author^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Author`
Description	The kind of people that have written a prose composition, for example students, professional writers. Authors are NOT necessary professionals (see #$Writer) as they don't necessarily do it for pay, or do it as a central job related activity. `COSMO note: the 'author' of a musical composition would be termed a 'composer' in this ontology. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'author' in WordNet: 1. (38) writer, author - (writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)) 2. (6) generator, source, author - (someone who originates or causes or initiates something; 'he was the generator of several complaints')`
Super-classes	Creator^c HumanRole^c Communicator^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op some (TextualMaterial^c or AbstractText^c or Proposition^c or ConceptualWork^c or PlayScript^c)
Sub-classes	ProfessionalAuthor^c AuthorOfRecord^c AnonymousAuthor^c Composer^c Poet^c Coauthor^c Writer^c Coauthors^c Songwriter^c
In domain of	isTheAuthorOf^op
In range of	wasAuthoredBy^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThomasJefferson http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeatrixPotter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarryAllard http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#J.M.Barrie

AuthorOfRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuthorOfRecord`
Description	An AuthorOfRecord is the agent that is recorded as the official 'Author' of some document. It may be a person, or an Organization, or a Group, or even a machine that automatically created some document.
Super-classes	Author^c Role^c IntelligentAgent^c

Authoritarian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authoritarian`
Description	This is not just for heads of government - other uses which may seem metaphorical are included here. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authoritarian' in WordNet: 1. authoritarian, dictator - (a person who behaves in an tyrannical manner; 'my boss is a dictator who makes everyone work overtime')`
Super-classes	Oppressor^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Oppressing^c
Sub-classes	Dictator^c

Authority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authority`
Description	An Authority is an IntelligentAgent who has created a Rule or an Obligation, and can enforce it. Usually, the Rule will be communicated to other Agents to follow (for some purpose), but in a special case an Authority (e.g. an individual person) may create a rule intended only for the Authority itself to follow e.g. a personal code of behavior). The Authority may have authority over a small domain - a parent over his/her children, for example, or the leader of a small group whose members consent to follow the rules of the leader. The owner of a property is an Authority for what can be done on that property, and can create a Rule prohibiting actions on that property. In a specialized case, a Group of AgreeingAgents that create an Agreement that has some enforceable character can be the Authority for the Obligations arising from that Agreement. At this point, we allow an 'Authority' to have authority over animals and automatons, so the restriction 'hasAuthorityOver' specifies 'IntentionalAgent' as the object. The agenst over which an instance of 'Authority' has authority (or is 'in authority') must be specified. 'Authority' is a Role, and an individual Agent does not have to be classified as an Authority, unless the Agent participates in some action or relation that requires an Authority. Relations on ControllingAnAgent Authority = Role of agent who can control' has ''ControllingAuthority''/ performs ''BeingInControl'' ''ControllingAuthority'' (authority to control/ SocialPower) = Capability of ''ControllingAnAgent'' Authority performs = ''BeingInControl'' = state/status of having ''ControllingAuthority'' Authority performs = ControllingAnAgent (''Action'' of exercising control over an agent) The closest Wordnet sense is noun senses 2 of 'authority'. but that is restricted to people, and this type includes other IntelligentAgents such as Organizations (e.g. nations). in WordNet: 2. (6) authority - ((usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others; 'the authorities have issued a curfew')
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BeingInControl^c performsAction^op value ControllingAnAgent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Influential^c performsAction^op value MakingaRule^c hasCapability^op value ControllingAuthority^c
Sub-classes	FinalAuthority^c Organization^c LegislativeAuthority^c GovernmentalAuthority^c CodingAuthority^c AgreeingAgents^c StandardsOrganization^c Overlord^c SupervisoryBoard^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecordingAcademy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericGovernment http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademyOfMotionPictureArtsAndSciences

Authorization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authorization`
Description	An ''Authorization'' is a type of Permission that is granted by an ''Authority'' in an ''Authorizing'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authorization' in WordNet: 3. authority, authorization, authorisation, sanction - (official permission or approval; 'authority for the program was renewed several times')`
Super-classes	Permission^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Authorizing^c
Sub-classes	Accreditation^c

Authorized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authorized`
Description	''Authorized'' is the attribute of something ''Approved'' where the approval was issued by some ''Authority''. This is notably an Attribute that characterizes ''Rule''s that create an obligation, and if not obeyed,may lead to negative consequences. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'authorized' in Wordnet: 2. authoritative, authorized, authorised - (sanctioned by established authority; 'an authoritative communique'; 'the authorized biography')`
Super-classes	Important^c Approved^c
Sub-classes	Official^c

AuthorizedAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuthorizedAgreement`
Description	COSMO NOTE: The CYC type ''AuthorizedAgreement'' appears to be a LegalAgreement that is memorialized in some document. This is left in as a potentially useful specalization of ''legalagreement'' (which could be solely oral). CYC: A specialization of #$Agreement. Each instance of #$Agreement is a generic agreement that is authorized by one of the agreeing parties (typically by the issuer of the document embodying the agreement). #$AuthorizedAgreements are generic in the sense that their authorizing agents are party to many similar agreements; for that reason, an #$AuthorizedAgreement is typically given a unique identification number. Notable positive examples include bank accounts, driver's licenses, and stock certificates.
Super-classes	LegalAgreement^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only LegalDocument^c
Sub-classes	Visa-Permit^c Account^c TradeableSecurity^c Patent^c MortgageAgreement^c

Authorizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Authorizing`
Description	''Authorizing'' is a form of 'GrantingPermission'' in which one IntelligentAgent in Authority provides a second agent with formal 'authorization' (not necessarily written) to perform some activity. This is more formal than merely allowing an agent to do something. THe WN gloss seems to emphasize 'clearing for publication' or other actions allowing something to be published. This type is broader than that Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'authorize' in WordNet: 1. (32) authorize, authorise, pass, clear - (grant authorization or clearance for; 'Clear the manuscript for publication'; 'The rock star never authorized this slanderous biography') WN noun 'authorization': 4. authorization, authorisation, empowerment - (the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant)
Super-classes	GrantingPermission^c LinguisticCommunication^c Informing^c ExpressingApproval^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Authorization^c isPerformedBy^op some Authority^c
Sub-classes	Accrediting^c Validating^c

Autism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autism`
Description	An abnormal psychological condition making interpersonal relations difficult. CYC: #$Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder defined by the presence of abnormal and/or impaired development that is manifest before the age of 3 years, and by the characteristic type of abnormal functioning in all three areas of social interaction, communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviour. The disorder occurs in boys three to four times more often than in girls. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autism' in WordNet: 1. autism - ((psychiatry) an abnormal absorption with the self; marked by communication disorders and short attention span and inability to treat others as people)
Super-classes	Syndrome^c PsychologicalAilment^c ChronicCondition^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Symptom^c

AutoDealer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutoDealer`
Description	An ''AutoDealer'' is a ''RetailOrganization'' that sells cars and similar light vehicles. `The WN 'car dealer' is the business, not the Person. This type uses the CYC definition as a Person. For the person selling cars use ''CarSalesman''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'car dealer' in WordNet: 1. car dealer - (a firm that sells and buys cars)`
Super-classes	TransportationOrganization^c RetailOrganization^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Automobile^c owns^op value AutoDealership^c

AutoDealership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutoDealership`
Description	$AutoDealership is a specialization of `#$RetailStore, #$Business, and #$TransportationOrganization. Each instance of #$AutoDealership is an establishment (an organization located at one site) that sells automobiles and other types of road vehicles to consumers.`
Super-classes	Dealership^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op value AutoDealer^c sells^op value Automobile^c

AutoFloorboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutoFloorboard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'floorboard' in WordNet: 2. floorboard - (the floor of an automobile)`
Super-classes	PartOfAnHSC^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c GroundOrFloor^c SupportingSurface^c

AutoMechanic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutoMechanic

Description

An AutoMechanic is skilled in repairing and rebuilding and diagnosing problems in motor vehicles (not just automobiles).

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanic' in WordNet:
           2. (1) automobile mechanic, auto-mechanic, car-mechanic, mechanic,
           grease monkey - (someone whose occupation is repairing and maintaining automobiles)

Super-classes TradeWorker^c
Repairman^c

AutoPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutoPart`
Description	A specialization of #$VehiclePart. Each instance of #$AutoPart is a physical object designed to be a proper part of an instance of #$Automobile.
Super-classes	VehiclePart^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Automobile^c
Sub-classes	GasCap^c MechanicalAutoPart^c AutomobileWindow^c CarHood^c TrunkOfCar^c

AutoSeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutoSeat`
Description	An ''AutoSeat'' is the entire seeting device or devices in one row of an automibile, whether styled as a bench or as individual pieces. In a ''Sedan'' there are two,the front seat and the back seat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'car seat' in WordNet: 1. car seat - (a seat in a car)`
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c SeatingDevice^c Person-SupportingFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Automobile^c
Sub-classes	DriverSeat^c RearSeat^c

Autobiographical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autobiographical

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'autobiographical' in Wordnet:
          2. autobiographical, autobiographic - (relating to or in the style of an autobiography;
             'they compiled an autobiographical history of the movement')

Super-classes Biographical^c

Autobiography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autobiography`
Description	CYC: A collection of instances of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$Autobiography is a narrative containing information about the author's own life. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autobiography' in WordNet: 1. autobiography - (a biography of yourself)`
Super-classes	Biography^c
Sub-classes	Memoir^c

Autochthon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autochthon`
Description	An 'Autochthon'' is a Person who is descended from the native peoples inhabiting some region or territory living there before the Europeans or other colonizers arrived. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autochthon' in WordNet: 1. aborigine, autochthon - (the earliest known inhabitants of a region)`
Super-classes	Inhabitant^c Native^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value GeographicalArea^c
Sub-classes	Aborigine^c

Autoclave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autoclave`
Description	A ''Autoclave'' is a ''HeatingDevice'' used for ''Sterilizing'' objects by heating above the biling point of water. This is to kill off any microorganisms in or on the object autoclaved. The things sterilized can be of any kind, such as liquids used in experiments or in microbiological processes (e.g. fermentation) or surgical instruments, or anything that may have been contaminated by a pathogen. `WN has HeatingChamber Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autoclave' in WordNet: 1. autoclave, sterilizer, steriliser - (a device for heating substances above their boiling point; used to manufacture chemicals or to sterilize surgical instruments)`
Super-classes	HeatingDevice^c
Restrictions	heats^op value PhysicalObjectType^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value Sterilizing^c hasDesignFunction^op value Sterilizing^c hasPhysicalPart^op some HeatingChamber^c

Autoclaving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autoclaving`
Description	''Autoclaving'' is a form of ''Sterilizing'' that uses an ''Autoclave'', a Device that heats objects within a chamber to temperatures about 120 degrees centigrade for more than 15 minutes, which is sufficient to kill all but some very unusual ''LifeForm''s.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'autoclave' in WordNet: 1. autoclave - (subject to the action of an autoclave)`
Super-classes	Sterilizing^c HeatingSomething^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Autoclave^c hasMinimumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FifteenMinutes^c typicallyOccursInside^op value Autoclave^c

Autocracy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autocracy`
Description	An ''Autocracy'' is a 'FormOfGovernment' in which there is only one Person which exercises total control over the laws of a ''GeopoliticalEntity''. This is broader than a ''Monarchy'' because the power can be exercised by any type of person, including a military 'strngman'' or 'dictator'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autocracy' in WordNet: 1. autocracy, autarchy - (a political system governed by a single individual)`
Super-classes	FormOfGovernment^c
Sub-classes	Monarchy^c Totalitarianism^c

Autocratic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autocratic

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'autocratic' in Wordnet:
        2. authoritarian, autocratic, dictatorial, despotic, tyrannical -
           (characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty; 
           'an authoritarian regime'; 'autocratic government'; 'despotic rulers';
           'a dictatorial rule that lasted for the duration of the war'; 'a tyrannical government')

Super-classes SociallyPowerful^c

Autoerotism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autoerotism`
Description	'Autoerotism'' is doing sexually pleasant things to oneself by oneself. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autoerotism' in WordNet: 1. autoeroticism, autoerotism - (using you own body as a sexual object)`
Super-classes	SexualBehavior^c
Sub-classes	Masturbation^c

Autograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autograph`
Description	A ''Autograph'' is a 'Signature' requested for its own value as a sample of someone's handwriting, usually the signature of a ''FamousHuman''. `CYC: The collection of autographs, i.e famous person's handwritten signature . Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'autograph' in WordNet: 2. autograph, John Hancock - (a person's own signature)`
Super-classes	Signature^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value FamousHuman^c

Automated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Automated

Description

This sense of ''Automated'' includes Activities that have been partially replaced by computerized machines.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'automated' in Wordnet:
         1. automated, machine-controlled, machine-driven - (operated by automation;
            'an automated stoker')

Super-classes Modified^c

Automatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Automatic

Description

''Automatic'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that is the opposite of 'Intentional' and means the the thing characterized is initialted and carried out (if an Event) without human intervention, and (if a Device) performs its function without human intervention, though possibly after some human chooses or sets values for what is performed. This is the quality of involuntary physiological actions and responses, and of many devices, including automatons. and most microdevices.

       NOTe that 'automatic' is not the opposite of 'inintended' in all senses,
       because 'unintended' can mean 'unwanted'.  To be automatic
       does not imply being unwanted.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'automatic' in WordNet:
           1. (7) automatic - (operating with minimal human intervention;
             independent of external control; 'automatic transmission';
             'a budget deficit that caused automatic spending cuts')

Super-classes NotDependent^c

AutomaticVehicleController^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutomaticVehicleController`
Description	An ''AutomaticVehicleController'' is an ''ElectronicDevice'' designed as part of some ''Auomobile''or ''Airplane''or other type of ''TransportationDevice'' to steer the device and stop it and start it, In addition to controlling the ''TransportationDevice'', it is connected to sensors that provide information required to assure that the vehicle goes where it is intended and does not impact any other objects in its path. Sophisticated versions are used to control 'driverless' automobiles. For example (from Wikipedia): A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous vehicle (AV), connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV), driverless car, robo-car, or robotic car, (automated vehicles and fully automated vehicles in the European Union) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human input. `Self-driving cars combine a variety of sensors to perceive their surroundings, such as radar, lidar, sonar, GPS, odometry and inertial measurement units. Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage.`
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c VehicleController^c VehiclePart^c ManufacturedGoods^c Automaton^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (Automobile^c or Airplane^c or TransportationDeviceType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Automatic^c isUsedInAction^op value ControllingATransportationDevice^c

Automatically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Automatically

Description

''Automatically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the Action was performed by some mechanical device, not immediately directed by a person. There may be varying degrees of being 'Automatic'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'automatically' in Wordnet:
         2. mechanically, automatically -
            (in a mechanical manner; by a mechanism; 'this door opens mechanically')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Automating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Automating`
Description	This sense of 'Automating'' represents and Action that replaces part or all of some type of HumanActivity with an action by some type of ''Automaton'', a Device using some form of ComputerCircuit to make decisions and perform actions. The restriction ''occurredLaterThan'' points to the ''HumanActivity'' that was performed before the automating. NOTE: WN has different parent types for senses 1 and 2 of 'automation', but the 'status' sense of sense 2 parent does not seem to apply to the gloss. Those senses are merged until examples of usage can provide clear distinctions Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'automate' in WordNet: 1. (1) automatize, automatise, automate - (make automatic or control or operate automatically; 'automatize the production'; 'automate the movement of the robot') WN noun 'automation': 1. (2) automation, mechanization, mechanisation - (the act of implementing the control of equipment with advanced technology; usually involving electronic hardware; "automation replaces human workers by machines") 2. automation - (the condition of being automatically operated or controlled; "automation increases productivity")
Super-classes	ReplacingSomething^c Altering^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Automaton^c causesIncreaseIn^op value Productivity^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Automated^c hadAddedObject^op value Automaton^c hadChangedEntity^op value HumanActivity^c occurredLaterThan^op value HumanActivity^c

Automaton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Automaton`
Description	An Automaton is an artifact (physical object or software artifact) that can perform some agentive functions without direct supervision of a person, but whose actions are ultimately controlled by a Person or people. A fully independent robot, if one existed, would be able to perform functions for its own purposes without consulting a master, and would then not be an Automaton, but would be an ''AutonomousArtifact'' (a different subtype of ''AgentiveArtifact''). The physical object ''Robot'' is a subtype. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'automaton' in WordNet, but is broader,including intelligent agents (e.g. programs) that have no robotic capabilities; for the physical objects that can perform quasi-intelligent actions, use ''Robot''.: in WordNet: 2. automaton, robot, golem - (a mechanism that can move automatically)`
Super-classes	IntelligentArtifact^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Deciding^c hasComponentPart^op value ComputerCircuit^c
Sub-classes	UnmannedVehicle^c Robot^c AutomaticVehicleController^c

Automobile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Automobile`
Description	A specialization of #$RoadVehicle. Each instance of #$Automobile is a four-wheeled road vehicle designed for carrying about two to eight passengers. Notable specializations of #$Automobile include #$SportsCar, #$PickupTruck and #$Van. This collection does not include motorcycles or tractor-trailers (since both motorcycles and tractor-trailers are not four-wheeled vehicles), nor does it include buses (since buses are designed to carry more passengers than instances of #$Automobile are designed to carry). SUMO: Automobile is a subclass of SelfPoweredRoadVehicles including passenger cars, family vans, light trucks, and sport utility vehicles. In general, this class covers four-wheeled passenger road vehicles. 'wheels' is a colloquial term for an automobile,used especially among young people NOTE that the WordNet senses specifies four wheels, but some tiny cars have three wheels, and those are included in the COSMO sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'automobile' and sense 1 of 'car' and sense 1 of 'auto' in WordNet: 1. (598) car, auto, automobile, machine, motorcar - (a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine; 'he needs a car to get to work')
Super-classes	SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice^c HumanSizedObject^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c SinglePurposeDevice^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c RoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	ChryslerCar^c FuelPoweredAutomobile^c RentalCar^c ConvertibleCar^c TaxiCab^c Jeep^c Sedan^c ElectricAutomobile^c TukTuk^c Limousine^c Coupe^c Hatchback^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheLimousineInWhichKennedyWasShot http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsToyota

AutomobileBattery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutomobileBattery

Description

An ''AutomobileBattery'' is a ''Battery'' that is part of an ''Automobile''. If the ''Autoobile'' is powered by in ''InternalCombustionEngine'', the ''AutomobileBattery'' provides power to the starting motor,turning the crankcase until the burning of the fuel starts and keeps the engine going. In an

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'battery' in WordNet:
       2. (10) battery, electric battery - (a device that produces electricity; 
          may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series)

Super-classes Battery^c

AutomobileDriver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutomobileDriver`
Description	An ''AutomobileDriver'' is a Person who is driving an Automobile at any specific time - someone 'on the road' in a car. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motorist' in WordNet: 1. motorist, automobilist - (someone who drives (or travels in) an automobile)`
Super-classes	RoadVehicleDriver^c
Restrictions	controls^op value Automobile^c

AutomobileFabrication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutomobileFabrication`
Description	'AutomobileFabrication' is a subtype of 'Manufacturing' in which Automobiles are constructed from parts.
Super-classes	Fabrication^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c Manufacturing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some AutomobileManufacturer^c

AutomobileFactory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutomobileFactory`
Description	A ''AutomobileFactory'' is a ''Factory'' where ''Automobile''s are manufactured. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'automobile factory' in WordNet: 1. automobile factory, auto factory, car factory - (a factory where automobiles are manufactured)`
Super-classes	Factory^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value Automobile^c manufactures^op value Automobile^c

AutomobileManufacturer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutomobileManufacturer`
Description	An ''AutomobileManufacturer'' is an Organization that manufactures ''Automobile''s by operating or managing a ''AutomobileFactory''. `NOTE: usually 'commercial' but this includes experimental or governmental operations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auto manufacturer' in WordNet: 1. car manufacturer, car maker, carmaker, auto manufacturer, auto maker, automaker - (a business engaged in the manufacture of automobiles)`
Super-classes	Organization^c Manufacturer^c
Restrictions	isTheCreatorOf^op value Automobile^c typicallyManages^op value AutomobileFactory^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value AutomobileFabrication^c manufactures^op value Automobile^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value AutomobileFabrication^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FordMotorCompany

AutomobileRadiator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutomobileRadiator`
Description	Uses pipes circulating steam or hot water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiator' in WordNet: 2. radiator - (heater consisting of a series of pipes for circulating steam or hot water to heat rooms or buildings)
Super-classes	Radiator^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Automobile^c usesSubstance^op some RadiatorFluid^c

AutomobileWindow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutomobileWindow`
Description	Windows of cars. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 6 of 'window' in WordNet:`
Super-classes	VehicleWindow^c AutoPart^c
Restrictions	isaSmallPartOf^op some (Automobile^c or TransportationDeviceType^c)

Automotive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Automotive

Description

''Automotive'' is an AttributeValue of a ''RoadVehicle'' or its part, or of Actions associated with a''RoadVehicle''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'automotive' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) automotive - (of or relating to motor vehicles; 'automotive supplies')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

AutonomicProcess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutonomicProcess

Description

The SUMO concept approximately equal to the OpenCyc 'BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary'.

      SUMO The class of PhysiologicProcesses of 
      which there is not conscious awareness and control.

Super-classes Synonym^c

Autonomous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autonomous`
Description	''Autonomous'' is an Attribute of People or Groups who do not depend on other people for their right or ability to do things = . Corresponds to part of sense 3 (pf nations) of 'independent' in WordNet: 3. (2) autonomous, independent, self-governing, sovereign - ((of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces; 'an autonomous judiciary'; 'a sovereign state')
Super-classes	Independent^c

AutonomousArtifact^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AutonomousArtifact

Description

An AutonomousArtifact is an artifact (physical object or software artifact) that performs its agentive functions for its own purposes, without supervision (direct or indirect) of a person. Such artifacts probably do not exist as of 2020. If an Intelligent Artifact were under the control of some other agent, and performed its functions on behalf of that agent, it would be an Automaton, and not an AutonomousArtifact.

     This type of object is often referred to as a ''Robot'' but as of 2020 exists only in
        Fiction, whereas ''Robot''s exist in the RealWorld and perform tasks
        chosen by and on behalf of their owners.

Super-classes IntelligentArtifact^c

Autopsy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autopsy`
Description	A specialization of #$MedicalDiagnosis. Each instance of #$Autopsy is an event in which a dead animal is examined to determine or confirm the cause of its death. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autopsy' in WordNet: 1. (1) autopsy, necropsy, postmortem, post-mortem, PM, postmortem examination, post-mortem examination - (an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease)`
Super-classes	Scrutiny^c MedicalDiagnosis^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value CauseOfDeath^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value TestingEvent^c hasTopic^op value CauseOfDeath^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Dissecting^c
Sub-classes	Inquest^c

Autumn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Autumn`
Description	Same concept as 'FallSeason'.
Super-classes	SeasonOfYear^c

Aux-Negated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aux-Negated`
Description	CYC: The collection of all auxiliary verbs negated by contraction. Example: 'hadn't'.
Super-classes	AuxVerb^c

AuxVerb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AuxVerb`
Description	CYC: The collection of auxiliary verbs, including 'have', 'be', and 'do', as well as the modal verbs. All of these can be inverted in questions, and have other distributional peculiarities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auxiliary verb' in WordNet: 1. auxiliary verb - (a word used in a verb phrase as an adjunct to another verb)`
Super-classes	ClosedClassWord^c Verb^c
Sub-classes	Aux-Negated^c ModalAuxVerb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#might http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#was http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#is-verb http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#be http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#will http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#are http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#am http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#may-possible http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#shall http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#can-possible http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#must-aux

Auxiliary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Auxiliary

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'auxiliary' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) auxiliary, subsidiary, supplemental, supplementary -
            (functioning in a subsidiary or supporting capacity; 
            'the main library and its auxiliary branches')

Super-classes Affiliated^c

Avail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avail`
Description	''Avail'' is a ''Utility'' for things that are 'Helpful' - more helpful than just being 'useful'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avail' in WordNet: 1. (2) avail, help, service - (a means of serving; 'of no avail'; 'there's no help for it') WN noun 'helpfulness': 1. helpfulness - (the property of providing useful assistance)`
Super-classes	Utility^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Helpful^c

Availability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Availability`
Description	''Availability'' is the state of ''HavingAnAttribute'' for having Resources of any kind that are ''Available'' for some use or purpose. NOTE:in WN the term 'disposal' is interpeted as a subtype of 'power' - but here it is a state of being available, with the agent being the object that is available.. This divergence reflects the unusual usage of that term - it is used in the WN sense amost exclusivel in the phrase 'at (her/his/one's/their) disposal', where the phrase means 'available'. Here is is a clue to an interpreter to look to the attribute ''Available'' where the labels include 'at her disposal' etc.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'availability' in WordNet: 1. (3) handiness, accessibility, availability, availableness - (the quality of being at hand when needed) WN noun 'disposal': 1. (4) disposal - (the power to use something or someone; 'used all the resources at his disposal')
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Available^c

Available^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Available`
Description	'Available' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of objects or services that can be obtained; it is relative to times, locations, and persons who may obtain the thing, so this notion is very context specific and general. For things available from within the building that a Person is located at, the subAttribute ''OnHand'' is more specific. NOTE also that this does not mean it is available to everyone,but may be reserved for specific Person(s). It is merely not unavailable in some context. Includes all 3 adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'available' in WordNet: 1. (93) available - (obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service; 'kept a fire extinguisher available'; 'much information is available through computers'; 'available in many colors'; 'the list of available candidates is unusually long') 2. available, uncommitted - (not busy; not otherwise committed; 'he was not available for comment'; 'he was available and willing to accompany her') 3. available, usable, useable - (convenient for use or disposal; 'the house is available after July 1'; '2000 square feet of usable office space')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unoccupied^c Cumulative^c ReadyMade^c Accessible^c OnHand^c Rentable^c OnLine^c ForSale^c

AvailableAmount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AvailableAmount`
Description	An ''AvailableAmount'' is a ''Quantity'' of something useful that is available for use for some Agent for some purpose. Broadly applicable to anything that can be used for a purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amount' in WordNet: 1. (51) amount - (how much of something is available; 'an adequate amount of food for four people')`
Super-classes	QuantityOfStuff^c
Sub-classes	Insufficiency^c

AvailableQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AvailableQuantity`
Description	Each instance of a ''AvailableQuantity'' is the value of some ''MeasurableQuantity'' that is available to some agent for some purpose.
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op only MeasurementResult^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Available^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHundredDollars

AvailableSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AvailableSpace`
Description	Each 'AvailableSpace' is a FreeSpaceRegion that is available for some use; this is usually some space on the Earth's surface or in a structure, but can be free space anywhere it might be used for some purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'space' in WordNet: 3. (12) space - - (an area reserved for some particular purpose; 'the laboratory's floor space')`
Super-classes	FreeSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Available^c

AvailableTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AvailableTime`
Description	Each insance of 'AvailableTime' is a TimeDuration available to some agent for accomplishing some action or set of actions. For an individual organism, the maximum 'AvailableTime' for any task would be its 'Lifetime'. `The quantitative neasure is the difference between a 'Deadline'' and ''Now'' - specified in the parent ''NowTillDeadline''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'time' in WordNet: 3. (285) time - - (a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something; 'take time to smell the roses'; 'I didn't have time to finish'; 'it took more than half my time')`
Super-classes	Resource^c TimeDuration^c NowTillDeadline^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Remaining^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Available^c

Avalanche^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avalanche`
Description	A specialzation of #$NaturalHazard. Each instance of #Avalanche is an event in which a large amount of snow and ice falls down the side of a steep natural incline (such as the side of a mountain). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avalanche' in WordNet: 1. avalanche - (a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountain)`
Super-classes	RockOrSnowSlide^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value DangerousSituation^c isPerformedBy^op value PileOfSnow^c

Avant-garde^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avant-garde

Description

'Original' is an AttributeValue of anything that is unique (i.e. not

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'avant-garde' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) avant-garde, daring - (radically new or original; 'an avant-garde theater piece')

Super-classes Novel-New^c
Original^c

Avenue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avenue`
Description	Any Wide ''Street'' regardless of what it's name happens to be. Width would be wider than just enough for two car lanes and parking on both sides - more than 50 feet? `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'avenue' in WordNet: 2. avenue, boulevard - (a wide street or thoroughfare)`
Super-classes	Street^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wide^c hasMinimumWidth^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyFeet^c

Average^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Average`
Description	A Quantity (pure number or a MeasurableQuantity having units of measure) that is calculated as the sum of two or more numbers, divided by the count of the numbers summed. This is an arithmetic mean, not a grade-point average for alphabetical grades, unless they are equivalent to numerical grades (e.g. 4=A, 3=B). WordNet does not have an exact match for this sense of 'average', the only noun sense is a subtype; but the WordNet noun sense 1 of 'mean' seems to correspond to this intended meaning: in WordNet: 1. (13) average, norm - (a statistic describing the location of a distribution; 'it set the norm for American homes') WN noun 'mean': 1. (11) mean, mean value - (an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n)
Super-classes	Quantity^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value TakingAnAverage^c
Sub-classes	AverageHumidity^c AverageSpeed^c AverageCourseGrade^c MedianValue^c AverageAirTemperature^c

AverageAirTemperature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AverageAirTemperature`
Description	An ''AverageAirTemperature'' measure is an ''Average'' of the ''AirTemperaure'' is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere at some particular location at some particular time. For an average of such measurements over time use ''AverageHumidity''. `NOTE that WN does not include 'humidity' as a label, though that is commonly used for this concept at east colloquially even if not technically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative humidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) relative humidity - (the ratio of the amount of water in the air at a give temperature to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature; expressed as a percentage)`
Super-classes	GroupAttribute^c AirTemperature^c Average^c
Restrictions	isTheAverageOf^op value AirTemperatureGroup^c

AverageCourseGrade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AverageCourseGrade`
Description	''AverageCourseGrade'' is the average of the ''CourseGrade''s that a Student received during some period in a ''School''. This could be for one year,or in (High school or college) for the entire two or three or four or more) years that the student attended that school.
Super-classes	Average^c Grade^c
Restrictions	isTheAverageOf^op value AllCourseGrades^c

AverageHumidity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AverageHumidity`
Description	An ''AverageHumidity'' measure is an ''Average'' of the ''RelativeHumidity'' measures, each taken at some particular location at some particular time, not all necessarily at the same location. `NOTE that WN does not include 'humidity' as a label, though that is commonly used for this concept at east colloquially even if not technically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative humidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) relative humidity - (the ratio of the amount of water in the air at a give temperature to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature; expressed as a percentage)`
Super-classes	RelativeHumidity^c Average^c GroupAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheAverageOf^op value RelativeHumidityGroup^c isaConcentrationOf^op value AtmosphericWaterVapor^c

AverageSpeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AverageSpeed`
Description	''AverageSpeed'' is a speed measure used to indicate an average or typical speed for things whose motion may vary, whether slowly or quickly, so that only an approximate speed is likely to be meaningful. This can be used as an instantaneous measure to approximate a speed at a particular time, or as an average overs ome interval of time.
Super-classes	SpeedMeasure^c Average^c

AverageType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AverageType`
Description	''AverageType'' is a metatype whose instances will be subtypes of ''Average''. This will allow convenient relations to represent averages of quantities, whether pure numbers or measures combining quantifiers and units ofmeasure.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Average AverageCourseGrade AverageAirTemperature MedianValue AverageSpeed

AverageValued^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AverageValued

Description

'AverageValued' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is approximately the same.

     In some cases in COSMO, such relative attributes as 'high' and 'low' are represented directly, as in 
      'HighBodyTemperature', 'HighReflectance', 'HighlyCredible'. 
      @TODo R1015: The method to relate this attribute to the more specific attributes such as
      above is not clear.  Perhaps such attribute values are subtypes of this one??

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'average' in WordNet:                                                       
       1. (43) average, mean - (approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value; 
         'the average income in New England is below that of the nation'; 
         'of average height for his age'; 'the mean annual rainfall')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c

AviationFuel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AviationFuel`
Description	A PhysicalSubstance consisting of Hydrocarbons, liquid at normal temperatures, and created to be used as a Fuel in engines that power airplanes.
Super-classes	Hydrocarbons^c Fuel^c LiquidSubstance^c

Avitaminosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avitaminosis`
Description	''Avitaminosis'' is an AilmentCondition that is caused by intake of less of any vitamin than the body requires. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avitaminosis' in WordNet: 1. avitaminosis, hypovitaminosis - (any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins)`
Super-classes	Malnutrition^c
Sub-classes	Scurvy^c Rickets^c

Avocado^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avocado`
Description	An 'Avocado'' is a juicy orange-sized fruit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avocado' in WordNet: 1. (15) avocado, alligator pear, avocado pear, aguacate - (a pear-shaped tropical fruit with green or blackish skin and rich yellowish pulp enclosing a single large seed)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value AvocadoTree^c

AvocadoTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AvocadoTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avocado tree' in WordNet: 1. avocado, avocado tree, Persea Americana - (tropical American tree bearing large pulpy green fruits)`
Super-classes	FruitTree^c
Restrictions	bearsFruitType^op value Avocado^c

Avoidable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avoidable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'avoidable' in Wordnet: 1. evitable, avoidable, avertible, avertable - (capable of being avoided or warded off)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

AvoidanceAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AvoidanceAction`
Description	An AvoidanceAction is any action in which a 'IntentionalAgent' intentionally avoids or attempts to avoid something. This is very general: the avoiding could be avoiding contact with a specific person or class of persons, avoiding eating certain types of food, avoiding thinking about something or avoiding an undesired situation by preventing others from having or doing something. Each AvoidanceAction is directed at some FutureSituation which is being avoided. This is the most general sense of 'acting so as to prevent some Event' in COSMO. In general, Agents act so as to cause some change, but agents can also act so as to prevent a change. This type represents the latter sense. Also, note that in COSMO an intentional avoidance of an Action is considered as an Action (deciding not to act is a kind of acting). More specific types will be 'Preventing'; its subtype 'Protecting', and its subtype 'Defending'. Includes verb sense 1 and 2 of 'avoid' in WordNet: 1. (25) avoid - (stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something; 'Her former friends now avoid her') 2. (22) debar, obviate, deflect, avert, head off, stave off, fend off, avoid, ward off - (prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening; 'Let's avoid a confrontation'; 'head off a confrontation'; 'avert a strike') WN noun 'avoidance': 1. (4) avoidance, turning away, shunning, dodging - (deliberately avoiding; keeping away from or preventing from happening)
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c
Sub-classes	Preventing^c PurposefulInaction^c Keeping^c Eschewing^c EvadingAnIssue^c EludingComprehension^c EvadingaLaw^c Stealth^c Deserting^c RunningAway^c ShirkingaDuty^c Precaution^c HedgingAction^c Fleeing^c Forestalling^c

AvoidingWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AvoidingWork`
Description	''AvoidingWork'' is a ''Refraining'' action by an ''Idler' due to a dislke of working. This can be long-term and habitual, or just temporary, of any duration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shirk' in WordNet: 1. (2) fiddle, shirk, shrink from, goldbrick - (avoid (one's assigned duties); 'The derelict soldier shirked his duties')`
Super-classes	Refraining^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Idler^c hasEventNotOccurring^op value WorkingEvent^c

Awake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awake`
Description	An attribute that specifies that an animal is awake, not sleeping or unconscious, - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. `@ToDo: This attribute is disjoint from 'asleep' and 'unconscious'. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'awake' in WordNet: 1. (9) awake - - (not in a state of sleep; completely conscious; 'lay awake thinking about his new job'; 'still not fully awake') 2. (2) alert, awake - - (not unconscious; especially having become conscious; 'the patient is now awake and alert')`
Super-classes	Conscious^c
Sub-classes	Relaxing^c AwakeAndActive^c Inattentive^c Drowsy^c Attentive^c Alert^c

AwakeAndActive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AwakeAndActive`
Description	AwakeAndActive is an attribute of people who are not only Awake, but are up and doing something. To represent someone fully occupied doing something, use 'Busy'. `This is sense 1 of 'Active' in RHW (see also 'Active' in this ontology): 1. engaged in action; characterized by energetic work, participation, etc.; busy: an active life.`
Super-classes	Awake^c Active^c
Sub-classes	Busy^c

Awakened^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awakened

Description

''Awakened'' is the attribute of an animal that has gone from sleep to an awake state due to a ''Awakening'' Action.

    This attribute will apply for some interval after the waking up, but is usually 
    used to discuss the ''Awakening'' action trather than the 'awake' state.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'awakened' in WordNet:
         2. awakened - ((somewhat formal) having been waked up; 'the awakened baby began to cry')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Awakening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awakening`
Description	''Awakening'' is an Action in which something causes an Animal to 'wake up',i.e. something causes a ''WakingUp'' action. The thing that does the ''Awakening'' can be an agent or a noise, or a shaking, or any of various things that can cause an animal to wake up from sleep. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wake up' in Wordnet: 1. (8) awaken, wake, waken, rouse, wake up, arouse - (cause to become awake or conscious; 'He was roused by the drunken men in the street'; 'Please wake me at 6 AM.')`
Super-classes	Action^c BecomingEvent^c CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasPrecondition^op value UnconsciousnessOrSleeping^c alwaysCauses^op value WakingUp^c

Award-Winning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Award-Winning`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'award-winning' in Wordnet: 1. award-winning - (having received awards; "this award-winning bridge spans a distance of five miles")`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PrizeWinning^c

AwardRibbon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AwardRibbon`
Description	A PhysicalObject that symbolizes that some person, organization, or thing has been awarded an HonorAward by some Authority, that consists of or has a part that is a ''Ribbon''. `The small ribbons worn on the chest of a Military person symbolize the Military medals that that Person has received, and are themselves instances of this type, as well as other ribbons symbolizing awards.`
Super-classes	AwardSymbol^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Ribbon^c

AwardSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AwardSymbol`
Description	A PhysicalObject that symbolizes that some person, organization, or thing has been awarded an HonorAward by some Authority. Trophies awarded for sports competitions, Military medals and the Oscar (Academy Award) are examples.
Super-classes	HumanAccessibleIBO^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some AwardType^c
Sub-classes	AwardRibbon^c Medal^c MilitaryDecoration^c Oscar-Figurine^c Trophy^c

AwardType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AwardType`
Description	''AwardType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Award'
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	MilitaryAward Grammy HonorAward VictoryAward NobelPrize AcademyAward

Awardee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awardee`
Description	A ''Awardee'' is a ''Recipient'' of some instance of ''AwardType''. `NOTE: 'honor' and 'award' are conflated here. Perhaps they may be distinguished??? Is a graduation diploma an 'award'? an 'honor'? RHW 'awardee': the recipient of an award. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honoree' in WordNet: 1. honoree - (a recipient of honors in recognition of noteworthy accomplishments)`
Super-classes	Recipient^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value WinningAnAward^c
Sub-classes	Medalist^c

AwardingAnAcademicDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AwardingAnAcademicDegree`
Description	A GivingEvent in which a person (or person representing an EducationalOrganization) formally awards an 'EducationalDegree' to some person. The awarding may or may not be accompanied by a physical transfer of a paper symbolizing the degree,and it may or may not be done in public; it could merely be recording of the successful completion of degre requirements on school records.. This is for 'degrees' from high school and higher levels of education; 'graduating' from Kindergargten or a primary school is not included. 'Graduating' is a separate type of Action. Awarding a degree is distinctive and is not represented by any other type of 'GivingEvent'. However, if the presentation of a degree is accompanied at the same time as presentation of other honors, a separate 'AwardingAnHonor' event may co-occur with the 'AwardingAnAcademicDegree' event. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'award' and part of sense 6 of 'present' and part of sense 5 of 'grant' in WordNet: 1. (3) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') WN verb 'grant' 5. (2) grant, give - (bestow, especially officially; 'grant a degree'; 'give a divorce'; 'This bill grants us new rights')`
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some EducationalDegree^c

AwardingAnHonor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AwardingAnHonor`
Description	A GivingEvent in which a person (or person representing an Organization) gives an HonorAward (an abstract MentalObject) to another person. The awarding may be in any form, including a public award ceremony where a symbolic object is given (in which case it is also an instance of PresentingaGiftOrHonor); or merely by announcing publicly that the awardee was chosen as the recipient of the honor. Note that when an HonorAward is awarded together with a medal or other token, it is an instance both of 'PresentingaGiftOrHonor' and 'AwardingAnHonor'. For awards of academic degrees, use 'AwardingAnAcademicDegree'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'award' and part of sense 6 of 'present' in WordNet: 1. (3) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') WN verb 'bestow': 1. (4) confer, bestow - (present; 'The university conferred a degree on its most famous former student, who never graduated'; 'bestow an honor on someone')`
Super-classes	PresentingaGiftOrHonor^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some AwardType^c hasReciprocalEvent^op value WinningAnAward^c hadHonoree^op value Awardee^c
Sub-classes	PresentingAnAward^c

AwareOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AwareOfSomething`
Description	'AwareOfSomething' is a QualitativeAttributeValue describing a 'IntentionalAgent' who knows that some Situation is true. In COSMO the 'thing' that an Agent is AwareOf is represented as an Assertion. This is a state of knowledge, not a PhysiologicalCondition. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'conscious' in WordNet, but restricted to uses with 'conscious of'. in WordNet: WN 'conscious' 3. conscious - ((followed by 'of') showing realization or recognition of something; 'few voters seem conscious of the issue's importance'; 'conscious of having succeeded'; 'the careful tread of one conscious of his alcoholic load'- Thomas Hardy)`
Super-classes	Alive^c
Sub-classes	Anticipating^c SelfAware^c Realistic^c

Awareness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awareness`
Description	'Awareness' is a specialization of 'Consciousness' and of 'MentalState': it is more than just the physiological condition of being 'conscious', it includes being 'aware' of one's situation. This type includes both a broad awareness of one's general situation - past and present, and potential future, as well as specific awareness of parts of that situation. This type borders on the notion of 'knowledge' but is intended to include awareness of things that can be perceived, both external and internal to the body. Since the awareness of things perceived can lead directly to inferences about things not perceived, the borderline between Awareness and Knowledge may be hard to discern. This is not identical to Wordnet sense 1 of 'awareness' because it does not include a knowledge that was created by past events, but does include knowledge created by present perceptions. This is for such situations as 'awareness of his presence', 'an awareness of an unusually high humidity'. @ToDo: should this be part of consciousness or caused by consciousness? Includes parts of noun sense 1 and 2 of 'awareness' in WordNet: 1. (10) awareness, consciousness, cognizance, cognisance, knowingness - - (having knowledge of; 'he had no awareness of his mistakes'; 'his sudden consciousness of the problem he faced'; 'their intelligence and general knowingness was impressive') 2. (2) awareness, sentience - - (state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness; 'the crash intruded on his awareness')
Super-classes	MentalState^c Consciousness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value AwareOfSomething^c isCausedBy^op value Perceiving^c
Sub-classes	SpiritualIllumination^c Alertness^c Sense^c

Awe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awe

Description

'Awe'' is an intensive form of 'Wonder' that includes some elements of ''Respect'' and ''Admiration'' - which does not require that it is directed toward a Person. . This is used variously.

    Instead of the CYC 'veneration' this type inlcudes ''Respect''.
     CYC: Emotion inspired by something which arouses
        one's deep respect, veneration and wonder. Implies a
        sense of being overwhelmed or overcome by great superiority
        or impressiveness.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'awe' in WordNet:
        1. (4) awe - (an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration;
          'he stared over the edge with a feeling of awe')

Super-classes Respect^c
Wonder^c
Admiration^c

Awe-inspiring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awe-inspiring

Description

This attribute represents the literal ability to inspire ''Awe''. The term 'awesome' is used more colloquially as a synonym for 'superb'.

        NOTE: 'awful' is seldom used in this sense, is omitted.to avoid confusion.
           As an adverb, that usage is more common.
       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'awe-inspiring' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) amazing, awe-inspiring, awesome, awful, awing -
             (inspiring awe or admiration or wonder; 'New York is an amazing city'; 
             'the Grand Canyon is an awe-inspiring sight'; 'the awesome complexity of the universe'; 
             'this sea, whose gently awful stirrings seem to speak 
                of some hidden soul beneath'- Melville; 
                'Westminster Hall's awing majesty, so vast, so high, so silent')

Super-classes Remarkable^c
EvaluativeAttribute^c

Awed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awed

Description

''Awed'' is an attribute value a Person who has observed something ''Awe-inspiring''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'awed' in Wordnet:
       2. (1) awed, awestruck, awestricken, in awe of -
         (having or showing a feeling of mixed reverence and respect 
         and wonder and dread; 'stood in awed silence before the shrine'; 
         'in grim despair and awestruck wonder')

Super-classes Impressed^c

Awesome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awesome

Description

'Awesome' is the colloquial term used recently to mean approximately the same as ''Superb'', often just as an exaggerated way to express 'very good.

       NOTE: Literallyinterpreted , it suggests causing
       ''Awe'', though this sense is used colloquially to mean only that something is 
       especially ''Excellent''.  The 'awe-casing' sense is represented by ''Awe-Inspiring''.

      This term is not in WN in this sense.
      RHW adj 'awesome': 
         3. Slang. very impressive: That new white convertible is totally awesome.

Super-classes Impressive^c
Superb^c

Awful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awful`
Description	A higher intensity of 'Unpleasant' For the sense of 'badly behaved' use 'Nasty' This sense includes all degrees of unpleasantness beyond the most general 'Unpleasant' level. THe more specific meanings where something is not only very unpleasant, but causes fear, are represented as the subtype 'Terrible'. Some degrees of unpleasantness are represented by words in WordNet 'awful' sense 1, that are not yet (r771) separately represented in COSMO. This corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'nasty' and parts of senses 1 and 3 of 'awful' and 1 and 2 of 'terrible' in WordNet. This is for things that are unpleasant, not for those merely bad in quality. in WordNet: WN 'nasty' 1. (2) nasty, awful - (offensive or even (of persons) malicious; 'in a nasty mood'; 'a nasty accident'; 'a nasty shock'; 'a nasty smell'; 'a nasty trick to pull'; 'Will he say nasty things at my funeral?'- Ezra Pound) WN 'awful' 1. (10) atrocious, abominable, awful, dreadful, painful, terrible, unspeakable - (exceptionally bad or displeasing; 'atrocious taste'; 'abominable workmanship'; 'an awful voice'; 'dreadful manners'; 'a painful performance'; 'terrible handwriting'; 'an unspeakable odor came sweeping into the room') 2. (4) awful, dire, direful, dread, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, horrific, terrible - (causing fear or dread or terror; 'the awful war'; 'an awful risk'; 'dire news'; 'a career or vengeance so direful that London was shocked'; 'the dread presence of the headmaster'; 'polio is no longer the dreaded disease it once was'; 'a dreadful storm'; 'a fearful howling'; 'horrendous explosions shook the city'; 'a terrible curse')
Super-classes	Unpleasant^c
Sub-classes	Disgusting^c Terrible^c LousyRotten^c

Awfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awfully

Description

''Awfully'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the manner of performing the Action was ''VeryBad'' or ''Poor-Performing'' in quality or ''BadlyBehaved'' in terms of moral judgment.

      This can be an evaluation of quality of performance, or a judgment of
         appropriateness or moral censure:
      RWH 'awfully': 2. in a manner provoking censure, disapproval, or the like:
                  'She behaved awfully all evening.'

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'awfully' in WordNet:
        3. terribly, atrociously, awfully, abominably, abysmally, rottenly -
           (in a terrible manner; 'she sings terribly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Awkward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awkward

Description

Awkward is an attribute of a person who lacks skill or ease in performing some action. This corresponds to the first three senses from the Random House Webster: 1. lacking skill or dexterity; clumsy. 2. lacking grace or ease in movement: an awkward gesture; an awkward dancer. 3. lacking social graces or manners: a simple, awkward frontiersman. 4. not well planned or designed for easy or effective use: an awkward instrument; an awkward method. 5. requiring caution; somewhat hazardous; dangerous: an awkward turn in the road. 6. hard to deal with; difficult; requiring skill, tact, or the like: an awkward situation; an awkward customer. 7. embarrassing or inconvenient; caused by lack of social grace: an awkward moment 8. Obs. untoward; perverse.

      Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2  of 'awkward' in WordNet, not including
        attributes of objects such as 'awkward knot':
       in WordNet:
         2. (2) awkward - (lacking grace or skill in manner or movement or
              performance; 'an awkward dancer'; 'an awkward gesture';
              'too awkward with a needle to make her own clothes';
              'his clumsy fingers produced an awkward knot')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

Awkwardly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awkwardly`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'awkwardly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) awkwardly - (in an awkward manner; "he bent awkwardly")`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Awry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Awry

Description

''Awry'' is a shape. For 'wonky' meaning 'unstable', use ''Wobbly''.

    'wonky' - not used in this sense (British term).
     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lopsided' in Wordnet:
       2. askew, awry, cockeyed, lopsided, wonky, skew-whiff -
         (turned or twisted toward one side; 'a...youth with a gorgeous red necktie 
            all awry'- G.K.Chesterton; 'his wig was, as the British say, skew-whiff')

Super-classes Asymmetric^c

Axe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Axe`
Description	CYC: A hand tool used for cutting, comprised of a long handle and a heavy wedge-shaped head with one sharp edge. `COSMO note: an ''Axe'' may have more than one cutting edge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'axe' in Wordnet: 1. (8) ax, axe - (an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle)`
Super-classes	EdgeTool^c Device-UserPowered^c HandTool^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value StraightHandle^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Blade^c
Sub-classes	Hatchet^c Tomahawk^c

Axillary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Axillary

Description

''Axillary'' is an attribute Pertaining to the human 'Armpit' and its methods and activities

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'axillary' in Wordnet:
          2. axillary - (of or relating to the armpit; 'axillary gland')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Axiom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Axiom`
Description	An Axiom in COSMO is a ''LogicalSentence'' in a form: antecedent-consequent (if - then). It is a Group with one element being the 'Antecedent'' and a second element being the 'Consequent''. It may have other elements specifying the origin, scope, and context (such as the theory including this Axiom) in which the axiom applies. It will typically have variables in it, and may be arbitrarily complex, with 'and's and 'or's. Both implications (implies) and biimplications (if and only if) rules are included, This is more specialized in meaning than the normal interpretation of 'axiom' in logic. An ''Axiom'' is a 'LogicalSentence'' in which the two ''LogicalAssertion''s are connected by the tacit relation 'implies'. This logical relation is part of the logical language in which an ontology is represented, and does not need to be explicitly represented as a 'property' in the ontology. However, the term ''follows' in the logical sense of 'implies' is present in texts, so the term 'implies' is represented as ''Conjunction'' and is considered as part of this Group of elements, in order to have some representation in an OWL format. If the order of Antecedent and Consequent are inverted, the Conjunction ''followsFrom'' would be the connector. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'axiom' in WordNet: 2. axiom - ((logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident)
Super-classes	LogicalAssertion^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unproven^c hasThirdElement^op some Consequent^c hasAbstractRepresentation^op some AbstractString^c hasSecondElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#implies^c hasFirstElement^op some Antecedent^c
Sub-classes	COSMOaxiom^c

Axis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Axis`
Description	An ''Axis'' is a ''StraightLine'' in some geometric or real space. In graphical plots this can be refered to as one of the 'coordinates'. 'X-axis','Y-axis', 'Z-axis' `RHW 'axis': 5. Analytic Geom.: any line used as a fixed reference in conjunction with one or more other references for determining the position of a point or of a series of points forming a curve or a surface. Cf. x-axis, y-axis. Corresponds approximately (?) to noun sense 1 of 'axis' in WordNet: 1. (6) axis - (a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions)`
Super-classes	StraightLine^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value LocatingSomething^c
Sub-classes	AxisOfRotation^c

AxisOfRotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AxisOfRotation`
Description	An''AxisOfRotation'' is an ''Axis'' (a ''StraightLine''), in Physical space; it is an abstract object, not a PhysicalObject that is in that line. `The PhysicalObject that is rotating around and along that ''AxisOfRotation'' is represented as a ''PhysicalAxis'' An ''AxisOfRotation'' has a 'direction' that is the conventional vector for rotations, specified by the 'right hand rule. So for spinning objects near the Earth's surface, it might point up or down, depending on the direction of rotation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'axis of rotation' in WordNet: 1. axis, axis of rotation - (the center around which something rotates)`
Super-classes	Place-NonAgent^c SpaceLine-Empirical^c Axis^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value PhysicalAxis^c

Axle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Axle`
Description	A bar that a wheel or wheels are mounted on and that supports the wheel(s) as they turn. COSMO note: this is a generic axle, around which any wheel on any vehcle can turn - it does not necessarily have to be the axle supporting the wheels of a land vehicle. An Axle is a SupportingObject because it either supports the wheel or supports an object and is in turn supported by the wheel. SUMO: Axle is a class of Devices each of which can be paired with two or more VehicleWheels to rotate and move a RoadVehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'axle' in WordNet: 1. (1) axle - (a shaft on which a wheel rotates)
Super-classes	Shaft^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value WheeledTransportationDevice^c

Axon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Axon`
Description	An ''Axon'' is one type of ''NerveFiber''; another is a 'dendrite'. `CC: The collection of all axons (or 'neuraxons'), which are fibers of a #$Neuron which transmit signals away from the cell body to other #$Neurons or #$MuscleTissue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'axon' in WordNet: 1. axon, axone - (long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron)`
Super-classes	NerveFiber^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

Azalea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Azalea

Description

A 'Azalea'' is a type of ''Rhododendron'' bush with smaller leaves and flowers than the bush usually referred to as a 'rhododendron'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'azalea' in WordNet:
        1. azalea - (any of numerous ornamental shrubs grown for their 
           showy flowers of various colors)

Super-classes HeathOrder^c
Rhododendron^c

BB^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BB

Description

A small ''Pellet'', usually of metal such as brass, close to spherical and designed to be fired from a BB gun or pellet gun. Not classified as a ''ProjectileWeapon'' because it is not usually used to harm agents,more commonly as a toy for entertainment.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'BB' in WordNet:
           1. BB, BB shot - (a small pellet fired from an air rifle or BB gun)

Super-classes Pellet^c
Projectile^c

Baa^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baa

Description

A baaing sound made by a sheep.

      Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'baa'  in WordNet:
        WN noun 'baa':
          1. baa - (the cry made by sheep)
        WN verb 'baa':
          1. bleat, blate, blat, baa - (cry plaintively; 'The lambs were bleating')

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Babbling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Babbling`
Description	''Babbling'' is a Speaking in which the words do not make sense - this can be done by a baby, or by someone with mental problems. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'babble' in WordNet: 1. (3) babble - (utter meaningless sounds, like a baby, or utter in an incoherent way; 'The old man is only babbling-don't pay attention')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Incomprehensible^c

Baboon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baboon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baboon' in WordNet: 1. baboon - (large terrestrial monkeys having doglike muzzles)`
Super-classes	Monkey^c

BabyBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BabyBed`
Description	A ''BabyBed'' is any type of small ''Bed'' used for a 'Baby'' to sleep, usually having raised sides to allow babies to sleep with no risk of falling out. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baby bed' in Wordnet: 1. baby bed, baby's bed - (a small bed for babies; enclosed by sides to prevent the baby from falling)`
Super-classes	Bed^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value HumanInfant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Sub-classes	Bassinet^c Cradle^c Crib^c

BabyCarriage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BabyCarriage`
Description	A small carriage with a handle on one end, used to conveniently transport a baby. Small enough for a person to lift, but at the outer limit of size for a 'PortableObject'. The dimensions are for the fully open carriage, and may be significantly smaller in some dimension if the carriage is folded up. `NOTE that this type includes a ''DollCarriage'' as subtype - close in design. RHW 'baby carriage': a conveyance similar to an infant's crib set on four wheels and meant to be pushed. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'carriage' in WordNet: 5. baby buggy, baby carriage, carriage, perambulator, pram, stroller, go-cart, pushchair, pusher - (a small vehicle with four wheels in which a baby or child is pushed around)`
Super-classes	Device-UserPowered^c Cart^c MusclePoweredDevice-Pushed^c PortableObject^c Device-UserControlled^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value HumanInfant^c hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 120.0^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourWheels^c hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 120.0^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 180.0^c
Sub-classes	DollCarriage^c

BabySitter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BabySitter`
Description	A ''BabySitter'' is a Person who performs ''BabySitting'' for some interval of time, andisusually paid for that task. If done regularly, especially for some particular child or family, the ''BabySitter'' may be called by that term even when s/he is not performing that task. A ''BabySitter'' typically works only part-time for a few hours at a time, and is often a teenager `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'babysitter' in WordNet: 1. babysitter, baby-sitter, sitter - (a person engaged to care for children when the parents are not home)`
Super-classes	ChildcareWorker^c ChildGuardian^c Watcher^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value BabySitting^c

BabySitting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BabySitting`
Description	''BabySitting'' is a ''GuardingaChild'', usually for only part of a day,and usually at the home of the child. Typically this is done in the evening while the parent(s) are out of the house for more than a few minutes. `CYC: A non-parent temporarily caring for an infant. This definition could be changed if we want to consider situations where a parent cares for his/her own child to be babysitting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'babysitting' in WordNet: 1. babysitting, baby sitting - (the work of a baby sitter; caring for children when their parents are not home) WN verb 'baby-sit': 2. baby-sit, sit - (work or act as a baby-sitter; 'I cannot baby-sit tonight; I have too much homework to do')`
Super-classes	TakingCareOfaChild^c GuardingaChild^c KeepingWatch^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BabySitter^c typicallyOccursAt^op value Residence^c

Babyhood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Babyhood`
Description	This is the 'state' that occurs during the ''LifeStage'' of ''Infancy''. This nuanced distinction is necessary logically though it hss little effect on linguistic usaage. parent should be: [[immaturity, immaturenes]] `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'babyhood' in WordNet: 2. infancy, babyhood - (the earliest state of immaturity)`
Super-classes	Immaturity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Infant^c isTheStartingPartOf^op value Childhood^c

Babyish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Babyish

Description

''Babyish'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of anything feature or behavior that resebles that of a ''Baby''. Applied to actions, it means the behavior is very immature,but usually only in some respect.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'babyish' in Wordnet:
          1. babyish - (characteristic of a baby; 'babyish tears and petulance')

Super-classes Immature^c

Bacchanalia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bacchanalia`
Description	Unrestrainedpartying with more than one couple engaging in sexual intercourse. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bacchanalia' in WordNet: 2. orgy, debauch, debauchery, saturnalia, riot, bacchanal, bacchanalia, drunken revelry - (a wild gathering involving excessive drinking and promiscuity)`
Super-classes	Partygoing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Swinger-Sexual^c hasSubEvent^op value HumanSexualIntercourse^c

Bachelor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bachelor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelor' in WordNet: 1. (2) bachelor, unmarried man - (a man who has never been married)`
Super-classes	Man^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NeverMarried^c

BachelorOfArtsDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BachelorOfArtsDegree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelor of arts' in WordNet: 1. Bachelor of Arts, BA, Artium Baccalaurens, AB - (a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences)`
Super-classes	BachelorsDegree^c

BachelorOfBusinessAdministrationDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BachelorOfBusinessAdministrationDegree`
Description
Super-classes	BachelorsDegree^c

BachelorOfScienceDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BachelorOfScienceDegree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelor of science' in WordNet: 1. (1) Bachelor of Science, BS, SB - (a bachelor's degree in science)`
Super-classes	BachelorsDegree^c

Bachelorette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bachelorette`
Description	NOTE: an older ''NeverMarried'' woman has different terms applied, e.g. 'spinster'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelorette' in WordNet: 1. bachelor girl, bachelorette - (a young unmarried woman who lives alone)`
Super-classes	Woman^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NeverMarried^c

BachelorsDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BachelorsDegree`
Description	The educational degrees normally issued after passing four years of college. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelor's degree' in WordNet: 1. bachelor's degree, baccalaureate - (an academic degree conferred on someone who has successfully completed undergraduate studies)`
Super-classes	EducationalDegree^c
Sub-classes	BachelorOfBusinessAdministrationDegree^c BachelorOfArtsDegree^c BachelorOfScienceDegree^c

Bacillus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bacillus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacillus' in WordNet: 1. bacillus, B - (aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil)`
Super-classes	Eubacterium^c
Sub-classes	Anthrax-Bacterium^c SalmonellaTyphosa^c

Back^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Back`
Description	The dorsal part of a animal body, in vertebrates extending from the neck to the lower end of the spine. In a standing human facing forward, the surface of this part is facing opposite to the way the face is facing. `NOTE that this is not a subtype of 'BackSide', which would include the whole back side of some object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'back' in WordNet: 1. (53) back, dorsum - (the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; 'his back was nicely tanned')`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Torso^c
Sub-classes	BackOfaPerson^c HorseBack^c

Back-to-Back^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Back-to-Back

Description

This ''Back-to-Back'' characterizes two Events that occur without an intervening event of the same type.

      NOTE: the spatial arrangement of being back-to-back is not represented in WN.
      Needs an entry @ToDo.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'back-to-back' in Wordnet:
          1. back-to-back, consecutive - (one after the other; 'back-to-back home runs')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

BackCountry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackCountry`
Description	A ''BackCountry'' is a ''RuralArea'' that is undeveloped and sparsely populated. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'back country' in WordNet: 1. (1) backwoods, back country, boondocks, hinterland - (a remote and undeveloped area)`
Super-classes	RuralArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c

BackOfaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackOfaPerson`
Description	A ''BackOfaPerson'' is a ''Back'' (dorsal part) on a human being (Person). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'back' in WordNet: 1. (53) back, dorsum - (the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; 'his back was nicely tanned')`
Super-classes	Back^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c

BackPay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackPay`
Description	''BackPay'' is a form of ''Remuneration'' for work done earlier for which no Remuneration has yet been given (whether or not it was due earlier). `NO WN or RHW sense. Web dictionary 'back pay': payment for work done in the past that was withheld at the time, or for work that could have been done had the worker not been prevented from doing so. 'Hickman should be provided back pay plus any expenses'`
Super-classes	Remuneration^c
Restrictions	wasaQuidForQuo^op some (WorkingEvent^c or ServiceEventType^c)

BackRest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackRest`
Description	A ''BackRest'' is the back part of a ''SeatingDevice'' that keeps the sitter from falling backward. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'back' in Wordnet: 8. back, backrest - (a support that you can lean against while sitting; 'the back of the dental chair was adjustable')`
Super-classes	FurniturePart^c RearPartOfAnObject^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	supportsPartly^op value BackOfaPerson^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some SeatingDevice^c
Sub-classes	HighBackRest^c

BackSide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackSide

Description

COSMO note: this type includes the part that is distant from (and therefore not seen by) the observer/speaker, in cases where the whole object does not have a distinctive 'front' and 'back'.: e.g. 'the back side of the moon' (i.e. the far side, not seen from Earth)

    Cyc: A specialization of #$Side. Each instance of
        #$BackSide is the entire back side (as conventionally
        understood) of an object that has distinct sides, one of
        which faces backwards.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'back' in WordNet:
          2. (12) rear, back - (the side that goes last or is not normally seen;
          'he wrote the date on the back of the photograph')

Super-classes Side^c

Backache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backache`
Description	An ache that appears to be located inside one's ''Back''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backache' in Wordnet: 1. backache - (an ache localized in the back)`
Super-classes	Ache^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value Back^c

Backbiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backbiting`
Description	''Backbiting'' is a ''ComplainingAboutSomething'' where the something is a Person and the complaining is done to another Person without the object of the complaint being present. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'backbite' in WordNet: 1. backbite, bitch - (say mean things)`
Super-classes	ComplainingAboutSomething^c Speaking^c Criticizing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Critical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cruel^c

Backboard-Basketball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backboard-Basketball`
Description	A ''Backboard-Basketball'' is a Board at the end of a Basketball court that supports the 'net'. at a level about ten feet above the court surface. The restriction describes its orientation (''Vertical'') when in place on the court. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backboard' in WordNet: 1. backboard, basketball backboard - (a raised vertical board with basket attached; used to play basketball; 'he banked the shot off the backboard')`
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c GameEquipment^c SmallObject^c Board^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BasketballGame^c isDesignedToSupport^op value BasketballNet^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c

Backdrop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backdrop`
Description	Usually large - add minimum size?? NOTE: this does not include rigid objects, it has to be flexible fabric. A Rigid rear scene would be an instance of the parent ''StageScenery''. `@ToDo: Locating this is clumsy - need more detail about locations of things in a Room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backdrop' in WordNet: 1. (1) backdrop, background, backcloth - (scenery hung at back of stage)`
Super-classes	FabricObject^c StageScenery^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some RearOfaStage^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some Place^c isLocatedAt^op some BackSide^c

Backfiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backfiring`
Description	''Backfiring'' is to emit a sudden loud 'bang', due to the release of pressure in a manner other than the design function. This is commonly associated with internal combustion engines that release burned gas from a point other than the exhaust pipe. `RHW 'backfire': 1. (of an internal-combustion engine) to have a loud, premature explosion in the intake manifold. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'backfire' in WordNet: 2. backfire - (a loud noise made by the explosion of fuel in the manifold or exhaust of an internal combustion engine) WN verb 'backfire': 2. backfire - (emit a loud noise as a result of undergoing a backfire; 'My old car backfires all the time')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c

Backgammon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backgammon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backgammon' in WordNet: 1. backgammon - (a board game for two players; pieces move according to throws of the dice)`
Super-classes	BoardGame^c
Restrictions	uses^op value PairOfDice^c uses^op value Backgammon-Piece^c uses^op value Backgammon-Board^c

Backgammon-Board^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backgammon-Board

Description

CYC: The collection of all Backgammon boards.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backgammon board' in WordNet:
         1. backgammon board - (the board on which backgammon is played)

Super-classes GameBoard^c
TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
SmallObject^c

Backgammon-EquipmentSet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backgammon-EquipmentSet`
Description	CYC: The collection of all Backgammon sets. A Backgammon set is the set of all the objects -- #$Backgammon-Board, #$Backgammon-Piece, #$Die-TheCube, #$DiceShakers and #$DoublingCube -- that are #$instrument-Generic in a (#$PlayingFn #$Backgammon) event.
Super-classes	BoardGame-EquipmentSet^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value PairOfDice^c hasComponentElement^op exactly 30 hasComponentElement^op value Backgammon-Board^c

Backgammon-Piece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backgammon-Piece`
Description	CYC: The collection of all Backgammon pieces. Sometimes similar to a ''Checker'' which can be used for that purpose.
Super-classes	Device^c GameChip^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value CheckerPiece^c hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c

Background^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Background`
Description	Each instance of 'Background' is a 'View' (a LightPropagationEvent) that is part of a larger 'View' and is generated by objects at a farther distance from the viewer than are the objects in the Foreground. NOTE that this is not part of a picture, or any other PhysicalObject, but part of the Event of light radiation that is visible to an Agent. Instantiating a 'Background' requires specifying the whole 'View' of which is is a part (which in turn requires specifying some Person to whom it was visible). @ToDo: relation to image?? This does not seem to capture all of the sense of 'view' or 'background'; there should be something that causes the LightRaditaionEvent represented. Perhaps this sould be the object that is part of the object that causes the LightPropagationEvent. WordNet hypernym 'view' is 'the visual percept of a region' - not that clear either. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'background' in WordNet: 2. (6) background, ground - (the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground; 'he posed her against a background of rolling hills')
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	wasVisibleTo^op some IntentionalAgent^c isaSubEventOf^op some View^c

BackgroundColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackgroundColor`
Description	A ''BackgroundColor'' is the dominant ColorAttribute of an Object that has more than one Color on its surface (not ''SolidColored'').
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	OrangeBackground^c

BackgroundExperiences^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackgroundExperiences`
Description	This type 'BackgroundExperiences' is any Group of Experiences that a person has had; specific subtypes may be, for example, the sum of all Experiences that a person has had over the lifetime to date, including his/her ethnic, economic and cultural heritage; or may be grouped as experiences relevant to some purpose (as in work experience). Each element of the whole 'BackgroundExperiences' is an individual Experience for that Person. `This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of bacground and noun sense 1 of 'experience' in WordNet: 1. (8) background - (a person's social heritage: previous experience or training; 'he is a lawyer with a sports background') WN noun 'experience': 1. (52) experience - (the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities; 'a man of experience'; 'experience is the best teacher')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Experience^c
Sub-classes	Familiarization^c

Backhoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backhoe`
Description	CYC: The collection of backhoes, a kind of machine used to dig large holes and trenches. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backhoe' in WordNet: 1. backhoe - (an excavator whose shovel bucket is attached to a hinged boom and is drawn backward to move earth)`
Super-classes	EarthMovingVehicle^c Excavator^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Excavating^c

Backlighting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backlighting`
Description	''Backlighting'' is an ''IlluminatingSomethingAction'' Action in which the light comes from 'behind' the Object as viewed by an observer. `RHW noun 'backlighting': a controlled technique of lighting, used in photography or the theater, in which a light is placed behind or at right angles to an object, person, or scene to produce such effects as depth or separation of subject and background.`
Super-classes	IlluminatingSomethingAction^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op value Observer^c

BacklightingEquipment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BacklightingEquipment

Description

''BacklightingEquipment'' is the ''LightingEquipment'' used to light something from behind.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backlighting' in WordNet:
       1. backlighting - (lighting from behind)

Super-classes LightingEquipment^c

Backlog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backlog`
Description	Each ''Backlog'' is some Group of ''UndoneTask''s that should have already been done or need to be done in the near future. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backlog' in WordNet: 1. (1) backlog - (an accumulation of jobs not done or materials not processed that are yet to be dealt with (especially unfilled customer orders for products or services))`
Super-classes	UndoneTasks^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Urgent^c

Backpack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backpack`
Description	A fabric bag having two ''ShoulderStrap''s designed to be carried on the back. The WordNet synonym 'knapsack' is usually used for a large pack, such as carried by hikers or soldiers. This sense includes all sizes. `RHW 'knapsack': a canvas, nylon, or leather bag for clothes, food, and other supplies, carried on the back by soldiers, hikers, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backpack' in Wordnet: 1. backpack, back pack, knapsack, packsack, rucksack, haversack - (a bag carried by a strap on your back or shoulder)`
Super-classes	PortableCarrier^c DurableGood^c NonPoweredDevice^c SomethingToWear^c
Restrictions	isSupportedBy^op value Shoulder^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoShoulderStraps^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fabric^c

BackpackHiking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackpackHiking

Description

''BackpackHiking'' is hiking while carrying a ''backpack'.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backpack' in WordNet:
           1. backpack, pack - (hike with a backpack; 
              'Every summer they are backpacking in the Rockies')

Super-classes CarryingWhileLocomoting^c
Backpacking^c
Hiking^c

Backpacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backpacking`
Description	''Backpacking'' is carrying a ''Backpack'' regardless of the position or state of motion of the person `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backpacking' in WordNet: 1. packing, backpacking - (carrying something in a pack on the back; 'the backpacking of oxygen is essential for astronauts')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Carrying^c
Sub-classes	BackpackHiking^c

BackpackingTent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackpackingTent`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backpacking tent' in WordNet: 1. backpacking tent, pack tent - (a tent that can be carried in a backpack)`
Super-classes	Tent^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Canvas^c

Backpedaling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backpedaling`
Description	''Backpedaling'' is a ''Rethinking'' in which an earlier Opinion on the same topic is changed to accommodate criticism from others. NOTE: this implies that the agent with the earlier opinion asserted it to some other(s) and the opinion was criticized. These prior Events are not yet represented. The term 'backpedal' is often used to refer to the modified assertion rather than the modified opinion.needs supplementation. The WN synset may include modifyig one's asserted opinion. NOTE on backpedal: two other WN synsets are not yet represented. 1. backpedal - (pedal backwards on a bicycle) 2. backpedal - (step backwards, in boxing) Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'backpedal' in WordNet: 3. backpedal - (modify one's opinion, make it less strong)
Super-classes	Rethinking^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some Opinion^c

Backseat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backseat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backseat' in WordNet: 1. backseat - (a secondary or inferior position or status; 'tennis has had to take a backseat while his work is so demanding')`
Super-classes	LowStatus^c

Backstabbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backstabbing`
Description	''Backstabbing'' is a ''Criticizing'' where the Person doing the criticizing was not previously considered as unfrendly, and the action is performed in an ''Underhanded'' manner in the absence of the person criticized. `No WN sense. RHW 'backstab': to attempt to discredit (a person) by underhanded means, as innuendo, accusation, or the like.`
Super-classes	Speaking^c Criticizing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cruel^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Underhanded^c hasTopic^op value Person^c

Backstroke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backstroke`
Description	A ''Backstroke'' is a ''SwimmingStroke'' made by a ''Person'' who is facing up toward the sky. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backstroke' in WordNet: 1. backstroke - (a swimming stroke that resembles the crawl except the swimmer lies on his or her back)`
Super-classes	SwimmingStroke^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value WaterSurface^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

BackupCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackupCopy`
Description	A ''BackupCopy'' is a ''Duplicate'' of some ArtifactObject, created so as to have an instance of the copied thing to use if the 'original' is damaged or lost `Includes but is broader than (includes Objcts other than computer files) noun sense 4 of 'backup' in WordNet: 4. backup, computer backup - ((computer science) a copy of a file or directory on a separate storage device; 'he made a backup in case the original was accidentally damaged or erased')`
Super-classes	Duplicate^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	wasaSubstituteFor^op value OriginalItem^c

Backward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backward

Description

'backward'is an adjective that specifies that motion is a BackwardMotion, i.e. toward the rear of a FrontAndbackSidedObject. The term 'Backwards' is used as a DirectionMeasure.

  Motion that has the attribute 'backward' is a 'BackwardMotion'.

  @ToDo: the difference between this and 'backwards' is not clear.
  Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'backwards' in WordNet:
    1. (4) back, backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards - (at or 
        to or toward the back or rear; 'he moved back'; 'tripped when 
        he stepped backward'; 'she looked rearward out the window of the car')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

BackwardMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackwardMotion`
Description	A Translocation that is in the direction pointed to by the front-to-back vector of a FrontAndBacksidedObject. In some cases this can be termed 'going backwars'.
Super-classes	Translocation^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value ForwardMotion^c

Backyard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backyard`
Description	A ''Backyard'' is the part of the unpaved outdoor space around a building (a ''Yard-BuildingGrounds'') that is located behind the residence, typically on the opposite side of the house from the 'front entrance' or from the street where the house is located. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backyard' in WordNet: 1. (4) backyard - (the grounds in back of a house)`
Super-classes	Yard-BuildingGrounds^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyBehind^op value ResidentialBuilding^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Yard-BuildingGrounds^c isNearTo^op some ResidentialBuilding^c

Bacon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bacon`
Description	This is the substance ''Bacon''; a piece would be an Object having ''Bacon'' as the object of a ''consistsMostlyOfSubstance'' relation. `CYC: Smoked pork - in America, typically served as a breakfast food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacon' in Wordnet: 1. (4) bacon - (back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried)`
Super-classes	BreakfastFood^c Pork^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Smoked^c

Bacterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bacterial`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bacterial' in Wordnet: 1. (14) bacterial - (relating to or caused by bacteria; 'bacterial infection')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c Microbial^c

BacterialInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BacterialInfection`
Description	An instance of #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType, and a specialization of #$Infection. Each instance of #$BacterialInfection is an infection caused by bacteria (see the constant #$Bacterium). Notable specializations of #$BacterialInfection include #$AnthraxInfection, #$Diphtheria, #$Acne, and #$Leprosy. `No general 'bacteria infection' in WN - see subtypes: ''Sepsis'' ''FocalInfection'' ''StrepThroat'' etc. " drugsubstancetype "`
Super-classes	ViralOrBacterialInfection^c
Restrictions	mayBeTreatedBy^op some AntibioticType^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op some PathogenicBacterium^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bacterial^c
Sub-classes	Tularemia^c Leprosy^c Sepsis^c FocalInfection^c Syphilis^c Diphtheria^c StrepThroat^c AnthraxInfection^c TyphoidFever^c Tuberculosis^c RickettsialDisease^c Cholera^c Gonorrhea^c BacterialPneumonia^c Tetanus^c StaphylococcalInfection^c

BacterialPneumonia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BacterialPneumonia`
Description	A bacterial infection of the lungs. Viral pneumonia also exists but is not treated in this unit. Causes coughing, sputum and difficulty in breathing.
Super-classes	Pneumonia^c BacterialInfection^c
Sub-classes	PneumococcalPneumonia^c

Bacteriologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bacteriologist`
Description	A ''Bacteriologist'' is a Microbiologist that specializes in the study of bacteria (''Bacterium'') `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacteriologist' in WordNet: 1. bacteriologist - (a biologist who studies bacteria)`
Super-classes	Microbiologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Bacteriology^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Bacterium^c

Bacteriology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bacteriology`
Description	''Bacterology'' is a branch of Microbiology that specifically studies bacteria. `NOTE: WN seems to use only a portion of the total scope of 'bacteriology' in their gloss. This type is broader, including any study of bacteria. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacteriology' in WordNet: 1. bacteriology - (the branch of medical science that studies bacteria in relation to disease)`
Super-classes	Microbiology^c Medicine^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Bacterium^c

Bacteriophage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bacteriophage`
Description	Also called phages , this is a type of virus which specifically attacks bacteria. `NOTE some strains of phage do not kill their hosts outright, but most do, and the 'canKill' restriction is in any case probabilistic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacteriophage' in WordNet: 1. bacteriophage, phage - (a virus that is parasitic in bacteria; "phage uses the bacterium's machinery and energy to produce more phage until the bacterium is destroyed and phage is released to invade surrounding bacteria")`
Super-classes	Virus^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Bacterium^c canKill^op value Bacterium^c

Bacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bacterium`
Description	CYC: The collection of bacteria; a subset of #$SingleCellOrganism. Each element of #$Bacterium is also an element of #$ProkaryoticCell and of #$Heterotroph. Bacteria are typically incapable of processes of #$Photosynthesis-Bacterial. The class #$Bacterium, also called the Schizomycophyta, is one of the divisions of the #$MoneraKingdom. Many bacteria cause diseases that are instances of #$BacterialInfection in both plants and animals, but some are beneficial or even necessary for life. Compare with the #$BlueGreenAlgae. `SUMO: A small, typically one-celled, prokaryotic Microorganism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacterium' in WordNet: 1. (3) bacteria, bacterium - ((microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered plants)`
Super-classes	MoneraOrganism^c
Sub-classes	SporeFormingBacterium^c AerobicBacterium^c GramNegativeBacterium^c Coccus^c GramPositiveBacterium^c Phototroph^c Streptococcus^c Diplococcus^c Eubacterium^c Heterotroph-Bacterium^c ThermophilicBacterium^c PathogenicBacterium^c

BacteriumType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BacteriumType`
Description	''BacteriumType'' is a metatype which can serve as type for Bacteria.
Super-classes	OrganismType^c
Members	GramPositiveBacterium Diplococcus Eubacterium PathogenicBacterium Bacillus Bacterium Actinomycete GramNegativeBacterium Pneumococcus Rickettsia Clostridium Staphylococcus Spirochete ThermophilicBacterium Coccus AerobicBacterium

Bad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bad`
Description	A very broad EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is deleterious for the purposes against which it is judged. The purposes may be those of the person doing the judging, or those of someone else or of some group. Each attribution of 'bad' must have some purpose as the criterion of 'goodness'. It is approximately equivalent to 'undesirable'. This includes ethical as well as pragmatic 'bad'. 'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad' There are many degrees of badness, and the lesser degrees are not necessarily salient, so this is not a subtype of 'Salient' This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bad' in WordNet: 1. (51) bad - (having undesirable or negative qualities; 'a bad report card'; 'his sloppy appearance made a bad impression'; 'a bad little boy'; 'clothes in bad shape'; 'a bad cut'; 'bad luck'; 'the news was very bad'; 'the reviews were bad'; 'the pay is bad'; 'it was a bad light for reading'; 'the movie was a bad choice')
Super-classes	GoodnessValue^c
Sub-classes	BehindInaCompetition^c Flaming^c Embarrassing^c Unable^c TastelesslyVulgar^c Run-Down^c Disastrous^c Unpleasant^c Unhelpful^c Undesirable^c Abnormal^c Wrong^c Counterproductive^c Poor-Performing^c InsidiouslyHarmful^c Dirty^c Itchy^c Distressing^c Treacherous^c Ruinous^c Egregious^c Worse^c Corrupted^c Inauspicious^c Embarrassed^c Abashed^c Gratuitous^c Unfortunate^c Regrettable^c Devastating^c Impractical^c VeryBad^c Pernicious^c Decayed^c Unsuitable^c Inaccurate^c Execrable^c

BadBreath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadBreath`
Description	A ''BadBreath'' is an exhaled ''Breath'' (a ''Halitus'') that has an offensive odor. The condition called 'halitosis' is not in WN. In RHW: a condition of having offensive-smelling breath; bad breath. That condition is represented by ''Halitosis'' in COSMO. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halitosis' in WordNet: 1. halitosis - (offensive breath)`
Super-classes	Halitus^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stinky^c

BadExperience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadExperience`
Description	A ''BadExperience'' is an ''Unpleasant'' Experience that includes as a minimum some ''Annoyance'', and could be more intense. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bummer' in WordNet: 1. bummer - (an experience that is irritating or frustrating or disappointing; 'having to stand in line so long was a real bummer')`
Super-classes	PersistingEvent^c Experience^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Annoyance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Annoying^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c mayCause^op value Disappointment^c

BadGuy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadGuy`
Description	A 'BadGuy' is any Person (any sex) or GroupOfPeople who performs actions commonly disapproved of by the society in which they live, because the action causes unnecessary harm to one or more other agents. This can be relative, but it is used to refer to those who perform criminal, quasi-criminal actions, or violence or other antisocial actions against their fellow men. Marginally included are those who are 'BadGuy's relative to others in a context, such as the enemy in a war. `In a Fictional context,the 'BadGuy' is often referred to as a 'Villain' (should add 'villain for the fictional character - trying to use subtype ''Baddie'' @rev1685), the antagonist of the 'GoodGuy' or 'Hero' of the story. Corresponds to noun sense 1 2 of 'villain' in WordNet: 1. (2) villain, scoundrel - (a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately) WN noun 'bad person': 1. bad person - (a person who does harm to others)`
Super-classes	Offender^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some AntisocialAction^c
Sub-classes	Assailant^c Thief^c FictionalVillain^c Evildoer^c Criminal^c Rogue^c Wrongdoer^c Baddie^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeeHarveyOswald http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#The911Attackers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericPerpetrator

BadLuckEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadLuckEvent`
Description	Any Event that causes Misfortune (a state) for some Animal (usually a Person). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misfortune' in WordNet. the gloss says 'resulting from' an unfortunate Event, but due to its hypernym ('trouble' - an Event causing distress or pain), the interpretation here is that this is (represents) the unfortunate event. The resulting 'bad luck' is represented as 'Misfortune'. in WordNet: 1. (4) misfortune, bad luck - (unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event)`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Misfortune^c wasCausedBy^op value RandomEvent^c mayBeAffectedBy^op value Fortune-Chance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unfortunate^c
Sub-classes	TragicEvent^c Disaster^c Setback^c

BadMood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadMood`
Description	''BadMood'' is a form of ''Dissatisfaction'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ill humor' in WordNet: 1. ill humor, ill humour, distemper - (an angry and disagreeable mood)`
Super-classes	Dissatisfaction^c Mood^c
Sub-classes	PeevedMood^c

BadTaste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadTaste`
Description	''BadTaste'' is a ''TasteInActions'' (such as speaking in a vulgar or insulting way) that are disapproved by the majority of the community that consider it ''Bad''.
Super-classes	TasteInActions^c BadThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value TastelesslyVulgar^c

BadTasting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadTasting

Description

'BadTasting' is he opposite of 'good tasting', a general phrase meaning that it is unpleasant to the taste. This is not the same as 'tasteless'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tasty' in WordNet:
        1. tasty - - (pleasing to the sense of taste)

Super-classes Unpleasant^c
TasteAttribute^c

BadThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadThing`
Description	A BadThing is a generic class that can be used to label certain types of objects or situations as undesirable, and therefore something to pay attention to, and perhaps to try to avoid or prevent.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bad^c
Sub-classes	Notoriety^c DifficultSituation^c AbusingSomething^c PersonalLoss^c DemotingSomeone^c UndesirableThing^c Insolvency^c Accusation^c Liability^c Jinx^c InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone^c LosingSomething^c BadTaste^c FlawedQuality^c FinancialLiability^c Misfortune^c Disease^c Meddling^c UnpleasantThing^c

Badass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Badass

Description

''Badass'' in this sense is a compliment for someone or some team (such as a sports tem) who performs some type Actions exceptionally well. The term is bordeline vulgar and impolite, but has been used in public by a president of the USA without criticism.

        not  in WN.
        RHW 'badass':
          2.  distinctively tough or powerful; so exceptional as to be intimidating.

        This is the attribute of a Person  characterized as a 'badass'.
          Wiktionary 'badass' (noun):
             2. (US, sometimes considered vulgar, youth slang, positive connotation) 
                 A person considered impressive due to courage, skill, and/or toughness.

Super-classes Impressive^c

Baddie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baddie`
Description	A ''Baddie'' is a fictional ''BadGuy'' who has has a prominent Role in a Movie. `'Black Hat' is not in WN RHW noun 'black hat': 1. a villain, as in a cowboy movie; bad guy. Cf. white hat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baddie' in WordNet: 1. villain, baddie - (the principle bad character in a film or work of fiction)`
Super-classes	BadGuy^c
Restrictions	existsInContext^op some Movie^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fictional^c

Badge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Badge`
Description	A Physical object having some graphical symbolic or text content, that represents an ''Emblem'' of some thing, physical object, event, attribute, group, organization, rank, status, office, position of authority etc., worn on a person's body in some visible external location (unless covered by an outer clothing item like an overcoat or raincoat). This is a broad sense and specific subtypes need to be represented explicitly (as in police badge). Badges often have pins to attach them to clothing, but not necessarily - they can be worn from a string (or lanyard) or have adhesive on the back, to stick (temporarily) to clothing. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'badge' in RHW: 1. a special or distinctive mark, token, or device worn as a sign of allegiance, membership, authority, achievement, etc.: a police badge; a merit badge. 3. a card bearing identifying information, as one's name, symbol or place of employment, or academic affiliation, and often worn pinned to one's clothing. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'badge' in WordNet: 1. (3) badge - (an emblem (a small piece of plastic or cloth or metal) that signifies your status (rank or membership or affiliation etc.); 'they checked everyone's badge before letting them in')
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c IconicImage^c SomethingToWear^c
Sub-classes	PinnableButton^c

BadlyBehaved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadlyBehaved`
Description	'BadlyBehaved' is a very general AttributeValue of people or some animals whose behavior violates some norms, or causes problems unusual for that type of animal. Dogs can be BadlyBehaved if they are aggressive. `For people, the opposite trait would be 'Nice'.`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Unethical^c Unkind^c Naughty^c Mean^c

Badminton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Badminton`
Description	Played on a TennisCourt and uses a ''Shuttlecock'' and a racqet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'badminton' in WordNet: 1. badminton - (a game played on a court with light long-handled rackets used to volley a shuttlecock over a net)`
Super-classes	BallSport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value BadmintonGame^c

BadmintonGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BadmintonGame`
Description	An Action that is an execution of a 'badminton' game.
Super-classes	CourtGame^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value BadmintonGame^c usesDeviceType^op value Shuttlecock^c usesInstrument^op value Racquet^c

Badmouthing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Badmouthing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'badmouth' in WordNet: 1. badmouth, malign, traduce, drag through the mud - (speak unfavorably about; 'She badmouths her husband everywhere')`
Super-classes	Defaming^c

Badness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Badness`
Description	''Badness'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' that disposes people to do acts that harm or offend other people, or are considered immoral. `In WordNet 'badness' is used mostly as an attribute of children, but this concept is more general, labeling the tendency to do any kind of improper action. See ''BadlyBehaved'' and its subtypes for the kind of attributes that this Trait disposes to. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'badness' in Wordnet: 3. naughtiness, mischievousness, badness - (an attribute of mischievous children)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Cruelness^c Naughtiness^c

Baffled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baffled`
Description	''Baffled'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'baffled' in Wordnet: 1. baffled, befuddled, bemused, bewildered, confounded, confused, lost, mazed, mixed-up, at sea - (perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment; 'obviously bemused by his questions'; 'bewildered and confused'; 'a cloudy and confounded philosopher'; 'just a mixed-up kid'; 'she felt lost on the first day of school')`
Super-classes	Perplexed^c
Sub-classes	Disoriented^c

Bafflement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bafflement`
Description	Every element of this collection is a feeling of being baffled or bewildered. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bafflement' in WordNet: 1. bewilderment, obfuscation, puzzlement, befuddlement, mystification, bafflement, bemusement - (confusion resulting from failure to understand)`
Super-classes	Confusion^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value FailingToUnderstand^c

Bag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bag`
Description	CYC; The collection of bags used as containers. NOTE that a 'Bag' is classified as a 'SmallObject',meaning that it can usually be picked up with one hand by the typical user. NOTE that unlike SUMO this type is not restricted to fabric (i.e. woven) materials, as plastic bags are also ''Bag''s. We use the restriction: 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance SubstanceType' in the expectation that the type will be a subtype of 'SheetLikeSubstance'. SUMO: Any Container with one opening which is made manly of a ''SheetOfSomeStuff''. NOTE that this generic bag is only a tranportation container. This is reasonable, because things are put in bags so that they can be conveniently carried, and this applies to the open bags we use to carry things home from the store. To qualify as the more specialized 'PackagingBag', it is necessary for the bag to be designed so that it can be sealed to hold the materials that will be sold or transported in it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bag' in WordNet: 1. (8) bag - (a flexible container with a single opening; 'he stuffed his laundry into a large bag')
Super-classes	FoldableObject^c OpenTopContainer^c ContainerArtifact^c PortableCarrier^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c hasMainPhysicalPart^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	LaundryBag^c ToteBag^c PlasticBag^c PackagingBag^c MoneyBag^c Sack^c SleepingBag^c PaperBag^c TeaBag^c Pouch^c

Bagel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bagel`
Description	A ''Bagel'' is a toroidal 'Roll' that is a traditional FoodObject originating in Jewish communities, and widely eaten in Western contries. `NOTE in CYC ''bread'' is an Object equivalent to COSMO ''BreadObject'', the parent type of ''Roll'' and ancestprtype of this type. CYC: A specialization of #$Bread. Each instance of #$Bagel is a ring-shaped roll with a chewy texture, made from plain yeast dough that is dropped briefly into nearly boiling water and then baked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bagel' in WordNet: 1. bagel, beigel - ((Yiddish) glazed yeast-raised doughnut-shaped roll with hard crust)`
Super-classes	Roll^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Toroidal^c

Baggage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baggage

Description

Baggage is any item carried by a traveller that is not carried directly on the person, whether in a container (e.g. a piece of luggage), or free (such as baby car seats carried on airplanes) It may be heavy checked baggage, or small carry-ons like a portable computer or even a pocketbook.

    NOTE that as a Group, this could be one or more items considered as a unit.

       Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'baggage' in WordNet,
         but this COSMO element is a Group of carrying cases (which could be as
         small as one case):
     in WordNet:
         1. (1) baggage, luggage - (a case used to carry belongings when traveling)

Super-classes ContainerAndContents^c
ObjectGroup^c

BaggingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaggingSomething`
Description	''BaggingSomething''is the Action of putting some ''PhysicalObject''(s) into a ''Bag''.Usually for solid objects,but a liquid might be put into a plastic ''Bag'' that is not porous. `CYC 'Bagging': Putting objects into a bag. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'bag' in WordNet: 5. bag - (put into a bag; 'The supermarket clerk bagged the groceries')`
Super-classes	Loading^c PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value Bag^c

Baggy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baggy

Description

''Baggy'' is the attribute of a Garment the cloth of which does not touch the skin in many places, and leaves room for movement of the body parts covered.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'baggy' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) baggy, loose-fitting, sloppy - (not fitting closely; hanging loosely;
            'baggy trousers'; 'a loose-fitting blouse is comfortable in hot weather')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Baguette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baguette`
Description	A ''Baguette'' is a ''LongRoll'' native to France. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baguette' in WordNet: 1. baguet, baguette - (narrow French stick loaf)`
Super-classes	LongRoll^c
Restrictions	hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#France^c

BailBond^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BailBond

Description

A ''BailBond'' is a QuantityOfMoney that has been transferred to a Court of Law as ''Surety'' for appearance of an arrested suspect at later court proceedings.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bail bond' in WordNet:
          1. bail, bail bond, bond - ((criminal law) money that must be forfeited 
            by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial; 
            'the judge set bail at $10,000'; 'a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman')

Super-classes Surety^c
RealEstate^c

BailingOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BailingOut`
Description	This sense of ''BailingOut'' includes the jumping from an airplane, but also any other case of leaving a place hurriedly to avoid danger, such as when an activity with a group appears to become dangerous, and one or more of the participants leave to avoid the danger.
Super-classes	Fleeing^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op some DangerousSituation^c
Sub-classes	BailingOutOfAnAirplane^c

BailingOutOfAnAirplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BailingOutOfAnAirplane`
Description	''BailingOutOfAnAirplane'' is the act of Parachuting'' from an Airplane while it is in the air in order to escape, usually because the airplane has lost ability to fly. Parachuting for any other purpose is included in the parent type ''Parachuting''.
Super-classes	BailingOut^c Parachuting^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value FlyingAirplane^c

Bait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bait`
Description	Each ''Bait'' is an ''AttractiveObject'' - that is used by some agent to cause an Animal to perform some action that will cause it to become captured. (whether to eat the trapped animal or for any other purpose, including just tagging it). This is mostly used for the ''Bait'' used in fishing or trapping, though the term is used meaphorically as any object that can cause a person to do something they might not otherwise do. This type is considered as a ''Device'', so when used for live bait (as in fishing), it must include the hook and not just the live thing itself. (This Could be refined further to make such distinctions, but since this is a ''Role'' even the live bait itself might be considered as a ''Device'', being placed outside its noremal environment by the trapper.) `This differs from ''TrapDevice'' in that it can refer to only a part of the TrapDevice that serves to lure the animal to be trapped. The thing caught in a ''Trapping'' event is a ''Catch''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bait' in Wordnet: 2. bait, decoy, lure - (something used to lure victims into danger)`
Super-classes	Lure^c Device^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Trapping^c

Baked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baked

Description

An Attribute of Food that has been baked. In Cyc this is the food itself, and COSMO usage differs.

    Cyc: A specialization of #$Cooked.  Food that is
        #$Baked has been prepared in an event of #$BakingFood, using
        a #$RegularOven.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'baked' in WordNet:
             2. (1) baked - ((bread and pastries) cooked by dry heat
             (as in an oven); 'baked goods')

Super-classes Cooked^c

BakedChicken^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakedChicken`
Description	A specialization of CookedFood.
Super-classes	CookedFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Chicken^c
Sub-classes	ChickenParmagiana^c

BakedFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakedFood`
Description	COSMO note: this is the substance. For an Object made of baked food, use 'BakedFoodObject'. `Cyc: A specialization of #$Food. Each instance of #$BakedFood is a foodstuff that has been cooked with dry heat.`
Super-classes	CookedFood^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Baked^c
Sub-classes	Bread^c Pastry^c CherryPieFilling^c CakeStuff^c ApplePieFilling^c

BakedFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakedFoodObject`
Description	A Food object ('SolidFoodArtifact') that has been baked. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'baked goods' (the WN appears in the plural,but this is interpreted as one object) in WordNet: 1. baked goods - (foods (like breads and cakes and pastries) that are cooked in an oven)`
Super-classes	PreparedFood^c SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Baked^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SolidFood^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some BakedFood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Baked^c
Sub-classes	PieCrust^c Cracker^c Pie^c Dumpling^c PastryItem^c Cake^c Cookie^c SliceOfPie^c Biscuit^c FlourBasedObject^c BreadObject^c FreshBakedGoods^c

Baker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baker`
Description	This is a professional 'baker'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baker' in Wordnet: 1. baker - (someone who bakes commercially)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c Person^c Cook^c TradeWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BakingFood^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op some BakingFood^c

BakersYeast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakersYeast`
Description	This entry 'BakersYeast' is used to represent any Yeast of the genus 'Saccharomyces' used to ferment bread, wine, beer, or any other food or drink. `Includes both subtypes of 'yeast' in WordNet: => baker's yeast, brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - (used as a leaven in baking and brewing) => wine-maker's yeast, Saccharomyces ellipsoides - (used in making wine)`
Super-classes	Yeast^c
Sub-classes	SaccharomycesCerevisiae^c

Bakery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bakery`
Description	The place where ''BakedFoodObject''s are made. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bakery' in WordNet: 1. bakery, bakeshop, bakehouse - (a workplace where baked goods (breads and cakes and pastries) are produced or sold)`
Super-classes	Building^c ShelterConstruction^c ManufacturingFacility^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value BakedFoodObject^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Baking^c

Baking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baking`
Description	Heating something in an oven - the most general kind of 'baking'. This includes baking things that are not foods, such as pottery, bricks, and ceramics. For baking foods, use 'BakingFood'. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'bake' in WordNet; sense 1 is a subtype also represented as 'BakingFood': in WordNet: 1. (6) bake - (cook and make edible by putting in a hot oven; 'bake the potatoes') 2. (1) bake - (prepare with dry heat in an oven; 'bake a cake')`
Super-classes	ImpartingAnAttribute^c HeatingProcess^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Oven^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Baked^c
Sub-classes	Frying^c BakingFood^c Baking-Hardening^c

Baking-Hardening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baking-Hardening`
Description	COSMO note: this 'baking' is for hardening of inorganic materials, such as clay, and not for food. This includes any form of 'baking' inorganic materials with heat, including exposing materials to the hot sunlight. ''Firing'' in a kiln is a subtype. `NOTE: Only part of the CYC meaning is used here. CYC: A collection of events, and a subset of #$HeatingProcess. In each #$Baking-Hardening event, a semisolid object is heated to a high temperature in order to transform it to a rigid, hardened, solid state. Examples of this collection include: a particular event in which someone bakes cookie dough into cookies, or fires a clay pot, etc.`
Super-classes	Baking^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Hardening^c hadObjectModified^op value SoftSolidInorganicStuff^c produces^op value RigidObject^c
Sub-classes	KilnFiring^c

BakingBread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakingBread`
Description	CYC: The collection of all actions of baking yeast bread that rises in the oven.
Super-classes	BakingFood^c
Restrictions	produces^op value BreadObject^c

BakingDish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakingDish`
Description	CYC: The most general dish that can be put in the oven, in which food is baked or roasted.
Super-classes	CookingVessel^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BakingFood^c
Sub-classes	MuffinPan^c

BakingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakingFood`
Description	COSMO note: the restrictions specify that Baking produces BakedFood (a substance) and BakedFoodObject (an Object). Either of those products may be encountered in reasoning. NOTE that the restrictions somewhat redundantly specify that the substance 'BakedFood' is produced, and require specifying the actual 'BakedFoodObject'. @ToDo: perhaps allow type of object? e.g. BakedfoodObjectType??? Cyc: A specialization of #$CookingFood. Each instance of #$BakingFood is an event during which which food is baked in an instance of #$RegularOven. After an event of #$BakingFood occurs, the food involved has been baked (see #$Baked). NOTE: this is for baking in an oven. WN has a special word 'ovenbake' that does not appear in RHW - it is included here. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bake' in WordNet: 1. (6) bake - (cook and make edible by putting in a hot oven; 'bake the potatoes') WN verb 'ovenbake': 1. ovenbake - (bake in an oven; 'ovenbake this chicken')
Super-classes	Baking^c CookingFood^c
Restrictions	produced^op some BakedFoodObject^c usedDevice^op value FoodOven^c produces^op value BakedFood^c
Sub-classes	BakingBread^c BakingMuffins^c

BakingMuffins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakingMuffins`
Description	'BakingMuffins'' is the Action of preparing ''Muffin''s by baking them in an oven. ''Muffin''s are usually prepared in bathces of 8 to 12 using a ''MuffinPan''.
Super-classes	BakingFood^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value FoodOven^c produces^op value Muffin^c

BakingSoda^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BakingSoda

Description

Sodium Carbonate, in the form of a powder used in cakes and breads to make them spongy.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baking soda' in Wordnet:
            1. bicarbonate of soda, sodium hydrogen carbonate, 
            sodium bicarbonate, baking soda, saleratus - 
            (a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and
            in baking powders and as an antacid)

Super-classes InorganicSodiumSalt^c
Powder^c
FoodIngredientOnly^c

Balance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balance`
Description	A 'Balance' is a weighing device that has a rigid beam from which at least one pan is supported or suspended. It is used to measure Mass (not weight) by adding weights to one pan (or side) of the beam until the beam is level, in a gravitational field. For accurate balances, the pans may be enclosed in a glass enclosure to eliminate drafts, but for less accurate balances, there may be no enclosure, and the pans may be above the beam rather than suspended from it. A 'one-pan balance' also has a beam, but the weights that balance the material in the pan are added directly to the beam itself, at fixed locations. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'balance' in WordNet: 2. (4) balance - (a scale for weighing; depends on pull of gravity)`
Super-classes	Scale-MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value MassMeasure^c isUsedToMeasure^op value Mass^c

Balanced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balanced

Description

''Balanced'' is a broad general attribute of any Group of things that has components of different type, in which the different types of things are represented in the Group at proportions roughly equal to their proportions in some representative large population of things. 'A balanced selection'; ' 'fair and balanced reporting'

      'PhysicallyBalanced' is a separate type for subtype ''BalancingAnObject''
         for a beam (so it doesn't fall) or an  object that could topple.
         .

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'balanced' in Wordnet:
          1. (12) balanced - (being in a state of proper balance or equilibrium;
            'the carefully balanced seesaw'; 'a properly balanced symphony orchestra'; 
            'a balanced assessment of intellectual and cultural history'; 
            'a balanced blend of whiskeys'; 
            'the educated man shows a balanced development of all his powers')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

BalancingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalancingAnObject`
Description	COSMO note: the CYC parent 'CoordinatedBodyMovement' seems to be a subtype of the actual CYC type 'BalancingSomething', so it is removed. We interpret this type as being the adjustment of the position and orientation of some PhysicalObject or its supporting object(s) in a gravitational field so that it does not topple over. The entertainment act of balancing objects on one's head or nose, or balancing one's own body, are included as subtypes. `CYC: 'BalancingSomething' Physically balancing two things (or two halves of the same thing), by adjusting their mass and distance in relation to a pivot point so that gravity doesn't affect one side more than the other; that is, keeping the two sides in equilibrium. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'balance' in WordNet: 1. (25) balance, equilibrate, equilibrize, equilibrise - (bring into balance or equilibrium; 'She has to balance work and her domestic duties'; 'balance the two weights')`
Super-classes	BalancingForces^c Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value TopplingEvent^c

BalancingForces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalancingForces`
Description	Each 'BalancingForces' is a 'Offsetting' in which some agent or force or process acts to cause a halt in or reduce the effect of changes due to unbalanced forces, to the extent that the effect of one agent nearly or completely cancels the effect of the other, producing a (near) ''Equilibrium''. This is very general, and can include physical, psychological, political, and other kinds of forces and changes. For physically balancing an object so that it does not topple, use 'BalancingAnObject'. The sense included in the WordNet gloss 'She has to balance work and her domestic duties' is included here, but not included in the subtype 'BalancingAnObject'. `Among other things it can mean 'to create an equal distribution' of different types of things. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'balance' in WordNet: 1. (25) balance, equilibrate, equilibrize, equilibrise - (bring into balance or equilibrium; 'She has to balance work and her domestic duties'; 'balance the two weights')`
Super-classes	Offsetting^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Equilibrium^c
Sub-classes	BalancingAnObject^c

Balcony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balcony`
Description	This sense of ''Balcony'' is a (approximately) horizontal platform that is part of a room in a structure, above the floor of the room and below the ceiling of the room, open to the main open space of the Room, and projecting from one or more of the walls of the room, usually the rear wall. It has enough space between it and the ceiling to allow people to walk on it, and usually has a railing to help prevent people from fallng off to the floor. IT may be fully horizotal, or, as in some theaters, sloped somewhat downward toward the front of the room. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'balcony' in WordNet: 1. balcony - (an upper floor projecting from the rear over the main floor in an auditorium)`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c SolidObject^c Platform^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Room^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horizontal^c isAttachedTo^op value Wall^c
Sub-classes	Gallery^c TheaterGallery^c

Bald^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bald

Description

An AttributeValue of a Person having nohead hair, or so little (relative to the norm) that that person is considered 'bald'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bald' in WordNet:
         2. (1) bald, bald-headed, bald-pated - (lacking hair on all or most of the scalp; 
            'a bald pate'; 'a bald-headed gentleman')

Super-classes Hairless^c
PersonAttributeValue^c

BaldEagle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaldEagle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bald eagle' in WordNet: 1. bald eagle, American eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus - (a large eagle of North America that has a white head and dark wings and body)`
Super-classes	Eagle^c

Balding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balding

Description

''Balding'' is the attribute of a Person who is performing a (passive) ''LosingHair'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'balding' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) balding - (getting bald)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Bale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bale`
Description	A ''Bale'' is a large ''Bundle'' of things bound together tightly to enable transport and/or storage. 'bales of hay waiting to be picked up' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bale' in WordNet: 1. (1) bale - (a large bundle bound for storage or transport)`
Super-classes	Bunch^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

BaleenWhale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaleenWhale`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baleen whale' in WordNet: 1. baleen whale, whalebone whale - (whale with plates of whalebone along the upper jaw for filtering plankton from the water)`
Super-classes	Whale^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Krill^c
Sub-classes	BlueWhale^c

Balking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balking

Description

''Balking'' is a ''Disobeying'' that

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'balk' in WordNet:
         1. (3) resist, balk, baulk, jib - (refuse to comply)

Super-classes Disobeying^c

Ball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ball`
Description	COSMO note: this is a Ball used in a game. Balls not used in games (e..g ball bearings) are not instances of this type. NOTE that the SUMO definition requires a spherical shape, but this is not required for the COSMO 'Ball'. NOTE that not all balls are rigid - subtypes need to be specified as such. For inflatable balls,this type includes the balls whether they are inflated or not. If inflated,they can be specified as having the attribute ''Inflated''. Evenwhen inflated, they do not have to be spherical, as for a (American) football. Cyc: An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory and a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Ball is a #$PortableObject, capable of #$RollingOnASurface, which is designed to be moved about (usually thrown, hit, or kicked) as part of some #$Game or recreational activity. Most #$Balls are #$Spheres (or at least #$Spheroids), but some, such as instances of #$FootballBall-American, are not. However, #$Ball is disjoint with #$Cylinder, #$LongAndThinThing, and #$Polyhedron; hence neither a #$FlyingDisc nor a #$Javelin nor a #$Die-TheCube is considered a #$Ball. COSMO note: A 'Ball' can be a football or rugby ball, and therefore need not be close to sphere-shaped. It should have a major/minor axis ratio of less than 2. It can be hard, like a croquet ball. SUMO: Any GamePiece which has the shape of a sphere. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ball' in WordNet: 1. (40) ball - (round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games; 'the ball travelled 90 mph on his serve'; 'the mayor threw out the first ball'; 'the ball rolled into the corner pocket')
Super-classes	ConvexTangibleObject^c BallLikeObject^c GamePiece^c
Sub-classes	BilliardBall^c FootballBall-American^c BowlingBall^c RugbyBall^c CroquetBall^c PingPongBall^c SoccerBall^c GolfBall^c TennisBall^c InflatedBall^c PoloBall^c BaseballBall^c

BallBearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallBearing`
Description	A ''BallBearing'' is a spherical ''BearingObject''. `NOTE: WN includes 'roller bearing' in its 'ball bearing' synset. COSMO breaks that synset in two parts Corresponds to part (for spherical bearings) of noun sense 1 of 'ball bearing' in WordNet: 1. ball bearing, needle bearing, roller bearing - (bearings containing small metal balls)`
Super-classes	BearingObject^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Rotation^c hasShape^op value Spherical^c

BallGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallGame`
Description	Any field sport ''GameEvent'' using a ball. Table tennis is not an instance. Baseball, Football, Volleyball soccer are subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ball game' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ball game, ballgame - (a field game played with a ball (especially baseball))`
Super-classes	GameEvent^c FieldSportsEvent^c PlayingaSport^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value BallSport^c
Sub-classes	BasketballGame^c VolleyballGame^c PoolGame^c CroquetGame^c SoftballGame^c GolfGame^c PoloGame^c BaseballGame^c LacrosseGame^c

BallLikeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallLikeObject`
Description	A ''BallLikeObject'' is a 3-Dimensional ''RoundObject'' that approximately, more or less, has the shape of an ''Ellipsoid'' but may have sufficient deviations from Ellpsoidal or Round character that it should not be classified as a CYC ''Ellpsoid'' which is a subtype of this type. This type is created to include roundish PhysicalObjects that may be too irregular to refer to as ''Ellipsoid'' - for example, a Walnut that has prominent ridges is a subtype of this type but not of ''Ellipsoid''. Most ''EdibleFruit''s are in this category.
Super-classes	ConvexTangibleObject^c Object3D^c RoundObject^c
Sub-classes	Walnut^c Raindrop^c Lime^c Grape^c Almond^c BulbousObject^c Ovoid^c Pumpkin^c Ball^c Lemon^c Plum^c Cherry^c SweetPotato^c Potato^c SphericalObject^c Apple^c Spitball^c Grapefruit^c Ellipsoid^c Pearl^c Apricot^c Orange^c Tomato^c Peach^c FogDroplet^c

BallSport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallSport`
Description	Any Sport in which a ball of any type is used - baseball, football, ping-pong ball, croquet ball. But not a badminton shuttlecock.
Super-classes	Sport^c
Sub-classes	Volleyball^c Baseball^c Golf^c Basketball^c Badminton^c Tennis^c

BalladPoem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalladPoem`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ballad' in WordNet: 2. (2) ballad, lay - (a narrative poem of popular origin)`
Super-classes	Song^c

BalladSong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalladSong`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballad' in WordNet: 1. (3) ballad, lay - (a narrative song with a recurrent refrain)`
Super-classes	Song^c

Ballast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ballast`
Description	RHW: Naut. any heavy material carried temporarily or permanently in a vessel to provide desired draft and stability. `For single objects or a small denumerable Group of Objects is used as ballast, it can be classified as a 'BallastObject'. The term ballast' can be used for some liquid held in tanks to provide stability, or to some object or group of objects (such as a bunk of stones) used for the same purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballast' in WordNet: 1. (1) ballast - (any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airship)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value BallastObject^c

BallastObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallastObject

Description

BallastObject is a PhysicalObject that is used to add weight to the lower part of a vessel or airship and stabilize it against rolling, or to control other behaviors of the conveyance.

     This is one Object or small group of Objects.  If the ballast is composed of 
       objects that can be pumped or piled, that substance could be referred to as
       the substance 'Ballast', and if it is the quantity of liquid substance used
       as ballast in one tank, it can also be referred to as a 'BallastObject'.

     See 'Ballast' for the representation of 'Ballast' as a substance.

     Any object can serve as a BallastObject; a quantity of sea water pumped
     into the ballast tanks is often used; on older wooden ships, heavy 
     stones were used.  Ballast is a Role, not a type of object with definable
     characteristics; sea water used as Ballast is still sea water, but 
     is temporarily playing the Role of Ballast when used that way.

     Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'ballast' in Random House Webster:
     1. Naut. any heavy material carried temporarily or permanently 
         in a vessel to provide desired draft and stability.
     2. Aeron. something heavy, as bags of sand, placed in the car of
        a balloon for control of altitude and, less often, of attitude,
        or placed in an aircraft to control the position of the center
        of gravity.

Super-classes Role^c
PhysicalObject^c

Ballerina^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ballerina

Description

A ''BalletDancer'' is a ''Dancer'' who is skilled at performing some ballet dance, not necessarily aprofessional..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballerina' in WordNet:
          1. (1) ballerina, danseuse - (a female ballet dancer)

Super-classes BalletDancer^c
FemalePerson^c

Ballet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ballet`
Description	''Ballet'' is an artistic form of dancing that is graceful and smooth, and may be focused on the performance of one individual on a stage, though many group ballet numbers are also performed. `ToDo: needs WN parent: stage dancing, choreography - (a show involving artistic dancing) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballet' in WordNet: 1. (4) ballet, concert dance - (a theatrical representation of a story that is performed to music by trained dancers)`
Super-classes	ChoreographedDancing^c EntertainmentPerformance^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value TheaterBuilding^c

BalletDancer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalletDancer`
Description	A ''BalletDancer'' is a ''Dancer'' who is skilled at performing some ballet dance, not necessarily aprofessional.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballet dancer' in WordNet: 1. (1) ballet dancer - (a trained dancer who is a member of a ballet company)`
Super-classes	Dancer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Ballet^c
Sub-classes	Ballerina^c

BalletShoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalletShoe`
Description	CYC: The special shoes worn by classical ballet dancers.
Super-classes	Shoe^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Ballet^c

Ballistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ballistic

Description

'''Ballistic'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to 'BallisticMovementInAir'' and to the trajectory (arc) traced by such movement, and by objects (such as a ''BallisticMisile'') that move in such a path.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ballistic' in Wordnet:
       1. ballistic - (relating to or characteristic of the motion of objects 
          moving under their own momentum and the force of gravity; 'ballistic missile')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

BallisticMissile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallisticMissile

Description

CYC: A collection. Each instance is a #$Missile propelled from a #$MissileLauncher that is often mounted on a #$Platform-Military. A #$BallisticMissile is generally propelled by rockets into the upper atmosphere, and uses the gravitational pull to make its high-speed return to the surface - either land or water surface - where it detonates on contact with the target.

        SUMO: A Missile which is guided for the first stage 
        of its flight but then falls to its target for the second stage.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballistic missile' in WordNet:
          1. (4) ballistic missile - (a missile that is guided 
             in the first part of its flight but falls freely as it approaches target)

Super-classes IndirectFireWeapon^c
Missile^c

BallisticMissileLauncher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallisticMissileLauncher`
Description	A ''BallisticMissileLauncher'' is a ''RocketLauncher'' that 'propels a ''BallisticMissile''.
Super-classes	RocketLauncher^c
Restrictions	propels^op value BallisticMissile^c

BallisticMovementInAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallisticMovementInAir`
Description	Each 'BallisticMovementInAir' is a 'MovementThroughAir' that is unpowered and unsupported by other objects, and is caused by some 'Propelling' Event. Being a 'ballistic' movement does not mean that the object follows a parablolooid arc, the actual path depends on the shape of the object and how it is affected by air resistance; the only implication of this type is that the moving object was impelled and is now free of forces other than gravity and air resistance.
Super-classes	MovementThroughAir^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Impelling^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ballistic^c

BallisticProjectile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallisticProjectile`
Description	A BallisticProjectile is a Projectile that is designed to travel solely under ballistic (gravitational) forces after a short initial impulse is delivered, NOTE that this type is for ArtifactObjects only; a rock that is thrown, by hand or by trebuchet, or other, is not a 'BallisticProjectile' though it may play that Role at some time. This differs somewhat from Cyc 'Projectile-Device' in that weapons such as torpedoes which are under continuous thrust until they hit their target do not have a ballistic trajectory and are therefore not BallisticProjectiles. A bazooka shell, however, though it generates its own thrust, travels mostly after the thrust has stopped and under ballistic forces.
Super-classes	Projectile^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BallisticMovementInAir^c
Sub-classes	BazookaShell^c ArtilleryShell^c

Balloon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balloon`
Description	$Balloon is a specialization of #$Artifact-NonAgentive, #$BilateralObject, and #$DeviceWithNoMovingParts. Each instance of #$Balloon is a physical device made from an elastic and flexible material and filled with gas or air. The #$Balloon tends to be light (sometimes lighter than air). NOTE: the expandable balloons are represented as subtypes (and subtypes of ''Bladder''). Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'balloon' in WordNet: 1. (9) balloon - (small thin inflatable rubber bag with narrow neck) 2. (3) balloon - (large tough nonrigid bag filled with gas or heated air)
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c BilateralObject^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op some (GaseousObject^c or Gas^c or GasType^c or GaseousSubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	WeatherBalloon^c ToyBalloon^c

Ballpark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ballpark`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballpark' in WordNet: 1. (1) ballpark, park - (a facility in which ball games are played (especially baseball games); 'take me out to the ballpark')`
Super-classes	Stadium^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value BallGame^c
Sub-classes	BaseballStadium^c

BallpointPen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallpointPen`
Description	A ''BallpointPen'' is a type of ''Pen'' having ink in a tube with a small 'ball' (about 1 mm) at the writing end. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballpoint pen' in WordNet: 1. ballpoint, ballpoint pen, ballpen, Biro - (a pen that has a small metal ball as the point of transfer of ink to paper)`
Super-classes	FingerSizedObject^c Pen^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value BallLikeObject^c

Ballroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ballroom`
Description	A ''Ballroom''' is a Room in a structure that is used primarily to provide a space for multiple people to dance to music. This can be in a private home (big one, to be sure). More commonly in private homes there is a space that can serve as a ''DanceFLoor''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballroom' in WordNet: 1. (3) ballroom, dance hall, dance palace - (large room used mainly for dancing)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Dancing^c hasPhysicalPart^op value DanceFloor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	Discotheque^c

BallroomDancing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BallroomDancing`
Description	''BallroomDancing'' is a form of dancing that is designed to be performed on a ''DanceFloor'' (not necessarily a dedicated ''Ballroom''), any section of a ''Room' in a house, cabaret, or any kind of room where a ten-by-ten foot section or larger can be cleared of furniture and is smooth enough for people to dance on. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballroom dancing' in WordNet: 1. ballroom dancing, ballroom dance - (any of a variety of social dances performed by couples in a ballroom)`
Super-classes	SocialDancing^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value DanceFloor^c
Sub-classes	FoxTrotting^c Waltzing^c ChaChaing^c Tangoing^c

Balsam^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balsam

Description

A ''Oleoresin'' is a ''NaturalResin'' is a ''Resin'' that is produed by a ''Plant''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'balsam' in WordNet:
           2. balsam - (any of various fragrant oleoresins used in medicines and perfumes)

Super-classes Oleoresin^c

BalsamPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalsamPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'balsam' in WordNet: 1. (1) balsam - (any seed plant yielding balsam)`
Super-classes	Spermatophyte^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Balsam^c

Balsamic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balsamic`
Description	''Acrylic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' that pertains to Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'balsamic' in Wordnet: 1. balsamic, balsamy - (of or relating to or containing balsam; 'a balsamic fragrance')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c PertainingAttributeValue^c

BalsamicVinegar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalsamicVinegar`
Description	A ''BalsamicVinegar'' is a ''Vinegar'' containing ''Balsam''. `No WN sense of 'balsamic vinegar'.`
Super-classes	Vinegar^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Balsamic^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Balsam^c

Baltic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baltic

Description

''Baltic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''TheBalticSea'' or to the area and countries (;the Baltic States') bordering the ''TheBalticSea''.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'Baltic' in Wordnet:
          1. Baltic - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Baltic States 
             or their peoples or languages)
          2. Baltic - (of or near or on the Baltic Sea; 'The Baltic republics')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

BaltimoreOriole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaltimoreOriole`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Baltimore oriole' in WordNet: 1. Baltimore oriole, Baltimore bird, hangbird, firebird, Icterus galbula galbula - (eastern subspecies of northern oriole)`
Super-classes	NorthernOriole^c

Baluster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baluster`
Description	A ''Baluster'' is a ''Rod'' that is part of a ''balustrade'' that supports a ''Rail' in a ''Railing''. `RHW 'baluster': 1. Archit. any of a number of closely spaced supports for a railing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baluster' in WordNet: 1. baluster - (one of a number of closely spaced supports for a railing)`
Super-classes	Rod^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Balustrade^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Railing^c isDesignedToSupport^op value HandRail^c

Balustrade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Balustrade`
Description	A 'Balustrade' is a Group of ''Baluster''s that is a part of a ''Railing'', each ''Baluster'' vertically oriented and the set being aligned parallel to each other in one plane to form a "SheetLike" array that supports a ''Rail'' and together with the sorted '"Rail'' forms a ''Railing''. `NOTE: the word 'balustrade' is sometimes used in the same sense as COSMO ''Railing''. In WN ''Balustrade'' is conflated with the ''Railing'' of which the ''Baluster''s are a part. We reinterpret that WN 'Balustrade'' to be the Group of ''Baluster''s Corresponds to a component part of noun sense 1 of 'balustrade' in WordNet: 1. (3) bannister, banister, balustrade, balusters, handrail - (a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Baluster^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Railing^c

BambooCane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BambooCane`
Description	A rod-like piece of the woody stem of a ''BambooPlant'', harvested and used for various purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bamboo' in WordNet: 1. bamboo - (the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BambooPlant^c hasApproximateShape^op value Rod^c consistsOfSubstance^op value BambooWood^c

BambooPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BambooPlant

Description

CYC: Individual bamboo plants.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bamboo' in WordNet:
         2. bamboo - (woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems;
             mature canes used for construction and furniture)

Super-classes CropPlant^c
GrassFamily^c

BambooShoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BambooShoot`
Description	''BambooShoot''s are eaten by ''Panda''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bamboo shoot' in WordNet: 1. bamboo shoot - (edible young shoots of bamboo)`
Super-classes	FoodObject^c EdibleObject^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BambooPlant^c

BambooWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BambooWood`
Description	The woody substance derived from bamboo plants.
Super-classes	Wood^c

BanOnAbortion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BanOnAbortion`
Description	A ''BanOnAbortion'' is a ''Law'' that is a ''Prohibition'' that makes having or performing an ''Abortion'' ''Illegal''.
Super-classes	Law^c Prohibition^c
Restrictions	isaLimitationOnActionOrRight^op value Abortion^c isProducedByEventType^op value BanningAbortion^c

Banal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banal

Description

''Banal'' is the attribute of something that has become uninteresting due to overuse or too frequent occurrence.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'banal' in Wordnet:
      1. banal, commonplace, hackneyed, old-hat, shopworn, stock, threadbare, timeworn, 
          tired, trite, well-worn - (repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse;
          'bromidic sermons'; 'his remarks were trite and commonplace'; 'hackneyed phrases'; 
          'a stock answer'; 'repeating threadbare jokes'; 'parroting some timeworn axiom';
          'the trite metaphor 'hard as nails'')

Super-classes Frequent^c
Common^c

Banana^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banana`
Description	A Fruit that is produced by the tropical plant Musa paradisiaca, having an elongated slightly curved shape, typically about 6 to 9 inches in length, tapering at both ends, and a thick yellow rind when ripe. It flesh is soft, sweet (when ripe) and whitish colored. Its profile shape (when oriented with the stem at the top and viewed from the side) is sufficently distinctive to be recognizable as a silhouette. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'banana' in WordNet: 2. (1) banana - (elongated crescent-shaped yellow fruit with soft sweet flesh)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value CrescentShaped^c hasShape^op value TubeShaped^c hasColor^op value YellowColor^c

Band-MusicGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Band-MusicGroup`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc a Band is an Organization (as is an ''Orchestra'').. In COSMO it is a GroupOfPeople, The reason is that all bands have some kind of organization, but not all necessarily have a set of organizing principles. Some larger and more stable bands may qualify as Organizations, but that would be a subtype, to be added when required. This type is only for those who play musical instruments. Bands, unlike orchestras, rarely or never use stringed instruments, but mostly wind and percussion. ???Bands may or may not create new compositions; here we assert that they 'can' create such (though many do not). Cyc: A collection of music performance organizations. An element of #$Band-MusicGroup is a (small or large) group of musicians who play non-Classical music together on either a regular or intermittent schedule. For example, the #$RollingStones or the University of Texas marching band -- but not the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'band' in WordNet: 2. (8) band - (instrumentalists not including string players)
Super-classes	MusicGroup^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value MusicalComposition^c hasComponentElement^op only MusicalPerformer^c performsAction^op value PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Sub-classes	JazzBand^c DanceBand^c

BandOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BandOfPeople`
Description	Each 'BandOfPeople' is a GroupOfPeople who are associated by some common interest or activity, but are not organized in any formal way. A minimum size of 3 makes it a ''Bunch''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'band' in WordNet: 1. (12) set, circle, band, lot - (an unofficial association of people or groups; 'the smart set goes there'; 'they were an angry lot')`
Super-classes	LocalGroup^c SocialGroup^c
Sub-classes	CarPool^c Huddle^c Gang^c ActivityTypeFocusGroup^c

BandOfValues^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BandOfValues`
Description	Each 'BandOfValues' is a contiguous Group of .AttributeValues from some Group of AttributeValues that are all of the same AttributeType, and are linearly ordered by some ordering principle. This includes AttributeValues that are quantitative (see the subtype 'ValueRange') and qualitative, as long as they can be ordered. For the kind of ''BandOfValues'' for data amenable to statistical analysis use subtype ''Distribution''. NOTE that this can be treated as an AttributeValue, i.e. instances can be objects of the 'hasAttributeValue' relation, and the Group that is an instance of this also has instances of a QuantitiveAttribute as members. See 'RadioFrequencyBand' for radio bands. This includes but is much broader than sense 6 of 'band' (includes multiple quantitative measures of any kind) in Wordnet: 6. (1) band - (a range of frequencies between two limits)
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ValueRange^c RadioFrequencyBand^c ConfidenceInterval^c Distribution^c

BandShaped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BandShaped`
Description	BandShaped is the property of an object that is thin in one dimension, thicker in one other dimension, and long in the third dimension,with the object connected to itself at its two ends in the longest dimension. In some respects,it resembles a torus, but is not round in cross-section. The ratio of width to length (longest dimension, circling back on itself) can vary greatly among instances of BandShaped objects. Typical examples are the drive belts of motors, small rubber bands, hair bands, continuous conveyor belts, etc. BandShaped objects can be large, as in machinery or long conveyor belts. For Loops that do not consist of a flat strip closed on itself but are rounder in cross-section, use the parent 'LoopShaped'.
Super-classes	LoopShaped^c

BandShapedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BandShapedObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is BandShaped. The subtypes include bands that are stretched flat and those that are looped in a closed form, such as bands to tie things and wedding bands. Includes noun senses 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of 'band' in WordNet: 4. (2) band, banding, stripe - (an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material) 7. (1) band - (a thin flat strip of flexible material that is worn around the body or one of the limbs (especially to decorate the body)) 8. isthmus, band - (a cord-like tissue connecting two larger parts of an anatomical structure) 9. ring, band - (jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; 'she had rings on every finger'; 'he noted that she wore a wedding band') 10. band - (a thin flat strip or loop of flexible material that goes around or over something else) 11. band, ring - (a strip of material attached to the leg of a bird to identify it (as in studies of bird migration)) 12. band - (a restraint put around something to hold it together)
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value BandShaped^c
Sub-classes	Frieze^c Collar^c HairBand^c LoopedBand^c HatBand^c ClothingAcessoryBand^c OrnamentalBand^c

Bandage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bandage`
Description	The soft things that are used to cover and protect wounds. `COSMO note: SUMO specifies fabric,but we want to allow plastic, as in plastic band-aids. So 'Fabric' is left out, but a bandage must be a 'FreeSheet'. SUMO: A piece of Fabric that is used to cover an open wound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bandage' in WordNet: 1. (6) bandage, patch - (a piece of soft material that covers and protects an injured part of the body)`
Super-classes	Device-OneTimeUse^c SheetArtifact^c NonPoweredDevice^c MedicalDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Injury-Object^c
Sub-classes	Truss^c Tourniquet^c Sling^c

Bandit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bandit`
Description	A ''Bandit'' is a Thief (any sex) who robs from people using some weapon(s) to threaten the victim, and typically is a member of a Group (a 'band') of Bandits. `(isTypicallyaPartOf BandOfBandits ??) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bandit' in WordNet: 1. (3) bandit, brigand - (an armed thief who is (usually) a member of a band)`
Super-classes	Robber^c Thief^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Robbery^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Armed^c

Bandwagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bandwagon`
Description	A ''Bandwagon'' 'is a ''Fashion'' that has increasing numbers of followers. `NOTE: there may be a sense of 'bandwagon' that represents the people who are following the trends,but that sense is not in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bandwagon' in WordNet: 1. bandwagon - (a popular trend that attracts growing support; 'when they saw how things were going everybody jumped on the bandwagon')`
Super-classes	Fashion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Trendy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Popular^c

Bandwidth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bandwidth

Description

''Bandwidth' is an ''InformationMeasure'' for channels of Communication, that expresses the quantity of ''Information'' that can be transmitted in any given interval of time, i.e. the rate of Information transmission.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bandwidth' in WordNet:
         1. (1) bandwidth - (a data transmission rate; the maximum amount 
           of information (bits/second) that can be transmitted along a channel)

Super-classes Frequency^c
InformationMeasure^c

Bang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bang`
Description	A ''Noise'' that is sudden and loud and of short duration. a ''Bang'' tends to be of higher pitch than a 'boom' sound. A small explosive device such as a firecracker may produce a ''Bang'', or sometimes the slamming of a door. A large explosion will tend to produce a ''Boom''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bang' in Wordnet: 2. (2) bang, clap, eruption, blast, bam - (a sudden very loud noise)`
Super-classes	Noise^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c

Bangle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bangle`
Description	A 'Bracelet'' that is ''Rigid''. It is donned by inserting the hand into it. `RHW: a rigid, ring-shaped bracelet usually made without a clasp so as to slip over the hand, but sometimes having a hinged opening and a clasp. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'bracelet' in WordNet: 2. bracelet, bangle - (jewelry worn around the wrist for decoration)`
Super-classes	Bracelet^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c

Banishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banishing`
Description	'blackball' is used to not allow a person into a group, not usually to cast them out. 'shun' is mostly used for not associating or talking to someone; here it means to expel one. NOTE: this synset 'ban' is also used for 'excluding' a Person not yet a member of a Group, as well as expelling. Not clear whether the WordNet synset intends both. " Banished to Bogeyland " (from 'Babes in Toyland' 1934 movie). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'banish' in WordNet: 1. (3) banish, ban, ostracize, ostracise, shun, cast out, blackball - (expel from a community or group)
Super-classes	ExpellingaPerson^c
Restrictions	patientAssumesRole^op value Exile^c

Banister^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banister`
Description	A stairway railing and the upright posts that support it. This is the railing on the outer side of an open stairwell. Also called a balustrade, not for the horizontal rail on a Balcony. `Corresponds to part (for a stairwell) of noun sense 1 of 'banister' in WordNet: 1. (2) bannister, banister, balustrade, balusters, handrail - (a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling)`
Super-classes	StairRail^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sloped^c

Banjo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banjo

Description

stringed instrument of the guitar family.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'banjo' in WordNet:
          1. (1) banjo - (a stringed instrument of the guitar family 
             that has long neck and circular body)

Super-classes MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c
StringInstrument^c

Bank-Topographical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bank-Topographical`
Description	An elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation. `For the 'bank' of a river use subtype ''RiverBank''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bank' in WordNet: 2. (99) bank - (sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water); 'they pulled the canoe up on the bank'; 'he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents')`
Super-classes	LandTopographicalFeature^c
Sub-classes	RiverBank^c

BankAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankAccount`
Description	CYC: The collection of bank acounts. NOTE that for the purpose of specifying who created the account, we use an instance of 'BankOrganization', indicating where the account is held. The owner of the account is related by a separate relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bank account' in WordNet: 1. (1) bank account - (a fund that a customer has entrusted to a bank and from which they can make withdrawals; 'he moved his bank account to a new bank')`
Super-classes	FinancialAccount^c FinancialAsset^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c isLocatedAt^op value BankOrganization^c isManagedBy^op some BankOrganization^c
Sub-classes	CheckingAccount^c SavingsAccount^c

BankAndCustomer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankAndCustomer`
Description	Each ''BankAndCustomer'' is Group composed of one Bank and one ''LegalAgent''.
Super-classes	PluralThing^c TwoAgentGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some IntelligentAgent^c hasComponentElement^op some BankOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankAndPat

BankBuilding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankBuilding

Description

CYC: The collection of all buildings that house portions of instances of #$BankOrganization that deal with everyday banking transactions, such as transfers of funds into and out of bank accounts.

        NOTE: this is for buildings that are identifiable as primarily bank buildings,
        usually having most of the space occupied by a BankOrganization; for  smaller
        spaces dedicated to banking, located within bildings that have other primary purposes
        (malls, supermarkets), use 'BankSpace'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bank' in WordNet:
          4. (54) bank, bank building - (a building in which the business of
          banking transacted; 'the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon')

Super-classes BankSpace^c
Building^c
FinancialFacility^c

BankOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankOrganization`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Organizations that are in the banking business, whether in the private or public sector. An instance of #$BankOrganization may be as large and as multinational in character as #$BankOfAmerica or as small and local as the branch of the UT Federal Credit Union located on Guadalupe Street. `NOTE: this type is the Organization that is a Bank for the building, see 'BankBuilding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bank' in WordNet: 1. (883) depository financial institution, bank, banking concern, banking company - (a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities; 'he cashed a check at the bank'; 'that bank holds the mortgage on my home')`
Super-classes	CommercialServiceOrganization^c FinancialOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericCosmoBank

BankSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankSpace`
Description	Some space in a structure where a bank does business. Conceivably, this may not be inside a building, though it usually is. An outdoor kiosk is possible. For a building that is primarily owned by and used by a BankOrganization, use 'BankBuilding'. 'There's a bank located inside the local ShopRite'. This includes Credit Unions, for example, located inside a company's building to serve employees of that company. `The closest noun sense is sense 4 of 'bank' in WordNet: 4. (54) bank, bank building - (a building in which the business of banking transacted; 'the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon')`
Super-classes	FinancialFacility^c
Sub-classes	BankBuilding^c

BankVault^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankVault`
Description	A room or sub-region of a room in which valuables (see #$Valuable-PersonalPossession) are kept and locked up. Can be found in banks, hotels, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bank vault' in WordNet: 1. vault, bank vault - (a strongroom or compartment (often made of steel) for safekeeping of valuables)`
Super-classes	StorageRoom^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value BankSpace^c

Banker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banker`
Description	CYC: The collection of bankers. `SUMO: Any 'SkilledWorker' who works in a FinancialBank - not the usage for job titles in banks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'banker' in WordNet: 1. (9) banker - (someone who owns or is an executive in a bank)`
Super-classes	BusinessPerson^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value BankOrganization^c

Banking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banking`
Description	''Banking'' is any Action that involves borowing or lending money (including saving money and maintaining an account) performed at or by a ''Bank'' or similar financial Organization. @ToDo: NOTE that the WN sense represents the actions performed at a BankBuilding, but this type is also an instance of ''TopicType'' and can be treated as a Topic (a subject of study) Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'banking' in WordNet: 1. banking - (engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc.) 2. banking - (transacting business with a bank; depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan etc.)
Super-classes	Finance^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value BankBuilding^c wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Finance^c isPerformedBy^op value BankOrganization^c

BankingConvenience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BankingConvenience`
Description	''BankingConvenience'' is the kind of ''DesiredFutureSituation'' that motivates Agents to create and maintain a bank account - of any kind.
Super-classes	DesiredFutureSituation^c ConvenienceState^c

Bankrupt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bankrupt

Description

''Bankrupt'' is the attribute of a LegalAgent (person or company) whose debts exceed its assets and is unable to pay debts on time.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bankrupt' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) bankrupt, belly-up - (financially ruined; 'a bankrupt company'; 
             'the company went belly-up')

Super-classes Broke^c

Bankruptcy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bankruptcy`
Description	''Bankruptcy'' is a form of ''Insolvency''where the bankrupt Agent (Person or Organization) cannot get enough money to pay debts on time. This may make an Agent eligible for bankruptcy protection under law. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bankruptcy' in WordNet: 2. (1) bankruptcy, failure - (inability to discharge all your debts as they come due; 'the company had to declare bankruptcy'; 'fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks')`
Super-classes	Insolvency^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Bankrupt^c isPerformedBy^op some LegalAgent^c isTheInabilityToPerformActionType^op value RepaymentEvent^c

Banned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banned

Description

''Banned''is the AttributeValue of something (Includes as objects ''IllegalSubstance''s, a shortcut to 'using' such substances) as well as an Action that is not ''Permitted''.

       NOTE: This is similar to ''Forbidden''. Perhaps this 
       has a different usage - for substances??  (see ''IllegalDrug'')
       Needs more consideration, with  references to usage.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'banned' in Wordnet:
           1. banned, prohibited - (forbidden by law)

Super-classes Forbidden^c

Banner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banner

Description

A ''Banner'' is a longer than wide SheetArtifact, made of paper or cloth, that may be hung from any support or carried supported on two or more poles, usually having text on it, but possibly only symbols, that may represent any of many types of things people want to say; e.g. the name of a group marching in a parade assertion of a feeling,political position, or ideology demands for action by some authority advertising of some product or place of business

       A ''Flag''may be referred to as a 'banner', but that usage is
          a different sense of the word.

        NOTE: this WN sense of ''Banner''' is a subtpye of ''Flag'' in WN,but 
             this is not a subtype of ''Flag'' in COSMO.
       Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'banner' in WordNet:
           1. (4) banner, streamer - (long strip of cloth or paper
             used for decoration or advertising)

Super-classes SheetArtifact^c
Surface-Open^c

BanningAbortion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BanningAbortion`
Description	''BanningAbortion'' is a ''MakingAnActionIllegal'' (subtype of ''Legislating'') Action that creates a Law making ''Abortion'' illegal.
Super-classes	MakingAnActionIllegal^c
Restrictions	produces^op value BanOnAbortion^c

Banquet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banquet`
Description	A ''Banquet'' is a ceremonial ''Feasting'' that is also a ''DinnerParty'', held to celebrate some specific .notable ocasion, such as a graduation or award presentation. A ''Banquet'' is typically too large for a typical dining room (has too many guests) and is usually lavish and organized for some special occasion. For a sumptuous ''Feast'' that is not a celebration of some special Event use the parent ''Feast''. This includes both senses of 'wine and dine' in WordNet, transitive (providing a Feast) and intransitive (eating the Food) Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'banquet' in WordNet: 1. (2) banquet, feast - (a ceremonial dinner party for many people) WN verb 'wine and dine': 1. wine and dine - (eat sumptuously; 'we wined and dined in Paris') 2. wine and dine - (provide with food and drink, usually lavishly)
Super-classes	DinnerParty^c Feasting^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op only Attendee^c

Banshee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Banshee

Description

CYC: The collection of all banshees. The #$Banshee is a supernatural being in Irish and other Celtic folklore whose mournful 'keening,' or wailing screaming or lamentation, at night was believed to foretell the death of a member of the family of the person who heard the spirit. The word 'banshee' is a phonetic spelling of the Irish 'bean sidhe'.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'banshee' in WordNet:
            1. (3) banshee, banshie - ((Irish folklore) a female spirit who wails to 
               warn of impending death)

Super-classes SentientAnimal^c
MythicalThing^c
FemaleAnimal^c

Baptism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baptism

Description

CYC: The collection of events in which someone - usually, but not exclusively, a baby - is admitted into a religion - typically a Christian church - by being sprinkled with, or immersed in, water. For babies this is often associated with giving the person baptised a Christian name, but the naming is not a necessary part, as the person may already have that name assigned shoprtly after birth.

        This includes intransitive and transitive senses, baptizing and being
          baptized.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baptism' and verb sense 1 of 'baptize'  in WordNet:
             1. baptism - (a Christian sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth;
              'most churches baptize infants but some insist on adult baptism')
           WN verb 'baptize':
             1. (8) baptize, baptise, christen - (administer baptism to; 
                'The parents had the child baptized')

Super-classes Sacrament^c

Baptist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baptist

Description

CYC: The collection of all persons who believe in the obligation of being baptized by immersion.

        RHW: a member of a Christian denomination that baptizes believers
            by immersion and that is usually Calvinistic in doctrine.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Baptist' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) Baptist - (follower of Baptistic doctrines)

Super-classes ProtestantPerson^c

Bar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bar`
Description	A ''Bar'' is ''Rod'' that is part of a larger Device, either to provide a grasping object for some form of control (e.g. a ''Handrail'', 'Barbell') (as in handle bars of a bicycle), or as part of a ''Grating'' to block movement of animals, as in the bars of a cage or jail cell. `@ToDo: Gold and silver bars are not included - add 'ingot'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar' in WordNet: 3. (4) bar - (a rigid piece of metal or wood; usually used as a fastening or obstruction or weapon; 'there were bars in the windows to prevent escape')`
Super-classes	Rod^c Bar-Object^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	HandleBar^c MonorailRail^c RailroadRail^c HandRail^c Barbell^c Shackle^c

Bar-Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bar-Object`
Description	COSMO note: the is the most generic sense of 'bar' for solid objects; a Bar may be circular in cross-section, rectangular, or trapezoidal, as with ingots of metals. The cross-section of a bar should be relatively constant throughout its length, except for the ends. It can be of any solid material, such as a bar of chocolate or iron. A Bar-Object is commonly but not necessarily uniform in composition throughout its length. When linguistic references mention a substance ('chocolate bar', 'iron bar' 'bar of gold') the default assumption will be that the bar does have a uniform composition. A 'bar of soap' can be round, so this is not necessarily trapezoidal and is not a subtype of 'Block'. Use this for a 'bar of soap' or a 'bar of gold' (e.g.). Cyc: The collection of all bars. A bar is a solid object that is longer than it is wide. This includes noun senses 3, 5, and 10 of 'bar' in Wordnet: 3. (4) bar - (a rigid piece of metal or wood; usually used as a fastening or obstruction or weapon; 'there were bars in the windows to prevent escape') 5. (1) bar - (an obstruction (usually metal) placed at the top of a goal; 'it was an excellent kick but the ball hit the bar') 10. cake, bar - (a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax); 'a bar of chocolate')
Super-classes	DryObject^c
Sub-classes	BarOfStuff^c Bar^c Block^c

BarChart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarChart`
Description	A rectangular ''GraphicalIllustration'' having two axes, depicting relations between objects and/or attributes, in which quantities are represented on one axis (horizontal or vertical) by bar-like lines, having a thickness chosen for convenience and length representing some quantity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar graph' in Wordnet: 1. bar chart, bar graph - (a chart with bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities)`
Super-classes	GraphicalIllustration^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rectangular^c hasShape^op value Rectangular^c

BarCode^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarCode

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar code' in WordNet:
         1. bar code, Universal Product Code - 
             (code consisting of a series of vertical bars of variable width
             that are scanned by a laser; printed on consumer product packages 
             to identify the item for a computer that provides the price and 
             registers inventory information)

Super-classes Code^c

BarCodeData^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarCodeData`
Description	Each ''BarCodeData''is the abstract digital representation of a ''BarCode'', especially one created by a ''BarCodeScanner'' or the reference code stored for comparison with the codes read by a ''BarCodeScanner''.
Super-classes	ComputerFile-Abstract^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some BarCode^c isLocatedAt^op value InformationStorageMediumObject^c

BarCodeScanner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarCodeScanner`
Description	CYC: 'Scanner-Optical': Devices which read bar codes with a laser beam. Often found in grocery stores. `Often used at 'point of sale' to read the ID code of a product, and get the price to add to the cost of the purchase, and to adjust the store's inventory.`
Super-classes	ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor^c Scanner^c ComputerInputDevice^c SensorDevice^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value BarCodeData^c

BarMitzvah^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarMitzvah

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar mitzvah' in WordNet:
          1. bar mitzvah - ((Judaism) an initiation ceremony marking the 13th birthday 
             of a Jewish boy and signifying the beginning of religious responsibility; 
             'a bar mitzvah is an important social event')

Super-classes ReligiousCeremony^c
Rite^c
RiteOfPassage^c

BarOfIvorySoap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarOfIvorySoap`
Description	A ''BarOfIvorySoap'' is a ''BarOfSoap'' that is or looks like the white soap made under the product name 'Ivory Soap'. Ivory also makes powdered soap.
Super-classes	BarOfSoap^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value White^c

BarOfSoap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarOfSoap`
Description	A ''BarOfSoap'' is a hand-sized solid ''Bar'' .
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c BarOfStuff^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Soap^c
Sub-classes	BarOfIvorySoap^c

BarOfStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarOfStuff`
Description	A ''BarOfStuff'' is a solid object consisting mostly of some substance, hand-sized and usually liftable with one hand (though some silver or gold bars can weigh up to 100 pounds - or more?). As a ''Block'' its shape should approximate a 'rectangular parallellopiped' - this requirement is interpreted as only an approximation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar' in Wordnet: 10. cake, bar - (a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax); 'a bar of chocolate')`
Super-classes	Bar-Object^c SmallObject^c Block^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	ShreddedWheatBiscuit^c GranolaBar^c BarOfSoap^c Ingot^c CandyBar^c

BarOrWireType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarOrWireType`
Description	''BarOrWireType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for classes of long and thin solid objects like bars or wires.
Super-classes	SolidObjectType^c
Members	Bar Rod MetalStrip Wire

BarTender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarTender`
Description	A ''BarTender'' is a ''Worker'' who is tending a bar or often or as an occupation tends bar, but not necessarily as an occupation, and notnecessarily for pay; a ost or one of the guests at a party might tend bar at that party, and for that period of time will have the ''Role'' of ''BarTender''. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'bartender' (but notnecessarily an employee) in WordNet: 1. (2) bartender, barman, barkeep, barkeeper, mixologist - (an employee who mixes and serves alcoholic drinks at a bar)`
Super-classes	ServiceProvider^c Worker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value TendingBar^c

Barb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barb`
Description	A small length of metal wire wrapped into a length of ''BarbWire'', having pointed ends . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barb' in Wordnet: 2. barb - (the pointed part of barbed wire)`
Super-classes	PointyEndedObject^c SmallObject^c Wire^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value BarbWire^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

BarbWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarbWire`
Description	''BarbWire'' is a type of SteelWire having barbs at regular intervals to be used as a barrier to movement of animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barbwire' in Wordnet: 1. barbed wire, barbwire - (strong wire with barbs at regular intervals used to prevent passage)`
Super-classes	SteelWire^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op value BarbWireFence^c hasComponentPart^op value Barb^c

BarbWireFence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarbWireFence`
Description	A ''BarbWireFence'' is a ''Fence'' using ''BarbWire'' as the horizontal component held by posts. The sharp barbs in the BarbWire cause animals to avoid trying to cross through or over it.
Super-classes	Fence^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value BlockingTheWay^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value BarbWire^c

Barbaric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barbaric

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'barbaric' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) barbarian, barbaric, savage, uncivilized, uncivilised, wild -
            (without civilizing influences; 'barbarian invaders'; 'barbaric practices';
            'a savage people'; 'fighting is crude and uncivilized especially 
            if the weapons are efficient'-Margaret Meade; 'wild tribes')

Super-classes SocialStatusAttribute^c

Barbecued^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barbecued

Description

''Barbecued'' is the attribute of some ''FoodObject'' that was cooked in a ''Barbecueing'' (transitive) Action.

      'barbecued beef' - Yum!

       Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'barbecued' in Wordnet:
         1. barbecued, grilled - (cooked over an outdoor grill)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Grilled^c

Barbecueing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barbecueing`
Description	''Barbecueing'' is a type of ''Grilling'' that uses an outdoor 'barbecue' and may include adding sauces to the Food in the barbecueing process. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'barbecue' in WordNet: 1. barbeque, barbecue, cook out - (cook outdoors on a barbecue grill; 'let's barbecue that meat'; 'We cooked out in the forest')`
Super-classes	GrillingFood^c OutdoorActivity^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Barbecued^c

Barbell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barbell`
Description	A ''Barbell'' is a ''Bar'' designed to hold heavy 'weight' discs and be used to create ''FreeWeight''s of more than one weight for ''Weightlifing''. Compares with similar ''Dumbbell-Weight'' which can be of only one mass value. This is considered as a ''WeightDevice'' itself. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barbell' in WordNet: 1. (5) barbell - (a bar to which heavy discs are attached at each end; used in weightlifting)`
Super-classes	MetalRod^c Shaft^c WeightDevice^c Bar^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	supports^op value FreeWeight^c

Barber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barber`
Description	A person who cuts the HeadHair or facial hair of clients to make their appearance more pleasing (to someone). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barber' in Wordnet: 2. barber - (a hairdresser who cuts hair and shaves beards as a trade)`
Super-classes	Hairdresser^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicActivity^op value CuttingHair^c

Barbiturate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barbiturate

Description

An addictive family of drugs which are used as sedatives, hypnotics, and anti-spasmodics.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barbiturate' in WordNet:
          1. (1) barbiturate - (organic compound having powerful
              soporific effect; overdose can be fatal)

Super-classes PrescriptionDrug^c
AddictiveSubstance^c
Sedative-Hypnotic^c

Bard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bard`
Description	Vaguely defined, a term used commonly of Shakespeare. `RHW 'bard': 1. (formerly) a person who composed and recited epic or heroic poems, often while playing the harp, lyre, or the like. 2. one of an ancient Celtic order of composers and reciters of poetry. 3. any poet. 4. the bard, William Shakespeare. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bard' in WordNet: 1. bard - (a lyric poet)`
Super-classes	Poet^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Poetry^c

Bare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bare`
Description	The attribute of an PhysicalObject that has no covering over it. 'Naked' is the term specifically referring to unclothed people, synonymous with 'Nude'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'bare' in WordNet: 3. unsheathed, bare - (not having a protective covering; 'unsheathed cables'; 'a bare blade')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Naked^c

Barefoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barefoot`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'barefoot' in Wordnet: 1. (2) barefoot, barefooted, shoeless - (without shoes; 'the barefoot boy'; 'shoeless Joe Jackson')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Naked^c

BarefootPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarefootPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people having nothing on their feet.
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Barefoot^c

BargainPriced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BargainPriced

Description

''BargainPriced'' is a specialization of 'Inexpensive', used for ''Purchase''s that were bought at a price significantly lower than the usual price for an object of that type. This is strictly relative, as something can be ''BargainPriced'' and still very expensive on an absolute scale - even too expensive for most people to consider buying ('a bargain-priced yacht').

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bargain priced' in WordNet:
      1. (1) bargain-priced, cut-rate, cut-price - (costing less than standard price;
       'buying bargain-priced clothes for the children'; 'cut-rate goods')

Super-classes Inexpensive^c

BargainPurchase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BargainPurchase`
Description	Each ''BargainPurchase'' is a ''Purchase'' (the thing obtained in a ''Buying'' transaction) that is significantly less expensive than usual for that type of thing. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bargain' in Wordnet: 2. bargain, buy, steal - (an advantageous purchase; 'she got a bargain at the auction'; 'the stock was a real buy at that price')`
Super-classes	Role^c Purchase^c
Restrictions	wasAcquiredInEvent^op some Buying^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BargainPriced^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Advantageous^c

Bargaining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bargaining`
Description	''Bargaining'' is a specialization of ''Negotiating'' mostly over the terms of an exchange or purchase Agreement; the main item to be determined is usually the price. `CYC: The collection of events where agents negotiate over the terms of a contract, the most typical example being the negotiation of a price for an item to be purchased Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'bargain' in Wordnet: 1. (1) dicker, bargain - (negotiate the terms of an exchange; 'We bargained for a beautiful rug in the bazaar') 2. bargain - (come to terms; arrive at an agreement)`
Super-classes	Negotiating^c
Sub-classes	Haggling^c

Barge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barge`
Description	A #$Barge is a flat, usually rectangular #$WaterTransportationDevice. It usually is not self-powered but is towed or pushed by a #$Watercraft. Barges often tranport cargo, but it is not unlikely that some barges transport passengers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barge' in WordNet: 1. (5) barge, flatboat, hoy, lighter - (a flatbottom boat for carrying heavy loads (especially on canals))`
Super-classes	MaterialTransporter^c TransportationContainerProduct^c Watercraft^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-bottomed^c
Sub-classes	Dredge^c HouseBoat^c

BargePole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BargePole`
Description	A ''BargePole'' is any long pole used to propel a small boat. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'barge pole' in WordNet: 1. barge pole - (a long pole used to propel or guide a barge; 'I wouldn't touch it with a barge pole')`
Super-classes	Pole^c
Restrictions	propels^op value FlatBottomedBoat^c isUsedInAction^op value PropellingaBoat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

BargingIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BargingIn`
Description	''BargingIn'' is an ''Intruding'' on some gathering of people, when such entry is uninvited and unwelcome. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'barge in' in WordNet: 1. (1) barge in, crash, gate-crash - (enter uninvited; informal; 'let's crash the party!')`
Super-classes	Intruding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GateCrasher^c

Barite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barite`
Description	NOTE: CYC has a 'Baryte' as a subtype of ''Barite'' but that word only appears in the plural in RHW. Wikipedia says they are the same, then discusses a 'baryte group', only one of which: Wikipedia: Baryte or barite is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barite' in WordNet: 1. heavy spar, barite, barytes, barium sulphate - (a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium)
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Barium^c
Sub-classes	Baryte^c

Baritone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baritone`
Description	A ''Baritone'' is a ''Singer'' who produces a ''BaritoneVoice'' while ''Singing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baritone' in WordNet: 1. baritone, barytone - (a male singer)`
Super-classes	Singer^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value SopranoVoice^c

BaritoneVoice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaritoneVoice`
Description	A ''BaritoneVoice'' is a ''SingingVoice'' produced by a ''Baritone'' singing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baritone voice' in WordNet: 1. baritone, baritone voice - (the second lowest adult male singing voice)`
Super-classes	SingingVoice^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Singing-Human^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value Baritone^c

Barium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barium

Description

''barium'' is a Substance -in CYC it is an Object. This usage differs from CYC.

        CYC: A piece of barium - could be in solid, liquid, or
        gaseous form.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barium' in WordNet:
           1. (1) barium, Ba, atomic number 56 - 
             (a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c

BariumChloride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BariumChloride`
Description	A instance of #$IonicCompoundType and a specialization of #$Salt-ChemicalSubstance. Each instance of #$BariumChloride is a sample of the compound BaCl2.
Super-classes	InorganicMaterial^c Electrolyte^c

BariumNitrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BariumNitrate`
Description	A specialization of both #$IonicCompound and #$InorganicCompound. Each instance of #$BariumNitrate is a sample of the compound Ba(NO3)2.
Super-classes	Electrolyte^c InorganicNitrates^c

BarkTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarkTissue`
Description	'BarkTissue' is the tissue of which a piece of 'TreeBark' is composed. This is a substance - a piece of the bark of a tree is an instance of 'TreeBark'. `WordNet does not distinguish between a piece of bark and the material, but the closest meaning would be noun sense 1 of 'bark', which seems to cover both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bark' in WordNet: 1. (4) bark - (tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants)`
Super-classes	Tissue^c PlantProduct^c
Sub-classes	BirchBark^c

Barking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barking`
Description	The animal action that produces a 'BarkingSound'. Not restricted to dogs. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'bark' in WordNet: 4. bark - (make barking sounds; 'The dogs barked at the stranger')`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BarkingSound^c

BarkingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarkingSound`
Description	CYC: The collection of sounds made by a dog and similar animals, as well as sounds made by other animals that soundsimilar (e.g. the 'barking' of a seal). NOTE that this is the sound, not the action of the animal. (not in the Longman DV) `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bark' in WordNet: 2. (1) bark - (a noise resembling the bark of a dog)`
Super-classes	AnimalSound^c
Sub-classes	Arf^c BowWow^c Woof^c

Barley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barley`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barley' in WordNet: 1. (2) barley, barleycorn - (a grain of barley)`
Super-classes	BreakfastFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BarleyPlant^c

BarleyPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarleyPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'barley' in WordNet: 2. barley - (cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Plant^c CerealPlant^c

Barm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barm`
Description	Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (subtype of leaven 2.1.4.39). This is a substance containing 'Yeast' cells (which are objects) `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'leaven' in WordNet: 1. yeast, barm - (a commercial leavening agent containing yeast cells; used to raise the dough in making bread and for fermenting beer or whiskey)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c Leaven^c
Restrictions	contains^op value BakersYeast^c

Barn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barn`
Description	A large, rural building usually found on farms which is used to house livestock or for storage of farm implements. `SUMO: A Building on a Farm that is used for keeping DomesticAnimals, Fodder or harvested crops. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barn' in WordNet: 1. (22) barn - (an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals)`
Super-classes	ShelterConstruction^c FarmBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value FarmAnimal^c

Barnacle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barnacle

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barnacle' in WordNet:
         1. barnacle, cerriped, cerripede - (marine crustaceans with
         feathery food-catching appendages; free-swimming as larvae;
         as adults form a hard shell and live attached to submerged surfaces)

Super-classes Crustacean^c

Barometer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barometer`
Description	A device used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Commonly used in weather forecasting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barometer' in WordNet: 1. (2) barometer - (an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure)`
Super-classes	Gauge^c MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value AtmosphericPressure^c

Baron^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baron

Description

CYC: The collection of all barons, or male persons who hold hereditary baronial titles in the systems of nobility of Europe, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Baroness.

      Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'baron' in WordNet:
          1. baron - (a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank)
          2. baron - (a British peer of the lowest rank)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c
MalePerson^c

Baroness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baroness

Description

CYC: The collection of all baronesses, or female persons who hold baronial titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like #$France, #$Italy, #$Spain, or the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Baron.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baroness' in WordNet:
           1. baroness - (a noblewoman who holds the rank of baron or
                who is the wife or widow of a baron)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c
FemalePerson^c

Baronet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baronet

Description

CYC: The collection of all baronets, or male persons who hold hereditary baronetcy titles, the lowest in the system of nobility of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baronet' in WordNet:
            1. baronet, Bart - (a member of the British order of honor; 
                ranks below a baron but above a knight;
                'since he was a baronet he had to be addressed as Sir Henry Jones, Bart.')

Super-classes MalePerson^c
HumanRole^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c

Barracks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barracks`
Description	NOTE: 'barracks' is used in a sense that can include the singular building. The term 'barracks' may be more common. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrack' in WordNet: 1. (1) barrack - (a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel)`
Super-classes	MilitaryQuarters^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value MilitaryFacility^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value EnlistedPerson^c

Barracuda^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barracuda`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barracuda' in WordNet: 1. barracuda - (any voracious marine fish of the genus Sphyraena having an elongated cylindrical body and large mouth with projecting lower jaw and long strong teeth)`
Super-classes	Spiny-finnedFish^c MarineOrganism^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasBodyPart^op value Tooth^c

Barrage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barrage

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrage' in WordNet:
           2. (1) barrage, barrage fire, battery, bombardment, shelling - 
              (the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target; 
               'they laid down a barrage in front of the advancing troops'; 
               'the shelling went on for hours without pausing')

Super-classes Firing^c

BarrelContainer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarrelContainer

Description

A Container that is approximately cylindrical, and can hold at least 1 gallon of material, liquid or solid. Some barrels are very large. A barrel of petroleum is standardized at 42 U.S. gallons.

    Includes noun senses 2 and 3  of 'barrel' in WordNet:
       2. (5) barrel, cask - (a cylindrical container that holds liquids)
       3. (2) barrel, drum - (a bulging cylindrical shape;
           hollow with flat ends)

Super-classes StorageConstruct^c
CylindricalHollowObject^c

BarrelOfaGun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarrelOfaGun`
Description	The tubular part of a Firearm through which the shot is propelled. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrel' in WordNet, but includes large guns that fire shells as well as bullets: in WordNet: 1. (8) barrel, gun barrel - (a tube through which a bullet travels when a gun is fired)`
Super-classes	CylindricalHollowObject^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Gun^c

Barricade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barricade`
Description	`Coresponds to noun sense 2 of 'barricade' in WordNet: 2. (1) barricade - (a barrier (usually thrown up hastily so as to impede the advance of an enemy); 'they stormed the barricade')`
Super-classes	Device^c BarrierObject^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Defensive^c hinders^op value MilitaryAttack^c prevents^op value PassingThroughOrBySomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impassable^c enablesOrAssists^op value HoldingAgainstAttack^c

Barrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barrier`
Description	A 'Barrier' is a 'Hindrance' of any type, physical or abstract, object, attribute, Action, or situation, that can make an Action by an agent impossible (not merely difficult)), or may hinder some natural Events,such as tidal flow or fire transission. - although a 'path around a barrier' may be found, going through the barrier should not be practical in the short term (though a 'tunnel' might be constructed with a lot of effort). This includes as subtypes physical 'Obstacle' and barriers such as walls, but can include abstract hindrances such as lack of money, lack of permission, some insurmountable physical property, or intractable opposition (e.g. a wall of opposition). Thus the barrier may be literal or metaphorical. The physical object 'barrier' is represented by the subtype ''Barrier'. For a ''PhysicalRestraint'' that is attached to an Animal (including people) in some way that prevents some for of Action use sister type ''PhysicalRestraint''. The physical barrier (of any kind) is subtype 'Wall-GenericBarrier'; the metaphorical barrier is subtype 'BlockingSituation'. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'barrier' in WordNet and sense 1 of 'obstacle', as well as the metaphorical senses of 'wall': in WordNet: 2. (3) barrier, roadblock - (any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective; 'intolerance is a barrier to understanding') WN 'wall': 3. (64) wall - (anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; 'a wall of water'; 'a wall of smoke'; 'a wall of prejudice'; 'negotiations ran into a brick wall')
Super-classes	Hindrance^c
Sub-classes	BlockingSituation^c BarrierObject^c

BarrierObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BarrierObject`
Description	''BarrierObject'' aggregates the subtypes of ''Barrier'' that are PhysicalObjects. (used in 'BreachingaBarrier'') `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrier' in WordNet: 1. (4) barrier - (a structure or object that impedes free movement)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Barrier^c
Restrictions	canServeAsAgentInActionType^op value BlockingAction^c
Sub-classes	SheetlikeBarrier^c PoliceRoadblock^c LiquidBarrier^c PartitionStructure^c Barricade^c Fender^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c HedgeRow^c NaturalPartition^c Hurdle^c

Barroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barroom`
Description	COSMO note: this is the physical object that serves as a bar (tavern) that serves drinks for sale to the public, not the 'bar' space that may be found in some homes. It is a structure, not (as in Cyc) the Organization. In common use there is no clear distinction between 'bar' and 'tavern', thogh the WordNet definitions suggest there is - although 'tavern' suggests that food is also served, that is also true of many establishments called 'bar'. This also does not include the 'bar car'; of a train. `Cyc: 'Bar-DrinkingEstablishment': A localized (i.e., at one particular site) organization that serves alcoholic drinks, and possibly food. in WordNet: WN 'bar': 1. (10) barroom, bar, saloon, ginmill, taproom - (a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter; 'he drowned his sorrows in whiskey at the bar') WN 'tavern': 1. (2) tavern, tap house - (a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks)`
Super-classes	ServiceEstablishment^c
Restrictions	physicallyContains^op value BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value TendingBar^c physicallyContains^op value DrinkBar^c sells^op value AlcoholicBeverage^c
Sub-classes	Pub^c

Bartering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bartering

Description

CYC: The collection of transactions between two #$Agents in which one #$Agent gives items or services to another #$Agent, and the other #$Agent gives items or services in return, and neither of the items or services is money, credit, or payment of money.

          Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'barter' in WordNet:
            1. barter - (exchange goods without involving money)
          WN noun 'barter':
            1. barter, swap, swop, trade - (an equal exchange;
               'we had no money so we had to live by barter')

Super-classes Transaction^c

Baryon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baryon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baryon' in WordNet: 1. baryon, heavy particle - (any of the elementary particles having a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions; a hadron with a baryon number of +1)`
Super-classes	Hadron^c
Sub-classes	Nucleon^c

Baryte^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baryte`
Description	Does this CYC entry refer to the 'baryte group'? See discussion under ''Barite''
Super-classes	Barite^c

Basalt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basalt`
Description	''Basalt'' is a specific compositional subtype of ''IgneousRock''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basalt' in WordNet: 1. basalt - (the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark grey fine-grained igneous rock that is composed chiefly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene)`
Super-classes	VolcanicRock^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value GrayColor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostCommon^c

Base^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Base`
Description	A ''Base'' is a fixed facility that serves as the location where materials are stored and from which activities that take place primarily in other places can be supported. This is very general. `Corrresponds to sense 13 of 'base' in Wordnet: 13. base, home - (the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end)`
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c Place-NonAgent^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryBase^c

BaseOfObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseOfObject`
Description	A BaseOfObject is a SupportingObject that forms the bottom part (though it might have been created as a separate object) of a larger object and provides support for the larger object in a gravitational field. NOTE that the 'Base' may be an integral part of the whole, whose boundaries are not well defined (e.g. the base of a mountain) rather than a separable part. @ToDo: a Base that is a separate part, not integral, should be a distinct subtype. See also 'BottomSide' for a related concept. Includes noun senses 3, 6,10 and 18 of 'base' in WordNet: 3. (3) foundation, base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure - (lowest support of a structure; 'it was built on a base of solid rock'; 'he stood at the foot of the tower') 6. (2) base - (the bottom or lowest part; 'the base of the mountain') 10. (2) base, pedestal, stand - (a support or foundation; 'the base of the lamp') 18. base - (a flat bottom on which something is intended to sit; 'a tub should sit on its own base')
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	supports^op some PhysicalObject^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Pedestal^c PhysicalUnderpinning^c

BaseSequence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseSequence`
Description	A ''BaseSequence'' is a subtype of ''Sequence'' in which the individual members of the Sequence are nucleotides in a strand of DNA or RNA (i.e. in a ''NucleicAcidMolecule''). In each type of strand (DNA or RNA) the backbone of sugar phosphate remains the same in each element; only the attached base (a purine or pyrimidine) changes from one unit to another. Thus it is called a 'base sequence', defined by the type of backbone (deoxyribose or ribose) and sequence of the bases. In DNA the four bases are 'A' (adenine), 'T' (thymine), 'G' (guanine) or 'C' (cytidine). `NOTE that as a Group, a ''BaseSequence'' could be as short as a single nucleotide. Thus if one wants to represent a nucleotide in a NucleicAcidMolecule one can represent it as an instance or subtype of ''BaseSequence''.`
Super-classes	Sequence^c PhysicalSeries^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op value NucleicAcidMolecule^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value NucleicAcidMolecule^c
Sub-classes	PromoterSequence^c Mutation^c

Baseball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baseball`
Description	An instance of 'SportType'; for the game which is an Event, use 'BaseballGame'. Nine innings, if uninterrupted. `NOTE: WN does not have different types for the sport and its execution; this is for the sport only. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'baseball' in WordNet: 1. (21) baseball, baseball game - (a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teams take turns at bat trying to score runs; 'he played baseball in high school'; 'there was a baseball game on every empty lot'; 'there was a desire for National League ball in the area'; 'play ball!')`
Super-classes	TeamSport^c BallSport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value BaseballGame^c

BaseballBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballBall`
Description	The ball used in a BaseballGame. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'baseball' in WordNet: 2. (3) baseball - (a ball used in playing baseball)`
Super-classes	SphericalObject^c BaseballEquipment^c RigidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Ball^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BaseballGame^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value BaseballGame^c
Sub-classes	SoftballBall^c

BaseballBase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballBase`
Description	Each ''BaseballBase'' is one of four such Objects at the corners of a 'BaseballDiamond', which is the corner part of a BaseballField. where the 'pitching' occurs. This is a object in a specific location - a baseball base bag not at its location in the field is not an instance of this type. `NOTE: the term 'bag' is not used for ''HomePlate'', which is not a bag but a pentagonal slab of rubber. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'base' in WordNet: 4. (3) base, bag - (place that runner must touch before scoring; 'he scrambled to get back to the bag')`
Super-classes	AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballDiamond^c isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op value BaseballBaseline^c
Sub-classes	HomePlate^c

BaseballBaseline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballBaseline`
Description	Each ''BaseballBaseline'' is one of four ''SportsFieldLine''s forming a sqare that forms the bondaries of a 'BaseballDiamond', with a ''BaseballBase'' (one of which is home plate) at each corner. The length of a professional baseline is 90 feet (2743.7 cm), but little league and informal fields may be shorter. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'baseline' in WordNet: 3. baseline - (the lines a baseball player must follow while running the bases)`
Super-classes	SportsFieldLine^c AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 275.0^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballDiamond^c isAtTheEdgeOf^op value BaseballDiamond^c

BaseballBaseman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballBaseman`
Description	A ''BaseballBaseman'' is an ''BaseballPlayer'' who plays close to first base, second base, or third base. `No WN sense for this; RHW 'baseman': Baseball: a first, second, or third baseman.`
Super-classes	BaseballPlayer^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value BaseballGame^c

BaseballBat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballBat`
Description	A Bat of a type designed to be used in the game of baseball. It does not have to be regulation size - the small versions used by young children are also BaseballBats. `SUMO: A bat which is used to hit the ball in Baseball. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bat' in Wordnet: 5. bat - (a club used for hitting a ball in various games)`
Super-classes	BaseballEquipment^c Club^c
Restrictions	hasApproximateShape^op value Rod^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 40.0^c

BaseballBatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballBatter`
Description	A ''BaseballBatter'' is the ''BaseballPlayer'' who is performing ''Batting'' at a specific time in a specific game, when it is his/her turn. `NOTE: 'batsman' is used mostly in cricket, not baseball. Save that term for the 'cricket' game representation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'batter' in WordNet: 1. (2) batter, hitter, slugger, batsman - ((baseball) a ballplayer who is batting)`
Super-classes	BaseballPlayer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Batting^c

BaseballCatcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballCatcher`
Description	A ''BaseballCatcher'' is a ''BaseballPlayer'' who participates in a BaseballGame by catching ''BaseballPitch''es from the ''BaseballPitcher''. NOTE: the difference betwen WN senses 1 and 2 is that sense 1 is a Person and sense 2 is a Role. But in COSMO an Object can also be a Role, so these two are merged. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'catcher' in WordNet: 1. (15) catcher, backstop - ((baseball) the person who plays the position of catcher) 2. catcher - (the position on a baseball team of the player who is stationed behind home plate and who catches the balls that the pitcher throws; 'a catcher needs a lot of protective equipment'; 'a catcher plays behind the plate')
Super-classes	BaseballPlayer^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value BaseballGame^c performsAction^op value CatchingaBaseballPitch^c

BaseballDiamond^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballDiamond`
Description	Each 'BaseballDiamond' is a part of a BaseballField delimited by the four bases, and constituting the infield. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'diamond' and sense 1 of 'baseball diamond' in WordNet: 4. baseball diamond, diamond, infield - - (the area of a baseball field that is enclosed by 3 bases and home plate)`
Super-classes	AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some Baseball^c hasShape^op value Square^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballField^c

BaseballDouble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballDouble`
Description	A 'BaseballDouble' is a 'BaseballHit' in which a batter hits the ball fairly and safely reaches second base; the batter may subsequently go on to other bases in the case of an error by opposing players, or be put out after reaching second base. `This is here because it it the most common noun sense of 'double' in Wordnet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double' in WordNet: 1. (12) double, two-base hit, two-bagger, two-baser - (a base hit on which the batter stops safely at second base; 'he hit a double to deep centerfield')`
Super-classes	BaseballHit^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c

BaseballEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballEquipment`
Description	Any ''Device'' used in the execution of a ''BaseballGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball equipment' in WordNet: 1. baseball equipment - (equipment used in playing baseball)`
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c Device^c ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BaseballGame^c
Sub-classes	BaseballMitt^c PoloBall^c BaseballBall^c CroquetBall^c BaseballBat^c

BaseballEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballEvent`
Description	A 'BaseballEvent' is any one of various Events or Actions that occur during a game of 'Baseball', including the entire game or any part of it.
Super-classes	FieldSportsEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value BaseballField^c
Sub-classes	BaseballHit^c BaseballInning^c BaseballStrike^c BaseballPitch^c

BaseballField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballField`
Description	SUMO: A SportsFacility which is built primarily for or dedicated to playing Baseball. Includes stadium structures as well as simple cleared areas marked out for playing Baseball. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball field' in Wordnet: 1. ball field, baseball field, diamond - (the baseball playing field)`
Super-classes	AthleticField^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value BaseballDiamond^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Baseball^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YankeeStadium

BaseballGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballGame`
Description	Nine innings if uninterrupted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball game' in WordNet: 1. (2) baseball, baseball game - (a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teams take turns at bat trying to score runs; 'he played baseball in high school'; 'there was a baseball game on every empty lot'; 'there was a desire for National League ball in the area'; 'play ball!')`
Super-classes	BallGame^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value BaseballBall^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Baseball^c isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value BaseballField^c
Sub-classes	NightcapGame^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff

BaseballHit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballHit`
Description	A 'BaseballHit' is an event in which a batter hits the ball fairly and safely reaches base - it has subtypes of 'single' 'double', 'triple' and 'home run' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hit' in WordNet: 1. (15) hit - ((baseball) a successful stroke in an athletic contest (especially in baseball); 'he came all the way around on Williams' hit')`
Super-classes	BaseballEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c
Sub-classes	HomeRun^c BaseballDouble^c BaseballTriple^c BaseballSingle^c

BaseballInning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballInning`
Description	A ''BaseballInning'' is the Event (activity) in which each team gets its players to come to bat until three of them are called 'out'. NOTE: This is not a ''TimeInterval'', but For games generally, we often need to represent a 'period' (''TimeInterval'') that is part of the whole time for a GameEvent, during which one contestant has the right to perform some specific game subEvent (as in baseball or tennis). See ''GameEventPlayingPeriod'' and its subtypes. CYC: #$BaseballInning is a specialization of #$Event-Organized and #$AthleticActivity. Each instance of #$BaseballInning is a subevent of some instance of #$BaseballGame (q.v.), or of some attempt to complete an instance of #$BaseballGame. In Major League Baseball a complete baseball game consists of nine innings, unless it is extended due to a tie score after the ninth, or shortened (1) because the home team needs none of its half of the ninth inning or only a fraction of it, or (2) because the umpire calls the game. (Note that National Association leagues may adopt a rule providing that one or both games of a doubleheader shall be seven innings in length. In such games, any of these rules applying to the ninth inning shall apply to the seventh inning.). If a game is called, it is a regulation game: (1) If five innings have been completed; (2) If the home team has scored more runs in four or four and a fraction half innings than the visiting team has scored in five completed half innings; (3) If the home team scores one or more runs in its half of the fifth inning to tie the score. (d) If each team has the same number of runs when the game ends, the umpire shall declare it a Tie Game. (e) If a game is called before it has become a regulation game, the umpire shall declare it No Game. Each instance of #$BaseballInning consists of at least two instances of #$HalfInning (q.v). During each #$BaseballInning, each #$BaseballTeam takes its turn trying to score baseball runs. A team's turn during an inning is called a #$HalfInning. By tradition, between the two half innings of the seventh inning of a game, there occurs an instance of #$MassOrganizedStretch performed by the members of the game's audience. SUMO: A division of a Baseball game. A normal game consists of 9 innings, and each inning involves a turn a bat for both teams. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inning' in Wordnet: 1. (16) inning, frame - (a period of play in baseball during which each team has a turn at bat)
Super-classes	BaseballEvent^c Event-Organized^c AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c occursDuring^op value BaseballInningTimeDivision^c

BaseballInningTimeDivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballInningTimeDivision`
Description	A ''BaseballInningTimeDivision'' is a ''GameEventTimeDivision'' (a ''PlayingPeriod'') during which one ''BaseballInning'' is played.
Super-classes	GameEventTimeDivision^c

BaseballLeague^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballLeague`
Description	A ''BaseballLeague'' is a ''SportsLeague'' that is a Group of ''BaseballTeam''s, whether professional or amateur. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball league' in WordNet: 1. baseball league - (a league of baseball teams)`
Super-classes	SportsLeague^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only BaseballTeam^c

BaseballMitt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballMitt`
Description	A ''BaseballMitt'' is a specialized Glove designed to be used b the catcher in a BaseballGame. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mitt' in WordNet: 2. baseball glove, glove, baseball mitt, mitt - (the handwear used by fielders in playing baseball)`
Super-classes	BaseballEquipment^c Glove^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value BaseballPlayer^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	CatchersMitt^c

BaseballPitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballPitch`
Description	A ''BaseballPitch'' is a ''Throwing'' event in which a Pitcher throws a baseball to a Catcher, in a manner to make it difficult for the Batter to hit the ball. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pitch' in WordNet: 2. (3) pitch, delivery - ((baseball) the act of throwing a baseball by a pitcher to a batter) WN verb 'pitch': 9. deliver, pitch - (throw or hurl from the mound to the batter, as in baseball; 'The pitcher delivered the ball')`
Super-classes	Throwing^c StrenuousAthleticActivity^c SportsPlay^c BaseballEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BaseballPitcher^c isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c hasObjectMoved^op value BaseballBall^c
Sub-classes	FastBall^c CurveBall^c SpitBallPitch^c

BaseballPitcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballPitcher`
Description	A ''BaseballPitcher'' is an ''BaseballPlayer'' who participates in a BaseballGame by throwing ''BaseballPitch''es to the ''BaseballCatcher''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitcher' in WordNet: 1. (15) pitcher, hurler, twirler - ((baseball) the person who does the pitching; 'our pitcher has a sore arm')`
Super-classes	BaseballPlayer^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value BaseballGame^c performsAction^op value BaseballPitch^c
Sub-classes	Southpaw^c Left-HandedPitcher^c Right-HandedPitcher^c

BaseballPlayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballPlayer`
Description	A ''BaseballPlayer'' is an ''Athlete'' who participates in a BaseballGame in any of nine positions, or as spare players such as 'designated hitter' or 'relief pitcher'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball player' in WordNet: 1. ballplayer, baseball player - (an athlete who plays baseball)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value BaseballGame^c
Sub-classes	BaseballBaseman^c BaseballCatcher^c BaseballBatter^c Fielder^c LittleLeaguer^c BaseballPitcher^c Shortstop^c

BaseballSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballSeries`
Description	Could be any number of games, but usually no more than seven. @ToDo: need 'series' of games - a 'match'?
Super-classes	GameEvent^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only BaseballGame^c

BaseballSingle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballSingle`
Description	A 'BaseballSingle' is a 'BaseballHit' in which a batter hits the ball fairly and safely reaches and stops at first base; the batter may subsequently go on to other bases in the case of an error by opposing players, or be put out after reaching first base. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'single' in WordNet: 1. (7) single, bingle - (a base hit on which the batter stops safely at first base)`
Super-classes	BaseballHit^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c

BaseballStadium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballStadium`
Description	A ''BaseballStadium'' is Building surrounding a large field on which ''BaseballGame''s can be played.
Super-classes	Ballpark^c Building^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value BaseballGame^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YankeeStadium

BaseballStrike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballStrike`
Description	A 'BaseballStrike' is an event in which a batter fails to hit a ball fairly, even though the ball is considered to be 'in the strike zone'. Three 'BaseballStrike' make a batter 'out' (but a foul after two strikes is not couned as a 'BaseballStrike'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'strike' in WordNet: 3. (101) strike - ((baseball) a pitch that the batter swings at and misses, or that the batter hits into foul territory, or that the batter does not swing at but the umpire judges to be in the area over home plate and between the batter's knees and shoulders; 'this pitcher throws more strikes than balls')`
Super-classes	BaseballEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c

BaseballTeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballTeam`
Description	A ''BaseballTeam'' is a ''SportsTeam'' organized to play ''BaseballGame''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball team' in WordNet: 1. baseball team - (a team that plays baseball)`
Super-classes	Competitor^c SportsTeam^c SportsOrganization^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op some BaseballGame^c
Sub-classes	LittleLeagueTeam^c

BaseballTriple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballTriple`
Description	A 'BaseballTriple' is a 'BaseballHit' in which a batter hits the ball fairly and safely reaches third base in that play; the batter may subsequently go home in the case of an error by opposing players, or be put out after reaching third base. `This is here because it it the most common noun sense of 'triple' in Wordnet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'triple' in WordNet: 1. (3) triple, three-base hit, three-bagger - (a base hit at which the batter stops safely at third base)`
Super-classes	BaseballHit^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c

BaseballUmpire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BaseballUmpire`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'umpire' in WordNet: 1. umpire, ump - (an official at a baseball game)`
Super-classes	SportsJudge^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value BaseballGame^c

Baseline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baseline`
Description	A ''Baseline'' is a ''StandardSpec'' sets a minimum criterion for acceptability of goodness in some task. `This differs from a ''Benchmark'' in that something quantitatively or qualitatively below a ''Baseline'' in quality will not normally be acceptible, whereas a performance below a ''Benchmark'' may be acceptable, but can be recognized as less than the best possible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseline' in WordNet: 1. (1) baseline - (an imaginary line or standard by which things are measured or compared; 'the established a baseline for the budget')`
Super-classes	StandardSpec^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op some Evaluating^c

Basement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basement`
Description	The lowest level in a building, below ground. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basement' in Wordnet: 1. (18) basement, cellar - (the lowermost portion of a structure partly or wholly below ground level; often used for storage)`
Super-classes	TheDownstairs^c Storey^c UndergroundLocation^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyBelow^op some GroundFloor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Downstairs^c

Basenji^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basenji

Description

CYC: A collection of short-haired, medium-sized dogs. Each member of this breed is also a sighthound.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basenji' in WordNet:
           1. basenji - (small smooth-haired breed of African origin 
             having a tightly curled tail and the inability to bark)

Super-classes Hound^c

BashingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BashingAnObject`
Description	''BashingAnObject'' is an act of ''HittingAnObject'' forcefully. NOTE: The difference between this and ''Whacking'' is hard to discern. They both have the same WN and COSMO parents. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bash' in WordNet: 1. sock, bop, whop, whap, bonk, bash - (hit hard)`
Super-classes	HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c

Basic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basic`
Description	''Basic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a part of something that is a necessary part of some more complicated or elaborate thing of which it is part, and exists prior to the elaborations that are built from it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'basic' and sense 2 of 'fundamental' in WordNet: 1. (48) basic - (pertaining to or constituting a base or basis; 'a basic fact'; 'the basic ingredients'; 'basic changes in public opinion occur because of changes in priorities') WN adj 'fundamental': 2. (7) fundamental, rudimentary, underlying - (being or involving basic facts or principles; 'the fundamental laws of the universe'; 'a fundamental incompatibility between them'; 'these rudimentary truths'; 'underlying principles') WN adj 'elementary': 2. elementary, elemental, primary - (of or being the essential or basic part; 'an elementary need for love and nurturing')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Cardinal^c

Basic-Introductory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basic-Introductory

Description

''Basic-Introductory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that can pertain to a 'basic' 'introductory text' or a basic' course in some topic that also has advanced courses.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'basic' in Wordnet:
           3. (2) basic, introductory - (serving as a base or starting point; 
              'a basic course in Russian'; 'basic training for raw recruits'; 
              'a set of basic tools'; 'an introductory art course')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

BasicAssumption^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasicAssumption

Description

Each 'Basis' is an 'Assumption' that is used as a starting point (or ''Foundation'') for some argument, or as the basis or justification for some Action. An Assumption may have any number of parts, or individual assertions.

  NOTE that the sense of 'basis'meaning 'a reaon for doing something'
   is represented as 'Justification'.

  Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'basis' and noun sense 8 of 'base' in WordNet:
     2. (31) basis, base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, 
        cornerstone - (the fundamental assumptions from which something 
        is begun or developed or calculated or explained; 'the whole 
        argument rested on a basis of conjecture')

Super-classes Assumption^c
Foundation^c

BasicCognitiveProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasicCognitiveProcess`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basic cognitive process' in WordNet: 1. basic cognitive process - (cognitive processes involved in obtaining and storing knowledge)`
Super-classes	CognitiveProcess^c
Sub-classes	AcquisitionalLearning^c Intuition^c Inattention^c

BasicInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasicInformation`
Description	''BasicInformation'' is 'Information' that concerns the most ''Basic'' parts or aspects of a ''Topic''.
Super-classes	Information^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Basic^c

Basically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basically

Description

''Basically'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the thing being described by an adjective or verb has the character
grammatically following this adverb, though not completely: 'basically honest' 'left it essentially intact'.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basically' in WordNet:
           1. (8) basically, fundamentally, essentially, in essence, au fond - 
             (at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature; 'He is basically dishonest';
             'the argument was essentially a technical one';
             'for all his bluster he is in essence a shy person')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Basics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basics`
Description	The ''Basics'' are the Group of ''TrueStatement''s pertaining to any given Topic, which form the ''Foundation' for understanding a Topic and can include factual observations or truths learned by experience, and are the first most fundamental things that one should know about a Topic in order to understand it `Includs RHW 'elements' 4b: the rudimentary principles of an art, science, etc.: 'the elements of grammar'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'basics' in WordNet: 1. basics, rudiments - (a statement of fundamental facts or principles) 2. fundamentals, basics, fundamental principle, basic principle, bedrock - (principles from which other truths can be derived; 'first you must learn the fundamentals'; 'let's get down to basics')`
Super-classes	StatementOfFact^c Foundation^c Group^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op some Understanding^c isTrueIn^op some Topic^c hasComponentElement^op some VerifiedFact^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Basic^c
Sub-classes	ABCs^c

Basil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'basil' in WordNet: 3. basil, sweet basil - (leaves of the common basil; used fresh or dried)`
Super-classes	HerbSeasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value SweetBasil^c

BasilPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasilPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basil' in WordNet: 1. basil - (any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c
Sub-classes	SweetBasil^c

Basilica^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basilica

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basilica' in WordNet:
          1. basilica - (an early Christian church designed like a Roman basilica;
              or a Roman Catholic church or cathedral accorded certain privileges; 
              'the church was raised to the rank of basilica')

Super-classes ChurchBuilding^c

Basin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basin`
Description	A container with sides and bottom, but open at the top. The sides and bottom of instances of #$Basin are usually impermeable to liquids. Instances of #$Basin may be bowl-shaped, box-shaped, etc. This includes artifact basins (bowls, washtubs) as well as natural 'basins' with geological walls such as lakes or reservoirs. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 5 of 'basin' in WordNet: 1. (2) basin - (a bowl-shaped vessel; usually used for holding food or liquids; 'she mixed the dough in a large basin') 3. basin - (a natural depression in the surface of the land often with a lake at the bottom of it; 'the basin of the Great Salt Lake') 5. washbasin, basin, washbowl, washstand, lavatory - (a bathroom sink that is permanently installed and connected to a water supply and drainpipe; where you can wash your hands and face; 'he ran some water in the basin and splashed it on his face')
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c CavityWithWalls^c ConcaveObject^c Container^c
Sub-classes	Tub^c BirdBath^c Bowl-Generic^c Sink^c

BasisForAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasisForAnAction`
Description	A ''BasisForAnAction'' is a vague abstraction of some relation between a Person and other things (of any type) that help a Person to do something desired. The substype can be specific enough to be useful. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foundation' in WordNet: 1. (6) foundation - (the basis on which something is grounded; 'there is little foundation for his objections')`
Super-classes	Relation^c PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	Footing^c

Basket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basket`
Description	COSMO note: this 'basket' is for objects designed to contain things for use, and a 'wastebasket' is not a subtype, though a ''LaundryBasket'' is. A ''Basket'' is often woven (or has a grid of some material. e.g. plastic, that looks woven), but a 'bride's basket' of metal (e.g. silverplate) and glass with a handle also qualifies. A 'Basket' must be able to be carried, but does not have to have handles. It may or may not have a lid. At this point a set of physical restrictions that distinguishes a 'basket' from other containers (e.g. a pail) has not been identified. If not woven, a Basket should have at least one handle. 'Bride's basket' (from Google): 'Today, any colored-glass bowl held by a silver frame, often with a handle, is known as a bride's basket. ' Cyc: container products, often bowl-shaped, which are woven out of some material (usually out of some kind of plant material like straw or wicker, although metal baskets do exist.) Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'basket' in WordNet ( a 'Basket' does not necessarily have handles): in WordNet: 1. (6) basket, handbasket - (a container that is usually woven and has handles)
Super-classes	PortableObject^c StorageConstruct^c
Sub-classes	Bassinet^c Hamper^c WickerBasket^c

Basketball^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Basketball

Description

An instance of 'SportType'; for the game which is an Event, use 'BasketballGame'. Three periods, if uninterrupted.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball' in WordNet:
           1. (3) basketball, basketball game, hoops - (a game played 
            on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored
            by throwing the ball through an elevated horizontal hoop)

Super-classes TeamSport^c
BallSport^c

BasketballBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasketballBall`
Description	The ball used in a BasketballGame. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'basketball' in WordNet: 2. basketball - (an inflated ball used in playing basketball)`
Super-classes	InflatableContainer^c RigidObject^c SphericalObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c ManufacturedGoods^c InflatedBall^c SportsEquipment^c GameArtifact^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BasketballGame^c

BasketballCoach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasketballCoach`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball coach' in WordNet: 1. basketball coach - (a coach of basketball players)`
Super-classes	SportsCoach^c

BasketballCourt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasketballCourt`
Description	Any area used to play basketball on - a school gym, a driveway, or a 'real' basketball court. `Outdoors or indoors, even with makeshift baskets. This is a 'Role' so any suitable surface can be pressed into service as a 'court, even if it has only one basket shared by both teams. So this is not necessarily a Room, nor just the surface of the court. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball court' in WordNet: 1. basketball court - (the court on which basketball is played)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value BasketballGame^c hasPhysicalPart^op value BasketballNet^c hasPhysicalPart^op value SupportingSurface^c

BasketballGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasketballGame`
Description	Three periods if uninterrupted. Same WN definition as the Game - no distinction with the execution. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball' in WordNet: 1. basketball, basketball game, hoops - (a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the ball through an elevated horizontal hoop)`
Super-classes	BallGame^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Basketball^c isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value BasketballCourt^c usesInstrument^op value BasketballBall^c isPerformedBy^op value BasketballTeam^c

BasketballLeague^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasketballLeague

Description

A ''BasketballLeague'' is a ''SportsLeague'' that is a Group of ''BasketballTeam''s organized to schedule and regulate a series of ''BasketballGame''s to determine which team will be the champion of that league in any given year. The league also negotiates with broadcast networks and other outlets for rights to broadcast viewings of the games, and payment for those rights.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball league' in WordNet:
          1. basketball league - (a league of basketball teams)

Super-classes SportsLeague^c

BasketballNet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasketballNet`
Description	A ''BasketballNet'' is the webbed part of the target of Basketball, supported by a ring that is supported by a ''Backboard-Basketball''. This does not include the supporting ring ('rim'). `This is usually made of some fibrous material in a ''Mesh'' pattern. No WN sense specifically for this. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'net' in WordNet: 4. net - (a goal lined with netting (as in soccer or hockey)) WN noun 'basket': 3. basket, basketball hoop, hoop - (horizontal circular metal hoop supporting a net through which players try to throw the basketball)`
Super-classes	FreeSheet^c GameNet^c Surface-Open^c SheetlikeBarrier^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	isSupportedBy^op value Backboard-Basketball^c hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value WebLike^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c

BasketballTeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BasketballTeam`
Description	A ''BasketballTeam'' is a ''SportsTeam'' organized to play ''BasketballGame''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball team' in WordNet: 1. (1) basketball team, five - (a team that plays basketball)`
Super-classes	SportsOrganization^c Competitor^c SportsTeam^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op some BasketballGame^c

Bass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bass

Description

A fish belonging to certain families, specifically: RHW: any of numerous edible, spiny-finned, freshwater or marine fishes of the families Serranidae and Centrarchidae.

      CYC: Bass-Fish

      NOTE: WordNet does not have an entry for the fish itself (the physical object);
         the closest entry under  'bass' is:
       WN HOWEVER, the parent is the food substance that is the flesh of a fish.  This may
       WN   be a mistake in the hierarchy, so this Wordnet sense is used as the quivalent,
       WN   assuming it was intended to be the fish object.
       in WordNet:
        5. freshwater bass, bass - (any of various North American freshwater fish with
          lean flesh (especially of the genus Micropterus))

Super-classes EdibleFish^c

Bassinet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bassinet`
Description	CYC: The collection of beds for #$HumanInfants. A #$Bassinet is a small, walled, often portable bed that can hold a baby usually from birth to about six months. `RHW 'bassinet': 1. a basket with a hood over one end, for use as a baby's cradle. NOTE that the WN gloss seems to distinguish a 'baby bed' from a 'bassinet' by indicating that a 'Bassinet' has a hood carrying handle.(?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bassinet' in WordNet: 1. (1) bassinet - (a basket (usually hooded) used as a baby's bed)`
Super-classes	Basket^c BabyBed^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Hood^c

Bassoon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bassoon

Description

large double-reed instrument

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bassoon' in WordNet:
        1. bassoon - (a double-reed instrument; the tenor of the oboe family)

Super-classes DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument^c

Bastion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bastion

Description

Difference between ''Bastion'' and ''Stronghold''?

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bastion' in WordNet:
           2. bastion, citadel - (a stronghold into which people could go for shelter during a battle)

Super-classes HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
Stronghold^c

Bat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bat

Description

In Cyc 'Bat-Mammal'. 'Die Fledermaus'

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bat' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) bat, chiropteran - (nocturnal mouselike mammal with forelimbs 
             modified to form membranous wings and anatomical adaptations for echolocation 
             by which they navigate)

Super-classes TerrestrialOrganism^c
PlacentalMammal^c
NonHumanAnimal^c

BatchOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BatchOfThings`
Description	Each ''BatchOfThings'' is Group of PhysicalObjects that have been handled or processed together or are to be handled or processed together. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'batch' in WordNet: 1. (1) batch - (all the loaves of bread baked at the same time) 3. batch, clutch - (a collection of things or persons to be handled together)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	isModifiedInEvent^op some Action^c

BathAccessory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BathAccessory`
Description	An object used for the purpose of Bathing.
Super-classes	PersonalHygieneProduct^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Bathing^c
Sub-classes	BathTowel^c

BathHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BathHouse`
Description	CYC 'Bathhouse-Facility': The collection of all bathhouses. Includes RHW 'barhing machine': bathing-machine. n. a small bathhouse on wheels formerly used as a dressing room and in which bathers could also be transported from the beach to the water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bathhouse' in WordNet: 1. bathhouse, bathing machine - (a building containing dressing rooms for bathers)`
Super-classes	HumanShelterConstruction^c Building^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Dressing^c hasPhysicalPart^op value DressingRoom^c

BathLinen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BathLinen`
Description	A ''BathLinen'' is a ''HouseholdLinen'' used for washing the body... `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bath linen' in WordNet: 1. bath linen - (linens for use in the bathroom)`
Super-classes	HouseholdLinen^c
Sub-classes	WashCloth^c

BathTowel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BathTowel

Description

A standard size towel, intended for drying the body after bathing.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bath towel' in WordNet:
          1. (1) bath towel - (a large towel; to dry yourself after a bath)

Super-classes BathAccessory^c
ClothTowel^c

Bathing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bathing

Description

CYC: The collection of whole body washing events, such as #$TakingAShower and #$TakingABath.

       NOTe this is not a subtype of ''Animalbathing'' because it includes
         taking a shower and washing wile standing, and is not necessarily a
         type of 'Immersing'.


        COSMO follows Cyc in restricting this to 
        people -  SUMO 'Bathing' includes animals.   Therefore in COSMO
        this Action typically occurs in a Bathroom.

        SUMO: Washing the entire body of a Human or Animal.

        Includes verb sense 1 of 'bathe' and noun sense 2 of 'bath' 
          and noun sense 2 of 'bathing' in WordNet, but can
        be done in a shower as well as a bathtub:
      in WordNet:
        WN noun 'bath':
          2. (2) bath - (you soak and wash your body in a bathtub;
           'he has a good bath every morning')
        WN noun 'bathing':
         2. (1) washup, bathing - (the act of washing yourself (or another person))
        WN verb 'bathe':
          1. (5) bathe - (cleanse the entire body; 'bathe daily')

Super-classes PersonalWashing^c

Bathrobe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bathrobe`
Description	A ''Bathrobe'' is a long coat-like Garment commonly used to cover the body after coming out of a bath or shower,but is also used just as a body covering when relaxing at home. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bathrobe' in WordNet: 1. (2) bathrobe - (a loose-fitting robe of towelling; worn after a bath or swim)`
Super-classes	Robe^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Towelling^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Baggy^c

Bathroom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bathroom

Description

A room which contains bathing facilities, and often in addition, a toilet. A room having only a wash basin or only a toilet is not an instance of this type.

      This type should be differentiated: If it contains only bathing
      facilities, it should be a 'Washroom'; if only
      a toilet, then a 'Toilet'.  As of v0.52 the subtypes are
      not yet in COSMO.

    Cyc: Any room which is primarily intended for bathing,
        showering, or washing.

        SUMO: A Room that contains a WashBasin and 
           possibly a Toilet.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bathroom' and sense 6 of
         'bath' in WordNet:
         1. (6) bathroom, bath - (a room (as in a residence) containing a bathtub
             or shower and usually a washbasin and toilet)

Super-classes Restroom^c

Bathtub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bathtub`
Description	The collection of all #$Tubs primarily used for #$TakingABath. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bathtub' and snes 3 of 'bath' in WordNet: 1. (2) bathtub, bathing tub, bath, tub - (a relatively large open container that you fill with water and use to wash the body)`
Super-classes	Tub^c PlumbingFixture^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c
Sub-classes	WhirlpoolTub^c

Batman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Batman

Description

A ''Batman'' is an ''MilitaryOrderly'' (a '''Soldier'') who is an ''Attender''serving a British officer.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'batman' in WordNet:
         1. batman - (an orderly assigned to serve a British military officer)

Super-classes BritishPerson^c
MilitaryOrderly^c

Baton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Baton`
Description	This ''Baton'' is the one used by a ''DrumMajor'' or ''DrumMajorette'' during a Parade (and in practice). `conductor, music director, director Corresponds to of noun sense 4 of 'baton' in WordNet: 4. baton - (a hollow metal rod that is wielded or twirled by a drum major or drum majorette)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c Rod^c Device-UserControlled^c
Restrictions	isCommonlyUsedBy^op value DrumMajor^c isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Majorette^c isCommonlyUsedBy^op value DrumMajorette^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ParadeEvent^c

BatonTwirler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BatonTwirler`
Description	A ''BatonTwirler'' is someone who twirls a bton. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baton twirler' in WordNet: 1. baton twirler, twirler - (someone who twirls a baton)`
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value TwirlingaBaton^c

Battalion-MilitaryEchelon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Battalion-MilitaryEchelon`
Description	CYC: The attribute of being a military battalion within a military echelon structure. In the USA, a military unit with the status of #$Division-UnitDesignation is typically composed of nine or more units with the status of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation, and a unit with the status of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation is typically composed of three or more units with the status of #$Company-UnitDesignation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'battalion' in WordNet: 1. (2) battalion - (an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies)`
Super-classes	ModernMilitaryOrganization^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op value ArmyDivision^c

Battered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Battered

Description

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (distinction?) of 'battered' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) battered, beat-up, beaten-up - (damaged by blows or hard usage; 
             'a battered old car'; 'the beaten-up old Ford')
          2. (1) battered - (damaged especially by hard usage; 'his battered old hat')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Damaged^c

BatteringAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BatteringAnObject`
Description	''BatteringAnObject'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that uses some form of ''BatteringRam'' to break down a barrier such as a door. `However, even high winds can 'buffet' something - that sense is represented by ''BuffetingAnObject''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'batter' in WordNet: 1. (3) buffet, knock about, batter - (strike against forcefully; 'Winds buffeted the tent')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c StrikingAnObjectEvent^c ApplyingAForce^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value BatteringRam^c

BatteringRam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BatteringRam`
Description	A ''BatteringRam'' is a ''Ram-Device'' that is large enough and strong enough to break down doors. It can be small enough to be used by one Policeman or large enough to require lifting on a support (for medeiaval sieges). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'battering ram' in WordNet: 1. (1) battering ram - (a ram used to break down doors of fortified buildings)`
Super-classes	Tool^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BatteringAnObject^c

Battery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Battery`
Description	Batteries: providers of DC electricity from chemical reactions. `SUMO: Battery is a subclass of Device. Batteries are devices that use chemical means to store or produce electrical power. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'battery' in WordNet: 2. (10) battery, electric battery - (a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series)`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c VoltageSource^c PowerSource^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value TwoElectrodes^c
Sub-classes	ChargedBattery^c AutomobileBattery^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsCarBattery

BatteryPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BatteryPoweredDevice`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$SelfPoweredDevices in which a #$Battery serves as a noteworthy #$internalPowerSource. `NOTE that a ''Flashlight'' requires a Battery as a resource, but the Battery is not specified as a 'part' because the Flashlight is still a ''Flashlight'' without a battery in it. So it is not necessary that a ''"BatteryPoweredDevice'' 'contain' a battery. NOTE: these devices may also have, or even require, a line source of electrical power. See 'LaptopComputer'.`
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Battery^c requiresResource^op value Battery^c
Sub-classes	LaptopComputer^c Flashlight^c

Batting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Batting`
Description	''Batting'' is a subEvent of a BaseballGame in which a batter attempts to get on base. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'batting' in WordNet: 1. (2) batting - ((baseball) the batter's attempt to get on base)`
Super-classes	Attempt^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value HittingaBaseballWithaBat^c requiredInstrument^op value BaseballBat^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value BaseballPlayer^c occursAt^op value HomePlate^c

BattingLineup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BattingLineup`
Description	A ''BattingLineup'' is a ''ListOfPeople'', each element of which represents the Name of a ''BaseballPlayer'', in the order in which they are expected to come to bat in a particular game. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lineup' in WordNet: 1. (1) batting order, card, lineup - ((baseball) a list of batters in the order in which they will bat; 'the managers presented their cards to the umpire at home plate')`
Super-classes	ListOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only BaseballBatter^c

Battle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Battle`
Description	A 'Battle' is a physical hostile engagement between two groups of people, including military and non-military groups. This must include attempts to inflict physical harm on opposing indviduals or disabling their ability to resist, whether or not the attempts are successful; shouting matches between opposing groups is not included. Fights between two individual people are not included, but air-to-air combat between individual military planes is included, as it represents conflict between opposing military forces. For the more specific battles between military forces, use ''MilitaryEngagement''. Cyc: A specialization of #$HostileSocialAction. Each instance of #$Battle is an event in which two or more large groups of people meet and fight one another, each group seeking to vanquish (some of) the others. Instances of #$Battle are often conducted by instances of #$MilitaryOrganization (q.v.), and they may influence the outcomes of instances of #$WagingWar (q.v.). Each instance of #$Battle will have as sub-events at least two #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent events, in which one of the fighting groups attacks the other. The SUMO 'battle' is specifically military - use 'MilitaryEngagement' Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'battle' and verb sense 1 of 'combat'in WordNet, not restricted to military forces: in WordNet: 1. (73) battle, conflict, fight, engagement - (a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; 'Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga'; 'he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement') 3. conflict, struggle, battle - (an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); 'the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph' - Thomas Paine; 'police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs') WN 'fight': 1. (268) fight, fighting, combat, scrap - (the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; 'a fight broke out at the hockey game'; 'there was fighting in the streets'; 'the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap') 4. (49) battle, conflict, fight, engagement - (a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; 'Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga'; 'he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement') WN verb 'combat': 1. (6) battle, combat - (battle or contend against in or as if in a battle; 'The Kurds are combating Iraqi troops in Northern Iraq'; 'We must combat the prejudices against other races'; 'they battled over the budget')
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c ViolentAction^c Fight-Physical^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryEngagement^c

Battlefield^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Battlefield`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'battlefield' in WordNet: 1. (5) battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor, field - (a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought; 'they made a tour of Civil War battlefields')`
Super-classes	Tract^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value MilitaryEngagement^c

Battleship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Battleship`
Description	CYC: A collection. Large and heavily armored warships. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'battleship' in WordNet: 1. battleship, battlewagon - (large and heavily armoured warship)`
Super-classes	ModernNavalShip^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Armor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	Dreadnought^c

Bawling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bawling`
Description	`NOTE: 'howl, uulate ...' might be a parent of 'bawling' - @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'bawl' in WordNet: 3. bawl - (cry loudly; 'Don't bawl in public!') WN verb 'wail': 1. (7) howl, ululate, wail, roar, yawl, yaup - (emit long loud cries; 'wail in self-pity'; 'howl with sorrow')`
Super-classes	Crying^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c causes^op value Wailing^c

Bay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bay`
Description	@ToDo: how to add 'indentation'? NOTE: a ''bay'' may be in a lake; for bay-like indentations along a seashore use ''Gulf''. `CYC: 'BayAsWaterway': an inlet of a body of water, usually smaller than a gulf. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bay' in Wordnet: 1. (7) bay, embayment - (an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf)`
Super-classes	BodyOfWater-Large^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some Shore^c
Sub-classes	Cove^c

Bayonet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bayonet`
Description	A weapon with a blade shorter than a sword desiged to be fixed on the end of a rifle and used for hand-to-hand fighting. We set a minimum length as 30 centimeters - shorter than that would likely be considered as a knife. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bayonet' in Wordnet: 1. (5) bayonet - (a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon)`
Super-classes	LethalWeapon^c Attachment^c CloseQuarterCombatWeapon^c BladedWeapon-NonProjectile^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 30.0^c isTypicallyConnectedTo^op value Rifle^c

Bazooka^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bazooka`
Description	CYC: The collection of shoulder-held #$MissileLaunchers that fire #$Missiles which are #$RocketPropelledVehicles and #$AntiArmorWeapons. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bazooka' in WordNet: 1. bazooka - (a portable rocket launcher used by infantrymen as an antitank weapon)`
Super-classes	AntitankWeapon^c PortableObject^c RecoillessLauncher^c SmallArm-Weapon^c
Restrictions	propels^op value BazookaShell^c

BazookaShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BazookaShell`
Description	A 'BazookaShell'' is a ''BallisticProjectile'' that is itself a ''Rocket'' that is an explosive ''MilitaryWeapon'. fired from a ''Bazooka'' and sed mostly to destroy tanks in military combat. `No WN entry.`
Super-classes	ExplosiveDevice^c BallisticProjectile^c ProjectileWeapon-Fired^c Rocket^c MilitaryWeapon^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value ExplosiveSubstance^c isPropelledBy^op value Bazooka^c

Beach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beach`
Description	COSMO note: this is the physical object consisting of ''Sand'' or other ''GranularSubstance'' adjacent to a BodyOfWater. For beaches that are sandy, use the subtype ''SandyBeach''. `CYC: Beaches are sandy or pebbly regions along the edge of a large body of water such as a river, a lake, or a sea. See #$SandyBeach. Corresponds to but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'beach' in WordNet (includes pebbly beaches): 1. (14) beach - (an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake)`
Super-classes	OutdoorGeographicalObject^c LongAndThinThing^c EcologicalArea^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Shoreline^c containsSubstance^op value GranularSubstance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c
Sub-classes	SandyBeach^c

BeachorSwimmingPool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeachorSwimmingPool`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c

Bead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bead`
Description	A small sphere of some solid material, punctured with a hole through one diameter, designed to be used as one of several such items on a string, as ornamentation or as jewelry. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bead' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bead - (a small ball with a hole through the middle)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c SphericalObject^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c isTheLocationOf^op value PiercedHole^c

Beaded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beaded

Description

NOTE: This sense of 'beaded' in WN is mixed with other related oncepts and should be briken up. A parent 'jeweled' could have 'beaded' and 'sequined' as more specific subtypes. @ToDO.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'beaded' in Wordnet:
       2. beaded, beady, bejeweled, bejewelled, bespangled, gemmed, jeweled, jewelled,
           sequined, spangled, spangly - (covered with beads or jewels or sequins)

Super-classes AppearanceAttribute^c

Beads^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beads`
Description	`''Beads'' is any Group of ''Bead''s.`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Bead^c

Beagle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beagle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beagle' in WordNet: 1. beagle - (a small short-legged smooth-coated breed of hound)`
Super-classes	Hound^c

Beagle-Fict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beagle-Fict`
Description	A ''Beagle-Fict'' is a fictional ''Beagle''.
Super-classes	FictionalObject^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value Beagle^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snoopy

Beak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beak`
Description	COSMO note: this type will include both turtle and bird beaks (and any others that might be on other animals). The bird beak is a subtype. `Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'beak' in WordNet: 1. (1) beak - (beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)) 2. (1) beak, bill, neb, nib, pecker - (horny projecting mouth of a bird)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c Protrusion^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	TurtleBeak^c BirdBill^c

Beam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beam`
Description	COSMO note: this is a broad category of solid object used to support something, either on top of it or suspended from it. The beam of a two-pan balance is an example of a small beam; a 'balance beam' used in gymnastics is a medium-sized beam; a construction girder would be a large one. The beams used in construction are under the subtype ''StructuralBeam''. NOTE: the CYC definition is closer to subtype ''StructuralBeam'', but it also includes 'abstract' beams.?? Unlike the Cyc usage, this cannot be an abstract object. Cyc: A specialization of #$RectangularParallelepiped (q.v.). Each instance of #$Beam has a maximum dimension (length) significantly greater than its next largest dimension (e.g. width). Instances of this collection include spatially-localized objects, such as iron girders, as well as abstract beams. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'beam' in WordNet: 2. (9) beam - (long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction)
Super-classes	StructuralMember^c SupportingObject^c
Sub-classes	StructuralBeam^c CrossBeam^c

Bean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bean`
Description	A 'Bean' is a seed of some plant, that can be eaten or (such as coffee beans) used to prepare something edible, or some drug substance. This is the most general sense of 'Bean' in COSMO. However, metaphorical senses such as 'jelly bean' or the bean-like objects used as game pieces, are not included in this type. `NOTE: it would be best to adhere to linguistic usage, and not include edible seeds such as sunflower seeds in this category, but as of r633, the way to distinguish these types is not clear. See also 'Beans', the substance consisting of multiple individual 'Bean's. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bean' in WordNet: 1. (2) bean, edible bean - (any of various edible seeds of plants of the family Leguminosae used for food)`
Super-classes	EdibleObject^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Beanoid^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value BeanPlant^c
Sub-classes	CastorBean^c

BeanLikeFruit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeanLikeFruit`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bean' in WordNet: 2. bean - (any of various seeds or fruits that are beans or resemble beans)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c
Sub-classes	Soybean^c VanillaBean^c

BeanPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeanPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bean plant' in Wordnet: 1. bean, bean plant - (any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods)`
Super-classes	LegumeOrder^c

BeanStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeanStuff`
Description	This is taken as any form of Bean (the food stuff) other than single beans (for which see 'Bean'): either mashed up beans, or (a subtypeof this type) multiple whole beans. `CYC: In Cyc called 'Bean-Foodstuff': A substance derived from instances of 'Bean'. Cyc: Food derived from the seed of a bean plant.`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c Vegetable-Food^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Bean^c
Sub-classes	Beans^c

Beanoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beanoid`
Description	A ''Beanoid'' is a distorted 'Ovoid' that deviates somewhat from a precise ''Ovoid''. This is something in the shape of a 'bean', which may be curved to look like a short segment of a torus with rounded edges, or may be close to a British rugby 'football' shape.
Super-classes	Ovoid^c

Beans^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beans`
Description	A food substance consisting of multiple individual ''Bean''s. It may have a minority component of other substances - therefore the substance in a can of baked beans is a subtype of this type. `This is the plural of 'bean' - there is no substance sense in WordNet.`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c BeanStuff^c Vegetable-Food^c
Restrictions	consistsOfManyOf^op value Bean^c

Beanstalk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beanstalk`
Description	Included because the familiarity of 'Jack and the Beanstalk' makes this part of a basic vocabulary. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beanstalk' in Wordnet: 1. beanstalk - (stem of a bean plant)`
Super-classes	Stem^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BeanPlant^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value BeanPlant^c

Bear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bear`
Description	Definition 1 of 'bear' (noun) from Random House Webster: any of the plantigrade, carnivorous or omnivorous mammals of the family Ursidae, having massive bodies, coarse heavy fur, relatively short limbs, and almost rudimentary tails. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bear' in WordNet: 1. (1) bear - (massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws)`
Super-classes	Omnivore^c DangerousAnimal^c Carnivore^c
Sub-classes	PolarBear^c BlackBear^c GrizzlyBear^c

Bearable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bearable

Description

An attribute of experiences that are ''Unpleasant'' but not so onerous as to be incapable of being tolerated.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bearable' in Wordnet:
         1. bearable, endurable, sufferable, supportable -
          (capable of being borne though unpleasant; 'sufferable punishment')
       WN adj 'tolerable':
         1. tolerable - (capable of being borne or endured;
            'the climate is at least tolerable')

Super-classes Unpleasant^c

Beard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beard`
Description	Facial hair covering at least part of the chin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beard' in WordNet: 1. (8) beard, face fungus, whiskers - (the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face)`
Super-classes	FacialHair^c MobOfHair-Mammal^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Chin^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Stubble^c Goatee^c

Bearded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bearded

Description

This Bearded'' is for a ''Plant''; for people use ''Bewhiskered''. 'bearded iris'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bearded' in Wordnet:
          2. bearded - (having a growth of hairlike awns; 'bearded wheatgrass')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Bearer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bearer`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'holder' in WordNet: 2. holder, bearer - (the person who is in possession of a check or note or bond or document of title that is endorsed to him or to whoever holds it; " the bond was marked `payable to bearer' ")
Super-classes	Owner^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value OwningaFinancialAsset^c

Bearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bearing`
Description	''Bearing'' is a form of ''Relatedness' in which some fact theory or proposition needs to be or should be taken into consideration in solving some problem or making a decison (of any kind). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bearing' and sense 1 of 'relevance' in WordNet: 1. (1) bearing - (relevant relation or interconnection; 'those issues have no bearing on our situation') WN noun 'relevance': 1. (7) relevance, relevancy - (the relation of something to the matter at hand)`
Super-classes	Relation^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Relevant^c

BearingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BearingObject`
Description	A ''BearingObject'' may be spherical or cylindrical. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'bearing' in WordNet: 6. bearing - (a rotating support placed between moving parts to allow them to move easily)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Rotation^c enablesOrAssists^op value Motion^c
Sub-classes	BallBearing^c RollerBearing^c

BearingPunishment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BearingPunishment`
Description	'BearingPunishment' is an Event (which can be a static situation) in which one agent must endure some unpleasant acts or state, as a result of an act of Punishing by another agent The transitive action of inflicting punishment is represented by ''Punishing'' "It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll . . ." Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'punishment' and noun sense 3 of 'penalty' in WordNet (the part of the action born by the agent being punished). in WordNet: 1. (12) punishment, penalty, penalization, penalisation - (the act of punishing) WN noun 'penalty': 3. (1) penalty - (the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action or condition; 'neglected his health and paid the penalty')
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Displeasure^c isaSubEventOf^op value Punishing^c
Sub-classes	Damnation^c

BeastOfBurden^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeastOfBurden

Description

A ''BeastOfBurden'' is a Quadruped used for doing heavy work.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beast of burden' in Wordnet:
         1. beast of burden, jument - (an animal such as a donkey or ox or elephant 
         used for transporting loads or doing other heavy work)

Super-classes Quadruped^c

BeastType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeastType`
Description	BeastType is a metatype which is a specialization of AnimalType that can serve as type for a ''NonHumanAnimal''s generally.
Super-classes	AnimalType^c
Sub-classes	ArthropodType^c BirdType^c RiddenAnimalType^c FishType^c
Members	Vermin Worm Locust BoaConstrictor Bullfrog Chameleon TomTurkey SeaHorse InsectLarva Ruminant Thysanuron Orangutan DomesticCattle Basenji Colt Scallop Calf Beaver HoneyBee Marsupial EquineAnimal Poikilotherm Finch Giraffe Fish Amphibian Gander Rooster PigFamily BloodFeedingArthropod Procyonid Porcupine RaceHorse Anteater Moose PitViper Tiger Watchdog WaterMoccasin Bulldog Larid SeaUrchin AnthropoidApe RangeAnimal Fawn BaleenWhale MonarchButterfly Sponge Bovine Larva Crustacean SeaLion WaterSnake AntleredStag Maggot AttackDog Scavenger Snake DraftAnimal Foal CoastalDivingBird ChickenChick Jackal Pollinator Shellfish Cricket ColdBloodedVertebrate Maverick Tern Louse Bivalve DomesticHen Mole Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal Chrysalis Meerkat Quadruped Python Canine SpiderHarmfulToHumans Leopard Invertebrate Puppy Mollusk SeaCucumber VenomousSnake Lizard Arthropod Bug Centipede Caterpillar Clam Silkworm Frog Panther Crow Moth Ox Bitch Ape AbyssinianCat Carnivore Butterfly Cheetah Tadpole Goat-Domestic Shoat StagDeer HymenopteranOrder AfghanHound Kitten MountainLion FarmAnimal Chicken Livestock Hen Viverrine Bookworm Beagle InsectEater Alligator Salamander Pest TameAnimal AmericanElk Seagull Bull-MaleHerdAnimal NonHumanAnimal Scorpion OviparousAnimal Poultry Cobra Piglet Predator Dachshund Sparrow Varmint Ram Echinodermata Bovid GreatApe Hound SeaCow Bat BigCat Silverfish Swan Ewe Imago Bullock BlackWidow DairyCow TurkeyBird WildBoar HerdAnimal Trematode SheepDog Whippet QueenOfInsectColony Newt SnowLeopard Lepidopteran VenomousAnimal Monkey Buffalo Rattlesnake Grasshopper Goose Mussel Husky BlackRat ScaledAnimal Snail Reindeer WaterBuffalo Millipede Nightingale Anaconda OldWorldBuffalo Borzoi AnseriformBird Copperhead Grub Pupa Canary Panda Raccoon Deer GuineaPig Edentate Sow FlatWorm Cow Cockroach CapeBuffalo Tarantula LesserApe Collie Hyena HuntingAnimal Crocodilian Reptile Cephalopod Bumble Mule Pug NorwayRat Lion DomesticatedAnimal Bloodhound BeastOfBurden SeaMammal Zebra Sheep-Domestic Lamb Mastiff Starfish Oyster SteamedClam Viper Dalmatian DangerousAnimal Bee Suricate Slug-TheAnimal WorkingDog Chimpanzee Rhinoceros Bull GameAnimal Toad Constrictor SamoyedDog Gibbon Lark Gastropod Rodent CoralSnake WildAnimal WesternChipmunk Flea Cavy VirginiaDeer Pup EasternChipmunk Crocodile DomesticCat ArborealAnimal

Beaten^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beaten

Description

This sense of ''Beaten'' is for a thin ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that has been made ''Thin'' by ''ShapingByBeating''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beaten' in Wordnet:
          1. beaten - (formed or made thin by hammering; 'beaten gold')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Thin^c

Beating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beating`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'beat' in WordNet: 4. (4) beat, pound, thump - (move rhythmically; 'Her heart was beating fast')`
Super-classes	MotionInPlace^c ActionSeries^c
Sub-classes	Pulsating^c

BeatingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeatingAnAnimal`
Description	'BeatingAnAnimal' is a HittingAnObject (an Animal, including people) using the hand, whether with the hand itself or with some instrument held in the hand. For 'BeatingAnAnimal' with a Club-weapon use 'ClubbingAnAnimal'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'beat' in WordNet: 2. (9) beat, beat up, work over - (give a beating to; subject to a beating, either as a punishment or as an act of aggression; 'Thugs beat him up when he walked down the street late at night'; 'The teacher used to beat the students')`
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op some (AnimalType^c or Animal^c)
Sub-classes	Spanking^c FlailingAnAnimal^c ClubbingAnAnimal^c Thrashing^c CaningaPerson^c

Beautiful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beautiful`
Description	'Beautiful' is a subtype of 'Attractive' expressing the ability to cause a high level of pleasure when viewing an object or event. NOTE that to 'have beauty' is the same as to 'be beautiful', so this sense is systematically related to the sense of the word 'beauty', and at this point both English words are used as labels. This is similar to sense 1 of the RandomHouse Webster: 1. the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind, whether arising from sensory manifestations (as shape, color, sound, etc.), a meaningful design or pattern, or something else (as a personality in which high spiritual qualities are manifest). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beautiful' in WordNet: 1. (25) beautiful - (delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration; 'a beautiful child'; 'beautiful country'; 'a beautiful painting'; 'a beautiful theory'; 'a beautiful party')
Super-classes	Salient^c Attractive^c
Sub-classes	Sexy^c Voluptuous^c Splendid^c Dainty^c Scenic^c Lovely^c Gorgeous^c

BeautifulWoman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeautifulWoman`
Description	A ''BeautifulWoman'' is more attractive than a ''PrettyWoman''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beauty' in WordNet: 2. (1) smasher, stunner, knockout, beauty, ravisher, sweetheart, peach, lulu, looker, mantrap, dish - (a very attractive or seductive looking woman)`
Super-classes	PrettyWoman^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value StunninglyBeautiful^c

Beautifully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beautifully

Description

''Beautifully'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action to specify that it was performed in a manner that the action itself or the result of the action evokes a Feeling of pleasure in the way that looking at something ''beautiful'' does.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'beautifully' in WordNet:
          1. (6) beautifully, attractively -
            (in a beautiful manner; 'her face was beautifully made up')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Beautifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beautifying`
Description	The act of making something more ''Attractive'', hopefully (but not always) even ''Beautiful. NOTE: WN seems to make some distinction between the general sense of beautifying and the act of making more beautiful by adding something (sense 2: '2. deck, adorn, decorate, grace, embellish, beautify - (be beautiful to look at; 'Flowers adorned the tables everywhere')) and part of sense 3. The senses 2 and 3 are represented as subtype ''Decorating''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'beautify' in WordNet: 1. (1) fancify, beautify, embellish, prettify - (make more beautiful) WN noun 'beautification': 1. beautification - (the act of making something more beautiful)
Super-classes	Action^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Beauty^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Attractive^c
Sub-classes	StylingHair^c Decorating^c BeautyTreatment^c

Beauty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beauty

Description

''Beauty'' is an AttributeType that applies mostly to visual atractiveness, of people, art, or graceful actions such as dance, but can also apply to music, instrumental or voice, and to qualities of people such as unselfishness or generosity.

     Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'beauty' in WordNet,
     including behaviors that give pleasure to perceive:
        1. (16) beauty - (the qualities that give pleasure to the senses)

Super-classes Attractiveness^c

BeautyPageant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeautyPageant`
Description	`A ''BeautyPageant'' is a ''Competition'' between multiple Women who are assessed by judges (possibly a large number of people) who decide which one of them is the most ''Beautiful'' by some criteria. No WN sense. RHW has a sense for 'beauty contest': 1. a competition in which the entrants, usually women, are judged as to physical beauty and sometimes personality and talent, with the winners awarded prizes or titles.`
Super-classes	Competition^c Pageant^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value GroupOfWomen^c

BeautyParlor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeautyParlor`
Description	A ''BeautyParlor'' is a ''Shop'' where people (usually women) can have their appearance improved by, for example,hair styling, nail clpping or application of makeup or skin lotions. `RHW: an establishment for the hairdressing, manicuring, or other cosmetic treatment of women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beauty parlor' in WordNet: 1. salon, beauty salon, beauty parlor, beauty parlour, beauty shop - (a shop where hairdressers and beauticians work)`
Super-classes	Shop^c ServiceEstablishment^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Beautifying^c
Sub-classes	HairSalon^c

BeautyTreatment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeautyTreatment`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beauty treatment' in WordNet: 1. beauty treatment - (enhancement of someone's personal beauty)`
Super-classes	Beautifying^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Makeover^c

Beaver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beaver`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'beaver' in WordNet: 7. beaver - (large semiaquatic rodent with webbed hind feet and a broad flat tail; construct complex dams and underwater lodges)`
Super-classes	Rodent^c

BeaverDam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeaverDam`
Description	A ''BeaverDam'' is a ''FixedStructure'' similar to a ''Dam'' in lying on a stream bed and hindering the current so as to build up a small lake on the upstream side. However, this is built by beavers from sticks and mud, not by people, and is designed to protect the beaver by providing an nest inside the dam above the water level, with an entrance under water.
Super-classes	AnimalArtifact^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c ProtectiveObject^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value Beaver^c isOnTopOf^op value StreamBed^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value Beaver^c hinders^op value StreamCurrent^c isLocatedAt^op value Stream^c

Beckoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beckoning`
Description	This is the ''Beckoning'' that signifies that a Person wants another person to approach (come to him/her); this can be a form of welcoming (as into a room) to someone nearby to another person and uncertain if that Person would want her/him nearby. Usually done with the hand(s), sometimes with the Head. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'beckon' in WordNet: 3. beckon - (summon with a wave, nod, or some other gesture)`
Super-classes	SummoningSomeone^c MakingAGesture^c
Restrictions	signifies^op value Welcoming^c

BecomingAffiliated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingAffiliated`
Description	''BecomingAffiliated'' is a ''SocialInteraction'' in which one agent intentionally forms an ''Affiliation'' with another person or GroupOfPeople or Organization. This is an intransitive Action performed by the ''IntelligentAgent'' who becomes ''Affiliated'',though it may be the result of a Group or Organization formally accepting another Agent as an 'affiliate'. The ''Affiliation'' can be any of a variety of relationships, including ''Membership''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'affiliate' in WordNet: 1. affiliate - (join in an affiliation; 'They affiliated themselves with the organization') WN noun 'affiliation': 2. (2) affiliation - (the act of becoming formally connected or joined; 'welcomed the affiliation of the research center with the university')`
Super-classes	SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Affiliate^c causes^op value Affiliation^c

BecomingAwareOfAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingAwareOfAnEvent`
Description	The act of gaining knowledge or awareness of a particular action.
Super-classes	LearningAboutaTopic^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	CatchingUpOnDevelopments^c

BecomingBlind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingBlind`
Description	''BecomingBlind'' is the Action of some Animal losing its ''SenseOfVision''.
Super-classes	AttributeChangeEvent^c LosingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Animal^c hasThingLost^op value SenseOfVision^c subjectHasAttributeAfter^op value Blind^c mayBeCausedBy^op value BlindingAnAnimal^c subjectBecomes^op value Blind^c

BecomingDisappointed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingDisappointed`
Description	The Action in which some Agent becomes disappointed - due to the action of another agent, or merely due to some unwanted circumstance. The subject of this action is the person becoming disappointed, and this represents a passive voice of the verb 'disappoint' - 'he was disappointed by . . .'. `Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'dissapoint' in WordNet: 1. (5) disappoint, let down - (fail to meet the hopes or expectations of; 'Her boyfriend let her down when he did not propose marriage')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Disappointment^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Disappointed^c
Sub-classes	Disenchanting^c

BecomingDiverted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingDiverted`
Description	''BecomingDiverted'' is an Action in which some Person changes the type intensity or goal of its Behavior due to some form of ''DistractingaPerson'' that causes the Person to pay more attention to something other than the original Activity. This includes both transitive (causing diversion) and intransitive senses. These can be distinguished, if needed. ''Digressing'' is a subtype specific for 'wandering off topic' while communicating. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of verb sense 1 of 'divert' as well as sense 1 of 'sidetrack' (for changing the 'direction' of an activity, not a physical direction) in WordNet: 1. (2) deviate, divert - (turn aside; turn away from) 2. (2) divert - (send on a course or in a direction different from the planned or intended one) WN verb 'sidetrack': 1. sidetrack, depart, digress, straggle - (wander from a direct or straight course)
Super-classes	ModifyingBehavior^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op value DistractingaPerson^c
Sub-classes	Digressing^c

BecomingElected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingElected`
Description	''BecomingElected'' is an Event in which some Person is elected to some position. This co-occurs with ''ElectingSomeone'' but is an Event from the perspective of the Person who becomes ''Elected'' - that is, the ''Electee''.
Super-classes	Action^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ElectoralCandidate^c patientAssumesRole^op value Electee^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Elected^c
Sub-classes	ReElection^c

BecomingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingEvent`
Description	A 'BecomingEvent' is an Event in which some Object or Process changes its type or state or changes some internal attribute that is of noticeable significance. This captures the general sense of 'change' other than change of location. NOTE that this type is disjoint with 'PersistentState' . If some form of stasis occurs at the same time as a change, representing both of those types of Events would require that the staticEvent be a subevent, or that they both be subevents of some larger event. This is broad and intentionally vague so as to encompass any Event that could be referred to by a statement such as 'the object became . . .'. A change of color could suffice: 'the apple became red after three days'; 'the bananas turned yellow overnight'. Longer time intervals would also qualify: 'This little baby became a fearsome warrior'. Subtypes such as 'ChangeOfStatusEvent' and 'CreationOrDestructionEvent' are included. Changes in behavioral or psychological attributes of people or animals are included. NOTE: to specify the result of a change, use 'subjectBecomes' relation. To specify the entity changed, use the 'hadThingAffected' relation. NOTE: all Events involve a change of some attribute or relation, but this type of Event should be used for those changes that change something significant about the properties of the Object itself; mere change of location or of possession would not qualify as a 'BecomingEvent'. The number of subtypes is likely to expand as more and more specific events are found to be referred to by a phrase meaning 'become', such as 'turned' or 'turned into' or 'changed into' or 'was transformed'. It may be hard to exclude any Event other than a PersistentState, or Motion not involving internal changes, but the usage will have to be determined by its applicability in language processing, and kept as narrow as possible while accommodating common usage. This is a general sense including the intransitive and transitive sense of 'change' in WordNet, verb senses 1 and 3; conceptually included subtypes are not included in the term list: in WordNet: 1. (69) change - (undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; 'She changed completely as she grew older'; 'The weather changed last night') 3. (13) change, alter, vary - (make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; 'her mood changes in accordance with the weather'; 'The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season') WN noun sense 1 of 'change': 1. (76) change, alteration, modification - (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; 'the change was intended to increase sales'; 'this storm is certainly a change for the worse'; 'the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago') WN WN Also Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'become', verb senses 2 and 3 of 'turn' WN (especially as in 'turn into'), sense 4 of 'go' and WN noun senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'transition' and noun sense 1 of 'passage' in WN: WN noun 'transition' WN NOTE that the sense of 'get' is better expressed by 'turn into', but there is no WN Wordnet entry for that phrase. 1. (10) passage, transition - (the act of passing from one state or place to the next) 3. (1) transition - (a change from one place or state or subject or stage to another) WN 'become' 1. (333) become, go, get - (enter or assume a certain state or condition; 'He became annoyed when he heard the bad news'; 'It must be getting more serious'; 'her face went red with anger'; 'She went into ecstasy'; 'Get going!') 2. (222) become, turn - (undergo a change or development; 'The water turned into ice'; 'Her former friend became her worst enemy'; 'He turned traitor') 3. (5) become - (come into existence; 'What becomes has duration') WN verb 'turn': 2. (660) become, turn - (undergo a change or development; 'The water turned into ice'; 'Her former friend became her worst enemy'; 'He turned traitor') 3. (229) change state, turn - (undergo a transformation or a change of position or action; 'We turned from Socialism to Capitalism'; 'The people turned against the President when he stole the election') WN verb 'go': 4. (29) become, go, get - (enter or assume a certain state or condition; 'He became annoyed when he heard the bad news'; 'It must be getting more serious'; 'her face went red with anger'; 'She went into ecstasy'; 'Get going!' . . . 'go ballistic', 'go nuts', etc)
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c Reddening^c EnlistingInTheMilitary^c EnrollingAsaStudent^c GoingToSleep^c VaryingEvent^c Discoloring^c BecomingSobered^c BecomingOlder^c BecomingTired^c GrowingSomething^c Nominating^c HeatingSomething^c GlobalWarming^c Modification^c BecomingDisappointed^c OneUpping^c Evolution^c Undergoing^c TransferOut^c AppearingEvent^c ChangingOperatingProcedure^c HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c GoingToBed^c BecomingMarooned^c CeasingToExist^c Mutating^c BecomingUnstable^c Transition^c ReversingEvent^c Awakening^c CreationOrDestructionEvent^c Alternation^c DizzyingEvent^c BecomingStronger^c StoppingEvent^c ChangeOfStatusEvent^c ChangeOfCustomEvent^c Baking^c AttributeChangeEvent^c ChangeOfState^c IncreaseEvent^c LosingFunctionEvent^c BecomingPregnant^c IncurringDamage^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c AdaptingOneself^c InternalChange^c BecomingOpen^c Arising^c ReNaming^c Stimulus^c ArousingAnEmotion^c Deviation^c CooptingaGroup^c DoingSomething^c ProcessingSomething^c BecomingStable^c Familiarization^c Exchange^c StimulatingaPersonToAction^c CookingFood^c Diverging^c Overheating^c DisappointingSomeone^c SurprisingSomeone^c Scorching^c ElectingaMember^c ActionSummary-W6H^c ActingOnSomething^c Disappearing^c ChangeOfResidence^c DecreaseEvent^c SurfaceChangeEvent^c WakingUp^c CausingaChemicalChange^c FertilizingaFemaleOrganism^c Returning^c SwitchingOneThingForAnother^c CausingaShapeChange^c RegisteringToVote^c BecomingKnown^c Relocating^c LosingSomething^c BecomingTiredOfSomething^c BeddingDown^c GettingHotter^c BecomingElected^c GettingOutOfBed^c
In domain of	hasAttributeChanged^op hadChangedAttributeOrLocation^op

BecomingKnown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingKnown`
Description	Each ''BecomingKnown'' is an Event in which some ''Fact'' becomes known to some Person(s). This can occur due to some ''Informing'' action, or due to a ''DiscoveryEvent''. In the case of ''Informing'' the same Fact will have been known by some other Person, and in a ''DiscoveryEvent'' the Fact may not have been known to anyone previously. `NOTE that the main participant is a ''Fact'' which is treated as both both the subject and object of the Event in the restrictions. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'transpire' in WordNet: 3. transpire - (come to light; become known; 'It transpired that she had worked as spy in East Germany')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubject^op some Fact^c mayBeCausedBy^op value Informing^c mayBeCausedBy^op value DiscoveryEvent^c subjectBecomes^op some Known^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Known^c

BecomingMarooned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingMarooned

Description

''BecomingMarooned'' is an Action in which a ''Person''(s) becomes isolated in a location where they cannot leave to return to their home base (''Marooned''). This is prototypically on some remote unpopulate island, but could be in any wilderness where it is impractical to walk out and no transportation method is available. Typically there is no means of communication with the outside world.

       Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'maroon' in WordNet:
         1. (1) maroon, strand - (leave stranded or isolated with little hope of rescue;
            'the travellers were marooned')

Super-classes BecomingEvent^c
Isolating^c

BecomingNormal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingNormal`
Description	''BecomingNormal'' is the Action of some ''Thing'' that had some property differing from that of the majority of ''Thing''s of the same type, and after some ''Event' that property became close to the value of the average ''Thing'' of that type. This is the intransitive sense of 'normalize'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'normalize' in Wordnet: 1. normalize, normalise - (become normal or return to its normal state; 'Let us hope that relations with this country will normalize soon')`
Super-classes	AttributeChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Normal^c subjectHasAttributeAfter^op value Normal^c mayBeCausedBy^op value NormalizingSomething^c

BecomingOlder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingOlder`
Description	''BecomingOlder'' is a broad category for any Event in which something (physical or abstract) becomes 'older'' (i.e. the time beween its beginning and 'now' increases). Necessarily, everything that has a starting time gets older every minute of every day, but this type is used to discuss the associated events and properties that occur as specific things get older in specific ways. The phrase 'over time' is also used to discuss wha happens in association with aging. `This is for the literal process of getting older, not for the process of 'seeming' to get older or 'feeling' older. 'recede' is included here as used in the sense 'recede into the past' (of events). NOTE that this is the general sense; 'senesce; and 'mature' should be subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'age' in WordNet: 2. (1) senesce, age, get on, mature, maturate - (grow old or older; 'She aged gracefully'; 'we age every day-what a depressing thought!'; 'Young men senesce')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Weariness^c

BecomingOpen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingOpen`
Description	''BecomingOpen'' is the intransitive Event in which some solid surface develops a hole or 'opening' at some point in the surface. `Includes the transitive and intransitive verb senses 1 and 3 of 'open' in WordNet: 3. (17) open, open up - (become open; 'The door opened')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Opening^c
Sub-classes	Rupturing^c

BecomingPregnant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingPregnant`
Description	''BecomingPregnant'' is an Action in which a animal ovum is fertilized and an embryo begins to grow insode the animal. The word used for 'to become pregnant' is 'to conceive'. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'conceive' in WordNet: 3. (2) conceive - (become pregnant; undergo conception; 'She cannot conceive'; 'My daughter was conceived in Christmas Day') WN noun 'conception': 2. (4) conception - (the act of becoming pregnant; fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	starts^op value Pregnancy^c

BecomingSnagged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingSnagged

Description

''BecomingSnagged'' is a type of ''ResistingMotion'' in which some ''LongAndThinObject'' that is curved or hooked snags on some stationary Object that provides resistance to the motion of the ''LongAndThinObject''. This can be snagging of a fishing line, or a drag line, or the line of a kite, or snagging an ''Anchor''. The snagging can occur in any medium, air, water, or even vacuum of outer space, as in orbit. The object whose motion is resisted (as an ''Anchor'' is the subject of this Event.

    This is a  subtype of both ''ResistingMotion'' and ''Connecting'' the 
    snagging and the snagged object together do the 'Connecting' and the stationary object
    does the ''ResistingMotion''.   The subject of this Event has its motion resisted.

    @ToDo: This could be elaborated further by specifying the roles.

     Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'snag' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) snag - (catch on a snag; 'I snagged my stocking')

Super-classes Connecting^c
ResistingMotion^c

BecomingSobered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingSobered`
Description	''BecomingSobered'' is the Action of becoming more 'sober' in the sense of being more realistic about some situation, particularly about its dangers and potentials. This sense of 'sober' is not the sense of not being 'drunk'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sober up' in WordNet: 2. sober up, sober - (become more realistic; 'After thinking about the potential consequences of his plan, he sobered up')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Sobered^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op some Disappointment^c

BecomingStable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingStable`
Description	''BecomingStable'' is the intransitive Event in which some Object or Event or Attribute that is ''Unstable'' (or unsteady) becomes ''Stable''. This may be caused by a ''Stabilizing'' Action or may be spontaneous. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'stabilize' in WordNet: 3. stabilize, stabilise - (become stable or more stable; 'The economy stabilized')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Stable^c mayBeCausedBy^op value Stabilizing^c

BecomingStronger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingStronger`
Description	''BecomingStronger'' is a ''BecomingEvent'' (an intransitive Event) in which some object(s) become ''Stronger''. This can be caused by an internal processes, or by an external agent. `CYC ('StrengtheningEvent'): The collection of events in which something is strengthened. The Object affected does not have to be weak to start with, it only has to get stronger as a result of this Action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 (intransitive) of 'strengthen' in WordNet: 2. (1) strengthen - (gain strength; 'His body strengthened') WN noun 'strengthening': 1. strengthening - (becoming stronger)`
Super-classes	Action^c BecomingEvent^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Strength^c subjectBecomes^op value Stronger^c

BecomingTarnished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingTarnished`
Description	''TarnishingaSurface'' is the Action of some ''Thing'' whose surface becomes''Tarnished'' by some process. `Corresponds approximately to part (intransitive) of verb sense 1 of 'tarnish' in WordNet: 1. (1) tarnish, stain, maculate, sully, defile - (make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically; "The silver was tarnished by the long exposure to the air"; "Her reputation was sullied after the affair with a married man")`
Super-classes	Discoloring^c AttributeChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value TarnishingaSurface^c subjectHasAttributeAfter^op value Tarnished^c subjectBecomes^op value Tarnished^c

BecomingTired^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingTired`
Description	An Action in which some Agent becomes Tired (WEARY), which is a physical Feeling. This final state does not have to be caused by another agent, it may be simply due to natural weariness comin on from staying awake, or it may be due to actions that cause weariness. `This 'tired' is not 'tired of (something)' - that sense is represented by 'BecomingTiredOfSomething' and 'BeingTiredOfSomething' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'tire' in WordNet: 2. (3) tire, wear upon, tire out, wear, weary, jade, wear out, outwear, wear down, fag out, fag, fatigue - (exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress; "We wore ourselves out on this hike")`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Weariness^c

BecomingTiredOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingTiredOfSomething`
Description	An Action in which some Agent becomes 'tired' of some Event that is repeated more than the agent likes. This 'tired' is not for physical weariness, that is represented by 'BecomingTired'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tire' in WordNet: 1. (3) tire, pall, weary, fatigue, jade - (get tired of something or somebody)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value BeingTiredOfSomething^c

BecomingUnstable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingUnstable`
Description	''BecomingUnstable'' is the intransitive Event in which some Object or Event or Attribute that is ''Stable'' becomes ''Unstable''. This may be caused by a ''Destabilizing'' Action or may be spontaneous. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'destabilize' in WordNet: 1. destabilize, destabilise - (become unstable; 'The economy destabilized rapidly')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Destabilizing^c subjectBecomes^op value Unstable^c

BecomingWeaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BecomingWeaker`
Description	`Corresponds to intransitive verb senses 2 of 'weaken' in WordNet: 2. (2) weaken - (become weaker; 'The prisoner's resistance weakened after seven days')`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value Strength^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Weaker^c

Becquerel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Becquerel`
Description	SI activity measure. Symbol: Bq. It measures the amount of radioactivity contained in a given sample of matter. It is that quantity of a radioactive element in which there is one atomic disintegration per 'OneSecond'. Becquerel = s^(-1)
Super-classes	TimeDependentQuantity^c

Bed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bed`
Description	A 'FurniturePiece' designed to support a person comfortably while lying in a horizonal position; has a flat surface large enough to accommodate a person without any part of the body extending beyond the edge of the flat surface. This is for beds designed to support people while sleeping; for animal beds, a different type would have to be created - not done as of r943: #ToDo. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bed' in WordNet: 1. (51) bed - (a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep; 'he sat on the edge of the bed'; 'the room had only a bed and chair')`
Super-classes	Person-SupportingFurniture^c FlatToppedObject^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SleepingEvent^c isNormallyLocatedAt^op value Bedroom^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SleepingEvent^c
Sub-classes	SingleBed^c Cot^c KingSizeBed^c HospitalBed^c Hammock^c DoubleBed^c Berth^c BabyBed^c BunkBed^c

BedCover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BedCover`
Description	A Covering-Object such as a blanket or quilt that is used on a bed and intended to keep people warm while sleeping. The term 'cover' in this sense is often used in the plural, sometimes even wheen there is only one such object. `CYC ('BedCovering'): The collection of stuff that is intended to cover one's bed. This sense for a single object does not include the sheets, but in the phrase 'pull the covers over one's head', the sheets are probably included. SO the plural word form 'covers' is more inclusive than this sense. This sense corresponds to sense 2 of 'cover' in WordNet: 2. (8) blanket, cover - (bedding that keeps a person warm in bed; 'he pulled the covers over his head and went to sleep')`
Super-classes	TextileArtifact^c Bedcloth^c Surface-Open^c InsulatingCover^c SheetArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Comforter^c Afghan^c Blanket^c BedSpread^c

BedFootboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BedFootboard`
Description	This is for the vertical 'footboard' at the foot end ('bottom') of a ''Bed''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'footboard' in WordNet: 2. footboard - (a vertical board or panel forming the foot of a bedstead)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Panel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Bed^c

BedLinen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BedLinen`
Description	A ''BedLinen'' is a ''PieceOfCloth'' that is intended for use as a cover (top or bottom) in a bed (i.e. a ''BedSheet''), or a cover for a pillow. It is usually thin, commonly made of cotton, linen, or sometimes silk. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bed linen' in WordNet: 1. (1) bed linen - (linen or cotton articles for a bed (as sheets and pillowcases))`
Super-classes	PieceOfCloth^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value SheetLike^c
Sub-classes	Pillowcase^c BedSheet^c

BedSheet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BedSheet

Description

A 'BedSheet' is a sheet of cloth that is intended for use as a cover (top or bottom) in a bed. It is usually thin, commonly made of cotton, linen, or sometimes silk.

     CYC; The removable piece of cloth which covers a mattress.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bed sheet' in WordNet:
         1. sheet, bed sheet - (bed linen consisting of a large
            rectangular piece of cotton or linen cloth; used in pairs)

Super-classes PieceOfCloth^c
TextileArtifact^c
Bedcloth^c
BedLinen^c

BedSpread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BedSpread`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedspread' in WordNet: 1. bedspread, bedcover, bed cover, bed covering, counterpane, spread - (decorative cover for a bed)`
Super-classes	BedCover^c TextileArtifact^c

Bedcloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bedcloth`
Description	CYC 'BedCovering': The collection of stuff that is intended to cover one's bed. `NOTE: this type is a single sheet, not the collective; thus the singular label rather than the WN 'bedclothes'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedclothes' in WordNet: 1. bedclothes, bed clothing, bedding - (coverings that are used on a bed)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c FreeSheet^c ClothCovering^c Surface-Open^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Cloth^c
Sub-classes	BedCover^c BedSheet^c

BeddingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeddingDown`
Description	''BeddingDown'' is the final phase of 'GoingToBed', when one actually gets into a''Bed'' or some other place to actually sleep. This is not necessarily at one's usual ''Bedtime''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bed down' in WordNet: 1. (1) bed down, bunk down - (go to bed; 'We bedded down at midnight')`
Super-classes	Action^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value GoingToBed^c hasPrecondition^op value BeingAwake^c occursBefore^op value SleepingEvent^c
Sub-classes	SleepingAtaCrashPad^c

Bedridden^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bedridden

Description

Meaning depends on the link to ''BeingBedridden'' with its consequences.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bedridden' in Wordnet:
         1. bedfast, bedridden, bedrid, sick-abed - (confined to bed (by illness))

Super-classes Sick^c

Bedroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bedroom`
Description	SUMO: A Room intended primarily for sleeping. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedroom' in WordNet: 1. (22) bedroom, sleeping room, chamber, bedchamber - (a room used primarily for sleeping)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicObject^op value Bed^c hasCharacteristicActivity^op value SleepingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Nursery^c

Bedside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bedside`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedside' in WordNet: 1. (1) bedside - (space by the side of a bed (especially the bed of a sick or dying person); 'the doctor stood at her bedside')`
Super-classes	Place^c IndoorLocation^c
Restrictions	isAlongside^op value Bed^c

BedsideStand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BedsideStand`
Description	A 'BedsideStand'' is a small 'stand' that is used next to a ''Bed'' to hold any objects the user wants conveniently located. `Corresponds most closely to but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'stand' in WordNet: 4. (2) stand - (a small table for holding articles of various kinds; 'a bedside stand')`
Super-classes	Table-Furniture^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Bed^c isLocatedAt^op value Bedside^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Bed^c

Bedtime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bedtime`
Description	Each ''Bedtime'' is the ''TimeOfDay'' at which some person (or Group of persons) usually goes or intends to go to bed to sleep. This is commonly used for the time assigned by parents for children to go to bed. Usually but not always at night. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedtime' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bedtime - (the time you go to bed)`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Restrictions	commonlyHasEventType^op value GoingToBed^c typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value NightTime^c

Bee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bee`
Description	CYC: The collection of insects known as bees. `SUMO: A hairy Insect, some species of which produce honey and/or sting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bee' in WordNet: 1. (20) bee - (any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species)`
Super-classes	HymenopteranOrder^c VenomousAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasSurfacePart^op value Stinger^c hasOrganicPart^op value Stinger^c
Sub-classes	Bumble^c HoneyBee^c

BeeSting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeeSting`
Description	A ''BeeSting'' is a ''Bite'' (a wound on the skin) of a ''Bee'', `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bee sting' in WordNet: 1. bee sting - (a sting inflicted by a bee)`
Super-classes	ArthropodBite^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value Bee^c

BeechOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeechOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	BeechTree^c

BeechTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeechTree

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beech tree' in WordNet:
        1. (2) beech, beech tree - (any of several large deciduous trees 
           with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark
           and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; 
           north temperate regions)

Super-classes Tree^c
BeechOrder^c

BeechWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeechWood`
Description	The substance Beech or ''beechWood' ,a type of Wood, not a tree. For the tree, use ''BeechTree''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beechwood' in WordNet: 1. beech, beechwood - (wood of any of various beech trees; used for flooring and containers and plywood and tool handles)`
Super-classes	Wood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BeechTree^c

Beef^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beef`
Description	Meat from domestic cattle. `SUMO: Meat that was originally part of a Cow. (or bull?). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beef' in WordNet: 2. (3) beef, boeuf - (meat from an adult domestic bovine)`
Super-classes	Meat^c
Restrictions	isTheMeatOf^op value DomesticCattle^c
Sub-classes	TenderloinOfBeef^c GroundBeef^c

Beefsteak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beefsteak`
Description	A ''Beefsteak'' is a ''Steak'' consisting of beef. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beefsteak' in WordNet: 1. beefsteak - (a slice of beef usually cooked by broiling)
Super-classes	Steak^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Beef^c
Sub-classes	Fillet^c

Beefy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beefy

Description

''Beefy'' is a subattribute of ''Brawny'' specifically characterizing People who are heavier than most people in addition to having large developed muscles.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beefy' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) beefy, burly, husky, strapping, buirdly - (muscular and heavily built; 
            'a beefy wrestler'; 'had a tall burly frame'; 'clothing sizes for husky boys'; 
            'a strapping boy of eighteen'; 'buirdly' is a Scottish term')

Super-classes Brawny^c
Heavy^c

Beehive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beehive

Description

A Nest created by some Bees. The place where the 'queen' lives and produces offspring.

      One type of freestanding  ''Beehive'' has an inverted conical shape with a rounded top
      having several horizontal rings along the side, and is an easily recognizable image.
      Some women weer their hair in that style.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beehive' in WordNet:
         2. beehive, hive - (a structure that provides a natural habitation for bees;
              as in a hollow tree)

Super-classes NestForBees^c

Beep^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beep

Description

CYC: ('AudioBeep') An audible 'beep' sound.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beep' in WordNet:
         1. beep, bleep - (a short high tone produced as a signal or warning)

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Beeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beeping`
Description	Each ''Beeping'' is an Event in which a ''Beep'' sound is emitted by some object. This is the high-pitched 'beep' commonly made by electronic devices. The 'beep' of a vehicle's horn is represented as ''Honking'',. `No exact synset match in WN. The closest is a part of 'beep' verb sense 1, but that is closer to ''Honking'' in COSMO. In Wordnet: 1. honk, blare, beep, claxon, toot - (make a loud noise; 'The horns of the taxis blared')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Beep^c

Beer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beer`
Description	SUMO: An AlcoholicBeverage that is prepared by fermenting malt and hops. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beer' in WordNet: 1. (23) beer - (a general name for alcoholic beverages made by fermenting a cereal (or mixture of cereals) flavored with hops)`
Super-classes	AlcoholicBeverage^c CarbonatedBeverage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fermented^c
Sub-classes	Ale^c LightBeer^c

BeerCan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeerCan

Description

A specialization of #$DrinkingCan. Each instance of #$SodaCan is a can in which beer is contained and sometimes drunk from.

        Usually can be opened by pulling on a tab which moves or removes
            a porion of the flat top.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beer can' in WordNet:
          1. beer can - (a can that holds beer)

Super-classes DrinkingCan^c

Beeswax^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beeswax`
Description	''Beeswax'' is a 'Wax' produced by 'Bee''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beeswax' in WordNet: 1. beeswax - (a yellow to brown wax secreted by honeybees to build honeycombs)`
Super-classes	Wax^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value HoneyBee^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Waxy^c

Beet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beet`
Description	The ''Root'' of a ''BeetPlant'', from which the ''BeetStuff'' is derived. `Color: 'red as a beet'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beet' in WordNet: 2. beet, beetroot - (round red root vegetable)`
Super-classes	VegetableFoodObject^c PlantPart^c Root^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value BeetRed^c isTheBottomPartOf^op value BeetPlant^c

BeetPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeetPlant`
Description	Individual beet plants. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beet' in WordNet: 1. beet, common beet, Beta vulgaris - (biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c CentrospermaeOrder^c Vegetable-Plant^c
Sub-classes	SugarBeet^c

BeetRed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeetRed

Description

''BeetRed'' is a deep red - the color of a beet.

      How to say 'deep' color? saturation level??

Super-classes DarkRed-Color^c

BeetStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeetStuff`
Description	CYC : ('Beet-Foodstuff'): Foodstuff from the edible root of the beet plant.
Super-classes	RedSubstance^c Vegetable-Food^c CommodityProduct^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Beet^c

Beetle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beetle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beetle' in WordNet: 1. (1) beetle - (insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings)`
Super-classes	Insect^c
Sub-classes	Firefly^c Ladybug^c Weevil^c

Beforehand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beforehand

Description

''Beforehand'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses modifies a predicate phrase to make the sentence containing that phrase an assertion contingent on the timing of the predicate in that phrase

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'beforehand' in WordNet:
         1. ahead, in advance, beforehand - (ahead of time; in anticipation;
            'when you pay ahead (or in advance) you receive a discount';
            'We like to plan ahead'; 'should have made reservations beforehand')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Befriending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Befriending`
Description	Befriending'' is a ''BindingToAnotherPerson'' Action that produces a `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'befriend' in WordNet: 1. (1) befriend - (become friends with; 'John and Eric soon became friends'; 'Have you made friends yet in your new environment?')`
Super-classes	BindingToAnotherPerson^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Friendship^c

Beggar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beggar`
Description	A ''Pauper'' who lives (gets money or food) by begging rather than working. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beggar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) beggar, mendicant - (a pauper who lives by begging)`
Super-classes	Pauper^c
Sub-classes	Mooch^c

Begging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Begging

Description

A Pleading that is performed wih a sense of superior position of the person to whom the request is made, and with a desire that the request be performed as a gift, rather than as a right or moral duty.

     Corresponds to all 3 verb senses  of 'beg' in WordNet:
      1. (11) beg, implore, pray - (call upon in supplication; entreat; 'I beg you to stop!')
      2. (5) solicit, beg, tap - (make a solicitation or entreaty for something; 
            request urgently or persistently; 'Henry IV solicited the Pope for a divorce'; 
            'My neighbor keeps soliciting money for different charities')
      3. (2) beg - (ask to obtain free; 'beg money and food')

Super-classes Pleading^c

BeginningOfAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeginningOfAnEvent`
Description	Each BeginningOfAnEvent is the first temporal part of some Event (which could be as general as 'existing'). Each such part (which is not necessarily unique, since the 'end of the beginning' may be chosen somewhat arbitrarily) will satisfy the relation {?START starts ?WholeEvent}. NOTE: noun sense 1 of 'origin' in WordNet conflates several distinguishable types of 'origin'; this is only one. For the origin of a river, use 'BeginningOfCordLikeObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beginning' and part of senses 1 and 2 of 'origin' and noun sense 1 of 'start' and sense 1 of 'onset' in WordNet: WN 'beginning' 1. (18) beginning - (the event consisting of the start of something; 'the beginning of the war') WN 'origin': 3. (1) origin, origination, inception - (an event that is a beginning; a first part or stage of subsequent events) WN 'start': 1. (11) start - (the beginning of anything; 'it was off to a good start') WN noun 'onset': 1. (42) onset, oncoming - (the beginning or early stages; 'the onset of pneumonia')
Super-classes	SubEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	BuddingEvent^c Prelude^c OnsetOfAnAilment^c Arising^c RapidOnset^c OriginOfTheUniverse^c Renting^c

BeginningOfCordlikeObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeginningOfCordlikeObject

Description

Each 'BeginningOfCordlikeObject' is one of the two 'EndOfCordlikeObject's that is considered as the 'beginning' for long and thin objects that are asymmetrical. This can be used, for example, for the beginning of a river, or of a polynucleotide chain, or of a path, where the 'beginning; and 'end; are assigned conventionally.

    NOTE: noun sense 1 of 'origin' in WordNet conflates several distinguishable
       types of 'origin'; this is only one.

    Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'origin' in WordNet (the
      beginning of a river):
    in WordNet:
       1. (11) beginning, origin, root, rootage, source -
        (the place where something begins, where it springs into being; 
        'the Italian beginning of the Renaissance';
        'Jupiter was the origin of the radiation'; 
        'Pittsburgh is the source of the Ohio River';
        'communism's Russian root')

Super-classes EndOfCordlikeObject^c

BeginningToEndingTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeginningToEndingTime`
Description	Each ''BeginningToEndingTime'' is a TimeInterval that is the period of Time during which some entity (physical or abstract) existed, or, in the case where the thing still exists, the ending time can be specified as ''Now'. @mod61c added
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	hasEndingTimePoint^op some TimeInterval^c hasStartingTimePoint^op some TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	WholeLife^c

Begonia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Begonia

Description

Flowering plant commonly used in USA for landscaping gardens.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'begonia' in WordNet:
          1. begonia - (any of numerous plants of the genus Begonia grown
            for their attractive glossy asymmetrical leaves and colorful flowers
            in usually terminal cymes or racemes)

Super-classes FloweringPlant^c
BegoniaOrder^c

BegoniaOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BegoniaOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Begonia^c

Behavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Behavior`
Description	A Behavior is a manner of AnimalActivity that has acquired some word to characterize its pattern; it may be performed once or may be repeated at more or less frequent intervals, by an individual. Behaviors that an individual animal repeats sufficiently often that it can be considered a pattern characteristic of the animal would be subtypes such as 'Habit' or 'Practice'. Includes verb sense 1 and 2 of 'behave' and noun senses 1 and 3 of 'behavior' in WordNet: 1. (20) act, behave, do - (behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself; 'You should act like an adult'; 'Don't behave like a fool'; 'What makes her do this way?'; 'The dog acts ferocious, but he is really afraid of people') 2. (4) behave, acquit, bear, deport, conduct, comport, carry - (behave in a certain manner; 'She carried herself well'; 'he bore himself with dignity'; 'They conducted themselves well during these difficult times') WN noun 'behavior': 1. (30) behavior, behaviour, conduct, doings - (manner of acting or controlling yourself) 3. (8) demeanor, demeanour, behavior, behaviour, conduct, deportment - ((behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c AnimalActivity^c
Sub-classes	BehaviorTowardOthers^c CompulsiveBehavior^c ExhibitingEmotion^c MannerOfBehavior^c SexualBehavior^c Habit^c RationalBehavior^c Practice^c RoutineAction^c Swaggering^c

BehaviorAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BehaviorAttribute`
Description	Each subtype of 'BehaviorAttribute' is an attribute that characterizes some form of behavior. The attribute may be manifested in as few as one incident, and is not necessarily a 'PersonTraitValue', which is a subtype of BehaviorAttribute that is exhibited in multiple actions. `NOTE that a subtype of ''BehaviorAttribute'' can also be a subtype of ''FeelingAttribute''; e.g. ''Bold'' can be a Feeling (one can feel bold), or it can be a behavior attribute that inlines one to bold actions. There may be a distinction, but that has not been formalized as of rev 1195. **?? Can a Capability be a 'BehaviorAttribute' and a 'PersonTraitValue' at the same time?`
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c
Sub-classes	BadlyBehaved^c Selfish^c Impolite^c Irresponsible^c Reckless^c Fierce^c Skittish^c Careless^c Charming^c Entertaining^c Abusive^c Cooperative^c Nice^c Untrustworthy^c Genteel^c Passionate^c WorthyOfSomething^c Emotionless^c EasilyAgitated^c Noble^c Incurious^c DisposedToReason^c Curious^c Negligent^c Headstrong^c Competitive^c Cautious^c Perverse^c Insistent^c Tasteful^c Bold^c Unreliable^c Mincing^c Hospitable^c Wise^c Stubborn^c EmotionallyDisposed^c Careful^c Insulting^c Thorough^c Courageous^c Cowardly^c Aggressive^c Reliable^c SelfStarting^c Vulgar^c Undocumented^c Neat^c Kind^c Obstinate^c

BehaviorPreference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BehaviorPreference`
Description	Each 'BehaviorPreference' is a Choice of behavior of some Person or Group, from among possible behaviors. This is not the same as a Rule, for which violation will have negative consequences, The consequences for violating a community Preference may be nonexistent or trivial. Dictates of Fashion are common subtypes of BehaviorPreference. `NOTE: this needs to be related to some type of Behavior that is the Execution of this type of preference. ''Preference' is a subtype of ''Desire''. This is categorized as a choice of behavior, but the 'Behavior' may refer to what kinds of objects that a person wears or uses or keeps in the home. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fashion' in WordNet: 3. (2) fashion - (the latest and most admired style in clothes and cosmetics and behavior)`
Super-classes	Preference^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	PreferenceForAction^c StylePreference^c

BehaviorTowardOthers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BehaviorTowardOthers`
Description	''BehaviorTowardOthers'' is a broad category of human actions that are directed in some manner toward other animals, used especially of behavior toward humans (individual or as a group). This involves more than just mental processes, it also requires some form of physical activity. Examples would be 'CruelAct', 'kindness', 'helping others' or 'discrimination', or 'insulting someone'. Many ''SocialOccurrence''s or ''SocialInteraction''s would include an action in this category, but this type represents the action of a single indvidual or group toward another agent or group, rather than the aggregate of interactions that may occur when groups get together, There may be specific subtypes of this type that do not fall into either of those 'social' categories. This type of behavior 'isDirectedToward' people, but though it requires some physical action, it need not have a direct effect on the agent(s) toward which it is directed. For example, insulting someone may not have any perceptible effect on the one insulted.
Super-classes	Behavior^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some (Animal^c or GroupOfAnimals^c or AnimalType^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	Idolatry^c FollowingTheLeadOfAnother^c Discrimination^c Welcoming^c HarshBehavior^c

Behavioral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Behavioral

Description

''Behavioral'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''Behavior'' or some closely related or associated aspects.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'behavioral' in WordNet:
            1. (1) behavioral, behavioural - (of or relating to behavior; 'behavioral sciences')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

BehavioralDisposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BehavioralDisposition`
Description	A BehavioralDisposition is PersistentState of a 'IntentionalAgent' that manifests itself in a type of conscious behavior that occurs frequently under certain circumstances. This is a PersistentState, not an AttributeValue. `See also ''Tendency'' for a closely related type that is a Trait. Relation?? The notion of 'Tendency' for objects to behave in certain ways that do not involve conscious decisions is represented as the AttributeValue 'Tendency'.and its subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disposition' in WordNet: 3. inclination, disposition, tendency - (an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; 'he had an inclination to give up too easily'; 'a tendency to be too strict')`
Super-classes	MentalState^c MentalSituation-SingleSubject^c InternalState^c
Sub-classes	Honor^c BehavioralTic^c Cruelty^c Honesty^c Credence^c DegreeOfTolerance^c Sociality^c Instinct^c HumanSensitivity^c PersonalQuirk^c Attitude^c Eccentricity^c Gentleness^c EmotionalSensitivity^c

BehavioralManner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BehavioralManner`
Description	Each 'BehavioralManner' is a ''Manner'' that that characterizes a way of acting of animals (mostly people). The Action of behaving in a particuar way itself may be categorized as a subtype of 'MannerOfBehavior', which is a Behavior (an Action), not an AttributeValue. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'style' in RHW: 2. a particular, distinctive, or characteristic mode of action or manner of acting: They do these things in a grand style. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'manner' and sense 1 of 'mode' in WordNet, however, sense 4 of 'Style' is also a subtype represented as 'StylishManner'. in WordNet: 2. (17) manner, personal manner - (a way of acting or behaving) WN noun 'mode': 1. (13) manner, mode, style, way, fashion - (how something is done or how it happens; 'her dignified manner'; 'his rapid manner of talking'; 'their nomadic mode of existence'; 'in the characteristic New York style'; 'a lonely way of life'; 'in an abrasive fashion')
Super-classes	Manner^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op value Daintily^c
Sub-classes	StylishManner^c

BehavioralStreak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BehavioralStreak`
Description	A ''BehavioralStreak'' is any of several traits that impel a person to act frequently in unusual and possibly unwise manner, and may be referred to as a 'streak'. The more specific subtypes may relate to specific attributes. `One common 'streak' is the subtype ''StubbornStreak''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'streak' in WordNet: 2. (1) streak - (a distinctive characteristic; 'he has a stubborn streak'; 'a streak of wildness')`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	StubbornStreak^c

BehavioralTic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BehavioralTic`
Description	A ''BehavioralTic'' is a ''BehavioralDisposition'' that predisposes a Person to perform some kind of visible Action - often Speaking, but can also be some ''BodyMovementEvent''. `The type of Action that this predisposes to is broad and vague - perhaps there should be a class for 'unusual behavior'?? No WN sense for this. RHW 'tic': 2. a persistent or recurrent behavioral trait; personal quirk: her distinctive verbal tics.`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value HumanActivity^c

Beheading^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beheading

Description

''Beheading''is a ''KillingaPerson'' by cutting off that Person's head. This can be a ''Execution-Judicial'' or a Murder, or possibly an acccident. This includes all subtypes.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'behead' in WordNet:
         1. (1) decapitate, behead, decollate - (cut the head of;
           'the French King was beheaded during the Revolution')
      WN noun 'decapitation':
       1. decapitation, beheading - (execution by cutting off the victim's head)
       2. decapitation, beheading - (killing by cutting off the head)

Super-classes KillingaPerson^c

Behemoth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Behemoth`
Description	A ''Behemoth'' is a Person of exceptionally large size. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'behemoth' in WordNet: 1. giant, goliath, behemoth, monster, colossus - (someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful)`
Super-classes	GiantAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Huge^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extraordinary^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unusual^c

BehindInaCompetition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BehindInaCompetition

Description

'BehindInaCompetition' is an attribute of some agent who is in some kind of competition (very broadly defined), and is 'behind' (losing) versus one or more other competitors. Being behind is 'Bad' from the perspective of the one who is behind.

   CYC 'Losing': A collection of collections.  Each instance of
        #$Losing is a collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent
        that are in a losing position in some conflict event.  When
        a participant is losing it generally means that there is no
        advantage held over the opponent(s) in the conflict, even if
        the lack of advantage is only temporary.  Instances of this
        collection will usually be functionally denoted using
        #$LosingFn. For instance, (#$LosingFn WAR) denotes the
        collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that were in a
        losing position throughout WAR.


     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'behind' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) behind - (having the lower score or lagging position in a contest;
          'behind by two points'; 'the 8th inning found the home team trailing')

Super-classes Bad^c

Behindhand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Behindhand

Description

''Behindhand'' is an AdverbialModifier that a sentence to asser that the subject is late in making some payment(s).

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'behindhand' in WordNet:
          1. behind, behindhand, in arrears - (in debt; 'he fell behind with his mortgage payments';
            'a month behind in the rent'; 'a company that has been run behindhand for years'; 
            'in arrears with their utility bills')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

BeigeColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeigeColor`
Description	The color beige, used as an attribute (adjective). See also ''Ecru'' for the color value that is a noun. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beige' in Wordnet: 1. beige - (of a light greyish-brown color)`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	YellowishGray-Color^c

BeingAbsent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingAbsent`
Description	''BeingAbsent'' is a state that is an ''Absence'' of a Person from some place where that Person should be or is expected to be, for some TimeInterval.
Super-classes	Absence^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Absentee^c occursAt^op value PlaceOfAbsence^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Absent^c
Sub-classes	Absenteeism^c

BeingAbundant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingAbundant`
Description	''BeingAbundant'' is a specialization of ''Existence'' that characterizes a Group of Objects that is more numerous than some reference objects (implied or explicit). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abound' in WordNet: 1. (2) abound - (be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c Existence^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Abounding^c isPerformedBy^op value ObjectGroup^c

BeingAnEquivalent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingAnEquivalent`
Description	''BeingAnEquivalent'' is an ''Action'' performed by some ''Sign'', Abstract or Physical, that serves as an 'equivalent' in some sense to another thing. This can refer to linguistic or non-linguistic ''Signs''. 'canServeInRole' NOTE there are several ObjectProperties providing a means to express this kind of 'equivalence', including ''isaPhysicalRepresentationOf'', ''isAnAbstractRepresentationOf'', and ''hasPhysicalReresentation''. The arguments of those properties need not be asserted as instances of this type. @ToDo: there may be more detail that can relate all these elements. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'represent' in WordNet: 1. (39) represent, stand for, correspond - (take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to; 'Because of the sound changes in the course of history, an 'h' in Greek stands for an 's' in Latin')
Super-classes	RepresentingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Representation^c isPerformedBy^op value Sign^c
Sub-classes	DenotingSomething^c

BeingAttractedToSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingAttractedToSomething`
Description	''BeingAttractedToSomething'' is a subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' that characterizes a Person who is ''Attracted'' to somthing that will give her/him pleasure.. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'gravitate' in WordNet: 2. gravitate - (be attracted to; 'Boys gravitate towards girls at that age')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Attracted^c

BeingAwake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingAwake`
Description	BeingAwake is a PersistentState when an animal is Alive and neither Asleep nor Unconscious. An animal cannot be BeingAwake and 'Sleeping' at the same time. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wake' in WordNet: 1. (7) wake - (be awake, be alert, be there)`
Super-classes	NormalOrganismCondition^c PersistentState^c CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Awake^c agentHasAttribute^op value Awake^c hasPrecondition^op value WakingUpFromSleep^c
Sub-classes	Resting-RelaxingEvent^c

BeingAware^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingAware`
Description	''BeingAware'' is ''WatchingForTrouble'' in which some Person intentionally maintains an awareness of objects and actions in his/her immediate environs, usually due to some more-than-negligible expectation of trouble occurring in some form. One may 'beware' of some specific thing or type of thing, or of multiple things of different types. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'beware' in WordNet: 1. (2) beware, mind - (be on one's guard; be cautious or wary about; be alert to; 'Beware of telephone salesmen')`
Super-classes	WatchingForTrouble^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some owl:Thing^c

BeingBalanced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingBalanced`
Description
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value PhysicallyBalanced^c isPerformedBy^op value SolidObject^c

BeingBedridden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingBedridden`
Description	''BeingBedridden'' is a state performed by people who are so sick they are unable to walk under their own power..
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Bed^c hinders^op value Walking^c isPerformedBy^op some Person^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Bedridden^c

BeingBetweenObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingBetweenObjects`
Description	''BeingBetweenObjects'' is a type of 'Presence' in which the location of the ''ThingPresent'' is directly between two other PhysicalObjects.
Super-classes	Presence^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c) hasSubjectOfState^op value SolidObject^c

BeingBusy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingBusy`
Description	''BeingBusy'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which some person is ''Busy'' doing something that 'occupies' his/her time and attention. This is general, covering all degrees of time and depth of attention, but at a minimum when one is ''BeingBusy'' it will be more difficult to break away to atend to other tasks. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'occupy' in WordNet: 2. (8) busy, occupy - (keep busy with; 'She busies herself with her butterfly collection')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Busy^c
Sub-classes	Puttering^c DabblingInAnActivity^c

BeingCirculated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingCirculated`
Description	''BeingCirculated'' is a state in which something has been circulated (''communicated'') by one agent (which could be an automaton) to more than one other agent.
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Disseminating^c impliesAgentAttribute^op value Circulated^c

BeingClashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingClashing`
Description	''BeingClashing'' is a subype of ''BeingConflicting'' in which two or more entities put together produce an unpleasant or unharmonius effect on a Person perceiving those things together. This contrasts with ''GoingWellTogether'' `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'clash' in WordNet: 2. clash, jar, collide - (be incompatible; be or come into conflict; 'These colors clash')`
Super-classes	BeingConflicting^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value GoingWellTogether^c

BeingConflicting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingConflicting`
Description	''BeingConflicting'' is a subype of ''BeingContrasting'' in which two entities put together interfere in some way with a useful or beneficial or desirable effect that one or the other has. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conflict' in WordNet: 1. (2) conflict - (be in conflict; 'The two proposals conflict!')`
Super-classes	BeingContrasting^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Conflicting^c
Sub-classes	BeingClashing^c

BeingConforming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingConforming`
Description	''BeingConforming'' is a subype of ''GoingWellTogether'' for a Group of assertions whose apparent implications (not necessarily derived by formal logic) do not result in a ''Logical contradiction'. `Corresponds only approximately to verb sense 1 of 'conform' in WordNet: 1. (2) conform - (be similar, be in line with)`
Super-classes	GoingWellTogether^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value AssertionGroup^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Conforming^c

BeingContradictory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingContradictory`
Description	''BeingContradictory'' is a subype of ''BeingConflicting'' for a Group of assertions whose logical implications result in a ''Logical contradiction'. This is a subtype of 'proving' because contradictory assertions or data prove the contradicted assertion to be false. NOTE: the WN gloss seems to refer to one item ;contradicting' another, whereas this type expresses the notion that a Group of 'assertions' are logically contradictory when put together. NOTE that a 'logical contradiction' may often occur only when a series of inferences are produced from multiple assertions, so though one asertion may directly contradict another this represents the more general case where some conbination of two or more assertions leads to a logical contradiction. Includes verb senses 1 and 4 of 'contradict' in WordNet: 1. (6) contradict, belie, negate - (be in contradiction with) 4. negate, contradict - (prove negative; show to be false)
Super-classes	BeingContrasting^c Proving^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value AssertionGroup^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value LogicallyContradictory^c

BeingContrasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingContrasting`
Description	a ''BeingContrasting'' is a subype of ''BeingDifferent'' in which a Group of (usually) two or more items not only differ in some characteristic(s), but their differing properties contrast with each other. This is for use with ''Group''s. To assert that members of a group larger than two all differ, it would be necessary to assert the differences pairwise. `See also ''BeingPolarized'' for the limit if contrast. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contrast' in WordNet: 2. (3) contrast, counterpoint - (to show differences when compared; be different; 'the students contrast considerably in their artistic abilities')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Group^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Contrasting^c
Sub-classes	BeingContradictory^c BeingConflicting^c

BeingCrossEyed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingCrossEyed`
Description	''BeingCrossEyed'' is a ''AbnormalBodyCondition'' in which the eyes of an orgnism with binocular vision is impeded by the tendency of the two eyes to fail to focus on the same object - called techincally 'convergent strabismus'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convergent strabismus' in WordNet: 1. cross-eye, crossed eye, convergent strabismus, esotropia - (strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose)`
Super-classes	DysfunctionalCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value CrossEyed^c

BeingCrowded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingCrowded`
Description	''BeingCrowded'' is a specialization of ''HavingPeopleInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there is a ''CrowdOfPeople'' present in that location - if inside, little room to move around; if outside, nearly filling a large area.
Super-classes	HavingPeopleInside^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op value CrowdOfPeople^c isPerformedBy^op value CrowdOfPeople^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Crowded^c

BeingDead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingDead`
Description	The state performed by some LifeForm after it dies (experiences ''Death''). The state of ''BeingDead'' is not usually of interest - the Events of a life prior or the experence of dying are of more general interest. But when someone checks ''VitalSign''s, this is one of the conditions that may be indicated. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'death' in WordNet: 5. (36) death - (the absence of life or state of being dead; 'he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life')`
Super-classes	PersistingEvent^c PersistentState^c Experience^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some LifeForm^c isCausedBy^op value Death^c

BeingDifferent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingDifferent`
Description	a ''BeingDifferent'' is a PersistentState in which two items differ in some characteristic(s). This is for use with ''OrderedPair''s to allow specification of differences. To assert that members of a group larger than two all differ, it would be necessary to assert the differences pairwise. `see also relations ''subjectsHaveDifference'' and ''haveNumericalDifference''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'differ' in WordNet: 1. (28) differ - (be different; 'These two tests differ in only one respect')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some OrderedPair^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Different^c

BeingEmployed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingEmployed`
Description	''BeingEmployed'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which some Person has the ''Employed'' attribute (performs some 'job' in some ''EmploymentPosition''). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'work' in WordNet: 2. (62) work, do work - (be employed; 'Is your husband working again?'; 'My wife never worked'; 'Do you want to work after the age of 60?'; 'She never did any work because she inherited a lot of money'; 'She works as a waitress to put herself through college')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasStartingEvent^op value AssumingaPosition^c isPerformedBy^op value Employee^c impliesAgentAttribute^op value Employed^c

BeingEngaged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingEngaged

Description

A PersistentState of having an Agreement to marry; The agreement is represented by ''Engagement''. This state is initiated by the act of ''GettingEngaged''.

      NOTE: the agreement represented by ''Engagement'' and the 
        state of ''BeingEngaged'' are an Object and State,
        respectively, closely related but that relation is not yet (Rev1303)
        formalized.

    Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'engagement' in WordNet:
      3. (2) betrothal, troth, engagement - (a mutual promise to marry)

Super-classes HavingAnAgreement^c

BeingEntertained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingEntertained`
Description	An Action in which a Person is entertained - either by others, or by him/herself. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'entertainment' in WordNet: 1. (6) entertainment, amusement - (an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention)`
Super-classes	Action^c
Sub-classes	EntertainmentEvent^c

BeingEsteemed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingEsteemed`
Description	''BeingEsteemed'' is a state in which some other People have a Feeling of ''Esteem''for the subject of this state. This is a deeper level of respect' than parent ''BeingRespected''. `NOTE that ''BeingEsteemed'' does not necessarily mean that all or even most people have 'Esteem'' for the subject. Subtypes could express different levels. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'esteem' in WordNet: 1. (2) esteem, regard, respect - (the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded); 'it is held in esteem'; 'a man who has earned high regard')`
Super-classes	BeingRespected^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Esteemed^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Esteemed^c isCausedBy^op value EsteemingSomeone^c
Sub-classes	SocialStature^c SocialSuccess^c

BeingExtinct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingExtinct`
Description	''BeingExtinct'' is a ' ''PersistentState'' that is performed by a ''"BiologicalSpecies'' that has suffered from ''Extinction''. `NOTE: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extinction' in WordNet: 1. (2) extinction, defunctness - (no longer in existence; 'the extinction of a species')`
Super-classes	Action^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Species^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Extinct^c

BeingFinite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingFinite`
Description	''BeingFinite'' is the state of something with a finite magnitude. This can apply to abstract numbers or to PhysicalObjects or Events for which the magnitude (or length of time) is a salient property.
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Finite^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Finite^c
Sub-classes	TotalingUpto^c

BeingFlooded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingFlooded`
Description	''BeingFlooded'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there is some quantity of ''Water'' inside the object in this state, where the Water is not confined to a container, and is in places (such as on the floor or bottom of the object) where it would normally do damage. A place may be flooded intentionally as a eans of cleaning out something, but sually this is an undesirable situation.
Super-classes	HavingSomethingInside^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Flooded^c hasObjectOfState^op value Water^c

BeingFractured^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingFractured`
Description	This is the condition of having a broken bone. For the Event causing this condition use ''BreakingaBone''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fracture' in WordNet (note that this is not the action ('breaking') but the condition resulting from the break.: in WordNet: 1. fracture, break - (breaking of hard tissue such as bone; 'it was a nasty fracture'; 'the break seems to have been caused by a fall')`
Super-classes	InjuryCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Fractured^c isCausedBy^op value BreakingaBone^c

BeingImpressed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingImpressed`
Description	COSMO note: ''BeingImpressed'' is categorized as a pleasant Feeling, caused by some situation or Event that is ''Impressive''. More detail is needed to distinguish an 'impressive' appearance from the mental 'impression' it causes The closest WN sense contains the sense of 'outward appearance' but this type is solely for the Feeling produced by things (Objects or actions) that are ''Impressive''. Includes but is not limited to part of noun sense 2 of 'impression' in WordNet: 2. (6) impression, effect - (an outward appearance; 'he made a good impression'; 'I wanted to create an impression of success'; 'she retained that bold effect in her reproductions of the original painting')
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c Pleasure^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Impressed^c

BeingInControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingInControl`
Description	''BeingInControl'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) in which the agent 'dominates' other agents in some fashion. This broadly covers Relations on ControllingAnAgent Authority = Role of agent who can control has ControllingAuthority or performs ''BeingInControl'' ''ControllingAuthority'' (authority to control/ SocialPower) = Capability of ''ControllingAnAgent'' Authority performs = ''BeingInControl'' (state/status of having ''ControllingAuthority'' Authority performs = ControllingAnAgent (''Action'' of exercising control over an agent) dominant = ablility to control = capability Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dominance' in WordNet: 2. (3) dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency, control - (the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; 'her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her')
Super-classes	SuperiorStatus^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value ControllingAuthority^c
Sub-classes	MonopolizingSomething^c Supremacy^c PoliticalRule^c

BeingInProximity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingInProximity`
Description	'BeingInProximity' represents the static situation in which some Object or Substance is near to some Object or Place for some TimeInterval. Being 'near' depends not only on an absolute distance of two things from each other, but on their sizes as well; see 'Nearby' for a discussion. This is only a stub of what a meaningful interpretation would include - @ToDo: to be elaborated. The state of 'BeingInProximity' includes being adjacent, overlapping, or inside of something else, or 'at' a particular location; see the subtype 'Presence'. NOTE: this type should relate to a pair of things, which may be Objects, substances, or Places - the restriction only refers to one of the participants, the subject in a 'isNearTo' relation. @ToDoFOL: should add a place for the second participant, but to do this correctly would require the FOL version.
Super-classes	StaticSituation^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some (Object^c or GenericAgent^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	BeingSurrounded^c SurroundingAnObject^c Presence^c

BeingInaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingInaPlace`
Description	''BeingInaPlace'' is a very general type expressing where a thing is. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'be' in WordNet: 3. (921) be - (occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; 'Where is my umbrella?' 'The toolshed is in the back'; 'What is behind this behavior?')`
Super-classes	Action^c Presence^c PersistingEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some PhysicalObject^c occursAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c)
Sub-classes	BeingUnderwater^c BeingPresent^c OccupyingaPlace^c OverlappingPartly^c BeingOnHorseback^c BeingUnderneathSomething^c OverlookingaPlace^c BeingBalanced^c OrganismPrevalence^c ExtendingOutward^c BeingInaTrench^c HumanOccupancy^c

BeingInaRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingInaRole`
Description	The PersistentState of some entity (the subject) being in some role, i.e. playing some Role. This is one of the ideas that can be expressed by phrases like 'subject is a'. This is a subtype of ''Action'' because the *subject behaves as an agent who 'does' something. NOTE: this ''PersistentState'' is closely related to COSMO properties (relations) that begin with 'is', as ''isaDramaticRoleOf'' or ''isaGoalOf'' or ''isaKinOf''. Linguistically, such relations may appear as verbal phrases beginning with 'is' (and often ending in 'of'), but logically they can be represented by either a ''PersistentState'' or a relation (owl:property). There should be a logical 'bridging axiom' that can translate either means of expressing the notion into the other. That will have to be postponed until an @FOL version of COSMO is prepared. IN THE CASES where this type is used to express the ''PersistentState'' of having a particular role there may be diverse aspects of playing a Role that cannot easily be captured in only one or two relations. For example, ''BeingaStudent'' could point to the school or tutor doing the teaching,but other roles would need different relations to express the facets of the Role. So this remains (Rev1351) a shell of what the full meaning could be.
Super-classes	Action^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op some RoleType^c
Sub-classes	BeingaMemberOfaGroup^c ConstitutingSomething^c

BeingInaTrench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingInaTrench`
Description	''BeingInaTrench'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' where the 'place' is a ''Trench' dug for protection in a ''CombatZone''..
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some CombatZone^c isPerformedBy^op some Soldier^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Entrenched-Military^c occursAt^op some Trench^c

BeingIncluded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingIncluded`
Description	''BeingIncluded'' is the state of something that experienced a ''IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate'' action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inclusion' in WordNet: 1. inclusion - (the state of being included)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Included^c impliesAgentAttribute^op value Included^c

BeingKilled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingKilled`
Description	'BeingKilled' is a Death that is either an 'AccidentalDeath' or is a Death caused by a 'Killing'. It is disjoint with NaturalDeath. NOTE that any Death that is not a NaturalDeath is a BeingKilled, whether that BeingKilled was caused by accident or natural disaster or other freak cause. NOTE that 'BeingKilled' is not necessarily due to an intentional Killing. This usage is to intuitively accommodate phrases such as 'He was killed in an accident/fire/tornado/earthquake' and any other kind of Death that is not a NaturalDeath.
Super-classes	Death^c
Sub-classes	Suffocation^c DeathByKilling^c AccidentalDeath^c Drowning^c

BeingLarger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingLarger`
Description	''BeingLarger'' is the state of being larger than something else. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'largeness' in WordNet: 3. largeness, bigness - (the property of having a relatively great size)`
Super-classes	Largeness^c RelativeState^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfComparison^op some owl:Thing^c

BeingLeftOver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingLeftOver`
Description	A PersistentState in which some Object remains in some location after other parts of a Group or Object have left or been taken away or been consumed, This is used for people who remain in a room after others have left, items of food left unconsumed after a meal, fuel remaining in a tank after some has been used, etc. 'We got home with only two gallons left in the tank'. 'After talking to him there were still questions left.' 'After the party there were still two pies remaining.' NOTE: This differs from the more generic 'NonEvent' in that the thing that remains is part of a larger object or group, part of which no longer remains; For staying in some location use 'RemainingInaLocation', For staying in some state or situation, use 'StayingInaState'. These senses of 'remaining' are not necessarily disjoint, and may describe different views of the same situation. The PersistentState of a person remaining in a room after some others have left is an instance of both BeingLeftOver and 'RemainingInaLocation' and these two types are combined in 'StayingBehind'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'remain' and sense 1 of 'stay' in WordNet: 3. (34) remain - (be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc.; 'There remains the question of who pulled the trigger'; 'Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war')
Super-classes	NonEvent^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Remaining^c
Sub-classes	StayingBehind^c RemainingInaLocation^c

BeingLuminous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingLuminous`
Description	''BeingLuminous'' is a subtype of ''EmittingLight'' in which the degree of luminosity of the source is conspicuous, though not so bright as to strongly illuminate other objects. The full moon is an example where there is some illumination, but not enough to see detail.
Super-classes	EmittingaGlow^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Luminous^c alwaysCauses^op value LightPropagationEvent^c produces^op value Light^c

BeingObserved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingObserved`
Description	''BeingObserved'' is a state in which something is the object of an ''Observing''.
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Observing^c impliesAgentAttribute^op value Observed^c

BeingOnHorseback^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingOnHorseback`
Description	''BeingOnHorseback'' is the state of a person who is Riding a Horse.
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some HorsebackRider^c occursAt^op value Horse^c isCausedBy^op some MountingaHorse^c

BeingOneUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingOneUp`
Description	Being ''OneUp'' is being ''Ahead'' in a Contest by one point or some similar small measure.
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value OneUp^c

BeingOutOfMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingOutOfMoney`
Description	Each ''OutOfMoney'' state is a form of ''Insolvency'' for an individual ''Person'' who has no available money with which to pay bills.
Super-classes	Insolvency^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Broke^c agentLacks^op value Money^c isPerformedBy^op some Person^c

BeingPennyPinching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingPennyPinching`
Description	''BeingPennyPinching'' is a type of 'GoodJudgment' in knowing how best to spend money. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penny-pinching' in WordNet: 1. parsimony, parsimoniousness, thrift, penny-pinching - (extreme care in spending money; reluctance to spend money unnecessarily) WN verb 'penny-pinch': 1. (1) penny-pinch, nickel-and-dime - (spend money frugally; spend as little as possible)`
Super-classes	Discreetness^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value PennyPinching^c

BeingPolarized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingPolarized`
Description	a ''BeingContrasting'' is a subype of ''BeingDifferent'' in which each member of some ''Pair'' has some type of QualitativeAttribute,the value of which is oposite of that of the other member of the Pair. `NOTE: the term ''Polarized'' in COSMO is used for electromagnetic radiation. The similar meaning is ''QualitativelyOpposite'' - but that term does not completely capture the meaning of being at two ends of a spectrum of values. NOTE2: 'polarization' is also a label used for the action of polarizing light. Corresponds to part (having polarity) of noun sense 2 of 'polarization' in WordNet: 2. (1) polarization, polarisation - (the condition of having or giving polarity)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Pair^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value QualitativelyOpposite^c

BeingPresent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingPresent`
Description	''BeingPresent'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' used for a ''Person''s who are ''Present-NotAbsent'' at some Location (or at some Event at some Location). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'presence ' in WordNet: 6. presence - (the act of being present)`
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c) agentHasAttribute^op value Present-NotAbsent^c
Sub-classes	AttendingaSocialEvent^c GoingToSchool^c TakingaCourse^c

BeingProminent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingProminent`
Description	''BeingProminent'' is the state of something that is ''Prominent'', i.e. very ''Perceptible'' (noticeable) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prominence' in WordNet: 1. (3) prominence - (the state of being prominent: widely known or eminent)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Perceptible^c
Sub-classes	Overshadowing^c

BeingQualified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingQualified`
Description	''BeingQualified'' is a ''BeingSuitable'' (a ';PersistentState'') in which something - of any type - meets some specific requirements established by another agent . ''BeingQualified'' makes the agent of that state 'qualified' to participate in some Event. This is also a 'Fulfilling'' in which an Agent 'fulills' some requirement that is necessary for some purpose. This ''Action' is not necessarily result of an attempt to 'qualify', it could be a by-product of some efforts or passive Events that make a Perso qualified, such as meeting the requirements for an award for bravery, or getting a Nobel Prize. This is very broad. For meeting requirements where an Agent has to make some effort in an attempt to reach the level wheres/he is qualified,use ''SatisfyingaRequirement''. `Qualified for a Task? use relation ''impliesAgentAttribute''. Not mandatory to specify. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'qualify' in WordNet: 1. (14) qualify, measure up - (prove capable or fit; meet requirements)`
Super-classes	BeingSuitable^c Fulfilling^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op only CapabilityType^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Qualified^c
Sub-classes	Sufficing^c HavingaQualification^c

BeingQuarantined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingQuarantined`
Description	''BeingQuarantined'' is the state of an Animal (including people) that has been isolated from other animals or people, voluntarily or involuntarily, as a temporary measure to prevent the spread of a disease. CYC 'Quarantine': The collection of #$Events during which an individual, or a group, suspected of being contaminated is kept for a determined time isolated in observation to prevent spreading of #$Pathogenic #$Microorganisms in a larger community. The CYC entry gloss is ambiguous between putting someone (or an animal) into quarantine, or the state of being quarantined, but the parent types seem to suggest the state.. This is the state of being in quarantine. The action of putting something into quarantin is represented as ''Quarantining''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quarantine' in WordNet: 1. quarantine - (enforced isolation of patients suffering from a contagious disease in order to prevent the spread of disease)
Super-classes	Isolation^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Quarantining^c

BeingReadyForUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingReadyForUse`
Description	''BeingReadyForUse'' is a ''BeingSuitable'' (a ';PersistentState'') in which some resource - of any type - is in the proper location and in the proper condition to be used for some purpose..
Super-classes	BeingSuitable^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Action^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Ready^c

BeingRecognized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingRecognized`
Description	'BeingRecognized' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which one or more Persons are known by others to have performed something notably good or bad; BeingRecognized includues being notorious. This is a broad sense, covering the whole range of recognition of the merit of one individual by another individual, to minor awards like 'employee of the month', to a high level of 'Fame' such as achieved by entertainers like the Beatles or scientists like Einstein or rulers like Alexander the Great or Hitler ('Notorious'). `@ToDo: perhaps should distinguish among the numbers of people that recognize an individual's achievements? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recognition' in WordNet: 1. (10) recognition, acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged; 'the partners were delighted with the recognition of their work'; 'she seems to avoid much in the way of recognition or acknowledgement of feminist work prior to her own')`
Super-classes	Status^c
Sub-classes	Notoriety^c GoodReputation^c SocialSuccess^c

BeingRelated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingRelated`
Description	Each 'BeingRelated' is a PersistentState in which two or more entities continue in some relation to one another. Every Relation in COSMO specifies some kind of 'being related' in general. but this type is for a more specialized kind of 'being related' that reifies some relation that persists for some interval of time in a form that can be conveniently discussed linguistically. One subtype is the 'Depending' relation, which may take several special forms, such as one person depending on another for financial support, or a contingency in which the occurrence of some Event has another Event as a prerequisite. This state has a Group as its main participant - to use this type, the Group must be specified. The entities that are related form a Group that has the qualitative attribute 'Related'. See 'Related'. Includes verb senses 2 snd 4 of 'relate' and noun sense 1 of 'relation' (but is not restricted to two entities) in WordNet: 2. (9) refer, pertain, relate, concern, come to, bear on, touch, touch on - (have to do with or be relevant to; 'There were lots of questions referring to her talk'; 'My remark pertained to your earlier comments') 4. (4) relate, interrelate - (be in a relationship with; 'How are these two observations related?') WN noun 'relation': 1. (27) relation - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together)
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Related^c hadMainParticipant^op some Group^c
Sub-classes	Affinity^c Depending^c Involving^c

BeingRespected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingRespected`
Description	'BeingRespected' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which a person is the object of the Feeling 'Respect' from another person; there are degrees of respect depending on how many share that feeling. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'respect' in WordNet: 2. (5) esteem, regard, respect - (the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded); 'it is held in esteem'; 'a man who has earned high regard')`
Super-classes	SocialState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Respected^c
Sub-classes	BeingEsteemed^c

BeingSlanted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingSlanted`
Description	''BeingSlanted'' is a type of 'Presence' in which the ''ThingPresent'' is lying on a''Slant'', not level, on the ''TopSurface'' of a 'SolidObject''. This contrasts with ''LyingHorizontally''. `Corresponds to veb sense 1 of 'slant' in WordNet: 1. (1) slant - (lie obliquely; 'A scar slanted across his face')`
Super-classes	BeingSupported^c Presence^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value TopSurface^c contrastsWith^op value LyingHorizontally^c hasSubjectOfState^op value SolidObject^c

BeingSuggestiveOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingSuggestiveOfSomething`
Description	''BeingSuggestiveOfSomething'' is having some ''Similarity'' of attribute(s) that remind one of something not explicitly present in the suggestive thing. The terms 'reek' and 'smack' (used with 'of) themselves suggest that the thing thus characterized are considered ''Bad'' by the Person using them in this sense, but that is not necessary to the meaning. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'smack' in WordNet: 2. (1) smack, reek - (have an element suggestive (of something); 'his speeches smacked of racism')`
Super-classes	EvokingaMemory^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Similarity^c

BeingSuitable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingSuitable`
Description	'BeingSuitable' is a PersistentState of some Object during which the *subject Object 'suits' or 'is suitable' in some sense for some purpose. `See PersistentState ''Fitting'' for objects 'fitting' together. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suit' in WordNet: 1. (7) suit, accommodate, fit - (be agreeable or acceptable to; 'This suits my needs')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Suitable^c
Sub-classes	BeingQualified^c Homelessness^c ConvenienceState^c BeingReadyForUse^c

BeingSupported^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingSupported`
Description	An Event in which one solid object is supported by another object in a gravitational field; the supporting action prevents the patient from falling to the ground level. This is very broad, and includes the notion of being supported by (floating in) a liquid or being supported by a transportation device while being trasported; see the subtype 'FloatingEvent'. `This is a passive sense of 'SupportingSomething'.`
Super-classes	ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation^c DualObjectEvent^c
Sub-classes	BeingSlanted^c SittingEvent^c FloatingEvent^c HangingFromSomething^c LyingHorizontally^c

BeingSurrounded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingSurrounded`
Description	''BeingSurrounded'' differs from 'SurroundingSomething' in that '''SurroundingSomething''' creates a PhysicalObject but ''SurroundingAnObject'' is an ''EnclosingSomething'' ; this Action also causes the static ''PersistentState'' of ''BeingSurrounded'' in which some Object has something - an ObjectGroup or single PhysicalObject - that exists on most or all sides (in 2 or 3 dimensions) of the surrounded ''PhysicalObject''. e.g. 'the forest surrounds my house' `NOTE: this includes as subEvents the sense of 'being surrounded' performed by the object that is surrounded by something else, as well as the transitive 'surrounding' performed by the Object doing the surrounding. The 'shut in' sunset might be a subtype, for 'completely' surrounding. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'surround' in WordNet:`
Super-classes	BeingInProximity^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value SolidObject^c

BeingSuspected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingSuspected`
Description	''BeingSuspected'' is a state in which the entity in focus has the quality ''Suspected''. This can be used for ideas or Events or people. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'suspicion' in WordNet: 3. suspicion - (the state of being suspected; 'he tried to shield me from suspicion')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Suspected^c

BeingTiredOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingTiredOfSomething`
Description	'BeingTiredOfSomething' is a Feeling arising from some Agent becoming 'tired' of some Event that is repeated more than the agent likes. This 'tired' is not for physical weariness, that is represented by 'Weariness'. This Feeling includes being Jaded, but also a preference not to experience the Even that cause the Feeling. 'BeingTiredOfSomething' is not exactly the same as Boredom, and not the same as Annoyance, but seems to incorporate some components of both Feelings. There is no WordNet synset that seems to cover this sense. If there were an English word, it might be something like 'jadedness', though that captures only a part of this Feeling. Since 'Boredom' can be a part of 'BeingTiredOfSomething', it is set as a subtype: perhaps more nuance needed? 'BeingTiredOfSomething' is a DirectedFeeling, and the tiring thing must be specified; But - does 'Boredom' need no triggering causal events?? Perhaps too frequent repetition of similar things? Can one be bored withuot anything causing the boredom?
Super-classes	EmotionalState^c DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Jaded^c
Sub-classes	Boredom^c

BeingUnderSurveillance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingUnderSurveillance`
Description	''BeingUnderSurveillance'' is a state in which some Person is being closely watched ('surveiled') by some LawEnforcementOrganization.
Super-classes	BeingWatched^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value UnderSurveillance^c isCausedBy^op value Surveillance^c

BeingUnderneathSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingUnderneathSomething`
Description	''BeingUnderneathSomething'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' where the 'place' is underneath and supporting some other PhysicalObject (which can be a quantity of a liquid, such as a BodyOfWater). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'underlie' in WordNet: 2. underlie - (lie underneath)`
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Underlying^c isPerformedBy^op some UnderlyingObject^c occursAt^op some UnderWater^c

BeingUnderwater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingUnderwater`
Description	''BeingUnderwater'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' where the 'place' is ''UnderWater' - under the surface of some Water Object.
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some PhysicalObject^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Submerged^c occursAt^op some UnderWater^c

BeingUpset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingUpset`
Description	A mild unhappiness caused by the occurrence of an unpleasant event in the past. Compare this with 'Anxiety' which is directed at some possible future Event. This Feeling is more intense than the milder forms of 'Dissatisfaction' or ''Annoyance'', being in addition an 'Unhappiness'. This can also be viewed as a 'Concern' (a mental state) strong enough to cause a period (possibly short) of distractedness and mild unhappiness due to the recognition or anticipation of the possible occurrence of an unpleasant event to oneself or another Person. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'perturbation' in RHW: 2. the state of being perturbed. 3. mental disquiet, disturbance, or agitation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upset' and sense 1 of 'perturbation' in WordNet: 1. (1) disturbance, perturbation, upset - (an unhappy and worried mental state; 'there was too much anger and disturbance'; 'she didn't realize the upset she caused me')
Super-classes	Dissatisfaction^c Annoyance^c Displeasure^c Unhappiness^c DirectedFeeling^c Concern^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Upset^c isCausedBy^op value UnpleasantEvent^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Upset^c
Sub-classes	Pouting^c

BeingVisible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingVisible`
Description	''BeingVisible'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which some PhysicalObject is ''Visible'', i.e. perceivable by a person or other agent that can see visible light. To have the attribute ''visible'' an Object must be the object of an ''"IlluminatingSomething'' Event (which can be done by a natural or artificial light source). An object can be ''Visible'' by itself emitting light, or by being illuminated. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visibility' in WordNet: 1. (1) visibility, visibleness - (quality or fact or degree of being visible; perceptible by the eye or obvious to the eye; 'low visibility caused by fog')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Visible^c
Sub-classes	Showing^c

BeingWarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingWarm`
Description	'BeingWarm' is a PersistentState of some PhysicalObject during which the PhysicalObject is at a temperature above 20 deg C, but below 50 deg C. ; the actual borders of the temperature range for 'BeingWarm' may vary somewhat from that, depending on the Person evaluating the warmth. An Object in the state of 'BeingWarm' will have the Attribute 'Warm' (as evaluated by some Person). `Earlier gloss: 'WarmTemperature'' is a ''TemperatureSituation'' in which the air temperature is above 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27.5 deg C) but not above 90 degees Fahrenheit (at which point it would be 'hot') For a numerical measure of warmth, use 'TemperatureMeasure'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'warmth' in WordNet: 3. (1) warmth, warmness - (the quality of having a moderate degree of heat; 'an agreeable warmth in the house')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Warm^c
Sub-classes	PersonalWarmth^c

BeingWatched^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingWatched`
Description	''BeingWatched'' is a state in which something is being watched (monitored') by some agent, which could be an automaton.
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Monitoring^c impliesAgentAttribute^op value Watched^c
Sub-classes	BeingUnderSurveillance^c

BeingWelcome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingWelcome`
Description	'BeingWelcome' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which a person's presence (An instance of Event) is 'Welcome' to another person. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'welcome' in WordNet: 1. (1) welcome - (the state of being welcome; 'don't outstay your welcome')`
Super-classes	SocialState^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Welcome^c

BeingWet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingWet`
Description	''BeingWet'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which some physical object has the attribute ''Wet''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wetness' in WordNet: 1. (1) wetness - (the condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water); 'he confirmed the wetness of the swimming trunks')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Wet^c

BeingaMemberOfaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingaMemberOfaGroup`
Description	''BeingaMemberOfaGroup'' is the PersistentState of being a Person who is one of a ''GroupOfPeople'' with some definable characteristics. This has many possible subtypes, only a few of which are yet represented here. enrolled in some educational institution;
Super-classes	BeingInaRole^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Member^c
Sub-classes	Citizenship^c SocialRank^c BeingaStudent^c

BeingaMonarch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingaMonarch`
Description	'A 'BeingaMonarch'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) of a Person who holds the position of ''Monarch-HeadOfState'' `No WN sense for this type. The closest in RHW seems to be sense 2 of 'monarchy': 2. supreme power or sovereignty held by a single person.`
Super-classes	SuperiorStatus^c EmploymentPosition^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Monarch-HeadOfState^c holdsInTimeInterval^op value Reign^c
Sub-classes	Kingship^c

BeingaStudent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeingaStudent`
Description	The PersistentState of being enrolled in some educational institution; 'he is studying at Harvard'. This is a subtype of 'AttemptingActivity' because the person who is enrolled is attempting to achieve some credential by passing the course of study; usually attempting to get a diploma or degree, or at least some credits, or attempting to learn something. `This differs from the parent ''Studying'' in that the studying is done in amore formal setting than just learning on one's own - there ust be a agent (school or tutor or coach) that 'teaches' the student. Corresponds to verb 2 of 'study' in WordNet; a different sense, to study some topic, not just be a student, is represented by the type 'Studying'. in WordNet: 2. (18) study - (be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning)`
Super-classes	BeingaMemberOfaGroup^c AttemptingActivity^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Student^c requiresResource^op value Teacher^c typicallyOccursAt^op only School^c mayCause^op value Studying^c hasSubEvent^op value Learning^c
Sub-classes	GoingToSchool^c TakingaCourse^c

Beleaguered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beleaguered

Description

''Beleaguered'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who has experienced a repeated ''AnnoyingEvent'' sufficient to cause that person to feel some psychological pressure to do something.

       This is *not* the military siege sense.  See ''"Siege''.

       No adj sense in WN for 'Beleaguered'.

Super-classes Annoyed^c

Beleaguering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beleaguering`
Description	''Beleaguering' is a repreated AnnoyingEvent in which one Person is sufficienty annoyed by the repetition so that that Person feels ''Beleagurered'', i.e. feels a psychological pressure to do something.
Super-classes	AnnoyingEvent^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Beleaguered^c hadAffectedAgent^op some Person^c

Belgian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belgian

Description

''German'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Germany'' or a ''GermanPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Belgian' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) Belgian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Belgium 
               or the Belgian people; 'the Belgian Queen')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

BelgianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BelgianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Belgian' in WordNet: 1. Belgian - (a native or inhabitant of Belgium)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belgium^c

Belief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belief`
Description	A Belief is a Proposition that an IntelligentAgent considers to be so likely to be true that there is no value in doubting it, and no good reason to act as though it might be false. The degree of certainty which people attach to various statements of fact varies on a continuous scale, and it is probably not possible to distinguish some opinions that a person has some doubt about from what they 'believe'. Also, people may say they 'believe' one thing, but act as though they don't consider it true. For the state of believing something, rather than the content of the belief, use '''Believing''' One function of representing a Belief (as contrasted with an assertion that a person may make) is to allow representing a Lie (an assertion contrary to an Agent's belief), and to provide one componenent of motivation for an Agent to act. NOTE that although a Belief, like other MentalObjects, may have a location that is the sum of all physical representations, it must have had at least one active believer to be a Belief. That Believer may be a DeadPerson. The detailed axiomatization of 'belief' is postponed until COSMO is converted to FOL and some task that requires details of belief is at hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'belief' in WordNet: 1. (19) belief - (any cognitive content held as true)
Super-classes	Opinion^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Opinion^c hasBeliever^op only (IntelligentAgent^c or PersonType^c or FictionalCharacter^c or GroupType^c or Group^c) isMoreIntenseThan^op value Notion^c
Sub-classes	Judgment^c Oralism^c PersonalPhilosopy^c PrevailingOpinion^c Manualism^c ReligiousOrMoralBelief^c ErroneousBelief^c Expectation^c BeliefSystem^c Superstition^c Knowledge^c Individualism^c Principle^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuddhaIsTheTeacher http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharmsCauseLuck http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePopeIsGodsRepresentative http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MohammedIsGodsProphet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JesusChristIsGod http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfKnowledgeIsGood http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GodMayOrMayNotExist http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AllReligionsAreWorthy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MartinLutherWasRight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalObjectsHaveSouls http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThereIsOnlyOneGod http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThereAreManyGods http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePopeIsNotGodsRepresentative http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JainsShouldFollowTheTeachingsOfTheTirthankaras http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeShouldBeSimple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiritsSurviveDeath http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GodDoesNotExist http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AncestorsShouldBeWorshiped http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManagementByPresbytersIsBest

BeliefGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeliefGroup`
Description	A BeliefGroup is a group of people, not considered as an Organization in COSMO. It may actually lie somewhere between an Organization and just a group of people. A ReligiousOrganization will typically have as members a BeliefGroup, but a Beliefgroup does not have to be religious (think of UFO believers). It is not necessarily ideological, (people who belive in UFO's are not in COSMO considered as ideologues) so that parent from Cyc has been removed. `In Cyc called 'BeliefSystemFocusGroup': Cyc: The class of organizations which have as their focus some element of #$BeliefSystems. A sample element of #$BeliefSystemFocusGroup is #$KuKluxKlan. SUMO: A GroupOfPeople whose members share a belief or set of beliefs.`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c
Sub-classes	Cult^c ReligiousGroup^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agnostics Buddhism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scientologists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atheists

BeliefSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeliefSystem`
Description	A Group of (more or less) related Beliefs held in the mind of some IntelligentAgent. The beliefs may be only loosely if at all connected to each other, so it is not a 'System' in the formal sense used in COSMO. This is also classified as a ''Theory'' in that the components of a ''BeliefSystem'' are at least intuitively expected by the believer to fit together coherently, even if the believer has no training in formal logic. This means that a ''Theory'' may be internally inconsistent - it is not a formal mathematical theory. The individual Beliefs in a BeliefSstem do not have to be logically consistent. If the Beliefs actually fit together logically, that might make a 'CoherentBeliefSystem', but at this point (v 0.50) there is no need for such a concept. An Ontology may be a BeliefSystem under some circumstances (see 'Ontology'). A BeliefSystem is a subtype of Belief - a group of Propositions is also a Proposition. Cyc: A specialization of #$AspatialInformationStore. Each instance of #$BeliefSystem is an ideology (systems of belief) in terms of which an agent characterizes (i.e., makes sense of) the world. Instances of #$BeliefSystem include: #$VegetarianBeliefs, #$GermanNaziIdeology, #$RepublicanPartyIdeology, #$CommunistIdeology, #$PacifistIdeology, #$Atheism, etc. See also #$ClassificationSystem.
Super-classes	MentalObjectGroup^c InformationStore^c Belief^c Theory^c MentalObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (IntelligentAgent^c or PersonType^c or FictionalCharacter^c or GroupType^c or Group^c or Belief^c or BeliefType^c) wasCreatedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownAgent3^c hasBeliever^op only (IntelligentAgent^c or PersonType^c or FictionalCharacter^c or GroupType^c or Group^c or Belief^c or BeliefType^c)
Sub-classes	Superstition^c PersonalPhilosopy^c PhilosophicalSchool^c Feminism^c Pseudoscience^c Ideology^c ReligiousBeliefs^c PrevailingOpinion^c Credo^c
Members	Anarchism

BeliefType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeliefType`
Description	''BeliefType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Subtypes of ''notion, including ''BeliefSystem''s and an argument restriction for various relations on Beliefs or BeliefSystem types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	ContextType^c PropositionType^c
Members	Fanaticism Feminism ReligiousBeliefs Religion Bigotry PhilosophicalTheory Stereotype Animism Notion PersonalPhilosopy AtheismGeneric Guess Conservatism Chimera ReligiousDoctrine UnfavorableOpinion Sexism PrimalIndigenousReligion Pseudoscience OpposingAbortion Racism Monotheism Liberalism OrganizedReligion Anarchism Credo Relativism Individualism Realism Pluralism Multiculturalism Tenet PoliticalIdeologicalBelief PoliticalIdeology Astrology Belief Extremism Intolerance Self-Concept Humanitarianism Zen Fundamentalism Fascism TotalitarianIdeology Shamanism AntiSemitism Idealism Semiotics Libertarianism Interpretation Paganism Ideal PhilosophicalSchool Elitism Teachings ChineseTraditionalReligion Theism OpposingWar YinAndYang Federalism PublicOpinion Traditionalism PrevailingOpinion Egalitarianism Fallacy Ideology Superstition ContestingSomething Opinion BeliefSystem IntuitiveThought NaiveRealism

Believer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Believer`
Description	Any person who believes some Proposition. This is used mainly for people who believe specific philiosophical or religious or ideological views, or believe in the good qualities of some Person. The restriction requires that the proposition believed be specified. `NOTE: a ''Believer'' of some ''PhilsophicalSchool'' (including religions) that originated with a specific Person is represented by the subtype ''Adherent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'believer' in WordNet: 1. (1) believer, truster - (a supporter who accepts something as true)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	believes^op some (Proposition^c or PropositionType^c)
Sub-classes	Apostle^c Adherent^c ReligiousPerson^c LibertarianPerson^c Racist^c AntiSemite^c

Believing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Believing`
Description	A ''Believing'' is a stative Event (an Event in which some property stays constant - often called a 'state'), during which some 'IntentionalAgent' believes some proposition. ''Believing'' is a form of 'ThinkingAboutSomething' in which a Person considers some ''Belief'' (a ''Proposition'') to be true. For a very weak form of ''Believing'' use ''SuspectingSomething''. A Peron may believe something with little or no evidence, but this is distinguished from ''SuspectingSomething'' in the strength with which a Person holds the ''Belief'' and is reluctant to give it up. To relate an agent to a Belief,use relation ''believes''. The necessary components of each instance of ''Believing'' are an individual 'IntentionalAgent' and a ''Belief'' (which is a subtype of Proposition). Each ''Believing'' occurs as a result of some Event which is a Judging or an Evaluating. NOTE that a ''Believing'' can involve a weak belief, such as an Expectation. It is not necessary for someone to be actively thinking about something in order to 'believe' it. Therefore a ''Believing'' is not a subtype of 'Thinking' which is conscious and intentional. NOTE also that although a Belief is the result of some process of Judging or Evaluating, the process does not have to be rational or fact-based, it may be a leap of faith from some very weak evidence. As an Event, a ''Believing'' has a specific beginning and ending time. But if one asserts that an Agent believes something, one may not know when that belief began and when it will end, and it is not necessary to specify the beginning and ending time to create an instance of ''Believing''. It may be preferable to define and use a BeliefProcess rather (a FunctionalProcess) than a ''Believing'' (an event) but as of version 0.52 such a FunctionalProcess has not been represented in COSMO. NOTE that the sense of 'belief' being the state of believing is not represented in Wordnet, but this type includes that sense. That sense is represented by RHW senses 2 and 3 of 'belief': 2. confidence in the truth or existence of something not immediately susceptible to rigorous proof: a statement unworthy of belief. 3. confidence; faith; trust: a child's belief in his parents. This sense includes three of the WordNet verb senses - 1, 2, and 4, of 'believe'; the third sense is represented in COSMO as 'ExpectingSomething'; it also includes verb sense 1 of 'think' (same as sense 2 of 'believe' in WordNet: 1. (119) believe - (accept as true; take to be true; 'I believed his report'; 'We didn't believe his stories from the War'; 'She believes in spirits') 2. (72) think, believe, consider, conceive - (judge or regard; look upon; judge; 'I think he is very smart'; 'I believe her to be very smart'; 'I think that he is her boyfriend'; 'The racist conceives such people to be inferior') 3. (37) believe, trust - (be confident about something; 'I believe that he will come back from the war')
Super-classes	HavingAnOpinion^c ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Belief^c containedExperience^op some Belief^c wasCausedBy^op some (Evaluating^c or Judging^c)
Sub-classes	ConsideringToBe^c BelievingSomething^c OpposingWar^c Trust^c HavingaTask^c ErroneousBelieving^c Intuiting^c FeelingOfConfidence^c BelievingaReligiousDoctrine^c ExpectingSomething^c OpposingAbortion^c KnowingSomething^c
In range of	causedToBelieve^op

BelievingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BelievingSomething`
Description	'''BelievingSomething'' is a subtype of ''Believing'' being an instance of''TransitiveEventType'' that takes a DirectObject for the Proposition or Assertion believed.
Super-classes	Believing^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some (Proposition^c or PropositionType^c)

BelievingaReligiousDoctrine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BelievingaReligiousDoctrine`
Description	''BelievingaReligiousDoctrine'' is a ''BelievingSomething'' in which the thing believed is some ''ReligiousDoctrine'' or some ''ReligiousBeliefs''.
Super-classes	Believing^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op only (ReligiousDoctrine^c or ReligiousBeliefs^c)

Bell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bell`
Description	A Device that produces a distinctive 'ring' when struck; the striking element may be part of the bell, or be external. This includes Devices that produce multiple 'ding' sounds from being struck repeatedly, as in the bell on a telephone, or the alarm bell in a building. SUMO: A PercussionInstrument which is made of Metal and which produces a single tone when it is struck. COSMO note: this includes all types and sizes of bells, including large church bells, those used in an orchestra, and small round bells with balls inside, used to make a jingling sound when moved, as in 'to bell the cat'. This includes the bells that can be struck or vibrated electronically, but does not include buzzers or other 'bells' that are not made of metal and do not produce sound by striking. NOTE that in French, some different subtypes have different labels, even though in English they are all called 'bell'. cloche (of a church) clochette (on a cow) sonnette (of a door) grelot (on a sleigh) timbre (on a desk) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bell' in WordNet: 1. (9) bell - (a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck)
Super-classes	PercussionInstrument^c
Sub-classes	LargeBell^c

Belligerence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belligerence

Description

CYC: Hostility. Aggressive and unfriendly attitude or disposition. Enmity. Ill will; positive hatred

      NOTE: CYC includes 'hatred' in the gloss and 'feeling' as a parent type.
         this type is not a feeling, it is a trait.

       RHW: 1. a warlike or aggressively hostile nature, condition, or attitude.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'belligerence' in WordNet:
         2. disagreeableness - (an ill-tempered and offensive disposition)

Super-classes Disagreeableness^c

Bellowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bellowing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bellow' in WordNet: 1. (10) bawl, bellow - (shout loudly and without restraint)`
Super-classes	Shouting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c

Belly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belly`
Description	A 'Belly' is the part of an vertebrate's 'Torso' that includes and surrounds the 'Stomach'. Also called the 'abdomen'. `Probely would be clearer to use the 'abdomen' label. e.g. RHW entry 'abdomen': a. the part of the body of a mammal between the thorax and the pelvis; belly. b. the cavity of this part of the body containing the stomach, intestines, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'belly and sense 2 of 'stomach' and sense 1 of 'abdomen' in WordNet: 2. (5) abdomen, venter, stomach, belly - (the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Torso^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Vertebrate^c

Belongings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belongings`
Description	''Belongings'' are the Group of ''PersonalPossession''s owned by one person or a married couple, kept at one location, usually the primary Residence. This is the stuff that is moved when a Family changes residence. `NOTE: this is specialized for a Person's stuff kept in one location,and the more generic 'property' can be represented by the parent''Property''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'belongings' (for PhysicalObjects only, and located in one building) in WordNet: 1. (2) property, belongings, holding, material possession - (something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone; 'that hat is my property'; 'he is a man of property';)`
Super-classes	Property^c Group^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PersonalPossession^c isOwnedBy^op some (Person^c or Family-Human^c)

Belt-Clothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belt-Clothing`
Description	CYC: The collection of all belts, the article of clothing used to hold up pants and skirts, and for decoration. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'belt' in WordNet. in Wordnet: 2. (4) belt - (a band to tie or buckle around the body (usually at the waist))`
Super-classes	ClothingAcessoryBand^c RibbonlikeObject^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value HoldingUpPants^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Waist^c

Belt-Mechanical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belt-Mechanical`
Description	Closed loop of material used to transfer rotational energy; it is a MechanicalComponent intended to serve as part of a mechanism, like belts in a car or chains on bicycles or motorcycles. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'belt' in WordNet: 1. (4) belt - (endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys)`
Super-classes	Coupler^c ClosedLoopObject^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c FlexibleObject^c MechanicalComponent^c
Sub-classes	ConveyorBelt^c VehicleTrack^c

BeltBuckle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeltBuckle`
Description	A Fastener that hold the two ends of a Belt-Clothing together. There are several designs, and all are included in this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buckle' in Wordnet: 1. (2) buckle - (fastener that fastens together two ends of a belt or strap; often has loose prong)`
Super-classes	SomethingToWearPart^c Fastener^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Belt-Clothing^c

Bemusing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bemusing

Description

''Bemusing'' is an 'UpsettingEvent' that includes a

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bemuse' in WordNet:
        1. bewilder, bemuse, discombobulate, throw - (cause to be confused emotionally)

Super-classes Action^c
UpsettingEvent^c

Bench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bench`
Description	A ''Bench'' is a ''SeatingDevice'' that is designed to support more than one person, with no maximum specified,but unlike a ''Sofa'', it is not upholstered, though it may have a cushion on top. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bench' in WordNet: 1. (12) bench - (a long seat for more than one person)`
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c SeatingDevice^c Person-SupportingFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	supports^op min 2 isDesignedToSupport^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c
Sub-classes	Pew^c WindowSeat^c

Benchmark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benchmark`
Description	A ''Benchmark'' is a ''StandardSpec'' that is considered as a criterion for good performance in some task. This differs from a ''Baseline'' in that the ''Baseline'' sets a minimum criterion for acceptability, whereas a performance below a ''Benchmark'' may be acceptable, but can be recognized as less than the best possible. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benchmark' in WordNet: 1. benchmark - (a standard by which something can be measured or judged; 'his painting sets the benchmark of quality')`
Super-classes	StandardSpec^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op some Evaluating^c

Bendable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bendable`
Description	A physical attribute. #$Bendable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of an object that tends to stay in the contorted shape when contorted. Note: for something to be bendable, it must be #$Flexible. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bendable' in WordNet: 1. bendable, pliable, pliant - (capable of being bent or flexed or twisted without breaking; 'a flexible wire'; 'a pliant young tree')`
Super-classes	Flexible^c
Sub-classes	Collapsible^c Foldable^c

BendableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BendableObject`
Description	An Object that is bendable.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bendable^c
Sub-classes	LeatherObject^c

Bending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bending`
Description	COSMO note: A ShapeChange in which an elongated object (or some part of one) goes from a relatively straight shape to a curved or angled shape. The bending process may be reversible if it is caused by a stress that is removed, or is performed by or on a flexible Object.. This includes a person bending over from the waist, as the subtype 'BendingOver'. See also ''Hinge'' for flexible objects that bend as part of their design function. Cyc: A process of straining a material uniformly along a straight axis. NOTE: The WN gloss says this is done with a ''plastic' object, but thi type includes any object that can chaneg shape by bending, including hinged objects whose individual parts are rigid. Includes transitive verb sense 3 and noun sense 2 of 'bend', and (as a subtype) part of verb sense 4 of 'bend' in WordNet (the simple act of bending forward from the waist - crouching is more complex): in WordNet: 3. (5) flex, bend, deform, twist, turn - (cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form; 'bend the rod'; 'twist the dough into a braid'; 'the strong man could turn an iron bar')
Super-classes	DeformingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Twisting^c TurningOnaHinge^c Compacting^c BendingOver^c

BendingOver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BendingOver`
Description	A voluntary action of an Animal. This is the act of going from a (relatively) uprigtposition to a 'bent over' position. Being in the resultingposition is represented by ''BendingOverState''. `'Crouching' is usually sense 2 of 'crouch', more like a squat - but it is included here (rev1273) until more differentiation is needed. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'bend' in WordNet: 4. (3) crouch, stoop, bend, bow - (bend one's back forward from the waist on down; 'he crouched down'; 'She bowed before the Queen'; 'The young man stooped to pick up the girl's purse')`
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c Bending^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value BendingOverState^c

BendingOverState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BendingOverState`
Description	A ''BendingOverState'' is a ''BodyPositionEvent'' in which a ''Person'' is bent over,with the legs reatively upright and the torso near to horizontal, with the head at or below the level of the torso. If the knees are bent more than 40 degrees, it would be a 'crouch'. The position does not have to be static to continue in this state, but if the position changes to 'standing' for any length of time, the ''BendingOverState'' is interrupted, and may be resumed. `This is the position that is often required for harvesting crops that grow close to the ground or otherwise tending plants, as in a ''Garden''.. Maintaining this position can be tiring, and stressful on the back.`
Super-classes	PerceivableHumanAction^c BodyPositionEvent^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value BendingOver^c

Benefactor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benefactor`
Description	A ''Benefactor''is a ''Helper'' who helps another agent out of some form of kindness, rather than as a paid task or for personal gain. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benefactor' in WordNet: 1. benefactor, helper - (a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help))`
Super-classes	Helper^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ProvidingMonetarySupport^c
Sub-classes	Provider^c Donor^c

Beneficial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beneficial`
Description	'Beneficial'' is an attribute of situations, or events or Actions that can at least potentially improve the financial or physical or emotional well being of some Agent. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beneficial' in Wordnet: 1. (6) beneficial, good - (promoting or enhancing well-being; 'an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries'; 'the beneficial effects of a temperate climate'; 'the experience was good for her')`
Super-classes	Good^c EvaluativeAttribute^c Useful^c Salient^c
Sub-classes	Thriving^c Profitable^c Qualifying^c Swollen^c Favorable^c Advantageous^c Wholesome^c Helpful^c

Beneficiary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beneficiary`
Description	A ''Beneficiary'' is an ''Acquirer'' of something ''Good''. The Thing acquired can be of any type. The subtypes ''MedicalPatient'' and ''Customer'' are ''Beneficiary''s of some ''ServiceEvent'', which is presumably a ''GoodThing'' for them, as those Roles are typically voluntary. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'beneficiary' in WordNet so 'donee' is broken out as a subtype. (sense 2 is for grammatical relations, but that is also a ''Role'' relevant as part of the meaning): in WordNet: 1. (2) beneficiary, donee - (the recipient of funds or other benefits) 2. benefactive role, beneficiary - (the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause)
Super-classes	Acquirer^c
Restrictions	isTheRecipientOf^op some GoodThing^c
Sub-classes	Trainee^c Donee^c MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient^c Customer^c Heir^c

Benefit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benefit`
Description	Very generally, a ''Benefit'' is any Event (including states) that can be helpful to an Organism or other agent (including groups or organizations of agents). This can include a benefit to groups of plants, as the plants in an ecosystem. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'benefit' in WordNet: 2. (16) benefit, welfare - (something that aids or promotes well-being; 'for the common good')`
Super-classes	Event^c GoodThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Helpful^c
Sub-classes	Sake^c

Benefiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benefiting`
Description	'Benefiting' is a broad category of Events in which some agent or Action gains a benefit (something good) as a result of an Event, which is often but not necessarily the action of another agent. `NOTE: this includes transitive sense 'helping something' and intransitive sense 'gaining benefit from'. These should be distinguished. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'benefit' in Wordnet, and is the passive sense of sense 1, which inverts the subject and object: in WordNet: 1. (15) profit, gain, benefit - (derive a benefit from; 'She profited from his vast experience') 2. (8) benefit, do good - (be beneficial for; 'This will do you good')`
Super-classes	GoodThing^c Event^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op only (Action^c or ActionType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or AgentType^c or GenericAgent^c or Campaign^c) hasTheReverseEffectOf^op value HarmingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	SponsoringaPerson^c HelpingaBride^c GuardingaChild^c PossibleFutureBenefit^c BetrayingAnAgent^c Acceptance^c InheritingProperty^c ProtectingaPersonPassively^c GuardingProperty^c SupportingaCauseOrParty^c ExemptingFromAnObligation^c VeterinaryCareEvent^c GuaranteeingSomething^c CapitalizingOnSomething^c ProtectingaPerson^c ProvidingMaterialSupport^c MakingAnAgreement^c GoodDeed^c HelpingAnAgent^c Patronage^c

Benevolence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benevolence`
Description	The more intensive subtype of ''Kindness'' that disposes a person to perform acts helpful to others. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'benevolence' in WordNet: 1. benevolence - (disposition to do good) 2. benevolence - (an inclination to do kind or charitable acts)`
Super-classes	Kindness^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Kind^c disposesToAction^op value ActOfKindness^c isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Benevolent^c
Sub-classes	Charity^c

Benevolent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benevolent`
Description	`Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'benevolent' in Wordnet: 1. benevolent - (intending or showing kindness; 'a benevolent society') 2. charitable, benevolent, kindly, sympathetic, good-hearted, openhearted, large-hearted - (showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity; 'was charitable in his opinions of others'; 'kindly criticism'; 'a kindly act'; 'sympathetic words'; 'a large-hearted mentor')`
Super-classes	Kind-Hearted^c
Sub-classes	Paternalistic^c Philanthropic^c Humane^c

Benign^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benign

Description

''Benign'' when used in a medical context as a characterization of disease means that the disease is not as aggressive and deadly as the worst forms of that disease. It is 'harmless' only in a relative sense.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'benign' in Wordnet:
         1. benign - (not dangerous to health; not recurrent or progressive (especially of a tumor))

Super-classes Harmless^c

Bent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bent`
Description	having at least one curve, caused by a ''Bending'' Event.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bent' in WordNet: 1. (4) bent - (altered from an originally straight condition; 'a bent wire')`
Super-classes	Crooked^c
Sub-classes	Twisted^c

Benzene^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benzene

Description

The simplest 'aromatic compound', one six-membered ring with no attached atoms.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benzene' in WordNet:
         1. (1) benzene, benzine, benzol - 
            (a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; 
            the simplest of the aromatic compounds)

Super-classes Hydrocarbon^c
AromaticCompound^c
Petrochemical^c

BenzoicAcid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BenzoicAcid

Description

CYC: The collection of samples of benzoic acid; HC7H5O2.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benzoic acid' in WordNet:
         1. benzoic acid - (a white crystalline solid occurring in many resins)

Super-classes AromaticCompound^c
OrganicAcid^c

BenzoylPeroxide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BenzoylPeroxide

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benzoyl peroxide' in WordNet:
           1. benzoyl peroxide - (a white crystalline peroxide used in bleaching
             (flour or oils or fats) and as a catalyst for free radical reactions)

Super-classes Antibiotic^c
Peroxide^c

Bequeather^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bequeather`
Description	A '' is the person who gives a posthumous gift to another ''LegalAgent'' by means of inheritance. The ''LegalAgent'' performing this act is the subject Agent of ''Bequeathing'' The recipient ''LegalAgent'' becomes (one of or sole) ''Heir'' to the bequeathed property. `See ''Bequeathing''.`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c Giver^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Bequeathing^c

Bequeathing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bequeathing`
Description	A 'Bequeathing'' is a ''GivingaGift'' by implementation of a 'last will and testament'. This action takes place only after the death of the bequeather. `The action of executing a last will while still alive must precede this, but is not yet (rev1385) represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bequeath' in WordNet: 1. bequeath, will, leave - (leave or give by will after one's death; 'My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry'; 'My grandfather left me his entire estate')`
Super-classes	GivingaGift^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Bequeather^c causes^op value InheritingProperty^c typicallyFollows^op value DeathOfaPerson^c hadThingTransferred^op value Inheritance^c

Beret^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beret`
Description	A ''Beret'' is a soft and stylish type of ''Cap''. `CYC: Soft, crushable hats usually made of felt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beret' in WordNet: 1. beret - (a cap with no brim or bill; made of soft cloth)`
Super-classes	Cap^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c

Berkelium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Berkelium

Description

CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Berkelium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'berkelium' in WordNet:
          1. berkelium, Bk, atomic number 97 - 
              (a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding 
              americium with helium)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
RadioactiveSubstance^c

Berry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Berry`
Description	A small, usually stoneless, juicy fruit, irrespective of botanical structure, such as the huckleberry, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, or hackberry. This type does not have a hard ''Shell'' covering, nor a hard ''Pit'' that is difficult or unpleasant to eat. Each ''Berry''can usually be eaten in one bite (though one can 'make two bites of a cherry'). `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'berry' in WordNet: 1. (3) berry - (any of numerous small and pulpy edible fruits; used as desserts or in making jams and jellies and preserves) 2. berry - (a small fruit having any of various structures, e.g., simple (grape or blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry or raspberry))`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Fruit^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value Pit^c doesNotHavePart^op value Shell^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Juicy^c
Sub-classes	Currant^c Cranberry^c Blueberry^c Raspberry^c Blackberry^c Strawberry^c

Berth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Berth`
Description	A ''Bed'' that is built into a compartment or a tier of beds - e.g. a bed against the wall of a train. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'berth' in Wordnet: 3. berth, bunk, built in bed - (a bed on a ship or train; usually in tiers)`
Super-classes	Bed^c
Restrictions	isNormallyLocatedAt^op value ShipOrTrain^c

Beryl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beryl`
Description	A #$Beryllium and aluminum silicate #$Mineral from which the #$Gems #$Emerald-Gem and #$Aquamarine-Gem are derived. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beryl' in WordNet: 1. beryl - (the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Sub-classes	EmeraldStuff^c

Beryllium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beryllium

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of beryllium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beryllium' in WordNet:
          1. (1) beryllium, Be, glucinium, atomic number 4 - 
             (a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Beseeching^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beseeching

Description

   "O Oysters, come and walk with us!"
   The Walrus did beseech.
   (From :" The Walrus and the Carpenter "  By Lewis Carroll)

       'conjure' is used frequently in other senses. Leave out of this for now to avoid
       confusion.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beseech' in WordNet:
         1. (2) bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, press, conjure - 
            (ask for or request earnestly; 'The prophet bid all people to become good persons')

Super-classes Pleading^c

Besieged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Besieged

Description

''Besieged'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who has experienced or is experiencing a ''Siege''.

      NOTE: the adj 'beleaguered' is notinWN.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'besieged' in WordNet:
         1. besieged - (surrounded by hostile forces; 'the besieged town')

Super-classes Annoyed^c

Bespoke^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bespoke

Description

      NOTE: this is the only synset in WN that has thissense of 'tailored' in it
        though 'tailored' might be less specific than 'bespoke'.  Needs
        review, possible distinction?? @ToDo.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bespoke' in Wordnet:
           1. bespoke, bespoken, made-to-order, tailored, tailor-made - (of clothing)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Best^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Best`
Description	''Best'' is a 'GoodnessValue' that specifies that the thing characterized has the most'goodness' of all in the Group of reference. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'best' in Wordnet: 1. (95) best - ((superlative of 'good') having the most positive qualities; 'the best film of the year'; 'the best solution'; 'the best time for planting'; 'wore his best suit')`
Super-classes	Better^c
Sub-classes	All-American^c Elite^c

Best-known^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Best-known

Description

''Best-known'' is an attribute of things that are more ''Well-known'', than all others.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'best-known' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) best-known - (most familiar or renowned; 'Stevenson's best-known work is probably 
                 'Treasure Island'')

Super-classes Well-known^c

Best-selling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Best-selling`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'best-selling' in Wordnet: 1. (1) best-selling - (selling in great numbers; 'a best-selling novel')`
Super-classes	Popular^c

BestSeller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BestSeller`
Description	A ''BestSeller'' is a ''TradeBook'' for which the number of physical copies have been sold during some interval of time (usually a Week) is more than others in the same category, among some list of book sales recorded by some Organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'best seller' in WordNet: 1. (2) best seller, bestseller - (a book that has had a large and rapid sale)`
Super-classes	TradeBook^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op only RetailSale^c

Bestiality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bestiality`
Description	An instance of #$SexualBehaviorType and a specialization of #$ParaphilicSexualBehavior. Each instance of #$Bestiality is an instance of #$SexualBehavior involving a #$Person and a #$NonPersonAnimal. #$Persons who compulsively engage (or are tempted to engage) in instances of #$Bestiality are said to be afflicted with #$Zoophilia (q.v.). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bestiality' in WordNet: 2. bestiality, zooerastia, zooerasty - (sexual activity between a person and an animal)`
Super-classes	Paraphilia^c SexualCopulation^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some PersonAndAnimal^c

BetTaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetTaker`
Description	A ''BetTaker'' is a Person who accepts a ''Wager'' that is offered. " I'll bet $100 that the Yankees win the series. Any takers? " `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'taker' in WordNet: 2. taker - (one who takes a bet or wager)`
Super-classes	Taker^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value Gambling^c

Beta^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beta

Description

''Beta'' is an AttributeValue used as a metaphorical subattribute of 'second' and also used to mean 'occurring after the first' (second in temporal order). These senses may be distinguishable, if compound terms like 'alpha version' are not explicitly represented.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'beta' in Wordnet:
         1. beta - (second in order of importance; 'the candidate, considered a beta male, 
             was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory')
         2. beta - (preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; 
             'a beta version'; 'beta software')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

BetaBlocker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetaBlocker`
Description	A drug substance that interferes with the transmission of sympathetic nervous inhibiting stimuli at the adrenergic beta receptors . Each #$BetaBlocker is a #$CardiovascularAgent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beta blocker' in WordNet: 1. beta blocker, beta-adrenergic blocker, beta-adrenergic blocking agent - (any of various drugs used in treating hypertension or arrhythmia; decreases force and rate of heart contractions by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors of the autonomic nervous system)`
Super-classes	Blocker^c Antihypertensive^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Hypertension^c

BetaLactam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetaLactam`
Description	An OrganicChemical that has a four-membered ring which includes an amide bond. Some subtypes of this Type (''Penicillin'', ''Amoxycillin'') are widely used and valuable antibacterial agents (antibiotics) used in modern medicine.
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Penicillin^c

BetaRadiation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetaRadiation`
Description	''BetaRadiation'' is an ''IonizingRadiation''in which ''BetaRay''s pass through some region of space or PhysicalObject.. `This is a group of ''BetaRay''s considered as an Event (a phenomenon). For a single electron in such radiation, use ''BetaRay''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (for one electron) of 'beta ray' in WordNet: 1. beta radiation, beta ray, electron radiation - (radiation of beta particles during radioactive decay)`
Super-classes	IonizingRadiation^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value BetaRay^c

BetaRay^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetaRay

Description

An electron emitted from a radioactive material. In essence, this is a ''Role'' played by an ''Electron'' when emitted as a particle in nuclear decay.

      This is one electron. For a group of ''BetaRay''s cosidered as an Event (a phenomenon)
        , use ''BetaRadiation''.

      Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (for one electron) of 'beta ray' in WordNet:
        1. beta radiation, beta ray, electron radiation - (radiation of beta particles during radioactive decay)

Super-classes Electron^c
Role^c

Betrayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Betrayer`
Description	A ''Betrayer'' takes advantage of the trust of another Agent to do something harmful to that agent. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'betrayer' in WordNet: 2. double-crosser, double-dealer, two-timer, betrayer, traitor - (a person who says one thing and does another)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value BetrayingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Traitor^c

BetrayingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetrayingAnAgent`
Description	''BetrayingAnAgent'' is a ''VictimizingAnAgent'' in which the betraying is not merely ''Unjust'' (which could be done to an agent one has no prior contact with); but involved 'treachery', which is violation of a trust that the Victim had in the betrayer, and which the betrayer encouraged, and which harms the Victim by ''Benefiting'' (giving some advantage to) either the Agent performing the ''BetrayingAnAgent'' (i.e. betraying for his/her own benefit, by which the performing agent becomes an ''Enemy'') or to some other ''Enemy'' of the Victim. `@ToDo: this is a complex concept and needs more detail to properly represent all the facets. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'betray' in WordNet: 2. (3) betray, sell - (deliver to an enemy by treachery; 'Judas sold Jesus'; 'The spy betrayed his country') WN verb 'sell out': 2. (1) sell out - (give information that compromises others) WN noun 'betrayal': 1. (2) treachery, betrayal, treason, perfidy - (an act of deliberate betrayal)`
Super-classes	Benefiting^c BetrayingaTrust^c VictimizingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Treacherous^c hadBeneficiary^op some (Enemy^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	Treason^c

BetrayingaTrust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetrayingaTrust`
Description	''BetrayingaTrust'' is a ''WrongingSomeone'' where the agent(s) wronged trusted and depended on the betrayer to perform or refrain from some Action. This can disappoint and possibly but not necessarily harm the one betrayed. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'betray' in WordNet (this type only represents betrayal by a Person, not by senses or capabilities): in WordNet: 3. (2) fail, betray - (disappoint, prove undependable to; abandon, forsake; 'His sense of smell failed him this time'; 'His strength finally failed him'; 'His children failed him in the crisis')`
Super-classes	WrongingSomeone^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op some (TrustingAgent^c or AgentType^c) isPerformedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	BetrayingAnAgent^c

Betrothed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Betrothed`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'betrothed' in WordNet: 1. betrothed - (the person to whom you are engaged)`
Super-classes	Lover^c
Sub-classes	Fiancee^c Fiance^c

Better^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Better`
Description	Each 'Better' is a 'GoodnessValue' that specifies that the thing characterized has some property that is comparatatively greater than 'good' for that type of thing. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'better' in Wordnet: 1. (72) better - ((comparative of 'good') superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another; 'You're a better man than I am, Gunga Din'; 'a better coat'; 'a better type of car'; 'a suit with a better fit'; 'a better chance of success'; 'produced a better mousetrap'; 'she's better in math than in history')`
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Best^c

BettingOdds^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BettingOdds

Description

'BettingOdds' are a speciaized form of 'Probability' that is used in a context where one agent offers another a specific ratio of money in a bet on a particular outcome - commonly used in sports betting such as horse racing.

     Though used in a specific context, conceptually it is a form of Probability
     specified in a particular fashion (as a ratio) in some particular context.

     An 'BettingOdds' may not be calculated as other probabilities, since it may merely
     reflect the number of bets in each direction taken by a particular
     betting broker.  However, even with this origin, it may be viewed as
     the averaged estinates of the betors as to the Probability of the
     given context outcome.  Therefore it is represented here as a subtype of
     'Probability'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'odds'  in WordNet:
       2. odds, betting odds - (the ratio by which one better's wager 
         is greater than that of another; 'he offered odds of two to one')

Super-classes Probability^c

BetweenTwoObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetweenTwoObjects`
Description	''BetweenTwoObjects'' is a ''RelativeLocation'' that is directly between two ''PhysicalObject''s. This in-between location requires that the Thing in this location be on or close to the spatial line that connects the two objects that define the location. This in-between location can be anywhere between the two reference Objects.
Super-classes	Place^c RelativeLocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InterveningInSpace^c isBetween^op some PairOfObjects^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BetweenEarthAndTheSun

Beverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beverage`
Description	SUMO: Any Food that is ingested by Drinking. Note that this class is disjoint with the other subclasses of Food, i.e. Meat and FruitOrVegetable. NOTE: water without any significant included or added materials to change the flavor is not included. These are mixtures. It can be natural,like milk, or artifactual. Called 'Drink' in Cyc: Cyc; A specialization of both #$FoodOrDrink and #$LiquidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Drink is a portion of a liquid of a type that is ingestible and commonly consumed by humans or animals. Instances of #$Drink, unlike instances of #$Food (q.v.), are ingested by drinking without chewing. Since soup and applesauce are normally ''eaten'' by being placed in the mouth with a spoon, they are not considered to be drunk (although one can certainly drink either), and so are not specializations of this collection. Specializations of #$Drink include #$Water-Ingestible, #$Tea-Hot, #$HotChocolate, #$Lemonade, and #$Beer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beverage' and sense 3 of 'drink' in WordNet: 3. (3) beverage, drink, drinkable, potable - (any liquid suitable for drinking; 'may I take your beverage order?')
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c FoodOrDrink^c
Sub-classes	Milk^c Juice^c AlcoholicBeverage^c ChilledDrink^c NonAlcoholicBeverage^c CarbonatedBeverage^c

BeverageType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeverageType`
Description	'BeverageType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Beverage' and other entities..
Super-classes	LiquidSubstanceType^c MixtureType^c
Members	Liquor AlcoholicBeverage Beverage Tequila Martini Daiquiri PinaColada Tea SeltzerWater WineCooler DrinkMixer Wine Buttermilk Liqueur Sprite CocktailDrink CarbonatedBeverage MixedDrink Beer FruitDrink Milk CambricTea CocaCola MaltedMilk PepsiCola NonAlcoholicBeverage SparklingWine MilkShake Margarita SoftDrink SodaPop HotChocolate Alcohol500mgPerMl Coffee

Bewhiskered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bewhiskered

Description

This ''Bewhiskered'' is for a ''Person''; animals such as goats are not represented here, though the term 'bearded' can be used metaphorically for that. NOTE: a 'bearded iris' (or other ''Plant'') is represented by ''Bearded''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bearded' in Wordnet:
         1. (10) bearded, barbate, bewhiskered, whiskered, whiskery -
                  (having hair on the cheeks and chin)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Beyond-Adv^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beyond-Adv

Description

''Beyond'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies a quantitative expression to indicate that the thing referenced is larger or outside a range in some way (or not larger,if prefixed by 'not').

       For the preposition 'beyond' see ''beyond''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'beyond' in Wordnet:
         1. (10) beyond - (farther along in space or time or degree; 
           'through the valley and beyond'; 'to the eighth grade but not beyond';
           'will be influential in the 1990s and beyond')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Bias^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bias`
Description	A''Bias'' is an ''Attitude'' that predisposes a Person to believe some things for which there is little or even contradictory evidence. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bias' in WordNet: 1. (1) bias, prejudice, preconception - (a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation)`
Super-classes	Partiality^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tendency^c
Sub-classes	Sexism^c Intolerance^c Bigotry^c Racism^c

Biased^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biased`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'biased' in Wordnet: 1. biased, colored, coloured, one-sided, slanted - (favoring one person or side over another; 'a biased account of the trial'; 'a decision that was partial to the defendant')`
Super-classes	Partial^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Partiality^c
Sub-classes	Dogmatical^c

BiasingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiasingaPerson`
Description	''BiasingaPerson'' is a ''PrejudicingaPerson'' in which the ''Person'' affected becomes ''Biased'' (a more intense form of ''Partial''). `NOTE: this can also be used metaphorically for 'biasing' a result of an investigation or debate, but that sense should be represented by a separate concept. @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'bias' in WordNet: 2. bias, predetermine - (cause to be biased)`
Super-classes	PrejudicingaPerson^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Biased^c causes^op value Bias^c hadObjectModified^op value Person^c

Bib^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bib

Description

A ''ClothNapkin'' used on a child under the chin.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bib' in Wordnet:
           2. bib - (a napkin tied under the chin of a child while eating)

Super-classes ClothNapkin^c

Bible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bible`
Description	The ''Bible'' is the combined Hebrew Old testament ('Tanak') and Christian NewTestament. Other than the ''Gospel'' the individual parts are not yet (rev1553) represented separately. In WordNet the gloss is ambiguous, but is interpreted as meaning both texts combined. `The Hebrew Bible should be represented separately, and as a part of this. @ToDo: this might be better as an Instance, but there may be more than one version. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bible' in Wordnet: 1. (13) Bible, Christian Bible, Book, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture, Word of God, Word - (the sacred writings of the Christian religions; 'he went to carry the Word to the heathen')`
Super-classes	Scripture^c
Restrictions	isSacredTo^op value ChristianGroup^c isSacredTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christianity^c

Biblical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biblical

Description

''Biblical''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Bible'' and to person and events narrated in the Bible, as well as styles of witing.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'biblical' in WordNet:
         1. (8) biblical, scriptural - (of or pertaining to or contained in 
            or in accordance with the Bible; 'biblical names'; 'biblical Hebrew')
         2. biblical - (in keeping with the nature of the Bible or its times or people; 
            'biblical styles in writing'; 'a beard of biblical proportions'; 
            'biblical costumes')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Bibliography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bibliography`
Description	CYC: A collection of instances of #$ReferenceWork. Each instance of #$Bibliography sets forth references to other works for a particular purpose (e.g., surveying a particular discipline or collecting all of the works of a particular author). An instance of #$Bibliography may be a stand-alone work or may be a #$subWorks of some larger work (such as an article [#$Article-CW] or book [#$Book-CW].) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bibliography' in WordNet: 1. (2) bibliography - (a list of writings with time and place of publication (such as the writings of a single author or the works referred to in preparing a document etc.))`
Super-classes	ReferenceWork^c List^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only Citation^c

Bibulous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bibulous

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bibulous' in Wordnet:
          1. bibulous, boozy, drunken, sottish - (given to or marked by
             the consumption of alcohol; 'a bibulous fellow'; 'a bibulous evening'; 
             'his boozy drinking companions'; 'thick boozy singing'; 'a drunken binge';
             'two drunken gentlemen holding each other up'; 'sottish behavior')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Biceps^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biceps

Description

CYC: The large muscle on the front of the upper arm. NOTE that the term is of plural form but is also interpreted in the sigular,and the term is also used as an adjective.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biceps' in WordNet:
        1. (2) biceps - (any skeletal muscle having two origins 
           (but especially the muscle that flexes the forearm))

Super-classes StriatedMuscle^c
SkeletalMuscle^c

Bickering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bickering

Description

'Bickering'' is a minor dispute over very small issues or differences.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bicker' in WordNet:
         1. (1) quibble, niggle, pettifog, bicker, squabble, brabble - (argue over petty things;
             'Let's not quibble over pennies')
       WN noun 'quibbling':
         1. (1) bicker, bickering, spat, tiff, squabble, pettifoggery, fuss -
            (a quarrel about petty points)

Super-classes VerbalArguingEvent^c
DisputeEvent^c

Bicultural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bicultural

Description

''Bicultural'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to regions having two different cultures - especially linguistic or nationality, and pertains to people who have some identification with two cultures..

        RHW: bicultural, adj.
          1.  of, pertaining to, or combining two cultures.
          2.  of or pertaining to biculturalism.

Super-classes Cultural^c

Bicycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bicycle`
Description	$Bicycle is a specialization of #$WheeledTransportationDevice, #$MountableTransporter, #$Device-UserPowered, and #$Device-UserControlled. Each instance of #$Bicycle is a personal wheeled transport device powered by human peddling. Most bicycles have two main wheels arranged in-line, but some tandem bicycles have more than two wheels. The term 'wheel' is not common for a bicycle, but is in RHW: RHW 'wheel': 5. Informal. a bicycle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bicycle' in WordNet: 1. (5) bicycle, bike, wheel, cycle - (a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals)
Super-classes	WheeledTransportationDevice^c Device-UserPowered^c MountableTransporter^c Device-UserControlled^c
Restrictions	hasMannerOfUse^op value RidingaBicycle^c hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 2 hasPhysicalPart^op value BicyclePedal^c

BicyclePedal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BicyclePedal

Description

A ''BicyclePedal'' ''WheelPedal'' is a ''Pedal'' that is one of two ''Pedal''s connected to a toothed disc that has a chain connnected around its front perimeter and also connected to a toothed disc on the axle of the rear wjheel, thus allowing torque from the pedals to transfer to the rear wheel and drive the biccle forward.

       WN does not distinguish this type of 'ped;'


        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pedal' in WordNet:
          2. pedal, treadle, foot pedal, foot lever - (a lever that is operated with the foot)

Super-classes WheelPedal^c

BicycleRacing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BicycleRacing`
Description	''BicycleRacing'' is the SportsEvent that requires ''Pedaling'' while''RidingaBicycle''.. It is the execution of the Sport ''Cycling''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bicycle race' in WordNet: 1. bicycle race - (a race between people riding bicycles)`
Super-classes	Racing^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Cycling^c usesDeviceType^op value Bicycle^c hasSubEvent^op value RidingaBicycle^c

Bid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bid

Description

CYC 'BidOnSale' : A proposal formulated by a potential buyer, communicated to a potential seller. If accepted by both, may turn into a contract. This is not the action of ''Bidding'' (which see), but the abstract proposition created by ''Bidding''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bid' and part of 'offer' (for buying)
            in WordNet:
          2. bid, tender - (a formal proposal to buy at a specified price)
        WN noun 'offer':
          2. (2) offer, offering - (something offered (as a proposal or bid); 
          'noteworthy new offerings for investors included several index funds')

Super-classes Proposal^c

Bidder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bidder`
Description	A ''Bidder'' is someone who is ''Bidding'' or has bid on some item offered for sale. `NOTE: the 'bid' made at cards (as in ''PlayingABridgeGame'')is not yet represented in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bidder' in WordNet: 1. (1) bidder - (someone who makes an offer)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Bidding^c

Bidding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bidding`
Description	''Bidding'' is an ''OfferingToBuy'' that may be made in any of various situations, including formal auctions or one-on-one such as in the sale of a House, in either case subsequent to some ''OfferingForSale'' Action. The ''Bidding'' will include a proposed price and may include some conditions on the transaction, such as getting a guarantee or having the right to return the item and get the money back. 'make me an offer' 'I'll make him an offer he can't refuse' `CYC: A specialization of #$RequestingToMakeASale and #$Proposing-CommunicationAct. Each instance of this collection is an act of communicating a #$BidOnSale to a potential buyer. See also #$GettingBids. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bid' in WordNet: 1. (6) offer, bid, tender - (propose a payment; 'The Swiss dealer offered $2 million for the painting') WN noun 'bid': 3. bid, tender - (a formal proposal to buy at a specified price)`
Super-classes	OfferingToBuy^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Bidder^c impliesPriorEventType^op value OfferingForSale^c produced^op value Bid^c

Bifocals^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bifocals

Description

Each component ''EyeglassLens'' has two regions with different focal lengths. This can be represented by creating a subtype of ''EyeglassLens'' - @ToDo1519

       NOTE: in CYC this is ''Eyewear-Prescription'' but non-prescription 
          eyeglasses are sold 'over the counter'.


       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bifocals' in WordNet:
         1. bifocals - (eyeglasses having two focal lengths)

Super-classes Eyeglasses^c

Big-Time^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Big-Time`
Description	''Big-Time'' is a AttributeValue characterizing people or their careers as being highly successful, in ''TheBigTime''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

BigCat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BigCat`
Description	Large members of the Felidae family, lions, tigers, cheetahs, leopards. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'big cat' in WordNet: 1. big cat, cat - (any of several large cats typically able to roar and living in the wild)`
Super-classes	Feline^c DangerousAnimal^c Predator^c
Sub-classes	Cheetah^c Panther^c MountainLion^c Tiger^c Leopard^c SnowLeopard^c Lion^c

BigGroupOfVictims^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BigGroupOfVictims`
Description	A ''BigGroupOfVictims'' is a ''GroupOfVictims'' having at least 5 ''Victim''s (which are all animals, and usually people). This can be used to be more specific about ''UndesirableEvent''s.
Super-classes	GroupOfVictims^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op max 5

BigSuccess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BigSuccess`
Description	A 'BigSuccess' is a ''SuccessfulThing'' that achieves a popularity or audience that is greater than the average 'success' for its category, usually a CreativeWork of some kind (Book, Play, Movie, musical work). `NOTE: the terms 'strike' and 'bang' do not seem to fit with this concept, and are omitted. . Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'hit' in WordNet: 3. (1) hit, smash, smasher, strike, bang - (a conspicuous success; 'that song was his first hit and marked the beginning of his career'; 'that new Broadway show is a real smasher'; 'the party went with a bang')`
Super-classes	SuccessfulThing^c
Sub-classes	Blockbuster^c

Bight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bight

Description

An open body of water forming a slight recession in a coastline.

       A subtype of ''gulf'' but shallower - shoreline is less enclosing
       than a semicircle. ??How to say that??  Circular arc portions?

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bight' in WordNet:
          3. bight - (a broad bay formed by an indentation in the shoreline;
           'the Bight of Benin'; 'the Great Australian Bight')

Super-classes BodyOfWater-Large^c
Gulf^c

Bigot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bigot`
Description	A ''Bigot'' is a ''Partisan'' who believes negative stereotypes about specific Groups of People. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bigot' in WordNet: 1. bigot - (a prejudiced person who is intolerant of any opinions differing from his own)`
Super-classes	PartisanPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bigoted^c
Sub-classes	Xenophobe^c Sexist^c

Bigoted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bigoted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bigoted' in Wordnet: 1. bigoted - (blindly and obstinately attached to some creed or opinion and intolerant toward others; 'a bigoted person'; 'an outrageously bigoted point of view')`
Super-classes	Partial^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Bigotry^c
Sub-classes	Sexistic^c

Bigotry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bigotry`
Description	''Bigotry'' is a ''Bias'' that predisposes a Person to believe bad things about certain groups other than that to which the ''Bigot'' belongs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bigotry' in WordNet: 1. bigotry, dogmatism - (the intolerance and prejudice of a bigot)`
Super-classes	Bias^c Intolerance^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op only Bigot^c

Bikini^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bikini

Description

Two-part swimsuit worn by adult females.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bikini' in WordNet:
      2. bikini, two-piece - (a woman's very brief bathing suit)

Super-classes WomensClothing^c
ClothingOutfit^c
SwimSuit^c

Bilateral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bilateral`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bilateral' in Wordnet: 2. bilateral - (affecting or undertaken by two parties; 'a bilateral agreement between the United States and Japan')`
Super-classes	Joint^c

BilateralObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BilateralObject`
Description	An object that has an intrinsic front and back, or an intrinsic bottom and top, or an intrinsic left and right. (The 'or's here are of course inclusive.) See also the comments for the specializations #$FrontAndBackSidedObject, #$LeftAndRightSidedObject, #$TopAndBottomSidedObject, #$HexalateralObject. A perfectly smooth ball bearing is a negative example of a #$BilateralObject. On the other hand, a ball bearing with a dot painted on one side could be considered to have a well-defined front if, for example, the hemisphere centered around the dot were designated as the front side (see also #$NoteAboutSidedObject)
Super-classes	TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c
Sub-classes	Balloon^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c LeftAndRightSidedObject^c

BilaterallySymmetric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BilaterallySymmetric`
Description	''BilaterallySymmetric'' is a subattribute of ''Symmetric'' that characterizes objects that have two sides each of which is a mirror image of the other. This does not require that the symmetry be exact, which would apply only to abstract geometric objects, but also applies to objects that present an impression of symmetry to an observer. This is used saliently to apply to organisms that have a plane of symmetry, as do most vertebrates. `NOTE: for the form of symmetry that preserves the shape of an object whenrotated about an ''AxisOfSymmetry'' use ''RotationallySymmetric''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bilaterally symmetric' in Wordnet: 1. bilateral, isobilateral, bilaterally symmetrical, bilaterally symmetric - (having identical parts on each side of an axis)`
Super-classes	Symmetric^c
Sub-classes	Ovoidal^c

BilaterallySymmetricObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BilaterallySymmetricObject`
Description	A specialization of #$SpatialThing. Each instance of #$BilaterallySymmetricObject is an object which is symmetric on both sides of a bisecting axis.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bilateral^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BilaterallySymmetric^c
Sub-classes	ClothingItem^c

Bile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bile

Description

''DigestiveJuice'' is a ''DigestiveJuice'' is a ''Succus' (a juice) that is secreted to aid digestion.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bile' in WordNet:
        1. (1) bile, gall - (a digestive juice secreted by the liver 
         and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats)

Super-classes DigestiveJuice^c

Bilingual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bilingual

Description

''Bilingual'' is a type of being 'Skilled' in which a person can speak well (not necessarily as flently as a native speaker) in two languages.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bilingual' in WordNet:
         1. (1) bilingual - (using or knowing two languages; 'bilingual education')

Super-classes Skilled^c

Bill-PaymentRequest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bill-PaymentRequest`
Description	COSMO note: this type is for Physical documents. An e-mail requesting payment would not be an instance. @ToDo: how to represent an email of the same content?? A specialization of #$TextualMaterial. Each instance of #$Bill-PaymentRequest is a written notification of a demand or request made by a creditor (or its agent) to a debtor, for payment of a debt (see #$PaymentObligation) previously incurred for some loan, goods, or services. Instances of #$Bill-PaymentRequest include telephone bills, tax bills, department store bills, cleaning bills, and fuel bills. Note that this collection includes only actual physical copies of bills - for the information contained in a given bill (which might be reproduced in more than one physical copy of it), see #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT. Nor is this mere piece of paper to be construed as the actual request (or demand) for money (for which see collections such as #$Requesting-CommunicationAct). See also the predicate #$owesDebts. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bill' in WordNet: 2. (230) bill, account, invoice - (an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered; 'he paid his bill and left'; 'send me an account of what I owe')
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value RequestingPayment^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some PaymentRequestContent^c

BillOfImpeachment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BillOfImpeachment`
Description	A ''BillOfImpeachment'' is a formal document representing an ''Impeachment'', which is the ''LingisticAssertion'' alleging that some ''PublicOfficial'' has committed an act justifying removal from office. The specifics of who creaes this and how vary with the jurisdiction. `This is a mechanism for removing PublicOfficials from office when no other mechanism is provided by a Government rule, or used as an alternative for other mechanisms that are not being used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impeachment' in WordNet: 1. impeachment - (a formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office)`
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Impeachment^c wasCreatedBy^op some LegalGovernmentOrganization^c

BillOfIndictment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BillOfIndictment`
Description	A ''BillOfIndictment'' is a formal document representing an ''Indictment'' (the ''LingisticAssertion'' alleging a crime). This is created by some Person(s) in a ''DepartmentOfJustice'' in any jurisdiction - the actual name of such a department will vary with jurisdiction and language. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bill of indictment' in WordNet: 1. indictment, bill of indictment - (a formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense)`
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some DepartmentOfJustice^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Indictment^c isProducedByEventType^op value Indicting^c

Billboard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Billboard

Description

    NOTE: this includes eh WN parent type 'signboard, sign' -
      not clear how that differs from an outdoor billboard - size?.

    ('hoarding' is British usage.)

    Includes noun sense 1 of 'billboard' in WordNet:
        1. billboard, hoarding - (large outdoor signboard)
     WN 'signboard':
       1. signboard, sign -- (structure displaying a board on which
         advertisements can be posted; "the highway was lined with signboards")

Super-classes NoticeSign^c
OutdoorObject^c
DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c

BilliardBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BilliardBall`
Description	CYC: The collection of balls used in playing pool or billiards. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'billiard ball' in WordNet: 1. billiard ball - (ball used in playing billiards)`
Super-classes	Ball^c GameArtifact^c ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c
Sub-classes	CueBall^c

Billionaire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Billionaire`
Description	A ''Billionaire'' is a ''Millionaire'' (a ''WealthyPerson'') with net assets of ''OveraBillionDollars''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'billionaire' in WordNet: 1. billionaire - (a very rich person whose material wealth is valued at more than a billion dollars)`
Super-classes	Millionaire^c
Restrictions	owns^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OveraBillionDollars^c

Billow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Billow`
Description	This ''Billow'' represents the general sense of some surface part of a physical object that projects from a larger mass in a rounded shape. This includes billows in clouds and 'billows' in hairdos and smoke emissions,and as a subtype large ''SeaBillow''s. `There is only the sense of a sea wave in WN; in RHW there is a broader sense 2: RHW noun 'billow': 1. a great wave or surge of the sea. 2. any surging mass: billows of smoke. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'billow' in WordNet: 1. billow, surge - (a large sea wave)`
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c PhysicalObject^c Wave^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value PhysicalObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rounded^c
Sub-classes	SeaBillow^c

Billowy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Billowy

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'billowy' in Wordnet:
           1. billowy, billowing, surging - (characterized by great swelling waves or surges;
             'billowy storm clouds'; 'the restless billowing sea'; 'surging waves')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Bin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bin`
Description	A 'Bin' is a container that can be small or large or have a lid or not have a lid but is usually not intended to be portable. . In some commercial establishments objects of a particular type are kept in one of a number of different 'bins' to make access convenient. A 'trash bin' can be a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bin' in WordNet: 1. (2) bin - (a container; usually has a lid)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumWidth^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoInches^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonPortable^c

Binary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Binary

Description

''Binary'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' that pertains to ''BinaryNumber''s and also to any Group that contains two elements.

      The term 'either-or' is very similar and is included in this attribute.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'binary' in Wordnet:
        1. binary - (of or pertaining to a number system having 2 as its base; 'a binary digit')

Super-classes MutuallyExclusive^c

BinaryInformationMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BinaryInformationMeasure`
Description	A ''BinaryInformationMeasure'' is an ''InformationMeasure'' that specifies the number of ''bits'' (one yes/no answer or its equivalent) in some piece of Information.
Super-classes	InformationMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Binary^c hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#bits^c
Sub-classes	KiloByte^c Bit^c MegaByte^c Byte^c

BinaryNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BinaryNumber`
Description	Elements from the number system with base 2. Every BinaryNumber is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0.
Super-classes	RealNumber^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Binary^c

BinaryString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BinaryString`
Description	A BinaryString is an AbstractString consisting only of the symbols 1 or 0, or some other equivalent pairs of symbols.
Super-classes	NumberString^c

Binder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Binder`
Description	A ''Binder'' is a container for storing sheets of paper or thin bound groups of sheets, including magazines. This includes ring binders, folders with or without a flap, and hard-sided holders shaped like a large book, but with one end that is permantently open or can be closed over. Very broad, but only for sheet-like objects. `NOTE:ring-binder would be a subtype - add when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'binder' in WordNet: 3. binder, ring-binder - (holds loose papers or magazines)`
Super-classes	StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value SheetOfPaper^c
Sub-classes	Folder^c

Bindery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bindery`
Description	A ''Bindery'' is a ''Workshop' where books are bound (by hand). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bindery' in WordNet: 1. bindery - (a workshop where books are bound)`
Super-classes	Workshop^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Bookbinding^c createsObject^op value HardboundBook^c

Bindi^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bindi`
Description	A ''Bindi'' is a 'Mark' on the forehead of a Person (usually a woman), most commonly in India. It is typically red and approximately circular, seldom larger than 2 centimeters. Wikipedia: A bindi (Hindi: from Sanskrit bindu, meaning " point, drop, dot or small particle ") is a coloured dot worn on the centre of the forehead, originally by Hindus and Jains from the Indian subcontinent. The word bindu dates back to the hymn of creation known as Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda. Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity. It is also described as "the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state". A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the eyebrows worn in the Indian subcontinent (particularly amongst Hindus in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asia among Balinese, Javanese, Malaysian, Singaporean and Burmese Hindus. A similar marking is also worn by babies and children in China and, like in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, represents the opening of the third eye. Bindi in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism is associated with ajna chakra, and Bindu is known as the third eye chakra. Bindu is the point or dot around which the mandala is created, representing the universe. The bindi has a historical and cultural presence in the region of Greater India.
Super-classes	ReligiousForeheadMark^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Dot^c hasColor^op value Red^c

Binding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Binding`
Description	Each Binding' is an Action in which two or more objects are combined into a single object by some process which may be as simple as tying a string around the group of objects (as in creating a bundle of twigs or bundle of old newspapers for recycling). Stapling, putting into a ring binder, or commercial book binding are examples. `Some instances of 'Adhering' may be caused by the act of 'Binding' (as when the act of 'Binding' uses glue or cement to bond objects).. Includes but is broader than verb senses 8 and 9 of 'bind' in WordNet; see 'Adhering' for another sense of 'bind': in WordNet: 8. bind - (provide with a binding; 'bind the books in leather') 9. tie, bind - (fasten or secure with a rope, string, or cord; 'They tied their victim to the chair')`
Super-classes	Assembling^c
Sub-classes	DocumentBindingEvent^c StaplingEvent^c

BindingAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BindingAgreement`
Description	An Agreement in which the AgreeingAgents commit to Action (or inaction) in such a way as to create an Obligation, whether or not legally enforceable (if not, it may be 'enforceable' by moral authority). OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of 'objects' with temporal extent. Each instance of #$Agreement involves two or more parties, who agree that certain propositions should be true. Making the propositions true may require some action or commitment of wealth on the part of one or more of the #$agreeingAgents. Thus, instances of #$Agreement will usually involve some instances of #$Obligation. Note: Instances of #$Agreement and #$Obligation differ, however, in that an #$obligatedAgent is responsible for the truth of all of the propositions in an obligation. In an #$Agreement, some agents may not be responsible for all of the propositions in the agreement being true. For example, in a loan agreement, the borrower agrees to give the lender back the money, but the borrower is the only #$obligatedAgent for the repayment. Note that #$obligatedAgents need not be among the #$agreeingAgents in the agreement that involves or generates the obligation. For example, the Board of Directors of XYZCorporation may agree that some non-director will assume the post and duties of President of XYZCorporation. Moreover, #$agreeingAgents aren't always #$obligatedAgents; e.g., Wanda and Paul may agree that Paul alone is obligated to do some task. Examples include instances of #$PeaceAccord, #$LegalAgreement, #$InformalAgreement, #$BusinessPartnershipAgreement, #$WorkAgreement, #$SalesAgreement, #$MaintenanceAgreement, #$Reservation, #$Appointment, etc. Includes noun sense 1, and 4 of 'agreement' and sense 1 of 'arrangement' in WordNet: 1. (9) agreement, understanding - (the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises; 'they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business'; 'there was an understanding between management and the workers') 4. (2) agreement, arrangement - (the thing arranged or agreed to; 'they made arrangements to meet in Chicago')
Super-classes	Agreement^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value MakingAnAgreement^c
Sub-classes	CollusionAgreement^c LegalAgreement^c Treaty^c

BindingToAnotherPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BindingToAnotherPerson`
Description	''BindingToAnotherPerson'' is an Action performed by one Person that produces a ''PersonalBonding'' with another Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bind' in WordNet: 2. (4) bind, tie, attach, bond - (create social or emotional ties; 'The grandparents want to bond with the child')
Super-classes	RelatingToAnotherPerson^c
Restrictions	causes^op value PersonalBonding^c
Sub-classes	Befriending^c

Bingo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bingo

Description

This WN type seems to cover several distinguishable games. All are included; subtypes can be created as needed.

      This type includes
      the type of 'lotto' sold as cards or tickets, with winning tickets determined
      by a drawing at which the players do not need to be present.  That could be one 
      separate subtype.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bingo' in WordNet:
         1. lotto, bingo, beano, keno - (a game in which numbered balls 
           are drawn at random and players cover the corresponding numbers on their cards)

Super-classes BoardGame^c

Binocular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Binocular

Description

''Binocular'' refers to things that use or require ''BothEyes'' on the same animal, most commonly used to refer to ''BinocularVision'' in which depth perception is achieved by the different angles of view of the two eyes on the same animal.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'binocular' in Wordnet:
          1. binocular - (relating to both eyes; 'binocular vision')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

BinocularVision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BinocularVision`
Description	''BinocularVision'' is a ''SenseOfVision'' (a ''Capability'') that allows depth perception and approximate sense of three-dimensionality by the use of two eyes (on the same animal) `This is an AttributeType of animals or sophisticated artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect light patterns emitted from objects and process and interpret them to determine what kinds of objects are in the visual field, and where they are located in three-dimensional space.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'binocular vision' in WordNet: 1. binocular vision - (vision involving the use of both eyes)`
Super-classes	SenseOfVision^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Binocular^c

Binoculars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Binoculars`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'binoculars' in WordNet: 1. (1) binoculars, field glasses, opera glasses - (an optical instrument designed for simultaneous use by both eyes)`
Super-classes	SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual^c Device-SingleUser^c SmallObject^c LensedOpticalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Magnifying^c

BioMedical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BioMedical

Description

''BioMedical'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to actions, especially Research, that pertain to the biological, chemical biochemical events that relate to ''Medicine'' and disease.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'biomedical' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) biomedical - (relating to the activities and applications of science to clinical medicine; 
           'biomedical research laboratory')

Super-classes Medical^c

BioTechnology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BioTechnology`
Description	''BioTechnology'' is a branch of ''MolecularBiology'' that studies, among other things, methods to use DNA to modify the genes of organisms, including animals and even people, for industrial or medical purposes. Production of other macromolecules such as RNA and proteins are included. DNA synthesis and DNA sequence analysis are also included in this FieldOfStudy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biotechnology' in WordNet: 1. biotechnology - (the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes; 'biotechnology produced genetically altered bacteria that solved the problem')`
Super-classes	MolecularBiology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value MacroMolecularSubstance^c

Bioassay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bioassay`
Description	A ''Bioassay'' is a ''ExperimentalTest'' in which some substance is administered to an Organism to determine how that Organism reacts to the presence of that substance in its body. NOTE that this kind of test includes testing substances for their effects on MicroLifeForms such as measuring the antibacterial effects of potential antibacterial agents. In this kind of test, often a 'control' of some kind is performed such as doing a mock test with a placebo. But that is not always needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bioassay' in WordNet: 1. (2) bioassay, bio-assay - (appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard)
Super-classes	Measuring^c ExperimentalTest^c AnalyzingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMeasured^op some SubstanceType^c hasThingSought^op some BodilyResponse^c hadObjectMeasured^op some (Organism^c or OrganismType^c)

BiochemicalCompound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiochemicalCompound`
Description	A ''BiochemicalCompound'' is an ''OrganicSubstance'' and a ''CarbonCompound'' (a chemically defined substance) produced naturally by some ''Organism''. Such compounds are also produced by synthetic chemistry, but they are nevertheless categorized as a ''BiochemicalCompound'' regardless of the method of production of any given quantity of such a substance, and regardless of where it happens to be. It does not necessarily perform a function within the Organism . `No WN sense.`
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c OrganicSubstance^c OrganicCompound^c CarbonCompound^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	Neurochemical^c Neurotransmitter^c Chlorophyll^c

BiochemicalReaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiochemicalReaction`
Description	A 'BiochemicalReaction' is a 'ChemicalReaction' catalysed by one or more enzymes, whether in or outside of a cell.
Super-classes	ChemicalReaction^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Enzyme^c
Sub-classes	Photosynthesis^c EnzymaticReaction^c ProteinFolding^c Fermenting^c ProteinSynthesis^c Metabolizing^c

BiochemicalReactionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiochemicalReactionType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some class of '''BiochemicalReaction''' as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	ChemicalReactionType^c
Members	HavingBloodyStools BiochemicalReaction BodilyFunctionEvent AttackOfAnAilment Blockage PhysiologicalEffect EnzymaticReaction Defecating Metabolizing PhysiologicalFunction Starvation Blooming Menopause CoronaryThrombosis Thrombosis Occlusion Photosynthesis ProteinSynthesis PlantOrganicProcess Urinating Fermenting HealingEvent OnePulse

BiochemicalWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiochemicalWeapon`
Description	SUMO: A WeaponOfMassDestruction that is either a BiologicalWeapon or a ChemicalWeapon, i.e. not a RadioactiveWeapon..
Super-classes	WeaponOfMassDestruction^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalWeapon^c ChemicalWeapon^c

BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance`
Description	A #$Collection. Instances are portions of substances that are harmful to people.
Super-classes	DangerousSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Harmful^c
Sub-classes	HarmfulChemicalSubstance^c RadioactiveSubstance^c Nicotine^c HydrogenFluoride^c HPACAgent^c ToxicSubstance^c

Biochemist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biochemist`
Description	One skilled at, educated in, or practicing Biochemistry. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biochemist' in WordNet: 1. biochemist - (someone with special training in biochemistry)`
Super-classes	Chemist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Biochemistry^c

Biochemistry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biochemistry

Description

The branch of Chemistry dealing with the chemical processes in living cells, and the structure, function, and properties of the substancs produced by living cells.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biochemistry' in WordNet:
          1. (1) biochemistry - (the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occuring
           in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry)

Super-classes Chemistry^c

Biodiversity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biodiversity`
Description	''Biodiversity'' is the state of something that is ''Diverse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biodiversity' in WordNet: 1. biodiversity - (the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole); 'a high level of biodiversity is desirable')`
Super-classes	Diversity^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Diverse^c

Biofeedback^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biofeedback

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biofeedback' in WordNet:
        1. biofeedback - (a training program in which a person
            is given information about physiological processes 
            (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally
            available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them)

Super-classes ProfessionalServicing^c
TherapeuticProcess^c
TrainingAnAgent^c

Biographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biographer`
Description	A ''Biographer'' is a Person who has written at least one ''Biography'' that has been published and sold somewhere. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biographer' in WordNet: 1. biographer - (someone who writes an account of a person's life)`
Super-classes	Writer^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op some Biography^c

Biographical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biographical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'biographical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) biographic, biographical - (of or relating to or being biography; 'biographical data')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Autobiographical^c

BiographicalSketch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiographicalSketch`
Description	A ''BiographicalSketch'' is a short ''Biography'' intended to gove only the outline and salient events of a Person's life. Examples of this are found in ''Obituary''s.
Super-classes	Biography^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sketchy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

BiographicalTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiographicalTopic`
Description	A 'BiographicalTopic' is any Topic that can be expected to occur in a Biography. This includes a person's geneology, education, employment, writings, etc.
Super-classes	Topic^c

Biography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biography`
Description	CYC: A collection of instances of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$Biography is a narrative containing information about the life of some #$Person. `SUMO: A HistoricalAccount which is concerned with the life of a single Human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biography' in WordNet: 1. (3) biography, life, life story, life history - (an account of the series of events making up a person's life)`
Super-classes	HistoricalNarrative^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Person^c wasAuthoredBy^op some Biographer^c
Sub-classes	BiographicalSketch^c Autobiography^c

Biological^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biological`
Description	''Biological'' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to ''Biology'' or ''LifeForm''s or the functions of or processes in a ''LifeForm''. In some way; of or pertaining to ''Biology''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biological' in WordNet: 1. (12) biological, biologic - (pertaining to biology or to life and living things)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Ecological^c Anatomical^c

BiologicalAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalAttribute`
Description	Any AttributeType specific to Organisms.
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	BodyProperty^c

BiologicalAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalAttributeValue`
Description	Some AttributeValue specific to Organisms. This is very general.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Sober^c PsychologicalAttribute^c Contagious^c Intoxicated^c SexAttribute^c Fertile^c Infectious^c Sobered^c AppearanceAttribute^c FingerprintAttribute^c Earnest^c AgentAttributeValue^c BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute^c Profound^c VitalityAttributeValue^c VeryFertile^c

BiologicalChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalChild`
Description	A BiologicalRelation is a PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent where the Event is the birth of a Person to either a woman who bore that child in her womb (regardless of whether she shares a a genetic component with the child). The person having a ''BiologicalChild'' may be the birth other or the genetic father. ..
Super-classes	BiologicalRelation^c ChildRole^c SonOrDaughter^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalSon^c IllegitimateChild^c BiologicalDaughter^c

BiologicalDaughter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalDaughter`
Description	A ''BiologicalSon'' is a female ''BiologicalChild''. ..
Super-classes	Daughter^c BiologicalChild^c

BiologicalDecompositionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalDecompositionEvent`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent, some living structures are decomposed.
Super-classes	BiologicalDestructionEvent^c Decomposing^c
Sub-classes	DigestionEvent^c SpoilingOfFood^c

BiologicalDestructionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalDestructionEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$BiologicalProcess. In each instance of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent, some instance(s) of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v.) are destroyed. Notable specializations of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent include #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent, #$DigestionEvent, and #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent.
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c InternalChange^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalDecompositionEvent^c

BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute`
Description	The parent type of Attributes that indicate the stage of development of a LifeForm (usually an Organism). Subtypes are for example 'Larval', 'Fetal'.
Super-classes	BiologicalAttributeValue^c DevelopmentalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Larval^c Infantile^c InUtero^c

BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalDevelopmentEvent`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent' is an Event during which some change in the form of an organism occurs; Each new new 'BiologicalDevelopmentState' is caused by and immediately succeeds a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent'. Each BiologicalDevelopmentState has an AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'StageOfDevelopment' A 'BiologicalLifeStage' is a TimeInterval during the lifetime of an Organism that coincides with a 'BiologicalDevelopmentState', when the form is relatively stable, except perhaps for growth in size; None of these four types (BiologicalDevelopmentState, BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, BiologicalLifeStage and StageOfDevelopment) are related by subsumption in either direction to any of the other three, but they are related by some relations, not yet (r875) formalized CYC: A collection of events, and a subcollection of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In each instance of #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, one or more living things undergo biological changes in which they progress from one developmental stage to another. For example, the germination of a seed, the opening of a flower, the pupating of a caterpillar, a teenager reaching puberty. Some borderline non-examples include: Groucho Marx being born, Groucho Marx dying. A notable specialization of this collection is #$BiologicalMaturationEvent. Note that the distinction between this collection and #$BiologicalProductionEvent is not always sharp, but instances of #$BiologicalProductionEvent are distinguished insofar as the event in question produces a reasonably distinct entity from start to finish.
Super-classes	BiologicalEvent^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c Development^c Action^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BiologicalDevelopmentState^c
Sub-classes	Germinating^c BiologicalReproductionEvent^c Gestation^c Prophase^c Maturing^c BirthEvent^c

BiologicalDevelopmentStage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalDevelopmentStage

Description

'BiologicalDevelopmentStage' is a subtype of 'StageOfDevelopment', being the PersistentState and AttributeType whose values express some level of development for a LifeForm, such as 'Fetal' or 'Newborn' or 'Mature'.

     Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'stage' in WordNet, specific
       for life forms:
     3. (130) degree, level, stage, point - (a specific identifiable position in 
       a continuum or series or especially in a process; 'a remarkable degree
       of frankness'; 'at what stage are the social sciences?')

Super-classes StageOfDevelopment^c

BiologicalDevelopmentState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalDevelopmentState`
Description	Each 'BiologicalDevelopmentState' is a PersistentState (a subtype of Event) of some LifeForm that precedes or succeeds another BiologicalDevelopmentState of the same Organism, separated by a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent'. The instances of this type are the distinctive states of a individual Organism that are referred to by an AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'StageOfdevelopment' . Each 'BiologicalDevelopmentState' is a ProcessStage in the progression of developmental states for that Organism. COSMO note: in COSMO each new new 'BiologicalDevelopmentState' is caused by and immediately succeeds a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent'. Each BiologicalDevelopmentState has an AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'StageOfDevelopment' A 'BiologicalLifeStage' is a TimeInterval during the lifetime of an Organism that coincides with a 'BiologicalDevelopmentState', when the form is relatively stable, except perhaps for growth in size; None of these four types (BiologicalDevelopmentState, BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, BiologicalLifeStage and StageOfDevelopment) are related by subsumption in either direction to any of the other three, but they are related by some relations, not yet (r875) formalized. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'stage' in WordNet, specifically for biological stages of development (WordNet does not have an entry close to this meaning): in WordNet: 1. (266) phase, stage - - (any distinct time period in a sequence of events; 'we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected')
Super-classes	BiologicalEvent^c ProcessStage^c PhysicalSituation^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some LifeForm^c

BiologicalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$BiologicalProcess (q.v.) instances of which are non-deliberately done by biological organisms. Each instance of #$BiologicalEvent is a biological process that has an instance of #$Organism-Whole as a bodily doer (see #$bodilyDoer). Processes that may be performed by parts of an organism are under 'PhysiologicalProcess'. `Note that not all physical events that have bodily doers are #$BiologicalEvents; they might (e.g.) be #$PhysiologicalConditions that are not biological events. Thus, having a bodily doer is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for being an instance of #$BiologicalEvent.`
Super-classes	AnimateActivity^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c Breeding^c BiologicalProductionEvent^c PhysiologicalProcess^c BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c BiologicalDevelopmentState^c Death^c

BiologicalEvolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalEvolution`
Description	This is 'Evolution' as an Event, not as a FunctionalProcess (which is another view of Evolution). 'Evolution' is a 'Group' of events, each of which is a change ('BecomingEvent'). This concept captures the notion of a significant change as the end result of a number of smaller changes. `This is a Group of Events, and within this group must be at least one instance of ''NaturalSelection''. (do we need a type for ''NaturalSelection''?) Corresponds to the specialized sense 2 of 'evolution' and verb sense 2 of 'evolve' in Wordnet: 2. evolution, organic evolution, phylogeny, phylogenesis - ((biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms)`
Super-classes	Evolution^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some NaturalSelection^c agentHasAttribute^op value Evolving^c

BiologicalFamily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalFamily`
Description	CYC: The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalOrder (or #$BiologicalSuborder) and above #$BiologicalGenus. Especially important in Botanical classification.
Super-classes	BiologicalTaxonType^c
Members	Budgerigar VanillaPlant CorvineBird Sloth ConiferousTree Legume-ThePlant Hummingbird Orchid Shark-Hammerhead Mustelidae Deer Sturgeon Parakeet Cockatiel EaredSeal Pigeon Canine MackerelShark Stork PigFamily VanillaExtract Plover Swallow Cactus Cockatoo WhaleShark GrassFamily Parrot Goose

BiologicalFather^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalFather

Description

The man who supplied the sperm to fertilize the egg that developed into a Person, whether the egg was fertilized naturally or by in vitro fertilization. If clones become possible, this will apply to the male who donated half the genetic components of some person's genome - identical for all clones regardless of the number of cloning steps from the initial biological fertilization.

  WordNet does not distinguish biological from other fathers:
  Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'father' in WordNet:
    1. (72) father, male parent, begetter - (a male parent (also used as
    a term of address to your father); 'his father was born in Atlanta')

Super-classes Father^c
BiologicalRelation^c

BiologicalFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalFunction`
Description	A BiologicalFunction is a Capability of some biological organism or part of an organism that was created by evolution. That capability may not have been specifically selected for by Evolution; it may have co-evolved with another Capability that was selected for. BFO Definition of 'Function' (closer to 'DesignFunction': A realizable entity that is a characteristic end-directed activity of a continuant entity in virtue of that continuant entity being a specific kind of entity in a specific context. Examples: the function of a birth canal to enable transport, the function of the heart to pump blood, the function of reproduction in the transmission of genetic material, the function of digestion to nutriate the body, the function of radiation in neutralizing cancer cells. COSMO note: A Function is a capability inherent in an Artifact or naturally evolved System, which may be realized in a physical Event or Action. The relation between this capability and the actual physical action is 'wasRealizedByAction'.
Super-classes	DesignFunction^c
Sub-classes	AcquiredTrait^c HereditaryTrait^c

BiologicalGenus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalGenus`
Description	CYC: The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions (see #$BiologicalTaxon) created below #$BiologicalFamily and above #$BiologicalSpecies. Sometimes, hybrids are possible between different instances of #$BiologicalSpecies that belong to the same #$BiologicalGenus. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'genus' in WordNet: 2. (1) genus - ((biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species)`
Super-classes	BiologicalTaxonType^c
Members	Rickettsia Cannabis FirTree Streptococcus Manatee Ganoid Mastodon PeromyscusGenus SpruceTree CitrusFruitTree Lily HollyTree Mammoth Flatfish Barracuda Teleost AlliaceousPlant Halibut Vireo Staphylococcus CapsicumPepperPlant Spiny-finnedFish

BiologicalIntakeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalIntakeEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure. In each instance of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent, some object(s) are taken into some living structure. `This includes absorption of nutrients by plants from the ground and getting an injection of some stuff, as well as eating or drinking or inhaling a substance.`
Super-classes	ExposureToSubstance^c TransferIn^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some (OrganismType^c or Organism^c)
Sub-classes	GettingAnInjection^c Inhaling^c SuckingOnSomethingInMouth^c Ingesting^c Swallowing^c AdministeringaSubstance^c

BiologicalLivingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalLivingObject`
Description	COSMO note: as of version 0.49, this category is not properly represented. COSMO has 'Corpse' as a subtype of 'BiologicalLivingObject' (BLO) and these need to be distinguished. COSMO note: The COSMO usage differs from CYC: in COSMO a part of a BLO (''OrganismPart'') does not have to be still on the BLO,nor does it have to be 'alive' - it just has to have been on a living Organism at some time, and still needs to be recognizably composed mostly of cells and attached body materials. So ''PlantPart'' can be the useful part of a plant that is harvested and sold for food or other purposes. @ToDo: this needs to be considered further and possibly differentiated. Not clear for what purpose a ''BLO'' needs to be alive. An ''Organism'' can be alive. Perhaps parts 'in situ' are useful? (''BloodObjectInSitu'' is an example). Cyc: The collection of all structures that are composed of one or more living cells (see #$Cell). Note that this can be solid or liquid, because blood and lymph are composed of cells. Biological living objects (or BLO s) might either be instances of #$Organism-Whole (like dogs or pine trees) or components of such whole living organisms (like noses, tails, and pine needles). The healthy leg of a living person is a BLO (as is the person), but an amputated leg is not a BLO. Almost every instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject is either capable of biological reproduction itself or has components which are capable of biological reproduction (such as the cells in a living arm). Red blood cells are abnormal instances of BLO in that they cannot reproduce.
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c OpaqueObject^c
Sub-classes	PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c EmbryoOrFetus^c Crop^c CultivatedPlant^c OrganismPart^c PlantBLO^c Cell^c AnimalBLO^c Organism^c
In domain of	wasBiologicallyDerivedFrom^op
In range of	wasBiologicallyDerivedFrom^op

BiologicalOrderType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalOrderType`
Description	CYC 'BiologicalOrder': A specialization of #$BiologicalTaxon. Each instance of #$BiologicalOrder is an immediate subdivision of some instance of #$BiologicalClass or #$BiologicalSubclass (qq.v.). Instances of #$BiologicalOrder include #$CarnivoreOrder, #$Monotreme, and #$Primate.
Super-classes	BiologicalTaxonType^c
Members	CentrospermaeOrder BeanPlant FalconiformOrder LegumeOrder OrchidOrder Hawk PepperOrder Waterfowl LaurelOrder Octopus GingerOrder GourdOrder MagnoliaOrder Spider OliveOrder Mite HeathOrder NettleOrder Squid Tick Owl PineappleOrder LilyOrder Beetle Bat Crocodilian IrisOrder BegoniaOrder DeerTick

BiologicalOrganType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalOrganType`
Description	BiologicalOrganType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to named parts of organisms at particular stages of their life cycle. It is not necessarily an animal body part type - it may be part of a plant.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c RoleType^c
Sub-classes	FruitType^c
Members	SensoryReceptor Bladder-Urinary Glottis Udder Spleen Pancreas HumanLip Muscle Nerve Uterus BackOfaPerson Lip HumanNose Currant Tongue Bud Raspberry ThyroidGland DevelopedMuscles Blackberry Cheek Strawberry SpeechOrgan EndocrineGland Flower Gonad LongNose DevelopedMuscle Biceps Berry AbductorMuscle Chest-BodyPart Lung InternalOrgan PituitaryGland AnimalOrganPart Stinger Eye Blueberry Cortex Breast Stomach Liver FloralLeaf HumanEar Petal TeaLeaf FlexedMuscle Intestine PairOfLungs Organ Dug Cranberry Teat StriatedMuscle ExternalOrgan VitalOrgan HorseBack Appendix Thymus Heart Kidney Nose TrunkOfAnElephant UpperLip Gland Horn Ear Back Sepal Fruit MammaryGland Brain JuniperBerry BrainPart

BiologicalProductionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalProductionEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$PhysicalCreationEvent and #$BiologicalEvent. In each instance of #$BiologicalProductionEvent, raw materials are combined to produce a product, and at least one instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v.) is the producer. Specializations of #$BiologicalProductionEvent include #$SecretionEvent and #$BiologicalReproductionEvent. Note that the distinction between this collection and #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent is not always sharp, but instances of #$BiologicalProductionEvent are distinguished insofar as the event in question produces a reasonably distinct entity from start to finish. Thus, #$FlowerDevelopmentEvent is an instance of #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent although some case could be made for it being an instance of #$BiologicalProductionEvent.
Super-classes	PhysicalCreationEvent^c BiologicalEvent^c Production-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Excreting^c GrowingPlants^c BiologicalReplication^c Exuding^c DigestionEvent^c LayingAnEgg^c BiologicalReproductionEvent^c AnimalHusbandry^c

BiologicalRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalRelation`
Description	A BiologicalRelation is a PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent where the Event is the birth of an organism as the biological descendent of another organism, thereby creating permanent relations between the newly born organism and its ancestors and its other genetically related organisms, such as (in the case of people) the aunts, uncles, grandparents, siblings, cousins, etc. Kinship by marriage is included, as in aunts and uncles. A non-genetic relation included as a subtype of this category is the Role of BirthMother, which usually has but doesn't have to have a genetic component.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'relative' (a biological reltive, related by blood line) in WordNet: 1. (8) relative, relation - ( a person related by blood or marriage; 'police are searching for relatives of the deceased'; 'he has distant relations back in New Jersey')`
Super-classes	Kinsman^c HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	Cousin^c Aunt^c BiologicalChild^c Uncle^c BiologicalFather^c Nephew^c Niece^c BirthMother^c BiologicalSibling^c

BiologicalReplication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalReplication`
Description	Replicating the whole or part of some information-bearing object in a biological system, by biological or biochemical means. Cell multiplication, DNA replication, RNA transcription of DNA are all included. 'Copying' is usually used linguistically only for genetic information. NOTE that the reproduction of a whole organism is only a 'BiologicalReplication' for organisms such as bacteria that do not (usually) reproduce sexually, and make an (approximately) exact copy of the parent. See also 'BiologicalReproductionEvent' for that process. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'copy' and sense 2 of 'replicate' and noun sense 2 of 'replication' in WordNet; this is only for biological replication - reproduction of artifacts is under 'IBTCopying': in WordNet: 3. replicate, copy - (reproduce or make an exact copy of; 'replicate the cell'; 'copy the genetic information') WN 'replication': 2. replication - ((genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division)
Super-classes	IBTGeneration-Replication^c BiologicalProductionEvent^c
Sub-classes	InheritingGenes^c AsexualReproductionEvent^c

BiologicalReproductionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalReproductionEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$BiologicalProductionEvent. Each instance of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent is an event in which one or more instances of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v.) (related to the event by #$parentActors) produce at least one new instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject (related to the event by #$offspringActors), generally of the same kind as the parents. Notable specializations of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent include #$AsexualReproductionEvent and #$SexualReproductionEvent. In SUMO called 'Replication': SUMO: The Process of biological reproduction. This can be either a sexual or an asexual process. Includes senses 1 and 5 of 'reproduction' and verb senses 3 and 4 of 'multiply' in WordNet: 1. (1) reproduction - (the process of generating offspring) 5. reproduction, procreation, breeding, facts of life - (the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring) WN verb 'multiply': 3. (1) breed, multiply - (have young (animals); 'pandas rarely breed in captivity') 4. reproduce, procreate, multiply - (have offspring or young; 'The deer in our neighborhood reproduce madly'; 'The Catholic Church tells people to procreate, no matter what their economic situation may be')
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c Multiplying^c BiologicalProductionEvent^c
Restrictions	isaCapabilityOf^op value Organism^c produced^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	SexualReproductionEvent^c AsexualReproductionEvent^c Breeding^c CellDivision^c

BiologicalSibling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalSibling`
Description	A BiologicalSibling who is a brother or sister, including half-brothers or half-sisters. BiologicalSiblings have at least one biological parent in common. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sibling' in WordNet: 1. sibling, sib - (a person's brother or sister)`
Super-classes	BiologicalRelation^c
Restrictions	isaSiblingOf^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Cousin^c Quadruplet^c Twin^c Sister^c Brother^c

BiologicalSon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalSon`
Description	A ''BiologicalSon'' is a male ''BiologicalChild''. ..
Super-classes	BiologicalChild^c Son^c

BiologicalSpecies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalSpecies`
Description	BiologicalSpecies is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of biological species as one of their arguments. Cyc: An instance of #$BiologicalTaxonType. Each instance of #$BiologicalSpecies is the most general taxon from which two breeding organisms of appropriate sexes can conceivably produce fertile offspring, or, in the case of asexual reproduction, is conventionally defined. Members of different species of animals cannot produce fertile offspring by interbreeding. If there are only two breeds of a given species and one breed becomes extinct, the second breed by virtue of that fact becomes an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies - since the only organisms instances can breed with to produce fertile offspring are, at that point, members of that collection. An instance of #$BiologicalSpecies has members who all have significant traits in common, and members of each biological species have other members as parents. Exceptions occur when a species is conventionally defined to start since parenthood could conceivably be traced back billions of years, yet new species came into existence. In biological taxonomy, related species are grouped into a particular instance of #$BiologicalGenus. Some genera have only a single species, but they remain different taxons. SUMO: The Class of all biological species, i.e. the class of all classes of Organism whose instances can interbreed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'species' in WordNet: 1. (27) species - ((biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed)
Super-classes	BiologicalTaxonType^c
Members	Ram CanadaGoose Cockatoo ChivesPlant Alpaca Azalea Pony Ewe Leopard ApricotTree Wolf BaldEagle Donkey CodFish CactusSpine CardinalBird TomatoPlant Cheetah AlmondTree ArtichokePlant CayennePepperPlant MountainLion Chicken LemonTree Poinsettia BlackRat Goldfish BlackBear LeekPlant EggplantPlant WoollyMammoth Opossum HouseMouse CherryTree GreatWhiteShark Raccoon PeregrineFalcon BigCat Lemming MallardDuck Wormwood GrizzlyBear Smallpox-Virus Horse TurkeyBird WildBoar Rhododendron GoldenEagle RosemaryPlant Sheep-Domestic SnowLeopard Species Coyote Shrimp Raven Walrus MuskmelonPlant VenusFlyTrap Llama LimeTree PineapplePlant PomegranateTree Haha-Plant SugarcanePlant Ibis StreptococcusPneumoniae CucumberPlant OrangeTree Panda DeerMouse PolarBear Osprey ShallotPlant GuineaPig Hamster TasmanianDevil CapeBuffalo Guppy Beaver HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus ParsleyPlant NorwayRat Lion Ocelot CannaLily CoronaVirus Capybara StreptococcusPyogenes Robin HempPlant Marjoram Suricate WatermelonPlant Ostrich BlackFootedFerret SeaOtter MonarchButterfly CutthroatTrout Cockatiel SaddleHorse CoronaVirusCOVID-19 AvocadoTree Kiwi Yak Anthrax-Bacterium BoaConstrictor Bullfrog Orangutan GrapefruitTree Panther Gerbil MarijuanaPlant Chinchilla AppleTree HoneyBee Koala MesaVerdeCactus Pig PricklyPear WoodRat CornPlant Goat-Domestic Moose Lobster SalmonellaTyphosa Mockingbird Tiger OnionPlant Platypus Wolverine Emu Coriander Mink Sesame Dog Ass

BiologicalSubclass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalSubclass`
Description	CYC: The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions more specific than #$BiologicalClass but more general than #$BiologicalOrder.
Super-classes	BiologicalTaxonType^c
Members	MonocotSubclass DicotSubclass

BiologicalSubspecies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalSubspecies`
Description	A specialization of #$BiologicalTaxon whose instances are more restrictive than those of #$BiologicalSpecies. Each instance of #$BiologicalSubspecies is a specialization of some instance of #$BiologicalSpecies. Members of different subspecies of the same species can produce fertile offspring by interbreeding; but such offspring are not members of either of the parental subspecies, although they are members of the common species. All instances of a given biological subspecies have significant traits or collections of traits in common that are not shared by all other members of the subsuming species. A #$BiologicalSubspecies is formed by inbreeding of a restricted group of members of the same species. This can happen naturally through geographic isolation or intentionally through controlled reproduction to create, for example, dog breeds or crop strains.
Super-classes	BiologicalTaxonType^c
Members	Pygmy VariantSrain

BiologicalSurvival^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalSurvival`
Description	Just another term of the process of 'Living'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

BiologicalTaxonType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalTaxonType`
Description	CYC: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$OrganismClassificationType (q.v.). Instances of #$BiologicalTaxon correspond to ranked categories accepted by biologists for the classification of organisms according to their suspected evolutionary relationships. Such categories change as biologists learn more about the organisms involved and determine that existing classifications are more or less useful. They include all levels of taxons. Specializations of #$BiologicalTaxon include #$BiologicalOrder and #$BiologicalSpecies; instances include #$Marsupial and #$Ape. See also #$BiologicalTaxonType.
Super-classes	OrganismType^c
Sub-classes	Breed^c BiologicalFamily^c BiologicalSubspecies^c BiologicalOrderType^c BiologicalSubclass^c BiologicalGenus^c AngiospermSpeciesType^c BiologicalSpecies^c
Members	Nightingale Ganoid Sheep ScombroidFish Cyprinodont Barracuda Dinosaur Beaver Bumble Penguin Teleost Hippopotamus Rabbit Antelope Halibut Iguana Catfish BonyFish Fly Flatfish Bear Falcon Mongoose Dove Piranha Ruminant Gecko Bass Rat EquineAnimal Finch CuckooClock Kangaroo Turtle Characin Soft-finnedFish Goat Seagull Marlin Wasp CartilaginousFish Mackerel Hornet PercoidFish Minnow Whale Swan Python Mouse Mosquito Tortoise CodFish Frog Alligator Dolphin Spiny-finnedFish Squirrel CypriniformFish Fox Anaconda Pelican Puffin Skunk Osprey Cuckoo Guppy Swordfish HomingPigeon RiverOtter Rattlesnake Bee Salmon TunaFish Cetacean DolphinOrPorpoise

BiologicalTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalTest`
Description	A ''BiologicalTest'' is AnalyticalTest is an ''ExperimentalTest'' intended to determine the presence and/or concentration of a ''MicroLifeForm'' (microbe or virus) in a sample of some material.. This can be performed on a biological sample drawn from an Organism, or on any other sample, such as the water in a water supply or a sample in some natural location. The method can be of any type, such as DNA analysis to determine the presence of an organism with a particular genetic structure, or adding a sample with microbes to a growth medium to
Super-classes	AnalyzingSomething^c ExperimentalTest^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some ConcentrationMeasure^c hadObjectMeasured^op only (Organism^c or OrganismType^c)

BiologicalWeapon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicalWeapon

Description

CYC: The collection of #$Weapons which contain a sample of biological agent (#$Bacterium, #$Virus, #$Fungus). This collection includes body parts of plague victims catapulted into cities in the Middle Ages and smallpox infected blankets given to Native Americans, as well as crop-infecting sprays from crop dusting planes and purified bacterial strains released from explosive devices or sprayers. Because these #$Weapons are inexpensive compared to traditional armaments, poor countries can compete with wealthy countries in the manufacture of such weapons and threatened use of them for deterrant purposes.

        SUMO: Weapons which contain a sample of 
        ToxicOrganism or a BiologicallyActiveSubstance that is produced by a 
        ToxicOrganism (or a synthetic analogue of the latter)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biological weapon' in WordNet:
          1. bioweapon, biological weapon, bioarm - (any weapon 
            usable in biological warfare; "they feared use of the smallpox virus as a bioweapon")

Super-classes BiochemicalWeapon^c

Biologically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biologically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'biologically' in WordNet: 1. biologically - (with respect to biology; "biologically related")`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiologicallyActiveSubstance`
Description	A Substance, not an object, that may be beneficial or harmful or innocuous, but in any case has some effect on the physiological functioning of an organism. `SUMO: A Substance that is capable of inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an Organism. This Class includes Substances used in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. This Class also includes Substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically. Finally, BiologicallyActiveSubstance includes Nutrients, most drugs of abuse, and agents that require special handling because of their toxicity.`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Venom^c Stimulant^c Alkaloid^c Antigen^c Nutrient^c Hormone^c Toxin^c Opium^c TopicallyAppliedSubstance^c Fertilizer^c DrugSubstance^c

Biologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biologist`
Description	`CYC: #$Scientist that studies, advances and exploits #$Biology Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biologist' in WordNet: 1. (1) biologist, life scientist - ((biology) a scientist who studies living organisms)`
Super-classes	Expert^c Professional-Adult^c Scientist^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Organism^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Biology^c
Sub-classes	Ethologist^c Neurologist^c Ecologist^c Microbiologist^c Toxicologist^c Zoologist^c Immunologist^c Orthopedist^c Physiologist^c Urologist^c Naturalist^c Geneticist^c

Biology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biology`
Description	the science that studies the properties and processes of living things; the science of life. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biology' in WordNet: 1. (4) biology, biological science - (the science that studies living organisms)`
Super-classes	LifeScience^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value LifeForm^c
Sub-classes	Immunology^c Botany^c Forestry^c Ecology^c Physiology^c Neurology^c Neurobiology^c Genetics^c Microbiology^c Embryology^c Morphology^c MolecularBiology^c Orthopedics^c Endocrinology^c Urology^c Zoology^c

BiomassAsFuel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiomassAsFuel

Description

''BiomassAsFuel'' represents unprocessed OrganicObjects collected for use as Fuel. Processing may convert into different subtypes of this type.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biomass' in WordNet:
       1. biomass - (plant materials and animal waste used as fuel)

Super-classes CombustibleFuelSubstance^c
Fuel^c

BiomassMeasure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiomassMeasure

Description

'''BiomassMeasure'' is the total mass of all living organisms in a given location.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'biomass' in WordNet:
      2. biomass - (the total mass of living matter in a given unit area)

Super-classes ConstantQuantity^c

BiometricIdentifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiometricIdentifier`
Description	A BiometricIdentifier is any PersonIdentifier based on body characteristics more or less specific to a particular individual person. BloodType is a marginal subtype, being not very specific but having been used for identification purposes. More reliable are fingerprints, DNA restriction patterns, retina scans, facial patterns, voiceprints. Who knows what else they may use?.
Super-classes	PersonIdentifier^c
Sub-classes	Fingerprint^c

Biopolymer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biopolymer`
Description	A Polymer (substance) of a kind that is produced by living organisms. Common kinds are protein, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide. This Type is not classified as an OrganicCompound because some instances may be too heterogeneous in composition to be defined by formula. `Cyc: The collection of macromolecules which are produced by and can be found within living things, such as proteins (essentially polymers of amino acids), nucleic acids (such as DNA or RNA), and polysaccharides (polymers of simple sugars)`
Super-classes	Polymer^c MacroMolecularSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	Peptide^c NucleicAcid^c Enzyme^c Protein^c

Biopsy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biopsy

Description

A MedicalAnalyticalTest performed on a piece of tissue taken from an Organism, usually a Person.

      The RHW has two senses for 'biopsy':
         1.  the removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body.
         2.  a specimen obtained from a biopsy.
      This type includes sense 1 *and* the test performed on that sample.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biopsy' in WordNet:
         1. (3) biopsy - (examination of tissues or liquids from the living body 
             to determine the existence or cause of a disease)

Super-classes MedicalAnalyticalTest^c

Biosolids^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biosolids`
Description	''Biosolids'' is a particulate organic ''SolidSubstance'' present in and recoverable from ''Sewage'', and which can be used as fertilizer. This type represents the solids still in Sewage as well as the compacted solids recovered from ''Sewage''. Wikipedia: Biosolids are solid organic matter recovered from a sewage treatment process and used as fertilizer. In the past, it was common for farmers to use animal manure to improve their soil fertility. In the 1920s, the farming community began also to use sewage sludge from local wastewater treatment plants. Scientific research over many years has confirmed that these biosolids contain similar nutrients to those in animal manures. Biosolids that are used as fertilizer in farming are usually treated to help to prevent disease-causing pathogens from spreading to the public. No sense for 'biosolids' in WN.
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c Fertilizer^c ParticulateMatter^c SolidSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value SewageTreatment^c isDerivedFrom^op value Sewage^c

Biosphere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biosphere`
Description	The ''Biosphere'' is the entire ''GeographicalRegion'' (on Earth) including the air and waters, and underground locations where living organisms can survive. `NOTE: the experimental ''ArtificialBiosphere'' is not a true ''Biosphere'' and thus is not a subtype. NOTE: this is for an Earth 'biosphere'. If life is detected on other planets, a parent type can be added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biosphere' in WordNet: 1. biosphere - (the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist)`
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value Living^c isaProperPartOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c isTheLocationOf^op value LifeForm^c hasProperPart^op value Habitat^c

Biotite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biotite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biotite' in WordNet: 1. biotite - (dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock)`
Super-classes	Mica^c

Bipartisan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bipartisan

Description

''Bipartisan'' is used mostly for legislation having significant levels of support from both of the main political parties - in the US, both republicans and Democrats.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bipartisan' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) bipartisan, bipartizan, two-party, two-way - (supported by both sides; 'a two-way treaty')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Biplane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biplane

Description

CYC: The collection of all airplanes which have two primary sets of wings. Nowadays biplanes are used mostly for crop-dusting and aerobatics.

        NOTE: most airplanes have two wings; how to represent that
          the two in a biplane are stacked one on top of the other??
          @ToDoRe1519. @visual
          Use ''VerticallyOrdered''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biplane' in WordNet:
          1. biplane - (old fashioned airplane; has two wings one above the other)

Super-classes Airplane^c

Bipolar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bipolar`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bipolar' in Wordnet: 1. bipolar - (of or relating to manic depressive illness)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Birch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Birch`
Description	The substance Birch,a type of Wood, not a tree. For the tree, use ''BirchTree''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birch' in Wordnet: 1. birch - (hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood)`
Super-classes	Wood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BirchTree^c

BirchBark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirchBark`
Description	''BirchBark'' is the ''BarkTissue'' that is produced by and covers the outside of a ''BirchTree'. `Oddly, there is no sense of 'birch bark' in WordNet - that term is used only for the canoe made of ''BirchBark'', although there are other barks in Wordnet. In WN only the canoe: 1. birchbark canoe, birchbark, birch bark - (a canoe made with the bark of a birch tree)`
Super-classes	BarkTissue^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BirchTree^c

BirchOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirchOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	BirchTree^c

BirchTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirchTree`
Description	CYC: The collection of birch trees. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birch-tree' in Wordnet: 1. birch, birch tree - (any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark)`
Super-classes	BirchOrder^c DeciduousTree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value BirchBark^c naturallyProduces^op value Birch^c

Bird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bird`
Description	An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a specialization of #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Bird is an air-breathing, warm-blooded, winged animal covered with feathers. Members of most, but not all, species of Bird can fly. `SUMO: A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature and characterized by the presence of feathers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird' in WordNet: 1. (31) bird - (warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings)`
Super-classes	OviparousAnimal^c TerrestrialOrganism^c AirBreathingVertebrate^c Homeotherm^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	Songbird^c GallinaceousBird^c Cuckoo^c ApodiformBird^c Robin^c FlightlessBird^c CorvineBird^c GameBird^c BirdOfPrey^c Cock^c PasseriformBird^c Swallow^c Woodpecker^c Crane^c Stork^c AquaticBird^c Chick^c Phoenix^c StateBird^c MallardDuck^c Pigeon^c PiciformBird^c CoraciformBird^c ShoreBird^c Parrot^c

BirdBath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdBath`
Description	A ''BirdBath'' is a bowl-shaped artifact ''Basin'' usually on a pedestal a few feet off the ground, designed for the use of birds for them to take a 'bath' and/or drink some water. Typically located in the yard of a residence.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birdbath' in WordNet: 1. (1) birdbath - (an ornamental basin (usually in a garden) for birds to bathe in)`
Super-classes	LiquidContainer^c OpenTopContainer^c NonPoweredDevice^c Basin^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Bird^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 20.0^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value AnimalBathing^c

BirdBill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdBill`
Description	In Cyc called 'Bill-Birds'. `Cyc: The collection of all bills (or 'beaks') belonging to #$Birds. An individual #$Bill-Birds is a hard structure, which contains the #$Mouth and the #$Nostrils. For the similar structure of a #$Turtle see #$Beak. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'beak' and sense 7 of 'bill' in WordNet: 2. (1) beak, bill, neb, nib, pecker - (horny projecting mouth of a bird)`
Super-classes	Beak^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Bird^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Bird^c
Sub-classes	CurvedBirdBill^c

BirdClaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdClaw`
Description	This is the whole foot of a Bird.. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'claw' in WordNet: 4. claw - (a bird's foot)`
Super-classes	Foot^c Claw^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Bird^c
Sub-classes	Talon^c

BirdFeeder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdFeeder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird feeder' in WordNet: 1. bird feeder, birdfeeder, feeder - (an outdoor device that supplies food for wild birds)`
Super-classes	AnimalFeeder^c OutdoorObject^c ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Yard-BuildingGrounds^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Bird^c isDesignedToContain^op value BirdSeed^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value FeedingBirds^c

BirdFlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdFlight`
Description	The ''Flying'' that is performed by a ''Bird''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fly' and noun sense 2 of 'flight' in WordNet: 1. (33) fly, wing - (travel through the air; be airborne; 'Man cannot fly') WN noun 'flight': 2. (6) flight, flying - (an instance of traveling by air; 'flying was still an exciting adventure for him')`
Super-classes	OutdoorActivity^c FlyingWithWings^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Bird^c

BirdFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdFood`
Description	CYC: The collection of all bird food. NOTE: ''Birdseed'' is a subtype. is 'suet' a bird food?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird food' in WordNet: 1. bird feed, bird food, birdseed - (food given to birds; usually mixed seeds)`
Super-classes	AnimalFood^c Food^c
Sub-classes	BirdSeed^c

BirdHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdHouse`
Description	A shelter for birds built by people, not an ''AnimalArtifact''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birdhouse' in WordNet: 1. (1) birdhouse - (a shelter for birds)`
Super-classes	ShelterConstruction^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c hasThingProtected^op value Bird^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Bird^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Nesting^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 70.0^c

BirdOfPrey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdOfPrey`
Description	CYC: The collection of all raptors, commonly known as #$Birds of prey. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird of prey' in WordNet: 1. bird of prey, raptor, raptorial bird - (any of numerous carnivorous birds that hunt and kill other animals)`
Super-classes	Bird^c Predator^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Talon^c
Sub-classes	Owl^c FalconiformOrder^c Vulture^c Hawk^c Eagle^c

BirdSeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdSeed`
Description	''BirdSeed'' is an ArtifactSubstance created by collecting seeds of various types (sorted or not) and packging it for sale to people who want to feed birds, domestic or wild. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird seed' in WordNet: 1. bird feed, bird food, birdseed - (food given to birds; usually mixed seeds)`
Super-classes	BirdFood^c
Restrictions	isForTheUseOf^op value Bird^c

BirdSong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdSong

Description

''BirdSong'' is the vocalizing of a 'Bird'' that has a musical quality, consisting of more than one note ('chirp').

       Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'sing' and part of noun sense 1 of
         'birdsong' in WordNet:
         3. (3) sing - (to make melodious sounds; 'The nightingale was singing')
        WN noun 'birdsong'
          1. birdcall, call, birdsong, song - (the characteristic sound produced by a bird;
            'a bird will not learn its song unless it hears it at an early age')

Super-classes Music^c
Singing^c

BirdTail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdTail`
Description	A ''BirdTail'' is a ''Tail'' consisting of ''Feather''s, that form the rear part of a ''Bird'', important in maneuvering while flying.
Super-classes	GroupOfFeathers^c Tail^c
Restrictions	mayBeaBodyPartOf^op value Bird^c
Sub-classes	PeacockTail^c

BirdType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdType`
Description	BirdType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for a ''Bird'' in its aspect as an animal
Super-classes	BeastType^c
Members	MallardDuck HomingPigeon Macaw Phasianid GoldFinch Warbler OscineBird Cockatiel GameBird Woodpecker Toucan Kiwi Blackbird Coot Condor Dove Peafowl GallinaceousBird Titmouse Stork Pheasant NorthernOriole Penguin Parakeet Seabird FalconiformOrder Mockingbird Flamingo ApodiformBird AquaticBird Robin Vulture Emu Hawk Ostrich Plover Flycatcher Chick Duck WadingBird Pigeon Cockatoo BirdOfPrey Falcon Chickadee Oriole Egret CardinalBird CoraciformBird Parrot Kite-Hawk Budgerigar Eagle Songbird Heron Swallow Puffin Grackle Kingfisher Duckling PeregrineFalcon Cuckoo BaldEagle Hummingbird GoldenEagle PiciformBird Crane Peacock Owl FlightlessBird CorvineBird ShoreBird WeaverFinch Rail Pelican Ibis Cock BaltimoreOriole PasseriformBird Osprey StateBird

BirdWatcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdWatcher`
Description	A ''BirdWatcher'' is a ''Hobbyist'' who likes to go where s/he can see birds, especially in the wild. Dedicated ''BirdWatcher''s may keep a 'life list' of birds they have seen in the wild, and may travel great distances to see species they have not yet seen. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bird watcher' in WordNet: 2. bird watcher, birder - (a person who identifies and studies birds in their natural habitats)`
Super-classes	Hobbyist^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BirdWatching^c

BirdWatching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdWatching`
Description	''BirdWatching'' `CYC: This is the collection of observings of birds for recreational purposes. Thus, it is not simply casual noticing of birds, but deliberate observation. #$BirdWatching usually includes an attempt to identify the species and sex of the birds, observe their behavior, and sometimes count the number of individuals. Often called 'birding' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird watching' in WordNet: 1. bird, birdwatch - (watch and study birds in their natural habitat)`
Super-classes	RecreationalActivity^c OutdoorActivity^c PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c Looking^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObserved^op some BirdType^c isPerformedBy^op value BirdWatcher^c

BirdsEgg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirdsEgg`
Description	An Egg complete with shell, laid by a bird of any kind, and having been expelled from the bird's body.
Super-classes	Egg^c
Restrictions	hasInternalPart^op value EggWhite^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Bird^c hasInternalPart^op value Yolk^c hasShape^op value EggShaped^c hasSurfacePart^op value EggShell^c
Sub-classes	HensEgg^c

BirthCertificate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthCertificate

Description

A certificate specifying the place of birth of a person, the parents, and the date of birth; also, an official copy of the original certificate is included in this category.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birth certificate' in WordNet:
       1. birth certificate - (a copy of the official document giving details of a person's birth)

Super-classes LegalDocument^c
IDDocument^c
CertificateDocument^c

BirthControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthControl`
Description	''BirthControl'' is a ''Preventing'' Action consisting of one or (usually) more Actions in which some ''ContraceptiveDevice'' or BirthControlDrug or other method is used to prevent a woman from ''BecomingPregnant'' during ''HumanSexualIntercourse''. `NOTE that 'family planning' is not used here as a synonym because that term could be used to include the intentional getting pregnant at some point in a couple's lifetime, interspersed with actions to prevent getting pregnant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birth control' in WordNet: 1. (12) birth control, birth prevention, family planning - (limiting the number of children born)`
Super-classes	Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value BecomingPregnant^c
Sub-classes	Contraception^c

BirthDate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthDate`
Description	A ''BirthDate'' is the ''CalendarDate'' when some Animal was born. `Each ''BirthDay'' is an anniversary of this date. This includes animals other than people. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'birthday' in WordNet: 2. (1) birthday, natal day - (the date on which a person was born)`
Super-classes	CalendarDate^c
Restrictions	isTheTimeOfEvent^op some BirthEvent^c

BirthDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthDay`
Description	A calendar Day (date, month and day) which coincides with the DayOfTheYear that marks some integer number of years since a BirthEvent. This includes birthdays for dead people (e.g. 'Beethoven's birthday'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birthday' in WordNet: 1. (8) birthday - (an anniversary of the day on which a person was born (or the celebration of it))`
Super-classes	AnniversaryDay^c
Restrictions	isanAnniversaryOf^op some BirthEvent^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeethovensBirthDay

BirthDefect^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthDefect

Description

A ''BirthDefect'' is a ''BodyPartDysfunction'' that is a ''CongenitalCondition'', present at birth.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birth defect' in WordNet:
        1. birth defect, congenital anomaly, congenital defect,
          congenital disorder, congenital abnormality -
          (a defect that is present at birth)

Super-classes BodyPartDysfunction^c
CongenitalCondition^c

BirthEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthEvent`
Description	This is for the event of birth of any animal that delivers from a womb. For the Human childbearing Event, use subtype ''Childbirth''. NOTE that a single ''BirthEvent'' can produce more than one ''Animal''. Of humans,it can produce twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets, sextuplet. Of non-human animals it can produce a litter. This type includes both 'being born' (from the perspective of the baby - sense 2 of 'birth') and 'giving birth' from the perspective of the mother. The 'giving birth' perspective is represented as the subtype ''LiveBirthEvent''. This can be divided more precisely into its subevents. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'birth' and verb sense 2 of 'bear' in WordNet: 2. (2) birth, nativity, nascency, nascence - (the event of being born; 'they celebrated the birth of their first child') 3. (1) parturition, birth, giving birth, birthing - (the process of giving birth) WN verb 'bear': 2. (17) give birth, deliver, bear, birth, have - (cause to be born; 'My wife had twins yesterday!')
Super-classes	EmittingAnObject^c BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value Lifetime^c occurredWithinTimeInterval^op value BirthDate^c typicallyFinishes^op value Pregnancy^c hasSubEvent^op value LiveBirthEvent^c hadNewborn^op some Animal^c hadMother^op some FemaleAnimal^c
Sub-classes	LaborProcess^c LiveBirthEvent^c Hatching^c Childbirth^c TwinBirthEvent^c
In range of	wasTheMotherIn^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBirthOfBeethoven

BirthMother^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthMother`
Description	The BirthMother is the female person that carried another person in her womb during gestation and up to birth, whether or not the BirthMother had any part of its genetic material transferred to the baby. Most BirthMothers are biological parents in the usual sense, but in a case where an egg fertilized in vitro is tranferred for gestation into the womb of a woman who did not contribute the ovum to the fertilization process, the BirthMother may have no (close) bioogical relation to the baby she carries. `Implies a BirthEvent Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mother' in WordNet: 1. (100) mother, female parent - (a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother); 'the mother of three children')`
Super-classes	Mother^c BiologicalRelation^c
Restrictions	wasTheMotherIn^op some BirthEvent^c
In domain of	wasTheMotherIn^op

BirthRate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthRate

Description

''BirthRate'' is a measure of the number of offspring that some group of animals produces per unit time, usually annually.

       More inclusive (for any type of animal) than noun sense 1 of 'birthrate' in WordNet:
         1. birthrate, birth rate, fertility, fertility rate, natality -
            (the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area;
            expressed per 1000 population per year)

Super-classes RateMeasure^c

BirthTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthTime`
Description	'BirthTime' is the TimeInterval within which something was created (i.e. the fabrication process was completed), or some animal was born, or some plant germinated from seed or otherwise started its separate existence (e.g. by budding or fission). Because the exact instant may not be known precisely, a 'BirthTime' means that the thing started existing at some time within that interval. `This is just a subtype of 'TimeInterval', but assertions using 'BirthTime' cane be used to search for births of things as significant events, by keeping a list of all instances of 'BirthTime'.`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	CreationDate^c
In range of	hasBirthTime^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date19420317

BirthdayCake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthdayCake`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$BirthdayCakes. These are cakes served in honor of soomeone's birthday. They are often elaborately decorated, and may have a birthday message written on them in frosting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birthday cake' in WordNet: 1. birthday cake - (decorated cake served at a birthday party)`
Super-classes	Cake^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BirthdayCelebration^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Decorated^c

BirthdayCandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthdayCandle`
Description	A ''BirthdayCandle'' is a ''SmallCandle'' that is designed to be inserted in a ''BirthdayCake'' and burn for a short time while a birthday song is sung at a ''BirthdayCelebration''. Candles of the same size are used in small menorahs during home ''HannukahObservance's.
Super-classes	SmallCandle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BirthdayCelebration^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c functionsTogetherWith^op some (BirthdayCake^c or Menorah^c)
Sub-classes	LightedBirthdayCandle^c

BirthdayCelebration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BirthdayCelebration`
Description	A Ceremony in which people gather to celebrate the anniversary of someone's birth, and usually congratulate the person whose birthday is being celebrated, wish them well, and may give presents, or even sing 'Happy Birthday'. The person whose birth is being celebrated does not have to be present at the ceremony, but usually is. The ceremony does not have to fall on the exact date of a person's birth, but is usually within a week of the actual anniversary. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birthday party' in WordNet: 1. birthday party - (a party held on the anniversary of someone's birth)`
Super-classes	Ceremony^c Party^c CommemorationEvent^c
Restrictions	commemorates^op value BirthDay^c hadHonoree^op some Person^c

Birthmark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Birthmark`
Description	A ''Birthmark'' is a ''Blemish'' on the Skin of a Person that was present at birth and lasts more than a year. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birthmark' in WordNet: 1. birthmark, nevus - (a blemish on the skin that is formed before birth)`
Super-classes	Blemish^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Skin^c

Biscuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biscuit`
Description	A ''Biscuit'' is a single hand-sized piece of ''BreadObject'' consisting of baked bread, in a size that can be held in one hand and is usually entirely eaten in a few bites. `NOTE that a ''Cracker'' is a subtype of ''Biscuit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biscuit' in Wordnet: 1. (4) biscuit - (small round bread leavened with baking-powder or soda)`
Super-classes	BreadObject^c FlourBasedObject^c BakedFoodObject^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c
Sub-classes	Pretzel^c Scone^c ShortcakeBiscuit^c

Bisexual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bisexual`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bisexual' in Wordnet: 1. bisexual - (sexually attracted to both sexes)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Bishop-ChessPiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bishop-ChessPiece

Description

Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess bishop.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bishop' in WordNet:
         3. bishop - ((chess) a piece that can be moved diagonally over 
            unoccupied squares of the same color)

Super-classes ChessPiece^c

Bishop-Clerical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bishop-Clerical`
Description	CYC: The collection of all bishops, which are christian #$Clerics, usually male, who are mostly senior leaders within hierarchically organized church denominations such as the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Lutheran, Anglican or Episcopalian churches. Every Christian bishop is consecrated by one or more other bishops, in a chain of consecrations in direct 'apostolic succession' from #$JesusChrist. Some bishops in this succession are 'wandering bishops' (episcopes vagrantes) not associated with organized churches. In mediaeval times, some countries were ruled by bishops. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bishop' in WordNet: 1. (6) bishop - (a clergyman having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve apostles of Christ)`
Super-classes	Priest^c
Sub-classes	Pope^c CatholicCardinal^c Archbishop^c

Bismuth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bismuth

Description

CYC: BismuthStuff. A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of bismuth; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bismuth' in WordNet:
          1. bismuth, Bi, atomic number 83 - 
             (a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element
             (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered
             as a by-product from ores of other metals)

Super-classes Mineral^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

BisqueColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BisqueColor`
Description
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	YellowishGray-Color^c

Bit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bit

Description

One Bit of information. Often rerpesented as a one or a zero. The unit of this measure is 'bits'

    Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'bit in WordNet:
      6. bit - (a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); 
         the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states; 
         'there are 8 bits in a byte')

Super-classes BinaryInformationMeasure^c

Bitch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bitch

Description

A female Canine.

      Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bitch' in WordNet:
        4. bitch - (female of any member of the dog family)

Super-classes Canine^c
FemaleAnimal^c

Bite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bite`
Description	An injury to the skin or mucous membrane, producing a rupture in those tissues, which is caused by an animal biting the skin using teeth or fangs. This includes snake bites, but not ''BeeSting''s or ''FleaBite''s (see ''ArthropodBite'').. `NOTE that there is no object-like 'injury' or 'wound' in Wordnet. This is an ''Object'' for purposes of phrases like 'show me your wound'. Corresponds to part (the object where the bite has pierced the flesh - for the resulting condition see ''BiteOrSting'') of noun sense 1 of 'bite' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bite - (a wound resulting from biting by an animal or a person)`
Super-classes	Wound^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value Puncture^c hasPart^op value Puncture^c isProducedByEventType^op value BitingWithTeeth^c isLocatedAt^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Nip^c

BiteOrNipType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiteOrNipType`
Description	Each instance of ''BiteOrNipType'' is a type of wound (an Object) that is inflicted by 'biting'or 'nipping' (with teeth).
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c

BiteOrSting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BiteOrSting

Description

The condition caused by the ''Bite'' of any animal, whether from a Spider or ''Bee'' (more like a sting), or dog or person - if the wound condition persists any measurable length of time.

      Corresponds to part (situation, not object)  of noun sense 1 of 'bite' in WordNet:
        1. (1) bite - (a wound resulting from biting by an animal or a person)

Super-classes AilmentCondition^c

Biting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Biting`
Description	'Biting' in COSMO is very general, including 'biting' by insects, including mosquitos, which actually inject the proboscis rather than pinching the skin with pincers (this corresponds to the Wordnet sense 'with or as if with the teeth'); also snakes biting to inject venom is included. For The most common use of 'Biting' involving the coming-together of upper and lower teeth into the thing bitten use ''BitingWithTeeth''. Often the thing bitten is some kind of food that requires chewing, but it can also be the mailman's ankle, bitten by the dog. A Biting does not have to break skin. This is more general than the SUMO definition: SUMO: Any instance of Grabbing where the instrument is the Mouth of the agent. A subtype e.g. 'BitingWithTeethOrFangs' could be defined if needed. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'bite' in WordNet: 1. (12) bite, seize with teeth - (to grip, cut off, or tear with or as if with the teeth or jaws; 'Gunny invariably tried to bite her')
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Sub-classes	BitingWithTeeth^c TickBiting^c FleaBiting^c

BitingWithTeeth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BitingWithTeeth`
Description	''BitingWithTeeth'' is the 'Biting' by animals with teeth, using the teeth (or 'fangs', a type of teeth), but not necessarily piercing the skin. This excludes 'biting' by insects such as mosquitos or ticks. This is a subevent of Eating for meats and vegetables and fruits, though not for eating puddings or cereals. A ''BitingWithTeeth'' that breaks the skin produces a ''Bite''; if it does not break the skin, it produces a ''Nip'' The most common type of ''BitingWithTeeth'' is the coming-together of upper and lower teeth into the thing bitten: usually the thing bitten is some kind of food that requires chewing, but it can also be the mailman's ankle, bitten by the dog. A Biting does not have to break skin. @ToDo: if no need to specify where (on whom) the bite is, just specify 'bite' or 'Nip', instances of the 'BiteOrNipType' class?. This is approximately the same as the SUMO definition: SUMO: Any instance of Grabbing where the instrument is the Mouth of the agent. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'bite' in WordNet: 1. (12) bite, seize with teeth - (to grip, cut off, or tear with or as if with the teeth or jaws; 'Gunny invariably tried to bite her')
Super-classes	Biting^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (Bite^c or Nip^c or BiteOrNipType^c)
Sub-classes	Nibbling^c

BitsPerSecond^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BitsPerSecond

Description

The measurement of the speed of data transfer in a communications system.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bits per second' in WordNet:
       1. bits per second, bps - ((computer science) the rate at which data is transferred 
            (as by a modem))

Super-classes Frequency^c
RateMeasure^c

Bitter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bitter

Description

An AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing Bitterness, an intense form of Resentment. For the taste 'bitter' use 'BitterTasting'.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'bitter' in WordNet, 
        applying to people, not to events like arguments:
        1. (12) acrimonious, bitter - (marked by strong resentment or cynicism;
           'an acrimonious dispute'; 'bitter about the divorce')

Super-classes Resentful^c

BitterTasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BitterTasting`
Description	COSMO note: in CYC 'BitterTaste' is a type of object, different from the use of 'Bitter' as an attribute in COSMO. `Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'bitter' in WordNet: 6. bitter - (one of the four basic taste sensations; sharp and disagreeable; like the taste of quinine)`
Super-classes	TasteAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Semisweet^c

Bitterly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bitterly

Description

''Bitterly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Agent that performed the action described was '''Bitter''. and exhibited ''Bitterness''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'bitterly' in WordNet:
         1. (3) bitterly, with bitterness - (in a resentful manner; 'she complained bitterly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Bitterness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bitterness`
Description	A strong Feeling of resentment toward another Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bitterness' in WordNet: 1. (7) resentment, bitterness, gall, rancor, rancour - (a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will)`
Super-classes	Resentment^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Bitter^c

Bittersweet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bittersweet

Description

''Bittersweet'' is the attribute of situations, thoughts, and observations that evoke some degree of sadness along with pleasingly sweet feelings.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bittersweet' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) bittersweet - (tinged with sadness; 'a movie with a bittersweet ending')

Super-classes SweetlyPleasant^c
Sad^c

BituminousCoal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BituminousCoal

Description

''BituminousCoal'' is a form of ''Coal'' that has more organic material other than pure carbon than does ''Anthracite''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bituminous coal' in WordNet:
          1. bituminous coal, soft coal - (rich in tarry hydrocarbons;
                burns readily with a smoky yellow flame)

Super-classes Coal^c

Bivalve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bivalve`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bivalve' in WordNet: 1. bivalve, pelecypod, lamellibranch - (marine or freshwater mollusks having a soft body with platelike gills enclosed within two shells hinged together)`
Super-classes	Mollusk^c
Sub-classes	Clam^c

Bizarre^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bizarre

Description

''Bizarre'' is an attribute Objects and behaviors, or combinations of properties and/or behaviors, that are highly unusual, rarely or never before encountered , and elicit surprise combined with positive or negative impressions.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bizarre' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) bizarre, eccentric, freakish, freaky, flaky, flakey, gonzo, 
              off-the-wall, outlandish, outre - (conspicuously or grossly unconventional 
              or unusual; 'restaurants of bizarre design-one like a hat,
              another like a rabbit'; 'famed for his eccentric spelling';
              'a freakish combination of styles'; 'his off-the-wall antics'; 
              'the outlandish clothes of teenagers'; 'outre and affected stage antics')
         WN adj 'offbeat':
           1. (1) far-out, kinky, offbeat, quirky, way-out -
                      (informal terms; strikingly unconventional)

Super-classes HighlyUnusual^c
FrequencyAttributeValue^c
Exotic^c

Blabbermouth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blabbermouth`
Description	A ''Blabbermouth'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who tends to tell tales about other that should be kept confidential. This is a ''Snitch'' who performs more than one act of ''Snitching'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blabbermouth' in WordNet: 1. tattletale, tattler, taleteller, talebearer, telltale, blabbermouth - (someone who gossips indiscreetly)`
Super-classes	Gossiper^c Snitch^c Loudmouth^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SpillingTheBeans^c

Black^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Black`
Description	The color black, as an attribute. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'black' in WordNet: 1. (56) black - (being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light; 'black leather jackets'; 'as black as coal'; 'rich black soil')`
Super-classes	Blackish^c AchromaticColor^c
Sub-classes	ReddishBlack-Color^c BlackishRed-Color^c BlackishBlue-Color^c GreenishBlack-Color^c PitchBlack^c BlackishGreen-Color^c BrownishBlack-Color^c BlackishPurple-Color^c

BlackAndWhite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackAndWhite

Description

An Attribute of a surface that is partly colored ''Black'' and partly ''White''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'black-and-white' in Wordnet:
          1. black-and-white - (lacking hue or shades of grey; part white and part black; 
             'a black-and-white cow'; 'black-and-white blooms'; 'black-and-white stripes')

Super-classes PartlyBlack^c
PartlyWhite^c
TwoToned^c

BlackBear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackBear

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'black bear' in WordNet:
         2. American black bear, black bear, Ursus americanus, Euarctos americanus -
         (brown to black North American bear; smaller and less ferocious than the brown bear)

Super-classes Bear^c

BlackFootedFerret^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackFootedFerret

Description

A wild species in the Weasel Family (#$Mustelidae), native to #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica. The #$BlackFootedFerret inhabits the Great Plains and is now extremely rare. Its range nearly coincides with that of prairie dogs, which constitute most of its diet. It is often found in prairie dog burrows.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'black-footed ferret' in WordNet:
          1. black-footed ferret, ferret, Mustela nigripes - (musteline mammal
              of prairie regions of United States; nearly extinct)

Super-classes Mustelidae^c

BlackForestCake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackForestCake`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$BlackForestCakes, which are chocolate cakes, usually containing cherry liqueur or #$Rum and cherries, and frosted with whipped icing.
Super-classes	ChocolateCake^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value AlcoholicBeverage^c

BlackHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackHair`
Description	NOTE: this is a quantity of black hair, an object, not an attribute or substance. `NOTE: Using 'ColorAttributeType' as a type for this may be contradictory.`
Super-classes	ColoredThing^c HairOnHead-Human^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value BlackishBlue-Color^c

BlackLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackLight`
Description	''BlackLight'' is a type of ''Light'' producing ElectromagneticRadiation that is outside the 'visible' spectrum but not of such high frequency as to qualify as 'X-ray' or 'gamma ray'' light, nor of such low frequency as to qualify as 'radio waves'. This is most frequently used of 'Ultraviolet light' that is used to make certain objects (such as some minerals) luminesce,a phenomenon that can be used for detecting some substances. `@ToDo: NOTE: in COSMO ''Light'' is a form of energy, produced by an ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' these relations are not clear and need to be elaborated. RHW 'black light': invisible infrared or ultraviolet light.`
Super-classes	Light^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Invisible^c
Sub-classes	UltravioletRadiation^c InfraredRadiation^c

BlackList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackList`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blacklist' in WordNet: 1. blacklist, black book, shitlist - (a list of people who are out of favor)`
Super-classes	ListOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PersonaNonGrata^c

BlackListing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackListing`
Description	In each instance of 'BlackListing', some agent is added to a ''BlackList''. `NOTE: the restriction states that a ''BlackList'' is modified by this Action,which is usually an addition to a list. But a BlackList could also be created by this action. As of rev1635 there is no axiom stating that 'modifying' could not also be a 'creating'. At some point that might be changed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blacklist' in WordNet: 1. blacklist - (put on a blacklist so as to banish or cause to be boycotted; 'many books were blacklisted by the Nazis')`
Super-classes	Listing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some BlackList^c

BlackRat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackRat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'black rat' in WordNet: 1. black rat, roof rat, Rattus rattus - (common household pest originally from Asia that has spread worldwide)`
Super-classes	Pest^c Rat^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Black^c

BlackShoePolish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackShoePolish`
Description	''BlackShoePolish'' is a ''ShoePolish'' that has a dark black color. For shoe polish that is not black, use the parent type ''ShoePolish''. `Corresponds to part (for black shoe polish) of noun sense 1 of 'shoe polish' in Wordnet: 1. shoe polish, blacking - (a substance used to produce a shiny protective surface on footwear)`
Super-classes	ShoePolish^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Black^c

BlackWidow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackWidow

Description

The Black Widow spider - Small but poisonous.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'black widow' in Wordnet:
         1. black widow, Latrodectus mactans - (venomous New World spider; 
           the female is black with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the underside of the abdomen)

Super-classes SpiderHarmfulToHumans^c

BlackballingaCandidate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackballingaCandidate

Description

''BlackballingaCandidate'' is a ''VotingAgainstSomething'' in which some individual or Group votes against admission of a Person to a Group. The Person 'blackballed' is one who is not yet a member of the Group. FOr expelling a member of a Group, use ''Banishing''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 and part of verb sense 1 of 'blackball' in WordNet:
           1. barring, blackball - (the act of excluding someone by a negative vote or veto)
       WN verb 'blackball':
         1. banish, ban, ostracize, ostracise, shun, cast out, blackball -
            (expel from a community or group)
       WN verb 'ban':
         3. banish, ban - (ban from a place of residence, as for punishment)

Super-classes VotingAgainstSomething^c

Blackberry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackberry`
Description	A ''Blackberry'' is a small Berry consisting of multiple small parts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackberry' in Wordnet: 1. (2) blackberry - (large sweet black or very dark purple edible aggregate fruit of any of various bushes of the genus Rubus)`
Super-classes	Berry^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value BlackberryBush^c

BlackberryBush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackberryBush`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackberry bush' in WordNet: 1. blackberry, blackberry bush - (bramble with sweet edible black or dark purple berries that usually do not separate from the receptacle)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c Bush^c
Restrictions	bearsFruitType^op value Blackberry^c

Blackbird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackbird`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackbird' in WordNet: 1. New World blackbird, blackbird - (any bird of the family Icteridae whose male is black or predominantly black)`
Super-classes	Oriole^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Black^c
Sub-classes	Crow^c Grackle^c Raven^c

Blackboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackboard`
Description	A ''Blackboard'' is a 'Board' of ''Slate'' or some similar substance suitable for writing on with a piece of chalk. This does not not include 'Whiteboard''s written on with felt pens, a separate type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackboard' in Wordnet: 1. (2) blackboard, chalkboard - (sheet of slate; for writing with chalk)`
Super-classes	Board^c DisplayDevice^c WorkSurface^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Slate^c enablesOrAssists^op value Writing^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Room^c isUsedInAction^op value Presentation^c

Blackened^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackened`
Description	`Includes but is braoder than (includes charring by fire) adjective sense 1 of 'blackened' in Wordnet: 1. (2) blackened - (darkened by smoke; 'blackened rafters')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Blackish^c
Sub-classes	Charred^c

Blackening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackening`
Description	A ''Blackening'' is a 'ColorChange' causing the value of the ColorType for some particular PhysicalObject to become ''Blackish''. `A ''Blackening'' of a surface by superficial heating is the subtype ''Charring''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blacken' in WordNet: 1. (2) blacken, melanize, melanise, nigrify, black - (make or become black; 'The smoke blackened the ceiling'; 'The ceiling blackened')`
Super-classes	Darkening^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Blackened^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Blackish^c

Blackish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackish`
Description	The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$BlackColor. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blackish' in WordNet: 1. blackish - (of something that is somewhat black; 'blackish clouds')`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	Blackened^c Black^c

BlackishBlue-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackishBlue-Color`
Description
Super-classes	IndigoColor^c Black^c NavyColor^c SlateColor^c
Restrictions	isTheColorOf^op value BlackHair^c

BlackishGreen-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackishGreen-Color`
Description
Super-classes	Black^c

BlackishPurple-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackishPurple-Color`
Description
Super-classes	NavyColor^c Black^c

BlackishRed-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlackishRed-Color`
Description
Super-classes	Black^c

Blackmail^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackmail

Description

A specialization of #$Extortion. Each instance of this collection is an event in which one agent extorts another by threatening to reveal information that would harm them.

        NOTE: need a subtype of ''Threatening'' for 'thereatening to divulge
          info', in order to differentiate this from parent.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackmail' in WordNet:
          1. blackmail - (extortion of money by threats to divulge discrediting information)
        WN verb 'blackmail':
          1. blackmail, blackjack, pressure - (exert pressure on someone through threats)
          2. blackmail - (obtain through threats)

Super-classes Extortion^c

Blackness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackness' in WordNet: 1. (4) black, blackness, inkiness - (the quality or state of the achromatic color of least lightness (bearing the least resemblance to white))`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Black^c

Blackout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blackout`
Description	Each ''Blackout'' is a ''LackingElectricalPower'' in some area larger than a single building. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'blackout' in WordNet: 3. blackout - (the failure of electric power for a general region)`
Super-classes	LackingElectricalPower^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value PowerFailure^c isPerformedBy^op min 2

Blacksmith^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blacksmith`
Description	A Person who produces objects made of Iron, with at least some manual effort in shaping the object (not just running a machine). Forges and shapes items on an ''Anvil''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blacksmith' in Wordnet: 1. (1) blacksmith - (a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c Smith^c
Restrictions	typicallyUsesDevice^op value Hammer^c performsAction^op value ShapingSomething^c worksWith^op value Iron^c typicallyUsesDevice^op value Anvil^c

Bladder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bladder`
Description	This sense of ''Bladder'' is generic for expandable containers that are designed (by nature or people) to hold liquids or gases, including internal body parts and artifact objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bladder' in WordNet: 1. bladder, vesica - (a distensible membranous sac (usually containing liquid or gas))`
Super-classes	Container^c FlexibleObject^c CavityWithWalls^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Distensible^c isDesignedToContain^op some (FluidObject^c or FluidObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	UrinaryBladder^c ToyBalloon^c WeatherBalloon^c

Bladder-Urinary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bladder-Urinary

Description

CYC: The collection of all urinary bladders. An individual #$Bladder-Urinary is a part of a #$UrinarySystem which stores #$Urine prior to #$Urinating.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urinary bladder' in Wordnet:
          1. urinary bladder - (a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine)

Super-classes InternalOrgan^c
Sac-Organic^c

Blade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blade`
Description	A Blade can be part of a larger CuttingDevice or, as with razor blades, be manufactured and sold by itself - and sometimes used without a holder. In COSMO the blade itself is a CuttingDevice even if it is designed to be part of a larger CuttingDevice. A Blade must be made of a hard material, though the material can be of different types: metal, glass, and possibly others. Each part of a pair of scissors is an instance of Blade. `In Cyc called 'BladeOfADevice' Cyc: The collection of blades for cutting tools, cutting devices, cutting instruments, etc. For Blades of grass, see BladeOfGrass. Corresponds to part of noun sense 9 of 'blade' (for blades on cutting devices) in WordNet: 9. blade - (the flat part of a tool or weapon that (usually) has a cutting edge)`
Super-classes	HardObject^c SharpObject^c CuttingDevice^c
Sub-classes	CurvedBlade^c ScissorsBlade^c FlatBlade^c

BladeOfGrass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BladeOfGrass

Description

One spear-like shoot of any grass-like plant. This is not the technical 'grass', but the common lawn variety, or some plant similar to that in growth habit, i.e. having its broad leaves growing directly from near the ground, with no other conspicuous visible structures..

      This is more specialized than sense 1 in WordNet, which 
      apparently includes leaf parts other than that of 
      ordinary grass:
     in WordNet:
       1. (4) blade, leaf blade - (especially a leaf of grass or
        the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole)

Super-classes Leaf^c

BladedWeapon-NonProjectile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BladedWeapon-NonProjectile`
Description	CYC: The collection of all hand held #$Weapons with blades (see #$BladeOfADevice). This includes as subsets #$Swords, #$Daggers, and bayonets. Weapons such as the knives attached to the wheels of Ben Hur's opponent's chariot are not included in this collection because they are not hand held. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'blade' in WordNet: 4. (1) sword, blade, brand, steel - (a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard)`
Super-classes	Sidearm^c CuttingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Blade^c
Sub-classes	Switchblade^c Sword^c Dagger^c Bayonet^c

Blahs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blahs`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blahs' in WordNet: 1. blahs - (a general feeling of boredom and dissatisfaction)`
Super-classes	Boredom^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Listless^c agentHasAttribute^op value Dissatisfied^c

BlameSituation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlameSituation

Description

Each instance of BlameSituation is a ResponsibilitySituation in which some 'IntentionalAgent' is objectively (this is not a belief) the Agent who has caused some bad ('blameworthy') past Event. To 'bear the blame' is to be in a 'BlameSituation'. If something is a Person's fault, then that something is that person's ''BlameSituation'', i.e. that person is the Agent of that ''BlameSituation''.

      There does not appear to be a WordNet sense with this meaning.  Sense
         1 of 'fault' appears close to the intended meaning:


       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fault' in Wordnet:
          1. (346) fault - (responsibility for a bad situation or event; 'it was John's fault')

Super-classes UndesirableThing^c
ResponsibilitySituation^c

Blameless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blameless

Description

''Blameless'' is an attribute of people who are innocent of any significant wrongdoing in their lives. The term is used even though everyone has made some mistakes, usually including some moral lapses.

    Is is a synonm of 'innocent'??  As in 'held him blameless' for an individual act?

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blameless' in WordNet:
        1. blameless, inculpable, irreproachable, unimpeachable -
          (free of guilt; not subject to blame; 'has lived a blameless life';
          'of irreproachable character'; 'an unimpeachable reputation')

Super-classes Innocent^c

Blameworthy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blameworthy

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is worthy of 'blaming', i.e. is a Bad thing to do.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blameworthy' in Wordnet:
           1. blameworthy, blamable, blameable, blameful, censurable, culpable -
               (deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious; 
               'blameworthy if not criminal behavior'; 'censurable misconduct'; 'culpable negligence')

Super-classes Undesirable^c

Blaming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blaming`
Description	Each Blaming is an AssigningResponsibility event in which an Agent asserts that some Agent (which could be the agent speaking) is responsible for causing some bad Event to happen. Somewhat related to ''Criticizing'' - but how? NOTE: linguistically the term 'assign responsibility' is used for this sense, but the term 'Assigning' in COSMO is restricted to assigning tasks or positions, not blame for past events. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'blame' and sense 2 of 'accuse' in WordNet: 1. (12) blame, fault - (put or pin the blame on) 3. (4) blame, charge - (attribute responsibility to; 'We blamed the accident on her'; 'The tragedy was charged to her inexperience') WN verb 'accuse: 2. charge, accuse - (blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against; 'he charged thee director with indifference')
Super-classes	AssigningResponsibility^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some BlameSituation^c
Sub-classes	Accusing^c

Blank^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blank

Description

''Blank'' is an AttributeValue of some artifact writing surface (usually a ''Page'' or part of a form) on which nothing has been written other than possible page numbers - i.e. nothing has been written by hand.
NOTE that this can be used for 'blank' spaces or pages in an Electronic document as well.

         Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'blank' in WordNet:
           1. (1) blank, clean, white - ((of a surface) not written 
             or printed on; 'blank pages'; 'fill in the blank spaces'; 
             'a clean page'; 'wide white margins')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

BlankFormField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlankFormField`
Description	Each ''BlankField''is a 'BlankSpace' in some generic ''Page'', that is also an identifiable ''PageField'' that may or may not be fillable. This can also represent the remaining ''BlankField''s that have not been filled in on a that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. "StructuredInformationBearingObject" `NOTE that the part that is 'blank' in a ''BlankField'' does not include the field label. So if a fillable field has a label (specifying what is to be filled in) as well as a blank space, the label will be part of the field, and the ''BlankField'' will be part of the field, if it has not been filled in.`
Super-classes	BlankSpace^c FormField^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Blank^c

BlankPage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlankPage`
Description	A ''BlankPage is a ''Page'' (abstract or physical)that has no writing on it, except for possible numbering or other notes at top or bottom. More specifically, it has no ''HandwrittenText''.
Super-classes	Page^c BlankSpace^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value HandwrittenText^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Blank^c
Sub-classes	BlankPhysicalPage^c

BlankPhysicalPage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlankPhysicalPage`
Description	A ''BlankPhysicalPage'' is a ''BlankPage that is a ''PhysicalPage'' that has no writing on it, except for possible numbering or other notes at top or bottom. More specifically, it has no ''HandwrittenText''.
Super-classes	BlankPage^c PhysicalPage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Blank^c lacks^op value HandwrittenText^c

BlankSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlankSpace`
Description	Each ''BlankSpace''is a 'PagePart' in some generic ''Page'', (abstract or Physical) that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. `This is added primarily in order to represent the subtype ''BlankField''s for the notion of 'filling in the blanks' whether on an AbstractDocument (as represented on a computer screen) or on a ''PhysicalPage''`
Super-classes	PagePart^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Blank^c
Sub-classes	BlankFormField^c BlankPage^c

Blanket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blanket`
Description	Cyc: A large typically rectangular piece of soft fabric, used as a bedcovering for warmth. `SUMO: A piece of Fabric whose purpose is to keep a person who is in bed warm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blanket' in WordNet: 1. (19) blanket, cover - (bedding that keeps a person warm in bed; 'he pulled the covers over his head and went to sleep')`
Super-classes	BedCover^c
Sub-classes	SecurityBlanket^c

Blaspheming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blaspheming`
Description	An instance of ''Blaspheming'' is a ''Profanity'' that is intentionally irreverant to God. `Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech - inelegant: impolite, offensive? Profanity - Profane - Profaneness Cursing - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'blaspheme' in WordNet: 2. blaspheme - (speak of in an irreverent or impious manner; 'blaspheme God')`
Super-classes	Profanity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Obscene^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c

Blatant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blatant

Description

Of an Action that has not been hidden: 'conspicuous consumption'; 'blatant disregard'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blatant' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) blatant, blazing, conspicuous - (without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious; 
           'blatant disregard of the law'; 'a blatant appeal to vanity'; 'a blazing indiscretion')

Super-classes Unconcealed^c
Obvious^c

Blatantly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blatantly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'blatantly' in Wordnet: 1. blatantly - (in a blatant manner; 'they blatantly violated the laws')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Blathering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blathering`
Description	''Blathering'' is a Speaking in which the words are insignificant and of little meaning of consequence. `RWH 'blah-blah' and 'blah-blah-blah': meaningless chatter; idle gossip: the blah-blah-blah of gossip columnists. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blather' in WordNet: 1. babble, blather, smatter, blether, blither - (to talk foolishly; 'The two women babbled and crooned at the baby')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unimportant^c

Blazer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blazer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blazer' in WordNet: 1. blazer, sport jacket, sport coat, sports jacket, sports coat - (lightweight single-breasted jacket; often striped in the colors of a club or school)`
Super-classes	Jacket^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OldFashioned^c

Bleach^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bleach

Description

A 'Bleach' is an 'AgentiveSubstance' that can cause 'Bkleaching' (reducion in the intensity of some color).

  Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'bleach' in WordNet:
     2. bleaching agent, bleach, blanching agent, whitener - (an agent that makes things white or colorless)

Super-classes AgentiveSubstance^c

Bleachers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bleachers`
Description	''Bleachers'' are ''TieredSeats'' that are located ''Outdoors'' in a large sports stadium, with no overhead protective roofing. NOTE: some stadiums have a fixed or openable roof, so the outfield seats would not be ''Bleachers'' in this sense. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bleachers' in WordNet: 1. (1) bleachers - (an outdoor grandstand without a roof; patrons are exposed to the sun as linens are when they are bleached)`
Super-classes	TieredSeats^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value GrandstandRoof^c isLocatedAt^op value Stadium^c isLocatedAt^op value Outdoors^c

Bleaching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bleaching`
Description	Each 'Bleaching' is a 'Reduction' in the intensity of some non-white Color (a 'ColorAttributeType') in an Object. NOTE: the decrease is in the color intensity, and white or Transparent colors aren't changed. These details remain (rev1121) to be represented. NOTE a 'stain' can be white and not reduced by Bleaching. In the HSL system (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV) ''Bleaching'' increases the 'lightness' (proximity to white, or percent admixture of white) in the resulting color. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 'bleach' in WordNet: 1. (1) bleach, bleach out, decolor, decolour, decolorize, decolourize, decolorise, decolourise, discolorize, discolourise, discolorise - (remove color from; 'The sun bleached the red shirt') 2. bleach - (make whiter or lighter; 'bleach the laundry')
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op some ColorAttributeType^c

Bleak^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bleak

Description

''Bleak'' is a more intensive level of ''Discouraging''; ''Bleak'' situations tend to discourage a Person from trying to do things.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bleak' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) black, bleak, dim - (offering little or no hope; 
             'the future looked black'; 'prospects were bleak';
             'Life in the Aran Islands has always been bleak and difficult'- J.M.Synge;
             'took a dim view of things')

Super-classes Discouraging^c

Bleeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bleeding`
Description	CYC: 'Bleeding-TheAction': An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$EmittingStuff. Each instance of #$Bleeding-TheAction is a #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary in which #$Blood spills from the body, usually due to a wound. The #$PhysiologicalCondition characterized by instances of #$Bleeding-TheAction is #$Bleeding-TheCondition (q.v.). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bleed' and noun sense 1 of 'bleeding' in WordNet: 1. (10) shed blood, bleed, hemorrhage - (lose blood from one's body) WN noun 'hemorrhage': 1. (4) bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage - (flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels)`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c EmittingStuff^c BloodFlow^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Blood^c
Sub-classes	Menstruating^c Nosebleed^c

Blemish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blemish`
Description	Each 'Blemish' is a 'Mark' that is considered as an undesirable imperfection in the appearance of some Object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blemish', sense 4 of'defect' and sense 2 of 'mar' in WordNet: 1. (1) blemish, defect, mar - - (a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body); 'a facial blemish')`
Super-classes	Mark^c Flaw^c
Sub-classes	ScratchOnAnObject^c Birthmark^c Stain^c Tarnish^c Scrape^c Dent^c Scuff^c ChipMark^c Smudge^c

Blend^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blend

Description

A ''Blend'' is a ''Mixture'' created for commercial purposes to achieve a taste (whikey) or quality (gasoline) or special property that is liked by customers, Expecially for Alcoholic beverages (e.g. Whiskey) and Tea and coffee but generally this is any product specially prepared as a commercial product (or sometimes for domestic use?).

     RHW: 9. a mixture or kind produced by blending: 
       a special blend of rye and wheat flours.

     No correspondingWN sense.

Super-classes Mixture^c
ProductSubstance^c

Blender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blender`
Description	CYC: The collection of electrical food processors. `CYC: 'FoodBlender'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food processor' in WordNet: 1. food processor - (a kitchen appliance with interchangeable blades; used for shredding or blending or chopping or slicing food) WN noun 'blender': 1. blender, liquidizer, liquidiser - (an electrically powered mixer with whirling blades that mix or chop or liquefy foods)`
Super-classes	FoodProcessor^c FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c
Restrictions	processes^op value Food^c

BlendingInaBlender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlendingInaBlender`
Description	''BlendingInaBlender'' is a ''ChoppingUpSomething'' using a ''Blender'' that applies blades at high speed to bth cut solid piees into very fine pieces and mix the componwnta gtogether. `CYC 'Bleding': A collection of events. In each #$Blending event, the substance involved (one or more) is stirred so vigorously that it liquefies (if it isn't already liquid) or becomes a smoother liquid. Where two or more substances are involved, the output is a mixture of all the substances that were #$inputs to the #$Blending. NoWN sense for this action.`
Super-classes	PulverizationEvent^c ChoppingUpSomething^c
Sub-classes	Pureeing^c

BlessedWith^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlessedWith

Description

''BlessedWith'' is a subattribute of ''Fortunate'' that characterizes a Person who is ''Fortunate'' (lucky) to have had some event or situation that is beneficial. This adjective has a non-traditional usage pattern; the Person who is 'blessed with' something precedes the attribute rather than following it; the thing had that constitutes the 'blessing' follows the 'with'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blessed with' in Wordnet:
         1. blessed, blessed with, endued with - (having good fortune bestowed 
           or conferred upon; sometimes used as in combination;
           'blessed with a strong healthy body'; 'a nation blessed with peace'; 
           'a peace-blessed era')

Super-classes Fortunate^c

BlessingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlessingEvent`
Description	A BlessingEvent is an Action (a type of ''Prayer'') in which a Person requests that God perform some ''Boon'' (such as protection or granting material or spiritual benefit) on a person or thing. This sense covers sense 2 of 'bless' in Random House Webster (RHW): 2. to request of God the bestowal of divine favor on: Bless this house. `WordNet sense 3 (making the sign of the cross) can be a subtype but is not separate as of rev953. It also covers verb senses 1 and 3 of 'bless' and noun sense 4 of 'blessing' in WordNet: 1. (4) bless - (give a benediction to; 'The dying man blessed his son') 3. (1) bless, sign - (make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection; consecrate) WN noun 'blessing': 4. benediction, blessing - (a ceremonial prayer invoking divine protection)`
Super-classes	Request^c LinguisticCommunication^c Praying^c ReligiousCeremony^c
Restrictions	hasThingRequested^op some Boon^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some Boon^c
Sub-classes	Anointing^c

Blest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blest`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blest' in Wordnet: 1. blessed, blest - (highly favored or fortunate (as e.g. by divine grace); 'our blessed land'; 'the blessed assurance of a steady income')`
Super-classes	Fortunate^c

Blight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blight`
Description	`. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blight' in WordNet: 2. blight - (any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting)`
Super-classes	PlantDisease^c
Sub-classes	PotatoBlight^c ChestnutBlight^c

Blimp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blimp

Description

This is for a non-rigid ''Inflatable'' airship. The CYC 'BlimpTheAirship' seems to iniclude rigid versions also.

       CYC 'BlimpTheAirship':
        #$BlimpTheAirship is a specialization of
        #$LighterThanAirCraft, #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, and
        #$Balloon.  Each instance of #$BlimpTheAirship is a
        dirigible, motorized, and lighter-than-air craft (airships).
        Each generally consists of a gas-filled gas-sack from which
        a control and passenger cabin hangs (the gas-sack may or may
        not have rigid reinforcement such as ribs).  A
        #$BlimpTheAirship flies more slowly than an #$Airplane.
        They are also called blimps, dirigibles and Zeppelins.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blimp' in WordNet:
           2. blimp, sausage balloon, sausage -
              (a small nonrigid airship used for observation or as a barrage balloon)

Super-classes AirTransportationDevice^c
HexalateralObject^c
LighterThanAirCraft^c
TransportationContainerProduct^c
TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
InflatableContainer^c

Blind^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blind

Description

The Attribute of an animal of not having the ability to see; this applies only to animals of a type that normally can see through eyes, and is therefore a subtype of ''Impaired''. Photodetection other than through eyes is not the kind of function whose lack would make an animal 'Blind'. Compare the more general 'Sightless'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blind' in WordNet:
      1. (11) blind, unsighted - (unable to see; 'a person is blind
        to the extent that he must devise alternative techniques to 
        do efficiently those things he would do with sight if he had 
        normal vision' - Kenneth Jernigan)

Super-classes Impaired^c
Sightless^c

BlindPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlindPerson`
Description	''Braille'' is a 'PhoneticWritingSystem'' designed for ''TheBlind'', based on small raised impressions on a surface (usually a piece of paper, but anywhere, such as on a plaque) that can be felt by a ''BlindPerson'' and interpreted as letters of the alphabet or numbers, allowing such people to 'read' text. ''BlindPerson''s collectively are refered to as 'the blind' (see ''TheBlind''). `There are degrees of blindness, and this term is usually used for a Person who has almost no ability to see, at least for any practical purpose of maneuvering or perforating tasks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blind person' in WordNet: 1. blind person - (a person with a severe visual impairment)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Blind^c

Blinding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blinding

Description

''Blinding'' is an attribute of objects that give off sufficient light that staring at them can cause ''Blindness'' (usually temporary).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blinding' in Wordnet:
        1. blazing, blinding, dazzling, fulgent, glaring, glary - (shining intensely; 
          'the blazing sun'; 'blinding headlights'; 'dazzling snow'; 'fulgent patterns of sunlight'; 
          'the glaring sun')

Super-classes BrilliantlyShining^c

BlindingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlindingAnAnimal`
Description	''BlindingAnAnimal'' is the Action of causing some Animal to become ''Blind''. NOTE: this includes the intransitive Event of becoming blind, which can be differentiated. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blind' in WordNet: 1. (3) blind - (render unable to see)`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Animal^c causes^op value BecomingBlind^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Blind^c hasThingLost^op value SenseOfVision^c
Sub-classes	DazzlingAnAnimal^c

Blindly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blindly`
Description	blind, unsighted Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'blindly' in Wordnet: 1. (4) blindly - (without seeing or looking; 'he felt around his desk blindly')
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Blindness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blindness`
Description	''Blindness'' is a ''VisualImpairment'' in which the ability to see is completely or almost completely gone. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blindness' in WordNet: 1. (7) blindness, sightlessness, cecity - (the state of being blind or lacking sight)`
Super-classes	VisualImpairment^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value Seeing^c isTheInabilityToPerformActionType^op value Seeing^c agentLacks^op value SenseOfVision^c hadMainParticipant^op some Animal^c

Blinking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blinking

Description

'''Blinking'' is a 'ClosingEyes'' in which both eyes are closed briely. This is often an involuntary reflex, but can be done voluntarily.

     Closing one eye voluntarily as a signal is ''Winking''.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blink' in WordNet:
          1. (11) blink, wink, nictitate, nictate - (briefly shut the eyes;
             'The TV announcer never seems to blink')

Super-classes ClosingEyes^c

Bliss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bliss`
Description	A''happiness'' more intense than ''Elation'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bliss' in WordNet: 1. bliss, blissfulness, cloud nine, seventh heaven, walking on air - (a state of extreme happiness)`
Super-classes	Elation^c
Sub-classes	Ecstasy^c EternalBliss^c

Blissful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blissful

Description

''Blissful'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''Bliss'', a very happy and care-free state, or of the state itself.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blissful' in WordNet:
         1. (1) blissful - (completely happy and contented; 
            'blissful young lovers'; 'in blissful ignorance')

Super-classes Happy^c

Blister^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blister

Description

A raised bump on the skin, often containing liquid.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blister' in WordNet:
        1. blister, bulla, bleb - ((pathology) an elevation of the skin filled with serous fluid)

Super-classes Injury-Object^c
PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c

Blitz^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blitz`
Description	This is a generic 'blitz', a sudden attack that is intended to be unexpected (a 'surprise'). The term 'blitz' is used in military conflicts (see subtype ''Blitzkrieg'') and in sports games such as ''Football-TheSport''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blitz' in WordNet: 1. blitz - (attack suddenly and without warning; 'Hitler blitzed Poland')`
Super-classes	Maneuver^c AttackOnObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c occursDuring^op some (GameEvent^c or ConflictEvent^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	FootballBlitz^c Blitzkrieg^c

Blitzkrieg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blitzkrieg`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blitzkrieg' in WordNet: 1. blitz, blitzkrieg - (a swift and violent military offensive with intensive aerial bombardment) WN verb 'blitz': 1. blitz - (attack suddenly and without warning; 'Hitler blitzed Poland')`
Super-classes	MilitaryManeuver^c Blitz^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value War^c

Blizzard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blizzard

Description

A ''Blizzard'' is a ''Snowstorm'' and a ''WindStorm'' that deposits a lot of snow. The technical requirements for wind veocity and resulting snow depth can be added if needed.

       NOTE: In wordNet 'snowstorm' and 'blizzard' are conflated in one synset, but this 
          is for a 'blizzard' that has certain requirements for a high intensity of wind and snowfall.

        Corresponds to part (for a special kind of snowstorm) of noun sense 1 of 'blizzard' in WordNet:
          1. (1) blizzard, snowstorm - (a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds)

Super-classes WindStorm^c
Snowstorm^c

Blob^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blob`
Description	A ''Blob'' is an ''AmorphousShape'' that is relatively compact, but does not appear like any familiar Object and may change shape frequently. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blob' in WordNet: 1. (2) blob - (an indistinct shapeless form)`
Super-classes	AmorphousShape^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Amorphous^c

BlocOfNations^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlocOfNations`
Description	A ''BlocOfNations'' is a ''Coalition' that may or may not be a formal ''Alliance'' but differs in that it is usually formed for some specific purpose other than defense from potential threats. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloc' in WordNet: 1. (1) bloc, axis - (a group of countries in special alliance)`
Super-classes	Coalition^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Country^c

Block^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Block`
Description	A specialization of both #$SolidTangibleThing and #$RectangularParallelepiped. This is the collection of solid tangible block-shaped object. Specializations include #$Brick, #$IceCube, and #$ToyBlock. `If the length to width ratio in any two dimensions gets too high ( greater than 4), it is no longer thought of as a block - perhaps a slab, board, or a beam (see parent 'BoardOrBlock'). Limits not yet specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'block' in WordNet: 1. (31) block - (a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides); 'the pyramids were built with large stone blocks')`
Super-classes	BoardOrBlock^c Bar-Object^c
Sub-classes	Brick^c Anvil^c Chock^c Domino^c BarOfStuff^c IceCube^c SugarCube^c Slab^c

BlockWall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockWall`
Description	This is an exterior vertical wall made up of multiple ''Block''s (including ''Brick''s, shaped stones, or cement blocks). This can be free-standing, like a ''SurroundingWall'' or contacting something on one side, like a 'retaining wall', or part of a structure, but it is made of Brick and may have the top part mostly exposed to the atmosphere.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c WallOrPost^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c
Restrictions	hasMainPhysicalPart^op value Block^c
Sub-classes	RetainingWall^c

Blockade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blockade`
Description	A ''Blockade'' is a ''MilitaryEngagement'' in which, as part of the engagement, the attacking forces surround some fortified position or city so as to prevent movement into or out of the area under siege, which may lead to surrender when the resources (e.g. food) of the defending forces become too small for further resistance. `For more active engagement while surrounding an area, use subtype ''Siege''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blockade' in WordNet: 1. (8) blockade, encirclement - (a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy) WN verb 'blockade': 4. blockade, seal off - (impose a blockade on)`
Super-classes	MilitaryEngagement^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value EncirclingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Siege^c

Blockage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blockage`
Description	This ''Blockage'' is for conditions in which some ''BodyPassageway'' is obstructed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blockage' in WordNet: 1. obstruction, blockage - (the state or condition of being obstructed)`
Super-classes	Stoppage^c PhysiologicalCondition^c DysfunctionalCondition^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value PhysiologicalFunction^c occursAt^op value BodyPassageway^c isPerformedBy^op value BarrierObject^c

Blockbuster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blockbuster`
Description	A 'Blockbuster' is a ''BigSuccess'' that achieves substantially more popularity or audience than an average ''BigSuccess'' in its category. RHW noun 'smash hit': a person or thing that is overwhelmingly successful or popular: Both the play and the movie based on it were smash hits. RHW noun 'blockbuster' 2. a motion picture, novel, etc., esp. one lavishly produced, that has or is expected to have wide popular appeal or financial success. 3. something or someone that is forcefully or overwhelmingly impressive, effective, or influential: The campaign was a blockbuster. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blockbuster' in WordNet: 2. blockbuster, megahit, smash hit - (an unusually successful hit with widespread popularity and huge sales (especially a movie or play or recording or novel))
Super-classes	BigSuccess^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OverwhelminglySuccessful^c

Blocker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blocker`
Description	This sense of ''Blocker'' is for ''DrugSubstance''e that work by 'blocking' some physiological process. A ''blocker does not necessarily block an ''EnzymaticReaction'', though some do. It can also work by inhibing the binding of some substance to a 'receptor' on the surface of some cell, which can have various physiological effects. A common drug called a 'blocker' is a ''BetaBlocker''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'blocker' in Wordnet: 2. blocker, blocking agent - (a class of drugs that inhibit (block) some biological process)`
Super-classes	Role^c ConsumableProduct^c Inhibitor^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value DrugTherapy^c
Sub-classes	BetaBlocker^c

Blockhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blockhead`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blockhead' in WordNet: 1. dunce, dunderhead, numskull, blockhead, bonehead, lunkhead, hammerhead, knucklehead, loggerhead, muttonhead, shithead, dumbass, fuckhead - (these words are used to express a low opinion of someone's intelligence)`
Super-classes	StupidPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Moronic^c

Blocking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blocking

Description

''Blocking'' is the Action of an Object, Event,or Action that prevents some other Action from occurring.

       NO WN adj. sense of 'blocking'

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

BlockingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockingAction`
Description	A ''BlockingAction'' is an ''Impeding'' Action by some agent that can make an Action by another agent impossible (not merely difficult). In order to 'find a way around' the barrier some aspect of the situation would need to be changed. This can include abstract hindrances such as lack of money, lack of permission, some insurmountable physical property, or intractable opposition (e.g. a wall of opposition). This use of 'barrier' is metaphorical. For a related action that may hinder rather than completely preventing another agent's action, use 'Interfering' or ''Impeding''. For a situation (not the action of an agent) that blocks some action, use ''BlockingSituation''. Includes verb senses 2, 6, 7,12, and 16 of 'block' in Wordnet: 2. (3) obstruct, blockade, block, hinder, stymie, stymy, embarrass - (hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of; 'His brother blocked him at every turn') 6. block - (interrupt the normal function of by means of anesthesia; 'block a nerve'; 'block a muscle') 7. obstruct, block - (shut out from view or get in the way so as to hide from sight; 'The thick curtain blocked the action on the stage'; 'The trees obstruct my view of the mountains') 12. parry, block, deflect - (impede the movement of (an opponent or a ball); 'block an attack') 16. freeze, block, immobilize, immobilise - (prohibit the conversion or use of (assets); 'Blocked funds'; 'Freeze the assets of this hostile government')
Super-classes	Interfering^c Impeding^c LimitingAction^c
Restrictions	prevents^op some (Event^c or EventType^c or PhysicalProcess^c or ProcessType^c or Goal^c or GoalType^c or NeedMicrotheory^c)
Sub-classes	BlockingTheViewOfSomething^c BlockingLight^c InhibitingaChemicalReaction^c BlockingTheWay^c ObstructionEvent^c Preventing^c BlockingFluidFlow^c

BlockingEclipse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockingEclipse`
Description	A 'BlockingEclipse'' is a ''BlockingaViewOfSomething'' in which one ''AstronomicalObject'' moves that that it and another ''AstronomicalObject'' are in the same line of view relative to either an ''Observer'' or a source of light (the Sun or another star). The object that moves may be the nearer or farther body, but in either case there is a ''BlockingTheViewOfSomething'' (for a solar eclipse) or a 'casting a shadow') for a lunar eclipse. the view of the farther body for the observer is blocked The 'Eclipse'' itself is a PersistentState performed by the blocking object. as long as the alignment persists. NOTE: the gloss in verb sense 2 of 'eclipse' mentons the sun 'eclipsing' the moon - that makes no sense, as the sun cannot get between the Earth and the moon. Odd usage, not part of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eclipse' in WordNet: 1. (2) eclipse, occultation - (one celestial body obscures another) WN verb 'occult': 1. eclipse, occult - (cause an eclipse of (a celestial body) by intervention; 'The Sun eclipses the moon today'; 'Planets and stars often are occulted by other celestial bodies')
Super-classes	BlockingTheViewOfSomething^c Eclipse^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value ViewingAnAstronomicalObject^c
Sub-classes	SolarEclipse^c

BlockingFluidFlow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockingFluidFlow`
Description	''BlockingFluidFlow'' is an Action in which something (animate or inanimate) blocks fluid flow through some conduit. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clog' in WordNet: 1. (4) clog, choke off, clog up, back up, congest, choke, foul - (become or cause to become obstructed; 'The leaves clog our drains in the Fall'; 'The water pipe is backed up')`
Super-classes	BlockingAction^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value FluidFlowEvent^c
Sub-classes	StauchingaLiquidFlow^c

BlockingLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockingLight`
Description	''BlockingaLight'' is an Action in which some ''OpaqueObject'' is in a location between a dominant source of light and an Object that would be perceptibly illuminated if that ''OpaqueObject'' were not present. If the potentially illuminated surface is noticeably less illuminated than other nearby objects, this is a ''CastingaShadow''.
Super-classes	BlockingAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value OpaqueObject^c prevents^op value IlluminatingSomething^c
Sub-classes	CastingaShadow^c

BlockingSituation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockingSituation

Description

A 'BlockingSituation' is a situation that can make an Action by an agent impossible (not merely difficult)). In order to 'find a way around' the barrier some aspect of the situation would need to be changed. This can include abstract hindrances such as lack of money, lack of permission, some insurmountable physical property, or intractable opposition (e.g. a wall of opposition). This use of 'barrier' is metaphorical. This does not have to be an Action by an agent, it can be a physical situation or the absence of some conditions for action.

      The physical barrier (of any kind) is 'Wall-GenericBarrier'; the
        metaphorical barrier is subtype 'BlockingSituation'.

      Corresponds to sense 2 of 'barrier' in WordNet and sense 1 of 'obstacle',
      as well as the metaphorial senses of 'wall':
       in WordNet:
         2. (3) barrier, roadblock - (any condition that makes it difficult to make progress
            or to achieve an objective; 'intolerance is a barrier to understanding')
        WN 'obstacle': 
         1. (5) obstacle, obstruction - (something immaterial that stands in the way
           and must be circumvented or surmounted; 'lack of imagination is
           an obstacle to one's advancement'; 'the poverty of a district is an obstacle 
           to good education'; 'the filibuster was a major obstruction 
           to the success of their plan')

Super-classes Barrier^c
PersistentState^c

BlockingTheViewOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockingTheViewOfSomething`
Description	''BlockingaViewOfSomething'' is an Action in which one agent itself moves or causes a different 'blocking' opaque Object to move into a location where the blocking object is between a second object and an Observer, thereby causing the second object to become invisible to the Observer until the second object or the 'blocking' object moves so that the 'blocking' object is no longer in the line between observer and the second object. While the 'blocking' object is in the line between observer and the second object, the second object (or some part of it) cannot be seen by the Observer. The blocking action may be completely natural (see ''Eclipse'') or unintended, or intentional. This type is intended to broadly cover all Events where one body blocks some Observer's view of a second body. This includes some animal 'hiding behind' an opaque object, or `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'occult' in WordNet: 3. occult - (hide from view; 'The lids were occulting her eyes')`
Super-classes	BlockingAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Translocation^c isPerformedBy^op value OpaqueObject^c prevents^op value Looking^c
Sub-classes	BlockingEclipse^c

BlockingTheWay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockingTheWay`
Description	'BlockingTheWay' is an Action in which one agent puts some physical obstacle, which could be the agent's body, in a passageway so as to prevent others from entering into the passage (which could be a portal such as a door, or a hallway, or a road, etc. The BlockingTheWay action may be unintentional, as when debris from an an accident blocks a roadway. To fit into this category, the ''Barricade'' produced must present an impassible barrier, not just an impediment, i.e, not passable unless removed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'block' in WordNet: 1. (7) barricade, block, blockade, stop, block off, block up, bar - (render unsuitable for passage; 'block the way'; 'barricade the streets'; 'stop the busy road')`
Super-classes	ForbiddingEntry^c BlockingAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Barricade^c

BlockingTraffic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlockingTraffic`
Description	CYC: A collection of all events of blocking traffic. Each instance of #$BlockingTraffic is also a purposeful action done by some agent with a purpose of stopping the traffic on a certain path. For any #$BlockingTraffic, there is at least one #$objectActedOn which is a #$Path-Customary (e.g., a bridge which is broken or a road which is blocked to prevent vehicles or people from passing through it). `NOTE: this is broader than the CYC glos suggests, in that the' 'traffic' blocked may be traveling on sea or in the air, arriving a by more than one route.`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c ObstructionEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Traffic^c hasSubEvent^op value BlockingTheWay^c
Sub-classes	EconomicEmbargo^c

Bloke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bloke`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloke' in WordNet: 1. (1) geezer, bloke - (a man who is (usually) old and/or eccentric)`
Super-classes	Eccentric^c Man^c

Blonde^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blonde`
Description	A Person with ''BlondeHair''. Most commonly used of women. `NOTE: at this point not restricted to naturally blond people - perhaps needs a subtype? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blond' in WordNet: 1. blond, blonde - (a person with fair skin and hair)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value BlondeHair^c

BlondeColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlondeColor`
Description	The color of ''BlondeHair''. `NOTE: the term 'blonde' is most commonly applied to ''HeadHair'' but is also used to characterize theolor of some yellowish ''Wood''s. Cyc: The human hair color blonde, a kind of yellow or gold or very light brown. NOTE: this is an attribute, but in WN appears only as a noun. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blonde' in WordNet: 2. blond, blonde - (a light grayish yellow to near white)`
Super-classes	HairColorValue^c Yellowish^c
Restrictions	isTheColorOf^op value BlondeHair^c

BlondeHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlondeHair`
Description	COSMO: some quantity of blonde hair - at least on the head, and perhaps on other body parts. Variable color from 'BrilliantOrangeYellow-Color' to ''BlondeColor'' any yellowish color, represented as any instance of ''YellowColorType''.
Super-classes	ColoredThing^c HairOnHead-Human^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op some YellowColorType^c

Blood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blood`
Description	COSMO: we redefine this as a fluid substance, not an object. Therefore the Cyc restriction (below) that Blood cannot be dried has been migrated to the type 'BloodOject'. Dried blood is a separate Type, 'DriedBloodObject'. Both wet and dried blood is considered in COSMO to be 'composed of' 'Blood'. Cyc: The collection of all volumes of live blood. Each instance is a portion of fluid that circulates in an #$Animal's #$CirculatorySystem or that is preserved in a living state outside of a body. Dried blood, blood stains, and scabs are not considered to be #$Blood but (#$DeadFn #$Blood). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood' in WordNet: 1. (637) blood - (the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped by the heart; 'blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries waste products away'; 'the ancients believed that blood was the seat of the emotions')
Super-classes	InternalBodyFluid^c RedSubstance^c AqueousSolution^c Suspension^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value BloodCell^c contains^op value WhiteBloodCell^c contains^op value RedBloodCell^c
Sub-classes	BloodTypeAB^c

BloodCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodCell`
Description	CYC: The collection of all living #$Cells that form part of the #$Blood. This collection includes #$RedBloodCells, #$WhiteBloodCells, and #$Platelets. #$Cells from infecting organisms or freefloating #$Cancer #$Cells in the #$Blood are not members of this collection. #$BloodCells are #$AnimalBLOs and #$anatomicalParts of #$Animals whose #$CirculatorySystem they are in. #$BloodCells in a #$CirculatorySystem are #$AnimalBodyParts, but outside such a system (e.g. in a BloodBank or #$DigestiveSystem) they are not. `SUMO: A Cell that is normally present in Blood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood cell' in WordNet: 1. blood cell, blood corpuscle, corpuscle - (either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets)`
Super-classes	AnimalBLO^c Cell^c
Restrictions	isNormallyLocatedAt^op value BloodObject^c
Sub-classes	WhiteBloodCell^c RedBloodCell^c

BloodCirculation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodCirculation`
Description	''BloodCirculation'' is a ''MovingInaLoop'' in which Blood moves around from the heart through the arteries and veins in an Animal back to the heart, transporting oxygen and nutrents and disposing of waste during the curcuit. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'circulation' (the blood) in WordNet: 2. (1) circulation - (movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels)`
Super-classes	MovingInaLoop^c BloodFlow^c
Restrictions	isaDesignFunctionOf^op value CirculatorySystem^c typicallyOccursInside^op value BloodVessel^c occursAt^op some AnimalBody^c

BloodClot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodClot`
Description	A ''BloodClot'' is a ''Clot'' produced from a ''BloodObject'' by a ''Clotting'' Action `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood clot' in WordNet: 1. blood clot, grume - (a semisolid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells)`
Super-classes	DriedBloodObject^c Clot^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BloodObject^c isDerivedFrom^op some (LiquidObjectType^c or BloodObject^c or Blood^c)
Sub-classes	Thrombus^c

BloodCoagulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodCoagulation`
Description	''BloodCoagulation'' is the Process in which ''Blood'' changes from a liquid to a solid form. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coagulation' in WordNet: 1. (1) curdling, clotting, coagulation - (the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalFunction^c Clotting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BloodObject^c isPerformedBy^op value BloodObject^c

BloodDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodDisease`
Description	A ''BloodDisease'' is a subtype of 'dyscrasia' in WordNet, not represented yet. In COSMO an ''AilmentCondition'' is broader than just 'disease'. There are intermediate types in WordNet that may be inserted if there are logical differences that can be identified. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'blood dyscrasia' and sense 1 of 'blood disease' in WordNet: 1. blood dyscrasia - (any abnormal condition of the blood) WN noun 'blood disease' 1. blood disease, blood disorder - (a disease or disorder of the blood)`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Blood^c
Sub-classes	Anemia^c Hemophilia^c Leukemia^c

BloodFeedingArthropod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodFeedingArthropod`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Arthropods that take a blood meal. These arthropods are frequently infection vectors for a number of viruses and bacteria-causing diseases. Infected arthropods carry the pathogens, and when they take a blood meal from another animal, those pathogens are passed to the animal.
Super-classes	Arthropod^c Parasite^c
Sub-classes	Flea^c Louse^c Mite^c Tick^c Mosquito^c

BloodFlow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodFlow`
Description	''BloodFlow'' represents any Event in which some quantity of ''Blood'' in a living ''Animal'' moves within the animal, or is emitted from the animal. This includes blood circulation and bleeding, whether internal or external.
Super-classes	FluidFlow-Translation^c PhysiologicalProcess^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Blood^c
Sub-classes	BloodCirculation^c Bleeding^c

BloodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodObject`
Description	Some quantity of blood, whether in situ in an animal, or external - as long as it is still liquid.
Super-classes	LiquidObject^c OrganismPart^c AnimalBLO^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Blood^c
Sub-classes	BloodStream^c BloodObjectInSitu^c

BloodObjectInSitu^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodObjectInSitu`
Description	Some quantity of blood that is still inside an animal. It need not be the whole blood complement of an animal. 'ArterialBlood' would be an example.
Super-classes	BloodObject^c

BloodOxygen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodOxygen`
Description	''Oxygen'' that is dissolved in the Blood of an animal. `NOTE: rev1261 this is a stub and needs to be related to some measure, and perhaps to other dissolved substances.`
Super-classes	Solute^c Oxygen^c
Restrictions	isaSoluteOf^op value Blood^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Oxygen^c

BloodPlasma^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodPlasma

Description

''BloodPlasma'' is the fluid component of ''Blood'' and lymph 'without the cells'(WN). BUT WN gloss says 'erythroctes are suspended' - contradiction.

      Need good technical definition.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plasma' in WordNet:
         1. (5) plasma, plasm - (colorless watery fluid of blood 
            and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes 
            and leukocytes and platelets are suspended)

Super-classes Suspension^c
InternalBodyFluid^c
AqueousSolution^c

BloodPressure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodPressure`
Description	The numbers used to measure ''BloodPressure'' are millimeters of mercury, The average sea level air pressure is 29.92 inches of mercury, about 760 millimeters. The pressure value measured clinically is a pressure value above atmospheric pressure. NOTE that a ''BloodPressure'', as a ''VitalSign'' is considered a ''PhysiologicalProcess'', though it has aspects of an AttributeType. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood pressure' in WordNet: 1. (2) blood pressure - (the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health; 'adult blood pressure is considered normal at 120/80 where the first number is the systolic pressure and the second is the diastolic pressure')
Super-classes	VitalSign^c Pressure^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op value PressureMeasure^c typicallyOccursInside^op value BloodVessel^c isMeasuredBy^op value Pressure^c
Sub-classes	HighBloodPressure^c

BloodPressureTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodPressureTest`
Description	CYC: The collection of all blood pressure tests. `NOTE: this can be done at home with electrical devices, sodoes not require a medically trained person.`
Super-classes	MedicalTesting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMeasured^op value BloodPressure^c usesDeviceType^op value Sphygmomanometer^c

BloodRelative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodRelative`
Description	A ''BloodRelative'' is one of a Group of ''Kinsman''s who are ''RelatedByBlood''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood relative' in WordNet: 1. (1) blood relation, blood relative, cognate, sib - (one related by blood or origin; especially on sharing an ancestor with another)`
Super-classes	Kinsman^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value BirthEvent^c hasVitalityAttribute^op value DeadOrAlive^c

BloodRelatives^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodRelatives`
Description	A ''BloodRelative'' is one of a Group of ''Kinsman''s who are ''RelatedByBlood''.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only BloodRelative^c

BloodSerum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodSerum`
Description	''BloodSerum'' is the fluid component of ''Blood'' remaining after coagulation - without the cells. `Subtype of ''Plasma''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'serum' in WordNet: 1. (34) serum, blood serum - (watery fluid of the blood that resembles plasma but contains fibrinogen)`
Super-classes	InternalBodyFluid^c AqueousSolution^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value Blood^c

BloodStain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodStain`
Description	A ''BloodStain'' is a 'Stain' that consists mostly of ''Blood'', whether fresh or dried.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloodstain' in WordNet: 1. bloodstain - (a discoloration caused by blood)`
Super-classes	Stain^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Blood^c

BloodStream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodStream`
Description	A ''BloodStream'' is the ''Blood'' that is located in the ''CardiovascularSystem'' (all of the blood vessels) of some individual ''Animal'', and moves as the main participant in the ''BloodCirculation'' of that Animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloodstream' in WordNet: 1. (3) bloodstream - (the blood flowing through the circulatory system)`
Super-classes	BloodObject^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value CardiovascularSystem^c wasTheMainParticipantIn^op value BloodCirculation^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Animal^c

BloodTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodTest`
Description	An analytical test to determine the presence and/or concentration of specific substances in the blood. Each test is a measuring of the concentration of some one or small number of substances in a sample. `CYC: Blood is tested to determine the presence and amount of certain substances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood test' in WordNet: 1. blood test - (a serologic analysis of a sample of blood)`
Super-classes	Searching^c MedicalTesting^c MedicalAnalyticalTest^c
Restrictions	hadInformationTransferred^op some ConcentrationMeasurementResult^c hadObjectMeasured^op some SubstanceType^c hadObjectMeasured^op value Blood^c
Sub-classes	CholesterolTest^c

BloodTransfusionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodTransfusionEvent`
Description	An event in which a discrete amount of a donor's blood is transfused into another organism. During an element of #$BloodTransfusionEvent, that entire discrete portion of blood moves entirely from the donor to the person being donated to. A #$BloodTransfusionEvent will have a #$BloodTransfusionProcess subEvent. This unit is not coextensive with #$BloodTransfusionProcess, since a #$BloodTransfusionEvent will have other #$subEvents, such as inserting the IV needle into the recipient's vein. `Needs more detail about method: tubes from a contianer into the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transfusion' in WordNet: 1. (1) transfusion, blood transfusion - (the introduction of blood or blood plasma into a vein or artery)`
Super-classes	InfusingaLiquid^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Blood^c isPerformedBy^op value MedicalCareProvider^c

BloodTypeAB^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodTypeAB

Description

Blood type AB.

    SUMO: The subclass of Blood that contains both 
        AntigenA and AntigenB.

Super-classes Blood^c

BloodVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodVessel`
Description	Tubular animal tissue which acts as a conduit for blood. `SUMO: Any BodyVessel which is used to circulate Blood from one part of the body to another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood vessel' in WordNet: 1. (4) blood vessel - (a vessel in which blood circulates)`
Super-classes	TubularObject^c AnatomicalVessel^c FluidConduit^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value CirculatorySystem^c
Sub-classes	CoronaryArtery^c Capillary^c Vein^c Artery^c

Bloodbath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bloodbath`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloodbath' in WordNet: 1. bloodbath, bloodletting, bloodshed, battue - (indiscriminate slaughter; 'a bloodbath took place when the leaders of the plot surrendered'; 'ten days after the bloodletting Hitler gave the action its name'; 'the valley is no stranger to bloodshed and murder'; 'a huge prison battue was ordered')`
Super-classes	Massacre^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op min 5

Bloodhound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bloodhound`
Description	CYC: A collection of large dogs; considered among the most gentle and easy-going of dogs.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloodhound' in WordNet: 1. (2) bloodhound, sleuthhound - (a breed of large powerful hound of European origin having very acute smell and used in tracking)`
Super-classes	Hound^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value TrackingAnAnimal^c

Bloodshot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bloodshot`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bloodshot' in Wordnet: 1. bloodshot - ((of an eye) reddened as a result of locally congested blood vessels; inflamed; 'bloodshot eyes')`
Super-classes	Reddened^c

Bloody^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bloody

Description

''Bloody'' is the attribute of an Object that has been stained by ''Bloodying''. 'bloody stools'

        WN 'bloodied' refers only to the nose.That term can also
        be used for something stained by ''Bloodying''.

        1. bloodied - (having been caused to bleed; 'a bloodied nose')

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bloody' in WordNet:
             1. (8) bloody - (having or covered with or accompanied by blood; 
               'a bloody nose'; 'your scarf is all bloody'; 
               'the effects will be violent and probably bloody'; 'a bloody fight')

Super-classes Stained^c

BloodyStools^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BloodyStools`
Description	''BloodyStools'' is a medical term used for ''Feces'' that has perceptible or otherwise detectable ''Blood'' in it. Having ''BloodyStools'' is a symptom of some form of 'AilmentCondition'' such as ''ColonCancer''.
Super-classes	Feces^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Blood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bloody^c isProducedByEventType^op value HavingBloodyStools^c

Bloodying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bloodying`
Description	''Bloodying'' is an Event in which ''Blood'' of some kind becomes attached to th surface of some solid object, so as to be visible. This is usually applied to events where more than a small spot of blood is visible.. The blood can be from any source - a person's own blood can soil clothing if that Person is wounded. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bloody' in WordNet: 1. bloody - (cover with blood; 'bloody your hands')`
Super-classes	Staining^c
Restrictions	produces^op value DirtyObject^c produces^op value BloodStain^c hadThingAffected^op some SolidObjectType^c

Blooming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blooming`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bloom' in WordNet: 1. (11) bloom, blossom, flower - (produce or yield flowers; "The cherry tree bloomed") WN noun 'blooming': 1. (3) blooming, bloom - (the organic process of bearing flowers; 'you will stop all bloom if you let the flowers go to seed') WN noun 'flowering': 1. (2) blossoming, flowering, florescence, inflorescence, anthesis, efflorescence - (the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms)`
Super-classes	PlantOrganicProcess^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Flower^c

Blotter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blotter`
Description	`NOTE: the WN synset has both the substance and object conflated. This is for the object; the substance is represened by ''BlottingPaper''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'blotting paper' (a piece of blotting paper) in WordNet: 1. blotting paper, blotter - (absorbent paper used to dry ink)`
Super-classes	SheetOfPaper^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absorbent^c isUsedInAction^op value BlottingDry^c

Blotting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blotting`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blot' in Wordnet: 2. spot, fleck, blob, blot - (make a spot or mark onto; 'The wine spotted the tablecloth')`
Super-classes	SurfaceChangeEvent^c Discoloring^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Stain^c

BlottingDry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlottingDry`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blot' in Wordnet: 1. blot - (dry (ink) with blotting paper)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c AbsorptionEvent^c Drying^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hadThingTransferred^op value Ink^c uses^op value BlottingPaper^c

BlottingPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlottingPaper`
Description	''BlottingPaper'' is a functional term for any 'Paper' in a sheet-like form, used to absorb excess fresh undried ''Ink'' marks made by writing on another sheet of paper, to avoid spreading the ink and smearing the newly written document. `NOTE: the WN synset has both the substance and object conflated. This is for the substance; the object is represened by ''Blotter''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'blotting paper' (the substance) in WordNet: 1. blotting paper, blotter - (absorbent paper used to dry ink)`
Super-classes	Paper^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BlottingDry^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absorbent^c

Blouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blouse`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blouse' in WordNet: 1. blouse - (a top worn by women)`
Super-classes	WomensClothing^c Shirt^c
Sub-classes	Shirtwaist^c

Blow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blow`
Description	A ''Blow'' is forceful ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that impacts some part of a ''SolidObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blow' in WordNet: 2. (7) blow, bump - (an impact (as from a collision); 'the bump threw him off the bicycle')`
Super-classes	Colliding^c StrikingAnObjectEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c hadObjectStruck^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	BodyBlow^c Jolt^c

BlowDrying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlowDrying`
Description	''BlowDrying'' is a subtye of ''Drying'' in which something is dried by directing a stream of hot air from a ''Blower'' (inicluding ''HairDrier''s) at it `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blow-dry' in WordNet: 1. blow-dry - (dry hair with a hair dryer)`
Super-classes	Drying^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value WetObject^c mayUseInstrument^op value Blower^c mayUseInstrument^op value HairDrier^c

BlowToTheHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlowToTheHead`
Description	A ''BlowToTheHead'' is ''BodyBlow'' that impacts the ''Head'' of an animal. This is almost always used in teference to people. `In soccer, a 'header' is the act of hitting the soccer ball with the head. This does cause an impact on the head, but that is relativelt mild and not likely to cause any injury, as can head impacts in boxing or football. NO WN sense for this.`
Super-classes	BodyBlow^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Concussion^c hadObjectStruck^op value Head^c

Blower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blower`
Description	A ''PropellingDevice'' that causes a current of a Gas to flow, whether into free air or through some tube or orifice. `NOTE: this does not necessarily blow ''Air'' and the gas blown is not necesarily hot. Subtypes are more specific. In addition to 'HairDrier''s there are blowers that blow air onto moist or wet floors to dry them, and there are not hand-held but typcally on the floor when in use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blower' in Wordnet: 1. (3) blower - (a device that produces a current of air)`
Super-classes	Device^c PropellingDevice^c
Restrictions	propels^op some FluidType^c
Sub-classes	Fan^c SnowBlower^c HairDrier^c

BlowingAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlowingAir`
Description	''BlowingAir'' is ''PropellingAir'' with some Device. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 13 of 'blow' in Wordnet: 13. blow - (cause air to go in, on, or through; 'Blow my hair dry')`
Super-classes	PropellingAir^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Blower^c

BlowingAirFromLungs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlowingAirFromLungs`
Description	Expelling air from the lungs in a controlled manner, whether for playing a flute or extinguishing flames on a group of birthday candles. `Includes verb senses 1 and 11 of 'blow' in WordNet: 1. (6) blow - (exhale hard; 'blow on the soup to cool it down') 11. blow - (play or sound a wind instrument; 'She blew the horn')`
Super-classes	Exhaling^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Sub-classes	Spouting^c BlowingOutaBurningObject^c

BlowingOutaBirthdayCandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlowingOutaBirthdayCandle`
Description	''BlowingOutaBirthdayCandle'' is a ''BlowingOutaBurningObject'' in which the object is a ''LightedBirthdayCandle'' that is lighted (''Burning'') and on top of a '''BirthdayCake''; this occurs as a common part of a ''BirthdayCelebration''.
Super-classes	BlowingOutaBurningObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value LightedBirthdayCandle^c isaSubEventOf^op value BirthdayCelebration^c

BlowingOutaBurningObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlowingOutaBurningObject`
Description	''BlowingOutaBurningObject'' is a ''BlowingAirFromLungs'' forcefully in order to extinguish the flames on a burning object. `??Perhaps the ''BlowingAirFromLungs'' should be a subevent instead of the parent type?? Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'blow out' in WordNet: 2. snuff out, blow out, extinguish, quench - (put out, as of fires, flames, or lights; 'Too big to be extinguished at once, the forest fires at best could be contained'; 'quench the flames'; 'snuff out the candles')`
Super-classes	ExtinguishingaFire^c BlowingAirFromLungs^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c hadObjectModified^op value BurningObject^c
Sub-classes	BlowingOutaBirthdayCandle^c

BlowingSomethingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlowingSomethingUp`
Description	COSMO note: this type is for intentionally destroying something by means of an artifact explosive device. The CYC sense includes natural events, which are excluded from this type. This includes the action of an agent to initiate an explosive device, the explosion of the device, and the consequent disruption of the object being blown up. NOTE that we relate 'Explosion' (the intransitive act of something exploding) as a subevent, not as a causal event nor as the starting Event; this is because this type includes whatever actions are required for an agent to initiate the explosion - therefore this Event starts before the actual explosion itself. CYC: A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$ActionOnObject. In each instance of #$BlowingSomethingUp, some instance of #$PartiallyTangible is damaged by an instance of #$Explosion. This collection includes the notable specialization #$Bombing, as well as instances of blowing up a mountain to make room for a road, or blowing up a piece of land in order to make a mine shaft. Also included in this collection are naturally occuring instances of #$BlowingSomethingUp. Lightning hitting an object may cause the object to explode under the right circumstances. NOTE that in COSMO this is restricted to Actions intentionally caused by Agents. However, BlowingSomethingUp does not have to be a 'ViolentAction' because it could be merely part of a peaceful and legal excavation process. In that case, what is 'destroyed' is the land form that existed prior to excavation. For bad blowing-ups see 'Bombing'. None of the 22 verb senses of 'blow' in WordNet have this meaning, though phrases like 'blow the bridge'are not uncommon. This includes verb sense 1 of 'blow up' in WordNet, though that sense seems to focus on the explosion of the detonating device rather than on destroying something with an explosive device. No WordNet sense seems to cover this meaning, and WN sense 1 comes closest: in WordNet: 1. (4) explode, detonate, blow up, set off - (cause to burst with a violent release of energy; "We exploded the nuclear bomb")
Super-classes	UsingAnObject^c IntentionalDestruction^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value ExplosiveDevice^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c hasSubEvent^op value DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice^c hasSubEvent^op value Explosion^c
Sub-classes	Bombing^c

BlowingTheNose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlowingTheNose`
Description	''BlowingTheNose'' is the act of intentionally exhaling vigorously through the nostrils, for the purpose of expelling mucus in the nasal passages. `No WN sense can be found.`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c EmittingStuff^c Exhaling^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c hadEmittedThing^op value Snot^c

Blubber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blubber`
Description	Blubber is an edible fat - eaten by some Eskimos.. `RHW: 1. Zool. the fat layer between the skin and muscle of whales and other cetaceans, from which oil is made. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blubber' in WordNet: 1. blubber - (an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil)`
Super-classes	SemiSolidSubstance^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c EdibleFat^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value SeaMammal^c

Blue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blue`
Description	The color blue. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'blue' in WordNet (the truer blue, without admixture of other colors): in WordNet: 1. (9) blue, blueness - (blue color or pigment; resembling the color of the clear sky in the daytime; 'he had eyes of bright blue')`
Super-classes	Bluish^c
Sub-classes	LightBlue-Color^c CeruleanColor^c

BlueCollarWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlueCollarWorker`
Description	A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation and an instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$BlueCollarWorker is a person whose occupation is manual-labor intensive, sometimes demanding physical strength and, in some jobs, considerable skill, practical judgment, and work experience. Types of blue-collar workers include miners, truck drivers, steelworkers, construction workers, agricultural workers, laborers, mechanics, garbage collectors, assembly line workers, janitorial workers, etc. Their jobs may require some specialized training or apprenticeship but don't require a college degree. Cf. #$WhiteCollarWorker. `@ToDo1: add Attribute: 1. (1) blue-collar - (of or designating manual industrial work or workers)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c
Sub-classes	FacilitiesPerson^c Fisherman^c GarbageCollector^c TradeWorker^c RagMan^c Farmer^c FarmWorker^c Servant^c ConstructionWorker^c DeliveryPerson^c Firefighter^c DoorMan^c Herder^c

BlueWhale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlueWhale`
Description	Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine mammals rule the oceans at up to 100 feet (30 meters) long and upwards of 200 tons (181 metric tons). Their tongues alone can weigh as much as an elephant. Their hearts, as much as an automobile. Blue whales reach these mind-boggling dimensions on a diet composed nearly exclusively of tiny shrimplike animals called krill. During certain times of the year, a single adult blue whale consumes about 4 tons (3.6 metric tons) of krill a day. Blue whales are baleen whales, which means they have fringed plates of fingernail-like material, called baleen, attached to their upper jaws. The giant animals feed by first gulping an enormous mouthful of water, expanding the pleated skin on their throat and belly to take it in. Then the whale's massive tongue forces the water out through the thin, overlapping baleen plates. Thousands of krill are left behind, and then swallowed. From: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/blue-whale.html Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blue whale' in WordNet: 1. blue whale, sulfur bottom, Balaenoptera musculus - (largest mammal ever known; bluish-grey migratory whalebone whale mostly of southern hemisphere)
Super-classes	BaleenWhale^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value 180000000.0^c

Blueberry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blueberry`
Description	A ''Blueberry'' is a small Berry, smaller than a 'marble'. that is a deep blue when ripe. `Used to make blueberry pies. Yum. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blueberry' in WordNet: 2. blueberry - (sweet edible dark-blue berries of either low-growing or high-growing blueberry plants)`
Super-classes	Berry^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value BlueberryBush^c

BlueberryBush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlueberryBush`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blueberry bush' in WordNet: 1. blueberry, blueberry bush - (any of numerous shrubs of the genus Vaccinium bearing blueberries)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c Bush^c
Restrictions	bearsFruitType^op value Blueberry^c

BluegrassMusic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BluegrassMusic

Description

CYC: 'BluegrassMusicGenre': #$BluegrassMusicGenre is the style of music pioneered by Bill Monroe. The standard bluegrass lineup includes a fiddle player, a banjo player, a mandolin player, and an upright acoustic bass player.

          Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bluegrass' in WordNet:
            3. bluegrass  (a type of country music played at a rapid tempo on banjos and guitars)

Super-classes CountryMusic^c

Blueprint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blueprint

Description

Diagrams and plans for the construction of a building.

    SUMO: An Icon which is a scale model of an Artifact, 
      whether the Artifact actually exists or not.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blueprint' in WordNet:
        2. blueprint - (photographic print of plans or technical drawings etc.)

Super-classes PaperObject^c
DurableGood^c
StillImage^c
HumanAccessibleIBO^c

Bluff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bluff`
Description	A ''Bluff'' is a ''LandRidge'' that is ''"Steep'' and usually formed by erosion by a River,though the River that formed the ''Bluff'' may no longer flow nearby, so this is not necessarily a ''RiverBank''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bluff' in WordNet: 1. (5) bluff - (a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion))`
Super-classes	LandRidge^c OutdoorObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value High^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Steep^c

Bluffing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bluffing`
Description	''Bluffing'' is a ''Pretending'' (an attempt to Deceive) that is also a 'FrighteningEvent' within a context of a ''ConflictEvent'', with the goal of causing a Person to do something by causing Fear that the ''Bluffing'' Person will inflict some harm (possibly as minimal as winning a friendly game, possibly as catastrophic as killing a military force). `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'bluff' in WordNet: 1. bluff, bluff out - (deceive an opponent by a bold bet on an inferior hand with the result that the opponent withdraws a winning hand) 2. bluff - (frighten someone by pretending to be stronger than one really is) WN noun 'bluff': 2. (2) bluff - (pretense that your position is stronger than it really is; 'his bluff succeeded in getting him accepted')`
Super-classes	FrighteningEvent^c Pretending^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value ConflictEvent^c hasAttemptedAction^op value WinningaContest^c
Sub-classes	BluffingAtCards^c

BluffingAtCards^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BluffingAtCards`
Description	''BluffingAtCards'' is a ''Bluffing'' Action that occurs within a context of a ''PlayingACardGame'' Event (usually ''PlayingAPokerGame''). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bluff' in WordNet: 1. bluff, bluff out - (deceive an opponent by a bold bet on an inferior hand with the result that the opponent withdraws a winning hand) WN noun 'bluff': 3. bluff, four flush - (the act of bluffing in poker; deception by a false show of confidence in the strength of your cards)`
Super-classes	Bluffing^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value PlayingACardGame^c hasAttemptedAction^op value WinningaContest^c

Bluish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bluish`
Description	The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$BlueColor. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'bluish' in WordNet: 1. (1) blue, bluish, blueish - (of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky; 'October's bright blue weather'- Helen Hunt Jackson; 'a blue flame'; 'blue haze of tobacco smoke')`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	Blue^c VioletColor^c MaroonColor^c Purplish^c TurquoiseColor^c

Blunt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blunt

Description

Having an edge or point that is rounded and unsuitable for cutting. Less sharp than ''DullEdged''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'blunt' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) blunt - (used of a knife or other blade; not sharp; 'a blunt instrument')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Bluntly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bluntly

Description

''Bluntly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the assertion characterized was performed in a ''Frank'' (syn. 'blunt') manner.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'bluntly' in Wordnet:
           1. bluffly, bluntly, brusquely, flat out, roundly - (in a blunt direct manner; 
              'he spoke bluntly'; 'he stated his opinion flat-out'; 'he was criticized roundly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Blurry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blurry

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blurry' in Wordnet:
          1. bleary, blurred, blurry, foggy, fuzzy, hazy, muzzy -
             (indistinct or hazy in outline; 'a landscape of blurred outlines'; 
             'the trees were just blurry shapes')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

BlurtingOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlurtingOut`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blurt out' in WordNet: 1. blurt out, blurt, blunder out, blunder, ejaculate - (utter impulsively; 'He blurted out the secret'; 'He blundered his stupid ideas')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c

BlushWine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlushWine`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of blush wine. This kind of wine, which originated in California, is made by briefly leaving the skins of black grapes in the juice. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blush wine' in WordNet: 1. blush wine, pink wine, rose, rose wine - (pinkish table wine from red grapes whose skins were removed after fermentation began)`
Super-classes	Wine^c
Sub-classes	WhiteZinfandel^c

Blushing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Blushing

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'blushing' in WordNet:
          2. blushful, blushing, red-faced - 
             (having a red face from embarrassment or shame or agitation or emotional upset;
               'the blushing boy was brought before the Principal';
               'her blushful beau'; 'was red-faced with anger')

Super-classes Reddened^c

BlushingResponse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlushingResponse`
Description	SUMO: The process of turning red in response to a stimulus which has a deep emotional effect. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blush' in WordNet: 2. blush, flush - (sudden reddening of the face (as from embarrassment or guilt or shame or modesty)) WN verb 'blush': 2. blush - (become rosy or reddish; 'her cheeks blushed in the cold winter air')`
Super-classes	BodilyResponse^c Reddening^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value Face^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Blushing^c

BoaConstrictor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoaConstrictor

Description

.

     CYC A specialization of #$Constrictor.  Each instance
        of #$BoaConstrictor is a member of the species Constrictor
        constrictor.  Boa constrictors are non-poisonous tropical
        snakes. They are found in Central and South America and
        often reach lengths of up to 1.5m.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boa constrictor' in Wordnet:
         1. (6) boa constrictor, Constrictor constrictor - (very large boa of 
             tropical America and West Indies)

Super-classes Constrictor^c

Board^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Board`
Description	A sheet-like object that is significantly stiffer than 20-pound paper and will not droop when one end is held horizontal; it is rigid and can be of any material. This includes thicknesses up to and including wooden boards used in construction, as long as the length/thickness ratio is greater than 5 (less than that would be a 'Block'). This is very generic: when referrd to linguistically as a 'board' the composition is usually cellulosic, either wood or paper stiffened with glue, or some glued composite. But a stiff sheet made of plastic (such as a whiteboard) may also be called a 'Board', and a blackboard made of slate is a Board. A piece of cardboard thick enough not to droop is also a Board. A sheet of metal or glass would usually be referred to as a 'plate' (for the metal sheet use ''MetalPlate''). The subtypes should segregate lumber from the others, but that hasn't yet (rev953) been done. `A 'game board' is represented more specifically as the subtype 'GameBoard'. Includes senses 2,3, and 5 of 'board' and sense 1 of 'plate' in WordNet; sense 5 of 'board' is also represented as the subtype 'GameBoard': in WordNet: 2. (94) board - (a flat piece of material designed for a special purpose; 'he nailed boards across the windows') 3. (38) board, plank - (a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes)`
Super-classes	DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c ArtifactObject^c BoardOrRod^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c
Sub-classes	Panel^c Blackboard^c Wakeboard^c Surfboard^c Sideboard^c Rudder^c WashBoard^c WallBoard^c FinKeel^c SmartBoard^c Palette^c Whiteboard^c FloorBoard^c GameBoard^c IroningBoard^c Shelf^c Plank^c WritingBoard^c SkateBoard^c SnowBoard^c Backboard-Basketball^c

BoardGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoardGame`
Description	Any of a large variety of Games that use a flat board with markings to control the action of the game, usually but not necessarily played indoors, while sitting. Not an athletic sport. In some ''BoardGame''s such as ''Darts'' or archery, the board is oriented vertically or almost completely vertically, and the markings indicate toward where the propelled missiles are to be aimed. `NOTE: this is the specification for a board game; for the actual playing the game, use ''PlayingABoardGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'board game' in WordNet: 1. board game - (a game played on a specially designed board)`
Super-classes	Game^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value GameBoard^c
Sub-classes	Bingo^c Backgammon^c Checkers^c Chess^c Darts^c

BoardGame-EquipmentSet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoardGame-EquipmentSet`
Description	CYC: The collection of all board games equipment sets, e.g. board + pieces + dice for backgammon, board + pieces for chess, or checkers etc ... Every ''BoardGame-EquipmentSet'' has to include a ''GameBoard''.
Super-classes	Game-EquipmentSet^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value PlayingABoardGame^c hasComponentElement^op value GameBoard^c
Sub-classes	Backgammon-EquipmentSet^c

BoardOfDirectors^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoardOfDirectors

Description

A ''BoardOfDirectors'' is a ''SupervisoryBoard'' for some Corporation.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'board of directors' in WordNet:
           1. (3) directorate, board of directors - (a group of persons 
             chosen to govern the affairs of a corporation or other large institution)

Super-classes SupervisoryBoard^c

BoardOfDirectorsMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoardOfDirectorsMember`
Description	A ''BoardOfDirectorsMember'' is an ''OrganizationMember where the ''Organization'' is a 'Board Of Directors' of some Corporation.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'director' in WordNet: 2. (6) director - (member of a board of directors)`
Super-classes	OrganizationMember^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value BoardOfDirectors^c

BoardOrBlock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoardOrBlock`
Description	A piece of material with flat, rectangular sides. Note that boards and blocks are lumped into a single concept, because the difference between these notions cannot be precisely defined.. `If the length to width ratio gets high, it is no longer thought of as a block - perhaps a slab, board, or a beam. Limits not yet specified.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c ConvexTangibleObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value RectangularParallelepipedLike^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value RectangularParallelepiped^c
Sub-classes	Block^c

BoardOrRod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoardOrRod`
Description	''BoardOrRod'' is an aggregate type whose instances are either ''Board''s or ''Rod''s or other longish rigid objects used for supporting things or exterting forces on things.
Super-classes	RigidObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Sub-classes	Board^c Rod^c Lever^c

BoardingAnAirplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoardingAnAirplane`
Description	`Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'boarding' in WordNet: 1. (2) boarding, embarkation, embarkment - (the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft) WN verb 'board': 1. (5) board, get on - (get on board of (trains, buses, ships, aircraft, etc.))`
Super-classes	EnteringAVehicle^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Airplane^c

BoardingaShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoardingaShip`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boarding' in WordNet: 1. (2) boarding, embarkation, embarkment - (the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft) WN verb 'board': 1. (5) board, get on - (get on board of (trains, buses, ships, aircraft, etc.))`
Super-classes	EnteringAVehicle^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Ship^c

Boardwalk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boardwalk`
Description	A ''Boardwalk'' is a ''Promenade'' made from wooden planks ('boards'), originally used to allow convenient walking over a beach area at a shoreline. A modern ''Boardwalk'' at a large shore City may have many supporting materials other than ''Wood'. But the originals were made of boards. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boardwalk' in WordNet: 1. boardwalk - (a walkway made of wooden boards; usually at seaside)`
Super-classes	Promenade^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value SandyBeach^c

Boast^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boast

Description

A ''Boast'' is an ''Exaggeration'' about the speaker's own accomplishments, feats, or merits, produced by an ''Exaggerating'' Action.

      WN does not seem to have a 'boast' or 'brag' that does not
        suggest the Action.  This is not the Action, it is the Assertional
        content (an abstract Object)  of a ''Bragging'' action.

Super-classes Exaggeration^c

Boastful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boastful

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boastful' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) boastful, braggart, bragging, braggy, big, cock-a-hoop, crowing, 
              self-aggrandizing, self-aggrandising - (exhibiting self-importance; 'big talk')

Super-classes Assertive^c
Proud^c

Boat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boat`
Description	A Boat is a Watercraft of any size designed to transport things, whether objects or people, on or under the surface of the water, to have a cavity that serves as a container for the items transported, and to be able to float stably in the water by itself without support. The last requirement means that a Vessel must have a hull, and this eliminates water skis and other marginal 'water transport' watercraft. A Boat is not necessarily manned, may be user powered (as a Rowboat) and does not have any lower or upper limit of size. The Swan boats in the lake in Boston are Boats. `However, toy boats that are designed for play and not to actually transport objects are not Vessels. Toy objects are representations of objects, rather than subclasses of the objects they represent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vessel' in WordNet ('boat' in WordNet is restricted to small size boats): in WordNet: 2. (6) vessel, watercraft - (a craft designed for water transportation)`
Super-classes	Watercraft^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	FishingBoat^c Ark^c Yacht^c Gondola^c Sailboat^c SeaworthyBoat^c WaterTransportationVehicle^c Watercraft-Small^c

BoatCaptain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoatCaptain

Description

A 'BoatCaptain' is the person whose job is to be the person in charge of a boat. The boat may be small, but to be a 'Captain in this sense the job must be formal and the Captain licensed by some authority, not merely a person who assumes the task of running a boat as a recreation. The licensed Captain of a small charter boat is a captain. A person who owns and operates a small recreational boat is not a 'Captain' in this sense. For the captain of a naval vessel, see also 'Captain-Rank'; a person may be a 'Captain-Rank' but not be in charge of a vessel; or may be both a 'Captain-Rank' and a 'BoatCaptain'.

      This corresponds to sense 7 of 'captain' in RHW:
      7. the commander of a merchant vessel. Cf. staff captain.


      SUMO (ShipCaptain): The class of Positions which involve the command 
       of a ship.

      NOTE:  A ship's Crew is viewed here as an Organization.

      This includes senses 2 and 4 of 'captain' in WordNet:
      2. (14) captain, skipper - (the naval officer in command of a military ship)
      4. (6) master, captain, sea captain, skipper - (an officer
      who is licensed to command a merchant ship)

Super-classes OfficerInOrganization^c
SkilledWorker^c
Sailor^c

BoatMovingInWaterEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoatMovingInWaterEvent`
Description	A 'BoatMovingInWaterEvent' is the type including all Events characterized by a Boat moving on the surface of a BodyOfWater.
Super-classes	MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Boat^c

Boating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boating`
Description	CYC: The collection of all boating events. #$Boating does not include #$WaterSkiing or #$Surfing because they don't occur on boats. Also you don't steer the same way so anatomical resource requirements are stated differently. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boating' in WordNet: 1. (2) boating, yachting - (water travel for pleasure) WN verb 'boat': 1. boat - (ride in a boat on water)`
Super-classes	RecreationalActivity^c OutdoorActivity^c WaterTravel^c
Sub-classes	Canoeing^c PaddlingABoat^c Rafting^c

Bobcat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bobcat`
Description	A ''Bobcat'' is a type of ''Lynx'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bobcat' in WordNet: 1. bobcat, bay lynx, Lynx rufus - (small lynx of North America)`
Super-classes	Lynx^c
Restrictions	hasAttribute^op value SmallForaLynx^c hasTypicalHabitat^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthAmericaRegion^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Bobsled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bobsled`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bobsled' in WordNet: 2. bobsled, bobsleigh, bob - (a long racing sled (for 2 or more people) with a steering mechanism)`
Super-classes	Sled^c

Bodily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bodily`
Description	'Bodily' is the attribute of something that pertains to a Person's body. This is usually used to distinguish processes and effects directly affecting the body from those that primarily affect the mind ('Mental'). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'bodily' and sense 1 of 'physical' in WordNet: WN 'bodily' 1. bodily - (of or relating to or belonging to the body; 'a bodily organ'; 'bodily functions') 2. bodily, corporal, corporeal, somatic - (affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit; 'bodily needs'; 'a corporal defect'; 'corporeal suffering'; 'a somatic symptom or somatic illness') WN 'physical' 1. (29) physical - (involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit; 'physical exercise'; 'physical suffering'; 'was sloppy about everything but her physical appearance')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Sensual^c

BodilyCoordination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodilyCoordination`
Description	''BodilyCoordination'' is a type of ''BodyMovementEvent'' performed by a Person in which the body parts moved, especially the hands and arms and legs and torso, move together smoothly to perform actions efficiently, and sometimes gracefully. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coordination' in WordNet: 1. (1) coordination - (the skillful and effective interaction of movements)`
Super-classes	BodyMovementEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Efficient^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

BodilyFunctionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodilyFunctionEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$AnimalActivity and #$PhysiologicalProcess. Each specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent is a type of action done by an animal that can be (and often is) done without the doer's conscious volition. Specializations of #$BodilyFunctionEvent include #$Breathing, #$Swallowing, and #$DigestionEvent. If an instance of #$BodilyFunctionEvent involves the doer moving all or part of its body, either volitionally or as a reflex, it is also an instance of #$BodyMovementEvent.
Super-classes	SingleDoerAction^c PhysiologicalProcess^c AnimalActivity^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalReproductionEvent^c Sneering^c BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c Frowning^c MuscleContraction^c Laughing^c Spitting^c Exhaling^c Grinning^c Impregnation^c TickBiting^c FleaBiting^c Crying^c Shedding^c Swallowing^c Smirking^c Smiling^c Inhaling^c Grimacing^c

BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary`
Description	A specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent. Each specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary is a type of event each instance of which is done without conscious volition. Consequently, in each instance of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, the 'doer' of the event is a non-deliberate actor in that event (see the predicate #$nonDeliberateActors). Specializations of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary include #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement, #$Bleeding, and #$ExperiencingHunger. `SUMO (AutonomicProcess) The class of PhysiologicProcesses of which there is not conscious awareness and control`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c BiologicalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Involuntary^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	DigestionEvent^c BodilyResponse^c Bleeding^c Ovulating^c FaintingEvent^c Salivating^c Dreaming^c ImmuneResponse^c Sweating^c Spasm^c InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c Nosebleed^c Menstruating^c Respiration^c

BodilyOrifice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodilyOrifice`
Description	Instances of #$BodilyOrifice are animal body parts, such as #$Nostrils, consisting of surface openings that lead into bodily cavities. `COSMO note: this sense of 'orifice' includes internal openings in the body. For external openings use 'ExternalOrifice' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orifice' in WordNet: 1. (2) orifice, opening, porta - (an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity; "the orifice into the aorta from the lower left chamber of the heart")`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c CavityWithWalls^c OrganismAperture^c Portal^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op some Animal^c
Sub-classes	ExternalOrifice^c

BodilyResilient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodilyResilient`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resilient' in Wordnet: 1. resilient - (recovering readily from adversity, depression, or the like)`
Super-classes	Stalwart^c

BodilyResponse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodilyResponse`
Description	Any internal biochemical Event occurring inside an AnimalBody caused by some stimulus, usually external, but possibly internal (e.g. a pain caused by an Event, such as an infection). The 'adverse reaction'or 'side effect' ased by administered drugs would be a common subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'response' in WordNet: 2. (11) reaction, response - (a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent; 'a bad reaction to the medicine'; 'his responses have slowed with age')`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c Responding^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value AnimalBody^c
Sub-classes	StartledMovement^c BlushingResponse^c DrugSideEffect^c ImmuneResponse^c

Boding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boding`
Description	''Boding'' is a type of ''Indicating'' in which signs present in some situation foretell (by any criterion) the likely occurrence of some FutureEvent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bode' in WordNet: 1. (1) bode, portend, auspicate, prognosticate, omen, presage, betoken, foreshadow, augur, foretell, prefigure, forecast, predict - (indicate by signs; 'These signs bode bad news')`
Super-classes	Indicating^c
Restrictions	signifies^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)

BodyBearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyBearing`
Description	''BodyBearing'' is an AttributeType that includes both static and dynamic positions of an animal's body - describing how an animal moves or the type of position that describes the body's form, shape, or configuration when it is not moving. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bearing' in WordNet: 4. carriage, bearing, posture - (characteristic way of bearing one's body; 'stood with good posture')`
Super-classes	BodyProperty^c
Sub-classes	Gracefulness^c Posture^c

BodyBlow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyBlow`
Description	A ''BodyBlow'' is a ''Blow'' (a forceful ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'') that impacts some part of an animal's body. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blow' in WordNet: 1. (25) blow - (a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon; 'a blow on the head')`
Super-classes	Blow^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op value Animal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c
Sub-classes	Knockout^c BlowToTheHead^c

BodyCapsule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyCapsule`
Description	A ''BodyCapsule'' is a ''Capsule'' that is part of the body of an Organism. This is generic, so it has little detail. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'capsule' in WordNet: 5. capsule - (a structure that encloses a body part)`
Super-classes	Capsule^c
Sub-classes	Eyeball^c

BodyCavity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyCavity`
Description	Any enclosed space inside an animal that can contain fluid (gas or liquid), or other body parts, such as the peritoneal cavity.. A ''Cavity'' that is an evolutionarily developed part of an Animal Body. `COSMO note: BodyCavity is interpreted as similar to a ''CavityWithWalls'' but does not have to be coompletely enclosed by well-defined walls; this is mostly the pure space region, not the contents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bodily cavity' in WordNet: 1. cavity, bodily cavity, cavum - ((anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body)`
Super-classes	CavityOrContainer^c Chamber^c
Sub-classes	Cecum^c Armpit^c Sinus^c EyeSocket^c Sac-Organic^c ChestCavity^c

BodyCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyCovering`
Description	Any BodyPart which is a covering of another BodyPart or of an entire Organism. This would include the rinds of FruitOrVegetables and the skins of Animals, and the TreeBark of Trees.
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c BodyPart^c SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c Layer^c
Sub-classes	SeaShell^c AnimalShell^c PlantCovering^c Skin^c ClamShell^c SeedHusk^c TreeBark^c

BodyFitness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyFitness

Description

''BodyFitness'' is a subtype of ''BodyStrength'' indicating not only muscular strength but overall good condition including ''Stamina''..

  See the state ''PhysicalFitness'' for the State of a Person
     having the associated attribute ''PhysicallyFit''.

Super-classes BodyStrength^c

BodyFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyFluid`
Description	BodyFluids are fluids found in the bodies of animals, or secreted by animal, being predominantly water,but are not necessarily solely solutions, they may contain solids such as cells (in blood, urine). Extracellular material and mixtures of cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or secreted by an Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, sweat, and gastric acid. Note that these substances are defined as liquids, and therefore frozen or dried forms do not fall into this category. If solid forms need to be represented, a different category related to this category can be created. `NOTE: some of the terms in this synset are used only for the subtype ''InternalBodyFluid''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'body fluid' in WordNet: 1. liquid body substance, bodily fluid, body fluid, humor, humour - (the liquid parts of the body)`
Super-classes	LiquidMixture^c BodySubstance^c
Sub-classes	InternalBodyFluid^c Pus^c Saliva^c Tears^c Sweat^c Semen^c Vomit^c

BodyLocalized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyLocalized

Description

'Localized' is an AttributeValue of ''PhysiologicalCondition''s, ''AilmentCondition''s or medical treatments (such as Anaesthesia) that affect only part of the body.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'local' in Wordnet:
           3. local - (affecting only a restricted part or area of the body; 'local anesthesia')

Super-classes Localized^c

BodyLocationAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyLocationAttribute`
Description	Each ''BodyLocationAttribute'' is an AttributeValeu that asserts that the thing characterized is located at some particular part (or part type) in the body of some animal. `This kind of attribute can use both ''pertainsTo'' and ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt'' to specify the location of the thing characterized.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c LocationAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Dorsal^c Medial^c Lateral^c Facial^c Sagittal^c Spinal^c

BodyMarking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyMarking`
Description	A ''BodyMarking'' is a ''mark'' on the skin of a Person, anywhere on the body.
Super-classes	SymbolicObject^c Mark^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Skin^c isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousForeheadMark^c Tattoo^c

BodyMovementEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyMovementEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$AnimalActivity. Each instance of #$BodyMovementEvent is an event in which an #$Animal moves a part of its own body, whether intentionally or reflexively. Specializations of this collection include #$TakingAStep, #$BlockingAPunch, #$Hiccoughing, and #$Blinking. `NOTE: there should be a subtype for specifically human movements? @ToDo. SUMO: called BodyMotion. SUMO: Any Motion where the agent is an Organism and the patient is a BodyPart. COSMO note: SUMO does not distinguish between voluntary and involuntary body movements, though the subtypes are all voluntary. To be inclusive, this Type is considered the equivalent of SUMO 'BodyMotion'.`
Super-classes	MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c PerceivableHumanAction^c AnimalActivity^c Motion^c SingleDoerAction^c
Sub-classes	PulseRate^c ScratchingAnItch^c MakingAnOralSound^c BodilyCoordination^c ArmMovement^c WholeBodyMovement^c Trembling^c Stumbling^c StartledMovement^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c Quickening^c Coughing^c Farting^c Swallowing^c Burping^c Fidgeting^c Cringing^c TakingAStep^c Creeping^c Hustling^c InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c SuckingOnSomethingInMouth^c

BodyOfAcceptedLore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyOfAcceptedLore`
Description	BodyOfAcceptedLore is the type that represents all bodies of knowledge in some FieldOfStudy - whether scholarly or less formal - that are generally accepted by the practitioners in that field. A BodyOfAcceptedLore is one component of a FieldOfStudy - the other component being he methods of that field.
Super-classes	Proposition^c Group^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op only FieldOfStudy^c hasComponentElement^op only Fact^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HistoricalFacts

BodyOfFreshWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyOfFreshWater`
Description	NOTE: this is a physical object consisting mostly of water and partly of the surface solid that serves as a container for the water. It is, not a region or area or substance. `SUMO: 'FreshWaterArea'`
Super-classes	FreshWaterObject^c BodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water-Fresh^c
Sub-classes	Pond^c Aquifer^c StreamSection^c Stream^c

BodyOfIce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyOfIce`
Description	A ''BodyOfIce'' is a large ''PlanetarySurfaceObject'' that consists mostly of ''Ice'' and persists on land for more than a year, though in water it could last a shorter time - it is not just a sheet of Ice on the ground in the winter time. This is mostly for ''Glacier''s and sheets of ice (as in Greenland an Antarctica). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice mass' in WordNet: 1. ice mass - (a large mass of ice)`
Super-classes	LargeObject^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c IceMass^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	IceCap^c Glacier^c

BodyOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyOfPeople`
Description	A ''BodyOfPeople'' is any ''GroupOfPeople'' who share some attribute or each perform Actoin, and who forms the ''Majority'' of some larger ''GroupOfPeople''. The type of relation that can characterize this ''BodyOfPeople'' is too varied to enumerate. `RHS 'body': 12. the major portion of an army, population, etc.: The body of the American people favors the president's policy. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'body' in WordNet: 3. (160) body - (a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; 'the whole body filed out of the auditorium')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c Majority^c
Restrictions	isTheMajorityOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jews^c
Sub-classes	Diaspora^c

BodyOfSaltWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyOfSaltWater`
Description	SUMO: A WaterArea whose Water is saline, e.g. oceans and seas. OpenCyc: SeaWater: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$LiquidTangibleThing and #$Water-Saline. Each instance of #$SeaWater is a portion of salt water with the kind of mineral concentrations found in oceans (see the collection #$Ocean) - - including the oceans themselves.
Super-classes	BodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water-Saline^c
Sub-classes	Sea^c Strait-Waterway^c Sound-BodyOfWater^c OceanChannel^c CoastalWaters^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtlanticOceanRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalticSeaRegion

BodyOfWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyOfWater`
Description	NOTE: this is a physical object located on or near the surface of a planet, which contains mostly water, but will also include a part of the land which serves as container ('basin') for the water; thus it is a subtype of 'ContainerAndContents'. Instances of this type can be located underground, such as the subtype ''Aquifer''. To adhere to common usage, however, the portion of the container that is part of the BodyOfWater will be a very small fraction, so that a ''BodyOfWater'' can be considered as a LiquidObject. A ''BodyOfWater'' must have some degree of stability, so a 'puddle'of water after a rainstorm is a ''WaterObject'' but not a ''BodyOfWater''. This usage differs from other ontologies for similar concepts. This is not a region or area, but it can serve (as can other physical objects) as a location. Certain bodies of water can be 'located at' themselves, when they occupy a named region, such as a river. Every physical BodyOfWater should specify the region in which it is located, which may have the same name. For logical clarity, we distinguish regions of geographic space containing water from the water itself, though in ordinary speech the distinction may not be made, and may not in specific cases be important. Where the object itself may be most significant is in cases where one discusses the composition of the water, e.g. salinity, pollution, etc. @ToDo: the water of a BodyOfWater may need to be represented as a separate object (the contents, related by the 'hasContents' relation) - this will wait until usage requires it. CYC2 has functions that can return the water part and the basin part, separately. These may be added to an FOL implementation. For spatial regions coinciding with bodies of water, use 'WaterRegion'. The SUMO terms 'BodyOfWater' and 'WaterArea' were merged in this Type SUMO: (bodyOfWater) A BodyOfWater is a connected body of water with established boundaries marked by either geographical features or conventional borders. SUMO: (WaterArea) A body at the surface of the Earth which is made up predominantly of water, e.g. rivers,lakes, oceans, etc. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of topographical features. Each instance of #$BodyOfWater is a natural or artificial body of water. Instances may belong to specializations as #$Lake, #$Stream, and #$Ocean. #$BodyOfWater includes #$Reservoirs, #$Canals, and navigation channels that are developed and/or enlarged by humans. However, it does not include smaller purely-artificial bodies of water such as #$SwimmingPools or tanks of water. #$Glaciers and snowpacks are not included, but lakes and ponds that are sometimes liquid are included, even if they have an ice crust or are solidly frozen. Examples of #$BodyOfWater: #$HudsonBay, #$PanamaCanal, #$AdriaticSea, #$BayOfBengal, #$NiagaraFalls. OpenCyc2 Feb 17,2010: Unique ID: [ Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ] A specialization of TopographicalFeature. Each instance of BodyOfWater is a natural or artificial topographical feature consisting of a relatively large volume of water primarily in liquid form, contained by an instance of Basin_Topographical. Both the basin and the water are considered parts of the BodyOfWater; see basinOfBodyOfWater and waterOfBodyOfWater. Specializations of BodyOfWater include Ocean, Lake, River, Canal, and Harbor. Note that relatively small, purely artificial containers of water (such as swimming pools or tanks of water) are not instances of BodyOfWater. Moreover, topographical features such as Glaciers or snowfields, which contain a large volume of water primarily in solid form, are also not instances of BodyOfWater. NOTE that although a ''PhysicalObject'', the default mass is set at the ''unknown'' value of '-1', which can be overridden when the actual mass is known. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'body_of_water' in WordNet: 1. (1) body of water, water - (the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean); 'they invaded our territorial waters'; 'they were sitting by the water's edge')
Super-classes	TopographicalFeature^c WaterObject^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c GeographicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water^c hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c
Sub-classes	ShippingLane^c BodyOfWater-Large^c ShallowBodyOfWater^c Estuary^c Waterfall^c Inlet^c BodyOfSaltWater^c NavigableWaterSurface^c Cascade^c Canal^c Waterway^c BodyOfFreshWater^c WhiteWater^c StaticWaterArea^c Harbor^c
In domain of	flowsInto^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthSeaAndGulfOfFinland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheStraitOfHormuz

BodyOfWater-Large^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyOfWater-Large`
Description	CYC: Bodies of water which are substantial in some sense. For example, a #$Puddle or a small #$Creek are not substantial bodies of water, but #$Oceans and many #$Lakes are. A #$BodyOfWater-Large tends to be permanent, not seasonal (though there are exceptions). Large bodies of water count as water area in geographical calculations, while non-large bodies of water do not. `NOTE: the minimum diameter is specified as 10,000cm (100 meters) This is not necessarily a ''NaturalObject'', as a ''Dam'' can create ''BodyOfWater-Large'' that is not by itself ''Natural''.`
Super-classes	LargeObject^c BodyOfWater^c SwimmableWaterObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10000.0^c
Sub-classes	Lake^c Sea^c NavigableRiver^c Gulf^c Bight^c Bay^c

BodyOfaCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyOfaCommunication`
Description	The ''BodyOfaCommunication'' is the central part of the content of some ''CommunicationAct-Single'', a ''Speaking'' action or eectronic communications or a text, each produced by one creator (not a multi-way conversation). `Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'body' in WordNet: 9. (1) body - (the central message of a communication; 'the body of the message was short')`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostSignificant^c isProducedByEventType^op value CommunicationAct-Single^c isaPartOf^op value Information-Content^c

BodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyPart`
Description	CYC: A collection of Cells, Tissues, structural parts, or subcellular components, which are localized to a specific area of an Organism (plant, animal, microorganism) and which are not pathological. The instances of this Class range from gross structures to small components of complex Organs, or even subcellular organelles or cellular components. The term 'Body' in the name of this type may be misleading, because it includes parts of microorganisms, which are not usually called 'bodies'. @@ToDo: Create a subtype and change the name? `Note that this is a Role, which only means that the part was created or evolved for the purpose of being a part of an organism. When removed from the organism, it is still a BodyPart, but will have different attributes (e.g., not in situ). NOTE that this includes only solid parts containing cells; blood and lymph are not included here, see 'BodyFluid'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'body part' in WordNet: 1. (2) body part - (any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c OrganismPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Organism^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	FlankOfAnAnimal^c AnimalBodyPart^c MetazoanCell^c HipAndRibCage^c AbnormalAnatomicalStructure^c AnatomicalStructure^c Cakra^c BodySurface^c BodyCovering^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c

BodyPartDysfunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyPartDysfunction`
Description	A ''BodyPartDysfunction'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which some BodyPart does not perform its normal activity, but does not spread to other body parts or affect the entire organism. This is not for infectious diseases. ?Difference from 'ailment'?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dysfunction' in WordNet: 1. dysfunction, disfunction - ((medicine) any disturbance in the function of an organ or body part)`
Super-classes	Disability^c AilmentCondition^c DysfunctionalCondition^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op some AnimalBodyPartType^c
Sub-classes	BirthDefect^c Paralysis^c Osteoporosis^c

BodyPassageway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyPassageway`
Description	A 'BodyPassageway' is a ''Path-Physical'' located inside of an AnimalBody that allows flow of fluids or semisolids from one part of the body to another. The main function may be, as in the ''EarCanal'', to allow passage of sound waves from outside the body to the tympanic membrane. `Nouns 'meatus' and 'passageway 2' in WN have the same parent, and seem to both refer to body passageways, so they appear indistinguishable and are merged here. Includes noun sense 2 of 'passageway' and noun sense 1 of 'meatus' in WordNet: WN noun 'passageway': 2. (1) passage, passageway - (a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; 'the nasal passages') WN noun 'meatus': 1. meatus - (a natural body passageway)`
Super-classes	TubularObject^c Path-Physical^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value AnimalBody^c
Sub-classes	EarCanal^c AnatomicalVessel^c

BodyPositionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyPositionEvent`
Description	Each 'BodyPositionEvent' is a static situation in which an animal maintains a particular body position for some interval of time - sitting, standing, lying down, leaning on something, hanging from something. This is a generic type mostly used to collect situations like sitting or standing. Dynamic actions such as 'Running' are included under 'AnimalActivity'
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c PhysicalSituation^c
Sub-classes	Posing^c SittingOrLyingPosture^c BendingOverState^c StandingOnTipToes^c Posture^c StandingUprightEvent^c

BodyProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyProperty`
Description	''BodyProperty'' is an ''AttributeType'' whose values specify some AttributeValue of the ''Body'' of an ''Animal'' (including people). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bodily property' in WordNet: 1. bodily property - (an attribute of the body)`
Super-classes	Trait^c BiologicalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Fatness^c BodyBearing^c

BodySensation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodySensation`
Description	An internal Sensation (not from one of the five 'senses') caused by physiological processes of various types. Examples are hunger and pain. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'somatesthesia' in WordNet: 1. somesthesia, somaesthesia, somatesthesia, somatic sensation - (the perception of tactual or proprioceptive or gut sensations; 'he relied on somesthesia to warn him of pressure changes')`
Super-classes	Sensation^c
Sub-classes	SexualDesire^c Weariness^c OnePulse^c Thirst^c Orgasm^c Hunger^c UnpleasantSensation^c

BodyStrength^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyStrength`
Description	This is an AttributeType characterizing the ability of some animal to exert force by using its muscles. The AttributeValues that instantiate this type have not yet (r885) been created. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brawn' and sense 2 of 'muscularity' and part of sense 1 of 'strength' in WordNet: 1. brawn, brawniness, muscle, muscularity, sinew, heftiness - (possessing muscular strength) WN noun 'strength': 1. (42) strength - (the property of being physically or mentally strong; 'fatigue sapped his strength')`
Super-classes	Strength^c
Sub-classes	BodyFitness^c

BodySubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodySubstance`
Description	Extracellular material and mixtures of cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted by some Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, and gastric acid. This includes any substances produced by an organism, whether excreted or retained by the organism, and is not necessarily organic; it may be decarbonized bone or shell material. `Since we want to include chemically defined substances, the subtypes are not necessarily mixtures. @ToDo NOTE: Honey is a subtype in SUMO, so these substances may not always exist as such inside the animal. Probably a differentiation should be made. Most BodySubstances are liquid - see 'BodyFluid'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'body substance' in WordNet: 1. body substance - (the substance of the body)`
Super-classes	ExistingStuffType^c
Sub-classes	BodySurfaceSubstance^c Milk^c AnimalSubstance^c ExcretionSubstance^c Protoplasm^c BodyFluid^c Mucus^c Tissue^c SolidBodySubstance^c Hormone^c

BodySurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodySurface`
Description	The surface on any Organism - this does not have to be a well-defined substance such as ''Skin'', it merely serves as a location.
Super-classes	BodyPart^c SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c Layer^c

BodySurfaceSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodySurfaceSubstance`
Description	A ''BodySurfaceSubstance'' is any substance that is produced by the body and is typically on the surface of an animal body: skin, hair, feathers, sweat. Things that are the patient of ''Shedding'' are of this type.
Super-classes	BodySubstance^c AnimalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some BodySurface^c
Sub-classes	Sweat^c

BodySwelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodySwelling`
Description	A ''BodySwelling' is the ''OrganicObject'' that is in a visibly swollen (enlarged) area on the surface of an AnimalBody - usually used for People. This area is the product of a ''SwellingEvent''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'swelling' in WordNet: 1. (2) swelling, puffiness, lump - (abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Swollen^c isProducedByEventType^op value SwellingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Oedema^c

BodyTract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodyTract`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tract' in WordNet: 2. (3) tract - (a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c PhysiologicalSystem^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2
Sub-classes	UrinaryTract^c RespiratoryTract^c

Bodybuilding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bodybuilding

Description

COSMO: as a Sport this is treated as the specification of how to perform the activity, not as an Event. The Activity is a 'BodybuildingAction'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'body building' in WordNet:
        1. (1) bodybuilding, anaerobic exercise, muscle building, 
           musclebuilding - (exercise that builds muscles through tension)

Super-classes Gymnastics^c

BodybuildingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BodybuildingAction`
Description	COSMO: an action which is an execution of some maneuver intended to conform to the purpose and methods of 'Bodybuilding', which is a specification for the Sport. Such an actionis intended to increase the strength, and usually the size, of muscles. `In Cyc and SUMO called 'Bodybuilding'. Cyc: The collection of activities, including #$LiftingWeights, done with the intention of increasing muscle tone and size. SUMO: A sport which involves the development of one's Muscles and competition against other bodybuilders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bodybuilding' in WordNet: 1. (1) bodybuilding, anaerobic exercise, muscle building, musclebuilding - (exercise that builds muscles through tension)`
Super-classes	Strengthening^c ExercisingEvent^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value BodyStrength^c causesIncreaseIn^op value MuscleStrength^c hadObjectModified^op value Muscle^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Bodybuilding^c
Sub-classes	SquattingExercise^c ArmExercise^c WeightLifting^c

Bog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bog`
Description	A ''Bog'' is a low flat land are that is mostly moist and has a lot of decaying vegetation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bog' in WordNet: 1. (1) bog, peat bog - (wet spongy ground of decomposing vegetation; has poorer drainage than a swamp; soil is unfit for cultivation but can be cut and dried and used for fuel)`
Super-classes	Wetlands^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stagnant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c containsSubstance^op value Peat^c

BoggingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoggingDown`
Description	A ''BoggingDown'' is a ''HaltingEvent'' in which some vehicle becomes unable to move forward because it reaches soft or muddy ground in which it sinks and presents strong resistence to being pushed or pulled forward. This is the intransitive sense. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'bog down' in WordNet: 3. grind to a halt, get stuck, bog down, mire - (be unable to move further; 'The car bogged down in the sand')`
Super-classes	HaltingEvent^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value SoftGround^c occursAt^op value SoftGround^c hadMainParticipant^op some RoadVehicle^c isCausedBy^op value MiringaVehicle^c

Boiled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boiled

Description

''Boiled'' is a ''PastParticiple'' used in COSMO specifically for things that have been boiled in '"Water'', i.e. have experienced a (have been the patient of) ''BoilingSomethingInWater'' Event.

    NOTE: the WN gloss suggests that this is only for food, but
       other objects can also be ''Boiled''.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boiled' in WordNet:
            . boiled, poached, stewed - (cooked in hot water)

Super-classes Cooked^c

BoiledEgg^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoiledEgg

Description

This is a ''BirdsEgg'' and usually a ''HensEgg'' that has been in boiling water long enough to cause some perceptible solidification of the yolk or whites.

       CYC: An egg which has been boiled.

      For 'Soft boiled' the whites are not completely 
      solidified; for 'hard boiled' the whites are completely solidified.
      @ToDo: add these distinctions - sometime.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boiled agg' in WordNet:
        1. boiled egg, coddled egg - (egg cooked briefly in the shell in gently boiling water)

Super-classes Egg^c
BoiledFoodObject^c

BoiledFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoiledFoodObject`
Description	A ''FoodObject'' that has been exposed to Boiling water for some interval of time sufficient to change some of its properties - i.e. to make it a ''CookedFoodObject''. `Examples:''BoiledEgg''or boiled potatoes. CYC: 'Boiled': The subcollection of #$Food whose instances been boiled; a specialization of #$Cooked.`
Super-classes	CookedFoodObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value BoilingFood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Boiled^c
Sub-classes	BoiledEgg^c

Boiler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boiler`
Description	`In CYC 'Boiler-Device' Instances of this collection are sealed containers used to convert liquid water to steam. NOTE: a ''Boiler'' needs to be directly above a ''Firebox'' which provides the heat to boil the water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boiler' in WordNet: 1. (1) boiler, steam boiler - (sealed vessel where water is converted to steam)`
Super-classes	LiquidStorageTank^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BoilingWater^c isDirectlyAbove^op value Firebox^c isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	TeaKettle^c

Boiling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boiling`
Description	CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. In each instance of this collection some liquid matter is raised to its #$boilingPoint and is thereby changed from being in the #$Liquid-StateOfMatter to being in the #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter. (Note: this does not cover cases of heat or evacuation causing a solid to sublime directly into a gas.) See also #$BoilingFood, which is not a specialization of this collection since it is not the food itself which is being boiled but the water in which it is cooking. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'boil' in WordNet: 1. (6) boil - (come to the boiling point and change from a liquid to vapor; 'Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius')`
Super-classes	HeatingSomething^c Vaporization^c
Restrictions	heats^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	BoilingWater^c

BoilingAnEgg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoilingAnEgg`
Description	Cooking and Egg by immersing it in boiling water for some interval of time, usually one to five minutes.
Super-classes	BoilingFood^c
Restrictions	heats^op some FoodObjectType^c

BoilingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoilingFood`
Description	Cooking food by immersing it in boiling water, or by boiling a liquid food. NOTE: the act of boiling a liquid suspension that is itself the food is represented by the subtype ''Simmering''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'boiling' in WordNet: 2. boiling, stewing, simmering - (cooking in a liquid that has been brought to a boil)`
Super-classes	BoilingSomethingInWater^c CookingFood^c
Restrictions	heats^op some FoodObjectType^c produces^op value BoiledFoodObject^c
Sub-classes	BoilingAnEgg^c Stewing^c Simmering^c

BoilingSomethingInWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoilingSomethingInWater`
Description	''BoilingSomethingInWater'' is the intentional act of heating something to the temperature of 'boiling water' (100 deg.C at sea level atmospheric pressure) for some period of time to change its properties. Mostly used for the subtype ''BoilingFood'' but possibly for other things.
Super-classes	BoilingWater^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Boiled^c heats^op some ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	BoilingFood^c

BoilingWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoilingWater`
Description	''BoilingWater'' is the Action of intentionally (or automatically) ''Boiling' ''Water'' to either make 'Steam'' (e.g. for heating) or just to make boiling hot water (for tea or coffee or any other purpose). See ''BoilingSomethingInWater''
Super-classes	HeatingWater^c Boiling^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	BoilingSomethingInWater^c

Boisterous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boisterous`
Description	''Boisterous'' is an AttributeValue of a Person or GroupOfPeople that are noisy and unruly.and ''Disorderly''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boisterous' in WordNet: 1. (1) boisterous, rambunctious, robustious, rumbustious, unruly - (noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline; 'a boisterous crowd'; 'a social gathering that became rambunctious and out of hand'; 'a robustious group of teenagers'; 'beneath the rumbustious surface of his paintings issympathy for the vulnerability of ordinary human beings'; 'an unruly class')`
Super-classes	Noisy^c Disorderly^c Unruly^c
Sub-classes	Raucous^c

Bold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bold`
Description	The attribute of someone who has the trait of ''Boldness''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bold' in Wordnet: 1. (8) bold - (fearless and daring; 'bold settlers on some foreign shore'; 'a bold speech'; 'a bold adventure')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Brazen^c Adventurous^c

Boldly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boldly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'boldly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) boldly, with boldness - (in a bold manner; 'we must tackle these tasks boldly')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Boldness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boldness`
Description	''boldness'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' of Confidence that encourages people to do risky things. In COSMO this is a ''Feeling'', rather than a trait, as it can be temporary rather than haitual. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boldness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) boldness, daring, hardiness, hardihood - (the trait of being willing to undertake things that involve risk or danger; 'the proposal required great boldness'; 'the plan required great hardiness of heart')`
Super-classes	SelfConfidence^c PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Audacity^c

BollWeevil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BollWeevil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boll weevil' in WordNet: 1. boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis - (greyish weevil that lays its eggs in cotton bolls destroying the cotton)`
Super-classes	Pest^c Weevil^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value CottonBoll^c

BoloTie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoloTie`
Description	A ''BoloTie'' is a distinctive type of ''Necktie'' that is made from a cord-like fabric object, and fastened around the neck with a clasp that holds the two dangling strands of the tie together just below the neck, with some portionof each end hanging from the clasp.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bolo tie' in WordNet: 1. (1) bolo tie, bolo, bola tie, bola - (a cord fastened around the neck with an ornamental clasp and worn as a necktie)`
Super-classes	Necktie^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Cord^c hasComponentPart^op value OrnamentalClasp^c

Bologna^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bologna

Description

''Bologna'' in COSMO is the Substance,a type of ''Meat''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bologna' in WordNet:
          2. bologna, Bologna sausage - (large smooth-textured smoked sausage 
             of beef and veal and pork)

Super-classes LunchMeat^c
Sausage^c

Bolster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bolster`
Description	`RHW: 1. a long, often cylindrical, cushion or pillow for a bed, sofa, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bolster' in WordNet: 1. (1) bolster, long pillow - (a pillow that is often put across a bed underneath the regular pillows)`
Super-classes	Prop^c Pillow^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

Bolstering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bolstering`
Description	'Bolstering'' is a form of ''Reinforcing'' in which some type of ''Pillow'' is added to assist in supporting some Person in reclining or sitting position. The result will be a ''PersistentState'' during which something experiences a ''ProppingSomethingUp'' state. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'bolster' in WordNet: 2. bolster - (prop up with a pillow or bolster)`
Super-classes	Reinforcing^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op value Pillow^c causes^op value ProppingSomethingUp^c

BolsteringUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BolsteringUp`
Description	'Bolstering'' is a form of ''Reinforcing'' in which some Person or HumanActivity is made easier or less onerous by providing moral support or providing assistance of some kind. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bolster up' in WordNet: 1. bolster, bolster up - (support and strengthen; 'bolster morale')`
Super-classes	Reinforcing^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some ActionType^c

BoltOfCloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoltOfCloth`
Description	A ''BoltOfCloth'' is a ''PieceOfCloth'' that is plain and flat and continuous and not sewn or otherwise modified subsequent to its being woven (usually on a ''Loom'' of some kind), other than to be rolled, folded, or otherwise compacted for delivery to someone who will use it to make a ''FabricObject''. IN essence, raw material for manufactures.. `(need ''fabric factory' to be even more specific). Corresponds part ('cloth') of noun sense 5 of 'bolt' in WordNet: 5. bolt - (a roll of cloth or wallpaper of a definite length)`
Super-classes	PieceOfCloth^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByArtifact^op value Loom^c isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value MakingSomethingBySewing^c

Bomb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bomb`
Description	A specialization of #$ExplosiveDevice and #$MilitaryWeapon. Each instance of #$Bomb is a weapon designed to explode, thereby damaging people or property. Some instances of #$Bomb are meant to explode on impact. Some are dropped from a #$BomberPlane and can sometimes be remotely guided to change their fall towards the target. Other #$Bombs are meant to be hidden somewhere and explode after a certain time, e.g. #$Mine-Weapon are prime examples. The detonation can be triggered in many ways: by applying pressure to the bomb, or controlling it with a #$Clock or remote control. The important property of a #$Bomb is that the explosion is the primary means of destruction. Thus a #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet is not a #$Bomb even if it explodes on impact, because it is intended to penetrate the victim. A HandGrenade is also a Bomb. `SUMO: A weapon that explodes in order to cause damage. NOTE that not all bombs are used by military units therefore a Bomb is not necessarily a MilitaryAsset. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bomb' in WordNet: 1. (9) bomb - (an explosive device fused to explode under specific conditions)`
Super-classes	Weapon^c ExplosiveDevice^c
Sub-classes	Grenade^c HandGrenade^c NuclearBomb^c AerialBomb^c Mine-Weapon^c

Bombast^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bombast

Description

''Bombast'' is a ''RhetoricalManner' that is so pretentious as to not deserve tobe taken seriously or believed.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bombast' in WordNet:
          1. (1) bombast, fustian, rant, claptrap, blah - (pompous or pretentious talk or writing)

Super-classes RhetoricalManner^c

BomberPlane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BomberPlane`
Description	CYC: The collection of military #$Airplanes which are designed to be used in #$Bombing target sites. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bomber' in WordNet: 1. (9) bomber - (a military aircraft that drops bombs during flight)`
Super-classes	Warplane^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Bombing^c

Bombing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bombing`
Description	An instance of #$AttackTypeByWeaponType and a specialization of #$AttackOnTangible. Each instance of this of this collection is an event in which at least one bomb (see #$Bomb) is dropped or placed in a region and detonated. Each instance of #$Bombing has at least one instance of #$Explosion as a sub event. If no explosion occurs, the event is not an instance of #$Bombing. NOTE: @ToDo1515: with rocket-propelled ''Bomb''s this type may need several subtypes to distinguish the different ways a bomb can be delivered to its target: e.g. 'PlacingaBomb' or 'DroppingaBomb' of 'SendingaBombByRocket' (how does a drone 'bomb' its target?) 'SuicideBombing'? For now it covers all sybtypes. SUMO: An act of Destruction where the thing destroyed is destroyed by means of an explosive device. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bomb' and inicludeds noun senses 1 and 2 of 'bombing' in WordNet: 1. (3) bombard, bomb - (throw bombs at or attack with bombs; 'The Americans bombed Dresden') WN noun 'bombing': 2. bombing - (the use of bombs for sabotage; a tactic frequently used by terrorists)
Super-classes	ViolentAction^c BlowingSomethingUp^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Bomb^c
Sub-classes	AerialBombardment^c FirstStrike^c

Bond^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bond

Description

A 'FinancialSecurity' that cerifies that the issuer is indebted to the holder for some sum of money and will pau a certain interest per unit of time. At any given time it has a value in some currency, which may be higher or lower than the 'face value'. There may be several types of ''Bonds'' even within a single corporation, and the bonds may be privately held or publicly traded.

      This is also a subtype of 'MoneyObject' and is an AbstractObject.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bond' in WordNet:
          2. (13) bond, bond certificate - (a certificate of debt 
          (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by
          a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer 
          is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then
          a fixed sum to repay the principal)

Super-classes FinancialSecurity^c

Bonding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bonding`
Description	'Bonding' is a type of ''Fastening'' in which some ''BondingMaterial'' is used to bind two or more objects together by the adhesive action of the BondingMaterial, rather than by some topological constraints such as in nailing, screwing, or tying things together. `NOte: this has a transitive sense, but in WN only the intransitive sense seems to be included: For the instransitive sense of something continuing to bind to something else, use ''Adhering''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bond' and in WordNet: 1. (1) adhere, hold fast, bond, bind, stick, stick to - (stick to firmly; 'Will this wallpaper adhere to the wall?') WN noun 'bonding': 1. (1) bonding, soldering - (fastening firmly together)`
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value BondingMaterial^c usedSubstance^op value BondingMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Affixing^c Gluing^c

BondingConnection^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BondingConnection

Description

A 'BondingConnection'' is the connecting part of a PhysicalObject consisting of more than one object that were fastened together in a ''Fastening'' Action. This part hold (or jelp to hold) the two or more component objects together. AN example is a ''Nail'' that was used to fasten objects (usually wooden) together. Each such connecting part is an instance of this type.

       Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'bond' in WordNet:
         6. (1) attachment, bond - (a connection that fastens things together)

Super-classes Connection-Physical^c

BondingMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BondingMaterial`
Description	'BondingMaterial' is a subclass of Mixture whose instances may contain any of various minerals or organic substances, used in binding solid objects to each other.
Super-classes	Mixture^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Bonding^c
Sub-classes	Solder^c Cement-Structural^c Mortar^c Adhesive^c Glue^c

Bone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bone`
Description	A single bone, or some fused combination of bones often referred to as a single bone (.e.g. the skull). `For the substance called 'bone' use 'BoneTheStuff' Cyc: ('Bone-BodyPart')The collection of hard largely calcareous body parts of which the adult skeleton of most vertebrates is chiefly composed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bone' in WordNet: 1. (10) bone, os - (rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates)`
Super-classes	BoneStructure^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Skeleton^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value BoneTheStuff^c
Sub-classes	PalateBone^c Pubis^c Clavicle^c Vertebra^c ShoulderBone^c ArmBone^c Rib^c Cheekbone^c Sternum^c Metacarpal^c Jawbone^c Ilium^c FracturedBone^c MetaTarsal^c SmallBone^c HipBone^c Skull^c ShortBone^c Maxilla^c LegBone^c Hyoid^c LongBone^c Tooth^c

Bone-BodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bone-BodyPart`
Description	The cyc term for 'Bone'
Super-classes	Synonym^c

BoneMarrow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoneMarrow

Description

The object (not a substance) which is the marrow within one Bone.

     CYC 'Marrow': Tissue that is found in the center of bones

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bone marrow' in WordNet:
         1. (2) marrow, bone marrow - (the fatty network of connective tissue 
            that fills the cavities of bones)

Super-classes FattyTissue^c
AnimalBodyPart^c

BoneShaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoneShaft`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'shaft' in WordNet: 5. diaphysis, shaft - (the main (mid) section of a long bone)`
Super-classes	BoneSubPart^c MiddleOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LongBone^c

BoneStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoneStructure`
Description	A #$BoneStructure is a structure within a body composed of one or more #$Bone-BodyParts or #$BoneSubParts.
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value BoneTheStuff^c
Sub-classes	MetaTarsus^c Vertebrae^c MetaCarpus^c Skeleton^c Cranium^c SpinalColumn^c BoneSubPart^c Bone^c SkeletalStructure^c

BoneSubPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoneSubPart`
Description	A #$BoneSubPart is a distinuishable part (or all) of a #$Bone-BodyPart.
Super-classes	BoneStructure^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Bone^c
Sub-classes	Gladiolus^c BoneShaft^c Condyle^c

BoneTheStuff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoneTheStuff

Description

COSMO note: In COSMO, BoneTheStuff is a Substance, not an Object. In SUMO, a subtype of 'Tissue'. The 'BoneTheStuff' in COSMO is BoneTheStuff even afer it has been processed such as being carved into ornaments.

    Cyc:  Hard largely calcareous connective tissue of which
        the adult skeleton of most vertebrates is chiefly composed.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bone' in WordNet:
          2. (3) bone, osseous tissue - (the porous calcified substance 
            from which bones are made)

Super-classes StructuralSupportStuff^c
Tissue^c

Bonfire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bonfire`
Description	CYC: A large fire built in the open, typically for celebration or as a signal `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bonfire' in WordNet: 1. (3) bonfire, balefire - (a large outdoor fire that is lighted as a signal or in celebration)`
Super-classes	ControlledFire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c occursAt^op value OutdoorLocation^c

Bong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bong`
Description	This ''Bong'' is the sound made by a large Bell, as when a church bell tolls for a funeral. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bong' in WordNet: 1. bong - (a dull resonant sound as of a bell)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value LargeBell^c hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowPitch^c

Bong-Pipe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bong-Pipe`
Description	This sense of 'bong' is not included in WordNet. This type includes the 'bong' that is a kind of Hookah, but could include more portable devices for smoking marijuana. `RHW: bong (2) n. a type of hookah or water pipe for smoking marijuana or other drugs. [of uncert. orig.]`
Super-classes	SmokingDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SmokingMarijuana^c

Bonging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bonging`
Description	''Bonging'' is to emit a ''Bong'' sound, once or multiple times. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bong' in WordNet: 1. bong - (ring loudly and deeply; 'the big bell bonged')`
Super-classes	EmittingAWave^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Bong^c
Sub-classes	Tolling^c

Bonnet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bonnet`
Description	A type of ''Hat'' having a strap tied under the chin, allowing it to be held securely on the head (and not blown of by wind). Usually worn by women. It may or may not have a broad brim. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bonnet' in Wordnet: 1. (3) bonnet, poke bonnet - (a hat tied under the chin)`
Super-classes	Hat^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ChinStrap^c

Bonsai^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bonsai`
Description	CYC 'BonsaiTree': The collection of all ''Miniature'' #$Bushes or trees [#$Tree-ThePlant] which have been shaped and trimmed into the forms of full-sized trees. `NOTE: this is the tree itself, not the art of producing Bonsai trees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bonsai' in WordNet: 1. bonsai - (a dwarfed ornamental tree or shrub grown in a tray or shallow pot)`
Super-classes	ArtifactOrganism^c Tree^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Low^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Young^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Miniature^c

Bonus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bonus`
Description	A ''Bonus'' is anything that is given over and above what has been earned or payed for or expected, but is part of a sequence of actions that cause the giving, and it is not a ''Gift''. This is the generic 'bonus'; the work bonus to employees is the subtype ''PerformanceBonus'' @mod61 added . RHW: 1. something given or paid over and above what is due. 5. something extra or additional given freely: Every purchaser of a pound of coffee received a box of cookies as a bonus. `Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'bonus' in WordNet, but 'fillip' and 'stimulus' are not part of the sense.: 1. (1) bonus, fillip - (anything that tends to arouse; "his approval was an added fillip")`
Super-classes	SomethingGiven^c
Sub-classes	PerformanceBonus^c

Bony^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bony

Description

For an animal body to be ''Bony'' is to be so ''Lean'' that the lines of bones show through the skin (in a torso) or the limb or digit has little more diameter than the underlying bone plus a thin layer of flesh. This can be applied to the whole body or to part of a body ('bony fingers').

    isTheOppositeOf rdf:resource="#Fatty  (not yet represented)

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bony' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) bony, cadaverous, emaciated, gaunt, haggard, pinched, skeletal, wasted -
            (very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold; 'emaciated bony hands'; 
            'a nightmare population of gaunt men and skeletal boys'; 
            'eyes were haggard and cavernous'; 'small pinched faces';
            'kept life in his wasted frame only by grim concentration')

Super-classes Skinny^c

BonyFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BonyFish`
Description	A fish with bones (rather than cartilage. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bony fish' in WordNet: 1. bony fish - (any fish of the class Osteichthyes)`
Super-classes	Fish^c
Sub-classes	Minnow^c TunaFish^c Trout^c TropicalFish^c Marlin^c Teleost^c

BoobyTrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoobyTrap`
Description	A 'BoobyTrap' is a ''Device'' that is hidden and designed to trap or harm an animal that 'triggers' its action. This can be as simple as a hidden hole in the ground or as intricate as a LandMine. `This generic 'booby trap' is not directly represented in Wordnet, but the term is included in the subtype 'LandMine''.`
Super-classes	TrapDevice^c Hindrance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hidden^c
Sub-classes	LandMine^c

Booing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Booing`
Description	CYC: What you do when you don't like a performance. `WN includes 'boo' and 'hiss' which should be differentiated. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'boo' in WordNet: 1. (1) boo, hiss - (show displeasure, as after a performance or speech)`
Super-classes	InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c ExpressingEmotion^c MakingAnOralSound^c Vocalizing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rude^c expressesMentalState^op value Disapproval^c

Book-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Book-Abstract`
Description	A 'Book-Abstract' is the Abstract content (text and any illustrations) of a 'Book-Physical'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'book' in WordNet: 1. (785) book - (a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together); 'I am reading a good book on economics')`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c ConceptualWork^c AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only Book-Physical^c
Sub-classes	BookOfTheBible^c TextBook-Abstract^c TradeBook^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PriceDroodleBook http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheFourGospels http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheOriginOfSpecies http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsimovsGuideToTheBible http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImForMeFirst http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBookOfKells-Abstract

Book-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Book-Physical`
Description	An instance of a physical, bound (hardcopy or paperback) book (or scroll), the physical object, not the informational content (for which see 'Book-Abstract'). `It is not necessary that a ''Book-Physical'' be ''PrintedMaterial'' although it usually is. Especially older books were and-written, and a Diary might be considered as book of sorts. Perhaps a subtype should be created - 'printed book'?` The restriction requires that a ''Book-Physical'' have at least ten ''BookPage''s - if less than that, the object might better be represented as a 'pamphlet'or 'booklet'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'book' in WordNet: 2. (131) book, volume - (physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together; 'he used a large book as a doorstop')`
Super-classes	Publication^c Document-Physical^c Paper-IBO^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value BookPage^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only Book-Abstract^c
Sub-classes	LogBook^c PictureBook^c TextBook-Physical^c CookBook^c Catalogue^c Scrapbook^c PaperbackBook^c Notebook^c HardboundBook^c Booklet^c Album^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBookOfKells http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImForMeFirstPaperback12345 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PriceDroodleBook123

BookAppendix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookAppendix`
Description	A ''BookAppendix'' is an ''Addendum'' to a Book placed at the back. `NOTE that this is for the AbstractDocument - it will have physical representation in any published material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendix' in WordNet: 1. (6) appendix - (supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book)`
Super-classes	Addendum^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value Book-Abstract^c

BookCover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookCover`
Description	A '''BookCover'' is a ''Covering'' (an ''ArtifactObject'') that is designed to protect a ''Book-Physical'', and has three parts, the front cover, the back cover,and the binding ('spine'). `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cover' in WordNet: 4. (2) binding, book binding, cover, back - (the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; 'the book had a leather binding')`
Super-classes	ProtectiveCovering^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Book-Physical^c
Sub-classes	HardCover^c

BookOfTheBible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookOfTheBible`
Description	Each 'BookOfTheBible' is a ''Book-Abstract'' that contains one of the ''AbstractText''s that is considered (by some major religion) to be one of the parts of the Old Testament or New Testament that has been accepted and called a 'Book'. `NOTE this is a type because, although in theory there might be one such text for each ''Book'' but there are variants and translations that have been accepted as authoritative,and each may be considered as a subtype or instance of this type.`
Super-classes	PropositionalConceptualWork^c Book-Abstract^c AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value Bible^c isUsedInAction^op value Studying^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookOfExodus

BookPage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookPage`
Description	A ''BookPage'' is a ''PhysicalPage'' that is part of some ''Book-Physical''. `a ''Book-Physical'' should have at least ten of these. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'page' in WordNet: 1. (34) page - (one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPage^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Book-Physical^c
Sub-classes	SalientBookPage^c

BookRack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookRack`
Description	CYC:A type of furniture used for displaying books or magazines, different from a bookshelf in that the books/magazines are placed with their covers facing outwards (not with only their spines exposed.) `This can be found in libraries and stores that sell books or magazines. The backs are partly supported by a slanted flat surface. No WN sense. RHW 'bookrack': 1 a support for an open book. 2 a rack for holding books.`
Super-classes	Object-SupportingFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c Rack^c StorageConstruct^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToHold^op value Book-Physical^c

BookStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookStore`
Description	CYC: A local (one site) organization that sells books. `This includes stores owned by chains, unlike CYC usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookstore' in WordNet: 1. bookshop, bookstore, bookstall - (a shop where books are sold)`
Super-classes	RetailStore^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Book-Physical^c

BookText-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookText-Abstract`
Description	Each 'BookText-Abstract' is the textual portion of a 'Book-Abstract, not including graphical material.
Super-classes	WrittenWork^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some Book-Abstract^c

Bookbinding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bookbinding`
Description	''Bookbinding'' is a ''Handicraft in which books are bound by hand. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookbinding' in WordNet: 1. bookbinding - (the craft of binding books)`
Super-classes	Handicraft^c
Restrictions	produces^op value HardboundBook^c

Bookcase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bookcase`
Description	A ''Bookcase'' is a piece of furniture that has at least two shelves, used for holding books. `CYC 'Bookcase-PieceOfFurniture: A type of furniture used for storing and/or displaying books. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookcase' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bookcase - (a piece of furniture with shelves for storing books)`
Super-classes	Object-SupportingFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c StorageConstruct^c FurniturePiece^c HexalateralObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value StoringBooks^c hasComponentPart^op min 2

Bookend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bookend`
Description	A ''Bookend'' is designed to support books from fallng sideways on a shelf. Any sufficiently heavy object of the right size can be pressed into service as a 'bookend' but this is for artifacts specifically designed for that purpose, so it is not a Role. `CYC: The collection of bookends. A bookend is a device placed at the end of a row of books to keep them from falling over onto their sides. Bookends come in many shapes but the most common is an L shape, where the bottom of the L is placed under the books. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookend' in WordNet: 1. bookend - (a support placed at the end of a row of books to keep them upright (on a shelf or table))`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	supports^op value Book-Physical^c isNormallyLocatedAt^op value Bookshelf^c

Booking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Booking`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booking' in WordNet: 1. (6) engagement, booking - (employment for performers or performing groups that lasts for a limited period of time; 'the play had bookings throughout the summer')`
Super-classes	JobSituation^c
Restrictions	hadEmployee^op some Artist-Performer^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c isaSubEventOf^op value ArtAsaProfession^c
Sub-classes	Gig^c

BookingAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookingAgent`
Description	A ''BookingAgent'' is an ''Agent'' who negotiates an agreement that schedules 'gigs' for entertainment performances.
Super-classes	Agent^c
Restrictions	wasaSubstituteFor^op value Artist-Performer^c performsAction^op value BookingaGig^c

BookingaGig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookingaGig`
Description	''BookingaGig'' is ''RepresentingaPerformer'' in which the 'performer' is an ''Artist-Performer''and the Action of representing is performed by a ''BookingAgent'' and the EntertainmentPerformance booked is for one loation for some limited interval of time -.not a permanent engagement. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'book' in WordNet: 3. (61) book - (engage for a performance; 'Her agent had booked her for several concerts in Tokyo')`
Super-classes	RepresentingaPerformer^c Scheduling^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value BookingAgent^c

BookingaPerp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BookingaPerp`
Description	''BookingaPerp'' is the Action taken by a ''LawEnforcementOfficer'' that records a criminal charge against some Person who is a ''Suspect'', suspected of having committed some ''Crime''. `This Action creates a record in a 'police blotter' but that kind of document is not yet represented here. written record, written account, Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'book' in WordNet: 1. (243) book - (record a charge in a police register; 'The policeman booked her when she tried to solicit a man')`
Super-classes	MakingWrittenMaterial^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some LawEnforcementOfficer^c hadAffectedPerson^op some Suspect^c wasMotivatedBy^op some (Crime^c or ActionType^c)

Bookkeeper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bookkeeper`
Description	CYC: The collection of persons who prepare and interpret the financial records of a person or organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookkeeper' in WordNet: 1. bookkeeper - (someone who records the transactions of a business)`
Super-classes	Accountant^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Bookkeeping^c

Bookkeeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bookkeeping`
Description	''Bookkeeping'' is a subtype of ''Accounting'' that specifically is concerned with maintaining accurate records of transactions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookkeeping' in WordNet: 1. bookkeeping, clerking - (the activity of recording business transactions)`
Super-classes	Accounting^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Accountant^c isPerformedBy^op value Accountant^c isTheOccupationOfA^op value Accountant^c

Booklet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Booklet`
Description	Each ''Booklet'' is small paperback ''Book-Physical'', usually dealing with some specialized non-fiction topic. CYC 'Pamphlet': A collection of #$InformationBearingThings. They are generally small unbound books, usually less than 48 pages, their physical size smaller than normal hardback books. NOTE: there should be a subtype for 'bound' or stapled-together booklets, and a 'leaflet' may not qualify. Some day. Meanwhile this can be of any size and number of pages. ('one-page? 'broadside'?) See 'AdvertisingCircular' for abstract representation of 'circular, handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway'? = A subtype of 'advertisement'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booklet' in WordNet: 1. booklet, brochure, folder, leaflet, pamphlet - (a small book usually having a paper cover)
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nonfictional^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Sub-classes	Circular-Physical^c

Bookmark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bookmark`
Description	A ''Bookmark'' is a 'LocationMarker'' that is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' or other Thin Object that is placed in side a Book-Physical between two pages to mark a place where some Text of interest is located, and is sufficiently ''Conspicuous'' so as to make that place easy to find. This is not necessarily a flat object, though mst bookmarks are - a Thread or chain attached to an end object is sometimes used and/or designed for that purpose. `CYC 'BookmarkForBooks': An object that is intended to be inserted between the pages of a #$Book so that someone may easily find that place in the book. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookmark' in WordNet: 1. bookmark, bookmarker - (a marker (a piece of paper or ribbon) placed between the pages of a book to mark the reader's place)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c LocationMarker^c
Restrictions	isaSignOf^op value SalientBookPage^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conspicuous^c

Bookshelf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bookshelf`
Description	Any ''Shelf''designed for or adapted for the support and storage of ''Boook-Physical''s ,wide enough so that a book can be supported upright, usually with the binding showing, so the names can be recognized readily. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookshelf' in WordNet: 1. (2) bookshelf - (a shelf on which to keep books)`
Super-classes	Shelf^c
Restrictions	isNormallyLocatedAt^op value Building^c supports^op value Book-Physical^c

Bookworm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bookworm`
Description	This ''Bookworm'' is the insect, not the Person. RWH 'bookworm': 2. any of various insects that feed on books, esp. a booklouse. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booklouse' in WordNet: 1. booklouse, book louse, deathwatch, Liposcelis divinatorius - (minute wingless psocopterous insects injurious to books and papers)`
Super-classes	Insect^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Book-Physical^c

Boom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boom`
Description	A ''Noise'' that is sudden and loud and of short duration, but may be longer than a ''Bang''. A clap of thunder may be referred to as a ''Boom'' a ''Boom'' tends to be of lower pitch than a ''Bang'' sound. A small explosive device such as a firecracker may produce a ''Bang'', or sometimes the slamming of a door. A large explosion will tend to produce a ''Boom''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boom' in WordNet: 1. (2) boom, roar, roaring, thunder - (a deep prolonged loud noise)`
Super-classes	Noise^c
Sub-classes	Thunder^c

Boomer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boomer`
Description	A ''Boomer'' is a member of the ''BoomerGeneration'', bor from about 1946 to 1960. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boomer' in WordNet: 1. baby boomer, boomer - (a member of the baby boom generation in the 1950s; 'they expanded the schools for a generation of baby boomers')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value BoomerGeneration^c

BoomerGeneration^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoomerGeneration

Description

The ''BoomerGeneration'' is a ''GenerationOfContemporaries'' who were the People born during the years after the Second World War through the 1950's, when birth rates were higher than previously or afterward.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baby-boom generation' in WordNet:
          1. baby boom, baby-boom generation - (the larger than expected generation 
             in United States born shortly after World War II)

Super-classes GenerationOfContemporaries^c

Boomerang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boomerang`
Description	Hand-thrown 'missile' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boomerang' in WordNet: 1. boomerang, throwing stick, throw stick - (a curved piece of wood; when properly thrown will return to thrower)
Super-classes	ProjectileWeapon^c Stick^c Device-UserPowered^c CurvedObject^c
Restrictions	isPropelledBy^op value Hand^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Hunter^c

Booming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Booming

Description

''Booming'' characterizes a ''Thriving'' business or national economy. 'a booming economy'; 'a booming business'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'booming' in Wordnet:
          1. booming, flourishing, palmy, prospering, prosperous, roaring, thriving -
             (very lively and profitable; 'flourishing businesses'; 'a palmy time for stockbrokers'; 
             'a prosperous new business'; 'doing a roaring trade'; 'a thriving tourist center'; 
             'did a thriving business in orchids')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

BoomingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoomingSound

Description

A ''BoomingSound'' is a sharp loud low-frequency sound that resembles thunder or an explosion or anartillery piece being fired.

      Closest WN noun sense is 1 of 'boom'  in WordNet (but WN says 'prolonged' and
        this ''Boom'' is not necessarily prolonged, except if
        echoes are heard):
      in WordNet:
         1. (2) boom, roar, roaring, thunder - (a deep prolonged loud noise)

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Boon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boon`
Description	A ''Boon'' is a ''GoodCircumstances'' in which a particularly beneficial ('good') development has improved one's ''PersonalCircumstances'' such that the participant(s) feel as though the development could have been a 'blessing' from some deity granted to them (or just good luck if they don't believe in deities). `NOTE that this is the thing requested in a ''BlessingEvent'' - some favor from a deity, real or imagined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boon' in WordNet: 1. (1) blessing, boon - (a desirable state; 'enjoy the blessings of peace'; 'a spanking breeze is a boon to sailors')`
Super-classes	GoodCircumstances^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lucky^c isCausedBy^op value ImprovementEvent^c

Boor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boor`
Description	A ''Boor'' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' due to his/her ''Boorish'' and offensive behavior. `NOTE: 'tyke' is Scottish dialect - leave this label out for now to avoid confusion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boor' in Wordnet: 1. peasant, barbarian, boor, churl, Goth, tyke, tike - (a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement)`
Super-classes	DisagreeablePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Boorish^c

Boorish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boorish

Description

'Boorish' is the attribute of a Person who behaves in a manner so unrefined (''Rude'', ill-mannered) that it causes revulsion .

   NOTE: leaving out label 'neanderthal' until the historical
     meaning is represented - too much chance for confusion.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boorish' in Wordnet:
      1. boorish, loutish, neanderthal, neandertal, oafish, swinish -
      (ill-mannered and coarse and contemptible in behavior or appearance;
      'was boorish and insensitive'; 'the loutish manners of a bully';
      'her stupid oafish husband'; 'aristocratic contempt for the swinish multitude')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
Rude^c
Unpleasant^c

Boosting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boosting

Description

''Boosting'' is an ''IncreaseEvent'' caused by some ''IntelligentAgent'' soomewhat vaguely differentiated from other types of increase, where the increase is usually relatively small, less than 2-fold. Mostly used for increases affecting small numbers of people, such as a salary increase in one company.

        RHW: 3. to increase; raise: to boost prices; to boost the horsepower 
             of the car by 20 percent.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'boost' in WordNet:
          1. (3) hike, hike up, boost - (increase; 'The landlord hiked up the rents')
         WN noun 'boost':
           2. (1) rise, boost, hike, cost increase -
              (an increase in cost; 'they asked for a 10% rise in rates')

Super-classes Action^c
IncreaseEvent^c

Boot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boot`
Description	Footwear that covers the foot and ankle, and often the lower leg. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boot' in WordNet: 1. (13) boot - (footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg)`
Super-classes	ShoeOrBoot^c
Sub-classes	Galosh^c

Booty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Booty

Description

''Booty'' is ''StolenProperty'' that was was obtained by some form of theft, including theft as an acompaniment of military actions. Conceptually essentially identical to ''StolenProperty'' but labeled by more common terms.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booty' in WordNet:
          1. (1) loot, booty, pillage, plunder, prize, swag, dirty money - 
               (goods or money obtained illegally)

Super-classes StolenProperty^c

Borax^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Borax`
Description	`Wikipedia (part): Borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is an important boron compound, a mineral, and a salt of boric acid. Powdered borax is white, consisting of soft colorless crystals that dissolve in water. The formula for the octahydrate is given here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'borax' in WordNet: 1. borax - (an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Water^c

Border^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Border

Description

Each instance of the COSMO type 'Border' is an infinitely thin line or surface that is located at the limiting edge or surface of some two-or three-dimensional space. This does not include 'border regions' or edges on physical objects. The imaginary line dividing two geographical regions (such as countries) would be an instance.

       For the parts of PhysicalObjects that are considered as 'edges' (linear regions near
       to an intersection of planes, as on a 'Block') use 'EdgeOnObject'.
       For the sheet-like surface portions of 3-D PhysicalObjects, use 'SurfaceOnTangibleObject'.

    Cyc: A specialization of both #$SpaceRegionLimit and
        #$SpatialThing-Localized.  Each instance of #$Border is a
        spatial thing that constitutes the boundary between two
        other spatial things.  Specializations of #$Border include
        #$HumanRegionalBorder and #$TimeZoneBorder.

        Includes noun senses 1, and 3 and part (the line itself) of sense 2
          of 'border' in WordNet:
          1. (5) boundary line, border, borderline, delimitation, mete -
               (a line that indicates a boundary)
      2. (1) margin, border, perimeter - (the boundary line or 
          the area immediately inside the boundary)
          3. (1) edge, border - (the boundary of a surface)

Super-classes SpatialThing-Localized^c

Borderline^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Borderline

Description

''Borderline'' is a subtype of ''Small'' that means that the size of the thing described is so small it has little significance other than in cases where even a small difference (as in a game score) can make the difference between winning and losing. This type itself is somewhat vague and non-quantitative, but could have more precise subtypes.,

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'borderline' in Wordnet:
             1. (1) borderline, marginal - (of questionable or minimal quality;
               'borderline grades'; 'marginal writing ability')

Super-classes NegligiblySmall^c

Bored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bored`
Description	COSMO note: a FeelingAttribute of someone who is experiencing Boredom. Note that the Cyc usage is different. `Cyc. A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being bored. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bored' in WordNet: 2. (1) blase, bored - (uninterested because of frequent exposure or indulgence; 'his blase indifference'; 'a petulant blase air'; 'the bored gaze of the successful film star')`
Super-classes	FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Listless^c

Boredom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boredom`
Description	The attribute-type associated with dissatisfaction, weariness, or restlessness accompanied by a felt lack of interest in what is going on around one. A specialization of #$Listlessness. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - i.e. collections - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) NOTE: 'tedium' might be a subtpe of ''Boredom'' specifically for something taking a long time, rather than merely being uninteresting. NOTE: CYC 'Tedium' is somehow related to this, but the CYC gloss references CYC-specific elements not oviously related to this type. CYC 'Tedium': A specialization of #$Quantity-ScriptUse. This is the collection of all the instances of #$Quantity-ScriptUse that represent various levels of tedium with respect to events. Instances of this collection are usually formed by using the #$GenericValueFunctions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boredom' in WordNet: 1. (7) boredom, ennui, tedium - (the feeling of being bored by something tedious)
Super-classes	BeingTiredOfSomething^c EmotionalState^c Listlessness^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Bored^c
Sub-classes	Blahs^c

BoricAcid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoricAcid

Description

CYC: The collection of samples of boric acid; H3BO3.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boric acid' in WordNet:
         1. boric acid, orthoboric acid - (a white or colorless 
            slightly acid solid that is soluble in water and ethanol; 
            used in the manufacture of glass and paper and adhesives 
            and in detergents and as a flux in welding; also used 
            as an antiseptic and food preservative)

Super-classes Acid^c
InorganicMaterial^c

Boring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boring`
Description	An attribute of events or texts (abstract or physical) that signify that the person experiencing the Event was not only not stimulated, but bored (an unpleasant feeling). See also ''Endless'' for things that seem to go on forever (to long). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boring' in WordNet: 1. (2) boring, deadening, dull, ho-hum, irksome, slow, tedious, tiresome, wearisome - (so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness; 'a boring evening with uninteresting people'; 'the deadening effect of some routine tasks'; 'a dull play'; 'his competent but dull performance'; 'a ho-hum speaker who couldn't capture their attention'; 'what an irksome task the writing of long letters is'- Edmund Burke; 'tedious days on the train'; 'the tiresome chirping of a cricket'- Mark Twain; 'other people's dreams are dreadfully wearisome')
Super-classes	Dull^c Unpleasant^c Uninteresting^c
Sub-classes	Monotonous^c

BoringSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoringSomeone`
Description	''BoringSomeone'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event in which the resulting attribute is ''Bored''. The 'agent' of this Action can be an Event or a ''Person''. In the latter case, it is usually some action or attribute of the ''Person'' that causes ''Boredom''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bore' in WordNet: 1. (7) bore, tire - (cause to be bored)`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Boredom^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Bored^c

Born^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Born`
Description	''Born'' is an AttributeValue of an organism that experienced a ''BirthEvent''. It is used more generally and metaphorically to refer to anything brought into existence (in some particualr TimeInterval). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'born' in Wordnet: 1. (5) born - (brought into existence; 'he was a child born of adultery')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Alive^c
Sub-classes	Reborn^c Consumed^c

BornAgain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BornAgain`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'born-again' in Wordnet: 1. born-again, converted, reborn - (spiritually reborn or converted; 'a born-again Christian'; 'a converted sinner')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Boron^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boron

Description

In CYC an object; in COSMO a Substance.

    CYC: All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby
        molecules) of boron; typically, these will be tightly bound
        into  form, but not necessarily. )( All pieces (i.e.,
        specific collections of nearby molecules) of boron;
        typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form --
        but not necessarily

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boron' in WordNet:
          1. boron, B, atomic number 5 - (a trivalent metalloid element;
            occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder)

Super-classes NonMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Borough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Borough`
Description	A ''Borough'' is a subdivision of a City - the most prominent being any of the five boroughs of New York City.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'borough' in WordNet: 1. (3) borough - (one of the administrative divisions of a large city)`
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	isaPrimarySubdivisionOf^op value City^c isSmallerThan^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityNY_USA^c

Borrowed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Borrowed`
Description	''Borrowed'' is an Attribute of Objects (Physical or Abstract) that were obtained in a ''Borrowing'' Action (which implies a correlated reciprocal ''Lending'' Action).
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

BorrowedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BorrowedObject`
Description	A ''BorrowedObject'' is an Object (abstract or concrete) that was loaned in a Lending/Borrowing Event.
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some Borrowing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Borrowed^c wasTransferredInEvent^op some Lending^c
Sub-classes	Loan^c

Borrower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Borrower`
Description	A ''LegalAgent'' (individual or Organization) who has performed the Action of ''Borrowing'' and therefore initiates a state of ''Owing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'borrower' in WordNet: 1. (1) borrower - (someone who receives something on the promise to return it or its equivalent)`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c
Restrictions	hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op some (AgentType^c or Lender^c) performsAction^op value Borrowing^c

Borrowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Borrowing`
Description	SUMO; The subclass of of Getting Processes where one agent gets something from another agent, with the other agen't permission, for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest). This is the action of 'borrowing' from the perspective of the receiver; the perspective of the lender is represented by the reciprocal action 'Lending'. `COSMO: Each Lending implies a Borrowing, and vice versa; this alternation in meaning is partly accommodated by having both 'Lending' and 'Borrowing' be subtypes of 'Sharing'. The relationship of these two actions is specified by the 'hasReciprocalEvent' restriction. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'borrow' in WordNet: 1. (16) borrow - (get temporarily; 'May I borrow your lawn mower?')`
Super-classes	GainingControl^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c Sharing^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op some Lending^c
Sub-classes	FinancingaPurchase^c Refinancing^c FinancingaBusiness^c

Borzoi^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Borzoi`
Description	CYC: A collection of large dogs. Before 1936 in North America he was known as the Russian Wolfhound. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'borzoi' in WordNet: 1. borzoi, Russian wolfhound - (tall fast-moving dog breed)`
Super-classes	Hound^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value TrackingAnAnimal^c

Bosnian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bosnian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Bosnian' in WordNet: 1. Bosnian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Bosnia-Herzegovina or the people of Bosnia)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Boss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boss`
Description	A person who manages some Employee(s) in a business. NOTe that this includes people who are their own 'boss'. A 'foreman' would be a subtype. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'boss' in WordNet: 1. (6) foreman, chief, gaffer, honcho, boss - (a person who exercises control over workers; 'if you want to leave early you have to ask the foreman') 3. (1) boss - (a person who exercises control and makes decisions; 'he is his own boss now')`
Super-classes	Manager^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value Employee^c

Bossy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bossy

Description

''Bossy'' is an attribute of a person who tends to make demands or give advice that is not requested sufficient to be offensive.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bossy' in WordNet:
          1. autocratic, bossy, dominating, high-and-mighty, magisterial, peremptory -
             (offensively self-assured or given to exercising usually unwarranted power;
             'an autocratic person'; 'autocratic behavior'; 'a bossy way of ordering others around';
             'a rather aggressive and dominating character'; 'managed the employees in an aloof 
             magisterial way'; 'a swaggering peremptory manner')

Super-classes Offensive^c
PersonTraitValue^c

Botanical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Botanical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'botanical' in Wordnet: 1. botanic, botanical - (of or relating to plants or botany; "botanical garden")`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Botanist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Botanist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'botanist' in WordNet: 1. (1) botanist, phytologist, plant scientist - (a biologist specializing in the study of plants)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c Person^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Botany^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Plant^c

Botany^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Botany`
Description	''Botany'' is the branch of ''Biology'' that studies ''Plant''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'botany' in WordNet: 2. botany, phytology - (the branch of biology that studies plants)`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Plant^c

BothArms^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothArms`
Description	''BothArms'' is the Group of two arms on the same Person. This is used to refer to actions performed with both arms - usually human,but other primates may do things with both arms. `@TODo: specify right and left arms.??`
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 isAnOrganicPartOf^op exactly 1
Sub-classes	LongArms^c

BothBreasts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothBreasts`
Description	''BothBreasts'' is the Group of two ''Breast''s on the same Woman. This is included to represent a ''Brassiere'' properly - it may be useful for other purposes.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op max 2

BothEars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothEars`
Description	''BothEars'' is Group consisting of the two ''Ear''s on the same person.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c

BothEyes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothEyes`
Description	''BothEyes'' is the Group of two ''VertebrateEye''s still on the same Animal.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InSitu^c hasComponentElement^op value VertebrateEye^c
Sub-classes	TearyEyes^c WideOpenEyes^c

BothFeet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothFeet`
Description	''BothFeet'' is the Group of two 'Foot''s on the same Person.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

BothHands^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothHands`
Description	''BothHands'' is the Group of two 'Hand''s on the same Person.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

BothHeels^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothHeels`
Description	''BothHeels'' is the Group of two ''Heel''s on the same Person.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Heel^c

BothLegs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothLegs`
Description	A Group consisting of the ''RightHumanLeg'' and ''LeftHumanLeg'' of the same person.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value RightHumanLeg^c hasComponentElement^op value LeftHumanLeg^c

BothLips^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothLips`
Description	''BothLips'' is the Group of two ''HumanLip''s still on the same Person.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InSitu^c

BothParents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothParents`
Description	''BothParents'' is the Group of two ''Parent''s of the same Person. This is typically referred to as 'parents' or 'one's parents'.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasChild^op value Child^c hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

BothScores^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothScores`
Description	''BothScores'' is the Group of two ''IndividualScore''s in a ''DualScoreEvent''.
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c GameScore^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	DualFinalScore^c

BothSideburns^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothSideburns`
Description	A ''BothSideburns'' is a (usually matched in color and size) ''Pair'' of ''Sideburn''s, on the same Person.
Super-classes	FacialHair^c PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Sideburn^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matched^c

BothThumbs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothThumbs`
Description	''BothThumbs'' is the Group of two 'Thumb''s on the same Person.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

BothTusks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothTusks`
Description	''BothTusks'' is the Group of two ''Tusk''s still on the same elephant or Walrus.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InSitu^c hasComponentElement^op value Tusk^c

BothWings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BothWings`
Description	''BothWings'' is a ''Pair'' consisting of the two ''Wing''s on the same ''Bird''.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op exactly 1 hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

Bottle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bottle`
Description	A usually cylindrical (but sometimes boxlike) container designed for holding some quantity of liquid (although it may be repurposed for semiliquids or pourable granular solids) with a single portal at the end of a ''Constriction'' on the very top. The difference between a 'Jar' and a 'Bottle' in COSMO is only in the width of the opening, relative to the width of the container. For COSMO purposes, a Jar has an opening diameter at least half the maximum diameter of the cylindrical portion, and a 'Bottle' has an opening diameter less than half the maximum diameter. SUMO requires that a 'Bottle' have no handle, but that is not a requirement in COSMO. The small handles on some bottles do not disqualify them. A ''Bottle'' has to be small enough to be a ''PortableObject''. The part ''BottleNeck'' provides more detail about the characteristic features of a ''Bottle''. NOTE: some subtypes with handles are represented as a ''Jug''. SUMO: A Container whose top is narrower than its bottom, which has no handle, and which is intended to store Liquids. Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'bottle in WordNet: 1. (32) bottle - (a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids; typically cylindrical without handles and with a narrow neck that can be plugged or capped)
Super-classes	SmallObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c CylindricalHollowObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c LiquidContainer^c ContainerWithTopCap^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value BottleNeck^c hasEndingObject^op value BottleNeck^c
Sub-classes	GlassBottle^c Carafe^c WaterBottle^c Flask^c Jug^c

BottleCap^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleCap

Description

A 'BottleCap'is a 'TopCap' intended to be used as a ContainerLid for a Bottle, but is not a cork,and must extend over the sides of the portal so as to .

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottle cap' in WordNet:
         . bottlecap - (a cap that seals a bottle)

Super-classes TopCap^c

BottleFeedingAnInfant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleFeedingAnInfant

Description

Each 'BottleFeedingAnInfant' is a ''FeedingAnInfant'' Event in which someone suplies a Human infant with milk or some substitute similar nutriment from a bottle or similar container..

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bottlefeed' in WordNet:
         1. bottlefeed - (feed (infants) with a bottle)

Super-classes FeedingAnInfant^c

BottleGourd^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleGourd

Description

A type of gourd plant with a hard-shelled fruit used to make a ''GourdBottle''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottle gourd' in WordNet:
       1. bottle gourd, calabash, Lagenaria siceraria - (Old World climbing plant 
         with hard-shelled bottle-shaped gourds as fruits)

Super-classes GourdPlant^c

BottleNeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleNeck`
Description	This is the literal ''BottleNeck'', the narrow neck of a ''Bottle'' near the top that ends with the opening (''BottlePortal'') into and out of which liquids are placed and removed. `This detail is here because bottles have such a distinctive shape and are very common. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bottleneck' in Wordnet: 2. bottleneck - (the narrow part of a bottle near the top)`
Super-classes	Constriction^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op value Bottle^c hasFeature^op value BottlePortal^c isTheTopPartOf^op value Bottle^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Narrow^c
Sub-classes	NarrowBottleNeck^c

BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage`
Description	A ''BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage'' is a ''Bottle'' containing some quantity of an ''AlcoholicBeverage'' of any kind. " ContainedLiquidObject "
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c BottleOfStuff^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ContainedAlcoholicBeverage^c
Sub-classes	BottleOfWine^c BottleOfChampagne^c

BottleOfChampagne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleOfChampagne`
Description	A ''BottleOfChampagne'' is a ''BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage'', a subtype of a '''BottleOfWine'', containing. some quantity of ''Champagne''. This should be for a full bottle.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ContainedChampagne^c

BottleOfStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleOfStuff`
Description	A ''BottleOfStuff'' is a ''Bottle'' containing some quantity of a ''LiquidSubstance'' of any kind.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c ContainerAndContents^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ContainedLiquidObject^c hasComponentElement^op value Bottle^c
Sub-classes	BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage^c

BottleOfWine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleOfWine`
Description	A 'BottleOfWine'' is a ''BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage'' containing. some quantity of ''Wine''. This should be for a full bottle.
Super-classes	WineObject^c BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ContainedWine^c

BottleOpener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleOpener`
Description	A ''BottleOpener'' is an 'Opener'' designed to open ''Bottle''s. There are several kinds, inlcuding some that open srew-cap bottles as well as those that open corked bottles (such as subtype ''Corkscrew'') `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottle opener' in WordNet: 1. bottle opener - (an opener for removing caps or corks from bottles)`
Super-classes	Opener^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value OpeningaBottle^c

BottleOrJarPortal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottleOrJarPortal`
Description	A 'BottleOrJarPortal' a Portal located at the top of a Bottle or Jar or Jug, Flask, or dispenser can, through which the contents are put in or removed. `There should be a specification that the portal is located at the top side of the jar, but to avoid reifying the top side of every object, there should be a 'TopSideOf' function, and this restriction will be deferred until such functions are defined in an FOL implementation.`
Super-classes	Portal^c
Restrictions	isaFeatureOf^op value ContainerWithTopCap^c
Sub-classes	BottlePortal^c

BottlePortal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottlePortal`
Description	A 'BottlePortal' is the opening (''Portal'') at the top of a ''Bottle'' into which and from which liquids are poured into or poured from.
Super-classes	BottleOrJarPortal^c
Restrictions	isaFeatureOf^op value Bottle^c isaFeatureOf^op value Bottle^c

Bottled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bottled

Description

''Bottled'' is an attribute of ''LiquidSubstance''s that have been stored in a ''Bottle''. Gases need a separate type.

       Not WN sense for 'bottled'.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

BottledWater^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottledWater

Description

''BottledWater'' is drinking water stored in a ''Bottle'', usually by a commercial Organization.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottled water' in WordNet:
          1. bottled water - (drinking water (often spring water) that is put into bottles 
               and offered for sale)

Super-classes Water^c

BottlingaLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottlingaLiquid`
Description	''BottlingaLiquid'' is a ''PuttingSomethingIntoStorage'' and a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' where the 'something' is a Liquid and the 'somewhere' is a''Bottle''. `Includes verb sense 2 and part (forliquids) of sense 1 of 'bottle' in WordNet: 1. bottle - (store (liquids or gases) in bottles) 2. bottle - (put into bottles; 'bottle the mineral water')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value Bottle^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Bottled^c hadObjectMoved^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c

BottomOfAnOcean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottomOfAnOcean`
Description	A ''BottomOfAnOcean'' is the BottomPart of some ''Ocean'', or ofaconnected adjacent body of water (bay, etc.) `Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'floor' (TODO: parent needed for more accurate representation) in WordNet: 5. (1) floor - (the bottom surface of any a cave or lake etc.)`
Super-classes	BottomPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Ocean^c

BottomPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottomPart`
Description	The BottomPart of a TopAndBottomSidedObject is the PhysicalObject that is part below all the other parts in a gravitational field, when the TopAndBottomSidedObject is oriented as intended. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bottom' in WordNet: 2. (7) bottom - (the lowest part of anything; 'they started at the bottom of the hill')`
Super-classes	OrientedPart^c
Restrictions	isBelow^op value TopPart^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	BottomOfAnOcean^c Hull^c

BottomSide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottomSide`
Description	A specialization of #$Side. Each instance of #$BottomSide is the entire bottom side (as conventionally understood) of an object that has distinct sides, one of which faces down. `COSMO: Note that the BottomSide does not have to be physically below the TopSide if the object is not in its usual orientation (e.g. is lying on its side side). See also 'BaseOfObject' for a related concept. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottom' in WordNet: 1. (9) bottom, underside, undersurface - (the lower side of anything)`
Super-classes	Side^c
Restrictions	isBelow^op value TopSide^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	FootSole^c ShoeSole^c ShoeHeel^c

Botulin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Botulin`
Description	''Botulin'' is a ''Poison'' produce by bacteria of the 'Botulinus' genus.
Super-classes	FoodPoisoning^c

BotulinumToxin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BotulinumToxin

Description

A #$ToxicSubstance produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Causes #$Botulism when ingested in sufficient amounts.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'botulinum toxin' in WordNet:
          1. botulinum toxin - (any of several neurotoxins that are produced
           by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum; causes muscle paralysis)

Super-classes ToxicSubstance^c
Toxin^c
OrganicSubstance^c

Botulism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Botulism`
Description	''Botulism'' is a ''FoodPoisoning'' caused by ''BotulinumToxin'' produced by the bacterium 'Clostridium botulinum'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'botulism' in WordNet: 1. botulism - (food poisoning from ingesting botulin; not infectious; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly)`
Super-classes	FoodPoisoning^c
Restrictions	isCausedByExposureTo^op value BotulinumToxin^c

Boulder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boulder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boulder' in WordNet: 1. (1) boulder, bowlder - (a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin)`
Super-classes	StoneObject-Natural^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Round^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Bouncer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bouncer`
Description	A person hired to remove disorderly people from nightclubs, etc. In most real-world contexts most or all bouncers are men. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bouncer' in WordNet: 1. bouncer, chucker-out - (a person whose duty is to throw troublemakers out of a bar or public meeting)`
Super-classes	Employee^c PersonWithOccupation^c Guard^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ExpellingaPerson^c

Bound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bound

Description

''Bound'' is the attribute of a ''Document'' that experienced a ''DocumentBindingEvent''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'bound' in Wordnet:
        3. (2) bound - (secured with a cover or binding; often used as a combining form;
           'bound volumes'; 'leather-bound volumes')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Boundary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boundary`
Description	A ''Boundary'' is a one- or two-dimensional Region that has no volume and therefore no mass. The BFO 'Boundary' is unclear as to whether it is a plane or has some depth, but this interprets it as having no depth, The 'surface of the skin; would not be an instance; that would be a subtype of ''SurfaceOnTangibleObject'', which is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' and has some depth and mass. BFO 'ObjectBoundary': Comment: Boundaries are theoretically difficult entities to account for, however the intuitive notion of a physical boundary as a surface of some sort (whether inside or outside of a thing) will generally serve as a good guide for the use of this universal. BFO: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a lower dimensional part of a spatial entity, normally a closed two-dimensional surface. Boundaries are those privileged parts of object [snap:Object] entities that exist at exactly the point where the object [snap:Object] is separated off from the rest of the existing entities in the world. BFO: Examples: the surface of the skin, the surface of the earth, the surface of the interior of the stomach, the outer surface of a cell or cell wall BFO: Synonyms: substance boundary Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boundary' in WordNet: 1. (4) boundary, bound, bounds - (the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something)
Super-classes	Region^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c
Sub-classes	BoundaryPlane^c BoundaryLine^c

BoundaryLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoundaryLine`
Description	A 'BoundaryLine' is an intangible line that divides two two-dimensional regions or two PhysicalObjects. The restriction requires that the regions be specified, and they must be contiguous. In the case where the line separates PhysicalObjects, those objects must be oriented surfaces, so that the line on the surface can be projected in a direction parallel to the surface to create a dividing area - this is particularly useful for boundaries between geographical regions, both 2-D and 3-D (although in that case a ''BoundaryPlane'' might be more appropriate). `A 'BoundaryLine' is in effect a ''Margin'' of zero width. Includes noun sense 2 of 'boundary' and sense 1 of 'border' in WordNet: 2. (2) boundary, edge, bound - (a line determining the limits of an area) WN noun 'border': 1. (5) boundary line, border, borderline, delimitation, mete - (a line that indicates a boundary)`
Super-classes	Line^c Boundary^c Margin^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some RegionPair^c
Sub-classes	Watershed^c GeographicalBoundary^c Coastline^c

BoundaryPlane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoundaryPlane`
Description	A 'BoundaryPlane' is an intangible two-dimensional plane (not necessarily flat) that divides two three-dimensional regions or two PhysicalObjects. `A 'BoundaryPlane' is in effect a ''Margin'' of zero width. The boundary between two countries could be considered as a ''BoundaryPlane'' that extends from the center of the earth to the upper edge of the atmosphere.`
Super-classes	SpaceSurface^c Margin^c Boundary^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some RegionPair^c

Bountifulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bountifulness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bountifulness' in WordNet: 1. amplitude, bountifulness, bounty - (the property of copious abundance)`
Super-classes	Abundance^c

Bounty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bounty`
Description	A ''Bounty'' is a ''Reward'' offered or given by a ''GovernmentAgency''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bounty' in WordNet: 1. bounty, premium - (payment or reward (especially from a government) for acts such as catching criminals or killing predatory animals or enlisting in the military)`
Super-classes	Reward^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value GovernmentAgency^c

Bouquet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bouquet`
Description	A FloralArrangement that has CutFlowers tied together and is intended to be carried, rather than one contained in a vase or fixed to an object or stand. The Bouquet can be inserted in a vase, but must originate as a group of flowers held together and carried without a container (though perhaps in a small cup used to hold the Bouquet together and provide some water). `One can say that one puts a bouquet into a vase, and in that case it can be a 'FloralArrangement'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bouquet' in WordNet: 1. (3) bouquet, corsage, posy, nosegay - (an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present)`
Super-classes	FloralArrangement^c PortableObject^c
Sub-classes	Nosegay^c

Bourbon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bourbon`
Description	''Bourbon'' is a type of ''Whiskey'' distilled from a fermented mash having more than 50% corn. `RHW 'bourbon': a straight whiskey distilled from a mash having 51 percent or more corn: originally the corn whiskey produced in Bourbon County, Kentucky. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bourbon' in WordNet: 2. (1) bourbon - (whiskey distilled from a mash of corn and malt and rye and aged in charred oak barrels)`
Super-classes	Whiskey^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CerealFood^c

Bourgeois^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bourgeois

Description

''Middle-Class'' is the attribute of a Person who is neither rich nor poor..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bourgeois' in Wordnet:
          2. bourgeois, conservative, materialistic - (conforming to the standards 
              and conventions of the middle class; 'a bourgeois mentality')

Super-classes Middle-Class^c

Bout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bout`
Description	This ''Bout'' is for ''Competition''s between two individual people. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bout' in WordNet: 3. bout - (a contest or fight (especially between boxers or wrestlers))`
Super-classes	Competition^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op exactly 2
Sub-classes	BoxingMatch^c WrestlingSportsEvent^c

BoutOfIllness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoutOfIllness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bout' in WordNet: 2. bout - (a period of illness; 'a bout of fever'; 'a bout of depression')`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	commonlyHasEventType^op value AilmentCondition^c

Boutique^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boutique`
Description	A ''Boutique'' is a ''Shop'' that provides low-volume goods or services, with more that average interaction between the owner or attendants and the customers. This is the general sense from RHW sense 2: RHW 'boutique': 2. any small, exclusive business offering customized service: Our advertising is handled by a new Madison Avenue boutique.
Super-classes	Shop^c ServiceEstablishment^c
Sub-classes	FashionBoutique^c

Bovid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bovid`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bovid' in WordNet: 1. bovid - (hollow-horned ruminants)`
Super-classes	Ruminant^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoHorns^c
Sub-classes	OldWorldBuffalo^c Bovine^c Buffalo^c

Bovine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bovine`
Description	All types of animals that can be referred to as 'cattle'; includes buffalo, cows.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bovine' in WordNet: 1. bovine - (any of various members of the genus Bos)`
Super-classes	Bovid^c HerdAnimal^c
Sub-classes	WildOx^c Cow^c Aurochs^c Bull^c DomesticCattle^c

Bow-Weapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bow-Weapon`
Description	This 'bow' is not complete without the ''Bowstring'' part. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bow' in Wordnet: 4. (1) bow - (curved piece of resilient wood with taut cord to propel arrows)`
Super-classes	PrimitiveWeapon^c HandTool^c ProjectileLauncher^c
Restrictions	propels^op value Arrow^c hasComponentPart^op value Bowstring^c
Sub-classes	Crossbow^c LongBow^c

BowForStringInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BowForStringInstrument`
Description	CYC: The collection of all bows designed to be used in events of type (#$InstrumentPlayingFn #$StringInstrument) `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bow' in WordNet: 2. (2) bow - (a slightly curved piece of resilient wood with taut horsehair strands, used in playing certain stringed instrument)`
Super-classes	Device-SingleUser^c LongAndThinThing^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c functionsTogetherWith^op value BowedStringInstrument^c hasComponentPart^op value HorseHairStrand^c

BowTie^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BowTie

Description

A Necktie that is tied in a bow, and does not hang down the front of a man's shirt.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowtie' in WordNet:
      1. bow tie, bow-tie, bowtie - (a man's tie that ties in a bow)

Super-classes Necktie^c

BowWow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BowWow

Description

The 'bow-wowing' sound made by a dog.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bow-wow' in Wordnet:
          1. bow-wow - (the bark of a dog)

Super-classes BarkingSound^c

BowedStringInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BowedStringInstrument`
Description	A ''StringInstrument'' that is played by drawing a ''BowForStringInstrument'' over the strings. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'string' in Wordnet: 2. (3) bowed stringed instrument, string - (stringed instruments that are played with a bow; 'the strings played superlatively well')`
Super-classes	MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c StringInstrument^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value BowForStringInstrument^c
Sub-classes	Cello^c Violin^c Viola^c

Bowing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowing

Description

SUMO: Any downward motion of the upper part of the body that indicates respect for or submission to another Agent.

        Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'bow' in WordNet:
          1. (11) bow, bow down - (bend one's knee or body, or lower one's head; 
            'He bowed before the King'; 'She bowed her head in shame')
      3. (1) bow - (bend the head or the upper part of the body in a gesture 
        of respect or greeting; 'He bowed before the King')

Super-classes MakingAGesture^c

Bowl-Eating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowl-Eating

Description

A bowl that holds about the right amount of food for one person. A 'Bowl-Eating' may also be used for serving food to multiple persons, but its design function is to be used as the vessel from which a single person eats.

        Compare 'Bowl-Eating' with  'Bowl-Mixing'  and 'Bowl-Serving'.

        Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bowl' in WordNet:
         1. (2) bowl - (a round vessel that is open at the top;
            used for holding fruit or liquids or for serving food)

Super-classes Bowl-Generic^c
SmallObject^c
EatingVessel^c

Bowl-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowl-Generic`
Description	Containers usually used to contain food, although they could contain anything. See also the more specific subtypes: 'Bowl-Eating', 'Bowl-Mixing', and 'Bowl-Serving'. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'bowl' in WordNet: 1. (2) bowl - (a round vessel that is open at the top; used for holding fruit or liquids or for serving food) 3. (1) bowl - (a dish that is round and open at the top for serving foods)`
Super-classes	OpenTopContainer^c Basin^c NonPoweredDevice^c FoodVessel^c
Sub-classes	Bowl-Mixing^c Bowl-Eating^c Bowl-Serving^c

Bowl-Mixing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowl-Mixing

Description

A bowl typically larger than a 'Bowl-Eating', whose design function is to conveniently mix foods together.

        Compare 'Bowl-Mixing' with  'Bowl-Eating'  and 'Bowl-Serving'.

Super-classes Bowl-Generic^c
SmallObject^c

Bowl-Serving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowl-Serving

Description

Bowls used for serving food. These bowls are large, and they hold several individual servings.

        Compare 'Bowl-Serving' with  'Bowl-Eating'  and 'Bowl-Mixing'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bowl' in WordNet:
        3. (1) bowl - (a dish that is round and open at the top for serving foods)

Super-classes ServingVessel^c
Bowl-Generic^c

Bowler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowler`
Description	This represents any person who is ''Bowling'' or bowls as a hobby. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bowler' in WordNet: 2. bowler - (a player who rolls balls down an alley at pins)`
Super-classes	Person^c Player^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Bowling^c

BowlerHat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BowlerHat`
Description	A ''BowlerHat'' is a ''Hat'' with a rounded top and a brim. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bowler' in WordNet: 3. bowler hat, bowler, derby hat, derby, plug hat - (a felt hat that is round and hard with a narrow brim)`
Super-classes	Player^c Person^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Brim^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Round^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c

Bowling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowling`
Description	A Recreation that involves throwing a 'BowlingBall' at a set of 'BowlingPins' that are standing at the end of a 'BowlingAlley', to make the pins fall over. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowling' in Wordnet: 1. bowling - (a game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over or moving them)`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c RecreationalActivity^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value BowlingPin^c usesInstrument^op value BowlingBall^c

BowlingBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BowlingBall`
Description	The ball used in Bowling. Large and heavy enough to take xome effort to lift. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowling ball' in Wordnet: 1. bowling ball, bowl - (a large ball with finger holes used in the sport of bowling)`
Super-classes	Ball^c SphericalObject^c GameArtifact^c ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c Device^c RigidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Bowling^c

BowlingPin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BowlingPin`
Description	A ''Club''-shaped object of a type designed to be used in the game of ''Bowling'', consisting of a ''LongAndThin'' piece of rigid material, usually wood, with a flat bottom that allows it to be placed stably in a vertical orientation, but which can, because of its weight distribution, be easily knocked out of the vertical position. Knocking such pins out of the vertical position with a ball rolled down a lane is the goal of the game of ''Bowling''. `Not all ''BowlingPin''s are bottle-shaped; candlestick pins are almost straight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowling pin' in Wordnet: 1. bowling pin, pin - (a club-shaped wooden object used in bowling; set up in triangular groups of ten as the target)`
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c HandSizedObject^c LongAndThinThing^c SportsEquipment^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Club-Weapon^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Bowling^c

Bowsprit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowsprit`
Description	A ''Pole'' that projects forward from the front of a sailing ship. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowsprit' in Wordnet: 1. bowsprit - (a spar projecting from the bow of a vessel)`
Super-classes	Spar^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value ShipsBow^c

Bowstring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bowstring`
Description	A ''Cord'' connected to the two ends of the rigid part of a .''Bow-Weapon'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowstring' in WordNet: 1. (1) bowstring - (the string of an archer's bow)`
Super-classes	Cord^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Bow-Weapon^c

Box^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Box`
Description	A 'Box' is a container that is a 'PortableObject' (carryable by one person); it is a RigidObject (in contrast to a Bag or backpack), and may be made of various non-metallic materials such as wood, cardboard, plastic, or even (for small boxes) papier-mache. A metal box-like object would be a 'MetalContainer'. Although most boxes in common use are hexalateral oblong-shaped boxes, some are round or hexagonal (e.g. a hat box). Boxes come in various sizes, from very small (a few cc in volume) to large boxes used in shipping, but to fit into this category, must be able to be carried by one person when empty (using two hands). A 'Box', even a moderately small one, when filled with very dense material may not be able to be carried by one person; the 'portable' restriction is on size, not weight; a 'Box' cannot be wider than the average span of a person's arms (roughly 250 centimeters). A larger 'box' would be considered as a 'crate' (not yet represented). NOTE that a 'Case-Container' (such as a camera case) may sometimes be as small as and shaped like a 'Box' (which see), but it should be specifically designed to hold a certain type of object, or dissasembled parts of an object, or a set of objects used for a related purpose. For a specifically hexalateral-shaped box,use the subtype 'HexalateralBox'. A cardboard box is also represented as the subtype 'CardboardBox'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'box' in WordNet: 1. (26) box - (a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid; 'he rummaged through a box of spare parts')
Super-classes	RigidObject^c ContainerArtifact^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 250.0^c
Sub-classes	Chest-Box^c Cabinet-StorageConstruction^c Oven^c Suitcase^c Briefcase^c Strongbox^c CardboardBox^c Crate^c PackagingBox^c HexalateralBox^c

BoxCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoxCar`
Description	A ''BoxCar'' is an enclosed ''FreightCar'' designed to transport various types of products that are loaded and unloaded through the sliding doors on the sides. `Sometimes homeless people ('hoboes') use such cars for transportation without payment - illegally. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxcar' in WordNet: 1. (5) boxcar - (a freight car with roof and sliding doors in the sides)`
Super-classes	HexalateralBox^c FreightCar^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Oblong^c hasShape^op value RectangularParallelepipedLike^c isDesignedToTransport^op value Coal^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value RectangularParallelepiped^c

BoxElder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoxElder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'box elder' in Wordnet: 1. box elder, ash-leaved maple, Acer negundo - (common shade tree of eastern and central United States)`
Super-classes	MapleTree^c

BoxOfPlayingCards^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoxOfPlayingCards`
Description	A ''BoxOfPlayingCards'' is a small ''CardboardBox'' containing a ''DeckOfCards'' (of any kind).
Super-classes	Pack^c ContainerAndContents^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value DeckOfCards^c hasContainer^op value CardboardBox^c

Boxcars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boxcars`
Description	''Boxcars'' is a ''DiceThrowScore'' of twelve, with six dots on the top surface of each of the two dice after they are thrown. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxcars' in WordNet: 1. boxcars - ((usually plural) when two dice are thrown and both come up showing six spots the result is called 'boxcars')`
Super-classes	DiceThrowScore^c
Restrictions	hasRepresentation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_12^c

Boxer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boxer`
Description	A ''Boxer'' is a ''Fighter'' who performs ''Boxing'', a sport in which no wepons are used other than fists or feet. This includes a kck-boxer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxer' in WordNet: 1. (1) boxer, pugilist - (someone who fights with his fists for sport)`
Super-classes	Fighter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BoxingMatch^c

Boxing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boxing`
Description	The western Sport of 'boxing',fighting with the fists within certain rules. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxing' in WordNet: 1. boxing, pugilism, fisticuffs - (fighting with the fists)`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value BoxingMatch^c

BoxingMatch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoxingMatch`
Description	''BoxingMatch'' is an execution of the sport of 'boxing' that usually lasts more than a few 'rounds' unless someone is KO'd early in the match. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxing match' in WordNet: 1. boxing match - (a match between boxers; usually held in a boxing ring)`
Super-classes	Bout^c MatchSportsEvent^c CombatSportsEvent^c Fight-Physical^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Boxer^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Knockout^c hasSubEvent^op value PunchingSomeone^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Boxing^c

Boy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boy`
Description	A Boy is a male HumanYouth - a male human under 18 years of age. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boy' in WordNet: 1. (144) male child, boy - (a youthful male person; 'the baby was a boy'; 'she made the boy brush his teeth every night'; 'most soldiers are only boys in uniform')`
Super-classes	MalePerson^c HumanYouth^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_0to18^c
Sub-classes	Lad^c

BoyFriend^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoyFriend

Description

'A ''BoyFriend'' is a ''MalePerson'' who is a''Lover'' of the same Person of whom he is the 'BoyFriend''..

   This can be of any reasonable age (teen or above) and must be somewhat romantic,
     but need not include sexual activity.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boyfriend' in WordNet:
      1. boyfriend, fellow, beau, swain, young man - (a man who is the lover 
         of a girl or young woman; 'if I'd known he was her boyfriend I wouldn't have asked')

Super-classes MalePerson^c
Lover^c

BoyScouts^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoyScouts

Description

A ''Scouts'' organization for young boys.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Boy Scouts' in Wordnet:
           1. Boy Scouts - (an international (but decentralized) movement started 
           in 1908 in England with the goal of teaching good citizenship to boys)

Super-classes ScoutingOrganization^c

Boycotting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boycotting`
Description	''Boycotting'' is a means of ''ResistingaPolicy'' by ''Refraining'' from having business dealings with some Organization as a means of protesting and attempting to make that Organization change its offensive action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'boycott' in WordNet: 1. (2) boycott - (refuse to sponsor; refuse to do business with) WN noun 'boycott': 1. boycott - (a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies)`
Super-classes	Refraining^c ResistingaPolicy^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasEventNotOccurring^op value Transaction^c

Boyhood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boyhood`
Description	''Boyhood'' is the 'Childhood' of a ''Boy'' (a young Male Person). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boyhood' in WordNet: 1. (6) boyhood - (the childhood of a boy)`
Super-classes	Childhood^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Boy^c

Boyish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Boyish`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boyish' in Wordnet: 1. (2) boyish, boylike, schoolboyish - (befitting or characteristic of a young boy; 'a boyish grin'; 'schoolboyish pranks')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Brace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brace`
Description	This ''Brace'' is a supporting part of a large artifact - not the thing that supports teeth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bracing' in WordNet: 1. (2) brace, bracing - (a structural member used to stiffen a framework)`
Super-classes	StructuralMember^c
Sub-classes	Strut^c

Bracelet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bracelet`
Description	CYC: The collection of bracelets, a kind of jewelry (typically ringlike in shape when worn, perhaps with a small gap) intended to be worn on the wrist. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bracelet' in WordNet: 2. bracelet, bangle - (jewelry worn around the wrist for decoration)`
Super-classes	ClothingAcessoryBand^c SymbolicObject^c Jewelry^c ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Wrist^c
Sub-classes	Anklet^c Bangle^c

Braces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Braces`
Description	A 'Braces'' are a ''DentalAppliance'' that are fitted onto teeth that are growing out of alignment, to make them align properly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'braces' in WordNet: 1. brace, braces, orthodontic braces - (an appliance that corrects dental irregularities)`
Super-classes	DentalAppliance^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Orthodontia^c hasDesignFunction^op value StraighteningTeeth^c

BracingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BracingAnObject`
Description	''BracingAnObject'' is intended to prevent falling or slippage, but does not neesarily use a 'brace' Adjusting one's stance to prevent falling from some external pushing or pulling is included. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'brace' in WordNet: 2. (2) brace, steady, stabilize, stabilise - (support or hold steady and make steadfast, with or as if with a brace; 'brace your elbows while working on the potter's wheel')`
Super-classes	Stabilizing^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value FallingEvent^c hadObjectModified^op value PhysicalObject^c

Braggart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Braggart`
Description	A ''Braggart'' is a person who often performs ''Bragging''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'braggart' in WordNet: 1. bragger, braggart, boaster, blowhard, line-shooter, vaunter - (a very boastful and talkative person)`
Super-classes	Egotist^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Bragging^c

Bragging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bragging`
Description	''Bragging'' is an ''Exaggerating'' in which the speaker tells about how great his/er acoomplishments or feats have been. I theory this can be done without exaggeration, but even if the narrative of the Actions is true, the importance will still be exaggerated.(??) If there is no exaggeration at all, it will not be a Boast - more like a brief partial biography, related with pride. NOTE: WN does not have a 'brag' or 'boast' as assertional content, only as the Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'brag' in WordNet: 1. (2) boast, tout, swash, shoot a line, brag, gas, blow, bluster, vaunt, gasconade - (show off) WN noun 'brag': 1. brag, bragging, crow, crowing, vaporing, line-shooting, gasconade - (an instance of boastful talk; 'his brag is worse than his fight'; 'whenever he won we were exposed to his gasconade')
Super-classes	Exaggerating^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Boast^c isPerformedBy^op value Braggart^c

BraidedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BraidedObject`
Description	Any LongAndThin SolidObject that consists of interlaced cords (which could parts of a single cord, but usually are different. `Includes but is much broader than hair braids in WordNet: 1. (1) braid, plait, tress, twist - (a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair)`
Super-classes	TwistedObject^c SolidObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Sub-classes	RopeOrCable^c Twine^c Yarn^c HairBraid^c

Braille^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Braille`
Description	''Braille'' is a 'PhoneticWritingSystem'' designed to allow ''TheBlind'' (any ''BlindPerson'') to read text. `This can be described in more detail, particularly how the patterns of ''RaisedDot''s are organized.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'braille' in WordNet: 2. braille - (a point system of writing in which patterns of raised dots represent letters and numerals)`
Super-classes	PhoneticWritingSystem^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value RaisedDot^c

Brain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brain`
Description	A specialization of #$InternalOrgan and instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType. Each instance of #$Brain is an organ that controls most bodily movement, receives sensory input from the body and objects outside the body, and also thinks (insofar as the organism that has the brain can be said to do so). NOTE: this includes simple non-vertebrate brains,so the minimum nimbers of neuraons is less than the tens of billions in a human brain. Wikipedia: The whole human brain contains 86 billion neurons and roughly 16 billion neurons in the ''CerebralCortex''. SUMO: The seat of the central nervous system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brain' in WordNet: 1. (22) brain, encephalon - (that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord)
Super-classes	InternalOrgan^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Thinking^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c hasPhysicalPart^op min 200

BrainDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrainDisease`
Description	A ''BrainDisease'' is any ''NeurologicalDisease'' that primarily affects functioning of the ''Brain''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brain disease' in WordNet: 1. brain disorder, encephalopathy, brain disease - (any disorder or disease of the brain)`
Super-classes	NeurologicalDisease^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Brain^c
Sub-classes	Epilepsy^c

BrainImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrainImage`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents a physical still image, as represented in the brain of an animal (usually a Person) that can remember it, to some extent. A ''MentalStillImage'' is comprised of a set of neurons having connections and having the ability to present an image to the conscious mind. This notion is not typically used in discourse, but illustrates the way that a physical ''Brain'' as represented in COSMO can represent any senory experience and present it to the conscious mnd during a 'recalling' or 'imagining' event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'image' in WordNet: 1. (31) image, mental image - (an iconic mental representation; 'her imagination forced images upon her too awful to contemplate')`
Super-classes	PhysicalImage^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op value MentalImagery^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Brain^c

BrainInjury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrainInjury`
Description	Any ''Injury-Object that is located in some part of the ''Brain''.
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Brain^c
Sub-classes	Concussion^c

BrainPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrainPart`
Description	A ''BrainPart'' is an ''AnimalOrganPart'' that is part of the ''Brain'' in an Animal.
Super-classes	NeuralStructure^c AnimalOrganPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Brain^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	Cerebellum^c Cerebrum^c Pons^c Thalamus^c CerebralCortex^c

Brainwashed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brainwashed

Description

''Brainwashed'' is an attribute of a ''Person''s who was successfuly indoctrinated by ''Brainwashing''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brainwashed' in Wordnet:
         1. brainwashed - (subjected to intensive forced indoctrination 
            resulting in the rejection of old beliefs and acceptance of new ones; 
            'brainwashed prisoners of war'; 'captive audiences for TV commercials 
            can become brainwashed consumers')

Super-classes Convinced^c

Brainwashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brainwashing`
Description	''Brainwashing'' is a form of 'Convincing-CommunicationAct' that uses repetitive coercive actions to cause a Person to believe something that s/he did not believe when first told. This is most often used of the tactic used on captive people, but is used also in a more figurative sense for repretitive argments to those in a 'captive' audience not often exposed to alternative views. `The forcible action on captive people could be broken out as a subtype of this. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brainwash' in WordNet: 1. brainwash - (persuade completely, often through coercion; 'The propaganda brainwashed many people') 2. brainwash - (submit to brainwashing; indoctrinate forcibly)`
Super-classes	Convincing-CommunicationAct^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Compelling^c

BrakeSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrakeSystem`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brake system' in WordNet: 1. brake system, the brakes - (a brake consisting of a combination of interacting parts that work to slow a motor vehicle)`
Super-classes	FunctionalSystem^c VehicleBrake^c
Sub-classes	HydraulicBrake^c

BrakingaCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrakingaCar`
Description	An Action in which a ''Driver'' applies the brakes of an automobile. `Includes both verb senses 1 and 2 of 'brake' in Wordnet: 1. brake - (stop travelling by applying a brake; 'We had to brake suddenly when a chicken crossed the road') 2. brake - (cause to stop by applying the brakes; 'brake the car before you go into a curve')`
Super-classes	SlowingDownaVehicle^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op some VehicleBrake^c hadThingAffected^op some Automobile^c

Bran^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bran`
Description	''Bran'' is a ''PlantMaterial'' consisting mostly of many individual 'SeedHusk''s. The foodsuff sold as 'bran' is the sutype ''BranFood''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bran' in WordNet: 1. bran - (broken husks of the seeds of cereal grains that are separated from the flour by sifting)`
Super-classes	PlantMaterial^c
Sub-classes	BranFood^c

BranFood^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BranFood

Description

A ''BranFood'' is a ''Bran'' prepared in some manner and sold to serve as a ''Food''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bran' in WordNet:
          1. bran - (broken husks of the seeds of cereal grains that are separated from the flour by sifting)

Super-classes Bran^c
Food^c
ProductSubstance^c

BranchOfMilitaryService^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BranchOfMilitaryService`
Description	A specialization of #$ModernMilitaryOrganization. Each instance of #$BranchOfMilitaryService is one of the main overarching organizations in a modern military command structure. Thus, for any given modern nation-state, its army, navy, and air force will each be instances of #$BranchOfMilitaryService. NOTE: this is intended to be a branch of the UniteStates armed forces - @ToDo: that needs to be formalized - perhaps a subtype? NOTE: a military 'reserve' force is included as a ''Branch'. SUMO: (MIlitaryService) A branch of the armed forces of a Nation. For example, there are five military services in the United States, the army, the navy, the air force, the marines, and the coast guard. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military service' in WordNet: 1. (1) military service, armed service, service - (a force that is a branch of the armed forces)
Super-classes	ModernMilitaryOrganization^c GovernmentMilitaryOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Army^c Navy^c MarineCorps^c AirForce^c

BranchedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BranchedObject`
Description	A QualitativeAttribute of Objects, abstract or Physical, that contain linear paths, but have branches in them. Each 'BranchedObject' has some 'BranchingJunction'.
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op value BranchingJunction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forked^c
Sub-classes	Antler^c

Branching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Branching`
Description	''Branching'' is a ''GrowingSomething'' in which a ''Plant' grows a new 'PlantBranch''. `NOTE: 'forking' and 'fork' are not used for plants. Corresponds to part (for plants) of noun sense 1 of 'branching' in WordNet: 1. branching, ramification, fork, forking - (the act of branching out or dividing into branches)`
Super-classes	GrowingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PlantBranch^c isPerformedBy^op value Plant^c

BranchingJunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BranchingJunction`
Description	A specialization of #$JunctionOfPaths. Each instance of #$BranchingJunction is a junction of paths in which at least one path adjoining the junction branches into (see the predicate #$branchesInto) two or more others, the latter paths being about equal in size to one another and no wider than the former path.
Super-classes	JunctionOfPaths^c

Brand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brand`
Description	A ''Brand'' is a ''Mark'' (a contrasting region on a surface) that is burned into the skin of an animal to establish ownership. It is about the size of a human hand, and structured to symbolize either the owner of the ''NonHumanAnimal'' or on a Person, may indicate some offense that the Person committed. `For cattle, it is typically burned in by a 'branding iron' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'brand' in WordNet: 3. (2) brand - (identification mark on skin, made by burning)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Mark^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value BrandingAnAnimal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Symbolic^c isLocatedAt^op value Skin^c

BrandNew^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrandNew

Description

''BrandNew'' is the attribute of ''ManufacturedGoods'' that have not been used since they were manufactured or sold to the end-user.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brand-new' in Wordnet:
          1. brand-new, bran-new, spic-and-span, spick-and-span -
             (conspicuously new; 'shiny brand-new shoes'; 'a spick-and-span novelty')

Super-classes Unused^c
New^c

Branded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Branded

Description

''Branded'' is a AttributeValue of An Animal (usually a ''RangeAnimal, but here including humans) whose skin has been marked with a ''Brand'' by a ''BrandingAnAnimal'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'branded' in Wordnet:
          2. branded - (marked with a brand; 'branded cattle'; 'branded criminal')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
PastParticiple^c

BrandingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrandingAnAnimal`
Description	''BrandingAnAnimal'' is a type of ''MarkingForIdentification'' in which a `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'brand' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brand - (burn with a branding iron to indicate ownership; of animals)`
Super-classes	MarkingForIdentification^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Brand^c usesDeviceType^op value BrandingIron^c

BrandingIron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrandingIron`
Description	A ''BrandingIron'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brandng iron' in WordNet: 1. iron, branding iron - (implement used to brand live stock)`
Super-classes	MetalRod^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BrandingAnAnimal^c

Brandishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brandishing`
Description	''Brandishing'' is the action of exposing something in the hand, intentionally making it visible to other people. The object 'brandished' is usually a weapon, snd the actionmay be interpreted as a threat. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'brandish', but sense 1 seems to be related - perhaps that can be broken out as a subtype? - in Wordnet: 1. (2) brandish, flourish, wave - (move or swing back and forth; 'She waved her gun') 2. (1) brandish - (exhibit aggressively; 'brandish a sword')`
Super-classes	ExposingToView^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value GettingSoeonesAttention^c hadObjectExposed^op some (Weapon^c or ArtifactObjectType^c) hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value PayingAttention^c

Brandy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brandy`
Description	''Brandy'' is a ''Liquor'' produced from wine or fruit juice. RHW: 1. a spirit distilled from wine or from the fermented juice of grapes or of apples, peaches, plums, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brandy' in WordNet: 1. (3) brandy - (distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice)`
Super-classes	Liquor^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Fruit^c

Brass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brass`
Description	A Substance consisting mostly of Copper with some Zinc. `SUMO: A MetallicAlloy made from Copper and Zinc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brass' in WordNet: 1. (11) brass - (an alloy of copper and zinc)`
Super-classes	Alloy^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Copper^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Zinc^c

BrassInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrassInstrument`
Description	Musical instruments into which one buzzes one's lips to produce a sound. Traditionaly made of brass, sometimes of silver or copper, sometimes even fiberglass. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brass instrument' in WordNet: 2. (2) brass, brass instrument - (a wind instrument that consists of a brass tube (usually of variable length) that is blown by means of a cup-shaped or funnel-shaped mouthpiece)`
Super-classes	WindInstrument-Musical^c
Restrictions	typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Brass^c
Sub-classes	Tuba^c Trombone^c Bugle^c HornInstrument^c

Brassiere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brassiere`
Description	A ''Brassiere'' is an undergarment (subtype of ''Underwear'') worn by a Woman to support the breasts. Comes in many sizes to accommodate different breast sizes and the woman's preference. `The CYC entry 'BraLikeGarment' is broader than this type, which is only for the underwear (including a 'sports bra'): CYC: The collection of #$Bra -like items. This is a broader concept than #$Bra, in that #$BraLikeGarment need not be #$Underwear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brassiere' in WordNet: 1. brassiere, bra, bandeau - (an undergarment worn by women to support their breasts)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c WomensClothing^c Lingerie^c Clothing-Top^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op max 2 supportsPartly^op value BothBreasts^c

BrassiereCup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrassiereCup`
Description	A ''BrassiereCup'' is one of the two 'cups' in a ''Brassiere''; each ''BrassiereCup'' covers one of the ''Breast''s of a Woman when being worn. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'cup' in WordNet: 5. (14) cup - (any cup-shaped concavity; 'bees filled the waxen cups with honey'; 'he wore a jock strap with a metal cup'; 'the cup of her bra')`
Super-classes	SomethingToWearPart^c Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Brassiere^c isDesignedToCover^op value Breast^c

Brat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brat`
Description	A 'Brat'' is an ''Imp'' who is much more troublesome and disobedient than a typical young person - usually under 10 years of age. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brat' in WordNet: 1. terror, brat, little terror, holy terror - (a very troublesome child)`
Super-classes	Imp^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bratty^c

Bratty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bratty`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bratty' in Wordnet: 1. bratty, brattish - ((used of an ill-mannered child) impolitely unruly)`
Super-classes	Impish^c Disobedient^c Rude^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Brat^c

Bravado^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bravado`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bravado' in WordNet: 1. (2) bravado, bluster - (a swaggering show of courage)`
Super-classes	OstentatiousDisplay^c
Restrictions	exhibitsQuality^op value Courage^c

Bravely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bravely`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bravely' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bravely, courageously - (in a courageous manner; 'bravely he went into the burning house')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Brawl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brawl`
Description	A ''Brawl'' is an unorganized hand-to-hand fight among multiple people, as in a crowd or in a tavern. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brawl' in WordNet: 2. brawl, free-for-all - (a noisy fight in a crowd) WN verb 'brawl': 1. brawl, wrangle - (to quarrel noisily, angrily or disruptively; 'The bar keeper threw them out, but they continued to wrangle on down the street')`
Super-classes	Fight-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HittingaPerson^c isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c

Brawny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brawny`
Description	''Brawny'' is a subattribute of 'Powerful' specifically characterizing People (or some part(s) of a Person) who have greater than average strength due to conspicuously large developed muscles. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brawny' in Wordnet: 1. brawny, hefty, muscular, powerful, sinewy - ((of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful; 'a hefty athlete'; 'a muscular boxer'; 'powerful arms')`
Super-classes	Powerful^c
Sub-classes	Wiry^c Beefy^c

Brazen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brazen

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brazen' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) audacious, barefaced, bodacious, bald-faced, brassy, brazen, brazen-faced, insolent -
           (unrestrained by convention or propriety; 'an audacious trick to pull';
           'a barefaced hypocrite'; 'the most bodacious display of tourism 
           this side of Anaheim'- Los Angeles Times; 'bald-faced lies'; 'brazen arrogance'; 
           'the modern world with its quick material successes and insolent belief in 
           the boundless possibilities of progress'- Bertrand Russell)

Super-classes Confident^c
Cheeky^c
Bold^c

Brazilian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brazilian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Brazilian' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Brazilian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Brazil or the people of Brazil)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

BrazilianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrazilianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Brazilian' in WordNet: 1. Brazilian - (a native or inhabitant of Brazil)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brazil^c

Breach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breach`
Description	A ''Breach'' is an ''Opening'' in some ''Barrier'' created by a ''BreachingEvent'' that allows a fluid or some Solidobject(s) to pass through the barrier that would have prevented passage before it was breached. The ''Breach'' can be created by an intentional Action (as in breaching a castle wall) or by natural forces, as in flood water breaching a levee. Examples are a breach in a levee or dam a breach in a wall, This differs from a ''PiercedHole'' in that it may be much larger,and the remaining parts of the barrier breahed do not have to be still connected,as in when part of a wall is torn down. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'breach' in WordNet: 2. breach - (an opening (especially a gap in a dike or fortification))`
Super-classes	Opening^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some BarrierObject^c isProducedByEventType^op value BreachingaBarrier^c
Sub-classes	Washout^c

BreachingaBarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreachingaBarrier`
Description	''BreachingaBarrier'' is a 'SeparationEvent' in some 'Barrier' `Narrower than verb sense 2 of 'breach' in WordNet,in that this action must create a ''Breach'' in some BarrrierObject.: in WordNet: 2. (1) gap, breach - (make an opening or gap in)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPenetrated^op some BarrierObject^c produces^op some Breach^c

Bread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bread`
Description	A Substance in COSMO. CYC: An instance of #$ProductType, and a specialization of #$BakedFood. Each instance of #$Bread is a baked food made of a dough or batter containing some instance of #$FlourOrMeal, and usually water or milk. The dough from which the bread is made will often (but not always) contain some leavening agent, such as #$Yeast. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bread' in WordNet: 1. (3) bread, breadstuff, staff of life - (food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked)
Super-classes	BakedFood^c CerealFood^c
Sub-classes	QuickBread^c Toast^c

BreadObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreadObject`
Description	A 'BreadObject' is a SolidFoodObject consisting of baked bread. This type includes parts of a whole object consisting of bread, such as a 'SliceOfBread'
Super-classes	MoistObject^c LeavenedFoodObject^c SpongyObject^c FlourBasedObject^c BakedFoodObject^c SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Bread^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c
Sub-classes	Biscuit^c SliceOfBread^c Roll^c Matzoh^c Crouton^c Muffin^c Scone^c LoafOfBread^c Tortilla^c

Breadth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breadth

Description

The measure of the second largest dimension of a plane or solid figure; sometimes called 'width'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'breadth' in WordNet:
      2. (2) width, breadth - (the extent of something from side to side)

Super-classes Width^c

Breakability^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breakability

Description

In SUMO called 'BreakabilityAttribute', a subclass of 'InternalAttribute' in SUMO.

SUMO: A subclass of Attributes for 
   characterizing the breakability of CorpuscularObjects..

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breakability' in WordNet:
       1. fragility, breakability, frangibleness, frangibility - 
          (quality of being easily damaged or destroyed)

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

BreakabilityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakabilityValue`
Description	Each BreakabilityValue represents an approximate degree of breakability for an object. For Glass and many thin ceramics the value would be 'Fragile'.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Breakable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breakable

Description

'Breakable' is the AttributeValue of something that is more susceptible to be broken than the average object of some class used for comparison. Thus all glass items may be breakable, but they are more breakable than similar items made of metal or plastic. This is typically applied to brittle objects, or those of delicate construction.

     Corresponds to sense 1 of 'breakable' in WordNet:
       1. breakable - - (capable of being broken or damaged; 
          'earthenware pottery is breakable'; 'breakable articles should be packed carefully')

Super-classes Susceptible^c

Breakdown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breakdown`
Description	A ''Breakdown'' is an ''InterruptingEvent'' that is a ''Malfunction'' of some PhysicalDevice. This is a ''StoppingEvent'' (stopping of normal function in some part of the machine) that causes a full ''StoppingEvent'' of the intended operation of the machine. `NOTE: this is an Event that causes a state of non-activity. This is not the PersistentState of not functioning. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'breakdown' in WordNet: 3. breakdown, equipment failure - (a cessation of normal operation; 'there was a power breakdown')`
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c InterruptingEvent^c BreakingDown^c WorseningEvent^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c or Device^c or DeviceType^c) causes^op value Inoperability^c causedTheStoppingOf^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c or Device^c or DeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	BurningOut^c PowerFailure^c

Breakfast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breakfast`
Description	COSMO note: 'Breakfast' is interepreted as the specific set of food items eaten at the first meal, in the morning. This is therefore a Role that the food plays. For the actual event of eating breakfast, use 'EatingBreakfast' `Cyc: The morning meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breakfast' in WordNet: 1. (12) breakfast - (the first meal of the day (usually in the morning))`
Super-classes	Meal^c
Restrictions	isEatenInEvent^op value EatingBreakfast^c

BreakfastFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakfastFood`
Description	CYC: The collection of foods and beverages normally eaten by instances of #$Person as part of #$HavingBreakfast. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breakfast food' in Wordnet: 1. breakfast food - (any food (especially cereal) usually served for breakfast)`
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c FoodOrDrink^c
Restrictions	isEatenInEvent^op value EatingBreakfast^c
Sub-classes	Bacon^c Barley^c CerealFood^c Egg-Foodstuff^c ScrambledEggs^c

BreakingAnElectricalCircuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakingAnElectricalCircuit`
Description	''BreakingAnElectricalCircuit'' is a ''Disconnecting'' where two parts of an ''ElectricalCircuit' are disconnected, by any means. `creates a Gap in an ''ElectricCircuit''. "SwitchingaDeviceOff"`
Super-classes	Preventing^c Disconnecting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ElectricCircuitGap^c prevents^op value CircuitCurrent^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Connecting^c
Sub-classes	SwitchingAnElectricDeviceOff^c

BreakingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakingDown`
Description	Each 'BreakingDown' is the loss of functionality of a mechanical or electric device, whether due to external force or some internal loss of normal structure (such as a short in an electric device). The failure due to some internal cause is included here (to 'give out' and 'break down'), but should also be made into more specific a subtype, which would also be a subtype of 'Malfunction'. This corresponds to part of WordNet verb sense 17 of 'break'; however, the failure of natural things such as eyes is not included in this type, so this is more specialized than the WordNet sense. in WordNet: 17. (2) fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out, go, break, break down - (stop operating or functioning; 'The engine finally went'; 'The car died on the road'; 'The bus we travelled in broke down on the way to town'; 'The coffee maker broke'; 'The engine failed on the way to town'; 'her eyesight went after the accident') WN noun 'breakdown': 3. breakdown, equipment failure - (a cessation of normal operation; 'there was a power breakdown')
Super-classes	BreakingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c hadThingAffected^op some Device^c
Sub-classes	Breakdown^c

BreakingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakingEvent`
Description	COSMO note: this sense means to either lose its structural integrity, or to lose a main function (of a device) so as to become 'Broken' and be difficult or impossible to repair. This is an intransitive Event, with no explicit actor - though this Event may be caused by the action of an agent. For the action of the agent that causes a breaking in this sense, use 'BreakingSomething'. Each BreakingEvent must specify the PhysicalObject that is broken. There are 59 senses of the verb 'break' in WordNet. In COSMO the senses meaning 'rupture, fragment' or 'lose functionality' are organized in two branches, the intransitive and transitive. In some cases the transitive sense has a 'causes' relation to one of the intransitive senses. This type is the root of the intransitive senses. The senses of 'break' meaning 'cease' or 'intermission' are not included here. As of COSMO v 0.52, this type includes two intransitive main senses of the verb 'break' from WordNet, and intransitive sense 1 of 'burst'. There will be more specific subsenses. This type is broader than the Cyc sense: Cyc: Generic breaking events, in which some rigid tangible object gets broken. WordNet verb 'break' in WordNet: 17. (2) fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out, go, break, break down - (stop operating or functioning; 'The engine finally went'; 'The car died on the road'; 'The bus we travelled in broke down on the way to town'; 'The coffee maker broke'; 'The engine failed on the way to town'; 'her eyesight went after the accident') WN 'burst'
Super-classes	LosingFunctionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	BreakingaBone^c BreakingDown^c PulverizationEvent^c SplittingApart^c Bursting^c

BreakingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakingSomething`
Description	COSMO note: this general sense means to cause a PhysicalObject to either lose its structural integrity, or to lose lose a main function (of a device) so as to become 'Broken' and be difficult or impossible to repair. This is a transitive Event, with an explicit actor. This Event is the cause of an intransitive 'BreakingEvent'. There are 59 senses of the verb 'break' in WordNet. In COSMO the senses meaning 'rupture, fragment' or 'lose functionality' are organized in two branches, the intransitive and transitive. In some cases the transitive sense has a 'causes' relation to one of the intransitive senses. This type is the root of the intransitive senses. The senses of 'break' meaning 'cease' or 'intermission' are not included here. As of COSMO v 0.52, this type includes two transitive main senses of the verb 'break' from WordNet. There will be more specific subsenses. This type is broader than the Cyc sense: WordNet verb 'break' in WordNet: 3. (11) break - (destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments; 'He broke the glass plate'; 'She broke the match') 4. (9) break - (render inoperable or ineffective; 'You broke the alarm clock when you took it apart!') 5. (8) break, bust - (ruin completely; 'He busted my radio!') WN noun 'breaking': 1. (2) breakage, break, breaking - (the act of breaking something; 'the breakage was unavoidable')
Super-classes	LosingFunctionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some SolidObjectType^c alwaysCauses^op some BreakingDown^c
Sub-classes	BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c BreakingaDevice^c

BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakingSomethingIntoPieces`
Description	Each 'BreakingSomethingIntoPieces' is an Event in which an agent (which could be a natural force) causes a PhysicalObject to separate into at least two pieces. This is a transitive sense. The PhysicalObject does not have to be a Device (it could be a Rock); therefore it is not necessarily a 'LosingFunctionEvent' and is related to BreakingDown by the weaker 'causes' (usually) rather than the 'alwaysCauses' relation. This action produces ''Fragment''s in the broad sense of smallish pieces of a larger object that were created by a ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' event. The ''Fragment'' can be relativey large, but may be as small as dust or sawdust or metal millings. Corresponds to sense 3 of verb 'break' and verb sense 2 of 'smash'in WordNet: 3. (11) break - (destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments; 'He broke the glass plate'; 'She broke the match') WN verb 'smash': 2. (5) smash, dash - (break into pieces, as by striking or knocking over; 'Smash a plate') WN verb 'shatter' (transitive sense 2): 2. shatter - (break into many pieces; 'shatter the plate') WN verb 'fragment': (transitive sense) 1. break up, fragment, fragmentize, fragmentise - (break or cause to break into pieces; 'The plate fragmented')
Super-classes	BreakingSomething^c Separation-Complete^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some BrittleObject^c produces^op value Fragment^c produces^op value FragmentGroup^c causes^op value Shattering^c
Sub-classes	Snapping^c

BreakingaBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakingaBone`
Description	''BreakingaBone'' is a ''BreakingEvent'' caused by the Action of some Agent in which the thing broken is a 'bone'' of an animal body. This is the Transitive sense. `This is an ''Injuring'' in which some bone of some Animal is either cracked while remaining in place or broken so that the pieces separate by some space. This represents the transitive sense . Corresponds to of (transitive) verb sense 5 of 'fracture' in WordNet: 5. fracture - (break (a bone); 'She broke her clavicle')`
Super-classes	BreakingEvent^c Injuring^c FracturingaBone^c
Restrictions	hadDamagedObject^op value Bone^c hasSubEvent^op value FracturingaBone^c produces^op value FracturedBone^c causes^op value BeingFractured^c

BreakingaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakingaDevice`
Description	Each 'BreakingaDevice' is an Action in which some agent causes a Device to lose its function. `This corresponds to senses 4 and 5 of WordNet verb 'break' in WordNet: 4. (9) break - (render inoperable or ineffective; 'You broke the alarm clock when you took it apart!') 5. (8) break, bust - (ruin completely; 'He busted my radio!')`
Super-classes	BreakingSomething^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some BreakingDown^c

BreakingaHabit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreakingaHabit`
Description	''BreakingaHabit'' is an ''InterruptingEvent'' in which a ''Person'' stops performing an Action that had beome habitual. The stop may only last for some time,but shold apply for breaks of at least several months. `Corresponds to verb sense 25 of 'break' in WordNet: 25. break - (cause to give up a habit; 'She finally broke herself of smoking cigarettes')`
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c InterruptingEvent^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op value Habit^c isPerformedBy^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c)

Breakthrough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breakthrough`
Description	A ''Breakthrough'' is a ''DiscoveryEvent'' that produces a ''Revelation'' (important insight), allowing people to recognize possibilities that were not previously evident. In science this could create a new 'paradigm' for interpretation of nature and natural phenomena. In development research, this could allow engineers to create new products that have significantly advanced and superior capabilities. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'breakthrough' in WordNet: 2. (1) breakthrough - (making an important discovery)`
Super-classes	DiscoveryEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Revelation^c

Breakup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breakup`
Description	A ''Breakup'' is a ''PrematureTermination'' of a social or political relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breakup' in WordNet: 1. (2) dissolution, breakup - (the termination or disintegration of a relationship (between persons or nations))`
Super-classes	PrematureTermination^c Action^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op value Pregnancy^c
Sub-classes	Alienating^c Divorce^c Seceding^c

Breast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breast`
Description	A single ''Breast'' ('tit') of a human female. `in WordNet: 2. (2) breast, bosom, knocker, boob, tit, titty - (either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman)`
Super-classes	Dug^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FemalePerson^c

Breast-BodyPart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breast-BodyPart

Description

This 'breast' is the front part of a person's 'Chest-BodyPart', the part that one strikes when one 'beats one's breast'. For the mammary organ 'breast' use 'Breast'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breast' in WordNet:
          1. (6) breast - (the front part of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen; 
            'he beat his breast in anger')

Super-classes ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
AnimalBodyPart^c

BreastCancer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreastCancer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breast cancer' in WordNet: 1. breast cancer - (cancer of the breast; one of the most common malignancies in women in the US)`
Super-classes	Cancer^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Breast^c

Breaststroke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breaststroke`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breaststroke' in WordNet: 1. breaststroke - (a swimming stroke; the arms are extended together in front of the head and swept back on either side accompanied by a frog kick) WN verb 'breaststroke' 1. breaststroke - (swim with the face down and extend the arms forward and outward while kicking with the leg)`
Super-classes	SwimmingStroke^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c occursAt^op value WaterSurface^c

Breath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breath`
Description	The quantity of air (the air itself, a PhysicalObject) inhaled in one Inhaling event. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'breath' in WordNet: 2. (14) breath - (the air that is inhaled and exhaled in respiration; 'his sour breath offended her')`
Super-classes	GaseousObject^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Inhaling^c
Sub-classes	Halitus^c

Breathing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breathing`
Description	''Breathing'' is considered as a '''PersistentState'' consisting of a series of ''AirRespiration''s, each of which is one cycle of ''Inhaling'' and ''Exhaling''. Cyc: A collection of activities constituting a natural #$PhysiologicalFunction; #$Breathing is the collection of #$AirRespiration events in which the respiring organism takes air into its internal #$Lungs, where the gas exchange occurs. See also #$Respiration. SUMO: The Process of respiration, by which oxygen is made available to an Animal. This covers processes of inhalation, exhalation, and alternations between the two. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'breathe' and noun sense 1 of 'breath' in WordNet: 1. (25) breathe, take a breath, respire, suspire - (draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs; 'I can breathe better when the air is clean'; 'The patient is respiring') WN 'breath': 1. (15) breath - (the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; 'he took a deep breath and dived into the pool'; 'he was fighting to his last breath')
Super-classes	EventSeries^c Respiration^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Inhaling^c requiredBodypart^op value Lung^c hasSubEvent^op value AirRespiration^c hasSubEvent^op value Exhaling^c
Sub-classes	ArtificialRespiration^c Gasping^c HeavyBreathing^c Wheezing^c

BreathingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreathingDevice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breathing device' in WordNet: 1. breathing device, breathing apparatus, breathing machine, ventilator - (a device that facilitates breathing in cases of respiratory failure)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	Resuscitator^c Respirator^c SCUBA^c

Breathless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breathless

Description

This ''Breathless'' is for a Person having trouble breathing normally. For being 'out of breath' from exercise, use ''OutOfBreath''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'breathless' in Wordnet:
         1. (5) breathless, dyspneic, dyspnoeic, dyspneal, dyspnoeal -
             (not breathing or able to breathe except with difficulty; 
             'breathless at thought of what I had done'; 'breathless from running';
             'followed the match with breathless interest')

Super-classes OutOfBreath^c

Breathtaking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breathtaking

Description

A ''Breathtaking'' Event may not literally cause one to hold one's
breath, but is ''Interesting'' and ''Suspenseful'' in any of various ways sufficient to cause one to pay attention and await the outcome.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'breathtaking' in Wordnet:
           1. breathless, breathtaking - (tending to cause suspension of regular breathing;
              'a breathless flight'; 'breathtaking adventure')

Super-classes Interesting^c
Suspenseful^c

Breed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breed

Description

a BiologicalSubspecies that is or maintained by human breeding activities. See 'Breeding'. This type represents 'breeds' of both plants and animals.

    This corresponds to sense 13 of 'breed' in the random House Webster:
    13. Genetics. a relatively homogenous group of animals within
      a species, developed and maintained by humans.

     This should be a subtype of 'variety' as used in the biological
     classification sense, but the owl:class (Types) and rdfs:class (Metatypes) hierarchy
     needs to be kept apart for clarity.  See 'Type' and 'Sort' for
     more detail on which COSMO type represents which sort of
     category.

     Includes but is broader than (including any ''LifeForm'' such as plants
        and micrrganisms) noun sense 2 of 'breed' and sense 5 of 'strain'  in WordNet:
       2. (1) breed, strain, stock - (a special variety of domesticated animals 
          within a species; 'he experimented on a particular breed of white rats';
          'he created a new strain of sheep')

Super-classes BiologicalTaxonType^c
PhysicalObjectType^c

Breeder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breeder`
Description	A ''Breeder'' is an IntelligentAgent (Person or Organization) who mates different strains of plants or animals to produce new strains. For plants this is typically accomplished by controlled pollination. Specifically breeding animals is represented by the subtype ''StockBreeding''. `Includes but is broader than (including breeding of plants) noun sense 1 of 'breeder' in WordNet: 1. breeder, stock breeder - (a person who breeds animals)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Crossbreeding^c

Breeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breeding`
Description	Breeding is the transititve activity engaged in by humans in which domesticated or captive animals (or plants) of different strains are encouraged to mate to create strains having different characteristics. This is not the actual action of mating to produce offspring. The intention of ''Breeding'' is to create strains with new characteristics more useful than existing strains. The result of breeding is a new Breed. `NOTE: this may be conflated with just allowing animals to mate to produce more, without creating new breeds. COSMO needs a type for that kind of Animal production. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'breed' in WordNet: 3. breed - (cause to procreate (animals); 'She breeds dogs')`
Super-classes	EconomicAction^c BiologicalEvent^c BiologicalReproductionEvent^c Production-Generic^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Breed^c hasSubEvent^op value SexualCopulation^c
Sub-classes	Crossbreeding^c

Breeze^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breeze`
Description	A gentle ''Wind''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breeze' in Wordnet: 1. (6) breeze, zephyr, gentle wind, air - (a slight wind (usually refreshing); 'the breeze was cooled by the lake'; 'as he waited he could feel the air on his neck')`
Super-classes	NonDestructiveWind^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gentle^c

Breezy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breezy

Description

In CYC this is a 'breezy location'; in COSMO it is only the attribute, not a location.

      NOTE that 'breezy' and 'windy' are synonymous in WN - here
      a Breeze is a gentle ''Wind'' and ''breezy' is only lightly
      ''Windy''; a strong ''Wind'' would disqualify.

      CYC: An instance of #$OutdoorLocationByWeatherType.
        Each instance of #$Breezy is an instance of
        #$OutdoorLocation in which there is wind.

        Corresponds to attribute sense 2 of 'breezy' in WordNet:
          2. blowy, breezy, windy - (abounding in or exposed to 
             the wind or breezes; 'blowy weather'; 'a windy bluff')

Super-classes Windy^c

Breve^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Breve

Description

A ''Breve'' modifies a vowel.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breve' in WordNet:
      1. breve - (a diacritical mark (U-shaped) placed over a vowel to indicate a short sound)

Super-classes DiacriticalMark^c

Brewer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brewer`
Description	A ''Brewer'' is a Person that manufactures Beer by operating or managing or owning a ''Brewery''. `NOTE: Organization that controls a ''Brewery'' is sometimes referred to a a ''Brewery''; in COSMO it is labeled a ''BreweryOrganization''. in RHW called the 'establishment': RHW 'brewery': a building or establishment for brewing beer or other malt liquors, esp. the building where the brewing is done. The 'building' is represented as the ''Brewery''. Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 2 of 'brewer' in WordNet: 2. brewer - (the owner or manager of a brewery)`
Super-classes	Manufacturer^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value BrewingBeer^c typicallyManages^op value Brewery^c

Brewery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brewery`
Description	A ''Brewery'' is the place where any form of ''Beer''s is made. `NOTE: in CYC a ''Brewery'' is a ''Company''; in COSMO this is the building where ''BrewingBeer'' is done. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brewery' in WordNet: 1. brewery - (a plant where beer is brewed by fermentation)`
Super-classes	Building^c ShelterConstruction^c ManufacturingFacility^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value Beer^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value BrewingBeer^c manufactures^op value Beer^c

BreweryOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BreweryOrganization`
Description	A ''BreweryOrganization'' is an Organization that manufactures Beer by operating or managing or owning a ''Brewery''. Has the same kind of defining actions as a ''Brewer'' but is not a person, but an Organization. `in RHW called the 'establishment': RHW 'brewery': a building or establishment for brewing beer or other malt liquors, esp. the building where the brewing is done. The 'building' is represented as the ''Brewery''. The only sense for 'brewery' in WordNet is the plant where beer is brewed.`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BrewingBeer^c typicallyManages^op value Brewery^c

Brewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brewing`
Description	This is the act of extracting materials from a solid substance by immersing it in Water. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'brew' in WordNet: 2. brew - (sit or let sit in boiling water so as to extract the flavor; 'the tea is brewing')`
Super-classes	SubmergingInWater^c Extracting^c MakingStuffFromMaterials^c
Sub-classes	BrewingBeer^c

BrewingBeer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrewingBeer`
Description	'BrewingBeer'' is a ''MakingStuffFromMaterials'' in which some quantities of one or more substances are processed by fermentation to produce some quantity of an alcoholic beer. CYC 'Brewing': The activity of producing beer. RHW 'beer': an alcoholic beverage made by brewing and fermentation from cereals, usually malted barley, and flavored with hops and the like for a slightly bitter taste. NOTE: 'brewing' tea is a separate type. See ''MakingTea''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'brew' in WordNet: 1. brew - (prepare by brewing; 'people have been brewing beer for thousands of years') WN noun 'brewing': 1. (1) brewing - (the production of malt beverages (as beer or ale) from malt and hops by grinding and boiling them and fermenting the result with yeast)
Super-classes	Brewing^c MakingStuffFromMaterials^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Brewery^c hadChangedEntity^op value SeedGrain^c hasSubEvent^op value Fermenting^c produced^op value Beer^c

Bribery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bribery`
Description	''Bribery'' is a ''Felony'' form of ''Bribing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bribery' in WordNet: 1. bribery, graft - (the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit advantage)`
Super-classes	Bribery^c Felony^c
Sub-classes	Bribery^c

Bribing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bribing`
Description	A ''bribe' can include paying with anything valuable, not just cash currency. NOTE: a ''Bribing'' may commence with a demand for a bribe,rather than an offer. So this type uses 'mayHaveSubEvent' to relate it to ''OfferingABribe''. But perhaps a demand would be considered as a 'shakedown' rather than a bribing?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bribe' in WordNet: 1. (1) bribe, payoff - (payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment) WN verb 'bribe': 1. (1) bribe,corrupt, buy, grease one's palms - (make illegal payments to in exchange for favors or influence; 'This judge can be bought')`
Super-classes	Paying^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value OfferingABribe^c
Sub-classes	Kickback^c

Brick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brick`
Description	An Object, not the substance. `Cyc: A rectangular block of #$Clay-Wet hardened by drying in the sun or burning in a kiln and used for building, paving, etc.. SUMO: A block of fired Clay that is used in Constructing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brick' in WordNet: 1. (7) brick - (rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material)`
Super-classes	Block^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c NonPoweredDevice^c OpaqueObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value FiredClay^c isProducedByEventType^op value Baking-Hardening^c

Bride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bride`
Description	The ''Bride'' is the Woman who is participating in a 'WeddingCeremony'' and at the end of the ceremony becomes the ''Wife'' but is still referred to as the ''Bride'', so that role continues for some time before or after the ceremony, in references to the ceremony. `RHW 'bride' is closer than WN to reality: a newly married woman or a woman about to be married. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bride' in WordNet: 1. (3) bride - (a woman who has recently been married)`
Super-classes	FemalePerson^c Spouse^c Participant^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value Marriage^c wasTheAgentInAction^op some WeddingCeremony^c

BrideAndGroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrideAndGroom`
Description	A ''BrideAndGroom'' is just the two people who are about to be married or have just been married on or around the time of their ''WeddingCeremony''.
Super-classes	CoupleOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Bride^c hasComponentElement^op value Groom^c

Bridesmaid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bridesmaid`
Description	NOTE: the ''MaidOfHonor'' is broken out as a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bridesmaid' in WordNet: 1. bridesmaid, maid of honor - (an unmarried woman who attends the bride at a wedding)`
Super-classes	Attender^c Woman^c
Sub-classes	MatronOfHonor^c MaidOfHonor^c

Bridge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bridge`
Description	COSMO note: a bridge can contain a footpath and is not necessarily a Roadway. This is more general than the Cyc interpretation. `Cyc: Bridges are elevated roadways, usually over water or some other pathway artifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bridge' in WordNet: 1. (4) bridge, span - (a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.)`
Super-classes	TransportFacility^c InfrastructureProduct^c SolidSurfacePathThroughAir^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	isOverheadOf^op value TopographicalFeature^c
Sub-classes	Overpass^c Causeway^c

BridgeGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BridgeGame`
Description	A CardGame played with four people, involving bidding for the right to name trump. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'bridge' in WordNet: 5. (1) bridge - (any of various card games based on whist for four players)`
Super-classes	CardGame^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value PlayingABridgeGame^c

Bridgehead^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bridgehead

Description

CYC: The collection of regions on the enemy's side that is large enough for most of the crossing force and has adequate terrain to permit defense of the crossing sites, provides security of crossing forces from enemy direct fire, and provides a base for continuing the attack.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bridgehead' in WordNet:
            1. (1) bridgehead, foothold - (an area in hostile territory 
               that has been captured and is held awaiting further troops 
               and supplies; 'an attempt to secure a bridgehead behind enemy lines';
               'the only foothold left for British troops in Europe was Gibraltar')

Super-classes CombatZone^c

Bridle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bridle

Description

A bridle is device which fits on a horse's head. The reins and a bit are usually connect to the bridle.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bridle' in WordNet:
           1. (4) bridle - (headgear for a horse; includes a headstall
             and bit and reins to give the rider or driver control)

Super-classes Device^c
Headgear^c

Brief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brief`
Description	''Brief'' is an attribute that specifies that some Event lasted in time less than the usual length of time for that kind of Event. This attribute is relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. NOTE: The difference between this and parent ''ShortDuration'' is not yet specified logically. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'short' and adjective sense 1 of 'brief' in WordNet: 1. (43) short - (primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; 'a short life'; 'a short flight'; 'a short holiday'; 'a short story'; 'only a few short months') WN adj 'brief': 1. (12) brief, little - (of short duration or distance; 'a brief stay in the country'; 'in a little while'; 'it's a little way away')`
Super-classes	ShortDuration^c
Sub-classes	Transient^c Momentary^c

Briefcase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Briefcase`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'briefcase' in WordNet: 1. (3) briefcase - (a case with a handle; for carrying papers or files or books)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Box^c PieceOfLuggage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c isDesignedToContain^op value Document-Physical^c

Briefing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Briefing

Description

Each 'Briefing'' is an ''Informing'' performed orally, usually in Person, and relatively short, taking less than one day and often less than two hours. This is often performed to prepare some group or people for an Action that is imminent, to provide the most recent relevant information.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'briefing' in WordNet:
          1. (1) briefing - (detailed instructions, as for a military operation)
       WN verb 'brief':
         1. (1) brief - (give essential information to someone; 'The reporters were briefed about the President's plan to invade')

Super-classes Informing^c

Briefly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Briefly

Description

''Briefly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the duration of the Action is significantly shorter than possible or typical for that type of event: 'looked briefly into the room' This does not necessarily imply that the rate of executing the Action is any faster than typical.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'briefly' in WordNet:
             1. (10) briefly - (for a short time; 'she visited him briefly'; 
              'was briefly associated with IBM')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Briefs^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Briefs

Description

Short tight underpants, mostly worn by men.

       CYC: The collection of briefs - short-pant-like
        undergarments for the lower part of the body

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'briefs' in WordNet:
         1. briefs, Jockey shorts - (short tight-fitting underpants 
              (trade name Jockey shorts))

Super-classes DurableGood^c
Underpants^c

Brigade-MilitaryEchelon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brigade-MilitaryEchelon

Description

Special-purpose subunits of military divisions are called 'brigades' and have #$Brigade-UnitDesignation. They are somewhat similar to units with #$Regiment-UnitDesignation. A brigade typically consists of two to five battalions, often organized to fulfill a specific objective, and is commanded by a brigadier general. See also #$Regiment-UnitDesignation and #$Battalion-UnitDesignation.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brigade' in WordNet:
          1. (19) brigade - (army unit smaller than a division)

Super-classes ModernMilitaryOrganization^c
ArmyUnit^c

BrigadierGeneral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrigadierGeneral

Description

Rank intermediate between #$Colonel-Rank and #$MajorGeneral-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Brigadier General may command an instance of #$Brigade-UnitDesignation or #$Regiment-UnitDesignation.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brigadier general' in WordNet:
          1. (1) brigadier, brigadier general - (a general officer ranking below a major general)

Super-classes CommissionedOfficer^c

Bright^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bright`
Description	Bright is an attribute of objects that are currently radiating visible light (reflected or by intrinsic radiation) at an intensity that is makes them conspicuously visible, especially against dimmer surrounding objects. More intensely illuminated than for objects that are ''Light-NotDark''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bright' in WordNet: 1. (17) bright - (emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts; 'the sun was bright and hot'; 'a bright sunlit room')`
Super-classes	Light-NotDark^c Radiant^c
Sub-classes	BrilliantlyLighted^c BrilliantlyShining^c Sunlit^c

BrightIlluminatingLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrightIlluminatingLight`
Description	A ''BrightIlluminatingLight'' is ''light'' that is sufficiently bright to be seen from a distance, and to illuminate an outdoor area more than would a 100-watt light bulb. Floodlights and flares are common examples of things producing such light.
Super-classes	VisibleLight^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bright^c

BrightPartOfAnImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrightPartOfAnImage`
Description	Each ''BrightPart'' is a proper part of an object or image that is 'brighter' in intensity of color so that it contrasts with the other parts and stands out from the less bright background. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'highlght' in WordNet: 2. highlight, highlighting - (an area of lightness in a picture)`
Super-classes	Highlight^c PartOfAnImage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bright^c
Sub-classes	Halo^c

Brightening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brightening`
Description	''Brightening'' is an ''IncreasingIntensity'' in which the intensity of the ''Brightness'' of some Place is increased. This is for the intensity of the light, not 'brightness' as applied to emotional reactions (suggested by the WN gloss). `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'brighten' in WordNet: 1. (1) brighten, lighten up, lighten - (make lighter or brighter; 'The paint will brighten the room')`
Super-classes	IncreasingIntensity^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Brightness^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Bright^c

Brightly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brightly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'brightly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brilliantly, brightly, bright - (with brightness; 'the stars shone brilliantly'; 'the windows glowed jewel bright')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Brightness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brightness`
Description	'Brightness' is the State performed by something that is ''Bright''. NOTE that this is relative to some contrasting object(s) that are less ''Light-NotDark'', as with darker or less intensely ''Illuminated'' parts of a scene of areas of an image. NOTE: this is not a quantitative measure of light intensity - that would be a subtype of ''ConstantQuantity'' using the ''FunctionQuanity' of ''Lumen'' or ''Lux'' as the unit, but those attributes have not yet been represented. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'brightness' in WordNet: 3. luminosity, brightness, brightness level, luminance, luminousness, light - (the quality of being luminous; emitting or reflecting light; 'its luminosity is measured relative to that of our sun') WN noun 'illumination': 2. (1) illumination - (the degree of visibility of your environment) WN noun 'lightess': 5. light, lightness - (the visual effect of illumination on objects or scenes as created in pictures; 'he could paint the lightest light and the darkest dark')
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value WellLighted^c
Sub-classes	Glare^c Radiance^c Halo^c Scintillation^c

Brilliant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brilliant`
Description	Exhibiting a conspicuously high level of intelligence. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brilliant' in WordNet: 2. (7) brainy, brilliant, smart as a whip - (having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence; 'some men dislike brainy women'; 'a brilliant mind'; 'a brilliant solution to the problem')`
Super-classes	Intelligent^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Intelligent^c

BrilliantOrangeYellow-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrilliantOrangeYellow-Color`
Description
Super-classes	YellowColor^c OchreColor^c
Restrictions	isTheColorOf^op value BlondeHair^c

BrilliantlyColored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrilliantlyColored`
Description	''BrilliantlyColored'' (or 'brightly colored') is the attribute of an Object that is ''Colorful'' (which includes being ''Pretty'') and ''MultiColored'' and of which at least some of its colors are 'bright' in intensity of hue. This attribute is used of certain ''Bird''s with striking bright plumage.
Super-classes	Salient^c Colorful^c MultiColored^c

BrilliantlyLighted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrilliantlyLighted

Description

''BrilliantlyLighted'' is an attribute of objects that are intensely radiating or reflecting visible light. More intense than merely ''Bright''..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'brilliant' in WordNet:
         5. (2) brilliant - (full of light; shining intensely; 
            'a brilliant star'; 'brilliant chandeliers')

Super-classes Bright^c
WellLighted^c

BrilliantlyShining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrilliantlyShining`
Description	''BrilliantlyShining'' is an attribute of objects that give off a strong ''Bright'' light that is more intense than just ''Bright''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'brilliant' in Wordnet: 5. (2) brilliant - (full of light; shining intensely; 'a brilliant star'; 'brilliant chandeliers')`
Super-classes	Bright^c
Sub-classes	Blinding^c

Brim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brim`
Description	A ''Brim'' is a ''Projection'' from a ''Hat''. NOTE: in some definitions,a ''Brim'' goes all the way around a ''Hat''. This type includes a ''Visor'' which only projects from the front of a ''Cap''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brim' in WordNet: 2. brim - (a circular projection that sticks outward from the crown of a hat)`
Super-classes	Projection^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Hat^c

BrimFull^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrimFull

Description

''BrimFull'' is a variant of ''Full'' pertaining to open-top containers (such as a cup), characterizing them as filled to the brim.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brimfull' in Wordnet:
         1. brimful, brimfull, brimming - (filled to capacity; 'a brimful cup';
         'I am brimful of chowder'; 'a child brimming over with curiosity'; 'eyes brimming with tears')

Super-classes Full^c

Brine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brine`
Description	Strong (''Concentrated'') solution of salt (''SodiumChloride''), more concentrated than ''SeaWater'', close to saturation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brine' in WordNet: 2. brine - (a strong solution of salt and water used for pickling)`
Super-classes	Water-Saline^c Solution^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Pickling^c hasSolute^op value SodiumChloride^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Concentrated^c

Bringing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bringing`
Description	Bringing is a Carrying in which an Agent arrives at a destination and completes the Carrying event. The word 'bring' focuses on the final part of a Carrying event, but this COSMO concept may include a preliminary going to obtain the thing brought back (Wordnet sense 4, 'get' or 'fetch'). The word 'bring' is often used to represent the perspective of another Agent who is at the destination location and receives the object(s) carried. However, this does not include 'bringing' a person, so this is only part of sense 1 of 'bring' in WordNet. There is a difference of perspective in the words 'bring' and 'take' not reflected in WordNet sense 1: 'bringing' focuses on the addition of something at the arrival point, whereas 'taking' focuses on the removal of something from the departure point. Both perspectives are included in this type, but these perspectives are not yet (rev953) formalized. @ToDo: add 'adding' and 'removing' as parents?? or as cause-effect? or starting and ending phases?? The addition and removal can be represented as the ending and starting parts of this type of action. This includes part of sense 1 and sense 4 of 'bring' and sense 6 of 'get' and sense 7 of 'take' in WordNet: 1. (122) bring, convey, take - (take something or somebody with oneself somewhere; 'Bring me the box from the other room'; 'Take these letters to the boss'; 'This brings me to the main point') 4. (19) bring, get, convey, fetch - (go or come after and bring or take back; 'Get me those books over there, please'; 'Could you bring the wine?'; 'The dog fetched the hat')
Super-classes	ArrivingAtAPlace^c Carrying^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value Carrying^c
Sub-classes	Delivering^c

Brisk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brisk

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brisk' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) brisk, lively, merry, rattling, snappy, spanking, zippy -
            (quick and energetic; 'a brisk walk in the park'; 'a lively gait'; 
            'a merry chase'; 'traveling at a rattling rate'; 'a snappy pace'; 'a spanking breeze')

Super-classes Quick^c

Briskly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Briskly`
Description	Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'briskly' in Wordnet: 1. (4) briskly - (in a brisk manner; "she walked briskly in the cold air"; '`after lunch,' she said briskly')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Bristle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bristle`
Description	CYC: The collection of all bristles. @ToDo: Fiber? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bristle' in WordNet: 1. (5) bristle - (a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic)`
Super-classes	Fiber^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c
Sub-classes	StiffBristle^c ShortBristle^c

Bristles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bristles`
Description	A large Group of 'Bristle's, typically attached to some handle in a device such as a Brush or Broom. This type is restricted to 'Group's of 'Bristle's that are ArtifactOjects (which can bederived from natural objects); the group may originate as natural objects, but as a Group used in some Device they would be an ArtifactObject, specially cut and organized for a purpose. `Corresponds to plural of noun sense 1 of 'bristle' (see ''Bristle'') in WordNet: 1. (5) bristle - (a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic) 2. (1) bristle - (a stiff hair)`
Super-classes	MobOfThings^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Bristle^c
Sub-classes	ShortBristles^c

British^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#British

Description

''British'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''TheBritish''. This is usually written with a capital 'B'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'British' in WordNet:
          1. (13) British - (of or relating to or characteristic of 
           Great Britain or its people or culture; 'his wife is British')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

BritishPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BritishPerson`
Description	A 'BritishPerson' is a Person born in, a citizens of, or living in Great Britain and in some significant way participating in its national culture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Brit' in Wordnet: 1. Britisher, Briton, Brit - (a native or inhabitant of Great Britain)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c
Sub-classes	Batman^c Solicitor^c EnglishPerson^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JohnLennon

BritishThermalUnit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BritishThermalUnit

Description

An energy measure.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'British thermal unit' in WordNet:
        1. (4) British thermal unit, BTU, B.Th.U. - 
             (a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required
              to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at one atmosphere pressure;
              equivalent to 251.997 calories)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Brittle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brittle`
Description	An attribute of PhysicalObjects specifying that they cannot bend to any extent and will break if too much force is applied to one part and not another. This is the opposite of ''Flexible' and is characteristic of glass and ceramics. COSMO note: in COSMO, an attributeValue. The Object representing this attribute (see CYC def) is 'BrittleObject'. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$SolidTangibleThing that break easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of #$Glass. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brittle' in LDOCE and RHW - no entry in the LDOCE DC: RHW adjective 'brittle' 1. having hardness and rigidity but little tensile strength; breaking readily with a comparatively smooth fracture, as glass. WN adjective brittle: in WordNet: 1. (2) brittle, brickle, brickly - (having little elasticity; hence easily cracked or fractured or snapped; 'brittle bones'; 'glass is brittle'; ''brickle' and 'brickly' are dialectal')
Super-classes	Solid^c
Sub-classes	Crispy^c

BrittleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrittleObject`
Description	The collecion of instances of #$SolidTangibleThing that break easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of #$Glass.
Super-classes	HardObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brittle^c
Sub-classes	CeramicArtifact^c Gemstone^c

BrittleSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrittleSubstance`
Description	Substances with the intrinsic property of breaking easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of #$Glass.
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brittle^c
Sub-classes	DiamondSubstance^c Osmium^c

Broad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broad

Description

'Broad' is a specialization of 'Wide' that speficies that something has a larger than usual breadth relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. This is not identical to 'Wide' in usage, but the formal difference has not yet (Rev953) been detemined.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'broad' in WordNet:
      1. (14) wide, broad - (having great (or a certain) extent from
        one side to the other; 'wide roads'; 'a wide necktie'; 'wide margins'; 
        'three feet wide'; 'a river two miles broad'; 'broad shoulders'; 
        'a broad river')

Super-classes Wide^c

Broad-based^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broad-based

Description

''Supported'' is a property of something that has received 'support' of some kind,including monetary support, 'moral suppport', recommedations, or information or data that tend to confirm a proposition. This is a degree of support greater than just ''Supported''

       No adj sense of 'broad-based' in WN.

Super-classes Supported^c

Broad-minded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broad-minded

Description

''Broad-minded'' is a subtype of ''Tolerant'' characterizing People who try to consider opposing opintions objectively and are willing to accept information contradicting their views and take it into consideration to possibly modify their views. This includes views on matters of morality.

  This attribute is relevant to 
    specific views; a Prson that is 'Narrow-minded' about some topics
    may be ''Broad-minded' about other topics.

    Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'liberal' in WordNet:
      1. (6) broad, large-minded, liberal, tolerant - (showing or characterized 
          by broad-mindedness; 'a broad political stance'; 
          'generous and broad sympathies'; 'a liberal newspaper'; 
          'tolerant of his opponent's opinions')

Super-classes Tolerant^c

Broadband^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broadband

Description

''Broadband'' characterizes a ''BroadbandCommunicationsLine''or such linesin general, and for ''NetworkCommunication'' that uses high-capacity lines, whether high-frequency radio communication, or Fiber Optic lines. This is particularly useful for transmitting signals with a larege quantity of information, such as video signals.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'broadband' in Wordnet:
          1. broadband - (of or relating to or being a communications network in which 
              the bandwidth can be divided and shared by multiple simultaneous signals 
              (as for voice or data or video))
          2. broadband, wideband - (responding to or operating at a wide band of frequencies;
              'a broadband antenna')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

BroadbandCommunicationsLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadbandCommunicationsLine`
Description	A ''BroadbandCommunicationsLine'' is a ''CommunicationsLine'' that allows multiple different data signals to pass over the same line. `" a high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously. 'our ability to uplink on broadband has been curtailed'; 'broadband applications such as video and live audio' " No noun sense for 'broadband' in WordNet.`
Super-classes	CommunicationsChannel^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some Communication^c

BroadcastAdvertisement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastAdvertisement`
Description	A ''BroadcastAdvertisement'' is a ''BroadcastSegment'' that is the 'execution' of an ''AdvertisementScript''. This is the actual sounds and/or scenes in a broadcast (Radio or TV or internet video) that the viewer hears or sees (if they are paying attention). This is commonly refered to as a 'commercial', or an an 'important message' or as a 'message from our sponsor'. `'We interrupt this program to bring you this important message'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commercial' in WordNet: 1. (4) commercial, commercial message - (a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television)`
Super-classes	BroadcastSegment^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some Broadcasting^c isAnExecutionOf^op value AdvertisementScript^c

BroadcastChannel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastChannel`
Description	A ''BroadcastChannel'' is a ''CommunicationsChannel'' which is a ''Group'' consisting of a band of radio frequencies (including television frequencies) assigned by a government agency for use by some broadcaster within some geographical region. This does not include cable 'channels' that are not broadcast over the air with radio waves. This is not merely the frequencies, it includes the government authorization and a designation of the valid geographical region `Includes but is broader (including all radio an TV frequencies) than noun sense 7 of 'channel' (but does not include the programs) in WordNet: 7. channel, television channel, TV channel - (a television station and its programs; 'a satellite TV channel'; 'surfing through the channels'; 'they offer more than one hundred channels')`
Super-classes	Group^c CommunicationsChannel^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Broadcaster^c hasComponentElement^op some RadioFrequencyBand^c hasComponentElement^op some GeographicalRegion^c

BroadcastCommentator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastCommentator`
Description	A ''BroadcastCommentator'' is a Person who provides a ''Commentary'' on a regular basis on some program(s) on either Radio or television. This is used mostly for news commentators on Televison. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'commentator' in WordNet: 1. (2) observer, commentator - (an expert who observes and comments on something)`
Super-classes	Affiliate^c Expert^c
Restrictions	isAssociatedWithAgent^op some BroadcastingOrganization^c

BroadcastEpisode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastEpisode`
Description	A ''BroadcastEpisode'' is an ''Episode'' that is one ''Broadcasting'' Event in a ''BroadcastSeries''. Each such ''Broadcasting'' typically lasts for one-half to one hour. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'episode' in WordNet: 1. (4) episode - (a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events)`
Super-classes	BroadcastSegment^c Episode^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some BroadcastSeries^c

BroadcastProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastProgram`
Description	This is the Action of Performing some Acts, whether solel speech (as on a Radio shoe) or including visual Actions as in a ''TelevisionProgram''. These actions are either recorde or directly picked up by electronic devices and broadcast by radio waves or some form of cable trasmission or both. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'broadcast' in WordNet: 2. broadcast, program, programme - (a radio or television show; 'did you see his program last night?')`
Super-classes	Performance^c ServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Broadcasting^c
Sub-classes	TelevisionProgram^c Rerun^c

BroadcastSegment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastSegment`
Description	A ''BroadcastSegment'' is any continuous part of the content (sound and/or video) of a ''Broadcasting'' Action.
Super-classes	Broadcasting^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some Broadcasting^c
Sub-classes	BroadcastEpisode^c BroadcastAdvertisement^c

BroadcastSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastSeries`
Description	A ''DramaticPerformanceSeries'' is a ''ReiterativeEventSeries'', is a Group of Events in sequence, each instance of which is one broadcast (radio, television, cable, or internet) of some program that have a common producer, mostly common lead participants, and typically recur at regularly scheduled intervals of a day or a week during some broadcast season. This can include news or comedy programs, dramatic series or sitcoms, interview shows, or anything else that can hold an audience's attention.
Super-classes	ReiterativeEventSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some BroadcastEpisode^c

Broadcaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broadcaster`
Description	A ''Broadcaster'' male or female person whose job is to participate in some way in 'Broadcasting' events, not merely in a technical support role, but so that their voice (in radio) or image (in television) is transmitted over the airwaves. This can be for single small stations or large networks. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broadcaster' in Wordnet: 1. broadcaster - (someone who broadcasts on radio or television)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c MediaProfessional^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Broadcasting^c
Sub-classes	Newscaster^c Announcer^c

Broadcasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broadcasting`
Description	COSMO note: as of rev1489 this type conflates the 'emission' event with the emitted wave. thes are different types of Events, and need to be disected. See ''EmittingaRadioWave'' and ''RadioWave'' for examples of the two types of Events. @ToDo: make parallel hierarchies in their proper tree. CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$MediaTransmitting conducted via radio or TV. In COSMO, this Action is the action of sending out the signals in anticipation that there will be multiple recipients. A Broadcasting action is an instance of this category even if no one picks up the signal. Cyc: In every #$Broadcasting event, an #$InformationBearingWavePropagation is converted into radio signals, which are transmitted by a #$BroadcastAntenna and received by a #$ReceivingAntenna. Subsets of #$Broadcasting are #$RadioBroadcasting and #$TVBroadcasting. SUMO: Disseminating information by using a CommunicationDevice that radiates RadioEmissions. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'broadcast' in WordNet: 1. (2) air, send, broadcast, beam, transmit - (broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; 'We cannot air this X-rated song')
Super-classes	RadioSignalTransmission^c SendingSomething^c InformationBearingWavePropagation^c Telecommunication^c MediaTransmitting^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value RadioWaveTransmittingDevice^c
Sub-classes	NewsBroadcasting^c Televising^c RadioBroadcasting^c TVBroadcasting^c BroadcastSegment^c Newscast^c

BroadcastingBlackout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastingBlackout`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackout' in WordNet: 1. (1) blackout - (a suspension of radio or tv broadcasting)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c Intermission^c

BroadcastingOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroadcastingOrganization`
Description	A 'BroadcastingOrganization'' is an Organiation that performs ''Broadcasting'' over Radio or TV or cable, usually owning the rights to some radio bandwidth in some area, or has a contract with a cable company to provide content. `Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'broadcaster' in WordNet; 1. broadcaster - (someone who broadcasts on radio or television)`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Broadcasting^c
Sub-classes	NewsBroadcastingOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MSNBC

Broccoli^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broccoli

Description

        RHW: a form of a cultivated cruciferous plant, Brassica oleracea botrytis,
             whose leafy stalks and clusters of usually green buds are eaten 
             as a vegetable. Cf. cauliflower.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broccoli' in WordNet:
          1. broccoli, Brassica oleracea italica - (plant with dense clusters of tight green flower buds)

Super-classes CruciferousPlant^c

Broccoli-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broccoli-Foodstuff`
Description	This type ''Broccoli-Foodstuff'' is the Food substance consisting of the unflowered heads derived from the ''Broccoli'' plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'broccoli' in WordNet: 2. broccoli - (branched green undeveloped flower heads)`
Super-classes	CruciferousVegetable^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value GreenColor^c

Broiled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broiled`
Description	''Broiled'' is the attribute of some ''FoodObject'' that was cooked in a ''Broiling'' (transitive) Action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'broiled' in Wordnet: 1. broiled, grilled - (cooked by radiant heat (as over a grill))`
Super-classes	Cooked^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Grilled^c

BroilingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroilingFood`
Description	''BroilingFood'' is a ''CookingFood'' by exposing it to a source of direct ('rdiant') heat (often from above; for heating from below use subtype ''Grilling''). `MWD 'broil': : to cook by exposure to radiant heat : GRILL NOTE: the WN sense suggests only heating from above; this includes above and below, but heating from below is a subtype.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'broil' in Wordnet: 1. (2) broil, oven broil - (cook under a broiler; "broil fish")`
Super-classes	CookingFood^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Broiled^c heats^op some FoodObjectType^c

Broke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broke`
Description	Out of money - having no funds. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'broke' in Wordnet: 1. (2) broke, bust, skint, stone-broke, stony-broke - (lacking funds; ''skint' is a British slang term')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bankrupt^c

Broken^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broken`
Description	Broken is the attribute of a Device that is NonFunctional, because of some malfunctioning or missing component that is difficult to repair or replace. The mere absence of an easily replaceable part such as spark plugs in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine would make that vehicle 'NonFunctional', but not 'Broken. A missing muffler would make a vehicle 'LackingaFunction', but not 'Broken'. A broken shaft in the engine would make it 'Broken'. An object may be 'Broken' without having gone through a 'DamagingEvent', by wearing out gradually. Something 'malfunctioning' may or may not be 'Broken' depending on whether it can do its function, howeverly poorly (LackingaFunction') or not do it at all ('Broken'). 'Broken' may be a temporary condition, and does not mean that a Device is not repairable, but it should be used for devices whose malfunction is so difficult to repair that the cost of repair will approach or exceed the cost of replacement. Thus the borderline between 'NonFunctional' and 'Broken' may be difficult to discern in some cases. A crack or hole in a container intended to hold fluids would make it NonFunctional if it caused the container to leak so quickly as to be useless; if it could be easily sealed, the container would not be 'Broken', but would be temporarily 'NonFunctional'. Linguistically, something that is 'broken' may also be termed 'out of order'. Includes senses 1 and 11 of 'broken' in WordNet: 1. (16) broken - (physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split; 'a broken mirror'; 'a broken tooth'; 'a broken leg'; 'his neck is broken') 11. broken, busted - (out of working order ('busted' is an informal substitute for 'broken'); 'a broken washing machine'; 'the coke machine is broken'; 'the coke machine is busted')
Super-classes	NonFunctional^c
Sub-classes	Shattered^c Wrecked^c

BrokenIntoPieces^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrokenIntoPieces

Description

''BrokenIntoPieces'' is a subattribute of ''Fragmented'' for brittle Objects that .

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'puzzled' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) at a loss, nonplused, nonplussed, puzzled -
             (filled with bewilderment; 'at a loss to understand those remarks';
             'puzzled that she left without saying goodbye')
        WN adj sense 2 of 'stuck':
          2. stuck - (baffled; 'this problem has me completely stuck')

Super-classes Fragmented^c

BrokenStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrokenStone`
Description	'BrokenStone' is a substance that is a type of ''Gravel'' (a type of ''Stone'', i.e. rock) that is broken into small marble-sized pieces by a ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' Action; it is usually not rounded, . This is an ''ArtificialSubstance'' and thus differs from the ''Gravel'' that is found naturally,such as in river beds.
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c Gravel^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value BrokenStoneObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BrokenIntoPieces^c isProducedByEventType^op value BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c

BrokenStoneObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrokenStoneObject`
Description	A ''BrokenStoneObject''is a ''MarbleSizedObject'' made of ''Stone'' that was produced by a ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' process. This is the unit object of ''BrokenStone.
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c isProducedByEventType^op value BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c

BrokenUp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrokenUp

Description

''Sunken'' is the attribute of a ''HumanRelatonship'' (such as ''Friendship'') or an ''Organizaton'' (including ''Country''s) that has experienced a ''Breakup'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sunken' in Wordnet:
          2. sunken, submerged - (under water; e.g. at the bottom of a body of water;
             'sunken treasure'; 'a sunken ship')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Brokenhearted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brokenhearted

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing ''Grief''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brokenhearted' in Wordnet:
          1. brokenhearted, heartbroken, heartsick - (full of sorrow)
        WN adj 'grief-stricken':
          1. (1) bereaved, bereft, grief-stricken, grieving, mourning, sorrowing -
            (sorrowful through loss or deprivation; 'bereft of hope')

Super-classes Unhappy^c

Broker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broker`
Description	This is the generic 'broker'that may or may not get paid for efforts as an intermediary. This is broader than the WN sense,but is specific for assisting in reaching an agreement, whether economic or otherwise (as in poltics). `RHW: broker (sense 2 is the parent ''Intermediary'') 1. an agent who buys or sells for a principal on a commission basis without having title to the property. 2. a person who functions as an intermediary between two or more parties in negotiating agreements, bargains, or the like. 3. stockbroker. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broker' in WordNet: 1. (1) agent, factor, broker - (a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission)`
Super-classes	Intermediary^c
Sub-classes	ProfessionalBroker^c RealEstateAgent^c

Brokerage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brokerage`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brokerage' in WordNet: 1. (1) brokerage, brokerage firm, securities firm - (a stock broker's business; charges a fee to act as intermediary between buyer and seller)`
Super-classes	FinancialOrganization^c

Brokering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brokering`
Description	''Brokering'' is a specialization of ''Negotiating'' specifically over the terms of an exchange or purchase Agreement; the main item to be determined is usually the price. In some cases as in the 'brokering'done by a stockbroker, there is little or no leeway on the price, and the ''Broker'' performing the service merely functions where the person doing the buying or selling does not have direct access to the relevant market. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'broker' in WordNet: 1. broker - (act as a broker)`
Super-classes	Negotiating^c ServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ProfessionalBroker^c hasMonetaryValue^op value Commission-Fee^c

Bromine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bromine

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of Bromine. Bromine is a heavy, volatile, corrosive, reddish-brown nonmetallic substance that is liquid under normal physical conditions.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bromine' in WordNet:
          1. bromine, Br, atomic number 35 - (a nonmetallic largely 
               pentavalent heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element
               belonging to the halogens; found in sea water)

Super-classes ToxicSubstance^c
NonMetal^c
Halogen^c

Bronchitis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bronchitis`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$UpperRespiratoryInfection. #$Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes. It causes less air to be able to flow to and from the lungs and a heavy mucus or phlegm is coughed up. `Not necessarily due to infection: RHW: acute or chronic inflammation of the membrane lining of the bronchial tubes, caused by respiratory infection or exposure to bronchial irritants, as cigarette smoke. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bronchitis' in WordNet: 1. bronchitis - (inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c Inflammation^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Lung^c

Bronze^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bronze

Description

A Substance consisting mostly of Copper with some Tin.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bronze' in WordNet:
          1. (2) bronze - (an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; 
          also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin)

Super-classes Alloy^c

BronzeAge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BronzeAge`
Description	''BronzeAge'' is the ''HistoricalPeriod'' that precedes the ''Antiquity''. This is the period when Bronze was the primary hard metal used in tools and weapons,before Iron refining was discovered. This period occurred in different chronological times in dfferent locations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bronze Age' in WordNet: 1. Bronze Age - ((archeology) a period between the Stone and Iron Ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons)`
Super-classes	HistoricalPeriod^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf value Antiquity^c precedes^op value IronAge^c

BronzeSculpture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BronzeSculpture`
Description	A ''Sculpture'' consisting mostly of ''Bronze''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bronze' in WordNet: 2. bronze - (a sculpture made of bronze)`
Super-classes	Sculpture^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Bronze^c

Brooch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brooch`
Description	A ''Brooch'' is a ''JewelryPin'' that is larger than the average ''JewelryPin''. `CYC: The collection of brooches, a kind of decorative pin often used to attach a scarf. RHW: a clasp or ornament having a pin at the back for passing through the clothing and a catch for securing the point of the pin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brooch' in WordNet: 1. brooch, broach, breastpin - (a decorative pin worn by women)`
Super-classes	JewelryPin^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Clothing-Top^c

Brood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brood`
Description	A ''Brood'' is a 'GroupOfAnimals'' of which each component element is an offspring of the same mother animal, and all of which are being nurtured at the same time - usually because they were born within the same birth event. This is usually used for ''NonHumanAnimal''s but is sometimes used - perhaps metaphorically - for human hildren of the same parents being raised at the same time. `RHW 'brood': 1. a number of young produced or hatched at one time; a family of offspring or young. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brood' in WordNet: 1. (10) brood - (the young of an animal cared for at one time)`
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only JuvenileAnimal^c

Broom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broom`
Description	CYC: The collection of all long-handled brooms, used for cleaning floors. The short-handled whisk broom is categorized as a 'Brush'. `SUMO: A BrushOrComb whose purpose is to remove dirt and other small particles from floors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broom' in WordNet: 1. (3) broom - (a cleaning implement for sweeping; bundle of straws or twigs attached to a long handle)`
Super-classes	CleaningImplement^c BrushOrBroom^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value BroomHandle^c

BroomHandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BroomHandle`
Description	A shaft-like ''Handle'' longer than 120 cm. `CYC: The collection of all handles like broom handles. This would also include mop handles, etc.`
Super-classes	LongHandle^c Shaft^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 120.0^c

Broth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Broth`
Description	A ''Broth' has a higher viscosity than the watery component of a ''Soup'', and the meat or fish particles in a ''Broth'' should be small enough not to settle readily to the bottom. `RHW: 1. thin soup of concentrated meat or fish stock. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broth' in WordNet: 1. broth, stock - (liquid in which meat and vegetables are simmered; used as a basis for e.g. soups or sauces; 'she made gravy with a base of beef stock')`
Super-classes	Soup^c
Restrictions	hasSalientSubstance^op value SolidFood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Viscous^c
Sub-classes	SoupStock^c

Brothel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brothel`
Description	A #$Building in which #$Prostitutes engage in #$SexualBehavior with clients for money. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brothel' in WordNet: 1. (2) whorehouse, brothel, bordello, bagnio, house of prostitution, house of ill repute, bawdyhouse, cathouse, sporting house - (a building where prostitutes are available)`
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Prostitution^c

Brother^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brother`
Description	A BiologicalSibling who is male. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brother' in WordNet: 1. (36) brother, blood brother - (a male with the same parents as someone else; 'my brother still lives with our parents')`
Super-classes	MalePerson^c BiologicalSibling^c
Sub-classes	StepBrother^c

BrotherInLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrotherInLaw`
Description	An ''BrotherInLaw'' is an ''InLaw'' who married a Sibling of the reference Person. Before same-sex marriage became legal in some jurisdictions, this could be reliably asserted to be a person married to a Sister, but now it could be the person married to a ''Brother''. This relationisrepresented by the relation 'hasSpouse' - 'BiologicalSibling'. This needs to be elaborated by FOL,to clarify of whom the 'BiologicalSibling' is. In either case, this is not a biological relative. A 'brother-in-law' could be a Person related by marriage to one's own sibling, or related to the one a Person is him/herself married to. This ambiguity would need more work to cover all the possibilities. So this is just a place-holder to be elaborated when needed. e.g. RHW 'brother-in-law'': 1. the brother of one's husband or wife. 2. the husband of one's sister. 3. the husband of one's wife's or husband's sister. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brother-in-law' in WordNet: 1. (1) brother-in-law - (a brother by marriage)
Super-classes	InLaw^c
Restrictions	hasSpouse^op some BiologicalSibling^c

Brotherhood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brotherhood`
Description	This ''Brotherhood'' is for the ''Kinship'' between two or more 'brothers'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brotherhood' in WordNet: 1. (1) brotherhood - (the kinship relation between a male offspring and the siblings)`
Super-classes	Kinship^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Brothers^c

BrotherhoodOfMan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrotherhoodOfMan

Description

The ''BrotherhoodOfMan'' is a Feeling among many people that all other people should be treated as though they are 'brothers', in a friendly manner.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'brotherood' in WordNet:
          3. (1) brotherhood - (the feeling that men should treat one another like brothers)

Super-classes Friendliness^c

Brothers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brothers`
Description	''Brothers'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a ''Brother'' of the others.
Super-classes	KinshipGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Brother^c

BrowLiner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrowLiner`
Description	''BrowLiner'' is a form of ''Eyeliner'' that is used to emphasize the ''Eyebrow''s.
Super-classes	Eyeliner^c CoatingMaterial^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Eyebrow^c

Brown-EyeColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brown-EyeColor`
Description
Super-classes	LightOliveBrown-Color^c

Brown-HairColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brown-HairColor`
Description
Super-classes	HairColorValue^c BrownColor^c

BrownColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrownColor`
Description	The color brown. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'brown' in WordNet; Wordnet includes both ;brownish' and 'brown' in the same sense, COSMO distinguishes them; this is the color that has little other tinges to confuse; true brown.: in WordNet: 1. (38) brown, brownish, chocolate-brown, dark-brown - (of a color similar to that of wood or earth)`
Super-classes	Brownish^c
Sub-classes	LightOliveBrown-Color^c Brown-HairColor^c

Brownie^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brownie

Description

A single brownie - an object, not a substance. Sort of like a ''Cookie'' and sort of like a piece of ''Cake'' - short and flat, but spongy and not as hard as a typical ''Cookie''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brownie' in Wordnet:
           3. brownie - (square or bar of very rich chocolate cake usually with nuts)

Super-classes Cake^c
Cookie^c

BrownieScout^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrownieScout

Description

A young member of the ''GirlScouts''.

       Corresponds to RHW sense 4 of 'brownie':
         (sometimes cap.) a member of the junior division of the Girl Scouts
          or the Girl Guides, being a girl in the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade
          and usually between 6 and 8 years old.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Brownie' in Wordnet:
           1. Brownie - (a junior Girl Scout)

Super-classes Girl^c

Browning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Browning`
Description	''Browning'' is an Event in which some object goes from colorless or a very light near-white color to a ''Brownish'' color. `ncludes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'brown' (not necessarily fry and not necessarily in a pan - ''ToastingSomething'' is a subtype) in WordNet: 1. (1) brown - (fry in a pan until it changes color; "brown the meat in the pan")`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Brownish^c
Sub-classes	ToastingSomething^c

Brownish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brownish`
Description	The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$BrownColor. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'brown' in WordNet; Wordnet includes both ;brownish' and 'brown' in the same sense, COSMO distinguishes them.: in WordNet: 1. (38) brown, brownish, chocolate-brown, dark-brown -- (of a color similar to that of wood or earth)`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	CamelColor^c RustColored^c MustardColor^c Tan^c Auburn^c MaroonColor^c LightBrown^c DarkBlondeColor^c KhakiColor^c ModerateBrown-Color^c BrownColor^c

BrownishBlack-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrownishBlack-Color`
Description
Super-classes	Black^c

Brownout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brownout`
Description	A ''Brownout'' is a ''LackingElectricalPower'' that is either (1) intentional extinction of lights as a precaution against aerial attack; or (2) only a partial loss of power, not complete as in a ''Blackout'', in some area larger than a single building. This second meaning may be due to intentional reduction of voltage by the power company when demand is very high, as a prection to avoid the full loss of power. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'brownout' in WordNet: 1. blackout, brownout, dimout - (darkness resulting from the extinction of lights (as in a city invisible to enemy aircraft))`
Super-classes	LackingElectricalPower^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value PowerFailure^c isPerformedBy^op value Building^c

Bruise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bruise`
Description	A ''Bruise'' is also called a 'contusion', an injury that often causes discoloration of the skin but does not penetrate the skin.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bruise' in WordNet: 1. (1) bruise, contusion - (an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration)`
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Bruising^c doesNotHavePart^op value Cut^c hasSymptom^op value Erythema^c

Bruised^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bruised`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bruised' in WordNet: 1. (2) bruised, contused, contusioned - (injured without breaking the skin; 'a cut forehead and bruised cheek')`
Super-classes	Damaged^c PastParticiple^c

Bruising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bruising`
Description	''Bruising'' is a ''Injuring'' caused by some impact on a part of the body that does not cause penetration of the skin. This `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bruise' in WordNet: 1. (2) bruise, contuse - (injure the underlying soft tissue of bone of; 'I bruised my knee')`
Super-classes	PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value AnimalBodyPart^c produces^op value Bruise^c

Brunch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brunch`
Description	''Brunch'' can be eaten at any time from late morning to mid-afternoon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brunch' in WordNet: 1. brunch - (combination breakfast and lunch; usually served in late morning)`
Super-classes	Meal^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value Midday^c

Brunt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brunt`
Description	`'The coast bore the brunt of the storm' 'People who bear the brunt of something endure the worst of something bad' 'The customer service department bore the brunt.' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'brunt' in Wordnet: 1. brunt - (main force of a blow etc; 'bore the brunt of the attack')`
Super-classes	Forcefulness^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostDifficult^c

Brush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brush`
Description	A Device with multiple moderately stiff bristles or hairs used for any of several purposes,such as cleaning and applying paint. The short-handled brushes and whisk brooms are instances, regardless of the material that the bristles are made of. Includes 'ToothBrush'.and 'paintbrush'. `NOTE that the restrictions require that a Brush have both a Handle and Bristles, but the use of 'hasValue' does not require that the components be named and represented separately. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brush' in WordNet: 2. (8) brush - (an implement that has hairs or bristles firmly set into a handle)`
Super-classes	BrushOrBroom^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Bristles^c hasComponentPart^op value Handle^c
Sub-classes	NailBrush^c ToothBrush^c HairBrush^c PaintBrush^c ScrubBrush^c

BrushOrBroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrushOrBroom`
Description	A Device which consists of a handle and (at least ten) bristles and whose purpose is to remove particles from something or to smooth something out.
Super-classes	CleaningImplement^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Bristles^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c
Sub-classes	WhiskBroom^c Brush^c Broom^c

Brushing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brushing`
Description	A 'Brushing' is a 'Sliding-Generic' motion involving two objects that are intentionally pressed lightly against each other (or one on the other) while performing a sliding motion with one of the objects. This includes mutual sliding, as in people 'brushing' against each other, but will usually be used for Actions in which a Person moves the hand or some object in the hand against a solid surface. Subtypes will be (not yet - r805) BrushingWithaBrush, PettingAnAnimal, and BrushingParticlesFromaSurface. NOTE that this is a 'PurposefulAction, meaning that the agent was moving purposefully, but the Brushing component of the Action may not itself be intentional. The main division will be (1) the act of brushing things from a surface, where the object is the particles removed (see 'Sweeping'); and (2) brushing a surface without the intention of removing things from it. For actions where a surface is abraded intentionally, use 'AbradingSomething'. Includes verb senses 1 through 5 of 'brush' in WordNet: 1. (11) brush - (rub with a brush, or as if with a brush; 'Johnson brushed the hairs from his jacket') 2. (10) brush - (touch lightly and briefly; 'He brushed the wall lightly') 3. (5) brush - (clean with a brush; 'She brushed the suit before hanging it back into the closet') 4. (2) brush, sweep - (sweep across or over; 'Her long skirt brushed the floor'; 'A gasp swept cross the audience') 5. (1) brush - (remove with or as if with a brush; 'brush away the crumbs'; 'brush the dust from the jacket'; 'brush aside the objections')
Super-classes	ApplyingFriction^c PurposefulAction^c Sliding-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Sweeping^c BrushingTeeth^c

BrushingHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrushingHair`
Description	''BrushingHair'' is a ''HairCare'' Action in which someone runs a ''HirBrush'' through someone's (usually one's own) ''HairOnHead'', typically to make it straighter or glossier. Not for groooming pet animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brushing' in WordNet: 2. brush, brushing - (the act of brushing your hair; 'he gave his hair a quick brush')`
Super-classes	HairCare^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value HairBrush^c hadObjectTended^op value HairOnHead^c

BrushingTeeth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrushingTeeth`
Description	COSMO NOTE: this is broader than in Cyc, in an act of 'BrushingTeeth', a person can brush another person's teeth, or the teeth of an animal. Usually it is one's own teeth, by default. Cyc: This is the collection of all complex actions the focal point of which is brushing one's own teeth. Each instance begins with the preparations for brushing one's teeth--looking for the tools--and continues through the physical act of brushing, ending only after the cleaning up-putting away the tools-is finished. For the simple physical action of brushing one's teeth, see #$TeethCleaning. There is no WordNet sense of 'brush' specifically for teeth, but that is one use of the word: 'She showered, brushed, and dressed in under fifteen minutes'; 'you should brush after every meal'.
Super-classes	CleaningTeeth^c Brushing^c AbradingSomething^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value ToothBrush^c hadObjectCleaned^op value SetOfTeeth^c

BrutalAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrutalAction`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brutality' in WordNet: 2. (2) brutality, barbarity, barbarism, savagery - (a brutal barbarous savage act)`
Super-classes	Atrocity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Atrocious^c isAnActionDisposedByTendency^op value Brutality^c causes^op value HarmingAnAgent^c

Brutality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brutality

Description

''Brutality'' is a more intense form of ''Cruelness'' that disposes a Person to perform acts that impose unnecessary and unwarranted pain or harm on others.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brutality' in WordNet:
          1. (2) ferociousness, brutality, viciousness, savagery - (the trait of extreme cruelty)

Super-classes Cruelness^c

Brutally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brutally

Description

NOTE: 'cruelly' and 'brutally' both refer to ''Cruel'' as the stem adjective, but in COSMO ''Brutally'' represents a more intense degree of 'cruelty' than ''Cruelly''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'brutally' in Wordnet:
         1. viciously, brutally, savagely - (in a vicious manner; 'he was viciously attacked')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Brute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brute`
Description	A ''Brute'' is an ''Assailant'' who is 'cruel' and without compassion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brute' in WordNet: 1. (2) beast, wolf, savage, brute, wildcat - (a cruelly rapacious person)`
Super-classes	Assailant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Assault^c

BryophytaDivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BryophytaDivision`
Description	A biologicalDivision including mosses, liverworts and hornworts - those plants lacking vascular tissue. `in WordNet: 1. Bryophyta, division Bryophyta - (a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida))`
Super-classes	Plant^c
Sub-classes	Bryophyte^c

Bryophyte^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bryophyte`
Description	Those plants lacking vascular tissue. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bryophyte' in WordNet: 1. bryophyte, nonvascular plant - (any of numerous plants of the division Bryophyta)`
Super-classes	BryophytaDivision^c NonvascularOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Liverwort^c MusciClass^c

BubbleGum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BubbleGum`
Description	A type of ''ChewingGum'' that is consituted of sticky stuff that can be blown into bubbles while chewing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bubble gum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bubble gum - (a kind of chewing gum that can be blown into bubbles)`
Super-classes	ChewingGum^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Chewing^c

BubbleInAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BubbleInAir`
Description	A ''BubbleInAir'' is a near-spheroidal object that may be very small or multiple centimeters wide, all or most of the surface of which is in contact with the atmosphere. This is for soap bubbles blown from a ring, or BubbleGum bubbles still partly in a person's mouth. Those are subtypes.
Super-classes	HollowBall^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value HollowLiquidBall^c hasPhysicalPart^op value GasBubble^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Sub-classes	SoapBubble^c

Bubbles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bubbles`
Description	Each instance of ''Bubbles'' is a Group of ''GasBubble''s inside a the same ''LiquidObject'', such as in a bottle or a DrinkingVessel, or collected at the top of the liquid as ''Froth''.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value GasBubble^c isContainedIn^op some (LiquidObject^c or LiquidSubstanceType^c or LiquidObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Froth^c

Bucket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bucket`
Description	COSMO: A ''Bucket'' is a container that is small enough to carry with one hand. It may or may not have a handle, and may or may not have a lid. It is typically cylindrical, but squarish buckets also are available. A 'paint bucket' (also 'paint can') usually has a lid, and always has a lid if used for shipping and storage. A KFC 'bucket' of chicken is typically of cardboard or similar composite; some 'ice buckets' (as in some motels) have no handle. In WordNet there is no clear distinction between ''Bucket'' and ''Pail'', but COSMO makes some distinctions between the formal concepts of ''Bucket'' and ''Pail''. A ''Pail'' always has a handle, and if it has a lid, that lid must be removable that it is in essence, an open-topped container (''OpenTopContainer''). If it has a sloping side (not verticle) it will usually be a ''Pail''. A ''Bucket'' should be light enough to carry in one hand, though if it has more than 50 pounds in it, it may need a handle to carry conveniently. This corresponds to RHW definition 1: RHW: 1. a deep, cylindrical vessel, usually of metal, plastic, or wood, with a flat bottom and a semicircular bail, for collecting, carrying, or holding water, sand, fruit, etc.; pail. Cyc: The collection of all tangible buckets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bucket' and sense 1 of 'pail' in WordNet: 1. (2) bucket, pail - (a roughly cylindrical vessel that is open at the top)
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c OpenTopContainer^c SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	IceBucket^c Scuttle^c Pail^c

BuckyBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuckyBall`
Description	A ''BuckyBall'' is a ''FullereneMolecule'' in the shape of a sphere.
Super-classes	FullereneMolecule^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Spherical^c

Buckyballs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buckyballs`
Description	''Buckyballs'' is a 'Fullerene'' whose individual component molecules are each some form of ''BuckyBall'', individual molecules that are roughly spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. `NOTE: the term ''BuckyBall' (singular) represents the individual molecule (the 'unit object') of the substance ''BuckyBalls''. See 'BuckyBall'' for the properties of the individual molecule. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buckyball' in WordNet: 1. buckminsterfullerene, buckyball - (a spheroidal fullerene; the first known example of a fullerene)`
Super-classes	Fullerene^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value BuckyBall^c

Bucolic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bucolic

Description

''Bucolic'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to HerdingAnimals, and the animal (sheep and cattle) and the people who do theherding.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bucolic' in Wordnet:
        2. bucolic, pastoral - (relating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising
          sheep or cattle; "pastoral seminomadic people"; "pastoral land"; "a pastoral economy")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Bud^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bud

Description

A ''Flower'' that has not yet opened fully to reveal its ''Petal''s.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bud' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) bud - (a partially opened flower)

Super-classes Flower^c

Buddhism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buddhism`
Description	From Wikipedia: Buddhism is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, who was born in Ancient India, in the city of Lumbini, in what is now known as Nepal. It is thought that he was born in the fifth century BCE. While there is disagreement between denominations over the Buddha's teachings (the Buddha Dharma), nearly all Buddhists recognize some version of the Tipitaka ('Three Baskets'), though it plays a far more central role in Theravada than in Mahayana. Also, Mahayana Buddhists recognize a set of texts called the Mahayana Sutras which Theravadins do not accept. `From WordNet: in WordNet: 1. Buddhism - (a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha) 2. Buddhism - (the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth)`
Super-classes	Religion^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op value Buddhists^c hasTopic^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuddhaIsTheTeacher^c
Sub-classes	Zen^c

BuddhistMonk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuddhistMonk

Description

CYC: The collection of all individuals who serve as #$Monks within the framework of #$Buddhism.

      RHW 'bonze': a Buddhist monk, esp. of Japan or China.

Super-classes Monk^c
BuddhistPerson^c

BuddhistPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuddhistPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of all persons who believe in (at least some of) the tenets of some type of Buddhism, or who practice Buddhist religious rituals, or both. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buddhist' in WordNet: 1. (1) Buddhist - (one who follows the teachings of Buddha)`
Super-classes	ReligiousPerson^c
Restrictions	believes^op value Buddhism^c
Sub-classes	BuddhistMonk^c

BuddhistTemple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuddhistTemple`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$TempleBuildings dedicated to the religious practices of #$Buddhism.
Super-classes	TempleBuilding^c

Buddhists^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buddhists`
Super-classes	ReligiousGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only BuddhistPerson^c

Budding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Budding

Description

''Budding'' is an attribute of an Object that is beginning to grow or develop in some respect.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'budding' in Wordnet:
          1. budding - (beginning to develop; 'a budding genius')

Super-classes Developing^c

BuddingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuddingEvent`
Description	This ''BuddingEvent'' includes various distinguishable senses of the concept of 'beginning to grow'. `RHW 'verb 'bud' 9. to begin to develop. of verb 'bud' (begin to grow). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'bud' in WordNet: 2. (1) bud - (start to grow or develop; 'a budding friendship'`
Super-classes	BeginningOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value Development^c
Sub-classes	YeastBudding^c FlowerBudding^c

Budgerigar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Budgerigar

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'budgerigar' in WordNet:
        1. budgerigar, budgereegah, budgerygah, budgie, grass parakeet, 
           lovebird, shell parakeet, Melopsittacus undulatus - 
           (small Australian parakeet usually light green with 
           black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colors)

Super-classes Parakeet^c

Budget^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Budget`
Description	A ''Budget'' is a ''Plan'' specifying how much money an agent (person or group) intends to spend on each item of anticipated expenditure.. `CYC: special kinds of Plans which deal with financial expenses. 'expenditures'? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'budget' in WordNet: 2. (3) budget - (a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them; 'the president submitted the annual budget to Congress')`
Super-classes	Plan^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value SpendingMoney^c hasAbstractRepresentation^op some AbstractText^c

BudgetDeficit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BudgetDeficit`
Description	A ''BudgetDeficit'' is the monetary Difference between income and expenditures for some agent (person, Organization, government) `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'deficit' and sense 1 of 'budget deficit'in WordNet: 4. deficit - (an excess of liabilities over assets (usually over a certain period); 'last year there was a serious budgetary deficit') WN noun 'budet deficit': 1. budget deficit - (an excess of expenditures over revenues)`
Super-classes	Deficit^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op only Expenditure^c hasFirstElement^op only (Income^c or Revenue^c)

Budgetary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Budgetary

Description

This ''On-Screen'' characterizes things that are ''Visible' on

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'budgetary' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) budgetary - (of or relating to a budget; 'budgetary considerations')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Budging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Budging

Description

A 'Budging' is a type of small 'MotionInPlace' in which most parts of the object moving remain within the 'convex hull' of that object before the motion.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'budge' in WordNet:
         1. (3) stir, shift, budge, agitate - (move very slightly; 'He shifted in his seat')

Super-classes MotionInPlace^c

BuffColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuffColor`
Description
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	YellowishGray-Color^c YellowishWhite-Color^c

Buffalo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buffalo

Description

The American Bison.

    SUMO: A HoofedMammal with long hair whose habitat is the 
      plains of NorthAmerica.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buffalo' and part of sense 1 of 'bison' 
         in WordNet:
        1. (3) American bison, American buffalo, buffalo, Bison bison -
          (large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains)
       WN 'bison':
         1. bison - (any of several large humped bovids having shaggy manes 
               and large heads and short horns)

Super-classes HoofedMammal^c
Ruminant^c
Bovid^c

BuffaloWing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuffaloWing`
Description	A cooked Chicken wing, an Object, not a Substance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buffalo wing' in WordNet: 1. buffalo wing - (crisp spicy chicken wings)`
Super-classes	CookedWingOfFowl^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Spicy^c

BufferStorage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BufferStorage

Description

A temporary store of things, often used to smooth out differences in flow of inputs and flow of outputs.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'buffer' in WordNet:
          3. buffer, buffer storage, buffer store - 
            ((computer science) a part of RAM used for temporary storage 
              of data that is waiting to be sent to a device; used 
              to compensate for differences in the rate of flow of data 
              between components of a computer system)

Super-classes ComputerMemoryDevice^c

Buffet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buffet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buffet' in WordNet: 1. (1) buffet, counter, sideboard - (a piece of furniture that stands at the side of a dining room; has shelves and drawers)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c Counter^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op value DiningRoom^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Drawer^c

BuffetMeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuffetMeal`
Description	A ''BuffetMeal'' is a ''Meal'', that may have more than one component (in which case it could be a ''Smorgasbord''), layed out on some surface for people to take and place on their own plates. `NOTE: this might be considered in some sense as a ''MultiCourseMeal'', but that is now used for a meal that is served. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'buffet' in WordNet: 2. buffet - (a meal set out on a buffet at which guests help themselves)`
Super-classes	Role^c Variety^c Meal^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value FoodObject^c
Sub-classes	Smorgasbord^c

BuffetingAnObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuffetingAnObject

Description

''BuffetingAnObject'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that is not as forceful as a ''BatteringAnObject'', and may be done with objects that are soft, or even by ''Wind''.

          Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'buffet' in WordNet:
            2. buffet, buff - (strike, beat repeatedly; 'The wind buffeted him')

Super-classes ActionOnObject^c
ApplyingAForce^c
StrikingAnObjectEvent^c

Bug^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bug

Description

An informal term for any small creeping or crawling living thing, such as insects, arthropods, caterpillars.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bug' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) bug - (general term for any insect or similar creeping or crawling invertebrate)

Super-classes Invertebrate^c

Buggy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buggy

Description

A small Horse-drawn carriage.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buggy' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) buggy, roadster - (a small lightweight carriage; drawn by a single horse)

Super-classes HorseCarriage^c

Bugle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bugle

Description

A ''BrassInstrument'' without valves.

    doesNotHavePart -  valve (of horn instrument)

    SUMO: A HornInstrument that has no valves.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bugle' in WordNet:
         1. (3) bugle - (a brass instrument without valves; used for military calls and fanfares)

Super-classes BrassInstrument^c

BugleCall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BugleCall`
Description	A ''BugleCall'' is an instance of ''PlayingaBugle"'' that is a''Signal'' used by the military that 'indicates' that some Event has happened, or some time has arrived, or some Action should be performed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bugle call' in WordNet: 1. bugle call - (a signal broadcast by the sound of a bugle)`
Super-classes	PlayingaBugle^c Signal^c
Sub-classes	Reveille^c

Builder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Builder`
Description	A ''Builder'' is a Person or Organization that performs ''Constructing'' (building structures) as its main or one of its principle functions. `See subtype ''ConstructionCompany'',a more formal term. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'builder' in WordNet: 3. builder, constructor - (someone who contracts for and supervises construction (as of a building))`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Constructing^c
Sub-classes	ConstructionCompany^c

Building^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Building`
Description	SUMO: The Class of StationaryArtifacts which are intended to house Humans and their activities. NOTE: the restriction : hasPhysicalPart . . . Wall: one supposes that there should be more than one,but there are buildings with round walls, that have only one. NOTE2: isaPhysicalPartOf - Building is present to fill existential restriction. This is kludgy but logically correct, as an object is a part of itself (unless 'proper part' is specified). OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of artifacts; a subcollection of #$FixedStructure and of #$HumanShelterConstruction. An instance of #$Building is typically a substantial structure and must have walls and a roof, with rooms inside or at least some area designed to be occupied by humans (but not necessarily as a residence). Examples include the #$EmpireStateBuilding, Michael Jackson's house in L.A., King Arthur's castle, an #$AircraftHangar at O'Hare, a #$Lighthouse in the Mediterranean sea, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, the #$WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'building' in WordNet: 1. (48) building, edifice - (a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place; 'there was a three-story building on the corner'; 'it was an imposing edifice')
Super-classes	HumanOccupationConstruct^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Roof^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Building^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Wall^c
Sub-classes	ResidentialBuilding^c ShoppingMallBuilding^c Mausoleum^c Castle^c SportsArena^c Pavilion^c Winery^c OutpatientClinic^c BankBuilding^c TheaterBuilding^c Villa^c Lighthouse^c DetachedHouse^c ReligiousBuilding^c Brothel^c Bakery^c AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding^c Clubhouse^c MultiStoreyBuilding^c GovernmentalBuilding^c RailroadStation^c Brewery^c Distillery^c CommercialBuilding^c OfficeBuilding^c SchoolBuilding^c BathHouse^c Perfumery^c Hut^c Factory^c BaseballStadium^c MuseumBuilding^c FarmBuilding^c Hangar^c Greenhouse^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldTradeCenter1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#US_CapitolBuilding http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheOldLibraryAtTrinityCollege http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsHouse http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsResidence

BuildingBlock^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingBlock

Description

An Object used as one piece to construct something larger. Very general, physical or abstract (e.g. axioms are the building blocks of a theory).

       Includes noun senses 1 and 2 'building block' in WordNet:
          1. (2) unit, building block - (a single undivided natural thing occurring in
              the composition of something else; 'units of nucleic acids')
      2. building block - (a block of material used in construction work)

Super-classes Unit^c

BuildingFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingFire`
Description	A Fire that occurs in some building, and damages at least part of the building and usually some of its contents.
Super-classes	Fire^c IncurringPhysicalDamage^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some Building^c hadDamagedObject^op some Building^c

BuildingFrame^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingFrame

Description

A construction artifact (SolidTangibleArtifact) that forms the interior ''Framework'' for a building and supports the structure, keeping ts parts from falling.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeletal frame' in WordNet:
         1. skeleton, skeletal frame, frame, underframe - (the internal supporting structure 
            that gives an artifact its shape; 'the building has a steel skeleton')

Super-classes Framework^c
ConstructionArtifact^c
Structure^c

BuildingMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingMaterial`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc the comments seem to indicate that this category should not be considered as a substance. But in COSMO, the reorganization places this under substances. #$BuildingMaterial is a specialization of #$Artifact-NonAgentive and #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$BuildingMaterial is an artifact of a type typically incorporated in the construction of new structures. Specializations of #$BuildingMaterial include lumber (but not wood), bricks (but not clay), quaried blocks of marble (but not rock in general), slabs of concrete, batches of wet concrete, roof shingles, copper nails, double-paned windows, etc. `Most ''ConstructionObject''s are nade up of ''BuildingMateral''. NOTE: the WN synset is ambiguous between material as stuff (substance) and material as objects. In COSMO that synset labels both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'building material' in WordNet: 1. building material - (material used for constructing buildings)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c Product^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Constructing^c
Sub-classes	Lumber^c Concrete^c Mortar^c FlooringMaterial^c Cement-Structural^c

BuildingSiding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingSiding`
Description	A ''BuildingSiding'' is one piece of ''FlatPlate'' made of some waterproof material, applied to the side of a building. A common subtype is a ''Shingle''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'siding' in WordNet: 2. siding - (material applied to the outside of a building to make it weatherproof)`
Super-classes	FlatPlate^c ConstructionObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Stone^c
Sub-classes	Shingle^c

BuildingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingSomething`
Description	The specialization of 'MakingaPhysicalObject' in which an Artifact is created from more than one part; however, some parts may be created in the process of 'BuildingSomething', as when a foundation is poured in creating a building. Unlike the parent 'MakingaPhysicalObject', this cannot be merely a change of composition, as in baking bread. It is possible for a food object to be the result of a 'BuildingSomething', as when an elaborate cake is assembled from pre-made parts. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'build' in Random House Webster: 1. to construct (esp. something complex) by assembling and joining parts or materials: to build a house. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'build' and sense 2 of 'construct' in WordNet: 1. (123) construct, build, make - (make by combining materials and parts; 'this little pig made his house out of straw'; 'Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer') WN verb 'construct': 2. (5) manufacture, fabricate, construct - (put together out of components or parts; 'the company fabricates plastic chairs'; 'They manufacture small toys')
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Rebuilding^c Assembling^c BuildingaWallAroundSomething^c Constructing^c PavingEvent^c

BuildingSuperintendent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingSuperintendent`
Description	A ''BuildingSuperintendent'' is a ''Custodian''for some Building, often an apartment house, with the duty of keeping the building in good condition and maintaining the functioning especially of heating or air conditioning units. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 (but wider than ApartmentHouse) of 'superintendent' in WordNet: 2. superintendent, super - (a caretaker for an apartment house; represents the owner as janitor and rent collector)`
Super-classes	Caretaker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MaintainingaBuilding^c

BuildingUpAnAccumulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingUpAnAccumulation`
Description	This differs from ''Collecting in that this Action can be performed by a natural process. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buildup' in WordNet: 1. (3) buildup - (the act of building up an accumulation; 'I envied his rapid buildup of assets'; 'a military buildup in preparation for the invasion')`
Super-classes	AccumulatingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Accumulation^c
Sub-classes	Sedimentation^c

BuildingWindow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingWindow`
Description	The opening (usually) in the wall of a building that usually contains a transparent pane of glass or plastic; it may or may not be capable of being opened. `The physical object serving to cover a 'BuildingWindow' is represented as 'Window'. Corresponds to noun senses 7 of 'window' in WordNet: 7. window - (an opening in the wall of a building (usually to admit light and air); 'he stuck his head in the window')`
Super-classes	WindowPortal^c SpaceInAHOC^c PartOfBuilding^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Building^c

BuildingaHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingaHouse`
Description	''BuildingaHouse'' is a subtype of ''Constructing'' in which the thing constructed is a ''House'' - a one-or-two family private house, not an apartment building.
Super-classes	BuildingaSructure^c
Restrictions	produced^op some House^c

BuildingaShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingaShip`
Description	''BuildingaShip'' is a subtype of ''Constructing'' in which the thing constructed is a ''Ship'' - a large boat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shipbuilding' in WordNet: 1. (1) shipbuilding - (the construction of ships)`
Super-classes	Constructing^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Ship^c occursAt^op value Shipyard^c

BuildingaSructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingaSructure`
Description	''BuildingaSructure'' is a subtype of ''Constructing'' in which the thing constructed is a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' - e.g. a residence, an office building, or a factory, or a large monument.
Super-classes	Constructing^c
Restrictions	produced^op some HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Sub-classes	BuildingaHouse^c

BuildingaWallAroundSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuildingaWallAroundSomething

Description

Each 'BuildingaWallAroundSomething' is an ''EncirclingSomething''Action that creates wall completely or almost completely (with openings)

       Corrresponds to verb sense 5 of 'surround' in Wordnet:
         5. wall, palisade, fence, fence in, surround - (surround with a wall in order to fortify)

Super-classes EnclosingAnArea^c
BuildingSomething^c
EncirclingSomething^c

Buildup^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buildup

Description

A ''Buildup'' is an ''Accretion'' that is an increase in some number of some object(s) in a defined Location.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'buildup' in WordNet:
         2. buildup - (the result of the process of accumulation;
           'the buildup of leaves blocked the drain pipes')

Super-classes Accretion^c

BuiltIn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuiltIn

Description

A specialization of the AttributeValue 'Internal', signifying that the entity characterized is attached to some part of a Structure in such a way that it cannot be moved without detaching it, usually with some tools or by loosening a screw.

        Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'built in' (as part of a structure)
           in WordNet:
          1. (2) built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, inherent, integral - 
          (existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; 
          'the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity';
          'a constitutional inability to tell the truth')

Super-classes Internal^c
Immovable^c

Bulb-ThePlantPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bulb-ThePlantPart`
Description	CYC: A collection of parts found in some monocotyledonous plants. Typical elements of #$Bulb-ThePlantPart are found just below the surface of the soil. A plant bulb is NOT a root; rather, it is a very short stem with associated leaf bases that are thick and broad, forming a roundish bulb with many layers of leaf bases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bulb' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bulb - (a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure)`
Super-classes	BulbousObject^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c Stem^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Ellipsoid^c hasAttributeValue^op value Round^c
Sub-classes	Onion-Bulb^c ShallotBulb^c Leek^c

Bulbous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bulbous

Description

The property of a 3-dimensional round object that is (approximately) concave at all points on the surface and is neither elongated nor has large protrusions. This is an approximate shape applicable to physical objects that will not be geometrically precise, but approximately fit the above geometrical description. This is for things like light light bulbs and tulip bulbs and protrusions on otherwise cylindrical objects.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bulbous' in Wordnet:
            1. bulblike, bulbous, bulb-shaped - (shaped like a bulb)

Super-classes Convex^c
Round^c
ThreeDimensional^c

BulbousObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BulbousObject`
Description	A ''BulbousObject'' is a ''BallLikeObject'' that may be spherical or ellipsoidal and may be free-standing or part of a larger object. This can be used as a reference for things of bulbous shape, such as a ''LightBulbIncandescent'' or a ''Bulb-ThePlantPart'' (such as a tulip bulb). `NOTE: Wn does not seem to have a sense of 'bulb' that is generic, but the sense 3 is close but narrower than the intended meaning of this type. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'bulb' in WordNet: 3. (2) bulb - (a rounded part of a cylindrical instrument (usually at one end); 'the bulb of a syringe')`
Super-classes	ConvexTangibleObject^c BallLikeObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Bulbous^c
Sub-classes	Bulb-ThePlantPart^c LightBulbIncandescent^c

BulbousPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BulbousPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bulbous plant' in WordNet: 1. bulbous plant - (plant growing from a bulb)`
Super-classes	VascularPlant^c
Sub-classes	TulipPlant^c Narcissus^c

Bulky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bulky

Description

''Bulky'' is a subAttribute of ''Large'' for ''PhysicalObject''s suggesting that the size of the object characterized presents some difficulty in handling or using because of its large size, at least in comparison with other Objects of the same general category. This term is used commonly for items that are difficult to carry or to fit into some space where it will be used.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bulky' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) bulky - (of large size for its weight)

Super-classes Large^c

Bull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bull`
Description	A male of the domestic cattle family. Bull elephants and other bulls are categorized separately. See 'Bull-MaleHerdAnimal' `SUMO: A Cow that is Male. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bull' in WordNet: 1. (2) bull - (uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle)`
Super-classes	Bull-MaleHerdAnimal^c Bovine^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uncastrated^c
Sub-classes	Bullock^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bull19470829

Bull-MaleHerdAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bull-MaleHerdAnimal`
Description	CYC: The collection of male herd animals that can be referred to as #$Bulls, such as #$Elephants, #$Buffalo, etc. The contrast term is #$Cow - thus, a bull X usually implies the existence of cow X (e.g., there are #$Bull #$Elephants and #$Cow #$Elephants). See also #$Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'bull' in WordNet: 11. bull - (mature male of various mammals of which the female is called `cow'; e.g. whales or elephants or especially cattle)
Super-classes	HerdAnimal^c MaleAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Ox^c Bull^c

Bulldog^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bulldog

Description

A subtype of ''Dog''.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bulldog' in WordNet:
       1. bulldog, English bulldog - 
         (a sturdy thickset short-haired breed with a large head 
           and strong undershot lower jaw; developed originally
           in England for bull baiting)

Super-classes Dog^c

Bulldozer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bulldozer`
Description	CYC: The collection of vehicles generally used to move large amounts of earth and other materials for construction projects. `Has a strong thick blade in front that allows the Bulldozer to move large quantities of soil. @ToDo: need to create a subtype of ''Blade'' for this. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bulldozer' in WordNet: 1. bulldozer, dozer - (large powerful tractor; a large blade in front flattens areas of ground)`
Super-classes	TrackedVehicle^c SinglePurposeDevice^c EarthMovingVehicle^c HumanSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Excavating^c hasComponentPart^op value Blade^c canBeUsedInAction^op value DiggingaTrench^c

Bullet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bullet

Description

CYC 'ProjectileSlug-Bullet': Every #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet is contained (#$in-Snugly) within some #$ProjectileCasing until fired inside of a gun. Once fired, a detonated explosive within the #$ProjectileCasing causes the #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet to be ejected from the #$ProjectileCasing at high velocity. The word 'bullet' is ambiguous. It sometimes refers to the entire bullet and shell-casing assembly and other times refers to #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet. This sense is for the slug that comes out of the Gun.

        For the entire assembly ('cartridge') use 'BulletAssembly'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullet' and sense 1 of 'slug'  in WordNet:
          1. (35) bullet, slug - (a projectile that is fired from a gun)

Super-classes ProjectileWeapon-Fired^c
PartOfanArtifact^c

BulletAssembly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BulletAssembly`
Description	A complete bullet before it is fired - shell, powder, casing, slug, primer. For the slug part only use 'Bullet'. COSMO note: in SUMO a 'bullet' is defined as a type of Projectile: 'A Projectile that is designed to be fired by a 'Gun'.' The Cyc and COSMO usage makes clear the distinction between the full assembly and the slug that is propelled; also, 'Gun' in Cyc and COSMO is more general than 'Firearm', including big guns. There appears to be no Wordnet sense of 'bullet' that specifically mentions a bullet assemblyl the word 'cartridge' seems to serve that sense. See 'Bullet' for the WordNet sense of 'bullet' (the projectile part). in WordNet: WN 'cartridge': 1. (7) cartridge - (ammunition consisting of a cylindrical casing containing an explosive charge and a bullet; fired from a rifle or handgun)
Super-classes	ProjectileShellAssembly^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Bullet^c

BulletProofVest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BulletProofVest`
Description	A common term for 'ArmoredVest'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Bulletin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bulletin`
Description	A ''Bulletin'' is a ''NewsReport'' that is short and reports some recent and possibly urgent news.. BUT - 'breaking news' bulletins often deal with trivial and unimportant issues. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bulletin' in WordNet: 1. (2) bulletin - (a brief report (especially an official statement issued for immediate publication or broadcast))`
Super-classes	NewsReport^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

Bullfight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bullfight`
Description	CYC: The collection of sports events in which a bull is ritually exercised, and usually killed, by a matador and assistants known as banderilleros and picadores. (Note this represents the Spanish style of bullfighting.) `The restrictions specify only the 'Matador' and''Bull''; the other participants, if any in the specific case, can be specified by another ''hasParticipant'' restriction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullfight' in WordNet: 1. bullfight, corrida - (a Spanish or Portuguese or Latin American spectacle; a matador baits and (usually) kills a bull in an arena before many spectators)`
Super-classes	MatchSportsEvent^c AnimalSportEvent^c CombatSportsEvent^c DisplayOfSkill^c FieldSportsEvent^c EntertainmentEvent^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some Matador^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Bullfighting^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some MatadorAndBull^c isUndesirableTo^op value Bull^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManoletesLastFight

BullfightAficionado^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BullfightAficionado`
Description	A 'BullfightAficionado'' is a ''FanEnthusiast'' who is enthusiastic about ''Bullfighting''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aficionado' in WordNet: 1. aficionado - (a fan of bull fighting)`
Super-classes	FanEnthusiast^c
Restrictions	isaFanOf^op value Bullfighting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c

Bullfighter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bullfighter`
Description	A''Bullfighter'' is any one of the main contestants of the ''Bull'' in a 'Bullfight''. Wikipedia; A bullfighter is a performer in the art of bullfighting. " Torero " or " toureiro " are the Spanish and Portuguese words for bullfighter and describe all the performers in the sport of bullfighting as practised in Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Peru, France, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and other countries influenced by Portuguese and Spanish culture. The main performer and leader of the entourage in a bullfight, and who finally kills the bull, is addressed as maestro, or with the formal title matador de toros. The other bullfighters in the entourage are called subalternos and their suits are embroidered in silver as opposed to the matador's more-theatrical gold. They include the picadores, rejoneadores, and banderilleros. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullfighter' in WordNet: 1. bullfighter, toreador - (someone who fights bulls)
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op value Bullfight^c isSkilledAt^op value Bullfight^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Bullfight^c
Sub-classes	Matador^c

Bullfighting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bullfighting`
Description	''Bullfighting'' is the ''Sport'' whose execution is a ''Bullfight''. `See ''Bullfight'' for the Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullfighting' in WordNet: 1. bullfighting, tauromachy - (the activity at a bullfight)`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value Bullfight^c

Bullfrog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bullfrog`
Description	One species of Frog. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullfrog' in WordNet: 1. bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana - (largest North American frog; highly aquatic with a deep-pitched voice)`
Super-classes	Frog^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Bullock^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bullock

Description

A castrated ''Bull'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullock' in WordNet:
         2. bullock, steer - (castrated bull)

Super-classes Bull^c

Bullpen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bullpen`
Description	A ''Bullpen'' is an ''OutdoorArtifact'' that is part of a ''BaseballField'', used in the warmup for pitcher exercise, work out. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullpen' in WordNet: 1. bullpen - (a place on a baseball field where relief pitchers can warm up during a game)`
Super-classes	OutdoorArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value PitchingWarmUp^c isLocatedAt^op value BaseballField^c

Bulls-Eye^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bulls-Eye`
Description	A ''Bulls-Eye'' is the centermost region in a flat circular ''ShootingTarget'' that has several concentric circles, of the type used in the target-shooting games such as Archery, Darts, or firearms shooting. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bull's eye' in WordNet: 2. (2) bull's eye, bull - (the center of a target)`
Super-classes	RelativePoint^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ShootingTarget^c

BullsEye^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BullsEye

Description

A ''BullsEye'' is an individual 'GameScore' in target shooting, where the projectile fired (bullet or arrow or dart) lands in the center of a concentric set of rings that serve as the target. This is used also to mean a hit in the center of any kind of target.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bull's-eye' in WordNet:
           1. (13) bull's eye - (in target shooting: a score made 
             by hitting the center of the target; "in repeated sets of five shots
             his numbers of bull's-eyes varied")

Super-classes GameScore^c

Bully^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bully`
Description	A ''Bully'' is ''Wrongdoer'' who intimidates another Person `NOTE: the WN synset does not seem to fit a schoolyard bully - that needs a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bully' in WordNet: 1. (1) bully, tough, hooligan, ruffian, roughneck, rowdy, yob, yobo, yobbo - (a cruel and brutal fellow)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Bullying^c

Bullying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bullying`
Description	This ''Bullying'' is ''IntimidatingaPerson'' performed one-on-one in person by a 'bully'. The term is used in a metaphorical sense for more public actions that might better be referred to as 'attempted intimidation'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bully' in WordNet: 1. strong-arm, bully, browbeat, bullyrag, ballyrag, boss around, hector, push around - (be bossy towards; 'Her big brother always bullied her when she was young')`
Super-classes	IntimidatingaPerson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Bully^c

Bumble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bumble`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bumblebee' in WordNet: 1. (13) bumblebee, humblebee - (robust hairy social bee of temperate regions)`
Super-classes	Bee^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hairy^c

Bumper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bumper`
Description	A ''Bumper'' is located at the front end and another at the back end of a RoadVehicle. It is designed to protect a vehicle from damage due to collision. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bumper' in WordNet: 2. bumper - (a mechanical device consisting of bars at either end of a vehicle to absorb shock and prevent serious damage)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c VehiclePart^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c ProtectiveObject^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value IncurringPhysicalDamage^c isAtTheEndOf^op value RoadVehicle^c

Bumpy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bumpy

Description

'Bumpy'' characterized SolidObjects that have surfaces that are relatively free of protrusions or indentations, at a level relative to the size of the object. An indentation that does ot make a Road ''Bumpy'' canmake a small object look and feel very bumpy.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bumpy' in WordNet:
          2. bumpy - (covered with or full of bumps; 'a bumpy country road')

Super-classes SurfaceAttributeValue^c
Rough^c

Bunch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bunch`
Description	A ''Bunch'' is a Group of three or more PhysicalObjects, fastened together by some tie, including natra connections, as in a''Bunch'' of bananas or grapes, or . `For a 'bunch' that is not connected (such as a 'bunch' of flowers), use the more general ''Cluster''. NOTE that a 'luster' of animals is not a subtype and the animals are not connected together. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'bunch' in RHW: 1. a connected group; cluster: a bunch of grapes. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bunch' in WordNet: 1. (6) bunch, clump, cluster, clustering - (a grouping of a number of similar things; 'a bunch of trees'; 'a cluster of admirers')`
Super-classes	Cluster^c
Sub-classes	Bundle^c Bale^c

Bundle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bundle`
Description	A ''Bundle'' is a ''Bunch'' that is part of an ArtifactObject, connected tightly together in some way for a purpose. This is a broad type. This is broader than WN sense 2 of 'bundle' in that the purpose of creating the 'bundle' is anything, and does not have to be carrying. It could be decoration. The Objects in the ''Bundle' should be touching each other in some way. `For ''Bundle''s that have been tightly compacted use subtype ''Sheaf''. RW: 1.several objects or a quantity of material gathered or bound together: a bundle of hay. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bundle' in WordNet: 2. (4) bundle, sheaf - (a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing)`
Super-classes	Bunch^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Sheaf^c

BunglingaTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BunglingaTask`
Description	''BunglingaTask'' is a ''Failing'' at a task that should have been successful, and doing it in such a way as to meke performing the task more difficult than it was before the attempt and failure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bungle' in WordNet: 1. botch, bodge, bumble, fumble, botch up, muff, blow, flub, screw up, ball up, spoil, muck up, bungle, fluff, bollix, bollix up, bollocks, bollocks up, bobble, mishandle, louse up, foul up, mess up, fuck up - (make a mess of, destroy or ruin; "I botched the dinner and we had to eat out"; "the pianist screwed up the difficult passage in the second movement") WN noun 'foul up': 1. blunder, blooper, bloomer, bungle, pratfall, foul-up, fuckup, flub, botch, boner, boo-boo - (an embarrassing mistake)
Super-classes	MistakenAction^c Failure^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value IncompetentlyPerformed^c

BunkBed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BunkBed

Description

A ''Bed'' that is composed of more than one sleeping section (having a mattress) that are arranged vertically. Usually two, and upper and lower bunk. This can apply to the whole tier of beds or to only one ('I slept in a bunk bed till I was eight').

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bunk bed' in Wordnet:
         1. bunk bed, bunk - (beds built one above the other)

Super-classes Bed^c

Bunker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bunker`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bunker' in WordNet: 3. bunker, dugout - (a fortification of earth; mostly or entirely below ground)`
Super-classes	UndergroundLocation^c Fortification^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Subterranean^c

Buoy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buoy`
Description	A floating marker used to denote points of interest to boaters on a waterway. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buoy' in WordNet: 1. buoy - (bright-colored; a float attached by rope to the seabed to mark channels in a harbor or underwater hazards)`
Super-classes	LocationMarker^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c Device^c Indicator^c
Restrictions	isOnTopOf^op value BodyOfWater^c performsAction^op value FloatingOnWater^c

Buoyant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buoyant`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'buoyant' in Wordnet: 1. (1) buoyant, floaty - (tending to float on a liquid or rise in air or gas; 'buoyant balloons'; 'buoyant balsawood boats'; 'a floaty scarf')`
Super-classes	Light-NotHeavy^c
Sub-classes	Floatable^c

Burden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burden`
Description	An Object that light enough for a person to carry it, but heavy enough to require significant effort to lift. E.g. a sack of potatoes. Formally, an object that is heavy, but portable. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'load' and sense 2 of 'burden' in WordNet: 1. (9) load, loading, burden - (weight to be borne or conveyed)`
Super-classes	PortableObject^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Heavy^c
Sub-classes	Overburden^c

BurdenOfPunishment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurdenOfPunishment`
Description	A ''BurdenOfPunishment'' is a ''Guiltiness'' that makes a Person susceptible to some form of punishment (retribution) for a ''ViolatingAnObligation'' Action. "obligation" "liability"
Super-classes	Liability^c Guiltiness^c NegativeConsequence^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value ViolatingAnObligation^c

BurdenedWithWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurdenedWithWork`
Description	''BurdenedWithWork'' is an attribute of a ''Person'' who was the object of a ''ChargingSomeoneWithaTask'' Action. `Corresponds approximately (may not be very 'heavy') to adjective sense 1 of 'burdened' in Wordnet: 1. (1) burdened - (bearing a heavy burden of work or difficulties or responsibilities; 'she always felt burdened by the load of paper work')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OverwhelmedWithWork^c

BurdeningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurdeningSomething`
Description	''BurdeningSomething'' is a ''ChargingaHolder'' Action of adding some material (PhysicalObject or substance) to some ''Carrier'' that can support it (not necessarily a container - possibly a Person's arms) while carrying, so that the receiving object becomes weighted down to the point where the weight. strains the limit of carrying capacity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'burden' in Wordnet: 1. burden, burthen, weight, weight down - (weight down with a load)`
Super-classes	ChargingaHolder^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op only (PhysicalObject^c or Carrier^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value WeightedDown^c
Sub-classes	OverloadingaCarrier^c Overburdening^c

Bureaucracy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bureaucracy`
Description	This is for an overly 'bureaucratic' Organization or suborganization. This could refer to a Government department or any part of one. For the sense of 'bureaucracy' that is the Group of nonelective officials in a Government, use ''GovernmentBureaucracy''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bureaucracy' in WordNet: 3. bureaucracy - (any organization in which action is obstructed by insistence on unnecessary procedures and red tape)`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentBureaucracy^c

Bureaucrat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bureaucrat`
Description	A ''Bureaucrat'' is a ''GovernmentEmployee'' who has some authority to make or enforce regulations or government policy. `NOTE: this is for employees in a ''GovernmentBureaucracy''. Although non-government organizations can be refered to as 'breaucratic', the term 'bueraucrat' is most commonly used for government officials. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bureaucrat' in WordNet: 1. bureaucrat, administrative official - (an official of a bureaucracy)`
Super-classes	GovernmentEmployee^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value GovernmentBureaucracy^c

Bureaucratic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bureaucratic

Description

''Bureaucratic'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to ''Bureaucracy'' and the prtotypical attributes and actions of a ''Bureaucracy''. The characteristic of 'breaucratic' behavior is the overly nitpicking or excessively literal-minded application of rules and regulations with little or no concern for the spirit of a law or the justifications for flexible interpretation and application in specific cases.

    This issue arises from the complexity of society and the frequent unpredictable changes in
      factors affecting the intent of legislation, making it a practical impossibility for
      legislators to consider and specify all of the situations that are intended to be
      covered by the rules they enact, thus requiring them to depend on the flexible and
      reasonable interpretation of the rules in specific cases.  ''bureaucratic'' behavior is
      the unwillingness of an official to interpret the laws as the legislators would intend,
      but instead to take an interpretation that is more restrictive and more onerous for
      the persons affected.

      RHW 'bureaucratic': of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a bureaucrat or a bureaucracy;
           arbitrary and routine.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bureaucratic' in Wordnet:
      1. (3) bureaucratic - (of or relating to or resembling a bureaucrat or bureaucracy;
        'his bureaucratic behavior annoyed his colleagues'; 'a bureaucratic nightmare')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Burgeoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burgeoning`
Description	`No sense in WN or RHW for this attribute.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

BurgeoningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurgeoningEvent`
Description	A ''BurgeoningEvent'' is a ''GrowingEvent'' in which the growing occurs more quickly than other Events of similar category, and the thing growing 'thrives' or 'flourishes'. NOTE: needs more examples to determine the nuances of usage. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'burgeon' in WordNet: 1. (3) burgeon - (grow and flourish; 'The burgeoning administration'; 'The burgeoning population')`
Super-classes	ThrivingEvent^c GrowingQuickly^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Burgeoning^c

Burglar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burglar`
Description	A ''Burglar'' is a Thief (any sex) who has surreptitiously entered a place, usually a building, and steals something from it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burglar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) burglar - (a thief who enters a building with intent to steal)`
Super-classes	Thief^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some Burglary^c

Burglary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burglary`
Description	''Burglary'' is a subtype of the more general 'Stealing' in which a person enters a place surreptitiously and steals something from it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burglary' in Wordnet: 1. (2) burglary - (entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable property)`
Super-classes	Stealing^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Burglar^c

Burgundy-Wine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burgundy-Wine

Description

CYC: The collection of all instances of Burgundy wine. This wine is named after a province in France, where it is made.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Burgundy' in WordNet:
           2. Burgundy, Burgundy wine - (red table wine from the Burgundy region of France 
              (or any similar wine made elsewhere))

Super-classes RedWine^c

BurialGarment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurialGarment`
Description	A ''BurialGarment'' is a ''ClothCovering'' that is placed over a 'Corpse'' prior to its burial. This is an technique used where the Corpse is not placed in a ''Coffin'' for burial, but drectly into the ground. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burial garment' in WordNet: 1. burial garment - (cloth used to cover a corpse in preparation for burial)`
Super-classes	ClothCovering^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value IntermentRite^c
Sub-classes	Shroud^c

BurialVault^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurialVault`
Description	A ''BurialVault'' is a ''Sepulcher'' that is built for the purpose of containing a ''Corpse'' with or without a containing coffin. This can be as small as a precast concrete vault placed into a hole in the ground to contain one or two coffins, or as large as a chamber dug into the side of a mountain to hold an Egyptian pharaoh. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burial vault' in WordNet: 1. vault, burial vault - (a burial chamber (usually underground))`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Sepulcher^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Corpse^c

Buried^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buried`
Description	`No general sense fo 'buried' in WN, only the sense of 'interred' in a grave.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced^op value BuryingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Interred^c

Burka^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burka`
Description	A ''Burka'' is a Garment covering the hole body, worn in public by some Muslim women. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burka' in WordNet: 1. burqa, burka - (a loose garment (usually with veiled holes for the eyes) worn by Muslim women especially in India and Pakistan; 'the Taliban forced all women to wear the burqa')`
Super-classes	WomensClothing^c Garment^c Covering-Object^c ReligiousClothing^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value MuslimWoman^c isDesignedToCover^op value MuslimWoman^c

Burning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burning

Description

''Burning'' is the attribute of a ''PhysicalObject'' that is currently on fire.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'burning' in Wordnet:
         4. (1) ablaze, afire, aflame, aflare, alight, blazing, burning, 
            flaming, on fire - (lighted up by or as by fire or flame;
            'forests set ablaze (or afire) by lightning'; 
            'even the car's tires were aflame'; 'a night aflare with fireworks'; 
            'candles alight on the tables'; 'blazing logs in the fireplace';
            'a burning cigarette'; 'a flaming crackling fire'; 'houses on fire')

Super-classes RedHot^c

BurningFuel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurningFuel`
Description	''BurningFuel'' is any Action that uses some form of ''FuelObject'' to burn, woood, oil, gasoline, NaturalGas, or any other (including Hydrogen, which does not release CarbonDioxide). This may be uncontrolled, as in a ''WildFire''.
Super-classes	HeatProductionProcess^c SettingSomethingOnFire^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Combustion^c produces^op value ThermalEnergy^c hadConsumedObject^op value FuelObject^c

BurningIncense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurningIncense`
Description	This specific Action is for any form of 'burning' of incense in some container, in order to produce a pleasant fragrance. `RHW verb 'incense': 5. to perfume with incense. 6. to burn incense for. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'incense' in WordNet: 1. cense, incense, thurify - (perfume especially with a censer)`
Super-classes	SettingSomethingOnFire^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Incense^c produces^op value Incense^c

BurningObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurningObject`
Description	A ''BurningObject''' is a ''CombustibleObject'' that is 'on fire' (i.e. performing ''Fire'') `NOTE that this is for solid objects. A liquid object urrently on fire would be ''Burning'' but not an instane of this type.`
Super-classes	CombustibleObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Burning^c
Sub-classes	LightedCandle^c LightedBirthdayCandle^c BurningSpark^c

BurningOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurningOut`
Description	A ''BurningOut'' is a ''BreakingDown'' caused by malfunction of the electrical component of an ElectricalDevice. `WN does not have 'burnout'. RHW 'burnout': 4. Elect. the breakdown of a lamp, motor, or other electrical device due to the heat created by the current flowing through it Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burn out' in WordNet: 1. blow out, burn out, blow - (melt, break, or become otherwise unusable; 'The lightbulbs blew out'; 'The fuse blew')`
Super-classes	Breakdown^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some ElectricalDevice^c occursAt^op some ElectricCircuit^c

BurningPain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurningPain

Description

A 'BurningPain' is a pain sensation (PainOrAche) that feels as though the body part is being exposed to fire or intense heat.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burn' and sense 2 of 'burning' 
         in WordNet:
       WN noun 'burn':
        1. (1) burn, burning - (pain that feels hot as if it were on fire)

Super-classes PainOrAche^c

BurningSpark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurningSpark`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spark' in WordNet: 6. spark - (a small fragment of a burning substance thrown out by burning material or by friction)`
Super-classes	Fragment^c TinyObject^c BurningObject^c Rod^c

Burnt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burnt

Description

Something which is #$Burnt has not yet been destroyed. However a portion of it has been destroyed in a #$CombustionProcess. Note that this is not a #$genls for #$SkinBurn, because most skin burns do not actually involve combustion. Third-degree burns would be both #$SkinBurn and #$Burnt.

        NOTE: this includes the charred state caused by both intentional (as in cooking) and
        unintentional (as in a wildfire) ''Charring''.

        Includes adjective sense 1 of 'burnt' and sense 1 of 'charred' in WordNet:
            1. (1) burned, burnt - (ruined by overcooking; 
              'she served us underdone bacon and burnt biscuits')
        WN adj 'charred':
          1. charred - (having been burned so as to affect color or taste)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Burping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burping`
Description	The action of expelling gas from the stomach. `NOTE: in WN this is an ''InvoluntaryBodyMovement'' - though it is to some extent controlled, it cannot be performed at any time at will, since it depends on stomach condition. Borderline 'involuntary'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'burp' in WordNet: 1. burp, bubble, belch, eruct - (expel gas from the stomach; 'In China it is polite to burp at the table') WN noun 'burp': 1. belch, belching, burp, burping, eructation - (a reflex that expels wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth)`
Super-classes	InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c BodyMovementEvent^c EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value StomachGas^c hasEndingPlace^op value AmbientAirObject^c hasStartingPlace^op value Stomach^c

Burr^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burr`
Description	The prickly outer shell of a seed; some may come off the plant and attach to one's clothing while passing by - very annoying. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burr' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bur, burr - (seed vessel having hooks or prickles)`
Super-classes	FibrousObject^c Shell^c SeedHusk^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c hasComponentPart^op value Prickle^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prickly^c

BurrBit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurrBit`
Description	A ''BurrBit'' is the replaceable 'DrillBit' used in a ''DentistsDrill''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burr' in WordNet: 5. bur, burr - (small bit used in dentistry or surgery)`
Super-classes	DrillBit^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value DentistsDrill^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value DrillingaTooth^c

Burrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burrow`
Description	A ''Burrow'' is a ''HoleInTheGround'' that is made by a 'burrowing animal', for shelter from predators and possibly other purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burrow' in WordNet: 1. (4) burrow, tunnel - (a hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter)`
Super-classes	HoleInTheGround^c AnimalMadeShelter^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value NonHumanAnimal^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value NonHumanAnimal^c isProducedByEventType^op value Burrowing^c

Burrowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burrowing`
Description	A ''Burrowing'' is the Action of creating a ''Burrow'', performed by some 'burrowing animal'. `Corresponds to part of (for literal digging by a ''NonHumanAnimal'') verb sense 1 of 'burrow' in WordNet: 1. (3) burrow, tunnel - (move through by or as by digging; "burrow through the forest")`
Super-classes	AnimalMadeShelter^c HoleInTheGround^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Burrow^c isPerformedBy^op value NonHumanAnimal^c

Bursa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bursa`
Description	This is for a 'bursa' inside a joint. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bursa' in WordNet: 2. bursa - (a small fluid-filled sac located between movable parts of the body especially at joints)`
Super-classes	Sac-Organic^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c containsSubstance^op value InternalBodyFluid^c

Bursary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bursary`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bursary' in WordNet: 1. bursary - (the treasury of a public institution or religious order)`
Super-classes	LiquidAsset^c

Bursitis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bursitis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bursitis' in WordNet: 1. (1) bursitis - (inflammation of a bursa; frequently in the shoulder)`
Super-classes	Inflammation^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Bursa^c

Burst^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burst

Description

A sudden, noticeable, and intense increase in some kind of activity. This corresponds to sense 11 of 'burst' in RHW: 11. a sudden, intense display, as of activity, energy, or effort: The car passed us with a burst of speed.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'burst' in WordNet:
          3. (1) burst, fit - (a sudden flurry of activity (often 
             for no obvious reason); "a burst of applause"; "a fit of housecleaning")

Super-classes Surge^c

Bursting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bursting`
Description	A Bursting is a BreakingEvent in which the containing surface of an object ruptures outward due to excessive internal pressure. The container need not fully surround the object causing the rupture; a dam ruptured by water pressure behind it or a glass burst by freezing water is included in this type; however, this is a subtype of 'Impelling' so at least some part of the objectg that is burst must be forced outward with some velocity to be included in this type. The bursting of a bubble is also included in this type, but should be a subtype. 'The dam burst and the town was flooded.' NORE: @ToDo: Pipes bursting from freezing are not usually impelled, so that kind of rupure should have a separate entry. NOTE that although this sense is more specific than the 'BreakingEvent' in being due to internal pressure and relatively sudden, the more general word 'break' is also sometimes used to indicate this sense 'the bubble broke', 'the dam broke'. So, 'break' is also used here as a label for this specific type of BreakingEvent. Also, 'rupture' may be used: 'the tank ruptured', 'the water pipes froze and ruptured'. NOTE that this type of Event is oftencaused by a 'Explosion', which see. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'burst' in RHW: 1. to break, break open, or fly apart with sudden violence: The bitter cold caused the pipes to burst. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'burst' and part of noun sense 9 of 'break' and part of verb sense 2 of 'break' in WordNet,and part of verb sense 1 of 'rupture' and is a subtype of 'break'. in WordNet: 1. (11) burst, split, break open - (break open or apart suddenly; 'The bubble burst'). WN noun 'break': 9. break - (the occurrence of breaking; 'the break in the dam threatened the valley') WN verb 'rupture': 1. (1) tear, rupture, snap, bust - (separate or cause to separate abruptly; 'The rope snapped'; 'tear the paper')
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c BreakingEvent^c
Sub-classes	StavingIn^c

BurstingApart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurstingApart`
Description	Each ''BurstingApart'is a 'ComingApart' in which the breaking occurs suddenly. `Corresponds to verb sense 8 of 'burst' in WordNet: 8. burst, bust - (break open or apart suddenly and forcefully; 'The dam burst')`
Super-classes	ComingApart^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#suddenly^c
Sub-classes	Shattering^c

BuryingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuryingSomething`
Description	Covering something, typically by digging a hole in the ground, putting the object in the hole, and covering it with the dirt that was dug out. Above-ground burials involve piling something on top of the object to be buried, until it is covered. For the burying of a persons body with some form of ceremony use 'IntermentRite'. `Corresponds most closely to verb sense 3 of 'bury' and includes noun sense 2 of 'burial' in WordNet, but this COSMO sense includes above-ground covering with soil or similar material: in WordNet: 3. (3) bury - (place in the earth and cover with soil; 'They buried the stolen goods') WN noun 'burial': 2. burying, burial - (concealing something under the ground)`
Super-classes	CoveringSomething^c
Sub-classes	IntermentRite^c

Bus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bus`
Description	In Cyc called 'Bus-RoadVehicle'. In SUMO called 'Bus' - subtype of 'SelfPoweredRoadVehicle' SUMO: Bus is the subclass of SelfPoweredRoadVehicles that can transport large numbers of passengers (i.e., dozens) at one time. Cyc:A specialization of #$RoadVehicle. Each instance of #$Bus-RoadVehicle is a ground transportation vehicle designed to carry many passengers (instances of #$Bus-RoadVehicle typically have capacities ranging from 20 to 80 passengers). Instances of #$Bus-RoadVehicle are often used as a means of public transportation (see the constant #$PublicTransportationDevice); instances used for public transportation are usually driven by professional drivers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bus' in WordNet: 1. (2) bus, autobus, coach, charabanc, double-decker, jitney, motorbus, motorcoach, omnibus, passenger vehicle - (a vehicle carrying many passengers; used for public transport; 'he always rode the bus to work')
Super-classes	PublicTransportationDevice^c RoadVehicle^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	SchoolBus^c

BusDriver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusDriver`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bus driver' in WordNet: 1. busman, bus driver - (someone who drives a bus)`
Super-classes	Driver-TransportationProfessional^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value DrivingaBus^c

BusStation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusStation

Description

$BusStation is a specialization of

        #$TransportFacility and #$HumanOccupationConstruct.  Each
        instance of #$BusStation is usually located in some city or
        town and its primary purpose is to be a place where buses
        discharge and receive passengers.

        Part of sense 1 of 'station' in Wordnet:
          1. (23) station - (a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel 
          for a particular purpose; 'he started looking for a gas station'; 
          'the train pulled into the station')

Super-classes TransportFacility^c
HumanOccupationConstruct^c
FixedStructure^c

BusStop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusStop`
Description	An #$PhysicalObjectType. Each instance of #$BusStop is a #$TransportFacility where one #$Bus-RoadVehicle at a time stops to pick up and drop off passengers (usually at predetermined times). Note that each #$BusStation has many #$BusStops as parts. `SUMO: An area, often, though not necessarily with seats or some kind of minimal shelter, where people gather to meet and board a bus. It must border a road. Corresponds sense 1 of 'bus stop' and to part of noun sense 5 of 'stop' in WordNet: 1. (1) bus stop - (a place on a bus route where buses stop to discharge and take on passengers) 5. (1) stop - (a spot where something halts or pauses; 'his next stop is Atlanta')`
Super-classes	OutdoorObject^c StoppingPlace^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some (Street-RoadwayOnly^c or Street^c)

Busbar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Busbar

Description

An electrical component within some electrical device, used to make connections among several input and/or output circuits.

    RHW: a: (= busbar) : a conductor or an assembly of conductors for collecting
         electric currents and distributing them to outgoing feeders 
    b : (bus, computer sense) a set of parallel conductors in a computer system that 
         forms a main transmission path

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'busbar' and sense 3 of 'bus'  in WordNet: 
     3. busbar, bus - (an electrical conductor that makes a common connection
        between several circuits; 'the busbar in this computer can transmit 
        data either way between any two components of the system')

Super-classes ElectricalConnection^c
ManufacturedGoods^c
ElectricalComponent^c

Bush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bush`
Description	A specialization of #$Plant-Woody. Each instance of #$Bush is a woody plant of branching growth habit that lacks a substantial trunk and is not usually taller than an adult person (and is typically re shorter than most specimens of #$Tree-ThePlant). This is a commonsense collection without distinct boundaries. `NOTE: there appears to be no clear distinction between a ''Tree'' and a ''Bush'' other than the low height or the ''Bush''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bush' in WordNet: 1. (5) shrub, bush - (a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches)`
Super-classes	Plant-Woody^c
Sub-classes	Yucca^c Wormwood^c Rhododendron^c Camellia^c Verbena^c LilacPlant^c CapsicumPepperPlant^c Mallow^c Honeysuckle^c LavenderPlant^c CurrantBush^c Hydrangea^c RoseBush^c BlueberryBush^c CranberryBush^c BlackberryBush^c TeaPlant^c LilacBush^c Mistletoe^c Spurge^c CoffeeBush^c

Bushel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bushel`
Description	A ''Bushel'' is a ''UnitOfVolume'' typiclly used to measure quantities of food crops. This type includes the British unit, whih is also used to measure a volume of liquids. `@ToDo: ''isEquivalentTo'' FourPecks. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'bushel' in WordNet: 1. (3) bushel - (a United States dry measure equal to 4 pecks or 2152.42 cubic inches) 2. bushel - (a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 4 pecks)`
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Restrictions	isTheQuantityThatWillFillA^op some ContainerType^c

Bushy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bushy

Description

''Bushy'' is an attribute that specifies that some quantity of fibers on a fibrous opbject (mostly used for ''Hair'') - usually referring to hair - is denser and longer than the usual density.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bushy' in WordNet:
        1. (1) bushy, shaggy, shaggy-haired, shaggy-coated - (used of hair; thick and poorly groomed;
           'bushy locks'; 'a shaggy beard')

Super-classes Dense^c

Busily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Busily

Description

''Busily'' is an AdverbialModifier (adverbial form of ''Busy'') that modifies an Event or Agent that the agent of the action is fully occupied.

       RHW: 'in a busy manner; actively.'

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'busily' in WordNet:
          1. (3) busily - (in a busy manner; 'they were busily engaged in buying souvenirs')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Business^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Business`
Description	A Business is any individual, group, or Organization that sells products or provides services for a fee, with the goal of making a profit. For a business that is an ''Organization'' (rather than an individual or small collaborative group with no formal structure) use ''CommercialOrganization''. NOTE: a ''Bsiness'' that is run by a ''NonProfitOrganization'' is itself intended to make a profit to be used by that Oraganization. This may or may not be classified as 'ForProfit'' by the tax code, but is so classified in COSMO. NOTE: A ''Business'' is an ''IntentionalAgent'' which is disjoint with ''Artifact-NonAgentive'', so a 'PlaceOfBusiness'' cannot be in the same hierarchichal line as a ''Busines'. Every business has some customer, or anticipated type of customer. NOTE that this usage differs from CYC, in that a 'Business' is more general than CommercialOrganization, because it can include individuals as well as Organizations. A 'Business' can be large or small,and can be a single worker doing household repair work for hire. It should, however, be sustained long enough to have an expectation of some benefit from word-of-mouth or advertising; a cool-aid stand or hand car wash operated for one day would not be a Business in this sense. A Business can be sold, even if it is operated by a single Person; (the name of the business may be valuable 'goodwill'). Therefore it can be owned, and is a ValuableThing NOTE; a 'Business' in COSMO is not a subtype of Organization, as it can be an unincorporated one-person enterprise. Cyc: A specialization of #$CommercialOrganization (q.v.). Each instance of #$Business is an organization intended to make profits, i.e. to make money for agents who own them. Note that not all #$CommercialOrganizations are #$Businesses. For example, in a franchise #$Organization, while the parent company (see #$parentCompany) is regarded as a business, the sub-organizations are commercial organizations but not businesses. Also, #$Businesses are typically #$LegalAgents, while #$CommercialOrganizations need not be. SUMO: (CommercialAgent) An Agent that provides products and/or services for a fee with the aim of making a profit. #$Business. Corresponds approximately to part of FIBO 'business' (excluding 'economic system', which conflates entities of different types): SKOS def: 'An organization or economic system where goods and services are exchanged for one another or for money. Every business requires some form of investment and enough customers to whom its output can be sold on a consistent basis in order to make a profit. Businesses can be privately owned, not-for-profit or state-owned. An example of a corporate business is PepsiCo, while a mom-and-pop catering business is a private enterprise' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'business' in WordNet: 1. (1268) business, concern, business concern, business organization, business organisation - (a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; 'he bought his brother's business'; 'a small mom-and-pop business'; 'a racially integrated business concern')
Super-classes	Employer^c FunctionalBusinessEntity^c
Sub-classes	ConstructionCompany^c FinancialCompany^c PubliclyHeldCorporation^c MarketMaker^c CommercialOrganization^c FarmBusiness^c
In domain of	manufactured^op hasCustomers^op
In range of	wasManufacturedBy^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShopRiteOfWatchung

BusinessAsAnActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessAsAnActivity`
Description	'BusinessAsAnActivity' is the sum of all 'BusinessOperation's, either in some particular field ('the publishing business') or for all businesses in some area 'business in America' or for all businesses in the whole word;. In linguistic usage, the modfiers will determine the scope of all the business activities intended. For an individual business organization, use 'Business'. 'The business of America is business.' 'BusinessAsAnActivity' will be the intended field of for-profit organizations. Though non-profits my also perform some operations classified as 'CommercialActivity', that will not be thier main purpose. This is the aggregate of all 'CommercialActivity' Events, past, present, and future. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'commercial activity': FIBO scope: 'This is the context which distinguishes "businesses" or commercial organizations from organizations in general, the latter including government, trans-national and non profit organizations. Note that these distinctions are usually made with reference to these kinds of context and are not necessarily reflected in the structure of those organizations.' SKOS def: 'The context of carrying out trade and other comercial i.e. for-profit activities.' Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'business' in WordNet: 2. (291) commercial enterprise, business enterprise, business - (the activity of providing goods and services involving financial and commercial and industrial aspects; 'computers are now widely used in business') 3. (177) business, business sector - (business concerns collectively; 'Government and business could not agree') WN noun sense 1 of 'commerce': 1. (10) commerce, commercialism, mercantilism - (transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services))
Super-classes	BusinessOperation^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some BusinessEvent^c
Sub-classes	TouristBusiness^c

BusinessCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessCard`
Description	A mdern business card. Other types would be different entities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'business card' in WordNet: 1. business card - (a card on which are printed the person's name and business affiliation)`
Super-classes	CallingCard^c
Restrictions	hasInformationContent^op value EMailAddress^c hasInformationContent^op value PositionTitle^c hasInformationContent^op value TelephoneNumber^c hasInformationContent^op value Affiliation^c

BusinessEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence and #$PurposefulAction (qq.v.). Each instance of #$BusinessEvent is a purposeful activity that is closely associated with, and either helps or hinders, the business purpose of some agent. Examples include the development of General Motors' business plan for 2003, an individual sales call on a particular customer, printing the 2003 Yellow Pages directory for the Los Angeles area, selling a newspaper, and designing and manufacturing a new memory chip. Though there is a great deal of overlap between this collection and #$CommercialActivity, they are not the same. Firstly, #$BusinessEvent does not include any purely social or recreational events (whereas a weekend swap-meet, for example, would be an instance of #$CommercialActivity). Secondly, not all activities carried out in pursuit of business interests involve buying or selling (consider head-hunting, for example)
Super-classes	EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	Investing^c Entrepreneurship^c BusinessOperation^c HiringAnAgent^c EmploymentTermination^c VirtualMarket^c CommercialActivity^c Prostitution^c AssessingTheValueOfSomething^c TransactingBusiness^c MarketingActivity^c

BusinessGoodWill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessGoodWill`
Description	A types of acounting 'FinancialAsset' that represents a monetary value of the business advantage of publicity deriving from prior business activity. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'goodwill' in WordNet: 1. good will, goodwill - ((accounting) an intangible asset valued according to the advantage or reputation a business has acquired (over and above its tangible assets))`
Super-classes	FinancialAsset^c GoodWill^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c isOwnedBy^op some Corporation^c

BusinessManagement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessManagement`
Description	Each ''BusinessManagement'' is an ''Administration'' that manages a ''CommercialOrganization'' (a subtype of ''Business''). This type can be used to refer to a single Person in control of a business, but it usually refers to a group of people that manages a large Corporation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'management' in WordNet: 2. (8) management - (those in charge of running a business)`
Super-classes	Administration^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op some CommercialOrganization^c performsAction^op value ManagementEvent^c

BusinessManagementEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessManagementEvent`
Description
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c ManagementEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op value CommercialOrganization^c isPerformedBy^op value BusinessManagement^c
Sub-classes	Lockout^c

BusinessOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessOperation`
Description	A 'BusinessOperation' is a large-scale business (profit-making) activity engaged in by more than a few people and extending over more than a few days. The scale alone distinguishes this sense from 'Operation', which can involve a small number of people, and a 'BusinessEvent' which can be any activity involving business. A ''BusinessOperation'' is an ''OrganizationAction'' in which some ''CommercialOrganization'' performs its usual activities; also refered to as 'doing business' 'conducting business' or 'operating a business'. This can be for the actions of the business generally, or for some specific subtype of activity performed by a business, including one single Action or a series of Actions with the ''Organization'' as the nominal Agent. An Action of one Person performing an Action as part of a business operation would be a 'subevent' of this type. One subevent: 'running the business' performed by a manager: 4. running - (the act of administering or being in charge of something; 'he has responsibility for the running of two companies at the same time') Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'operation' in WordNet: 1. (439) operation - (a business especially one run on a large scale; 'a large-scale farming operation'; 'a multinational operation'; 'they paid taxes on every stage of the operation'; 'they had to consolidate their operations')
Super-classes	PerformingSomeAction^c PlannedAction^c BusinessEvent^c OrganizationAction^c Operation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large-scale^c isPerformedBy^op some CommercialOrganization^c
Sub-classes	BusinessAsAnActivity^c

BusinessPartner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessPartner

Description

A 'BusinessPartner' is a Person who is a member of a formal business 'partnerhip'. members of a Partnership do not necessarily know all of the members of the Partnership, therefore they are not necessarily acquaintances (though they usually are). The term 'Partner' in COSMO is reserved for those who work in close collaboration and know each other. A businessPartner may or may not be a Partner in that sense with other members of the Partnership.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'partner' in WordNet:
         3. (1) partner - (a person who is a member of a partnership)

Super-classes ReciprocalRole^c
Associate^c

BusinessPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessPerson`
Description	A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$BusinessPerson is someone whose occupation primarily consists in the ownership or operation of a #$Business. SUMO: Any of a class of people in a professional occupation such as banking, finance, management, or engineering. This is distinguished from blue collar jobs that primarily involve manual labor rather than thought as the effort expended to derive remuneration. It is also distinguished from professions that may be outwardly similar but are done in a non-profit organization. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'businessman' and sense 1 of 'businessperson' in WordNet: WN 'businessman' 1. (10) businessman, man of affairs - (a person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive)) WN 'businessperson': 1. businessperson, bourgeois - - (a capitalist who engages in industrial commercial enterprise)
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c
Sub-classes	Merchant^c Banker^c Appraiser^c ChiefExecutiveOfficer^c Entrepreneur^c SalesPerson^c President-CorporateOfficer^c Supplier^c ProfessionalBroker^c Oilman^c Mogul^c VicePresident-CorporateOfficer^c

BusinessSubsidiary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessSubsidiary`
Description	A ''BusinessSubsidiary'' is a ''CommercialOrganization'' that is mostly or wholly owned by a parent ''CommercialOrganization''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'subsidiary' in WordNet: 2. subsidiary company, subsidiary - (a company that is completely controlled by another company)`
Super-classes	CommercialOrganization^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some CommercialOrganization^c

BusinessVenture^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BusinessVenture

Description

A ''BusinessVenture'' is a commercial for-profit ''Venture'', which is often a 'startup' company. Performed by an Organization.

        NOTE: It may be self-funded but in that case the funding is similar to a
          loan to the ''Organization''' which can be recovered  or at least taken
          as a tax loss.  There is therefore a ''Funder'', as well as the person
          performing the organizing work.  These may count as two  agents.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'venture' in WordNet:
           3. (1) venture - (a commercial undertaking that risks a loss but promises a profit)

Super-classes CommercialActivity^c
Venture^c

Bust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bust`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bust' in WordNet: 3. bust - (a sculpture of the head and shoulders of a person)`
Super-classes	Sculpture^c CarvedArtwork^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ice^c

Bustling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bustling

Description

''Bustling'' is an attribute of Places (''OutdoorArea''s) that have a ''CrowdOfPeople'' who are moving about in a busy energetic manner.. This can be applied to entire cities or to local parts of a settlement, or to some indoor locaations where a number of people may be working together. a 'bustling downtown district'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bustling' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) bustling - (full of energetic and noisy activity; 'a bustling city')

Super-classes Crowded^c

Busy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Busy`
Description	Busy is an attribute of people (sometimes animals) who are Awake, Active, and fully occupied doing something; if one is polite, one hesitates to interrupt someone who is Busy unless the need is urgent. adv 'busily' NOTE: the 'phone line is busy' sense of 'Busy' is represented by 'InUse'. This merges senses 1 and 2 of 'busy' from Random House Webster: 1' actively and attentively engaged in work or a pastime: busy with her work. 2. not at leisure; otherwise engaged: He couldn't see any visitors because he was busy. Includes to adjective sense 1 of 'busy' and sense 4 in WordNet: 1. (30) busy - (actively or fully engaged or occupied; 'busy with her work'; 'a busy man'; 'too busy to eat lunch'; 'the line is busy') WN adj 'occupied': 4. engaged, occupied - (having ones attention or mind or energy engaged; 'she keeps herself fully occupied with volunteer activities'; 'deeply engaged in conversation')
Super-classes	AwakeAndActive^c
Sub-classes	AbsorbedIn^c Hectic^c

Butane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butane

Description

C4H10. An alkane with 4 carbon atoms.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butane' in WordNet:
        1. butane - (occurs in natural gas; used in the manufacture of rubber and fuels)

Super-classes Alkane^c

ButanoicAcid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ButanoicAcid`
Description	CYC: The collection of samples of butanoic acid; HC4H7O2. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butanoic acid' in WordNet: 1. butyric acid, butanoic acid - (an unpleasant smelling fatty acid found especially in butter)`
Super-classes	OrganicAcid^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value Butter^c

Butanol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butanol`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butanol' in WordNet: 1. butyl alcohol, butanol - (a flammable alcohol derived from butanes and used for solvents)`
Super-classes	Alcohol^c

Butcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butcher`
Description	A person who cuts and prepares meat. In WordNet a 'butcher' is classed as a 'retailer' but this type includes people who are employed as a butcher in some organization, and do not necessarily have their own retail butcher shop. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butcher' in Wordnet: 1. butcher, meatman - (a retailer of meat)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c Professional-Adult^c Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Butchering^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op some Meat^c isEmployedBy^op value ButcherShop^c

ButcherShop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ButcherShop`
Description	A local (at one site) organization that performs as its main function selling and cutting up meat for customers in exchange for money. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butcher shop' in WordNet: 1. butcher shop, meat market - (a shop in which meat and poultry (and sometimes fish) are sold)`
Super-classes	Shop^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Butchering^c hasEmployee^op value Butcher^c sells^op value Meat^c

Butchering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butchering`
Description	CYC: The collection of butchering events - events in which an animal or animal part (by default, dead and uncooked or uncured or unsmoked or unsalted, etc.) is cut up into pieces. `NOTE: in WN the verb 'butcher' has only one meaning - to kill. That is not necessarily part of the function of a ''Butcher', and it is not included in this type. for WN verb 'butcher' see ''SlaughteringAnimals'' in WordNet: 1. (1) butcher, slaughter - (kill (animals) usually for food consumption; "They slaughtered their only goat to survive the winter") WN noun sense 1 of 'butchering' in WordNet: 1. butchery, butchering - (the business of a butcher)`
Super-classes	CuttingInPieces^c PreparingFoodItem^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value CuttingMeat^c hadObjectHandled^op value MeatObject^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Butcher^c

Butler^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butler

Description

A male domestic servant who is usually the chief male servant of a family, with charge of serving the food (even if assisted by Maids), and often with other tasks.

    SUMO: Any ServicePosition where various needs of a person 
      or family are served over a long period of time.  Note that these Positions 
      are, by definition, filled only by Women.

      Corresponds to sense 1 of 'butler' in RHW:
        the chief male servant of a household, usually in charge of serving food,
        the care of silverware, etc.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butler' in WordNet:
         1. (1) butler, pantryman - - (a manservant (usually the head servant of a household)
            who has charge of wines and the table)

Super-classes Manservant^c

Butt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butt`
Description	A ''Butt'' is the end part of 'HandleStock' on a Rifle. This is narrower than the WN sense. When needed, a sister node can be created for other types of 'butt end'. `'put the butt firmly into the nook of your shoulder if you don't want to get a black eye from the recoil' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butt' in WordNet: 1. (2) butt, butt end - (thick end of the handle)`
Super-classes	Handle^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value RifleStock^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value RifleStock^c

Butte^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butte`
Description	CYC: A small, isolated, usually flat-topped hill with steep sides. RHW: an isolated hill or mountain rising abruptly above the surrounding land. NOTE: CYC has a ''Mesa'' categorized as a 'Hill' whereas WN has a ''Butte'' categorized asa flat-topped 'hill'. Perhaps if a ''Mesa'' is small enough to be tought of as a ''Hill'' it would be a ''"Butte''?? What is the minimum width for a ''Mesa'' and the maximum width for a ''Butte''??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butte' in WordNet: 1. butte - (a hill that rises abruptly from the surrounding region; has a flat top and sloping sides)
Super-classes	Hill^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Steep-sided^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-topped^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Isolated^c

Butter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butter`
Description	Real Butter, the substance made from milk. `The 'made from milk' restriction is inherited from 'DairyProduct'. SUMO: An emulsion of fat which is produced by churning Milk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butter' in WordNet: 1. (4) butter - (an edible emulsion of fat globules made by churning milk or cream; for cooking and table use)`
Super-classes	Paste^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c EdibleFat^c DairyProduct^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spreadable^c

ButterCookie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ButterCookie`
Description	A ''ButterCookie'' - an object, not a substance. Has more than the typical amont of ''Butter'' in it for a ''Cookie''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butter cookie' in WordNet: 1. butter cookie - (cookie containing much butter)`
Super-classes	Cookie^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Butter^c
Sub-classes	Shortbread^c

Butterfat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butterfat

Description

The fat in Milk.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butterfat' in WordNet:
          1. (2) butterfat - (the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made)

Super-classes FattySubstance^c

Butterfly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Butterfly`
Description	Insect type that includes all life stages of a butterfly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butterfly' in WordNet: 1. butterfly - - (diurnal insect typically having a slender body with knobbed antennae and broad colorful wings)`
Super-classes	Lepidopteran^c
Sub-classes	MonarchButterfly^c

Buttermilk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buttermilk`
Description	A cultured milk made by adding bacteria to sweet milk. (Originally, the liquid left after butter was made from milk.). `RHW 'buttermilk': 1. the more or less acidulous liquid remaining after butter has been separated from milk or cream. 2. a similar liquid made from whole or skim milk with the addition of a bacterial culture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buttermilk' in WordNet: 1. buttermilk - (residue from making butter from sour raw milk; or pasteurized milk curdled by adding a culture)`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c NonAlcoholicBeverage^c DairyProduct^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Milk^c

Buttocks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buttocks`
Description	The rear fleshey part of the HumanHip, having two 'cheeks'. The part of the body that a perspon 'sits' on. CYC: An instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType and a specialization of #$ExternalAnatomicalPart. Each instance of #$Buttocks is a fleshy, bisected protuberance located just below the lower back of an animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buttocks' in WordNet: 1. (1) buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum, buns, can, fundament, hindquarters, hind end, keister, posterior, prat, rear, rear end, rump, stern, seat, tail, tail end, tooshie, tush, bottom, behind, derriere, fanny, ass - (the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on; 'he deserves a good kick in the butt'; 'are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?')
Super-classes	Hip^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value HumanHip^c

Button^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Button`
Description	Buttons on cloth or leather which have corresponding holes. They are usually round, but not always, so that is not a necessary property. Can be of plastic, bone, ivory, or any rigid solid material. `For buttons that activate devices use ''ControlButton''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'button' in WordNet: 1. (8) button - (a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Fastener^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Garment^c isUsedInAction^op value Buttoning^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c

ButtonHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ButtonHole`
Description	A ''ButtonHole'' is a small ''Slit'' in some ''FabricObject'' that is designed and located to function together with a ''Button'' that is inserted into it in an act of ''Buttoning'', and to hold that button, which serves as a ''Fastener'' for two pieces of fabric.. `It 'holds' the button even though the ''Button''is not within the ''ButtonHole" (the thread is) when it is holding the button. But it retains the button and prevents it from moving away from the ''Buttonole''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buttonhole' in WordNet: 1. buttonhole, button hole - (a hole through which buttons are pushed)`
Super-classes	Slit^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some FabricObject^c isDesignedToHold^op value Button^c isUsedInAction^op value Buttoning^c

Buttoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buttoning`
Description	''Buttoning'' is a ''Fastening'' Action in which some Agent uses one or more ''ButtonTheFastener''s to connect two pieces of fabric (or two parts of one piece of fabric) by inserting the button into a corresponding small slit (''Buttonhole'') in the second piece.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'button' in WordNet: 2. button - (fasten with buttons; 'button the dress')`
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Button^c hasObjectMoved^op value Button^c hadThingAffected^op some FabricObject^c occursAt^op value ButtonHole^c

ButtoningUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ButtoningUp`
Description	''ButtoningUp'' is a ''Buttoning'' Action in which some Agent uses at least two ''ButtonTheFastener''s in a row (a ''RowOfButtons'') to connect two pieces of fabric (or two parts of one piece of fabric) by inserting the buttons into a corresponding small slit (''Buttonhole'') in the second piece.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'button' in WordNet: 2. button - (fasten with buttons; 'button the dress')`
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value RowOfButtons^c hasObjectMoved^op min 2 requiredInstrument^op value Button^c hadThingAffected^op some FabricObject^c occursAt^op value ButtonHole^c

Buyer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buyer`
Description	A ''Buyer'' is an agent that buys something - goods or services - from another agent, whether an individual or a Business. This type includes individuals, groups, organizations - any IntelligentAgent. One who buys from a business is usually classified as the subtype ''Customer''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buyer' in Wordnet: 1. (1) buyer, purchaser, emptor, vendee - (a person who buys)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c Role^c LegalAgent^c
Restrictions	hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op some (AgentType^c or Vendor^c) performsAction^op some Buying^c
Sub-classes	Customer^c

Buying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buying`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO both 'Buying' and 'Selling' are represented as separate Events, though they are different views of the same Event. This allows one to specify the Buyer as the Agent on a Buying and the seller as an Agent in the selling, not requiring multiple arity relations. Buying can be a purchase of goods or services. Cyc: A specialization of #$ExchangeOfUserRights and #$BuyingActivity. Each instance of #$Buying is an event in which an agent (the #$buyer) voluntarily pays (or agrees to pay later) for goods or services provided by another agent (the #$seller). A buying event might include subevents of negotiating, paying, and the transferring of the purchased thing to the buyer. Examples of #$Buying include: purchasing fighter jets for the Navy; buying a Pepsi from a vending machine; ordering dinner at a restaurant; acquiring a life insurance policy for oneself; mail-ordering clothes from Sears; shopping at a farmers' market. #$Buying is not a specialization of #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights, since there need not be any money exchanged in the actual #$Buying event; consider, e.g., a #$CreditSale. COSMO note: for buying events in which cash passes hands, see 'CashBuying'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'buy' and verb sense 1 of 'purchase' and noun sense 1 of 'purchase' in WordNet: 1. (594) buy, purchase - (obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction; 'The family purchased a new car'; 'The conglomerate acquired a new company'; 'She buys for the big department store') WN noun 'purchase': 1. (8) purchase - (the acquisition of something for payment; 'they closed the purchase with a handshake')
Super-classes	Transaction^c BuyingRelatedActivity^c Obtaining^c
Restrictions	resultsInAcquisitionOf^op some Purchase^c hasReciprocalEvent^op some Selling^c hadObjectPaid^op some ValuableThing^c causes^op some Selling^c
Sub-classes	CashBuying^c Investing^c BuyingRealEstate^c RetailPurchase^c

BuyingRealEstate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuyingRealEstate`
Description	''BuyingRealEstate'' is a subtype of 'Buying' where the thing bought is ''RealEstate'', whether developed (having structures) or undeveloped land.
Super-classes	MoneyTransaction^c Buying^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPaid^op some MoneyObject^c resultsInAcquisitionOf^op some RealEstate^c

BuyingRelatedActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuyingRelatedActivity`
Description	In Cyc 'BuyingActivity' - potentially misleading. Cyc: A specialization of #$SelectingSomething and #$CommercialActivity. #$BuyingActivity is a collection of events that are very generally related to purchasing goods or services. Each instance of #$BuyingActivity is an event that is either (i) a common prelude to buying (i.e., the kinds of activities that contribute to their doers becoming buyers), or (ii) an instance of #$Buying itself. Examples of #$BuyingActivity include shopping for, or ordering, something very specific, and also general expressions of interest in purchasing something, such as placing an 'Item Wanted' ad in a newspaper.
Super-classes	CommercialActivity^c
Sub-classes	SaleEvent^c Selling^c Buying^c SellingaService^c Shopping^c

Buyout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buyout`
Description	A ''Buyout'' 'Obtaining' is an Action in which an Agent acquires and owns some tangible property or a valuable ''Right''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buyout' in WordNet: 1. buyout - (acquisition of a company by purchasing a controlling percentage of its stock)`
Super-classes	AcquisitionOfProperty^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ControllingaCorporation^c resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value ControllingInterest^c hadObjectObtained^op some (Property^c or Right^c or ObjectType^c)

Buzzer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buzzer`
Description	This ''Buzzer'' is the Device that produces a ''BuzzingSound''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'buzzer' in WordNet: 2. buzzer - (a signaling device that makes a buzzing sound)`
Super-classes	SignalingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Buzzing^c performsAction^op value Buzzing^c isDesignedToProduce^op value BuzzingSound^c

Buzzing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Buzzing`
Description	''Buzzing'' represents the Action of making a sound like a 'buzz'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'buzz' in WordNet: 1. (4) buzz, bombinate, bombilate - (make a buzzing sound; 'bees were buzzing around the hive')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BuzzingSound^c

BuzzingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuzzingSound`
Description	A ''BuzzingSound'' is a sound like that of a large ''Bee' flying nearby, but can be much louder. This is also the sound of a 'buzzer' device used as a signal. It also is a sound that may be made by any of a number of devices, when working properly or malfunctioning. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buzz' in WordNet: 1. (1) buzz, bombilation, bombination - (sound of rapid vibration; 'the buzz of a bumble bee')`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value RustlingAction^c

By-adv^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#By-adv

Description

''By'' is an adverb typically modifying a past tense verb of motion to indicate that the agent of the motion went past the point modfied by the 'by'.

       For the preposition 'by' see ''by''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'by' in Wordnet:
             1. (2) by, past - (so as to pass a given point; 'every hour a train goes past')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

ByProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ByProduct`
Description	`NOTE: the term 'side product' is commonly used to refer to a chemical substance produced in the course of a reaction that produces a desired substance. A'side-product' is not necesarily undesirable, and may have its own utility. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'by-product' in WordNet: 2. (2) by-product, byproduct, spin-off - (a product made during the manufacture of something else)`
Super-classes	ProductObject^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op value Exporting^c

Bye^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bye`
Description	The utterance of the interjection ''Bye'', a shortened form of 'good bye', wishing another person well as they part..
Super-classes	Interjection^c

Byplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Byplay`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'byplay' in WordNet: 1. business, stage business, byplay - (incidental activity performed by an actor for dramatic effect; 'his business with the cane was hilarious')`
Super-classes	DramaticActing^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value DramaticActing^c

Bystander^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bystander`
Description	A ''Bystander'' is a ''Person'' who is/was present at the scene of some Action (the ''SiteOfAnEvent'') but was not participating in that Action. `NOTE: WN has a 'bystander' as a subtype of ''Onlooker'' but a bystander does not have to be observing some Event, merely present at that location. A ''Bystander'' may or may not be observing some Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bystander' in WordNet: 1. bystander - (a nonparticipant spectator)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	doesNotPerformAction^op value Participation^c performsAction^op value BeingPresent^c isLocatedAt^op value SceneOfEvent^c

Byte^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Byte

Description

One Byte of information. A Byte is eight Bits.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'byte' in WordNet:
     1. byte - (a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data)
       processed as a single unit of information)

Super-classes BinaryInformationMeasure^c

Byzantine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Byzantine`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'Byzantine' in Wordnet: 2. Byzantine - (of or relating to or characteristic of the Byzantine Empire or the ancient city of Byzantium)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

C-Clamp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#C-Clamp

Description

A ''C-Clamp'' is a metallic ''Clamp'' with the main body in the shape of a 'C' and having a screwed rod inserted in one end of the 'C', allowing the rod to hold onto an object between the ends of the 'C', or to hold two objects together between the ends of the 'C' when the screw is tightened.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'C-clamp' in WordNet:
           1. C-clamp - (a clamp in the shape of the letter C)

Super-classes MechanicalDevice^c
Clamp^c

CD-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CD-Physical`
Description	An instance of a Compact Disk, the physical object, not the informational content. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compact disk' in WordNet: 1. compact disk, compact disc, CD - (a digitally encoded recording on an optical disk that is smaller than a phonograph record; played back by a laser)`
Super-classes	OpticalDisk^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BackupDisk001

CGSUnitOfMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CGSUnitOfMeasure`
Description	A specialization of #$InternationalUnitOfMeasure and an instance of #$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem-Coherent. Each instance of #$CGSUnitOfMeasure is a #$UnitOfMeasure which is part of the (obsolete) CGS system of measurement. As its name suggests, CGS has three base units (see #$CGSUnitOfMeasure-Base): (#$Centi #$Meter), #$Gram, and #$SecondsDuration. Derived units are those that can be defined algebraically from the base units or obtained by adding a #$MetricUnitPrefix to a CGS #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix. Some instances of #$CGSUnitOfMeasure are #$CentimetersPerSecond, #$Barye-UnitOfPressure, and #$Poise-UOM. Some non-instances are #$Kilometer, #$MetersPerSecond, and #$Pascal-UnitOfPressure.
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c

COSMOaxiom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#COSMOaxiom`
Description	A ''COSMOaxiom'' is an ''Axiom'' that is a ''LinguisticAssertion'' in the IF-THEN format that uses only logical functions (FORALL, THEREEXISTS, AND, OR,NOT) to assert an axiom in some theory (not to query the ontology). The theory can be this foundation ontology (COSMO) itself. `This type allows full FOL assertions to be represented, although they will not be interpreted as FOL with any of the reasoners used in OWL. This provides a place to put FOL assertions for later conversion when an FOL version of the ontology is created.`
Super-classes	Axiom^c
Restrictions	holdsInContext^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#COSMO^c

COVID-19_Infection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#COVID-19_Infection`
Description	''COVID-19_Infection'' is a respiratory viral infection, similar to but more lethal than ''Influenza'', caused by infection with the ''CoronaVirusCOVID-19'' virus. It was first observed in the city of Wuhan, in China, in late 2019, and spread around the world in 2020. It has some similarities to ''Infuenza'' (which is not a CoronaVirus), but is apparently more easily transmitted through the air and more lethal than the Influenza virus, nd can cause lasting debilitation in some patients who survive. As of September 13, 2020, over 195,000 people in the United States died of the virus, and about 1,000 per day continue to die. Wikipedia: 2019 novel coronavirus Also known as: SARS-CoV-2, nCov, 2019 Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 is a new illness that can affect your lungs and airways. It's caused by a virus called coronavirus. Symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19) are a cough, a high temperature and shortness of breath. Simple measures like washing your hands often with soap and water can help stop viruses like coronavirus (COVID-19) spreading. There is no specific treatment for coronavirus (COVID-19). Treatment aims to relieve the symptoms until you recover. It's not known exactly how coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads from person to person, but similar viruses are spread in cough droplets. Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic ======================================= New Jersey cases Updated Mar 28 at 7:57 AM local Confirmed 8,825 +1,949 Deaths 108 +27 United States cases Updated Mar 28 at 7:57 AM local Confirmed 104,671 +21,126 Deaths 1,711 +510 Recovered 2,465 +523 See breakdown by state Global cases Updated Mar 28 at 7:57 AM local Confirmed 597,252 +67,638 Deaths 27,365 +3,651 Recovered 133,363 +11,909 ===============
Super-classes	LifeThreateningCondition^c ViralInfection^c RespiratoryAilment^c ContagiousDisease^c
Restrictions	isCausedByPathogen^op value CoronaVirusCOVID-19^c

Cabal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cabal`
Description	A ''Cabal'' is an ''Clique'' that aims to get or retain ''ControllingAuthority'' (''SocialPower'') by undemoratic means, often by keeping their activities and connections secret (until their goal of power is achieved) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cabal' in WordNet: 1. cabal, faction, junto, camarilla - (a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue)`
Super-classes	Clique^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Secretive^c desires^op value ControllingAuthority^c

Cabbage-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cabbage-Foodstuff`
Description	Cabbage in any of its edible forms, whether raw or cooked, shredded or grated. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cabbage' in WordNet: 1. (1) cabbage, chou - (any of various types of cabbage)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c CommodityProduct^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Sauerkraut^c isDerivedFrom^op value CabbagePlant^c

CabbagePlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CabbagePlant`
Description	Cabbage: a vegetable shaped like a round head of lettuce, eaten either raw in a salad or cooked. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cabbage' in WordNet: 3. cabbage, cultivated cabbage, Brassica oleracea - (any of various cultivars of the genus Brassica oleracea grown for their edible leaves or flowers)
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c DicotSubclass^c CropPlant^c Vegetable-Plant^c

Cabin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cabin`
Description	A small isolated residential building, built mostly of wood and often with only one or two rooms. It is usually in a rural area, but even such a small house on a city lot would be classified as a ''Cabin''. `CYC: A collection of construction artifacts. Each element of #$Cabin is a #$HumanResidence of a rustic nature, usually made primarily of wood. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cabin' in WordNet: 2. (3) cabin - (a small house built of wood; usually in a wooded area)`
Super-classes	House^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Cabinet-StorageConstruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cabinet-StorageConstruction`
Description	Storage compartments that are part of buildings. They can be affixed to the wall at eye-level, or resting on the floor. They have doors and shelves. Little closets. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'cabinet' in in WordNet: 1. (4) cabinet - (a piece of furniture resembling a cupboard with doors and shelves and drawers; for storage or display)`
Super-classes	Box^c StorageConstructInABuilding^c
Sub-classes	MedicineChest^c Cupboard^c

CabinetOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CabinetOfficer`
Description	CYC: The collection of all heads of #$CabinetLevelDepartments. Such people are members of a governmental cabinet.
Super-classes	HeadOfAnOrganization^c GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value GovernmentDepartment^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentMinister^c AttorneyGeneral^c

Cable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cable`
Description	A ''Cable'' is a ''RopeOrCable'' thick and strong enough to hold up a heavy load such as a bridge. It is usually made mostly of metal, such as the cables use in modern suspension bridges, but at an earlier time could have been made of multiple interwoven strands of fibrous material. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cable' in WordNet: 3. (1) cable - (a very strong thick rope made of twisted hemp or steel wire)`
Super-classes	RopeOrCable^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unbreakable^c

CableTVTransmitting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CableTVTransmitting`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$TVTransmitting. In every #$CableTVTransmitting event, an intangible #$InformationBearingThing (usually a #$MovingImageWithSound) is transmitted to a #$TelevisionSet via #$CoaxialCable. See also #$TVBroadcasting and #$TVMediaProduct.
Super-classes	TVTransmitting^c

Cablegram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cablegram`
Description	A ''Cablegram'' is a ''Telegram'' sent overseas (usually using an underwater 'cable'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cablegram' in WordNet: 1. (2) cable, cablegram, overseas telegram - (a telegram sent abroad)`
Super-classes	Telegram^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value International^c

Caboose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caboose`
Description	trainman, railroader, railroad man Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caboose' in WordNet: 2. cabin car, caboose - (a car on a freight train for use of the train crew; usually the last car on the train)
Super-classes	RailroadCar^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value RailroadPerson^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Train-TransportationDevice^c isDesignedToTransport^op value Person^c

CacaoTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CacaoTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cacao tree' in WordNet: 1. cacao, cacao tree, chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao - (tropical American tree producing cacao beans)`
Super-classes	FloweringTree^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value CocoaBean^c

Cache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cache`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cache' in WordNet: 1. (1) cache - (a hidden storage space (for money or provisions or weapons))`
Super-classes	StorageConstructInABuilding^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HidingSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hidden^c

Cackle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cackle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cackle' in WordNet: 1. cackle - (the sound made by a hen after laying an egg)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c AnimalSound^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value DomesticHen^c

Cackle-Laugh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cackle-Laugh`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cackle' in WordNet: 3. cackle - (a loud laugh suggestive of a hen's cackle)`
Super-classes	Laughter^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Cackle^c

Cactus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cactus`
Description	`Onlne - gardening site: Cacti are great models of the xerophytic class. Other types of xerophytic plants include succulents like aloe, euphorbia, some grasses and even some perennial bulbs. These plants have the ability to store water, close the stoma in the leaves to conserve moisture, reduce transpiration and wide root bases or deep taproots. in WordNet: 1. cactus - (any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines)`
Super-classes	DesertPlant^c SucculentPlant^c CentrospermaeOrder^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value CactusSpine^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prickly^c
Sub-classes	MesaVerdeCactus^c Peyote^c PricklyPear^c

CactusSpine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CactusSpine`
Description	A long, thin, rigid external projection from any cactus species. `"thorn"`
Super-classes	SpineSpikeOrQuill^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Cactus^c

Cadence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cadence`
Description	Each ''Cadence'' is a ''PoeticRhythm'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadence' in WordNet: 1. (1) meter, metre, measure, beat, cadence - ((prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse)`
Super-classes	PoeticRhythm^c
Restrictions	describes^op value MetricalFoot^c
Sub-classes	MetricalFoot^c

Cadet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cadet`
Description	A ''Cadet'' is a 'Trainee' studying at some ''MilitaryAcademy''. The term 'plebe' or 'pleb' is usually applied only to members of the Freshman class; this could be a subtype. NOTE: the term 'cadet' is also used for students at private military schools that serve as ''HighSchool''s with training in military activities. That meaning is not included in this type. RHW has both senses: 1. a student in a national service academy or private military school or on a training ship. 2. a student in training for service as a commissioned officer in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Coast Guard. Cf. midshipman (def. 1). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadet' in WordNet: 1. cadet, plebe - (a military trainee (as at a military academy))
Super-classes	Student^c Trainee^c
Restrictions	isStudyingAt^op value MilitaryAcademy^c performsAction^op value Internship^c

Cadmium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cadmium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Cadmium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadmium' in WordNet:
          1. cadmium, Cd, atomic number 48 - (a soft bluish-white 
             ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element;
             occurs in association with zinc ores)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

Cadre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cadre`
Description	A ''Cadre'' is a ''CoreGroup'' of people within some ''Organization''. NOTE this is a generic 'cadre', a small core of people within an Organization. In Wordnet a 'cadre' is either a millitary or political unit. This generic type can be used for a 'cadre' that is neither political nor military. The WN sense 1 of 'cadre' is referenced here as an approximation of the broader meaning. If the 'cadre' refereced in a text can be idenified as political or military, one of the subtypes should be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadre' in WordNet: 1. (1) cell, cadre - (a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement)
Super-classes	CoreGroup^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some PoliticalUnit^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryCadre^c PoliticalCadre^c

Cafe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cafe`
Description	This ''Cafe'' is a (usually small) restarant that specializes in selling ''Cofee' though other foods and beverages may be sold as well. `The term 'cafe' is also used for larger or fancier restaurants: RHW: 1 a restaurant, often with an enclosed or outdoor section extending onto the sidewalk. 2 a restaurant, usually small and unpretentious. 3 a barroom, cabaret, or nightclub. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cafe' in WordNet: 1. (5) cafe, coffeehouse, coffee shop, coffee bar - (a small restaurant where drinks and snacks are sold)`
Super-classes	RestaurantSpace^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Coffee^c

Cafeteria^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cafeteria`
Description	COSMO note: a 'Cafeteria' is interpreted as a place where food or drink is sold (perhaps by vending machine) and there is a location for people to eat the food. Cyc ('CafeteriaSpace')A relatively large set of rooms in a construction for communal eating. Different from a restaurant in that admittance is often restricted to those meeting some criterion such as membership or employment. Also, in a cafeteria diners generally get their food by walking through a line and serving themselves. A cafeteria includes the kitchen, the dining area, and other areas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cafeteria' in WordNet: 1. (13) cafeteria - (a restaurant where you serve yourself and pay a cashier)
Super-classes	MultiRoomUnit^c RestaurantSpace^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Food^c

Caffeine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caffeine

Description

A popular alkaloid stimulant, found in tea, coffee, soft drinks, matte, and various other consumables.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caffeine' in WordNet:
            1. caffeine, caffein - (a bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible
              for their stimulating effects)

Super-classes Alkaloid^c
Stimulant^c

Caftan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caftan

Description

This type is for the garment worn by MidleEastern men. The garment worn by Western women is the ''Caftan-Western''.

      CYC: The collection of loose fitting garments worn by
        either men or women - worn by men in the #$LevantRegion, or
        by women in imitation of this style.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caftan' in WordNet:
           2. caftan, kaftan - (a (cotton or silk) cloak with full sleeves
              and sash reaching down to the ankles; worn by men in the Levant)

Super-classes OuterGarment^c

Caftan-Western^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caftan-Western

Description

This type is for the garment worn by Western women as a coverup, either for lounging inside or over a bathing suit at the beach. The similar garment worn by Eastern men is the ''Caftan''.

       CYC 'caftan': The collection of loose fitting garments worn by
        either men or women - worn by men in the #$LevantRegion, or
        by women in imitation of this style.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caftan' in WordNet:
           1. caftan, kaftan - (a woman's dress style that imitates 
              the caftan cloaks worn by men in the Near East)

Super-classes WomensClothing^c
OuterGarment^c

Cage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cage`
Description	An AnimalContainer that has either bars or wires as the barrier to prevent escape. COSMO note: this includes cages to hold people, but does not include glass or plastic enclosures. For the more generic animal container including fish tanks and terrariums, use 'AnimalContainer'. This sense includes prison cells. `This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cage' in RHW: 1. a boxlike enclosure having wires, bars, or the like, for confining and displaying birds or animals. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cage' in WordNet: 1. cage, coop - (an enclosure made of wire or metal bars in which birds or animals can be kept)`
Super-classes	AnimalContainer^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some BarOrWireType^c
Sub-classes	AnimalCage^c PrisonCell^c

Cairn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cairn`
Description	A mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cairn' in WordNet: 1. cairn - (a mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path)`
Super-classes	Marker^c Mound^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Rock^c

Cajoling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cajoling

Description

Leading is a type of Communicating in which a Person

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cajole' in WordNet:
         1. wheedle, cajole, palaver, blarney, coax, sweet-talk, inveigle -
            (influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering; 
            'He palavered her into going along')

Super-classes PersuadingToAct^c

Cake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cake`
Description	A whole cake or a cut piece of cake, not the substance. This includes any object made of ''CakeSuff'' including ''Doughnut''s. `Cyc: Spongy dessert food item. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cake' in WordNet: 3. cake - (made from or based on a mixture of flour and sugar and eggs)`
Super-classes	BakedFoodObject^c DessertFood^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value CakeStuff^c
Sub-classes	Brownie^c Pancake^c Fruitcake^c Shortcake^c GingerbreadCake^c BirthdayCake^c ChocolateCake^c Cupcake^c Doughnut^c Cheesecake^c

CakeStuff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CakeStuff

Description

''CakeStuff' is the substance of which whole cake or a cut piece of cake consists.

      No exatct match in Wordnet - the WN synset seemsto be the 
         object:

      The RHW definition 1 seems to include the substance:
        1. a sweet, baked, breadlike food, made with or without shortening,
          and usually containing flour, sugar, baking powder or soda, eggs,
          and liquid flavoring.
     Noun sense 3 of 'cake' in WordNet is for the object - see ''Cake':
     in WordNet:
        3. cake - (made from or based on a mixture of flour and sugar and eggs)

Super-classes Food^c
BakedFood^c
CerealFood^c

Cakewalk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cakewalk`
Description	A ''Cakewalk'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' that was accomplished easily by the actor even though the task was a ''DifficultTask''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cakewalk' in WordNet: 2. cakewalk - (an easy accomplishment; 'winning the tournament was a cakewalk for him'; 'invading Iraq won't be a cakewalk')`
Super-classes	SuccessfulAction^c AnimateActivity^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value DifficultTask^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value EasyToDo^c

CakewalkDancing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CakewalkDancing

Description

''CakewalkDancing'' is ''ChoreographedDancing'' based on as style of dance originating in a competition among African-Americans.

       " The cake-walk royalty then began 
         To walk for a cake that was tall as a man "
         (from Vachel Lindsay's poem "The Congo")

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cakewalk' in WordNet:
         1. cakewalk - (a strutting dance based on a march; was performed in minstrel shows; 
            originated as a competition among Black dancers to win a cake)

Super-classes ChoreographedDancing^c

Cakra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cakra`
Description	A point that is significant in Yoga. RHW 'cakra' (also 'chakra'): any of the points of spiritual power located along the body, usually given as six in number. The points are personified by gods and can be released through the proper exercises.
Super-classes	BodyPart^c

Calamine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calamine`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calamine' in WordNet: 1. hemimorphite, calamine - (a white mineral; a common ore of zinc)
Super-classes	Mixture^c Mineral^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value ZincOxide^c

CalamineLotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalamineLotion`
Description	''CalamineLotion''is a ''MedicalLotion'' containing suspended powdered ''Calamine'' used topically to treat itching or inflammation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calamine lotion' in WordNet: 1. calamine lotion - (a lotion consisting of a liquid preparation containing calamine; used to treat itching or mild skin irritations)`
Super-classes	MedicalLotion^c Mixture^c LiquidSuspension^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Calamine^c

Calcite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calcite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calcite' in WordNet: 1. calcite - (a common mineral consisting of crystallized calcium carbonate; a major constituent of limestone)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c

Calcitonin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calcitonin

Description

A #$Hormone produced in the #$Thyroid gland. It is important for bone and calcium metabolism.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calcitonin' in WordNet:
         1. calcitonin, thyrocalcitonin - (thyroid hormone 
            that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma 
            and inhibit resorption of bone)

Super-classes ThyroidHormone^c

Calcium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calcium

Description

A metallic element found in the shells of molluscs as CalciumCarbonate, and consequently in deposits of limestone and marble. Each atom has 20 protons in the nucleus.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calcium' in WordNet:
         1. (4) calcium, Ca, atomic number 20 - (a white metallic element that burns 
            with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; 
            an important component of most plants and animals)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

CalciumCarbonate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalciumCarbonate`
Description	An inorganic salt that has calcium ions as the cations and carbonate as the anion - CaCO3. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calcium carbonate' in WordNet: 1. calcium carbonate - (a salt found in nature as chalk or calcite or aragonite or limestone)`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	containsChemicalElement^op value Calcium^c containsChemicalElement^op value Oxygen^c containsChemicalElement^op value Carbon^c

CalciumFluoride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalciumFluoride`
Description	CYC: The chemical with formula CaF2, which is a precursor to #$HydrogenFluoride.
Super-classes	InorganicChemical^c

CalciumSulfate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalciumSulfate`
Description	''CalciumSulfate' is an inorganic salt that has calcium ions as the cations and sulfate as the anion - CaSO4.
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	containsChemicalElement^op value Sulfur^c containsChemicalElement^op value Oxygen^c containsChemicalElement^op value Calcium^c
Sub-classes	PlasterOfParis^c

Calculator^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calculator

Description

Electronic calculator, which may do symbolic as well as arithmetic operations. For mechanical calculators use 'AddingMachine'. Although a computer is capable of doing such operations, a 'Calculator' cannot be a general-purpose computer, but must be specialized for mathematical operations.

      Because calculators may, like a simple computer, perform a series of 
         operations with one or more actions by a person, they are classified as
         instances of 'AgentType'.

      Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'calculator' in WordNet:
        1. (2) calculator, calculating machine - (a small machine that
          is used for mathematical calculations)

Super-classes ElectronicDevice^c
ComputationalSystem^c
ManufacturedGoods^c

Calculus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calculus`
Description	''Calculus'' is a branch of ''Mathematics''widely used in Physics. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'calculus' in WordNet: 3. calculus, infinitesimal calculus - (the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c Methodology^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Differentiation^c isaBranchOf^op value Mathematics^c

CalculusStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalculusStone`
Description	A ''CalculusStone'' is a small hard PhysicalObject that forms inappropriately in an animal body where it may cuse pain or do damage to the organism. A 'kidney stone' is a common example. It may require surgery to remove. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calculus' in WordNet: 1. (1) calculus, concretion - (a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body; 'renal calculi can be very painful')`
Super-classes	NaturalObject^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value AnimalBody^c
Sub-classes	KidneyStone^c

Caldera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caldera`
Description	A depression measuring kilometers across formed by the collapse of a volcanic mountain. `RHW: a large, basinlike depression resulting from the explosion or collapse of the center of a volcano. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caldera' in WordNet: 1. caldera - (a large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that collapses into a depression)`
Super-classes	VolcanicCrater^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Erupting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Calendar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calendar`
Description	A ''Calendar'' is a ''TimeClassificationSystem'' that classifies years into sequentially numbered units, and may specify subdivisions of a year, typically 'months'. These units may be defined variously, expecially as to the beginning and ending. The days in such calendars usually refer to solar days, but the starting time may differ (as in the Jewish day that starts at sunset). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calendar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) calendar - (a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year)`
Super-classes	TimeClassificationSystem^c
Restrictions	organizesTopic^op value Year^c

CalendarAutumn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalendarAutumn

Description

A specialization of #$CalendarSeason. Each instance of #$CalendarAutumn is a time interval that begins on a day considered to begin an autumn season, and ends on a day considered to end an autumn season. For example, according to mainstream culture in the U.S.A., instances of this collection begin each year on the #$AutumnalEquinox (about September 21) and end on the #$DecemberSolstice (about December 21st) (see #$CalendarAutumn-US), whereas according to mainstream Australasian culture, instances of this collection begin March 1st and end on the last day of May (see #$CalendarAutumn-Australasian).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autumn' in WordNet:
          1. (7) fall, autumn - - (the season when the leaves fall from the trees;
          'in the fall of 1973')

Super-classes CalendarSeason^c

CalendarDate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalendarDate`
Description	CalendarDate is a time interval of one day, located from the beginning 12 AM of the calendar day specified to the instant before the 12AM of the following day. `NOTE that this is not a quantity of time: see 'OneDay'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'date' in WordNet: 2. (119) date - (a particular day specified as the time something happens; 'the date of the election is set by law')`
Super-classes	DateOrTime^c Day^c
Sub-classes	BirthDate^c ExpirationDate^c CreationDate^c

CalendarSeason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalendarSeason`
Description	A specialization of #$Date and an instance of #$CalendarCoveringType and #$ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries-CoveringAndDisjoint (qq.v.). Each instance of #$CalendarSeason is a time interval that is thought of by a significant group of people (often an entire culture -- see #$CalendarSeasonTypeByCulture) as significantly intersecting the instances of #$SeasonOfYear to which those people are typically exposed. For example, one specialization of #$CalendarSeason (#$CalendarWinter-US) is the collection of time intervals that people in mainstream U.S. culture consider to be co-temporal with the cold winter season (each of these intervals begins on the December solstice of a given year and ends on the Vernal equinox of that year). For more on the difference between #$CalendarSeason and #$SeasonOfYear see the #$SharedNoteOnHemispheresAndCalendars. Important specializations of #$CalendarSeason include #$CalendarWinter, #$CalendarSpring, #$CalendarSummer, and #$CalendarAutumn. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'season' in WordNet: 2. (59) season, time of year - - (one of the natural periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices or atmospheric conditions; 'the regular sequence of the seasons')`
Super-classes	SeasonOfYear^c
Sub-classes	CalendarAutumn^c CalendarSummer^c CalendarSpring^c CalendarWinter^c

CalendarSpring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalendarSpring

Description

A specialization of #$CalendarSeason. Each instance of #$CalendarSpring is a time interval that begins on a day considered to begin a spring season, and ends on a day considered to end a spring season. For example, according to mainstream culture in the U.S.A., instances of this collection begin each year on the #$VernalEquinox (about March 21) and end on the #$JuneSolstice (about June 21st) (see #$CalendarSpring-US), whereas according to mainstream Australasian culture, instances of this collection begin September 1st and end November 30th (see #$CalendarSpring-Australasian).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spring' in WordNet:
         1. (652) spring, springtime - - (the season of growth; 
             'the emerging buds were a sure sign of spring'; 'he will hold office until 
             the spring of next year')

Super-classes CalendarSeason^c

CalendarSummer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalendarSummer

Description

A specialization of #$CalendarSeason. Each instance of #$CalendarSummer is a time interval that begins on a day considered to begin a summer season, and ends on a day considered to end a summer season. For example, according to mainstream culture in the U.S.A., instances of this collection begin each year on the #$JuneSolstice (about June 21) and end on the #$AutumnalEquinox (about September 21st) (see #$CalendarSummer-US), whereas according to mainstram Australasian culture, instances of this collection begin December 1st and end on the last day of February (see #$CalendarSummer-Australasian).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'summer' in WordNet:
          1. (60) summer, summertime - - (the warmest season of the year;
             in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice 
             to the autumnal equinox; 'they spent a lazy summer at the shore')

Super-classes CalendarSeason^c

CalendarWeek^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalendarWeek

Description

The Class of all periods of seven consecutive days that start at 12:00 AM on a Sunday morning - this depends on the local time zone.

  Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'week' in WordNet:
    2. (17) week, calendar week -
       (a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday)

Super-classes Week^c

CalendarWinter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalendarWinter

Description

A specialization of #$CalendarSeason. Each instance of #$CalendarWinter is a time interval that begins on a day considered to begin a winter season, and ends on a day considered to end a winter season. For example, according to mainstream culture in the U.S.A., instances of this collection begin each year on the #$DecemberSolstice (about December 21) and end on the #$VernalEquinox (about March 21) each year (see #$CalendarWinter-US), whereas according to mainstram Australasian culture, instances of this collection begin June 1st and end August 31st (see #$CalendarWinter-Australasian).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'winter' in WordNet:
          1. (24) winter, wintertime - (the coldest season of the year; 
             in the northern hemisphere 
            it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox)

Super-classes CalendarSeason^c

Calf^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calf

Description

A young 'DomesticCattle'. NOTE that this is for domestic animals, and wild animals are not included.

      SUMO uses 'A young Cow, i.e. a Cow that is NonFullyFormed',
      but 'Cow' in COSMO is only the female.
      .
      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calf' in WordNet:
      1. (6) calf - (young of domestic cattle)

Super-classes DomesticCattle^c
JuvenileAnimal^c

Calf-AnimalBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calf-AnimalBodyPart`
Description	The back of the leg from the knee to the ankle. `Corresponds to senses 2 of 'calff' in WordNet: 2. (1) calf, sura - (the muscular back part of the shank)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Leg^c

Caliber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caliber`
Description	`NOTE: 'gauge' is related but not the same, being used for shotgun barrels and using a different measure. It needs a different entry. a '22 caliber' pistol or rifle has a bore diameter of 0.22 inches; a '50 caliber' has a diaeter of 0.5 inches. NOTE: for cannons, the term 'caliber' expresses the ratio of length of the bore to diameter of the bore. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caliber' in WordNet: 2. bore, gauge, caliber, calibre - (diameter of a tube or gun barrel)`
Super-classes	Diameter^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value Circle^c

CalibratingaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalibratingaDevice`
Description	''CalibratingaDevice'' is an ''Adjusting'' of some Device in order to assure that the accuracy and/or precision of measuring or action of the device meets the required levels. `NOTE: this is not just for measuring devices, but also for devices that perform actions,such as cutting devices. The accuracy can be affected not only by size but by alignment and irregularities. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'calibrate' in WordNet: 1. (8) calibrate, graduate, fine-tune - (make fine adjustments or divide into marked intervals for optimal measuring; 'calibrate an instrument'; 'graduate a cylinder')`
Super-classes	RegulatingSomething^c Adjusting^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op some ReferenceStandard^c hadObjectModified^op some DeviceType^c hasSubEvent^op value Measuring^c

Californian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Californian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Californian' in Wordnet: 1. Californian - (of or relating to or characteristic of California or its inhabitants; 'Californian beaches')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

CalifornianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalifornianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Californian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Californian - (a native or resident of California)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfCalifornia^c

Californium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Californium

Description

''Californium'' is an element not found in nature. this is a substance; the CYC gloss represents it as an object, which differs from COSMO usage.

      CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is
        a RadioactiveObject of #$Californium; typically, these will
        be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'californium' in WordNet:
          1. californium, Cf, atomic number 98 - 
              (a radioactive transuranic element; discovered 
              by bombarding curium with alpha particles)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Caliper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caliper`
Description	This is for devices that measure the width of small objects by adjusting two arms of the caliper to opposite ends of the object to be measured, with a readout that can distinguish small distances such as one tenth of a millimeter to one micron. Narrower than the CYC gloss suggests. It is often used to measure the diameter of an object. `CYC: The collection of all rulers which can be used to measure things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caliper' in WordNet: 1. caliper, calliper - (an instrument for measuring the distance between two points (often used in the plural))`
Super-classes	LengthMeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value Width^c

Called^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Called

Description

''Called'' is the attribute that precedes a term used as an informal name, given in a 'nicknaming'' Action, to specify that iit is not the formal name.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'called' in Wordnet:
          2. (14) called, known as - (known or spoken of as; 'though she is named Katherine,
              she is called Kitty')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Caller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caller`
Description	A person who calls another Person (initiates a linguistic conversation or makes a statement orally, without expecting a response), for any purpose, and by any means. Instance of this type will most often be used for one who makes a telephone call (instances of the subtype ''TelephoneCaller''), but this can be used for other types of calling. No one WordNet sense captures the full meaning. Includes noun senses 4, 5 and 7 of 'caller' in Wordnet: 4. caller, caller-out - (a person who announces the changes of steps during a dance; 'you need a fiddler and a caller for country dancing') 5. caller - (someone who proclaims or summons in a loud voice; 'the callers were mothers summoning their children home for dinner')
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CallingOut^c
Sub-classes	TelephoneCaller^c

Calligram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calligram`
Description	A ''Calligram'' is a specialy arranged piece of text whose pattern forms an image related to the meaning of the text. `Online definition: a word or piece of text in which the design and layout of the letters creates a visual image related to the meaning of the words themselves. Online Merram-Webser: Calligram definition is - a design in which the letters of a word (such as a name) are rearranged so as to form a decorative pattern or figure (as for a seal).`
Super-classes	Group^c TextMarking^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value PhysicalCharacter^c

Calligraphy-ArtObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calligraphy-ArtObject`
Description	CYC: The collection of art objects whose focus is the display of ornamental handwriting. NOTE: this includes any text produce in elaborate calligraphy style, such as the writing on letters of invitation to formal functions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calligraphy' in WordNet: 1. calligraphy, penmanship, chirography - (beautiful handwriting)`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c TwoDimensionalArtObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CalligraphyWriting^c

CalligraphyWriting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalligraphyWriting`
Description	CYC: The collection of writing events of producing a #$Calligraphy-ArtObject
Super-classes	Hobby^c WritingByHand^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Calligraphy-ArtObject^c

CallingCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CallingCard`
Description	A''CallingCard'' is a small ''Card'' with one's name and contact information given to a Person or left somewhere for a Person who might want to get in contact with the owner identified on the card. In older days when people came to several homes to visit in Person this might have been left at a person's residence, but that is not the most common use nowadays. This includes a ''BusinessCard'' as a subtype. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'calling card' in WordNet: 2. calling card, visiting card, card - (a printed or written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited)`
Super-classes	HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c Card^c
Restrictions	hasInformationContent^op value PersonName^c
Sub-classes	BusinessCard^c

CallingOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CallingOut`
Description	`Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'call' in WordNet: 3. (3) cry, outcry, call, yell, shout, vociferation - (a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition; 'the speaker was interrupted by loud cries from the rear of the audience')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c Communication^c ContactingaPerson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Shouting^c Clamor^c Exclaiming^c Catcall^c

CallingToaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CallingToaPerson`
Description	A LinguisticCommunication that involves one person initiating or attempting to initiate an OralConversation with another person by verbally addressing that person ('calling out to a person') or otherwise signaling to a person that a verbal conversation is desired. This does not include non-oral exchanges such as email or texting. The ''CallingToaPerson'' does not always succeed in initiating the conversation, but is still a Calling event. NOTE that this is a Communication, not necessarily a LinguisticCommunication, so a signing that intitiates a conversation is also a 'Calling'. This is the act that initiates a conversation; subsequent acts within a conversation are not instances of this type. This does not include 'calling on', as in visiting someone's house. This does not include 'calling' a device such as calling an elevator. However, hailing a taxicab would be included, since that initiates a conversation with the cab driver.
Super-classes	ContactingaPerson^c
Restrictions	typicallyStarts^op value OralConversation^c

Callous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Callous`
Description	To be ''Callous'' is to be ''Unsympathetic'' to the problems of other people, even to the point where the Person with this attribute is not concerned if his/her own actions contribute to the troubles of others. `NOTE: 'pachydermatous' is somewhat different in meaning, needs tobe broken out as 'thick-skinned'. RHW: 2. thick-skinned; insensitive: a pachydermatous indifference to insults. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'callous' in Wordnet: 1. (3) callous, indurate, pachydermatous - (emotionally hardened; 'a callous indifference to suffering'; 'cold-blooded and indurate to public opinion')`
Super-classes	Unsympathetic^c
Sub-classes	ColdHearted^c

Calm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calm`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing 'Calmness-Feeling', who is not excited in any way - not angry, not afraid. This is for people, not for weather attributes. NOTE: In Cyc 'Calm' is the type of person who is calm. The COSMO treats this as an AttributeValue. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being calm. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. NOTE: 'serene' is treated as a more intensive level of ''Calm'' and is used as the label for 'composed' . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'calm' in WordNet: 1. (11) calm, unagitated, serene, tranquil - (not agitated; without losing self-possession; 'spoke in a calm voice'; 'remained calm throughout the uproar'; 'he remained serene in the midst of turbulence'; 'a serene expression on her face'; 'she became more tranquil'; 'tranquil life in the country')
Super-classes	Relaxed^c
Sub-classes	Composed^c Poised^c

CalmingAnInfant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalmingAnInfant`
Description	''CalmingAnInfant'' is a ''SoothingAction'' Action that causes or attempts to cause a feeling of ''Calm'' in a ''HumanInfant'', to keep the infant from crying or otherwise exhibiting distress
Super-classes	SoothingAction^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value HumanInfant^c

CalmingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CalmingaPerson`
Description	''CalmingaPerson'' is a ''ProvidingMentalComfort'' in which one agent performs an Action that helps to calm down a person who was anxious about something. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'calm' in WordNet: 1. (5) calm, calm down, quiet, tranquilize, tranquillize, tranquillise, quieten, lull, still - (make calm or still; 'quiet the dragons of worry and fear')`
Super-classes	ProvidingMentalComfort^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Calmness-Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Appeasing^c ReassuringaPerson^c

Calmly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calmly

Description

''Calmly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions of people that exhibit an intrnal ''Calm'' disposition on the part of the Person performing the action.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'calmly' in Wordnet:
         1. (9) calmly - (with self-possession (especially in times of stress);
             'he spoke calmly to the rioting students')
         2. (2) sedately, calmly - (in a sedate manner)

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Calmness-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calmness-Feeling`
Description	CYC: The attribute-type associated with the feeling of calmness or serenity, being free from disturbance. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - i.e. collections - of attributes, see #$FeelingAttribute and the comment on #$Happiness.) `NOTE: this ''Feeling'' is desribed by some of the same terms as the ''MentalState'' ''Composure'', but a ''Feeling'' is a special kind of ''MenatlState'' and this type allows he use of some labels for states that are not ''Feeling''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calm' and sense 1 of 'calmness' in WordNet: 1. (3) composure, calm, calmness, equanimity - (steadiness of mind under stress; 'he accepted their problems with composure and she with equanimity')`
Super-classes	Relaxed-Feeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Calm^c
Sub-classes	Patience^c PeaceOfMind^c Poise^c Toleration^c Serenity^c

Calorie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calorie`
Description	A Calorie is an energy measure. This is the small 'calorie'; for the 'calorie' used in rating food energy content, use ''kilocalorie''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calorie' in WordNet: 1. (1) calorie, gram calorie, small calorie - (unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade at atmospheric pressure)
Super-classes	FunctionQuantity^c
Restrictions	isMeasuredBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#calories^c

Calorie-Free^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calorie-Free

Description

''Calorie-Free'' is a more intensive subAttribute of ''Low-Calorie'' characterizing Foods and artificial sweeteners that have no detectable calorie content.

         Corresponds part of adjective sense 1 of 'calorie-free' (for
            no calories at all) in Wordnet:
           1. light, lite, low-cal, calorie-free - (having relatively few calories; 
             'diet cola'; 'light (or lite) beer'; 'lite (or light) mayonnaise'; 'a low-cal diet')
         WN adj 'noncaloric':
           1. noncaloric - (of food have no (or few) calories; 'a noncaloric drink')

Super-classes Low-Calorie^c

Calyx^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Calyx`
Description	CYC: A calyx is the flower's outermost whorl and is composed of sepals; it encloses and protects the reproductive organs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calyx' in WordNet: 1. calyx - ((botany) the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud; usually green)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Sepal^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Flower^c

Cam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cam`
Description	'Cam-ForceConverter': Oval-shaped device used for mechanical linkage (typically for transforming linear movement into rotational movement, or vice versa). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cam' in WordNet: 2. cam - (a rotating disk shaped to convert circular into linear motion)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c RotatableComponent^c PoweredDevice^c PowerTransmittingDevice^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value MechanicalDevice^c

CamCorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CamCorder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camcorder' in WordNet: 1. camcorder - (a portable television camera and videocassette recorder)`
Super-classes	PortableObject^c DigitalDevice^c VideoCamera^c
Restrictions	uses^op value VideoCassette^c

Camaraderie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camaraderie`
Description	A ''Camaraderie''is a ''SocialRelationship'' among a Group of friends that causes feelings of ''Enjoyment''among them and enhances their friendship. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camaraderie' in WordNet: 1. (1) chumminess, camaraderie, comradeliness, comradery, comradeship - (the quality of affording easy familiarity and sociability)`
Super-classes	SocialRelationship^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op only GroupOfFriends^c causesMentalEventType^op value Enjoyment^c

CambricTea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CambricTea

Description

A type of ''Tea'' diluted for consumption of children.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cambric tea' in Wordnet:
       1. cambric tea - (a beverage for children containing hot water and 
         milk and sugar and a small amount of tea)

Super-classes Tea^c

Camel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camel

Description

The only wild camels remaining in the world are in Australia, where some tame camels were brought as desert transport and later released. Elsewhere they are all tame or domesticated, but that is not a necessary property.

      Some individuals could be classified as a ''BeastOfBurden'' but that is not
         a necessary property of the class.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camel' in Wordnet:
           1. camel - (cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions)

Super-classes Ruminant^c
HoofedMammal^c

CamelColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CamelColor`
Description
Super-classes	Brownish^c
Sub-classes	LightOliveBrown-Color^c

Camellia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camellia

Description

CYC: a bitter, aromatic plant, Artemisia absinthium, of

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camellia' in WordNet:
        1. camellia, camelia - (any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees 
           having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers)

Super-classes Bush^c
EvergreenPlant^c
TeaOrder^c

Camera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camera`
Description	A specialization of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$Camera is a #$VisualInformationRecordingDevice that focuses a #$VisualImage through a #$Lens-Artificial and records it on some kind of storage medium, e.g. #$PhotographicFilm (see #$FilmCamera) or #$ComputerMemory (see #$DigitalCamera). A #$Camera may record #$StillImages one at a time (see #$StillCamera) or in rapid succession to create a #$MovingImage (see #$VideoCamera). `SUMO: A Device which is capable of Photographing. @ToDo: add Capability/Function - create an Image This type includes both senses of 'camera' from WordNet, and is intended for photographic and electronic versions - anything that can create and store or transmit an image. in WordNet: 1. (18) camera, photographic camera - (equipment for taking photographs (usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one end and light-sensitive film at the other))`
Super-classes	LensedOpticalDevice^c Device-UserControlled^c VisualInformationRecordingDevice^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Photograph^c
Sub-classes	FilmCamera^c TelevisionCamera^c StillCamera^c DigitalCamera^c VideoCamera^c

CameraShutter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CameraShutter`
Description	A ''CameraShutter'' is a ''PortalCovering'' in line with the lens of a ''Camera'' that adjusts the amount of light that reaches the photosensitive element (photographic film or electronic light sensors). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shutter' in WordNet: 1. (5) shutter - (a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure)`
Super-classes	LightAperture^c MechanicalDevice^c Covering^c
Restrictions	controls^op value LightIntensityMeasure^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Camera^c

Cameraman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cameraman`
Description	A ''Cameraman'' is a ''Photographer'' of any sex who operates a movie camera of any type to make a Movie (''FilmingaMovie'') in the form of a ''MovieFilm'' or a ''VideoRecording'' or a ''ComputerVideoFile''. Such professionals are typically employed by a Organizations that produce Movies, whether for education or for entertainment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cameraman' in WordNet: 1. cameraman, camera operator, cinematographer - (a photographer who operates a movie camera)`
Super-classes	Photographer^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op some (Movie^c or MovieFilm^c or VideoRecording^c or ComputerVideoFile^c) performsAction^op value FilmingaMovie^c

Camisole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camisole`
Description	A womens undergarment that is a ''Clothing-Top'' worn over a ''Brassiere'' and under a blouse. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'camisole' in WordNet: 1. camisole, underbodice - (a short sleeveless undergarment for women) 2. camisole - (a short negligee)`
Super-classes	WomensClothing^c Lingerie^c Clothing-Top^c ClothingItem^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sleeveless^c

Camouflaging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camouflaging`
Description	''Camouflaging'' is a subtype of ''Disguising'' in which an inanimate object or a Person is made to appear as some other type of inanimate object in order to hide the presence or avoid recognition of the true object. This is used both in military operations, and in hunting when a hunter wears something to avoid alerting prey to his/her presence. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'camouflage' in WordNet: 1. (1) camouflage - (disguise by camouflaging; exploit the natural surroundings to disguise something; 'The troops camouflaged themselves before they went into enemy territory')`
Super-classes	Disguising^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value Disguise^c

CampChair^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CampChair

Description

A ''FoldingChair'' light enough to be conveniently carried to a camp site.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camp chair' in Wordnet:
         1. camp chair - (a light folding chair)

Super-classes FoldingChair^c

Campaign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Campaign`
Description	A ''Campaign'' is a cooperative effort by a GroupOfPeople to achieve some Goal (a ''DesiredFutureSituation'') that the group considers worth considerable effort,ad difficult eough to require the efforts of multiple people. Political campaigns and campaigns for political or social goals (often called ''Reform''s) This is a subtype of ''Struggle'' (an ''AttemptingActivity''), meaning that it has an uncertain outcome and takes a lot of effort. CYC: The collection of all extended operations with a focused purpose undertaken by a group of people. Types of campaigns include medical campaigns, #$PropagandaCampaigns, and #$PoliticalElectionCampaigns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'campaign' in WordNet: 2. (5) campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement, effort - (a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end; 'he supported populist campaigns'; 'they worked in the cause of world peace'; 'the team was ready for a drive toward the pennant'; 'the movement to end slavery'; 'contributed to the war effort')
Super-classes	Struggle^c HumanGroupActivity^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some DesiredFutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	PropagandaCampaign^c Phonathon^c FundRaisingCampaign^c PoliticalCampaign^c

CampaignButton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CampaignButton`
Description	A traditional ''PinnableButton'' representing support for some candidate for an electable office, usually a government office. This is a pinnable disk - other types of campaign buttons must be represented elsewhere. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'button' in Wordnet: 4. button - (a round flat badge displaying information and suitable for pinning onto a garment; 'they passed out campaign buttons for their candidate')`
Super-classes	PinnableButton^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some (PoliticalElectionCampaign^c or Candidate^c)

Camper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camper`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camper' in WordNet: 1. (10) camper - (someone living temporarily in a tent or lodge for recreation)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Camping^c

Campfire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Campfire`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'campfire' in WordNet: 1. (3) campfire - (a small outdoor fire for warmth or cooking (as at a camp))`
Super-classes	UsefulThing^c ControlledFire^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CookingFood^c occursAt^op value Campsite^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Campground^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Campground`
Description	The area in which a Campsite has been set up, or an area designated by some Authority as a place where a Campsite can be set up. If living facilites have been set up on a Campground, it is also the subtype 'Campsite'. The distinction of 'Campground' and 'Campsite' is that a 'Campground' may have no dwellings on it at some time, even though it is designated as a place (as in a national park) where people may set up camp; a Campsite is only a Campsite as long as there are temporary dwellings set up there. `It might be in a field, or may include trees. SUMO: A LandArea whose purpose is to have MobileResidences (e.g. recreational vehicles, mobile homes, Tents, etc.) located there. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'campground' in WordNet: 1. (4) campsite, campground, camping site, camping ground, bivouac, encampment, camping area - (a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent)`
Super-classes	GroundOrFloor^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c OutdoorObject^c
Sub-classes	Campsite^c

Camphor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camphor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camphor' in WordNet: 1. camphor - (a resin obtained from the camphor tree; used in making celluloid and liniment)`
Super-classes	NaturalResin^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value CamphorTree^c

CamphorTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CamphorTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camphor tree' in WordNet: 1. camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora - (large evergreen tree of warm regions whose aromatic wood yields camphor)`
Super-classes	LaurelTree^c Species^c

Camping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camping`
Description	'Camping' is 'LodgingSomewhere' in a temporary shelter, usually a tent, at a camp site, whether the site is for one person or many people, dsignated permanently as a camp site or only used as such for a single night. The temporary shelter can be a recreational vehicle or mobile home, as long as it is not intended to be in the same place for a long period, as in a trailer park. Living in a fixed dwelling, even if crudely built or in a remote location, is not included in this type. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'camp' and sense 1 of 'camp out' in WordNet, not includinng the metaphorical notion of 'camping' in a fixed dwelling: in WordNet: 1. (7) camp, encamp, camp out, bivouac, tent - (live in or as if in a tent; 'Can we go camping again this summer?'; 'The circus tented near the town'; 'The houseguests had to camp in the living room')`
Super-classes	LodgingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Camper^c isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value Campsite^c

CampingVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CampingVehicle`
Description	A ''CampingVehicle'' is a ''RecreationalVehicle'' desinged to be used while 'camping out. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'camper' in WordNet: 2. camper, camping bus, motor home - (a recreational vehicle equipped for camping out while traveling)`
Super-classes	RecreationalVehicle^c Lodging^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Camping^c
Sub-classes	CaravanVehicle^c

Campsite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Campsite`
Description	NOTE: for the space designated for camping use parent type ''Campground'' The region where people have temporarily set up lodging in the form of tents, sleeping bags, campfires, etc., including both the area and the lodgings. Also includes military style encampments. Some campsites are campsites for no longer than the duration the tent is set up there, as little as a single night. Other campsites remain campsites for years, e.g. #$Campground. A 'Campsite' that is designated for camping but does not have any living quarters on it is represented as a 'Campground'. A Campsite is a Facility-Generic, which is an Artifact. This includes senses 1 and 3 of 'camp'.in Wordnet: 1. (19) camp, encampment, cantonment, bivouac - (temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers; 'wherever he went in the camp the men were grumbling') 3. (6) camp - (temporary lodgings in the country for travelers or vacationers; 'level ground is best for parking and camp areas')
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c Campground^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value Camping^c

Campus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Campus`
Description	The area consisting of the grounds of an organization such as a university (but not restricted to universities). `Not all non-university Organization grounds are called a 'campus', but some are - like Microsoft's. Includes but is not restricted to WordNet sense 1 of 'campus': in WordNet: 1. (2) campus - (a field on which the buildings of a university are situated)`
Super-classes	GroundsOfOrganization^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
Sub-classes	CollegeCampus^c

Camshaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Camshaft`
Description	A ''PowerShaft'' is a ''Shaft'' that transmits power (or motion) from or to one end that is attached to a power-driven rotating comonent to or from other point(s) along or on the far end of the ''Shaft''. One example is a ''Camshaft'' used in internal combustion engines. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camshaft' in WordNet: 1. camshaft - (has cams attached to it)`
Super-classes	PowerShaft^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value MechanicalDevice^c

Can^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Can`
Description	In COSMO a 'Can ' is necessarily metallic. It may be reclosable, such as the cans used for paint, or single-use, such as the cans one opens with a can opener that cannot be reclosed with the same lid. Cyc restricts this to Food, but in COSMO it can be any can-shaped metallic container, including cans for paint, driveway sealer, etc. `NOTE: this type is not necessarily cylindrical, so this is not precisely aligned with the CYC 'Can'. Cyc: Cylindrical storage device often used to store food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'can' in WordNet: 1. (3) can, tin, tin can - (airtight sealed metal container for food or drink or paint etc.)`
Super-classes	CapsuleContainer^c
Sub-classes	DrinkingCan^c

CanadaGoose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanadaGoose

Description

Migratory wild goose of North America.

     Noun sense 1 (only sense) of 'Canada goose' in WordNet:
      1. honker, Canada goose, Canadian goose, Branta canadensis -
      (common greyish-brown wild goose of North America)

Super-classes Goose^c
WildAnimal^c

Canadian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canadian

Description

''Canadian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Canada'' or a ''CanadianPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'C'.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Canadian' in WordNet:
     1. (1) Canadian - (of or relating to Canada or its people)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CanadianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanadianPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Canada, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Canadian' in WordNet: 1. Canadian - (a native or inhabitant of Canada)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canada^c

Canal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canal`
Description	A specialization of both #$BodyOfWater and #$PathArtifact. Each instance of #$Canal is an artificial waterway designed to serve either as a path for watercraft, or as a device for irrigating land. Instances of #$Canal include the #$SuezCanal and the #$PhuCamCanal. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'canal' in WordNet: 3. canal - (long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation)`
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c BodyOfWater^c FlowPath^c
Sub-classes	ShippingCanal^c

Canary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canary`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'canary' in WordNet: 4. canary, canary bird - (any of several small Old World finches)`
Super-classes	Finch^c

Canceling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canceling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'cancel' in WordNet: 3. cancel, strike down - (declare null and void; make ineffective; 'Cancel the election results'; 'strike down a law')`
Super-classes	Judging^c
Sub-classes	Revoking^c Annulling^c

Cancelled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cancelled`
Description	`No WN sense of 'cancelled' includes this type`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Invalid^c

CancelledMail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CancelledMail`
Description	'CancelledMail'' is a piece of ''Mail'' (of any size) that has one or more 'cancellation marks' ( a ''Postmark''), usually placed so that part of the mark is visible on each ''PostageStamp'' on the ''Mail'' item.
Super-classes	Mail^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cancelled^c containsSymbolicObject^op value Postmark^c

Cancelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cancelling`
Description	''Cancelling'' is an Action that reverses a prior decision to perform some Action, and modifies all or part of a ''ScheduledEvent'' (a Plan of action) by deleting or moving some ''Event'' within the ''Schedule'' for that Event. This is a MOdification of the ''Schedule'' (Plan) such that the execution of that Schedule will differ - perhaps by being completely may be [part of a ''Delaying'' (postponing) of an Action or Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cancel' in WordNet: 1. (9) cancel, call off, scratch, scrub - (postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled; 'Call off the engagement'; 'cancel the dinner party'; 'we had to scrub our vacation plans'; 'scratch that meeting-the chair is ill') WN noun 'cancellation': 1. (2) cancellation - (the act of cancelling; calling off some arrangement)
Super-classes	UndoingAction^c DeletingSomething^c Modification^c
Restrictions	modifies^op value Schedule^c removes^op some ScheduledEvent^c

CancellingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CancellingSomething`
Description	''CancellingSomething'' is an Action in which something that confers a Right or serves a purpose is rendered ''Invalid'' for further use. This does not include the sense of 'cancelling' a planned Event (requires a different type to be added when needed). There can be more specific types of 'cancelling' for different type of things that can be cancelled (rendered invalid), such as ''CancellingaPostageStamp''. `Corresponds to the most general sense of verb sense 5 of 'cancel' in WordNet: 5. cancel, invalidate - (make invalid for use; 'cancel cheques or tickets')`
Super-classes	MarkingOnASurface^c ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Cancelled^c

CancellingaPostageStamp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CancellingaPostageStamp`
Description	''CancellingaPostageStamp'' is a ''MarkingOnASurface'' in which a ''Postmark'' is applied to the part of a piece of ''Mail'' that has the ''PostageStamp'' on it,thereby rendering the ''PostageStamp'' invald for further use in postage. The ''PostageStamp'' for this purpose may not be a stick-on stamp, but some equivalent printed on the envelope or package being mailed. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 5 of 'cancel' in WordNet: 5. cancel, invalidate - (make invalid for use; 'cancel cheques or tickets')`
Super-classes	ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c MarkingOnASurface^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Postmark^c hadThingAffected^op value Mail^c hadThingAffected^op value PostageStamp^c produces^op value CancelledMail^c

Cancer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cancer`
Description	An AilmentCondition in which cells grow without proper control, causing damage and often death to an Animal. `NOTE: for convenience, 'PathogenType' is added as a type even though a 'pathogen' is usually considered as an organism, not a disease. This can be refined when necessary. See use in 'SpreadingOfaPathogen''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'cancer' in WordNet: 1. (15) cancer, malignant neoplastic disease - (any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value MalignantTumor^c hasSubEvent^op some UncontrolledGrowth^c hadMainParticipant^op some Animal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast-Growing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Malignant^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op value MalignantTumor^c
Sub-classes	Leukemia^c ColonCancer^c BreastCancer^c SkinCancer^c

Candela^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candela

Description

SI luminosity intensity measure. Symbol: cd. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the Candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540*10^12 Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 Watt per Steradian.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candela' in WordNet:
      1. candle, candela, cd, standard candle - (the basic unit of luminous intensity 
        adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; equal to 1/60 of the luminous 
        intensity per square centimeter of a black body radiating at the temperature
        of 2,046 degrees Kelvin)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Candelabrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candelabrum`
Description	A ''Candelabrum'' is a ''Candlestick'' designed to hold more than one or more elongated candles upright while they are burning. Can have as few as two holders or more than seven. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candelabrum' in WordNet: 1. candelabrum, candelabra - (branched candlestick; ornamental; has several lights)`
Super-classes	Candlestick^c
Restrictions	hasFeature^op value Socket^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Candle^c
Sub-classes	Menorah^c

Candid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candid

Description

''Candid'' is an Attribute of a Person or a GroupOfPeople who are not ''Secretive'' about revealing some fact or facts, by drect communication or by perorming actions that are observable by others rather than in secret.

       Includes adjective sense 3 of 'candid' , senses 1 and20 of 'open',
         and sense 1 of 'overt' in Wordnet:
         3. candid, open, heart-to-heart - (openly straightforward 
           and direct without reserve or secretiveness; 'his candid eyes';
           'an open and trusting nature'; 'a heart-to-heart talk')
       WN Sense 1 of 'overt':
         1. (1) overt, open - (open and observable; not secret or hidden; 
           'an overt lie'; 'overt hostility'; 'overt intelligence gathering'; 
           'open ballots')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Candidacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candidacy`
Description	''Candidacy'' covers a the Actions by an ''ElectoralCandidate'' in the course of some ''PoliticalElectionCampaign''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candidacy' in WordNet: 1. (1) campaigning, candidacy, candidature, electioneering, political campaign - (the campaign of a candidate to be elected)`
Super-classes	PoliticalElectionCampaign^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some ElectoralCandidate^c

Candidate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candidate`
Description	Any Person who has him/herself forward for selection to fill a position, or to join a Group, or to be awarded some honor or benefit. `For a 'candidate' for membership in a Group,use subtype ''CandidateForMembership''. A candidate may enter a selection process to be nominated (as a 'nominee' of a political party). For the political candidate, use subtype ''ElectoralCandidate''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'candidate' in WordNet: 2. (5) candidate, prospect - (someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.))`
Super-classes	EquivalentThing^c Person^c
Sub-classes	ElectoralCandidate^c CandidateForMembership^c

CandidateForMembership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CandidateForMembership`
Description	A ''CandidateForMembership' is a ''Candidate'' that is being subjected to a decision process to deterine if that Person shall or shall not be allowed to join a GroupOfPeople or Organization. `This a ''CandidateForMembership'' ''mayUndergo'' ''AdmittingToMembership'' if s/he is accepted.`
Super-classes	Candidate^c
Restrictions	mayUndergo^op value AdmittingToMembership^c

Candidly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candidly

Description

''Candidly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action modified was performed in a ''Canid''manner, not evasively..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candidly' in WordNet:
          1. (1) honestly, candidly, frankly - 
             ((used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely 
             the case that; 'honestly, I don't believe it';
             'candidly, I think she doesn't have a conscience'; 
             'frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Candle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candle`
Description	CYC: The collection of pieces of wax, tallow, etc. with embedded wicks designed to be burned to give light. Modern candles are often long and slender, but the short squate candles used as 'votive lights' in a short holder are included here. The whole of a candle burns up, unlike a torch, which remains after its fuel has been consumed by the fire. NOTE that a 'Candle' consist mostly of Wax, and also mostly of Fuel; this means that the Wax must be of a type that can serve as a Fuel - earwax and some other animal or plant 'waxes' would not normally qualify. COSMO note: a 'Candle' is composed mostly of Fuel - wax, tallow, etc. Modern candles that come in jars are also considered as 'candles', where the fuel part should be the largest part by weight, though it may be slightly less than half - still it's a 'Candle' and the jar container is included, at this point (v0.36). An Oil 'candle' in a jar would not qualify for this type, for which the fuel must be a solid wax. Perhaps an additional type is needed? SUMO: An IlluminationDevice that consists of Wax and a wick, which is lit with a flame. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candle' in WordNet: 1. (4) candle, taper, wax light - (stick of wax with a wick in the middle)
Super-classes	LightingDevice^c CylindricalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wax^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Combustible^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fuel^c isaSourceOf^op value Light^c hasComponentPart^op value Wick^c
Sub-classes	LightedCandle^c

CandleFlame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CandleFlame`
Description	A ''CandleFlame'' is the ''Flame'' occurring on top of a ''LightedCandle''.
Super-classes	Flame^c
Restrictions	produces^op value CandleFlameObject^c occursAt^op value LightedCandle^c

CandleFlameObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CandleFlameObject`
Description	A ''FlameObject'' is the ''DynamicObject'' produced by a 'Flame'. This is treated as a PhysicalObject, even though it is constantly changing.
Super-classes	FlameObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LightedCandle^c

CandleLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CandleLight`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candlelight' in WordNet: 1. candlelight, candle flame - (the light provided by a burning candle)`
Super-classes	Light^c EnergySource^c
Restrictions	hasSource^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c hasPart^op value VisibleLight^c

Candlestick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candlestick`
Description	An ''ArtifactObject'' designed to hold one or more elongated candles upright while they are burning. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candlestick' in Wordnet: 1. candlestick, candle holder - (a holder with sockets for candles)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Holder^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasFeature^op value Socket^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Candle^c
Sub-classes	Candelabrum^c

Candor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candor`
Description	''Candor' is a ''Feeling'' and a BehavioralDisposition that disposes a Person to be 'candid' - frank and not evasive. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'candor' in Wordnet: 2. candor, candour, candidness, frankness, directness, forthrightness - (the quality of being honest and straightforward in attitude and speech)`
Super-classes	Honesty^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Frank^c

Candy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Candy`
Description	This is a substance. See ''CandyObject'' for a piece of candy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) candy, confect - (a rich sweet made of flavored sugar and often combined with fruit or nuts)`
Super-classes	SweetFood^c DessertSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Sweetener^c
Sub-classes	MintCandy^c Licorice^c Fudge^c HardCandy^c MarshmallowStuff^c Caramel^c

CandyBar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CandyBar`
Description	This is a ''CandyObject'' that is larger than a ''JellyBean'' and may be of any type, not just chocolate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candy bar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) candy bar - (a candy shaped as a bar)`
Super-classes	CandyObject^c HandSizedObject^c BarOfStuff^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Candy^c
Sub-classes	ChocolateBar^c

CandyCane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CandyCane`
Description	Usually this has a curved handle at one end, but not necessarily. Do they all have red and white stripes?? As a default, here we say yes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candy cane' in Wordnet: 1. candy cane - (a hard candy in the shape of a rod (usually with stripes))`
Super-classes	CandyObject^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Cane^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value RedAndWhiteStriped^c consistsOfSubstance^op value MintCandy^c

CandyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CandyObject`
Description	This is any Object made of ''Candy''.
Super-classes	SweetTastingObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Candy^c
Sub-classes	CandyCane^c HardCandyObject^c Lollipop^c JellyBean^c CandyBar^c

CandyStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CandyStore`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'candy store' in WordNet: 1. (1) confectionery, confectionary, candy store - (a confectioner's shop)`
Super-classes	RetailStore^c

Cane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cane`
Description	A ''Cane'' is a ''WalkingStick'' that is an ArtifactObject. There is little else to distinguish them - not all ''Cane''s have curved handles. `CYC 'WalkingCane':: A Device which has the form of a staff with a handle and which enables some people to walk with greater assurance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cane' in Wordnet: 1. (5) cane - (a stick that people can lean on to help them walk)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c LongAndThinThing^c SmallObject^c WalkingStick^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Person^c enablesOrAssists^op value HumanWalkingProcess^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HumanWalkingProcess^c

Canine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canine`
Description	SUMO: The Class of Carnivores with completely separable toes, nonretractable claws, and long muzzles. `Cyc: (CanineAnimal) A specialization of #$CarnivoreOrder. Each instance of #$CanineAnimal is a member of a dog-like species belonging to the #$CarnivoreOrder. The collection #$CanineAnimal includes the specializations #$Dog, #$Wolf, and #$Fox (qq.v.). Canine animals constitute an instance of #$BiologicalFamily, the Canidae. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canine' in WordNet: 2. canine, canid - (any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long muzzles)`
Super-classes	TerrestrialOrganism^c Carnivore^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Wolf^c Fox^c Dog^c Hyena^c Bitch^c Jackal^c

CanineTooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanineTooth`
Description	CYC: The pointy teeth between the incisors and the bicuspids, which are used for puncturing and shredding. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canine tooth' in WordNet: 1. canine, canine tooth, eyetooth, eye tooth, dogtooth, cuspid - (one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars)`
Super-classes	Tooth^c
Sub-classes	Fang^c

Caning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caning`
Description	''Caning'' is a ''SheetlikeSubstance'' produced by weaving strands made from thin branches of vegetation or slices of branch material. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caning' in WordNet: 1. (1) wicker, wickerwork, caning - (work made of interlaced slender branches (especially willow branches))`
Super-classes	SheetlikeSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value Wicker^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Wood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c

CaningaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaningaPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Canings, which involve the hitting of a person with a cane, stick, or similar object. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cane' in WordNet: 1. (1) cane, flog, lambaste, lambast - (beat with a cane)`
Super-classes	BeatingAnAnimal^c Punishing^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Cane^c hadObjectStruck^op value Person^c

Canna^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canna`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canna' in WordNet: 1. canna - (any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c GingerOrder^c Plant-NonWoody^c
Sub-classes	CannaLily^c

CannaLily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CannaLily`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canna lily' in WordNet: 1. canna lily, Canna generalis - (plants grown for their large bright yellow to red flowers)`
Super-classes	Canna^c

Cannabis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cannabis`
Description	A #$BiologicalGenus of #$Plants within the #$HempFamily, with #$taxonMembers including the #$BiologicalSpecies #$HempPlant.
Super-classes	NettleOrder^c HempFamily^c
Sub-classes	HempPlant^c

Canned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canned

Description

''Canned'' is the attribute of a FoodType or FoodObject that has been preserved in a ''Can'' by a ''CanningFood'' process.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'canned' in Wordnet:
           2. canned, tinned - (sealed in a can or jar)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CannedFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CannedFood`
Description	''CannedFood'' is a ''Food'' that has been preserved in a ''Can'' by a ''CanningFood'' process. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canned food' in WordNet: 1. canned food, canned foods, canned goods, tinned goods - (food preserved by canning)`
Super-classes	Food^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CanningFood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Canned^c
Sub-classes	CannedMeat^c

CannedMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CannedMeat`
Description	''CannedMeat'' is a ''Meat'' that has been preserved in a ''Can'' by a ''CanningFood'' process. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canned meat' in WordNet: 1. canned meat, tinned meat - (meat preserved in a can or tin)`
Super-classes	Meat^c CannedFood^c
Sub-classes	CannedSpam^c

CannedSpam^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CannedSpam

Description

''CannedSpam'' is a ''CannedMeat'' in which the Meat is processed, and considered by most to be inferior to fresh-cooked Meat.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spam' in WordNet:
          1. Spam - (a canned meat made largely from pork)

Super-classes CannedMeat^c

CanningFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanningFood`
Description	''CanningFood'' is a way of ''PreservingFood'' by sealing it in an airtight metallic ''Can'' after heating it or otherwise treating it to kill germs that might cause illness. The food is often packaged in a (partial) vacuum within the ''Can''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'can' in WordNet: 1. (2) can, tin, put up - (preserve in a can or tin; 'tinned foods are not very tasty')`
Super-classes	PreservingFood^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Can^c

Cannon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cannon`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Guns that have a large caliber, and are generally mounted on a platform of some kind. `Includes sense 1, 2, and 4 of 'cannon' in WordNet: 1. (13) cannon - (a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels) 2. cannon - (heavy gun fired from a tank) 4. cannon - (heavy automatic gun fired from an airplane)`
Super-classes	Gun^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Canoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canoe`
Description	COSMO note: a ''Canoe'' has to be small enough to be powered by one person using oars or a paddle (a type of short-handled ''Oar''). It may be light enough to be carried by a Person. `CYC: #$Canoe is a specialization of #$Watercraft-Small and #$Device-UserPowered. Each instance of #$Canoe is a small and narrow watercraft powered by human paddling, poling, or by a small boat-engine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canoe' in Wordnet: 1. canoe - (small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle)`
Super-classes	Watercraft-Small^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Paddle-Water^c
Sub-classes	Kayak^c

Canoeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canoeing`
Description	In CYC ''Canoeing'' is a 'paddling' - this type is broader, including people who ride in a Canoe without doing any of the paddling. The ''PaddlingABoat'' is considered as a subEvent of this Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'canoe' in WordNet: 1. canoe - (travel by canoe; 'canoe along the canal')`
Super-classes	Boating^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Canoe^c hasSubEvent^op value PaddlingABoat^c
Sub-classes	Kayaking^c

Canonical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canonical

Description

Something ''Canonical'' conforms closely to some Rule or accepted conventional or standard or necessary way of doing something.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'canonical' in Wordnet:
          4. canonic, canonical, sanctioned - (conforming to orthodox or recognized rules; 
             'the drinking of cocktails was as canonical a rite as the mixing'- Sinclair Lewis)

Super-classes Conforming^c
Standardized^c

Canonically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canonically

Description

''Canonically'' is an AdverbialModifier that describes an action that is performed in conformance with some standard or conventional or required way of doing things.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'canonically' in Wordnet:
          1. canonically - (in a canonical manner; 'the deacon was canonically inducted')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Canopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canopy`
Description	`NOTE the subtype ''Marquee'' is usually made of rigid materials, not cloth. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'canopy' in WordNet: 3. canopy - (a covering (usually of cloth) that serves as a roof to shelter an area from the weather)`
Super-classes	Shelter^c
Restrictions	typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fabric^c
Sub-classes	Sunshade^c Marquee^c

Cantor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cantor

Description

Leader of a jewish congregations who chants at services.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cantor' in WordNet:
        2. cantor, hazan - (the official of a synagogue who conducts 
             the liturgical part of the service and sings or chants 
             the prayers intended to be performed as solos)

Super-classes Cleric^c

Canvas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canvas`
Description	The Substance ''Canvas'' a heavy fabric.Among other uses, it is used as the base for oil painting. NOTE: '''CanvasType'' was defined ad hoc for For use with @Pellet when defining ''Canvas''. `RHW: 1. a closely woven, heavy cloth of cotton, hemp, or linen, used for tents, sails, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canvas' in WordNet: 1. (7) canvas, canvas fabric, canvass, canvass fabric - (a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents))`
Super-classes	Fabric^c OrganicSubstance^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thick^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foldable^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op some CanvasType^c
Sub-classes	Tarpaulin^c

CanvasSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanvasSheet`
Description	A ''CanvasSheet'' is a sheet made of ''Canvas'', of any size. It can be large,such as the sheets spread on a baseball field when rain is falling.
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Canvas^c

CanvasTent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanvasTent`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canvas tent' in WordNet: 1. canvas tent, canvas, canvass - (a tent made of canvas fabric)`
Super-classes	Tent^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Canvas^c
Sub-classes	CircusTent^c

CanvasType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanvasType`
Description	''CanvasType'' is a specialized subtype of ''FabricType'' included to permit referencing the small list of fabrics that can be used in ''Canvas''. For use with @Pellet
Super-classes	FabricType^c
Members	Linen Denim Tarpaulin Hemp Towelling Canvas

Canyon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canyon`
Description	A deep, narrow valley with very steep sides and a river flowing through the bottom. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canyon' in WordNet: 1. (5) canyon, canon - (a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall)`
Super-classes	Valley^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColoradoBlackCanyon

Cap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cap`
Description	A type of Hat. In WordNet, 'cap' is not a subtype of Hat, but a sister type, both under 'headgear' A ''Cap'' may or may not have projecting brim (a ''Visor''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cap' in WordNet: 1. (10) cap - (a tight-fitting headdress)`
Super-classes	Hat^c
Sub-classes	Beret^c Skullcap^c Mortarboard^c SailorCap^c

Capability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capability`
Description	COSMO: a Capability is an attribute of some physical object or PhysicalSubstance that specifies some role that that object or substance may play in events or processes. This is a very broad concept, including participation in actions (as agent or instrument or object acted on) and passive processes. Linguistically, 'Capability' is a nominalized form of 'capable', but in COSMO the adjective and nominalized form are represented as a single concept. In general, it is not necessary or desirable to list all the roles that an object may play, as in many cases those roles may be very numerous. This 'attribute' would be used rather to indicate the more salient roles that an object can play. For example, a Person who has a particular talent or skill could have that skill specified (e.g. 'AbilityToDanceTheTango'); a company that can make a particular product would have that capability specified (e.g. 'AbilityToManufactureWidgets'). For people, Capabilities to do specific actions often come in a wide range of degrees of expertise. Another important 'Capability' is categorized under the subtype 'Tendency', which specifies the way that an object is likely to behave; the tendency of non-living organic material to decompose when not frozen is an example of such a tendency. See 'Tendency' for additional discussion of that subtype. NOTE that to have a Capability does not mean that it is possible for the agent to perform that action at any time, or even that the agent has performed that action. There may be motivational inhibitions or blocking conditions that prevent an agent from exercising a Capability at any given time and place. NOTE that Having an 'Ability' is being able to perform a certain kind of Action. For Attributes that are abilities, the representation in COSMO uses the term 'Ability' to refer to the AttributeType, and 'Capability' to refer to the AttributeValue. This is somewhat arbitrary, as these distinctions are not clearly reflected in linguistic usage. This is commonly used for people, but is also applicable to the capabilities of machines,animals, or anything that can act as an agent in an Action. NOTE that artifacts are presumed to be able to perform their 'DesignFunction', but that cannot be a 'capability' since a 'DesignFunction' is an Event, whereas a 'Capability' is an AttributeValue, disjoint with Events. NOTE that for People with a ''Capability'' there is usually some degree of ''ProceduralKnowledge'' that is associated with that ''Capability''. In COSMO that is repreented as: ''Capabiity'' ''hasPart'' ''ProceduralKnowledge. Each CapabilityType represents the ability to serve in some Role in some type of Action or Event. The RoleType and ActionType are specified by the relations 'isAbilityToServeInRole' and 'isAbilityToServeInActionType', respectively. For any given Capability Type, the Roles and ActionTypes specified are interpreted to mean that the entity having that capability can serve in any of those Roles, in any of those Actions. But is is understood that for any given situation, there may be circumstances that prevent the Agent or Object from serving in that Role. The Roles may be as Agent, to initiate events, or as Instrument, to facilitate the actions of an Agent. @ToDO: do computer programs have Capabilities or only the computer that runs the program? If the program itself has capability, then this attribute would not be a property only of PhysicalObjects. How to specify that a ''ComputerProgram'' enables a computer to do things? Not resolved as of v0.48. Similar to a learned capability? Is a ComputerProgram a form of learning - at least when installed? To dissect individual capabilities, it is useful to create instances of the subtypes of this Type (InstrumentCapability or AgentCapability), and each of those instances should specify exactly what type of Action the role (Agent or Instrument) is effective in. A Capability will usually be labeled with an infinitive verbal form, with or without an object, such as 'ToDance' or 'ToEnableTelecommunication'. Each subtype of Capability is a role in some type of action that some Object can perform or assist in performing. One subtype of this is 'Function', specifically a type of action for which an object has been designed, either by some IntelligentAgent or by Evolution. Capabilities generally have more than one degree - as in 'Intelligence'. In CYC, classes representing types of capability are signaled by making them instances of a metaclass of 'capabilities'. COSMO avoids metaclasses except where necessary to serve as the type restriction on a relation's argument. Thus 'CapabilityType' is defined for that purpose. Instead of asserting a Capability on an Object, where the Role and ActionType are referenced by the CapabilityType, it is also possible oin COSMO to directly specify that an Object can serve as an Agent or Instrument by use of relations on instances or Types of Objects: canServeAsAgentInActionType canServeAsInstrumentInActionType . . . but the rules relating the logical implications of these assertions and those of asserting a CapabilityType are not representable in a simple OWL format. Extensions may use SWRL for this. The relation between a 'Capability' and the actual instance of physical action is 'wasRealizedByAction'. @ToDo: more elaboration needed (v0.45). Higher-arity relations would be useful here: {{?x hasCapability ?y} impliesThat {?x canPerformRole ?ROLE inEventType ?EVENTTYPE}} NOTE the triangular relation: an Artifact hasDesignFunction which is a CapabilityType, A Capability or Function wasRealizedByAction which is an instance of an Event or Action Type. see also 'ableToAffect' Cyc NOTE: Cyc has several higher-arity relations that relate an object or person to their ability or intended function. Similar relations may be defined when COSMO is convertable to FOL ****** QuaternaryPredicate rdf:ID='actsInCapacity'> rdfs:comment The predicate #$actsInCapacity indicates the capacity in which an agent participates in certain kinds of actions. (#$actsInCapacity AGENT ROLE SCRIPT-TYPE CAP) means that the agent AGENT plays the role ROLE in instances of SCRIPT-TYPE, and s/he does that role in the capacity CAP. CAP is a #$CapacityAttribute (q.v.) which describes the AGENT's mode of participation-e.g., as a job, hobby, main function, support function, etc. Contrast three cases of acts of #$GreetingSomeone, when #$performedBy: (1) instances of #$Receptionist, in their #$JobCapacity and as their #$MainFunction; (2) instances of #$FlightAttendant, in their #$JobCapacity but as a #$SupportFunction; and (3) instances of #$TrainEngineer, in a #$HobbyCapacity (though they do it while working, it's not part of their job) /QuaternaryPredicate TernaryPredicate rdf:ID='actsInCapacity-IntendedFunction' rdfs:comment: An instance of #$CapacityPredicate (#$actsInCapacity-IntendedFunction AGENT ROLE EVENT-TYPE) holds just in case when AGENT is performing ROLE in events of type EVENT-TYPE the agent is performing the event as one of its intended functions. For instance, if a stock broker is the buyer of stocks in some #$StockTrading, then (#$actsInCapacity-IntendedFunction Bob-TheStockBroker #$buyer #$StockTrading) holds. /TernaryPredicate TernaryPredicate rdf:ID='actsInCapacity-JobCapacity' rdfs:comment(#$actsInCapacity-JobCapacity AGT ROLE EVT-TYPE) holds just in case AGT's ROLE in acts of EVT-TYPE is in the capacity of a job. /TernaryPredicate **************** Corresponds to parts of noun sense 1 of 'capability' and sense 1 of 'power' and senses 1 and 2 of 'ability' and adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'able' in WordNet; the more specific ability of agents is represented by 'AgentCapability'.: (for the notion of 'could' use 'hasCapability'. in WordNet: 1. (674) power, powerfulness - (possession of controlling influence; 'the deterrent power of nuclear weapons'; 'the power of his love saved her'; 'his powerfulness was concealed by a gentle facade') WN 'capability': 1. (8) capability, capableness - (the quality of being capable - physically or intellectually or legally; 'he worked to the limits of his capability') WN noun 'ability': 1. (20) ability - (the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment) WN adjective 'able': 1. (70) able - ((usually followed by 'to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something; 'able to swim'; 'she was able to program her computer'; 'we were at last able to buy a car'; 'able to get a grant for the project') 2. (7) able, capable - (have the skills and qualifications to do things well; 'able teachers'; 'a capable administrator'; 'children as young as 14 can be extremely capable and dependable') 3. (4) able - (having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity; 'able to learn'; 'human beings are able to walk on two feet'; 'Superman is able to leap tall buildings')
Super-classes	Attribute^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value ProceduralKnowledge^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryCapability^c Efficacy^c InstrumentCapability^c AgentCapability^c Function^c Potentiality^c Flexibility^c FunctionalViability^c Limitation^c AbilityToDissolveSubstance^c

CapabilityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapabilityType`
Description	CapabilityType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Capability as their argument. A 'Capability' is a broad sense, and can be possessed by an Agent, a Device, a ChemicalSubstance, etc. `NOTE that most attributes that can be considered as 'abilities' are represented in COSMO as subtypes of ''Capability''.`
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	LearnedActivityType^c SensoryCapabilityType^c LimitationType^c
In domain of	wasRealizedByAction^op isAbilityToServeInRole^op
In range of	isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability^op
Members	Reflecting Debilitated Decisive TumbleDrying Beefy GoodJudgment ElectiveOffice DealingCards Dehumidifying IntelligenceQuotient FinancialCapability Powerful Prudence AgentCapability OriginalityCapability AcquiredTrait PsychicAbility Containment ControllingAuthority Volition Creativity Computing Heavy-Duty AbilityToCool DesignFunction AbilityToCauseDamage Weaker ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound AbilityToChoose Clout Grip Professionalism Explosion LongTermMemory Talent Objectivity Viability Wan Versatility BlowDrying Authenticity Knack Inefficiency Providence Competence MentalTelepathy DispensingSomething ControlOverOthers EnablingTelecommunication Magnifying Wiseness Might-Social Jurisdiction-Authority Influential Inability AbilityToSwim Formidable-Powerful Imagination Brawny Adroitness EvolutionaryFunction BlottingDry Virtuosity Blotting RegionLimitation ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity Resilience Literacy AbilityToSpeakEnglish Allotting Potentiality Bonging AbilityToDissolveSubstance ShortTermMemory Skillfulness Robust PsychicCommunication AbilityToPerformMagic InstrumentCapability Redistributing Function Dexterity ForeignControl AbilityToSpeakaLanguage SociallyPowerful Restraint ResolvingPower BiologicalReproductionEvent FunctionalViability ConfidentialityTrait ElectricalConduction ControllingaCorporation CompetenceGroup Elasticity AbilityToInfluencePeople SpeakingTwoLanguagesFluently Fecundity AbilityToDoArithmetic HighlyInfluential HighIntelligence Proficiency Neutralized BiologicalFunction AbilityToPerceive AbilityToDance ChemicallyNeutral Light-Duty Ventilating Intelligence Rotation Incompetence AbsorptionEvent DryingClothes Might-Physical SubHumanIntelligence ConvertingSoundIntoElectricalSignals Firepower BirdSong Capability Stronger Discreetness HereditaryTrait Aptitude BeingPennyPinching AbilityToDanceTheWaltz Ductility ConvertingMechanicalEnergyToElectricity MilitaryCapability OutOfPractice DispensingMedication Escalating Expertise Foresight DistributingObjects Weak ExpandingInVolume Subjectivity Flexibility Protecting ForwardMomentum MultipleSkills SupplyingWater Skill ConvertingEnergyForms SocialPower Imagining Malleability Echoing OfficialPower Feeble GeniusAbility HavingaPower Tenuous AbilityToRemember SelfControl

Capacious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capacious

Description

''Capacious'' is a subAttribute of ''Large'' for ''ContainerArtifact''s suggesting that the size of the object characterized is larger than typical for that type of ''ContainerArtifact''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'capacious' in Wordnet:
          1. capacious - (large in capacity; 'she carried a capacious bag')

Super-classes Large^c

Capacitance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capacitance

Description

''Capacitance'' is a subtype of ''PhysicalAttribute'' that measures how much of electrical charge will be stored in a capacitor by the application of a specific level of voltage.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capacitance' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) capacitance, electrical capacity, capacity - (an electrical 
         phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored)

Super-classes Functionattribute^c

Capacitor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capacitor`
Description	CYC: An electrical device used to store electrical charge. `WN word 'capacitance' seems to be out of place here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capacitor' in WordNet: 1. (2) capacitor, capacitance, condenser, electrical condenser - (an electrical device characterized by its capacity to store an electric charge)`
Super-classes	TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c ElectronicComponent^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value StoringElectricalCharge^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Capacitance^c

Cape-Clothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cape-Clothing`
Description	WordNet: 'cape' - sleeveless and shorter than a full cloak or overcoat. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cape' in WordNet: 2. (1) cape, mantle - (a sleeveless garment like a cloak but shorter)`
Super-classes	Wrap^c Cloak^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sleeveless^c

CapeBuffalo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapeBuffalo`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Cape buffalo' in WordNet: 1. Cape buffalo, Synercus caffer - (large often savage buffalo of southern Africa having upward-curving horns; mostly in game reserves)`
Super-classes	OldWorldBuffalo^c

Capillary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capillary`
Description	CYC: The collection of all capillaries. An individual #$Capillary is a small, thin-walled #$BloodVessel in which gases, nutrients, and/or waste products are exchanged between the #$Blood and surrounding body tissues. There are four types of #$Capillary: a #$SystemicCapillary releases #$Oxygen to body tissue while absorbing #$CarbonDioxide and waste products into the #$Blood; a #$PulmonaryCapillary releases #$CarbonDioxide into a #$Lung, while taking up #$Oxygen; an #$IntestinalCapillary accepts nutrients into the #$Blood while also exchanging #$Oxygen and #$CarbonDioxide with intestinal tissue; and a #$HepaticCapillary releases waste products into the #$Liver. `SUMO: A very small BloodVessel that connects arterioles (very small Arteries) with venules (very small Veins). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'capillary' in WordNet: 2. capillary, capillary vessel - (any of the minute blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules)`
Super-classes	BloodVessel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Capital^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capital

Description

Capital is some MoneyObject that has been designated as the money needed to finance some commercial venture. This is closest to sense 6 of 'capital' in RHW: 6. any form of wealth employed or capable of being employed in the production of more wealth. NOTE: this is not a specific quantity of Money, but a subtype of Money - Money with the attribute that it is allocated for use in investment, rather than consumption.

      In COSMO the 'wealth' must be sufficiently liquid to 
      be rapidly converted to currency or its equivalent.

      Corresponds to FIBO 'capital', but instead of a relation to
        Money, this is a subtype of 'MoneyObject', which has some
        'MoneyMeasure' as its value.

      Similar to sense 1 of 'capital' in WordNet:
       1. capital, working capital - (assets available for 
       use in the production of further assets)

Super-classes MoneyObject^c
AbstractObject^c
Role^c

CapitalCity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapitalCity`
Description	In Cyc called 'CapitalCityOfRegion'. In COSMO all 'capitals' of regions are cities. Cyc: A specialization of #$City. Each instance of #$CapitalCityOfRegion is a city that is the capital of its surrounding region. This includes capitals of countries as well as capitals of subregions of countries, such as states, provinces, and counties. Examples include #$CityOfRomeItaly, #$CityOfCardiffWales, #$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfAbidjanIvoryCoast, #$CityOfLhasaTibet, and #$CityOfColumbusOH. See also #$capitalCity and #$capitalCityOfThisState. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'capital' in WordNet: 3. (3) capital - (a seat of government)
Super-classes	City^c
In domain of	isTheCapitalCityOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardiff http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BelgradeSerbia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoscowRussia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashingtonDC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlasgowScotland

Capitalism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capitalism

Description

note that this is an Event Group, not the ideology - this is an economy operating on capitalist principles.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capitalism' in WordNet:
        1. (9) capitalism, capitalist economy -
            (an economic system based on private ownership of capital)

Super-classes MarketEconomy^c

CapitalismAdvocate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapitalismAdvocate`
Description	A ''CapitalismAdvocate'' is a ''ConservativePerson'' who is a strong believer in ''Capitalism'' - the economy operating relatively free of government regulation... `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capitalist' in WordNet: 1. (1) capitalist - (a conservative advocate of capitalism)`
Super-classes	ConservativePerson^c
Restrictions	hasCauseOrAgentSupported^op value Capitalism^c

Capitalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capitalist`
Description	A ''Capitalist'' is an ''Investor'' who invests more than a nominal sum of money in startup companies - possibly including the Investor's own business.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'capitalist' in WordNet: 2. capitalist - (a person who invests capital in a business (especially a large business))`
Super-classes	PartyInRole^c Investor^c
Sub-classes	Financier^c

Capitalized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capitalized`
Description	`''Capitalized'' is the attribute of a ''WrittenWord'' that has been written in'capitalletters;,i.e. was produced by a ''WritingInCapitalLetters'' Action.`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

CapitalizedWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapitalizedWord`
Description	A ''CapitalizedWord'' is a ''WrittenWord'' that is produced by a ''WritingInCapitalLetters'' Action.
Super-classes	WrittenWord^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value WritingInCapitalLetters^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Capitalized^c

CapitalizingOnSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapitalizingOnSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'capitalize' in WordNet: 1. (3) capitalize, capitalise, take advantage - (draw advantages from; 'he is capitalizing on her mistake'; 'she took advantage of his absence to meet her lover')`
Super-classes	Benefiting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hadBeneficiary^op value Self^c

Cappuccino^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cappuccino

Description

A specialization of #$Coffee-Beverage. Each instance of #$Cappuccino is a coffee beverage made from espresso and frothed milk.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cappuccino' in WordNet:
          1. cappuccino, cappuccino coffee, coffee cappuccino - 
             (equal parts of espresso and hot milk topped with cinnamon 
             and nutmeg and usually whipped cream)

Super-classes Coffee^c

CapsicumPepperPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapsicumPepperPlant`
Description	A ''capsicum pepper plant'' is a Genusof the 'Bush''es that includes the ''CayennePepperPlant'' whose fruit is the ''CayennePepper''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capsicum pepper plant' in WordNet: 1. capsicum, pepper, capsicum pepper plant - (any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers)`
Super-classes	Bush^c
Sub-classes	CayennePepperPlant^c

Capsized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capsized`
Description	''Capsized'' is a subattribute of ''Overturned'' for boats turned upside-down on a BodyOfWater.
Super-classes	Overturned^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Boat^c

Capsizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capsizing`
Description	Each ''Capsizing'' is an 'UpsideDownInversion' of a Boat in a BodyOfWater. This can include the transitive and intransitive senses. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'capsize' in WordNet: 1. capsize, turtle, turn turtle - (overturn accidentally; 'Don't rock the boat or it will capsize!')`
Super-classes	UpsideDownInversion^c
Restrictions	occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value BodyOfWater^c isPerformedBy^op value Boat^c

Capsule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capsule`
Description	A ''Capsule'' is a 'small' ''Container'' (can be as large as a capsule in a spacecraft) that is moveable in some manner. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capsule' in WordNet: 1. (2) capsule - (a small container)`
Super-classes	Container^c
Sub-classes	CapsuleContainer^c BodyCapsule^c

CapsuleContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapsuleContainer`
Description	A #$CapsuleContainer is a cylindrical container which completely contains some generic object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capsule' in WordNet: 1. (2) capsule - (a small container)`
Super-classes	CylindricalHollowObject^c Capsule^c StorageConstruct^c
Sub-classes	Drum-Container^c Can^c

Captain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Captain`
Description	A ''CommissionedOfficer'' with Rank intermediate between #$FirstLieutenant-Rank and #$Major-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S.Army, a Captain usually commands an instance of #$Company-UnitDesignation or an instance of #$Battery-UnitDesignation with artillery. The naval rank of 'Captain' is approximately equivalent to the army rank of 'colonel', significantly higher than an army 'Captain'. This type is for all ranks called 'Captain' but they are not of equivalent responsibility in the different services. `NOTE that this applies to the person who holds that rank; the abstract notion of 'rank' as an attribute is not yet (rev1009) represented in COSMO. This is for military (not police) ranks, but includes all branches of the military, senses 1 and 2 of 'captain' in WordNet: 1. (16) captain - (an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant) 2. (14) captain, skipper - (the naval officer in command of a military ship)`
Super-classes	CommissionedOfficer^c
Sub-classes	ArmyCaptain^c NavyCaptain^c

Caption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caption`
Description	A short sequential group of Words (''Phrase'') that serves as a label that concisely conveys a description of the accompanying image or graphical illustration or table. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'caption' in WordNet: 3. caption, legend - (brief description accompanying an illustration)`
Super-classes	Title^c Label^c Phrase^c Group^c LinguisticDescription^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Illustration^c describes^op value Illustration^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

Captioner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Captioner`
Description	A ''Captioner'' is a person who creates a ''Caption''. This type applies both to a one-time Captioner who just adds a caption to a photograph, or to a professional who works for a publication and performs Captioning full-time.
Super-classes	Role^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Captioning^c

Captioning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Captioning`
Description	''Captioning'' is the action of a `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'caption' in WordNet: 1. caption - (provide with a caption, as of a photograph or a drawing)`
Super-classes	Providing^c Writing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Captioner^c hadThingTransferred^op value Caption^c produces^op value Caption^c

Captivating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Captivating

Description

''Captivating'' (syn. 'enchanting') is an AttributeValue of something that causes a Feeling of ''Enchantment' in a Person, a more intense feeling than one of just being 'interested', that includes some degree of 'pleasure'. This is not for things that repel in a deeply interesting way.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'captivating' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) bewitching, captivating, enchanting, enthralling,
            entrancing, fascinating - (capturing interest as if by a spell;
             'bewitching smile'; 'Roosevelt was a captivating speaker';
             'enchanting music'; 'an enthralling book'; 
             'antique papers of entrancing design'; 'a fascinating woman')

Super-classes Interesting^c
Pleasant^c

CaptivatingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaptivatingaPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'captivate' in WordNet: 1. (2) capture, enamour, trance, catch, becharm, enamor, beguile, charm, fascinate, bewitch, - (attract; cause to be enamored; 'She captured all the men's hearts')`
Super-classes	AttractingPeople^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some AttractiveThing^c

Captive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Captive`
Description	A Captive is an Animal (including humans, but if specifically human, use 'Prisoner') that is confined to some small area, often a cage or cell, and is not allowed to leave that area at will. Someone under 'house arrest' or imprisoned in a low-security facility from which a prisoner can walk away is still a 'Captive'. An animal in a pen from which it is not allowed to wander is a 'Captive. The restriction requires that one specify a ''Capturing'' or ''Trapping'' Event by which the ''Captive'' was restrained. Domestic animals allowed free rein are not considered ''Captive''s in this sense (even if occasionally kept in a cage). However,pets mostly kept in cages (birds, hamsters) are included. . Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'captive' in WordNet (but for people use the subtype 'Prisoner'): in WordNet: 1. (1) prisoner, captive - (a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war) 2. (1) captive - (an animal that is confined)
Super-classes	Animal^c Role^c Catch^c
Restrictions	wasAcquiredInEvent^op some (Capturing^c or Trapping^c)
Sub-classes	Prisoner^c

CaptiveAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaptiveAnimal`
Description	A ''CaptiveAnimal'' is an ''NonHumanAnimal'' that is in captivity. This does not necessarily imply that the Animal was captured, it may have been bred in captivity.
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Confined^c
Sub-classes	LaboratoryAnimal^c ZooAnimal^c

Captivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Captivity`
Description	''Captivity'' is a state in which an Animal (usually a Person) has experienced ''Capturing''and is still ''Captured''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'captivity' in WordNet: 1. (2) captivity, imprisonment, incarceration, immurement - (the state of being imprisoned; 'he was held in captivity until he died'; 'the imprisonment of captured soldiers'; 'his ignominious incarceration in the local jail'; 'he practiced the immurement of his enemies in the castle dungeon')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Captured^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Captured^c isPerformedBy^op value Captive^c isCausedBy^op value Capturing^c
Sub-classes	Imprisonment^c

CaptivityAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaptivityAttribute`
Description	A CaptivityAttribute is the AttributeType That points to the question of whether a person or animal is or is not in captivity. All domestic animals would have the status of being in captivity (even if they prefer to stay at home) (@ToDO should be differentiated. At r603 just starting). Values should include 'hostage'.
Super-classes	AssertionalAttribute^c

CaptivityStatus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaptivityStatus`
Description	CaptivityStatus is an Attribute of a person (not an animal) indicating whether that person is in captivity, i.e. is in the custody of someone else. The values 'yes' or 'no' are the answer to the question: is this person in captivity? This is a general captivity status, not discriminating between captivity by police, armed forces, rogue militias, or other individuals. Subtypes can be more specific. (@ToDo: or a relation 'isHeldBy' on this Attribute could be used. Not done r603)
Super-classes	TruthAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasValue^op some YesOrNo^c hasAttributeType^op value CaptivityAttribute^c
In range of	hasCaptivityStatus^op

Captor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Captor`
Description	A ''Captor'' is a Person who has captured some kind of animal,including humans. A ''Captor'' controls the ''Captive' for at least some period of time, though the ''Captive'' may be transferred to another custodian who is not the ''Captor''. `NOTE: the non-Captor custodian should have a different type - perhaps this needs to be expanded in meaning? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'captor' in WordNet: 1. (1) captor, capturer - (a person who captures and holds people or animals)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Capturing^c controls^op value Captive^c

Captured^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Captured`
Description	''Captured'' is an AttributeValue of an animal (including people) that has been 'captured' by some method. A voluntary surrender without direct threat is not included. `Includes but is braoader than adjective sense 1 of 'captive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) captive, confined, imprisoned, jailed - (in captivity)`
Super-classes	Constrained^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	Imprisoned^c

CapturedImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapturedImage`
Description	A CapturedImage is an AbstractImage that was produced by some ImageCaptureEvent. The production of the CapturedImage must be accompanied by production of a corresponding PhysicalImage in some medium - paper, electronic, plastic, or an other. A single CapturedImage is represented by one or more PhysicalImages, and the CapturedImage exists only as long as one of the physical representations exist. A series of images representing a time sequence (a Movie) consists of multiple CapturedImages, and is classified elsewhere(@ToDo). A CapturedImage should represent objective information about the shape-related features of some object(s). An ImageCaptureEvent may be. e.g., taking a photograph, performing an MRI, PET scan, or an X-ray, taking fingerprints, or any other mechanical, electronic, or optical process that creates a representation of the shape of some object without the need for human manipulation of the actual captured image. Therefore painting a picture is not an ImageCaptureEvent, and a painting is not a CapturedImage in this sense. Infrared photographs that represent a temperature distribution over some physical object are CapturedImages, providing that the shape relations of the parts are preserved. A photograph (abstract) at any wavelength is a CapturedImage. NOTE that a device that creates an image by means other than simple photography may still produce a CapturedImage. An ElectronMicroscope produces a CapturedImage. However, a spectrograph that produces an image of the spectrum of a substance or sample does not produce a CapturedImage. A CapturedImage must represent the shape features (external or internal) of some physical object(s), even if those features are not perceptible through visible light. Representations of other features of physical objects, whether or not those representations are captured on a readable medium, are classified elsewhere. (@ToDo - )
Super-classes	AbstractView^c AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op only ImageCaptureEvent^c
Sub-classes	DigitalPhotograph^c

Capturing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capturing`
Description	The action in which one animal (including people) completes a 'TrappingOrPursuing'' (which can be but need not be some motion on foot or in a vehicle) by catching up (literally or figuratively) with the target of the Pursuit and captures it. This can be the activity of a police detective capturing a suspect after a search, and also of simple physical pursuit, such as of a predator capturing its prey. This also includes recreational pursuing, as in a football game where a player runs after and tackles another. This does not necssarily include holding the animal physically, as a Person could walk into a police station and surrender voluntarily. `This does not include 'capturing' a chess piece in a game of chess, or a similar board game, or 'capturing' an image in a camera. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'capture' and sense 5 of 'catch' and sense 11 of 'get' in WordNet: 3. (4) get, catch, capture - (succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase; 'We finally got the suspect'; 'Did you catch the thief?')`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Catch^c typicallyFinishes^op value TrappingOrPursuing^c causes^op value Captivity^c
Sub-classes	CapturingAnAnimal^c Arresting^c Kidnapping^c Recapturing^c

CapturingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapturingAnAnimal`
Description	''CapturingAnAnimal'' is a ''Capturing'' of a NonHumanAnimal. This can be done by a 'trapper' or an animal control officer, or by a petnapper, or a Cowboy lassoing a steer, among others.
Super-classes	Capturing^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some NonHumanAnimal^c resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value NonHumanAnimal^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Captured^c
Sub-classes	Fishing^c Petnapping^c Lassoing^c

CapuchinMonkey^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapuchinMonkey

Description

CYC: 'Capuchin': A specialization of #$Monkey. The Capuchin monkey belongs to the family Cebidae. There are five different species of Capuchin monkeys.

      NOTE: WN has only one species - this should represent all 5
        until differentiation is needed.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'capuchin' in WordNet:
        2. capuchin, ringtail, Cebus capucinus - 
           (monkey of Central America and South America having thick hair
             on the head that resembles a monk's cowl)

Super-classes Monkey^c

Capybara^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Capybara

Description

an aquatic rodent.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capybara' in WordNet:
        1. capybara, capibara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris -
           (pig-sized tailless South American amphibious rodent 
           with partly webbed feet; largest living rodent)

Super-classes Rodent^c

CarDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarDoor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'car door' in WordNet: 1. (1) car door - (the door of a car)`
Super-classes	MechanicalAutoPart^c Door^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Automobile^c
Sub-classes	RoadVehicleSideDoor^c RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor^c

CarHood^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarHood

Description

usually in the front of a car, sometimes in the back - wherever the engine is. Typicvally oriented horizontally, but is often slanted somewhat.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hood' in Wordnet:
          5. hood, bonnet, cowl, cowling - (protective covering consisting of a
             metal part that covers the engine; 'there are powerful engines under 
             the hoods of new cars'; 'the mechanic removed the cowling in order to 
             repair the plane's engine')

Super-classes DryObject^c
PortalCovering^c
VehiclePart^c
Artifact-NonAgentive^c
ManufacturedGoods^c
AutoPart^c
SheetArtifact^c

CarPool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarPool`
Description	A ''CarPool'' is a GroupOfPeople who join together regularly - usually every working day - to commute in one of the vehicles owned by one of the members. The vehicle used on any given day will usually rotate among those of the members of the pool. It is possible for a member to not have a car. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'car pool' in WordNet: 1. car pool - (a small group of car drivers who arrange to take turns driving while the others are passengers)`
Super-classes	BandOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some AutomobileDriver^c

CarSalesPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarSalesPerson`
Description	CYC ('CarDealer') The collection of persons who negotiate with a potential buyer of a car, find out what they want, and describe what is available. `The WN 'car dealer' is the business, not the Person.`
Super-classes	SalesPerson^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value AutoDealer^c sells^op value Automobile^c

Carafe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carafe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carafe' in WordNet: 1. carafe, decanter - (a bottle with a stopper; for serving wine or water)`
Super-classes	ServingVessel^c Bottle^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op min 1

Caramel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caramel

Description

A chewy candy made from caramelized sugar.

    NOTE: this is the substance ''Caramel'', not a type of  ''CandyObject''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caramel' in WordNet:
        1. caramel - (firm chewy candy made from caramelized sugar and butter and milk)

Super-classes Candy^c

CaramelizedSugar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaramelizedSugar

Description

''CaramelizedSugar'' is a processed form of ''TableSugar'' that turns it brown..

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caramelized sugar' in WordNet:
         1. caramel, caramelized sugar - (burnt sugar; 
             used to color and flavor food)

Super-classes TableSugar^c

CaravanVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaravanVehicle`
Description	A ''CaravanVehicle'' (i.e. a 'caravan') is a ''RecreationalVehicle'' having toilet and usually kitchen facilities that allow it to be used as the sole living quarters. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caravan' in WordNet: 2. van, caravan - (a camper equipped with living quarters)`
Super-classes	CampingVehicle^c
Restrictions	contains^op value Bed^c contains^op value Toilet^c

Carbide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carbide`
Description	COSMOnote: CYC has thisas an 'organic compound' but most carbides are inorganic. Having a carbon atom is not sufficient to qualify as 'organic' by the traditional definition, which COSMO follows. `CYC: A specialization of #$OrganicCompound. Instance of #$Carbide are binary solid compounds of #$Carbon with another element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbide' in WordNet: 1. carbide - (a binary compound of carbon with a more electropositive element)`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Carbon^c

Carbohydrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carbohydrate`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents the technical meaning 'carbohydrate', which may include types (such as opticla isomers) that are not metabolizable. Metabolizable carbohydrates that may serve as Food are represented as the subtype ''MetabolizableCarbohydrate'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbohydrate' in WordNet: 1. carbohydrate, saccharide, sugar - (an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain)`
Super-classes	MolecularStuff^c Alcohol^c
Sub-classes	MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c Sugar-Generic^c Monosaccharide^c Polysaccharide^c

Carbon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carbon`
Description	The element with six protons in each nucleus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbon' in WordNet: 1. (10) carbon, C, atomic number 6 - (an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds)`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c
Sub-classes	Graphite^c Soot^c DiamondSubstance^c Fullerene^c

CarbonAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarbonAtom`
Description	One atom of ''Carbon''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbon atom' in WordNet: 1. carbon atom - (an atom of carbon)`
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Carbon^c hasProtonCount^dp value 6^c

CarbonCompound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarbonCompound`
Description	Any ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' containing ''Carbon''
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Carbon^c
Sub-classes	OrganicCompound^c Urea^c AcrylateCompound^c BiochemicalCompound^c Chloroform^c CarbonHalide^c

CarbonDioxide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarbonDioxide

Description

The compound with one carbon and two oxygens in each molecule - CO2.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbon dioxide' in WordNet:
       1. (4) carbon dioxide, CO2, carbonic acid gas -
          (a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration 
            and by the decomposition of organic substances; 
            absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis)

Super-classes Gas^c
Dioxide^c

CarbonHalide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarbonHalide`
Description	`Any ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' having a halogen atom singly bonded to a carbon atom.`
Super-classes	CarbonCompound^c Halide^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Halogen^c
Sub-classes	Chloroform^c

CarbonMonoxide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarbonMonoxide

Description

''CarbonMonoxide'' is a ChemicalCompound that has one ''Oxygen''' atom bound to one ''Carbon'' atom,and no other atoms in each molecule.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbon monoxide' in WordNet:
          1. carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide gas, CO - (an odorless very poisonous gas 
               that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon)

Super-classes ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Oxide^c
Gas^c

Carbonated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carbonated

Description

''Carbonated'' is an Attribute of a ''LiquidSubstance'' or ''LiquidObject'' that has a content of ''CarbonDioxide'' whose partial pressure exceeds the pressure of ''CarbonDioxide'' in the air, and therefore will emit ''CarbonDioxide'', by bubbling if the pressure inside the container is reduced, such as by opening it - e.g. by popping the cork. The CarbonDioxide can be generated naturally such as by fermentation, or can be added, as is usual for ''SoftDrink'' ''CarbonatedBeverage''s.

         This does not apply to the CO2 in the Blood or other fuids inside Organisms, because 
            that CO2 is in equilibrium with the outside atmospheric CO2, except for a slight overpressure
            released by respiration.

         When the pressure keeping the CarcbonDioxide in solution is released
         and bubbles of CO2 are formed the liquid also becomes ''Effervescent''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'carbonated' in Wordnet:
          1. carbonated - (having carbonation (especially artificially carbonated))

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CarbonatedBeverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarbonatedBeverage`
Description	Beverage carbonated (having carbon dioxide in supersaturated concentration) either naturally (springs) or artificially.
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c Beverage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Effervescent^c
Sub-classes	SparklingWine^c SeltzerWater^c SoftDrink^c Beer^c

CarboxylGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarboxylGroup`
Description	An AtomGroup that is part of a larger Molecule, consisting of a carbon bound to two oxygens, in which one of the oxygens has a hydrogen bound, and in which the carbon is also bound to another atom: the carboxyl group (-CO2H). `Characteristic Constituent of organic acids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carboxyl group' in WordNet: 1. carboxyl, carboxyl group - (the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids)`
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasChemicalFormula^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_COOH^c isaCharacteristicPartOf^op value OrganicAcid^c

Carburetor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carburetor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carburetor' in WordNet: 1. carburetor, carburettor - (mixes air with gasoline vapor prior to explosion)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c MechanicalDevice^c VehiclePart^c

Carcass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carcass`
Description	The dead body of ''NonHumanAnimal''. This type is only for a ''NonHumanAnimal'' corpse that recently died and is potentially useful for some purpose, such as its skin or meat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carcass' in WordNet: 1. (2) carcase, carcass - (the dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food)`
Super-classes	Corpse^c
Restrictions	wasOfType^op value NonHumanAnimal^c

Carcinogen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carcinogen`
Description	Each subtype of 'Carcinogen' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' (often but not necessarily a defined chemical substance) that, when in contact with an animal, may induce cancers. `This need a specialized medical relation to express the notion of 'exposure to' (?'whenExposedToInduces''?? - see allergen) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carcinogen' in WordNet: 1. carcinogen - (any substance that produces cancer)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value Cancer^c induces^op value Cancer^c

Carcinogenic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carcinogenic

Description

''Carcinogenic'' is an attribute of ''PhysicalSubstance''s that can cause ''Cancer'' when resent in an Animal's body. Such substances are termed ''Carcinogen''s when their ''Carcinogenic'' activity is recognized.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'carcinogenic' in Wordnet:
     1. carcinogenic - (causing or tending to cause cancer; 
         "the carcinogenic action of certain chemicals")

Super-classes Poisonous^c
Effective^c

Carcinoma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carcinoma`
Description	animal tissue Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carcinoma' in WordNet: 1. carcinoma - (any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer)
Super-classes	MalignantTumor^c
Restrictions	wasBiologicallyDerivedFrom^op value EpithelialTissue^c

Card^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Card`
Description	An instance of #$ExistingObjectType, and a specialization of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject. Each instance of #$Card is a small, sturdy sheet of stuff - usually cardstock paper, although it could be plastic or thin metal - bearing some kind of information. Specializations of #$Card include #$CreditCard, #$BusinessCard, and #$PostCard. Note that electronic objects that perform the same functions as some instances of #$Card (for example, electronic greeting cards) are not instances of #$Card. NOTE: for an 'identity card' use ''IDDocument''. for a ''PlayingCard'' for games, use subtype ''PlayingCard'' for a 'greeting card' use subtype ''GreetingCard''. NOTE: the restriction 'Stiff' implies that a Card is stiffer than a piece of paper of 24 pound or lower stock. Includes senses 4 and 7 of 'card' in WordNet - i.e. any kind of card made of stiff paper: in WordNet: 4. card - (thin cardboard, usually rectangular) 7. calling card, visiting card, card - (a printed or written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited)
Super-classes	HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c SmallRigidSheet^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c
Sub-classes	PlayingCard^c Tag^c GreetingCard^c CreditCard^c CallingCard^c PostCard^c

CardDealer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardDealer`
Description	A ''CardDealer'' is the Player who 'deals' (distributes) the cards in a CardGame `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dealer' in WordNet: 5. dealer - (the person who distributes the playing cards in a card game)`
Super-classes	CardPlayer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DealingCards^c

CardGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardGame`
Description	Any of a large variety of Games that use a deck of playing cards, or part of a deck, usually but not necessarily played indoors, while sitting. Not an athletic sport. NOTE that this is not the act of playing cards (use 'PlayingACardGame'), but the specification for the game. `NOTE: that this type of Game is one that uses a traditional deck of cards; not every game that uses cards is a 'CardGame'; many board games use cards, and the Tarot deck is not a traditional set of cards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'card game' in WordNet: 1. card game, cards - (a game played with playing cards)`
Super-classes	Game^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value PlayingACardGame^c
Sub-classes	PokerGame^c BridgeGame^c

CardPlayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardPlayer`
Description	A ''CardPlayer' is a ''Player'' who participates ('plays') in a ''CardGame'' of any kind. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'card player' in WordNet: 1. card player - (someone who plays (or knows how to play) card games)`
Super-classes	Player^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value CardGame^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value PlayingACardGame^c
Sub-classes	CardDealer^c

CardSuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardSuit`
Description	A ''CardSuit'' is any one of the four traditional 'suits' of playing cards. The 'joker' does not have a suit. The suits are named in the plural (spades hearts, diamonds, clubs), and the singular can represent a particular type of card ('a spade', 'a club') in that suit. Each ''CardSuit'' is a ''Group'' of cards of one particular suit, and each card of that suit ''isaComponentElementOf'' that suit. WN usage of 'suit' differs from this COSMO usage; the WN usages is closer to the meanigs of ''SpadeCard'' HeartCard'' ''ClubCard'' and ''DiamondCard" Most closely corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'suit' in WordNet: 3. (3) suit - (playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color; 'a flush is five cards in the same suit'; 'in bridge you must follow suit'; 'what suit is trumps?')
Super-classes	Group^c Sort^c
Sub-classes	Diamonds^c Hearts^c Clubs^c Spades^c

CardSuitType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardSuitType`
Description	''CardSuitType'' is a metatype used to allow specifying which of the four traditional card suits a particular card belongs to.
Super-classes	GroupType^c
Members	Hearts CardSuit Diamonds Spades Clubs

Cardboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardboard`
Description	A thick form of 'Paper' in a sheet-like form, often laminated and formed of layers using glue as adhesive.. In RHW this is a subtype of 'pasteboard' but as of v0.49 'pasteboard' is not represented in COSMO, so this type serves also for 'pasteboard'. `RHW: 1. a thin, stiff pasteboard, used for signs, boxes, etc. RHW (pasteboard) 1. a stiff, firm board made of sheets of paper pasted or layers of paper pulp pressed together. in WordNet: 1. (1) cardboard, composition board - (a stiff moderately thick paper)`
Super-classes	Paper^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c

CardboardBox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardboardBox`
Description	A Box made mostly of Cardboard (some tape or staples or strapping tape may also be used). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'carton' in WordNet: 2. carton - (a box made of cardboard; opens by flaps on top)`
Super-classes	Box^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Cardboard^c

Cardiac^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardiac

Description

      Also 'coronary' as per RHW 'coonary':
          1.  of or pertaining to the human heart, with respect to health.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cardiac' in Wordnet:
        1. cardiac - (of or relating to the heart; 'cardiac arrest')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Cardigan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardigan`
Description	A sweater which opens in front. Corresponds (sort of) to noun sense 1 of 'cardigan' in WordNet (??this is a sweater, not a 'jacket' in the usual sense - but in WN it is a subtype of 'sweater'): in WordNet: 1. cardigan - (knitted jacket that is fastened up the front with buttons or a zipper)
Super-classes	Sweater^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Button^c

Cardinal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardinal

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cardinal' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) cardinal, central, fundamental, key, primal - 
             (serving as an essential component; 'a cardinal rule'; 
             'the central cause of the problem'; 'an example that was fundamental to the argument'; 
             'computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure')

Super-classes Salient^c
Basic^c

CardinalBird^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardinalBird

Description

For the Catholic high-ranking Bishop use ''CatholicCardinal''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardinal' in WordNet:
         4. cardinal, cardinal grosbeak, Richmondena Cardinalis, Cardinalis cardinalis, redbird - 
           (crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male)

Super-classes Finch^c

Cardinality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardinality

Description

A property type of a Set, Group, or List specifying the number of elements contained in that aggregate. Note that this is the attribute type, and the attribute values are represented as instances of CardinalityValue.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardinality' in WordNet:
       1. cardinality - ((mathematics) the number of elements in a set or group 
         (considered as a property of that grouping))

Super-classes GroupAttribute^c
Size^c

CardinalityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardinalityValue`
Description	A property of a Group or Set: A nonnegative whole number, together with the UnitOfMeasure 'elements'. `NOTE that 'Cardinality' and 'Dimensionality' are often expressed as pure numbers, but in COSMO as AttributeValues actually have a 'UnitOfMeasure' associated with the number. For convenience, the datatype properties 'hasCardinalityNumber' and 'hasDimensionalityNumber' are defined with datatype integers as the value. Approximately similar to WordNet noun sense 1 of 'count': in WordNet: 1. (4) count - (the total number counted; 'a blood count')`
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#elements^c hasQuantifier^op some NonnegativeInt^c
Sub-classes	NumberOfThings^c Another^c Numerous^c
In range of	hasCardinality^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CARD_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CARD_1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CARD_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CARD_3

Cardiologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardiologist`
Description	CYC: Cardiologists are doctors who specialize in the study and care of the heart, its actions and diseases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiologist' in WordNet: 1. cardiologist, heart specialist, heart surgeon - (a specialist in cardiology; a specialist in the structure and function and disorders of the heart)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Cardiology^c

Cardiology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardiology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiology' in WordNet: 1. cardiology - (the branch of medicine dealing with the heart and its diseases)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Cardiologist^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Heart^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value CardiovascularDisease^c

CardiopulmonaryExercise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardiopulmonaryExercise`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiopulmonary exercise' in WordNet: 1. cardiopulmonary exercise - (exercise intended to strengthen the circulatory system)`
Super-classes	ExercisingEvent^c
Restrictions	improves^op value Lung^c improves^op value CirculatorySystem^c improves^op value Heart^c
Sub-classes	Aerobics^c

Cardiovascular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cardiovascular`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cardiovascular' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cardiovascular - (of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels; 'cardiovascular conditioning')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

CardiovascularDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardiovascularDisease`
Description	A ''CardiovascularDisease'' is a ''Disase'' affecting the ''Heart'' and/or blood vessels. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiovascular disease' in WordNet: 1. cardiovascular disease - (a disease of the heart or blood vessels)`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Heart^c
Sub-classes	Hypertension^c

CardiovascularSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardiovascularSystem`
Description	The system consisting of the Heart and all of the blood vessels. NOTE: this type does not include the lymphatic system. Online " Cardiovascular means 'having to do with the heart and blood vessels'. Your cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system. Your heart, arteries, veins, and lungs all work together to circulate nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to every single part of your body. " NOTE that the number of ''Heart''s is set to 1 - normally there is only one, but these days it is possible to have a piggy-back' heart implant, giving a Person more than one heart. Perhaps a maximum of 2? or even 3? Anyone know? Also note that the ''heart'' is specified as a 'Physicalpart'' rather than an ''OrganicPart'' to allow for artificial hearts to be included as a (nontraditional) part of the 'CardiovascularSystem'' in certain people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiovascular system' in WordNet: 1. circulatory system, cardiovascular system - (the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body)
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c PhysiologicalSystem^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 1 hasOrganicPart^op min 20

CareOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CareOrganization`
Description	The SUMO term for 'MedicalCareOrganization'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Carefree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carefree`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'carefree' in Wordnet: 1. (4) carefree, unworried - (free of trouble and worry and care; 'the carefree joys of childhood'; 'carefree millionaires, untroubled financially')`
Super-classes	Untroubled^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Lighthearted^c

Careful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Careful`
Description	Includes adjective sense 2 of 'careful' (sense 1 is ''Cautious'') and part of sense 1 (not including 'cautious') and senses 1,2, and 3 of 'heedful' and sense 4 of 'thoughtful' and sense 1 of 'conscientious' in WordNet: 1. (19) careful - (exercising caution or showing care or attention; 'they were careful when crossing the busy street'; 'be careful to keep her shoes clean'; 'did very careful research'; 'careful art restorers'; 'careful of the rights of others'; 'careful about one's behavior') 2. (2) careful, heedful - (cautiously attentive; 'careful of her feelings'; 'heedful of his father's advice') WN adjective 'heedful': 1. heedful, attentive, thoughtful, paying attention - (taking heed; giving close and thoughtful attention; 'heedful of the warnings'; 'so heedful a writer'; 'heedful of what they were doing') 2. careful, heedful - (cautiously attentive; 'careful of her feelings'; 'heedful of his father's advice') 3. advertent, heedful - (giving attention)
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Thoughtful^c Gingerly^c Considerate^c Painstaking^c Unfailing^c

Carefully^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carefully`
Description	''Carefully'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the action had the property ''Cautious'' (was performed with caution). `Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'carefully' in Wordnet: 2. (7) cautiously, carefully, with kid gloves - (with caution or prudence or tact; 'she ventured cautiously downstairs'; 'they handled the incident with kid gloves')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Gingerlyly^c

Caregiver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caregiver`
Description	A ''Caregiver'' is a ''Carer'and a ''Guardian' of some Person who needs some form of help or supervision. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caregiver' in WordNet: 2. caregiver - (a person who is responsible for attending to the needs of a child or dependent adult)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c Carer^c Guardian^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value TakingCareOfaPerson^c

Careless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Careless`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling Carelessnes. This can be due to a lack of attention while performing a task, or a general lack of concern about possible hazards. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'careless' in WordNet: 1. (4) careless - (marked by lack of attention or consideration or forethought or thoroughness; not careful; 'careless about her clothes'; 'forgotten by some careless person'; 'a careless housekeeper'; 'careless proofreading'; 'it was a careless mistake'; 'hurt by a careless remark')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Slipshod^c Negligent^c

Carelessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carelessness`
Description	A static Event during which a person experiences carelessness for some interval of time. `Includes both senses of adjective 'carelessness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) carelessness, sloppiness - (the quality of not being careful or taking pains)`
Super-classes	EmotionalState^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Oversight^c

Carer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carer`
Description	A ''Carer'' is a ''Person'' 'cares for' one or more other animals, usually a person.; this Person performs a ''TakingCareOfSomething'' Action NoWn sense. RHW has sense 4 for 'caretaker', close to this meaning: 4. a person who takes care of another. `See more specific subtype ''Caregiver'' who takes care of a '''Person''.`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some TakingCareOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	Gardener^c Caregiver^c

Caressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caressing`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which someone is caressed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'caress' in WordNet: 1. (5) caress - (touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner; 'He caressed her face'; 'They caressed in the back seat of the taxi') WN noun 'caress': 1. (2) caress - (a gentle affectionate stroking (or something resembling it); 'he showered her with caresses'; 'soft music was a fond caress'; 'the caresses of the breeze played over his face')`
Super-classes	NonVerbalCommunicating^c Rubbing^c
Sub-classes	Groping^c

Caretaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caretaker`
Description	Difference from 'custodian'?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caretaker' in WordNet: 1. (1) caretaker - (a custodian who is hired to take care of something (property or a person))`
Super-classes	Custodian^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GuardingProperty^c
Sub-classes	BuildingSuperintendent^c

Cargo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cargo`
Description	Each Cargo (also 'freight') consists of one or more physical objects of transportable size (HumanScaleObjects) that is or was being transported on a TransportationDevice in a ''Shipping'' Event, for which a fee was paid in return for the service of carrying the item(s) This is a Role, since items are 'Cargo' only while they are being transported. Something transported without paying a Fee can be represented by the parent ''Load''. Traveller's luggage which is carried for free is not Cargo, but if a traveller carries excess weight and must pay for some item to be carried, that item is Cargo. This is the most general concept of Cargo; there are many subcategories of Cargo, some of which are regulated or taxed in specific ways by authorities that regulate shipping. NOTE that as a Group, this could be one or more items considered as a unit. NOTE that Cargo is a Role that must be related to some TransportationEvent. But some TransportationEvents transport only pasengers, so the opposite is not necessarily true. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cargo' in WordNet: 1. (3) cargo, lading, freight, load, loading, payload, shipment, consignment - (goods carried by a large vehicle)
Super-classes	Load^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op value Shipping^c
Sub-classes	ShipsCargo^c

CargoShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CargoShip`
Description	A ''CargoShip'' is a ''Ship'' that has as its primary design purpose the transport of cargo (as contrasted with passengers). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cargo ship' in WordNet: 1. cargo ship, cargo vessel - (a ship designed to carry cargo)`
Super-classes	Ship^c
Sub-classes	OilTanker^c ContainerShip^c

CargoVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CargoVessel`
Description	A CargoVessel is a Vessel designed with a primary purpose to transport cargo, rather than passengers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cargo vessel' in WordNet: 1. cargo ship, cargo vessel - (a ship designed to carry cargo)`
Super-classes	Vessel^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Cargo^c

Caribbean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caribbean`
Description	Not in WN. RHW adj 'Caribbean': 1. pertaining to the Caribs, the Lesser Antilles, or the Caribbean Sea and its islands.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Caricature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caricature`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caricature' in WordNet: 1. caricature, imitation, impersonation - (a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect)`
Super-classes	Humor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Humorous^c
Sub-classes	Parody^c

CaricaturingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaricaturingSomeone`
Description	''CaricaturingSomeone'' is a subtype of ''MockingSomeone'' by performing ''Mimcry'' of that Person, in a humorous manner intended to cause others to consider the Person mocked to be silly or ridiclous. This can be done writing or in performing an imitation, or in a drawing (sketch) that represents the Persn caricatured. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'caricature' in WordNet: 1. (1) caricature, ape - (represent in or produce a caricature of; 'The drawing caricatured the President')`
Super-classes	MockingSomeone^c Mimicry^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Caricature^c

CaringAboutSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaringAboutSomething`
Description	Each 'CaringAboutSomething' is a stative Event (an Event in which some property stays constant - often called a 'state'), during which some 'IntentionalAgent' is concerned to some degree about an existing or possible state of affairs. This captures the notion of 'caring' expressed in phrases such as 'he cares a lot about his children's education' or 'she doesn't care at all about his opinion'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'care' in WordNet: 1. (64) care - (feel concern or interest; 'I really care about my work'; 'I don't care')`
Super-classes	HavingAnOpinion^c ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some (Evaluating^c or Judging^c)

Carjacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carjacking`
Description	A specialization of ''Hijacking'' in which the thing taken is an ''Automobile''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'carjack' in WordNet: 1. carjack - (take someone's car from him by force, usually with the intention of stealing it; 'My car was carjacked last night!') WN noun 'carjacking': 1. carjacking - (the violent theft of an occupied car)`
Super-classes	Hijacking^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op value Automobile^c

CarmineColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarmineColor`
Description	`NOTE: the broad WN synset is broken into different subtypes in COSMO each using the same synset as a label. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ruby-red' in Wordnet: 1. red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet - (of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies)`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	DeepRed-Color^c

Carnation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carnation`
Description	A ''Carnation'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''CarnationPlant''. No sense of 'carnation' in Wordnet for the flower alone.
Super-classes	CutFlower^c
Restrictions	isTheFlowerOfa^op value CarnationPlant^c

CarnationPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarnationPlant

Description

A ''CarnationPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'carnation', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Carnation'' in COSMO.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carnation' in Wordnet:
         1. carnation, clove pink, gillyflower, Dianthus caryophyllus -
            (Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; 
            widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors)

Super-classes GardenPink^c

Carnival^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carnival

Description

Rides, games, food - a carnival.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carnival' in WordNet:
        1. (1) carnival - (a festival marked by merrymaking and processions)

Super-classes Festival^c

Carnivore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carnivore`
Description	In Cyc called 'CarnivoreOrder', a subdivision of Mammal. The restriction requires that a Carnivore feedsOn (typically) 'Meat'. Specific types of Carnivore may feed on specific animals - that can be expressed as a restriction on the subtypes. For carnivorous animals that are not mammals, use 'CarnivorousOrganism' or some subtype of that type. SUMO: The Class of flesh-eating Mammals. Members of this Class typically have four or five claws on each paw. Includes cats, dogs, bears, racoons, and skunks. Cyc 'CarnivoreOrder': An instance of #$BiologicalOrder, and a specialization of #$Mammal. Instances of #$CarnivoreOrder are mammals whose teeth are adapted for efficient cutting of meat and tendon. Although instances of #$CarnivoreOrder have teeth adapted for eating meat, not all instances of #$CarnivoreOrder are meat-eaters; #$Bears are omnivorous, while #$PandaBears are usually vegetarians. See also the collection #$Carnivore. NOTE that humans are not classified as Carnivores. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carnivore' in WordNet: 1. carnivore - (a terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal; 'terrestrial carnivores have four or five clawed digits on each limb')
Super-classes	PlacentalMammal^c CarnivorousOrganism^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	Mustelidae^c TasmanianDevil^c Bear^c Canine^c Feline^c Viverrine^c InsectEater^c Procyonid^c HuntingAnimal^c Wolverine^c Seal-Animal^c

Carnivorous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carnivorous

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'carnivorous' in Wordnet:
          2. carnivorous - ((used of plants as well as animals) feeding on animals;
            'carnivorous plants are capable of trapping and digesting 
            small animals especially insects')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c

CarnivorousOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarnivorousOrganism`
Description	AN organism that eats animals - in Cyc includes carnivorous plants. In Cyc called 'Carnivore', but that term is usually reserved for animals, so 'Carnivore' is made a subtype of this category. `Cyc: An #$OrganismClassificationType that classifies organisms by their typical source of food. Instances of #$Carnivore typically eat animals (or animal parts or animal-derived products) exclusively. Note that #$Carnivore is _not_ an instance of #$BiologicalTaxon (q.v.); cf. #$CarnivoreOrder. Also note that a #$Carnivore is not necessarily a #$Heterotroph; e.g. carnivorous plants both digest insects and produce food using #$Chlorophyll.`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Carnivorous^c
Sub-classes	Carnivore^c

Carousel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carousel`
Description	Merry-go-rounds. A relatively slow-moving, circular, amusement park ride that rotates multiple times in a horizontal plane, in which people sit on carousel 'horses' or benches, usually to the accompaniment of music. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'carousel' in WordNet: 2. carousel, carrousel, merry-go-round, roundabout, whirligig - (large mechanical apparatus with seats for children to ride on)`
Super-classes	AmusementParkRide^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MultirevolutionRotation^c

Carp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carp`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carp' in WordNet: 2. carp - (any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae)`
Super-classes	CypriniformFish^c FreshWaterFish^c
Sub-classes	Goldfish^c

Carpel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carpel`
Description	A carpel is the part of a flower which encloses ovules; the female spore-bearing structures. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carpel' in WordNet: 1. carpel - (a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil)`
Super-classes	Pistil^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Flower^c

Carpenter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carpenter

Description

A person who constructs things or works with wood.

        SUMO: Any occupation that involves creating and repairing 
          Artifacts that are made chiefly of Wood.

             Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carpenter' in Wordnet:
                1. (8) carpenter - (a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects)

Super-classes TradeWorker^c

CarpenterAnt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarpenterAnt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carpenter ant' in WordNet: 1. carpenter ant - (ant that nests in decaying wood in which it bores tunnels for depositing eggs)`
Super-classes	Ant^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Wood^c

CarpentryTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarpentryTool`
Description	CYC: A collection of tools. An instance of #$CarpentryTool is any tool (not limited to hand tools) that is used in carpentry. Examples include table saws, jigsaws, hammers, woodworking tools, etc. By default, a carpenter would be skilled at using such tools.
Super-classes	HardwareTool^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Woodworking^c
Sub-classes	Screwdriver^c Hammer^c WoodworkingTool^c Pliers^c

Carpet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carpet`
Description	An Object (not a substance) that is a thick textile to cover floors, and may be attached (wall-to-wall) or a easily movable rug. `NOTE; the cyc description suggests a substance (material) but this is interpreted as an Object. Cyc: The generic material called carpet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carpet' and sense 1 of 'rug' in WordNet. NOTE that a 'Rug' in COSMO cannot be attached to the floor, therefore is a subtype of this type, which includes both carpets and rugs. in WordNet: 1. (3) rug, carpet, carpeting - (floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile))`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c TextileArtifact^c FloorCovering^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Floor^c
Sub-classes	Rug^c

Carport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carport`
Description	A ''Carport'' is a small ''Outbuilding'' with no walls other than the wall to which it is attached, ground level with direct access to the driveway, and only large enough to park at least one ''Automobile' inside, to allow it to stay out of bad weather, and to permit access without the pasengers being exposed to the weather. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carport' in WordNet: 1. carport, car port - (garage for one or two cars consisting of a flat roof supported on poles)`
Super-classes	ShelterConstruction^c Outbuilding^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value Automobile^c hasPhysicalPart^op value ParkingSpace^c

Carrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carrier`
Description	This is the most general sense of 'carrier', labeling any physical object (including qualities of a physical substance) that physically bears something from one place to another. The more specific subtypes can be added as required, specifying restrictions on what can carry something and what is carried. Includes all noun senses of 'carrier' in WordNet: 1. (3) carrier, bearer, toter - (someone whose employment involves carrying something; 'the bonds were transmitted by carrier') 2. (3) carrier - (a self-propelled wheeled vehicle designed specifically to carry something; 'refrigerated carriers have revolutionized the grocery business') 3. (3) aircraft carrier, carrier, flattop, attack aircraft carrier - (a large warship that carries planes and has a long flat deck for takeoffs and landings) 4. (1) carrier - (an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction) 5. (1) carrier, common carrier - (a person or firm in the business of transporting people or goods or messages) 7. mailman, postman, mail carrier, letter carrier, carrier - (a man who delivers the mail) 8. carrier, newsboy - (a boy who delivers newspapers) 9. carrier, immune carrier - ((medicine) a person (or animal) who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to others) 10. carrier - (a rack attached to a vehicle; for carrying luggage or skis or the like) 11. carrier - ((genetics) an organism that possesses a recessive gene whose effect is masked by a dominant allele; the associated trait is not apparent but can be passed on to offspring)
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Carrying^c
Sub-classes	TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c AircraftCarrier^c SupportingConveyance^c

Carrot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carrot`
Description	The ''Root'' of a ''CarrotPlant''.
Super-classes	Root^c VegetableFoodObject^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isTheBottomPartOf^op value CarrotPlant^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Carrots-Foodstuff^c hasColor^op value OrangeColor^c

CarrotPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarrotPlant

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'carrot' in WordNet:
           2. carrot, cultivated carrot, Daucus carota sativa - (perennial plant 
              widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties 
              for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions)

Super-classes HerbPlant^c

Carrots-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carrots-Foodstuff`
Description	This type ''Carrots-Foodstuff'' is the substance of which a ''Carrot'' consists. This represents the 'stuff' made from''Carrot''s in any form, a quantity of whole carrots, diced, mashed, or sliced, or whatever shape.
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value OrangeColor^c

CarryStrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarryStrap`
Description	A ribbonlike flexible Object designed for attachment to a ''PortableCarrier'' at both ends, to enable convenient carrying. Maximium length less than 6 feet.
Super-classes	StrapHandle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value PortableCarrier^c
Sub-classes	ShoulderStrap^c

Carrying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carrying`
Description	The most generic sense of 'Carrying' in which an animal (including people) or device moves itself in a translation event and in doing so also moves another object which is supported by the animal or device. A pipe that 'carries' a liquid or gas is not included in this sense. Carrying is a Translocation, and for each instance of 'Carrying' that is asserted, the reasoner will have slots to fill in - 'from where?' and 'to where'? Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'carry' and verb sense 4 of 'bear' in WordNet, however the gloss quote 'these pipes carry waste' is not included, since the object doing the carrying must itself move: in WordNet: 1. (75) transport, carry - (move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body; 'You must carry your camping gear'; 'carry the suitcases to the car'; 'This train is carrying nuclear waste'; 'These pipes carry waste water into the river') 2. (36) carry, pack, take - (have with oneself; have on one's person; 'She always takes an umbrella'; 'I always carry money'; 'She packs a gun when she goes into the mountains') WN verb 'bear': 4. (10) bear - (move while holding up or supporting; 'Bear gifts'; 'bear a heavy load'; 'bear news'; 'bearing orders')
Super-classes	TransportationEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SupportingSomething^c
Sub-classes	CarryingByHand^c TakingSomethingAway^c CarryingWhileLocomoting^c Backpacking^c CarryingPassengers^c CarryingLuggage^c CarryingFreight^c Bringing^c

CarryingByHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarryingByHand`
Description	''CarryingByHand'' is a ''Carrying'' by one or two people using only their own hands for lifting power. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'carry' in WordNet: 1. (75) transport, carry - (move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body; 'You must carry your camping gear'; 'carry the suitcases to the car'; 'This train is carrying nuclear waste'; 'These pipes carry waste water into the river')`
Super-classes	Carrying^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HoldingAnObject^c isPerformedBy^op some Person^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c hasObjectMoved^op some PortableObject^c hasSubEvent^op value SupportingSomethingWithTheHand^c
Sub-classes	Lugging^c

CarryingFreight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarryingFreight`
Description	'CarryingFreight'' is a ''TransportationServiceEvent'' in which the thing transprted is a ''Cargo''.
Super-classes	TransportationServiceEvent^c Carrying^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op some (Cargo^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

CarryingLuggage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarryingLuggage`
Description	'CarryingLuggage'' is a ''TransportationServiceEvent'' in which the thing transported is ''Luggage'' (one or more ''PieceOfLuggage''s). This is a common Action at airports, train stations, hotels or Inns; for hotels the destination would to or from the 'room' of the owner of the Luggage from or to her/his vehicle. `This action can be done by hand using some form of cart, but it excludes carrying Luggage in a motor vehicle.`
Super-classes	TransportationServiceEvent^c Carrying^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op value Luggage^c

CarryingOutaTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarryingOutaTask`
Description	Each 'CarryingOutaTask' is an instance of an agent PerformingSomeAction, where the Action performed is an execution of a Plan or assigned function, or ''Task'' or obligated action. Things that can be Fulfilled in this sense include an obligation, demand, a task, a function (of artifacts or people with tasks), a role. Formally, the action performed was done because of a ''Task'' that an agent has in a ''HavingaTask'' situation. `This is usually caused by a ''HavingaTask'' situation. This is 'job' in the sense of 'did a good job', or 'did a bad job' This corresponds to sense 1 of 'fulfill' in WordNet: 1. (10) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') WN noun 'job' 3. (88) job - (the performance of a piece of work; 'she did an outstanding job as Ophelia'; 'he gave it up as a bad job')`
Super-classes	PerformingSomeAction^c Responding^c SolvingaProblem^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some ProblemSituation^c hadActionPerformed^op some Task^c
Sub-classes	ConformingAction^c CopingWithaSituation^c DoingOnesDuty^c

CarryingPassengers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarryingPassengers`
Description	'CarryingPassengers'' is a ''TransportationServiceEvent'' in which the thing transprted is a ''Passenger''.
Super-classes	TransportationServiceEvent^c Carrying^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op some (Passenger^c or PersonType^c)

CarryingWhileLocomoting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarryingWhileLocomoting`
Description	Cyc: A specialization of #$TransportationEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some #$Animal moves by locomotion (cf. #$LocomotionProcess) while holding some physical object, so that the object also moves. Examples include a person carrying a baby. A negative example is a propeller plane towing a glider. Specializations of this collection include #$ServingFoodOrDrink and #$TakingOutTheGarbage. See also #$CarryingFn.
Super-classes	Carrying^c LocomotionEvent^c
Sub-classes	BackpackHiking^c CarryingaRider^c

CarryingaRider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarryingaRider`
Description	A subtype of ''CarryingWhileLocomoting'' in which some type of animal which is an instance of ''RiddenAnimalType'' (usually horse or camel) carries a Person on its back.
Super-classes	LocomotionEvent-Animal^c CarryingWhileLocomoting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some RiddenAnimalType^c hasReciprocalEvent^op some RidingaBeast^c hadTransportedObject^op some Rider^c

Cart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cart`
Description	Any wheeled muscle-powered vehicle, large (drawn by animals) or small (baby carriages). This aggregates three senses in RHW: 1. a heavy two-wheeled vehicle, commonly without springs, drawn by mules, oxen, or the like, used for the conveyance of heavy goods. 2. a light two-wheeled vehicle with springs, drawn by a horse or pony. 3. any small vehicle pushed or pulled by hand. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'cart' in WordNet: 1. (5) cart - (a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal) 2. (1) handcart, pushcart, cart, go-cart - (wheeled vehicle that can be pushed by a person; may have one or two or four wheels; 'he used a handcart to carry the rocks away'; 'their pushcart was piled high with groceries')`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Wagon^c
Sub-classes	Wheelbarrow^c ShoppingCart^c BabyCarriage^c Rickshaw^c

Cartel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cartel`
Description	A ''Cartel'' is a ''Consortium'' with enough economic power to keep prices high, but may not form a 'monopoly' (though they may try). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartel' in WordNet: 1. trust, corporate trust, combine, cartel - (a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service; 'they set up the trust in the hope of gaining a monopoly')`
Super-classes	Consortium^c
Restrictions	wasGatheredForPurpose^op value LimitingCompetition^c

Cartilage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cartilage`
Description	''AnimalTissue'' is a ''Tissue'' produced by and partly consisting an ''Animal''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartilage' in WordNet: 1. (1) cartilage, gristle - (tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults)`
Super-classes	AnimalTissue^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op value Blood^c

CartilaginousFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CartilaginousFish`
Description	A ''CartilaginousFish'' is a fish with cartilage forming the suporting skeleton, rather than bones . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartilaginous fish' in WordNet: 1. cartilaginous fish, chondrichthian - (fishes in which the skeleton may be calcified but not ossified)`
Super-classes	Fish^c
Sub-classes	Shark^c Elasmobranch^c

CartilaginousStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CartilaginousStructure`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartilaginous structure' in WordNet: 1. cartilaginous structure - (body structure given shape by cartilage)`
Super-classes	AnatomicalStructure^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Cartilage^c
Sub-classes	Epiglottis^c

Cartoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cartoon`
Description	A ''Cartoon'' is one or more ''LineDrawing''s that have a humorous or satirical purpose, and may be colored in but are not intended to be detailed or serious 'art'. This is for one or a set (related Group) of StillImages, not for the animated cartoons. NOTE: for this purpose a Series of individual ''Cartoon'' images can be considered as one ''Cartoon'. For specifically representing a Group of related Cartoons published in a series use ''CartoonStrip''. `Political cartoons are often one picture with satirical intent. A series of cartoons with one theme at one time is a 'cartoon strip'.` @mod59 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartoon' in WordNet: 1. (2) cartoon, sketch - (a humorous or satirical drawing published in a newspaper or magazine)
Super-classes	LineDrawing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Humorous^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value Cartoonist^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WitchDroodle

CartoonStrip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CartoonStrip`
Description	A ''CartoonStrip'' is series of ''Cartoon''s with one story line, or a Group of such series, published together, as in the 'funnies' section of a newspaper. @mod59 CYC 'ComicStrip': The collection of all comic strips as #$ConceptualWorks - i.e., those humorous ibo's that appear in newspapers and magazines. #$DickTracy-TheComicStrip is an instance of #$ComicStrip as are individual day's episodes of Dick Tracy. `A 'comic book' would have one or more 'CartoonStrip''s , published in a booklet or magazine form, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartoon strip' in WordNet: 1. comic strip, cartoon strip, strip, funnies - (a sequence of drawings telling a story in a newspaper or comic book)`
Super-classes	FictionalContext^c LineDrawing^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Cartoon^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peanuts-Comics

Cartoonist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cartoonist`
Description	A ''Cartoonist'' is a ''SketchArtist'' who creates ''Cartoon''s and may create a ''CartoonStrip'' and also create the stories that the ''CartoonStrip'' illustrates - but sometimes the stories are created by a different Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartoonist' in WordNet: 1. (3) cartoonist - (a person who draws cartoons)`
Super-classes	SketchArtist^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Cartoon^c

Carved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carved

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'carved' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) carved, carven - (made for or formed by carving 
             ('carven' is archaic or literary);
            'the carved fretwork'; 'an intricately carved door';
            'stood as if carven from stone')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

CarvedArtwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarvedArtwork`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$ArtObjects carved out of stone, wood, metal, etc. #$Statues which are assembled from pieces or molded (e.g. the #$StatueOfLiberty) are not instances of this collection. `This is for 3-D artwork like marble statues. For artwork where the thing depicted is represented by the indentations or grooves in a (relatively) flat surface produced by ''CarvingSomething'' use ''Carving-2D''. Corresponds to part (3-dimensional) of noun sense 1 of 'carving' in WordNet: 1. (2) carving - (a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape)`
Super-classes	Sculpture^c CarvedObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CarvingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Bust^c IceSculpture^c WoodenCarving^c

CarvedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarvedObject`
Description	`A ''CarvedObject'' is an Object produced by ''CarvingSomething''. For an artwork that is a carved object use subtype ''CarvedArtwork''.`
Super-classes	Sculpture^c Collectible^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Carved^c isProducedByEventType^op value CarvingSomething^c
Sub-classes	CarvedArtwork^c

Carving-2D^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Carving-2D`
Description	A ''Carving-2D is a ''TwoDimensionalArtObject'' that is a representation of a two-dimensional image,produced by carving out pieces from the (usually flat) surface of some other object. This includes images on gravestones that are not only letters. This applies only to art objects where the depicted image is represented by the carved out parts of the piece. In certain types of carving, there may be depicted objects protruding from the base. That will be included in ''Carving-3D''. `For 'carvings' where the thing depicted is standing alone without a large base (a 'statue'), or protrudes from a flat base rather than being represented by the indentations where material was removed in 'carving',use ''CarvedArtwork''. Corresponds to part 2-dimensional) of noun sense 1 of 'carving' in WordNet: 1. (2) carving - (a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape)`
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c TwoDimensionalArtObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CarvingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Petroglyph^c

CarvingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarvingFood`
Description	''CarvingFood'' is a ''CarvingSomething'' Action in which a person uses a large knife to cut up (not necessarily only into slices) a largish FoodObject like a turkey or ham. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slice' in Wordnet: 3. (1) slice, slice up - (cut into slices; 'Slice the salami, please')`
Super-classes	CarvingSomething^c
Restrictions	uses^op value CarvingKnife^c hadObjectModified^op some FoodObject^c

CarvingKnife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarvingKnife`
Description	A large pointed knife typically used for carving up large pieces of cooked meat, like a turkey or a ham. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carving knife' in Wordnet: 1. carving knife - (a large knife used to carve cooked meat)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Knife^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CarvingSomething^c

CarvingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CarvingSomething`
Description	''CarvingSomething'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a SolidObject, usually with a knife, to produce one or more smaller objects that have a particular form. This is the general sense, including carving blocks of marble or mountains into figures that resemble people, other objects, or abstract forms. Carving something into slices is the subtype ''SlicingSomething''. The notion of 'sculpting' is included, but can be broken out as a subtype that produces a 'sculpture'. A piece of wood formed into a replica of some object is usually referred to as a 'carving' @ToDo: represent a wood carving. Artwork produced by ''CarvingSomething'' can be a ''Carving-2D'' or a ''Sculpting''. Includes verb senses 1. 2, and part of sense 3 of 'carve' in Wordnet: 1. (9) carve - (form by carving; 'Carve a flower from the ice') 2. (3) carve, chip at - (engrave or cut by chipping away at a surface; 'carve one's name into the bark') 3. carve, cut up - (cut to pieces; 'Father carved the ham')
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c CuttingInPieces^c
Restrictions	produces^op some CarvedObject^c hadObjectModified^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Inscribing^c Sculpting^c SlicingSomething^c Woodcarving^c ChiselingAnObject^c CarvingFood^c

Cascade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cascade`
Description	This ''Cascade'' is a ''Series'' of small ''Waterfalls'' in some steep part of a ''Stream''. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'cascade' in RHW: 2. a series of shallow or steplike waterfalls, either natural or artificial. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'cascade' in WordNet: 1. cascade - (a small waterfall or series of small waterfalls)`
Super-classes	StreamSection^c BodyOfWater^c FlowPath^c Series^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inclined^c hasComponentElement^op min 2

CascadeOfEvents^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CascadeOfEvents

Description

A ''CascadeOfEvents'' is a ''Series'' of Events following in order, each subsequent Event dependent on the preceding Event, leading up to some final resulting situation.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cascade' in WordNet:
          2. cascade - (a succession of stages or operations or processes or units; 
            'progressing in severity as though a cascade of genetic damage was occurring'; 
            'separation of isotopes by a cascade of processes')

Super-classes Succession^c

CascadingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CascadingDown`
Description	''CascadingDown'' is a ''Descending'' in altitude that occurs in stages. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cascade' in WordNet: 1. (1) cascade, cascade down - (rush down in big quantities, like a cascade)`
Super-classes	Series^c MotionDownward^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Descending^c

Case^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Case`
Description	Any of several types of situation that may be referred to in discussion. This is the broadest sense of 'case' and includes several more specific senses. The use of this type implies that there are other 'cases' that might have been or are of relevance. The Random House Webster give nine senses for the general sense of 'situation', excluding the unrelated 'container' sense. All of the 'situation' senses except 5, 7, and 9 are included in this type. RHW Sense 7 is represented as 'Argument' in COSMO, not a subtype of this type. Randon House Webster: 1. an instance of the occurrence, existence, etc., of something: Sailing in such a storm was a case of poor judgment. 2. the actual state of things: That is not the case. 3. a question or problem of moral conduct; matter: a case of conscience. 4. situation; circumstance; plight: Mine is a sad case. 5. a person or thing whose plight or situation calls for attention: This family is a hardship case. 6. a specific occurrence or matter requiring discussion, decision, or investigation, as by officials or law-enforcement authorities: The police studied the case of the missing jewels. 7. a stated argument used to support a viewpoint: He presented a strong case against the proposed law. 8. an instance of disease, injury, etc., requiring medical or surgical attention or treatment; individual affliction: She had a severe case of chicken pox. 9. a medical or surgical patient. Includes noun senses 1 to 5 of 'case' in WordNet: 2. (703) case, instance, example - (an occurrence of something; 'it was a case of bad judgment'; 'another instance occurred yesterday'; 'but there is always the famous example of the Smiths') 3. (237) event, case - (a special set of circumstances; 'in that event, the first possibility is excluded'; 'it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled') 4. (106) case - (a problem requiring investigation; 'Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir') 5. (98) case - (the actual state of things; 'that was not the case')
Super-classes	PhysicalSituation^c
Sub-classes	Circumstance^c

Case-Container^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Case-Container`
Description	A Container that is portable and designed for holding specific types of items. The type of item it is designed to hold will differentiate among the many subtypes. This does not include 'case' when used as a quantity measure: a 'case of wine' may be 12 bottles regardless of whether they are in a container or not. NOTE that a 'Case-Container' (such as a camera case) may sometimes be as small as and shaped like a 'Box' (which see), but it should be specifically designed to hold a certain type of object, or dissasembled parts of an object, or a set of objects used for related purpose. This corresponds to case(2) sense 1 in RHW: 1. an often small or portable container for enclosing something, as for carrying or safekeeping; receptacle: a jewel case; a violin case; a camera case. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'case' in WordNet, and includes a box that contains some quantity (more than one) of objects for sale, as a case of wine: in WordNet: 7. (48) case - (a portable container for carrying several objects; 'the musicians left their instrument cases backstage')
Super-classes	PortableObject^c ContainerArtifact^c
Sub-classes	PieceOfLuggage^c Portfolio^c WomensBag^c Locket^c PortableCarrier^c Compact^c Luggage^c

CaseRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaseRole`
Description	A CaseRole is a Role that a Word or Phrase, or its associated concept, may serve in relation to the Verb of a Sentence, or to an Event. Common Roles are Subject and Object; more specific roles are Agent and Patient (for actions). Yet more specific roles are mother and child (for verbs like 'bore'and 'gave birth to' or ). In COSMO the CaseRoles are nominalized Types, in which the line of distinction between 'grammar' and 'semantics' is blurred. This entails that, for the CaseRoles, each grammatical Type also has some semantic content; the semantic content becomes more precise as the subtypes of the CaseRole become more detailed. `In SUMO CaseRoles are treated as relations on a Process. In COSMO the CaseRoles are grammatical, and the corresponding conceptual roles are indicated by relations in COSMO,`
Super-classes	GrammaticalRole^c
Sub-classes	RoleInAnEvent^c SubjectOfaSentence^c IndirectObjectOfaSentence^c ObjectOfaSentence^c

Cash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cash`
Description	''Cash'' in COSMO is treated as a substance, a subtype of 'Money', for which the UnitObject is a ''CurrencyObject'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cash' in WordNet: 1. (9) cash, hard cash, hard currency - (money in the form of bills or coins; 'there is a desperate shortage of hard cash')`
Super-classes	Money^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value CurrencyObject^c

CashBuying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CashBuying`
Description	In SUMO just 'Buying', in COSMO the name of this concept is changed to be more specific. However, the type of ''MoneyObject'' can be diverse, including, in addition to physical currency transfers, credit or debit card transfers, or other type os electronic transfer of money, so long some real money account valued in currency is increased or decreased. `SUMO: A MoneyTransaction in which an instance of MoneyObject is exchanged for an instance of Physical.`
Super-classes	MoneyTransaction^c Buying^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPaid^op some MoneyObject^c

CashRegister^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CashRegister`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cash register' in WordNet: 1. (1) cash register, register - (a cashbox with an adding machine to register transactions; used in shops to add up the bill)`
Super-classes	Strongbox^c

Cashew-TheSeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cashew-TheSeed`
Description	CYC: he embryo of the cashew seed, which is the edible and delicious cashew nut. `The kernel of the cashew nut, not including the husk. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cashew' in WordNet: 2. cashew, cashew nut - (kidney-shaped nut edible only when roasted)`
Super-classes	Seed^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c EdibleNut^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c isDerivedFrom^op value CashewTree^c

CashewTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CashewTree

Description

Individual cashew trees; yield delicious nuts.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cashew tree' in WordNet:
         1. cashew, cashew tree, Anacardium occidentale - (tropical American evergreen 
         tree bearing kidney-shaped nuts that are edible only when roasted)

Super-classes FruitTree^c

Cashier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cashier`
Description	A person hired to perform ''AcceptingPayments'' in person (not over the telephone), usually using a cash register or credit card reader. This Person usually works at some ''RetailStore'' (which includes restaurants,, taverns, ServiceStations, and any place where goods or services are sold and paied for on the location they were performed. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cashier' in WordNet: 2. cashier - (a person responsible for receiving payments for goods and services (as in a shop or restaurant))`
Super-classes	Employee^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AcceptingPayments^c typicallyWorksAt^op value RetailStore^c

Cashmere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cashmere`
Description	Wool from an ''Alpaca''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cashmere' in WordNet: 2. cashmere - (the wool of the Kashmir goat)`
Super-classes	Wool^c
Restrictions	isObtainedFrom^op value Alpaca^c

Casing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Casing`
Description	Casing generic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casing' in Wordnet: 1. shell, case, casing - (the housing or outer covering of something; 'the clock has a walnut case')`
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c ContainerArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Cassette^c PadlockBody^c ProjectileCasing^c

Casino^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Casino

Description

A 'Casino'' is a ''GamblingHouse'' that has entertainment as well as gambling,and may be part of a hotel.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casino' in WordNet:
           1. (1) casino, gambling casino - (a public building for gambling and entertainment)

Super-classes GamblingHouse^c

Casserole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Casserole`
Description	A ''Casserole'' is a ''DishOfFood'' baked in a ''CasseroleDish'' and often brought to the table in the baking dish. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casserole' in WordNet: 1. casserole - (food cooked and served in a casserole)`
Super-classes	DishOfFood^c Food-ReadyToEat^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op value CasseroleDish^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Baked^c

CasseroleDish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CasseroleDish`
Description	A ''CasseroleDish'' is a ''Dish'' that is intended for preparing food, not to be eaten from at the table. It is usually made of heat-resistant material so that it can be used for cooking food in an oven. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'casserole' in WordNet: 2. casserole - (large deep dish in which food can be cooked and served)`
Super-classes	Dish^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 4.5^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HeatResistant^c hasAttribute^op value DeepForaDish^c

Cassette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cassette`
Description	A ''Cassette'' is a ''Casing' (a container) that can be held in the hand, designed to hold some tape that can be taken out to use, or a tape that moves reel-to-reel as in audio or video tape. This is for the outer shell; A ''Casette''' together with its contained tape would be a ''ContainerAndContents'' , such as a ''TapeCassette''. This is general, and could hold any kind of ''Tape'' though the term 'cassette' is used mostly for ''MagneticTape''. `Neither WN nor RHW make any disinction between the cassette casing and the whole casette including the tape. This is just for the outer ''Casing''.`
Super-classes	Casing^c RigidObject^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Tape^c

Cassiterite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cassiterite`
Description	`RHW: a brown or black mineral, tin dioxide, SnO2, that crystallizes in the tetragonal system; tinstone: the principal ore of tin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cassiterite' in WordNet: 1. cassiterite - (a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Tin^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c hasColor^op value DarklyColored^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Oxygen^c

CastOfaDramaticPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CastOfaDramaticPerformance`
Description	A 'CastOfaDramaticPerformance' is the GroupOfPeople who are ''ActorActress''es and have participated as performers in some DramaticPerformance, such as a Movie, play. This 'performance' is the actual live action which may or may not be recorded. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (10) cast, cast of characters, dramatis personae - (the actors in a play)`
Super-classes	CastOfaPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only ActorActress^c performsAction^op only DramaticPerformance^c
Sub-classes	CastOfaMovie^c

CastOfaMovie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CastOfaMovie`
Description	A 'CastOfaMovie' is the GroupOfPeople who are ''ActorActress''es and have participated as performers in some ''MoviePerformance'' (usually represented abstractly as a ''Movie''). This 'performance' is the actual live action which may or may not be recorded. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (10) cast, cast of characters, dramatis personae - (the actors in a play)`
Super-classes	CastOfaDramaticPerformance^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op only MoviePerformance^c

CastOfaPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CastOfaPerformance`
Description	A 'CastOfaPerformance' is the GroupOfPeople that have participated as performers in some entertainment Action, such as a Movie, play, musical performance, half-time show, etc. The 'performance' can be live or recorded. The members of the cast are 'Artist-Performer's. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (10) cast, cast of characters, dramatis personae - (the actors in a play)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Artist-Performer^c
Sub-classes	CastOfaDramaticPerformance^c

Castaway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Castaway`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'castaway' in WordNet: 2. castaway, shipwreck survivor - (a shipwrecked person)`
Super-classes	Survivor^c AbandonedPerson^c
Restrictions	wasLostInEvent^op value ShipwreckEvent^c

Caste^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caste

Description

A ''Caste'' is a ''SocialClass'' in some societies (especially Hindu) that is inherited though it corresponds to groups that were differentiated in ancient times by various criteria. In Japan there are some inherited classes similar to the Hindu Caste, but less pronounced.

       Includes (differentiable) noun senses 2 and 3 of 'caste' in WordNet:
         2. caste - ((Hinduism) a hereditary social class among Hindus; 
              stratified according to ritual purity)
         3. caste - (a social class separated from others by distinctions of 
             hereditary rank or profession or wealth)

Super-classes SocialClass^c

Casting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Casting`
Description	A ''Casting'' is an ArtifactObject `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casting' in WordNet: 1. cast, casting - (object formed by a mold)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value MoldingAnArtifact^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SolidSubstance^c

CastingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CastingSomething`
Description	''CastingSomething'' is a very broad sense of some agent projecting something (solid or as intangible as a shadow) across some interval of space. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (15) project, cast, contrive, throw - (put or send forth; 'She threw the flashlight beam into the corner'; 'The setting sun threw long shadows'; 'cast a spell'; 'cast a warm light')`
Super-classes	Translation-Complete^c SendingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Shooting^c Throwing^c Spitting^c Launching^c

CastingaShadow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CastingaShadow`
Description	''CastingaShadow'' is a ''BlockingaLight'' Action in which some ''OpaqueObject'' located between a dominant source of light (a ''LightEmittingObject'') and an otherwise perceptibly illuminated surface, producing a ''Shadow'' that is the area with a noticeably lower degree of illumination within the larger area illuminated by the light source. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shadow' in WordNet: 1. (2) shadow, shade, shade off - (cast a shadow over)`
Super-classes	BlockingLight^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value IlluminatingSomething^c isPerformedBy^op value OpaqueObject^c causes^op value Shadow^c
Sub-classes	LunarEclipse^c

CastingaSpell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CastingaSpell`
Description	'CastingaSpell' is a fictional Action that can cause animate or inanimate things to behave differently form how they would otherwise behave. THe behavior differences after a Spell is cast may be subtle, or dramatic, such as a transfiguration. This action may be referred to as 'enchanting', 'putting a pwll on', 'putting a hex on', and variously other phrases. Since there are no limits to the imaginative things that authors can have their characters do with a Spell, the results can be almost any kind of behavior. For the result on an IntentionalAgent, see 'Spell'. `NOTE that ''CastingaSpell'' need not involve speaking words, it can be done by gestures or even just thinking. Includes verb sense 3 of 'enchant' and sense 3 of 'bewitch', and noun sense 3 of 'enchantment' in WordNet: 3. hex, bewitch, glamour, witch, enchant, jinx - - (cast a spell over someone or something; put a hex on someone or something) WN 'enchantment' 3. enchantment, bewitchment - (a magical spell)`
Super-classes	ControllingSomething^c
Sub-classes	UtteringaCurse^c

Castle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Castle

Description

Residences of nobility (typically fortified) built mostly in the middle ages.

        This includes senses 1 and 2 in WordNet:
        1. (3) palace, castle - (a large and stately mansion)
        2. (1) castle - (a large building formerly occupied 
          by a ruler and fortified against attack)

Super-classes Building^c

CastorBean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CastorBean`
Description	One castor bean. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'castor bean' in Wordnet: 1. castor bean - (the toxic seed of the castor-oil plant; source of castor oil)
Super-classes	Bean^c Seed^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value CastorOil^c

CastorOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CastorOil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'castor oil' in Wordnet: 1. castor oil - (a purgative extracted from the seed of the castor plant; used in paint and varnish as well as medically)`
Super-classes	Purgative^c VegetableOil^c

Castrated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Castrated

Description

''Castrated'' is an attribute of a MalePerson whose testicles were removed in a ''Castrating'' operation. This is for the operation, not for'chemical castration'.

      NOTE:  the term 'castrated' can also be used for neuterizing female animals,
         but is usually applied to males..  This type refers to the castration of a male
         animal by removal of the testicles, as in the RHW sense 1:
       RHW 'castrate':   1.  to remove the testes of; emasculate; geld.

      Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'castrated' (the
         literal meaning) in Wordnet:
        1. castrated, unsexed - (deprived of sexual capacity or sexual attributes)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Castrating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Castrating

Description

NOTE: the term 'castrate' can be used for neuterizing female animals, but is usually applied to males.. This type represents the castration of a male animal by removal of the testicles, as in the RHW sense 1: RHW 'castrate': 1. to remove the testes of; emasculate; geld.

      Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'castrate' in WordNet:
        3. emasculate, castrate, demasculinize, demasculinise -
          (remove the testicles of a male animal)

Super-classes SterilizingAnAnimal^c
RemovingPhysically^c

Casual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Casual`
Description	''Casual'' is an attribute of people or Actions that display a lack of concern for appearance of what they wear or do, or of the consequences of their actions. includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'casual' in WordNet: 1. (3) casual, insouciant, nonchalant - (marked by blithe unconcern; 'an ability to interest casual students'; 'showed a casual disregard for cold weather'; 'an utterly insouciant financial policy'; 'an elegantly insouciant manner'; 'drove his car with nonchalant abandon'; 'was polite in a teasing nonchalant manner') 2. (2) casual - (without or seeming to be without plan or method; offhand; 'a casual remark'; 'information collected by casual methods and in their spare time') WN adj 'unconcerned': 2. (1) unconcerned - (easy in mind; not worried; 'the prisoner seems entirely unconcerned as to the outcome of the examination')
Super-classes	Relaxed^c
Sub-classes	Offhand^c Indifferent^c

Casual-OfClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Casual-OfClothing`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'casual' in Wordnet: 3. (2) casual, everyday - (suited for everyday use; 'casual clothes'; 'everyday clothes')`
Super-classes	Informal^c

CasualBrowser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CasualBrowser`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'browser' in WordNet: 1. browser - (a viewer who looks around casually without seeking anything in particular)`
Super-classes	Onlooker^c

Casually^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Casually

Description

''Casually'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify an Action to indicate that the action was performed without a plan or with only an on-the-spot goal, and without concern about potential consequences.

      NOTE: this merges the two WN senses of 'casually' since it is difficult to
         find a clear logical distinction between them.

        Includes adverb senseS 1 and 2 of 'casually' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) casually - (not methodically or according to plan; 
              'he dealt with his course work casually')
          2. (1) casually, nonchalantly - (in an unconcerned manner; 
              'glanced casually at the headlines')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Casualty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Casualty`
Description	A ''Casualty'' is a Person who was ''Killed'' or ''Injured'' by an Event, whether natural or intentional. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casualty' in WordNet: 1. casualty - (someone injured or killed or captured or missing in a military engagement) 2. casualty, injured party - (someone injured or killed in an accident)`
Super-classes	Victim^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value KilledOrInjured^c

Cat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cat`
Description	CYC: The collection of all members of the species Felis domesticus. Most members of this collection are #$DomesticCats, but feral cats are also included in this collection. 'Big cats', e.g., lions, ocelots, or tigers, are not members of this collection, although they are of its superset, 'Feline'. `For feral cats use subtype ''AlleyCat''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cat' in WordNet and Includes the informal terms 'pussy', kitty' etc.: in WordNet: 1. (18) cat, true cat - (feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cats; wildcats) WN noun 'pussy': 2. kitty, kitty-cat, puss, pussy, pussycat - (informal terms referring to a domestic cat)`
Super-classes	FelisGenus^c
Sub-classes	DomesticCat^c Kitten^c AlleyCat^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleocatra

CatFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatFood`
Description	CYC: The collection of all cat food. A subtype of 'AnimalFood' intended for eating by pet cats. May be moist or dry. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cat food' in WordNet: 1. cat food, cat chow - (food prepared for cats)`
Super-classes	PetFood^c AnimalFood^c
Restrictions	isForTheUseOf^op value DomesticCat^c

Catalogue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catalogue`
Description	Each ''Catalogue'' is a physical representation of a ''List'' of items for sale from a particular vendor.published in the form of a ''Book-Physical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'catalogue' in WordNet: 2. catalog, catalogue - (a book or pamphlet containing an enumeration of things; 'he found it in the Sears catalog')`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op some ProductsForSale^c isUsedInAction^op value Shopping^c

Catalysis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catalysis

Description

''Catalysis'' a ''ChemicalReaction'' in which some 'catalyst' (a substance or object) causes a ''ChemicalReaction'' to go faster than it would have without the 'catalyst', and in which the catalyst does not undergo any net change after the reaction is over (although it may undergo transitory changes that are later reversed). See ''Catalyst'' for more detail about things that can participate in this type of reaction.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catalysis' in WordNet:
           1. catalysis, contact action - (acceleration of a chemical reaction 
             induced by the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end 
             of the reaction; 'of the top 50 commodity chemicals, 30 are created directly 
             by catalysis and another 6 are made from 
             raw materials that are catalytically produced')
         WN verb 'catalyze':
           1. catalyze, catalyse - (change by catalysis or cause to catalyze)

Super-classes ChemicalReaction^c
RateIncrease^c

Catalyst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catalyst`
Description	A ''Catalyst'' is a Substance (possibly at the surface of a solidSubstance) that can cause a chemicalReaction to proceed at a faster rate than it would in the absence of the ''Catalyst'', while being unchanged itself at the end of the reaction. Catalysts are of varied type. Some can be mixed into a chemical mixture, or can be finely divided solid materials suspended in a reaction mixture or immobilized on a matrix within which the substances in the reaction mixture can contact the solid catalyst. A polymerization reaction such as that of an ethylene derivative may be catalyzed by free radicals that cause a chain reaction in which one radical attaches to one side of a double bond and the atom on the other side of the bond then becomes a free radical that continues in similar fashion with other molecules. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catalyst' in WordNet: 1. catalyst, accelerator - ((chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected)
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Catalysis^c acceleratesOrShortens^op some ChemicalReactionType^c
Sub-classes	Enzyme^c

CatalyticThing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatalyticThing

Description

A 'CatalyticThing' is a PhysicalObject or Event that can serve to initiate or accelerate events whose primary cause is something else. By itself, a 'catalyst' does not cause the resulting event.

     Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'catalyst' in Wordnet:
       1. catalyst, accelerator - ((chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical
           reaction without itself being affected)
       2. catalyst - (something that causes an important event to happen; 
          'the invasion acted as a catalyst to unite the country')

Super-classes GenericAgent^c

Catapult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catapult`
Description	A ''Catapult'' is any of a variety of large (larger than a Person) military devices primarily used before the introduction of explosives into warfare, that launches any of a variety of missiles from stones to flammable materials or lance-like spears. Some types were used duting Roman times and some as late as the MiddleAges. The propulsive force was achieved in different ways, such as tightened ropes or dropping weights or bent wood or metal, depending on the subtype, all of which are included in this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'catapult' in WordNet: 3. catapult, arbalest, arbalist, ballista, bricole, mangonel, onager, trebuchet, trebucket - (medieval artillery used during sieges; a heavy war engine for hurling large stones and other missiles)`
Super-classes	PrimitiveWeapon^c ProjectileLauncher^c MilitaryWeapon^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Propelling^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 300.0^c

Cataracts^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cataracts

Description

        CYC 'Cataract-Ailment': A collection of #$AilmentConditions in which one
        or both of one's eye lenses loses transparency.  This
        results in dim, distorted or blurred images on the retina
        and decreased vision.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cataract' in WordNet:
          1. cataract - (clouding of the natural lens of the eye)

Super-classes EyeDisease^c

Catatonia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catatonia

Description

''Catatonia'' is a ''PsychologicalAilment'' in which the patient fails to respond normally to stimuli though nominally conscious.

     RHW: a syndrome seen most frequently in schizophrenia, characterized by 
        muscular rigidity and mental stupor, sometimes alternating with great
        excitement and confusion.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'catatonia' in WordNet:
        2. catatonic schizophrenia, catatonic type schizophrenia, catatonia -
          (a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain 
            in a fixed stuporous state for long periods; the catatonia
            may give way to short periods of extreme excitement)

Super-classes Syndrome^c
PsychologicalAilment^c

Catcall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catcall`
Description	''Catcall'' is a subtype of''Calling'' in which one or more people call out to express dsapproval, impolitely. `This seems to merge the calling action and the sound it makes. The sound should be a different type (caused by this action) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catcall' in WordNet: 1. (2) catcall - (a cry expressing disapproval)`
Super-classes	ExpressingEmotion^c CallingOut^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disrespectful^c expressesMentalState^op value Disapproval^c

Catch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catch`
Description	A 'Catch' is something caught in a 'Capturing' or ''Trapping'' Event. WN sense 2 of 'catch' is a quantity, but here it must be a quantity of some object(s) or substance. The 'Catch' does not have to be of a living thing, but usually is. `NOTE: 'catch' as a marital prospect (sense 3 in WN) is not included here. Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'catch' in WordNet: 2. catch, haul - (the quantity that was caught; 'the catch was only 10 fish') 4. catch - (anything that is caught (especially if it is worth catching); 'he shared his catch with the others')`
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	wasAcquiredInEvent^op some (Capturing^c or Trapping^c)
Sub-classes	FishCatch^c Captive^c

CatchFastener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchFastener`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'catch' in WordNet: 7. catch - (a fastener that fastens or locks a door or window)`
Super-classes	Fastener^c
Sub-classes	Latch^c

CatchersMitt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchersMitt`
Description	A ''CatchersMitt'' is a ''BaseballMitt'' specialized for the use of the ''BaseballCatcher''.
Super-classes	BaseballMitt^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value BaseballCatcher^c

CatchingAnInfectiousDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchingAnInfectiousDisease`
Description	''CatchingAnInfectiousDisease'' is an Action (usually passive) in which some ''Animal'' (most commonly used of People) become infected with some 'Infection'' (an instance of ''InfectionType''), caused by some ''PathogenicMicroorganism''.. `NOTE: Plants also catch 'infectious diseases' but that will need to be a different type - not et done @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 19 of 'catch' in WordNet: 19. (1) catch - (contract; 'did you catch a cold?')`
Super-classes	GettingSick^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Infection^c isPerformedBy^op value Animal^c hasThingAcquired^op some (Infection^c or InfectionType^c) worsens^op value Health^c isCausedBy^op value InfectingEvent^c
Sub-classes	CatchingCOVID-19^c CatchingaCold^c

CatchingCOVID-19^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchingCOVID-19`
Description	''CatchingCOVID-19'' is a ''CatchingAnInfectiousDisease'' where the Disease caught is a ''COVID-19_Infection''.
Super-classes	CatchingAnInfectiousDisease^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value COVID-19_Infection^c causes^op value COVID-19_Infection^c hasThingAcquired^op value COVID-19_Infection^c

CatchingUpOnDevelopments^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchingUpOnDevelopments`
Description	The act of gaining knowledge or awareness of a particular action. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'catch up' in WordNet: 2. catch up - (learn belatedly; find out about something after it happened; 'I'm trying to catch up with the latest developments in molecular biology')`
Super-classes	BecomingAwareOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value RecentDevelopment^c

CatchingWithHands^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchingWithHands`
Description	A specialization of #$ReceivingAnObject and #$CoordinatedBodyMovement. Each instance of #$CatchingWithHands is an event in which an animal catches something (such as a ball) that is coming towards it with its hand(s). `For 'catching' in the sense of capturing some animal, use 'Capturing'. This is a subtype of GrabbingOntoWithHand' in which the 'GrabbingOntoWithHand' action stops the motion of the thing grabbed. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'catch' in WordNet: 4. (9) catch, grab, take hold of - (take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of; 'Catch the ball!'; 'Grab the elevator door!')`
Super-classes	GrabbingOntoWithHand^c ReceivingAnObject^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op some Motion^c
Sub-classes	CatchingaBaseball^c

CatchingaBaseball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchingaBaseball`
Description	''CatchingaBaseball'' is a ''Grabbing'' where the thing caught is a ''BaseballBall' that has been thrown in one's general direction.
Super-classes	CatchingWithHands^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value BaseballBall^c
Sub-classes	CatchingaBaseballPitch^c

CatchingaBaseballPitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchingaBaseballPitch`
Description	''CatchingaBaseballPitch'' is a ''CatchingaBaseball'' typically performed by a ''BaseballCatcher''.
Super-classes	CatchingaBaseball^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value BaseballCatcher^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value BaseballPitch^c

CatchingaCold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatchingaCold`
Description	''CatchingaCold'' is a ''CatchingAnInfectiousDisease'' where the Disease caught is a ''Cold-Illness''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'catch cold' in WordNet: 1. catch cold - (come down with a cold)`
Super-classes	CatchingAnInfectiousDisease^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op value Cold-Illness^c

Catecholamine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catecholamine`
Description	$Amines derived from tyrosine. #$Catecholamines `affect the #$NervousSystem, metabolic rate, and cardiovascular system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catecholamine' in WordNet: 1. (1) catecholamine - (any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland)`
Super-classes	Amine^c
Sub-classes	Adrenaline^c

Categorical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Categorical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'categorical' in Wordnet: 2. categoric, categorical, flat, unconditional - (not modified or restricted by reservations; 'a categorical denial'; 'a flat refusal')`
Super-classes	Unqualified^c

Categorically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Categorically

Description

''Categorically'' is an AdverbialModifier

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'flatly' in Wordnet:
          1. flatly, categorically, unconditionally - (in an unqualified manner; 'he flatly denied the charges')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Categorizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Categorizing`
Description	''Categorizing'' is an Action in which the elements of some Group of things (Objects, Events, Attributes) are analyzed by a ''AnalyzingGroupProperties'' Action, and then types (classes,sorts, categories) approriate to the purpose are created, and the elements of the Group analyzed are assigned by a ''Classifying'' action into the categories created. This Action creates a ''Classification'' (a group of groups, each of which is a ''SortedGroup', each member of which satisfies the descriptive crtera of a ''Sort'') The statistical procedure that uses properties of a Group of things to determine proximity of elements of the group to each other in some multidimensional space, and then creates groups whose elements have the smallest average distance from each other in that space is the subtype called ''Clustering''. The 'dimensions' of that space may be identical to or analogous to the properties that are of significance to people. This can be and these days always is done by a computer. The subgroups (Categories) thus created can be prepared in any form physical or abstract. Perhaps the most physical would be to put objects into different boxes depending on their type or color. Computers can do abstract categorizing using an ulimited number of criteria. ''Categorizing'' is in essence a mental action, and could be done by a computer, as in the classical process of 'clustering', or more recent aspects of 'deep learning'. of recognizing differences and labeling them. A subsequent action could be a ''Sorting'' Action in which the subgroups are in some way separated from each other - not necessarily physically (perhaps in a database). WN noun 'sorting' appears in the synset with 'classification' and 'categorization' but it seems more appropriate in the dividing-up sense represented as 'Sorting' . Includes verb sense 1 of 'categorize', verb sense 3 of 'classify' and noun sense 3 of 'classification' and verb sense 1 of 'class' and in WordNet: WN verb 'categorize': 1. (1) categorize, categorise - (place into or assign to a category; 'Children learn early on to categorize') WN verb 'classify': 3. relegate, classify - (assign to a class or kind; 'How should algae be classified?'; 'People argue about how to relegate certain mushrooms') WN noun 'classification': 3. classification, categorization, categorisation, sorting - (the basic cognitive process of arranging into classes or categories)
Super-classes	AssigningEvent^c Distinguishing^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some AnalyzingGroupProperties^c hadObjectAnalyzed^op some Group^c produces^op some Classification^c hasSubEvent^op some Classifying^c
Sub-classes	AttributingQualities^c Classifying^c MisCategorizing^c

CategoryError^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CategoryError

Description

A ''CategoryError'' is an ''Error'' that is an Assertion that something belongs in one category when it does not belong in that category. Used mostly in arguments about reasoning.

       In COSMO to help define ''MisCategorize''. 
        'In COSMO there are probably a number of category errors. If you spot one,
           please notify the editors.'

     From WikiPedia 'category mistake':
       A category mistake, or category error, is a semantic or ontological error
       in which things belonging to a particular category are presented as if 
       they belong to a different category, or, alternatively, a property is 
       ascribed to a thing that could not possibly have that property. 
       An example is the metaphor "time crawled", which if taken literally 
       is not just false but a category mistake.

Super-classes Assertion^c
Error^c

Caterer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caterer`
Description	A ''Caterer'' is a business that performs ''CommercialCatering''; this is a ''Supplier'' that supplies ''Food-ReadyToEat'' to ''SocialGathering''s of any size. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caterer' in WordNet: 1. (1) caterer - (someone who provides food and service (as for a party))`
Super-classes	Supplier^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CommercialCatering^c

Caterpillar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caterpillar`
Description	A butterfly.or moth in its larval stage. . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of ' pillar' in WordNet: 1. (1) caterpillar - - (a wormlike and often brightly colored and hairy or spiny larva of a butterfly or moth)`
Super-classes	InsectLarva^c Lepidopteran^c
Sub-classes	Silkworm^c

Catfish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catfish

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catfish' in WordNet:
        3. catfish, siluriform fish - (any of numerous 
          mostly freshwater bottom-living fishes of Eurasia and 
          North America with barbels like whiskers around the mouth)

Super-classes Soft-finnedFish^c

Cathedral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cathedral`
Description	A large church, usually the place where a Bishop leads the local Parish. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'cathedral' in WordNet: 1. (4) cathedral - (any large and important church) 2. cathedral, duomo - (the principal Christian church building of a bishop's diocese)`
Super-classes	ChurchBuilding^c SalientThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

CatholicCardinal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatholicCardinal`
Description	A ''CatholicCardinal'' is of higher rank than a ''Bishop''. Those who oversee a group of Diocese have a wider area of authority in the Catholic Church. Others serve the Pope directly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardinal' in WordNet: 1. (2) cardinal - ((Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes)`
Super-classes	Bishop-Clerical^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value RomanCatholic^c

CatholicChurch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatholicChurch`
Description	A Christian ''Church'' that either recognizes thePope as its head, or, in the case of the Eastern Orthodox Church, considers itself as a branch of Catholicism, but only considers the Pope as 'first among equals' of the bishops. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Catholic Church' in WordNet: 1. (2) Catholic Church - (any of several churches claiming to have maintained historical continuity with the original Christian Church)`
Super-classes	Church^c
Sub-classes	EasternOrthodoxChurch^c RomanCatholicChurch^c

CatholicPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CatholicPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who adhere to a faith in ''Catholicism'', specifically the Roman Catholic variety. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Catholic' in WordNet: 1. (25) Catholic - (a member of a Catholic church)`
Super-classes	ReligiousPerson^c
Restrictions	believes^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catholicism^c isaMemberOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catholics^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value RomanCatholic^c
Sub-classes	Jesuit^c DominicanFriar^c

Cation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cation`
Description	An ''Ion'' having a positive charge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cation' in WordNet: 1. cation - (a positively charged ion)`
Super-classes	Ion^c
Sub-classes	Proton^c

Cattail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cattail`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cattail' in WordNet: 1. cattail - (tall erect herbs with sword-shaped leaves; cosmopolitan in fresh and salt marshes)`
Super-classes	MarshPlant^c

CattleOrHorses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CattleOrHorses`
Super-classes	GroupOfBeasts^c

CaucasianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaucasianPerson`
Description	''CaucasianPerson'' is a collective term applied to the broad category of 'Caucasian' people believed to have descended from ancestors in the area of the Caucases mountains, and including fair-skinned europeans as well as Semitic peoples. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Caucasian' in WordNet: 1. White, white person, Caucasian - (a member of the Caucasoid race)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Sub-classes	AngloPerson^c

Caucus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caucus`
Description	A ''Caucus'' is a ''FormalMeeting'' held by some poliical group, often a partisan poltical group. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caucus' in WordNet: 1. caucus - (a closed political meeting)`
Super-classes	FormalMeeting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Private^c hasParticipant^op value PoliticalPartyMember^c hasTopic^op value Politics^c

Cauliflower^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cauliflower

Description

        RHW:  1.  a form of cultivated plant, Brassica oleracea botrytis, of the mustard family, 
          whose inflorescence forms a compact, usually whitish head. Cf. broccoli.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cauliflower' in WordNet:
         1. cauliflower, Brassica oleracea botrytis - (a plant 
             having a large edible head of crowded white flower buds)

Super-classes CruciferousPlant^c

Cauliflower-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cauliflower-Foodstuff`
Description	This type ''Cauliflower-Foodstuff'' is `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cauliflower' in WordNet: 2. cauliflower - (compact head of white undeveloped flowers)`
Super-classes	CruciferousVegetable^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value White^c

Caulk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caulk`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caulk' in WordNet: 1. caulk, caulking - (a waterproof sealant and filler that is used in building and repair to make watertight)`
Super-classes	Sealant^c
Restrictions	canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value SealingSomething^c

Causal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Causal

Description

''Causal'' is AttributeValue of relations between observations. This Attribute distinguishes 'if-then' types of relations between events from random connections, even among those pairs of event types between which there appears to be some correlation.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'causal' in Wordnet:
        1. (5) causal - (involving or constituting a cause; causing;
          'a causal relationship between scarcity and higher prices')

Super-classes Medical^c

CausalAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausalAgent`
Description	A ''CausalAgent'' is a non-human ''GenericAgent'' that can exercise some power to affect physical things, often without being visibly present in physical form, or identifiable as a Physical agent that obeys normal laws of physics. This is for mysterious agents such as 'fate' or spiritual entities.. This is disjoint from humans, and disjoint with the ''PhysicalObject''s that obey physical laws, even though it may appear like one. `NOTE: the WN gloss does not clearly exclude normal physical agents but this type excludes physical agents such as physical objects. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'power' and sense 2 of 'force' in WordNet: 6. (26) power, force - (one possessing or exercising power or influence or authority; 'the mysterious presence of an evil power'; 'may the force be with you'; 'the forces of evil')`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c GenericAgent^c Object^c Cause^c
Sub-classes	SupernaturalBeing^c

CausalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausalEvent`
Description	A ''CausalEvent'' is a SituationProcessEventOrState (whether physical or abstract) that plays the Role of a Cause of something. This is specific for 'causes' that are Events. This includes 'causes' that have some intermediate Event between the ''CausalEvent'' and the Event that is the object of the ''causes'' restriction; for example, hitting a ''CueBall' on a ''PoolTable'' with a ''CueStick'' may cause another ''BilliardBall'' to move, and when that second ''BilliardBall'' strikes a third ''BilliardBall'' and causes that to move, the striking of the ''CueBall' can be viewed as a ''CausalEvent'' of the motion of the third ''BilliardBall'', but it is not a ''DirectCause. For the more direct ''CausalEvent'' of one ''BilliardBall'' striking and causing a second to move, use the subtype ''DirectCause''. `Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (18) cause - (events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; 'they are trying to determine the cause of the crash')`
Super-classes	Cause^c Event^c
Restrictions	precedes^op only (Event^c or Effect^c or EventType^c or Difference^c or DifferenceType^c or Event^c or Effect^c or EventType^c or Difference^c or DifferenceType^c) causes^op some (Event^c or Effect^c or EventType^c or Difference^c or DifferenceType^c or Event^c or Effect^c or EventType^c or Difference^c or DifferenceType^c)
Sub-classes	DirectCause^c CausingSomething^c

CausalExplanation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausalExplanation`
Description	A CausalExplanation is an Explanation that can answer the question 'why did that happen?'. It is not an explanation for a Belief or for taking some Action. `This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reason' in WordNet: 2. (32) reason - (an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon; 'the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly')`
Super-classes	Explanation^c
Sub-classes	Theory^c Rationale^c

Causality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Causality`
Description	A ''Causality'' is a ''Relation'' that connects two Events, the first being the 'Cause' that affects the second Event, the 'Effect'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'causality' in WordNet: 1. causality - (the relation between causes and effects)`
Super-classes	Relation^c
Restrictions	connects^op value CauseAndEffect^c

Causative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Causative`
Description	'Causative' is an attribute value of Events, that can cause other types of Events. subtypes of this attribute can be more specific as to the type of Event that is caused by Events with that attribute. `NOTE: the restriction is probably better treated by an inheritable restriction on a parent metatype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'causative' in Wordnet: 1. (1) causative - (producing an effect; 'poverty as a causative factor in crime')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Decisive^c Convincing^c

CausativeAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausativeAttributeType`
Description	''CausativeAttributeType'' is a specialized metaclass that is used forsubtypes of attribute ''Causative'' to facilitate specifying what kind of Event is caused by some event with each subtype of ''Causative''..
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c AttributeValueType^c
Members	Factious Disastrous Ruinous Damaging Incitive Divisive Causative Devastating

Cause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cause`
Description	Anything (object, substance, or SituationProcessEventOrState, whether physical of abstract) that plays the Role of a Cause of something. NOTE that WordNet has multiple subtypes of 'cause' including things that may have some causal agency, but do not always play that Role in a specific situation. The meaning of this type is best expressed logicaly by using one of the 'cause' relations, such as 'wasCausedBy'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet, but not restricting the meaning to physical things, as the WN hypernym 'physical entity' suggests: in WordNet: 4. (4) causal agent, cause, causal agency - (any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results)
Super-classes	Role^c
Sub-classes	CauseOfDeath^c CausalEvent^c AgentiveSubstance^c CausalAgent^c VitalPrinciple^c FirstCause^c EngineOfAction^c

CauseAndEffect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CauseAndEffect`
Description
Super-classes	Role^c Pair^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op value Effect^c hasFirstElement^op value Cause^c

CauseConfusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CauseConfusion`
Description	To 'CauseConfusion' is to create a feeling of 'Confusion' in some IntelligentAgent. This Event can be a result of a Person acting, but may also be the result of external events. This type also represents one sense of the act 'to confuse': to confuse things is to experience 'Confusion' This includes parts of senses 2 and 6 of 'confuse' in WordNet, but also include non-intentional Events that cause confusion: in WordNet: 2. (5) confuse, throw, fox, befuddle, fuddle, bedevil, confound, discombobulate - (be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly; 'These questions confuse even the experts'; 'This question completely threw me'; 'This question befuddled even the teacher') 6. confuse, blur, obscure, obnubilate - (make unclear, indistinct, or blurred; 'Her remarks confused the debate'; 'Their words obnubilate their intentions')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Confusion^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Baffled^c
Sub-classes	DisorientingaPerson^c Perplexing^c

CauseOfDeath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CauseOfDeath`
Description	'CauseOfDeath' is any disease, situation, Event, that was the primary 'Cause' of a person dying. In the case of Killing, the 'Killing' Action is the 'CauseOfDeath', and the killer is pointed to by the 'wasTheAgentInAction' relation on that 'Killing' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cause of death' in WordNet: 1. cause of death, killer - (the causal agent resulting in death; 'heart disease is the biggest killer in the United States')`
Super-classes	Cause^c
Restrictions	caused^op some Death^c
Sub-classes	Killing^c Murder^c Homicide^c ZappingAnAdversary^c

Causeway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Causeway`
Description	A raised roadway or bridge across wet ground or shallow water. Causeways are relatively long with respect to the average bridge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'causeway' in WordNet: 1. causeway - (a road that is raised above water or marshland or sand)`
Super-classes	Bridge^c Roadway^c
Restrictions	crossesAbove^op value WaterObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

CausingAnAche^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingAnAche`
Description	''CausingAnAche'' is a ''CausingaPerception'' that causes a ''PainOrAche''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'ache' in WordNet: 3. (2) ache, smart, hurt - (be the source of pain)
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value PainOrAche^c
Sub-classes	Throbbing^c

CausingAnAttributeChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingAnAttributeChange`
Description	An Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - physically causes a change in some AttributeValue of some Object. This is a transitive sense in which an Agent should be specified (even if it is a ''Situation''), and the result is either an ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' (an intransitive sense of an Event) in which some attribute changes, or, directly an ''AttributeValueChange'' (Difference) in some attribute values. See also 'ImpartingAnAttribute'' for causing a new attribute to appear rather than focusing on the change of the attribute. ''IpartingAnAttribute'' can be used to focus on the resulting Attribute when one want to focus on the resuting Attribute, even if it could be represented as a change (but does nothave to be in the given context). Each 'CausingAnAttributeChange' is an Event in which some PhysicalObject or PhysicalSubstance has one of its AttributeValues changed, This is a specialization of the generic BecomingEvent in that the Change specified by this Event type is a change of AttributeValues, each value being of the same AttributeValueType (Length, Temperature). The actual change in AttributeValues is represented by an 'AttributeValueChange', a subtype of 'Difference'
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c CausingChange^c
Restrictions	causedChange^op value AttributeChangeEvent^c causedChange^op some (AttributeValueChange^c or IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c or Difference^c or Event^c or EventType^c or DifferenceType^c)
Sub-classes	Lubricating^c Tanning^c Browning^c CausingaColorChange^c Desensitizing^c Destabilizing^c CausingHarmony^c Coloring^c Stiffening^c Maddening^c Strengthening^c BoringSomeone^c InterestingaPerson^c MakingAnActionIllegal^c Angering^c Impoverishing^c Reconciling^c MessingSomethingUp^c Sweetening^c Weakening^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositiveLitmusTest

CausingAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingAnEvent`
Description	Each ''CausingAnEvent'' is an Event (including static situations) that causes some other Event, dynamic or static (such as a ''Feeling''). This is an Event that is related to some other Event by the relation 'causes' or 'caused' or 'alwaysCauses' or some subproperty of any of those relations. An Event that is related by any 'cause' relation (property) other than 'alwaysCauses' may be an instance of this type, but may not be. This type my be logically redundant with the relations but may be needed for representing ordinary linguistic assertions about the consequences of . some Event. NOTE: the synset 'result, ensue' appears to mix two concepts, 'result in' (cause, the intended meaning here) and 'result from' (be caused by, ensue). The latter meaning is represented by ''EnsuingEvent''. Includes verb senses 1 of 'cause' and part of verb sense 2 of 'bring about' (cause to happen or cause to exist, but not with a produced object as direct object) in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'bring about': 2. produce, bring about, give rise - (cause to happen, occur or exist; 'This procedure produces a curious effect'; 'The new law gave rise to many complaints'; 'These chemicals produce a noxious vapor'; 'the new President must bring about a change in the health care system') WN verb 'lead': 3. (27) lead - (tend to or result in; "This remark lead to further arguments among the guests") WN verb 'result': 1. (45) result, ensue - (issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end; "result in tragedy")
Super-classes	CausingSomething^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	CausingaPerception^c CausingaPersonToAct^c CausingaFeeling^c GalvanizingSomeone^c CausingIllHealth^c CausingaMentalEvent^c CausingAnAche^c WreakingSomething^c CausingaNegativeSituation^c NecessitatingSomething^c

CausingAnIncrease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingAnIncrease`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'increase' in WordNet: 2. (76) increase - (make bigger or more; 'The boss finally increased her salary'; 'The university increased the number of students it admitted') WN noun 'increase': 5. (3) increase, step-up - (the act of increasing something; 'he gave me an increase in salary')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Increased^c
Sub-classes	MaximizingSomething^c ProliferationAction^c Augmenting^c AccumulatingSomething^c

CausingAnObjectToMove^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingAnObjectToMove`
Description	''CausingAnObjectToMove'' is an Action in which some Agent (which could be natural) causes a PhysicalObject to perform some kind of motion that is not just a shape change while standing in place; the Motion could be translation, rotation, or (of fluid objects) whirling around in a container. Causing a whirlpool in a BodyOfWater or a Tornado in Air would be borderline subtypes of this. `" caused " " causes "`
Super-classes	Stimulus^c ActionOnObject^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c CausingSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op some (Motion^c or MotionType^c or ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c)
Sub-classes	JoltingSomething^c RemovingPhysically^c CausingAnotherObjectsRotation^c Scrolling^c StartlingAnAnimal^c HandlingAnObject^c CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c RemovingSomething^c

CausingAnotherObjectsRotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingAnotherObjectsRotation`
Description	''CausingAnotherObjectsRotation'' is a subtype of ''CausingAnObjectToMove'' that represents the causative (transitive) sense of 'turn' or 'rotate' in which some agent intentionally causes another object to undergo a ''Rotation'' action. NOTE that the thing that rotates could be a liquid, as when one stirs a liquid in a container causing it to engage in a rotation; this can be done by pushing the liquid with some kind of impeller in an open-top or closed container (swirling), or if the liquid is enclosed in an Erlenmeyer flask, the flask itself can be rotated by hand, or the liquid might be contained in a round container on a platform that rotates, as in certain experimental fermentation procedures. A common subtype is ''ReelingSomethingOntoASpool'' as in done in various actions such as rod fishing.
Super-classes	CausingAnObjectToMove^c Rotation^c
Restrictions	caused^op value Rotation^c hadObjectMoved^op some (PhysicalObject^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	RotatingaShaft^c ReelingSomethingOnOrOffaSpool^c

CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion`
Description	This type represents the causative (transitive) sense of 'move' in which some agent causes an object to undergo a Translocation. This differs somewhat from the CYC by not requiring that the agent provide the motive force; 'Dropping' is a subtype (removing a support) and in that case the motive force is provided by gravity. This can be used as the parent for translations of undefined origin and destination (such as 'towing') as well as completed translations (such as a 'shift' or 'transfer'). NOTE that this refers to an ''Object'' but for convenience this type can specify causing an instance of SubstanceType to move, as in pumping or inflating with gas or liquid. @ToDo: in a later (>981) version, the distinction might be restored. NOTE: In SUMO the same notion appears to be represented by the term 'Transfer' In COSMO the more expressive Cyc term is used. 'transfer' occurs in the labels for this and other types of transfer (such as ''MoneyTransfer''. COSMO note: in COSMO this is interepreted as including Actions where an animal causes a part (but not the whole) of its body to move, such as in an event where a person deliberately touches something. The thing moved is not the whole animal,therefore the Agent and the thing moved are not identical. Cyc: A specialization of both #$ActionOnObject and #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, one object causes another object to undergo a translational motion. The object causing the motion is related to the event by #$providerOfMotiveForce (q.v.), while the object which is caused to move is related by #$objectActedOn and #$objectMoving (qq.v.). One way to cause another object's motion is to carry it along with oneself (see the specialization #$CarryingWhileLocomoting); other ways include throwing it, kicking it, or knocking it away. Some instances of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion may also be instances of #$Translation-Complete (such as instances of #$CarryingWhileLocomoting), whereas others (such as instances of #$PumpingFluid) may be instances of #$FluidFlow-Translation. Instances of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion include a train transporting passengers, a person pushing a coin into a vending machine, the release of a bowstring which propels an arrow, and a magnet attracting a nail. SUMO: Any instance of Translocation where the agent and the patient are not the same thing. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'move' (the physical movement sense) and verb sense 1 of 'transfer' and non sense 1 of 'transfer' in WordNet. For transfers of money or liquid assets, use 'MoneyTransfer'. in WordNet: 2. (60) move, displace - (cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; 'Move those boxes into the corner, please'; 'I'm moving my money to another bank'; 'The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant') WN verb 'transfer': 1. (7) transfer, shift - (move around; 'transfer the packet from his trouser pockets to a pocket in his jacket') WN noun 'transfer': 1. (20) transportation, transfer, transferral, conveyance - (the act of moving something from one location to another)
Super-classes	Translocation^c CausingAnObjectToMove^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (PhysicalObject^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) caused^op value Motion^c
Sub-classes	BeatingAnAnimal^c SwingingaRod^c PuttingOnAClothingItem^c RockingSomething^c RollingAnObject^c Dropping^c Conveying-Generic^c Propelling^c DischargingaLiquid^c Transplanting^c Bursting^c ChasingSomethingAway^c ShakingSomething^c Funneling^c MovingByLifting^c DirectedTranslation^c

CausingAwe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingAwe`
Description	''CausingAwe'' is an Event that causes ''Awe''. `NOTE: the parent for verb 'awe' in WN is to frighten someone, but here although at least one sense of 'awe' can inclue being frightened, this sense is primarily for causing an ''Awe'' which is a mixture of admiration and repect, with a little bit of surprise at the grandeur of the thing causing the awe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'awe' in WordNet: 1. (4) awe - (an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration; 'he stared over the edge with a feeling of awe')`
Super-classes	CausingaFeeling^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Awed^c causesMentalEventType^op value Awe^c

CausingChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingChange`
Description	An Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation, some Object or Force - physically causes some Event, and that Event results in a Change. This is used for Events that have a salient component of something changing - for example, 'modernization' (to make more modern). Other '-ization' words may also carry similar meaning, to cause to become something specific. This meaning is contained in the Chinese character 'hua\' (fourth tone), meaning 'to change', used in combinations that convey the meaning of 'cause to change'. `This is an Event in which some causative agency (agent or Event) directly results in another Event. For the relations specifying what caused what, see 'causes' and 'caused'.`
Super-classes	CausingSomething^c Action^c
Sub-classes	SwitchingOneThingForAnother^c PopulatingaPlace^c Discoloring^c Modification^c CausingaShapeChange^c CausingAnAttributeChange^c ChangingDirection^c SurfaceChangeEvent^c CausingaChemicalChange^c FertilizingaFemaleOrganism^c

CausingDeepLaughter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingDeepLaughter`
Description	A ''CausingDeepLaughter'' is an ''AmusementEvent'' that causes a ''Person'' to be 'convulsed with laughter', ''ConvulsiveLaughter'', laughing so deeply as to be hard to stop. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 1. (1) convulse - (make someone convulse with laughter; 'The comedian convulsed the crowd')`
Super-classes	AmusementEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ConvulsiveLaughing^c

CausingHarmony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingHarmony`
Description	''CausingHarmony'' is an Action in which an Agent performs some Action to make different parts of a System or Situation work together in 'harmony'. This is very general, applicable to different types of situation. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'harmonize' in WordNet: 4. harmonize, harmonise - (bring into consonance or relate harmoniously; 'harmonize the different interests')`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	causes^op value GoingWellTogether^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Harmonious^c

CausingIllHealth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingIllHealth`
Description	''CausingIllHealth'' is a ''PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent'' where the harm is an ''AilmentCondition'', whether mild or severe.
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value AilmentCondition^c hadAgentHarmed^op value Animal^c

CausingMentalDistress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingMentalDistress`
Description	''CausingMentalDistress'' is an 'UpsettingEvent' that is an ''Action'' that causes a person to feel ''MentalDistress''. The ''MentalDistress'' can be relatively mild, or intense. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'hurt' in WordNet: 3. (4) pain, anguish, hurt - (cause emotional anguish or make miserable; 'It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school')`
Super-classes	Action^c UpsettingEvent^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value MentalDistress^c

CausingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingSomething`
Description	An Event in which some thing - an agent, an Event or Action, a Situation - physically causes some Event. This does not include the psychological 'causing' in which some event causes an agent to perform some Action. This is an Event in which some causative agency directly results in another Event. For the relations specifying what caused what, see 'causes' and 'caused'. NOTE that 'CausingSomething' is a SUBTYPE of 'AffectingSomething' - the linguistic use of 'cause' requires a stronger relation than just 'affect'; to 'cause' is to be one of a small number of unquestioned direct causes, not merely to have some influence. COSMO note: causality is a very primitive concept, about which there is no broad consensus. For COSMO, the main inference is the contrafactual assertion that 'if A caused B, B would not have occurred without A'. This by itself does not distinguish 'cause' from enabling conditions, which are represented in COSMO by the relation 'allowed'. The notion of 'causality' in COSMO requires that matter or energy be transferred from the objects participating in the causal Event to some Objects participating in the Effect Event. In the relation 'allows', this direct form of causation is not required. Processes can also have causal relations. The causality of processes is not yet elaborated in COSMO. More logical elaboration is needed. Although 'causing' is a subtype of 'affecting' one would use 'affecting' or 'influencing' linguistically only if 'causing' wasn't an intended meaning. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet (see also relation 'caused'): in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'yield': 1. (6) yield, give, afford - (be the cause or source of; 'He gave me a lot of trouble'; 'Our meeting afforded much interesting information')
Super-classes	AffectingSomething^c CausalEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some (ActionType^c or Difference^c or AttributeValueChange^c or Event^c or ImpartingAnAttribute^c or AttributeValueType^c or EventType^c or DifferenceType^c)
Sub-classes	ProblemCausingEvent^c CausingChange^c Engendering^c OpportunityCausingEvent^c CausingAnObjectToMove^c CausingAnEvent^c MotivatingAnAgentToAct^c

CausingToSwell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingToSwell`
Description	A ''CausingToSwell'' is the transitive Action that causes something to 'swell up' or expand (the action represented in the ost general sense by ''Swelling-Generic''). NOtTE that this is an action, and when the presence of a substace (e.g. Water) causes something to swell, the thing causing the swelling is the state of 'the presence of water'. `Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'swell' in WordNet: 6. swell - (cause to become swollen; 'The water swells the wood')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value SwellingEvent^c causes^op value Swelling-Generic^c
Sub-classes	DistendingSomething^c

CausingaChemicalChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingaChemicalChange`
Description	CausingaChemicalChange is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which the chemical composition of some Object or Substance is changed in some way, causing a ''ChemicalTransformationEvent''. This can be done by several methods,such as heating or irradiating,or in some cases by changing the pressure on the object. If the change is caused by reacting with another substance,that would be causing a ''Chemicalreaction''.
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c CausingChange^c
Restrictions	causedChange^op value ChemicalTransformationEvent^c hadMainParticipant^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) hadChangedEntity^op value ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Incinerating^c

CausingaColorChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingaColorChange`
Description	''CausingaColorChange'' is an Action that causes the 'Color' of an Object or Substance to change.
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	hasChangedAttribute^op value ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Darkening^c Charring^c

CausingaFeeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingaFeeling`
Description	''CausingaFeeling'' is an Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - physically causes some Feeling in a Person (or perhaps an animal).
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op some FeelingType^c
Sub-classes	EmbarrassingSomeone^c CausingAwe^c TreatEvent^c OutrageousAction^c Luxuriating^c IndulgingaDesire^c Relieving^c HangingOutWithFriends^c PleasantEvent^c

CausingaMentalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingaMentalEvent`
Description	Each 'CausingaMentalEvent' is an Event (including static situations) that causes some mental Event (such as a Feeling) in the mind of some 'IntentionalAgent'. One example is a 'PleasingEvent', causing Pleasure. Every 'Perceiving' causes some MentalEvent - at least a 'Learning' which occurs when an agent perceives something and that perception is registered in short-term memory. 'Perceiving' is itself a MentalEvent (as well as a PhysicalEvent), and can be caused by external Events entering the field of perception: a sound blaring, an object entering the field of vision, an odor entering a person's nose. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impress' in WordNet: 5. affect, impress, move, strike - (have an emotional or cognitive impact upon; 'This child impressed me as unusually mature'; 'This behavior struck me as odd')`
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	AnnoyingEvent^c InterestingaPerson^c UpsettingaPerson^c Reminding^c ImpressingSomeone^c FrighteningEvent^c PleasingEvent^c EnergizingaPerson^c UnpleasantEvent^c InspiringSomeone^c SaddeningaPerson^c

CausingaNegativeSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingaNegativeSituation`
Description	Each ''CausingaNegativeSituation'' is a vague class of Events in which a Person performs some action that creates a new Situation in which there is a risk - to the acting agent (the 'Performative Agent') or to someone else (the 'Affected Aent') - of some undesirable Event to the agent at risk (either agent). This differs from the sister type ''NecessitatingSomething'' in that the situation created does not necessarily call for action on the part of the agent placed at risk. This type of Action is expressed by terms such as 'subjecting' (an agent to risk) or 'incurring' (a negative response). The latter - afecting oneself - is represented by the subtype ''IncurringaNegativeSituation''. In the WN gloss, 'subjecting' (which is often used for actions causing negative effects on others) is also used to mean subject himself to 'judgents'. Thus causing a negative situation to oneself is repreented here as the subtype ''IncurringaNegativeSituation'' of this more general type. This more general type should be used to represent causing a negative situation for people other than the Performative Agent. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'subject' in WordNet: 1. (10) subject - (cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to; 'He subjected me to his awful poetry'; 'The sergeant subjected the new recruits to many drills'; 'People in Chernobyl were subjected to radiation') 2. (6) subject - (make accountable for; 'He did not want to subject himself to the judgments of his superiors') WN verb 'incur': 1. (11) incur - (make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to; 'People who smoke incur a great danger to their health')
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value UndesirableThing^c
Sub-classes	DislocatingaBone^c HarmingAnAgent^c InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone^c

CausingaPerception^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingaPerception`
Description	''CausingaPerception'' is an Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - physically causes some ''Perceiving'' in a Person (or perhaps an animal). NOTE: this type could nominally be applied to any Event that is perceived by a Person, but this only for Events that characteristically or typically cause some Perceptions, such as Events inside the body of an Organism. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cause to be perceived' in WordNet: 1. cause to be perceived - (have perceptible qualities)`
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Perceiving^c

CausingaPersonToAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingaPersonToAct`
Description	Each ''CausingaPersonToAct'' is a 'CausingAnEvent' in which some Event provides the motivation for a 'Person'' to perform some kind of Action.. NOTE: that the Parent type ''ProvokingAnAction'' is an Event that provides a stimulus to act, but the Person tempted to act may not actually perform the act; this type is for a 'inducing' Event that in fact does cause a Person to act. @ToDo: the terms 'indice and provoke' may be used in either sense, and how to differentiate will need study of multiple examples. 'the Devil made me do it.' NOTE: this is for any Event that can stimuate a human Action - including perceptions, experiences, or the Actions of other agents. The more forceful 'compulsion' by People of other people is represented by the subtype ''Compelling'', and the more gentle or non-compulsive 'persuading' using linguistic arguments is ''PersuadingToAct''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'make' in WordNet: 4. (85) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa')
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c ProvokingAnAction^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	PersuadingToAct^c Compelling^c

CausingaShapeChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CausingaShapeChange`
Description	An Event in which something (usually Object, but could be a rate or a process or a path) is caused to change by the influence of some other Object or Event (or Force?). `For the intentional Action of an agent casusing a sape change, use ''ShapingSomething''.`
Super-classes	CausingChange^c BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c DeflectingSomething^c AbradingaSurface^c ShapingSomething^c

Caution^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caution

Description

A static Event during which a person experiences caution for some interval of time. Synonym of 'Care' as in 'take care' = 'be cautious'. Caution is not Fear, but is an attitude (here represented as a Feeling) that is intentional. @ToDo - perhaps attitudes should be in a separate parallel branch to Feelings?

      Caution is a DirectedFeeling because the person who is
      taking Caution has some hazard in mind.

      Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'caution' and noun sense 2 of 'care' in WordNet: 
      WN noun 'care':
        2. (4) caution, precaution, care, forethought - (judiciousness in 
          avoiding harm or danger; 'he exercised caution in opening the door'; 
          'he handled the vase with care')

Super-classes DirectedFeeling^c
EmotionalState^c

Cautious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cautious`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling Caution, and as a consequence acts with caution. This AttributeValue attributes both a Feeling and a Behavior to an Animal. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'cautious' and part of sense 1 of 'careful' in WordNet (not including 'showing care or attention' - use ''Careful''): in WordNet: 1. (2) cautious - (showing careful forethought; 'reserved and cautious; never making swift decisions'; 'a cautious driver') 3. cautious - (cautious in attitude and careful in actions; prudent; 'a cautious answer'; 'very cautious about believing everything she was told') WN 'careful': 1. (19) careful - (exercising caution or showing care or attention; 'they were careful when crossing the busy street'; 'be careful to keep her shoes clean'; 'did very careful research'; 'careful art restorers'; 'careful of the rights of others'; 'careful about one's behavior')
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Frugal^c Wary^c PoliticallyConservative^c Prudent^c ConservativelyInclined^c ConservativeInAction^c

Cavalry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cavalry`
Description	This ''Cavalry'' represents the military unit that fights on horseback. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cavalry' in WordNet: 1. (7) cavalry, horse cavalry, horse - (troops trained to fight on horseback; '500 horse led the attack') WN noun 'horse cavalry': 2. horse cavalry - (an army unit mounted on horseback)`
Super-classes	MilitaryOrganization^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Horse^c hasMember^op only HorsebackCavalryman^c

Cavalryman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cavalryman

Description

A ''Cavalryman'' is any 'Soldier' (male or female) serving in a branch of the military referred to as 'cavalry', which in modern armies includes motorized and armored units. The older type of 'cavalryman' who fights on horseback is represented as a ''HorsebackCavalryman''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cavalryman' in WordNet:
          1. (1) cavalryman, trooper - (a soldier in a motorized army unit)

Super-classes Soldier^c

Cave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cave`
Description	A 'Cave'' is a ''DeepHoleInTheGround'' that is natural (not artifactual). It can be of any size but to fit the commonsense meaning it should be at least big enough for some kind of mammal to enter. Thus it can serve in the ''Role''of a ''Den'' for an animal,including people ('cave man'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cave' in WordNet: 1. (4) cave - (a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea)`
Super-classes	LandTopographicalFeature^c UndergroundLocation^c DeepHoleInTheGround^c AirPathThroughSolid^c CavityWithWalls^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Subterranean^c canServeInRole^op value Den^c
Sub-classes	Cavern^c

CaveMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaveMan`
Description	A ''CaveMan'' is any ''PrimitivePerson'' of any age or sex who has lived habitually in a ''Cave'', in the prehistorc era. `This is for persons who lived before civilization began, more than fifteen thousand years BC. A modern who decides to live in a cave is not an instance. For that, see ''Hermit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cave man' in WordNet: 1. caveman, cave man, cave dweller, troglodyte - (someone who lives in a cave)`
Super-classes	PrimitivePerson^c DeadPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prehistoric^c inhabits^op value Cave^c

Caveat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caveat`
Description	A ''Caveat'' is a ''WarningText'' mentioning a ''PossibleFutureDanger'' that may be a consequence of a ''PossibleFutureAction''. `'caveat emptor' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caveat' in WordNet: 1. (1) caution, caveat - (a warning against certain acts; 'a caveat against unfair practices')`
Super-classes	WarningText^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureDanger^c hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureAction^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaveatEmptor

Cavern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cavern`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cavern' in WordNet: 2. (1) cavern - (a large cave or a large chamber in a cave)`
Super-classes	Cave^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Cavernous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cavernous`
Description	''Cavernous'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that attributes a similarity to a ''Cvern'' to the thing characterized. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cavernous' in WordNet: 1. cavernous - (being or suggesting a cavern; 'vast cavernous chambers hollowed out of limestone')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Caviar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caviar`
Description	''Caviar'' is a ''Roe'' (the best is from the''Sturgeon'') that is collected and packaged as a Food. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caviar' in WordNet: 1. caviar, caviare - (salted roe of sturgeon or other large fish; usually served as an hors d'oeuvre)`
Super-classes	Seafood^c Roe^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Sturgeon^c isDerivedFrom^op value Sturgeon^c

Cavity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cavity`
Description	COSMO Note: This is a heterogeneous category, which could be a (relatively empty) region in side a PhysicalObject or a PhysicalObject surrounding an Empty space. A ''Cavity'' need not be surrounded on all sides, but should at least be surrounded completely in some 2-dimensional plane. The space inside a 'tube' is a ''Cavity'', and the space inside an inflated balloon is also a ''Cavity'' Cyc: The collection of all cavities, including instances of #$Crevice, deep concavities or holes, and cavities of containers (for example, the interior of a box). Instances of #$Cavity can include walls as parts, in which case they are instances of #$CavityWithWalls. Instances of #$Cavity, unlike instances of #$Container, do not have well defined outside walls. includes all 4 sense of 'cavity' in WordNet: 1. (1) pit, cavity - (a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); 'they dug a pit to bury the body') 2. cavity, enclosed space - (space that is surrounded by something) 3. cavity, caries, dental caries, tooth decay - (soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth)
Super-classes	Opening^c PhysicalFeature^c CavityOrContainer^c
Sub-classes	SpaceInAHOC^c Portal^c CavityWithWalls^c

CavityOrContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CavityOrContainer`
Description	CYC: The collection of all cavities, containers, and hollow objects. An instance of #$CavityOrContainer spatially subsumes a hollow space region, and might include as #$physicalParts either no enclosing walls (#$CavityInteriorRegion), just the inside surface of the walls (#$CavityWithWalls), or the complete walls (#$ContainerShapedObject). #$Containers, such as coffee cups, buildings or stomachs, have well-defined outside walls. Instances of #$Cavity such as caves and rooms do not have well-defined outside walls. #$CavityOrContainer was reified since certain properties hold true of both instances of #$Container and of #$Cavity, and since we wish to use certain predicates interchangeably. For example, we wish to use the same predicate, #$pipeEndsAtCavity for talking about relationships holding between esophagi and stomachs in addition to that which holds between hallways and rooms.
Super-classes	SpatialThing-Localized^c
Sub-classes	BodyCavity^c FluidConduit^c ContainerShapedObject^c Cavity^c

CavityWithWalls^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CavityWithWalls`
Description	COSMO Note: every reified instance of 'CavityWithWalls' must specify the object in which it is a cavity, using the 'isLocatedAt' relation. The relation 'hasSpatialPartType' specifies that some hole is part of a CavityWithWalls, but the hole itself does not need to be reified for each instance. NOTE that any ''CavityWithWalls'' can be a ''GenericContainer'', in that the space inside a ''CavityWithWalls'' can be ocupied by some small enough ''Physicalobject'' (sollid or liquid). Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible and #$Cavity. Each instance of #$CavityWithWalls is an individual that spatially subsumes both the intangible space region inside a cavity (see #$CavityInteriorRegion) and the surfaces that constitute the inner walls of the cavity. Compare #$CavityWithWalls to the collection #$Cavity - some instances of #$Cavity have their walls as parts, and some do not.
Super-classes	GenericContainer^c PhysicalObject^c Cavity^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Sinus^c Crevice^c Sac-Organic^c WateringCan^c Leak^c Crater^c Cervix^c BodilyOrifice^c Basin^c Valley^c Cirque^c SpaceInAFixedHOC^c WindowPortal^c ChestCavity^c Doorway^c Alveolus^c Cave^c Gateway^c HoleInTheGround^c Bladder^c Excavation-Hole^c Chamber^c

Cavy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cavy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cavy' in WordNet: 1. cavy - (short-tailed rough-haired South American rodent)`
Super-classes	Rodent^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value ShortTail^c
Sub-classes	GuineaPig^c

Cayenne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cayenne`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cayenne' in WordNet: 2. cayenne, cayenne pepper, red pepper - (ground pods and seeds of pungent red peppers of the genus Capsicum)`
Super-classes	Seasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CayennePepper^c

CayennePepper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CayennePepper`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cayenne pepper' in WordNet: 3. cayenne, cayenne pepper - (a long and often twisted hot red pepper)`
Super-classes	ChiliPepper^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot-Spicy^c

CayennePepperPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CayennePepperPlant

Description

A ''CayennePepperPlant'' is the 'Bush'' whose fruit is the ''CayennePepper''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cayenne pepper' in WordNet:
         1. cayenne, cayenne pepper, chili pepper, chilli pepper, long pepper,
            jalapeno, Capsicum annuum longum - (plant bearing very hot
            and finely tapering long peppers; usually red)

Super-classes CapsicumPepperPlant^c

CeaseFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeaseFire`
Description	A ''CeaseFire''is a type of 'Pause' (a temporary cessation; a 'PersistentState') of some ''War'' (military fighting whether declared as a ''War'' or not). The Halting event that causes this PersistentState is not represented here. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cease-fire' in WordNet: 1. armistice, cease-fire, truce - (a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms)`
Super-classes	Pause^c PurposefulInaction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op value War^c isCausedBy^op value PausingHostilities^c

CeaseParticipating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeaseParticipating`
Description	''CeaseParticipating'' is a ''Refraining'' from participation in some Action involving a GroupOfPeople. `Corresponds to part For particpation, not for physical motion) verb sense 1 of 'withdraw' in Wordnet: 2. (4) retire, withdraw - (withdraw from active participation; 'He retired from chess')`
Super-classes	ConsciousActivity^c PurposefulAction^c QuittingAction^c
Restrictions	finishes^op value EngagingInAnActivity^c
Sub-classes	Defecting^c

Ceaseless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ceaseless

Description

''Ceaseless'' is the attribute of something that continues or cold continue indefinitely, at least until some external event causes it to stop.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ceaseless' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) ceaseless, constant, incessant, never-ending, perpetual, unceasing, unremitting - 
             (uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing; 'the ceaseless thunder of surf'; 
             'in constant pain'; 'night and day we live with the incessant noise of the city'; 
             'the never-ending search for happiness'; 'the perpetual struggle to maintain standards 
             in a democracy'; 'man's unceasing warfare with drought and isolation'; 
             'unremitting demands of hunger')

Super-classes LongLasting^c

Ceaselessly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ceaselessly

Description

''Ceaselessly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the action is performed repeatedly or seemingly repeatedly and exhibits 'persistence' on the part of theAgent performing the Action.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ceaselessly' in Wordnet:
           1. endlessly, ceaselessly, incessantly, unceasingly, unendingly, continuously -
           (with unflagging resolve; 'dance inspires him ceaselessly to strive higher 
           and higher toward the shining pinnacle of perfection that is the goal 
           of every artiste')
       WN adv 'persistently':
         1. (1) persistently - (in a persistent manner; 
           'he was asking questions, unavoidable questions, persistently...')

Super-classes Constantly^c

CeasingToExist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeasingToExist`
Description	''CeasingToExist'' is an Event in which some Object or type of Object no longer has ''Existence'' in some World or Context. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'vanish' in WordNet: 4. vanish, disappear - (cease to exist; 'An entire civilization vanished')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c EndingOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeBefore^op value Existing^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Nonexistent^c
Sub-classes	Annihilation^c Razing^c Disassembling^c

Cecum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cecum

Description

CYC: The collection of all ceca. The #$Cecum (also 'caecum')is located at the proximal end of the #$LargeIntestine, situated below the #$IleoCecalValve. The #$Appendix-OrganPart arises from the #$Cecum.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cecum' in WordNet:
        1. cecum, caecum, blind gut - 
            (the cavity in which the large intestine begins and 
            into which the ileum opens; 'the appendix is an offshoot of the cecum')

Super-classes BodyCavity^c
AnatomicalVessel^c
Intestine^c

CedarTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CedarTree

Description

        Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'cedar tree' in WordNet:
          1. cedar, cedar tree - (any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars)
          2. cedar, cedar tree, true cedar - (any cedar of the genus Cedrus)

Super-classes Tree^c
ConiferousTree^c

CedarWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CedarWood`
Description
Super-classes	Wood^c Lumber^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CedarTree^c

Ceiling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ceiling`
Description	The top part of a room in a structure, above the open space of the Room, and below the Roof or the Floor of the next level. This includes the top part of a room in a portable structure, such as the flexible canvas supported by poles in an 'ErectedTent'. A Ceiling can be slanted, though it commonly is horizontal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ceiling' in WordNet: 1. (7) ceiling - - (the overhead upper surface of a room; 'he hated painting the ceiling')`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op some Room^c
Sub-classes	TentCeiling^c DomedCeiling^c

CelebratingChristmas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CelebratingChristmas`
Description	''CelebratingChristmas'' is any form of ''Celebration'' that is performed during the season around ''Christmas'', which is December 25th in the West and 13 days later for those still using the Eastern calendar.
Super-classes	PleasantThing^c Celebration^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value ChristmasSeason^c

Celebration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Celebration`
Description	Generic 'celebrations' not necessarily organized. It could be spontaneous, as in response to some news. ??If assisted by social media communications is it 'organized'??? `The relation ''observesOrCelebrates'' can be used to point to an Event that is being celebrated, and 'hadHonoree'' can be used to point to a Person(s) who are being feted, honored, or given something of value. CYC: The collection of acts of celebrating. For example, jumping for joy. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'celebration' in WordNet: 2. (1) celebration, festivity - (any joyous diversion)`
Super-classes	RecreationalActivity^c HumanActivity^c SocialGathering^c
Sub-classes	OrganizedCelebration^c Merrymaking^c Gala^c CelebratingChristmas^c

Celebrity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Celebrity`
Description	SUMO: Anyone who is known by a large number of people, either explicitly by name, or by action. `COSMO note: this differs from 'FamousHuman' in that it applies primarily to entertainers and artists(such as authors), rather than to those who are famous within some other restricted areas such as science. Some but not all sports players become celebrities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'celebrity' in WordNet: 1. (1) celebrity, famous person - (a widely known person; 'he was a baseball celebrity')`
Super-classes	FamousHuman^c
Sub-classes	GenericHero^c HeadOfGovernment^c HeadOfState^c StarEntertainer^c

Celery-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Celery-Foodstuff`
Description	Celery (the substance of which a ''CeleryPlant'' consists), in any of its edible forms, whether raw or cooked. Usually it is in the form of stalks, but can be chopped as an additive in various foods. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'celery' in Wordnet: 2. celery - (stalks eaten raw or cooked or used as seasoning)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c CommodityProduct^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CeleryPlant^c

CeleryPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeleryPlant`
Description	Individual celery plants. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'celery' in Wordnet: 1. celery, cultivated celery, Apium graveolens dulce - (widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c CropPlant^c Vegetable-Plant^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Celery-Foodstuff^c

Celestial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Celestial

Description

''Celestial'' is the PertainingAttribute pertaining to the ''Sky'' or ''OuterSpace'',and to any objects not located on Earth, but visible (in theory) in the sky.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'celestial' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) celestial, heavenly - (of or relating to the sky; 'celestial map'; 'a heavenly body')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CelestialOrbit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CelestialOrbit

Description

A ''CelestialOrbit'' is some ''Path-spatial'' that is a ''ClosedLoopObject''. It is a closed loop in outer space around any celestial body, of any size or location.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orbit' in WordNet:
          1. (11) orbit, celestial orbit - (the (usually elliptical)
          path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another; 
          'he plotted the orbit of the moon')

Super-classes ClosedLoopObject^c
Path-Spatial^c

Cell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cell`
Description	COSMO note: to add some detail to the representation of a biological cell, a restriction is used to require that the Cell have at least a CellMembrane and a Genome (a NuclearBody) Cyc: The collection of living cells; a specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject. Each instance of #$Cell is one of the basic structural units of nearly all living things, consisting (at least) of cytoplasm bounded by a cell membrane. Only the living structures viruses, mitochondria, and plastids are not composed of cells. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cell' in WordNet: 2. (44) cell - ((biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals)
Super-classes	MicroscopicScaleObject^c FunctionalSystem^c SolidObject^c BiologicalLivingObject^c
Restrictions	containsObjects^op value CellMembraneAndGenome^c
Sub-classes	NerveCell^c EukaryoticCell^c MetazoanCell^c BloodCell^c SingleCellOrganism^c

CellDivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellDivision`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cell division' in WordNet: 1. cell division, cellular division - (the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c BiologicalReproductionEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Gamete^c
Sub-classes	Meiosis^c

CellMembrane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellMembrane

Description

CYC: The collection of all #$LipidBilayers that enclose eukaryotic or prokaryotic #$Cells.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cell membrane' in WordNet:
            1. cell membrane, cytomembrane, plasma membrane - 
               (a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing 
               the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control
               passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) 
               in and out of the cell; 'all cells have a cell membrane')

Super-classes CellSurfacePart^c
TissueMembrane^c
SurfacePart^c
SemipermeableMembrane^c

CellMembraneAndGenome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellMembraneAndGenome`
Description	Each 'CellMembraneAndGenome' is an essential Group of Objects that must be present in a living Cell. Other object may also be required, but this Group is represented so as to provide a minimum structural description of a living Cell, which can be elaborated as needed..
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c NuclearBody^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value NuclearBody^c hasComponentPart^op value Genome^c hasComponentElement^op value CellMembrane^c

CellNucleus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellNucleus`
Description	The part of a #$EukaryoticCell that contains most of its genetic material. `SUMO: The part of the Cell that contains DNA and RNA. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cell nucleus' in WordNet: 1. nucleus, cell nucleus, karyon - (a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction)`
Super-classes	Organelle^c NuclearBody^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Chromosome^c

CellPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellPart`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is or was a part of some living cell. This includes things like the cell membrane, genome, ribosomes, etc. `Cyc: The collection of structures which are typically found and formed as parts of #$Cells. This covers components of both #$EukaryoticCells and #$ProkaryoticCells. It includes organelles, vesicles, cell walls, extracellular matrix, plasma membranes, receptors, cellular humours, microtubules, etc.`
Super-classes	OrganismPart^c MicroscopicScaleObject^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Cell^c isaPartOf^op value Cell^c
Sub-classes	NuclearBody^c CellPart-Structural^c CellSurfacePart^c Organelle^c NerveFiber^c

CellPart-Structural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellPart-Structural`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$CellPart that are specifically concerned with helping a particular #$Cell maintain it's physical integrity and structure. Instances of #$CellPart-Structural are different from the cellular 'micro-organs' known as #$Organelles.
Super-classes	CellPart^c
Sub-classes	TissueMembrane^c

CellPhoneNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellPhoneNumber`
Description	A CellPhoneNumber identifies a node (telephone) in some cellular telephone system. It is sometimes used as a surrogate Identifier for people, but this node does not necessarily have that sense.
Super-classes	TelephoneNumber^c

CellSurfacePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellSurfacePart`
Description	A ''CellSurfacePart'' is a ''CellPart'' that is normally located on the surface of a Cell.
Super-classes	CellPart^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Cell^c
Sub-classes	CellMembrane^c SurfaceReceptor^c

Cello^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cello`
Description	medium-sized stringed instrument in the violin family. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cello' in WordNet: 1. cello, violoncello - (a large stringed instrument; seated player holds it upright while playing)`
Super-classes	BowedStringInstrument^c MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Cellular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cellular

Description

Redefined as an attribute value.

      Cyc:  The collection of objects with a structure that
          divides into containing cells or compartments.  This
          includes both multi-cellular organisms and non-living
          cellular objects like beehives.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cellular' in Wordnet:
             2. cellular - (characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments 
               (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization);
               'the cellular construction of a beehive'; 'any effective opposition 
               to a totalitarian regime must be secretive and cellular')

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

CellularTelephone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CellularTelephone`
Description	Any mobile telephone that connects via radio signals. `CYC: Cellular mobile telephone unit usually used in automobiles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cellphone' in WordNet: 1. cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, cell, mobile phone - (a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver)`
Super-classes	PersonalDevice^c WirelessCommunicationDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c ContactLocation^c Telephone^c
Sub-classes	SmartPhone^c

Cellulose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cellulose

Description

a polysaccharide that is the main constituent of the cell walls of plants.

        SUMO: The main component of Plant Tissue.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cellulose' in WordNet:
            1. (6) cellulose - (a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant
               tissues and fibers)

Super-classes PlantProduct^c
MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c
Polysaccharide^c

CelsiusDegree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CelsiusDegree

Description

A TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point and the boiling point of water are, respectively, 0 CelsiusDegrees and 100 CelsiusDegrees.

  Corresponds to part of sense 3 of 'degree' and sense 1 of
    'degree Celsius' in WordNet:
    4. (7) degree - (a unit of temperature on a specified scale;
      'the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature')
    1. degree centigrade, degree Celsius, C - (a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature)

Super-classes TemperatureMeasure^c

Celt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Celt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Celt' in WordNet: 1. Celt, Kelt - (a member of a European people who once occupied Britain and Spain and Gaul prior to Roman times)`
Super-classes	EuropeanPerson^c

Celtic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Celtic

Description

''Celtic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Celtic''s or their language or culture.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Celtic' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) Celtic, Gaelic - (relating to or characteristic of the Celts)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Cement-Adhesive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cement-Adhesive

Description

Cement-Adhesive is an Adhesive substance that starts as a liquid, but dries into a hard solid that grips two solid objects together. It differs from some other adhesives, such as that on the back of a band-aid, in that not all adhesives need to dry in order to perform their gripping function, whereas Cement-Adhesive in COSMO only grips as intended after it has substantially hardened.

    NOTE that 'Cement-Structural' is not an Adhesive,
     as it is not necessarily employed for holding
     objects together, but more commonly as a structural
     support.

    Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cement' in WordNet:
      3. (1) cement - (something that hardens to act as adhesive material)

Super-classes Adhesive^c

Cement-Structural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cement-Structural`
Description	'Cement-Structural' is a subclass of Mixture whose instances may contain various minerals or ores, prepared by heating and pulverizing, and used in binding Concrete or in laying brick or stone. `RHW: 1, any of various calcined mixtures of clay and limestone, usually mixed with water and sand, gravel, etc., to form concrete, that are used as a building material. @ToDo1231 add 'Clay' and quickLime? Called 'Cement' in SUMO. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cement' in WordNet: 2. (2) cement - (a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay; used with water and sand or gravel to make concrete and mortar)`
Super-classes	BondingMaterial^c InorganicMaterial^c Mixture^c BuildingMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Clay^c hasComponentSubstance^op value QuickLime^c

Censor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Censor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'censor' in WordNet: 2. censor - (a person who is authorized to read publications or correspondence or to watch theatrical performances and suppress in whole or in part anything considered obscene or politically unacceptable)`
Super-classes	Functionary^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Censoring^c

Censored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Censored`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'censored' in Wordnet: 1. censored - (suppressed or subject to censorship; 'the censored press in some countries')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Censoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Censoring`
Description	''Censoring'' is an Action in which some part of an ''AbstractText'' is removed and possibly replaced; the ''AbstractText'' can be any kind of text, including the scripts for plays and movies. The motivation for this Action is the preference of some Authority to ban the publiction of some kinds of speech or ideas that it considers offensive. The reasons can be moral, ideological, or poltical. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'censoring' and includes verb sense 2 of 'censor' but is broader, including the bannng or changing of parts of a text or movie, in WordNet: 2. censoring, censorship - (deleting parts of publications or correspondence or theatrical performances) WN verb 'censor': 1. ban, censor - (forbid the public distribution of ( a movie or a newspaper))`
Super-classes	DeletingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value AbstractText^c isPerformedBy^op value Censor^c

Census^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Census

Description

A ''Surveying'' to determine the number of people (and perhaps some attributes of those people) in some region, usually 'taken' (performed) at specific time intervals.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'census' in WordNet:
        1. (1) census, nose count, nosecount - (a periodic count of the population)

Super-classes Surveying^c
Counting^c

Cent-US^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cent-US`
Description	A one-cent US Coin. `Corresponds to a subtype (for US currency) of noun sense 2 of 'cent' in WordNet: 2. (2) penny, cent, centime - - (a coin worth one-hundredth of the value of the basic unit)`
Super-classes	Coin^c Penny^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCentUS^c

Centennial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centennial

Description

'''Centennial'' is an AttributeValue pertaining to a ''CentennialDay'' and associated things such as celebrations occurring to mark that day (which do not necessarily occur on the exact day).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'centennial' in Wordnet:
         1. centennial, centenary - (of or relating to or completing a period of 100 years;
             'centennial celebration')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CentennialDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CentennialDay`
Description	A ''CentennialDay'' is the Day that occurs 10 years later than the original Day or Event that is being marked on the CentennialDay. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centennial' in WordNet: 1. (1) centennial, centenary - (the 100th anniversary (or the celebration of it))
Super-classes	AnniversaryDay^c
Restrictions	isLaterThanReferenceByYears^dp value 100.0^c

CenterField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CenterField`
Description	Each 'CenterField' is a part of a BaseballField outside the area delimited by the four bases, and between RightField and LeftField. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'center' in WordNet: 2. (10) center field, centerfield, center - (the piece of ground in the outfield directly ahead of the catcher; 'he hit the ball to deep center')`
Super-classes	AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some Baseball^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballField^c isBetween^op some RightAndLeftFields^c

CenterOfRotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CenterOfRotation`
Description	A ''CenterOfRotation'' is a ''SpacePoint-Empirical'' that is located in a PhysicalObject that is undergoing ''Rotation''
Super-classes	SpacePoint-Empirical^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	PlanetaryPole^c

CenterOfaGeographicalArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CenterOfaGeographicalArea`
Description	''Heartland'' is the
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c CenterPart^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op value GeographicalArea^c
Sub-classes	Heartland^c

CenterPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CenterPart`
Description	The CenterPart of something is a Role that a certain Part plays relative to the remainder of the whole of which it is a Part; to be a CenterPart (of an Object, Region, or Event, a TimeInterval, a Narrative) means that there are other parts that are contiguous to the CenterPart and there are at least two ends of that thing that are separated from the CenterPart by other parts of the thing. This can be used for abstract objects as well as physical objects. For the more specific kinds of CenterPart: For the center of a PhysicalObject use: 'MiddleOfAnObject'; for the CenterPart of a Region use: 'MiddleOfaRegion'; for the middle of an Event use: 'MiddleOfAnEvent'. In linguistic usage of 'center', it will usually be possible to distinguish which kind of 'center' is being referenced, and that center should be represented by the more specific type. This type is provided for those cases where some vague notion of 'center' is used and such disambiguation may not be possible. The closest WordNet sense is sense 1 of 'center', but this COSMO type may be broader than the intended meaning of that WordNet synset, which seems to focus on the center of a region: in WordNet: 1. (56) center, centre, middle, heart, eye - (an area that is approximately central within some larger region; 'it is in the center of town'; 'they ran forward into the heart of the struggle'; 'they were in the eye of the storm')
Super-classes	Part^c
Sub-classes	MiddleOfaRegion^c MiddleOfAnObject^c CenterOfaGeographicalArea^c MiddleOfaTimeInterval^c MiddleOfAnEvent^c

Centerboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centerboard`
Description	A ''Centerboard'' is a retractable ''FinKeel'' used on a sailboat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centerboard' in Wordnet: 1. centerboard, centreboard, drop keel, sliding keel - (a retractable fin keel used on sailboats to prevent drifting to leeward)`
Super-classes	FinKeel^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Sailboat^c

Centerpiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centerpiece

Description

This ''Centerpiece'' is a PhysicalObject, commonly used for a FloralArrangement placed at the center of a table, especially during dining.

     The more metaphorical sense of the word is represented by ''Centrepiece''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'centerpiece' in WordNet:
          2. centerpiece, centrepiece - (something placed at the center of something else (as on a table))

Super-classes Ornament^c

Centimeter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centimeter

Description

One centimeter - a Submultiple of Meter. Each instance is some distance of one centimeter. Symbol: cm. It is the 100th part of a Meter.

  For the  UnitOfMeasure instance,use  'centimeters'.  @ToDo: relation???

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centimeter' in WordNet:
    1. (7) centimeter, centimetre, cm - (a metric unit of length equal
      to one hundredth of a meter)

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

Centipede^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centipede`
Description	A ''Centipede'' is an ''Arthropod'' with the distinctive characteristic of having multiple legs, more than 20, up to over a hundred. Somewhat resembling a millipede. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centipede' in WordNet: 1. centipede - (chiefly nocturnal predacious arthropod having a flattened body of 15 to 173 segments each with a pair of legs the foremost being modified into poison fangs)`
Super-classes	VenomousAnimal^c Arthropod^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Leg^c

Central^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Central`
Description	'Central' is an AttributeValue of a part of something (Object, Event, TimeInterval, Narrative). that has other parts separating the CenterPart from its ends or edges. `Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'central' in WordNet: 2. (7) central - (in or near a center or constituting a center; the inner area; 'a central position'; 'central heating and air conditioning') 3. (4) central - (used in the description of a place that in the middle of another place; 'the people of Central and Northern Europe'; 'country in central Africa')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	CoreNuclear^c Mid^c

CentralBank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CentralBank`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'central bank' in WordNet: 1. central bank - (a government monetary authority that issues currency and regulates the supply of credit and holds the reserves of other banks and sells new issues of securities for the government)`
Super-classes	GovernmentAgency^c FinancialOrganization^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value IssuingMoney^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FederalReserve

CentralProcessingUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CentralProcessingUnit`
Description	A specialization of #$ComputerHardwareComponent. All and only instances of #$CentralProcessingUnit are the parts of computers that perform the actual interpretation of instructions and processing of data. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'central processing unit' in WordNet: 1. central processing unit, CPU, C.P.U., central processor, processor, mainframe - ((computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing; 'the CPU and the memory form the central part of a computer to which the peripherals are attached')`
Super-classes	Device^c ComputerHardwareComponent^c Processor^c
Sub-classes	Microprocessor^c

Centrality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centrality

Description

This sense of 'Centrality'' is the ''SpatialRelation'' characterizing an object that is at the (approximate or exct) center of some group of Object in space or of some spatial positions.

   NOTE: This term ad concet has been used metaphorically for concepts or
      actions resources that are indispensibly important in some context, 
      but that sense of 'centrality' is not in WordNet. e.g. in  WCD:
           1. the quality or state of being central
           2. central situation
           3. tendency to remain in or at the center.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centrality' in WordNet:
       1. centrality - (the property of being central)

Super-classes SpatialRelation^c

Centralized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centralized

Description

This sense of ''Centralized'' includes Activities that have been changed or organied to be controlled from a single central location, or for physical systems that have been orgnized so as to have some critical function located at one point in the system.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'centralized' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) centralized, centralised - (drawn toward a center or brought under the control 
            of a central authority; 'centralized control of emergency relief efforts'; 
            "centralized government")

Super-classes Modified^c

Centralizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centralizing`
Description	''Centralizing'' is the Action of causing some function or functioning system to be controlled from a single 'central' location. This can be an ''Altering'' of an existing system, or installing a system (e.g. heating or cooling) where it had not previously existed, as during a contruction process. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centralize' in WordNet: 1. (2) centralize, centralise, concentrate - (make central; 'The Russian government centralized the distribution of food')`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Centralized^c hadChangedEntity^op some (System^c or SystemType^c)

Centrally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centrally

Description

''Centrally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the adjective modified is interpreted as pertaining to a ''Center'' of something.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'centrally' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) centrally - (in or near or toward a center or according to 
             a central role or function; 'The theater is centrally located')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Centrepiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centrepiece`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centrepiece' in WordNet: 1. centerpiece, centrepiece - (the central or most important feature; 'education was the centerpiece of the Democratic Party's political platform')`
Super-classes	Feature^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some ProblemSituation^c

CentrifugalForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CentrifugalForce`
Description	A ''CentrifugalForce'' is a ''RepulsiveForce'' in that it causes Objects that are rotating around some axis and therefre subject to a ''CentrifugalForce'' to move away from the center of rotation. `This is thefore generated by any kind of rotation about an axis, such as in a ''Centrifuge'' or by sattellites around the Earth or by planets around some star. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centrifugal force' in WordNet: 1. centrifugal force - (the outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body)`
Super-classes	RepulsiveForce^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value MovingApart^c

Centrifuge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centrifuge`
Description	A ''Centrifuge'' is a Device that has cups to hold liquid or to hold bottles with liquid, which are rotated at a high speed around an axis to create a centrifugal force that can cause suspended articles (or in the case of ultracentrifuges, even large molecules) to fall to the bottom of the container, thus separating the particles from the suspending liquid. Centrifuges come in different sizes and use different speeds to separate out particles of different sizes from the suspending liquid. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centrifuge' in WordNet: 1. (2) centrifuge, extractor, separator - (an apparatus that uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a suspension)`
Super-classes	Instrument^c Apparatus^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToHold^op value LiquidSuspension^c isaRequiredInstrumentForAction^op value Centrifuging^c

Centrifuging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centrifuging`
Description	''Centrifuging'' is a separation event using a ''Centrifuge'', which has cups to hold a ''LiquidSuspension'' that are rotated at high speed around a spindle to create a centrifugal force that forces the suspended particles to the bottom of the cup, allowing the particle-free liquid to be separated from the particles `Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'sieve' in WordNet: 3. sift, sieve, strain - (separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements; 'sift the flour')`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value LiquidSuspension^c hadObjectModified^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c requiresResource^op value Centrifuge^c

Centrist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Centrist

Description

''Centrist'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' characerizing people who are not ''Left-Wing'' nor ''Right-Wing''.

      Need 'centrist' for a Person. @ToDo.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'centrist' in Wordnet:
          1. centrist, middle-of-the-road - (supporting or pursuing a course of action 
             that is neither liberal nor conservative)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CentrospermaeOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CentrospermaeOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	BeetPlant^c Cactus^c

Century^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Century`
Description	The Class of all calendar Centuries, which are not measures of a quantity of time, but locations on the universal time line. Thus the 1900's would be one instance. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'century' in WordNet: 1. (104) century - (a period of 100 years)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCentury^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#The1700s http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#The1900s http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#The1800s

Cephalopod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cephalopod`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cephalopod' in WordNet: 1. cephalopod, cephalopod mollusk - (marine mollusk characterized by well-developed head and eyes and sucker-bearing tentacles)`
Super-classes	Mollusk^c MarineOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Octopus^c Squid^c

Ceramic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ceramic`
Description	The substance which is basically fired clay such as porcelain. `NOTE that this is aligned with Cyc 'Ceramic', but in Cyc that is an Object and in COSMO it is a Substance. For a Ceramic object, use 'CeramicArtifact'. Corresponds partly to noun sense 1 of 'ceramic' in WordNet; this is a Substance in COSMO, not an Object. For the object made of Ceramic use 'CeramicObject': in WordNet: 1. ceramic - (an artifact made of hard brittle material produced from nonmetallic minerals by firing at high temperatures)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Porcelain^c

CeramicArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeramicArtifact`
Description	A specialization of #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$CeramicArtifact is a particular object -- such as a vessel, dish or #$Sculpture - that is made from #$Ceramic (q.v.). It might also be an instance of #$ArtObject (q.v). `In WN 'ceramic' seems to be an object rather than substance. We use the object sense (multiple ceramic objects are 'ceramics'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ceramic' and sense 1 of 'ceramic ware' in WordNet: 1. ceramic - (an artifact made of hard brittle material produced from nonmetallic minerals by firing at high temperatures) WN noun 'ceramic ware': 1. ceramic ware - (utensils made from ceramic material)`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c BrittleObject^c CeramicObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ceramic^c
Sub-classes	PotteryObject^c China-Dinnerware^c

CeramicGlaze^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeramicGlaze`
Description	A ''CeramicGlaze'' is a ''CoatingMaterial'' that is applied to a ceramic object in liquid or semiliquid form and baked to harden it. It forms a thin hard shiny surface, usually of some color. Different ''CeramicGlaze''s of different colors may be applied to one ''CeramicArtifact'' to make a surface pattern that remains after the piece is'fired' in an oven. `Corresponds to part (for ceramics) of noun sense 3 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 3. glaze - (coating for fabrics, ceramics, metal, etc.)`
Super-classes	CoatingMaterial^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value CeramicArtifact^c

CeramicObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeramicObject`
Description	Each 'CeramicObject' is a 'SolidTangibleArtifact' consisting mostly of FiredClay, which may have a glaze or enamel coating or small pieces of other materials attached for function or ornamentation. NOTE that this excludes the more modern 'ceramics' that are made of starting materials other than clay. @ToDo: when needed, a supertype with a 'non-clay ceramic' can be added. NOTE: it may be useful to distinguish Potter's Clay from others, as those used for brick - not yet (rev953) done: @ToDo. Are ceramic figurines made of potter's clay? What fraction of a piece of cloisonne is clay (some is enamel on metal, some on porcelain)? Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ceramic' in WordNet: 1. ceramic - (an artifact made of hard brittle material produced from nonmetallic minerals by firing at high temperatures)
Super-classes	RigidObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Baking-Hardening^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value FiredClay^c
Sub-classes	CeramicArtifact^c

CerealFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CerealFood`
Description	A specialization of #$EdibleStuff and an instance of #$FoodGroup. Each instance of #$CerealFood is food that consists of a significant amount of grain products, such as breads and cereals. Note that #$CerealFood is not a specialization of #$VegetableMatter because some breads contain non-plant constituents such as salt. `NOTE: this includes the raw granular materials derived from a ''CerealPlant'' (see ''SeedGrain'') as well as the foodstuffs prepared from those raw materials. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cereal' in WordNet: 2. grain, food grain, cereal - (foodstuff prepared from the starchy grains of cereal grasses)`
Super-classes	BreakfastFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CerealPlant^c
Sub-classes	SeedGrain^c ShreddedWheat^c Pasta^c Porridge^c Rice-Foodstuff^c Bread^c Pastry^c ColdCereal^c Corn^c CakeStuff^c Oatmeal^c

CerealPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CerealPlant`
Description	A specialization of both #$CropPlant and #$GrassFamily. Each sub-collection of #$CerealPlant is a type of grain-bearing plant.
Super-classes	CropPlant^c GrassFamily^c
Sub-classes	WheatPlant^c TeaPlant^c OatPlant^c BarleyPlant^c RicePlant^c CornPlant^c

Cerebellum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cerebellum`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cerebellum' in WordNet: 1. (1) cerebellum - (a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans)`
Super-classes	BrainPart^c

Cerebral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cerebral

Description

''Cerebral'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Brain'' generally or to the ''Cerebrum'' in particular.

    The 'cerebral' meaning 'intellectual'

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cerebral' in WordNet:
      2. (1) cerebral - (of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; 
        'cerebral hemisphere'; 'cerebral activity')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Cerebral-Intellectual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cerebral-Intellectual

Description

''Cerebral-Intellectual'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes a Person who uses reasoning where appropriate and useful, rather than allowing intuition and emotions to dominate the thinking process.

    The 'cerebral' pertaining to the ''Cerebrum'' is ''Cerebral''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cerebral' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) cerebral, intellectual - (involving intelligence 
            rather than emotions or instinct;
               'a cerebral approach to the problem'; 'cerebral drama')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CerebralCortex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CerebralCortex`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cerebral cortex' in WordNet: 1. (2) cerebral cortex, cerebral mantle, pallium, cortex - (the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the grey matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum)`
Super-classes	Cortex^c BrainPart^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Brain^c

Cerebrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cerebrum`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cerebrum' in WordNet: 1. cerebrum - (anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans)`
Super-classes	BrainPart^c

Ceremonial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ceremonial`
Description	''Ceremonial'' as a term is used mostly to refer to actions or Objects associated with a ''FormalCeremony'', but this typ includes things associated with even less formal ''Ceremony''s that are represeted by ''Ceremony''. . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ceremonial' in Wordnet: 1. ceremonial - (marked by pomp or ceremony or formality; 'a ceremonial occasion'; 'ceremonial garb')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Ceremony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ceremony`
Description	An activity which has certain recognizable portions, prescribed by rituals or conventions. A ceremony may have one or more rituals performed as #$subEvents. NOTE: this kind of 'Ceremony'' is broad, including small private affairs such as cutting a birthday cake. The more formal ''Ceremony'' with rituals that can be very elaborate is represented by the subtype ''FormalCeremony''. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'ceremony' in WordNet: 2. (4) ceremony - (any activity that is performed in an especially solemn elaborate or formal way; 'the ceremony of smelling the cork and tasting the wine'; 'he makes a ceremony of addressing his golf ball'; 'he disposed of it without ceremony') 3. (2) ceremony - (the proper or conventional behavior on some solemn occasion; 'an inaugural ceremony')
Super-classes	SocialRitual^c
Sub-classes	Pageant^c FormalCeremony^c BirthdayCelebration^c InitiationCeremony^c Funeral^c WeddingCeremony^c IntermentRite^c ReligiousCeremony^c GraduationCeremony^c PresentingAnAward^c CommemorationEvent^c

CeremonyType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeremonyType`
Description	''CeremonyType'' is a metatype whose instances are types of ''Action'' performed by some social group, often (as in religious rites) repesenting a long tradition of performing such Actions as part of a distinctive culture. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	Tradition HolyMatrimony Ritual Ceremony Baptism Sacrament SocialRitual HolyCommunion PublicAssembly TraditionalNorm RiteOfPassage InitiationRitual HolyEucharist BarMitzvah Liturgy FormalCeremony Penance Rite

Cerium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cerium

Description

CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of cerium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Cerium or CeriumStuff

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cerium' in WordNet:
        1. cerium, Ce, atomic number 58 - (a ductile grey metallic element 
          of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; 
          the most abundant of the rare-earth group)

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c
RareEarthElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

Certain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Certain`
Description	Certain is the highest level of credibility, that leaves no reasonable possibility that an assertion may be false. However, unless one is dealing with logical truths, there will always be some residual uncertainty, though it may be too small to warrant any consideration. For the sense meaning that an event is 'certain' to occur in the future, use 'SureToOccur'. This type can also be classified as a subtye of ''Possibility'' This is primarily used as a characterization of assertions, but it can also be used to characterize a person's degree of assurance (feeling of certainty) that an assertion is correct. These distinctions can be dissected and distinguished when required. As of Rev1295 they are included together here. Includes adjective sense 9 of 'sure' and sense 3 of 'certain' and adj senses 6 and 11 of 'positive' and adj sense 2 of 'definite' in WordNet: 9. indisputable, sure - (impossible to doubt or dispute; 'indisputable (or sure) proof') WN adjective 'certain': 3. (10) certain - (established beyond doubt or question; definitely known; 'what is certain is that every effect must have a cause'; 'it is certain that they were on the bus'; 'his fate is certain'; 'the date for the invasion is certain') WN adj 'positive': 6. (1) incontrovertible, irrefutable, positive - (impossible to deny or disprove; 'incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence'; 'proof positive; 'an irrefutable argument') 11. convinced, positive, confident - (persuaded of; very sure; ' were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join'; 'I am positive he is lying'; 'was confident he would win') WN ad 'definite': 2. definite - (known for certain; 'it is definite that they have won') WN adj 'incontestable': 1. incontestable, indisputable, undisputable - (not open to question; obviously true; 'undeniable guilt'; 'indisputable evidence of a witness')
Super-classes	Probable^c HighlyCredible^c
Sub-classes	Inevitable^c

Certainty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Certainty`
Description	A ''Certainty'' is a ''Possibility'' of some ''FutureSituation'' that is greater than 99% . This is not exactly the opposite of ''impossible'' because the definite occurrence of future situations cannot be predicted with total certainty, although the absence of any possibility can be predicted for things that are physically or logically impossible. Approximately the same as ''Certain'', though linguistic usage will be different: 'it's a certainly that .. ' is the same as 'it's certain that ...'. This is made a subtype of ''Certain'' for that reason, though this type refers to situations and ''Certain'' refers to Assertions. In WN 'certaintly' 2 is an attribute, though it seems to refer to the situation - for the situation that is certain use WN 'certainty' sense 1. 1. (4) certainty - (the state of being certain; 'his certainty reassured the others') Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'certainty' in WordNet: 2. (2) certainty, sure thing, foregone conclusion - (something that is certain; 'his victory is a certainty')
Super-classes	Possibility^c
Restrictions	hasUpperLimit^dp value 1.0^c hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.99^c

Certificate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Certificate`
Description	COSMO note: Certificate (in Cyc Certificate-IBT) is a physical object, which may be on paper (or plastic, as in plastic drivers licenses or credit cards), or in the form of eletrical charges (energy is mass is a physical object in COSMO), or, in rare cases, in the mind (brain) of someone who heard an authority issue a verbal certification. A Certificate is evidence of some Certification. The Certification be relatively trivial, as in the Certification accompanying a subway token (that the bearer is entitled to a ride). This is primarily used for an ''OfficialDocument'' that is produced by a 'CertifyingaQuality'' Action of some Authority which certifies (states officially) that something (usually a Product) meets some criterion of quality and can be used or sold or promoted as having that quality. This is a broad sense. The paper document can serve as evidence of having passed that test. This is broad and includes non-paper 'certifcations' as subtypes. A Certificate can in a borderline case be the brain memory of a verbal certification, but if it is only verbal with no other physical evidence, it may disappear when the sound waves or their impressions in the minds of listeners disapper - in which case it would have to be reissued. Cyc: The collection of actual hardcopy (#$CertificateDocument) or electronic (#$DigitalCertificate) instances of a certificate. Examples include instances of #$Passport and #$BirthCertificate. Includes noun sense 1 of 'certification' and noun sense 1 of 'certificate'in WordNet: 2. (1) documentation, certification, corroboration - (confirmation that some fact or statement is true) WN noun 'certificate': 1. (3) certificate, certification, credential, credentials - (a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts)
Super-classes	OfficialDocument^c InformationBearingObject^c DocumentaryEvidence^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value CertifyingaQuality^c
Sub-classes	Token^c Ticket^c CurrencyBill^c CertificateDocument^c Coin^c

Certificate-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Certificate-Abstract`
Description	A Certificate-Abstract is an abstract document (a mental object) that is represented by a physical 'Certificate'. For the meaning 'Certificate', see that entry.
Super-classes	OfficialDocument-Abstract^c

Certificate-IBT^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Certificate-IBT`
Description	This is the original Cyc (0.78) name for 'Certificate'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

CertificateDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CertificateDocument`
Description	COSMO note: A certificate does not have to be paper (e.g. plastic driver's licenses), so the Cyc parent of 'Paper-IBO' was removed. But this category still excludes the electronic digital versions of a Certificate - a CertificateDocument must be a hardcopy readable by people because it is written in the characters or symbols of a normal human language. `A ''Certificate'' may but does not have to have an expiration date - a ''Diploma'' is true indefinitely, while a driver's license does have an expiration date. ToDo: different subtypes?. Cyc: The actual piece of paper on which a certificate is printed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'certificate' in WordNet: 1. (3) certificate, certification, credential, credentials - (a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts)`
Super-classes	Certificate^c
Restrictions	hasDateOfIssuance^op some DateTime^c hasExpirationDate^op some DateTime^c
Sub-classes	DriversLicenseDocument^c Diploma^c PowerOfAttorney^c Visa-Document^c NationalIDDocument^c BirthCertificate^c VehicleRegistrationDocument^c
In domain of	wasIssuedBy^op hasExpirationDate^op hasDateOfIssuance^op

CertificateOfDeposit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CertificateOfDeposit

Description

CYC: The collection of receipts for bank (or other financial institution) deposits in certificate form. #$CertificateOfDeposits bear interest and are payable either on a specific date or after the passage of a specific amount of time.

        NOTE that his CD is a hardcopy physical document, not
         an abstract document or an electronic record.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'certificate of deposit' in WordNet:
           1. certificate of deposit, CD - (a debt instrument issued by a bank; usually pays interest)

Super-classes OfficialDocument^c
FinancialDocument^c

Certification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Certification`
Description	A Certification is a LinguisticAssertion (the symbolic representation of an abstract proposition) made by some authority testifying to the existence of some situation - e.g. the competence of an individual to perform a task, or the suitability of a structure for occupation. Such Assertions are typically accompanied by the issuance of a physical Certificate (in some form, even electronic or verbal) as evidence of the Assertion. In COSMO the issuance of a Certificate is a requirement for an assertion to qualify as a Certification, but the issuer can be anyone presumed to have knowledge of the issue. For ''Certification''' by more formal established authorities, use ''Credential''. A Certification may initially be verbal, but if it is only verbal with no other physical evidence, it may disappear when the sound waves or their impressions in the minds of listeners disapper - in which case it would have to be reissued. The term 'credential' is sometimes used loosely to mean that a person is competent to do something, but is usually used to mean that a Person has some Testimony from an authority as to comptence or performance. This type represent the latter, requiring an Authority's assertion. Includes noun senses 2, and 3 of 'certification' (for a 'credential' see ''Credential'') in WordNet: 2. (1) documentation, certification, corroboration - (confirmation that some fact or statement is true) 3. certificate, certification, credential, credentials - (a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts)
Super-classes	Testimony^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value Authority^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value Certificate^c
Sub-classes	Credential^c

Certified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Certified

Description

''Certified'' is the attribute of something that has passed a ''CertifyingaQuality'' procedure.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'certified' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) certified - (endorsed authoritatively as having met 
             certain requirements; 'a certified public accountant')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

CertifyingaQuality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CertifyingaQuality`
Description	''CertifyingaQuality'' is a form of ''GuaranteeingSomething'' performed by an ''Authority'' that attests that the thing certified meets some standard criterion. Very broad,for certifing any kind of criterion. Common examples are government guarantee of food or drug safety. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'certify' in WordNet: 4. certify, endorse, indorse - (guarantee as meeting a certain standard; 'certified grade AAA meat')`
Super-classes	Attesting^c GuaranteeingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Authority^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Certified^c produced^op value Certificate^c

CeruleanColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CeruleanColor`
Description	'Sky blue', a deep blue; azure. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cerulean' in Wordnet: 1. azure, cerulean, sky-blue, bright blue - (of a deep somewhat purplish blue color similar to that of a clear October sky; 'October's bright blue weather')`
Super-classes	Blue^c
Sub-classes	LightBlue-Color^c

Cervical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cervical`
Description	a Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cervical' in Wordnet: 1. cervical - (of or relating to the cervix of the uterus; 'cervical cancer')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Cervix^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cervix

Description

CYC: The collection of all cervixes. An individual #$Cervix is a narrow opening from the #$Vagina into the #$Uterus of a female #$Mammal.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cervix' in WordNet:
           2. cervix, uterine cervix, cervix uteri - (necklike opening to the uterus)

Super-classes CavityWithWalls^c
InternalAnatomicalPart^c
AnimalBodyPart-Female^c
Portal^c

Cesium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cesium

Description

CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of cesium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cesium' in WordNet:
        1. cesium, caesium, Cs, atomic number 55 - 
          (a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid 
          at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal)

Super-classes AlkaliMetal^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Cessation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cessation`
Description	This 'Cessation'' appears to be an intransitive action, but this has only one subtype and more examples are needed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cessation' in WordNet: 1. cessation, surcease - (a stopping; 'a cessation of the thunder')`
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some Action^c

Cetacean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cetacean`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cetacean' in WordNet: 1. cetacean, cetacean mammal, blower - (large aquatic carnivorous mammal with fin-like forelimbs no hind limbs, including: whales; dolphins; porpoises; narwhals)
Super-classes	SeaMammal^c
Sub-classes	Whale^c DolphinOrPorpoise^c

CetaceanTail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CetaceanTail`
Description	A ''CetaceanTail'' is a ''Tail'' on a ''Cetacean''.
Super-classes	RearOfAnAnimal^c Tail^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Cetacean^c

ChaChaing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChaChaing

Description

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cha-cha' in WordNet:
          1. cha-cha - (dance the cha-cha)
       WN noun 'cha-cha':
          1. (1) cha-cha, cha-cha-cha - (a modern ballroom dance from Latin America;
              small steps and swaying movements of the hips)

Super-classes BallroomDancing^c

Chador^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chador`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chador' in WordNet: 1. chador, chadar, chaddar, chuddar - (a cloth used as a head covering (and veil and shawl) by Muslim and Hindu women)`
Super-classes	Headscarf^c WomensClothing^c Garment^c HeadWear^c ReligiousClothing^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value MuslimWoman^c

Chagrin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chagrin`
Description	An instance of FeelingType that is psychologically uncomfortable, due to any of various causes, but is mild compared to ''Embarrassent'' or ''Mortification''. `NOTE: the only sense of 'chagrin' in WN includes 'humiliation', which is a stronger feeling than this sense. This sense is closer to the RHW 'chagrin' sense 1 (in which humiliation is not a necessary component): RHW: 1. a feeling of vexation, marked by disappointment or humiliation. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'chagrin' (not including humiliation or mortification) in WordNet: 1. (2) chagrin, humiliation, mortification - (strong feelings of embarrassment)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Embarrassment^c

Chain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chain`
Description	COSMO note: a chain is not necessarily metallic, though it usually is. So the Cyc references to metal need to be eliminated. A subtype that is metallic can be defined when needed. This general type includes plastic and even paper chains. `Cyc: A type of cord consisting of metal links. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chain' in WordNet: 3. (2) chain - (a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament)`
Super-classes	ChainOfThings^c NonPoweredDevice^c DurableGood^c CordlikeObject^c
Sub-classes	ClosableChain^c

ChainClip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChainClip`
Description	A ''ChainClip'' is any of various types of ''Fastener''s used at the end of a ''ClosableChain'' to allow opening the chain (to make it cordlike) or closing the chain (to make a loop). It is usually itself a loop, but may be configured to approximate the shape of a loop.
Super-classes	Fastener^c ClosedLoopObject^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value ClosableChain^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ClosableChain^c

ChainLink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChainLink`
Description	A ''ChainLink'' is a ''Link'' that forms part of a ''Chain'', and is connected to at least one other ''ChainLink'' in the same chain, and except for the end links is connected to two other ''ChainLink''s in that ''Chain''. NOTE that to satisfy the restrictions, a ''ChainLink'' must be part of a ''Chain'', and when by itself is merely a 'ClosedLoopObject'. . It is a hard toroidal object that may be circular or oval A ''Chain'' may be composed of at least three links, with no upper limit. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'link' in WordNet: 2. (5) link, linkup, tie, tie-in - (a fastener that serves to join or connect; 'the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction')`
Super-classes	Link^c ClosedLoopObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Chain^c isConnectedToLoopLike^op some ChainLink^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Toroidal^c

ChainOfCommand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChainOfCommand`
Description	Each 'ChainOfCommand' is a 'ChainOfThings' (a Series) of People or of 'EmploymentPosition's. Each individual other than the top in a 'ChainOfCommand' has a superior post,and each one except the bottom has some subordinate. This Series is only for the links from one person to the top, and assumes that there is only one supervisor for each post in the chain. An organization's hierarchy may have many such ChainOfCommand's, one for each person in the organization other than the top one. @ToDo: consider whther a Group can be one of the links in this kind of chain?
Super-classes	ChainOfThings^c

ChainOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChainOfThings`
Description	Each 'ChainOfThings' is a Series (a LinearlyOrderedGroup) of things which may be abstract or physical; these can be Objects, Events, Numbers,of any type. A 'ChainOfThings' may be cyclic, as in a physical 'Chain' that is linked in a circle. The distinction from the parent 'Series' is that a 'ChainOfThings' has some kind of dependency or relation between adjacent elements, and is not merely a list. This distinction has not yet (r949) been formalized: @ToDo - think about it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chain' in WordNet: 1. (14) chain, concatenation - (a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; 'the chain of command'; 'a complicated concatenation of circumstances')`
Super-classes	Series^c
Sub-classes	Chain^c ChainOfCommand^c

ChainOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChainOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$LargeIncorporatedBusiness. Each instance of #$ChainOrganization is a parent business which comes into contact with its customers or clients primarily through its geographically dispersed sub-organizations, which typically are (mostly) homogeneous in product line, style of physical quarters, and local organizational structure. Examples include the parent organizations of McDonald's and Starbucks. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chain' in WordNet: 4. (1) chain - (a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership)`
Super-classes	CommercialOrganization^c
Sub-classes	RetailStore-ParentCompany^c

ChainSaw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChainSaw

Description

Gasoline- or electrically- powered device for cutting trees

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chain saw' in WordNet:
          1. chain saw, chainsaw - (portable power saw; teeth linked to form an endless chain)

Super-classes HandTool^c
PowerSaw^c

Chains^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chains

Description

Each ''Chains'' is a ''ShackleBond'' having a metal ''Chain'' connecting two closeable handcuff-like metal clamps at each end, used to restrain movement of either the feet or hands. The chains here are typically longer than those on ''Handcuff''s.

      This term is usually used for the chains restraining legs, or those restraining both
        hands and legs linked together.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chains' in WordNet:
         1. irons, chains - (metal shackles; for hands or legs)

Super-classes ShackleBond^c

Chair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chair`
Description	Cyc name: 'Chair-PieceOfFurniture' Use 'Chairperson' for the leader of a meeting. Note Chair is a hexalateral object: the back of a chair should have a back support. NOTE: as a 'PortableObject' a 'Chair' must not be fastened down nor be so large that it cannot be moved by an average person. This excludes seats in auditoriums, massive thrones, and some other things that serve in a similar function as a one-person seating object. In COSMO usage, a ''Chair'' must have a ''BackRest''. Otherwise it is a ''Stool''. (Some things called 'stools' have a back rest, but for COSMO usage those would also be chairs'. They may be classified as high chairs, (instances of this concept) whether or not they are called 'stools'. Cyc: A piece of furniture that is used primarily for seating, and can hold one person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chair' in WordNet: 1. (35) chair - (a seat for one person, with a support for the back; 'he put his coat over the back of the chair and sat down')
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c PortableObject^c SeatingDevice^c Person-SupportingFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value BackRest^c
Sub-classes	Wheelchair^c RockingChair^c HighChair^c Throne^c Armchair^c GliderChair^c FoldingChair^c Jumperoo^c

ChairLeg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChairLeg`
Description	A ''FurnitureLeg'' that is a part of a ''Chair''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg' in Wordnet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture)`
Super-classes	FurnitureLeg^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Chair^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Chair^c

ChairPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChairPerson`
Description	A 'ChairPerson' is the person who is serving as, or served as, the chair (chairman or chairwoman) of some group, often a committee. A 'ChairPerson' presides over a ''FormalMeeting'' of a group, whether temporarily (for one meeting) or for some term including multiple meetings. The subtype ''Moderator'' is used also for informal meetings COSMO note: in WN 'president' and 'chairman' are synonyms in this sense, but the''President''has a different meaning as an Executive Oficer. Includes but is broader (see subtype ''Moderator'') than noun sense 1 of 'chairperson' and sense 3 of 'chair' and sense 1 of 'presiding officer' in WordNet: 1. (3) president, chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson - (the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization; 'address your remarks to the chairperson') WN noun 'presiding officer' 1. presiding officer - (the leader of a group meeting)
Super-classes	Leader^c OfficerInOrganization^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value FormalMeeting^c
Sub-classes	Moderator^c SpeakerOfTheHouse^c CommitteeChairman^c

Chalcedony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chalcedony`
Description	`RHW: a microcrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, often milky or grayish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chalcedony' in WordNet: 1. chalcedony, calcedony - (a milky or greyish translucent to transparent quartz)`
Super-classes	Quartz^c
Sub-classes	Agate^c

Chalcopyrite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chalcopyrite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chalcopyrite' in WordNet: 1. chalcopyrite, copper pyrites - (a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c Ore^c

Chalk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chalk

Description

A whitish mineral Substance that is the residue of ancient sea critters.

    Random House Webster sense 1:
    1. a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting chiefly of 
      fossil shells of foraminifers.

      Sense 1 in Wordnet:
      1. chalk - (a soft whitish calcite)

Super-classes Limestone^c
LandStuff^c

Chalk-WritingImplement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chalk-WritingImplement`
Description	CYC: The collection of pieces of calcite material in the shape of a cylinder, used to write on blackboards. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'chalk' in WordNet: 4. chalk - (a piece of calcite or a similar substance, usually in the shape of a crayon, that is used to write or draw on blackboards or other flat surfaces)`
Super-classes	HandWritingImplement^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Chalk^c hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c

Challenge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Challenge`
Description	An Assertion conveying a willingness to engage in a competition, or conveying an opinion that a person will not perform a risky activity. The latter is the subtype 'Dare'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'challenge' in WordNet: 2. (3) challenge - (a call to engage in a contest or fight)`
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (RiskyAction^c or ConflictEvent^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Dare^c

Challenging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Challenging`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes challenges by non-human animals to other animals. `Cyc: This is the collection of actions in which one agent (the #$challenger) issues a challenge to another agent (the #$challengee) to do something (the #$challengesToDo). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'challenge' in WordNet: 2. (7) challenge - (issue a challenge to; 'Fischer challenged Spassky to a match')`
Super-classes	CommunicationAct-Single^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Challenge^c
Sub-classes	ChallengingaPerson^c

ChallengingaCourtDecision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChallengingaCourtDecision`
Description	This ''ChallengingaDecision'' can be used to refer to decisions of umpires or judges at games as well as in a court of law. The latter is the subtype. . `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'challenge' in WordNet: 4. (1) challenge, take exception - (raise a formal objection in a court of law)`
Super-classes	ChallengingaDecision^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value CourtCase^c occursAt^op value Courtroom^c

ChallengingaDecision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChallengingaDecision`
Description	This ''ChallengingaDecision'' can be used to refer to decisions of umpires or judges at games as well as in a court of law. The latter is the subtype ''ChallengingaCourtDecision''. `Includes verb sense 4 of 'challenge' as a subtype, but is broader in including any form of challenge to a decision of an official. in WordNet: 4. (1) challenge, take exception - (raise a formal objection in a court of law)`
Super-classes	Objecting^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Objection^c
Sub-classes	ChallengingaCourtDecision^c

ChallengingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChallengingaPerson`
Description	A communication conveying a challenge from one Person to another Person. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'challenge' in WordNet: 2. (7) challenge - (issue a challenge to; 'Fischer challenged Spassky to a match')`
Super-classes	Challenging^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	DaringaPerson^c Defiance^c

Chamber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chamber`
Description	A ''Chamber'' is any ''PhysicalObject'' that completely or almost completely surrouded by SolidObjects, forming a interior space that is a cavity. This can be natural or artificial and is very general. It differs from the more general ''CavityWithWalls'' in that the cavity and walls together have a distinct identity, and some special properties or functionality (artifactual or biological) , and is part of a larger object. A cavity dug artificially inside a rock formation for some purpose would be an instance, but a natural cavty in stone would not be. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'chamber' in WordNet: 1. (7) chamber - (a natural or artificial enclosed space) 2. (1) chamber - (an enclosed volume in the body; 'the chambers of his heart were healthy')`
Super-classes	CavityWithWalls^c
Restrictions	supportsFunctioningOf^op some PhysicalObjectType^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	BodyCavity^c Room^c ControlledEnvironment^c KitchenCompartment^c Airlock^c ShowerFixture^c HeatingChamber^c Sepulcher^c

Chameleon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chameleon

Description

Small to medium-sized lizard, with laterally flattened bodies ornamented with crests, horns, or spines, and bulging, independently rotating eyes. Their skin changes color in response to stimuli such as light, temperature, and emotion.

      Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chameleon' in WordNet:
        3. chameleon, chamaeleon - (lizard of Africa and Madagascar 
          able to change skin color and having a projectile tongue)

Super-classes Lizard^c

Champagne^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Champagne

Description

''Champagne'' is a type of ''SparklingWine'' originally produced in the 'Champagne' region of France. In France that term cannot be used for any wine produced elsewhere; bt the term is still sometimes used for other types of ''SparklingWine''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'champagne' in WordNet:
          1. (6) champagne, bubbly - (a white sparkling wine 
             either produced in Champagne or resembling that produced there)

Super-classes SparklingWine^c
WhiteWine^c

ChampagneBottle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChampagneBottle

Description

CYC: The collection of bottles in which champagne is packaged and stored.

        Just the bottle,notincluding the champagne.

Super-classes WineBottle^c

ChampagneFlute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChampagneFlute`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flute' in WordNet: 2. flute, flute glass, champagne flute - (a tall narrow wineglass)`
Super-classes	DrinkingGlass^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tall^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Narrow^c

Champion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Champion`
Description	' This is the generic champion, which could be a Winner in a single competition, but the term 'champion' is usually applied to the winner of a competition series. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'champion' in WordNet: 1. (14) champion, champ, title-holder - (someone who has won first place in a competition)`
Super-classes	Winner^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Championship^c

Championish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Championish

Description

''Championish'' is used for this type to avoid confusing with the Winner who is a ''Champion''.

        Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'prizewinning' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) champion, prizewinning - (holding first place in a contest;
             'a champion show dog'; 'a prizewinning wine')

Super-classes Victorious^c
PrizeWinning^c

Championship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Championship`
Description	'A 'Championship'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) achieved by winning a competition, usually in Sports. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'championship' in WordNet: 1. (2) championship, title - (the status of being a champion; 'he held the title for two years')`
Super-classes	SuperiorStatus^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Champion^c

Chance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chance`
Description	This sense of 'chance' can be expressed as a 'good chance' i.e. a non-minimal level of 'Possibility' for performing some Action that arises from a particular Situation; approximately 'good odds' or 'reasonable chance' (not hopeless). This can be used to express a 'hope' as in 'there is a hope of success'. The numerical range for the probability would be from 0.1 to 0.9. NOTE that WN 'hope' 3 includes the 'grounds' for expectation. That is not includeed here: @ToDo: where to put 'grounds'?? @ToDo: this is only a numerical probability, but should refer to some situation and the thing that is possible in the circumstance. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'chance' and sense 1 of 'opportunity' and includes sense 3 of 'hope' in WordNet: 1. (40) opportunity, chance - (a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances; 'the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington'; 'now is your chance') WN noun 'hope': 3. (14) promise, hope - (grounds for feeling hopeful about the future; 'there is little or no promise that he will recover')
Super-classes	Possibility^c
Restrictions	hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.9^c hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.1^c
Sub-classes	Prospect^c Likelihood^c

Chancellor-HeadOfState^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chancellor-HeadOfState

Description

A ''Chancellor-HeadOfState''

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chancellor' in WordNet:
         1. chancellor, premier, prime minister - 
              (the person who is head of state (in several countries))

Super-classes HeadOfState^c

Chandelier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chandelier`
Description	NOTE: this is a chandelier that can use any source of light, including (candles or gas). For the electrically-powered variety, use subtype ''ElectricChandelier'. A ''Chandelier'' must have at least two parts that are ''LightEmittingObject''s, and typically has more than two. There are typically tiers in which all the ''LightEmittingObject''s are on the same horizontal plane, and there may be more than one such tier. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chandelier' in WordNet: 1. (3) chandelier, pendant, pendent - (branched lighting fixture; often ornate; hangs from the ceiling)`
Super-classes	LightFixture^c
Restrictions	isSuspendedFrom^op value Ceiling^c performsAction^op value HangingFromaCeiling^c hasPhysicalPart^op min 2
Sub-classes	ElectricChandelier^c

Change^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Change`
Description	A Change is a Difference in some attribute, AttributeType, or AttributeValue of a single Object or Process at one time, compared to the same attribute at an earlier time. For abstract objects, the difference may be before or after some operation, such as a mathematical operation - therefore the Change is not necessarily situated in time, but can be on some abstract dimension of change. This type has some similarities to a BecomingEvent in that it has a participant and a property before the change, and a property after. But it is narrowly focused on changes in a single participant, and is not as flexible in representing Events as would be an instance of Event. -------- @ToDo1221: as an ordered pair, the second element occurs after the first. this means that the 'Group' has an implied relation between the elements., and is therefore may not be just a mereological sum of the two elements. This needs careful thinking. NOTE that ny Ordered group has the ordering relation as the first element, thus an ''OrderedPair'' is not a ''Pair'' but a trio. If a 'Change' represents a change of state, then the elements can be states (a sum of attributes) as well as attributes. ------------ Corresponds to sense 2 of noun 'change' in WordNet: 2. (45) change - (a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event; 'he attributed the change to their marriage')
Super-classes	Difference^c
Sub-classes	Detriment^c Improvement^c AttributeValueChange^c Increase^c AttributeTypeChange^c Adjustment^c
In domain of	hasObjectChanged^op hasAttributeBefore^op hasAttributeAfter^op

ChangeInUserRights^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeInUserRights`
Description	CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. Each instance of #$ChangeInUserRights is an event in which some instance of #$Agent either gains or loses possession of something. Possession means having some right to use a thing that one has in hand or otherwise has access to. Different types of possession (e.g. ownership, rental, borrowings) can be specified by using the appropriate instance(s) of #$UserRightsAttribute (q.v.). Changes in an agent's user rights can come about in various ways: through buying and selling, renting, borrowing or lending, giving, repossession, etc. Specializations of this collection include #$LosingUserRights, #$GainingUserRights, and #$ExchangeOfUserRights; in the latter collection, there is an alteration in the rights of two (or more) agents to use two (or more) items - as in a purchase, when one agent gets full use rights to an object by turning over a sum of money to the object's previous owner. In addition, some changes in user rights are classified explicitly in #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights (e.g. borrowing, renting), while others are permanent. Events that involve such changes in user rights all belong in the collection of events, #$ChangeInUserRights. In any particular #$ChangeInUserRights event, the item which is changing hands is identified as the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer.
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c SocialOccurrence^c
Sub-classes	TemporaryChangeOfUserRights^c Concession^c GainingUserRights^c

ChangeOfCustomEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeOfCustomEvent`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turning' in WordNet: 2. (2) turning - (act of changing in practice or custom; 'the law took many turnings over the years')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c

ChangeOfMind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeOfMind`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'change of mind' in WordNet: 1. reversal, change of mind, flip-flop, turnabout, turnaround - (a decision to reverse an earlier decision) WN verb 'flip-flop' (part): 1. interchange, tack, switch, alternate, flip, flip-flop - (reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)) WN verb 'rethink': 1. (2) rethink - (change one's mind; 'He rethought his decision to take a vacation')`
Super-classes	Deciding^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some Deciding^c
Sub-classes	http://micra.com/COSMO/Reconsidering^c

ChangeOfPossession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeOfPossession`
Description	An Event in which possession of something (an object, right, or valuable thing) is transferred from one Agent to another. The exchange can be one-way, such as giving a gift, and does not necessarily involve reciprocation. For reciprocal exchanges see 'Transaction'. NOTE: change of 'possession' does not necessarily imply change of ownership, as indicated by the SUMO comment. A 'Sharing' is in COSMO also a 'ChangeOfPossession'. In Cyc ChangeOfPossession is cooperateive, whereas in SUMO a Stealing woud also be a ChangeOfPossession. So there are at least two differences. COSMO uises the Cyc interpretation: cooperative, not necessarily change of ownership. SUMO: The Class of Processes where ownership of something is transferred from one Agent to another. In Cyc called 'TransferringPossession"> Cyc: A collection of events. In each instance of #$TransferringPossession, the possession of a single object (see #$objectOfPossessionTransfer) is transferred from one #$Agent to another. Such an event alters the rights of _two_ different agents to use the object in question: one agent loses some #$UserRightsAttribute (q.v.) over it, while the other agent gains some #$UserRightsAttribute over it. Thus each #$TransferringPossession event is both a #$LosingUserRights event and a #$GainingUserRights event. Note that in instances of #$Buying, #$Bartering, or #$Renting, _two_ such #$TransferringPossessions occur, because there are two objects whose possession is transferred. For example, in buying a car, the right to use the buyer's money is transferred to the auto seller, while the ownership of the car is transferred to the buyer. In such cases, both of the #$TransferringPossession events (one for each object) are subevents (see #$subEvents) of the instance of #$Buying, #$Renting, or #$Bartering. See #$ExchangeOfUserRights.
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c CooperationEvent^c SocialOccurrence^c GainingUserRights^c
Sub-classes	Transaction^c GivingEvent^c MoneyTransfer^c Sharing^c ReboundingMove^c TransferringPossession^c InheritingProperty^c Delivering^c

ChangeOfResidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeOfResidence`
Description	One can change residence without crossing any Geopolitical borders. However, the subtype ''Migrating'' does require that a border be crossed. `This type is an Action performed by a ''GroupOfPeople'' which can be a single person, a family group, or a whole class of people (e.g. refugees). Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'move' in WordNet: 4. (20) move - (change residence, affiliation, or place of employment; We moved from Idaho to Nebraska; The basketball player moved from one team to another)`
Super-classes	Translocation^c Relocation^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value FormerResidence^c hadChangedEntity^op value Residence^c isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasEndingSubEvent^op value MovingToaPlace^c hasEndingPlace^op value NewResidence^c
Sub-classes	SettlingaPlace^c Evacuating^c Migration^c TheDiaspora^c Migrating^c

ChangeOfState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeOfState`
Description	This is the generic ''ChangeOfState'' including Physical states of matter (solid, liquid, gas - see ''StateChange'') and change of social state. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'change of state' in WordNet: 1. change of state - (the act of changing something into something different in essential characteristics)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Regression^c StateChange^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c

ChangeOfStatusEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeOfStatusEvent`
Description	This is the parent type for all changes of status, including becoming a member of a group or leaving a group. `CYC: Elements of #$ChangeOfStatusEvent are events in which the status of a person, group, or organization changes.`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	OrganizationalTransfer^c GroupTransfer^c AssumingaPosition^c

Changeability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Changeability`
Description	''Changeability'' is an attribute of something (objects, PersistentStates, Weather that is capable of change (a ''BecomingEvent''). This is very broad, and can be an attribute of things that change slowly or infrequently. FOr The Quality of things that change by a lot, or frequently, use subtype ''Variablity''. `Contrasts with ''Stability'' or 'invariability'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'changeability' in WordNet: 1. changeableness, changeability - (the quality of being changeable; having a marked tendency to change; 'the changeableness of the weather')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo^op value BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Variability^c

Changed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Changed`
Description	''Changed'' is the attribute of something that experienced a ''BecomingEvent''. This is not for change of location. Subtypes such as ''Increased'' can be more specific. `Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'changed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) changed - (made or become different in nature or form; 'changed attitudes'; 'changed styles of dress'; 'a greatly changed country after the war') 2. (2) changed - (made or become different in some respect; 'he's an altered (or changed) man since his election to Congress') 3. changed - (changed in constitution or structure or composition by metamorphism; 'metamorphic rocks')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Mutated^c Modified^c Muffled^c Muted^c Increased^c Up-to-date^c Modernized^c Revised^c Worsened^c

Changing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Changing`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'changing' in WordNet: 1. (13) changing, ever-changing - (marked by continuous change or effective action)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Shifting^c Worsening^c Varying^c

ChangingAnAgentsAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingAnAgentsAction`
Description	''ChangingAnAgentsAction'' is an Action in which some Agent (such as a Person, Organization, or social system) acts so as to cause a second Agent (Person or Organization) to perform some type of Action in a manner that is considered by the first agent to be better (more advisable) than an alternative Action that the secodn agent might perform. This may attempted by a ''RecommendingEvent'' (as in recommending that someone do something to accomplish a goal, or if a ''RecommendingAgainstSomething'' the purpose would be to try to get the second agent to avoid doing something that the first agent would consider inadvisable.
Super-classes	ModifyingBehavior^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op some DirectedFeeling^c

ChangingDeviceState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingDeviceState`
Description	This represents reversible changes in a Device state = most commonly, switching on or off or changing the rate of action. But also changing other properties, e.g. the channel that is received in a radio or TV device. CYC: A specialization of both #$PhysicalEvent and #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent (q.v.). The collection of events in which a device goes from one basic state (the #$fromState) to another (the #$toState). A change of #$DeviceState (q.v.) might be due to an #$Agent adjusting the device, or it might happen automatically due to the behavior of the device itself. The two most general state changes (for powered devices) are from #$DeviceOn to #$DeviceOff, and vice versa. Many other states peculiar to specific devices can be identified. For example, the states of a #$Dishwasher include #$DeviceState-Washing and #$DeviceState-Rinsing; and the states of a trapping device might include #$TrapArmed, #$TrapTripped, and #$TrapIdle. Specializations of #$ChangingDeviceState include #$UnlockingALock, #$ChargingABattery, and #$ComputerCrashing.
Super-classes	ReversibleStateChange^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c) hasStateAfterChange^op some QualitativeAttributeType^c hasStateBeforeChange^op some QualitativeAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	AccelerationOfaVehicle^c ChargingABattery^c UnlockingALock^c SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff^c PluggingInAnElectricalDevice^c LockingSomething^c
In domain of	hasStateAfterChange^op hasStateBeforeChange^op

ChangingDirection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingDirection`
Description	''ChangingDirection'' is An Event in which the ''DirectionMeasure'' of something changes (intransitive or transitive sense). This can be used for rotations of objects (changing orientation), as well as changing direction of motion. Those are subtypes. This can also be applied to abstract senses of 'changing direction', as in changing the topic or changing an activity. `CYC 'Turning': The act of changing the direction of movement or orientation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'turn' in WordNet 1. (744) turn - (change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense; 'Turn towards me'; 'The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face'; 'She turned from herself and learned to listen to others' needs')`
Super-classes	CausingChange^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some DirectionMeasure^c
Sub-classes	Redirecting^c ChangingaTopic^c Rotation^c Turnabout^c Swiveling^c ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c RotatingSomething^c

ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingDirectionOfMotion`
Description	''ChangingDirection'' is an intransitive Action in which some ''MovingObject'' changes its direction (motion vector), whether by internal actions (possibly motivated by perceiving an obstance or by information received) or as a result of some external force. Thus the ''Path-Spatial'' of something moving changes (intransitive sense) - i.e. the direction of movement of a moving thing (object, wave) is changed. This is an ''Action'' and the thing moving is the ''Agent'' (patient of the intransitive Action) The transitive concept of causing a change of direction of something moving is represented by ''DeflectingSomething'' This is broad, and can be used for reflecting light, echoing radar waves, echoing sounds, or guiding a light beam through an optical fiber. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'turn' in WordNet (this is not for rotation - see supertype ''ChangingDirection''?): in Wordnet: 1. (744) turn - (change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense; 'Turn towards me'; 'The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face'; 'She turned from herself and learned to listen to others' needs') WN verb 'deviate': 2. (2) deviate, divert - (turn aside; turn away from) WN verb 'change of direction': 1. change of direction, reorientation - (the act of changing the direction in which something is oriented)
Super-classes	CausingaShapeChange^c ChangingDirection^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some MovingThing^c hadThingAffected^op value Path-Spatial^c
Sub-classes	Repelling^c ChangingaRadioWavePath^c DeflectingSomething^c ChangingaLightPath^c Rebounding^c LeavingaPathOfTravel^c Veering^c U-turn^c RetracingaPath^c

ChangingIntensity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingIntensity`
Description	A ''ChangingIntensity'' is a ''Modification' of the intensity some event or ''EventType'' that has degrees of intensity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'change intensity' in WordNet: 1. change intensity - (increase or decrease in intensity)`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Sub-classes	ReducingIntensity^c IncreasingIntensity^c

ChangingMoods^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingMoods`
Description	''ChangingMoods'' is an intransitive Action performed by a Person who changes a mood significantly, as from a ''GoodMood'' to a ''BadMood'' or the reverse.
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Mood^c

ChangingOperatingProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingOperatingProcedure`
Description	''ChangingOperatingProcedure'' is a broad category of Actions in which some agent changes a procedure for doing some task. This can be any kind of change, including changing a type of tool or system, e.g. changing an operating system on a computer, or the voltage used by a device. The distinctive characteristic of this type is that the Procedure (MentalObject) that guides the actions changed must itself be changed, even if only in the mind of the agent performing the actions before and after the change. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'conversion' (for operating procedures) in WordNet: 1. (9) conversion, transition, changeover - (an event that results in a transformation)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some Procedure^c

ChangingPosture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingPosture`
Description	''ChangingPosture'' is an intransitive Action: (1) performed by an Animal (usually of interest for a Person), going from one posture (sitting,lying,standing,bending over, kneeling, etc) to another. This is for intentional changes performed by a Person on his/herself, so it is a ''CausingaShapeChange'' Event. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'change posture' in WordNet: 1. change posture - (undergo a change in bodily posture)`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	LeaningOver^c LeaningOnSomething^c DroppingDown^c

ChangingaBelief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingaBelief`
Description	''ChangingaBelief'' is a ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' in which the thing modified is a''Belief'' of the Person changing the belief. The ''belief'' changed can be a ''BeliefSystem'' such as a ''Religion'' or a political philosophy, or even a belief in a scientific theory. This is the intransitive sense that does not in itself refer to an Event that may have prompted the change. . This may occur as the result of a ''Reevaluating'' action by the person who changes a Belief.. The ''Reevaluating'' may be caused by an 'Advocating'' action of another Person who is an 'advocate'' for the changed Belief (e.g. a propagandist or missionary). `in WordNet: 3. (3) convert - (change religious beliefs, or adopt a religious belief; 'She converted to Buddhism')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	causedChange^op some Adjustment^c hadObjectModified^op value BeliefSystem^c hasSubEvent^op value Reevaluating^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousConversion^c

ChangingaLightPath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingaLightPath`
Description	''ChangingaLightPath'' is An Event in which something (an object, or force or other Phenomenon) causes a ray of light of any kind to change direction. This can happen by simple refraction (in a prism or a Rainbow),reflection,or by being directed by refractive forces within an optical fiber along the path of the fiber @mod53
Super-classes	ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some LightPath^c
Sub-classes	Reflecting^c RefractingLight^c

ChangingaRadioWavePath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingaRadioWavePath`
Description	''ChangingaRadioWavePath'' is An Event in which something (usually an object) causes a ''RadioWave'' (including microwaves, but excluding light) to change direction. This can happen by reflection from a surface or by something else that can bend radio waves.
Super-classes	ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some RadioWave^c
Sub-classes	ReflectingaRadioWave^c

ChangingaTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangingaTopic`
Description	''ChangingaTopic'' is an abstract subtype of ''ChangingDirection'' , which would be part of a ''Narrating''; unless the thing being discussed continues for more than a few sentences on the same topic, a 'digression' would not be recognizable as such. This is vague as to the length of time that the different topic is discussed; for temporary changes of topic focus, use subtype ''Digressing''. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'stray' in WordNet: 3. digress, stray, divagate, wander - (lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking; 'She always digresses when telling a story'; 'her mind wanders'; 'Don't digress when you give a lecture')`
Super-classes	ChangingDirection^c AssertingOrally^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Topic^c isaSubEventOf^op value Narrating^c
Sub-classes	Digressing^c

Channel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Channel`
Description	A ''Channel'' is a ''Passageway'' artifact that is designed to facilitate sending inanimate things - objects or substances - along a defined route under the influence of gravity (or sometimes perhaps air pressure?). `The chanels carved by ''Erosion'' are represented by subtype ''NaturalChannel''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'channel' in WordNet: 2. (1) channel - (a passage for water (or other fluids) to flow through; 'the fields were crossed with irrigation channels'; 'gutters carried off the rainwater into a series of channels under the street')`
Super-classes	Passageway^c
Restrictions	canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value MotionDownward^c
Sub-classes	EavesGutter^c DrainPipe^c

Channeling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Channeling

Description

''Channeling' is a ''DirectingTheCourse'' where the thing directed 'flows' in some sense, either physically (such as water) or metaphorically (such as information).

  The subtypes will to be more specific.

   Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'channel' in WordNet:
     2. channel, canalize, canalise - (direct the flow of; 'channel information towards a broad audience')

Super-classes GuidingAMovingObject^c

Chant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chant

Description

''Chant'' is a style of ''ReligiousMusic'' that often has repeated tones with little melody.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chant' in WordNet:
            1. chant - (a repetitive song in which as many syllables as necessary
                 are assigned to a single tone)

Super-classes ReligiousMusic^c

Chaos^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chaos`
Description	An extreme degree of ''Disorder'' in which little or no prediction can be made about actions or object locations within the area in this state. `Includes RHW sense 2 of 'madhouse: 2. a wild, confused, and often noisy place, set of circumstances, etc.: The office was a madhouse today. Includes noun senses 2, and 4 of 'chaos' in WordNet: 1. (12) chaos, pandemonium, bedlam, topsy-turvydom, topsy-turvyness - (a state of extreme confusion and disorder) 2. chaos - (the formless and disordered state of matter before the creation of the cosmos) 4. chaos - ((physics) a dynamical system that is extremely sensitive to its initial conditions)`
Super-classes	Disorder^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Orderliness^c

Chaotic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chaotic

Description

''Chaotic'' is a subattribute of ''Unordered'' characterizing Groups (of any kind) that completely lack any perceivable ordering. This is used to assert a more intense and complete lack of order than the parent ''Unordered'', and is mostly used for static arrangements of Objects.

       NOTE:the senses in COSMO of ''Chaotic'' (disrderly versus helter-skelter)
         do not clearly match the ones in WordNet, since the notion of a chaotic static
         arrangement is not clearly present.

       For Actions, particularly movements, of ''Person''s that are not coordinated
         and ordered, use ''HelterSkelter''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'chaotic' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) chaotic, disorderly - (completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing)

Super-classes Unordered^c

Chap^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chap

Description

''Chap'' is one of a number of informal terms
referring to a man.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chap' in WordNet:
         1. (1) chap, fellow, feller, lad, gent, fella, blighter, cuss - 
            (a boy or man; 'that chap is your host'; 'there's a fellow at the door'; 
            'he's a likable cuss')

Super-classes MalePerson^c

Chapel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chapel

Description

A comparatively small chamber of worship, built as an adjunct to a larger #$ChurchBuilding for purposes of private worship and private ceremonies.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chapel' in Wordnet:
             1. (8) chapel - (a place of worship that has its own altar)

Super-classes HouseOfPrayer^c

Chaperone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chaperone`
Description	A ''Chaperone'' is a ''HumanAdult'' who serves as a ''Protector'' for some young ''Person''(s), usually a young woman or group of young people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chaperone' in WordNet: 1. chaperon, chaperone - (one who accompanies and supervises a young woman or gatherings of young people)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c Escort^c Protector^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Chaperoning^c

Chaperoned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chaperoned`
Description	''Chaperoned'' is an attribute of a Person (usually a female) who is being accompanied by a ''Chaperone'' at that time
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Chaperoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chaperoning`
Description	''Chaperoning'' is an Action of of responsible ''HumanAdult'' who guards a young woman or group of young people by accompanying them. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chaperone' in WordNet: 1. chaperone, chaperon - (accompany as a chaperone)`
Super-classes	Escorting^c ProtectingaPerson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Chaperone^c

Chaplain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chaplain

Description

A ''Chaplain'' can be employed by military forces, Legislative bodies, or educational institutions, or any other Group that values spiritual services by clergy, Thi sneed not be a permanent job.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chaplain' in WordNet:
           1. chaplain - (a clergyman ministering to some institution)

Super-classes Cleric^c

Chapter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chapter`
Description	Each ''Chapter'' is a ''Section'' of a ''ConceptualWork'' that is an ''AbstractText'' (not a musical composition or image) that is a ''Documentpart'', in itself coherent with distinct boundaries and not arbitrarily small, being longer than one paragraph. The designation of parts of an AbstractText as 'paragraph' is to some extent arbitray, as it could be the primary subdivision of a whole text, but there are other subdivisions that might include chapters (e.g. 'part 1', 'part2'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chapter' in WordNet: 1. (38) chapter - (a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled; 'he read a chapter every night before falling asleep')`
Super-classes	ConceptualWork^c AbstractText^c DocumentPart^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op min 2

Characin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Characin`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'characin' in WordNet: 1. characin, characin fish, characid - (any freshwater fish of the family Characinidae)`
Super-classes	CypriniformFish^c
Sub-classes	Piranha^c

Character^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Character`
Description	Character is the sum of all ''PersonTraitValue''s of an individual that relate to his/her identfiable traits, and is reflected in the morality of that person's behavior. The linguistic term 'character' is usually used to refer to the set of moral traits of a Person, but this term can include any set of ''PersonTraitValue''s that are relevant to a knowledge base. `This is a subset of the traits that make up the complete Personality. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'character' in WordNet: 3. (11) character, fiber, fibre - (the inherent complex of attributes that determine a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions; 'education has for its object the formation of character'- Herbert Spencer)`
Super-classes	Nature^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some PersonTraitValue^c

CharacterStringToken-Sounded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharacterStringToken-Sounded`
Description	A specialization of #$CharacterStringToken, each of whose instances is a specific sound event that represents or realizes a particular abstract instance of #$CharacterString in some language or writing system. A sounded character-string token might be generated directly by a human voice, created by playing a recording of a voice, or generated by purely electronic means. Instances of #$CharacterStringToken-Sounded, unlike inscribed or electromagnetically-encoded string tokens, normally do not have individual character tokens as parts, as most sounded string tokens simply cannot be divided into discrete sounded character tokens (see #$CharacterToken-Sounded). E.g. a spoken token of the string 'cat' - unless it happens to be literally spelled out - does not contain a token of the letter 'c' as a part. Thus, most sounded character-string tokens are not instances of #$CharacterStringToken-Serial.
Super-classes	HumanAccessibleIBT^c SoundInformationBearingThing^c

Characteristic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Characteristic`
Description	An AttributeValue that is distinctive for the object that has it. `This corresponds to sense 2 of 'character' and sense 2 of 'characteristic' in Wordnet (see also 'PersonTraitValue' for a more specific subtype): quality, character, lineament - (a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something; 'each town has a quality all its own'; 'the radical character of our demands') WN noun 'characteristic': in WordNet: 2. (7) characteristic - (a distinguishing quality)`
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c Feature^c
Sub-classes	Hallmark^c Compatibility^c

Characteristically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Characteristically

Description

''Characteristically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action to specify that it was performed in a manner that is ''Characteristic'' of the way that the subject of the Action typically ('characteristically') performs.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'characteristically' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) characteristically - (in characteristic manner; 'he arrived characteristically late')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

CharacterizingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharacterizingSomething`
Description	''CharacterizingSomething'' is a ''DescribingSomething'' in which one ascribes one or more qualities (attributes) to something, or assets that something is an instance of some Type The attribute or type asserted is pointed to by 'assertsAttributeOrType'' 'Jack is a perfect moron'. ~~~~~ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'characterize' in WordNet: 1. (10) qualify, characterize, characterise - (describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of; 'You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist'; 'This poem can be characterized as a lament for a dead lover')
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c DescribingSomething^c
Restrictions	assertsAttributeOrType^op some (AttributeValueType^c or rdfs:Class^c)

Charcoal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charcoal

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces of charcoal.

        Used as a 'Fuel' in outdoor grilles for cooking.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'charcoal' in WordNet:
        1. (6) charcoal, wood coal - (a carbonaceous material 
        obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air)

Super-classes OrganicSubstance^c
CombustibleFuelSubstance^c
Fuel^c
SolidSubstance^c

CharcoalGrill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharcoalGrill`
Description	A ''CharcoalGrill'' is a ''CookingGrill' that uses ''Charcoal'' as the primary ''Fuel'' (rather than gas). This is often small and easily portable on three legs, but can be larger if it is capable of using ''Charcoal'' as the fuel. NOTE:the WN 'grill' has been partitioned into ''Grillwork'' - the wire/bar network used as the platform for grillng, and this type - the whole 'grill' apparatus including any legs and (if gas) pipes used to supply the gas. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'grille' in WordNet (for cooking outdors) but this is the whole device, not just the grillwork in it: in WordNet: 3. grill, grille, grillwork - (a framework of metal bars used as a partition or a grate; "he cooked hamburgers on the grill")
Super-classes	CookingGrill^c
Restrictions	consumesSubstance^op value Charcoal^c

ChargeMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChargeMeasure`
Description	The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the quantity of ElectricalCharge in an Object. It can be positive (positive charge), negative (negatice charge) or neutral (zero net charge). `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'charge' in WordNet: 6. (44) charge, electric charge - (the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons; 'the battery needed a fresh charge')`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#coulombs^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCoulomb

Charged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charged

Description

'Charged' is the state of a 'Battery' that has enough power remaining to power an Electricaldevice for enough time to perform a normal task. This may not be 'FullyCharged'.

        For things that are electrically charged, use
          ''ElectricallyCharged''.
        WordNet conflates these two independent attributes

       Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'charged ' in Wordnet:
          1. (9) charged - (of a particle or body or system; having a net
          amount of positive or negative electric charge; 
          'charged particles'; 'a charged battery')

Super-classes DeviceState^c

ChargedBattery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChargedBattery

Description

A ''ChargedBattery'' is a ''Battery'' that has been charged to more than half its full capacity.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'battery' in WordNet:
       2. (10) battery, electric battery - (a device that produces electricity; 
          may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series)

Super-classes Battery^c

ChargedParticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChargedParticle`
Description	Any 'MicroscopicScaleObject'' that has some ElectricalCharge. This can be as large as a large molecule, and is not necessarily a ''SubAtomicParticle''.
Super-classes	MicroscopicScaleObject^c ElectricallyChargedObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ElectricallyCharged^c
Sub-classes	Proton^c AtomicNucleus^c Electron^c Ion^c

Charging-Rushing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charging-Rushing`
Description	The type of action in which an animal aroused by rage, fear, or mating instincts aggressively runs at another animal in a physical attack. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'charge' in WordNet: 1. (16) charge, bear down - (to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle; 'he saw Jess charging at him with a pitchfork')`
Super-classes	PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c ViolentAction^c Rushing^c Approaching^c
Sub-classes	Goring^c

ChargingABattery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChargingABattery`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which a #$Battery is charged. `NOTE: this includes partial or complete charging. Corresponds to verb sense 24 of 'charge' in WordNet: 24. charge - (energize a battery by passing a current through it in the direction opposite to discharge; 'I need to charge my car battery')`
Super-classes	ChangingDeviceState^c AddingEvent^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op value ElectricalCharge^c hasStateAfterChange^op value Charged^c produced^op value ChargedBattery^c hadThingAffected^op some (Battery^c or DeviceType^c) hasStateBeforeChange^op value Discharged^c causesIncreaseIn^op value ElectricalCharge^c
Sub-classes	RechargingABattery^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatChargingHisCarBattery

ChargingSomeoneWithaTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChargingSomeoneWithaTask`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'charge' in WordNet: 18. charge, saddle, burden - (impose a task upon, assign a responsibility to; 'He charged her with cleaning up all the files over the weekend')`
Super-classes	AssigningaResponsibility^c Compelling^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Supervisor^c mayCause^op some WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	OverwelmingSomeoneWithWork^c

ChargingaHolder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChargingaHolder`
Description	''ChargingaHolder'' is the action of adding some material (PhysicalObject or substance) to some PhysicalObject that can support it (not necessarily a container - possibly a Person's arms) so that the receiving object becomes weighted down. `Corresponds approximately (not necessarily loaded to capacity) to verb sense 8 of 'charge' in WordNet: 8. (2) charge - (fill or load to capacity; 'charge the wagon with hay')`
Super-classes	Loading^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value WeightedDown^c hasDirectObject^op only (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	BurdeningSomething^c

Charisma^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charisma

Description

''Charisma'' is an AttributeType that applies to people whose personality and behavior create a favorable impression on others.

    CYC:  Performing an activity with charisma.
    The CYC 'charisma' seems only tangential to the usual meaning:
      This in CYC is a manner of acting whereas in COSMO it is a trait
         which may or may not be exhibited in specific Actions.
        CYC parent type: 'Quantity-ScriptPerformance':
             The most general type of attribute describing the
             manner in which an actor performs an action; specializations
             of this include #$CorrectnessOfPosture, #$Competence,
             #$Precision, #$Dexterity, #$Gracefulness, #$Creativity, etc.
             The elements of #$Precision, e.g., represent the various
             qualitative levels such as high precision, low precision, etc.


  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'charisma' in WordNet:
    1. (1) charisma, personal appeal, personal magnetism - 
       (a personal attractiveness or interestingness that enables 
         you to influence others)

Super-classes Attractiveness^c

Charismatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charismatic

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are attractive either physically or personally in a way that arouses popular enthusiasm and/or loyalty, as for a political leader or actor.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'charismatic' in Wordnet:
          1. charismatic, magnetic - (possessing an extraordinary ability to attract;
            'a charismatic leader'; 'a magnetic personality')

Super-classes Attractive^c

CharitableAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharitableAction`
Description	A ''CharitableAction'' can be given to a Person or GropOfPeople or Organization. See also subtype ''Handout'' (for ''PoorPeople''). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'charity' in WordNet: 3. (1) charity - (an activity or gift that benefits the public at large)`
Super-classes	AltruisticAction^c GivingaGift^c
Sub-classes	Philanthropy^c Handout^c

CharitableOrganization^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharitableOrganization

Description

       NOTE: the two sense of 'charity' may be distinguished, but the
         logical difference is not yet obvious. 
      Includes noun senses 1 and 5 of 'charity' in WordNet:
        1. (2) charity - (a foundation created to promote the public good 
            (not for assistance to any particular individuals))
        5. charity - (an institution set up to provide help to the needy)

Super-classes PrivateSectorOrganization^c
NonProfitOrganization^c

Charity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charity`
Description	The subtype of ''Benevolence'' that disposes a person to perform acts of Kindness in which the charitable person actually gives things of value (which may be time or labor effort) to other people without any compensation. Same as 'generosity'. The more intense level of generosity that leads a person to make other people a priority above his/herself is represented as the subtype ''Altruism''. See also ''Generous''. Relation needs more analysis between 'generous', 'generosity', 'charity', NOTE that ''Generous'' is the attribute of someone actually performing an ''ActOfGenerosity'', whereas this type is a disposition to to such things. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'charity', senses 1 and 2 of 'generosity' and in WordNet: 2. (1) charity, brotherly love - (a kindly and lenient attitude toward people) WN noun 'generosity': 1. (1) generosity, generousness - (the trait of being willing to give your money or time) 2. generosity, unselfishness - (acting generously) WN noun 'charitableness': 1. charitableness - (generosity as manifested by practicing charity (as for the poor or unfortunate))
Super-classes	Benevolence^c
Sub-classes	Altruism^c

Charming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charming

Description

'Charming' (being Charming = having 'charm') is an AttributeValue that a person (or sometimes an object) has when by virtue of personality (behavior) and appearance, that person is considered as pleasing or attractive by other people. The feelings induced by charm may cause other people to look favorably upon requests from the charming one; thus this is a relatively high level of 'Attractive'. Although this is classified as a 'PersonTraitValue' in COSMO, it can also be applied to objects and places.

@ToDo: should a distinction be made, to keep
PersonTraitValue more restricted??

Linguistically to 'have charm' is to be 'charming', so this concept
is represented only in the attribute form, and the nominative 'charm' is
referenced to the adjectival by the relation 'hasTheAttributeNominalForm'.
This relation is used in addition to the mapping to the LDOCE and WordNet words
'charm'.

This corresponds to sense 1 in Random House Webster:
1. a power of pleasing or attracting, as through personality 
  or beauty: charm of manner; the charm of a mountain lake.

  This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'charming' (related
    to people) and noun sense 1 of 'charm' in Wordnet:
  WN 'charming':
    1. (8) charming - (pleasing or delighting; 'endowed with charming manners';
      'a charming little cottage'; 'a charming personality')
  WN 'charm':
  1. (6) appeal, appealingness, charm - (attractiveness that interests
    or pleases or stimulates; 'his smile was part of his appeal to her')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c
Attractive^c
Appealing^c

Charred^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charred`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'charred' in Wordnet: 1. charred - (having been burned so as to affect color or taste)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Blackened^c Darkened^c

Charring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charring`
Description	''Charring'' is a ''Scorching'' that causes the surface of an organic object to become black or somewhat black. This is an Action, so the intrinsic (passive) state change is a result, but not included in this type. This is just for surface charring. For thorough charring, as in charcoal production, a different subtype of ''HeatingProcess'' would need to be created. This differs from the parent type ''Scorching'' in that the more general type does not necessarily blacken the object scorched. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'char' and sense 2 of 'blacken' in WordNet: 2. char, blacken, sear, scorch - (burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color; 'The cook blackened the chicken breast'; 'The fire charred the ceiling above the mantelpiece'; 'the flames scorched the ceiling')
Super-classes	Scorching^c CausingaColorChange^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Blackening^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Charred^c hadChangedEntity^op value OrganicObject^c

Chart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chart

Description

SUMO: An Icon which depicts one or more quantities.

 Includes both noun senses 1 and 2of 'chart' in Wordnet:
    1. (7) chart - (a visual display of information)
    2. (2) chart - (a map designed to assist navigation by air or sea)

Super-classes Icon^c

Charter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Charter`
Description	A Charter is an AbstractDocument specifying the set of organizing purposes, principle, and rules for an Organization. In this general sense, a Charter does not have to be issued by a governmental body. The meaning corresponds to sense 2 in The Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: 'Charter (2). (often cap.) a document defining the formal organization of a corporate body; constitution: the Charter of the United Nations.' Every Organization must have a Charter, which is the defining characteristic that distinguishes an Organization from other groups of agents. In COSMO this logical restriction is not formally specified, because Organizations are too often referred to with no knowledge of the actual Charter. FIBO note: this may be identical in meaning to FIBO 'Constittion' which is included as a subtype in the FIBO module. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'charter' in WordNet: 1. (2) charter - (a document incorporating an institution and specifying its rights; includes the articles of incorporation and the certificate of incorporation)
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Sub-classes	Constitution^c
In domain of	isTheCharterOf^op
In range of	hasCharter^op

ChasingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChasingSomething

Description

CYC: The collection of all instances of #$LocomotionProcess in which the locomotor is moving around in pursuit of another locomoting object, with the intention of catching it (possibly, as a policeman, not necessarily to eat it).

        COSMO note: this is a subtype of 'pursuit' involving purely physical
          motion in the direction of a target whose whereabouts is known;
          for cases of 'pursuit' where the location of the target is not known,
          use 'the parent type 'Pursuing'.

      Includes verb sense 1 of 'chase'and 2 of 'trail' in WordNet, and noun sense 1 of 'chase'
      and noun sense 1 of 'pursuit':
     in WordNet:
        WN verb 'chase':
         1. (1) chase, chase after, trail, tail, tag, give chase, dog,
            go after, track - (go after with the intent to catch;
            'The policeman chased the mugger down the alley'; 
            'the dog chased the rabbit')
       WN noun 'chase':
          1. (5) pursuit, chase, pursual, following - (the act of pursuing in 
             an effort to overtake or capture; 'the culprit started to run 
             and the cop took off in pursuit')

Super-classes LocomotionProcess^c
FollowingMotion^c
Pursuing^c

ChasingSomethingAway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChasingSomethingAway`
Description	NOTE: This is use mostly for chasing unwanted animals away from the place where they are not wanted, but the direct objects here include the general ''Object' so that this can be used for metaphorical 'chasing away', until a more specific type for metaphors is added. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chase away' in WordNet: 1. chase away, drive out, turn back, drive away, dispel, drive off, run off - (force to go away; used both with concrete and metaphoric meanings; 'Drive away potential burglars'; 'drive away bad thoughts'; 'dispel doubts'; 'The supermarket had to turn back many disappointed customers')`
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c PurposefulAction^c ActingOnSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ShooingSomethingAway^c

Chasm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chasm`
Description	A ''Chasm'' is a deep opening in the surface of the Earth that can be on dry land or underwater. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chasm' in WordNet: 1. chasm - (a deep opening in the earth's surface)`
Super-classes	Crevice-Topographical^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Deep^c
Sub-classes	Abyss^c

Chassis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chassis`
Description	An ''Chassis'' is the main structural frame of an Automobile or other ''RoadVehicle''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chassis' in WordNet: 3. chassis - (the skeleton of a motor vehicle consisting of a steel frame supported on springs that holds the body and motor)`
Super-classes	StructuralMember^c Framework^c HumanSizedObject^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value RoadVehicle^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Automobile^c

Chaste^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chaste

Description

'Chaste'' is a AttributeValue of a Person who refrains from sexual intercourse.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chaste' in WordNet:
      1. chaste - (morally pure (especially not having experienced sexual intercourse);
        'a holy woman innocent and chaste')

Super-classes Moral^c

Chastising^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chastising

Description

''Chastising'' is a strong ''Scolding''.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chastise' in WordNet:
          1. chastise, castigate, objurgate, chasten, correct - 
             (censure severely; 'She chastised him for his insensitive remarks')

Super-classes Scolding^c

Chastity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chastity

Description

'MoralVirtue'' is an AttributeType that includes those sexual behaviors considered appropriate (by some community), usually meaning refraining from sexual intercourse.

     Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'virtue' in WordNet:
   3. virtue, chastity, sexual morality - (morality with respect to sexual relations)

Super-classes MoralVirtue^c

Chat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chat`
Description	A ''Chat''is an informal ''Conversation'' among a small number of people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chat' in WordNet: 1. chat, confab, confabulation, schmooze, schmoose - (an informal conversation)`
Super-classes	OralConversation^c
Sub-classes	ChitChat^c

Chatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chatter`
Description	`NOTE that the WN noun 'chatter' represented does not have a precisely corresponding verb; the verb 'chatter' represents unimortant informal talking, represented in COSMO by 'Chattering''. This is often used for backgrond conversation by more than a few people in some room but can be for as few as two people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chatter' in WordNet: 1. (2) yak, yack, yakety-yak, chatter, cackle - (noisy talk)`
Super-classes	OralConversation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Noisy^c

Chatterbox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chatterbox`
Description	A ''Chatterbox'' is a ''Speaker'' who talks excessively. This can be used for talkers of different varieties, from children to adults. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chatterbox' in WordNet: 2. chatterer, babbler, prater, chatterbox, magpie, spouter - (an obnoxious and foolish and loquacious talker)`
Super-classes	Speaker^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Talkative^c
Sub-classes	Motormouth^c

Chattering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chattering`
Description	A ''Chattering"'' is a ''ChitChat'' (light informal ''Conversation'') among people who are conversing for relaxation, about unimportant topics. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chatter' in WordNet: 3. (1) chew the fat, shoot the breeze, chat, confabulate, confab, chitchat, chatter, chaffer, natter, gossip, jaw, claver, visit - (talk socially without exchanging too much information; 'the men were sitting in the cafe and shooting the breeze')`
Super-classes	ChitChat^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unimportant^c hasSubEvent^op value HangingOutWithFriends^c

Chauffeur^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chauffeur

Description

Cyc: Person whose job is to drive important people/people with bucks around in big cars.

        COSMO: also applied to the driver of a rented limousine,
        but not a taxi.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chauffeur' in Wordnet:
             1. chauffeur - (a man paid to drive a privately owned car)

Super-classes Driver-TransportationProfessional^c

Chauvinism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chauvinism`
Description	''Chauvinism'' is an exaggerated ''Patriotism'' that considers one's own country so superior to others that the others may be scorned. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chauvinism' in WordNet: 1. chauvinism, jingoism, superpatriotism, ultranationalism - (fanatical patriotism)`
Super-classes	Nationalism^c Patriotism^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Chauvinist^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Chauvinistic^c

Chauvinist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chauvinist`
Description	A ''Chauvinist'' is a type of ''Patriot'' whose feelings for superiority of his/her own country are greatly exaggerated, prompting scorn for other countries. `(Other types of 'chauvinist' such as 'male chauvinist' are not yet represented) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chauvinist' in WordNet: 2. chauvinist, jingoist, jingo, flag-waver, hundred-percenter, patrioteer - (an extreme bellicose nationalist)`
Super-classes	Patriot^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Chauvinism^c

Chauvinistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chauvinistic

Description

''Chauvinistic'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''Chauvinism'', an exaggerated form of ''Patriotism''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'chauvinistic' in Wordnet:
         2. chauvinistic, flag-waving, jingoistic, nationalistic, 
             ultranationalistic, superpatriotic - (fanatically patriotic)

Super-classes Patriotic^c

Cheap^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheap

Description

'cheap' is an intensive specialization of 'Inexpensive'; something that is 'Cheap' may cost even less than something similar that is Inexpensive - but this is not a universal usage.

  NOTE: both RHW and WordNet have 'cheap' as a synonym of 'inexpensive',
    but in COSMO there is a slight difference reflecting a difference in
    observed usage.

Super-classes Inexpensive^c

Cheaply^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheaply`
Description	This sense of 'Cheaply'' includes both senses 2 and 3 of 'cheaply' in WordNet, as it is difficult to discern a logical distinction. For the 'dressing inexpensively' part of sense 2, the subtype ''Shabbily'' (syn: tattily) can be used. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cheaply' in WordNet: 2. cheaply, tattily, inexpensively - (in a cheap manner; 'a cheaply dressed woman approached him in the bar') 3. cheaply, inexpensively - (with little expenditure of money; 'I bought this car very cheaply')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Shabbily^c

Cheapskate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheapskate

Description

A ''Cheapskate''is a ''Person'' who looks for the least expensive things that s/he wants to buy, and is reluctant to spend money that would benefit others. NOTE: the difference between a ''Cheapskate'' and a ''Miser' is that the ''Cheapskate'' will spend money on things s/he wants, but spends more than the usual time looking for the cheapest prices and ways to avoid spending money; the ''Cheapskate'' is notoriously reluctant to spend money on other people..

       The WN Gloss exagerates for this purpose - a ''Miser'' is miserly , a ''Cheapskate''
         is more than average ''Frugal'' but not to the extent of a ''Miser''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheapskate' in WordNet:
          1. cheapskate, tightwad - (a miserly person)

Super-classes Saver^c

Cheating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheating

Description

CYC: The collection of all actions in which one agent breaks some rule without being penalized or otherwise adversely affected. This generally entails that at least one other agent is deceived into thinking that the cheater has abided by the rules. If the cheater is discovered and penalized for the #$Cheating, then the action is an instance not of #$Cheating, but of (#$AttemptingFn #$Cheating).

        'Cheatig' a person out of money or other vauables is
        represented under ''Deluding''.

       Corresponds to sense 3 of 'cheat' in WordNet, but may be broader, as this
        includes cheating on examinations and cheating at games by violating rules,
        usually surreptitiously.
        in WordNet:
          3. (1) cheat, chisel - (engage in deceitful behavior; practice 
               trickery or fraud; 'Who's chiseling on the side?')

Super-classes Deceiving^c

Check-TenderObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Check-TenderObject`
Description	A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$Check-TenderObject is a financial instrument, drawn on a particular #$CheckingAccount at some instance of #$FinancialOrganization (q.v.), which is redeemable for a monetary value by the agent who is the payee. The financial organization pays the payee funds from the account, upon proper presentation of the check. See also #$SaleByCheck. `COSMO: this is a ''CheckForm'' that has been filled in and/or signed, and is teh functional equivalent of some ''QuantityOfMoney''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'check' in WordNet: 1. (18) check, bank check, cheque - (a written order directing a bank to pay money; 'he paid all his bills by check')`
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c SheetOfPaper^c FinancialAccountTenderObject^c Form-StandardizedIBO^c IDDocument^c CheckForm^c Paper-IBO^c
Sub-classes	Paycheck^c

CheckForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckForm`
Description	A ''CheckForm'' is the blank unfilled 'check' that is issued to holders of a ''CheckingAccount'' which,when fiilled out with the payee and amount and signed by the owner or authorized agent of the account, becomes a ''MoneyObject''. Groups of such ''CheckForm''s, often including the record of past checks that were issued, are contained in a ''CheckBook''. Such ''CheckBook''s small enouh to fit in a pocket are held and used by many people, and something similar is used by businesses. `COSMO: this is broader than the CYC subtype ''Check-TenderObject''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'check' , including blank checks that have not been filled in an of its fields. in WordNet: 1. (18) check, bank check, cheque - (a written order directing a bank to pay money; 'he paid all his bills by check')`
Super-classes	Form-StandardizedIBO^c Paper-IBO^c SheetOfPaper^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value BlankFormField^c
Sub-classes	Check-TenderObject^c

CheckList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckList`
Description	The items represented on a ''CheckList'' can be of almost any type, dependng only on the task for which the checklist is created. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checklist' in WordNet: 1. (5) checklist - (a list of items (names or tasks etc.) to be checked or consulted)`
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ImportantThing^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething^c

CheckOutProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckOutProcedure`
Description	A ''CheckOutProcedure'' is a careful examination.and review of the state of equipment prior to using it, especially when failures or malfunctions during use could cause serious problems. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'check-out procedure' in WordNet: 1. check, checkout, check-out procedure - (the act of inspecting or verifying; 'they made a check of their equipment'; 'the pilot ran through the check-out procedure')`
Super-classes	Inspection^c CheckingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thoroughgoing^c

Checkbook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Checkbook`
Description	A ''Checkbook'' is a ''Register'' that contains ''Check''s that have not been filled out as well as a record of ''Check-TenderObject''s that have been written and issued. One common form of this is the small wallet-sized 'checkbook' that can fit into a purse or pocket. `Larger versions (included in this type) may be used, especially by businesses. NOTE: packets of blank ''Check''s are not yet represented individually without the commonly accompanying record. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checkbook' in WordNet: 1. (5) checkbook, chequebook - (a book issued to holders of checking accounts)`
Super-classes	Register^c DocumentaryRecord^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Check-TenderObject^c hasPhysicalPart^op value CheckForm^c

CheckerPiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckerPiece`
Description	One of the discoid pieces about one inch in diameter, designed to be used in the game of checkers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checker' in WordNet: 3. checker - (one of the flat round pieces used in playing the game of checkers)`
Super-classes	GameChip^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c

Checkers^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Checkers

Description

The game of checkers, as played on a ChessBoard, by two players, each player starting with 12 pieces (marble-sized dics) of a single type but of different colors.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checkers' in Wordnet:
         1. checkers, draughts - (a checkerboard game for two players who each have 12 pieces; 
         the object is to jump over and so capture the opponent's pieces)

Super-classes BoardGame^c

CheckingAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckingAccount`
Description	A BankAccount that does allows demand withdrawals, in contrast to a 'SavingsAccount' which does not. `NOTE that financial rules change and it may be possibl at some time that one may write a 'check' on some kind of account other than a 'CheckingAccount'. For now (rev 1027) writing a 'PersonalCheck' requires having a 'CheckingAccount' to draw from. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checking account' in WordNet: 1. checking account - (a bank account against which the depositor can drawn checks payable on demand)`
Super-classes	BankAccount^c
Restrictions	isThePlaceOfOriginOf^op value Money^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsCosmoAccount

CheckingOutPurchases^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckingOutPurchases`
Description	''CheckingOutPurchases'' is the last phase of ''Shopping'' at one retail establishment. NOTE: this Action includes both aspects, buying and selling, from the perspective of seller and customer. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'check out' in WordNet: 5. check out - (record, add up, and receive payment for items purchased; "She was checking out the apples that the customer had put on the conveyer belt")`
Super-classes	Paying^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value Shopping^c isCausedBy^op value RetailPurchase^c isaSubEventOf^op value Buying^c

CheckingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckingSomething`
Description	A specialization of 'Investigation' in which an Agent performs some action to determine whether some situation is true - e.g., to see if something is in an expected place. The action usually involves some Looking event, but may not (listening or feeling or tasting may suffice). A 'CheckingSomething' necessarily requires some form of 'Observation' (by any sense or instrument), so it is a subtype of 'Observation'. The difference between a 'CheckingSomething' and other kinds of 'Investigation' is that in a 'CheckingSomething' the truth or falsity of some specific anticipated state is being determined, whereas in 'Investigation' generally there may be unknown or unanticipated possibilities that cannot be answered by a simple true-false distinction. In Cyc called 'CheckingWhetherConditionObtains': Cyc: A collection of events in which an agent evaluates whether or not some condition obtains. For example, checking whether it is raining outside, checking whether the door is locked. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 and noun senses 2 and 6 of 'check' in WordNet: WN verb 'check': 1. (28) check, check up on, look into, check out, suss out, check over, go over, check into - (examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition; 'check the brakes'; 'Check out the engine') 2. (7) check - (make an examination or investigation; 'check into the rumor'; 'check the time of the class') 3. (6) see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure - (be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; 'He verified that the valves were closed'; 'See that the curtains are closed'; 'control the quality of the product') WN noun 'check': 2. (5) assay, check - (an appraisal of the state of affairs; 'they made an assay of the contents'; 'a check on its dependability under stress')
Super-classes	Investigation^c Observing^c InformationGathering^c
Sub-classes	Proofreading^c Copyediting^c CheckOutProcedure^c Monitoring^c

CheckingUpOnSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckingUpOnSomething`
Description	This Action ''CheckingUpOnSomething'' is usedmostly for cheking the condition of ArtifactObjects, but is intended to be broad and can include exploring regions and doing medical testing. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'check up on' in WordNet: 1. check, check up on, look into, check out, suss out, check over, go over, check into - (examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition; 'check the brakes'; 'Check out the engine')`
Super-classes	AnalyzingSomething^c Evaluating^c
Sub-classes	Scrutiny^c ScoutingAhead^c

CheckoutCounter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CheckoutCounter`
Description	A ''CheckoutCounter'' is a 'Counter' in a 'SuperMarket'' or other large retail store where the cashier ('checkout clerk') accepts payments for purcchases. cash register, register Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checkout counter' in WordNet: 1. checkout, checkout counter - (a counter in a supermarket where you pay for your purchases)
Super-classes	Counter^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value CheckingOutPurchases^c supports^op value CashRegister^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Supermarket^c

Checkpoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Checkpoint`
Description	A ''Checkpoint'' is a location adjacent to some physical path, whether a Roadway or just a footpath, otside or inside a tructure (such as an airplane terminal), where the travelers are interrogated or inspected to assre that they are there legitimately and not carrying any prohibited cargo or baggage. `Includes but is broader than (includes checkpoints inside a country and at airport security ponts in airport terminals) of noun sense 1 of 'checkpoint' in WordNet: 1. checkpoint - (a place (as at a frontier) where travellers are stopped for inspection and clearance)`
Super-classes	StoppingPlace^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some (Street-RoadwayOnly^c or Street^c)

Cheek^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheek`
Description	Called 'Cheek-Facial' in Cyc. Cyc: Area on face between nose, mouth and ears. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheek' in WordNet: 1. (22) cheek - (either side of the face below the eyes)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c

Cheekbone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheekbone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheekbone' in WordNet: 1. (1) cheekbone, zygomatic bone, zygomatic, malar, malar bone, jugal bone, os zygomaticum - (the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Skull^c

Cheeky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheeky`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cheeky' in Wordnet: WN adjective 'brash': 1. (1) brash, cheeky, nervy - (offensively bold; 'a brash newcomer disputed the age-old rules for admission to the club'; 'a nervy thing to say')`
Super-classes	Rude^c
Sub-classes	Brazen^c

Cheerful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheerful`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Cheerfulness. For the sense of 'cheerful' applying to objects, places, or situations that can cause or induce 'Cheerfulness', use 'Cheery'. For being upbeat and pollyanaish, use ''Upbeat''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'cheerful' in WordNet (applied only to people, not things or places): in Wordnet: 1. (4) cheerful - (being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits; 'her cheerful nature'; 'a cheerful greeting'; 'a cheerful room'; 'as cheerful as anyone confined to a hospital bed could be')
Super-classes	Happy^c
Sub-classes	Upbeat^c

Cheerfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheerfully

Description

''Cheerfully'' is an AdverbialModifierthat characterizes an Action to assert that Person it was performed by the Person in a ''Cheerful'' manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'cheerfully' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) cheerfully - (in a cheerful manner; 'he cheerfully agreed to do it')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Cheerfulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheerfulness`
Description	The emotion characterized by having a spontaneous flow of good spirits as a result of feeling glad or happy or as a result of an equable disposition or of temperament. NOTE: for objects or places that inspire the feeling of 'Cheerfulness', use 'Cheery' - and, linguistically, its nominal form 'cheeriness'. This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cheerfulness' in WordNet: 2. cheerfulness, blitheness - (a feeling of spontaneous good spirits; 'his cheerfulness made everyone feel better') WN NOTE that the word 'cheer' is also used in that sense, but in WordNet WN it seems to be applied only to objects or places that bring cheer: WN noun 'cheer' (also sense 2 of 'cheerfulness'): 2. cheerfulness, cheer, sunniness, sunshine - (the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom; 'flowers added a note of cheerfulness to the drab room')
Super-classes	EmotionalState^c Happiness^c
Sub-classes	Exhilaration^c

Cheerily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheerily`
Description	''Casually'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify an Action Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'cheerily' in Wordnet: 1. pleasantly, cheerily, sunnily - (in a cheerful manner; " 'I'll do the dishes,' he said pleasantly ")
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Cheering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheering`
Description	Expressing approval loudly and enthusiastically by shouting expressions such as 'Hooray' or other approving words; esp. by audiences at performance events, including at sports events where the cheers are also intended to encourage the athletes. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cheer' in WordNet: 2. (1) cheer - (show approval or good wishes by shouting; 'everybody cheered the birthday boy')`
Super-classes	Shouting^c Vocalizing^c IBTGeneration^c ShowingSupportForSomething^c ExpressingApproval^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c
Sub-classes	Yay^c Hurrah^c

Cheerleader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheerleader`
Description	CYC: The collection of all cheerleaders. Instances need not be instances of #$YoungPerson, for example, cheerleaders for professional sports teams. `NOTE: in CYC this is Female, but some Cheerleaders are male. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cheerleader' in WordNet: 2. cheerleader - (someone who leads the cheers by spectators at a sporting event)`
Super-classes	Entertainer^c Artist-Performer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Cheerleading^c

Cheerleading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheerleading`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cheerlead' in WordNet: 1. cheerlead - (act as a cheerleader in a sports event)`
Super-classes	EncouragingCommunication^c CoordinatedBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Cheering^c occursDuring^op value SportsEvent^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Cheering^c hasSubEvent^op value Shouting^c hasIntendedAudience^op value AudienceOfSpectators^c

Cheers^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheers

Description

''Cheers'' is an English-language exclamation that is used to wish others happiness, when glasses (usually of an alcoholic beverage) are raised during a round of drinking in a group. Similarly 'to your health' may be said, and in other languages health is also wished in such a manner (e.g. in Spanish 'salud',literally meaning 'health' is also used similarly and may be translated as 'cheers').

     exclamations are not in WordNet.

Super-classes Interjection^c

Cheery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheery

Description

'Cheery' (being Cheery = having 'cheeriness') is an AttributeValue that something (an object, place, or situation) has when it tends to induce 'Cheerfulness' in people who observe it.

 Linguistically to 'have cheeriness' is to be 'cheery', so this concept
 is represented only in the attribute form, and the nominative 'cheeriness' is
 referenced to the adjectival by the relation 'hasTheAttributeNominalForm'.

 This corresponds to sense 2 of 'cheery' in Random House Webster:
   2:  causing or suggesting cheerfulness: 'cheery music'

  This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cheery' and part of sense
    1 of 'cheerful ('promoting cheer') in Wordnet:
   WN adj 'cheery':
    1. (5) cheery, gay, sunny - (bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling 
        of cheer; 'a cheery hello'; 'a gay sunny room'; 'a sunny smile')
   WN adj 'cheerful':
    1. (4) cheerful - (being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing 
        good spirits; 'her cheerful nature'; 'a cheerful greeting'; 'a cheerful room';
        'as cheerful as anyone confined to a hospital bed could be')

Super-classes Pleasant^c

Cheese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheese`
Description	A product made from milk. The cheese protein is coagulated, separated from the rest of the liquid, and hardened to some degree. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheese' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cheese - (a solid food prepared from the pressed curd of milk)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c DairyProduct^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Milk^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Protein^c
Sub-classes	ParmesanCheese^c GoatCheese^c GratedCheese^c Mozzarella^c CottageCheese^c

Cheeseburger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheeseburger`
Description	CYC: An instance of #$SpecifiedFoodDishType. Each instance of #$Cheeseburger is a #$HamburgerSandwich which includes #$Cheese. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'cheeseburger' in WordNet (in WN cheese is melted - does it have to be a slice?): in WordNet: 1. cheeseburger - (a hamburger with melted cheese on it)`
Super-classes	Hamburger^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value SliceOfCheese^c

Cheesecake^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheesecake

Description

CYC: The collection of #$Cheesecakes. These are rich, dense cakes atop a crumb crust, made with cream cheese and sometimes flavored with chocolate or fruit.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheesecake' in WordNet:
          1. cheesecake - (made with sweetened cream cheese and eggs 
             and cream baked in a crumb crust)

Super-classes Cake^c

Cheetah^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cheetah

Description

Fastest of the BigCats.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheetah' in WordNet:
        1. cheetah, chetah, Acinonyx jubatus - (long-legged spotted cat of Africa 
            and southwestern Asia having nonretractile claws; the swiftest mammal; 
            can be trained to run down game)

Super-classes BigCat^c

Chef^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chef`
Description	A professional ''Cook' who overses the preparation of food in some Organization (not just at home). This is the Person,not the occupation `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chef' in WordNet: 1. chef - (a professional cook)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c TradeWorker^c Person^c SkilledWorker^c Cook^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CookingFood^c

Chelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chelation`
Description	A ChemicalInteraction in which one substance in solution forms a tight association with a metal ion by forming two or more coordinate bonds with the metal ion; the bonds are not typically covalent (ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, or charge-transfer). A subtype of this interaction used in medicine is 'chelation therapy' using a chelating agent to remove metal ions from the body. Includes both senses of noun 'chelation' and sense 1 of verb 'chelate' in WordNet: 1. chelation - ((medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning) 2. chelation - (the process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds) WN verb 'chelate': 1. chelate - (form a chelate, in chemistry)
Super-classes	ChemicalInteraction^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some MetalIon^c

Chemical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chemical

Description

''Chemical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Chemistry'' and ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' and other entities involving the interactions of substances that create, transform, or modify ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance''s. 'chemical composition'; 'chemical additive'

    Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'chemical' in WordNet:
         1. (27) chemical, chemic - (relating to or used in chemistry; 
           'chemical engineer'; 'chemical balance')
         2. (6) chemical - (of or made from or using substances produced by or used 
           in reactions involving atomic or molecular changes; 'chemical fertilizer')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ChemicalAttack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalAttack`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a chemical weapon is used against a #$PartiallyTangible target. `SUMO: An attack against people or property in which a chemical agent is used as the active ingredient of the attack.`
Super-classes	Fight-Physical^c WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack^c
Restrictions	uses^op value ChemicalWeapon^c

ChemicalBondCleavage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalBondCleavage`
Description	''ChemicalBondCleavage'' is the Event in which molecules of some ''ChemicalSubstanceType'' hve one interatomic bond split to produce two smaller ''ChemicalSubstanceType''s, which can be stable or unstable molecules, ions, or free radicals. This includes reactions in which some bond is split and one or both of the resulting parts combines with another chemical in the mixture; but it includes splitting that occurs without any other substances participating, and includes spliting catalyzed by a ''"Catalyst'', including an ''Enzyme''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cleavage' in WordNet: 2. cleavage - (the breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule resulting in smaller molecules)`
Super-classes	PhysicalReaction^c SeparationEvent^c ChemicalTransformationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some ChemicalSubstanceType^c hadChangedEntity^op some ChemicalBonding^c

ChemicalBonding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalBonding`
Description	A ''ChemicalBonding'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' generated between two ''Atom''s due to a complex quantum mechanical penomenon involving the energy levels of electrons in the orbits of atoms separated and near to each other.. This includes not only covalent bonds, but van der Waals attractions and ionic 'bonds'. NOTE: the distinction between a force holding a chemical bond together and the bond itself, which can be viewed as a 'connection'. between two atoms, is not recognized in WordNet. @ToDo: these two related concepts should be reresented and clearly distinguished. Perhaps a ''BondingConnection'' subtype? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical bond' in WordNet: 1. (20) chemical bond, bond - (an electrical force linking atoms) WN noun 'chemical attraction': 1. affinity, chemical attraction - (the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule; 'basic dyes have an affinity for wool and silk')
Super-classes	AttractiveForce^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value AtomicNucleus^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op value Electron^c

ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType`
Description	CYC: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$ChemicalSubstanceType. Each instance of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies is a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible whose instances are defined only by their chemical composition - not by their physical state or any other property. Instances of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies are collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical structure, e.g., #$Water, #$Caffeine, and #$IronOxide. This collection does not include the chemical elements - such as #$Carbon and #$Oxygen, since there can be multiple types that molecules can be formed out of a single element, e.g. O2 and #$Ozone. Use the broader collection, #$ChemicalSubstanceType, for substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., #$DNAStuff.
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	LigandType^c
Members	Dextrose FerricOxide Glucose Soot Sucrose ZincOxide Hydroxylamine AluminumOxide Ribose Sugar CarbonMonoxide LumpSugar Caffeine SapphireStuff Pentose Rust BariumChloride Nitrate Disaccharide Lactose Ammonia PowderedSugar Diltiazem SiliconDioxide BariumNitrate CarbonDioxide Diazepam Dioxide TableSugar TinDioxide Fructose Oxide Peroxide Monoxide

ChemicalDecomposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalDecomposition`
Description	ChemicalDecomposition is a ChemicalTransformationEvent in which one PhysicalSubstance decomposes into one or more Substances of different composition. A single molecule may decompose into another single molecule, as in the case where a protein denatures into a different three-dimensional form, but most decompositions give rise to more than one product. Cases where a solvent (such as water) is a reactant (such as in the case of hydrolysis) may behave kinetically as though they were a decomposition, but are categorized as chemical reactions, not decompositions in COSMO. NOTE: In Cyc and SUMO Combustion is considered as a 'decomposition', so simple decompositions involving only one reactant are conflated with reactions involving more than one reactant. The essence in SUMO and Cyc seems to be that one chemical is broken down into multiple parts rather than undergoing a clean simple reaction. We leave it that way in COSMO for the moment (v0.36), and will create a more detailed classifiation of reactions in the future. See 'Combustion' as a subtype. A polymerization, such as in making polyethylene, involves a single starting substance, but is not a decomposition because the product is not of lower or identical molecular weight. Since more than one molecule reacts in a polymerization (even if it is of the same chemical species), a polymerization is a reaction. Cyc: A collection of events in which a #$ChemicalObject is broken down into other instances of a different type. In a simple decomposition, one #$ChemicalObject breaks down into two simpler substances, for example, #$Water decomposes into #$Hydrogen and #$Oxygen. In a double decomposition, two compounds recombine to form two different compound types. SUMO: The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which a CompoundSubstance breaks down into simpler products.
Super-classes	Decaying^c ChemicalTransformationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Combustion^c Explosion^c

ChemicalElement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalElement`
Description	A substance which is a chemical element, for which the unit is an atom; each atom of a ChemicalElement has the same number of protons in its nucleus. In Cyc called 'ElementStuff'. Note that this type includes elemental substances that have more than one isotope. For isotopically pure elements, use the subtype 'Isotope'. @ToDo: The restriction specifying that every ChemicalElement hasUnitObject Atom is not exactly in the form that would allow it to be satisfied by asserting that specific elements have specific atoms as unit objects. This needs to be changed when a more precise restriction can be created in an FOL version. This could be done by creating an 'AtomType' as the range for the relation when used on elements Cyc: An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$ElementStuff is a piece of tangible stuff, composed of a quantity of atoms, all of which are of the same chemical element. That is, every atom in a given piece of #$ElementStuff has the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus. For example, all pieces of carbon (i.e. all instances of #$Carbon) are instances of #$ElementStuff. On the other hand, instances of #$Water, because they are all constituted of both #$Hydrogen and #$Oxygen atoms, do not belong to the collection #$ElementStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'element' and sense 1 of 'chemical element' in WordNet: 2. (33) chemical element, element - (any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter)
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value Atom^c
Sub-classes	Cadmium^c Rhenium^c Isotope^c Silicon^c Titanium^c Aluminum^c Nickel^c Thallium^c Carbon^c Protactinium^c Hafnium^c Actinium^c Copper^c AlkaliMetal^c Lithium^c Oxygen^c Mercury^c Rhodium^c Calcium^c Argon^c Iodine^c Europium^c Promethium^c Zirconium^c Tellurium^c Radon^c Uranium^c Rubidium^c PreciousMetal^c Gallium^c Tungsten^c Terbium^c Einsteinium^c Tantalum^c Halogen^c Plutonium^c Antimony^c Neodymium^c Sulfur^c Francium^c Krypton^c Nitrogen^c Palladium^c Vanadium^c Yttrium^c Magnesium^c Thorium^c Xenon^c Samarium^c Neon^c RareEarthElement^c Tin^c Bismuth^c Cobalt^c Phosphorus^c Hydrogen^c Cesium^c Manganese^c Americium^c Indium^c Lead^c UnalloyedMetal^c Iron^c Zinc^c Germanium^c Scandium^c Technetium^c Holmium^c Niobium^c Curium^c Boron^c Astatine^c Strontium^c Sodium^c Chromium^c Beryllium^c Californium^c Helium^c Polonium^c Potassium^c Ruthenium^c Molybdenum^c NonMetal^c Gadolinium^c Radium^c

ChemicalEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalEnergy`
Description	Energy contained in usable form in some quantity of chemical substance. The energy contained may require combusion in air, as for the energy 'available' in coal or gasoline; or, it may be available from chemical reactions contained solely within the object, as the chemical energy in a battery that is converted into eelectrical energy by the battery onfiguration. Also, the chemical energy in a mixture of rocket propellants or in a monopropelland would be chemical energy of a type not requiring combustion in air. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical energy' in WordNet: 1. (2) chemical energy - (that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction)`
Super-classes	Energy^c
Sub-classes	FoodEnergy^c

ChemicalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalEvent`
Description	Any of a broad class of Events in which one or more chemical substances change the identity of the substance in some way. This may be as subtle as a change of concentration, or a dilution, without change in the covalent bonds of any substance involved, or adhesion of a substance at the surface of another substance in a manner that forms bonds that may be non-covalent by still require some energy to break. In COSMO we take a broad abstract view of Substances, and even such subtle changes in Substances are here considered as PhysicalTransformationEvents. Because in COSMO, a particular Type of substance at different concentrations is considered as different subtypes of a common substance, their identies differ at different concentrations, and even a dissipation of some gas into a larger volume of space is viewed as destroying one substance and creating another. `NOTE that in Cyc PhysicalTransformationEvent and 'PhysicalTransformationProcess' are distinct, but even though in COSMO Events and processes are more differentiated than in Cyc, as of this version (0.36) we are not representing Porcesses separeately from Events, and 'PhysicalTransformationProcess' is omitted. To represent changes in the molecular structure of substances, use the subtype 'ChemicalTransformationEvent'.`
Super-classes	PhysicalTransformationEvent^c
Sub-classes	ChemicalInteraction^c ChemicalTransformationEvent^c

ChemicalFormula^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalFormula`
Description	An AbstractString representing the atomic composition for well-defined substances, in which each atomic symbol in the String is followed by an integer, or another atomic symbol (implying the integer '1'). `Chemical formulas should use the 'CHEM_' namespace prefix, so as to minimize ambiguity, even if the bare formula appears unambiguous. But sometimes it is easier just to put in the formula showing the number of each type of atom. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical formula' in WordNet: 1. (1) formula, chemical formula - (a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements)`
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Sub-classes	AtomicSymbol^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CH3CH2OH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_H2O http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NaHCO3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NO3- http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_ZnO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_SiO2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C2H6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C7H5NO3S http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C2H4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C6H6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CaF2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CHCl3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C17H23NO3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C21H28O5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_H2NOH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_BaNO3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_HCN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NH2-CO-NH2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CaO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NaCl http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CaSO4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CH2OHCHOHCH2OH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NH2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CH3COCH3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C5H12 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_Al2SiO4_OH-F-_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_HO-OH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C6H5CHCH2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_BaSO4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_RCOOH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_HF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_H2S http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CaCO3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C8H18 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_COOH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NaOH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C4H10O http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C6H5CH3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_Al2O3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C6H14 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C6H12O6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_Na2_B4O5-OH-4_8H2O http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NH3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C3H8 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C6H5COO-OOC6H5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CaO2H2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C4H9COOH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CH3-NO3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CH3COOH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CO2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C4H10 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_BaCl2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NO3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C6H7N http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_SnO2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_KOH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C9H13N http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C7H6O2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_K2CO3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C9H8O4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C5H10O5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C16H13ClN2O http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_CH4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_C-O-C

ChemicalInteraction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalInteraction`
Description	An Event in which two or more chemical substances come into contact and cause some chemical transformation, which may be as subtle as a non-covalent binding of one substance to the other, without actual change in the covalent bonds of either. In Cyc this general category is not considered to be a 'PhysicalTransformationEvent', but in COSMO we take a different view of Substances, and even such subtle changes in Substances are here considered as PhysicalTransformationEvents. For interactions of two or more substances where some change in the covalent chemical structure of one occurs, use 'ChemicalReaction'. Cyc: This is the class of chemical interactions, events in which molecules of two or more types come into proximity and react in ways determined by their structure. Note that this collection is more general that #$ChemicalReaction since these interactions may not amount to #$PhysicalTransformationEvents. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'chemical process' in WordNet: 1. chemical process, chemical change, chemical action - ((chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved)
Super-classes	ChemicalEvent^c Interacting^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	ChemicalReaction^c Chelation^c Solvation^c

ChemicalIntermediate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalIntermediate`
Description	A ''ChemicalIntermediate'' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is neither the starting material (a ''ChemicalPrecursor'') nor th ''FinalChemicalProduct'' in a series of chemical reactions that are steps in a ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intermediate' in WordNet: 1. (2) intermediate - (a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some MultistepChemicalSynthesis^c isConsumedInEvent^op some MultistepChemicalSynthesis^c

ChemicalIrritant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalIrritant

Description

Specialized, and Included just to complete level 4 of WordNet (2.1.4.47).

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refrigerant' in WordNet:
         1. chemical irritant - (a substance producing irritation)

Super-classes SubstanceRole^c
ToxicSubstance^c

ChemicalMoiety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalMoiety`
Description	An AtomGroup that is part of a larger Molecule, having some fixed number of certain specific atom types. For example: phosphate group (-H2PO4), carboxyl group (-CO2H), amine group (-NH2). `@ToDo: this entity should be defined by a restriction on types, not instances. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'group' in WordNet: 2. (9) group, radical, chemical group - ((chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule)`
Super-classes	AtomGroup^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Molecule^c
Sub-classes	SiloxaneGroup^c AminoGroup^c AcetateGroup^c NitrateGroup^c CarboxylGroup^c PhosphateGroup^c NitroGroup^c AldehydeGroup^c PeroxideGroup^c HydroxylGroup^c

ChemicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalObject`
Description	A specialization of #$MicroscopicScaleObject. Each instance of #$ChemicalObject is an object whose behavior is typically described in terms of its outer cloud of #$Electrons. Specializations of #$ChemicalObject include the collections #$Atom, #$Molecule, and #$Ion.
Super-classes	ExanimateThing^c MicroscopicScaleObject^c
Sub-classes	Atom^c AtomGroup^c PeptideChain^c Ion^c

ChemicalObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalObjectType`
Description	''ChemicalObjectType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for plant parts and an argument restriction for various relations on ''ChemicalObject''s. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
In range of	hasMonomerUnit^op
Members	PeptideChain EtherGroup HydroxylGroup AminoAcidUnit PeptideMolecule DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit ProteinMolecule Molecule AminoGroup NucleotideUnit Atom AcetateGroup EnzymeMolecule PeroxideGroup NitrateGroup PhosphateGroup MonomerUnit AtomGroup CarboxylGroup ChemicalMoiety NitroGroup SiloxaneGroup HydrogenFluorideMolecule AldehydeGroup

ChemicalPrecursor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalPrecursor`
Description	Each 'ChemicalPrecursor' is an instance of SubstanceType that is transformed by some chemical modification into another 'SubstanceType in a ChemicalTransformationEvent which could be a a biosynthetic reaction) or in a ''ChemicalSynthesis'' (an intentional synthesizing of some chemical) Action. For a ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis'' this will be one of the compounds that are starting materials, not a ''ChemicalIntermediate'' in that particular ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis''. This is a subtype of the more general 'Reactant'. This is a Role that can be played by some instance of 'ChemicalSubstanceType' in some 'ChemicalTransformationEvent' (a chemical reaction). This is close to the same meaning as 'Reactant', but emphaizes the precursor Role. NOTE that this type is used for 'ChemicallyDefinedSubstance's, in which at least the composition if not the structure of the ChemicalPrecursos is known. NOTE that a substance may be a precursor in multiple different reactions, so the reaction in which the substance is labeled a 'ChemicalPrecursor' needs to be referenced by the 'isaPrecursorInReaction' relation. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'precursor' in WordNet: 1. precursor - (a substance from which another substance is formed (especially by a metabolic reaction))
Super-classes	Role^c Reactant^c
Restrictions	isaPrecursorOf^op some SubstanceType^c isConsumedInEvent^op value ChemicalTransformationEvent^c isaPrecursorInReaction^op some ChemicalTransformationEvent^c

ChemicalPurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalPurity`
Description	''ChemicalPurity'' is a ''RelativeState'' that is a ''Quality'' of substances with the attribute ''Pure''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purity' in WordNet: 1. (5) purity, pureness - (being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material)`
Super-classes	RelativeState^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Pure^c

ChemicalReaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalReaction`
Description	'. COSMO note: as in CYC, a chemical 'reaction' involving only one chemical species is represented by the parent type 'ChemicalTransformationEvent'. This can be used to represent a series of reactions, which can be represented by a Group of 'ChemicalReaction's. As of rev1127 no generic group of CHemicalReactions is defined, but 'Metabolizing' is considered as a Group of one or more ChemicalReactions. The restriction requires that an sinstance of this type specify at least one substance that was changed (including created) in this Event. NOTE that this type is not an ActionType and does not require that an IntentionalAgent control the reaction. For that, see 'ChemicalSynthesis'. CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$PhysicalTransformationEvent. Each instance of #$ChemicalReaction is an event in which two or more substances undergo a chemical change, i.e., some portions of the substances involved are transformed into different #$ChemicalSubstanceTypes. The transformations are brought about by purely chemical (including biochemical) means which affect chemical bonds between atoms in the molecules of stuff, rather than by physical means, biological means, or purposeful planning, etc. Examples of #$ChemicalReaction: instances of #$CombustionProcess; instances of #$Photosynthesis-Generic. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'reaction' in WordNet: 3. (137) chemical reaction, reaction - ((chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; 'there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water')
Super-classes	ChemicalTransformationEvent^c ChemicalInteraction^c PhysicalReaction^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	BiochemicalReaction^c Oxidation^c Catalysis^c ChemicalSynthesis^c

ChemicalReactionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalReactionType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some class of '''ChemicalReaction''' as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	EventType^c ActionType^c
Sub-classes	BiochemicalReactionType^c
Members	MultistepChemicalSynthesis Oxidation Catalysis ChemicalReaction ChemicalSynthesis ChemicalBondCleavage

ChemicalReactor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalReactor`
Description	A ''ChemicalReactor' is a ''Vat'' that is used for industrial or developmental scale chemical processes including chemical reactions and extraction processes. `No WN sense for this type. RHW sense 5 of 'reactor': 5. Chem. (esp. in industry) a large container, as a vat, for processes in which the substances involved undergo a chemical reaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical reactor' in WordNet: 1. chemical reactor - (an apparatus for holding substances that are undergoing a chemical reaction)`
Super-classes	Vat^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ChemicalSynthesis^c

ChemicalSequence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalSequence`
Description	A ''ChemicalSequence'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is a subtype of ''Sequence'' in which the individual component members are ''ChemicalMoiety''s of some type common among the members. The most common types of ''ChemicalSequence'' of the 'polypeptide' that is the unit object of a ''Polymer'', e.g. one molecule of a Protein, or the sequence in an RNA or DNA molecule.
Super-classes	Molecule^c Sequence^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value AtomGroup^c
Sub-classes	ProteinMolecule^c NucleicAcidMolecule^c PeptideChain^c

ChemicalSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalSubstanceType`
Description	a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ChemicallyDefinedSubstance as their argument. Cyc: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Each instance of #$ChemicalSubstanceType is a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible whose instances are defined _only_ by their chemical composition - not by their physical state or any other property. Instances of #$ChemicalSubstanceType can be of two varieties: (1) Collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical composition; this includes (a) the chemical elements - such as #$Carbon, #$Oxygen, and #$Hydrogen - which are instances of #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons (thus, the latter is a specialization of #$ChemicalSubstanceType), and (b) chemical compounds constituted of more than one substance chemically bonded, e.g., #$Water, #$Caffeine, and #$IronOxide, which are instances of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies (2) Substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., #$DNAStuff. Note that collections that are _not_ instances of #$ChemicalSubstanceType include collections of substances which have some component which is of overriding significance in some context, so that in everyday language such substances are frequently referred to by the name of their important component (e.g., penicillin applied to a tablet containing penicillin), but which have significant admixtures of other substances. Thus, #$Penicillin is an instance of #$ChemicalSubstanceType, but the collection of tablets containing penicillin and including other ingredients is not. Also, specializations of #$Mixture, such as #$Lemonade, are _not_ instances of #$ChemicalSubstanceType, because mixtures are determined by their physical state rather than solely by their chemical composition.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	VitaminType^c ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType^c NucleicAcidType^c MetalType^c LipidType^c PlasticType^c AcidType^c ElementType^c PhotographicDeveloperType^c FluidType^c PharmaceuticalType^c
In domain of	isImmiscibleWith^op hasChemicalComposition^op hasChemicalName^dp
In range of	isImmiscibleWith^op
Members	OxygenCompound Corticosterone Glucocorticoid PlasterOfParis BenzoylPeroxide Polyethylene MessengerRNA Quinine Starch Sugar Silicone SodiumHydroxide Polysaccharide Carbohydrate Opioid Pesticide AcetateIon Neurotransmitter Formaldehyde AliphaticCompound CarbonMonoxide Sugar-Generic BetaLactam SlakedLime Petrochemical Saccharin InsulinTheSecretion Halide Wax Fluorite LumpSugar Polyester ChemicallyDefinedSubstance Progesterone CarbonHalide FluorescentSubstance Miticide Neurochemical AminoAcid NitroMethane Cellulose Ethene PhosphateIon Salt Lysine Catecholamine BloodOxygen Insecticide Aspirin Cortisone SodiumChloride FreeMonomerUnit Adrenaline HydrogenCyanide Potash Hydrocarbon Quinolone Acetate Methane BotulinumToxin OrganicCompound ArtificialSweetener Chitin SteroidHormone Choline Aldehyde Acid Disaccharide Peptide Lactose Melanin HarmfulChemicalSubstance Octane Aniline Corundum BiochemicalCompound Alcohol ImipenemCilastatinSodium Ether NonMetal Barite Carbide ButanoicAcid Chlorofluorocarbon Water Electrolyte Nicotine NitrogenCompound CalciumSulfate Parathion Chlorophyll Toluene EthylAcetate Cysteine Cocaine Venom AcrylateCompound PotassiumCarbonate Benzene Propane Phlegm PowderedSugar OrganicAcid NitrateIon Testosterone CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance TetraHydroCannabinol Phosphate CarbonCompound MacroMolecularSubstance Amphetamine Cyanide Malathion PureWater PrimaryAmine Erythromycin Hexane InorganicNitrates Pentane Ibuprofen PhosphorusCompound ChemicalPrecursor PotassiumHydroxide CalciumFluoride RibosomalRNA Famotidine Calcitonin Ethane ChemicallyBasicSubstance Toxin BenzoicAcid Estrogen PetroleumJelly Beeswax Methicillin TableSugar Penicillin Thyroxine ChlorideIon Cholesterol Ester Borax Chloride EthylAlcohol Nucleotide Alkane Rennin Opiate Atropine Chloroform Substrate Reactant Nitroglycerine Urea Antioxidant Acetylene Sweetener Morphine Amoxicillin Siloxane Butterfat Monosaccharide Butanol Herbicide Peroxide Butane Monoxide QuickLime BoricAcid AsparticAcid CalciumCarbonate Mescaline Glycerol BakingSoda Amine Hormone Ketone HydrogenPeroxide Glycogen Topaz TNT Mucus Vinyl Rubber Androgen Asparagine Enzyme HydrogenSulfide Alkaloid Pyridine Thyrotropin Styrene Aspartame Acetylcholine TableSalt Soot ThyroidHormone Heroin MetabolizableCarbohydrate Sucrose Freon Acetone Corticosteroid Leucine AromaticCompound HydrogenFluoride

ChemicalSynthesis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalSynthesis`
Description	ChemicalSynthesis is an Event in which some quantity of PhysicalSubstance is created as the intentional action of an Agent. This term is usually applied to synthesis of relatively pure compounds, but that is not required for instances of this type. To represent the steps in a multi-step synthesis, use 'ReactionChain' to list the order of appearances of substances. NOTE: for chemical reactions that are not intentionally caused by an Agent, use the parent 'ChemicalReaction' or (for single-substance transformations) its parent 'ChemicalEvent' . Cyc: The collection of processes by which chemical compounds are created (usually out of simpler chemical compounds). SUMO: The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which a CompoundSubstance is formed from simpler reactants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synthesis' and part of verb sense 1 of 'synthesize' in WordNet: 1. (7) synthesis - (the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)) WN verb 'synthesize' 1. (3) synthesize, synthesise - (combine so as to form a more complex, product; 'his operas synthesize music and drama in perfect harmony')
Super-classes	Combining^c PhysicalSynthesis^c ChemicalReaction^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some SyntheticSubstance^c
Sub-classes	MultistepChemicalSynthesis^c

ChemicalTransformationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalTransformationEvent`
Description	An Event in which one or more chemical substances change the identity of the substance by changing the internal molecular structure. When two or more substance interact, use the more specialized subtype 'ChemicalReaction'. In the case of ionic substances, mere mixture in solution is not a ChemicalTransformationEvent, but if a mixing of ionic substances causes precipitation of a substance that was not present at the beginning, (e.g. mixing sodium chloride solution with silver nitrate solution and precipitating silver chloride) that would be a ChemicalTransformationEvent. A ChemicalTransformationEvent can be caused by mere heating of a substance, or in the case of unstable substances, the chemical transformation may proceed without any change in the environment of the substance. Similar to SUMO 'ChemicalProcess': SUMO: A ChemicalProcess occurs whenever chemical compounds (CompoundSubstances) are formed or decomposed. For example, reactants disappear as chemical change occurs, and products appear as chemical change occurs. In a chemical change a chemical reaction takes place. Catalysts in a ChemicalProcess may speed up the reaction, but aren't themselves produced or consumed. Examples: rusting of iron and the decomposition of water, induced by an electric current, to gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen. SUMO: (partition ChemicalProcess ChemicalSynthesis ChemicalDecomposition). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'reaction' in WordNet: 3. (137) chemical reaction, reaction - ((chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; 'there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water')
Super-classes	ChemicalEvent^c
Sub-classes	ChemicalReaction^c ChemicalDecomposition^c AgingaSubstance^c Decomposing^c ChemicalBondCleavage^c

ChemicalWeapon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicalWeapon

Description

CYC: The collection of #$Weapons containing #$HarmfulChemicalSubstances; typically used in warfare or to subdue large groups of civilians, as in riots. #$ChemicalWeapons may temporarily disable humans, as with those containing #$TearGas, or may result in serious burns, paralysis or death.

        SUMO: Weapons that damage or destroy Organisms by means 
          of a ChemicalAgent.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical weapon' in WordNet:
           1. chemical weapon - (chemical substances that can be delivered 
              using munitions and dispersal devices to cause death or severe harm 
              to people and animals and plants)

Super-classes BiochemicalWeapon^c

Chemically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chemically

Description

''Chemically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to assert that they pertain to chemical properties or Chemistry or Events involving chemicals. 'chemically stable';

        Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'chemically' in WordNet:
          1. (2) chemically, with chemicals - (by the use of chemicals; 'chemically fertilized')
          2. (2) chemically - (with respect to chemistry; 'chemically different substances')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

ChemicallyBasic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicallyBasic

Description

''ChemicallyBasic'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that asserts that the thing described has the pH raising capability of a ''ChemicallyBasicSubstance''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'basic' in WordNet:
         4. (2) basic - (of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicallyBasicSubstance`
Description	A substance that can neutralize an acidic substance, usually by combining with a dissociable proton from the acid to form water or a stable cation, or can at least acceopt a proton. Sodium hydroxide (lye) and ammonia are inorganic examples, Aniline is an organic chemical example. Basicity, like acidity, is a quantitative attribute, and there are weaker and stronger bases. NOTE that the mere acceptance of a proton (e.g. by an amino group) puts a chemical in this category, even though it may lower the pH of an aqueous solution. This is a property of chemical combination capability, not of pH effects. See AminoAcid for something that is both basic and acidic. NOTE that to be basic it is not necessary to be chemically defined. Soils can be acidic or basic. SUMO seems to require chemical definition, but in COSMO this category is broader. In SUMO called 'ChemicalBase' SUMO: A CompoundSubstance that is capable of reacting with an ''Acid'' and forming a ChemicalSalt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'base' in WordNet: 1. (11) base, alkali - (any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water; 'bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia')
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Alkaloid^c AminoAcid^c OrganicBase^c Ammonia^c Hydroxylamine^c Choline^c Aniline^c

ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicallyDefinedSubstance`
Description	A ChemicallyDefinedSubstance is a PhysicalSubstance that is defined by its chemical composition. The specialized types will have a relatively well-defined composition, though the higher level catagories may have significant variation in the exact chemical composition, such as 'Rubber' or 'Alloy'. Substances that are commonly thought of as relatively defined, even though they are mixtures such as Ivory and gemstone substances, are also subtypes of this Type. In Cyc labeled 'TangibleStuffCompositionType'. Cyc: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$ExistingStuffType. Instances are subcollections of #$PartiallyTangible whose membership is based only on the physical and/or chemical composition of their instances. #$TangibleStuffCompositionType does not have as instances collections whose instances are determined _solely_ by the physical state they are in - for that, see #$TangibleStuffStateType. However, many substances that chemically break down before melting (e.g. #$FattyTissue) _are_ included in this collection, even though they exist solely in one physical state. The collection #$Water is an instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType, as instances of #$Water are all pieces of substance with the chemical composition H20. On the other hand , the collection of all pieces of ice (i.e. (#$SolidFn #$Water)) is not a #$TangibleStuffCompositionType, because membership in that collection depends on the substance's composition _and_ on its physical state. #$TalcumPowder is not an instance of this collection because a fused mass of the substance would no longer be powder, but would still be of the same #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Further instances of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType are #$Nylon, #$GasolineFuel, #$FattyTissue, #$Nitrogen, and #$Glass. An important specialization of this collection is #$ChemicalSubstanceType - those substance types defined solely by their chemical formulae. Includes noun sense 1 of 'compound' and noun sense 1 of 'chemical' in WordNet: 1. (34) compound, chemical compound - ((chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight) WN noun 'chemical': 1. (10) chemical, chemical substance - (produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules)
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	CarbonMonoxide^c ChemicalElement^c Reactant^c Metal^c Water^c Electrolyte^c Softener^c Peroxide^c CarbonCompound^c Polymer^c HydrogenSulfide^c MolecularStuff^c Siloxane^c PhosphorusCompound^c SyntheticRubber^c Rubber^c Enamel^c OxygenCompound^c InorganicChemical^c NitrogenCompound^c Halide^c Salt^c Monoxide^c

ChemicallyNeutral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicallyNeutral

Description

''ChemicallyNeutral'' is a property of substances that are neither acidic nor basic.

    This type could use a pH value relation - a DatatypeProperty could work.

      NoWN sense;
      RHW adjective 'neutral':
       8.  Chem. exhibiting neither acid nor alkaline qualities: neutral salts.

Super-classes Inactive^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

ChemicallyReactive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemicallyReactive

Description

''ChemicallyReactive'' is a form of ''Unstable'' characterizing chemical substances or mixtures that are able to 'react' that readily react chemically with (at least some) other substances without using heat or other forcing factors such as radiation or pressure, or to spontaneously decompose (this latter should be a subtype or sibling type)..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reactive' in Wordnet:
          1. reactive - (participating readily in reactions; 'sodium is a reactive metal'; 
              'free radicals are very reactive')

Super-classes Unstable^c

Chemise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chemise`
Description	`@ToDo: Covers chest and waist. This needs to be added as a restriction. A 'teddy' has a short bottom part - perhaps should be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemise' in WordNet: 1. chemise, shimmy, shift, slip, teddy - (a woman's sleeveless undergarment)`
Super-classes	Underwear^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sleeveless^c

Chemist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chemist`
Description	A scientist trained in Chemistry. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemist' in Wordnet: 1. (26) chemist - (a scientist who specializes in chemistry)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Chemistry^c
Sub-classes	Biochemist^c

Chemistry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chemistry`
Description	the science concerned with studying the structure of substances, the events that cause them to change, and the way they combine and interact with each other, and the effects of certain influences such as temperature and pressure on the properties of substances. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemistry' in WordNet: 1. (32) chemistry, chemical science - (the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Chemist^c
Sub-classes	Biochemistry^c

ChemoReceptiveSensor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChemoReceptiveSensor`
Description	Sensors that detect molecules or properties of molecules. This includes artifacts as well as sense organs and molecules at the surface of Cells that act to sense other molecules in the environment.
Super-classes	Sensor^c
Restrictions	detects^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	SmokeAlarm^c Nose^c Tongue^c

Chemotherapeutic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chemotherapeutic

Description

Pertaining to 'Chemotherapy' and chemotherapeutic drugs..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chemotherapeutic' in Wordnet:
         1. chemotherapeutic, chemotherapeutical - (of or relating to chemotherapy)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Chemotherapy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chemotherapy

Description

This is broader than the CYC entry -not just for cancer, for mental illness can be at home.

      CYC: Chemical treatment of cancer.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemotherapy' in WordNet:
       1. chemotherapy - (the use of chemical agents to treat 
           or control disease (or mental illness))

Super-classes DrugTherapy^c

Cherished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cherished`
Description	The property of things that are considered (by their possesor or potential possessor) to have a high degree of positive value, for reasons other than monetary value. `@ToDo: how is this related to 'loved'? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 'cherished' and sense 1 of 'precious' in WordNet: 1. (7) cherished, precious, treasured, wanted - (characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for; 'a cherished friend'; 'children are precious'; 'a treasured heirloom'; 'so good to feel wanted')`
Super-classes	Valuable^c
Sub-classes	Prized^c

CherishingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CherishingSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cherish' in WordNet: 1. (13) care for, cherish, hold dear, treasure - (be fond of; be attached to)`
Super-classes	Love^c

Cherokee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cherokee`
Description	''Cherokee'' is the attribute pertaining to a "CherokeePerson'' or the 'CherokeeLanguage''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

CherokeeLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CherokeeLanguage`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Cherokee' in WordNet: 1. (1) Cherokee - (the Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee)`
Super-classes	NaturalLanguage^c

CherokeePerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CherokeePerson

Description

Each ''Cherokee'' is a person who is a member of or descended from the Cherokee tribe of North America.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Cherokee' in WordNet:
           2. Cherokee - (a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living 
              in the Appalachian Mountains but now chiefly in Oklahoma)

Super-classes AmericanIndian^c

Cherry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cherry`
Description	A Drupe produced by a CherryTree, typically red. It comes in sweet and sour varieties. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cherry' in Wordnet: 3. cherry - (a red fruit with a single hard stone)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c Drupe^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.0^c hasCharacteristicColor^op value Red^c isTheFruitOfa^op value CherryTree^c

CherryPie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CherryPie`
Description	A Pie that has a mixture of Cherries and some sweetened sauce as the PieFilling. This is a baked pie, not the raw unbaked object.
Super-classes	Pie^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value CherryPieFilling^c

CherryPieFilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CherryPieFilling`
Description	''CherryPieFilling'' is a PieFilling that contains whole cherries or pieces of Cherry, along with sugar (Sucrose), Cinnamon, and possibly other ingredients, and fills the LowerCrust of an ''CherryPie''. It is baked before serving.
Super-classes	BakedFood^c PieFilling^c

CherryTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CherryTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cherry tree' in Wordnet: 1. cherry, cherry tree - (any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood)`
Super-classes	FruitTree^c
Restrictions	bearsFruitType^op value Cherry^c

Chess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chess

Description

The ancient game of chess, as played on a ChessBoard, by two players, each player starting with 16 pieces of 6 types.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chess' in Wordnet:
          2. chess, chess game - (a board game for two players who move their 16 pieces
           according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king)

Super-classes BoardGame^c

ChessBoard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChessBoard

Description

An 8x8 square board that can be used for chess or checkers. This type includes both chessboard and checkerboard (can one tell the difference?)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chessboard' in Wordnet:
           1. chessboard, chess board - (a checkerboard used to play chess)
        WN 'checkerboard':
          1. checkerboard, checker board - (a board having 64 squares of two alternating colors)

Super-classes GameBoard^c

ChessPiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChessPiece`
Description	One of the six types of movable piece used in the game of chess: King, Queen, Knight, Rook (castle) Bishop, pawn. To be an instance of this type the object must be an artifact that was created explictly to serve as one of the recognizable pieces in the game of chess, and must have a shape that allows a typical chess player to recognize what kind of piece it is.There are many styles of chess piece but an instance of this type should not be so idiosyncratic as to be difficult to recognize., `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chess piece' in WordNet: 1. chessman, chess piece - (any of 16 white and 16 black pieces used in playing the game of chess)`
Super-classes	GamePiece^c GameToken^c
Sub-classes	Queen-ChessPiece^c Knight-ChessPiece^c Bishop-ChessPiece^c Rook-ChessPiece^c Pawn-ChessPiece^c King-ChessPiece^c

ChessSet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChessSet`
Description	Each instance of #$ChessSet includes exactly one #$ChessBoard, eight white and eight black pawns, two black and two white of each of these pieces: rook, knight bishop; and one king and one queen of each color (black and white) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chess set' in WordNet: 1. (1) chess set - (checkerboard and a set of 32 pieces used to play chess)`
Super-classes	Group^c Game-EquipmentSet^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ChessPiece^c hasComponentElement^op value ChessBoard^c

Chest-BodyPart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chest-BodyPart

Description

CYC: The collection of the chests of #$Animals. The animal's chest is its #$AnimalBodyPart region located between its neck and its abdomen. For people and many other types of animals, the chest is bounded by (defined by, given shape by) the animal's ribcage.

        NOTE that this is the entire chest cavity, not just the front part.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chest' in WordNet:
          1. (34) thorax, chest, pectus - (the part of the human torso between 
          the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates)

Super-classes ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
AnimalBodyPart^c

Chest-Box^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chest-Box`
Description	A 'Chest-Box' is a Box with a lid, used for storage and usually more sturdy than a CardboardBox. It may be made out of wood, but may be small. The type of 'chest' that is furniture with drawers is represented by 'ChestOfDrawers', which is not a subtype of this type because it does not have a lid (it has drawers). For a chest of drawers, use 'ChestOfDrawers'. A 'Chest-Box' should be of a minimum size, too large to carry wih one hand (not yet formalized). This is similar to the Cyc 'Chest-PieceOfFurniture': CYC: Basically just the intersection of #$BoxTheContainer and Furniture but it is unclear whether that CYC term is intended to have the same meaning, as a 'Chest-Box' may be used as a piece of luggage for traveling, and in that case is not clearly a piece of furniture. NOTE: this is not a 'chest of drawers' (see 'ChestOfDrawers'), but a simple large box with a built-in lid used as a piece of furniture or luggage. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chest' in WordNet: 2. (1) chest - (box with a lid; used for storage; usually large and sturdy)
Super-classes	Box^c HexalateralObject^c StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ContainerLid^c
Sub-classes	Coffer^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArkOfTheCovenant

ChestCavity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChestCavity`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Chest-BodyPart cavities, or cavities within the thorax, that each contains the #$Lungs, #$Pleura (pleurae), #$Mediastinum, #$Heart, etc. A #$ChestCavity includes its walls, such as the #$RibCage. `This is considered to be part of (and therefore located at) a 'Chest-BodyPart'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chest cavity' in WordNet: 1. chest cavity, thoracic cavity - (the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c CavityWithWalls^c BodyCavity^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Chest-BodyPart^c

ChestOfDrawers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChestOfDrawers`
Description	This is for a 'chest' that has drawers in it; for a simple storage box called a 'chest'use 'Chest-Box. This includes dressers with mirrors on top as well as tall chests with drawers and no mirror; it includes chests of drawers with tall legs ('highboy') as well as short legged or no-legged chests. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chest' in WordNet: 3. chest of drawers, chest, bureau, dresser - (furniture with drawers for keeping clothes)`
Super-classes	Object-SupportingFurniture^c FurniturePiece^c StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Drawer^c

Chestnut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chestnut`
Description	edible nut Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chestnut' in WordNet: 3. chestnut - (edible nut of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea)
Super-classes	EdibleNut^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value ChestnutTree^c

ChestnutBlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChestnutBlight`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chestnut blight' in WordNet: 1. chestnut blight, chestnut canker, chestnut-bark disease - (a disease of American chestnut trees)`
Super-classes	Blight^c

ChestnutTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChestnutTree

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chestnut tree' in WordNet:
          1. chestnut, chestnut tree - (any of several
             attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn;
             yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur)

Super-classes NutTree^c

ChestnutWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChestnutWood`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chestnut' in WordNet: 1. chestnut - (wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea)`
Super-classes	Wood^c Lumber^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value ChestnutTree^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c

Chewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chewing`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Chewing event, foodstuff is mashed in the mouth. An element of #$Chewing consists of a large number of #$Biting sub-events. Anatomical resources required for a #$Chewing are a tongue and whatever hard surfaces the species involved uses for #$Biting, e.g., teeth. The teeth go up and down or grind, and the tongue maneuvers the food around. `SUMO: Breaking up or mashing Food with one's teeth. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chew' in Wordnet: 1. (10) chew, masticate, manducate, jaw - (chew (food); 'He jawed his bubble gum'; 'Chew your food and don't swallow it!'; 'The cows were masticating the grass')`
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Mouth^c requiredBodypart^op value SetOfTeeth^c
Sub-classes	Munch^c Chomping^c Gnawing^c

ChewingGum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChewingGum`
Description	A type of 'Gum' that is variously flavored sold in small strips and is chewed to enjoy its pleasant taste. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chewing gum, gum - (a preparation (usually made of sweetened chicle) for chewing)`
Super-classes	Gum^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Chewing^c
Sub-classes	BubbleGum^c

Chi^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chi`
Description	This ''Chi'' is a form of ''Vitality'' postulated in Chines philosophy and traditional medicine. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chi' in WordNet: 1. qi, chi, ch'i, ki - (the circulating life energy that in Chinese philosophy is thought to be inherent in all things; in traditional Chinese medicine the balance of negative and positive forms in the body is believed to be essential for good health)`
Super-classes	Vitality^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c

Chic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chic`
Description	A QualitativeAttributeValue of People who dress or Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chic, smart, voguish - (elegant and stylish; 'chic elegance'; 'a smart new dress'; 'a suit of voguish cut')
Super-classes	Stylish^c Elegant^c

Chick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chick`
Description	A young bird of any species. A chick of a domestic chicken is represented as subtype 'ChickenChick'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chick' in Wordnet: 1. (2) chick, biddy - (young bird especially of domestic fowl)`
Super-classes	JuvenileAnimal^c Bird^c
Sub-classes	ChickenChick^c

Chickadee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chickadee

Description

     RHW:  any of several North American birds of the genus Parus,
        of the titmouse family, esp. P. atricapillus (black-capped chickadee),
        having the throat and top of the head black.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chickadee' in WordNet:
        1. chickadee - (any of various small grey-and-black songbirds of North America)

Super-classes Titmouse^c

Chicken^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chicken`
Description	A member of the species (Gallus gallus) of domesticated Poultry commonly raised for it meat. Includes both males and females. `Cyc: The collection of all chickens (which excludes guinea fowl SUMO: A subclass of Poultry that is raised for its meat and for its eggs. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chicken' in WordNet: 2. (10) chicken, Gallus gallus - (a domestic fowl bred for flesh or eggs; believed to have been developed from the red jungle fowl)`
Super-classes	Poultry^c
Sub-classes	Rooster^c ChickenChick^c DomesticHen^c

ChickenChick^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChickenChick

Description

A young domestic chicken.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'chick' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) chick, biddy - (young bird especially of domestic fowl)

Super-classes Chick^c
Chicken^c

ChickenCoop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChickenCoop`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chicken coop' in Wordnet: 1. chicken coop, coop, hencoop, henhouse - (a farm building for housing poultry)`
Super-classes	ShelterConstruction^c FarmBuilding^c

ChickenMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChickenMeat`
Description	ChickenMeat as a substance, the kind used as a Food. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chicken' in WordNet: 1. (16) chicken, poulet, volaille - (the flesh of a chicken used for food)`
Super-classes	Food^c SolidFood^c Meat^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Chicken^c

ChickenParmagiana^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChickenParmagiana`
Description	A form of baked chicken with cheese on it.
Super-classes	BakedChicken^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Chicken^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Cheese^c

ChiefExecutiveOfficer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChiefExecutiveOfficer

Description

CYC: A collection of people (a subset of #$Person). The #$ChiefExecutiveOfficer is the head of a corporate organization (not necessarily a business, although Cyc's current representation tends to assume a business context). The #$ChiefExecutiveOfficer may or may not be the same #$Person as the #$President-CorporateOfficer.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chief executive officer' in WordNet:
           1. chief executive officer, CEO, chief operating officer -
            (the corporate executive responsible for the operations of the firm;
            reports to a board of directors; may appoint other managers 
            (including a president))

Super-classes Executive^c
Decision-Maker^c
BusinessPerson^c
CorporateOfficer^c

Chigger^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chigger

Description

minute, six-legged, reddish #$Larva of the harvest #$Mite, one of various 'red bugs' widely distributed throughout the world and common in the S United States. Attaching itself by its mouthparts to the skin of its vertebrate host, the chigger injects saliva that destroys cells and may cause an intense irritation known as red-bug dermatitis. The food of the chigger consists of the cellular contents and tissue fluid of the host. Certain Asian species carry minute organisms (rickettsias) that cause scrub typhus, a disease of humans.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chigger' in WordNet:
           2. harvest mite, chigger, jigger, redbug - 
              (larval mite that sucks the blood of vertebrates 
                including human beings causing intense irritation)

Super-classes Larva^c
Mite^c

Child^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Child`
Description	This type represents a human ''ChildRole'' - a child - at a young age. CYC ('HumanChild'): A specialization of #$YoungHuman, and an instance of #$HumanTypeByLifeStageType. Each instance of this collection is a human in the childhood stage of life. Functionally, this life stage ends when the child begins to take responsibility for themselves, work, have children of their own (or, at latest, when the person's age greatly exceeds that at which most people reach those milestones). Generally, this means that it spans the period from birth to teenage years. Notable specializations of this collection include #$MaleChild, #$FemaleChild, #$HumanToddler and #$HumanInfant. SUMO: A HumanYouth between birth and puberty, i.e a Human who is NonFullyFormed. The sense of ''MinorChild'', one not yet of legal age, is not explicit in WN, but is represented by the subtype ''MinorChild'' in COSMO. Includes noun sense 1 of 'child' in WordNet: 1. (625) child, kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry, tiddler, tike, tyke, fry, nestling - (a young person of either sex; 'she writes books for children'; 'they're just kids'; ''tiddler' is a British term for youngsters')
Super-classes	HumanYouth^c ChildRole^c
Sub-classes	MinorChild^c AdoptedChild^c Scout^c HumanToddler^c HumanPreSchoolageChild^c Playmate^c

ChildCustody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChildCustody`
Description	ChildCustody is a ''#PersistentState'' requiring that the cstodian perform (among other things) ''GuardingaChild'', where an adult serves as the legal guardian parent with the rights and responsibilities of a Parent. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 (for children) of 'custody' in WordNet: 3. hands, custody - ((with 'in') guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child; 'my fate is in your hands'; 'too much power in the president's hands'; 'your guests are now in my custody'; 'the mother was awarded custody of the children')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some MinorChild^c hasSubEvent^op some GuardingaChild^c hadAffectedPerson^op some MinorChild^c

ChildGuardian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChildGuardian`
Description	One who may or may not be a Parent of a ''MinorChild''; this represent anyone who is Guarding or has responsibility to guard a ''MinorChild'' including those acting in lieu of a parent to protect a child. `NOTE: in the restricted OWL logic it cannot be said that a ''ChildGuardian'' is not a (is disjoint with) ''Parent'' because those acting 'in loco parentis' for one ''MinorChild'' may have children of their own. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'guardian' in WordNet: 1. (4) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property) WN noun 'keeper': 1. keeper - (someone in charge of other people; 'am I my brother's keeper?')`
Super-classes	ParentOrGuardian^c Guardian^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GuardingaChild^c
Sub-classes	LegalGuardian^c BabySitter^c

ChildNeglect^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChildNeglect

Description

''ChildNeglect'' is a ''NeglectingaCustodialDuty'' where the duty is to keep a child (or children) safe and healthy.

       NOTE: in WN this is a subtype of 'mistreatment' but that
          term suggests intentional infliction of harm, and is not
          considered a parent type in COSMO

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'child neglect' in WordNet:
          1. child neglect - (failure of caretakers to provide 
             adequate emotional and physical care for a child)

Super-classes NeglectingaCustodialDuty^c

ChildRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChildRole`
Description	The Role of a Person who is the child of another person. For a young human child use 'Child' This includes all kinds of 'child' - biological, genetic, foster,adopted, etc. This does not refer to age, but is a role expressing a relation to another person: 'they had three kids'. `For biological 'child' (one of the ''Offspring'') use This corresponds to sense 2 of noun 'child' and sense 4 of 'kid' in WordNet:`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasParent^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Grandchild^c SonOrDaughter^c AdoptedChild^c Child^c BiologicalChild^c JuvenilePerson^c
In domain of	hasFather^op hasParent^op hasMother^op
In range of	isTheFatherOf^op hasChild^op

Childbirth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Childbirth`
Description	''Childbirth'' is a human ''BirthEvent'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'childbirth' in WordNet: 1. childbirth, childbearing, accouchement, vaginal birth - (the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child)`
Super-classes	BirthEvent^c
Restrictions	hadNewborn^op some Child^c hadMother^op some FemalePerson^c isTheStartingPartOf^op value Childhood^c

ChildcareWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChildcareWorker`
Description	Someone who takes care of a Child but is not the ''LegalGuardian'' or Parent. `This includes babysitters who can be young teens, so this is not necessarily an adult.`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value TakingCareOfaChild^c
Sub-classes	BabySitter^c Nanny^c

Childhood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Childhood`
Description	'Childhood' is the LifeStage that a Person is in prior to puberty, or at latest before the eighteenth birthday. NOTE: an earlier stage (or the first part) is represented as ''Infancy''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'childhood' in WordNet: 1. (9) childhood - (the time of person's life when they are a child)`
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Child^c
Sub-classes	Girlhood^c Boyhood^c

Childish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Childish`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'childish' in Wordnet: 1. (8) childish, infantile - (indicating a lack of maturity; 'childish tantrums'; 'infantile behavior')`
Super-classes	Immature^c

Childlike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Childlike

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'childlike' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed, simple - 
            (exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity; 'childlike trust'; 
            'dewy-eyed innocence'; 'listened in round-eyed wonder')

Super-classes Naive^c

Children^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Children`
Description	A Group of two or more ''Child''s, which see.
Super-classes	PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Child^c

ChildrensClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChildrensClothing`
Description
Super-classes	ClothingItem^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Child^c
Sub-classes	Jumper^c

ChildsGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChildsGame`
Description	All subtypes of 'ChildsGame' are typically played by young children. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'child's play' in WordNet: 2. play, child's play - (activity by children that is guided more by imagination than by fixed rules; 'Freud believed in the utility of play to a small child')`
Super-classes	Game^c
Sub-classes	Hide-and-seek^c TagYoureIt^c Peekaboo^c Hopscotch^c

Chilean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chilean`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Chilean' in Wordnet: 1. Chilean - (of or relating to or characteristic of Chile or its people; 'Chilean volcanoes')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ChileanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChileanPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Chilean' in WordNet: 1. Chilean - (a native or inhabitant of Chile)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chile^c

ChiliPepper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChiliPepper`
Description	`NOTE: 'chilly' is not in RHW in this sense. Left out to avoid confusion. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chili pepper' in WordNet: 2. chili, chili pepper, chilli, chilly, chile - (very hot and finely tapering pepper of special pungency)`
Super-classes	HotPepper^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot-Spicy^c
Sub-classes	CayennePepper^c Jalapeno^c

ChiliPeppers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChiliPeppers`
Description	`''ChiliPeppers'' is a Food derived from one or more ''ChiliPepper''s by chopping them up..`
Super-classes	HotPepper^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot-Spicy^c

Chill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chill`
Description	'Chill'' is a ''TemperatureSituation'' in which the air temperature is below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (8 deg C). The WN gloss suggests colder,but in COSMO colder would be 'cold', not 'Cool'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chill' in WordNet: 1. (3) chill, iciness, gelidity - (coldness due to a cold environment)`
Super-classes	TemperatureSituation^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Cool^c

Chilled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chilled`
Description	''Chilled'' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or substance that has been cooled down below room temperature in a ''Chilling'' Action. This is a subtype of ''Cold'' in which the Object becomes ''Cold'' due to an intentional Action.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Cold^c
Sub-classes	ChilledWithIce^c

ChilledDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChilledDrink`
Description	This ''ChilledDrink'' is for the liquid substance. A container of ''ChilledDrink'' would be a subtype of ''ContainerAndContents''. `CYC 'Chilled'`
Super-classes	Beverage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Chilled^c

ChilledWithIce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChilledWithIce`
Description	''ChilledWithIce'' is a subAttribute of ''Chilled'' for ''PhysicalObject''s including ''SolidObject''s and quantities of liquid that have been lowered to near zero centigrade by immersing them or immersing a container cintaining them into ''Ice'' in a liquid containing ice (e.g ice water), or by adding ''IceCube''s to the liquid, such as a ''Beverage''.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Chilled^c

Chilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chilling`
Description	''Chilling'' is an intentional Action in which an Agent causes the temperature of some Object to decrease close to 0 deg. Centigrade, but not below (that would be freezing). CYC: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType, and a specialization of #$CoolingProcess. Each instance of #$Chilling is a cooling process in which a substance is cooled to a #$Cold temperature. For example, the preparation of Jello involves chilling it; so each time someone makes a batch of Jello, that is an instance of the collection #$Chilling. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'chill' in WordNet: 2. (1) cool, chill, cool down - (make cool or cooler; 'Chill the food') WN noun 'cooling': 1. (7) cooling, chilling, temperature reduction - (the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature)
Super-classes	CoolingProcess^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Chilled^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Cold^c
Sub-classes	Refrigerating^c

ChillingWithIce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChillingWithIce`
Description	''ChillingWithIce'' is a ''Chilling'' that uses ''Ice'' (frozen ''Water'') to bring the teperature of an object close to 0 degrees centigrade. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'ice' in WordNet: 2. ice - (put ice on or put on ice; 'Ice your sprained limbs')`
Super-classes	CoolingProcess^c
Restrictions	usedSubstance^op value Ice^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value ChilledWithIce^c

Chilly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chilly

Description

''Chilly'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for ambient air, or beverages indicating that the temperature of the object is cold enough to be uncomfortable (for air),e.g. below 15 deg C, but not 'Freezing' (below about 5 deg C).

        RHW 'freezing': (not literally below 0 deg C, but feeling more than just
              a little cold).
          2.  extremely or uncomfortably cold; chilled: 
              We were both freezing and welcomed the hot cocoa.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chilly' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) chill, chilly - (uncomfortably cool; 'a chill wind'; 'chilly weather')

Super-classes Uncomfortable^c

Chimaera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chimaera`
Description	This ''Chimaera'' is for the mythological monster `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Chimaera' in WordNet: 1. Chimera, Chimaera - ((Greek mythology) fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail; daughter of Typhon)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c MythicalThing^c FemaleAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Chimerical^c

Chimera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chimera`
Description	An ''Chimera'' is a ''Notion'' of something that is thought to be possible, but is''Unlikely'' to exist or even be possible. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chimera' in WordNet: 2. chimera, chimaera - (a grotesque product of the imagination)`
Super-classes	Notion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unlikely^c isInTheMindOf^op only IntelligentAgent^c

Chimerical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chimerical

Description

''Chimerical'' is the property of something not only imaginary but highly improbable. This attribute is used mostly in a disparaging rather than literal sense to assert that some idea (often a propoosal for action) is both unlikely and can exist only in the proposer's imagination.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'chimerical' in Wordnet:
          2. chimerical - (produced by a wildly fanciful imagination; 
             'his Utopia is not a chimerical commonwealth but a practical improvement
             on what already exists'- Douglas Bush)

Super-classes Unlikely^c
Imaginary^c

Chimes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chimes`
Description	A ''PercussionInstrument'' that has multiple ''Bell'-toned metal (or wooden or glass) pieces (often strips of metal on a frame), that can produce different tones when different ''Bell''s are struck. This is broadly interpreted, as with RWH sense 2: 2. Often, chimes. a. a set of bells or of slabs of metal, stone, wood, etc., producing musical tones when struck. b. a musical instrument consisting of such a set, esp. a glockenspiel. c. the musical tones thus produced. d. carillon. This type also includes the 'wind chime', a set of tubular metal pieces that are hung vertically outdoors with a striker hung in the center, that make a series of pleasant ringing sounds when moved by the wind. WN subtypes include set of bells. These can be differentiated when needed, to be more specific. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'chime' in WordNet: 1. chime, bell, gong - (a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument)
Super-classes	PercussionInstrument^c
Sub-classes	WindChimes^c Glockenspiel^c

Chimney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chimney`
Description	The structure through which smoke flows from a controlled fire in some structure to the outside, such as from the fireplace of a house or the furnace of any of several types of structures, domestic or commercial. `SUMO: A thin passageway through which Smoke from a controlled fire is conducted Outside of a Building or Room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chimney' in WordNet: 1. (9) chimney - (a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building)`
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c ContainerArtifact^c FluidConduit^c NonPoweredDevice^c Conveyance-Stationary^c PathArtifact^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value Smoke^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value ControlledFire^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value EmittingSmoke^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Sub-classes	Smokestack^c

Chimpanzee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chimpanzee`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chimpanzee' in WordNet: 1. chimpanzee, chimp, Pan troglodytes - (intelligent somewhat arboreal ape of equatorial African forests)`
Super-classes	GreatApe^c

Chin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chin`
Description	The protrusion of the face below the mouth. `SUMO: A part of the Face which protrudes slightly and which is lower than all other parts of the Face. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chin' in WordNet: 1. (14) chin, mentum - (the protruding part of the lower jaw)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c

ChinStrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChinStrap`
Description	A ''ChinStrap'' is a ''Strap'' attached to the two sides of a ''Hat'' of some kind (including a helmet) that fits under and touching the chin and keeps the hat from falling off as a result of wind or motion. It may be of one piece with an adjustable length, or of two pieces that are tied together under the chin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chin strap' in Wordnet: 1. chin strap - (a strap attached to a hat; passes under the chin and holds the hat in place)`
Super-classes	Strap^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value Hat^c

China-Dinnerware^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#China-Dinnerware

Description

A piece of china used for serving dinner, which may be of a high-quality ceramic, not necessarily fine china.

        Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'china' in WordNet:
          4. chinaware, china - (dishware made of high quality porcelain)

Super-classes NonPoweredDevice^c
FoodVessel^c
CeramicArtifact^c

Chinchilla^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chinchilla`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chinchilla' in WordNet: 3. chinchilla, Chinchilla laniger - (small rodent with soft pearly grey fur; native to the Andes but bred in captivity for fur)`
Super-classes	Rodent^c

ChineseCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChineseCharacter`
Description	A ''ChineseCharacter'' is an ''Ideogram'' (a ''WritingSymbol'') that typcally represents a whole idea, not a sound. This includes the characters used in Japan (called 'kanji') that are derived from Chinese characters, but may have somewhat different shape, and often have different pronunciation. The different variants of the Chines language may also use the same symbols but may pronounce them somewhat differently.
Super-classes	Pictograph^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WritingInHieroglyphs^c

ChineseCuisine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChineseCuisine`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of what Americans think of as Chinese food
Super-classes	EthnicFood^c Cuisine^c
Sub-classes	DimSum^c

ChineseTraditionalReligion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChineseTraditionalReligion`
Description	(ISO18025) Any traditional Chinese religion, including local deities, Taoism, ancestor veneration, Confucian ethics, Chinese universism, divination and magic..
Super-classes	Religion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confucianism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taoism

Chip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chip`
Description	A ''Chip'' is a small ''Fragment'' of a solid object created by any of various types of Event that cause a small piece of something to break off from the whole: cutting actions like: flaking, chipping, ''CarvingSomething'', chiseling) or breaking actions like being blown apart in an explosion or tornado, or impacting actions such as those that produce chips from a piece of ceramic. or a ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces''. This type includes all kinds of chips including flakes (but not ''Snowflake''s). `This is the type for 'flint flakes' created for use as arrowheads by primitive peoples. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chip' in WordNet: 1. (1) bit, chip, flake, fleck, scrap - (a small fragment of something broken off from the whole; 'a bit of rock caught him in the eye')`
Super-classes	Fragment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Sub-classes	Sliver^c

Chip-Snack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chip-Snack`
Description	Single crispy chips of potato or similar food. For a 'potato chip' use the subtype ''PotatoChip''. `(this can include chips made of food other than potatoes): Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'chip' in WordNet: 4. chip, crisp, potato chip, Saratoga chip - (a thin crisp slice of potato fried in deep fat)`
Super-classes	SnackFood^c Food-ReadyToEat^c
Sub-classes	PotatoChip^c

ChipMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChipMark`
Description	A ''ChipMark'' is a noticeable (>0.1 mm wide) gap or indentation where a small piece (''Chip'') has been broken off that mars (blemishes) an otherwise locally smooth or flat surface on a solid object, mostly seen on artifacts made of wood or ceramic. This is an Object including the part surrounding the gap. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chip' in WordNet: 5. check, chip - (a mark left after a small piece has been chopped or broken off of something)`
Super-classes	Blemish^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0,01^c

ChippingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChippingEvent`
Description	A ''ChippingEvent'' is an Event in which a SolidObject has a piece (a ''Chip'') break off by some Event of Cutting, Cracking, or Breaking, and includes 'flaking' as a subtype. `Includes verb senses 1 and 5 (intransitive and transitive) of 'chip' in WordNet: 1. (1) chip, chip off, come off, break away, break off - (break off (a piece from a whole); 'Her tooth chipped') 5. chip, knap, cut off, break off - (break a small piece off from; 'chip the glass'; 'chip a tooth')`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some BrittleObject^c hasResult^op value Chip^c

Chiropractic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chiropractic`
Description	A the execution of 'chiropractic medicine', a branch of ''AlternativeMedicine'' that focuses on health benefits of manipulating the spine. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chiropractic' in WordNet: 1. chiropractic - (a method of treatment that manipulates body structures (especially the spine) to relieve low back pain or even headache or high blood pressure)`
Super-classes	ProfessionalServicing^c TherapeuticProcess^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Chiropractor^c

Chiropractor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chiropractor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chiropractor' in WordNet: 1. (2) chiropractor - (a therapist who practices chiropractic)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value SpinalColumn^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Chiropractic^c

Chirping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chirping`
Description	NOTE: this is a repeated chirping sound made by some birds (usually small birds). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chirp' in WordNet: 1. (1) peep, twirp, cheep, chirp, chirrup - (make high-pitched sounds; of birds)`
Super-classes	ReiterativeActionSeries^c MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Bird^c usedBodyPart^op value BirdBill^c alwaysCauses^op value Tweet^c
Sub-classes	Twittering^c

Chisel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chisel`
Description	CYC: The collection of all chisels, #$HandTools used to carve #$Wood or #$StoneStuff. `need Action 'chiseling' as st of ''CarvingSomething'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chisel' in WordNet: 1. (4) chisel - (an edge tool with a flat steel blade with a cutting edge)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c EdgeTool^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CarvingSomething^c

ChiselingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChiselingAnObject`
Description	The parent ''CarvingSomething'' includes both 'cutting' and 'shaping' actions. This is done with a ''Chisel'' device. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'chisel' in WordNet: 3. chisel - (carve with a chisel; 'chisel the marble')`
Super-classes	CarvingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Cuttings^c usesDeviceType^op value Chisel^c

ChitChat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChitChat`
Description	A ''ChitChat'' is a ''Chat''(an informal ''Conversation'') among a small number of people. This can be used for conversations that occur in social gatherings. The subtype ''Chattering'' can be used for light conversation in relaxed setting other than parties and social gatherings. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chitchat' in WordNet: 1. chitchat, small talk, gab, gabfest, gossip, tittle-tattle, chin-wag, chin-wagging, causerie - (light informal conversation for social occasions)`
Super-classes	Chat^c
Sub-classes	Chattering^c

Chitin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chitin

Description

$Chitin is a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide,

        related chemically  to cellulose, that forms a
        semitransparent horny substance and is   a principal
        constituent of the exoskeleton or outer covering of insects,
        crustaceans and arachnids.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chitin' in WordNet:
          1. chitin - (a tough semitransparent horny substance; 
            the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods 
            and the cell walls of certain fungi)

Super-classes Polysaccharide^c

Chives^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chives`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chives' in WordNet: 2. chives - (cylindrical leaves used fresh as a mild onion-flavored seasoning)`
Super-classes	HerbSeasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value ChivesPlant^c

ChivesPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChivesPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chives' in WordNet: 1. chives, chive, cive, schnittlaugh, Allium schoenoprasum - (perennial having hollow cylindrical leaves used for seasoning)`
Super-classes	AlliaceousPlant^c

Chloride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chloride`
Description	An inorganic salt that has chloride ions as the anions. This is not the anion itself (rename?) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chloride' in Wordnet: 2. (1) chloride - (any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing ''ChlorideIon'' as a contained substance (having ionized chloride atoms))`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value ChlorideIon^c
Sub-classes	SodiumChloride^c

ChlorideIon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChlorideIon`
Description	An ionic substance each unit object of which is one atom of chlorine, having one negative charge.
Super-classes	Anion^c

Chlorine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chlorine

Description

''Chlorine'' is the element having atomic number 17.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chlorine' in WordNet:
        1. (33) chlorine, Cl, atomic number 17 - (a common nonmetallic element belonging 
          to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; 
          used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant;
          occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water))

Super-classes Halogen^c

Chlorite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chlorite`
Description	NOTE: this is not the chlorite ion (ClO2-). That is not yet represented in COSMO. `Wiki: "Chlorite" is the name of a group of common sheet silicate minerals that form during the early stages of metamorphism. Most chlorite minerals are green in color, have a foliated appearance, perfect cleavage, and an oily to soapy feel. They are found in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chlorite' in WordNet: 1. chlorite - (a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Silicon^c

Chlorofluorocarbon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chlorofluorocarbon`
Description	A specialization of #$OrganicCompound. Each instance of #$Chlorofluorocarbon is a sample of a compound comprised of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, such as #$Freon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chlorofluorocarbon' in WordNet: 1. chlorofluorocarbon, CFC - (a fluorocarbon with chlorine; formerly used as a refrigerant and as a propellant in aerosol cans; 'the chlorine in CFCs causes depletion of atmospheric ozone')`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Freon^c

Chloroform^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chloroform

Description

Chloroform is liquid at room temperature, but volatile. (BP = 61.15 degC; 142.07 degF; 334.30 K)

      A ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' having one hydrogen atom and three chlorine
         atoms each directly bonded to the same carbon.


       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chloroform' in Wordnet:
         1. chloroform, trichloromethane - (a volatile liquid haloform (CHCl3);
         formerly used as an anesthetic; 'chloroform was the first inhalation anesthetic')

Super-classes CarbonHalide^c
CarbonCompound^c
Anesthetic^c
DrugProduct^c

Chlorophyll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chlorophyll`
Description	CYC: A piece of chlorophyll - a piece of substance made of chlorophyll molecules which exists within a plant. NOTE: in COSMO a substance is not a 'piece' of that substance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chlorophyll' in WordNet: 1. chlorophyll, chlorophyl - (any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms; there are four naturally occurring forms)`
Super-classes	BiochemicalCompound^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Plant^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Photosynthesis^c

Chock^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chock

Description

A hand-sized ''Block'' designed to be placed on the ground against one of the wheels of a heavy wheeled object to prevent it from rolling out of place. Sometimes it has a trapezoidal shape.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chock' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) chock, wedge - (a block of wood used to prevent the sliding                  
             or rolling of a heavy object)

Super-classes Block^c

ChockFull^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChockFull

Description

''ChockFull'' is an intensive variant of ''Full'' indicating an unusually full state, perhaps surprisingly so.

      ?same as ''Crammed'?

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chock full' in Wordnet:
          1. chockablock, chock-full, chockful, choke-full, chuck-full, cram full -
            (packed full to capacity; 'chowder chockablock with pieces of fish')

Super-classes Full^c

Chocolate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chocolate`
Description	An edible dark brown solid substance created by processing of seeds of the cacao plant. It is often sweetened and may be mixed with other substances such as vanilla. This is the substance. A PieceOfChocolate (often with other food materials as filling) would be the object called 'a chocolate'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chocolate' in WordNet: 2. chocolate - (a food made from roasted ground cacao beans)`
Super-classes	PleasantThing^c DessertSubstance^c SolidFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CocoaBean^c

ChocolateBar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChocolateBar`
Description	This is a ''Candybar'' consisting of some form of chocolate (including imitation). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candy bar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) candy bar - (a candy shaped as a bar)`
Super-classes	CandyBar^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Chocolate^c

ChocolateBonBon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChocolateBonBon`
Description	A small solid DessertFood consisting of Chocolate, with or without some filling material such as cream or nuts, (as in 'a box of chocolates'). For pieces of chocolate with no significant filling, (chocolate bars and pieces of bars) use 'PieceOfChocolate'. @ToDo: As of r807, no specific type for filled chocolates is represented in COSMO. `Includes sense 1 of 'bonbon' in WordNet: 1. bonbon - (a candy that usually has a center of fondant or fruit or nuts coated in chocolate)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Chocolate^c
Sub-classes	PieceOfChocolate^c

ChocolateCake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChocolateCake`
Description	A Cake whose dominant taste is that of chocolate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chocolate cake' in WordNet: 1. chocolate cake - (cake containing chocolate)`
Super-classes	Cake^c
Sub-classes	BlackForestCake^c

Choice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choice`
Description	A thing (object, Action) chosen as the result of a Choosing event. For the choosing event use 'Choosing'. 'Choice' is a Role that something acquires as the result of a 'Choosing', and that Role is meaningful only with respect to the Agent who did the Choosing. One person's choice may not be anyone else's choice. Almost every intentional Action is in reality a Choice, but Actions do not have to be represented as instances of Choice unless the Choosing is a significant part of the meaning of the Action. `This corresponds to sense 3 of 'choice' in Random House Webster: RHW: 3. the person or thing chosen or eligible to be chosen: This book is my choice. He is one of many choices for the award. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'choice' in WordNet: 1. (14) choice, pick, selection - (the person or thing chosen or selected; 'he was my pick for mayor')`
Super-classes	Selection^c
Restrictions	wasSelectedInEvent^op some Choosing^c
Sub-classes	DrawnThing^c ChosenObject^c Electee^c CorrectChoice^c ChosenAction^c RandomChoice^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WilliamJeffersonClinton

Choices^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choices`
Description	''Choices'' is an ''EquivalenceGroup'' of all of the ''Alterntivething''s that might be chosen in a ''Choosing'' action..
Super-classes	EquivalenceGroup^c
Restrictions	withRespectTo^op value Choosing^c hasComponentElement^op only EquivalentThing^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PresidentialCandidatesFor1992

Choir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choir`
Description	A ''Choir''is a ''Chorus'' that is organized to sing primarily at a 'ReligiousCeremony'' and mostly sings religious music, but may sing elewhere for practice or exhibition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'choir' in WordNet: 1. (2) choir - (a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony)`
Super-classes	Chorus^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ChoirSinging^c

ChoirSinging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChoirSinging`
Description	''ChoirSinging'' is a ''SingingTogether'' performed by a ''Choir'' typically (not necessarily always) at a ''ReligiousCeremony''
Super-classes	SingingTogether^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Choir^c typicallyOccursAt^op value ReligiousCeremony^c

ChokerCollar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChokerCollar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'choker' in WordNet: 4. choker, ruff, ruffle, neck ruff - (a high tight collar)`
Super-classes	CollarOfGarment^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Garment^c

ChokerNecklace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChokerNecklace`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'choker' in WordNet: 3. choker, collar, dog collar, neckband - (necklace that fits tightly around a woman's neck)`
Super-classes	Necklace^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tight^c

Choking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choking`
Description	''Choking'' is a type of ''breathing'' that occurs with great difficulty, and, if continued, could lead to ''Suffocation'' and Death.. This is the intransitive sense, and is not being killed by another person. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'choke' in WordNet: 5. (1) gag, choke, strangle, suffocate - (struggle for breath; have insufficient oxygen intake; 'he swallowed a fishbone and gagged')`
Super-classes	LifeThreateningCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Frightening^c hinders^op value Breathing^c mayCause^op value Asphyxiation^c

Cholera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cholera`
Description	by Vibrio cholerae Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cholera' in WordNet: 1. cholera, Asiatic cholera, Indian cholera, epidemic cholera - (an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food)
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c

Cholesterol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cholesterol`
Description	''Cholesterol'' is a 'Steroid' in Cyc and SUMO: This is the class of biogenic steroids that are hormones. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cholesterol' in WordNet: 1. (4) cholesterol, cholesterin - (an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues)`
Super-classes	Steroid^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Animal^c

CholesterolTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CholesterolTest`
Description	CYC: The collection of all blood tests that result in a measurement of the cholesterol level.
Super-classes	BloodTest^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMeasured^op value Cholesterol^c

Choline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choline`
Description	''Choline' is a 'vitamin-like' BiochemicalCompound referred to as a 'vitamin' in WN and CYC. `CYC: A member of the #$VitaminBComplex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'choline' in WordNet: 1. choline - (a B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat)`
Super-classes	Vitamin^c ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Neurotransmission^c

CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$ToxicSubstances that can react with #$Acetylcholinesterase in an animal's #$NervousSystem. In sufficient dosages, instance of this collection can induce #$AcetylcholinePoisoning.
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c ToxicSubstance^c OrganicCompound^c

Chomping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chomping`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chomp' in WordNet: 1. chomp, champ - (chew noisily; 'The boy chomped his sandwich') WN verb 'munch': 1. crunch, munch - (chew noisily; "The children crunched the celery sticks") WN noun 'chomp': 1. (1) bite, chomp - (the act of gripping or chewing off with the teeth and jaws)`
Super-classes	Chewing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c

Choosing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choosing`
Description	Called 'SelectingSomething' in Cyc. Each Choosing results in the identification of a 'Choice'. This is the most general sense, including choosing one of several possible objects to obtain or use ('Picking' or when the selected object is removed from a group,use subtype ''Culling'', ) and deciding to do one action rather than another ('Deciding') Cyc: A collection of events. Each instance of #$SelectingSomething is an event, perhaps an extended activity, during which something is selected. Selecting may be relatively simple or prolonged and complex; e.g., selecting an apple from a grocery store's produce counter, or choosing a general contractor to build a new courthouse. An instance of #$SelectingSomething may have sub-events (see the predicate #$subEvents) which are instances of #$Research or #$Evaluating, in which an agent gathers information about the options. The selecting ends with a choice being made. Includes all 3 verb senses of 'choose' and noun sense 3 of 'choice' and verb sense 1 of 'select' and verb sense 1 of 'pick' sense 1 of 'pick out' in WordNet: 1. (84) choose, take, select, pick out - (pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives; 'Take any one of these cards'; 'Choose a good husband for your daughter'; 'She selected a pair of shoes from among the dozen the salesgirl had shown her') 3. (11) choose - (see fit or proper to act in a certain way; decide to act in a certain way; 'She chose not to attend classes and now she failed the exam') WN noun 'choice': 2. (9) choice, selection, option, pick - (the act of choosing or selecting; 'your choice of colors was unfortunate'; 'you can take your pick') WN verb 'pick': 1. (14) pick - (select carefully from a group; 'She finally picked her successor'; 'He picked his way carefully')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c SelectingSomething^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op value Choice^c hasDirectObject^op value AlternativeThing^c
Sub-classes	SelectingAmong^c ForgoingSomething^c ChoosingAtRandom^c WiseChoosing^c Deciding-Collectively^c AdoptingaPractice^c Culling^c

ChoosingAtRandom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChoosingAtRandom`
Description	Each 'ChoosingAtRandom' is an Event of 'Choosing' among two or more alternatives that is performed so that the chooser does not know which of the alternatives will be her/his choice. This can be any of the subtypes drawing lots, flipping a coin, betting on a random game (e.g. in a casino) or any other random or quasi-random action performed so as to select something.
Super-classes	Choosing^c RandomEvent^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some RandomChoice^c
Sub-classes	DrawingLots^c Drawing-RandomSelection^c

Chop-MeatCut^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chop-MeatCut

Description

A 'chop' of meat. e.g. porkchop, lamb chop, mutton chop

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chop' in WordNet:
         2. chop - (a small cut of meat including part of a rib)

Super-classes CookedFoodObject^c
MeatObject^c
SliceOfSomething^c
ArtifactObject^c

ChopStick^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChopStick

Description

CYC: The collection of thin sticks used in pairs for eating, especially by Asians, or at least Asian food.

  NOTE: was traditionally of ''Wood'' but now also comes in Plastic, and
     for a fancy restaurant, may be ceramic.


       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chopstick' in WordNet:
         1. chopstick - (one of a pair of slender sticks used as oriental 
         tableware to eat food with)

Super-classes EatingUtensil^c

ChopSticks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChopSticks`
Description	A pair of ''ChopStick''s,used together in eating. See ''Chopstick'' for the singular. WN does not have the plural.
Super-classes	EatingUtensil^c Pair^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2

Chopped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chopped

Description

     NOTE: This refers to foodstuffs - object or substance.  The term 'sliced' is
        included in the WN synset, but that term usually refers to pieces of an object 
        that were cut across only once (represented by ''Sliced''), regardless 
        of the width of the original object, such as sliced meats or sliced bread.  
        This type refers to pieces of an object that have been cut into 
        a size no longer than one inch in any direction; for objects that were originally 
        less than one inch wide this can be acomplished by only one slice per resulting
        'chopped' piece; if wider originally each original slice would need
        to be cut at least once more.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chopped' in Wordnet:
          1. chopped, shredded, sliced - (prepared by cutting; 'sliced tomatoes'; 
            'sliced ham'; 'chopped clams'; 'chopped meat'; 'shredded cabbage')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ChoppingUpSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChoppingUpSomething`
Description	''ChoppingUpSomething'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' multiple times with a 'chopping' motion (swiftly hitting the thing directly with the shparp edge of the cutting instrument, rather than by a slicing or sawing motion). so that the object chopped is divided into multiple pieces. The chopping may be done with an axe or a cleaver (for meat) or with a specialized kitchen device with multiple blades. `CYC: 'ChoppingSomething': The process of cutting something with a chopping tool, using a chopping motion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chop' in WordNet: 1. (2) chop, chop up - (cut into pieces; 'Chop wood'; 'chop meat')`
Super-classes	CuttingInPieces^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	MincingSomething^c BlendingInaBlender^c

Choral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choral`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'choral' in Wordnet: 1. choral - (related to or written for or performed by a chorus or choir; 'choral composition'; 'choral ensemble')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ChordataPhylum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChordataPhylum`
Description	An instance of #$BiologicalPhylum within the #$BiologicalKingdom #$Animal, the #$ChordataPhylum contains the many chordate taxa. All chordate taxa have members who have a notochord (a flexible rod running the length of the body) at some stage of development and pharyngeal gills at some stage of development. The #$ChordataPhylum has as #$taxonMembers all the specializations of #$Vertebrate (including #$Person), as well as some non-vertebrate chordates like Amphioxus.
Super-classes	Coelomate^c
Sub-classes	Vertebrate^c

ChoreographedDancing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChoreographedDancing`
Description	''ChoreographedDancing'' is a form of dancing that is designed to be performed on a 'stage' which need not be a raised platform, but could be a part of a viewing area level with the ground. `NOTE:this is the Action of performing a choreographed dance. The specification for such as dance is represented by ''ChoreographySpecification''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'choreography' in WordNet: 1. (2) stage dancing, choreography - (a show involving artistic dancing)`
Super-classes	Dancing^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value Theater^c isAnExecutionOf^op value ChoreographySpecification^c
Sub-classes	CakewalkDancing^c Ballet^c Hula^c

Choreographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choreographer`
Description	A ''Choreographer'' is the Person who creates a ''DanceSpecification''. This includes social dancing and stage dance performances. The two can be distinguished when needed. `(compose a sequence of dance steps, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'choreographer' in WordNet: 1. choreographer - (someone who creates new dances)`
Super-classes	Creator^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isTheCreatorOf^op value DanceSpecification^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Choreographing^c

Choreographing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Choreographing`
Description	A ''Choreographing'' is the ''Creation'' of a ''DanceSpecification'' (a sequence of dance steps). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'choreograph' in Wordnet: 1. (5) choreograph - (compose a sequence of dance steps, often to music; 'Balanchine choreographed many pieces to Stravinsky's music')`
Super-classes	Creation^c
Restrictions	isTheCreatorOf^op value DanceSpecification^c

ChoreographySpecification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChoreographySpecification`
Description	A ''ChoreographySpecification'' is a ''DanceSpecification' for the type of ''Dancing'' that is performed in a stage for an audience. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'choreography' in WordNet: 2. choreography - (the representation of dancing by symbols as music is represented by notes)`
Super-classes	DanceSpecification^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value ChoreographedDancing^c

Chorus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chorus`
Description	A ''Chorus'' is any ''GroupOfPeople'' that is gathered and organized to sing together. - but is not a formal ''Organization''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chorus' in WordNet: 2. (1) chorus - (a group of people assembled to sing together)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c MusicGroup^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SingingTogether^c
Sub-classes	Choir^c

Chosen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chosen

Description

''Chosen'' is the attribute of something that is the object (patient) of a ''Choosing'' action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chosen' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) chosen - (preferred above all others; 
                'the chosen few'; 'her chosen abode')

Super-classes Selected^c

ChosenAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChosenAction`
Description	A 'ChosenAction' is an Action that was chosen as the result of a Deciding event. Most Actions are the result of some kind of deciding process, but this type is used where the Deciding among alternatives is explicitly part of the narrative, meaning that there was some interval of explicit consideration before the Choice was made. `This is part of sense 1 of 'choice' in Wordnet: 1. (14) choice, pick, selection - (the person or thing chosen or selected; 'he was my pick for mayor')`
Super-classes	Choice^c Action^c
Restrictions	wasSelectedInEvent^op some (Deciding^c or Deciding-Collectively^c)

ChosenObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChosenObject`
Description	A 'ChosenObject' is a PhysicalObject that was chosen as the result of a Picking event. `This is part of sense 1 of 'choice' and sense 1 of 'pick' and sense 3 of 'selection' in Wordnet: 1. (14) choice, pick, selection - (the person or thing chosen or selected; 'he was my pick for mayor')`
Super-classes	Choice^c Selection^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	wasSelectedInEvent^op some Picking^c

Chowder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chowder`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of chowder. Chowders are thick soups featuring shellfish or fish, containing potatoes, often containing milk or cream. Chowder as a kind of soup originated in New England. `This type of ''Chowder'' requires Seafood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chowder' in WordNet: 1. chowder - (a thick soup or stew made with milk and bacon and onions and potatoes)`
Super-classes	Soup^c Mixture^c CookedFood^c
Restrictions	hasSalientSubstance^op value SolidFood^c hasSalientSubstance^op value Seafood^c

Christian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christian`
Description	''Christian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Christianity'' and its practitioners. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Christian' in WordNet: 1. (36) Christian - (relating to or characteristic of Christianity; "Christian rites") 2. (1) christian - (following the teachings or manifesting the qualities or spirit of Jesus Christ)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Evangelical^c

ChristianGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristianGroup`
Description	A ReligiousGroup who identify themselves as 'Christians' and consider Jesus Christ as the founder of their religion..
Super-classes	HomogeneousGroup^c ReligiousGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ChristianPerson^c
Sub-classes	Church^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christians

ChristianHoliday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristianHoliday`
Description	CYC: The subset of #$ReligiousHolidays specified as part of the religion #$Christianity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Christian holy day' in WordNet: 1. Christian holy day - (a religious holiday for Christians)`
Super-classes	ReligiousHoliday^c
Sub-classes	AshWednesday^c EasterHoliday^c ChristmasHoliday^c

ChristianOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristianOrganization`
Description	A ReligiousOrganization whose members profess a belief in Jesus Christ as the guiding founder of their religion. The beliefs about the nature and role of Christ may vary considerably anong those thiking of themselves as 'Christians'.
Super-classes	IdeologicalOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasAssociatedGroupType^op value ChristianGroup^c

ChristianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristianPerson`
Description	A 'ChristianPerson' is a Christian, i.e. one who believes or professes to believe "Christianity", a ''"PhilosophicalSchool"'' originating with Jesus Christ.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Christian' in WordNet: 1. (10) Christian - (a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination)`
Super-classes	Adherent^c Role^c
Restrictions	believes^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christianity^c isaMemberOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christians^c
Sub-classes	ApostleOfChrist^c Evangelist^c ProtestantPerson^c EvangelicalPerson^c

ChristmasDecoration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristmasDecoration`
Description	A ''ChristmasDecoration'' is a ''Decoration'' object characteristically used as part of the celebration of the Christian Christmas season (''CelebratingChristmas'').
Super-classes	Decoration^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CelebratingChristmas^c
Sub-classes	ChristmasMistletoe^c

ChristmasHoliday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristmasHoliday`
Description	Same as ;Christmas' and 'Christmas Day'. `CYC: Each of these is a #$ChristianHoliday which commemorates the birth of Christ, but which is also widely observed as a secular winter #$Holiday in countries with significant Christian segments of their population. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Christmas' in Wordnet: 2. (2) Christmas, Christmas Day, Xmas, Dec 25 - (a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ; a quarter day in England, Wales, and Ireland)`
Super-classes	HolidayDay^c ChristianHoliday^c FixedHoliday^c
Restrictions	isCelebratedOn^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#December25th^c
Sub-classes	WhiteChristmas^c

ChristmasMistletoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristmasMistletoe`
Description	A ''ChristmasMistletoe'' is a ''ChristmasDecoration'' that is a piece of a ''Mistletoe'' hung on some location where people may pass under it.
Super-classes	ChristmasDecoration^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Mistletoe^c

ChristmasSeason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristmasSeason`
Description	The ''ChristmasSeason'' is the period from a few weeks before the ''ChristmasHoliday'' (Deceber 25th) to a week or so afterward, when people celebrate tht ''ChristmasHoliday'' whether they are religious or not, and whether they are Christian or not.
Super-classes	SeasonOfYear^c

ChristmasTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristmasTree`
Description	A ''ChristmasTree'' is an ornament that has most parts of some evergreen (''ConiferousTree'') tree, having the roots removed and then located to decorate some place, usually an indoor location. Sometimes the top is also removed to fit it into a room. There are several types of trees that serve as decorative Yule trees, but this type is only for trees derived from conifers, no longer growing, and not artificial; a traditional 'Christmas tree'. It is artifactual, having been removed from its original location and processed. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'Christmas tree' in Wordnet: 5. Christmas tree - (an ornamented evergreen used as a Christmas decoration)`
Super-classes	Decoration^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value ConiferousTree^c

ChromaticColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChromaticColor`
Description	A ''ChromaticColor'' is a ''Color'' that is not white, black, or gray. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chromatic color' in WordNet: 1. chromatic color, chromatic colour, spectral color, spectral colour - (a color that has hue)`
Super-classes	Color^c
Sub-classes	PastelColor^c AmberColor^c ReddishColor^c

Chrome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chrome

Description

         'chrome'  is used to refer to Chromium in various ways, as in 
         'chrome steel' 'chrome plated' or 'chrome red'. This overlaps with
         WN noun sense 1 of 'chrome' when used in such combinations, where the term
         chrome' might be interpreted as a noun or adjective.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Chromium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chromium

Description

A metallic element, used in StainlessSteel alloys to make steel corrosion resistent. Each atom has 24 protons in the nucleus.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chromium' in WordNet:
           1. (4) chromium, Cr, atomic number 24 - (a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; 
             resistant to corrosion and tarnishing)
        WN noun 'chrome':
           1. (3) chrome - (another word for chromium when it is used in dyes or pigments)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Chromosome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chromosome`
Description	CYC: A collection of the microscopic bodies formed by the incorporation of chromatins in the cell nucleus during mitosis or meiosis. They carry the #$Gene-HereditaryUnits that convey hereditary characteristics, and are constant in number for each species. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chromosome' in WordNet: 1. chromosome - (a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order)`
Super-classes	NuclearBody^c Organelle^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Protein^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value DNA^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Gene^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value EukaryoticCell^c

Chronic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chronic

Description

''Chronic'' means 'long-lasting' as applied to something unpleasant, such as an illness or a pain.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chronic' in WordNet:
        1. (9) chronic - (being long-lasting and recurrent or
           characterized by long suffering; 'chronic indigestion'; 
           'a chronic shortage of funds'; 'a chronic invalid')

Super-classes LongLasting^c

ChronicCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChronicCondition`
Description	CYC: A collection of ailments. An instance of #$ChronicCondition is an ailment that lingers or recurs in an organism throughout its life. In some cases, the symptoms of a chronic condition may abate with treatment. The condition may never go away completely. #$Asthma is an example of a subcollection of #$ChronicCondition.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Chronic^c
Sub-classes	Pneumoconiosis^c Dementia^c ChronicPain^c GeneticCondition^c Arthritis^c Lupus^c Tuberculosis^c Hypertension^c Epilepsy^c Syphilis^c Asthma^c Autism^c

ChronicPain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChronicPain

Description

Pain that lasts for more than a few days, due to a condition that does not go away spontaneously and rapidly.

    Corresponds to a subtype of sense 1 of 'pain' in Wordnet:
      1. (32) pain, hurting - (a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder;
        'the patient developed severe pain and distension')

Super-classes PainOrAche^c
ChronicCondition^c

Chronically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chronically

Description

''Chronically'' is an adverb modifying actions performed often,or attributes that are long-lasting, though they. could be of short duration.

       Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'chronically' in WordNet:
         1. chronically, inveterately - (in a habitual and longstanding manner;
             'smoking chronically')
         2. chronically - (in a slowly developing and long lasting manner;
              'chronically ill persons')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

ChronologicalSequence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChronologicalSequence`
Description	A ''ChronologicalSequence'' is an ''EventGroup'' that is a subtype of ''Sequence'' in which the individual component members are Events that are ''ChronologicallyOrdered''. There is an ''InitialEvent'' in each ''ChronologicalSequence'' and one or more ''SucceedingEvent''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succession' in WordNet: 1. (3) sequence, chronological sequence, succession, successiveness, chronological succession - (a following of one thing after another in time; "the doctor saw a sequence of patients")`
Super-classes	Sequence^c EventSeries^c EventGroup^c OrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasOrderingRelation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChronologicallyOrdered^c hasComponentElement^op value InitialEvent^c hasComponentElement^op value SucceedingEvent^c

Chronology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chronology`
Description	A ''Chronology'' is a ''PhysicalEventRecord'' containing a description of a series of Events, often but not necessarily related, presented in the chronological order in which they occurred, and the time at which they occurred. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chronology' in WordNet: 2. chronology - (a record of events in the order of their occurrence)`
Super-classes	PhysicalEventRecord^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value ChronologicalSequence^c

Chrysalis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chrysalis

Description

NOTE: CYC has this as a ''Container'' and ''Secretion'', suggesting that they consider a 'chrysalis' to be the cocoon around the developing insect. But WN and RHW indicate it is the whole object, covering and living insect inside. Apparently, both meanings are used, as mentioned in the 'Wiktionary'.

       This COSMO type represents the whole object, RHW and WN interpretation.             
      RHW: the hard-shelled pupa of a moth or butterfly; an obtect pupa.
       .        
         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chrysalis' in WordNet:
           1. chrysalis - (pupa of a moth or butterfly enclosed in a cocoon)

Super-classes Pupa^c

Chrysanthemum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chrysanthemum`
Description	A ''Chrysanthemum'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''ChrysanthemumPlant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chrysanthemum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chrysanthemum - (the flower of a chrysanthemum plant)`
Super-classes	CutFlower^c
Restrictions	isTheFlowerOfa^op value ChrysanthemumPlant^c

ChrysanthemumPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChrysanthemumPlant`
Description	A ''ChrysanthemumPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'chrysanthemum', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Chrysanthemum'' in COSMO. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chrysanthemum' in Wordnet: 2. chrysanthemum - (any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum, Argyranthemum, Dendranthema, Tanacetum; widely cultivated)`
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c
Sub-classes	FloristsChrysanthemum^c

ChryslerCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChryslerCar`
Description	Any ''Automobile'' made by the Chrysler Corporation (not yet represented).
Super-classes	Automobile^c

Chubby^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chubby

Description

'Chubby' is an AttributeValue that specifies that a Person is slightly but noticeably overweight.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chubby' in Wordnet:
         1. buxom, chubby, embonpoint, plump, zaftig, zoftig -
           (euphemisms for slightly fat; "a generation ago...buxom actresses
           were popular " - Robt.A.Hamilton; "chubby babies"; "pleasingly plump")

Super-classes Overweight^c

ChuckingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChuckingSomething`
Description	''ChuckingSomething'' is a ''Throwing'' Action that is performed casually and at a speed that is not rapid, and often performed 'underhand'. This type is not for a Throwing to another Person, and may not have a specific intended target. One can 'chuck' something into a trash bucket. `For a similar throwing to another Person, use ''Tossing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chuck' in WordNet: 1. (2) chuck, toss - (throw carelessly; 'chuck the ball')`
Super-classes	Throwing^c GameEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Casual^c

Chuckle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chuckle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chuckle' in WordNet: 1. (1) chortle, chuckle - (a soft partly suppressed laugh) WN verb 'chuckle': 1. (4) chuckle, chortle, laugh softly - (laugh quietly or with restraint)`
Super-classes	Laughter^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Cackle^c hadEmittedThing^op value Heh^c

Chug^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chug

Description

This is the kind of noise made by a ''SteamLocomotive'' - seldom heard these days.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chug' in WordNet:
          1. chug - (the dull explosive noise made by an engine)

Super-classes Noise^c

Chunky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chunky

Description

The attribute of something and having soft is represented by ''Lumpy''. This is used for semisolids having ''hard'' ''Lump''s.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chunky' in Wordnet:

Super-classes Lumpy^c

Church^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Church`
Description	Any ChristianGroup that refers to their group as a 'Church'. For the building sense of 'Church' see ''ChurchBuilding''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'church' in WordNet: 1. (60) church, Christian church - (one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship)`
Super-classes	ChristianGroup^c
Sub-classes	CatholicChurch^c

ChurchBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChurchBuilding`
Description	A religious building where Christian services and activities are held. Some of these are definitely ModernShelterConstructions, but some are not. `in WordNet: 2. (59) church, church building - (a place for public (especially Christian) worship; 'the church was empty')`
Super-classes	HouseOfPrayer^c SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Praying^c
Sub-classes	Abbey^c Cathedral^c ParishChurch^c Basilica^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TempleChurch

ChurchService^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChurchService

Description

A ceremony that is held in a Christian church.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious service' in WordNet:
        1. service, religious service, divine service - (the act of public worship 
           following prescribed rules; 'the Sunday service')

Super-classes Worshipping^c
ReligiousCeremony^c

Churning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Churning`
Description	A 'Churning' is an Action in which a quantity of cream is agitated by stirring, shaking, or otherwise moving an object (e.g. a paddle) through the cream so as to cause its coagulation into ''Butter''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'churn' in WordNet: 1. (1) churn - (stir (cream) vigorously in order to make butter)`
Super-classes	MotionInPlace^c ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Butter^c hadObjectMoved^op value Cream-Dairy^c

Cider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cider`
Description	NOTE: this is the fermented ''AppleCider''. `RHW 'cider': the juice pressed from apples (or formerly from some other fruit) used for drinking, either before fermentation (sweet cider) or after fermentation (hard cider), or for making applejack, vinegar, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cider' in WordNet: 1. cider, cyder - (a beverage made from juice pressed from apples) WN noun 'hard cider': 1. hard cider - (alcoholic drink from fermented cider; 'cider' and 'cyder' are European (especially British) usages for the fermented beverage)`
Super-classes	AlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value AppleCider^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fermented^c

Cigar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cigar`
Description	A small roll of tobacco leaf for smoking. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cigar' in Wordnet: 1. (7) cigar - (a roll of tobacco for smoking)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c RollOfStuff^c SmokingDevice^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Tobacco^c

Cigarette^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cigarette

Description

SUMO: A tube of thin paper containing finely ground tobacco that is smoked.

     A small, consumable smoking device.  The tobacco
        is rolled in paper and it usually has a filter on the end.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cigarette' in WordNet:
         1. (16) cigarette, cigaret, coffin nail, butt, fag - (finely ground 
           tobacco wrapped in paper; for smoking)

Super-classes SmokingDevice^c
Device-OneTimeUse^c

CigaretteLighter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CigaretteLighter`
Description	This sense of ''CigaretteLighter'' includes any small object that can be carried in the pocket and produce a small flame that can be used to ignite objects such as cigarettes or cigars or candles or paper objects. This does not include matches. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cigarette lighter' in WordNet: 1. cigar lighter, cigarette lighter, pocket lighter - (a lighter for cigars or cigarettes)`
Super-classes	Igniter^c CombustionDevice^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value CombustibleSubstance^c hasDesignFunction^op value SettingSomethingOnFire^c allowsOrAssists^op value SettingSomethingOnFire^c

Ciliate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ciliate`
Description	`organelle, cell organelle, cell organ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ciliate' in WordNet: 1. (1) ciliate, ciliated protozoan, ciliophoran - (a protozoan with a microscopic appendage extending from the surface of the cell)`
Super-classes	Protozoan^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Cilium^c
Sub-classes	Flagellate^c

Cilium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cilium`
Description	Occurs in protozoans and in some internal vessels of animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cilium' in WordNet: 1. (1) cilium - (a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell; provides locomotion in free-swimming unicellular organisms)`
Super-classes	Projection^c Organelle^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Cell^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Hair-Strand^c isAttachedTo^op value Cell^c
Sub-classes	Flagellum^c

Cinema^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cinema

Description

       RHW 'cinema': 2. the cinema, motion pictures collectively, as an art.

       NOTE: the physical 'film' or 'celluloid' on which a movie has been recorded is
         represented as ''MovieFilm'', using the same WN synset which does not
         maintain the distinction.

       Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'cinema' in WordNet:
         1. (1) film, cinema, celluloid - (a medium that disseminates moving pictures;
            'theater pieces transferred to celluloid'; 'this story would be good cinema'; 
            'film coverage of sporting events')

Super-classes MediumOfCommunication^c

Cinematic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cinematic

Description

Cinematic pertains to the art of 'The Film' - something appearing as though it occured in a Movie.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cinematic' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) cinematic - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the cinema)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Cinnabar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cinnabar

Description

A reddish ore consisting principally of mercury sulfide HgS, the principle ore from which Mercury is extracted. Also used as a pigment.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cinnabar' in WordNet:
          1. cinnabar - (a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; 
            the chief source of mercury)

Super-classes Mineral^c
Pigment^c
RedSubstance^c

Cinnamon-Spice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cinnamon-Spice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cinnamon' in WordNet: 3. cinnamon - (spice from the dried aromatic bark of the Ceylon cinnamon tree; used as rolled strips or ground)`
Super-classes	Spice^c

CinnamonTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CinnamonTree

Description

tree whose bark is the spice cinnamon. Laurel family.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cinnamon' in WordNet:
         2. cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon tree, Cinnamomum zeylanicum - 
             (tropical Asian tree with aromatic yellowish-brown bark; source of the spice cinnamon)

Super-classes LaurelOrder^c
Tree^c

Ciprofloxacin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ciprofloxacin

Description

COSMO note: Cipro is not a cephalosporin. Not sure what the Cyclist was thinking about this one. It's a member of the Quinolone family of compounds.

      A kind of #$Cephalosporin. It helps treat lower
        respiratory infections (including #$InhalationalAnthrax),
        skin and skin structure infections (including
        (#$CutaneousFormFn #$AnthraxInfection)), bone and joint
        infections, urinary tract infections and infectious diarrhea
        caused by E. coli bacteria.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ciprofloxacin' in Wordnet:
          1. ciprofloxacin, Cipro - (an oral antibiotic (trade name Cipro) used 
          against serious bacterial infections of the skin or respiratory tract 
          or urinary tract or bones or joints)

Super-classes Antibiotic^c
Quinolone^c

Circle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circle`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Ellipse. Each instance of #$Circle is a plane figure bounded by a closed curve, each point on which is equidistant from a single point (the center). Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the region bounded by the Arctic Circle, as well as abstract circles. Cf. #$Disc. `SUMO: The class of ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures such that all GeometricPoints that make up the Circle are equidistant from a single GeometricPoint, known as the center of the Circle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circle' in WordNet: 1. (15) circle - (ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point; 'he calculated the circumference of the circle')`
Super-classes	Ellipse^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Circular^c hasShape^op value RotationallySymmetric^c
Sub-classes	GreatCircle^c Dot^c Dot-Abstract^c

CircuitBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CircuitBoard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circuit board' in WordNet: 1. circuit board, circuit card, board, card, plug-in, add-in - (a printed circuit that can be inserted into expansion slots in a computer to increase the computer's capabilities)`
Super-classes	ComputerBoard^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value IntegratedCircuit^c

CircuitCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CircuitCurrent`
Description	A ''CircuitCurrent'' is an ''ElectricCurrent'' that is flowing within an ''ElectricCircuit'' in some ''ElectricalDevice''.
Super-classes	ElectricCurrent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value ElectricCircuit^c occursAt^op value ElectricalDevice^c

Circular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circular`
Description	The property of a two-dimensional object (including a cross-section of a three-dimensional object) whose shape approximates that of a Circle. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'circular' in Wordnet: 1. (7) round, circular - (having a circular shape)`
Super-classes	Round^c RotationallySymmetric^c
Sub-classes	DiskShaped^c

Circular-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circular-Physical`
Description	A ''Circular-Physical'' is an unbound ''Booklet'' advertising some product(s). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circular' in WordNet: 1. circular, handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway - (an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; "he mailed the circular to all subscribers")`
Super-classes	Booklet^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value AdvertisingCircular^c

CircularObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CircularObject`
Description	A SolidObject that is approximately circular: a Disk-shaped or toroidal object with a large hole in the middle, at least one-fourth the diameter. It does not have to be a RoundObject, as it may have sharp edges. For things like wheels that may be filled all the way to the center, use 'RadiallySymmetricObject'. `This is an approximate shape, and some deviation from true radial symmetry is allowed.`
Super-classes	GeometricallyDescribableThing^c ShapedThing^c RadiallySymmetricObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Circular^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Circle^c
Sub-classes	ShowerCurtainRing^c

Circulated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circulated`
Description	''Circulated'' is the attribute of an ''InformationObject'', that has been communicated in any form from one Agent to two or more other Agents. The Agents could be computers or automatons performing prespecified procedures.
Super-classes	Communicated^c

Circulatory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circulatory

Description

''Circulatory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'circulatory' in Wordnet:
        2. circulatory - (relating to circulatory system or to circulation of the blood)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CirculatorySystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CirculatorySystem`
Description	A specialization of both #$AnimalBodyPart and #$ConnectedPathSystem. Each instance of #$CirculatorySystem is a system of organs and body parts, found in #$Vertebrates and some other animals, which function together to circulate the animal's blood throughout its body, supplying needed substances to its cells and removing waste products from them. An instance of #$CirculatorySystem is typically composed of blood vessels, heart, spleen, etc., considered as an interrelated functional system of each animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circulatory system' in WordNet: 1. (1) circulatory system, cardiovascular system - (the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c SolidObject^c PipingSystem-Generic^c PathSystem^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value BloodVessel^c hasDesignFunction^op value BloodCirculation^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Blood^c

Circumcision^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circumcision

Description

    Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'circumcision' in WordNet; the religious
          rite(s) can be a subtype. in WordNet:
       2. circumcision - (the act of circumcising performed on males 
           eight days after birth as a Jewish and Muslim religious rite)
       3. circumcision - (the act of circumcising; surgical removal of the foreskin of males)

Super-classes RemovingPhysically^c
OptionalSurgery^c

Circumference^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circumference

Description

''Circumference'' a property assigned to an Object of two dimensions or the largest planar section of an Object having three dimensions, which have a well-defined border on all sides in the two or three dimensions in which it is defined.
This includes planar objects like a circle or triangle or area on the Earth's surface, as well as 3-D objects like a sphere or cube or a physical ''Ball'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circumference' in WordNet:
      1. (1) circumference, perimeter - (the size of something 
         as given by the distance around it)

Super-classes Size^c

Circumstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circumstance`
Description	A special or distinguished situation, real or hypothetical, that has significance to a person and may lead to some course of action. This is one sense of 'case' as: 'in that case, we should . . .'. 'under those circumstances . . . ' `This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circumstance' and sense 3 of 'case' in Wordnet: 3. (237) event, case - (a special set of circumstances; 'in that event, the first possibility is excluded'; 'it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled') WN noun 'cicrumstance': 1. (39) circumstance - (a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity)`
Super-classes	Case^c PersistentState^c Situation-Localized^c SystemCondition^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value PhysicalObject^c

Circumstantial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circumstantial`
Description	This ''Circumstantial'' as an attribute of assertions or obsrvations that depend on one or more individual ''Circumstance''s, in contrast to those that assert facts derived from analytical or controlled experimental studies. 'circumstantial evidence' `NOTE: this sense of 'circumstantial' is not represented in WordNet. RHDEL 'circumstantial': 1. of, pertaining to, or derived from circumstances; 'a circumstantial result'`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Anecdotal^c

Circus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Circus`
Description	A ''Circus'' is one or more performances of acts by a ''CircusTroupe''. Circuses vary in content, in some cases not having trained animals as part. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'circus' in WordNet: 2. (2) circus - (performance given by a traveling company of acrobats clowns and trained animals; 'the children always love to go to the circus')`
Super-classes	EntertainmentPerformance^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CircusTroupe^c

CircusTent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CircusTent`
Description	A ''CircusTent'' may have a circular cross-section but not necessarily - it can have two or more circular portions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circus tent' in WordNet: 1. circus tent, big top, round top, top - (a canvas tent to house the audience at a circus performance; 'he was afraid of a fire in the circus tent'; 'they had the big top up in less than an hour')`
Super-classes	CanvasTent^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Circus^c

CircusTroupe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CircusTroupe`
Description	A ''CircusTroupe'' includes as 'members' all the people and animals that perform for the audience. `CYC: 'Circus': An on-the-road organization of performers, including animals, lion tamers, tightrope walkers, trapeze artists, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circus' in WordNet: 1. (2) circus - (a travelling company of entertainers; including trained animals; "he ran away from home to join the circus")`
Super-classes	Troupe^c CommercialOrganization^c EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value Ringmaster^c performsAction^op value Circus^c

Cirque^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cirque

Description

A bowl-like hollow partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley.

        #ToDo: should add 'GeographicalBasin'

        'cwm' (pr. 'koom') is from the Welsh(!)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cirque' in WordNet:
          1. cirque, corrie, cwm - (a steep-walled semicircular basin 
             in a mountain; may contain a lake)

Super-classes Concavity^c
OutdoorObject^c
GeographicalDepresson^c
OutdoorGeographicalObject^c
Ground^c
CavityWithWalls^c

CirrusCloud^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CirrusCloud

Description

CYC: The collection of wispy high ice clouds that often preceed a warm front.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cirrus cloud' in WordNet:
          1. cirrus, cirrus cloud - (a wispy white cloud 
             (usually of fine ice crystals) at a high altitude (4 to 8 miles))

Super-classes Cloud^c
InanimateObject-Natural^c

Citation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Citation`
Description	A ''Citation'' is a ''Reference'' to all or part of a previously published ''ConceptualWork'', that includes the location where that ''ConceptualWork'' can be obtained. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citation' in WordNet: 3. citation, cite, acknowledgment, credit, reference, mention, quotation - (a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage; 'the student's essay failed to list several important citations'; 'the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book'; 'the article includes mention of similar clinical cases')`
Super-classes	Reference^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value ConceptualWorkAddress^c isTheProductOf^op value Citing^c refersToExternalEntity^op some ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	Quotation^c

Cities^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cities`
Description	`Any Group of ''City''s.`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only City^c

Citing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Citing`
Description	Each ''Citing'' is a ''Mentioning'' that refers to some prevously published (in any form) ''ConceptualWork''. . Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'cite' in WordNet: 3. (3) reference, cite - (refer to; 'he referenced his colleagues' work')
Super-classes	Mentioning^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Citation^c
Sub-classes	Quoting^c

Citizen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Citizen`
Description	Each Citizen is a Citizen of some Country. Not necessarily a 'Resident''?? e.g. dual citizenship. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citizen' in Wordnet: 1. (29) citizen - (a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community)`
Super-classes	NationalOfaCountry^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op some Country^c
Sub-classes	Patriot^c Exile^c

Citizenry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Citizenry`
Description	Each Citizenry is the GroupOfPeople consisting of all of the Citizens of some Country, State, or other Geopolitical Entity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citizenry' in Wordnet: 1. citizenry, people - (the body of citizens of a state or country; 'the Spanish people')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only NationalOfaCountry^c hasMember^op only Compatriot^c areCitizensOf^op some GeopoliticalEntity^c
In domain of	areCitizensOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CitizenryOfTheUSA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CitizenryOfTheNewOrleans

Citizenship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Citizenship`
Description	The PersistentState of ''Citizenship'' is 'being a Citizen' of some Country. The Country can be inferred from the relation ''isaCitizenOf''' for the ''Citizen'' Role referenced, One may create subtypes of Citizen to specify Citizenhip in a particular country. This is what is usually used in Visa documents. In CYC this type seems to be represented by 'Nationality', but that term is used to refer to country of origin in COSMO. CYC 'Nationality': A collection of collections. Each instance of #$Nationality is the collection of all people who are citizens of some country, or who are participants in its #$NationalCulture to some significant degree - or else are instances of #$StatelessPerson. Instances include #$UnitedStatesPerson, #$FrenchPerson, and #$AustralianCitizenOrSubject. See also the first-order collection #$PersonWithNationality. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citizenship' and sense 1 of 'nationality' in WordNet: 1. citizenship - (the status of a citizen with rights and duties) WN noun 'nationality': 1. nationality - (the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization)
Super-classes	Status^c BeingaMemberOfaGroup^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Citizen^c

CitrusFruit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CitrusFruit`
Description	CYC: The collection of individual citrus fruits. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citrus fruit' in WordNet: 1. citrus, citrus fruit, citrous fruit - (any of numerous fruits of the genus Citrus having thick rind and juicy pulp; grown in warm regions)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value FruitRind^c
Sub-classes	Lemon^c Grapefruit^c Orange^c

CitrusFruitTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CitrusFruitTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citrus tree' in WordNet: 1. citrus, citrus tree - (any of numerous tropical usually thorny evergreen trees of the genus Citrus having leathery evergreen leaves and widely cultivated for their juicy edible fruits having leathery aromatic rinds)`
Super-classes	FruitTree^c
Sub-classes	LimeTree^c OrangeTree^c LemonTree^c GrapefruitTree^c

City^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#City`
Description	COSMO: A GeopoliticalEntity which is usually called a 'city' or 'municipality'. This will be the most common referent for a city in relations in the ontology, unless the government or the area of the city is specifically intended as the referent. This GeopoliticalEntity may in fact be called a 'City', 'Borough', 'Township', 'Village' or some other name, but in general it will be the smallest GeopoliticalEntity with a separate government body, in that Country or State. NOTE that a City is not the land area (for which see 'CityRegion') nor solely the governement, but a composite entity: A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government, which is also an agent. NRe that the restriction requires representation of a CityRegion for each instance of City represented - so that the proper sense of locations will be represented. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'city' in WordNet: 2. (103) city - (an incorporated administrative district established by state charter; 'the city raised the tax rate')
Super-classes	Municipality^c
Restrictions	claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory^op only (CityRegion^c or CityArea^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Urban^c
Sub-classes	PortCity^c LargestCity^c CapitalCity^c USCity^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DearbornMichigan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoscowRussia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CambridgeMassachusetts http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paris_France http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vienna http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewOrleans http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityNY_USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BostonMassachusetts http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Samarkand http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venice http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rome_Italy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownCity http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuffaloNY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DallasTexas http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avenel_NewJersey_USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tokyo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agra

CityArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityArea`
Description	A ''GeographicalArea'' whose boundaries are the same as those of the corresponding 'CityRegion''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city' in WordNet: 1. (320) city, metropolis, urban center - (a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; 'Ancient Troy was a great city')`
Super-classes	CityObject^c UrbanArea^c HumanResidenceArea^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some (CityRegion^c or City^c)
Sub-classes	Waterfront^c Uptown^c Downtown^c CityBlock^c Midtown^c Slum^c CityQuarter^c CityCenter^c UptownAndDowntown^c Ghetto^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ginza http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashingtonDCArea

CityBlock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityBlock`
Description	CYC: A collection of urban regions. Instances of #$CityBlock are usually roughly rectangular regions within cities or towns that are bounded by four streets running approximately at right angles to each other, and such that they do not spatially subsume any other such regions. City blocks are often divided into one or more instances of #$LotOfLand, on which typically stand houses or other buildings. This is a portion of a named 'city' and is therefore a subtype of ''CityArea'' rather than UrbanArea. NOTE that it is allowed that a CityBlock either include or exclude the sidewalks; therefore it may be adjacent to a 'Street' (including sidewalks) or 'Street-RoadwayOnly' (excluding sidewalks). NOTE: This is a PhysicalObject. A block can be empty of structures, so there is no necessary connection. A CityBlock may have some thoroughfares in it - access roads, driveways, so it is not necessarily devoid of roadways. The usage will be conventional, that is, anything usually thought of or referred to in the same sense as a well-demarcated city block can be represented as an instance of CityBlock, even if it is not neatly adjoined by urban streets on every side. SUMO: A square-shaped area surrounded by Roadways which is part of a City and typically contains Buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'block' in WordNet: 2. (6) block, city block - (a rectangular area in a city surrounded by streets and usually containing several buildings; 'he lives in the next block')
Super-classes	CityArea^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some (Street-RoadwayOnly^c or Street^c)
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldTradeCenterBlockNY

CityCenter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityCenter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city center' in WordNet: 1. city center, city centre, central city - (the central part of a city)`
Super-classes	MiddleOfAnObject^c CityArea^c
Sub-classes	InnerCity^c

CityDistrict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityDistrict`
Description	An ''AdministrativeDistrict'' that is part of a City, not necessarily corresponding to official political district lines. `See also 'Neighborhood', which seems to overlap, but the distinctions have not yet (rev1103) been detailed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city district' in WordNet: 1. city district - (a district of a town or city)`
Super-classes	AdministrativeDistrict^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op some Municipality^c
Sub-classes	Precinct^c

CityGovernment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityGovernment

Description

CityGovernment is the Organization that is the government of a City and has jurisdiction over the CityRegion. From Cyc: #$City is a specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity and #$UrbanArea. Each instance of #$City is a local human settlement which has its own government. This includes cities, towns, suburbs, villages, hamlets, and townships, as long as they have their own governments. A city government is usually mostly autonomous from the governments of its surrounding regions, rather than being a sub-organization of them.

  Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'muncipal government' in WordNet:
     1. municipal government - (the government of a municipality)

Super-classes LocalOrganization^c
Government^c

CityObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityObject`
Description	A ''CityObject'' is the Group of all PhysicalObjects (including the ''CityArea'' occupying the whole of the CityRegion) within a ''CityRegion''. This differs from ''CityRegion'' to make the distinctions clear between a geopolitical agent, the spatial region controlled by that agent, and the physical objects in that spatial region. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city' in WordNet: 1. (320) city, metropolis, urban center - (a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; 'Ancient Troy was a great city')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op value CityRegion^c
Sub-classes	CityArea^c Suburb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewOrleansObject

CityOfficial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityOfficial`
Description	Any ''PublicOfficial'' serving in a paid position in any ''City''.
Super-classes	PublicOfficial^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value City^c
Sub-classes	Mayor^c

CityPark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityPark`
Description	Called 'Park-City' in Cyc. This is for City-owned parks. A private 'park' would not be in this category. This type of 'Park' should have some greenery, not necesarily the majority of the space (e.g. Washington Square Park in NYC). `Cyc: Parks managed by the city government of the city in which they are located. Includes noun sense 2 of 'park' in WordNet, but also included parks that are heavily wooded: in WordNet: 2. (5) park, commons, common, green - (a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area; 'they went for a walk in the park')`
Super-classes	Park^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some City^c isLocatedAt^op some City^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Urban^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BostonCommon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CentralParkNYC

CityQuarter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityQuarter

Description

Instances of 'Quarter' are one of the CityAreas that have some distinctive character. Not every such district is called a 'quarter', and being an instance of this type depends more on community terminology than any definable characteristic. 'the Latin Quarter of new orleans'

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quarter' in WordNet:
          2. (4) quarter - (a district of a city having some distinguishing 
          character; 'the Latin Quarter')

Super-classes CityArea^c

CityRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityRegion`
Description	The spatial region of the Earth's surface encompassed by the borderlines of a City. `COSMO Note: in SUMO named 'City'. Here we make it unambigous that it is the spatial region containing the physical part of the Earth that is represented, not the physical objects in the region, nor the governmental organization that controls the region.. The physical objects in that region are represented separately, and are located at the geopolitical area` SUMO: A LandArea of relatively small size, inhabited by a community of people, and having some sort of political structure. Note that this class includes both large cities and small settlements like towns, villages, hamlets, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city' in WordNet: 1. (320) city, metropolis, urban center - (a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; 'Ancient Troy was a great city')
Super-classes	GeopoliticalRegion^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op some (GenericLocation^c or CountryRegion^c or Object^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	PrecinctRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HueArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DearbornArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgraArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoscowArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BelgradeArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomeRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AvenelArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TokyoArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LondonArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuffaloCityRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DallasArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownCityRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViennaArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeniceArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlasgowArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParisRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BostonArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SamarkandArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DublinIreland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewOrleansArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CardiffArea

CityStateString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CityStateString`
Description	A CityStateString is an AbstractString that represents a 'Municipality'. The string may have, in addition to a city name, the name (or abbreviation) of a state or province, and possibly also the name of a country. The string should unambiguously identify some City. Examples are 'New York, New York', 'New York, NY', 'New York, NY, USA'. There is no restriction on format for this type other than that the city should be first, followed by the state(province), if any, followed by the country, if any. A city name alone can be unambiguous if it is a very large city or capital of a country: Cairo is Cairo, Egypt; Moscow is Moscow, Russia. For other Cairos or Moscows, the state and possibly country will need to be included.
Super-classes	FormattedString^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only Municipality^c

Civic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Civic`
Description	''Civic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''City'' or to things specific to a certain city. @mod45 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'civic' in WordNet: 1. (4) civic - (of or relating or belonging to a city; 'civic center'; 'civic problems')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Civil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Civil`
Description	''Civil'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the ''Citizenry'' and to individual citizens, and to aspects of being a citizen, as 'civil rights'. @mod45 Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'civil' in WordNet: 4. civil, civic - (of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals; 'civil rights'; 'civil liberty'; 'civic duties'; 'civic pride')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

CivilSuit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CivilSuit

Description

A ''CivilSuit'' is a ''Lawsuit'' concerning matters not alleging criminal activity.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'civil suit' in WordNet:
         1. civil suit - (a lawsuit alleging violations of civil law by the defendant)

Super-classes CourtCase^c

Civilian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Civilian`
Description	Persons who are not members of military organizations. `SUMO: Someone who is not a member of a ModernMilitaryOrganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'civilian' in Wordnet: 1. (2) civilian - (a nonmilitary citizen)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	NewHire^c

Civilization^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Civilization

Description

A Group of people who have complex practices and social relations.

    This corresponds to sense 1 of 'Civilization' in WordNet:
    1. (17) civilization, civilisation - (a society in an
      advanced state of social development (e.g., with 
      complex legal and political and religious organizations);
      'the people slowly progressed from barbarism to civilization')

Super-classes Society^c

Civilized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Civilized

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'civilized' in Wordnet:
        1. civilized, civilised - (having a high state of culture and development 
            both social and technological; 'terrorist acts that shocked the civilized world')

Super-classes SocialStatusAttribute^c

CivilizingaCulture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CivilizingaCulture`
Description	''CivilizingaCulture'' is a form of ''ModifyingBehavior'' in which some uncivilized individual or a relatively homogeneous or isolated 'society' with some existing culture learns how to behave in a manner considered 'civilized' (as contrasted with 'barbaric'). This is considered in COSMO as an ''ImprovementEvent''. For a society, this may be caused primarily by internal processes, or by a strong modifying contact with a more 'civilized' society. It can therefore be transitive or intransitive. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'civilize' in WordNet: 2. civilize, civilise - (raise from a barbaric to a civilized state; 'The wild child found wandering in the forest was gradually civilized')`
Super-classes	ModifyingBehavior^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c or AgentType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Civilized^c

Clack^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clack

Description

This is the kind of noise made by a metal object or a hard wooden object hitting another hard wooden object.

       NOTE: the 'clap' part of the WN gloss is not included in this type.
         Two hands hitting each other are a 'clap' but this sound does not quite 
           sound the same.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clack' in WordNet:
          1. clack, clap - (a sharp abrupt noise as if two objects hit together; may be repeated)

Super-classes Noise^c

Claim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Claim`
Description	A LinguisticAssertion that asserts an opinion in strong terms, or asserts a Right. Both senses are included in this type. `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'claim' in WordNet: 1. (26) claim - (an assertion of a right (as to money or property); 'his claim asked for damages') 2. (11) claim - (an assertion that something is true or factual; 'his claim that he was innocent'; 'evidence contradicted the government's claims')`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unproven^c isProducedByEventType^op value Claiming^c
Sub-classes	Allegation^c

Claiming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Claiming`
Description	A ''Claiming'' is an ''AssertingEvent'' that produces a 'Claim', and asserts an opinion in strong terms. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'claim' in WordNet: 1. (34) claim - (assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing; 'He claimed that he killed the burglar') WN verb 'contend': 1. (11) contend, postulate - (maintain or assert; 'He contended that Communism had no future')`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Claim^c
Sub-classes	Purporting^c Alleging^c

Clam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clam`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clam' in WordNet: 1. (2) clam - (burrowing marine mollusk living on sand or mud; the shell closes with viselike firmness)`
Super-classes	Bivalve^c
Sub-classes	SteamedClam^c

ClamShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClamShell`
Description	A ''Clamshell'' is the whole shell of a ''Clam'' consisting of two ''SeaShell''s hinged at one end.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clamshell' in WordNet: 1. (2) clamshell - (the shell of a clam)`
Super-classes	BodyCovering^c Shell^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value SeaShell^c

Clamor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clamor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 and verb sense 2 of 'clamor' in WordNet: 2. clamor, clamoring, clamour, clamouring, hue and cry - (loud and persistent outcry from many people; "he ignored the clamor of the crowd") WN verb 'clamor': 2. (3) clamor, clamour - (utter or proclaim insistently and noisily; "The delegates clamored their disappointment")`
Super-classes	CallingOut^c LoudNoise^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c

Clamorous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clamorous

Description

NOTE; term 'vociferous' is typically used of people's speech that is insistent as well as loud Probably should be a subtype.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clamorous' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) blatant, clamant, clamorous, strident, vociferous - 
             (conspicuously and offensively loud; given to vehement outcry; 
             'blatant radios'; 'a clamorous uproar'; 'strident demands'; 'a vociferous mob')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Clamp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clamp`
Description	NOTE: the WN gloss suggestsit isintendedfor a U-clamp, but this type includes clams of a different type such as ''HoseClamp''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clamp' in WordNet: 1. clamp, clinch - (a device (generally used by carpenters) that holds things firmly together)`
Super-classes	Fastener^c HoldingDevice^c
Sub-classes	C-Clamp^c HoseClamp^c

Clan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clan

Description

A GroupOfPeople, related by common descent on either the father's or mother's side. This is a term used in Anthropology. NOTE that the anthropological term is restricted to members of a clan living within some restricted geographical area. The membership criterion is narrower than that of a Sib or 'Tribe', and the Type 'Clan' is considered a subtype of 'Sib" in COSMO. The limits on distribution of the members of a clan have not yet been set in COSMO (v 0.45).

     HRAF (618 CLANS): Presence of localized kin groups consisting of unilinearly related 
     persons of one gender and their spouses and young children but not including their 
     out-marrying siblings of opposite gender; structural type (e.g., matri-clans, 
     patri-clans, avuncu-clans, amita-clans); size (e.g., clan-barrios, clan-communities); 
     number and distribution; subdivision (e.g., into subclans, extended families);
     organization; headship and succession; functions e.g., economic, political); 
     reciprocal relations between members ; cohesive and fissive tendencies; land holdings; 
     relations between clans; etc. Only data on clan-barrios will normally be indexed 
     with this term.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clan' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) kin, kin group, kinship group, kindred, clan, tribe - (group of people related by blood or marriage)

Super-classes Sib^c

Clandestine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clandestine

Description

''Clandestine'' is an attribute of Actions that are performed with effort to avoid them becoming known or recognized for their intended purpose.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clandestine' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) clandestine, cloak-and-dagger, hole-and-corner, hugger-mugger, 
             hush-hush, secret, surreptitious, undercover, underground -
             (conducted with or marked by hidden aims or methods; 
             'clandestine intelligence operations'; 'cloak-and-dagger activities behind enemy lines'; 
             'hole-and-corner intrigue'; 'secret missions'; 'a secret agent'; 'secret sales of arms';
             'surreptitious mobilization of troops'; 'an undercover investigation'; 'underground resistance')

Super-classes Secret^c

Clang^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clang

Description

A ''Clang'' is a repeating ''Noise'' that has the quality of a metal object being struck.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clang' in WordNet:
         1. (2) clang, clangor, clangour, clangoring, clank, clash, crash -
           (a loud resonant repeating noise; "he could hear the clang of distant bells")

Super-classes Noise^c

ClappingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClappingSound`
Description	A ''ClappingSound'' is a ''AudibleSound'' that is a repeated series of ''HandClap''s, produced by one or more people, typically as a sign of approval for some just completed Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clap' in WordNet: 3. clack, clap - (a sharp abrupt noise as if two objects hit together; may be repeated)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op min 4

Clarification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clarification`
Description	A ''Clarification'' is an ''Explanation'' created by a ''Clarifying'' Action that adds information to an ''UnclearAssertion'' so as to make it ''Clear'' to the listener/reader of the ''Clarification''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clarification' in WordNet: 1. clarification, elucidation, illumination - (an interpretation that removes obstacles to understanding; 'the professor's clarification helped her to understand the textbook')`
Super-classes	Explanation^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Clarifying^c hasTopic^op value UnclearAssertion^c

Clarifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clarifying`
Description	''Clarifying'' is an 'Explaining' that adds additional information to an ''UnclearAssertion'' to make the meaning more clear or to provide additional explanatory detail. This can be done solely with additional text, or by providing images or sounds, or even pointing to visible objects to add the clarifying information. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clarify' in WordNet: 1. (3) clarify, clear up, elucidate - (make clear and (more) comprehensible; 'clarify the mystery surrounding her death') WN noun 'elucidation': 1. elucidation - (an act of explaining that serves to clear up and cast light on)`
Super-classes	Explaining^c IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value UnclearAssertion^c hadAddedObject^op value Clarification^c produced^op value Clarification^c
Sub-classes	Illustrating^c

Clarinet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clarinet

Description

CYC: small single-reed instrument

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clarinet' in WordNet:
        1. clarinet - (a single-reed instrument with a straight tube)

Super-classes SingleReedWoodwindInstrument^c

Clarity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clarity`
Description	The Quality of a PhysicalObject (or of a substance of which such Objects are composed) that is ''Clear-Unclouded'' (as contrasted with 'opaque'or 'cloudy'.. `''Clarity'' is the nominalized form of ''Clear-Unclouded'' - things that are ''Clear-Unclouded'' have ''Clarity''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clarity' in WordNet: 2. (1) clearness, clarity, uncloudedness - (the quality of clear water; 'when she awoke the clarity was back in her eyes') WN noun 'limpidity': 2. pellucidness, pellucidity, limpidity - (passing light without diffusion or distortion)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Clear-Unclouded^c
Sub-classes	Distinctness^c

Clashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clashing`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clashing' in Wordnet: 1. clashing - (sharply and harshly discordant; 'clashing interests of loggers and conservationists'; 'clashing colors')`
Super-classes	Incompatible^c

Clasp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clasp`
Description	A Fastener that holds two Objects (which could be ends of the same Object) together. There are several designs, and all are included in this type. A common usage is for the clasp on a necklace or bracelet that holds the two ends together. In COSMO this type includes the looped part of a pin (e.g. safety pin or pin on a button that is worn on clothing, or the ''U-ShapedClasp'' on a ''Padlock''. RHW: a device, usually of metal, for fastening together two or more things or parts of the same thing: a clasp for paper money; a clasp on a necklace. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clasp' in Wordnet: 1. clasp - (a fastener (as a buckle or hook) that is used to hold two things together)
Super-classes	Fastener^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToConnect^op value PairOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	OrnamentalClasp^c U-ShapedClasp^c

ClassInstructionPlan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClassInstructionPlan`
Description	A ''ClassInstructionPlan'' is a ''CourseOfInstructionPlan'' for one course taught by one Teacher (for one semester or one year) that includes several lectures (possibly occurring on a singe day, but usually spread out over days or months) created by some educator (usually being or including the Teacher of the course) as the method for imparting knowledge of one general subject to students. There will be different details of the subject taught on different days,but the whole will constitute some organized presentation of a part of a ''FieldOfStudy'' NOTE that this is the ''Plan'' (an abstract specification) for teaching a course(s): the curriculum that forms a course of study is represented by ''CourseOfInstruction''. The plan for group of course instructors or multiple topics or for an institution or educational system is the parent type 'CourseOfInstructionPlan''. For a coure of lectures executing a ''ClassInstructionPlan'' for a single course taught by (or under the control of) one Teacher, use ''CourseOfLectures''. ''1. course of lectures - (a series of lectures dealing with a subject)'' This is approximately equivalent to the term 'curriculum' in WordNet: 1. (7) course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus - (an integrated course of academic studies; 'he was admitted to a new program at the university')
Super-classes	CourseOfInstructionPlan^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value CourseOfInstruction^c

ClassSession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClassSession`
Description	A ''ClassSession'' is one of the periodic ''Session''s in which ''Student''s go to class (perform a ''AttendingaClass''Action) at some ''SchoolBuilding''. This is a subtype of ''Meeting'' in which Students and (at least one) ''Teacher'' are involved. `RHW 'class': 4. a meeting of a group of students for instruction.`
Super-classes	Session^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (ClassroomAttendees^c or Teacher^c) hasSubEvent^op value AttendingaClass^c occursDuring^op some SchoolSessionTime^c typicallyOccursInside^op value SchoolBuilding^c

Classic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classic

Description

COSMO note: In Cyc this is an object, here reinterpreted as an AttributeValue.

    Cyc: The attribute that describes those things that
        have a formal, traditional, balanced style; which adhere to
        high standards and principles; which have been evaluated and
        are considered standard and authoritative.  Classics
        maintain their standing as models of their kind over time.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'classic' in Wordnet:
              1. (6) classic - (characteristic of the classical artistic and literary traditions)
              2. (4) classic - (adhering to established standards and principles; 'a classic proof')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ClassicLiterature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClassicLiterature`
Description	''ClassicLiterature'' is the collective term for literary works that are not considered recent, and have achieved some level of approval for their quality or significance -mostly novels and poetry.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op only Classic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op only Antique^c

ClassicThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClassicThing`
Description	CoSMO note: This concept in Cyc is named 'Classic'. `Cyc: The attribute that describes those things that have a formal, traditional, balanced style; which adhere to high standards and principles; which have been evaluated and are considered standard and authoritative. Classics maintain their standing as models of their kind over time.`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Classic^c

Classical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classical

Description

'Classical' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to significant pre-modern things (art, methods, ideas) or to more recent ideas or methods that have achieved widespread use and appreciation.

    Includes adjective senses 1 and part of sense 2 of 'classical' in WordNet:
      1. (8) classical - (of or characteristic of a form or system felt to be 
         of first significance before modern times)
      2. (2) authoritative, classical, definitive - (of recognized authority or excellence; 
        'the definitive work on Greece'; 'classical methods of navigation')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ClassicalMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClassicalMusic`
Description	''ClassicalMusic'' is a type of ''Music'' that is usually longer in time than instances of ''PopularMusic'' and appeals to serious students of music, and is distinct from ''PopularMusic'' in being most often performed by an orchestra, string quartet, or other instrument groups including strings, rather that with with a guitar or saxaphone This is the actual music, not an abstract genre. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classical music' in WordNet: 1. classical music, classical, serious music - (traditional genre of music conforming to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste)`
Super-classes	Music^c
Sub-classes	OperaOrOratorio^c

Classicism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classicism

Description

''Classicism'' is a branch of the ''Humanities'' that arose in the 17th and 18th centuries, deriving inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman arts.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classicism' in WordNet:
          1. classicism, classicalism - (a movement in literature and art during 
            the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe that favored rationality and restraint
            and strict forms; 'classicism often derived its models from the ancient Greeks and Romans')

Super-classes Humanities^c

Classification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classification`
Description	A ''Classification'' is a Group of ''SortedGroup''s where each member of the consitituent ''SortedGroup''s has some set of characteristics (described by a ''Sort'') in common with the others, those characteristic(s) providing the basis for its assignment to that ''SortedGroup''. If starting with an existing set of ''Sort''s and an unclassified Group, the act of ''Classifying'' will produce a ''Classification''. If starting with an unanalysed Group of things to be sorted into separate categories, then a ''Categorizing'' Action can be performed to first produce a set of ''Sort''s by performing an ''AnalyzingGroupProperties'' Action, and then doing a ''Classifying'' in which the starting Group to be classified can be assigned to the ''Sort''s created in the fist step. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'classification' in Wordnet: 2. (7) classification, categorization, categorisation - (a group of people or things arranged by class or category)
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Categorizing^c isTheProductOf^op value Classifying^c hasComponentElement^op only SortedGroup^c
Sub-classes	Dichotomy^c Taxonomy^c

Classified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classified

Description

CYC: #$Classified is attribute anything has if it is classified. This attribute is normally associated with documents, computers, or physical facilities.

       ''Classified'' is a more intensive degree of 'Confidential''
        specifically used to characterize information that has been
        formally 'classified' by a governmental procedure for declaring information
        to be restricted in distribution.  A 'Classified'' document is
        supposed to have some form 'Classified' mark on it, although copies
        may lose that mark in one manner or another and are still considered by
        government agencies to be ''Classified''.
        Unauthorized transmission of ''Classified''information to persons
        ineligible to receive it can carry strong legal penalties.

        A ''Classified' docuent can lose that status if it becomes 'declassified'
        by official process.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'classified' in Wordnet:
          2. classified - (official classification of information or documents; 
            withheld from general circulation; 'thousands of classified documents 
            have now been declassified')

Super-classes Confidential^c

ClassifiedAdvertisement^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClassifiedAdvertisement

Description

A ''ClassifiedAdvertisement'' is a 'NewspaperAdvertisement' (an 'AbstractDocument') that is part of the 'classified ads' section of an abstract ''NewspaperIssue''.

     NOTE:   This is the *abstract* version of the ad, which is represented by a
       part of a physical newspaper. (You can't cut this out of the 'paper')

      CYC: 'ClassifiedAd':
        A collection of ads (#$Advertisement-CW) that are
         part of a group of ads published together in one section of
         a #$PeriodicalIssue or otherwise made available together,
         and arranged into categories depending on the type or
         content of the ads. #$ClassifiedAds are generally short,
        consisting of just a few lines of #$TextualMaterial.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classified advertisement' in WordNet:
          1. classified ad, classified advertisement, classified - (a short ad
             in a newspaper or magazine (usually in small print) 
             and appearing along with other ads of the same type)

Super-classes NewspaperAdvertisement^c

Classifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classifier`
Description	A ''Classifier'' is a ''Thinker'' who creates 'classification's.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classifier' in WordNet: 1. (1) classifier - (a person who creates classifications)
Super-classes	Thinker^c

ClassifierWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClassifierWord`
Description	the use of this type of 'classifier' is used in some language, Japanese is one. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'classifier' in WordNet: 2. classifier - (a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class in which an item belongs)`
Super-classes	Word^c
Sub-classes	Rubric^c

Classifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classifying`
Description	The Action in which an agent comes to believe that some Object or Group of Objects or Event belongs as an element of some previously known ''SortedGroup'' (described by some ''Sort'' - a class, type, or category ), and takes some action to add that Object (in any of various ways) to the proper type. This is a subtype of ''Sorting'', and creates a ''Classification'', which is a Group of ''SortedGroup''s each of which is described by one of the starting ''Sort''s. This can be simply a test to see if any members of the Groups have some specific desirable or undesirable property, so the number of resulting groups can be as small as two. See subtype ''ScreeningaGroupOfThings'' This is for adding things to one or more a previously created ''SortedGrooup''s (informally referred to a categories or kinds or sorts). For the action of first creating ''Sorts'' for the purpose of analyzing a Group of things into useful subgroups, and then''Classifying'' those elements by assigning them to the categories created, use ''Categorizing''. In Cyc called 'IdentifyingObjectAsType' Cyc: The subcollection of #$Identifying in which the #$identifiedThings are (correctly) identified as belonging to some type (represented in the #$CycKB as a collection). For example identifying a tree as an Oak tree, i.e. as an instance of #$OakTree, is an example of an action in this collection. See #$identifiedAsType and #$IdentifyingAsTypeFn as well as #$identifiedThing. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'classify' and sense 1 of 'categorize' in WordNet: 3. relegate, classify - (assign to a class or kind; 'How should algae be classified?'; 'People argue about how to relegate certain mushrooms') WN 'categorize': 1. (1) categorize, categorise - (place into or assign to a category; 'Children learn early on to categorize')
Super-classes	Categorizing^c Sorting^c Recognizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Classification^c produced^op some SortedGroup^c
Sub-classes	ScreeningaGroupOfThings^c Taxonomizing^c Pigeonholing^c

Classmate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classmate`
Description	A ''Classmate'' is a ''Student'' who is attending or has attended at least one ''Class'' or ''CourseOfInstruction'' with another member of the same instance of ''Classmates''. All the members of a specific ''Classmates'' Groupeah ''Classmates'' of each other. It is not necessary (as the WN gloss suggests) for any two ''Classmate''s to be acquainted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classmate' in WordNet: 1. (1) schoolmate, classmate, schoolfellow, class fellow - (an acquaintance that you go to school with)`
Super-classes	Student^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some Classmates^c performsAction^op some TakingaCourse^c

Classmates^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classmates`
Description	Each ''Classmates'' is a 'ClassroomAttendees'' Group that have attended some ''CourseOfInstruction'' at the same ''EducationalOrganization'' during the same ''SchoolSession'' at the same ''SchoolSessionTime''.
Super-classes	SchoolGrade^c AssemblageOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Classmate^c performsAction^op some AttendingTheSameClass^c

Classroom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classroom

Description

Class rooms are rooms filled with desks or tables where teaching and learning takes place.

        SUMO: Any Room in a School where education 
          takes place.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classroom' in Wordnet:
             1. (5) classroom, schoolroom - (a room in a school where lessons take place)

Super-classes Room^c

ClassroomAttendees^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClassroomAttendees`
Description	A 'ClassroomAttendees'' is an ''AssemblageOfPeople'' that is the Group of students that are physically present in the ''Classroom'' during a ''ClassSession'' in some ''SchoolBuilding''. NOTE: the generic group of students at a particular educational level, at any school, is represented as a ''SchoolGrade''. NOTE; this is for the students in one classroom session (1 hour or so in high school or college, morning or afternoon in grammar school). The stdents in one 'grade' (year) in one school may be in different classrooms. @ToDo: Need a different type for that. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'class' in WordNet: 2. (192) class, form, grade - (a body of students who are taught together; 'early morning classes are always sleepy')
Super-classes	AssemblageOfPeople^c SchoolGrade^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Student^c performsAction^op some AttendingaClass^c

Classy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Classy`
Description	Something ''Classy'' is both Elegant and Fashionable. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'classy' in Wordnet: 1. classy, posh, swish - (elegant and fashionable; 'classy clothes'; 'a classy dame'; 'a posh restaurant'; 'a swish pastry shop on the Rue du Bac'- Julia Child)`
Super-classes	Elegant^c Fashionable^c
Sub-classes	High-Class^c

Clastic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clastic`
Description	Used for ''Rock''s - also for ''Stone'' substances?? `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clastic' in Wordnet: 1. clastic - (of or belonging to or being a rock composed of fragments of older rocks (e.g., conglomerates or sandstone))`
Super-classes	Heterogeneous^c
Sub-classes	Pyroclastic^c

Clattering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clattering`
Description	Each ''Clattering'' is an Event in which a ''ClatteringNoise'' sound is emitted by the action of some ''RigidObject'' colliding repeatedly with another ''RigidObject''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clatter' in WordNet: 1. (6) clatter, clack, brattle - (make a rattling sound; 'clattering dishes')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	wasEmittedByObject^op value RigidObject^c isPerformedBy^op value RigidObject^c alwaysCauses^op value ClatteringNoise^c isCausedBy^op value StrikingRepeatedly^c

ClatteringNoise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClatteringNoise`
Description	This ''ClatteringNoise'' includes the action of making a 'clatter'. `'out on the lawn there arose such a clatter I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clatter' in WordNet: 1. (4) clatter - (a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement); 'the shutters clattered against the house'; 'the clatter of iron wheels on cobblestones')`
Super-classes	LoudNoise^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value RigidObject^c

Clause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clause`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clause' in WordNet: 2. (1) article, clause - (a separate section of a legal document (as a statute or contract or will))`
Super-classes	Subdivision^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value LegalDocument^c

Claustrophobia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Claustrophobia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'claustrophobia' in WordNet: 1. (1) claustrophobia - (a morbid fear of being closed in a confined space)`
Super-classes	Phobia^c

Clavicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clavicle`
Description	The #$Clavicle, also known as the 'collarbone', is the #$Bone-BodyPart in front of body just below the neck. It connects the #$RibCage to the forelimbs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clavicle' in WordNet: 1. clavicle, collarbone - (bone linking the scapula and sternum)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Trunk-BodyCore^c isConnectedTo^op value ShoulderBone^c isConnectedTo^op value Sternum^c

Clavier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clavier`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clavier' in WordNet: 2. clavier, Klavier - (a stringed instrument that has a keyboard)`
Super-classes	MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c StringInstrument^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PianoKeyboard^c
Sub-classes	Harpsichord^c

Claw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Claw`
Description	This is the generic 'claw', a ''HolderGripper'' whose subtypes are found on the feet of mammals and birds and also at the ends of the arms of arthropods, such as lobsters, crabs,and ''Scorpion''s. The common property is to be at the end of an extremity, and to be hard . For the pointy-ended 'claw' on the toes of mammals and birds use ''ToeClaw''. For the bird-foot 'claw' on birds use ''BirdClaw''. For the pincer 'claw' on a lobster use ''Pincer''. `CYC: Sharp, pointed protrusions at the end of the extremities of many animals. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'claw' in WordNet: 1. (2) claw - (sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles) 3. (1) claw, chela, nipper, pincer - (a grasping structure on the limb of a crustacean or other arthropods) 4. claw - (a bird's foot)`
Super-classes	HolderGripper^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c Nail-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c
Sub-classes	ToeClaw^c BirdClaw^c Pincer^c

Clay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clay`
Description	A type of soil that is mostly ''InorganicMaterial''. This is the broadest sense, including clay that is still moist as well as dried clay (dried naturally or artificially). See 'FiredClay' for the subtype that was dried in a ''Kiln''. `Random House Webster sense 1a: a : an earthy material that is plastic when moist but hard when fired, that is composed mainly of fine particles of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, and that is used for brick, tile, and pottery; specifically : soil composed chiefly of this material having particles less than a specified size Sense 1 in Wordnet: 1. (11) clay - (a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired)`
Super-classes	SoftSolidInorganicStuff^c Soil^c
Sub-classes	FiredClay^c

Clean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clean`
Description	An attribute of objects or substances that do not have perceptible Impurity. This is evaluative because whether something is an Impurity is usually relative to a purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clean' in WordNet: 1. (18) clean - (free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits; 'children with clean shining faces'; 'clean white shirts'; 'clean dishes'; 'a spotlessly clean house'; 'cats are clean animals')`
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Immaculate^c Hygienic^c

CleaningDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CleaningDevice`
Description	$CleaningDevice is a specialization of `#$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$CleaningDevice is a device, manually powered or otherwise, whose #$primaryFunction is to be used in cleaning things. Specializations of #$CleaningDevice include #$Mop, #$Dishwasher, #$ShoeBrush, and #$ClothesWasher.`
Super-classes	Device^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CleaningEvent^c
Sub-classes	Napkin^c CottonBall^c CleaningImplement^c VacuumCleaner^c Toothpick^c WashingMachine^c Dishwasher^c

CleaningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CleaningEvent`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO this is interpreted as including an Event in which an undesirable substance is removed from a substance of which it is part, even when the contaminant is not in solid form. Thus deionizing water would be a CleaningEvent. NOTE: this is for an Action that removes some of the contaminant. For a ''CleaningEvent'' that restores the cotaminated object to its (apparently) original condition use subtype ''Cleanup''. Cyc: A collection of events and a specialization of #$RemovingSomething and #$TakingCareOfSomething. In each #$Cleaning event, dirt (or some other unwanted substance) is removed from the #$objectOfStateChange of that event. If a #$Cleaning event is successful, then the #$Dirtiness level of the object will have been lowered. A notable specialization of this collection is #$Scrubbing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clean' in Wordnet: 1. (16) clean, make clean - (make clean by removing dirt, filth, or unwanted substances from; 'Clean the stove!'; 'The dentist cleaned my teeth')
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c RemovingSomething^c MaintainingAnObject^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Dirtying^c hadObjectCleaned^op some (PhysicalObject^c or Person^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) mayUseInstrument^op value CleaningDevice^c
Sub-classes	PolishingSomething^c CleaningTeeth^c Sweeping^c Cleanup^c CleaningaSurfaceEvent^c WashingEvent^c Raking^c Disinfecting^c RinsingEvent^c Cleansing^c
In domain of	hadObjectCleaned^op

CleaningImplement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CleaningImplement`
Description	A specialization of both #$HandTool and #$CleaningDevice. Each instance of #$CleaningImplement is a hand-held tool used for cleaning something. Notable specializations of #$CleaningImplement include #$Mop, #$DentalPick, #$WashCloth, #$FacialTissue, and #$ShoeBrush. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleaning implement' in WordNet: 1. cleaning implement - (any of a large class of implements used for cleaning)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c CleaningDevice^c
Sub-classes	WhiskBroom^c BrushOrBroom^c Broom^c WashCloth^c ScrubBrush^c Mop^c

CleaningSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CleaningSubstance`
Description	Cleaning aids of all types, including scouring powders. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleanser' in WordNet: 1. cleansing agent, cleanser, cleaner - (a preparation used in cleaning something)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Soap^c Toothpaste^c Detergent^c SoapAndWater^c Toothpowder^c

CleaningTeeth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CleaningTeeth`
Description	''CleaningTeeth'' can be done by a person on his/her own teeth, or by a dentist or hygeinist. It can be e.g. brushing, scraping, picking.. Cyc: This is the collection of all complex actions the focal point of which is brushing one's own teeth. Each instance begins with the preparations for brushing one's teeth - looking for the tools - and continues through the physical act of brushing, ending only after the cleaning up-putting away the tools-is finished. For the simple physical action of brushing one's teeth, see #$TeethCleaning. There is no WordNet sense of 'brush' specifically for teeth, but that is one use of the word: 'She showered, brushed, and dressed in under fifteen minutes'; 'you should brush after every meal'.
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c PersonalGrooming^c CleaningEvent^c SingleDoerAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op value SetOfTeeth^c
Sub-classes	BrushingTeeth^c

CleaningaFloor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CleaningaFloor`
Description	''CleaningaFloor'' is a ''CleaningaSurfaceEvent'' accomplshed by Rubbing a ''Mop'', cloth, towel, paper towel, sponge, or other soft object over a ''Floor'' for the purpose of removing material from the ''Floor''.
Super-classes	CleaningaSurfaceEvent^c Rubbing^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op some Floor^c
Sub-classes	Vacuuming^c MoppingaFloor^c

CleaningaSurfaceEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CleaningaSurfaceEvent`
Description	This is a subtype of 'CleaningEvent' in which only the surface portion of a physical object is cleaned - by washing, wiping, polishing, etc.
Super-classes	CleaningEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op some OuterPhysicalSurface^c
Sub-classes	SwabbingWithaMop^c CleaningaFloor^c Wiping^c

Cleansing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleansing`
Description	A ''CleaningEvent'' in which what is cleaned is some part of the surface of a human body. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cleanse' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cleanse, clean - (clean one's body or parts thereof, as by washing; 'clean up before you see your grandparents'; 'clean your fingernails before dinner')`
Super-classes	CleaningEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op some HumanBody^c
Sub-classes	Gargling^c CleansingHair^c

CleansingHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CleansingHair`
Description	A ''CleaningEvent'' in which what is cleaned is some part of the surface of a human body. `This includes 'shampooing' but may be performed with cleaning agents other than those called ''shampoo''. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'shampoo' in Wordnet: 1. shampoo - (use shampoo on (hair))`
Super-classes	Cleansing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op value HairOnHead-Human^c

Cleanup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleanup`
Description	The difference between ''Cleaning'' an ''Cleanup'' is that a ''Cleanup'' restores the dirtied or contaminated object to its original condition. This is a successful cleaning Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cleanup' in WordNet: 3. cleaning, cleansing, cleanup - (the act of making something clean; 'he gave his shoes a good cleaning')`
Super-classes	CleaningEvent^c RestoringEvent^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value CleaningDevice^c
Sub-classes	Sanitation^c

Clear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clear`
Description	An attribute of texts, ''Assertion''s, ''Interpretation''s or ''Proposition''s which are easy to understand and do not leave unanswered questions for some Person who perceives the Assertion by any means of communition. This is an EvaluativeAttribute because texts that are incomprehensible to some people may be easy for others to understand. If an ''Assertion'' is ''Clear'', the essential part of the ''IntendedMeaning'' of that ''Assertion'' (which is in the mind of the asserter) will have the same logical structure and relation to the RealWorld as the Interpretation of that ''Assertion'' in the mind of the listener/reader. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clear' in WordNet: 1. (56) clear - (clear to the mind; 'a clear and present danger'; 'a clear explanation'; 'a clear case of murder'; 'a clear indication that she was angry'; 'gave us a clear idea of human nature')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Explicit^c Graphic^c Straightforward^c Understandable^c Clear-Cut^c Apparent^c

Clear-Cut^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clear-Cut

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clear-cut' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) clear-cut, distinct, trenchant - (clearly or sharply defined to the mind; 
             'clear-cut evidence of tampering'; 'Claudius was the first to invade Britain 
             with distinct...intentions of conquest'; 'trenchant distinctions between right and wrong')

Super-classes Unambiguous^c
Clear^c

Clear-Unclouded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clear-Unclouded

Description

''Clear-Unclouded'is an attribute of PhysicalObjects and substances through which light can pass with little diminution of intensity and litlle or no distortion of the image passing hrough. This is the property of a new pane of window glass or of pure water..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'clear' in WordNet:
         4. (4) clear - (free from cloudiness; allowing light to pass through;
             'clear water'; 'clear plastic bags'; 'clear glass'; 
             'the air is clear and clean')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

Clearance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clearance`
Description	A ''Clearance'' is a vertical 'Separation', (a ''StraightPath'') between the top surface of some PathArtifact (roadway, water surface) and the bottom of an object above it, This is used to determine if there is enough distance between the top of a TransportationDevice (RoadVehicle or Boat) and some strcture under which it pass usually a bridge or bridge-like connection between two structures, If the length of the ''Clearance'' is less than the height of the vehicle above the path surface, the device cannot pass under the bridge without damage, `NOTE: to make this a ''LengthMeasure'' it would have to be the Length of some ''Distance''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clearance' in WordNet: 2. headroom, headway, clearance - (vertical space available to allow easy passage under something)`
Super-classes	Separation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c

Clearcutness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clearcutness`
Description	''Clearcutness'' is a state in which the entity in focus has the quality ''Precise''; the meaning is clear due to the precision with which the assertion isstated.. This is usually used for statements conforming to truth or reality. `The technical 'precision' in the degree of error allowed in measuring instrument is ''Precision''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preciseness' in WordNet: 1. preciseness, clearcutness - (clarity as a consequence of precision)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Precise^c

Clearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clearing`
Description	A ''Clearing'' is a ''Tract' of land that is in the middle of a Woods but has few trees. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clearing' in WordNet: 1. (3) clearing, glade - (a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area)`
Super-classes	Tract^c
Restrictions	isDeficientIn^op value Tree^c isSurroundedHorizontallyBy^op value WoodedArea^c

ClearingaLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClearingaLocation`
Description	''ClearingaLocation'' is an Action in which some Object(s) or Substances are removed from an area or surface - usually in order to make a room or surface clear of objects. `This corresponds to the notion of 'clearing' a desk, a shelf, an area, a room. This includes 'clearing' a room by removing all of the people - even if the people move themselves. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'clear' in WordNet: 5. (2) clear - (remove; 'clear the leaves from the lawn'; 'Clear snow from the road')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c
Sub-classes	ClearingaSurface^c Decluttering^c

ClearingaSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClearingaSurface`
Description	An Action in which some Object(s) are removed from a surface - usually in order to make the surface clear of objects. `This corresponds to the notion of 'clearing' a desk, a shelf, an area, the floor of a room.`
Super-classes	ClearingaLocation^c
Sub-classes	RemovingSnow^c Skimming^c Defeathering^c StrippingaSurfaceCoating^c

Cleats^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleats

Description

'Cleats'' is a type of ''Shoe'' designed to provide traction on soft ground by having projecting metal or leather prongs attached to the soles.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleats' in WordNet:
          1. cleats - (shoes with leather or metal projections on the soles; 
            'the football players all wore cleats')

Super-classes Shoe^c

Cleavage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleavage`
Description	A ''Cleavage'' is the part of an Animal body that includes a visible line of division between two adjacent parts. This is commonly used for the line between the two ''Breast''s of a Woman when the top part of that line is exposed to view by a shirt with a low 'neckline'. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cleavage' in WordNet: 4. cleavage - (the line formed by a groove between two parts (especially the separation between a woman's breasts))`
Super-classes	Line-Generic^c HumanScaleObject^c AnimalBodyRegion^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Animal^c

Cleaver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleaver`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleaver' in WordNet: 1. cleaver, meat cleaver, chopper - (a butcher's knife having a large square blade)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Knife^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Butcher^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value Butchering^c hasPhysicalPart^op value SquareBlade^c

Cleaving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleaving`
Description	''Cleaving'' is a ''SeparationEvent'' Action in some Object ( is separated into two parts with some tool, usually a knife-like object. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cleave' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cleave, split, rive - (separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument; 'cleave the bone') WN noun 'cleavage': 5. cleavage - (the act of cleaving or splitting)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Isolation^c

Cleft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleft`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleft' in WordNet: 1. (2) cleft - (a split or indentation in something (as the palate or chin))
Super-classes	Indentation^c

Cleft-Coastal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleft-Coastal`
Description	A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a coastal cliff. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'cleft' in WordNet: 2. crack, cleft, crevice, fissure, scissure - (a long narrow opening)`
Super-classes	Gap-Topographical^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Coast^c isaPartOf^op value Cliff^c

Clergical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clergical

Description

''Clergical'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the ''Clergy'' generally and members of the clergy and the things that they do.

        For pertaining to'clerks' or clerical work use ''Clerical''

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'clerical' in Wordnet:
           2. (1) clerical - (of or relating to the clergy; 'clerical collar')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Clergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clergy`
Description	The ''Clergy'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' (in some context) each of which is a ''Cleric''. This can be used in restricted contexts, such as relgions or locations, not necessarily all in the world. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'clergy' , (including ''Cleric''s of all faiths) in WordNet: 1. (2) clergy - (in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity))`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Cleric^c
Sub-classes	Ministry^c

Cleric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleric`
Description	This sense of ''Cleric''includes all ''ReligiousPerson'' who have some special training and status among membrs of some religion, that distinguishes them from the manjority of ''Layman'' preactitioners of that religion. CYC: A specialization of both #$PersonWithOccupation and #$ReligiousPerson. Each instance of #$Cleric is a religious leader, typically in charge of some congregation (for instance, a synagogue, temple, mosque, or church). Notable specializations of #$Cleric include #$Rabbi, #$Priest, #$Mullah, and #$Minister. SUMO: The Profession of being in charge of or ministering to a ReligousOrganization. NOTE that this is not necessarily Christian, as indicated in WN 'clergyman' sense 1; also, subtype 'Cantor'' is for Jewish congregations. Includes noun sense 1 of 'cleric' and sense 1 of 'clergyman' and sense 1 of 'spiritual leader' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cleric, churchman, divine, ecclesiastic - (a clergyman or other person in religious orders) WN 'clergyman': 1. (13) clergyman, reverend, man of the cloth - (a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church) WN 'spiritual leader': 1. spiritual leader - (a leader in religious or sacred affairs)
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c ReligiousPerson^c
Sub-classes	Minister^c Rabbi^c Priest^c Chaplain^c Mullah^c Jesuit^c Vicar^c Imam^c Preacher^c Mufti^c Cantor^c

Clerical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clerical

Description

''Clerical'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Clerk''s and the kind of work that Clerks traditionally do, typing, recording stuff.

        For pertaining to'clergy' use ''Clergical''

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clerical' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) clerical - (of or relating to clerks; "clerical work")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ClericalWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClericalWorker`
Description	employees who tally columns of numbers, do rote data entry, etc., for a living. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'clerk' in WordNet: 1. (7) clerk - (an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts))`
Super-classes	DeskWorker^c
Sub-classes	Receptionist^c Secretary^c FileClerk^c AccountingClerk^c

Clever^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clever`
Description	'Clever' is the attribute of someone who has is better than average at finding solutions to practical problems (as contrasted with academic intelligence, the ability to score well on examinations). In essence, smart in certain respects, not with the general intelligence measured by IQ tests. NOTE: for objects or actions showing evidence of cleverness, use 'Ingenious'. See also 'Apt' - a related term - and (for the results of intelligent action) 'Ingenious'. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'clever' in Wordnet: 1. (3) adroit, clever, ingenious - (skillful (or showing skill) in adapting means to ends; 'cool prudence and sensitive selfishness along with quick perception of what is possible - these distinguish an adroit politician'; 'came up with a clever story'; 'an ingenious press agent'; 'an ingenious scheme')
Super-classes	Resourceful^c Intelligent^c
Sub-classes	Scheming^c Imaginative^c Shrewd^c Creative^c Pragmatic^c

Cleverly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleverly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'cleverly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cleverly, smartly - (in a clever manner; 'they were cleverly arranged'; 'a smartly managed business')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Cleverness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cleverness`
Description	cleverness? ''Clever'' = adroit `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cleverness' in WordNet: 3. ingenuity, ingeniousness, cleverness - (the property of being ingenious; 'a plot of great ingenuity'; 'the cleverness of its design')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Clever^c

Cliche^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cliche`
Description	A ''Cliche'' is a type of ''Phrase'' (Group of Words) that may be a simile or a metaphor or any combination of words that was once original and expressive but has been used so often that it no longer stimulates the imagery that it originally did. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cliche' in WordNet: 1. (5) platitude, cliche, banality, commonplace, bromide - (a trite or obvious remark)`
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Banal^c

Click^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Click

Description

A ''Click'' is a ''Sound'' consisting of one short high-pitched sharp sound characteristic of a RigidObject especially a metallic object strikes another RigidObject. This sound can be produced in many ways, including with the mouth. The 'clink' of glass objects against each ther is included here.

      Common examples are when a keys of a keyboard (typewriter)  are
         struck. People can 'cick' their heels or click a
         'clicker' to make a sound like a cricket.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'click' in WordNet:
             1. (2) chink, click, clink - (a short light metallic sound)

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Clickbait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clickbait`
Description	A ''Clickbait'' is some part of a ''ComputerDisplayImage'' that is displaying an internet page which has an active link to another page when clicked, and has some feature that looks interesting enough to make many people want to look further and therefore 'click' that link. This is often associated with web sites that have some commercial value or interest.
Super-classes	ComputerDisplayImage^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value ComputerMonitor^c

Clicking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clicking`
Description	''Clicking'' is the Event of producing a ''Click''. `'A ticking time bomb.' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'click' in WordNet: 2. (1) click, tick - (make a clicking or ticking sound; 'The clock ticked away')`
Super-classes	StrikingAnObjectEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Click^c hadObjectStruck^op value RigidObject^c

Client^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Client`
Description	A ''Client'' is a ''Customer'' who buys services from some licensed professional.. `Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'client' in WordNet: 1. (9) client - (a person who seeks the advice of a lawyer) 2. (1) customer, client - (someone who pays for goods or services)`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c
Restrictions	wasaCustomerOf^op some CommercialServiceProvider^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatrickCassidy

Cliff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cliff`
Description	CYC: A collection of topographical features. Each element of #$Cliff is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. `NOTE that this slope is steeper than the parent type ''Escarpment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cliff' in Wordnet: 1. (3) cliff, drop, drop-off - (a steep high face of rock; 'he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town'; 'a steep drop')`
Super-classes	Escarpment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VerySteep^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value High^c

Climate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Climate`
Description	A ''Climate'' is an ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that describes the average weather conditions over a long period of time in some particular area of the Earth's surface. `?@ToDo: how to specifically refer to ''WeatherEvent''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'climate' in WordNet: 1. (5) climate, clime - (the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time; 'the dank climate of southern Wales'; 'plants from a cold clime travel best in winter')`
Super-classes	EnvironmentalCondition^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some (GeographicalArea^c or LocationType^c) hasAttributeValue^op value AverageHumidity^c hasAttributeValue^op value AverageAirTemperature^c hasSubEvent^op value WeatherEvent^c

Climatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Climatic

Description

''Climatic'' applies to Events that are related to ''Climate''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'climatic' in Wordnet:
         1. climatic, climatical - (of or relating to a climate; 'climatic changes')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Climax^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Climax`
Description	A ''Climax'' is an Event (possibly a ''PersistentState'') that is a subEvent of an ''EventSeries'', were the most significant (to those hearing or reading about the Events) ''Result'' of that EventSeries occurs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'climax' in WordNet: 1. (2) climax, flood tide - (the highest point of anything conceived of as growing or developing or unfolding; 'the climax of the artist's career'; 'in the flood tide of his success')`
Super-classes	Outcome^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value EventSeries^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostSignificant^c

ClimaxOfaStory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClimaxOfaStory`
Description	A ''ClimaxOfaStory'' is a ''Section'' of a narrated ''Story'' where important changes to the fates of the characters are at a 'maximum', and begin the ending part of the story. This is one of the ''Result''s (a ''Climax'',which is an Event) of the set of prior Events narrated in and represented by the story. This is not the ending of the story, which is a representation of the ''Denouement'' of those Events. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'climax' in WordNet: 2. (2) climax, culmination - (the decisive moment in a novel or play; 'the deathbed scene is the climax of the play')`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c Result^c Section^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Climax^c isaProperPartOf^op value Story^c

Climber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Climber`
Description	A ''Climber'' is a ''Person'' who climbs hills or mountains for sport.. `''MountainClimber' is a subtype - not yet here. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cimber' in WordNet: 4. climber - (someone who climbs as a sport; especially someone who climbs mountains; 'the lead climber looked strong still but his partner often slumped in his ropes')`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Climbing-Recreational^c

Climbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Climbing`
Description	CYC: Any climbing event, by which an animal moves upward along some surface through its own effort. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'climb' in Wordnet: 1. (36) climb, climb up, mount, go up - (go upward with gradual or continuous progress; 'Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?')`
Super-classes	AscendingEvent^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c
Sub-classes	Climbing-Recreational^c ClimbingaLadder^c AscendingStairs^c Shinnying^c MountingSomething^c

Climbing-Recreational^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Climbing-Recreational`
Description	This is the collection of #$Climbing events which are performed for recreation or as a sport.
Super-classes	Climbing^c RecreationalActivity^c
Sub-classes	MountainClimbing^c

ClimbingVine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClimbingVine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'climber' in WordNet: 1. climber - (a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants)`
Super-classes	Vine^c

ClimbingaLadder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClimbingaLadder`
Description	The Action of 'Ascending' (going to a higher elevation) by using the rungs of a (more or less vertically oriented) ''Ladder'' as supports for the feet.
Super-classes	Climbing^c Ambulation^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Ladder^c

Clincher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clincher`
Description	A ''Clincher'' is an Argument (a MentalOject) that makes a conclusion appear certain, in making a decision. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clincher' in WordNet: 1. clincher, determiner, determining factor - (an argument that is conclusive)`
Super-classes	Argument^c
Restrictions	perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value CognitiveFactor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conclusive^c

Clinical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clinical

Description

an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates to a ''Clinic'' or to a MedicalCareEvent that occurs in a clinic or clinical testing labs, including medical testing, diagnosis, outpatient treatment, (e.g. 'clinical results', 'clinical findings'); of or pertaining to a clinic or to activities typically carried out in a Clinic.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinical' in WordNet:
       1. (14) clinical - (relating to a clinic or conducted in 
          or as if in a clinic and depending on direct observation of patients;
          'clinical observation'; 'clinical case study')

Super-classes Medical^c

ClinicalAnalyticalTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClinicalAnalyticalTest`
Description	A ClinicalAnalyticalTest is an AnalyticalTest on some ''ClinicalSpecimen'' derived from the body of an animal, with the purpose of determining the physiological condition of the animal or of some part of the animal. `NOTE that this type of action is not necessarily on humans. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'urinalysis' in WordNet: 1. urinalysis, uranalysis - ((medicine) the chemical analysis of urine (for medical diagnosis))`
Super-classes	AnalyticalTest^c
Restrictions	hadObjectAnalyzed^op value ClinicalSpecimen^c
Sub-classes	MedicalAnalyticalTest^c

ClinicalDepression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClinicalDepression`
Description	''ClinicalDepression'' is a ''Depression-Feeling'' that is intense enough to motivate ingestion of medication (with or without an actual diagnosis), longer-lasting than the ''Depression-Feeling'' that many people feel at times, and intense enough to qualify as a ''PsychologicalAilment''. `CYC 'Depression-PsychologicalCondition': A psychological ailment characterized by sadness, inactivity, and altered sleeping and eating patterns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'depression' in WordNet: 1. (4) depression - (a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity)`
Super-classes	PsychologicalAilment^c Despair^c Depression-Feeling^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value ClinicallyDepressed^c isMoreIntenseThan^op value Depression-Feeling^c

ClinicalInstitution^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClinicalInstitution

Description

e.g. Mayo Clinic??

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinic' in WordNet:
          1. clinic - (a medical establishment run by a group of medical specialists)

Super-classes MedicalCareInstitution^c

ClinicalSpecimen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClinicalSpecimen`
Description	A ''ClinicalSpecimen' is an 'SampleOfSubstance'' taken from the body of some Animal (usually a Person) to be subjected to analysis to determine any of various properties relevant to the health of the Animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'specimen' in WordNet: 2. (3) specimen - (a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes; 'they collected a urine specimen for urinalysis')`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Specimen^c SampleOfSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ClinicalAnalyticalTest^c

ClinicalTrial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClinicalTrial

Description

A ''ClinicalTrial'' is a '''MedicalTest'' in which the effectiveness of some DrugProduct or some medical procedure is investigated in people.

      Tests the ''PhysiologicalEffect'' of a drug or procedure.


      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinical trial' in WordNet:
        1. clinical trial, clinical test - (a rigorously controlled test
           of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on human subjects;
           in the United States it is conducted under the direction 
           of the FDA before being made available for general clinical use)

Super-classes MedicalTest^c

Clinically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clinically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'clinically' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clinically - (in a clinical manner; 'she is clinically qualified')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

ClinicallyDead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClinicallyDead`
Description	An attribute that specifies that an animal (usually applied to people) is 'clinically dead', i.e. has no vital signs. This is not the same as being truly dead, as people who are clinically dead may come back to life. This category is ambiguous, implying neither that a person is dead nor that the person is alive. It is likely to be used in situations where a person who was clinically dead revived, and should only be used to indicate that a person was recently alive but now appears dead.
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c UnableToFunction^c

ClinicallyDepressed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClinicallyDepressed`
Description	''ClinicallyDepressed'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''ClinicalDepression''.
Super-classes	Depressed^c

Clinician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clinician`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinician' in WordNet: 1. clinician - (a practitioner (of medicine or psychology) who does clinical work instead of laboratory experiments)`
Super-classes	MedicalDoctor^c Practitioner^c

Clip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clip`
Description	Any of several types of small objects that are used to hold objects together temporarily (not by attaching) by the tension exerted by the clip on the objects that are placed adjacent to each other. `Subtypes are: bicycle clip; alligator clip; hair slide; and ''PaperClip''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clip' in Wordnet: 3. (1) clip - (any of various small fasteners used to hold loose articles together)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Fastener^c
Sub-classes	AttachedClip^c PaperClip^c

Clipboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clipboard`
Description	A ''Clipboard'' is a ''WritingBoard'' that has a 'clip' at the top to hold papers. `"PaperClip" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clipboard' in WordNet: 1. clipboard - (a small writing board with a clip at the top for holding papers)`
Super-classes	WritingBoard^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value AttachedClip^c

ClipperShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClipperShip`
Description	A fast ''SailingShip''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clipper ship' in Wordnet: 1. clipper, clipper ship - (a fast sailing ship used in former times)`
Super-classes	SailingShip^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast^c

Clipping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clipping`
Description	A ''Clipping'' is an ''Excerpt'' cut out from a Newspaper or Magazine, to be saved for rereading at a later time. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clipping' in WordNet: 1. clipping, newspaper clipping, press clipping, cutting, press cutting - (an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine; 'he searched through piles of letters and clippings')`
Super-classes	Excerpt^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value PeriodicalCopy^c

Clique^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clique`
Description	A 'Clique'' is an ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' that are are more tightly associated than most ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup''s and less public with their activities. They are to some extent open to inclusion of others not already in the group, but are selective about who can be allowed in. This is not a 'secret society' in that their existence as a group is known to others. A ''Clique'' is usually a small group in direct contact with each other. There is no clear limit on the number of members. `This is sufficiently tight as a unit to be considered as a ''Role''. RHW: 1. a small, exclusive group of people; coterie; set. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clique' in WordNet: 1. (1) clique, coterie, ingroup, inner circle, pack, camp - (an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose)`
Super-classes	Role^c ActivityTypeFocusGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Exclusive^c
Sub-classes	Mafia^c Cabal^c

Clitoris^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clitoris`
Description	CYC: A small organ at the anterior or ventral part of the vulva homologous to the penis `NOTE:WN parent 'erectile organ - (an organ containing erectile tissue)' is not yet in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clitoris' in WordNet: 1. clitoris, clit, button - (a female sexual organ homologous to the penis)`
Super-classes	Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalSexOrgan^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FemaleAnimal^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Vulva^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Cloak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloak`
Description	A ClothingItem that is intended to be wrapped around the Person over other garments, for wear outdoors. It may be loose-fitting, or snug like a Coat. It may or may not have sleeves for the arms. `NOTE: the WordNet sense 2 of 'cape' suggests that a 'cloak' has no sleeves, but in COSMO it may have sleeves. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'cloak' in RHW: 1. a loose outer garment, as a cape or coat. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'cloak' in WordNet; the meaning of 'loose' in the WordNet gloss is interpreted to include coats: in WordNet: 2. cloak - (a loose outer garment)`
Super-classes	OutdoorClothing^c OuterGarment^c WarmClothingItem^c
Sub-classes	Shawl^c Tunic^c Cape-Clothing^c

Clock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clock`
Description	A ''Clock'' is a ''Timepiece'' that measures the passage of Time and displays the ''TimeOfDay''.This is a self-contained device with a dedicated purpose, so the combination of Devices that measures the time of day in a computer and displays it on the screen will be an instance of the parent ''Timepiece'' but not of this type. NOTE that in CYC this is a 'mechanical device' but in COSMO it can be purely electronic, with no moving parts. This includes timers as well as clocks that display the TimeOfDay. A Clock is a SelfPoweredDevice, but the power can come from various source, such as springs in a mechanical clock, electricity in an electronic clock, or gravity in a clock that has hanging weights as the driver. The time displayed on the Among the specializations are 'AlarmClock'. CYC: A specialization of #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$Clock is a device designed to be used to keep track of time. SUMO: Any Device that measures and represents TimeDuration or TimePosition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clock' in WordNet: 1. (15) clock - (a timepiece that shows the time of day)
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c Timepiece^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value TimeOfDay^c
Sub-classes	CuckooClock^c Watch^c AlarmClock^c

ClockFace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClockFace`
Description	A 'ClockFace' is the 'DisplayDevice' component of a Clock that show the TimeOfDay (not a timer). This includes the analog hands of a mechanical clock, or any digital time display, including electronically powered LED displays; this is an extension of the usual meaning of 'clock face'; as being for the hands of a mechanical clock. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clock face' in WordNet: 1. clock face, clock dial - (the face of a clock showing hours and minutes of the day)`
Super-classes	DisplayDevice^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value TimeOfDay^c isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Clock^c hasDesignFunction^op value DisplayingInformation^c

ClockTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClockTime`
Description	''ClockTime'' is the time displayed by a clock (analog or digital) whether twelve or twenty-four hour format. NOTE: instances of ''ClockTime'' will be represened by entities with the format ''PM_11_00'' to represent 11:00 PM in the local TimeZone (which can be omitted). in the 24-hour format 'T24_' can be used as the prefix for the time in ''hhmm'' format. For TimeZones to be explicitly referenced, an added '_TZnn' can be appended to the base time format, with GMT as zone 1 and each more westerly zone one number higher up to 24. For more formal treatment of times and time zones see discussion under ''DateTime''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clock time' in WordNet: 1. clock time, time - (the time as given by a clock; 'do you know what time it is?'; 'the time is 10 o'clock')
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PM_11_00 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PM_7_00

Clockwise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clockwise

Description

''Clockwise'' is a ''DirectionOfRotation'' for things that 'rotate' in some manner, such as a pointer on a dial that rotates around the center of the dial, or objects or events that move sequentially around some circular group of objects on a surface, such as things passed from Person to Person who are sitting at a table. This can apply to 'turns' at performing some action that are 'rotated' among some group that are an the same plane, where the reference point of viewing to determine the direction is from above the plane.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clockwise' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) clockwise - (in the same direction as the rotating hands of a clock)

Super-classes DirectionOfRotation^c

Clockwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clockwork`
Description	A Mechanism that has internal parts that operate like a clock. `This corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'clockwork' in WordNet: 1. clockwork - (any mechanism of geared wheels that is driven by a coiled spring; resembles the works of a mechanical clock)`
Super-classes	Mechanism^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Spring-Device^c hasPhysicalPart^op some ToothedWheel^c

Clogged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clogged

Description

      similar to CYC: 'Congested':

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'clogged' in Wordnet:
        2. choked, clogged - (stopped up; clogged up;
          'clogged pipes'; 'clogged up freeways'; 'streets choked with traffic')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Cloister^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloister`
Description	A ''Cloister'' is a ''OfficialResidence'' provided by some ''ReligiousOrganization'' for members who have officially dedicated their lives to religious work. This does not have ot be a means of isolation of the residents, as suggested by the term. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cloister' in WordNet: 1. religious residence, cloister - (residence that is a place of religious seclusion (such as a monastery))`
Super-classes	Residence^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value ReligiousPerson^c isOwnedBy^op some ReligiousOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Monastery^c

Cloning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloning`
Description	'''Cloning'' is a type of ''MakingaCopy'' in which some multi-celled Organism (usually a Vertebrate) has its genetic material replicated and transferred into some receptive cell that will develop into an exact genetic copy of the original organism. "Another day, another Dolly." `CYC: The collection of #$Events in which a #$Cell from an #$Organism-Whole is collected and appropriately manipulated so as to turn it into a second #$Organism-Whole which is #$geneticallyIdentical to the first one. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clone' in WordNet: 1. clone - (make multiple identical copies of; 'people can clone a sheep nowadays') WN noun 'cloning': 1. cloning - (a general term for the research activity that creates a copy of some biological entity (a gene or organism or cell))`
Super-classes	MakingaCopy^c PhysicalCreationEvent^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Organism^c produces^op some Copy^c

ClosableChain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosableChain`
Description	A ''ClosableChain'' is a ''Chain'' (of links or objects on a cord) that has a ''Fastener'' at one or both ends that allows the ''Chain'' to assume the shape of a continuous loop. This is the typical chain used in jewelry such as for necklaces or some bracelets. `Should this be a 'closable chain' or an 'openable loop'?`
Super-classes	Chain^c
Restrictions	canAssumeTheShapeOfa^op value CordlikeObject^c hasComponentPart^op value ChainClip^c canAssumeTheShapeOfa^op value ClosedLoopObject^c
Sub-classes	Necklace^c

ClosableContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosableContainer`
Description	A ''ClosableContainer'' is a ''PackagingContainerProduct'' that has some form of 'lid' when it is sold; the lid may or may not be able to be replaced after being removed (e.g. metal cans with tops that are removed with a can opener). It is 'closable' only in the sense that it can be closed before use; it may or may not be closable after being opened. The the re-closable container, use subtype ''ContainerWithTopCap''. `.`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c PackagingContainerProduct^c
Sub-classes	ContainerWithTopCap^c

CloseFitting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CloseFitting`
Description	'CloseFitting' is an AttributeValue of a group of (usually two) Objects that, when placed together, have little room for movement between them. Usually this is applied to clothing relative to the person who is wearing it (or trying it on); but can also used be for a container and something that just 'fits' inside, contacting the container at multiple points. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'close-fitting' in Wordnet: 1. close, snug, close-fitting - (fitting closely but comfortably; 'a close fit')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	TightFitting^c

CloseInTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CloseInTime`
Description	''CloseInTime'' is An AttributeValue of things that are close in Time. e.g. 'close call' or 'near future' Includes parts of adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'close' (specifyng proximity in time) ad senses 2 and 3 of'recent; in WordNet: 1. (40) close - (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other; 'close to noon'; 'how close are we to town?'; 'a close formation of ships') 3. (6) near, close, nigh - (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; 'near neighbors'; 'in the near future'; 'they are near equals'; 'his nearest approach to success'; 'a very near thing'; 'a near hit by the bomb'; 'she was near tears'; 'she was close to tears'; 'had a close call') WN adj 'recent': 2. (9) late, recent - (of the immediate past or just previous to the present time; 'a late development'; 'their late quarrel'; 'his recent trip to Africa'; 'in recent months'; 'a recent issue of the journal') 3. (4) recent - (near to or not long before the present; 'recent times'; 'of recent origin')
Super-classes	Near^c
Sub-classes	Recent^c Imminent^c

CloseQuarterCombatWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CloseQuarterCombatWeapon`
Description	CYC: A collection of the collections of #$Weapons which are normally used in hand-to-hand combat.
Super-classes	SmallArm-Weapon^c
Sub-classes	Dagger^c Club-Weapon^c Sword^c Bayonet^c Switchblade^c

CloseUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CloseUp`
Description	A ''CloseUp'' is a ''Photograph'' that takes the photo from a closer than usual range, or by using a 'zoom' capability of a lens, to reveal detail. This includes not only ''StillImage''s, but parts of a video as well. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'closeup' in WordNet: 1. (3) closeup - (a photograph taken at close range)`
Super-classes	Photograph^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magnified^c

Closed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Closed`
Description	An AttributeValue only of Portals that have a barrier in place to things passing through (e.g. a closed door), or to PortalCoverings that are in a position such that they block passage through the portal, or to Containers that have a portal covering in place that blocks entry or exit. This also includes the distinguishable subsense of paths that are blocked to passage. This is the most general sense of 'closed' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'closed' in WordNet: 1. (8) closed - (not open or affording passage or access; 'the many closed streets made travel difficult'; 'our neighbors peeped from behind closed curtains')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Stored^c Sealed^c

ClosedClassWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosedClassWord`
Description	CYC: The collection of all words that are members of closed lexical classes such as #$Prepositions, #$Determiners, etc.
Super-classes	Word^c
Sub-classes	Preposition^c GrammaticArticle^c Conjunction^c AuxVerb^c Determiner^c Pronoun^c

ClosedFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosedFacility`
Description	CYC: The collection of all facilities that are in a closed state. The collection #$ClosedFacility is used to describe a facility that is not currently available for its normal or expected activity. For example, (#$isa BorderCheckpoint-N-S-Korea #$ClosedFacility). Unless the context provides proper temporal qualification, the time period of closure should be specified explicitly.
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c

ClosedLoopObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosedLoopObject`
Description	A Three-dimensional Object that has two dimensions each much shorter (> 10X) than the third, and forms an endless loop - it has no ends (is ''Endless''). It is not necessary that all parts of the loop are identical, there may be some asymmetry. It may be rigid (a hula-hoop) or flexible (such as a drive belt in an automobile). `NOTE: this kind of object will be closed-looped when in use, but it does not necessarily have to be closed-looped when in storage, such as with a ''Necklace''. For that type of object, use ''ClosableChain'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'loop' in WordNet. in Wordnet: 2. loop - (anything with a round or oval shape (formed by a curve that is closed and does not intersect itself))`
Super-classes	CurvedObject^c FilamentlikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Endless^c
Sub-classes	SafetyPin^c Belt-Mechanical^c ChainLink^c CelestialOrbit^c HulaHoop^c Stirrup^c ConveyorBelt^c Hoop^c LoopedPathway^c Ring^c ChainClip^c

ClosedMinded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosedMinded

Description

Unreceptive to new ideas, especially to ideas that might contradict a Person's present beliefs or feelings.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'closed minded' in Wordnet:
       1. close-minded, closed-minded - (not ready to receive to new ideas)

Super-classes Incurious^c

ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure`
Description	SUMO: Any TwoDimensionalFigure which has a well defined interior and exterior.
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Sub-classes	Polygon^c Ellipse^c SpadeShape^c

Closely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Closely

Description

''Closely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies any Group of TimePoints or TimeIntervals or Events to specify that they were 'Near'' or 'close' in space or time.

      This should have subtypes to be more specific.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'closely' in WordNet:
           1. (19) closely - (in a close relation or position in time or space;
             'the onsets were closely timed'; 'houses set closely together'; 
             'was closely involved in monitoring daily progress')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

CloselySpaced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CloselySpaced`
Description	''CloselySpaced'' is an attribute characterizing a Group of ''SolidObject''s that have little distance between them
Super-classes	Spaced^c Dense^c

Closer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Closer`
Description	''Closer'' is the comparative of ''Close''. `WN 'closer' is an adverb.`
Super-classes	Near^c
Sub-classes	Closest^c

Closest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Closest`
Description	''Closest'' is the superlative of ''Close''.
Super-classes	Closer^c

Closet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Closet

Description

A walled, roomlike structure within a HOC, used for storage, and having a portal to another room or a passageway of the HOC.

        SUMO: A relatively small Room used for storage.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'closet' in Wordnet:
            1. (4) cupboard, closet - (a small room (or recess) or cabinet used for storage space)

Super-classes StorageRoom^c

ClosingAContainerArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosingAContainerArtifact`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a #$ContainerArtifact is closed (not necessarily by an #$Agent, in the #$BaseKB). NOTE that the #$ContainerArtifact is the #$objectOfStateChange, and that each such object has at least one portal, presumably with a portal covering. So #$ClosingAContainerArtifact means putting the (or any appropriate) portal covering back in place on the portal (one of the portals) of a container product.
Super-classes	ClosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	ClosingADrawer^c ClosingADoor^c

ClosingADoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosingADoor`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a door is closed. Note that the #$objectActedOn of such an event is #$ConstructionArtifact that is also a #$ContainerProduct. Such objects tend to have one or more #$Doorways with #$DoorwayCoverings.
Super-classes	ClosingAContainerArtifact^c

ClosingADrawer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosingADrawer`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a drawer is closed. Note that the #$objectActedOn of such an event is a #$ContainerProduct. Such objects tend to have one or more drawers.
Super-classes	ClosingAContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Drawer^c

ClosingEyes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosingEyes`
Description	''ClosingEyes'' is the Action (which may be involuntary) of closing one or more eyes, performed by a Vertebrate.
Super-classes	DirectedTranslation^c ClosingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectClosed^op value Eye^c hadObjectMoved^op value Eyelid^c
Sub-classes	Winking^c Blinking^c

ClosingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosingSomething`
Description	This is an Action in which some generic 'closing' of a Portal or a container having a Portal occurs, whether closing a Portal or 'closing' a highway (from traffic) or closing up (plugging up) cracks or crevices or pores in some Object.
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	occurredLaterThan^op value OpeningSomething^c hadObjectClosed^op some (PhysicalObject^c or Hole^c or PhysicalSpaceRegion^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or RegionType^c)
Sub-classes	LockingSomething^c ClosingaPortal^c ClosingAContainerArtifact^c SlammingSomethingShut^c SealingSomething^c ClosingEyes^c
In domain of	hadObjectClosed^op

ClosingTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosingTime

Description

'OpeningTime' the TimePoint that is specified by a business as the TimePoint at which they close for business on business days. This may vary with the day of the week.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'closing time' in WordNet:
      1. closing time - (the regular time of day when an establishment closes to the public)

Super-classes RecurringTimePoint^c
TimeOfDay^c
RelativeTime^c

ClosingaPlaceOfBusiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosingaPlaceOfBusiness`
Description	'ClosingaPlaceOfBusiness' is an Action in which some Person closes the doors of a business or office or other place of public accommodation, to stop other people from coming in and taking advantage of the service provided by the place of business. 'Business' here is any kind of service, whether or not for a fee or for profit. This sense answers the question 'when does the office close?'. This is the second time mentioned in 'office hours from * to '.This is not* for the sense of some enterprise ceasing business and closing its doors for the last time. This is the converse of 'OpeningaPlaceOfbusiness' @ToDo: NOTE: this includes temporarily (e.g. for the night) or peranently (e.g. going out of business) or moving. These need to be distinguished. Corresponds to part verb sense 1 of 'close' in WordNet; however it appears that the WordNet sense includes 'ceasing to do business for the final time', which is not included in this COSMO sense. in WordNet: 1. (649) close up, close, fold, shut down, close down - (cease to operate or cause to cease operating; 'The owners decided to move and to close the factory'; 'My business closes every night at 8 P.M.'; 'close up the shop')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value ClosingTime^c

ClosingaPortal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClosingaPortal`
Description	This is the collection of all actions in which a #$PartiallyTangible something is closed. The #$objectOfStateChange must be such that it has the states of #$OpenPortalState and #$ClosedPortalState, and an instance of this collection involves the object going from the #$OpenPortalState state to the #$ClosedPortalState. Cf. #$OpeningSomething. `COSMO note: the thing closed can be a door, box, drawer, or anything else that has a covered portal. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'close' and sense 1 of 'shut' in WordNet: 3. (217) close, shut - - (move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut; 'Close the door'; 'shut the window')`
Super-classes	DirectedTranslation^c ClosingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectClosed^op some (Portal^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) hadObjectMoved^op value PortalCovering^c

Clostridium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clostridium`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clostridium' in WordNet: 1. clostridium, clostridia - (spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore)`
Super-classes	Eubacterium^c
Sub-classes	Tetanus-Bacterium^c

Clot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clot`
Description	A ''Clot'' is a ''Lump''of some substance produced by the contents of a ''LiquidObject'' in a ''Clotting'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clot' in WordNet: 1. (1) clot, coagulum - (a lump of material formed from the content of a liquid)`
Super-classes	Lump^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Clotting^c isDerivedFrom^op some (LiquidObjectType^c or LiquidObject^c)
Sub-classes	BloodClot^c

Cloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloth`
Description	Cloth is a woven (as contrasted with flocked) fabric. COSMO note: In Cyc Cloth was an object, but that concept has been renamed 'PieceOfCloth' and the name 'Cloth' has been reassigned to the Substance that has the form of a PieceOfCloth. The Cyc comments below indicate the intent of what a piece of cloth should be, and the substance represented by this category is the substance of which such pieces of cloth are composed. Cyc comment: #$Cloth is a specialization of #$TextileArtifact. Each instance of #$Cloth is a piece of textile sheet woven or knitted or pressed out of fibers. Instances of #$Cloth are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of such things as clothing items, towels, sails for sailing craft, parachutes, and draperies. Corresponds to part (the substance) of sense 1 of 'cloth' (but not including flocked fabric)in WordNet - For the object made of cloth use ''PieceOfCloth''. in WordNet: 1. (16) fabric, cloth, material, textile - (artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; 'the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent'; 'woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC'; 'she measured off enough material for a dress')
Super-classes	Fabric^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c
Sub-classes	Felt^c Plaid^c Satin^c SilkOrLace^c SilkFabric^c

ClothCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothCovering`
Description	A ''ClothCovering''is a ''Covering'' made from 'Cloth' - `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cloth covering' in WordNet: 1. cloth covering - (a covering made of cloth)`
Super-classes	Covering^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Cloth^c
Sub-classes	BurialGarment^c Upholstery^c Bedcloth^c TeaCosy^c

ClothNapkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothNapkin`
Description	A ''Napkin'' made of ''Cloth''.
Super-classes	PieceOfCloth^c Napkin^c
Sub-classes	Bib^c

ClothOrPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothOrPaper`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c

ClothTowel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothTowel`
Description	A Towel made of cloth.
Super-classes	Towel^c PieceOfCloth^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Towelling^c
Sub-classes	DishTowel^c BathTowel^c

Clothed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clothed

Description

'Clothed' is the AttributeValue of people who are wearing some exterior clothing, beyond the underwear, but not necessarily formally dressed. Even a bathing suit would qualify. Disjoint with ''Nude''.

      NOTE that 'undressed' could be in underwear; an opposite of this?

      Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'dressed' in Wordnet -
         but this sense can be less formal thnan most examples.
        1. (9) appareled, attired, dressed, garbed, garmented, habilimented, robed -
        (dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination;
        'the elegantly attired gentleman'; 'neatly dressed workers'; 'monks garbed in hooded robes'; 
        'went about oddly garmented'; 'professors robed in crimson'; 'tuxedo-attired gentlemen';
        'crimson-robed Harvard professors')
       WN adj 'clothed':
         1. (1) clothed, clad - (wearing or provided with clothing;
             sometimes used in combination; 'clothed and in his right mind'- Bible; 
             'proud of her well-clothed family'; 'nurses clad in white'; 'white-clad nurses')

Super-classes Covered^c

ClothesDryer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothesDryer`
Description	A ''ClothesDryer'' is a floor-mounted ''ElectricalHouseholdAppliance'' with a chamber that rotates to tumble wet clothes and to dry the clothes (especially those that have just been washed). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clothes dryer' in WordNet: 1. clothes dryer, clothes drier - (a dryer that dries clothes wet from washing)`
Super-classes	Dryer^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value TumbleDrying^c

ClothesHook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothesHook`
Description	A ''ClothesHook'' is a ''Hanger'' having a part shaped like a ''Hook'' which is used in a ''HangingSomething'' and is used by attaching the ''ClothesHook'' to a vertical ''SupportingObject'' such as a ''VerticalPost'' or a ''Wall''. The thing supported need not be a ''ClothingItem'', but that is a common use for this type. This differs from ''PictureHook''s in having a curved portion that is larger than that of a ''PictureHook''. `No evident WN sense for this type`
Super-classes	Hook^c Hanger^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op value WallOrPost^c

ClothesPin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothesPin`
Description	CYC: The collection of all clothes pins, devices used for suspending pieces of clothing from a stretched cord, so they can dry. `COSMO note: this is traditionally of wood (thus the ''Shaft'' parent) but more recently can be of plastic, with a spring attached to allow two pieces of plastic to hold clothing by tension only on the clothing, rather than by keeping the clothes items held directly to the ''Clothesline''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clothespin' in Wordnet: 1. clothespin, clothes pin, clothes peg - (wood or plastic fastener; for holding clothes on a clothesline)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c Fastener^c Shaft^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value HangingFromSomething^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Clothesline^c

Clothesline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clothesline`
Description	CYC: The collection of clothes lines. The simplest case is just a cord between two points of attachment. More complicated ones use pulleys. Clothes may be hung on and supported by the #$ClothesLine to dry by means of a #$ClothesPin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clothesline' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clothesline - (a cord on which clothes are hung to dry)`
Super-classes	Cord^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Clothing^c functionsTogetherWith^op value ClothesPin^c

Clothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clothing`
Description	Clothing generally, including outfits. NOTE: although this is not formaly represented as a Group (which could have one object in it), the usage is as a collective term. Perhaps it should be formally a 'Group'? Wait and see how usage goes. For a single item of clothing, see 'ClothingItem'. This type is restricted to items made of some Fabric. This is a PhysicalObject (or Group of PhysicalObjects), not a substance; it includes ClothingAccessories such as jewelry and watches. NOTE: The SUMO documentation for 'Clothing' is not precise as to whether outfits can be included. We assume that outfits were intended and put the SUMO documentation here. SUMO: (Clothing) Artifact made out of fabrics and possibly other materials that are used to cover the bodies of Humans. In Cyc called 'Clothing-Generic'. Cyc: A specialization of #$SomethingToWear. Each instance of #$Clothing-Generic is something that a person wears as a protective and/or decorative covering or ornament. Instances of #$Clothing-Generic are usually made of flexible materials, such as cloth, leather, or yarn. Important specializations of #$Clothing-Generic include #$ClothingOutfit and #$ClothingItem. (the main sense of 'clothing' in RHW) 1. garments collectively; clothes; raiment; apparel. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'clothes' in WordNet : NOTE that 'clothing' in WordNet is an article of clothing: see 'ClothingItem' a subtype of Clothing in WordNet: 1. (45) apparel, wearing apparel, dress, clothes - (clothing in general; 'she was refined in her choice of apparel'; 'he always bought his clothes at the same store'; 'fastidious about his dress')
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c SomethingToWear^c DurableGood^c Covering-Object^c FabricObject^c
Sub-classes	Playsuit^c FashionableClothing^c ClothingOutfit^c WomensClothing^c MensClothing^c Attire^c FormalWear^c SwimWear^c Wardrobe^c TraditionalClothing^c ClothingItem^c

Clothing-Bottom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clothing-Bottom`
Description	$Clothing-Bottom is a specialization of `#$Garment. Each instance of #$Clothing-Bottom is a clothing item that covers at least the #$LowerTorso, but does not significantly cover the #$Chest-BodyPart. Instances of #$Clothing-Bottom are outerwear, in the sense that in modern western cultures someone wearing a #$Clothing-Bottom only needs a #$Clothing-Top and shoes to be considered #$FullyClothed. #$Overalls are a marginal case, in that they do cover some of the chest, but are normally worn with a #$Clothing-Top.`
Super-classes	Garment^c
Sub-classes	Overalls^c Loincloth^c SkirtBottom^c Pants^c LongSkirtBottom^c Skirt^c

Clothing-Top^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clothing-Top`
Description	$Clothing-Top is a specialization of #$Garment. `Each instance of #$Clothing-Top is a #$Garment that extends from the shoulders to the #$Waist or #$Hips. #$Clothing-Tops are outerwear, in the sense that in modern western culture someone wearing a #$Clothing-Top with trousers, shorts, or a skirt and shoes is considered #$FullyClothed. In COSMO this includes a jacket.`
Super-classes	Garment^c
Sub-classes	Sweater^c Camisole^c Jacket^c Vest^c Shirt^c Brassiere^c

Clothing-WholeBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clothing-WholeBody`
Description	$Clothing-WholeBody is a specialization of `#$Garment. Each instance of #$Clothing-WholeBody is a #$Garment that covers the whole body. Someone wearing one would only require #$Shoes to be considered #$FullyClothed in modern western culture.`
Super-classes	Garment^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value HumanBody^c
Sub-classes	Toga^c Leotard^c

ClothingAccessory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothingAccessory`
Description	A specialization of #$ClothingItem. Each instance of #$ClothingAccessory is something that is worn as an accessory with other clothing items. Notable specializations of #$ClothingAccessory include #$Hat, #$Cufflinks, #$Purse, #$Scarf, and #$Wallet. `COSMO note: we include 'Watch' as a ClothingAccessory, since they are typically worn or otherwise visible, and often bought for their style. A 'ClothingAccessory' is usually not made from woven Fabric,but may be (such as certain gloves). @ToDo: this criterion should be made more precise. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accessory' in WordNet: 1. (1) accessory, accoutrement, accouterment - (clothing that is worn or carried, but not part of your main clothing)`
Super-classes	ClothingItem^c
Sub-classes	JewelryPin^c Scarf^c Necklace^c Necktie^c Crown^c Cufflink^c Watch^c Suspenders^c Glove^c Tiara^c Wallet^c Trappings^c HeadWear^c Mitten^c WomensClothingAccessory^c Neckerchief^c Mask^c ClothingAcessoryBand^c Bracelet^c Earring^c Pendant^c SkirtHoop^c

ClothingAcessoryBand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothingAcessoryBand`
Description	A 'ClothingAcessoryBand' is a LoopedBand intended to be worn on the body. It must be in a loop shape when worn; therfore a belt for trousers fits into this category. Hair bands, armbands, and rings are also instances. A rubber band used to hold head hair in a pony tail is also an instance, while it is being so used. `Includes noun senses 7 and 9 of 'band' in WordNet: 7. (1) band - (a thin flat strip of flexible material that is worn around the body or one of the limbs (especially to decorate the body)) 9. ring, band - (jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; 'she had rings on every finger'; 'he noted that she wore a wedding band')`
Super-classes	ClothingAccessory^c BandShapedObject^c
Sub-classes	Bracelet^c Sash^c Belt-Clothing^c Ring^c Garter^c

ClothingItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothingItem`
Description	A single connected article of clothing, such as one shoe, one shirt, or a pair of pants. Cyc: A specialization of #$Clothing-Generic. Each instance of #$ClothingItem is something that a person wears as a protective and/or decorative covering or ornament. Items of clothing are usually made of flexible materials, such as cloth, leather, or yarn. The collection #$ClothingItem contains primarily individual garments (e.g., instances of the collections #$Pants, #$Shirt, #$Coat, #$Shoe), together with pairs of shoes, socks, and gloves (since each wearer needs a pair). Jewelry, suspenders, belts, etc., are in the specialization #$ClothingAccessory. Note: outfits (esp. specialized outfits) made up of several individual items worn together belong to the collection #$ClothingOutfit, which is _not_ a specialization of #$ClothingItem but _is_ a specialization of the broader collection, #$SomethingToWear. WN See 'Clothes' for difference between 'clothes' and 'clothing' in WordNet. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'clothing' in WordNet: 1. (9) clothing, article of clothing, vesture, wear, wearable, habiliment - (a covering designed to be worn on a person's body)
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c BilaterallySymmetricObject^c OpaqueObject^c Clothing^c
Sub-classes	HairRibbon^c WomensHosiery^c WarmClothingItem^c OutdoorClothing^c ProtectiveClothing^c FootwearItem^c UnuseableClothingItem^c Camisole^c Glove^c ClothingAccessory^c Kimono^c Loincloth^c ExtraLargeGarment^c ReligiousClothing^c Jumper^c ChildrensClothing^c Coverall^c Garment^c

ClothingLining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothingLining`
Description	A ''ClothingLining'' is a ''Lining'' that protects the inside surface of a garment. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lining' in WordNet: 2. liner, lining - (a piece of cloth that is used as the inside surface of a garment)`
Super-classes	PieceOfCloth^c Lining^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf some Garment^c isSurroundedBy^op some Garment^c

ClothingOutfit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothingOutfit`
Description	A ''ClothingOutfit'' is a set of ''Attire'' (clothing) that can be a full 'outfit' with accessories, or just the largest and most prominent component(s). So a 'SuitOfClothing'' for a man may be just the jacket and pants, or may also include a tie, shoes, shirt,cufflinks, a belt, pins on the lapel, and other added items. This type of Group is usually designed to provide a Person with a specific appearance. This can be carefully designed or casually put together, with or without an intention to form an impression on others CYC: A specialization of both #$Clothing-Generic and #$Group. Each instance of #$ClothingOutfit is a group of clothing items (see the collection #$ClothingItem) that are intended to be worn together. An instance of #$ClothingOutfit may include some accessories, as well as garments. The different parts of an instance of #$ClothingOutfit are often sold together, rather than separately. Specializations of #$ClothingOutfit include #$MensSuit, #$Uniform, and #$Bikini. The term 'turnout' is not usually used for this concept,though it is referenced vaguely in RHW: 4. the manner or style in which a person or thing is equipped, dressed, etc. Perhaps we should Leave that term out until 'voter turnout' is represented, to avoid confusion? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'outfit' in WordNet: 2. (1) outfit, getup, rig, turnout - (a set of clothing (with accessories); 'his getup was exceedingly elegant')
Super-classes	Clothing^c ObjectGroup^c Attire^c
Restrictions	mayHavePart^op value ClothingAccessory^c
Sub-classes	SuitOfClothing^c Bikini^c Uniform^c SwimSuit^c TuxedoOutfit^c NunsHabit^c Ensemble^c

ClothingRod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothingRod`
Description	A ''ClothingRod'' is a ''Pole'' (a type of ''Rod'') that is oriented horizontally when in use (this type is for a functional ''ClothingRod'' in place were it can function as intended.), used as part of an ArtifactObject that is designed to support clothing. Typical is the ''ClothingRod'' in a clothes closet or a ''Wadrobe-Furniture''. `No obvious WN entry specifically for this type.`
Super-classes	Pole^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value CoatHanger^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Clothing^c

ClothingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClothingType`
Description	''ClothingType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type to specify relations on subtypes of ''SomethingToWear''.
Super-classes	ArtifactObjectType^c
Members	TuxedoJacket FormalShoe Shirt FashionableClothing ClothingOutfit PantLeg DressPants Kilt WearableItem SuitOfClothing Backpack SomethingToWear Purse Ensemble Jewelry SkirtBottom Harness-Human TuxedoShirt PinnableObject Sari Badge Necktie HeadHood Miniskirt Kurta SleeveOfGarment Tutu TuxedoShoe ShortSleeve Kimono Harness-Animal Holster BrassiereCup LongSleeveShirt Gown DressShirt Eyewear TuxedoOutfit Pants LongSkirtBottom SomethingToWearPart TuxedoPants Tuxedo DinnerJacket FormalWear BalletShoe LongPants Harness Clothing TraditionalClothing HoopSkirt Skirt

Clotting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clotting`
Description	''Clotting'' is a ''Clumping'' Action in which some some component substances in a LiquidSubstance gather together by chemical or physical forces (possibly assisted by a person or a natural agent or external event, such as heating or evaporation) to form solid but non-crystalline particles which may settle out or may ultimately merge (as in blood clotting) to make a solid of the whole original LiquidObject. ''BloodClotting'' and ''MilkCurdling'' are subtypes. `Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'clot' in WordNet: 1. (1) clot, coagulate - (change from a liquid to a thickened or solid state; 'coagulated blood') 2. clot, coagulate - (cause to change from a liquid to a solid or thickened state) 4. clog, clot - (coalesce or unite in a mass; 'Blood clots')`
Super-classes	Clumping^c
Sub-classes	BloodCoagulation^c

Cloud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloud`
Description	A 'Cloud' is the kind of cloud that one sees in the sky, composed of small particles of water or water ice.. This term is reserved for the common meaning of 'cloud'. for other kinds of 'cloud' use 'WaterCloud' or 'CloudlikObject' or another specialization of that Type. `CYC: 'CloudInTheSky': A specialization of #$CloudOfH2O. Each instance of #$CloudInSky is a cloud located in the sky over some instance of #$GeographicalRegion. Since #$CloudInSky is a specialization of #$CloudOfH2O, each instance of #$CloudInSky must be primarily composed of water particles. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'cloud' in WordNet: 2. (16) cloud - (a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude)`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c WaterCloud^c OutdoorObject^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Sub-classes	Contrail^c CirrusCloud^c

Cloudiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloudiness`
Description	''Cloudiness'' is the nominalized form of ''Cloudy'' - the ''EnvironmentalCondition'' (a ''PersistentState'') of having clouds - only used about the ''Sky''. This is interpreted as a 'PersistentState''. This differs from the hierarchy in CYC - that emphasizes the varied degree of cloudiness. If this were an ''AttributeType'' that would be similar. Perhaps some related Quantity could be added?? CYC: A specialization of #$Quantity-Weather. Each instance of #$Cloudiness is a measure of how overcast it is in a particular #$OutdoorLocation. At the low extreme (#$NoAmountFn #$Cloudiness), it is clear. At the high extreme (#$VeryHighAmountFn #$Cloudiness) it is completely overcast. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cloudiness' in WordNet: 2. cloudiness, cloud cover, overcast - (the state of the sky when it is covered by clouds)
Super-classes	EnvironmentalCondition^c ImmediateWeatherProcess^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cloudy^c

Cloudless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloudless

Description

A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having the sun obscured most of the time by clouds.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cloudless' in Wordnet:
         1. cloudless, unclouded - (free from clouds; 'under a cloudless sky')

Super-classes WeatherAttributeValue^c

CloudlessSky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CloudlessSky`
Description	A ''CloudlessSky'' is a ''View'' of the ''Sky'' when it has no clouds in it. `Cloest corresponding noun sense is part of sense 1 of 'blue sky' in WordNet: 1. blue sky, blue, blue air, wild blue yonder - (the sky as viewed during daylight; 'he shot an arrow into the blue')`
Super-classes	ImmediateWeatherProcess^c View^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value Sky^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cloudless^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Cloud^c

CloudlikeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CloudlikeObject`
Description	A cloud is a kind of #$Suspension that has air as the suspending fluid. It is of #$ObjectType. Things like clouds of locusts are metaphorical, and are not treated as clouds in the kb. See #$Suspension for the structure of the material out of which clouds are made. `NOTE: for a 'vapor' that is a gas produced by ''Vaporization'' use ''Vapor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vapor' in WordNet: 1. (6) vapor, vapour - (a visible suspension in the air of particles of some substance)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Suspension^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Visible^c
Sub-classes	WaterCloud^c SmokeObject^c Nebula^c DustCloud^c Mist^c

Cloudy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloudy

Description

A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having the sun obscured most of the time by clouds.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cloudy' in WordNet:
           3. cloudy - (full of or covered with clouds; 'cloudy skies')

Super-classes WeatherAttributeValue^c

Clout^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clout

Description

NOTE: ''Clout'' is a ''Capability'' which is an Attribute. this may be better represented as a ''SocialStature'' (a ''SocialState'')? @TODO.

        This capability is usually had because of the influential contacts that a
            Person has, rather than direct power.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clout' in WordNet:
           2. pull, clout - (special advantage or influence; 'the chairman's nephew has a lot of pull')

Super-classes Might-Social^c
AbilityToInfluencePeople^c

Clove^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clove`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clove' in WordNet: 1. clove - (aromatic flower bud of a clove tree; yields a spice)`
Super-classes	FlowerBud^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value GroundCloves^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FloweringPlant^c

CloveTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CloveTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clove tree' in WordNet: 1. clove, clove tree, Syzygium aromaticum, Eugenia aromaticum, Eugenia caryophyllatum - (moderate sized very symmetrical red-flowered evergreen widely cultivated in the tropics for its flower buds which are source of cloves)`
Super-classes	SpiceTree^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value GroundCloves^c naturallyProduces^op value Clove^c

Clover^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clover

Description

       RHW: 1. any of various plants of the genus Trifolium, of the legume family,
          having trifoliolate leaves and dense flower heads, many species of which,
          as T. pratense, are cultivated as forage plants.


      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clover' in WordNet:
         1. (1) clover, trefoil - (a plant of the genus Trifolium)

Super-classes Plant-NonWoody^c
HerbPlant^c
LegumeOrder^c
Legume-ThePlant^c

Cloves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cloves`
Description	`NOTE: the WN sense indicates that whole ''Clove''s are used as a spice, but so is the ground material. This is a substance consisting of some quantity of ''Clove''s, when used as a ''Spice''. When ground to a powder, the alternative 'clove' spice is represented by ''GroundCloves''. Corresponds to part noun sense 4 of 'clove' in WordNet: 4. clove - (spice from dried unopened flower bud of the clove tree; used whole or ground)`
Super-classes	Spice^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value GroundCloves^c hasUnitObject^op value Clove^c

Clown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clown`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clown' in WordNet: 2. (1) clown, buffoon, merry andrew - (a person who amuses others by ridiculous behavior)`
Super-classes	Comedian^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Clownish^c

Clownish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clownish

Description

''Clownish'' is an attribute of actions or people that intentionally amuse by performing actions that are visibly ridiculous and clearly not intended to be taken seriously.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clownish' in WordNet:
      1. buffoonish, clownish, clownlike, zany - (like a clown; 
         'a buffoonish walk'; 'a clownish face'; 'a zany sense of humor')

Super-classes Funny^c

Club^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Club`
Description	A general term for a longish rod or stick of some rigid material, used as a ''HandTool'' for various actions involving hitting something. The material can be anything rigid, usually wood, but in some cases metal. Perhaps stone for a primitive weapon? `Includes noun senses 3 and 5 of 'club' in WordNet: 3. (3) club - (stout stick that is larger at one end; 'he carried a club in self defense'; 'he felt as if he had been hit with a club') 5. (1) golf club, golf-club, club - (golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball)`
Super-classes	Stick^c Rod^c HandTool^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value HittingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	IndianClub^c GolfClub^c Club-Weapon^c BaseballBat^c

Club-TheCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Club-TheCard`
Description	This is the subcollection of #$PlayingCard that contains all of the cards which are clubs. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'club' in WordNet: 6. club - - (a playing card in the minor suit that has one or more black trefoils on it; 'he led a small club'; 'clubs were trumps')`
Super-classes	PlayingCard^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Clubs^c

Club-Weapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Club-Weapon`
Description	CYC: The collection of all clubs: rods/sticks of some rigid material used as weapons. `In CYC 'BluntWeapon' includes club and bludgeon: CYC 'BluntWeapon': A blunt weapon is used to bludgeon a victim in close quarters. A blunt weapon may be a club, nightstick, mace, hammer, staff, pipe, and etc. Includes noun sense 3 of 'club' and sense 1 of 'bludgeon' in WordNet: 3. (3) club - (stout stick that is larger at one end; 'he carried a club in self defense'; 'he felt as if he had been hit with a club') WN noun 'bludgeon': 1. (2) bludgeon - (a club used as a weapon)`
Super-classes	CloseQuarterCombatWeapon^c PrimitiveWeapon^c Club^c
Sub-classes	Nightstick^c

ClubbingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClubbingAnAnimal`
Description	To hit an Animal with a club-like object, often repeatedly. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'club' in WordNet: 3. club, bludgeon - (strike with a club or a bludgeon)`
Super-classes	HandlingAnObject^c BeatingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Club-Weapon^c requiredInstrument^op value Club-Weapon^c mayCause^op value InjuryCondition^c hadObjectHandled^op value Club-Weapon^c hadObjectMoved^op value Club-Weapon^c

Clubhouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clubhouse`
Description	A ''Clubhouse'' can be a whole building owned by a ''SocialOrganization'' (e.g. a Masonic Temple or Elks Lodge building) or a rented part of a building. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'clubhouse' in WordNet: 1. (2) clubhouse, club - (a building that is occupied by a social club; 'the clubhouse needed a new roof')`
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value SocialOrganization^c

Clubs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clubs`
Description	''Spades'' is one of the four subtypes of ''CardSuit''.
Super-classes	CardSuit^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Club-TheCard^c

Clue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clue

Description

This sense of ''Clue'' is some observation that suggests and answer to some question with more or less degree of strength.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clue' in WordNet:
       2. (2) clue, clew, cue - (evidence that helps to solve a problem)

Super-classes PhysicalEvidence^c

Clueless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clueless`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clueless' in Wordnet: 1. clueless - (totally uninformed about what is going on; not having even a clue from which to infer what is occurring)`
Super-classes	Uninformed^c

Clumping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clumping`
Description	''Clumping'' is an Action in which some Group of objects come together by internal forces, possibly assisted by a person or a natural agent,to form small ''Lump''s (clumps, clods) of material. The component Objects of the ''Lump'' may preexist as small objects or (as in clotting or curdling) may form in the process of the ''Clumping'' Event. `The ''Lump'' formed may be ''Unordered'' so 'crystallization'' forming ordered crystals is not a subtype of this type. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'clump' in WordNet: 4. bunch, bunch up, bundle, cluster, clump - (gather or cause to gather into a cluster; "She bunched her fingers into a fist")`
Super-classes	Gathering^c
Sub-classes	Curdling^c Clotting^c

Clumsily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clumsily`
Description	''Clumsily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Actions that are performed
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Clumsy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clumsy

Description

'Clumsy' is an attribute of people or actions, characterizing the manner in which people perform actions, specifically that the action lacks grace, and appears or is inefficient and inexpert.

      NOTE:  'ungainly' seems to have other meanings as opposite of 'graceful', e.g. 'prose style':
        RHW 'ungainly': not graceful; awkward; unwieldy; clumsy: 
              an ungainly child; an ungainly prose style.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clumsy' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) gawky, clumsy, clunky, ungainly, unwieldy - (lacking grace
             in movement or posture; 'a gawky lad with long ungainly legs';
             'clumsy fingers'; 'what an ungainly creature a giraffe is';
             'heaved his unwieldy figure out of his chair')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ClumsyPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClumsyPerson`
Description	A ''ClumsyPerson'' is a Person whose actions are not efficient and smooth, and tends to bump into things or drop things or generally not perform motor actions well. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clumsy person' an approximately to one sense of the Yidish term 'klutz' in Wordnet: 1. clumsy person - (a person with poor motor coordination) WN 'klutz': 1. klutz - ((Yiddish) a clumsy dolt)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Clumsy^c
Sub-classes	Spaz^c Oaf^c

Cluster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cluster`
Description	A ''Cluster'' is a Group of three or more PhysicalObjects, closely related in space or time, but not necessarily connected; for a 'bunch' that is connected, like a bunch of bananas, use ''Bunch''. A ''Cluster'' should be physically or visually (from some perspective) close to each other, and this distinguishes a ''Cluster'' from a more general Group. For 'many' (4 or more) things that are not necessarily physically proximate, use 'LotOfThings'. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'bunch' in RHW: 2. a group of things: a bunch of papers. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'cluster' in Wordnet: 1. (11) bunch, clump, cluster, clustering - (a grouping of a number of similar things; 'a bunch of trees'; 'a cluster of admirers')
Super-classes	PluralThing^c LocalGroup^c
Sub-classes	TuftOfStrands^c ClusterOfAnimals^c Bunch^c GroupOfStars^c AssemblageOfPeople^c

ClusterOfAnimals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClusterOfAnimals`
Description	Each ''ClusterOfAnimals'' is a ''GroupOfAnimals'' that has assembled together in close proximity (into a ''Cluster'') by a ''ClusteringTogether'' Action.
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c Cluster^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ClusteringTogether^c hasComponentElement^op only Animal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Clustered^c
Sub-classes	Flock^c PackOfAnimals^c WolfPack^c Herd^c

Clustered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clustered

Description

''Clustered'' is the AttributeValue of some ''Group'' of ''Object''s (physical or Abstract) that have locations (in some space) that are closer to each other than other similar groups, or other objects in the same space. This can be used for ''PhysicalObject''s or for abstract things like data points, whether on some physical graph or in an abstract mathematical space. This kind of arangement can arise from any cause, including intentional 'clustering'as a mathematical technique, or animals moving together (''ClusteringTogether'') to form a ''ClusterOfAnimals'' .

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'clustered' in Wordnet:
           2. bunched, bunchy, clustered - (occurring close together in bunches or clusters)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ClusteringTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClusteringTogether`
Description	''ClusteringTogether'' is a 'GatheringTogether' Event in which two or more animals (including people) intentionally move from being more distant to being together in close contact within some definable Region. `NOTE that this is a ''PurposefulAction''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cluster' in WordNet: 1. (4) cluster, constellate, flock, clump - (come together as in a cluster or flock; "The poets constellate in this town every summer")`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c GatheringTogether^c
Restrictions	produced^op some ClusterOfAnimals^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value GroupOfAnimals^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Clustered^c

Clutter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Clutter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clutter' in WordNet: 1. clutter, jumble, muddle, fuddle, mare's nest, welter, smother - (a confused multitude of things)`
Super-classes	Disorder^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value ObjectGroup^c

Co-Owner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Co-Owner`
Description	A ''Co-Owner'' is a Person or other legal agent (e.g. corporation) who owns part ('part interest') of something, the size of the shares being defiend by some legal agreement. `No sense for 'co-owner' in WordNet.`
Super-classes	Owner^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Ownership^c owns^op some (ValuableThing^c or ObjectType^c)

CoFounder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoFounder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cofounder' in WordNet: 1. cofounder - (one of a group of founders)`
Super-classes	Founder^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value CoFounders^c

CoFounders^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoFounders`
Description	`Each ''CoFounders'' is a GroupOfPeople who jointly founded (and thus co-founded) some Organization.`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FoundingAnOrganization^c hasMember^op min 2

CoLocatedContestants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoLocatedContestants`
Description	A ''CoLocatedContestants'' is a 'GroupOfContestants' that are all present at a location where the ''ConflictEvent'' occurs. `This is for a //ConflictEvent'' such as a battle or a sports game where all the players have to be present physically in the same feld of battle.`
Super-classes	GroupOfContestants^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some GenericLocation^c

CoStar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoStar

Description

A ''ostar'' is one of twoor more ''StarActor''s (usually nomore than two or three) who have the most prominent ('principle') Roles in a Play or Movie.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'co-star' in WordNet:
          1. co-star - (one of two actors who are given equal status as stars in a play or film)

Super-classes StarActor^c

CoWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoWorker`
Description	A ''CoWorker'' is a ''Colleague'' (a ''Worker'') who works closely together in contact with other person(s) toward a common Goal. Not just a fellow employee `NOTE that the parent ''Colleague'' does not require in-person contact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'co-worker' in WordNet: 1. (3) colleague, co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow - (an associate you work with)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Colleague^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WorkingTogether^c
Sub-classes	Teammate^c

CoachingAthletes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoachingAthletes`
Description	''CoachingAthletes'' is an Action in which some person (often formally called a ''Coach'') provides information to help ''Athlete''s achieve better performance. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'coach' and sense 7 of 'train' in WordNet: 1. (1) coach, train - (teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports; 'He is training our Olympic team'; 'She is coaching the crew') WN noun 'training': 1. (71) training, preparation, grooming - (activity leading to skilled behavior)`
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c TrainingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some Athlete^c

Coal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coal`
Description	Carbonized vegetable matter, usually black, usually used as fuel. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coal' in Wordnet: 1. (5) coal - (fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period)`
Super-classes	FossilFuel^c MineralResource^c SolidSubstance^c NaturalTangibleStuff^c OrganicSubstance^c NaturalResourceSubstance^c CombustibleFuelSubstance^c
Sub-classes	BituminousCoal^c Lignite^c Anthracite^c

CoalCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoalCar`
Description	A ''CoalCar'' is a ''FreightCar'' designed to transport Coal. It has an open top, and the coal may be piled so that part of the pile is visibe above the topedge of the sides. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coal car' in Wordnet: 1. coal car - (freight car with fixed sides and no roof; for transporting coal)`
Super-classes	OpenTopContainer^c FreightCar^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Coal^c

CoalMine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoalMine`
Description	A ''CoalMine'' is a ''Mine'' (including an open pit or mountaintop removal facility) where ''Coal'' is extracted from the ground. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coal mine' in WordNet: 1. coal mine, coalpit - (a mine where coal is dug from the ground)`
Super-classes	Mine^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Coal^c typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value CoalMining^c

CoalMining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoalMining`
Description	Extracting ''Coal'' from the earth, whether from an undergrond mine or open-pit, or mountaintop removal.
Super-classes	Mining^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value CoalMine^c hasPurposeOfObtaining^op value Coal^c

Coalition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coalition`
Description	A ''Coalition' is an Organization of IntelligentAgents that could be individual people, other Organizations, or Nations, the purpose of whichis to support each other in achieving some mutually desirable goals. This type is for non-commercial groups supporting some political or ideological causes, or,in the usual case for Nations forming an 'alliance', for mutual defense against possible military threats. Nations may form alliances for other purposes e.g. the 'Alliance For Progress'. That makes it difficult to specify the difference between a ''Coalition'' and other types of Organization - basically, a ''Coalition'' or ''Alliance'' is whatever its members call a'coalition' or 'alliance'. If there is a 'Treaty' between countries,then there is an Alliance or Coalition. `A''Treaty'' or 'pact' would be 'part' of an alliance between Nations since Organizations are not merely groups of agents, but have multiple associated components specified by their charter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coalition' in WordNet: 1. (1) alliance, coalition, alignment, alinement - (an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty)`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	mayHavePart^op value Treaty^c
Sub-classes	BlocOfNations^c

Coarse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coarse

Description

Having a granularity that is very large; of substances (including granular substances) or of texture on surfaces. This attribute can be interpreted relative to the norm for the substance being described; all gravel is 'Course' relative to sand, but 'coarse gravel' would be of even larger than typical gravel particles.

  For 'coarse' as in 'coarse manners' use 'Vulgar'.

  @ToDo: as of rev1203, the levels of granularity have not been ordered.

  See also 'hasGranularity' and 'Homogeneous'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coarse' in WordNet:
      1. (1) coarse, harsh - (of textures that are rough to the touch or 
         substances consisting of relatively large particles; 
         'coarse meal'; 'coarse sand'; 'a coarse weave')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CoarseMeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoarseMeal`
Description	This is only the food ingredient, not a whole 'meal' comprising various prepared food - for that use ''Meal''. in WordNet: 3. meal - (coarsely ground foodstuff; especially seeds of various cereal grasses or pulse)
Super-classes	SolidFood^c GranularSubstance^c FoodIngredientOnly^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	ShreddedWheat^c Oatmeal^c

Coarsely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coarsely

Description

''Coarsely'' is an AdverbialModifier, that pertains to a Manner of grinding materials so at to produce a ''GranularSubstance'' - if the resulting particles are larger than they might be with a different process, then they have been ground ''Coarsely'' rather than finely. This may also be used to modify adjectives that pertain to a ''GranularSubstance'' or to a surface texture.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'coarsely' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) coarsely - (in coarse pieces; 'the surfaces were coarsely granular')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Coast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coast`
Description	The shore of a sea. This includes the WN subtype 'seaside'. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'coast' and sense 1 of 'seaside' in WordNet: 1. (20) seashore, coast, seacoast, sea-coast - (the shore of a sea or ocean) WN noun 'seaside': 1. seaside, seaboard - (the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort)`
Super-classes	Shore^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some Sea^c

Coastal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coastal

Description

''Coastal'' pertains to a ''Coast'' or anything located near a Coast or characteristic of or happening near a ''Coast''.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2of 'coastal' in WordNet:
        1. (1) coastal - (of or relating to a coast; 'coastal erosion')
        2. (1) coastal - (located on or near or bordering on a coast; 
          'coastal marshes'; 'coastal waters'; 'the Atlantic coastal plain')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CoastalDivingBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoastalDivingBird`
Description	e.g. Gulls and terns. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coastal diving bird' in WordNet: 1. coastal diving bird - (gull family; skimmer family; jaeger family; auk family)`
Super-classes	Seabird^c
Sub-classes	Larid^c

CoastalWaters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoastalWaters`
Description	''CoastalWaters'' is that part of an Ocean near enough to the shoreline to be able to see the land. This includes inlets, bays, and other bodies of water directly connected to the Ocean.
Super-classes	Habitat^c BodyOfSaltWater^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Ocean^c isAdjacentTo^op value Shoreline^c

CoasterForDrink^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoasterForDrink

Description

Some coasters are square, so they are not necessarily Disks. Even is it has an upturned edge, it is approximately sheetlike.

         Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'coaster' in WordNet:
           3. coaster - (a covering (plate or mat) that protects the surface of a table 
             (i.e., from the condensation on a cold glass or bottle))

Super-classes ProtectiveSystem^c
SmallRigidSheet^c

Coastline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coastline`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coastline' in WordNet: 1. coastline - (the outline of a coast) WN 'shoreline': 1. shoreline - (a boundary line between land and water)`
Super-classes	BoundaryLine^c Outline^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value ShoreAndWater^c

Coat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coat`
Description	Outerwear intended to cover at least the torso and arms, and possibly the legs as well. Coats have sleeves, but not legs. `SUMO: Clothing that has sleeves and covers from the neck down. Coats are intended to be worn outdoors. Therefore LabCoat is not a subtype. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'coat' in WordNet: 1. (264) coat - (an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors)`
Super-classes	OutdoorClothing^c OuterGarment^c EnvelopingCovering^c WarmClothingItem^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Torso^c
Sub-classes	Jacket^c WinterCoat^c RainCoat^c Overcoat^c FurCoat^c

CoatHanger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoatHanger`
Description	A ''CoatHanger'' is a ''Hanger'' that is a v-shaped rigid or semi-rigid object that has a hook-like component at the point of the 'V', which can be used to hold objects and allow them to be suspended from a horizontal ''ClothingRod'' or from a fixed hook like a ''ClothesHook''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coat hanger' in WordNet: 1. coat hanger, clothes hanger, dress hanger - (a hanger that is shaped like a person's shoulders and used to hang garments on)`
Super-classes	Hook^c Hanger^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value ClothingRod^c

CoatTail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoatTail`
Description	The hanging rear part of a coat that has tails - usually only formal wear.
Super-classes	SomethingToWearPart^c Protrusion^c HangingDownPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Coat^c

Coated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coated`
Description	'Coated' is the AttributeValue of a SolidObject where the surface of the Object has some substance applied to it or spread on it, intentionally or not. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coated' in Wordnet: 1. (1) coated - (having a coating; covered with an outer layer or film; often used in combination; 'coated paper has a smooth polished coating especially suitable for halftone printing'; 'sugar-coated pills')`
Super-classes	Covered^c
Sub-classes	Painted^c

Coating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coating`
Description	A 'Coating' is a thin film of some substance attached by bonding forces or by gravity to some solid surface. The prototypical 'coat' or 'coating' would be a coat of paint on an object, but a 'coating' of dust settled on a horizontal surface is included in this type. The restriction requires that the substance making up the Coating be specified. A Coating can be temporary, such as a coating of oil on a surface. Subtypes may be needed, expecially for paint. The 'Coating' may be applied as a solid sheet (as in Sheffield Plate for silver) or as a liquid which may or may not dry. Dust particles may accumulate or settle without any human intention. This Coating may be part of a physical object (the paint on a car or a wall), or may just be 'attached' loosely, like dust on a surface (it shouldn't all fall off under gravity if the surface is inverted - though some of the Coating may fall off). The special relation 'isaSurfaceCoatingOn' is created to relate this type to its base. The part that a Coating attached to is a 'SurfaceOnTangibleObject'. @ToDo: it is unclear at present (v973) how to specify this relation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coat' and sense 1 of 'coating' in WordNet: 2. (77) coating, coat - (a thin layer covering something; 'a second coat of paint')
Super-classes	Layer^c SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c hasShape^op value SheetLike^c isaSurfaceCoatingOn^op some SolidObject^c isLocatedAt^op value OuterPhysicalSurface^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c
Sub-classes	DustCoating^c PavedSurface^c CoatingOfSilver^c PaintCoating^c

CoatingMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoatingMaterial`
Description	An ArtificialSubstance that is intended to be applied to a surface of a PhysicalObject and to stick to the surface (often but not necessarily drying out there, as paint), to impart certain properties to the surface. `Note that natural substances, when removed from their natural setting and made useful for human purposes, are then 'ArtificialSubstances'.`
Super-classes	ConsumableProduct^c
Sub-classes	BrowLiner^c Makeup^c Frosting^c CeramicGlaze^c FoodGlaze^c Paint^c Varnish^c TopicallyAppliedSubstance^c Ointment^c MetalGlaze^c

CoatingOfSilver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoatingOfSilver`
Description	A ''CoatingOfSilver'' is a 'Coating' mostly consisting of ''Silver''. For the coating produced by ''SilerPlating'' use subtype ''SilverPlate''.
Super-classes	Coating^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Silver^c
Sub-classes	SilverPlate^c

Coauthor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coauthor`
Description	A ''Coauthor'' is an 'Author' who is one of the ''Author''s of a ConceptualWork. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coauthor' in WordNet: 1. coauthor, joint author - (a writer who collaborates with others in writing something)`
Super-classes	Author^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value Coauthors^c practicesOccupation^op value ProfessionalAuthoring^c

Coauthors^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coauthors`
Description	This ''Coauthors'' is a Group of ''Coauthor''s who have authored some specific ''ConceptualWork'' that is a ''WrittenWork''. For instantiating an instance of this type,the specific ''WrittenWork'' needs to be specified. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coauthor' in WordNet: 1. coauthor, joint author - (a writer who collaborates with others in writing something)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c Author^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Coauthor^c hasMember^op only Coauthor^c createsObject^op some WrittenWork^c

Cobalt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cobalt

Description

''Cobalt'' is a PhysicalSubstance. In CYC it is an Object: CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of cobalt.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cobalt' in WordNet:
         1. cobalt, Co, atomic number 27 - (a hard ferromagnetic
            silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Cobra^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cobra

Description

Native to Africa and Asia.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cobra' in WordNet:
        1. cobra - (venomous Asiatic and African elapid snakes that can expand the skin
           of the neck into a hood)

Super-classes VenomousSnake^c

CocaCola^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CocaCola`
Description	`This is for the substance ''Coca Cola'' - the SodaPop. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Coca Cola' in WordNet: 1. (1) Coca Cola, Coke - (Coca Cola is a trademarked cola)`
Super-classes	SodaPop^c
Sub-classes	DietCoke^c

Cocaine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cocaine

Description

CYC: #$Cocaine is a naturally occurring substance present in the leaves of the #$CocaPlant. Pharmacologically, #$Cocaine has two prominent actions: it is a potent #$LocalAnesthetic, and it is a powerful #$Stimulant. Psychotropically, #$Cocaine inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain, causing alertness and heightened energy, a sense of euphoria, decreased anxiety and social inhibitions, and heightened sexuality. Side-effects include addiction, anxiety, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, and possibly paranoia. #$Cocaine has been used in South America for more than 3,000 years and in the United States since the 19th century in a variety of forms: coca leaves, coca paste, #$Cocaine-Powder, and cocaine base (e.g., freebase and #$Cocaine-Crack).

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocaine' in WordNet:
            1. (1) cocaine, cocain - (a narcotic (alkaloid) 
               extracted from coca leaves; used as a surface anesthetic or taken for pleasure; 
               can become powerfully addictive)

Super-classes AddictiveSubstance^c
IllegalDrug^c
LocalAnesthetic^c
Alkaloid^c
Stimulant^c

Coccus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coccus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coccus' in WordNet: 1. coccus, cocci - (any spherical or nearly spherical bacteria)`
Super-classes	Bacterium^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Spherical^c
Sub-classes	Streptococcus^c Staphylococcus^c

Coccyx^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coccyx`
Description	Several Vertebrae fused together into one, forming the end of the ''SpinalColumn'' in humans. `RHW: 1. a small triangular bone forming the lower extremity of the spinal column in humans, consisting of four ankylosed rudimentary vertebrae. See diag. under spinal column. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coccyx' in WordNet: 1. coccyx, tail bone - (the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes)`
Super-classes	Vertebra^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value SpinalColumn^c

Cochlea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cochlea`
Description	CYC: The collection of all cochlea. Each #$Cochlea is a tube (#$AnatomicalVessel)that is part of an #$InnerEar which spirals through a #$TemporalBone. Hairs in a #$Cochlea detect sound. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cochlea' in WordNet: 1. cochlea - (the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the organ of Corti)`
Super-classes	AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Snail^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Ear^c hasShape^op value TubeShaped^c

Cochlear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cochlear

Description

''Cochlear'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Cochlea''

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cochlear' in Wordnet:
        1. cochlear - (of or relating to the cochlea of the ear; 'cochlear implant')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Cock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cock`
Description	The adult male of any Bird. For the adult male Chicken use subtype 'Rooster'. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'cock' in Wordnet: 5. cock - (adult male bird)`
Super-classes	Bird^c MaleAnimal^c AdultAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Rooster^c

Cockatiel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cockatiel

Description

CYC: A collection of small Parrots living in the #$ContinentOfAustralia. Their scientific name is Nymphicus hollandicus.

      NOTE: CYC has this as a family, and WN as a species.  We represent it as the
        species and family.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockatiel' in WordNet:
          1. cockateel, cockatiel, cockatoo parrot, Nymphicus hollandicus - 
              (small grey Australian parrot with a yellow crested head)

Super-classes Parrot^c

Cockatoo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cockatoo

Description

A type of parrot originally from the Australasian area which is frequently kept as a pet.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockatoo' in WordNet:
         1. (1) cockatoo - (white or light-colored crested parrot of 
             the Australian region; often kept as cage birds)

Super-classes Parrot^c

CockerSpaniel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CockerSpaniel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocker spaniel' in WordNet: 1. cocker spaniel, English cocker spaniel, cocker - (a small breed with a wavy silky hair originally developed in England)`
Super-classes	Spaniel^c

Cockiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cockiness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockiness' in WordNet: 1. bumptiousness, cockiness, pushiness, forwardness - (offensive boldness and assertiveness)`
Super-classes	Nerviness^c Assertiveness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Cocky^c

Cockpit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cockpit`
Description	A ''Cockpit'' is the ''Compartment'' in an ''Airplane'' where the Pilot sits and controls the ''Airplane''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockpit' in WordNet: 1. (2) cockpit - (compartment where the pilot sits while flying the aircraft)`
Super-classes	Compartment^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op value Airplane^c

Cockroach^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cockroach

Description

Often associated with unclean living quarters, but common in warm climates. Typically black or brown.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockroach' in WordNet:
        1. (1) cockroach, roach - (any of numerous 
           chiefly nocturnal insects; some are domestic pests)

Super-classes Scavenger^c
Insect^c
Vermin^c
TerrestrialOrganism^c

CocktailDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CocktailDrink`
Description	CYC: The collection of cocktail drinks, mixture of #$AlcoholicBeverages, #$FlavoringCompounds and often #$Juice, typically served as refreshments preceding or accompanying a meal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocktail' in WordNet: 1. cocktail - (a short mixed drink)`
Super-classes	MixedDrink^c
Sub-classes	Daiquiri^c PinaColada^c Margarita^c Martini^c

Cocky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cocky

Description

''Cocky'' is an intensive aand excessive subAttribute of ''SelfConfident''.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cocky' in Wordnet:
            1. (3) cocky - (overly self-confident or self-assertive; 'a very cocky young man')

Super-classes SelfConfident^c

CocoaBean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CocoaBean`
Description	One Cocoa bean. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocoa bean' in Wordnet: 1. cacao bean, cocoa bean - (seed of the cacao tree; ground roasted beans are source of chocolate)`
Super-classes	Seed^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CacaoTree^c canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Chocolate^c

Coconut^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coconut

Description

The fruit of the coconut palm tree.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coconut' in WordNet:
           2. (1) coconut, cocoanut - (large hard-shelled oval 
              nut with a fibrous husk containing thick white meat
              surrounding a central cavity filled (when fresh) with fluid or milk)

Super-classes EdibleNut^c

CoconutMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoconutMeat`
Description	The meat of the ''Coconut''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coconut' in WordNet: 1. (3) coconut, coconut meat - (the edible white meat a coconut; often shredded for use in e.g. cakes and curries)`
Super-classes	Food^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Coconut^c

CoconutOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoconutOil`
Description	Oil pressed from the dried white flesh of coconuts; also called palm oil. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coconut oil' in WordNet: 1. coconut oil, copra oil - (oil from coconuts)`
Super-classes	VegetableOil^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Coconut^c

CoconutPalm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoconutPalm

Description

A ''CoconutPalm'' is a Palm trees whose fruit is a ''Coconut''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coconut palm' in WordNet:
        1. coconut, coconut palm, coco palm, coco, cocoa palm, coconut tree,
          Cocos nucifera - (tall palm tree bearing coconuts as fruits; widely planted throughout the tropics)

Super-classes PalmTree^c

Cocoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cocoon`
Description	Containers secreted by some insects in which they pupate. Cocoons are spun out of fibers, or ''silk''. `Add ref to 'pupation'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocoon' in WordNet: 1. (1) cocoon - (silky envelope spun by the larvae of many insects to protect pupas and by spiders to protect eggs)`
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c AnimalCovering^c ProtectiveObject^c Container^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Silky^c containsManyOfObjectType^op some Fiber^c hasThingProtected^op value Pupa^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Secretion-Bodily^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value InsectLarva^c

CodFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodFish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'codfish' in WordNet: 2. cod, codfish - (major food fish of arctic and cold-temperate waters)`
Super-classes	Soft-finnedFish^c EdibleFish^c Fish^c

Coda^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coda`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coda' in WordNet: 1. finale, coda - (the closing section of a musical composition)`
Super-classes	AbstractEvent^c Procedure^c AudioConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op value MusicalComposition^c isaProperPartOf^op value MusicalComposition^c

Code^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Code`
Description	A Code is an ordered Group of symbols, at least one of which is the CodeSymbol (usually a CodeString) and at least one other being the explanation or interpretation of the CodeSymbol (the 'CodeDescription'). We adopt the convention that a Code is always part of a CodeList, even if there is only one element in the List. A Code should never be used unless the CodeList and CodingAuthority are also specified. A CodeList will sometimes be included in a CodeSpecification, which has additional explanatory information on the usage of the CodeList. But a Codelist may simply be a CodeTable in a database, which may have only two columns, the CodeString and the CodeDescription; the CodingAuthority for a CodeTable can be the DatabaseAdministrator. `NOTE: a system of encoding, often commonly called a 'Code' is represented as the parent ''CodingSystem''.`
Super-classes	CodingSystem^c List^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op some CodeSymbol^c isInList^op some CodeList^c
Sub-classes	BarCode^c
In domain of	containsCodeDescription^op codeHasDescription^dp containsCodeString^op
In range of	containsCode^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEXCODE_m http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEXCODE_F http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEXCODE_f http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEXCODE_M

CodeDescription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeDescription`
Description	A CodeDescription is an AbstractString containing a description or definition of the meaning of a CodeSymbol. Every Code must have a CodeDescription.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
In range of	containsCodeDescription^op

CodeEnumeration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeEnumeration`
Description	A CodeEnumeration is an Enumeration (of code strings) contained in a database model or schema, in which the individual strings (or numbers) are intended as codes representing something else - for example, longer versions of the (abbreviated) strings, or other entities which for some reason are not referred to as full entities in the database. `NOTE that this is a list of CodeStrings, not of Codes.`
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only CodeString^c

CodeList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeList`
Description	A CodeList is a list of Codes, each Code is a Group of elements containing at least a CodeString and the meaning of the CodeString, with possibly other elements The internal structure of a Code not yet fully defined (v0.2). The relations should be: (1) each CodeString is an element of a (Group) Code, and (2) each Code isInList (some CodeList). NOTE that some CodeString might be assigned by more than one CodingAuthority, meaning that the same code may mean different things for different CodingAuthorities and on different CodeLists. The meaning must be found by referencing the specific CodeList used. In the event that the same code is used in one system (ontology or application) to mean different things, the amiguity must be resolved by specifying a CodeList as the parent Type for each data instance represented as a Code. This is important where numbers are used as Codes in databases; each such number will be an instance of a CodeString from a CodeList (which will often be represented as an enumeration in a data model). Thus an enumeration in a data model functions (and may be represented) as a CodeList.
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	containsCode^op only Code^c enablesOrAssists^op value DatabaseCreation^c enablesOrAssists^op value DatabaseSearching^c
Sub-classes	OrganizationIdentificationCodeList^c CodeTable^c
In domain of	hasUniquePrefix^op containsCode^op
In range of	isPartOfCodeList^op columnValuesAreCodeInCodeList^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ISO3166CountryCodes3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexCodes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ISO3166CountryCodes2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TruthCodes

CodeListPrefix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeListPrefix`
Description	Each CodeListPrefix is an AbstractString that is unique in the ontology, and serves as a prefix that will make each CodeString represented in the ontology as a unique ontology element, with a unique meaning, even if the string of characters constituting the CodeString is used many times over with different meanings.
Super-classes	NamespacePrefix^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value DatabaseSearching^c enablesOrAssists^op value DatabaseCreation^c
In range of	hasUniquePrefix^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#URL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TEL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LANG_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NUC_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ADDR_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BLDG_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RACE_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEX_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CCN_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC3_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#POL_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CEL_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ETHNIC_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZIP http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NCC_

CodeNumber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeNumber

Description

CodeNumber is a CodeString which is an IntegerString. As a convention for convenience, each CodeNumber must be prefixed by the capital letters 'CN', and the number itself will follow those two letters. This permits the creation of individual CodeNumbers as instance of this class, with legitimate individual names (numbers alone are not permitted in OWL). A CodeNumber with 'CN' in the name must conform to that syntax, so the system can recognize the number even if it has no assigned system String.

    NOTE that this convention is used because there is a distinction between
    the representations of strings that are instances of an 'AbstractString'
    Type and strings that are encoded as system datatypes, though they
    are fundamentally the same conceptual entities.  This is an implementation
    issue.

Super-classes CodeString^c
IntegerString^c

CodeOfEthics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeOfEthics`
Description	A ''CodeOfEthics'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' accepted (usually voluntarily) by some community as representing proper guidance for behavior that is considered ''Moral''. and/or ''Honorable''. NOTE: at this point there is little distinction between 'Honor' and ''Morality'', which might be discriminated when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethical code' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'ethic' in WordNet: 1. ethic, ethical code - (a system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct) WN noun 'ethic': 1. (2) ethic, moral principle, value-system, value orientation - (the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group; 'the Puritan ethic'; 'a person with old-fashioned values')
Super-classes	SystemOfRules^c
Restrictions	ableToAffect^op value BehaviorTowardOthers^c hasTopic^op value PersonalEthics^c hasTopic^op value Honor^c hasTopic^op value Morality^c

CodeSpecification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeSpecification`
Description	A CodeSpecification is an AbstractDocument that contains a CodeList and will typically contain some other explanatory materials such as who created the CodeList, and how and in what circumstances the Codes are to be used. `NOTE the restriction: every CodeSpecification contains a CodeList.`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c Specification^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value CodingSystem^c containsSymbolicObject^op some CodeList^c
Sub-classes	organization identification code^c

CodeString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeString`
Description	Each CodeString is an AbstractString that represents a Code that was created by some CodingAuthority to represent some other word, phrase, or concept. Every CodeString must be part of a CodeList and must have a CodingAuthority who created it, defined it, and maintains it. What is commonly called a 'Code' is here referred to as a CodeString. A CodeString may be a number. NOTE: that the name of each instance of CodeString in this ontology must be unique; therefore, the name of the CodeString is created by prefixing a code string prefix to the actual string that serves as the code. The actual code itself can be recovered by using the 'representsCode' datatype relation. NOTE that some CodeString might be assigned by more than one CodingAuthority, meaning that the same code may mean different things for different CodingAuthorities and on different CodeLists. The meaning must be found by referencing the specific CodeList used. In the event that the same code is used in one system (ontology or application) to mean different things, the amiguity must be resolved by specifying a CodeList as the parent Type for each data instance represented as a Code. This is important where numbers are used as Codes in databases; each such number will be an instance of a CodeString from a CodeList (which will often be represented as an enumeration in a data model). Thus an enumeration in a data model functions (and may be represented) as a CodeList. COSMO-ToDo: The internal structure of codes and code lists had not yet been fully described or axiomatized.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c CodeSymbol^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value DatabaseCreation^c codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority^op some CodingAuthority^c isPartOfCodeList^op some CodeList^c enablesOrAssists^op value DatabaseSearching^c
Sub-classes	CodeNumber^c PostalCode^c HullNumber^c
In domain of	codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority^op isPartOfCodeList^op
In range of	containsCodeString^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ST http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_EE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_true http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_VG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_DO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GQ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_Av http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_DZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_n http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_RW http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_False http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC3_USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ZW http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEX_m http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_VU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MW http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LB http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_YES http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TV http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KW http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_RE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_UY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BJ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_EG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ID http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SV http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_DE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_RO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_WS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TJ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_JM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_US http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ZA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SJ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_UG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ZR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_VN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_FO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BB http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_Sb http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MQ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ZM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MX http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_Yes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_IN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_HR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_VE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CX http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_HK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BV http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_NO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GB http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_DM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_UM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_HM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_yes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_IO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_QA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TW http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_DJ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_EC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_YU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_HU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_VA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_HN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_UA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_IE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEX_F http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_DK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_No http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_N http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KP http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CV http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MP http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_VC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BW http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_YE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GP http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_RU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_FI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_JO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_UK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_y http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AQ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEX_M http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_IT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_FK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SEX_f http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_IL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MV http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_True http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LV http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_UZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_FX http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_VI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_KY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_f http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_FM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GW http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_OM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NP http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PW http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_EH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_IQ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CB http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_T http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_FR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MZ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_PR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_YT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ET http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_LK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ER http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ES http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_WF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_BO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_AN http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_TP http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_IR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_FJ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_JP http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_F http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_ML http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_NE http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_GU http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_Y http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_IS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_HT http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_MK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_false http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_CG http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CC2_SD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TORF_no

CodeSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeSymbol`
Description	A CodeSymbol is an AbstractSymbol created for the purpose of serving as the symbol element of a Code.
Super-classes	AbstractSymbol^c
Sub-classes	CountryCode2^c CountryCode3^c CodeString^c

CodeTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodeTable`
Description	A CodeTable is a table contained in a database, in which the individual strings (or numbers) that are used as CodeStrings in that database are defined. The CodeTable must contain, in each row, at least the CodeString and its meaning, but may contain many other columns with other information about each CodeString. `The column in a CodeTable that names the ontology entity represented by the Code may all be of a common type, and in that case the common type may be specified by using the relation 'columnValuesHaveType' on that column, to point to the common type. If there is no common type (the aluoes may themselves be names of ontology types), this relation need not be used. In a CodeTable, each row of the Table represents one Code, and each cell is one element in the list which is the Code.`
Super-classes	CodeList^c DatabaseTable^c
In range of	columnValuesAreCodeInCodeTable^op

Coded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coded

Description

''Coded'' is the attribute of something that resulted from an ''Encoding'' Action.

        No WN adj sense for 'coded'

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Codex^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Codex

Description

A ''Codex'' is a (usually) older (ancient or medieval) ''Manuscript'' that is organized as leaves of pages - whether or not bound in some way. This contrasts with 'scroll' which is the traditional form of ancient books.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'codex' in WordNet:
          2. codex, leaf-book - (an unbound manuscript of
            some ancient classic (as distinguished from a scroll))

Super-classes Manuscript^c

Codification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Codification`
Description	A Codification'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' created by an Authority to regulate Behavior of some GroupOfPeople. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'codification' in WordNet: 2. (1) code, codification - (a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones))`
Super-classes	SystemOfRules^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Rule^c

Codifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Codifying`
Description	''Codifying'' is a ''Systematizing'' that creates a ''Codification''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'codify' in Wordnet: 1. (1) codify - (organize into a code or system, such as a body of law; 'Hammurabi codified the laws')`
Super-classes	Systematizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Codification^c

CodingAuthority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodingAuthority`
Description	A CodingAuthority is an Authority who has created a CodeList.
Super-classes	Authority^c
In range of	codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#US_PostOffice http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#COSMO_WorkingGroup http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternationalStandardsOrganization

CodingSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CodingSystem`
Description	`Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'coding system' (includes codes not just for numbers but for concepts of arbitrary complexity) in WordNet: 1. coding system - (a system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messages)`
Super-classes	Information-encoding-system^c
Sub-classes	Code^c

Coefficient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coefficient`
Description	This ''Coefficient'' is a constant number that relates two measureable quantities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coefficient' in WordNet: 1. (14) coefficient - (a constant number that serves as a measure of some property or characteristic)`
Super-classes	ConstantMathematicalQuantity^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Equation^c
Sub-classes	CorrelationCoefficient^c

Coelomate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coelomate`
Description	A specialization of #$MulticellularOrganism and #$Animal. This is the collection of (individual) organisms that have three well-defined derm layers, an ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, and posses a coelem. A coelem is a fluid-filled body cavity between the outer body wall and the gut. Members of the phylum Annelida (segmented worms), for example, are #$Coelomates.
Super-classes	Animal^c MulticellularOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Echinodermata^c ChordataPhylum^c Mollusk^c Arthropod^c

Coerced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coerced`
Description	''Compelled'' is the attribute of an ''Action'' performed by an Agent that is ''Involuntary'' in being 'Forced'' by another agent in some pressing manner, often but not only by threats. `NOTE that the parent type ''Obliged'' includes being compelled by circumstances; this is the more specific attribute of an action coerced ('compelled') by the actions of another person and performed unwillingly.`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Obliged^c
Sub-classes	Forced^c

Coercive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coercive

Description

''Coercive'' is an attribute that characterizes an ''Action'' that compels a Person to do something, for example a ''Compelling'' Action.

       ToDo: consider if a ''Law'' is Coercive??  Is that part of the meaning?

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coercive' in Wordnet:
          1. coercive - (serving or intended to coerce; 'authority is directional 
               instead of coercive')

Super-classes Undesirable^c

Coexistence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coexistence`
Description	'Coexistence' is a 'PersistentState' performed by a Group of entities (Objects or Events) that either 'exist' (perform ''Existence'', e.g. be in some particular location) or occur (an ''Event'' is something that occurs or happens), both at some interval of time; it is not necessary that the starting time or the ending time of either thing existing be the same for them to 'coexist' in some time interval. To specify that two or more Events happened at least partly at the same time, use subtype ''Coinciding''. NOTE: to exist 'together' as the WN gloss describes it does not mean to exist in the same place, only at the same time. To exist in the same place at the same time would be a subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'coexist' and part of noun sense 1 of 'coexistence' (not necessarily peacefully, and not necessarily of agents) in WordNet: 2. coexist - (exist together) WN noun 'coexistence': 1. (2) coexistence - (existing peacefully together) WN verb 'coincide': 1. (9) coincide, co-occur, cooccur - (go with, fall together)
Super-classes	Existence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some PluralThing^c
Sub-classes	OverlappingPartly^c Coinciding^c HavingSomethingInCommon^c

Coffee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coffee`
Description	In CYC called 'Coffee-Beverage'. CYC: Coffee, the stuff type. See also #$Coffee-Hot for a more specific version of this. This is a beverage, and does not include coffea beans, powder, or dehydrated coffee. `Usually has caffine in it but may be decafeinated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee' in Wordnet: 1. (48) coffee, java - (a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans; 'he ordered a cup of coffee')`
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c ArtificialSubstance^c NonAlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	mayBeMadeUsing^op value CoffeePot^c
Sub-classes	Espresso^c Cappuccino^c

Coffee-Ground^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coffee-Ground`
Description	Quantities of coffee grinds.
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c GranularSubstance^c FoodIngredientOnly^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Coffee^c

CoffeeBean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoffeeBean`
Description	One Coffee bean. A Coffee bean is produced by the coffee plant. These seeds are usually roasted before sale and use in producing coffee the beverage. This is the 'unit object' of ''CoffeeBeans'', whether fresh or roasted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee bean' in WordNet: 1. coffee bean, coffee berry, coffee - (a seed of the coffee tree; ground to make coffee)`
Super-classes	Seed^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Coffee-Ground^c isTheUnitObjectOf^op value CoffeeBeans^c isTheFruitOfa^op value CoffeeBush^c

CoffeeBeans^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoffeeBeans`
Description	Coffee beans viewed as a substance consisting of some number of beans. This is a ''GranularSubstance''; the substance inside the beans (of which each bean consists) is not represented by this type.
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value CoffeeBean^c canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Coffee-Ground^c

CoffeeBreak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoffeeBreak`
Description	A ''CoffeeBreak'' is a type of 'Recess' usually occurring at some point in a working day between starting work and 'lunchtime', or between 'lunchtime' (i.e. the meal break at any time of day during a work shift) and leaving work. The workers on 'CoffeeBreak'' do not necessarily drink coffee, though many do. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee break' in WordNet: 1. (1) coffee break, tea break - (a snack taken during a break in the work day; 'a ten-minute coffee break'; 'the British have tea breaks')`
Super-classes	Recess^c HumanRelaxingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value DrinkingCoffee^c

CoffeeBush^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoffeeBush

Description

A bush that produces coffee beans.

      NOTE: considered as a tree in WN.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee tree' amd sense 2 of 'coffee'in WordNet:
         2. coffee, coffee tree - (any of several small trees and shrubs native to 
            the tropical Old World yielding coffee beans)

Super-classes CropPlant^c
Tree^c
Bush^c

CoffeeCup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoffeeCup`
Description	CYC: The collection of all coffee cups. A cup designed for drinking tea; this type always has a handle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee cup' in Wordnet: 1. (2) coffee cup - (a cup from which coffee is drunk)`
Super-classes	DrinkingVessel^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Tea^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c
Sub-classes	Demitasse^c

CoffeePot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoffeePot`
Description	A ''Pot'' that is designed to boiling water, which then filters through ground coffee beans. It is taller than a ''TeaPot''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffeepot' in Wordnet: 1. (1) coffeepot - (tall pot in which coffee is brewed)`
Super-classes	Pot^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMake^op value Coffee^c

Coffer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coffer`
Description	The term 'coffer' is also used metaphorically to refer to a store of money from which a Person or Organization can draw funds for Objects or Actions. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coffer' in WordNet: 2. coffer - (a chest especially for storing valuables)`
Super-classes	Chest-Box^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ContainerLid^c

Coffin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coffin

Description

A container for storing a human body in a grave. NOTE: some 'coffins' might be used for non-human animals. This is a default Coffin - which might be reused for other purposes.

    SUMO: A Container for a HumanCorpse.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffin' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) coffin, casket - (box in which a corpse is buried or cremated)

Super-classes StorageConstruct^c

Cognition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cognition`
Description	''Cognition'' is sum of ''ConsciousActivity''s performed by a Person that include many of the subtypes of ''StrictlyMentalEvent'' as well as the direct and indirect effects of perception in the mind - within the brain. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cognition' in WordNet: 1. cognition, knowledge, noesis - (the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning)`
Super-classes	StrictlyMentalEvent^c ConsciousActivity^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Brain^c
Sub-classes	CognitiveProcess^c KnowingSomething^c

Cognitive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cognitive

Description

''Cognitive'' is the ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any of the internal mental processes within the brain, especially of humans.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cognitive' in WordNet:
          1. cognitive - (of or being or relating to or involving cognition;
            'cognitive psychology'; 'cognitive style')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CognitiveFactor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CognitiveFactor

Description

A ''CognitiveFactor'' is a ''MentalEvent'' that is a ''Consideration'' that affects a conclusion about some ''AspectOfaProblem'' that is taken into consideration when making a decision.

    NOTE: this type assumes that decision making in people involves some ''NeuralProcess''
     (''MentalEvent'') that infuences the ''NeuralProcess'' that more immediately leads to the 
     conscious decision on which a Person acts.  This type represents one of those ''NeuralProcess''es,
     and in COSMO this reresents the step between Situations in the external world and perception of those
     situations, and using those perceptions to influence decision-making.  This may be
     untraceable at the current level of technology.
     This is an attempt to interpret the intention of the WordNet 'cognitive factor' in a logically
       coherent manner.
   In the WN herarchy, the 'influence' sense 3 is a subtype, but it is difficult to discern a 
     difference from ''CognitiveFactor'', so it is included here.  Perhaps there is some
     distingishable relation?

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cognitive factor' in WordNet:
         1. cognitive factor - (something immaterial (as a circumstance or influence) 
            that contributes to producing a result)
       WN nuon sense 3 of 'influence':
         3. (9) influence - (a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do;
             'her wishes had a great influence on his thinking')

Super-classes MentalEvent^c
NeuralProcess^c
Consideration^c

CognitiveProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CognitiveProcess`
Description	A ''CognitiveProcess'' is an Action that is performed by the ''Brain'' of an Animal or by the the reasoning component of an ''Automaton''. Since the latter can be anwhere in the ''Automaton'', this type does not attempt to localize it there. Those two sources of thinking are merged in the type ''ThinkingUnit''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cognitive process' in WordNet: 1. process, cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation - ((psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; 'the process of thinking'; 'the cognitive operation of remembering')`
Super-classes	Cognition^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c occursAt^op value ThinkingUnit^c
Sub-classes	BasicCognitiveProcess^c HigherCognitiveProcess^c

Cognizant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cognizant`
Description	The attribute of someone who is aware of or 'knows' something - including being in view of something visible, or hearing some sound. The term 'aware' is usually used for knowledge of some Event. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cognizant' in WordNet: 1. aware, cognizant, cognisant - ((sometimes followed by 'of') having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception; 'was aware of his opponent's hostility'; 'became aware of her surroundings'; 'aware that he had exceeded the speed limit')
Super-classes	Knowing^c
Sub-classes	Impressed^c Alert^c

Cohabitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cohabitation`
Description	This is for any two or more people living together, of any sex, sexual relation or not, whether they share a ''Residence'' or just a ''Bedroom''.. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 (not just sexual) of 'cohabitation' in WordNet: 1. cohabitation - (the act of living together and having a sexual relationship (especially without being married))`
Super-classes	SharingaResource^c Residing^c
Restrictions	hasThingShared^op value Residence^c
Sub-classes	SharingaBedroom^c

Coherence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coherence`
Description	''Coherence'' is a state in which the entity(s) in focus are both comprehensible and logically consistent. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coherence' in WordNet: 2. coherence, coherency - (logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts)`
Super-classes	Comprehensibility^c Consistency^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Coherent^c

Coherent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coherent

Description

''Coherent'' is a subtype of ''Consistent'' that can be applied to two or more assertions to specify that none of the assertions contradict any one or combination of the others.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coherent' in WordNet:
           1. (3) coherent, consistent, logical, ordered, orderly - 
             (marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent
             relation of parts; 'a coherent argument')
        WN adj 'self-consistent':
           1. (1) self-consistent - (not self-contradictory)

Super-classes Consistent^c

Cohesion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cohesion`
Description	''Cohesion'' is the state of a PhysicalObject consisting of multiple parts that stick together in some manner (by a force or by a glue-like connection). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cohesion' in WordNet: 1. (4) coherence, coherency, cohesion, cohesiveness - (the state of cohering or sticking together)`
Super-classes	Connectedness^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ComplexPhysicalObject^c

Cohesive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cohesive

Description

A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Cohesiveness is a specific capacity of a physical object to cohere. Instances of #$Cohesiveness include #$RigidlyCohesive, #$LiquidCohesiveness, and #$HumanlySeparable. Cohesiveness of objects is indicated with the predicate #$cohesivenessOfObject.

       Includes part of adjective sense 2 of 'cohesive' (pertaining to physical
          objects or substances) in WordNet:
            2. cohesive - (cohering or tending to cohere; well integrated;
               'a cohesive organization')

Super-classes ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute^c

Coil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coil`
Description	Any LongAndThin SolidObject that is wound into a Coil shape, approximately aligned in a plane around a center of rotation - like the coiled spring of a wind-up device like a watch. Not for linear objects wound around a drum-like object like a spool of thread. `This is not necessarily a PhysicalObject; for 'PhysicalObject' use 'CoiledObject'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'coil' in WordNet, but this is restricted to coils that spiral outward in a plane: and cuts the element at a constant angle) in WordNet: 1. (1) coil, spiral, volute, whorl, helix - (a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops; 'a coil of rope')`
Super-classes	SpiralObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Coiled^c
Sub-classes	CoiledObject^c

CoilLoosening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoilLoosening`
Description	CYC: The collection of events which consist of the loosening of a coil. The coil may have a fixed center, a fixed axis or be unconstrained. Non-fixed points engage in spiral motion about the#$PhysicalAxis of rotation. The process is reversed by #$CoilTightening. #$CoilLoosening releases energy upon passing from a tightened state towards the rest state. #$CoilLoosening past the rest state requires energy. The term often means just uncoiling to(wards) the rest state.
Super-classes	Deforming^c

CoilTightening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoilTightening`
Description	CYC: The collection of events which consist of the tightening of a coil. The coil may have a fixed center or a fixed axis. Non-fixed points engage in spiral motion about the axis of rotation. The process is reversed by #$CoilLoosening. There is a mechanical limit to the amount of #$CoilTightening which can be done, which in some cases is easy to reach. Winding a #$WristWatch is an example of #$CoilTightening. #$CoilTightening is differentiated from #$Reeling in, in that in #$CoilTightening the object is in a tighter coil after the #$CoilTightening process, whereas when reeling in the coil remains about the same tightness, but a greater perportion of the object is in the coil. #$CoilTightening takes energy to tighten some objects beyond their rest state, but releases energy when tightening back to the rest state after forcefully being uncoiled. Making a coil of rope from an uncoiled rope by pulling it onto a spinning reel is #$Reeling; tightening that coil is #$CoilTightening.
Super-classes	ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c

Coiled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coiled

Description

'Coiled' is the property of a two-dimensional object that is long and thin, and spirals outward from a point, in a plane, to form a 'Coil', like the spring of a watch.

        Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'coiled' in WordNet:
          1. coiled - (curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals);
            'a coiled snake ready to strike'; 'the rope lay coiled on the deck')

Super-classes Spiral^c

CoiledObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoiledObject`
Description	Any LongAndThin SolidObject that is wound into a Coil shape, approximately aligned in a plane around a center of rotation - like the coiled spring of a wind-up device like a watch. `corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'coil' in WordNet: 1. (1) coil, spiral, volute, whorl, helix - (a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops; 'a coil of rope')`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c TwistedObject^c SolidObject^c Coil^c
Sub-classes	CoiledSpring^c HelicalSpring^c CoiledWire^c

CoiledSpring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoiledSpring

Description

A Spring-Device that is wound into a Coil shape - it does not have to be fully wound, just in a Coil shape and serving the function of a spring (to provide motive force). This is the coil as in the spring of a watch, not a helical spring as used in a bedspring.

       @ToDo: represent the stored energy?

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'spring' in WordNet:
         3. (31) spring - (a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position
           when pushed or pulled or pressed; 'the spring was broken')

Super-classes EnergySource^c
CoiledObject^c
Spring-Device^c

CoiledWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoiledWire`
Description
Super-classes	ElectricalWire^c CoiledObject^c ManufacturedGoods^c

Coin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coin`
Description	A Coin is an item of currency valid as tender in some governmental jurisdiction. It is usually a small round disk, but can have other similar shapes (as with the British heptagonal Pound coin). If it is not at least somewhat disk-like, it is not a ''Coin'' of this type. 'Wooden nickels' are not instances. `Corresponds to sense 1 (only sense) of 'coin' in WordNet: 1. (7) coin - (a metal piece (usually a disc) used as money)`
Super-classes	MetalDisk^c SmallRigidSheet^c Certificate^c CurrencyObject^c
Sub-classes	Guinea-Coin^c Cent-US^c Dime^c Loonie^c NickelCoin^c Penny^c Quarter^c SpanishReal^c

CoinCollecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoinCollecting`
Description	''CoinCollecting'' is the hobby of Collecting coins, to form a ''CoinCollection''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coin collecting' in Wordnet: 1. numismatics, numismatology, coin collecting, coin collection - (the collection and study of money (and coins in particular))`
Super-classes	Collecting-Hobby^c
Restrictions	produces^op value CoinCollection^c

CoinCollection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoinCollection`
Description	CYC: A Collection of Coins. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coin collection' in WordNet: 1. coin collection - (a collection of coins)`
Super-classes	Collection^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Coin^c

CoinCollector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoinCollector`
Description	A ''CoinCollector'' is a ''Collector'' who collects ''Coin''s as a hobby. @mod45 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'numismatist' in WordNet: 1. numismatist, numismatologist, coin collector - (a collector and student of money (and coins in particular))
Super-classes	Collector^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CoinCollecting^c collects^op value Coin^c

CoinMint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoinMint`
Description	A ''CoinMint'' is a ''Factory'' where ''Coin''s are minted. If this is used for old-style hand operations, a ''ManufacturingFacility'' might be a better parent type, and might not be owned by the government, just people working under contract. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'mint' in WordNet: 5. mint - (a plant where money is coined by authority of the government)`
Super-classes	Factory^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value MintingaCoin^c createsObject^op value Coins^c

CoinSlot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoinSlot`
Description	A ''CoinSlot'' is a ''Slot'' inot which one inserts a ''Coin'' i otrederto operate the machine. This is for macines that require a coin to beinserted, not just machines into which one may insert a coin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coin slot' in WordNet: 1. coin slot - (a slot through which coins can be inserted into a slot machine)`
Super-classes	Slot^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SlotMachine^c

Coincidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coincidence`
Description	A ''Coincidence'' is a ''Trend'' (a ''Pattern'' that is an ''OrderedGroup'' of Events) that appear as though they might be causally related, but in fact are a result only of chance, and the ordering coincidence is ''Adventitious'' (accidental, coincidental). `This definition excludes events that appear to be causally related but are not related as one causing the other,but are related by being both caused by the same prior Event. That is not a chance 'Coincidence'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coincidence' in WordNet: 1. (6) coincidence, happenstance - (an event that might have been arranged although it was really accidental)`
Super-classes	EventGroup^c OrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adventitious^c

Coincidentally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coincidentally

Description

''Coincidentally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that two or more Events occurred at approximately the same time, but they do not have any causal connection.

        This is the literal meaning.  The terms can be used ironically or sacastically,
           for Events that are causally connected.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'coincidentally' in Wordnet:
          1. coincidentally, coincidently - (happening at the same time)

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Coinciding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coinciding`
Description	''Coinciding'' is an ''Occurrence'' in which two or more separately identifiable real-World ''Occurrence''s happen (take place) at the same time. A ''Coinciding'' is the Event that happens within the time interval when both Events are ongoing, or within which both Events have occurred. The TimeInterval specified for the ''Coinciding'' can extend before and after the actual events occurred, and each Event with a part that that coincides within some time interval may extend before or after the period duting which its subevent actually 'coincides' with another event or part of another Event. NOTE verb sense 1 of 'coincide' seems to represent the coexistence of entities, with the subject snd semantic patient being the entities; that meaning is included in the parent ''Coexistence'' and that parent type can be used to represent the concept of two or more objects existing at the same time or in the same place. this type is for the coexistence of events. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of verb sense 1 of of 'coincide' in WordNet: 1. (9) coincide, co-occur, cooccur - (go with, fall together) 2. (5) concur, coincide - (happen simultaneously; 'The two events coincided') WN noun 'coincidence': 3. concurrence, coincidence, conjunction, co-occurrence - (the temporal property of two things happening at the same time; 'the interval determining the coincidence gate is adjustable')
Super-classes	Coexistence^c Occurrence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some EventGroup^c
Sub-classes	ActionWithAccompaniment^c Accompaniment^c

CoiningaWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoiningaWord`
Description	CoiningaWord'' is to create a new ''Word'' (including fixed phrases) that becomes widely used at least for a while among some commnity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'coin' in WordNet: 1. (3) coin - (make up; 'coin phrases or words')`
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Word^c

Coins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coins`
Description	Each ''Coins'' is a Group of ''Coin''s of indefinite number.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Coin^c

Coke^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coke

Description

Used in refining ores. CYC 'CokeFuel': the carbon-rich residue of bituminous coal after volatile components have been distilled out. Typically (always?) a solid. #$CokeFuel is commonly used in steel-making and as a fuel.

      Wiktionary:  Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven;
        used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel.

       WN 'distilling'?? actually produced by heating coal - the distillates are
          other products.
        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coke' in WordNet:
          1. coke - (carbon fuel produced by distillation of coal)

Super-classes OrganicSubstance^c
Fuel^c
FossilFuel^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Colander^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colander`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colander' in WordNet: 1. colander, cullender - (bowl-shaped strainer; used to wash or drain foods)`
Super-classes	Strainer^c FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Bowl-Generic^c

Cold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cold`
Description	Cold is a QualitativeAttributeValue for objects, indicating that the temperature of the object is significantly below a person's body temperature, including things that are Frozen or below freezing temperature (0 deg C). For air,'cold' starts at about 60 deg F. For solid objects, a temperature of below 10 deg C would likely be considered 'cold'. A good refrigerator would keep objects below 5 deg C (Cold, but not freezing). Objects at temperatures below 0 deg. C have the subtype attribute ''IcyCold'' or one of its subtypes. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'cold' in WordNet, however this is not intended to represent a feeling of being cold, it is only a temperature measure. For the feeling, use ''FeelingCold''. in WordNet: 1. (40) cold - (used of physical coldness; having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration; 'a cold climate'; 'a cold room'; 'dinner has gotten cold'; 'cold fingers'; 'if you are cold, turn up the heat'; 'a cold beer')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Refrigerated^c Chilled^c Deafened^c Icy^c Hardened^c IcyCold^c

Cold-Illness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cold-Illness

Description

A 'Cold-Illness' is an AilmentCondition caused by any of many viruses (such as rhinoviruses,the most common, and adenoviruses, coronaviruses, orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses) that affect the respiratory tract.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cold' in WordNet:
        1. (5) cold, common cold - (a mild viral infection involving the
           nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs);
           'will they never find a cure for the common cold?')

Super-classes ViralInfection^c

ColdBloodedVertebrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColdBloodedVertebrate`
Description	Vertebrates whose body temperature is not internally regulated. (from SUMO) (disjointDecomposition ColdBloodedVertebrate Amphibian Fish Reptile)
Super-classes	Poikilotherm^c Vertebrate^c
Sub-classes	Fish^c Amphibian^c Reptile^c

ColdCereal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColdCereal`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cold cereal' in WordNet: 1. cold cereal, dry cereal - (a cereal that is not heated before serving)`
Super-classes	CerealFood^c
Sub-classes	Granola^c

ColdHearted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColdHearted`
Description	More intense indifference to others than ''Callous'; Completely lacking in Sympathy. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coldhearted' in Wordnet: 1. coldhearted - (lacking in sympathy or feeling) WN adj 'hardhearted': 1. hardhearted, stonyhearted, unfeeling - (devoid of feeling for others; 'an unfeeling wretch')`
Super-classes	Callous^c
Sub-classes	HardHearted^c

ColdSeason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColdSeason`
Description	A specialization of #$SeasonOfYear. Each instance of #$ColdSeason is the cooler part of an annual climate cycle for a region (see #$AnnualClimateCycle). If a place has a Winter (see #$WinterSeason), the cold season generally includes the Winter. Note that #$WinterSeason is not a specialization of #$CalendarSeason (q.v.)
Super-classes	SeasonOfYear^c
Sub-classes	WinterSeason^c

Colic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colic`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colic' in WordNet: 1. colic, intestinal colic, gripes, griping - (acute abdominal pain (especially in infants))`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c PainOrAche^c

Collaborative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collaborative

Description

''Collaborative'' is a property of a GroupOfPeople who are 'cooperating' (Performing a ''CooperationEvent'') to achieve a common Goal.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'collaborative' in Wordnet:
        1. collaborative - (accomplished by collaboration; 'collaborative research')

Super-classes Alive^c
Active^c

CollaborativeProject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollaborativeProject`
Description	COSMO note: An Action consisting of a series of individual actions, extending over more than an hour of time, undertaken by a GroupOfPeople coordinating their activities. This is very general and includes one-day 'projects' such as a barn-raising. Somewhat more restricted than the parent type ''WorkingTogether'', being somewhat more structured and having a goal with defined end point. `Cyc: An organized endeavor with a set goal`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Project^c WorkingTogether^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value WorkForce^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Collaborative^c
Sub-classes	Operation^c CollaborativeResearchProject^c

CollaborativeResearchProject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollaborativeResearchProject`
Description	A ''CollaborativeProject'' that is also a ''ResearchProject''.
Super-classes	CollaborativeProject^c ResearchProject^c

Collage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collage`
Description	A PhysicalObject containing a two-dimensional image that was created by a process of putting together smaller flat objects, to produce a whole object whose pieces either have some relation to each other, or, as in an art object, can form an image whose color and location together form a larger image not necessarily related to the individual pieces. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collage' in WordNet: 1. (17) collage, montage - (a paste-up made by sticking together pieces of paper or photographs to form an artistic image; 'he used his computer to make a collage of pictures superimposed on a map')`
Super-classes	StillImage^c PhysicalImage^c Paste-Up^c FineArtObject^c WholeObject^c TwoDimensionalArtObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c

Collapsible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collapsible

Description

An attribute of things that can be folded into a more compact space without disassembly, by moving separate distinct component parts relative to each other. This would not apply to a SheetOfSomeStuff (use parent ''Foldable''). This can be of any size but usually applies to things that can be held in one or two hands. (??Is the dome of a modern stadium Collapsible???)

       CYC: The collection of instances of #$PhysicalObject
        that are collapsible. A collapsible object is one which is
        rigid but whose parts have been designed in such a way as to
        be 'folded' into a more compact shape.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'collapsible' in WordNet:
          1. (1) collapsible, collapsable - (capable of collapsing or being collapsed;
             'a collapsible boat')

Super-classes Bendable^c
Foldable^c

CollapsibleArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollapsibleArtifact`
Description	A ''CollapsibleArtifact'' is an ''#ArtifactObject'' that contains at least two parts that can be moved relativeto eachother so as to perform a ''Collapsing-Folding'' Action to make the ''CollapsibleArtifact'' more compact,e.g. easier to carry or store.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c ComplexPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Collapsible^c hasComponentPart^op some (ArtifactObject^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Switchblade^c FoldingUmbrella^c

Collapsing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collapsing`
Description	''Collapsing'' is a FallingEvent in which a supported part (roof, wall) of some object, especially one having a cavity (a structure or a natural cavity) loses its structural integrity or support and falls under gravity or due to external pressure inward or to a lower level. This includes all degrees of collapse, from small to enormous, and includes collapsing under gravity of structures such as retaining walls whose breaking is due in part to horizontal forces of the material retained behind it, and includes the subtype 'imploding' due to pressure differences between the outside and inside of a container. This does not include avalanches that are the downward motion of natural materials (soil, snow) that were supported by other natural materials, whether vertical or sloped. This is a physical Event and does not include the metaphorical sense. For 'collapsing' an object by folding it to make it smaller, use ''Collapsing-Folding'' NOTE the CYC:'Collapsing-Generic' includes physical and metaphorical collapse, broader than this type: A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent and #$PhysicalEvent. In events of this sort, an entity collapses either because of a loss of structural integrity or, in the case of agents, self-control. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 4 and noun sense 2 of 'collapse' and noun sense 1 of 'cave in' in WordNet: 1. (8) collapse, fall in, cave in, give, give way, break, founder - (break down, literally or metaphorically; 'The wall collapsed'; 'The business collapsed'; 'The dam broke'; 'The roof collapsed'; 'The wall gave in'; 'The roof finally gave under the weight of the ice') 4. crumble, crumple, tumble, break down, collapse - (fall apart; 'the building crumbled after the explosion'; 'Negotiations broke down') WN noun 'collapse': 2. (2) collapse - (a mishap caused by something suddenly falling down or caving in)
Super-classes	FallingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Imploding^c

Collapsing-Folding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collapsing-Folding

Description

CYC: The collection of events in which something that has one of more articulated joints, or some telescoping parts, is made smaller by moving the parts to reduce the volume of the object,i.e. reduce the volume of its 'convex hull'.

         For physical collapse under gravity use ''Collapsing''.

         This differs from 'folding' in that it applies to 
         artifacts that are designed to be expandable or reducible in size.

       Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'collapse'  in WordNet:
          3. collapse - (fold or close up; 'fold up your umbrella'; 'collapse the music stand')

Super-classes MakingSomethingMoreCompact^c

Collar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collar' in WordNet: 1. (5) collar, neckband - (a band that fits around the neck and is usually folded over)`
Super-classes	BandShapedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Neck^c
Sub-classes	RestrainingCollar^c

CollarOfGarment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollarOfGarment`
Description	Cyc: The collection of the part of the garment that goes around the neck. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'collar' in WordNet: 1. (5) collar, neckband - (a band that fits around the neck and is usually folded over)`
Super-classes	SomethingToWearPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Garment^c
Sub-classes	ChokerCollar^c

Colleague^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colleague`
Description	A ''Colleague'' is a Person who works together with another person, not as a formal ''Partner'' but either in the same profesion or in the same Organization, both of whom are aquainted with and in communiction with each other. This is a reciprocal (symmetrical) relation. ''Colleague''s are not necessarily friends. `For those working together in person contact use ''CoWorker''. To instantiate the Role ''Colleague'' requires specifying at least one Person who is a ''Colleague'' of the subject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colleague' in WordNet: 1. (7) colleague, co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow - (an associate you work with)`
Super-classes	Associate^c ReciprocalRole^c
Restrictions	isaColleagueOf^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	CoWorker^c

Colleagues^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colleagues`
Description	Each ''Colleagues'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a ''Coleague'' of each other, who work together in a friendly ''Collegial'' manner.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Colleague^c

Collectible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collectible`
Description	A '''Collectible' is a ''Curio'' that is prized and collected by a sufficient number of people ('collectors') that it has some monetary value to people other than its owner, and who may be willng to buy it. The sale value can be rather small. Common examples are coins, stamps, antiques, baseball cards, art works, rare books, objects asociated with history or celebrities. `COSMO note: Many individual things categorized by the Cyc 'Collectible' are not in fact collected. This notion might be better as a metatype to classify type, but for now (v0.50) it is left as in Cyc. Cyc: The collection of all things that are typically collected as a hobby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collectable' in Wordnet: 1. collectible, collectable - (things considered to be worth collecting (not necessarily valuable or antique))`
Super-classes	Curio^c ValuableThing^c ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Collection^c
Sub-classes	Figurine^c Jewelry^c Toy^c Game-EquipmentSet^c MusicalInstrument^c CarvedObject^c

Collecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collecting`
Description	The intentional act of creating an aggregate of things by bringing individual things (concrete or abstract) together. Creating a list would be a subtype. The Group created may be abstract or physical. This is the transitive sense; things 'accumulating' as an unintended consequence of some Events are not included in this, and are represented by ''ComingTogether''. COSMO note: This is an Action, and requires that the things that are collected are caused to come into proximity by the action of some agent. For Events in which some group of things come together without being brought together by some 'IntentionalAgent', use 'ComingTogether'. The difference between this and a ''BuildingUpAnAccumulation'' is that this type is for intentional Actions of an ''IntentionalAgent'' that creates some number or quantity of something by an incremental process - called a ''Collection''. Whereas ''BuildingUpAnAccumulation'' can be the action of some natural force or process. A specialization of #$TransferIn. Each instance of #$Collecting is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are collected together at a single place . The objects might come from various sources, and might be gathered via some collection network. Notable specializations of this collection include #$GroupingObjects and #$CollectingInformation. NOTE also that the restrictions require that every 'Collecting' include actions of inclusion and exclusion (no 'collecting' collects everything) but that the relation is on types, and is is not necessary to specify the things excluded. At least some of the things included need to be specified to describe the resultinbg 'Group'. This corresponds approximately to senses 3 and 4 of 'collect' in WordNet; it is used for both physical and abstract objects, such as information. For the act of collecting physical objects, use the more specific 'Gathering'. in WordNet: 3. (12) gather, garner, collect, pull together - (assemble or get together; 'gather some stones'; 'pull your thoughts together') 4. (8) collect, pull in - (get or bring together; 'accumulate evidence') together; 'gather some stones'; 'pull your thoughts together') WN noun 'collection': 4. (1) collection, collecting, assembling, aggregation - (the act of gathering something together)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c TransferIn^c Creation^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Collection^c hasSubEvent^op value SelectingSomething^c hasSubEvent^op value IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c hasSubEvent^op value ExceptingSomething^c
Sub-classes	LumpingTogether^c Gathering^c MakingaList^c InformationGathering^c Collecting-Hobby^c AccumulatingSomething^c MarshallingResources^c

Collecting-Hobby^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collecting-Hobby`
Description	Collecting objects for pleasure, to form collections. There is no sense in WordNet. Stamp collecting, coin collecting, art collecting, or generally collecting any ''Collectible''.
Super-classes	Hobby^c Collecting^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (CollectionType^c or Collection^c) isPerformedBy^op value Collector^c
Sub-classes	CoinCollecting^c

CollectingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollectingMoney`
Description	`NOTE the WN gloss suggests that this is for collecting money due, but this type includes collecting donations for some purpose (such as collections (with a 'collection plate') at a church service, or collecting tolls, or fundraising). No WN sense of 'collection'covers this concept. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'collect' in WordNet: 2. (15) collect, take in - (call for and obtain payment of; 'we collected over a million dollars in outstanding debts'; 'he collected the rent')`
Super-classes	TakingPossessionOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some (MoneyObject^c or MoneyType^c)
Sub-classes	RaisingMoney^c

Collection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collection`
Description	A ''Collection''' is an ''ObjectGroup'' produced by an intention Action of ''Collecting''. This is a GroupOfObjects that some Person has gathered together, often as a hobby, but also for research or for display in a Museum (See Subtype ''Exposition''). They will typically be located together in one room or building or for large collections, some complex of buildings (e.g. the National ). In this sense the Collection consists only of the Objects themselves, and does not include any containers or other accessories. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'accumulation' in WordNet: 2. (1) collection, aggregation, accumulation, assemblage - (several things grouped together or considered as a whole)`
Super-classes	PluralThing^c Accumulation^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Collecting^c
Sub-classes	CoinCollection^c LibraryCollection^c StringOfObjects^c Knicknacks^c GroupOfFoodObjects^c Exposition^c

CollectionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollectionType`
Description	A ''CollectionType'' is a type metaclass for a Group of PhysicalObjects that have been collected together, for study or as a hobby.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c GroupType^c
Members	StringOfBeads Exposition RosaryBeads Collection StringOfObjects GroupOfFoodObjects

Collective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collective

Description

An attribute pertaining to things - goals, traits, accomplishments, and others - that result from some form of interaction within a group of people, such as ''WorkingtTogether'' (collective efforts, collective accomplishments). Things that are due to people 'as a group'.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'collective' in WordNet:
         1. (7) corporate, collective - (done by or characteristic of individuals acting together; 
            'a joint identity'; 'the collective mind'; 'the corporate good')
         2. collective - (forming a whole or aggregate)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CollectiveAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollectiveAgent`
Description	A CollectiveAgent is a human group or organization, acting as a unit or having some other agent acting in its behalf. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 (termed 'MultiIndividualAgent' in Cyc) The collection of all #$Agent-Generics that each consist of other #$Agent-Generics operating together. Usually the constituent agents form some kind of #$Group that itself acts as an #$Agent-Generic. Examples: a #$LegalCorporation, a #$GeographicalAgent, a #$Neighborhood or an #$Industry-Localized. Although it would be a positive exemplar of (#$GroupFn #$Agent), the 'group of people whose first names all start with the letter 'B'' is a negative exemplar of #$MultiIndividualAgent. In almost all contexts, such a group will not act as an #$Agent in any way. It is less cohesive than some of the least cohesive kinds of #$MultiIndividualAgents such as #$CrowdOfPeople.
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c AgentGroup^c agentive-social-object^c
Sub-classes	GroupOfPeople^c FlockOfSheep^c MultiPersonAgent^c HerdOfCattle^c Organization^c WolfPack^c GeographicalAgent^c

CollectiveGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollectiveGoal`
Description	A CollectiveGoal is a Goal that is held by some ''AgentGroup'' (usually a ''GroupOfPeople'', but possibly by another group of Agents that have some means of communication - even a Wolf Pack). `That ''Goal'' to be achieved by the ''AgentGroup'' acting together as a unit. One example of this is the kind of goal that is debated as public policy for governments to pursue, but includes goals of non-government groups as well as organizations.`
Super-classes	Goal^c
Restrictions	isaGoalOf^op only (AgentGroup^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	Agreement^c Compromise^c PoliticalGoal^c

CollectiveNounType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollectiveNounType`
Description	CollectiveNounType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for classes that are labeled as collective nouns in English, such as 'lumber'.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c

Collector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collector`
Description	A ''Collector''is a ''Person'' (of any type) who collects items (of any kind, artifactual or natural) as a hobby, i.e performs the activity of ''Collecting-Hobby''. The restriction requires that the type of thingcollected be specified. . @mod45 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collector' in WordNet: 1. (9) collector, aggregator - (a person who collects things)
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Collecting-Hobby^c collects^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Archivist^c CoinCollector^c

College^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#College`
Description	Instances are educational institutions providing undergraduate education. For colleges that are #$subOrganizations of universities use #$CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting. A ''GraduateSchool'' is specifically the achool for 'post-graduate studies', after receivinga degree from a College. SUMO: A School which admits students who have graduated from high school and which confers a bachelor's degree, normally requiring four years of study. Note that a College does not confer any graduate degrees. For institutions that confer both bachelor's and graduate degrees, the concept University should be used. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'college' in WordNet: NOTE sense 1 is the faculty and students (!!) 2. college - (an institution of higher education created to educate and grant degrees; often a part of a university)
Super-classes	FourYearSchool^c CollegeOrGraduateSchool^c
Sub-classes	CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting^c

CollegeCampus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollegeCampus`
Description	The Campus of a College or University.
Super-classes	Campus^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution^c

CollegeChancellor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollegeChancellor`
Description	A ''CollegeChancellor'' is the ''SchoolHead'' of some University. `RHW: 2. the chief administrative officer in certain American universities. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chancellor' in WordNet: 2. chancellor - (the honorary or titular head of a university)`
Super-classes	SchoolHead^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op some University^c

CollegeFacultyMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollegeFacultyMember`
Description	A 'CollegeFacultyMember' is a Teacher employed (perhaps non-salaried?) by some 'College'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faculty member' in WordNet: 1. academician, academic, faculty member - (an educator who works at a college or university)`
Super-classes	FacultyMember^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op some College^c

CollegeGraduate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollegeGraduate`
Description	A ''CollegeGraduate' is Person who has graduated from a College and therefore has a ''BachelorsDegree''.
Super-classes	Graduate^c
Restrictions	possesses^op value BachelorsDegree^c

CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting`
Description	Collection of colleges that are separate and named parts of universities. Some colleges offer professional degrees and some offer both undergraduate and graduate degrees. St.Jerome's College at the #$UniversityOfWaterloo is an example of such a college.
Super-classes	College^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some University^c

CollegeInUniversity-NonDegreeGranting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollegeInUniversity-NonDegreeGranting`
Description	Collection of colleges that are named parts of universities which serve various academic, social, and administrative functions but which do not grant degrees. Trinity College at Cambridge University is an example of such a college.
Super-classes	HigherEducationInstitution^c

CollegeOrGraduateSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollegeOrGraduateSchool`
Description	''CollegeOrGraduateSchool'' is simply the union of ''College'' and ''GraduateSchool'' created to make some relations easier to express.
Super-classes	DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution^c
Sub-classes	University^c College^c GraduateSchool^c

CollegeStudent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollegeStudent`
Description	A Student is a Person who currently has a formal agreement or is registered to study some topic(s) at some College. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'college student' in WordNet: 1. (2) college student, university student - (a student enrolled in a college or university)`
Super-classes	Collegian^c
Restrictions	isStudyingAt^op value CollegeOrGraduateSchool^c
Sub-classes	Undergraduate^c

Collegial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collegial

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'collegial' in Wordnet:
          1. collegial - (characterized by or having authority vested equally among colleagues;
             'collegial harmony'; 'a tendency to turn from collegial 
                  to one-man management'- Merle Fainsod)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Collegian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collegian`
Description	A ''Collegian'' is a Person who is surrently attended or has gradated from some College or universty. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collegian' in WordNet: 1. (1) collegian, college man, college boy - (a student (or former student) at a college or university)`
Super-classes	Student^c
Sub-classes	CollegeStudent^c

Collegiate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collegiate

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'collegiate' in WordNet:
          1. (1) collegiate, collegial - (of or resembling or typical 
             of a college or college students; 'collegiate living'; 
             'collegiate attitudes'; 'collegiate clothes')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Colliding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colliding`
Description	cosmo NOTE: It is unclear why Cyc categorizes a 'Colliding' as a 'continuous' contact situation - the contact is often very brief, in a collision. Some collisions lead to a subsequent continuous contact, but that can be a subtype of this type, which in COSMO is a subtype of 'PhysicalContactEvent' - not necessarily continuous. NOTE also that in COSMO 'Colliding' has a subtype 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' in which in which the striking object can be differentiated from the struck object. 'Colliding' is used for elastic collisions where neither participating object sustains damage or is propelled by the other. Thus a comet impact would be a 'StrikingAnObjectEvent'. Cyc: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation and #$Translation-LocationChange. Each instance of #$Colliding is an event in which two or more #$PartiallyTangibles bump into each other. Each instance of #$Colliding is immediately preceded by an #$Approaching, during which at least one of the #$objectsInContact during the #$Colliding is moving toward the location at which the collision takes place. (Some of the objects in contact during the colliding may already be occupying that location immediately before contact.) The #$Colliding begins once the objects begin to be in contact, and ends once they are no longer in contact (think of two billiard balls bouncing off each other), <i>or</i> when the objects have come to rest in a stable contact position (think of an asteroid smashing into the earth and coming to rest at the bottom of the crater it has created). NOTE that this is a parent type of 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' whereas in WordNet 'collide' is a subtype of 'strike'; it seems that either word could be used for either this type or for 'Colliding'. This type and 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' are not clearly distinguished linguistically, except that 'hit' is usually used in collision sense when 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' is intended; logically there is a subtype/parent type relation. Corresponds to parts of noun senses 1 of 'collide' and sense 1 of 'strike' and noun sense 1 of 'impact' and noun sense 1 of 'collision' in WordNet: WN 'collide': 1. (3) collide, clash - (crash together with violent impact; 'The cars collided'; 'Two meteors clashed') WN: strike': 1. (21) hit, strike, impinge on, run into, collide with - (hit against; come into sudden contact with; 'The car hit a tree'; 'He struck the table with his elbow') WN noun 'impact': 1. (11) impact - (the striking of one body against another) WN noun 'collisin': 1. (16) collision, hit - ((physics) an brief event in which two or more bodies come together; 'the collision of the particles resulted in an exchange of energy and a change of direction')
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c
Sub-classes	StrikingAnObjectEvent^c Blow^c CrashingEvent^c

Collie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Collie`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collie' in WordNet: 1. collie - (a silky-coated sheepdog with a long ruff and long narrow head developed in Scotland)`
Super-classes	SheepDog^c

Colloid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colloid`
Description	CYC: The collection of mixtures consisting of a medium and a substance dispersed in the medium in particles too fine to be seen with an ordinary light microscope but large enough to be unable to pass through a semipermeable membrane. This second property distinguishes #$Colloids from true #$Solutions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colloid' in WordNet: 1. (28) colloid - (a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension)`
Super-classes	Suspension^c
Sub-classes	Toothpaste^c gel^c Aerosol^c

Colloquially^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colloquially

Description

''Colloquially'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' and ''AdverbialModifier'' that characterizes Commnication Actions that use ''Colloquial'' words and phrases in (at least in part) without concern for keeping to the use of the formal, words with the same meanings.

      For 'informally' pertaining to actions other than conversation or language, use ''Informally''.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'colloquially' in Wordnet:
        1. colloquially, conversationally, informally - (with the use of colloquial expressions; "this building is colloquially referred to as The Barn")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
AdverbialModifier^c

Colluding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colluding`
Description	''Colluding'' is the Action of a group of ''Conspirators'' (a ''ConspiracyGroup'') to perform the action agreed to in a ''ConspiracyAgreement''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'collude' in WordNet: 1. conspire, collude - (act in unison or agreement and in secret towards a deceitful or illegal purpose; 'The two companies conspired to cause the value of the stock to fall') WN noun sense 2 of 'collusion': 2. connivance, collusion - (agreement on a secret plot)`
Super-classes	AntisocialAction^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some ConspiracyAgreement^c isAnExecutionOf^op value CollusionAgreement^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some ConspiracyGroup^c

CollusionAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CollusionAgreement`
Description	A ''CollusionAgreement'' is a secret ''BindingAgreement'' to cooperate in performig some Action, usually one that is wrong or criminal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collusion' in WordNet: 1. (2) collusion - (secret agreement)`
Super-classes	BindingAgreement^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value Colluding^c
Sub-classes	ConspiracyAgreement^c

Cologne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cologne`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cologne' in WordNet: 2. cologne, cologne water, eau de cologne - (a perfumed liquid made of essential oils and alcohol)`
Super-classes	Perfume^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Fragrance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fragrant^c

Colombian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colombian

Description

''Columbian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Columbia'' or a ''ColumbianPerson''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Colombian' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) Colombian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Colombia
             or its people; 'Colombian drug dealers')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ColombianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColombianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Colombian' in WordNet: 1. Colombian - (a native or inhabitant of Colombia)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colombia^c

Colon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colon

Description

A 'Colon' is a 'PunctuationMark' (':') that is used as a separator of elements or signals a break in a sentence, used for various purposes.

    Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'colon' in WordNet:
      5. colon - (a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing
         a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation
         of a business letter))

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

Colon-BodyPart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colon-BodyPart

Description

CYC: The collection of all colons, the major parts of large intestines in certain animals and in human beings. A member of #$Colon-BodyPart is the portion of a #$LargeIntestine which extends from the #$Cecum to the #$Rectum.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colon' in WordNet:
          1. (2) colon - (the part of the large intestine between the cecum 
            and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted)

Super-classes AnatomicalVessel^c
Intestine^c

ColonCancer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColonCancer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colon cancer' in WordNet: 1. colon cancer - (a malignant tumor of the colon; early symptom is bloody stools)`
Super-classes	Cancer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Malignant^c occursAt^op value Colon-BodyPart^c hasSymptom^op value HavingBloodyStools^c

Colonel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colonel

Description

A ''CommissionedOfficer'' with Rank intermediate between #$LieutenantColonel-Rank and #$BrigadierGeneral-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Colonel may be in command of several instances of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colonel' in WordNet:
           1. (33) colonel - (a commissioned military officer in the 
              United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a 
              lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general)

Super-classes CommissionedOfficer^c

Colonial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colonial

Description

''Colonial'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Colony'' or of the area or region in which that Colony is located.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'colonial' in WordNet:
      1. (5) colonial - (of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ColonialPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColonialPower`
Description	A 'ColonialPower'' is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' that controls some ''Colony'' - a term usually applied to countries that control more than one colony, but this is the most general case..
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	controls^op some Colony^c

Colonialism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colonialism`
Description	''Colonialism'' is a ''ExploitingaPerson'' where the thing exploited is some society that had occupied a ''GeographicalArea'', and lost control to the military force of the colonial power. This type represents each specific instance of maintaining a ''Colony'' as well as the collective similar actions of colonizers generally. NOTE that this is the actual rule of one people by a foreign nation, not the policy. This would be similar to ''Imperialism'' but has some distinctions. RHW: 1. the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people NOTE: does this require Military occupation? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colonialism' in WordNet: 1. colonialism - (exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one; the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country)
Super-classes	ControllingAnAgent^c ForeignControl^c ExploitingaPerson^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some MilitaryEvent^c isPerformedBy^op value GeopoliticalEntity^c occursAt^op some ColonyArea^c alwaysFollows^op value Colonization^c hasDirectObject^op some (PersonType^c or Society^c or GroupType^c or PersonType^c)

Colonist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colonist`
Description	`Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'settler' in WordNet: 1. (10) settler, colonist - (a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country)`
Super-classes	Settler^c
Restrictions	residesIn^op value Colony^c

Colonization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colonization`
Description	''Colonization'' is an ''InitialEvent'' that forms a ''Colony''. This is not necessarily a 'settlement', in the sense of forming a small town, as it could be the assertion of sovereignty over an existing settlement, as by military occupation. That distinction is represented in the two verb senses of 'colonize' in WN. Both are includedhere,but they could be distingsuished when needed. CYC: A specialization of #$TakingSomething. Each instance of #$Colonization is an event in which a large number of people affiliated with a certain society move their places of residence to an area previously uninhabited by people affilated with that society. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colonization' in WordNet: 1. colonization, colonisation, settlement - (the act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies; 'the British colonization of America') WN verb 'colonize': 1. (1) colonize, colonise - (settle as a colony; of countries in the developing world; 'Europeans colonized Africa in the 17th century') 2. colonize, colonise - (settle as colonists or establish a colony (in); 'The British colonized the East Coast')
Super-classes	Action^c TakingSomething^c StartingAnAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GeopoliticalEntity^c isTheStartingPartOf^op some OccupyingaPlace^c hadObjectCreated^op some Colony^c initiatesState^op value Colonialism^c

Colonized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colonized

Description

''Colonized'' is the defining AttributeValue of a ''Colony''. This only means controlled, it does not require that the colonizers are the dominant population.

     'settled' should be used for places where a 'settlement' was established -
       not yet (r1639) represented, but that would relate to an ''EarlySettlement''..

    Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'colonized' ('settled' is
       represented by ''Populated'') in Wordnet:
      1. colonized, colonised, settled - (inhabited by colonists)

Super-classes Controlled^c

Colony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colony`
Description	A ''Colony'' is a GeopoliticalEntity that is a dependency of some Country, i.e. it has a government, but does not have an independent government and is at least partially governed by laws created elsewhere. A ''GeopoliticalEntity'' is an ''Organization''. It cannot be a PhysicalObject NOTE that a ''Colony'' is not the land area nor the government, but a composite entity: It is a MentalObject which is not a PhysicalObject. A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government, which is also an agent. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'colony' (but is more specific as to rgion and physical makeup) in WordNet: 4. colony, dependency - (a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country)
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory^op some ColonyRegion^c isLocatedAt^op some ColonyRegion^c

ColonyArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColonyArea`
Description	A ''ColonyArea' is a ''GeographicalArea'' (a PhysicalObject) whose boundaries are the same as those of the corresponding 'ColonyRegion''. This is the sum of PhysicalObjects in the area governed by a ''Colony'' (a ''GeopoliticalEntity''). `Corresponds most closely to noun sense 4 of 'colony' (but is more specific as to rgion and physical makeup) in WordNet: 4. colony, dependency - (a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country)`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c ControlledLand^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some ColonyRegion^c isTheLocationOf^op some Colony^c

ColonyRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColonyRegion`
Description	A ''ColonyArea' is a ''GeographicalArea'' whose boundaries are the same as those of the corresponding 'ColonyRegion''. This is the sum of Physicalbjects in the area governed by a ''Colony''. `Corresponds most closely to noun sense 4 of 'colony' (but is more specific as to rgion and physical makeup) in WordNet: 4. colony, dependency - (a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country)`
Super-classes	GeopoliticalRegion^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op some Colony^c isTheLocationOf^op some ColonyArea^c

Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Color`
Description	The Class of Attributes relating to the color of Objects. `'Color' is an AttributeType, and the actual values of 'Color' are instances of 'ColorAttributeType', which are subtypes of ColorAttribute. Subtypes of WordNet Sense 1 of 'color' not yet represented in COSMO (can be added as needed). Many other colors have been defined in various places, and can be added as subtypes when needed.:` {04900721} color, colour, coloring, colouring -- (a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect; "a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light") => {04901285} heather mixture, heather -- (interwoven yarns of mixed colors producing muted greyish shades with flecks of color) => {04902004} mottle -- (an irregular arrangement of patches of color; "it was not dull grey as distance had suggested, but a mottle of khaki and black and olive-green") => {04902369} shade, tint, tincture, tone -- (a quality of a given color that differs slightly from a primary color; "after several trials he mixed the shade of pink that she wanted") => {04901441} mellowness -- (a soft shade of a color; "a mellowness of light and shade not attainable in marble") => {04901599} richness -- (a strong deep vividness of hue; "the fire-light gave a richness of coloring to that side of the room") => {04902708} undertone, tinge -- (a pale or subdued color) => {04902813} chromatic color, chromatic colour, spectral color, spectral colour -- (a color that has hue) => {04905871} red, redness -- (red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood) => {04906180} sanguine -- (a blood-red color) => {04906270} chrome red -- (a red pigment used in paints; basic lead chromate) => {04906376} Turkey red, alizarine red -- (a bright orange-red color produced in cotton cloth with alizarine dye) => {04906518} cardinal, carmine -- (a variable color averaging a vivid red) => {04906639} crimson, ruby, deep red -- (a deep and vivid red color) => {04906773} dark red -- (a red color that reflects little light) => {04906938} burgundy -- (a dark purplish-red to blackish-red color) => {04907034} claret -- (a dark purplish-red color) => {04907112} oxblood red -- (a dark brownish-red color) => {04907195} wine, wine-colored -- (a red as dark as red wine) => {04907304} purplish red -- (a red with a tinge of purple) => {04907534} fuchsia, magenta -- (a dark purple-red; the dye was discovered in 1859, the year of the battle of Magenta) => {04907682} maroon -- (a dark purplish-red to dark brownish-red color) => {04907427} cerise, cherry, cherry red -- (a red the color of ripe cherries) => {04907781} scarlet, vermilion, orange red -- (a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge) => {04907947} orange, orangeness -- (orange color or pigment; any of a range of colors between red and yellow) => {04908121} reddish orange -- (an orange color closer to red than to yellow) => {04908244} tangerine -- (a reddish to vivid orange color) => {04908331} yellow, yellowness -- (yellow color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of sunflowers or ripe lemons) => {04908766} canary yellow, canary -- (a moderate yellow with a greenish tinge) => {04908874} amber, gold -- (a deep yellow color; "an amber light illuminated the room"; "he admired the gold of her hair") => {04909026} brownish yellow -- (a yellow color of low lightness with a brownish tinge) => {04909141} gamboge, lemon, lemon yellow, maize -- (a strong yellow color) => {04909247} old gold -- (a dark yellow) => {04909315} orange yellow, saffron -- (a shade of yellow tinged with orange) => {04909439} ocher, ochre -- (a moderate yellow-orange to orange color) => {04909539} pale yellow, straw -- (a yellow tint; yellow diluted with white) => {04909645} greenish yellow -- (a shade of yellow tinged with green) => {04908669} blond, blonde -- (a light grayish yellow to near white) => {04909742} green, greenness, viridity -- (green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass) => {04910094} greenishness -- (the property of being somewhat green) => {04910207} sea green -- (the property of a moderate green color resembling the waters of the sea) => {04910334} sage green -- (the color of sage leaves) => {04910415} bottle green -- (dark to moderate or greyish green) => {04910507} chrome green -- (a brilliant green color) => {04910589} emerald -- (the green color of an emerald) => {04910672} olive green, olive-green -- (a color that is lighter and greener than olive) => {04910790} yellow green, yellowish green, chartreuse, Paris green, pea green -- (a shade of green tinged with yellow) => {04910941} bluish green, blue green, teal -- (a blue-green color or pigment; "they painted it a light shade of bluish green") => {04911116} cyan -- (one of the primary pigments; has a blue-green color) => {04911218} jade green, jade -- (a light green color varying from bluish green to yellowish green) => {04911346} blue, blueness -- (blue color or pigment; resembling the color of the clear sky in the daytime; "he had eyes of bright blue") => {04911693} azure, cerulean, sapphire, lazuline, sky-blue -- (a light shade of blue) => {04911828} powder blue -- (a dusty pale blue color) => {04911909} steel blue -- (a greyish blue color) => {04911986} Prussian blue -- (a dark greenish-blue color) => {04912072} dark blue, navy, navy blue -- (a dark shade of blue) => {04912167} greenish blue, aqua, aquamarine, turquoise, cobalt blue, peacock blue -- (a shade of blue tinged with green) => {04912321} purplish blue, royal blue -- (a shade of blue tinged with purple) => {04916486} ultramarine -- (a vivid blue to purple-blue color) => {04912428} purple, purpleness -- (a purple color or pigment) => {04912803} mauve -- (a moderate purple) => {04912872} reddish purple, royal purple -- (a shade of purple tinged with red) => {04912645} Tyrian purple -- (a vivid purplish-red color) => {04912999} violet, reddish blue -- (a variable color that lies beyond blue in the spectrum) => {04912731} indigo -- (a blue-violet color) => {04913139} pink -- (a light shade of red) => {04913336} pinkness -- (the quality of being pink) => {04913416} carnation -- (a pink or reddish-pink color) => {04913500} rose, rosiness -- (a dusty pink color) => {04913634} old rose -- (a greyish-pink color) => {04913709} solferino, purplish pink -- (a pink dye that was discovered in 1859, the year a battle was fought at Solferino) => {04913862} yellowish pink, apricot, peach, salmon pink -- (a shade of pink tinged with yellow) => {04914007} coral -- (a variable color averaging a deep pink) => {04914097} brown, brownness -- (an orange of low brightness and saturation) => {04914383} Vandyke brown -- (a moderate brown color) => {04914465} chocolate, coffee, deep brown, umber, burnt umber -- (a medium brown to dark-brown color) => {04914599} light brown -- (a brown that is light but unsaturated) => {04914748} tan, topaz -- (a light brown the color of topaz) => {04914838} dun, greyish brown, grayish brown, fawn -- (a color or pigment varying around a light grey-brown color; "she wore dun") => {04915019} beige, ecru -- (a very light brown) => {04915096} reddish brown, sepia, burnt sienna, Venetian red -- (a shade of brown with a tinge of red) => {04915284} brick red -- (a bright reddish-brown color) => {04915368} copper, copper color -- (a reddish-brown color resembling the color of polished copper) => {04915515} Indian red -- (a reddish-brown color resembling the red soil used as body paint by American Indians) => {04915656} yellowish brown, raw sienna, buff, caramel, caramel brown -- (a medium to dark tan color) => {04916326} snuff-color, snuff-colour -- (dark yellowish brown) => {04915808} puce -- (a color varying from dark purplish brown to dark red) => {04915911} olive brown -- (a shade of brown tinged with green) => {04916419} taupe -- (a greyish brown) => {04916003} olive -- (a yellow-green color of low brightness and saturation) => {04916126} olive drab, drab -- (a dull greyish to yellowish or light olive brown) => {04916238} pastel -- (any of various pale or light colors) => {04917348} complementary color, complementary -- (either one of two chromatic colors that when mixed together give white (in the case of lights) or grey (in the case of pigments); "yellow and blue are complementaries") => {04903202} achromatic color, achromatic colour -- (a color lacking hue; white or grey or black) => {04903400} black, blackness, inkiness -- (the quality or state of the achromatic color of least lightness (bearing the least resemblance to white)) => {04903723} coal black, ebony, jet black, pitch black, sable, soot black -- (a very dark black) => {04903870} white, whiteness -- (the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black)) => {04904185} alabaster -- (a very light white) => {04904259} bleach -- (the whiteness that results from removing the color from something; "a complete bleach usually requires several applications") => {04904454} bone, ivory, pearl, off-white -- (a shade of white the color of bleached bones) => {04904595} chalk -- (a pure flat white with little reflectance) => {04904706} frostiness, hoariness -- (a silvery-white color) => {04904814} gray, grayness, grey, greyness -- (a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black) => {04905203} ash grey, ash gray, silver, silver grey, silver gray -- (a light shade of grey) => {04905381} charcoal, charcoal grey, charcoal gray, oxford grey, oxford gray -- (a very dark grey color) => {04905518} dapple-grey, dapple-gray, dappled-grey, dappled-gray -- (grey with a mottled pattern of darker grey markings) => {04905671} iron-grey, iron-gray -- (the color of freshly broken cast iron) => {04905776} tattletale grey, tattletale gray -- (a greyish white) => {14726344} iron blue, steel grey, steel gray, Davy's grey, Davy's gray -- (slightly purplish or bluish dark grey) => {04917597} coloration, colouration -- (appearance with regard to color; "her healthy coloration") => {04917797} hair coloring -- (coloring of the hair; "her hair-coloring was unusual: a very pale gold") => {04917928} pigmentation -- (coloration of living tissues by pigment) => {04918098} chromatism -- (abnormal pigmentation) => {04918176} melanoderma -- (abnormally dark skin caused by increased deposits of melatonin) => {04918296} depigmentation -- (absence or loss of pigmentation (or less than normal pigmentation) in the skin or hair) => {04918479} poliosis -- (loss of color from the hair) => {04920401} protective coloration -- (coloration making an organism less visible or attractive to predators) => {04920611} aposematic coloration, warning coloration -- (conspicuous coloration or markings of an animal serving to warn off predators; "a skunk's aposematic coloration") => {04920812} apatetic coloration -- (coloring serving as natural camouflage) => {04920916} cryptic coloration -- (coloring that conceals or disguises an animal's shape) => {04918561} complexion, skin color, skin colour -- (the coloring of a person's face) => {04918856} paleness, blondness, fairness -- (the property of having a naturally light complexion) => {04919021} ruddiness, rosiness -- (a healthy reddish complexion) => {04919170} lividness, lividity, luridness, paleness, pallidness, pallor, wanness, achromasia -- (unnatural lack of color in the skin (as from bruising or sickness or emotional distress)) => {04919555} sallowness -- (a sickly yellowish skin color) => {04919659} tawniness -- (the quality or state of being the color of tanned leather; "the tawniness of his complexion") => {04919825} darkness, duskiness, swarthiness -- (a swarthy complexion) => {04919980} whiteness -- (lightness or fairness of complexion; "only the whiteness of her cheeks gave any indication of the stress from which she was suffering") => {04920170} nonsolid color, nonsolid colour, dithered color, dithered colour -- (a color produced by a pattern of differently colored dots that together simulate the desired color) `The WordNet 'color' sense 1 is ambiguous between the general type (this type) and the individual attributes: in WordNet: 1. (51) color, colour, coloring, colouring - (a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect; 'a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light')`
Super-classes	InternalAttribute^c PhysicalAttribute^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op only ColorAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	AchromaticColor^c PrimaryColor^c ChromaticColor^c Complexion^c

ColorAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorAttribute`
Description	Each class of a ColorAttribute forms a region with more specific classes of ColorAttribute forming subregions. The actual instances are the individual unique colors of specific objects, but those instances are not typically reified (they are similar to 'tropes' in some treatments), rather the subtype of 'ColorAttribute' representing the class of all similar colors is used as the value for 'hasColor'. (See 'AttributeValue for additional discussion of tropes). Each color has its own values of hue, saturation, and brightness (intensity). At this point (r863), the manner of mixing those facets of color to form a specific color is not represented in COSMO. The WordNet 'color' sense 1 is ambiguous between the general type (this type) and the individual attributes: in WordNet: 1. (51) color, colour, coloring, colouring - (a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect; 'a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light')
Super-classes	ColorProperty^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PastelColored^c Assembled^c Hue^c HairColorValue^c Colored^c Opaque^c AlabasterColor^c PuttyColor^c White^c BisqueColor^c GrayColor^c PartlyColored^c Turbid^c BuffColor^c Pale^c Saturation^c Stained^c BeigeColor^c Yellowish^c Translucent^c Milky^c Transparent^c Grayish^c NotWhite^c

ColorAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorAttributeType`
Description	Each class of a ColorAttribute forms a region with more specific classes of ColorAttribute forming subregions.
Super-classes	AppearanceType^c QualitativeAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	HairColorType^c ReddishAttributeType^c
Members	LightColored BackgroundColor Brown-HairColor Yellowish Greenish Dark CamelColor CarmineColor ModerateBrown-Color IndigoColor NavyColor Translucent GreenColor PastelColor IvoryColor BuffColor CreamColor KhakiColor Milky Brownish YellowishGray-Color Transparent BlackishGreen-Color SlateColor Blackish GoldColored ReddishBlack-Color OrangeBackground Pallid Ecru AchromaticColor LightBlue-Color BlackishPurple-Color SilverColor AmberColor BlondeColor ChromaticColor Saturation ShadeOfColor OrangeColor PastelColored ColorNetworked OchreColor Assembled Black Stained GreenishGray-Color BlackishBlue-Color CeruleanColor Tan YellowishWhite-Color Hue DarkBluishGray-Color Colorless BrownishBlack-Color PitchBlack Opaque DeepGreenColor AlabasterColor NotWhite GreenishWhite-Color PuttyColor White BisqueColor YellowColor DeepYellowGreen-Color GrayColor MustardColor Turbid SolidColored BrownColor UltramarineColor Bluish TurquoiseColor Pale GreenishBlack-Color Grayish AmberColored Blue LightBrown TwoToned DarkBlondeColor BeigeColor BlackishRed-Color

ColorChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorChange`
Description	Each 'ColorChange' is a Change in the value of the ColorType for some particular PhysicalObject. NOTE that this is an overall color change - to represent adding a surface pattern to a surface, use 'AddingaSurfacePattern''. see also''CausingAnAttributeChange''
Super-classes	AttributeValueChange^c
Restrictions	hadAttributeTypeChanged^op value Color^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeFromColorlessToRed

ColorNetworked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorNetworked

Description

''ColorNetworked'' is a subattribute of ''Patterned'', being an Attribute of a SheetOfSomeStuff or of a surface that has one dominant background color with any 'network' pattern of other colors, such as black or white, that are neither spots (dots) nor mostly unconnected ''Stripes''. The subtypes can specify the dominant background color. This set of lines can be part of a pattern that includes other types of objects such as dots.

       This type of coloration is seen on, among other things, butterflies such as
         the ''MonarchButterfly''.

Super-classes Patterned^c

ColorProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorProperty`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'color property' in WordNet: 1. color property - (an attribute of color)`
Super-classes	VisualProperty^c
Sub-classes	ColorAttribute^c

Colored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colored`
Description	The AttributeValue exhibited by an Object or Substance that is not white or transparent. For COSMO use, off-white, which may be caused by aging or grime accumulation, is not considered 'Colored'. `Corresponds to adj sense 1 of 'colored' in WordNet: 1. (13) colored, coloured, colorful - (having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination; 'colored crepe paper'; 'the film was in color'; 'amber-colored heads of grain')`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Reddish^c Monochromatic^c OrangeColor^c SlateColor^c Greenish^c IndigoColor^c Colorful^c AmberColored^c SolidColored^c Blackish^c Variegated^c Brownish^c BackgroundColor^c CarmineColor^c NavyColor^c UltramarineColor^c Bluish^c MultiColored^c DarklyColored^c

ColoredGlassObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColoredGlassObject`
Description	A ''ColoredGlassObject'' is an Object (usually small) consisting of ''Glass'' that is not transparent and has some distinctive color. This can be as large as a colored glass vase (e.g. of 'depression glass') or a small piece used as one point in a ''Mosaic''.
Super-classes	ColoredThing^c HairOnHead-Human^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Glass^c

ColoredStoneObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColoredStoneObject`
Description	A ''ColoredStoneObject'' is an Object (usually small) consisting of ''Stone'' that has some distinctive inherent color (is not painted). This is usually a small piece such as one that can be used as one point in a ''Mosaic''.
Super-classes	ColoredThing^c HairOnHead-Human^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Stone^c

ColoredThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColoredThing`
Description	An instance of #$ObjectTypeBySensibleFeature and a specialization of #$VisibleThing. Each instance of #$ColoredThing is a #$SpatialThing-Localized which has some #$ChromaticColor (q.v.). An instance of #$ColoredThing need not be (chromatically) colored all over; it is sufficient that some part of it is (chromatically) colored. Thus, for example, while a completely clear window would not be an instance of #$ColoredThing, a window with a bright red pattern etched onto (part of) it would be. #$ColoredThing is disjoint with #$ColorlessThing (q.v.)
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasAttribute^op value Colored^c
Sub-classes	BlackHair^c BlondeHair^c ColoredGlassObject^c ColoredStoneObject^c RedHair^c

Colorful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colorful`
Description	''Colorful'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that has a bright color or multiple bright colors. If it has multiple bright colors but is not striking (''Pretty''), it would be ''Multicolored''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'colorful' in WordNet: 1. (6) colorful, colourful - (having striking color; 'colorful autumn leaves')`
Super-classes	Pretty^c Colored^c
Sub-classes	BrilliantlyColored^c

ColorfullyInteresting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorfullyInteresting`
Description	''ColorfullyInteresting'' is an AttributeValue of something (Actions,People) that are interesting due to some unusual characteristics that are attractive or amusing or unusually varied. `Similar to RHW sense 2 and 3 of 'colorful': 2. richly eventful or picturesque: a colorful historical period. 3. presenting or suggesting vivid or striking scenes: a colorful narrative. Correspond to adjective sense 2 of'colorful' in WordNet: 2. (3) colorful, colourful - (striking in variety and interest; 'a colorful period of history'; 'a colorful character'; 'colorful language')`
Super-classes	Diverse^c Interesting^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c Salient^c
Sub-classes	Flamboyant^c

Coloring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coloring`
Description	''Coloring'' is an intentional ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event in which the Agetn is a Person and the attribute changed is a ''Color''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'color' in WordNet: 1. (7) color, colorize, colorise, colourise, colourize, colour, color in, colour in - (add color to; 'The child colored the drawings'; 'Fall colored the trees'; 'colorize black and white film')`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value ColoringMaterial^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op some ColorAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Dyeing^c ApplyingPaint^c

ColoringMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColoringMaterial`
Description	A ''ColoringMaterial'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that is used to make something appear with a specific color, whether only on the surface (as with ''Paint'') or throughout the body of the object or material, such as dyes (e.g. those used in foods and beverages and confections). The ''Dye' used could be in a liquid or soloid form when applied. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coloring material' in WordNet: 1. coloring material, colouring material, color, colour - (any material used for its color; 'she used a different color for the trim')`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Coloring^c
Sub-classes	Dye^c

Colorless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colorless

Description

The attribute of having no perceptible color (not absorbing more than 5% of visible light) when light is viewed through a 20 cm thickness of an object or substance. NOte that 'Colorless' is a function not only of the substance, but of its state of division. A Colorless powder consisting of a Colorless substance may, because of scattering (not absorption), be 'Opaque'. Water, air, and the clear crystal glasses are Colorless, as are many other substances.

    This is the attribute of ''Varnish'', which might have a slight 
      yellowish color, but is essentially transparent.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'colorless' in Wordnet:
          2. colorless, colourless - (weak in color; not colorful)

Super-classes Transparent^c

Colossal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colossal

Description

''Colossal'' is a more intensive subtype of ''Huge'' (subtype of 'l'Large'') -

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'colossal' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) colossal, prodigious, stupendous - (so great in size or force or extent 
             as to elicit awe; 'colossal crumbling ruins of an ancient temple';
             'has a colossal nerve'; 'a prodigious storm'; 'a stupendous field of grass';
             'stupendous demand')

Super-classes Huge^c

Colt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colt

Description

A young male Horse. Under four years (WN?) or under one year (CYC?).

      CYC: The collection of juvenile #$Horses that are
        #$MaleAnimals.  A young male horse is a #$Colt at least
        until he is a year old.  If he is castrated, he becomes a
        #$Horse-Gelding, and if he is not, he becomes a #$Horse-Stallion.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colt' in WordNet:
        1. (2) colt - (a young male horse under the age of four)

Super-classes MaleAnimal^c
Foal^c

Column^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Column`
Description	This ''Column'' represents the architectural 'columns' used for supporting structures or parts of a structure; usually round and larger than a post or beam. When in use it has the attribute ''Vertical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'column' in Wordnet: 7. (1) column, pillar - ((architeture) a tall cylindrical vertical upright and used to support a structure)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c RigidObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c

ColumnShape^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColumnShape

Description

A ''ColumnShape'' is a three-dimensional shape that is like a rod, but larger and usually oriented vertically, The cross-section does not have to be precisely cirular, just approximate, as would be a tornado with a long 'funnel'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pillar' in WordNet:
       2. column, tower, pillar - (anything tall
          and relatively thin that approximates the shape of
          a column or tower; 'the test tube held a column of white powder';
          'a tower of dust rose above the horizon'; 'a thin pillar of smoke 
          betrayed their campsite')

Super-classes Shape^c

ColumnValueString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColumnValueString`
Description	A ColumnValueString is an AbstractString that represents the value for a column in a DatabaseTableColumn. This Type serves a function in allowing the actual values of database fields to be represented in the ontology, when needed to properly interpret the database. Its motivating use is to permit an ontology to specify which values in a particular DatabaseTableColumn are used to flag that a particular record represent a particular Type, when the whole Table represents more than one Type of ontology entity. When there is only one column that satisfies the relation 'hasDistinguishingColumn', the value in that column will specify what type of entity is represented by each particular record. To assure that each instance of this Type has a unique name, the actual string value can be prefixed by a concatenation of the DatabasePrefix, the DatabaseTablePrefix, and the Column name. Thus the value 'E' in field 'EorM' of table 'Employee' of database 'Payroll' might have the name: 'PAY__EMP__EORM__E'. Such a name can be parsed to recover the information as to in what field in what database it is used. The datatype string representation can be represented if necessary (e.g. if it uses characters that are not allowed in the name of an instance, and therfore cannot be recovered by parsing the name of the ColumnValueString) by use of the relation 'hasStringRepresentation'.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
In domain of	isUsedInTable^op
In range of	hasDistinguishingColumnValue^op

Columnist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Columnist`
Description	A ''Columnist'' is a ''Journalist who writes more than one 'column' - a short essay (on any topic) that appears in a periodical.. Often such columns appear once or more weekly, over years `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'columnist' (is every column an 'editorial'?) in WordNet: 1. (1) columnist, editorialist - (a journalist who writes editorials)`
Super-classes	Writer^c Journalist^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op min 2

Columns^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Columns`
Description	''Columns'' is a Group of ''Column''s on a single structure - outside or inside. This can serve as the referent for discussions of 'the colums' of a structure.
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Column^c

Coma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coma`
Description	A ''Coma'' is a deep and prolonged 'Unconsciousness'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coma' in WordNet: 1. (1) coma, comatoseness - (a state of deep and often prolonged unconsciousness; usually the result of disease or injury)
Super-classes	Unconsciousness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Comatose^c

Comatose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comatose`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'comatose' in Wordnet: 2. comatose - (in a state of deep and usually prolonged unconsciousness; unable to respond to external stimuli; "a comatose patient")`
Super-classes	Unconscious^c

Comb^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comb

Description

A Device that fits in the hand, generally flat but containing multiple narrow parallel tines narrowly spaced, used mostly to straighten tangled hair or fur.

      Includes but is broader than CYC 'CombForHair'
      CYC:  The collection of all combs for combing hair

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comb' in WordNet:
      1. (3) comb - (a flat device with narrow pointed teeth on one edge;
        disentangles or arranges hair)

Super-classes HandTool^c

Combat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Combat`
Description	'Combat' is the ''FunctionalProcess'' (not an Event) that typically occurs during a 'MilitaryEngagement' (but sometimes between small local armed groups) and which, if exended over some period of time among military forces, results in a 'MilitaryEngagement' (i.e. a complete Battle). NOTE that this is for the FunctionalProcess occurring during a MilitaryEngagement, and is not the complete ''Event'' of a MilitaryEngagement. `Corresponds to he military part of noun sense 2 of 'combat' and noun sense 5 of 'action' in WordNet: 2. (1) fight, fighting, combat, scrap - (the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; 'a fight broke out at the hockey game'; 'there was fighting in the streets'; 'the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap') WN 'action': 5. (49) military action, action - (a military engagement; 'he saw action in Korea')`
Super-classes	FunctionalProcess^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingEvent^op value MilitaryEngagement^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryAssault^c Gunfight^c

CombatSportsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CombatSportsEvent`
Description	Sports which involve constrained physical combat: boxing, judo, wrestling, karate, fencing. Protective gear is often worn. A veneer of scoring is added, but these are basically attempts for one individual to subdue another within a set of rules.
Super-classes	SportsEvent^c Fight-Physical^c
Sub-classes	WrestlingSportsEvent^c BoxingMatch^c Bullfight^c KarateEvent^c MartialArtsSportsEvent^c

CombatZone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CombatZone`
Description	The area in the Course of Action representation that is required by combat forces for the conduct of operations has the attribute #$CombatZone. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'combat zone' in WordNet: 2. combat zone, combat area - (a military area where combat forces operate)`
Super-classes	MilitarySector^c TacticalArea^c OutdoorObject^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value MilitaryEngagement^c
Sub-classes	Bridgehead^c

Combatant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Combatant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'combatant' in WordNet: 1. combatant, battler, belligerent, fighter, scrapper - (someone who fights (or is fighting))`
Super-classes	Warrior^c MilitaryPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MilitaryEngagement^c

Combination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Combination`
Description	A Combination is a Group that contains more than one type of entity. It can be abstract, concrete, or a substance. It is the result of a Combining event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'combination' in WordNet: 1. (20) combination - (a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities)`
Super-classes	PluralThing^c
Sub-classes	Patchwork^c

Combined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Combined`
Description	''Combined'' is an Attribute of Objects Or Substances that that have been 'combined', that is mixed together to form some kind of ''Combination''. The subtype ''Concerted'' is also a combination,but of the efforts of people toward some Goal. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'combined' in WordNet: 2. (2) combined - (made or joined or united into one)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Unified^c Amalgamated^c Consolidated^c Concerted^c ElectronicallyIntegrated^c

CombingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CombingSomething`
Description	The Action of 'CombingSomething' is to use a 'Comb' to straighten out or clean hair or fur, or anything else that consists of multiple fibers. `Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'comb' in WordNet: 1. (1) comb - (straighten with a comb; 'comb your hair') 2. (1) comb, ransack - (search thoroughly; 'They combed the area for the missing child') 3. (1) comb, comb out, disentangle - (smoothen and neaten with or as with a comb; 'comb your hair before dinner'; 'comb the wool')`
Super-classes	MaintainingAnObject^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Comb^c

Combining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Combining`
Description	COSMO: 'Combining' is interpreted more broadly than in SUMO to include combinations of substances and abstract objects as well as PhysicalObjects. The result of Combining is a Combination. For the Action of intentionally mixing substances together, use ''MixingSubstances''. For the more specific sense of 'Uniting' more than one Object to form a larger Object with its own identity, use 'Uniting'. To form a new type of material by adding together components,use ''Mixing'. SUMO: A Process where two or more SelfConnectedObjects are incorporated into a single SelfConnectedObject. Note that Combining is different from Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects being part of the other, while Attaching only results in the two objects being connected with one another. Note too that Combining is different from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are combined may or may not be moved from the location where they were combined.. This is a broad sense of 'combine' that includes senses 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of 'combine' in Wordnet: 1. (16) compound, combine - (put or add together; 'combine resources') 3. (10) compound, combine - (combine so as to form a whole; mix; 'compound the ingredients') 4. (4) combine - (add together from different sources; 'combine resources') 5. (2) combine - (join for a common purpose or in a common action; 'These forces combined with others') 6. (1) aggregate, combine - (gather in a mass, sum, or whole) 7. (1) blend, flux, mix, conflate, commingle, immix, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge - (mix together different elements; 'The colors blend well') WN intransitive verb 'coalesce': 2. (1) coalesce - (fuse or cause to grow together)
Super-classes	Creation^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Combination^c
Sub-classes	Incorporating^c CompilingSomething^c Consolidating^c MultistepChemicalSynthesis^c Mixing^c ChemicalSynthesis^c Uniting^c Reuniting^c ConsolidatingAction^c Desegregating^c

Combustibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Combustibility`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'combustibility' in Wordnet: 1. combustibility, combustibleness, burnability - (the quality of being capable of igniting and burning)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c Quality^c Ability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Combustion^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Combustible^c
Sub-classes	Flammability^c

Combustible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Combustible`
Description	''Combustible'' `For the more highly combustible materials use ''Flammable''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'combustible' in WordNet: 1. combustible - (capable of igniting and burning) WN adj 'flammable': 1. flammable, inflammable - (easily ignited)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Flammable^c

CombustibleFuelSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CombustibleFuelSubstance`
Description	The substances usually used as fuels.
Super-classes	ConsumableProduct^c EnergySource^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Combustible^c
Sub-classes	NaturalGas^c Propane^c Charcoal^c BiomassAsFuel^c Firewood^c Coal^c Peat-Dried^c HeatingOil^c

CombustibleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CombustibleObject`
Description	A ''CombustibleObject'' is a solid ''OrganicObject'' that is capable of burning in air (i.e. performing ''Combustion''). This is 'organic' because it typically consists of wood or paper or wax. `The substance should be a different type - most of the WN meaning is captured in ''Fuel''. Corresponds approximately (but her it is an Object made of combustible material) to noun sense 1 of 'combustible' in WordNet: 1. combustible, combustible material - (a substance that can be burned to provide heat or power)`
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flammable^c
Sub-classes	BurningObject^c

CombustibleSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CombustibleSubstance`
Description	A CombustibleSubstance is a substance (liquid or solid or gas) (e.g. gasoline or paper) which can burn in air in a self-sustaining combustion process, once ignited. Every liquid that is a CombustibleSubstance has a FlashPoint. `NOTE that in COSMO 'Fuel' is an ArtificialSubstance, and a subtype of this type.`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Fuel^c
In domain of	hasFlashPoint^op

Combustion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Combustion`
Description	An Event in which something burns. This is usually in air, but burning in another oxidant such pure oxygen (e.g. in rockets or oxy-acetylene torches) or chlorine gas is included (though it may never be necessary to represent it explicitly). It is in either case an 'oxidation' event, as classified by chemistry. ''Combustion'' may not be complete, and combustible material may be left after a fire dies out' one product of incomplete combustion is ''Soot''. For burning freely in Air see ''Fire''. For the transitive sense of causing something to combust, use 'SettingSomethingOnFire'. SUMO: The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which an Object reacts with oxygen and gives off heat. This includes all Processes in which something is burning. Cyc: (CombustionProcess) A collection of events, and a specialization of #$EnergyConversionProcess and #$DecompositionProcess. Each #$CombustionProcess is an event in which rapid oxidation is taking place. These always have heat as an output and often involve emission of light as well (typically, #$Flames). The #$objectActedOn in a #$CombustionProcess is at least partly consumed. See also #$Flammability. In WordNet, Combustion is a process, not an Event. In COSMO every physical Event has an associated FunctionalProcess, so the Event can be used to represent the process as well. Combustion in WordNet is a hypernym of the process sense of 'fire', and in COSMO these are also related by parent-subtype relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'combustion' and noun sense 1 of 'burning' and verb sense 3 of 'burn' in WordNet: 1. (2) combustion, burning - (a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light) WN verb 'burn': 3. (10) burn, combust - (undergo combustion; 'Maple wood burns well')
Super-classes	ChemicalDecomposition^c EnergyConversionProcess^c Oxidation^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value DangerousSituation^c
Sub-classes	Flame^c Fire^c Ignition^c Incinerating^c

CombustionDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CombustionDevice`
Description	The #$Collection #$CombustionDevice contains all of those #$PhysicalDevices which can play the role of #$deviceUsed in an instance of #$SettingSomethingOnFire. Notable subcollections include #$Match-FireStarter, #$IncendiaryDevice, and #$PyrotechnicDevice. `COSMO NOTE: such a Device can itself burn, therefore it can perform 'Combustion''`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value SettingSomethingOnFire^c performsAction^op value Combustion^c
Sub-classes	Match-FireStarter^c CigaretteLighter^c Fuse^c PyrotechnicDevice^c

Comedian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comedian`
Description	SUMO: Positions which involve performing stand-up comedy, which is recorded and/or performed in front of live audiences. `NOTE that in CYC and WN a ''Clown' is a ''comedian'' so this type does not have to tell jokes - that is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comedian' in Wordnet: 1. (4) comedian, comic - (a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comical acts)`
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c
Sub-classes	Clown^c

Comedy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comedy`
Description	A''Comedy''' is a ''DramaticComposition'' in which the fortune of the protagonist(s) of the Drama does not end badly, and in the interim provides mirth and amusement. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comedy' in WordNet: 1. (18) comedy - (light and humorous drama with a happy ending)`
Super-classes	DramaticComposition^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Mirth^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Humorous^c
Sub-classes	Farce^c Melodrama^c SitCom^c

Comer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comer`
Description	A ''Comer'' is a 'SuccessfulPerson' who has achieved important goals and shows promise of becoming prominent by additional more important achievements. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comer' in WordNet: 1. (1) comer - (someone with a promising future)`
Super-classes	SuccessfulPerson^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Promising^c

Comet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comet

Description

CYC: The collection of all comets moving under the influence of our Sun. In AstronomyMt this collection might also include comets outside the Solar System.

        COSMO note: this includes the tail of the comet.  For the 
           head alone, the solid part, use 'CometHead'.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comet' in WordNet:
           1. (1) comet - ((astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of
             a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit)

Super-classes OuterSpaceObject^c

CometHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CometHead`
Description	A 'CometHead' is the solid part of a Comet, excluding any emitted gases or ions that can be seen as the 'tail'. `The Wordnet sense 17 of 'head' is interpreted as only a CometHead - other type of bulge seem to be elsewhere. in WordNet: 17. head - (a rounded compact mass; 'the head of a comet')`
Super-classes	OuterSpaceObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Comet^c

Comfort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comfort`
Description	Comfort is the Feeling that a person has when s/he is relaxed and has no disagreeable sensations. NOTE this is the parent type for both mental and physical 'comfort' NOTE that 'living in comfort' is not included in this sense. (@ToDo: as of r973, not represented) This represents the state when one is neither positively or negatively affected by internal concerns. The subtype ''Contentment'' is the feeling achieved when one is positively satisfied by gratification of some desires, with few or no offsetting concerns. This includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (5) comfort, comfortableness - (a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain; 'he is a man who enjoys his comfort'; 'she longed for the comfortableness of her armchair') 2. (5) comfort - (a feeling of freedom from worry or disappointment)
Super-classes	Relaxed-Feeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Comfortable^c
Sub-classes	Contentment^c PhysicalComfort^c MentalComfort^c

Comfortable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comfortable`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Comfort. This includes mental and physical comfort. To be 'comfortable' is to live without pain or stress. NOTE that the word 'comfortable' is also used as a label for an attribute of objects that cause people to feel comfort; these two senses are mixed in WordNet sense 1 of 'comfortable': see below. Corresponds to adj sense 2 of 'comfortable' in WordNet: 2. (2) comfortable - (free from stress or conducive to mental ease; having or affording peace of mind; 'was settled in a comfortable job, one for which he was well prepared'; 'the comfortable thought that nothing could go wrong'; 'was comfortable in his religious beliefs'; 'she's a comfortable person to be with'; 'she felt comfortable with her fiance's parents'). WN WN NOTE that sense 1 in WordNet mixes two senses, and in part WN corresponds to this sense; the last 3 quotes should be this WN sense 1. (17) comfortable, comfy - (providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief ('comfy' is informal); 'comfortable clothes'; 'comfortable suburban houses'; 'made himself comfortable in an armchair'; 'the antihistamine made her feel more comfortable'; 'are you comfortable?'; 'feeling comfy now?')
Super-classes	Relaxed^c
Sub-classes	Untroubled^c Cozy^c

Comfortably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comfortably

Description

''Comfortably'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifes adjectives or assertions about Actions, and expresses the notion that the Action characterized is or can be performed with 'Comfort', i.e. the agent would be ''Comfortable'' dong the action.

   Includes adverb sense 1 of 'comfortably' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) comfortably - (in mental comfort; without stress; 
              'he works comfortably on three continents')
      2. (2) comfortably - (in physical comfort; 'she could have been lying
              comfortably in bed getting the same relief')
          3. well, comfortably - (in financial comfort; 'They live well';
               'she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Comforter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comforter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'comforter' in Wordnet: 3. quilt, comforter, puff - (bedding made of two layers of cloth filled with stuffing and stitched together)`
Super-classes	BedCover^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stuffed^c
Sub-classes	PatchworkQuilt^c

Comforting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comforting

Description

''Comforting'' is the attribute of something, that causes consolation, i.e. performs ''ProvidingMentalComfort''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'consoling' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) comforting, consolatory, consoling - (affording comfort or solace)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ComicBook^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComicBook

Description

An instance of a physical, printed magazine containing stories with pictorial content consisting of 'comic strips' (made up of cartoons).

    In CYC the conceptual content is called called 'ComicBookIssue'
       CYC: he collection of all #$MagazineIssues of
          #$ComicBookSeries.  Each #$ComicBookIssue is instantiated in
          many copies.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comic book' in Wordnet:
     1. (1) comic book - (a magazine devoted to comic strips)

Super-classes Magazine-Physical^c

ComicBookCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComicBookCharacter`
Description	A ''ComicBookCharacter'' is a ''FictionalCharacter'' that appears in some ''ComicBook'', or is derived from a character that appears in a ''ComicBook''..
Super-classes	FictionalCharacter^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value ComicBook^c
Sub-classes	Superman^c

Comics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comics`
Description	''Comics'' or 'the comics' is the collective term for all or some subset of ''Cartoon''s or ''CartoonStrip''s or ''ComicBook''s or the section(s) of a newspaper called the 'funnies'.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Cartoon^c hasComponentElement^op value ComicBook^c hasComponentElement^op value CartoonStrip^c

ComingApart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComingApart`
Description	''ComingApart'' is an intransitive ''SeparationEvent'' in which parts of some PhysicalObject that were connected lose their connection. `For a 'fragmenting' of a brittle object use subtype ''SplittingApart'' or its subtype ''Shattering''. Corresponds to verb senses 5 and part (for bread) of sense 8 of 'separate' in WordNet: 5. (3) separate, divide, part - (come apart; 'The two pieces that we had glued separated') WN noun 'separation': 2. (5) separation, breakup, detachment - (coming apart)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Sub-classes	SplittingApart^c BurstingApart^c

ComingLater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComingLater`
Description	Each ''ComingLater'' is an Event that ''occurredLaterThan'' (occurs later in time) some other Event. This is defined and always referenced relative to another Event, which comes before it in time. NOTE: This combines with the property ''occurredLaterThan'' (or, for the Event ocurring earlier in time,using ''occurredEarlierThan'' the preceding Event), to form part of a primitive notion of Events occurring in time sequence. `NOTE: the WN gloss is ambiguous but this type does not imply any causality between the preceding and folowing events. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'come after' in WordNet: 1. (2) follow, come after - (come after in time, as a result; 'A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake') WN verb 'postdate': 2. (50) postdate, follow - (be later in time; 'Tuesday always follows Monday')`
Super-classes	Event^c SituationRole^c
Restrictions	occurredLaterThan^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	ReplacingSomething^c SucceedingEvent^c Supplanting^c

ComingTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComingTogether`
Description	Each 'ComingTogether' is an Event in which two or more PhysicalObjects move from being more distant to being either together in some Container or in some definable Region. This is very general, and includes acts of Assembling, Packing, Compacting. This differs from 'Collecting' in that (1) it is less specific, in not requiring an agent to cause the things to come together, but (2) it is more specific, in requiring that the things that come together are PhysicalObjects. Note that inanimate things like clouds can 'gather' together. The use of this type requires that the location of the group that gathers together be specified. NOTE: this is a ''Translocation'', so something must move physically, but it is not necessary that more than one object move - a ''ComingTogether'' can result from only one object moving into the vicinity of another. For the static situation of two ''LongAndThinThing's being aligned so that some part of each occupies the same location,use ''Intersecting'. This general sense can be used for instances of inanimate objects 'coming together' into a perceptible group without the agency of an agent, as in: 'Heavy clouds packed together, signalling rain.' For this sense, use 'ComingTogether'. This may also be used for any natural accumulation process not already represented by a more specific type. Examples are the aggregation of minerals in ore formations, or formation of sediments on the bottom of bodies of water, or the aggregation of particles circling a star to form planets, etc. Includes verb sense 3 of 'gather' in WordNet: 3. (3) accumulate, cumulate, conglomerate, pile up, gather, amass - (collect or gather; 'Journals are accumulating in my office'; 'The work keeps piling up')
Super-classes	Translocation^c Converging^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Accumulation^c occurredAt^op some GenericLocation^c produced^op some LocalGroup^c
Sub-classes	Crowding^c Accreting^c Encounter^c GatheringTogether^c Gathering^c Assembling^c Drifting^c CompilingSomething^c Compacting^c MarshallingResources^c

Comma^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comma

Description

A ''Comma'' is a 'PunctuationMark' that signals the end of one part of a sentence, or serves to break the sentence into several phrases. It is used for many different purposes..

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comma' in WordNet:
      1. comma - (a punctuation mark (,) used to indicate 
       the separation of elements within the grammatical structure of a sentence)

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

CommaedListString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommaedListString`
Description	A CommaedListString is a ListString in which the individual entries are delimited by a single comma. In this case the recovered entried may have leading or trailing spaces, as well as internal spaces. Whether the leading or trailing spaces should be removed is up to the application.
Super-classes	ListString^c
Restrictions	hasDelimiter^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommaString^c

CommandContent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommandContent

Description

The LinguisticAssertion that is the result of a Commanding event. This is also the result of a Ordering event.

      In Cyc this is a type of 'IllocutionaryForce', which is not
      represented in COSMO as of v0.49
      Cyc: A kind of illocutionary force associated with
        commanding.  When illocutionary act has this illocutionary
        force, then the speaker intends to have the listener either
        carry out the action described in the utterance and/or bring
        about the situation described in the utterance.  The speaker
        in any given instance of #$Ordering-CommunicationAct
        presupposes that s/he has the authority to command those
        s/he adresses.  'Speaker' and 'listener' are
        broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any
        #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.

Super-classes RequestContent^c

CommandPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommandPhrase`
Description	A ''CommandPhrase'' is a Phrase that is produced by a Person transmitting a printed or oral ''Commanding'' to another Person. This type is expressed by both 'command' and 'order' ("That's an order!"). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'command' in WordNet: 1. (23) command, bid, bidding, dictation - (an authoritative direction or instruction to do something) WN noun 'order': 1. (26) order - ((often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed; 'the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London')`
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Ordering^c
Sub-classes	JudicialOrder^c RegulationText^c LawText^c

Commander^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commander`
Description	A generic ''Commander'' is a person who is part of an Organization ans has the authority from that Organization to order some other Person(s) to do things on threat of punishment for failure to obey; and this authority is part of the job. Not applicable to parents or classroom teachers. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commander' in WordNet: 2. (3) commander - (someone in an official position of authority who can command or control others)`
Super-classes	Leader^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value AssigningAgentToRole^c
Sub-classes	CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit^c

Commander-USArmyStaff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commander-USArmyStaff`
Description	CYC: A collection of instances of #$MilitaryOfficer. Each instance of this collection is the #$organizationHead of a #$StaffOrganization-USArmy. A commander is responsible for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling of military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions.
Super-classes	MilitaryOfficer^c CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit^c

CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit`
Description	The leader of a military unit of any size, including squads that are not led by officers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commanding officer' in WordNet: 1. (10) commanding officer, commandant, commander - (an officer in command of a military unit)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Commander^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c MilitaryPerson^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value AssigningAgentToRole^c
Sub-classes	Commander-USArmyStaff^c

Commando^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commando

Description

A ''Commando'' is a member of a highly trained elite military group who conducts dangerous raids.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commando' in WordNet:
         1. (2) commando, ranger - (a member of a military unit trained as shock troops 
                for hit-and-run raids)

Super-classes MilitaryPerson^c

Commemorating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commemorating`
Description	Each 'Commemorating' is an Event (which can be a PersistentState) that commemorates some event or person, or object. The subject of this type of Event may be a Person, or group of people, or (as with stamps and coins and plaques), an inanimate SymbolicObject. For meetings that serve to commorate something, use 'Commemoration'. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'commemorate' in WordNet (to provide a memorial); a 'CommemorativeObject' does not itself perform this action, though linguistically it can be said that way. See 'CommemorativeObject'. in WordNet: 3. commemorate, memorialize, memorialise, immortalize, immortalise, record - (be or provide a memorial to a person or an event; 'This sculpture commemorates the victims of the concentration camps'; 'We memorialized the Dead')`
Super-classes	ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)

CommemorationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommemorationEvent`
Description	An action that commemorates some event or person. In Cyc this apparently requires more than one person to participate. We adopt that interpretation. However, this is not necessarily a major formal event - a smallbirthday party would be an instance. CYC 'Commemoration':An action that commemorates some event or person. NOTE that the production of a 'CommemorativeObject' can also be an instance of this type. The 'CommemorativeObject' itself is a symbolic object, and the PersistentState in which it 'commemorates' something . Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'commemorate' in WordNet (to provide a memorial); a 'CommemorativeObject' does not itself perform this action, though linguistically it can be said that way. See 'CommemorativeObject'. in WordNet: 3. commemorate, memorialize, memorialise, immortalize, immortalise, record - (be or provide a memorial to a person or an event; 'This sculpture commemorates the victims of the concentration camps'; 'We memorialized the Dead') WN noun 'commemoration': 1. commemoration, memorialization, memorialisation - (a ceremony to honor the memory of someone or something)
Super-classes	SocialGathering^c FormalMeeting^c ExternalReferringThing^c Ceremony^c
Restrictions	commemorates^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or Person^c or Event^c) hasTopic^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or Person^c or Event^c)
Sub-classes	Funeral^c BirthdayCelebration^c

CommemorativeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommemorativeObject`
Description	A 'CommemorativeObject' commemorates some person or Event, but is a SmallObject and is thus not a 'ConstructionArtifact'. This includes plaques, coins, and stamps, often issued on some anniversary of the thing commemorated. This has to be small enough to be carried, even if it happens to be affixed (as a plaque) to something immovable. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commemorative' in WordNet: 1. commemorative - (an object (such as a coin or postage stamp) made to mark an event or honor a person)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	commemorates^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Plaque^c

Commending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commending`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'commend' in WordNet: 1. (10) commend - (express approval of)`
Super-classes	Praising^c
Restrictions	produced^op value PraiseText^c

CommensurableQuantityGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommensurableQuantityGroup`
Description	A ''CommensurableQuantityGroup'' is a ''QuantityGroup'' all of whose elements have the same ''UnitOfMeasure' (which can be dimensionless). For dimensionless numbers use subtype ''GroupOfNumbers''. `ToDo: Add attributes: comparable and st in WordNet: 1. commensurable - (able to be measured by a common standard; 'hours and minutes are commensurable')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (RealNumber^c or PhysicalQuantity^c or MoneyMeasure^c or RatioQuantity^c)
Sub-classes	GroupOfNumbers^c
In range of	isTheAverageOf^op

Comment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comment`
Description	A short abstract LinguisticAssertion that pertains to some topic previously in focus. Each Comment is the product of a 'Commenting' Event. A Comment will often express a personal opinion (as suggested by the WordNet gloss), but this is not a necessary attribute: a comment can also be a factual observation, or someone passing on information from others. The main characteristics are that it is brief,and pertains to some specific topic that is already in the focus of some communication situation. `NOTE: in COSMO this is an abstract LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comment' and sense 1 of 'remark' in WordNet: 1. (24) remark, comment - (a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief; 'from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account')`
Super-classes	AddedObject^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some Commenting^c
Sub-classes	Reference^c Zinger^c

Commentary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commentary`
Description	A '''Commentary'' is the abstract representation of a Group of written ''Comment''s by one or more authors, distinguished from the component ''Comment''s by not being brief, and being more carefully thought out. The Comments can be on any topic. This can be added to an existing document or presented orally or in writing, and in any medium, speech, print, or broadcast or online,but in any case are or appear to be''Thoughtful'' (well thought out).. A single newspaper column may be a ''Commentary' if it gives thoughtful expert comments on some topic. Likewise an article in a magazine. This includes subtypes ''Evaluation'', and ''Critique''. NOTE: this is broader than the WN sense 1 of 'commentary': Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'commentary' in WordNet; this does not have to be added to a larger work,it can be a stand-alone evaluation of critique of a work, or a set of comments on any topic, object or event: in WordNet: 1. (4) comment, commentary - (a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material; 'he wrote an extended comment on the proposal')
Super-classes	FactualText^c LinguisticAssertion^c Group^c
Restrictions	wasAuthoredBy^op value Commentator^c hasComponentElement^op some Comment^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thoughtful^c
Sub-classes	Annotation^c ReviewArticle^c Evaluation^c

Commentator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commentator`
Description	A ''Commentator'' is a Person who provides a ''Commentary'' on some topic in any medium. This is now often used for television commentators. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commentator' in WordNet: 1. (2) observer, commentator - (an expert who observes and comments on something)`
Super-classes	Affiliate^c Expert^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op value Commentary^c

Commenting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commenting`
Description	Each 'Commenting' is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts something pertaining to some specific topic that is already in the focus of that agent and at least one other. Commenting often pertains to some previous linguistic communication, but it can focus on some action of an agent, or on some other non-linguistic object or phenomenon. The difference between Commenting and other types of assertion is that the product of a Commenting, a Comment, is short - often only one or a few sentences - and focused on a specific narrow topic, adding information to some previous information on that topic, never raising a new topic. `NOTE: 'point out' is also used to mean 'show the location of'. That sense should be included in ''PointingToSomething''. This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'comment' and sense 2 of 'remark' in WordNet: 2. comment, notice, remark, point out - (make or write a comment on; 'he commented the paper of his colleague')`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Comment^c
Sub-classes	Opining^c Criticizing^c

Commercial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commercial

Description

''Commercial'' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that concerns ''BusinessAsAnActivity'' or other things pertaining to commerce.

       Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'commercial' in WordNet:
         1. (22) commercial - (connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or 
           used in commerce or commercial enterprises; 'commercial trucker';
           'commercial TV'; 'commercial diamonds')
        2. (2) commercial - (of or relating to commercialism; 'a commercial attache';
            'commercial paper'; 'commercial law')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CommercialActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialActivity`
Description	A ''CommercialActivity'' is a ''BusinessEvent'' performed by a ''CommercialOrganization'' as one ''EconomicAction'' in its execution of ''BusinessAsAnActivity''s. COSMO note: added 'BusinessEvent' as a parent. Cyc distinguishes the two, but for COSMO 'BusinessEvent' will include any activity in furtherance of a business purpose. This differs from 'BusinessAsAnActivity' in that 'BusinessAsAnActivity' is viewed as the total aggregate of all business events, past, present and future, whereas each 'CommercialActivity' is one or some related Group of Events within some restricted time frame and location. Cyc: A collection of events and a specialization of both #$EconomicAction and #$Transaction. Instances of this collection include all types of buying, selling, offering to sell, offering to buy, marketing, paying for bought items, requesting bids, performing services for hire, advertising, etc. Its many specializations include #$LoanRepaying, #$Renting and #$ProductRecall. Though there is a great deal of overlap between this collection and #$BusinessEvent, they are not the same. Firstly, #$BusinessEvent does not include any purely social or recreational events (whereas a weekend swap-meet, for example, would be an instance of #$CommercialActivity). Secondly, not all activities carried out in pursuit of business interests fall under the definition of commercial activity above (consider head-hunting, for example). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commercial activity' in WordNet: 1. business activity, commercial activity - (activity undertaken as part of a commercial enterprise) WN noun sense 4 of 'business': 4. (122) business - (the volume of commercial activity; 'business is good today'; 'show me where the business was today')
Super-classes	EconomicAction^c BusinessEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CommercialOrganization^c isaComponentElementOf^op value BusinessAsAnActivity^c
Sub-classes	BusinessVenture^c CommercialPrinting^c Prostitution^c MoneyTransaction^c SalesActivity^c BuyingRelatedActivity^c TradingEvent^c CommercialFarming^c Kickback^c MarketingActivity^c CommercialCatering^c

CommercialBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialBuilding`
Description	SUMO: A Building which is intended for organizational activities, e.g. retail or wholesale selling, manufacturing, office work, hotel or other service facility, etc. Also: (subclass CommercialBuilding PlaceOfCommerce). `NOTE: This is a whole buiding used for some business purpose. For part of a building, use parent type ''PlaceOfBusiness'' or some other subtype of that.. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'place of business' in WordNet: 1. (3) place of business, business establishment - (an establishment (a factory or an assembly plant or retail store or warehouse etc.) where business is conducted, goods are made or stored or processed or where services are rendered)`
Super-classes	PlaceOfBusiness^c Building^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value BusinessEvent^c
Sub-classes	Warehouse^c HotelBuilding^c GamblingHouse^c

CommercialCatering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialCatering`
Description	''CommercialCatering'' is the action of a catering business that supplies food ready to eat for gatherings of people. This is not for waiters or waitresses at restaurants (use ''WaitingOnTables'') or for the hosts of a gathering who directly provide the food. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cater' in WordNet: 2. cater - (supply food ready to eat; for parties and banquets)`
Super-classes	Providing^c CommercialActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Caterer^c occursDuring^op value SocialGathering^c hadThingTransferred^op value Food-ReadyToEat^c

CommercialCompetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialCompetition`
Description	A ''CommercialCompetition'' is a ''Competition''s between two or more ''Business''es who sell goods or services for customers, to make profit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'competition' in WordNet: 1. (17) competition - (a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers; "business competition can be fiendish at times")`
Super-classes	Competition^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op min 2

CommercialFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialFacility`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$ConstructionArtifacts that are dedicated to serving as the #$physicalQuarters of some #$CommercialOrganization. `NOTE that 'Factory' is a subtype. If a government or non-profit organization can have a Factory for producing materials consumed by itself, then a Factory will have to be unlinked from 'CommercialFacility'. (Example: mint where coins are minted ? ) COSMO note: This is a broad category, but differs in COSMO from 'PlaceOfBusiness' in that some contact with customers (individuals or organizations) is one of the purposes of this facility, not merely back-office processing or administration.`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c PlaceOfBusiness^c
Sub-classes	ManufacturingFacility^c RepairFacility^c RetailStore^c FinancialFacility^c ServiceStation^c OfficeBuilding^c

CommercialFarming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialFarming`
Description	'CommercialFarming' is the subtype of 'Agriculture' that involves raising plants or animals for business purposes (for sale); this excludes private gardening, but includes breeding animals, even if on a small scale, if done for sale. `@include raising animals or growing crops (cultivation) Includes noun ense 1 and a subtype of sense 2 of 'agriculture' and noun sense 1 of 'agribusiness' in WordNet: 2. (1) farming, agriculture, husbandry - (the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock) WN non 'agribusiness': 1. (4) agribusiness, agriculture, factory farm - (a large-scale farming enterprise)`
Super-classes	CommercialActivity^c GrowingPlants^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large-scale^c
Sub-classes	GrowingGrapes^c GrowingGrainCrops^c

CommercialGravel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialGravel

Description

''CommercialGravel'' is 'Gravel' that has been produced by some intentional process to have certain properties. It may be sorted or bagged natural gravel, or drectly produced by crushing and sorting rock. Any gravel in a form prepared for shipping is ''CommercialGravel''.

      From the Wikipedia article on 'gravel':  
         Gravel is composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a general 
            particle size range and include size classes from granule- to boulder-sized 
            fragments. Gravel is sub-categorized by the Udden-Wentworth scale 
            into granular gravel (>2 to 4 mm or 0.079 to 0.157 in) and 
            pebble gravel (>4 to 64 mm or 0.2 to 2.5 in). One cubic yard of gravel 
            typically weighs about 3000 pounds (or a cubic metre is about 1,800 kilograms).
         Gravel is an important commercial product, with a number of applications.
            Many roadways are surfaced with gravel, especially in rural areas where 
            there is little traffic. Globally, far more roads are surfaced with gravel 
            than with concrete or tarmac; Russia alone has over 400,000 km (250,000 mi)
            of gravel roads.[citation needed] Both sand and small gravel are also 
            important for the manufacture of concrete.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravel' in WordNet:
          1. (3) gravel, crushed rock - (rock fragments and pebbles)

Super-classes Gravel^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

CommercialInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialInstrument`
Description	A 'CommercialInstrument'' is a ''Document-Physical'' that provides some (various types of) information related to 'commerce' (transactions,agreements, properties). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commercial instrument' in WordNet: 1. commercial document, commercial instrument - (a document of or relating to commerce)`
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c PhysicalEvidence^c
Restrictions	isEvidenceFor^op value One-TimePayment^c
Sub-classes	Coupon^c ReceiptVoucher^c

CommercialMerger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialMerger`
Description	A ''CommercialMerger'' is a ''Consolidating'' Event in which two or more ''CommercialOrganization''s combine to form a larger Organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merger' in WordNet: 1. (6) amalgamation, merger, uniting - (the combination of two or more commercial companies)`
Super-classes	ConsolidatingAction^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op min 2 produces^op value CommercialOrganization^c

CommercialOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialOrganization`
Description	COSMO: A ''Business'' that is an Organization. Cyc: A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$CommercialOrganization is an organization whose primary goal is to generate a profit for its owners, usually through the buying and selling of goods or services. A given instance of #$CommercialOrganization may also be an instance of #$Business, or it may merely be a sub-organization of some instance of #$Business. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'company' and sense 2 of 'enerprise' and part of sense 1 of 'business' (those that are organizations) in WordNet: 1. (807) company - (an institution created to conduct business; 'he only invests in large well-established companies'; 'he started the company in his garage') WN noun 'enterprise': 2. (5) enterprise - (an organization created for business ventures; 'a growing enterprise must have a bold leader') WN 'business': 1. (1268) business, concern, business concern, business organization, business organisation - (a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; 'he bought his brother's business'; 'a small mom-and-pop business'; 'a racially integrated business concern')
Super-classes	Business^c PrivateOrganization^c
Sub-classes	SellingOrganization^c HotelOrganization^c CommercialServiceOrganization^c Partnership^c Importer^c BusinessSubsidiary^c ChainOrganization^c CircusTroupe^c MediaOrganization^c RetailStore-ParentCompany^c PubliclyHeldOrganization^c Start-Up^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlyeskaPipelineServiceCompany http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FordMotorCompany http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lladro

CommercialPrinting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialPrinting`
Description	''CommercialPrinting' is the Action of ''Printing'' that is done for pay, and produces multiple copies of ''PrintedMaterial'' and and where the output of the Action is intended for sale or distribution to some large number of people.
Super-classes	CommercialActivity^c Printing^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value PrintingPress^c produced^op min 100

CommercialServiceOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialServiceOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$CommercialOrganization. Each instance of #$CommercialServiceOrganization is a commercial organization which sells some service(s), rather than tangible goods, as its main product. Some tangible goods may accompany or supplement the main service sold, but only as side products; for example, some instances of #$HairSalon sell hair care products.
Super-classes	CommercialOrganization^c ServiceOrganization^c CommercialServiceProvider^c
Sub-classes	InsuranceCompany^c AccountingFirm^c Railroad^c BankOrganization^c Airline^c ConstructionCompany^c FinancialCompany^c MarketMaker^c Publisher^c

CommercialServiceProvider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialServiceProvider`
Description	A ''CommercialServiceProvider'' is a ''ServiceProvider'' who provides a service for pay..
Super-classes	ServiceProvider^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value SellingaService^c wasaVendorTo^op value Client^c
Sub-classes	Licensed-Professional^c CommercialServiceOrganization^c

CommercialUseLicense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommercialUseLicense`
Description	A 'CommercialUseLicense' is a ''Permission'' to use a Patent or Copyright for commercial use, usually in return for paying a fee called a ''royalty'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'license' in WordNet: 1. (4) license, licence, permit - (a legal document giving official permission to do something)`
Super-classes	Permission^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some LegalAgent^c isOwnedBy^op value Licensee^c

Commercially^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commercially

Description

''Commercially'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that are associated with a ''CommercialActivity''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'commercially' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) commercially - (in a commercial manner; 'the product is commercially available')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Commission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commission`
Description	A ''Commission'' is a ''Committee'' that was created for a specific purpose, as by some Organization as a ''Suborganization'. The difference from a ''Committee'' is that a ''Commission'' must be created as a Suborganization whereas a ''Committee'' can be created ad hoc by any group of people. `RHW ;commision sense 8: . a group of persons authoritatively charged with particular functions: a parks commission. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'commission' in WordNet: 1. (27) committee, commission - (a special group delegated to consider some matter; 'a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours' - Milton Berle)`
Super-classes	Suborganization^c Committee^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value CommissionMember^c

Commission-Fee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commission-Fee`
Description	NOTE that a ''Commission-Fee'' may have a percentage value as an instance. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commission' in WordNet: 2. (1) commission - (a fee for services rendered based on a percentage of an amount received or collected or agreed to be paid (as distinguished from a salary); 'he works on commission')`
Super-classes	MoneyMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourPerCent

CommissionMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommissionMember`
Description	A ''CommissionMember'' is a ''Person'' who is a member of a ''Commission''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commissioner' in WordNet: 2. commissioner - (a member of a commission)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some Commission^c

CommissionedOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommissionedOfficer`
Description	CYC: The collection of all commissioned officers in military services. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commissioned officer' in WordNet: 1. commissioned officer - (a military officer holding a commission)`
Super-classes	MilitaryOfficer^c
Sub-classes	Lieutenant^c FlagOfficer^c BrigadierGeneral^c Colonel^c Major-Military^c Captain^c MilitaryGeneral^c MajorGeneral^c LieutenantColonel^c LieutenantGeneral^c

Commissioner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commissioner

Description

A ''Commissioner'' is an Administrator of a government division (bureau, adinistration) that is termed a 'commision'.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commissioner' in WordNet:
            1. (5) commissioner - (a government administrator)

Super-classes Administrator^c
Leader^c

Commitment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commitment

Description

A ''Commitment'' is a potentially weak form of mutual promise between two parties that is not necessarily legally binding, which can be created by an ''Agreement''

    FIBO note: 'Commitment' is  a concept in the FIBO ontology
      with no direct correlate in COSMO.  This appears to be
      a 'legally binding' promise, but not a contract.  IT is unclear
      from FIBO documentation what concept in US law corresponds to this.

    NOTE that in COSMO 'commitment' has a special meaning derived from
      FIBO, which includes some degree of reciprocality, so is not a parent of
      ''Pledging''.  This may need to be changed to include the more general meaning of
      'commitment'.

     (skos:editorialNote)The undertaking by some party to act or refrain from 
       acting results in an obligation on the part of that party, and usually 
       results in the existence of some corresponding right on the party of 
       some other party, in the event that the commitment is to such party. 
       Thus Obligations and Rights are considered as reciprocal aspects of this 
       Commitment concept.
    (skos:definition)A legal construct which represents the undertaking on the
      part of some party to act or refrain from acting in some manner.

    COSMO note: But if not a *mutual* promise with valid consideration on both sides,
       would this not be a 'nudum pactum'?

        Most closely corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commitment' in Wordnet:
            2. (2) commitment, allegiance, loyalty, dedication - (the act of binding yourself 
             (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action; 'his long commitment to public service'; 
             'they felt no loyalty to a losing team')
            3. (1) commitment - (an engagement by contract involving financial obligation;
             'his business commitments took him to London')

Super-classes ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement^c
Promise^c

Committed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Committed

Description

''Committed'' is the attribute of a Person that has 'dedicated him/herself' to some Person, Cause or Activity.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'committed' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) committed - (bound or obligated, as under a pledge 
           to a particular cause, action, or attitude; 'committed church members';
           'a committed Marxist')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Committee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Committee`
Description	An Organization that has a relatively small number of members, organized to deal with a specific Issue. If it is part of a larger Organization. it is represented as the subtype ''Commission'. The difference between a ''Committee'' and the subtype ''Commission'' is that a ''Commission'' must be created as a ''Suborganization whereas a ''Committee'' can be created ad hoc by any group of people. Includes sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'committee' in WordNet: 1. (16) committee, commission - (a special group delegated to consider some matter; 'a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours' - Milton Berle) 2. (1) committee, citizens committee - (a self-constituted organization to promote something)
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	SupervisoryBoard^c NobelPrizeCommittee^c Subcommittee^c Commission^c

CommitteeChairman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommitteeChairman`
Description
Super-classes	ChairPerson^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value Committee^c

CommitteeTask^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommitteeTask

Description

A ''CommitteeTask'' is some ''Task'' that is expected to be addressed by some committee or other group, and is expected to be discussed at a ''FormalMeeting''.

      Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'job' in WordNet:
         2. (15) job, task, chore - (a specific piece of work required 
             to be done as a duty or for a specific fee;
             'estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars';
             'the job of repairing the engine took several hours'; 
             'the endless task of classifying the samples'; 'the farmer's morning chores')

Super-classes Task^c

Committing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Committing`
Description	SUMO; Instances of this Class commit the agent to some future course, but with less strength and formality than the subtype ''MakingaPromise''. For example, Bob told Susan that he would be home by 11pm. `See also ''Commitment''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'commitment' in WordNet: 4. commitment, dedication - (a message that makes a pledge)`
Super-classes	Communication^c
Sub-classes	Offering^c Nominating^c MakingAPromise^c

CommittingAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommittingAnAction`
Description	''CommittingAnAction'' is a ''PerformingSomeAction'' in which the action performed is something ''Bad'' (often a crime). Therefore this type of Action is always used to represent doing ''Bad'' things. `RHW 'flagrante delicto': in the very act of committing the offense. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'commit' in WordNet: 1. (12) perpetrate, commit, pull - (perform an act, usually with a negative connotation; 'perpetrate a crime'; 'pull a bank robbery')`
Super-classes	PerformingSomeAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bad^c

CommoditiesExchange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommoditiesExchange`
Description	A ''CommoditiesExchange'' is a 'SecuritiesExchange'' where contracts for delivery of ''CommodityProduct''s can be bought and sold. certain items of value such as stocks, bonds or commodities can be traded. This ''Place'' is typically managed by some Organization such as the 'Chicago Board of Trade', which may manage a Physicalexchangea as well as a VirtualExchange. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commodities exchange' in WordNet: 1. commodity exchange, commodities exchange, commodities market - (an exchange for buying and selling commodities for future delivery)`
Super-classes	SecuritiesExchange^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities^c

Commodity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commodity

Description

A ''Commodity'' is a Product that is Substance or Object for which the right of ownership is traded on a 'commodities market' - in the form ofcontracts for delivery of some quantity of that commodity - by weight or volume - at some point in the future. This is one of the things traded in 'futures markets'. RHW 'commodity': 3. Stock Exchange. any unprocessed or partially processed good, as grain, fruits, and vegetables, or precious metals.

      * Also crude oil, pork bellies, and other metals.

    No WN sense precisely matches this.

Super-classes Product^c
Artifact-Generic^c

CommodityProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommodityProduct`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents as a 'substance' multiple numbers of certain PhysicalObjects which are distributed and sold in quantities that can be divided. This type is used to allow recognition of the 'substance-like' character of multiple numbers of objects that can be treated individually. There is a fuzzy border between objects like onions that are often sold in multiple quantities but are also handled as individual objects, and sand, which it rarely handled as individual objects. 'Onions' is a subtype of this category, but 'Sand' is not, being represented (as 'Sand') in a different ('natural') branch of the Substance hierarchy. This also includes certain metals that are traded on the commodities market; although they are packaged in certain units of PhysicalObjects (Gold or silver bars, ingots of iron) they are sold by weight and `Cyc: Commodities are those products for which the only relevant data are the quantity and the price (and possibly the location). That is, their quality is completely specified or describable in standardized terminology. Thus, fashion clothing is not a commodity, since opinions on it vary, whereas grade A extra large eggs are. The collection of all eggs is covered by various collections that are commodities, but is not itself an instance of commodity.`
Super-classes	ExistingStuffType^c
Sub-classes	HardCandy^c Lettuce-Foodstuff^c Licorice^c ParsnipRoot^c Antimony^c CucumberStuff^c Beans^c Pumpkin-Foodstuff^c BeanStuff^c Sauerkraut^c BeetStuff^c Peas^c Spinach^c Cabbage-Foodstuff^c RootVegetable^c Zucchini-Foodstuff^c CosLettuce^c Celery-Foodstuff^c

Common^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Common`
Description	An attribute of things - usually events, objects, or situations, but also of other types (e.g. time of occurence of some repeating event) - that are not unusual and too common (at least for its type) to be considered notable; synonyms: everyday, common, ordinary, unremarkable; for events, 'routine' and 'usual' would convey a similar meaning - see the subtype 'Routine'. Representing the meanings of the component senses will require FOL expressiveness. Corresponds to senses 4 and 5 of 'common' in RHW, modifying both objects and Events: 4. widespread; general; ordinary: common knowledge. 5. of frequent occurrence; usual; familiar: a common event; a common mistake. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'common' and sense 2 of 'familiar' and senses 1 and 2 of 'ordinary' in WordNet: WN 'common': 2. (15) common - (having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; 'the common man'; 'a common sailor'; 'the common cold'; 'a common nuisance'; 'followed common procedure'; 'it is common knowledge that she lives alone'; 'the common housefly'; 'a common brand of soap') WN 'familiar' 2. (2) familiar - (within normal everyday experience; common and ordinary; not strange; 'familiar ordinary objects found in every home'; 'a familiar everyday scene'; 'a familiar excuse'; 'a day like any other filled with familiar duties and experiences') WN 'ordinary' 1. (38) ordinary - (not exceptional in any way especially in quality or ability or size or degree; 'ordinary everyday objects'; 'ordinary decency'; 'an ordinary day'; 'an ordinary wine') 2. (4) average, ordinary - (lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered; 'average people'; 'the ordinary (or common) man in the street')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Standard^c Usual^c Banal^c Widespread^c Humdrum^c Orthodox^c

Common-Law^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Common-Law

Description

''Common-Law'' is an attribute that pertains to the ''CommonLaw'' and to cases or situations controlled by or specified in the CommonLaw, such as 'common-law' marriage.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'common-law' in Wordnet:
        1. common-law - (based on common law; 'a common-law right')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CommonCarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommonCarrier`
Description	A 'CommonCarrier' is an Organization or Person that provides transportation service to people, or for carrying freight, in return for payment. `The Wikipedia description fits this type: 'A common carrier in common law countries (corresponding to a public carrier in civil law systems, usually called simply a carrier) is a person or company that transports goods or people for any person or company and that is responsible for any possible loss of the goods during transport.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'common carrier' in WordNet: 1. carrier, common carrier - (a person or firm in the business of transporting people or goods or messages)`
Super-classes	ServiceProvider^c TransportationCompany^c LegalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Railroad^c Airline^c

CommonEndeavor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommonEndeavor`
Description	A ''CommonEndeavor'' is an ''Endeavor'' performed by some ''Group'' of two or more People (a ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople''). The people participatingn this ''ComonEndeavor'' may be working directl with each other ('collaborating'), or working independently toward the same goal of doing the same kind of novel thing. This activity can be in science, technology, or art, or any FieldOfStudy that can acquire new knowledge.
Super-classes	DoingThingsTogether^c Endeavor^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c

CommonFolk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommonFolk`
Description	The ''CommonFolk'' is a ''SocialGroup'' that form the majority ' of the population in some GeopoliticalEntity, and mostly excludes the intellectual, fnnancial and social 'elites'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'common people' in WordNet: 1. (14) folk, folks, common people - (people in general (often used in the plural); 'they're just country folk'; 'folks around here drink moonshine'; 'the common people determine the group character and preserve its customs from one generation to the next')`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c Majority^c Role^c
Sub-classes	GrassRoots^c

CommonJuniper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommonJuniper

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'common juniper' in WordNet:
         1. common juniper, Juniperus communis - (densely branching shrub 
            or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; 
            widespread in northern hemisphere; only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland)

Super-classes Juniper^c

CommonLaw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommonLaw

Description

''CommonLaw'' is a form of ''Jurisprudence'' that concerns itself with the etablishment of laws by precedent as contrasted with 'civil law' where the law is stricty interpreted according to statute.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'common law' in WordNet:
         1. (1) case law, precedent, common law - ((civil law)
             a law established by following earlier judicial decisions)

Super-classes Jurisprudence^c

CommonMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommonMan`
Description	Each ''CommonMan'' is aPerson (of any sex or age) who is not among ''TheElite'' or otherwise within some distinctive Group of people. Someone who is not distinguished by some special characteristic (in some context). `RHW: 'a common person, as distinguished from one with rank, status, etc.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commoner' in WordNet: 1. (1) commoner, common man, common person -- (a person who holds no title) (the common people generally; 'separate the warriors from the mass'; 'power to the people')`
Super-classes	Person^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value TheMasses^c
Sub-classes	Layman^c Woodman^c Rustic^c

CommonSnappingTurtle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommonSnappingTurtle

Description

Generic ''SnappingTurtle'' has at east two species.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'common snapping turtle' in WordNet:
          1. common snapping turtle, snapper, Chelydra serpentina - (large-headed turtle
             with powerful hooked jaws found in or near water; prone to bite)

Super-classes SnappingTurtle^c
Species^c

Commonality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commonality

Description

''Commonality'' is the PersistentState of a Group that has something in common. This also implies that there is some kind of ''Similarity'' between members of the Group. The ''SimilarityGroup'' is pointed to by the parent ''Similarity''.

     The difference between this and parent ''Similarity'' is not yet
       specified.


     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commonality' in WordNet:
       2. commonality, commonness - (sharing of common attributes)

Super-classes Similarity^c
Quality^c

Communal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Communal

Description

''Communal'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to a ''Community'' of some type.

     NOTE: the type of community this refers to can be determined in general only by 
       analysis if the context of usage of the term.  This may be possible to do automatically,
       and if so, it may be possible to distinguish subattributes logically.
       Perhaps the degree of organization of the group?
       For the ''GovernmentalCommune''

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'communal' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) communal - (for or by a group rather than individuals; 
            'dipping each his bread into a communal dish of stew'- Paul Roche; 
            'a communal settlement in which all earnings and food were shared'; 'a group effort')
       2. (1) communal - (relating to a small administrative district or community;
             'communal elections in several European countries')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Commune^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commune

Description

A 'Commune'' is an organized ''Assembly'' who live together in some location, consisting of one or more buidings, who share ownership of many or most of the non-personal items in the place of residence. This type is the GroupOfPeople; if formally organized, the people would form a subtype of ''CooperativeAssociation'' which would be related to the ''Commune'' by the relation ''hasAssociatedGroupType''..

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commune' in WordNet:
         2. (1) commune - (a body of people or families living together and sharing everything)

Super-classes Village^c

Communicated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Communicated`
Description	''Communicated'' is the attribute of an ''InformationObject'', that has been passed in any form from one Agent to one or more other Agents. The Agents could be computers or automatons performing prespecified procedures. This is not for 'communicating' a disease.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Popularized^c Circulated^c Instilled^c

CommunicatingInSignLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicatingInSignLanguage`
Description	''CommunicatingInSignLanguage'' is the Action of transferring information from Person to Person by means of ''SignLanguageGesturing''. This is not necessarily ''InPerson'', as it can be performed by a video link beween People using SignLanguage. `Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'sign' in WordNet: 7. sign - (communicate in sign language; "I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin")`
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SignLanguageGesturing^c

CommunicatingInWriting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicatingInWriting`
Description	Each ''CommunicatingInWriting'' is an ''Action'' in which one Person produces a Physical document with some meaningful words and transmits it by some means (interoffice memeo, postal service) to another Person. This is for prodction of physical douments - the e-mail production is under ''EMailCommunication'.
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c Informing^c AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c produces^op value WrittenCommunication^c
Sub-classes	WritingaLetter^c

CommunicatingUsingADevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicatingUsingADevice`
Description	A subset of #$Communicating in which some instance of #$CommunicationDevice is used deliberately by the #$senderOfInfo in the communication. Examples include (#$UsingAFn #$Telephone), #$InternetCommunication, two-way radio communication, using a microphone on a stage, etc.
Super-classes	Communication^c
Sub-classes	NetworkCommunication^c Telecommunication^c

Communication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Communication`
Description	The transfer of information from one or more IntentionalAgents or Automatons (e.g. automated communications devices) to one or more other IntentionalAgents. This is the ''Action'' of communicating. For the content of a ''Communication'' use ''Message''. NOTE that a Communication need not be linguistic, nor necessarily symbolic (such as gesturing). It can be an Action, such as putting on camouflage, that is intended to convey some information to another agent. So this is a broad range of actions, but there has to be an intention to convey information - inadvertently conveying information is not a Communication in this sense. The restriction requires that some InformationObject - an AbstractText or a Meaning - be specified as the content of the communication. If they are known, both the AbstractText and the propositional information content can be specified; the latter would use relation 'hasAbstractRepresentation'. NOTE that although Communication in SUMO is a SocialOccurence, in COSMO 'SocialOccurence' is restricted to humans, while Communication can be accomplished also by non-human IntentionalAgents. Some subtypes of Communication will be SocialOccurrences. COSMO NOTE: that 'Communication' in COSMO is a subtype of 'InformationTransferEvent' in which some IntelligentAgent must be the intented recipient. Not every creation of an Information BearingThing (IBT) is a 'Communication', but jotting a note for one's own purposes is a Communication, even if no one else is intended to see it, because there is an intended recipient - but the creator and recipient are the same agent. Communication(SUMO) communication-event(DOLCE) SUMO: ('Communication') A SocialInteraction that involves the transfer of information between two or more CognitiveAgents. Note that Communication is closely related to, but essentially different from, ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation or modification of a ContentBearingObject, while Communication is the transfer of information for the purpose of conveying a message. SUMO partitions 'Communication' into: Stating Supposing Directing Committing Expressing Declaring. SUMO: relatedInternalConcept Communication ContentDevelopment. Called 'locutionary act' by William Frank (2018) In Cyc called 'Communicating': Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction and characterized by one or more #$InformationTransferEvent sub-events. Each instance of #$Communicating is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions - and winning - of the game are focal). Since #$Communicating is a specialization of #$PurposefulAction, each #$Communicating event must be intentional on the part of the #$communicatorOfInfo; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the #$infoCommunicatedTo role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of #$Communicating. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not #$Communicating; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an #$Eavesdropping. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. #$CommunicationAct-Single, #$MultiDirectionalCommunication). Every event belonging to #$Communicating contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from #$Communicating, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., #$AudioCommunicating, #$NonVerbalCommunicating, #$FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating); by the type of information involved (e.g., #$MakingAnAgreement); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., #$Teaching, #$Negotiating); by the agents involved (e.g., #$IntraOrganizationCommunication, #$StageProduction). Examples of #$Communicating include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket - all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. NOTE: sense 5 should be subtype 'verbally'. @ToDo Includes senses 1, 2, and 5 of 'communicate' and noun sense 1 of 'communication' in WordNet: 1. (9) communicate, pass on, pass, pass along, put across - (transmit information ; 'Please communicate this message to all employees'; 'pass along the good news') 2. (8) communicate, intercommunicate - (transmit thoughts or feelings; 'He communicated his anxieties to the psychiatrist') 5. communicate - (be in verbal contact; interchange information or ideas; 'He and his sons haven't communicated for years'; 'Do you communicate well with your advisor?') WN noun 'communication': 1. (26) communication, communicating - (the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information; 'they could not act without official communication from Moscow') WN verb 'convey': 1. (9) convey, impart - (make known; pass on, of information) official communication from Moscow')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c InformationTransferEvent^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Digressing^c LinguisticCommunication^c Acting^c PersonalNetworking^c Committing^c GettingSoeonesAttention^c SlantingaCommunication^c Hinting^c CallingOut^c DisplayingAction^c CommunicationAct-Single^c Apologizing^c Intercommunication^c PrejudicingaPerson^c AgreeingEvent^c ConveyingInformation^c Convincing-CommunicationAct^c PsychicCommunication^c MassCommunicating^c Deceiving^c GettingAnAnswer^c Outreach^c FingerSpelling^c Praying^c NonVerbalCommunicating^c MultiDirectionalCommunication^c InvitingToAnEvent^c DeterringSomeone^c Performance^c EncouragingCommunication^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c Explaining^c Answering^c ContactingaPerson^c Flirting^c ExpressingSomething^c CommunicatingUsingADevice^c InvitingAction^c Disseminating^c

CommunicationAct-Single^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationAct-Single`
Description	CYC: A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of #$Communicating. Each instance of #$CommunicationAct-Single is a single-source transmission of information from one sender (see the predicate #$senderOfInfo) to one or more recipients (see the predicate #$recipientOfInfo). Every instance of #$CommunicationAct-Single has a transmission sub-event (which is an instance of #$IBTGeneration) and one or more reception sub-events (which are instances of #$AccessingAnIBT). An instance of #$CommunicationAct-Single starts when its transmission sub-event starts and ends when its accessing sub-event(s) end.
Super-classes	Communication^c
Sub-classes	ExpressingDisapproval^c Acknowledging-CommunicationAct^c ExpressingApproval^c Threatening^c GivingaHeadsUp^c Prefacing^c Challenging^c

CommunicationConvention[Cyc]^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationConvention`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of conventions used to encode and interpret things which bear information; a syntax together with a semantic mapping. Instances include natural languages like French or English, database data formats, and computer languages or idiosyncratic systems of gestures or symbols known only by a small group of people.
Super-classes	Information-encoding-system^c
Sub-classes	Language^c CommunicationProtocol^c

CommunicationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationDevice`
Description	NOTE that ''MediaTransmitting'' here represents any form of communication of Information,that requires a Device to send and one to receive. `CYC:The subcollection of #$PhysicalDevice that contains all instances that are intended to be the #$deviceUsed in a #$Communicating (one way or bidirectional). Examples include #$RadioReceiver, #$Telephone, etc.`
Super-classes	HumanScaleObject^c Device^c ArtifactObject^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value MediaTransmitting^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Communication^c
Sub-classes	Telegraph^c Microphone^c Telephone^c Switchboard^c Antenna^c WirelessCommunicationDevice^c

CommunicationProtocol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationProtocol`
Description	`CYC: The collection of #$CommunicationConventions which are actual standards or protocols; for example, #$TCP-IP. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communications protocol' in WordNet: 1. protocol, communications protocol - ((computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data)`
Super-classes	Procedure^c CommunicationConvention[Cyc]^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op only Communication^c

CommunicationSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationSystem`
Description	A ''CommunicationSystem'' is an ''InformationDisseminatingSystem'' designed to facilitate transmisssion of information between people or electronic devices. Most such systems in the 21st century use electronic signals, but the older forms of transmitting voice by voice tube or small text messages through a tube by air-pressure (still used in drive-in bank windows) are incuded. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communication system' in WordNet: 1. (3) communication system - (a system for communicating)`
Super-classes	FunctionalSystem^c ArtifactObject^c Resource^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Communication^c hasComponentPart^op value CommunicationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Intercom^c

CommunicationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationType`
Description	CommunicationType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Communication as their argument.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	Answering

CommunicationsChannel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationsChannel`
Description	A ''CommunicationsChannel'' is any ''Path-Generic'', physical or abstract, over which information can be transmitted. This can consist of a telephone or coax cable line (a physical object) an optical cable, a band of frequecies allocated by a governmental agency (a mental object) or a procedure (a mental object) for transmitting information in any form, such as documents or word of mouth, from one agent to another with or without a chain of intermediaries. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communication channel' in WordNet: 5. channel, communication channel, line - ((often plural) a means of communication or access; 'it must go through official channels'; 'lines of communication were set up between the two firms')`
Super-classes	MediumOfCommunication^c Path-Generic^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some Communication^c
Sub-classes	Liaison^c CommunicationsLine^c BroadbandCommunicationsLine^c BroadcastChannel^c

CommunicationsLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationsLine`
Description	A ''CommunicationsLine'' is a ''TransmittingDevice'' which is a PhysicalObject that facilitates the transmission of information from one location to another, together with the protocols that divide the capacity of the line into multiple usable 'channels'. The physical part can be of any type of Physicalobject - a copper telephone line, an Optical Cable, or a pneumatic tube in a department store allowing transmission of documents from point to point NOTE: power transmission line is a ''PowerTransmissionLine''. Includes but is broader than sense 9 of 'line' and sense 1 of 'channel' in WordNet: 9. (9) cable, line, transmission line - (a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power) WN noun 'channel' sense 1: 1. (4) channel, transmission channel - (a path over which electrical signals can pass; 'a channel is typically what you rent from a telephone company')
Super-classes	CommunicationsChannel^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some Communication^c
Sub-classes	TelephoneLink^c DirectTelephoneLink^c

CommunicationsSatellite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationsSatellite`
Description	CYC: The collection of all artificial satellites (#$Satellite-Device) which are designed for facillitating communications between locations on the #$PlanetEarth by receiving radio transmissions and retransmitting them for reception on Earth. Individual signals may come from or be transmitted to other satellites, they do not need to be solely with ground stations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communications satellite' in WordNet: 1. communications satellite - (an artificial satellite that relays signals back to earth; moves in a geostationary orbit)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSatellite^c
Restrictions	orbits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

CommunicationsTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunicationsTopic`
Description	'CommunicationsTopic' is a Topic that includes and points to methods, purposes, forms, and instruments used in communication, as well as any other communications-related Topics. See 'CommunicationsEvent' and 'CommunicatingUsingaDevice' and 'CommunicationDevice' and its subclasses.
Super-classes	Topic^c

Communicator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Communicator`
Description	A ''Communicator'' is a person who communicates some information (not necessarily factual) to some other agent(s) by any means. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communicator' in WordNet: 1. communicator - (a person who communicates with others)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Communication^c performsAction^op value Communication^c
Sub-classes	Informant^c Negotiator^c Inquirer^c Publicist^c Author^c

Communion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Communion`
Description	''Communion'' is a ''SocialIntercourse'' that includes feelings of ''Togetherness'' among the participants. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communion' in WordNet: 2. (3) communion, sharing - (sharing thoughts and feelings)`
Super-classes	SocialIntercourse^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Togetherness^c

Communism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Communism

Description

This ''Communism'' is the practice, not the theory.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communism' in WordNet:
          1. (35) communism - (a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership)

Super-classes Socialism^c

Communist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Communist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'communist' in WordNet: 2. (4) communist, commie - (a socialist who advocates communism)`
Super-classes	Socialist^c

CommunistParty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunistParty

Description

CYC: The collection of political parties whose members hold the #$CommunistIdeology.

        SUMO: Any PoliticalParty that advocates for a 
          CommunistState.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Communist Party' in WordNet:
           1. Communist Party - (a political party that actively advocates
             a communist form of government; in Communist countries it is the sole political party of the state)

Super-classes PoliticalParty^c

CommunistPartyMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunistPartyMember`
Description	A ''CommunistPartyMember'' is a member of the Communist Party. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Communist' in WordNet: 1. (7) Communist - (a member of the communist party)`
Super-classes	Politician^c Supporter^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op value Communism^c

Community^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Community`
Description	A SocialGroup having some social characteristics in common, such as common beliefs or common interests. This includes intellectual and scientific 'communities'. `corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'community' in WordNet: 2. (8) community - (a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common; 'the Christian community of the apostolic age'; 'he was well known throughout the Catholic community')`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c
Sub-classes	Parish^c CommunityOfInterest^c

Community-based^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Community-based`
Description	''Community-based'' is an Attribute of ''HumanActivity''s that involve a 'community' ofmore than a few people.
Super-classes	Shared^c

CommunityOfInterest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommunityOfInterest`
Description	A ''CommunityOfInterest'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that have common views on certain isues, and in certain situations form a tight-knit group to support of oppose actions or policies perceived as beneficial or detrimental to the group. Because these group behave in some ways like close-knit ''Tribe''s in opposing other such groups, they are often refered to metaphorically as 'tribes' and their actions and interests referred to as 'tribal'. The metaphorical use of'tribe' for these groups is so common in discussing political interest groups it is included here though not in WN. Correpsonds to noun sense 2 of 'community' in WordNet: 2. (8) community - (a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common; 'the Christian community of the apostolic age'; 'he was well known throughout the Catholic community')
Super-classes	Community^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tribal^c hasAnInterestIn^op some TopicType^c
Sub-classes	ProfessionalGoup^c

Commuter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Commuter`
Description	The traveling of a ''Commuter' can be from Home anywhere, and to work anywhere, not necessarily from a suburb to a city. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commuter' in WordNet: 2. (2) commuter - (someone who travels regularly from home in a suburb to work in a city)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CommutingToWork^c

CommutingToWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CommutingToWork`
Description	A ''CommutingToWork'' is a regularly repeated ''RoundTrip'' in which a Person travels to the ''WorkPlace'' where s/he usually works (not necessarily for pay) and then returns. This can be daily or at longer intervals, such as weekly. This is one round trip; a series of commutes ('travel back and forth') would be a different type. This is for commuting to work. A more general type of 'commute' would be a parent type (if needed). Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'commute' in WordNet: 2. (2) commute, travel back and forth - (travel back and forth regularly, as between one's place of work and home) WN noun 'commute': 1. commute - (a regular journey of some distance to and from your place of work; 'there is standing room only on the high-speed commute') WN noun 'commuting': 1. (2) commutation, commuting - (the travel of a commuter)
Super-classes	RoutineAction^c RoundTrip^c
Restrictions	hasIntermediatePlace^op value Workplace^c isPerformedBy^op value Commuter^c hasStartingPlace^op value Home^c

Compact^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compact

Description

Small case with a mirror and some cosmetic.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compact' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) compact, powder compact - (a small cosmetics case
         with a mirror; to be carried in a woman's purse)

Super-classes SmallObject^c
Case-Container^c
MakeupObject^c

Compacting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compacting`
Description	An Action in which an agent (which can be natural) causes some quantity of one or more materials to be compressed together into a smaller volume, but not necesarily by being placed in a container or package: to put things into a container or package (with or without compressing them) use 'Packing'. An act of compressing physical things and putting them into a container at the same time would be an instance of both 'Compacting' and 'Packing', represented in COSMO as 'StuffingThingsIntoaContainer'. NOTE: this is physically similar to ''VolumeCompression'' but unlike ''VolumeCompression'' does not require the application of pressure. NOTE: compacting is not necessarily irreversible, but for just folding things up or collapsing artifacts designed to be collapsible, use parent type ''MakingSomethingMoreCompact'' or ''Folding'' or ''Collapsing''. @ToDoFOL: need a rule to specify that the convex hull of the set of objects compacted must have a smaller volume after the compacting Event. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'compact' and sense 1 of 'compress' and sense 3 of 'pack in WordNet: 2. pack, bundle, wad, compact - (compress into a wad; 'wad paper into the box') 3. compress, compact, pack together - (make more compact by or as if by pressing; 'compress the data')
Super-classes	MakingSomethingMoreCompact^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c ComingTogether^c Bending^c
Sub-classes	Crumpling^c WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c WindingUpaSpring^c

Companion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Companion`
Description	The Role of an ''Accompanier'' (an ''Acquaintance'') who accompanies a Person while doing things, more than once and not for some short interval, as would a Tour Guide. This is broadly interpreted for Companions that are not intimate as well as those that are, including married couples. Not necessarily a ''Friend''. See also 'Companionship'. `For those who frequently associate with others in a friendly way, use 'Comrade'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'Companion' in WordNet: 1. (25) companion, comrade, fellow, familiar, associate - (a person who is frequently in the company of another; 'drinking companions'; 'comrades in arms')`
Super-classes	Accompanier^c
Sub-classes	LovedOne^c Playmate^c Comrade^c DomesticPartner^c

Companionship^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Companionship

Description

'Companionship' is the PersistentState of living while having some 'Companion' with whom one can share thoughts. This state can last any length of time, from minutes toa lifetime, as long as it generates some ''Pleasure'' derived from the presence of the ''Companon''s. See also 'Companion'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'companionship'  in WordNet:
       1. (1) company, companionship, fellowship, society - (the state of being 
       with someone; 'he missed their company'; 'he enjoyed the society of his friends')

Super-classes SocialState^c
Living^c
GoodThing^c
PersonalCircumstances^c

Company-Guests^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Company-Guests`
Description	The Role of one or more Guests, usually scheduled to stay for some limited time less than one day. Often they are present for a social gathering. This is more general than the WordNet sense 6, and overlaps somewhat with 'Guest'. `Corresponds approximately to sense 6 of 'company' in WordNet: 6. (12) company - (a social gathering of guests or companions; 'the house was filled with company when I arrived')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Attendee^c

Company-Military^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Company-Military`
Description	A Company-Military is a Company of soldiers. `This corresponds to sense 4 of 'company' in WordNet: 4. (54) company - (small military unit; usually two or three platoons)`
Super-classes	ArmyUnit^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op value Army^c

CompanyPaidHealthInsurance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompanyPaidHealthInsurance`
Description	''CompanyPaidHealthInsurance'' is a ''HealthInsurance'' paid for by an Employer as one form of ''FringeBenefit''.
Super-classes	HealthInsurance^c FringeBenefit^c
Restrictions	isObtainedFrom^op value Employer^c

Comparable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comparable`
Description	''Comparable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that is narrower than 'similar' in that the degree of similarity of the entities compared is greater due to a 'similarity' in more than one attribute. `NOTE that the WN gloss says 'conforming in every respect'; use of this attribute does not require that close a similarity; that can be accomplished by using 'closely comparable' or 'identical'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'comparable' in Wordnet: 2. (1) comparable, corresponding, like - (conforming in every respect; 'boxes with corresponding dimensions'; 'the like period of the preceding year')`
Super-classes	Similar^c
Sub-classes	Equivalent^c Analogous^c

Comparative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comparative

Description

''Comparative'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Comparison'' or to ''Comparing''one thing to another, indicating that within that comparison the thing described belongs to the type modified..

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'comparative' in Wordnet:
      2. (4) comparative - (having significance 
         only in relation to something else; 'a comparative newcomer')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ComparativeAdjective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComparativeAdjective`
Description	The comparative form of an Adjective. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comparative' in WordNet: 1. comparative - (the comparative form of an adjective; " 'better' is the comparative of 'good' ")`
Super-classes	Adjective^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_better http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_smoother

ComparativeAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComparativeAttributeValue`
Description	A ''ComparativeAttributeValue'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that expresses the notion that the thing modified has more of some attribute that some other, or more than the typical of its kind. `This is for the comparative forms of attributeValues. See also ''ComparativeAttribute'' for attribute values that are explicitly in comparison to some reference type.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Faster^c Slowest^c Smoother^c Higher^c Senior^c Junior^c Highest^c Sharper^c Lower^c Deeper^c Younger^c Poorer^c Fastest^c Lowest^c Sparser^c Slower^c Older^c

ComparativeFeature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComparativeFeature`
Description	A ''ComparativeFeature'' can be any Object for which a QualitativeAttribute is asserted that asserts a magnitude for some attribute that is greater or less than the typical value for the same attribute (usually describing some physical part or type of activity) for some comparison group of Things of which the subject is a member or subtype.
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfComparison^op only owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	LongLegs^c LongInsectLegs^c

ComparativeMagnitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComparativeMagnitude`
Description	A 'ComparativeMagnitude' is an AttributeValue of an 'AttributeComparison' that expresses how some commensurate AttributeValue of two different entities compare to each other, without using numerical measures. This can be used to express that some attribute on one object is greater (or 'more' or 'less' or 'TheSame') compared to the commensurate attribute of another object. `For alternative ways to express comparison, the relations 'isMoreThanByQuantity'; 'greaterThan'; and 'isLessThanByQuantity' could be used.`
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c VerbalQuantifier^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuchMore http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Less http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheMost http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuchLess http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheSame http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#More

Comparatively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comparatively

Description

''Comparatively'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Adjective suggesting that the adjective is to be taken as true only in comparison to something else; 'comparatively small person'. Similar in meaning as saying 'in comparison to ...' with the thing compared being understood, often the typical thing of its type.

          Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'comparatively' in WordNet:
            1. (7) relatively, comparatively - (in a relative manner; 
              by comparison to something else; 'the situation is relatively calm now')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Comparing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comparing`
Description	This is the collection of actions in which an agent compares two or more items. This may or may not be purely mental (comparing things in the mind only) or may include observations or measurements in order to compare things. `SUMO: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve comparing, relating, contrasting, etc. the properties of two or more Entities. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compare' and noun sense 1 of 'comparing' in WordNet: 1. (62) compare - (examine and note the similarities or differences of; 'John compared his haircut to his friend's'; 'We compared notes after we had both seen the movie') WN noun 'comparing': 1. comparison, comparing - (examining resemblances or differences)`
Super-classes	DualObjectEvent^c Evaluating^c Scrutiny^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Comparison^c
Sub-classes	Analogizing^c MatchingAction^c Equating^c

Comparison^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comparison`
Description	A 'Comparison' is an Assertion that is created by a Comparing Event. In a Comparison, the facts asserted are derived from some observation of the things being compared, though the agent doing the Comparing may not be the original observer. A Comparison can consist of one or more individual 'AttributeComparison's, each of which is structured as a List of arguments, among which are the identities of the two things being compared, called the subject and object, and the attribute being compared between the subject and object of the comparison. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'comparison' in WordNet: 2. (8) comparison - (relation based on similarities and differences)`
Super-classes	Group^c Evaluation^c RelationInstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some AttributeComparison^c wasCreatedByEvent^op some Comparing^c
Sub-classes	Analogy^c AttributeComparison^c

Compartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compartment`
Description	Any Region that is separated from other regions within an ArtifactObject for some purpose, whether designed that way by an IntelligentAgent or by an evolutionary process. This includes as subtypes the various 'cells' that may be for human habitation or part of a honeycomb, etc. The restriction requires that for every instance of 'Compartment' the PhysicalObject or PhysicalObjectType that bounds the compartment be specified. `The ''Compartment'' may be open on one side. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'compartment' in WOrdNet: 1. (4) compartment - (a small space or subdivision for storage) 2. (1) compartment - (a partitioned section or separate room within a larger enclosed area)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) isBoundedBy^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	StableStall^c SpatialCell^c Cockpit^c

Compass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compass`
Description	A device used to find directions, especially one which uses a magnet to point to magnetic north (a #$MagneticCompass), or a gyroscope to point to true north (a #$GyroCompass). `SUMO: A Device that indicates the direction of North. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compass' in Wordnet: 1. (3) compass - (navigational instrument for finding directions)`
Super-classes	InformationBearingObject^c NavigationDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value OrientationMeasure^c
Sub-classes	GyroCompass^c

CompassDirection-NSEW^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompassDirection-NSEW`
Description	Instances of CompassDirection-NSEW is represented by either (1) one or more letters in sequence, taken from the set 'N', 'S', 'E', and 'W', meaning North, South, East, and West; or (2) one or more words in sequence, taken from the list 'north', 'south', 'east' or 'west', possibly grouped with hyphens or a following 'by'. Examples: North Northeast NNE SouthBySouthwest = SSW
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#South http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#North http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthWest http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthEast http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#East http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthWest http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#West http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthEast

Compassionate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compassionate`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'compassionate' in Wordnet: 2. compassionate - (showing or having compassion; 'heard the soft and compassionate voices of women')`
Super-classes	Sympathetic^c

Compatibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compatibility`
Description	This ''Compatibility'' is an AttributeValue of Groups of two or more things that can coexist in the same location or perform Actions together without interfering with each other. `For'compatibility' between people, use subtype ''HumanCompatibility'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'compatibility' in WordNet: 2. compatibility - (capability of existing or performing in harmonious or congenial combination)`
Super-classes	Characteristic^c
Sub-classes	HumanCompatibility^c

Compatible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compatible

Description

''Compatible'' is an attribute of people or other animals that can live together harmoniously..

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'compatible' in Wordnet:
        1. (6) compatible - (able to exist and perform in harmonious 
             or agreeable combination; 'a compatible married couple'; 
             'her deeds were compatible with her ideology')
        2. (1) compatible, sympathetic - (having similar disposition and tastes; 
             'a compatible married couple'; 'with their many similar tastes,
             he found her a most sympathetic companion')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Compatriot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compatriot`
Description	A ''Compatriot'' is a Person who is a ''Citizen'' or subject of the same GeopoliticalEntity as oneself. This is not easily expressed in OWL, needing a way to refer to the same individual twice in mutiple asertions. This type specifies that a Compatriot belongs to some ''Citizenry''; when an FOL version is prepared, that ''Citizenry'' can be specified as the same one as that of the reference Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compatriot' in WordNet: 1. (1) compatriot - (a person from your own country)`
Super-classes	NationalOfaCountry^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some Citizenry^c
Sub-classes	Countryman^c

Compelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compelling`
Description	'Compelling' is an Action of one agent that causes a second agent to do what the first agent wants, even when the second agent does not want to do it. Compelling implies some threat of punishment, which can be legal or illegal. Though MakingaRule has some of the same meaning of causing somebody to do something, it may be merely an attempt to cause someone to do something, and may not have the intended effect. This type of 'Compelling' is for Actions that actually result in someone else doing what is demanded. NOTE: 'persuading' a person by verbal argument without threat of force is represened by ''PersuadingToAct''. Linguistically, when X performs a 'Compelling' action A1 that compels (forces) Y to do A2, the Agents X and Y involved will be represented as arguments in the Actions A1 and A2. In CYC called 'CoercingAnAgent' A collection of #$Actions; a specialization of #$InfluencingAnAgent. A paradigm example of coercion is influencing an agent's behavior through a successful (implicit or explicit) threat. Corresponds to both verb senses 1 and 2 of 'compel' and senses 1 and 2 of 'force' and sense 1 of 'coerce' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'coercion' and noun sense 3 of 'compulsion' in WordNet (these senses are difficult to distinguish, but WordNet 'make' includes a lesser degree of compulsion than is represented by this type) in WordNet: WN 'compel' 2. (5) command, require, compel - (make someone do something) WN 'force' 1. (48) coerce, hale, squeeze, pressure, force - (to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means :'She forced him to take a job in the city'; 'He squeezed her for information') 2. (17) impel, force - (urge or force (a person) to an action; constrain or motivate) WN noun 'coercion': 1. coercion - (the act of compelling by force of authority) 2. compulsion, coercion - (using force to cause something; 'though pressed into rugby under compulsion I began to enjoy the game'; 'they didn't have to use coercion')
Super-classes	ObligationCreatingEvent^c CausingaPersonToAct^c Action^c ControllingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value MakingAThreat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forcible^c inducedAgentToAction^op some Action^c
Sub-classes	ExpellinganAgent^c DeterrenceEvent^c Robbery^c ChargingSomeoneWithaTask^c Destining^c Extortion^c

Compendium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compendium`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compendium' in WordNet: 1. collection, compendium - (a publication containing a variety of works)`
Super-classes	PublishedMaterial^c InformationStore^c Group^c
Sub-classes	Compilation^c Anthology^c

Compensating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compensating`
Description	''Compensating'' is a ''ReciprocalAction'' in which the thing given back is approximately of equal monetary value to the thing originally given that motivates the reimbursement. The thing given back can be of any type. For a 'Compensating' that gives money in return, use ''Reimbursing''. Includes verb senses 2, 4, 5, and 6 of 'compensate' in Wordnet: 2. (1) compensate, recompense, repair, indemnify - (make amends for; pay compensation for; 'One can never fully repair the suffering and losses of the Jews in the Third Reich'; 'She was compensated for the loss of her arm in the accident') 4. right, compensate, redress, correct - (make reparations or amends for; 'right a wrongs done to the victims of the Holocaust') 5. pay, pay off, make up, compensate - (do or give something to somebody in return; 'Does she pay you for the work you are doing?') 6. compensate, recompense, remunerate - (make payment to; compensate; 'My efforts were not remunerated')
Super-classes	ReciprocalAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Compensation^c wasMotivatedBy^op some (EventType^c or Event^c)
Sub-classes	Reimbursing^c

Compensation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compensation`
Description	Each ''Compensation'' is a ''ValuableThing'' (e.g. object or service) given in a ''Compensating'' event. The ''ValuableThing'' for which this is a ''Compensation'' is specified by the relation 'wasaQuidForQuo''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compensation' in Wordnet: 1. (6) compensation - (something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury))`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c QuidProQuo^c
Restrictions	wasaQuidForQuo^op some (ValuableThing^c or ValuableThingType^c) isTheResultOf^op some Compensating^c
Sub-classes	Paycheck^c Reimbursement^c Remuneration^c

Compensatory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compensatory

Description

''Compensatory'' is the attribute of something that is done for another Person as a consideration for some act of benefiting by that other Person, or some act of harm suffered by that other Person at least in part attributable to the Person now doing the ''Compensating''.

         No WN sense for 'compensatory'.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Competence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Competence`
Description	''Competence''is an AgentCapability that is not inborn and is created by a process (one or more Actions) of 'LearningHowToDoSomething'. This is not quite as high a level as ''Skill''. `CYC: One of the most general attributes for describing the level of skill with which an agent performs some task. Knowledge enterers will usually want to use some more specific attribute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'competence' in WordNet: 1. (7) competence, competency - (the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually)`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Sub-classes	Literacy^c MultipleSkills^c Skill^c

CompetenceGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompetenceGroup`
Description	A ''CompetenceGroup''is a Group of ''Competence''s that provide skill in more than one traditional area of competence. `This is similar to ''MultipleSkills''. This is similar to ''CompetenceGroup''.`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Competence^c

Competent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Competent`
Description	`In COSMO 'Competent; is not quite as skillful as ''Skilled'' the subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'competent' in Wordnet: 1. (7) competent - (properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient; 'a competent typist')`
Super-classes	Good^c Able^c Personality^c
Sub-classes	Versatile^c Skilled^c

Competing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Competing`
Description	''Competing'' is the Action that individual contestants in a ''Competition'' do. This is for any kind of competition, including foot races for individual people, car races for vehicles driven by people, business competition between businesses, and animal reaces such as dog races. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compete' in WordNet: 1. (24) compete, vie, contend - (compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value WinningaContest^c isaSubEventOf^op value Competition^c isPerformedBy^op value IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Racing^c RepresentingaSchool^c UndersellingTheCompetition^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheRedSoxPlaying http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClintonRunningForPresident

Competition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Competition`
Description	COSMO note: a 'Competition' is not a life-or-death struggle like a war, but a less significant ConflictEvent in which someone wins a prize, however trivial, but no one loses anything of material value that they had before the Competition; all sports games and board games are included provided that there are no stakes involved. Debates are also included. Gambling is not included (use 'Gambling'). For conflicts where someone loses something (other than Gambling) , use 'ConflictEvent' or some other specialization. An individual copetitor can be specified by the relation 'hasCompetingAgent'; the whole list of competitors can be specified by the relation 'hasCompetitors' - pointing to a Group of IntentionalAgents. NOTe that this type represents the whole Event of a''Competition'' including all of the competing agents. For the Action of individual agents in a ''Competition'' use ''Competing''. For the business sense, the case where one business gets a customer who had previously done business with someone else is also not interpreted as a 'loss' if the business gained is new, rather than (e.g.) the cancelling of a contract. The loss of a customer in a business competition should be represented by a different specialization of 'ConflictEvent'. This covers three of the senses of 'competition' in WordNet. 2. (4) contest, competition - (an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants) 3. (4) competition, contention, rivalry - (the act of competing as for profit or a prize; 'the teams were in fierce contention for first place') Cyc: A specialization of #$ConflictEvent. An instance of #$Competition is a conflict event that typically involves one or more agents who are each striving to attain a certain goal uniquely or to outdo the other competitors with respect to some game or task. Examples include arm wrestling contests, football games, fighting for prey, competitive courting, racing events, and spelling bees. Note that it is possible for the competitors in a competition to be unaware that a competition has been going on until after it is over (e.g. the first year a Best Restaurant in Town award is given out in a particular city). See also #$competingAgents. Includes noun senses 1,2, and 3 of 'competition' and verb sense 1 (the only sense) of 'compete' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'contest'in WordNet. Noun sense 1 of the term 'race' is defined in WordNet as 'any competition' - apparently the metaphorical use is very common, so it is included here. in WordNet: 2. (4) contest, competition - (an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants) 3. (4) competition, contention, rivalry - (the act of competing as for profit or a prize; 'the teams were in fierce contention for first place') WN verb 'compete' 1. (24) compete, vie, contend - (compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others) WN noun 'contest': 1. (8) contest, competition - (an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants) 2. (1) contest - (a struggle between rivals) WN noun 'race': 1. (249) race - (any competition; 'the race for the presidency')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c ConflictEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some (Competing^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	DecidingAgainst^c Bout^c EliminationCompetition^c BeautyPageant^c PoliticalCampaign^c PowerLifting^c DecidingByVote^c Debate^c CommercialCompetition^c SportsCompetition^c MatchSportsEvent^c RoundOfaCompetition^c Auction^c
In domain of	hasCompetitors^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff

CompetitionEntry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompetitionEntry`
Description	A ''CompetitionEntry'' is a Person or other Object animate or inanimate that was 'entered' into a ''Competition' and is a ''Participant'' in that contest. NOTE: there are at least two senses of ''Entry'' that can be related to the WN sysnset 4 for 'entry', a Person enering into a competition and a manuscript submitted for publication. This is for contests and competitions. This includes 'grant poposals' submitted to some Organization that gives monetary support for projects such as research. An 'article' submitted for publication is represented by ''Submission''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'entry' in WordNet; this included 'entries' in sports competitions like horse races or foot races, or in spelling bees or aything can be 'entered' into a Competition of any kind for any prize: in WordNet: 4. (1) submission, entry - (something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition); 'several of his submissions were rejected by publishers'; 'what was the date of submission of your proposal?')
Super-classes	GenericParticipant^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some (Competition^c or GameType^c or SportType^c)

Competitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Competitive`
Description	'Competitive' is an AttributeValue of an animal that is more than average incliued to compete (rather than cooperate) with others, or enjoys competition. , i.e. . This attribute may apply only for a short time or in a specific situation, as during a competition. However, it may also be used to characterize an animal's (or person's) habitual mode of behavior in some types of situation. This applies to sports, commercial transactions, or other forms of interaction. `This corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'fierce' in WordNet: 3. (1) competitive, militant - (showing a fighting disposition; 'highly competitive sales representative'; 'militant in fighting for better wages for workers'; 'his self-assertive and ubiquitous energy')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Ruthless^c Ambitious^c Cutthroat^c

Competitiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Competitiveness`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'competitiveness' in WordNet: 1. competitiveness, fight - (an aggressive willingness to compete; 'the team was full of fight')
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Competitive^c

Competitor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Competitor`
Description	A 'Competitor' is one of the 'Contestant's in a specific ConflictEvent that is opposing another in that same ConflictEvent, both of whom are ''Contestant''s. This Role is a Contestant *from the point of view of some other Contestant* competing for the same goal in the competition. So each instance of this type is not just some Competitor, ut my competitor from another contestant's point of view. The restriction requires that the agent who views an instance of this type as a Competitor must be specified. This can be applied to business competitions as well as wars and sprts events. `Note that all of the agents related by the ''isaCompetitorOf'' are playing the ''Competitor'' Role. NOTE: WN 'contender' is used for the more general Role of ''Contestant'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'competitor' in WordNet: 1. (7) rival, challenger, competitor, competition, contender - (the contestant you hope to defeat; 'he had respect for his rivals'; 'he wanted to know what the competition was doing')`
Super-classes	Opponent^c Contestant^c
Restrictions	isaCompetitorOf^op some Competitor^c
Sub-classes	SportsTeam^c BaseballTeam^c RunnerUp^c DefensiveTeam^c BasketballTeam^c Underdog^c FrontRunner^c

CompetitorQuartet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompetitorQuartet`
Description	A ''CompetitorQuartet'' is a Group of four ''Competitors'' such as play in the ''SemifinalTournamentRound'' of an ''EliminationTournament''.
Super-classes	Role^c Competitors^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 4

Competitors^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Competitors`
Description	Competitors is a Group of Agents that are all participating in the same Competition and are attempting to attain a goal that can only be attained by one. There is at least one winner and at least one loser (unless the competition results in a tie).
Super-classes	AgentGroup^c PluralThing^c Role^c IntentionalAgent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Competitor^c
Sub-classes	CompetitorQuartet^c
In range of	hasCompetitors^op

Compilation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compilation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compilation' in WordNet: 1. compilation, digest - (something that is compiled (as into a single book or file))`
Super-classes	Compendium^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CompilingSomething^c

Compiler^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compiler

Description

A specialization of #$ProgrammingLanguageImplementation. Each instance of #$Compiler is a program that converts another program from some source language (or programming language) to machine language (object code). Some compilers output assembly language which is then converted to machine language by a separate assembler. Cf. #$Interpreter-Computers.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'compiler' in WordNet:
          2. compiler, compiling program - ((computer science)
             a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language 
             and produces an assembly language program)

Super-classes ComputerProgram^c
Artifact-Generic^c
Group^c

CompilingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompilingSomething`
Description	This type is for producing some Object (often a grouping of abstract textual objects) by bringing together other objects - abstract or physical. For assembling a PhysicalObject by such a process use subtype ''Assembling''. For creating a 'Collection'' from physical objects use ''Collecting'' (not a subtype). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'compile' in WordNet: 2. (3) compose, compile - (put together out of existing material; 'compile a list') WN noun 'compilation': 2. compilation, compiling - (the act of compiling (as into a single book or file or list); 'the job of compiling the inventory took several hours')`
Super-classes	Combining^c ComingTogether^c Attaching^c CreatingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Compilation^c
Sub-classes	MakingaList^c

Complacent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complacent`
Description	''Complacent'' is a type of ''SelfConfident'' exhibited by people who have performed well and feel little need to strive to do better. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complacent' in Wordnet: 1. complacent, self-satisfied, self-complacent - (contented to a fault with oneself or one's actions; 'he had become complacent after years of success'; 'his self-satisfied dignity')`
Super-classes	SelfConfident^c
Sub-classes	Smug^c

ComplainingAboutSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplainingAboutSomething`
Description	Verbally expressing a 'Disapproval', usually with the intention of causing the actor to cease doing the thing disapproved of, but sometimes (as with a ''Crybaby'') just complaining because one feels that something unfair has been done to him/her. NOTE that mere expression of disapproval is represented by 'ExpressingDisapproval'. To be an instance of this type, the verbal expression must be made to some person who can (or ithought to be able to) cause the offending act to cease. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'complain' and noun sense 3 of 'complaint' and verb sense 1 of 'gripe' in WordNet: 1. (29) complain, kick, plain, sound off, quetch, kvetch - (express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness; 'My mother complains all day'; 'She has a lot to kick about') WN noun 'complaint': 3. (1) complaint - (an expression of grievance or resentment) WN noun 'kvetch': 2. kvetch - ((Yiddish) a nagging complaint) WN verb 'gripe': 1. gripe, grouse, crab, beef, squawk, bellyache, holler - (complain; 'What was he hollering about?')
Super-classes	Objecting^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Complaint^c
Sub-classes	Whining^c Backbiting^c Murmuring^c NaggingAction^c Grumbling^c

Complaint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complaint`
Description	COSMO note: A Complaint is a LinguisticAssertion which is the product of a Communication from one Agent to another in which the topic is the dissatisfaction of the first agent with something. `Cyc: The illocutionary force associated with complaints. There is no clear synset representing the abstract rerpesentation of a 'complaint' in WordNet.`
Super-classes	Objection^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some ComplainingAboutSomething^c

Complement^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complement

Description

A ''Complement'' is a ''GrammaticalConstituent'' that is defined relative to another part of a ''GrammaticalConstituent'', that completes the Phrase. The WN sense is unclear whether the whole Phrase that gets completed is a whole sentence.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'complement' in WordNet:
       1. (15) complement - (a word or phrase used to complete a grammatical construction)

Super-classes GrammaticalConstituent^c

Complementarity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complementarity`
Description	''Complementarity'' is a ''Relation'' that holds among a Group of Things in some 'PersistentState'', where the things are complementary to each other. This usually is applied to a Pair of things, but may hold for more than two. WN Sense 1 referring to opposites may be distinguishable from the more general case, and could be represented by a subtype, if there are examples of its occurrence that need the distinction. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'complementarity' in WordNet: 1. complementarity - (a relation between two opposite states or principles that together exhaust the possibilities) 2. complementarity - (the interrelation of reciprocity whereby one thing supplements or depends on the other; 'the complementarity of the sexes')
Super-classes	Relation^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Group^c or GroupType^c) isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Complementary^c

Complementary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complementary

Description

'Complementary' is the property of some ''ComplementaryPart''. These parts work together to perform some function, and can be of any type of thing that acts to have effects, on each other or on other things.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'complementary' in Wordnet:
        2. complemental, complementary, completing - 
           (acting as or providing a complement (something that completes the whole))

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ComplementaryPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplementaryPart`
Description	A ''ComplementaryPart'' is a ''MissingPart'' of some entity which, if present, would make the entity 'complete' in some sense. The ''ComplementaryPart'' must itself therefore have a different ''ComplementaryPart'' that would in turn make it complete; i.e.two ''ComplementaryPart''s make a ''WholeThing''. `See "WholeThing"'' for the inverse view of this concept. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'complement' in WordNet: 4. (1) complement - (something added to complete or make perfect; 'a fine wine is a perfect complement to the dinner')`
Super-classes	MissingPart^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Complementary^c

Complete^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complete`
Description	'Complete' is an attribute of a thing (usually an object,but possibly a Situation) that has all its normal parts in place. A set of things that needs assembly is still Complete if all the parts are on hand to be assembled, such as a musical instrument with all its parts in its carrying case. This is applicable to MentalObjects like documents that have parts and may or may not be complete (relative to the intended final content) at some point in time. A manuscript ready to be published is 'Complete'. For Events that have been completed in time and are no longer in process, use 'Finished'. NOTE: distinction from ''Whole'' is not precise. ''Whole'' should be for one object; while ''Complete'' can be for a collection of objects. But linguistic usage is not so disjoint. This includes 'full' or 'complete' as meaning 'all of'. 'Ran the full gamut . . . '; 'a full set of . . . ' But for the sense of 'full' meaning 'filled up' use 'Full'. 'tota' is often used in reporting; 'total coverage of the event'. Overlaps to some degree with 'comprehensive', but tends to have objects of attribution that are better defined as to their component parts: 'comprehensive survey' - not cear what's in it 'complete works of Shakespeare'- we know what should be in it. If a type has relations of the form 'typicallyHasPhysicalPart', then all of those parts should be present for an instance of that type to be 'Complete'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complete' and sense 2 of 'full' in WordNet: 1. (67) complete - (having every necessary or normal part or component or step; 'a complete meal'; 'a complete wardrobe'; 'a complete set of the Britannica'; 'a complete set of china'; 'a complete defeat'; 'a complete accounting') WN adj 'full': 2. (32) entire, full, total - (constituting the full quantity or extent; complete; 'an entire town devastated by an earthquake'; 'gave full attention'; 'a total failure') WN adj 'whole': 3. overall, total, whole - (including everything; 'the overall cost'; 'the total amount owed')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Full-blown^c Perfect^c Intact^c Absolute^c Whole^c

Completed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Completed

Description

''Completed'' is the attribute of a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' that has reached its objective ''GoalSituation''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'completed' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) accomplished, completed, realized, realised - (successfully completed
              or brought to an end; 'his mission accomplished he took a vacation'; 
              'the completed project'; 'the joy of a realized ambition overcame him')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Finished^c

Completely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Completely`
Description	An adverb whose literal sense is 'to the maximum extent', and whose whose general sense is 'including everything', but this type includes almost completely (e.g. thoroughly). Closely related is the sense of 'through' meaning 'from beginning to end' (for books, roads, sequences of steps). In the Random House Webster it has 3 distinguished senses: 1. wholly; entirely; completely; quite: altogether fitting. 2. with all or everything included: The debt amounted altogether to twenty dollars. 3. with everything considered; on the whole: Altogether, I'm glad it's over. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'completely' and sense 2 of 'quite', and appears to cover adverb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'through' in WordNet, and includes sense of 'fully', 'entirely', and 'totally' in WordNet: 1. (43) wholly, entirely, completely, totally, all, altogether, whole - (to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent ('whole' is often used informally for 'wholly'); 'he was wholly convinced'; 'entirely satisfied with the meal'; 'it was completely different from what we expected'; 'was completely at fault'; 'a totally new situation'; 'the directions were all wrong'; 'it was not altogether her fault'; 'an altogether new approach'; 'a whole new idea') WN 'quite' 2. (47) quite - (to the greatest extent; completely; 'you're quite right'; 'she was quite alone'; 'was quite mistaken'; 'quite the opposite'; 'not quite finished'; 'did not quite make it') WN adverb 'through': 1. (5) through - (from beginning to end; 'read this book through') 2. (2) through - (over the whole distance; 'this bus goes through to New York') 3. (1) through - (to completion; 'think this through very carefully!') WN adverb 'chock': 1. chock, chock-a-block - (as completely as possible; 'it was chock-a-block full') WN adverb 'thoroughly': 1. (9) thoroughly, soundly, good - (in a complete and thorough manner ('good' is sometimes used informally for 'thoroughly'); 'he was soundly defeated'; 'we beat him good') 2. (9) thoroughly, exhaustively - (in an exhaustive manner; 'we searched the files thoroughly') WN adverb 'soundly': 1. soundly - (deeply or completely; 'slept soundly through the storm'; 'the baby is sleeping soundly') WN adverb 'fully': 1. (30) fully, to the full, full - (to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; ('full' in this sense is used as a combining form); 'fully grown'; 'he didn't fully understand'; 'knew full well'; 'full-grown'; 'full-fledged')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Starkly^c

CompletingaTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompletingaTask`
Description	'CompletingaTask'' is the transitive ''HumanActivity'' in which a Person (or Organization or Automaton) completes (finishes) some ''PurposefulAction'' and thereby accomplishes some Goal. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'finish' 1. (44) complete, finish - (come or bring to a finish or an end; 'He finished the dishes'; 'She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree'; 'The fastest runner finished the race in just over 2 hours; others finished in over 4 hours')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c CompletionEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some (PurposefulAction^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Fulfillment^c MeetingaDeadlne^c

CompletionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompletionEvent`
Description	A CompletionEvent is an Event which is necessarily part of an Event of longer duration, and which constitutes the last temporal part of that longer Event. This would count as an 'achievement' in Vendler's categorization, but the logical treatment of Events in COSMO does not attempt to follow Vendler. The characteristic of a ''CompletionEvent'' is that it is the final temporal part of another identifiable Event. NOTE: this is the general sense of 'completion of an event'; for the transitive sense of finishing of a ''PurposefulAction'' by a Person use subtype ''CompletingaTask''. NOTE that 'death', 'dying' and 'demise' here are for the generic ending phase of any Event. The more specific death of an organism is represented by ''Death''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'completion' and noun sense 4 of 'conclusion' and noun senses 2 and 7 of 'finish' in WordNet: 2. (2) completion, culmination, closing, windup, mop up - (a concluding action) WN noun 'ending': 4. ending, conclusion, finish - (event whose occurrence ends something; 'his death marked the ending of an era'; 'when these final episodes are broadcast it will be the finish of the show') WN noun 'finish': 2. (173) finish - (designated event that concludes a contest (especially a race); 'excitement grew as the finish neared'; 'my horse was several lengths behind at the finish'; 'the winner is the team with the most points at the finish') WN noun 'dying': 1. (1) death, dying, demise - (the time when something ends; 'it was the death of all his plans'; 'a dying of old hopes')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Finalizing^c CompletingaTask^c ReachingaState^c Death^c

Complex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complex`
Description	Having more than one part. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complex' in WordNet: 1. (29) complex - - (complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts; 'a complex set of variations based on a simple folk melody'; 'a complex mass of diverse laws and customs')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Intricate^c MultiDimensional^c Technical^c Detailed^c Complicated^c

ComplexContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplexContext`
Description	A ComplexContext is a Context which has components of different Types. One type will be time interval, another will be Location-generic, a third will be 'World' which by default will be in our real world, but can be in any possible or fictional world. Another will be TextualContext, which can affect the interpretation of words in a text. To be true in a ComplexContext it is necessary to be true in all parts of that ComplexContext. However, every part will have a default meaning 'any', i.e. that particular part of the complex context does not apply to that particular assertion.
Super-classes	Context^c Group^c
Sub-classes	TimeAndPlace^c

ComplexNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplexNumber`
Description	A Number that has the form: x + yi, where x and y are RealNumbers and i is the square root of -1. NOTE that in pure math this type of number may have a value of 0 in either the real or complex number component, but in COSMO for simplicity theimaginary component cannot be zero. If the real component is 0, it will be the subtype ''PureImaginaryNumber''. Thus Real numbers without the imaginary component are not included in COSMO as subypes although they are in Wordnet - makes the concept too complex for general use, and seems unnecessary. @ToDo: should quaternions and octonions be subtypes - or sister nodes? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imaginary number' (includes subtype 'PureImaginaryNumber') in WordNet: 1. complex number, complex quantity, imaginary number, imaginary - ((mathematics) a number of the form a+bi where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1)
Super-classes	Number^c ComplexQuantifier^c OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some PureImaginaryNumber^c hasFirstElement^op some RealNumber^c
Sub-classes	PureImaginaryNumber^c

ComplexPhysicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplexPhysicalObject`
Description	A ComplexPhysicalObject is a PhysicalObject that has more than one distinguishable part. A homogeneous object such as a bar of iron or piece of wood would not normally be considered as in this category. But we do not define such objects as disjoint from ComplexPhysicalObject, leaving the interpretation to the discretion of the user. `OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: Complex physical objects are divisible into (usually well-defined) parts.`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	CollapsibleArtifact^c ModularArtifact^c

ComplexQuantifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplexQuantifier`
Description	A 'ComplexQuantifier' is any MathematicalObject used as a Quantifier that is not a simple number, such as a ComplexNumber, Matrix, or Determinant. It has at least two ordered parts, but is not necessarily linearly ordered. Note that a 'PureImaginaryNumber' of the form xi (where i is the square root of -1) is not a ComplexQuantifier, as it has only one term.
Super-classes	MathematicalObject^c OrderedGroup^c Quantifier^c
Sub-classes	Matrix^c ComplexNumber^c

Complexion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complexion

Description

A ''Complexion'' is the Color of Person's ''Face''.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'complexion' in WordNet:
      1. (1) complexion, skin color, skin colour - (the coloring of a person's face)

Super-classes Color^c

Complexity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complexity`
Description	''Complexity'' is a state in which the entity in focus has the quality ''Complex''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'complexity' in WordNet: 1. (11) complexity, complexness - (the quality of being intricate and compounded; 'he enjoyed the complexity of modern computers')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Complex^c

Compliance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compliance`
Description	Each 'Compliance' is an instance of a ConformingAction in which an agent (human or non-human animal) performs an Action that is required or demanded or recommended by some other human agent, or an Action in which an agent begins to recognize the authority of another agent to make rules that must be obeyed.. Obeying a law is an act of 'Compliance', as is a ''MedicalPatient'' complying with the recommendations of hisher Physician, or an animal performing some trick it was trained to do. This is not merely fulfilling a request - the demand must be one that carries some threat of punishment (or withholding of reward) for lack of compliance , and is one that the agent doing the act may not have done without the demand being made. This type is mostly used for acts of 'Obedience' but is broader than 'Obedience' in that it can include types of submission that involve relinquishing one's own authority to perform certain types of acts (as in submitting to the authority of a conqueror): this not only is an instance of not performing an act (as would be obedience to the law), but also of beginning the state of agreeing to the authority of another person to forbid or command. The general agreeing to another person's authority is distinct from specific acts that conform to the demands of another person. This type includes both Obedience and the beginning of submission to another's authority (after a time when there was no submission). NOTE: 'Obedience' is a subtype, in which the 'Insisting' causing the 'Obedience' action is explicitly required by a restriction. This corresponds to sense 4 of 'compliance' and sense 2 of 'submission' and includes the subtype sense 1 of 'obedience' and sense 1 of verb 'obey' in WordNet: 4. submission, compliance - (the act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another) WN 'obedience': 1. (3) obedience, obeisance - (the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person)
Super-classes	ConformingAction^c
Sub-classes	ComplianceWithTheLaw^c MedicalCompliance^c Obedience^c

ComplianceWithTheLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplianceWithTheLaw`
Description	Each ''ComplianceWithTheLaw'' is an Action that conforms to the 'letter of the law' and is not ''Illegal'', though it can violate 'the spirit of the law', if it takes advantage of a ''Loophole'' to perform an ''EvadingaLaw''.
Super-classes	Compliance^c

Complicated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complicated

Description

Sufficiently complex so as to be difficult to understand.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complicated' in WordNet:
   1. (11) complicated - - (difficult to analyze or understand;
      'a complicated problem'; 'complicated Middle East politics')

Super-classes Complex^c

ComplicatedSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplicatedSituation`
Description	A ''ComplicatedSituation'' is a ''ProblemSituation'' that is a Problem because it is ''Complicated'' - i.e. it has some ''ComplicatingFactor''... NOTE: the gloss for sense 2 of 'complication' in WN suggests tat this type may correspond to that synset, but analysis suggest sthat the linguistic usage of 'complication' corresponds more closely to the type ''ComplicatingFactor'', which is formally a subEvent of this type but could constitute the whole situation (a subEvent is not necessarily a 'proper part'). Noun sense 2 of 'complication' in WordNet: 2. (2) complication - (a situation or condition that is complex or confused; 'her coming was a serious complication')
Super-classes	ProblemSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Complicated^c hasSubEvent^op some ComplicatingFactor^c

Complicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complicating`
Description	''Complicating'' is an ''IncreaseEvent'' in which the ''Complexity'' of some Entity is increased. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'complicate' in WordNet: 1. (5) complicate, perplex - (make more complicated; 'There was a new development that complicated the matter') 2. (2) complicate, refine, rarify, elaborate - (make more complex, intricate, or richer; 'refine a design or pattern') WN noun 'complication': 1. (3) complication - (the act or process of complicating)`
Super-classes	Action^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Complexity^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Complicated^c

ComplicatingFactor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplicatingFactor`
Description	A ''ComplicatingFactor'' is a ''ProblemSituation'' that is the part of a ''ComplicatedSituation'' that causes it to be ''Complicated''. The ''ComplicatingFactor'' is a ''PersistentState'' that is a subEvent of the ''ProblemSituation'' that may include more than one component subEvents - for example, if one had a planned activity and then some requirement arose that required that one be elsewhere and unable to perform the planned activity, the ''ComplicatingFactor'' would be the two subEvents (past commitment and newly arisen obligation) that present a conflict between the two obligations arising from the need to be in two different places at the same time. `This ''ComplicatingFactor'' can be described as a 'complication' when it is the part of a .''ComplicatedSituation'' that makes it 'complicated'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'complication' in WordNet: 2. (2) complication - (a situation or condition that is complex or confused; 'her coming was a serious complication')`
Super-classes	ProblemSituation^c Factor^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ComplicatedSituation^c isaSubEventOf^op some ComplicatedSituation^c

Complication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complication`
Description	A ''Complication'' is a ''Disease'' arising as a result of another ''Disease''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'complication' in WordNet: 3. complication - (any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease; 'bed sores are a common complication in cases of paralysis')`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c ComplicationEvent^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some AilmentType^c

ComplicationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplicationEvent`
Description	A ''ComplicationEvent'' is a ''NewDevelopment'' that increases the complexity of a problem or situation, typically incrreasing the difficulty of the action or creating a ''ProblemToBeSOlved'' `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'complication' in WordNet: 4. complication, ramification - (a development that complicates a situation; 'the court's decision had many unforeseen ramifications')`
Super-classes	NewDevelopment^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	Complication^c

Complicit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complicit`
Description	'Complicit' is not in WN or RHUDEL, but is in Wiktionary: adj 'complicit' (comparative more complicit, superlative most complicit) Associated with or participating in an activity, especially one of a questionable nature. syn. 'complicitous'
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c

Complicity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complicity`
Description	''Complicity'' is the state of ''Guiltiness'' performed by a ''Person'' who is complicit in some Wrongdoing, usually a Crime, as a result of being an ''Accomplice'' who helped in performing the Crime (i.e.performed an ''AbettingaCrime'' Action). Similar to 'collusion'st of "agreement" `The satea of someone who is ''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute'' complicit Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'complicity' in WordNet: 1. (4) complicity - (guilt as an accomplice in a crime or offense)`
Super-classes	Guiltiness^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Accomplice^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Complicit^c isCausedBy^op value AbettingaCrime^c

ComplimentText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComplimentText`
Description	Each ''ComplimentText'' is a 'PraiseText' created by a ''Complimenting'' event. This type can be used to record the actual words expressed in a ''Complimenting''. `Corresponds to part (the text) of noun sense 1 of 'compliment' in WordNet: 1. (4) compliment - (a remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration)`
Super-classes	PraiseText^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Complimenting^c
Sub-classes	RaveReview^c

Complimentary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complimentary`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complimentary' in Wordnet: 1. (1) complimentary - (conveying or resembling a compliment; 'a complimentary remark')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Flattering^c

Complimenting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Complimenting`
Description	''Complimenting'' is a form of ''Praising'' that is directed at the one being praised, possibly with others present. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 part (the act) of noun sense 1 of 'compliment' in WordNet: 1. (4) compliment - (a remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration) WN verb 'compliment': 1. (2) compliment, congratulate - (say something to someone that expresses praise; 'He complimented her on her last physics paper') 2. (1) compliment - (express respect or esteem for)`
Super-classes	Praising^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some PraiseText^c produced^op some PraiseText^c
Sub-classes	FlatteringAction^c

Component^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Component`
Description	A ''Component'' is the most generic type for any Part of an ''Artifact-Generic'' (physical or abstract) that was separate from other parts of the artifact and became integrated into the artifact in some way. The ''Component'' may, if it is an 'Ingredient'' in a ''Mixture'', lose its separate identity, or if a replaceable ''EngineeringComponent'' may be removable and have the same properties as before insertion. `See Subtypes ''Ingredient'' for substances that form part of a ''Mixture'' and ''EngineeringComponent'' for PhysicalObjects that form part of a ''Device''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'component' in WordNet: 3. (6) component, constituent, element - (an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system; 'spare components for cars'; 'a component or constituent element of a system')`
Super-classes	GenericComponent^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some (Mixture^c or ArtifactObject^c or SubstanceType^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ComponentPartOfArtifact^c Ingredient^c EngineeringComponent^c ActiveIngredient^c

ComponentPartOfArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComponentPartOfArtifact`
Description	A ''ComponentPartOfArtifact'' is a (separately manufactured) ''Component'' that is part of some ''ArtifactObject'' that is not usually thought of as a ''EngineeringComponent''. One example is a ''Drawer'', something that is passive and performs no 'engineering' function, just storage fo stuff
Super-classes	Component^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Drawer^c Pull^c

Components^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Components`
Description	Each ''Components'' is a Group of entities (object, substance, physical or abstract) which are the Component Parts (not necessarily all of then) of some ''Group'' (including substanes). Very general, can be used to specify the 'composition' of some complex mixture of things without specifying the amount of each one individually by using the 'hasComponentElement' relation on a ''Group'', or ''List'' or a 'hasPart' relation if the subject is not a Group, or a hasProperPart relation to signify that the ''Components'' are not all of the components. `NOTe that in WordNet this is a 'property' - there should be some associated property. In COSMO this need is accmmodated - though not yet explicitly - by allowing relations among the component parts to be included as a component part of this Group. This could use a specialized relation - to be created if and when required. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'composition' in WordNet: 2. (5) constitution, composition, makeup - (the way in which someone or something is composed)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some owl:Thing^c hasComponentPart^op some (Object^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	Genotype^c Phenotype^c ComputerComponents^c

Composed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Composed`
Description	''Composed'' is an attribute of someone who is self-confident and ''Calm'' and not ''Anxious'' . This is a more intensive level of ''Calm''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'composed' in Wordnet: 2. (2) composed - (serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress; 'the performer seemed completely composed as she stepped onto the stage'; 'I felt calm and more composed than I had in a long time') WN adjective 'self-possessed': 1. collected, equanimous, poised, self-collected, self-contained, self-possessed - (in full control of your faculties; 'the witness remained collected throughout the cross-examination'; 'perfectly poised and sure of himself'; 'more self-contained and more dependable than many of the early frontiersmen'; 'strong and self-possessed in the face of trouble')
Super-classes	Calm^c SelfConfident^c
Sub-classes	CoolHeaded^c

ComposedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComposedObject`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'composition' in WordNet: 9. composition - (something that is created by arranging several things to form a unified whole; 'he envied the composition of their faculty')`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Paste-Up^c

Composer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Composer`
Description	A musical composer, i.e. someone who has written a musical composition that has been publicly performed, or who has written more than one composition of some merit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'composer' in Wordnet: 1. (24) composer - (someone who composes music as a profession)`
Super-classes	Author^c
Restrictions	isTheCreatorOf^op some MusicalComposition^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mozart

ComposingText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComposingText`
Description	The action consisting of composing (creating) an AbstractText, which may or may not consist of creating a symbolic text on some medium; the composition may be purely mental. For the physical text creation, see 'Writing'. See also Thinking..
Super-classes	Thinking^c

Composite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Composite

Description

CYC concept - mixture of substances. No CYC gloss - unclear the intended meaning.

    RHW:  7. something composite; a compound.

Super-classes Mixture^c

CompositeConcept^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompositeConcept`
Description	A CompositeConcept is a Group that consists of component elements of different basic types, such as a System (which see). The notion of a CompositeConcept provides a way to represent things like situations that have essential elements of different type (such as States and FunctionalProcesses) `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hybrid' in WordNet: 2. hybrid - (a composite of mixed origin; 'the vice-presidency is a hybrid of administrative and legislative offices')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Sub-classes	Configuration^c SituationProcessEventOrState^c MannerOfSpeaking^c TimeAndPlace^c System^c

CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent is an event that involves some mental event(s), as well as some interaction between physical objects. Each instance will thus have at least one #$PhysicalEvent as a sub-event. (It may or may not itself be an instance of #$PhysicalEvent, depending on whether it occurs at a specific spatial location.) Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, someone inheriting property, someone writing a letter, a physical examination, and a charity ball. Notable specializations of this collection include #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SensoryEvent.
Super-classes	MentalEvent^c
Sub-classes	MentalReception^c WakingUp^c LosingControlOfAControlledObject^c Romance^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c SleepingEvent^c Tickling^c GoingToSleep^c Tingling^c Perceiving^c BeingAwake^c Awakening^c Ejaculating^c

Composition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Composition

Description

A ''Composition'' is an ''Essay'' created to be presented to someone (usually a teacher) for evaluation or cticism, typically as an exercise.

       Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'composition' in WordNet:
         8. composition, paper, report, theme - (an essay (especially one written 
          as an assignment); 'he got an A on his composition')

Super-classes Essay^c

CompositionArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompositionArtifact`
Description	A ''CompositionArtifact'' is a substance mixture made by Mixing substances together intentionally. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'composition' in WordNet: 1. (7) composition - (a mixture of ingredients)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c isProducedByEventType^op value MixingSubstances^c
Sub-classes	Compost^c

CompositionAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompositionAttributeValue`
Description	Each ''CompositionAttributeValue'' is an AttributeValue describing the type of substance that an Object or Substance is partly or mostly composed of. e.g. ''Wooden''; ''Waxy''; ''Horny''.
Super-classes	SubstanceAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Wooden^c Horny^c Waxy^c Having^c

Compositional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compositional`
Description	''Compositional'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any 'composition of different components, such as 'Components'' or a ''MusicalComposition''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'compositional' in Wordnet: 1. compositional - (arranging or grouping)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Integrative^c

Compost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compost`
Description	''Compost'' is a 'CompositionArtifact'' mixture containing some vegetation with any of various organic materials, allowed to decompose together. It is used to enrich soil for growing plants. The vegetation may be grass or plant stalks, or mushrooms; on a farm, animal manure may be added to the mixture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compost' in WordNet: 1. (3) compost - (a mixture of decaying vegetation and manure; used as a fertilizer)`
Super-classes	CompositionArtifact^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CompostingEvent^c hasComponentSubstance^op value VegetableMatter^c

Composting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Composting`
Description	''Composting'' is an AttributeValue of the Organic materials decaying in a ''CompostingEvent''.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CompostingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompostingEvent`
Description	''CompostingEvent'' is a ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' in which vegetation is mixed with other Vegetation or some other organic materials and allowed to decompose (by microbial action), thus producing ''Compost'' which can be used to enrich soil to enhance growth of plants. The ''BiologicalDecompositionEvent'' that follows the ''MixingSubstances'' phase can be allowed to proceed from weeks to months before the resulting ''Compost'' is used. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compost' in WordNet: 1. compost - (convert to compost; 'compost organic debris')`
Super-classes	Altering^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value BiologicalDecompositionEvent^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hasRequiredInput value VegetableMatter^c hasSubEvent^op value MixingSubstances^c produces^op value Compost^c

Composure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Composure`
Description	`RHW: serene, self-controlled state of mind; calmness; tranquillity: Despite the hysteria and panic around him, he retained his composure Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'composure' in WordNet: 1. (3) composure, calm, calmness, equanimity - (steadiness of mind under stress; 'he accepted their problems with composure and she with equanimity')`
Super-classes	MentalState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Composed^c
Sub-classes	Serenity^c Placidness^c

CompoundNoun^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompoundNoun

Description

A CompoundNoun is a Noun composed of two or more individual words, functioning grammatically as a single Noun. There are three types of CompoundNoun: OpenCompoundNoun (dog house, physics book), HyphenatedCompoundNoun (ski-boot), and ClosedCompoundNoun (skyscraper). Many closed compound nouns started out open, with usage became hyphenated, and eventually became closed. The meanings stayed the same for many of them - but there are cases where adjective-noun combinations can occur in both forms, with different meanings, such as: blue bird (a bird with bluish color) bluebird (a specific species of bird) In those cases, a different emphasis and accent will usually distinguish in speaking between the compound noun and the adjective-noun combination.

In the broad sense of 'collocation' (meaning words that are used together more frequently that would occur by chance combination), a CompoundNoun would be one type of collocation. (But 'collocation' has also been used in the narrower sense of words that are used together and related by grammatical function, such as verb-object)

Super-classes GrammaticalStructure^c
Noun^c

Comprehending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comprehending`
Description	''Comprehending'' is one of the WN senses of 'understand'' which has no parent type. This concept os difficult to distinguish from the parent ''Understanding''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'understand' in Wordnet: 1. (111) understand - (know and comprehend the nature or meaning of; 'She did not understand her husband'; 'I understand what she means')`
Super-classes	Understanding^c
Sub-classes	Fathoming^c

Comprehensibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comprehensibility`
Description	''Coherence'' is a state in which the entity(s) in focus are both comprhensible and logically consistent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comprehensibility' in WordNet: 1. comprehensibility, understandability - (the quality of comprehensible language or thought)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Understandable^c
Sub-classes	Coherence^c

Comprehensive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comprehensive

Description

''Comprehensive'' is a subtype of''Inclusive'' that applies to a Group whose elements are not necessarily of the same type, but including all things that can be expected to belong in the thing characterized as ''Comprehensive'.

       Overlaps to some degree with 'complete'.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'comprehensive' in WordNet:
            1. (8) comprehensive - (including all or everything; 'comprehensive coverage'; 
              'a comprehensive history of the revolution'; 'a comprehensive survey'; 'a comprehensive education')

Super-classes Inclusive^c

ComprehensiveExam^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComprehensiveExam

Description

A ''ComprehensiveExam'' is a ''WrittenExam'' that tests a student's mastery of some field, not just a single course.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comprehensive examination' in WordNet:
        1. comprehensive examination, comprehensive, comp - (an intensive examination
            testing a student's proficiency in some special field of knowledge; 
            'she took her comps in English literature')

Super-classes WrittenExam^c

Compressed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compressed

Description

''Compressed'' is the attribute of some Object that became ''Smaller'' due to experiencing a ''Compressing'' Action.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'compressed' in Wordnet:
     2. (1) compressed - (reduced in volume by pressure; 'compressed air')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Smaller^c

Compressibility^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compressibility

Description

''Compressibility'' is a subtype of ''Softness'' characterizing physical objects that can be reduced in volume by application of pressure..

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compressibility' in WordNet:
      1. compressibility, squeezability, sponginess - (the property
          of being able to occupy less space)

Super-classes Softness^c

Compressible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compressible`
Description	Compressible is the quality of objects and solid substances that permits objects to become narrower in width, in the direction of a line between two other objects that are exerting a force on the compressible object. The deformation will be mostly or completely reversed when the force is removed, and this reversible quality makes this attribute more specific than 'deformable'. This is not a property of a Gas - the 'compressibility' of a gas is a different attribute. This differs from 'flexible' in that a flexible object may not be compressible, and the quality of 'Flexible' is usually applied to objects that are long relative to their girth, whereas 'Compressible' is usually applied to objects that are not much longer than they are wide. A long couch cushion would perhaps be among the longest objects that would be characterized as 'Compressible', but any spongy substance such as the matting used under a carpet would also be 'Compressible'. NOTE: all solid objects compress to some extent; 'compressible' has the common-sense meaning that an object can compress noticeably (to a person) when a force that a person can easily apply (such as by stepping on it) is pressed against the object. This is a quality that is usually attributed to objects that are not very long relative to their girth. Examples are sponges, some kinds of cake, cork, inflated rubber balls, inflated auto tires, foam pillows and cushions, but sheets of spongy material also qualify. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compressible' in Wordnet: 1. compressible - (capable of being compressed or made more compact; 'compressible packing materials'; 'a compressible box') 2. compressible, squeezable - (capable of being easily compressed)
Super-classes	Deformable^c
Sub-classes	Spongy^c

CompressibleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompressibleObject`
Description	A SolidObject that is Compressible.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Compressible^c
Sub-classes	CorkStopper^c

CompressibleSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompressibleSubstance`
Description	A SolidSubstance that is Compressible.
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Compressible^c
Sub-classes	Padding^c

Compressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compressing`
Description	This sense of ''Compressing'' is generically for making something 'smaller' in a physical volume or (as with information) by some other measure of 'size'. This includes as subtype the reduction of physical volume by applying pressure, represented by ''VolumeCompression''. This can be used for compressing data (which could be a subtype - dataCompression). NOTE: because of In that case 'mayBeCausedBy ApplyingAPressure' would be replaced by 'isCausedBy ApplyingAPressure'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compress' and part of noun sense 2 of 'compression' (not for shrinking due to cooling) in WordNet: 1. (7) compress, compact, pack together - (make more compact by or as if by pressing; 'compress the data') WN noun 'compression': 2. compression, condensation, contraction - (the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together; 'the contraction of a gas on cooling')
Super-classes	MakingSomethingMoreCompact^c ShrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value ApplyingAPressure^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Compressed^c hadReducedEntity^op value Size^c
Sub-classes	VolumeCompression^c

Compromise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compromise`
Description	A ''Compromise'' is an Agreement that is created by an Action of ''Compromising''. `'concession' - something given up Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'compromise' in WordNet: 2. (1) compromise - (an accommodation in which both sides make concessions; 'the newly elected congressmen rejected a compromise because they considered it 'business as usual'')`
Super-classes	CollectiveGoal^c MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value Compromising^c isTheResultOf^op some Compromising^c

Compromised^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compromised

Description

The attribute that represents the fact that at least one person who is not a member of the group which ordinarily has access to an individual with #$levelOfSecurity #$LimitedAccess, usually as a result of some #$Cracking-CompromisingSecurity.

       This is a specialized sense for characterizing Persons or groups that cen
         not be trusted with important classified information.

     THe only RHW sense is for compromised immune systems:
       compromised adj. Pathol.
          unable to function optimally, esp. with regard to immune response,
          owing to underlying disease, harmful environmental exposure,
          or the side effects of a course of treatment.

        No WN sense for 'compromised'.

Super-classes Untrustworthy^c

Compromising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compromising`
Description	''Compromising'' is a subtype of 'MakingAnAgreement' which does not give each party everything s/he wants,but each gets something s/he wants and gives up something s/he wants. The agreement arrived at is not necesarily a formal ''Contract', i.e. it may be but is not necessarily a binding and enforceable Agreement. `Nevertheless it creates an ''Obligation'' which can be moral rather than legal. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compromise' in WordNet: 1. (3) compromise - (make a compromise; arrive at a compromise; 'nobody will get everything he wants; we all must compromise')`
Super-classes	MakingaDeal^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Compromise^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value AgreeingAgents^c hasSubEvent^op value ConcedingSomething^c

Comptroller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comptroller`
Description	A ''Comptroller'' in WN is considered aynonymous with ''Accountant'', but in COSMO this is a subtype `RHW: 1. an employee, often an officer, of a business firm who checks expenditures, finances, etc.; comptroller. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comptroller' in WordNet: 1. accountant, comptroller, controller - (someone who maintains and audits business accounts)`
Super-classes	DeskWorker^c Accountant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AuditingaFinancialDocument^c

Compulsion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compulsion`
Description	''Compulsion'' is a ''Desire'' that is so intense it is difficult to resist. NOTE: neither WN sense seems to capture all of the more general meaning of this type, which may be sudden (like an impulse) or may cause repetitive trivial actions. Bit the subtype ''Addiction'' is neither sudden nor trivial. Those senses could be subtypes of this general type. Corresponds approximately to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'compulsion' in WordNet: 1. (3) compulsion, irresistible impulse - (an urge to do or say something that might be better left undone or unsaid) 2. (1) compulsion, obsession - (an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions against your will)
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value IrrationalMotive^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Overwhelming^c

Compulsive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compulsive`
Description	''Compulsive'' is an AttributeValue of a behavior that is caused by irresistible (''Overwhelming'') Feelings. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'compulsive' in Wordnet: 1. (7) compulsive - (caused by or suggestive of psychological compulsion; 'compulsive drinking')`
Super-classes	Overwhelming^c
Sub-classes	Obsessive^c

CompulsiveBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompulsiveBehavior`
Description	Each ''CompulsiveBehavior'' is a Behavior of an individual person that arises from some ''Compulsion''.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Behavior^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Compulsion^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Irrational^c
Sub-classes	HabituallySmokingMarijuana^c

CompulsivePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CompulsivePerson`
Description	Each ''CompulsivePerson'' is a ''Compulsive'' Person (a ''Person with a ''Compulsion'') who performs some form of ''CompulsiveBehavior''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compulsive' in WordNet: 1. (4) compulsive - (a person with a compulsive disposition; someone who feels compelled to do certain things)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some (CompulsiveBehavior^c or ActionType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Compulsive^c
Sub-classes	Workaholic^c

Compulsory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Compulsory

Description

''Compulsory' is a subtype of ''Necessary'' in which the 'need' (to perform or refrain from an Action) is created by some Rule or order or demand from an agent having Authority.

  This is one AttributeValue of  Actions that are part of an Obligation.

 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'compulsory' in Wordnet:
      1. compulsory, mandatory, required - (required by rule; 'in most schools
         physical education is compulsory'; 'attendance is mandatory'; 'required reading')
 WN adj 'obligatory':
   1. obligatory - (morally or legally constraining or binding; 'attendance is obligatory';
      'an obligatory contribution')

Super-classes Necessary^c

Computational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Computational

Description

''Computational'' is the attribute that pertains to

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'computational' in Wordnet:
           1. computational - (of or involving computation or computers; 'computational linguistics')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

ComputationalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputationalDevice`
Description	'ComputationalDevice' is a generic high-level type including any device that can perform computations, arithmetic or symbolic, electronically or mechanically. `This is classified as a 'GenericAgent'.`
Super-classes	AgentiveArtifact^c Device^c
Sub-classes	ComputationalSystem^c

ComputationalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputationalObject`
Description	A specialization of both #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing and #$IntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$ComputationalObject is a syntactically structured form, such as a Cyc system expression, a Lisp string, a C variable name, or an equation in a particular canonical form format.
Super-classes	MathematicalObject^c
Sub-classes	MathematicalExpression^c Equation^c MathematicalRepresentation^c

ComputationalSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputationalSystem`
Description	COSMO: this type is for electronic computing devices. Cyc: A specialization of #$InformationBearingObject and #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of this collection is a system used for computing purposes. It includes as specializations both #$Computer and #$ComputerNetwork. Anything that can be said about both collections can more efficiently be stated about this collection. For example, instead of saying that system administrators maintain instances of #$Computer and #$ComputerNetwork, one can simply say that system administrators maintain instances of #$ComputationalSystem.
Super-classes	ComputationalDevice^c ElectronicDevice^c ConnectedPathSystem^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Computing^c enablesOrAssists^op value Computing^c
Sub-classes	Computer^c Calculator^c VideoConferencingDevice^c

Computed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Computed

Description

''Computed'' is the attribute of a ''MathematicalObject'' that is produced by a ''Computing'' Action.

        No WN entry for this sense of 'calculated'.

Super-classes Elected^c

Computer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Computer`
Description	This is for a generic 'computer' including analog computers. For Digital computers, use ''DigitalComputer''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer' in WordNet: 1. (6) computer, computing machine, computing device, data processor, electronic computer, information processing system - (a machine for performing calculations automatically)`
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareItem^c ComputationalSystem^c
Restrictions	containsObjects^op value ComputerComponents^c
Sub-classes	DigitalComputer^c

ComputerActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerActivity`
Description	CYC: A collection of events, and a specialization of both #$Action and #$PhysicalEvent. In each instance of #$ComputerActivity, at least one instance of #$Computer is somehow involved. An instance of #$Person may or may not be involved. (Instances of #$ComputerActivity where no #$Person is involved fall under the more specialized collection #$ComputerProcessRunning.) A wide variety of activities falls into this collection - from sending an email (see the more specialized collection #$EMailSending), to scanning a set of ports (see #$PortScan), to a computer crash (see #$ComputerCrashing). A situation where someone took to a computer with an axe would also fulfil the requirements for being an instance of #$ComputerActivity, though (hopefully) in an unusual and 'degenerate' sense.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value DigitalComputer^c
Sub-classes	ElectronicDataSearching^c NetworkCommunication^c UsingaComputer^c EditingAnElectronicDocument^c DatabaseSearching^c

ComputerApplicationProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerApplicationProgram`
Description	A ''ComputerApplicationProgram'' is a ''ComputerProgram'' that is not an operating system nor a 'device driver', but is intended to be used by an end user, rather than a devloper. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'application' in WordNet: 3. (65) application, application program, applications programme - (a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task; "he has tried several different word processing applications")`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c ComputerProgram^c
Sub-classes	SmartPhoneApp^c SpreadsheetProgram^c WebBrowser^c SocialNeworkProgram^c

ComputerAudioFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerAudioFile`
Description	An abstract computer file representing some audio (sound) sequence. `Such files have locations,but they may or ma not have anonline URL-defined acessible location. CYC comment for 'ComputerSoundFile': A specialization of #$ComputerFile-AIS. Each #$ComputerSoundFile contains a digital representation of some #$AudibleSound, and is linked to an instance of #$ComputerSoundFileTypeByFormat via the predicate #$fileFormat.`
Super-classes	ComputerFile-Abstract^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value InformationStorageMediumObject^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some SoundTrack^c
In range of	hasPronunciation^op

ComputerBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerBoard`
Description	A specialization of #$IntegratedCircuit and #$ComputerHardwareComponent. Each instance of #$ComputerBoard is an insulated board on which interconnected circuits are mounted or etched. Major specializations are the disjoint collections #$ComputerMotherBoard and #$ExpansionCard.
Super-classes	SmallRigidSheet^c ComputerHardwareComponent^c
Sub-classes	CircuitBoard^c

ComputerCircuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerCircuit`
Description	A ''ComputerCircuit'' is an ''ElectronicCircuit'' within some ''Computer'' or other Device that performs some digital logical functions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer circuit' in WordNet: 1. computer circuit - (a circuit that is part of a computer)`
Super-classes	ElectronicCircuit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Computer^c
Sub-classes	PrintedCircuit^c

ComputerComponents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerComponents`
Description	The necessary components of every modern digital computer. (though not a server - this requires a display)
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Components^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some ComputerKeyboard^c hasComponentElement^op some ComputerDisplay^c hasComponentElement^op some ComputerMemory^c hasComponentElement^op some CentralProcessingUnit^c

ComputerCracker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerCracker`
Description	The terms 'cracker' and 'hacker' referring to computer programmers have various uses. This is for programmers who gain unauthorized access to a computer (or system or network) for any purpose; as a hobby, or as a challenge for learning, or as a 'white hat' to probe and find vulnerabilities, or (in the subtype ''Hacker'') to steal or maliciously damage a computer system. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cracker' in WordNet: 3. cracker - (a programmer who 'cracks' (gains unauthorized access to) computers, typically to do malicious things; 'crackers are often mistakenly called hackers') WN 'hacker': 3. hacker - (a programmer for whom computing is its own reward; may enjoy the challenge of breaking into other computers but does no harm; 'true hackers subscribe to a code of ethics and look down upon crackers')`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c Person^c ComputerUser^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Hacking^c
Sub-classes	Hacker^c

ComputerDiskDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerDiskDevice`
Description	COSMO note: a ComputerDiskDevice is the whole device, including its casing, therefore it is not necessarily disk-shaped, though the actual storage component, a part of the device, will be disk-shaped. This is an Object, therefore, unlike in Cyc, it cannot be a subtype of 'ComputerInformationStorageMedia', which is a substance in COSMO. A CD is in fact disk-shaped, but that is a subtype of 'DigitalInformationBearingObject', not of media. The removable 'disk' (such as a Floppy Disk or removable hard disk) containing a disk encased in some protective or functional casing is an instance of this type. For CD's use 'CD-Physical'. `Cyc: A spec of #$InformationStorageMedia, this is the collection of all disks used for storage of information. This includes floppy disks as well as hard disks.`
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareItem^c DigitalInformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Disk^c

ComputerDisplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerDisplay`
Description	A specialization of #$ComputerOutputDevice. Each instance of this collection is a device with which computer output is displayed visually. An important specialization is #$ComputerMonitor-VideoKind, but see also #$DataProjector. `NOTE: this includes any Device that displays images created by a computer sytem,including those on Smart Phones and television screens, when those are used as a CoputerMonitor. display, video display See subtype ''ComputerMonitor''.`
Super-classes	ComputerPeripheralDevice^c HexalateralObject^c ComputerOutputDevice^c VideoDisplayDevice^c
Sub-classes	ComputerMonitor^c

ComputerDisplayDesktop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerDisplayDesktop`
Description	A ''ComputerDisplayDesktop'' is the ''ComputerDisplayImage'' in some Window-based GUI operating systems that is the background on which icons representing programs or files are displayed, usually for access via a computer 'mouse'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'desktop' in WordNet: 2. background, desktop, screen background - ((computer science) the area of the screen in graphical user interfaces against which icons and windows appear)`
Super-classes	HumanAccessibleIBO^c StillImage^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value ComputerDisplayImage^c

ComputerDisplayImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerDisplayImage`
Description	A ''ComputerDisplayImage'' is any part of or the whole of the image(s) on a ''ComputerMonitor''.
Super-classes	StillImage^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value ComputerMonitor^c
Sub-classes	Clickbait^c

ComputerDisplayView^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerDisplayView`
Description	A ''ComputerDisplayView'' is the 'View'' created by a '"ComputerDisplay''
Super-classes	VideoDisplay^c
Restrictions	wasEmittedByObject^op value VideoDisplayDevice^c hadThingTransferred^op value MoonLight^c wasVisibleTo^op some ComputerUser^c occurredAt^op value VideoDisplayDevice^c

ComputerFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerFile`
Description	Each 'ComputerFile' is a PhysicalObject that represents digital information and is stored on some physical computer-readable device. To some extent this type has elements of an AbstractObject, but it is a PhysicalObject because it must have parts that are PhysicalObjects (if only electrons or small magnetized regions of a PhysicalObject. A 'ComputerFile' may but does not have to have a web-accessible URL. The restriction requires that each instance of 'ComputerFile' have a corresponding 'ComputerFile-Abstract'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer file' in WordNet: 1. computer file - ((computer science) a file maintained in computer-readable form)`
Super-classes	DigitalInformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some ComputerFile-Abstract^c
In range of	hasFileRepresentation^op

ComputerFile-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerFile-Abstract`
Description	COSMO note: this is an AbstractInformationObject that represents the information content (including the format) of a computer file. All physical copies of a 'ComputerFile-Abstract' will be physical representations of the same 'ComputerFile-Abstract'. In COSMO a 'ComputerFile-Abstract' is considereed as an 'AbstractDocument'. Cyc: In some respects and in some domains (notably, #$ComputerSecurityMt) it is sometimes more convenient and more natural to represent computer files as instances of #$ConceptualWork. This enables #$Cyclists to adapt existing, program-(#$ConceptualWork) oriented vocabulary to represent files. On the other hand, in some respects (notably when dealing with encryption) it is sometimes more convenient and natural to represent computer files as instances of #$AbstractInformationStructure. Thus we have two collections, #$ComputerFile-AIS and #$ComputerFile-CW. This collection, #$ComputerFile-Abstract, serves as the union of these two collections in order that there might be some vocabulary which can apply to both collections (e.g., #$fileFoundOnComputer)
Super-classes	AbstractInformationStore^c AbstractDocument^c DataFile^c
Sub-classes	ComputerAudioFile^c ComputerProgram^c BarCodeData^c ComputerImageFile^c ComputerVideoFile^c WebPage-AIS^c WebAccessibleFile^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WikiPediaPageOnSemanticInteroperability

ComputerFileGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerFileGroup`
Description	Each 'ComputerFileGroup' is a group of one or more 'ComputerFile-Abstract'(s). This could, for example, be the files in a file folder on a computer. Another usage for this type is the subtype 'GenericWebPage', consisting of the group of files (each of which is an 'WebPage-AIS') that start at one directly addressable file that is accessible from the Internet, and composed of or directly linked to one starting 'WebPage-AIS', which is a URL-addressable Computer file.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ComputerFile-Abstract^c
Sub-classes	GenericWebPage^c

ComputerGeek^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerGeek

Description

A ''ComputerGeek'' is someone who has an expert level of knowledge of computer programming, especially of procedures that are not well known to most programmers.

    No WN entry for this sense of 'geek'.
      RHW noun 'geek':
        3.  an expert in computers (a term of pride as self-reference, but often
             considered offensive when used by outsiders.)

Super-classes Expert^c
ComputerProgrammer^c

ComputerGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerGroup`
Description	A 'ComputerGroup'' is a Group of 'Computer''s. Mostly of interest when they form part of a ''ComputerNetwork''.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only DigitalComputer^c

ComputerHardwareComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerHardwareComponent`
Description
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareItem^c Device^c EngineeringComponent^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Computer^c
Sub-classes	CentralProcessingUnit^c ComputerKeyboard^c ComputerStorageDevice^c ComputerProcessor^c ComputerBoard^c ComputerPeripheralDevice^c ComputerInterfaceDevice^c

ComputerHardwareItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerHardwareItem`
Description	A specialization of #$ElectronicDevice and #$ComputerProduct. Each instance of this collection is either an entire #$Computer, or a device used with or in computers to accomplish some computing-related task (for instance, computer terminals, printers, keyboards, etc.)
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c ElectronicDevice^c
Sub-classes	ComputerDiskDevice^c ComputerHardwareComponent^c ComputerMemoryDevice^c ComputerPrinter^c Computer^c VideoConferencingDevice^c

ComputerImageFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerImageFile`
Description	COSMO note: This is the digital representation of a still image (not a video); it does not have to be in PixelImage (raster-style) form. This is an AbstractObject, and does not have to be the actual electrons, magnetic fields, or holes in a CD that represent the file. `NOTE also that this is both a ComputerFile and an AbstractImage. Cyc: A specialization of #$ComputerFile-AIS. Each #$ComputerImageFile contains a digital representation of some #$VisualImage, and is linked to an instance of #$ComputerImageFileTypeByFormat via the predicate #$fileFormat. A #$ComputerImageFile has a bit-depth and resolution that specify the number of hues it distinguishes and the number of pixels per linear inch it represents.`
Super-classes	ComputerFile-Abstract^c AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value InformationStorageMediumObject^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WitchDroodleGif

ComputerInformationStorageMedia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerInformationStorageMedia`
Description	COSMO note; in COSMO 'InformationStorageMedia' is a PhysicalSubstance, not an Object. Therefore 'media' is to be interpreted as the substance used for storage: magnetic tape, the substance of which optical disks are made, the substance of which magnetic hard disks are made, etc. For individual disks, use 'ComputerDisk'. This usage clashes with Cyc, where there are no 'substance' types of the kind in COSMO. @ToDo: create ComputerInformationStorageObject?? `Cyc: #$ComputerInformationStorageMedia is the subset of #$InformationStorageMedia whose instances are all and only those entities on which instances of #$ComputerFileCopy may be stored.`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c InformationStorageMedia^c
Sub-classes	MagneticTapeStuff^c

ComputerInputDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerInputDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$ComputerInterfaceDevice. Each instance of this collection is an #$ElectronicDevice which delivers information from a user to a computer.
Super-classes	ComputerPeripheralDevice^c ComputerInterfaceDevice^c
Sub-classes	ComputerKeyboard^c ComputerJoystick^c ImageScanner^c BarCodeScanner^c

ComputerInstruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerInstruction`
Description	A ''ComputerInstruction'' is a part of a ''ComputerProgram'' (an abstract ''InformationObject'') that can be interpreted by the logic unit of a digital computer as an order to perform some manipulation of data. This may be represented by one or more lines of computer code. `CYC: ProgramStep The collection of all linear steps that are part of some piece of software [#$SoftwareObject]. Instantiations of each #$ProgramStep operate as a serial process, although instantiations of multiple program steps for the same program may run in parallel or asynchronously. Corresponds approximately to noun sense of '4' in WordNet: 4. instruction, command, statement, program line - ((computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program)`
Super-classes	Specification^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only ComputerInstructionExecution^c isaComponentElementOf^op some ComputerProgram^c

ComputerInstructionExecution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerInstructionExecution`
Description	A 'ComputerInstructionExecution' is an Event in which some computer (of any kind) executes one or more instructions in a 'ComputerProgram'. This follows and is caused by a ''TransmittingaComputerInstruction'' Event, and may consist of one or more computational steps. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer operation' in WordNet: 1. computer operation, machine operation - (an elementary operation that a computer is designed and built to perform)`
Super-classes	Computing^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Computer^c isAnExecutionOf^op some ComputerProgram^c isPerformedBy^op value Computer^c
Sub-classes	InstructionLoopExecution^c FloatingPointOperation^c InformationRetrieval^c SequentialLoopExecution^c

ComputerInstructionSequence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerInstructionSequence`
Description	A ''ComputerInstructionSequence'' is a ''Sequence'' of ''ComputerInstruction''s that comprise all or a part of a ''ComputerProgram'' (an abstract ''InformationObject'') that can be interpreted by the logic unit of a digital computer as an order to perform some manipulation of data. `Approximately the same as CYC' 'ProgramStepSequence': A linear series of program steps that can be considered as a program step in its own right. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'code' and sense 1 of 'computer code' in WordNet: 3. code, computer code - ((computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions)`
Super-classes	Sequence^c Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only ComputerInstructionExecution^c hasComponentElement^op some ComputerInstruction^c isaPartOf^op some ComputerProgram^c

ComputerInterfaceDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerInterfaceDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. Each instance of this collection is a device that allows a user to communicate with a #$Computer. One sigificant specialization of #$ComputerInterfaceDevices is #$ComputerInputDevice -- with its subsets #$ComputerKeyboard, #$Scanner-Optical, #$ComputerMouse, etc. Another is #$ComputerOutputDevice -- with its subsets #$MonitorPort, #$ComputerMonitor-Color, etc.
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareComponent^c
Sub-classes	ComputerOutputDevice^c ComputerInputDevice^c

ComputerJoystick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerJoystick`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'joystick' in WordNet: 2. joystick - (a manual control consisting of a vertical handle that can move freely in two directions; used as an input device to computers or to devices controlled by computers)`
Super-classes	ComputerInputDevice^c ControlLever^c
Restrictions	controlsManually^op some (ComputingDeviceType^c or Computer^c) isOperatedByAction^op value MovingWithTheHand^c

ComputerKeyboard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerKeyboard

Description

A device used for accepting typed input from a computer user.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer keyboard' in WordNet:
          1. computer keyboard, keypad - (a keyboard 
             that is a data input device for computers; arrangement of keys
             is modelled after the typewriter keyboard)

Super-classes ComputerInputDevice^c
HexalateralObject^c
ComputerHardwareComponent^c

ComputerLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerLanguage`
Description	A specialization of #$ConstructedLanguage and #$FormalLanguage. Each instance of #$ComputerLanguage is designed expressly for the purpose of creating expressions that are in some sense interpretable by computers. This may mean that the expressions are used to program computers (for which, see the specialization #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage), to facilitate interaction between pieces of software, or to indicate how to represent pieces of text (for which, see #$MarkupLanguage). Machine and assembly languages are also included in this category. `SUMO: The class of Languages designed for and interpreted by a computer.`
Super-classes	ArtificialLanguage^c
Sub-classes	MarkupLanguage^c ProgrammingLanguage^c

ComputerMemory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerMemory

Description

$ComputerMemory is a subset of

        #$ComputerStorageDevice.  It includes all the varieties of
        memory that   computers can access, including physical
        memory (both RAM and ROM) and   virtual memory.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer memory' in WordNet:
          1. memory, computer memory, storage, computer storage, store, memory board - 
             (an electronic memory device; 'a memory and the CPU form the central part
             of a computer to which peripherals are attached')

Super-classes ComputerStorageDevice^c

ComputerMemoryDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerMemoryDevice`
Description	'ComputerMemoryDevice'' can be the integrated circuit or the whol device with IO - a thumb drive or a CD or DVD drive. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memory device' in WordNet: 1. memory device, storage device - (a device that preserves information for retrieval)`
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareItem^c
Sub-classes	BufferStorage^c

ComputerMenu^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerMenu`
Description	A ''ComputerMenu''is a 'ListOfAlternatives' in which the 'entries', are alternative . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer menu' in WordNet: 1. menu, computer menu - ((computer science) a list of options available to a computer user)`
Super-classes	ListOfAlternatives^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only ComputerOption^c

ComputerMonitor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerMonitor

Description

Includes electron-tube and flat screen display devices, of any size, as long as they are separate functional objects, perhaps including soun but not just a display that is part of a functional computing device like the dispay on a smart phone..

      CYC: ('ComputerMonitor-VideoKind') Like the screen you are staring at.  Don't
        confuse with ComputerDisplay.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer monitor' in WordNet:
            1. computer monitor - (a device that displays signals on a computer screen)
        WN noun 'screen':
           3. (2) screen, CRT screen - (display on the surface of the large end 
             of a cathode-ray tube on which is electronically created)
        WN noun 'monitor':
            1. (3) monitor, monitoring device - (display produced by a device that 
               takes signals and displays them on a television screen or a computer monitor)

Super-classes ComputerDisplay^c

ComputerNetwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerNetwork`
Description	A ''ComputerNetwork'' is a ''Network'' consisting of two or more ''Computer''s. that are connected by some pathway that permits them to rapidly exchange digital data, The ''Internet'' is a large Network, a subtype of this type.
Super-classes	Network^c
Restrictions	containsObjects^op some ComputerGroup^c
Sub-classes	Intranet^c Internet^c

ComputerNetworkConnection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerNetworkConnection`
Description	A 'ComputerNetworkConnection' is a ''Connection-Physical'' consisting of some line that transmits information between omputers or between computers and input/output devices (electrical, fiber optic, radio) plus the devices supporting that line.
Super-classes	Connection-Physical^c Device^c ArtifactObject^c Path-Physical^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToConnect^op value Computer^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ComputerNetwork^c
Sub-classes	DialUpConnectionToAComputerNetwork^c

ComputerNetworkPathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerNetworkPathSystem`
Description	A ComputerNetworkPathSystem is the abstract system of paths (not the physical connections) that connect a computer network.
Super-classes	FunctionalObject^c PathSystem^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheInternetPathSystem

ComputerOption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerOption`
Description	A ''ComputerOption'' is an''AlternativeThing'' that is one of the elements on a 'ComputerMenu''. `This can be one variable in a program, or one of several computer programs, or any of the choices that can be presented to the user of program.`
Super-classes	AlternativeThing^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value ComputerMenu^c

ComputerOutputDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerOutputDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$ComputerInterfaceDevice. Each instance of this collection is an #$ElectronicDevice which delivers information from a computer to its user.
Super-classes	ComputerInterfaceDevice^c
Sub-classes	ComputerPrinter^c ComputerDisplay^c

ComputerPeripheralDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerPeripheralDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$ComputerHardwareItem. Each instance of this collection is an electronic device intended to be used with (but not in) some computer. Examples include #$ComputerKeyboard and #$ComputerPrinter. An external floppy drive is a positive exemplar, but an internal floppy drive is a negative exemplar. Notable specializations of this collection include #$ComputerInputDevice and #$ComputerOutputDevice.
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareComponent^c
Sub-classes	ComputerInputDevice^c ComputerPrinter^c ComputerDisplay^c Modem^c DiskDrive^c

ComputerPrinter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerPrinter`
Description	A Printing device designed to be attached (directly or by radio waves) to a computer and print things (text, graphics) output from the computer. `Cyc: The collection of computer hardware that is used for producing hard copies of text or images. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'printer' in WordNet: 2. printer - ((computer science) an output device that prints the results of data processing)`
Super-classes	ComputerPeripheralDevice^c ComputerHardwareItem^c ComputerOutputDevice^c PrintingDevice^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Computer^c

ComputerProcessor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerProcessor`
Description	A specialization of #$ComputerHardwareComponent. Each instance of this collection is a computer processor which is in the shell (part of the #$ComputerMainBox) and contains the #$CentralProcessingUnit.
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareComponent^c

ComputerProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerProgram`
Description	ComputerProgram (SUMO) ProgramSpecification (Cyc) COSMO note: this is an abstract representation of a computer program, which is an ordered Group of executable instructions in some computer programming language. A document could be a computer program, but a computer program does not have to be a document. This can be the code itself, or a 'pseudocode' specification of what the code structure should be. SUMO ('ComputerProgram'): A set of instructions in a computer programming language that can be executed by a computer. The intended SUMO and Cyc meanings may not be identical. OpenCyc #$SoftwareObject-Individual may be closer to an actual program. Includes CYC 'ComputerProgram-CW': A specialization of #$PropositionalConceptualWork, #$ComputerFile-CW and #$SoftwareObject-Individual. Each instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW is a deliberately created abstract object comprised of propositions that together constitute a list of instructions for computers to execute. Example instances include #$Emacs-TheProgram and #$LinuxKernel-TheProgram. Instances of this collection are distinct from computer code and from both running and installed programs. The instructions that comprise an instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW can be expressed as abstract computer code (see #$ComputerCode), but no list of instructions expressed in code constitutes an instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW. Rather, the code in which an instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW is expressed constitutes an instance of #$AbstractInformationStructure that can be related to the program it expresses using the predicate #$programCode. More than one instance of #$ComputerCode can express the same instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW; for example, a single instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW can be written in source code (see #$ComputerCode-Source) in several different computer languages, or it can be complied as a binary executable (see #$ComputerCode-Binary). A physical instantiation of a #$ComputerProgram-CW is a #$ComputerProgramCopy which is an #$InformationBearingThing and is related to its #$ComputerProgram-CW by the predicate #$programCopies. An instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW that is being executed is a #$ComputerProcessRunning, related to its #$ComputerProgram-CW by the predicate #$programOfProcess. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: [ProgramSpecification] A black-box characterization of (some aspects of) how a program should behave. For instance a sorting program can be specified by requiring that the output be a list of the same elements as the input such that no element follows a greater element. A #$ProgrammingLanguageImplementation can be specified by the #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage it implements. CYC 'ProgramSpecification' (later version): NOTE that in COSMO the code itself is included in this type. A specialization of #$Specification. Each instance of this collection is not a computer program itself (i.e. lines of code), but an abstract characterization of how a program should behave. For instance, a sorting program can be specified by requiring that the program's output be a list of the same elements as the input such that no element follows an element that is greater than it. A notable example of a #$ProgramSpecification is UNIX - which is not (contrary to popular belief) an operating system per se, but a specification to which many different operating systems (instances of #$UnixOS) conform. Note that instances of #$ProgramSpecification do not necessarily specify single, discrete programs -- thus many of the internet's RFC protocol-establishing documents (see #$RequestForComments-Internet) fall into this collection Includes other CYC concepts: CYC 'ComputerCode': A specialization of #$ComputerAIS. Each instance of #$ComputerCode is an abstract list of instructions expressed in some computer language (see #$ComputerLanguage) including executable binary code. CYC: ComputerCode-Binary:The collection of all binary machine code executable by a #$Computer. @ToDO: do computer programs have Capabilities or only the computer that runs the program? If the program itself has capability, then this attribute would not be a property only of PhysicalObjects. How to specify that a ComputerProgram enables a computer to do things? Not resolved as of v0.48. Similar to a learned capability? Is a ComputerProgram a form of learning - at least when installed? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'program' and includes sense 3 of 'code' and sense 1 of 'computer code' in WordNet: 3. (66) program, programme, computer program, computer programme - ((computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; 'the program required several hundred lines of code') WN noun 'code': 3. code, computer code - ((computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions)
Super-classes	ComputerFile-Abstract^c Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only ComputerProgramExecution^c
Sub-classes	SoftwareAgent^c Compiler^c EmulatorProgram^c UserInterface^c Software^c ComputerApplicationProgram^c

ComputerProgramExecution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerProgramExecution`
Description	A 'ComputerProgramExecution' is an Event in which some computer (of any kind) executes one or more instructions in a 'ComputerProgram'. `For a program execution, the Cmoputer is considered as an 'agent' that performs the task. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'execution' in WordNet: 3. execution, instruction execution - ((computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer)`
Super-classes	Computing^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some ComputerProgram^c usedDevice^op value Computer^c isPerformedBy^op value Computer^c
Sub-classes	DatabaseTransaction^c Emulation^c

ComputerProgrammer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerProgrammer`
Description	A specialization of #$ComputerUser. Each instance of this collection is an agent (usually a #$Person) who programs computers in some capacity - professional or otherwise. See also #$programsIn, #$ComputerLanguage. `NOTE: this is not for automatons - yet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer programmer' in WordNet: 1. programmer, computer programmer, coder, software engineer - (a person who designs and writes and tests computer programs)`
Super-classes	Engineer^c ComputerUser^c Person^c
Sub-classes	ComputerGeek^c

ComputerScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerScience`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer science' in WordNet: 1. computer science, computing - (the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures)`
Super-classes	Engineering^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Computer^c hasTopic^op value ComputerProgram^c hasTopic^op value Computing^c
Sub-classes	ArtificialIntelligence^c

ComputerServer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerServer`
Description	A specialization of #$Computer. Each instance of this collection provides some service for other computers connected to it via a #$ComputerNetwork, by running instances of #$ServerProgram. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'server' in WordNet: 3. server, host - ((computer science) a computer that provides client stations with access to files and printers as shared resources to a computer network)`
Super-classes	MultipleUserComputer^c
Sub-classes	WebBasedServer^c

ComputerStorageDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerStorageDevice`
Description	CYC: The collection of devices used by computers to store information, e.g., floppy disks, direct access storage devices (DASD), optical disk devices, microfilm libraries, and 5.25 inch hard drives.
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareComponent^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value ComputerInformationStorageMedia^c
Sub-classes	Diskette^c DiskDrive^c MagneticStorageMedium^c MagneticDisk^c ComputerMemory^c

ComputerUser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerUser`
Description	A specialization of #$Agent-Generic. Each instance of this collection is an agent that uses a #$Computer. This collection includes #$Persons, and also copies of certain computer programs that access other programs (such as web spiders). #$ComputerUsers may be using their computers for personal, scientific, and/or institutional purposes. `NOTE: this includes any Person who uses a Device with a ''ComputerDisplay'' that includes the display on a ''SmartPhone'' or any other Device that allows the user to modify the image in some way other than just expanding or shrinking the image size (such as can be done on a digital camera.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer user' in WordNet: 1. computer user - (a person who uses computers for work or entertainment or communication or business)`
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c UserRole^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Computer^c performsAction^op value UsingaComputer^c
Sub-classes	ComputerProgrammer^c ComputerCracker^c

ComputerVideoFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerVideoFile`
Description	An abstract computer file representing some video (image) sequence; this is an Abstract computer file that may but doesn't have to represent a 'Movie' (which is also abstract, but has physical representations and tells a story). This can but does not have to include sound sequences accompanying the video. See 'AbstractVideo' for the representation that includes both sound and video components. `No exact sense in WN, but sense 1 of'video' is closest: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'video' in WordNet: 1. (1) video, picture - (the visible part of a television transmission; 'they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone')`
Super-classes	ComputerFile-Abstract^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some (Movie^c or AbstractVideo^c or VideoRecording^c) hasAbstractRepresentation^op only AbstractVideo^c
Sub-classes	MusicVideoFile^c

Computerized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Computerized`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'computerized' in Wordnet: 1. computerized, computerised - (stored, processed, analyzed, or generated by computer)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

ComputerizingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputerizingInformation`
Description	''ComputerizingInformation'' is the subtype of ''StoringInformation'' in which the Information is stored in some computer-readable digital storage medium - including but not only in a computer RAM or integrated drive. This includes putting data on an external storage medium. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'computerize' in WordNet: 2. computerize, computerise - (store in a computer; 'computerized dictionary')`
Super-classes	StoringInformation^c IBOCreation^c
Restrictions	produced^op value AbstractDigitalObject^c produced^op value DigitalInformationBearingObject^c produced^op value DigitalInformationStore^c

Computing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Computing`
Description	Performing calculations or computations, whether in symbols or numbers, whether by machine of intelligent agent. This is the most general sense of 'compute' or 'calculate', covering man and machine. `Includes but appears to be broader than verb sense 1 of 'calculate' and verb sense 1 of 'compute' and noun sense 1 of 'calculation' in WordNet: 1. (26) calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure - (make a mathematical calculation or computation) WN noun 'calculation': 1. (12) calculation, computation, computing - (the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods)`
Super-classes	Action^c
Sub-classes	ComputerProgramExecution^c ComputerInstructionExecution^c DoingMath^c

ComputingDeviceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ComputingDeviceType`
Description	''ComputingDeviceType'' is a metatype which is used to relate types of ''ComputingDevice''s to other things.
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	ComputerJoystick Computer ComputerInputDevice ComputerProcessor DigitalComputer

Comrade^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comrade

Description

A 'Comrade' is a 'Friend' who is often in one's company - a closer relation than just 'Friend', and more frequent accompanyer than the most general 'Companion'

      From Random House Webster: 'friend':
        1  a person attached to another by feelings of affection or personal regard.
        3. a person who is on good terms with another; a person who is not hostile:
            Who goes there? Friend or foe?

        Includes noun sense 1 of 'comrade' and 2 of 'fellow', sense 1 of
          'buddy', sense 1 of 'pal'  and sense 1 of 'companion' and
          sense 7 of 'mate' in WordNet:
        WN 'comrade'
          1. (55) companion, comrade, fellow, familiar, associate -
             (a person who is frequently in the company of another;
             'drinking companions'; 'comrades in arms')
        WN 'buddy':
          1. (7) buddy, brother, chum, crony, pal, sidekick - (a close friend
            who accompanies his buddies in their activities)
        WN 'mate' (used mostly in England and Australia?):
         7. mate - (informal term for a friend of the same sex)

Super-classes Friend^c
Companion^c

Con^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Con`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'con' in WordNet: 1. (1) con - (an argument opposed to a proposal)`
Super-classes	Argument^c

Concatenating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concatenating`
Description	''Concatenating'' is the act of adding one Object (Physical or Abstract) to one end of another Object so that the two form a unit that can be considered as a unit and also viewed as a chain (a ''LinearlyOrderedGroup) of objects. Thus two words can be concatenated to form a compound word, or two physical objects can be linked together to for a chain of objects `CYC 'concatenate: 'just stick em together.' This seems to be mostly for data or strings ('fields') in computer applications, but in COSMO is more general. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'concatenate' in WordNet: 2. concatenate - (add by linking or joining so as to form a chain or series; 'concatenate terms'; 'concatenate characters')`
Super-classes	AddingEvent^c Connecting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value LinearlyOrderedGroup^c

Concave^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concave

Description

NOTE: in CYC 'concave' is a concave object (see ''ConcaveObject''), but in COSMO this is the characteristic attribute of a concave object

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'concave' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) concave - (curving inward)

Super-classes SurfaceAttributeValue^c

ConcaveObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcaveObject`
Description	COSMO note: this is an Object or part of an Object that is concave, not the attribute of being concavce. InCyc called simply 'Concave'. Cyc: An attribute of a surface meaning that it is bumped or indented inward. A concave surface has a pair of points which are both closer to a viewer than points on the surface between them. Depending on the context, it may have relatively small subregions which have convexities (e.g. wrinkles, small dents, corrugations) or are flat so long as the overall shape is concave. Saddle-shapes, although convex in certain dimensions, are concave in others and are therefore concave.
Super-classes	Surface-Generic^c ObjectWithAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Concavity^c WateringCan^c Constriction^c Basin^c

Concavity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concavity`
Description	A Concavity is a Feature considered as a part of an Object, part of a relatively flat surface ('flat' depending on scale or grain size), which is a relatively shallow depression inward (requiring that an in/out axis is recognized). It might also be called loosely a 'Hole' but that term should be used for depressions in a surface too deep to be called a 'Concavity'. As a rough guideline, if the depth below the nominal surface is one half or less than the width of the depression, it should be called a 'Concavity' rather than a 'Hole'. `WordNet sense 1 of 'concavity' is vaguer, and would therefore be a parent type for this concept. in WordNet: 1. concave shape, concavity, incurvation, incurvature - (a shape that curves or bends inward)`
Super-classes	ConcaveObject^c PhysicalFeature^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recessed^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	Valley^c DepressionOnObject^c Cirque^c Indentation^c Dimple^c Crater^c GeographicalDepresson^c

Concealed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concealed

Description

''Concealed'' is a subtype of ''Hidden'' characterizing PhysicalObject that cannot be seen with the human eye,because it was an object of a ''HidingSomething'' Action, placed intentionally where it could not be easily seen.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'concealed' in Wordnet:
           2. (1) concealed - (hidden on any grounds for any motive; 
              'a concealed weapon'; 'a concealed compartment in his briefcase')

Super-classes Hidden^c
PastParticiple^c

ConcealedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcealedObject`
Description	A ''ConcealedObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that cannot be seen with the human eye,because it was an object of a ''HidingSomething'' Action, having been placed intentionally where it could not be easily seen.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Concealed^c

Concealer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concealer

Description

Makeup that conceals skin blemishes.

     concealer

Super-classes Makeup^c

ConcedingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcedingSomething`
Description	''ConcedingSomething'' is a GivingEvent in which the thing given is any of various things of value (a ''ValuableThing'') which can be a Right or an object of value. This has different subtypes, from 'Extradition' to a 'concession' as part of a 'Compromising' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'concede' in WordNet: 3. (4) concede, yield, cede, grant - (give over; surrender or relinquish to the physical control of another) WN noun 'concession': 2. (1) concession, conceding, yielding - (the act of conceding or yielding) WN verb 'cede': 2. surrender, cede, deliver, give up - (relinquish possession or control over; 'The squatters had to surrender the building after the police moved in') WN noun 'delivery': 4. delivery, livery, legal transfer - (the voluntary transfer of something (title or possession) from one party to another)
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c AgreeingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some ValuableThing^c
Sub-classes	SurrenderingaPrisoner^c

Conceited^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conceited

Description

''Conceited'' is a subtype of ''Disagreeable'' applicable to People who have such a high opinion of ther own ability or worth as to exhibit some indifference to the sensitivty of other people. There are various subtypes and degrees that are exhibited in different manners, and this general type can be subdivided as needed.

       Corresponds to attribute sense 1 of 'conceited' in WordNet:
           1. conceited, egotistic, egotistical, self-conceited, swollen, swollen-headed, vain - 
           (characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance;
           'a conceited fool'; 'an attitude of self-conceited arrogance';
           'an egotistical disregard of others'; 'so swollen by victory that he was unfit
           for normal duty'; 'growing ever more swollen-headed and arbitrary'; 
           'vain about her clothes')
        WN adj 'egotistic':
          1. egotistic, egotistical, narcissistic, self-loving - 
               (characteristic of those having an inflated idea of their own importance)

Super-classes Disagreeable^c

Conceivably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conceivably

Description

''Conceivably'' includes in it the notion of ''Possibly'' but also suggests that the speaker can imagine or visualize some means by which the thing characterized is possible. This is often used in 'could conceivably' or 'can conceivably' or 'may conceivably' (happen).

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'conceivably' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) conceivably - (within the realm of possibility; 'the weather may conceivably change')

Super-classes Possibly^c

ConceivingOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConceivingOfSomething`
Description	''ConceivingOfSomething'' represents the broad category of words and phrases that label the HumanActivity of thinking up some new (to the thinker) idea about some objects, action or plan. WordNet has several synsets that are difficult to distinguish logically. This type includes two of those synsets. `Includes verb sense 1 of 'think up' in WordNet: 1. (2) think up, think of, dream up, hatch, concoct - (devise or invent; 'He thought up a plan to get rich quickly'; 'no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software')`
Super-classes	CreatingMentally^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Concept^c
Sub-classes	Conception^c Conceptualizing^c

Concentrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concentrate`
Description	A 'Concentrate'' is a solution whose solutes have become more concentrated by a ''ConcentratingaSolution'' Event. `'conentrated milk'; 'concentrated organge juice' Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'concentrate' (any solution or suspension in which the non-volatile components have become concentrated by evaporating the liquids) in WordNet: 2. (1) concentrate - (a concentrated form of a foodstuff; the bulk is reduced by removing water)`
Super-classes	Solution^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value ConcentratingaSolution^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Concentrated^c

Concentrated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concentrated`
Description	An AttributeValue only of Mixtures, especially mixtures of liquids (Solutions) and mixtures of gases,in which one component (for liquids, the solvent) is dominent, as in aqueous solutions, or in a gas that is salient in some context, particularly the atmosphere. `Thus certain substances in aqueous solutions or in the atmosphere may be 'Concentrated'' or ''Dilute'' with respect to the dominant medium. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'concentrated' in WordNet: 2. (6) concentrated - (of or relating to a solution whose dilution has been reduced)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Saturated^c

Concentrating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concentrating`
Description	CYC: A collection of processes; a subset of #$Thinking. Each element of #$Concentrating is a mental process in which the doer's attention is fully or mostly absorbed by his or her thoughts. Every process of mental concentration is also an element of #$PurposefulAction (q.v.). For a somewhat less tightly focused thinking about one topic, use ''Preoccupation''. This is a mental Event, but it may accompany performing a physical task requiring observing or manipulating physical objects. The deeper and more prolonged subtype ''Engrossing'' usually is almost completely mental. For ''Concentrating'' deeply over some period of time use ''Engrossing''. For the act of removing solvent from a solution and getting a more concentrated solution, use 'ConcentratingaSolution'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'concentrate' and verb sense 1 of 'focus' and noun sense 1 of 'focus' in Wordnet: 2. (4) concentrate, focus, center, centre, pore, rivet - (direct one's attention on something; 'Please focus on your studies and not on your hobbies') WN noun 'focus': 1. (7) focus, focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering - (the concentration of attention or energy on something; 'the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology'; 'he had no direction in his life') WN noun 'concentration': 5. (2) concentration, engrossment, absorption, immersion - (complete attention; intense mental effort)
Super-classes	HardWork^c Preoccupation^c ThinkingAboutSomething^c PayingAttention^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intensive^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c
Sub-classes	Engrossing^c

ConcentratingByEvaporation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcentratingByEvaporation`
Description
Super-classes	Evaporating^c ConcentratingaSolution^c

ConcentratingMapleSap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcentratingMapleSap`
Description	Preparing MapleSyrup by concentating the sap of the sugar maple.
Super-classes	ConcentratingaSolution^c Evaporating^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Water^c hadThingAffected^op value MapleSap^c produces^op value MapleSyrup^c

ConcentratingaSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcentratingaSolution`
Description	SUMO: Removing a Liquid from a Solution to increase the concentration of the Solute. NOTE: the relation that specifies the quantity of a substance in a fluid (e.g. concentration of salt in sea water) is found in the relation 'hasConcentration', which takes a 'ConcentrationMeasure' as its object. The attributes 'Soluble' and 'Insoluble' are related to 'ConcentrationMeasure'. NOTE that in the WN gloss it says the 'solvent' becomes denser - it is in fact the 'solute' that becomes denser (more concentrated) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'oncentrate' in WordNet: 1. (8) concentrate - (make (the solvent of a solution) dense or denser)
Super-classes	Purifying^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value ConcentrationMeasure^c removes^op some (Solvent^c or SubstanceType^c or SolventType^c)
Sub-classes	ConcentratingMapleSap^c ConcentratingByEvaporation^c

ConcentratingaSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcentratingaSubstance`
Description	SUMO: Removing a Liquid from a Solution to increase the concentration of the Solute. NOTE: the relation that specifies the quantity of a substance in a fluid (e.g. concentration of salt in sea water) is found in the relation 'hasConcentration', which takes a 'ConcentrationMeasure' as its object. The attributes 'Soluble' and 'Insoluble' are related to 'ConcentrationMeasure'. NOTE that in the WN gloss it says the 'solvent' becomes denser - it is in fact the 'solute' that becomes denser (more concentrated) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'oncentrate' in WordNet: 1. (8) concentrate - (make (the solvent of a solution) dense or denser)
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	removes^op some (Solvent^c or SubstanceType^c or SolventType^c) causesIncreaseIn^op value ConcentrationMeasure^c

ConcentrationMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcentrationMeasure`
Description	Measures of the level of concentration in mass per unit volume of some substance. Each ConcentrationMeasure must have both a MassMeasure and a Volume Measure from which the concentration can be calculated by dividing mass by volume. `In Cyc the concentrations are called 'Concentration-PartsPerNumber' and are measured in parts per number: Cyc: The collection of concentrations expressed in terms of parts per million, parts per billion, etc. See #$PartsPerMillion, #$PartsPerBillion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concentration' in WordNet: 1. (58) concentration - - ((chemistry) the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume (expressed as moles/cubic meter))`
Super-classes	RatioQuantity^c ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	PercentNumber^c
In range of	hasConcentration^op

ConcentrationMeasurementResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcentrationMeasurementResult`
Description	A ''ConcentrationMeasurementResult'' is the information derived from a measurement of 'concentration' of some substance. The information may be in abstract form or its physical representation. `Instances of this type can serve as the object of the relation ''hadInformationTransferred'' in any case where the value of a ''MeasurableQuantity'' (the information derived from a measurement) is to be conveyed to some place or Agent.`
Super-classes	MeasurementResult^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op some ConcentrationMeasure^c

Concept^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concept`
Description	A 'Concept' is a Thought that is a generalization of some individual (by abstraction of its particular attributes) or of some Group of individuals, but abstraction of their common attributes. This in some ways is close to the notion of a 'type' but is used differently in COSMO, as it must be located in the Brain of some 'IntentionalAgent'. The sense of 'notion' as a weakly held belief or opinion is included in ''Opinion''. This includes two senses of 'concept' from RHW: 1. a general notion or idea; conception. 2. an idea of something formed by mentally combining all its characteristics or particulars; a construct. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'concept' and includes sense 2 of 'notion' in WordNet: 1. (40) concept, conception, construct - (an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances) WN 'notion': 2. (14) notion - (a general inclusive concept)
Super-classes	Thought^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Brain^c
Sub-classes	GermOfAnIdea^c Generalization^c Sort^c Conceptualization^c

ConceptLinkage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConceptLinkage`
Description	NOTE: another method for creating relations that are in effect higher order than binary is discussed in the comments for relation ''has'' (an owl:ObjectProperty) using an ''InstanceOfType'' as the object of the relation. See comment for ''has''. A ''ConceptLinkage'' is an Assertion (an abstract ''InformationObject'') that is created by an Action of ''AssociatingIdeas''. Each ConceptLinkage expresses a logical or conceptual ''Relation'' between two or more Concepts, and is the result of a Person thinking about those concepts and recognizing the connection. An example in ESKIF format: {Falling isCausedby Gravity} NOTE: the connector 'isCausedBy' in this logical sentence is represented in COSMO as a ''Relation'' (i.e. a 'semantic relation'). The process in which this is used proceeds thus: ''AssociatingIdeas'' (a form or Reasoning, Thinking) *creates a ''ConceptLinkage'' (an assertion expressing the association that was recognized); and a ''Relation'' is the formal link between the ideas that were associated. This appears to be similar to the CYC concept: 'Connection-Configuration': CYC:This is the parent unit for all the connection units. A connection is used to describe a relation that one cannot (or does not wish to) represent as a binary predicate or if you want to say something very specific about that specific relation. In general, if a binary predicate is available then the connection unit is not required. eg. The time relations are expressed in terms of binary relations and hence don't come under this. -lt; Though in some abstract sense they are also connections -gt; (subClassOf rdf:resource= #Configuration) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'connection' in WordNet: 2. connection, connexion, connectedness - (a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it); 'there was a connection between eating that pickle and having that nightmare') WN noun 'association': 6. association - (a relation resulting from interaction or dependence; 'flints were found in association with the prehistoric remains of the bear'; 'the host is not always injured by association with a parasite')
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some AssociatingIdeas^c hasPart^op some Relation^c

Conception^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conception`
Description	''Conception'' is the act of conceiving something in the mind - any new idea (new at least to the one doing the conceiving). Inventing a Device is the subtype ''InventingEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'conception' in WordNet: 4. (1) invention, innovation, excogitation, conception, design - (the creation of something in the mind)`
Super-classes	ConceivingOfSomething^c CreatingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value Creator^c
Sub-classes	InventingEvent^c

Conceptual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conceptual

Description

''Conceptual'' is a AttributeValue pertaining to ''Concept''s, ideas, or Notions, as contrasted with specific instances or 'particulars' or sensory experiences.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conceptual' in WordNet:
      1. (2) conceptual - (being or characterized by concepts or their formation;
          'conceptual discussions'; 'the schizophrenic loses ability to abstract
          or do conceptual thinking'; 'sex is a notional category,
          gender is a grammatical category')
     WN adj 'notional':
       4. conceptional, ideational, notional - (being of the nature of a notion or concept;
         'a plan abstract and conceptional'; 'to improve notional comprehension';
         'a notional response to the question')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ConceptualWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConceptualWork`
Description	In COSMO a 'ConceptualWork' (a MentalObject) is classified as an AbstractSymbolicObject, since such works are always created in symbols, though the symbols may have information content - the 'meaning'. COSMO differs somewhat from the Cyc description in that we consider Codes to be included, but have a different usage of the term 'Code'. Cyc: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 ('ConceptualWork') The collection of abstract works which are the deliberate creations of one or more individuals working in concert, have instantiations [#$instantiationOfCW] which are #$InformationBearingThings, and associated #$AbstractInformationStructures. This is a specialization of #$DevisedPracticeOrWork [q.v.]. For works with propositional content see the more specific collection, #$PropositionalConceptualWork (PCW). Positive examples include: #$MobyDickNovel (as opposed to any instances of #$BookCopy such that (#$instantiationOfCW #$MobyDickNovel BOOK_COPY)), Beethoven's 9th Symphony (as opposed to any performance of this symphony or any copy of its score). Negative examples include: games (performances are not IBTs), awards (they do not have associated #$AbstractInformationStructures), paintings (not abstract), customs (not deliberate creations), natural languages (not a deliberate creation), and codes (their uses, not instantiations, are IBTs). @ToDo: John Sowa suggests (20130528) that a ConceptualWork should include variants in its extension of instances: DF >> If an author forgets a work, but goes through the same process as >> before to regenerate the work, would you consider the regenerated >> work the "same individual"? PC > No, unless the author, in recreating the work is actually prodding > him/herself to remember what was in the original, in which case it is > a remembering of what already exists. This difference may well be > indeterminate, even to the author. JS: This is just one example of the many thorny problems. I suggest that you define 'cultural work' to include the process that may produce multiple tokens of several closely related types. Many authors who had their original manuscripts destroyed or lost later recreated a very similar manuscript. I suggest that the term 'cultural work' include the process that generates a family of one or more closely related versions that lead to one token whose type is considered definitive. Ballet, for example, is an art form that originated in 15th century Italy and reached its 'classic' form in France under Louis XVI. Long before the 20th c, multiple performances of 'the same' ballet were produced by the same choreographer and cast. Some were copied by rivals or by students of the original choreographer. For a particular ballet, which token is definitive? The first public performance? One of the many practice sessions? One of the later, more highly polished and perfected public performances? A much later film recording? These questions can be clarified by treating every cultural work as a process that produces one or more related types, any of which may have multiple tokens. The policy for determining which type is definitive is a social convention that may vary for different art forms and methods for producing tokens. In COSMO a conceptual work that has multiple concrete manifestations is treated as a 'specification' (for Actions) or an ''AbstractObject'' (for Objects). A performance of a specification may be interpreted and performed in varied ways, and in that case each variant is specification that is a subtype of the original.
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c Artifact-Generic^c ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Communication^c
Sub-classes	Chapter^c Passage^c Newsletter^c AbstractDocument^c WrittenWork^c VisualWork^c WebDirectoryPage^c Version^c Movie^c Edition^c Description^c WarningText^c Subdivision^c Book-Abstract^c Section^c HeadNote^c AudioConceptualWork^c Erotica^c Prayer^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c ConceptualWorkSequel^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InHisOwnWrite

ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation`
Description	A ''ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation'' is any of various places where a ''ConceptualWork'' can be obtained. The ''ConceptualWork'' is an AbstractObject, so the 'location' need not be a place in physical space, but could be a 'location' in some virtual space such as the Internet.
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op only ConceptualWork^c enablesOrAssists^op value AccessingaConceptualWork^c

ConceptualWorkAddress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConceptualWorkAddress`
Description	A ''ConceptualWorkAddress'' is a string that identifies a name and location (which may be an organization such as a publisher, or a URL) that specifies how a person can access a ''ConceptualWork''.
Super-classes	AddressString^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation^c

ConceptualWorkSequel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConceptualWorkSequel

Description

A ''ConceptualWorkSequel'' is a ''ConceptualWork'' (Book or Movie) that continues the narrative of a previous ''ConceptualWork'' with at least some of the same characters or descendents of characters appearing in the original ''ConceptualWork''. This is most commonly observed in 'sequels' to movies that proved to be popular and prompted the production of subsequent works that follow the time and themes of the orginal. Sometimes the sequels can form a series of more than three works, such as with 'Star Wars' or 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' (giving rise to the 'Indiana Jones' series).

       NOTE: a TV series is designed to be a series, and the works following
         the original production are not usually referred to as 'sequels', rather as
         'episodes'.  ?Should an episode be a subtype of sequel?

          In addition to 'sequels' occasionally a popular work is followed by production
            of a 'prequel' that tells the story of events that led to the events of the original,
            at an earlier time than depicted in the original.

         NOTE: no WN sense of 'sequel' seems to have exactly this meaning, but the gloss of
             sense 2 suggests a meaning coser to an 'addendum' to a book.  This
             type uses WN sense 2 as the closest WN sense.  Closer is the
           RHW sense 1 of 'sequel':
               1. a literary work, movie, etc., that is complete in itself
                     but continues the narrative of a preceding work.

         Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'sequel' in WordNet:
           2. sequel, continuation - (a part added to a book or play that continues and extends it)

Super-classes ConceptualWork^c

Conceptualization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conceptualization`
Description	A ''Conceptualization'' is a 'Concept' about some topic that has been developed with more than minimal detail. `? does 'Detailed' suggest too much detail? is it necessary for a 'conceptualization'? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'conceptualization' in WordNet: 2. conceptualization, conceptualisation, conceptuality - (an elaborated concept)`
Super-classes	Concept^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Detailed^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elaborate^c isProducedByEventType^op value Conceptualizing^c

Conceptualizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conceptualizing`
Description	''Conceptualizng' is a form of ''ConceivingOfSomething'' that produces a ''Conceptualization'', i.e. a concept with more than minimal detail. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conceptualize' and non sense 1 of 'conceptualization' in WordNet: 1. (21) gestate, conceive, conceptualize, conceptualise - (have the idea for; 'He conceived of a robot that would help paralyzed patients'; 'This library was well conceived') WN noun 'conceptualization': 1. (1) conceptualization, conceptualisation, formulation - (inventing or contriving an idea or explanation and formulating it mentally)`
Super-classes	ConceivingOfSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Conceptualization^c

Concern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concern`
Description	This is the most general mental subtype of ''Discomfort''. Includes anxiety, worry, uease of any kind. CYC: Care for, preocupation, worry. The feeling of a person with his/her mind engrossed by something pertinent to himself or another, due to his'her responsibility, interest or affection. COSMO note: A feeling does not have to be totally preoccupying to be a 'Concern'. A person may have many concerns at one time. A Concern in COSMO must be directed at least in part at some possible future bad event. Linguistically that future event would be the ?X in the phrase {J is concerned about ?X} When such a phrase is used with ?X being an object (a person), the concern is actually about something happening to that object, and the thing that might happen to that object is the 'FutureSituation' filler in the restriction. The word 'concern' may be used in other senses, but those senses would be represented differently in COSMO. Includes noun sense 2 of 'concern' in WordNet: 2. (200) concern, care, fear - (an anxious feeling; 'care had aged him'; 'they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction')
Super-classes	Discomfort^c DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Concerned^c refersToExternalEntity^op some FutureSituation^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Satisfaction^c
Sub-classes	Anxiety^c BeingUpset^c

Concerned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concerned`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing ''Concern''. This is a broad attribute describing anyone not feeling completely at ease. More intense levels of concern are represented by subtypes ''Nervous'' and ''Anxious''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'concerned' in WordNet: 1. (15) concerned - (feeling or showing worry or solicitude; 'concerned parents of youthful offenders'; 'was concerned about the future'; 'we feel concerned about accomplishing the task at hand'; 'greatly concerned not to disappoint a small child') WN adj 'anxious': 2. anxious, nervous, queasy, uneasy, unquiet - (causing or fraught with or showing anxiety; 'spent an anxious night waiting for the test results'; 'cast anxious glances behind her'; 'those nervous moments before takeoff'; 'an unquiet mind')
Super-classes	Uncomfortable^c
Sub-classes	Nervous^c OppressedPsychologially^c Obsessed^c

Concert^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concert`
Description	A MusicalPerformance in which the main intended entertainment component is the music produced, and not the appearance or behavior of the people producing the music. Therefore this type does not include musical dramas, operas, and other entertainments where a significant part of the entertainment value is visual rather than audible. `This corresponds to WordNet sense 1 (the only sense) of 'concert: in WordNet: 1. (5) concert - (a performance of music by players or singers not involving theatrical staging)`
Super-classes	MusicalPerformance^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Music^c

Concerted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concerted

Description

''Concerted'' is an Attribute of Actions that involve two or more People or Groups toward some Goal. usually used for large groups but the only formal lower limit is two people.

      Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'combined' in WordNet:
        1. (5) combined, concerted, conjunct, conjunctive, cooperative, united -
            (involving the joint activity of two or more;
            'the attack was met by the combined strength of two divisions';
            'concerted action'; 'the conjunct influence of fire and strong wind'; 
            'the conjunctive focus of political opposition'; 'a cooperative effort';
            'a united effort'; 'joint military activities')
        2. (3) cooperative - (done with or working with others
              for a common purpose or benefit; 'a cooperative effort')

Super-classes Combined^c

Concerto^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concerto`
Description	A ''Concerto'' is a form of ''ClassicalMusic'' performance that includes orchestral parts and solo performances. `CYC; The collection of all concertos, a common form of #$ClassicalMusic in which one or more soloists is accompanied by an #$Orchestra. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concerto' in WordNet: 1. (3) concerto - (a composition for orchestra and a soloist)`
Super-classes	MusicalPerformance^c
Restrictions	causes^op some ClassicalMusic^c hasSubEvent^op some SoloMusicalPerformance^c hasSubEvent^op some OrchestraMusic^c

Concession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concession`
Description	A ''Concession'' is a ''MakingaContract'' that transfers a ''Franchise'' (a ''Right' that is a ''Permission'') from a business granting the concession (a 'Concessionaire') and a Person or business being granted the Concession (the 'Concessioner') that allows the 'Concessioner' to sell goods or services that are the legal intellectual property of the 'Concessionaire', or to which the Concessionaire has an exclusive right. `This is the making a contract action,not the contract itself. The Permission granted is a ''Franchise' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concession' in WordNet: 1. (2) concession, grant - (a contract granting the right to operate a subsidiary business; 'he got the beer concession at the ball park')`
Super-classes	MakingaContract^c GrantingPermission^c ChangeInUserRights^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op only Franchise^c

Concise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concise

Description

''Concise'' is an attribute that specifies that some ''AbstractDocument'' or ''TextualMaterial'' has noticeably fewer words than the typical object of the same type. 'short story'

        This sense of 'short' (meaning 'fewer words') is not explicitly represented in Wordnet.

        RHDEL: adj 'short': 5. brief or concise, as in writing.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'concise' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) concise - (expressing much in few words; 'a concise explanation')

Super-classes Short^c

Conclusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conclusion`
Description	An Assertion that is created by a Reasoning Event. The noun 'inference' is not present in WN in this sense, but this is one of the meanings of that word. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conclusion' and sense 3 of 'deduction' in Wordnet: 5. (1) conclusion, ratiocination - (the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)) WN noun 'deduction': 3. (1) deduction, entailment, implication - (something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); 'his resignation had political implications')`
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some Inferring^c
Sub-classes	Consequent^c ArgumentCon^c Evaluation^c SolutionToaProblem^c ArgumentPro^c RationaleForAction^c Justification^c InferredAssertion^c Analogy^c

Conclusive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conclusive`
Description	This ''Conclusive'' is the attribute of something, and argument or proof or evidence of some kind, that leaves little doubt about the answer to a question. ''Conclusive'' and its subtype ''Determining'' suggest an ability to convince more than one person because of a basis in objective observations and logic. ''Determining'' also suggests a final degree of ''Conclusive'' leaving no doubts unanswered - a slight nuance. For things 'proving' a fact the subAttribute ''Probatory'' is more specific. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'conclusive' and part of sense 3 of 'definitive' in Wordnet: 1. (3) conclusive - (forming an end or termination; especially putting an end to doubt or question; 'conclusive proof'; 'the evidence is conclusive') 2. (3) conclusive - (final and deciding; 'the conclusive reason') WN adj 'definitive': 3. definitive, determinate - (supplying or being a final or conclusive settlement; 'a definitive verdict'; 'a determinate answer to the problem')
Super-classes	Convincing^c
Sub-classes	Determining^c Probatory^c

ConcoctingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConcoctingFood`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'concoct' in WordNet: 1. (1) concoct - (make a concoction (of) by mixing)`
Super-classes	MixingSubstances^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FoodConcoction^c

Concrete^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concrete

Description

$Concrete is a specialization of

        #$ArtificialMaterial and #$BuildingMaterial.  Each instance
        of #$Concrete is a piece of an artificial mixture of cement,
        gravel, sand, and (during mixture, pouring, and forming)
        water.  Used widely in construction, pieces of concrete are
        formed into the desired shape while fluid and afterward
        hardened into a sturdy, durable material.  Instances of
        #$Concrete include bridge pilings, foundations of houses,
        and sidewalks.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concrete' in Wordnet:
              1. (18) concrete - (a strong hard building material composed of sand and gravel
                 and cement and water)

Super-classes BuildingMaterial^c
PavingMaterial^c
SolidifyingSubstance^c

Concrete-Adj^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concrete-Adj

Description

''Concrete-Adj'' describes things (Objects or Events) that are PhysicalObjects or are Events or Processes that involve PhysicalObjects as participants. Such things are observable (at least in theory - though they may be to far for any light signal to ever reach Earth (because of expansion of the universe.)

        In COSMO 'concrete' does not require perception by human
            senses as any form of detection by instruments also makes
            somethingc oncrete.
         Includes adjective sense 1 of 'concrete' in WordNet:
           1. (9) concrete - (capable of being perceived by the senses; 
             not abstract or imaginary; 'concrete objects such as trees')
         WN adj 'physical':
            3. (6) physical - (having substance or material existence; 
               perceptible to the senses; 'a physical manifestation';
               'surrounded by tangible objects')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Concussion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Concussion`
Description	A ''Concussion'' is a ''BrainInjury''caused by a blow to the head.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concussion' in WordNet: 1. (1) concussion - (injury to the brain caused by a blow; usually resulting in loss of consciousness)`
Super-classes	BrainInjury^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value BlowToTheHead^c isLocatedAt^op value Brain^c

Condemning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condemning`
Description	Each ''Condemning'' is a ''Denouncing'' that strongly expresses not only disapproval,but suggests that the Actions, Words, or ideas that are condemned are exceptionally bad and morally blameworthy. `(THis may be more specialized than the way the term is often used). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'condemn' in WordNet: 1. (18) condemn, reprobate, decry, objurgate, excoriate - (express strong disapproval of; 'We condemn the racism in South Africa'; 'These ideas were reprobated') WN noun'condemnation': 1. (3) disapprobation, condemnation - (an expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable; 'his uncompromising condemnation of racism')`
Super-classes	Denouncing^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Criticism^c

Condensed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condensed`
Description	''Condensed'' is the attribute of something that has changed from a vapor phase into a liquid.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Condenser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condenser`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'condenser' in WordNet: 2. condenser - (an apparatus that converts vapor into liquid)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Condensing^c

Condensing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condensing`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$Condensing, a gas is cooled to (or its pressure lowered to) the point where the relative humidity (or similar partial pressure measure if something other than water is condensing) is greater than 100%, changing part of a component of the gas from the #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter to the #$Liquid-StateOfMatter. `SUMO: The Class of Processes where an Object is cooled and converted from a Gas to a Liquid. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'condense' and noun sense 1 of 'condensing' and noun sense of 'condensation' in Wordnet: 4. condense - (cause a gas or vapor to change into a liquid; 'The cold air condensed the steam') WN noun 'condensation': 2. (1) condensation - (the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state)`
Super-classes	HeatProductionProcess^c StateChange^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Vaporization^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Condensed^c

Condiment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condiment`
Description	A specialization of #$FoodIngredientOnly. Each instance of #$Condiment is a substance used to flavor or complement a foodstuff. Some commonly used condiments are ketchup, mustard, relish, mayonaise, salt and pepper. Instances of #$Condiment are not eaten by themselves, but they are often served in their own dishes, so that the consumer can season his/her own food directly. `COSMO note: Condiments in COSMO are always artifacts, in that they have been processed in some way to make them usable as component of prepared food. Thus, unlike Food in general, a Condiment is a Product and therefore a ConsumableProduct. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condiment' in Wordnet: 1. condiment - (a preparation (a sauce or relish or spice) to enhance flavor or enjoyment; 'mustard and ketchup are condiments')`
Super-classes	FoodIngredientOnly^c ConsumableProduct^c
Sub-classes	GroundPepper^c TableSalt^c Sugar^c Sauce^c Spread^c TomatoBasedSauce^c Saffron^c Mustard^c CornSyrup^c TartarSauce^c Marinade^c

ConditionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConditionType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of SystemCondition as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	EventType^c
Sub-classes	PhysiologicalConditionType^c
In range of	isaSymptomOf^op
Members	Liability DysfunctionalCondition ObjectCondition Sanitariness Susceptibility Insolvency Malfunctioning SpiritualIllumination SanitaryCondition FinancialLiability AbnormalCondition LimitedLiability Amnesty FreedomToAct Humidity EnvironmentalCondition Wetness Tension ImmunityFromLegalPunishment Hygiene Aberration StateOfIllumination Immunity Bankruptcy FreedomOfChoice GoodLighting Exemption SystemCondition Anomaly

Conditional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conditional

Description

''Conditional'' is an AttributeValue of some Thing that may or may not occur, depending on some 'condition'(s).

    Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'conditional' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) conditional - (qualified by reservations)
        2. conditional - (imposing or depending on or containing a condition;
           'conditional acceptance of the terms'; 'lent conditional support'; 
           'the conditional sale will not be complete until the full purchase price is paid')

Super-classes Contingent^c

ConditionalPromise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConditionalPromise`
Description	'ConditionalPromise' is Promise to do something if some conditions are satisfied.
Super-classes	Promise^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conditional^c

Conditioned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conditioned

Description

This sense of ''Conditioned'' is for Animals (including people) that are learned conditioned to perform (or avoid)) some Action by the ''Conditioning'' process. For the attribute of actions that are learned by ''Conditioning'' use ''LearnedByConditioning''.

        Corresponds to part (for animals of adjective sense 1 of 'conditioned' in Wordnet:
          1. conditioned, learned - (established by conditioning or learning;
              'a conditioned response')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Conditioning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conditioning

Description

This appears to be the specific psychological meanng, as in RHW 'condition' 23. Psychol. to establish a conditioned response in (a subject).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conditioning' in WordNet:
         1. (2) conditioning - (a learning process in which an organism's 
            behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment)
        WN verb 'condition':
          1. (2) condition - (establish a conditioned response)

Super-classes AcquisitionalLearning^c
Habituation^c

ConditioningSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConditioningSomeone`
Description	This type includes training oneself. The Action of 'Conditioning' behavior by the use of punishment is represented by the subtype ''Disciplining''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'condition' in WordNet: 2. (1) discipline, train, check, condition - (train by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control; 'Parents must discipline their children'; 'Is this dog trained?')`
Super-classes	TrainingAnAgent^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value CorrectingBehavior^c wasMotivatedBy^op some UndesirableBehavior^c hasPurpose^op value CorrectingBehavior^c
Sub-classes	Disciplining^c

Conditions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conditions`
Description	Each ''Conditions'' is a Group of ''Proviso''s that apply to the same thing (usually an action) that is conditioned on some other situation.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Proviso^c

Condolence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condolence`
Description	An ''Condolence'' is an ''Acknowledgement'' Action in which one agent informs another that the other has experienced a ''LosingaLovedOne'' Event and expresses ''Sympathy'' with the other Person. This is commonly used to express''Sympathy'' with another Person on the event of death of his/her loved one. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condolence' in WordNet: 1. condolence, commiseration - (an expression of sympathy with another's grief; 'they sent their condolences')`
Super-classes	Acknowledgement^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op value LosingaLovedOne^c expressesMentalState^op value Sympathy^c

Condom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condom`
Description	A piece of (usually) rubber, worn by a man during sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy and/or transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condom' in WordNet: 1. condom, rubber, safety, safe, prophylactic - (contraceptive device consisting of a sheath of thin rubber or latex that is worn over the penis during intercourse)`
Super-classes	WearableItem^c ContraceptiveDevice^c DisposableProduct^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c Device-OneTimeUse^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Penis^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HumanSexualIntercourse^c isDesignedToCover^op value Penis^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value MalePerson^c

Condominium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condominium

Description

An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$Condominium is a #$ResidentialBuilding whose #$SingleResidenceUnits are individually owned and whose common areas are jointly owned by the residents of the building.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'condominium' in WordNet:
          2. condominium - (housing consisting of a complex of dwelling units 
            (as an apartment house) in which each unit is individually owned)

Super-classes ResidentialBuilding^c
Residence^c

CondominiumUnit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CondominiumUnit

Description

Same as an Apartment, but owned by someone who does not own the whole building. The CondominiumApartment may of may not be owned by the person who lives in it.

     Apartments in condominiums where the units are
     owned by different people (who may or may not live
     in their owned units) are calssified as 'CondominiumApartment'.


     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condo' in WordNet:
       1. condominium, condo - (one of the dwelling units in a condominium)

Super-classes SingleResidenceUnit^c
MultiRoomUnit^c

Condoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condoning`
Description	''Condoning'' is a ''Forgiving'' in which a Person decides not to punish or hold a resentment against another Person for performing some ''AntisocialAction'' or ''UpsettingEvent''. This can be done for any reason, often because the one doing the Condoning understands the reasons for the undesirable Action performed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'condone' in WordNet: 1. (1) excuse, condone - (excuse, overlook, or make allowances for; be lenient with; 'excuse someone's behavior'; 'She condoned her husband's occasional infidelities')`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c Forgiving^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Punishing^c mayBeCausedBy^op value Tolerance^c removes^op value BurdenOfPunishment^c

Condor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condor

Description

       RHW:  1. either of two large, New World vultures of the family Cathartidae,
           Gymnogyps californianus (California condor) or Vultur gryphus (Andean condor), 
           the largest flying birds in the Western Hemisphere:
           the California condor is almost extinct; the Andean condor is greatly reduced 
           in number and rare in many areas.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condor' in WordNet:
        1. condor - (the largest flying birds in the western hemisphere)

Super-classes LargestThingInaContext^c
Vulture^c

ConducingToSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConducingToSomething

Description

''ConducingToSomething'' is a manner of ''PromotingSomething'' that is any Situation or Action that helps advance a goal or cause by making the progress to that goal easier.

       NOTE: These terms are always used following by 'to' that introduces the Action that
          is helped by the subject of the verb.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conduce' in WordNet:
          1. contribute, lead, conduce - (be conducive to;
              'The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing')

Super-classes HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c

Conducive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conducive

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conducive' in Wordnet:
          1. conducive, contributing, contributive, contributory, tributary -
             (tending to bring about; being partly responsible for; 'working conditions 
             are not conducive to productivity'; 'the seaport was a contributing factor 
             in the growth of the city'; 'a contributory factor')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ConductingMedium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConductingMedium`
Description	An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$ConductingMedium is a partially tangible object that can serve as a conductor, e.g., for heat or electricity. Specializations include #$PowerLine, #$Superconductor, and #$ElectricalWire. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 3. (1) conductor - (a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalConductor^c

ConductingWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConductingWire`
Description	''ConductingWire'' is a SolidSubstance consisting of Copper or Aluminum or other metallic substance (e.g. silver) designed to conduct electricity, in the shape of a ''Wire''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conducting wire' in WordNet: 2. (5) wire, conducting wire - (a metal conductor that carries electricity over a distance)`
Super-classes	WireStuff^c
Sub-classes	CopperWire^c

ConductingaMusicalComposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConductingaMusicalComposition`
Description	''ConductingaMusicalPiece'' is a subEvent of 'ConductingaMusicalGroup' that is performed when some specific ''MusicalComposition'' is played for an audience. For conducting in general, rather than a specific ''MusicalComposition'', use the implied Action NOTE that this Action implies the performance of a simultaneous ''ConductingaMusicalGroup'' by the same conductor, which is thus represented by ''isaSubEventOf' relation; but the inverse is not always true. ('B conducted the Boston Symphony in Beethoven's fifth' = 'B conducted Beethoven's fifth at the Boston Symphony'). Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'conduct' in WordNet: 6. conduct - (lead musicians in the performance of; 'Bernstein conducted Mahler like no other conductor'; 'she cannot conduct modern pieces')
Super-classes	PerformingArtActivity^c DirectingAnAgent^c MusicalPerformance^c DirectingAnOperation^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value MusicalComposition^c isaSubEventOf^op value ConductingaMusicalGroup^c isPerformedBy^op value Conductor^c

ConductingaMusicalGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConductingaMusicalGroup`
Description	'ConductingaMusicalGroup' is an Action performed by the conductor of an orchestra or some other musical group, leading the group. NOTE: this action can be done without an audience present, as in practice sessions, and may be a conducting that does not involve playng a specific piece. For conducting a specific ''MusicalComposition'' use the occasional subEvent ''ConductingaMusicalComposition''. Includes verb sense 2 of 'conduct' and noun sense 2 of 'conducting' in WordNet: 2. (30) conduct, lead, direct - (lead, as in the performance of a composition; 'conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years') WN noun 'conducting' 2. conducting - (the direction of an orchestra or choir; 'he does not use a baton for conducting')
Super-classes	DirectingAnAgent^c DirectingAnOperation^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value ConductingaMusicalComposition^c isPerformedBy^op value Conductor^c hasDirectObject^op value MusicGroup^c

Conductive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conductive`
Description	Able to conduct electricity or heat. (or Laser light??) The subtypes should be used where applicable (e.g. .''ElectricallyConductive''). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conductive' in Wordnet: 1. conductive - (having the quality or power of conducting heat or electricity or sound; exhibiting conductivity)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ElectricallyConductive^c

ConductiveObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConductiveObject`
Description	A ConductiveObject is an object, like an electrical wire, whose primary constituent component substance is electrically conductive. This Type will serve to specify the actual conductive part of devices that conduct electricity - the metal wires and socket parts in an extension cord, for example. `Instances are not necessarily artifacts. A human body is a conductive object, consisting mostly of salty conductive aqueous solutions.`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value ElectricalConductor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ElectricallyConductive^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalWire^c ElectricalConnection^c ConductorDevice^c

Conductivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conductivity`
Description	''Conductivity''is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' in which heat or electricity or sound is conducted by some medium from one location to another.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conductivity' in WordNet: 1. (2) conduction, conductivity - (the transmission of heat or electricity or sound)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPhenomenon^c GeneralizedTransfer^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Physics^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalConduction^c

Conductor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conductor`
Description	A person who directs a musical group such as an orchestra in the performance of musical pieces. This is not necessarily a paid position, but it usually is. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 1. (6) conductor, music director, director - (the person who leads a musical group)`
Super-classes	MusicalPerformer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ConductingaMusicalComposition^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ConductingaMusicalGroup^c
Sub-classes	DrumMajor^c Majorette^c DrumMajorette^c

ConductorDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConductorDevice`
Description	A ''"ConductorDevice'' is a ''Device'', like an electrical wire, that consists mostly of an ''ElectricalConductor'' that is designed to conduct electricity. This is usually one part of a larger ''Device'' that may be very complex, such as a CPU. `Corresponds to part (for electricity) of noun sense 1 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 2. (3) conductor - (a device designed to transmit electricity, heat, etc.)`
Super-classes	Device^c ConductiveObject^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ElectricalConduction^c
Sub-classes	Electrode^c

ConductorsBaton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConductorsBaton`
Description	''ConductorsBaton'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baton' in WordNet: 1. (3) baton, wand - (a thin tapered rod used by a conductor to lead an orchestra or choir)`
Super-classes	PointyEndedObject^c Rod^c Device-UserControlled^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Conductor^c

Condyle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Condyle

Description

A #$Condyle is a rounded attachment on a bone at point of contact with another bone. It is used to control articulation of the joint.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condyle' in WordNet:
         1. condyle - (a round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone)

Super-classes Appendage^c
BoneSubPart^c

Cone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cone`
Description	A specialization of both #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing and #$RoundObject. Each instance of #$Cone is a three-dimensional geometric object with a circular base; the rest of the surface of the object is formed by lines joining each point of the periphery of the base to a common vertex. Examples include spatially localized objects (e.g. the space occupied by a traffic cone can be approximated as an instance of #$Cone) and abstract objects (e.g. the cone generated by rotating a right triangle about one of its sides). `SUMO: The class of ThreeDimensionalFigures which are produced by rotating a RightTriangle around its RightAngle. NOTE:a ''TrunatedCone'' is a subtype of this ''Cone'' but probably needs a different parent. Perhaps it is a ''part of a cone''? Includes nooun senses 1 and 2 of 'cone' in WordNet: 1. (4) cone - (any cone-shaped artifact) 2. cone, conoid, cone shape - (a shape whose base is a circle and whose sides taper up to a point)`
Super-classes	ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Conical^c hasShape^op value Tapered^c
Sub-classes	TruncatedCone^c LongCone^c

Confection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confection`
Description	This is a generic sweet object used as a confection, which can be anything that has sugar or a sugar substitute in it. This can be a piece of cake or other sweet object not usually thought of as ''Candy''. See ''CandyObject'' for a piece of candy. `A ''Confection'' is often a ''FingerFood'', but not necessarily, as cakes and pies are often eaten with forks. NOTE that WordNet does not distinguish between a sweet substance and sweet object - the WordNet sense is referenced for both of those distinct concepts in COSMO. This ''Confection'' is for the object. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sweet' in Wordnet: 3. sweet, confection - (a food rich in sugar)`
Super-classes	SweetTastingObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value SweetTastingSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Marshmallow^c

Confectioner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confectioner`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confectioner' in WordNet: 1. confectioner, candymaker - (someone who makes candies and other sweets)`
Super-classes	FoodProfessional^c MiddleClass^c

Confectionery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confectionery`
Description	`An organization that manages a candy manufacturing facility. It may also manufacture other things such as cakes. For the store that sells candies, use ''CandyStore''.`
Super-classes	Manufacturer^c
Restrictions	manufactures^op value Candy^c

Conference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conference`
Description	A formal 'Meeting' of more than a few persons but with as many as thousands that is arranged to discuss some topic or group of related topics - often scientific - and where individuals present 'papers' on that topic. There is usually discussion included, but that is not a necessary element. For this ontology, a large ''Conference'' with more than a few ''Presentation''s will be represented by subtype ''Symposium'', whether or not it is called by that name. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conference' in WordNet: 1. (12) conference - (a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda))`
Super-classes	FormalMeeting^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Lecture^c
Sub-classes	Convention^c Symposium^c Seminar^c

Conferring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conferring`
Description	''Conferring'' is a ''Discussion'' in which the topic under discussion is explored in detail. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'confer' in WordNet: 1. (1) confer, confabulate, confab, consult - (have a conference in order to talk something over; 'We conferred about a plan of action') WN noun 'consultation': 2. (2) consultation - (a conference between two or more people to consider a particular question; 'frequent consultations with his lawyer'; 'a consultation of several medical specialists') WN noun 'conference': 3. (2) conference, group discussion - (a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic)
Super-classes	Discussion^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some GroupOfPeople^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Detailed^c
Sub-classes	Roundtable^c Teleconference^c

Confessing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confessing`
Description	''Confessing'' is an Action by a Person ''AdmittingaFact'', where the fact is some 'Guilt' that the person confessing performed some Action that is forbidden, and perhaps punishable, and possibly illegal. NOTE that 'squeal; and 'fink' are not confesions about what the confessing person did, but about what others did. That needs a separate type. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'confess' and noun sense 1 of 'confession' in WordNet: 1. (10) confess, squeal, shrive, fink - (confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure) 2. (3) concede, profess, confess - (admit, make a clean breast of; 'She confessed that she had taken the money') WN noun 'confession': 1. (4) confession - (an admission of misdeeds or faults)
Super-classes	AdmittingaFact^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Confession^c
Sub-classes	ConfessingSins^c

ConfessingSins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConfessingSins`
Description	''ConfessingSins'' is a type of ''Confessing'' in which a Catholic Person goes to a Priest, typically in a ''Confessional'', admits whatever ''Sin''s s/he may have perfored since hisher last confession, and receives a 'penance' and 'absolution. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'confess' in Wordnet: 3. confess - (confess to God in the presence of a priest, as in the Catholic faith)`
Super-classes	Confessing^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInside^op value Confessional^c isaSubEventOf^op value Penance^c

Confession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confession`
Description	Each ''Confession'' is a 'LinguisticAssertion' that represents the propositional content of a 'Confessing' Action.. `RHW 'confession': 3. something that is confessed. There is no WN sense for the 'Asertion' produced by a 'Confessing' Close to noun sense 2 of 'confession' (but this type is an Assertion, and WN confesion is a document - a physical representation of this. For the time being this can serves as a stand-in) in WordNet: 2. (1) confession - (a written document acknowledging an offense and signed by the guilty party)`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Confessing^c

Confessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confessional`
Description	A ''Confessional'' is a ''Cubicle'' where a (Catholic) Priest hears a Person's ''Confession'', (and grants forgiveness for sins and imposes a 'penance') `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confessional' in WordNet: 1. confessional - (a booth where a priest sits to hear confessions)`
Super-classes	Cubicle^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value ConfessingSins^c

ConfidenceInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConfidenceInterval`
Description	ConfidenceInterval is an expression of the range of possible values that might represent the actual value for some QuantitativeAttributeValue which is a measurable attribute of some Entity. The range is in one dimension, which distinguishes this type of error from an 'ErrorEllipse'. It is expressed as a QuantitativeAttributeValue, in the same units as the measurement. `There are various ways to express the uncertainty of a measurement. A common way is to assume (or know from experience) that the measurements will distribute according to a Gaussian distribution, and express the uncertainty as one ''StandardDeviation'' (which see) - which means that 66% of the time, measures are within (plus or minus) the specified numerical distance from the nominal value. See also ''StandardDeviation''.`
Super-classes	BandOfValues^c ValueRange^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	AsymmetricRange^c MomentOfaDistribution^c PositionalUncertainty^c StatisticalRange^c
In range of	hasVariance^op hasDefaultVariance^op

ConfidenceLevel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConfidenceLevel`
Description	A ConfidenceLevel is an Attribute of an assertion that quantitatively expresses the belief of the person making the assertion that the assertion is true. The value of the confidence level is a percentage, expressed as real number from 0 to 1 with the units 'percent'.
Super-classes	PercentageAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeType^op value AssertionConfidence^c
In range of	hasConfidenceLevel^op

Confident^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confident`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling Confidence. This attribute is similar to ''Assured'' but can be used as a higher degree of 'assured' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'confident' in WordNet: 1. (7) confident - (having or marked by confidence or assurance; 'a confident speaker'; 'a confident reply'; 'his manner is more confident these days'; 'confident of fulfillment')`
Super-classes	Assured^c
Sub-classes	Assertive^c Brazen^c SelfConfident^c Impudent^c

Confidential^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confidential`
Description	''Confidential'' is an attribute of: information that at least one person has, and is communicated, to persons expected not to reveal it to others except for those that the original communicator agrees are eligible to receive the information. For the more intensive degree of sensitivity use ''Secret''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'confidential' in Wordnet: 2. confidential, secret - ((of information) given in confidence or in secret; 'this arrangement must be kept confidential'; 'their secret communications')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Classified^c Secret^c

Confidentiality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confidentiality`
Description	'Confidentiality' is a PersistentState in which some ''InformationObject'' is kept 'confidential. i.e. known only by a small number of people, not made public. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confidentiality' in WordNet: 1. (1) confidentiality - (the state of being secret; 'you must respect the confidentiality of your client's communications')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Confidential^c isPerformedBy^op value InformationObject^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Confidential^c

ConfidentialityTrait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConfidentialityTrait`
Description	A ''ConfidentialityTrait'' is a type of ''Discreetness'' in being careful to keep secrets. The trait of someone who is 'close-lipped'. close, closelipped, closemouthed, `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'confidentiality' in WordNet: 2. confidentiality - (discretion in keeping secret information)`
Super-classes	Discreetness^c
Restrictions	causes^op value KeepingaSecret^c

Confidently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confidently`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'confidently' in Wordnet: 1. (2) confidently, with confidence - (in a confident manner; 'we have to do what is right confidently')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Configuration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Configuration`
Description	COSMO note: COSMO usage for the term 'Configuration' differs from that of CYC. In CYC, it is a kind of Situation, but in COSMO it is a kind of Object, which may be concrete or abstract. The essence of a configuration is that some Objects, which may be parts of a larger Object, have a certain spatial relation to each other. Thus linear array of Objects would be a Configuration, and a Knot that is part of a single thread-like Object would also be a Configuration. NOTE that as a 'CompositeConcept', each 'Configuration' is a Group, elements of which will typically be Objects, but the Group must also include the relations among the Objects. @ToDo: how to represent the relations in a 'Configuration' has not yet been decided. This is a parent type of 'Pattern'; in COSMO a 'Pattern' is a MentalObject, created by an intelligent agent, which may have some significance. A 'Configration' that may exist naturally can become a 'Pattern' when it is recognized as having some significance by some intelligent agent. The distinction between these two concepts is subtle but may prove useful. This notion has not yet (r883) been formalized. CYC: A specialization of both #$StaticSituation and #$SpatialThing-Localized. Each instance of #$Configuration is a static situation consisting of two or more #$PartiallyTangible things of certain types standing in a certain type of spatial relationship (or set of relationships). This (set of) spatial relationship(s) characterizes the #$Configuration's _type_ in the sense that any group of objects of the appropriate types standing in that relationship (or those relationships) correspond to a #$Configuration of that type; and each of these objects, in turn, is said to be configured (see #$objectConfigured) in the (individual) #$Configuration. For example, a #$KnotConfiguration might correspond to a particular intertwining of end-segments of two #$CordlikeObjects, or to the intertwining of several segments of a single #$CordlikeObject. For configurations like the latter, whose characterizing relationship(s) hold between different parts of a single salient object, see the specialization #$ConfigurationOfComplexObject. Note that a static situation involving an #$Agent-PartiallyTangible might be a configuration, but only so long as it's just the agent's _spatial_ relationship(s) to other partially tangibles that matters (see e.g. #$WearingSomething); static situations in which an agent's agency or sentience is crucial, on the other hand, are not configurations (cf. #$AgentRelationship and #$InterAgentRelationship). Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'configuration' in WordNet: 1. (1) configuration, constellation - (an arrangement of parts or elements; the outcome depends on the configuration of influences at the time) 2. (1) shape, form, configuration, contour, conformation - (any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline); he could barely make out their shapes)
Super-classes	Object^c CompositeConcept^c
Sub-classes	Node^c Loop^c Constellation^c TopographicalConfiguration^c Knot^c Pattern^c Link-Generic^c Gesture^c Noose^c Stitch^c

ConfiguringEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConfiguringEvent

Description

CYC: The collection of events in which at least two spatially distinct objects become spatially configured relative to each other, producing an instance of #$Configuration.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'configure' in WordNet:
           1. configure - (set up for a particular purpose; 'configure my new computer';
               'configure a plane for a combat mission')

Super-classes Assembling^c

Confined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confined`
Description	''Confined'' is an AttributeValue of an Animal that has been captured (underwent ''Capturing'' or ''Trapping'') and is constrained and has not been released. This is more specific than ''Constrained'', in that this is a physical confinement limiting motion,and the area of free motion should not be much larger than a large prison or prison camp, or (for animals) a fenced-in pen or stockade. Exile to an island is not an instance.
Super-classes	Constrained^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Catch^c
Sub-classes	Imprisoned^c

Confining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confining`
Description	The act of putting a animal into confinement. In Cyc called 'HeldCaptive', a static situation. In COSMO this is treated as an Action in which the confinee is the grammatical object ('patient') of the action. This is not necessarily for people; non-human animals are included. Cyc: A configuration that holds when one animal is in the captivity of another. The captive may be under direct physical control of the captor, or may be held by devices that the captor controls. This SUMO sense for people is closer to ''Imprisoning''. SUMO; (Confining) The Class of Keeping Processes (Events) where the patient is a Human or an Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers caging, penning in, imprisonment, jailing, etc. Includes verb senses 3, 4 and 5 of 'confine' and non sense 2 and 3 of 'confinement' in WordNet: 3. (3) confine - (prevent from leaving or from being removed) 4. enclose, hold in, confine - (close in or confine) 5. confine, detain - (deprive of freedom; take into confinement) WN noun 'confinement': 2. (1) confinement - (the act of restraining of a person's liberty by confining them) 3. confinement - (the state of being confined; 'he was held in confinement') WN verb 'restrain': 3. (1) restrain, confine, hold - (to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement; 'This holds the local until the express passengers change trains'; 'About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade'; 'The illegal immigrants were held at a detention center'; 'The terrorists held the journalists for ransom') WN noun 'constraint': 3. constraint - (the act of constraining; the threat or use of force to control the thoughts or behavior of others)
Super-classes	KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c Enclosing^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	causes^op value InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent^c typicallyFollows^op value Capturing^c causes^op value Keeping^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Confined^c
Sub-classes	Lockdown^c Imprisoning^c

Confirmed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confirmed`
Description	''Confirmed'' is an AttributeValue of Assertions or Theories that have sufficient probatory evidence .to justify belief (with some potential reservations). For a stronger degree of proof involving reasoning, use subtype ''Proven''. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'confirmed' (this does not pertain to the Catholic rite of 'confirmation') in Wordnet: 2. (1) confirmed - (having been established or made firm or received the rite of confirmation; 'confirmed reservations'; 'received confirmed reports of casualties'; 'a confirmed Catholic')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Proven^c EstablishedAsFact^c

ConfirmingaFact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConfirmingaFact`
Description	''ConfirmingaFact'' is ''ProvidingEvidence'' for a fact which is asserted or believed, for which other prior evidence may or may not have been obtained, and which tends to add to the strength of any prior evidence, sufficiently to be considered as 'confirmation' (sufficient to justify a firm belief). NOTE: this type includes several WN synsets, with closel related meanings. The logical distinctions have not yet (rev 1705) been identified. CYC 'Verification': A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Verification is an event in which some intelligent agent either confirms or disconfirms the truth of some proposition. NOTE that ''Proving'' is a type of ''Reasoning'' that can use Evidence, but is not itself Evidence. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'confirm' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'corroborate' in WordNet: 1. (19) confirm, corroborate, sustain, substantiate, support, affirm - (establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; 'his story confirmed my doubts'; 'The evidence supports the defendant') 2. (5) confirm, reassert - (strengthen or make more firm; 'The witnesses confirmed the victim's account') WN verb 'corroborate': 1. (3) confirm, corroborate, sustain, substantiate, support, affirm - (establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; 'his story confirmed my doubts'; 'The evidence supports the defendant') 2. (1) validate, corroborate - (give evidence for) 3. corroborate, underpin, bear out, support - (support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; 'The stories and claims were born out by the evidence') WN verb 'validate': 2. (2) validate - (prove valid; show or confirm the validity of something) 3. validate, corroborate - (give evidence for) WN noun 'confirmation': 1. (4) confirmation, verification, check, substantiation - (additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct; 'fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory') WN noun 'substantiation': 2. validation, proof, substantiation - (the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something) WN noun 'corroboration': 1. documentation, certification, corroboration - (confirmation that some fact or statement is true) WN verb 'verify': 1. (7) verify - (confirm the truth of; 'Please verify that the doors are closed'; 'verify a claim')
Super-classes	ProvidingEvidence^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op some Belief^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Probatory^c
Sub-classes	DocumentingaFact^c Authenticating^c

Conflagration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conflagration`
Description	A ''Conflagration'' is a ''Fire'' that is not controlled and affects an area larger than a ''building''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conflagration' in WordNet: 1. conflagration, inferno - (a very intense and uncontrolled fire)`
Super-classes	Fire^c IncurringPhysicalDamage^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value DangerousSituation^c occurredAt^op some LandArea^c
Sub-classes	ForestFire^c WildFire^c

ConflictEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConflictEvent`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, a ConflictEvent can be between two or more 'IntentionalAgent's, the agents do not have to be intelligent. This then includes conflicts between non-human animals, and automatons that do not have a human-level of intelligence (but may be good enough to beat a champion at some game). This is the most general sense of 'conflict', including friendly competitions, board games, sports games, business competition, and wars. The 'competition' of plants for light or food is not included in this sense, but may be a metaphorical usage to be treated by NLU processes. Cyc: A collection of all events in #$SocialOccurrence that can be called 'conflicts'. For each #$ConflictEvent CONF, there are at least two #$IntelligentAgents AGT1 and AGT2 such that (#$opponentsInConflict AGT1 AGT2 CONF) holds. For each #$ConflictEvent CONF, there are subevents ACT1 and ACT2 of CONF, which are #$PurposefulActions, and there are GOAL1 and GOAL2 such that (#$purposeInEvent AGT1 ACT1 GOAL1), (#$purposeInEvent AGT2 ACT2 GOAL2), and GOAL1 and GOAL2 are in conflict, i.e., (#$and GOAL1 GOAL2) is not consistent (in the current #$Microtheory). NOTE: a ConflictEvent can be friendly, as in a negotiation; it only requires that the goals have some element of conflict, where better for one party is worse for the other. Similar to SUMO: 'Contest' SUMO: A SocialInteraction where the agent and patient are 'IntentionalAgent's who are trying to defeat one another. Note that this concept is often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural language, when we speak, e.g., of the struggle of plants for space or sunlight, or of bacteria for food resources in some environment. Includes noun sense 1 of 'conflict' and senses 1,2, and 3 of 'competition' and senses 1 and 2 of 'contest' in WordNet: 1. (6) conflict, struggle, battle - - (an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); 'the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph' - - Thomas Paine; 'police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs') WN 'competition': 1. (17) competition - - (a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers; 'business competition can be fiendish at times') 2. (4) contest, competition - - (an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants) 3. (4) competition, contention, rivalry - - (the act of competing as for profit or a prize; 'the teams were in fierce contention for first place') WN 'contest': 2. (1) contest - - (a struggle between rivals)
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value DefeatingAnOpponent^c hasTheReverseEffectOf^op value CooperationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Opposing^c PlayingACardGame^c HoldingAgainstAttack^c DisputeEvent^c LosingaContest^c WinningaContest^c FaceToFaceConflict^c Fight-Physical^c VerbalArguingEvent^c LegalAction^c Negotiating^c Strife^c Competition^c FacingAnOpponent^c Interfering^c Duel^c TakingRisks^c

Conflicting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conflicting

Description

''Conflicting'' is a subtype of ''Contrasting'' characterizing some Group (often a Pair) of entities that not only contrast, but have some attribute(s) that detract from or are inconsistent in some way with other individuals in the Group (which often are Assertions).

      NOTE: some of the terms could apply to people disagreeing,
         but this type represents 'logically contradictory'.
      Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'conficting' in WordNet:
        1. (2) at odds, conflicting, contradictory, self-contradictory -
           (in disagreement; 'the figures are at odds with our findings'; 
            'contradictory attributes of unjust justice 
            and loving vindictiveness'- John Morley)

Super-classes Contrasting^c

Confluence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confluence`
Description	A ''Confluence'' is the location on the EarthsSurface where two or more ''Stream''s of water come ogether, typically forming a larger Stream that flows further downhill. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confluence' in WordNet: 1. confluence, meeting - (a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers); 'Pittsburgh is located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers')`
Super-classes	GeographicalSurfacePoint^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op min 2 isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c

Conforming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conforming`
Description	Conforming in some sense to a criterion, which could be the state of the world or some rule, or some preference. The subsenses will be the most commonly used concepts. For conforming to the state of the world, 'Exact' can characterize recordings and measurements; 'Fashionable' can characterize behavior conforming to the preferences of a community. `similar sense represened by the relation ''isInAccordanceWith''. The thing conformed to can be related to the attribute by the relation 'indicatesConformanceTo' If the attribute indicates conformity to the state of the RealWorld, it should specify 'RealWorld' as the object of that relation.`
Super-classes	Correct^c
Sub-classes	Canonical^c Ethical^c Consistent^c Fashionable^c Legitimate^c Accurate^c Literal^c Exact^c Last-minute^c

ConformingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConformingAction`
Description	Each 'ConformingAction' is an instance of an Action in which an agent (human or non-human animal) performs an Action that conforms to some rule or is requested or demanded by a human agent. Performing a task according to some rules, such as doing a school lesson in the manner suggested is a 'ConformingAction'. A ConformingAction may be done as a matter of preference or choice by the agent doing the act, for that agent's own purposes. This distinguishes 'ConformingAction' from the more specific subtype 'Compliance' in which the ConformingAct is performed at the demand of another agent. This corresponds in part to sense of 'compliance' and verb sense 1 of 'comply' and part of verb sense 2 of 'conform' (conforming to rules) in WordNet. (there is no sense of verb 'conform' in WN that aligns with this action) in WordNet: WN noun 'compliance' 1. (1) conformity, conformation, compliance, abidance - (acting according to certain accepted standards; 'their financial statements are in conformity with generally accepted accounting practices') WN verb 'comply': 1. (9) comply, follow, abide by - (act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes; 'He complied with my instructions'; 'You must comply or else!'; 'Follow these simple rules'; 'abide by the rules') WN verb 'conform': 2. (1) adjust, conform, adapt - (adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions; 'We must adjust to the bad economic situation')
Super-classes	Fulfilling^c CarryingOutaTask^c Responding^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conforming^c
Sub-classes	Compliance^c Assimilating^c PoliteAction^c FulfillingaRequest^c

Confrontation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confrontation`
Description	A ''Confrontation'' is a DisputeEvent that is mostly verbal, and does not include violent acts. This occurs often when womeone does something s/he shouldn't have, and an offended Person or a superior 'confronts' that person to complain or ask for an explanation. If it leads to violence it would become a ''Fight-Physical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'confrontation' in WordNet: 3. confrontation, encounter, showdown, face-off - (a hostile disagreement face-to-face)`
Super-classes	DisputeEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Face-to-face^c

Confrontational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confrontational

Description

''Confrontational'' pertains to a ''Confrontation'' or to people having a tendency to create a ''Confrontation''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'confrontational' in Wordnet:
         1. confrontational - (of or relating to confrontation)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ConfrontingaSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConfrontingaSituation`
Description	''ConfrontingaSituation'' is a generic Event in which an ''IntentionalAgent'' encounters some difficult problematic situation and decides to take action do something about it. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'confront' in WordNet: 2. (11) confront, face up, face - (deal with (something unpleasant) head on; 'You must confront your problems'; 'He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes') WN verb 'tackle': 1. (3) undertake, tackle, take on - (accept as a challenge; 'I'll tackle this difficult task')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	CopingWithaSituation^c

Confusing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confusing

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'confusing' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) confusing, perplexing, puzzling - (lacking clarity of meaning;
             causing confusion or perplexity; 'sent confusing signals to Iraq';
             'perplexing to someone who knew nothing about it'; 'a puzzling statement')

Super-classes Unclear^c

Confusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confusion`
Description	Every element of this collection is a feeling of being confused or bewildered. `This includes one sense of the verb 'confuse' because to be confused is to experience Confusion. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'confusion' in WordNet: 2. (7) confusion, mental confusion, confusedness, muddiness, disarray - (a mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior; 'a confusion of impressions') WN WN This type also represents one sense of the act 'to confuse': WN to confuse things is to experience 'Confusion'`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Bafflement^c

CongenitalCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CongenitalCondition`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition. Each instance of #$CongenitalCondition is a physiological condition that is present in an organism from the time of gestation (i.e. before birth). Instances of #$CongenitalCondition may be genetic conditions (see the specialization #$GeneticCondition) or they may be caused by the behavior of the mother during pregnancy (for example, as in a case of congenital heroin addiction).
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Innate^c
Sub-classes	GeneticCondition^c BirthDefect^c

Congestion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Congestion`
Description	This ''Congestion'' is an ''Overabundance'' (excess) of some ''BodyFluid'' inside the body. " RHW: 2. an excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood or other fluid in a body part or blood vessel: pulmonary congestion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'congestion' in WordNet: 1. (1) congestion - (excessive accumulation of blood or other fluid in a body part)`
Super-classes	Overabundance^c MedicalSymptom^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value AnimalBodyPart^c hasSubjectOfState^op value InternalBodyFluid^c
Sub-classes	PulmonaryCongestion^c NasalCongestion^c

Congratulating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Congratulating

Description

The activity of congratulating someone.

    SUMO: Any ExpressingApproval to a person for 
      something that the person did in the past and that is regarded as being 
     to the benefit of the person congratulated.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'congratulate' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) compliment, congratulate - (say something to someone that expresses praise;
             'He complimented   her on her last physics paper')
          2. (3) congratulate, felicitate - (express congratulations)
       WN noun 'congrtulation':
         1. (4) congratulation, felicitation - 
            (the act of acknowledging that someone has an occasion for celebration)
         2. congratulation, felicitation - ((usually plural) an expression of pleasure at 
            the success or good fortune of another; 'I sent them my sincere congratulations on their marriage')

Super-classes ExpressingApproval^c

Congregating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Congregating`
Description	''Congregating'' is a ''GatheringTogetherOfPeople'' that is intentional, not accidental or mere coincidence. The number of people should be at least 4 to count as 'congretating'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'congregate' in WordNet: 1. (2) congregate - (come together, usually for a purpose; 'The crowds congregated in front of the Vatican on Christmas Eve')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c GatheringTogetherOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfFourOrMorePeople^c produces^op value AssemblageOfPeople^c

Congregation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Congregation

Description

A group of people attending a #$CommunalWorshipService.

      COSMO note: this is not a subtype of BeliefGroup because
      the attendees are not necessarily adherents to a particular
      religion- this is not the group of members of a Church (i.e. not the
      parishioners).

     See also ''Parish''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'congregation' in Wordnet:
           1. (32) congregation, fold, faithful - (a group of people who adhere to a common faith
             and habitually attend a given church)

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c

Congress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Congress`
Description	Any 'LegislativeOrganization' or combination of ''LegislativeOrganization''s that is called a 'congress' by the government that created it. The 'members' may be ''Senator''s, or congressman or congresswoman or 'member of congess' or 'USRepresentative' though there may be many other people working for the organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'congress' in WordNet: 3. congress - (a national legislative assembly)`
Super-classes	LegislativeOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Legislator^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesCongress

Congressional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Congressional

Description

APertainingAttributeValue that pertains any body called a ''Congress'' but usually to the UnitedStatesCongress.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'congressional' in WordNet:
          1. (2) congressional - (of or relating to congress; 'congressional hearing')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Conical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conical`
Description	'Conical' is the property of a three-dimensional object that is shaped like a cone, i.e. has a point at one end and a cirular base at the other end, with a cross-section that is circular from one end to the other. See also 'Cone'. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'conical' in WordNet: 1. conic, conical, conelike, cone-shaped - (relating to or resembling a cone; 'conical mountains'; 'conelike fruit')`
Super-classes	Convex^c Round^c
Sub-classes	LongConeShaped^c

ConiferousTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConiferousTree`
Description	CYC: A member of the coniferopsida class. Usually a tree, usually evergreen. `NOTE: this ''ConiferousTree'' is the Tree variety, not a 'shrub'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coniferous tree' in Wordnet: 1. conifer, coniferous tree - (any gymnospermous tree or shrub bearing cones)`
Super-classes	Tree^c
Sub-classes	FirTree^c PineTree^c CedarTree^c SpruceTree^c RedwoodTree^c CypressTree^c

Conjunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conjunction`
Description	CYC: The collection of all coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conjunction' in WordNet: 3. (1) conjunction, conjunctive, connective, continuative - (an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences)`
Super-classes	ClosedClassWord^c
Sub-classes	SubordinatingConjunction^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whereas http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#implies http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#both http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nor http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EitherOr http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#minus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whereby http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#plus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provided http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#incidentally http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrElse http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#soThat http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#followsFrom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#neither http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#and http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#or http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#but

Conjunctivitis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conjunctivitis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conjunctivitis' in WordNet: 1. conjunctivitis, pinkeye - (inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye)`
Super-classes	Inflammation^c

ConjuringUpSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConjuringUpSomething`
Description	This kind of Event can be caused by any of several types of situations or actions, and produce almost any kind of thing. Hard to restrict the usage of these terms logically, unless more specific subtypes are created. The notion of magically 'calling forth' should be distinguished from the ability of some situations to cause ideas in a Person's mind. These are both included here. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conjure up' in WordNet: 1. (5) raise, conjure, conjure up, invoke, evoke, stir, call down, arouse, bring up, put forward, call forth - (summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic; 'raise the specter of unemployment'; 'he conjured wild birds in the air'; 'call down the spirits from the mountain')`
Super-classes	Creation^c
Restrictions	produces^op value MentalObject^c

ConnectedFishHook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectedFishHook`
Super-classes	FishHook^c ConnectedObject2^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op some ConnectedFishingLine^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MyFishHook1

ConnectedFishingLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectedFishingLine`
Super-classes	FishingLine^c ConnectedObject1^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op some ConnectedFishHook^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MyFishingLine1

ConnectedObject1^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectedObject1`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op some ConnectedObject2^c
Sub-classes	ConnectedFishingLine^c

ConnectedObject2^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectedObject2`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op some ConnectedObject1^c
Sub-classes	ConnectedFishHook^c

ConnectedPair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectedPair`
Description	Each ''ConnectedPair'' is an ''PairOfObjects'' in which the two objects are directly connected or attached, with no third physical object intervening. NOTE: if two salient objects are connected by an attaching device, that would have to be represented by a different type (not yet represented). `NOTE: to represent the notion that the two Objects in the pair are connected, for each subtype of this type the two objects should be represented as instances of the classes`
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some ConnectedObject1^c hasComponentElement^op some ConnectedObject2^c
Sub-classes	FishingLineAndHook^c

ConnectedPathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectedPathSystem`
Description	A subcollection of #$PathSystem instances of which are connected , as opposed to being in separate pieces. For any distinct points A and B in a connected path system SYS, there is a path PATH in SYS that both A and B are on. That is, a path system SYS is an instance of #$ConnectedPathSystem if and only if, for any distinct points A and B in SYS, there is a path PATH in SYS such that (#$pathBetweenInSystem PATH A B SYS) holds. Note that according to this definition, a connected path system does not necessarily contain a link - a path system containing a single node and no links will be a connected path system. Note also that because of the CycL treatment of paths (see #$pathInSystem) and nodes (see #$nodeInSystem), there is a path between every two points in SYS just in case there is a path between every two nodes in SYS.
Super-classes	PathSystem^c
Sub-classes	ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c Tree-PathSystem^c ComputationalSystem^c

ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem`
Description	CYC: The collection of all (partially) tangible physical path systems which are connected.
Super-classes	ConnectedPathSystem^c SpatialPathSystem^c Path-Physical^c
Sub-classes	PipingSystem-Generic^c NervousSystem^c WiringSystem^c CardiovascularSystem^c BodyTract^c StreamSystem^c

connected_spatiotemporal_region^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion`
Description	BFO Definition: A space time region that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same space time region. Examples: the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life, the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus. @ToDo: COSMO note: in COSMO, the type TimePoint (instant) is a subtype of TimeInterval, whereas in BFO interval and instant are disjoint. The BFO interval, therefore must be a non-zero length. For simplicity, COSMO does not yet have a non-zero-length instant (no need yet), and when that is added the BFO 'SpatiotemporalInterval' needs to be equated with the non-zero-length interval, and the subtype relation of 'SpatiotemporalInstant' and 'SpatiotemporalInterval' must be removed.. BFO: 'ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion': BFO Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. BFO: Examples: the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life, the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus
Super-classes	SpatiotemporalRegion^c
Sub-classes	spatiotemporal_interval^c

Connectedness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Connectedness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'connectedness' in WordNet: 1. connection, link, connectedness - (the state of being connected; 'the connection between church and state is inescapable')`
Super-classes	StateOfUnion^c
Sub-classes	Cohesion^c

Connecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Connecting`
Description	'Connecting' is an Event in which two or more Objects (Physical or Abstract) become linked so that they are adjacent (in some sense) and a path exists between the two objects that does not pass outside of both objects. This forms a 'connection' but the connection does not have to be firm or stable - a connection that is stable is formed by an 'AttachmentEvent', a subtype of this type. `@ToDo: Connection-Physical is not necessary?? Abstract is included here to allow 'Concatenating'' as subtype.?? Review!! Corresponds to sense 1 of 'connect' and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'link' in WordNet: 1. (8) connect, link, tie, link up - (connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces; 'Can you connect the two loudspeakers?'; 'Tie the ropes together'; 'Link arms')`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Connection-Physical^c
Sub-classes	Concatenating^c PluggingInAnElectricalDevice^c Splicing^c BecomingSnagged^c Reconnecting^c AttachmentEvent^c

Connection-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Connection-Physical`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents only the part of a PhysicalObject or that forms the connecting region between two larger objects that have been joined together. In the case where gluing or cementing or topological connection (screwing together) is used, the parts of the original objects will be intact at the joint. But in the case of Welding, the edges of the original objects will be distorted by the welding process, and parts of each edge may become mixed in. Therefore in the general case, it cannot be inferred that the original objects can be recovered by undoing the connection. NOTE that this is a ''SolidObject'' but it does not have to be a self-connected' object, ..i.e. the connection can be the multiple parts of an Assembly that form the topological constraint that prevents two separate objects from moving apart. Thus putting a cufflink into a shirt cuff is a ''Connecting'' and the ''Connection-Physical'' is the parts of the cufflink and shirt that prevent moving apart - which is essentially the whole cufflink plus the region of he cuff that has the hole in it. For a device that can be used to create a connection, use ''Connector' (or its subtype ''Fastener''). Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Connection-Physical is a group consisting of parts of at least two instances of #$PartiallyTangible that are in physical contact and which are connected in way such that they resist spatial separation. Examples include the connection between a table leg and a tabletop, two pieces of metal welded together, and a hinge joining a CD case cover to its backing (the last would be an instance of the more specialized collection #$Joint-Physical). While each #$Connection-Physical is an instance of #$SolidTangibleThing, and therefore has a determinate spatial boundary, there are many cases in which there are no easily describable boundaries between the parts of connected objects that are parts of the connection, and those which are not. For example, consider a connection between a table and one of its legs. If the leg is merely glued to the bottom surface of the table top, the exact spatial boundaries of the connection bewteen the parts is not clear. In contrast, the connection between a sewing needle and a thread attached by a knot to its eye is more clearly defined, because the boundaries of their connected parts are more easily determined. The group consisting of the knot and the eye of the needle determine the spatial extent of the connection. This corrresponds only to part of WN 'sense 4 connection' - this includes not only an object than can create a connection between other objects (see ''Fastener''), but the whole region of a connected Object that makes the larger object a connected unit. Includes part of noun sense 3 in WordNet, but is broader including in some cases regions of the connected bodies (as in weld): in WordNet: 3. (4) connection, connexion, connector, connecter, connective - (an instrumentality that connects; 'he soldered the connection'; 'he didn't have the right connector between the amplifier and the speakers')
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	ComputerNetworkConnection^c BondingConnection^c Joint-Physical^c ElectricalConnection^c SolderConnection^c

ConnectiveTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConnectiveTissue`
Description	COSMO: this is a piece of connective tissue, an object, not a substance. `Cyc: The #$Collection of all instances of #$ConnectiveTissue. Subsets of this collection include #$Aponeurosis, #$Tendon, Fascia, Collagen, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'connective tissue' in WordNet: 1. (1) connective tissue - (tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments)`
Super-classes	OrganismPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Tendon^c Ligament^c FattyTissue^c

Connector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Connector`
Description	Any solid Device that 'connects' other objects in some way, e.g. as by holding them together (a ''Fastener'') or by conducting electric signals between them. This has to be something that was an independent object before being used to connect other objects. A ''Connection-Physical'' may of may not be independent, and usually has parts of the connected objects, so that is a different concept. `NOTE that a ''Coupler'' is typically specifically designed to be part of a larger assembly, though it also connects two other objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'connector' in Wordnet: 1. connection, connexion, connector, connecter, connective - (an instrumentality that connects; 'he soldered the connection'; 'he didn't have the right connector between the amplifier and the speakers')`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Connecting^c
Sub-classes	Harness^c Fastener^c HoseClamp^c Electrode^c PivotDevice^c ContactComponent^c

Connoisseur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Connoisseur`
Description	A ''Connoisseur'' is an ''Expert'' in some field that involves enjoyment of perceving (viewing, tasting, listening to, collecting) physical objects and entertainment Events, not necessarily that person's profession (unless that person is a paid reviewer). This is used often of those with refined discriminating taste in art or food or drink, particularly wines, but the term can be applied to anyone with deep knowledge of a subject and enjoyment of experiencing those examples. A connoisseur may write reviews about such things. `RHW 'cognoscenti': persons who have superior knowledge and understanding of a particular field, esp. in the fine arts, literature, and world of fashion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'connoisseur' in WordNet: 1. (2) connoisseur, cognoscenti - (an expert able to appreciate a field; especially in the fine arts)`
Super-classes	Expert^c
Sub-classes	Aesthete^c Oenophile^c Exhibitor^c Hobbyist^c Gourmet^c

Connotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Connotation`
Description	The ''Connotation'' is the ''IntendedMeaning'' of some ''Communication''. that is implied rather than explicitly stated. `The sense of 'intension' seems to be similar to that of RHW sense 5: 5. Logic. (of a term) the set of attributes belonging to all and only those things to which the given term is correctly applied; Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'connotation' in WordNet: 1. (3) intension, connotation - (what you must know in order to determine the reference of an expression) 2. (2) connotation - (an idea that is implied or suggested)`
Super-classes	IntendedMeaning^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Implied^c

ConqueringaTerritory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConqueringaTerritory`
Description	''ConqueringaTerritory'' is the Action of some ''CollectiveAgent'' using force or the threat of force to gain administrative control of some ''GeopoliticalRegion'' against the wishes of the agent(s) that previously controlled that region in some mannner. The previous form of control need not be that of a formal ''Country'', it could be the implicit control of a tribe that lives there mostly uncontested. `Includes verb senses 2 and part (a country, not one's fears) 3 of 'conquer' in WordNet: 2. (1) appropriate, capture, seize, conquer - (take possession of by force, as after an invasion; 'the invaders seized the land and property of the inhabitants'; 'The army seized the town'; 'The militia captured the castle') 3. (1) conquer - (overcome by conquest; 'conquer your fears'; 'conquer a country') WN noun 'conquest': 1. (2) conquest, conquering, subjection, subjugation - (the act of conquering)`
Super-classes	TakingSomething^c
Restrictions	canBeFacilitatedBy^op value MilitaryInvasion^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value MilitaryInvasion^c hadObjectObtained^op some (GeographicalArea^c or RegionType^c)

Cons^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cons`
Description	Each ''Cons'' is a Group of which every element ''ArgumentCon'' that argumees against the same proposition or course of action. `'we discused the pros and cons' Each element Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'con' in WordNet: 1. (1) con - (an argument opposed to a proposal)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ArgumentCon^c

Conscience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conscience`
Description	A complex Motive (i.e. a group of Motives) each component element of which is a MoralPrinciple. This type is used to represent a system of morality, also called 'morals' or 'ethics'; this is not actually a 'Feeling' of conscience, but the abstract principles adhered to by some IntelligentAgent. ToDo: Sense 3 of 'conscience' should be a different trype. RWH: 1. the inner sense of what is right or wrong in one's conduct or motives, impelling one toward right action: to follow the dictates of conscience. 2. the complex of ethical and moral principles that controls or inhibits the actions or thoughts of an individual. 3. an inhibiting sense of what is prudent: I'd eat another piece of pie but my conscience would bother me. in WordNet: 1. (12) conscience, scruples, moral sense, sense of right and wrong - (motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions) 2. (6) conscience - (conformity to one's own sense of right conduct; 'a person of unflagging conscience') 3. (1) conscience - (a feeling of shame when you do something immoral; 'he has no conscience about his cruelty') WN noun 'morals': 1. (2) ethical motive, ethics, morals, morality - (motivation based on ideas of right and wrong)
Super-classes	Motive^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MoralPrinciple^c

Conscientious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conscientious

Description

   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'conscientious' in WordNet:
     2. conscientious - (guided by or in accordance with conscience or sense of right and wrong;
       'a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice')

Super-classes Considerate^c

Conscious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conscious`
Description	An attribute that specifies that an animal is conscious - able to respond to stimuli (possible asleep) - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. NOTE that 'Conscious' is not just 'not unconscious', as 'Unconscious' does not include being asleep; Conscious can be 'conscious but sleeping'. Corresponds partly to adjective sense 2 of 'conscious' in WordNet; however, the closest WordNet sense includes the notion of 'knowing, being aware of (a fact)', which is not part of this type only 'conscious during the operation' is the part of the Wordnet sense that is included. This is a physiological condition, not a state of knowledge. in WordNet: 2. (6) conscious - (knowing and perceiving; having awareness of surroundings and sensations and thoughts; 'remained conscious during the operation'; 'conscious of his faults'; 'became conscious that he was being followed')
Super-classes	Alive^c
Sub-classes	Relaxing^c Asleep^c Awake^c

ConsciousActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsciousActivity`
Description	This is the collection of all activities which are performed in a state of consciousness, that is, the animal performing the action is not sleeping, in a coma, or otherwise unconscious.
Super-classes	MentalEvent^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Awake^c
Sub-classes	Finding-Generic^c CeaseParticipating^c Waiting^c Apparition^c HumanActivity^c Phantom^c Cognition^c Desisting^c PurposefulAction^c

Consciously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consciously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'consciously' in Wordnet: 1. (3) consciously - (with awareness; 'she consciously played with the idea of inviting them')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Consciousness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consciousness`
Description	'Consciousness' is a PhysiologicalCondition in which an Animal is aware of its surroundings and can respond to external stimuli by means of thought processes in the brain. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'Consciousness' and noun sense 2 of 'awareness' and noun sense 1 of 'sentience' in WordNet: WN 'consciousness': 1. (20) consciousness - - (an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation; 'he lost consciousness') WN 'awareness': 2. (2) awareness, sentience - - (state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness; 'the crash intruded on his awareness')`
Super-classes	MentalState^c NormalOrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Awareness^c

ConsciousnessAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsciousnessAttribute`
Description	Attributes that indicate whether an Organism is conscious or the qualitative degree of consciousness of an Organism.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c

Consensual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consensual

Description

''Consensual'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a HumanActivity performed by one or more ''Person''s who consent to perform the activity,i.e. it is not 'coerced'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'consensual' in Wordnet:
        1. consensual - (existing by consent; 'a consensual contract')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ConsensualAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsensualAction`
Description	A ''ConsensualAction'' is a ''HumanActivity'' performed by a GroupOfPeople that is consented to, whether explicitly or implicitly, by all participants.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ConsentingAdult^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Consensual^c isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c

Consensus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consensus`
Description	'Consensus' is an Agreement in opinion among some Group of two or more people who have met or otherwise communicated together to discuss an issue. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consensus' in WordNet: 1. (3) consensus - (agreement in the judgment or opinion reached by a group as a whole; 'the lack of consensus reflected differences in theoretical positions'; 'those rights and obligations are based on an unstated consensus') WN noun 'accord': 2. accord, conformity, accordance - (concurrence of opinion; 'we are in accord with your proposal')`
Super-classes	Agreement^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some AgreeingEvent^c

Consent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consent`
Description	A ''Consent'' is a ''Permission'' created by directly informing the Person asking for and getting the ''Permission' of the granting Agent's agreement to the request. 'yes means yes; no means no'. `However, in ''ConsensualAction''s the ''Consent'' may be implied; this is very common inordinary actions performed by people acting toether. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consent' in WordNet: 1. (7) consent - (permission to do something; "he indicated his consent")`
Super-classes	Permission^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some ConsentingAction^c

Consenting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consenting

Description

''Consenting'' is an AttributeValue of one or more ''Person''s who perform some activity willingly together or at the request of another, i.e. no participant is 'coerced'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'consenting' in Wordnet:
         1. consenting - (having given consent; 'consenting adults')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ConsentingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsentingAction`
Description	A ''ConsentingAction'' is a ''GrantingPermission'' that performed by one Agent in a response to a request for permisson. NOTE that although a ''Permission'' must follow a ''GrantingPermission'' Action, a ''GrantingPermission'' need not be preceded by a ''RequestingPermission'', as a Permission may be granted generally as a matter of policy without a specific request. However, a ''ConsentingAction'' must follow a ''RequestingPermission''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'consent' in WordNet: 1. (6) accept, consent, go for - (give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to; 'I cannot accept your invitation'; 'I go for this resolution')
Super-classes	GrantingPermission^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Consent^c isCausedBy^op value RequestingPermission^c

ConsentingAdult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsentingAdult`
Description	A ''ConsentingAdult'' is a ''HumanAdult'' who performs some activity willingly, i.e. a Person who is not ''Coerced'' `No WN sense for this term.`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Consenting^c

Consequent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consequent

Description

A technical term for 'Conclusion' in the sense of the result of a deductive reasoning process. RHW: Logic. the second member of a conditional proposition, as 'Caesar was a great general' in 'If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general.'

    For the specifically logical 'conclusion' deduced in a 
    formal logical reasoning process, use the  subtype ''Consequent''.
    It is the Consequent part of an Argument, and may have
    more than one clause connected by 'and' or 'or.

    The terms 'deduction' 'implication' 'conclusion' and 'entailment' are
       not differentiated here.  Perhaps some distinction can be
       found?

      Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'conclusion' and part (for logical processes from
          antecedent propositions) sense 3 of 'deduction' in Wordnet:
         5. (1) conclusion, ratiocination - (the proposition arrived at
            by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow 
            from the major and minor premises of a syllogism))

Super-classes Conclusion^c
LogicalAssertion^c

Consequential^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consequential`
Description	''Consequential'' is an attribute of things - events, plans, proposals that deal with issues of importance that have significant consequences for some person(s). This is the opposite of 'of little consequence'. This sense does not include 'serious' as applied to people (see 'Somber'). For things that are important, use the parent type 'Important'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'serious' and part of sense 1 of 'consequential' in WordNet: WN this sense does not apply to people, as does sense 1 of WordNet WN (see 'Somber'). 2. (10) serious - - (of great consequence; 'marriage is a serious matter') WN adjective 'consequential': 1. consequential, eventful - (having important issues or results; 'the year's only really consequential legislation'; 'an eventful decision')`
Super-classes	Important^c
Sub-classes	Momentous^c

Conservation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conservation

Description

''Conservation'' is an Action in which an agent refrains from using some natural resource including tracts of land, or restricts activities that could harm endangered species.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'conservation' in WordNet:
          2. (1) conservation - (the preservation and careful management of
             the environment and of natural resources)

Super-classes SavingForFutureUse^c

ConservationLaw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConservationLaw

Description

A ''ConservationLaw'' is a ''LawOfNature'' that describes the measurable properties of matter or space-time that are 'conserved' (quantitatively unchanged) when certain types of transformations occur, such as location in space, conversion from one form of matter to another, or transfer of properties to other objects in events. Most well-known are conservation of energy (actually mass-energy) and conservation of momentum or conservation of charge

          Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conservation' in WordNet:
            3. conservation - ((physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities 
               unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations)

Super-classes LawOfNature^c

Conservatism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conservatism`
Description	''Conservatism''is a political ideology nominally advocating careful preservation of accepted practices and cautIon in adopting new policies. In modern United States politics, it emphasizes small government, minimal business regulation, and low taxes. `"If a man does away with his traditional way of living and throws away his good customs , he had better first make certain that he has something of value to replace them." Basuto Proverb (quoted in 'Something of Value' by Robert Ruark) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conservatism' in WordNet: 1. (6) conservatism, conservativism - (a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes)`
Super-classes	PoliticalIdeologicalBelief^c
Sub-classes	Fascism^c

ConservativeInAction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConservativeInAction

Description

''ConservativeInAction'' is the attribute of someone who is cautious in performing actions, including drawing conclusions, trying not to make mistakes.

     Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 3 of 'conservative' in Wordnet:
       3. (1) cautious, conservative - (avoiding excess; 'a conservative estimate')

Super-classes Cautious^c

ConservativePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConservativePerson`
Description	A ''Conservative'' is a ''Person'' whose views on politics are ''PoliticallyConservative''. `NOTE: 'conservativist' is not in RHW, is omitted as a label. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conservative' in WordNet: 1. (3) conservative, conservativist - (a person who has conservative ideas or opinions)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PoliticallyConservative^c believes^op value Conservatism^c
Sub-classes	ReactionaryPerson^c HardLiner^c Rightist^c CapitalismAdvocate^c Traditionalist^c

ConservativelyInclined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConservativelyInclined

Description

The attribute of someone who avoids unfamiliar or untested Actions..

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conservative' in WordNet:
       1. (11) conservative - (resistant to change)

Super-classes Cautious^c

ConservingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConservingAnObject`
Description	The modification of an Object (e.g. a document, a painting, a FoodObject, a biological sample) so as to protect it from deterioration that might occur. This is the act, for example, of putting fruit preserves in a jar, or of canning food, or of pasteurizing milk, or of freezing objects or substances for storage, or freeze-drying an object, or of adding preservative substances to a document, or to cloth, or to food, to prevent deterioration, wear, or stains. This is more specific than the parent tye ''Preserving'' in that something must be done to the Object conserved to reverse deterioration or make it less susceptible to deterioration,, not just storing it or putting it in the refrigerator. The more specific action of canning (or bottling) food is represented as 'PreservingFood'. Once this modification action has occurred, subsequent maintenance of the object in safe conditions is an instance of 'Preserving' but not of 'ConservingAnObject'. This distinction is made to discriminate between actions that statically keep an object in some original condition, and actions that modify an object so as to make it easier to keep it in a desirable condition. However natural processes such as fossilization or natural mummification, or burial under volcanic ash, that help change an object to a more stable form are not included - this type is for intentional Actions. Includes parts of senses 4 and part of sense 2 of 'preserve' and sense 2 of 'conserve' and noun sense 1 of 'conservation' in WordNet: 4. (1) preserve, keep - (prevent (food) from rotting; 'preserved meats'; 'keep potatoes fresh') 2. (9) conserve, preserve, maintain, keep up - (keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction; 'We preserve these archeological findings'; 'The old lady could not keep up the building'; 'children must be taught to conserve our national heritage'; 'The museum curator conserved the ancient manuscripts') WN noun 'conservation': 1. (2) conservation, preservation - (an occurrence of improvement by virtue of preventing loss or injury or other change)
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c MaintainingAnObject^c Preserving^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPreserved^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	PreservingFood^c Embalming^c
In domain of	hadObjectPreserved^op

Considerable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Considerable

Description

''Considerable'' is an adjective meaning 'large' often with respect to some quantifiable measure.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'considerable' in WordNet:
           1. (33) considerable - (large or relatively large in number or amount
             or extent or degree; 'a considerable quantity'; 'the economy was
             a considerable issue in the campaign'; 'went to considerable trouble for us";
             'spent a considerable amount of time on the problem')

Super-classes Large^c

Considerate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Considerate`
Description	'Considerate'' is the quality of an Action in which a Person inconveniences him/herself so as to avoid harming or inconveniencing another person. Similar to 'considerate' - considering the need of others as well as oneself. `Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'thoughtful' and sense 1 of 'considerate' in WordNet: 5. thoughtful - (considerate of the feelings or well-being of others) WN adj 'considerate': 1. (2) considerate - (showing concern for the rights and feelings of others; 'friends considerate enough to leave us alone')`
Super-classes	Kind^c Careful^c
Sub-classes	Conscientious^c Polite^c Prompt^c

Considerateness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Considerateness`
Description	''Considerateness'' is the trait of someone who is disposed to consider the needs of others as well as him/herself in deciding to do things that might offend others or cause them inconvenience. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thoughtfulness' in WordNet: 2. consideration, considerateness, thoughtfulness - (kind and considerate regard for others; 'he showed no consideration for her feelings')`
Super-classes	Kindness^c
Sub-classes	Tact^c

Consideration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consideration`
Description	A ''Consideration'' is the Role of an Object or Event that provides one possible reason why a Person may decide to do something. Observing or considering a ''Consideration'' an create a ''Motive'' - what the Person wants to achieve - and can provide ''Information'' about what is the state of affairs, and 'expectation' about the likely effects of different potential actions. There are several terms vaguely related that fall into this category. NOTE: that this is not the Motive (a MentalObject) that provides the immediate neural cause of Action, but is a fact or situation that may create the 'element' is not in WN in this sense,but may occasonally be used similarly 'another element in his decision was . . .' 'consideration' noun sense 2: 2. (11) circumstance, condition, consideration - (information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; 'another consideration is the time it would take') 'grounds' noun sense 4: 4. (1) cause, reason, grounds - (a justification for something existing or happening; 'he had no cause to complain'; 'they had good reason to rejoice') 'factor' - noun sense 1: in WordNet: 1. cognitive factor - (something immaterial (as a circumstance or influence) that contributes to producing a result)
Super-classes	AspectOfaProblem^c Role^c Factor^c
Restrictions	perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value Motive^c isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Deciding^c perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value CognitiveFactor^c
Sub-classes	DeterminingFactor^c CognitiveFactor^c

ConsideredCrazy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsideredCrazy

Description

Being considered at least a little insane by many members of the community who are acquainted with the person so characterized.

 See also ''Insane''

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crazy' in Wordnet:
       1. (10) brainsick, crazy, demented, distracted, disturbed, mad, sick, unbalanced, unhinged - 
        (affected with madness or insanity; 'a man who had gone mad')
    WN adj 'insane':
      1. (11) insane - (afflicted with or characteristic of mental derangement; 
         'was declared insane'; 'insane laughter')
    WN adj 'looney':
      1. crazy, loony, looney, weirdo - (someone deranged and possibly dangerous)
    WN adj 'nuts':
      1. balmy, barmy, bats, batty, bonkers, buggy, cracked, crackers, daft, dotty, fruity, 
       haywire, kooky, kookie, loco, loony, loopy, nuts, nutty, round the bend, around the bend,
       wacky, whacky - (informal or slang terms for mentally irregular;
       'it used to drive my husband balmy')

Super-classes SocialStatusAttribute^c

ConsideredDangerous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsideredDangerous`
Description	Being considered dangerous by most members of the community who are acquainted with the person so characterized.
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c

ConsideredInferior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsideredInferior`
Description	Being considered inferior by some group of persons. This is not a personality trait that relates to just one person, but to a group of people large enough to affect a person's status in the community.
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c

Considering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Considering`
Description	Considering is a mental event in which some consideration of facts and weighing of possibilities is involved. It is not necessarily a Judging, which is a subtype, but has more elements of reasoning than a 'ThinkingAboutSomething', which could merely be a recalling of some past Event. This type includes most of the senses from WordNet, but sense 9 includes an element of action as well as thought, and senses 1 and 6 are represented by 'ConsideringToBe', a state rather than an Action. Noun sense 1 of 'consideration' is the nominalized form. Sense 4 is represented as the subtype ''TakingIntoConsideration''. in WordNet: 3. (41) consider, take, deal, look at - (take into consideration for exemplifying purposes; 'Take the case of China'; 'Consider the following case') 7. regard, consider - (look at attentively) 9. consider - (regard or treat with consideration, respect, and esteem; 'Please consider your family') WN noun 'consideration': 1. (17) consideration - (the process of giving careful thought to something)
Super-classes	ThinkingAboutSomething^c
Sub-classes	Deliberating^c Ideation^c http://micra.com/COSMO/Reconsidering^c Contemplation^c Judging^c http://micra.com/COSMO/ContemplativeViewing^c

ConsideringToBe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsideringToBe`
Description	'ConsideringToBe' is a specialized subtype of ''Believing'', representing ''Believing''s in which some 'IntentionalAgent' believes that some entity (object, Event, attribute) is of some type (or - the logical equivalent - to have some attribute) or is a specific individual. This differs from the more general '''Believing''' in focusing on the classification or some quality of a specific entity. This sense is signaled linguistically by phrases such as 'considered it to be . . .' ; 'thinks of her as a ...' 'deems it unlikely'; 'regards the process as a waste of time'. Linguistically, 'think' in this sense is used in at least two frames: 'I think [that] he is an excellent singer' and 'She thinks of him as just another jerk.' 'Believe' in this sense is used in phrases like 'Tom believes her to be insincere.' This can also be used for attributes of Events 'We deem it unnecessary to explain further'. @ToDo this sense is related to 'Classifying' but the relation is not yet (rev833) clear. Ontonotes: deem-1v 'consider as'. Examples His instructors deemed him as someone not fit for battle. It was deemed by the Court to involve wrongful activity. The vet thoroughly examined her, deeming her fit and healthy. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'deem', sense 1 of 'regard',senses 1 and 6 of 'consider', sense 1 of 'think', sense 2 of 'believe' and sense 1 of 'view' in WordNet: WN 'deem' 1. (13) deem, hold, view as, take for - (keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view; 'take for granted'; 'view as important'; 'hold these truths to be self-evident'; 'I hold him personally responsible') WN verb 'consider' 1. (33) see, consider, reckon, view, regard - (deem to be; 'She views this quite differently from me'; 'I consider her to be shallow'; 'I don't see the situation quite as negatively as you do') 6. (2) think, believe, consider, conceive - (judge or regard; look upon; judge; 'I think he is very smart'; 'I believe her to be very smart'; 'I think that he is her boyfriend'; 'The racist conceives such people to be inferior')
Super-classes	Believing^c
Sub-classes	IdealizingSomething^c ConsideringToBeValuable^c

ConsideringToBeValuable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsideringToBeValuable`
Description	'ConsideringToBeValuable' is a ''Believing'' that is a subtype of 'ConsideringToBe'with one argument (after 'be') assigned to the type 'Valuable'. This is a vague ''Believing'', where the degree of 'valuable' can vary, and the purpose for which sommething is valuable can be any human purpose. `RHW 'prize': 1. to value or esteem highly includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'value' in WordNet: 2. (1) prize, value, treasure, appreciate - (hold dear; 'I prize these old photographs') 3. (1) respect, esteem, value, prize, prise - (regard highly; think much of; 'I respect his judgement'; 'We prize his creativity')`
Super-classes	ConsideringToBe^c
Sub-classes	EsteemingSomeone^c

Consistence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consistence`
Description	''Consistence'' is an AttributeType whose values specify the degree to which some quantity of some substance flow freely or flow slowly due to viscosity or pour freely or hold shape to some degre ona surfacr in a gravitational field or remain rigidly without shape change - the range from free-flowing liquid to rigid solid. This term is usually used for the property of semisolid substances that have some ability to hold together in a gravitational field, and do not flow freely but are not rigid and can be changed in shape by application of pressure, as with putty or moist clay or uncooked dough. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consistence' in WordNet: 2. consistency, consistence, body - (the property of holding together and retaining its shape; 'when the dough has enough consistency it is ready to bake')`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Softness^c

Consistency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consistency`
Description	''Consistency'' is a state in which the entity(s) in focus has the quality ''Consistent'' (logically consistent, not contradictory.. `Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'consistency' in WordNet: 3. consistency - (logical coherence and accordance with the facts; 'a rambling argument that lacked any consistency') 4. consistency - ((logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that none of the propositions deducible from the axioms contradict one another)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Consistent^c
Sub-classes	Coherence^c

Consistent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consistent`
Description	This sense of ''Consistent'' means logically consistent, not contradictory. It can be applied to two assertions to specify that they do not contradict (or better, they support) each other. The subtype ''Coherent'' is an AttributeValue of a set of assertions or propositions (e.g. a theory) in which none of the assertions contradict any one or combination of the others. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'consistent' in WordNet: 1. (8) consistent - ((sometimes followed by 'with') in agreement or consistent or reliable; 'testimony consistent with the known facts'; 'I have decided that the course of conduct which I am following is consistent with my sense of responsibility as president in time of war'- FDR)`
Super-classes	Conforming^c
Sub-classes	Coherent^c

Consistently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consistently

Description

''Consistently'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' characterizing some (any kind of) aspect of a series of actions that is similar or identical in all or most of those actions.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consistently' in WordNet:
          1. (8) systematically, consistently - (in a systematic or consistent manner;
            'they systematically excluded women')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Consolidated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consolidated

Description

''Consolidated'' is an AttributeValue of anything that was created by a ''Consolidating'' Action. This is appplied to mineral substances that were formed into a firm solid by fusion of two or more other substances. 'A coral reef is a reef consisting of coral consolidated into limestone.' ' A stone is a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter.' 'Sandstone is a sedimentary rock consisting of sand consolidated with some cement.'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'consolidated' in Wordnet:
          2. consolidated - (forming a solid mass)

Super-classes Combined^c

Consolidating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consolidating`
Description	A ''Consolidating'' is an Event in which some objects or materials aggregate into a compact mass that can be treated as a single Object. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'consolidate' in WordNet: 4. consolidate - (form into a solid mass or whole; "The mud had consolidated overnight")`
Super-classes	Combining^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Consolidation^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Organization^c

ConsolidatingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsolidatingAction`
Description	A ''Consolidating'' is a ''Uniting'' Event in which some agent(s) act to change the organizational structure of two or more Organizations having separate identity into one Organization that has components from all of the initially separate Organizations. NOTE: this constrains the meaning of this type to 'consolidation' of Organizational operations to distinguish it from the broader parent ''Uniting''. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'consolidate' in WordNet: 1. (3) consolidate - (unite into one; 'The companies consolidated') 3. consolidate - (bring together into a single whole or system; 'The town and county schools are being consolidated') WN noun 'conolidation': 2. (1) consolidation, integration - (the act of combining into an integral whole; 'a consolidation of two corporations'; 'after their consolidation the two bills were passed unanimously'; 'the defendants asked for a consolidation of the actions against them')
Super-classes	Uniting^c Combining^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op min 2 produces^op max 1
Sub-classes	CommercialMerger^c Federating^c

Consolidation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consolidation`
Description	A ''Consolidation'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that was produced by a ''Consolidating'' Event (of any subtype). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'consolidation' in WordNet: 3. consolidation - (something that has consolidated into a compact mass; 'he dropped the consolidation into the acid bath')`
Super-classes	WholeObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Consolidating^c

Consoling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consoling`
Description	A 'Consoling'' is a ''ProvidingMentalComfort'' in which the thing given is ''Solace''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (4) comfort, soothe, console, solace - (give moral or emotional strength to) WN noun 'consolation': 2. consolation, comfort, solace - (the act of consoling; giving relief in affliction; 'his presence was a consolation to her')`
Super-classes	ProvidingMentalComfort^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Solace^c

Consonant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consonant

Description

This is the phoneme, the abstract symbol representing the sound (not the sound itself). For alphabetical consonants, use 'Consonant-Alphabetical'.

     Cyc: Collection of #$Consonants. Consonants are those
        sounds produced when something in the vocal tract is
        obstructing the airflow. Example: The English letter  l
        represents a consonant.

        SUMO: An AlphabeticCharacter that denotes a speech sound 
         that results in audible friction when it is pronounced.

Super-classes Phoneme^c

Consonant-Alphabetical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consonant-Alphabetical

Description

This is the alphabetical symbol. For phonetic consonants, use 'Consonant'

     Cyc: Collection of #$Consonants. Consonants are those
        sounds produced when something in the vocal tract is
        obstructing the airflow. Example: The English letter  l
        represents a consonant.

        SUMO: An AlphabeticCharacter that denotes a speech sound 
         that results in audible friction when it is pronounced.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'consonant' in WordNet:
        2. (2) consonant - (a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken consonant)

Super-classes AlphabeticalCharacter^c

Consortium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consortium`
Description	A ''Consortium'' is an ''Organization'' formed by a a Group of Organizations to achieve some Specific Goal that requires multiple Organizations `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consortium' in WordNet: 1. consortium, pool, syndicate - (an association of companies for some definite purpose)`
Super-classes	Association^c GroupOfOrganizations^c PrivateSectorOrganization^c
Restrictions	wasGatheredForPurpose^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	Cartel^c

Conspicuous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conspicuous`
Description	Something ''Conspicuous'' is easily 'Visible'. It stands out from the background. In effect 'visibly salient'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conspicuous' in Wordnet: 1. (2) conspicuous - (obvious to the eye or mind; 'a tower conspicuous at a great distance'; 'wore conspicuous neckties'; 'made herself conspicuous by her exhibitionistic preening')`
Super-classes	Detectable^c Visible^c Obvious^c Salient^c
Sub-classes	OutOfBody^c Ostentatious^c Pretentious^c Shining^c

Conspicuously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conspicuously

Description

''Conspicuously'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives and sometimes assertions to assert that the attribute is so pronounced as to be 'conspicuous' to an observer, or the Action is performed in a manner so as to be 'conspicuous' or 'prominent'. 'conspicuously absent'; 'written conspicously in red ink'

        Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'conspicuously' in Wordnet:
          2. (2) prominently, conspicuously - (in a prominent way; 'the new car was prominently 
               displayed in the driveway')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction`
Description	A ''ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction'' is a ''Feat'' performed by a Person that is difficult and successful and ''Admirable'' and recognized as such by some ''GroupOfpeople'' that is wider than one's friends and associates. `Performing such Actions can gain a Person ''Prestige'' and may be considered ''Dazzling''..`
Super-classes	AnimateActivity^c Feat^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c) mayCause^op value Prestige^c hasAttributeValue^op value Dazzling^c hasAttributeValue^op value Admirable^c

ConspiracyAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConspiracyAgreement`
Description	A ''ConspiracyAgreement'' Agreement between People to attempt to perform some Illegal act, leading to some ''Colluding'' Action.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conspiracy' and parts of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'collusion' in WordNet: 1. (3) conspiracy, confederacy - (a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act)`
Super-classes	CollusionAgreement^c Agreement^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value Colluding^c isProducedByEventType^op value Conspiring^c hasTopic^op some IllegalAction^c

ConspiracyGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConspiracyGroup`
Description	A ''ConspiracyGroup'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' who are ''Conspiring'' or have conspired to perform an IllegalAction. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conspiracy' in WordNet: 3. (2) conspiracy, confederacy - (a group of conspirators banded together to achieve some harmful or illegal purpose)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some Colluding^c hasComponentElement^op value Conspirator^c

Conspirator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conspirator`
Description	A ''Conspirator'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who participates in a ''Conspiring'' action to create a ''ConspiracyAgreement'' or who participates in the execution of that plan, by participating in a ''Colluding''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conspirator' in WordNet: 1. (1) conspirator, coconspirator, plotter, machinator - (a member of a conspiracy)`
Super-classes	Person^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Conspiring^c

Conspiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conspiring`
Description	''Conspiring'' is the Action of creating a ''ConspiracyAgreement''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conspire' in WordNet: 1. (3) conspire, cabal, complot, conjure, machinate - (engage in plotting or enter into a conspiracy, swear together; 'They conspired to overthrow the government')`
Super-classes	MakingAnAgreement^c SchemingAction^c
Restrictions	produced^op some ConspiracyAgreement^c

Constable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constable`
Description	`Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'constable' in WordNet: 1. (1) constable - (a lawman with less authority and jurisdiction than a sheriff) 3. constable, police constable - (a police officer of the lowest rank)`
Super-classes	LocalLawEnforcementOfficer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Policing^c isaMemberOf^op value PoliceOrganization^c

Constant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constant`
Description	''Constant'' is An AttributeValue of things that do not change (by much) spontaneously, or cannot be changed. "istheattributeofsomethingdoi For unchanging quantities use the subtype ''Fixed''. `Includes adjective sense 1 of 'constant' and sense 1 of 'fixed' in WordNet: 1. (39) changeless, constant, invariant, unvarying - (persistent in occurrence and unvarying in nature; 'maintained a constant temperature'; 'principles of unvarying validity') WN adj 'fixed': 1. (17) fixed - ((of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Fixed^c Monotone^c

ConstantMathematicalQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstantMathematicalQuantity`
Description	A ''ConstantMathematicalQuantity'' is a ''MathematicalQuantity''that remains of constant value throughout any specific calculation, as other quantities are allowed to vary. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'constant' in WordNet: 2. (5) constant - (a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context; 'the velocity of light is a constant')`
Super-classes	MathematicalQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Constant^c
Sub-classes	Coefficient^c Parameter^c

ConstantQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstantQuantity`
Description	A ConstantQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity which has a constant value, e.g. 3 meters and 5 hours. The magnitude (see MagnitudeFn) of every ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantities are distinguished from FunctionQuantities, which map ConstantQuantities to other ConstantQuantities. All ConstantQuantites are expressed with the BinaryFunction MeasureFn, which takes a Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 Meters can be expressed as (MeasureFn 3 Meter). ConstantQuantities form a partial order (see PartialOrderingRelation) with the lessThan relation, since lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is defined over the RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a total order (see TotalOrderingRelation) over the class ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as mass quantities)
Super-classes	PhysicalQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Mol^c BiomassMeasure^c ConcentrationMeasure^c SolidAngleMeasure^c ChargeMeasure^c AreaMeasure^c InformationMeasure^c Frequency^c Amplitude^c Force^c TimeMeasure^c FrequencyPerYear^c LengthMeasure^c DensityMeasure^c PricePerTimeUnit^c HardnessMeasureMohs^c EnergyMeasure^c FrequencyPerDay^c TemperatureMeasure^c MassMeasure^c AmountPerTime^c Productivity^c PlaneAngleMeasure^c PressureMeasure^c SpeedMeasure^c VolumeMeasure^c

Constantly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constantly`
Description	''Constantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event and specifies that the action is performed repeatedly or seemingly repeatedly over some time interval. This is used to describe the frequency of Actions that are performed by someone other than the narrator, and often suggests that the Actions described are unwanted or interruptive. This also suggests that there is or seems to be little time beween the iterations of the Event - this term is often used as an exaggeration expressing displeasure at the repetition rate. `For a corresponding rate measure use ''often''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'constantly' and sense 1 of 'persistently' in WordNet: 1. (13) constantly, perpetually - (seemingly uninterrupted; 'constantly bullied by his big brother'; 'was perpetually answering the doorbell')`
Super-classes	Frequently^c
Sub-classes	Ceaselessly^c

Constellation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constellation`
Description	A ''Constellation'' is any pattern of visible stars that has been named. The names often suggest Objects (mostly people and animals) that are suggested by the pattern of the brightest stars in each constellation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'constellation' in WordNet: 2. constellation - (a configuration of stars as seen from the earth)`
Super-classes	Configuration^c GroupOfStars^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conspicuous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Visible^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BigDipper

Consternation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consternation`
Description	''Consternation'' is a mild form of ''Fear'', mixed with Surprise. `RHW: a sudden, alarming amazement or dread that results in utter confusion; dismay. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consternation' in WordNet: 1. (2) alarm, dismay, consternation - (fear resulting from the awareness of danger)`
Super-classes	Fear^c Distress^c Surprise^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute^op value Dismaying^c

Constipation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constipation`
Description	Abnormally delayed or infrequent passage of dry, hardened feces. `NOTE: this may be undesirable, but is not usually considered as an 'ailment'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constipation' in WordNet: 1. constipation, irregularity - (irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels; can be a symptom of intestinal obstruction or diverticulitis)`
Super-classes	Symptom^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Intestine^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c hinders^op value Defecating^c

Constituency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constituency`
Description	A ''Constituency'' is the ''GroupOfPeople'' who live within the electoral district of some ''ElectedOfficial''. NOTE: the voters of that district are represented by ''Electorate''. How do 'Constituency' and 'Electorate' differ??? The Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary has one definition that conforms to the meaning of this type: 1..\b. the residents in an electoral district. The ''Constituency'' of an Elected official and the ''Electorate'' that was elegible in the election are the same in some dictionary meanings. The word 'consituency' is may used to refer to the voters relative to the current elected official, and an 'electorate' is used to refer to the voters of a district, without direct reference to the elected official. Thus where they are synonymous they are used in different textual contexts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constituency' in WordNet: 1. constituency - (the body of voters who elect a representative for their area)
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Resident^c hasSubgroup^op only Electorate^c residesIn^op some ElectoralDistrict^c

Constituted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constituted

Description

''Constituted'' is the subattribute of ''Accepted'' characterizing things of various types that have been considered as 'acceptable' for some time. The grou people controlling some activity of society and considered as 'the establoishment' are characterized by this attribute.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'constituted' in Wordnet:
          1. established, constituted - (brought about or set up or accepted;
             especially long established; 'the established social order'; 
             'distrust the constituted authority'; 'a team established as a member of a major league'; 
             'enjoyed his prestige as an established writer'; 'an established precedent'; 'the established Church')

Super-classes Accepted^c

ConstitutingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstitutingSomething

Description

''ConstitutingSomething'' is the ''PersistentState'' in which something,usually a Group of things (of any type) is/are the essential dominant component(s) of something larger (of any type). For substance composition, this notion is represented by the relation ''isTheMainComponentSubstanceOf''. But the general notion of 'comprising' something or being the 'main constituent parts' is not yet (rev1351) represented as a relation (objectProperty).

      To 'consitute something' does not require that the agent (group?) performing this
      Action be the *only* parts - just most of the whole, and the most important arts:
      if *Y is '99 and 44 one-hundredths percent pure *X', then *X is the agent of 
      ''ConstitutingSomething'' for *Y.

       This could also be more explicitly called 'BeingTheDominantPartsOf'.
          see also fo substances ''consistsMostlyOfSubstance''

          Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'constitute' in WordNet:
            1. (32) constitute, represent, make up, comprise, be - (form or compose; 
              'This money is my only income'; 'The stone wall was the backdrop for the performance';
              'These constitute my entire belonging'; 'The children made up the chorus'; 
              'This sum represents my entire income for a year'; 'These few men comprise his entire army')
           WN verb 'consist':
            4. (8) consist, comprise - (be composed of; 'The land he conquered comprised several provinces';
               'What does this dish consist of?')

Super-classes BeingInaRole^c

Constitution^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constitution

Description

A 'Constitution' is a 'Charter' for a government or governmental organization. This was added to align with the top-level concept of FIBO 'Constitution' (as of 7-20-2014) but this has a subtype of 'instrument of incorporation' which is not necessarily governmental. The FIBO hierarchy would need to be restructured here unless this is identified with 'Charter'.

   SKOS def: 'A constitution defines the basic principles and laws of a nation,
       state, or social group that determine the powers and duties of the 
       government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it.'

   (SKOS editorial note): 'This defines the framework in which laws (for a country
      constitution), rules and regulations (for a party or organization constitution)
      or contractual commitments are made and in which they have force.'

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constitution' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) fundamental law, organic law, constitution - (law determining the fundamental
             political principles of a government)

Super-classes Charter^c

Constitutional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constitutional

Description

''Constitutional'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Constitution'' and governmental systems based on a consitution.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'constitutional' in WordNet:
       1. (7) constitutional - (of or relating to a constitution; 'constitutional amendments')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Constitutionally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constitutionally

Description

''Constitutionally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective to assert that the adjective is to be inerpreted with respect to a ''Constitution'',or an action to assert that the Action conforms to a ''Constitutional''. In the gloss, 'this was constitutionally ruled out', it is the 'ruling out' that conforms to the Constitution.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'constitutionally' in WordNet:
           1. constitutionally - (according to the constitution; 'this was constitutionally ruled out')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Constrained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constrained`
Description	'Constrained'is a very broad Attribute meaning the opposite of 'free' or 'unconstrained'. This needs to be interpreted in a specific context. It may mean 'captive' or 'constrained by rules from doing things'. This is the opposite of 'Free'. This is the result of a 'constrain' Event or State, as in senses 1 and 2 of 'constrain' in WordNet: 1. restrain, encumber, cumber, constrain - (hold back) (see ''KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething'') 2. stiffen, tighten, tighten up, constrain - (restrict; 'Tighten the rules'; 'stiffen the regulations') WN Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'restricted' and sense 2 of 'limited': 1. (2) restricted - (subject to restriction or subjected to restriction; 'of restricted importance') 3. controlled, restricted - (curbed or regulated; 'controlled emotions')
Super-classes	Limited^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Confined^c Captured^c Arrested^c

Constriction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constriction`
Description	A ''Constriction'' is a ''Feature'' of a ''LongAndThinThing'' (a ''PhysicalObject''), that is a part of that Object that is perceptibly narrower than most of the remainder of the object. This is particularly significant when the ''Constriction'' is part of a ''Pipe'' or ''Tube'' or other container through which a fluid can flow, when it reduces the ability of the 'Tube'' to carry fluid because the cross-section of the ''Constriction'' part is is smaller than the remainder of the tube. However, any narrowing in an otherwise long thing can be viewed as a ''Constriction''; the constriction is not necessarily tubular. `??hasCrossSectionalShape Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constriction' in Wordnet: 1. (1) constriction, bottleneck, chokepoint - (a narrowing that reduces the flow through a channel)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c ConcaveObject^c PhysicalFeature^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Narrow^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LongAndThinThing^c
Sub-classes	BottleNeck^c

Constrictor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constrictor`
Description	SUMO: A Snake that lacks venom and kills its prey by crushing it to death. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constrictor' in Wordnet: 1. constrictor - (any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils)`
Super-classes	Snake^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CrushingAnAnimal^c
Sub-classes	BoaConstrictor^c Python^c Anaconda^c

Constructing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constructing`
Description	COSMO note: the type 'BuildingSomething' was inserted between 'MakingaPhysicalObject' and this type 'Constructing', to represent actions in which some Artifact is created from parts or materials, even though the thing created is not a structure - it could be a small object. For 'Constructing' the object created must be a structure (#$ConstructionArtifact in Cyc, 'StationaryArtifact' in SUMO) This includes the original constructing, and any modification, which is a subtype in CYC. Two CYC classes seem to be equivalent, though one is a subtype of the other in CYC: CYC 'MakingConstructionArtifact': A collection of events. In each #$MakingConstructionArtifact event, some instance of #$ConstructionArtifact (bridges, houses, stadiums, airports, fences, etc.) is created. Cyc: A specialization of #$MakingSomething. In each instance of this collection, one or more #$ConstructionArtifacts, such as a house or a road, are made (or incrementally enlarged or remodeled). SUMO: The subclass of Making in which a StationaryArtifact is built. Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'build' and noun senses 1 and 2 of'construction' in WordNet (for structures, but not for other objects: for non-structures use 'BuildingSomething') : in WordNet: 1. (123) construct, build, make - (make by combining materials and parts; 'this little pig made his house out of straw'; 'Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer') WN noun 'construction': 1. (663) construction, building - (the act of constructing something; 'during the construction we had to take a detour'; 'his hobby was the building of boats') 2. (48) construction, building - (the commercial activity involved in repairing old structures or constructing new ones; 'their main business is home construction'; 'workers in the building trades')
Super-classes	BuildingSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op some ConstructionArtifact^c
Sub-classes	BuildingaShip^c BuildingaSructure^c RoofingaStructure^c

ConstructionArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionArtifact`
Description	COSMO Note: this appears to be the same as StationaryArtifact in SUMO, except that it includes 'MannedSpacecraft' - which will be excluded in COSMO. In COSMO this category is interpreted as either large Artifacts that are usually stationary when used (though they might be movable, like a house), or a part of such an Artifact, like a chimney. Each such Object is created in a ''Constructing'' Event. COSMO note: this category also includes some animal constructions, like nests! It also includes areas that have been modified for use in outdoor activities, like sports fields. Perhaps it should be more specific? Cyc: A specialization of #$Artifact. Each instance of #$ConstructionArtifact is a structure designed and built by agents (human or otherwise). This collection includes buildings and parts of buildings, as well as things like dams, railroad lines, and roads. Examples include the #$RomanColiseum, the #$ArcDeTriomphe, #$HooverDam, the #$EmpireStateBuilding, and the #$HollywoodBowl. Note that the collection #$ConstructionArtifact includes some instances (such as instances of the specialization #$MannedSpacecraft) that are not tied to a fixed location, as well as some instances (such as instances of the specialization #$BridgeSpan) that, although tied to a fixed location, are not free-standing artifacts. #$FixedStructure, an important specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact, is the collection of free-standing construction artifacts that are tied to a fixed location. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact is an Artifact that has a fixed spatial location. Most instances of this Class are architectural works, e.g. the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, office towers, single-family houses, etc. COSMO NOTE: in SUMO a 'Monument' is a StationaryArtifact, so 'StationaryArtifact' should not be identified with the more specific 'FixedStructure', which is a Facility.
Super-classes	DurableArtifact^c Structure^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immobile^c wasCreatedInEvent^op value Constructing^c
Sub-classes	Amenity^c ServiceFacility^c VictorianStructure^c ReligiousStructure^c Window^c StorageFacility^c Campground^c ElectricPowerGrid^c FixedStructure^c MemorialMarker^c Gateway^c TransportFacility^c MilitaryFacility^c StageForPerformances^c BuildingFrame^c PavedSurface^c LeisureFacility^c RomanArchitecturalStyle^c OffstageArea^c ShelterConstruction^c NuclearReactor^c PartitionStructure^c SwimmingPool^c WindowPane^c PostmodernArchitecturalStyle^c GenericAstronomicalObservatory^c HumanOccupationConstruct^c ReligiousBuilding^c DetentionFacility^c EgyptianArchitecturalStyle^c PartitionedSpace^c PowerGrid^c IntraBuildingTransportationDevice^c Scaffolding^c PathArtifact^c PowerGenerationComplex^c OutdoorArtifact^c PartOfAnHSC^c

ConstructionCompany^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionCompany`
Description	COSMO note: a ''ConstructionCompany'' can be very small, only a few people. It will almost always be incorporated, but is not necessarily a Corporation. `CYC: A specialization of both #$CommercialServiceOrganization and #$PrivateSectorOrganization. Each instance of #$ConstructionCompany is an organization whose main function (see the constant #$MainFunction) is constructing or remodeling buildings, houses, dams, bridges, or other construction artifacts (see the collection #$ConstructionArtifact)`
Super-classes	PrivateSectorOrganization^c Business^c Builder^c CommercialServiceOrganization^c
Sub-classes	HomeBuilder^c

ConstructionCrane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionCrane`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'crane' in WordNet: 4. crane - (lifts and moves heavy objects; lifting tackle is suspended from a pivoted boom that rotates around a vertical axis)`
Super-classes	LiftingDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Constructing^c

ConstructionMaterialType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionMaterialType`
Description	CYC: The collection of all types of material which are normally used for construction. Instances of this collection are context dependent with ice being an instance along the Arctic coast of North America and palm leaves being an instance throughout most of the tropics. #$Wood and stone [#$StoneStuff] are instances in most human societies in which they are available. `COSMO note: we require that this be a solid substance, so liquid unpoured concrete or glues would not be included.`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Wood^c Plywood^c Stone^c

ConstructionObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionObject`
Description	A ''ConstructionObject'' is a PhysicalObject used in constructing structures. This is the Object correlating with the substance ''BuildingMaterial''. `NOTE: the WN term 'building material' is ambiguous between material as stuff (substance) and material as objects. In COSMO that synset labels both meanings. Here it can be interpreted as one or moreobjects used in construction - a pallet loaded with bricks,or multiple bags of mortar, or both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'building material' in WordNet: 1. building material - (material used for constructing buildings)`
Super-classes	Product^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Constructing^c typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value BuildingMaterial^c
Sub-classes	ConstructionStone^c StructuralBeam^c BuildingSiding^c WallBoard^c Panel^c

ConstructionStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionStone`
Description	A ''ConstructionStone'' is a ''ConstructionObject'' made of ''Stone''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stone' in WordNet: 3. (86) stone - (building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose; 'he wanted a special stone to mark the site')`
Super-classes	ConstructionObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Stone^c
Sub-classes	CornerStone^c

ConstructionVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionVehicle`
Description	$ConstructionVehicle is a specialization of `#$LandTransportationDevice, #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, and #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$ConstructionVehicle is a land vehicle that is used to make roads, dams, buildings etc. They also may be either a #$WheeledTransportationDevice or a #$TrackedVehicle.`
Super-classes	InternalCombustionPoweredDevice^c LandTransportationVehicle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value ConstructionCompany^c
Sub-classes	EarthMovingVehicle^c

ConstructionWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionWorker`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'construction worker' in WordNet: 1. construction worker, hard hat - (a worker skilled in building offices or dwellings etc.)`
Super-classes	Employee^c BlueCollarWorker^c

ConstructionWorkerOrRepairman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConstructionWorkerOrRepairman`
Super-classes	Employee^c

Constructive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Constructive

Description

''Constructive'' is an attribute of Assertions especially advice or criticism or comments generally that tend to help an agent by pointing out possible errors or suggesting possibly useful Actions.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'constructive' in Wordnet:
         1. (5) constructive - (constructing or tending to construct
               or improve or promote development; 'constructive criticism';
               'a constructive attitude'; 'a constructive philosophy';
               'constructive permission')
         2. constructive - (emphasizing what is laudable or hopeful or to the good;
              'constructive criticism')

Super-classes Helpful^c
EvaluativeAttribute^c

Consul^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consul`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons, a subset of #$Diplomat. Each element of #$Consul is a person who is officially appointed by a country's government to aid and serve its citizens in a foreign city. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consul' in WordNet: 1. consul - (a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country)`
Super-classes	Diplomat^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value Consulate-TheMission^c typicallyWorksAt^op value Consulate^c

Consulate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consulate`
Description	CYC 'Consulate-TheBuilding': The collection of all consulates, the buildings in which official diplomatic representations are hosted. For the office itself see #$Consulate-TheMission. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consulate' in WordNet: 1. consulate - (diplomatic building that serves as the residence or workplace of a consul)`
Super-classes	DiplomaticBuilding^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value Consulate-TheMission^c

Consulate-TheMission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consulate-TheMission`
Description	CYC: The collection of all consulates, the official diplomatic representations of a country A in a foreign country B. Not to be confused with the buildings in which such offices are hosted. See #$Consulate-TheBuilding.
Super-classes	DiplomaticMission-ThePost^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Consulate^c

Consultant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consultant`
Description	A ''Consultant'' is an ''Advisor'' who is paid for providig ''Advice''. This is for an individual Person. An Organization listed as the 'consultant' is not directly represented (Rev1337) in COSMO, but wouuld be specified as the agent (instance of ''AgentType'') doing the ''ConsultingService''. `Corresponds to part (professional consultants) of noun sense 1 of 'consultant' in WordNet: 1. (3) adviser, advisor, consultant - (an expert who gives advice; 'an adviser helped students select their courses'; 'the United States sent military advisors to Guatemala')`
Super-classes	Advisor^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ConsultingService^c

Consulting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consulting`
Description	'Consulting'' is any event in which one Person or GroupOfPeople ask another Person or GroupOfPeople for advice on what to do in some situation. NOTE: This is for a ''Consulting' in which Advice (good or bad) is actually given. For a Meeting where one seeks Advice but doesn't get it, the parent ''InformationGathering' or ''Inquiring'' can be used. `NOTE: the action in which a Person gives advice for pay is represented as ''ConsultingService'', under ''Advising''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'consult' in WordNet: 1. (15) consult, confer with - (get or ask advice from; 'Consult your local broker'; 'They had to consult before arriving at a decision')`
Super-classes	InformationGathering^c Asking^c Advising^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Advice^c

ConsultingService^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsultingService`
Description	''ConsultingService'' is an action performed by a ''Consultant''who provdes Advice (about business or Government policy or other actions performed by organizations large enough to afford a ''consultant''s fee).) The ''Consultant' could be recorded (e.g. on a bill) as an Organization that provides consulting services, so the perfomrmer is allowed to be a ''Consultant'' or ''AgentType''. More specificity can be added if needed. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'consult' in WordNet: 4. consult - (advise professionally; 'The professor consults for industry')`
Super-classes	Advising^c ProfessionalServicing^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Consultant^c or AgentType^c)

ConsumableProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsumableProduct`
Description	A ConsumableProduct is a Substance that is rendered unusable for its intended purpose after a single use. Fuels are an example, and so is commercially prepared food. Most paper products are consumable, even though a portion may be used several times instead of just once (as with tissue paper). `A specialization of #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$ConsumableProduct is a product of which any portion can be used only once. A portion of a #$ConsumableProduct is 'used up', i.e., destroyed or transformed into an unusable or waste form, during normal use. Note: 'consumable' here does not necessarily mean consumed by mouth; the consumption may be any use of the product.`
Super-classes	ProductSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Fuel^c TopicalSkinApplication^c CombustibleFuelSubstance^c CoatingMaterial^c Seasoning^c ToiletrySubstance^c Condiment^c Varnish^c HerbalMedicine^c Paint^c Blocker^c DrugProduct^c Placebo^c

Consumed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consumed`
Description	''Consumed'' is an AttributeValue of something - objectsor substances - that were used in some ''ConsumingSomething'' Action and no longer usable. This applies only to the materials consumed in one ''ConsumingSomething'', and does not apply to some 'supply' of materials that was 'used up. For the consumption of a 'supply' of aome kind use subtype ''Depleted'' or its subtype ''UsedUp''. `Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'depleted' in Wordnet: 1. (2) depleted - (having resources completely depleted; 'our depleted resources') 2. depleted, low - (no longer sufficient; 'supplies are low'; 'our funds are depleted')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Born^c
Sub-classes	Depleted^c

Consumer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Consumer`
Description	A ''Consumer'' is a Person in a ''UserRole'' in which the thing 'used' is a commercial Product (goods or services). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consumer' in WordNet: 1. (12) consumer - (a person who uses goods or services) WN noun 'end user': 1. end user - (the ultimate user for which something is intended)`
Super-classes	UserRole^c Person^c
Restrictions	makesUseOf^op some (Product^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or ServiceEvent^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Spendthrift^c

ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsumingFoodOrDrink`
Description	A specialization of both #$Ingesting and #$AnimalActivity. Each instance of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an animal ingests some portion of food or drink through its mouth. Notable specializations of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink are #$EatingEvent and #$DrinkingEvent. NOTE that this is done via the mouth, as the restriction requires. have: 'I'll have what she's having.' Corresponds to part of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'consume' in WordNet; this sense represents consumption of food that is not necessarily immoderate and can be a single event, or multiple events. in WordNet: 1. (3) devour, down, consume, go through - (eat immoderately; 'Some people can down a pound of meat in the course of one meal') 2. (3) consume, ingest, take in, take, have - (serve oneself to, or consume regularly; 'Have another bowl of chicken soup!'; 'I don't take sugar in my coffee') WN noun 'consumption': 1. (2) consumption, ingestion, intake, uptake - (the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating))
Super-classes	ActingOnSomething^c InternalChange^c Ingesting^c PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink^c
Restrictions	removes^op value FoodOrDrink^c hadConsumedObject^op some FoodObject^c hasSubEvent^op value SwallowingFood^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value SatisfyingHungerOrThirst^c requiredBodypart^op value Mouth^c
Sub-classes	Swallowing^c DrinkingEvent^c EatingEvent^c

ConsumingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConsumingSomething`
Description	'ConsumingSomething' is an Action in which some Resource is consumed or expended, by an animal or inanimate thing; it is not necessary that the entire 'supply' of something available at the start of an action be consumed in order to be an instance of this type, but the thing consumed will be the portion of the supply that is no longer available for use after the action. To represent the consumption of a full available supply of something, use the subtype 'ExhaustingaSupply'. The thing expended is usually a PhysicalObject, but may be a PhysicalSubstance or more abstract, such as money, time, energy, or physiological energy. The thing expended is specified by the relation 'hadObjectModified'. NOTE that consuming Money does not mean it is wasted - the thing obtained in return may be valuable and sellable for even more than the purchase price, but in the given transaction, the money itself is no longer available to the person spending it. Consuming therefore does not mean 'destruction' - one may consume fresh water by using it in different ways, but the water still exists. This is not a subtype of 'ActionOnObject' because the thing consumed may not be an Object. (@ToDo a quantity of substance is an Object, so this might be represented so as to be an ActionOnObject - to be reconsidered). Includes verb senses 3,4, of 'consume' and sense 1 of 'expend' and sense 1 of 'use up' and sense 4 of 'use' and noun senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'consumption' in WordNet: 3. (2) consume, squander, waste, ware - - (spend extravagantly; waste not, want not) 4. (1) consume - - (destroy completely; The fire consumed the building) WN noun 'consumpton': 3. consumption, economic consumption, usance, use, use of goods and services - ((economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; 'the consumption of energy has increased steadily') 4. consumption, using up, expenditure - (the act of consuming something) WN verb 'drain': 2. (1) drain - (deplete of resources; 'The exercise class drains me of energy')
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c AnimalActivity^c PhysicalDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value ReplenishingaSupply^c hadReducedEntity^op some Supply^c hadConsumedObject^op value Object^c
Sub-classes	SpendingMoney^c Depletion^c WastingSomething^c Ingesting^c TakingUpTime^c

ContactComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContactComponent`
Description	A ''ContactComponent'' is a part of an ''ElectricalDevice'' that is designed to make electrical contact with other parts of the same Device or with other Devices so as to transmit voltage or current. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'contact' in WordNet: 7. (1) contact, tangency - ((electronics) a junction where things (as two electrical conductors) touch or are in physical contact; 'they forget to solder the contacts')`
Super-classes	ElectricalConnection^c ElectricalComponent^c Connector^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalJack^c ElectricalTerminal^c ElectronicPlug^c

ContactLens^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContactLens`
Description
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Lens-Artificial^c Eyewear^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Seeing^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Eyeball^c

ContactLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContactLocation`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalObject. Each instance of #$ContactLocation is a location at which some particular agent (e.g. a person or a corporation) may be contacted by any of several means, for any of several purposes. #$ContactLocations include any place to which one may direct one or more of the following: letters, packages, phone calls or voice messages, bills, email, faxes, pages, subpoenas. Contact locations must be fairly specific - e.g. my house or my office, but not simply my city of residence. A ContactLocation may be mobile - such as a cell phone.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalContactLocation^c Pager^c CellularTelephone^c AnsweringMachine^c

ContactingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContactingaPerson`
Description	''ContactingaPerson'' is an Action by one Person that initiates a conversation between that Person and one or more other people, by voice or telephone or email or snail mail (post) or other medium of communication. "calling" Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contact' in WordNet: 1. (10) reach, get through, get hold of, contact - (be in or establish communication with; 'Our advertisements reach millions'; 'He never contacted his children after he emigrated to Australia')
Super-classes	Communication^c
Restrictions	typicallyStarts^op value OralConversation^c starts^op value Conversation^c
Sub-classes	InitiatingAnOralConversation^c CallingToaPerson^c CallingOut^c Telephoning^c

Contagious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contagious

Description

an AttributeValue of infectious diseases that are easily spread from one host to another.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contagious' in WordNet:
      2. catching, communicable, contagious, contractable, transmissible, transmittable -
       ((of disease) capable of being transmitted by infection)

Super-classes BiologicalAttributeValue^c

ContagiousDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContagiousDisease`
Description	A ''ContagiousDisease'' is a ''Disease'' that can be transmitted from one organism to another by direct or indirect contact, as when one organism emits an infectious agent into the air or water and that agent is ingested by another Organism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contagious disease' in WordNet: 1. contagious disease, contagion - (any disease easily transmitted by contact)`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Contagious^c
Sub-classes	Mumps^c Ebola^c Rabies^c Mononucleosis^c Polio^c SmallpoxInfection^c Influenza^c VenerealDisease^c Rubella^c Measles^c COVID-19_Infection^c

ContainedAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainedAir`
Description	''ContainedAir''is the ''Air'' in some ''ContainerArtifact''. This is ''Air'' that is contained in any ''ContainerArtifact'' - a building, a Room, any isolated chamber, or a storage container, among other things.
Super-classes	Air^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op some ContainerArtifact^c

ContainedAlcoholicBeverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainedAlcoholicBeverage`
Description	A ''ContainedAlcoholicBeverage'' is some quantity of 'AlcoholicBeverage'' in a container, not necessarily filling the container. `This probably should be an instance of a more specific type - 'AlcoholicObjectType'?`
Super-classes	ContainedLiquidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value AlcoholicBeverage^c
Sub-classes	ContainedWine^c

ContainedChampagne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainedChampagne`
Description	Each ''ContainedChampagne'' is a ''ContainedAlcoholicBeverage'' in which the beverage is ''Champagne''.
Super-classes	ContainedWine^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Champagne^c

ContainedLiquidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainedLiquidObject`
Description	A LiquidObject that is inside a container at the time it is referred to. Liquids inside a container have more stable shape and volume than those not contained.
Super-classes	LiquidObject^c
Sub-classes	ContainedAlcoholicBeverage^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallonOfWaterPC1

ContainedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainedObject`
Description	Each ''ContainedObject'' is one of a Group of ''ContainedObjects'', located in some ''GenericContainer''. `NOTE that the two restrictions are logically redundant, in that something being an element of a ''ContainedObjects'' Group requires that it also be contained in some container. If the implication is represented directly, the ''isContainedInObject'' can be removed. Otherwise, it is there to make the meaning more directly clear.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isContainedInObject^op some (ObjectGroup^c or ContainerType^c or GenericContainer^c) isaComponentElementOf^op some ContainedObjects^c

ContainedObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainedObjects`
Description	Each ''ContainedObjects'' is a subtype of ''Contents'' that is a Group of PhysicalObjects that are contained within some generic 'container' (which could be a building) Having a Group of this type can be used to represent all of the objects inside some cavity, especially human artifacts that were built to contain things,even thought that is not usually the explicit function that people have when creating an artifact, such as a ''Building''.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Contents^c
Restrictions	isContainedInObject^op some (ObjectGroup^c or ContainerType^c or GenericContainer^c) hasComponentElement^op min 3

ContainedWine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainedWine`
Description	Each ''ContainedWine'' is a ''ContainedAlcoholicBeverage'' in which the beverage is ''Wine''.
Super-classes	ContainedAlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wine^c
Sub-classes	ContainedChampagne^c

Container^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Container`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc, 'Container' is construed very broadly, and includes vehicles (including open flat-topped vehicles) and buildings. We follow the broad Cyc usage, and create specializations where needed. All containers are PhysicalObjects. NOTE that a 'Container' can be natural, including biological 'containers' in organisms, and geological reservoirs of oil, gas, and water. Cyc comment: The collection of tangible objects whose primary function (see #$primaryFunction) is to contain something (see #$ContainingSomething). Note that just about anything can serve as a container without actually being a container. For example the palm of your hand when cupped may contain some marbles. But because your palm is not always configured as and does not function primarily as a container, it would not be represented as a #$Container but would rather stand in a particular relation to the marbles via some containment predicate. To relate contents to the thing containing them (whether or not that thing is a #$Container) use one or more specific predicates indicating the type of containment present (#$in-ContOpen, #$in-ContClosed, #$in-ContFullOf, #$in-Held, #$packagedIn, #$physicallyContains, #$protectiveContains, ...). If the type of containment is not known use the general predicate #$in-ContGeneric. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'container' in WordNet: 1. (15) container - (any object that can be used to hold things (especially a large metal boxlike object of standardized dimensions that can be loaded from one form of transport to another))
Super-classes	FunctionalObject^c ContainerShapedObject^c GenericContainer^c
Sub-classes	PenalInstitution^c Storehouse^c Capsule^c Bladder^c Pump^c Sac-Organic^c StorageEntity^c Basin^c ContainerArtifact^c WaterBodyBed^c Cocoon^c
In domain of	hasInternalVolume^op

ContainerAndContents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerAndContents`
Description	ContainerAndContents is a category of PhysicalObjects created to resolve some problems arising from linguistic usage, where the contents of a container may be referred to in a way that also suggests some participation of the container. One example of this is the notion of Stream and river, where the stream may exist even when dry, but the water content of a stream may be the more frequent referent. A BodyOfWater (a geographical thing) is a ContainerAndContents, and a StreamBed would correspond to the container that is part of a Stream. This is also useful when one wants to represent statements like 'I bought a carton of milk', where what was bought was both the milk and the containing carton. However, linguistic interpretation depends on context; to assert that 'I drank a carton of milk' does not imply that the containing carton was consumed; in this case only the contents would be the interpretation of 'carton of milk'. To instantiate this type requires that both the 'Container' and the 'Contents' be specified. NOTE that a 'ContainerAndContents' can also be a 'Package', but 'Package' includes wrapped things that are not in a true 'Container'. Only part of the meaning of this type is covered by the word 'contents' see 'Contents' below for the full collection of contained objects. Part of this type Corresponds only to part of the meaning of 'content' noun sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (12) content - (everything that is included in a collection; 'he emptied the contents of his pockets'; 'the two groups were similar in content')
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c ObjectGroup^c ContainerShapedObject^c
Sub-classes	PaperFile^c ControlledEnvironment^c Baggage^c Cushion^c DrugCapsule^c Stream^c SwimmableWaterObject^c Pie^c TapeCassette^c BottleOfStuff^c Rattle^c LanternSlide^c Pincushion^c MakeupObject^c Package^c TeaBag^c KitAndContents^c BoxOfPlayingCards^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JugOfWaterPC1

ContainerArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerArtifact`
Description	$ContainerArtifact is a specialization of #$Container, #$PhysicalDevice, and #$Artifact-NonAgentive. Each instance of #$ContainerArtifact is an object whose primary function (or one of whose main functions) is to be a container. Instances of #$ContainerArtifact include storage containers for books, office records, food, clothing, tools, and materials; containers for transporting the same; passenger compartments of various kinds of vehicles; and artificial constructs for housing humans and animals. Specializations include #$Crib, #$Sandbox, #$OfficeSpace, and #$Coffin. NOTE that a 'ContainerArtifact' is a 'Holder', which makes it a Device; its function is 'StorageOfSomething'. For specialized containers, the thing stored can be specified by using 'isDesignedToContain'.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c Container^c StorageEntity^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value StorageOfSomething^c isDesignedToContain^op only (PhysicalSubstance^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	HumanOccupationConstruct^c StorageConstruct^c Cooler-Container^c FluidContainer^c Case-Container^c Grave^c MailBox^c SprayingDevice^c Chimney^c Bucket^c Ashtray^c MetalContainer^c OpenTopContainer^c FoodVessel^c Flowerpot^c Sink^c Pipe^c Radiosonde^c Envelope^c Aqueduct^c VictorianStructure^c AnimalFeeder^c Casing^c TransportationContainerProduct^c Kit-Container^c RetortVessel^c ContainerByVolume^c Stadium^c TrashContainer^c InflatableContainer^c Frame^c ProcessingContainer^c PieCrust^c Jug^c CoolingDevice^c SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c Box^c LaboratoryRetort^c BirdFeeder^c PocketOfGarment^c Bag^c LeakproofContainer^c Mold^c Tube^c Vessel-Container^c Dispenser^c Theater^c

ContainerByVolume^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerByVolume`
Description	A 'ContainerByVolume' is a 'ContainerArtifact' that has a specified volume. This type allows one to specify, e.g. a 'gallon jug' or 'quart container'. The volume must be specified.
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasInternalVolume^op some VolumeMeasure^c
Sub-classes	GallonJug^c

ContainerCap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerCap`
Description	A 'ContainerCap'is a 'ContainerLid' intended to be used as a ContainerLid for a 'ContainerWithTopCap', but is not a cork,and must extend over the sides of the portal section of the container so as to be replaceable, and to fit onto the portal opening in some fashion (as by friction, screw, flexible tight fit) so as not to fall off when the container is inverted sufficient to pour out the contents; for some FoodTins, the ContainerCap may fall off due to the weight of the contents, if the container is fully inverted. This does not include the cap of containers such as the gas tank of vehicles, that cannot be inverted while in use. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cap' in WordNet: 2. (2) cap - (a top (as for a bottle))`
Super-classes	ContainerLid^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Reusable^c isTheTopPartOf^op some ContainerWithTopCap^c
Sub-classes	TopCap^c

ContainerCapacity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerCapacity

Description

'A ''ContainerCapacity'' is a ''Volume'' that is the maximum volume of material that can fit inside a ''Container''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'capacity' in WordNet:
        3. (6) capacity, content - (the amount that can be contained;
        'the gas tank has a capacity of 12 gallons')

Super-classes Volume^c

ContainerFull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerFull`
Description	A 'ContainerFull' is the type for UnitOfMeasure that are the units for instances of volume measures that reference a container to express the volume; quantities such as 'a cupful' or 'a cup' or 'a boxful' or 'a box of . . .' are linguistic expressions that reference measures of this type. The actual measure will vary, depending on the size of the specific container referenced.
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Restrictions	isTheQuantityThatWillFillA^op some ContainerType^c
Sub-classes	PalletLoad^c Mouthful^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CupFul http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlassFul http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BoxFul http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JarFul http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handful

ContainerLid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerLid`
Description	A specialization of #$PortalCovering. Each instance of this collection is a covering used to seal some kind of #$ContainerArtifact. `NOTE: this includes lids that are held on only by gravity, such as the glass top of some glass jars; these caps will usually fall off if the container is even partly inverted, enough to pour out the contents. This also includes a flexible 'lid' is attached to a Container and can that can fold over the opening to hold in the contents. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lid' in WordNet: 2. lid - (a movable top or cover (hinged or separate) for closing the opening of a container)`
Super-classes	PortalCovering^c
Sub-classes	GasCap^c ContainerCap^c

ContainerShapedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerShapedObject`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$CavityOrContainers which have a distinct or clearly defined outside surface (see #$ClearlyDefinedEntireExternalSurface). Unlike instances of the more specialized collection #$Container, instances of #$ContainerShapedObject do not necessarily contain things as their main function. Examples of #$ContainerShapedObject include the cap of an #$Acorn, the flower of a #$Tulip-Plant, a #$RadioTelescope dish, or a table tennis ball. Negative examples include a #$Cave. Although a cave is a #$CavityOrContainer it does not have clearly defined outside walls. However, the existence of clearly defined inside walls entails that any #$Cave is a #$CavityWithWalls (q.v.)
Super-classes	CavityOrContainer^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	ContainerAndContents^c Container^c CylindricalHollowObject^c

ContainerShip^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerShip

Description

A ''ContainerShip'' transports cargo in 'containers' each of which is about the size of a railroad freight car; they are designed to be able to be lifted off the ship and placed on a trailer to complete the transportation process by road. Very efficient, enables inexpensive cross-ocean transport.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'container ship' in WordNet:
         1. container ship, containership, container vessel - 
           (a cargo ship designed to hold containerized cargoes; 
           'the weight of the documentation of all the consignments on board 
           a contemporary container ship can exceed 90 pounds')

Super-classes CargoShip^c

ContainerStopper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerStopper`
Description	A solid Object designed to snugly fit the top opening in certain kinds of containers (such as a wine bottle or a liquid chemical reagent bottle), to seal it and prevent movement in or out of substances,usually liquids. A screw-on cap is not an instance. `this is to sea the tops of containers. To seal the bottom, use ''Plug''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stopper' and sense 1 of 'plug' in WordNet: 1. (1) plug, stopper, stopple - (blockage consisting of an object designed to fill a hole tightly)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c PortalCovering^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value BottleOrJarPortal^c
Sub-classes	CorkStopper^c

ContainerType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerType`
Description	ContainerType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for containers and an argument restriction for various relations on container types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. 'Containers' can be artifacts or natural objects.
Super-classes	HolderType^c
In range of	isTheQuantityThatWillFillA^op
Members	AnimalContainer SeaBed Binder Pen Flowerpot LandTransportationVehicle Vase RailroadCar Mouth MedicineChest HotCookingVessel Airbrush Pot TrashBag Envelope Cooler-Container Tomb CashRegister Sepulcher FileFolder Atomizer Basket ClosableContainer PassengerCar WindowFrame LiquidContainer TeaPot AnimalCage ShoppingCart HexalateralBox FourWheelDriveVehicle DrinkingGlass Bottle PortableCarrier Pump Inhaler GarbageCan MetalContainer NibbedPen Rickshaw WaterBottle Backpack CapsuleContainer LakeBed DustPan RoadVehicle CookingVessel Storehouse Wastebasket DishPan DrinkingMug Teacup BallpointPen DrinkingVessel ContainerWithTopCap TeaKettle Locker Manger Box PlanterFlowerpot OrganizerFolder ShakerDispenser Thermos DrugCapsule Folder Vial Demitasse FluidContainer ToiletBowl Mausoleum Till Grave FoodTin PictureFrame DollCarriage BabyCarriage IceBucket Cup Mold FreightCar ContainerByVolume Pail Submarine ContainerArtifact Holster HayWagon Jeep CoffeeCup BoxCar Scuttle Dispenser IceWagon SaltShaker GourdBottle Jar Eyeball LowerCrust Urn Pan LavaTube Saucepan Tube Bin Flask Jug PenNib Capsule TreasureRoom MailBox Cart HypodermicSyringe Pencil CoalCar StorageRoom Caboose RiverBed PepperShaker ScrewCapVial Cabinet-StorageConstruction Bucket FryingPan TrashBucket Ashtray OpenTopContainer StreamBed Inkwell Strongbox ErlenmeyerFlask LeadPencil Kettle Rattle BurialVault Cupboard Roller FlowerVase BodyCapsule Pantry GallonJug GasolinePump CoffeePot Ampule Bag Pallet LeakproofContainer Coffin Closet SqueezeTube Sandglass CuppedHand

ContainerWithTopCap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainerWithTopCap`
Description	A ContainerWithTopCap is a PackagingContainerProduct that can be manipulated and inverted with the hands, has an opening (Portal) at the top, that can be closed with a ContainerLid. Mostly for bottles, jars, and jugs (bottles with handles), but also for cans with sealable openings at the top; a 'FoodTin' (but not a 'Can') is a borderline included case; it can be partly inverted to pour out the containd DryFood, but, if fully inverted, may or may not lose the cap due to the weight of the contained food.. The lid is considered by COSMO convention to be part of the container. The part without the lid does not yet (v0.65) have a separate name. The lid for a container of this type is termed a 'TopCap'. .
Super-classes	ClosableContainer^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value TopCap^c hasFeature^op value BottleOrJarPortal^c
Sub-classes	Jar^c FoodTin^c Bottle^c

ContainingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainingSomething`
Description	''ContainingSomething'' is an ''IncludingSomething'' in which some ''GenericContainer'' (abstract or Physical) 'contains' or 'holds' some other object(s) in a manner analogous to a physical ''Container''. This concept is usuall linguistically expressed as a relation represented by an ObjectProperty of the 'contain' series. `No WN sense of 'containment' seems to represent this abstract sense. The RHW sense 1 appears to be appropriate: RHW 'containment': 1. the act or condition of containing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contain' in WordNet: 1. (119) incorporate, contain, comprise - (include or contain; have as a component; 'A totally new idea is comprised in this paper'; 'The record contains many old songs from the 1930's')`
Super-classes	IncludingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GenericContainer^c

Containment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Containment

Description

''Containment'' is some form of ''Restraint'' on the actions of some ''GenericAgent'', including things like Disease (causing epidemics) as well as people (crminals, rioters, rebels).

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'containment' in WordNet:
          3. containment - (the act of containing; keeping something from spreading; 
              'the containment of the AIDS epidemic'; 'the containment of the rebellion')

Super-classes KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c
ControllingSomething^c
InfluencingAnAgent^c

ContainmentPolicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContainmentPolicy`
Description	A ''ContainmentPolicy'' is a ''Policy'' of keeping some 'Country' from expanding its control over others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'containment' in WordNet: 1. containment - (a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully; 'containment of communist expansion was a central principle of United States' foreign policy from 1947 to the 1975')`
Super-classes	Policy^c
Restrictions	hinders^op only TerritorialExpansion^c isPerformedBy^op only GroupOfCountries^c

Contaminant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contaminant`
Description	A 'Contaminant' is an Impurity that is included in some Substance subsequent to its initial production. It may be added intentionally, or unintentionally, or by some natural process or by adding waste material to something (air or water).. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'contaminant' and noun sense 1 of 'pollutant' in WordNet: 1. contaminant, contamination - (a substance that contaminates) WN noun 'pollutant': 1. (1) pollutant - (waste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c Impurity^c
Sub-classes	Pollutant^c Adulterant^c

Contaminated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contaminated

Description

An attribute of objects or substances that are ''Impure'' as a result of some ''ContaminationEvent''.

      NOTE: the WN gloss for this sense suggests that the thing characterized is
         'unwholesome' but this sense is not restricted to contamination that
         can cause health problems, it includes, among other things, contamination
         that can cause erroneous test results or imparts any unwanted properties to a substance
         or sample of material.

        Includes but is broader than adjective sense 3 of 'contaminated' in Wordnet:
          3. contaminated, polluted - (rendered unwholesome by contaminants and pollution; 
           'had to boil the contaminated water'; 'polluted lakes and streams')

Super-classes Impure^c

ContaminationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContaminationEvent`
Description	COSMO note: this is a subtype of ''Dirtying'' where substances acquire undesirable components, in any way. See 'Additive' and 'Adulterant' for substances that may be added, some of which would be participants in a 'ContaminationEvent'. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In each instance of #$ContaminationEvent, some instance of #$PartiallyTangible comes to contain a #$contaminant, and this state of affairs is considered undesirable from the point of view of some agent (see the related predicate #$unwantedMatter). Specializations of #$ContaminationEvent include #$InfectionTransmissionEvent and #$Process. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contaminate' and noun sense 3 of 'pollution' in WordNet: 1. (4) pollute, foul, contaminate - (make impure; 'The industrial wastes polluted the lake') WN noun 'pollution': 3. contamination, pollution - (the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors)
Super-classes	ExposureToSubstance^c Dirtying^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SubstanceType^c hadAddedObject^op some (Contaminant^c or Adulterant^c or SubstanceType^c) hadObjectModified^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	EnvironmentalDegradation^c InfectingEvent^c

Contemplation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contemplation`
Description	''Contemplation'' is a deep ''Considering'' that is performed in an unhurried manner so as to allow careful reflection on all aspects of an issue. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contemplation' in WordNet: 2. (2) contemplation, reflection, reflexion, rumination, musing, thoughtfulness - (a calm lengthy intent consideration)`
Super-classes	Considering^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prolonged^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Calm^c
Sub-classes	Retrospect^c Meditating^c

Contemporaries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contemporaries`
Description	Each ''Contemporaries'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contemporaries' in WordNet: 1. (8) coevals, contemporaries, generation - (all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	GenerationOfContemporaries^c

Contemporary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contemporary

Description

'Contemporary'' is the attribute of things - objects, practices, events - that are currently ocurring and not out-of-date.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'contemporary' in WordNet:
          1. (10) contemporary, modern-day - (characteristic of the present; 
            'contemporary trends in design'; 'the role of computers in modern-day medicine')
          2. (5) contemporary, present-day - (belonging to the present time; 'contemporary leaders')

Super-classes Modern^c

Contempt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contempt`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Contempt is a feeling of one agent toward another agent, in which the latter agent is viewed by the former as low, vile, feeble, or ignominious. Instances of #$Contempt vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, and/or the object of dislike. `''Contempt'' is a feeling of ''Dislike'' for a person together with a lack of Respect - a view that some aspect(s) of a Person's behavior is 'contemptuous'. See also ''HeldInContempt'' for the object of this Feeling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contempt' in WordNet: 1. (7) contempt, disdain, scorn, despite - (lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; 'he was held in contempt'; 'the despite in which outsiders were held is legendary')`
Super-classes	Dislike^c Disapproval^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some Person^c

Contemptible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contemptible`
Description	''Contemptible'' characterizes something so bad that perceiving causes ''Contempt''. This usually characterizes a ''HumanActivity'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contemptible' in Wordnet: 1. (1) contemptible - (deserving of contempt or scorn)`
Super-classes	VeryBad^c
Sub-classes	Vile^c

Contemptuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contemptuous

Description

CYC: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being contemptuous. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree.

        NOTE that this includes 'haughty' in sense 2 of 'disdainful'
          which probably can be differentiated.

         The attribute of having 'Contempt' for another Person or for some behavior of
         another Person.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contemptuous' and part of sense
           2 of 'disdainful'  (but includes haughty and prideful, perhaps
              temporarily if a logical difference can be discerned) in Wordnet:
           1. (2) contemptuous, disdainful, insulting, scornful -
              (expressing extreme contempt)
         WN adj 'disdainful':
           2. disdainful, haughty, lordly, prideful, sniffy, supercilious, swaggering -
              (having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain
              of those one views as unworthy; 'some economists are disdainful 
              of their colleagues in other social disciplines'; 'haughty aristocrats'; 
              'his lordly manners were offensive'; 'walked with a prideful swagger'; 
              'very sniffy about breaches of etiquette';
              'his mother eyed my clothes with a supercilious air'; 
              'a more swaggering mood than usual'- W.L.Shirer)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ContentBearingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContentBearingObject`
Description	The SUMO equivalent of 'InformationBearingObject'.
Super-classes	InformationBearingObject^c

ContentBearingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContentBearingProcess`
Description	The SUMO term for the general event of 'InformationTransferEvent'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

ContentDevelopment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContentDevelopment`
Description	The SUMO approximate equivalent of Cyc 'VisualInformationGeneratingAct'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Contented^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contented

Description

''Contented'' is a more specific subtype of ''Satisfied'' where the agent is satisfied not just with something specific - but with the agent's overall situation, in various aspects.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 'contented' in WordNet:
          1. (3) contented, content - (satisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are;
            'a contented smile')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c

Contentious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contentious

Description

''Contentious'' is an Attribute of two or

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contentious' in Wordnet:
          1. contentious, combative, disputatious, disputative, litigious -
             (inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, 
             even to engage in law suits; 'a style described as abrasive and contentious'; 
             'a disputatious lawyer'; 'a litigious and acrimonious spirit')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Contentment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contentment

Description

Feeling of satisfaction with one's possessions, status, or situation. Appeasement to the point where one is not disquieted or disturbed by a desire for what s/he does not have.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contentment' in WordNet:
          1. contentment - (happiness with one's situation in life)

Super-classes Satisfaction^c
Comfort^c

Contents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contents`
Description	'Contents' represents the entire collection of PhysicalObjects (or some quantity of a substance) in some 'Container'. To instantiate this type, the restriction requires that the container be specified. This is intended to represent all of the objects (or stuff) in some container. `For a ''Contents'' that is a Group of separate ''SolidObject''s, use the subtype ''ContainedObjects''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'content' in WordNet (also 'contents': in WordNet: 1. (12) content - (everything that is included in a collection; 'he emptied the contents of his pockets'; 'the two groups were similar in content')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op some Container^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some ContainerAndContents^c
Sub-classes	ContainedObjects^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallonOfWaterPC1

ContestRank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContestRank`
Description	The ''ContestRank'' is the position from the top (winner) that a contestant holds at the end of a Contest. Lebeled by an ordingal number followed by 'Place' (First Place', 'Second Place'. This is for individuals or teams in a multi-player contest. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ranking' in WordNet: 1. ranking - (position on a scale in relation to others in a sport)`
Super-classes	Rank^c ContestResult^c
Sub-classes	ThirdPlace^c FourthPlace^c FifthPlace^c FirstPlace^c SecondPlace^c

ContestResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContestResult`
Description	A 'ContestResult' is the PersistentState resulting from execution and completion of a contest (game, election) that produces a final outcome, for game usually one or more ranked winners, and a score or performance indication (time for a race, score of a game) `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'result' in WordNet: 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Outcome^c Group^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some Competition^c
Sub-classes	Shutout^c Win^c ContestRank^c

Contestant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contestant`
Description	A 'Contestant' is a Person or GroupOfPeople (such as a Team) who is competing or has competed in a ConflictEvent. NOTE: although ConflictEvents can include conflicts between non-human animals, this type is intended only for humans involved in conflicts (competitions). If it needs to be broadened, a more general parent type should be created. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contestant' in WordNet, and includes sense 1 of 'competitor' (which in the WordNet sense would be subtype of Contestant): in WordNet: 1. (1) contestant - - (a person who participates in competitions) WN 'competitor' 1. (7) rival, challenger, competitor, competition, contender - (the contestant you hope to defeat; 'he had respect for his rivals'; 'he wanted to know what the competition was doing')`
Super-classes	HumanAgent^c
Restrictions	wasaContestantInCompetition^op value Competition^c wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op value Competition^c
Sub-classes	Winner^c Loser^c Athlete^c Competitor^c Finalist^c

Contested^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contested

Description

''Contested'' is the attribute of something that has been the object of a ''ContestingSomething'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contested' in Wordnet:
          1. contested - (disputed or made the object of contention or competition;
                   'a contested election'

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Contester^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contester`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contester' in WordNet: 1. contester - (someone who contests an outcome (of a race or an election etc.))`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ContestingSomething^c

ContestingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContestingSomething`
Description	''ContestingSomething'' is to deny the validity of some Assertion, Opinion, Proposal, or Policy, and perhaps take some action to make the contrary opinion take effect. `THe objects of this Action are too numerous to enumerate. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contest' in WordNet: 1. (3) contest, contend, repugn - (to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation; 'They contested the outcome of the race')`
Super-classes	Opposing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Contester^c
Sub-classes	Disputing^c

Context^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Context`
Description	COSMO: Context is a very general class of entities that can affect the truth of a logical sentence; within any given Context, the factual assertions should all be logically consistent. A Context may be relevant to the internal states and processes of a computational system, or may more generally describe the broad situation in which an Agent finds itself when processing information for the purpose of making a decision. For the latter agent context, the subtype 'SituationalContextComponent' is relevant. A Context can be a time interval, location, belief system, fictional world, theory, hypothetical world, counterfactual situation, segment of text, DatabaseGroup, or the state of our own real world, among other things. Contexts can be nested, combined, or intersected. For example, a Context consisting of a TimeInterval can be intersected with a Context consisting of a ''GeographicalRegion'' to make a Context within with assertions are explicitly true only in that time and place. That does not mean, of course that the assertion cannot be true elsewhere; it just doesn't gurantee truth elsewhere. Every assertion in the COSMO ontology is implicitly true only in the context of the COSMO ontology, which is itself a theory. But that implicit qualification does not appear directly in any asertion - it can be explicitly mentioned if and when COSMO assertions are referenced in other ontologies. The nesting of Contexts provides a mechanism to create a 'lattice' of theories. In a subcontext for any given Context, all the assertions of the parent Context will be true in the subcontext, and additional assertions may also be true. In this respect, a Context is similar to the 'Microtheories' of the Cyc ontology system; it also has some resemblance to the 'Environments' discussed by Ballim and Wilks ('Artifical Believers', Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991). One specialized example of Context is a 'DatabaseGroup'. In a particular Organization, its set of Databases, if intended to represent some consistent group of facts, can be viewed and represented as a Context within which reasoning may be performed. In most cases, a 'Context' will be a set of assertions, which is a description or a theory of something, and those assertions will include terms, and the meanings of those terms will be affected by their inclusion in that particular 'Context'. However, we also want to say that the truth of an assertion depends on the time and place in which it was made or to which it refers; therefore at this point (rev987) we cannot simply model a 'Context' as some collection of assertions. @ToDo - perhaps distinctions can be made among subtypes? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'context' in WordNet: 1. (14) context, linguistic context, context of use - (discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation)
Super-classes	Scope^c
Sub-classes	TimeAndPlace^c Postulate^c SituationalContextComponent^c ControlledEnvironment^c FictionalOrMythologicalContext^c Topic^c DatabaseEntity^c Setting^c Microtheory^c Language^c Scenario^c ComplexContext^c Group^c KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c Suspicion^c Namespace^c Opinion^c PlanContext^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld

ContextType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContextType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Context as one of their arguments. IT can also be used for types for which namespace prefixes would be convenient to label the instances, such as 'AtomicSymbol'..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	BeliefType^c
Members	Idealism PostulatedScenario Semiotics Libertarianism Interpretation Ideal PhilosophicalSchool Teachings ArtificialBiosphere YinAndYang PublicOpinion ControlledEnvironment Suspicion PrevailingOpinion FictionalOrMythologicalContext Superstition Opinion Setting PlanContext PossibleFutureAction PhilosophicalTheory Egalitarianism Context Animism PersonalPhilosopy TimeAndPlace Chimera NaiveRealism UnfavorableOpinion Feminism ChemicalFormula Credo SuspicionOfGuilt Relativism FictionalContext Realism Stereotype AtomicSymbol Multiculturalism Tenet ReligiousDoctrine Belief Scenario Self-Concept Humanitarianism CartoonStrip ScheduledEvent Pluralism

Contextual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contextual

Description

''Contextual'' is a pertaining attribute of the surroundings of something - Event, assertion, Actions, objects - that influence how they can act, how they can be interpreted, how they may influence other things.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contextual' in Wordnet:
       1. contextual - (relating to or determined by or in context; 'contextual information')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Continent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continent`
Description	The PhysicalObject consisting of one of the very large mostly dry masses of land material (with some water bodies in it) that are at and near the surface of the Earth, extending down to the mantle and floating on the mantle, Cyc: A specialization of #$LandTopographicalFeature. The instances of #$Continent on the #$PlanetEarth are the six traditional main land masses on the surface of the earth (plus the two #$geographicalSubRegions of Eurasia, Europe and Asia). The current instances are: #$ContinentOfAfrica, #$ContinentOfAntarctica, #$ContinentOfAsia, #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$ContinentOfEurasia, #$ContinentOfEurope, #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica, #$ContinentOfSouthAmerica. Former instances of this collection include Pangaea and the two continents it broke up into, Gondwanaland and Laurasia (all of which are instances of #$TrueContinent (q.v.)). SUMO: One of the seven largest land masses on earth, viz. Africa, North America, SouthAmerica, Antarctica, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Note that this naming scheme is the one used in the CIA World Factbook. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'continent' in Wordnet: 1. (5) continent - (one of the large landmasses of the earth; 'there are seven continents'; 'pioneers had to cross the continent on foot')
Super-classes	LandMass^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Europe http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Africa http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheNewWorld

ContinentRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContinentRegion`
Description	The GeographicalRegion defined by a Continent. Note that the Continent is the Object, and the ContinentRegion is the region of space. NOTE that 'Oceania' and 'Eurasia' are included as 'continents', as well as the traditional Australia, Europe, and Asia, because some terminologies use them in that manner.
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AustraliaRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheAmericas http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AsiaRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceaniaRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthAmericaRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EurasiaRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EuropeRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthAmericaRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfricaRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntarcticaRegion

Continental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continental

Description

''Continental'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Continent'' and things characteristic of a Continent.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'continental' in Wordnet:
       3. continental - (of or relating to or characteristic of a continent; 
         'the continental divide'; 'continental drift')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Continents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continents`
Description	The PhysicalObject that is a ''Group'' consisting of one or more of the seven recognized ''Continent''s on the Earth.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Continent^c

Contingent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contingent`
Description	'Contingent' includes ;depending on' and 'subject to' as ways to express the notion that some Action will not occur unless some specified condition holds. Mostly for PurposiveActions but possibly applicable to natural Events, as 'the success of the harvest depends on adequate rain'. `RHW adj 'subject': 20. being dependent or conditional upon something (usually fol. by to): His consent is subject to your approval. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'contingent' in Wordnet: 2. contingent, contingent on, dependent on, dependant on, depending on - (determined by conditions or circumstances not yet established; "arms sales contingent on the approval of congress") WN adj 'dependent': 2. (2) dependent, dependant, qualified - (contingent on something else)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Conditional^c

Continually^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continually`
Description	''Continually'' is an adverb modifying an Event that continues without interruption, or repeats seemingly without stopping. `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'continually' in Wordnet: 1. (22) continually - (seemingly without interruption; 'complained continually that there wasn't enough money')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	RoundTheClockly^c Nonstoply^c

Continuant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continuant

Description

  BFO: 'Continuant' appears to include 'COSMO:Object', which is
     something that can participate in a ''SituationProcessEventOrState''.
     However 'color' is an attribute, as is 'mass'  so this is a broader concept
     with no single COSMO equivalent. It is a Union of COSMO concepts:
     Object, AttributeValue, AttributeType

     BFO comment:  Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time 
         in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity 
         and has no temporal parts.
     BFO comment: 'Examples: a heart, a person, the color of a tomato, 
       the mass of a cloud, a symphony orchestra, the disposition of blood to coagulate,
       the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building'

Sub-classes Object^c
DependentContinuant^c

Continuation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continuation`
Description	Continuation is any Event which directly follows temporally another Event of the same type, so that the combination of the Events is also an Event of that type. This notion is related to the notion notion that a homogeneous Event can be decomposed into temporal parts of the same type, In Cyc such Event types are called 'processes' but that term is used in COSMO only for FunctionalProcesses, which are intimately related to but different from Events. Not quite the same as ''StayingInaState'', which is for PersistentStates.. A ''Continuation'' can be for a ''BecomingEvent''. This is for the general 'continue' - the subtypes ''ContinueTalking'' and ''ContinueMoving'' break out distinguishable specific types. NOTE that if there is an intermission in an Event so that the same Process that defines the Event no longer is active during the intermission, and the original Process has ceased for some perceptable time, a following Event of the same type would be a resumption, not a Continuation. @ToDo: The borderline between these types is not well defined. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'continue' and noun sense 1 of 'continuation' and part of verb sense 3 of 'proceed' in WordNet: 1. (149) continue, go on, proceed, go along, keep - (continue a certain state, condition, or activity; 'Keep on working!'; 'We continued to work into the night'; 'Keep smiling'; 'We went on working until well past midnight') WN noun 'continuation': 1. (2) continuance, continuation - (the act of continuing an activity without interruption) WN verb 'proceed': 3. (8) go, proceed, move - (follow a procedure or take a course; 'We should go farther in this matter'; 'She went through a lot of trouble'; 'go about the world in a certain manner'; 'Messages must go through diplomatic channels')
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	Surviving^c Outliving^c Resuming^c Subsisting^c SustainingAnActivity^c ContinueTalking^c Persevering^c
In domain of	isaContinuationOf^op

ContinueMoving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContinueMoving

Description

''ContinueMoving'' is a Continuation of a ''Translocation'' Event.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'continue' in WordNet:
          2. (17) proceed, go forward, continue - (move ahead; travel onward 
            in time or space; 'We proceeded towards Washington'; 
            'She continued in the direction of the hills'; 'We are moving ahead in time now')

Super-classes SustainingAnActivity^c
Translocation^c

ContinueTalking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContinueTalking`
Description	''ContinueTalking'' is a Continuation of a ''Speaking'' Event. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'continue' in WordNet: 2. (39) continue, go on, carry on, proceed - (continue talking; 'I know it's hard,' he continued, 'but there is no choice'; 'carry on-pretend we are not in the room')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c Continuation^c
Sub-classes	Rambling^c

Continued^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continued`
Description	An attribute of Events (including repeating events and PersistentStates) that continue or repeat for some interval of time during which they do not stop or appear to not stop. NOTE: on-and-off actions that area all part of some larger PersistentState are included as characterized by this attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'continued ' and senses 1 and 2 of 'continual' in WordNet: 1. (12) continued - (without stop or interruption; 'to insure the continued success of the war'; 'the continued existence of nationalism'; 'the continued popularity of Westerns') WN adj 'continual': 1. (4) continual - (seemingly without interruption; chiefly restricted to what recurs regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series; 'the continual banging of the shutters') 2. continual - ('continual' (meaning seemingly uninterrupted) is often used interchangeably with 'continuous' (meaning without interruption))
Super-classes	Steady^c
Sub-classes	Uninterrupted^c RoundTheClock^c Nonstop^c

ContinuingInAcceptance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContinuingInAcceptance`
Description	''ContinuingInAcceptance'' is a 'PersistentState'' in which some idea, theory, belief, custom, or other widely shared ''MentalObject'' continues to be considered true by some GroupOfPeople. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prevail' in WordNet: 2. (5) prevail, hold, obtain - (be valid, applicable, or true; "This theory still holds") 2. (5) prevail, hold, obtain - (be valid, applicable, or true; 'This theory still holds')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c RealExistence^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingProcess^op some ProcessType^c

Continuity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continuity`
Description	''Continuity'' is a state in which the Event in focus has the quality ''Continued''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'continuity' in WordNet: 3. continuity, persistence - (the property of a continuous and connected period of time)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Continued^c

ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent`
Description	CYC: A collection of physical contact events in which two or more objects are in physical contact (see #$touches) throughout the event's entire duration.
Super-classes	ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation^c PhysicalContactSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Continued^c
Sub-classes	HoldingAnObject^c

ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalContactSituation each instance of which involves two or more tangible objects touching (see #$touches) continuously throughout the entire duration of the situation. Every #$PhysicalContactSituation has a #$ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation as a (proper or improper) sub-situation (see #$subSituations)
Super-classes	PhysicalContactSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Continued^c
Sub-classes	BeingSupported^c FloatingOnaLiquid^c ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent^c SupportingSomething^c TouchingState^c

Continuum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Continuum`
Description	This type ''Continuum'' represents a Series of things that can be conceptualized as having elements of any type (Event, TimeInterval, AttributeValue) that are adjacent in the sense of nothing can be present between the adjacent elements. The adjacent identified elements may or may not overlap. `There are several subtypes, for each type of thing that forms an element of the series.. RHW 'continuum': 1. a continuous extent, series, or whole. 2. c. any compact, connected set containing at least two elements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'continuum' in WordNet: 1. (2) continuum - (a continuous nonspatial whole or extent or succession in which no part or portion is distinct of distinguishable from adjacent parts)`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	seriesOrderedBy^op value LinearOrderingRelation^c

ContortingTheBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContortingTheBody`
Description	''ContortingTheBody'' is a type of ''Deforming'' in which a person twists the body, notably at the waist, to assume positions that cannot be achieved by ordinary people. This is the skill of a ''Contortionist''. `NOTE that 'contorting' in WN is present only in the synset ' contort, deform, distort, wring', which appears to be transitive and is represented by ''DeformingSomething''. This is intransitive, so that synset does not apply here.`
Super-classes	Deforming^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Contortionist^c

Contortionist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contortionist`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$StagePerformers that twist their bodies into position hard or impossible to reproduce for people who did not receive a specific training. #$Contortionists often perform in a #$Circus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contortionist' in WordNet: 1. contortionist - (an acrobat able to twist into unusual positions)`
Super-classes	Acrobat^c
Restrictions	isSkilledAt^op value ContortingTheBody^c

ContourLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContourLine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contour line' in WordNet: 1. contour, contour line - (a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal height)`
Super-classes	Line^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value ContourMap^c

ContourMap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContourMap`
Description	A ''GeographicMap'' having ''ContourLine''s to show the heights (elevations above sea level)) of the regions depicted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contour map' in WordNet: 1. contour map, relief map - (a map having contour lines through points of equal elevation)`
Super-classes	GeographicMap^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value ContourLine^c

Contraband^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contraband`
Description	'''Contraband'' is any item of 'Merchandise'' that is illegal to import of sell. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contraband' in WordNet: 1. contraband - (goods whose importation or exportation or possession is prohibited by law)`
Super-classes	Merchandise^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Illegal^c

Contraception^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contraception`
Description	NOTE: this form of ''BirthCOntrol'' does not include the 'rhythm method' or abortion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contraception' in WordNet: 1. (4) contraception, contraceptive method - (birth control by the use of devices (diaphragm or intrauterine device or condom) or drugs or surgery)`
Super-classes	BirthControl^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value BecomingPregnant^c

Contraceptive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contraceptive

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contraceptive' in Wordnet:
          1. contraceptive, prophylactic, antifertility - (capable of preventing conception 
             or impregnation; 'contraceptive devices and medications')

Super-classes Preventative^c

ContraceptiveDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContraceptiveDevice`
Description	A ''ContraceptiveDevice'' is a ''Device'' therefore this does not include drugs used for contraception (use ''ContraceptiveDrug''). This includes condoms and 'diaphragms'. `CYC: The collection of #$MedicalDevices that are used by instances of #$Person to prevent instances of #$ReproductiveFertilizationEvent. SUMO: Devices which permit sexual intercourse but which reduce the likelihood of conception. Corresponds to part (for devices) of noun sense 1 of 'contraceptive device' in WordNet: 1. (1) contraceptive, preventive, preventative, contraceptive device, prophylactic device, birth control device - (an agent or device intended to prevent conception)`
Super-classes	Device^c MedicalDevice^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value BecomingPregnant^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Contraception^c
Sub-classes	ContraceptiveDiaphragm^c Condom^c

ContraceptiveDiaphragm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContraceptiveDiaphragm`
Description	A ''ContraceptiveDiaphragm'' is a disk-like piee of rubber designed to be worn inside the vagina, blocking access to the uterus and preventing sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing a woman's ovum. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'diaphragm' in WordNet: 3. diaphragm, pessary, contraceptive diaphragm - (a contraceptive device consisting of a flexible dome-shaped cup made of rubber or plastic; it is filled with spermicide and fitted over the uterine cervix)`
Super-classes	ContraceptiveDevice^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c WearableItem^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Cervix^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HumanSexualIntercourse^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BirthControl^c prevents^op value BecomingPregnant^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value FemalePerson^c

ContraceptiveDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContraceptiveDrug`
Description	A ''ContraceptiveDrug'' is any drugs designed to be used (usually by women, possibly by men) to prevent a woman from ''BecomingPregnant'' as a result of ''HumanSexualIntercourse''. `Corresponds to part (for drugs, or devices) of noun sense 1 of 'contraceptive' in WordNet: 1. (4) contraceptive, preventive, preventative, contraceptive device, prophylactic device, birth control device - (an agent or device intended to prevent conception)`
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c Role^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value BecomingPregnant^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Contraception^c

Contract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contract`
Description	COSMO: A Contract is a MentalObject which is an Agreement and a SpecificationGroup - specifically, a group of specifications of what each of the agreeing parties promised to do. The contract consists of two contingent promises, and the act of contracting creates obligations on the contracting parties. NOTE that the terms of a contract are the 'ContractElement's and as a Group form a 'ObligationGroup', which is one Group representing all the obligations on all parties, and individual groups representing the obligations of individual parties See also: BindingAgreement hasAssocatedObligations ObligationGroup @ToDo: making a contract st of 'agreeing'? Cyc: A collection of agreements. Each instance of #$Contract is a legal agreement in which two or more #$agreeingAgents promise to do (or not do) something. There are legal consequences to breaking the promises made in a contract. COSMO note: This does not necessarily correspond to the abstract text of a document that contains a record of the contgract. The physical contract document is represented as 'ContractDocument'. corresponds to FIBO 'contract. though FIBO does not have it as a subtype of 'agreement' SKOS def; 'A voluntary, deliberate, and legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties. Contracts are usually written but may be spoken or implied, and generally have to do with employment, sale or lease, or tenancy.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contract' in WordNet: 1. (19) contract - (a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law)
Super-classes	Deal^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Obligation^c hasComponentElement^op value ContractElement^c
Sub-classes	LoanContract^c LegalAgreement^c TwoAgentContract^c Subscription^c
In domain of	hasGoverningJurisdiction^op

ContractCounterparty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContractCounterparty`
Description	'ContractCounterparty' is a FIBO subtype of 'PartyInRole' `This is intended to align with the FIBO 'Contract Counterparty': SKOS (FIBO) def: 'A counterparty is the other party that participates in a financial transaction. Every transaction must have a counterparty in order for the transaction to go through. More specifically, every buyer of an asset must be paired up with a seller that is willing to sell and vice versa.'`
Super-classes	PartyToAnAgreement^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	wasaPartyToAgreement^op some Contract^c

ContractDocument^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContractDocument

Description

COSMO: this is the hardcopy document, not the abstract document.

    Cyc:  A specialization of #$TextualMaterial. Each
        instance of this collection is a document which outlines the
        contents of a legally-binding agreement. See also #$LegalDocument.

Super-classes OfficialDocument^c

ContractElement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContractElement`
Description	A 'ContractElement' is a specialization of 'Proviso', being one of the stipulations in a 'Contract'. `Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'contractual element', but as a subtype of 'Proviso' it must in some way specify what is to be done as part of a Contract, and this may be narrower than the FIBO concept: FIBO def: 'Anything which relates to contracts.' SKOS editorial note: 'The concept 'contractual element' does not exist in any dictionary I could find. Can we change this to ContractElement? (efk)'`
Super-classes	Proviso^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some Contract^c

ContractKiller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContractKiller`
Description	CYC: The collection of all professional 'hit' persons, often members of some #$OrganizedCrimeOrganization who are regularly employed in instances of #$MurderForHire. `NOTE: not all 'hit men' are members of ''TheMob'', but most are. Those who are not can be broken out as a category separate from this one if necessary. Corresponds to part (for professional hitmen) of noun sense 1 of 'hit man' in WordNet: 1. gunman, gunslinger, hired gun, gun, gun for hire, triggerman, hit man, hitman, torpedo, shooter - (a professional killer who uses a gun)`
Super-classes	Gunman^c Criminal^c Contractor^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value TheMob^c performsAction^op value HitJob^c

ContractPrincipal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContractPrincipal`
Description	'ContractPrincipal' is a FIBO subtype of 'PartyInRole' `This is intended to align with the FIBO 'Contract Principal': No WN sense is close to this - the following is used in a braoder sense that the gloss indicates. Includes but is broader than noun sense 5 of 'principle' in WordNet: 5. principal, dealer - (the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchange; buys and sells for his own account)`
Super-classes	PartyToAnAgreement^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	wasaPartyToAgreement^op some Contract^c

ContractThirdParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContractThirdParty`
Description	'ContractThirdParty' is a FIBO subtype of 'PartyInRole' `This is intended to align with the FIBO 'Contract Third Party':`
Super-classes	PartyToAnAgreement^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	wasaPartyToAgreement^op some Contract^c

ContractWorker^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContractWorker

Description

A ''ContractWorker'' is a ''Contractor'' who is an individual Person. This is an individual who works on a contract basis, not as a regular employee, in short-term jobs, often less than one day duration. (mowing a lawn, painting a house, paving a driveway).

      For a Company that performs the same work use parent ''Contractor''

Super-classes Contractor^c
Worker^c

Contracting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contracting`
Description	''Contracting'' is a subAttribute of ''Decreasing'' for things Object that are becoming smaller in some quantitatively measurable sense of 'size'. This sense should be used for Objects whose length is decreasing.
Super-classes	Decreasing^c

ContractingAgents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContractingAgents`
Description	Each Group of ''ContractingAgents'' includes all the IntelligentAgents who agree to and are obligated by a Contract.
Super-classes	AgentGroup^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only LegalAgent^c

Contraction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contraction`
Description	An 'DecreaseEvent' in which something decreases in some measure of size (for PhysicalObjects the volume or length); for abstract objects, the decrease could be in scope, or area (e.g. of a GeopoliticalEntity) or (for example) reducing the number of pixels in an AbstractImage - not physical 'size'. Includes transitive and intransitive senses. NOTE that an intentional Action taken to make something smaller is a ''Reduction''. Includes verb senses 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,and 9 of 'contract' in WordNet: 3. (2) compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract, press - (squeeze or press together; 'she compressed her lips'; 'the spasm contracted the muscle') 4. (2) shrink, contract - (become smaller or draw together; 'The fabric shrank'; 'The balloon shrank') 6. contract - (make smaller; 'The heat contracted the woollen garment') 7. condense, concentrate, contract - (compress or concentrate; 'Congress condensed the three-year plan into a six-month plan') 8. narrow, contract - (make or become more narrow or restricted; 'The selection was narrowed'; 'The road narrowed') 9. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce - (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; 'The manuscript must be shortened') WN noun 'contraction': 4. contraction - (the act of decreasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope)
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Expanding^c
Sub-classes	Abridging^c Shortening^c ShrinkingEvent^c

Contractor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contractor`
Description	A 'Contractor'' is a ''Worker'' who performs paid work under contract, as contrasted with working for a salary. The two types of work can be performed by the same person in the same tme interval, but not usually simultaneously. `This is for anyone working under contract. The WN gloss is for construction contractors (building contractors). @db1421 NOTE that a ''Worker'' is human, but a 'Contractor'' can be an Organization. Therefore ''GenericWorker'' was created to generalize agents who can get paid for work. For individual 'conntractors' use ''ContractWorker' Include but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'contractor' in WordNet: 1. (5) contractor - (someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things)`
Super-classes	GenericWorker^c IntelligentAgent^c ServiceProvider^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some WorkingUnderContract^c wasHiredByAgreement^op some EngagingaWorker^c
Sub-classes	ContractWorker^c ContractKiller^c

Contractual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contractual

Description

''Contractual'' pertains to ''Contract''s and things that appear in or are required by a Contract.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contractual' in Wordnet:
             1. (4) contractual - (relating to or part of 
                 a binding legal agreement; 'contractual obligations')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Contradiction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contradiction`
Description	A ''Contradiction'' is a ''PropositionGroup'' that is ''LogicallyContradictory''. The subtype ''Paradox'' is often used for linguistic statements that contain two contradictory statements. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'contradiction' in WordNet: 2. (1) contradiction, contradiction in terms - ((logic) a statement that is necessarily false; 'the statement 'he is brave and he is not brave' is a contradiction')`
Super-classes	Group^c PropositionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LogicallyContradictory^c
Sub-classes	Paradox^c

Contrail^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contrail

Description

The word 'contrail' was coined in 1943 to refer to the CONdensation TRAIL (water vapor) left by a jet or rocket flying at high altitude.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contrail' in WordNet:
          1. contrail, condensation trail - (an artificial cloud
             created by an aircraft; caused either by condensation 
             due to the reduction in air pressure above the wing surface 
             or by water vapor in the engine exhaust)

Super-classes Cloud^c

Contrary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contrary

Description

''Contrary'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that conflict with something desired by another person or mandated by a Rule; or of assertions that contradict another Assertion - the two Assertions each being 'contrary' to each other.

    The symmetrical relation "contradicts" can be applied to 'contrary' assertions.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contrary' in Wordnet:
         1. (5) contrary - (very opposed in nature or character or purpose; 
           'acts contrary to our code of ethics'; 'the facts point to a contrary conclusion')

Super-classes Opposed^c

Contrast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contrast`
Description	A ''Contrast'' is a ''Comparison'' (A ''LinguisticAssertion'') that specifies how two different things are opposed or have opposed attributes. `To specify directly that thigs differ in some attribute, an instance of state ''BeingDifferent'' can be used, with the difference being specified there. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contrast' in WordNet: 1. (23) contrast, direct contrast - (the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; 'in contrast to', 'by contrast')`
Super-classes	AttributeComparison^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ContrastingThings^c

Contrasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contrasting`
Description	''Contrasting'' is a subtype of 'Different' characterizing some Group (often a Pair) of entities that are not only different, but have some attribute(s) that differ saliently or strikingly. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contrasting' in Wordnet: 1. (1) contrasting, contrastive - (strikingly different; tending to contrast; 'contrasting (or contrastive) colors')`
Super-classes	Different^c
Sub-classes	QualitativelyOpposite^c Conflicting^c

ContrastingPatchOfSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContrastingPatchOfSurface`
Description	A portion of a surface that visibly contrasts in some way with the area around it. This is the physical object comprising that part of the surface. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'patch' and sense 4 of 'spot' (referring to surfaces, not to 3-D regions such as clouds) in WordNet: 1. (7) spot, speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation - (a small contrasting part of something; 'a bald spot'; 'a leopard's spots'; 'a patch of clouds'; 'patches of thin ice'; 'a fleck of red')`
Super-classes	SurfacePortion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c

ContrastingThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContrastingThings`
Description	''Contrasting'' is a transitive Action in which two or some small number of the elements of some Group are shown to have opposing qualities or attributes.. `See also ''BeingContrasting'' - the intransitive state. see also 'contrastsWith'' relation between contrasting things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contrast' in WordNet: 1. (7) contrast - (put in opposition to show or emphasize differences; 'The middle school teacher contrasted her best student's work with that of her weakest student')`
Super-classes	Distinguishing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Clashing^c produces^op value Contrast^c

ContributingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ContributingSomething`
Description	'ContributingSomething' is an Action in which an agent gives something valuable, concrete or abstract, to some other agent for the benefit of the other agent and not expecting any ''ValuableThing'' in return (maybe just thanks or recognition). This can be a contribution of personal time, secret or proprietary information, physical labor, money, valuable rights, or property. This includes what people do when they 'volunteer' for a charity. This includes what co-authors do when they 'contribute' some part of a work to be published. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'contribute' in WordNet: 2. (25) contribute, give, chip in, kick in - (contribute to some cause; 'I gave at the office')`
Super-classes	GivingSomethingAbstract^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Contributor^c hadThingTransferred^op some ValuableThing^c
Sub-classes	Donating^c

Contributor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contributor`
Description	A ''Contributor'' is an agent that performs some act of .''ContributingSomething'' without direct compensation. (professional authors would not be examples). `Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'contributor' in WordNet (these senses can be distinguished as subtypes,but professonal authors are not included): in WordNet: 1. (1) subscriber, contributor - (someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money) 2. (1) contributor - (a writer whose work is published in a newspaper or magazine or as part of a book)`
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c LegalAgent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some ContributingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Donor^c

ControlBar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlBar`
Description	A ''ControlBar'' is a small HandSized rigid solid object manipulated by hand to control the movements of a ''Marionette'' suspended from it by a groop of strings. It can be linear or in the shape of a 'cross'. `Such objects might be used for other (as yet unidentified) purposes.`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Marionette^c

ControlButton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlButton`
Description	A ControlButton is a Button on a ''ElectricDevice'' that controls some part of the functionality of that device, and is operated by pushing it. Any kind of controlling butt - the button on a TV remote control or on a touch-tone phone or on any electrical device is a ControlButton, and a whole 'remote control' itself is also a ControlDevice. `Any ''ControlButton''s that are mechanical rather than electrical, will have to be represented elsewhere (not done rev1279) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'button' in WordNet: 2. (6) push button, push, button - (an electrical switch operated by pressing; 'the elevator was operated by push buttons'; 'the push beside the bed operated a buzzer at the desk')`
Super-classes	ElectricalSwitch^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isOperatedByAction^op value PressingWithaFinger^c
Sub-classes	On-OffButton^c Doorbell^c

ControlDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlDevice`
Description	COSMO note: A ControlDevice can be part of a Device that is part another device. In particular, a ControlDevice can be part of another ControlDevice. This is a very general concept. NOTE in the restriction, a ''ControlDevice'' can control another device (directly) or, indirectly, some AttributeValue of an Object or process. For example,a ''Thermostat' can control a ''HeatingDevice'', and indirectly control temperature. Cyc: #$ControlDevice is a specialization of #$ControlStructure-Physical and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$ControlDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to control the behavior/functioning/properties of another thing (usually another instance of #$PhysicalDevice). Obvious instances of #$ControlDevice include: the remote control for one's TV (an instance of #$RemoteControlDevice), the brake pedal on one's car (an instance of #$Pedal-ControlDevice), the light switch on one's bedroom wall (an instance of #$ElectricalSwitch); a less obvious instance of #$ControlDevice is #$HooverDam (an instance of #$Dam). Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'controller' in WordNet: 3. control, controller - (a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine; 'the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly'; 'I turned the controls over to her')
Super-classes	Device^c ControlStructure-Physical^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Device^c controls^op some (DeviceType^c or Device^c or AttributeValueType^c or AttributeValue^c or AttributeTypeType^c)
Sub-classes	ElectricalSwitch^c AnimalControlDevice^c FlowRegulator^c ControlLever^c RegulatorDevice^c DeviceDial^c TriggeringMechanism^c VehicleController^c RemoteControlDevice^c

ControlLever^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlLever`
Description	A ''ControlLever'' is a short ''Rod'' fixed to a ''Device'' with one end that can be moved by hand so as to cause some Action by the Device, by transmitting that motion to some internal part of the Device.
Super-classes	Rod^c Lever^c ControlDevice^c
Restrictions	controls^op some (DeviceType^c or Device^c)
Sub-classes	AirplaneJoystick^c ComputerJoystick^c

ControlOverOthers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlOverOthers`
Description	''ControlOverOthers'' is some form of ''Restraint'' on the actions of one agent by another agent. This can be performed by any ''IntentionalAgent'' including ''NonHumanAnmal''s and Automatons. @ToDo (Rev1329) relations to ''Authority''' and related types - needs to be added Relations on "ControllingAnAgent Authority = Role of agent who can control has ControllingAuthority/ performs ''BeingInControl'' ''ControllingAuthority'' (authority to control/ SocialPower) = Capability of ''ControllingAnAgent'' Authority performs = ''BeingInControl'' (state/status of having ''ControllingAuthority'' Authority performs = ControllingAnAgent (''Action'' of exercising control over an agent) Abilty to restrain, ability to ''ControllingAnAgent'' Coresponds to noun sense 5 of 'control' in WordNet: 5. (5) control - (the activity of managing or exerting control over something; 'the control of the mob by the police was admirable')
Super-classes	InfluencingAnAgent^c KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c ControllingSomething^c
Sub-classes	ForeignControl^c ControllingAnAgent^c

ControlStructure-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlStructure-Physical`
Description	CYC: The collection of all physical control structures. An instance of #$ControlStructure-Physical is a physical object (#$PartiallyTangible) with the #$behaviorCapable of controling the behavior/functioning/properties of another physical object. Instances of #$ControlDevice include manufactured #$ControlDevices and biological control structures.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Valve^c ControlDevice^c

Controllable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Controllable

Description

This type ''Controllable''is for Devices and DeviceTypes. Controllable animals or events would be a different attribute.

      NOTE: this WN sysnset if the only sense of 'controllable in WN.
        The

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'controllable' in Wordnet:
         1. controllable, governable - (capable of being controlled)

Super-classes Manageable^c

Controlled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Controlled`
Description	''Controlled'' is an AttributeValue of an Object or Event that experienced and continues to experience ''CotrollingSomething''. The relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' usually refers to past actions and the result of things that resulted from an Event, but although ''Controlled'' refer to things continuing to experience controlling, it also implies that at least part of the 'ontrolling' was in the past (this does not refer to future actions). So the ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' relation is not completely misleading. `NOTE that sense 1 is the sense for a ''ControlledFire''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'controlled' in Wordnet: 1. (6) controlled - (restrained or managed or kept within certain bounds; 'controlled emotions'; 'the controlled release of water from reservoirs') 2. controlled, restricted - (curbed or regulated; 'controlled emotions')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Colonized^c Managed^c GovermentControlled^c

ControlledEnvironment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlledEnvironment`
Description	A ''ControlledEnvironment'' is an artifactual ''Environment-Generic'' that is a ''ContainerAndContents'' designed to permit some form of activity under controlled conditions such as the temperature, pressure, and composition of the air or other gaseoous 'atmosphere', and the presence or absence of certain types of 'LifeForm''s, such as bacteria or insects or animals or plants. This type of Object is intended to allow studies or experiments of phenomena that may depend for their outcome on the specific conditions under which the events take place. This usually is but may not be an ''ExperimentalFacility'', since a medical facility may have a ''ControlledEnvironment'' for isolating and treating patients with a highly communicable disease.
Super-classes	ContainerAndContents^c Context^c Chamber^c Environment-Generic^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ControllingAnAnvironment^c
Sub-classes	ArtificialBiosphere^c

ControlledFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlledFire`
Description	A Fire that is deliberately set by an IntelligentAgent and is kept under control by some means. Fires such as ''Campfire''s or those in ''Fireplace''s or furnaces or ''Firebox''es or oil burners are examples - the latter, even though automatic, are considered to be controlled by the action of the person who turns on the oil burner. A ''ControlledFire'' ''hasIntendedPrimaryFunction'' of ''HeatingSomething'' which includes warming people (as a ''Campfire'' or ''Fireplace'') or ''CookingFood'', or ''BoilingWater''. (Fire suppression 'heats) to the point of combustion). `A controlled fire in a forest for fire suppression is also a subtype. NOTE that this is a borderline case of 'PurposefulAction', since the Agent's acting occurs often only at the beginning of the event, especially with automatic cases like oil burners. @ToDo: At some point it may be necessary to distinguish the Action of setting up an Event from the continuation of the Event that requires no further active participation of a 'IntentionalAgent'.`
Super-classes	Fire^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedPrimaryFunction^op value HeatingSomething^c wasCausedBy^op some PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	Campfire^c Bonfire^c

ControlledLand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlledLand`
Description	A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Each instance of #$ControlledLand is a geopolitical entity that is at least partially controlled by some other instance of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Furthermore, the instance of #$ControlledLand is not a geopolitical sub-division (see the predicate #$geopoliticalSubdivisions) of the power that controls it. Instances of #$GeopoliticalEntity include #$PuertoRico, #$Bermuda, #$Guadeloupe-TheDependency, #$Tibet. `This is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' - a ''GeographicalAgent'', not a PhysicalObject.`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c
Sub-classes	Protectorate^c Dominion^c DrainageBasin^c ColonyArea^c

ControlledSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControlledSubstance`
Description	Being 'controlled' may be limited in use, or outright illegal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'controlled substance' in WordNet: 1. controlled substance - (a drug or chemical substance whose possession and use are controlled by law)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Restricted^c
Sub-classes	IllegalDrug^c

Controlling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Controlling`
Description	''Controlling'' is the attribute pertaining to anything that is the agent of a ''ControllingSomething'' (or of its subtypes) action . `Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'controlling' in WordNet: 1. controlling - (able to control or determine policy; 'a controlling interest in the firm')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Regulatory^c

ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingAPhysicalDevice`
Description	This is the subcollection of actions of #$ControllingSomething in which the #$objectControlled is a #$PhysicalDevice.
Super-classes	ControllingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (DeviceType^c or Device^c)
Sub-classes	TransportationServiceEvent^c Injecting^c DirectingTheCourse^c HandlingADevice^c UsingADevice^c Infusing-Medical^c Crocheting^c Pouring^c Sewing^c Loading^c Knitting^c Plowing^c PolishingShoes^c Skateboarding^c InfusingaLiquid^c

ControllingATransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingATransportationDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of events; a subset of #$HandlingADevice. Every instance of #$ControllingATransportationDevice represents some action of an #$Agent-Generic in controlling an object which plays the role of #$transporter (q.v.) in some instance of #$TransportationEvent. The transporter could be an automobile, an airplane, a bicycle, a wheelchair, etc. Instances of #$ControllingATransportationDevice include the individual actions which are involved in controlling the direction and speed of a #$transporter, e.g., such actions as pressing buttons, moving levers, and depressing pedals. Elements of #$ControllingATransportationDevice are not the gross actual movement, trajectory etc. of the transporter, and thus not elements of #$TransportationEvent. Of course a successful #$ControllingATransportationDevice event will generally mean that there was some successful #$TransportationEvent too! I.e., if you successfully control the direction and speed of a car for a while, then presumably there was a transportation event in which that car transported you somewhere. And the various sub-events of the #$ControllingATransportationDevice event can also be considered sub-events of that #$TransportationEvent - in fact, the entire #$ControllingATransportationDevice event can be considered a sub-event of that #$TransportationEvent. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drive' in WordNet; the subtype 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' is included here: in WordNet: 1. (56) drive - (operate or control a vehicle; 'drive a car or bus'; 'Can you drive this four-wheel truck?')`
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c DirectingTheCourse^c
Sub-classes	Sailing^c DrivingaRoadVehicle^c SteeringaShip^c SteeringaRoadVehicle^c PilotingAnAirplane^c

ControllingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingAnAgent`
Description	Actions in which one ''Authority'' (an ''IntelligentAgent'') controls the actions of another Agent(s), by any means, including threats or by right of supervisory position, or making rules. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'control' and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'dominate' in WordNet: 1. (28) control, command - (exercise authoritative control or power over; 'control the budget'; 'Command the military forces') WN verb 'dominate': 2. (6) dominate - (be in control; 'Her husband completely dominates her') 3. (6) dominate, master - (have dominance or the power to defeat over; 'Her pain completely mastered her'; 'The methods can master the problems') WN noun 'domination': 1. (6) domination - (social control by dominating)
Super-classes	ControlOverOthers^c DominatingSomething^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op only Authority^c
Sub-classes	DirectingAnAgent^c Colonialism^c RegulatingBehavior^c ControllingaCorporation^c Repression^c SelfControl^c Ordering^c

ControllingAnAnvironment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingAnAnvironment`
Description	''ControllingAnAnvironment'' is the Action (which can be a ''PersistentState'') of maintaining the conditions in some ''ControlledEnvironment'' (enclosed spcace with objects and an atmosphere) within certain predefined parameters, such as pressure and composition of the atmosphere..
Super-classes	ControllingSomething^c PurposefulAction^c ActingOnSomething^c
Restrictions	controls^op value ControlledEnvironment^c controls^op value EnvironmentalCondition^c

ControllingAuthority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingAuthority`
Description	The attributeValue ''ControllingAuthority'' is the ability possessed by an ''Authority'', an agent who performs ''BeingInControl'' and who can perform ''ControllingAnAgent'' in some situations. Relations on ControllingAnAgent Authority = Role of agent who can control has ControllingAuthority/ performs ''BeingInControl'' ''ControllingAuthority'' (authority to control/ SocialPower) = Capability of ''ControllingAnAgent'' Authority performs = ''BeingInControl'' (state/status of having ''ControllingAuthority'' Authority performs = ControllingAnAgent (''Action'' of exercising control over an agent) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authority' in WordNet: 1. (18) authority, authorization, authorisation, potency, dominance, say-so - (the power or right to give orders or make decisions; 'he has the authority to issue warrants'; 'deputies are given authorization to make arrests'; 'a place of potency in the state')
Super-classes	SocialPower^c
Restrictions	isaCapabilityOf^op value Authority^c isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value ControllingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Jurisdiction-Authority^c

ControllingInterest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingInterest`
Description	A ''ControllingInterest'' is a ''FinancialInterest'' in some ''CommercialOrganization'' sufficient to control the activities of that company. This is commonly a majority of shares of joint stock companies, but some issues of stock do not provide simple majority control of the company. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'controlling interest' in WordNet: 1. controlling interest - (ownership of more than 50% of a corporation's voting shares)`
Super-classes	FinancialInterest^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op only Buyout^c hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c

ControllingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingSomething`
Description	COSMO note: ControllingSomething is the broadest sense of 'cpontrol', used when none of the subtypes seems approprate. This includes controlling in the sense of managing or directing the actions of other agents (see the subtype ''Guiding''), and 'controlling' actions of inanimate objects,whether by a person (operating a device) or by some natural process (one biochemcal controlling the functioning of a cell or other biochemical system). This type references the Cyc, but has a broader meaning. In Cyc the subtypes are mostly for controlling inanimate objects. It appears to be closely similar to the SUMO : Guiding': SUMO: 'Guiding' (subtype of IntentionalProcess) Any IntentionalProcess where the agent tries to direct the behavior of another Object, whether an Agent or not. Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction (q.v.). Each instance of #$ControllingSomething is a purposeful physical action in which an agent intentionally controls an object (i.e. instance of #$SomethingExisting). It is not necessary that the agent touch the object being controlled (see #$objectControlled), only that s/he exercise control over some of its movements, functioning, or actions. Specializations of #$ControllingSomething include #$GuidingAMovingObject (some instances of which involve a #$RemoteControlDevice), #$HandlingAnObject, #$Braking, #$SteeringADeviceByHand, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, #$CuttingFabric, #$CarryingWhileLocomoting, and #$FlushingAToilet. When a #$ControlDevice (q.v.) is being used by an agent for its primary function, a #$ControllingSomething event is typically taking place. Includes verb senses 1, and 3 and non sense 2 of 'control' in WordNet: 1. (28) control, command - (exercise authoritative control or power over; 'control the budget'; 'Command the military forces') 3. (7) operate, control - (handle and cause to function; 'do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol'; 'control the lever') WN noun 'control': 2. (17) control - (a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; 'measures for the control of disease'; 'they instituted controls over drinking on campus')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Sub-classes	StoringElectricalCharge^c Dragging^c DialingaTelephone^c InstallingSomething^c Containment^c GuidingSomething^c StorageOfSomething^c Enculturation^c DirectedTranslation^c CastingaSpell^c Presiding^c HoldingOnToAnObject^c Leading^c HoldingAnEvent^c MaterialHandling^c Compelling^c ControllingAnAnvironment^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c ControlOverOthers^c ControllingTiming^c

ControllingTiming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingTiming

Description

''ControllingTiming'' is the act or series of acts by which an Agent determines the TimePoint, or rate, or frequency at which some Event or series of Events occur.

     Thi will normally be performed acording to some Plan,and could be
     an Execution of a Plan,but it could also occur on the spur of
     the moment (played by ear) so is not necessarily such an Execution


        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'timing' in WordNet:
          2. timing - (the regulation of occurrence, pace, or coordination 
            to achieve a desired effect (as in music, theater, athletics, mechanics))

Super-classes ControllingSomething^c

ControllingaCorporation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingaCorporation`
Description	''ControllingaCorporation'' is a ''ControllingAnAgent'' by some Person or GroupOfPeople who own a ''ControllingInterest' in that Corporation. The control may be exercised through a Board Of Directors.
Super-classes	ControllingAnAgent^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Buyout^c controls^op value CommercialOrganization^c isPerformedBy^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or AgentType^c)

ControllingaProblem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ControllingaProblem`
Description	''ControllingaProblem'' is an Action in which a ''Person'' takes some action to controls or solve a ''ProblemSituation''. `"Controllable"`
Super-classes	CopingWithaSituation^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value ProblemSituation^c wasaResponseToEvent^op value ProblemSituation^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value SolvingaProblem^c

Controversial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Controversial`
Description	''Controversial'' is a level of credibility that is ''Debatable' and applies to some assertion that can or does cause controversy. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'controversial' in WordNet: 1. (1) controversial - (marked by or capable of arousing controversy; 'the issue of the death penalty is highly controversial'; 'Rushdie's controversial book'; 'a controversial decision on affirmative action')`
Super-classes	Debatable^c TruthValue^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.5^c

Contumely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Contumely`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contumely' in WordNet: 1. abuse, insult, revilement, contumely, vilification - (a rude expression intended to offend or hurt; 'when a student made a stupid mistake he spared them no abuse'; 'they yelled insults at the visiting team')`
Super-classes	DisrespectfulComment^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value VerballyAbusingSomeone^c
Sub-classes	Vituperation^c

Convenience^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convenience

Description

''Convenience'' is a Quality that takes qualitative attributes as values, in particular 'Convenient' or 'Inconvenient'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'convenience' in WordNet:
      2. (1) convenience - (the quality of being useful and convenient;
       'they offered the convenience of an installment plan')

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

ConvenienceFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvenienceFood`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convenience food' in WordNet: 1. convenience food - (any packaged dish or food that can be prepared quickly and easily as by thawing or heating)`
Super-classes	SolidFood^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value EasyToUse^c
Sub-classes	TVdinner^c TakeoutFood^c

ConvenienceState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvenienceState`
Description	''ConvenienceState'' is a PersistentState in which doing the things one wants to do is relatively easier than the more common state. A state in which something - of any type - or some combination of things makes it easier for a ''IntentionalAgent'' to do something desired. `Having things one wants to use being conveniently close is one example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convenience' in WordNet: 1. (5) convenience - (the state of being suitable or opportune; 'chairs arranged for his own convenience')`
Super-classes	BeingSuitable^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Convenient^c
Sub-classes	BankingConvenience^c

Convenient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convenient`
Description	This includes three subsenses: Appropriate to the occasion because it is either (1) easy to do (actions) - use EasyToDo or (2) or easy to use (objects or places). Something may be easy to use simply because it is nearby : e,g, 'a convenient grocery store'; (3) nearby is a subsense of (2). (same as 'a conveniently located grocery store'). See also the somewhat related 'Practical': some things may be Practical because they use Convenient resources - but @ToDo the relation between 'Practical' and 'convenient' has not been formalized as of rev817. NOTE: ''Convenience'' is a supertype of ''BeingSuitable'' but ''Suitable'' is a supertype of ''Convenient''. This is due to the definition of ''BeingSuitable'' - the labels may need reconsideration. There are two senses of 'convenient' in RHW: 1. suitable or agreeable to the needs or purpose; well-suited with respect to facility or ease in use; favorable, easy, or comfortable for use. 2. at hand; easily accessible: Their house is convenient to all transportation. There are two non-archaic senses of 'convenient' in WordNet: 1. (18) convenient - (suited to your comfort or purpose or needs; 'a convenient excuse for not going') 2. (3) convenient, handy, ready to hand - (easy to reach; 'found a handy spot for the can opener') 3. commodious, convenient - (large and roomy ('convenient' is archaic in this sense); 'a commodious harbor'; 'a commodious building suitable for conventions') WN adj 'at hand': 1. (5) at hand, close at hand - (close in space; within reach; 'the town is close at hand')
Super-classes	Suitable^c
Sub-classes	EasyToUse^c EasyToDo^c

Conveniently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conveniently

Description

''Conveniently'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an attribute relating to an Action and asserts that performing that Action is ''Convenient'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'conveniently' in Wordnet:
         1. (5) handily, conveniently - (in a convenient manner;
                   "the switch was conveniently located")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Convening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convening`
Description	Each ''Convening'' is a 'GatheringTogether' resulting from a ''ConveningaGroup'', a call from some 'convener' to atend a ''Convention'', a formal type of''Meeting'' with people from multiple locations. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'convene' (for large gatherings) in WordNet: 1. (2) convene - (meet formally; 'The council convened last week') WN 'convening': 5. convention, convening - (the act of convening)`
Super-classes	GatheringTogether^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Convention^c isCausedBy^op value ConveningaGroup^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some GroupOfPeople^c

ConveningaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConveningaGroup`
Description	''ConveningaGroup'' is a ''SummoningSomeone'' in which the audience of the communication is a ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople''. `A successful ''ConveningaGroup'' will cause a ''Convening'' of some Group, who together perform a ''Convention'' , a formal type of''meeting'' with people from multiple locations. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'convene' in WordNet: 2. convoke, convene - (call together; 'The students were convened in the auditorium')`
Super-classes	SummoningSomeone^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c causes^op value Convening^c

Convent-Residence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convent-Residence`
Description	CYC: A building where nuns live. NOTE: at one time this could also refer to a place where monks live. But not recently. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convent' in WordNet: 1. (1) convent - (a religious residence especially for nuns)`
Super-classes	Residence^c ReligiousBuilding^c
Sub-classes	Nunnery^c

Convention^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convention`
Description	A ''Convention'' is a large ''Conference'' bringing together people from widely dispersed locations. It can be ''Regional'', ''National'' or ''International''. This type of conference is preceded and caused by ''Convening'' (the people coming together from different locations) which in turn is caused by ''ConveningaGroup'' (sending out notices of the planned ''Convention''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convention' in WordNet: 1. (4) convention - (a large formal assembly; 'political convention')`
Super-classes	Conference^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Regional^c isCausedBy^op value Convening^c

Conventional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conventional`
Description	'Conventional' is an attribute value of Actions that occur according to some predetermined or customary manner. This AttributeValue includes part of the meaning of words such as 'normal', 'typical', 'traditional', and 'regular', but does not include the notion of recurrance at fixed time intervals - for that concept, use 'Regular' or a subtype of 'Regular'. For objects that are 'regular' in the sense of having a structure of conventional or standardized form, use 'Standardized'. This is the opposite of 'Unusual' @ToDo: NOTE: 'Conventional' may be assigned to some activity to express the notion that it occurs at some fixed time of day, or day of the month; such an activity may also be 'RegularlyScheduled', and will then have both attributes: 'Conventional' and 'RegularlyScheduled'. The distinction is that some activity may be 'RegularlyScheduled' in the sense of occuring every week, but may not be held on the same day of every week or at the same time of day; conversely, an activity may be typically held at a perticular time of day, but may not occur at fixed time intervals. More specific subtypes of 'Conventional' may be needed to express such nuances. Thus 'regular bedtime' and 'usual bedtime' and 'normal bedtime' all have the attribute 'Conventional'. For activities that occur at a particular time (of day, day of the week) and also recur at fixed time intervals, use 'OccurringAtaFixedTime'. This attribute value includes the parts referring to manner of performing actions and not referring to time recurrance of senses 1, 3, 6 and 12 of 'regular', sense 1 of 'conforming', part of sense 1 of 'normal' and part of sense 1 of 'usual' and adjective senses 1, 2, and 6 of 'conventional' in WordNet; note that sense 6 of 'regular' may be interpreted as either 'occurring at fixed time intervals' or 'being performed in a fixed manner'; this type represents only the latter interpretation, which includes being performed at a fixed time of day. in WordNet: 1. (17) regular - (in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle; 'his regular calls on his customers'; 'regular meals'; 'regular duties') 3. (8) regular - (conforming to a standard or pattern; 'following the regular procedure of the legislature'; 'a regular electrical outlet') 6. (2) regular - (in accord with regular practice or procedure; 'took his regular morning walk'; 'her regular bedtime') 12. regular - (not deviating from what is normal; 'her regular bedtime') WN adj 'conforming' 1. conforming, conformist - (adhering to established customs or doctrines (especially in religion)) WN 'usual': 1. (29) usual - (occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; 'grew the usual vegetables'; 'the usual summer heat'; 'came at the usual time'; 'the child's usual bedtime') WN adj 'conventional': 1. (12) conventional - (following accepted customs and proprieties; 'conventional wisdom'; 'she had strayed from the path of conventional behavior'; 'conventional forms of address') 2. (2) conventional, established - (conforming with accepted standards; 'a conventional view of the world') 6. (1) conventional - (in accord with or being a tradition or practice accepted from the past; 'a conventional church wedding with the bride in traditional white'; 'the conventional handshake')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OccurringAtaFixedTime^c Normal^c

Converging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Converging`
Description	Each 'Converging' is an Event (including a PersistentState) in which two or more Objects (Physical or abstract) either move so as to arrive at the same point or are (for long and thin Objects) are aligned in a way that some part of each object is located at the same place. This is a broad use of 'converge' to cover several more specific meanings. For alignment of ''LongAndThinThing''s (lines, roads, construction beams) use subtype ''Intersecting''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'converge' in WordNet: 1. (1) converge, meet - (be adjacent or come together; 'The lines converge at this point') WN noun 'convergence': 1. convergence - (the occurrence of two or more things coming together)`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	Intersecting^c ComingTogether^c

Conversation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conversation`
Description	Generic 'Conversation' is a Communication between two or more IntelligentAgents that occurs with little time lag between sending and receipt of each unit Communication, and the expectation that each unit Communication from one Agent will receive a response after a brief interval from one of the other parties to the conversation. In COSMO, unlike in Cyc, this general concept is not necessarily performed via speech acts, but can be accomplished by sign language, by writing on paper in the presence of another, by texting,over modern cell phones, by instant messaging, or by rapid exchange of emails among two or more parties who are all on-line at the same time, or by any other means of rapid, real-time communication. For purely oral conversation, use 'OralConversation'. Cyc: Every #$Conversation includes at least two #$CommunicationAct-Single as #$subEvents, with the #$senderOfInfo in one being the #$recipientOfInfo in the other. Includes nouns sense 1 of 'conversation' and noun sense 1 of 'talk' and verb sense 1 of 'converse' in WordNet: 1. (20) conversation - (the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.) WN 'talk': 1. (12) talk, talking - (an exchange of ideas via conversation; 'let's have more work and less talk around here') WN verb 'converse' 1. (5) converse, discourse - (carry on a conversation)
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c HumanActivity^c UsingALanguage^c MultiDirectionalCommunication^c Interaction^c
Sub-classes	Meeting^c Discussion^c TelephoneConversation^c OralConversation^c

Conversational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conversational

Description

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conversational' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) colloquial, conversational - (characteristic of 
              informal spoken language or conversation; 'wrote her letters in a colloquial style';
              'the broken syntax and casual enunciation of conversational English')

Super-classes Informal^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Conversely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conversely

Description

''Conversely'' is an AdverbialModifier that indicates that two elements in the focus of the discussion are, in the following phrase, in opposite order to what they were in the preceding phrase in focus.

      This is used in various ways - hard to pin down logically at this point

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'conversely' in WordNet:
         1. (6) conversely - (with the terms of the relation reversed;
            'conversely, not all women are mothers')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Converted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Converted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exchanged' in Wordnet: 1. exchanged - (changed for (replaced by) something different)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Convertible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convertible

Description

''Convertible'' is the attribute of Objects that can be reversibly converted (changed) from one shape or configuration to another.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'convertible' in Wordnet:
         2. convertible - (designed to be changed from one use or form to another;
            'a convertible sofa'; 'a convertible coupe')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ConvertibleCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertibleCar`
Description	`Needs more detail - about the top. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convertible' in WordNet: 1. (2) convertible - (a car that has top that can be folded or removed)`
Super-classes	Automobile^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Convertible^c

ConvertibleSecurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertibleSecurity`
Description	The conversion of these securities may not be reversible. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convertible security' in WordNet: 1. convertible, convertible security - (a corporate security (usually bonds or preferred stock) that can be exchanged for another form of security (usually common stock))`
Super-classes	FinancialSecurity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op only Exchangeable^c

ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound`
Description	''ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound'' is a ''ConvertingEnergyForms'' in which some ''Electricity'' is converted into some other form.''Sound'' The 'input' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''hadObjectModified'' The 'output' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''produced''. "WindEnergy" "energy" This includes the action of controlling the transduction as well as the transduction process itself. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transduce' in WordNet: 1. transduce - (cause transduction (of energy forms)) WN noun 'transduction': 2. transduction - (the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; 'the transduction of acoustic waves into voltages by a microphone')
Super-classes	ConvertingEnergyForms^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Sound^c produced^op value SoundEnergy^c hadObjectModified^op value Electricity^c

ConvertingEnergyForms^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertingEnergyForms`
Description	''ConvertingEnergyForms'' is an Event in which some form of ''Energy'' (light, sound, heat, mechanical, potential, kinetic) is converted into some other form. Related: produces produced typicallyProduces naturallyProduces isDesignedToProduce isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce `" hadObjectModified " "produced" The 'input' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''hadObjectModified'' The 'output' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''produced''.` "WindEnergy" This includes the action of controlling the transduction as well as the transduction process itself. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transduce' in WordNet: 1. transduce - (cause transduction (of energy forms)) WN noun 'transduction': 2. transduction - (the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; 'the transduction of acoustic waves into voltages by a microphone')`
Super-classes	EnergyConversionProcess^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Transducer^c produced^op some EnergyType^c hadObjectModified^op some EnergyType^c
Sub-classes	ConvertingMechanicalEnergyToElectricity^c ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound^c ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity^c ConvertingSoundIntoElectricalSignals^c

ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity`
Description	''ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity'' is a ''ConvertingEnergyForms'' in which some ''LightEnergy'' (contained in ''Light'') is converted to ''Electricity''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transduce' in WordNet: 1. transduce - (cause transduction (of energy forms)) WN noun 'transduction': 2. transduction - (the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; 'the transduction of acoustic waves into voltages by a microphone')`
Super-classes	ConvertingEnergyForms^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ElectricCurrent^c hadObjectModified^op value LightEnergy^c produced^op value Electricity^c

ConvertingMechanicalEnergyToElectricity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertingMechanicalEnergyToElectricity`
Description	''ConvertingLightMechanicalToElectricity'' is a ''ConvertingEnergyForms''
Super-classes	ConvertingEnergyForms^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Electricity^c hadObjectModified^op value MechanicalEnergy^c produces^op value ElectricCurrent^c

ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother`
Description	''ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother''is the Action of exchanging one thing for another of the same general category, but of a different immediate parent type - e.g. one type of currency into another. This is for ''Exchange''s that replace one object with another of equivalent value or function, but not including people. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'convert' in WordNet: 4. (3) change, exchange, commute, convert - (exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category; 'Could you convert my dollars into pounds?'; 'He changed his name'; 'convert centimeters into inches'; 'convert holdings into shares')`
Super-classes	Exchange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Converted^c
Sub-classes	Rephrasing^c

ConvertingSoundIntoElectricalSignals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertingSoundIntoElectricalSignals`
Description	''"ConvertingSoundIntoElectricalSignals'' is a ''ConvertingEnergyForms'' in which some form of ''Sound'' (often ''Speech'' or ''Music'') is converted into some ''ElectricalSignal'', as with a ''Microphone'' or a ''TelephoneMouthpiece''. `The 'input' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''hadObjectModified'' The 'output' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''produced''.`
Super-classes	ConvertingEnergyForms^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Sound^c produced^op value ElectricalSignal^c produces^op value ElectricalSignal^c

ConvertingUnits^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvertingUnits`
Description	''ConvertingUnits'' is the act ''DoingAnArithmeticOperation'' in which one an instance of ''PhysicalQuantity'' having a 'Quantifier' and a ''UnitOfMeasure'' is transformed by operations using a conversion constant between compatible units from one unit into an equivalent ''PhysicalQuantity'' expressed using a different '''UnitofMeasure''. e.g. conversion of feet to meters, degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Centigrade. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'conversion' in WordNet: 2. (5) conversion - (a change in the units or form of an expression: 'conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade')`
Super-classes	DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some PhysicalQuantity^c

Convex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convex`
Description	An attribute of planar or three-dimensional Objects,abstract or physical that are outward curving at all points on the outer surface. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convex' in Wordnet: 1. (1) convex, bulging - (curving or bulging outward)`
Super-classes	Round^c
Sub-classes	Spheroidal^c Bulbous^c Gibbous^c Conical^c Spherical^c Ellipsoidal^c

ConvexHull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvexHull`
Description	A ConvexHull is a line or surface that is convex in the mathematical sense, and contains within it the object of which it is a ConvexHull. This is used to allow representation of concepts such as 'holes' in PhysicalObjects. A 'hole' or cavity or concavity is a region of space where part of an object would be, if the surface of the object were convex. In Cyc this is represented by a function. "Convex hull In mathematics, the convex hull or convex envelope of a set X of points in the Euclidean plane or Euclidean space is the smallest convex set that contains X. For instance, when X is a bounded subset of the plane, the convex hull may be visualized as the shape enclosed by a rubber band stretched around X." NOTE: for a three-dimensional region, it may be visualized as the surface formed by stretching a sheet of rubber around the points The usage in COSMO is to represent the surface of a physical region that is the ConvexHull for some PhysicalObject. In this usage, it can function as a 'Location' in which some PhysicalObject is located. Therefore the 'PhysicalObject' of which this is the 'ConvexHull' must be specified. Wikipedia (see Wikipedia article for more detail http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_hull). In mathematics, the convex hull or convex envelope for a set of points X in a real vector space V is the minimal convex set containing X. In computational geometry, it is common to use the term 'convex hull' for the boundary of the minimal convex set containing a given non-empty finite set of points in the plane. Unless the points are collinear, the convex hull in this sense is a simple closed polygonal chain.
Super-classes	Surface-Intangible^c GeometricFigure^c
Restrictions	surroundsCompletely^op some PhysicalObject^c surroundsCompletely^op value PhysicalSpaceRegion^c

ConvexHullVolume^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvexHullVolume

Description

'A ''ConvexHullVolume'' is the ''Volume'' that is contained within some ''ConvexHull that completely surrounds a PhysicalObject or ObjectGroup.

  NOTE: this technical concept is used in CYC.

Super-classes Volume^c

ConvexObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvexObject`
Description	COSMO note: this is an Object or part of an Object
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c Surface-Generic^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Convex^c
Sub-classes	Convexity^c

ConvexTangibleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvexTangibleObject`
Description	COSMO note: this CYC category is used in COSMO to represent PhysicalOjects that have a characteristic Convex shape. NOTE that every PhysicalObject is three-dimensional (although for subatomic things it is fuzzy with probabilistic edges), but this is used to collect objects that can be characterized as to shape. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalObject. Each instance of #$ConvexTangibleObject is a tangible object that is convex; i.e., that has no significant concave surfaces, cavities or crevices (where the size of allowable minor concavities may depend on the context). Each instance of #$ConvexTangibleObject occupies about the same space as its convex hull - see #$ConvexHullFn and #$ConvexHullSpaceFn. A solid physical sphere or cube is an instance of #$ConvexTangibleObject, but a cup or doughnut cannot be.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Convex^c
Sub-classes	BulbousObject^c Hill^c Ball^c BallLikeObject^c PieceOfDimensionalLumber^c BoardOrBlock^c Lens^c SphericalObject^c PlanetarySatellite^c Wave^c Egg^c

Convexity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convexity`
Description	A ''Convexity'' is a surface Feature considered as a part of an Object, part of a relatively flat surface ('flat' depending on scale or grain size), which is a relatively shallow buge outward from the average plane of the surface. `WN calls a 'convexity' a 'sape' but here it is a PhysicalObject Approximately corresponds to noun sense2 of 'convexity' in Wordnet: 2. convex shape, convexity - (a shape that curves or bulges outward)`
Super-classes	ConvexObject^c PhysicalFeature^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	Protrusion^c Ridge^c RaisedDot^c

Conveyance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conveyance`
Description	A 'GenericConveyance'' is an ArtifactObject that has a primary design purpose to enable moving objects or substances other than itself in a controlled fashion between two locations. This is a very general category, which includes conveyor belts and other stationary conveyances and conduits, as well as the usual vehicles, airplanes, and watercraft. It does not include animals used for riding or for pulling wagons, though the wagons pulled by animals would be classified in this category. `Not all Conveyances are Devices. For example, skis or roller skates are borderline Conveyances, but are not Devices. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conveyance' in Wordnet: 3. conveyance, transport - (something that serves as a means of transportation)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Conveyance-Stationary^c SupportingConveyance^c

Conveyance-Stationary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conveyance-Stationary`
Description	COSMO note: includes a 'SkiLift', as well as other rotating band devices such as the moving clothes rack at a laundry. NOTE: this includes pipelines and chimneys, so it does not necessarily 'support' objects in the same manner as a vehicle. `CYC: The subcollection of #$Conveyance that contains objects that are intended for moving partially tangible things while remaining stationary. Positive examples are conveyor belts or guns. A borderline case is a #$River that is used to transport logs; that river is a #$Conveyance-Stationary because the river as a whole does not change its location (only parts of it; the water).`
Super-classes	Conveyance^c
Sub-classes	Chimney^c SkiLift^c ConveyorBelt^c Escalator^c Pipeline^c

Conveying-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conveying-Generic`
Description	A specialization of both #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion and #$Translation-SingleTrajectory. In each instance of #$Conveying-Generic, some object (see #$conveyor-Generic) enables or facilitates the conveyance of another object, or objects, or stuff (see #$transportees). The conveyor itself might or might not also be undergoing translational motion (see #$objectTranslating) during the event. See also the various specializations of #$Conveying-Generic.
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Sub-classes	Relaying^c Conveying-Stationary^c TransportationEvent^c

Conveying-Stationary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conveying-Stationary`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. An instance of #$Conveying-Stationary is an event in which one object (in the role of #$conveyor-Stationary) aids in the translational movement of one or more other objects (having the role(s) of #$transportees). Note that by definition the #$conveyor-Stationary does not move along with the #$transportees. `This is broad, and includes conveying fluids (throgh a pipe or channel) or conveying solid objects along a 'conveyor belt'. See the subtypes for more distinctions. Includes but is not restricted to verb sense 5 of 'convey' in WordNet: 5. conduct, transmit, convey, carry, channel - (transmit or serve as the medium for transmission; 'Sound carries well over water'; 'The airwaves carry the sound'; 'Many metals conduct heat')`
Super-classes	Conveying-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Transmission^c TransmittingForce^c ConveyingaFluid^c Irrigating^c PumpingFluid^c

ConveyingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConveyingInformation`
Description	'ConveyingInformation' is a very general type of Event in which information is conveyed by some ''InformationBearingThing'' to an IntelligentAgent. The conveyng can occur by an act of ''Observing'' (via light waves or other senses) with the Observer as the 'EndingPlace', or by people (e.g. a ''Messenger'') or devices that move information from a source to a destination. This is the most general sense of conveying information. The restriction requires that the information conveyed (''InformationBearingThing'') be specified: the information could be the actual propositional content, or an InformationBearingObject. `Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'inform' in WordNet: 1. (46) inform - (impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to; 'I informed him of his rights')`
Super-classes	Communication^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some GenericLocation^c hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c hasStartingPlace^op some GenericLocation^c hadThingAffected^op some (InformationBearingThing^c or IntentionalAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	Informing^c ProvidingEvidence^c MisleadingEvent^c Manifesting^c

ConveyingMaterials^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConveyingMaterials`
Description	Cyc: Moving some kind of material from one point to another, where the goal is to transport the goods. Different from just mixing stuff or putting stuff with other stuff. (move something or somebody around; usually over long distance COSMO note: this category will be used very generally to include pushing materials around, such as excavating with a bulldozer. So a TransportationDevice is not needed, but could be used - hauling away would be an instance of the more specific 'TransportationEvent'. This is also used for Events in which substances are conveyed from one point to another, as in ingestion or injection of drugs into a body. `Cyc: We remain agnostic as to whether in instances of this collection the #$conveyor-Generic remains stationary (transport through a #$Pipeline) or moves along with the #$transportees (transport in a #$Truck) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transport' in WordNet: 1. (4) transport - (move something or somebody around; usually over long distances)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c DirectedTranslation^c TransportationEvent^c MaterialHandling^c
Sub-classes	DiggingInTheGround^c Inserting^c Smuggling^c TransportationServiceEvent^c

ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople`
Description	''ConveyingSomething'' is an Action of one Person transferring something physical or abstract to another Person. The thing transferred can be of any type, so it is specified as some instance of 'Thing' This is for a person-to-person transfer `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'convey' in WordNet: 3. convey, transmit, communicate - (transfer to another; 'communicate a disease')`
Super-classes	TransferringSomething^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value Person^c hasEndingPlace^op value Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hadThingTransferred^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	RelayingSomething^c

ConveyingWaterByPipes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConveyingWaterByPipes`
Description	''ConveyingWaterByPipes'' is a ''ConveyingaLiquid'' in which the Liquid is Water, and the 'conveying' is enabled by some ''Pipe'', simple or
Super-classes	ConveyingaLiquid^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value WaterObject^c usesDeviceType^op value Pipe^c
Sub-classes	SupplyingWater^c

ConveyingaFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConveyingaFluid`
Description	The Action in which some Fluid substance is moved from one location to another by some DDevice that itself does not move,like a pipeline (for gas or liquid) or a plumbing system. This is a subtype of 'putting into' on the assumption that most such Actions would have some reservoir of fluid (perhaps the atmosphere or ocean?) that is the beginning point of the transfer, but the end point can be spread out such as a field that is watered bu a spraying device.. `This type of transfer does not have to be a ''FluidFlowEvent'', as the transfer can be stepwise, as in ladling soup into a bowl.`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c Conveying-Stationary^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (FluidObject^c or SubstanceType^c or FluidType^c)
Sub-classes	Pouring^c ConveyingaLiquid^c

ConveyingaLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConveyingaLiquid`
Description	The Action in which some Liquid substance is moved from one location to another. `This type of transfer does not have to be a ''FluidFlowEvent'', as the transfer can be stepwise, as in ladling soup into a bowl.`
Super-classes	ConveyingaFluid^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (LiquidObject^c or LiquidSubstance^c or LiquidSubstanceType^c or LiquidObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ConveyingWaterByPipes^c

ConveyorBelt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConveyorBelt

Description

A ''ConveyorBelt'' is a ''Belt-Mechanical'' (a closed loop of flexible but sturdy material) used to transport objects (oten people) from one location to another while the belt moves in a loop between fixed points but as a whole remans in its same location. The transported objects are held to the belt by gravitational force after they are placed on it and until they are taken off it. The ''ConveyorBelt'' is commonly horizontal, but may be sloped to carry objects from one level to another, indoors or outdoors, as is an escalator or a .loading belt used in industry to carry loads of materials from ground level to a container at a higher level.

        The transported inanimate objects are typically placed on or removed
          from the belt by people or automatons, but when the
          transported object is a Person that Person typically
          gets on and off by ambulation.

      CYC: a device with one or more flat moving belts upon
        which items can be placed, to move them to a place along the
        belt.  Often the production area of a manufacturing company
        will have conveyor belts to move the product around as it is
        being assembled, packaged, etc.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conveyor belt' in WordNet:
          1. conveyer belt, conveyor belt, conveyer, conveyor, transporter - 
            (a moving belt that transports objects (as in a factory))

Super-classes Belt-Mechanical^c
PoweredDevice^c
MechanicalDevice^c
Conveyance-Stationary^c
Path-Simple^c
ClosedLoopObject^c
ManufacturedGoods^c

Convict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convict`
Description	A ''ConvictedCriminal'' who is still in prison. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convict' in WordNet: 1. (1) convict, con, inmate, jail bird, jailbird, gaolbird, yard bird, yardbird - (a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison)`
Super-classes	ConvictedCriminal^c Prisoner^c Inmate^c Criminal^c
Sub-classes	ViolentConvict^c ConvictedCriminal^c

Convicted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convicted

Description

A person who has been convicted of a crime; For the subtype of Convicts who are still in prison use ''Convict''

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convicted' in WordNet:
         1. (1) condemned, convicted - (pronounced or proved guilty;
           'the condemned man faced the firing squad with dignity'; 'a convicted criminal')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ConvictedCriminal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvictedCriminal`
Description	A person who has been convicted of a crime; For the subtype of Convicts who are still in prison use ''Convict'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'convict' in WordNet: 2. convict - (a person who has been convicted of a criminal offence)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c Convict^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Convicted^c
Sub-classes	Convict^c

Conviction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Conviction`
Description	This sense of 'Conviction' is a strong feeling, stronger than an average belief, that something is true. The subject of a Feeling of Conviction is a Belief. `This sense has some overlap with WordNet sense 2 of 'confidence': 2. (6) confidence - (a feeling of trust (in someone or something); 'I have confidence in our team'; 'confidence is always borrowed, never owned') and contains part of WN sense 1 of 'conviction', but is not 'unshakable', merely a strong sense that something is true: in WordNet: 1. (19) conviction, strong belief, article of faith - (an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some Belief^c

ConvictionJudgment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvictionJudgment`
Description	A ''ConvictionJudgment'' is the ''LegalOpinion'' issue after a ''CriminalTrial'' when the defendant is deemed 'guilty' of the charge. 'the judge gave him a two-year sentence' `This includes a 'sentence' of time to be 'served' in a prison, but also includes other forms of punishment, which should be distinguished as subypes. The object of sentene to serve time becomes a ''Convict'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'conviction' in WordNet: 2. (3) conviction, judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence - ((criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; 'the conviction came as no surprise')`
Super-classes	LegalOpinion^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some CriminalCaseDecision^c subjectBecomes^op value ConvictedCriminal^c hasTopic^op some AccusedCriminal^c

Convinced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convinced`
Description	''Convinced'' is the attribute of someone who has become convinced of and therefore believes something, often (not necessarily) as a result of experiencing a ''Convincing-CommunicationAct'' Action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'convinced' and sense 2 of 'certain' in WordNet: 2. convinced, positive, confident - (persuaded of; very sure; 'were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join'; 'I am positive he is lying'; 'was confident he would win')`
Super-classes	FeelingAttribute^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Brainwashed^c

Convincing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convincing`
Description	''Convincing'' is a subtype of 'Informative'' for information objects or communications or observations that not only inform, but convince the recipient of that information that something is true. This ''Convincing'' is the attribute of something causing a ''Believing'' or of the grammatical agent (an Observation or Assertion or ''AssertingEvent'') of a ''ConvincingaPerson'' Action. The subtypes ''Conclusive'' and ''Determining'' suggest an ability to convince more than one person because of a basis in objective observations and logic. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convincing' in Wordnet: 1. (4) convincing - (causing one to believe the truth of something; 'a convincing story'; 'a convincing manner') WN adj 'persuasive': 2. persuasive - (capable of convincing; 'a persuasive argument'; 'the evidence is persuasive but not conclusive') WN adj 'cogent': 1. cogent, telling, weighty - (powerfully persuasive; 'a cogent argument'; 'a telling presentation'; 'a weighty argument')`
Super-classes	Causative^c Informative^c
Sub-classes	Conclusive^c

Convincing-CommunicationAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convincing-CommunicationAct`
Description	Convincing is a special kind of Communication that succeeds in causing another agent to believe something or perform or refrain from some 'Action', due only to the second agent's interpretation of the content of the communication (i.e. no physical force is applied, though threats or promises of reward may be used). see 'causedToBelieve' for relation The distinction between 'persuade' and 'convince' is not clear ('persuade one to' and 'convince one to' usually mean the same thing), and both words are interpreted as being represented by this type of Action. Cyc: A specialization of #$Communicating. Each instance of this collection is an act of causing someone to believe or do something by intentional communication. Notable specializations include #$PersuadingToAct and #$DissuadingFromAction. Includes verb sense 2 of 'persuade' and sense 1 of 'convince' in in WordNet: WN verb 'persuade': 2. (13) persuade - (cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action; twist somebody's arm; 'You can't persuade me to buy this ugly vase!') WN verb 'convince': 1. (15) convert, win over, convince - (make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something; 'He had finally convinced several customers of the advantages of his product')
Super-classes	InfluencingAnAgent^c Communication^c
Restrictions	causes^op some (Belief^c or Action^c or ActionType^c) subjectBecomes^op value Convinced^c
Sub-classes	Brainwashing^c ConvincingaPerson^c DissuadingFromAction^c PersuadingToAct^c

ConvincingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvincingaPerson`
Description	This ''ConvincingaPerson'' is an Action in which some observation or Assertion or some other Person making an assertion causes the listener or observer to believe some ''Belief'' (a ''Proposition'') - i.e. it causes ''BelievingSomething''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convincing' in Wordnet: 1. (4) convincing - (causing one to believe the truth of something; 'a convincing story'; 'a convincing manner')`
Super-classes	Convincing-CommunicationAct^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Belief^c causes^op value BelievingSomething^c

Convincingly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convincingly

Description

''Convincingly'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the Communication or information transfer Event has enough Information to 'convince' a Person that something is true.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'convincingly' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) convincingly - (in a convincing manner; 'he argued convincingly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Convoy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convoy`
Description	This sense is for military land vehicles or a group of ships escorted by military vehicles. COSMO note: a Convoy is interpreted here strictly in the military sense. An analogous grouping of vehicles for civilian purposes could be called a 'Caravan'. ***ToDo: There is a potential contradiction - if a Convoy is strictly a bunch of vehicles, how can it be an 'agent'?? The Cyc parent has been removed for review. Is it an Organization? CYC The collection of all convoys of vehicles. Each instance of #$Convoy is a composite object (a #$Group) that has various #$TransportationDevices as #$groupMembers. In a #$Convoy, the member vehicles travel together in a line and close together, one behind the other. #$Convoys of #$Ships and #$Trucks are often used in military operations. SUMO: A group of people driving vehicles that all have the same destination. That destination may be an intermediate destination on the way to a final destination for some of the vehicles however. This is distinguished from vehicles that have no common purpose, such as traffic on a freeway. This includes cases where some of the agents intend to reach a point but fail to do so. Includes to parts of noun senses 1 amd 2 of 'convoy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) convoy - (a procession of land vehicles traveling together) 2. convoy - (a collection of merchant ships with an escort of warships)
Super-classes	PhysicalSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MilitaryVehicle^c

Convulsing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convulsing`
Description	This is for both the transitive (causing) and intransitive (experiencing) senses of the body 'convulsing' reflex. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 5. convulse - (cause to contract; 'The spasm convulses her facial muscles') 6. convulse - (contract involuntarily, as in a spasm; 'The muscles in her face convulsed') WN noun 'convulsion': 2. convulsion - (violent uncontrollable contractions of muscles)`
Super-classes	InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c Cramping^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Painful^c hasSubEvent^op value PainOrAche^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uncontrollable^c
Sub-classes	Sob^c

ConvulsingAnAudience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvulsingAnAudience`
Description	''ConvulsingAnAudience'' is a ''JokeTelling'' that causes the audience (of any size) to perform ''ConvulsiveLaughing''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 1. (1) convulse - (make someone convulse with laughter; 'The comedian convulsed the crowd')`
Super-classes	JokeTelling^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Amusing^c causes^op value ConvulsiveLaughing^c

Convulsive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Convulsive

Description

''Convulsive''is used of ''InvoluntaryBodyMovement''s.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convulsive' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) convulsive, spasmodic, spastic - (affected by involuntary 
             jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm; 'convulsive motions';
             'his body made a spasmodic jerk'; 'spastic movements')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ConvulsiveLaughing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ConvulsiveLaughing`
Description	''ConvulsiveLaughing'' is a strong, loud, ''Laughing'' that causes visible shaking of the body and is hard to stop. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 2. (1) convulse - (be overcome with laughter)`
Super-classes	Laughing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Convulsive^c hasSubEvent^op value Convulsing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c

Coo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coo

Description

The 'cooing' sound made by a pigeon or dove. Includes n and v senses of 'coo':

        Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'coo' in Wordnet:
          1. coo - (the sound made by a pigeon)
        WN verb 'coo':
          2. coo - (cry softly, as of pigeons)

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Cook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cook`
Description	The agent in a CookingFood Action. Not necessarily a professional Chef; this can be used to specify who was the chief cook of any given meal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cook' in WordNet: 1. (7) cook - (someone who cooks food)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some CookingFood^c
Sub-classes	Chef^c Baker^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DianeCassidy

CookBook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookBook`
Description	This is the collection of instances of #$Book-CW which contain multiple ''FoodRecipe''s. (See #$Recipe-CW.). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cookbook' in WordNet: 1. cookbook, cookery book - (a book of recipes and cooking directions)`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value CookingFood^c hasTopic^op value GroupOfRecipes^c

Cooked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cooked`
Description	An Attribute of Food that has been cooked. In Cyc this is the food itself, and COSMO usage differs, treating attributes as different from the objects that have those attributes. `Cyc: The subcollection of #$EdibleStuff whose instances have been cooked. Food becomes #$Cooked as the result of an event of #$CookingFood. Specialized forms of #$Cooked include #$Steamed, #$Baked, #$Microwaved and #$Grilled. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cooked' in WordNet: 1. cooked - (having been prepared for eating by the application of heat)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Done^c Boiled^c Broiled^c Fried^c Steamed^c Toasted^c Baked^c

CookedFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookedFood`
Description	A specialization of #$Food. Each instance of #$CookedFood is a foodstuff that has been cooked. Possible sub-collections include MicrowavedFood, GrilledFood, RoastedFood, SteamedFood, BoiledFood, #$BakedFood, ToastedFood, FriedFood.
Super-classes	PreparedFoodStuff^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cooked^c
Sub-classes	SoupStock^c AppleSauce^c BakedFood^c Stew^c BakedChicken^c Preserve^c Soup^c Chowder^c

CookedFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookedFoodObject`
Description	A FoodObject consisting of CookedFood.
Super-classes	PreparedFood^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value CookedFood^c
Sub-classes	FriedFoodObject^c Chop-MeatCut^c CookedWingOfFowl^c RoastedFoodObject^c BoiledFoodObject^c Steak^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523

CookedWingOfFowl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookedWingOfFowl`
Description	A prepared FoodObject consisting of a cooked Wing of some Fowl. Most commonly chicken wings, but could be other, e.g. duck or turkey. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'wing' in WordNet; it is not clear of the Wordnet sense is invariably of the cooked variety: in WordNet: 7. wing - (the wing of a fowl; 'he preferred the drumsticks to the wings')`
Super-classes	Wing^c CookedFoodObject^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Poultry^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value CookedFood^c
Sub-classes	BuffaloWing^c

Cooker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cooker`
Description	This sense of ''Cooker'' is for a ''CookingUtensil'' that hold food while it is being cooked. It is usually a metal pot, such as a 'pressure cooker' (for holding at temperures above the normal boiling point of water) or a ''CrockPot'' (for holding at temperatures below the boiling point). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cooker' in WordNet: 1. cooker - (a utensil for cooking)`
Super-classes	CookingUtensil^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToHold^op value Food^c
Sub-classes	CrockPot^c

Cookie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cookie`
Description	A single cookie - an object, not a substance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cookie' in WordNet: 1. (1) cookie, cooky, biscuit - (any of various small flat sweet cakes ('biscuit' is the British term))`
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c BakedFoodObject^c DessertFood^c
Sub-classes	ButterCookie^c Brownie^c

CookingChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingChange`
Description	Each 'CookingChange' is the Change in some food object that goes from 'Raw' to 'Cooked' during a CookingFood event. The restriction does not require specifying the specific object cooked, because this type and its subtypes can be used to describe certain types of cooking, and not only a specific cooking event.
Super-classes	FoodPreparationChange^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeAfter^op value Cooked^c hasAttributeBefore^op value Raw^c hasObjectChanged^op value FoodObject^c

CookingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingFood`
Description	COSMO note: a CookingFood action often results in preparation of a full 'meal', but not necessarily (as in baking a cake or cookies), so that is not a restriction. Every instance of 'CookingFood' ends with a 'PuttingFoodOnaPlate' transition Event, which causes a 'FoodIsReady' state; see those elements for the details of the meanings. The restriction requires that CookingFood produce a CookingChange. (which changes a FoodObject from Raw to Cooked). It may be desirable to specify more specific subtypes of CookingChange for subtypes of CookingFood, but that is not required by the restriction. As an ImprovementEvent, this also requires that the thing improved be specified. In this case it is the same as the object produced (unless the raw food is considered as the thing improved). @ToDo: this restriction may require redundant representation of the food acted on - perhaps an FOL rule can avoid this. See instances of 'CookingFood' for examples. Cyc: A specialization of #$PreparingFoodItem and #$HeatingProcess. Each instance of #$CookingFood is an event in which some item of #$Food (q.v.) is prepared by heating it. Typically, the foodstuff is heated until it reaches a certain temperature over some period of time; during the heating, chemical and/or physical changes occur which are supposed to make the foodstuff healthier or tastier (or, in some cases, ethically acceptable). A #$CookingFood event may last from a few minutes (e.g., #$SteamingFood (vegetables), #$MakingToast) to several hours (e.g., #$RoastingFood). Includes verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'cook' in WordNet: 1. (9) cook - (prepare a hot meal; 'My husband doesn't cook') 2. (9) cook, fix, ready, make, prepare - (prepare for eating by applying heat; 'Cook me dinner, please'; 'can you make me an omelette?'; 'fix breakfast for the guests, please') 3. (6) cook - (transform and make suitable for consumption by heating; 'These potatoes have to cook for 20 minutes')
Super-classes	HeatingProcess^c PreparingFoodItem^c ExecutingaProcedure^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value CookedFood^c hasComponentElement^op some FoodIsReady^c hasComponentElement^op some PuttingFoodOnaPlate^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or FoodType^c or CookedFoodObject^c) alwaysCauses^op value HeatingSomething^c alwaysCauses^op value CookingChange^c isAnExecutionOf^op value FoodRecipe^c
Sub-classes	GrillingFood^c CookingInaMicrowave^c CookingMeat^c BroilingFood^c Frying^c BakingFood^c BoilingFood^c RoastingAction^c SteamingFood^c ToastingSomething^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingForCassidyDinner20080523

CookingGrill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingGrill`
Description	A HeatingDevice that has a grill above a heating element, used for grilling food. If a portable device has a flat sheet surface rather than a grill, it would be a ''Cooktop-Device''. The smallish kind easily portable for backyard barbecues that uses charcoal is subtype ''CharcoalGrill' NOTE:the WN 'grill' has been partitioned into ''Grillwork'' - the wire/bar network used as the platform for grillng, and this type - the whole 'grill' apparatus including any legs and (if gas) pipes used to supply the gas. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'grille' in WordNet (for cooking outdors) but this is the whole devicem not just the grillwork in it: in WordNet: 3. grill, grille, grillwork - (a framework of metal bars used as a partition or a grate; "he cooked hamburgers on the grill")
Super-classes	HeatingDevice^c
Restrictions	canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value GrillingFood^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Grillwork^c heats^op value FoodOrDrink^c
Sub-classes	CharcoalGrill^c

CookingInaMicrowave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingInaMicrowave`
Description	''CookingInaMicrowave''is ''CookingFood'' using a ''MicrowaveOven'' This is used for just warming or re-heating, as well as cooking from the raw state. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'microwave' in WordNet: 1. (2) microwave, micro-cook, zap, nuke - (cook or heat in a microwave oven; 'You can microwave the leftovers')`
Super-classes	CookingFood^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value MicrowaveOven^c

CookingMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingMeat`
Description	Cooking of a piece of ''Meat''.
Super-classes	CookingFood^c
Restrictions	produced^op some CookedFoodObject^c hadThingAffected^op value Meat^c

CookingSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingSurface`
Description	A ''CookingSurface'' is a ''HorizontalSurface'' that is part of a ''CookingUtensil'' and that is ''Horizontal'' while being used for cooking.
Super-classes	HorizontalSurface^c FlatSurfacePortion^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value HeatingElement^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value CookingUtensil^c

CookingUtensil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingUtensil`
Description	A ''CookingUtensil'' is any ''KitchenUtensil'' used in ''CookingFood'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cooking utensil' in WordNet: 1. cooking utensil, cookware - (a kitchen utensil made of material that does not melt easily; used for cooking)`
Super-classes	KitchenUtensil^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value CookingFood^c
Sub-classes	Tongs^c Cooker^c Spatula^c CookingVessel^c

CookingVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookingVessel`
Description	Containers used to cook food.
Super-classes	FoodVessel^c FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c CookingUtensil^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value CookingFood^c
Sub-classes	BakingDish^c Saucepan^c FryingPan^c Pot^c HotCookingVessel^c

Cooktop-Device^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cooktop-Device`
Description	CYC: The collection of devices that are ''HouseholdAppliance''s and have heating surfaces on which a pot or pan can be placed and heated, for cooking food contained in a ''Pot'' or ''Pan''. A ''Cooktop-Device'' may or may not be part of a ''KitchenRange'', or may be installed alone without the oven part. These might be built into a kitchen island, for example. It can be heated by a flame of gas, by coal or wood burning inside, or by electricity. This is used generally for any heating device with a flat surface intended for cooking food, including portable devices that may be taken on a camping trip; however, a cooking device with a grill top is represented by ''CookingGrill''. No sense in Wordnet - the RHW sense is more specific than this sense, which can be of any material: RHW 'cooktop': a cooking surface consisting of a flat sheet of heat-transmitting glass and ceramic material over heating elements, usually electric.
Super-classes	HouseholdAppliance^c HeatingDevice^c Fixture^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value HeatingFood^c heats^op value FoodOrDrink^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value CookingFood^c

Cool^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cool

Description

Cool is a QualitativeAttributeValue for objects or ambient air, indicating that the temperature of the object is below normal room temperature (23 deg C), but not 'Cold' (below about 10 deg C).

      Corresponds to approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'cool' in WordNet,
         referring only to temperature:
         in WordNet:
       1. (32) cool - (neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat;
           'a cool autumn day'; 'a cool room'; 'cool summer dresses';
           'cool drinks'; 'a cool breeze')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CoolAndOuttasight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoolAndOuttasight

Description

''CoolAndOuttasight'' is the label used here for the notion of something 'cool' in the hip, popular sense of being 'good' in an unconventional manner attractive to those in the same social group.

      Q:  How to say this??
        Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'cool' in Wordnet:
           6. cool - (fashionable and attractive at the time; often skilled 
              or socially adept; 'he's a cool dude'; 'that's cool'; 'Mary's dress is really cool'; "it's not cool to arrive at a party too early")

Super-classes Fashionable^c

CoolHeaded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoolHeaded

Description

''CoolHeaded'' is an attribute of someone who ''Composed'' and thinking unemotionally in a situation that could make one Anxious..

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cool-headed' in Wordnet:
        1. cool, coolheaded, nerveless - (marked by calm self-control
           (especially in trying circumstances); unemotional; 'play it cool'; 'keep cool';
           'stayed coolheaded in the crisis'; 'the most nerveless winner 
           in the history of the tournament')

Super-classes Composed^c

Cooler-Container^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cooler-Container

Description

This is the collection of coolers. A cooler is an insulated container in which either ice or reusable ice substitute is placed along with food or drink that one wishes to keep cool.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cooler' in WordNet:
          1. (1) cooler, ice chest - (a refrigerator for cooling liquids)

Super-classes ContainerArtifact^c

Cooling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cooling`
Description	''Cooling'' is the attribute pertaining to a ''Chilling'' Event, and to ''Device''s or methods or substancesthat cause ''Chilling''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

CoolingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoolingDevice`
Description	An artifact designed to maintain objects at a temperature below the ambient temperature. They may be powered or achieve their effect through supply of a cold substance, such as an ice bucket at a party or at a dinner table, an ice chest, or a dry ice chest, a liquid nitrogen freezer, or by electrical refrigeration. The styrofoam 'coolers' that require a supply of ice to perform their function are included. This may be broader than the intended SUMO usage: `SUMO; A Device whose purpose is Cooling something, e.g. air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, etc..`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value AbilityToCool^c
Sub-classes	RefrigeratedStorageDevice^c

CoolingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoolingProcess`
Description	A specialization of #$TemperatureChangingProcess. Each instance of #$CoolingProcess is an event in which the temperature of some object (related to the instance of #$CoolingProcess by #$objectOfStateChange) is lowered. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cool' in WordNet: 3. cool, chill, cool down - (loose heat; 'The air cooled considerably after the thunderstorm')`
Super-classes	TemperatureChangingProcess^c LoweringaValue^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value Temperature^c
Sub-classes	ChillingWithIce^c Freezing^c Chilling^c Refrigerating^c

Coolly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coolly

Description

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'coolly' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) coolly, nervelessly, nonchalantly - (in a composed and unconcerned manner;
              'without more ado Barker borrowed a knife from his brigade Major and honed it
              on a carborundum stone as coolly as a butcher')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

CooperationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CooperationEvent`
Description	NOTE that a ''CooperationEvent'' has both a ''Goal'' (a ''MentalObject'') and a ''PersistentState'' as its purpose. This may be redundant - rethink the relation between these objectives?? See ''hasPurpose'' for more discussion of such related concepts. This is the broadest type of 'cooperation' where the Goal is in common, but the degree of contact of those working on the same goal can be minimal. For a closer degree of cooperation use ''WorkingTogether''. Contrasts with 'ConflictEvent' NOTE that this differs subtly from subtype ''WorkingTogether'' in that a ''WorkingTogether'' is performed with multiple people in direct contact in the same location (building or site). This type should be used if such direct contact is not known. CYC: A collection of all instances of #$SocialOccurrence that can be called 'cooperations'. For each #$CooperationEvent COOP the following hold: (i) there are at least two #$IntelligentAgents AGT1 and AGT2 such that (#$partnersInCooperation AGT1 AGT2 COOP), (ii) AGT1 and AGT2 share a GOAL, (iii) there are subevents ACT1 and ACT2 of COOP, both of which are #$PurposefulActions, such that ACT1 is performed by AGT1 with the intent of furthering GOAL and ACT2 is performed by AGT2 with the intent of furthering GOAL, (iv) AGT1 believes that ACT2 furthers GOAL and AGT2 believes that ACT1 furthers GOAL, and (v) the fact ACT1 and ACT2 both further GOAL is not an unexpected coincidence: it was a part of AGT1's expectation that an act like (i.e. of the same kind as) ACT2, performed by AGT2, would further GOAL; and it was a part of AGT2's expectation that an act like ACT1, performed by AGT1, would further GOAL. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cooperate' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'cooperation' in WordNet: 1. (20) collaborate, join forces, cooperate, get together - (work together on a common enterprise of project; 'The soprano and the pianist did not get together very well'; 'We joined forces with another research group') WN noun 'cooperation': 1. (7) cooperation - (joint operation or action; 'their cooperation with us was essential for the success of our mission') 2. (1) cooperation - (the practice of cooperating; 'economic cooperation'; 'they agreed on a policy of cooperation')
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value Partner^c hasPurpose^op some (CollectiveGoal^c or GoalType^c or ActionType^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op some AgentGroup^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Collaborative^c hasTheReverseEffectOf^op value ConflictEvent^c
Sub-classes	Agreeing^c PoliteAction^c ChangeOfPossession^c HumanGroupActivity^c WorkingTogether^c MakingAnAgreement^c AbettingaCrime^c

Cooperative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cooperative

Description

Cooperative'' is the attribute of someone willing to cooperate with others rather than obstruct or resist.

    WB antonym is 'competitive' - in one sense, not quite what this
     type represents - one can be non-cooperative without wanting
     to compete, just not work together,

   Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'cooperative' in WordNet:
     3. accommodative, cooperative - (willing to adjust 
        to differences in order to obtain agreement)

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

CooperativeAssociation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CooperativeAssociation

Description

An ''Organization'' formed by a GroupOfPeople for any purpose agreed to by the Group.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cooperative' in WordNet:
          2. (1) cooperative - (an association formed and operated
              for the benefit of those using it)

Super-classes Association^c
PrivateSectorOrganization^c

CooperativeBusiness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CooperativeBusiness

Description

A ''CooperativeBusiness'' is a ''Business'' that is owned by the workers.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cooperative' in WordNet:
          1. (3) cooperative, co-op - (a jointly owned commercial
              enterprise (usually organized by farmers or consumers) 
              that produces and distributes goods and services 
              and is run for the benefit of its owners)

Super-classes FunctionalBusinessEntity^c

CooptingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CooptingaGroup`
Description	'CooptingaGroup'' is a ''#Neutralizing'' by assimilation of another Group or Organizaton. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'co-opt' in Wordnet: 2. co-opt - (neutralize or win over through assimilation into an established group; 'We co-opted the independent minority tribes by pulling them into the Northern Alliance')`
Super-classes	Neutralizing^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op only (Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c or GroupOfPeople^c) subjectBecomes^op value SubGroup^c

CoordinateSystem^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoordinateSystem

Description

A ''CoordinateSystem'' is a ''MentalStructure'' that allows an Agent to specify where an object is,relative to others, in any space, using a fixed reference point (an 'origin') and any number of dimensions.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coordinate system' in WordNet:
       1. coordinate system, frame of reference, reference system, reference frame -
          (a system that uses coordinates to establish position)

Super-classes MentalStructure^c

CoordinatedBodyMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoordinatedBodyMovement`
Description	$VoluntaryBodyMovements that require some `coordination between multiple movements and external events. i.e. more complex than simply #$Reaching or #$LiftingALeg. Exemplary example: #$Juggling. this can be performed by non-human animals. NOTE: this can be used for ''VoluntaryBodyMovement''s that move more than one bodypart`
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Mouth^c
Sub-classes	AcrobaticManeuver^c Cheerleading^c Juggling^c

Coordinating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coordinating

Description

''Coordinating'' is a ''Supervising'' in which the agent assures that multiple Agents act so as to reinforce and to interfere with each others' activities.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'coordinate' in WordNet:
          2. (4) coordinate - (bring into common action, movement, or condition; 
             'coordinate the painters, masons, and plumbers'; 'coordinate his actions 
             with that of his colleagues'; 'coordinate our efforts')
        WN noun 'coordination' (approximate - parents differ):
          2. (1) coordination - (the regulation of diverse elements
                into an integrated and harmonious operation)

Super-classes Supervising^c

CoordinatingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoordinatingaGroup`
Description	''CoordinatingaGroup'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which the component Objects in some ''ObjectGroup'' are selected so as to better perform some function as a Group. `NOTE: WN term 'ordinate' is not listed in RHW. Left out for now until examples are found. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'coordinate' in WordNet: 4. (1) align, ordinate, coordinate - (bring (components or parts) into proper or desirable coordination correlation; 'align the wheels of my car'; 'ordinate similar parts')`
Super-classes	Adjusting^c RegulatingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (ObjectGroup^c or GroupType^c) hasSubEvent^op value SelectingAmong^c

Coordinator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coordinator`
Description	A person who helps make a ''CooperationEvent'' proceed efficiently by neing aware of theefforts of each cooperating person, and assuring that they helpand do not hur each others work. A ''Coordinator'' does not necessarily have authority over the cooperating persons, and may merely provide advice to them. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coordinator' in WordNet: 1. (1) coordinator - (someone whose task is to see that work goes harmoniously)`
Super-classes	Manager^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op some CooperationEvent^c

Coot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coot' in WordNet: 1. coot - (slate-black slow-flying birds somewhat resembling ducks)`
Super-classes	Rail^c

Copied^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copied`
Description	''Copied'' is an AttributeValue of things (typically documents or works of Art),but including other types of ArtifactObjects such as name-brand clothing or accessories, that are not the original prodct, but some 'copy' of an original. The original is characterized by attribute ''Genuine''. `Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'copied' (for any form of copying) in Wordnet: 1. copied, traced - (derived by copying something else; especially by following lines seen through a transparent sheet)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Counterfeit^c

Copier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copier`
Description	A ''Copier'' is a Device that that is designed to make a ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject'' that is a ''Copy'' of some other ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject'', usually a piece of paper or similar sheet-like object. NOTE: this type of ''Copier'' is one designed to produced local copies of documents (''DocumentCopy''s). This does not include a Fax machine, which transmits the image copy to a distant receiver that prodces the document copy. `NOTE:a 'multifunction' ''Copier'' may also be designed to print out images from a computer file transferred to the device from any source, not just from local paper documents.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copier' in WordNet: 1. duplicator, copier - (apparatus that makes copies of typed, written or drawn material)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value Copy^c createsObject^op value HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value IBTCopying^c
Sub-classes	XerographicCopier^c FaxMachine^c

CopingWithaSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CopingWithaSituation`
Description	Each ''CopingWithaSituation'' is an instance of ''ConfrontingaSituation'' that is a ''CarryingOutaTask'' Action in which an agent performs an Action that is intended to resolve an issue (important or trivial) or deal with some difficult situation. that arises from a ''ProblemSituation''. The issue may be a situation that creates or threatens to create damage, or merely an impedimant to achieving some optional goal (a 'speed bump' on the route to accomplishing a task). `NOTE that the problem coped with is not part of the intransitive verb in WordNet,but here it can be used transitively, so the sense can be expressed by phrases such as 'cope with' and 'deal with'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cope' in WordNet: 1. (5) cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple, deal, manage - (come to terms or deal successfully with; 'We got by on just a gallon of gas'; 'They made do on half a loaf of bread every day')`
Super-classes	ConfrontingaSituation^c TakingCareOfSomething^c CarryingOutaTask^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntentionalAgent^c isCausedBy^op value ProblemSituation^c
Sub-classes	ControllingaProblem^c Improvising^c

Copper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copper

Description

The metallic element.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copper' in WordNet:
    1. (8) copper, Cu, atomic number 29 - (a ductile malleable reddish-brown
      corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals
      but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an 
      electrical and thermal conductor)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

CopperWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CopperWire`
Description	CopperWire is a Substance consisting of Copper in the form of a Wire.
Super-classes	ConductingWire^c

Copperhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copperhead`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copperhead' in WordNet: 1. copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix - (common coppery brown pit viper of upland eastern United States)`
Super-classes	PitViper^c

Copy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copy`
Description	A 'Copy' is an Object (Physical or Abstract) that is created by a process, natural or artificial, so that the Copy is closely similar to some original object. Handmade copies, not expected to look exactly like the original, are included in this type. This includes copies of computer files (the physical copy on a physical medium) in any form. 'I have a copy of the paper in my laptop'; 'I downloaded a copy of the file'. An abstract 'copy' can be a MentalObject. If made by an 'IBTcopying' process, it will be an 'InformationBearingThing' Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'copy' and sense 3 of 'reproduction' and sense 2 of 'transcript' and sense 1 of 'replica in WordNet: 1. (7) transcript, copy - (a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)) 2. (6) copy - (a secondary representation of an original; 'she made a copy of the designer dress') WN 'reproduction': 3. replica, replication, reproduction - (copy that is not the original; something that has been copied)
Super-classes	Object^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Copied^c isTheProductOf^op value MakingaCopy^c
Sub-classes	Duplicate^c ToyReplica^c ImageCopy^c PlagiarisedText^c

Copyediting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copyediting`
Description	''Copyediting'' is a form of ''Editing'' of written material This may be the final editing before publication. `RHW: 1. to edit (a manuscript, document, text, etc.) for publication, esp. for punctuation, spelling, grammatical structure, style, etc. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'copyedit' in WordNet: 1. copyread, subedit, copyedit - (edit and correct (written or printed material))`
Super-classes	Editing^c CheckingSomething^c Reading^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value PublishedMaterial^c wasaPreparationFor^op value PublishingWrittenMaterial^c

Copyright^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copyright`
Description	A ''Copyright'' is a Right to sell and control the use of physical representations of some AbstractDocument . NOTE In CYC a copyright is a 'LegalAgreement' and a License; in WN it is a ''document''; but in COSMO this is the abstract ''Right'' (a MentalObject) that is memorialized in a document, but exists as long as some record of it can be found,somewhere - these days probably in a computer database.. `CYC 'CopyrightLicense':An exclusive right to produce or sell an informationBearingThingForm. Each InformationBearingThingForm should have only one CopyrightLicense associated with it at any given time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copyright' in WordNet: 1. copyright, right of first publication - (a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work)`
Super-classes	Right^c LegalDocument-Abstract^c LegalAgreement^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value IssuingaCopyright^c

CopyrightInfringement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CopyrightInfringement`
Description	Each ''CopyrightInfringement'' violates some law establishing a ''Copyright', and subjects the infringer to some punishment enforced by the courts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copyright infringement' in WordNet: 1. copyright infringement, infringement of copyright - (a violation of the rights secured by a copyright)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoing^c UnethicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Illegal^c violatesRule^op value CopyrightLaw^c
Sub-classes	Plagiarism^c

CopyrightLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CopyrightLaw`
Description	A ''CopyrightLaw'' is any ''Law'' establishing a rule for creating or enforcing a ''Copyright''.
Super-classes	EconomicLaw^c
Restrictions	createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op value Copyright^c

Copyrighting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copyrighting`
Description	A ''Copyrighting'' is the act of obtaining a ''Copyright'' on some AbstractDocument (including songs and software). This consists of applying for a copyright, and the copyright being issued (in a 'IssuingaCopyright'' Action). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'copyright' in WordNet: 1. copyright - (secure a copyright on a written work; 'did you copyright your manuscript?')`
Super-classes	Right^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value IssuingaCopyright^c produces^op value Copyright^c

Copywriter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copywriter`
Description	A ''Copywriter'' is a Person who creates 'copy (''Publicity'') for ''Publicizing '' (including ''Advertizing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copywriter' in WordNet: 1. copywriter - (a person employed to write advertising or publicity copy)`
Super-classes	Writer^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Publicity^c

CoraciformBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoraciformBird`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coraciiform bird' in WordNet: 1. coraciiform bird - (chiefly short-legged arboreal nonpasserine birds that nest in holes)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	Kingfisher^c

CoralReef^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoralReef`
Description	A ''CoralReef'' is a ''Reef'' created by growth of Coral in shallow ocean water. It is largely composed of limestone created from the bones of dead Coral, with live coral on top. it may be all under water or partly protruding above the water surface. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coral reef' in WordNet: 1. coral reef - (a reef consisting of coral consolidated into limestone)`
Super-classes	Reef^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value CoralStuff^c
Sub-classes	Atoll^c FloridaKey^c

CoralSnake^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoralSnake

Description

       Corresponds to both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'coral snake' in WordNet:
         1. coral snake, Old World coral snake - (any of various venomous elapid snakes 
               of Asia and Africa and Australia)
         2. coral snake, harlequin-snake, New World coral snake - (any of several venomous 
               New World snakes brilliantly banded in red and black and either yellow or white; 
               widely distributed in South America and Central America)

Super-classes VenomousSnake^c

CoralStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoralStuff`
Description	'CoralStuff' is the substance of which the mineralized portion of coral consists - generated by biological proceses, but nevertheless mineral in consttution. This is not the organic material part of coral, but the mineral of which coral art objects are made. The closest WordNet term is 'coral' sense 2, but this sense of 'CoralStuff' is not necessarily Mediterranean, including all mineralized parts of a coral skeleton. This is included in part to provide a link to the substance of which 'Sand' consists, which is usually 'Stone' but can be 'Coral'. So the class 'StoneOrCoral' is used as the substance of 'Sand'. in WordNet: 2. coral, red coral, precious coral - (the hard stony skeleton of a Mediterranean coral that has a delicate red or pink color and is used for jewelry)
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c NaturalTangibleStuff^c Mineral^c
Sub-classes	StoneOrCoral^c

Cord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cord`
Description	CYC: The collection of all things that we refer to as 'cords', which are similar to strings, but thicker, and also not as thick as what is referred to as a 'Rope'. This is used for any string string-like object, including thin ones such as a ''FishingLine''. CYC: This constant differs from the collection #$CordlikeObject (its direct genls) in that an instance of #$Cord must be long, thin, flexible, and having ends, whereas an instance of #$CordlikeObject must only be relatively thin and having ends. For an example of something that is a #$CordlikeObject but not a #$Cord, see #$SpinalCord. For relatively thin braided fiber lines, use 'PieceOfString'. Also, by comparison, see 'Bristle' which must be stiff, rather than Limp, like a Cord. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cord' in WordNet: 1. (5) cord - (a line made of twisted fibers or threads; 'the bundle was tied with a cord')
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c StringOrLine^c CordlikeObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Limp^c
Sub-classes	FishingLine^c Clothesline^c Bowstring^c Twine^c Lacing^c Ripcord^c

Cordial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cordial`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing and exhibiting Affection. For the actions exhibiting Affection use ''Hearty''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cordial' in Wordnet: 1. (1) affable, amiable, cordial, genial - (diffusing warmth and friendliness; 'an affable smile'; 'an amiable gathering'; 'cordial relations'; 'a cordial greeting'; 'a genial host')`
Super-classes	Friendly^c
Sub-classes	Hearty^c

Cordiality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cordiality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cordiality' in WordNet: 1. amity, cordiality - (a cordial disposition)`
Super-classes	Friendliness^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value ActOfKindness^c isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Cordial^c

Cordillera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cordillera`
Description	An entire mountain system including all subordinate ranges, interior plateaus, and basins. Every instance of #$MountainRange is a #$geographicalSubRegions of some instance of #$Cordillera, while every instance of #$Cordillera has at least one #$MountainRange as a #$geographicalSubRegions of it. However, no instance of #$Cordillera can be a #$geographicalSubRegions of a larger #$MountainRange. In particular, no two distinct instances of #$Cordillera may bear the relation #$geographicalSubRegions with each other.
Super-classes	MountainRange^c

CordlikeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CordlikeObject`
Description	A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$CordlikeObject is a partially tangible non-fluid object (so #$CordlikeObject is disjoint with #$FluidTangibleThing) whose length is significantly greater than either its height or width. Moreover, each instance of #$CordlikeObject has a high degree of flexibility. Notable specializations of #$CordlikeObject include the collections #$Nerve, #$Tape, and #$Cable. `COSMO note: in Cyc tapes were also CordlikeObjects, but in COSMO Tape is a 'RibbonlikeObject'.`
Super-classes	SpoolableObject^c FilamentlikeObject^c Path-Spatial^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c
Sub-classes	Wire^c Fiber^c LeatherStrip^c SnakeDevice^c OpticalCable^c Snake^c Ribbon^c Cord^c TransmissionLine^c StringOrLine^c NerveFiber^c RopeOrCable^c Yarn^c TwistedObject^c Whip^c Wick^c HairBraid^c SpinalCord^c Chain^c

Core^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Core`
Description	A ''Core'' is the ''MiddleOfAnObject'' for which the whole PhysicalObject is a ''BallLikeObject'' (not LongandThin nor Sheetlike), and the ''Core'' is surrounded on all sides by other parts of the whole Object. `Includes noun senses 1 and3 of 'core' in WordNet: 1. (5) core - (the center of an object; 'the ball has a titanium core') 3. (2) core - (the central part of the Earth)`
Super-classes	MiddleOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isNotaPartOf^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some BallLikeObject^c

CoreGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoreGroup`
Description	''CoreGroup''is a very broad type consisting of a ''Group'' of things (of any kind) that are the most important elements in a larger Group of things. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'core group' in WordNet: 1. core, nucleus, core group - (a small group of indispensable persons or things; 'five periodicals make up the core of their publishing program')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some Group^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Necessary^c
Sub-classes	Cadre^c

CoreNuclear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoreNuclear

Description

''CoreNuclear'' pertains to the ''CenterPart'' of something. Among other uses, the 'nuclear' of 'nuclear family' would be represented by this type.

          The 'core' in the label refers to the central part as
            defined in ''CoreGroup'' and RHW noun 'core'
             2.  the central, innermost, or most essential part of anything.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'nuclear' in Wordnet:
           4. (1) nuclear - (constituting or like a nucleus; 
              'annexation of the suburban fringe by the nuclear metropolis'; 
              'the nuclear core of the congregation')

Super-classes Central^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Coriander^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coriander

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coriander' in WordNet:
           1. coriander, coriander plant, Chinese parsley, cilantro, Coriandrum sativum -
              (Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley)

Super-classes HerbPlant^c

CoriolisForce^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoriolisForce

Description

''CoriolisForce'' is the Force that acts on objects moving in the Earth's ''GravitationalField'', caused by the Earth's rotation. This is noticeable in the motion of Air in Earth's atmosphere, and to some extent on liquid objects moving on the sorface of the Earth, in some cases potentially causing a spinning motion.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coriolis force' in WordNet:
        1. Coriolis force - ((physics) a force due to the earth's rotation; 
          acts on a body in motion (airplane or projectile) in a rotating 
          reference frame; in a rotating frame of reference Newton's second law 
          of motion can be made to apply if in addition to the real forces 
          acting on a body a Coriolis force and a centrifugal force are introduced)

Super-classes Force^c

Cork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cork`
Description	a compressible solid organic material, less dense than water, consisting largely of cells filled with gas, obtained from the bark of certain types of oak tree (Quercus suber) that grow near the Mediterranean Sea. For the stopper made of cork, use ''CorkStopper''. Cylindrical pieces of cork are used as stoppers in containers, such as bottles of wine. The excellence of cork for stopping bottles, for thermal and sound insulation, and as a shock-absorbing material for flooring and packaging is due to the special shape, size and structure of its cells. When loaded, the cell walls bend or buckle, giving large recoverable deflexions and large energy absorption. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cork' in WordNet: 1. (1) cork - (outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.)
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c PlantProduct^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Compressible^c isDerivedFrom^op value CorkTree^c

CorkScrew^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorkScrew

Description

A ''CorkScrew'' need not be a one-purpose tool, it can be a part of, for example, a Swiss Army Knife or something similar.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corkscrew' in WordNet:
        1. (1) corkscrew, bottle screw - (a bottle opener that pulls corks)

Super-classes HandTool^c

CorkStopper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorkStopper`
Description	A piece of Cork, usually cylindrical or slightly tapered, designed to be used to seal a container that has an open top. The use of cork to seal bottles of wine is an old tradition, but it was also used to seal laboratory glass vessels (much less now, with paraffin film more common), and sometimes thermos jars or carafes. In Cyc called 'CorkTheStopper'. `Commonly called simply a 'cork'. NOTE that these days, some cork stoppers have an attached plastic grip, and we want to include those, so it would not be accurate to say that the composition is exclusively 'Cork'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cork' in WordNet: 4. cork, bottle cork - (the plug in the mouth of a bottle (especially a wine bottle))`
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c ContainerStopper^c CompressibleObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Cork^c

CorkTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorkTree`
Description	COSMO: Quercus suber, a type of OakTree that grows near the Mediterranean, and from whose bark Cork is obtained. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cork oak' in WordNet: 1. cork oak, Quercus suber - (medium-sized evergreen oak of southern Europe and northern Africa having thick corky bark that is periodically stripped to yield commercial cork)`
Super-classes	OakTree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Cork^c

Corm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corm`
Description	`RHR 'corm': an enlarged, fleshy, bulblike base of a stem, as in the crocus. Related to 'bulb'? RHR 'bulb': 1.a a usually subterranean and often globular bud having fleshy leaves emergent at the top and a stem reduced to a flat disk, rooting from the underside, as in the onion and lily. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corm' in WordNet: 1. corm - (solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure)`
Super-classes	PlantReproductiveStructure^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Underground^c hasShape^op value Bulbous^c isTheBottomPartOf^op value Stem^c

Corn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corn`
Description	The Food consisting of multiple grains of the corn (maize, Zea mays) plant. This is a substance, not an object. The antique sense of 'corn' meaning 'grain producing plant' is not included in this type. `NOTE that meal made form Corn (grains) is not included in this type. For the ground meal (of any consistency),use 'CornMeal' The plant itself is represented as 'CornPlant'; a single grain of corn is a 'Corn-SingleGrain'; and an ear of corn is an 'EarOfCorn'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'corn' in WordNet: 2. (2) corn - (the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal)`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c CerealFood^c
Sub-classes	Popcorn^c Cracker-Jacks^c

Corn-SingleGrain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corn-SingleGrain

Description

COSMO: a single grain from a mature ear of the CornPlant (Zea mays).

    Cyc: The harvested fruit of the corn plant.

Super-classes GrainOfCereal^c

CornField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CornField`
Description	A ''CornField'' is a ''GrainField'' where ''CornPlant''a are grown. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corn field' in WordNet: 1. cornfield, corn field - (a field planted with corn)`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c GrainField^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value GrowingCorn^c

CornMeal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CornMeal

Description

Flour made from Corn, usually used as a Food.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cornmeal' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) cornmeal, Indian meal - (coarsely ground corn)

Super-classes Flour^c

CornPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CornPlant

Description

Individual corn plants, each an individual Organism. (Species Zea mays).

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corn' in WordNet:
      1. (3) corn, maize, Indian corn, Zea mays - (tall annual cereal grass 
         bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America 
         in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and 
         Central and South America since pre-Columbian times)

Super-classes Vegetable-Plant^c
CerealPlant^c

CornSyrup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CornSyrup`
Description	Corn syrup is a sweet sticky liquid made from #$CornPlant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corn syrup' in Wordnet: 1. (1) corn syrup - (syrup prepared from corn)`
Super-classes	Syrup^c Condiment^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Corn^c

Cornea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cornea`
Description	CYC: The collection of all corneas. Each instance of #$Cornea is the transparent part of the coat of an #$Eye that covers the iris (#$Iris-EyePart) and pupil (#$Pupil-EyePart) and admits light to the #$Interior of the #$Eye. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cornea' in WordNet: 1. cornea - (transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the lens and iris and is continuous with the sclera)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c OrganicObject^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value VertebrateEye^c

Corner-2d^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corner-2d

Description

CYC: The collection of all regions wherein two linear edges of a two dimensional or sheet-shaped object (i.e., considered in this context to be sheet shaped) meet to form an angle of substantially less than 180 degrees. Polygons have at least three corners each.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'corner' in WordNet:
        2. (15) corner - (the point where two lines meet or intersect; 
         'the corners of a rectangle')

Super-classes Corner-2or3d^c

Corner-2or3d^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corner-2or3d`
Description	COSMO note: this is a region of a PhysicalObject. IF 2D, it must be part of a SheetLike object. Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$Corner-2or3d is a region centered around a point where two edges of a sheet-like object meet at an angle, or where three or more surfaces (together with three or more solid edges dividing them) meet at one place forming a solid angle. Instances of #$Corner-2or3d are either #$Convex or #$Concave with respect to some perspective. Includes noun senses 1, 2 and 5 of 'corner' in WordNet: 1. (20) corner - (a place off to the side of an area; 'he tripled to the rightfield corner'; 'he glanced out of the corner of his eye') 2. (15) corner - (the point where two lines meet or intersect; 'the corners of a rectangle') 5. (5) corner - (the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect; 'the corners of a cube')
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Corner-2d^c Corner-3d^c

Corner-3d^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corner-3d`
Description	COSMO note: the corner region of a room (e.g. ''Nook'' will be an instance of this type. Cyc: The collection of all regions where three or more surfaces of an object (which is considered three dimensional in current context), and three or more #$EdgeOnObjects, meet. This includes corners of boxes, the tops of pyramids, etc. Each #$Corner-3d includes some solid angle of part of the object. For this meaning of 'nook' providing privacy, use subtype 'Nook''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'corner' in WordNet: 3. (11) corner, nook - (an interior angle formed be two meeting walls; 'a piano was in one corner of the room')
Super-classes	Corner-2or3d^c
Sub-classes	Nook^c

CornerStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CornerStone`
Description	A ''CornerStone'' is a ''ConstructionStone'' that typically is placed at one corner near the base of a Building, with an inscription usually giving the date the foundation was laid, and other information about the building. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cornerstone' in WordNet: 2. cornerstone - (a stone in the exterior of a large and important building; usually carved with a date and laid with appropriate ceremonies)`
Super-classes	ConstructionStone^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Building^c isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Building^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Inscription^c

Cornerback^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cornerback

Description

A ''Cornerback'' is one of two ''FootballBack''s who is positioned at the outside ends of the group of defensive players.

      RHW 'cornerback': one of two defensive backs positioned in the secondary between 
          the linebackers and safeties, responsible for covering the outside areas near
          the sidelines against end runs and pass plays.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cornerback' in WordNet:
          1. cornerback - (a defensive football player stationed outside the linebackers)

Super-classes FootballBack^c

Cornet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cornet`
Description	A ''HornInstrument'' with valves to modulate the notes, with the long tube coiled in an elongated oval.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cornet' in WordNet: 1. cornet, horn, trumpet, trump - (a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone; has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves)`
Super-classes	HornInstrument^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value HornInstrumentValve^c

Corny^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corny

Description

''Corny'' is an attribute of texts or speech that are too unoriginal or dull to be funny or interesting.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'corny' in Wordnet:
          1. bromidic, corny, platitudinal, platitudinous - 
              (dull and tiresome but with pretensions of significance
               or originality; "bromidic sermons")

Super-classes Uninteresting^c
Dull^c

Corolla^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corolla`
Description	A corolla is the flower's second outermost whorl and is composed of petals; it encloses and protects the reproductive organs, and is often conspicuously colored to attract insects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corolla' in WordNet: 1. corolla - ((botany) the whorl of petals of a flower that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth; 'we cultivate the flower for its corolla')`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c ObjectGroup^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Flower^c hasComponentElement^op value Petal^c

CoronaVirus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoronaVirus`
Description	CoronaVirus'' is a family of virus species, including those that cause the common cold and those causing viral influenza. `================== Wikipedia Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.`
Super-classes	InfectiousAgent^c LivingBiologicalAgent^c PathogenicVirus^c
Restrictions	causesInfectiousDisease^op value RespiratoryAilment^c
Sub-classes	CoronaVirusCOVID-19^c

CoronaVirusCOVID-19^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoronaVirusCOVID-19`
Description	''CoronaVirusCOVID-19'' is a ''CoronaVirus'' arising in Wuhan city in China that causes a novel viral ''RespiratoryAilment'' (''COVID-19_Infection'') similar to but more lethal than influenza..
Super-classes	CoronaVirus^c
Restrictions	causesInfectiousDisease^op value COVID-19_Infection^c

Coronary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coronary`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coronary' in Wordnet: 1. coronary - (surrounding like a crown (especially of the blood vessels surrounding the heart); 'coronary arteries')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

CoronaryArtery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoronaryArtery`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coronary artery' in WordNet: 1. (2) coronary artery, arteria coronaria - (the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart)`
Super-classes	BloodVessel^c

CoronaryThrombosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoronaryThrombosis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coronary thrombosis' in WordNet: 1. coronary thrombosis, coronary - (obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery by a blood clot (thrombus))`
Super-classes	Thrombosis^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Thrombus^c

Coroner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coroner`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coroner' in WordNet: 1. (5) coroner, medical examiner - (a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes)`
Super-classes	GovernmentEmployee^c HumanRole^c

Corporal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corporal

Description

A ''Corporal'' is a ''NonCommissionedOfficer'' with Rank intermediate between #$PrivateFirstClass-RankType and #$Sergeant-Rank in the U.S. Army, and between #$LanceCorporal-Rank and #$Sergeant-Rank in the U.S. Marine Corps.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corporal' in WordNet:
          1. (9) corporal - (a noncommissioned officer in the army or airforce or marines)

Super-classes NonCommissionedOfficer^c
Soldier^c

Corporate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corporate

Description

''Corporate'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''Corporation'' or some closely related or associated aspects.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'corporate' in WordNet:
             1. (4) corporate - (of or belonging to a corporation; 'corporate rates'; 'corporate structure')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CorporateOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorporateOfficer`
Description	A subcollection of #$Administrator. Each instance of #$CorporateOfficer is a person who is officially recognized as an officer of a corporation. Common types of #$CorporateOfficer include #$President-CorporateOfficer, #$VicePresident-CorporateOfficer, and #$ChiefFinancialOfficer. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'officer' in WordNet: 2. (183) officeholder, officer - (someone who is appointed or elected to an office and who holds a position of trust; 'he is an officer of the court'; 'the club elected its officers for the coming year')`
Super-classes	Administrator^c OfficerInOrganization^c
Sub-classes	VicePresident-CorporateOfficer^c ChiefExecutiveOfficer^c President-CorporateOfficer^c

Corporation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corporation`
Description	NOTE: called 'LegalCorporation' in OpenCyc. Cyc: The collection of all #$Organizations which have been incorporated in accordance with the laws of a jurisdiction. Each instance of #$LegalCorporation is a legal entity distinct from its owners and employees, and is afforded certain powers both by law and by its incorporating documents. Instances of #$LegalCorporation may be either #$CommercialOrganizations or #$NonProfitOrganizations. Each instance of #$LegalCorporation organized in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica is incorporated under the laws of a particular state, although it may be empowered to carry on activities in any state. Most American jurisdictions require that one of the words or abbreviations 'corporation', 'company', 'incorporated', 'corp', 'co, or 'inc' be included in the registered name of a corporation. Instances of #$LegalCorporation include #$IBMInc and #$Cycorp. `NOTE that this does not have to be a commercial 'business' as suggested by the Wordnet gloss. Incorporated Non-profits are included. @ToDo: This could be divided into ForProfit and NonProfit corporations. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'corporation' in Wordnet: 1. (40) corporation, corp - (a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state)`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c Organization^c
Sub-classes	PubliclyHeldCorporation^c PublicUtility^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IBM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppleCorp http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisneyCorporation http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwitterInc

Corps^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corps

Description

A ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' that is called a 'corps'. This is a GroupOfpeople that are onlyloosely associated by the type of activity they perform, so it is not an Organization and the ''Peace Corps'' would not be an instance.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'corps' in WordNet:
        2. (2) corps - (a body of people associated together; 'diplomatic corps')

Super-classes ActivityTypeFocusGroup^c

Corpse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corpse`
Description	The dead body of an animal. This type is only for a recognizable corpse, up to the point where it has decomposed sufficiently to be called a 'skeleton', at which point it is no longer a 'Corpse'. A mummy would be a 'Corpse' as long as significant skin or muscle remained. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'body' in WordNet; note that in Wordnet the word 'corpse' is reserved for human corpses - see 'HumanCorpse': in WordNet: 2. (266) body, dead body - (a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; 'they found the body in the lake')`
Super-classes	Remains^c
Restrictions	wasOfType^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	HumanCorpse^c Carcass^c HumanMummy^c Mummy^c

Corpus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corpus`
Description	A ''Corpus'' is a Group of Texts (abstract or physical) collected for any purpose. A ''Corpus'' may be all by the same Author, but can be intentionally heterogeneous, such as a text corpus collected for the purpose of representing a variety of different text types. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'corpus' in WordNet: 2. corpus - (a collection of writings; 'he edited the Hemingway corpus')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only TextType^c

Corral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corral

Description

A place where cows are kept - free to roam within the enclosure - but not free enough to escape it.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corral' in Wordnet:
              1. (2) cow pen, cattle pen, corral - (a pen for cattle)

Super-classes AnimalPen^c

Correct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correct`
Description	'Correct' is an AttributeValue of a 'Choice' or of an Action intended to achieve a purpose, or of the result of an Action (such as a measureent). A 'Choice' can be of almost any type of thing (it is a Role played by the Actions or Objects chosen). A 'Choice' that is 'Correct' is a 'CorrectChoice': it is often the result of a 'Wise' 'Choosing' (but may be a lucky guess). But every 'WiseChoosing' must result in some 'CorrectChoice'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'correct' ans sense 1 of 'right' in WordNet: 1. (6) correct, right - (free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth; 'the correct answer'; 'the correct version'; 'the right answer'; 'took the right road'; 'the right decision')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Conforming^c NonConforming^c

CorrectChoice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorrectChoice`
Description	Every 'WiseChoosing' must result in some 'CorrectChoice'.
Super-classes	Choice^c
Restrictions	wasSelectedInEvent^op some Choosing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Correct^c

CorrectSpelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorrectSpelling`
Description	A ''CorrectSpelling'' is the sequence of characters (in any phonetic language) that is the accepted manner to represent a word (spoken word) in some alphabet. This may produce a ''WrittenWord'', if not an oral communication. This is the form of a word acceptable in a 'spelling bee'. RWH: 'spelling': 1. the manner in which words are spelled; orthography. 2. a group of letters representing a word. no WN sense similar to this NOTE: it is unclear whether the only WN synset for 'orthography' rpresents the spelling of one word or the spellng of all wors in a language. It is interpreted here as including this sense,but in this sense it is not synonymous with 'writing system'. . Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'orthography' in WordNet: 1. (8) orthography, writing system - (a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols)
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Concept^c

Correcting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correcting`
Description	'Correcting' is the most general sense of the verb 'correct'; it can be a communication to a person who made some mistake, informing that person of the mistake; or it can be an action on a PhysicalObject (including a Text) that modifies the object to remove perceived errors or defects; or it can be any action that is intended to change aspects of a social system. The 'agency' involved can be that of a PhysicalObject: glasses may correct vision. The necessary Action prior to correcting is the ''Evaluating'' to identify things that need correction, so ''Evaluating'' is considered as a subevent - the evaluating and correcting can altenate when more than one aspect of a thing is subject to correction, and going back over again is not uncommon. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'correct' in RHW: 1. to set or make true, accurate, or right; remove the errors or faults from: The native guide corrected our pronunciation. The new glasses corrected his eyesight. NOTE: the Longman vocabulary only uses 'correct' in the adjective sense, but we consider this as part of the Longman word inventory. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'correct' in WordNet: 1. (15) correct, rectify, right - (make right or correct; 'Correct the mistakes'; 'rectify the calculation') WN noun 'correction': 1. (2) correction, rectification - (the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake; setting right)
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c Modification^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Correction^c hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c
Sub-classes	Editing^c TuningUp^c Remediation^c CorrectingBehavior^c Adjusting^c Reforming^c

CorrectingBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorrectingBehavior`
Description	''CorrectingBehavior'' is an Action in which some Agent (such as a Person, Organization, or social system) acts so as to cause a second Agent (Person or Organization) to act in a manner considered by the first agent to be better, usually 'better' for social purposes, not just for the purposes of the agent acting so as to motivate the second agent to change behavior. This includes the actions taken by the first agent as well as the change in action by the second agent that is considered by the first agent to be an improvement in behavior. This type does not require punishment in order to achieve the desired behavioral correction, it can be merely a verbal assertion or a warning or possible punishment. But this must follow some form of ''UndesirableBehavior''. BUT Sometimes an attempt at 'CorrectingBehavior' includes infliction of some kind of ''Punishment'' to ensure that the second agent does not repeat the offense - in that case the Action is an instance of the subtype of ''Punishing'' labeled ''Disciplining'', performed for the purpose of ''CorrectingBehavior''.
Super-classes	ModifyingBehavior^c ImprovementEvent^c Correcting^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op some UndesirableBehavior^c

Correction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correction`
Description	A ''Correction'' is any Object (abstract or physical) that is substituted for another Object by an act of ''Correcting'' - this could refer to the AbstractObject that represents words used to substitute for others, or marks on a piece of paper that are intended to replace other marks (usually words) that were considered incorrect or in error. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'correction' in WordNet: 3. (1) correction - (something substituted for an error)`
Super-classes	Substitute^c Object^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Correcting^c wasaSubstituteFor^op value Error^c

Correctional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correctional`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correctional' in WordNet: 1. correctional - (concerned with or providing correction; 'a correctional institution')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

CorrectionalInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorrectionalInstitution`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correctional institution' in WordNet: 1. correctional institution - (a penal institution maintained by the government)`
Super-classes	PenalInstitution^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Government^c
Sub-classes	Prison^c

Correctly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correctly

Description

''Correctly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'correctly' in Wordnet:
           1. (6) correctly, right, aright - (in a correct manner; 'he guessed right')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Correctness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correctness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correctness' in WordNet: 1. (2) correctness, rightness - (conformity to fact or truth)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Correct^c

Correlating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correlating`
Description	''Correlating'' is a form of ''StatisticalAnalysis'' that can recognize a ''Correlation'' if it exists, and the strength of the corelation. The result is a ''CorrelationCoefficient'' which can be close to zero. `The WN gloss is not exactly the same as statstical analysis, but could include that. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'correlate' in WordNet: 2. correlate - (bring into a mutual, complementary, or reciprocal relation; 'I cannot correlate these two pieces of information')`
Super-classes	MathematicalThing^c StatisticalAnalysis^c
Restrictions	produces^op value CorrelationCoefficient^c hasTopic^op value Correlation^c

Correlation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correlation`
Description	''Correlation'' is a form of ''ProbabilityRelation'' that is discovered by specific type of statistical analysis of quantities of data, such as in 'Deep Learning' methods. `NOTE that 'association' and 'correlation' do not necessarily imply causality between two phenomena, but are used as one type of evidence for causality. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correlation' in WordNet: 1. (9) correlation, correlativity - (a reciprocal relation between two or more things)`
Super-classes	ProbabilityRelation^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value Correlating^c isMeasuredBy^op value CorrelationCoefficient^c

CorrelationCoefficient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorrelationCoefficient

Description

''CorrelationCoefficient'' is a number calculated from comparison of two or sets of values of variable measures, to express likely value of one parameter given the value of another, and gives the possible variance and reliability of that prediction. In itself it does not prove causality.

      Includes noun senses 2 of 'correlation coefficient' in WordNet:
        2. (2) correlation coefficient, coefficient of correlation, correlation - (a statistic representing how 
           closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation)
           through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation); 
           'what is the correlation between those two variables?')

Super-classes Coefficient^c

Correspondence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correspondence`
Description	Each ''Correspondence'' is a Group of Documents each of which is a ''WrittenCommunication'', produced by 'Corresponding'' ( communicating in writing). `NOTE: in WN the gloss is ambiguous as to whether a ''correspondence' is a set of documents or a set of actions. This interprets the WH synset as the documents produced by ''Corresponding''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correspondence' in WordNet: 1. (5) correspondence - (communication by the exchange of letters)`
Super-classes	Group^c LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only WrittenCommunication^c isProducedByEventType^op only Corresponding^c

Correspondent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Correspondent`
Description	A ''Correspondent'' is a person who communicates by letter (snail mail). This is usually used in relation to a specific person - a Person's correspondent is one with whom the Person exchanges letters. Not clear if ''Correspondent'' in this sense is ever applied to a person other than with resect to another specific person. `What word for emailer?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correspondent' in WordNet: 1. (3) correspondent, letter writer - (someone who communicates by means of letters)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WritingaLetter^c

Corresponding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corresponding`
Description	Each ''Corresponding'' is a Group of Actions each of which is a ''CommunicatingInWriting''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'correspond' in WordNet: 3. (3) correspond - (exchange messages; "My Russian pen pal and I have been corresponding for several years")`
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c Group^c Informing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only CommunicatingInWriting^c produces^op value Correspondence^c isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c

Corrosion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corrosion`
Description	An Event in which an artifact made of iron or an iron alloy rusts in air; this is an oxidation event. This is restricted to artifacts, and therefore can be classified as a 'DeteriorationEvent'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'corrode' and by verb senses 1 and 2 of 'corrode' in WordNet: 1. corrosion - (a state of deterioration in metals caused by oxidation or chemical action) 2. corrosion, corroding, erosion - (erosion by chemical action) WN 'corrode': 1. (1) corrode, eat, rust - (cause to deteriorate due to the action of water, air, or an acid; 'The acid corroded the metal'; 'The steady dripping of water rusted the metal stopper in the sink') 2. corrode, rust - (become destroyed by water, air, or an etching chemical such as an acid; 'The metal corroded'; 'The pipes rusted')
Super-classes	DeteriorationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Etching^c Rusting^c

Corrugation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corrugation`
Description	A ''Corrugation'' is a series of parallel ''Ridge''s on a relatively flat PhysicalObject. The ''Ridge''s should not be larger than a thick log (e.g. 1 foot diameter on a roadway with a log bed) but can down to 2mm, a touch-perceptible size `In WN, only one of the ridges is a 'corrugation' but this type includes all of the ridges. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corrugation' in WordNet: 1. corrugation - (a ridge on a corrugated surface)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c ObjectGroup^c PhysicalFeature^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c hasComponentElement^op only Ridge^c

Corrupt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corrupt

Description

An AttributeValue of people who are disposed to ''Corruption-Activity'', a form of dishonesty.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'corrupt' in Wordnet:
       2. crooked, corrupt - (not straight; dishonest or immoral or evasive)

Super-classes Dishonest^c

Corrupted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corrupted

Description

Something ''Corrupted'' is something has has been made worse by a ''Corrupting'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense  of 'corrupted' in Wordnet:
          2. corrupted, debased, vitiated - (ruined in character or quality)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Worsened^c
Bad^c

Corrupting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corrupting`
Description	''Corrupting' is a ''Modification' of a Person that makes it worse by some moral criterion. This is not the same as ''Corruption-Activity'', which is a criminal act, and in which the Agent is already 'corrupted'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corrupt' in WordNet: 1. (1) corrupt, pervert, subvert, demoralize, demoralise, debauch, debase, profane, vitiate, deprave, misdirect - (corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality; 'debauch the young people with wine and women'; 'Socrates was accused of corrupting young men'; 'Do school counselors subvert young children?'; 'corrupt the morals')
Super-classes	WorseningEvent^c Modification^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Person^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Corrupted^c

Corruption-Activity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corruption-Activity`
Description	Any of a variety of actions taken by a Person who has authority over other persons or over distribution of money, taken at least in part for personal gain. CYC: A collection of actions. Each instance of #$Corruption-Activity is a criminal action that subverts the proper, legal, and just operation of some procedure in government or in the private sector. Under corruption we include both offering inducements to cheat and accepting them. Thus types of corruption include both offering and accepting bribes, and the various species of graft. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corruption' in WordNet: 1. (1) corruptness, corruption - (lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain)
Super-classes	Crime^c Dishonesty^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value PersonalGain^c isPerformedBy^op some PublicOfficial^c

Corset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corset`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corset' in Wordnet: 1. corset, girdle, stays - (a woman's close-fitting foundation garment)`
Super-classes	Underwear^c

Cortex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cortex`
Description	A ''Cortex'' is an ''AnimalOrganPart'' that on the outer surface of some animal ''Organ''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cortex' in WordNet: 2. (1) cortex - (the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal)`
Super-classes	AnimalOrganPart^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value InternalOrgan^c
Sub-classes	CerebralCortex^c AdrenalCortex^c

Corticosteroid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corticosteroid`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corticosteroid' in WordNet: 1. (1) corticosteroid, corticoid, adrenal cortical steroid - (a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response; 'adrenal cortical steroids are used to treat many different conditions')`
Super-classes	Steroid^c
Sub-classes	Corticosterone^c Glucocorticoid^c

Corticosterone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corticosterone

Description

A #$Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It is important for glucose absorption and utilization of carbohydrates by body tissues.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corticosterone' in WordNet:
          1. corticosterone - (secreted by the adrenal cortex; 
            involved in regulating water and electrolyte balance in the body)

Super-classes Corticosteroid^c

Cortisone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cortisone

Description

The steroid hormone.

    RHW: 1.  Biochem. a steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex,
        C21H28O5, active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism.

    CYC: A #$Glucocorticoid synthesized in the adrenal
        cortex May also be prepared synthetically.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cortisone' in WordNet:
         1. cortisone, Cortone Acetate - (a corticosteroid hormone 
            (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by 
            the adrenal cortex; is converted to hydrocortisone)

Super-classes Glucocorticoid^c
SteroidHormone^c

Corundum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Corundum`
Description	An #$AluminumOxide #$Mineral from which the #$GemStones #$Ruby-Gem and #$Sapphire-Gem are derived. `RHW: a common mineral, aluminum oxide, Al2O3, notable for its hardness: transparent varieties, as sapphire and ruby, are used as gems, other varieties as abrasives: often made synthetically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corundum' in WordNet: 1. corundom, corundum - (very hard mineral used as an abrasive)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Sub-classes	SapphireStuff^c

CorvineBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CorvineBird`
Description	Any bird of the crow family Corvus. `NOTE: some European crows are black and gray, not all black. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corvine bird' in WordNet: 1. corvine bird - (birds of the crow family)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	Raven^c Crow^c

CosLettuce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CosLettuce`
Description	'''CosLettuce'' is a type of Lettuce. This is the food, not the plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cos lettuce' in WordNet: 2. cos, cos lettuce, romaine, romaine lettuce - (lettuce with long dark-green leaves in a loosely packed elongated head)`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c Lettuce-Foodstuff^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value LettucePlant^c

Cosmetic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cosmetic

Description

''Cosmetic'' modifies the argument to specify that the argument relates to 'enhancing the appearance'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cosmetic' in Wordnet:
           2. cosmetic, enhancive - (serving an aesthetic purpose 
            in beautifying the body; 'cosmetic surgery'; 'enhansive makeup')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CosmeticLotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CosmeticLotion`
Description	A ''CosmeticLotion'' is any mostly liquid substance that is applied to the skin and used for cosmetic purposes. `CYC 'Lotion': #$Lotion is a collection of lotions. Lotions are opaque, fluid, tangible stuff applied externally on the skin. Lotions are less viscous than creams. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lotion' in WordNet: 1. (1) lotion - (any of various cosmetic preparations that are applied to the skin)`
Super-classes	ToiletrySubstance^c LiquidSubstance^c ProductSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ApplyingStuffToTheSkin^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Viscous^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Beautifying^c

CosmeticMeasures^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CosmeticMeasures`
Description	''CosmeticMeasures'' is the content of a Policy by any Organization executive who decide to avoid difficult or expensive solutions to a problem, and to substitute less difficult measures so as to appear to be dealing with the problem, rather than actually do things that can make a meaningful difference in the problem. `No WN sense. RHW 'cosmetics': 2. cosmetics, superficial measures to make something appear better, more attractive, or more impressive: The budget committee opted for cosmetics instead of a serious urban renewal plan.`
Super-classes	SubstituteThing^c Policy^c
Restrictions	improves^op value Appearance^c

CosmeticSurgery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CosmeticSurgery`
Description	CYC: Surgery which is done primarily for appearance's sake, rather than functional. NOTE: WN conflates 'cosmetc surgery' generally and a 'Facelift'. This is for the more general surgery (including breast recostruction and weight reduction). This corresponds only to part of WN ''Cosmetic surgery'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cosmetic surgery' in WordNet: 1. face lift, facelift, lift, face lifting, cosmetic surgery, rhytidectomy, rhytidoplasty, nip and tuck - (plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised; 'some actresses have more than one face lift')
Super-classes	PlasticSurgery^c
Sub-classes	FaceLift^c

Cosmic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cosmic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cosmic' in Wordnet: 1. (7) cosmic - (of or from or pertaining to or characteristic of the cosmos or universe; 'cosmic laws'; 'cosmic catastrophe'; 'cosmic rays')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

CosmicRay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CosmicRay`
Description	A ''CosmicRay'' is a form of ''IonizingRadiation'' that comes from some ''OuterSpaceRegion''. It is typically of very high energy and may come from ny of several subatomic particles (mostly protons), and can create multiple other kinds of radiation by collision with matter in the atmosphere. NOTE: this type includes a single 'cosmic ray' and the generic 'cosic radiation' that can be considered as multiple cosmic rays. This is adopted because a ''CosmicRay'' is not just one type of particle. These concepts may be distinguished (as in Wordnet) if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cosmic ray' in WordNet: 1. cosmic ray - (highly penetrating ionizing radiation of extraterrestrial origin; consisting chiefly of protons and alpha particles; collision with atmospheric particles results in rays and particles of many kinds) WN noun 'cosmic radiation': 1. cosmic radiation - (radiation consisting of cosmic rays)
Super-classes	IonizingRadiation^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value AlphaRay^c

CosmicTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CosmicTime`
Description	''CosmicTime'' is a term taken from WordNet to refer to intervals of time (and time points) that are relative to the rotation of the Earth and the movement of Earth and other planets in space. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cosmic time' in WordNet: 1. cosmic time - (the time covered by the physical formation and development of the universe)`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Sub-classes	SolsticeTime^c

Cosmologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cosmologist`
Description	A ''Cosmologist'' is an ''Astrophysicist'' who does research on the the origins and development of the whole universe (''RealWorld''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cosmologist' in WordNet: 1. cosmologist - (an astronomer who studies the evolution and space-time relations of the universe)`
Super-classes	Physicist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Cosmology^c

Cosmology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cosmology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cosmology' in WordNet: 2. cosmology, cosmogony, cosmogeny - (the branch of astrophysics that studies the origin and evolution and structure of the universe)`
Super-classes	Astrophysics^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Cosmologist^c hasTopic^op value DevelopmentOfTheUniverse^c hasTopic^op value OriginOfTheUniverse^c

Cosmopolitan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cosmopolitan

Description

''Cosmopolitan'' is the attribute of a GroupOfPeople of people who have travelled widely (are ''WidelyTraveled'') or of a place having many of such people.

      NOTE: the WN gloss includes examples referring to individual people that are 
          represented in ''WidelyTraveled'', though there is no separate WN sense for 
          that concept.  This is represented as a parent attribute of  ''WidelyTraveled'',
          so as to interrpret this attribute as a mixture of senses characterizing
          people and places, with ''WidelyTraveled'' focused on the people.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cosmopolitan' in Wordnet:
           2. cosmopolitan - (composed of people from or at home in many parts of the world;
             especially not provincial in attitudes or interests; 'his cosmopolitan benevolence
             impartially extended to all races and to all creeds'- T.B. Macaulay; 
             'the ancient and cosmopolitan societies of Syria and Egypt';
             'that queer, cosmopolitan, rather sinister crowd found around the Marseilles docks')

Super-classes WidelyTraveled^c

Cost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cost`
Description	Cost is an AttributeType whose associated AttributeValues specify what must be given in exchange for something that one wants. A cost may be a quantity of money measure, in which case it is an instance of 'Price', or it may be some in-kind action that a person must perform in exchange. It can also be the effort or exertion required to achieve some ''Goal''. For the more specific Cost measured in monetary units use the subtype 'MonetaryCost', or for something on sale to the public, a 'Price'. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'cost' and noun sense 3 of 'price' and sense 3 of 'value' in WordNet: 3. (17) price, cost, toll - (value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something; 'the cost in human life was enormous'; 'the price of success is hard work'; 'what price glory?') WN noun 'value': 3. (14) value, economic value - (the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else; 'he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices')
Super-classes	Value^c
Sub-classes	MonetaryCost^c

Cost-Effective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cost-Effective

Description

''Cost-Effective'' is an '''IntensiveAttributeValue'' that may have higher or lower degrees; for example: 'most cost-effective' or 'least cost-effective' or 'more cost-effective' or 'less cost-effective'. These subtypes may be subtypes of 'efficient' or 'inefficient'. The assignment of a degree of 'cost-effectiveness will depend on how one calculates costs and output.

     By default, characterizing some procedure as 'cost-effective' means that it is
         efficient (costs less), relative to other methods of achieving the same result.
         Diffferent methods of quantifying the costs can result in different scales of
         cost-effectiveness, as when some 'costs' (such as pollution or other side-effects)
         may be ignored or taken into account.  Robotic telephone answering devices may seem
         very cost-efective for the organization using them, while wasting time of the other
         communicating party, whose value is ignored.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cost-effective' in WordNet:
        1. cost-efficient, cost-effective - (productive relative to the cost)

Super-classes EffectivenessValue^c

CostOfPurchase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CostOfPurchase`
Description	''CostOfPurchase'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) that was transferred in some ''SpendingMoney'' Action by an Agent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cost' in WordNet: 1. (379) cost - (the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor)`
Super-classes	Expenditure^c
Sub-classes	PaymentAmount^c

Costume^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Costume`
Description	A 'Costume'' is some distinctive ''Attire'' worn for some non-routine purpose, such as a CostumePArty or ball or for Play-Acting or for Halloween parties or trick-or-treating. Excludes business attire or casual dress. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'costume' in WordNet: 1. (7) costume - (the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball; 'he won the prize for best costume') 4. costume - (the attire characteristic of a country or a time or a social class; 'he wore his national costume')`
Super-classes	Attire^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CostumeParty^c

CostumeParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CostumeParty`
Description	A ''CostumeParty'' is a ''party'' at which people wear ''Costume''s, sometimes focused on particular themes or historical times. `Term 'mask'? rare usage? Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'masquerade' (not necessarily wearing masks) in WordNet: 1. masquerade, masquerade party, masque, mask - (a party of guests wearing costumes and masks)`
Super-classes	Party^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value WearingaCostume^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value WearingaMask^c

Cot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cot

Description

A ''Bed'' that can be folded or rolled up so that it can be easily transported (is ''Portable'').

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cot' in Wordnet:
         3. cot, camp bed - (a small bed that folds up for storage or transport)

Super-classes Bed^c
PortableObject^c

Cottage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cottage`
Description	A small residential building, and often with only one storey and a few rooms. `Create parent with one or two stories and subtype? CYC: A small house, not necessarily modern, that is most likely in a rural area. RHW 'cottage': 1. a small house, usually of only one story. RHW bungalow: 1. a cottage of one story. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cottage' in WordNet: 1. (4) bungalow, cottage - (a small house with a single story)`
Super-classes	House^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

CottageCheese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CottageCheese`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cottage cheese' in WordNet: 1. cottage cheese, pot cheese, farm cheese, farmer's cheese - (mild white cheese made from curds of soured skim milk)`
Super-classes	Paste^c Cheese^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lumpy^c

Cotton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cotton`
Description	A Substance derived from the seed ('boll') of the Cotton plant (genus Gossypium) that is composed of fibers which are about 91% cellulose. `Includes both the ray and processed senses of 'cotton' in WordNet, both of which refer to a substance of the same composition. Distinctions are not yet made (rev975). in WordNet: 1. (6) cotton, cotton fiber, cotton wool - (soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state) 2. (2) cotton, cotton cloth - (fabric woven from cotton fibers)`
Super-classes	FibrousSubstance^c PlantProduct^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CottonPlant^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Cellulose^c

CottonBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CottonBall`
Description	This ''CottonBall'' is a small roundish ball of ''Cotton'', used for cosmetic or medical purposes to apply or remove substances from the skin, or for various other functions using a small quantity of absorbant material. `For medical purposes, 'cotton batting' (not yet represented) is also used.`
Super-classes	CleaningDevice^c HandHeldObject^c Device-UserControlled^c FingerSizedObject^c Device-OneTimeUse^c PersonalHygieneProduct^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Cotton^c

CottonBoll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CottonBoll`
Description	The fruit of the cotton plant; a capsule containing cottonseeds and the downy fibers in which they are embedded. In CYC this is a 'fruit' though it is not edible. `Favorite haunt of the 'boll weevil'. ??What fraction of the Boll by weight is ''Cotton''?? Corresponds to part (for cotton) of noun sense 1 of 'boll' in WordNet: 1. boll - (the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value CottonPlant^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Cotton^c

CottonPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CottonPlant

Description

Any of several species of plant from the seeds of which Cotton is derived.

  The remainder of this comment is From the USDA site:
          http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/cotton.html
  Four species of the genus Gossypium are known as cotton, which is grown primarily
   for the seed hairs that are made into textiles. Cotton is predominant as a 
   textile fiber because the mature dry hairs twist in such a way that fine,
   strong threads can be spun from them. Other products, such as cottonseed oil,
   cake, and cotton linters are byproducts of fiber production.

  Cotton, a perennial plant cultivated as an annual, is grown in the United States mostly 
   in areas from Virginia southward and westward to California, in an area often referred 
   to as the Cotton Belt (McGregor, 1976).

  Taxonomy of Cotton
  The genus Gossypium, a member of the Malvaceae, consists of 39 species, four of which
   are generally cultivated (Fryxell, 1984). The most commonly cultivated species, 
   G. hirsutum L., is the subject of this EA. Other cultivated species are G. arboreum L.,
   G. barbadense L., and G. herbaceum L.

  Four species of Gossypium occur in the United States (Fryxell, 1979; Kartesz and Kartesz, 1980).
   Gossypium hirsutum is the primary cultivated cotton. Gossypium barbadense is also cultivated.
   The other two species, G. thurberi Todaro and G. tomentosum Nuttall ex Seemann,
   are wild plants of Arizona and Hawaii, respectively. Gossypium tomentosum is known from
   a few strand locations very close to the ocean.

Super-classes DicotSubclass^c

Cotyledon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cotyledon

Description

The first leaf (leaves) of seed plants; plays an important role in nurturing the developing embryo and seedling.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cotyledon' in WordNet:
          1. cotyledon, seed leaf - (embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants)

Super-classes Leaf^c

Cough-AilmentCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cough-AilmentCondition`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of the condition in which one suffers from regular instances of the collection #$Coughing. `The AilmentCondition 'cough' is not represented in WOrdNet, only the act. For the act see 'coughing' in WordNet: 1. cough, coughing - (sudden expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Coughing^c

CoughDrop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoughDrop`
Description	A small object which, when sucked on, helps relieve coughing, often by coating the throat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cough drop' in WordNet: 1. cough drop, troche, pastille, pastil - (a medicated lozenge used to soothe the throat)`
Super-classes	Lozenge^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value CoughMedicine^c

CoughMedicine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoughMedicine`
Description	Any substance that is intended to be used to suppress cough, and can be sold without a doctor's prescription. This is a substance, and may be sold in liquid or solid form. The liquid form is referred to as 'cough syrup'
Super-classes	OverTheCounterDrug^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTreatAilment^op value Cough-AilmentCondition^c

Coughing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coughing

Description

A single coughing event - a spasmodic exhalation of the lungs sometimes due to a lung or throat irritant.

        This seems to correspond to both sense 1 and 2 of 'cough'
        in WordNet - the sense of 'Cough-Ailment' does not
        appear to be present in WordNet:
        1. cough, coughing - (sudden expulsion of air from the lungs 
           that clears the air passages; a common symptom of 
           upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis)
        2. cough, coughing - (the act of exhaling air suddenly with a noise)

Super-classes Exhaling^c
EmittingSound^c
BodyMovementEvent^c

Council^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Council

Description

In Cyc called 'Council-Organization'.

    Cyc: The collection of all councils. A council may,
        depending on it's purpose, operate in an advisory,
        executive, or legislative capacity.

     This corresponds to sense 1 of 'council' in RHW:
     2. a body of persons specially designated or selected to act in
        an advisory, administrative, or legislative capacity:
        the governor's council on housing.

     This corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'council'
     in WordNet, but may be somewhat broader, as it includes 
     advisory councils.  Sense 3 in Wordnet appears to be only for
     one-time meetings, and long-term advisory councils do not
     seem to be represented.  It may be that sense 1 in WordNet should
     also represent advisory councils, though it only says 'administrative'

     in WordNet:
      1. (8) council - (a body serving in an administrative capacity;
         'student council')

      3. council - (a meeting of people for consultation; 'emergency council')

Super-classes Organization^c

Councillor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Councillor`
Description	A ''Councillor'' is a ''Member'' of some ''Concil''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'councillor' in WordNet: 1. council member, councillor - (a member of a council)`
Super-classes	PartyInRole^c Member^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some Council^c

Counselor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counselor`
Description	A ''Counselor'' is an ''Advisor'' who advises about specific problems. This can be a paid professional or any other person such as a priest who counsels parishioners. ~~~~~ PersonalProblem Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counselor' in WordNet: 1. (3) counselor, counsellor - (someone who gives advice about problems)
Super-classes	Advisor^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ConsultingService^c performsAction^op value GuidingaPerson^c

Countenance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Countenance`
Description	'Countenance' is the Appearance of a person's face (a pattern on the face). This includes any pattern of the face, not just expressions of emotion. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'countenance' and sense 2 of 'visage' and includes sense 1 of 'look' and sense 2 of 'face' (which are also represented by the be a subtype 'Expression') of WordNet - WN NOTE that 'face' in this sense is usually prefixed by an emotion word WN 'sad face', 'angry face': in WordNet: 1. (6) countenance, visage - (the appearance conveyed by a person's face; 'a pleasant countenance'; 'a stern visage') WN noun 'face': 2. (23) expression, look, aspect, facial expression, face - (the feelings expressed on a person's face; 'a sad expression'; 'a look of triumph'; 'an angry face')
Super-classes	Appearance^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some PersonalAppearance^c

Counter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counter`
Description	A ''Counter'' is a ''"Table-Furniture''.that is often longer than it is wide, and is not usually used for eating, but in a kitchen may be used for preparing food and in a place of business used for transacting business between staff and customers, and is also the flat surface on which objects of metal or wood are hold while they are being assebled or mdified. These subtypes can be created and the additional detail added. A ''Counter'' is typically used to hold objects that are being manipulated while a Person is standing, and is therefore at a level 3 to 4 feet about the floor. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counter' in WordNet: 1. (3) counter - (table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted)`
Super-classes	Table-Furniture^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c
Sub-classes	DrinkBar^c Buffet^c CheckoutCounter^c

CounterTerrorism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CounterTerrorism`
Description	''CounterTerrorism'' is a ''Strategy'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counterterrorism' in WordNet: 1. counterterrorism - (a strategy intended to prevent or counter terrorism)`
Super-classes	Strategy^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value PreventingTerrorism^c enablesOrAssists^op value PreventingTerrorism^c

CounterTop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CounterTop`
Description	A ''CounterTop'' is a ''TableTop'' that is part of a ''Counter''. This is typically used to hold objects that are being manipulated while a Person is standing, and is therefore at a level 3 to 4 feet about the floor. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'countertop' in WordNet: 1. countertop - (the top side of a counter)`
Super-classes	TableTop^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op value Counter^c

Counteracting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counteracting`
Description	This sense of ''Counteracting'' can be used for effects of drugs or treatments that 'counteract' the effects of toxins or other drugs or illnesses, as well as counteracting actions of other agents. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'counteract' in WordNet: 3. (1) counteract, countervail, neutralize, counterbalance - (oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary actions; 'This will counteract the foolish actions of my colleagues')`
Super-classes	Offsetting^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Equilibrium^c

Counterclockwise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counterclockwise

Description

''Counterclockwise'' is a ''DirectionOfRotation'' for things that 'rotate' in some manner, such as a pointer on a dial that rotates around the center of the dial, or objects or events that move sequentially around some circular group of objects on a surface, such as things passed from Person to Person who are sitting at a table. This can apply to 'turns' at performing some action that are 'rotated' among some group that are an the same plane, where the reference point of viewing to determine the direction is from above the plane.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'counterclockwise' in Wordnet:
          1. counterclockwise, anticlockwise, contraclockwise -
             (in the direction opposite to the rotation of the hands of a clock)

Super-classes DirectionOfRotation^c

Counterfeit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counterfeit

Description

''Counterfeit'' is the subattribute of ''Simulated'' characterizing objects that are ''Simulated'' and also produced with the intention of being sold or traded with the pretense that they are genuine. They are 'intended to deceive'.

       ''Counterfeit'' is a property of a copy or forgery of 
       some Object whose source is an important property - an antique, 
       a rare item, an item made by some famous agent (person or
       company).  An original would be ''Authentic''.

       Most common usage is for counterfeit money.
       Products made to resemble expensive consumer products but made
        by a different manufacturer ('knock-offs') are have this attribute ''Counterfeit''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'counterfeit' in Wordnet:
           1. counterfeit, imitative - (not genuine; imitating something superior;
              'counterfeit emotion'; 'counterfeit money'; 'counterfeit works of art'; 
              'a counterfeit prince')
         WN adj 'fake':
           1. (7) bogus, fake, phony, phoney, bastard - (fraudulent; having a misleading appearance)
           2. fake, false, faux, imitation, simulated - (not genuine or real; 
              being an imitation of the genuine article; "it isn't fake anything; 
              it's real synthetic fur"; "faux pearls"; "false teeth"; 
              "decorated with imitation palm leaves"; "a purse of simulated alligator hide")

Super-classes Copied^c
Simulated^c

Countering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Countering`
Description	Each ''Countering'' is an ''Answering'' that is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s)replies to a prior assertion by another agent by presenting arguments to that the prior Assertion is false, or that the justification for the prior Assertion is false. This is not exactly the same as ''Denying'',in that a 'Countering'' argument is not usually in context an assertion of true knowledge about the thing asserted, but only an assertion that the argument is improbable based on known facts and reasoning. A ''Countering'' argument usually casts doubt on arguments in favor of an Assertion. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'counter' in WordNet: 1. (2) counter - (speak in response; 'He countered with some very persuasive arguments')`
Super-classes	Answering^c AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some RequestingOrProposing^c

Counterpart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counterpart

Description

A ''Counterpart'' is an ''EquivalentThing'' for which the equivalence is in some respect functional, not in a numerical value.
Restriction NOT specified rev1433

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counterpart' in WordNet:
             1. (12) counterpart, opposite number, vis-a-vis - 
               (a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another)

Super-classes EquivalentThing^c

Counterpoint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counterpoint

Description

''Counterpoint'' is a form of Music involving two melodies playing simultaneously. The metaphorical usage of 'counterpoint' to refer to contrasting things is not yet (rev1541) represented.

       RHW:  1. Music. the art of combining melodies.
             2. Music. the texture resulting from the combining of individual melodic lines.
             3. a melody composed to be combined with another melody.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counterpoint' in WordNet:
          1. (2) counterpoint - (a musical form involving the simultaneous sound of two or more melodies)

Super-classes Music^c

Counterproductive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counterproductive

Description

''Counterproductive'' is an atribute of Actions that impede or hinder some Goal of an Agent, though it is performed with the intention of achieving that goal.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'counterproductive' in Wordnet:
           1. counterproductive - (tending to hinder the achievement of a goal)

Super-classes Bad^c

Countess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Countess

Description

CYC: The collection of all countesses, or female persons who hold hereditary count titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like #$France, #$Italy, #$Spain, or the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Earl and #$Count-Nobleman.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'countess' in WordNet:
          1. countess - (female equivalent of a count or earl)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
FemalePerson^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c

Counting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Counting`
Description	A specialization of #$Evaluating. Each instance of this collection is an event in which at least one agent evaluates the numeric quantity of some (reasonably discrete) group of things by assigning numbers to each thing in turn. The items counted may not necessarily be tangible objects (e.g, close your eyes and count to 10 , a mathematician counting the number of primes between 1 and 100). See also #$CountingDevice. `SUMO: Enumerating something. The Class of Calculating Processes where the aim is to determine the Number corresponding to the patient. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'count' in WordNet: 1. (23) count, number, enumerate, numerate - (determine the number or amount of; 'Can you count the books on your shelf?'; 'Count your change')`
Super-classes	DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c SeriesWithoutRepetition^c Evaluating^c
Sub-classes	Census^c

Countless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Countless

Description

''Countless'' is a QuantitativeAttributeValue that is also a ''VerbalQuantifier'', a unique type because of its unique meaning - infinite. Nothing else like it.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'countless' in Wordnet:
        1. (5) countless, infinite, innumerable, innumerous, multitudinous, 
             myriad, numberless, uncounted, unnumberable, unnumbered, unnumerable -
             (too numerous to be counted; 'incalculable riches'; 'countless hours'; 
             'an infinite number of reasons'; 'innumerable difficulties'; 
             'the multitudinous seas'; 'myriad stars'; 'untold thousands')

Super-classes Untold^c

Country^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Country`
Description	COSMO: A GeopoliticalEntity which is usually called a 'country' or 'nation'. This will be the most common referent for a country in relations in the ontology, unless the government or the area of the country is specifically intended as the referent. NOTE that a Country is not the land area nor the government, but a composite entity: It is a MentalObject which is not a PhysicalObject. A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government, which is also an agent. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Each instance of #$Country is a nation-state having its own territory, population, and government, whether or not it is fully independent. For example, #$Scotland is an instance of #$Country, even though it is a part of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland. See also the important specialization #$IndependentCountry. NOTE: 'nation-state' is a term not in WordNet, but is defined in RHW: RHW 'nation-state': a sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'country' and sense 1 of 'nation' and sense 3 of 'state' in WordNet: 2. (257) state, nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic - (a politically organized body of people under a single government; 'the state has elected a new president'; 'African nations'; 'students who had come to the nation's capitol'; 'the country's largest manufacturer'; 'an industrialized land')
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c Jurisdiction^c
Restrictions	claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory^op only CountryRegion^c
Sub-classes	Homeland^c AsianCountry^c ForeignCountry^c Kingdom^c Superpower^c
In domain of	hasISO3166_Digraph^dp hasHeadOfGovernment^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maldives http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Luxembourg http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Burundi http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CostaRica http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philippines http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Benin http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#St.PierreAndMiquelon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guam http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Colombia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Angola http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Georgia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lithuania http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaymanIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Korea-North http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Austria http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SovietUnion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nauru http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tanzania http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chad http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#India http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SvalbardAndJanMayenIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mozambique http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeardAndMcDonaldIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guadeloupe http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewCaledonia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mauritius http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yugoslavia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SierraLeone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kuwait http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ukraine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Botswana http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanEmpire http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mexico http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlovakRepublic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthernMarianaIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iran http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belgium http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyprus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Latvia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#France http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somalia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmericanSamoa http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Comoros http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Niger http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BouvetIsland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SanMarino http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiji http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Germany http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jamaica http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#St.Helena http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iceland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Libya http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guyana http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bosnia-Herzegovina http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#France-Metropolitan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreatBritain http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurkinaFaso http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Argentina http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rwanda http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malaysia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palau http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mongolia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaintKittsAndNevis http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hungary http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yemen http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristmasIsland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mauritania http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turkey http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Namibia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Samoa http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bangladesh http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afghanistan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Estonia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malta http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElSalvador http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uruguay http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Aruba http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bolivia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dominica http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Czechoslovakia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedArabEmirates http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Switzerland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AntiguaAndBarbuda http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Macau http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chile http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Armenia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nepal http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IvoryCoast http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Netherlands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#S.GeorgiaAndS.SandwichIsls. http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seychelles http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cambodia-Internet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Italy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tajikistan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ireland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nicaragua http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tunisia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pitcairn http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuba http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecuador http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tokelau http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palestine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaoTomeAndPrincipe http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CapeVerde http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gambia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turkmenistan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guatemala http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syria http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cambodia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ghana http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeutralZone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorfolkIsland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reunion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VirginIslands-British http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchPolynesia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kazakhstan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallisAndFutunaIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Brazil http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indonesia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ByzantineEmpire http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sudan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Korea-South http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mali http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uzbekistan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VaticanCityState http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Niue http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthAfrica http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zaire http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honduras http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liechtenstein http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Israel http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slovenia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gibraltar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolomonIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Barbados http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CentralAfricanRepublic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurksAndCaicosIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morocco http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Qatar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaintVincentAndTheGrenadines http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cocos-KeelingIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RussianFederation http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchSouthernTerritories http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zambia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oman http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Australia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Azerbaijan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malawi http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venezuela http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moldova http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Togo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#US_MinorOutlyingIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CookIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Congo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greece http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrinidadAndTobago http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Congo-DemocraticRepublic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedKingdom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egypt http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BosniaAndHerzegovina http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Algeria http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spain http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Serbia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarshallIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BritishIndianOceanTerritory http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anguilla http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CzechRepublic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nigeria http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tuvalu http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Madagascar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Micronesia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#England http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mayotte http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monaco http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Japan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scotland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greenland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bahrain http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panama http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FalklandIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taiwan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewZealand http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaudiArabia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HongKong http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesOfAmerica http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vanuatu http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uganda http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bermuda http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Singapore http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Andorra http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Senegal http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kiribati http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Portugal http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antarctica http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bulgaria http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Montserrat http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lebanon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tonga http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guinea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USSR http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suriname http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaintLucia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Haiti http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Canada http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paraguay http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iraq http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belarus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wales http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Myanmar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EquatorialGuinea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cameroon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vietnam http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zimbabwe http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gabon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jordan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kyrgyzstan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethiopia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EastTimor http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bhutan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SriLanka http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Albania http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NetherlandsAntilles http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BruneiDarussalam http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VirginIslands-U.S. http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thailand http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kenya http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denmark http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Norway http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweden http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bahamas http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peru http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaroeIslands http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Romania http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Belize http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Macedonia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eritrea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laos http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lesotho http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guinea-Bissau http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Russia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grenada http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WesternSahara http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Croatia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liberia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DominicanRepublic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchGuiana http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swaziland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Djibouti http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PapuaNewGuinea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Martinique

CountryArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryArea`
Description	A ''CountryArea'' is the ''GeographicalArea'' (PhysicalObjects) contained within the ''GeographicalRegion'' ( a Reion of space controlled by a ''Country'' (a ''GeopoliticalEntity'') that is an ''IntelligentAgent') that has a Governmental system that makes laws and determines the relations with other ''Country''s. A ''GeographicalArea'' whose boundaries are the same As those of a ''Country'' and ''CountryRegion'' The distinctions between a ''GeographicalArea'' and a ''GeographicalRegion'' and a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' are sometimes vague in text, but when one 'tours a country' it is the ''CountryArea'' being toured, and when a ''Country' does some action,it is usually the ''Country'' as a Geopoliticla entty that is doing that. Sometimes people talk about countries doing thing when they mean the people of that country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'country' in WordNet: 1. (276) country, state, land - (the territory occupied by a nation; 'he returned to the land of his birth'; 'he visited several European countries')
Super-classes	HumanResidenceArea^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some (CountryRegion^c or Country^c)

CountryBorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryBorder`
Description	The intangible line that separates two adjacent countries. (i.e. it separates the areas of two ''CountryRegion''s. This meaning is explicitly represented by the restriction referencing (exactly one pair of) 'AdjacentCountries', a subtype of ''PairOfCountries''. `'South of the border' no exact WN sense for this concept, which is included in 'border'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'border' (between countries) in WordNet: 1. (5) boundary line, border, borderline, delimitation, mete - (a line that indicates a boundary)`
Super-classes	GeographicalBoundary^c GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op max 1

CountryCode2^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryCode2`
Description	Each instance of CountryCode2 is a 2-character Code representing a Country, using ISO3166 codes. The name of the code, in order to make it unique, should be prefixed by a 'CC2_' string. The remainder of the string will be the actual CountryCode.
Super-classes	CodeSymbol^c AbstractString^c

CountryCode3^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryCode3`
Description	Each instance of CountryCode3 is a 3-character Code representing a Country, using ISO3166 codes. The name of the code, in order to make it unique, should be prefixed by a 'CC3_' string. The remainder of the string will be the actual CountryCode.
Super-classes	CodeSymbol^c AbstractString^c

CountryGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryGovernment`
Description	CountryGovernment is the Organization that forms the Government of a country (=nation) and controls the CountryRegion of that Country. From Cyc: A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Each instance of #$Country is a nation-state having its own territory, population, and government, whether or not it is fully independent. For example, #$Scotland is an instance of #$Country, even though it is a part of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland. See also the important specialization #$IndependentCountry.
Super-classes	Government^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfGreatBritain http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfTheUSA

CountryLife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryLife`
Description	''CountryLife'' is the ''Experience'' of ''Person''s living and performing their normal activities at home and work in a ''RuralArea'', contrasting with the experiences of people living in an UrbanArea''. Includes but is not restricted to life on a farm. `From: Thank God I'm a Country Boy John Denver Well, life on the farm is kinda laid back Ain't much an old country boy like me can't hack It's early to rise, early in the sack Thank God, I'm a country boy Well, a simple kinda life never did me no harm A raisin' me a family and workin' on a farm My days are all filled with an easy country charm Thank God, I'm a country boy`
Super-classes	Living^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c occursAt^op value RuralArea^c

CountryMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryMusic`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'country music' in WordNet: 1. country music, country and western, C and W - (a simple style of folk music heard mostly in the southern United States; usually played on stringed instruments)`
Super-classes	FolkMusic^c
Sub-classes	BluegrassMusic^c

CountryObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryObject`
Description	A ''CountryObject'' is the Group of all PhysicalObject within a ''CountryRegion''. This differs from ''CountryRegion'' to make the distinctions clear between a geopolitical agent, the spatial region controlled by that agent, and the physical objects in that spatial region.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op some CountryRegion^c

CountryRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryRegion`
Description	COSMO Note: in SUMO named 'Nation'. Here we make it unambigous that it is the spatial region containing the physical part of the Earth that is represented, not the objects in that region nor the governmental organization controlling that region. A CountryRegion is controlled by a Country (a GeopoliticalEntity) `SUMO: Nation: The physical area, not the organization The broadest ''GeopoliticalRegion'', i.e. Nations are ''GeopoliticalRegion''s that are not part of any other overarching and comprehensive governance structure (excepting commonwealths and other sorts of loose international organizations). WordNet does not distinguish between the GeopoliticalEntity as an Agent and the area it controls, so the WN equivalents are the same as those for 'country'.`
Super-classes	GeopoliticalRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheUnitedStatesArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParisArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrelandTerritory http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownCountryRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JapanArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AustriaArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedKingdomArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VietnamArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UzbekistanArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndiaArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FranceArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ItalyArea

CountryType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountryType`
Description	CountryType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Country' and other Geopolitical Agent or lands or territories and an argument restriction for various relations on Geopolitical entities.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c AgentType^c
Members	Empire Country Colony ControlledLand

Countryman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Countryman

Description

A ''Countryman'' is a Man who is a ''Citizen'' of the same GeopoliticalEntity as oneself.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'countryman' in WordNet:
          1. (4) countryman - (a man from your own country)

Super-classes Man^c
Compatriot^c

Countryside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Countryside`
Description	The ''Countryside'' is more rural than a ''RuraArea'' - fairly far from a big city, not close to the suburbs. Vague difference from ''RuralArea''. This appears to refer to ''RuralArea''s generally, rather than to any specific RuralArea. Does that make this a metatype?? Or a parent type??? Or a Group of ''RuralArea''s?? Perhaps. Try using it in the general sense. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'countryside' in WordNet: 1. (2) countryside - (rural regions)`
Super-classes	RuralArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c

County^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#County`
Description	A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Each instance of #$County is a geopolitical organization whose territory typically has an area larger than that of a #$City, but smaller than that of a #$State-Geopolitical. `NOTE that SUMO 'County' is the ''GeopoliticalRegion'' (a region of space). The SUMO term has been renamed 'CountyRegion'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'county' in Wordnet: 2. county - (the largest administrative district within a state; 'the county plans to build a new road')`
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op some (Country^c or StateOrProvince^c)

CountyPoliceDepartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountyPoliceDepartment`
Description	A ''CountyPoliceDepartment'' is a ''PoliceDepartment'' employed and controlled by a ''County'', headed by a ''Sheriff''.
Super-classes	PoliceDepartment^c
Restrictions	hasOrganizationMember^op value Sheriff^c hasLeader^op value Sheriff^c isEmployedBy^op value County^c

CountyRegion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CountyRegion

Description

This is the Region of Space that contains the PhysicalObjects in a County, and will also include any bodies of water within that territory.

 In SUMO termed 'County'
SUMO: A ''GeopoliticalRegion'' that is larger than a city, 
usually encompassing several cities, and smaller than a StateOrProvince.  
Aside from City, this is the smallest geopolitical subdivision, and it is 
known by various names in various counties, e.g.  parrish, commune, etc.

NOTE that this is the spatial region, not the land mass (object) nor
the organization that governs the area as a GeopoliticalEntity.
For the GeopoliticalEntity see 'County'.

   In Wordnet a 'region' is a PhysicalObject.
   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'county' in Wordnet:
      1. (34) county - (a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government;
      'the county has a population of 12,345 people')

Super-classes GeopoliticalRegion^c

CoupPlotters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoupPlotters`
Description	''CoupPlotters'' is an ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' (a ''GroupOfPeople') who planned together to perform a (illegal) ''GovernmentOverthrow''.
Super-classes	ActivityTypeFocusGroup^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op only GovernmentOverthrow^c hasComponentElement^op only Conspirator^c

Coupe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coupe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coupe' in WordNet: 1. coupe - (a car with two doors and front seats and a luggage compartment)`
Super-classes	Automobile^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op exactly 1 hasComponentPart^op exactly 2

Couple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Couple`
Description	A ''Couple'' is two adult people (''HumanAdult''s),who have some strong relationship,usually romantic,or who live together, usually referring to a married couple. `Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'couple' in WordNet: 2. (168) couple, mates, match - (a pair of people who live together; 'a married couple from Chicago') 3. (136) couple, twosome, duo, duet - (a pair who associate with one another; 'the engaged couple'; 'an inseparable twosome')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c PairOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only HumanAdult^c
Sub-classes	TwoLovers^c

CoupleOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoupleOfPeople`
Description	A ''CoupleOfPeople'' is two people who are somehow linked or related.
Super-classes	GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c PairOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Person^c
Sub-classes	MarriedCouple^c BrideAndGroom^c NotMarriedCouple^c Same-SexCouple^c

Coupler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coupler`
Description	Couplers are things which play a role such that they may form a connection between two other objects within a larger assembly, for the purpose of transmitting force, stuffs, etc. A ''Coupler'' may only be a part of a larger Device. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coupler' in Wordnet: 1. coupling, coupler - (a mechanical device that serves to connect the ends of adjacent objects)`
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c Device^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Connecting^c
Sub-classes	Belt-Mechanical^c Socket^c

Coupon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coupon`
Description	A ''Coupon'' is a ''Document-Physical'' that can serve as to enable obtaining or buying of some Product or Service at a price below the usual ''RetailPrice''. This can be, for example a 'discount coupon' that can be clipped from a newspaper or advertisement circular, or a replacement coupon that entitles a person to obtain a product for free (as for example a replacement for some unsatisfactory product previously bought), or a coupon obtained after buying something that allows free or discounted purchase of similar items or other items at some store.. `In CYC 'Voucher'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coupon' in WordNet: 1. (1) coupon, voucher - (a negotiable certificate that can be detached and redeemed as needed)`
Super-classes	CommercialInstrument^c PhysicalEvidence^c TenderObject^c
Restrictions	isEvidenceFor^op value One-TimePayment^c

Courage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Courage`
Description	In Cyc called 'Courageousness-Feeling'. In COSMO this is a Trait: the corresponding attribute of someone who has this Feeling is 'Courageous'. Having this Feeling implies that a person has the AttributeValue 'Courageous', and vice-versa. This corresponds to the only sense of 'courage' and the only sense of 'courageousness' in WordNet 2.1: 1. (15) courage, courageousness, bravery, braveness - (a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear) Cyc: Braveness. Emotion of those who show undismayed resolution in presence of evil or danger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courage' and sense 1 of 'courageousnes', and sense 2 of 'nerve' and sense 1 of 'mettle' in WordNet: 1. (15) courage, courageousness, bravery, braveness - (a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear) WN noun 'nerve': 2. (5) heart, mettle, nerve, spunk - (the courage to carry on; 'he kept fighting on pure spunk'; 'you haven't got the heart for baseball')
Super-classes	SelfConfidence^c PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Pluck^c Fortitude^c

Courageous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Courageous`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling 'Courage'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'courageous' and sense 1 of 'brave' in WordNet: 1. (1) brave, courageous - (possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching; 'Familiarity with danger makes a brave man braver but less daring'- Herman Melville; 'a frank courageous heart...triumphed over pain'- William Wordsworth; 'set a courageous example by leading them safely into and out of enemy-held territory')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Audacious^c Gutsy^c Heroic^c

CourseGrade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourseGrade`
Description	A ''CourseGrade'' is a final ''Grade'' that a Student receives after completing a ''CourseOfInstruction'', usually at the end of some school term. It may or may not depend on the sum of individual ''TestScore''s obtained from one or more ''TestOfSkill''s taken during the school term.
Super-classes	Grade^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some CourseOfInstruction^c

CourseOfAMeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourseOfAMeal`
Description	A part of a meal prepared and served separately from other parts of a meal. This is the FoodObject,not the Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'course' in WordNet: 7. (17) course - (part of a meal served at one time; 'she prepared a three course meal')`
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c DishOfFood^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value MultiCourseMeal^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value MultiCourseMeal^c
Sub-classes	Pancake^c Omelette^c Salad^c DessertFood^c Entree^c Appetizer^c

CourseOfInstruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourseOfInstruction`
Description	A ''CourseOfInstruction'' is the type of Teaching consisting of more than one lesson, carried out in some EducationalOrganization and broadly construed as any Group of ''Teaching'' Actions that is an execution of some ''CourseOfInstructionPlan'', whether for one Teacher for one class or for a whole curriculum or for an educational system. The subtypes can distinguish the different subgroups relevant to particular teaching situations NOTE that this is the ''Action'' of teaching a course(s): the curriculum that forms a course of study is represented by ''CourseOfInstructionPlan''. For a course of lectures executing a ''ClassInstructionPlan'' for a single course taught by (or under the control of) one Teacher, use ''CourseOfLectures''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'course' in WordNet: 1. (416) course, course of study, course of instruction, class - (education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings; 'he took a course in basket weaving'; 'flirting is not unknown in college classes')
Super-classes	Group^c Teaching^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value CourseOfInstructionPlan^c
Sub-classes	SeminarCourse^c CourseOfLectures^c

CourseOfInstructionPlan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourseOfInstructionPlan`
Description	A CourseOfInstructionPlan is the teaching plan created by some educator as the method for imparting knowledge of some subject(s) to students, either one instructor for a single class, or by a school or educational committee or board as a recommended group of subjects for study, with or without details of subtopics or methods of instruction. This type is a ''Group'' of topics and facts and methods of conveying information and for testing the success of the information transfer. `NOTE that this is the ''Plan'' (an abstract specification) for teaching a course(s): the curriculum that forms a course of study is represented by ''CourseOfInstruction''. The plan by or for a single course instructor is the subtype 'ClassInstructionPlan''. This is approximately equivalent to the term 'curriculum' in WordNet: 1. (7) course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus - (an integrated course of academic studies; 'he was admitted to a new program at the university')`
Super-classes	Plan^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value CourseOfInstruction^c
Sub-classes	ClassInstructionPlan^c

CourseOfLectures^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourseOfLectures`
Description	A ''CourseOfLectures'' is a ''CourseOfInstruction'' for a single Teacher teaching more than one Lecture on one topic for a period of time usually a semester or academic year but possible a summer session or 'short course'. This includes the collected lectures of a primary school Teacher for one academic year, even if varied topics are taught. `NOTE that this is the ''Action'' of teaching a course(s): the curriculum that forms a course of study is represented by ''ClassInstructionPlan''. This is often part of a ''CourseOfInstruction Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'course' in WordNet: 1. (416) course, course of study, course of instruction, class - (education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings; 'he took a course in basket weaving'; 'flirting is not unknown in college classes')`
Super-classes	CourseOfInstruction^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value CourseOfInstructionPlan^c

CourseOverGround^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourseOverGround

Description

A measure of direction along the surface of the Earth in which True North is one fixed axis, and the measure in degrees represents the clockwise deviation of the direction from True North.

  Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'course' in WordNet:
    6. (47) course, trend - (general line of orientation; 'the river takes a southern course'; 
     'the northeastern trend of the coast')

Super-classes DirectionMeasure^c

Court-Judicial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Court-Judicial`
Description	$Court-Judicial is a specialization of #$Organization, #$GovernmentAgency, and #$JudicialAgent. Each instance of #$Court-Judicial is an established judicial court, i.e., an enduring governmental organization whose primary function is to settle disputes by means of legal reasoning by one or more #$Judges (q.v.). Typically, a court's orders are enforced by some other agency belonging to the government of which that court is a part. The collection #$Court-Judicial includes federal, state, county, and municipal courts, appellate and chancery courts, tax courts, courts of claims, courts-martial (if non-temporary), admiralty courts, courts of chivalry, American Indian tribal courts, and the Permanent Court of International Justice. It excludes Gypsy/Rom Kris courts, nonjudicial administrative county courts, stannaries, and temporary #$Tribunals (q.v.). The WordNet sense 1 of 'court' appears to be closer to include 'JudicialOrganization', the parent of this type, than to this specifically governmental law-enforcement 'court'. However, that 'court' is included in this sense also, so this sense also maps to part of WordNet 'court' sense 1. in WordNet: 1. (831) court, tribunal, judicature - (an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business)
Super-classes	JudicialOrganization^c GovernmentAgency^c GovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	AppellateCourt^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupremeCourt

CourtCase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourtCase`
Description	CYC: The collection of all legal conflicts [#$LegalConflict] that come before a court. This includes civil and criminal cases, but excludes uncontested traffic citations and official duties by justices of the peace such as marriages that do not involve judicial rulings. Legal cases that are worked out between attorneys without involving courts, cases arbitrated outside the court system (unless under court order), and impeachment cases are not included in this collection.
Super-classes	LegalAction^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Courtroom^c hasParticipant^op value Judge^c
Sub-classes	LawSuit^c CivilSuit^c Trial^c

CourtGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourtGame`
Description	An Action that is an execution of a game played on a 'court' such as 'tennis', badminton, squash, basketball,. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'court game' in WordNet: 1. court game - (an athletic game played on a court)`
Super-classes	SportsEvent^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value GameCourt^c
Sub-classes	BadmintonGame^c RacquetballGame^c SquashGame^c

CourtWitness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CourtWitness`
Description	A ''CourtWitness'' is a Person who testifies in some ''CourtCase''. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'witness' in WordNet: 5. witness - ((law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law)`
Super-classes	Testifier^c Informant^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Testifying^c

Courteous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Courteous

Description

''Decent'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who is ''Polite'' and not only avoids crude or offensive actions, but behaves so as to make life more pleasant for others, even at some cost to the actor. Behavior that could prompt a comment 'That was a decent thing for you to do.'

     Corresponds approximately to part of to adjective sense 1 of 'decent' and includes
          sense 1 of 'considerate' in WordNet:
         1. (3) decent, nice - (socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous;
           'from a decent family'; 'a nice girl')
        WN adj 'considerate':
          1. (2) considerate - (showing concern for the rights and feelings of others;
             'friends considerate enough to leave us alone')
       WN adj 'courteous':
         1. (1) courteous, gracious, nice - (exhibiting courtesy and politeness; 
            "a nice gesture")

Super-classes Polite^c

Courtesy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Courtesy`
Description	A ''Courtesy'' is a ''PoliteAction'' that is 'courteous', making some effort to avoid offending thers or to make life easier for them - even something as simple as holding open a door. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courtesy' in WordNet: 1. (2) courtesy - (a courteous or respectful or considerate act)`
Super-classes	PoliteAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Courteous^c

Courthouse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Courthouse

Description

buildings which house a court. In Texas at least, each county has one county court and this court, and possibly other offices of the county government, are housed in a courthouse. Often these courthouses are at the center of the town in which they are found.

         Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'courthouse' in WordNet:
           1. courthouse - (a government building that houses the offices of a county government)
           2. courthouse - (a building that houses judicial courts)

Super-classes GovernmentalBuilding^c

Courtroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Courtroom`
Description	A ''Courtroom'' is a Room, usually in a governmental building, where judicial activities occur, and in perticular ''Trial''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courtroom' in WordNet: 1. court, courtroom - (a room in which a lawcourt sits; 'television cameras were admitted in the courtroom')`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicActivity^op value Trial^c

Courtship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Courtship`
Description	''Courtship' is the act of a Man ''AttemptingToPersuade'' some person (usually a Woman) to love him/her. `RHW 'woo': 1. to seek the favor, affection, or love of, esp. with a view to marriage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courtship' in WordNet: 1. courtship, wooing, courting, suit - (a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage); 'its was a brief and intense courtship') WN verb 'woo': 2. (1) woo, court, romance, solicit - (make amorous advances towards; 'John is courting Mary')`
Super-classes	AttemptingToPersuade^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Love-Romantic^c hasIntendedAudience^op value Woman^c isPerformedBy^op value Man^c

Courtyard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Courtyard`
Description	A ''Courtyard'' is an OpenArea adjacent to at least one ''Building'' and surrounded by structures - walls or buildings - and open to the sky, where people can relax and/or take some fresh air while taking a break from working or performing the other activities that are performed inside `For a similar struture that is not fully surrounded by structures, use ''Patio''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courtyard' in WordNet: 1. (2) court, courtyard - (an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings; 'the house was built around an inner court')`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c OutdoorRecreationArea^c
Restrictions	isSurroundedHorizontallyBy^op value Structure^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c isAdjacentTo^op some Building^c
Sub-classes	Quad^c

Cousin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cousin

Description

A ''BiologicalRelation'' who is a child of a parents sibling. A 'first cousin'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cousin' in Wordnet:
        1. (5) cousin, first cousin, cousin-german, full cousin - (the child of your aunt or uncle)

Super-classes BiologicalRelation^c
BiologicalSibling^c

Cove^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cove`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cove' in WordNet: 1. (1) cove - (a small inlet)`
Super-classes	Bay^c

Covenant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Covenant`
Description	A ''Covenant'' is the written representation of an ''LegalAgreement'' - an enforceable Contract. ?? difference from Contract?? not clear. @ToDo - needs clarification - are nations different? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'covenant' in WordNet: 1. covenant, compact, concordat - (a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action)`
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some LegalAgreement^c

Cover-Up^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cover-Up`
Description	A ''Cover-Up'' is a ''HidingSomething'' that attempts to hide some Action that the hider does not want others to know (generically represented as an ''AntisocialAction''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cover-up' in WordNet: 1. cover-up - (concealment that attempts to prevent something scandalous from becoming public) WN verb 'cover up': 1. cover, cover up - (hide from view or knowledge; 'The President covered the fact that he bugged the offices in the White House')`
Super-classes	HidingSomething^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value AntisocialAction^c

CoverableObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoverableObjectType`
Description	Each instance of ''CoverableObjectType'' is a type of Object that can be covered by some other object - i.e.it can be an object of the relation ''isDesignedToCover''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	SurfaceObjectType^c
Members	ExteriorWall Building LightEmittingComponent Roof

Coverall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coverall`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coverall.' in Wordnet: 1. coverall - (a loose-fitting protective garment that is worn over other clothing)`
Super-classes	ClothingItem^c
Sub-classes	Jumper^c

Covered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Covered`
Description	The attribute of an PhysicalObject that has some covering over it. 'Clothed' is the term specifically referring to people who are wearing some clothing. If the head is ''Covered'' with a ''Hood'' it would have the subtype attribute ''Hooded''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'covered' in Wordnet: 1. (12) covered - (overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form; 'women with covered faces'; 'covered wagons'; 'a covered balcony')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Hooded^c Clothed^c Coated^c Roofed^c

Covering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Covering`
Description	A ''Covering'' is an ''ArtifactObject'' that is designed to protect something (from any undesirable thing) by covering it, or to conceal it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'covering' in WordNet: 2. covering - (an artifact that covers something else (usually to protect or shelter or conceal it))`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CoveringSomething^c
Sub-classes	ProtectiveCovering^c Folder^c Shell^c CameraShutter^c ClothCovering^c

Covering-Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Covering-Object`
Description	CYC: The collection of all objects designed or evolved or repurposed to be used as coverings for other objects. The intended purpose could be to shelter or protect the covered object, or even just to serve a decorative function. Examples include paint, #$Tile, #$Wigs, #$Carpets, and #$Eyelids. NOTE that a Covering is not necessarily an Artifact, as it may be part of an Organism, but it is functional, in that it has a purpose, even though that purpose may be a result of evolutionary provesses. This general sense includes several of the senses (2, 4, 6) of 'cover' in WordNet; senses 1 and 5 are more metaphorical in WordNet: 1. (9) screen, cover, covert, concealment - (a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something; 'they crouched behind the screen'; 'under cover of darkness') 2. (8) blanket, cover - (bedding that keeps a person warm in bed; 'he pulled the covers over his head and went to sleep') 4. (2) binding, book binding, cover, back - (the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; 'the book had a leather binding') 5. (1) covering, natural covering, cover - (a natural object that covers or envelops; 'under a covering of dust'; 'the fox was flushed from its cover') 6. (1) top, cover - (covering for a hole (especially a hole in the top of a container); 'he removed the top of the carton'; 'he couldn't get the top off of the bottle'; 'put the cover back on the kettle') 7. (1) cover, covering fire - (fire that makes it difficult for the enemy to fire on your own individuals or formations; 'artillery provided covering fire for the withdrawal') 8. cover charge, cover - (a fixed charge by a restaurant or night club over and above the charge for food and drink) 9. cover, cover version, cover song - (a recording of a song that was first recorded or made popular by somebody else; 'they made a cover of a Beatles' song') 10. cover - (a false identity and background (especially one created for an undercover agent); 'her new name and passport are cover for her next assignment')
Super-classes	FunctionalObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	Carpet^c HeadHood^c PantLeg^c SleeveOfGarment^c GasMask^c UpperCrust^c FloorTile^c MobOfHair-Mammal^c ProtectiveMask^c Tile^c Covering^c Thimble^c WallCoping^c Clothing^c WallPaperSheet^c FloorCovering^c PortalCovering^c EnvelopingCovering^c Crust^c TableMat^c SurgicalMask^c BodyCovering^c BrassiereCup^c Mask^c Armor^c Burka^c Kneecap^c Wig^c Wrapper^c Shingle^c TableCovering^c InsulatingCover^c Lining^c

CoveringMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoveringMaterial`
Description	''CoveringMaterial'' is a sheet-like form of some ''SolidSubstance'' designed for the purpose of covering the surface of some PhysicalObject. An example is the subtype ''Linoleum''. `''Fabric'' in general will not be subtype of this type, although they may be intended to cover things, e.g. the human body. The 'covering' here is intended to be a top covering, and most such coverings will be specific objects rather than materials. ..`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c SheetlikeSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c)
Sub-classes	Linoleum^c

CoveringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoveringSomething`
Description	The set of actions in which an agent places and/or holds a covering over a thing, or applies a substance (e.g.paint,plaster) that hardens into a ''Covering-Object''.; the purpose may be to obscure the thing from view (''hiding it'') or to protect it from corrosion or damage (as by painting), or just making it more attractive (as in wrapping a gift). Very general. `In SUMO called simply 'Covering': The Class of Putting processes where the agent covers the patient, either completely or only partially, with something else. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cover' in WordNet: 1. (35) cover - (provide with a covering or cause to be covered; "cover her face with a handkerchief"; 'cover the child with a blanket'; "cover the grave with flowers")`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCovered^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or SolidObject^c)
Sub-classes	Laminating^c PavingaPathway^c WrappingInaSheet^c PlatingMetal^c FingeringaWoodwind^c ResurfacingAnArtifact^c HoodingSomething^c FinishingAnArtifactSurface^c PuttingOnAClothingItem^c IcingaCake^c MaskingSomething^c DocumentBindingEvent^c BuryingSomething^c ApplyingaFinish^c Dressing^c GlazingAnObject^c

CoveringType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoveringType`
Description	CoveringType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical objects that are subtypes of 'Covering-Object', and an argument restriction for various relations on CoveringObject types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
Members	PlantCovering Burr FruitRind Mask UnuseableClothingItem Skin NylonStocking WomensHosiery HosieryItem Covering-Object Pericarp LongSleeve Carpet DoorOrWindow PeanutShell BrowLiner FloorCovering Foreskin WrapperStuff Leotards Sock FloorTile Crust TableMat Hatch Tile PieCrust FruitSkin NutShell FruitParing Pantyhose SeedHusk Loincloth Thimble PantLeg FruitPit Eyelid Stocking Wrapper FruitPeel HeadHood SleeveOfGarment TreeBark DominoMask BodyCovering SurgicalMask BrassiereCup WallCoping WalnutShell Door ProtectiveMask MulchLayer Rug WallPaperSheet PortalCovering Gate SeedPod Mat ContainerLid ShortSleeve GasMask

CoveringWithLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoveringWithLiquid`
Description	''CoveringWithLiquid'' is a ''SpreadingOverAnObject'' in which the agent doing the covering is a ''LiquidObject''. This can be a covering most of the patient ''SolidObject'' other than its base, as in flooding from a river. `For complete covering by a liquid,use subtype ''Drenching'' or its subtype ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'flood' in WordNet: 2. (3) flood - (cover with liquid, usually water; 'The swollen river flooded the village'; 'The broken vein had flooded blood in her eyes')`
Super-classes	SpreadingOverAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value LiquidMotion^c isPerformedBy^op some LiquidObject^c
Sub-classes	Drenching^c

CoveringaWall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CoveringaWall`
Description	''CoveringaWall'' is the Action in which an agent applies some substance (liquid or semiliquid) that covers a ''Wall''
Super-classes	ApplyingaFinish^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCovered^op value Wall-GenericBarrier^c consumes^op value PhysicalSubstance^c

Covert^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Covert

Description

''Covert'' is a specialization of 'Secret' for Actions that are kept Secret,especially those performed by government agents such as ''SecretAgent''s.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'covert' in Wordnet:
         1. covert - (secret or hidden; not openly practiced or engaged in
            or shown or avowed; 'covert actions by the CIA'; 'covert funding for the rebels')

Super-classes Secret^c

Coveting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coveting`
Description	''Coveting'' is an intense ''Desire'' that is not as intense as a ''Compulsion'', usually directed at something that belongs to another Person. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'covet' in WordNet: 1. (1) covet - (wish, long, or crave for (something, especially the property of another person); 'She covets her sister's house')`
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Overwhelming^c

Cow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cow`
Description	Female cattle. This type is Not used for non-cattle mammals such as elephants. `SUMO: A domesticated HoofedMammal that is raised for milk and beef, and is also used for work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cow' in WordNet: 1. (20) cow, moo-cow - (female of domestic cattle: 'moo-cow' is a child's term)`
Super-classes	Bovine^c HoofedMammal^c Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal^c DomesticatedAnimal^c
Sub-classes	DairyCow^c

Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal`
Description	CYC: The collection of female herd animals that can be referred to as #$Cows, such as #$Elephants, Buffalo, etc. The contrast term is #$Bull - thus, a cow X usually implies the existence of #$Bull X (e.g., there are #$Cow #$Elephants and #$Bull #$Elephants). See also #$Bull-MaleHerdAnimal. `NOTE: not necessarily Cattle! Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cow' in WordNet: 2. (1) cow - (mature female of mammals of which the male is called 'bull')`
Super-classes	HerdAnimal^c MeatBearingAnimal^c FemaleAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Cow^c

CowTown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CowTown`
Description	A ''CowTown'' is a ''Village'' in a Rural area were Cattle are raised. RHW 'cow town': 1. a small town, esp. one in a cattle-raising district in the western U.S. or Canada. This term is sometimes used deprecatingly by elites.
Super-classes	Village^c

Coward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coward`
Description	From RHW: a person who lacks courage in facing danger, difficulty, opposition, pain, etc.; a timid or easily intimidated person. `This sense corresponds to sense of 'coward' in in WordNet: 1. (4) coward - (a person who shows fear or timidity)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cowardly^c

Cowardice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cowardice

Description

The Trait of someone who is afraid to face danger, difficulty, opposition, pain, etc. under circumstances where a typical person would do so in spite of Fear; a lack of Courage. A person experiencing Cowardice has the AttributeValue 'Cowardly'.

      NOTE that the linguistic label 'cowardice' can be used for a ''PersonTraitValue''
        or as a label for a cowardly Action displaying ''Cowardice''.

      This corresponds to the only sense of 'cowardice' in
      WordNet 2.1:
       (2) cowardice, cowardliness - (the trait of lacking courage)

Super-classes PersonalityTrait^c

Cowardly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cowardly

Description

The attribute of someone with the trait 'Cowardice'.

  There is only only sense of 'cowardly' in WordNet:
  1. (2) cowardly, fearful - (lacking courage; ignobly timid and 
    faint-hearted; 'cowardly dogs, ye will not aid me then' - P.B.Shelley)

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c
FeelingAttribute^c

Cowboy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cowboy`
Description	A ''Cowboy'' is a ''RanchHand'' who tends cattle on a ranch. `CYC 'cowpoke': The collection of all persons who make a living by herding, tending, and branding cattle. ?includes females?? CYC 'cowboy' (subtype of cowpoke) ?topic of 'cowboy movie'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cowboy' in WordNet: 1. (9) cowboy, cowpuncher, puncher, cowman, cattleman, cowpoke, cowhand, cowherd - (a hired hand who tends cattle and performs other duties on horseback)`
Super-classes	RanchHand^c HorsebackRider^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value WearingaCowboyHat^c controls^op value HerdOfCattle^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value HerdingCattle^c
Sub-classes	Wrangler^c

CowboyHat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CowboyHat`
Description	A ''CowboyHat''is a ''Hat'' that is characteristically or stereotypically worn by a ''Cowboy''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cowboy hat' in WordNet: 1. cowboy hat, ten-gallon hat - (a hat with a wide brim and a soft crown; worn by American ranch hands)`
Super-classes	Hat^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value WideBrim^c

CowsMilk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CowsMilk

Description

''CowsMilk'' is ''Milk'' that was obtained from a ''DairyCow''

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cows' milk' in WordNet:
          1. cows' milk - (milk obtained from dairy cows)

Super-classes Milk^c

Coyote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Coyote`
Description	''Coyote''s are no longer exclusively found in Western North America, and has become accustomed to life in some cities, including in Eastern US. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coyote' in WordNet: 1. (1) coyote, prairie wolf, brush wolf, Canis latrans - (small wolf native to western North America)`
Super-classes	Wolf^c Species^c Scavenger^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthAmericaRegion^c

Cozy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cozy

Description

''Cozy'' is the attribute of a person who is very comfortable, relaxed and usually warm from being covered by some kind of blanket of huddling with another Person, or having a living space that keeps one warm and comfortable.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cozy' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) cozy, cosy, snug - (enjoying or affording comforting warmth and shelter 
            especially in a small space; 'a cozy nook near the fire'; 'snug in bed'; 
            'a snug little apartment')

Super-classes Comfortable^c

Crab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crab`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crab' in WordNet: 1. (1) crab - (decapod having eyes on short stalks and a broad flattened carapace with a small abdomen folded under the thorax and pincers)`
Super-classes	Shellfish^c Crustacean^c

Crack^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crack

Description

We adopt the CYC usage for this term, and require a 'crack' to penetrate through an object. For shallower 'cracks' in a surface, use the parent type 'crevice'

    A subtype of 'Crevice' that fully penetrates from
    one side to the other side of a SheetOfSomeStuff.  A Crack permits
    things small enough to move from one side to the other of the
    object having the crack - therefore it is Portal through the object.

    WN parent synset
        => opening, gap - (an open or empty space in or between things;
      'there was a small opening between the trees'; 
        'the explosion made a gap in the wall')

    This corresponds to sense 1 of 'crack and sense 2 of 'crevice' in WordNet:
     1. (3) crack, cleft, crevice, fissure, scissure - (a long narrow opening)

Super-classes Crevice^c
Portal^c

Crackdown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crackdown`
Description	A ''Crackdown'' is a ''SubduingByForce'' that is severe and attempts to halt all activities of some kind: e.g. crime, protest or dissent. `NOTE: this has attribute ''Repressive''. If that is not 'severe' enough, a new atribute such as 'severely repressive' might be needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crackdown' in WordNet: 1. crackdown - (severely repressive actions)`
Super-classes	SubduingByForce^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repressive^c

Cracked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cracked

Description

To be ''Cracked'' is for a SolidObject to have a ''Crack'' as a result of a ''CrackingEvent''. The ''Crack'' can arise by normal aging, not necessarily as a result of an intentional Action.

         No WordNet sense captures this meaning: adjective sense 2 is a special
            subtype of this concept:
          in WordNet:
             2. alligatored, cracked - (of paint or varnish; having the appearance of alligator hide)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Cracker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cracker`
Description	A single cracker - a flat flour-based baked food object not a substance. `In CYC called 'Cracker-FoodItem'. Usually salty - are there exceptions?. If so, we need a default and subtypes. A ''Cracker'' is easily broken, and is therefore ''Delicate''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cracker' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cracker - (a thin crisp wafer made of flour and water with or without leavening and shortening; unsweetened or semisweet)`
Super-classes	BakedFoodObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c FlourBasedObject^c SolidFoodArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SaltyTasting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Delicate^c

Cracker-Jacks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cracker-Jacks`
Description	`'Cracker Jack is an American brand of snack consisting of molasses-flavored caramel-coated popcorn and peanuts, well known for being packaged with a prize of trivial value inside. The Cracker Jack name was registered in 1896. The slogan 'The More You Eat The More You Want' was also registered that year. Some food historians consider it the first junk food.' RHW: 'a confection of caramel-coated popcorn and peanuts.'`
Super-classes	Popcorn^c Corn^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Peanuts^c

CrackerBonbon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrackerBonbon

Description

A CrackerBonbon' is a type of 'PartyFavor' that is a small cylinder that can be opened by pulling at the ends.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cracker bonbon' in WordNet:
          1. cracker, snapper, cracker bonbon - (a party favor consisting of a paper roll 
             (usually containing candy or a small favor) that pops when pulled at both ends)

Super-classes PartyFavor^c

Crackerjack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crackerjack`
Description	An ''Expert'' who is sufficiently skilled at some task to serve as a ''RoleModel'' for others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crackerjack' in Wordnet: 1. jimdandy, jimhickey, crackerjack - (someone excellent of their kind; 'he's a jimdandy of a soldier')
Super-classes	Expert^c RoleModel^c

CrackingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrackingEvent`
Description	A 'CrackingEvent' is an Event in which a brittle object develops a 'Crack' (by intentional or natural forces). This type includes transitive and intransitive senses. This Crack may or may not impair the function of the object. If a 'Crack' causes the object to fall into two or more pieces, it is a 'BreakingSomethingIntoPieces' or a ''Snapping'' Event. This is not necessarily a 'DamagingEvent'' as it may be intentional to produce a more useful object. CYC 'Cracking': A collection of change events. In each #$Cracking, something becomes cracked. I.e., two or more areas of the thing are separated from one another (though perhaps not divided wholly into parts). In order to undergo a #$Cracking, the #$objectOfStateChange must be a #$SolidTangibleThing. An Object that has experienced a ''CrackingEvent'' has a ''Crack'' in it and has the attribute value ''Cracked''. This can be use as of rev975 for transitive or intransitive senses. Includes verb senses 1, 6, and 10 (the transitive sense) of 'crack' in WordNet: 1. (6) crack, check, break - (become fractured; break or crack on the surface only; 'The glass cracked when it was heated') 6. (1) crack - (break partially but keep its integrity; 'The glass cracked') 10. crack - (cause to become cracked; 'heat and light cracked the back of the leather chair') WN noun 'cracking': 2. (1) fracture, crack, cracking - (the act of cracking something)
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some BrittleObject^c hasResult^op value Crack^c
Sub-classes	FracturingaBone^c

Cradle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cradle`
Description	A (relatively) small ''Bed'', having raised sides to allow babies to sleep with no risk of falling out, and rockers to facilitate a rocking motion to lull a baby to sleep. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cradle' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cradle - (a baby bed with sides and rockers)`
Super-classes	BabyBed^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Rocker^c

CraftWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CraftWorker`
Description	CYC: The collection of persons who practice some craft, which typically involves producing some kind of hand-made goods. Professional craft worker earn money from practicing their crafts, usually by selling the goods they produce. Craft workers have specialized skills, often gained through some sort of practical training or apprenticeship. Craft work frequently involves some artistry. Craft occupations may be considered archaic or quaint, in cultures where the kinds of products once made only by skilled handwork are currently mass-produced by machines or assembly lines. Examples of #$CraftWorkers include potters, florists, blacksmiths, watchmakers, and goldsmiths.
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c
Sub-classes	Potter^c Florist^c

CraftingObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CraftingObjects`
Description	A ''CraftingObjects'' is an ''ArtActivity'' that produce objects that are esthetically pleasing and often useful. This can be done as a hobby, by amateurs, or for profit. Examples are woodworking and sewing crafts. `CYC 'CraftActivity': 'The collection of activities that are commonly known as crafts RHW 'craft': (the 'art' or 'trade' part) 1. an art, trade, or occupation requiring special skill, esp. manual skill: the craft of a mason. Corresponds to part (for an occupation requiring use of training) noun sense 4 of 'trade' in WordNet: 4. (3) trade, craft - (the skilled practice of a practical occupation; 'he learned his trade as an apprentice')`
Super-classes	FashioningSomething^c ArtActivity^c RecreationalActivity^c
Sub-classes	WoodCraft^c Quilting^c KnittingByHand^c Crocheting^c

Crammed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crammed

Description

''Crammed'' is an attribute of places where people gather, especially of rooms in a building, which have as many people in them as can comfortably be inside. To be 'filled to capacity'. To have more than the nominal capacity would be 'overflowing' (included represented here)

      ?same as ''ChockFul'?

       Corresponds to the past participle of verb sense 1 of 'cram' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) jam, jampack, ram, chock up, cram, wad - (crowd or pack to capacity; 
          'the theater was jampacked')
       WN adj 'packed':
         1. (1) jammed, jam-packed, packed - (filled to capacity; 'a suitcase 
           jammed with dirty clothes'; 'stands jam-packed with fans'; 'a packed theater')
       WN adj 'chockful':
         1. chockablock, chock-full, chockful, choke-full, chuck-full, cram full -
            (packed full to capacity; 'chowder chockablock with pieces of fish')

Super-classes Full^c

Cramming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cramming

Description

''Cramming'' is a 'StuffingThingsIntoaContainer' that requires some force to get the things in.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cram' in WordNet:
         1. (1) jam, jampack, ram, chock up, cram, wad - 
           (crowd or pack to capacity; 'the theater was jampacked')

Super-classes StuffingThingsIntoaContainer^c

Cramped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cramped

Description

A space that is ''Cramped'' is ''Small'' in providing people inadequate space to perform the activities they need to perform in that space; this applies particularly for the size of a ''SpaceInAHOC'' that is so small that people occupying that space may bump into or interfere with each other when trying to move around or perform their activities.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cramped' in Wordnet:
          1. cramped - (constricted in size; 'cramped quarters';
             'trying to bring children up in cramped high-rise apartments')

Super-classes Small^c

Cramping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cramping`
Description	CYC: The collection of conditions one is in when a muscle in some body part contracts with spasms. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish between 'cramp' ad 'spasm' though there is a difference in usage. This type is for a painful and not just momentary 'cramp' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cramp' in WordNet: 1. (1) spasm, cramp, muscle spasm - (a painful and involuntary muscular contraction)`
Super-classes	Spasm^c Symptom^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Painful^c hasSubEvent^op value PainOrAche^c
Sub-classes	Convulsing^c

Cranberry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cranberry`
Description	A ''Cranberry'' is a small Berry obtained from the cranberry shrub, grown in bogs. [from the Cranberry plant: RHW: 'the plant itself, growing wild in bogs or cultivated in acid soils, esp. in the northeastern U.S.' WN: 'cranberry' 1. cranberry - (any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries) ] RHW: 'the red, acid fruit or berry of certain plants of the genus Vaccinium, of the heath family, as V. macrocarpon (large cranberry or American cranberry) or V. oxycoccus (small cranberry or European cranberry), used in making sauce, relish, jelly, or juice.' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cranberry' in Wordnet: 2. cranberry - (very tart red berry used for sauce or juice)
Super-classes	Berry^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Red^c hasTaste^op value SourTasting^c isTheFruitOfa^op value CranberryBush^c

CranberryBush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CranberryBush`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cranberry' in WordNet: 1. cranberry - (any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c HeathOrder^c Bush^c

Crane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crane

Description

In CYC 'Crane-Bird'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'crane' in WordNet:
          5. crane - (large long-necked wading bird of marshes and plains in many parts of the world)

Super-classes Bird^c

CranialNerve^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CranialNerve

Description

CYC: The collection of all cranial #$Nerves. In an individual #$CranialNerves appear as 12 pairs of #$Nerves extending from the #$Brain.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cranial nerve' in WordNet:
          1. cranial nerve - (any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem)

Super-classes Nerve^c

Cranium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cranium`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cranium' in WordNet: 1. cranium, braincase, brainpan - (the part of the skull that encloses the brain)`
Super-classes	BoneStructure^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Skull^c

Crank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crank`
Description	A ''Crank'' is a ''HandTool'' that is typically used to rotate a ''CrankShaft'' inside an 'InternalCombustionEngine'' so as to cause the engine to start. In vehicles, most ''InternalCombustionEngine''s are started with electric starters, but when the battery dies, some vehicles may also be started manually, using a ''Crank'' to rotate the CrankShaft. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'crank' in WordNet: 4. crank, starter - (a hand tool consisting of a rotating shaft with parallel handle)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value CausingAnotherObjectsRotation^c hasDesignFunction^op value TransmittingForce^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Shaft^c

CrankShaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrankShaft`
Description	A ''CrankShaft'' is a ''PowerShaft'' inside an internal combustion engine. `CYC: The part of an internal combustion engine that turns linear movement of the pistons into rotational movement, which can then be used by the device the engine is powering. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crankshaft' in WordNet: 1. crankshaft - (a rotating shaft driven by (or driving) a crank)`
Super-classes	PowerShaft^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value TransmittingForce^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value InternalCombustionEngine^c

Craps^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Craps`
Description	''Craps'' is a ''GameOfChance'' played with a ''PairOfDice''. Each player takes a turn throwing the ''PairOfDice'' and gets a win or loss. Typically, when one player loses, the next player gets the opportunity to play. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'craps' in WordNet: 2. craps - (a gambling game played with two dice; a first throw of 7 or 11 wins and a first throw of 2, 3, or 12 loses and a first throw of any other number must be repeated to win before a 7 is thrown, which loses the bet and the dice)`
Super-classes	Game^c
Restrictions	uses^op value PairOfDice^c hasExecutionEvent^op value DiceGame^c

CrashPad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrashPad`
Description	A ''CrashPad'' is any place,usually the home or apartment of a frend, where one can sleep temporarily (represented as ''SleepingAtaCrashPad''). This type of place is a ''TemporaryLodgings'' that is not a rented facility such as a 'Hotel''. NOTE this is a temporary Role created by some ''SleepingAtaCrashPad'' Action.
Super-classes	Role^c TemporaryLodgings^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value SleepingAtaCrashPad^c

CrashingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrashingEvent`
Description	A CrashingEvent is an Event in which some PhysicalObject collides with another, and one or the other sustains some form of damage. The sense of 'crash' as making a noise is represented as 'MakingaCrashingSound'. A crashing sound itself is represented as 'CrashingSound'. This sense includes senses 3 and 5 (intransitive) and 8 (transitive), from WordNet: This assumes the in sense 5 the breaking is caused by a collision. Wordnet sense of verb 'crash'. The example from sense 6 seems to be similar to sense 12, perhaps should be merged. Sense 1 - colliding and making a crashing sound - is represented by 'CollidingWithaCrash' in WordNet: 1. (9) crash - (fall or come down violently; 'The branch crashed down on my car'; 'The plane crashed in the sea') 2. (3) crash - (move with, or as if with, a crashing noise; 'The car crashed through the glass door') 3. (2) crash, ram - (undergo damage or destruction on impact; 'the plane crashed into the ocean'; 'The car crashed into the lamp post') 4. (1) crash - (move violently as through a barrier; 'The terrorists crashed the gate') 5. (1) crash, break up, break apart - (break violently or noisily; smash;) 6. crash - (occupy, usually uninvited; 'My son's friends crashed our house last weekend') 7. barge in, crash, gate-crash - (enter uninvited; informal; 'let's crash the party!') 8. crash - (cause to crash; 'The terrorists crashed the car into the gate of the palace') 9. crash, dash - (hurl or thrust violently; 'He dashed the plate against the wall'; 'Waves were dashing against the rock') 10. crash - (undergo a sudden and severe downturn; 'the economy crashed'; 'will the stock market crash again?') 11. crash, go down - (stop operating; 'My computer crashed last night'; 'The system goes down at least once a week') 12. doss, doss down, crash - (sleep in a convenient place; 'You can crash here, though it's not very comfortable')
Super-classes	Colliding^c
Sub-classes	FallingWithaCrash^c VehicleCollision^c

CrashingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrashingSound

Description

A Sound of the kind that is remiscent of the sound caused by objects colliding in a CrashingEvent, or by glass shattering when impacted by some hard object. Sound is also a type of Event, so each CrashingSound is caused by some kind of Event, such as the striking of a ''Cymbal''. ('the clash of cymbals')

    This can be a single crash or a repeated crashing sound.  In WordNet,
    only the repeated sound is represented, as sense 1 of the noun:
     in WordNet:
       1. (9) clang, clangor, clangour, clangoring, clank, clash, crash -
        (a loud resonant repeating noise; 'he could hear the clang of distant bells')

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Crate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crate' in WordNet: 1. (1) crate - (a rugged box (usually made of wood); used for shipping)`
Super-classes	DurableArtifact^c StorageConstruct^c Box^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wooden^c isUsedInAction^op value Shipping^c

Crater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crater`
Description	A LandTopographicalFeature that is a relatively shallow depression in the ground, hence a subtype of 'Concavity', and directly in contact with the ''EarthsAtmosphere''. In Cyc it is also a subtype of 'Basin' but calling a Crater a 'Container' seems odd, so that link is not included in COSMO. The subtypes not yet represented in COSMO would be: impact crater; bomb crater. `This sense is broader than either of the WordNet geological senses of 'crater' and includes both: in WordNet: 1. volcanic crater, crater - (a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano) 3. crater - (a bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb)`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c CavityWithWalls^c LandTopographicalFeature^c Concavity^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Sub-classes	VolcanicCrater^c

Craving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Craving`
Description	''Craving'' is an intense ''Desire'' that is not as intense as a ''Compulsion'' and is usually directed at something that satisfies the senses, such as food or drink. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crave' in WordNet: 1. (5) crave, hunger, thirst, starve, lust - (have a craving, appetite, or great desire for)`
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c

CrawlingOnLegs^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrawlingOnLegs

Description

A type of ambulation in which an animal moves on four or more legs (or on hands and legs, for people), close to the cround. Crawling on one's belly, as through a cave, is also a subtype of 'CrawlingOnLegs'

      This is usually used for multi-legged animals or babies, but low-bellied things
      like  crocodiles can also crawl.  CrawlingOnLegs requires legs; snakes are
      said to 'creep' or 'crawl', though they usually 'slither', but they
      cannot perform a 'CrawlingOnLegs'.
      This specialized sense is not in WordNet; for Wordnet use the more
      general sense of 'creep' sense 1:    in WordNet:
      1. (32) crawl, creep - (move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the 
          body near the ground; 'The crocodile was crawling along the riverbed')

Super-classes Ambulation^c
Creeping^c

Crayfish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crayfish

Description

The WN senses 2 and 3 can probably be distinuished, but not clear yet how to express that logically.

     Includes noun senses 2 and 3  of 'crayfish' in WordNet:
         2. crayfish, crawfish, crawdad, ecrevisse -
             (tiny lobster-like crustaceans usually boiled briefly)
         3. crayfish, crawfish, crawdad, crawdaddy - (small freshwater decapod 
            crustacean that resembles a lobster)

Super-classes Scavenger^c
Shellfish^c
Crustacean^c

Crayon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crayon`
Description	CYC: Type of drawing supplies, usually used by children. Every Crayon has a color; crayons come in boxes where each is a different color. Crayons are made of wax. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crayon' in Wordnet: 1. crayon, wax crayon - (writing implement consisting of a colored stick of composition wax used for writing and drawing)`
Super-classes	FingerSizedObject^c HandWritingImplement^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wax^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Drawing-Depicting^c hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c

Crayons^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crayons`
Description	Each ''Crayons'' is a Group of one or more ''Crayon''s.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Crayon^c

Creaking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creaking

Description

A ''Squeaking'' with a relatively high pitch such as one created by objects moving against each other: unoiled door hinges, wood planks rubbing against one another (as in a floor or staircase) - ghosts in the attic??.

    The parent ''Squeaking'' referring to small animal sounds is usually of short duration,
      while this subtype 'Creaking' should be used to represent the (somewhat) more
     extended sounds of creaking doors or floorboards.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creaking' and noun sense 1 of 'creak' 
          and verb sense 1 of 'creak' in Wordnet:
           1. creak, creaking - (a squeaking sound; 'the creak of the floorboards gave him away')
         WN verb 'creak':
           1. (9) squeak, screech, creak, screak, skreak - (make a high-pitched, screeching noise; 
             'The door creaked when I opened it slowly')

Super-classes Squeaking^c

Cream-Dairy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cream-Dairy`
Description	Dairy cream (#$Cream-Dairy) is a dairy product which consists of milk fat that will settle out of non-homogenized milk to float on top. #$WholeMilk consists of 3-4% cream by volume, while #$TwoPercentMilk is an artificial product consisting of 2% cream by volume, and #$SkimMilk being the part of the milk that is left behind when the cream floating on top of non-homogenized milk has been skimmed off. `NOTE that in COSMO Milk without any cream cannot be 'Milk'. @ToDo: needs modification?? Perhaps non-fat milk is a separate processed substance, a component of 'real' milk? Or is the cream a component of whole milk? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cream' in WordNet: 2. cream - (the part of milk containing the butterfat)`
Super-classes	DairyProduct^c Cream-Generic^c
Sub-classes	HeavyCream^c

Cream-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cream-Generic`
Description	COSMO note: this generic 'cream' includes ointments as well as the dairy 'cream'. For the dairy product use the subtype 'Cream-Dairy'. `no WordNet sense for this type.`
Super-classes	StickyStuff^c OpaqueSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Cream-Dairy^c

CreamColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreamColor`
Description	The color 'cream', a slightly off-white faint brown tinge. `This sense does not seem to be represented in WordNet.`
Super-classes	Yellowish^c
Sub-classes	YellowishWhite-Color^c

CreamColored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreamColored

Description

''CreamColored'' is a subattribute of both ''White'' and ''Translucent'' characterizing the color of objects or substances resembling ''Cream'' and not having the colors of an ''Opalescent'' Object.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'creamy' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) creamy - (of the color of cream; 'creamy translucent pebbles')

Super-classes Translucent^c
White^c

CreamPie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreamPie`
Description
Super-classes	Pie^c DessertFood^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value WhippedCream^c

Creamy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creamy

Description

''Creamy'' is a subattribute of ''SemiSolid'' characterizing substances that resemble ''Cream''in consistency.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'creamy' in Wordnet:
          2. creamy - (thick like cream)

Super-classes SemiSolid^c

Creasable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creasable`
Description	Can be folded over like cloth, but when folded so that the planes of two hinged segments are parallel and the two palnes touch within less than a few thicknesses of the hinge line, the hinge line is retained when the force is removed, and the object is said to be 'creased' or 'folded'. Some types of SubstanceInaSpecificShape like paper and metal foil have this property.
Super-classes	Foldable^c

Crease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crease`
Description	A ''Crease'' is a long straight narrow portion of a flexible ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that has two relatively flat portions connected at a sharp angle. This is commonly found in ''ClothingItem''s such as pants that have one or two such ''Crease''s at the front and back parts of the leg portion. In a ''Skirt'' there may be many such parallel vertical ''Creases'' but there they are referred to a 'pleats' (subtype ''Pleat'') or 'folds'. A 'SheetOfPaper'' that is too large to fit in an envelope is also commonly folded to form a 'fold' which would be an instance of this type. `NOTE: the terms 'flexure' and 'bend' are angled parts but not as sharp and not necessarily in a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (e.g. in the 'colon' or 'elbow'); they should be represented in a separate type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crease' in WordNet: 1. fold, crease, plication, flexure, crimp, bend - (an angular or rounded shape made by folding; 'a fold in the napkin'; 'a crease in his trousers'; 'a plication on her blouse'; 'a flexure of the colon'; 'a bend of his elbow')`
Super-classes	ShapedObject^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c LongAndThinThing^c PhysicalFeature^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value AngularShape^c
Sub-classes	Pleat^c

CreatingAComputerImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingAComputerImage`
Description	'CreatingAComputerImage' includes all means of creating an image, whether two-dimensional or higher-dimensional, using some hand-controlled input to a computer (as contrasted with scanning a pre-existing image, taking a digital photograph, or copying a pre-existing image file, or having a computer program generate an image). For creating images by hand on a surface, use ''.
Super-classes	VisualArtActivity^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some ComputerImageFile^c usedDevice^op value DigitalComputer^c

CreatingAnArtObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingAnArtObject`
Description	''CreatingAnArtObject'' is any Action that intentionally results in production of an ''ArtObject. This can be painting, sculpting, drawing, creating woven objects with illustrations, or any other.
Super-classes	CreatingaRepresentation^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCreated^op some ArtObject^c
Sub-classes	Sculpting^c PaintingAPicture^c Tattooing^c

CreatingAnArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingAnArtifact`
Description	A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. In every instance of #$CreatingAnArtifact, an agent [#$Agent-Generic] deliberately brings an #$Artifact-Generic into existence. This artifact may be tangible or intangible. Chiseling a marble statue, writing a computer program, or whistling a tune would all be instances of #$CreatingAnArtifact. Two important specializations of #$CreatingAnArtifact are: (1) #$IBTGeneration-Original, the creation of #$InformationBearingThings expressing an original thought or idea. (2) #$MakingSomething, where #$PartiallyTangible things are created. See also #$artifactsCreated. This is creating the idea for an artifact, not just making it physically. NOTE that WN 'conceive' sense 1 is also creating somemething, and that something can be any kind of abstract idea, as well as a conception of something (abstract or physical) that can do something useful. See subtype ''Inventing'' foe conceiving of an ArtifactObject''.. Includes parts of verb senses 1,2, 3 and 5 of 'create' and senses 3 an 9 of 'make' and sense 1 of 'conceive' in WordNet: WN 'create' 1. (104) make, create - (make or cause to be or to become; 'make a mess in one's office'; 'create a furor') 2. (40) create - (bring into existence; 'The company was created 25 years ago'; 'He created a new movement in painting') 3. (6) create - (pursue a creative activity; be engaged in a creative activity; 'Don't disturb him-he is creating') 5. create, make - (create by artistic means; 'create a poem'; 'Schoenberg created twelve-tone music'; 'Picasso created Cubism'; 'Auden made verses') WN verb 'conceive': 1. (21) gestate, conceive, conceptualize, conceptualise - (have the idea for; 'He conceived of a robot that would help paralyzed patients'; 'This library was well conceived')
Super-classes	Creation^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	LongRangePlanning^c InventingEvent^c ReworkingSomething^c ProducingaShow^c IBTGeneration-Replication^c Conception^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c CoiningaWord^c CreatingaRepresentation^c Scheduling^c CreatingaConceptualWork^c MakingaPhysicalSubstance^c CompilingSomething^c MakingaRule^c Listing^c MakingaPlan^c IssuingMoney^c

CreatingMentally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingMentally`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'create mentally' in WordNet: 1. create by mental act, create mentally - (create mentally and abstractly rather than with one's hands)`
Super-classes	Creation^c
Restrictions	produces^op value MentalObject^c
Sub-classes	Explicating^c ConceivingOfSomething^c

CreatingSubgroups^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingSubgroups`
Description	'''CreatingSubgroups'' is an Action in which some Group of things (Objects, Events, Attributes) is divided into subgroups, possibly by a random process. If the subgroups are intended to each have elements of a particular type or having some particular attribute, the subtype ''Sorting'' should be used. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grouping' in WordNet: 2. (1) grouping - (the activity of putting things together in groups)`
Super-classes	DividingSomethingIntoParts^c AssigningEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Group^c produces^op value SubGroup^c
Sub-classes	Pairing^c Sorting^c

CreatingaConceptualWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingaConceptualWork`
Description	Each 'CreatingaConceptualWork' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent performs an act of Thinking that causes a new 'ConceptualWork' to come into existence. Usually this type of Action also causes a PhysicalObject to come into existence, or to be modified in such a way as to represent the new ConceptualWork. This includes creation of art works in any form, as well as creation of new text works, images or Movies. NOTE: This is the parent type for creating both abstract conceptual works and the Physical Objects (including computer files) that capture those works in physical form. The subtypes can be more specific. NOTE: ''CreatingaConceptualWork'' is considered here as a subtype of ''ArtActivity''. \\@ToDo1293 Not all conceptual works are works of art; some subtype should be created to distinguish art works from other conceptual works. Includes parts of verb senses 1,2, 3 and 5 of 'create' and senses 3 an 9 of 'make' in WordNet: WN 'create' 1. (104) make, create - (make or cause to be or to become; 'make a mess in one's office'; 'create a furor') 2. (40) create - (bring into existence; 'The company was created 25 years ago'; 'He created a new movement in painting') 3. (6) create - (pursue a creative activity; be engaged in a creative activity; 'Don't disturb him-he is creating') 5. create, make - (create by artistic means; 'create a poem'; 'Schoenberg created twelve-tone music'; 'Picasso created Cubism'; 'Auden made verses') WN 'writing': 5. (2) writing, committal to writing - (the activity of putting something in written form; 'she did the thinking while he did the writing')
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c ArtActivity^c
Restrictions	produces^op some ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	DubbingaMovie^c ExtendingaDocument^c WritingaComputerProgram^c FilmingaMovie^c MakingaPictureOrMovie^c MakingaMovie^c CreatingaLiteraryWork^c

CreatingaCorporation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingaCorporation`
Description	''CreatingaCorporation'' is a LegalAction in which a ''Corporation'' is formed - in the US usually at the state level. `RHW 'incorporation': the act of forming a legal corporation. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'incorporate' in WordNet: 3. incorporate - (form a corporation)`
Super-classes	FoundingAnOrganization^c LegalAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCreated^op value Corporation^c

CreatingaLiteraryWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingaLiteraryWork`
Description	Each 'CreatingaLiteraryWork' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent creates some AbstractText and usually records it in some physical form, such a handwritten or typewritten text or a commputer file, or sometimes, recording it orally on a tape recorder. `This is often referred to as just 'writing' - the thing that a writer does. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'write' and verb sense 3 of 'compose' in WordNet: 1. (112) write, compose, pen, indite - (produce a literary work; 'She composed a poem'; 'He wrote four novels')`
Super-classes	CreatingaConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	produces^op some AbstractText^c

CreatingaRepresentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreatingaRepresentation`
Description	An Action that creates a 'RepresentationObject'. This is a broad category of Actions, including Communications, Writing, visual art creations, `Includes sense 9 of 'represent' in WordNet, but is broader; 9. (2) represent, interpret - (create an image or likeness of; 'The painter represented his wife as a young girl')`
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c PhysicalCreationEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	produced^op value RepresentationObject^c
Sub-classes	CreatingAnArtObject^c IBOCreation^c DatabaseCreation^c

Creation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creation`
Description	COSMO note: this is the most general sense of 'create' or 'make' in that anything - something tangible or intangible, or some new arrangement of tangible things, or some Event (usually a static situation, such as an arrangement of things) is brought into existence. NOTe that this may be but is not necessarily an Action of an Agent, and may be the result of any process - so it could also be termed a 'formationEvent' or 'coming into existence'. A Thing may be created intentionally by some 'Method', and in that case the relations to the method would be 'mayBeProducedByMethod', or its inverse 'isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce'. NOTE: both transitive and intransitive senses are mixed here, and some included synsets could be separate subtypes. Needs work @ToDo. Cyc: A specialization of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent. In each instance of #$CreationEvent, at least one instance of #$SomethingExisting (q.v.) is brought into existence (see #$outputsCreated). SUMO: The subclass of Process in which something is created. Note that the thing created is specified with the 'hasResult' CaseRole. COSMO note: an Object (Physical or Mental) produced by an Event is related to the Event by the relation 'produces' and in the inverse direction by 'isTheProductOf'. Includes verb senses 3, 6, 9, 15, 28, and 39 of 'make' and senses 1 and 2 of 'create' and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'form' and senses 1 and 3 of 'generate' in WordNet: 3. (255) make, create - (make or cause to be or to become; make a mess in one's office; create a furor) 9. (16) create, make - (create by artistic means; create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music; Picasso created Cubism; Auden made verses) 15. (9) make - (make by shaping or bringing together constituents; make a dress; make a cake; make a wall of stones) 28. (2) cook, fix, ready, make, prepare - (prepare for eating by applying heat; Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?; fix breakfast for the guests, please) 39. make - (gather and light the materials for; make a fire) WN 'create': 1. (104) make, create - (make or cause to be or to become; 'make a mess in one's office'; 'create a furor') 2. (40) create - (bring into existence; 'The company was created 25 years ago'; 'He created a new movement in painting') WN verb 'form': 2. (28) form, organize, organise - (create (as an entity); 'social groups form everywhere'; 'They formed a company') 3. (23) form, take form, take shape, spring - (develop into a distinctive entity; 'our plans began to take shape') WN verb 'generate': 1. (14) generate, bring forth - (bring into existence; 'The new manager generated a lot of problems'; 'The computer bug generated chaos in the office') 3. (3) generate - (produce (energy); 'We can't generate enough power for the entire city'; 'The hydroelectric plant needs to generate more electricity') WN noun 'generation': 5. genesis, generation - (a coming into being) 6. generation - (the production of heat or electricity; 'dams were built for the generation of electricity') WN noun 'creation': 1. (5) creation, creative activity - (the human act of creating)
Super-classes	CreationOrDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op some owl:Thing^c hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value DestructionEvent^c hasCorrespondingProcess^op value FormingProcess^c
Sub-classes	CreatingMentally^c ConjuringUpSomething^c Mixing^c FoundingSomething^c Synthesis-Generic^c EstablishingSomething^c FoundingAnOrganization^c GeneratingElectricity^c CreatingAnArtifact^c Choreographing^c Production-Generic^c IBTGeneration^c Imagining^c PhysicalCreationEvent^c Combining^c GainingSomething^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c Collecting^c VisualArtActivity^c ReCreating^c MakingaCopy^c

CreationDate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreationDate`
Description	A ''CreationDate'' is the ''CalendarDate'' on which something began its ''LifeSpan''. In the case of an ''Organism'' is is the ''BirthTime''; for an ArtifactObject it is the date on which the assembly process was completed - the ''BirthTime'' may be longer than one day, but this type takes the ending period of that ''TimeInterval'' (perhaps needs a type for the ending date of a ''BirthTime''. `"deathdate" "timeofdeath"`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c BirthTime^c CalendarDate^c
Restrictions	isTheTimeOfEvent^op some CreatingAnArtifact^c isTheCreationTimeOf^op some ArtifactObject^c

CreationOrDestructionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreationOrDestructionEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$Event-Localized. During each instance of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent, one or more instances of #$SomethingExisting (q.v.) come into or go out of existence. Specializations of this collection include #$CreationEvent, #$DestructionEvent, #$Manufacturing, #$MakingSomething, and #$KillingByOrganism.
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Creation^c PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent^c DestructionEvent^c

Creative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creative`
Description	''Creative'' is the attribute of someone who has is much better than average at creating new ideas, or new answers to problems, or new ways to do any of the things people do. NOTE This is the parent for subattribute ''Innovative'', which characterizes a Person who creates something truly ''Novel-New'' To be 'Creative' is not necessarily to be ''Innovative''. The difference is that being ''Creative'', as the things created are not necessarily ''Novel-New''. Being ''Creative'' only requires creation of things that are interesting or useful, even though those things may not be ''Novel-New''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'creative' and sense 3 of 'original' in WordNet: 1. (13) creative, originative - (having the ability or power to create; 'a creative imagination') 3. (5) original - (being or productive of something fresh and unusual; or being as first made or thought of; 'a truly original approach'; 'with original music'; 'an original mind')
Super-classes	Skilled^c Clever^c
Sub-classes	Innovative^c

CreativeImagining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreativeImagining`
Description	'CreativeImagining' is the forming of a mental image of something that is not only not present, but has not previously been described by others - at least to the imaginer. It is the creation of an image of something previously unknown to the person doing the imagining. `The ability called 'Creativity' is the ability to perform this ActionType. All people have some degree of Creativity, but the term is usually applied to a person who has more than average such ability.`
Super-classes	Imagining^c
Sub-classes	Fantasizing^c

Creatively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creatively`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'creatively' in WordNet: 1. (1) creatively - (in a creative manner; 'she solved the problem creatively')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Creativity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creativity`
Description	'Creativity' is the ability to perform CreativeImagining, at a level greater than average for humans. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creativity' in WordNet: 1. (2) creativity, creativeness, creative thinking - (the ability to create)`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value CreativeImagining^c
Sub-classes	Ingenuity^c Imagination^c

Creator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creator`
Description	Any Person (or other at least an ''IntentionalAgent'') who has created some ''Artifact-Generic'' such as a ''ConceptualWork'', or a writing, musical composition, or any work of art, a patent or copyright, or anything else that is an Object of creation of an intelligent agent. `NOTEa; the WN 'creator' is apparently only for people,but in COSMO a 'Creator' may also be an Organization or a non-human animal, so the ''HumanRole'' is not an explicit parent type, but ''IntentionalAgent'' includes people as possible instances. Corresponds approximately to noun sense of 'creator' in WordNet: 2. (1) creator - (a person who grows or makes or invents things)`
Super-classes	IntentionalAgent^c
Restrictions	isTheCreatorOf^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Author^c ShowProducer^c Choreographer^c Artist^c Maker^c Founder^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClaudeJosephRougetdeLisle

Credence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Credence`
Description	Credence'' Feeling that disposes a person to believe some ''Assertion''. `The usage 'she gave his opinions a lot of credence suggests that there are levels of 'credence' that should be referenced, but have not yet been represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'credence' in WordNet: 1. credence, acceptance - (the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true; 'he gave credence to the gossip'; 'acceptance of Newtonian mechanics was unquestioned for 200 years')`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Acceptance^c hasTopic^op value Assertion^c disposesToAction^op value Believing^c

Credential^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Credential`
Description	COSMO note: a ''Credential'' differs fom the parent ''Certification'' in being more formal, coming from an ''Authority'' such as a government of educational institution whos ecompetence to issure credential is widely recognized. This is also more prmanent, beng an ''AbstractDocument'' that is represented by some physical document. COSMO note: in Cyc a credential is a TemporalThing, but in COSMO it is not, as TemporalThings are more restricted in COSMO. Another difference is that in Cyc a Credential is a PropositionalInformationThing, whereas in COSMO it is an AbstractDocument. Cyc: A specialization of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$Credential is specific information about one #$SocialBeing (q.v.), provided by another #$SocialBeing. The information content of a credential consists of favorable, enabling, or empowering propositional declarations. Although each instance of #$Credential is wholly intangible, instances of #$Credential usually have some associated #$TextualMaterial (e.g. a diploma associated with a college degree, a driver's license). A credential may certify that the holder (i.e. the subject of the credential) has a particular skill (e.g. legal bar certification or the ability to drive); has completed certain training (e.g. GED schooling or satisfying PhD requirements); is allowed to do a certain thing (e.g. a travel visa or permission slip); and so on. See also the predicate #$issuesCredential. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'certificate' in WordNet: 1. (3) certificate, certification, credential, credentials - (a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts)
Super-classes	Certification^c
Sub-classes	Accreditation^c EducationalDegree^c Visa-Permit^c

CredibilityAttribute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CredibilityAttribute

Description

A CredibilityAttribute is a subtype of ''AssertionalAttribute'' (a subtype of ''AttributeType'' and instance of ''AttributeTypeType'') whose values characterize the 'believability' of an assertion - their seeming likeliness to be ''True''. Each CredibilityAttribute will depend largely on the source of the assertions, but may also be confirmed or contradicted by other assertions or observations.

 These ''CredibilityAttribute''s are intended to qualify Assertions, but they
 are closely related to the ''VerbalProbability''s that are intended to
 qualify ''PossibleFutureSituation''s.

 Values: "Controversial "Credible 'Plausible " Unbelievable  "Doubtful
 "KnownToBeFalse "KnownToBeTrue "PossiblyTrue "PossiblyFalse "ProbablyFalse 
 " ProbablyTrue " So-called " Unlikely " Chimerical " VeryUnlikely 
 " Simplistic  "ProvablFalse "HighlyCredible "Certain
 "/dubious  "Incredible?? 
    "Ridiculous

 These two hierarchy of attributes with similar meaning can be related by use
 of the ''hasSynonymousType'' relation - if and when it appears appropriate.
 As of Rev1345 this has not been done.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'credibility' in WordNet:
       1. credibility, credibleness, believability -
           (the quality of being believable or trustworthy)

Super-classes AssertionalAttribute^c

Credible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Credible`
Description	''Credible'' is one value of ''CredibilityAttribute''. and a subtype of ''TruthValue''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'credible' in WordNet: 1. (1) credible, believable - (capable of being believed; 'completely credible testimony'; 'credible information')`
Super-classes	TruthValue^c
Restrictions	isaValueOf^op value AssertionalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Plausible^c

CreditCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreditCard`
Description	A specialization of both #$Card and #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$CreditCard is a piece of plastic that enables authorized users to spend the card-issuing company's money, drawn as a (usually unsecured) loan through an associated instance of #$CreditCardAccount (q.v.) under a pre-arranged credit agreement. The credit card company credits the vendor of the purchased goods or services and bills the card user (see #$Bill-PaymentRequest), usually with interest. See also #$creditor, #$owesDebtTo. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'credit card' in WordNet: 1. credit card, charge card, charge plate - (a card (usually plastic) that assures a seller that the person using it has a satisfactory credit rating and that the issuer will see to it that the seller receives payment for the merchandise delivered)`
Super-classes	FinancialAccountTenderObject^c IDDocument^c Card^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value CreditCardAccount^c

CreditCardAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreditCardAccount`
Description	A ''CreditCardAccount'' is an ''Account'' that gives one the right to hold a ''CreditCard'' and make purchases on 'credit'. Different Organizations provide ''CreditCards'', so this is not very specific as to the type of Agent with whom the ''Account'' agreement is made. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (credit card accounts) of 'charge account' in WordNet: 1. credit account, charge account, open account - (credit extended by a business to a customer)`
Super-classes	FinancialAccount^c FinancialAsset^c LineOfCredit^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some CreditCard^c isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c isLocatedAt^op some Organization^c

CreditSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreditSituation`
Description	Each instance of ''CreditSituation'' is a ResponsibilitySituation in which some 'IntentionalAgent' is objectively (this is not a belief) the Agent who has caused some good ('creditworthy' past Event (as of Rev1297 represented by ''DesirableEvent''). The agent of this 'has the credit' for the action The WordNet 'credit' focuses on the perceptions of others regarding responsibility, but this type is intended to represent an objective statement of responsibility regardless of recognition by others. NOTE that this ''CreditSituation'' is the situation leading to recognition (WN 'credit' sense 1 = ''Recognition'')) Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'credit ' in WordNet: 4. (3) credit - (used in the phrase 'to your credit' in order to indicate an achievement deserving praise; "she already had several performances to her credit";)
Super-classes	GoodThing^c ResponsibilitySituation^c
Restrictions	causes^op some Recognition^c refersToExternalEntity^op some DesirableEvent^c

Creditor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creditor`
Description	A ''Creditor'' is some Agent (Person or Organization) who is owed something by another Agent in a ''Owing'' situation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creditor' in WordNet: 1. creditor - (a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists)`
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op some (AgentType^c or Debtor^c) isTheCreditorIn^op some Owing^c
In range of	hadAgentOwed^op

Credo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Credo`
Description	A ''Credo'' is a set of beliefs that are held strongly by some Person or GroupOfPeople. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creed' in WordNet: 1. (2) creed, credo - (any system of principles or beliefs)`
Super-classes	BeliefSystem^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c)

Creek^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creek

Description

a stream with a comparatively smaller amount of flow than a river-- a very tricky distinction, esp. for rivers with intermittant and variable flow.

        SUMO: Creek is the class of small streams of fresh 
     water flowing through land, usually into a River.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creek' in Wordnet:
           1. (7) brook, creek - (a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often
             a tributary of a river); 'the creek dried up every summer')

Super-classes Stream^c

Creep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creep`
Description	A ''Creep'' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' whose strange behavior causes (some) others to avoid contact. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creep' in WordNet: 1. creep, weirdo, weirdie, weirdy, spook - (someone unpleasantly strange or eccentric)`
Super-classes	DisagreeablePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Strange^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value CreepLike^c

CreepLike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CreepLike

Description

''CreepLike'' is a term used for 'creepy' referring to a Person, to avoid duplicating the ''Creepy'' for things like horror stories.

       RHW 'creepy':
        3.  Slang. of, pertaining to, 
               or characteristic of a person who is a creep; obnoxious; weird.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'creepy' in Wordnet:
          1. creepy - (annoying and unpleasant; 'some creepy kids were bothering her')

Super-classes Annoying^c
Unpleasant^c

Creeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creeping`
Description	A general form of locomotion that is slow and performed low to the ground. This is done by insects, low-bellied reptiles like crocodiles and snakes, and by people when on both hands and knees, or crawling on their bellies (such as through a tunnel or under an obstance), In COSMO The more specific creeping motion without legs (as of snakes) is 'Slithering', and a Creeping with legs is a 'CrawlingOnLegs'. 'Creeping' and 'Crawling' are close to synonymous. Though snakes usually are said to 'slither', they can also 'creep' or 'crawl' To preserve the distinction of moving slow and close to the ground on legs, use the type 'CrawlingOnLegs (which includes people crawling on hands and knees, or flat to the ground on one's belly). This corresponds to sense 1 of 'creep' in WordNet; it does not include the other, metaphorical senses in WordNet: 1. (11) crawl, creep - (move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground; 'The crocodile was crawling along the riverbed') 2. (4) sneak, mouse, creep, pussyfoot - (to go stealthily or furtively; '..stead of sneaking around spying on the neighbor's house') 3. (2) grow over, creep - (grow in such a way as to cover (a building); 'ivy grew over the walls of the university buildings') 4. fawn, crawl, creep, cringe, cower, grovel - (show submission or fear)
Super-classes	Locomotion-SolidSurface^c LocomotionEvent-Animal^c BodyMovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	Slithering^c CrawlingOnLegs^c

Creepy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creepy

Description

        RHW 'creepy':
        1.  having or causing a creeping sensation of the skin, 
                 as from horror or fear: a creepy ghost story.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'creepy' in Wordnet:
          2. creepy, creepy-crawly - (causing a sensation as of things crawling on your skin;
            'a creepy story'; 'I had a creepy-crawly feeling')

Super-classes Unpleasant^c

Cremating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cremating`
Description	''Cremating is ''Incinerating'' of an Animal's body (usually a dead one). The burning of a body in a house fire will be included in this (until a distinct type is created, probably a parent type) `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cremate' in WordNet: 1. (1) cremate - (reduce to ashes; 'Cremate a corpse') WN noun ''cremation': 1. cremation - (the incineration of a dead body)`
Super-classes	Incinerating^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FuneraryAshes^c

Creme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Creme`
Description	A ''Creme'' is a sweet ''Liqueur''. THe word 'creme' is of French derivation,and is often used in the term 'creme de'. `MWD noun 'creme': a sweet liqueur NO WN sense of 'creme':`
Super-classes	Liqueur^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SweetTasting^c

CrepePaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrepePaper`
Description	wrinkle, ruckle, crease, crinkle, fold, fold up, turn up Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crepe paper' in WordNet: 1. crepe, crepe paper - (paper with a crinkled texture; usually colored and used for decorations)
Super-classes	Paper^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Colored^c isUsedInAction^op value Decorating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crinkled^c

CrescentMoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrescentMoon`
Description	Each ''CrescentMoon'' is a ''View'' (a LightPropagationEvent) that is produced by the EarthsMoon when it in its first or last 'quarter'. `RHW 'crescent' 3.a: the figure of the moon in its first or last quarter, resembling a segment of a ring tapering to points at the ends`
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	wasVisibleTo^op some ResidentsAtTime^c occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c hadThingTransferred^op value MoonLight^c wasEmittedByObject^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon^c

CrescentShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrescentShaped

Description

The property of a two- or three-dimensional object that has a two-dimensional cross-section that is an arc of a circle less than one-half the full circle, with some thickness to the line that is usually greater toward the middle of the shape. This is the shape of the crescent phase of the moon. Three-dimensional Physical objects that are 'CrescentShaped' are usually only very approximately shaped like a true crescent, for example a Banana or a croissant.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and part of noun sense 1 
          (not an object that is crescent-shaped)  of 'crescent' in WordNet:
          WN noun 'crescent':
          1. crescent - (any shape resembling the curved shape
             of the moon in its first or last quarters)
          WN adj 'crescent':
            1. crescent, crescent-shaped, semilunar, lunate -
              (resembling the new moon in shape)

Super-classes Curved^c

Crested^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crested

Description

''Crested'' is an attribute of animals having a ''HeadCrest''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'crested' in Wordnet:
         2. crested, topknotted, tufted - ((of a bird or animal)
            having a usually ornamental tuft or process on the head; 
            often used in combination; 'golden crested'; 'crested iris'; 
            'crested oriole'; 'tufted duck'; 'tufted loosestrife')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Crevasse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crevasse

Description

A large crack in a stone object or a glacier. It is at least as long as a person. They are a hazard for mountain climbers.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crevasse' in WordNet:
          1. crevasse - (a deep fissure)

Super-classes DangerousTangibleThing^c
Crevice-Topographical^c

Crevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crevice`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes things called 'crack'. The Wordnet distinction between crevices that do not penetrate and those that do is represented in COSMO by a 'Crevice' as including both types of fissure, and its subtype 'Crack' including only the kind that penetrates through. This parent type includes both senses. CYC: The collection of all long, slender cavities or cracks or furrows in otherwise solid objects. The width of a crevice is significantly less than its length. The depth of a crevice is often greater than its width, and is never significantly less than its width. In WordNet the two senses of 'crevice' appear to differ only in that sense 2 is an opening, and therefore penetrates through to the far side - presumably of a SheetOfSomeStuff. This type includes both WN senses and the 'penetrating' sense is represented by subtype ''Crack'' in WordNet: 1. crevice, cranny, crack, fissure, chap - (a long narrow depression in a surface) WN => depression, impression, imprint - (a concavity in a surface WN produced by pressing; 'he left the impression of his fingers WN in the soft mud') 2. crack, cleft, crevice, fissure, scissure - (a long narrow opening) WN => opening, gap - (an open or empty space in or between things; WN 'there was a small opening between the trees'; WN 'the explosion made a gap in the wall')
Super-classes	CavityWithWalls^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	hasLocation^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	RockRift^c Crack^c Crevice-Topographical^c GeologicalFault^c Gap-Topographical^c Graben^c

Crevice-Topographical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crevice-Topographical`
Description	CYC: The collection of topographical features characterized by long, slender cavities or cracks or furrows. The width of a crevice is significantly less than its length. The depth of a crevice is often greater than its width, and is never significantly less than its width. `For a large fissure see subtype ''Crevasse''.`
Super-classes	Gap-Topographical^c Crevice^c Valley^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Sub-classes	Chasm^c Crevasse^c Gorge^c

Crew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crew`
Description	A ''GroupOfPeople'' (as small as one Person') who work together, usually in a common location, to achieve a common goal. This is a broad sense, and can be informal or highly structured, paid or unpaid. Includes 'crews' in a rowing race, transportation crews (train, airplane, boat) or an ad hoc group working together temporarily on some project of common interest. `Sense 2 has a separately represented subtype as ''ProductionCrew'' (for movies or plays). Includes noun senses 1, and 4 of 'crew' in WordNet: 1. (15) crew - (the men who man a ship or aircraft) 4. crew - (the team of men manning a racing shell)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	WorkCrew^c ProductionCrew^c

CrewCut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrewCut`
Description	A ''Crew'' is a ''HairCut'' (the Hair as a substance) in which the hair is cut short so that the ends of the top vertical strands are aligned flat, and are horizontal when a Person with a ''Crewcut'' (usually a man) is standing upright. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crew cut' in WordNet: 1. crew cut, flattop - (a closely cropped haircut; usually for men)`
Super-classes	HairCut^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CuttingHair^c

Crib^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crib

Description

A (relatively) small ''Bed'', having raised sides to allow babies to sleep with no risk of falling out.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crib' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) crib, cot - (baby bed with high sides made of slats)

Super-classes BabyBed^c

Cricket^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cricket

Description

The small insect that makes chirping noises by rubbing its forewings together. Called 'Cricket-Insect' in Cyc.

    Corresponds to sense 1 of 'cricket' in Wordnet:
    1. (1) cricket - (leaping insect; male makes chirping noises 
     by rubbing the forewings together)

Super-classes Insect^c
Vermin^c

Cricket-TheGame^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cricket-TheGame

Description

The game of cricket as played in the UK.

    Corresponds to sense 2 of 'cricket' in Wordnet:
    2. cricket - (a game played with a ball and bat by two teams of 11 players;
       teams take turns trying to score runs)

Super-classes Sport^c

CricketEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CricketEquipment`
Description	''CricketEquipment'' is any ArtifactObject that is designed to beused in ''"Cricket-TheGame". This is one item of equipment used in Cricket. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cricket equipment' in WordNet: 1. cricket equipment - (sports equipment used in playing cricket)`
Super-classes	SolidTangibleArtifact^c GameEquipment^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Cricket-TheGame^c
Sub-classes	Wicket^c

Crime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crime`
Description	An Action that violates some Criminal Law. This is a ProblemSituation because it becomes the task of a law enforcement agency to solve the crime. For violations of Civil Law (e.g. monetary torts) use the parent 'IllegalAction'. This can be performed by a Person or by an Organization or Group of people. `Cyc (CriminalAct): A collection of actions. Each instance of #$CriminalAct is an action which is illegal in the context, or jurisdiction, in which it is performed. For a broader concept, see also #$ActsCommonlyConsideredCriminal. In SUMO called 'CriminalAction' SUMO; Any IntentionalProcess that violates a Law. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crime' in WordNet: 1. (18) crime, law-breaking - ((criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act; 'a long record of crimes')`
Super-classes	AntisocialAction^c IllegalAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value LegalAgent^c mayCause^op value ProblemSituation^c hadAgentHarmed^op value Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Criminal^c
Sub-classes	AbettingaCrime^c Assault^c Corruption-Activity^c SexualAbuse^c Stealing^c Misdemeanor^c Felony^c Prostitution^c Poaching^c Treason^c Vandalism^c Kidnapping^c Perjury^c Vigilantism^c Trespassing^c Smuggling^c Hijacking^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericUnsolvedCrime

Criminal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Criminal`
Description	COSMO: someone who has committed a Crime (which is called 'CriminalAct' in Cyc). `Cyc: The collection of all individuals who have performed an instance of #$CriminalAct. NOTE: ''Outlaw'' is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'criminal' in WordNet: 1. (12) criminal, felon, crook, outlaw, malefactor - (someone who has committed (or been legally convicted of) a crime) WN noun 'perpetrator': 1. perpetrator, culprit - (someone who perpetrates wrongdoing)`
Super-classes	BadGuy^c Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Crime^c wasTheAgentInAction^op some Crime^c
Sub-classes	Murderer^c Hoodlum^c Kidnapper^c ConvictedCriminal^c Rapist^c Vigilante^c Gangster^c Outlaw^c Poacher^c Fugitive^c Pirate^c Smuggler^c Convict^c ContractKiller^c Mafioso^c Hijacker^c

CriminalCaseDecision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriminalCaseDecision`
Description	A ''CriminalCaseDecision'' is a ''LegalDecision'' (a Judgment, a Belief) arrived at by a Judge after some ''CriminalTrial'' Event. `This is described in either a ''ConvictionJudgment'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'') or an ''Acquittal'' issued by the ''Judge''.`
Super-classes	LegalDecision^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some CriminalTrial^c isTheMainTopicOf^op some (ConvictionJudgment^c or Acquittal^c) hasBeliever^op some Judge^c hasTopic^op some AccusedCriminal^c

CriminalGang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriminalGang`
Description	Any gang of any size primarily organized to perform criminal activities. `Corresponds to part of noun senses 1 of 'gang' in WordNet: 1. (7) gang, pack, ring, mob - (an association of criminals; 'police tried to break up the gang'; 'a pack of thieves')`
Super-classes	Gang^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value Criminal^c

CriminalInvestigationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriminalInvestigationEvent`
Description	CYC: A collection of instances of #$LawEnforcementEvent: specifically, the collection of all formal criminal investigations carried out by a law enforcement agency of some type. All include as a #$subEvents some instance of #$CrimeDetectionActivity. The scope of an instance of #$CriminalInvestigation is broader than just the activities carried out to detect the crime, however: it also includes the effort to identify and prosecute the perpetrator, the bureacratic procedures that accompany the investigation, and the actual arrest of the perpetrator, in cases where the investigation culminates in such. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'investigation' (done by a law enforcement agent) in WordNet: 1. (16) probe, investigation - (an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities; 'there was a congressional probe into the scandal')`
Super-classes	Investigation^c LawEnforcementActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Interrogating^c

CriminalProceding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriminalProceding`
Description	A CriminalProceding is a LegalAction in which a government organization with the proper authority files criminal charges against a defendent, and all subsequent actions in the same case. `This is not restricted to the court case, it can include as subtypes an 'arraignment.`
Super-classes	LegalAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Prosecution^c hasTopic^op value Crime^c
Sub-classes	CriminalTrial^c

CriminalRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriminalRecord`
Description	A ''CriminalRecord'' is a 'PerformanceRecord' describing the crimes committed by one Person (or in an extended sense, the criminal prosecutions that have been recorded).. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'criminal record' in WordNet: 1. criminal record, record - (a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted; 'he ruled that the criminal record of the defendant could not be disclosed to the court'; 'the prostitute had a record a mile long')`
Super-classes	PerformanceRecord^c List^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op some CodeSymbol^c

CriminalTrial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriminalTrial`
Description	CYC: 'Trial-Criminal': A trial in which a court determines whether the defendent is guilty as charged, and, if so, the punishment the defendent is to receive. `Specify who is being tried using ''hadAffectedAgent''.`
Super-classes	CriminalProceding^c Trial^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some AccusedCriminal^c

CriminalUnderworld^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriminalUnderworld`
Description	The ''CriminalUnderworld''' is the ''SocialClass'' consisting of ''Criminal''s, especially those that interact with each other or work in collaboration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underworld' in WordNet: 1. (1) underworld - (the criminal class)`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value Criminal^c

Cringeworthy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cringeworthy`
Description	''Cringeworthy'' is a property of an Action that causes an observer to (metaphorically) 'cringe' in embarrassment, either for him/herself or in sympathy with the person performing the embarrassing Action (even though that person may not realize how embarrassing it is).
Super-classes	Embarrassing^c

Cringing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cringing`
Description	''Cringing'' is usually involuntary, but may be voluntary when observing something that is distressing, and in that case may express an emotion of dislike or sympathy. This also includes a motion of 'shrnking', moving backward a litle, for fear of being harmed. That sense may be distinguishable - closer to ''Fear' than disappoval or distress. `RHW: 1. to shrink, bend, or crouch, esp. in fear or servility; cower. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cringe' in WordNet: 1. (2) flinch, squinch, funk, cringe, shrink, wince, recoil, quail - (draw back, as with fear or pain; 'she flinched when they showed the slaughtering of the calf')`
Super-classes	JerkingMotion^c BodyMovementEvent^c MotionInPlace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c isCausedBy^op some Perceiving^c

Crinkled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crinkled

Description

''Crinkled'' is a subtype of ''Wrinkled'' in which there are not only a few,but multiple short wrinkles over the surface, and the wrinkles may extend in various directions, including perpendicular to each other. So 'wavelike' may not be an appropriate synonym.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crinkled' in Wordnet:
          1. crinkled, crinkly, rippled, wavy, wavelike - (uneven by virtue of having wrinkles or waves)

Super-classes Wrinkled^c

Cripple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cripple`
Description	A ''Cripple'' is a ''HandicappedPerson'' .who has some form of ''Disability'' that makes walking difficult (i.e. has a ''WalkingImpairment''). This includes total inability to walk. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cripple' in WordNet: 1. (1) cripple - (someone who is unable to walk normally because of an injury or disability to the legs or back)`
Super-classes	HandicappedPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lame^c characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent^op value WalkingImpairment^c

Crippling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crippling

Description

This ''Crippling'' is primarily for bodily ijuries, but it can be used metaphorically for situations that cause great difficulty, such as a ''crippling debt'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crippling' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) crippling, disabling, incapacitating - (that cripples or disables or incapacitates;
               'a crippling injury')

Super-classes Troublesome^c

CripplingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CripplingEvent`
Description	This ''CripplingEvent'' includes the transitive and intransitive senses of 'crippling' - causing crippling or becoming crippled. These can be distinguished, but that is left for a future revision. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cripple' in WordNet: 2. cripple, lame - (deprive of the use of a limb, especially a leg; 'The accident has crippled her for life')`
Super-classes	Disabling^c IncurringAnInjury^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Casualty^c subjectBecomes^op value Cripple^c subjectBecomes^op value Lame^c

Crisis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crisis`
Description	A ''Crisis'' is a ''DangerousSituation'' that may last from one hour (for a health crisis) to several years (usually), and present a possibility of great loss. To be a ''Crisis'' it should last long enough to allow some time for decision-making, and should resolve soon enough that it doesn't become a normal situation. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'crisis' in WordNet: 1. (9) crisis - (an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty; 'they went bankrupt during the economic crisis') 2. (8) crisis - (a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something; 'after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better')`
Super-classes	DangerousSituation^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHour^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abnormal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Infrequent^c hasMaximumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeYears^c
Sub-classes	CriticalCrossroads^c

Crispy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crispy

Description

''Crispy'' is usually used as an attribute of a ''FoodObject'' but this type is not restricted to Food. Note that the attribute ''Tender-Food'' just means that it can be easily eaten, but the attribute ''Brittle'' restricts this to things that are not soft, like beef.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crispy' in Wordnet:
          1. crisp, crispy - (tender and brittle; 'crisp potato chips')

Super-classes Tender-Food^c
Thin^c
Brittle^c

CrissCross^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrissCross`
Description	A ''CrissCross'' is a ''Group'' where the dominant pattern has lines crossing over each other at some angle. This is for PhysicalObjects; a ''CrissCrossed'' solid object, or a pattern on a surface. In order to form a ''CrissCross' one needs at least four lines, two approximately parallel in each of two or more separate directions. `This is a Group, and to be complete, the Group needs to specify the angles at which the lines cross, whether they are in two or more dimensions, and whether they are straight or curved. @ToDo: use a 'long and thin' type to collect classes of things that can be used? Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'crisscross' in Wordnet; this is not only for markings, but also for solid objects: in WordNet: 1. crisscross, cross, mark - (a marking that consists of lines that cross each other)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (Line-Generic^c or LongAndThinObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or BarOrWireType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value CrissCrossed^c hasShape^op value CrissCrossPattern^c
Sub-classes	Grating^c

CrissCrossPattern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrissCrossPattern`
Description	A ''CrissCrossPattern'' is a 'PatternOfLines' in which there are at least four lines, two of which cross the other two at an angle. `This is a 'Pattern'' that can be 'had' by Objects and surfaces. See ''CrissCrossed''.`
Super-classes	PatternOfLines^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (Line-Generic^c or LongAndThinObject^c)
Sub-classes	PlaidPattern^c

CrissCrossed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrissCrossed`
Description	An Attribute of a surface (usually a flat surface that may be only a portion of an object) or of an object that has several ''Lines'' crossing each other, i.e. having a ''CrissCross'' pattern in two or more dimensions.
Super-classes	SurfaceAttributeValue^c

Critic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Critic`
Description	A ''Critic'' is a Person, not necessarily a professional critic, who provides a public evaluation of the merits or demerits of something. The professional 'critic' would be a subtype.. `Includes to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'critic' in WordNet: 1. (6) critic - (a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art) 2. (2) critic - (anyone who expresses a reasoned judgment of something)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Critiquing^c
Sub-classes	Reviewer^c

Critical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Critical`
Description	This sense of ''Critical'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Criticism'' or the generic type of writing in which 'criticism' in the sense of blaming or mere evaluation (distinguishable, but conflated here) is expressed. Includes adjective senses 3 and 7 of 'critical' and sense 1 of 'evaluative' in WordNet: 3. (5) critical - (characterized by careful evaluation and judgment; 'a critical reading'; 'a critical dissertation'; 'a critical analysis of Melville's writings') 7. critical - (of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism; 'critical acclaim') WN adj 'evaluative': 1. (1) appraising, evaluative - (exercising or involving careful evaluations; 'looked him over with an appraising eye'; 'the literary judge uses many evaluative terms')
Super-classes	Uncomplimentary^c PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Accusatory^c Insulting^c

CriticalCrossroads^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriticalCrossroads`
Description	A ''CriticalCrossroads'' is a ''Crisis'' where a decision must be made that could lead to a good outcome or a disaster. The 'need for a decison' is represented by the relation:''requiresResource'' ''Decision''. The meaning of that ObjectProperty is being stretched here. Perhaps a different property could be used, or a new one needed?? 'necessitates'?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crossroads' in WordNet: 2. (1) juncture, critical point, crossroads - (a crisis situation or point in time when a critical decision must be made; 'at that juncture he had no idea what to do'; 'he must be made to realize that the company stands at a critical point')
Super-classes	Crisis^c CriticalJuncture^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Decision^c

CriticalJuncture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CriticalJuncture`
Description	A ''CriticalJuncture'' is an 'Occasion' that occurs between two Events and may require some decision to decide how to proceed. Vague, and to be useful will need more elaboration and examples. This may not be distinguishable from subtype ''CrtiticalCrossroads'', unless the need to make a deicision is considered as the attribute that makes a ''CrtiticalCrossroads''. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'juncture' in WordNet: 1. (14) juncture, occasion - (an event that occurs at a critical time; 'at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave'; 'it was needed only on special occasions')`
Super-classes	Occasion^c
Restrictions	connects^op value PairOfEvents^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c
Sub-classes	CriticalCrossroads^c

Critically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Critically

Description

''Critically'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the action modified was performed in a ''Critical'' manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'critically' in WordNet:
         1. (3) critically - (in a critical manner; 'this must be examined critically')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Criticism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Criticism`
Description	Each 'Criticism' is a 'LinguisticAssertion' that represents the propositional content of a 'Criticizing'. Many different types of things can be criticised. A ''Criticism'' can be mild; for strong criticism use the subtype ''Denouncing'' or ''Condemning''. Appears to include all or parts of senses 1,2, and 3 of 'criticism' in WordNet (senses 2 and 3 are broken out as subtypes) - though the Wordnet gloss suggests that the content of a communication differs from 'knowledge', and that distinction is not made in COSMO. in WordNet: 1. (6) criticism, unfavorable judgment - (disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings; 'the senator received severe criticism from his opponent') 2. (3) criticism, critique - (a serious examination and judgment of something; 'constructive criticism is always appreciated') 3. (2) criticism, literary criticism - (a written evaluation of a work of literature)
Super-classes	Critique^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Critical^c
Sub-classes	Accusation^c Slander^c

Criticism-Genre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Criticism-Genre`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the literary criticism (i.e. books about books ) genre. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'criticism' in WordNet: 3. (2) criticism, literary criticism - (a written evaluation of a work of literature)`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c Genre^c
Sub-classes	Postmodernism^c

Criticizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Criticizing`
Description	Each 'Criticizing' is a Communication in which one IntelligentAgent asserts that there are faults or flaws in something; this is an evaluative expression of opinion. The Criticizing may be constructive, or have a malicious purpose. Somewhat related to ''Blaming'' - but how? Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'criticize' and verb sense 2 of 'attack' in WordNet: 1. (13) knock, criticize, criticise, pick apart - (find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws; 'The paper criticized the new movie'; 'Don't knock the food - it's free') 2. criticize, criticise - (act as a critic; 'Those who criticize others often are not perfect, either') WN verb 'attack': 2. (9) attack, round, assail, lash out, snipe, assault - (attack in speech or writing; 'The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker')
Super-classes	StatingSomething^c Commenting^c PurposefulAction^c Evaluating^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Criticism^c
Sub-classes	Backstabbing^c Nitpicking^c Scolding^c Backbiting^c Denouncing^c Accusing^c Reproaching^c DisparagingAction^c

Critique^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Critique`
Description	A evaluative review that finds and reports faults (flaws), or merits (virtues) in some ''Artifact-Generic'' FOr the 'review article' sense of synset 1 use 'ReviewArticle''. CYC ('Critique-CW'): The collection of all critiques. Instances are #$PropositionalConceptualWorks that are critical assessments of some #$Thing. Includes part of noun sense 1 and 2 of 'critique' in WordNet: 1. review, critique, critical review, review article - (an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)) 2. criticism, critique - (a serious examination and judgment of something; 'constructive criticism is always appreciated')
Super-classes	Evaluation^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some Critiquing^c hasTopic^op some Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Criticism^c RaveReview^c

Critiquing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Critiquing`
Description	Each ''Critiquing'' is an ''Evaluating'' in which one IntelligentAgent inspects and analyses some Artifact-Generic to identify good and bad aspects - faults or positive qualities or admirable or useful features (of Devices); this produces an evaluative expression of opinion - a ''Ctitique'' which may be a ''Criticism'' or ''PraiseText'' (if the ''Critiquing'' includes some ''Praising''). A Critiquing usually attempts to be objective. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'critique' in WordNet: 1. review, critique - (appraise critically; 'She reviews books for the New York Times'; 'Please critique this performance')`
Super-classes	Opining^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Critique^c
Sub-classes	ReviewingAnArticle^c

Croat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Croat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Croat' in WordNet: 1. Croatian, Croat - (a member of the Slavic people living in Croatia)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Croatia^c

Croatian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Croatian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Croatian' in Wordnet: 1. Croatian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Croatia or its people or language; 'Croatian villages')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Crocheting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crocheting`
Description	''Crocheting'' is the Action of weaving pieces of Thread together by hand using 'hooked needles'.. In instances of #$Crocheting, a fiber (usually #$Yarn) is formed into a row of a series of loops, then back along the same row making loops through the last set of loops, and so on to form a piece of fabric. #$Crocheting is done with a #$CrochetHook. RHW: 1. needlework done with a needle having a small hook at one end for drawing the thread or yarn through intertwined loops. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'crochet' in WordNet: 1. (1) crochet - (create by looping or crocheting; 'crochet a bedspread') 2. crochet, hook - (make a piece of needlework by interlocking and looping thread with a hooked needle; 'She sat there crocheting all day')
Super-classes	FashioningSomething^c SingleDoerAction^c Attaching^c Assembling^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c Manufacturing^c CraftingObjects^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Yarn^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c

CrochetingNeedle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrochetingNeedle`
Description	A long thin but relatively rigid ''Rod'' like that of a ''KnittingNeedle'' but each aving a ''hook' at one end, used in manipulating ''Yarn'' in ''Crocheting''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crochet needle' in WordNet: 1. crochet needle, crochet hook - (a needle with a hook on the end; used in crocheting)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c Shaft^c HandSizedObject^c Needle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Crocheting^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c hasPhysicalPart^op value CrochetingNeedleHook^c enablesOrAssists^op value Crocheting^c

CrochetingNeedleHook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrochetingNeedleHook`
Description	A ''CrochetingNeedleHook'' is a ''Hook' that is located at one end of a ''CrochetingNeedle'', that assists in drawing ''Yarn'' through small openings in developing crochet work.
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Hook^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value CrochetingNeedle^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value CrochetingNeedle^c

CrockPot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrockPot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Crock Pot' in WordNet: 1. Crock Pot - (an electric cooker that maintains a relatively low temperature)`
Super-classes	HeatingDevice^c Cooker^c Pot^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ContainerLid^c

Crocodile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crocodile

Description

CYC: The collection of all crocodiles. These so-called True Crocodiles are distinct from alligators. The collection #$Crocodile constitutes a biological suborder of the #$Crocodilians. Cf. #$Alligator.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crocodile' in WordNet:
            1. crocodile - (large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout
               with massive jaws and sharp teeth and a body covered with bony plates;
               of sluggish tropical waters)

Super-classes Crocodilian^c

Crocodilian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crocodilian`
Description	CYC: The collection of all alligators, crocodiles, caimans and gavials; a subset of #$Reptile. Each element of #$Crocodilian is a lizard-like aquatic or semi-aquatic reptile. (#$Crocodilian is not, however, a subset of #$Lizard.) Crocodilians are amphibious, carnivorous animals with many big sharp teeth and powerful bites. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crocodilian' in WordNet: 1. crocodilian reptile, crocodilian - (extant archosaurian reptile)`
Super-classes	Quadruped^c Reptile^c
Sub-classes	Alligator^c Crocodile^c

Crocus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crocus

Description

Low-growing bulblike species of the Iris order. Saffron is the dried orange tip of the pistil of certain crocuses. Some crocuses are reknowned for blooming in early spring when there is still snow on the ground (e.g. in the Alps).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crocus' in Wordnet:
           1. crocus - (any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender
           grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to
           the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated)

Super-classes LilyOrder^c
IrisOrder^c

Crooked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crooked`
Description	having angles or sharp curves - of LongAndThin objects. Usually a ''Crooked'' object has more than one curve or angle, but can have only one. If the curve is gentle, the object may be ''ArcShaped''. `The subtype ''Bent'' is for objects that have been bent from an initial (and normal) ''Straight'' shape. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crooked' in WordNet: 1. (2) crooked - (having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned; 'crooked country roads'; 'crooked teeth')`
Super-classes	LongAndThin^c
Sub-classes	Bent^c

Crop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crop`
Description	In COSMO we specify that a Crop is composed of (the useful parts) of ''Plant''s. Wild mushrooms may be a 'harvest' (not in COSMO). This is the harvested ''Crop'', not the plants still in the ground. CYC: #$Crop is the collection of things that are harvested. Most crops are cultivated and are harvested for food, but there are exceptions. For example, wild mushrooms brought in from the forest can be considered a crop. Mushrooms are also an example of a crop which is not part of a plant. Crops such as cotton have no culinary use, while other crops, such as (#$FruitFn #$CacaoTree), are turned into food products only after considerable processing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crop' in WordNet: 1. (8) crop, harvest - (the yield from plants in a single growing season)
Super-classes	Accumulation^c BiologicalLivingObject^c
Restrictions	wasObtainedInAction^op only ReapingCrops^c hasComponentElement^op only PlantPart^c

CropHeader^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CropHeader

Description

A ''Reaper'' designed to remove the heads from crops while harvesting.

     Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'header' in Wordnet:
        5. header - (a machine that cuts the heads off grain and moves them into a wagon)

Super-classes Reaper^c

CropPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CropPlant`
Description	$CropPlant is a specialization of #$Plant. Each `instance of #$CropPlant is a plant that has been or is commonly grown and harvested as crops, e.g. #$TobaccoPlant, #$CornPlant, #$OrangeTree, etc. COSMO note:mushrooms are not included,plants only. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crop' in WordNet (see also 'Crop'): in WordNet: 2. crop - (a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale)`
Super-classes	CultivatedPlant^c
Sub-classes	LettucePlant^c PineapplePlant^c Legume-ThePlant^c CurrantBush^c BlueberryBush^c CerealPlant^c NutTree^c CranberryBush^c OnionPlant^c BlackberryBush^c BambooPlant^c HempFamily^c TomatoPlant^c BeetPlant^c SugarcanePlant^c CoffeeBush^c GourdPlant^c GingerPlant^c CabbagePlant^c CeleryPlant^c FruitTree^c SpinachPlant^c LicoricePlant^c PepperPlant^c

CroquetBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CroquetBall`
Description	The ball used in a ''CroquetGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'croquet ball' in WordNet: 1. croquet ball - (a wooden ball used in playing croquet)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c Ball^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c BaseballEquipment^c SphericalObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value CroquetGame^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CroquetGame^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c

CroquetGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CroquetGame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'croquet' in WordNet: 1. croquet - (a game in which players hit a wooden ball through a series of hoops; the winner is the first to traverse all the hoops and hit a peg)`
Super-classes	OutdoorGame^c BallGame^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value CroquetBall^c

Cross-Country^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cross-Country

Description

         for 'cross-country skiing'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cross-country' in Wordnet:
          2. cross-country - (moving across open country rather than
               following tracks or roads; "a cross-country race")

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Cross-Cultural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cross-Cultural

Description

''Cross-Cultural'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the manner in which multiple ''Culture''s interact or affect Actions, or to Actions involving more than one ''Culture''.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cross-cultural' in Wordnet:
            1. cross-cultural - (dealing with or comparing two or more cultures;
                'a cross-cultural survey')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Cross-TortureDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cross-TortureDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$Cross-FixedStructure and #$TortureDevice. Each instance of #$Cross-TortureDevice is a cross-shaped freestanding structure designed to be used (notably by the Romans) as a device of torture and execution. A notable instance is #$CrossOfJesus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cross' in WordNet: 1. (2) cross - (a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece)`
Super-classes	Device^c DangerousTangibleThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value CrossShaped^c

CrossBeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossBeam`
Description	A ''CrossBeam'' is a rigid solid object used in structures where it is oriented horizontally, and usually attached at both ends to some vertically oriented component(s) of the structure. This is broad, and can include small or narrow beams,or large structural beams. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crossbeam' in WordNet: 1. trave, traverse, crossbeam, crosspiece - (a horizontal beam that extends across something) WN non 'crosspiece': 2. crosspiece - (a transverse brace)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinObject^c Beam^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	hasOrientation^op value Horizontal^c
Sub-classes	GoalPostCrossPiece^c

CrossExamining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossExamining`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cross examine' in WordNet: 1. cross examine, cross question - (question closely, or question a witness that has already been questioned by the opposing side; 'The witness was cross-examined by the defense')`
Super-classes	Examining^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Witness^c occursDuring^op value CourtCase^c

CrossEyed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossEyed`
Description	''BeingCrossEyed'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cross-eyed' in Wordnet: 1. cross-eyed - (having convergent strabismus)`
Super-classes	AbnormalBodyCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState^op value BeingCrossEyed^c

CrossLegged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossLegged

Description

''CrossLegged'' is a subtype of ''Seated'' characterizing a '''SeatedPerson'', who has the legs 'crossed', whether on a chair or on the floor or on any other supporting surface.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cross-legged' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) cross-legged - (with the legs crossed; 'he sat on the floor cross-legged and meditated')

Super-classes Seated^c

CrossSection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossSection`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cross section' in WordNet: 1. (3) cross section - (a section created by a plane cutting a solid perpendicular to its longest axis)`
Super-classes	Plane^c
Restrictions	isTheCrossSectionalShapeOf^op some (Object3D^c or ObjectType^c)

CrossShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossShaped

Description

The shape of a symbol or object that has two long straight parts that intersect near the middle of each part.

       CYC note: in CYC tis is an oject in this shape, but COSMO uses
          attributes where CYC uses an object with that attribute.
          CYC 'cruciform'
           A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization
                   of #$Polyhedron.  Each instance of #$Cruciform is a
                   three-dimensional object consisting of an upright beam and a
                   transverse beam, with the two beams roughly orthogonal to
                   each other.  Examples include spatially-localized objects
        (such as a Christian cross) as well as abstract cruciforms.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cruciform' in Wordnet:
           1. cruciate, cruciform - (shaped like a cross)
         WN adj 'cross-shaped':
           1. cross-shaped - (shaped in the form of a cross)

Super-classes Angular^c

Crossbow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crossbow`
Description	CYC: The set of all crossbows. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crossbow' in WordNet: 1. crossbow - (a bow fixed transversely on a wooden stock grooved to direct the arrow (quarrel))`
Super-classes	Bow-Weapon^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value HandleStock^c

Crossbreeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crossbreeding`
Description	''Crossbreeding'' is usually the action of mating (plant or animal) between different races or varieties of the same species of organisms, but in some cases different named species may be able to interbreed. NOTE: ''Crossbreeding'' need not be an intentional crsossing of two varieties by people to produce a new variety; this Action can be performed by animals or plants without any planning by people. The intentional crossbreeding by 'breeders' should be a subtype 'Hybridization'. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crossbreed' in WordNet: 1. crossbreed, cross, hybridize, hybridise, interbreed - (breed animals or plants using parents of different races and varieties; 'cross a horse and a donkey'; 'Mendel tried crossbreeding'; 'these species do not interbreed')
Super-classes	SexualReproductionEvent^c Breeding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Breeder^c hasDirectObject^op some OrganismType^c produces^op value HybridOrganism^c

Crosscountry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crosscountry

Description

         Also for'cross-contry flight'; 'cross-country trip'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cross-country' in Wordnet:
           1. cross-country - (from one side of a country to the other; 'a cross-country railway')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Crossing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crossing`
Description	A ''Crossing'' is a ''PathArtifact'' that crosses over the surface of another outdoor ''PathArtifact'' at an angle, often perpendicular. In the case of railroad crossings, there may be specific strictures that make the crossed path different from other sections. `The pedestrian 'crosswalks' over streets are represented by the subtype ''Crosswalk''. These may be distinghished b as little as a marking on the street surface or a sign at the side of the road. Crossing locations over streams are not included here. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'crossing' in Wordnet: 5. crossing, crosswalk, crossover - (a path (often marked) where something (as a street or railroad) can be crossed to get from one side to the other)`
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op some (Person^c or LandTransportationVehicle^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) liesAcross^op some PathForWheeledVehicles^c isLocatedAt^op some PathForWheeledVehicles^c

CrossingABorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossingABorder`
Description	CYC: Any subEvent of a #$Movement-TranslationProcess in which a #$Border is crossed.
Super-classes	CrossingSomething^c Translation-SingleTrajectory^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Restrictions	hasThingPassedThrough^op some Border^c
Sub-classes	CrossingACountryBorder^c

CrossingABridge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossingABridge`
Description
Super-classes	CrossingAGap^c

CrossingACountryBorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossingACountryBorder`
Description	The subset of the collection #$CrossingABorder where the border crossed is a #$CountryBorder.
Super-classes	CrossingABorder^c
Restrictions	hasThingPassedThrough^op some CountryBorder^c
Sub-classes	ExitingaCountry^c Exporting^c Importing^c EnteringaCountry^c

CrossingAGap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossingAGap`
Description
Super-classes	CrossingSomething^c Translation-SingleTrajectory^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Sub-classes	CrossingABridge^c

CrossingAnOcean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossingAnOcean`
Description	''CrossingAnOcean'' is an Action performed by things, animate or inanimate, that move or extend from one side of an ocean to the other. `NOTE: the parent ''Movement-TranslationEvent'' requires origin and end,but for things that extend across or exist on both sides of an Ocean, the motion can be viewed as metaphorical.`
Super-classes	Translation-SingleTrajectory^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c CrossingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingPassed^op some Ocean^c
Sub-classes	CrossingTheAtlanticOcean^c

CrossingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossingSomething`
Description	Any Event in which some object crosses over or trough some object or region or borderline. This differs from Translation-LocationChange only in that there is something specific that is crossed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cross' in WordNet: 1. (48) traverse, track, cover, cross, pass over, get over, get across, cut through, cut across - (travel across or pass over; 'The caravan covered almost 100 miles each day') WN noun 'travesal': 2. traversal, traverse - (travel across)`
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c PassingThroughOrBySomething^c
Sub-classes	CrossingAGap^c CrossingABorder^c CrossingTheFinishLine^c CrossingAnOcean^c

CrossingTheAtlanticOcean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossingTheAtlanticOcean`
Description	''CrossingTheAtlanticOcean'' is a ''CrossingAnOcean'' in which the ''Ocean'' is the ''AtlanticOcean''.
Super-classes	CrossingAnOcean^c
Restrictions	hasThingPassed^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtlanticOcean^c

CrossingTheFinishLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrossingTheFinishLine`
Description	''CrossingTheFinishLine'' is the Action in which one ''Racer'' crosses the line indicating the place where the ''Race'' ends (is completed). This is used for both foot races and vehicle races. @mod61
Super-classes	CrossingSomething^c ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Restrictions	isaTemporalPartOfEvent^op some Race^c isPerformedBy^op some Racer^c occurredAt^op value RaceCourse^c occurredAt^op some FinishLine^c

Crosswalk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crosswalk`
Description	A ''Crosswalk'' is a ''Crossing'' that crosses over the surface of a ''Street''. The pedestrian 'crosswalks' over streets are represented by the subtype ''Crosswalk''. These may be distinguished by as little as a painted marking on the street surface or a sign at the side of the road, usually at an intersection. More noiceable ''Crosswalk''s may have distinctive paving such as brick in an otherwose macadam roadway. Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'crossing' in Wordnet: 5. crossing, crosswalk, crossover - (a path (often marked) where something (as a street or railroad) can be crossed to get from one side to the other)
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c
Restrictions	liesAcross^op some Street^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Pedestrian^c isLocatedAt^op value Street^c

Crosswise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crosswise

Description

''Crosswise'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Assertion Event and specifies that the position of the Object or event or attribute that is the subject of the Assertion is to be interpreted as being from one side of the object of 'across' to the other side;

      Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'across' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) across - (to the opposite side; 'the football field was 300 feet across')
          2. (1) across, crosswise, crossways - (transversely; 'the marble slabs were cut across')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

CrosswordPuzzle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrosswordPuzzle`
Description	A ''CrosswordPuzzle'' is a usually rectangular ''TwoDimensionalTable'' (an ''Array'') of ''BlankSpace''s each of which can be filled in with (usually) one ''LetterOfTheAlphabet'' to make valid words or phrases when read both horizontally and vertically. Variants may have occasional deviations from the usual solving procedure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crossword puzzle' in WordNet: 1. crossword puzzle, crossword - (a puzzle in which words corresponding to numbered clues are to be found and written in to squares in the puzzle)`
Super-classes	Puzzle-TangibleProduct^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value FillingInBlankSpace^c hasComponentElement^op value BlankSpace^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value TwoDimensionalTable^c

Crouton^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crouton

Description

A ''Crouton' is a marble-sized piece of ''Bread'' (a 'BreadObject'') that has been toasted and is used as a part of various dishes such as salads..

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crouton' in WordNet:
     1. crouton - (a small piece of toasted or fried bread; served in soup or salads)

Super-classes BreadObject^c

Crow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crow

Description

A species of Big black bird, bigger than a starling, but smaller than a Raven.

      NOTE: some European crows are black and gray, not all black.
      New World oriole
      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crow' in WordNet:
        1. (2) crow - (black birds having a raucous call)

Super-classes Blackbird^c
CorvineBird^c

Crowbar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crowbar`
Description	A hand tool used for prying large objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crowbar' in WordNet: 1. crowbar, wrecking bar, pry, pry bar - (a heavy iron lever with one end forged into a wedge)`
Super-classes	HardwareTool^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c RigidObject^c LongAndThinThing^c Device-UserPowered^c Lever^c HandTool^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Iron^c

CrowdOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrowdOfPeople`
Description	COSMO note: a 'Crowd' has to have at least four people in it. If larger than ten people, it would also be a ''Mob''. This is the PhysicalObject consisting of the aggregate of the individual people. For each instance, the location must be specified. `NOTE: this is an intuitive concept. It differs from ''Assembly'' in that a 'crowd', if indoors has to have at least ten people, and more people than can be seated, or the people must be so numerous that there is little capacity remaining for more people to move around the location freely; if gathered ''OutOfDoors'' there should be more than twenty people. Cyc: A group of people all together for some purpose.` @mod43 In Wordnet only the more generic group, comparable to 'Mob' is represented: in WordNet: 1. (35) crowd - (a large number of things or people considered together; 'a crowd of insects assembled around the flowers')
Super-classes	LargeGroupOfPeople^c AssemblageOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Outdoors^c
Sub-classes	Mob^c

Crowded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crowded`
Description	An attribute of Places or Objects that have a ''CrowdOfPeople'' inside. Other senses of 'crowded' ('crowded schedule') are represented elsewhere. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'crowded' (for crowds of people) in Wordnet: 1. (12) crowded - (overfilled or compacted or concentrated; 'a crowded theater'; 'a crowded program'; 'crowded trains'; 'a young mother's crowded days')`
Super-classes	Populated^c
Sub-classes	Teeming^c Bustling^c

Crowding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crowding`
Description	''Crowding'' is the movement of some Objects that have some degree of volition coming close enough together to impede the movement of other such objects to some degree. This can be for animals or vehicles. Perhaps it can be applied to other objects? Automatons? `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'crowd' in WordNet: 2. (3) crowd - (fill or occupy to the point of overflowing; 'The students crowded the auditorium') 3. (2) crowd, crowd together - (to gather together in large numbers; 'men in straw boaters and waxed mustaches crowded the verandah') WN noun 'crowding: 1. crowding - (a situation in which people or things are crowded together; 'he didn't like the crowding on the beach')`
Super-classes	ComingTogether^c
Restrictions	produced^op value MobOfThings^c hasParticipant^op value MovingObject^c isPerformedBy^op some ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	Overcrowding^c

Crown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crown`
Description	CYC: The collection of ornamental headgear made of gold or other precious metal, typically worn by royalty. `NOTE that in CYC a ''Crown'' is a subtype of ''Hat'' but in COSMO it is a piece of ''Jewelry'' - hats in COSMO are to protect the head and need to be able to do that, whether or not they are decorative. In COSMO a ''Crown'' does not have to be jewelled, but commonly is. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'crown' in Wordnet: 4. (1) crown, diadem - (an ornamental jewelled headdress signifying sovereignty)`
Super-classes	Jewelry^c ClothingAccessory^c SymbolicObject^c HeadWear^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Jewel^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Head^c

Crucial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crucial`
Description	''Crucial'' is an attribute expressing a very high level of importance - not just 'very important' but implying that the thing so described is indispensable to some purpose. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crucial' in WordNet: 1. (6) crucial, important - (of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; 'a crucial moment in his career'; 'a crucial election'; 'a crucial issue for women') 2. (1) crucial - (having crucial relevance; 'crucial to the case'; 'relevant testimony')`
Super-classes	Relevant^c Important^c
Sub-classes	Pivotal^c

CruciferousPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CruciferousPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cruciferous plant' in WordNet: 1. crucifer, cruciferous plant - (any of various plants of the family Cruciferae)`
Super-classes	Plant-NonWoody^c HerbPlant^c
Sub-classes	MustardPlant^c Cauliflower^c Broccoli^c

CruciferousVegetable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CruciferousVegetable`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cruciferous vegetable' in WordNet: 1. cruciferous vegetable - (a vegetable of the mustard family: especially mustard greens; various cabbages; broccoli; cauliflower; brussels sprouts)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c SolidFood^c
Sub-classes	Broccoli-Foodstuff^c Cauliflower-Foodstuff^c

Crucifix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crucifix`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes crucifixes with or without the figure of Jesus on them. This is also called a 'cross' though Wordnet does not include that sense of 'cross' with the word 'crucifix' In Cyc called 'Crucifix-ChristianSymbol' Cyc: A specialization of #$ArtObject and #$ReligiousSymbol. Each instance of #$Crucifix-ChristianSymbol is a representational (usually 3-d, carving or sculpture) work of art that depict #$JesusOfNazareth on the #$CrossOfJesus. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'crucifix', and perhaps also to noun sense 3 of 'cross': in Wordnet: 1. (1) crucifix, rood, rood-tree - (representation of the cross on which Jesus died) WN 'cross': 3. (1) Cross - (a representation of the structure on which Jesus was crucified; used as an emblem of Christianity or in heraldry)
Super-classes	SacredObject^c ArtObject^c SymbolicThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value CrossShaped^c

Crucifying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crucifying

Description

An instance of #$DurativeEventType and a specialization of #$Execution-Judicial and #$Torture. Each instance of #$Crucifying is an event in which an agent executes a human by nailing that human to a #$Cross-TortureDevice.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'crucify' in WordNet:
          1. (2) crucify - (kill by nailing onto a cross; 'Jesus Christ was crucified')
        WN noun 'crucifixion':
          1. (1) crucifixion - (the act of executing by a method widespread
           in the ancient world; the victim's hands and feet are bound or nailed to a cross)

Super-classes PhysicalTorture^c
Execution-Judicial^c

Cruel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cruel`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling 'Cruelty', or of an act performed by that person that exhibits ''Cruelty''. This attribute causes a Person to perform acts that are not only ''Unkind'' but cause significant pain (psychological or physical) or harm, more intense than being ''Unkind''. `This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cruel' in WordNet: 1. (3) barbarous, brutal, cruel, fell, roughshod, savage, vicious - ((of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering; 'a barbarous crime'; 'brutal beatings'; 'cruel tortures'; 'Stalin's roughshod treatment of the kulaks'; 'a savage slap'; 'vicious kicks')`
Super-classes	Unkind^c Vicious^c
Sub-classes	Heinous^c Malevolent^c Atrocious^c

CruelAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CruelAct`
Description	Each 'CruelAct' is an Action in which some animal is unnecessarily harmed or made uncomfortable - physical or psychological torment ar both included. The agent of a CruelAct will usually be guilty of callous indifference to the suffering of the animal or person harmed - associated with the trait of ''Cruelness''. `Harming an agent because of some perceived necessity - to protect someone (e.g. swatting a mosquito), to help that agent, or to help other people, is not necessarily a CruelAct. There is a borderline (such as torturing a suspect to elicit important information) that is not resolved in the meaning of this type. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cruelty' in WordNet: 1. (4) cruelty, inhuman treatment - (a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering)`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c HarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Animal^c
Sub-classes	Atrocity^c

Cruelly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cruelly

Description

NOTE: 'cruelly' and 'brutally' both refer to ''Cruel'' as the stem adjective, but in COSMO ''Brutally'' represents a more intense degree of 'cruelty' than ''Cruelly''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'cruelly' in Wordnet:
         2. cruelly - (in a cruel manner; 'he treated his students cruelly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Cruelness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cruelness`
Description	''Cruelness'' is a Trait that disposes a Person to ''CruelAct''s. A Person with this trait is (has attribute) ''Cruel'', and has Feelings of ''Cruelty''. NOTE that two relations can relate a ''Trait'' to a ''Feeling'': isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling disposesToFeeling This occurs because a 'Feeling' is a subtype of Action, and 'disposesToFeeling' is a subproperty of 'isaTendencyTooPerformAction', but the two relations do not necessarily imply each other. *More refinement and/or simplification may be useful This corresponds to sense 3 of 'Cruelty' in Wordnet: 3. (1) cruelty, cruelness, harshness - (the quality of being cruel and causing tension or annoyance)
Super-classes	Badness^c
Sub-classes	Brutality^c

Cruelty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cruelty`
Description	A Feeling that disposes a person to perform a ''CruelAct'' on some animal. `This has some of the aspects of a Trait ('cruelness'?), but that is represented separately. (perhaps unnecessarily?) This corresponds to sense 3 of 'Cruelty' in Wordnet: 3. (1) cruelty, cruelness, harshness - (the quality of being cruel and causing tension or annoyance)`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value CruelAct^c

Cruise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cruise`
Description	A ''Cruise'' is a 'WaterTravel' that takes place in a ''Ship'' on some large body of water,which could be a River that can handle larger boats, on an Ocean or part of an Ocean, or on some large Sea, or sometimes on a 'NavigableRiver''. `A river cruise can be as short as part of a day. Borderline subtype? need subtype 'river cruise'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'cruise' (not necessarily on an ocean) in WordNet: 1. cruise, sail - (an ocean trip taken for pleasure) WN verb 'cruise': 4. cruise - (sail or travel about for pleasure, relaxation, or sightseeing; 'We were cruising in the Caribbean')`
Super-classes	WaterTravel^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Ship^c

Cruiser^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cruiser

Description

CYC: The collection of warships which are relatively large and fast. Cruisers are usually smaller than battleships, but larger than destroyers.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cruiser' in WordNet:
         2. cruiser - (a large fast warship; smaller than a battleship 
             and larger than a destroyer)

Super-classes ModernNavalShip^c
Weapon^c

Crumb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crumb`
Description	A ''Crumb'' is a small piece of bread or cake or Cookie or Cracker (i.e. part of a ''FlourBasedObject''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crumb' in Wordnet: 3. crumb - (small piece of e.g. bread or cake)`
Super-classes	TinyObject^c PieceOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value SlicingSomething^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op some (FlourBasedObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Crumbling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crumbling

Description

''Crumbling'' can characterize structures that are falling into pieces, and also other brittle objects that can fall into pieces.

      No sense of 'crumbling' adjective in WN.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Crumpled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crumpled

Description

''Crumpled'' is the attribute of a some ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (typically paper) that has been compacted by ''Crumpling'' 'crumpled into a ball and thrown into the wastebasket'

      NOTE: in CYC attributes are represented by obejcts with that attribute,
      but in COSMO that is not the practice:
       CYC:  the shape of something after it has gone through a
       #$Crumpling - no longer sheet-shaped, but now wrinkled and
        probably roughly ball-shaped.

      Includes but is broader than (used for paper also) adjective sense 1 of 'crumpled' 
          in Wordnet:
        1. (1) bent, crumpled, dented - (of metal e.g.; 'bent nails';
           'a car with a crumpled front end'; 'dented fenders')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Crumpling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crumpling`
Description	Each ''Crumpling'' is a Compacting action in which some agent takes a sheet-like objects and compresses it so that it folds in irregular lines into a compact mass that has a roughly spheroidal. The 'crumpling' of an auto fender in a collision is not an instance of this type; the action must result in a compacting of an object into an object with a smaller length and width. This will be used mostly for crumpling pieces of paper into a ball or wad. For folding paper neatly use ''Folding''. CYC: A collection of events. A #$Crumpling event is an event of #$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial in which some particular sheetlike object (e.g., a piece of paper, a cloth sheet, or a fender) is crumpled. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'crumple' in RHW: 1. to press or crush into irregular folds or into a compact mass; bend out of shape; rumple; wrinkle. Corresponds to only part of verb sense 4 of 'crumple' in WordNet: 4. rumple, crumple, wrinkle, crease, crinkle - (become wrinkled or crumpled or creased; 'This fabric won't wrinkle')
Super-classes	Compacting^c HandlingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SheetOfSomeStuff^c

CrunchingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrunchingSound

Description

A ''CrunchingSound'' is a series of audible low-to-medium frequency sounds that resembles the shound of someone walking on gravel or of a dried vegetalbe material being compressed and fragmented..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crunch' in WordNet:
          1. (1) crunch - (the sound of something crunching; 
            'he heard the crunch of footsteps on the gravel path')

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Crunchy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crunchy

Description

The term ''Crunchy'' is used to characterize solid objects and granular substances that, when compressed, make a ''CrunchingSound''. The WN gloss only suggests use for foods, but gravel may also make a ''CrunchingSound'' when stepped on, and that is included here.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crunchy' in Wordnet:
          1. crisp, firm, crunchy - (pleasingly firm and fresh and making a crunching noise when chewed;
             'crisp carrot and celery sticks'; 'a firm apple'; 'crunchy lettuce')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Crushed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crushed`
Description	An Attribute of Objects that have been crushed, i.e. subject to the 'CrushingAnObject' process.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

CrushedFruit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrushedFruit`
Description	'CrushedFruit' is a FruitFood prepared by crushing pieces of 'Fruit' (a 'CrushingAnObject' Event). It may be modified for use in various ways as a Food substance, e.g. in 'Jam'.
Super-classes	FruitFood^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op some EdibleFruit^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crushed^c

CrushedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrushedObject`
Description	The remains (in one or more than one pieces) of a SolidObject (or more than one) that have been crushed, i.e. subjected to the 'CrushingAnObject' process.
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some CrushingAnObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crushed^c

CrushingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrushingAnAnimal`
Description	''CrushingAnAnimal'' is a subtype of ''CrushingAnObject'' in which an Animal is crushed to death. This can be in an accident of by another animal such as a ''Constrictor'' that kills prey by crushing it. THe animal can be human or nun-human. This can be used for any animal, even 'swatting' a fly to death. `Corresponds to part verb sense 2 of 'crush' in WordNet: 2. (3) squash, crush, squelch, mash, squeeze - (to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition; 'crush an aluminum can'; 'squeeze a lemon')`
Super-classes	CrushingAnObject^c Killing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (AnimalType^c or Animal^c) mayBePerformedByAgent^op value Constrictor^c

CrushingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrushingAnObject`
Description	An Action in which some Agent (does not have to be animate) puts force or pressure on a solid object, causing it to collapse into a small volume, or into a distorted shapeor into multiple fragments, If the crushed object was functional (e.g. alive), it becomes non-functional. Therefore a metaphoric 'crushing', meaning a crowding, is not included. Crushing (crumpling) a piece of paper into a ball would be included, but the paper is not functional, so it could be opened up and the contents (if any) read, and the initial crushing action would still be an instance of this type. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'crush' in WordNet: 2. (3) squash, crush, squelch, mash, squeeze - (to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition; 'crush an aluminum can'; 'squeeze a lemon')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c ApplyingAPressure^c SqueezingEvent^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (SolidObjectType^c or SolidObject^c) produced^op value CrushedObject^c
Sub-classes	CrushingAnAnimal^c

Crust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crust`
Description	A sheet-like solid layer on the surface of some Object that has hardened or accreted from a less solid form. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crust' in WordNet: 2. crust, incrustation, encrustation - (a hard outer layer that covers something)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c OuterPhysicalSurface^c SolidObject^c Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Surface-Physical^c
Sub-classes	PieCrust^c

Crustacean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crustacean`
Description	Typically aquatic arthropods that have an exoskeleton and appendages on each segment and two pairs of antenna. `SUMO: A Class of Arthropods that mainly dwells in water and has a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton. Includes lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crustacean' in WordNet: 1. crustacean - (any mainly aquatic arthropod usually having a segmented body and chitinous exoskeleton)`
Super-classes	Arthropod^c Shellfish^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Chitin^c
Sub-classes	Barnacle^c MalacostracanCrustacean^c Crayfish^c Crab^c Shrimp^c Lobster^c

Crusty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crusty`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crusty' in Wordnet: 1. crusted, encrusted, crusty, crustlike - (having a hardened crust as a covering)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Crutch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crutch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crutch' in WordNet: 1. (2) crutch - (a wooden or metal staff that fits under the armpit and reaches to the ground; used by disabled person while walking)`
Super-classes	StraightLongAndThinObject^c Device^c SupportingObject^c PortableObject^c Framework^c Staff^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Cripple^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 210.0^c enablesOrAssists^op value Walking^c isOperatedByAction^op value Grasping^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value Walking^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 60.0^c

Cry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cry`
Description	A ''Cry'' is a type of ''Speech'' caused by and expressing some Emotion.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cry' in WordNet: 2. (10) cry, yell - (a loud utterance of emotion (especially when inarticulate); 'a cry of rage'; 'a yell of pain')`
Super-classes	Speech^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value EmotionalState^c
Sub-classes	Lamentation^c

Crybaby^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crybaby`
Description	A ''Crybaby'' is a Person who is ''Disagreeable'' because of a behavioral tendency to complain about things s/he finds unpleasant, expecially the way she has been treated by others or the problems s/he has to endure. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crybaby' in WordNet: 2. whiner, complainer, moaner, sniveller, crybaby, bellyacher, grumbler, squawker - (a person given to excessive complaints and crying and whining)`
Super-classes	UnpleasantPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ComplainingAboutSomething^c

Crying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crying`
Description	Crying, usually but not necessarily shedding tears. Cyc: The process of excreting tears from the eyes. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cry' in WordNet: 2. (12) cry, weep - (shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain; 'She cried bitterly when she heard the news of his death'; 'The girl in the wheelchair wept with frustration when she could not get up the stairs') WN 'crying': WN Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crying' in WordNet: 1. crying, weeping, tears - (the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds); 'I hate to hear the crying of a child'; 'she was in tears')
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c Vocalizing^c MakingFacialExpression^c
Sub-classes	Bawling^c Whimpering^c Sobbing^c

Cryogenic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cryogenic

Description

Cryogenic is a QualitativeAttributeValue for anything that has a temperature below -20 deg. C (i.e. below the temperatures usually found in the freezer component of a refrigerator. This usually refers to very cold materials such as dry ice, liquid nitrogen, or liquid helium or the temperatures that such materials can produce when used for refrigeration. It is not necessary to have been through a ''Freezing'' process to be ''Cryogenic''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cryogenic' in WordNet:
        1. cryogenic - (of or relating to very low temperatures)

Super-classes IcyCold^c

Cryptographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cryptographer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cryptographer' in WordNet: 1. cryptanalyst, cryptographer, cryptologist - (decoder skilled in the analysis of codes and cryptograms)`
Super-classes	SkilledWorker^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	isSkilledAt^op value Cryptography^c isSkilledAt^op value Encoding^c

Cryptography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cryptography`
Description	''Cryptography'' is the science concerned with designing codes for hiding information, and in 'breaking' such codes (''Decoding''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cryptography' in WordNet: 1. cryptanalysis, cryptanalytics, cryptography, cryptology - (the science of analyzing and deciphering codes and ciphers and cryptograms)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Cryptographer^c hasTopic^op value Encoding^c hasComponentElement^op value Encoding^c hasComponentElement^op value Decoding^c

Crystalline^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crystalline

Description

In OpenCyc this class is a collection of pieces of crystalline material. In COSMO it is reinterpreted as an attribute of some solids, whether of single self-connected objects or of granular solids. This is disjoint with 'SemiSolid'

    Cyc:  The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible
        having a solid crystalline structure.  In a crystalline
        solid the atoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in
        well-defined arrangements.  These solids often have flat
        faces that make angles with one another.  They are
        frequently translucent and brittle.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crystalline' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) crystalline - (consisting of or containing or of the nature of crystals;
             'granite is crystalline')

Super-classes Solid^c

CrystallineObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrystallineObject`
Description	In OpenCyc called 'Crystalline'. `Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible having a solid crystalline structure. In a crystalline solid the atoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in well-defined arrangements. These solids often have flat faces that make angles with one another. They are frequently translucent and brittle.`
Super-classes	InanimateThing^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c
Sub-classes	IceCube^c HailStone^c MineralObject^c SingleCrystal^c Icicles^c Icicle^c Gemstone^c Pearl^c Snowflake^c SugarCube^c

CrystallineSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CrystallineSubstance`
Description	CrystallineSubstance is a Substance, not an Object. It can be made of one or more crystals of any chemical composition, inorganic or organic. `NOTE that the Wordnet 'crystal' seems to be ambiguous as it may refer to an object. For an object that is crystalline, use 'CrystallineObject'. For an single crystal, use 'SingleCrystal'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'crystal' in WordNet: 1. (17) crystal - (a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value SingleCrystal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c
Sub-classes	Granite^c

Crystallizing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Crystallizing

Description

the process in which a liquid is transformed to become crystalline.

        NOTE this includes precipitation of solids from a solution.

       Includes both transitive and intransitive verb senses ,
           3 and 4 of 'crystallize' in WordNet:
         3. (1) crystallize, crystallise, crystalize, crystalise - 
           (cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form; 'crystallize minerals')
         4. (1) crystallize, crystalize, crystalise, effloresce - 
             (assume crystalline form; become crystallized)
       WN noun 'crysallization':
         1. (1) crystallization, crystallisation, crystallizing -
            (the formation of crystals)

Super-classes StateChange^c

Cuban^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuban

Description

''Cuban'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Cuba'' or a ''CubanPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'C'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Cuban' in WordNet:
       1. (7) Cuban - (of or relating to or characteristic of Cuba 
          or the people of Cuba; 'Cuban rum')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Cube^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cube`
Description	A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$RectangularParallelepiped (q.v.). This is the collection of all three-dimensional cubes, whether spatially-localized (e.g. dice) or abstract. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cube' in WordNet: 2. (2) cube, regular hexahedron - (a hexahedron with six equal squares as faces) 5. cube, square block - (a block in the (approximate) shape of a cube)`
Super-classes	RectangularParallelepiped^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Cubic^c

CubeShapedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CubeShapedObject`
Description	A ''CubeShapedObject'' is a ''SoldObject in the shape of a ''Cube''. `NOTE that this is for any solidObject that is cube-shaped, including small objects. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'cube' in WordNet: 5. cube, square block - (a block in the (approximate) shape of a cube)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Cube^c

Cubic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cubic

Description

The property of being shaped like a 'Cube' - this can be very approximate, and can be applied to an IceCube, even if there are rounded edges, as in those produced by a refrigerator.

        The wordNet adjective 'cubic' merely means having three dimensions, so
           this would be a subtype of that.  For the WordNet sense use 'ThreeDimensional'
         in WordNet:
            1. (1) cubic, three-dimensional - (having three dimensions)

Super-classes RectangularParallelepipedLike^c
Angular^c

CubicCentimeter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CubicCentimeter

Description

A CubicCentimeter is a unit for measuring volume, equal to the volume of a cube measuring one centimeter length in each dimension of length, width, and height.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cubic centimeter' in WordNet:
     1. (2) milliliter, millilitre, mil, ml, cubic centimeter, cubic centimetre,
         cubic centimetrecubic centimetre, cc - 
        (a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter)

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

CubicFoot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CubicFoot

Description

CubicFoot is a unit for measuring volume, equal to a volume of one foot length in each dimension of length, width, and height.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cubic foot' in WordNet:
     1. (1) cubic foot, cu ft - (the volume equal to a cube one foot on each side)

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

Cubicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cubicle`
Description	A ''Cubicle'' is a ''PartitionedSpace'' by walls (not necessarily up to the ceiling) to allow people to do work with some isolation from others. This can be a part of a lerger room,or a stand-alone 'booth' such as a ''TollBooth'' or a 'ticket booth' that is not part of a larger structure. `More distinctions can be made with additional subtypes. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'cubicle' in WordNet; the location is not necessarily a library: in WordNet: 2. carrel, carrell, cubicle, stall - (small individual study area in a library) 3. booth, cubicle, stall, kiosk - (small area set off by walls for special use)`
Super-classes	PartitionedSpace^c SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c WorkingSpot^c
Restrictions	spatiallyContains^op value Table-Furniture^c
Sub-classes	Confessional^c TicketBooth^c TollBooth^c

Cuckolding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuckolding`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cuckold' in WordNet: 1. cheat on, cheat, cuckold, betray, wander - (be sexually unfaithful to one's partner in marriage; 'She cheats on her husband'; 'Might her husband be wandering?'`
Super-classes	Deceiving^c
Sub-classes	TwoTiming^c

Cuckoo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuckoo

Description

A bird that doesn't build a nest.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuckoo' in WordNet:
        2. cuckoo - (any of numerous European and North American birds 
           having pointed wings and a long tail)

Super-classes Bird^c

CuckooClock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuckooClock`
Description	Usually a pendulum clock, sometimes on the shelf RHW: 'a wall or shelf clock, often carved and decorated, that announces the hours by a sound like the call of the cuckoo, usually accompanied by the appearance of an imitation bird through a little door.' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuckoo clock' in WordNet: 1. cuckoo clock - (clock that announces the hours with a sound like the call of the cuckoo)`
Super-classes	Clock^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Pendulum^c

Cucumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cucumber`
Description	An individual cucumber. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'cucumber' in WordNet: 2. cucumber, cuke - (cylindrical green fruit with thin green rind and white flesh eaten as a vegetable; related to melons)
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value CucumberPlant^c

CucumberPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CucumberPlant

Description

Individual cucumber plants.

    Corresponds to sense 1 of 'cucumber' in WordNet:
    1. cucumber, cucumber vine, Cucumis sativus - (a melon vine 
       of the genus Cucumis; cultivated from earliest times 
       for its cylindrical green fruit)

Super-classes Vine^c
MelonPlant^c

CucumberStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CucumberStuff`
Description	In Cyc called 'Cucumber-Foodstuff'. A substance consisting of multiple cucumbers or cucumbers sliced, ground, or otherwise prepared. `Cyc: Foodstuff derived from the fruit of the cucumber plant; for example, sliced cucumber in a salad.`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c Vegetable-Food^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Cucumber^c

Cuddling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuddling`
Description	''Cuddling'' is a prolonged ''Embracing'' in which a Person embraces another Person and maintains body contact over more than a few minutes. This is a subtype of ''PersistentState'' that continues for some interval of time. The Wordnet synsets include this but also seems to include nestling alone into a bed or hugging one'set animal. Those would have to be separate entries, though they share some of the same labels. For the type of 'embracing' that is done to cause sexual pleasure or arousal - even if minimal, as with teenagers - use the sibling type ''Necking''. CYC: Action where two creatures stay in physical contact because they like each other. Cuddling is comforting and expresses affection. Cuddling an animal would be a different subtype of ''Embracig''. This is not necessarily intended as a prelude to sexual activity. This cannot be done alone, so snuggling into a bed alone is not included. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'cuddle' in WordNet: 1. (2) cuddle, snuggle, nestle, nest, nuzzle, draw close - (move or arrange oneself in a comfortable and cozy position; 'We cuddled against each other to keep warm'; 'The children snuggled into their sleeping bags') 2. (1) cuddle - (hold (a person or thing) close, as for affection, comfort, or warmth; 'I cuddled the baby') WN noun 'snuggle': 1. cuddle, nestle, snuggle - (a close and affectionate (and often prolonged) embrace)
Super-classes	NonVerbalCommunicating^c Embracing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Person^c

Cue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cue`
Description	Each ''Cue'' is a ''Speaking'' represented by an ''ActorsLine'' that serves as a Signal to other actors to speak or do other things, such as enter or leave the stage. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cue' in WordNet: 1. cue - (an actor's line that immediately precedes and serves as a reminder for some action or speech)`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only Speaking^c

CueBall^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CueBall

Description

CYC: The collection of #$PoolBalls that the player strikes with his cue.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cue ball' in WordNet:
          1. cue ball - (the ball that the billiard player or pool player strikes with his cue)

Super-classes SportsEquipment^c
GameArtifact^c
BilliardBall^c

CueStick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CueStick`
Description	A ''CueStick'' is a 'Stick' that is used to strike the `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cue stick' in WordNet: 1. cue, cue stick, pool cue, pool stick - (sports implement consisting of a tapering rod used to strike a cue ball in pool or billiards)`
Super-classes	SportsEquipment^c GameArtifact^c Stick^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PoolGame^c

Cued^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cued`
Description	''Cued'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who was reminded of something (especially during a Performance of some kind) by being given a 'cue' ( a type of ''Reminder'').
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Cuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuff`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuff' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cuff, turnup - (the lap consisting of a turned-back hem encircling the end of the sleeve or leg)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c Flap^c FlexibleObject^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToSemiRigidly^op some (ClothingType^c or SleeveOfGarment^c or PantLeg^c or ClothingType^c or SleeveOfGarment^c or PantLeg^c) isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op some (ClothingType^c or SleeveOfGarment^c or PantLeg^c or ClothingType^c or SleeveOfGarment^c or PantLeg^c)

Cufflink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cufflink`
Description	CYC: The collection of cufflinks, a kind of decorative fastening device used to bind the cuffs of a shirt in a formal setting @ToDo: distinguish SleeveOfGarment shirt and pants? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cufflink' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cufflink - (jewelry consisting of one of a pair of linked buttons used to fasten the cuffs of a shirt)`
Super-classes	Fastener^c Jewelry^c ClothingAccessory^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op value Cuff^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Wrist^c

Cuisine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuisine`
Description	CYC: The collection of types of #$EdibleStuff that are commonly associated with a region, ethnic group, culture, etc. NOTE: neither WN nor RHW have an entry just for the foodstuff 'cuisine', only for the style of cooking.In COSMO this is classified as a subtype of ''Food'', and the manner of preparation is implied. The term 'culinary art' has to be interpreted as a style of Food, until a different Class is defined to represent the manner of food preparation. `RHW: 1. a style or quality of cooking; cookery: Italian cuisine; This restaurant has an excellent cuisine. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'cuisine' in WordNet: 1. cuisine, culinary art - (the practice or manner of preparing food or the food so prepared)`
Super-classes	Food^c
Sub-classes	VegetarianCuisine^c ChineseCuisine^c KosherFood^c HauteCuisine^c

Culinary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Culinary

Description

''Culinary'' is used mostly to refer to ''Cooking'' but also to any of the actions involved in a ''PreparingFoodItem'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'culinary' in Wordnet:
          1. culinary - (of or relating to or used in cooking)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CulinaryStyle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CulinaryStyle`
Description	This corresponds approximately to the sense of 'cuisine' in Wordnet; but in COSMO the term 'Cuisine' is used to refer to the food type produced by a distinctive style of cooking or preparing food. An Action and a Food item cannot be part of the same entity in COMO. 'French cooking is a popular style of cuisine'. `RHW: a style or quality of cooking; cookery: Italian cuisine; This restaurant has an excellent cuisine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuisine' in Wordnet: 1. cuisine, culinary art - (the practice or manner of preparing food or the food so prepared)`
Super-classes	PreparingFoodItem^c
Restrictions	produced^op some FoodObject^c produces^op value Cuisine^c

Culling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Culling`
Description	''Culling'' is the Action of `NOTE: this Action does not necessarily remove things that have been 'rejected' (as in the gloss), it could be used for ''Choosing'' and removing something desirable from a Group. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cull' in WordNet: 1. cull - (remove something that has been rejected; 'cull the sick members of the herd')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c Choosing^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value PhysicalObject^c hadObjectModified^op some (ObjectGroup^c or GroupType^c)

Culminating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Culminating`
Description	Each ''Culminating'' is an 'EndingOfAnEvent' in which some ''Outcome'' (a PersistentState) has its beginning. This formally means that the ''Outcome'' (State caused by a preceding Event) follows immediately on the preceding Event, with no time interval in between. The term 'culminate' is often used to suggest that the ''Outcome'' is also in some way the most ''Salient'' part of the preceding causative Event, but that part of the meaning is not yet formalized, and may need a subtype. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'culminate' in WordNet: 1. (8) culminate, climax - (end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage; 'The meeting culminated in a tearful embrace') WN noun 'culmination': 1. (3) apogee, culmination - (a final climactic stage; 'their achievements stand as a culmination of centuries of development')`
Super-classes	EndingOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	starts^op some Outcome^c

Cult^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cult

Description

The notion of a 'cult of personality' adhering to one specific Person can be included as a subtype.

       Members of a ''Cult'' might be ''Brainwashed' - but not necessarily.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cult' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) cult - (adherents of an exclusive system of religious beliefs and practices)

Super-classes BeliefGroup^c

CultivatedPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CultivatedPlant`
Description	Any plant (or mushroom) or collection of plants that are created by a 'Cultivation' Action, planted and helped to grow, by some 'IntentionalAgent'. A 'CultivatedPlant' must be planted by the agent doing the Cultivation, but it is not necessary for the plant(s) to be harvested, they can be useful while still sitting in the ground, such as decorative landscaping plants, and flowers in a garden.
Super-classes	(Plant^c or Fungus^c) BiologicalLivingObject^c
Sub-classes	CropPlant^c

Cultivation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cultivation`
Description	Any instance of Action, or repeated Actions, in which an agent first plants, and then feeds or waters a plant, or places it in some favorable situation, such as under growth lights or in a greenhouse. Cultivation will often take place outdoors, but not necessarily; growing house plants in pots is an instance of this type. The resulting grown plant (including mushrooms) is a 'CultivatedPlant'. Example 'we grow tomatoes in our back yard' Includes sense 1 of 'cultivate', noun sense 2 of 'cultivation', noun sense 1 of 'production', and part of verb sense 6 (the crop part) of 'produce' and verb senses 4 and 7 (plants, not animals) of 'grow' and sense 5 of 'raise' in WordNet: 1. (3) cultivate - (foster the growth of). WN 'production': 1. (229) production - ((economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; 'he introduced more efficient methods of production') WN 'produce': 6. (6) grow, raise, farm, produce - (cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; 'The Bordeaux region produces great red wines'; 'They produce good ham in Parma'; 'We grow wheat here'; 'We raise hogs here') WN 'grow': 4. (13) grow - (cause to grow or develop; 'He grows vegetables in his backyard') 7. (3) grow, raise, farm, produce - (cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; 'The Bordeaux region produces great red wines'; 'They produce good ham in Parma'; 'We grow wheat here'; 'We raise hogs here') WN noun 'cultivation': 2. (1) cultivation - ((agriculture) production of food by preparing the land to grow crops)
Super-classes	GrowingPlants^c Nurturing^c OutdoorActivity^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (CultivatedPlant^c or PlantType^c)
Sub-classes	RaisingCrops^c GrowingHousePlants^c Gardening^c

Cultivator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cultivator`
Description	A horse-drawn tool for cultivating the soil. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cultivator' in WordNet: 2. cultivator, tiller - (a farm implement used to break up the surface of the soil (for aeration and weed control and conservation of moisture))`
Super-classes	FarmDevice^c Tool^c AnimalPoweredDevice^c HexalateralObject^c
Sub-classes	Harrow^c

Cultural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cultural`
Description	This sense of ''Cultural'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the tastes or preferences of some GroupOfPeople with respect to arts, entertainment, or social manners. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cultural' in Wordnet: 1. (9) cultural - (of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors; 'cultural events'; 'a person of broad cultural interests')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bicultural^c TraditionalCultural^c

CulturalArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CulturalArtifact`
Description	Any artifact, physical or abstract, that is considered significant within a culture or some part of a culture. Sacred texts are examples of abstract artifacts significant to a religion. An example of a PhysicalObject would be a building (e.g. the Parthenon in Athens or St. Peter's in Rome) significant to a culture.
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c CulturalThing^c

CulturalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CulturalEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of events having something to do with some particular #$Culture-Practice. This includes museum displays, concerts, celebrations, etc. (each of which is a considered to be #$subEvents of the culture to which it belongs)
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c CulturalThing^c
Sub-classes	CulturalPractice^c EntertainmentEvent^c ProcessionEvent^c

CulturalPractice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CulturalPractice`
Description	A CulturalPractice is a Custom (a group of ''Action''s that can be a single type of Action) that involves more than one person in the activity, and is therefore a 'SocialOccurrence', and originated in some culture or is to some extent distinctive for a Culture. COSMO note: Culture is an aggregate of beliefs and practices. This concept represents the 'practices' part of a culture. Each CulturalPractice should be an Action representative of the behaviors distinctive to some Culture. CulturalPractices can be complex and include attitudes. But this Type will represent the practice, assuming that it reflects an attitude characteristic of the Culture. In Cyc called 'Culture-Practice': Cyc: A specialization of #$Action and #$SocialOccurrence each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by #$IntelligentAgents to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is #$HumanCulture, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by #$Extraterrestrials and/or AIs. See also #$CulturalEvent.
Super-classes	CulturalEvent^c Custom^c SocialOccurrence^c Tradition^c
Sub-classes	PrimogenitureTradition^c FolkDancing^c

CulturalTaste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CulturalTaste`
Description	''CulturalTaste'' is a subtype of ''Culture'' that describes the forms of ''Cutural'' events - entertainment and arts and behavior - that some Person(s) most enjoy or appreciate or prefer. `Coresponds to noun sense 2 of 'culture' in WordNet: 2. (12) culture - (the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group)`
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Custom^c

CulturalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CulturalThing`
Description	CYC: The collection of all temporal things, including activities, beliefs, and objects, that are either created or adopted by any culture that has them, and thus can distinguish one culture or set of cultures from another. NOTE: A CulturalThing does not have to be unique to a single culture, but to serve as a distinguishing feature, it should not be common to a majority of the cultures defined in the ontology. Some examples of 'CulturalThing' (From Otis Military Cultural Terms): 'Cultures have symbols that provide non-language in-group communication. This includes: body marking, wearing of symbolic art, fetishes, colors, geometric design, ground markings, and use of television and media for communication of in-group religious beliefs and practices are known. Poetry seems especially important as it is shorthand for other forms of written communication. Music is a powerful symbol of religious practice and carries messages far and above the actual words, rhythm, instrumentation, or tune.'
Super-classes	HeterogeneousCategory^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cultural^c
Sub-classes	CulturalTaste^c Custom^c SocialGathering^c Seafood^c Praying^c Paying^c AssociatingWithOtherPeople^c Worshipping^c KosherFood^c PerformingArtActivity^c Culture^c CulturalEvent^c KosherFoodObject^c AthleticActivity^c Dieting^c PoliticalEvent^c GameEvent^c GraveSite^c MixedCultures^c ArtActivity^c PersonalGrooming^c CulturalArtifact^c Ethos^c

Culturally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Culturally

Description

''Culturally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action or Adjective, specifying that the reference is to the''Cultural'' aspect.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'culturally' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) culturally - (with regard to a culture; 'culturally integrated')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Culture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Culture`
Description	A very broad concept: the sum of the beliefs and practices (including preferences in any form of behavior) and distinctive artifacts that distinguish the style of living of some human group. See also 'Subculture' and 'CulturalThing'. This can be represented as a Group of behaviors ('ways of living', 'customs', 'traditions') and/or Beliefs that distinguish the culture from others. NOTE: 'culture' as pertains to the kinds of entertainment, arts, or social behavior that some Person(s) most prefer is represented by the subtype ''CulturalTaste''. The definition for the sociological sense is adopted from the Random House Webster: RHW: (Anthropology) the sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings and transmitted from one generation to another. For COSMO, this includes not merely groups focused on some geographical area, but also groups who adopt sets of beliefs and practices for a particular purpose; therefore 'scientific culture' would be a specialization of this sense and could describe the ways scientists behave as scientists. An individual may participate in more than one culture. Artifacts are included in this sense, because it can be said that certain artifacts are part of a culture, even though the meaning may be phrased that creation or liking of such artifacts are part of the behavior associated with a Culture. NOTE that subgroups of a particular Culture may have their own subculture, such as 'TeenageCulture'. In the Yale HRAF, the term 'TOTAL CULTURE' appears to be used as the base category for comments about 'Culture', and is described thus: (TOTAL_CULTURE, code 180): Summary statements on the total culture as analyzed, interpreted, or described. The '180' categories are intended to include descriptive and interpretive materials which pertain to the entire culture or which override a number of more specific categories. Consequently much of the material pertinent to the individual topics below will be found only under other headings. Includes noun senses 3 and 6, and part of sense 1 of 'culture' in WordNet; (sense 1 appears to include the individuals adhering to a culture, but that sense is not included here): in WordNet: 1. (17) culture, civilization, civilisation - (a particular society at a particular time and place; 'early Mayan civilization') 3. (6) acculturation, culture - (all the knowledge and values shared by a society) 6. culture - (the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization; 'the developing drug culture'; 'the reason that the agency is doomed to inaction has something to do with the FBI culture')
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value CulturalPractice^c hasComponentElement^op some Custom^c
Sub-classes	Subculture^c AncestralCulture^c ReligiousCulture^c AgeCulture^c

Cumbersome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cumbersome

Description

''Cumbersome'' is the attribute of something that cannot be easily handled with the hands, due to weight or size or shape or lack of rigidity..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cumbersome' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) cumbersome, cumbrous - (difficult to handle or use especially 
            because of size or weight; 'a cumbersome piece of machinery';
            'cumbrous protective clothing')

Super-classes Unwieldy^c
Heavy^c

Cumin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cumin

Description

''Cumin'' is a ''Spice'' derived from the ''CuminPlant''. The WN gloss says 'seeds' but the spice used in cooking is usually the powdered seeds. Both can be considered as included here,but should be discriminated.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cumin' in WordNet:
           2. cumin, cumin seed - (aromatic seeds of the cumin herb of the carrot family)

Super-classes Seasoning^c
Spice^c

CuminPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuminPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cumin' in WordNet: 1. cumin, Cuminum cyminum - (dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c

CuminSeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuminSeed`
Description	A ''CuminSeed'' is one seed from the ''CuminPlant''. A large number of these is called 'cumin', as is the powder derived from these seeds. Both are referred to as ''Cumin'' in COSMO. `NOTE: the WN 'cumin seed' seems to refer to a bunch of individual ''CuminSeed''s, which is a substance. The individual seed is not represented in WN or RHW.`
Super-classes	Seed^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CuminPlant^c canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Cumin^c

Cummerbund^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cummerbund`
Description	CYC: The collection of all cummerbunds. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cummerbund' in WordNet: 1. cummerbund - (a broad pleated sash worn as formal dress with a tuxedo)`
Super-classes	Sash^c FormalWear^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Waist^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value TuxedoOutfit^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wide^c isSimilarTo^op value Belt-Clothing^c

Cumulative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cumulative

Description

''Cumulative'' is an attribute of a gradual process that produces an ''Accumulation'' or of the quantity of things that are prodced by the ''Accreting'' or ''AccumulatingSomething'' process.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cumulative' in Wordnet:
           1. (5) accumulative, cumulative - (increasing by successive addition;
              'the benefits are cumulative'; 'the eventual accumulative effect of these substances')

Super-classes Available^c

CumulativeEvidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CumulativeEvidence`
Description	A ''CumulativeEvidence'' is ''Evidence'' that includes more than one form or more than one observation or more than one 'study' , and whose strength in probability or confidence level (or one correlated set of observations) is greater than Evidence derived from only one observation. The strength of Evidence is commonly measured as a probability that is higher than what would be observed if the hypothesized phenomenon had no dependence on the hypothesized causal factor; multiple observations can reduce the likelihood that any apparent correlation is not significantly higher than one that would be observed by random chance. Studies of phenomena that have some degree of chance or multiple causal factors depend heavily on acquiring ''CumulativeEvidence'', as in large clinical trials or surveys of multiple independent tests. The components of ''CumulativeEvidence'' may include the calculations and specifications for the testing procedures, as well as the ''Evidence'' that is used to derive the conclusions.
Super-classes	Evidence^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cumulative^c hasComponentElement^op min 2

Cunnilingus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cunnilingus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cunnilingus' in WordNet: 1. cunnilingus, cunnilinctus - (oral stimulation of the vulva or clitoris)`
Super-classes	OralSex^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value FemaleExternalGenitalia^c usedBodyPart^op value Tongue^c

Cup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cup`
Description	A Cup is an open-top container (which may have a lid that rests on the top but is not fastened on) used used for holding beverages in a convenient form for drinking; it may or may not have a handle. The subtypes designed to hold a hot beverage (tea or coffee) will usually have a handle, though not always. A 'handle' may be foldable to lay near the surface of a cup, as in some disposable paper drinking cups (e'g. for coffee served at a fast-food joint) Cups may be made of glass, ceramic, waxed paper, plastic, or styrofoam, or any other sufficiently rigid material. Note that some cups may have a removable lid, which is not attached and removed while drinking. `SUMO: An open FluidContainer that is intended to serve a Beverage to a single person. Note that this class includes both cups with handles and drinking glasses. This corresponds to sense 3 of 'cup' in WordNet: 3. (79) cup - (a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle; 'he put the cup back in the saucer'; 'the handle of the cup was missing')`
Super-classes	DrinkingVessel^c
Sub-classes	Teacup^c

CupMeasure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CupMeasure

Description

English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Pint.

See also 'Cupful' as an approximate UnitOfMeasure, not the same as this which is
   a defined unit.

Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cup' in WordNet, but
      note the related sense 2 that is represented by the UOM 'Cupful'
 in WordNet:
   1. (771) cup - (a United States liquid unit equal to 8 fluid ounces)
WN For the approximate 'cup' see 'Cupful'
  2. (97) cup, cupful - (the quantity a cup will hold; 'he drank a cup of coffee';
      'he borrowed a cup of sugar')

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

Cupboard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cupboard

Description

This is not the movable piece of furniture nor is it the closet or pantry. This unit refers to kitchen cabinets, built into the kitchen, or medicine cabinets (which may be in a bathroom).

        NOTE: WordNet only has the more general sense, including
          rooms
       in WordNet:
         1. (2) cupboard, closet - (a small room (or recess)
            or cabinet used for storage space)

Super-classes PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c
Cabinet-StorageConstruction^c

Cupcake^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cupcake

Description

CYC: The collection of #$Cupcakes. These are small, muffin-shaped cakes baked in a special muffin pan. Usually, only the tops are frosted.

      Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'cupcake' in WordNet:
        1. cupcake - (small cake baked in a muffin tin)

Super-classes FingerFood^c
Cake^c

CuppedHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuppedHand`
Description	A ''CuppedHand'' is a ''Hand'' whose fingers have been curled. tightly inward and upward, and is held palm up, so as to hold some powder or liquid.. This is a Hand that is formed to make a makeshift 'cup', i.e. this is a Hand playing the Role of a ''Cup'.
Super-classes	Hand^c
Restrictions	isServingInTheRoleOf^op value Cup^c

Cuprite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuprite`
Description	One of the Mineral sources of element ''Copper''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuprite' in WordNet: 1. cuprite - (a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c MetalOre^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Copper^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Copper^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Oxygen^c

Curator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curator`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curator' in WordNet: 1. curator, conservator - (the custodian of a collection (as a museum or library))`
Super-classes	Custodian^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MaintainingAnExposition^c

Curb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curb`
Description	SUMO: A raised concrete or asphalt structure that connects a Sidewalk with a Roadway. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curb' in Wordnet: 1. (5) curb, curbing, kerb - (an edge between a sidewalk and a roadway consisting of a line of curbstones (usually forming part of a gutter))`
Super-classes	EdgeOnObject^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some Roadway^c isAdjacentTo^op some Sidewalk^c

Curd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curd`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curd' in WordNet: 1. curd - (a coagulated liquid resembling milk curd; 'bean curd'; 'lemon curd')`
Super-classes	FoodProduct^c
Sub-classes	Tofu^c

Curdling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curdling`
Description	''Curdling'' is a 'Clumping'' Event in which a ''LiquidObject'' (a quantity of ''LiquidSubstance'') forms solid particles, which may constitute a small part of the total volume, or (as in ''BloodCoagulation'') make the entire volume solid. This is oonsidered an ''Action'' performed by the LiquidSubstance, by internal physical-chemical mechanisms, possibly assisted by external influences such as churning (e.g. butter) or heating, or adding something (an acid, e.g.). Similar type is 'Clotting'' - other than the use for Blood, doesn't seemsto be much difference. transitive/intransitive not yet clearly differentiated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curdling' and includes verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'curdle' and verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'clot' in WordNet: 1. (1) curdling, clotting, coagulation - (the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid) WN verb 'curdle'; 1. curdle, clabber, clot - (turn into curds; 'curdled milk') 2. curdle - (go bad or sour; 'The milk curdled') 3. curdle - (turn from a liquid to a solid mass; 'his blood curdled') WN verb 'clot'; 3. curdle, clabber, clot - (turn into curds; 'curdled milk')
Super-classes	Clumping^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some LiquidObjectType^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Lumpy^c
Sub-classes	MilkCurdling^c

Curfew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curfew`
Description	A ''Curfew'' is a Decree establishing a TimeInterval during which some ''HumanActivity'' must be suspended. This is commonly an overnight interval, but may be longer. a ''Curfew'' may recur daily for some period of time. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'curfew' in WordNet: 3. curfew - (an order that after a specific time certain activities (as being outside on the streets) are prohibited)`
Super-classes	Decree^c Prohibition^c
Restrictions	hasStartingTimePoint^op value CurfewTime^c isaLimitationOnActionOrRight^op some HumanActivity^c

CurfewTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurfewTime`
Description	This ''CurfewTime'' is the ''TimePoint'' at which the activiies prohibited by a ''Curfew'' must be discontinued until the end of the curfew period.
Super-classes	Deadline^c

CuringAnAilment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuringAnAilment`
Description	A ''CuringAnAilment'' is a type of ''RelievingAnAilment'' in which some ''AilmentCondition'' is cured by eliminating the underlying cause. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'cure' in WordNet: 1. (14) bring around, cure, heal - (provide a cure for, make healthy again; 'The treatment cured the boy's acne'; 'The quack pretended to heal patients but never managed to')`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c RelievingAnAilment^c Eliminating^c
Restrictions	removes^op some PhysiologicalConditionType^c hadReducedEntity^op some AilmentCondition^c causes^op some HealingEvent^c

CuringEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuringEvent`
Description	An Event in which some medical treatment results in the curing of a disease state; this is an Action, and will be represented by a transitive sense of a verb. Some disease states may end without treatment, but to be a 'CuringEvent' it is necessary that some AilmentCondition be terminated by the CuringEvent. The restriction requires that the AilmentCondition that is cured must be specified. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cure' in WordNet: 1. (14) bring around, cure, heal - - (provide a cure for, make healthy again; 'The treatment cured the boy's acne'; 'The quack pretended to heal patients but never managed to')`
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op some AilmentCondition^c caused^op some HealingEvent^c

Curio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curio`
Description	A ''Curio'' is a 'PhysicalObject' that is not Common, i.e. significantly fewer than half of people have one. It is usually of a size that can be lifted by one person, and typically is a small item ('SmallObject'), that can be held on one hand. `Anything collected because of the interest of the collector. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curio' in WordNet: 1. (2) curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, peculiarity, rarity - (something unusual - perhaps worthy of collecting)`
Super-classes	PersonalPossession^c UnusualThing^c PortableObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unusual^c
Sub-classes	Collectible^c

Curiosity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curiosity`
Description	CYC: The collection of feelings of intellectual interest, desire to know (more), to understand (more about) a thing. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'curiosity' in WordNet: 1. (19) curiosity, wonder - (a state in which you want to learn more about something)`
Super-classes	Interest^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op value LearningAboutaTopic^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Curious^c mayCause^op some (Exploring^c or LearningAboutaTopic^c or InformationGathering^c) isDirectedToward^op some Topic^c

Curious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curious`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Curiosity'', and as a consequence acts so as to acquire information about something - whether by exploring some place, or by reading, or by inquiring. This AttributeValue attributes both a Feeling and a Behavior to an Animal. @NOTE this could also be a PersonTrait - term?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curious' in Wordnet: 2. (13) curious - (eager to investigate and learn or learn more (sometimes about others' concerns); 'a curious child is a teacher's delight'; 'a trap door that made me curious'; 'curious investigators'; 'traffic was slowed by curious rubberneckers'; 'curious about the neighbor's doings') 3. curious - (having curiosity aroused; eagerly interested in learning more; 'a trap door that made me curious')
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Inquisitive^c OpenMinded^c

Curiously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curiously

Description

''Curiously'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that they were preformed because of or with 'curiosity'.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'curiously' in WordNet:
        2. (2) curiously, inquisitively, interrogatively - 
           (with curiosity; 'the baby looked around curiously')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Curium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curium

Description

The element ''Curium''. NOTE the CYC gloss has this as an Object, but COSMO usage differs for substances.

       CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is
        a RadioactiveObject of #$Curium; typically, these will be
        tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curium' in WordNet:
          1. curium, Cm, atomic number 96 - 
              (a radioactive transuranic metallic element;
              produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Curl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curl`
Description	One or a cluster of spiral strands of hair. This corresponds to sense 12 in Random House Webster: 12, a coil or ringlet of hair. A 'curl' that consists of multiple strands of curled hair is a 'Ringlet'. `Should the plural be separate? This sense appears to be only part of sense 3 in WordNet, though the documentation for that sense does not reference the curly nature of that hair. in WordNet: 3. lock, curl, ringlet, whorl - (a strand or cluster of hair)`
Super-classes	HumanHairObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Curly^c

Curling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curling`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curling' in WordNet: 1. curling - (a game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target)`
Super-classes	Game^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value CurlingGame^c

CurlingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurlingEvent`
Description	An Event in which someone curls hair to create 'Curl's (curled hair). `Often uses ''HairRoller''s (or a curling iron). Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'curl' in WordNet: 4. (1) curl, wave - (twist or roll into coils or ringlets; 'curl my hair, please')`
Super-classes	HairCare^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Curl^c mayUseInstrument^op value HairRoller^c

CurlingGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurlingGame`
Description	The GameEvent, distinguished from 'Curling' the specification for the game. No such distinction is made in WN.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curling' in WordNet: 1. curling - (a game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target)`
Super-classes	SportsEvent^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value CurlingStone^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Curling^c

CurlingStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurlingStone`
Description	A ''StoneArtifact'' is any ArtifactObject made of ''Stone'. `RHW 'curling stone': a large, heavy, ellipsoidal stone or a similar object made of iron, usually having one rough side and one smooth side with a hole in the center of each for screwing in a handle by which the stone is released, for use in the game of curling.`
Super-classes	StoneArtifact^c GameArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CurlingGame^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Stone^c hasComponentPart^op exactly 1

Curly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curly`
Description	''Curly'' is a specialization of ''Spiral'' used to describe hair (usually a HumanHairObject') that has multiple ''Spirals'' set together in a tubular form, and may have multiple sets of such sets of spirals. This can therefore refer to a single 'curl'' of hair, or of a whole head of hair with prominent curls. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'curly' in WordNet: 1. (2) curly - ((of hair) having curls or waves; 'they envied her naturally curly hair')`
Super-classes	Helical^c Spiral^c
Sub-classes	Frizzy^c

Curmudgeon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curmudgeon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curmudgeon' in WordNet: 1. curmudgeon - (a crusty irascible cantankerous old person full of stubborn ideas)`
Super-classes	OldHuman^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hotheaded^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Curmudgeonly^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stubborn^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornery^c

Curmudgeonly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curmudgeonly

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'curmudgeonly' in Wordnet:
          1. crusty, curmudgeonly, gruff, ill-humored, ill-humoured -
            (brusque and surly and forbidding; "crusty remarks"; "a crusty old man"; 
            "his curmudgeonly temper"; "gruff manner"; "a gruff reply")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Currant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Currant`
Description	A ''Currant'' is a small Berry borne by the ''CurrantBush''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'currant' in WordNet: 1. (1) currant - (any of several tart red or black berries used primarily for jellies and jams)`
Super-classes	Berry^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value CurrantBush^c

CurrantBush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurrantBush`
Description	In CYC labeled ''Currant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'currant' in WordNet: 2. currant, currant bush - (any of various deciduous shrubs of the genus Ribes bearing currants)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c Bush^c
Restrictions	bearsFruitType^op value Currant^c

CurrencyBill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurrencyBill`
Description	A CurrencyBill is a paper-like CurrencyObject valid as tender in some governmental jurisdiction. It is typically oblong and of high-quality paper like linen, and may have special objects woven into the paper, as a counterfeiting preventive measure. In Cyc called 'Bill-Currency': cyc: A specialization of #$Currency. Each instance of this collection is an object, generally made of paper (sometimes plastic) used to transfer a quantity of #$Money between #$Agents. The piece of paper iteself is of little value, but the bill has the value it does because, due to governmental and societal agreement, it can be exchanged for objects or services. It is often engraved (see #$Engraving-Print) with a watermark in order to forestall counterfeiting. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bill' in WordNet: 3. (105) bill, note, government note, bank bill, banker's bill, bank note, banknote, Federal Reserve note, greenback - (a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank); 'he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes')
Super-classes	SheetOfPaper^c Certificate^c Paper-IBO^c CurrencyObject^c SheetArtifact^c SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	FederalReserveNote^c FiveDollarBill^c OneDollarBill^c

CurrencyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurrencyObject`
Description	Coins and bills of any denomination from any country In Cyc called 'Currency'. this must be government issued. 'BitCoin' and similar digital 'currency' are not included. Cyc: A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$Currency is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used as a means of transferring a quantity of #$Money (q.v.) between some instances of #$Agent. Instances of #$Currency may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of #$Currency are typically backed by and issued by national governments. In COSMO, 'Money' is generic and can be used in the collective sense; but its subtype 'CurrencyObject' is a type whose instances are individual PhysicalObjects. CurrencyObjects are often referred to as 'money'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal tender' in WordNet: 1. tender, legal tender - (something used as an official medium of payment)
Super-classes	LiquidAsset^c QuantityOfMoney^c TenderObject^c TextualMaterial^c
Sub-classes	CurrencyBill^c Coin^c

CurrencyUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurrencyUnit`
Description	Includes all official standard measures of monetary value, including UnitedStatesDollar, UnitedStatesCent, Lire, Yen, Euro, etc. Divisions of a currency seems to behave much as the base unit, so for now (rev1043) we leave 'UnitedStatesCent' as an instance. Maybe distinguish? This is a UnitOfMeasure. A MoneyObject will have a value that is a MoneyMeasure. This aligns with FIBO 'currency': This class may be augmented with actual currency code information as specified in ISO 4217 in a subsequent release of this ontology. (skos:definition)medium of exchange value, defined by reference to the geographical location of the authorities responsible for it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'currency' in WordNet, but the WN sense seems to be for the actual physical embodiments ('cash') rather than the abstract unit: in WordNet: 1. (1) currency - (the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used)
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Sub-classes	Rupee^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesDollar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanadianDollar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BritishShilling http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EuroDollar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dollarsCanadian http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JapaneseYen http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Euro http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BritishPound http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#cents http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesCent http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EuroCent http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dollar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#centsUS

CurrentAdapter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurrentAdapter`
Description	A ''CurrentAdapter'' is a ''CurrentConverter'' that changes is used to convert AC current (115 or 140) to DC of a lower voltage to power electrical or electronic devices, or to charge their batteries. `Corresponds to part (for ElectronicDevice adapters) of noun sense 2 of 'adapter' in WordNet: 2. adapter, adaptor - (device that enables something to be used in a way different from that for which it was intended or makes different pieces of apparatus compatible)`
Super-classes	CurrentConverter^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value ElectronicDevice^c

CurrentConverter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurrentConverter`
Description	A ''CurrentConverter'' is an ''ElectricalComponent'' that changes either the voltage of a current or the type from AC to DC or vice-versa, or both. `NOTE: other types of adapters not included here would be devices that adapt tubes of one diameter to tubes of another diameter, or in general connectors that change the size or shape or other attribute of Devices that can connect to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convertor' in WordNet: 1. converter, convertor - (a device for changing one substance or form or state into another)`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value AdaptingCurrent^c
Sub-classes	CurrentAdapter^c Transformer-Electric^c

CurrentTransmittingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurrentTransmittingDevice`
Description	A Device designed to transmit electrical current from one part of a circuit to another. It may also have other functions. `A current transmitter is a form of 'Path' - for power.`
Super-classes	PowerTransmittingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some ConductiveObject^c
Sub-classes	WiringSystem^c PowerLine^c

CurrentlyOperative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurrentlyOperative

Description

''CurrentlyOperative'' is a broad ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that has some overlap with 'Modern'' in the sense that it is not expired or out of date, but is applied to actions or procedures or usages or assumptions ('operating assumption') that 'currently' are considered appropriate to guide some activity or belief. It does not apply to the validity of documents or laws (for that sense use ''Valid'' and its opposite ''Invalid'' or ''Expired'').

     Unlike ''Modern'' this does not apply to artifacts,or cultural behaviors (it is not a 'norm')
     and is not disparagingly contrasted with
     'old-fashioned' or 'out of date' but may be contrasted with ''Deprecated'' for
     ideas or other usages that are no longer considered valid, appropriate, or optimal.

     Includes part of adjective sense 2 of 'operating' and part of senses 1 and 2 of 'approved' in WordNet:
       2. operational, in operation, operating - (being in effect or operation;
       'de facto apartheid is still operational even in the 'new' African nations'- Leslie Marmon Silko; 
       'bus service is in operation during the emergency'; 'the company had several operating divisions')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Curricular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curricular`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'curricular' in Wordnet: 1. (1) curricular - (of or relating to an academic course of study)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Curry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curry`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curry' in WordNet: 1. curry - ((East Indian cookery) a pungent dish of vegetables or meats flavored with curry powder and usually eaten with rice)`
Super-classes	DishOfFood^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value CurryPowder^c

CurryPowder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurryPowder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curry powder' in WordNet: 1. curry powder - (pungent blend of cumin and ground coriander seed and turmeric and other spices)`
Super-classes	Spice^c Seasoning^c

CurryingFavor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurryingFavor`
Description	''CurryingFavor'' is a form of ''Flattering'', with the intention of gaining benefit from a Person able to be helpful. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curry favor' in WordNet: 1. curry favor, curry favour, court favor, court favour - (seek favor by fawning or flattery; "This employee is currying favor with his superordinates")`
Super-classes	FlatteringAction^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Excessive^c produced^op some Adulation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Humiliating^c

Curse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curse`
Description	A ''Curse'' is the ''LinguisticAssertion'' produced in the act of ''UtteringaCurse''. This is not just profanity,it is part of producing a magic ''Jinx''. `NOTE that a 'hex' or 'jinx' is a state, not a ''LinguisticAssertion''. NOTE that a ''CurseWord' is different from this kind of ''Curse''. Corresponds to part (for 'curse') of noun sense 3 of 'curse' in WordNet: 3. (1) hex, jinx, curse, whammy - (an evil spell; 'a witch put a curse on his whole family'; 'he put the whammy on me')`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value UtteringaCurse^c

CurseWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurseWord`
Description	A Word that is considered profane or obscene. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (5) curse, curse word, expletive, oath, swearing, swearword, cuss - (profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger; 'expletives were deleted')`
Super-classes	Word^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Profanity^c

Curser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curser`
Description	A ''Curser'' is a ''Person'' who has uttered, is uttering, or habitually utters a ''CurseWord''. `No WN sense`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CursingAtSomeone^c

Cursing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cursing`
Description	Uttering curse words; swearing, either just in anger or frustration, or at some object or person The more specific cursing directly at a person is represented as a subtype, 'CursingAtSomeone', corresponding to sense 3 in WordNet. `NOTE: for 'putting a curse' on someone use ''UtteringaCurse''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'curse' and sense 1 of 'swear' in WordNet: 1. (17) curse, cuss, blaspheme, swear, imprecate - (utter obscenities or profanities; 'The drunken men were cursing loudly in the street')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value VulgarSpeech^c causedCreationOf^op some CurseWord^c
Sub-classes	CursingAtSomeone^c

CursingAtSomeone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CursingAtSomeone

Description

Uttering curse words directed in anger at some person.

    This is a transitive verb action - the parent 'Cursing' is inransitive.

    Corresponds to sense 3 of 'curse' in WordNet:
       2. (10) curse - (heap obscenities upon;
         'The taxi driver who felt he didn't get a high enough tip cursed the passenger')

Super-classes Cursing^c

CursiveStyleOfWriting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CursiveStyleOfWriting`
Description	Being in the cursive style of writing for the different writing systems
Super-classes	Handwritten^c

Curtain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curtain`
Description	A Sheet of flexible material - usually fabric,but includes plastic shower curtains - used to keep light from passing through some plane of space, and/or for decoration. It can be opaque or translucent. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'curtain' in RHW: 1. a hanging piece of fabric used to shut out the light from a window, adorn a room, increase privacy, etc. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'curtain' in Wordnet: 1. (6) curtain, drape, drapery, mantle, pall - (hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window))`
Super-classes	FlexibleObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	WindowCurtain^c ShowerCurtain^c

Curve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curve`
Description	A Shape that is long and thin, but not straight, including abstract entities and their physical representations or embodiments. Not necessarily a ''Line''. NOTE: to specify a curve by listing a number of points on the curve requires that some interpolation algorithm be defined to calculate the points on the curve that are not in the list. In general, the interpolation method may vary from segment to segment on a Curve. There are a number of different interpolation methods, among which are those listed in the OGC 'Geographic Markup Language' (see: http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=20509): 10.4.7.3 CurveInterpolationType (simpleType name='CurveInterpolationType') (restriction base='string') enumeration value='linear' enumeration value='geodesic' enumeration value='circularArc3Points' enumeration value='circularArc2PointWithBulge' enumeration value='circularArcCenterPointWithRadius' enumeration value='elliptical' enumeration value='clothoid' enumeration value='conic' enumeration value='polynomialSpline' enumeration value='cubicSpline' enumeration value='rationalSpline' (end restriction) (end simpleType) @ToDo: this type should have relations pointing to the interpolation methods used to describe the intermediate points of a curve. Perhaps define a 'PointInterpolatedCurve' subtype?? This corresponds to sense 1 of 'curve' in WordNet: curve, curved shape - (the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes)
Super-classes	TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c ShapedThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Curved^c
Sub-classes	Arc^c SpiralObject^c Semicircle^c

CurveBall^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurveBall

Description

A ''CurveBall'' is a ''BaseballPitch'' event in which the ball traverses a line that is not simply curved downward from gravity, as all pitches are, but also moves to some extent in a sidewards direction (left or right) as it approaches the 'home plate', making it harder for the hitter to determine its likely position..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curve ball' in WordNet:
          1. curve, curve ball, breaking ball, bender - (a pitch of a baseball 
             that is thrown with spin so that its path curves as it approach the batter)

Super-classes BaseballPitch^c

CurveInaRoad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurveInaRoad`
Description	A part of road that is curved.
Super-classes	CurvedObject^c Roadway^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Roadway^c
Sub-classes	HairpinTurn^c

Curved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Curved`
Description	Being LongAndThin, but not straight. The curved surface of a solid like a sphere is not included in this type. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 in Wordnet: 1. (5) curved, curving - (having or marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend; 'the curved tusks of a walrus'; 'his curved lips suggested a smile but his eyes were hard')`
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c LongAndThin^c
Sub-classes	Wavy^c CrescentShaped^c Rounded^c Hooked^c SharplyCurved^c Recessed^c Winding^c U-Shaped^c

CurvedBirdBill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurvedBirdBill`
Description	A ''BirdBill'' that is ''Curved'' so that the end distal from the head points downward when the Bird is standing upright.
Super-classes	BirdBill^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Curved^c

CurvedBlade^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurvedBlade

Description

A ''CurvedBlade'' is a ''Blade'' that is curved rather than straight, usually forming an arc that is less than half a circle.

      Found in a scythe, sickle, or scimitar or carpet knife.

     Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 9 of 'blade' (used
        for cutting) in WordNet:
       9. blade - (the flat part of a tool or weapon that (usually)
         has a cutting edge)

Super-classes Blade^c

CurvedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CurvedObject`
Description	An object that is long and thing, but not #$Straight. A curved road and a DraperyHook are included. `The closest WordNet sense is sense 1 of 'curve': in WordNet: 1. (20) curve, curved shape - (the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes) 2. (10) curve - (a line on a graph representing data) 4. curvature, curve - (the property possessed by the curving of a line or surface) 5. bend, curve - (curved segment (of a road or river or railroad track etc.))`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Curved^c
Sub-classes	U-ShapedObject^c ClosedLoopObject^c Anchor^c SafetyPin^c HairPin^c Hook^c Boomerang^c CurveInaRoad^c

Cushion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cushion`
Description	A soft, stuffed Artifact to support some part of the body while one is sleeping or relaxing. Typically a bag-like object with a fabric surface. `Approximately the same as CYC: 'Cushion-PartOfFurniture', but it can be stand-alone, not just a part of furniture. The 'padding'is solid, so an air mattress would not be an instance (@ToDO - how to handle?- add air to ''Padding'' in restriction?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cushion' in Wordnet: 2. cushion - (a soft bag filled with air or a mass of padding such as feathers or foam rubber etc.)`
Super-classes	ContainerAndContents^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c SpongyObject^c DurableGood^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c isDesignedToSupport^op value AnimalBodyPart^c enablesOrAssists^op value Resting-RelaxingEvent^c surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fabric^c hasContents^op value Padding^c hasContainer^op value Bag^c
Sub-classes	Pillow^c SeatCushion^c Hassock^c Mattress^c

Cushioning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cushioning`
Description	''Cushioning'' is the act of adding (by ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'') a ''Cushion'' of some kind to the surface of a "HardObject" to make the surface softer, for any purpose. This can be adding a 'seat cushion' to a seat to make sitting more comfortable, or adding 'padding' to an object being shipped to reduce the likelihood of damage, or adding 'padding' to the walls of a cell to keep an inmate from harming her/himself, or to cushion a floor to make it less likely to break objects that fall, or any other purpose. So this is a very general but literal sense of 'cushioning'. `Corresponds to the literal part of verb sense 1 of 'cushion' in WordNet: 1. (2) cushion, buffer, soften - (protect from impact; 'cushion the blow')`
Super-classes	AddingEvent^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value SurfaceOfaHardObject^c hadAddedObject^op value Cushion^c hadThingTransferred^op value Cushion^c

Custard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Custard`
Description	A sweet dessert made with milk and eggs. Custard usually has a thick, smooth consistency. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'custard' in WordNet: 1. custard - (sweetened mixture of milk and eggs baked or boiled or frozen)`
Super-classes	FoodConcoction^c DessertSubstance^c SweetTastingSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Egg-Foodstuff^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Milk^c

Custodian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Custodian`
Description	A ''Custodian'' is a ''Guardian' of some form of ''Property''(which cannot be a Person), as contrasted with other 'guardians' who are in charge with protecting other people (such as a ''ChildGuardian''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'custodian' in WordNet: 1. (1) custodian, keeper, steward - (one having charge of buildings or grounds or animals)`
Super-classes	Guardian^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GuardingProperty^c
Sub-classes	Curator^c Caretaker^c

Custody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Custody`
Description	''Custody'' is a ''Keeping'' of a Person by the police or some other governmental authority. `Includes transitive and intransitive senses of noun sense 1 of 'custody' in WordNet: 1. (1) detention, detainment, hold, custody - (a state of being confined (usually for a short time); 'his detention was politically motivated'; 'the prisoner is on hold'; 'he is in the custody of police') 2. custody - (holding by the police; 'the suspect is in custody')`
Super-classes	InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent^c Keeping^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Confining^c hadAffectedPerson^op some Captive^c

Custom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Custom`
Description	A Custom is a GroupPractice that is practiced frequently or at certain intervals within a GroupOfPeople. It may be performed by an Individual person or by more than one person. A Custom does not have to be practiced frequently by an individual - for example, the Custom of having a big celebration at one's 60th birthday will only be observed once for an individual, though it may occur frequently within a GroupOfPeople. The Custom of bedtime prayers may be preacticed alone by an individual within certain religious groups. Some ''Custom''s are specific to certain ''Culture''s. `A'customary' or traditional practice specific to one individual should be classified as a ''Habit''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'custom' in WordNet: 1. (4) custom, usage, usance - (accepted or habitual practice) 2. (3) custom, tradition - (a specific practice of long standing)`
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c GroupPractice^c
Sub-classes	SocialInstitution^c CulturalPractice^c Tradition^c Heritage^c Ritual^c

Custom-Made^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Custom-Made

Description

COSMO: an attribute, not an Object.

    Cyc:  The collection of all things which are unique and
        made for one customer, possibly according to that
        customer's specifications; made to order.  Instances
        include tailored clothes, suspension bridges, skyscrapers,
        and some meals.  Tract houses, manufactured houses, and
        (most) mobile homes are not instances of this collection,
        although

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'custom-made' in Wordnet:
           1. custom-made, customized, custom, customised - (made according to
               the specifications of an individual)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
PastParticiple^c

Custom-MadeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Custom-MadeObject`
Description	COSMO note: In cyc, named 'Custom-Made'. `Cyc: The collection of all things which are unique and made for one customer, possibly according to that customer's specifications; made to order. Instances include tailored clothes, suspension bridges, skyscrapers, and some meals. Tract houses, manufactured houses, and (most) mobile homes are not instances of this collection, although`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Custom-Made^c
Sub-classes	Monument^c

CustomType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CustomType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that refer to ''Custom''s by their type label.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	HolyMatrimony Idolatry BeautyPageant ReligiousSeason BarMitzvah Ceremony CommemorationEvent HannukahObservance Rite Baptism SacrificingToaDeity BlessingEvent Sacrament Heritage Banquet Ritual ReligiousRitual Immolating SocialRitual Hallelujah CulturalPractice FundraisingEvent MuslimPrayer Lent PraisingGod DinnerParty TraditionalNorm WeddingCeremony InitiationRitual Vigil Custom WakeForaCorpse HolyEucharist BirthdayCelebration PresentingAnAward HolyCommunion SayingTheRosary SocialInstitution Pageant RiteOfPassage Funeral IntermentRite Anointing OfferingSomethingToaDeity GraduationCeremony Liturgy FormalCeremony PrimogenitureTradition Penance ChurchService Tradition ReligiousCeremony

CustomarySystemOfLinks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CustomarySystemOfLinks`
Description	A specialization of #$SpatialThing-Localized. Each instance of #$CustomarySystemOfLinks is a customary or conventional network system consisting of interconnected links (instances of #$Path-Customary) and nodes of obvious types, where the elements of the system (i.e., the points, nodes, and links of the system) can be assumed without specifying them as sets (note that this is in contrast to instances of #$PathSystem, in which the sets of point, nodes, links, and loops (if any) have to be specified for the system). Instances of #$CustomarySystemOfLinks include pipe systems, road systems, vascular systems, wiring systems, and mechanical linkages. The links of any #$CustomarySystemOfLinks are assumed to share certain characteristics. For example, in a road system, pipes are not links, nor are streetlights, road paint, or other non-roadways; only the roadways forming the road system are links in that system. Moreover, what constitutes a #$JunctionOfPaths (q.v.) or #$pathTerminus (q.v.) in the system should be obvious from the system type. The links are related to the assumed system by #$linksOfCustomarySystem (q.v.)
Super-classes	SpatialThing-Localized^c
Sub-classes	PathArtifactSystem^c PipingSystem-Generic^c

Customer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Customer`
Description	A 'Customer' is an agent that buys something - goods or services - from a Business, or performs some transaction that is not a ''Buying'' but is performed by those to whom a business addresses its services. This includes individuals, groups, organizations - any IntelligentAgent. `@ToDo: This type implies a vendor: not yet (r975) specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'customer' in WordNet, but note that the Wordnet documentation does not anticipate organizations as customers, and the Wordnet sense is interpreted broadly to include such agents. in WordNet: 1. (25) customer, client - (someone who pays for goods or services)`
Super-classes	Buyer^c Beneficiary^c
Restrictions	wasaCustomerOf^op some LegalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Taker^c

Customers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Customers`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clientele' in WordNet: 1. (1) clientele, patronage, business - (customers collectively; 'they have an upper class clientele')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Customer^c

Customizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Customizing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'customize' in WordNet: 1. custom-make, customize, customise, tailor-make - (make to specifications; 'I had this desk custom-made for me')`
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Custom-Made^c

Cut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cut`
Description	A ''Cut'' is a 'Wound'' caused by ''CuttingSomething'' in which the 'something' is the Skin of an animal, in which has some part has been separated along some line of any length (greater than 1 mm and less than the whole body). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cut' in WordNet: 2. (130) cut, gash, slash, slice - (a wound made by cutting; 'he put a bandage over the cut')`
Super-classes	Wound^c Separation^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CuttingTheSkin^c isLocatedAt^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Laceration^c Incision^c StabWound^c

CutFlower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CutFlower`
Description	A CutFlower is a part of a FloweringPlant that has been severed from the living plant, and that contains a Flower on it. It usually contains part of the stem of the flower as well, but even if all of the stem has been removed, it still is an instance of this 'CutFlower' type. WN has no entry for this concept. NOTE: Cyc has 'CutFlower' as a subtype of 'decoration', but in COSMO that is not necessarily true, as a flower may be cut to derive substances from it (such as perfume). For one decoration sense see 'FloralArrangement'. NOTE also that Cyc permits they type 'CutFlower' to include plant parts that are not true flowers - in COSMO only true flowers are included, and this usage differs. Cyc: Instances are pieces of vegetation, often consisting of a #$Flower-BotanicalPart and part of the stem, which are typically placed in water in combination with a variety of other #$CutFlowers and used as decoration in homes, offices and other places people hang out. Not every instance of #$CutFlower includes a single flower - some include multiple inflorescences, such as 'babies' breath'. Some include no flowers at all, such as cuttings of willow or greenery.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value FloweringPlant^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op value FloweringPlant^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Flower^c
Sub-classes	Daisy^c Chrysanthemum^c Pansy^c Violet^c Tulip^c Aster^c Carnation^c

CutOfMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CutOfMeat`
Description	A ''CutOfMeat'' is a ''MeatObject'' produced by ''CuttingMeat'', whether after cooking or before (as is done by a ''Butcher''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cut of meat' in WordNet: 1. cut, cut of meat - (a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass)`
Super-classes	MeatObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CuttingMeat^c
Sub-classes	LoinCut^c

Cute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cute

Description

'Cute' (is a form of ''Appealing'' often used of children and animals who are not trying cosciously to be Appealing.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cute' in WordNet:
       1. (1) cunning, cute - (attractive especially by means 
          of smallness or prettiness or quaintness; 'a cute kid with pigtails';
          'a cute little apartment'; 'cunning kittens'; 'a cunning baby')

Super-classes Attractive^c
Appealing^c

Cutlet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cutlet`
Description	A ''Cutlet'' is a ''SliceOfMeat'' that is from animal muscle, not processed like hamburer or a sausage. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutlet' in WordNet: 1. cutlet, scallop, scollop, escallop - (thin slice of meat (especially veal) usually fried or broiled)`
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c SliceOfMeat^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Meat^c

CutoffValve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CutoffValve`
Description	A ''CutoffValve'' is a ''Valve'' in a Pipe that is used mostly to allow flow or to stop flow in the valve, rather than controlling the flow in increments, as a ''Faucet'' does. In effect, it is like an ''On-OffSwitch'' for the flow of fluids in a ''Pipe''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cutoff' in WordNet: 3. cutoff - (a device that terminates the flow in a pipe)`
Super-classes	FlowRegulator^c Device^c Valve^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Pipe^c controls^op value FluidFlowEvent^c

Cutter-NavalWatercraft^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cutter-NavalWatercraft

Description

CYC: The collection of military cutters.

    RHW: 4.  Also called revenue cutter. a lightly armed government vessel
          used to prevent smuggling and enforce the customs regulations.

Super-classes ModernNavalShip^c

Cutthroat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cutthroat

Description

'Cutthroat' is an AttributeValue of a Person that has a high degree of competitiveness. This attribute may apply only for a short time or in a specific situation, as during a competition. However, it may also be used to characterize an animal's (or person's) habitual mode of behavior in some types of situation.

  This corresponds only to adjective sense 3 of 'fierce' in WordNet,
     regarding competitiveness:
  in WordNet:
    3. (1) cutthroat, fierce, bowelless - (ruthless in competition;
      'cutthroat competition'; 'bowelless readiness to take advantage')

Super-classes Competitive^c

CutthroatTrout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CutthroatTrout`
Description	`RHW: a spotted trout, Salmo clarkii, of coastal streams of western North America, having a reddish streak on each side of the throat.`
Super-classes	Trout^c

Cutting-edge^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cutting-edge

Description

Something ''LatestFashioned'' is an attribute of things such as clothing that have different 'styles' varying for time to time.

       Corresponds to *part* (for devices and procedures) of 
                   adjective sense 1 of 'cutting-edge' in Wordnet:
         1. up-to-date, cutting-edge, with-it - (in accord with the most fashionable
            ideas or style; 'wears only the latest style'; 'the last thing in swimwear'; 
            'cutting-edge technology'; 'a with-it boutique')

Super-classes Advanced-Modern^c
Up-to-date^c
NewFangled^c

CuttingBackAnActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingBackAnActivity`
Description	''CuttingBackAnActivity'' is an Action taken to reduce the number or frequency of some ''PurposefulAction'' that is being performed by an ''IntelligentAgent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutback' in WordNet: 1. cutback - (a reduction in quantity or rate) WN verb 'cut back': 2. (1) reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down - (cut down on; make a reduction in; 'reduce your daily fat intake'; 'The employer wants to cut back health benefits')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op some (PurposefulAction^c or ActionGroup^c or ActionType^c)

CuttingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$CuttingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to (enable its user to) cut another object. Specializations of #$CuttingDevice include the collections #$Razor, #$Scissors, and #$LawnMower. [NOTE: CYC 'powered' can mean muscle-powered]. `NOTE that although a 'CuttingDevice' typically has a blade, it is possible, as with an industrial laser, to cut without a using blade. NOTE also that a 'CuttingDevice' may be used for piercing, not just slicing with the shartp edge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutting implement' in WordNet: 1. cutting implement - (a tool used for cutting or slicing)`
Super-classes	DangerousTangibleThing^c PoweredDevice^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Resource^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value CuttingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Razor^c Drill^c BladedWeapon-NonProjectile^c Scythe^c Saw^c LawnMower^c Blade^c Sickle^c DrillBit^c Shredder^c CuttingTool^c

CuttingDeviceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingDeviceType`
Description	''CuttingDeviceType'' is a metatype which is used to relate types of ''CuttingDevice''s to other things.
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	BladedWeapon-NonProjectile Axe Hatchet Shredder FlatBlade Shears SquareBlade Sickle RazorBlade CurvedBlade Blade EdgeTool CuttingDevice Razor CuttingTool Snips Scissors Knife

CuttingEdge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingEdge`
Description	A ''CuttingEdge'' is an ''Endeavor'' performed by some ''Person or ''GroupOfPeople'' that is in the most advanced state (advanced toward a goal, or most novel) of those participating in some ''CommonEndeavor''. NOTE: the WN gloss also has an 'idea' at the forefront, so can ideas be considered as a type of ''Endeavor''?? This should be interpreted as developing an idea, not a static developed idea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutting edge' in WordNet: 1. (1) vanguard, forefront, cutting edge - (the position of greatest importance or advancement; the leading position in any movement or field; 'the Cotswolds were once at the forefront of woollen manufacturing in England'; 'the idea of motion was always to the forefront of his mind and central to his philosophy')
Super-classes	Endeavor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Advanced-Modern^c isaSubEventOf^op value CommonEndeavor^c

CuttingHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingHair`
Description	''CuttingHair'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts some quantity of ''Hair'', on any kind of animal. This includes shaving. `CYC 'HairCuttingEvent': The collection of hair cutting events. This refers to the whole (composite) event of getting/giving a haircut, not to cutting individual strands of hair. The latter are #$subEvents of #$HairCuttingEvent. Includes noun sense 2 of 'haircut' in WordNet: 2. haircut - (the act of cutting the hair)`
Super-classes	PersonalGrooming^c CuttingSomething^c ProfessionalServicing^c ShapingHair^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value HairObject^c
Sub-classes	Shaving^c

CuttingInPieces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingInPieces`
Description	CYC: The collection of all cutting events [#$CuttingSomething] in which there is a complete separation [#$Separation-Complete] so that two (or more) distinct connected objects result. The pieces may be of similar or vastly dissimilar size. For example, #$DrillingSomething and #$SawingSomething are specializations of #$CuttingInPieces since small pieces (e.g. sawdust) are removed from the larger piece. NOTE:'carving' applied to food is represented by the subtype ''CarvingFood''. The WN sysnsets do not appear to make a clear distinction between between 'slicing' things to get slices and cutting something to remove superfluous material and produce a residual formed object (as in sculpture). This type takes the 'cut up' part of the synset 'carve, cut up' to represent the most general cutting to product more than one object (not just an incision). The 'carve' to produce a series of slices is included in ''CarvingSomething'' where it is taken as the 'carve' part of the synset. The cutting to produce a form is represented by subtype ''Sculpting''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cut up' in WordNet: 1. (2) carve, cut up - (cut to pieces; 'Father carved the ham')
Super-classes	Separation-Complete^c CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Butchering^c CarvingSomething^c Julienning^c ChoppingUpSomething^c

CuttingMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingMeat`
Description	''CuttingMeat'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts some quantity of ''Meat''.
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value MeatObject^c

CuttingMetal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingMetal`
Description	''CuttingMetal'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts some SeetOfSomeStuff consisting of ''Metal''.
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SheetOfMetal^c

CuttingOrGrindingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingOrGrindingType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some class of 'cutting' or 'grinding' as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	ActionType^c EventType^c
Members	GrindingMeat Pulverizing Mashing CuttingSomething Grinding

CuttingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingSomething`
Description	'CuttingSomething' is a subtype of 'SeparationEvent' that is necesarily performed by a 'CuttingDevice'. NOTE that in the case of, e.g. cutting by a laser, the laser is still a 'CuttingDevice' though it doesn't have a blade. But typically CuttingDevices have blades. A ''CuttingSomething'' may or may not remove a portion of the object that is ut, or it may just separate an object into two or more pieces without removing material. An example of ''CuttingSomething'' that removesmaterial is a ''DrillingaHole'' where the hole is produced by removing material with a ''Drill. CYC: A specialization of both #$HandlingADevice and #$SeparationEvent. Each instance of #$CuttingSomething is an event in which some piece of material stuff is cut, whether or not a complete separation of parts occurs. Specializations of #$CuttingSomething include #$CuttingNails, #$Butchering, and #$CuttingFabric. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cut' in WordNet: 1. (58) cut - (separate with or as if with an instrument; 'Cut the rope') WN noun 'cutting': 8. cut, cutting - (the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge; 'his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels')
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c Modification^c SeparationEvent^c
Sub-classes	ParingSomething^c Incising^c CuttingInPieces^c CuttingMetal^c SawingSomething^c CuttingUpaTree^c Severing^c CuttingHair^c DrillingAHole^c DicingaFoodObject^c LaceratingSomething^c CuttingTheSkin^c Mowing^c ScratchingSomething^c Vasectomy^c SurgicalIncision^c Dissecting^c CuttingaGroove^c CuttingMeat^c PunchingAHole^c

CuttingTheSkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingTheSkin`
Description	''CuttingTheSkin'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' that causes a separation (of any length) of some part of the''Skin' of an Animal.
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Cut^c hadObjectModified^op value Skin^c

CuttingTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingTool`
Description	WN has some fine distinctions around cutting devices. This type includes sharp-edged tools,but not saws. subtype: bolt cutter cigar cutter die glass cutter tile cutter edge tool (includes bladed tools - knives and chisels) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutting tool' in WordNet: 1. cutter, cutlery, cutting tool - (a cutting implement; a tool for cutting)`
Super-classes	CuttingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value KnifeEdge^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Blade^c
Sub-classes	EdgeTool^c

CuttingUpaTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingUpaTree`
Description	'CuttingUpaTree' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a tree into pieces, which may be discrete logs or wood chips. This can be done by chopping or sawing.
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Tree^c isaSubEventOf^op value Logging^c

CuttingaGroove^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingaGroove`
Description	''CuttingaGroove'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a ''Groove' into the surface of a SolidObject. `NOTE that Grooves can be produced in plastics by pressing and forming, but this is only for the cutting or grinding process that produces a groove. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'groove' in WordNet: 1. groove - (make a groove in, or provide with a groove; 'groove a vinyl record')`
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Groove^c hadObjectModified^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	RiflingaGunBarrel^c CuttingaGrooveInWood^c

CuttingaGrooveInWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CuttingaGrooveInWood`
Description	''CuttingaGrooveInWood'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a ''Groove' into the surface of some piece of ''Wood''.. #Wood"
Super-classes	CuttingaGroove^c Woodcarving^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value WoodenObject^c produces^op value Groove^c

Cuttings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cuttings`
Description	Each ''Cuttings'' is a ''FragmentGroup'' created by an Action of ''CuttingSomething''.
Super-classes	FragmentGroup^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value CuttingSomething^c

Cyanide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyanide`
Description	'Cyanide'' by itself is an anion, but this type collects all poisonous chenicals whose toxic nature derives from the ability to release cyanide ion into the blood fluids. Thus, organic cyanides, which do not ionize, are not subtypes. The WN subtypes (not represented yet) are: sodium cyanide - (a white poisonous salt (NaCN) used in electroplating) potassium cyanide - (a poisonous salt (KCN) used in electroplating and in photography) CYC: An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType.Instances of #$Cyanide are harmful substances where each molecule consists of a #$CyanideIon with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of #$Cyanide include #$CyanogenChloride, #$SodiumCyanide, and #$HydrogenCyanide. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'cyanide' (includes hydrocyanic acid itself) in WordNet: 2. cyanide - (an extremely poisonous salt of hydrocyanic acid)
Super-classes	ToxicSubstance^c
Sub-classes	HydrogenCyanide^c

Cycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cycle`
Description	An Event in which at least one relevant fluent returns to its original value. Usually, a Cycle is one of a contiguous repeated series of Events of the same type, but a single Cycle is included in this type. Each instance of ''Cycle'' is also an instance of the parent ''Iteration''. NOTE that a cycle of 'worsening' and 'recovery' would fit the generic concept represented here, but that is not yet (Rev1337) included as subtypes. For an Event consisting of multiple ''Cycle''s use ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' or ''Alternating''. NOTE: this is an Event that can be but it not necessarily a part of a repeating series of similar Events; for a 'cycle' of time in some cyclic time theory or world view, use ''CyclicTimeLoop''. NOTE that the Longman defining term 'cycle' is only used as a verb, but we include the Longman term in COSMO because cyclic Events are rather common. Most closely Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cycle' , but in WordNet this seems to be a TimeInterval while in COSMO it is an Event, so they are not equivalent.: in WordNet: 1. (4) cycle, rhythm, round - (an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; 'the never-ending cycle of the seasons')
Super-classes	OrderedPairOfThings^c Iteration^c
Sub-classes	AnnualClimateCycle^c RoundTrip^c CyclicMovement^c FloatingPointOperation^c Flick^c HeartBeat^c InstructionLoopExecution^c

CycleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CycleType`
Description	''CycleType'' is a metatype which can serve as type for ''Cycle''s.
Super-classes	EventType^c
Members	Flick InstructionLoopExecution CyclicMovement FloatingPointOperation Cycle AnnualClimateCycle

CyclesPerSecondMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclesPerSecondMeasure`
Description	Each ''CyclesPerSecondMeasure'' is a Frequency in which the repeated unit is 'Cycle' and the RateUnit is ''perSecond''.. @db121 @ToDo: frequencies are still not well represented. Because it is a subtype of ''OrderedPair'' instances of this type need a 'hasFirstElement' relation, but also as a quantitative unit of measure, they need a 'hasUnit' to reference the same item. This duplication may be eliminated by changing the domain/range of 'hasUnit'??? and making it a subproperty of 'hasFirstElement'>>> Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hertz' in WordNet: 1. hertz, Hz, cycle per second, cycles/second, cps, cycle - (the unit of frequency; one hertz has a periodic interval of one second)
Super-classes	Frequency^c RateMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclesPerSecond^c hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclesPerSecond^c
Sub-classes	Pitch^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freq261.63cps

Cyclic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyclic

Description

''Cyclic'' is the property of any series of Events that occur repetitively in contiguous sequence.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'cyclic' in Wordnet:
          4. cyclic, cyclical - (recurring in cycles)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

CyclicEventSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclicEventSeries`
Description	A ''CyclicEventSeries'' is a Group of Events in sequence, each instance of which is a Cycle, i.e. an Event in which some defining fluent (attribute) returns to its initial value.
Super-classes	ReiterativeEventSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (Cycle^c or CycleType^c)
Sub-classes	HeartBeating^c Alternation^c

CyclicMovement^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclicMovement

Description

A ''CyclicMovement'' is a ''Translation-Complete'' (some whole object moves) that is a ''Cycle'' (an Event that returns to its original state - in this case, the original location). It may or may not be repeated, so it is an ''Iteration'' that can be repeated, but this type represents only one such ''cycle''. A 'lap' of a race around a cyclic path (circle, oval) can be accomplished by an animal on foot or in a vehicle (foot race, dog race auto race, chariot race).

        There is no constraint on the size of the Object moving over the

        Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'circuit' in WordNet:
          6. lap, circle, circuit - (movement once around a course; 
             'he drove an extra lap just for insurance')

Super-classes Iteration^c
Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Cycle^c

CyclicTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclicTimeInterval`
Description	A 'CyclicTimeInterval' is some interval of time within a ''CyclicTimeLoop''; the 'CyclicTimeInterval' can be a complete ''CyclicTimeLoop'' (which is a subtype). `This type is not expected to represent anything in our real universe, but it is included to represent the cyclic time that can be referred to in exotic physical theories, or in some traditional views of time.`
Super-classes	TemporalLocation^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalLocation^op some FutureTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	CyclicTimeLoop^c

CyclicTimeLoop^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclicTimeLoop

Description

A ''CyclicTimeLoop'' is a 'CyclicTimeInterval' that extends completely around some hypothetical time loop, so that the beginning and ending points of the time interval are the same TimePoint..

     This type is not expected to represent anything in our real universe,
     but it is included to represent the cyclic time that can be referred to
     in exotic physical theories, or in some traditional views of time.

Super-classes CyclicTimeInterval^c

Cycling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cycling`
Description	''Cycling'' is the ''Sport'' whose execution involvess ''RidingaCycle'', either ''RidingaMotocyce''.or ''BicycleRacing'' (with subevent ''Pedaling'').
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value RidingaCycle^c

Cyclist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyclist`
Description	A ''Cyclist'' is a Person who rides a ''Bicycle''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyclist' in WordNet: 1. (8) cyclist, bicyclist, bicycler, wheeler - (a person who rides a bicycle)`
Super-classes	Rider^c
Restrictions	controlsManually^op value Bicycle^c performsAction^op value RidingaBicycle^c wasTransportedInEvent^op value RidingaBicycle^c

Cyclone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyclone`
Description	A ''Cyclone'' is a ''WindStorm'' consisting of winds whirling in a circular pattern, with or without a visible 'funnel'. This is not the technical 'cyclone' of meteorology, but the common meaning for a local weather phenomenon. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cyclone' in Wordnet: 2. cyclone - (a violent rotating windstorm)`
Super-classes	WindStorm^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rotating^c
Sub-classes	Tornado^c

Cyclotron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyclotron`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyclotron' in WordNet: 1. cyclotron - (an accelerator that imparts energies of several million electron-volts to rapidly moving particles)`
Super-classes	ParticleAccelerator^c

Cylinder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cylinder`
Description	Any Cylinder-shaped object, solid or hollow, such as a steel bar, a wooden pole, or a straight pipe. Each of these is only approximately cylinder-shaped; the screw threads on the end of a pipe do not disqualify it as an instance of this Type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cylinder' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cylinder - (a cylindrical container for oxygen or compressed air) 2. (1) cylinder - (a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes (the bases)) 4. cylinder, piston chamber - (a chamber within which piston moves)`
Super-classes	StraightObject^c SolidObject^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	hasCrossSectionalShape^op value Circle^c hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value CylinderGeometrical^c
Sub-classes	HypodermicSyringe^c Roller^c PistonChamber^c SausageObject^c

CylinderGeometrical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CylinderGeometrical`
Description	This is an abstract geometric figure. A Cylinder may be solid, or may have a hollow center, in which case it is an instance of the subtype 'Tube'. Cyc: An instance of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$RoundThing and #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing. Each instance of #$Cylinder is a three-dimensional object bounded by a circular base and top. Note that the sides of a #$Cylinder might be straight or curved; i.e. cross-sections taken with respect to the sides, while all roughly circular, might or might not be parallel to the base or top. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the cylinders that house pistons in an internal combustion engine, as well as abstract cylinders. A specialization of #$Cylinder is #$Tube. NOTE that this is a GeometricFigure, an AbstractObject, not a physical object, and is disjoint with PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cylinder' in Wordnet: 3. cylinder - (a surface generated by rotating a parallel line around a fixed line)
Super-classes	ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Cylinder^c hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c

Cylindrical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cylindrical

Description

The property of a three-dimensional object that has a circular cross-section and extends in the third dimension by a length at least one-quarter that of the diameter of the circle.

        NOTE: Cylinder is a shape, and .

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

CylindricalHollowObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CylindricalHollowObject`
Description	A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing; instances are characterized by a cylindrical, single-walled structure and a hollow interior. Examples include #$GunBarrels and #$Bottles. The structure in question must be 'long' enough to justify the appelation of 'hollow'. Borderline non-cases might include two-dimensional ringlike structures like wedding-rings.
Super-classes	HollowObject^c CylindricalObject^c ContainerShapedObject^c
Sub-classes	CapsuleContainer^c Flute^c GunBarrel^c Jar^c BarrelOfaGun^c Bottle^c ProjectileCasing^c BarrelContainer^c Recorder^c

CylindricalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CylindricalObject`
Description	Each 'CylindricalObject' is a SolidObject shaped (at least approximately) like a Cylinder, whether solid or hollow on the inside; this may be part of a larger object, and includes Spools on which cord or sheets can be wound, even though the Spool may have flared edges. A ''DrinkingMug'' is ''Cylindrical'' even though it always has a handle. `NOTE that this is also a ''StraightObject'' - if it was curved, it would have to be of a different classification - if hollow, a tube.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c StraightObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Cylinder^c hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c hasCrossSectionalShape^op value Circle^c
Sub-classes	DrinkingCan^c SmallCandle^c Rod^c RollOfStuff^c Candle^c Piston^c Monocular^c CylindricalHollowObject^c Spool^c HairRoller^c DrinkingMug^c Torpedo^c RollAndSpool^c Shaft^c Kaleidoscope^c

Cymbal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cymbal`
Description	metal disk that is struck with a stick or with another cymbal to produce a ''CrashingSound''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cymbal' in WordNet: 1. cymbal - (a percussion instrument consisting of a concave brass disk; makes a loud crashing sound when hit with a drumstick or when two are struck together)`
Super-classes	PercussionInstrument^c RigidObject^c Disk^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value MakingaCrashingSound^c isaComponentElementOf^op value Cymbals^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Brass^c

Cymbals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cymbals`
Description	Each instance of ''Cymbals'' is a matched pair of ''Cymbal''s.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matched^c hasComponentElement^op only Cymbal^c

Cynic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cynic`
Description	A ''Cynic'' is a ''Skeptic'' who tends to disbelieve assertions about the good motives of people. Someone who tends to believe the worst about others, and in the role of ''FaultFinder'' also expresses such skepticism. This corresponds most closely to RHW 'cynic' sense 1: 1. a person who believes that only selfishness motivates human actions and who disbelieves in or minimizes selfless acts or disinterested points of view. The Origin of the term 'cynic' is amusing: According to Diogenes Laertius' third-century 'Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers', Plato was applauded for his definition of 'man' as a 'featherless biped', so Diogenes the Cynic " plucked the feathers from a cock, brought it to Plato's school, and said, 'Here is Plato's man.'? " When asked about the origin of his epithet, cynic deriving from the Greek word for dog, Diogenes replied that it was given to him because he " fawns upon those who give him anything and barks at those who give him nothing." From " Lapham's Quarterly " online at (as of 20200719: https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/animals/miscellany/plato-and-diogenes-debate-featherless-bipeds The term 'featherless biped' origin (from Wikipedia): " Proposed by Plato (427-347 BCE) in his dialogue Statesman. . . . Usage notes: Used throughout the history of western philosophy as an example of an unsatisfactory definition of the term human being. " See also ''DiogenesTheCynic''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cynic' in WordNet: 1. (1) cynic, faultfinder - (someone who is critical of the motives of others)
Super-classes	Skeptic^c FaultFinder^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Doubting^c isaPersonFeeling^op value Cynicism^c

Cynical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cynical

Description

This attribute of a Person may apply only in specific circumstances, and does not make a Person a ''Cynic'' in its habitual sense.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cynical' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) cynical, misanthropic, misanthropical -
             (believing the worst of human nature and motives; 
             having a sneering disbelief in e.g. selflessness of others)

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c

Cynicism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cynicism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cynicism' in WordNet: 1. cynicism - (a cynical feeling of distrust)`
Super-classes	Pessimism^c

CypressTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CypressTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cypress tree' in WordNet: 1. (1) cypress, cypress tree - (any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones)`
Super-classes	ConiferousTree^c
Sub-classes	Juniper^c

CypressWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CypressWood`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cypress' in WordNet: 1. cypress - (wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus)`
Super-classes	Wood^c

CypriniformFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CypriniformFish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cypriniform fish' in WordNet: 1. cypriniform fish - (a soft-finned fish of the order Cypriniformes)`
Super-classes	Soft-finnedFish^c
Sub-classes	Characin^c Cyprinodont^c Carp^c Guppy^c

Cyprinodont^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyprinodont`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyprinodont' in WordNet: 1. cyprinodont - (any member of the family Cyprinodontidae)`
Super-classes	CypriniformFish^c

Cyst-Condition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyst-Condition`
Description	CYC 'Cyst': An abnormal growth characterized by a sac-like membrane. `NOTE: both CYC and WN classify this as a condition,rather than as the object. Should be elaborated. Add'HavingaCyst'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyst' in WordNet: 1. (3) cyst - (a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Cyst-Sac^c

Cyst-Sac^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyst-Sac`
Description	This is the ''Sac'' produced by a ''Cyst-Condition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyst' in WordNet: 1. (3) cyst - (a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure)`
Super-classes	Sac-Organic^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value InternalBodyFluid^c

Cysteine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cysteine

Description

CYC: A collection of compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. It is easily oxidized into cystine, is sometimes found in urine, and has limited detoxification properties. Its abbreviations are Cys and C.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cysteine' in WordNet:
          1. cysteine - (an amino acid containing sulfur that is found 
          in most proteins; oxidizes on exposure to air to form cystine)

Super-classes AminoAcid^c

Cytoplasm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cytoplasm`
Description	CYC: The collection of all cytoplasm, material found in cells outside of the nucleus and within the plasma membrane. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cytoplasm' in WordNet: 1. (4) cytoplasm, cytol - (the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism)`
Super-classes	gel^c Protoplasm^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Cell^c

Czar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Czar`
Description	This ''Czar'' represents any one of the rulers of Russia after 1547 and prior to 1917. The title is a variant of the Latin word 'Caesar' (the title of Roman emperors) , assumed by Ivan IV when the last part of the Roman Empire collapsed, and intended to represent his assumption of the role of a 'Caesar'. The term 'czar' has been used recently in a metaphorical sense to refer to a Person who has been assigned or assumed a position of great authority; that sense is not included in this type. `The transliteration closest to the Russian pronunciation is 'tsar'. Wikipedia: Ivan IV (popularly known as Ivan, the Terrible) was the first Russian ruler to assume the title of Czar in 1547. He belonged to the House of Rurik and reigned from 1547-1584. He was an authoritarian and a ruthless ruler. Ivan IV is infamous for killing his own son in a fit of rage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'czar' in WordNet: 1. czar, tsar, tzar - (a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917))`
Super-classes	Monarch-HeadOfState^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value LeadingAnEmpire^c

Czech^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Czech

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Czech' in Wordnet:
        1. Czech, Czechoslovakian - (of or relating to Czechoslovakia 
           or its people or their language; "The Czech border"; "Czechoslovak nationalists"; 
           "The Czechoslovakian population")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

CzechPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CzechPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Czech' in WordNet: 1. Czech - (a native of inhabitant of the Czech Republic)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CzechRepublic^c

DNA^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DNA

Description

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the collection of all instances of DNA, the chemical compound composed of individual #$DNAMolecules.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'DNA' in Wordnet:
          1. deoxyribonucleic acid, desoxyribonucleic acid, DNA - ((biochemistry) a long linear polymer
             found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; 
             associated with the transmission of genetic information; 'DNA is the king of molecules')

Super-classes MolecularStuff^c
NucleicAcid^c

DNAMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DNAMolecule`
Description	A ''DNAMolecule'' is a ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' consisting of ''DNA''. To use the term, the molecule should have more than ten nucleotide units, and typically many more. `NOte that in COSMO a ''DNAMolecule'' can be a stretch of nucleotide units that is part of a larger DNA molecule - it is not necessarily free,it need only have a fixed (even if unknown) nucleotide sequence. A long ''DNAMolecule'' can be fragmented into shorter ''DNAMolecule''s until the number of bases gets so small the piece are referred to as 'oligonucleotides' rather than a ''DNAMolecule''`
Super-classes	NucleicAcidMolecule^c Molecule^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit^c
Sub-classes	Gene^c

DNAVirus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DNAVirus`
Description	A specialization of #$Virus. Each instance of this collection contains DNA which it uses as its primary genetic material. This contrasts with 'RNA virus', having RHA as the main genetic material. Cold viruses are common exampes of RNA virus.
Super-classes	Virus^c
Restrictions	hasSalientSubstance^op value DNA^c
Sub-classes	Herpes-Virus^c

DVD-Physical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DVD-Physical

Description

An 'Digital Video Disk', the physical object,

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'DVD' in WordNet:
       1. videodisk, videodisc, DVD - (a digital recording 
        (as of a movie) on an optical disk that can be played on a computer or a television set)

Super-classes OpticalDisk^c

Dab^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dab

Description

A ''Dab'' is a ''SmallAmount'' (a small ApproximateQuantity) of some stuff that is smaller than a hand and can be applied to a surface or added to a mixture

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dab' in WordNet:
          2. dab, splash, splatter - (a small quantity 
             of something moist or liquid; 'a dab of paint'; 'a splatter of mud'; 
             'just a splash of whiskey')

Super-classes SmallAmount^c

Dabbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dabbing`
Description	''Dabbing'' is a ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' where the quanity of stuff (a liquid) applied in any one (possibly repeated) Action is small, such as a ''Dab''. `NOTE: to 'swab' requires a 'swab' of some kind, and is a separate subtype of ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'dab' in WordNet: 1. (2) dab, swab, swob - (apply (usually a liquid) to a surface; 'dab the wall with paint')`
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c
Sub-classes	Swabbing^c

DabblingInAnActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DabblingInAnActivity`
Description	''DabblingInAnActivity'' is a ''BeingBusy'' state in which some person 'occupies' him/herself at times doing something unrelated to their occupation that s/he finds interesting or satisfying. The fraction of one's time spent 'dabbling' in an activity can vary widely. `The BeingBusy should apply only to the times when one is performing the ''HumanActivity'' - this may not be logically accurate as a 'state'. Probably needs a different parent type. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dabble' in WordNet: 3. dabble, smatter, play around - (work with in an amateurish manner; 'She dabbles in astronomy'; 'He plays around with investments but he never makes any money')`
Super-classes	BeingBusy^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HumanActivity^c

Dachshund^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dachshund

Description

CYC: A collection of small dogs. They come in three different varieties, the Longhaired, Smooth and Wirehaired, as well as two different sizes, Miniature and Standard.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dachshund' in WordNet:
          1. dachshund, dachsie, badger dog - (small long-bodied 
            short-legged German breed of dog having a short sleek coat
            and long drooping ears; suited for following game into burrows)

Super-classes Hound^c
Dog^c

DaddyLongLegs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DaddyLongLegs`
Description	A ''DaddyLongLegs'' is a conspicuously long-legged Arachnid with a small oval body. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'daddy longlegs' in WordNet: 2. harvestman, daddy longlegs, Phalangium opilio - (spiderlike arachnid with a small rounded body and very long thin legs)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Arachnid^c
Restrictions	hasFeature^op value LongLegs^c

Daffodil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daffodil

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daffodil' in WordNet:
         1. (1) daffodil, Narcissus pseudonarcissus - (any of numerous varieties 
            of Narcissus plants having showy often yellow flowers with a trumpet-shaped central crown)

Super-classes Narcissus^c
Species^c

Dagger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dagger`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dagger' in WordNet: 1. (1) dagger, sticker - (a short knife with a pointed blade used for piercing or stabbing)`
Super-classes	CloseQuarterCombatWeapon^c Knife^c BladedWeapon-NonProjectile^c

DailyEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DailyEvent`
Description	A 'DailyEvent'' is an ''Event'' that has the Attribute ''OccurringDaily'', and the Frequency 'daily'. `Similar Classes can be created for other recurring intervals.`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OccurringDaily^c hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#daily^c
Sub-classes	DailyRoutine^c

DailyRoutine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DailyRoutine`
Description	This is an Event that occurs once per day, and has multiple,mostly optional, subevents,each subevent being one of the various repeated Actions performed almost every day (not necessarily every day) by many or most members of a group at daily or almost daily intervals. In general, only the adults go to work and only the youngsters go to school. Different people are likely to have different ''DailyRoutine''s, at least with respect to timing. NOTE; this might be represented as a ''Cycle'' with the ''DailySleep'' counting as the state that is the *object of ''hadOriginalAndRecoveredState'' relation for ''Cycle''s. At Rev1337 this does not seem necessary, but can be added as a parent. Daily routine cycles tend to be variable, so this may not be a appropriate classification 1331 Includes: WakingUpFromSleep GettingOutOfBed PersonalGrooming EatingBreakfast GoingToWork Returninghome EatingDinner RelaxingAtHome GoingToBed GoingToSleep Sleeping Nap DailySleep Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'routine' in WordNet: 1. (10) routine, modus operandi - (an unvarying or habitual method or procedure)
Super-classes	RoutineAction^c DailyEvent^c ModusOperandi^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value ReturningHome^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value SleepingEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OccurringDaily^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value GettingOutOfBed^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value GoingToBed^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value EatingBreakfast^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value GoingToWork^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value EatingDinner^c hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#daily^c hasSubEvent^op value DailySleep^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value GoingToSleep^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Nap^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value WakingUpFromSleep^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value PersonalGrooming^c
Sub-classes	HouseholdRoutine^c

DailySleep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DailySleep`
Description	A ''DailySleep'' is a ''SleepingEvent'' of at least 3 hours (perhaps with brief interruptions) that a Person is required to have each day for normal functioning. This is part of the ''DailyRoutine'' and usually takes place at night (but not for night shift workers).
Super-classes	SleepingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeHours^c isaSubEventOf^op value DailyRoutine^c

Daintily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daintily

Description

''Daintily'' is a ''AdverbOfManner'' of people that is considered refined.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'daintily' in WordNet:
           1. (1) daintily - (in a refined manner; 'she nibbled daintily at her cake')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Dainty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dainty

Description

Beautiful and Delicate. This can apply to Actions as well as Objects.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dainty' in WordNet:
       2. (1) dainty, exquisite - (delicately beautiful; 'a dainty teacup'; 'an exquisite cameo')

Super-classes Delicate^c
Beautiful^c

Daiquiri^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daiquiri`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daiquiri' in WordNet: 1. (1) daiquiri, rum cocktail - (a cocktail made with rum and lime or lemon juice)
Super-classes	CocktailDrink^c

DairyCow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DairyCow

Description

A ''Cow'' bred and maintained to produce ''Milk''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dairy cow' in WordNet:
          1. (4) dairy cattle, dairy cow, milch cow, milk cow, milcher, milker - 
               (cattle that are reared for their milk)

Super-classes Cow^c

DairyFarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DairyFarm`
Description	A ''DairyFarm'' is a ''Farm'' (The piece of RealEstate and physical objects) where ''DairyProduct''s are produced, usually from cows. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dairy farm' in WordNet: 1. dairy, dairy farm - (a farm where dairy products are produced)`
Super-classes	Farm^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value DairyProduct^c

DairyProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DairyProduct`
Description	A specialization of #$FoodOrDrink and an instance of #$FoodGroup. Each instance of #$DairyProduct is a foodstuff that is milk or processed milk. Important specializations of #$DairyProduct include #$CowsMilk-Product, #$Cheese, #$Butter, and #$IceCream. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dairy product' in WordNet: 1. dairy product - (milk and butter and cheese)`
Super-classes	EdibleStuff^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasSource^op value DairyFarm^c isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Milk^c
Sub-classes	Yogurt^c Milk^c Cheese^c Buttermilk^c IceCream^c Butter^c Cream-Dairy^c

Daisy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daisy`
Description	A ''Daisy'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''DaisyPlant''. No sense of 'daisy' in Wordnet for the flower alone.
Super-classes	CutFlower^c
Restrictions	isTheFlowerOfa^op value DaisyPlant^c

DaisyPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DaisyPlant

Description

A 'DaisyPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'daisy', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Daisy'' in COSMO.

      CYC: plants in the aster order with yellow or white
        petals and usually a yellow center.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daisy' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) daisy - (any of numerous composite plants having flower heads
           with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl)

Super-classes Wildflower^c
Aster^c
FloweringPlant^c

Dalmatian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dalmatian

Description

CYC: A collection of medium-sized, white dogs with either black or liver spots. Their fur is short and dense. They have many other names: English Coach Dog, Carriage Dog, Plum Pudding Dog, Firehouse Dog and Spotted Dick.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dalmatian' in WordNet:
          2. dalmatian, coach dog, carriage dog - 
              (a large breed having a smooth white coat 
               with black or brown spots; originated in Dalmatia)

Super-classes Dog^c

Dam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dam`
Description	A specialization of #$FixedStructure and #$FlowControlDevice. Each instance of #$Dam is an artificial structure designed to restrain the flow of a stream. `The WN synset includes 'dike' but that is represented separately under ''Dike''. This is specifically a Dam to restrict or stop the flow of current in a Stream or River. It can be large or small, depending on the stream. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dam' in Wordnet: 1. (3) dam, dike, dyke - (a barrier constructed to contain the flow of water or to keep out the sea)`
Super-classes	InfrastructureProduct^c FixedStructure^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value StreamCurrent^c isOnTopOf^op value StreamBed^c enablesOrAssists^op value Irrigating^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HooverDam

Damage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Damage

Description

The change in attributes that is caused by an IncurringDamage Event - or any its subtypes. This is an AttributeValue that is a Difference in the same Attribute of the same Object at different times, the later time being one where the Object is less functional. The Attribute that changes does not have to impare the functionality of the Object, it may only detract from its appearance.

      NOTE that this  is a subtype  of ''Detriment'', which can be a harmful change
       in circumstances external to the object that suffers a ''Detriment'', whereas this
       Damage'' represents a change in some attribute of the thing damaged.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'damage' in WordNet.
       NOTE: WordNet considers this sense as an Event, but in COSMO it
       is an Attribute - specifically, a Change (Difference) in attributes
       before and after an IncurringDamage Event.  WordNet sense 3 of 'damage'
       appears to be the transitive act of doing damage - see IncurringDamage.
     in WordNet:
         1. (11) damage, harm, impairment - (the occurrence of a change for the worse)

Super-classes Detriment^c

Damaged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Damaged`
Description	A property of PhysicalObjects that are typically useful or functional, but have become less useful or functional as a result of a 'DamagingEvent'. This includes living things such as animals or plants that have some utility, but does not apply to people. `Use of this Attribute does not required that the IncurringDamage Event be specified. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'damaged' in WordNet: 1. damaged - (harmed or injured or spoiled; 'I won't buy damaged goods'; 'the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings')`
Super-classes	Worse^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Worn^c Bruised^c Battered^c Dislocated^c Scuffed^c Wrecked^c Dilapidated^c Fractured^c WornOut^c Traumatized^c

DamagedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DamagedObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is Damaged as a result of a 'DamagingEvent'.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	wasDamagedInEvent^op only IncurringDamage^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Damaged^c
Sub-classes	WreckedObject^c

DamagedPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DamagedPart`
Description	Each DamagedPart'' is a 'Defect' in some ArtifactObject that was created after manufacturing, resulting from an ''IncurringPhysicalDamage'' Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'defect' and sense 1 of 'flaw' in WordNet: 1. (2) defect, fault, flaw - - (an imperfection in a device or machine; 'if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer')`
Super-classes	Defect^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c isProducedByEventType^op value IncurringDamage^c
Sub-classes	Ravel^c Rip^c

Damaging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Damaging`
Description	''Damaging'' is a property of a ''DamagingEvent''. is is for physical damage (rendering objects less effective or ineffecve); for physiogical damage use other subtype of ''Harmful'' such as ''Injurious'', ''Poisonous'', or ''Venomous''; for Events causing serious harm that is not physical, such as financial harm or psychological harm or social or professional harm, the attributes ''Disastrous'' or ''Ruinous'' can be used. `'prejudicial' (to reputation or interests) is included here but should be a distinctive subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 'damaging' in WordNet: 1. (1) damaging, detrimental, prejudicial, prejudicious - ((sometimes followed by 'to') causing harm or injury; 'damaging to career and reputation'; 'the reporter's coverage resulted in prejudicial publicity for the defendant')`
Super-classes	Harmful^c
Sub-classes	Destructive^c Devastating^c

DamagingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DamagingEvent`
Description	The Class of Processes where the agent brings about a situation where the patient no longer functions normally or as intended. COSMO note: this Action must be caused by an Agent, and cannot be natural, as can a 'DestructionEvent'. NOTE also that 'IncurringPhysicalDamage' looks at the Event from the perspective of the thing damaged,' not just the Agent doing the damage. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 3 of 'damage' in WordNet: 1. (12) damage - (inflict damage upon; The snow damaged the roof; She damaged the car when she hit the tree) 3. (1) damage, harm, hurt, scathe - (the act of damaging something or someone)
Super-classes	Action^c InternalChange^c IncurringPhysicalDamage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Damaging^c produced^op value Damage^c caused^op value IncurringDamage^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Damaged^c
Sub-classes	IntentionalDestruction^c FracturingaBone^c Traumatizing^c Wrecking^c Tainting^c Defacing^c

DamagingFlood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DamagingFlood`
Description	A Flooding in which some PhysicalObject is damaged..
Super-classes	IncurringPhysicalDamage^c Flooding^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Damaging^c

Damnation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Damnation`
Description	''Damnation'' in Christian theology is a state of 'BearingPunishment' inflicted by God on sinners who have not repented. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'damnation' in WordNet: 2. damnation, eternal damnation - (the state of being condemned to eternal punishment in Hell)`
Super-classes	BearingPunishment^c
Restrictions	hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value Salvation^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Agony^c isPerformedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GodTheCreator^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Eternal^c

Dampening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dampening`
Description	`NOTE: the difference between this WN sense and that for ''Stifling'' is unclear. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dampen' in WordNet: 1. (3) stifle, dampen - (smother or suppress; "Stifle your curiosity")`
Super-classes	SubduingByForce^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op value GroupOfPeople^c

Damper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Damper`
Description	A ''Damper'' is a ''MetalPlate'' that is located inside a chimney to regulate the draft. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'damper' in Wordnet: 1. damper - (a movable iron plate that regulates the draft in a stove or chimney or furnace)`
Super-classes	MetalPlate^c FlowRegulator^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Chimney^c

Dance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dance`
Description	A ''Dance'' is a ''Party'' at which people have the opportunity to dance, usually to the accompaniment of music. `CYC 'Dance-Party': Each #$Dance-Party is a social event involving all the normal actions at a party, but also necessarily involving the playing of music and dancing of the attendees to at least some of this music.` @mod59 Includes noun senses 2 and 4 (diferene?) of 'dance' in WordNet: 2. (3) dance - (a party of people assembled for dancing) 4. dance - (a party for social dancing)
Super-classes	Party^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Dancing^c
Sub-classes	Rave^c FormalBall^c

DanceBand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanceBand`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dance band' in WordNet: 1. dance band, band, dance orchestra - (a group of musicians playing popular music for dancing)`
Super-classes	Band-MusicGroup^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Dancing^c

DanceFloor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanceFloor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dance floor' in WordNet: 1. dance floor - (a bare floor polished for dancing)`
Super-classes	Floor^c

DanceMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanceMusic`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dance music' in WordNet: 1. dance music, danceroom music, ballroom music - (a genre of popular music composed for ballroom dancing)`
Super-classes	PopularMusic^c
Sub-classes	WaltzMusic^c

DanceSpecification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanceSpecification`
Description	A ''DanceSpecification' specifies the series of movements that a Person should perform while ''Dancing''. This includes ''ChoreographedDancing'' (for performing on a stage) as well as ''SocialDancing'', including ''BallroomDancing'' and ''FolkDancing''. This type of ''Specification'' is created by a ''Choreopgrapher'', which term is more broadly interpreted in COSMO rev 1779 than the creator of stage dancing movements but can be split to distinguish the subtypes when needed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dance' in WordNet: 1. (15) dance - (an artistic form of nonverbal communication)`
Super-classes	DevisedStructuredActivity^c ProgramForPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value Dancing^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value Choreographer^c
Sub-classes	ChoreographySpecification^c

DanceStep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanceStep`
Description	A ''DanceStep'' is one to several ''Footstep''s of a Person in a specific sequence that is performed as part of a ''Dancing'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dance step' in WordNet: 1. dance step, step - (a sequence of foot movements that make up a particular dance; 'he taught them the waltz step')`
Super-classes	Ambulation^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Dancing^c
Sub-classes	Moonwalking^c

Dancer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dancer`
Description	A ''Dancer'' is a Person who is dancing at the moment, or who habitually or professionally dances. `Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'dancer' in WordNet: 1. (8) dancer, professional dancer, terpsichorean - (a performer who dances) 2. dancer, social dancer - (a person who participates in a social gathering arranged for dancing (as a ball))`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Dancing^c
Sub-classes	Stripper^c BalletDancer^c

Dancing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dancing`
Description	Moving the body rhythmically. COSMO note: this is an Event in which one or more people dance for some interval of time. In Cyc this is called 'DancingProcess-Human'. This is not a FunctionalProcess. As of version 0.65, animal dancing is not included in COSMO. This type may refer to a single person dancing, or to a GroupOfPeople dancing. Cyc: A specialization of #$DancingProcess. Each instance of this collection is a dance performed by a human. Such events might occur during a recreational event (such as a #$Dance-Party), or a professional dancer's #$EntertainmentPerformance. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and noun sense 3 of 'dance' in WordNet: 2. (14) dance, trip the light fantastic, trip the light fantastic toe - (move in a pattern; usually to musical accompaniment; do or perform a dance; 'My husband and I like to dance at home to the radio') WN noun 'dance': 3. (2) dancing, dance, terpsichore, saltation - (taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music)
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c PerformingArtActivity^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value HumanBody^c
Sub-classes	StripTeaseShow^c ChoreographedDancing^c SocialDancing^c

DandelionPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DandelionPlant

Description

CYC: The collection of all Dandelion plants.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dandelion' in WordNet:
         1. (1) dandelion, blowball - 
            (any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum 
             having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves 
             and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls)

Super-classes Wildflower^c

Dangerous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dangerous`
Description	An attribute of dangerous situations or dangerous things, i.e. those presenting a significant risk of bodily injury. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'risky', snese 1 of 'hazardous', and sense 1 of 'dangerous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hazardous, risky, wild - (involving risk or danger; 'skydiving is a hazardous sport'; 'extremely risky going out in the tide and fog'; 'a wild financial scheme') 1. (23) dangerous, unsafe - (involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm; 'a dangerous criminal'; 'a dangerous bridge'; 'unemployment reached dangerous proportions') WN adj 'perilous': 1. (4) parlous, perilous, precarious, touch-and-go - (fraught with danger; 'dangerous waters'; 'a parlous journey on stormy seas'; 'a perilous voyage across the Atlantic in a small boat'; 'the precarious life of an undersea diver'; 'dangerous surgery followed by a touch-and-go recovery')
Super-classes	Undesirable^c Risky^c
Sub-classes	Dire^c Suicidal^c Malignant^c LifeThreatening^c Deadly^c

DangerousAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DangerousAnimal`
Description	Any animal that is dangerous to people, in the sense of being able to inflict signicant harm.
Super-classes	DangerousTangibleThing^c
Sub-classes	Bear^c Leopard^c BigCat^c Tiger^c

DangerousPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DangerousPlace`
Description	Any Place that is dangerous - being there presents a risk of bodily harm. `Corresponds to sense 4 of 'danger' in WordNet: 4. (1) danger - (a dangerous place; 'He moved out of danger')`
Super-classes	DangerousThing^c Place^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dangerous^c

DangerousSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DangerousSituation`
Description	A specialization of #$Situation. In each instance of #$DangerousSituation there is a significant risk of death, injury, or property damage. Instances of #$DangerousSituation which actually result in large numbers of deaths or injuries or large amounts of property damage, are instances of #$DisasterEvent. If a #$DangerousSituation naturally occurs, it is an instance of #$NaturalHazard. A 'DangerousSituation' is something that may cause a 'PersonalLoss' (which could be of any magnitude or extent); the restriction requires that the thing that could be lost be specified by the relation 'mayCause'. This is a situation that is notjust 'Risky' but also ''Undesirable''. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'danger' in WordNet, and is part of sense 4 (a dangerous place); sense 6 is indistinguishable from the other senses: in WordNet: 1. (18) danger - (the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury; 'you are in no danger'; 'there was widespread danger of disease') 4. (1) danger - (a dangerous place; 'He moved out of danger') 3. (6) danger - (a cause of pain or injury or loss; 'he feared the dangers of traveling by air')
Super-classes	Insecurity^c RiskySituation^c DangerousThing^c UndesirableSituation^c ProblemSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dangerous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c mayCause^op some (EventType^c or PersonalLoss^c)
Sub-classes	Drought^c Crisis^c Desperation^c LifeThreateningCondition^c TornadoAsEvent^c Vulnerability^c PossibleFutureDanger^c Emergency^c

DangerousSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DangerousSubstance`
Description	COSMO note: treated as a way to assign the attribute 'Dangerous' to substances. Every Substance that is dangerous is an instance of 'DangerousSubstance'.
Super-classes	ExistingStuffType^c DangerousThing^c
Sub-classes	LachrymationInducingStuff^c BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance^c

DangerousTangibleThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DangerousTangibleThing`
Description	$DangerousTangibleThings are those #$PartiallyTangibles which have some combination of density, size, material strength, etc., that makes them particularly efficient at transferring #$EnergyStuff in a way that it #$damages other #$PartiallyTangible things. The classic examples are those things whose #$typePrimaryFunction are to be #$instrument-UsedAsWeapon, namely #$Weapons. Simply being a spec of this collection does not imply that something is intended to be used to harm others; for example, #$Automobiles are #$DangerousTangibleThings even though that's hardly their #$typePrimaryFunction.
Super-classes	DangerousThing^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	CuttingDevice^c Cross-TortureDevice^c TornadoAsObject^c Crevasse^c DangerousAnimal^c FlameObject^c ExplosiveDevice^c Weapon^c

DangerousThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DangerousThing`
Description	COSMO note: treated as a way to assign the attribute 'Dangerous'. Everything that is dangerous is an instance of 'DangerousThing'. Note that a DangerousThing is not necessarily an UndesirableThing - it just needs to be attended with care. `Cyc: A specialization of #$Individual. Each instance of #$DangerousThing poses danger to either just humans or organisms in general. Important specializations include #$DangerousTangibleThing and #$DangerousSituation.`
Super-classes	SalientThing^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value InjuryCondition^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dangerous^c mayCause^op value LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	ThreateningDeath^c Hazard^c Earthquake^c DangerousTangibleThing^c DangerousSituation^c DangerousPlace^c Menace^c Starvation^c PotentialCBRNEThreat^c DangerousSubstance^c ExplosiveSubstance^c

Dangerously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dangerously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dangerously' in Wordnet: 1. (2) perilously, hazardously, dangerously - (in a dangerous manner; 'he came dangerously close to falling off the ledge')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Dangling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dangling`
Description	'Dangling'' is a ''HangingFromSomething'' which some object is hanging from and is being supported by another PhysicalObject, and is suspended by a (usually flexible) CordLike thread so that its end point can move in an arc when pushed, or if not obstructed by adjacent objects, it may rotate to some extent around the axis of its hanging.. NOTE: Objects held on a device with a ''Hook'' on the end can also be said to dangle when the hook is held by a compatible opening in the supporting object (e.g. a rod) above. Thus clothig items on a hook may dingle from the supporting rod. `The thing ''Dangling'' both ''isFlexiblySuspendedFrom'' and ''isConnectedByaFlexibleConnector'' to some SolidObject. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dangle' in WordNet: 1. (3) dangle, swing, drop - (hang freely; 'the ornaments dangled from the tree'; 'The light dropped from the ceiling')`
Super-classes	HangingFromSomething^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value SolidObject^c

DanglingFromTheHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanglingFromTheHand`
Description	''DanglingFromTheHand'' is a manner of 'HoldingWithHand'' in which the SolidObject held is attached to and supported by a (usually) flexible CordLike thread which is held in the Hand, allowing the held Object to 'dangle'. This may be done for various reasons, susch as holding a plumb line or dangling a toy object in front of a cat for play, or any other purpose. `Causing something to hang in a dangling manner from some object other than the hand itself is a ''DanglingSomethingFromAnObject'', a subtype of ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dangle' in WordNet: 2. (2) dangle - (cause to dangle or hang freely; 'He dangled the ornaments from the Christmas tree')`
Super-classes	HoldingWithHand^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Dangling^c

DanglingSomethingFromAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanglingSomethingFromAnObject`
Description	''DanglingSomethingFromAnObject'' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' in such a manner that the thing placed is attached to and supported by some part (e.g. a ''Hook'') or an attached ''CordlikeObject'' that allows it to move freely while hanging from the support. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'dangle' in WordNet: 2. (2) dangle - (cause to dangle or hang freely; 'He dangled the ornaments from the Christmas tree')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Dangling^c

Danish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Danish`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Danish' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Danish - (of or relating to or characteristic of Denmark or the Danes; 'Danish furniture')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

DanishPastry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanishPastry`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'danish pastry' in WordNet: 1. danish, danish pastry - (light sweet yeast-raised roll usually filled with fruits or cheese)`
Super-classes	SweetRoll^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Yeast-Raised^c

DanishPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanishPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dane' in WordNet: 1. (1) Dane - (a native or inhabitant of Denmark)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denmark^c

Dare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dare`
Description	A Challenge from one person to a second person conveying an opinion that the second person will not perform a risky activity. It is conveyed by phrases such as 'I dare you to do ..." `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dare' in WordNet: 1. dare, daring - (a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy; 'he could never refuse a dare')`
Super-classes	Challenge^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some RiskyAction^c

Daredevil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daredevil`
Description	A ''Daredevil'' is an ''Adventurer'' who performs very risky Actions for Sport or to entertain others, or just for the challenge. `NOTE: the WN synset includes terms such as 'lunatic' that do not apply to this type, where the risks are taken for rational purposes. ''Hothead'' would be a different type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'daredevil' in WordNet: 1. daredevil, madcap, hothead, swashbuckler, lunatic, harum-scarum - (a reckless impetuous irresponsible person)`
Super-classes	Adventurer^c RiskTaker^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Reckless^c

Daring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daring

Description

The AttributeValue exhibited by someone who knowingly performs a RiskyAction. (performs a 'DaringToDoSomething' Action)

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'daring' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) audacious, daring, venturesome, venturous - (disposed to venture or take risks;
            'audacious visions of the total conquest of space'; 
            'an audacious interpretation of two Jacobean dramas'; 
            'the most daring of contemporary fiction writers'; 'a venturesome investor';
            'a venturous spirit')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DaringToDoSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DaringToDoSomething`
Description	''DaringToDoSomething'' is a ''TakingAction'' where there is some element of risk in performing that action `This differs from parent ''RiskyAction'' in that this specifically refers to the Action of an agent who initiates the risk-taking. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dare' in WordNet: 2. (10) dare - (to be courageous enough to try or do something; 'I don't dare call him', 'she dares to dress differently from the others')`
Super-classes	ExhibitingDaring^c RiskyAction^c TakingAction^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Daring^c agentHasAttribute^op value Courageous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Risky^c
Sub-classes	MountainClimbing^c

DaringaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DaringaPerson`
Description	A communication in which one person dares another to do something. The something does not necessarily involve any action on the part of the person issuing the dare. `Issuing a Dare usually suggests that the person being dared would not perform the action without such prodding (because of the risk, and perhaps because it has no value to the person being dared other than to exhibit courage.) How to express this??? This corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dare' in WordNet: 3. (3) defy, dare - (challenge; 'I dare you!')`
Super-classes	ChallengingaPerson^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Dare^c

Dark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dark`
Description	Dark is an AttributeValue of an Object or Place that has a low level of illumination, making it hard to see. This is not an attribute of a color. `For a Dark color attribute, use 'DarklyColored' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dark' in WordNet: 1. (50) dark - (devoid of or deficient in light or brightness; shadowed or black; 'sitting in a dark corner'; 'a dark day'; 'dark shadows'; 'dark as the inside of a black cat')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Darker^c

DarkBlondeColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DarkBlondeColor`
Description	''DarkBlondeColor'' is the color of human ''HeadHair'' that is intermediate between ''BlondeColor'' and ''"BrownColor''. Close in value to ''LightBrown''.
Super-classes	HairColorValue^c Yellowish^c Brownish^c

DarkBluishGray-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DarkBluishGray-Color`
Description
Super-classes	GrayColor^c IndigoColor^c SlateColor^c

DarkMatter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DarkMatter

Description

'DarkMatter' is a PhysicalSubstance that is detected in cosmoological observations, but does not appear to interact with other matter other than by gravity..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dark matter' in WordNet:
          1. dark matter - ((cosmology) a hypothetical form of matter that is believed to 
            make up 90 percent of the matter in the universe; it is invisible (does not absorb 
            or emit light) and does not collide with atomic particles but exerts gravitational force)

Super-classes PhysicalSubstance^c

DarkRed-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DarkRed-Color`
Description	COSMO note: some Cyc parents (garnet and maroon) have been moved to subtypes. This is closer to the 'color region' notion of color attribute subclassing.
Super-classes	LakeColor^c Red^c RubyColor^c
Sub-classes	GarnetColor^c BeetRed^c MaroonColor^c

Darkened^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darkened`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'darkened' in Wordnet: 2. darkened - (become or made dark by lack of light; 'a darkened house'; 'the darkened theater')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Charred^c

Darkening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darkening`
Description	''Darkening'' is an Event in which some Object or Place becomes or is caused to become ''Darker''(less light or a color closer to black) `Includes transitive and intransitive senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'darken' in WordNet: 1. (4) darken - (become dark or darker; 'The sky darkened') 2. (1) darken, dim - (become or make darker; 'The screen darkened'; 'He darkened the colors by adding brown') 4. darken - (make dark or darker; 'darken a room')`
Super-classes	CausingaColorChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Darker^c
Sub-classes	Blackening^c

Darker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darker`
Description	''Darker'' is a subtype of ''Dark'' that characterizes objects (or dimly lighted Places) that have a deeper color (closer to black,further from white) than the reference object in focus.
Super-classes	Dark^c DarklyColored^c
Sub-classes	PitchDark^c

Darkly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darkly

Description

''Darkly'' is an AdverbOfManner that modifies an Action that was performed in a glowering (''Morose'') manner.

      Indistinguishable in WN from ''Glumly'' or ''Dourly''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'darkly' in WordNet:
          2. darkly - (in a dark glowering menacing manner; 'he stared darkly at her')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

DarklyColored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DarklyColored`
Description	The AttributeValue exhibited by an Object or Substance that is not white or transparent, and has a deep hue. The English word may be used alone, or to modify some specific color and this sense canlso be used in combination for the same purpose. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'dark' in WordNet: 2. (27) dark - ((used of color) having a dark hue; 'dark green'; 'dark glasses'; 'dark colors like wine red or navy blue')`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	Darker^c

Darkness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darkness`
Description	''Darkness'' is an ''EnvironmentalSituation'' in which there is a very low level or complete absence of ''VisibleLight''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'darkness' in Wordnet: 1. (20) dark, darkness - (absence of light or illumination)`
Super-classes	Absence^c EnvironmentalCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value VisibleLight^c

Darkroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darkroom`
Description	A ''Darkroom''' is a Room in a structure that is used permanently or temporarily to provide a space where there is ligttle or no light except for dim red light, so that photosensitive photographic film can be developed without damaging the images by stray light. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'darkroom' in WordNet: 1. darkroom - (a room in which photographs are developed)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value DevelopingFilm^c

Darning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darning`
Description	''Darning'' is a ''SewingByHand'' performed on an object for the purpose of repairing a hole. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'darn' in WordNet: 1. (1) darn - (repair by sewing; 'darn socks') WN noun 'darning': 1. darning - (the act of mending a hole in a garment with crossing threads)`
Super-classes	RepairingEvent^c ModifyingAnArtifact^c SewingByHand^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Thread^c

Dart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dart

Description

A ''Dart'' is a small ''Projectile'', having a front point shaped like a needle, and an elongated body with feather-like vanes at the rear end to stabilze them in flight. This is the kind of ''Dart'' used in the game of 'darts',thrown at a 'dart board'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dart' in WordNet:
          1. dart - (a small narrow pointed missile that is thrown or shot)

Super-classes PointyEndedObject^c
Projectile^c

DartBoard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DartBoard

Description

A ''DartBoard'' is a ''GameBoard'' that serves as a ''Target'' at which ''Dart''s are thrown. It has a semirigid front surface that can be penetrated by the needle-like front end and will then hold the propelled darts at the point where they hit the board.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dart board' in WordNet:
        1. dartboard, dart board - (a circular board of wood or cork used as the target in the game of darts)

Super-classes GameBoard^c
Target^c

Darting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darting

Description

The type of action in which a small animal moves rapidly, possibly changing course frequently.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dart' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) flit, flutter, fleet, dart - (move along rapidly and lightly; 
            skim or dart; 'The hummingbird flitted among the branches')

Super-classes Rushing^c

Darts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darts`
Description	''Darts'' is a ''BoardGame'' in which ''Dart''s are propelled (thrown) by hand toward a ''DartBoard'' that has markings to indicate positions with different score values. `This is the specification. The execution of this game is represented by ''PlayingDarts''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'darts' in WordNet: 1. darts - (a game in which small pointed missiles are thrown at a dartboard)`
Super-classes	BoardGame^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value PlayingDarts^c

Darwinian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Darwinian`
Description	''Darwinian'' is a subattribute of ''Evolutionary''pertaining to the characteristics of ''BiologicalEvolution'' proposed by Charles Darwin, or to Darwin himself.
Super-classes	Evolutionary^c

Dashboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dashboard`
Description	A ''Dashboard'' is an ''InstrumentPanel'' that is located in front of the ''Driver'' of an airplane or land vehicle, located directly in front of the Drver for easy visibility.. In addition to ''DisplayDevice''s the Dashboard usually has some control knobs, such as for a radio or a heater/air conditioner. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dashboard' in WordNet: 2. dashboard - (instrument panel on an automobile or airplane containing dials and controls)`
Super-classes	VehiclePart^c ManufacturedGoods^c ElectricalDevice^c InstrumentPanel^c
Restrictions	wasVisibleTo^op value Driver^c isDirectlyInFrontOf^op value Driver^c

Dashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dashing`
Description	A quick form of running, as though in haste. This term is usually applied to people, but can be aplied to animals: 'dashing through the snow . . .' For most people who are not practiced runners, this pace can usually only be maintained for a short distance. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dash' in WordNet: 1. (7) dart, dash, scoot, scud, flash, shoot - (run or move very quickly or hastily; "She dashed into the yard")`
Super-classes	Running^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c)

Data^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Data`
Description	A Group of one or more ''Datum''s (pieces of information), produced by by one or more acts of ''Observing''. `NOTE: the plural term 'data' is often used (ungrammatically) in the singular sense. " describes " Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'data' in Wordnet: 1. (76) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data')`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c Group^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op only (Investigation^c or InformationGathering^c or Observing^c or SensingByaDevice^c) hasComponentElement^op only Datum^c
Sub-classes	SensorSignal^c QuantitativeData^c

DataAnalysis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DataAnalysis`
Description	DataAnalysis is a form of research in which a body of data are analyzed to discover information in the data patterms that is not evident directly from the indivudal facts recorded in the data. One form of data analysis is statistical analsysis, as in epidemiological studies.
Super-classes	AnalyzingSomething^c Research^c Evaluating^c
Restrictions	hadObjectAnalyzed^op some Data^c
Sub-classes	Surveying^c StatisticalAnalysis^c EpidemiologicalStudy^c

DataCompression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DataCompression`
Description	'DataCompression' is the act of modifying some data in textual or digital form to make it more compact and to requires less space for storage in some digital medium or to make transmission require less time. NOTE that this does not change a PhysicalObject, it takes the information that may be represented by a PhysialObject (e.g. a Book-Physical) and makes an AbstractDigitalObject that contains the same information in a smaller form. NOTE also that some compression methods may be 'lossy', so not all of the original information may be recoverable. This is not for encrypting, to make data less easily interpreted - that is represented by ''Encoding''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'compression' in WordNet: 3. compression - (encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required)
Super-classes	AdaptingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op only (AbstractText^c or AbstractDigitalObject^c) produces^op value AbstractDigitalObject^c uses^op value DigitalComputer^c

DataFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DataFile`
Description	A ''DataFile'' is an abstract ''Record'' that can have a physical representation in some physical documents or computer 'file's, in any recording medium. `NOTE: this is interpreted as any organized abstract 'recording' of information, whether representing text or images or sound or other forms of perceptible information. NOTE: this same WN synset is used for physical files - see ''PaperFile''. Corresponds to part (for abstract files) of noun sense 1 of 'data file' in WordNet: 1. file, data file - (a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together)`
Super-classes	Record^c
Sub-classes	ComputerFile-Abstract^c

DataPacket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DataPacket`
Description	A 'DataPacket' is an ''AbstractDigitalObject'' consisting of a relatively small amount of data that is transferred between computers or computers and ''Router''s during data transmission over a Network. The individual packets are received and recombined by the receiving computer to form the whole file being transferred. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'packet' in WordNet: 2. packet - ((computer science) a message or message fragment)`
Super-classes	AbstractDigitalObject^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value ComputerFile-Abstract^c

Database^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Database`
Description	A Database is any structured data source called a database, which must have at least one table, and must be 'indexed' in some way, which could be just having tables with unique keys. It is not necessarily a relational database - one table could be called a database. In Cyc labeled: 'Database-AbstractContent' Cyc: The collection of all databases considered as abstract repositories of information rather than as physical storage devices. A database generally has some means of accessing the data from structured records, frames or relational structures, using some query language. A particular #$Database-AbstractContent may exist in multiple copies, and may be distributed over several different physical data storage sites: see also #$Database-Physical. NOTE that a Database can serve as a Topic, and therefore as a 'Context'. This is because a term in a Database may have a meaning peculiar to or constrained by its presence in that database. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'database' in Wordnet: 1. database - (an organized body of related information)
Super-classes	IndexedInformationSource^c DatabaseEntity^c Topic^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only DatabaseTable^c
In domain of	hasConstraint^op hasTable^op
In range of	hasDatabase^op isAnAdministratorForDatabase^op isaTableInDB^op

DatabaseAdministrator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseAdministrator`
Description	A DatabaseAdministrator the person who is primarily responsible for the administration of a Database. This may or may not be the creator of the Database, but a default might be that the creator and administrator are the same person.
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
In domain of	isAnAdministratorForDatabase^op

DatabaseConstraint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseConstraint`
Description	A DatabaseConstraint is a rule that specifies that entries into specific fields must have certain characteristics, or that certain relations must apply between specific fields. Constraints are used to verify the validity of data entered into a database, to the extent that it is possible to predict ahead of time what values the data must have and the relations among them.
Super-classes	Rule^c DatabaseEntity^c
In range of	hasConstraint^op

DatabaseCreation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseCreation`
Description	''DatabaseCreation'' is any step in the creation of a 'database' in any format, not necessarily a formal relational database.
Super-classes	DatabaseTransaction^c CreatingaRepresentation^c

DatabaseEntity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseEntity`
Description	A DatabaseEntity is any database, combination of databases, or part of a database: a database table, database table column or row, or database element (e.g. a cell which is the intersection of a row and a column). Also, restrictions are parts of the database. `NOTE that to use the ontology as an index into a Database, it will be necessary to (1) represent in the ontology each element of the Database; and (2) create pointers in both cirections from the represented database entities to entities in the ontology. NOTE that for flexibility each DatabaseEntity can serve as a Context, but it is likely that the only DatabaseEntities that will be used as Contexts will be the DatabaseGroups and Databases.`
Super-classes	Context^c StructuredInformationSource^c
Sub-classes	DatabaseTableCell^c DatabaseTableColumn^c DatabaseTable^c Database^c DatabaseConstraint^c DatabaseGroup^c DatabaseTableColumnGroup^c DatabaseSubtable^c DatabaseRecord^c

DatabaseGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseGroup`
Description	A DatabaseGroup is a group of databases maintained by the same agent, treating topics that are related to some interest of that Agent. The databses maintained by some organization, such as a business, could form such a DatabaseGroup. But if different sets of database maintained by one organization treat totally different topics, they will not necesarily form a DatabaseGroup. A DatabaseGroup could also be formed from multiple Databases in more than one Organization. This category of DatabaseGroup provides the flexibility to aggregate any set of Databases into an integrated conceptual unit - which can serve as a formal Context and provide an integrated Context within which reasoning and data storage can be performed. NOTE that a DatabaseGroup can serve as a Context. (something that can affect the meaning of a term or assertion) because a term in a DatabaseGroup may have a meaning peculiar to or constrained by its presence in those databases. See also 'Context' Defining a DatabaseGroup as a context provides one mechanism to include Context in an OWL ontology while still keeping the assertions to RDF triples. The appearance of any assertion that involves an entity from a DatabaseGroup can be assumed to be true only within the Context that is represented by that DatabaseGroup. NOTE that a DatabaseGroup must have at least one Database defined as a Component entity, but the DatabaseGroup may also contain other component entities, such as global constraints that apply across the DatabaseGroup. This is true as of COSMO version 0.32. Possibly, membership in the group may be restricted to Databases, and constraints can be related by a relation on the Group - at this point the best mechanism is unclear.
Super-classes	IndexedInformationSource^c DatabaseEntity^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Database^c
In domain of	hasDatabase^op

DatabasePrefix^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabasePrefix

Description

A 'DatabasePrefix' is a name (string of legitimate entity name characters) that is intended to be used to identify a specific database and to be used to generate unique names for each instance of a database in the ontology.

 NOTE: because underscore is used in DB table and field names, the
 prefix should have two underscores at the end and the composed table and field names 
 should have two underscores as separators of the elements of
 each name.

Super-classes NamespacePrefix^c

DatabaseRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseRecord`
Description	A DatabaseRecord is one Row ('record') in a Table which is part of a Database. The Row will often represent a set of facts about some individual entity, of the type labeled by the Table name, and the individual cells in that row will represent the values of the attributes or pointers to other entities that are related to the entity represented by that row. NOTE that in COSMO a Databaserecord is considered as a LinguisticAssertion, being an assertion of one or more facts about an an entity. One record in an 'Employees' table may represent one (current) employee in an organization. In that case the fields will represent attributes of the Employee related to his/her employment. A single record might also represent an Event, such as a sales event. A single record might also represent one time point in a history of a single Entity, indicating, for example, where a particular airplane was at different times during a journey. In order to be a unique term in the ontology, the actual record (row) name will be prefixed by a symbol (unique as a DB column prefix) indicating the Database and DatabaseTable in which the DatabaseRecord occurs. The record (row) identifier will be aunique identifier which is either a single value serving as a one-column master key, or the full set of keys required to uniquely identify the row The Row identifier may be simply a unique ID, or it might be some other string unique to an individual entity, such as a serial number (for a product) or a telephone number (for an individual)
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c RowOfObjects^c DatabaseEntity^c
Sub-classes	SecurityRecord^c
In domain of	recordWasCreatedBy^op isaRowInDBTable^op recordWasCreatedByAsString^op
In range of	hasRowName^op

DatabaseSearching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseSearching`
Description	A specialization of #$ElectronicDataSearching. Each instance of #$DatabaseSearching is an event in which a computer is used to search for information in a database.
Super-classes	DatabaseTransaction^c ElectronicDataSearching^c UsingADevice^c ComputerActivity^c

DatabaseSubtable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseSubtable`
Description	A DatabaseSubtable is a portion of a DatabaseTable consisting of some subset of the records (rows) of some DatabaseTable. This Type is needed when some DatabaseTable is used to represent more than one Type of entity (see MultipleEntityTable). A DatabaseSubtable would be a virtual table, not represented as such in the database itself, whose column names are identical to the column names for the MultipleEntityTable from which it was extracted. A DatabaseTable should be specifically represented in a database as a physical table or a view. A DatabaseSubtable is constructed only in the process of mapping an ontology to a Database, and is not represented as such in the database itself. There may be tables representing multiple entities for which a Subtable cannot be recognized: the records that represent one Type in a Subtable must be recognizable by the value in some field in the whole DatabaseTable. For example, a table that represents the characteristics of people and non-human animals might have a special field labeled 'BorH', which distinguishes humans from Beasts (non-human animals), and for humans, the value in that field would be 'H', and for Beasts the value would be 'B'. There might be columns that are not used for Beast, and likewise columns not used for Human. Concatenating types like this may only be useful when there are multiple columns (fields) that are shared by the different types. In these cases, one field may in fact have multiple interpretations, differing for each type represented. See also the relation 'tableCorrespondsToEntities'. The entities may be Types or Relations in the ontology. The columns (fields) of the table may correspond to attributes of the entity represented, or to relations that that entity has to other entities in the database. When a field (column) is intended as a Relation, the column will in general be a ForeignKey whose value will be a PrimaryKey in some other table in the Database. The rows (records.tuples) of a DatabaseTable will usually represent one or more assertions (attributes, column values) about some individual entity (often an instance of a Type in the ontology). There may be many different assertions about the same individual, each assertion taking up one record. The multiple assertions may specify, for example, how a particular attribute of an individual (a bank account balance, for example) changes over time; or a record may represent some particular event such as a financial transaction, of which there may be many examples.
Super-classes	List^c DatabaseEntity^c
Restrictions	hasColumnName^op some DatabaseTableColumn^c
In range of	correspondsToDB_Subtable^op

DatabaseTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseTable`
Description	A DatabaseTable is a Table which is part of a Database. A single Table may be intended to represent only one or more than one type of entity; see the relations 'tableCorrespondsToEntity' and 'tableCorrespondsToEntities'. The entities may be Types or Relations in the ontology. The columns (fields) of the table may correspond to attributes of the entity represented, or to relations that that entity has to other entities in the database. When a field (column) is intended as a Relation, the column will in general be a ForeignKey whose value will be a PrimaryKey in some other table in the Database. A DatabaseTable should be specifically represented in a database as a physical table or a view. By contrast, a DatabaseSubtable is constructed only in the process of mapping an ontology to a Database, and is not represented as such in the database itself. The rows (records.tuples) of a DatabaseTable will usually represent one or more assertions (attributes, column values) about some individual entity (often an instance of a Type in the ontology). There may be many different assertions about the same individual, each assertion taking up one record. The multiple assertions may specify, for example, how a particular attribute of an individual (a bank account balance, for example) changes over time; or a record may represent some particular event such as a financial transaction, of which there may be many examples. NOTE: in Cyc there are two kinds of tables, those that represent entities one per column, and those that don't. In COSMO we do not yet (v0.48) make that distinction. (From Doug Lenat): In object oriented databases and many relational databases, tables often correspond to natural classes of objects in the world, and the rows of such tables may implicitly denote the objects of the class. In such cases, the table's primary key provides an identifier that may be used to uniquely distinguish between objects of the class, in addition to merely distinguishing between rows of a table. We distinguish such tables by assigning to them a special type of logical schema, called an object defining schema, which is denoted in CycL by the collection #$ObjectDefiningSchema, a specialization or subcollection of the collection #$LogicalSchema.
Super-classes	DatabaseEntity^c TwoDimensionalTable^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some Database^c
Sub-classes	AlternativesTable^c MultipleEntityTable^c Spreadsheet^c CodeTable^c
In domain of	tableHasName^dp hasRowName^op columnIsKeyToTable^op hasSecondaryKeyColumn^op isaTableInDB^op tableHasUniqueKeyColumn^op hasPrimaryKeyColumn^op tableCorrespondsToEntity^op hasForeignKeyColumn^op
In range of	hasTable^op correspondsToDB_Table^op isaRowInDBTable^op

DatabaseTableCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseTableCell`
Description	A DatabaseTableCell is one cell in a DB,the intersection of a column and row in a DatabaseTable. The value of the cell could be any kind of ontological entity. The Cell will be named uniquely by concatenation of the DB code, the Table name, the column name, and the key (or code for the key) that selects the row, in that order. This can get complicated, especially if the key consists of more than one field value.
Super-classes	DatabaseEntity^c
In domain of	cellValueHasStringRepresentation^dp

DatabaseTableColumn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseTableColumn`
Description	A DatabaseTableColumn is a Column name in a Table which is part of a Database. In order to be a unique term in the ontology, the actual table name will be prefixed by a symbol (unique as a DB column prefix) indicating the Database and DatabaseTable in which the DatabaseTableColumn occurs. The symbol will be separated from the actual column name by an underscore (perhaps a different symbol will be used in the future). To extract the actual column name, a method will find the first underscore and extract the remainder of the column name string. The Column name will often represent some attribute or a relation on the type of entity which the table represents, The type of entity that can be represented in the column cells may or may not be specified. Since column names may be highly redundant, the column name in a specific database should have a prefix indicating the database and table in which the column resides.
Super-classes	RowOfObjects^c DatabaseEntity^c List^c
In domain of	columnValuesAreCodeInCodeTable^op hasColumnConstraint^dp columnIsForeignKey^dp columnValuesHaveUnit^op columnIsaPrimaryKey^dp quantifiesMeasure^op columnCorrespondsToRelation^op columnValuesHaveAttributeType^op columnHasName^dp columnValuesHaveType^op hasIdenticalField^op isaColumnInDBTable^op columnIsIndexed^dp columnHasDefaultValue^dp columnIsKeyToTable^op columnHasConversions^op columnHasFormat^dp columnValuesAreCodeInCodeList^op
In range of	correspondsToTableColumns^op correspondsToDB_Column^op tableHasUniqueKeyColumn^op hasPrimaryKeyColumn^op hasColumnName^op hasDistinguishingColumn^op hasForeignKeyColumn^op hasIdenticalField^op hasSecondaryKeyColumn^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nullCol

DatabaseTableColumnGroup^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseTableColumnGroup

Description

A DatabaseTableColumnGroup is a List (not a Group) of DatabaseTableColumns in one or more DatabaseTables which are part of a Database (or in some cases, multiple Databases within a DatabaseGroup). In some complex DatabaseTables several of the included columns may be intended to represent an Entity - a common example is a pair of columns representing a measurement, one column containing the quantifier (e.g. a number) and the second being the Unit of Measure. Two or more columns (fields) in a table may correspond to an ontology relation that has an arity greater than 2.

    Because each DatabaseTableColumn has
    a unique name in an ontology, it is also possible to 
    map an entity to multiple parts of multiple tables in
    multiple databases.

Super-classes List^c
DatabaseEntity^c

DatabaseTableRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseTableRecord`
Description	Another term for 'DatabaseRecord'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

DatabaseTableRow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseTableRow`
Description	Another term for 'DatabaseRecord'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

DatabaseTransaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseTransaction`
Description	A ''DatabaseTransaction'' is any operation on a ''Database'' that enters, modifies, or retrieves data.
Super-classes	ComputerProgramExecution^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Database^c hadThingAffected^op value Database^c
Sub-classes	DatabaseUpdate^c DatabaseSearching^c DatabaseCreation^c

DatabaseUpdate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DatabaseUpdate`
Description	''DatabaseUpdate'' is the addition to or modification of some datum in a ''Database''.
Super-classes	DatabaseTransaction^c Updating^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value DatabaseRecord^c

Date^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date`
Description	A ''Date'' is a ''Appointment'' for two people or two couples to meet socially so as to become better acquainted and explore possible romantic relations, and/or just enjoy each others' company. No more than four (double date). `WN does not distinguish between an appointment for a date (' have a date on Friday') an/d the actual date Event ('J and I had a date at the Zip cafe'). The noun sense 3 is referenced for both meanings in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'date' in WordNet: WN noun 'date': 3. (104) date, appointment, engagement - (a meeting arranged in advance; 'she asked how to avoid kissing at the end of a date')`
Super-classes	Appointment^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op only Dating^c

DateMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateMark`
Description	A ''DateMark''' is a ''TextMarking'' that represents a ''DateOrTime'' on the surface of some SolidObject. This can be, for example, for documents, indicating the date on which the document was created or signed, or for ArtifactObjects, indicating the date on which the object was created, or when its utility expires.
Super-classes	TextMarking^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value DateOrTime^c

DateOrTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateOrTime`
Description	Because the 'DateOrTime' at any given location depends on the 'TimeZone', the 'TimeZone' should be specified; however, this may be implicit and the TimeZone is not required by the restriction. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'date' in WordNet: 7. (26) date - (the particular day, month, or year (usually according to the Gregorian calendar)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasReferenceTime^op only TimeZone^c
Sub-classes	CalendarDate^c MonthAndYear^c DateTime^c Year^c

DateStamped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateStamped

Description

''DateStamped'' is an attribute of some Object bearing a ''DateMark'', applied in any manner (including signed or inscribedor printed),not necessarily 'stamped on'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'dated' in Wordnet:
          2. dated - (bearing a date; 'dated and stamped documents')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DateTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateTime`
Description	DateTime is a temporal location which is a time interval on the Universal time line, which is referenced to some point in historical time. To represent a TimePoint, the corresponding DateTimePoint can be used. The time interval may be represented explicitly or implilcitly. The time interval can be represented explicitly by specifying both the beginning and ending of the interval using the relations relations 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint'. When specifying time intervals by instances of this category, the time interval may also be represented implicitly by taking advantage of the 'truncation' formalism: If only the date is specified, the time interval is one day starting at 00:00 of the date If date, hours, and minutes are specified, the time interval is one minute starting at the beginning of the minute specified. If date, hours, minutes, and seconds are specified, the time interval is the length of time starting at the beginning of the second or fraction specified, and extending up to the time point that would be represented by increasing the last digit of the time. Thus, for time interval 2007-02-22T12:33:35.95 the interval starts at point 2007-02-22T12:33:35.95 and ends at the beginning of interval 2007-02-22T12:33:35.96 ans lasts for one-hundredth of a second. NOTE: if one wants to specify that some Event occurred before a TimePoint, one needs only specify 'hasEndingTimePoint'; if one wants to specify that some Event occurred after a TimePoint, one needs only specify 'hasStartingTimePoint'; A DateTime with only one of the two endpoints specified is interpreted as meaning 'before' or 'after' that time point, as the 'EndOfTime' or 'BeginningOfTime' may be inferred as the value of the alternative end point. The default format suggested allows representing both the date and the time inteval (point) within that date, and disambiguated time zone by either specifying the time zone or assuming Greenwich mean time (UTC or Zulu), but also assuming that the clock used is the NIST atomic clock signal. The length of the time interval may be explicitly specified by using the relations 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint' Relativistic effects on time, when relevant, must be handled by specifying the clock which is used to measure the time. This Type is the base conceptual type that should be assumed is intended when some specification of 'Time Stamp' or "datetime' is encountered in a data store. The string format in which a DateTime can be represented should at least support the WC3 standard which uses the format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sss where YYYY is the year MM is the month DD is the day of the month 'T' is the literal 'T' hh is the hour (24-hour clock) mm is the minute ss.sss is the seconds, which may or may not have a decimal fraction. From that reference, section 3.2.7: [Definition:] dateTime values may be viewed as objects with integer-valued year, month, day, hour and minute properties, a decimal-valued second property, and a boolean timezoned property. Each such object also has one decimal-valued method or computed property, timeOnTimeline, whose value is always a decimal number; the values are dimensioned in seconds, the integer 0 is 0001-01-01T00:00:00 and the value of timeOnTimeline for other dateTime values is computed using the Gregorian algorithm as modified for leap-seconds. The timeOnTimeline values form two related 'timelines', one for timezoned values and one for non-timezoned values. Each timeline is a copy of the 'value space' of decimal, with integers given units of seconds. The 'value space' of dateTime is closely related to the dates and times described in ISO 8601. For clarity, the text above specifies a particular origin point for the timeline. It should be noted, however, that schema processors need not expose the timeOnTimeline value to schema users, and there is no requirement that a timeline-based implementation use the particular origin described here in its internal representation. Other interpretations of the 'value space' which lead to the same results (i.e., are isomorphic) are of course acceptable. All timezoned times are Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, sometimes called 'Greenwich Mean Time'). Other timezones indicated in lexical representations are converted to UTC during conversion of literals to values. 'Local' or untimezoned times are presumed to be the time in the timezone of some unspecified locality as prescribed by the appropriate legal authority; currently there are no legally prescribed timezones which are durations whose magnitude is greater than 14 hours. The value of each numeric-valued property (other than timeOnTimeline) is limited to the maximum value within the interval determined by the next-higher property. For example, the day value can never be 32, and cannot even be 29 for month 02 and year 2002 (February 2002). Note: The date and time datatypes described in this recommendation were inspired by [ISO 8601]. '0001' is the lexical representation of the year 1 of the Common Era (1 CE, sometimes written "AD 1" or "1 AD"). There is no year 0, and '0000' is not a valid lexical representation. '-0001' is the lexical representation of the year 1 Before Common Era (1 BCE, sometimes written "1 BC"). Corresponds most closely to noun sense 7 of 'date' in WordNet, but includes the time: in WordNet: 7. (26) date - (the particular day, month, or year (usually according to the Gregorian calendar)
Super-classes	DateOrTime^c
Sub-classes	Deadline^c DateTimePoint^c
In range of	occursOnDate^op hasExpirationDate^op hasEstimatedTimeOfArrival^op hasDateOfIssuance^op

DateTimeExtendedGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateTimeExtendedGroup`
Description	A DateTimeExtendedGroup is a DateTimeString having at least 4 numerical characters, and possible one or two decimal points. The format described here is intended to allow use of an interpretable Date and time as the name of an instance in an ontology, by avoiding special characters that might be rejected in entity names by some ontology editors (such as '+'). The interpretation will depend on the length of the string. For time zones, Zulu (GMT, London Time) is the default unless specified by a 'Z' after the day and time. Any base string can be suffixed with 'Z' for ZULU time or 'ZN' or Z-N' for ZULU plus or minus some number of hours (if there is no hyphen after the 'Z', any number is interpreted as Zulu plus that number of hours. Zulu time references may have fractional hours, such as 'Z5.5' to allow for time zones that are one-half hour offset from a full hour. If hours are included, a 'T' must come after the day (similar to the usage in xsd datetime). The HH hour is always by a 24-hour clock, No suffix implies Zulu time. To create an ontology instance of TimeInterval with a unique name, use the prefix 'DTEG' in front of the number. In a database, the prefix can be omitted. We do not use the colon to separate the fields because that character is not accepted in the names of elements some ontology tools. If any era other than AD/BC (CE/BCE) is intended, it should use a different prefix than DTEG. Base String Length 4-5 chars YYYY or YYYYY Year only (but see NOTE1, below) 6 chars YYYYMM Year and month 8 chars YYYYMMDD Year, month, and day 13 chars YYYYMMDDTHHMM same as 'DateTimeGroup' when no 'Z' is present, but with a 'T' between the day and hour 15 chars YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minutes, Seconds > 15 chars YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS.xxxx same as 14 chars, with fractional seconds after the decimal point, or, if there are more than 8 digits before the 'T', the year field is extended beyond 9999; if a minus sign precedes the first digit, the year is interpreted as BC (BCE), but the dates and times are still of normal positive value within that year. The ides of March in 44 BC in Rome would be 'DTEG-00440315Z1'. COSMO note: This Type defines an abstract string, but the strings defined by this type can be used as surrogate labels for instances of TimeInterval, providing an opportunity for an interpreter to identify the intended time interval solely from the name of the instance. In that case, no instance of a time interval need actually be created, but the intended time interval can be identified by the format described in this Type. The implementation will have the option of interpreting a DTEG string as being a time interval. The format will be recognized by using a distinctive prefix, such as 'DTEG' for the name. This distinctive prefix is reserved as a unique instance of 'CodeListPrefix' in this ontology. An implementation should also reserve these prefixes, if possible. NOTE1: although the format listing above does not illustrate the format of years after 9999, an interpreter could adopt the convention that an odd number of digits (or of digits before the period) means that a year in the range 10000 to 99999 is being represented. For years beyond that point, including the 'T' after the day would be mandatory in the name,to avoid ambiguity about the length of the year field. A minus sign after the DTEG prefix and before the year means that the year should be interpreted as BC (BCE), though the months and days retain their same interpretation within that year. If it is quite certain that the represented dates will never be before 1 AD or after 9999, a hyphen or more than 14 digits plus a 'T' before the decimal could be interpreted as format errors.
Super-classes	DateTimeString^c
Sub-classes	DateTimeGroup^c
In range of	endsAt^op startsAt^op

DateTimeGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateTimeGroup`
Description	A DateTimeGroup is a DateTimeString having 12 numerical characters, formatted as YYYYMMDDHHMM: year, month, day, hour (24-hour clock) and minute, assumed to be in Zulu time (Greenwich mean time). No 'Z' suffix is permitted. `As an instance in the ontology, a DateTimeGroup would need a unique name. Any unique name would serve, but the letters 'DTGp' followed by the actual numbers could provide a perspicuous method to name such date-times when necessary.`
Super-classes	DateTimeExtendedGroup^c
In range of	hasLastEditDate^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTGp20190317

DateTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateTimeInterval`
Description	A DateTimeInterval consists of a pair of DateTimeString, each being a DatetimeExtendedGroup (DTEG). This can be used to represent a TimeInterval that includes the first DTEG and the last DTEG, and all times in between the two. Since a DTEG can have arbitrary precision, this can be used to specify time intervals at any level of precision. A prefix of 'DTI' (defined as the recomended CodeListPrefix for a DateTimeInterval) should be used. A hyphen (or two hyphens, for easier reading when a 'Z' is included) can be used in the name to separate the starting and ending DTEGs. The decade of the 1990's can be represented as: 'DTI19900101-19991231' (in London) 'DTI19900101Z-5--19991231Z-5' (in New York) For intervals of significant precision, the name of an instance could get quite long. If the length of the name required would be considered too long, the starting and ending time intervals can be referenced explicitly using the 'startsAt' and 'endsAt' relations, which take a DTEG as the value. NOTE: this type can also be used to represent a series of disconnected time intervals (an instance of 'ScatteredTemporalRegion'). There is no maximum cardinality restriction on the 'startsAt' and 'endsAt' relations, so multiple starts and ends will be interpreted as meanings that the time interval being represented has more than one discontinuous component.
Super-classes	DateTimeString^c
In domain of	startsAt^op endsAt^op

DateTimePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateTimePoint`
Description	The TimePoint which is at the beginning of the interval specified by a DateTime representation. This can be named by using the prefix 'BeginPointOf' as described in 'TimePoint'. This convention is adopted to allow a DateTime to specify a TimePoint as well as a TimeInterval. `For a specific time as represented on a clock (not including the date) use 'TimeOfDay'.`
Super-classes	TimePoint^c DateTime^c
Sub-classes	TimeOfAnEvent^c EndPointOfAnEvent^c

DateTimeString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateTimeString`
Description	A DateTimeString is a FormattedString representing a TimeInterval corresponding to a date, or some other conventional time interval (year, month, hour, niute), in any of various formats. The time interval may also correspond to a non-conventional interval whose starting and ending times are represented by strings in the 'DateTimeExtendedGroup' format. For specific formats see the subtypes. `NOTE in the restriction below that reification of the TimeInterval represented is not required. Depending on the implementation, the DateTimeString itself may contain enough information to make an actual instance of TimeInterval unnecessary.`
Super-classes	FormattedString^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	DateTimeExtendedGroup^c DateTimeInterval^c

Dated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dated

Description

''Dated'' characterizes something that not been used or practiced by most people in recent times. This implies a period of disuse much shorter than ''Antiquated''.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dated' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) dated - (marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past)

Super-classes Outdated^c

Dating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dating`
Description	A Meeting in which two or more (usually two) people get together for friendly personal social interaction (not for business), often with a view to exploring romantic or sexual relations. More than one couple may participate, as in a 'double date' involving two couples. This includes dates with people of the opposite sex or same sex, if the possibility of a romantic relationship is part of the motivation of at least one of the participants. NOTE this is the actual event of a date, not an 'appointment'for a date. This also includes double dating, so it is not restricted to two people. NOTE: the verb sense of social meeting is not included in Longman defining vocabulary. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 3 of 'date' in WordNet: 1. (1) date - (go on a date with; 'Tonight she is dating a former high school sweetheart') WN noun 'date': 3. (104) date, appointment, engagement - (a meeting arranged in advance; 'she asked how to avoid kissing at the end of a date')
Super-classes	Event-Organized^c SocialInteraction^c SocialOccurrence^c PromisedAction^c GoalSituation^c Meeting^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op value Date^c

Datum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Datum`
Description	A ''Fact'' produced by by some act of ''Observing'', used in reasoning about the RealWorld. Typically, a ''Datum'' is a simple logical sentence. For a less formal linguistic representation of data, use ''StatementOfFact''. However, a ''Datum'' can be a piece of ''Information-Content'' that is derived by a calculation on multiple simple facts derived from observation, such as the ''StandardDeviation''' of a distribution of data. This term is used for ''Fact''s that are used for reasoning or inference or in developing theories. The more commonly used plural is ''Data''. There is no easy distinction between a ''Fact'' and a ''Datum'' except in the intended usage. ''Datum'' is a ''Fact'' used in some process of reasoning. See ''Antecedent'', ''Consequent'', ''Premises'' and ''Axiom'' for other terms used in reasoning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'data' in Wordnet: 1. (8) datum, data point - (an item of factual information derived from measurement or research)
Super-classes	Fact^c Information-Content^c
Sub-classes	Statistic^c

Daubing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daubing

Description

''Daubing'' is a ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' where the 'stuff' applied is viscous enough to stick to a vertical surface and not run; paint would be the least viscous material used in ''Daubing''.. If runny, the stuff could be applied with ''Dabbing'' or ''Swabbing'' Action.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'daub' in WordNet:
          2. daub - (apply to a surface; 'daub paint onto the wall')

Super-classes ApplyingStuffToSurface^c

Daughter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daughter`
Description	The Role of a FemalePerson who is the child of another person. This includes all kinds of 'child' - biological, genetic, foster,adopted, etc. `NOTE that this is for a female ''ChildRole'' at any age. Includes Sense 1 of 'daughter' and sense 3 of 'girl' in WordNet: 1. (23) daughter, girl - (a female human offspring; 'her daughter cared for her in her old age')`
Super-classes	FemalePerson^c SonOrDaughter^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalDaughter^c IllegitimateChild^c

Daunting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daunting

Description

''Daunting'' is a more intensive level of ''Discouraging'', accompanied by ''fear' that may be caused by Intimidation.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'daunting' in Wordnet:
         1. daunting, intimidating - (discouraging through fear)

Super-classes Discouraging^c

Dawdling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dawdling`
Description	''Dawdling''' is a ''Delaying'' by some Person in performing some Action, usually a task or duty, `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'dawdle' in WordNet: 1. linger, dawdle - (take one's time; proceed slowly) 2. dally, dawdle - (waste time; 'Get busy-don't dally!')`
Super-classes	Delaying^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Slow^c

Day^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Day`
Description	The Class of all calendar Days - a location in time, not a TimeInterval. NOTE: subtypes of this type may represent individual calendar days, or recurring days such as days of the year or days of the week. A 'Day' starts at midnight (local time) and ends at Midnight. For the quantity of time in a 'Day' see 'OneDay' `NOTE: there is no sense of 'day' in WordNet that labels this concept, it is most closely labeled by 'date' noun sense 2: in Wordnet: 2. (119) date - (a particular day specified as the time something happens; 'the date of the election is set by law')`
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneDay^c
Sub-classes	Eve^c Someday^c Thanksgiving^c AnniversaryDay^c Workday^c CalendarDate^c Yesterday^c Tomorrow^c Sabbath^c Sunday^c Today^c Weekday^c Saturday^c HolidayDay^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG20010911Z-5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG19631122Z-6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG20160701Z-5

DayCare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DayCare`
Description	''DayCare'' is the Action of taking care of and guarding minor children who are not attending a school. This is a ServiceEvent that a Parent or legal guardian uses to keep the child well while the Parent is at work or otherwise busy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'day care' in WordNet: 1. daycare, day care - (childcare during the day while parents work)`
Super-classes	TakingCareOfaChild^c GuardingaChild^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op value HumanPreSchoolageChild^c occursAt^op value DayCareCenter^c

DayCareCenter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DayCareCenter`
Description	A place where children are looked after and taken care of while their parents or guardian works. `In WN a 'nursery' is a room, but this type can be a whole building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'day care center' in WordNet: 1. day nursery, day care center - (a nursery for the supervision of preschool children while the parents work)`
Super-classes	HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value DayCare^c hasIntendedPrimaryFunction^op some TakingCareOfaChild^c

DayDream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DayDream`
Description	This is the abstract representation of the result of a DayDreaming, containing a series of images and possibly accompanying sound. The physical Event of a DayDream is represented by 'DayDreaming'. This type provides a means to represent the specific images and sounds that are remembered and described after a Dreaming. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daydream' in WordNet: 1. reverie, revery, daydream, daydreaming, oneirism, air castle, castle in the air, castle in Spain - (absentminded dreaming while awake)`
Super-classes	MentalImagery^c AbstractVideo^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some DayDreaming^c

DayDreaming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DayDreaming`
Description	Having a thought process somewhat similar to a dream while while awake . In COSMO this is considered as intentional (under voluntary control). `Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'daydream' in WordNet (these appear to be separate only because of different parent types, but WN tends to eshchew multiple inheritance) in WordNet: 1. (1) dream, daydream, woolgather, stargaze - (have a daydream; indulge in a fantasy) 2. daydream, moon - (have dreamlike musings or fantasies while awake; 'She looked out the window, daydreaming')`
Super-classes	IntentionalMentalEvent^c Imagining^c
Restrictions	produced^op some DayDream^c

DayOfTheYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DayOfTheYear`
Description	A DayOfTheYear is any one of the 366 Days that have a specific month and day of the month. It can be referenced to any time zone. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calendar day' in WordNet: 1. calendar day, civil day - (a day reckoned from midnight to midnight)`
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	EquinoxDay^c SolsticeDay^c
In range of	isCelebratedOn^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#December16th http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#December25th

DayOfWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DayOfWork`
Description	A ''DayOfWork'' is an Action in which a Person performs the work expected to be performed during one day 'on the job'. This is usually paid, and traditionally at some workplace, but this type is general andcovers working aywhere for any single stretch of time typically considered a 'work day'.
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some PersonWithOccupation^c isaSubEventOf^op value JobSituation^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value CoffeeBreak^c typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value Workday^c

DayTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DayTime`
Description	Any TimeInterval that begins at Sunrise and ends at Sunset. This time interval includes the Sunrise time point, but does not include the Sunset time point. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daytime' in Wordnet: 1. (2) day, daytime, daylight - (the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside; 'the dawn turned night into day'; 'it is easier to make the repairs in the daytime')`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Sub-classes	Afternoon^c Morning^c Midday^c

DayType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DayType`
Description	''DayType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''Day''s, and can and an argument restriction for various relations on TimeInterval types. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	TimeIntervalType^c
Members	WhiteChristmas Weekday Wednesday Day Someday DayOfTheYear EasterHoliday YomKippur Tuesday Yesterday Saturday Friday Workday HolidayDay CalendarDate Eve CentennialDay Today Monday AnniversaryDay Tomorrow ChristmasHoliday Sabbath Thursday Sunday

Daylight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Daylight`
Description	The light that comes from the sun (''Sol'') and is seen in the sky during daytime.. `CY: The light of day. In #$WeatherMt #$DayLight is the light of daytime, even in the shade. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'daylight' in WordNet: 2. (2) daylight - (light during the daytime)`
Super-classes	SunLight^c VisibleLight^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Sky^c isEmittedBy^op value Sky^c isEmittedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c

Days^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Days

Description

This sense of ''Days'' represents the 'Times'' during which some Person lived or held a prominent position. 'Shakespeares' days' 'Rooseveldt's days'

          Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'days' in WordNet:
            1. (1) days, years - (the time during which someone's life continues;
              "the monarch's last days"; "in his final years")

Super-classes Times^c

Dazed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dazed

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dazed' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) dazed, stunned, stupefied, stupid - (in a state of mental numbness 
            especially as resulting from shock; 'he had a dazed expression on his face';
            'lay semiconscious, stunned (or stupefied) by the blow'; 'was stupid from fatigue')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Dazzled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dazzled

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'dazzled' in Wordnet:
           2. dazzled - (stupefied or dizzied by something overpowering; "I fall back dazzled 
              at beholding myself all rosy red, / At having, I myself,
              caused the sun to rise."- `Chanticler' by Rostand)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Dazzling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dazzling`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dazzling' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dazzling, eye-popping, fulgurant, fulgurous - (amazingly impressive; suggestive of the flashing of lightning; 'the skater's dazzling virtuosic leaps'; 'these great best canvases still look as astonishing and as invitingly new as they did...when...his fulgurant popularity was in full growth'- Janet Flanner; 'adventures related...in a style both vivid and fulgurous'- Idwal Jones)`
Super-classes	Impressive^c
Sub-classes	StunninglyBeautiful^c

DazzlingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DazzlingAnAnimal`
Description	''DazzlingAnAnimal'' is a ''BlindingAnAnimal'' with a very bright light that causes an Animal (usually a Person) to become ''blind'' temporarily. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dazzle' in WordNet: 1. (3) dazzle, bedazzle, daze - (to cause someone to lose clear vision, especially from intense light; 'She was dazzled by the bright headlights')`
Super-classes	BlindingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value BrightIlluminatingLight^c hadChangedEntity^op value Person^c

DazzlingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DazzlingSomeone`
Description	''DazzlingSomeone'' is an''AmazingSomeone'' Action performed by a Person who exhibits some remarkable skill. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dazzle' in WordNet: 2. dazzle - (amaze or bewilder, as with brilliant wit or intellect or skill; 'Her arguments dazzled everyone'; 'The dancer dazzled the audience with his turns and jumps')`
Super-classes	Action^c AmazingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Wonder^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dazzling^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Dazzled^c

DeactivatingaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeactivatingaDevice`
Description	''DeactivatingaDevice'' is an Action that 'turns off' some Device, making it no longer able to perform some Action. This is broad, including devices other than electric, but is restricted to Devices. `The type of Device and type of action that the device performs need to be specified. See ''SwithcingaDeviceOnOrOff' for ''ElectricalDevice''s. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch off' in WordNet: 1. (8) switch off, cut, turn off, turn out - (cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch; 'Turn off the stereo, please'; 'cut the engine'; 'turn out the lights')`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op some (FunctioningOfaDevice^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	SwitchingaDeviceOff^c

Dead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dead`
Description	An attribute that specifies that an Organism is dead (no longer living), - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. Disjoint with 'alive'. *Note that a person can be Dead and still be a Person. This may differ from some usages. The fact that a Person is Dead is reflected in the VitalityAttribute, not in its 'existence'* NOTE that an animal that is dead in this sense can never again be alive. For the situation where an animal has no vital signs, but then revives, see the attribute 'ClinicallyDead'. Note that an Attribute that is a ''TimeSlice'' is an unusual usage; not clear how this interacts with other elements Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'dead' and sense 1 of 'lifeless' in WordNet, however, this applies only to organisms or cellular structures, and the sense suggested by 'dead pallor' is not included in this type. in WordNet: 1. (72) dead - (no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life; 'the nerve is dead'; 'a dead pallor'; 'he was marked as a dead man by the assassin') WN adj 'lifeless': 1. (2) lifeless, exanimate - (deprived of life; no longer living; 'a lifeless body')
Super-classes	TimeSlice^c VitalityAttributeValue^c UnableToFunction^c
Restrictions	hasEndingTimePoint^op only TimeInterval^c hasStartingTimePoint^op only TimeInterval^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiedIn1616

DeadAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeadAnimal`
Description	COSMO note: this category is for remains of an animal identifiable as being remains (including skeletons and fossils) of an animal, including humans. `Cyc: A specialization of #$OrganicMaterial (and not, of course, of #$Animal, whose instances must be alive). Each instance of #$DeadAnimal is a corpse or partial remains of an individual animal, somewhat intact, and prior to any butchering, burning, cooking, dissolving, or fully decomposing.`
Super-classes	DeadOrganism^c
Sub-classes	HumanCorpse^c

DeadEnd^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeadEnd

Description

CYC 'CulDeSac': A residential street that comes to an end - i.e., a dead end or a circle.

        NOTE: This is not for a circle.

         1. cul, cul de sac, dead end - (a passage with access only at one end)

Super-classes LocalRoad^c

DeadOrAlive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeadOrAlive`
Description	An attribute that specifies that either it is unknown whether an animal is dead or alive, or *it doesn't matter for the assertion context whether the animal is dead or alive*.
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c

DeadOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeadOrganism`
Description	COSMO note: this category is for remains of an organism identifiable as being remains (including skeletons and fossils as well as nonviable and nonmetabolizing plant material, as in cooked food) of any organism, including humans. This also includes some quantity of decomposing organic matter from dead organisms.
Super-classes	OrganicMaterialObject^c
Sub-classes	DeadAnimal^c

DeadPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeadPerson`
Description	A human who was once alive, but is now dead at the time of reference. NOTE that in COSMO, a DeadPerson is still a Person, and therefore an IntelligentAgent. If one needs to specifically refer to a living person, use 'LivingPerson'. Examples of DeadPerson are innumerable, but prominent ones would be GeorgeWashington, Einstein, and Mozart. Once a Person is dead, they are Dead at all time points thereafter, unless in some context they can experience ''Resurrecting''. Fictional revivals or correction of false information must be handled by special contextual reasoning mechanisms when a contradictory assertion is encountered. NOTE: the convention is adopted that the weight of a DeadPerson that has been dead for over twenty years is given as 10 kg, approximately the weight of a dry skeleton. This value is used to fill the required 'hasMassInGrams' relation for physical objects. If better information is available, it can replace this default value. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dead person' in WordNet: 1. (1) dead person, dead soul, deceased person, deceased, decedent, departed - (someone who is no longer alive; 'I wonder what the dead person would have done')
Super-classes	Person^c Organism^c
Restrictions	hasVitalityAttribute^op value Dead^c
Sub-classes	Vampire^c HebrewPerson^c CaveMan^c ApostleOfChrist^c Zombie^c RomanPerson^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristopherColumbus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharlesDarwin http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeatrixPotter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeeHarveyOswald http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarryAllard http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThomasJefferson http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LudwigVanBeethoven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeethovensMother http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Einstein http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MumtazMahal http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DwightDavidEisenhower http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#J.M.Barrie http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThomasAlvaEdison http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrancisScottKey http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JohnLennon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClaudeJosephRougetdeLisle http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JohnFitzgeraldKennedy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LelandStanford

Deadline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deadline`
Description	A ''Deadline'' is the ''FutureTimePoint'' that represents either (1) the time point at or before which some 'HighPriorityTask'' is required to be performed. Usually if a task is not completed by the deadline, some negative consequeces are incurred by the Person(s) charged with performing the task. However, some ''Deadline''s are flexible, or are set by the performer(s) themselves. So 'working against a deadline' is not quite the same as having an Obligation. `The time between the ''Deadlne'' and ''Now'' is the ''AvailableTime'' for completion of a ''Task''. BUT representing that may take FOL. @ToDo - eplore OWL representation - as a ''Difference'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deadline' in WordNet: 1. (2) deadline - (the point in time at which something must be completed)`
Super-classes	EndingTime^c DateTime^c FutureTimePoint^c
Sub-classes	CurfewTime^c

Deadly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deadly`
Description	''Deadly'' is the attribute of an Object or situation that causes or can cause ''Death''. This means can" cause death.For something that always causes Death or has caused Death, use ''Lethal'' (Which includes 'mortal' and 'fatal') Weapons that can* caused death are often called 'lethal' but in the logical representation, those will be represented as this ''Deadly'. 'lethal' is somethines used with this meanining ('lethal weapon') but the disctinction can be made, and is made here, for 'possible' and 'certain' causes of death. In most cases, something can only be said to be certain to cause death if it in fact has caused death ('a lethal wound'). But some things can be so likely that 'lethal' can be used for future effects as well. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 6 of 'deadly' in WordNet: 1. (6) deathly, mortal - (causing or capable of causing death; 'a fatal accident'; 'a deadly enemy'; 'mortal combat'; 'a mortal illness') 2. (1) deadly, lethal - (of an instrument of certain death; 'deadly poisons'; 'lethal weapon'; 'a lethal injection') 3. deadly, venomous, virulent - (extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom; 'venomous snakes'; 'a virulent insect bite') 6. deadly - ((of a disease) having a rapid course and violent effect)
Super-classes	Dangerous^c
Sub-classes	Lethal^c

Deadpan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deadpan`
Description	'Deadpan' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', that differs very little or not at all from the normal expression that betrays no emotion. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deadpan' in Wordnet: 1. deadpan, expressionless, impassive, poker-faced, unexpressive - (deliberately impassive in manner; 'deadpan humor'; 'his face remained expressionless as the verdict was read')`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value LackOfEmotion^c

Deaf^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deaf

Description

The Attribute of an animal who cannot hear sounds but whose type usually can hear sound. Used mostly for people and pet animals.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deaf' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) deaf - (lacking or deprive of the sense of hearing wholly or in part)

Super-classes Disabled^c

Deafened^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deafened

Description

''Deafened'' is an AttributeValue of an Animal that was rendered ''Deaf'' or partially Deaf by a ''DeafeningAnAnimal'' Event,usually a very loud noise.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deafened' in Wordnet:
         1. deafened - (caused to hear poorly or not at all)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Cold^c

Deafening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deafening`
Description	Very loud. `NOTE:'roaring, thunderous, thundery' are included in the subattribute ''Thunderous'' subtype for low-frequency loud noise, with a ''LowPitch'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deafening' in Wordnet: 1. (1) deafening, earsplitting, roaring, thunderous, thundery - (loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss)`
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c Loud^c
Sub-classes	Thunderous^c

DeafeningAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeafeningAnAnimal`
Description	''DeafeningAnAnimal'' is an Event in which anAnimal loses some or all of its hearing ability. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deafen' in WordNet: 2. deafen, deaf - (make or render deaf; 'a deafening noise')
Super-classes	DiminishingEvent^c Desensitizing^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value HearingAcuity^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Deafened^c

Deafness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deafness`
Description	Any ailment in which an animal suffers complete or near complete loss of hearing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deafness' in WordNet: 1. deafness, hearing loss - (partial or complete loss of hearing)`
Super-classes	Disability^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Deaf^c

Deal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deal`
Description	An Agreement in which two or more parties agree to mutual future actions, usually with actions of one party being contingent on the actions of another party, but not necessarily. A Deal includes at least one and usually at least two promises. A Deal differs from a Contract in that it is not necessarily a legalAgreement - therefore it is a supertype of 'Contract'. `This can be produced by ''Negotiating'' which includes ''Bargaining''. NOTE: the Wordnet 'deal' is not a supertype of Contract. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'deal' in Wordnet: 2. (2) bargain, deal - (an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each; 'he made a bargain with the devil'; 'he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals')`
Super-classes	SpecificationGroup^c Agreement^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Negotiating^c
Sub-classes	TwoAgentDeal^c Contract^c

Dealership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dealership`
Description	A ''Dealership'' is a ''RetailStore'' that specializes in selling products from one or a few ''Business''es that license only their authorized 'Dealer's to sell their products, and usually also to service the products they sell, and to deal directly with customer questions and problems, such as repairs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dealership' in WordNet: 1. franchise, dealership - (a business established or operated under an authorization to sell or distribute a company's goods or services in a particular area)`
Super-classes	RetailStore^c
Sub-classes	AutoDealership^c

DealingCards^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DealingCards`
Description	Each 'DealingCards' is an Action in which an Agent gives some cards from a DeckOfCards to other agents, as part of a 'CardGame' `Corresponds to Wordnet verb sense 9 of 'deal': 9. (2) deal - (distribute to the players in a game; 'Who's dealing?')`
Super-classes	DistributingObjects^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CardDealer^c hadThingTransferred^op value PlayingCard^c

Dean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dean`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dean' in WordNet: 1. (1) dean - (an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college)`
Super-classes	AcademicAdministrator^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value AcademicSubdivision^c

Dear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dear

Description

Loved, beloved. this is the sense of 'dear' in 'a dear friend'; 'my dear wife'.

  Corresponds to  sense 1 in RHW:
    1. beloved or loved: a dear friend.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dear' in WordNet:
    . (8) beloved, darling, dear - (dearly loved)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Dearly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dearly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dearly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dearly, in a heartfelt way - (in a sincere and heartfelt manner; 'I would dearly love to know')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Dearth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dearth`
Description	A ''Dearth'' is a severe (more than just a little short) ''Shortage'' of Something needed for a purpose. `NOTE: this is a ''PersistentState'' in which the subject of the state is an agent that lacks a sufficient quantity of something needed for some purpose; a smallvamount of the ''NecessaryThing'' is present, but in much too small an amount for that Purpose. A complete absence of some resource is represened by ''Lack''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dearth' in WordNet: 1. dearth, famine, shortage - (an acute insufficiency)`
Super-classes	Shortage^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntentionalAgent^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Insufficient^c

Death^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Death`
Description	Dying of some organism (or of some cells in an organism), considered as the final stage (''CompletionEvent'') of an organism's ''LifeTime''. COSMO note: when a Person ceases to live, that person does not cease to 'exist' as an entity in the ontology, but changes its vitality attribute to 'Dead'. This formalism is also true of other living things. The reasoning mechanism must be careful about what 'exists' - in the case of living things, one would typically want to count only those that have an 'Alive' vitality attribute at any given time, but to answer a query such as 'how many people migrated from Italy to the US', one might want to count living and dead as well. Death is divided into two broad subtypes depending on the cause of the Death: BeingKilled (intentional or or AccidentalDeath) or NaturalDeath (internal physiological malfunction). For the actual time of Death, when the 'Death' Event comes to an end, use 'TimeOfDeath' Cyc {'DyingOfBLO'): A collection of events. Each instance of #$Dying is an event in which a living organism (an instance of #$Organism-Whole) ceases to live and thus ceases to exist. The physical portion of the organism may remain, but that is not considered an instance of #$Organism-Whole (cf. #$DeadAnimal). Note that the expiring animal is related to its dying event by #$bodilyDoer (q.v.) - - in contrast to the role an organism plays when it is the #$objectActedOn in a #$KillingByOrganism event (which will have some #$Dying event among its #$subEvents), and cf. #$bodilyActedOn. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'death' and verb sense 1 of 'die' in WordNet: 1. (490) death, decease, expiry - (the event of dying or departure from life; 'her death came as a terrible shock'; 'upon your decease the capital will pass to your grandchildren') 2. (311) death - (the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism; 'the animal died a painful death') WN verb 'die': 1. (142) die, decease, perish, go, exit, pass away, expire, pass, kick the bucket, cash in one's chips, buy the farm, conk, give-up the ghost, drop dead, pop off, choke, croak, snuff it - (pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life; 'She died from cancer'; 'They children perished in the fire'; 'The patient went peacefully'; 'The old guy kicked the bucket at the age of 102')
Super-classes	CompletionEvent^c LosingFunctionEvent^c BiologicalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingProcess^op value DyingProcess^c hadObjectModified^op some Organism^c wasCausedBy^op some CauseOfDeath^c occurredInTimeInterval^op some DeathTime^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value FinalLifeStage^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value Lifetime^c
Sub-classes	Succumbing^c NaturalDeath^c DeathOfaPerson^c Flatlining^c BeingKilled^c

DeathByKilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeathByKilling`
Description	A 'DeathByKilling' is a BeingKilled caused by the Action of some 'IntentionalAgent'. This includes the death of plans due to spraying of herbicied by people or due to being uprooted and eaten by animals. Every Murder causes a DeathByKilling.
Super-classes	BeingKilled^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some Killing^c
Sub-classes	PoisoningToDeath^c Smothering^c

DeathOfaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeathOfaPerson`
Description	A Death in which the Organism that dies is a Person. NOTE that the 'affected' Person is the Person who dies, not any of his/her loved ones or acquaintances. `Includes but is broader than (not just accidents) noun sense 1 of 'fatality' in WordNet: 1. fatality, human death - (a death resulting from an accident or a disaster; 'a decrease in the number of automobile fatalities')`
Super-classes	UndesirableThing^c Death^c
Restrictions	isUndesirableTo^op value Person^c hadAffectedPerson^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	DeathOfaSpouse^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeathOfJFK

DeathOfaSpouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeathOfaSpouse`
Description	A Death in which the Organism that dies is Person.
Super-classes	DeathOfaPerson^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedPerson^op some Spouse^c

DeathTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeathTime`
Description	'DeathTime' is the TimeInterval within which something was destroyed, or some animal or plant died. It may not be known precisely. For the more specific 'TimeOfDeath', being the moment (usually represented as a time point) when the dying process ('Death' in COSMO) comes to an end, use the subtype 'TimeOfDeath'.
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	TimeOfDeath^c ExpirationDate^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date19631122 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date19690528

Debacle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debacle`
Description	A ''Debacle'' is an Event in which some Agent (usually a GroupOfPeople) performed some ''AttemptingActivity'' that ending in complete failure. A 'debacle' or 'fiasco' is not just a minor failure, but one that is unexpected and overwhelming, and may be embarrassing. `RHW noun 'debacle': 1. a general breakup or dispersion; sudden downfall or rout: The revolution ended in a debacle. 2. a complete collapse or failure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debacle' in WordNet: 1. (1) debacle, fiasco - (a sudden and violent collapse)`
Super-classes	Setback^c Failure^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Overwhelming^c hasManner^op value Completely^c

Debatable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debatable`
Description	''Debatable'' is a lower level of ''possible'' than is ''Uncertain''; this is a 'VerbalProbability', that suggests an estimated likelihood of less than 0.7.. Thus a vigorous debate might result in an affirmative or negative onclusion. `Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'debatable' in WordNet: 1. debatable, problematic, problematical - (open to doubt or debate; 'If you ever get married, which seems to be extremely problematic') 2. arguable, debatable, disputable, moot - (open to argument or debate; 'that is a moot question') 3. debatable, disputable - (capable of being disproved)`
Super-classes	Uncertain^c
Sub-classes	Controversial^c

Debate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debate`
Description	A 'Debate' is any form of verbal (including written) exchange in which two or more agents try to establish the superior validity of their own views on some topic. A 'Debate' need not be formal, and can be as simple as an argument between two people on any topic, however trivial, provided that the point of the argument is to establish the truth or superiority of some point of view or point of fact. Physical fights are not included. A Debate may have a winner and loser, or may be inconclusive. For a formal public debate, use 'FormalDebate'. `Includes noun sense 1 and verb senses 1,3, and 4 of 'debate' in WordNet: 1. (17) argument, argumentation, debate - (a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; 'the argument over foreign aid goes on and on') WN verb 'debate': 1. (2) debate - (argue with one another; 'We debated the question of abortion'; 'John debated Mary') 4. (1) argue, contend, debate, fence - (have an argument about something)`
Super-classes	Competition^c Discussion^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Argument^c
Sub-classes	FormalDebate^c

Debilitated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debilitated`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'debilitated' in Wordnet: 1. adynamic, asthenic, debilitated, enervated - (lacking strength or vigor)`
Super-classes	Weaker^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Debilitating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debilitating`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'debilitating' in Wordnet: 1. (2) debilitating - (impairing the strength and vitality)`
Super-classes	Harmful^c

Debilitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debilitation`
Description	''Debilitation' is a ''Weakening'' Event in which some situation causes a Person to become noticeably weaker than normal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debilitate' in WordNet: 1. (1) enfeeble, debilitate, drain - (make weak; 'Life in the camp drained him') WN noun 'debilitation': 1. debilitation, enervation, enfeeblement, exhaustion - (serious weakening and loss of energy)`
Super-classes	Weakening^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value BodyStrength^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Vigor^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Feeble^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Debilitated^c

DebitEntry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DebitEntry

Description

A ''Debit''' is a ''WrittenEntry'' (a''TextualMaterial') that represents some debt.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debit entry' in WordNet:
          1. debit, debit entry - (an accounting entry acknowledging sums that are owing)

Super-classes TextualMaterial^c

Debriefing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debriefing`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debrief' in WordNet: 1. debrief - (put someone through a debriefing and make him report; 'The released hostages were debriefed') WN noun 'debriefing': 1. debriefing - (report of a mission or task)`
Super-classes	Interviewing^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Reporting^c

Debt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debt`
Description	A Debt is an Obligation (a MentalObject) to repay someone something that is owed - usually money (for which use the more specific 'MonetaryDebt'). it is an UndesirableThing to a person who owes the money or something else - it is not undesirable from the perspective of the person who is owed money. So the notion of 'desirable' and 'undesirable' are from the perspective of the person holding the ValuableThing, whether it has positive or negative value. The more specific sense of owing money is the subtype 'MonetaryDebt'. Every 'Debt' refers to some 'Owing' situation. `Corresponds to senses 1 and 3 of 'debt' in WordNet; sense 2, the thing owed, needs to be represented but as of r977 is not (@ToDo - what is it?): NOTE: sense 1, the state, may be distinguished?? in WordNet: 1. (3) debt - (the state of owing something (especially money); 'he is badly in debt') 2. (3) debt - (money or goods or services owed by one person to another) 3. debt - (an obligation to pay or do something)`
Super-classes	Obligation^c UndesirableThing^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some IncurringaDebt^c obligesActionType^op some RepaymentEvent^c hasMainTopic^op some Owing^c
Sub-classes	MonetaryDebt^c

Debtor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debtor`
Description	A 'Debtor' is someone (or some Organization) who owes something to another. Commonly, this term is used for someone whose debts exceed his assets, but it is more general here. `@ToDo: Perhaps a more specialized type is needed? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debtor' in WordNet: 1. debtor, debitor - (a person who owes a creditor; someone who has the obligation of paying a debt)`
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op some (AgentType^c or Creditor^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indebted^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some Owing^c
In range of	hadAgentOwing^op

DebunkingSomeone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DebunkingSomeone

Description

''DebunkingSomeone'' is a form of ''MockingSomeone'' in which the 'debunker' points out some error the ''Target'' committed that should have been obvious.

     CYC 'Debunking":  A specialization of
        #$Disapproval-CommunicationAct.  Each instance of
        #$Debunking is an event in which some agent's
        pretentious or exaggerated claims are refuted and, at the
        same time, (at least gently) ridiculed.  Note that, e.g., a
        #$Scientist refuting an accepted #$ScientificTheory is not
        necessarily an instance of #$Debunking, since the theory in
        question need not be pretentious or exaggerated, nor need
        the refuter intend to ridicule the theory or its proponents.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'debunk' in WordNet:
         1. debunk, expose - (expose while ridiculing; especially of pretentious 
           or false claims and ideas; "The physicist debunked the psychic's claims")

Super-classes RidiculingSomeone^c

Debut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debut`
Description	A ''Debut'' is an ''InitialEvent'' that is the first ''Action of some particular Type taken by a ''''IntentionalAgent''''. This is very general,though the WN gloss focuses on a first 'appearane', especially introducing new products. That could be a more specific subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debut' in WordNet: 1. (5) introduction, debut, first appearance, launching, unveiling, entry - (the act of beginning something new; 'they looked forward to the debut of their new product line')`
Super-classes	Action^c InitialEvent^c StartingAnAction^c
Restrictions	isTheFirstElementOf^op some ActionSeries^c

Debutante^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Debutante

Description

CYC: The collection of young women who are making their societal debuts. A debut is the event in which a young woman makes her first formal appearance in society.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debutante' in WordNet:
          1. debutante, deb - (a young woman making her debut into society)

Super-classes Teenager^c
FemalePerson^c

Decade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decade`
Description	The Class of all calendar decades, which are not measures of a quantity of time, but locations on the universal time line having a length of 'OneDecade' (10 years). Thus the 'The1920s' would be one instance. But this type of 'Decade' does not have to begin in years ending in '0' or otherwise - any period of (exactly) ten years is a 'Decade'. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'decade' in WordNet: 1. (25) decade, decennary, decennium - (a period of 10 years)`
Super-classes	Years^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneDecade^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#The1920s

Decagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decagon`
Description	A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all ten-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decagon' in WordNet: 1. decagon - (a polygon with 10 sides and 10 angles)`
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 10^c

Decathlon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decathlon`
Description	''Decathlon'' - When useful, the types of ''SportsEvent'' in the ten individual events can be specified individually with the ''hasComponentElement'' relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decathlon' in WordNet: 1. decathlon - (an athletic contest consisting of ten different events)`
Super-classes	MultipleSkillEvent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 10

Decayed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decayed`
Description	''Decayed'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has experienced a ''Decaying'' Event. This is an attribute value that can apply to inorganic or non-biological materials as well as biological. For specific biological decay use ''Decomposing'' and ''Rotten''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decayed' in WordNet: 1. decayed, rotten, rotted - (damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless; 'rotten floor boards'; 'rotted beams'; 'a decayed foundation')`
Super-classes	Bad^c
Sub-classes	Rotten^c

Decaying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decaying`
Description	This is the most general meaning of 'decay', which includes several senses. The more specific meanings are subtypes; This includes one sense of 'decompose'; other senses are represented as ''Decomposing''. `Includes the three senses of the verb 'decay' in WordNet: 1. (3) disintegrate, decay, decompose - (lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current; 'the particles disintegrated during the nuclear fission process') 2. (2) decay, crumble, delapidate - (fall into decay or ruin; 'The unoccupied house started to decay') 3. decay - (undergo decay or decomposition; 'The body started to decay and needed to be cremated')`
Super-classes	DeteriorationEvent^c LosingFunctionEvent^c
Sub-classes	ChemicalDecomposition^c Decomposing^c Wilting^c Spoiling^c Weathering^c Disintegrating^c

Deceit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deceit`
Description	A Lie (intentionally false Assertion) that is intended to mislead. In WordNet a 'misrepresentation'is a falsehood but not a lie. It is unclear why it is not a lie, since the misrepresentation is intentional. In COSMO a 'Deceit' is a subtype of 'Lie'. For the act of Deceiving, use 'Deceiving'. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'deceit' and sense 1 of 'misrepresentation' and sense 1 of 'deception' in WordNet: 2. misrepresentation, deceit, deception - (a misleading falsehood)`
Super-classes	Falsehood^c
Sub-classes	Pretence^c

Deceitful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deceitful`
Description	'Deceitful' is an attribute of people who do not hesitate to lile, and cannot be relied upon to tell the truth. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'deceitful' in WordNet: 2. ambidextrous, deceitful, double-dealing, duplicitous, Janus-faced, two-faced, double-faced, double-tongued - - (marked by deliberate deceptiveness especially by pretending one set of feelings and acting under the influence of another; 'she was a deceitful scheming little thing'- Israel Zangwill; 'a double-dealing double agent'; 'a double-faced infernal traitor and schemer'- W.M.Thackeray)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Roguish^c

Deceiver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deceiver`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deceiver' in WordNet: 1. deceiver, cheat, cheater, trickster, beguiler, slicker - (someone who leads you to believe something that is not true)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value TwoTiming^c
Sub-classes	Two-Timer^c

Deceiving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deceiving`
Description	A Deceiving is a Communication in which an Agent intentionally causes another Agent to believe something that is not true. The Communication does not have to be linguistic, it could be an action, such as a magic trick that is intended to actually deceive rather than just entertain. Linguistic assertions that deceive ('Lying') is a subtype. Cyc: A specialization of #$Pretending and #$InfluencingAnAgent: #$Deceiving is the collection of events in which an #$IntelligentAgent deliberately engages in activities which both are intended to, and in fact do, induce false beliefs in another agent. Note that if either the information conveyed by the would-be deceiver is in fact true (although the would-be deceiver thinks it's false), or the would-be victim of the deception does not, as a result of the would-be deceiver's actions, acquire the false beliefs as intended, then the act is not an instance of #$Deceiving, but is an instance of (#$AttemptingFn #$Deceiving). (Also see #$Lying.) Notable specializations of this collection include #$Cheating and #$Fraud. This corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'deceive' and senses 2 and 3 of 'deception' in WordNet: WN verb Deceive: 1. (5) deceive, lead on, delude, cozen - (be false to; be dishonest with) 2. (2) deceive, betray, lead astray - (cause someone to believe an untruth; 'The insurance company deceived me when they told me they were covering my house') WN noun 'deception' 2. deception, deceit, dissembling, dissimulation - (the act of deceiving)
Super-classes	InfluencingAnAgent^c Pretending^c Communication^c Deception-Generic^c
Sub-classes	TrickingSomeone^c Lying^c Feinting^c Cheating^c Defrauding^c Impersonating^c Hypocrisy^c Cuckolding^c

Deceleration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deceleration`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which the speed of something is decreased. this is only for decreases in speed (relative to something) - the CYC entry is for any change of speed: #$Accelerating-Translational occurs whenever #$velocityOfObject changes, e.g. speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction of translation. `This is the intransitive sense, with the subject being the Object that is decelerating. @ToDo: A parent of the CYC type could be included to encompass both acceleration and deceleration. decelerate, slow, slow down Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deceleration' in Wordnet: 2. deceleration - ((physics) a rate of decrease in velocity) WN verb 'decelerate': 1. (1) decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up, retard - (lose velocity; move more slowly; 'The car decelerated')`
Super-classes	RateDecrease^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value Speed^c
Sub-classes	DecelerationOfaVehicle^c

DecelerationOfaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DecelerationOfaVehicle`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which the speed of a vehicle decreases, in an intransitive sense. The transitive sense is `Corresponds most closely to noun sense 3 of 'deceleration' in Wordnet: 3. deceleration - (the act of decelerating; decreasing the speed; 'he initiated deceleration by braking')`
Super-classes	Deceleration^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c isaSubEventOf^op value StoppingaVehicle^c subjectBecomes^op value Slower^c

December^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#December

Description

The Class of all Months which are December.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'december' in Wordnet:
     1. (14) December, Dec - (the last (12th) month of the year)

Super-classes Month^c

Decency^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decency

Description

The trait of someone who is disposed to perform an ''ActOfKindness'' (more often than a typical person does), and also avoids behavior that can offend others or cause them inconvenience.

       This is *not* the avoidance of 'immoral' behavior or dress.

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'decency' in Wordnet:
           2. (2) decency - (the quality of being polite and respectable)

Super-classes Kindness^c

Decentralized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decentralized

Description

This sense of ''Centralized'' includes Activities that have

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decentralized' in Wordnet:
         1. decentralized, decentralised - (withdrawn from a center or place of
             concentration; especially having power or function dispersed 
             from a central to local authorities; 'a decentralized school administration')

Super-classes Modified^c

Decentralizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decentralizing`
Description	''Decentralizing'' is the Action of reversing a prior ''Centralizing''Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'decentralize' in Wordnet: 1. (1) decentralize, deconcentrate, decentralise - (make less central; 'After the revolution, food distribution was decentralized')`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some (System^c or SystemType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Decentralized^c

Deception-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deception-Generic`
Description	''Deception-Generic'' is a Situation in which some agent misperceives that situation to be what it is not in reality. This can be merely an optical illusion or some sounds that seem to be from one thing but are in fact from something else. This Action need not be the result of an agent trying to intentionally deceive, it is any form of mistaking the perception of one thing for another. `What performs this Action can be an IntelligentAgent or simply an inanimate Object or situation that causes a mistaken understanding of what is being perceived.` @mod53 No WN sense captures this; The WN senses all appear to be intentional deception. `Closest RHW senses are is the general 'something that deceives ' part of sense 2 of 'deception': 2. something that deceives or is intended to deceive; fraud; artifice. and RHW sense 1 of 'illusion' 1. something that deceives by producing a false or misleading impression of reality. Such things are ''Deceptive'' and cause 'Misperception''. RHW 'misperceive' (nominal form = 'misperception'): to understand or perceive incorrectly; misunderstand.`
Super-classes	InfluencingAnAgent^c MisleadingEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Misperception^c
Sub-classes	SlantingaCommunication^c OpticalIllusion^c Deceiving^c

DeceptivelyFalse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeceptivelyFalse`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'false' in Wordnet: 4. false, hollow - (deliberately deceptive; 'hollow (or false) promises'; 'false pretenses')`
Super-classes	Insincere^c

Decidable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decidable

Description

This ''Decidable'' is a mathematical concept characterizing propositions whose logical consistency can be determined by a specific logical method

     RHW 'decidable':
        2. Logic. (of an axiom, proposition, etc.) having the property that 
          its consistency or inconsistency with the axioms of a given logical system 
          is determinable.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Deciding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deciding`
Description	The broad subclass of SelectingAmong where the agent opts for one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities that are open to him/her, using various ''Consideration''s as factors in reaching the Decision. In this case the thing chosen will be an Action or a course of action, not an object. For specifically Choosing an Object (to use, obtain, possess, etc.) use 'Picking'. This includes judicial as well as personal decisions. There are several distinguishable subtypes- these are left for more detaifed work. Perhaps 'ResolvingAnIssue'? For the result of an agreement made at a Meeting, see ''Resolution''. In Cyc called 'DecidingToDoSomething' Cyc: This is the collection of mental acts of resolving to do a type of action. #$PurposefulActions are preceded by such a decision, which is what makes them intentional. One does not decide to do an action, since the action that one will do does not exist at the time of the decision; rather, one decides to do a type of act. NOTE that the SUMO 'Deciding' is also more specific than Cyc 'SelectingAmong' because the notion of an Action is more prominent. every 'selection' implies some action, but in selecting an object like an apple from a basket the action element has less prominent than in, for example, voting, or choosing a path to a goal. See also 'Picking' where some object is the focus of the 'SelectingAmong' Action.capability Includes sense 1 of 'decide' and noun sense 2 of 'decision' in Wordnet: 1. (125) decide, make up one's mind, determine - (reach, make, or come to a decision about something; 'We finally decided after lengthy deliberations') WN 'decision': 2. (195) decision, determination, conclusion - (the act of making up your mind about something; 'the burden of decision was his'; 'he drew his conclusions quickly') WN verb 'resolve': 3. (6) purpose, resolve - (reach a decision; 'he resolved never to drink again') WN noun 'deciding': 1. decision making, deciding - (the cognitive process of reaching a decision; 'a good executive must be good at decision making')
Super-classes	Judging^c SelectingAmong^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value Consideration^c hadActionPerformed^op value Deciding^c hasResult^op value Decision^c
Sub-classes	OrientingOneself^c JudicialDecision^c Decreeing^c Deciding-Collectively^c Inferring^c MakingPolicy^c ResolvingAnIssue^c ChangeOfMind^c YesNoDecision^c Voting^c

Deciding-Collectively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deciding-Collectively`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a decision is reached by some group of agents (cf. #$Agent-Generic), and in which the relevant opinions of each of the agents are given due consideration in reaching that decision. This collection includes cases of informal collective decision-making (such as when a group of friends makes a collective decision to see a particular movie), as well as cases of formal collective decision-making (such as national #$Elections)
Super-classes	Deciding^c SocialOccurrence^c Choosing^c Judging^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	PoliticalCampaign^c DecidingAgainst^c ElectingSomeone^c DecidingByVote^c MakingRulesCollectively^c

DecidingAgainst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DecidingAgainst`
Description	''DecidingAgainst'' is a ''DecidingByVote'' in which yes-no question was disapproved by a predominance of 'no'votes. `NOTE that 'vote out' can only be used as a label for recall referenda in which a recall is the question to be decided by yes or no. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'vote down' in WordNet: 1. (1) kill, shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out - (thwart the passage of; 'kill a motion'; 'he shot down the student's proposal') 2. turn thumbs down, vote down - (vote against; 'The faculty turned thumbs down on the candidate for the Dean position')`
Super-classes	Competition^c Deciding-Collectively^c Event-Organized^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Voting^c

DecidingByVote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DecidingByVote`
Description	''DecidingByVote'' is a ''Deciding-Collectively'' in which a formal voting process with established rules (e.g. Robert's Rules) is used. This is broadly applicable to any voting process, but is distinct from the action of an individual who casts a vote.. `NOTE that the subtype ''Election'' can have multiple choices. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voting' in WordNet: 1. (9) vote, ballot, voting, balloting - (a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative; 'there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion')`
Super-classes	Competition^c Deciding-Collectively^c Event-Organized^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Voting^c
Sub-classes	Outvoting^c Referendum^c Election^c

DeciduousPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeciduousPlant`
Description	Plant that drops leaves in the winter. `CYC: A specialization of #$Plant-Woody. Each instance of #$DeciduousPlant is a plant which sheds all of its leaves once a year, seasonally, and subsequently grows new ones. Cf. #$EvergreenPlant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deciduous plant' in Wordnet: 1. deciduous plant - (a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season)`
Super-classes	Plant-Woody^c
Sub-classes	DeciduousTree^c Ginkgo^c PecanTree^c

DeciduousTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeciduousTree`
Description	A ''Tree'' that drops leaves in the winter. Contrasts with ''EvergreenTree''.
Super-classes	DeciduousPlant^c Tree^c
Sub-classes	WillowTree^c HickoryTree^c OakTree^c MapleTree^c BirchTree^c ElmTree^c

DecimalCharacter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DecimalCharacter

Description

A DecimalCharacter is a character that is used as the separator between the whole number part and the fraction part of a DecimalNumberString. In the USA, it is a decimal point, but in some European countries, a comma is used as the decimal separator.

LDOCE note: this type is aligned with 'decimal' in LDOCE, but it is understood
  that the meaning only covers the usage in the phrase 'decimal point'.

Corresponds to sense 1 of 'decimal point' in WordNet:
  1. (1) decimal point, percentage point - (the dot at the left of a decimal fraction)

Super-classes AbstractCharacter^c

DecimalNumberString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DecimalNumberString`
Description	A DecimalNumberString is a NumberString that includes a decimal point, with digits after the decimal point. This is a string, and numbers expressed as fractions are not instances of 'DecimalNumberString', even if the values are the same. This concept is not identical to the datatype 'decimal' because the datatype does not require that a fraction be present. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'decimal' in WordNet: 2. decimal - (a number in the decimal system)`
Super-classes	NumberString^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op value DecimalCharacter^c

DecimalPoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DecimalPoint`
Description	`NOTE: WN term 'percentage point' is not in RHW: included here anyway, as there are no synonyms. Anything else use this term?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decimal point' in WordNet: 1. (1) decimal point, percentage point - (the dot at the left of a decimal fraction)`
Super-classes	Dot-Abstract^c NotationalSymbol^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Dot^c

Decision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decision`
Description	A Decision is a Judgment arrived at after some consideration, (by any IntentionalAgent) that may cause an agent to act in one way rather than an alternative. NOTE the difference between this 'conclusion' and the type ''Conclusion''; the latter is an ''Assertion'' whereas this is a ''Belief''. WordNet 2.1 synset 1 (decision, determination, conclusion) is defined as 'a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration'. Corresponds to non sense 1 of 'conclusion' in Wordnet: 1. (29) decision, determination, conclusion - (a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration; 'a decision unfavorable to the opposition'; 'his conclusion took the evidence into account'; 'satisfied with the panel's determination')
Super-classes	Judgment^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some Deciding^c hasBeliever^op only (IntelligentAgent^c or PersonType^c or FictionalCharacter^c or GroupType^c or Group^c)
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectonOfBillClinton

Decision-Maker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decision-Maker`
Description	A ''Decision-Maker'' can belong to any size ''Organization'' (including a family or small business) or part of an Organization, so this can be but does not have to be a 'president', though a CEO usually has that function. `Corresponds approximately (does not have to be a 'business) to noun sense 1 of 'decision-maker' in WordNet: 1. administrator, decision maker - (someone who administers a business)`
Super-classes	HeadOfAnOrganization^c
Restrictions	inContext^op value Organization^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MakingPolicy^c
Sub-classes	ChiefExecutiveOfficer^c Manager^c

Decisive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decisive

Description

The attributeValue ''Decisive'' is an ''IntensiveAttributeValue'' of Actions (including arguments) that cause a desired effect, individually or in combination, after other Actions with the same purpose had not achieved the same intended effect. This is a subattribute of ''Determining'' for things that in themselves cause the effect.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decisive' in Wordnet:
         1. (8) decisive - (determining or having the power to determine an outcome; 
              'cast the decisive vote'; 'two factors had a decisive influence')
     WN adj 'decisive':
        2. (1) decisive - (unmistakable; 'had a decisive lead in the polls')

Super-classes Powerful^c
Causative^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Determining^c

DeckHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeckHand`
Description	Crew members (male or female) who work 'on the deck'. NOTE: WN gloss suggests not just on the top deck, but any part of the ship. This is for ''ManualLaborer''s, those who are not officers and not specialists. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deckhand' in WordNet: 1. deckhand, roustabout - (a member of a ship's crew who performs manual labor)`
Super-classes	Sailor^c ManualLaborer^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value ShipsDeck^c
Sub-classes	AbleBodiedSeaman^c

DeckOfCards^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeckOfCards`
Description	Each ''DeckOfCards'' is a set of ''PlayingCard''s that includes the subtype ''PokerDeck'' of 52 cards, but can also be any set of a different number or type. This is just the Group of cards themselves, and does not include a box as a container. `NOTE: this does not have to be a 52-card deck, as some decks ('Casino' or Tarot cards) have different numbers of cards. See ''PokerDeck'' for the 52-card set. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deck of cards' in WordNet: 1. (1) pack of cards, deck of cards, deck - (a pack of 52 playing cards)`
Super-classes	PackOfThings^c SetOfObjects^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c GameArtifact^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PlayingCard^c
Sub-classes	PokerDeck^c

DeckOfaBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeckOfaBuilding`
Description	A ''DeckOfaBuilding'' is a type of ''Porch'' that is adjacent to a residence, is made of wood, and is elevated to some extent off the ground by supporting poles or beams. Not typically covered, but open to the sky. Generally accessible from a building level above the ground level. `Corresponds approximately (does not have to resemble the deck of a ship!) to noun sense 14 of 'deck' in WordNet: 4. deck - (a porch that resembles the deck on a ship)`
Super-classes	Porch^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isAdjacentTo^op value Residence^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elevated^c

Declaration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Declaration`
Description	An Assertion that is strong and emphatic to emphasis that they are true, produced by a ''Declaring''. It may be formal, and may occur in some formal setting. This is for Assertions that have some degree of strength or formality. For Formal assertions by an Authority about some public issue, use the sbtype 'Proclamation''. `In SUMO called 'Declaring'. SUMO The Class of LinguisticCommunications that effect an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. Some examples are nominating, marrying, and excommunicating. NOTE: in COSMO this is an abstract LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'declaration' in WordNet: 1. (4) declaration - (a statement that is emphatic and explicit (spoken or written))`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Declaring^c
Sub-classes	Testament^c Protest^c Manifesto^c Proclamation^c LegalOpinion^c

Declarative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Declarative

Description

''Declarative'' pertains

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'declarative' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) declarative, declaratory, asserting - (relating to 
          the use of or having the nature of a declaration)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
Assertive^c

Declaring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Declaring`
Description	Each Declaring is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts something with emphasis that implies that it is to be taken as authoritatively true. It is not necessarily a Speaking event. The restriction requires that each Declaring produces some Declaration - the content of the Declaring. `NOTE that verb sense 3 of 'declare' in WordNet (a solemn declaration) is a subtype of verb sense 1 This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'declare' and noun sense 1 of 'declaration' in WordNet: 1. declare - (state emphatically and authoritatively; 'He declared that he needed more money to carry out the task he was charged with') WN Noun 'declaration': 1. (4) declaration - (a statement that is emphatic and explicit (spoken or written))`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Declaration^c
Sub-classes	Proclaiming^c ProfessingAllegiance^c SentencingAction^c Pronouncement^c

Decline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decline`
Description	'''Decline'' is a 'Reduction' in the quality or functionality or size (to the extent that that affects functionality) of something. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'decline' in WordNet: 1. (4) decline, diminution - (change toward something smaller or lower) 2. (2) decline, declination - (a condition inferior to an earlier condition; a gradual falling off from a better state)`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Discounted^c
Sub-classes	Downturn^c DeteriorationEvent^c

DecliningAnOffer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DecliningAnOffer`
Description	Each 'DecliningAnOffer' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s) does not desire (and therefore does not agree) to perform some action proposed or suggested or some assistance or thing offered by another agent. This is a broad category of responses to 'Offering' and may include declining help in some activity, declining an offer by the offerer to sell something (therefore a refusal to buy), or even declining some food offered. This is a response to an AsertingEvent, but in some cases an 'Offering' may be performed gesturally, and that is still considered as an 'AssertingEvent' though it does not use verbal communication. For example, at a cocktail hour a waiter may put a tray of hors d'oeuvres in front of one, consituting an offer of the food - this is an instance of 'assertion' and declining to take any object thus offered is an instance of this type 'DecliningAnOffer'. . This corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'decline' and sense 2 of 'reject' and verb sense 1 of 'refuse' and noun sense 2 of 'refusal' in WordNet: 3. (47) refuse, decline - (show unwillingness towards; 'he declined to join the group on a hike') WN verb 'reject': 2. (15) refuse, reject, pass up, turn down, decline - (refuse to accept; 'He refused my offer of hospitality') WN noun 'refusal': 1. (4) refusal - (the act of refusing)
Super-classes	Refusing^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some Offering^c

Decluttering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decluttering`
Description	''Decluttering'' is an Action in which some Object(s) are removed from an area - a surface or a closet, or a room, - usually in order to make the surface clear of objects. This can be for any purpose, such as making work easier or making the location more attractive. `The location that was decluttered can be specified by the relation ''hadChangedEntity''. This corresponds to the notion of 'clearing' a desk, a shelf, an area, the floor of a room. But this does not include removing dirt or paint or any coating material from a surface, only solid objects. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clear' in Wordnet: 1. (16) unclutter, clear - (rid of obstructions; 'Clear your desk')`
Super-classes	ClearingaLocation^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value ObjectGroup^c

Decoding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decoding`
Description	CYC: The collection of events where some data in an #$InformationBearingThing are transformed from a complex/compressed format to a more usable or natural format. SUMO: Converting a document or message that has previously been encoded (see Encoding) into a Language that can be understood by a relatively large number of speakers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decoding' and verb sense 1 of 'decode' in Wordnet: 1. decoding, decryption, decipherment - (the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text; 'a secret key or password is required for decryption') WN verb 'decode': 1. decode, decrypt, decipher - (convert code into ordinary language)
Super-classes	IBTRecoding^c Writing^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op only Encoding^c isaComponentElementOf^op value Cryptography^c

Decomposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decomposing`
Description	The subtype of 'Decaying' applied to living or formerly living things (organisms or parts of organisms). any 'decomposing' that is not of biological material is represented by ''ChemicalDecomposition''. This type merges Cyc DecompositionEvent and Cyc DecompositionProcess, including both partial and complete decompopsitions. The distinction between partial and complete decomposition may be useful, but needs careful logical definition, as small residual undecomposed starting material is common in chemical decompositions, but do not change the general character of the event. This is a subtype of ''DeteriorationEvent'', indicating that for at least some purposes decomposing is a reduction in the original functionality - which assumes that the undecomposed entity has some functionality. Cyc DecompositionEvent: The collection of events in which one or more objects decompose more or less completely. See also the more general concept #$DecompositionProcess, in whose instances objects at least partially decompose. Cyc DecompositionProcess: A specialization of both #$SeparationEvent and #$PhysicalTransformationProcess. Each instance of #$DecompositionProcess is an event in which some object's matter undergoes chemical reactions (sometimes mediated by microorganisms) that result in the object losing its shape and other material characteristics. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'decompose' in WordNet: 3. decompose, rot, molder, moulder - (break down; 'The bodies decomposed in the heat') WN This is a subtype of sense 3 of 'decay' in WordNet: 3. decay - (undergo decay or decomposition; 'The body started to decay and needed to be cremated') WN noun 'decomposition': 4. (1) decay, decomposition - (the organic phenomenon of rotting) 5. decomposition, rot, rotting, putrefaction - ((biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action)
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c Decaying^c ChemicalTransformationEvent^c DeteriorationEvent^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalDecompositionEvent^c

Decongestant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decongestant`
Description	A ''Decongestant'' is a ''DrugSubstance'' that reduces 'congestion' of the lungs or upper air passages. `CYC: A drug that relieves congestion (as of mucous membranes) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decongestant' in WordNet: 1. decongestant - (a drug that decreases pulmonary congestion)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value PulmonaryCongestion^c

Decorated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decorated

Description

''Decorated'' is the attribute of a PhysicalObject that has experienced a ''Decorating'' Action.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decorated' in Wordnet:
        1. adorned, decorated - (provided with something intended 
           to increase its beauty or distinction)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Decorating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decorating`
Description	''Decorating'' is the act of 'Beautifying'' an object or place by putting a decorative object or markings in or on an object or place. As a subtype of 'ActionOnObject', at least one of the objects affected (the decorative item or the thing decorated) must be explicitly mentioned. Corresponds to sense 3 of noun 'decoration' and senses 1, 2, and 4 of verb 'decorate' in WordNet: 3. decoration - (the act of decorating something (in the hope of making it more attractive)) WN verb 'decorate': 1. (6) decorate, adorn, grace, ornament, embellish, beautify - (make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.; 'Decorate the room for the party'; 'beautify yourself for the special day') 2. deck, adorn, decorate, grace, embellish, beautify - (be beautiful to look at; 'Flowers adorned the tables everywhere') dress, decorate - (provide with decoration; 'dress the windows')
Super-classes	Beautifying^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op value Decoration^c
Sub-classes	Festooning^c Trimming-Decorating^c IcingaCake^c

Decoration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decoration`
Description	COSMO: This ''Decoration'' is the object(s), not the Action: This is a class of PhysicalObject that are either designed or merely used for decoration (syn: ornamentation). If it is designed as an ornament, the Role will be permanent; if it is a natural object merely used as an Ornament, the Role may be temporary. This is not the collective noun referring to all decorations, though a single 'decoration' may consist of multiple objects. NOTE: Ornamental objects affixed to a Structure rather than being portable are represented under ''StructuralOrnament''. NOTE that jewelry and body 'ornamentation' are included in the parent type 'Ornament' and this type is for decoration of inanimate objects. NOTE: A Christmas Tree may itself be a 'Decoration' (of a room), and things hanging on it may be 'Decorations' (of the tree). Cyc comment: Instances of this collection are (typically non-essential) accessories or components that are added to a thing; they are used to visually enhance (e.g., beautify or possibly to connote something) the thing they are added to. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'decoration' and sense 1 of 'ornament' in WordNet: 1. (4) decoration, ornament, ornamentation - (something used to beautify)
Super-classes	Ornament^c
Sub-classes	StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm^c ChristmasDecoration^c InteriorDecoration^c ChristmasTree^c Jewelry^c Festoon^c Fountain^c Adornment^c

DecreaseEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DecreaseEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Events the focal characteristic of which is a decrease in some quantity; this includes decreases that are natural (not 'Actions') as well as decreases that are caused by an agent.. NOTE that a decrease in altitude is represented by the subtype 'Descending'. This type includes the notion of 'reduction' both in the intransitive sense ('there was a reduction of sales in June') and transitive ('Tom reduced his weight by twenty pounds'). The action of causing a decrease is represented as the more specific type 'Reduction'. The intransitive sense of 'reduce' and 'reduction' is not separate in WordNet. This type should be used when it is not clear that the decrease is caused by some agent that is identifiable as to type or individual; otherwise use 'Reduction'. Includes both noun senses 1 (intransitive) and 4 (action) of 'decrease' and verb senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 1 of 'reduction' and verb senses 7 and 9 of 'reduce' in WordNet: 1. (7) decrease, lessening, drop-off - (a change downward; 'there was a decrease in his temperature as the fever subsided'; 'there was a sharp drop-off in sales') 4. decrease, diminution, reduction, step-down - (the act of decreasing or reducing something) WN verb 'decrease' 1. (23) decrease, diminish, lessen, fall - (decrease in size, extent, or range; 'The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester'; 'The cabin pressure fell dramatically'; 'her weight fell to under a hundred pounds'; 'his voice fell to a whisper') WN verb 'reduce' 7. (2) shrink, reduce - (reduce in size; reduce physically; 'Hot water will shrink the sweater'; 'Can you shrink this image?') 9. (1) reduce, scale down - (make smaller; 'reduce an image')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Fading^c LoweringaValue^c ConsumingSomething^c Slump^c Reduction^c FinancialLoss^c Simplifying^c HedgingAction^c Contraction^c Forestalling^c Weakening^c DiminishingEvent^c AbsorptionOfRadiation^c Abbreviating^c SlowingDownAnAction^c EconomicDepression^c ModeratingBehavior^c Degeneration^c OrganismCollapse^c WaningEvent^c InhibitingaChemicalReaction^c Dip^c ReducingIntensity^c Relieving^c RateDecrease^c Easing^c WringingaWetObject^c Descending^c Decline^c BecomingWeaker^c
In domain of	causesDecreaseIn^op

Decreased^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decreased`
Description	An AttributeValue of things that have some quantitative measure, indicating that the current quantity is lower than some prior reference level. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decreased' in WordNet: 1. decreased, reduced - (made less in size or amount or degree)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Faded^c

Decreasing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decreasing`
Description	An attribute of AttributeValues or Quantities whose magnitude is becoming lower. `'declining' is not in WN or RHW, but is a relatively common word, as an adjective. Need examples to determine more precise meaning. 'dropping' is also used in this sense: 'his temperature was dropping'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decreasing' in Wordnet: 1. (1) decreasing - (becoming less or smaller) WN adj 'falling': 1. (1) falling - (decreasing in amount or degree; 'falling temperature')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Waning^c Diminishing^c Shrinking^c Dwindling^c Contracting^c

Decree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decree`
Description	This ''Decree'' has elements of both a Rule and an Order. These may be distinguished. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decree' in WordNet: 1. (4) decree, edict, fiat, order, rescript - (a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge); 'a friend in New Mexico said that the order caused no trouble out there')`
Super-classes	RuleForBehavior^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Decreeing^c isProducedByEventType^op value Proclamation^c
Sub-classes	Curfew^c

Decreeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Decreeing`
Description	Each ''Decreeing'' is an 'AssigningaRule' that creates a ''Decree'' that has some formal and autthoritative effect. The difference between this and the parent ''AssigningaRule'' is that the Person making the ''Decree'' is someone with 'final authority' in the time and place and context (not necessarily governmental or judicial) - the Person performing this act has 'unquestioned authority' to do so, backed by some form of law. In democratic systems, a ''Decree' by one court or administrator or legislative body may be 'overruled' (reversed) by an even higher authority, or a succeeding authority with the same type of authority or even higher 'final authority'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'decree' in WordNet: 2. rule, decree - (decide with authority; 'The King decreed that all firstborn males should be killed')`
Super-classes	AssigningaRule^c Deciding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some FinalAuthority^c hadObjectCreated^op some Decree^c
Sub-classes	Overruling^c

Dedicated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dedicated

Description

This sense of ''Dedicated'' is the attribute of a Person who has committed his/herself to some Person or cause or belief or activity.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dedicated' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) dedicated - (devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose; 'a dedicated dancer'; 
            'dedicated teachers'; 'dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal'- A.Lincoln)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DedicatingOneself^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DedicatingOneself`
Description	''AdoptingaPractice'' is a form of ''AdoptingaPractice'' is a 'Choosing' in which the choosing ''IntelligentAgent'' chooses to spend much or even most of his/her time and effort to some specific purpose. Each of the synnymous verbs is usually followed by 'oneself' or 'his self' or 'her self' when used in this sense, unless it is followed by some word indicating effort or time. When 'give' is used it may be in the phrase 'gave himself over to . . .' (something, an Activity, a Person or cause - the thing to which a Person dedicates her/his self is pointed to by the relation ''hasMainTopic''). When used with a person as the indirect object, this usually means to plan to devote much time serving that person's needs. NOTE this is not for the sense of 'dedicating' an object to some purpose. See 'SettingAside''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dedicate' in WordNet: 1. (4) give, dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote - (give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause; 'She committed herself to the work of God'; 'give one's talents to a good cause'; 'consecrate your life to the church')
Super-classes	AdoptingaPractice^c
Restrictions	caused^op value ActionType^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Dedicated^c hasMainTopic^op some owl:Thing^c

DedicatingaPublicFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DedicatingaPublicFacility`
Description	''DedicatingaPublicFacility'' is an Action in which one or more agents (usually a representative of a Governmentagency) presides at a ceremony formally opening up some facilty (a park, building, highway) to public use. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dedicate' in WordNet: 2. dedicate - (open to public use, as of a highway, park, or building; 'The Beauty Queen spends her time dedicating parks and nursing homes')`
Super-classes	PublicAssembly^c Earmarking^c StartingAnAction^c
Restrictions	starts^op some PublicUse^c

Deductible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deductible`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deductible' in Wordnet: 1. (3) deductible - (acceptable as a deduction (especially as a tax deduction))`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType^op value Dissension^c

DeductibleExpenditure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeductibleExpenditure`
Description	A 'DeductibleExpenditure' is a ''QuantityOfMoney'' representing a generic ''Expenditure'' that is or can be deducted for any purpose as a ''Subtrahend'' from another quantity. `This includes both subtypes ''TaxDeductible'' and ''InsuranceDeductible''`
Super-classes	Subtrahend^c QuantityOfMoney^c
Sub-classes	TaxDeductible^c InsuranceDeductible^c

DeductingAnExpense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeductingAnExpense`
Description	''DeductingAnExpense'' is a ''SubtractingAnExpense'' where some ''Expenditure'' is a 'subtrahend', subtracted from some ''Income'' number, to adjust the income for some Accounting purpose. `One common subtype is to deduct some amount from income for tax reporting, to determing taxes owed.`
Super-classes	SubtractingAnExpense^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value DeductibleExpenditure^c isaSubEventOf^op value Bookkeeping^c

DeductiveArgument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeductiveArgument`
Description	SUMO: An Argument which has the form of a deduction, i.e. it is claimed that the set of premises entails the conclusion.
Super-classes	Argument^c
Sub-classes	Explanation^c Proof^c

Deep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deep`
Description	Deep is an AttributeValue of a BodyOfWater or other Object that relates to the distance from the surface to the bottom or from the front to the back; this is a relative term whose meaning depends on the type of object that it modifies. For BodyOfWater, a 'deep' swimming pool will have a depth much less than a 'deep' lake, and that much less than a 'deep' ocean.. As a LogicalFunction, this term can take a type of Object and return a subtype of that Object; it can also be used postpositionally with a distance measure to return an Attribute: [25 feet deep]. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'deep' inWordNet: in WordNet: 3. (11) deep - (having great spatial extension or penetration downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or laterally or outward from a center; sometimes used in combination; 'a deep well'; 'a deep dive'; 'deep water'; 'a deep casserole'; 'a deep gash'; 'deep massage'; 'deep pressure receptors in muscles'; 'deep shelves'; 'a deep closet'; 'surrounded by a deep yard'; 'hit the ball to deep center field'; 'in deep space'; 'waist-deep')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Deeper^c

DeepForaDish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeepForaDish`
Description	''DeepForaDish'' specifies that the particular ;;Dish'' or subype of ''Diah' is deeper (top to bottom is longer distance) than the average ''Dish''.
Super-classes	RelativeAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeType^op value Depth^c hasObjectOfComparison^op value Dish^c hasAttribute^op value Deep^c

DeepGreenColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeepGreenColor

Description

CYC: DeepGreen-Color

      RHW: 'bottle green' = 'a deep green.'

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottle green' in WordNet:
        1. bottle green - (dark to moderate or greyish green)

Super-classes GreenColor^c

DeepHoleInTheGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeepHoleInTheGround`
Description	A ''DeepHoleInTheGround'' is a ''HoleInTheGround'' that is deeper that the widest width of the surface opening. This will be true of a ''Mine'' (other than open-pit) or a ''Cave'' or a ''Well''. Subtypes of ''HoleInTheGround'' that do not have a ratio of width/depth that is consistently less than 1 will be represented by the less specific parent ''HoleInTheGround''. An approximately horizontal tunnel is not an instance. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'ditch' in WordNet: 1. (2) ditch - (a long narrow excavation in the earth)`
Super-classes	HoleInTheGround^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c
Sub-classes	Cave^c Well^c Mine^c

DeepReasoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeepReasoning`
Description	''DeepReasoning'' is a level of 'Reasoning' that requires higher than average IQ.
Super-classes	Reasoning^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prolonged^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c
Sub-classes	Overthinking^c

DeepRed-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeepRed-Color`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deep red' in Wordnet: 1. crimson, ruby, deep red - (a deep and vivid red color)`
Super-classes	CarmineColor^c RubyColor^c Red^c

DeepYellowGreen-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeepYellowGreen-Color`
Description
Super-classes	GreenColor^c

Deeper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deeper`
Description	'Deeper' is an AttributeValue of a BodyOfWater or other Object that relates to the distance from the surface to the bottom; this is a relative term whose meaning depends on the object or type of object to which it is compared. `This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a Group of objects and selects the highest one.`
Super-classes	Deep^c ComparativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Deepest^c

Deepest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deepest

Description

'Deepest' is an AttributeValue of a BodyOfWater or other Object that relates to the distance from the surface to the bottom; this is a relative term whose meaning depends on the object or type of object to which it is compared.

     This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of
         'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a
         function in an FOL implementation: it takes a Group of
         objects and selects the highest one.

Super-classes Deeper^c

Deeply^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deeply

Description

''Deeply'' is a more intense modifier than''Strongly'' for ''MentalEvent''s. ('deeply moved by the loss of her child')

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'deeply' in WordNet:
           1. (16) profoundly, deeply - (to a great depth psychologically;
              'They felt the loss deeply')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Deer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deer`
Description	This type's members are single animals; this is not the collective sense. For specifying antlers, see ''AntleredStag'' for discussion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'deer' in WordNet: 1. (2) deer, cervid - (distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers)`
Super-classes	HerdAnimal^c Ruminant^c GameAnimal^c WildAnimal^c
Restrictions	maleHasBodyPart^op value Antler^c
Sub-classes	Moose^c Reindeer^c Fawn^c AmericanElk^c VirginiaDeer^c StagDeer^c

DeerMouse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeerMouse

Description

A kind of #$Mouse-Rodent that is common in North America. Believed to be the primary natural reservoir for #$SinNombre-Virus.

        Corresponds to sense 1 (the onyl sense) of 'deer mouse'
        in WordNet:
        1. deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus -
         (brownish New World mouse; most widely distributed member of the genus)

Super-classes PeromyscusGenus^c

DeerTick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeerTick`
Description	A ''DeerTick'' is a type of''tick'' that infests ''deer and is a vector (carrier) of 'Lyme disease'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deer tick' in WordNet: 1. Ixodes dammini, deer tick - (a northeastern tick now recognized as same species as Ixodes scapularis)`
Super-classes	Tick^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Deer^c

Defacing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defacing`
Description	The Class of Events where a PhysicalObject with some degree of attractiveness is changed in a way that reduces the attractiveness.. The agent may be volitional or natural. `Includes verb sense 1 of 'deface' and verb sense 1 of 'mar' in WordNet: 1. deface, disfigure, blemish - (mar or spoil the appearance of; 'scars defaced her cheeks'; 'The vandals disfigured the statue') WN verb 'mar': 1. (6) mar, impair, spoil, deflower, vitiate - (make imperfect; 'nothing marred her beauty')`
Super-classes	DamagingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadDamagedObject^op some PhysicalObjectType^c

Defaming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defaming`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defame' in WordNet: 1. defame, slander, smirch, asperse, denigrate, calumniate, smear, sully, besmirch - (charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone; 'The journalists have defamed me!' 'The article in the paper sullied my reputation')`
Super-classes	Accusing^c
Sub-classes	Badmouthing^c

DefaultOption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefaultOption`
Description	A ''DefaultOption'' is the ''AlternativeThing'' in a list of ''Options'' that is selected by the system presenting the options if the chooser does not actively choose some other option.. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'default' in WordNet: 4. default option, default - (an option that is selected automatically unless an alternative is specified)`
Super-classes	AlternativeThing^c
Restrictions	hasAlternative^op some SubstituteThing^c isaComponentElementOf^op some Options^c

DefaultValue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefaultValue

Description

'DefaultValue' is a Class that can be used as an additional type for instances of entities that serve as the default value for some relation. Use of this mechanism to specify defaults is is complementary to the use of the type 'RelationDefault' together with 'hasRelationDefault'.

      If an instance of some entity is specified as the value of a relation, and it
        is also specified as an instance of 'DefaultValue', then this value is to 
        be interpreted as a default value for that relation on that entity.
        This has the same effect (with a different notation) of using the
        'hasRelationDefault' relation with some value of 'RelationDefault'.


       This may be used in cases where 'hasRelationDefault' may not serve, such as
         cases where that class does not have that default, but a time slice of
         instances of that class may have that default.

Super-classes Individual^c

DefaultingonaDebt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefaultingonaDebt`
Description	''DefaultingonaDebt'' is the final 'MissingaPayment' Action (non-Action) that triggers a 'default' state and may cause Actions on the Party owed money to recover the debt by any of various processes,such as getting a ''Lien'' on the debtor's property. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'default' in WordNet: 1. (1) default, default on - (fail to pay up)`
Super-classes	MissingaPayment^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value LegalAction^c

Defeated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defeated

Description

''Paved'' is an AttributeValue of some part of the Ground that has been covered with a ''PavedSurface'' in a ''PavingEvent''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'defeated' in Wordnet:
        1. defeated - (beaten or overcome; not victorious; 'the defeated enemy')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Defeathering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defeathering`
Description	''Defeathering'' is the act of removing feathers (a ''GroupOfFeathers'') from the skin of a Bird. This includes removing feathers from a bird in preparation for Cooking, but can be for any purpose.
Super-classes	ClearingaSurface^c
Restrictions	removes^op value GroupOfFeathers^c hadChangedEntity^op value Bird^c

DefeatingAnOpponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefeatingAnOpponent`
Description	COSMO note: this type is used for the action of an Agent (individual or group) that prevails over some opponent in a contest (competition) of any kind, and is not restricted to military actions as it is in Cyc, Every instance of DefeatingAnOpponent is the result of some competition; however, some Competitions result in a tie or a cancellation, so the inverse is not necessarily true. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'beat' in WordNet; this is a subtype of 'defeat' in WN, but 'defeat' should be a synonym of this type. Cyc: Instances of this collection are events in which an agent effectively nullifies an adversary's ability to persue opposing goals in a conflict. In general, this means that the adversary has either become unwilling or unable to further pursue his intended course of action. See also #$ConflictEvent. NOTE that the WordNet synset includes 'trounce' and other words indicating a decisive victory; this should be a subtype of 'beat, defeat'; includes part of verb sense 1 of 'defeat' in WordNet; Wordnet also includes metaphoric senses such as 'conquering fear', which are not included in this COSMO type: in WordNet: 1. (18) beat, beat out, crush, shell, trounce, vanquish - (come out better in a competition, race, or conflict; 'Agassi beat Becker in the tennis championship'; 'We beat the competition'; 'Harvard defeated Yale in the last football game') WN verb 'defeat': 1. (14) get the better of, overcome, defeat - (win a victory over; 'You must overcome all difficulties'; 'defeat your enemies'; 'He overcame his shyness'; 'She conquered here fear of mice'; 'He overcame his infirmity'; 'Her anger got the better of her and she blew up') WN noun 'beating': 1. (1) beating, whipping - (the act of overcoming or outdoing)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c WinningaContest^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some Competition^c hasDirectObject^op value Loser^c isPerformedBy^op value Winner^c
Sub-classes	RoutingaGoupOfPeople^c Outvoting^c TrumpingAnOpponent^c

Defeatist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defeatist`
Description	A ''Defeatist'' is a ''Pessimist'' who gives up trying because s/he thinks the task cannot be accomplished successfully. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defeatist' in WordNet: 1. defeatist, negativist - (someone who is resigned to defeat without offering positive suggestions)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value QuittingAction^c

Defecating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defecating`
Description	Expelling solid waste from the body. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defecate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca, crap, make - (have a bowel movement; 'The dog had made in the flower beds') WN noun 'elimination': 2. elimination, evacuation, excretion, excreting, voiding - (the bodily process of discharging waste matter) WN verb 'evacuate': 5. evacuate, void, empty - (excrete or discharge from the body)`
Super-classes	Excreting^c PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Feces^c produced^op value Feces^c
Sub-classes	HavingBloodyStools^c

Defect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defect`
Description	Each 'Defect' is a 'Flaw' in some ArtifactObject that is a part of a ''Device'' that renders it less than optimally functional. This can be present a time of manufacture, or can occur as a result of damaging. This can be a part of the device that does not perform its proper function. A ''Defect'' will cause a ''Malfunction'' but a ''Malfunction'' by itself is not a ''Defect''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'defect' and sense 1 of 'flaw' in WordNet: 1. (2) defect, fault, flaw - - (an imperfection in a device or machine; 'if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer')`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Flaw^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Device^c presenceCauses^op value Malfunctioning^c
Sub-classes	DamagedPart^c Leak^c

Defecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defecting`
Description	''Defecting'' is a ''CeaseParticipating'' in which a Person stops giving some form of ''SupportingAction'', and may start supporting an opposing Person, Group or Cause. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defect' in Wordnet: 1. defect, desert - (desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army; 'If soldiers deserted Hitler's army, they were shot') WN noun 'defection': 1. (1) desertion, abandonment, defection - (withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility; 'his abandonment of his wife and children left them penniless')`
Super-classes	CeaseParticipating^c
Restrictions	finishes^op value SupportingAction^c

Defective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defective

Description

The property of having a ''Defect''. This should be used for devices.

        Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'defective' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) defective, faulty - (having a defect;
               'I returned the appliance because it was defective')
          3. bad, defective - (not working properly; 
                    'a bad telephone connection'; 'a defective appliance')

Super-classes Flawed^c

Defendant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defendant

Description

A ''Defendant'' is a ''Litigant'' who is defending against a complaint in a court case, whether criminal or civil.

      NOTE that the criminal sense of 'suspect' is represented as
          the subtype ''Accused''. (a 'suspect' in normal usage
          is not necessarily a defendant).
        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defendant' in WordNet:
          1. (4) defendant, suspect - (a person or institution against whom 
            an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused)

Super-classes Litigant^c

Defenders^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defenders`
Description	''Defenders'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that has a common interest in defending something, which can be of any type,including abstract principles as well as places and people. This includes certain types of advocacy group that 'defend' something, like a 'Civil Liberties' defense Organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defense force' in WordNet: 1. defense, defence, defense force, defence force - (an organization of defenders that provides resistance against attack; 'he joined the defense against invasion')`
Super-classes	InterestGroup^c SocialGroup^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Defending^c
Sub-classes	DefendersOfPrinciple^c

DefendersOfPrinciple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefendersOfPrinciple`
Description	''DefendersOfPrinciple'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that has a common interest in defending some idea or prnciple. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bastion' in WordNet: 1. (1) bastion - (a group that defends a principle; 'a bastion against corruption'; 'the last bastion of communism')`
Super-classes	Defenders^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value UpholdingaCause^c

Defending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defending`
Description	An Action in which an Agent protects himself, a place, or an some other Agent against the acts of some opponent Agent. The case of 'defense' against a disease is a 'Protecting' (the parent type). Each 'Defending' is an 'Interfering' with the opponent's plans. The opponent is an important part of this concept. Corresponds to verb senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'defend' and verb sense 1 of 'protect' and verb sense 3 of 'guard' in WN; sense 4 should be 'defend against' - not close to the other meanings because the object defended against is not an opponent. Sense 3 is the more specific subtype 'HoldingAgainstAttack' in WordNet: 2. (14) defend - (be on the defensive; act against an attack) 3. (3) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') 4. (2) fight, oppose, fight back, fight down, defend - (fight against or resist strongly; 'The senator said he would oppose the bill'; 'Don't fight it!') 6. defend, represent - (be the defense counsel for someone in a trial; 'Ms. Smith will represent the defendant') WN verb 'guard': 3. (2) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') WN noun 'defense': 2. (327) defense, defence, defensive measure - (military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies; 'they died in the defense of Stalingrad'; 'they were developed for the defense program') 4. (40) defense, defence - (protection from harm; 'sanitation is the best defense against disease')
Super-classes	Interfering^c Protecting^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryDefenseAction^c HoldingAgainstAttack^c Self-Defense^c PlayingDefense^c DefendingAgainstAnAccusation^c

DefendingAgainstAnAccusation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefendingAgainstAnAccusation

Description

''DefendingAgainstAnAccusation'' is a 'Defending' Action in which a Person takes some action - usually verbal - to rebut an accusation so as to preserve her/his reputation an avoid bad consequences. The defending can take various forms, all included here.

        Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'defend' in WordNet:
          7. maintain, defend - (state or assert; 'He maintained his innocence')

Super-classes Defending^c

DefendingaProposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefendingaProposition`
Description	Each ''DefendingaProposition'' is an ''ArguingInFavorOfSomething'' that is a ''Responding'' to some ''ArguingAgainstSomething'' where the 'something' is the same ''Proposition'' both for and against. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defend' in WordNet: 1. (19) defend, support, fend for - (argue or speak in defense of; 'She supported the motion to strike') WN noun 'pro': 2. pro - (an argument in favor of a proposal)`
Super-classes	ArguingInFavorOfSomething^c Responding^c
Restrictions	produces^op some ArgumentPro^c refersToExternalEntity^op some Proposition^c wasaResponseToEvent^op some ArguingAgainstSomething^c
Sub-classes	UpholdingaCause^c

DefenseSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefenseSystem`
Description	$DefenseSystem is a specialization of both `#$ProtectiveSystem and #$Artifact. Instances of #$DefenseSystem are created by agents to protect things (not necessarily the agents themselves) from harmful situations or individuals.`
Super-classes	ProtectiveSystem^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Sub-classes	SecurityDevice^c Armor^c Shield^c SmokeAlarm^c DefensiveWall^c

Defensive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defensive

Description

''Defensive'' describes Actions or objects that have the purpose of ''Defending'' something against some possible harm or threat. 'on the defensive' -adj?? 'defensive weapons' - oxymoron?

     Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'defensive' in WordNet:
         1. (9) defensive - (intended or appropriate for defending against or
           deterring aggression or attack; 'defensive weapons'; 'a defensive stance')
     2. (1) defensive, justificative, justificatory - (attempting to justify or defend
         in speech or writing)
         3. defensive - (serving as or appropriate for defending or protecting; 
           'defensive fortifications'; 'defensive dikes to protect against floods')

Super-classes Protective^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

DefensiveStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefensiveStructure`
Description	A 'DefensiveStructure' is a PhysicalObject that is designed to hold people and protect them from attack. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defensive structure' in WordNet: 1. defensive structure, defense, defence - (a structure used to defend against attack; 'the artillery battered down the defenses')`
Super-classes	Structure^c Place^c SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Fortification^c Stronghold^c

DefensiveTeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefensiveTeam`
Description	A ''DefensiveTeam'' is a ''SportsTeam'' that is on the 'defense' during a ''GameEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defense' in WordNet: 1. (386) defense, defence, defending team - ((sports) the team that is trying to prevent the other team from scoring; 'his teams are always good on defense')`
Super-classes	Competitor^c SportsTeam^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op some GameEvent^c

DefensiveWall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefensiveWall`
Description	A Wall-GenericBarrier surrounding an area that is not a single bilding, but has ground or other base on which structures inside the wall can be built.
Super-classes	Enclosure^c SurroundingWall^c DefenseSystem^c SheetArtifact^c

Defensively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defensively`
Description	''Defensively'' Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'defensively' in WordNet: 1. defensively - (in an apologetic and defensive manner; '`I felt it better you should know,' said Sir Cedric defensively') 2. defensively - (in a defensive manner; 'the general conviction that our side is in the right and acting defensively over what Russians call the German question and Americans the Berlin crisis')
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Deference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deference`
Description	''Deference'' is a ''PoliteAction'' that is more than moderately ''Polite'' in which a Person 'defers' to another Person to express recognition of that other Person's superior status in some respect. This includes giving 'deference' to some written opinion of a Person the 'deferer' considers worth respect. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deference' in WordNet: 1. (1) deference, respect - (a courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard; 'his deference to her wishes was very flattering'; 'be sure to give my respects to the dean')`
Super-classes	PoliteAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Deferring^c
Sub-classes	Homage^c

Deferential^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deferential`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deferential' in Wordnet: 1. deferent, deferential, regardful - (showing deference)`
Super-classes	Informative^c

Deferring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deferring`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defer' in WordNet: 2. (1) submit, bow, defer, accede, give in - (submit or yield to another's wish or opinion; 'The government bowed to the military pressure')`
Super-classes	Yielding^c

Defiance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defiance`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defiance' in WordNet: 1. (3) defiance, rebelliousness - (intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude)`
Super-classes	Disobedience^c Intractability^c ChallengingaPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Contemptuous^c hasSubEvent^op value Contempt^c

Defiant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defiant

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'defiant' in WordNet:
        1. (2) defiant, noncompliant - (boldly resisting authority 
        or an opposing force; 'brought up to be aggressive and defiant'; 'a defiant attitude')

Super-classes Resistant^c

DeficiencyDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeficiencyDisease`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deficiency disease' in WordNet: 1. deficiency disease - (any disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrient (as a vitamin or mineral))`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Sub-classes	Malnutrition^c

Deficient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deficient`
Description	''Deficient'' is a sbtype of ''Lacking'' for things that do not have ('lack') something desirable. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deficient' in Wordnet: 1. (1) deficient, lacking, wanting - (inadequate in amount or degree; 'a deficient education'; 'deficient in common sense'; 'lacking in stamina'; 'tested and found wanting')`
Super-classes	Lacking^c Undesirable^c
Sub-classes	Skimpy^c Meager^c Insufficient^c LowFat^c

Deficit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deficit`
Description	''Deficiency'' is the quantitative measure of some 'shortage' of material (objects or substances) that are needed for some task or desired ''GoalSituation''. This is represented by referencing the two quantities: ''AvailableQuantity'' and ''DesiredQuantity'', and the actual quantitative shortfall can be calculated as the difference between those two quantities. NOTE: the ''Deficit'' specifies the desired and available amounts of money, but this type does not itself specify the numerical difference between those numbers. @ToDo: this type should have a relation specifing the numerical difference, where that is relevant. See ''NumericalDifference'' NOTE: the situation of lacking a needed resource is a ''LackingSomething'' and the complete absence of a resource is a ''Lack''. NOTE: there may be a ''Deficiency'' in more than one quantity in a given situation, and each of those ''Deficiency''s needs to be represented as a different instance of this type so that the units of ''AvailableQuantity' and ''DesiredQuantity'' are the same in each of the elements pointed to by the relations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deficiency' and noun sense 1 of 'deficit' in WordNet: 2. (2) insufficiency, inadequacy, deficiency - (lack of an adequate quantity or number; 'the inadequacy of unemployment benefits') WN noun 'deficit': 1. (1) deficit, shortage, shortfall - (the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required; 'new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit')
Super-classes	Difference^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Insufficient^c hasSecondElement^op only DesiredQuantity^c hasFirstElement^op only AvailableQuantity^c
Sub-classes	BudgetDeficit^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Need1000Have100Dollars

Defined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defined

Description

''Defined'' is the attribute of a word or mlti-word term used in some Text.

       Corresponds to *part* (for explanatory definitions, not for tasks)
         of adjective sense 1 of 'defined' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) defined - (clearly characterized or delimited;
           'lost in a maze of words both defined and undefined';
           'each child has clearly defined duties')

Super-classes Written^c

Defining^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defining

Description

''Defining'' is an attribute characterizing some TimePoint or Event that is important in determining some subsequent Event(s).

       'defining moment'; ''a defining turn of events'.

     No WN  sense for this concept.
     RHW 'defining' adj.: decisive; critically important: 
          Taking a course in architecture was a defining turn in her life.

Super-classes Important^c

DefiningaWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefiningaWord`
Description	''DefiningaWord'' is a ''DescribingSomething'' in which the thing described is a Word or Phrase, and the description is the meaning of the word or phrase. This can be a translation, but the thing translated should be a single word or common phrase,not a full text or even a sentence.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'define' in WordNet: 1. (28) define - (give a definition for the meaning of a word; 'Define 'sadness'')`
Super-classes	DescribingSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Definition^c hadInformationTransferred^op some Meaning^c
Sub-classes	RedefiningaWord^c

DefiniteDescription^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefiniteDescription

Description

A DefiniteDescription is a phrase that refers to some entity by a specification if its properties, such as 'That man in the red hat' or 'The Hunchback of Notre dame'. Such descriptions can be highly context-dependent, and may change with time or location. The time dependence makes it convenient to classify the referent for such descriptions as Roles.

   At this point (iteration 265) it is not certain that
   every DefiniteDescription will reference a Role, so there
   is no necessary restriction applied to the referent.

Super-classes NounPhrase^c

DefiniteDescriptionRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefiniteDescriptionRole`
Description	A DefiniteDescriptionRole is a Role that is the meaning referent for a linguistic phrase that refers to some entity by a specification if its properties, such as 'That man in the red hat'. Such descriptions can be highly context-dependent, and may change with time. The time dependence makes it convenient to classify this referent for such descriptions as Roles.
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op some DefiniteDescription^c

Definitely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Definitely`
Description	''Definitely'' is an adverb of manner with essentially the same meaning as the instance of Adverb ''certainly''.
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Definition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Definition`
Description	A definition is a 'LinguisticDescription' of a Type that specifies any necessary and/or sufficient conditions for an entity to be classified as an instance of that Type. The Topic described may be a word, short phrase, or even an unlabelled concept. A Definition does not have to be complete in the sense of being a set of necessary and sufficient conditions, but should include at least one condition, whether that is necessary or sufficient. A Definition may also include methods to identify an entity as an instance of a Type. A definition that includes only a sufficient condition (e.g. that being an instance of a subclass is sufficient to be an instance of a class) may have no content allowing one to distinguish it from other individual entities or types. A Definition may be expressed in a logical language, or in ordinary human language. `Includes sense 1 of 'definition' in WordNet, but also includes logical symbolic definitions: in WordNet: 1. (13) definition - (a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol)`
Super-classes	LinguisticDescription^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (Word^c or Phrase^c) isProducedByEventType^op some DefiningaWord^c
Sub-classes	Redefinition^c DictionaryDefinition^c

Definitive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Definitive

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'definitive' in WordNet:
      2. authoritative, classical, definitive - (of recognized authority or excellence; 
             'the definitive work on Greece'; 'classical methods of navigation')

Super-classes Excellent^c

Deflated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deflated`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'deflated' in Wordnet: 2. deflated - (collapsed through the release of gas or air)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

DeflatingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeflatingAction`
Description	A ''DeflatingAction'' is an action in which some inflated Container Object loses some of the fluid that inflates it, usually reducing the pressure inside. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'deflate' in WordNet: 1. deflate - (collapse by releasing contained air or gas; 'deflate a balloon') 2. deflate - (release contained air or gas from; 'deflate the air mattress')`
Super-classes	Inserting^c ExpandingInVolume^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value InflatableContainer^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value InflatingAction^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Volume^c hadObjectMoved^op some FluidType^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Deflated^c

Deflation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deflation

Description

'Deflation' is an 'Inflation' that has a negative percentage rate. This differs somewhat from the WordNet meaning, which seems to require a reduction in economic activity. For small temporary periods of deflation there is no necessary correlation. This 'Deflation' can be caused by reduction in production costs - increases in productivity.

       Thisis closer to RHW sense: 'Econ. a fall in the general price level or a contraction of credit
           and available money (opposed to inflation). Cf. disinflation.'

      Corresponds only in part to noun sense 1 of 'deflation' in WordNet:
        2. deflation - (a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices)

Super-classes Inflation^c

DeflectingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeflectingSomething`
Description	''DeflectingSomething'' is An Event in which a ''Path-Spatial'' of something moving is changed by the action (which can be a static presence) of some Physicalobject or Force - i.e. the direction of movement of a ''MovingThing'' (object, wave) is changed. This is broad, and can be used for reflecting light, echoing radar waves, echoing sounds, or guiding a light beam through an optical fiber, as well as changing the direction of moving objects,such as bouncing a ball, derailing a train, hitting a baseball or tennis ball, changing motion with a magnetic or electrical or gravitational field. `Changes ''VelocityVector''?? ''DirectionMeasure''? Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'deflect' in WordNet (turn from a straight course): in Wordnet: 2. deflect, bend, turn away - (turn from a straight course , fixed direction, or line of interest)`
Super-classes	ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c CausingaShapeChange^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some DirectionMeasure^c hadThingAffected^op some Path-Spatial^c causes^op some ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c hadThingAffected^op some MovingThing^c
Sub-classes	DeflectingaWave^c DerailingaTrain^c Echoing^c

DeflectingaWave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeflectingaWave`
Description	''DeflectingaWave'' is An Event in which a ''Path-Spatial'' of a ''WavePropagationEvent''(e.g. light, radio waves, sound) is changed. `This is broad, and can be used for reflecting light, echoing radar waves, echoing sounds, or guiding a light beam through an optical fiber. Change ''VelocityVector''?? ''DirectionMeasure''? Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'deflect' in WordNet (turn from a straight course): in Wordnet: 2. deflect, bend, turn away - (turn from a straight course , fixed direction, or line of interest)`
Super-classes	DeflectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some DirectionMeasure^c hadThingAffected^op some Path-Spatial^c hadThingAffected^op some MovingThing^c

Deforestation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deforestation`
Description	''Deforestation'' is a ''RemovingSomething'' where the thing(s) removed are ''Tree''s. This can be accomplished by cutting and hauling away Trees, or by burning them down, or by some disease or environmental condition that causes the Trees to die off. The restriction requires the removal of at least 20 Trees, but there are usually many more than that removed or destroyed. `CYC: The collection of all events of a forested #$GeographicalRegion being made less so. Involves destruction of habitat and removal of trees. Corresponds approximately but is mores pecific than to noun sense 2 of 'deforestation'; this type is not for just removing trees in any location, it is for the reduction in size of some ''Forest''. in WordNet: 2. deforestation, disforestation - (the removal of trees)`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c PhysicalDestructionEvent^c ShrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Forest^c hadObjectMoved^op min 20

Deformable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deformable`
Description	Things which are #$Deformable will give way to some degree when force is applied. They may or may not spring back to shape after the pressure is released. `No sense in Wordnet.`
Super-classes	Solid^c
Sub-classes	SemiSolid^c Distensible^c Semirigid^c Compressible^c Flexible^c Soft^c

Deformed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deformed`
Description	''Deformed'' is the attribute of an Object whose shape has been changed by ''Deforming''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deformed' in WordNet: 1. (1) deformed, distorted, ill-shapen, malformed, misshapen - (so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly; 'deformed thalidomide babies'; 'his poor distorted limbs'; 'an ill-shapen vase'; 'a limp caused by a malformed foot'; 'misshapen old fingers')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Grotesque^c

Deforming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deforming`
Description	CYC: The collection of all intransitive ''Event''s in which the subject changes shape without the object losing or gaining material. This represents the intransitive senses of 'deform'. `Includes verb senses 4 and 6 of 'deform' in Wordnet: 4. deform - (become misshapen; 'The sidewalk deformed during the earthquake') 6. change shape, change form, deform - (assume a different shape or form)`
Super-classes	ShapeChange^c
Sub-classes	CoilLoosening^c ElongatingEvent^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c ContortingTheBody^c

DeformingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeformingSomething`
Description	CYC: The collection of all 'Event''s in which the some object changes shape without the object losing or gaining material, as a result of the Action of some other Agent. This transitive senses of 'deform'. CYC 'ShapeChangeWithoutLosingMaterial': The collection of all events in which the shape of an object changes without the object losing or gaining material. This includes natural shape-change events (like coils loosening or tree branches swaying in the wind), animals moving parts of their bodies, and objects being intensionally deformed by outside agents (for which, see #$ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial). Includes all 6 verb senses of 'deform' in Wordnet: 1. deform - (make formless; 'the heat deformed the plastic sculpture') 2. contort, deform, distort, wring - (twist and press out of shape) 3. flex, bend, deform, twist, turn - (cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form; 'bend the rod'; 'twist the dough into a braid'; 'the strong man could turn an iron bar') 5. deform, distort, strain - (alter the shape of (something) by stress; 'His body was deformed by leprosy')
Super-classes	ShapeChange^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Deforming^c
Sub-classes	Bending^c

Defrauding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defrauding`
Description	''Defrauding'' is a ''Deceiving'' in which one agent obtains something valuable - usually money - by causing the victim to believe something false. The false assertion can be about almost anything that would cause a person to give money or other valuables. This can be done over the internet. Some subtypes of ''Defrauding'' could be broken out, such as shirt-changing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defraud' in WordNet: 1. (2) victimize, swindle, rook, goldbrick, nobble, diddle, bunco, defraud, scam, mulct, gyp, gip, hornswoggle, short-change, con - (deprive of by deceit; 'He swindled me out of my inheritance'; 'She defrauded the customers who trusted her'; 'the cashier gypped me when he gave me too little change') WN Includes sense 1 of 'deceive' and sense 1 of 'cheat' in WordNet: WN verb Deceive: 1. (5) deceive, lead on, delude, cozen - (be false to; be dishonest with) WN verb 'cozen': 3. cozen - (cheat or trick; 'He cozened the money out of the old man') WN verb 'cheat': 1. (2) cheat, rip off, chisel - (deprive somebody of something by deceit; 'The con-man beat me out of $50'; 'This salesman ripped us off!'; 'we were cheated by their clever-sounding scheme'; 'They chiseled me out of my money') WN noun 'swindle': 1. swindle, cheat, rig - (the act of swindling by some fraudulent scheme; 'that book is a fraud') WN noun 'scam': 1. scam, cozenage - (a fraudulent business scheme)
Super-classes	MakingaGain^c Deceiving^c VictimizingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Overcharging^c

Defrosting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Defrosting`
Description	Specifically for the melting of ''Frost'', a form of Ice. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defrost' in WordNet: 1. (1) defrost, deice, de-ice - (make or become free of frost or ice; 'Defrost the car window')`
Super-classes	Thawing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Frost^c

Deftly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deftly`
Description	''Deftly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Actions performed with the body, especially the hands, that are efficient and effective, indicating skill in performing that Action. For actions performed skilfully with the hands, use subtype ''Dexterously''. `Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'deftly' in WordNet: 2. deftly - (in a deft manner; 'Lois deftly removed her scarf')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Dexterously^c

DefusingAnExplosive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DefusingAnExplosive`
Description	''DefusingAnExplosive'' is an Action in which.an agent physically removes a ''Fuse'' or ''Detonator'' from an ''ExplosiveDevice'' that has some form of ''Fuse'' attached. The ''Fuse'' can be cordlike, or a small explosive device (such as a blasting cap or the fuse on an aerial bomb) that is inserted in in a larger quantity of explosive. To cut a wire to an explosive device is not an instance of tis type, but of the parent ''Inactivating''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defuse' in WordNet: 1. defuse - (remove the triggering device from)`
Super-classes	Inactivating^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value ExplosiveDevice^c

Degeneration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Degeneration`
Description	Each 'Degeneration' is a 'DecreaseEvent' in which some desirable quality in some Object becomes less desirable (i.e. worse). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'degeneration' and verb sense 1 of 'degenerate' in WordNet: 1. (1) degeneration, devolution -(the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality) WN verb 'degenerate': 1. devolve, deteriorate, drop, degenerate - (grow worse; 'Her condition deteriorated'; 'Conditions in the slums degenerated'; 'The discussion devolved into a shouting match')`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c WorseningEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PiningAway^c

Degrading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Degrading`
Description	''Degrading'' is a ''DeteriorationEvent'' that reduces the value of something, usually an ArtifactObject. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'degrade' in WordNet: 3. degrade, cheapen - (lower the grade of something; reduce its worth) WN noun 'degradation': 1. (1) degradation, debasement - (changing to a lower state (a less respected state))`
Super-classes	DeteriorationEvent^c LosingFunctionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Value^c
Sub-classes	Adulterating^c Devaluing^c

DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution`
Description	SUMO (PostSecondarySchool) The class of Schools that offer an associate's degree or a bachelor's degree. `Cyc: #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution is a specialization of #$HigherEducationInstitution. Each instance of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution is a higher education institution that grants degrees. For those that do not grant degrees, such as colleges of universities, e.g. Trinity College, Cambridge, see specs of #$NonDegreeGrantingInstitution.`
Super-classes	School^c HigherEducationInstitution^c
Sub-classes	VocationalOrTechnicalSchool^c SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting^c JuniorCollege^c CollegeOrGraduateSchool^c

DegreeOfIntensity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DegreeOfIntensity`
Description	'DegreeOfIntensity' is an AttributeType whose values express some 'IntensiveAttributeValue'. This is a broad class of attributes, including those whose intensity varies gradually, as well as those for which discrete level have been identified. The sense of 'degree' meaning 'stage of development' is expressed by 'StageOfDevelopment'. The sense meaning 'grade', or level of quality is the subtype 'LevelOfQuality' `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'level' and sense 1 of 'degree' in WordNet: 1. (467) degree, grade, level - (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; 'a moderate grade of intelligence'; 'a high level of care is required'; 'it is all a matter of degree') 2. (169) grade, level, tier - (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; 'lumber of the highest grade')`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Immoderateness^c LevelOfQuality^c

DegreeOfOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DegreeOfOrder`
Description	'DegreeOfOrder' is an AttributeType pertaining to groups of things. The values of this AttributeType specify the kind of ordering, if any, that a Group has.
Super-classes	GroupAttribute^c

DegreeOfTolerance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DegreeOfTolerance`
Description	'DegreeOfTolerance' is a BehavioralDisposition of a Person that expresses to what extent a Person will 'tolerate' (not object to or not strongly object to) the behavior of others.
Super-classes	Action^c BehavioralDisposition^c

Dehumidifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dehumidifier`
Description	Any ElectricalDevice that takes moisture out of the Air in some enclosed space. `RHW: an appliance for removing moisture from the air, as for lowering the humidity in a storage room.`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Dehumidifying^c

Dehumidifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dehumidifying`
Description	''Dehumidifying'' is the Action of reducing the ''RelativeHumidity'' (in effect, the percentage of water in the air or some other fluid) of the air in some enclosed space. This is a ''PurposefulAction'' by some Person(s) using a ''Dehumidifier'' or a ''DehumidifyingPacket'' of some kind. `The ''Dehumidifying'' using an ElectricalDevice and that using a ''DehumidifyingPacket'' can be differentiated by using this type as parent type without the ''mayUseInstrument'' restriction, and then adding the appropriate restriction to the subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dehumidify' in WordNet: 1. dehumidify - (make less humid; "The air conditioner dehumidifies the air in the summer")`
Super-classes	Drying^c Reduction^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value DehumidifyingPacket^c mayUseInstrument^op value Dehumidifier^c hadReducedEntity^op value RelativeHumidity^c hadChangedEntity^op value ContainedAir^c

DehumidifyingPacket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DehumidifyingPacket`
Description	A ''DehumidifyingPacket'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that contains a ''Desiccant'' capable of absorbing water, usually employed to dehumidify ''ContainedAir'' (as in a bottle of ''DrugProduct'' or other package), but possibly used for removing water from nonaqueous liquids. This can be a freely manipulable object, or a part of a system that passes a fluid through the ''DehumidifyingPacket'', which could be a tube.
Super-classes	AbsorbentObject^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value Dehumidifying^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absorbent^c

Dehydration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dehydration`
Description	The ''AilmentCondition'' of ''Dehydration''. Is accompanied by ''Thirst''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dehydration' in WordNet: 2. dehydration - (depletion of bodily fluids)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Thirst^c performsAction^op value DrugAbuse^c

Dejected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dejected`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dejected' in Wordnet: 1. (1) dejected - (affected or marked by low spirits; 'is dejected but trying to look cheerful')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Dejection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dejection`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dejection' in WordNet: 1. (2) dejection - (a state of melancholy depression)`
Super-classes	Depression-Feeling^c

Delayed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delayed

Description

''Delayed'' is an attribute of some ''Event'' that occurs after . it was originally planned or expected to occur, or of an Agent that was unable to do something (such as arrive at a place) because of some ''DelayingAnAgent'' Event.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'delayed' in Wordnet:
            1. (8) delayed - (caused to be slower or later; 'the delayed plane finally arrived')
            2. delayed - (not as far along as normal in development)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Delaying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delaying`
Description	Each instance of Delaying is a PersistentState in which some 'IntentionalAgent' refrains from doing something that s/he is planning to do or expected to do by someone else. The planned/expected action may never be done; the Delaying ceases when the plan changes or the expectation ceases, or the agent decides that s/he will never do that action. This differs from 'Waiting' in that a 'Delaying' may not need a anticipated Event to trigger the resumption of activity, whereas 'Waiting' does require some triggering Event. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'delay' in Wordnet: 2. (6) delay - (act later than planned, scheduled, or required; 'Don't delay your application to graduate school or else it won't be considered')`
Super-classes	Inaction^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value DelayingAction^c
Sub-classes	Dawdling^c Procrastinating^c Hesitating^c Postponing^c

DelayingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DelayingAction`
Description	A ''DelayingAction'' is a ''PurposefulAction'' performed by some ''Person'' that (intentionally or unintentionally) causes a ''Delaying'' in some other Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delay' in WordNet: 2. (2) delay, holdup - (the act of delaying; inactivity resulting in something being put off until a later time)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Delaying^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Filibustering^c

DelayingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DelayingAnAgent

Description

This is an action that causes a delay in some other Agent's action. For delaying oneself (putting something off), use 'Delaying'. Note that natural phenomena such as bad weather can serve as the active Agent of this Action.

     Instances are actions which one agent takes to
        hinder another agent's progress towards completing
        some other action.  See also #$delayUntilTime.

        This corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'delay'
          in WordNet, but the examples seem to mix in
          part of sense 2.
        in WordNet:
          1. (8) delay, detain, hold up - (cause to be slowed down or delayed;
            Traffic was delayed by the bad weather';
            'she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform')

Super-classes Interfering^c

Delegate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delegate`
Description	A ''Delegate'' is a 'Representative' who acts on behalf of and for the benefit of some GoupOfPeople or Organization. This can have various subtypes, such as a deegate to a convention or a delegate to the United Nations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delegate' in WordNet: 1. (1) delegate - (a person appointed or elected to represent others)`
Super-classes	Representative^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value AssigningAgentToRole^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value RepresentingaGroup^c
Sub-classes	ElectedOfficial^c

DelegatingAuthority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DelegatingAuthority`
Description	Each ''DelegatingAuthority'' is a ''AssigningaResponsibility'' in which some authority as a representative of a Group or Organization (i.e. as a ''Delegate'') is transferred to a Person. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'delegate' in WordNet: 1. delegate, depute - (transfer power to someone)`
Super-classes	AssigningaResponsibility^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Delegate^c

Delegation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delegation`
Description	A ''Delegation'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a Delegate appointed or elected to represent a GroupOfPeople or an Organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delegation' in WordNet: 1. (1) deputation, commission, delegation, delegacy, mission - (a group of representatives or delegates)`
Super-classes	TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value AssigningAgentToRole^c hasMember^op only Delegate^c

DeletingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeletingSomething`
Description	''DeletingSomething'' is a ''RemovingSomething'' where the thing removed is also destroyed (at least within some context, though it may be restored from some backup). `This is the most general meaning, It applies mostly to abstract Objects, but may be used metaphorically. ('Carthago delenda est') Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'delete' in WordNet: 1. delete, cancel - (remove or make invisible; 'Please delete my name from your list') 2. erase, delete - (wipe out magnetically recorded information) 3. edit, blue-pencil, delete - (cut or eliminate; 'she edited the juiciest scenes')`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	ErasingaVisibleMark^c Excising^c Cancelling^c DeletingText^c Censoring^c

DeletingText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeletingText`
Description	''DeletingText'' is an Action in which some part of a ''AbstractText'' is removed (and possibly replaced) for any reason, as in editing or proofreading or ''Censoring'' (a subtype )
Super-classes	DeletingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value AbstractText^c
Sub-classes	Editing^c

DeliSlice-MeatCut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeliSlice-MeatCut`
Description	Any quantity of any kind of sliced meat especially those typically found at a 'Deli counter' in a food store, or served at a 'Deli restaurant'.
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c FoodPortion^c

Deliberate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deliberate

Description

''Deliberate'' is the attribute of an ''Action'' that is produced by (the mental result of) a ''Deliberating'' Action, i.e. it is intentional but not performed casually, rather requires some calculation of the likely consequences. Thus this sense is a synonym of the WN 'calculated'.

       Includes adjective senses 3, 4,and 5 of 'deliberate' in WordNet:
          3. studied, deliberate - (produced or marked by conscious design 
            or premeditation; 'a studied smile'; 'a note of biting irony and studied insult'- V.L.Parrington)
          4. deliberate - (marked by careful consideration or reflection; 'a deliberate decision')
          5. calculated, deliberate, measured - (carefully thought out in advance; 
              'a calculated insult'; 'with measured irony')

Super-classes Intentional^c

Deliberately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deliberately`
Description	''Deliberately'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action that the the agent of the Action intended to perform that Action, i.e. it was not accidental or an unintentional side-effect of some other Action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deliberately' in WordNet: 1. (12) intentionally, deliberately, designedly, on purpose, purposely, advisedly, by choice, by design - (with intention; in an intentional manner; 'he used that word intentionally'; 'I did this by choice')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Purposefully^c

Deliberating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deliberating`
Description	''Deliberating'' is a careful ''Considering'' performed by one or more people. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'deliberate' in WordNet: 1. consider, debate, moot, turn over, deliberate - (think about carefully; weigh; 'They considered the possibility of a strike'; 'Turn the proposal over in your mind') 2. debate, deliberate - (discuss the pros and cons of an issue) WN verb 'consider: 2. (56) study, consider - (give careful consideration to; 'consider the possibility of moving') 8. view, consider, look at - (look at carefully; study mentally; 'view a problem') WN noun 'deliberation': 2. (1) deliberation, weighing, advisement - (careful consideration; 'a little deliberation would have deterred them')
Super-classes	Considering^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Careful^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thorough^c

Delicate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delicate`
Description	'Delicate' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is easily broken, or (such as an animal) susceptible to injury. This does not include metaphoric usage that suggests slim or finely rendered figures. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'delicate', sense 1 of 'fragile' and sense 3 of 'frail' in WordNet. However, sense 1 of 'delicate' seems to include part of this sense, and does not seem distinct in meaning from sense 3. in WordNet: 1. (6) delicate - (exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury; 'a delicate violin passage'; 'delicate china'; 'a delicate flavor'; 'the delicate wing of a butterfly') 3. (3) delicate, fragile, frail - (easily broken or damaged or destroyed; 'a kite too delicate to fly safely'; 'fragile porcelain plates'; 'fragile old bones'; 'a frail craft')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Dainty^c Flimsy^c Light-Duty^c

Delicately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delicately`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'delicately' in Wordnet: 1. (1) finely, fine, delicately, exquisitely - (in a delicate manner; 'finely shaped features'; 'her fine drawn body')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Delicatessen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delicatessen`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'delicatessen' in WordNet: 2. delicatessen, deli, food shop - (a shop selling ready-to-eat food products)`
Super-classes	RetailStore^c
Restrictions	sells^op value TakeOutFoodObject^c

Delicious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delicious

Description

'Delicious' is a more intensive level of 'Tasty'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'delicious' in WordNet:
         2. delectable, delicious, luscious, pleasant-tasting, scrumptious, toothsome, yummy -
           (extremely pleasing to the sense of taste)

Super-classes Tasty^c

Delight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delight`
Description	An intensive form of ''Pleasure''. This is an EmotionalState, being an intensive form of both Happiness and Enjoyment, but is less intense than Joy, and usually more temporary; Delight is Enjoyment to the level of producing 'Happiness' (at least temporarily). NOTE that Delight and 'Enjoyment' are DirectedFeelings, whereas Happiness is not necessarily directed at any particular cause. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'delight' in WordNet: 1. (9) delight, delectation - (a feeling of extreme pleasure or satisfaction; 'his delight to see her was obvious to all')`
Super-classes	Happiness^c Enjoyment^c EmotionalState^c Pleasure^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute^op value Delightful^c
Sub-classes	Joy^c

Delighted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delighted`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Delight. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'delighted' in WordNet: 1. (3) delighted - (greatly pleased)`
Super-classes	Happy^c
Sub-classes	Joyful^c

Delightful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delightful`
Description	''Delightful'' is an intensive subtype of ''Pleasant'', causing not only pleasure but the more intensive 'delight'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'delightful' in Wordnet: 1. (11) delightful, delicious - (greatly pleasing or entertaining; 'a delightful surprise'; 'the comedy was delightful'; 'a delicious joke')`
Super-classes	Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	Idyllic^c

DelightingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DelightingSomeone`
Description	An Event in which some person becomes Delighted (experiences Delight). This is not necessarily an act of a Person, it can be something as intangible as the view from a height. `To instantiate this type requires that the person(s) Delighted be specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'delight' in WordNet: 1. (5) please, delight - (give pleasure to or be pleasing to; 'These colors please the senses'; 'a pleasing sensation')`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Delight^c

DelineatingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DelineatingSomething

Description

''DelineatingSomething'' is a ''DescribingSpecifics'' that creates a 'picture' of something, whether in graphical form or in words.

      Includes verb senses 3 and 5 of 'delineate' in WordNet:
          5. delineate - (describe in vivid detail)
          3. delineate, limn, outline - (trace the shape of)

Super-classes DescribingSpecifics^c

Delinquent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delinquent

Description

''Delinquent'' is a subAttribute of 'Guilty' for juveniles that are ''Guilty'' of an act of ''JuvenileDelinquency''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'delinquent' in Wordnet:
          1. delinquent - (guilty of a minor misdeed; 'delinquent minors')

Super-classes Guilty^c

Delivering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delivering`
Description	Delivering is a Bringing of an Object in which the Agent who is Bringing completes the Delivering event by transfering possession of the Object to another Agent. This delivering includes the Bringing from the source all the way to the final detination and the transfer of possession at the end. The ChangeOfPossession does not require that the receiving agent be on hand; a Delivering to a residence, leaving an Object on the doorstep or in a mailbox, is still a Delivering. This does not imply, as the WN gloss suggests, 'delivering' information, unless that information is on some physical object that is delivered. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deliver' and noun sense 1 of 'delivery' in WordNet: 2. (15) deliver - (bring to a destination, make a delivery; 'our local super market delivers') WN noun 'delivery': 1. (3) delivery, bringing - (the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail); 'his reluctant delivery of bad news')
Super-classes	Bringing^c ChangeOfPossession^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op some (Cargo^c or PhysicalObject^c or Person^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	DeliveringMail^c ServingaLegalDocument^c DeliveringIce^c DeliveringNewspapers^c Logistics^c DeliveringMilk^c

DeliveringIce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeliveringIce`
Description	''DeliveringIce'' is the act of ''Delivering'' some quantity of ''Ice'' to some location or Agent. This is the action performed by an ''Iceman'' and perhaps other Agents.
Super-classes	Delivering^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op value Ice^c

DeliveringMail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeliveringMail`
Description	''DeliveringMail'' is the act of ''Delivering'' official ''Mail'' to some location or Agent. This is the action performed by a ''Mailman'' and perhaps other Agents.
Super-classes	Delivering^c TransportationServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op value Mail^c

DeliveringMilk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeliveringMilk`
Description	''DeliveringMilk'' is the act of ''Delivering'' some quantity of 'Milk'' to some location or Agent. This is the action performed by a ''Milkman'' and perhaps other Agents.
Super-classes	Delivering^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op value Milk^c

DeliveringNewspapers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeliveringNewspapers`
Description	''DeliveringNewspapers'' is the act of ''Delivering'' newspapers to a subscriber's home or other location,
Super-classes	Delivering^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op value NewspaperCopy^c

DeliveryPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeliveryPerson`
Description	A ''DeliveryPerson'' is a ''Person'' (male or female) who is employed (or self-employed) to deliver objects to locations (people, homes, busniesses). This is the primary category even though the ''DeliveryPerson'' drives a vehicle in order to perform that task. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deliveryman' in Wordnet: 1. deliveryman, delivery boy, deliverer - (someone employed to make deliveries)`
Super-classes	Employee^c ServicePosition^c BlueCollarWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Delivering^c
Sub-classes	IceMan^c MailMan^c MilkMan^c NewsBoy^c

Deluge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deluge`
Description	A ''Deluge'' is ''LargeQuantity'' of items that are received by a Person, sufficient that they are difficult to treat properly or as desired. It is inconvenient and usually unpleasant or annoying (unless they are congratulations or praises or fan letters). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deluge' in WordNet: 1. (1) flood, inundation, deluge, torrent - (an overwhelming number or amount; 'a flood of requests'; 'a torrent of abuse')`
Super-classes	LargeQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inconvenient^c

Delusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Delusion`
Description	A ''Delusion'' is a ''HavingAnOpinion'' (a ''MentalState'') in which the 'opinion' is irrational, not based on observable or provable facts, but on intuitive mental processes that can cause beliefs without meaningful factual basis. The mental process that produces such beliefs can be varied, and when the subjects of such beliefs, when pressed to explain them, can point to meaningless things that are not at all probatory. `A ''Delusion'' can be recognized as such when strong evidence to the contrary is presented and the person holding the delusion refuses to accept it, dismissing it as lies or 'fake news'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delusion' in WordNet: 1. delusion, psychotic belief - ((psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary)`
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c MentalState^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Irrational^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Erroneous^c
Sub-classes	HallucinationState^c

DelvingIntoaTopic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DelvingIntoaTopic

Description

''DelvingIntoaTopic'' is a type of Research (of any kind, laboratory, field, or library) that explores a topic at a level more detailed than just a surface survey. This usually refers to library style research or study.

      RHW 'delve':
         1. to carry on intensive and thorough research for data, information, or the like;
            investigate: to delve into the issue of prison reform.

Super-classes Research^c

Demanding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Demanding

Description

''Demanding'' is a subtype of ''Assertive'' characterizing both a Person who demands high performance levels (e.g. from students or employees or subordinates), or of the statements made by such people that convey their demands.

    Opposite of ''Lenient''.

  ??Use also for standards and rules?? 'rigid'?

   Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'demanding' (of the person
      or statement, not of the situation) and sense 5 of 'strict' in WordNet:
     1. (4) demanding - (requiring more than usually expected 
        or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill; 
        'found the job very demanding'; 'a baby can be so demanding')
    WN adj 'strict':
      5. stern, strict, exacting - (severe and unremitting in making demands;
        'an exacting instructor'; 'a stern disciplinarian'; 'strict standards')

Super-classes Finicky^c
Assertive^c

Dementia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dementia`
Description	CYC: A mental disease resulting in impaired memory and abstract thinking. `This type also includes continued deterioration as a subEvent. RHW: severe impairment or loss of intellectual capacity and personality integration, due to the loss of or damage to neurons in the brain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dementia' in WordNet: 1. dementia, dementedness - (mental deterioration of organic or functional origin)`
Super-classes	ChronicCondition^c MentalIllness^c Absence^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value WorseningEvent^c isaLowLevelOf^op value AbilityToRemember^c

DemilitarizingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DemilitarizingaPlace`
Description	''DemilitarizingaPlace'' is to remove weapons from some location, and forbid adding them back. This may create a 'demilitarized zone'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'demilitarize' in WordNet: 2. disarm, demilitarize, demilitarise - (remove offensive capability from)`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Weapon^c hasStartingPlace^op value Place^c

Demitasse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Demitasse

Description

A specialization of #$CoffeeCup. Each instance of #$Demitasse is a small coffee cup designed for serving espresso.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'demitasse' in WordNet:
          2. demitasse - (small coffee cup; for serving black coffee)

Super-classes CoffeeCup^c

Democracy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Democracy`
Description	A 'Democracy' is a 'FormOfGovernment' in which the citizens elect representatives to conduct the business of Government. In ancient Greece, the people ruled directly in public assemblies, but that form is rare or nonexistent now. The older meaning of democracy as being direct rule by people in an assembly is not represented in Wordnet, as not relevant to most countries. It could be added as 'DriectDemocracy' if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'democracy' and includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'republic' in WordNet: 2. (3) democracy, republic, commonwealth - (a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them) WN 'republic' 1. (7) democracy, republic, commonwealth -- (a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them) 2. republic - (a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch; 'the head of state in a republic is usually a president')
Super-classes	FormOfGovernment^c
Sub-classes	Republic^c

Democrat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Democrat`
Description	A ''Democrat'' is a ''Member'' of the ''DemocraticParty'' only in a broad sense - one can identify as a ''Democrat'' without actually voting in a primary election or being a formal member of an organiation affiliated with a political party - closer just to being a supporter or advocate of the party or routinely voting for its candidates. `CYC: The collection of all members of the Democratic party. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Democrat' in WordNet: 1. (4) Democrat - (a member of the Democratic Party)`
Super-classes	Member^c HumanAdult^c Supporter^c Person^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value DemocraticParty^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatrickCassidy

Democratic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Democratic

Description

''Democratic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Democracy'' and democratic principles. This is usually written with a small 'd', to distinguish it from 'Democratic' referring to the ''DemocraticParty''. There are degrees of being ''Democratic'', so this is not a precisely defined attribute.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'democratic' in WordNet:
      1. (13) democratic - (characterized by or advocating or based upon
         the principles of democracy or social equality; 'democratic government';
         'a democratic country'; 'a democratic scorn for bloated dukes and lords'- George du Maurier)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Democratic-OfTheParty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Democratic-OfTheParty

Description

''Democratic-OfTheParty'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''DemocraticParty''. This is usually written with a capital 'D', to distinguish it from 'democratic' referring to ''Democracy'''

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'democratic' in WordNet:
        2. (8) democratic - (belong to or relating to the Democratic Party; 'Democratic senator')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DemocraticParty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DemocraticParty

Description

SUMO: One of the two major political parties in the UnitedStates. The DemocraticParty represents liberal values.

     NOTE: The party is a Type rather than individual because
      each local branch is an instance.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Democratic Party' in WordNet:
        1. Democratic Party - (the older of two major political parties in the United States)

Super-classes PoliticalParty^c

Democratically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Democratically

Description

''Democratically'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that characterizes an Event to assert that the Event was performed in a ''Democratic'' manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'democratically' in Wordnet:
         1. democratically - (in a democratic manner; based on democratic principles; 
           'it was decided democratically'; 'democratically elected government')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Democratization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Democratization`
Description	A ''Democratization'' is a ''SocialOccurrence'' in which some government of some country becomes more ''Democratic''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'democratization' in WordNet: 1. democratization, democratisation - (the action of making something democratic)`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Democratic^c hadObjectModified^op value Country^c

Demographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Demographer`
Description	A ''Demographer'' is a ''Sociologist'' who is an expert in ''Demography''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demographer' in WordNet: 1. demographer, demographist, population scientist - (a scientist who studies the growth and density of populations and their vital statistics)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Sociologist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Demography^c

Demographic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Demographic

Description

''Demographic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Demography'' and the types of statistical measures that are of concern to demographers.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'demographic' in Wordnet:
       1. demographic - (of or relating to demography; 'demographic surveys')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Demographics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Demographics`
Description	''Demographics''statistics may include information about race, education, language, national origin, and other characteristics of people. This type is a Group including one or more such ''Statistic''s. NOTE: in this usage, ''Statistic'' can refer to one or more than one number (''Datum''). The singular and plural may be better represented separately. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demographic' in WordNet: 1. demographic - (a statistic characterizing human populations (or segments of human populations broken down by age or sex or income etc.))`
Super-classes	Group^c Statistic^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Statistic^c hasTopic^op value GroupOfPeople^c isaTopicOf^op value Demography^c

Demography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Demography`
Description	''Demography'' is a branch of ''Sociology'' that studies statistically measurable characteristics of larger human populations, such as the fraction of some identifiable subgroup within a larger population such as that of a country or state. `''Demography'' includes both gathering and interpreting statistical information about identifiable ''GroupOfpeople''s.. RHW 'demography': the science of vital and social statistics, as of the births, deaths, diseases, marriages, etc., of populations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demography' in WordNet: 1. demography, human ecology - (the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations)`
Super-classes	Sociology^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Demographics^c hasTopic^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasTopic^op value HumanPopulation^c

DemolishingAnArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DemolishingAnArtifact`
Description	''DemolishingAnArtifact'' is an Action that completely destroys some ArtifactObject - most commonly used for demolishing structures. NOTE: WN has 3 senses of 'demolish' in which sense 3 includes 'defeating' an opponent, but for some reason that sense is included in the gloss of sense 1 also. This type is not for defeating an opponent soundly. NOTE also that the WN sense of 'pulverise' included does not mean to 'reduce to powder', it is just an alternative way to express total destruction. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'demolish' in WordNet: 1. (2) demolish, pulverize, pulverise - (destroy completely; 'the wrecking ball demolished the building'; 'demolish your enemies'; 'pulverize the rebellion before it gets out of hand')
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadDamagedObject^op value ArtifactObject^c

Demonstrating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Demonstrating`
Description	Exhibiting something or a range of things (Objects or Actions) in a manner that is or becomes or can be noticeable to other People. This is a very general type that covers various subtypes. This would cover software demos, theatrical plays, lectures, dance and music recitals, museum exhibitions, and any action that demonstrates to others that a Person has a certain ''Quality' (subtype ''ExhibitingaQuality''). This is narrower than a Show, as it may involve mostly static displays. This includes demonstrating commercial products, as happens at meetings. For a 'presentation' where one presents information with visual aids (as at many conferences) use ''Presentation''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'demonstrate' and noun sense 5 of 'deonstrating' in Wordnet: 1. (25) show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate - (show or demonstrate something to an interested audience; 'She shows her dogs frequently'; 'We will demo the new software in Washington') WN noun 'demonstration': 5. demonstration, demo - (a visual presentation showing how something works; 'the lecture was accompanied by dramatic demonstrations'; 'the lecturer shot off a pistol as a demonstration of the startle response')
Super-classes	Disseminating^c
Sub-classes	PerformingInFrontOfGroup^c ExhibitingaQuality^c

DemonstratingForaPolicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DemonstratingForaPolicy`
Description	''DemonstratingForaPolicy'' is a ''Rally'' (an Assembly) that is also a ''ProtestingaPolicy'' occurring in public, and usually (but no necessarily) includes some movement of the Group, whether in a circle or along a path such as a street. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'demonstrate' in WordNet: 4. (1) demonstrate, march - (march in protest; take part in a demonstration; 'Thousands demonstrated against globalization during the meeting of the most powerful economic nations in Seattle')`
Super-classes	PoliticalEvent^c PublicAssembly^c ProtestingaPolicy^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Demonstrator^c

Demonstrator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Demonstrator`
Description	A ''Demonstrator'' is a ''Person' who participates in a ''ProtestingaPolicy'' Assembly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demonstrator' in WordNet: 3. demonstrator, protester - (someone who participates in a public display of group feeling)`
Super-classes	Person^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ProtestingaPolicy^c

DemotingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DemotingSomeone`
Description	Each ''DemotingSomeone'' is an ''AssigningaResponsibility'' in which the Person assigned is required to take a position of lesser responsibility and often of lower pay. This is usually considered a bad thing for the Person demoted, in itself and as a portent for the future of the Person demoted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demote' in WordNet: 1. (1) demote, bump, relegate, break, kick downstairs - (assign to a lower position; reduce in rank; 'She was demoted because she always speaks up'; 'He was broken down to Sergeant')`
Super-classes	AssigningaResponsibility^c BadThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Embarrassing^c mayCause^op value ReductionInStatus^c

Den^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Den`
Description	This is for Natural objects in which an animal can sleep with some form of protection. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'den' in WordNet: 1. lair, den - (the habitation of wild animals)
Super-classes	Habitation^c Role^c ProtectiveObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Protective^c

Denaturant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denaturant

Description

Each subtype of 'Denaturant' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that causes denaturation of some biological substance (e.g. protein or DNA).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'denaturant' in WordNet:
          1. denaturant - (any substance that serves as a denaturing agent)

Super-classes SubstanceRole^c
PhysicalSubstance^c

Dendrite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dendrite`
Description	An ''Dendrite'' is one type of ''NerveFiber''; another is a ''Axon''. `CYC: The collection of all dendrites (or 'dendrons'), which are branching fibers of a #$Neuron which transmit signals towards the cell body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dendrite' in WordNet: 1. dendrite - (short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron)`
Super-classes	NerveFiber^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

Denim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denim`
Description	The Substance ''Denim'' a heavy fabric. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'denim' in WordNet: 2. denim, denim fabric, dungaree, jean - (a coarse durable twill-weave cotton fabric)`
Super-classes	Fabric^c OrganicSubstance^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thick^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Cotton^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foldable^c

Denominator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denominator`
Description	A ''Denominator'' is the part of a ''Ratio'' (considered as a fraction) that divides the Numerator; e.g. 'thirds' is the denominator in 'two thirds', and in that case it divides 'Two' to get 0.6666666... `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'denominator' in WordNet: 1. denominator - (the divisor of a fraction)`
Super-classes	Divisor^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#fourths http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#thirds

Denotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denotation`
Description	The ''Denotation'' is the ''IntendedMeaning'' of some ''Communication'' that is explicit and easily understood from the meanings of the words of the ''Communication''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'denotation' in WordNet: 2. reference, denotation, extension - (the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to; 'the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos')
Super-classes	IntendedMeaning^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Explicit^c

DenotingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DenotingSomething`
Description	''DenotingSomething'' is an ''Action'' performed by some ''Sign'', Abstract or Physical, that serves as an 'meaning' of another thing. This can refer to linguistic or non-linguistic ''Signs''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'denote' in WordNet: 2. (8) denote, refer - (have as a meaning; " 'multi-' denotes 'many' ")`
Super-classes	BeingAnEquivalent^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalObject^op value IntendedMeaning^c

Denouement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denouement`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'denouement' in WordNet: 1. (1) denouement - (the outcome of a complex sequence of events)`
Super-classes	Outcome^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some EventSeries^c

Denouncing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denouncing`
Description	Each 'Denouncing' is a Communication in which one IntelligentAgent strongly asserts that there are major faults in another's behavior or ideas. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'denounce' in WordNet: 1. (10) denounce - (speak out against; 'He denounced the Nazis') WN noun 'denunciation': 1. (3) denunciation, denouncement - (a public act of denouncing) WN verb 'attack': 2. (9) attack, round, assail, lash out, snipe, assault - (attack in speech or writing; 'The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker') WN noun 'attack': 3. (141) fire, attack, flak, flack, blast - (intense adverse criticism; 'Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party'; 'the government has come under attack'; 'don't give me any flak')
Super-classes	Criticizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Criticism^c
Sub-classes	Condemning^c

Dense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dense`
Description	''Dense'' is an attribute that specifies that something has a larger than usual density, i.e. things are spaced closer apart than some reference.. This is not for quantitative substance density in e.g. gams per ml. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dense' in WordNet: 2. (2) compact, dense, thick - (having component parts closely crowded together; 'a compact shopping center'; 'a dense population'; 'thick crowds'; 'a thick forest'; 'thick hair')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	GrowingThickly^c Bushy^c CloselySpaced^c

Densely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Densely

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'densely' in Wordnet:
          2. densely, thickly - (in a concentrated manner; 'old houses are 
              often so densely packed that perhaps three or four have to be demolished 
              for every new one built'; 'a thickly populated area')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Density^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Density`
Description	This type 'Density' interprets the WN synset as a generalization of different quantitative measures: (1) ''MassDensity'' for PhysicalObjects or PhysicalSubstances , being the ratio of mass to volume that can characterize either a ''PhysicalObject'' or a ''PhysicalSubstance''. (2) ''NumericalDensity'' which is a measure of the number of objects existing within some suface area or some volume. See those subtypes for more detail. `hasDensityInGramsPerCC hasDensityMeasure DensityMeasure NumericalDensity NumericalDensityMeasure NumericalDensityUnit MassDensity MassDensityMeasure MassDensityUnit Corresponds approximately to part noun sense 1 of 'density' in WordNet; 1. (24) density, denseness - (the amount per unit size)`
Super-classes	Size^c
Sub-classes	MassDensity^c NumericalDensity^c

DensityMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DensityMeasure`
Description	The Class of ConstantQuantities indicating a quantity of density (dimensionally equivalent to either mass divided by volume, or some number per VOlume or area or location); it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and an instance of DensityUnit. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'density' in WordNet; the 'amount' in this case is a mass and the 'size' is a volume: in WordNet: 1. (24) density, denseness - (the amount per unit size)`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	NumericalDensityMeasure^c MassDensityMeasure^c

DensityUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DensityUnit`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses density, which is a ratio of mass divided by volume, such as 'GramsPerMilliliter'.
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Sub-classes	MassDensityUnit^c NumericalDensityUnit^c

Dent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dent`
Description	A 'Dent'' is a 'Blemish' that is a ''DepressionOnObject'' in the surface of some ArtifactObject that was produced by a ''Blow'' (impact) by a SolidObject. This commonly occurs in low-speed auto collisions, and in general is seen on the surface of objects that have an outer covering of some ''SheetMetal''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'dent' in WordNet: 3. dent, ding, gouge, nick - (an impression in a surface (as made by a blow))
Super-classes	Blemish^c DepressionOnObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Blow^c

Dental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dental

Description

''Dental'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to teeth and medical care of teeth (''DentalCareEvent'').

          Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'dental' in Wordnet:
            1. (3) dental - (of or relating to the teeth; 'dental floss')
            2. dental - (of or relating to dentistry; 'dental student')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DentalAppliance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DentalAppliance`
Description	A ''DentalAppliance'' is a ''Device'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dental appliance' in WordNet: 1. dental appliance - (a device to repair teeth or replace missing teeth)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Dentistry^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Dentist^c
Sub-classes	Braces^c

DentalCareEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DentalCareEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which dental care is administered. This includes personal teeth cleaning. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'dental care' in WordNet: 1. dental care - (care for the teeth)`
Super-classes	MedicalCareEvent^c
Sub-classes	OrthodonticCareEvent^c

DentalFloss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DentalFloss`
Description	This type represents pieces DentalFloss, which are PhysicalObjects. It is a piece of String which may also be ''Waxed''. `Cyc does not distinguish between Objectgs and substances, so this type in Cyc was also a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dental floss' in WordNet: 1. dental floss, floss - (a soft thread for cleaning the spaces between the teeth)`
Super-classes	DisposableProduct^c MedicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PieceOfString^c

Dentist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dentist`
Description	A specialization of #$MedicalCareProfessional. Each instance of #$Dentist is a medical care professional who has been trained to diagnose and treat diseases of, and injuries to, the gums and teeth. `SUMO: The Profession of being a dentist, i.e. diagnosing and treating problems related to the teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dentist' in Wordnet: 1. (3) dentist, tooth doctor, dental practitioner - (a person qualified to practice dentistry)`
Super-classes	Prescriber^c Graduate^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Dentistry^c
Sub-classes	Orthodontist^c

Dentistry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dentistry`
Description	'Dentistry'' is a branch of Medicine that deals with diseases of the teeth,as well as cosmetic procedures to improve tooth appearance and function. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dentistry' in WordNet: 1. dentistry, dental medicine, odontology - (the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Dentist^c
Sub-classes	Orthodontia^c

DentistsDrill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DentistsDrill`
Description	This ''DentistsDrill'' is for the whole tool used for drilling holes in teeth; the replaceable 'drill bit' portion would be represented by a different type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dentist's drill' in WordNet: 1. dentist's drill, burr drill - (a high speed drill that dentists use to cut into teeth)`
Super-classes	Drill^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value DrillingaTooth^c

Denying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denying`
Description	Each ''Denying'' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s)replies to a prior assertion by another agent by asserting that the prior assertion is false. `Includes verb senses 1 and 6 of 'deny and noun sense 2 of 'denial' in Wordnet: 1. (24) deny - (declare untrue; contradict; 'He denied the allegations'; 'She denied that she had taken money') 6. traverse, deny - (deny formally (an allegation of fact by the opposing party) in a legal suit) WN noun 'denial': 2. (3) denial, disaffirmation - (the act of asserting that something alleged is not true)`
Super-classes	Answering^c AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some RequestingOrProposing^c
Sub-classes	Disclaiming^c Disavowing^c DenyingBlame^c

DenyingBlame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DenyingBlame`
Description	Each ''Denying'' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s)replies to a prior ''Blaming'' assertion by another agent by asserting that the prior assertion is false, i..e that the responding agent is not to blame for the Event in question. `A 'pleading innocent' would be an instance of this type of Event.`
Super-classes	Denying^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some Blaming^c impliesAgentAttribute^op value Innocent^c

Deodorant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deodorant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deodorant' in WordNet: 1. deodorant, deodourant - (a toiletry applied to the skin in order to mask unpleasant odors)`
Super-classes	TopicalSkinApplication^c ToiletrySubstance^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value Deodorizing^c

Deodorizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deodorizing`
Description	''Deodorizing'' is the Action of reducing the level or intensity of an ''Odor''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'deodorize' in WordNet: 1. deodorize, deodorise, deodourise - (eliminate the odor from; 'This stick will deodorize your armpits')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value Deodorant^c hadReducedEntity^op value Odor^c

DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit`
Description	A ''DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit''is a ''NucleotideUnit'' in which the sugar component is deoxyribose (rather than ribose, as in RNA).
Super-classes	NucleotideUnit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some DNA^c

Department^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Department`
Description	CYC: The collection #$Department is a subset of #$Organization. An element of #$Department is a major sub-organization of a business, government, or academic organization. An element of #$Department is part of the organization to which it belongs, NOT a separate legal entity (such as a partly or wholly owned subsidiary company), and it performs some of the activity of that organization. In Cyc, the collection #$Department includes generically what may be called a division, department, office, bureau, ministry, etc., within an actual organization. Common types of departments include those represented by the subsets #$LegalDepartment, #$SecurityDepartment, #$PayrollDepartment, #$AccountingDepartment, #$HumanResourcesDepartment, #$AcademicDepartment, and CustomerServiceDepartment (and many others). `Coresponds to sense 1 of 'department' in WordNet: 1. (28) department, section - (a specialized division of a large organization; 'you'll find it in the hardware department'; 'she got a job in the historical section of the Treasury')`
Super-classes	Suborganization^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentDepartment^c AcademicDepartment^c Library-Department^c

DepartmentOfJustice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfJustice`
Description	Any of the federal or state or provincial departments in any jurisdiction responsible for enforcing laws by investigating crimes and bringing indictments and maintaining a court system and trying those accused. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Department of Justice' in WordNet: 1. (1) Department of Justice, Justice Department, Justice, DoJ - (the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870)`
Super-classes	GovernmentDepartment^c JudicialSystem^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfJustice-USA

DepartmentOfTheUS_Government^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfTheUS_Government`
Description	DepartmentOfTheUS_Government is a specialization of 'LegalGovernmentalOrganization'. Each instance of DepartmentOfTheUS_Government is either a cabinet department such as the Department of Agriculture, or one of the high-level Agencies such as the Interstate Commerce Commission. Cabinet departments themselves would be a subclass of this Type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federal department' in WordNet: 1. (1) federal department, federal office, department of the federal government - (a department of the federal government of the United States)`
Super-classes	LegalGovernmentOrganization^c GovernmentDepartment^c Organization^c
Restrictions	hasAuthorityOver^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesInhabitants^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfHousingAndUrbanDevelopment http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfHomelandSecurity http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfEnergy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfLabor http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfEducation http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfVeteransAffairs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfTransportation http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfTheInterior http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfTheTreasury http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfAgriculture http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfCommerce http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfState http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfDefense http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfJustice-USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfHealthAndHumanServices

DepartmentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentType`
Description	his is for any type of SubOrganization called a 'department'. Can be differentiated if necessary. `CYC ('DepartmentTypeByFunction'): A collection of collections and a specialization of #$OrganizationType. Each instance of #$DepartmentTypeByFunction is a collection of #$Departments (q.v.) whose instances are distinguished by the fact that they perform a certain function for an organization (e.g. #$BudgetDepartment and #$ShippingAndReceivingDepartment). See also #$DepartmentTypeByOrganization.`
Super-classes	OrganizationType^c
Members	EconomicsDepartment AcademicDepartment MathematicsDepartment AcademicSubdivision

Departmental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Departmental

Description

''Departmental'' describes things - actions or attributes - that are characteristic of a ''Department'' - a subdivision of an Organization - as contrasted with the whole Organization.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'departmental' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) departmental - (of or relating to a department; 'departmental policy')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Dependency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dependency`
Description	''Dependency'' is a relation that involves a Group of at least two ''Thing''s of any kind. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dependency' in WordNet: 1. (4) dependence, dependance, dependency - (lack of independence or self-sufficiency)`
Super-classes	Relation^c Depending^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op only (Group^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	Interdependence^c

Dependent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dependent`
Description	'Dependent' is broad concept specifying an attribute of objects that in some sense require something else for some purpose or merely to exist. This includes financial dependence, logical, grammatical, geopolitical, but excludes the sense of 'hanging' which is represented by 'HangsFromSomething'. The only implication for this attribute is that the Object with the attribute stands in some relation such as 'requiresResource' or ''feedsOn'' to another entity: NOTE: this is an attribute of dependent things, not the thing itself that is dependent. Includes to adjective senses 1, 3, and 5 of 'dependent' in WordNet: 1. (8) dependent - (not independent; 'dependent children') 3. dependent, subordinate - ((of a clause) unable to stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence; 'a subordinate (or dependent) clause functions as a noun or adjective or adverb within a sentence') 5. subject, dependent - (being under the power or sovereignty of another or others; 'subject peoples'; 'a dependent prince')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Aerobic^c Interdependent^c

DependentContinuant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DependentContinuant`
Description	''DependentContinuant'' is a specific BFO type that includes Attributes, Roles and Functions as subtypes. `BFO: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities.`
Super-classes	Continuant^c
Sub-classes	SpecificallyDependentContinuant^c

DependentLifeForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DependentLifeForm`
Description	A ''DependentLifeForm'' is a ''LifeForm'' that feeds on or is nourished by another LifeForm, typically causing some harm, though it may be minimal and may not kill the host organism. This type is used as a type more generic than ''Parasite'' which, according to most conventions, is restricted to cellular organisms. This type has ''Virus'' as well as ''Parasite'' as a subtype. This also includes commensals, that ''feedsOn'' but are not harmful to other organisms.
Super-classes	LifeForm^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op some OrganismType^c
Sub-classes	Virus^c Parasite^c

Depending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depending`
Description	Each 'Depending' is a BeingRelated (a PersistentState) in which one or more entities have a relation to another entity such that the first entity cannot occur (if an Event) or do something (if an object) unless the second entity exists or has certain attributes. This is very general, and includes an Event that depends on another Event (not usually used for physical causality: the 'cause' relations are used for physical causality). `NOTE: Financial dependence (depend on sene 2) is represented by the subtype ''RelyingOn''. This corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'depend' and both senses of 'depend on' in WordNet: 1. (10) depend - (be contingent upon (something that is elided); 'That depends') 1. (46) depend on, devolve on, depend upon, ride, turn on, hinge on, hinge upon - (be contingent on; 'The outcomes rides on the results of the election'; 'Your grade will depend on your homework')`
Super-classes	BeingRelated^c
Sub-classes	RelyingOn^c Dependency^c

DepictedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepictedObject`
Description	'DepictedObject' is an Object that is depicted in some AbstractImage. NOTE that this may be but is not necessarily a PhysicalObject, because the AbstractImage may be completely synthetic, and the Object may not in fact exist in the material world, but may be purely imaginary. The portion of the area of the (two-dimensional) image that is occupied by the DepictedObject is specified (if known) by the relation 'occupiesAreaFraction' and will have a value in the range 0 to 1. `NOTE that in order for some instance of entity to be a 'DepticedObject' there must be some AbstractImage in which that entity is depicted, and the restriction requires that that image must be specified. Thus to say that there is a picture of a person, one adds the type 'DepictedObject' to the type for that Person, and adds the relation specifying in what image that person's image may be found. @ToDo: other properties of a DepictedImage may be desirable at some point`
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	isDepictedByImagePart^op some AbstractImageComponent^c

Depicting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depicting`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes all forms of creating a 'manually' rendered image by any method other than capturing an image (by any process using electromagnetic radiation), whether in an electronic medium or on paper. For creating a rendering on a surface by hand,use the subtype ''Drawing-Depicting''. This is a generic type that includes creating images on a computer, or modifying computerized images, but excludes capturing images by camera, electron microscope, or other mechanical means without a way for the creator to directly modify the image while it is being created.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'depict' in WordNet: 1. (7) picture, depict, render, show - (show in, or as in, a picture; 'This scene depicts country life'; 'the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting')
Super-classes	Rendering^c VisualArtActivity^c
Sub-classes	Drawing-Depicting^c Tattooing^c

DepictingInWords^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepictingInWords`
Description	''DepictingInWords'' is ''DescribingSomething'' using words that creates a mental picture of the thing described in the mind of the listener. See ''Drawing-Depicting'' for depicting by creating a physical visual image. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'depict' and part of sense 1 of 'describe' and part of sense 1 of 'portray' (when a visual image is evoked) in WordNet: 2. (6) describe, depict, draw - (give a description of; 'He drew an elaborate plan of attack') representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') WN verb 'portray': 1. (9) portray - (portray in words; 'The book portrays the actor as a selfish person')`
Super-classes	DescribingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value VerbalImage^c

Depleted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depleted`
Description	''Depleted'' is an AttributeValue of some supply that was partly or almost completely '' used up by some ''Depletion'' Event. For having completely used up a resource,use subtype ''UsedUp''. `Corresponds to adjective senseand 2 of 'depleted' in Wordnet: 2. depleted, low - (no longer sufficient; 'supplies are low'; 'our funds are depleted')`
Super-classes	Consumed^c
Sub-classes	UsedUp^c

Depletion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depletion`
Description	''Depletion'' is a 'Reduction' in the number or Quantity of some ObjectGroup or Substance that was located in some specified location(s) - a ''Supply'' of something - caused by some 'ConsumingSomething'' Event. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 partial or full depeletion) of 'deplete' in WordNet: 1. consume, eat up, use up, eat, deplete, exhaust, run through, wipe out - (use up (resources or materials); 'this car consumes a lot of gas'; 'We exhausted our savings'; 'They run through 20 bottles of wine a week')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c ConsumingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Depleted^c
Sub-classes	ExhaustingaSupply^c

Deplorably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deplorably

Description

''Miserably'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Action to assert that it was performed in an ''Execrable'' manner. deplorable, distressing, lamentabl In WN this synset has a different adjective base, but there is no other adverb synset that matches 'execrable' in meaning as closely.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'deplorably' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) deplorably, lamentably, sadly, woefully - 
            (in an unfortunate or deplorable manner; 'he was sadly neglected'; 'it was woefully inadequate')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Deploying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deploying`
Description	This ''Deploying'' is a generic type of ''Motion'' that is an action in which some agent moves or arranges some ''PhysicalObject'' into a position where it can be used as intended, or in the manner it was designed for. The subtypes will be more explicit. This includes as subtypes military deployment of troops or weapons, but also includes deployment of artifacts for use in Actions. `RHW 'deploy': 4. to come into a position ready for use: the plane can't land unless the landing gear deploys. No WN general sense - in WN only the sense of arranging objects is given; see ''DeployingResources''.`
Super-classes	Motion^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value PhysicalObject^c hadObjectMoved^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	DeployingaParachute^c DeployingResources^c

DeployingResources^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeployingResources`
Description	''DeployingResources'' is a ''LocatingInIntendedPosition'' wher the things 'positioned' are a GroupofObjects (including People or other animals) so that they are in the proper location(s) to perform some desired function. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'deploy' in WordNet: 1. (2) deploy - (place troops or weapons in battle formation) 2. deploy - (to distribute systematically or strategically; 'The U.S. deploys its weapons in the Middle East')`
Super-classes	Deploying^c LocatingInIntendedPosition^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ReadinessForUse^c causes^op value BeingReadyForUse^c

DeployingaParachute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeployingaParachute`
Description	A ''DeployingaParachute'' is the Action in which a Person falling from a high altitude causes a folded packaged ''Parachute'' strapped to that person to be released so that it will open up and reduce the velocity of the fall, usually allowing that Person to land without injury. The packaged parachute usually has a ''Ripcord'' that can be pulled to cause this Action.
Super-classes	Deploying^c OpeningSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value FallingPerson^c hadThingAffected^op value Parachute^c causes^op value ReducingTheTerminalVelocity^c

Deportee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deportee`
Description	A ''Deportee'' is a Person who has been the object of a ''Deporting'' action. If that Person is a Citizen of the Country that deports him/her, that Person is an ''Exile'' `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'deportee' in WordNet: 1. (2) exile, deportee - (expelled from home or country by authority)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	wasTheDirectObjectOf^op value Deporting^c

Deporting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deporting`
Description	''ExilingSomeone'' is an ''ExpellingaPerson'' from some ''GeopoliticalEntity'' and ordering that Person not to return, for some interval of time, often permanently. This Action creates an ''Exile''. The place one is exiled from is pointed to by the relation ''hasStartingPlace''. `NOTE: this differs from the usage of the same synset in the subtype ''ExilingSomeone'' in that the object of a ''Deportng'' does not have to be a Citizen of the country from which s/he is deported. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'deport' in WordNet: 3. expatriate, deport, exile - (expel from a country; 'The poet was exiled because he signed a letter protesting the government's actions') WN noun 'deportation': 2. deportation - (the expulsion from a country of an undesirable alien)`
Super-classes	ExpellingaPerson^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op some (GeopoliticalEntity^c or LocationType^c) hasObjectMoved^op value Person^c patientAssumesRole^op value Deportee^c
Sub-classes	ExilingSomeone^c

Deposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deposing`
Description	This is the set of assertions (Actions) that a Person makes under oath during a ''Deposition'' process. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'depose' in WordNet: 2. swear, depose, depone - (make a deposition; declare under oath)`
Super-classes	TakingAnOath^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Deposition^c

DepositingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepositingMoney`
Description	''DepositingMoney'' is the transfer of a MoneyObject to some ''Account''. `This is an 'Action' and the primary agent is the one making the payment, not the one receiving the payment. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deposit' in WordNet: 2. (2) deposit, bank - (put into a bank account; 'She deposits her paycheck every month')`
Super-classes	MoneyTransfer^c AddingEvent^c MoneyTransaction^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value MoneyDeposit^c causesIncreaseIn^op value AccountBalance^c hasEndingPlace^op value FinancialAccount^c hadAddedObject^op value MoneyDeposit^c

Deposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deposition`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'deposition' in WordNet: 2. deposition - ((law) a pretrial interrogation of a witness; usually conducted in a lawyer's office)`
Super-classes	Interrogating^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Deposing^c

Deprecated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deprecated

Description

''Deprecated'' is a broad ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that contrasts with ''CurrentlyOperative''and like that attribute, is applied to actions or procedures or assumptions, but has the opposite force of asserting that the actions are not considered appropriate or optimal, and have been superseded by ''CurrentlyOperative'' actions or beliefs.

      disapprove, rejec

     It does not apply to the validity of  document (for that sense use ''Valid'' 
         and its opposite ''Invalid'' or ''Expired'').

     Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'disapproved' and part of
       sense 1 of 'disused' in WordNet:
       1. disapproved - (not approved; 'the disapproved tax proposal')
     WN adj (part) 'disused':
       1. disused, obsolete - (no longer in use; 'obsolete words')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DeprecatedAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeprecatedAction`
Description	A ''DeprecatedAction'' is an 'AlternativeAction' that an Agent might perform, which was recommended against by another Agent. In the opinion of the recommending agent this would be a 'poor choice'. Instances of this type of Action may point to the ''RecommendingAgainstSomething'' Action that make this a ''Deprecated'' action, but that reference is not required.
Super-classes	AlternativeAction^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value RecommendingAgainstSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Deprecated^c

Depreciation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depreciation`
Description	''Depreciation'' is an intransitive ''DiminishingEvent'' in which the ''Value'' of something dereases. `'undervalue'??? usage examples? Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'depreciate' in Wordnet: 3. depreciate, undervalue, devaluate, devalue - (lose in value; 'The dollar depreciated again')`
Super-classes	Action^c DiminishingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Devaluing^c

Depressant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depressant`
Description	Drugs which diminish a body's ability to perform its functions or activities. `CYC 'Sedative' (distingguished from 'depressant' in CYC): Drugs which are used to treat anxiety and insomnia. In higher doses, these are often used as sleeping pills. SUMO: Any BiologicallyActiveSubstance which has the effect of depressing the central nervous system, i.e. decreasing function or activity in the Brain or SpinalCord. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'depressant' in Wordnet: 1. sedative, sedative drug, depressant, downer - ( a drug that reduces excitability and calms a person)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Anesthetic^c Sedative-Hypnotic^c

Depressed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depressed`
Description	''Depressed'' is the attribute of someone experiencing 'depression' (not yet represented). This can be mild or severe, temporary or long-term, and is not necessarily a condition warranting medical intervention `Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'depressed' in WordNet: 3. blue, depressed, dispirited, down, downcast, downhearted, down in the mouth, low, low-spirited - (low in spirits; 'lonely and blue in a strange city'; 'depressed by the loss of his job'; 'a dispirited and resigned expression on her face'; 'downcast after his defeat'; 'feeling discouraged and downhearted')`
Super-classes	Unhappy^c
Sub-classes	ClinicallyDepressed^c

Depressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depressing`
Description	''Depressing'' is the attribute of something causing ''Depression-Feeling'. (add 'Dejection'??) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'depressing' in Wordnet: 1. (3) blue, dark, depressing, dingy, disconsolate, dismal , dispiriting, gloomy, grim, sorry, drab, drear, dreary - (causing dejection; 'a blue day'; 'the dark days of the war'; 'a week of rainy depressing weather'; 'a disconsolate winter landscape'; 'the first dismal dispiriting days of November'; 'a dark gloomy day'; 'grim rainy weather')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DepressingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepressingSomeone`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'depress' in WordNet: 1. (3) depress, deject, cast down, get down, dismay, dispirit, demoralize, demoralise - (lower someone's spirits; make downhearted; 'These news depressed her'; 'The bad state of her child's health demoralizes her')`
Super-classes	DiscouragingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Depression-Feeling^c

DepressingaDevicePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepressingaDevicePart`
Description	''DepressingaDevicePart'' is an Action by an ''IntelligentAgent'' to cause some part of a device (a typewriter key, a lever)) to move downward. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'depress' in WordNet: 4. press down, depress - (press down; 'Depress the space key')`
Super-classes	Lowering^c DirectedTranslation^c ActionOnObject^c ForceTransmissionEvent^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op value Downward^c hadObjectMoved^op some (KeyboardKey^c or PianoKey^c or ControlLever^c or DeviceType^c)

DepressingaValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepressingaValue`
Description	''DepressingaValue'' is an Action that causes the value of some measurable Attribute to decrease. This can be caused by an intentional action of an agent, or by some Event that has the ''DepressingaValue'' as an effect. `This is a broad sense that includes several types of values as direct objects. Includes noun senses 2, 3, ND 5 of 'depress' in WordNet: 2. (1) depress - (lower (prices or markets); 'The glut of oil depressed gas prices') 3. lower, depress - (cause to drop or sink; 'The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir') 5. depress - (lessen the activity or force of; 'The rising inflation depressed the economy')`
Super-classes	LoweringaValue^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value MeasurableQuantity^c

Depression-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depression-Feeling`
Description	An emotion marked by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, feelings of dejection and hopelessness; unhappiness, discouraged and without vigor. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'depression' in WordNet: 4. (1) depression - (sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy)`
Super-classes	MentalDistress^c Dissatisfaction^c
Sub-classes	Dejection^c ClinicalDepression^c

DepressionOnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepressionOnObject`
Description	A ''DepressionOnObject'' is a Concavity on the surface of some human-scale object (not geographical) which may be natural or man-made, and can be as small as a hole punched by a nail, or as large as a house wall or large truck. `This is broader than sense 8 of WN 'depression', as it may be made not only by pressing, but by impact, gouging, scraping, scratching. etc. Includes noun sense 8 of 'depression' in Wordnet: 8. depression, impression, imprint - (a concavity in a surface produced by pressing; 'he left the impression of his fingers in the soft mud')`
Super-classes	Concavity^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some (HumanScaleObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Navel^c Laceration^c ScratchOnAnObject^c NaturalChannel^c Scrape^c Wrinkle^c Groove^c Dent^c Scuff^c Incision^c

DepressivePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepressivePerson`
Description	A ''DepressivePerson'' is a Person suffering from ''ClinicalDepression''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'depressive' in WordNet: 1. depressive - (someone suffering psychological depression)`
Super-classes	SickPerson^c
Restrictions	isTheSubjectOfState^op value ClinicalDepression^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ClinicallyDepressed^c

Depressor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depressor`
Description	A Common example is a tongue depressor: " Say aaaah! " `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'depressor' in WordNet: 3. depressor - (a device used by physician to press a part down or aside)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c MedicalDevice^c NonPoweredDevice^c Device-OneTimeUse^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ApplyingAPressure^c

Deprivation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deprivation`
Description	@ToDo: ???This should be the state `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deprive' in WordNet: 2. (3) deprive - (keep from having, keeping, or obtaining)`
Super-classes	KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c
Restrictions	prevents^op some (HavingSomething^c or UsingSomething^c or Action^c or ActionType^c)

Deprived^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deprived

Description

''Deprived'' is a property of ''IntentionalAgent''s that experienced ''Depriving''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deprived' in Wordnet:
          1. deprived, disadvantaged - (marked by deprivation especially 
             of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences; 
             'a childhood that was unhappy and deprived, the family living off charity'; 
             'boys from a deprived environment, wherein the family life revealed a pattern
             of neglect, moral degradation, and disregard for law')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Depriving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depriving`
Description	''Depriving'' does not necessarily imply that an agent is withholding something that s/he has from some other agent, as is suggested by the WordNet hierarchy. This can be an action to (somehow) prevent and agent from obtaining something by its own actions. `The thing withheld is specified by the the thing lacked in the 'LackingSomething' pointed to by the relation ''alwaysCauses'' . To allow preventing actions,the thing lacked can be an Action or an opportunity to perform an action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deprive' in WordNet: 2. (3) deprive - (keep from having, keeping, or obtaining)`
Super-classes	KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Deprived^c prevents^op some (HavingSomething^c or UsingSomething^c or Action^c or ActionType^c) alwaysCauses^op value LackingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Withholding^c DeprivingOfaRight^c Disempowering^c Disinheriting^c Weaning^c Impoverishing^c Smothering^c

DeprivingOfaRight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeprivingOfaRight`
Description	''DeprivingOfaRight'' is a ''Depriving'', whether by refusing to grant a ''Right'' (by an Authority) or by some action that has the effect of keeping a Person from doing something s/he wants to do and has a legal right to do. . This action prevents an agent from ''Performing'' a desired Action.
Super-classes	Depriving^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value HavingaRight^c prevents^op value PurposefulAction^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value GivingaRight^c

Depth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Depth

Description

'Depth' is one linear dimension of an Object, but it is somewhat ambiguous. It can refer to the surface-to-bottom distance in a liquid inside a container, or the front-to-back distance of an object such as a closet.

 This corresponds to sense 1 of 'depth' in the Random House Webster:
  1. a dimension taken through an object or body of material,
  usually downward from an upper surface, horizontally inward from an outer surface,
  or from top to bottom of something regarded as one of several layers.

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'depth' in WordNet:
 1. (32) depth - (extent downward or backward or inward;
   'the depth of the water'; 'depth of a shelf'; 'depth of a closet')

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

Deputy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deputy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense2 of 'deputy' in WordNet, and has ''DeputySheriff'' as a subtype in WordNet: 2. (1) deputy, lieutenant - (an assistant with power to act when his superior is absent)`
Super-classes	Subordinate^c
Sub-classes	DeputyDirector^c DeputySheriff^c

DeputyDirector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeputyDirector`
Description	From WikiMedia: Deputy Director is a job title used in many organizations around the world, and is a deputy for a director. It may refer to: Deputy Director a general rank below director within Her Majesty's Civil Service, see Grading schemes. Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Also Deputy Director of the FBI, or CIA or large Non-profit organizations.
Super-classes	Deputy^c Executive^c
Restrictions	isSupervisedBy^op some Director^c

DeputySheriff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeputySheriff`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deputy sheriff' in WordNet: 1. (1) deputy, deputy sheriff - (someone authorized to exercise the powers of sheriff in emergencies)`
Super-classes	Deputy^c
Restrictions	isSupervisedBy^op some Sheriff^c

Derailing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Derailing`
Description	A ''Derailing'' is a ''LeavingaPathOfTravel'' where the PathOfTravel is a ''Railway'' and the Object leaving it is a ''MovingTrain''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'derail' in WordNet: 2. derail, jump - (run off or leave the rails; 'the train derailed because a cow was standing on the tracks')`
Super-classes	LeavingaPathOfTravel^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value Railway^c isPerformedBy^op value MovingTrain^c

DerailingaTrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DerailingaTrain`
Description	''DerailingaTrain'' is a ''DeflectingSomething'' in which the 'something' deflected is a ''MovingTrain'' travelling on a ''Railway''. The ''DerailingaTrain'' can be intentional or accidental, caused by something on the ''Railway'', a broken rail, an unintentionally moved switch, or some agent deliberately causing the train to leave the tracks, as an act of sabotage or war, like the soldiers did in 'Lawrence of Arabia'. This is not necessarily a ''PurposefulAction'', though a subtype can be created to represent that - probably a subtype of 'sabotage' as well. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'derail' in WordNet: 1. derail - (cause to run off the tracks; 'they had planned to derail the trains that carried atomic waste')`
Super-classes	DeflectingSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Derailing^c hadThingAffected^op some Path-Spatial^c occursAt^op value Railway^c hadThingAffected^op value MovingTrain^c

Deranged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deranged

Description

''Deranged'' is the attribute of someone who has acquired ''Insanity'' from some experience.

      Thesee terms are hord to differentiate from thise used for the parent
         attribute ''insane''.  Perhaps these should be merged.

        Includes adjective sense 1 of 'deranged' and sense 1 of
          'demented' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) crazed, deranged, half-crazed - (driven insane)
       WN adj 'demented':
         1. brainsick, crazy, demented, distracted, disturbed, 
             mad, sick, unbalanced, unhinged - (affected with madness or insanity;
             'a man who had gone mad')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c
Insane^c

Derangement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Derangement`
Description	'Derangement' is a ''PsychologicalAilment'' caused by some experience (rather than an internal physiological process). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'derangement' in WordNet: 1. derangement, mental unsoundness, unbalance - (a state of mental disturbance and disorientation)`
Super-classes	PsychologicalAilment^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Lunatic^c

Deregulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deregulation`
Description	''Deregulation'' is a ''RemovingaRestriction'' in which the restriction removed is a ''Regulation'' CYC: This is the collection of events in which some sector of an ecomony is deregulated . What exactly this means is vague since regulation is a matter of degree and proponents of deregulation never openly espouse a total absence of legal constraints. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deregulation' and verb sense 1 of 'deregulate' in WordNet: 1. deregulation, deregulating - (the act of freeing from regulation (especially from governmental regulations)) WN verb 'deregulate': 1. deregulate - (lift the regulations on)
Super-classes	LegalProceeding^c RemovingaRestriction^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Regulation^c

Derelict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Derelict`
Description	A ''Derelict'' is a ''Pauper'' who is unable to work enough to support him/herself. Such a Person may be ''Homeless'' unless taken in by a ''Benefactor''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'derelict' in WordNet: 1. derelict - (a person unable to support himself)`
Super-classes	PoorPerson^c
Restrictions	mayHaveAttribute^op value Homeless^c performsAction^op value InabilityToWork^c

Derivative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Derivative

Description

A ''Derivative'' is the ratio of the change of one variable to the change of a second variable at some point on the curve representing of a differentiable function..

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'derivative' in WordNet:
         1. (1) derived function, derivative, differential coefficient, differential, first derivative -
            (the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change
            of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx)

Super-classes Ratio^c

Dermatologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dermatologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dermatologist' in WordNet: 1. dermatologist, skin doctor - (a doctor who specializes in the physiology and pathology of the skin)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Dermatology^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Skin^c

Dermatology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dermatology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dermatology' in WordNet: 1. dermatology - (the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value SkinDisease^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Skin^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value Dermatologist^c

Descendant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Descendant`
Description	A 'Descendant' is a Person who was a son or daughter of another Person, or was a ''Descendant'' of that son or daughter - this is a recursive definition and reflects the fact that the 'descendant' and converse 'ancestor' roles are transitive. @@ToDo: Those relations should be but are not yet reified in transitive ObjectProperties. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'descendant' in WordNet: 1. (1) descendant, descendent - (a person considered as descended from some ancestor or race)`
Super-classes	Kinsman^c
In domain of	isDescendedFrom^op
In range of	isAnAncestorOf^op

Descending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Descending`
Description	Each 'Descending' is an Action in which some PhysicalObject (the 'agent' for reference in relations) (or at least its center of gravity, in a 'TopplingEvent') moves downward in a gravitational field, whether controlled under its own power, on a surface, in air or water, or being moved downward by some transport device, or merely falling under gravity. The subtypes will be more specific. The Descending Event terminates when the motion downward terminates. Since this event is a decrease in altitude (distance from the center of the Earth), it is a 'DecreaseEvent' as well as a 'MotionDownward'. This sense corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'descend' and verb sense 2 of 'fall' in WordNet, however, the WordNet synset includes metaphorical descending, such as of temeperature. In COSMO the 'dropping' of temeperature or prices is represented in a 'DecreaseEvent', the parent of this type. The inclusion of temeprature and barometer in the WordNet synset appears to be an error, since the parent is to 'travel'. WN 'descend (1); fall (2) in Wordnet: 1. (12) descend, fall, go down, come down - (move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way; 'The temperature is going down'; 'The barometer is falling'; 'The curtain fell on the diva'; 'Her hand went up and then fell again') WN noun 'descent' 1. (2) descent - (a movement downward)
Super-classes	MotionDownward^c Action^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	isMeasuredBy^op value RateOfDescent^c
Sub-classes	SkyDiving^c AircraftLanding^c SwoopingDown^c MotionDownhill^c RockOrSnowSlide^c Sinking^c Diving^c FallingEvent^c Plummeting^c HelicopterLanding^c

Describable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Describable

Description

''Describable'' is an Attribute of something (Object or Event) that can be described.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'describable' in Wordnet:
           1. describable - (capable of being described)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DescribingAnEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DescribingAnEvent

Description

A 'DescribingSomething' in which the thing described is a past event. The Agent doing the describing is not necessarily a direct witness to the Event described.

      Most closely corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'report' and sense 2   of
       'describe' in WordNet:
       1. (64) report, describe, account - (to give an account or 
         representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described 
         it in a manner typically continental')

Super-classes DescribingSomething^c

DescribingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DescribingAnObject`
Description	This is the collection of actions in which an agent describes an object (the #$describedObject)
Super-classes	DescribingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Labelling^c DescribingOneself^c

DescribingOneself^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DescribingOneself`
Description	''DescribingOneself'' is a DescribingAnObject'' in which the object is the person doing the describing.
Super-classes	DescribingAnObject^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Self^c hasDirectObject^op value Self^c hasDirectObject^op value Self^c

DescribingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DescribingSomething`
Description	Any Informing act in which one agent provides information to another agent (text, possibly accompanied by pictures) that provides information to the second agent about some thing (object, event). The subtypes are categorized by the thing described: for describing past events, use 'DescribinganEvent'; for describing object, plans, hypothetical or future events, use 'DescribinganObject. For desribing things as the result of an investigation, use 'Reporting'. `Includes verb sense 2 and part of sense 1 'describe' in WordNet (see also ''DepictingInWords'' for the other part of sense 1): in WordNet: 1. (79) describe, depict, draw - (give a description of; 'He drew an elaborate plan of attack') 2. (54) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') WN noun 'description': 2. description - (the act of describing something)`
Super-classes	Informing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value LinguisticDescription^c hasThingDescribed^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	DescribingAnObject^c DescribingAnEvent^c DefiningaWord^c Reporting^c LiteraryVignette^c DescribingSpecifics^c DepictingInWords^c CharacterizingSomething^c
In domain of	hasThingDescribed^op

DescribingSpecifics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DescribingSpecifics`
Description	''DescribingSpecifics'' is a 'DescribingSomething' greater detail than a brief summary. This is to provide the audience with sufficient detail to get a good understanding of what is being described. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particularize' in WordNet: 1. specify, particularize, particularise, specialize, specialise - (be specific about; 'Could you please specify your criticism of my paper?')`
Super-classes	DescribingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Specified^c
Sub-classes	DelineatingSomething^c

Description^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Description`
Description	This is a representation of a technical concept from DOLCE that does not correspond to the usual sense of 'description'; see 'DescribingSomething' and 'LinguisticDescription'. description (from DOLCE-D_S) From DOLCE (Descriptions and Specifications): A description is a social object which represents a conceptualization (e.g. a mental object or state), hence it is generically dependent on some agent and communicable. Descriptions define or use concepts or figures, are expressed by an information object and can be satisfied by situations. The typology of descriptions is still preliminary. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'description' in WordNet: 3. description - (sort or variety; 'every description of book was there')
Super-classes	ConceptualWork^c MentalObject^c
Sub-classes	LinguisticDescription^c Sort^c Language_DOLCE^c TaskDescription^c Specification^c Information-encoding-system^c

Descriptive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Descriptive

Description

An attribute of texts (abstract or physical) that allows the reader to learn enough detail of the topic to get some degree of understanding, perhaps enough to form a mental picture of the object or situation. Not obscure.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'descriptive' in WordNet:
         1. (2) descriptive - (serving to describe or inform or characterized
         by description; 'the descriptive variable'; 'a descriptive passage')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

Desegregating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desegregating

Description

''Desegregating'' is a ''Combining'' Action in which groups esecially Afrian-Americans and non-African-Americans) which have been forced by law or custom to remain separate (segregated) are permitted to live in the same areas and use the same public facilities, such as schools.

     ''Desegregating'' is a ''RemovingaRestriction'' in which the  restriction
         removed is a ''Segregation'' rule..

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'integrate' in WordNet:
          2. (2) desegregate, integrate, mix - (open (a place) to members of all races 
             and ethnic groups; 'This school is completely desegregated')
         WN noun 'desegregation':
           1. integration, integrating, desegregation - (the action of incorporating a 
             racial or religious group into a community)

Super-classes RemovingaRestriction^c
Combining^c

Desensitizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desensitizing`
Description	''Desensitizing'' is an Event in which some Object goes from being 'sensitive' (in any sense) to 'less sensitive' (or insensitive). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desensitize' in WordNet: 1. desensitize, desensitise - (cause not to be sensitive; 'The war desensitized many soldiers'; 'The photographic plate was desensitized')`
Super-classes	LoweringaValue^c CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Sensitivity^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Sensitivity^c
Sub-classes	DeafeningAnAnimal^c

Desert^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desert`
Description	Desert-like habitats: hot, dry, little rain. Scrublike flora. Sandy soil. Of course not indoors by default, not underwater. May have an ''Oasis'' in it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'desert' in WordNet: 1. (4) desert - (arid land with little or no vegetation)`
Super-classes	EcologicalArea^c
Restrictions	hasLittleOfSubstance^op value Water^c hasLittleOfSubstance^op value Rain^c hasCharacteristicObject^op value DryLand^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Arid^c containsSubstance^op value SandySoil^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c

DesertPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesertPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desert plant' in WordNet: 1. desert plant, xerophyte, xerophytic plant, xerophile, xerophilous plant - (plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte)`
Super-classes	TerrestrialOrganism^c VascularPlant^c
Sub-classes	Cactus^c Agave^c

Deserted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deserted

Description

This ''Deserted'' is for Places that are remote from Inhabited places.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deserted' in Wordnet:
          1. deserted - (remote from civilization; 'the victim was lured to a deserted spot')

Super-classes Uninhabited^c
Distant^c

Deserter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deserter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deserter' in WordNet: 1. deserter, apostate, renegade, turncoat, recreant, ratter - (a disloyal person who betrays or deserts his cause or religion or political party or friend etc.)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Deserting^c

Deserting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deserting`
Description	''Deserting'' is the action of ''Person'' who leaves a place to avoid doing work that is a ''ServingaCauseOrCountry'', most commonly used for leaving the military without permission. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'desert' in WordNet: 2. (2) defect, desert - (desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army; 'If soldiers deserted Hitler's army, they were shot')`
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c RunningAway^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op some (ServingaCauseOrCountry^c or ActionType^c)

Deserved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deserved

Description

''Deserved'' is an attribute of something that is the object of a ''DeservingSomething'', typically because it is the object of an ''EarningSomething'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deserved' in Wordnet:
          1. merited, deserved - (properly deserved; 'a merited success')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Deserving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deserving`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deserving' in Wordnet: 1. (2) deserving, meriting, worth - (having sufficient worth; 'an idea worth considering'; 'a cause deserving or meriting support'; 'the deserving poor' (often used ironically))`
Super-classes	Good^c WorthyOfSomething^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some SituationProcessEventOrState^c

DeservingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeservingSomething

Description

DeservingSomething (being deserving of something) is classified in COSMO as a MentalEvent and a PersistentState. It lasts until the thing deservfed is received by the agent that deserves it. It is Mental because it is not derived from any physical rules, but from some social rules that describe circumstances under which a person may deserve something. This state can be caused by an 'EarningSomething' Event, but may be the result of other social rules (such as inheriting). This state entails a SocialRelation, namely the relation between the person DeservingSomething and the Agent who should provide the thing deserved.

    Corresponds to sense 1 of 'deserve' in WordNet:
       1. (29) deserve, merit - (be worthy or deserving; 'You deserve a promotion 
               after all the hard work you have done')

Super-classes MentalState^c

Desiccant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desiccant`
Description	A ''Desiccant'' is an ''AbsorbentSubstance'' capable of absorbing ''Water'' from a Fluid (gas or liquid). Some desiccants can be regenerated by heating after absorbing their maximum quanitity of water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desiccant' in WordNet: 1. desiccant, drying agent, drier, sicative - (a substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture))`
Super-classes	AbsorbentSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value Dehumidifying^c

Design^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Design`
Description	A type of Pattern that is created to serve as a Specification for organizing some group of things, physical objects (design for a device), events (design for an industrial process), or abstract objects (design for a visual pattern that will be applied to objects such as cloth). In Cyc this is a direct subtype of 'Specification' and in COSMO the Type 'Pattern' also has additional parents under ''Pattern''.. `Includes noun senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'design' in Wordnet: 2. (12) design, plan - (an arrangement scheme; 'the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult'; 'it was an excellent design for living'; 'a plan for seating guests') 3. (3) blueprint, design, pattern - (something intended as a guide for making something else; 'a blueprint for a house'; 'a pattern for a skirt') 6. (1) design - (a preliminary sketch indicating the plan for something; 'the design of a building')`
Super-classes	Pattern^c Specification^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some DesigningEvent^c
Sub-classes	Layout^c DesignForaStructure^c Redesign^c DesignForaDevice^c

DesignForaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesignForaDevice`
Description	A '''DesignForaDevice'' is a ''Design' (an abstract object) that contains specifications, drawings, or descriptions of a ''Device'' intended to do something useful. This is a companion type to ''DesignForaStructure'', the thing that an ''Architect'' produces and contains specifications for the form and composition of a ''Structure''. A ''Design'' will normally be represented in some ''PhysicalObject'' like drawings or text or some electronic form of either.
Super-classes	Design^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Engineer^c isTheProductOf^op some DesigningaDevice^c

DesignForaStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesignForaStructure`
Description	A '''DesignForaStructure'' is a ''Design' that contains specifications, drawings, or descriptions of a ''Structure'' intended serve some purpose. A ''Structure'' is a large object in which people can move around, ranging from a small permanent hut or bungalo to a Mansion or bridge or dam, and including ships large enough for people to move around in on two feet, and to require serious design effort (larger than a rowboat or canoe or outboard motor boat). This is a companion type to ''DesignForaDevice'', the thing that an ''Engineer'' produces and contains specifications for the form and composition of a ''Device''. `This includes 'architectural plans'.`
Super-classes	Design^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some DesigningaDevice^c isCreatedByAgentType^op some Architect^c
Sub-classes	ArchitecturalPlan^c

DesignFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesignFunction`
Description	A DesignFunction is an AttributeValue specifying the ability to do something or to enable doing something by acting as an instrument. This notion encompasses two different roles in an Event, and is therefore an aggregate concept that is high-level in COSMO. Its subtypes will be roles in Events which may be Actions (doing something) or merely non-active participations (being an instrument). This is the function that an artifact is designed to perform, when it is designed to perform a function, or the function that an evolved part of an organism is designed to perform, by evolution. NOTE that this is a ''Capability'', a type of Attribute, and this type cannot directly represent an Event or Action. The Action corresponding to each capability is pointed to by ''isAbilityToPerformActionType''. or ''wasRealizedByAction''. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 2 of 'function' in WordNet ('role' is represented by parent ''Role'').: in Wordnet: 2. (24) function, purpose, role, use - (what something is used for; 'the function of an auger is to bore holes'; 'ballet is beautiful but what use is it?')
Super-classes	RealizableEntity^c Function^c
Restrictions	isaDesignFunctionOf^op some Artifact-Generic^c isAbilityToPerformActionType^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	Magnifying^c AbilityToCool^c BiologicalFunction^c EnablingTelecommunication^c

Designated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Designated

Description

The type of ''AssigningaResponsibility'' that creates this attribute can be very informal or performed by agreement in a group, as in 'designated driver'.

      NOTE: that subtype of ''AssigningaResponsibility'' is not yet distinguished as
         a separate concept.  Perhaps this is a parent type??   @ToDo.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'designated' in Wordnet:
          1. designated - (selected or named for a duty; 'designated hitter')

Super-classes Assigned^c
PastParticiple^c

DesignatedPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesignatedPosition`
Description	Each 'DesignatedPosition' is a place that is the assigned, expected, or normal location for some PhysicalObject or Event. Thus, a Mountain will almost always be in its DesignatedPosition, except for small chages that may be caused by continental drift or earthquakes. At certain times people or groups of people may be expected to be in a certain place (e.g. at the start of a race, in a fixed seating arrangement, in a meeting room, at the beginning of a football play, etc.). At the start of a chess game, each type of piece has its appropriate places 'all pieces are in the right place'; (thus there may be more than one DesignatedPosition for an object of a particular type).. Something 'out of place' is not in its 'DesignatedPosition'. For Events, the DesignatedPosition will often be related to the Event by a 'typicallyOccursAt' relation. Linguistically, being 'in place' or 'in position' will often mean that an object is in its 'DesignatedPosition'. This includes senses 7 and 9 of 'place' in RHW: 7. a space or seat for a person, as in a theater, train, etc.: Please save my place for me. 9. a proper or appropriate location or position: A restaurant is not the place for an argument. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'position' and possibly part of sense 13 of 'place' in WordNet; the gloss of sense 13 of 'place' suggests physical location, but the hypernyms are states - unclear about the actual intended meaning; WN sense 13 of 'place' has a gloss similar to sense 9 of 'place in RHW, and the RHW sense is more clearly a physical location, so this sense is taken as the intended meaning of WN sense 13 of 'place'. in WordNet: 8. (3) position - (the appropriate or customary location; 'the cars were in position') WN 'place' 13. (1) place - (proper or appropriate position or location; 'a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen')
Super-classes	Site^c
Sub-classes	AssignedPost^c

Designator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Designator`
Description	A Designator is an AbstractSymbol (an instance of GenericArtifact) that is created as a means of reference to some entity other than itself; in addition to being an AbstractSymbolicObject, it plays a Role in designating some other entity, and is therefore also a Role. The most common kinds of Designators are names of people and places, but many other kinds of Designators exist, in particular Identifiers that are numbers or have a numerical component. Every word in a language, natural or artificial, erbal or written, is a Designator of some kind of entity. Designators do not have to be strings or words in a language: symbolic objects such as icons can also be Designators. `This corresponds to sense 1 of 'label' in WordNet. 1. (3) label - (a brief description given for purposes of identification; 'the label Modern is applied to many different kinds of architecture')`
Super-classes	GenericLabel^c AbstractSymbol^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	Identifier^c LinguisticDesignator^c Term^c

Designer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Designer`
Description	Anyone who designs something as a job. `Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'designer' in WordNet. See the subtypes for each of these synsets 1. (2) interior designer, designer, interior decorator, house decorator, room decorator, decorator - (a person who specializes in designing architectural interiors and their furnishings) 2. (1) architect, designer - (someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)) 4. couturier, fashion designer, clothes designer, designer - (someone who designs clothing)`
Super-classes	DeskWorker^c Professional-Adult^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DesigningEvent^c
Sub-classes	FashionDesigner^c Architect^c InteriorDecorator^c

DesigningAnArrangement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesigningAnArrangement`
Description	''DesigningAnArrangement'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' (mental Action) that creates a ''Layout'' (a specification for an ''Arrangement''); the ''Arrangement'' thus designed can be either physical or abstract. An actual physical arranging of objects would be the subtype ''Arraying''. This sense is for a mostly mental action that takes a group of objects (abstract or concrete) and create an 'Arrangement' (an OrderedGroup) having the same objects in some specified order. If an action divides a Group into subgroups, that would be an act of 'Grouping', but that is not a necessary consequence. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arrange' in WordNet: 1. (14) arrange, set up - (put into a proper or systematic order; 'arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order')`
Super-classes	Organizing^c DesigningEvent^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Layout^c
Sub-classes	OrderingaGroup^c

DesigningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesigningEvent`
Description	The act of designing something, be it clothing, cars, computer chips or buildings. In SUMO and Cyc termed 'Designing'. SUMO: The spatial analogue of Planning. Designing a Collection of Objects involves determining a placement of the Objects with respect to one another and perhaps other Objects as well, in order to satisfy a particular purpose. Cyc: The act of designing something, be it clothing, cars, computer chips or buildings. Includes verb senses 2, 3, an 4 and noun sense 1 of 'design' and noun sense 1 of 'designing' in WordNet: 2. (28) design - (design something for a specific role or purpose or effect; 'This room is not designed for work') 3. (19) design - (create the design for; create or execute in an artistic or highly skilled manner; 'Chanel designed the famous suit') 4. (8) design, plan - (make a design of; plan out in systematic, often graphic form; 'design a better mousetrap'; 'plan the new wing of the museum') WN noun 'design' 1. (13) design, designing - (the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan); 'he contributed to the design of a new instrument')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Designer^c produced^op only Design^c
Sub-classes	FashionDesign^c Redesigning^c EngineeringaDesign^c StructuringSomething^c DesigningaStructure^c InteriorDesign^c DesigningaDevice^c DesigningAnArrangement^c

DesigningaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesigningaDevice`
Description	A ''DesigningEvent'' in what is produced is a ''DesignForaDevice''.
Super-classes	DesigningEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op only DesignForaDevice^c
Sub-classes	StreamliningaDevice^c

DesigningaStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesigningaStructure`
Description	A ''DesigningEvent'' in what is produced is a ''DesignForaStructure''.
Super-classes	DesigningEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op only DesignForaStructure^c

Desirable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desirable`
Description	A broad EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is in some sense 'Desirable'. This differs from 'Good' in that it suggests that the thing thus described can be either obtained (Object) or performed (Action), and that there is some option on someone's part whether or not to have or do it. NOTE that this attribute is related to'Desire' by the relation 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo', meaning that this is the object of the desire; an attribute specifying the agent of the Desire feeling would be related by 'isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling'.. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'desirable' in RHW: 1. worth having or wanting; pleasing, excellent, or fine: a desirable apartment. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'desirable' in WordNet: 1. (16) desirable - (worth having or seeking or achieving; 'a desirable job'; 'computer with many desirable features'; 'a desirable outcome')`
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Optimal^c Lucky^c Desired^c

DesirableEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesirableEvent`
Description	Any Event that is Desirable from the point of view of the agent who caused it to happen. Many Events fall into this category, but only those Event types whose basic meaning implies desirableness will be subtypes of this type.
Super-classes	GoodThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desirable^c
Sub-classes	GoodLuckEvent^c Ridding^c PleasantEvent^c

Desire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desire`
Description	A Desire is DirectedFeeling within a 'IntentionalAgent' that is specific to that agent, that references some 'DesiredFutureSituation'. This is essentially identical to 'desiring' or 'wanting', but differs from a 'Wish' in that a Wish may refer to some Situation that has already passed 'I wish he hadn't done that', whereas a Desire has at least the theoretical possibility of being fulfulled. The restrictions require that a DesiredFutureSituation be specified, and that a 'Goal' be specified that also references that DesiredFutureSituation. This type includes desiring some state of affairs, and desiring some physical object - in the latter case, the 'DesiredFutureSituation' is posession of that object, but desiring possesion can be distinguished from desiring states other than personal possession. It is possible to desire something that one knows to be impossible (e.g., wishing or hoping for a miracle). One implication of the feeling 'Desire' that needs an FOL version to represent is that, if an agent desires some state, and that agent has the ability to make that state occur, then that agent will make that state occur - unless making that state occur will cause some other effect that is not desired. See 'Procedure' for more detail of this logical implication; making a 'Desire' come true will involve having a 'Procedure' to realize the desire, and the realization is related to the 'Procedure' by the relation 'hasExecutionEvent'. This is part of the intended meaning of this type 'Desire'. If an agent does have the ability to make something happen but doesn't do so, then such any weak 'Desire' would have to be classified as a 'velleity' - some greater preference (even laziness) may get in the way of fulfilling the 'Desire': in RHW the definitions of 'velleity' are: (1)the lowest degree of volition; (2) a slight wish or tendency : inclination . @ToDo: not 'velleity' yet (rev987) represented in COSMO. NOTE that both verb and noun 'desire' map to this category: 'to desire' something is to have a desire (feeling) for that something. The something desired is related by the 'hasDesiredSituation' relation. NOTE that a Desire has to be directed toward a FutureSituation; there is a sense of 'wish' that is imilar to this notion, and is included in this type; but there is another, weaker sense of 'wish' that is represented by the type 'Wish' and is not necessarily direct toward a FutureSituation. A 'preference' is a subtype of 'Desire' - see 'Preference'. The Feeling of Desire may be caused by the conclusion of a rational thinking process, but is itself a Feeling, which is not a Proposition. A Person may desire a thing (i.e. to possess a thing), or some future situation - for something to happen, or some process to occur, or some state to come into existence. a specialization of 'Desire' is a 'Goal', which similarly refers to some future situation, but bringing about that future situation involves some intended or planned action on the part of the Agent with the Goal. To 'desire' something is to have this feeling of 'Desire'. Although in language we can say that a person 'desires' an object, in COSMO that would be represented as the person desiring the 'DesiredFutureSituation' in which that person possesses that object, so the desired thing is in all cases a Situation (referenced by the relation 'hasDesiredSituation'), even if an Object is indirectly referenced as a participant in that Situation (i.e. the DesiredSituation is possession of the Object). NOTE that the restriction on this Type references a 'DesiredFutureSituation' rather than merely a FutureSituation. This requires that, in specifying a Desire and the Situation desired, that Situation should be categorized as a DesiredFutureSituation so that it can contain a pointer back to the Agent who wants it, and serve as an index of which agents would be pleased to see a particular Situation happen. (Not all agents need to be thus referenced, as certain DesiredFutureSituations such as the election of some person to an office, may be desired by a very large number of people). NOTE: In SUMO, 'desires' is treated as a relationship between some 'IntentionalAgent' and a proposition describing the thing desired, and a 'Desire' would be the Proposition that is the object of that relation. But there is another difference. The SUMO 'desires' apparently is closer to COSMO 'Goal' since it involves participation of the Agent. The SUMO relation is described here for reference, but is not equivalent to 'Desire' in COSMO. SUMO: (definition of 'desires') '(desires ?AGENT ?FORMULA)' means that ?AGENT wants to bring about the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there is no implication that what is desired by the agent is not already true. Note too that 'desires' is distinguished from 'wants' only in that the former is a PropositionalAttitude, while 'wants' is an ObjectAttitude. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desire' in RHW: : conscious impulse toward something that promises enjoyment or satisfaction in its attainment Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'desire' and verb sense 1 of 'want' , and nouns sense 1 of 'wish' in WordNet: WN noun 'desire': 1. (34) desire - (the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state) WN verb 'desire' 1. (25) desire, want - (feel or have a desire for; want strongly; 'I want to go home now'; 'I want my own room') WN 'wish': 1. (6) wish, wishing, want - (a specific feeling of desire; 'he got his wish'; 'he was above all wishing and desire')
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	typicallyProduces^op only (Goal^c or GoalType^c) hasDesiredSituation^op some SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	Urge^c Appetite^c Compulsion^c Materialism^c Wish^c Preference^c Envy^c Coveting^c Craving^c Longing^c Greed^c Anticipation^c SexualDesire^c Whim^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatCanWriteChecks http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EinsteinsWishForWorldPeace

Desired^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desired`
Description	''Desired'' is the attribute of a '''DesiredObject'' or ''DesiredFutureSituation'' or ''DesiredFutureUse'' or ''DesiredQuantity'' or ''DesiredObjectDestination''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'desired' in Wordnet, but this also applies to things that are desired at any level of intensity, not just the strong desires expressed in the WN gloss: in WordNet: 1. (5) coveted, desired, in demand, sought after - (greatly desired) 2. (1) craved, desired - (wanted intensely; 'the child could no longer resist taking one of the craved cookies'; 'it produced the desired effect')`
Super-classes	Desirable^c
Sub-classes	Prized^c

DesiredFutureSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesiredFutureSituation`
Description	A DesiredFutureSituation is a FutureSituation, (a Process, Event, or State) that has not yet happened, and is desired by some 'IntentionalAgent'. The desire will be represented in some Desire, Goal or Rule. `This situation is considered ''Desirable'' by some agent for whom this provides a Goal or motivation - but it may not be desirable to others. WN noun 'why' in WordNet: 1. why, wherefore - (the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase 'the whys and wherefores')`
Super-classes	FutureSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desirable^c isDesiredBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c isDesiredIn^op some (Goal^c or GoalType^c or Rule^c or Desire^c or Plan^c or Proviso^c or Stipulation^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desired^c
Sub-classes	DesiredFutureUse^c StipulationCondition^c BankingConvenience^c GoalSituation^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PermanentWorldPeace

DesiredFutureUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesiredFutureUse`
Description	''DesiredFutureUse'' a ''DesiredFutureSituation'' that motivates Agents to set aside (see ''Earmarking') some Resource for a particular use desired by the Agent doing the ''Earmarking'.
Super-classes	DesiredFutureSituation^c UsingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desired^c

DesiredObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesiredObject`
Description	A ''DesiredObject'' is an Object (usually Physical) that is desired (for any reason) by an ''IntentionalAgent''. 'His heart's desire'. `NOTE: perhaps the ''Desire'' should be specified -to anchor the temporal context when it is desired? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'desire' in WordNet: 3. (2) desire - (something that is desired)`
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	isDesiredBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desired^c isDesiredIn^op value Desire^c

DesiredObjectDestination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesiredObjectDestination`
Super-classes	RoundTripDestination^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op some DesiredObject^c

DesiredQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesiredQuantity`
Description	Each instance of a ''DesiredQuantity'' is the value of some ''MeasurableQuantity'' that is desired or needed by some agent for some purpose. `See related concepts: isaRequiredResourceFor// requiresResource`
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c Requirement^c NecessaryThing^c Resource^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op some (Goal^c or PossibleFutureSituation^c or GoalSituation^c or GoalType^c or EventType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desired^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneThousandDollars

DesiresContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DesiresContext`
Description	CYC: The collection of all contexts which contain assertions expressing the desires of some agent or group of agents.
Super-classes	PropositionalAttitudeContext^c
Sub-classes	RulesForConduct^c

Desirous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desirous`
Description	The AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing ''Desire''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'desirous' in Wordnet: 1. desirous, wishful - (having or expressing desire for something; 'desirous of high office'; 'desirous of finding a quick solution to the problem')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Randy^c Acquisitive^c Jealous^c

Desisting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desisting`
Description	''Desisting'' is a ''Refraining'' ('ceasing' to do something) from continuing some action. This is a ''PurposefulAction'' because it is not merely the halting of an ongoing Action (which could occur at a natural halting point), but halting an action that the actor would have continued except for some expected negative effect of continuation, or some intervening more urgent need. NOTE @ToDo: differentiate ''QuittingAction'' from ''Desisting'' - does one 'desist' beccause of a command or expected negative consqences?? NOTE that 'Desisting'' is does not include the change when the Action desisted from is stopped - it is only the state after the stopping. Corresponds most closely to RHW 'desist': to cease, as from some action or proceeding; stop. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'desist' in WordNet (which should be a subtype), and verb sense 1 of 'cease': in WordNet: 1. abstain, refrain, desist - (choose not to consume; 'I abstain from alcohol') WN verb 'cease': 1. (25) discontinue, stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off - (put an end to a state or an activity; "Quit teasing your little brother")
Super-classes	QuittingAction^c ConsciousActivity^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	typicallyFollows^op some StoppingEvent^c finishes^op some Action^c hasSubEvent^op value Anticipation-Feeling^c

Desk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desk`
Description	In Cyc called 'Desk-PieceOfFurniture' Cyc: A special type of table used to support books, paperwork, etc, and at which a person sits to read or write. `The relation specifes that a desk supports documents (for reading and writing) but it can also support other things. The subtype ''Lectern'' supports documents and is used while standing rather than sitting. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of noun 'desk' in WordNet: 1. (24) desk - (a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments)`
Super-classes	Object-SupportingFurniture^c StorageConstruct^c Table-Furniture^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value WorkSurface^c
Sub-classes	Lectern^c

DeskDrawer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeskDrawer`
Description	CYC: The collection of all drawers made for desks.
Super-classes	Drawer^c

DeskLamp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeskLamp`
Description	An ElectricLamp suitable for use on top of a desk - the styles vary, but it cannot be a floor lamp. Usually the light points down and is shielded from viewing horizontally, so as not to glare in a desk worker's eyes.
Super-classes	ElectricLamp^c

DeskPad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeskPad`
Description	A sheet of Absorbent material that fits on top of a desk, and can be used as a support for writing on paper. It used to be used to absorb ink spills, but one doesn't see that much anymore, with ball-point pens and computers for writing.
Super-classes	SmallObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c

DeskTop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeskTop`
Description	This ''DeskTop'' is not for computer screens. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desktop' in WordNet: 1. desktop - (the top of a desk)`
Super-classes	TopSide^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Desk^c

DeskWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeskWorker`
Description	A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. #$DeskWorker is a very broad category, consisting of those people who do a significant amount of their work sitting at desks (as opposed, e.g., to those who do physically demanding or outdoor work). While the sorts of work performed at desks make up too heterogeneous a class for #$DeskWorker itself to be considered an #$PersonTypeByOccupation (q.v.), some of its subcollections do correspond to types of occupations, e.g. #$Administrator, #$ComputerOperator, and #$Secretary. `One of the class of 'White collar workers': in WordNet: 1. (2) white-collar - (of or designating salaried professional or clerical work or workers; 'the coal miner's son aspired to a white-collar occupation as a bookkeeper')`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value White-Collar^c
Sub-classes	Designer^c Accountant^c Comptroller^c Publicist^c AdministrativeStaffPerson^c ClericalWorker^c

Despair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Despair`
Description	''Despair'' is an ''EmotionalState'' that may includes some ''Fear'' of bad things that may happen, plus a feeling of hopelessness that nothing can be done to prevent those bad things. This includes moderate levels of 'hopelessness' such as in subtype ''Pessimism''. CYC: Utter loss of hope. NOTE: sense 1 of 'despair' includes the state of 'desperation' - but the PhysicalSituation that can cause 'Despair'' is represented as ''Desperation''. This type is for the Feeling. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'despair' and non sense 1 of 'hopelessness' in WordNet: 1. (4) despair, desperation - (a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly; 'they were rescued from despair at the last minute') 2. (8) despair - (the feeling that everything is wrong and nothing will turn out well) WN noun 'hopelessness': 1. hopelessness - (the despair you feel when you have abandoned hope of comfort or success)
Super-classes	Fear^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Despairing^c isCausedBy^op value Desperation^c
Sub-classes	Pessimism^c Resignation^c Anguish^c ClinicalDepression^c

Despairing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Despairing

Description

''Despairing'' is the attribute of someone with the Feeling of ''Despair''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'despairing' in WordNet:
          1. (3) despairing, desperate - (arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope;
            'a despairing view of the world situation'; 'the last despairing plea of 
            the condemned criminal'; 'a desperate cry for help'; 'helpless and desperate-as if 
            at the end of his tether'; 'her desperate screams')

Super-classes Afraid^c

Desperately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desperately

Description

''Desperately'' is an AdverbOfManner that can modify Actions to indicate that they were performed in a ''Despairing'' manner, or to indicate that the action characterized was performed 'in desperation' (in a ''Despairing' state).

         Correspond to adverb sense 2 of'desperately' in WordNet:
           2. (3) desperately - (in intense despair; 'the child clung desperately to her mother')
        WN adv 'madly':
           1. (6) madly - (in a desperate manner; 'she fought back madly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Desperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Desperation`
Description	A ''DangerousSituation'' in which death, significant physical injury, significant physical distruction, or significant financial (or other) disaster may occur and no feasible Action seems adequate to prevent the damage.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'desperation' in WordNet: 1. (4) despair, desperation - (a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly; 'they were rescued from despair at the last minute')`
Super-classes	DangerousSituation^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Despair^c

Despised^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Despised

Description

Being hated by most members of the community.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'despised' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) despised, detested, hated, scorned - (treated with contempt)

Super-classes HeldInContempt^c

Despising^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Despising

Description

A ''Despising'' is a PersistentState that is a more intensive form of ''HatingEvent'' (which is itself pretty intense).

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'despise' in WordNet:
         1. (8) contemn, despise, scorn, disdain - (look down on with disdain; 
             'He despises the people he has to work for'; 'The professor scorns the students 
             who don't catch on immediately')

Super-classes HatingEvent^c

Despondent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Despondent

Description

''Despondent'' is the attribute of someone having little or no hope of achieving something important

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'despondent' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) despondent, heartsick - (without or almost without hope;
             'despondent about his failure'; 'too heartsick to fight back')

Super-classes WithoutHope^c
Unhappy^c

DessertFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DessertFood`
Description	An Object, not a substance. For the substance, use ''DessertSubstance''. This is the ''CourseOfAMeal'' (a ''DishOfFood'') that is served after the ''Entree'' at a ''MultiCourseMeal''. This is a ''Role'' that a ''SweetTastingObject'' may play when served or consumed as part of a ''MultiCourseMeal'', and is still a ''SweetTastingObject'' when consumed at other times. (for example,a ''SweetTastingObject'' could be a ''Snack''). CYC: A collection of tangible stuff. Each instance of #$DessertFood is an item of food which, in its prepared state, is customarily eaten by people as part of the #$DessertCourse of a meal. For example, (in #$NorthAmericanCuisine,) ice cream, cake, pie. COSMO note: A ''DessertFood'' may often be eaten as a snack independent of meals, and in the case of certain foods such as 'Cookie's that may be the most common time for eating them. A ''DessertFood'' is usually 'sweet', but this type includes food found in snacks, such as popcorn or crackers, so in this case being 'sweet' does not have to mean literall sugar-laden, just having some pleasant-tasting substances aded. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'dessert' in WordNet: 1. (2) dessert, sweet, afters - (a dish served as the last course of a meal)
Super-classes	PleasantThing^c SweetTastingObject^c Role^c CourseOfAMeal^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value MultiCourseMeal^c
Sub-classes	PieCrust^c Pie^c FrozenDessertObject^c Cake^c CreamPie^c SliceOfPie^c Dumpling^c GranolaBar^c Cookie^c MousseDish^c SnackFood^c

DessertSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DessertSubstance`
Description	An edible substance (solid or liquid) that is eaten primarily for the pleasure of its taste, rather than for its nutritional value, though it may have some nutritional value. It is usually by not necesarily sweet (fruit can be a desert). `This is general, and not just for things that are eaten as 'dessert' after meals. dessert`
Super-classes	Food^c
Sub-classes	Pudding^c FrozenDessertFood^c Marmalade^c Chocolate^c Custard^c Candy^c Popcorn^c

Destabilizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Destabilizing`
Description	''Destabilizing'' is an ''Altering'' and a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' of something that makes some Object or system''Ustable'' and leads to ''Instability''. This is the transitive Event that affects some Object(s). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'destabilize' in WordNet: 2. destabilize, destabilise - (make unstable; 'Terrorism destabilized the government')`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c Altering^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Instability^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Unstable^c causes^op value BecomingUnstable^c

Destination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Destination`
Description	A ''Destination'' is a ''Place'' that is the intended endpoint of a ''Translation-Complete'': or a ''"GoingSomewhere'' For the starting place use ''StartingPlace''. see ''Translation-Complete'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'destination' in WordNet: 1. (2) finish, destination, goal - (the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey); 'a crowd assembled at the finish'; 'he was nearly exhausted as their destination came into view')`
Super-classes	SceneOfEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingPlaceOf^op some Translation-Complete^c wasTheLocationOf^op some ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Sub-classes	FinishLine^c RoundTripDestination^c

Destined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Destined

Description

''Destined'' is the attribute of a Person or Event that experienced a ''Destining'' by the 'hand of Fate'. This is a mystical concept, not useful for scientific descriptions of Events.

    Includes adjective sense 1 of 'destined' and sense 1 of 'fated' in WordNet:
      2. bound, destined - ((usually followed by 'to') governed by fate; 
         'bound to happen'; 'an old house destined to be demolished'; 'he is destined to be famous')
     WN adjective 'fated':
      1. doomed, fated - ((usually followed by 'to') determined by tragic fate; 'doomed to unhappiness';
          'fated to be the scene of Kennedy's assassination')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Destining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Destining`
Description	''Destining''is the mystical notion that some force,usually referred to as 'Fate' or 'Destiny' can preordain the events or outcome of a Person's life. This is the action by which ''Fate' does that. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'destine' (performed by fate, not by a Person) in WordNet: 1. (4) destine, fate, doom, designate - (decree or designate beforehand; 'She was destined to become a great pianist')`
Super-classes	Compelling^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Fate^c

Destiny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Destiny`
Description	''Destiny'' is the final stage of a Person's life (including the dying phase and the manner of dying), the ''Outcome'' of a Person's earlier stages of life. One's ''Destiny'' can depend largely on the actions one takes in life, but can also depend heavily on factors not directly under one's control, including (in some views or philosophies) the hand of ''Fate'', the mystical being or force that affects a Person's life. This COSMO concept is not used in a technical or scientific sense, but is a representation of a real concept (''LifeTime'') that has a strong relation to popular or philosophic notions of the forces that affect people, including 'luck'. The logical representation of this popular notion is represented by the relation ''mayBeCausedBy Fate'', which makes no commitment about the reality of that mystical force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'destiny' in WordNet: 1. (6) destiny, fate - (an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future)
Super-classes	Outcome^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Fate^c isaSubEventOf^op value Lifetime^c
Sub-classes	Karma^c Doom^c

Destroyer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Destroyer`
Description	CYC: The collection of highly maneuverable, relatively small warships which are used to destroy other naval ships. Typically these ships are armed with naval guns, depth charges, and torpedoes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'destroyer' in WordNet: 1. (1) destroyer, guided missile destroyer - (a small fast lightly armored but heavily armed warship)`
Super-classes	Weapon^c ModernNavalShip^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast^c

DestructionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DestructionEvent`
Description	CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent. In each instance of this collection at least one instance of #$SomethingExisting (the #$inputsDestroyed) ceases to exist. Examples include deleting a computer file, chopping down a tree and breaking an agreement. For cases where the item destroyed is a material thing (i.e. an instance of #$PartiallyTangible), see the more specialized #$PhysicalDestructionEvent. NOTE: this is not necessarily an Action because it can be the result of a natural process or event, and the object destroyed does not have to be physical. See subtypes for more specific kinds of destruction.. This therefore is not a subtype of 'DamagingEvent' which must be caused by an agent. Also note that the subtype 'PhysicalDestructionEvent' would be best used for Events that cause something to not exist, even though that event is not harmful to any agent or any agent's purpose (e.g. the destruction of some rock on the moon by a meteorite). Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'ruin' and sense 2 of 'destroy' in WordNet: WN 'destroy': 2. (28) destroy, ruin - (destroy completely; damage irreparably; 'You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!'; 'The tears ruined her make-up') WN 'ruin': 1. (4) destroy, ruin - (destroy completely; damage irreparably; 'You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!'; 'The tears ruined her make-up') 2. ruin - (destroy or cause to fail; 'This behavior will ruin your chances of winning the election') WN noun 'destruction': 1. (8) destruction, devastation - (the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists) 2. (6) destruction, demolition, wipeout - (an event (or the result of an event) WN noun 'demolition': 2. demolition - (the act of demolishing) that completely destroys something)
Super-classes	CreationOrDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Existence^c hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value Creation^c
Sub-classes	PsychologicalDevastation^c Ruining^c Razing^c Interdiction^c Devastation^c Disassembling^c PhysicalDestructionEvent^c IntentionalDestruction^c Annihilation^c

Destructive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Destructive`
Description	''Destructive'' is a property of a ''DestructionEvent''. `Includes adjective sense 1 of 'destructive' and part of sense 1 of 'damaging' in WordNet: 1. (6) destructive - (causing destruction or much damage; 'a policy that is destructive to the economy'; 'destructive criticism')`
Super-classes	Damaging^c
Sub-classes	Fatal^c

DestructiveEarthquake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DestructiveEarthquake`
Description	An ''Earthquake''on Planet earth that causes major property damage and/or significant loss of life. These ''Eathquakes'' will usually have a strength greater than 5 on the Richter scale. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'earthquake' in Wordnet: 1. (17) earthquake, quake, temblor, seism - (shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity)`
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c NaturalDisaster^c Earthquake^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Disaster^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

DestructiveWind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DestructiveWind`
Description	A 'Wind'' having such high velocity as to cause damage. Contrast to 'Breeze'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind' in WordNet: 1. (29) wind, air current, current of air - (air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; 'trees bent under the fierce winds'; 'when there is no wind, row'; 'the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmosphere')`
Super-classes	Wind^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VGT_50MPH^c

Detached^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detached`
Description	''Detached'' is a subAttribute of ''Separated'' for objects that were not merely close together,but previously attached to each other. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'detached' in WordNet: 3. (1) detached, separated - (no longer connected or joined; 'a detached part'; 'on one side of the island was a huge rock, almost detached'; 'the separated spacecraft will return to their home bases')`
Super-classes	Separated^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Uninvolved^c

DetachedHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DetachedHouse`
Description	Individual residence separated from others, typically surrounded by a yard.
Super-classes	Building^c SingleResidenceUnit^c
Sub-classes	ManufacturedHome^c

Detaching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detaching`
Description	''Detaching'' is a 'Disconnecting' in which two component parts of a system that were attached to each other are detached, and no longer connected, but without losing any part of either object'that was attached. One part may be small enough so that when detached, the remaining part does not lose its essential identity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'detach' in WordNet: 1. (3) detach - (cause to become detached or separated; take off; 'detach the skin from the chicken before you eat it')`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Attaching^c

Detachment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detachment`
Description	''Detachment'' is state and Feeling in which one person is indifferent and unconcerned about the well-being or problems of some other person(s), and avoids (intentionally or unconsciously) becoming emotionally 'attached'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detachment' in WordNet: 1. (1) withdrawal, detachment - (avoiding emotional involvement)`
Super-classes	Indifference^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uninvolved^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Intimacy^c

Detail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detail`
Description	Each 'Detail' is an assertion about some particular thing that has already been described more generally. Such an assertion may or may not be true, so this is not considered a subtype of 'fact' as it is in WordNet. `NOTE that this does not include the 'detail' in some design or ornamentation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detail' in WordNet: 1. (360) detail, item, point - (an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole; 'several of the details are similar'; 'a point of information')`
Super-classes	Assertion^c ParticularFact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Specialised^c
Sub-classes	Technicality^c

Detailed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detailed`
Description	(of a discussion of a topic) Having multiple parts, including specific assertions that related to subtopics of the more general topic. `Contrasts with 'general', 'broad', 'shallow' in discussions of a topic. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'detailed' in WordNet (pertaining to documents or plans): 1. (26) detailed, elaborate, elaborated - (developed or executed with care and in minute detail; 'a detailed plan'; 'the elaborate register of the inhabitants prevented tax evasion'- John Buchan; 'the carefully elaborated theme')`
Super-classes	Complex^c
Sub-classes	Technical^c Graphic^c Explicit^c

Details^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Details`
Description	This ''Details'' is a ''Group'' of at least three ''Detail''s. `Includes butis broader than noun sense 1 of 'details' and does not necessarily include 'inside information' in WordNet: 1. (2) details, inside information - (true confidential information; 'after the trial he gave us the real details')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 3

Detainee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detainee

Description

A ''Detainee'' is a 'Prisoner' who is being held in custody but has not yet been convicted and jailed for some specific offense. This would include people being held on suspicion of violating a law, as well as people being held in come combat situation.

       NOTE: the WN gloss includes 'political detainee' but this type is for 
         any kind of detainee, not just political.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detainee' in WordNet:
         1. detainee, political detainee - (some held in custody)

Super-classes Role^c
Person^c
Prisoner^c

Detectable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detectable`
Description	'Detectable' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event or of an AttributeValue of some object, that can be perceived by human senses or instruments (see 'Observing'); if directly perceivable with the senses only, use 'perceivable'; if requiring in addition to sensory perception some degree of though or inference, use 'Perceptible'. Every PhysicalObject should have this Attribute, even if only in principle - even neutrinos and dark matter are detectable by instruments (along with some calculations). For the attribute of things that can be perceived by human senses use the subtype 'Perceivable'. If something has this attribute, it means that the Event of detecting it is 'Possible'. Many things are Detectable, but this attribute would usually only be used in contrasting with things that are not in principle Detectable. The more useful subtype 'perceivable' can be used to specify that people can perceive it with their own senses. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'observable' and sense 1 of 'detectable' and sense 1 of 'perceptible; sense 2 of 'detectable in WN is referenced here for contrast; it is the sense in which something is easily detected, and that sense is not included here, though it may at some point be useful as a subtype. NOTE that the synset with 'observable' is also used with subattribute ''Perceivable'' since that term is used for perceiving with the eyes as well as perceiving with instruments. WN 'observable': in WordNet: 1. (2) discernible, evident, observable - (capable of being seen or noticed; 'a discernible change in attitude'; 'a clearly evident erasure in the manuscript'; 'an observable change in behavior') WN 'detectable': 1. (7) detectable, noticeable - (capable of being detected; 'after a noticeable pause the lecturer continued') 2. (1) detectable, perceptible - (easily seen or detected; 'a detectable note of sarcasm'; 'he continued after a perceptible pause') WN 'perceptible': 1. (1) perceptible - (capable of being perceived by the mind or senses; 'a perceptible limp'; 'easily perceptible sounds'; 'perceptible changes in behavior')
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Conspicuous^c Perceivable^c Observed^c Invisible^c Perceptible^c

Detected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detected`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'detected' in Wordnet: 1. (2) detected - (perceived or discerned; 'the detected micrometeoritic material')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Identified^c

Detecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detecting`
Description	'Detecting' is a voluntary 'Observing' (using any bodily sense, with or without instruments), which is a voluntary action that is also a 'Detection' which merely specifies that the existence of something was noticed by some voluntary action. In general, a 'Detection' will also be accompanied by a 'Recognizing', meaning that the thing detected is recognized as belonging to some particular type; however, this sense is more general, and may be as vague as a person detecting some problem due to, for example, a change in the sound emanating from a machine, without being able to specify if it is in fact a problem, or what the cause is. An odor can be detected without recognizing what kind of odor it is (an unfamiliar odor). But in both of those cases, there is some information about the type of things noticed, even if at a very broad category such as 'sound' or 'odor'. But this type does not require that the type of thing detected be specified. `Corresponds to only part of verbs sense 1 of 'detect' in Wordnet; this is only for detecting the existence of something, not for quantitative measurements.: in WordNet: 1. (23) detect, observe, find, discover, notice - (discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of; 'She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water'; 'We found traces of lead in the paint')`
Super-classes	Observing^c DiscoveryEvent^c Detection^c
Sub-classes	RadarBasedDetection^c AnalyzingGroupProperties^c

Detection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detection`
Description	Each 'Detection' is an Action in which some PhysicalObject, by interacting with something, creates a signal that can be interpreted by an Agent as information. This is very general, and the Agent can be a Device, such as a microphone or a bodily organ, such as an Eye, or even a molecule at the surface of a 'Cell' that detects a chemical signal in the 'Cell''s environment and causes some response that may or may not be used by the 'Cell'. Each instance of 'Detection' had some kind of detector (a 'Sensor') that mediated the Detection: the restriction requires that this 'Sensor' (or its type) must be specified. Intentional acts of Detection by an 'IntentionalAgent' are represented by 'Detecting'. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'detection' in Wordnet: 1. (4) detection, sensing - (the perception that something has occurred or some state exists; 'early detection can often lead to a cure') 2. (2) detection, catching, espial, spying, spotting - (the act of detecting something; catching sight of something)
Super-classes	IBTGeneration^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Signal^c wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op some (Sensor^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	RadioSignalDetection^c SensingByaDevice^c Detecting^c

Detective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detective`
Description	A ''Detective'' is a trained ''Inspector'' who performs investigations, working for hire or for some governmental agency. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'detective' in WordNet: 2. (1) detective - (an investigator engaged or employed in obtaining information not easily available to the public)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Investigator^c Inspector^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Investigation^c
Sub-classes	PrivateInvestigator^c

DetentionFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DetentionFacility`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$ConstructionArtifacts built with the express purpose of detaining captives.
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToHold^op value Captive^c isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Imprisoning^c
Sub-classes	PenalInstitution^c

Detergent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detergent

Description

A substance composed of one or more synthetic surfactants. They are usually is designed to be used to emulsify dirt and grease, and help clean things, but may have other applications. Some surfactants, for example, are used to solubilize otherwise insoluble membrane-bound enzymes in biochemical research.

     Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'detergent' in WordNet:
      1. (22) detergent - (a surface-active chemical widely used in industry and laundering)
      2. (3) detergent - (a cleansing agent that differs from soap but can also emulsify oils
          and hold dirt in suspension)

Super-classes CleaningSubstance^c
Surfactant^c

Deteriorating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deteriorating`
Description	`deteriorating`
Super-classes	Worsening^c

DeteriorationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeteriorationEvent`
Description	Each 'DeteriorationEvent' is an Event in which some PhysicalObject or PhysicalSubstance changes its physical or chemical state to a state that is less good (for some agent's purpose). This is very general, and an Event that may be considered as a deterioration by one agent mght be considered an improvement by another: the agent and his/her purpose are conceptually integral to this concept, but are not as yet (r953) formally encoded. In general, for artifacts created for a purpose, any reduced efficiency in achieving that purpose would be a DeteriorationEvent. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'deterioration' in WordNet: 1. (1) deterioration, impairment - (a symptom of reduced quality or strength) 2. deterioration, decline in quality, declension, worsening - (process of changing to an inferior state)`
Super-classes	SalientBadEvent^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c WorseningEvent^c Decline^c
Sub-classes	Corrosion^c Degrading^c Slump^c Decaying^c Wilting^c Spoiling^c Decomposing^c

Determinant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Determinant

Description

A mathematical Determinant, with rows and columns. More detail is left to a specialized Math ontology.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'determinant' in Wordnet:
       3. determinant - (a square matrix used to solve simultaneous equations)

Super-classes Matrix^c

Determination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Determination`
Description	NOTE that this is represented as a ''Trait'' but it includes as a subEvent the ''Feeling'' of ''Resolution-Emotion''. `This includes sense 2 of 'determination' and sense 5 of 'drive' in WordNet 2.1: in WordNet: 2. determination, purpose - (the quality of being determined to do or achieve something; 'his determination showed in his every movement'; 'he is a man of purpose') WN noun 'drive': 5. (1) drive - (the trait of being highly motivated; 'his drive and energy exhausted his co-workers')`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Resolution-Emotion^c
Sub-classes	Pluck^c Gumption^c

Determined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Determined`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Determination. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'determined' in WordNet: 1. (10) determined - (characterized by great determination; 'a struggle against a determined enemy')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Resolved-Determined^c

Determiner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Determiner`
Description	A Determiner is a word that is similar to an adjective but restricts the referential meaning of the following noun phrase; they usually precede descriptive adjectives and include the articles: the, a, and an, and any words that may substitute for them, as my, your, their, our, some, and each. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'determiner' in WordNet: 2. determiner, determinative - (one of a limited class of noun modifiers that determine the referents of noun phrases)`
Super-classes	ClosedClassWord^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#our http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#her-poss http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#thy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#some http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hisOrHerOwn http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#these http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#the http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EN_each http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#a http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#this http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#that http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#every http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#an http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#mine-poss http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hisOrHer http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#almost_all http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#my http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#its http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#All http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#theirs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#most http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#your http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#those http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#his http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#their

Determining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Determining`
Description	''Determining'' is a subattribute of ''Conclusive'' for things leaving no doubts unanswered - a slightly more intensive nuance of ''Conclusive'. Things that are ''Determining'' may not only cause BelievingSomething, but may cause other effects - determined by usage in context. `NOTE that WN has example 'cast the deciding vote' here, and in the subattribute 'Decisive' also the example 'cast the decisice vote'. Apparently closely related. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'determining' in Wordnet: 1. (1) crucial, deciding, determinant, determinative, determining - (having the power or quality of deciding; 'the crucial experiment'; 'cast the deciding vote'; 'the determinative (or determinant) battle')`
Super-classes	Conclusive^c
Sub-classes	Decisive^c

DeterminingFactor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeterminingFactor`
Description	A ''DeterminingFactor'' is a ''Consideration'' that has the dominant influence on the outcome of one or more of a Person's Actions. This is only for things that affect people's motives and actions, and is not a 'factor' in natural processes. NOTE: the WN synset in itself does not appear to exclude natural processes, but is located in a place in the WN hierarchy (parent type is 'cognitive factor') where mental causation is the main or only ''Consideration''. A separate entry might (should?) be created for 'determining factor's in natural processes - needs review of usage. Corresponds to part (for mental causation) of noun sense 1 of 'determining factor' in WordNet: 1. (1) determinant, determiner, determinative, determining factor, causal factor - (a determining or causal element or factor; 'education is an important determinant of one's outlook on life')
Super-classes	Consideration^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Determining^c
Sub-classes	Keystone^c

DeterrenceEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeterrenceEvent`
Description	CYC: A collection of actions; a subset of #$MakingAThreat and #$DissuadingFromAction, thus, a collection of successful threats. More specifically, each instance of #$DeterrenceEvent is the use of a threat to dissuade an adversary from undertaking an action. Note that, in order to be effective, a deterrent must be a threat credible to its target (#$communicationTarget). For uncertain attempts to deter, use (#$AttemptingFn #$DeterrenceEvent). COSMO note: the restriction requires that the 'Refraining' caused by a 'DeterrenceEvent' be specified. The restriction specifies that a 'DeterrenceEvent' (which must be successful deterrence) will always cause a 'Refraining'. NOTE that deterrence may be successful for a while, then fail; up to the point where it fails, it can be a 'DeterrenceEvent', but if it fails, it no longer fits under this type, but could still be the parent 'DeterringSomeone', an attempting action. The closest WordNet 'deter' is sense 1, but that sense is an attempt to deter that is not necessarily successful - for an attempted deterrence, closer to the WordNet sense, use 'DeterringSomeone': in WordNet: 1. (1) deter, discourage - (try to prevent; show opposition to; 'We should discourage this practice among our youth')
Super-classes	Compelling^c Deterrent^c MakingAThreat^c DissuadingFromAction^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some Refraining^c

Deterrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deterrent`
Description	A 'Deterrent' is any Object, Action, or Situation (including possible ''FutureSituation''s that are ''Undesirable'') that causes an Animal to refrain from some otherwise possible or likely or desired Action. NOTE: If something is done - a threat or creating a Physical barrier or restraint - with the intention of deterring, but does not in fact deter, it will not be a ''Deterrent''. The specific 'attempt' at a ''DeterrenceEvent'' is represented by ''DeterringSomeone''. A physical restraint that prevents an animal from doing something regardless of whethertheanimal wants to or not, is not a ''Deterrent'' which works by causing ''Reraining''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'deterrent' in WordNet: 1. (1) hindrance, hinderance, deterrent, impediment, balk, baulk, check, handicap - (something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress)
Super-classes	Hindrance^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Refraining^c
Sub-classes	DeterrenceEvent^c

DeterringSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeterringSomeone`
Description	The Action in which some Agent tries to cause another agent to become sufficiently discouraged about chances of success in some action, to cause the discouraged agent to not attempt that (otherwise planned) action. NOTE that, as in the WordNet usage, this type of action does not necessarily always result in the discouraged agent not trying to do the intended action; so it is not a form of 'prevention'. Successful deterrence would be a subtype, represented by 'DissuadingFromAction', and if a Threat is used, 'DeterrenceEvent'. 'DeterringSomeone' is always intentional, and requires a Communication as part of the Action. This is an attempting action; in CYC, attempts are represented by using an 'attempting' function, but as functions are not present in OWL, that tactic cannot be used here. The In CYC Deterrence is a subtype of 'MakingaThreat', but in COSMO a threat is not necessarily part of this concept. For the CYC 'deterring' use 'DeterrenceEvent'. CYC: 'DeterrenceEvent' A collection of actions; a subset of #$MakingAThreat and #$DissuadingFromAction, thus, a collection of successful threats. More specifically, each instance of #$DeterrenceEvent is the use of a threat to dissuade an adversary from undertaking an action. Note that, in order to be effective, a deterrent must be a threat credible to its target (#$communicationTarget). For uncertain attempts to deter, use (#$AttemptingFn #$DeterrenceEvent). Corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'discourage' in WordNet: 1. (12) deter, discourage - (try to prevent; show opposition to; "We should discourage this practice among our youth")
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c DiscouragingSomeone^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value DeterrenceEvent^c
Sub-classes	DissuadingFromAction^c

DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice`
Description	'DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice' is an Action in which an IntentionalAgent causes an ExplosiveDevice to detonate (explode), This can be merely to ecplode the device itself (as in destroying it, or in a fireworks display), or for the purpose of detroying something by means of the device. `@ToDo: There should be a distinction betwen the main charge and the detonator - both are ''ExplosiveDevice''s. ?'DetonatableExplosiveDevice'?? The intransitive sense of something blowing up is represented by 'Explosion'; that sense corresponds most closely with WordNet sense 9 of 'explode'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'detonate' and sense 1 of 'explode' in WordNet: 1. (3) explode, detonate, blow up, set off - (cause to burst with a violent release of energy; 'We exploded the nuclear bomb')`
Super-classes	UsingAnObject^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Detonator^c requiredInstrument^op value ExplosiveDevice^c hasSubEvent^op value Explosion^c alwaysCauses^op value Explosion^c

Detonator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detonator`
Description	This is for 'detonators' that are themselves explosive devices and are used to detonate charges that do not explode from a spark, such as dynamite and TNT. CYC: A #$Detonator is a device containing a very sensitive explosive (see #$PrimaryDetonatorExplosiveType) that is used to fire a larger charge (or to initiate a sequence of charges) of less sensitive and more manageable explosive material (see #$SecondaryDetonatorExplosiveType). NOTE: WN term 'detonating fuse' appears to include this type of detonator' but the only parent of detonator' in WN is 'explosive device'. Unless some other type of 'detonating fuse' is described, this is considered as synoymous with WN 'detonating fuse'. This includes detonators for large charges like TNT, for example with mercury fulminate or tetryl, but also for the small caps at the rear of a bullet assembly that is activated by being hit by the firing pin and then causes the main charge of the bullet (usually guncotton) to explode and propel the bullet. A disinction can can be made when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detonator' in WordNet: 1. detonator, detonating device, cap - (a mechanical or electrical explosive device or a small amount of explosive; can be used to initiate the reaction of a disrupting explosive) WN 'detonating fuse': 1. (1) detonating fuse - (a fuse containing an explosive)
Super-classes	Fuse^c ExplosiveDevice^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value ExplosiveDevice^c isUsedInAction^op value DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice^c

Detour^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detour

Description

A ''Detour'' is a Roadway that can be used to get from one point to another on the Road, when the normal shorter path is closed for some reason, e.g. blocked fo repair or beause there is some accident on that road.

       For a shorter route than the usual, use ''ShortcutRoad''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detour' in WordNet:
           1. detour, roundabout way - (a roundabout road 
              (especially one that is used temporarily while a main route is blocked))

Super-classes SubstituteThing^c
Roadway^c

Detracting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detracting`
Description	''Detracting'' is a ''Reduction'' Action that reduces some Attribute or Quality. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'detract' in Wordnet: 1. (1) take away, detract - (take away a part from; diminish; 'His bad manners detract from his good character')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op only (Attribute^c or Quality^c or QualityType^c or Quality^c or AttributeValueType^c)

Detractor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detractor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detractor' in WordNet: 1. (1) detractor, disparager, depreciator, knocker - (one who disparages or belittles the worth of something)`
Super-classes	FaultFinder^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value DisparagingAction^c

Detriment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detriment`
Description	A ''Detriment'' is some change in circumstances or attributes that is caused by a ''DamagingEvent''. NOTE: the difference between 'detriment' and 'damage' is not clear in WordNet but in COSMO a 'detriment' can be a change in external circumstances, whereas ''Damage' should be applied to a change in some attribute(s) of the thing damaged. 'the market changed to their detriment' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detriment' in WordNet: 1. detriment, hurt - (a damage or loss`
Super-classes	Change^c
Sub-classes	Damage^c

Detrimental^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Detrimental`
Description	''Detrimental'' is the most general attribute characterizing Events that cause some form of 'detriment' or undesirable change in either external circumstances or internal attributes of some Agent. Mote specific attributes asserting somechange in theinternalattributes of an Agent are subAttributes ''Harmful and ''Damaging''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'detrimental' in Wordnet: 1. damaging, detrimental, prejudicial, prejudicious - ((sometimes followed by `to') causing harm or injury; "damaging to career and reputation"; "the reporter's coverage resulted in prejudicial publicity for the defendant")
Super-classes	Undesirable^c
Sub-classes	Unhealthful^c Harmful^c

DeusExMachina^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeusExMachina

Description

An agent that appears, as if by magic, to solve a seemingly intractable problem. From ancient Greek and Roman drama.

    Added to represent WordNet element.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deus ex machina' in WordNet:
      1. deus ex machina - (any active agent who appears unexpectedly to solve an insoluble difficulty)

Super-classes IntelligentAgent^c
AgentiveObject^c

Devaluing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Devaluing`
Description	''Devaluing'' is a ''Degrading'' in which some ''IntelligentAgent'' acts to cause something to lose part or all of its value. This is broadly applicable, but the term 'devalue' is commonly use to refer to the action of a Government that reduces the value of its currency. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'devalue' in Wordnet: 1. devalue, devaluate - (remove the value from; deprive of its value)`
Super-classes	Degrading^c Action^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c causes^op value Depreciation^c

Devastated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Devastated`
Description	''Devastated'' is the attribute pertaining to either physical or psychological devastation.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Devastating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Devastating

Description

''Devastating'' is an intensive form of ''Damaging'' ; it is the property of a ''Devastation'' Event, which completely or almost completely physically destroys the object(s) affected.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'devastating' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) annihilative, annihilating, devastating, withering -
             (wreaking or capable of wreaking complete destruction;
             'possessing annihilative power'; 'a devastating hurricane'; 
             'the guns opened a withering fire')

Super-classes Damaging^c
Bad^c

Devastation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Devastation

Description

''Devastation'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which something is competely or almost completely (not just partly) destoyed. This can be used for abstract Objects. For Mental objects or metaphorically for a Person's psychological state use ''PhchologicalDevastation''

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'devastate' in WordNet:
            1. (3) lay waste to, waste, devastate, desolate, ravage, scourge - 
              (devastate or ravage; 'The enemy lay waste to the countryside after the invasion')
        WN noun 'devastation':
          3. devastation, desolation - (an event that results in total destruction)

Super-classes DestructionEvent^c

Developed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Developed

Description

a Specialized IntensiveAttributeValue of countries that have a well-developed industrial base. 'development' is on a continuum, so the The criterion for being 'developed' may vary from time to time, and may be set by international bodies. This is the highest on a scale that includes the attributes 'developing' and 'underdeveloped' (roughly the same as 'third-world').

 Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of  'developed' and sense 2 of 'industrial' and in WordNet:
   WN adj 'developed':
     2. developed, highly-developed - ((used of societies) having high industrial development; 'developed countries')
   WN adj 'industrial':
    2. (3) industrial - (having highly developed industries;
        'the industrial revolution'; 'an industrial nation')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c

DevelopedMuscle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevelopedMuscle`
Description	A ''DevelopedMuscle'' is a ''Muscle'' in a Person, that is larger than one of an average person, usually due to frequent use that causes it to naturally increase in size. This is her primarily to expres the meaning of ''Brawny'' (= muscular) for people with prominently developed muscles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscle' in WordNet: 1. (44) muscle, musculus - (one of the contractile organs of the body)`
Super-classes	Muscle^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

DevelopedMuscles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevelopedMuscles`
Description	''DevelopedMuscles'' is a Group of ''DevelopedMuscle'' in a Person. These can be any group of muscles that tend to increase in size from use, such as 'abs,'lats', biceps' and whatever else bodybuilders are concerned with.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c hasComponentElement^op value DevelopedMuscle^c

Developer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Developer`
Description	A ''Developer'' is an ''Expert'' in some field that creates something new (usually something useful) by a ''DevelopmentProcess''. `Although the Wordnet sense includes only a real estate developer, this sense includes all types of developer, including software or novel products or processes. Includes but is much broader than noun sense 1 of 'developer' in WordNet: 1. (4) developer - (someone who develops real estate (especially someone who prepares a site for residential or commercial use))`
Super-classes	Expert^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DevelopingSomething^c

Developing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Developing`
Description	''Developing'' is an attribute of nations or geographical regions whose economy is partly ''Industrialized'' but in large part still depends on agriculture or small localenterprises `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'developing' in WordNet: 1. (2) developing, underdeveloped - (relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Evolving^c Budding^c

Developing-Formative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Developing-Formative`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'formative' in Wordnet: 1. formative - (susceptible to alteration by development and experience; 'formative years')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DevelopingFilm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevelopingFilm`
Description	''DevelopingFilm'' is a ''ProcessingSomething'' in which an exposed but undeveloped photographic film (or plate) is bathed with a developing solution to bring out the image, positive or negative. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'developing' in WordNet: 1. development, developing - (processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible; 'the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours')`
Super-classes	RevealingSomething^c ProcessingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value UnexposedFilmCoating^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value PhysicalImage^c hadChangedEntity^op value PhotographicFilm^c

DevelopingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevelopingSomething`
Description	'DevelopingSomething' is general concept, representing any of various Actions where an agent Intentionally causes something to come into existence by a gradual process. This is a transitive Action; for the intransitive sense, use 'DevelopmentProcess' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'develop' in Wordnet: 1. (48) develop - (make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation; 'Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather'; 'They developed a new technique')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c ActingOnSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Developer^c causes^op value Development^c
Sub-classes	Explicating^c Redevelopment^c DevelopmentProcess^c

DevelopingaNewProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevelopingaNewProduct`
Description	''DevelopingaNewProduct'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' in which the a ''DevelopingSomething'' is completed and a new ''Product'' becomes available. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advent' in WordNet: 1. (2) advent, coming - (arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous); 'the advent of the computer')`
Super-classes	ReachingaState^c HumanActivity^c SuccessfulAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Product^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value DevelopingSomething^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or AgentType^c or Organization^c)

Development^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Development`
Description	A very general concept of an ''Arising'', an Intransitive Event in which something comes into being or assumes a different form by a gradual process, possibly caused by a ''DevelopingSomething'' Action. This is an intransitive sense; for transitive Actions in which agents cause something to develop, use 'DevelopingSomething'. This type can be used for 'development' or 'evolution' of ideas or processes. This is mostly for organisms developing attributes or objects, but can be used for inorganic object such as a metal developing a tarnish or a layer of rust. For biological 'evolution' use the sibling type 'BiologicalEvolution'. NOTE that this sense suggests that the thing developing becomes more advanced, more complicated, or better in some way. For the more general notion of a gradual change that is not necessarily to the better (it could be no better or worse), use 'Evolution'. This includes verb senses 10 and 14 of 'develop' and noun sense 2 of 'development' in Wordnet: WN noun 'development': 2. (175) development, evolution - (a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); 'the development of his ideas took many years'; 'the evolution of Greek civilization'; 'the slow development of her skill as a writer') WN verb 'develop': 10. (4) develop - (grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment; 'A flower developed on the branch'; 'The country developed into a mighty superpower'; 'The embryo develops into a fetus'; 'This situation has developed over a long time') 14. (1) develop, grow - (grow emotionally or mature; 'The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten'; 'When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior')
Super-classes	Evolution^c Arising^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Evolving^c mayBeCausedBy^op value DevelopingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Immunization^c OutgrowingClothes^c GettingSick^c BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c GettingaFeeling^c DevelopmentOfTheUniverse^c Progressing^c EconomicDevelopmentEvent^c ThrivingEvent^c GrowingSomething^c
In domain of	hasThingAcquired^op

DevelopmentOfTheUniverse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevelopmentOfTheUniverse`
Description	The ''DevelopmentOfTheUniverse'' is the execution of an one of the theories about how our Universe (the''RealWorld'') began and developed to our current time.
Super-classes	Development^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value OriginOfTheUniverse^c isaTopicOf^op value Cosmology^c

DevelopmentProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevelopmentProcess`
Description	A ''DevelopmentProcess'' is the general concept of ''DevelopingSomething'' performed in a ''Stepwise'' manner, in different phases or stages. This is the Transitive actual process of causing something to develop, not a procedure or plan or protocol for development of something. Development can be natural, as in development of an embryo, or a human activity, such as development of a language or culture. This is an intransitive sense of something undergoing development. For the transitive sense, use 'DevelopingSomething'; for the Event of something developing, use 'Development'.
Super-classes	DevelopingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stepwise^c

Developmental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Developmental

Description

Pertaining to 'Gestation' and any other kind of 'development' - see subtypes of ''Development'' and other types labeled 'development' for examples. Lots of them.

       Mostly used for biological development.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'developmental' in WordNet:
         1. (4) developmental - (of or relating to or constituting development; 
            'developmental psychology')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DevelopmentalAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevelopmentalAttributeValue`
Description	Attributes that indicate the stage of development of some PhysicalObject: a LifeForm (usually an Organism), or an ArtifactObject. For specifically biological development attributes, use 'BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute'
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute^c

Developmentally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Developmentally

Description

''Developmentally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to characterize them as being interpreted with respect to ''Development'.

            Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'developmentally' in Wordnet:
              1. developmentally - (with respect to development; 'developmentally retarded')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Deviation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Deviation`
Description	A ''Deviation'' is a single change from some normal or expected value of some property of an Object or System. This can be a subEvent of a ''Varying'' or ''Fluctating'' Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deviation' in WordNet: 1. (3) deviation, divergence, departure, difference - (a variation that deviates from the standard or norm; 'the deviation from the mean')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op some AttributeValueChange^c isaSubEventOf^op some VaryingEvent^c

Device^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Device`
Description	A Device is an ArtifactObject designed to perform some action, or assist performing some action either using some internal mechanism, or merely by virtue of certain properties, such as shape and hardness. Device is very general, and includes simple things like hammers and candles. As with other artifacts, Devices are classified by the purpose that they are intended to serve, and only in some cases secondarily by physical characteristics. NOTE: somewhat nonintuitively, even things created by animals can be 'Devices', such as a 'SpiderWeb'; likewise, things that are not movable, such as a hole in the ground (a well or a trap) can be a 'Device'. A Device is distinguished from certain other ArtifactObjects such as art objects, which do not perform a function directly, but only via mediation by a mental process. Note also that every device has an owner, even if the owner has abandoned it, or is an animal. COSMO NOte: in an earlier version of Cyc this is called 'PhysicalDevice': NOTE that CYC includes art works in 'Device', but that is not the COSMO usage. OPENCYC 1 'PhysicalDevice': MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$PhysicalDevice is an artifact with a relatively rigid, set shape, designed for a specific use or to perform a specific function. Specializations of #$PhysicalDevice thus include (among others) #$RoadVehicle, #$Motorboat, #$HandTool, and #$PlumbingFixture. Note that artifacts which can only be 'used' in a very loose or metaphorical sense, such as instances of #$Sculpture, #$FlowerBed, or #$Advertisement-IBT, are _not_ instances of #$PhysicalDevice. Moreover, artifacts which have a specific use or function, but which do not have a relatively rigid, set shape are _not_ instances of #$PhysicalDevice; for this reason, neither #$GasolineFuel nor #$AntiFreeze are specializations of #$PhysicalDevice. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'device' in WordNet (it is unclear whether WordNet includes art works): in WordNet: 1. (38) device - (an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose; 'the device is small enough to wear on your wrist'; 'a device intended to conserve water')
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c Implement^c FunctionalObject^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c enablesOrAssists^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	ExerciseDevice^c Inhaler^c SinglePurposeDevice^c GrasperArm^c BaseballEquipment^c Barricade^c Igniter^c RemoteControlDevice^c Crutch^c Train-TransportationDevice^c MedicalDevice^c SensoryEnhancementDevice^c Device-UserControlled^c Reflector^c Mechanism^c NonComputationalDevice^c Copier^c Lever^c Condenser^c Cross-TortureDevice^c Tool^c EnergyStorageDevice^c VehiclePart^c Device-Unlocked^c Atomizer^c TransmittingDevice^c ShackleBond^c SnowShoe^c GradingMachine^c Equipment^c WritingDevice^c Dreamcatcher^c WindSurfboard^c PersonalDevice^c DentalAppliance^c CleaningDevice^c MaterialTransporter^c RugbyBall^c Pendulum^c CommunicationDevice^c Applicator^c Wire^c PhysicalRestraint^c ThreadedDevice^c Attachment^c MeasuringDevice^c Spool^c Mesh^c FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c ComputerHardwareComponent^c DrillingRig^c Reinforcement^c ContraceptiveDevice^c Bridle^c ComputationalDevice^c CutoffValve^c DisabilityAidEquipment^c IndicatorDevice^c FlySwatter^c CentralProcessingUnit^c TrapDevice^c FootballBall-American^c MechanicalDevice^c PowerTransmittingDevice^c SensorDevice^c ConductorDevice^c Buoy^c AnimalFeeder^c BowlingBall^c SportsImplement^c GenericVane^c DeviceKey^c ControlDevice^c ComputerNetworkConnection^c ProddingDevice^c Utensil^c Blower^c Well^c FarmDevice^c Airbrush^c EntertainmentDevice^c Keyboard-Generic^c Appliance^c NavigationDevice^c Pacifier^c Whistle^c HoldingDevice^c AcousticDevice^c MusicEquipment^c Leash^c PlumbingFixture^c SecurityDevice^c WindPoweredDevice^c Gadget^c Sail^c PoliceRoadblock^c Processor^c PingPongBall^c BreathingDevice^c OpticalDevice^c Anchor^c Game-EquipmentSet^c AssemblyOfParts^c Backgammon-Piece^c LightFixture^c ReflectingTelescope^c PoweredDevice^c Bait^c SportsEquipment^c Recliner^c EarPiece^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c Pawl^c Coupler^c EngineeringComponent^c WorkingHead^c InformationRecordingDevice^c Walker^c Cane^c Eraser^c Connector^c Device-SingleUser^c DisplayDevice^c LightAperture^c SoccerBall^c Thimble^c Iron-Appliance^c ArtificialBodyPart^c Orthotic^c Device-OneTimeUse^c Instrument^c BasketballBall^c Shaft^c CombustionDevice^c Tent^c HornInstrumentValve^c SignalingDevice^c GrippingJaw^c GolfBall^c MilitaryEquipment^c NonPoweredDevice^c TennisBall^c RecreationalObject^c SprayingDevice^c Sharpener^c Flail^c Stirrup^c Holder^c TransportationDevice^c
In domain of	isCarriedOn^op

Device-OneTimeUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Device-OneTimeUse`
Description	CYC: The collection #$Device-OneTimeUse is a subset of #$PhysicalDevice. Each element of #$Device-OneTimeUse is a device which is intended to be used only once in its primary or intended function. In many cases, it will be impossible to use the device again because of some effect of its use which destroys its ability to perform its function. In some cases, it may be physically possible to use the device again, but normally it wouldn't be re-used. Examples include instances of #$HandGrenade and #$Condom. For stuff-like products that are 'used up', see #$ConsumableProduct.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Device^c
Sub-classes	Bandage^c PostageStamp^c ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice^c ExplosiveDevice^c Match-FireStarter^c Condom^c Fuse^c CottonBall^c Cigarette^c Depressor^c ProjectileWeapon-Fired^c

Device-SingleUser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Device-SingleUser`
Description	$Device-SingleUser is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Device-SingleUser is a device that typically has exactly one (i.e., one and only one) user who is the only individual who derives the value of its single function at a single time. A screwdriver (an instance of #$Screwdriver) is a #$Device-SingleUser, but a grand piano (an instance of #$GrandPiano) is not. A borderline non-example is a multiple-passenger car - although only one person operates it, several can use it at once, i.e. derive the value of its primary function (transportation). So a multiple-passenger car is not a #$Device-SingleUser. A borderline example is a telephone -- although it requires two or more users (each on telephones) for meaningful use, each phone generally has just one user at a time. So a telephone is a #$Device-SingleUser, but a telephone-circuit is not.
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	HandHeldObject^c Treadmill^c MagnifyingGlass^c Drumstick^c Eyepiece^c BowForStringInstrument^c Discus^c Monocular^c Binoculars^c WearableItem^c Microscope^c WindInstrument-Musical^c WindSurfboard^c FreeWeight^c StringInstrument^c Surfboard^c Whip^c Frisbee^c Telescope^c SmallArm-Weapon^c ObjectInUse^c HandTool^c

Device-Unlocked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Device-Unlocked`
Description	The state of being unlocked. As a #$LockedState, this refers to the state of a locking device. As a #$SecurityAttribute, this refers to the state of an object that may have a lock, such as a house, car, or bicycle. In this sense, #$Unlocked is a kind of #$OpenAccess.
Super-classes	Device^c UnlockedObject^c

Device-UserControlled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Device-UserControlled`
Description	$Device-UserControlled is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Device-UserControlled is an artifact which is normally controlled by its user while serving its intended function(s). The artifact may be guided during part or all of its operation, and the user may guide it by hand or some other means of interaction. #$Tool is an important specialization of this collection, and further examples of #$Device-UserControlled include instances of the collections #$PomPom, #$Van, #$Spoon, and #$ToiletPaper. This collection does not include those devices which merely require some user intervention to get started or to be set up, e.g., instances of #$SofaBed, #$Holster, or #$LightBulbIncandescent. #$ManualCarWindow and #$AutomaticCarWindow are also not included, since they do not require user guidance while performing their main task (keeping out the wind), although they can be adjusted by the user.
Super-classes	Device^c HumanScaleObject^c
Sub-classes	Match-FireStarter^c Forklift^c Unicycle^c MusicalInstrument^c Towel^c Tiller^c Whip^c WaterPistol^c SteeringDevice^c Spear^c Tricycle^c GamePiece^c Tool^c Wand^c Wheelbarrow^c WindSurfboard^c Camera^c Napkin^c Surfboard^c CottonBall^c Rudder^c HandleBar^c HorseCarriage^c Scooter^c Toboggan^c Frisbee^c SteeringWheel^c BabyCarriage^c Wheelchair^c Kite^c Glider^c ConductorsBaton^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c SkateBoard^c Kayak^c Baton^c Helm^c Discus^c Bicycle^c

Device-UserPowered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Device-UserPowered`
Description	A specialization of #$MusclePoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Device-UserPowered is an artifact deliberately designed to perform a particular function, and one which depends upon the physical efforts of the user to perform that function in part or in whole. A paradigm example would be a bicycle. However, the definition also leaves room for some counterintuitive cases - for example, combs and forks also qualify as user-powered devices. Borderline cases would be devices which require effort on the part of the user to perform part of the function, but not all of it. For example, many gas-powered lawnmowers have to be pushed by hand, but use an internal combustion engine to impart the necessary velocity to the cutting surfaces.
Super-classes	HumanPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	SpinningWheel^c Toboggan^c BabyCarriage^c SkateBoard^c Forceps^c Rowboat^c Knife^c ObstetricalForceps^c Oar^c Kayak^c BowForStringInstrument^c Boomerang^c Tweezers^c Discus^c Bicycle^c Pedal^c PrimitiveWeapon^c Rattle^c Unicycle^c Axe^c RacingBoat^c Towel^c Rickshaw^c Tongs^c Whip^c WaterPistol^c Scissors^c Scooter^c Tricycle^c GamePiece^c Pliers^c Canoe^c SqueezeTube^c Crowbar^c ShakerDispenser^c Wheelbarrow^c Frisbee^c SimpleTool^c Fan-HandHeld^c Napkin^c SmokingDevice^c Punt^c ShoppingCart^c

DeviceDial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceDial`
Description	A ''DeviceDial'' is a ''ControlDevice'' that is shaped like a small thickened disk (not long enough to qualify as a cylinder), about marble-sized or a little larger, attached to a larger device by small rod, designed to allow control of some function of the whole device, such as receiver frequency or sound volume on a radio or TV, `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dial' in WordNet: 2. dial - (the control on a radio or television set that is used for tuning)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Disk^c ControlDevice^c
Restrictions	controls^op value ElectricalDevice^c

DeviceGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceGroup`
Description	Each ''DeviceGroup'' is a set of ''Device''s that are used for some related function(s). This includes a 'toolkit' and home''Furnishings'' as well as any set of articles having a related use together. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instrumentation' in WordNet: 1. (3) instrumentality, instrumentation - (an artifact (or system of artifacts) that is instrumental in accomplishing some end)`
Super-classes	SetOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (Device^c or DeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	Equipment^c Furnishings^c SpeakerSystem^c ElectronicSystem^c

DeviceKey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceKey`
Description	A ''DeviceKey'' is a part of a Device that can be 'pressed' with one finger to cause the Device to perform some Action. This includes ''PianoKey''and''KeyboardKey'' as subtypes. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'key' in WordNet: 15. key - (a lever that actuates a mechanism when depressed)`
Super-classes	Device^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value PressingWithaFinger^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Device^c
Sub-classes	KeyboardKey^c PianoKey^c

DeviceMode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceMode`
Description	A ''DeviceMode'' is one of two or more states of a ''Device'', particularly an 'ElectricalDevice' that responds differently to inputs depending on the ''DeviceMode'' in which it is operating. e..g 'airplane mode' for laptop computers. automatic versus manual mode The mode affects the 'FunctioningOfaDevice''. i.e. Device response to input = st of ''Stimulus'' DeviceResponse A computer may have many different 'DeviceMode''s - the response of a computer to input will depend on which programs (or apps) are running at the tie of ''Inputting''. See also subtypes of ''DeviceState'' (attribute values) that can be used to describe 'states' of a Device. RHW 'mode' sense 3: a designated condition or status, as for performing a task or responding to a problem: a machine in the automatic mode. Corresponds to noun sense of 'mode' in WordNet: 2. mode - (a particular functioning condition or arrangement; 'switched from keyboard to voice mode')
Super-classes	SystemCondition^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some Device^c hadThingAffected^op value DeviceResponse^c

DeviceOperator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceOperator`
Description	A 'DeviceOperator' is a person who is operating some Device that can be controlled by one or a few agents. This is very general and can apply to the role played in single 'Actions' or to one who does such actions as a profession. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'operator' in WordNet: 2. (9) operator, manipulator - (an agent that operates some apparatus or machine; 'the operator of the switchboard')`
Super-classes	UserRole^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	controls^op some (DeviceType^c or Device^c)
Sub-classes	Driver^c

DeviceResponse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceResponse`
Description	A ''DeviceResponse'' is one ''FunctioningOfaDevice'' that is taken by a Device in response to some ''Inputting'' Action. This is very general. The ''DeviceResponse'' of a manual typewriter to pressing a key may be to print a character on a piece of paper. Computer responses can be more complicated. This includes many subtypes: a detector responding to ambient conditions a manually operated device responding to some manipulation a functional device responding to manipulation or input an electronic device responding to signals over wire or wireless. A ''DeviceResponse'' may depend on the ''DeviceMode'' and the a ''DeviceResponse'' may be to change the ''DeviceMode''. The mode affects the 'FunctioningOfaDevice''. Thus this is a 'FunctioningOfaDevice'' that canaffect future 'FunctioningOfaDevice'' (e.g. by changing a ''DeviceMode'') ''mayBeAffectedBy'' change range/domain
Super-classes	FunctioningOfaDevice^c Responding^c PhysicalReaction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c) hadChangedEntity^op value FunctioningOfaDevice^c mayBeAffectedBy^op value DeviceMode^c wasaResponseToEvent^op some Inputting^c

DeviceState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceState`
Description	Each subtype of 'DeviceState' describes a 'state' that some Device may have. For ElectricalDevices, e.g., they may be 'PoweredOn' or 'PoweredOff'. `See also subtypes of ''DeviceMode'' (''PersistentState''s) that can be used to describe 'states' or 'modes' of a Device.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Charged^c PluggedIn^c Unplugged^c PoweredOn^c PoweredOff^c Discharged^c

DeviceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceType`
Description	DeviceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Devices and an argument restriction for various relations on specific types of Devices. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. NOTE that we allow instances of DeviceType to be considered as a type of agent.
Super-classes	AgentType^c ArtifactObjectType^c
Sub-classes	RifleType^c FastenerType^c ComputingDeviceType^c PropelleredDeviceType^c TransportationDeviceType^c MusicalInstrumentType^c MeasuringDeviceType^c MilitaryWeaponType^c CuttingDeviceType^c
In range of	usesDeviceType^op
Members	Forceps Appliance SpySatellite Spotlight ComputerDisplay ExerciseDevice Sprinkler AstronomicalSatellite Centrifuge Refrigerator Transformer-Electric MilitaryWeapon Spoke Rototiller Pulley Clamp HoseClamp FaxMachine MusicEquipment SportMallet Connection-Physical HouseholdAppliance LightAperture Resuscitator DrillingRig Internet TabKey Projector Leash TruckTractor ElectronicSystem LandMine FireAlarm Transducer Tachometer WeaponSystem IndicatorDevice Dispenser ElectricPowerGrid One-Armedbandit RotatingMechanism ElectroAcousticTransducer Cultivator AssemblyOfParts LightFixture Reflector Dashboard Rotor Device Shackle Braces DialUpConnectionToAComputerNetwork Cooktop-Device TransportablePlatform WiringSystem NonComputationalDevice HandHeldObject Tricycle SpaceHeater SpeakerDevice BatteringRam BoobyTrap Instrument Copier SimpleMachine Intranet Spyglass Thermostat AlarmDevice DisplayScreen OpticalInstrument Screwdriver SlideProjector MilitaryHardware Crowbar Pawl LongHandledTool MilitaryEquipment ShackleBond RocketEngine PipeWrench Dryer ComputerNetworkConnection PencilSharpener Walker Carburetor Bullet Mine-Weapon Airliner Equipment Hurdle Paddle-Water HeatingChamber OrnamentalClasp Iron-Appliance RegulatorDevice BurrBit WindSurfboard CommunicationsSatellite C-Clamp Hammerhead Endoscope VehicleTransmisson VacuumCleaner Firebox Oven ControlledEnvironment Pendulum ElectricalGenerator Applicator Diode Barricade Loom ImageScanner Surfboard KeyboardKey TapeCassette PhysicalRestraint StrikingPartOfTool Monoplane Switchboard Dehumidifier Tongs LacrosseRacquet SignalingDevice Synchrotron DeviceDial StereophonicSpeakerSystem SmokingPipe Teleprompter Jukebox SprayGun PoliceRoadblock Humidifier AudioSystem TextileMachine HairRoller Bait MediaPlayingDevice Phonograph OralThermometer AnimalControlDevice Stylus NavalMine Flywheel Muffler SlotMachine Reinforcement Airplane BirdFeeder Respirator Hemostat Stapler Bong-Pipe TouchSensitiveDisplay Bridle ExtensionTelephone ArtificialSatellite PickAxe ParkingMeter Plow CutoffValve SkateBoard Handcuff HandTool Pallet Telephone Recliner ControlButton PrompterDevice BazookaShell FlySwatter Speedometer CentralProcessingUnit WorkingHead Router Ram-Device SnowBoard ObstetricalForceps Igniter LollipopStick Wrench MedicalThermometer Frisbee VideoCassette MedicalInstrument PianoKeyboard MicrowaveOven CurlingStone DeviceKey ArtificialBiosphere GrindingMachine IceChest HairDrier Apparatus Tweezers Maser RefractingTelescope CameraShutter SpeakerSystem Discus CurrentConverter SewingNeedle CurrentAdapter Mirror ArtilleryShell ChargedBattery PortalCatch WeatherSatellite Transistor InternalCombustionPoweredDevice Hasp Dishwasher FarmDevice Vise Alternator Airbrush VideoDisplayDevice Backhoe Harrow MalletHead Hookah Windsock Pedal AutomobileBattery BomberPlane Rheostat TennisRacquet SemiconductorDevice HornInstrumentValve PaddleWheelPaddle CropHeader Rattle Atomizer DentistsDrill Sphygmomanometer FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice Orbiter Firearm ElectronicDisplayDevice Still Capacitor Gauge Gadget Pager Simulator DrillBit Anvil ParticleAccelerator SnowBlower BreathingDevice Opener OpticalDevice PropellerBlade WheelPedal Inhaler ElectricalDevice DentalAppliance FreeWeight Altimeter Gyroscope Battery JigDevice FasteningTool FarmTractor DigitalDisplay BarCodeScanner SpinningWheel GardeningTool Drill iPod Snorkel Kiln BrakeSystem KnittingNeedle Furnishings WaterTap Biplane SignalDisplayDevice Crutch XerographicCopier DeviceWithNoMovingParts Hinge AutoPart ScientificInstrument Spur ATMMachine TorqueWrench MobilePlatform Streetlight ShrapnelShell Warplane Cane PlanetariumProjector MachineTool Buzzer HydraulicBrake Mechanism SurgicalInstrument Pitfall AcupunctureNeedle SolarCell CrochetingNeedle U-ShapedClasp Tap PistonChamber Treadmill Pliers PianoKey AstronomicalTelescope SolarPanel Stethoscope Condenser Headlight MagnetArtifact AdjustableWrench Manger WashingMachine PressureGauge SnowShovel Airlock MechanicalAutoPart Faucet VehicleBrake FootballBall-American FarmMachine Dimmer VendingMachine MechanicalDevice PowerTransmittingDevice Swab PowerTool Chains Mop ComputerMonitor Automaton Telescope AnimalFeeder Funnel GrippingTool Reaper Unicycle WirelessCommunicationDevice Processor Amplifier ControlDevice ToasterOven Dreamcatcher BicyclePedal ElectricalFuse WoodworkingTool ProddingDevice ManufacturingMachine ReflectingTelescope Forge Blower ClockFace BottleOpener CigaretteLighter Odometer Reins Sharpener ClothesDryer Flail Toaster LawnMower Clasp MonkeyWrench Cyclotron Furnace Stirrup Camera Pacifier

DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceWithNoMovingParts`
Description	''DeviceWithNoMovingParts'' is a CYC concept with no gloss. Self-explanatory?
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	Board^c Nail^c Pincushion^c Rod^c Pad^c ScouringPad^c Cushion^c Crowbar^c PaperObject^c Post^c ShowerCurtain^c Spike^c Brick^c Link^c HairRoller^c WallBoard^c ArrowHead^c TextileArtifact^c FlatPlate^c Window^c Balloon^c Billboard^c PieceOfPlasticFilm^c Milestone^c Stick^c Anvil^c Peg^c GoalPost^c WindowPane^c Pin^c Needle^c Axe^c FloorCovering^c

Devil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Devil`
Description	An evil spirit. This is the whole type of devils, not just the supreme devil called 'Satan', who is an instance of this type (see ''Satan'') `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'devil' in Wordnet: 2. (5) devil, fiend, demon, daemon, daimon - (one of the evil spirits of traditional Jewish and Christian belief)`
Super-classes	Spirit^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Evil^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satan

DevisedStructuredActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevisedStructuredActivity`
Description	A specialization of #$DevisedPracticeOrWork. Each instance of #$DevisedStructuredActivity is an abstraction of a largely rule-governed activity involving rules for some form of physical activity (whether or not including a large component of mental activity), even as mild as moving the pieces ona a chess board. Major specializations of this collection include #$Game and #$Sport - instances of these collections are abstractions of activities that are obviously rule-governed. `Purely mental exercises such as rules for memorizing or arithmetic operations are not subtypes of this category.`
Super-classes	Specification^c
Sub-classes	Storyboard^c Sport^c Game^c StoryProgram^c DanceSpecification^c ExerciseProgram^c

DevoidOfLife^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DevoidOfLife

Description

''DevoidOfLife'' is a subattribute of ''Lifeless'' characterizing places that have no living organisms of any kind in it. This can usually be applied only to OuterSpace locations or extreme environments such as inside a Star or inside the core of Planet.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'lifeless' in Wordnet:
         4. lifeless - (not having the capacity to support life; 'a lifeless planet')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Devoted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Devoted

Description

''Devoted'' is the attribute of someone experiencing a deep sense of ''Love'' for a Person.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'devoted' in Wordnet:
           1. (6) devoted - (zealous in devotion or affection; 
             'a devoted husband and father'; 'devoted friends')

Super-classes Loving^c

Devotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Devotion`
Description	''Devotion'' is a deep Feeling of ''Love'' applicable only to People and implying that the agent doing the loving would significantly more than effort to please or help the Person loved, more than for an average ''Love'' feeling (whatever that might be). This is not for 'devotion' to a job or activity or cause. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'devotion' in WordNet: 1. (2) devotion, devotedness - (feelings of ardent love; 'their devotion to each other was beautiful')`
Super-classes	LovingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op some Devoted^c hasObjectOfState^op some Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Lover^c

Devouring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Devouring`
Description	''Devouring'' is an EatingEvent that is performed more quicky and in larger amounts than the average ''EatingEvent''. `Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'devour' in WordNet: 3. devour, down, consume, go through - (eat immoderately; 'Some people can down a pound of meat in the course of one meal') 4. devour, guttle, raven, pig - (eat greedily; 'he devoured three sandwiches') WN verb 'wolf down': 1. wolf, wolf down - (eat hastily; 'The teenager wolfed down the pizza')`
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

Dew^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dew

Description

COSMO note: This is a substance, not an individual quantity of dew, and is in a film shape. A single drop of dew is an object, not the substance 'Dew', and consists of water. The sheet of dew on a windowpane is an object that consists of Dew (which means that is consists of water in a particular shape).

      Cyc: The water residue that one finds coating things
        outdoors in the morning.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dew' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) dew - (water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight
              from water vapor in the air;
           'in the morning the grass was wet with dew')

Super-classes LiquidSubstance^c
Residue^c
Water-Fresh^c

Dexterity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dexterity`
Description	''Dexterity'' is a state in which the Person who is the subject (a ''Person'') of that state is ''Dexterous'' in performing actions, especially with the hands. `This can have different levels or degrees, not yet represented. #$Dexterity is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions in which the performer's hands move accurately, quickly, and with economy of motion. Here is an example of the constant in use: (#$skillLevel #$JimiHendrix #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument #$performedBy #$Dexterity #$VeryHigh)). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dexterity' in WordNet: 1. dexterity, manual dexterity, sleight - (adroitness in using the hands)`
Super-classes	Adroitness^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value Person^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Dexterous^c

Dexterous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dexterous

Description

'Dexterous' is an attribute of people who are better than average at manipulating objects with the hands.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dexterous' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) deft, dexterous, dextrous - (skillful in physical movements;
           especially of the hands; 'a deft waiter'; 'deft fingers massaged her face'; 
           'dexterous of hand and inventive of mind')

Super-classes Skillful^c
Skilled^c

Dexterously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dexterously

Description

This ''Dexterously'' is an AdverbialModifier similar to ''Deftly'', but more specifically characteriing Actions performed with the Hands.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dexterously' in WordNet:
         1. (1) dexterously, dextrously, deftly - (with dexterity; in a dexterous manner;
              'dextrously he untied the knots')

Super-classes Deftly^c

Dextrose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dextrose

Description

A carbohydrate with one ring, which is one of the two parts of common table sugar. This is the common dextrorotary form of ''GLucose''

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dextrose' in WordNet:
         1. dextrose, dextroglucose, grape sugar - (an isomer of glucose 
           that is found  in honey and sweet fruits)

Super-classes Glucose^c

Diabetes^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diabetes

Description

''Diabetes'' is a ''GeneticDisease'' . that causes increased urine production, and in some cases poorly regulated blood sugar levels.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diabetes' in WordNet:
        1. (1) diabetes - (any of several metabolic disorders marked by
           excessive urination and persistent thirst)

Super-classes AnimalDisease^c
MetabolicDisorder^c

Diabetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diabetic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diabetic' in Wordnet: 1. diabetic - (of or relating to or causing diabetes) 2. diabetic - (suffering from diabetes)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

DiabeticPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiabeticPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diabetic' in WordNet: 1. (2) diabetic - (someone who has diabetes)`
Super-classes	SickPerson^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isTheSubjectOfState^op value Diabetes^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Diabetes^c characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent^op value Diabetes^c

DiacriticalMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiacriticalMark`
Description	A 'DiacriticalMark' is a mark added to a letter of the alphabet to modify its pronunciation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diacritical mark' in WordNet: 1. diacritical mark, diacritic - (a mark added to a letter to indicate a special pronunciation)`
Super-classes	TextMarking^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyAbove^op value PhysicalCharacter^c
Sub-classes	Breve^c

Diagnosing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diagnosing`
Description	CYC: A collection of processes; a subset of #$Evaluating. Each element of #$Diagnosing is an activity in which an agent figures out what is wrong with something. After a successful diagnosing, the performer has specific information about a discrepancy between the current state of the thing being diagnosed and the description it is supposed to match. Diagnosing may be accomplished only by observing,but it often involves some form of testing, so that EventType is reated to this type by the 'mayHaveSubEvent' relation. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'diagnose' in Wordnet: 1. (4) diagnose, name - (determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis) 2. (1) diagnose - (subject to a medical analysis) WN noun 'diagnosis': 1. (4) diagnosis, diagnosing - (identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon)
Super-classes	AnalyzingSomething^c Recognizing^c Evaluating^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value TestingEvent^c
Sub-classes	MedicalDiagnosis^c Troubleshooting^c

Diagnostic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diagnostic

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diagnostic' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) diagnostic - (concerned with diagnosis; used for furthering diagnosis;
             'a diagnostic clinic'; 'a diagnostic reading test'; 'diagnostic information')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DiagnosticProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiagnosticProcedure`
Description	A ''DiagnosticProcedure'' is a 'Procedure' designed to detect and categorize any ''AilmentCondition'' in an Animal,usually a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diagnostic procedure' in WordNet: 1. diagnostic procedure, diagnostic technique - (a procedure followed in making a medical diagnosis)`
Super-classes	Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value Diagnosing^c enablesOrAssists^op value Diagnosing^c

Diagonal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diagonal

Description

''Diagonal'' is an attribute of lines that are not parallel or perpendicular relative to some reference line.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diagonal' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) diagonal - (at an angle; especially connecting two nonadjacent corners 
              of a plane figure or any two corners of a solid that are not in the same face; 
              'a diagonal line across the page')

Super-classes OrientationMeasure^c

Diagram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diagram`
Description	Each 'Diagram' is an abstract drawing that represents multiple entities and the relations among them. The entities may be Objects such as PhysicalObjects, and the relations may be spatial, or the entities may be states or Events, and the relations may be temporal or causal. The kinds of things that can be represented by a Diagram are diverse, but all of them must fit into the category of a 'Specification' (which see). The restriction requires that the 'Specification' represented by explicitly specified. Each 'Diagram' will have some kind of physical representation, but in the initial stages that representation may only be in someone's brain - and that will still qualify as a 'Diagram'. NOTE that each Diagram has some GroupOfLines as a part, and may or may not have a Physical representation. (NOTE that each MentalObject must have a physical representation but we do not require that in this case as an integrity constraint.) @ToDo: this may be best represented as an abstract representation of a specification rather than a Specification.?? (no comment for 'Diagram' in OpenCyc) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diagram' in WordNet: 1. (6) diagram - (a drawing intended to explain how something works; a drawing showing the relation between the parts)
Super-classes	VisualArtifact-CW^c AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only LineDrawing^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some Specification^c hasPart^op some GroupOfLines^c
Sub-classes	UMLdiagram^c

DialTelephone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DialTelephone

Description

CYC: A collection of telephones. Each dial telephone has a rotary dial instead of a touch tone keypad for entering the number the user wishes to call.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dial telephone' in WordNet:
          1. dial telephone, dial phone - (a telephone with a dial
             for registering the number to be called)

Super-classes Telephone^c

DialUpConnectionToAComputerNetwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DialUpConnectionToAComputerNetwork`
Description
Super-classes	ComputerNetworkConnection^c

Dialect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dialect`
Description	NOTE: 'accent' as used here in the WN gloss is covered by type ''Accent''. The term 'accent' is omitted here, until examples can be found that indicate its use differently from ''Accent'' (a variation in pronunciation); perhaps 'accents' is the intended synonm? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dialect' in WordNet: 1. (6) dialect, idiom, accent - (the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people; 'the immigrants spoke an odd dialect of English'; 'he has a strong German accent'; 'it has been said that a language is a dialect with an army and navy')`
Super-classes	NaturalLanguage^c
Restrictions	uses^op value NonStandardSpeech^c

Dialectic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dialectic

Description

''Dialectic'' is a branch of ''Philosophy'' concerned with reasoning.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dialectic' in WordNet:
          1. (4) dialectic - (any formal system of reasoning that arrives at the truth
             by the exchange of logical arguments)

Super-classes Philosophy^c

Dialectical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dialectical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dialectical' in Wordnet: 1. dialectic, dialectical - (of or relating to or employing dialectic; 'the dialectical method')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

DialingaTelephone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DialingaTelephone

Description

''DialingaTelephone'' is a subtype of 'ControllingSomething' in which the thing controlled is a ''Telephone'' and the function performed is to make a telephone call. This can be done on a rotary dial or a number pad, or by pressing the screen on a 'smart phone', or on a computer screen.

    NOTE: the gloss of sense 2 (included below) mentions a telephone, but dialing
    a telephone is explicitly represented in sense 1.  Sense 2 should be a parent type,
       which could include dialing a channel on a radio or TV or other device..

    Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dial' in WordNet:
      1. (3) dial - (operate a dial to select a telephone number; 
           'You must take the receiver off the hook before you dial')
     2. dial - (choose by means of a dial; 'dial a telephone number')

Super-classes ControllingSomething^c

Dialogue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dialogue`
Description	Each ''Dialogue'' is a ''Discussion'' between two Persons. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dialogue' in WordNet: 1. (3) dialogue, dialog, duologue - (a conversation between two persons)`
Super-classes	Discussion^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Couple^c

Diameter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diameter`
Description	NOTE that this is for a circle or two-dimensional figures or cross-sections approximating a circle, so that a ''Diameter'' is both a ''Length'' and a ''Width'', which should have approximately the same (for real-world objects) or identical values. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diameter' in WordNet: 1. (32) diameter, diam - (the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference)`
Super-classes	Width^c Length^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value Circle^c
Sub-classes	WireGauge^c Caliber^c

Diamond^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diamond`
Description	A piece of gem-quality Diamond, faceted for use in jewelry. For diamond objects not gem quality, use objects consisting of DiamondSubstance. This is one of the 'Precious' stone types. NOTE that every ''Diamond'' is a ''PersonalPossession'' that is owned by some agent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diamond' in WordNet: 1. (3) diamond - - (a transparent piece of diamond that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem)`
Super-classes	Gemstone^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value DiamondSubstance^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cullinan_I_Diamond http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diamond1ct0735

Diamond-TheCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diamond-TheCard`
Description	This is the subcollection of #$PlayingCard that contains all of the cards which are diamonds. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'diamond' in WordNet: 3. diamond - - (a playing card in the minor suit that has one or more red rhombuses on it; 'he led a small diamond'; 'diamonds were trumps')`
Super-classes	PlayingCard^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Diamonds^c

DiamondShape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiamondShape`
Description	A ''DiamondShape'' is a parallelogram that is not necessarily equilateral and is oriented with two of the points up and down. This is also called a ''lozenge' in typesetting. `More complex 2-D diamond shapes with five sides are not yet represented RHW 'diamond': 8. an equilateral quadrilateral, esp. as placed with its diagonals vertical and horizontal; a lozenge or rhombus. None of those terms are in WN in this sense.`
Super-classes	Parallelogram^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 4^c

DiamondSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiamondSubstance`
Description	Diamond the substance. For Diamond the clear sparkling object, use 'Diamond'. `NOTE: The CYC entry is for an object made of this ''DiamondSubstance''. CYC has no representation of this kind of substance. SUMO: Crystalline Carbon that is valued as a gem and used in industrial applications. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'diamond' in WordNet: 2. (2) diamond, adamant - (very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem)`
Super-classes	GemStuff^c BrittleSubstance^c Carbon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c

Diamonds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diamonds`
Description	''Spades'' is one of the four subtypes of ''CardSuit''.
Super-classes	CardSuit^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Diamond-TheCard^c

Diaper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diaper

Description

Can also be worn by incontinent adults.

      'nappy' is British usage.
      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diaper' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) diaper, nappy, napkin - (garment consisting of a folded cloth drawn up between 
           the legs and fastened at the waist; worn by infants to catch excrement)

Super-classes Underwear^c

Diarrhea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diarrhea

Description

CYC: Abnormally frequent or liquid bowel movements.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diarrhea' in Wordnet:
         1. (9) diarrhea, diarrhoea, looseness of the bowels, looseness - 
         (frequent and watery bowel movements; can be a symptom of infection 
         or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor)

Super-classes AilmentCondition^c

Diary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diary`
Description	A ''Narrative'' of Events in the life of one Person, composed by that Person on a periodical basis, ideally at least once every day. This is the abstract 'Diary', which may be recorded in one or more physical books. As an abstract work, everyone can 'read' 'The Diary of Anne Frank' without traveling to Europe. `CYC 'Diary' is the hard copy, this is the abstract Diary. The collection of diaries - journals of personal happenings, usually kept private or shared only among intimate friends, until you're dead. Then, if you're famous, it becomes public knowledge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diary' in WordNet: 1. (3) diary, journal - (a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations)`
Super-classes	Narrative^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Real^c

Diary-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diary-Physical`
Description	Each ''Diary-Physical'' is a ''Notebook'' that starts with many blank pages, which are filled with a PhysicalRepresentation of a ''Diary'', a record of activites or experiences of a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'diary' in WordNet: 2. diary - (a personal journal (as a physical object))`
Super-classes	Notebook^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WritingByHand^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Diary^c

Diaspora^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diaspora`
Description	This ''Diaspora'' comprise the ''Jews'' descended from the Israelites who were forced out of Palestine in 586 BC and never returned to Israel. `A more general type of 'migrants' could be added for any group whose ancestors left their original homeland. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diaspora' in WordNet: 1. diaspora - (the body of Jews (or Jewish communities) outside Palestine or modern Israel)`
Super-classes	Majority^c BodyOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isTheMajorityOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jews^c

Diatom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diatom

Description

''Diatom''s can have aesthetically pleasing shapes, viewable under a microscope.: From Wikipedia: Diatoms have two distinct shapes: a few (centric diatoms) are radially symmetric, while most (pennate diatoms) are broadly bilaterally symmetric. A unique feature of diatom anatomy is that they are surrounded by a cell wall made of silica (hydrated silicon dioxide), called a frustule.

       And more from Wikipedia:
         Diatoms are a major group of algae, specifically microalgae, found 
           in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world. Living diatoms 
           number in the trillions: they generate about 20 percent of the oxygen 
           produced on the planet each year, take in over 6.7 billion metric tons 
           of silicon each year from the waters in which they live, and 
           contribute nearly half of the organic material found in the oceans.
           The shells of dead diatoms can reach as much as a half mile deep on 
           the ocean floor, and the entire Amazon basin is fertilized annually
           by 27 million tons of diatom shell dust transported by east-to-west 
           (easterly) transatlantic winds from the bed of a dried up lake
           once covering much of the African Sahara.

       RHW: any of numerous microscopic, unicellular, marine or freshwater algae
          of the phylum Chrysophyta, having cell walls containing silica.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diatom' in WordNet:
         1. (1) diatom - (microscopic unicellular marine or freshwater colonial
             alga having cell walls impregnated with silica)

Super-classes Alga^c

Diazepam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diazepam`
Description	''Diazepam'' is a chemical compound which is used as a sedative. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diazepam' in WordNet: 1. diazepam, Valium - (a tranquilizer (trade name Valium) used to relieve anxiety and relax muscles; acts by enhancing the inhibitory actions of the neurotransmitter GABA; can also be used as an anticonvulsant drug in cases of nerve agent poisoning)`
Super-classes	Sedative^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Anxiety^c isUsedToTreat^op value AnxietyDisorder^c

DiceGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiceGame`
Description	A game that is played solely with a ''PairOfDice'', throwing the dice on a surface, and receiving a ''GameScore' that is the the sum of values of the number of dots (1 to 6) on the top surface of each of the two dice. `RHW 'dice': 3. any of various games, esp. gambling games, played by shaking and throwing from two to six dice or poker dice onto a flat surface. Cf. craps. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dice' in WordNet: 2. dice - (play dice)`
Super-classes	GameEvent^c
Restrictions	uses^op value PairOfDice^c requiresResource^op value PairOfDice^c

DiceThrowScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiceThrowScore`
Description	A ''DiceThrowScore'' is an individual 'GameScore' in the game of ''Craps'', being the sum of the number of dots on the top surface of each of the two dice of the ''PairOfDice'' thrown in one throw of the dice. In ''Craps'', a ''DiceThrowScore'' of two (''SnakeEyes'') or twelve (''Boxcars'') is an automatic loss, and a ''DiceThrowScore'' of seven is a win. Any other score requires additional throws to determine if the player wins or loses.
Super-classes	GameScore^c
Restrictions	hasRepresentation^op value PositiveInteger^c
Sub-classes	Boxcars^c SnakeEyes^c

Dichotomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dichotomy`
Description	A ''Dichotomy'' is a ''Classification'' in which there are only two first-level ''Type''s (categories), not counting any possible subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dichotomy' in WordNet: 1. dichotomy, duality - (being twofold; a classification into two opposed parts or subclasses; "the dichotomy between eastern and western culture")`
Super-classes	Classification^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

DicingaFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DicingaFoodObject`
Description	''DicingaFoodObject'' is the Action of cutting some solid food object into small cubes, less than 2 cm wide. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dice' in WordNet: 1. cube, dice - (cut into cubes; "cube the cheese")`
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value CubeShapedObject^c

DicotSubclass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DicotSubclass`
Description	One of the two subclasses in the angiosperm class. Includes taxa whose members usually have two cotyledons in the embryo phase, may have a cambium, and usually have broad leaves with branching veins. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dicot' in WordNet: 1. dicot, dicotyledon, magnoliopsid, exogen - (flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside)`
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c
Sub-classes	LicoricePlant^c LegumeOrder^c LettucePlant^c PepperOrder^c TeaOrder^c FlaxPlant^c OliveOrder^c AsterPlant^c GourdOrder^c MagnoliaOrder^c HeathOrder^c NettleOrder^c BeechOrder^c GeraniumOrder^c BegoniaOrder^c WaterLily^c CabbagePlant^c LaurelOrder^c CentrospermaeOrder^c CottonPlant^c BirchOrder^c Verbena^c SpinachPlant^c MallowOrder^c

Dictation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dictation`
Description	''Dictation'' is a ''Speaking'' Event in which one person Speaks something to another, and the listener writes (or types) what is spoken, to record it in writing. In a business context the listener is often a secretary or a 'stenographer' but that latter occupation has become uncommon with electronic devices that can perform much of the same function. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dictate' in WordNet: 2. (1) dictate - (say out loud for the purpose of recording; 'He dictated a report to his secretary') WN noun 'dictation': 2. dictation - (speech intended for reproduction in writing)`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some Exclamation^c

Dictator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dictator`
Description	A 'Dictator'' is both ''HeadOfState'' and ''HeadOfGovernment'' and rules like an ''Authoritarian''. A ''Dictator'' typically is 'above the law' in having ''ImmunityFromLegalPunishment''. `See ''"Totalitarianism'' form of Government - Specification Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dictator' in WordNet: 2. dictator, potentate - (a ruler who is unconstrained by law)`
Super-classes	HeadOfState^c Authoritarian^c HeadOfGovernment^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Oppressing^c performsAction^op value ImmunityFromLegalPunishment^c
Sub-classes	Tyrant^c

Dictionary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dictionary

Description

A list of the words in a language and their meanings. A dictionary may also include information on grammatical properties, pronunciations, and usage of words (or terms).

    Cyc: The collection of all dictionaries: works that
        contain information about words and their definitions.

    WOrdnet noun sense 1: 
       NOTE: WordNet does not distinguish between the physical
       book and the abstract content.  This sense is the abstract
        content.
     in WordNet:
       1. (52) dictionary, lexicon - (a reference book containing
         an alphabetical list of words with information about them)

Super-classes KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c
ReferenceWork^c
IndexedInformationSource^c

DictionaryDefinition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DictionaryDefinition`
Description	A 'DictionaryDefinition' is a Definition using ordinary human language describing the meaning of some word or short phrase. It is typically part of a Dictionary, but one can have a 'DictionaryDefinition' that stands alone, or in a glossary. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'definition' in WordNet: 1. (13) definition - (a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol)`
Super-classes	Definition^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (Word^c or Phrase^c) isTypicallyaPartOf^op value Dictionary^c

DidNotHappenEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DidNotHappenEvent`
Description	A 'DidNotHappenEvent' is an Event in which some Event that might have occured, or nearly occurred, did not in fact occur. One type of such an Event is 'Failing'; another is 'Missing' (e.g. missing a target). `This type of Event can occur naturally, but most subtypes are some form of inaction by an Agent, which is itself a type of ''Action''. ''Inaction'' itself is intentional inaction, so the subtypes of this type that are Actions but unintentional will not be subtypes of ''Inaction''`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op some (EventType^c or Event^c)
Sub-classes	Loitering^c SkippingOverSomething^c LingeringAction^c Nonattendance^c KeepingaSecret^c Inaction^c Failure^c FailingToCollide^c MissingAnAppointment^c
In domain of	hasEventNotOccurring^op

Die-GamePiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Die-GamePiece`
Description	One of small cubical objects marked with one to six dots on each face, usually used as a pair of dice in craps or many other games of chance. `WordNet conflates the individual 'die' and the pair; see ''PairOfDice''for the pair. @ToDo: represent the six 'faces'. With their spots. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'die' in WordNet: 1. (6) dice, die - (small cubes with 1 to 6 spots on the faces; used to generate random numbers)`
Super-classes	GamePiece^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Cube^c

DiedInaFiction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiedInaFiction`
Description	The attribute 'DiedInaFiction' specifies that an Animal (including people) was alive at the beginning of the period recounted in a work of fiction, but died before the ending. The work of fiction can be a series, and the character may survive any number of installments before being killed off; if the context specified is that series, such a character can have the vitality attribute 'DiedInaFiction'.
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c

DieselEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DieselEngine`
Description	SUMO: DieselEngine is the subclass of InternalCombustionEngines that use DieselFuel as their resource. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diesel engine' in WordNet: 1. diesel, diesel engine, diesel motor - (an internal-combustion engine that burns heavy oil)`
Super-classes	InternalCombustionEngine^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value DieselFuel^c

DieselFuel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DieselFuel

Description

A PhysicalSubstance consisting of medium-boiling linear or branch-chained Hydrocarbons, suitable for use as fuel in engines that inject fueldirectly into an engine cylinder, as in Diesel engines.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diesel oil' in WordNet:
      1. diesel oil, diesel fuel - (a heavy mineral oil used as fuel in diesel engines)

Super-classes VehicleFuel^c
Hydrocarbons^c
PetroleumProduct-Refined^c
ArtificialSubstance^c
LiquidSubstance^c

DieselLocomotive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DieselLocomotive`
Description	`NOTE the term 'diesel' may be used as a shortened form, as in RHW 'diesel': 4. a vehicle powered by a diesel engine Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diesel locomotive' in WordNet: 1. diesel locomotive - (a locomotive driven by a diesel engine)`
Super-classes	RailroadTrainEngine^c
Restrictions	uses^op value DieselEngine^c consumesSubstance^op value DieselFuel^c hasComponentPart^op value DieselEngine^c

DietCoke^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DietCoke

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of the sugarless version of The Real Thing.

        diet Coke

Super-classes DietSoftDrink^c
CocaCola^c

DietSoftDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DietSoftDrink`
Description	Sugar free (usually) soda pop.
Super-classes	SugarFreeEdibleStuff^c SodaPop^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SugarFree^c isUsedInAction^op value DietingForWeightLoss^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Low-Calorie^c
Sub-classes	DietCoke^c

Dietary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dietary

Description

''Dietary'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Dieting'' and to ''ConsumingFoodOrDrink'' in general.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dietary' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) dietary, dietetic, dietetical - (of or relating to the diet; 'dietary restrictions')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DietaryDeficiencyCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DietaryDeficiencyCondition`
Description	CYC: The collection of physiological conditions brought on by consuming less of a nutrient than the body requires.
Super-classes	Malnutrition^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value Nutrient^c
Sub-classes	Goiter^c Scurvy^c

Dieting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dieting`
Description	This is the purposeful directing of one's food intake for a particular purpose, not necessarily weight loss. Dieting could include eating in order to reduce salt intake, or increase muscle, not necessarily to reduce calories or fat. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'diet' in Wordnet: 1. diet - (follow a regimen or a diet, as for health reasons; 'He has high blood pressure and must stick to a low-salt diet') 2. diet - (eat sparingly, for health reasons or to lose weight)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c CulturalThing^c SingleDoerAction^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	DietingForWeightLoss^c

DietingForWeightLoss^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DietingForWeightLoss

Description

Dieting is an activity that spans days, weeks, or months, in which the type of food and drink consumed is healthier and/or the amount is smaller. Disciplined form of eating in which the eater carefully controls what is eaten.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dieting' in WordNet:
          1. diet, dieting - (the act of restricting your food intake (or your intake of particular foods))

Super-classes Dieting^c

Difference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Difference`
Description	A Difference is an AttributeValue of a ''LinearlyOrderedPair'' of entities, which is represented as a ''LinearlyOrderedPair'' of AttributeValues that differ between those entities, with the ordering of the Attributes being the same as the ordering of the pair being compared. The entities being compared may consist of the diachronically same entity at different times (the entities may be instances of TimeSlice). The differences of the elements of the OrderedPair being compared are specified by instantiating a ''Difference'' with the AttributeValues that are different specified for each element in order (''hasFirstElement'', 'hasSecondElement'') The relation ''hasAttributeType'' can be used to point to the general type of attribute (Length, Color, Weight) in which the differing elements differ. In that case, only the values of the Attributes need be specified as the two elements of the Difference. Alternatively, if the values of the differing attributes are clear without using an AttributeType, the two elements can be specified without use of the ''hasAttributeType'' in the instantiated difference. NOTE that this 'Difference' can be qualitative, not just quantitative, as this general concept cannot be expressed as a single number. When the difference is a single number rerpresenting the quantitative difference of commensurate quantities, that difference can be specified by using a ''QuantitativeDifference'' as the type of difference intended. See ''QuantitativeDifference'' for further discussion. See also 'AttributeComparison' for a similar type that can express differences, but with additional flexibility. The Difference is formally an Attribute, and therefore each Difference must specify the AttributeType (Color, Length) within which the comparison is being made. The value of the Difference is contained within an OrderedPair of Attributes, but may be expressed differently depending on whether the values being compared are quantitative and commensurate. A Difference in commensurate QuantitativeAttributeValues can be expressed linguistically as a single QuantitativeAttributeValue of the same dimension ('they differ by six inches in height'). NOTE that, as an Attribute, it would be possible to specify the value using a 'hasValue' relation; following the representation chosen here, that AttributeValue should be an OrderedPair of the two AttributeValues being compared. However, for convenience, this layer of indirection is not represented, and the two components of the AttributeValue are specified directly by making the Difference itself an OrderedPair, and using the 'hasFirstElement' and 'hasSecondElement' relations to identify the two components of the value. IF this proves confusing or logically problematic, it can be changed back to a representation consistent with other Attribute representations. (v0.50, rev 679) For differences between commensurable quantitative attributes, the difference between pair {a, b} will be attr(a) - attr(b) (the attribute value of first element minus the second). NOTE this would require a function in an FOL version. @ToDo: add the function. This would be an instance of 'BinaryFunction'. For qualitative attributes or relations, the Difference consists of a group of one or more paired AttributeValues, one pair for each type of AttributeValue or Relation for which the value differs. Linguistically a qualitative difference can be expressed thus: if, for the pair {a, b} if a is red and b is blue, one may say 'a is red but b is blue'. NOTE that in order to be considered as a 'Difference' the pairs of AttributeValues constituting each difference must consist of AttributeValues that are disjoint from each other, which in general means that they must be of identical or commensurate AttributeType. To say that 'A is 5 feet long and Y is red' does not specify a legitimate Difference between X and Y. The AttributeValues that differ must shape a common AttributeType, and that AttributeType must be specified using the 'hasAttributeType' relation on each instance of 'Difference'.. If there are no attribute values or relations that differ, the two entities might actually be identical - but if they have different locations, two entities will not be mathematically (logically) identical even if the locations are not specified in the description of the entities. The problem in deciding identity from a list of differences is that one never knows that all properties of two entities are known to be compared. Quantum mechanical issues create additional complications in comparisons at the subatomic level. A difference is one or more pairs of Attributes, qualitative or quantitative, that is derived as the result of a comparison process between one or more attributes of two entities, or between that attribute of a single entity after some period of time, as after an Event. A comparison process may also result in a partially complementary list of similarities (see 'Similarity'). There is no exact WordNet concept that expresses this meaning, but this is closest to WordNet sense 1 of 'difference: WN: the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 'there are many differences between jazz and rock' WN-N04692996: sense 1 of 'difference' in WN 2.1. In the case of wordnet sense 1, it appears that this is intended to represent an overall difference, which could be a set of differences between two entities.There is, however, no other sense of 'difference' in WordNet that is more general, so this sense is assigned the most general 'difference' A common-sense problem arises when we classify a difference as merely an attribute which expresses the result of 'subtracting' one attribute value from another. If there is no difference, this result constitutes both a difference (value = 0) and a similarity (i.e. no difference). This is counterintuitive, from a linguistic point of view. Accordingly, though logically a 'similarity' could be classified as merely a 'small difference', the term 'similarity' will not be arranged as a subtype of 'Difference', but directly under 'AttributeValue', as is 'Difference'. To 'compare and contrast' two entities, both the similarities and the differences might be listed. This corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'difference' in WordNet: 1. (77) difference - (the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 'there are many differences between jazz and rock')
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c LinearlyOrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeType^op only AttributeTypeType^c
Sub-classes	Discrepancy^c AgeValue^c ResultOfaChange^c Deficit^c LifeSpan^c Change^c NowTillDeadline^c DifferenceInSocialStates^c QuantitativeDifference^c Advantage^c Disadvantage^c
In range of	subjectsHaveDifference^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChangeFromColorlessToRed

DifferenceInSocialStates^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifferenceInSocialStates`
Description	Each ''DifferenceInSocialStates'' specifies the ''Disparity'' between two specific ''GroupOfPeople''s, specifying the ''SocialState'' of each. `NOTE: if the ''SocialState''s referenced are quantitative measures such as average income, the ''Difference'' can be represented as a ''QuantitativeDifference'' (which see).`
Super-classes	Difference^c LinearlyOrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some SocialState^c hasSecondElement^op some SocialState^c

DifferenceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifferenceType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Difference as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	IncreaseType^c
Members	Afterlife Discrepancy TemperatureIncrease AgeValue Damage DifferenceInSocialStates FoodPreparationChange Disadvantage AttributeValueChange LifeSpan Change Improvement Distinction Difference ColorChange BudgetDeficit LeadInaCompetition NowTillDeadline WageIncrease Adjustment QuantitativeDifference Contrast Advantage Drawback Privilege CookingChange Deficit Detriment DisorderingChange Increase AttributeTypeChange

DifferenceValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifferenceValue`
Description	A 'DifferenceValue' is a QuantitativeAttributeValue for any AttributeType for which the corresponding AttributeValue can be experssed as a pair (quantifier, UnitOfMeasure). This can be used to specify the exact magnitude of the difference between two commensurate AttributeValues expressed in the same units of measure. `This corresponds most closely to part of noun sense 1 of 'difference' in WordNet (see also 'Difference'): in WordNet: 1. (77) difference - (the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 'there are many differences between jazz and rock')`
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Leeway^c

Different^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Different`
Description	'Different' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some Group (often a Pair) of entities. This should be interpreted as meaning that the two (or more) entities are not identical (are not the same individual), and the same notion can be represented by linking the two entities by an 'owl:differentFrom' relation. `This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 5 of 'different' in WordNet: 5. (1) different - (distinct or separate; 'each interviewed different members of the community')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Separate^c Divers^c Various^c Contrasting^c Another^c Disparate^c Divergent^c

Differential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Differential

Description

''Differential'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to some kind of ''Difference'', which may be a difference in behavior toward different types of things such as people or groups of people.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'differential' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) differential - (relating to or showing a difference; "differential treatment")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DifferentialEquation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifferentialEquation`
Description	A DifferentialEquation is an Equation in which at least one of the related terms contains a derivative. @ToDo: derivatives have not yet (v 0.50) been represented in COSMO. `Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'differential equation' in WordNet: 1. (7) differential equation - (an equation containing differentials of a function)`
Super-classes	Equation^c
Sub-classes	DifferentialTimeEquation^c

DifferentialTimeEquation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifferentialTimeEquation`
Description	An DifferentialTimeEquation is an Equation in which at least one of the related terms contains some derivative. with respect to time. @ToDo: derivatives have not yet (v 0.50) been represented in COSMO.
Super-classes	TimeIndexedAssertion^c DifferentialEquation^c

Differentiation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Differentiation

Description

''Differentiation'' is a ''MathematicalProcedure'' by which some 'derivative' (first, second, etc.) can be found.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'differentiation' in WordNet:
          2. (1) differentiation - (the mathematical process of obtaining the derivative of a function)

Super-classes MathematicalProcedure^c

Difficult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Difficult`
Description	An AttributeValue of Actions that are not EasyToDo or easy to endure for the average adult. For 'difficult' physically use subtype ''Arduous'' Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'difficult' and sese 1 of 'hard' in WordNet: 1. (65) difficult, hard - - (not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; 'a difficult task'; 'nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access'; 'difficult times'; 'a difficult child'; 'found himself in a difficult situation'; 'why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?') 2. (1) difficult - (requiring much effort and trouble; 'the mountain climb was long, steep, and difficult')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	MostDifficult^c Uphillish^c VeryStrong^c

DifficultGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifficultGoal`
Description	A ''DifficultGoal'' is a ''GoalSituation'' that requires considerable effort to achieve, and may be long-term.
Super-classes	GoalSituation^c Result^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c

DifficultSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifficultSituation`
Description	Any situation (PersistentState) in which an Agent has , some non-trivial problem to solve. In general, this type should be used for situations where there is no guarantee that the problem will be solved, and that not solving the problem will be a bad thing for the Agent. This situation is itself a bad thing because of the difficulty and the actual or potential negative outcome. This type does not yet represent the notion of levels or degrees of difficulty. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'difficulty' in WordNet: 3. (11) difficulty - (a condition or state of affairs almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome; 'grappling with financial difficulties')`
Super-classes	BadThing^c PersonalCircumstances^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bad^c
Sub-classes	Predicament^c Misfortune^c

DifficultTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifficultTask`
Description	A ''DifficultTask'' is a ''Task'' is relatively difficult, i.e. not EasyToDo for most people. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tall order' in WordNet: 1. tall order, large order - (a formidable task or requirement; 'finishing in time was a tall order but we did it')
Super-classes	Task^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c

DifficultToUnderstand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifficultToUnderstand`
Description	An attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are even more difficult to understand than one that is ''Unclear''. .This is an EvaluativeAttribute because texts that are incomprehensible to some people may be easy for others to understand, and there are different degrees of incomprehensibility. Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'mysterious' in WordNet, but does not include the sense of 'the inscrutable workings of Providence' which is represented by 'Mysterious'; also includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'incomprehensible in WN (sense 1 is a deeper level of incomprehensibility than sense 2); and includes sense 1 of 'cryptic' in WordNet: WN 'mysterious' 1. (14) cryptic, cryptical, deep, inscrutable, mysterious, mystifying - (of an obscure nature; 'the new insurance policy is written without cryptic or mysterious terms'; 'a deep dark secret'; 'the inscrutable workings of Providence'; 'in its mysterious past it encompasses all the dim origins of life'- Rachel Carson; 'rituals totally mystifying to visitors from other lands') WN 'incomprehensible: 1. (1) inexplicable, incomprehensible - (incapable of being explained or accounted for; 'inexplicable errors'; 'left the house at three in the morning for inexplicable reasons') 2. (1) incomprehensible, uncomprehensible - (difficult to understand; 'the most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible'- A. Einstein) WN 'cryptic' 1. (2) cryptic, cryptical, deep, inscrutable, mysterious, mystifying - (of an obscure nature; 'the new insurance policy is written without cryptic or mysterious terms'; 'a deep dark secret'; 'the inscrutable workings of Providence'; 'in its mysterious past it encompasses all the dim origins of life'- Rachel Carson; 'rituals totally mystifying to visitors from other lands') WN adj 'obscure': 1. (4) obscure, vague - (not clearly understood or expressed; 'an obscure turn of phrase'; 'an impulse to go off and fight certain obscure battles of his own spirit'-Anatole Broyard; 'their descriptions of human behavior become vague, dull, and unclear'- P.A.Sorokin; 'vague...forms of speech...have so long passed for mysteries of science'- John Locke)
Super-classes	Unclear^c
Sub-classes	Ambiguous^c Abstruse^c Esoteric^c Arcane^c Enigmatic^c Implicit^c

Difficulty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Difficulty`
Description	Each 'Difficulty' is an 'ExertingEffort' Action that requires more than average 'ExertingEffort' - such that it comes close to the limit of ability of the one performing the Action. Such actions have the quality of being 'Difficult'. This will often be used as a type in addition to another Action verb, and may be expressed linguistically as 'with effort' or 'with difficulty'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'difficulty' in WordNet: 1. (18) trouble, difficulty - (an effort that is inconvenient; 'I went to a lot of trouble'; 'he won without any trouble'; 'had difficulty walking'; 'finished the test only with great difficulty')`
Super-classes	ExertingEffort^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c

Diffusing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diffusing`
Description	COSMO note: This type includes both transitive events in which something is scattered by an agent, as well as inrtansitive events, in which some substance or substance-like material (a quantity of granular material) diffuses by its own internal mechanism (motile bacteria, Brownian motion) troughout some region or some PhysicalObject (as in the diffusion of pathogens inside an organism). This is physical diffusion of objects or substances, or sound waves not for diffusion of information. See subtype 'scattering stuff' for an Action in which an agent diffuses some stuff. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'diffuse' and noun sense 1 and 4 of 'diffusion' in WordNet: 1. (1) diffuse, spread, spread out, fan out - (move outward; 'The soldiers fanned out') WN noun 'diffusion': 1. (9) diffusion - ((physics) the process of diffusing; the intermingling of molecules in gases and liquids as a result of random thermal agitation) 4. dispersion, dispersal, dissemination, diffusion - (the act of dispersing or diffusing something; 'the dispersion of the troops'; 'the diffusion of knowledge')
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationProcess^c Translation-MultiTrajectory^c
Sub-classes	DispersionOfStuff^c ScatteringObjects^c Permeating^c Disseminating^c SpreadingOfaPathogen^c

DigestionEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigestionEvent

Description

A specialization of #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent and #$TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure. Each instance of #$DigestionEvent is a process in which a single animal converts food into substances that can be assimilated by the body. This collection should not be confused with #$DigestingInStomach, each instance of which occurs only in an instance of #$Stomach; an instance of #$DigestionEvent spans the whole #$DigestiveSystem, from start to finish.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'digest' in WordNet:
          1. (1) digest - (convert food into absorbable substances; 'I cannot digest milk products')
        WN noun 'dgestion':
          2. digestion - (the organic process by which food is converted into substances
              that can be absorbed into the body)

Super-classes BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c
BiologicalDecompositionEvent^c
BiologicalProductionEvent^c

Digestive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Digestive

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'digestive' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) digestive - (relating to or having the power to cause or promote digestion;
             'digestive juices'; 'a digestive enzyme'; 'digestive ferment')

Super-classes Unrealistic^c

DigestiveJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigestiveJuice`
Description	''DigestiveJuice'' is a ''Succus' (a juice) that is secreted to aid digestion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'digestive juice' in WordNet: 1. digestive juice, digestive fluid - (secretions that aid digestion)`
Super-classes	Succus^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value DigestionEvent^c
Sub-classes	Bile^c

DigestiveSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigestiveSystem`
Description	A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart and #$ConnectedPathSystem. Each instance of #$DigestiveSystem is a system of organs and other body parts which work together to accomplish the digestion function (see #$DigestionEvent). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'digestive system' in WordNet: 1. digestive system, gastrointestinal system, systema alimentarium, systema digestorium - (the system that makes food absorbable into the body)`
Super-classes	PipingSystem-Generic^c AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value AlimentaryCanal^c

DiggingAHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiggingAHole`
Description	COSMO note: for digging holes in the ground. Cyc: A collection of events. In each #$DiggingAHole, one or more agents (usually #$Animals) removes material from some substrate (such as the soil), so that a hole is formed. If the digger is a person, tools or heavy equipment may be used; other organisms just use their claws, snouts, etc. A borderline case of this concept occurs when a plant's roots grow. Another borderline case occurs when an animal finds an existing hole and enlarges it. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dig' in WordNet: 2. (5) dig, dig out - (create by digging; 'dig a hole'; 'dig out a channel')
Super-classes	DiggingInTheGround^c
Restrictions	produced^op value HoleInTheGround^c
Sub-classes	ArchaeologicalDigging^c

DiggingInTheGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiggingInTheGround`
Description	Digging any shaped cavity in the ground, including furrows and holes. Includes intransitive and transitive senses. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'dig' and part of noun sense 1 of 'digging' (including small digs) in WordNet: 1. (9) dig, delve, cut into, turn over - (turn up, loosen, or remove earth; 'Dig we must'; "turn over the soil for aeration") 2. (5) dig, dig out - (create by digging; 'dig a hole'; 'dig out a channel') WN noun 'digging': 1. excavation, digging, dig - (the act of digging; 'there's an interesting excavation going on near Princeton')`
Super-classes	ConveyingMaterials^c PhysicalCreationEvent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Ground^c produced^op value HoleInTheGround^c
Sub-classes	DiggingAHole^c DiggingaTrench^c Excavating^c

DiggingaMilitaryTrench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiggingaMilitaryTrench`
Description	''DiggingaMilitaryTrench'' is a ''DiggingaTrench'' performed by soldiers in a combat area, usually at or near the front lines. Cyc: 'Digging-Trench': #$Digging-Trench is an instance of #$MilitaryEventType-Fundamental and a specialization of #$MilitaryEvent and #$DiggingAHole. Each instance of #$Digging-Trench involves a military unit digging a #$Trench, which would protect and hide friendly troops from the enemy. Unlike a mere hole, a trench is long, narrow, and usually steep-sided. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'entrench' in WordNet: 3. entrench, dig in - (occupy a trench or secured area; 'The troops dug in for the night')
Super-classes	DiggingaTrench^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Soldier^c typicallyOccursAt^op value CombatZone^c

DiggingaTrench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiggingaTrench`
Description	COSMO note: Usage differs from CYC, where a 'trench' is a military 'trench' position. This COSMO type is a ''Diggingintheground'' where the result is not a ''HoleInTheGround'' that is deeper than it is wide, but a 'Trench' that is at least as wide as it is deep. The absolute size of the 'trench' can be small, such as a 8-inch trench for planting some plants, or very large such as the open-pit mines that can be a mile wide. The pupose need not be to create a ''Trench'' that will itself be useful, but could be just to move the soil to get access to the resources underneath. `The military trench-digging in a CombatZone is represented as the subtype ''DiggingaMilitaryTrench''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dig' in WordNet: 2. (5) dig, dig out - (create by digging; 'dig a hole'; 'dig out a channel')`
Super-classes	DiggingInTheGround^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Trench^c
Sub-classes	DiggingaMilitaryTrench^c PloughingaTrench^c

Digit-AnatomicalPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Digit-AnatomicalPart`
Description	A specialization of #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart. Present on each instance of a #$Bird, #$Bat-Mammal, or other #$Vertebrate. `SUMO (DigitAppendage) Any of the extremities of Limbs that are found in the higer Vertebrates and the Amphibians. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'digit' in WordNet: 3. digit, dactyl - (a finger or toe in human beings or corresponding body part in other vertebrates)`
Super-classes	Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Toe^c Finger^c

DigitAppendage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitAppendage`
Description	The SUMO equivalent of 'Digit-AnatomicalPart'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

DigitNail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitNail`
Description	Each 'DigitNail' is either a fingernail or a toenail. This sense of 'nail' should be used only if it is not clear whether a ''Fingernail'' or ''Toenail'' is intended. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nail' in WordNet: 1. (3) nail - (horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c Nail-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Toenail^c Fingernail^c

Digital^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Digital

Description

''Digital''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''DigitalComputer''s and its subtypes other devices that depend on some embeeded digital computational device, such as a ''DigitaCamera''.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'digital' in WordNet:
             1. (2) digital - (of a circuit or device that represents magnitudes in digits;
               'digital computer')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DigitalCamcorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalCamcorder`
Description	The class of digital cameras used to record moving images.
Super-classes	DigitalCamera^c

DigitalCamera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalCamera`
Description	An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory and a specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. Each instance of #$DigitalCamera is a #$Camera that records images using #$ComputerMemory rather than on (e.g.) #$PhotographicFilm. Specializations include #$StillCamera-Digital and #$DigitalCamcorder. `These days almost any DigitalCamera can capture video images as well as still images, so a'camcorder' should be reserved for those that only capture video images. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'digital camera' in WordNet: 1. digital camera - (a camera that encodes an image digitally and store it for later reproduction)`
Super-classes	DigitalDevice^c Camera^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value DigitalPhotograph^c
Sub-classes	StillCamera-Digital^c DigitalCamcorder^c

DigitalComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalComputer`
Description	COSMO: This is for electronic digital computers. Cyc: A specialization of #$ComputationalSystem, #$ElectronicDevice, and #$ComputerHardwareItem. Each instance of #$Computer is an electronic device that acts on input according to some set of instructions (often in the form of software - see #$ComputerProgram-CW) producing some output. Instances of #$Computer have specialized parts to handle input and output (sometimes peripherals like screens and keyboards, sometimes just input-output terminals on a chip), storage (internal memory and external storage such as disk drives), and reasoning (see #$CentralProcessingUnit). The more specialized collection #$PersonalComputer is the collection of the popular archetypes of what a computer is (e.g., desktop, laptop, and palm computers); however, instances of #$Computer are incorporated into many devices (e.g., cars, cameras, and VCRs). Hydraulic computers, analog computers, biological computers, etc. are not instances of this collection because #$Computer is a specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. For some reason, WN does not include 'computer' as a synonym,but that term is more frequently used than 'digital computer' - indeed, 'computer' usually assumes 'digital computer' (analog computer is a retronym?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'digital computer' in WordNet: 1. digital computer - (a computer that represents information by numerical (binary) digits)
Super-classes	Computer^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value CentralProcessingUnit^c
Sub-classes	SingleUserComputer^c MultipleUserComputer^c EmbeddedComputer^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternetServer001

DigitalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalDevice`
Description	A ''DigitalDevice'' is a Device whose operation depends at least in part on a DigitalComputer (which can be an ''EmbeddedComputer''). Automobiles with essential embedded computers are 'digital' by this definition, though they are also 'mechanical'
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Digital^c
Sub-classes	DigitalCamera^c iPod^c CamCorder^c

DigitalDisplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalDisplay`
Description	A 'DigitalDisplay' is a 'DisplayDevice' (usually a component of a larger device) that shows some quantity using numbers rather than the position of some indicator on a gauge, linear of circular or whatever. `This is not necessarily Electronic, as it could be a counter or a clock with a video dispay.`
Super-classes	DisplayDevice^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value NumericalCharacter^c isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Device^c

DigitalInformationBearingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalInformationBearingObject`
Description	An InformationBearingObject on which the information is encoded digitally, that is in binary form, not easily readable by humans and depends on machines. The digital form can be on paper, but that won't be easily readable by people either. All 'ComputerFile-Abstract's are instances. `@ToDo: need to represent the restriction that this is encoded in some digital format, not linguistic and alphabetic.`
Super-classes	DigitalInformationStore^c GenericLocation^c InformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only AbstractDigitalObject^c
Sub-classes	ComputerDiskDevice^c ComputerFile^c OpticalDisk^c

DigitalInformationStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalInformationStore`
Description	A 'DigitalInformationStore' is the PhysicalObject that contains digital information, whether in the memory chips of a computer, on hard disk, on CD-ROM, or in digitally encoded form in paper. This is distinguished from the AbstractDocument that is represented by such physical media, and is also distinguished from ordinary physical texts or documents written on some physical medium in a visually readable form in somme humaninterpretable symbols system, whether alohabetic or iconic..
Super-classes	InformationStore^c
Sub-classes	DigitalInformationBearingObject^c DigitalLetter^c

DigitalLetter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalLetter`
Description	A 'DigitalLetter' is a PhysicalObject containing the digitally encoded form of a Letter, which may be an email. Typically, only part of a piece of physical medium (memory chips, magnetic medium, CD) will be occupied by any one letter, and that physical object that contains the digital encoding will be the object represented by this instance. One will rarely be interested in such pieces of memory media, but this type is required to maintain the distinction between traditional readable alphabetically encoded letters, their abstract content, and the physical embodiment of digitally encoded letters, each of which has different properties. `Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'letter' in WordNet. but Wordnet does not distinguish the abstract and physical letters, so the word is ambiguous between the two senses in WordNet: 1. (475) letter, missive - (a written message addressed to a person or organization; 'mailed an indignant letter to the editor')`
Super-classes	DigitalInformationStore^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only AbstractLetter^c

DigitalPhotograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DigitalPhotograph`
Description	A 'CapturedImage' (an AbstractImage) that is represented as lines of pixels in some representation, usually in a computer or some digital storage medium.
Super-classes	CapturedImage^c

Dignified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dignified

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dignified' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) dignified - (having or expressing dignity;
               especially formality or stateliness in bearing or appearance;  'her dignified demeanor'; 
               'the director of the school was a dignified white-haired gentleman')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Dignity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dignity

Description

''Dignity' is a type of 'Pride'' that induces a person to behave so as to avoid anything that would appear unethical or improper.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dignity' in WordNet:
          1. (14) dignity, self-respect, self-esteem, self-regard, self-worth - 
          (the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect;
          'it was beneath his dignity to cheat'; 
          'showed his true dignity when under pressure')

Super-classes Pride^c

Digressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Digressing`
Description	''Digressing'' is a temporary ''ChangingaTopic'' that is a ''BecomingDiverted'' while communicating in Speaking or writing, when the speaker changes the topic temporarily in a manner that may cause the listener to lose the focus of the communication. This is a temporary `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'digress' in WordNet: 1. (1) digress, stray, divagate, wander - (lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking; 'She always digresses when telling a story'; 'her mind wanders'; 'Don't digress when you give a lecture')`
Super-classes	Communication^c ChangingaTopic^c BecomingDiverted^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some Topic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c

Dike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dike`
Description	CYC: structure restraining the spread of water, usually river or seawater. `NOTE this is not for controlling river water. See ''Levee''. This is for the 'dikes' that keep out water from the Sea. Similar structures are ''Dam'' to hold back a stream, and ''Levee'' to keep a Stream within its desired boundaries. NOTE: the WN synset includes 'dam' but that is represented separately under 'Dam''. Corresponds to part (''Dam'' is separate) of noun sense 2 of 'dike' in WordNet: 2. dam, dike, dyke - (a barrier constructed to contain the flow of water or to keep out the sea)`
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c InfrastructureProduct^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value OceanFlooding^c isAdjacentTo^op value Sea^c

Dilapidated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dilapidated

Description

''Dilapidated'' is a property of a ''Structure'' that has not had adequate repairs to structural deterioration or damage, due to lack of or improper maintenance ('MaintainingaBuildingMaintainingaBuilding'').

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dilapidated' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) bedraggled, broken-down, derelict, dilapidated, ramshackle, tatterdemalion, tumble-down -
             (in deplorable condition; 'a street of bedraggled tenements'; 'a broken-down fence'; 
             'a ramshackle old pier'; 'a tumble-down shack')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Damaged^c

Dilapidating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dilapidating`
Description	''Dilapidating'' is a transitive Action of causing some ''Structure'' (as small as fence or as large as a building complex) to become visibly worn or damaged or in disrepair, through some act or series of acts or simple neglect by one who has the resonsibiity for maintenance (''MaintainingAnObject''). NOTE that in this interpretation, the state of absence of something can be viewed as a genreric 'agent' that causes a result. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dilapidate' in Wordnet: 1. dilapidate - (bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin by neglect or misuse)`
Super-classes	InternalChange^c IncurringPhysicalDamage^c Action^c
Restrictions	caused^op some IncurringDamage^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Damaging^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Damaged^c

Dilating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dilating`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dilate' in WordNet: 1. (6) dilate, distend - (become wider; 'His pupils were dilated')`
Super-classes	Widening^c

Dilemma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dilemma`
Description	A ''Dilemma'' is a ''StateOfUncertainty'' that requires a choice between two courses of action, both having potential risks. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dilemma' in WordNet: 1. (9) dilemma, quandary - (state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options)`
Super-classes	StateOfUncertainty^c
Restrictions	demands^op some SelectingBetween^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Risky^c

Diligent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diligent`
Description	''Diligent' is a subtype of ''Persistent'' characterizing a Person or Action that not only persists in spite of difficulty, but continues with little or no interruption. `CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent marked by patiently persevering at carrying out tasks, especially with detail or exactness.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diligent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) diligent, persevering - (quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness; 'a diligent (or patient) worker'; 'with persevering (or patient) industry she revived the failing business')`
Super-classes	Persistent^c
Sub-classes	Studious^c

Diligently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diligently

Description

             Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'diligently' in Wordnet:
               1. diligently - (with diligence; in a diligent manner; 'we may diligently observe the Lord's supper 
                  on the first day of the week, diligently preach the gospel, or minister to the saint')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Diltiazem^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diltiazem

Description

A #$PharmaceuticalType which is a subcategory of #$CalciumChannelBlocker. Diltiazem is used in treating heart disease.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diltiazem' in WordNet:
          1. diltiazem, Cardizem - (a calcium blocker (trade name Cardizem) 
             used in treating hypertension or angina or heart failure)

Super-classes DrugProduct^c

Dilute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dilute

Description

An AttributeValue only of Mixtures, especially mixtures of liquids (Solutions) and mixtures of gases,in which one component (for liquids, the solvent) is dominent, as in aqueous solutions, or in a gas that is salient in some context, particularly the atmosphere.

      Thus certain substances in aqueous solutions or in the atmosphere 
        may be 'Concentrated'' or ''Dilute''  with respect to the dominant medium.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dilute' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) diluted, dilute - (reduced in strength or concentration or quality or purity; 
             'diluted alcohol'; 'a dilute solution'; 'dilute acetic acid')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Diluting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diluting`
Description	CYC: The collection of all mixing events of two or more stuff types in which the concentration of the focal ingredient on one of the inputs committed (considered the #$objectActedOn) is reduced without the resulting stuff becoming a significantly different (on a molecular level) type of stuff. `SUMO: Adding a Liquid to a Solution to decrease the concentration of the Solute. NOTE: the restriction probably should have as object something like 'concentration of substance'?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dilute' in Wordnet: 1. (9) dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut - (lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture; 'cut bourbon')`
Super-classes	LoweringaValue^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c Mixing^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op some ConcentrationMeasure^c

Dim^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dim

Description

Dim is an attribute of objects that are radiating visible light at a low intensity due to a low level of illumination:.

     Corresponds to adjective sense  of 'dim' and sense 2 of 'pale'
       in WordNet:
      WN 'dim'
       1. (4) dim, subdued - (lacking in light; not bright or harsh; 
          'a dim light beside the bed'; 'subdued lights and soft music')
      WN 'pale'
       2. (1) pale, pallid, wan, sick - ((of light) lacking in intensity or brightness;
          dim or feeble; 'the pale light of a half moon'; 'a pale sun'; 
          'the late afternoon light coming through the el tracks fell in pale oblongs on 
          the street'; 'a pallid sky'; 'the pale (or wan) stars'; 'the wan light of dawn')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DimSum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DimSum

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dim sum' in WordNet:
         1. dim sum - (traditional Chinese cuisine; a variety of foods 
             (including several kinds of steamed or fried dumplings) 
             are served successively in small portions)

Super-classes ChineseCuisine^c

DimWitted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DimWitted

Description

'''DimWitted'' is an attribute of a Person who has less than average intelligence.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dim-witted' in Wordnet:
        1. dim-witted, half-witted, simple, simple-minded -
            (lacking mental capacity and devoid of subtlety)

Super-classes Stupid^c

Dime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dime`
Description	A US coin that represents ten cents in US currency. CYC: 'DimeCoin-US': The US dime - ten cents, silvery, and, if minted after 1945, with FDR on it `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dime' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dime - (a United States coin worth one tenth of a dollar)`
Super-classes	Coin^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenCentsUS^c

Dimension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dimension`
Description	One of the fundamental directions which define a space, abstract or physical; a 'Dimension' provides a criterion by which to create a linear ordering of points, which may themselves be complex objects. This is an abstrac notion, of which the common Dimensions of SpaceTime (three spatial, one time) are subtypes. Each Dimension is an abstract part of a Space. A Dimension provides a means of linear ordering, but does not have to be metric - there does not have to be a defined distance between points within the Dimension. Corresponds approximately to the union of senses 1 (mathematical) and 5 (topology) of 'dimension' in RHW: 1.Math. a. a property of space; extension in a given direction: A straight line has one dimension, a parallelogram has two dimensions, and a parallelepiped has three dimensions. b. the generalization of this property to spaces with curvilinear extension, as the surface of a sphere. c. the generalization of this property to vector spaces and to Hilbert space. 5. Topology. a. a magnitude that, independently or in conjunction with other such magnitudes, serves to define the location of an element within a given set, as of a point on a line, an object in a space, or an event in space-time. Includes sense 3 and (a small) part of sense 2 of 'dimension' in WordNet; it is unclear whether the WordNet sense 2 is intended to include the sense of this type, but if not, it should in WordNet: 2. (5) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property') 3. (1) dimension - (one of three Cartesian coordinates that determine a position in space)
Super-classes	Region^c
Sub-classes	MetricDimension^c

DimensionOfCausality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DimensionOfCausality`
Description	'DimensionOfCausality' is a 'MetricDimension' that can be an abstract dimension, or in our space-time the TimeDimension; its special property is that some 'causality' (abstract or concrete) must work from the lower magnitutdes of the Dimesnion to the higher magnitudes. The TimeDimension of or SpaceTime is one subtype. This type is included in COSMO to allow an abstraction of the dimension of Time in our SpaceTime, so that onw can envision abstract processes that 'cause' things to happen in an abstract space. For example, one can have an abstract Cartesian space with geometric objects whose shape, oritentation, or position relative to other objects are caused to change by the action of other objects or events, or processes in that space - i.e. a 'virtual world'. The DimensionOfCausality in such an abstract world would be analogous to Time in our SpaceTime, where effects must necessarily follow causes.
Super-classes	MetricDimension^c
Sub-classes	TimeDimension^c

DimensionalLumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DimensionalLumber`
Description	''Lumber'' that has been cut and shaped into pieces suitable for use in construction is often referred to as ''DimensionalLumber'', meaning that it can be referred to by its dimensions, e.g. '2x4' (two by four), meaning beams of two inches by four inches with unspecified length.. NOTE: although 'lumber' is usually used to refer to shaped wood, for generality in COSMO ''Lumber'' will refer to a type of ''Wood'' suitable to be shaped into building, and this type ''DimensionalLumber'' represents the substance consisting of actual shaped beams. NOTE: because Lumber is dry enough not to lose its support capability when dried, it is classified as 'Dry', although the wood when first cut from a tree would not be. A log cut and put in place in a structure would not be an instance of ''Lumber'', but a ''Beam'' made of lumber. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lumber' in Wordnet: 1. (6) lumber, timber - (the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material)
Super-classes	Lumber^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dry^c
Sub-classes	Plywood^c

Dimensionality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dimensionality

Description

A property type of an Object, Region, or Space. NOTE: some objects such as abstract or mental objects may not have a meaningful dimensionality. Note that this is the attribute type, and the attribute values are represented as instances of DimensionalityValue.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dimensionality' in Wordnet:
        1. dimensionality - (the spatial property of having dimensions;
            'all matter has dimensionality')

Super-classes AttributeType^c

DimensionalityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DimensionalityValue`
Description	A property of an Object, Region, or Space. As with Cardinalities, it is often represented as a simple nonnegative integer, but in COSMO, being an AttributeValue, it is represented as an integer together with the 'UnitOfMeasure' 'dimensional'. Hence: (Every Point hasAttributeValue {0 dimensional})
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some RationalNumber^c hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dimensional^c
In range of	hasDimensionality^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DIM_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DIM_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DIM_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDimensional http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DIM_0 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOrTwoDimensional http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DIM_1

DimensionlessRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DimensionlessRatio`
Description	A DimensionlessRatio is a ratio of quantities in which the dimension of the numerator is the same as the dimension of the denominator, resulting in a dimensionless number. However, this type is for ratios of measures, and the resulting number is not a pure number, but a measure with the dimension 'dimensionless'. The Quantifier is a RationalNumber. `Each DimensionlessRatio can be labeled by using the 'RTO_' namespace prefix, and an underscore between the numerator and denominator; see 'RationalNumber' for more similar treatment of the labels for RationalNumbers. Thus a DimensionlessRatio of one-third could be labeled 'RTO_1_3'. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'quotient' in WordNet (difficult to distinguish): in WordNet: 1. quotient - (the ratio of two quantities to be divided) 2. quotient - (the number obtained by division)`
Super-classes	Ratio^c RatioQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dimensionless^c hasQuantifier^op some (RealNumber^c or QuantifierType^c)
Sub-classes	Proportion^c VolumeRatio^c PercentNumber^c WeightRatio^c Probability^c

Diminished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diminished`
Description	''Diminished'' is the Attribute of some BodyPart or body function that was ''Impaired'' by a 'diminishing' of some attribute with multiple degrees of magnitude or intensity. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diminished' in Wordnet: 1. (3) diminished, lessened, vitiated, weakened - (impaired by diminution)`
Super-classes	Impaired^c
Sub-classes	Atrophied^c

Diminishing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diminishing

Description

''Diminishing'' is a subAttribute of ''Decreasing'' characterizing Events in which quality or attribute is becoming smaller in some respect.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diminishing' in WordNet:
         1. (1) diminishing - (becoming smaller or less or appearing to do so;
             'diminishing returns'; 'his diminishing respect for her')

Super-classes Decreasing^c

DiminishingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiminishingEvent`
Description	A ''DiminishingEvent'' is a 'DecreaseEvent' in which something decreases in some measure of size, intensity, value, or other magnitude but without specifying whether an agent is causing the reduction; If there is an intentional effort by an agent specifically aimed at that result, use 'Reduction'. . This is an intransitive usage for 'dimishing' or 'decreasing;, with the subject doing the diminishing. For the transitive act of intentionally making something smaller, use ''Reduction''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'diminish' in WordNet: 1. (11) decrease, diminish, lessen, fall - (decrease in size, extent, or range; 'The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester'; 'The cabin pressure fell dramatically'; 'her weight fall to under a hundred pounds'; 'his voice fell to a whisper')`
Super-classes	IntransitiveEvent^c DecreaseEvent^c
Sub-classes	DwindlingEvent^c DeafeningAnAnimal^c Depreciation^c AbatingAction^c

Dimly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dimly

Description

''Dimly'' has some overlap with''Faintly'' but is more specific for perceptions.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dimly' in Wordnet:
           1. (10) dimly, indistinctly - (in a dim indistinct manner;
              'we perceived the change only dimly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Dimmer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dimmer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dimmer' in WordNet: 1. dimmer - (a rheostat that varies the current through an electric light in order to control the level of illumination)`
Super-classes	Rheostat^c
Restrictions	controls^op value Brightness^c controls^op value ElectricalLightingDevice^c

Dimple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dimple`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'dimple' in Wordnet: 3. dimple - (a small natural hollow in the cheek or chin; 'His dimple appeared whenever he smiled')
Super-classes	Concavity^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Skin^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Face^c

Diner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diner

Description

A ''Diner'' is an unpretentious small restaurant that usually has a counter where one can sit on a stool and be served and eat, but may also have separate tables or booths.

        CYC: A kind of generally less-expensive, no-frills restaurant.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'diner' in WordNet:
         3. diner - (a restaurant that resembles a dining car)

Super-classes RestaurantSpace^c

Ding-Dong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ding-Dong

Description

In WordNet this is considered a 'noise' but in COSMO a noise is unpleasant, so this would not be a subtype in COSMO.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ding-dong' in Wordnet:
          1. ding-dong - (the noise made by a bell)

Super-classes RingingSound^c

Dinghy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dinghy

Description

small one or two-person rowboat.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dinghy' in WordNet:
         . dinghy, dory, rowboat -
            (a small boat of shallow draft with cross thwarts for seats
            and rowlocks for oars with which it is propelled)

Super-classes Rowboat^c
ManufacturedGoods^c

Dining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dining`
Description	Dining is an Event of ''EatingaMeal'' performed only by people, and performed under circumstances where one (usually) sits at a table (can be on a mat, Japanese-style or on a rug,MiddleEast style) and takes time to enjoy the meal. Thus ''Dining'' is both a ''EatingaMeal'' and a ''SittingEvent'' (no table yet specified). One cannot 'Dine' while eating take-out in an automobile nor while eating a snack. Usually Dining is to eat the main meal for the day, but one can Dine more than once in a day. When performing ''Dining'' one must use some form of EatingUtensil, (if necessary, the fingers may be considered as an ''Eatingutensil''?? would need rework), which may later become 'decontaminated' by the process ''WashingDishes'' event. `NOTE: the transitive sense of hosting a dinner for another is a different sense. NOTE: ''Dining'' ''alwaysCauses'' ''Pleasure''if a Meal is not pleasurable, it will still be an instance of ''EatingaMeal'' but this type is for relaxed pleasurable meals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dine' in Wordnet: 1. (6) dine - (have supper; eat dinner; 'We often dine with friends in this restaurant') WN noun 'dining': 1. dining - (the act of eating dinner)`
Super-classes	EatingaMeal^c PleasuresOfTheFlesh^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hasSubEvent^op value SittingEvent^c enablesOrAssists^op value Nutrition^c alwaysCauses^op value Pleasure^c typicallyUsesDevice^op value EatingUtensil^c hadObjectModified^op some (EatingUtensil^c or ArtifactObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Feasting^c DiningAtHome^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CassidyDinner20080523

DiningAtHome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiningAtHome`
Description	''DiningAtHome''is a ''Dining'' in which some Agent(s) 'eat in', i.e. they eat some Meal at their own residence, as opposed to 'eating out'.
Super-classes	Dining^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Meal^c occursAt^op value Residence^c

DiningRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiningRoom`
Description	The room in a home or in a restaurant where people dine. This doesn't include kitchens right now. `SUMO: A Room intended primarily for Eating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dining room' in Wordnet: 1. (6) dining room, dining-room - (a room used for dining)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Dining^c

Dinner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dinner

Description

The specific set of food items eaten as the main meal of the day, usually in the evening. This is therefore a Role that the food plays. For the actual event if eating dinner, use 'EatingDinner'. 'dinner consisted of a piece of chicken and a potato'. For the Action, see 'EatingDinner'.

     Noun sense 1 of 'dinner' in WordNet seems to be the act of eating
     dinner.  This is ambiguous, and this is the sense of WordNet'
     'dinner' that will be taken here:
     in WordNet:
        1. (25) dinner - (the main meal of the day served in 
         the evening or at midday; 'dinner will be at 8';
         'on Sundays they had a large dinner when they returned from church')

Super-classes Meal^c

DinnerJacket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DinnerJacket`
Description	COSMO NOTE: WN uses 'dinnner jacket' as a synonym for the whole tuxdo, but here it is used only for the a generic formal jacket. The jacket component of a ''Tuxedo'' is represented by the subtype ''TuxedoJacket'.. `Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'dinner jacket' in WordNet: 1. dinner jacket, tux, tuxedo, black tie - (semiformal evening dress for men)`
Super-classes	MensClothing^c FormalWear^c Jacket^c
Sub-classes	TuxedoJacket^c

DinnerParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DinnerParty`
Description	A ''DinnerParty'' is a ''Party'' in which the host provides a ''Dinner'' for the guests. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dinner party' in WordNet: 1. (1) dinner, dinner party - (a party of people assembled to have dinner together; 'guests should never be late to a dinner party')`
Super-classes	Party^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Dining^c
Sub-classes	Banquet^c

DinnerTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DinnerTime`
Description	''DinnerTime'' is the name of the time interval in which a Person or GroupOfPeople customarily eat ''Dinner''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dinnertime' in WordNet: 1. (2) dinnertime, suppertime - (the customary or habitual hour for the evening meal)`
Super-classes	MealTime^c
Restrictions	commonlyHasEventType^op value EatingDinner^c

Dinosaur^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dinosaur

Description

From Wikipedia: Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, 231.4 million years ago, and were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for 135 million years, from the start of the Jurassic (about 200 million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous (66 million years ago), when the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of most dinosaur groups at the end of the Mesozoic Era. The fossil record indicates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from theropod ancestors during the Jurassic Period. Birds were the only dinosaurs to survive the extinction event that occurred 66 million years ago.

      CYC:  The collection of all dinosaurs, extinct (from the
        point of view of Now) reptile-like animals, some of which
        were huge.  The relationship between dinosaurs and reptiles
        is not agreed upon, but I have made Dinosaur a subset of
        Reptile in accord with general scholarly consensus.  Still
        at issue is whether or not some dinosaurs were warm-blooded.
        NS - 5/94

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dinosaur' in WordNet:
          1. dinosaur - (any of numerous extinct terrestrial reptiles of the Mesozoic era)

Super-classes WildAnimal^c
Reptile^c

Diocese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diocese`
Description	A ''Diocese'' is the ''EcclesiasticalDistrict'' controlled by a Bishop. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diocese' in WordNet: 1. diocese, bishopric, episcopate - (the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop)`
Super-classes	EcclesiasticalDistrict^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op value Bishop-Clerical^c isaPartOf^op value ArchDiocese^c

Diode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diode`
Description	CYC: The collection of all electrical diodes. A 'diode' can be used to rectify current or to amplify a signal,or to perform some other type of modulation of an electrical current. This type includes both tube and semiconductor diods, which can be differentiated as subtypes when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diode' in WordNet: 1. diode, rectifying tube, rectifying valve - (a thermionic tube having two electrodes; used as a rectifier) 2. diode, semiconductor diode, junction rectifier, crystal rectifier - (a semiconductor that consists of a p-n junction)
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c ElectronicComponent^c TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Capacitance^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value StoringElectricalCharge^c

Dioxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dioxide`
Description	A ChemicalCompound with two oxygen atoms bound to an atom of another element in each molecule (or formula for ionic oxides). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dioxide' in WordNet: 1. dioxide - (an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule)`
Super-classes	Oxide^c
Sub-classes	SiliconDioxide^c CarbonDioxide^c TinDioxide^c

Dip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dip`
Description	A DecreaseEvent in some quantity that occurs relatively suddenly. This can be almost any quantity - stock prices, temperature, airplane altitude. Corresponds to noun sense 6 and verb sense 3 of 'dip' in WordNet; a 'dip' is usually temporary, but the time during which the dip occurs is variable and undefined (as of rev981) in WordNet: 6. drop, dip, fall, free fall - (a sudden sharp decrease in some quantity; 'a drop of 57 points on the Dow Jones index'; 'there was a drop in pressure in the pulmonary artery'; 'a dip in prices'; 'when that became known the price of their stock went into free fall') WN verb 'dip': 3. (1) dip - (go down momentarily; 'Prices dipped')
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

Dip-Food^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dip-Food

Description

COSMO note: this is a substance that often plays the role of a Dip, for food objects.

     Cyc: This is the collection of all instances of dips. A
        dip is any food that is intended to be and is usually eaten
        by being scooped up onto some other  food such as a
        #$Chip-Snack or piece of raw vegetable. Fondue thus counts
        as a dip.  A borderline case is salsa, which is most often
        consumed as a dip in the  U.S.. It would probably not count
        as a dip in Mexico. Salsa is definitely  a condiment, so
        #$Dip-Food and #$Condiment are not necessarily disjoint.

        Corresponds to sense 4 of 'dip' in WordNet:
        4. dip - (tasty mixture or liquid into which bite-sized foods are dipped)

Super-classes FoodConcoction^c
AppetizerStuff^c

Diphtheria^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diphtheria

Description

An infection where the infecting bacteria secrete a toxin in the upper respiratory tract which destroys tissue and causes a membrane to form which may collapse and cause asphyxiation.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diphtheria' in WordNet:
         1. diphtheria - (acute contagious infection caused by the bacterium 
             Corynebacterium diphtheriae; marked by the formation of
             a false membrane in the throat and other air passages
             causing difficulty in breathing)

Super-classes BacterialInfection^c

Diplococcus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diplococcus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diplococcus' in WordNet: 1. diplococcus - (Gram-positive bacteria usually occurring in pairs)`
Super-classes	Bacterium^c
Sub-classes	Pneumococcus^c

Diploma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diploma`
Description	In CYC 'DiplomaDocument': A diploma - the document, not the achievement. `For the abstract credential 'Diploma' in CYC this can be added: CYC: The collection of abstract #$Credentials each of which is awarded to certify that a particular #$Student has attended school or training sessions of some particular kind. A #$Diploma (the abstract #$Credential) is represented by a #$DiplomaDocument. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diploma' in WordNet: 1. diploma, sheepskin - (a document certifying the successful completion of a course of study)`
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c Form-StandardizedIBO^c CertificateDocument^c
Restrictions	wasIssuedBy^op some (School^c or OrganizationType^c)

Diplomacy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diplomacy

Description

''Diplomacy'' is a specialization of ''Negotiating'' engaged in by representatives of different nations, whether one-to-one or as a group.

            Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diplomacy' in WordNet:
              1. (1) diplomacy, diplomatic negotiations - (negotiation between nations)

Super-classes Negotiating^c

Diplomat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diplomat`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$NationalGovernmentEmployee. Each element of #$Diplomat is a person who officially represents his or her country's government in dealing with another government or an international organization. The collection #$Diplomat includes ambassadors, foreign ministers, emissaries, and all others specially charged to represent their country in international dealings. `SUMO: A person who works as a facilitator for communication between countries, in the official employ of one of the countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diplomat' in Wordnet: 1. (4) diplomat, diplomatist - (an official engaged in international negotiations)`
Super-classes	NationalGovernmentEmployee^c Professional-Adult^c
Sub-classes	Ambassador^c Consul^c Envoy^c Attache^c

Diplomatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diplomatic

Description

''Diplomatic'' is the attribute that pertains to ''Diplomat''s and formal diplomacy in international affairs.

    Correspods to adjective sense 1  of 'diplomatic' in WordNet:
        1. (2) diplomatic - (relating to or characteristic of diplomacy; 'diplomatic immunity')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Diplomatic-Skilled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diplomatic-Skilled

Description

''Diplomatic'' is the attribute of a Person who that is polite and tries not to offend.

    Correspods to adjective sense 2  of 'diplomatic' in WordNet:
        2. (1) diplomatic, diplomatical - (skilled in dealing with sensitive matters or people)
    WN adj 'tactful':
      2. tactful, kid-glove - (showing skill and sensitivity in dealing with people;
          'by diplomatic conduct he avoided antagonizing anyone';
          'a tactful way of correcting someone'; 'the agency got the kid-glove treatment
          on Capitol Hill')

Super-classes Skilled^c

DiplomaticBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiplomaticBuilding`
Description	A ''DiplomaticBuilding'' is a ''GovernmentalBuilding'' but may be located in a country other than the Government owner, such as is an Embassy or a consulate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diplomatic building' in WordNet: 1. diplomatic building - (government building in which diplomats live or work)`
Super-classes	GovernmentalBuilding^c
Restrictions	mayHaveWorker^op value Diplomat^c
Sub-classes	Embassy^c Consulate^c

DiplomaticMission-ThePost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiplomaticMission-ThePost`
Description	$DiplomaticMission-ThePost is a specialization of `#$LegalGovernmentOrganization. Each instance of #$DiplomaticMission-ThePost is an official diplomatic mission (the organization --embassy or consulate -- not physical structure) of a legal government in a foreign country.`
Super-classes	ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Consulate-TheMission^c Embassy-TheMission^c

DiplomaticProtocol^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiplomaticProtocol

Description

''DiplomaticProtocol'' is the form of ''Etiquette'' expected of diplomats in international interactions. Very polite.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'protocol' in WordNet:
         2. protocol - (forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state)

Super-classes RulesForConduct^c

Dipole^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dipole

Description

CYC: The collection of all electrical dipoles, pairs of charges separated by fixed distances.

        This usually applied to very small, molecular-scale dipolar objects.
        The net charge may be neutral,or positive, or negative.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dipole' in WordNet:
          1. (8) dipole - (a pair of equal and opposite electric charges 
               or magnetic poles separated by a small distance)

Super-classes PhysicalObject^c

Dipper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dipper

Description

A ''Ladle'' with a deep bowl. A ''Dipper'' can also be used to transfer liquids from one vessel to another, and when located at a water well, could be used directly to drink water, as from a bucket.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dipper' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) dipper - (a ladle that has a cup with a long handle)

Super-classes Ladle^c

DippingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DippingSomething

Description

The verb 'to dip' has over ten distinct senses: this sense represents the action of an Agent who immerses an object briefly into a liquid, then withdraws it. The sense requires specifying the object dipped; it cannot be used intransitively, so 'to take a dip' is a different sense. However, an Agent can dip a part of itself into a liquid: 'to dip one's toe into the water' is an instance of this sense.

        This could be constructed as a combination of a 'submerging' and a 'withdrawing'
           action.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dip' and sense 1 of 'dunk' and
        sense 7 of 'plunge' and sense 4 of 'douse' and sense 4 of 'souse'
        in WordNet:
        1. (2) dunk, dip, souse, plunge, douse - (immerse briefly into
           a liquid so as to wet, coat, or saturate;
           'dip the garment into the cleaning solution';
           'dip the brush into the paint')

Super-classes ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c

Dire^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dire

Description

''Dire'' is the attribute of a situation that causes ''Despair'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'desperate' in WordNet:
           6. desperate, dire - (fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless;
            'a desperate illness'; 'on all fronts the Allies were in a desperate situation
            due to lack of materiel'- G.C.Marshall; 'a dire emergency')

Super-classes Dangerous^c

Direct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Direct`
Description	'Direct' is an attribute of a path or of a Procedure which involves the minimum number of intermediate steps. The opposite, Indirect, would be a path or procedure that has more than the minimum number of steps. `This includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'direct' in Wordnet: 1. (24) direct - (direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short; 'a direct route'; 'a direct flight'; 'a direct hit') 2. (16) direct, unmediated - (having no intervening persons, agents, conditions; 'in direct sunlight'; 'in direct contact with the voters'; 'direct exposure to the disease'; 'a direct link'; 'the direct cause of the accident'; 'direct vote')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasAdverbialForm^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#directly^c
Sub-classes	Firsthand^c

DirectAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectAction`
Description	''DirectAction' is a ''Resistance'' that may include actions that interfere with some activities or are very hard to ignore. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'direct action' in WordNet: 1. direct action - (a protest action by labor or minority groups to obtain their demands)`
Super-classes	Resistance^c
Sub-classes	TerroristAct^c

DirectAnswer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectAnswer

Description

A ''DirectAnswer'' is an ''Answering'' of a question that gives information of the type that the questioner asked about. The answer may be true or false, but it does respond appropriately to the question asked. This type of answer contrasts with ''EvadingAnIssue'' in which the answer does not address the question asked, but discusses a different topic.

        This is a 'responsive' answer - 'responsive' is not yet represented.

Super-classes AssertingEvent^c
Answering^c

DirectCause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectCause`
Description	A ''DirectCause''is a ''CausalEvent'' that .immediately precedes the Event that it causes, and requires some direct transfer of energy in some form - momentum, physical force, or radiation, for example - between some Object in the cause and some Object in the resulting Event. `NOTE that WordNet has multiple subtypes of 'cause' including things that may have some causal agency. This type is intended to express the causal Event that is the direct cause of some instance of an Event. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (18) cause - (events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; 'they are trying to determine the cause of the crash')`
Super-classes	CausalEvent^c
Restrictions	caused^op some Event^c

DirectTelephoneLink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectTelephoneLink`
Description	A ''DirectTelephoneLink'' is a direct communication connection between two nodes that can route the signals from one one to other nodes connected in the communications system. The medium of transmission can be conductive wire, optical cable, or point-to-point radio transmission facilities such as towers in a network.
Super-classes	Link-Generic^c CommunicationsLine^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value TelephoneCall^c

Directed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Directed`
Description	''Directed'' is the attribute of an ''IntentionalAgent'' (Animal, Person, Group,Organizaton) that acts according to the direction of some other Agent. `The WN senses of 'directed' do not represent this concept, but the sense 2 is close. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 2 of 'directed' in Wordnet: 2. directed - (manageable by a supervising agent; 'a directed program of study')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Led^c

DirectedAcyclicGraph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectedAcyclicGraph`
Description	CYC: The collection of all those #$DirectedGraphs (node-and-link structures in which each link has one direction) each of which has no directed cycle in it. This is the intersection of #$DirectedGraph and #$DirectedAcyclicPathSystem (which is the same as the intersection of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic and #$DirectedAcyclicPathSystem). A #$DirectedAcyclicGraph is often used as a representation of a #$PartialOrdering.
Super-classes	DirectedAcyclicPathSystem^c DirectedGraph^c
Sub-classes	Hierarchy^c

DirectedAcyclicPathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectedAcyclicPathSystem`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$DirectedPathSystems each of which has no directed cycle in it (see #$directedCycleInSystem). Note that each instance of #$DirectedAcyclicPathSystem has no loops in it, although it may have an undirected graph cycle in it.
Super-classes	DirectedPathSystem^c
Sub-classes	DirectedAcyclicGraph^c

DirectedFeeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectedFeeling`
Description	A DirectedFeeling is a Feeling that is directed toward, and sometimes caused by, something external to the Agent - an Event or Object. Disgust is a Feeling that may be directed at an Object. Joy may be caused by an Event.
Super-classes	ExternalReferringThing^c Feeling^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Rejoicing^c Pity^c Eagerness^c Respect^c Dissatisfaction^c Enjoyment^c Interest^c GoodWill^c Faithfulness^c Caution^c Ingratitude^c Fear^c Trust^c Love^c Agreeing-Feeling^c FeelingOfCompulsion^c Hostility^c Gratitude^c Relief^c Hope^c Guilt^c Indifference^c Desire^c BeingImpressed^c Enthusiasm^c Passion^c Opposition-Feeling^c Friendliness^c BeingTiredOfSomething^c Conviction^c Pride^c Envy^c Surprise^c Chagrin^c Dislike^c Unconcern^c BeingUpset^c Concern^c Cruelty^c Satisfaction^c Admiration^c Uncertainty^c Annoyance^c Anticipation-Feeling^c Disapproval^c Displeasure^c Joy^c FeelingOfMissingSomething^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalMourningForLossOfJFK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericConcernAboutCrime

DirectedGraph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectedGraph`
Description	CYC: The collection of all directed simple graphs, i.e., node-and-link structure in which every link has one direction and no multiple links (between a pair of nodes) or loops are allowed, as studied in graph theory. This is the intersection of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic and #$DirectedMultigraph, which is the same as the intersection of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic and #$DirectedPathSystem. `SUMO: The Class of directed graphs. A directed graph is a Graph in which all GraphArcs have direction, i.e. every GraphArc has an initial node (see InitialNodeFn) and a terminal node (see TerminalNodeFn)`
Super-classes	Multigraph^c
Sub-classes	DirectedAcyclicGraph^c

DirectedOpposite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectedOpposite

Description

'DirectedOpposite' is an AttributeValue of something that is analogous to a direction (as in up and down, east and west, high and low) and is in the the other (of two) directions in some space, real or abstract, relative to another thing; this AttributeValue is relative to the Object that is what the subject thing is opposite to.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'opposite' in WordNet:
        3. (4) opposite - (moving or facing away from each other;
            'looking in opposite directions'; 'they went in opposite directions')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DirectedPathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectedPathSystem`
Description	CYC: An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a specialization of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem. Each instance of #$DirectedPathSystem is a path system SYS in which every link LINK is given exactly one direction (specified by (#$linkFromToInSystem LINK X Y SYS), (#$PathFromFn LINK SYS), or (#$PathToFn LINK SYS)). Note that #$PathFromFn and #$PathToFn are only defined for directed path systems.
Super-classes	Semi-DirectedPathSystem^c
Sub-classes	LightPath^c DirectedAcyclicPathSystem^c

DirectedTranslation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectedTranslation`
Description	A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$DirectedTranslation is a movement event that is #$performedBy an #$Agent that intends for the #$objectMoving to reach a particular #$target. Examples: William Tell shooting the apple off his son's head, John Wilkes Booth shooting Abraham Lincoln, the last time you tossed a frisbee to someone, a pilot landing an airplane, and a skier skiing one run of the downhill course. `For translation directed by an agent throughout its motion, use 'GuidingAMovingObject'`
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c ControllingSomething^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Sub-classes	ThrowingSomethingOverboard^c ClosingaPortal^c Irrigating^c SlammingSomethingShut^c InstillingByDrops^c FloppingDown^c DepressingaDevicePart^c ConveyingMaterials^c Hurling^c FeedingAnOrganism^c ClosingEyes^c Tossing^c GuidingAMovingObject^c ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c

DirectingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectingAnAgent`
Description	'DirectingAnAgent' is a manner of ControllingAnAgent in which the Agent controlled is a voluntary participant in the controlling action - the agent controls accepts the direction as a means of cooperatively accomplishing some task. The Agent doing the directing does not necessarily have authority over the agent directed, but may have. This can be difficult to distinguish from 'Ordering' in some cases. A clear example is a directing action given by the director of a movie - that actor is not compelled to participate. Another clear example is when one person gives directions to another for how to get to some location. A less clear example is when a police offices 'directs' traffic - there is some element of compulsion and this overlaps with ordering, but the agent directed is complying because it is a means of achieving his own goal of getting somewhere, safely. However, when a police officer orders a person to pull the car over, this is a clear Ordering, and not a DirectingAnAgent. This sense includes several of the verb senses of 'direct' in WordNet. sense 1 is included in 'Ordering' so is excluded from this sense, and sense 4 appears to have as object a project rather than some agent(s). in WordNet: 3. (13) direct - (guide the actors in (plays and films)) 4. (7) direct - (be in charge of) 9. (1) direct - (give directions to; point somebody into a certain direction; 'I directed them towards the town hall')
Super-classes	ControllingAnAgent^c ManagementEvent^c ActionGroup^c
Sub-classes	ConductingaMusicalGroup^c ConductingaMusicalComposition^c DirectingMovies^c

DirectingAnOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectingAnOperation`
Description	Each ''DirectingAnOperation'' is a ''ManagementEvent'' in which the ''Manager'' doing the managing has a lot of authority over some ''OrganizationAction'', sufficient that s/he could 'run it into the ground' without interference by a higher level of management. This can be done by Person running a small business or by a Person running a large organization. Each 'DirectingAnOperation' will include some instance of 'DirectingAnAgent' in which the Agent directed is an Organization or GroupOfPeople. The Agent doing the directing will typically have final authority over the agent directed (for that Organization), but may be able to be overridden on occasion.. This sense includes several of the verb senses of 'direct' and sense 1 of 'operate' and sense 4 of 'run' in WordNet; however, this is more specific than 'DirectingAnAgent' in that the Agent directed must be an Organization or GroupOfPeople; the GroupOfPeople can be two people including the person doing the directing, but there has to be more than one participant in the 'operation' WN 'operate' in WordNet: 1. (34) operate, run - (direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.; 'She is running a relief operation in the Sudan') WN 'direct': 4. (7) direct - (be in charge of) 8. (4) conduct, lead, direct - (lead, as in the performance of a composition; 'conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years') 13. mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, organise, orchestrate - (plan and direct (a complex undertaking); 'he masterminded the robbery') WN noun 'running': 4. running - (the act of administering or being in charge of something; 'he has responsibility for the running of two companies at the same time')
Super-classes	ManagementEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value DirectingAnAgent^c hasAffectedEvent^op some OrganizationAction^c
Sub-classes	ConductingaMusicalGroup^c OrchestratingAnOperation^c ConductingaMusicalComposition^c

DirectingMovies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectingMovies`
Description	The occupation of directing the production of a film. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'direct' in WordNet: 3. (13) direct - (guide the actors in (plays and films))`
Super-classes	Profession^c Occupation^c DirectingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MovieDirector^c

DirectingTheCourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectingTheCourse`
Description	''DirectingTheCourse'' is a generic subtype of 'GuidingAMovingObject' in which the thing controlled is a Device that can move, and the ''DirectingTheCourse'' Action controls the direction of Motion. This can also be used for vehicles (see subtype ''GuidingaTransportationDevice'' and its subtypes). `For directing the course of animals (e.g. herding cows) or for directing moving water (as in an irrigation ''"Channel'' the more generic 'GuidingAMovingObject'' is the parent. See ''HerdingAnimals''or ''Channelng''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 11 of 'direct' in WordNet: 11. steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise - (direct the course; determine the direction of travelling)`
Super-classes	ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c GuidingAMovingObject^c ActionOnObject^c
Sub-classes	ControllingATransportationDevice^c

DirectionMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectionMeasure`
Description	DirectionMeasure is an attribute that may be one or multiple dimensional, depending on the dimension of the space in which it is measured. It is always measured relative to some frame of reference. The frame of reference may be the object itself in the case of motion: 'forward' and 'backward' refer to the front-back line of the object. This is close to a vector, but includes directions of moving things and also directions in which some non-moving thing points; in the latter case, the non-moving thing must have a front-back line. Therefore it is purely pointing, and does not have a magnitude, as would a velocity. Called 'Direction' in Cyc: A specialization of #$UnitVectorInterval (q.v.). Each instance of #$Direction is a vector representing a direction, typically between two objects or locations. Specializations include #$GeographicalDirection, #$TerrestrialDirection, and #$AnatomicalDirection. Note that, since a given vector can represent a particular direction only in relation to some frame of reference, a frame of reference must be (explicitly or implicitly) specified for assertions about particular directions, either by the context (i.e. #$Microtheory) of the assertion or by the type of #$Direction in question (e.g. #$GeographicalDirections are intrinsically tied to a particular terrestrial frame of reference). Includes noun sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'direction' in WordNet; a part of sense 1 meaning 'way' (i.e. a path or route) is not included, the the direction ('the other way') is included - this is a vector. in WordNet: 1. (35) direction, way - (a line leading to a place or point; 'he looked the other direction'; 'didn't know the way home') 2. (19) direction - (the spatial relation between something and the course along which it points or moves; 'he checked the direction and velocity of the wind')
Super-classes	PositionalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Upward^c CourseOverGround^c GML_DirectionMeasure^c Westbound^c GeoDirectionalAttribute^c Downward^c Outward^c Inward^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Down http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forwards http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Up http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Backwards

DirectionOfMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectionOfMotion`
Description	A ''DirectionOfMotion is an OrientationMeasure specifically describing the orientation in which some moving object is proceeding. `'bearing' and 'heading' are commonly used for this concept to describe the direction in which a ship or airplane is moving. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bearing' in WordNet: 2. (1) bearing, heading, aim - (the direction or path along which something moves or along which it lies)`
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c
Sub-classes	DirectionOfRotation^c

DirectionOfRotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectionOfRotation`
Description	A ''DirectionOfRotation'' is a ''DirectionOfMotion for Objects that 'rotate' in some manner, such as a PhysicalObject that is spinning, or a pointer on a dial that rotates around the center of the dial.
Super-classes	DirectionOfMotion^c
Sub-classes	Counterclockwise^c Clockwise^c

DirectionalAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectionalAttributeValue`
Description	Each subtype of 'DirectionalAttributeValue' represents an AttributeValue that applies to some direction relative to the speaker or to some reference location or object.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Rightward^c Eastbound^c Leftward^c Edgewise^c Left^c Northbound^c Downstairs^c Overboard^c Downstream^c Upstream^c

DirectionsDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectionsDocument`
Description	A ''DirectionsDocument''is a document giving directions (instructions) on what to do or how to do it. For directions on how to get to a Place, use 'DirectionsToaPlace'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instruction' in WordNet: 1. (11) direction, instruction - (a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them")`
Super-classes	Instructions^c Message^c AbstractDocument^c
Sub-classes	DrugPrescription^c DirectionsToaPlace^c

DirectionsToaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectionsToaPlace`
Description	''DirectionsToaPlace'' is a ''DirectionsDocument'' that describes the path or method (how) to get to a Destination from one or many dfferent starting points. This may accompany an invitation to some SocialEvent - e.g. party, wedding, rally. `Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 6 of 'direction' in WordNet: 1. (35) direction, way - (a line leading to a place or point; "he looked the other direction"; "didn't know the way home") 6. (2) direction, instruction - (a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them")`
Super-classes	DirectionsDocument^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value DirectionMeasure^c

Directive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Directive`
Description	Each ''Directive'' is a ''Pronouncement'' intended to create some incentive (positive or negative) to do or refrain from doing something, performed by an 'Authority'' with the power to create incentives. The incentive is created by ''MakingAPromise'' to perform some ''IncentivizingPromisedAction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'directive' in WordNet: 1. (1) directive - (a pronouncement encouraging or banning some activity; 'the boss loves to send us directives')`
Super-classes	Pronouncement^c MakingAPromise^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Authority^c produces^op some IncentivizingPromise^c

DirectlyDownward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectlyDownward

Description

'DirectlyDownward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from an altitude at some time to a lower altitude at a later time, such that the line of motion is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth (or some other large gravitational object).

  Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'downward' in WordNet:
    2. down, downward - (extending or moving from a higher to a lower place;
      'the down staircase'; 'the downward course of the stream')

Super-classes Upward^c

DirectlyUpward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirectlyUpward`
Description	'DirectlyUpward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from an altitude at some time to a higher altitude at a later time, such that the line of motion is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth (or some other large gravitational object).
Super-classes	Upward^c

Directness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Directness`
Description	''Directness'' is a broadly applicable Quality of '''HumanActivity''s that proceed to an intended goal directly, without deviating or digressing to other goals, and without using an interediary resource. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'directness' in WordNet: 1. directness, straightness - (trueness of course toward a goal; 'rivaling a hawk in directness of aim')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Direct^c
Sub-classes	Immediacy^c

Director^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Director

Description

A ''Director'' is an Executive in any Organization large enough to have several layers of administration, who has the title of 'Director'.

        Subypes can be defined as needed.

        Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'director' in WordNet:
            1. (18) director, manager, managing director -
                 (someone who controls resources and expenditures)
           2. (6) director - (member of a board of directors)

Super-classes Executive^c

Directors^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Directors`
Description	The ''Directors'' is a ''GroupOfPeople''consisting of all of the members of a'Board Of Directors' of some Corporation..
Super-classes	OrganizationMembership^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only BoardOfDirectorsMember^c

Directory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Directory`
Description	A ''Directory'' is a ''ReferenceWork'' listing Individuals (Persons or Organizations) plus some form of contact information for the agents listed, such as address, telephone number, and/or email address or web site address. A directory may also contain additional indformation, but that would typically be very brief. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'directory' in WordNet: 1. (1) directory - (an alphabetical list of names and addresses)`
Super-classes	ReferenceWork^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value NameList^c

DirtTrack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirtTrack`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dirt track' in WordNet: 1. dirt track - (a racetrack that is not paved)`
Super-classes	RaceCourse^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpaved^c
Sub-classes	HorseraceTrack^c

Dirtiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dirtiness`
Description	''Dirtiness'' is the state of something that is ''Dirty''. `In CYC this is a quantifiable attribut, but here it is simpler, just expressing 'dirty' in nominal form. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dirtiness' in WordNet: 2. dirtiness - (the state of containing dirty impurities)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Dirty^c

Dirty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dirty`
Description	An attribute of objects or substances that have some perceptible Impurity. This is evaluative because whether something is an Impurity is usually relative to a purpose. `Objects that are 'dirty' will have 'Grime' on them. See 'DirtyObject' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dirty' in WordNet: 1. (12) dirty, soiled, unclean - (soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime; 'dirty unswept sidewalks'; 'a child in dirty overalls'; 'dirty slums'; 'piles of dirty dishes'; 'put his dirty feet on the clean sheet'; 'wore an unclean shirt'; 'mining is a dirty job'; 'Cinderella did the dirty work while her sisters preened themselves')`
Super-classes	Bad^c
Sub-classes	Filthy^c Muddied^c Dusty^c Moldy^c Weedy^c

DirtyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DirtyObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that has some quantity (could be small) of 'Grime' on it. This type is for objects that have Grime on the surface, or, as with cloth objects - have some portions with undesirable contaminants, as stains, spots, sweat or other foreign substances. An more solid object that has undesriable substances Grime throughout, would be 'contaminated'. A 'DirtyObject' can be cleaned by some process of washing, whereas a contaminated object (usually this would be a contaminated substance) would require a cleaning process that is more sophisticated than getting stuff off a surface. `This includes 'Dirty' fabrics; although the Grime may be interpersed among the fibers, the relevant 'surface' is the surface of each fiber. If some contaminating substance has penetrated the interior of the fibers, then the fabric is contaminated. A 'DirtyObject' should be cleanable.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasSurfaceThing^op value Grime^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dirty^c
Sub-classes	SoiledClothObject^c

Dirtying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dirtying`
Description	''Dirtying'' is an Event in which some ''PhysicalObject'' (usually an ArtifactObject) which had been ''Clean'' (at least relatively) acquires sufficient dirt, grease, or other unwanted particulate or liquid material to become at least somewhat ''Dirty'' and become visibly less clean, and usually less beautiful and less desirable. For fabrics the unwanted material can penetrate the pores; for solid surfaces the unwanted material might be wiped off with a cloth, or painted over. This includes the notion of 'contamination' or 'fouling' a substance, but making a substance less pure should be represented by the subtype ''ContaminationEvent''. Restriction requires specifing the dirtied object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dirty' and part of verb sense 2 for 'foul' in WordNet: 1. dirty, soil, begrime, grime, colly, bemire - (make soiled, filthy, or dirty; 'don't soil your clothes when you play outside!) WN verb 'foul': 1. (4) pollute, foul, contaminate - (make impure; 'The industrial wastes polluted the lake')
Super-classes	Event^c IncurringPhysicalDamage^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value Grime^c hadObjectModified^op some (ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Dirty^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value CleaningEvent^c produces^op some DirtyObject^c hadAddedObject^op some (ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	Polluting^c Staining^c ContaminationEvent^c

Disabilities^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disabilities`
Description	''Disability'' is a ''Group'' each element of which is a ''Disability''.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some HumanActivity^c hasComponentElement^op only Disability^c

Disability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disability`
Description	''Disability'' is a ''Malfunction'' of a person that makes that Person unable to perform some normal human activities at the normal level, or not to be able to perform then at all. ToDO: use relation ''isTheInabilityToPerformActionType'' to specify what Action a ''Disability' precludes. NOTE that in CYC this is not considered as an 'Ailment' but in COSMO it is. Reconsider?? CYC: This is the collection of #$PhysiologicalConditionTypes which are defined in terms of an inability to perform a normal function. For instance, there are many causes of #$Deafness, including several diseases, so #$Deafness itself is not an #$AilmentCondition, but a condition of impaired hearing that may result from an ailment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disability' in WordNet: 1. (3) disability, disablement, handicap, impairment - (the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness; 'reading disability'; 'hearing impairment')
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op some Inability^c hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c hinders^op some HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	VisualImpairment^c BodyPartDysfunction^c Deafness^c WalkingImpairment^c Dyslexia^c InabilityToWork^c

DisabilityAidEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisabilityAidEquipment`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$PhysicalDevices that assist people with disabilities in overcoming those disabilities.
Super-classes	UsefulThing^c Device^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	MobilityAid^c HearingAid^c

Disabled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disabled`
Description	''Disabled'' is the Attribute of an animal (especially a Person) that has lost all or most of some important physical ability, such as sight,hearing, ability to walk or to speak, or a lack of one or more arms or hands; a lack of any normal ability that allows people to perform physical tasks that average people can do. `Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'disabled' in WordNet: 1. (6) disabled, handicapped - (markedly unable to function as a consequence of injury or illness)`
Super-classes	Impaired^c
Sub-classes	Deaf^c Incapacitated^c

DisabledPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisabledPerson`
Description	Any Person who is ''Disabled'', having some injury that impairs some form of functioning.
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disabled^c

Disabling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disabling`
Description	''Disabling'' is an ''Injuring'' of some Animal that reduces or eliminates some capability of that animal.. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'disable' in WordNet: 2. disable, invalid, incapacitate, handicap - (injure permanently; 'He was disabled in a car accident')`
Super-classes	Injuring^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op some Animal^c causes^op value Disability^c
Sub-classes	CripplingEvent^c Maiming^c

DisablingaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisablingaDevice`
Description	''DisablingaDevice'' is the Action of causing some functioning part of a ''Device'' to cease to perform its intended function. This may or may not be a ''PurposefulAction'' but the main intended use of this is for the Action of intentionally disabling some part of the functioning of a Device without turning off the whole Device. One example is the disabling of some automatic control device, as in an ''AutomaticVehicleController''. In that case,it is an action of ''OverridingAnAutomaticVehicleController''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disable' in WordNet: 1. (1) disable, disenable, incapacitate - (make unable to perform a certain action; 'disable this command on your computer')`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value NonFunctional^c
Sub-classes	OverridingAnAutomaticVehicleController^c

Disaccharide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disaccharide`
Description	A ''Disaccharide' is a ''Sugar-Generic'' having two smaller (monosaccharide) sugar units bound together. The most common ones for people are 'Sucrose'' (the common table sugar) and ''Lactose''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disaccharide' in WordNet: 1. disaccharide - (any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis)`
Super-classes	MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c Sugar-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Lactose^c Sucrose^c Sugar^c

Disadvantage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disadvantage

Description

A ''Disadvantage'' is a Difference (An Attribute of an ordered pair) in which the first entity of the OrderedPair is judged by some criterion or some agent to be inferior or worse in some respect for some purpose, and the values of the first and second elements indicate the relative merits of the two. The representation of this type is essentially identical to that of ''Advanage'', only with the order of the two elements of the pair reversed.

    NOTE: having a 'disadvantage' can occur in social and economic situations,
      in which case a Person with such a 'disadvantage' is categorized as ''Deprived''.
      However, that sense

    ??Q How to represent both with a single Pair?? use ''hasFirstElement'' etc.??

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disadvantage' in WordNet:
     1. (3) disadvantage - (the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position)

Super-classes Difference^c

Disadvantaged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disadvantaged

Description

This sense of 'Disadvantaged' is general, characterizing an agent that has some form of ''Disadvantage'' (an inferior or less favorable position), relative to some other agent(s). This can be relative to some other agent or relative to the same agent at a different time.

      Tnis sense of 'disadvantaged'  is not in WN or RHW.

Super-classes Inferior^c

Disagreeable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disagreeable`
Description	''Disagreeable'' is a subtype of ''Unpleasant'' specifically applicable to People who behave in a manner that more than a few people would consider ''Unpleasant''. `Corresponds to the part of attribute sense 1 of 'disagreeable' in WordNet that specifically applies to people: in WordNet: 1. disagreeable - (not to your liking; 'a most disagreeable journey'; 'a disagreeable old man'; 'in a disagreeable mood')`
Super-classes	Unpleasant^c
Sub-classes	Conceited^c

DisagreeablePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisagreeablePerson`
Description	A ''DisagreeablePerson'' is a ''PersonaNonGrata'' because s/he is''Unpleasant'' to assocate with, usually due to offensive behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disagreeable person' in WordNet: 1. unpleasant person, disagreeable person - (a person who is not pleasant or agreeable)`
Super-classes	PersonaNonGrata^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c
Sub-classes	Egotist^c Creep^c PrimaDonna^c Grouch^c LowLife^c Boor^c Nagger^c Snob^c

Disagreeableness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disagreeableness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disagreeableness' in WordNet: 2. disagreeableness - (an ill-tempered and offensive disposition)`
Super-classes	IllNature^c
Sub-classes	Belligerence^c

Disagreeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disagreeing`
Description	''Disagreeing'' is an Attribute of two or more people who do not agree on some (any) topic.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Dissenting^c

DisagreementEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisagreementEvent`
Description	Each 'DisagreementEvent' is an AssertingEvent in which two or more Agents assert contradictory things about some issue. The Asserting may be accompanied by a Believing (they believe that contradictory things are true), but they may also diagree on what one or the other should do. This is a very broad sense of 'DisagreementEvent' Although this is an Asserting, this type may be used to represent a static difference of opinion over some interval of time (the Asserting occurred at some time and its effects linger). NOTE that this is a PersistentState, as a 'disagreement' can continue indefinitely and this type does not represent an accomplishment, but is a description of the existence of contrary opinions. @ToDo: An actual difference of opinion per se is not best represented by an Asserting, but could be a subtype of 'difference'. or some static situation. Needs work. This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disagree' and noun sense 3 of 'disagreement' and includes part of the related verb 'negative' (to say no) in WordNet: 1. (12) disagree, differ, dissent, take issue - (be of different opinions; 'I beg to differ!'; 'She disagrees with her husband on many questions') WN Noun 'disagreement': 3. disagreement - (the speech act of disagreeing or arguing or disputing)
Super-classes	PersistentState^c AssertingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Dissension^c

Disappearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disappearing`
Description	A very general type for Events in which some PhysicalObject or substance becomes ''Invisible'' due to any reason - moving out of sight, becoming obscured by an intervening Object, getting lost or misplaced, going out of existence, getting buried, vanishingin amagic act or anything that can cause something to no longer be in sight. Each of those causes could form a subtype. For 'disappearing' from existence use ''CeasingToExist'. In CYC ('DisappearingFromSight'): This is the collection of events in which an object becomes hidden from an animal's sight, either by becoming too distant to be seen, or by the animal's line of sight becoming blocked by another object. An animal may not actually see the object before it disappears, but it was visible in the context. Includes all verb senses 1 and 4 of 'disappear' in WordNet: 1. (40) disappear, vanish, go away - (get lost, as without warning or explanation; 'He disappeared without a trace') 4. melt, disappear - (become less intense and fade away gradually; 'her resistance melted under his charm') WN noun 'disappearance': 2. (1) disappearance - (the event of passing out of sight)
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value AppearingEvent^c objectHasAttributeBefore^op value Visible^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Invisible^c

Disappointed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disappointed

Description

COSMO note: this is the attribute of someone who feels disappointed. In Cyc, 'Disappointed' is a person who is disappointed. This can happen in a ''BecomingDisappointed'' Event.

     Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each
        instance is an agent in the emotional state of being
        dissapointed. Use this constant with a
        #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that
        are in this emotional state to some varying degree.

        Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'disappointed' in WordNet:
          1. (4) defeated, disappointed, discomfited, foiled, frustrated,
          thwarted - - (disappointingly unsuccessful; 'disappointed expectations
          and thwarted ambitions'; 'their foiled attempt to capture Calais'; 
          'many frustrated poets end as pipe-smoking teachers'; 
          'his best efforts were thwarted')

Super-classes Dissatisfied^c
Sad^c

Disappointing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disappointing`
Description	''Disappointing'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events, especially results of Actions) that cause a Person to experience a ''DisappointingSomeone', and thus experience the Feeling of ''Disappointment''. `Includes but isbroader than adjective sense 1 of 'disappointing' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disappointing, dissatisfactory, unsatisfying - (not up to expectations; 'a disappointing performance from one who had seemed so promising')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Frustrating^c

DisappointingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisappointingSomeone`
Description	The Action in which some Situation or some Agent causes another agent to become disappointed. The object of this action is the person becoming disappointed, and this represents an active voice of the verb 'disappoint' - 'he disappointed his wife by . . .'. In WordNet this is a subtype of 'preventing', but in COSMO that type is used for preventing situations or events, and does not apply to this sense. `Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'disappoint' in WordNet: 1. (5) disappoint, let down - (fail to meet the hopes or expectations of; 'Her boyfriend let her down when he did not propose marriage')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op some Disappointment^c
Sub-classes	DiscouragingSomeone^c

Disappointment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disappointment`
Description	CYC: The attribute-type associated with feeling defeated in expectation or hope. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - i.e. collections - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) `NOTE: in COSMO ''Feeling''s are treated as ''Event''s, not attributes Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disappointment' in Wordnet: 1. (7) disappointment, letdown - (a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized; 'his hopes were so high he was doomed to disappointment')`
Super-classes	Sadness^c Dissatisfaction^c
Sub-classes	Discouragement^c

Disapproval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disapproval`
Description	The emotion or state of disapproving of something; a negative attitude towards some situation, proposal, person, or thing, implying a judgment based on explicit or implicit standards (rational, moral, pragmatic, or etc.). This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. More specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Disapproval are #$Contempt, #$Hate, #$Abhorrence, etc. More subtly, it is often true that feelings of #$Jealousy or #$Envy manifest in superficial shows of #$Disapproval. #$Disapproval is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. COSMO note: the restriction says that a Feeling of 'Disapproval' often or typically (not always) causes the verbal act of 'ExpressingDisapproval' (which includes as a subtype 'Objecting'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disapproval' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'disapprove' in WordNet: 1. (6) disapproval - (a feeling of disliking something or what someone is doing) WN verb 'disapprove': 1. (5) disapprove - (consider bad or wrong) 2. (2) disapprove, reject - (deem wrong or inappropriate; 'I disapprove of her child rearing methods')
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ExpressingDisapproval^c
Sub-classes	Contempt^c

DisarmingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisarmingaPerson`
Description	''DisarmingaPerson'' is to take away one or more ''Weapon''s (usually a ''Gun'' or ''Knife'') from a Person who is carrying a weapon(s). This is typically done by Police. This is a transitive Action. `Correspond to verb sense 3 of 'disarm' in WordNet: 3. disarm, unarm - (take away the weapons from; render harmless)`
Super-classes	Divesting^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value Person^c removes^op min 1

Disarranging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disarranging`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'disarrange' in WordNet: 2. disarrange - (disturb the arrangement of; "disarrange the papers")`
Super-classes	Disordering^c
Sub-classes	Randomizing^c

Disassembling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disassembling`
Description	''Disassembling'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which some ''AssemblyOfParts'' is taken apart by a ''PurposefulAction'', by disconnecting the ''ComponentPart''s that had been joined to create the Object. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disassemble' in WordNet: 1. (1) disassemble, dismantle, take apart, break up, break apart - (take apart into its constituent pieces)`
Super-classes	DestructionEvent^c CeasingToExist^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value AssemblyOfParts^c

Disaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disaster`
Description	''Disaster'' includes all Events in which multiple things were harmed - people or structures or property. The size of a ''Disaster'' can vary widely. It can be natural or caused by people, intentionally or accidentally. It should have at least one Person harmed in some way, physically, emotionally, or financially. One issue is that great harm to a person is also referred to as a 'tragedy': The more limited 'tragedy' (see RHW definition below) is represented in COSMO as the parent type 'TragicEvent'' RHW 'tragedy: 6. a lamentable, dreadful, or fatal event or affair; calamity; disaster: the tragedy of war. CYC 'DisasterEvent': A specialization of #$Emergency. Each instance of #$DisasterEvent is a #$PhysicalDestructionEvent in which at least some of the objects destroyed or harmed are considered to be of significant value. (We use 'value' in its most general sense, to include monetary value, social value, moral value, etc.) Obviously, this is a very subjective and norm-laden concept; however, there are many things which <i>clearly</i> qualify as #$DisasterEvents, e.g. #$TitanicSinking, #$BombingOfHiroshima, and #$TerroristAttack-September-11-2001-NYC-PENN-WDC. Two important specializations are #$NaturalDisaster and #$ManMadeDisaster. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disaster' in Wordnet: 2. (7) calamity, catastrophe, disaster, tragedy, cataclysm - (an event resulting in great loss and misfortune; 'the whole city was affected by the irremediable calamity'; 'the earthquake was a disaster')
Super-classes	HarmingAnAgent^c BadLuckEvent^c PhysicalDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Emergency^c mayCause^op value DeathOfaPerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disastrous^c
Sub-classes	NaturalDisaster^c Famine^c PossibleFutureDisaster^c Apocalypse^c EconomicMeltdown^c

Disastrous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disastrous`
Description	''Disastrous'' is an intensive form of ''Harmful'' , asserting that the Event characterized causes sufficient damage to be considered as a 'Disaster'' - physically, emotionally, professionally, or financially. This should be used for non-physical damage; for intense physical damage the subtypes of ''Damaging'' can be used. "ruinous" Compare to ''Devastating'': ''Disastrous'' can be used for Events that cause damage that is not physical, such as creating a social situation that makes life difficult for some Person(s). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disastrous' in Wordnet: 1. (6) black, calamitous, disastrous, fatal, fateful - ((of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin; 'the stock market crashed on Black Friday'; 'a calamitous defeat'; 'the battle was a disastrous end to a disastrous campaign'; 'such doctrines, if true, would be absolutely fatal to my theory'- Charles Darwin; 'it is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it'- Douglas MacArthur; 'a fateful error')
Super-classes	Bad^c Harmful^c
Sub-classes	Ruinous^c

Disavowing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disavowing

Description

Each ''Disavowing'' is a ''Denying'' where the thing denied can be of several types - in language, the thing denied is usually specified in the sentence.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disavow' in WordNet:
         1. disavow - (refuse to acknowledge; disclaim knowledge of;
             responsibility for, or association with; 'Her husband disavowed her
             after 30 years of marriage and six children')

Super-classes Denying^c

DisbandingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisbandingaGroup`
Description	''DisbandingaGroup'' is an Action in which sme GropOfPeople cease to function together, effectively causing the Group to cease existing. `this type includes the transitive and intransitive senses, which can be distingished when needed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disband' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disband - (cause to break up or cease to function; 'the principal disbanded the political student organization') 2. (1) disband, dissolve - (stop functioning or cohering as a unit; 'The political wing of the party dissolved after much internal fighting') WN verb 'breakup': 3. (2) break up - (come apart; 'the group broke up')`
Super-classes	GroupTransferOut^c OrganizationalTransfer^c DiscontinuingaSocialRelation^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value LeavingAnOrganization^c

Disbelief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disbelief`
Description	''Disbelief' is a intenser feeling of ''Doubt'' such that a Person considers the proposition disbelieved to be very unlikely, or impossible. The 'ImpossibleThing' referenced is impossible in the opinion of the disbeliever, in some context. "reject Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disbelief' in WordNet: 1. (3) incredulity, disbelief, skepticism, mental rejection - (doubt about the truth of something)
Super-classes	Doubt^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value ImpossibleThing^c

Disbelieving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disbelieving`
Description	''Disbelieving'' is a ''Rejecting'' the truth of some Assertion that was made by someone, causing the ''MentalState''s of ''Doubting'' and ''Disbelief''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disbelieve' in WordNet: 1. (1) disbelieve, discredit - (reject as false; refuse to accept)`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c Rejecting^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some AssertingEvent^c causes^op value Doubting^c causes^op value Disbelief^c

Discard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discard`
Description	Any PortableObject or Group of PortableObjects that has been discarded, in any manner. This includes cards that have been 'discarded' in a game. Something as large as a refrigerator can be a 'Discard'. The restriction requires that the act of 'Discarding' be specified, but that instance can be vague, such as specifying some structure's or some person's discarding over some interval of time. So one can represent an individual person's trash. Note that structures that are no longer used may be 'Abandoned' but not 'Discarded'. Includes senses 5 and 6 of noun 'discard' in RHW; 5. a person or thing that is cast out or rejected. 6. (Cards) a card or cards discarded. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'discard' in WordNet: 1. discard - (anything that is cast aside or discarded)
Super-classes	PortableObject^c AbandonedObject^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Discarding^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Discarded^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c
Sub-classes	PieceOfTrash^c PieceOfRubble^c

Discarded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discarded

Description

An AttributeValue of things (Objects or substances) that have been abandoned or placed in a container (or in a DrainPipe or other location) for removal as no longer useful.

      The attribute of a PhysicalObject that is
        small enough to throw away (or a substance that can be hauled or drained away),
        or to haul to a dump site, and has been discarded.  Includes trash at the side
         of the road.   For structures that have been abandoned, use 'Abandoned'.

        Past participle of 'discard'.

Super-classes Relinquished^c

Discarding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discarding`
Description	'Discarding' is an intentional 'LosingControlOfAControlledObject' where the Object lost control of is a 'Discard' (a discarded object) which is something 'Unwanted'. The 'Discard' item should be specified. This is for discarding PhysicalObjects - not the example cited in Wordnet NOTE that this can be applied to non-human animals who intentionally discard things. the object of this action, after the action, has the property 'Discarded'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (for physical objects) of 'discard' in WordNet: 1. (3) discard, fling, toss, toss out, toss away, chuck out, cast aside, dispose, throw out, cast out, throw away, cast away, put away - (throw or cast away; 'Put away your worries') WN noun 'disposal': 3. (1) disposal, disposition - (the act or means of getting rid of something)
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c Relinquishing^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c Ridding^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Discarded^c removes^op value PhysicalObject^c produced^op some Discard^c
Sub-classes	ThrowingSomethingOverboard^c DumpingGarbage^c

Discharge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discharge`
Description	A ''Discharge'' is a broad class of ''Phenomenon'' that is an ''EnergyTransferEvent'' including any sudden emission or transmission of any form of energy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discharge' in WordNet: 1. (13) discharge - (the sudden giving off of energy)`
Super-classes	EnergyTransferEvent^c Phenomenon^c
Sub-classes	Erupting^c ElectricalDischarge^c

Discharged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discharged`
Description	'Discharged' is the state of a 'Battery' that does not have enough power remaining to power an Electricaldevice for enough time to perform a normal task. Batteries are seldom fully discharged, so some small power may be available to perform something, but not enough to do normal activities.
Super-classes	DeviceState^c

DischargedLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DischargedLiquid`
Description	A ''DischargedLiquid'' is the ''MovingLiquidObject'' that was produced by a ''DischargingaLiquid'' Action. `Corresponds to part of (for liquids) noun sense 1 of 'discharge' in WordNet: 6. discharge, outpouring, run - (the pouring forth of a fluid)`
Super-classes	MovingLiquidObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value DischargingaLiquid^c
Sub-classes	Squirt^c

DischargingPassengers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DischargingPassengers`
Description	''DischargingPassengers'' is a ''TakingSomethingOff'' and an ''ExitingSomething'' in which some 'driver' in control of a vehicle brings it to a stop and some Pasenger(s) get off. This can be for vehicles as small as automobiles or as large as an ocean liner. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'unload' in WordNet: 1. (3) drop, drop off, set down, put down, unload, discharge - (leave or unload, especially of passengers or cargo;)`
Super-classes	TakingSomethingOff^c ExitingSomething^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value TransportationServiceEvent^c removes^op value PhysicalObject^c hasStartingPlace^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c hadObjectMoved^op some Person^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value EnteringAVehicle^c

DischargingaLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DischargingaLiquid`
Description	''DischargingaLiquid'' is a ''CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion'' Action in which the Object that is caused to move is a ''LiquidObject''. This does not have to be aforceful 'ejection', as it includes 'releasing' e.g. releasing water from a Dam or opening a tap on a liquid container to allow the liquid to pour out. `Includes verb senses 2 and (is broader than, not just bodily fluids)) sense 3 of 'discharge' in WordNet: 2. (3) discharge - (pour forth or release; 'discharge liquids') 2. (1) discharge, expel, eject, release - (eliminate (substances) from the body)`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c LiquidMotion^c CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value LiquidObject^c produces^op value DischargedLiquid^c
Sub-classes	Squirting^c

Disciplinal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disciplinal

Description

''Disciplinal'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Disciplining'' of some Person, as wel as to behavior requiring ''Disciplining''.

        NOTE: The term 'disciplinary' is used to label the attribute pertaining
            to academic disciplines (fields of study).

         Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and  3 of 'disciplinary' in Wordnet:
           1. disciplinary - (relating to discipline in behavior; 'disciplinary problems in the classroom')
           3. corrective, disciplinary, disciplinal - (designed to promote discipline; 
              'the teacher's action was corrective rather than instructional'; 
              'disciplinal measures'; 'the mother was stern and disciplinary')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Disciplinary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disciplinary

Description

''Disciplinary'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''FieldOfStudy''.

        NOTE: The term ''Disciplinal'' is used to label the attribute pertaining
            to ''Disciplining'' misbehavior.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'disciplinary' in Wordnet:
           2. disciplinary - (relating to a specific field of academic study; 
               'economics in its modern disciplinary sense')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Discipline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discipline`
Description	This is a Trait of People who habitually perform ''SelfControl''. One difference between this and subtype ''SelfDiscipline'' in WordNet is that this can be performed by a ''GroupOfPeople''. This also includes a 'Discipline' instilled by training, and performed because of fear of punishment, rather than for one's own purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'discipline' in WordNet: 3. (2) discipline - (the trait of being well behaved; 'he insisted on discipline among the troops')`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SelfControl^c
Sub-classes	SelfDiscipline^c

Disciplined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disciplined

Description

This sense of the term 'disciplined' is for people who have acquired a skill or habit by some form of ''Training'', either formal or by self-training. This includes both mental and physical skills or habits, including self-denial.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disciplined' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) disciplined - (trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise;
            'the beautiful coordination of his disciplined muscles'; 'a disciplined mind')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

DisciplinedToObey^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisciplinedToObey

Description

This sense of the term 'disciplined' is for people (especially children) whose unacceptable behavior has been corrected (to some extent) by 'Disciplining''.

       NOTE: the two WN senses may be rearranged as subtypes: parent is punishing,
          subtype is obeying.  The first does not necessariy lead to the latter.  @ToDo.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'disciplined' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) disciplined - (obeying the rules)
          3. chastised, corrected, disciplined - (punished for misbehavior;
               "the chastised child sat humbly in the corner")

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Disciplining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disciplining`
Description	''Disciplining'' is an attempt at ''CorrectingBehavior'' by inflicting punishment for an offense. The type of punishment can be very mild or very severe, from sending a pupil to detention or a child for a 'time out' up to a fine of billions of dollars for Organizations. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'discipline' in WordNet: 2. discipline, correct, sort out - (punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience; 'The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently') WN noun 'discipline': 5. discipline, correction - (the act of punishing; 'the offenders deserved the harsh discipline they received')
Super-classes	Punishing^c ConditioningSomeone^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value DisciplinedToObey^c hasDesiredSituation^op value Obedience^c

Disclaiming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disclaiming

Description

Each ''Disclaiming''is a ''Denying'' of responsibility or association. This is similar to ''Disavowing'', but the difference is unclear. These types should be more clearly defined.

       Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'disclaim' in WordNet:
         2. disclaim - (make a disclaimer about; 'He disclaimed any responsibility')

Super-classes Denying^c

Disclosed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disclosed

Description

''Disclosed'' is the attribute of an ''Assertion'' (''Information'' that is usually a ''Fact'') that has been Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'revealed by a ''DisclosingaSecret'' Action.

         NOTE that this is an atttribute of ''SecretInformation'', but that refers to its
            status before the ''DisclosingaSecret'' Action.  If the disclosing is limited,
            it may still be a 'secret' from many other people.
            There should be a subtype for piblic disclosure, and one for limited disclosure.
            Many government 'secrets' are disclosed to new recipients frequently..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disclosed' in Wordnet:
          1. disclosed - (made known (especially something secret or concealed);
              'the disclosed purpose of their wicked plan')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

DisclosingaSecret^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisclosingaSecret`
Description	''DisclosingaSecret'' is a ''StatingSomething'' that describes a ''Fact'' that was previously not widely known, or known to very few (a ''Secret''),and is revealed to others who did not now the hidden fact. This is not merely telling some person or small audience something they did not previously know, the thing disclosed must be previously confidential or secret. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disclose' in WordNet: 1. (19) unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, reveal, discover, expose, divulge, impart, break, give away, let out - (make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; 'The auction house would not disclose the price at which the van Gogh had sold'; 'The actress won't reveal how old she is'; 'bring out the truth'; 'he broke the news to her'; 'unwrap the evidence in the murder case')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c StatingSomething^c Narrating^c
Restrictions	hadInformationTransferred^op value SecretInformation^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Disclosed^c produces^op some Fact^c
Sub-classes	RevealingaFact^c SpillingTheBeans^c Gossipping^c

DiscoMusic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscoMusic

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disco' in WordNet:
           1. disco, disco music - (popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s);
             melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques)

Super-classes PopularMusic^c

Discoloring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discoloring`
Description	''Discoloring'' is the most general Event in which some colored object changes its color - to another color, or to lose its color. This type of change of color is usually undesirable to some agent. This includes transitive and intransitive senses. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'discolor' in WordNet: 1. discolor - (lose color or turn colorless; 'The painting discolored') 2. discolor - (cause to lose or change color; 'The detergent discolored my shirts') 3. discolor, discolour, colour, color - (change color, often in an undesired manner; 'The shirts discolored') WN noun 'discoloration': 2. discoloration, discolouration - (the act of changing the natural color of something by making it duller or dingier or unnatural or faded)
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c CausingChange^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Color^c hadThingAffected^op some SolidObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Blotting^c TarnishingaSurface^c Staining^c BecomingTarnished^c

Discomfort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discomfort`
Description	''Discomfort'' is a lack of ''Comfort'', i.e. it is the Feeling that a person has when there is something that causes pain, anxiety, or any other disagreeable feeling or sensation. This is the most general ''Feeling'' of discomfort. `Includes both senses of 'discomfort' in WordNet: 1. (3) discomfort, uncomfortableness - (the state of being tense and feeling pain) 2. discomfort, soreness, irritation - (an uncomfortable feeling of mental painfulness or distress)`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Comfort^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Uncomfortable^c
Sub-classes	Concern^c Inconvenience^c Hangover^c

Disconcerting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disconcerting

Description

''Disconcerting'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events) that cause a Person to experience a ''UpsettingaPerson'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disconcerting' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) disconcerting, upsetting - (causing an emotional disturbance; 
             'his disconcerting habit of greeting friends ferociously and 
                strangers charmingly'- Herb Caen; 'an upsetting experience')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Disconnecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disconnecting`
Description	'Disconnecting' is an Event in which a connection between two or more PhysicalObjects is removed so that the objects are no longer connected. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disconnect' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unplug, disconnect - (pull the plug of (electrical appliances) and render inoperable; 'unplug the hair dryer after using it') 2. (1) disconnect - (make disconnected, disjoin or unfasten)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Connecting^c
Sub-classes	Unplugging^c Unleashing^c BreakingAnElectricalCircuit^c

Discontent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discontent

Description

''Discontent'' is a person ''Longing' that includes a mental image of a better situation that is possible.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discontent' in WordNet:
        1. (2) discontentment, discontent, discontentedness - 
             (a longing for something better than the present situation)

Super-classes Longing^c

Discontinued^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discontinued

Description

''Discontinued'' is a property of some Action that was in progress, but was then halted (for any reason).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'discontinued' in Wordnet:
         1. discontinued - (stopped permanently or temporarily; 'discontinued models'; 
            'a discontinued magazine'; 'a discontinued conversation')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

DiscontinuingaSocialRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscontinuingaSocialRelation`
Description	''DiscontinuingaSocialRelation'' is an Action in which one or more participants in an ongoing ''SocialRelation'' terminate the interaction from their side - unilaterally or by mutual agreement.
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	terminatesState^op value SocialRelationship^c
Sub-classes	DisbandingaGroup^c UnfriendingaFacebookFriend^c

DiscontinuousEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscontinuousEvent

Description

An Event in which there are intervals of time during which there is no change in the represented fluents. A sprts match consisting of multiple games would be one instance. The match could be considered as a single Event, but the intervals between games would not be represented as part of the Match.

      This differs from ''PersistentState'' in having breaks when the Event
      is not in progress.

Super-classes Event^c

Discotheque^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discotheque`
Description	A ''Discotheque'' is a ''Ballroom'' open to the public and managed by some commercial organization. The music is typically produced by playing a recording rather than by a live band - are there exceptions?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discotheque' in WordNet: 1. disco, discotheque - (a public dance hall for dancing to recorded popular music)`
Super-classes	NightClub^c Ballroom^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value DiscoMusic^c

Discounted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discounted

Description

''Discounted'' is the attribute of 'Merchandise' that is being sold at a price lower than it previously had.

      NOTE: this is not necessarily 'rock-bottom' but WN has no
         adj sense of 'discounted'
      Includes adjective sense 2 of'reduced' in WordNet:
           2. (1) reduced, rock-bottom - (well below normal (especially in price))

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Discouragement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discouragement`
Description	The attribute-type associated with feeling deprived of ability to achieve some goal, which may pass quickly. More long-lasting feelings of discouragement are represented as ''Frustration''. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'discouragement' in WordNet: 1. discouragement, disheartenment, dismay - (the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles)`
Super-classes	Disappointment^c
Sub-classes	Frustration^c

Discouraging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discouraging`
Description	''Discouraging'' is an AttributeValue of anything that tends to discourage a Person (for any reason). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'discouraging' in Wordnet: 1. (1) discouraging - (depriving of confidence or hope or enthusiasm and hence often deterring action; "where never is heard a discouraging word")`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Daunting^c Bleak^c

DiscouragingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscouragingSomeone`
Description	The Action in which some Situation or some Agent causes another agent to become discouraged. This is a subtype of 'DisappointingSomeone', where the expectation that is lost is the expectation of being able to either seeing something good done or doing a certain action him/herself; in the latter case, use the subtype 'DeterringSomeone'. `Deterrence comes when doing an action or achieving a state appears to be impossible. For deterrence, use 'DeterringSomeone' (the attempt) or 'DeterrenceEvent' (successful deterrence). Corresponds approximately to sense 2 of 'discourage' in WordNet; for sense 1 of 'deterring' use the subtype 'DeterringSomeone': WN 'discourage' in WordNet: 2. discourage - (deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged)`
Super-classes	DisappointingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Discouragement^c
Sub-classes	DepressingSomeone^c DeterringSomeone^c

Discourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discourse`
Description	A ''Discourse'' is a ''Discursive'' ''LinguisticCommunication'' in speech or writing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discourse' in WordNet: 1. (2) discourse - (extended verbal expression in speech or writing)`
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Discursive^c

DiscoveredThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscoveredThing`
Description	Each 'DiscoveredThing' is categorized by being the thing discovered in a 'Finding-Generic' Event. `Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'discovery' in WordNet: 2. (8) discovery - (something that is discovered) 3. (5) discovery, breakthrough, find - (a productive insight)`
Super-classes	FoundThing^c
Restrictions	wasFoundInAction^op some DiscoveryEvent^c
Sub-classes	Distinction^c ScientificDiscovery^c FoundObject^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheNewWorld

Discoverer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discoverer`
Description	A person who is the first (at least within his/her culture) to learn of some phenomenon or place - discoverer of an unknown geographic feature, discoverer of a natural phenomenon, inventor of some device, inventor of some mathematical theory. `Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'discoverer' in WordNet: 1. inventor, discoverer, artificer - (someone who is the first to think of or make something) 2. finder, discoverer, spotter - (someone who is the first to observe something) little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose))`
Super-classes	Researcher^c
Sub-classes	DiscovererOfaPlace^c DiscovererOfaPhenomenon^c Innovator^c ProposerOfaTheory^c

DiscovererOfaPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscovererOfaPhenomenon

Description

A person,usually a scientist, who discovers some natural phenomenon or law of nature. This is not for mathematical theories - use 'ProposerOfaTheory'.

        This corresponds to sense 2 of 'discoverer' in WordNet:
        2. finder, discoverer, spotter - (someone who is
           the first to observe something)

Super-classes Discoverer^c
Scientist^c

DiscovererOfaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscovererOfaPlace`
Description	COSMO note: this sense is for discovery of unknown (to some large culture) places on Earth. `Cyc: The first person known - usually just the first European - to have reached an unfamiliar place; Balboa discovered the Pacific, but Armstrong didn't discover the moon nor Marco Polo discover Cathay. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'discoverer' in WordNet: 2. finder, discoverer, spotter - (someone who is the first to observe something)`
Super-classes	Discoverer^c Explorer^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChristopherColumbus

DiscoveringByExcavating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscoveringByExcavating`
Description	''DiscoveringByExcavating'' is a subtype of ''Excavating'' specifically for finding buried things, as in archaeological digs or prospecting. . Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'excavate' in Wordnet: 1. excavate, unearth - (lay bare through digging; 'Schliemann excavated Troy') 2. excavate, dig up, turn up - (find by digging in the ground; 'I dug up an old box in the garden')
Super-classes	LocatingSomething^c Excavating^c
Restrictions	hasPurposeOfObtaining^op some (ObjectType^c or Object^c or SubstanceType^c)

DiscoveryEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscoveryEvent`
Description	COSMO note: this sense of 'discovery' represents something found as a result of a deliberate search - the thing found is not necessarily the thing sought, incidental discoveries are included, but the discovery has to be the result of a search process for this type to apply. This is mostly for discovery of knowledge by research, and of geographic information. Although ''DiscoveryEvent'' is a subtype of ''Learning'', for ''Learning'' that is not a result of an intentional search, use the parent ''Learning'' or some other subtype. For finding objects that one has lost, use 'Finding-Generic'. Cyc: The collection of #$Events in which something is discovered, whether that thing is an object or a proposition. A discovery may be unintended, or may be the result of actions taken with the intent of causing a discovery. However, since the thing discovered was not known before the discovery, the doer of a discovery is a #$nonDeliberateActors. Corresponds to verb senses 2,4,5, and 7 of 'discover' and sense 8 of 'find' and sense 1 of 'discovery' in WordNet; certain subtypes such as scientific or geographical discovery can be distinguished as subtypes, but those subtypes are not yet (rev833) represented. in WordNet: 2. (21) discover, find - (make a discovery, make a new finding; 'Roentgen discovered X-rays'; 'Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle') 4. (16) discover, find - (make a discovery; 'She found that he had lied to her'; 'The story is false, so far as I can discover') 5. (6) fall upon, strike, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on, happen upon, attain, discover - (find unexpectedly; 'the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb'; 'she struck a goldmine'; 'The hikers finally struck the main path to the lake') 7. (1) discover - (see for the first time; make a discovery; 'Who discovered the North Pole?') WN 'find': 8. (34) discover, find - (make a discovery, make a new finding; 'Roentgen discovered X-rays'; 'Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle') WN 'discovery' 1. (14) discovery, find, uncovering - (the act of discovering something)
Super-classes	Finding-Generic^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Discoverer^c improves^op value Knowledge^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value NewKnowledge^c hadObjectFound^op some DiscoveredThing^c mayBeCausedBy^op value Research^c resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value NewKnowledge^c
Sub-classes	Distinguishing^c Ascertaining^c Breakthrough^c Rediscovering^c Detecting^c FindingAPhysicalObject^c UnearthingInformation^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColumbusDiscoveringAmerica

Discreet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discreet`
Description	`Corresponds to part of (prudent) adjective sense 1 of 'discreet' in Wordnet: 1. discreet - (marked by prudence or modesty and wise self-restraint; 'his trusted discreet aide'; 'a discreet, finely wrought gold necklace')`
Super-classes	Prudent^c
Sub-classes	Tightlipped^c

Discreetly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discreetly

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'discreetly' in WordNet:
          1. (1) discreetly - (with discretion; prudently and with wise self-restraint; 
              'I sent for the sergeant of the platoon both men were in and asked him 
              to try to find out discreetly what lay behind this')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Discreetness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discreetness`
Description	''Discreetness'' is a type of 'GoodJudgment' in knowing how to avoid making errors in social situations. Knowing how to exercise caution in social matters, to avoid offending or embarrassing anyone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discreetness' and senses 2 and 5 of 'discretion' in WordNet: 1. discretion, discreetness, circumspection, prudence - (knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; 'the servants showed great tact and discretion') WN noun 'discretion': 5. discretion, discernment - (the trait of judging wisely and objectively; 'a man of discernment') WN noun 'circumspection': 2. circumspection, caution - (the trait of being circumspect and prudent) WN noun 'prudence': 1. (1) prudence - (discretion in practical affairs)
Super-classes	GoodJudgment^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Discreet^c
Sub-classes	BeingPennyPinching^c ConfidentialityTrait^c Prudence^c

Discrepancy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discrepancy`
Description	A ''Discrepancy'' is a Difference (An Attribute of an ordered pair) between an attribute observed and the corresponding attribute either (1) expected for observing the same thing, or (2) for some other thing that should have the same attribute value. This is an ordered pair of attribute values, and the first element of the Pair is that which is currently observed, and the second element is that which is expected, or that of the item to which the current observation is being compared. The value of the 'hasFirstElement' relation on an instance of ''Discrepancy'' will be the currently observed value, and the value of the 'hasSecondElement' relation will be the expected value - expected includes any comparison with a reference entity that is being compared. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'discrepancy' (for attributes or observations, not opinions) in WordNet: 1. (5) discrepancy, disagreement, divergence, variance - (a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions; 'a growing divergence of opinion')
Super-classes	Difference^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op value ExpectedValue^c hasFirstElement^op value ObservedValue^c

Discrete^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discrete

Description

''Discrete'' is an attribute of two or more instances of 'Different' things that are different in being perceptibly separated from each other by some interval of time or space (physical or abstract) .

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'discrete' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) discrete, distinct - (constituting a separate entity or part; 
              'a government with three discrete divisions'; 'on two distinct occasions')

Super-classes Separate^c

Discretionary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discretionary`
Description	''Discretionary'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are not forbidden or contrary to some order fomr an authority; an Action that an agent can choose or not choose without external pressure. `@ToDo: In WN the gloss uses this to characterize 'power' - this usage needs to be reviewed to see how it can be represented. Perhaps 'discretionary power and discretionary authority need to be represented as types? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'discretionary' in Wordnet: 1. (1) discretionary, discretional - (having or using the ability to act or decide according to your own discretion or judgment; 'The commission has discretionary power to award extra funds')`
Super-classes	NotAgainstSomeRule^c
Sub-classes	Arbitrary^c

Discriminating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discriminating

Description

''Discriminating'' is a form of ''Selective'' in which an ''IntentionalAgent'' uses some careful criterion to select the thing(s) to do, use, get, or associate with.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'discriminating' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) discriminating - (showing or indicating careful judgment
           and discernment especially in matters of taste; 
             'the discriminating eye of the connoisseur')

Super-classes Selective^c

DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup`
Description	''DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup'' is a ''PreferentialTreatment'' in which some Person or GroupOfPeople treats members of a GroupOfPeople, usually members of a minority group, in a way different from others so that the Person discriminate against harmed in some way, as by being refused service or a job, or not allowed to use facilities available to others. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'discriminate' in WordNet: 2. (1) discriminate, separate, single out - (treat differently on the basis of sex or race) WN noun 'discrimination': 1. (6) discrimination, favoritism, favouritism - (unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice)`
Super-classes	WrongingSomeone^c PreferentialTreatment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Unjust^c hadAgentHarmed^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Segregating^c

Discrimination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discrimination`
Description	''Discrimination'' is a ''BehaviorTowardOthers'' in which one person or group of people act in a way that harms others for no justifiable reason typically caused by some intuitive prejudice which may not even be explicitly recognized by the person performing a discriminatory act. `Common discrimination may be against foreigners, minority groups, women, or any other group toward which a person harbors some negative feelings. This is a 'discrimination' against a person,not a 'discrimination' between things of different types. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discrimination' in WordNet: 1. (6) discrimination, favoritism, favouritism - (unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice)`
Super-classes	BehaviorTowardOthers^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	Linguicism^c Ableism^c

Discursive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discursive

Description

''Discursive'' is an AttributeValue of Speaking or Writing or of the resulting prolonged ''Discourse'' or text.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'discursive' in WordNet:
         2. digressive, discursive, excursive, rambling - ((of e.g. speech and writing) 
            tending to depart from the main point or cover a wide range of subjects; 
            'amusingly digressive with satirical thrusts at women's fashions among other things';
            'a rambling discursive book'; 'his excursive remarks'; 'a rambling speech about this and that')

Super-classes Prolonged^c

Discus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discus`
Description	The disk-shaped object thrown in the sport of the discus throw. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'discus' in WordNet: 2. discus, saucer - (a disk used in throwing competitions)`
Super-classes	Device-SingleUser^c Device-UserPowered^c Disk^c SportsEquipment^c Device-UserControlled^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 23.0^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 18.0^c hasMassInGrams^dp value 2000.0^c

Discussion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Discussion`
Description	Each Discussion is a Conversation in which there is more than one statement by each of at least two participants on some topic; the statements need not be only oral, they can occur as in an email exchange, but should be communicated back and forth with little time lag. Usually a discussion involves multiple exhanges of information or opinions. A 'discussion' within a single written document is not included in this sense, but a discussion can be conducted by exchanging written documents. An exchange of postal mail letters on some topic is a borderline incoluded example of 'Discussion'. The restrictions require that (1) each instance of Discussion specify at least one topic discussed; and (2) some Topic is introduced for discussion. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'discussion' and verb sense 2 of 'discuss' (for verb sense 1 use ''Mentioning'') in WordNet: 2. (25) discussion, give-and-take, word - (an exchange of views on some topic; 'we had a good discussion'; 'we had a word or two about it') WN verb 'discuss': 2. (30) hash out, discuss, talk over - (speak with others about (something); talk (something) over in detail; have a discussion; 'We discussed our household budget') 1. (58) discourse, talk about, discuss - (to consider or examine in speech or writing; 'The article covered all the different aspects of this question'; 'The class discussed Dante's 'Inferno'')
Super-classes	Conversation^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c hasSubEvent^op value RaisingaTopic^c
Sub-classes	Debate^c Negotiating^c Conferring^c Dialogue^c

DiscussionForum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiscussionForum`
Description	A ''DiscussionForum'' is a ''FormalMeeting'' held to allow members of the public to ask questions of a moderator or group of 'panelists' or to answer questions from a moderator or panelists. `Not every meeting that allows questons is a ''DiscussionForum'' - the questons have to be the main purpose and bulk of time of the ''DiscussionForum'', not presentations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forum' in WordNet: 1. forum - (a public meeting or assembly for open discussion)`
Super-classes	FormalMeeting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Public^c hasSubEvent^op value Discussion^c

Disease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disease`
Description	A ''Disease'' is any abnormal ''OrganismCondition'' in any Plant of Animal (not for microorganisms) that impairs some function of the Organism. `NOTE: the distinction between diseases of Animals and those of Plants are not obvious in WordNet or CYC. This generic''Disease'' covers both. The subtypes ''AnimalDisease''and ''PlantDisease''are more specific. Note also that ''AilmentCOndition'' applie only to animals, so it is not a parent of this type, which includes plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disease' in WordNet: 1. (27) disease - (an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning)`
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c PhysiologicalCondition^c OrganismCondition^c BadThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Harmful^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c isCausedBy^op value Malfunctioning^c
Sub-classes	AnimalDisease^c PlantDisease^c Pneumonia^c

DiseaseCarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiseaseCarrier`
Description	NOTE: a ''DiseaseCarrier'' does not necessarily have any ''MedicalSymptom'', and does not have to be immune (as indicated in the WN gloss). A Person can be a 'carrier' at any stage of having a contagious disease, before developing immunity. The concept of 'immune carrier' could be broken out as a subtype. `RHW 'carrier' 8. Immunol. an individual harboring specific pathogenic organisms who, though often immune to the agent harbored, may transmit the disease to others. Includes but is broader than noun sense 9 of 'carrier' in WordNet: 9. carrier, immune carrier - ((medicine) a person (or animal) who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to others)`
Super-classes	Animal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Infectious^c

DiseaseGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiseaseGroup`
Description	A ''DiseaseGroup'' is a ''Group'' of ''Disease''s. This can represent multiple ''Disease''s in one Organism, or a particular type of ''Disease' in multiple Organisms, as in an ''Epidemic''.
Super-classes	Group^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only AnimalDisease^c
Sub-classes	Epidemic^c

DiseaseProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiseaseProcess`
Description	A DiseaseProcess is a PhysicalProcess (not an Event) which, over some period of time, results in an AilmentCondition (i.e. illness, sickness, disease), which is a PersistentState that has a starting and ending point in time.
Super-classes	PhysicalProcess^c

DiseaseVector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiseaseVector`
Description	A ''DiseaseVector'' is an Organism (often an insect) that can carry an infectious disease ad transmit it to other Organisms. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vector' in WordNet: 3. vector, transmitter - (any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease; 'mosquitos are vectors of malaria and yellow fever'; 'fleas are vectors of the plague'; 'aphids are transmitters of plant diseases'; 'when medical scientists talk about vectors they are usually talking about insects')`
Super-classes	Organism^c AgentInRole^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasRoleFiller^op only Organism^c

Diseased^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diseased

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diseased' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) diseased, morbid, pathologic, pathological - 
            (caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; 
            'diseased tonsils'; 'a morbid growth'; 'pathologic tissue'; 'pathological bodily processes')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Disempowering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disempowering`
Description	''Disempowering'' is a ''Depriving'' of Power or rights by any means, usually some action of a government or other authority. RHW 'disempower': to deprive of influence, importance, etc.: Voters feel they have become disempowered by recent political events. `No WN sense for this concept.`
Super-classes	Depriving^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value HavingaPower^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Powerless^c

Disenchanted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disenchanted

Description

To become 'Disenchanted'' is to lose one's ''Illusion''s about some topic(s). WN gloss for 'disenchanted' specifies 'freed from enchantment' but the common sense of 'enchantment' refers to a form of loving a Person, and this type is for ErroneousBeliefs, not emotions. That form of 'enchantment' needs a different representation. The RHW definition includes 'enchantment' in the sense intended here - ilusions or credulity.

         RHW 'disenchant' to rid of or free from enchantment, illusion, credulity, etc.; 
             disillusion: The harshness of everyday reality disenchanted him of his idealistic

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disenchanted' in Wordnet:
         1. disenchanted - (freed from enchantment)
       WN 'disillusioned':
          1. disillusioned, enlightened - (freed from illusion)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Disenchanting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disenchanting`
Description	''Disenchanting'' is a transitive Action in which some Agent loses some ''Illusion'' (a false belief) by some Event (possibly by some action such as being informed of something by another Person). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disenchant' in WordNet: 1. disenchant, disillusion - (free from enchantment)`
Super-classes	LosingSomething^c BecomingDisappointed^c Enlightening^c
Restrictions	hasThingLost^op value Illusion^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Disenchantment^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Disenchanted^c

Disenchantment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disenchantment`
Description	''Disenchantment'' is a form of ''Edification'' that allows a Person to recognize past ''ErroneousBelief''s and assimilate the new information into a larger view of some topic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disenchantment' in WordNet: 1. disenchantment, disillusion, disillusionment - (freeing from false belief or illusions)`
Super-classes	Edification^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Disenchanting^c

Disengaging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disengaging`
Description	''Disengaging'' is broadly applicable intentional Action that severs the connection between two things or Groups of things, including ''PhysicalObject''s and "GroupOfPeople''s `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disengage' in WordNet: 1. (1) disengage, withdraw - (release from something that holds fast, connects, or entangles; 'I want to disengage myself from his influence'; 'disengage the gears')`
Super-classes	Relinquishing^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	removes^op only (Connection-Physical^c or HumanRelationship^c or Membership^c)

Disequilibrium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disequilibrium`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disequilibrium' in WordNet: 1. disequilibrium - (loss of equilibrium attributable to an unstable situation in which some forces outweigh others) WN noun 'instability': 3. imbalance, instability, unbalance - (a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium; 'a hormonal imbalance')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unbalanced^c causes^op value Instability^c

Disgruntled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disgruntled`
Description	''Disgruntled'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is ''Dissatisfied'' to the point where it puts that Person into a ''BadMood''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disgruntled' in Wordnet: 1. disgruntled, dissatisfied - (in a state of sulky dissatisfaction)`
Super-classes	Dissatisfied^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c

Disgruntling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disgruntling`
Description	''Disgruntling'' is a ''DissatisfyingEvent'' that `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disgruntle' in WordNet: 1. disgruntle - (put into a bad mood or into bad humour; 'The employees were disgruntled by their bad working conditions')`
Super-classes	UnpleasantEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BadMood^c causesMentalEventType^op value BadMood^c

Disguise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disguise

Description

A ''Disguise'' is some item or combination of items worn on a person's body to conceal that person's identity by making her/him look like someone else, such as a mask or makeup or some artcle of clothing that can misrepresent the identity of a Person. This is not for disguising inanimate objects to look different (e.g. camouflaging) or for the makeup worn by actors to look like the person they are portraying (which would need another subtype of ''GenericDisguise'').

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disguise' in WordNet:
           2. disguise - (any attire that modifies the appearance in 
                order to conceal the wearer's identity)

Super-classes ArtifactObject^c
SomethingToWear^c

Disguising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disguising`
Description	''Disguising'' is the action of changing the appearance of something to make it look like something else. This can be for inanimate objects as well as people. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 and part of verb sense 1 of 'disguise' (for physical appearance) in WordNet: 1. (1) disguise - (make unrecognizable; 'The herb disguises the garlic taste'; 'We disguised our faces before robbing the bank') WN noun 'disguise' 3. disguise, camouflage - (the act of concealing the identity of something by modifying its appearance; "he is a master of disguise")`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value Disguise^c
Sub-classes	Camouflaging^c

Disgust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disgust`
Description	A feeling of repulsion or aversion towards something considered distasteful or repugnant. This is a #$Collection - - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Disgust include feelings of #$Abhorrence. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disgust' in WordNet: 1. (1) disgust - (strong feelings of dislike)`
Super-classes	Dislike^c
Sub-classes	Revulsion^c

Disgusted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disgusted

Description

''Disgusted'' is the attribute of a Person who is feeling ''Disgst''. This can be a temporary or longer lasting state.

      In CYC this attribute is the person feelng disgust, here in COSMO
        it is the attribute of such a Person.
          CYC: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each
            instance is an agent in the emotional state of being
            disgusted. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction
            to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional
            state to some varying degree.

       This is broader than  adjective sense 1 of 'disgusted' (not just
          being tired of something, but actually experiening a Feeling of disgust) in Wordnet:
          1. (2) disgusted, fed up, sick, sick of, tired of - 
           (having a strong distaste from surfeit; 'grew more and more disgusted';
              'fed up with their complaints'; 'sick of it all'; 
              'sick to death of flattery'; 'gossip that makes one sick'; 
              'tired of the noise and smoke')

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Disgusting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disgusting

Description

''Disgusting'' is an attribute of things (objects or events) that provoke ''Disgust''.

  Approximate opposite of ''Admirable''??  WN antonym = 'inoffensive'

 This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'disgusting' and adjective
    sense 1 of 'revolting' and includes sense 1 of 'repugnant' in WordNet.
     1. disgusting, disgustful, distasteful, foul, loathly, loathsome, repellent,
        repellant, repelling, revolting, skanky, wicked, yucky -
        (highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust; 'a disgusting smell';
        'distasteful language'; 'a loathsome disease'; 'the idea of eating meat is repellent to me'; 
        'revolting food'; 'a wicked stench')
    WN 'repugnant':
      1. abhorrent, detestable, obscene, repugnant, repulsive - (offensive to the mind; 
        'an abhorrent deed'; 'the obscene massacre at Wounded Knee'; 'morally repugnant customs';
        'repulsive behavior'; 'the most repulsive character in recent novels')

Super-classes VeryBad^c
Awful^c

DisgustingPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisgustingPerformance`
Description	A ''DisgustingPerformance'' is an ''EntertainmentPerformance'' that is intentionally ''Disgusting''. Other than those by ''Geek''s, this is uncommon.
Super-classes	EntertainmentPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disgusting^c isPerformedBy^op value Geek^c perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value Disgust^c

Dish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dish`
Description	SUMO: A 'Holder' for 'Food' while the 'Food' is being eaten. Note that this is a nearly flat dish, not a bowl or cup. This type includes wooden,metal, plastic, and glass Dishes. Dishes that are made of ceramic would also be instances of 'China-Dinnerware' RHW sense 1: an open, relatively shallow container of pottery, glass, metal, wood, etc., used for various purposes, esp. for holding or serving food. NOTE that 'Plate' is a subtype of 'Dish'; in COSMO a 'Plate' is a type of Dish that is intended to be the shallow container from which one actually eats solid foods (as contrasted with serving food). This seems to be the sense in RHW: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dish' in Wordnet: 1. (9) dish - (a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food; 'we gave them a set of dishes for a wedding present')
Super-classes	NearlyFlatHolder^c SmallObject^c EatingVessel^c Tableware^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c
Sub-classes	Platter^c Plate^c CasseroleDish^c

DishCloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DishCloth`
Description	A ''PieceOfCloth'' used for washing dishes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dishcloth' in Wordnet: 1. dishrag, dishcloth - (a cloth for washing dishes)`
Super-classes	PieceOfCloth^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value WashingDishes^c

DishOfFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DishOfFood`
Description	A ''DishOfFood'' is a FoodObject that consists of one type of food, and, if a meal has more than one 'course', would be one of the courses.. Broadly used to include any type of food considered as having distinctive properties in itsef. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dish' in WordNet: 2. (3) dish - (a particular item of prepared food; 'she prepared a special dish for dinner')`
Super-classes	FoodObject^c PleasantThing^c Role^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Meal^c
Sub-classes	SushiDish^c Casserole^c Curry^c Fondue^c SpareRibs^c Turnover^c CourseOfAMeal^c Souffle^c SideDish^c Pizza^c LasagnaServing^c

DishPan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DishPan`
Description	A ''DishPan'' is a large-ish ''Pan'' large enough to be used to hold water and place dishes and other ''FoodUtensil''s in it to be washed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dishpan' in Wordnet: 1. dishpan - (large pan for washing dishes)`
Super-classes	Pan^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value WashingDishes^c

DishTowel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DishTowel

Description

A small, approximately one-square-foot, towel-like cloth used in the kitchen, usually for drying dishes or hands. Not a #$DishRag.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dish towel' in WordNet:
          1. dishtowel, dish towel, tea towel - (a towel for drying dishes)

Super-classes ClothTowel^c

Dishes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dishes`
Description	This 'Dishes' is the group of objects referred to when one 'does the dishes' i.e. washes the tableware after a Meal - including any kind of ''Tableware''.
Super-classes	Tableware^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Tableware^c

Dishonest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dishonest`
Description	An AttributeValue of people who are disposed (at least momentarily) to tell a lie or to steal or to cheat or defraud other people. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'dishonest' in WordNet: 1. (1) dishonest, dishonorable - (deceptive or fraudulent; disposed to cheat or defraud or deceive) 2. dishonest - (lacking honesty and oblivious to what is honorable)`
Super-classes	Improper^c
Sub-classes	Untruthful^c Corrupt^c

Dishonesty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dishonesty`
Description	''Dishonesty'' is any act in which one Person lies, steals, cheats, or obtains property from another under false pretenses. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dishonesty' in WordNet: 2. dishonesty, knavery - (lack of honesty; acts of lying or cheating or stealing)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoing^c ViolatingAnObligation^c UnethicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dishonest^c violatesRule^op some (MoralPrinciple^c or PropositionType^c or SpecificationType^c or ObligationType^c)
Sub-classes	Corruption-Activity^c Evasiveness^c

Dishwasher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dishwasher`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dishwasher' in WordNet: 1. (1) dishwasher, dish washer, dishwashing machine - (a machine for washing dishes)`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c ElectricalDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c CleaningDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value WashingDishes^c

Disincentive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disincentive`
Description	A ''Disincentive'' is a ''RationaleForAction'' (a ''Motive'') that refers to a ''FutureSituation'' that is a ''BadThing'' (something ''Undesirable'') thereby motivating avoidance) `The 'IncentivizingPromisedAction' is a 'UndesirableThing' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disincentive' in WordNet: 1. disincentive, deterrence - (a negative motivational influence)`
Super-classes	RationaleForAction^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some IncentivizingPromisedAction^c refersToExternalEntity^op some UndesirableThing^c mayCause^op value AvoidanceAction^c

Disinclination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disinclination`
Description	''Disinclination'' is a ''Feeling'' of 'Reluctance'' due to some form of 'dislike' or 'disapproval' of the Action suggested. `NOTE" 'disinclination' is here broken out of the ''Reluctance'' synset, to add the notion that the Person experiencing ''Disinclination'' has some reason, such as dislike or disapproval. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'disinclination' in WordNet: 2. reluctance, hesitancy, hesitation, disinclination, indisposition - (a certain degree of unwillingness; 'a reluctance to commit himself'; 'his hesitancy revealed his basic indisposition'; 'after some hesitation he agreed')`
Super-classes	Reluctance^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Disinclined^c

Disinclined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disinclined

Description

''Disinclined'' is the attribute of someone who is 'reluctant' to do something

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disinclined' in Wordnet:
         1. disinclined - (unwilling because of mild dislike or disapproval; 
              'disinclined to say anything to anybody')

Super-classes Reluctant^c

Disinfectant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disinfectant

Description

A ''Disinfectant'' is a substance that can kill microorganisms on contact. It is used to reduce the level of pathogenic or otherwise harmful microorganisms where they are not wanted,(especially on surfaces) but it is not used internally, as disinfectants may be poisonous when ingested.

       Corresponds to *part* (fr substances) of noun sense 1 of 'disinfectant' in WordNet:
         1. disinfectant, germicide, antimicrobic, antimicrobial - 
            (an agent (as heat or radiation or a chemical) that destroys
            microorganisms that might carry disease)

Super-classes PhysicalSubstance^c

Disinfecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disinfecting`
Description	''Disinfecting'' is a ''CleaningEvent'' whose purpose is to kill any microorganisms (especially pathogenic ones) in or on some PhysicalObject. The term 'disinfect' usually refers to killing microorganisms on or near the surface of some Object, often part of the human body, or objects such as door knobs or handles that are touched by multiple people and can serve to transmit infectious diseases. For the narrower included sensse of killing microorganisms inside a volume of liquid or a chamber, use the subtype ''Sterilizing''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disinfect' in WordNet: 1. disinfect - (destroy microorganisms or pathogens by cleansing; 'disinfect a wound')`
Super-classes	Killing^c CleaningEvent^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value Disinfectant^c hadOrganismKilled^op value MicroLifeForm^c hadObjectCleaned^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Sterilizing^c

Disinflation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disinflation

Description

'Disinflation' is a 'Deflation' caused intentionally by government authorities, to improve the balance of payments.

       RHW: 'Econ. a period or process of slowing the rate of inflation'

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disinflation' in WordNet:
        1. disinflation - (a reduction of prices intended to improve the balance of payments)

Super-classes Inflation^c

Disinheriting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disinheriting`
Description	''Disinheriting'' is a ''Depriving'' of some Person of some form of Property (Assets) where the Person deprived would normally be an Heir to some part of the estate of the Person doing the ''Disinheriting''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disinherit' in WordNet: 1. disinherit, disown - (prevent deliberately (as by making a will) from inheriting)`
Super-classes	Depriving^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value InheritingProperty^c

Disintegrating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disintegrating`
Description	''Disintegrating'' is a specific subtype of ''ComingApart'' in which the Event results in multiple parts of the whole ''PhysicalObject'' separating from each other. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disintegrate' in WordNet: 1. (2) disintegrate - (break into parts or components or lose cohesion or unity; 'The material disintegrated'; 'the group disintegrated after the leader died') WN noun 'disintegration': 2. dissolution, disintegration - (separation into component parts)`
Super-classes	Decaying^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	DissolvingSomething^c Dissolving^c

Disk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disk`
Description	Any disk-shaped object, such as a wheel or a CD or a phonograph record, or a dinner plate or a round wearable button - the latter two being only approximately disk-shaped. But a shallow soup bowl is not flat enough to qualify as a Disk. A borderline case would be a wheel like a vehicle tire. `Includes noun senses 2, and 3 of 'disk' in Wordnet; sense 3 is the subtype ''VinylRecord'': in WordNet: 2. (4) disk, disc - (a flat circular plate) 3. phonograph record, phonograph recording, record, disk, disc, platter - (sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove)`
Super-classes	FlatObject^c RoundObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c hasShape^op value RotationallySymmetric^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value DiskGeometrical^c
Sub-classes	MetalDisk^c Wheel^c DeviceDial^c VinylRecord^c OpticalDisk^c Discus^c GameChip^c Cymbal^c MagneticDisk^c Frisbee^c PinnableButton^c

DiskDrive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiskDrive`
Description	Includes optical disk drives - a traditional 'hard drive' should be a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disk drive' in WordNet: 1. disk drive, disc drive, hard drive, Winchester drive - (computer hardware that holds and spins a magnetic or optical disk and reads and writes information on it)`
Super-classes	ComputerStorageDevice^c ComputerPeripheralDevice^c
Sub-classes	FloppyDiskDrive^c

DiskGeometrical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiskGeometrical`
Description	A Geometrical, abstract disk. NOTE: this is a 'shape', not a PhysicalObject. `Corresponds to part (for the abstract object or shape) of noun sense 1 of 'disk' in WordNet: 1. (12) disk, disc, saucer - (something with a round shape like a flat circular plate)`
Super-classes	ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Disk^c

DiskJockey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiskJockey`
Description	A ''DiskJockey'' plays recorded music for an audience, and often makes comments between the recordnings. This Person is categorized as a ''Musician'' although the only 'musical instrument' played may be the record player. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disk jockey' in WordNet: 1. disk jockey, disc jockey, dj - (a person who announces and plays popular recorded music)`
Super-classes	Musician^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV^c

DiskShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiskShaped

Description

Attribute of an object that is thin in one dimension and circular in the other two dimensions, with the thin dimension less than one-tenth the length of the diameter of the circle.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disk-shaped' in Wordnet:
            1. discoid, discoidal, disklike, disclike, disk-shaped, disc-shaped -
              (having a flat circular shape)

Super-classes Circular^c
SheetLike^c

Diskette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diskette`
Description	A #$ComputerDiskType. Each instance of #$FloppyDisk is a circular piece of thin, #$Flexible magnetic material in a square plastic cover. #$FloppyDisks are used to record and store computer data. Notable specializations are #$FiveAndAQuarterInchFloppyDisk and #$ThreeAndAHalfInchFloppyDisk. NOTE: the small high density diskettes in rigid holders are not 'floppy'. These might be better represented as a subtype. NOTE that the magnetic component is disk-shaped, but the whole Device represented here is usually packaged in a square holder, which is the object inserted and removed from a ''DiskDrive''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floppy disk' in WordNet: 1. diskette, floppy, floppy disk - (a small plastic magnetic disk enclosed in a stiff envelope with a radial slit; used to store data or programs for a microcomputer; 'floppy disks are noted for their relatively slow speed and small capacity and low price')
Super-classes	ComputerStorageDevice^c MagneticDevice^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value DiskDrive^c

Dislike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dislike`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Dislike is some agent's feeling of disaffection or disaffinity for an agent, event, or thing. Instances of #$Dislike vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, and/or the object of dislike. Specializations of #$Dislike include #$Contempt, #$Hate, and #$Disgust. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dislike' in Wordnet: 2. (2) dislike - (a feeling of aversion or antipathy; 'my dislike of him was instinctive')`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Disgust^c Antipathy^c Resentment^c Contempt^c Alienation^c Hatred^c

Disliking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disliking`
Description	A ''HavingaDislike'' is ''HavingaFeeling'', a stative Event during which some 'Person' has a ''Feeling''. This differs from the ''Feeling'' in that it does not focus on the ''Feeling'' itself, but on the consequences or implications of the state of having that Feeling. `The same consequences or implications may be assigned to the Feeling itself, and this is only subtly different from the Feeling itself, but seems to be distinguishable.`
Super-classes	HavingaFeeling^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Dislike^c mayCause^op value NotWantingAnAction^c

Dislocated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dislocated`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dislocated' in Wordnet: 1. disjointed, dislocated, separated - (separated at the joint; 'a dislocated knee'; 'a separated shoulder')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Damaged^c

DislocatingaBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DislocatingaBone`
Description	''DislocatingaBone'' is an action (usually some impact) causing a ''Dislocation''. NOTE: this type includes both transitive and intransitive senses (a in the WN synset). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dislocate' in WordNet: 1. dislocate, luxate, splay, slip - (move out of position; 'dislocate joints'; 'the artificial hip joint luxated and had to be put back surgically')`
Super-classes	IncurringDamage^c CausingaNegativeSituation^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Dislocation^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Dislocated^c hadAgentHarmed^op some Person^c hadThingAffected^op some Bone^c

Dislocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dislocation`
Description	A ''Dislocation'' is an ''Injury-Object'' in which some ''BodyPart'' is moved from its normal position. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'dislocation' in WordNet: 3. dislocation - (a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column))`
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dislocated^c hasSymptom^op value SharpPain^c hadAffectedBodypart^op value Bone^c

Dislodging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dislodging`
Description	''Dislodging'' is an Action that moves something that is resting in a Place into a different location, which is usually near to the starting position. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dislodge' in WordNet: 1. (2) dislodge, free - (remove or force out from a position; 'The dentist dislodged the piece of food that had been stuck under my gums'; 'He finally could free the legs of the earthquake victim who was buried in the rubble')`
Super-classes	WithdrawingAnObject^c
Restrictions	removes^op value SolidObject^c

Disloyal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disloyal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disloyal' in Wordnet: 1. unpatriotic, disloyal - (showing lack of love for your country)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Treasonous^c

Disloyalty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disloyalty`
Description	''Disloyalty'' is the ''Quality'' of a Person who violates an oath or obligation of 'loyalty' to some other Person or organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disloyalty' in WordNet: 1. (2) disloyalty - (the quality of being disloyal)`
Super-classes	Infidelity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Disloyal^c

Dismaying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dismaying

Description

''Dismaying'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events) that cause a reaction of 'alarm; or 'dismay' or 'consternation'.. See also related 'Appalling''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alarming' in Wordnet:
        1. alarming - (causing alarm or fear)
     WN adj 'appalling':
          1. (4) appalling, dismaying - (causing consternation; 'appalling conditions')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Dismissing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dismissing

Description

'Dismissing' is an intentional Action in which an Agent decides that something is of no significance - it goes beyond Ignoring to a point of conscious judging that something should be ignored.

     This corresponds to sense 2 verb 'ignore' and sense 1 of 
     'dismiss' in WordNet:
      2. (14) dismiss, disregard, brush aside, brush off, discount, push aside, ignore -
         (bar from attention or consideration; 'She dismissed his advances')

Super-classes Ignoring^c

Dismissive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dismissive

Description

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'dismissive' in Wordnet:
          1. dismissive - (showing indifference or disregard; 'a dismissive shrug')
          2. dismissive - (tending to dismiss or reject; 'a dismissive gesture')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Disobedience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disobedience`
Description	Each instance of ''Disobedience'' is a PersistentState in which some 'IntentionalAgent' refrains from performing an Action demanded by some ''Authority''. `When performed by a child in defiance of a parent or other authority, it may be considered as ''Naughtiness'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disobedience' in Wordnet: 1. (7) disobedience, noncompliance - (the failure to obey)`
Super-classes	Refraining^c
Sub-classes	Defiance^c

Disobedient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disobedient`
Description	'Disobedient' is an attribute of a person who either in one instance or habitually refuses to obey the demands of another person; the attribute of a person who performs an act of 'Disobedience'. As a subtype of 'bad behavior' this is subsumed under ''Naughty''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'disobedient' in WordNet: 1. (2) disobedient - (not obeying or complying with commands of those in authority; 'disobedient children') 2. disobedient, unruly - (unwilling to submit to authority; 'unruly teenagers')`
Super-classes	Naughty^c Unruly^c
Sub-classes	Bratty^c Rebellious^c

Disobeying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disobeying`
Description	''Disobeying'' is a ''Refusing' to obey an order. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disobey' in WordNet: 1. (4) disobey - (refuse to go along with; refuse to follow; be disobedient; 'He disobeyed his supervisor and was fired')`
Super-classes	Refusing^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some Ordering^c
Sub-classes	Balking^c

Disorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disorder`
Description	A PersistentState without ''Orderliness'', in which the arrangement of objects is not as expected or as intended, or where multiple things do not conform to a rule. `This type represents a 'low level' of ''Orderliness''; for a complete Absence.of ''Orderliness' use subtype ''Chaos''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disorder' in WordNet: 2. disorderliness, disorder - (a condition in which things are not in their expected places; 'the files are in complete disorder')`
Super-classes	Absence^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isaLowLevelOf^op value Orderliness^c
Sub-classes	Chaos^c Clutter^c Unrest^c Anarchy^c

Disordering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disordering`
Description	This is for undoing the 'order' of some ''ObjectGroup'' so that it no longer has a definable 'order', although it may have been disordered to start. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'disorder' in WordNet: 2. disorder, disarray - (bring disorder to)`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value ObjectGroup^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Unordered^c
Sub-classes	Disarranging^c

DisorderingChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisorderingChange`
Description	''DisorderingChange'' is a change from relatively Tidy to relatively Untidy.
Super-classes	AttributeTypeChange^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeAfter^op value Untidy^c hadAttributeTypeChanged^op value Appearance^c hasAttributeBefore^op value Tidy^c

Disorderly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disorderly`
Description	"unordered" Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disorderly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disorderly - (undisciplined and unruly; 'disorderly youths'; 'disorderly conduct')
Super-classes	Unorganized^c
Sub-classes	Haphazard^c Boisterous^c Disruptive^c

DisorderlyActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisorderlyActivity`
Description	An activity characterized by some GroupOfPeople having some form of conflict that inhibits orderly activity (''PurposefulAction'') by the group. This type of action occurs when some organized orderly process is expected to occur and is interrupted. The magnitude of the disturbance can be small or large. For larger disturbances use subtype ''Havoc'' Includes noun sense 3 of 'disorder' and sense 3 of 'disturbance, and noun sense 2 of 'incident' in Wordnet: 3. disorder - (a disturbance of the peace or of public order) WN noun 'disturbance': 3. (1) disturbance, disruption, commotion, flutter, hurly burly, to-do, hoo-ha, hoo-hah, kerfuffle - (a disorderly outburst or tumult; 'they were amazed by the furious disturbance they had caused') 5. (1) disturbance - (the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion) WN noun 'incident': 2. incident - (a public disturbance; 'the police investigated an incident at the bus station')
Super-classes	HumanGroupActivity^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value PurposefulAction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disorderly^c
Sub-classes	Turmoil^c Fuss^c Pandemonium^c Havoc^c Uproar^c

Disorganized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disorganized

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disorganized' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) disorganized, disorganised - (lacking order or 
          methodical arrangement or function; 'a disorganized enterprise';
          'a thousand pages of muddy and disorganized prose'; 'she was too disorganized
          to be an agreeable roommate')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Disoriented^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disoriented

Description

''Disoriented'' is an intensive

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disoriented' in Wordnet:
          1. confused, disoriented, lost - (having lost your bearings; confused 
             as to time or place or personal identity;
             'I frequently find myself disoriented when I come up out of the subway';
             'the anesthetic left her completely disoriented')

Super-classes Baffled^c

DisorientingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisorientingaPerson`
Description	''DisorientingaPerson'' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disorient' in WordNet: 1. disorient, disorientate - (cause to be lost or disoriented)`
Super-classes	CauseConfusion^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Disoriented^c

Disparagement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disparagement`
Description	Each ''Disparagement'' is a ''DisrespectfulComment'' that is the information content of the message produced by a ''DisparagingAction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disparagement' in WordNet: 1. (1) disparagement, depreciation, derogation - (a communication that belittles somebody or something)`
Super-classes	DisrespectfulComment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disrespectful^c
Sub-classes	Slur^c

Disparaging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disparaging

Description

A ''Disparaging'' comment is ''Disrespectful'' while expressing a low opinion of something, usually a ''Person''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disparaging' in Wordnet:
       1. derogative, derogatory, disparaging -
           (expressive of low opinion; 'derogatory comments';
              'disparaging remarks about the new house')

Super-classes Disrespectful^c

DisparagingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisparagingAction`
Description	Each ''DisparagingAction'' is a ''Criticizing'' intended to assert not only that there are major faults in another's behavior or ideas, but to imply that the Person doing that behavior or proposing those ideas is inferior in some intellectual or moral capacity. `Corresponds approximately (expresses a stronger negative attitude than) verb sense 1 of 'disparage' in WordNet: 1. disparage, belittle, pick at - (express a negative opinion of; 'She disparaged her student's efforts') WN noun 'disparagement' 2. disparagement, dispraise - (the act of speaking contemptuously of) WN verb 'deprecate': 2. deprecate, depreciate, vilipend - (belittle; 'The teacher should not deprecate his student's efforts')`
Super-classes	Criticizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Disparagement^c
Sub-classes	VerballyAbusingSomeone^c

Disparate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disparate

Description

'Disparate' is a more intense degree of ''Different''

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disparate' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) disparate - (fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind; 
           'such disparate attractions as grand opera and game fishing'; 'disparate ideas')

Super-classes Different^c

Disparity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disparity`
Description	A ''Disparity'' is a type of ''Inequality'' between two or more Groups. RHW: lack of similarity or equality; inequality; difference: a disparity in age; disparity in rank. The term 'disparity' is often used to refer to inequality of social starus between groups of people, expecially rich and poor: RHW 'inequality': 2. social disparity: inequality between the rich and the poor. The parent type ''Inequality'' is the general type of any two or more things being 'unequal' in any respect. This subtype ''Disparity'' is used to represent the more specific type of ''Inequality'' between two or more ''GroupOfPeople''s (usually two) with respect to living conditions, typically due to differences in income and/or wealth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disparity' in WordNet: 1. disparity - (inequality or difference in some respect)
Super-classes	Inequality^c
Restrictions	subjectsHaveDifference^op some DifferenceInSocialStates^c isPerformedBy^op some TwoHumanGroups^c

Dispatcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dispatcher`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dispatcher' in WordNet: 2. dispatcher - (employee of a transportation company who controls the departures of vehicles according to weather conditions and in the interest of efficient service)`
Super-classes	Employee^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value TransportationCompany^c performsAction^op value DispatchingVehicles^c

DispatchingVehicles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DispatchingVehicles`
Description	''DispatchingVehicles'' is a broad sense of ''SendingSomething'' where the ''Something'' is one or more ''TransportationDevice-Vehicle''s, and the Person doing this controls the place and time of the transporting. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dispatch' in WordNet: 1. (5) dispatch, despatch, send off - (send away towards a designated goal)`
Super-classes	SendingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c isPerformedBy^op value Dispatcher^c

Dispenser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dispenser`
Description	A container for storing and conveniently dispensing substances or objects (as in vending machines) in any of various forms - liquid, paste, semisolid, or granular or SolidObjects. This is a broad category that includes toothpaste tubes, salt shakers, milk cartons, bottles, spraying devices that have the container as part of the device. The subtypes differ in the manner in which the dispensing is accomplished (pour, squeeze, invert and shake, spray). The contents must be dispensable in quantities smaller than half the amount that the container can contain, so that more than one typical dose is contained in the Dispenser. This sense of 'Dispenser' is for dispensers that can be held in one hand - SmallObjects. When dispensing, they may be held in both hands, or even carried on the back or shoulder (such as with a spray container for applying garden insecticide). `This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dispenser' in WordNet: 1. (1) dispenser - (a container so designed that the contents can be used in prescribed amounts)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value DispensingSomething^c hasDesignFunction^op only DispensingSomething^c isDesignedToDispense^op only (ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	Atomizer^c ShakerDispenser^c

DispensingMedication^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DispensingMedication

Description

''DispensingMedication' can be performed in any of multiple way, including giving a bottle of pills to someone, injecting something, or applying medication to the skin, or giving it in food or drink or in a vapor or powder that is inhaled.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dispense' in WordNet:
        3. administer, dispense - (give or apply (medications))

Super-classes GivingEvent^c
DispensingSomething^c

DispensingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DispensingSomething`
Description	Each 'DispensingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent causes a portion of a Substance (or part of a Group of Objects) to go from one storage location to some other location(s) in a controlled manner. This can be transferring something to one location, or Corresponds to part of Wordnet verb sense 1 of 'dispense' and sense 1 of 'distribute. The WordNet sense is more general, including dispensing abstract things like money. This sense is more specialized than Wordnet sense 1. However, WordNet sense 3 is even more specialized, being restricted to dispensing medication. WN verb 'dispense' in WordNet: 1. (3) distribute, administer, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense, shell out, deal out, dish out, allot, dole out - (administer or bestow, as in small portions; 'administer critical remarks to everyone present'; 'dole out some money'; 'shell out pocket money for the children'; 'deal a blow to someone')
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Sub-classes	Ventilating^c DispensingMedication^c SupplyingWater^c DistributingObjects^c

DispersingaCrowd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DispersingaCrowd`
Description	''DispersingaCrowd'' is a ''ScatteringObjects'' Action in which the 'objects' are a GroupOfAnimals (people or beasts), and the scattering action is by some means other than physically moving the objects to a new location. 'dispersing a mob' with tear gas would be an example, as would intentionally causing animals to run away by making a loud noise.. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disperse' in WordNet: 2. (1) disperse, dissipate, dispel, break up, scatter - (to cause to separate and go in different directions; 'She waved her hand and scattered the crowds')
Super-classes	ScatteringObjects^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value GroupOfAnimals^c

DispersionOfStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DispersionOfStuff`
Description	COSMO note: parent is changed to 'Diffusing'. This is the collection of dispersion events. These are events in which some member of an #$ExistingStuffType becomes dispersed in some other instance of an #$ExistingStuffType. This would include cream mixing into coffee, radioactive fallout spreading over a large area, a powdery substance blowing away in the wind, sarin gas being released in the Tokyo subway. One can also speak of groups of large objects such as people dispersing into a crowd. While obviously related to the present notion, such events would not fall under #$DispersionOfStuff.
Super-classes	Diffusing^c Mixing^c
Sub-classes	Homogenizing^c

Displaced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Displaced`
Description	`''Displaced'' is the attribute of something (Abstract or Physical) that has been the object of a ''Displacing'' Action.`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Displacing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Displacing`
Description	''Displacing'' is an intransitive ''Translation-LocationChange'' in which some ''SolidObject'' changes its center of location without rotating. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'displacement' in WordNet: 1. (3) shift, displacement - (an event in which something is displaced without rotation)`
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value SolidObject^c isPerformedBy^op value SolidObject^c isCausedBy^op value TransferringSomething^c

DisplayCase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayCase`
Description	A ''DisplayCase'' is a piece of furniture that has at least one shelf, used for holding artifacts that can be viewed on the shelves by anyone nearby. In a home it may be located against a wall, but in large rooms (such as in museums) it may be located with all sides exposed, in such cases with all sides made mostly of glass. It does not have to have a door, but if it does the door will be usually made mostly of ''Glass''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'display case' in WordNet: 1. case, display case, showcase, vitrine - (a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home)`
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c Object-SupportingFurniture^c StorageConstruct^c NonPoweredDevice^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value DisplayingSmallArtifacts^c hasComponentPart^op min 1

DisplayDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayDevice`
Description	A 'DisplayDevice' is a Device that is designed to present some symbolic information for one or more People to view. A 'DisplayDevice' may be part of a larger Device, but can be relatively free-standing,such as the scoreboard or other visual display in a sports stadium, or even a ''Blackboard'' where the things dispayed are entered manually on the surface. . If a display component can be separated physically from the remainder of a Device (as in being replaced), then the display component alone is treated as the DisplayDevice; but if a device with a display is tightly integrated, the whole device may be the DisplayDevice. So a scoreboard would be itself a DisplayDevice, but the face of a Clock, separate from the timing mechanism, would be the DisplayDevice component of a Clock. Among the common household DisplayDevices are the faces of Clocks and computer displays. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'display' (but video display is a subtype) in WordNet: 3. (1) display, video display - (an electronic device that represents information in visual form)`
Super-classes	Device^c InformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	canServeAsAgentInActionType^op value DisplayingInformation^c isTypicallyConnectedTo^op some PhysicalObjectType^c hasDesignFunction^op value DisplayingInformation^c
Sub-classes	Blackboard^c ClockFace^c ElectronicDisplayDevice^c Windsock^c Whiteboard^c SignalDisplayDevice^c PrompterDevice^c DigitalDisplay^c
In domain of	displaysInformation^op

DisplayDial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayDial

Description

A ''Display'' is a ''DisplayPanel'' (a 'FlatSurfacePortion'') of some Object that displays information in some form that can be interpreted as a numerical value. The display may be analog or digital. The subtypes are more explicit.

        Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'dial' in WordNet:
          1. (1) dial - (the face of a timepiece; graduated to show the hours)
          3. dial -(the circular graduated indicator on various measuring instruments)

Super-classes DisplayPanel^c

DisplayOfSkill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayOfSkill`
Description	A ''DisplayOfSkill'' is a ''DisplayingAction'' in which some Person or Persons perform an Action that requires considerable skill and practice. The purpose may be for entertainment, for a fee, or simply for the performers to show off their ability. `The requirements for values to the restrictions 'hadObjectExposed' and 'hadThingTransferred' are reflexively set to the parent type ''DisplayOfSkill'' rather than modifying the parent types for information transfer.`
Super-classes	DisplayingAction^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value GroupOfPeople^c showsEvidenceOf^op value Skill^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Rodeo^c Bullfight^c

DisplayPanel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayPanel`
Description	An ''DisplayPanel'' is a 'FlatSurfacePortion'' of some Object that displays information to some Person who wants or needs the information to perform a task, or to understand the progress of some Event. This is a basic 'display' device that can be mechanical or electrical, and has many subtypes. A non-electric version could be,for example, a 'scoreboard' that displays the score of a game at a sports field and is controlled mechanically. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'display panel' in WordNet: 4. (23) display panel, display board, board - (a vertical surface on which information can be displayed to public view)`
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c FlatSurfacePortion^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value DisplayingInformation^c
Sub-classes	InstrumentPanel^c DisplayDial^c DisplayScreen^c

DisplayScreen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayScreen`
Description	A ''DisplayScreen'' is a ''DisplayPanel'' (a 'FlatSurfacePortion'') which is the visible external part of of a ''VideoDisplayDevice'' that displays the information from a Device such as a ''Computer'' and generates the ''VideoDisplay'' which is the set of light waves perceived by the user, e.g. of a computer. `NOTE: since the millenium, most such screens are arays of LED's, and are not 'cathode ray tubes' (CRTs). That term is left in as a label but needs a different entry. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'screen' in WordNet: 3. (2) screen, CRT screen - (display on the surface of the large end of a cathode-ray tube on which is electronically created)`
Super-classes	VideoDisplayDevice^c DisplayPanel^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value VideoDisplay^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value VideoDisplayDevice^c
Sub-classes	TouchSensitiveDisplay^c

DisplayedObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayedObjects`
Description	''DisplayedObjects'' is a ''GroupOfObjects'' that was made visible for viewing in a ''DisplayingSomething'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'display' and includes sense 2 of 'array' in WordNet: 2. (3) display, exhibit, showing - (something shown to the public; 'the museum had many exhibits of oriental art') WN noun 'array': 2. (1) array - (an impressive display; 'it was a bewildering array of books'; 'his tools were in an orderly array on the basement wall')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	wasExposedInEvent^op value DisplayingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Exhibit^c

DisplayingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayingAction`
Description	A ''DisplayingAction'' is an Action that communicates ome form of information by an Animal performing some Physical Action using the body. This is broad and can include 'display' of courage as well as NonHumanAnimals displaying something to a potential mate. Subtypes need to be more specific. `Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'display' in WordNet: 6. display - (exhibiting openly in public view; 'a display of courage')`
Super-classes	ShowingSomething^c Communication^c ExpressingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value InformationObject^c
Sub-classes	DisplayingDispleasure^c DisplayOfSkill^c OstentatiousDisplay^c PresentingaDisplay^c

DisplayingArtWorks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayingArtWorks`
Description	An ''DisplayingArtWorks'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which the items displayed are works of Art, such as pictures, paintings,or sculpture.
Super-classes	DisplayingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectExposed^op value ArtObject^c

DisplayingDispleasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayingDispleasure`
Description	A ''DisplayingDispleasure'' is a ''DisplayingAction'' in which a Person displays displeasure by some Action - making a face, stamping one's feet, or any thing else visible that conveys ''Annoyance''. One sutype is ''Pouting''.
Super-classes	DisplayingAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c

DisplayingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayingInformation`
Description	'DisplayingInformation' is an Action performed by a Person or Device,in which some symbolic information (including gestures, signals, writing, needles on a dial, or anything that can be seen and conveys some symbolic meaning), is made visible to one or more People. `There appears to be no general sense of 'display' such as this in WordNet. Verb sense 10 of 'show' and sense 7 of 'read' represents part of the sense of this type: 10. (7) read, register, show, record - (indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments; 'The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero'; 'The gauge read 'empty'')`
Super-classes	VisualInformationGeneratingAct^c
Sub-classes	MultimediaDisplay^c

DisplayingSmallArtifacts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayingSmallArtifacts`
Description	An ''DisplayingArtifacts'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which small ''ArtifactObject''s of visual interest, such as figurines, ceramics, collectibles, souveniers, curios, memorabilia, Knicknacks, or anything else that a Person considers interesting or pleasant to look at, can be located so as to be visible to people nearby. This is the main function of a ''DisplayCase''
Super-classes	DisplayingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectExposed^op value ArtifactObject^c

DisplayingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayingSomething`
Description	A subcollection of #$VisualInformationGeneratingAct, #$DisplayingSomething is the collection of #$PurposefulActions in which instances of #$PartiallyTangible play the role of #$instrument-Generic when they are intentionally made to be visually accessible by an #$Agent, which plays the #$Role #$senderOfInfo. This particular collection makes no committments on the intentions or success of the #$senderOfInfo in relation to the display reaching an audience. Thus, #$recipientOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo-Intended are not necessary roles in instances of this collection. For the sense of 'exhibiting' objects for sale (perhaps in the future) rather than just for informational purposes, use subtype ''Exhibition''. Corresponds approximately to part (non-commercial) of verb sense 1 of 'display' in WordNet: 1. (35) expose, exhibit, display - (to show, make visible or apparent; 'The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month'; 'Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?'; 'National leaders will have to display the highest skills of statesmanship') WN noun 'display': 4. (1) display, presentation - (a visual representation of something)
Super-classes	ShowingSomething^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectExposed^op value DisplayedObjects^c
Sub-classes	DisplayingArtWorks^c Firework-Display^c Exhibition^c PlayingaVideoRecording^c Pedantry^c ReplayingaRecording^c DisplayingSmallArtifacts^c DisplayingaCollection^c

DisplayingaCollection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisplayingaCollection`
Description	''DisplayingaCollection'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which the items displayed are members of an ''Exposition'', a ''Collection'' of items of interest to some or all of the public, maintained for educational purposes.
Super-classes	DisplayingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Educational^c hadObjectExposed^op value Exposition^c

Displeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Displeasure`
Description	COSMO note: this is the base, minimal level of unpleasant feeling. This is the Feeling; things that cause this feeling are represented in COSMO as 'UnpleasantThing'. This is intended to be the opposite of 'Pleasure'. In wordNet, 'displeasure' is a subtype of 'dissatisfaction' but that Feeling has not yet (r881) been represented in COSMO. NOTE that this is a Feeling, not a BodySensation, so Pain is not a subtype. See also 'Pleasure' `Cyc ('Pleasure-Feeling'): Agreeable feeling of gratification or satisfaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'displeasure' in WordNet: 1. (3) displeasure - (the feeling of being displeased or annoyed or dissatisfied with someone or something)`
Super-classes	Unhappiness^c DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Annoyance^c BeingUpset^c

Disposable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disposable

Description

''Disposable'' is a subattribute of ''Replaceable'' for ''PhysicalObject''s that are sufficiently ''Cheap'' (''Inexpensive'') that they can be used once and then discarded. This does not mean that they are no longer usable after one use, but are considered less desirable, for any of various reasons, and sufficiently ''Cheap'' that most people would not hesitate to discard them after one use.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'disposable' in Wordnet:
          2. disposable - (designed to be disposed of after use; 'disposable paper cups')

Super-classes Replaceable^c

DisposableProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisposableProduct`
Description	An individual instance of some #$ProductType and a specialization of #$Artifact. Each instance of #$DisposableProduct is an inexpensive, portable #$Product designed to be used for a short time, and then thrown away (or recycled). Examples: an unrefillable plastic #$CigaretteLighter, a paper #$DinnerPlate, a #$DisposableCamera. Non-examples: a refillable silver #$CigaretteLighter, a ceramic #$DinnerPlate, an expensive #$DigitalCamera-Generic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disposable' in WordNet: 1. disposable - (an item that can be disposed of after it has been used)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Product^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disposable^c
Sub-classes	DentalFloss^c Condom^c TrashBag^c PaperTowel^c DrinkingCan^c NewspaperCopy^c Match-FireStarter^c

DisposedToReason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisposedToReason`
Description	''DisposedToReason'' is a subtype of ''Rational'' indicating not a temporary but recurring pattern of behavior that can be categorized as ''RationalBehavior''.
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c Lucid^c Rational^c PersonTraitValue^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value RationalBehavior^c
Sub-classes	Impartial^c

DisposingAnAgentToAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisposingAnAgentToAction`
Description	''DisposingAnAgentToAction' is an Action of some Agent or situation that causes a PurposiveAgent (Person or Animal or Organization) to perform some Action (including to believe some idea). `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dispose' in WordNet: 3. (2) dispose, incline - (make receptive or willing towards an action or attitude or belief; 'Their language inclines us to believe them')`
Super-classes	AffectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	PredisposingToAction^c

Disproof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disproof`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disproof' in WordNet: 1. disproof, falsification, refutation - (any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something)`
Super-classes	EvidentiaryInformation^c

Disproportionate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disproportionate`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disproportionate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disproportionate, disproportional - (out of proportion)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Disproportionately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disproportionately`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'disproportionately' in Wordnet: 1. disproportionately - (out of proportion; 'this wall is disproportionately long')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Disproving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disproving`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disprove' in WordNet: 1. (2) disprove, confute - (prove to be false; 'The physicist disproved his colleagues' theories') WN noun 'refutation': 3. falsification, falsifying, disproof, refutation, refutal - (the act of determining that something is false)`
Super-classes	ArguingAgainstSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Disproof^c refersToExternalEntity^op some Proposition^c
Sub-classes	Rebutting^c

DisputeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisputeEvent`
Description	CYC: A collection of events with multiple participants. In each #$DisputeEvent, some participants seek to achieve states of affairs that other participants seek to prevent. Disputes may or may not get settled. Settlement of a dispute may be by fighting, by competition, by using a mediator or court, by chance, by mutual reasoning, etc. COSMO note: if the conflict is strictly verbal and has no practical consequences, that is a 'VerbalArguingEvent'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'argue' in WordNet, not restricted to verbal arguing; and includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'dispute' in WordNet: 2. (17) argue, contend, debate, fence - (have an argument about something) WN verb 'dispute': 2. (2) quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate - (have a disagreement over something; 'We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America'; 'These two fellows are always scrapping over something')
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value DisagreementEvent^c hasTopic^op value IssueOfDispute^c
Sub-classes	Confrontation^c GoingOnStrike^c Strike^c PublicPolicyDispute^c Quarreling^c Arab-IsraeliConflict^c Bickering^c

Disputed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disputed

Description

''Disputed'' is the attribute of something that has been the object of a ''Disputing'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disputed' in Wordnet:
          1. disputed - (subject to disagreement and debate)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Disputing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disputing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dispute' in WordNet: 1. (4) challenge, dispute, gainsay - (take exception to; 'She challenged his claims') WN noun 'dispute' 1. (4) dispute, difference, difference of opinion, conflict - (a disagreement or argument about something important; 'he had a dispute with his wife'; 'there were irreconcilable differences'; 'the familiar conflict between Republicans and Democrats')`
Super-classes	ContestingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Contester^c

Disqualification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disqualification`
Description	A penalty of automatically losing the game, or not being allowed to compete. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disqualification' in WordNet: 2. disqualification - (the act of preventing someone from participating by finding them unqualified)`
Super-classes	SportsPenalizing^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Disqualified^c

Disqualified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disqualified`
Description	''Disqualified'' is the attribute of a Person who was the object of a ''Disqualifying'' Action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disqualified' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disqualified - (disqualified by law or rule or provision)`
Super-classes	Unqualified^c
Sub-classes	DisqualifiedForViolation^c

DisqualifiedForViolation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisqualifiedForViolation`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'disqualified' in Wordnet: 2. disqualified - (barred from competition for violation of rules; 'a disqualified player')`
Super-classes	Disqualified^c

Disqualifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disqualifying`
Description	''Disqualifying'' is a ''Penalizing'' that prevents a Person from participating in some contest, not necessarily a Sport - this can be a ''Disqualifying'' from being chosen for some position, in which case the choosing is considered as a ''Competing'' against other candidates.. This is an Action but the 'agent' doing the disqualifying can be a situation such as a PersistentState in which the Person disqualified has some attribute or performs some Activity, though the decision of whether a Person is or is not disqualified is made by some Person. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'disqualify' in WordNet: 1. (1) disqualify, unfit, indispose - (make unfit or unsuitable; 'Your income disqualifies you') 2. disqualify - (declare unfit; 'She was disqualified for the Olympics because she was a professional athlete')
Super-classes	Penalizing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value Competing^c

Disrespectful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disrespectful`
Description	''Disrespectful'' is the attribute of a message. or action that exhibits disrespect for some Person explicitly or implicitly. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disrespectful' in Wordnet: 1. disrespectful - (exhibiting lack of respect; rude and discourteous; 'remarks disrespectful of the law'; 'disrespectful in the presence of his parents'; 'disrespectful toward his teacher')`
Super-classes	Rude^c Impolite^c
Sub-classes	Disparaging^c

DisrespectfulComment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DisrespectfulComment`
Description	A ''DisrespectfulComment'' is the information content of a message. that exhibits disrespect for some Person, who could be the Person addressed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disrespect' in WordNet: 1. disrespect, discourtesy - (an expression of lack of respect)`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disrespectful^c
Sub-classes	Disparagement^c Contumely^c

Disruptive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disruptive

Description

''Disruptive'' is an attribute of both a GroupOfPeople (as few as one Person) that causes disruption and of the actions that cause disruption. 'disruptive students'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disruptive' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) disruptive, riotous, troubled, tumultuous, turbulent - 
              (characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination;
              'effects of the struggle will be violent and disruptive'; 
              'riotous times'; 'these troubled areas'; 'the tumultuous years of his administration'; 
              'a turbulent and unruly childhood')

Super-classes Disorderly^c

Dissatisfaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissatisfaction`
Description	COSMO note: this Cyc category is interpreted as a dissatisfaction directed at something specific, rather than a general dissatisfaction with one's life condition. Cyc: Feeling of discontent, due to a lack of fulfillment of an agent's desires, needs, or requirements. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Dissatisfaction are #$Disappointment, #$Frustration, #$Impatience, #$Anger, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissatisfaction' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dissatisfaction - (the feeling of being displeased and discontent; 'he was never slow to express his dissatisfaction with the service he received')
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c Unhappiness^c
Sub-classes	Twinge^c Depression-Feeling^c BeingUpset^c BadMood^c Disappointment^c Frustration^c

Dissatisfied^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissatisfied`
Description	A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being dissatisfied. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. `NOTE: 'Dissatisfied' can be fairly mild, whereas ''Disgruntled'' is more intense in COSMO. ''Disgruntled'' is a subtype of this attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dissatisfied' in WordNet: 1. (2) disgruntled, dissatisfied - - (in a state of sulky dissatisfaction)`
Super-classes	AgentAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Disappointed^c Humble^c Frustrated^c Upset^c Disgruntled^c

DissatisfyingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DissatisfyingEvent`
Description	A ''DissatisfyingEvent'' is an 'UnpleasantEvent'tat causes ''Dissatisfaction'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissatisfy' in WordNet: 1. dissatisfy - (fail to satisfy)`
Super-classes	UnpleasantEvent^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value Dissatisfaction^c alwaysCauses^op value Dissatisfaction^c

Dissecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissecting`
Description	''Dissecting'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' where the 'something' is the dead body of some animal. `Not all ''Dissecting'' actions are a ''CuttingInPieces'',but some are. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dissect' in WordNet: 1. (1) dissect - (cut open or cut apart; 'dissect the bodies for analysis')`
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SurgicalIncision^c produces^op value Incision^c hadObjectModified^op value DeadAnimal^c

Disseminating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disseminating`
Description	Any Communication that involves a single agent and many destination (more than one recipients of the ''InformationObject''). This covers the release of a published book, broadcasting, a theatrical performance, giving orders to assembled troops, delivering a public lecture, etc. A subset of ''Communication'' in which there are more than one recipient. @ToDo: This is the transitive Action; 'circulate' as an instransitive Action needs to be added Cyc: (MassCommunicating) Communication actions in which a great many agents are the targets of the communication. This is not necessarily limited to communications which use broadcast media such as television or radio - it also includes mass communications accomplished by print media, by telephoning lots of people, by individually telling many people the same message, or by using a combination of media. Examples: an ad campaign, a 'get out the vote' effort, or a smear campaign. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disseminate' in Wordnet: 1. (6) circulate, circularize, circularise, distribute, disseminate, propagate, broadcast, spread, diffuse, disperse, pass around - (cause to become widely known; 'spread information'; 'circulate a rumor'; 'broadcast the news') WN noun 'dissemination': 1. (1) dissemination, airing, public exposure, spreading - (the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate)
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Diffusing^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some (AgentGroup^c or AgentType^c) hasIntendedAudience^op some GroupOfPeople^c hadThingTransferred^op value Information^c
Sub-classes	Demonstrating^c PropagandaCampaign^c InternetBroadcasting^c MediaTransferEvent^c MakingSomethingPopular^c Publicizing^c

Dissension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissension`
Description	A ''Dissension'' is a subtype of ''DisagreementEvent'' in which one subgeoup of an ''InterestGroup'' disagrees withsome polcy of the majority of the Group. This situation may or may not be resolved, in any way - including by the dissenting Group splitting off from the main group. `" dissension in the ranks " Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissension' in WordNet: 1. (1) discord, dissension - (disagreement among those expected to cooperate)`
Super-classes	DisagreementEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Dissenters^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dissenting^c

Dissenter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissenter`
Description	A ''Dissenter'' is a ''Person'' who passively disagrees with or actively opposes some policy or practice or custom of a GroupOfPeople of which s/he is a member.. For those not conforming to a widely established custom use subtype ''NonConformist''. `No similar sense in RHW for this sense of 'contestant' - omitted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissenter' in WordNet: 1. (1) dissenter, dissident, protester, objector, contestant - (a person who dissents from some established policy)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dissenting^c performsAction^op value DisagreementEvent^c

Dissenters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissenters`
Description	A ''Dissenters'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a ''Dissenter'' and each of whom is an ''InterestGroupMember''. This is for a subgroup of some ''InterestGroup''
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Dissension^c isaSubgroupOf^op value InterestGroup^c

Dissenting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissenting

Description

''Dissenting'' is an Attribute of some subgroup of a ''GroupOfPeople'' who do not agree on some issue with the majority of the larger group.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dissenting' in Wordnet:
        1. dissentient, dissenting, dissident - (disagreeing, especially with a majority)

Super-classes Disagreeing^c

Dissertation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissertation`
Description	A ''Dissertation'' is a ''Treatise'' that includes some conclusions from a 'research' project. This term is usually used for treatises presented to an academic institution to satisfy requirements for an advance degree, such as a Ph.D. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissertation' in WordNet: 1. dissertation, thesis - (a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree)`
Super-classes	Treatise^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c describes^op value Findings^c describes^op value Research^c

Dissimilar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissimilar

Description

''Dissimilar'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that is used to compare attributes of individuals (including appearance or class or type membership) that are not ''Similar'' - i.e.have noticeable differences.

   See also instance of 'Adjective' ''different'.

   Includes adjective sense 1 of 'unlike' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'dissimilar' in WordNet:
        1. (6) unlike, dissimilar, different - (marked by dissimilarity;
        'for twins they are very unlike'; 'people are profoundly different')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Dissolute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissolute

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute that is a subtype of ''Immoral'' characterizing behavior that frequently and noticeably ''Immoral'', and people who perform such actions.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dissolute' in Wordnet:
          1. debauched, degenerate, degraded, dissipated, dissolute, 
            libertine, profligate, riotous, fast - (unrestrained 
            by convention or morality; 'Congreve draws a debauched aristocratic society'; 
            'deplorably dissipated and degraded'; 'riotous living'; 'fast women')

Super-classes Immoral^c

Dissolved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissolved

Description

''Dissolved'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has experienced a ''Dissolving'' Event.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dissolved' in Wordnet:
         1. (13) dissolved - ((of solid matter) reduced to a liquid form; 'add the dissolved gelatin')

Super-classes Mixed^c

Dissolving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dissolving`
Description	''Dissolving'' is a form of ''Disintegrating'' in which the material (solid or liquid) that disintegrates becomes part of a ''Solution''. This is the intransitive sense of 'dissolve'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dissolve' in WordNet: 2. (12) dissolve - (pass into a solution; 'The sugar quickly dissolved in the coffee')`
Super-classes	Disintegrating^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Solution^c

DissolvingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DissolvingSomething`
Description	''DissolvingSomething'' is an Action in which a ''IntelligentAgent'' (which could be an automaton) causes some PhysicalObject to dissolve in a liquid. NOTE that this includes the subEvent of ''DissolvingaSubstance'' in which the Solvent acts to cause the solute to dissolve. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissolve' in WordNet: 1. (17) dissolve, resolve, break up - (cause to go into a solution; 'The recipe says that we should dissolve a cup of sugar in two cups of water')`
Super-classes	Disintegrating^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Dissolving^c hasSubEvent^op value DissolvingaSubstance^c produces^op value LiquidSolution^c isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Dissolved^c

DissolvingaSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DissolvingaSubstance`
Description	'DissolvingaSubstance' is an Action in which some liquid solvent (liquid at some temperature, not necessarily room temperature) causes another PhysicalSubstance to dissolve, i.e. for the atoms or molecules of that second substance to intermingle intimately with the molecules of the solvent. This is an Action in which some ''Solvent'' is the Agent. For the degree to which a Solvent is able to dissolve some substance, the relation 'hasSolubilityLimit' can be used with the solvent substance as subject and a ''SolubilityValue'' as the object. The instance of ''SolubilityValue'' will include references to the temperature for some specificsolubility,as well as solvent and the solubility in some ''SoluteSolventUnit'' For the capability of what solvents dissolve what solutes, use 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance', which will point to the solvent that has that capability and to an instance of this type describing what can be dissolved. Solubility limits for specific substances in specific solvents are properties of the individual substances, not directly linked to instances of 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance'. Each instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance' is an Action that specifies what quantity of substance was dissolved, by what quantity of what solvent, to what concentration, at which temperature. @ToDo: these relations have not yet been defined (rev953) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dissolve' in WordNet: 1. (17) dissolve, resolve, break up - (cause to go into a solution; 'The recipe says that we should dissolve a cup of sugar in two cups of water')
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c hasSolubleSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Solvation^c

DissuadingFromAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DissuadingFromAction`
Description	COSMO note: the parent 'DeterringSomeone' was added to make this a subtype of dissuading that are successful. For actions that may not be successful use 'DeterringSomeone'; for 'DissuadingFromAction' accomplished by threats, use 'DeterrenceEvent'. `CYC: A #$CommunicationAct-Single in which the #$senderOfInfo successfully induces the #$recipientOfInfo not to perform an action. This does not cover cases where situations, rather than agents, dissuade: e.g., polling results dissuaded the politician from running. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dissuade' in WordNet: 1. (3) dissuade, deter - (turn away from by persuasion; 'Negative campaigning will only dissuade people')`
Super-classes	DeterringSomeone^c Convincing-CommunicationAct^c
Sub-classes	DeterrenceEvent^c

Distance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distance`
Description	Distance is an AttributeType that characterizes a separation in space between two points or two objects. NOTE: In COSMO, Distance is an AttributeType, not a measure. Each Distance will have a value which is a LengthMeasure. Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Distance is the length of a path in space extending from one point to another. In some contexts, for example in the argument 2 position of #$altitudeAboveSeaLevel, an instance of #$Distance will include directional information. In these contexts, instances can take on positive or negative values. In other contexts, directional information will not matter, and instances of #$Distance will only take on non-negative values. See the specialization #$Distance-Absolute for measures of distance that necessarily do not include directional information, and thus are always non-negative. An instance of #$Distance may be either a fixed interval, such as the height of the #$WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC or the altitude of the #$DeadSea, or a range, such as #$WithinAudibleDistance (see #$ScalarInterval for more explanation). See #$UnitOfDistance for the units used by Cyc to measure distances. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'distance' in WordNet - but note that 'length' as property of an object is not included: in WordNet: 1. (55) distance - (the property created by the space between two objects or points) 3. (5) distance, length - (size of the gap between two places; 'the distance from New York to Chicago'; 'he determined the length of the shortest line segment joining the two points')
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Range^c Altitude^c Mileage^c

DistanceMarker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DistanceMarker`
Description	A ''DistanceMarker'' is a 'LocationMarker'' located adjacent to a Roadway that has a ''Mark'' on it representing the distance (and possibly the direction) of some named ''Place''.
Super-classes	LocationMarker^c
Restrictions	hasSurfaceThing^op value SignObject^c isLocatedAt^op value PlaceAtaDistance^c signifies^op value Distance^c wasVisibleTo^op value RoadVehicle^c isAdjacentTo^op value Roadway^c
Sub-classes	Milestone^c

DistanceTravelled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DistanceTravelled

Description

'DistanceTravelled' is a LengthMeasure that specifies how far some object (including a Person or vehicle) has travelled in some interval of time or during some Event or sequence of Events. This can be used to assert, e.g. 'he walked 40 miles that day'.

      @ToDo the relation of this measure to 'Movement-TranslationEvent'

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

Distant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distant`
Description	Being at a physical distance (from something else); the actual distance of relative to the situation and purposes. A desk ten feet away can be 'distant' because it is unreachable by hand from the reference location. A Place requiring air travel is also ''Distant''. Something 'Distant' is 'Inconvenient' because of its distance. Far away. This is not the metaphorical 'distant' meaning socially not friendly, For more general and metaphorical senses, use 'Far' and its other subtypes. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 and part of sense 1 of 'distant', and includes sense 2 of 'far' and sense 1 of 'far away' in WordNet. The part of sense 5 in Wordnet that means 'coming from a distance', as in phone calls, is not included in this type. in WordNet: 5. distant, remote - (apart in space; 'distant lands'; 'remote stars') 1. (33) distant - (separated in space or coming from or going to a distance; 'distant villages'; 'the sound of distant traffic'; 'a distant sound'; 'a distant telephone call') 2. (5) far - (being of a considerable distance or length; 'a far trek') WN adj 'far away' 1. (5) faraway, far-off - (very far away in space or time; 'faraway mountains'; 'the faraway future'; 'troops landing on far-off shores'; 'far-off happier times')
Super-classes	Inconvenient^c Far^c
Sub-classes	Deserted^c Yon^c Far-flung^c

DistantLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DistantLocation`
Description	A Place that is ''Distant'' from some reference Place or Object.
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Distant^c
Sub-classes	TheWorkingField^c

Distending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distending`
Description	The intransitive Action of something that swells up in volume. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'distend' in WordNet: 3. distend - (swell from or as if from internal pressure; 'The distended bellies of the starving cows')`
Super-classes	Swelling-Generic^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Swollen^c

DistendingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DistendingSomething`
Description	''DistendingSomething'' is a ''CausingToSwell'' by adding fluid into a ''Distendible'' object. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'distend' in WordNet: 2. distend - (cause to expand as it by internal pressure; 'The gas distended the animal's body')`
Super-classes	CausingToSwell^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Distending^c

Distensible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distensible`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distensible' in Wordnet: 1. distensible - (capable of being distended; able to stretch and expand; 'the stomach is a distensible organ')`
Super-classes	Deformable^c
Sub-classes	Inflatable^c

Distillate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distillate`
Description	A ''Distillate'' is a ''LiquidSubstance'' produced by the Action of ''Distilling''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distillate' in WordNet: 1. distillate, distillation - (a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distilling)`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Distilled^c isProducedByEventType^op value Distilling^c
Sub-classes	Tequila^c Gin^c Liquor^c Vodka^c Rum^c

Distilled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distilled`
Description	''Distilled'' is an AttributeValue of a substance that has been vaporized and condensed in a ''Distilling'' Action.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Distillery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distillery`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distillery' in WordNet: 1. distillery, still - (a plant and works where alcoholic drinks are made by distillation)`
Super-classes	Building^c ManufacturingFacility^c
Restrictions	manufactures^op value Liquor^c hasCommercialProduct^op value Liquor^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Distilling^c

Distilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distilling`
Description	''Distilling';is to purify a volatile substance by vaporizing it and condensing the vapors, leaving behind other substances that are less volatile (as in distilling alcohol) and possibly more volatile (as in the fractional distillation in petroleum refineries). CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a liquid mixture is heated up to the boiling point of at least one of its liquid #$constituents. That constituent vaporizes and the vapor is trapped and allowed to cool, thus separating (some or most of) that constituent from the mixture. COSMO note: this type of 'purify' is also an 'increase' in the concentration (weight percentage) of the thing that is being purified. Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'distill' in WordNet: 1. (3) purify, sublimate, make pure, distill - (remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation; 'purify the water') 2. (3) distill, distil - (undergo the process of distillation) 3. (1) distill, extract, distil - (extract by the process of distillation; 'distill the essence of this compound')
Super-classes	Purifying^c SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Condensing^c hadThingAffected^op some SubstanceType^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Distilled^c hasSubEvent^op value Boiling^c produced^op value Distillate^c
Sub-classes	FractionalDistillation^c

Distinct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distinct`
Description	'Distinct' is an AttributeValue of things that can be perceived readily: visual objects such as photographs, sounds, tastes. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distinct' in WordNet: 1. (14) distinct - - (easy to perceive; especially clearly outlined; 'a distinct flavor'; 'a distinct odor of turpentine'; 'a distinct outline'; 'the ship appeared as a distinct silhouette'; 'distinct fingerprints')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Focused^c SharplyDefined^c InFocus^c

Distinction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distinction`
Description	A ''Distinction'' is an ''InformationObject'' (a ''MentalObject'') that is an abstract representation of a 'Difference'' between two things regarding some qualty or attribute that serves to allow recognizing that they are different, and is discoverd in an action of ''Distinguishing''. A difference in some quality does not become a ''Distinction'' until it is discovered by an IntentionalAgent. People 'make a distinction' between things. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distinction' in WordNet: 4. (3) distinction - (a distinguishing difference; 'he learned the distinction between gold and lead')`
Super-classes	InformationObject^c DiscoveredThing^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only Difference^c

Distinctive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distinctive

Description

''Distinctive''is a subtype of The FunctionalAttribute 'Typical', when applied specifying that the thing modified can be used to assign the object with that feature to a particlar type: 'the distinguishing characteristic of the male Cardinal bird is its bright red color and sharp crown'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distinctive' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) distinctive, typical - (of a feature that helps to distinguish 
            a person or thing; 'Jerusalem has a distinctive Middle East flavor'- Curtis Wilkie;
            'that is typical of you!')
        WN adj 'distinguishing':
          1. distinguishing, identifying - (serving to distinguish or identify 
             a species or group; 'the distinguishing mark of the species is its plumage';
             'distinctive tribal tattoos'; 'we were asked to describe 
             any identifying marks or distinguishing features')

Super-classes Typical^c

Distinctiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distinctiveness`
Description	''Distinctiveness'' is a generic type of difference between two or more things. Used initially as the ''AttributeType'' for ''Difference'' `NOTE: this is not for 'peculiarity' as a 'distinguishing characteristic'. This characterizes a Group whose members are distinctly different, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distinctiveness' in WordNet: 1. peculiarity, specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness - (a distinguishing trait)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Distinctive^c

Distinctly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distinctly

Description

''Distinctly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that adjective thus qualified can be easil perceived.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distinctly' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) distinctly, clearly - (clear to the mind; with distinct mental discernment;
               'it's distinctly possible'; 'I could clearly see myself in his situation')
      2. (2) distinctly - (in a distinct and distinguishable manner;
           'the subtleties of this distinctly British occasion')
          3. distinctly - (to a distinct degree; 'urbanization in Spain is 
               distinctly correlated with a fall in reproductive rate')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Distinctness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distinctness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distinctness' in WordNet: 1. (1) distinctness, sharpness - (the quality of being sharp and clear)`
Super-classes	Clarity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Distinct^c enablesOrAssists^op value Perceiving^c
Sub-classes	ImageFocus^c

Distinguished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distinguished`
Description	''Distinguished'' is an attribute of something that was recognized as being different from something else (usually something similar enough to possibly be confused with other things). >differentiated Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'distinguished' in Wordnet: 3. distinguished - (set apart from other such things)
Super-classes	Simulated^c

Distinguishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distinguishing`
Description	'Distinguishing' is an Action that is a subtype of Observation in which an agent detects a difference between two or more things. This is very general, and merely specifies that some kind of difference was noticed; to be an act of 'Distinguishing' does not require that the observer actually recognize either the type of either thing distinguished, or recall that it is a particular individual. This action is inherently multiple-arity, and has as participants at least two Objects or attributes that are observed, and the Difference(s) between or among them. An act of 'Distinguishing' often does, but need not, include the recognition of individuals. For recognizing indididual, use 'Recognizing'. 'He was able to distinguish the colors before and after weathering'. 'He could distinguish Pepsi from Coke by their taste, but didn't recall which was which. Includes verb sense 1 of 'distinguish' and sense 1 of 'differentiate' and senses 1 and 3 of 'discriminate' in WordNet: 1. (17) distinguish, separate, differentiate, secern, secernate, severalize, severalise, tell, tell apart - (mark as different; 'We distinguish several kinds of maple') WN 'discriminate': 1. (2) discriminate, know apart - (recognize or perceive the difference) 3. discriminate - (distinguish; 'I could not discriminate the different tastes in this complicated dish') WN noun 'discrimination': 2. (5) discrimination, secernment - (the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished) WN noun 'distinction': 1. (13) differentiation, distinction - (a discrimination between things as different and distinct; 'it is necessary to make a distinction between love and infatuation') WN verb 'severalize': 1. severalize, severalise - (distinguish or separate)
Super-classes	DiscoveryEvent^c Observing^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Distinction^c
Sub-classes	ContrastingThings^c Resolving^c Recognizing^c Categorizing^c

DistortingFacts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DistortingFacts`
Description	''DistortingFacts'' is an intentional ''Misrepresenting'' in which some important fact in the information conveyed is intentionally changed so as to be intentionally false - i.e. is a ''Lie''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'distort' in WordNet: 1. (5) falsify, distort, garble, warp - (make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story) WN noun 'distortion': 5. distortion, overrefinement, straining, torture, twisting - (the act of distorting something so it seems to mean something it was not intended to mean)`
Super-classes	Misrepresenting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Deceit^c hasSubEvent^op value Lying^c

Distortion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distortion

Description

A ''Distortion'' is a Feature of a PhysicalObject that is produced by a ''Distorting'' Event.

       This is not a 'change' in the sense of a difference before
       and after,but a feature of an object that results from a 
       ''Distorting'' action,and differs from the shape of the same
       part of the object before it was distorted.
       Thus a 'bend' in a rod that was originally straight would be
          a ''distortion''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'distortion' in WordNet:
         2. (1) distorted shape, distortion - (a shape resulting from distortion)
       WN noun 'deformation':
       2. deformation - (alteration in the shape or dimensions of an object
         as a result of the application of stress to it)

Super-classes ShapedObject^c
PhysicalPartOfObject^c
PhysicalFeature^c

Distracted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distracted`
Description	''Distracted'' is the attribute of a ''Person'' who fails to focus on something that needs attention because s/he was the object of a ''DistractingaPerson'' Event. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'distracted' in Wordnet: 2. distracted, distrait - (having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	AbsentMinded^c

DistractingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DistractingaPerson`
Description	''DistractingaPerson'' is a ''InhibitingAnAction'' in which the Action inhibited is 'paying attention to something else' - i.e. a ''Perceiving-Voluntary''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'distract' in WordNet: 1. (3) distract, deflect - (draw someone's attention away from something; 'The thief distracted the bystanders'; 'He deflected his competitors') WN noun 'distraction': 4. distraction, misdirection - (the act of distracting; drawing someone's attention away from something; 'conjurers are experts at misdirection')`
Super-classes	InhibitingAnAction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some Perceiving-Voluntary^c hadReducedEntity^op some Perceiving-Voluntary^c

Distraught^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distraught

Description

''Distraught'' is a deeper degree of ''Agitated''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distraught' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) distraught, overwrought - (deeply agitated especially from emotion; 
               'distraught with grief')

Super-classes Agitated^c

Distress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distress`
Description	COSMO note: Distress is not necessarily directed at one specific thing, but can be due to general conditions. `Cyc: Extremely troubled; mentally confused, distracted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distress' in WordNet: 1. (4) distress, hurt, suffering - (psychological suffering; 'the death of his wife caused him great distress') WN noun 'pain' 2. (14) pain, painfulness - (emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid; 'the pain of loneliness')`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Sub-classes	MentalDistress^c Consternation^c Panic^c StateOfSuffering^c

Distressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distressing`
Description	'Distressing' is an AttributeValue that can be applied to things that cause psychological 'pain' including as subype (see ''Painful'') things that cause physical pain, such as Events (e.g. injury), or physiological conditions (Pain), or certain static situations (pressure, cold, heat); it can also be applied to Events or situations that are undesirable in any of many different ways. Loss of property or loved ones is a common situation that is 'Distressing', but there are many others. This is the psychological 'painful' that is differentiated in COSMO from physiological 'Painful'. For physically 'painful' things, use 'Painful'. A more intense level of intensity of 'distressing' is the subAttribute ''Agonizing''. This is for senses of'painful' in phrases like 'too painful to watch'; 'a painful loss of a loved one'; 'a distressing argument'; 'painful criticism' @ToDo - psychologically 'painful' may be a more intense variant of 'distressing' - to be reconsidered. Includes parts of adjective sense 1 of 'painful' and adjective sense 1 of 'distressing' and sense 1 of 'troubling' and sense 1 of 'disturbing' in WordNet; only the psychological pain or distress is represented here; in WordNet: WN 'painful' (part, for psychologicalpain): 1. (10) painful - (causing physical or psychological pain; 'worked with painful slowness') WN 'distressing': 1. (3) distressing, distressful, disturbing, perturbing, troubling, worrisome, worrying - (causing distress or worry or anxiety; 'distressing (or disturbing) news'; 'lived in heroic if something distressful isolation'; 'a disturbing amount of crime'; 'a revelation that was most perturbing'; 'a new and troubling thought'; 'in a particularly worrisome predicament'; 'a worrying situation'; 'a worrying time')
Super-classes	Bad^c
Sub-classes	Dizzying^c Grisly^c Worrisome^c Painful^c

Distressingly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distressingly

Description

''Distressingly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions or attributes to specify that the actions or attributes described caused some degree (usually mild) of displeasure or distress.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'distressingly' in Wordnet:
          1. painfully, distressingly - (unpleasantly; 'his ignorance was painfully obvious')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Distributing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distributing`
Description	''Distributing'' is a form of 'Providing' in which some Agent makes some ''Thing'' (Abstract or Physical such as Money or a Product) available in some form. This is very general - to make something 'available' does not mean it is free, it may be available for sale or just placed somewhere where another agent can obtain it, such as placing food in several places where wild animals can get it. This is usually used for making more than one thing available and for doing it more than once, but no restriction is placed yet on the number of times or places something must be made available to be a ''Distributing''. 'The relief agency distributed food at the refugee camp.' 'The school distributed free textbooks to its students.' `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'distribute' in WordNet: 3. (4) distribute - (make available; 'The publisher wants to distribute the book in Asia')`
Super-classes	Providing^c
Sub-classes	IssuingSomething^c

DistributingObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DistributingObjects`
Description	Each 'DistributingObjects' is an Action in which an Agent causes objects from a Group of objects to go to two or more other Agents. `Corresponds to Wordnet verb senses 1 and 4 of 'distribute': in WordNet: 1. (11) distribute, administer, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense, shell out, deal out, dish out, allot, dole out - (administer or bestow, as in small portions; 'administer critical remarks to everyone present'; 'dole out some money'; 'shell out pocket money for the children'; 'deal a blow to someone') 4. (3) distribute, give out, hand out, pass out - (give out; 'The teacher handed out the exams')`
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c SpreadingThingsAround^c DispensingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Allotting^c Redistributing^c Allocating^c DealingCards^c

Distribution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distribution`
Description	A ''Distribution'' is an AttributeValue that is a ''BandOfValues'' of some Group of observations or quantitative measures of the magnitude or prevalence (often a percentage) of some form of property (not necessarily a formal AttributeValue) in an Object or population of objects. It is often depicted graphically by a bar graph with the value of the thing distributed (e.g. sizes) on the axis, and the number or proportion of the population with that value on the abscissa, i.e. the vertical size of the bar tells how many have that value. `It may be relevant to an Individual (.e.g. distribution over time of same value), but is usually of relevance to a Group of entities. For distributions of characteristics among a GroupOfPeople, use 'PopulationCharacteristicDistribution'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distribution' in Wordnet: 1. (23) distribution, statistical distribution - ((statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence)`
Super-classes	BandOfValues^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Prevalence^c
Sub-classes	PopulationCharacteristicDistribution^c

Distributor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Distributor`
Description	A ''Supplier'' is a ''Vendor'' that sells to other businesses, who sells to end users. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'distributor' in WordNet: 1. (6) distributor, distributer - (someone who markets merchandise) 3. distributor - (a company that markets merchandise; "his company is a large distributor of software products")`
Super-classes	Supplier^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupplyingGoods^c

District^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#District`
Description	A ''District' ' is an spatial area of the Earth's surface encompassed by borderlines established for any purpose by a ''GeopoliticalEntity''. `In this case a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' includes an ecclesiastical Organization that marks off GeographicalRegions for administrative purposes. See subtype ''EcclesiasticalDistrict''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'district' in WordNet: 1. (38) district, territory, territorial dominion, dominion - (a region marked off for administrative or other purposes)`
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op only (CountryRegion^c or LocationType^c) wasCreatedBy^op only GeopoliticalEntity^c
Sub-classes	AdministrativeDistrict^c EcclesiasticalDistrict^c

Disturbed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Disturbed

Description

''Disturbed'' is the attribute of a Person who had to stop some ongoing activity due to an Event requiring hisher attention.

       No WN adj sense for 'disturbed.

Super-classes Inconvenienced^c

Ditch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ditch`
Description	A long and narrow open-top HoleInTheGround. This is the physical object that consists of the walls of the ditch. In contrast to a ''DeepHoleInTheGround'', a ''Ditch'' is at least as wide at the surface opening as it is deep (or if horizontal long), A ''Ditch'' can be shallow, as is the subtype ''Furrow''. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'ditch' in WordNet: 1. (2) ditch - (a long narrow excavation in the earth)`
Super-classes	HoleInTheGround^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c
Sub-classes	Arroyo^c Gully^c Moat^c Trench^c

Dither^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dither`
Description	This can apply to one Person or a Group. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dither' in WordNet: 1. dither, pother, fuss, tizzy, flap - (an excited state of agitation; 'he was in a dither'; 'there was a terrible flap about the theft')`
Super-classes	Fretting^c Agitation^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value HumanAgent^c

DitransitiveObjectPair^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DitransitiveObjectPair

Description

A ''DitransitiveObjectPair'' is a ''Pair' in which the two elements are the grammatical objects (direct object and indirect object, not necessarily ''Object''s, they could be substances or Actions) of a ditransitive verb phrase (gave '[a book] to [Jane]' or 'bought [a cake] for [Tom]').

    Within this Pair the 'direct object' will be the object of the relation  
      ''hasDirectObject'' (or its more specific subproperty ''hadThingReceived'')
    and the indirect object will be the ''hadThingAffected'' or
      the more specific  (''hadBeneficiary'' or ''hadRecipient''))

    **NOTE: These relations have been modified from their original domains and 
     @ToDo1221  the relations to specify direct and indirect object should probably be 
     created anew secifically for this purpose.

     Subtypes of this type cold  be created for specific ditransitive grammatical structures, but 
        that type of relation has not yet been explicitly represented.

Super-classes Pair^c

Diuretic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diuretic`
Description	A ''Diuretic'' is a drug used to treat conditions resulting from infrequent urination. They increase the rate of urine flow. `CYC: Drugs which promote the loss of water and salt from the body. They typically lower blood pressure, too. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diuretic' in WordNet: 1. diuretic drug, diuretic, water pill - ( any substance that tends to increase the flow of urine)`
Super-classes	Antihypertensive^c DrugSubstance^c DrugProduct^c Role^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Hypertension^c

Diva^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diva`
Description	A ''Diva' is a female ''OperaStar'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diva' in WordNet: 1. prima donna, diva - (a distinguished female operatic singer; a female operatic star)`
Super-classes	OperaStar^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Eminent^c

Diver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diver`
Description	A ''Diver'' is a Person who is currently ''Diving'' or dives regularly or for sport. `CYC: The collection of persons who are trained in and practice the sport of diving. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'diver' in WordNet: 2. diver, plunger - (someone who dives (into water))`
Super-classes	Athlete^c Person^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Diving^c
Sub-classes	Frogman^c

Divergent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divergent`
Description	`'divergent interests' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'divergent' in Wordnet: 1. (2) divergent - (diverging from another or from a standard; 'a divergent opinion')`
Super-classes	Different^c

Diverging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diverging`
Description	This ''Diverging'' represents the state of things becoming different in a manner that suggests a motion apart, as well as ''Path-Generic'' (physical and metaphorical) that lead in different directions. This does not fit neatly into any of the categories of motion, nor does it appear to be a state, although a 'path' diverging can be a description of a path that does not change over time, yet when taking a diverging path the state of the moving object on it does become diferent. If 'one path becomes two' the path diverges, so it does seem to be more of a ''BecomngEvent'' than a ''PersistentState''. With some effort, the nuances may be distinguished. But not yet @rev1781. `" Two paths diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. " Robert Frost Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'diverge' in WordNet: 1. (1) diverge - (move or draw apart; 'The two paths diverge here') 3. diverge - (extend in a different direction; 'The lines start to diverge here'; 'Their interests diverged')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some Path-Generic^c causes^op value BeingDifferent^c

Divers^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divers

Description

''Divers'' is a spellng variant of 'diverse' representing the attribute of Groups that are composed of noticeably different types of elements.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'various' and sense 2 of 'diverse' in WordNet:
      3. (3) diverse, various - (distinctly dissimilar or unlike;
    'celebrities as diverse as Bob Hope and Bob Dylan'; 'animals as 
    various as the jaguar and the cavy and the sloth')

Super-classes Different^c

Diverse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diverse`
Description	''Diverse'' is a subtype of 'Heterogeneous' that asserts that the thing characterized is not only 'not homogeneous' but actually has several different type of things in it composition. At minimum, three different types are required for something to be ''Diverse''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diverse' in WordNet: 1. (5) divers, diverse - (many and different; 'tourist offices of divers nationalities'; 'a person of diverse talents') WN adj 'varied': 1. (11) varied - (characterized by variety; 'immigrants' varied ethnic and religious traditions'; 'his work is interesting and varied')`
Super-classes	Heterogeneous^c
Sub-classes	ColorfullyInteresting^c

Diversifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diversifying`
Description	This ''Diversifying'' is the broad generic sense of making one's activities more 'diverse' by adding product lines (for a company), adding new types of product or service, adding new topics to a course of study, or adding new investments to a portfolio, among other things. these types can be distinguished by subtypes when needed, by adding in the specific things that are sdded in a ''Diversifying'' Event, and represented here by the generic ''Action''. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'diversify' in WordNet: 1. diversify - (make (more) diverse; 'diversify a course of study') 3. diversify, branch out, broaden - (vary in order to spread risk or to expand; 'The company diversified') WN noun 'diversification': 1. (1) diversification, variegation - (the act of introducing variety (especially in investments or in the variety of goods and services offered); 'my broker recommended a greater diversification of my investments'; 'he limited his losses by diversification of his product line')
Super-classes	Altering^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op value Action^c hadChangedEntity^op value HumanActivity^c

Diversity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diversity`
Description	''Diversity'' is the state of something that is ''Diverse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diversity' in WordNet: 1. (2) diverseness, diversity, multifariousness, variety - (noticeable heterogeneity; 'a diversity of possibilities'; 'the range and variety of his work is amazing')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Diverse^c
Sub-classes	Heterogeneity^c Biodiversity^c

Diverticulitis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diverticulitis`
Description	''Diverticulitis'' is an ''Inflammation'' of the diverticulum (in the Colon). `RHW 'diverticulum' a blind, tubular sac or process branching off from a canal or cavity, esp. an abnormal, saclike herniation of the mucosal layer through the muscular wall of the colon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diverticulitis' in WordNet: 1. diverticulitis - (inflammation of a diverticulum in the digestive tract (especially the colon); characterized by painful abdominal cramping and fever and constipation)`
Super-classes	Inflammation^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Colon-BodyPart^c hasSymptom^op value Cramping^c hasSymptom^op value SharpPain^c

Divesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divesting`
Description	''Divesting'' is a 'depriving' of anything valuable, not only possessons See e.g.subtype ''Orphaning''. The 'agent' doing the 'taking away' can be natural Events, such as Events that cause loss of close friends or family. `From the point of view of the Pesron who experiences a ''Divesting'' it is a ''LosingSomething''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'divest' in WordNet: 1. (1) deprive, strip, divest - (take away possessions from someone; 'The Nazis stripped the Jews of all their assets')`
Super-classes	UndesirableEvent^c TakingSomethingAway^c LosingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingLost^op value ValuableThing^c
Sub-classes	DisarmingaPerson^c Orphaning^c

Divided^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divided`
Description	To be ''Divided'' is for some Thing to be physically or mentally or organizationally restructured so as to either physically separate or mentally categorize the parts so that they can be viewed as individuals with their own properties. the 'divided' thing is the whole thing as it was before the ''DividingSomethingIntoParts'' Action. `This is very general, and can be applied to Objects, Events, Organizations, and anything else that can be divided into parts in any manner. The subtypes are more specific. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'divided' in Wordnet: 1. (2) divided - (separated into parts or pieces; 'opinions are divided')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Fragmented^c Segregated^c

Dividend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dividend`
Description	A ''Dividend'' is a Quantity that is to be divided by a 'division' operation, or the subtype ''Numerator' which is the related number that is the upper part of a ''Ratio'' (a fraction, with or without dimensions (units of measure)) `NOTE this is not restricted to real numbers it can be any kind of quantity that is susceptible to a division operation Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dividend' in WordNet: 2. dividend - (a number to be divided by another number)`
Super-classes	Quantity^c
Sub-classes	Numerator^c

Dividing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dividing`
Description	Each ''Isolating'' is an Action in which parts of some Object (or Group
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Isolation^c

DividingIntoFineParticles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DividingIntoFineParticles`
Description	''DividingIntoFineParticles'' is a subtype of ''Separation-Complete'' that creates a ''ParticulateMatter'' by some Action including ''CuttingInPieces'' or a ''PulverizationEvent''.
Super-classes	(CuttingInPieces^c or PulverizationEvent^c) Separation-Complete^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FineParticles^c

DividingSomethingIntoParts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DividingSomethingIntoParts`
Description	The general sense of an Action where something (a PhysicalObject, a Task, a Text, a Group of things - physical or abstract - etc) is divided into separate parts. This does not require that the parts move apart from each other: a partitioning of an office space or of a country is also a DividingSomethingIntoParts' For dividing a Group into subgroups by some criterion, use the subtytype 'Sorting' `Corresponds to senses 1 and 5 of verb 'divide' and sense 1 of 'split' in WordNet: 1. (20) divide, split, split up, separate, dissever, carve up - (separate into parts or portions; 'divide the cake into three equal parts'; 'The British carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I') 5. (1) separate, divide - (make a division or separation) WN noun 'division': 3. (4) division - (the act or process of dividing)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Divided^c produces^op value DivisionOfAnObject^c
Sub-classes	PartitioningSomething^c CreatingSubgroups^c Fragmentation^c Fragmenting^c Separation-Complete^c HalvingSomething^c

Divine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divine

Description

'Divine' is the attribute of a ''God''or of a God-like Supernatural Being.

       Includes adjective senses sense 1, 2, 3, and 5 of 'divine' in WordNet:
          1. (4) divine, godly - (emanating from God; 'divine judgment'; 
               'divine guidance'; 'everything is black1 or white...satanic or godly'-Saturday Review)
      2. (1) providential, divine - (resulting from divine providence;
           'providential care'; 'a providential visitation')
      3. (1) divine, godlike - (being or having the nature of a god;
           'the custom of killing the divine king upon any serious failure of 
                 his...powers'-J.G.Frazier; 'the divine will';
                 'the divine capacity for love'; " 'Tis wise to learn; 
                 'tis God-like to create " -J.G.Saxe)
          5. divine, godlike - (appropriate to or befitting a god; 
              'the divine strength of Achilles'; 'a man of godlike sagacity'; 
              'man must play God for he has acquired certain godlike powers'-R.H.Roveref)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DivineBeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DivineBeing`
Description	CYC: The collection of all divinities, or supernatural beings that are gods, demi-gods, or otherwise god-like. Instances of #$DivineBeing are believed to be immortal in some cultures. Note that this collection is not a specialization of #$Agent-Intangible, since some god-like beings are believed to have physical bodies. `The subtype ''God'' represents magical higher-level''DivineBeing''.`
Super-classes	SupernaturalBeing^c
Sub-classes	Angel^c God^c

Diviner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diviner`
Description	A ''Diviner'' is a ''Seer'' who claims to have non-physical powers. - usually a charlatan, though possibly truly inspired. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diviner' in WordNet: 1. diviner - (someone who claims to discover hidden knowledge with the aid of supernatural powers)`
Super-classes	Seer^c
Sub-classes	Prophet^c

Diving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Diving`
Description	''Diving'' is an intentional Act of plunging into a ''BodyOfWater''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dive' in WordNet: 2. (1) dive - (plunge into water; 'I was afraid to dive from the board into the pool')`
Super-classes	Plunging^c Falling-Freefall^c Descending^c OutdoorActivity^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c hasEndingPlace^op value BodyOfWater^c

DivisibleByTwo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DivisibleByTwo

Description

DivisibleByTwo is an Attribute of a number that ends in an even number; this includes fractions that have a final digit that is an even number. All 'EvenNumber's are Integers that have this property.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'even' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) even - (divisible by two)

Super-classes EvenlyDivisible^c

Division^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Division`
Description	A 'Division' is a suborganization of some larger organization that is called a 'division' by its parent organization. The meaning depend on the usage on the parent organization. In business, a division is smaller than a company, but in the military a company is smaller than a division. `The military sense is a subtype 'Division-Military' Corresponds to senses 1, 4, 10, and 11 of 'division' in WordNet: 4. (3) division - (an administrative unit in government or business) 1. (10) division - (an army unit large enough to sustain combat; 'two infantry divisions were held in reserve') 10. division, air division - (a unit of the United States Air Force usually comprising two or more wings) 11. division, naval division - (a group of ships of similar type)`
Super-classes	Suborganization^c
Sub-classes	Division-Military^c

Division-Military^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Division-Military`
Description	A Division-Military is a Division of soldiers or some other military unit called a 'division'. `Includes senses 1, 10, and 11 of 'division' in WordNet: 1. (10) division - (an army unit large enough to sustain combat; 'two infantry divisions were held in reserve') 10. division, air division - (a unit of the United States Air Force usually comprising two or more wings) 11. division, naval division - (a group of ships of similar type)`
Super-classes	Division^c MilitaryUnit^c
Sub-classes	ArmyDivision^c

DivisionOfAnObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DivisionOfAnObject

Description

  Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'division' in WordNet:
    2. (6) part, section, division - (one of the portions into which something is 
         regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole; 
        'the written part of the exam'; 'the finance section of the company';
        'the BBC's engineering division')

Super-classes Part^c
Object^c

Divisive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divisive`
Description	`No WN entry for this sense of 'divisive' RHW 'divisive': 2. creating dissension or discord.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing^op value Dissension^c
Sub-classes	Sectarian^c

Divisor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divisor`
Description	A ''Divisor'' is a Quantity that divides the ''Dividend'' in a 'division' operation, or the subtype ''Denominator' which is the related number that is the lower part of a ''Ratio'' (a fraction, with or without dimensions (units of measure)) `NOTE this is not restricted to real numbers it can be any kind of quantity that is susceptible to a division operation Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'divisor' in WordNet: 2. divisor - (the number by which a dividend is divided)`
Super-classes	Quantity^c
Sub-classes	Denominator^c

Divorce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divorce`
Description	The event which causes a marriage to end (when neither of the spouses' lives do). Although it involves a judge and a judgmentm this is not necessarily a ''CourtCase'' as it can be an amicable agreement. However, there will typically be one agent starting the action, and the second responding. There may also be a 'respondent', a third party alleged to be involved.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'divorce' in Wordnet: 1. (8) divorce, divorcement - (the legal dissolution of a marriage) WN verb 'divorce': 2. (2) divorce, split up - (get a divorce; formally terminate a marriage; 'The couple divorced after only 6 months')`
Super-classes	SocialInteraction^c LegalAction^c Breakup^c
Restrictions	terminatesState^op value Marriage^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Marrying^c

Divorced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Divorced

Description

This ''Divorced'' characterizes a Person who has dissolved a Marriage through ''Divorce'' and is not yet remarried. A person who experienced Divorce and then remarries is not characterized by this attribute.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'divorced' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) divorced - (of someone whose marriage has been legally dissolved)

Super-classes Unmarried^c

Dizziness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dizziness`
Description	''Dizziness'' is a ''MedicalSymptom'' that can be caused by any of multiple physiological events. It is also considered as a ''Feeling''. This ''Dizziness'' is for the feeling that the world is turning similar to the feeling one gets from being rotated in place. A general 'faintness' is represented by ''Lightheadedness''. `For 'lightheadedness' use ''Lightheadedness'', which does not necessarily include any element of dizziness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dizziness' in Wordnet: 1. dizziness, giddiness, lightheadedness, vertigo - (a reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall)`
Super-classes	Feeling^c MedicalSymptom^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Dizzy^c

Dizzy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dizzy

Description

The attribute of an animal experiencing ''Dizziness''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dizzy' in WordNet:
        1. (1) dizzy, giddy, woozy, vertiginous - (having or causing a whirling sensation;
           liable to falling; 'had a dizzy spell'; 'a dizzy pinnacle'; 
           'had a headache and felt giddy'; 'a giddy precipice'; 
           'feeling woozy from the blow on his head'; 'a vertiginous climb up the face of the cliff')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c

Dizzying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dizzying`
Description	`No adj sense of 'dizzying' in WN.`
Super-classes	Distressing^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing^op value Dizziness^c

DizzyingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DizzyingEvent`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dizzy' in WordNet: 1. dizzy - (make dizzy or giddy; 'a dizzying pace')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dizzying^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Dizzy^c causes^op value Dizziness^c

Dock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dock`
Description	$Dock is a specialization of #$FixedStructure, #$TransportFacility, and #$OutdoorLocation. Each instance of #$Dock is a long flat walkway that juts out over water from shorelines. A dock's main function is to provide a place to secure boats and to provide a place where passengers and cargo can be loaded and unloaded. This ''Dock'' includes waterside ''Platform''s that parallel the water designed or used for loading and unloading boats, as well as those that stick out into the water. Subtypes may be needed, e.g. 'pier' could be specific for jutting into the water: RHW 'pier' 1: structure built on posts extending from land out over water, used as a landing place for ships, an entertainment area, a strolling place, etc.; jetty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dock' in Wordnet: 3. pier, wharf, wharfage, dock - (a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats)
Super-classes	TransportFacility^c OutdoorObject^c FixedStructure^c Platform^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value LoadingaBoat^c hasDesignFunction^op value LoadingaBoat^c isAdjacentTo^op some BodyOfWater^c

DockingFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DockingFacility`
Description	A ''DockingFacility'' is a ''FixedStructure'' (a ''Facility-Generic'') that has at least one ''Dock''. `docking facility`
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 1
Sub-classes	Marina^c

DoctorOfPhilosophy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoctorOfPhilosophy

Description

Anyone who holds a 'PhDDegree' (PhD degree), not necessarily a philosopher.

     Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'doctor' in WordNet:
       4. doctor, Dr. - (a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent)
         from an academic institution; 'she is a doctor of philosophy in physics')

Super-classes Graduate^c

Doctoral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doctoral

Description

''"Doctoral'' pertains to a ''DoctoralDegree''or a Person with such a degree, or the course of studies leading to such a degree, including the final exam.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'doctoral' in Wordnet:
          1. doctoral, doctorial -
              (of or relating to a doctor or doctorate; 'doctoral dissertation'; 'doctorial candidates')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DoctoralDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoctoralDegree`
Description	Any degree called 'doctor' including MD, PhD, JurisDoctor, etc. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'doctor's degree' and 'doctorate' in WordNet: 1. doctor's degree, doctorate - - (one of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university)`
Super-classes	EducationalDegree^c
Sub-classes	PhDDegree^c

Doctrinal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doctrinal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'doctrinal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) doctrinal - (relating to or involving or preoccupied with doctrine; 'quibbling over doctrinal minutiae')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Document-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Document-Physical`
Description	An instance of a physical, visually readable written or printed document.- the physical object, not the informational content. Documents, such as ID cards, may be on materials other than paper, so this category is not a subtype of 'Paper-IBO'. The Rosetta Stone is an instance. However, the arrangement of electrons in an electronic or magnetic recording medium is not an instance of Document-Physical nor is a file recorded on a CD, even though the CD is a PhysicalObject; Digital documents that are on a physical medium are instances of ''DigitalInformationBearingObject'', otherwise they are instances of 'ComputerFile-Abstract',. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'document' in WordNet: 1. (3) document, written document, papers - (writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature))`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some (AbstractDocument^c or Event^c or EventType^c or DocumentType^c or DigitalInformationBearingObject^c) enablesOrAssists^op value Communication^c
Sub-classes	Bill-PaymentRequest^c VehicleRegistrationDocument^c PaperDocument^c FinancialDocument^c PetitionDocument^c CommercialInstrument^c AdvertisingDocument^c Excerpt^c DriversLicenseDocument^c Letter^c EnclosureDocument^c LastWillAndTestament^c RecordedTestimony^c Book-Physical^c WrittenCommunication^c PurchaseOrderDocument^c DocumentaryEvidence^c PostCard^c OfficialDocument^c Waiver^c Microfilm^c WrittenRecord^c

DocumentBindingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentBindingEvent`
Description	In Cyc called 'BindingEvent'. This should be used for creation of some document that is intended to be read as a whole. A stapling together of unrelated papers would not qualify as an instance. `This includes both hardover and softcover binding. Cyc: A collection of events. In each #$BindingEvent event, several loose sheets (of paper or other material) are combined into an ordered whole, which could be a book, a catalogue, or any kind of multipage document.`
Super-classes	Binding^c CoveringSomething^c
Sub-classes	GenericBookBinding^c

DocumentCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentCopy`
Description	A ''DocumentCopy'' is a ''ImageCopy'' produced by some copying process. This is not necessarily printed on a sheet of paper. The typical paper copy is represented by subtype ''Photocopy'' and its sutypes. this is not for 'hand-copying' a document.
Super-classes	ImageCopy^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByDeviceType^op value Copier^c
Sub-classes	Photocopy^c FaxCopy^c

DocumentCreation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentCreation`
Description	Each instance of ''DocumentCreation' is a ''Writing''event in which an IntelligentAgent creates a physical Text that is a ''Document-Physical''. This is very broad,including any kind of written document created, which may have a lot of images included. `NOTE that an instance of this type can be to create part of a document, not necessarily a complete document. Parts may be created by differentpeople, and each part ic created by an instance of this type. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'record' (broadly construed as creating a written document) in WordNet: 1. (36) record, enter, put down - (make a record of; set down in permanent form)`
Super-classes	Writing^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Document-Physical^c
Sub-classes	Registering^c

DocumentFormat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentFormat`
Description	A ''DocumentFormat'' is the ''Appearance'' (pattern of parts) of a document (abstract or physical) which can be as small as a line of text (free use of 'document'). `Two sense could be different, but sense 1 is not easily represented in detail. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'format' in WordNet in WordNet: 1. format, formatting, data format, data formatting - (the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)) 2. format - (the general appearance of a publication)`
Super-classes	Appearance^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op value Formatting^c

DocumentPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentPart`
Description	A ''DocumentPart'' is a part of an 'AbstractDocument''that is a ''Section'', in itself sufficiently complete and coherent to be represented as an ''AbstractDocument'' (rather than as just a sentence or paragraph). This can,for example, be an introduction, a summarizing abstract, a chapter of a book or an article in a Newspaper, Magazine, or Journal.
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c Section^c
Restrictions	containsSymbolicObject^op value AbstractText^c
Sub-classes	IntroductionToDocument^c Addendum^c MainSection^c HeadNote^c Chapter^c ProseArticle^c

DocumentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentType`
Description	''DocumentType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of documents (physical or abstract) as their argument.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	ReceiptVoucher Waiver Subtitle LastWillAndTestament ReportDocument DriversLicenseDocument PaperDocument WrittenCommunication Transcription Documents Letter Document-Physical EnclosureDocument VehicleRegistrationDocument OfficialDocument Book-Physical CommercialInstrument AdvertisingDocument Coupon DocumentaryEvidence

DocumentaryEvidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentaryEvidence`
Description	A 'PhysicalEvidence'' is a ''Document-Physical'' that can serve as evidence of some Events or facts. `If the ''DocumentaryEvidence'' is an official document then it will be an instance of the subtype ''DocumentaryRecord''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'documentation' in WordNet: 3. documentation, support - (documentary validation; 'his documentation of the results was excellent'; 'the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones')`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c PhysicalEvidence^c Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Writing^c
Sub-classes	Certificate^c DocumentaryRecord^c

DocumentaryMovie^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentaryMovie

Description

A ''DocumentaryMovie'' is a

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'documentary' in WordNet:
         1. (5) documentary, docudrama, documentary film, infotainment - 
            (a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event)

Super-classes Movie^c

DocumentaryRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentaryRecord`
Description	A 'DocumentaryRecord'' is an ''OfficialDocument'' that can serve as evidence of some Events, including Events such as a Person enrolling in a group or having been listed in some group of people, or financial transactions. @1701 A common subtype is a ''Register'' in which the names of people with some specific attributes (such as eligibility to vote) are listed, or a list of objects present in some location. See ''Register''. `Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'record' in WordNet: 8. (10) record - (a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction; 'they could find no record of the purchase') WN (i.e. the part that is a record created by a form of writing)`
Super-classes	InformationBearingObject^c OfficialDocument^c DocumentaryEvidence^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Record^c
Sub-classes	Register^c Payroll^c Checkbook^c

DocumentingaFact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DocumentingaFact`
Description	''DocumentingaFact'' is ''ConfirmingaFact'' by providing ''DocumentaryEvidence''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'documentation' in WordNet: 1. documentation, certification, corroboration - (confirmation that some fact or statement is true)`
Super-classes	ConfirmingaFact^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value DocumentaryEvidence^c

Documents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Documents`
Description	A Group consisting of at least two ''Document-Physical''s alls dealing with a single Topic or some small number of related Topics. This can be used for the documents requested from the government in a ''Freedom of Information'' request. `NOTE: this senses of 'papers' is interpreted as a plural number of documents. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'document' in WordNet: 1. (3) document, written document, papers - (writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature))`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op min 2 hasComponentElement^op min 2

Doer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doer`
Description	A ''Doer'' is a ''Person'' who is a ''Participant'' in some ''Event'' that usually accomplishes what s/he sets out to 'do' (presumably as a result of ''Determination'' as well as skill.. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'doer' in WordNet: 2. actor, doer, worker - (a person who acts and gets things done; 'he's a principal actor in this affair'; 'when you want something done get a doer'; 'he's a miracle worker')`
Super-classes	Actor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Determined^c
Sub-classes	SelfStarter^c

Dog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dog`
Description	A #$BiologicalSpecies (scientific name 'Canis familiaris') that is a specialization of #$CanineAnimal (q.v.). Each instance of #$Dog is a canine animal that has either been bred to be a domestic pet (see #$DomesticatedAnimal) or is a wild canine animal that is not an instance of #$Wolf, #$Fox, or any other non-dog specialization of #$CanineAnimal, such as the Australian #$Dingo. Note that although #$Dog and #$Wolf are considered distinct #$BiologicalSpecies, instances of the two can and do interbreed successfully. This species classification is therefore unusual, and in some circles, controversial. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dog' in WordNet: 1. (42) dog, domestic dog, Canis familiaris - (a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds; 'the dog barked all night')`
Super-classes	DomesticatedAnimal^c Canine^c
Sub-classes	Spaniel^c Bulldog^c WorkingDog^c Poodle^c HuntingDog^c Dalmatian^c Hound^c Dachshund^c Pug^c Puppy^c

DogBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DogBed`
Description	A small, soft, usually round cushioned fabric object with low sides, designed to sit on the ground and provide a comfortable place for dogs (or cats) to lie.
Super-classes	Object-SupportingFurniture^c

DogCollar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DogCollar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dog collar' in WordNet: 1. dog collar - (a collar for a dog)`
Super-classes	RestrainingCollar^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Dog^c

DogFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DogFood`
Description	A subtype of 'AnimalFood' intended for eating by pet dogs. `CYC: The collection of all dog food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dog food' in WordNet: 1. dog food - (food prepared for dogs)`
Super-classes	AnimalFood^c PetFood^c
Restrictions	isForTheUseOf^op value Dog^c

DogSled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DogSled

Description

This is considered as transporter, even though it is also used in some sporting contests such as the 'Iditerod'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dogsled' in WordNet:
        1. dogsled, dog sled, dog sleigh - (a sled pulled by dogs)

Super-classes LandTransportationDevice^c
SnowSurfaceTransporter^c

Doghouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doghouse`
Description	A ''Doghouse'' is a small ''Outbuilding'' just large enough to fit a ''Dog'' inside, to allow it to stay out of bad weather. A 'kennel' may fit more than one dog. `CYC: Each #$Doghouse is a small structure, usually found in backyards, intended to provide a pet dog shelter from the weather. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doghouse' in WordNet: 1. (1) kennel, doghouse, dog house - (outbuilding that serves as a shelter for a dog)`
Super-classes	ShelterConstruction^c Outbuilding^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value Dog^c

Dogmatical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dogmatical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dogmatical' in Wordnet: 1. dogmatic, dogmatical - (characterized by assertion of unproved or unprovable principles)`
Super-classes	Biased^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Partiality^c

Dogsledding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dogsledding`
Description	''Dogsledding'' is a ''Sleighing'' Action in a ''Dogsled'' over snow, pulled by a ''Husky'' or other sled dog. `'What fun it is to ride and sing a sleighing song tonight.' (Jingle Bells) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dogsled' in Wordnet: 1. dogsled, mush - (travel with a dogsled)`
Super-classes	RidingInaVehicle^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value DogSled^c hadObjectRidden^op value DogSled^c

DogwoodTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DogwoodTree

Description

A ''DogwoodTree'' is covered with lovely white or pink blossoms in the spring.

     CYC: 'Dogwood'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dogwood tree' in WordNet:
         1. dogwood, dogwood tree, cornel - (a tree of shrub 
            of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers)

Super-classes FloweringTree^c

Doily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doily`
Description	Considered logically as a subtype of 'TableCloth' though 'TableCloth' usually means a cloth to cover a whole table (should this be subtype?). Note that WN has a subtype 'tea cloth' ('a small tablecloth'), so the WN 'TableCloth' does not have to cover the whole table. `Distinguished by maximum width, and made of linen. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doily' or 'doyly' or 'doyley' in Wordnet: 1. doily, doyley, doyly - (a small round piece of linen place under a dish or bowl)`
Super-classes	TableCloth^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Linen^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c

DoingAHomeworkAssignment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingAHomeworkAssignment`
Description	The execution of a ''Homework'' assignment. ''Homework'' itself is in CYC: The collection of all educational #$Tasks assigned by a #$Teacher to a #$Student to be performed outside of school hours. Generally involves reading, writing, and/or solving problems.
Super-classes	Studying^c DoingSomething^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op only Homework^c

DoingAddition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingAddition`
Description	The Action of doing addition with numbers, an arithmetic operation. This can be done by a person or machine. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'addition' and senses 4 and 5 of 'add' in WordNet: 6. summation, addition, plus - (the arithmetic operation of summing; calculating the sum of two or more numbers; 'the summation of four and three gives seven'; 'four plus three equals seven') WN verb 'add': 4. (13) add, add together - (make an addition by combining numbers; 'Add 27 and 49, please!') 5. (8) total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate, tote up, add, add together, tally, add up - (determine the sum of; 'Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town')
Super-classes	AddingEvent^c DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Sum^c

DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingAnArithmeticOperation`
Description	In SUMO called 'Calculating'. This category includes all operations on numbers including simple counting of objects, whether physical or mental. This requires a ''QuantityGroup'' as the input, whether that Group is two or more ''Quantity''s. It excludes mathematical operations on purely symbolic non-numerical objects (as in logic), but calculations in which manipulation of symbols produces a numerical result, as in some algebra operations, is included. SUMO: IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of Quantity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'calculate' and verb sense 1 of 'compute' and verb sense 4 of 'figure' and noun sense 1 of 'calcualtion' in WordNet: 1. (26) calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure - (make a mathematical calculation or computation) WN noun 'calculation': 1. (12) calculation, computation, computing - (the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods) 2. (4) calculation, computation, figuring, reckoning - (problem solving that involves numbers or quantities) WN verb 'figure': 4. (2) calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure - (make a mathematical calculation or computation)
Super-classes	DoingMath^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some QuantityGroup^c
Sub-classes	DoingDivision^c DoingAddition^c TakingAnAverage^c DoingMultiplication^c ConvertingUnits^c Counting^c DoingSubtraction^c

DoingDivision^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingDivision

Description

The human activity of performing artithmetic division.

     Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'divide' and sense 5 of 'division' in WordNet:
       2. (16) divide, fraction - (perform a division; "Can you divide 49 by seven?")
     WN 'division':
       5. (2) division - (an arithmetic operation that is the inverse of multiplication;
         the quotient of two numbers is computed)

Super-classes DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c

DoingMath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingMath`
Description	Performing math calculations, usually in the head, possibly aided by writing down starting numbers or results. This is (among other things) what algebra students do when they do their algebra homework. Having a dumb machine do the calculations is something different, but an Artifical Intelligence doing math might qualify.. This is not restricted to doing only arithmetic operations, it can be for even very abstract mathematical procedures that do not directly involve numerical quantities, so is a supertype of 'DoingAnArithmeticOperation'. Includes but appears to be broader than verb sense 1 of 'calculate' and verb sense 1 of 'compute' and noun sense 1 of 'calcualtion' in WordNet: 1. (26) calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure - (make a mathematical calculation or computation) WN noun 'calculation': 1. (12) calculation, computation, computing - (the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods)
Super-classes	DoingSomething^c Computing^c PurposefulMentalActivity^c
Sub-classes	DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c SolvingAnAlgebraEquation^c

DoingMultiplication^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingMultiplication

Description

The human activity of performing artithmetic multiplication.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'multiply' and noun sense 1 of
        'multiplication' in WordNet:
        1. (23) multiply - (combine by multiplication; 'multiply 10 by 15')
       WN 'multiplication':
         1. (2) multiplication, times - (an arithmetic operation that is the 
         inverse of division; the product of two numbers is computed;
         'the multiplication of four by three gives twelve'; 
         'four times three equals twelve')

Super-classes DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c

DoingOnesDuty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingOnesDuty`
Description	Each ''DoingOnesDuty'' is an instance of an Action in which a Person executes some Action which is an ''Obligation' or part of an ''Obligation''.
Super-classes	FulfillingAnObligation^c CarryingOutaTask^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conforming^c

DoingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingSomething`
Description	''DoingSomething'' is a subtype of ''Action'' on which something is changed - not necessarily the thing intended. So this is a ''BecomingEvent'' because something is accomplshed, but it is not necessarily a ''SuccessfulAction'' because the thing that is accomplished is not necessarily the intended ''Goal'' of the action. The thing that is accomplished (A ''PersistentState'' or change) is pointed to by the relation ''hadChangedEntity'' inherited from ''BecomingEvent''. The thing that is accomplished may be reversed (if reversible) by an ''Undoing'' action. The ''UndoingAction'' might itself be reversed by an opposite ''DoingSomething'', which would then be an''UndoingAction'' of the previous action; (or the thing done could be undone by natural forces) , and the do/undo cycle may go back and forth - but that is not a typical sequence of ''DoingSomething'' actions. The closest synset in WN to this concept is verb sense 5 of 'do'; but that synset includes 'causing' an Event that is not a ''Persistentstate''. Causing an Event that is not a ''Persistentstate''is best expressed by the type ''CausingSomething'' and the relation 'causes'' in WordNet: 5. (35) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident')
Super-classes	PerformingSomeAction^c AffectingSomething^c BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	DoingAHomeworkAssignment^c DoingMath^c Unfastening^c UndoingAction^c Excelling^c

DoingSubtraction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingSubtraction`
Description	The human activity of performing an arithmetic subtraction, having two participants, the ''Subtrahend'' that is subtracted from the ''Minuend''. NOTE: the participants ''Minuend'' and ''Subtrahend'' could be pure numbers or of any type of quantitative measure, and should be represented as an ''OrderedPair'', which could require a common measure for both. @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subtract' and noun sense 1 of 'subtraction' in WordNet: 1. (10) subtract, deduct, take off - (make a subtraction) WN noun 'subtraction': 1. subtraction, minus - (an arithmetic operation in which the difference between two numbers is calculated; 'the subtraction of three from four leaves one'; 'four minus three equals one')
Super-classes	DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value Minuend^c hasParticipant^op value Subtrahend^c
Sub-classes	SubtractingAnExpense^c

DoingThingsTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingThingsTogether`
Description	''DoingThingsTogether'' is any HumanActivity that depends for its essential character on the participation of two or more people in a common goal. The 'togetherness' aspect of this type does not require that the people be in direct physical contact; an exchange of ideas by any communication method can provide the link that allows people to work together for a common goal.
Super-classes	EngagingInAnActivity^c PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value AccompanyingaPerson^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Accompanier^c or GroupOfPeople^c or RoleType^c)
Sub-classes	Marriage^c HumanGroupActivity^c CommonEndeavor^c WorkingTogether^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatAndDianeTouchingEachOther1986

DoingaJig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoingaJig`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jig' in WordNet: 4. jig - (any of various old rustic dances involving kicking and leaping) WN verb 'jig': 1. (1) jig - (dance a quick dance with leaping and kicking motions)`
Super-classes	FolkDancing^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Kicking^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lively^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Jumping^c

Doll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doll`
Description	`CYC 'DOll-Toy': A toy person which children usually play with or collect Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doll' in Wordnet: 1. (1) doll, dolly - (a small replica of a person; used as a toy)`
Super-classes	Toy^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Person^c

DollCarriage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DollCarriage`
Description	A small carriage similar in design to a ''BabyCarriage'' but designed as a toy, and smaller, built less ruggedly and without safety features, suitable for carrying dolls as though they were human infants. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'carriage' in WordNet: 5. baby buggy, baby carriage, carriage, perambulator, pram, stroller, go-cart, pushchair, pusher - (a small vehicle with four wheels in which a baby or child is pushed around)`
Super-classes	BabyCarriage^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c isDesignedToContain^op value Doll^c hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 150.0^c

DollHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DollHouse`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dollhouse' in WordNet: 2. dollhouse, doll's house - (a small model of a house used as a toy by children)`
Super-classes	ToyReplica^c SmallObject^c Toy^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value House^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Doll^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value MinorChild^c

Dolomite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dolomite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dolomite' in WordNet: 1. dolomite - (a kind of sedimentary rock resembling marble or limestone but rich in magnesium carbonate)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c SedimentaryStone^c

Dolphin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dolphin`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dolphin' in WordNet: 2. dolphin - (any of various small toothed whales with a beaklike snout; larger than porpoises)`
Super-classes	DolphinOrPorpoise^c

DolphinOrPorpoise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DolphinOrPorpoise`
Description	CYC: Refers to mammalian dolphins and porpoises, as opposed to the fish often called a dolphin.
Super-classes	Cetacean^c
Sub-classes	Dolphin^c

DomainOfKnowledge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomainOfKnowledge`
Description	A ''DomainOfKnowledge'' is some specific group of facts or interests or activities that people may be interested in. This can be informal and can be of interest to a very small group of people, whereas the subtype ''FieldOfStudy'' subsumes topics that have become subjects of formal study, research, analysis, amd publication, particularly in institutions of higher learning. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domain' in Wordnet: 5. domain, region, realm - (a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; 'it was a limited domain of discourse'; 'here we enter the region of opinion'; 'the realm of the occult')`
Super-classes	Topic^c
Sub-classes	FieldOfStudy^c

Dome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dome`
Description	A ''Dome'' is a ''Roof'' that is hemispherical or some truncated part of a hemishere in shape. This includes 'domes' on vehicles. `CYC: A domed roof. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'dome' in WordNet: 4. dome - (a hemispherical roof)`
Super-classes	Roof^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op some Hemisphere^c

DomedCeiling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomedCeiling`
Description	A ''DomedCeiling'' is a ''Ceiling'' whose internal surface is in the shae of a ''Dome''
Super-classes	FabricObject^c Ceiling^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op some Dome^c

Domestic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Domestic

Description

''Domestic'' is the attribute of something that pertains to a Home, or a residence, or things that occur in a residence.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domestic' in WordNet:
       2. (8) domestic - (of or relating to the home; 'domestic servant'; 'domestic science')
       3. (3) domestic - (of or involving the home or family; 'domestic worries';
        'domestic happiness'; 'they share the domestic chores';
        'everything sounded very peaceful and domestic'; 
        'an author of blood-and-thunder novels yet quite domestic in his taste')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DomesticAquarium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticAquarium`
Description	A ''DomesticAquarium'' is a small ''Aquarium'' that is a portable object. maintained inside a residence or room in a place of business, usually having four transparent (e.g. glass) sides for viewing for pleasure. ''Aquarium''s kept in a food store to hold live aquatic animals for sale are not instances.
Super-classes	Aquarium^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 200.0^c

DomesticCat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticCat`
Description	Cats people commonly keep as pets. `SUMO: A variety of Feline which has been domesticated by selective breeding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domestic cat' and of 'house cat' and sense 4 of 'kitty' (informal term)in WordNet: 1. domestic cat, house cat, Felis domesticus, Felis catus - (any domesticated member of the genus Felis) WN 'kitty': 4. kitty, kitty-cat, puss, pussy, pussycat - (informal terms referring to a domestic cat)`
Super-classes	Cat^c DomesticPet^c
Sub-classes	AbyssinianCat^c

DomesticCattle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticCattle`
Description	All types of animals that can be referred to as 'cattle'; includes buffalo, cows.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cattle' in WordNet: 1. (25) cattle, cows, kine, oxen, Bos taurus - (domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age; 'so many head of cattle'; 'wait till the cows come home'; 'seven thin and ill-favored kine'- Bible; 'a team of oxen') WN noun 'bovine': 1. bovine - (any of various members of the genus Bos)`
Super-classes	HerdAnimal^c MeatBearingAnimal^c DomesticatedAnimal^c Bovine^c
Sub-classes	Ox^c Calf^c

DomesticHelp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticHelp`
Description	. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domestic help' in WordNet: 1. domestic, domestic help, house servant - (a servant who is paid to perform menial tasks around the household)`
Super-classes	UnskilledWorker^c Servant^c
Sub-classes	Maid^c Housekeeper^c

DomesticHen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticHen

Description

An adult female domestic chicken.

 Corresponds to noun sense  of 'hen' in WordNet:
   1. (22) hen, biddy - (adult female chicken)

Super-classes Hen^c
Chicken^c

DomesticPartner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticPartner`
Description	'DomesticPartner' is The Role of a Companion who lives together in a loving and often intimate relationship with a Person as a living unit, whether married or unmarried, homosexual or heterosexual. Tax laws, employment conditions, and some states may formally recognize this relationship. `Merely sharing a living space does not qualify as being a ''DomesticPartner''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'domestic partner' and sense 3 of 'lover' in WordNet: 1. domestic partner, significant other, spousal equivalent, spouse equivalent - (a person (not necessarily a spouse) with whom you cohabit and share a long-term sexual relationship) WN noun 'lover': 3. lover - (a significant other to whom you are not related by marriage)`
Super-classes	LovedOne^c Partner^c Companion^c
Sub-classes	Spouse^c

DomesticPet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticPet`
Description	$DomesticPet is a specialization of `#$DomesticatedAnimal, #$HumanOccupationConstructResident, and #$PortableObject. Each specialization of #$DomesticPet is a type of domesticated animal kept by humans to provide some form of pleasure; dogs and cats are kept primarily for companionship, but fish, birds, rodents and yard animals may serve in this role, and may be related by the ''mayFillTheRoleOf'' relation.` . Many members of #$DomesticPet live in the homes of their owners. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pet' in WordNet: 1. (2) pet - (a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement)`
Super-classes	DomesticatedAnimal^c HumanOccupationConstructResident^c PortableObject^c
Sub-classes	Hamster^c Gerbil^c DomesticCat^c

Domestically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Domestically

Description

''Domestically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective (AttributeValue) and specifies that the adjective is to be taken as 'with respect to the mind': 'Domestically inclined'

          Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'domestically' in WordNet:
            2. domestically - (with respect to home or family;
               'the housewife bored us with her domestically limited conversation')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

DomesticatedAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticatedAnimal`
Description	A specialization of #$TameAnimal. Each instance of #$DomesticatedAnimal is an animal that has been bred and trained in such a way that it cannot readily survive in the wild. Domesticated animals are kept by humans for labor, transportation, food, or as pets, and their relations with humans are more or less cooperative. #$DomesticatedAnimal does not include most wild animals kept in zoos (see #$CaptiveAnimal). Cf. #$WildAnimal. `SUMO(domesticAnimal) Any Animal that is kept by a Human, as a pet, as livestock, for exhibition, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domestic animal' in WordNet: 1. (1) domestic animal - (any of various domesticated animals)`
Super-classes	TameAnimal^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Domestic^c
Sub-classes	DomesticPet^c Sheep-Domestic^c FarmAnimal^c Dog^c DraftAnimal^c Mule^c Poultry^c DomesticCattle^c Pig^c Cow^c Goat-Domestic^c

DomesticatedAnimalFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DomesticatedAnimalFood`
Description	A specialization of #$Food. Each instance of #$DomesticatedAnimalFood is a foodstuff produced by human beings and intended for consumption by domesticated animals. This collection includes feed manufactured for horses, cattle, chickens, and other farm animals, as well as pet food.
Super-classes	Food^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	isForTheUseOf^op value DomesticatedAnimal^c
Sub-classes	PetFood^c

Dominant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dominant

Description

''Dominant'' is an Attribute of People or Groups who have ''controllingAuthority'' over other people or groups.

      For the subsense meaning 'having strong influence' use ''HighlyInfluential''

      Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'dominant' (the part
        meaning ability to dominate people) in WordNet:
           1. (51) dominant - (exercising influence or control; 
           'television plays a dominant role in molding public opinion'; 
           'the dominant partner in the marriage')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DominatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DominatingSomething`
Description	''DominatingSomething'' is a vague class of ''Action''s that include being in large numbers and being very prominent in some context. Subtypes can be more specific when needed. `Corresponds to sense 1 of verb 'dominate' in Wordnet: 1. (9) predominate, dominate, rule, reign, prevail - (be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance; 'Money reigns supreme here'; 'Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood') (be located or situated some`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op only (SocialGroup^c or Government^c or Country^c or OrganizationType^c)
Sub-classes	PreponderatingOverSomething^c Hegemony^c ControllingAnAgent^c

Dominican^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dominican`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'Dominican' in Wordnet: 2. Dominican - (of or relating to Saint Dominic or the Dominican order; 'Dominican monks')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

DominicanFriar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DominicanFriar`
Description	order, monastic order Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dominican' in WordNet: 1. Dominican, Black Friar, Blackfriar, friar preacher - (a Roman Catholic friar wearing the black mantle of the Dominican order)
Super-classes	Friar^c CatholicPerson^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value DominicanOrder^c

DominicanOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DominicanOrder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dominican order' in WordNet: 1. Dominican order - (a Roman Catholic order of mendicant preachers founded in the 13th century)`
Super-classes	MonasticOrder^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value DominicanFriar^c

Dominion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dominion

Description

The physical and functional sides of a Protectorate - a geopolitical entity that is nearly independent; it is still somewhat influenced by a foreign power, and (typically) weakly defended by them in case of attack.

          Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Dominion' in WordNet:
            3. Dominion - (one of the self-governing nations in the British Commonwealth)

Super-classes ControlledLand^c

Domino^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Domino`
Description	A ''Domino'' is a small ''Block'' with length about twice the width and thickness less than half the width, used as one of multiple pieces in the game of ''Dominoes''. The length is usually less than three inches. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domino' in WordNet: 4. domino - (a small rectangular block used in playing the game of dominoes; the face of each block has two equal areas that can bear 0 to 6 dots)`
Super-classes	Block^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Dominoes^c

DominoMask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DominoMask`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'domino' in WordNet: 3. domino, half mask, eye mask - (a mask covering the upper part of the face but with holes for the eyes)`
Super-classes	Mask^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value BothEyes^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value HumanHead^c

Dominoes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dominoes`
Description	''Dominoes'' is a ''TableGame'' using ''Domino'' pieces laid against each other in a pattern. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dominoes' in WordNet: 1. dominoes, dominos - (any of several games played with small rectangular blocks)`
Super-classes	TableGame^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Domino^c

Donating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Donating`
Description	A 'Donating'' is a ''GivingaGift'' in which the thing given is a ''Donation'' (a ''ValuableThing'') for some cause, person, group or Organization. This is more specific than just giving to some person who is not in need of substantial assistance; typically the recipient is a ''NonProfitOrganization''. Giving a non-critical gift would be an instance of the parent type ''GivingaGift''. NOTE that 'donating blood' or 'donating an organ' to a specific Person would be an instance of 'GivingaGift', as the recipient is not a ''NonProfitOrganization''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'donate' and verb sense 2 of'contribute' in WordNet: 1. (7) donate - (give to a charity or good cause; 'I donated blood to the Red Cross for the victims of the earthquake'; 'donate money to the orphanage'; 'She donates to her favorite charity every month') WN verb 'contribute': 2. (25) contribute, give, chip in, kick in - (contribute to some cause; 'I gave at the office')
Super-classes	GivingaGift^c ContributingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Donation^c isPerformedBy^op some Donor^c hadBeneficiary^op some NonProfitOrganization^c
Sub-classes	DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney^c Endowing^c DonatingToaReligiousOrganization^c

DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney`
Description	A ''DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney'' is a 'Donating'' that is usually aseries of ''Donating'' Actions, which in total exceed the amount of money a middle-class Person could donate, or even earn in one year.. This is set here at more than a million 2019 dollars. Other numbers can be
Super-classes	Donating^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some LargeAmountOfMoney^c

DonatingToaReligiousOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DonatingToaReligiousOrganization`
Description	A ''DonatingToaReligiousOrganization'' is a 'Donating'' in which the recipient is a ''ReligiousOrganization''. A donation to a ''ReligiousOrganization'' is called an 'offering' by some, thus is a specialized subtype.
Super-classes	Donating^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some ReligiousOrganization^c hadBeneficiary^op some ReligiousOrganization^c hadThingTransferred^op some DonationOffering^c

Donation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Donation`
Description	A ''Donation'' is a Gift (the thing given,not the Action) of something valuable, usually a quantity of Money, to some Organization or 'cause', typically as a resut of some ''SolicitationOfMoney' made public or made in private. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'donation' in WordNet: 1. (2) contribution, donation - (a voluntary gift (as of money or service or ideas) made to some worthwhile cause)`
Super-classes	Object^c Gift^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some Donating^c
Sub-classes	DonationOffering^c

DonationOffering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DonationOffering`
Description	A ''DonationOffering''is a ''Donation'' that is a quantity of Money given to a ''ReligiousOrganization''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'offering' in WordNet: 2. offering - (money contributed to a religious organization)`
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c Donation^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op value DonatingToaReligiousOrganization^c

Done^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Done`
Description	''Done'' is an Attribute of Food that has been ''Cooked'' sufficiently to be fit for enjoyable consumption. Degrees of ''Done'' can vary from ''rare' to ''well done', to suit the taste of the dining Person. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'done' in Wordnet: 2. done - (cooked until ready to serve)`
Super-classes	Cooked^c PastParticiple^c ReadyToEat^c
Sub-classes	WellDone^c

DoneWell^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoneWell

Description

''DoneWell'' is a subtype of 'Successful' an AttributeValue specifically for a SuccessfulAction that was performed with better than average skill, speed,or outcome. No exact WN sense for this.

      RHW adj 'well-done':
        1. performed accurately and diligently; executed with skill and efficiency.
      RHW adj 'boffo':
       2. highly effective or successful: He gave a boffo performance as Cyrano.

       Closest Corresponding WN adjective sense is sense 1 of 'boffo' in Wordnet:
             1. boffo - (resoundingly successful and popular;
                   'for years he was a boffo box office certainty')

Super-classes Successful^c
Effective^c

Donee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Donee`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for beneficiaries of a ''Donating'' Action) noun sense 1 of 'donee' in WordNet: 1. beneficiary, donee - (the recipient of funds or other benefits)`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c RoleInAnEvent^c Beneficiary^c
Restrictions	isTheBeneficiaryOf^op value Donating^c

Donkey^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Donkey

Description

CYC: The collection of all donkeys; a subset of #$EquineAnimal. Also called burros, donkeys are slightly smaller than most horses. Elements of #$Donkey may belong to either of the collections #$DomesticatedAnimal or #$WildAnimal. Domesticated donkeys are used for draught and riding. Donkeys can interbreed with horses to produce a nonfertile mule or a jenny (see #$Horse, #$Mule).

        SUMO: A domesticated HoofedMammal that is used for 
          work.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'donkey' in WordNet:
           2. domestic ass, donkey, Equus asinus - (domestic beast of burden
             descended from the African wild ass; patient but stubborn)

Super-classes Livestock^c
Ass^c

Donor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Donor`
Description	A ''Donor'' is a ''Giver'' that gives a ''Donation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'giver' and sense 1 of 'contributor' in WordNet: 2. donor, giver, presenter, bestower, conferrer - (person who makes a gift of property) WN noun 'contributor': 1. (1) subscriber, contributor - (someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money)`
Super-classes	Giver^c Contributor^c Benefactor^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some Donating^c
Sub-classes	Philanthropist^c

Doofus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doofus`
Description	''Doofus'' is a deprecatingr insultingword used to assert that some Person ineptor incompetent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doofus' in WordNet: 1. dimwit, nitwit, half-wit, doofus - (a stupid incompetent person)`
Super-classes	StupidPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Moronic^c

Doom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doom`
Description	''Doom' is a ''Destiny'' that is really ''Bad'' or ''Undesirable'', usually including a premature or unpleasant ''Death''. NOTE: the only WN sense includes 'end of the world', but that concept is represened by the subtype ''EndOfTheWorld'' This type is closer to the RHW senses 1 and 2 of 'doom': 1. fate or destiny, esp. adverse fate; unavoidable ill fortune: In exile and poverty, he met his doom. 2. ruin; death: to fall to one's doom. This COSMO concept, like the parent ''Destiny'' is not used in a technical or scientific sense, but is a representation of a real concept (''LifeTime'') that has a strong relation to popular or philosophic notions of the forces that affect people, inlcuding 'luck'. The logical representation of this popular notion is represented by the relation ''mayBeCausedBy Fate'', which makes no commitment about the reality of that mystical force. In some dialects represented by the noun 'weird': RHW noun 'weird': n. Chiefly Scot. 4. fate; destiny. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'doom' in WordNet: 1. (3) doom, doomsday, day of reckoning, end of the world - (an unpleasant or disastrous destiny; 'everyone was aware of the approaching doom but was helpless to avoid it'; 'that's unfortunate but it isn't the end of the world')
Super-classes	Destiny^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bad^c
Sub-classes	EndOfheWorld^c

Door^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Door`
Description	Called 'DoorwayCovering' in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$PortalCovering. Each instance of #$DoorwayCovering is a physical object used to cover some kind of portal, including but not limited to doorways in buildings. This collection also includes doors of cars, buses, subways, elevators, garages, airplane hangars - coverings over any doors that people (and perhaps vehicles) pass through. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'door' in WordNet: 1. (98) door - (a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle; 'he knocked on the door'; 'he slammed the door as he left')`
Super-classes	PortalCovering^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Doorway^c
Sub-classes	PetDoor^c ExteriorDoor^c GarageDoor^c Tailgate^c ScreenDoor^c CarDoor^c

DoorKnob^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoorKnob`
Description	A ''Knob'' is a Handle that is round, close to spherical (''Ovoidal''), and is just large enough to be grasped conveniently by the hand, to open a door or drawer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorknob' in Wordnet: 1. (1) doorknob, doorhandle - (a knob used to release the catch when opening a door (often called 'doorhandle' in Great Britain))`
Super-classes	Knob^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value Door^c

DoorLatch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoorLatch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'door latch' in WordNet: 1. latch, door latch - (spring-loaded doorlock that can only be opened from the outside with a key)`
Super-classes	Lock^c

DoorMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoorMan`
Description	A ''DoorMan'' is a Person (male or female) stands at or monitors the front Door of a building to open the door for people who are entitled to enter, and refuse entry or call someone who can authorize entry. `CYC: Someone who opens and closes a door (usually the outside entrance to a hotel, apartment bldg, or commercial building frequented by many people) as the main task of his/her job. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorman' in WordNet: 1. (3) doorkeeper, doorman, door guard, hall porter, porter, gatekeeper, ostiary - (someone who guards an entrance)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c ServicePosition^c BlueCollarWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GuardingProperty^c

DoorMat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoorMat`
Description	A small rug placed near a doorway, usually to prevent tracking of dirt and mud into the room. `Rug or Mat?? use both here as parents. It could be either, and functionally is both. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'doormat' in WordNet: 2. doormat, welcome mat - (a mat placed outside an exterior door for wiping the shoes before entering)`
Super-classes	Mat^c Rug^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyInFrontOf^op value ExteriorDoor^c

DoorOrWindow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoorOrWindow`
Description	A ''DoorOrWindow'' is a ''PortalCovering'' that is a ''Door'' or a ''Window'.
Super-classes	PortalCovering^c

DoorSill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoorSill`
Description	A ''DoorSill'' is the ''Sill'' at the bottom of a doorway. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorsill' in WordNet: 1. doorsill, doorstep, threshold - (the sill of a door; a horizontal piece of wood or stone that forms the bottom of a doorway and offers support when passing through a doorway)`
Super-classes	Sill^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Doorway^c

DoorStep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoorStep`
Description	A step found right before a doorway. `Note: perhaps this should be a Flight of stairs - more common usage??`
Super-classes	Stair^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Doorway^c

Doorbell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doorbell`
Description	A ''Doorbell'' is a ''ControlButton'' (operated by pushing it) located on the outside door frame of a building, that activates a ringing or buzzing sound to alert the occupant(s) that someone is at the door. `CYC: The device found by outside doors which ring inside the building to indicate that someone is at the door. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorbell' in WordNet: 1. (1) doorbell, bell, buzzer - (a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed)`
Super-classes	ControlButton^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some ExteriorDoor^c

Doorway^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doorway

Description

$Doorway is a specialization of #$Portal,

        #$CavityWithWalls, and #$Artifact-NonAgentive.  Each
        instance of #$Doorway is a portal in some instance of
        #$HumanOccupationConstruct (q.v.), suitable for people (and
        perhaps vehicles) to enter and exit.  Each instance of
        #$Doorway includes the frame, not merely the empty space
        within the doorway.  Instances of #$Doorway include doorways
        to houses, office buildings, elevators, automobiles,
        airplanes, and garages.

        SUMO: A StationaryArtifact consisting of a frame that 
          holds a Door.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorway and sense 2 of 'door' in WordNet:
         WN 'door'  
           2. (36) doorway, door, room access, threshold -
            (the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room 
             or building; the space that a door can close; 'he stuck his head in the doorway')

Super-classes Portal^c
CavityWithWalls^c
SpaceInAHOC^c

DoorwayCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoorwayCovering`
Description	A Cyc term meaning about the same thing as 'Door', which is preferred for its intuitive meaning..
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Dormant-NonGrowing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dormant-NonGrowing

Description

The CYC 'dormant' is for plants,and in CYC it is a lant that is 'dormant' (e.g. in winter). In COSMO this attribute ''Dormant-NonGrowing'' is an attribute value of a Plant.

      CYC: 'Dormant': The collection of instances of #$Plant that have
        completed their flower/fruit producting stages and are no
        longer active.  Positive example: a deciduous tree (one that
        loses its leaves) in winter.

         For animals use '''Hibernating''
       Corresponds to part (for plants) of adjective sense 3 of 'dormant' in Wordnet:
           3. dormant, hibernating, torpid - (in a condition of biological
            rest or suspended animation; "dormant buds"; "a hibernating bear"; "torpid frogs")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Dormant-NotErupting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dormant-NotErupting`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dormant' in Wordnet: 1. dormant, inactive - (of e.g. volcanos; not erupting and not extinct ; 'a dormant volcano')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Dormitory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dormitory`
Description	A ''Dormitory'' can be at a College or at a private school that is at the high-shool level. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dormitory' in WordNet: 1. (2) dormitory, dorm, residence hall, hall, student residence - (a college or university building containing living quarters for students)`
Super-classes	OfficialResidence^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some School^c isaHabitatOf^op value Student^c

Dorsal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dorsal

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dorsal' in Wordnet:
          1. dorsal - (belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface 
              of an animal or organ or part; 'the dorsal fin is the vertical fin 
              on the back of a fish and certain marine mammals')

Super-classes BodyLocationAttribute^c

Dosage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dosage

Description

A ''Dosage'' is a ''DoseOfDrug'' in a quantity of drug recommended by a physician or other drug supplier or provider, as appropriate for a certain condition and time. This may consist of one or more pills to be taken at one time. This is commonly some quantity of pills, or volume of liquid, or weight of a drug.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dosage' in WordNet:
         1. (6) dose, dosage - (the quantity of an active agent
            (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time)

Super-classes DrugObject^c

DosageForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DosageForm`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc, where there was no taxonomic distinction between substances and objects, this metatype was used to label both substances (in some particular form) and objects. In COSMO, this is also neutral with respect to object or substance, and is used as a parent class for certain substances having particular forms. `These categories can serve as ?X in the phrase 'given as an ?X' in pharmacy descriptions. Cyc comment: Drug products organized according to their form when they are given as doses.`
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	isaShapedFormOfSubstance^op value DrugProduct^c
Sub-classes	Lozenge^c

DosageFormType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DosageFormType`
Description	Drug products organized according to their form when they are given as doses.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	MultiVitaminPill Ampule Suppository Pill TabletDrug Vial Elixir Lozenge ScrewCapVial LiquidOralMedicine DosageForm VitaminPill

DoseOfDrug^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoseOfDrug

Description

A ''PhysicalObject'' consisting of some quantity of a DrugSubstance (which may include fillers that are not active agents), which may be in solid or liquid form. If liquid, it may taken orally or injected or inhaled, or as an enema, and if solid it may be taken as a tablet, capsule, powder, subdermal implant, or any other means of getting the drug into the body.

       CYC: instances are the stuff injected, inhaled,
        swallowed, etc. in typical administrations of a drug.  In
        the case of pills it corresponds to a single pill.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dose' in WordNet:
          1. (4) dose - (a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time)

Super-classes DrugObject^c

Dot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dot`
Description	A ''Dot'' is a ''Mark'' on some surface that is a representation of a ''Dot-Abstract'', i.e. small, filled-in circle. This is usually an ''ArtifactObject'' but can be created naturally (e.g. by spraying of some liquid).. `Corresponds to (the physical interpretation of) noun sense 1 of 'dot' and sense 9 of 'point' in WordNet: 1. (14) point, dot - (a very small circular shape; 'a row of points'; 'draw lines between the dots')`
Super-classes	Circle^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Dot-Abstract^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Dot-Abstract^c

Dot-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dot-Abstract`
Description	A small, filled-in circle. `Corresponds to (he abstract interpretation of) noun sense 1 of 'dot' and sense 9 of 'point' in WordNet: 1. (14) point, dot - (a very small circular shape; 'a row of points'; 'draw lines between the dots')`
Super-classes	Circle^c
Sub-classes	DecimalPoint^c

Dots^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dots`
Description	A Group of ''Dot''s on some surface.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Dot^c isLocatedAt^op some OuterPhysicalSurface^c

Dotted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dotted

Description

An Attribute of a surface area (often a piece of clothing) that has multiple ''Dots''. This implies a more regular pattern of ''Spot''s than just being ''Spotted'', and usually imples that the whole surface referred to has such ''Spot''s..

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dotted' in WordNet:
           1. (2) dotted, flecked, specked, speckled, stippled - (having a pattern of dots)

Super-classes Spotted^c

DottedLine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DottedLine

Description

A ''DottedLine'' is a ''LineOnaSurface'' that is formed by closely spaced dots. It may be straight or curved.

      The sense of 'dotted' is as in WN 2 adj:
       2. (1) dashed, dotted - (having gaps or spaces; 'sign on the dotted line')
       For the 'dotted' meaning an area filled with dots, use adjective ''Dotted''.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'dotted line' in Wordnet:
          1. dotted line - (a line made up of dots or dashes; often used to indicate where
          you are supposed to sign a contract; 'just sign on the dotted line')

Super-classes Mark^c
LineOnaSurface^c

DottingaLetter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DottingaLetter`
Description	'DottingaLetter' is to put a dot above or below some letter (usually small i or j in English, but also over or under or within various characters in phonetic alphabets or other orthographies or languages) in the process of WritingByHand. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'dot' in WordNet: 4. dot - (mark with a dot; 'dot your i's')`
Super-classes	ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c Writing^c MarkingOnASurface^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some WritingByHand^c produces^op value Dot^c

DoubeHeader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoubeHeader`
Description	This is only for Baseball games. Two games played by the same two ''BaseballTeam''s within a single calendar ''Day''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double header' in WordNet: 1. (1) twin bill, doubleheader, double feature - (two games instead of one (especially in baseball when the same two teams play two games on the same day))`
Super-classes	EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 occurredWithinTimeInterval^op value Day^c isPerformedBy^op exactly 2

Double^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Double`
Description	''Doble'' is a 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' that characterizes a quantity of something that is twice that of another individual or quantity of the same type. Things characterized as 'double' may possibly be connected to form a unit: 'a double shot of whiskey'; 'a word with a double meaning'. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'double' in WordNet: 1. (5) double, dual, twofold, two-fold, treble, threefold, three-fold - - (having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities; 'a double (or dual) role for an actor'; 'the office of a clergyman is twofold; public preaching and private influence'- R.W.Emerson; 'every episode has its double and treble meaning'-Frederick Harrison) 2. (5) double, dual, duple - - (consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs; 'an egg with a double yolk'; 'a double (binary) star'; 'double doors'; 'dual controls for pilot and copilot'; 'duple (or double) time consists of two (or a multiple of two) beats to a measure')
Super-classes	VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasNumericalValue^dp value 2.0^c

Double-Digit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Double-Digit`
Description	`No WN sense for adj. 'double-digit'`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

DoubleBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoubleBed`
Description	A ''DoubleBed'' is a ''Bed'' with a width sufficient to support two ''Person''s comfortably while sleeping `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double bed' in WordNet: 1. double bed - (a bed wide enough to accommodate two sleepers)`
Super-classes	Bed^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value CoupleOfPeople^c isDesignedToSupport^op value CoupleOfPeople^c

DoubleDigitInteger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoubleDigitInteger`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double digit' in WordNet: 1. double digit - (a two-digit integer; from 10 to 99)`
Super-classes	Integer^c

DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument`
Description	CYC: The collection of all double-reed #$WoodwindInstruments. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double-reed instrument' in WordNet: 1. double-reed instrument, double reed - (a woodwind that has a pair of joined reeds that vibrate together)`
Super-classes	ReedWoodwindInstrument^c
Sub-classes	Bassoon^c Oboe^c

Doublet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doublet`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Jackets primarily worn in Western cultures beginning in the 15th century and ending in the 18th century. Typically doublets had a close fitting waist with a skirt-like section below, and were fastened in the front by buttons. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doublet' in WordNet: 1. doublet - (a man's close-fitting jacket; worn during the Renaissance)`
Super-classes	Jacket^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OldFashioned^c

DoublingEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DoublingEvent

Description

A 'DoublingEvent' is an Event in which something increases twofold in number, size or mass, whether by internal causes or externally caused. This should be subdivided into transitive Actions and the intransitive increase itself. NOTE: if this is an increase in number, it is also a subtype of 'Multiplying' - perhaps that should be a subtype of this?

      Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'double' in WordNet (but doesn't include
      'duplicate'), and includes noun sense 5 of 'double' (in any form of betting):
     in WordNet:
       WN noun 'double':
         1. (18) double, duplicate - (increase twofold; 'The population doubled within 50 years')
       WN verb 'double' :
        5. doubling, double - (raising the stakes in a card game by a factor of 2;
          'I decided his double was a bluff')

Super-classes IncreaseEvent^c

Doubly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doubly

Description

This ''Doubly'' includes reference to both senses of 'double' in WordNet.

        NOTE: ''Double'' is an instance, and adverb entries can be related only
          to

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doubly' in WordNet:
            1. (1) doubly, double, twice - (to double the degree; 'she was doubly rewarded';
               'his eyes were double bright')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Doubt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doubt`
Description	A Feeling experienced by an IntelligentAgent in which the agent considers some Proposition to be improbable (unlikely). This might be represented as a Proposition or Belief, rather than a Feeling, but the dictionaries call it 'a feeling of uncertainty about the truth'. This 'doubt' is a Feeling, often but not necessarily caused by any evaluation; for a more thoughtful 'doubting' that includes some elements of reasoning, use 'Doubting'. The 'UnlikelyThing' referenced is impossible in the opinion of the doubter, in some context. A more intense feeling of ''Doubt'' is the subtype ''Disbelief''. This is the ''Feeling'' or attitude of a person evaluating an assertion. For the credibility attribute of an assertion itself being doubtful or dubious, use ''Doubtful''. Cyc: Feeling of unsureness; lack of certitude or conviction about someone or about the result of something. Skepticism. Carries no evil suspicion, as Mistrust does Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'doubt' in WordNet: 1. (26) doubt, uncertainty, incertitude, dubiety, doubtfulness, dubiousness - (the state of being unsure of something) 2. (4) doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness, question - (uncertainty about the truth or factuality of existence of something; 'the dubiousness of his claim'; 'there is no question about the validity of the enterprise')
Super-classes	Uncertainty^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Incredulous^c hasTopic^op value UnlikelyThing^c
Sub-classes	Shyness^c Mistrust^c Disbelief^c

Doubter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doubter`
Description	A ''Doubter'' is someone who 'doubts' or disbelieves some ''Assertion''(s). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'doubter' in WordNet: 2. agnostic, doubter - (someone who is doubtful or noncommittal about something)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Doubting^c
Sub-classes	Skeptic^c

Doubtful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doubtful`
Description	Doubtful is a level of credibility that applies to an assertion that is contradicted by either direct evidence or common experience ('common sense') or doubt about the one making the assertion. Use of this attribute suggests that the likelihood of the assertion being true is less than 0.5 For 'doubt' 'dubiousness' or 'dubiety' to express a feeling or attitude of a person unconvinced of the truth of a assertion use ''Doubt''. Corresponds to sense 1 of adjective 'doubtful' and part of adj senses 1 and 2 of 'questionable' in WordNet: WN 'doubtful' 1. (10) doubtful, dubious, dubitable, in question - (open to doubt or suspicion; 'the candidate's doubtful past'; 'he has a dubious record indeed'; 'what one found uncertain the other found dubious or downright false'; 'it was more than dubitable whether the friend was as influential as she thought'- Karen Horney) WN 'doubtful' is not directly related to the adjective: WN adjective 'questionable': 1. (2) questionable - (subject to question; 'questionable motives'; 'a questionable reputation'; 'a fire of questionable origin') 2. questionable, refutable, confutable, confutative - (able to be refuted)
Super-classes	TruthValue^c Uncertain^c
Restrictions	hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.5^c hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c
Sub-classes	Unlikely^c Questionable^c So-called^c

Doubting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doubting`
Description	A 'Doubting' is a mental Event in which an IntelligentAgent comes to believe that some proposition is improbable. The necessary components of each instance of Doubting are an individual 'IntentionalAgent' and a Proposition that the Agent doubts. Each ''Doubting'' occurs as a result of some Event which is a Judging or an Evaluating. NOTE: this is close to but not identical with the Feeling of ''Doubt', which is part of a ''Doubting'' Process. This is somewhat vague but the effort here is to represent ''Doubting'' as including some element of judgmental thinking, not a pure ''Feeling''. Unlike 'Doubt', this is not a Feeling, but an action involving reasoning. The Feeling represented by ''Doubt'' is a component subEvent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'doubt' in WordNet: 1. (17) doubt - (consider unlikely or have doubts about; 'I doubt that she will accept his proposal of marriage')
Super-classes	MentalState^c Thinking^c
Restrictions	containedExperience^op value Doubt^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Doubt^c wasCausedBy^op some (Evaluating^c or Judging^c) wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c

Dough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dough`
Description	Gooey precursor to baked goods. `SUMO: A Mixture of Flour, Water, etc. which is used in making BreadOrBiscuits. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dough' in Wordnet: 1. (5) dough - (a flour mixture stiff enough to knead or roll)`
Super-classes	RawFood^c Paste^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Semirigid^c isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Flour^c

Doughnut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Doughnut`
Description	A fried cake, having a Toroidal shape (i.e. donut-shaped). often it has a glazed or icing or sprinkled covering.
Super-classes	SweetTastingObject^c Cake^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Toroidal^c

Dourly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dourly

Description

''Dourly'' is an AdverbOfManner that modifies an Action that was performed in a dour (''Morose'') manner.

      Indistinguishable in WN from ''Darkly'' or ''Glumly''.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dourly' in WordNet:
           1. (1) dourly, sullenly, glumly - (in a sullen manner; "he sat in his chair dourly")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Dove^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dove

Description

A subtype of pigeon.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dove' in WordNet:
        1. (2) dove - (any of numerous small pigeons)

Super-classes Pigeon^c

DownFeathers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DownFeathers`
Description	'DownFeathers' is a substance consisting of many small soft feathers from some bird(s). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'down' in WordNet: 1. (1) down, down feather - (soft fine feathers)`
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Bird^c hasUnitObject^op value Feather^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fluffy^c

DownHill^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DownHill

Description

''DownHill'' is a subattribute of ''Downward' characterizing slopes to Motions that point or move toward the bottom of a Slope.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'downill' in Wordnet:
     2. downhill - (toward the bottom of a hill; 'running downhill, he gained a lot of speed')

Super-classes Downward^c

DownTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DownTime`
Description	'The ''DownTime'' is the ''Meantime'' between when something (device,Person) has paused working and when it starts working again `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'downtime' in WordNet: 1. downtime - (a period of time when something (as a machine or factory) is not operating (especially as a result of malfunctions))`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c Meantime^c
Restrictions	isTheTimeOfEvent^op some DysfunctionalCondition^c

Downloading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downloading`
Description	''Downloading'' is an ''IBTCopying'' in which a copy of a ''ComputerFile'' is transferred (without deleting the original) from a ''ComputerServer'' to a local computer (of any kind, including smart phones). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'download' in WordNet: 1. download - (transfer a file or program from a central computer to a smaller computer or to a computer at a remote location)`
Super-classes	TransferringSomething^c IBTCopying^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ComputerFile^c hasStartingPlace^op value ComputerServer^c produces^op value Copy^c hadThingTransferred^op value ComputerFile^c hasEndingPlace^op value DigitalComputer^c

Downside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downside`
Description	A ''Downside'' is an ''AspectOfaProblem'' that is an ''Undesirable'' ''PossibleEffect'' - i.e., a 'negative side effect'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'downside' in WordNet: 1. downside - (a negative aspect of something that is generally positive; 'there is a downside even to motherhood')`
Super-classes	PossibleEffect^c AspectOfaProblem^c SideEffect^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c

Downsizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downsizing`
Description	'Downsizing''is a 'Reduction' in which some Intentionalgent (Person or Organization) acts to reduce the 'size' (of any kind) of something it controls. This is very general, and can be for reducing the size (volume) of some product object(s) produced by a business, or reducing the space of one's living or working quarters, (usually by physically moving the location of residence or business), or reducing the number of Objects that are in some location, or the number of types of products ('downsize the product line'). OTher types of ''Reduction'' might be included here if the orespecific grammatical object requirement for some PhysicalObject or ObjectGroup can be applied and no more specific Reduction applies. `No WN sense: RHW 'downsize' (vt): 1. to design or manufacture a smaller version or type of: The automotive industry downsized its cars for improved fuel economy. 2. to reduce in number; cut back.`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (PhysicalObject^c or ObjectGroup^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or GroupType^c)

Downstairs^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downstairs

Description

''Downstairs'' is the attribute of some thing (object, location) that is, from the perspective of the speaker or some other reference object or location, located in a room that is on a lower level, within some multistory structure.

    in WordNet:
     1. downstairs, downstair - (on or of lower floors of a building;
         'the downstairs (or downstair) phone')

Super-classes OrientationMeasure^c
DirectionalAttributeValue^c

Downstream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downstream`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'downstream' in Wordnet: 1. downstream - (in the direction of a stream's current)`
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c DirectionalAttributeValue^c

Downstreamly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downstreamly

Description

The term ''Downstreamly'' is an AdverbialModifier is created to avoid duplicating the adjective ''Downstream''.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'downstream' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) downriver, downstream - (away from the source or with the current)

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Downtown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downtown

Description

Instances of #$Downtown are the centers, most densely urbanized areas, or central business districts of a city or town. In large cities downtown's tend to have large buildings and even skyscrapers. In the downtowns of small towns, there are fewer and smaller buildings.

        SUMO: The commercial center of a City.  The part of the 
        City that contains more shops and offices than any other part.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'downtown' in Wordnet:
             1. (11) business district, downtown - (the commercial center of a town or city)

Super-classes CityArea^c

Downturn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downturn

Description

Each ''Downturn'' is a ''WorseningEvent''in which some quantitatively measurable property of something decreases in magnitude. This is used often for decreases in 'economic indicators' such as GDP, stock indexes, employment, or average income. Being a ''WorseningEvent'' this should not be used for measures of 'negative' properties, such as 'unemployment', for which a decrease would be an improvement rather than a worsening; in that case the parent ''DecreaseEvent'' would be appropriate.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'downturn' in WordNet:
          1. downturn, downswing - 
              (a worsening of business or economic activity; "the market took a downturn")

Super-classes WorseningEvent^c
Decline^c

Downward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Downward`
Description	'Downward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from an altitude at some time to a lower altitude ata later time. The exact vector of the movement is not defined by use of this measure, and may or may not be restricted by the context of the assertion. `See also the instance of 'DirectionMeasure' 'Down'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'downward' and sense 4 of 'down' in WordNet: 2. down, downward - (extending or moving from a higher to a lower place; 'the down staircase'; 'the downward course of the stream')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c DirectionMeasure^c
Sub-classes	DownHill^c

Dowsing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dowsing`
Description	''Dowsing'' is an ''ExplorationSearch'' in which a 'dowser' uses a 'divining rod' to look for water or other undergrond (hidden) resources. The teory that the divining rod is moved downward by some unknown force is widely considered mythical (though not among dowsers). But when the dowser has a greater than statistical chance of success, the possibility exists that the dowswer is using non-obvious clues to find the target, whether consciously or unconsciously. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dowse' in WordNet: 2. dowse - (use a divining rod in search of underground water or metal) WN noun 'dowsing': 1. dowse, dowsing, rhabdomancy - (searching for underground water or minerals by using a dowsing rod)`
Super-classes	ExplorationSearch^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value Metal^c hasThingSought^op value Water^c

Dozing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dozing`
Description	''Dozing'' is unintentionally taking a ''Nap'' that lasts a short time, usually while doing something sitting down, and usually not falling deep asleep. `NOTE" 'dowse' does not occur in RHW in this sense - ergo, omitted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'doze' in WordNet: 1. (4) snooze, drowse, doze - (sleep lightly or for a short period of time) WN noun 'doze': 1. doze, drowse - (a light fitful sleep)`
Super-classes	Nap^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unplanned^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ShortDuration^c

DraftAnimal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DraftAnimal

Description

A specialization of DomesticatedAnimal. Each instance of DraftAnimal is a relatively large animal, usually (always?) a mammal, that has been domesticated to supply power for any of various tasks. Individual animals that are used solely to carry things (e.g. race horses) are not instances of this class, though some horses may be used as draft animals. No species can be a subtype of this Type, since not all members of any species will be used to supply power.

        Examples are mules, horses or oxen used to pull a plough,
        or a horse used to pull a buggy.  An animal used to supply power to
        turn the wheel of a mill would also be an example.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'draft animal' in WordNet:
          1. draft animal - (an animal used for pulling heavy loads)

Super-classes DomesticatedAnimal^c
AnimalRole^c

DraftAnimalDriver^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DraftAnimalDriver

Description

A 'DraftAnimalDriver'' is not a 'drover' - it is the driver of an ''AnimalPoweredDevice'' - animal-pulled wagon or carriage or cart.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'driver' in WordNet:
           2. driver - (someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle)

Super-classes Driver-TransportationProfessional^c

DraftDocument-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DraftDocument-Abstract`
Description	A 'DraftDocument-Abstract' is a preliminary AbstractDocument (a mental object) that is only one of potentially many versions of some AbstractDocumnent, which may or may not be changed before it is accepted as the final version. A 'DraftDocument-Abstract' may be identical to the final version, therefore, as the abstract content, cannot be disjoint with a tye representing a 'final version'. `@ToDo: the notion of 'preliminary' is not yet (r959) represented in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'draft' in WordNet: 5. draft, draft copy - (preliminary version of a written work)`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Sub-classes	StatuteBill^c

Drafting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drafting`
Description	A ''Drafting'' is a ''SkilledTrade'' that involves making precise diagrams of Objects, small or large, that are to be manufactured. `Includes but is broader than (not just blueprints) noun sense 1 of 'drafting' in WordNet: 2. (1) drafting, mechanical drawing - (the craft of drawing blueprints)`
Super-classes	SkilledTrade^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value MakingaMechanicalDrawing^c

Drag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drag`
Description	''Drag'' is the ''Resistance'' experienced by a SolidObject moving through a Fluid (liquid or gas) due to forces exerted on the surface of the solid object by the fluid. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drag' in WordNet: 1. (1) drag, retarding force - (the phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid)`
Super-classes	MechanicalResistance^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value PairOfObjects^c

Dragging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dragging

Description

Dragging is an Action in which an Agent (or some device the Agent controls) causes a PhysicalObject to move across the local ground surface (which can be a floor), even though the object dragged has no wheels or casters (if so, it would be a pulling action), and resists being dragged because of friction caused by the force of gravity on the object being dragged.

      Corresponds to part of sense 1 of verb 'drag' in WordNet,
      but this type does not include the metaphorical sense.
      1. (16) drag - (pull, as against a resistance; 'He dragged the big suitcase behind him'; 'These worries were dragging at him')

Super-classes ControllingSomething^c
PullingEvent^c
Motion-SolidAgainstSolid^c

Dragon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dragon`
Description	Dragons - fictional monsters. This collection should only have instances in #$FictionalContexts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dragon' in WordNet: 1. (6) dragon, firedrake - (a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings)`
Super-classes	FictionalThing^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value Reptile^c

Dragonfly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dragonfly

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dragonfly' in WordNet:
        1. dragonfly, darning needle, devil's darning needle,
           sewing needle, snake feeder, snake doctor, mosquito hawk, skeeter hawk - 
           (slender-bodied non-stinging insect having iridescent wings that 
           are outspread at rest; adults and nymphs feed on mosquitoes etc.)

Super-classes Insect^c

Drain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drain`
Description	A ''Drain'' is a ''FluidConduit'' that serves to allow unwanted water (waste water or overflow or rainwater) to move away from a structure or other object where it may be harmful. This may be a Pipe or a surface channel or other type of channel. `RHW 'drain': 7. something, as a pipe or conduit, by which a liquid drains. No similar WN sense.`
Super-classes	FluidConduit^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Sewer^c

DrainPipe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrainPipe`
Description	A ''Pipe'' that may be located in or outside of a ''Structure'' that drains water with or without other accompanying materials ('wastewater'?) out of the building or to a container for processing or removal. The distinction between external DrainPipes (for rainwater) and pipes for draining indoor liquid waste should be added when needed. NOTE that the conduit that drains sewage underground to a processing plant or outlet is termed a ''Sewer''. Thus a ''DrainPipe'' may carry waste water to a ''Sewer'. (Can the downspout from a ''Gutter'' be considered a ''DrainPipe? Not in this categorization.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drainpipe' in Wordnet: 1. drain, drainpipe, waste pipe - (a pipe through which liquid is carried away)
Super-classes	Pipe^c Channel^c
Restrictions	isNormallyLocatedAt^op value Structure^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Sewage^c isDesignedToCarry^op value Sewage^c

Drainage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drainage`
Description	A ''Drainage'' is a Group of ''Drain''s that serve to allow unwanted water (waste water or overflow of rainwater) to move away from a structure or area or any object or location where it may be harmful. `RHW 'drainage': 2 a system of drains, artificial or natural.`
Super-classes	FluidConduit^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Drain^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Water^c

DrainageBasin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrainageBasin`
Description	A ''DrainageBasin' is a ''GeographicalArea'' (a PhysicalObject) containing the land areas that drain their water into some ''Stream'' or one of its tributaries. `NOTE: also called a 'watershed'': RHW 'watershed': 2. the region or area drained by a river, stream, etc.; drainage area. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drainage basin' in WordNet: 1. catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, drainage basin - (the geographical area draining into a river or reservoir)`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c ControlledLand^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value StreamSystem^c

Drained^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drained

Description

''Compressed'' is the attribute of some Object that became ''Smaller'' due to experiencing a ''Compressing'' Action.

     NOTE the gloss example '..old man ..' does not apply and is not
        an instance of this meaning.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drained' in Wordnet:
        1. drained - (emptied or exhausted of (as by drawing off e.g. water or other liquid); 
            'a drained marsh'; 'a drained tank'; 'a drained and apathetic old man...not 
              caring any longer about anything')

Super-classes Empty^c
PastParticiple^c

DrainingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrainingEvent`
Description	This ''DrainingEvent'' differs from ''EmptyingEvent'' in being both a ''PurposefulAction'' and not a natural event, and being accomplished by the liquid moving under gravity rather than being pumped or scooped out. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'drain' in WordNet: 3. (1) drain - (empty of liquid; drain the liquid from; 'We drained the oil tank')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c EmptyingEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Drained^c

DramaScript^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DramaScript`
Description	COSMO note: This is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document which is represented as ''DramaScript-Physical''. Each instance of subtype ''PlayScript'' is a Specification for how actors are to behave while executing the actions and dialogue. that are intended for performance as live theater plays, though it may be adapted for movies. A ''DramaticComposition'' that is specifically written as the lines and drections for actors in a Movie is represented as the subtype ''Screenplay''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'play' in WordNet: 1. (32) play, drama, dramatic play - (a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage; 'he wrote several plays but only one was produced on Broadway')`
Super-classes	DramaticComposition^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value PlayScript-Physical^c hasExecutionEvent^op only (Play^c or MoviePerformance^c)
Sub-classes	Screenplay^c PlayScript^c

DramaScript-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DramaScript-Physical`
Description	A ''DramaScript-Physical'' is a written physical representation of a abstract conceptual ''DramaScript'', part or all of which is gven to the actors to learn their lines and moves. `NOTE: the script for a ''Play'' is the subtype ''PlayScript-Physical''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playscript' in WordNet: 1. script, book, playscript - (a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance)`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op only DramaticPerformance^c hasAbstractRepresentation^op only DramaScript^c
Sub-classes	PlayScript-Physical^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HamletDramascript

Dramatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dramatic

Description

''Dramatic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''DramaticPerformance'' or some closely related or associated aspects.

        Includes adjective senses 3 and part of sense 1 of 'dramatic' in WordNet:
             1. (13) dramatic - (suitable to or characteristic of drama; 
               'a dramatic entrance in a swirling cape'; 'a dramatic rescue at sea')
             3. dramatic - (pertaining to or characteristic of drama; 'dramatic arts')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

DramaticActing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DramaticActing`
Description	The Action in which some ActorActress plays a Role in some ''DramaticPerformance''. COSMO note: this type may be used in connection with the relation 'playsTheRoleOf'. Cyc: This is the collection of events in which a person portrays someone or something other than himself as part of a dramatic performance - either for film or television, or in a live theater production. It is thus distinguished from #$Masquerading, which is also a spec of #$Acting. - - Huffer, Dec 2, 1998. SUMO: Playing a character in a Performance, MotionPicture, etc. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'act' and sense 4 of 'play' in WordNet: 3. (7) act, play, represent - (play a role or part; 'Gielgud played Hamlet'; 'She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role'; 'She played the servant to her husband's master') WN noun 'acting': 1. (5) acting, playing, playacting, performing - (the performance of a part or role in a drama)
Super-classes	Acting^c PerformingArtActivity^c RoleSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dramatic^c isaSubEventOf^op some DramaticPerformance^c isPerformedBy^op value ActorActress^c
Sub-classes	Byplay^c ActingInaMovie^c

DramaticComposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DramaticComposition`
Description	A ''DramaticComposition''' is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document, which is represented by ''DramaScript'' (for live performances or movies). Each DramaticComposition is a Specification for how actors are to behave while executing the actions and dialogue. This includes live theater plays and movie scripts as well as any other scripted performance. NOTE: Specific Drama specifications will be represented as instances of this type. If there is more than one version of a specific 'DramaticComposition' referred to by the same name, then each version is a different instance of 'ScriptForaDrama'; they would have to be related to each other by creating a generic version of that acript, which would be a subtype of this type. Cyc: A narrative structured around scenes, actors speaking parts, direction, scene descriptions etc. Something actors memorize and use while rehearsing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dramatic composition' in WordNet: 1. dramatic composition, dramatic work - (a play for performance on the stage or television or in a movie etc.)
Super-classes	LiteraryWork^c ProgramForPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only DramaticPerformance^c hasProperPart^op value ScriptDialogue^c
Sub-classes	Comedy^c Screenplay^c Tragedy^c DramaScript^c

DramaticEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DramaticEvent`
Description	An Event that causes Emotion in some person. Not related directly to 'drama' as in a Play. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drama' in WordNet: 2. (7) drama, dramatic event - (an episode that is turbulent or highly emotional)`
Super-classes	Episode^c
Restrictions	causes^op value EmotionalState^c
Sub-classes	Revolution^c

DramaticPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DramaticPerformance`
Description	'DramaticPerformance' is any execution of a script of a drama (including comedies and other genres) that includes live plays (and musicals) and the acting that is recorded in movies. This is for live Actions. An execution (playing from any medium) of a recorded Movie itself would be a different type. This is broader than either the Cyc or SUMO category. For live plays, use 'Play'. Does not include exlusively musical performances or singing without an 'acting' (pretending to be someone else) but does include acting and possibly singing in a musical drama (including comedy). NOTE that this is a subtype of ''ShowingSomething'' and a significant part of a ''DramaticPerformance'' must be the visual scenes created, not just sounds, as in a ''MusicalPerformance''. Cyc: #$DramaticPerformance is the collection of instances of #$EntertainmentPerformance such that (#$PerformingFn #$DramaticPerformance) returns a collection of instances of #$DramaticActing - these may be subevents of instances of #$DancePerformance, Play-Dramatic, #$Play-Musical-CW or #$OperaPerformance, as in #$DramaticActing-Live, or they may be instances of #$DramaticActingForFilm.-Huffer, Dec. 2, 1998. SUMO: A Performance that consists exclusively of DramaticActing, e.g. a live performance of Death_of_a_Salesman in front of an audience. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dramatic performance' in WordNet: 1. dramatic production, dramatic performance - (the act of performing a drama; 'the group joined together in a dramatic production')
Super-classes	EntertainmentPerformance^c ShowingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Theatrical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dramatic^c isAnExecutionOf^op only DramaScript^c
Sub-classes	Act^c Play^c MoviePerformance^c MusicalDrama^c

DramaticRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DramaticRole`
Description	A ''DramaticRole'' is both a ''PretendingRole'' and an Action, that is a part of some ''DramaticPerformance''and this can be used to represent the Person or Thing that an ActorActress plays, and optionally can specify the time and place of the performance. Subtypes of 'DramaticRole' will be roles (usually of people, but possibly of animals or inanimate objects, such as a talking candelabra) that are specified in a play or script ('PlayScript'), to be acted out. Each instance of 'DramaticRole' must specify the 'PlayScript' in which it appears. Note that each instance of a 'DramaticRole' is an individual, not a type; but this is an Execution of a Role, and there there may be multiple instances when the Role is executed, as many as performances of a Play, or different Movies shot from the same scripts. This stype is structured so that one may represent as little detail as the Script and the name of the Role, or as much as the Name of the Role, the Script, the Place where it is performed (e.g. a theater or Movie srudio or outdoor set), and the DateTme when that performance ocurred. Therefore one may represent a minimal unique one role of 'Hamlet' in Shakespeare's play 'Hamlet' - see 'HamletinHamlet', that leasves out the other details, and merel asserts that some ActorActress played that DramaticRole at some place sometime. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'role' in WordNet: 2. (10) character, role, theatrical role, part, persona - (an actor's portrayal of someone in a play; 'she played the part of Desdemona')
Super-classes	PretendingRole^c Action^c
Restrictions	isaDramaticRoleOf^op some PlayScript^c
In domain of	isaDramaticRoleOf^op
In range of	hasDramaticRole^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HamletinHamlet

Dramatically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dramatically

Description

''Dramatically'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues (especially participles) to indicate that the Action characterized was performed in a ''Spectacular'' manner - unusual and riveting the attention.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dramatically' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) dramatically - (in a very impressive manner; 
               'your performance will improve dramatically')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Dramatizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dramatizing`
Description	''Dramatizing'' is an 'ExpressingLinguistically' in a '"Dramatic' manner. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dramatize' in WordNet: 3. (1) embroider, pad, lard, embellish, aggrandize, aggrandise, blow up, dramatize, dramatise - (add details to)`
Super-classes	ExpressingLinguistically^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Dramatic^c hasManner^op value Dramatically^c

DraperyHook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DraperyHook`
Description	The sort of hook which is used to hang curtains/drapes by sticking into the fabric and hooking over a curtain rod.
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Hook^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	supports^op value Curtain^c

Drastic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drastic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drastic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) drastic - (forceful and extreme and rigorous; 'drastic measures')`
Super-classes	Forceful^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c Extreme^c Rigorous^c

Drastically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drastically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'drastically' in Wordnet: 1. (3) drastically - (in a drastic manner)`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Draw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Draw

Description

A 'Draw' is a 'TieScore' that is also a 'FinalScore'.

   Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tie' and sense 3 of 'draw' in WordNet,
   in WordNet:
      3. (3) draw, standoff, tie - (the finish of a contest in which 
         the score is tied and the winner is undecided; 'the game ended in a draw'; 
         'their record was 3 wins, 6 losses and a tie')

Super-classes FinalScore^c
TieScore^c

Drawback^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drawback`
Description	A ''Drawback'' is a ''Hindrance'' to a ''PurposefulAction'' that would be part of the execution of some ''Proposal''. This will typically be some future Event that is implied in the ''Proposal''. `NOTE: this does not follow the WN hierarchy, in being a ''Hindrance'' rather than the Quality (a ''PersistentState''') of being a Hindrance. A ''Hindrance'' is a vague thing of any type, as long as it hinders something. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drawback' in WordNet: 1. drawback - (the quality of being a hindrance; 'he pointed out all the drawbacks to my plan')`
Super-classes	Hindrance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c hinders^op value DesiredFutureSituation^c hasRepresentation^op value Proposal^c

Drawer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drawer`
Description	CYC: The collection of drawers, each a part of some piece of furniture. A 'drawer' could be almost anywhere - part of a built-in building structure, or part of a movable piece of furniture. It typically has a knob or handle or 'pull' of some kind that enables pulling it out. `Coresponds to sense 1 of noun 'drawer' in WordNet: 1. (5) drawer - (a boxlike container in a piece of furniture; made so as to slide in and out)`
Super-classes	ComponentPartOfArtifact^c FurniturePart^c StorageConstruct^c OpenTopContainer^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Box^c hasDesignFunction^op value SlidingInAndOutOfSomething^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Pull^c
Sub-classes	DeskDrawer^c

Drawing-Depicting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drawing-Depicting`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes all forms of creating a hand-rendered (or rendered by any manual method other than capturing an image (by any process using electromagnetic radiation), whether in an electronic meium or on paper), including sketching, etching, painting, working with pastels (chalk) or other techniques. It does not include creating images on a computer, nor modifying computerized images, as it is intended to represent the activity of creating images by applying material to a surface. NOTE that the image created will not necessarily be an instance of 'Drawing-Depiction', but of its parent type 'Hand-RenderedImage', because 'Drawing-Depiction' necessarily has prominent lines in it, and this type 'Drawing-Depicting' includes creation of paintings and other images in which lines are not necessarily prominent. For creating an image by hand using a computer, use 'CreatingAComputerImage'. The SUMO 'drawing' is more restrictive, and this COSMO type is broader: Any 'ContentDevelopment' that results in a 'Sketch'. Cyc: The making of designs on a surface using a writing implement. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'draw' and sense 3 of 'drawing' in WordNet- this is a transitive sense that requires an object be specified. in WordNet: 6. (7) draw - (represent by making a drawing of, as with a pencil, chalk, etc. on a surface; 'She drew an elephant'; 'Draw me a horse') WN verb 'depict': 3. (2) portray, depict, limn - (make a portrait of; 'Goya wanted to portray his mistress, the Duchess of Alba') WN 'drawing': 3. (2) drawing, draftsmanship, drafting - (the creation of artistic pictures or diagrams; 'he learned drawing from his father')
Super-classes	Depicting^c MarkingOnASurface^c VisualArtActivity^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Drawing-Depiction^c
Sub-classes	EtchingAnArtwork^c MakingaMechanicalDrawing^c

Drawing-Depiction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drawing-Depiction`
Description	CYC: The collection of all drawings. Instances of drawing are #$StillImages which contain significant lines. Some occur on paper and may be made with pencil, ink (see #$PenOrPencilDrawing), etc.. Some occur on computers and are presented via a computer monitor. Some are artistic (see #$ArtObject) and some are not. Thus, a painting composed entirely of lines would be a #$Drawing-Depiction. A drawing produced by a drawing program which was saved in a computer file and was viewable on a computer monitor would also be an example. A painted image composed entirely of paint splotches would probably be a negative example of a #$Drawing-Depiction. Such an image with a tiny line in the corner would also probably be a negative example of a #$Drawing-Depiction since the tiny line would not be a ''significant'' line or a focal object in the image. An image ''drawn'' with paint using a paintbrush is currently (Nov 98) considered an agnostic example. `Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'drawing' in WordNet: 1. (7) drawing - (an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book or magazine; 'it is shown by the drawing in Fig. 7') 2. (5) drawing - (a representation of forms or objects on a surface by means of lines; 'drawings of abstract forms'; 'he did complicated pen-and-ink drawings like medieval miniatures')`
Super-classes	Hand-RenderedImage^c
Sub-classes	MechanicalDrawing^c LineDrawing^c Sketch^c ArchitecturalDrawing^c PhysicalDesign^c

Drawing-RandomSelection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drawing-RandomSelection`
Description	An element of #$Drawing-RandomSelection is an event in which some agent randomly selects an agent from a pool of agents. A #$Lottery is an example. ''Drawing lots'' to see who has to endure the hardship of taking out the garbage tonight is another example.
Super-classes	GameEvent^c SelectingAmong^c ChoosingAtRandom^c
Sub-classes	Lottery^c

DrawingIntoaWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrawingIntoaWire`
Description	'DrawingIntoaWire'' is a ''ReducingaLinearDimension'' in which some PhysicalObject already in a rod or near-rod shape is drawn ('extruded') through a hole in a hard object smaller than the diameter of the starting material, producing a flexible wire of smaller diameter. This process may take more than one iteration if the starting rod or wire is too large, as the amount of diameter reduction possible in one pass is limited, and also depends on the ductility of the material. `Corresponds to verb sense 32 of 'draw' in WordNet: 32. draw - (reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die; 'draw wire')`
Super-classes	ShapingMetalWithaDie^c ReducingaLinearDimension^c Extruding^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Wire^c hadObjectModified^op value LongAndThinObject^c

DrawingLots^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrawingLots

Description

'DrawingLots' is a 'ChoosingAtRandom' that involves more than one participant, at least one of whom chooses (by drawing straws, chooses heads or tails in a coin toss, etc.) an unknown one of two or more options, the result being unknown and random.

      @ToDo: This includes drawing cards in a card game - this may be reconsidered.

      Most closely represented by verb sense 14 of 'draw' in WordNet:
        14. (3) draw, cast - (choose at random; 'draw a card'; 'cast lots')

Super-classes ChoosingAtRandom^c

DrawnThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrawnThing`
Description	A 'DrawnThing' is something (event, object) chosen in a 'DrawingLots' event. The actual Event of drawing a 'DrawnThing' is represented by 'DrawingLots'. Here, 'draw' means any kind of randomized choice, whethere drawing straws, flipping a coin, or anything else where the result is not (theoreticaly) known to the person choosing. `Corrresponds most closely to sense 4 of 'draw' in WOrdNet: 4. draw, lot - (anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random; 'the luck of the draw'; 'they drew lots for it')`
Super-classes	Choice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Random^c wasSelectedInEvent^op some DrawingLots^c

Dreadlock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dreadlock`
Description	A ''Dreadlock'' is one ''HairBraid'' that is long and thin, and narrow for a ''Hairbraid'' (narrower than a ''Pigtail''), and usually worn in groups of dozens. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dreadlock' in WordNet: 1. dreadlock - (one of many long thin braids of hair radiating from the scalp; popularized by Rastafarians)`
Super-classes	HairBraid^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Narrow^c

Dreadlocks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dreadlocks`
Description	''Dreadlocks'' is the substance ''Hair'' on the Head of a Human formed in set of mutiple thin braids. `Corresponds to the plural of noun sense 1 of 'dreadlock' in WordNet: 1. dreadlock - (one of many long thin braids of hair radiating from the scalp; popularized by Rastafarians)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c HairDo^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value HairBraid^c

Dreadnought^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dreadnought`
Description	A 20th century battleship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dreadnought' in WordNet: 1. dreadnought, dreadnaught - (battleship that has big guns all of the same caliber)
Super-classes	ModernNavalShip^c Battleship^c

Dream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dream`
Description	This is the abstract representation of a Dreaming, containing a series of images and possibly accompanying sound. The physical Event of a dream is represented by 'Dreaming'. This type provides a means to represent the specific images and sounds that are remembered and described after a Dreaming. `Cyc: Dreams - mental fantasy visualizations during sleep. To say 'J dreamed about' one can instantiate this type, and related it to a Topic. This should have the same intended meaning as the WordNet noun 'dream', but in WordNet the closest synset 'dream, dreaming' is defined; so this corresponds only to part of the WN sense 1 of 'dream': in WordNet: 1. (31) dream, dreaming - (a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; "I had a dream about you last night")`
Super-classes	MentalImagery^c AbstractVideo^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Dreaming^c

DreamComeTrue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DreamComeTrue`
Description	A Person's ''DreamComeTrue''s are the future events and situations for oneself that one hopes will come true to fulfill one's 'Aspiration' - one's 'hopes and dreams'. This can be professinal or personal - accomplishment, recognition, success or a fulfilling love life or family life. `'I dreamed a dream in time gone by . . . '`
Super-classes	GoalSituation^c
Restrictions	realizes^op some (Aspiration^c or GoalType^c or Aspiration^c or GoalType^c) isDesiredIn^op some (Aspiration^c or GoalType^c or Aspiration^c or GoalType^c)
Sub-classes	PersonalSuccess^c

Dreamcatcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dreamcatcher`
Description	A ''Dreamcatcher'' is a 'GoodLuckCharm' used in some Southwest American Indian cutures, to catch bad dreams while a Person is sleeping. Wikipedia 'dreamcatcher': In some Native American cultures, a dreamcatcher or dream catcher (Ojibwe: asabikeshiinh, the inanimate form of the word for 'spider') is a handmade willow hoop, on which is woven a net or web. The dreamcatcher may also include sacred items such as certain feathers or beads. Traditionally they are often hung over cradles as protection. It originates in Ojibwe culture as the 'spider web charm' (Ojibwe: asubakacin 'net-like', White Earth Band; bwaajige ngwaagan 'dream snare', Curve Lake Band), a hoop with woven string or sinew meant to replicate a spider's web, used as a protective charm for infants.
Super-classes	Device^c ArtifactObject^c PlanarObject^c GoodLuckCharm^c
Restrictions	isCommonlyUsedBy^op value NativeAmericans^c hasComponentPart^op value Mesh^c

Dreamer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dreamer`
Description	A ''Dreamer'' is a ''Person'' who is perfroming a ''Dreaming' Action while ''Asleep''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dreamer' in WordNet: 1. (1) dreamer - (someone who is dreaming)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Asleep^c

Dreaming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dreaming`
Description	Having a dream while sleeping. `SUMO: A Process of producing metal images which occurs while one is Asleep. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'dream' in WordNet: 1. dream, dreaming - (a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; 'I had a dream about you last night') WN verb 'dream': 2. dream - (experience while sleeping; 'She claims to never dream'; 'He dreamt a strange scene')`
Super-classes	Imagining^c BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Dream^c isaSubEventOf^op value SleepingEvent^c co-occurredWith^op value REMsleep^c
Sub-classes	Nightmare^c

Dreamy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dreamy

Description

''Dreamy'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dreamy' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) dreamy, moony, woolgathering - (dreamy in mood or nature; 'a woolgathering moment')

Super-classes Pensive^c

Dredge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dredge`
Description	This sense of 'dredge' is for the ''Barge'' that has a power shovel for removing material from the botton of a ''BodyOfWater''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dredge' in WordNet: 1. dredge - (a power shovel to remove material from a channel or riverbed)`
Super-classes	Barge^c Excavator^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op value Excavating^c isUsedInAction^op value Excavating^c

Dredging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dredging`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dredge' in WordNet: 3. dredge - (remove with a power shovel, usually from a bottom of a body of water)`
Super-classes	Excavating^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Dredge^c

Dredging-Searching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dredging-Searching`
Description	''Dredging-Searching'' is a type of ''Searching'' in which a boat on some ''BodyOfWater'' (typically a lake or river) drags some collecting device such a a net to find objects locted on the bottom of the water. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dredge' in WordNet: 2. dredge, drag - (search (as the bottom of a body of water) for something valuable or lost)`
Super-classes	Searching^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value SunkenObject^c occursAt^op value BodyOfWater^c

Drenching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drenching`
Description	''Drenching' is a ''CoveringWithLiquid'' in which the patient ''SolidObject'' is fully covered with the agent liquid at some point. This can be but is not necessarily accomplished by subtype ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid''.. `There are fine distinctions of sense included here that can be differentiated: see for example ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'' and ''Soaking''. Includes verb senses 1 and 4 of 'drench' in WordNet: 1. swamp, drench - (drench or submerge or be drenched or submerged; 'The tsunami swamped every boat in the harbor')`
Super-classes	CoveringWithLiquid^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some LiquidObject^c hasSubEvent^op value LiquidMotion^c
Sub-classes	Soaking^c ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c

Dress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dress`
Description	$Dress is a specialization of `#$Clothing-WholeBody, #$WomensClothing, and #$EnvelopingCovering. Each instance of #$Dress is an article of women's clothing that covers the upper and lower body, but which usually does not drape down to the feet. SUMO: An item of Clothing which covers the lower body of a Woman. in WordNet: 1. (15) dress, frock - (a one-piece garment for a woman; has skirt and bodice)`
Super-classes	WomensClothing^c EnvelopingCovering^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Torso^c
Sub-classes	Gown^c Sari^c

DressPants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DressPants`
Description
Super-classes	LongPants^c
Sub-classes	TuxedoPants^c

DressShirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DressShirt`
Description	CYC: The collection of all dress shirts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dress shirt' in WordNet: 1. dress shirt, evening shirt - (a man's white shirt (with a starch front) for evening wear (usually with a tuxedo))`
Super-classes	Shirt^c
Sub-classes	TuxedoShirt^c

DressedUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DressedUp`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dressed-up' in Wordnet: 1. dressed, dressed-up, dressed to the nines, dressed to kill, dolled up, spruced up, spiffed up, togged up - (dressed in fancy or formal clothing) WN adj 'dressy': 1. (2) dressy - (in fancy clothing)`
Super-classes	Stylish^c
Sub-classes	SemiFormal^c

Dressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dressing`
Description	The Activity of a Person getting dressed so that one will appear 'dressed' or decent to others; involves putting on one's outer clothing, (shirt and pants, or a dress, but not necessarily any further outer clothing such as a jacket or coat) and possible also putting on body or face paint, fixing hair, etc.. See also subevent #$PuttingOnAClothingItem. This is also used for changing or trying on clothes, as in a ''DressingRoom''. Putting on underwear or a bathing suit would not be a subtype. In SUMO there are two related terms, 'Dressing' and 'PuttingOnClothing'. It is not completely clear what the difference is, but we will equate SUMO 'Dressing' with the Cyc 'Dressing' - any kind of dressing up, partial or complete (a subtype of 'Putting'). The subactivity 'PuttingOnAClothingItem' (Cyc) and puttingOnClothing' (SUMO) will be interpreted as putting on a single piece of clothing. SUMO: (Dressing) The Process of putting on Clothing. SUMO: (PuttingOnClothing) - subtype of 'Covering' Putting Clothing on a Human or Animal in such a way that the Human or Animal wears the Clothing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dress' in WordNet: 1. (15) dress, get dressed - (put on clothes; 'we had to dress quickly'; 'dress the patient'; 'Can the child dress by herself?')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c CoveringSomething^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Undressing^c hadObjectCovered^op some Person^c hasSubEvent^op some PuttingOnAClothingItem^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Clothed^c

DressingCase^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DressingCase

Description

Includes subtypes like shaving kits.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dressing case' in Wordnet:
         1. dressing case - (a small piece of luggage for carrying brushes 
           and bottles and toilet articles while traveling)

Super-classes Luggage^c
Kit^c

DressingGown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DressingGown

Description

A ''DressingGown'' is a coat-like Garment used by women as a covering while longing indoors at home or while getting dressed.

      Includes noun sense 1 of 'dressing gown' and noun sense 1 of 'dressing sack' in Wordnet
        (difference is unclear):
       in WordNet:
          1. (3) dressing gown, robe-de-chambre, lounging robe - (a robe worn before dressing or while lounging)
     WN  noun 'dressing sack':
         1. dressing sack, dressing sacque - (a woman's loose jacket; worn while dressing)

Super-classes Robe^c

DressingRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DressingRoom`
Description	rooms found in theatres or homes where one gets dressed; usually contains mirrors, make-up lights, costumes or clothing, etc. This includes the small minimal dressing rooms found in clothing stores, or in ''BathHouse''s.. `SUMO: Any Room which is intended for ChangingClothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dressing room' in WordNet: 1. (7) dressing room - (a room in which you can change clothes)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Dressing^c

Dribbling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dribbling`
Description	A ''Dribbling'' is a slow motion of stream of Liquid drops from some higher place to some lower place. This includes slow flow that has slow continuous flow with few or no perceptable drops. `For falling in drops use subtype 'Dripping''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (''Dripping'' in separate drops is a subtype) of 'dribble' in WordNet: 1. drip, trickle, dribble - (flowing in drops; the formation and falling of drops of liquid; 'there's a drip through the roof')`
Super-classes	FluidFlow-Translation^c
Sub-classes	Drooling^c DrippingEvent^c

Dried^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dried

Description

This attribute holds necessarily of objects that have been dried.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'dried' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) dried - (not still wet; 'the ink has dried'; 'a face marked with dried tears')
         2. (1) dried, dehydrated, desiccated - (preserved by removing natural moisture; 'dried beef';
           'dried fruit'; 'dehydrated eggs'; 'shredded and desiccated coconut meat')

Super-classes Solid^c
PastParticiple^c

DriedBlood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DriedBlood`
Description	COSMO: dried blood has some significantly different properties form the liquid stuff, so we distinguish the two and relate them by the relation 'isaDriedFormOfSubstance'.
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c

DriedBloodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DriedBloodObject`
Description	Some quantity of blood that has dried or congealed and solidifed - not frozen blood. a ''BloodClot'' is a subtype, but a dried spot of blood (of interest to forensic specialists) is also.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value DriedBlood^c
Sub-classes	BloodClot^c

DriedFruitObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DriedFruitObject`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dried fruit' in WordNet: 1. dried fruit - (fruit preserved by drying)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op some FruitType^c
Sub-classes	Raisin^c

Drift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drift`
Description	A 'drift' is a Pile of small Objects (making a GranularSubstance) that has been arranged in a Pile by the force of moving water or wind. Sand dunes, snow drifts, other accumulations. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'drift' in WordNet: 4. drift - (something that is heaped up by the wind or by water currents)`
Super-classes	Arrangement^c Agglomeration^c Pile^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some GranularSubstanceType^c isTheProductOf^op value Drifting^c
Sub-classes	Snowdrift^c SandDune^c

DriftWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DriftWood`
Description	A ''PieceOfWood'' that has drifted on the surface of a BodyOfWater. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driftwood' in Wordnet: 1. driftwood - (wood that is floating or that has been washed ashore)`
Super-classes	PieceOfWood^c
Restrictions	isObtainedFrom^op value BodyOfWater^c

Drifter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drifter`
Description	A homeless PoorPerson who is the agent in a 'Wandering' Action, whether temporarily (as an extended break from employment) or as a life style (vagabonds, bums, hoboes). `Includes noun sense 2 of 'vagabond' and sense 1 of 'drifter' and sense 1 of 'wanderer' and sense 1 of 'roamer' in WordNet: 2. vagrant, drifter, floater, vagabond - (a wanderer who has no established residence or visible means of support) WN 'wanderer': 1. (1) wanderer, roamer, rover, bird of passage - (someone who leads a wandering unsettled life)`
Super-classes	Wanderer^c PoorPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Homeless^c
Sub-classes	Hobo^c

Drifting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drifting`
Description	The movement of particles of some material (a ''GranularSubstance'') due to movement of a gas or liquid. This is the type of Event that creates a ''Drift'', such as a sand dune. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'drift' (but does not include 'float' - for that use ''FloatingEvent'') in WordNet: 1. (6) float, drift, be adrift, blow - (be in motion due to some air or water current; 'The leaves were blowing in the wind'; 'the boat drifted on the lake'; 'The sailboat was adrift on the open sea'; 'the shipwrecked boat drifted away from the shore')`
Super-classes	ComingTogether^c MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some FluidType^c produced^op some Drift^c hadMainParticipant^op some GranularSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Silting^c

Drill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drill`
Description	This ''Drill' is for the whole tool used for drilling holes in things; the replaceable 'drill bit' portion would be represented by a different type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drill' in WordNet: 1. drill - (a tool with a sharp point and cutting edges for making holes in hard materials (usually rotating rapidly or by repeated blows))`
Super-classes	Tool^c CuttingDevice^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c functionsTogetherWith^op value DrillBit^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value DrillingAHole^c
Sub-classes	DentistsDrill^c

DrillBit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrillBit`
Description	A ''DrillBit'' is the replaceable 'cutting edge' piece of metal that has a sharp point or sharp edge that is rotated to bore into hard materials and create a hole in them. NOTE: In technical usage, one sense of 'drill' is this type ''DrillBit'', whereas the COSMO ''Drill' would be called a 'drilling machine': RHW 'drill' sense 1.a.: 1. Mach., Building Trades. a. a shaftlike tool with two or more cutting edges for making holes in firm materials, esp. by rotation. b. a tool, esp. a hand tool, for holding and operating such a tool. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bit' in WordNet: 10. bit - (the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press; 'he looked around for the right size bit')`
Super-classes	Tool^c CuttingDevice^c Shaft^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SharpEnded^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value DrillingAHole^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Replaceable^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Drill^c
Sub-classes	BurrBit^c

DrilledHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrilledHole`
Description	A ''DrilledHole'' is a ''PiercedHole'' in some ''SolidObject'' created by a ''DrillingAHole'' Action
Super-classes	PiercedHole^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c isLocatedAt^op some SolidObject^c wasCreatedByEvent^op value DrillingAHole^c

DrilledWell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrilledWell`
Description	A ''DrilledWell'' is ''Well'' produced by ''DrillingaWell''. This is also referred to as a ''drill hole' - which term could also be used for small ''DrilledHole''s created by machine-shop drilling devices. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bore' in WordNet: 4. bore, bore-hole, drill hole - (a hole or passage made by a drill; usually made for exploratory purposes)`
Super-classes	Well^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op value DrillingaWell^c
Sub-classes	GasWell^c OilWell^c

DrillingAHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrillingAHole`
Description	''DrillingAHole'' is an Action in which holes are created by using a ''drilling machine' that holds and rotates a rotating end-sharpened ''DrillBit''' that cuts its way into some solid object, creating a cylindrical shaped ''Hole'', plus some powder or shavings that are fragents of the material removed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drill' in WordNet: 1. (22) bore, drill - (make a hole with a pointed power or hand tool; 'don't drill here, there's a gas pipe'; 'drill a hole into the wall'; 'drill for oil')`
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Drill^c produces^op value DrilledHole^c hadObjectHandled^op value Drill^c hadObjectPenetrated^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	DrillingaTooth^c DrillingaWell^c

DrillingForOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrillingForOil`
Description	''DrillingForOil'' is a ''DrillingaWell'' in which the goal is to find and/or extract Pertoleum from a ''PetroleumReservoir''. This includes side-drilling and fracking. This can be exploratory drilling or drilling for production in an established ''OilField''.
Super-classes	DrillingaWell^c Searching^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value Petroleum^c

DrillingRig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrillingRig`
Description	A DrillingRig is a large non-mobile Platform, used to support equipment used to drill holes into the ground, whether on the land or under water, usually looking for oil or natural gas. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drilling rig' in WordNet: 1. drill rig, drilling rig, oilrig, oil rig - (rig used in drilling for oil or gas)`
Super-classes	Platform^c Facility-Generic^c Device^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value DrillingaWell^c

DrillingaTooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrillingaTooth`
Description	''DrillingaTooth'' is a subtype of ''DrillingAHole'' in which a part of a ''Tooth'' is removed by drilling with a ''DentistsDrill''. This is performed to remove ''ToothDecay'', and is usually followed by 'filling'' the hole created (not yet represented).
Super-classes	DrillingAHole^c
Restrictions	removes^op value ToothDecay^c isPerformedBy^op value Dentist^c usesDeviceType^op value DentistsDrill^c hadObjectModified^op value Tooth^c

DrillingaWell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrillingaWell`
Description	''DrillingaWellHole'' is a subtype of ''DrillingAHole'' in which a ''Well'' is created. The ''Well'' may or may not be capable of yielding anything useful - if not,it is a ''dry well. NOTE that a ''Well'' is considered a ''UsefulSource' but that is a default. A dry well'may be minimally useful if it provides the information that the formation drilled has no extractable resources, and there are better places to drill
Super-classes	DrillingAHole^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value DrillingRig^c produces^op value DrilledWell^c
Sub-classes	DrillingForOil^c

Drink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drink`
Description	A single quantity of a 'Beverage', usually in some container, but possibly taken from a fountain or slurped up from a bowl, enough to ingest in a short time. This is an object, not a substance. his includes the subtype ''Swig'', the quantity of beverage taken in that is all swallowed at once, A typical 'glass' of wine would be 5 or 6 fluid ounces. `Used in phrases like 'I'd like a drink'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drink' in WordNet: 1. (20) drink - (a single serving of a beverage; 'I asked for a hot drink'; 'likes a drink before dinner')`
Super-classes	LiquidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some (Beverage^c or BeverageType^c)
Sub-classes	Swig^c Nightcap^c Sip^c

DrinkBar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkBar`
Description	A ''DrinkBar'' is a 'Counter' where alcoholic beverages are kept and served, along with 'mixers' to add to and enhance the basic alcoholic beverage, and glasses and ice and mixing containers to permit mixed drinks to be prepared, and in commercial establishments usually a sink as well. Any one of the usual accoutrements of a ''Bar'' may be absent at functions where only wine and/or beer are served, but there have to be some alcoholic beverages. This includes not only the counter itself, but the storage area for the drinks and accessories. The drinks are 'contained' in the ''Bar''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bar' in WordNet: 2. (4) bar - (a counter where you can obtain food or drink; 'he bought a hot dog and a coke at the bar')`
Super-classes	Counter^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value TendingBar^c supports^op value BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage^c

DrinkMixer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkMixer`
Description	A ''DrinkMixer'' is a ''NonAlcoholicBeverage'' used to add flavor or dilute an AlcoholoicBeverage.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mixer' in WordNet: 2. mixer - (club soda or fruit juice used to mix with alcohol)`
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c NonAlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value MixedDrink^c
Sub-classes	SeltzerWater^c

Drinker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drinker`
Description	A ''Drinker'' is a Person who is drinking or habitually drinks some type of beverage, including plain water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drinker' in WordNet: 1. (1) drinker - (a person who drinks liquids)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value DrinkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	AlcoholDrinker^c

DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage`
Description	'DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage consumed is one or more portions of some AlcoholicBeverage(s). One may consider an evening in which wine, whiskey, and beer were all consumed (by one or more people) to be a single instance of this Event, or just one gulp. `The term 'drinking'is sometimes used to mean esxcessive drinking, but that requires subtle discussion not needed as of rev1399. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drink' in WordNet: 2. (10) drink, booze, fuddle - (consume alcohol; 'We were up drinking all night')`
Super-classes	DrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value AlcoholicBeverage^c
Sub-classes	ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption^c DrinkingWine^c DrinkingaNightcap^c

DrinkingCan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingCan`
Description	Cans, often made of aluminum, in which soda, beer, and other potable liquids are contained and sometimes drunk from. Tend to have a capacity of 8 fljid ounces to 16 ounces, most commonly 12 ounces.
Super-classes	CylindricalObject^c PackagingContainerProduct^c Can^c DrinkingVessel^c DisposableProduct^c HandSizedObject^c
Sub-classes	BeerCan^c

DrinkingCoffee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingCoffee`
Description	''DrinkingCoffee'' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage consumed is ''Coffee''.
Super-classes	DrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Coffee^c

DrinkingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink. In each instance of #$DrinkingEvent, one animal consumes a portion of some instance of #$Drink. Each instance of #$DrinkingEvent typically consists of several instances of #$DrinkingASip (q.v.). See also #$EatingEvent. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drink' in WordNet: 1. (32) drink, imbibe - (take in liquids; 'The patient must drink several liters each day'; 'The children like to drink soda')`
Super-classes	ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Beverage^c hadConsumedObject^op value Drink^c mayCause^op value SlakingaThirst^c
Sub-classes	Sipping^c DrinkingSoda^c Slurping^c Quaffing^c DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage^c DrinkingCoffee^c Guzzling^c

DrinkingFountain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingFountain`
Description	A ''Drinking'' is an ''PlumbingFixture'' that provides a stream of water for drinking, usually when some lever is pressed (by the hand or foot). It is usually located indoors, but is sometimes found outdoors in public places. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drinking fountain' in WordNet: 1. drinking fountain, water fountain, bubbler - (a public fountain to provide a jet of drinking water)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c PlumbingFixture^c HumanSizedObject^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Water^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Spout^c

DrinkingGlass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingGlass`
Description	COSMO note: not necessarily made out of glass. `Cyc: The collection of drinking glasses, a particular kind of vessel for consuming liquids. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'glass' in WordNet: 2. (14) glass, drinking glass - (a container for holding liquids while drinking)`
Super-classes	DrinkingVessel^c
Sub-classes	ChampagneFlute^c WineGlass^c Goblet^c

DrinkingMug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingMug`
Description	A drinkingVessel usually made of ceramic material, with a handle. The Handle is usually a 'LoopedHandle', but not always. This specific type has a cylindrical shape. `Sense 4 of 'mug' in WordNet: 4. mug - (with handle and usually cylindrical)`
Super-classes	DrinkingVessel^c CylindricalObject^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value LoopedHandle^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c

DrinkingSoda^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingSoda`
Description	''DrinkingSoda'' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage consumed is ''SodaPop''.
Super-classes	DrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value SodaPop^c

DrinkingStraw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingStraw

Description

A small tube used for drinking beverages - usually about 1/4 inch wide and 4-10 inches long. It can be of any insoluble and impermeable solid material - paper, plastic, glass.

   Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'straw' and sense 1 of 'drinking straw' in WordNet:
   4. straw, drinking straw - (a thin paper or plastic tube used to such liquids into the mouth)

Super-classes HandTool^c
SimplePipe^c

DrinkingVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingVessel`
Description	Open-top Containers used to hold beverages in a form convenient for consumption. Beverage bottles are not included, even if many people drink from them, as that is not their design purpose. A baby bottle used with a nipple is also not an instance. A cup or tankard may have a lid, but it is used while open-topped, and that determines its place in this category. See e.g. ''DrinkingCan''. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'drinking vessel' in WordNet: 1. drinking vessel - (a vessel intended for drinking)`
Super-classes	FoodVessel^c Tableware^c LiquidContainer^c OpenTopContainer^c SmallObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value DrinkingEvent^c isDesignedToContain^op value Beverage^c
Sub-classes	Cup^c DrinkingMug^c CoffeeCup^c DrinkingGlass^c DrinkingCan^c

DrinkingWine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingWine`
Description	'DrinkingWine' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage consumed is ''Wine''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wine' in WordNet: 1. wine - (drink wine)`
Super-classes	DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Wine^c

DrinkingaNightcap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrinkingaNightcap`
Description	A ''DrinkingaNightcap'' is the Action of consuming a ''NightCap'' shortly before bedtime.
Super-classes	DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value NightTime^c hadConsumedObject^op value Nightcap^c occursBefore^op value Bedtime^c

Dripping^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dripping

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dripping' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) dripping - (having liquid falling in drops; 'in the dripping fog'; 
             'the scene where he is singing in the rain in dripping clothes';
             'there was little shelter under the dripping trees')

Super-classes Wet^c

DrippingEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrippingEvent

Description

''DrippingEvent'' is a ''Dribbling'' in which some liquid falls freely in individual drops.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of sense 2  of 'drip' in WordNet:
         1. (11) drip - (fall in drops; 'Water is dripping from the faucet')
         2. drip, trickle, dribble - (flowing in drops; the formation and falling
              of drops of liquid; 'there's a drip through the roof')

Super-classes Dribbling^c

Drivel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drivel`
Description	''Drivel'' is a form of ''Humbug'' (an AbstractText) that is either false or logically incoherent or both. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drivel' in WordNet: 1. drivel, garbage - (a worthless message)`
Super-classes	WorthlessThing^c Humbug^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nonsensical^c
Sub-classes	Pap^c

Driven^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Driven`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'driven' in Wordnet: 2. driven, impelled - (urged or forced to action through moral pressure; 'felt impelled to take a stand against the issue')`
Super-classes	Motivated^c

Driver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Driver`
Description	A 'Driver' is a person who is operating or habitually operates and controls some 'TransportationDevice-Vehicle' - not just land vehicles, but air and sea vehicles as well. This is very general and can apply to the role played in a single 'Action' or to one who does such actions as a profession. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver' in WordNet: 1. (19) driver - (the operator of a motor vehicle)`
Super-classes	DeviceOperator^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ControllingATransportationDevice^c controls^op some (DeviceType^c or TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c)
Sub-classes	AirplanePilot^c RoadVehicleDriver^c Driver-TransportationProfessional^c

Driver-TransportationProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Driver-TransportationProfessional`
Description	COSMO: a generic vehicle driver who drives as a profession, including taxi drivers bus drivers, truck drivers, airplane pilots, train engineers, boat drivers (captain or otherwise) and drivers of horse-drawn carriages.
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Driver^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ControllingATransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	BusDriver^c AirplanePilot^c DraftAnimalDriver^c TaxiDriver^c Chauffeur^c Trucker^c

DriverClub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DriverClub`
Description	A ''DriverClub'' is a ''GolfClub'' with a heavy wooden body and a relatively flat face, designed to be used in ''DrivingaGolfBall'' on the ''TeeingGround'' of a golf hole. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver' in WordNet: 5. driver, number one wood - (a golf club (a wood) with a near vertical face that is used for hitting long shots from the tee)`
Super-classes	GolfClub^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value TeeingOff^c

DriverSeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DriverSeat`
Description	A''DriverSeat'' is an ''AutoSeat'' on which the ''AutomobileDriver'' sits. always at the front of the auto.
Super-classes	AutoSeat^c
Restrictions	isInFrontOf^op value RearSeat^c supports^op value AutomobileDriver^c

DriversLicense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DriversLicense`
Description	A 'DriversLicense' is any of various 'License's granted by a Government or government agency,usually a state Motor Vehicle agency, to a Person to drive some kind of vehicle. Different type of licenses may be granted (auto, truck motorcycle). This is the abstract Permission; for the physical document use 'DriversLicenseDocument'. `Wordnet does not distinguish the abstract license from the document, so the WN phrase is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver's license' in WordNet: 1. driver's license, driver's licence, driving license, driving licence - (a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle)`
Super-classes	License^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some DriversLicenseDocument^c

DriversLicenseDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DriversLicenseDocument`
Description	A 'DriversLicenseDocument' is the printed Document that a Person has been granted a 'DriversLicense'. `In CYC called 'DriversLicense' A document from some GeopoliticalAuthority stating that the identifed individual has permission to drive some vehicle within the jurisdiction of that authority.' Wordnet does not distinguish the abstract license from the document, so the WN phrase is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver's licence' in WordNet: 1. driver's license, driver's licence, driving license, driving licence - (a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle)`
Super-classes	IDDocument^c CertificateDocument^c Document-Physical^c LegalDocument^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value DriversLicense^c

Driveway^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Driveway

Description

Driveways of Modern Houses.

    SUMO: A small, private Roadway that is used for parking 
     Automobiles or for connecting a Garage to a public Roadway.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driveway' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) driveway, drive, private road - (a road leading up to a private house;
          'they parked in the driveway')

Super-classes Roadway^c
SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
FrontAndBackSidedObject^c

Driving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Driving

Description

The attributeValue ''Driving'' is a subtype of ''Powerful'' that characterizes Feelings or Beliefs that cause a Person to act with determination..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'driving' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) driving, impulsive - (having the power of driving or impelling; 
            'a driving personal ambition'; 'the driving force was his innate enthusiasm';
            'an impulsive force')

Super-classes Powerful^c

DrivingaBus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrivingaBus`
Description	'DrivingaBus' is the subtype of 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' in which the vehicle controlled is a Bus (multipassenger vehicle, which can be a minibus)
Super-classes	DrivingaRoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some Bus^c hadObjectRidden^op value Bus^c

DrivingaRoadVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrivingaRoadVehicle`
Description	'DrivingaRoadVehicle' is the Action most commonly referred to as 'driving' - as opposed to piloting an airplane or a boat. This does not include driving a train or other vehicle on a track, though it does include drving a trolley car with overhead wires. When 'Driving' the operator of the vehicle must be in the vehicle - remote control fo vehicles is not included in this type; therefore each 'Driving' is also an instance of 'Riding'. For riding in a Sailboat, use 'Sailing'. NOTE that 'driving' is something done by some agent, but that agent can be an automaton such as the automatic controller of a driverless car or a remote operator for an airplane drone or other vehicle. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'drive' (for the other part, see the parent 'ControllingATransportationDevice') in WordNet: 1. (56) drive - (operate or control a vehicle; 'drive a car or bus'; 'Can you drive this four-wheel truck?') WN noun 'driving': 2. driving - (the act of controlling and steering the movement of a vehicle or animal)
Super-classes	ControllingATransportationDevice^c OperatingaPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SteeringaRoadVehicle^c hadObjectHandled^op some RoadVehicle^c hadObjectRidden^op value RoadVehicle^c hasSubEvent^op value SpeedingUpaVehicle^c hasSubEvent^op value SlowingDownaVehicle^c alwaysCauses^op value RidingInaVehicle^c
Sub-classes	DrivingaBus^c ParkingaRoadVehicle^c UsingaTollRoad^c DrivingaTaxiCab^c DrivingaTruck^c DrivinganAutomobile^c

DrivingaTaxiCab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrivingaTaxiCab`
Description	'DrivinganAutomobile' is the subtype of 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' in which the vehicle controlled is a TaxiCab (not a limousine)
Super-classes	DrivingaRoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value TaxiCab^c hadObjectHandled^op some TaxiCab^c

DrivingaTruck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrivingaTruck`
Description	''DrivingaTruck'' is the subtype of ''DrivingaRoadVehicle'' in which the vehicle driven is a ''Truck''. `No WN entry for this specific concept.`
Super-classes	DrivingaRoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some Truck^c isPerformedBy^op value Trucker^c hadObjectRidden^op value Truck^c

DrivinganAutomobile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrivinganAutomobile`
Description	'DrivinganAutomobile' is the subtype of 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' in which the vehicle controlled is an automobile (of any kind, including limousines, taxis, private cars)
Super-classes	DrivingaRoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some Automobile^c hadObjectRidden^op value Automobile^c

Drizzle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drizzle`
Description	A ''Drizzle'' is a ''RainEvent'' in which the water droplets falling are small and not dense, so that less water falls on a given area of ground in any give time interval than in a 'Shower'' or a ''RainStorm''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drizzle' in WordNet: 1. drizzle, mizzle - (rain lightly; 'When it drizzles in summer, hiking can be pleasant') WN noun 'drizzle': 1. (5) drizzle, mizzle - (very light rain; stronger than mist but less than a shower)`
Super-classes	RainEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sparse^c

Drone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drone

Description

A ''Drone'' differs from other Aircraft in being controlled from the ground by radio signals, rather than a pilot on board. It can be either fixed-wing or rotary wing. The rotary-wing variety typically has more than one rotating wing.

       Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'drone' in WordNet:
         4. drone, pilotless aircraft, radio-controlled aircraft - 
            (an aircraft without a pilot that is operated by remote control)

Super-classes FuelPoweredDevice^c
UnmannedAircraft^c
Aircraft^c

Drooling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drooling

Description

''Drooling'' is a ''Dribbling'' of saliva from an Vertebrate's mouth to some lower place, often (for people) down the chin.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drool' in WordNet:
          2. drivel, drool, slabber, slaver, slobber, dribble - 
              (let saliva drivel from the mouth; 'The baby drooled')

Super-classes Dribbling^c

Drooping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drooping`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'droop' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sag, droop, swag, flag - (droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c DroppingDown^c

DropOfLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DropOfLiquid`
Description	A 'DropOfLiquid' is a near-spherical object consisting of some liquid substance (an instance of 'LiquidSubstanceType''). A ''DropOfLiquid'' can be suspended in a gas or may fall freely in gravity. The kind of 'drop' on a surface will be a different type. NOTE: WN does not seems to have any sense specifically for a small roundish object made of liquid. Part of sense 1 gloss: 'a drop of each sample was analyzed' seems to apply and makes this the closest in WN to the meaning of thi type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drop' in WordNet: 1. (10) drop, drib, driblet - (a small indefinite quantity (especially of a liquid); 'he had a drop too much to drink'; 'a drop of each sample was analyzed'; 'there is not a drop of pity in that man'; 'years afterward, they would pay the blood-money, driblet by driblet'-Kipling)
Super-classes	SphericalObject^c LiquidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.3^c

DropOfWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DropOfWater`
Description	A 'DropOfWater' is a near-spherical object consisting of water; near the surface of the Earth, it may be found in clouds, fogs, or in rain, or falling from any object to a lower object under many circumstances. To be a 'drop' of water, it must have a diameter no greater than 1 cm (and usually a lot smaller). In gravitation-free space, spheres of water that are larger can be stable, but those are not instances of 'DropOfWater'. A DropOfWater can be very small, with a diameter under 1 mm. `NOTE: 'drops' of water on a surface are not near-spherical and are not included in this type: @ToDo 1111; represent drops on a surface!!`
Super-classes	SphericalObject^c LiquidObject^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.3^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Raindrop^c TearDrop^c Droplet^c

Droplet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Droplet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'droplet' in WordNet: 1. (3) droplet - (a tiny drop)`
Super-classes	TinyObject^c DropOfWater^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.3^c
Sub-classes	FogDroplet^c

Dropout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dropout`
Description	A ''Dropout'' is a ''Quitter'' who stops some kind of educational program before the course of instruction is completed. Usually used for dropping out of school, but also applicable to other forms of training,such as in some military programs. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'dropout' in WordNet: 1. (1) dropout - (someone who quits school before graduation)`
Super-classes	Quitter^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value DroppingOutOfSchool^c

Dropping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dropping`
Description	Dropping is an action in which an Agent lets go (intentionally or unintentionally) of an object, which then falls to the ground (unless intercepted by another action). This Action has some 'Falling-Freefall' as a result. `This sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'drop' in WordNet: 1. (39) drop - (let fall to the ground; 'Don't drop the dishes')`
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c Action^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Falling-Freefall^c
Sub-classes	Pouring^c DroppingBombs^c

DroppingBombs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DroppingBombs`
Description
Super-classes	Dropping^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value AirTransportationDevice^c hadConsumedObject^op value AerialBomb^c

DroppingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DroppingDown`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drop down' in Wordnet: 1. sink, drop, drop down - (fall or drop to a lower place or level; 'He sank to his knees')`
Super-classes	Action^c ChangingPosture^c AnimalActivity^c
Sub-classes	Drooping^c

DroppingOutOfSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DroppingOutOfSchool`
Description	''DroppingOutOfSchool'' is a ''QuittingAction'' in which some 'Student'' voluntarily leaves a program in a ''School'', before graduating. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drop out' in WordNet: 2. drop out - (leave school or an educational program prematurely; 'Many students drop out because they are not prepared for our challenging program')`
Super-classes	QuittingAction^c
Restrictions	finishes^op value GoingToSchool^c subjectBecomes^op value Dropout^c

Drought^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drought`
Description	A specialization of #$NaturalHazard and #$WeatherEvent. Each instance of #$Drought is an event in which a region experiences lower then normal precipitation for an extended period of time. `This is the literal meaning of too little rainfall. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drought' in Wordnet: 1. (5) drought, drouth - (a shortage of rainfall; 'farmers most affected by the drought hope that there may yet be sufficient rain early in the growing season')`
Super-classes	DangerousSituation^c PersistentState^c WeatherEvent^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoWeeks^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Rain^c

Drowning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drowning`
Description	An Death due to an Accident or a Killing where an air-breathing animal dies due to inhaling a liquid (see #$LiquidTangibleThing) and then dying of asphyxiation. This is the intransitive sense of 'drown'; the transitive sense is represented as 'DrowningSomething'. `Corresponds to sense 3 (intransitive) of verb 'drown' in WordNet: 3. (2) drown - (die from being submerged in water, getting water into the lungs, and asphyxiating; 'The child drowned in the lake')`
Super-classes	BeingKilled^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value UnderWater^c

DrowningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrowningSomething`
Description	Killing a living thing by immersing it in water until it dies of asphyxiation; cause something to drown. `Corresponds to sense 4 (transitive) of verb 'drown' in WordNet: 4. (1) drown - (kill by submerging in water; 'He drowned the kittens')`
Super-classes	Killing^c
Restrictions	causes^op some Drowning^c

Drowsiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drowsiness`
Description	An PersistentState characterized by the loss of an animal's alertness, with a tendency to fall asleep. 'sleepiness'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drowsiness' in WordNet: 1. (1) sleepiness, drowsiness, somnolence - (a very sleepy state; 'sleepiness causes many driving accidents')`
Super-classes	Absence^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Drowsy^c mayCause^op value SleepingEvent^c canBeCausedByEventWithAttribute^op value Soporific^c

Drowsy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drowsy

Description

''Drowsy'' is an attribute of an Animal (usually a ''Person'') that is no longer alert and is tending to fall asleep.

    CYC 'Sleepy': #$Sleepy is the collection of all animals that are
        members of #$Awake that are very tired.  It is the state an
        animal normally passes through before #$GoingToSleep.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drowsy' and sense 1 of 'sleepy' in Wordnet:
           1. drowsy, drowsing, dozy - (half asleep; 'made drowsy by the long ride';
           'it seemed a pity to disturb the drowsing (or dozing) professor';
           'a tired dozy child'; 'the nodding (or napping) grandmother in her rocking chair')
         WN adj 'sleepy':
           1. sleepy, sleepy-eyed, sleepyheaded - (ready to fall asleep;
             'beginning to feel sleepy'; 'a sleepy-eyed child with drooping eyelids';
             'sleepyheaded students')

Super-classes Awake^c

DrugAbuse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugAbuse`
Description	''DrugAbuse'' is the non-prescription ingestion of an ''AddictiveSubstance'' (not just any old drug). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drug abuse' in WordNet: 1. substance abuse, drug abuse, habit - (excessive use of drugs)`
Super-classes	SubstanceAbuse^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Ingesting^c mayBeCausedBy^op value Addiction^c hadConsumedObject^op value AddictiveSubstance^c

DrugAddict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugAddict`
Description	An ''DrugAddict'' is an ''Addict'' who is addicted to some ''NarcoticDrug''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drug addict' in WordNet: 1. drug addict, junkie, junky - (a narcotics addict)`
Super-classes	Addict^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DrugAddiction^c performsAction^op value DrugAbuse^c

DrugAddicted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugAddicted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drug-addicted' in Wordnet: 1. dependent, dependant, drug-addicted, hooked, strung-out - (addicted to a drug)`
Super-classes	Addicted^c

DrugAddiction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugAddiction`
Description	''DrugAddiction'' is an ''Adddiction'' that compels tht addict to regularly perform ''DrugAbuse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drug addiction' in WordNet: 1. drug addiction, white plague - (an addiction to a drug (especially a narcotic drug))`
Super-classes	Addiction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value DrugAbuse^c hasSubEvent^op value DrugAbuse^c

DrugCapsule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugCapsule`
Description	A ''DrugCapsule''is a marble-sized ''CapsuleContainer'', small and cylcindrical and designed to hold some Drug for ingestion by mouth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capsule' in WordNet: 2. (2) capsule - (a pill in the form of a small rounded gelatinous container with medicine inside)`
Super-classes	ContainerAndContents^c OralDrugObject^c Pill^c
Restrictions	hasContainer^op value CapsuleContainer^c hasContents^op value OralDrugSubstance^c

DrugObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject (a SolidObject or a quantity of liquid, vapor, or mist) that is designed to be ingested for some medical (or recreational) purpose. `No sense of 'drug' in Wordnet for this concept.`
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c ProductObject^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value DrugProduct^c
Sub-classes	Dosage^c DoseOfDrug^c OralDrugObject^c Suppository^c

DrugPrescription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugPrescription`
Description	This can be used for abstract or physical prescription documents. Intention is to represent the common 'drug prescription' in any form. CYC: A specialization of #$OfficialDocument. Each instance of this collection is a document in which a doctor (#$Doctor-Medical) authorizes a patient to purchase a certain amount of a #$PrescriptionDrug and take it according to some specified schedule. See also the predicates #$prescriptionFilled and #$prescribedDrug. NOTE that this cannot be an ''OfficialDocuent'' since that is physical, and a DirectionsDoment is abstract - a prescription may be on computer these das, information only. So we give it the restrctions of an official document directly. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'prescription' in WordNet: 4. prescription - (written instructions from a physician or dentist to a druggist concerning the form and dosage of a drug to be issued to a given patient)
Super-classes	DirectionsDocument^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value PrescribingMedication^c wasCreatedBy^op some Prescriber^c hasMainTopic^op value PrescriptionDrug^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Official^c

DrugProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugProduct`
Description	A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$DrugSubstance. Each instance of #$DrugProduct is a drug substance manufactured by some agent. Instances of #$DrugProduct include drugs prescribed by a physician, drugs purchased as over-the-counter medicines, and drugs used for recreational purposes (so #$AlcoholicBeverage, #$Nicotine, and #$Caffeine are specializations). This is a 'DrugSubstance' that is made for sale commercially, For substances prepared for personal use to treat illness,use the parent type ''DrugSubstance''. Includes noun sense 2 of 'medicine' and noun sense 1 of 'medication' and part of noun sense 2 of 'remedy' (medicines but not 'therapy' in the sense of physical therapy) in WordNet (no sense of 'drug' directly corresponds - see the parent 'DrugSubstance' but the word is used in this sense, so it is tagged as a WN sense): in WordNet: WN 'medicine'; see also 'PrescriptionDrug' 2. (3) medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug - ((medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease) WN noun 'medication': 1. (2) medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug - ((medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease) WN noun 'remedy': 2. (1) remedy, curative, cure, therapeutic - (a medicine or therapy that cures disease or relieve pain)
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c PharmacyProduct^c ConsumableProduct^c
Sub-classes	Quinine^c PrescriptionDrug^c Ephedrine^c Marijuana^c Narcotic^c ContraceptiveDrug^c Amphetamine^c Anticoagulant^c AntiDiabeticDrug^c Diuretic^c EffectiveDrugProduct^c SteroidalDrug^c MedicinalOintment^c Analgesic^c Diltiazem^c Supplement^c LSD^c OverTheCounterDrug^c Chloroform^c Antiseptic^c

DrugResistant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugResistant`
Description	''DrugResistant' is the Attribute of Organisms that resist being killed by some agent, which is not necessarily a therapeutic 'drug', it could be a herbicide.
Super-classes	Resistant^c

DrugSideEffect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugSideEffect`
Description	Any internal biochemical Event occurring inside an AnimalBody `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'side effect' in WordNet: 1. side effect - (a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy; 'severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug')`
Super-classes	BodilyResponse^c PhysiologicalEffect^c SideEffect^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value AdministeringaDrug^c

DrugStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugStore`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$RetailStores that sell prescription and non-prescription drugs and other sundry items - like the Eckerds down the street. These organizations always have a #$Pharmacy as a department. Note the constant #$DrugStoreChain should be used to refer to #$Organizations with multiple outlets. CYC sees to conflate an Organization with the site(s) at which the Organization doesbusiness. This type is for the place of business. CYC 'Pharmacy': #$Pharmacy is a specialization of #$PharmaceuticalDispensingOrganization, #$CommercialServiceOrganization, and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients. Each instance of #$Pharmacy is a (local-level) organization which sells mainly prescription drugs, but usually also carries non-prescription drugs and other medical supplies that might be needed by a family or individual. Sometimes these are free-standing stores, sometimes departments within other stores (like drugstores and supermarkets). SUMO: A RetailStore that sells Medicine, and perhaps other items as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drugstore' in WordNet: 1. (6) drugstore, apothecary's shop, chemist's, chemist's shop, pharmacy - (a retail shop where medicine and other articles are sold)
Super-classes	RetailStore^c ServiceEstablishment^c
Restrictions	sells^op value DrugProduct^c

DrugSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugSubstance`
Description	'''DrugSubstance'' is a ''SubstanceRole'' for any substance that is used internally or externally to improve the physiological functioning of an organism. NOTE that this category includes substances that may have no beneficial effect, such as a ''Placebo'', but may nevertheless be used in the expectation that they will have a beneficial effect, or as a precaution against illness that might be acquired, e.g. by infection. This includes medicines, vitamin supplements, vaccines, and recreational drugs. However, it does not include poisons whose sole effect is deleterious and that are not used as medicines (but some legitimate drugs are poisonous at excessive doses, and are included here). In this respect, it may differ somewhat from the Cyc intended meaning. A 'DrugSubstance' includes the subtype 'DrugProduct' 9made and sold commercialy), but also includes substances that are used as drugs but are not made and sold commercially - e.g. home medicinal herb powders. For those DrugSubstances prepared specificly to treat some illness, use the subtype ''DrugProduct'', which can be natural, but must at least be produced or prepared for the purpose of treating illness. NOTE that a 'DrugSubstance' is classified as a subtype of 'FunctionalSubstance', meaning that it is an artifact produced to serve a purpose; although the active ingredient of a substance used as a drug may be natural, the actual drug substance must, to fit into this category, be processed in some way so that it qualifies as an 'ArtificialSubstance'. NOTE that WordNet distinguishes between drugs in general and those used medicinally. Such distinctions are useful, but this type is the most general for substances used with the intention of having beneficial physiological effect. The subtype 'PrescriptionDrug' is closer to the WordNet meaning. Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$DrugSubstance is something that can be introduced into an organism's body to produce certain physiological effects. This collection includes naturally-occurring substances, as well as manufactured substances (for the latter, see the specialization #$DrugProduct). Includes noun sense 2 of 'drug and sense 2 of 'medicine' in WordNet: WN 'medicine' 2. (3) medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug - ((medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease) WN 'drug' 1. (31) drug - (a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic)
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c FunctionalSubstance^c MedicalRemedy^c BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c
Sub-classes	SteroidHormone^c Expectorant^c ControlledSubstance^c Antihistamine^c DrugProduct^c OralDrugSubstance^c InsulinTheSecretion^c Placebo^c AntiInflammatory^c Decongestant^c Elixir^c Antacid^c Antibiotic^c AntiEmetic^c Depressant^c Vitamin^c Diuretic^c AddictiveSubstance^c Purgative^c Antihypertensive^c Sedative^c Antidote^c AntiToxin^c AntimalarialDrug^c PsychoactiveAgent^c AntifungalDrug^c AntiprotozoalDrug^c LSD^c GinsengRootPowder^c AntiDepressant^c HerbalMedicine^c Laxative^c Opium^c Famotidine^c Antipyretic^c Synergist^c Blocker^c

DrugSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugSubstanceType`
Description	''DrugSubstanceType'' metatype which is a subclass of ''SubstanceType'' that can serve as type for physical substances that are ingested as drugs (legal or illegal), or as vitamins, or as a supplement of any kind for the purpose of having some physiolgical effect.
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	AntibioticType^c
Members	Placebo Synergist Antipyretic Decongestant Ephedrine PrescriptionDrug Marijuana Sedative-Hypnotic LSD Methadone Antacid AntiDepressant Depressant Narcotic IllegalDrug Antihistamine HerbalMedicine Antidote BetaBlocker Diuretic PsychoactiveAgent Laxative LocalAnesthetic AntiprotozoalDrug Opium Antihypertensive CastorOil MedicinalOintment AntiToxin AntiDiabeticDrug Tranquilizer Anticoagulant Hashish SteroidHormone DrugSubstance DrugProduct GinsengRootPowder Antiseptic GeneralAnaesthetic Stimulant Micronutrient Adrenaline Barbiturate AntiEmetic ControlledSubstance Blocker Vitamin OverTheCounterDrug Purgative EffectiveDrugProduct Expectorant Sedative Analgesic Supplement AntimalarialDrug ContraceptiveDrug Anesthetic AntifungalDrug

DrugTherapy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugTherapy`
Description	'DrugTherapy' is a 'TherapeuticProcess' in which a patient ingests some drug substance, whether orally, by injection, by skin patch, smoking (e.g. nicotine or cannabinoids) etc. `The 'SubstanceType' ingested should be a subtype of 'DrugSubstance'. Taking aspirin or other non-prescription drugs would be a subtype. The act of one person administering a drug to another (in any form) is the subtype ''AdministeringaDrug''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'medication' and verb sense 2 of 'medicate' in WordNet: 2. medication - (the act of treating with medicines or remedies) WN verb 'medicate' 2. medicate, medicine - (treat medicinally, treat with medicine)`
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c AdministeringaSubstance^c Ingesting^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some (AnimalType^c or Animal^c) hadIngestedSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	AdministeringaDrug^c Chemotherapy^c PoisoningAnOrganism^c

DrugUser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrugUser`
Description	A ''DrugUser'' is a ''Person'' who ingests some amount of some kind of 'drug', usually an addictive substance', without a prescription and not for treatment of an ''AilmentCondition'.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drug user' in WordNet: 1. drug user, substance abuser, user - (a person who takes drugs)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DrugAbuse^c
Sub-classes	Pothead^c Addict^c

Drum-Container^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drum-Container

Description

A drum is a cylindrical container which can typically contain between 12 and 110 gallons of liquid or poourable solid Substance. They are oten metallic, but fiber drums are also instances of this type.

        Corresponds to noun senses 3  and 4 of 'drum' in WordNet:
        3. barrel, drum - (a bulging cylindrical shape; hollow with flat ends)
    4. drum, metal drum - (a cylindrical metal container used 
      for shipping or storage of liquids)

Super-classes CapsuleContainer^c

DrumInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrumInstrument`
Description	A specialization of #$PercussionInstrument. Each instance of this collection is a percussion instument in which a hollow tube has a membrane stretched over one or both ends. NOTE: a hollow log used as a 'drum' does not qualify. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drum' in WordNet, but includes drums such as tympani that have only one membrane: in WordNet: 1. (5) drum, membranophone, tympan - (a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end)`
Super-classes	PercussionInstrument^c
Sub-classes	Tambourine^c TomTom^c SnareDrum^c

DrumMajor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrumMajor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drum major' in WordNet: 1. (1) drum major - (the leader of a marching band or drum corps)`
Super-classes	Conductor^c MalePerson^c

DrumMajorette^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrumMajorette

Description

This is the leader of a marching band; the baton twirler who may also march with a band is represented by ''Majorette''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drum majorette' in WordNet:
          2. drum majorette, majorette - (a female drum major)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
Conductor^c

Drumhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drumhead`
Description	A ''Drumhead'' is a ''Membrane'' that forms the sound-emiting vibrating surface of a ''DrumInstrument'' that is struck to produce the drumming sound. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drumhead' in WordNet: 1. (1) drumhead, head - (a membrane that is stretched taut over a drum)`
Super-classes	Membrane^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Taut^c emits^op value DrummingSound^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value DrumInstrument^c

Drummer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drummer`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who play the drums for a living. This is broader than CYC, including any person playing a ''DrumInstrument'' with sufficient proficiency to be considered as 'music' on any specific occasion, especially as part of a musical group. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drummer' in WordNet: 1. (1) drummer - (someone who plays a drum)`
Super-classes	MusicalInstrumentPlayer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value PlayingaDrum^c hasCapability^op value PlayingaDrum^c

DrummingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DrummingSound

Description

A ''DrummingSound'' is a ''Sound'' consisting of more than two low-pitched short sounds characteristic of a drum being beaten.

      A sound Similar to RHW 'rub-a-dub'
         the sound of a drum when beaten.

      This is similar to the intransitive  component of the verb'drum' in WN,
        and similar to 'rub-a-dub' in RHW::            
     in WordNet:
       1. (1) drum, beat, thrum - (make a rhythmic sound; 
          'Rain drummed against the windshield'; 'The drums beat all night')

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Drumstick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drumstick`
Description	CYC: The collection of sticks (i.e., #$Shaft's) used for playing #$DrumInstrument's. `NOT the turkey leg! Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drumstick' in WordNet: 2. drumstick - (a stick used for playing a drum)`
Super-classes	Device-SingleUser^c Shaft^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredInstrumentForAction^op value PlayingaDrum^c
Sub-classes	PercussionMallet^c

Drunk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drunk`
Description	Having enough alcohol in the blood to show clear evidence of impairment. This ranges from 'slightly drunk' to 'blind drunk'; See the subtypes (''Tipsy' and ''Soused''). The term'drunken' is not in WN in this sense. RHW captures the intended sense of 'drunken': RHW 'drunken: 1. intoxicated; drunk. " What do you do with a drunken sailor? ... Shave his belly with a rusty razor. ... Put him in the hold with the Captain's daughter . . . Put him in the back of the paddy wagon . . . Throw him in the lock-up 'til he's sober . . . Earl-eye in the morning. " (old song) In Cyc this is actually 'a drunken animal' but the usage in COSMO differs - it is an attribute, and the term is used as an adjective. Cyc: An instance of #$AnimalTypeByMentalState and a specialization of #$Intoxicated. Each instance of #$Drunk is an #$Animal who has ingested enough #$EthylAlcohol to significantly alter its mental state and impair its motor skills. An important specialization is #$LegallyDrunk (q.v.). NOTE: 'wasted', 'bombed' and 'stinko' are colloquial terms used to characterize someone very drunk. None of these are in WordNet. Probably should be a subAttribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drunk' in WordNet; however, the COSMO term is more specific for alcohol; under the influence of other substances is 'Intoxicated'. in WordNet: 1. (9) intoxicated, drunk, inebriated - (stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol); 'a noisy crowd of intoxicated sailors'; 'helplessly inebriated')
Super-classes	Intoxicated^c
Sub-classes	Tipsy^c Soused^c

Drupe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drupe`
Description	A Drupe is a Fruit that has a single seed surrounded by a fleshy part. Examples are a peach, a cherry, or a plum. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drupe' in Wordnet: 1. drupe, stone fruit - (fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c
Sub-classes	Peach^c Cherry^c Plum^c

Dry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dry`
Description	Dry is an attribute of objects and substances that do not lose enough liquid by vaporization on standing in an open space so as to cause a significant change in their properties. This is an Attribute that can be used to reason about the likely stability of an Object or substance on standing in the open. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dry' in WordNet: 1. (20) dry - (free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet; 'dry land'; 'dry clothes'; 'a dry climate'; 'dry splintery boards'; 'a dry river bed'; 'the paint is dry')`
Super-classes	WetnessAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Sandy^c Granular^c

DryFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryFood`
Description	'DryFood' is a Food that has low moisture content, and therefore does not need refrigeration. Typically, it is a granular or powdered substance (condiments such as sugar, salt, pepper, and spices are included), but may consist of multiple larger pieces such as candies or cookies; it can be stored in a FoodTin. Freeze-dried FoodObjects in a sealed packet are not included, this is for solid food that can be poured or spooned. Multiple pieces of a dried food such as beef jerky would be a borderline included substance. `NOTE that this is not classified as 'SolidFood' because 'SolidFood' is a solid when eaten; a cereal may be semisolid when liquid is added.`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c Food^c
Sub-classes	Flour^c

DryIce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryIce`
Description	DryIce as a substance, the solid form of CarbonDioxide. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dry ice' in WordNet: 1. dry ice - (solidified carbon dioxide; dry ice sublimates at -78.5 C and is used mainly as a refrigerant)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value CarbonDioxide^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cryogenic^c

DryLand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryLand`
Description	DryLand is a LandArea that is not covered with water other than for temporary time periods after a rain or flood. A swamp may be dry at some points,but is not usually considered 'dry land'.
Super-classes	LandArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dry^c
Sub-classes	ArableLand^c

DryObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryObject`
Description	A DryObject is a SolidObject that does not have a significant content of a liquid that may volatilize so as to significantly change the weight (by more than 10%) or rigidity or functionality after standing in an open space for some time. The category is determined by the moisture content considered as such at the time it was created. RigidObjects that have some surface mosture are still DryObjects. This type is created to allow a reasoner to infer some commonsense information about the consequences of aging of an object. The disjoint alternative is 'MoistObject', which includes objects such as animals and some foods, which change substantially when left in a place where the water content can evaporate without replacement. NOTE that this type applies to types that were dry when they were created: an Organism is a MoiopstObject, but when it reaches the stage where it is a dry skeleton, it becomes a physically dry object, but is still an instance of MoistObject. This type represents a property that is relevant to stability, not necessarily representing the physical character throughout a lifetime.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dry^c
Sub-classes	Milestone^c CarHood^c Pelt^c Bar-Object^c Armor^c Fender^c RigidObject^c

Dryer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dryer`
Description	The ''ElectricalHouseholdAppliance'' used for drying clothes (especially those that have just been washed). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drier' in WordNet: 2. dryer, drier - (an appliance that removes moisture)`
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c DurableGood^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Drying^c
Sub-classes	ClothesDryer^c

Drygoods^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drygoods`
Description	One ''PieceOfCloth'' that is a ''ManufacturedGoods''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drygoods' in WordNet: 1. (3) drygoods, soft goods - (textiles or clothing and related merchandise)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c PieceOfCloth^c
Sub-classes	HouseholdLinen^c

Drying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Drying`
Description	CYC: A collection of events in which involves a reduction in the moistness (Water content) of something - either its water content or its surface wetness - by evaporation, absorption (e.g. with towels), or some other process. Typical objects of a #$Drying event include instances of: paint, food, dishes, clothes, humans. The event of a clothes dryer running is a #$Drying. This includes transitive and intransitive senses, which are separate inWN and should be distinguished.. NOTE: the similar SUMO element is not specific for Water,whereas this COSMO type is. For removing other tpes of liquid,use parent ''RemovingaFluid''. SUMO: The Class of Processes where a Liquid is removed from an Object. Includes both transitive and intransitive senses of 'dry' in WordNet: 1. (12) dry, dry out - (remove the moisture from and make dry; 'dry clothes'; 'dry hair') 2. (11) dry, dry out - (become dry or drier; 'The laundry dries in the sun')
Super-classes	RemovingaFluid^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Dehumidifying^c DryingClothes^c BlowDrying^c DryingByWiping^c BlottingDry^c DryingInTheSun^c

DryingByWiping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryingByWiping`
Description	''DryingByWiping'' is the Action of wiping an Object with a cloth or towel in order to remove liquid (usually water) from the surface. `Includes both transitive and intransitive senses of 'dry' in WordNet: 1. (12) dry, dry out - (remove the moisture from and make dry; 'dry clothes'; 'dry hair')`
Super-classes	Wiping^c Drying^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Absorption^c mayUseInstrument^op value Towel^c usesInstrument^op value AbsorbentObject^c
Sub-classes	DryingDishesWithaTowel^c

DryingClothes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryingClothes`
Description	''DryingClothes'' is the Action of subjecting wet or moist clothing (a ''WetFabricObject'') to a process that removes the moisture and makes the clothing more fit to wear (perhaps after pressing).
Super-classes	Drying^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value Dryer^c mayUseInstrument^op value Clothesline^c hadChangedEntity^op value WetFabricObject^c hadReducedEntity^op value Wetness^c
Sub-classes	TumbleDrying^c

DryingDishesWithaTowel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryingDishesWithaTowel`
Description	''DryingDishesWithaTowel'' is a ''DryingByWiping'' is the Action of wiping dishes and eating utensils with a ''Dishtowel'' to dry them prior to storage.
Super-classes	DryingByWiping^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Tableware^c usesInstrument^op value DishTowel^c

DryingInTheSun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryingInTheSun`
Description	''DryingInTheSun'' is the Action of placing a moist object outdoors where it will be exposed to sunlight for the purpose of drying the most object.
Super-classes	ExposingToTheSun^c Drying^c
Sub-classes	Parching^c

DryingOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DryingOil`
Description	`WordNet: sense 1 of 'drying oil': in WordNet: 1. drying oil - (an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base)`
Super-classes	Oil^c
Sub-classes	SoybeanOil^c LinseedOil^c

DualFinalScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DualFinalScore`
Description	A ''DualFinalScore'' is a ''BothScores'' that is a ''FinalScore' >
Super-classes	FinalScore^c BothScores^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some WinningScore^c hasSecondElement^op some LosingScore^c
Sub-classes	ShutoutScore^c

DualObjectEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DualObjectEvent`
Description	Called 'DualObjectProcess' in SUMO. NOTE: This type is broader than the SUMO concet that is restricted to Objects. The two 'objects' (or substances or services) in this type are the dual 'grammatical patients' of an Event, usually inanimate, but possibly animate (as when one person substitutes for another). The two (grammatical) patients of the Event can be Objects, substances, or services (in an exchange of goods for services, in a ''Transaction'' subtype) NOTE: that this is called a ''DualObjectEvent'' to refer to the SUMO entity, but the things in the Pair involved need not be formal 'Object's, they can be Actions or substances. See ''Transaction''. NOTE that the two patients are represented by an ''OrderedPair'', which is ordered to allow for representing the two things involved that may have different Roles from different perspectives. For example, in a trading ''Transaction'' the things traded have different roles from the perspective of the two gents doing the trading (thing given versus thing received), even though they may be of the same type and otherwise not easily distinguishable. For subtypes the thing given should be the first element of the OrderedPair involved. For Actions with two or more agents, see 'MultiAgentAction'. The more general COSMO type ''Interacting'' does not require that the patients be Objects (e,g, ''Reflecting'' is an ''Interacting'' with only one Object, and a wave as the other 'patient'. SUMO: Any Process that requires two, nonidentical patients. The patients must be objects. NOTE that more than two Objects may be involved in such an Event, but the salient Objects will be the two described as characterizing the Event. ***** (subclass DualObjectProcess Process) (documentation DualObjectProcess Any Process that requires two, nonidentical patients.) (=> (instance ?PROCESS DualObjectProcess) (exists (?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) (and (patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ1) (patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ2) (not (equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))))) *** NOTE: the restriction requires that the participating pair of 'patients' be explicitly mentioned (as an OrderedPair) for each instance of this type.
Super-classes	Interacting^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some OrderedPair^c
Sub-classes	Comparing^c Exchange^c BeingSupported^c SupportingSomething^c

DualScoreEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DualScoreEvent`
Description	A ''DualScoreEvent'' is a ''SportsEvent'' between two contestant ''SportsTeam''s, each of which has some 'score' at the end of the contest, each score being one component of a ''GameScore''.
Super-classes	SportsCompetition^c SportsEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op exactly 2 hasResult^op some IndividualScore^c
Sub-classes	Shutout^c

DubbingaMovie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DubbingaMovie`
Description	''DubbingaMovie'' is a ''IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate'' in which a ''SoundTrack'' is added to some part (or all) of the video portion. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dub' in WordNet: 2. (1) dub - (provide (movies) with a soundtrack of a foreign language)`
Super-classes	CreatingaConceptualWork^c IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some Movie^c isaSubEventOf^op value CreatingaConceptualWork^c hadAddedObject^op value SoundTrack^c

Duchess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duchess

Description

CYC: The collection of all duchesses, or female persons who hold hereditary ducal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy). This excludes a Grand Duchess. See also #$Duke.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duchess' in WordNet:
          1. duchess - (the wife of a duke or a woman holding ducal title in her own right)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
FemalePerson^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c

Duck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duck`
Description	SUMO: A subclass of Bird with webbed feet and a large bill. Some ducks live in the wild, and some are raised for meat and/or eggs. The quacking sound of a duck is distinctive and easily recognized. `Though some Ducks are domestic (in COSMO ''Fowl'' is domestiated), not all are and Ducks are not specified as either domesticated or wild. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duck' in WordNet: 1. (4) duck - (small wild or domesticated web-footed broad-billed swimming bird usually having a depressed body and short legs)`
Super-classes	AnseriformBird^c
Sub-classes	Duckling^c MallardDuck^c

DuckWalking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DuckWalking

Description

''DuckWalking'' is the act of walking like a duck, waddling left and right, potentially indicating a problem in the hips or knees. One variety is called the 'Trendellenberg gait'.

       RHW 'duck-walk':
          to walk like a duck, as with legs apart and feet turned outward.

Super-classes Waddle^c
HumanWalkingProcess^c

Duckling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duckling`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'duckling' in Wordnet: 2. duckling - (young duck)`
Super-classes	Duck^c

Duct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duct`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duct' in WordNet: 1. (2) duct, epithelial duct, canal, channel - (a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance; 'the tear duct was obstructed'; 'the alimentary canal'; 'poison is released through a channel in the snake's fangs')`
Super-classes	AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	TearDuct^c Vagina^c Ureter^c VasDeferens^c LymphVessel^c Urethra^c

DuctTape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DuctTape`
Description	An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$DuctTape is a length of strong, fabric-based #$AdhesiveTape, usually silver in color and about two inches wide. Its primary function (cf. #$typePrimaryFunction) is to be used for sealing #$FluidConduits, but consumers have found many other uses for it, such as #$SimpleRepairing and #$ConnectingTogether. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duct tape' in WordNet: 1. duct tape - (a wide silvery adhesive tape intended to seal joints in sheet metal duct work but having many other uses; 'duct tape holds the world together')`
Super-classes	AdhesiveTape^c Tape^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Waterproof^c

Ductile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ductile

Description

''Ductile''is a subAttribute of ''Malleable''
for solid objects or solid substances that can be drawn out into a wire.

        Corresponds to part (malleable is a parent type) of adjective sense 2 of
                'ductile' in Wordnet:
          2. ductile, malleable, pliable, pliant, tensile, tractile -
             (capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out; 'ductile copper'; 
             'malleable metals such as gold'; 'they soaked the leather 
             to made it pliable'; 'pliant molten glass'; 'made of highly tensile steel alloy')

Super-classes Malleable^c

Ductility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ductility`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Ductility is a specific capacity of a physical material to be stretched, drawn, or hammered thin without breaking. Different degrees of ductility may be represented using a #$GenericValueFunction. Ductilities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$ductilityOfObject. From Wikipedia: In materials science, ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar property, is a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ductility' in WordNet: 1. ductility, ductileness - (the malleability of something that can be drawn into threads or wires or hammered into thin sheets)
Super-classes	Malleability^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Ductile^c isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo^op value ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c takesValue^op some DuctilityMeasure^c

DuctilityMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DuctilityMeasure`
Description	A ''DuctilityMeasure'' is a quantitative measure of a material's ability to deform under stress of compression or extension. One Example: (from https://pmpaspeakingofprecision.com/tag/how-ductility-is-measured/) Ductility- As Measured By Tensile Testing December 11, 2014 The ability of a material to deform plastically without fracturing, is called ductility. In the materials usually machined in our shops, ductility is measured by determining the percent of elongation and the percent reduction of area on a specimen during a tensile test. Our earlier post about Ductility showed how ductility can impact our shops. In this post, we will describe how we can measure ductility and use it to predict behavior based on values reported on certs and test reports. The percent elongation and percent reduction of area values shown on our test reports and material certifications from our material suppliers indicate the ductility of the material tested. In the tensile test, a cylindrical specimen is gripped securely and subjected to a uniaxial load and elongated until it breaks. At the end of the test, the pieces of the fractured specimen are fitted back together again and the change of length between the two gage marks put on the specimen before testing is determined. The change is then expressed as a percentage of the original gage length. The percent reduction of area is determined by measuring the minimum diameter of the broken test specimen after the two pieces are fitted together and the difference is expressed as a percentage of the original cross sectional area prior to the test. The differences in measurements after tensile test are used to calculate the % elongation and % reduction of area A minimum of 12% elongation is recommended for consistent, trouble free thread rolling applications. Rolled threads are stronger, so having the ductility to thread roll is important. However, too much ductility makes it difficult to get the chip to separate by cutting.
Super-classes	Quantifier^c MeasurableQuantity^c
Restrictions	isaValueOf^op value Ductility^c

Dude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dude`
Description	Informal terms of address (''FormOfAddress'' is a ''Word'') for a ''Man''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dude' in WordNet: 1. fellow, dude, buster - (an informal form of address for a man; 'Say, fellow, what are you doing?'; 'Hey buster, what's up?')`
Super-classes	Man^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informal^c

Due^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Due

Description

''Due'' is the attribute of something that is ''Expected'' in the near future/

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'due' in WordNet:
      2. (1) due - (scheduled to arrive; 'the train is due in 15 minutes')

Super-classes Expected^c

Duel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duel`
Description	This sense of 'duel' is the broad sense of a competition between two people; a on-on-one competition. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'duel' in WordNet: 2. (1) duel - (any struggle between two skillful opponents (individuals or groups))`
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value PairOfAgents^c

Dues^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dues

Description

''Dues'' is the amount required per unit time to access some service such as membership, whether in an Organization or as a recipient of some privelege such as a discount on goods or services.

     NOTE: usually used in the plural:  'dues'.
     RHW 'due':
      9. Usually, dues. a regular fee or charge payable at specific intervals,
         esp. to a group or organization: membership dues.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'due' in WordNet:
        2. due - (a payment that is due (e.g., as the price of membership); 
           'the society dropped him for non-payment of dues')

Super-classes Fee^c
PeriodicCharge^c

Dug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dug`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dug' in WordNet: 1. dug - (an udder or breast or teat)`
Super-classes	MammaryGland^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FemaleMammal^c
Sub-classes	Udder^c Breast^c Teat^c

Duke^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duke

Description

CYC: The collection of all dukes, or male persons who hold hereditary ducal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This excludes a #$GrandDuke-HeadOfState. See also #$Duchess.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duke' in WordNet:
          1. (1) duke - (a British peer of the highest rank)
          2. duke - (a nobleman (in various countries) of high rank)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c
MalePerson^c

Dull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dull`
Description	An attribute of events or texts (abstract or physical) that signify that the person experiencing the Event was not stimulated, possibly even bored. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dull' in WordNet: 1. (5) dull - (lacking in liveliness or animation; 'he was so dull at parties'; 'a dull political campaign'; 'a large dull impassive man'; 'dull days with nothing to do'; 'how dull and dreary the world is'; 'fell back into one of her dull moods') WN adj 'dry': 9. dry, juiceless - (lacking interest or stimulation; dull and lifeless; 'a dry book'; 'a dry lecture filled with trivial details'; 'dull and juiceless as only book knowledge can be when it is unrelated to...life'- John Mason Brown)
Super-classes	Uninteresting^c EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Unfunny^c Boring^c Corny^c Unexciting^c

DullEdged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DullEdged

Description

'DullEdged' is an attribute of a cutting instrument that is not as sharp (COSMO 'Keen') as it can and should be.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 9 of 'dull' in WordNet:
      9. dull - (not having a sharp edge or point; 'the knife was too dull to be of any use')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Duly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duly

Description

''Duly'' is a subtype of ''Properly'', an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action that is done and signals that the Event being described was performed at the time required or expected.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'duly' in WordNet:
         1. (8) punctually, duly - (at the proper time; "she was duly apprised of the raise")

Super-classes Properly^c

Dumbbell-Weight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dumbbell-Weight`
Description	This is the collection of dumbbells, solid metal exercise weights with the weight ends and bar merged into a single piece. `NOTE: the end pieces are not necessarily spheres, as in the WN gloss; they can be hexahedral or octahedral or of any other shape, but they have to be at least twice the width of the bar segment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dumbbell' in WordNet: 1. (4) dumbbell - (an exercising weight; two spheres connected by a short bar that serves as a handle)`
Super-classes	FreeWeight^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WeightLifting^c

Dumbfounded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dumbfounded

Description

A stronger state than ''Surprised'' or ''Shocked-Surprised''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dumbfounded' in Wordnet:
         1. dumbfounded, dumfounded, flabbergasted, stupefied, thunderstruck, 
           dumbstruck, dumbstricken - (as if struck dumb with astonishment and surprise;
           'a circle of policement stood dumbfounded by her denial of having seen the accident'; 
           'the flabbergasted aldermen were speechless'; 'was thunderstruck by the news of his promotion')

Super-classes Shocked-Surprised^c
PastParticiple^c

DumpingGarbage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DumpingGarbage`
Description	''DumpingGarbage'' is a 'Discarding' in which some unwanted materials of no or little value are placed in a location usually far from a residence, where it is not expected to be retrieved or reused. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dump' in WordNet: 1. (12) dump - (throw away as refuse; 'No dumping in these woods!')`
Super-classes	Discarding^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Garbage-Generic^c

Dumpling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dumpling`
Description	This is the dessert object 'dumpling', not the ball of dough. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dumpling' in Wordnet: 2. dumpling - (dessert made by baking fruit wrapped in pastry)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c BakedFoodObject^c DessertFood^c
Sub-classes	Pierogi^c

Dung^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dung`
Description	''Dung'' the ''Feces'' of ''NonHumanAnimal''s, especially ''FarmAnimal''s; for other ''NonHumanAnimal''s, the terms 'poop' or 'droppings' are commonly used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dung' in WordNet: 1. (2) droppings, dung, muck - (fecal matter of animals)`
Super-classes	Feces^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value NonHumanAnimal^c

Duodenum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duodenum`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Duodenums. Each instance of this collection is the proximal section of a #$SmallIntestine, extending from the #$PyloricValve to the #$Jejunum. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duodenum' in WordNet: 1. duodenum - (the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum)`
Super-classes	AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value AlimentaryCanal^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value SmallIntestine^c

DuplexApartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DuplexApartment`
Description	A ''DuplexApartment''' is an ''Apartment'' that is a two-story residence that is one of the two parts of a ''DuplexBuilding'', separated by a common wall. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duplex apartment' in WordNet: 1. duplex apartment, duplex - (an apartment having rooms von two floors that are connected by a staircase)`
Super-classes	SingleResidenceUnit^c MultiRoomUnit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value DuplexBuilding^c

DuplexBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DuplexBuilding`
Description	A ''DuplexBuilding'' is a ''ResidentialBuilding'' that contains two ''DuplexApartment''s separated by a vertical wall from roof to basement. `In CYC 'Duplex'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duplex house' in WordNet: 1. duplex house, duplex, semidetached house - (a house with two units sharing a common wall)`
Super-classes	ResidentialBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op max 2

Duplicate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duplicate`
Description	A ''Duplicate'' is a 'Copy' (an Object, Physical or Abstract) that is almot identical to the Original. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duplicate' in WordNet: 2. duplicate, duplication - (a copy that corresponds to an original exactly; 'he made a duplicate for the files')`
Super-classes	Copy^c Object^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value MakingaCopy^c
Sub-classes	BackupCopy^c ImageCopy^c

Duplicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Duplicating`
Description	Each ''Duplicating'' is an Event in which some ''Duplicate'' is created. This is a more precise 'copying' than ''MakingaCopy'', produceing a very closely similar ''Duplicate''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'duplicate' in WordNet: 3. duplicate - (make a duplicate or duplicates of; 'Could you please duplicate this letter for me?') WN noun 'duplication': 2. (1) duplication, gemination - (the act of copying or making a duplicate (or duplicates) of something; 'this kind of duplication is wasteful')`
Super-classes	MakingaCopy^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Duplicate^c
Sub-classes	Telefaxing^c

Durability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Durability`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'durability' in WordNet: 1. (1) lastingness, durability, enduringness, strength - (permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force; 'they advertised the durability of their products')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Durable^c

Durable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Durable`
Description	''Durable'' is an attribute that specifies that some ArtifactObject can last (serve its purpose) longer than other artifacts of the same type (intended purpose). This attribute is relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. `Includes but is not limited to adjective sense 2 of 'durable' in WordNet: 2. durable, long-wearing - (serviceable for a long time; 'durable denim jeans')`
Super-classes	LongLasting^c Resistant^c
Sub-classes	Heavy-Duty^c Tough^c

DurableArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DurableArtifact`
Description	In Cyc, 'DurableGood. We interpret the instances of this class as physical objects; this is not the collective class of goods. Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing (in COSMO, SolidObject). Each instance of #$DurableGood is a solid thing that an agent can use (for some purpose or other) for a number of years. Notable specializations of #$DurableGood include #$Clothing-Generic, #$Ship, #$Roadway, and #$Building. `COSMO note of caution: 'Nest' is a subtype, so the 'number of years' should be interpreted as a possibility, not a universal attribute of instances.`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c
Sub-classes	Crate^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c ConstructionArtifact^c

DurableGood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DurableGood`
Description	A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$DurableGood is a solid thing that an agent can use (for some purpose or other) for a number of years. Notable specializations of #$DurableGood include #$Clothing-Generic, #$Ship, #$Roadway, and #$Building.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Durable^c
Sub-classes	Model-Artifact^c CeramicArtifact^c PublicTransportationDevice^c Token-Physical^c WarmClothingItem^c OutdoorClothing^c PotteryObject^c Harness^c WashingMachine^c FurniturePiece^c MusicEquipment^c ShowerCurtainRing^c WristWatch^c Transparency^c Tape^c StableGear^c HosieryItem^c Blueprint^c Yoke^c Pincushion^c Briefs^c Sweater^c Loincloth^c Train-TransportationDevice^c SkirtBottom^c HouseholdAttachment^c Goggles^c Clothing^c Dishwasher^c OuterGarment^c PadOfPaper^c FloorCovering^c Wig^c Gun^c LandVehiclePathSystem^c Skirt^c WaterSki^c Sculpture^c Photograph^c Typewriter^c Shredder^c Backpack^c Pad^c Dehumidifier^c Pipe^c Jewelry^c RealEstate^c ScouringPad^c Envelope^c LongSkirtBottom^c Tool^c Cushion^c Jumper^c Chain^c UsedArtifact^c Dryer^c Saddle^c DurableArtifact^c Platform-Military^c FormalWear^c TableCovering^c Bedcloth^c CommunicationDevice^c SwimWear^c Appliance^c WritingSurfaceProduct^c Lingerie^c ArrowHead^c Vest^c WeaponSystem^c InfrastructureProduct^c Eyewear^c Headset^c Snorkel^c RefrigeratedStorageDevice^c

Dusk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dusk`
Description	''Dusk'' is the daily recurring ''TimeInterval'' between the setting of the sun and night time, when no evidence of remaining sunlight can be seen on the horizon. NOTE: in CYC (and RHW) 'Twilight' can be either morning or evening. This type is (as in WN) only for the Evening ''Twilight''. RHW 'twilight': 1. the soft, diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon, either from daybreak to sunrise or, more commonly, from sunset to nightfall. 2. the period in the morning or, more commonly, in the evening during which this light prevails. CYC: A specialization of #$QualitativeTimeOfDay. #$Twilight is union of the two collections of events, #$Dawn and #$Dusk. Each #$Twilight is an event during which the sky is indirectly illuminated by the #$Sun, either just before an instance of #$Sunrise or just after an instance of #$Sunset. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dusk' in WordNet: 1. (5) twilight, dusk, gloaming, gloam, nightfall, evenfall, fall, crepuscule, crepuscle - (the time of day immediately following sunset; 'he loved the twilight'; 'they finished before the fall of night')
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf some Evening^c isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunsetAndNightTime^c

Dust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dust`
Description	A finely divided solid substance consisting of DustParticles that are suspended in or settle out of the atmosphere. The composition can vary widely; many solid substances can occur in the form of 'Dust' in the air in some outdoor or indoor setting. `If an Object has 'Dust' settled on it, it is 'Dusty'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dust' in WordNet: 1. (42) dust - (fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air; 'the furniture was covered with dust')`
Super-classes	Mixture^c ParticulateMatter^c
Sub-classes	SoilDust^c

DustCloud^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DustCloud

Description

Dust Clouds occur when moving air blows dirt into the air. Usually their bottoms are on the ground. They often occur during dust storms, sandstorms, tornados. The dirt particles suspended will separate out once the air stands still for a time. Their transparency is dependent on whether one is experiencing such a cloud (#$AmbientConditionsMt), or describing one in the abstract (#$WeatherProcessMt).

        Sense 1 of 'dust cloud' in WordNet:
        1. (2) dust cloud - (a cloud of dust suspended in the air)

Super-classes OpaqueObject^c
CloudlikeObject^c

DustCoating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DustCoating`
Description	A 'Coating' of ''Dust''.
Super-classes	Coating^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Dust^c

DustDevil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DustDevil`
Description	CYC: The collection of small whirlwinds that contain dust or sand. Elements are not as strong as elements of #$Cyclone. `COSMO note: this is an Object, not a substance or Event. This is represented as the Dust within a ''Whirlwind''. Noun sense 1 of 'dust devil' in WordNet: 1. dust devil - (a miniature whirlwind strong enough to whip dust and leaves and litter into the air)`
Super-classes	DynamicObject^c InanimateObject-Natural^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Dust^c isMovedInEvent^op value Whirlwind^c

DustPan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DustPan`
Description	A shallow OpenTopContainer with a handle and, on the end opposite the handle, no lip - so that dust and debris can be swept into it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dustpan' in Wordnet: 2. dustpan - (a short-handled receptacle into which dust can be swept)`
Super-classes	OpenTopContainer^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SweepingIntoaContainer^c

DustParticle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DustParticle

Description

COSMO note: as a ''FineParticle'', it must be less than 1 mm in diameter, and usually is much smaller. But not everything that small is dust.

    Cyc: The particles which settle on furniture and need
        to be dusted away, or are blown around in dust storms.

      In Wordnet, only a plural sense is present this would occur only in
        phrases such as 'dust particle':
      in WordNet:
        3. dust - (free microscopic particles of solid material;
        'astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains
         measurable amounts of dust')

Super-classes FineParticle^c

Dusty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dusty

Description

An attribute of objects that have dust settled on the surface, usually or mostly on the top surface. The 'dust' can be any finely powdered SolidSubstance, not just routine household dust. Thus fine sawdust or fine marble from a manufacturing operation may settle as dust on nearby surfaces.

      A  'Dusty' object can usually be cleaned by simple dry wiping.  An Object that is not
      'Dusty' is not necessarily 'Clean' - it can be soiled by other types of substance.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dusty' in WordNet:
        1. (10) dusty, dust-covered - (covered with a layer of dust; 'a dusty pile of books')

Super-classes Dirty^c

Dutiful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dutiful

Description

''Dutiful'' is a subattribute of ''Obedient'' characterizing a person who obeys out of a 'sense of duty' (believes it is an ''Obligation''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dutiful' in Wordnet:
          1. dutiful, duteous - (willingly obedient out of a sense of duty and respect; 
             'a dutiful child'; 'a dutiful citizen'; 'Patient Griselda was a chaste 
               and duteous wife')

Super-classes Obedient^c

Dutifully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dutifully

Description

''Dutifully'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the Action characterized was performed in a ''Dutiful''manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dutiful' in WordNet:
         1. dutifully - (out of a sense of duty; in a dutiful manner; 
            'he dutifully visited his mother every Sunday')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Dwarf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dwarf`
Description	'A ''Dwarf'' is a ''SmallPerson'' that is much smaller than a a Person of the same age, and when adult typically has height less than for feet. `Being a ''Dwarf'' is usually due to a physiological abnormality called 'dwarfism'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dwarf' in WordNet: 1. (1) dwarf, midget, nanus - (a person who is markedly small)`
Super-classes	SmallPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

DwellingSomewhere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DwellingSomewhere`
Description	'DwellingSomewhere' is the PersistentState an Animal, Group of Animals, species, or other animate thing that stays overnight at some location for at least one night, and perhaps for a lifetime. This is a general type meaning 'to live' in the sense of staying for some time, and includes overnight hotel stops, short vacation stops, campig out, visits to other people, or (for groups) typical locations where an animal or species might live. More specific types for people, such as having a residence, are represented as subtypes - see, e.g. 'Residing'. `The location can be very specific, such as a nest on a building ledge, or more general, such as in a continent or type of biome. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dwell' and sense 1 of 'live' and sense 1 of 'inhabit'in WordNet: WN verb 'reside': 3. (3) dwell, live, inhabit - (inhabit or live in; 'People lived in Africa millions of years ago'; 'The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted'; 'this kind of fish dwells near the bottom of the ocean')`
Super-classes	Living^c
Sub-classes	LivingInTrees^c Nesting^c InhabitingTheLand^c

Dwindling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dwindling`
Description	Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dwindling' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dwindling, tapering, tapering off - (gradually decreasing until little remains)
Super-classes	Decreasing^c

DwindlingEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DwindlingEvent

Description

A ''DwindlingEvent'' is an Event in which something (objects or attributes) measurable quantitatively decreases gradually, after an initial decrease and approaching a point where none of the original thing is left. This is used specially for things like 'savings' that form a supply of something that can be drawn down and be used up.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dwindle' in WordNet:
          1. (9) dwindle, dwindle away, dwindle down - (become smaller or lose substance; 
              'Her savings dwindled down')

Super-classes DiminishingEvent^c

Dye^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dye`
Description	A ''Dye'' is a ''ColoringMaterial'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that is used to make something appear with a specific color, whether only on the surface (as with ''Paint'') or throughout the body of the object or material, such as dyes (e.g. those used in foods and beverages and confections). `CYC: The collection of all dye stuff that is used to color materials during a #$Dyeing event Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dye' in WordNet: 1. dye, dyestuff - (a usually soluble substance for staining or coloring e.g. fabrics or hair)`
Super-classes	ColoringMaterial^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Coloring^c
Sub-classes	HairColoring^c

Dyeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dyeing`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which some tangible thing is dyed or stained by an agent or device. `COSMO note: this is for intentional 'dyeing' - not staining by accident. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dye' in WordNet: 1. (1) dye - (color with dye; 'Please dye these shoes') WN noun 'dyeing': 1. (1) dyeing - (the use of dye to change the color of something permanently)`
Super-classes	Coloring^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Dye^c

DyingOfBLO^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DyingOfBLO

Description

The Cyc term equivalent to COSMO 'Death'. Included here for compatibility with OpenCyc.

     For the 'dying' process that preecedes Death, see 'DyingProcess'.

Super-classes Synonym^c

DyingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DyingProcess`
Description	This is the process of an organism 'dying' that ends in Death. It can be used to assert, for example, that 'J is dying of cancer'. If a seemingly morbid process does not result in Death, it is not a 'DyingProcess'. If a 'DyingProcess' is represented, then the event 'Death' must also be represented, and linked by 'hasResult'. The corresponding 'death' may be of much shorter duration than the 'Dying{peocess', but must include a final period when the organism is dead. NOTE that at all times during a 'DyingProcess' the organism is still alive, but immediately after the end of the process, the organism is dead. This corresponds roughly with FrameNet frame 'Dying': A Protagonist is near or approaching death. But a dying patient is still a living patient. NOTE that the WordNet 'die' and 'death' include the end of life, so sre treated as Events, and there is no corresponding WordNet synset.
Super-classes	PhysicalProcess^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingEvent^op value Death^c hasResult^op some Death^c

Dyke^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dyke

Description

These terms for lesbian women are sometimes considered offensive, but not by all lesbians, e.g. the biker group 'Dykes on Bikes'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dyke' in WordNet:
         1. butch, dike, dyke - (offensive terms for a lesbian who is noticeably masculine)

Super-classes Lesbian^c

Dynamic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dynamic

Description

'''Dynamic'' is an attribute that is somewhat vague, but suggests but highly active and effectively forceful. Thus,NOT passive nor ineffective.

     RHW: 1. pertaining to or characterized by energy or effective action;
       vigorously active or forceful; energetic: the dynamic president of the firm..

@mod45 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dynamic' in WordNet: 1. (3) dynamic, dynamical - (characterized by action or forcefulness or force of personality; 'a dynamic market'; 'a dynamic speaker'; 'the dynamic president of the firm')

Super-classes Forceful^c
Active^c

DynamicEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DynamicEnergy`
Description	Energy available from a moving object(s) that can do work in some form. The energy of a rotating flywheel which can be extracted via electricity generation is one example..
Super-classes	Energy^c

DynamicObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DynamicObject`
Description	A 'DynamicObject' is a PhysicalObject for which the internal movement of the whole or some part is an essential characteristic and inseparable part of its identity. A prototypical 'DynamicObject' would be a 'HurricaneAsObject'. For each 'DynamicObject' there is a corresponding associated Event that is related to the object by the 'produces' relation such that the corresponding Event 'produces' the 'DynamicObject'. Other examples would be a tornado, a whirlpool, or a dust. This does not include microscopic movements such as biological processes, therefore living things are not instances. Other subtypes of ''DynamicObject'' would be streams of fluid such as jets of gas. See ''JetOfFluid'' A borderline included subtype is 'WaterWave'; motion is part of its identity. This type was added primarily for storms and other inseparable event/object pairs, but other objects in motion have analogous character. For example a simple necessarily linear moving thing like a current is not currently a 'DynamicObject', but is (as of rev1107) represented as FunctionalProcesses, even though it has some of the character of a DynamicObject. A current of water is not (as of rev1107) an instance of 'DynamicObject', but might be thus classified. This distinction is not entirely arbitrary; a linear current has a flow rate as one of its salient characteristics, and that is represented as a time derivative, which is one salient characteristic of a FunctionalProcess. NOTE: @ToDo However, characterizing the flowing water that is part of a Stream as a 'DynamicObject' could clarify the relation of the stream and its river bed and water. A DynamicObject should exhibit salient characteristics beyond a simple linear flow, as in the case of a tornado which moves up, down, and sideways as well as in a circle. Another object that might be classified as a 'DynamicObject' would be a 'StarSystem' such as the 'SolarSystem', in which the motion of a planet around a star is its essential characteristic. As of rev1107 the implications have not been adequately considered, and this is left for a later revision.
Super-classes	InanimateObject-Natural^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Ripple^c DustDevil^c JetOfFluid^c TornadoAsObject^c WaterWave^c FlameObject^c FlowingWater^c Whirlpool^c

Dynamics^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dynamics

Description

''Dynamics'' is the branch of ''Mechanics''

      concerned with
      the motion of PhysicalObjects under arious forces.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dynamics' in WordNet:
          1. (1) dynamics, kinetics - (the branch of mechanics concerned 
          with the forces that cause motions of bodies)

Super-classes Mechanics^c

Dynamite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dynamite`
Description	An explosive substance used commonly in civilian excavation and construction applications, consisting of nitroglycerine and some solid Absorbent such as sawdust or diatomaceous earth. This is for the original meaning pd 'dynamite', not the more recentone indicated in the RHW gloss (ammonium nitrate is not a 'high explosive'). `RHW: a high explosive, originally consisting of nitroglycerin mixed with an absorbent substance, now with ammonium nitrate usually replacing the nitroglycerin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dynamite' in Wordnet: 1. (1) dynamite - (an explosive containing nitrate sensitized with nitroglycerin absorbed on wood pulp)`
Super-classes	ExplosiveSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Nitroglycerine^c

Dynasty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dynasty`
Description	A ''Dynasty'' is a subgroup of a 'FamilyLine'' (a ''KinshipGroup''), each of which is a descendent of another in the ''Dynasty'' and each of which is a ''Leader'' of some group. This is usually used for Leaders of nations, but can be other types of prminent leaders. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dynasty' in WordNet: 1. (1) dynasty - (a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family)`
Super-classes	FamilyLine^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Leader^c

Dysfunctional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dysfunctional`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dysfunctional' in Wordnet: 1. dysfunctional - (impaired in function; especially of a bodily system or organ)`
Super-classes	Abnormal^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState^op value DysfunctionalCondition^c

DysfunctionalCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DysfunctionalCondition`
Description	This is the collection of #$SystemConditions which are dysfunctional for the system they affect. An dysfunctional condition is one which impairs the functioning of the system. For example, the function of an artery is to allow blood to flow to a part of the body, so that a blockage of the artery will constitute an abnormal condition of the artery to the extent that it reduces the flow of blood to that part of the body. `The subtypes are ''Malfunctioning' - functioning, but not as well as usual or expected or designed Inoperability - total lack of function for the Device or Organ or part that is ''Inoperable''.`
Super-classes	AbnormalCondition^c
Sub-classes	Inoperability^c BodyPartDysfunction^c Malfunctioning^c BeingCrossEyed^c AbnormalBodyCondition^c Blockage^c

Dyslectic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dyslectic

Description

A ''Dyslectic'' is a Person who suffers from ''Dyslexia''.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dyslectic' in WordNet:
       1. dyslectic - (a person who has dyslexia)

Super-classes HumanRole^c

Dyslexia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dyslexia`
Description	Any ailment in which a Person has dificulty reading due to a faulty processing of visual images of written material. `CYC: #$Dyslexia is the collection of instances of #$PhysiologicalCondition which adversely affect a person's ability to read. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dyslexia' in WordNet: 1. dyslexia - (impaired ability to learn to read)`
Super-classes	Disability^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c agentHasAttribute^op value Dyslexic^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Dyslexic^c hinders^op value Reading^c

Dyslexic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dyslexic

Description

''Dyslexic'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who suffers from ''Dyslexia'', leading to diffculty reading and consequent difficulty in learning.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dyslexic' in Wordnet:
        2. dyslectic, dyslexic - (having impaired ability 
          to comprehend written words usually associated with a neurologic disorder)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Dysphemism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dysphemism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dysphemism' in WordNet: 1. dysphemism - (an offensive or disparaging expression that is substituted for an inoffensive one; "his favorite dysphemism was to ask for axle grease when he wanted butter")`
Super-classes	Expression^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c

Dysprosium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dysprosium

Description

''Dysprosium'' is a metallic element, of the rare earth group. Each atom has 66 protons in the nucleus.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dysprosium' in WordNet:
        1. dysprosium, Dy, atomic number 66 - (a trivalent metallic element
          of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
RareEarthElement^c

EMailAddress^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EMailAddress

Description

An ''EMailAddress'' is a string that has the address of a person or other agent in the standardized e-mail format: name@domain Where the 'name' can be anything and the 'domain' has to end in one of the recognized formats: .com, .edu; .org; .biz; or any other maintained by the internet controlling authority of the moment.

     The '@' symbol is  pronojnced as "at" when describing this address orally,
       and the '.' is pronounced as "dot".
         e.g. cassidy@micra.com is "cassidy at micra dot com'.

Super-classes AddressString^c

EMailCommunication^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EMailCommunication

Description

A specialization of (#$CommunicatingByMeansOfFn #$ComputerNetwork). Each instance of #$EMailCommunication is an event in which an e-mail message is successfully sent and received. Thus every instance of #$EMailCommunication has as sub-events both at least one instance of #$EMailSending and at least one instance of #$EMailReceiving. Important specializations include #$SingleEMailCommunication, #$MassEMailCommunication and #$EMailMailingListCommunication.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'email' in WordNet:
            1. electronic mail, e-mail, email - ((computer science) 
             a system of world-wide electronic communication in which a 
             computer user can compose a message at one terminal that
             is generated at the recipient's terminal when he logs in)
         WN verb '-mail':
           1. e-mail, email, netmail - (communicate electronically on the computer;
           'she e-mailed me the good news')

Super-classes LinguisticCommunication^c
InternetCommunication^c

EMailMessage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EMailMessage`
Description	CYC: A subcollection of #$ComputerAIS, #$EMailMessage is the collection of all email message information structures. They are generally composed of several parts: an instance of #$EMailMessageText, a header containing instances of #$EMailAddress that correspond to the sender and recipient of the message, and sometimes instances of #$ComputerFile-AIS which are attached (see #$attachedToEMail). `RHW sese 2 of 'e-mail': a message sent by e-mail: 'Send me an e-mail on the idea.' No obvious WN sense for this.??? WN 'email'seems to be the system. electronic mail`
Super-classes	AbstractInformationStore^c Message^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some EMailCommunication^c
Sub-classes	Spam^c

ESP^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ESP

Description

Extrasensory perception and related claims.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ESP' in WordNet:
         1. clairvoyance, second sight, extrasensory perception, E.S.P., ESP - 
         (apparent power to perceive things that are not present to the senses)

Super-classes ParanormalEvent^c

Each^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Each

Description

''Each'' is a subclass of 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' serving as a quantifier that specifies 'every' member of some Group to have an attribute or be affected by some Event, but to assign the meanings individually, not to the Group.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'each' in Wordnet:
          1. each - ((used of count nouns) every one considered individually;
            'each person is mortal'; 'each party is welcome')

Super-classes HighValued^c
VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c

Eager^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eager`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Eagerness. NOTE: there are differences in usage of the terms in these two synsets, but expressing them in logic will require more examples of usage. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'eager' in WordNet: 1. (20) eager - (having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy; 'eager to learn'; 'eager to travel abroad'; 'eager for success'; 'eager helpers'; 'an eager look') WN adj 'avid': 2. avid, great, eager, zealous - (marked by active interest and enthusiasm; "an avid sports fan"; "a great walker"; "an eager beaver")
Super-classes	Willing^c
Sub-classes	Industrious^c

Eagerly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eagerly

Description

''Eagerly'' is an AdverbialModifier that

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'eagerly' in Wordnet:
         1. (6) eagerly, thirstily - (with eagerness; in an eager manner; 
               'the news was eagerly awaited')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Eagerness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eagerness`
Description	Intensely desiring something; impatiently expectant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eagerness' in Wordnet: 1. (5) eagerness, avidity, avidness, keenness - (a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Eager^c
Sub-classes	Zeal^c

Eagle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eagle`
Description	CYC: The collection of all eagles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eagle' in WordNet: 1. (3) eagle, bird of Jove - (any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight)`
Super-classes	BirdOfPrey^c
Sub-classes	BaldEagle^c GoldenEagle^c

Ear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ear`
Description	The organ of hearing, which occur in pairs on most animals. This type includes not only the outer protrusion but also the inner canal that contains the hairs that detect the sound. `SUMO: The Organ of hearing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ear' in WordNet: 1. (36) ear - (the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium)`
Super-classes	VibrationThroughAMediumSensor^c Protrusion^c ExternalOrgan^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	HumanEar^c

EarCanal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarCanal`
Description	The ''EarCanal''is a ''Meatus'' (a 'BodyPassageway') from the outer ear to the tympanic membrane. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ear canal' in WordNet: 1. auditory meatus, acoustic meatus, ear canal, auditory canal, external auditory canal - (either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane)`
Super-classes	BodyPassageway^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterEarAndEardrum^c

EarOfCorn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarOfCorn

Description

A ripe ear of the CornPlant, having many Corn-SingleGrains on it.

     Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'corn' in WordNet; the Wordnet
       sense is interpreted as a single ear of corn:   in WordNet:
        3. (1) corn, edible corn - (ears of corn grown for human food)

Super-classes OrganicObject^c

EarPiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarPiece`
Description	This is the generic ''EarPiece' that is a part of a larger Device and is designed to be inserted into the outer part of the EarCanal to transmit sounds.It can be an electrical device in itself,, as with some small ''ElectronicHearingAid''s, or merely the end piece of a device that transmits sounds through a tubular arrangement,as in a ''Stethoscope'' or an antiquated 'ear trumpet' horn-like device, or connected by wires to an electronic device.. `Electrical and non-electrical EarPieces can be subtypes when needed. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'earpiece' in WordNet: 1. earphone, earpiece, headphone, phone - (electro-acoustic transducer for converting electric signals into sounds; it is held over or inserted into the ear; 'it was not the typing but the earphones that she disliked')`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c SomethingToWear^c ElectroAcousticTransducer^c Device^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value EarCanal^c isDesignedToProduce^op value AudibleSound^c

EarPlug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarPlug`
Description	CYC: The collection of ear plugs. This collection includes swimming ear plugs, plugs designed to reduce noise, and any other sort of ear plug. `No WordNet entry(?) RHW: a plug of soft, pliable material inserted into the opening of the outer ear, esp. to keep out water or noise.`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c SomethingToWear^c ProtectiveObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value EarCanal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c

Earache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earache`
Description	An ache that appears to be located inside the ''Ear''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earache' in Wordnet: 1. earache, otalgia - (an ache localized in the middle or inner ear)`
Super-classes	Ache^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value Ear^c

Eardrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eardrum`
Description	CYC: The tight thin skin inside the ear, which makes one hear the sound waves that beat against it. `The sound waves coming into the ear are transmitted from the eardrum first to the ''Malleus'' bone, which directly contacts the ''Eardrum'', and then through the indcus and stapes bones further in, to the Cochlea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eardrum' in WordNet: 1. eardrum, tympanum, tympanic membrane, myringa - (the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c TissueMembrane^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	touchesDirectly^op value Malleus^c

EaredSeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EaredSeal`
Description	Those #$Seal-Animals that have external ears. #$EaredSeals constitute the #$BiologicalFamily Otariidae. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eared seal' in WordNet: 1. eared seal - (pinniped mammal having external ear flaps and hind limbs used for locomotion on land; valued for its soft underfur)`
Super-classes	Seal-Animal^c
Sub-classes	SeaLion^c

Earl^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earl

Description

CYC: The collection of all earls, or male persons who hold hereditary count title in the systems of nobility of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. This is distinct from a European count, though of equal rank. See also #$Count-Nobleman and #$Countess.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earl' in WordNet:
            1. (1) earl - (a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount)

Super-classes PeerNoble^c

Earlobe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earlobe`
Description	CYC: The collection of all earlobes. Each member of this collection is the non-convoluted fleshy portion of an #$Pinna, being the lowest portion of an #$ExternalEar. In medical terminology these are 'ear lobules'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earlobe' in WordNet: 1. earlobe, ear lobe - (the fleshy pendulous part of the external human ear)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Skin^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Ear^c

EarlySettlement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarlySettlement`
Description	An early stage of formation of a GeopoliticalEntity, less formally organized than a modern city or state. A Settlement may be a colony, especially in its early stages; a small community, village, or group of houses in a thinly populated area, or a community formed and populated by members of a particular religious or ideological group: for example, a 'Shaker settlement'. An EarlySettlement may or may not be sufficiently organized to qualify as a 'GeopoliticalEntity' having a Government. This type includes three senses of settlement' in RHW: 8. a colony, esp. in its early stages. 9. a small community, village, or group of houses in a thinly populated area. 10. a community formed and populated by members of a particular religious or ideological group: a Shaker settlement. The process of settlement is not yet formalized in COSMO. The broader sense of 'Settlement' including all sizes and stages of more or less organized local inhabitants, use parent ''PopulatedPlace'' NOTE: WN 'settlement' is a GroupOfPeople, but this type is for the location where such people live. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'settlement' in WordNet: 1. (7) colony, settlement - (a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government)
Super-classes	PopulatedPlace^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value Settler^c
Sub-classes	FrontierSettlement^c

Earmarking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earmarking`
Description	''Earmarking'' is an Action in which an agent assigns a specific purpose to some Object (including a MoneyObject) and thereby sets it aside and prevents incompatible uses. The terms used for this concept include 'set aside', 'dedicate', assign, allot, 'reserve', 'appropriate', 'devote', 'give over to'. NOTE the main distinction between ''Earmarking'' and the parent type ''Reserving'' is that the ''DesiredFutureUse'' is already known at the time the reserving is done. `Includes verb sense 1 of 'earmark' and part of verb sense 1 of 'devote' and part of sense 1 of 'dedicate' in WordNet: 1. allow, appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve - (give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause; 'I will earmark this money for your research'; 'She sets aside time for meditation every day')`
Super-classes	AssigningEvent^c KeepingSomething^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op some DesiredFutureUse^c
Sub-classes	DedicatingaPublicFacility^c

Earned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earned

Description

''Earned'' is an attribute of something that is deserved because it is the object of an ''EarningSomething'' Action.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'earned' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) earned - (gained or acquired; especially through merit 
               or as a result of effort or action; 'a well-earned reputation for honesty';
               'earned income'; 'an earned run in baseball')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Earner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earner`
Description	This ''Earner'' is a Person who has received something of value - which could be intangible (as in earning praise or a reward) based as a just reward for doing something of value for someone. The more specific 'earning pay for performing a job' is represented by the subtype ''WageEarner''. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'earner' (not just earning as payment for a job) in WordNet: 1. earner, wage earner - (someone who earn wages in return for their labor)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value EarningSomething^c
Sub-classes	WageEarner^c

Earnest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earnest

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earnest' in WordNet:
           1. (2) earnest, sincere, solemn - (characterized by 
           a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions;
           'both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate'; 
           'an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant'; 'a film with a solemn social message')

Super-classes BiologicalAttributeValue^c

Earnestly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earnestly

Description

''Earnestly'' is an that can be used as an adverb of manner ('spoke earnestly').

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earnestly' in WordNet:
            1. (2) seriously, earnestly, in earnest - (in a serious manner;
            'talking earnestly with his son'; 'she started studying snakes in earnest'; 
            'a play dealing seriously with the question of divorce')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

EarningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarningSomething`
Description	EarningSomething is an Action that an Agent takes which results in a 'DeservingSomething' state. This is very broad, and it could be 'earning' recognition, an award (Medal of Honor), money, applause, whatever. Usually (but not always, the earner receives the thing earned, so the restriction requires that the thing that should be received be specified, via a 'Receiving' Event (which may be a 'DesiredFutureSituation'). Corresponds to verb sense1 of 'earn' in WordNet: 1. (19) gain, take in, clear, make, earn, realize, realise, pull in, bring in - (earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages; 'How much do you make a month in your new job?'; 'She earns a lot in her new job'; 'this merger brought in lots of money'; 'He clears $5,000 each month')
Super-classes	GainingSomething^c GarneringSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value DeservingSomething^c mayCause^op some Receiving^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Earned^c
Sub-classes	EarningaProfit^c

EarningaProfit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarningaProfit`
Description	''EarningaProfit'' is a ''EarningSomething'' in which the Action produces a ''Profit'' in the form of some Object that is or is easiy converted into a ''MoneyObject'' `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'profit' in WordNet: 2. (2) profit, turn a profit - (make a profit; gain money or materially; 'The company has not profited from the merger')`
Super-classes	EarningSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Profit^c causes^op value ReceivingMoney^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Profitable^c

Earring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earring`
Description	CYC: 'Earring-Jewelry': The collection of earrings. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earring' in WordNet: 1. earring - (jewelry to ornament the ear; usually clipped to the earlobe or fastened through a hole in the lobe)`
Super-classes	Jewelry^c ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Earlobe^c

EarthHemisphere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthHemisphere`
Description	A GeographicalArea (a PhysicalObject) that consists of one-half of the Earth's surface, divided form the other half by a circumferential circle that can be any line of latitude, or the equator, or any circle at an angle to a latitude line. The most common instances of EarthHemisphere are the EasternHemisphere, WesternHemisphere, NorthernHemisphere and SouthernHemisphere. `Approximately the same as CYC 'GeographicalHemisphere': the 4 ways the earth has been divided in half-- Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western @ToDo: The mass is specified as unknown ('-1'), but might be calculated from the mass of the Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemisphere' in WordNet: 1. (5) hemisphere - (half of the terrestrial globe)`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immobile^c hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WesternHemisphere http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthernHemisphere http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasternHemisphere http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthernHemisphere

EarthMovingVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthMovingVehicle`
Description	$EarthMovingVehicle is a specialization of `#$ConstructionVehicle. Each instance of #$EarthMovingVehicle is a heavy construction vehicle that is used to alter the shape of a region's terrain by moving around large quantities of earth, rocks, and so forth. Often, #$EarthMovingVehicles are used in road construction, but they can also be used to prepare construction sites, erect barricades, excavate in strip mines or demolition sites, etc. They are powered by internal combustion engines and either have wheels or treads like tanks.`
Super-classes	ConstructionVehicle^c MaterialTransporter^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Excavating^c
Sub-classes	Backhoe^c Excavator^c Bulldozer^c

EarthPole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthPole`
Description	An 'EarthPole' is one of the two 'PlanetaryPoles' on the Earth. This is a ''GeographicalPoint'' so it cannot be a ''LineOfLatitude''. NOTE: Since it was discovered that the actual poles of the Earth (and presumably other planets) can move somewhat from year to year, this notion is somewhat ambiguous. It is possible to fix a pole at some particular point in time, and refer to that pole; or to refer to the (estimated) instantaneous location of the pole at the current time. The EarthPoles of the WGS84 datum are instances of the subtype 'WGS84Pole' (which see). Corresponds to sense 7 of 'pole' in WordNet, 7. pole - (one of two antipodal points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface)
Super-classes	PlanetaryPole^c GeographicalPoint^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immobile^c
Sub-classes	WGS84Pole^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthPole

EarthScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthScience`
Description	An ''EarthScience'' is any of the ''Science''s that study the Earth and processes in or on it. The subdivisions listed in WordNet are: # paleontology, palaeontology, fossilology - (the earth science that studies fossil organisms and related remains) # geology - (a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks) # meteorology - (the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather)) # oceanography, oceanology - (the branch of science dealing with physical and biological aspects of the oceans) # limnology - (the scientific study of bodies of fresh water for their biological and physical and geological properties) # geography, geographics - (study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earth science' in WordNet: 1. earth science - (any of the sciences that deal with the earth or its parts)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c
Sub-classes	Meteorology^c Geology^c Geography^c

EarthSurfaceObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthSurfaceObject`
Description	Each ''EarthSurfaceObject'' is a PhysicalObject that is located at or near the surface of the Earth. This can be small and of little significance - a tree in the ground, a doghouse. This type is useful only to provide some additional constraining context for things whose location on the Earth might not otherwise be clear. For larger geographical features, use the subtype ''GeographicalObject''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Place^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthSurfaceRegion^c isLocatedAt^op some (GeographicalRegion^c or LocationType^c or GeographicalArea^c)
Sub-classes	GeographicalObject^c HoleInTheGround^c Puddle^c Overlook^c

Earthly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earthly`
Description	''Earthly'' is an AttributeValue Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'earthly' in Wordnet: 1. earthly - (of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven; 'earthly beings'; 'believed that our earthly life is all that matters'; 'earthly love'; 'our earthly home')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Earthquake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earthquake`
Description	A specialization of #$NaturalHazard. Each instance of #$Earthquake is an event in which the earth's surface shakes as a consequence of violent seismic activity. NOTE: not all Earthquakes are destructive. For the destructive kind that can be classified as a ''NaturalDisaster'' use ''DestructiveEarthquake''. Those will usually have a strength greater than 5 on the Richter scale. SUMO: Earthquake is the class of events in which the earth shakes while its layers readjust due to tensional stresses in the surface of the earth. A single earthquake may consist of one or more EarthTremors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earthquake' in Wordnet: 1. (17) earthquake, quake, temblor, seism - (shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity)
Super-classes	DangerousThing^c ShakingMotion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Ground^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op some Planet-Generic^c mayCause^op value DangerousSituation^c mayCause^op value Avalanche^c
Sub-classes	SmallEarthquake^c DestructiveEarthquake^c

EarthsGeoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsGeoid`
Description	EarthsGeoid is any of the standard 'datums' representing the 'surface' of the Earth at zero elevation, that may be defined, and used as reference for geographical locations and altitudes above sea level. RHW: 'an imaginary surface that coincides with mean sea level in the ocean and its extension through the continents.' The standard geoid now in most common use is WGS84: (see 'WGS84', the instance) (from Wikipedia) WGS 84 is the World Geodetic System of 1984. It is the reference frame used by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and is defined by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) (formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency) (formerly the Defense Mapping Agency). WGS 84 is used by DoD for all its mapping, charting, surveying, and navigation needs, including its GPS 'broadcast' and 'precise' orbits. WGS 84 was defined in January 1987 using Doppler satellite surveying techniques. It was used as the reference frame for broadcast GPS Ephemerides (orbits) beginning January 23, 1987. At 0000 GMT January 2, 1994, WGS 84 was upgraded in accuracy using GPS measurements. The formal name then became WGS 84 (G730), since the upgrade date coincided with the start of GPS Week 730. It became the reference frame for broadcast orbits on June 28, 1994. At 0000 GMT September 30, 1996 (the start of GPS Week 873), WGS 84 was redefined again and was more closely aligned with International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 94. It is now formally called WGS 84 (G873). WGS 84 (G873) was adopted as the reference frame for broadcast orbits on January 29, 1997. (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml#WGS84 ) The WGS84 datum, which is almost identical to the NAD83 datum used in North America, is the only world referencing system in place today. WGS84 is the default standard datum for coordinates stored in recreational and commercial GPS units.
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WGS84

Easel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Easel`
Description	An ''Easel'' is a ''Tripod' used to hold pictures or posters at a height sufficient for peope sitted at a tab to see them - at least three feet at the bottom. Used to support pictures in various situations or 'flip charts' or posters at presentations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'easel' in WordNet: 1. (4) easel - (an upright tripod for displaying something (usually an artist's canvas))`
Super-classes	Tripod^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op some (Picture^c or PresentationPoster^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value Presentation^c

Easily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Easily

Description

''Easily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the agent was or is able to perform that Action without difficulty or great effort.

      ''Easily''  can also modify past participle adjectives to create modifiers
         pertaining to ''EasyToDo': 'easily torn'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'easily' in WordNet:
         1. (36) easily, easy - (with ease ('easy' is sometimes used informally for 'easily');
           'she was easily excited'; 'was easily confused'; 'he won easily'; 
              'this china breaks very easily'; 'success came too easy')
        WN adv 'readily':
          1. (22) readily - (without much difficulty; 
                    'these snakes can be identified readily')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

EasilyAgitated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasilyAgitated

Description

'EasilyAgitated' is an AttributeValue of someone who has a higher than average tendency to become agitated or Nervous from minor causes. For the attribute of someone who is in a state of unease, use 'Nervous'. Being EasilyAgitated makes one prone to become Nervous, but being Nervous is not the same as having the trait of 'EasilyAgitated'

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nervous' in WordNet:
    1. (9) nervous - (easily agitated; 'quick nervous movements')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Easiness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Easiness

Description

'Easiness' is a quality of actions that are conducted without much difficulty.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'easiness' in WordNet:
          2. ease, easiness, simplicity, simpleness - (freedom from difficulty 
          or hardship or effort; 'he rose through the ranks with apparent ease'; 
          'they put it into containers for ease of transportation'; 
          'the very easiness of the deed held her back')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Easing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Easing`
Description	''Easing'' is an ''ImprovementEvent'' caused by a ''DecreaseEvent'' (which is included in the Action). This action cases ''Relief'' by reducing ''Inconvenience'' (broadly construed). The subtypes can be varying ways that restrictions or onerous requirements are reduced or eliminated, making it wasier for people to do things they want to. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'easing' in WordNet: 1. easing, moderation, relief - (a change for the better)`
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c Action^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value Relief^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Inconvenience^c
Sub-classes	Liberalization^c Mitigating^c

Eastbound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eastbound

Description

''Eastbound'' is the attribute of some PhysicalObject moving Eastward, or of the 'Motion'' or of a one-way Path. 'easthbond traffic is moving slowly'

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eastbound' in Wordnet:
            1. eastbound, eastward - (moving toward the east; "eastbound trains")

Super-classes DirectionalAttributeValue^c
OrientationMeasure^c

EasterEgg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasterEgg`
Description	An Easter egg is an egg that has been colored and decorated, usually at Easter (see #$EasterHoliday). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Easter egg' in WordNet: 2. Easter egg - (a colored hard-boiled egg used to celebrate Easter)`
Super-classes	HardBoiledEgg^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Colored^c

EasterHoliday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasterHoliday

Description

Each of these is an annual #$ChristianHoliday which commemorates the Resurrection of Christ after his Crucifixion.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Easter' in WordNet:
          1. (3) Easter - (a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ;
             celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox)

Super-classes ChristianHoliday^c
MoveableHoliday^c
HolidayDay^c

Eastern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eastern

Description

Eastern is an attribute that takes a Region as argument and returns the geographically easternmost part of that region.

    This corresponds to senses 1 and 3 of 'eastern' in WordNet,
      which appear indistinguishable:
   in WordNet:
    1. (8) eastern - (lying toward or situated in the east;
        'the eastern end of the island')
    3. (1) easterly, eastern - (lying in or toward the east;
        'the east side of New York'; 'eastern cities')

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

EasternChipmunk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasternChipmunk

Description

WN distinctions between 'ground squirrel' and 'chipmunk' seem to invert other usages I have heard; the eastern variety is not referred to as a 'ground squirrel' and the western is. This inverts the WN usage. So the label is intended to be specific. The label 'ground squirrel' is added to the Western variety, which is lrger than the common eastern 'chipmunk'.

      More realistic is the RHW sense of Chipmunk:
      any of several small, striped, terrestrial squirrels of the genera Tamias,
      of North America, and Eutamia, of Asia and North America, esp. T. striatus, 
      of eastern North America.

     NOTE that western ground squirrels (WN 'chipmunk') also have strpes.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eastern chipmunk' in WordNet:
        1. eastern chipmunk, hackee, striped squirrel, ground squirrel, Tamias striatus - 
          (small striped semiterrestrial eastern American squirrel with cheek pouches)

Super-classes Squirrel^c

EasternOrthodox^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasternOrthodox

Description

''Orthodox''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''EasternOrthodoxChurch'' and its rites and beliefs.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'orthodox' in Wordnet:
         3. Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox -
           (of or relating to or characteristic of the Eastern Orthodox Church)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EasternOrthodoxChurch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasternOrthodoxChurch

Description

The ''EasternOrthodoxChurch'' is a ''CatholicChurch'' that does not reognize the Pope as its head, rather has national subgroups in different countries, especially in Greece and Russia.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Eastern Orthodox Church' in WordNet:
        1. Orthodox Church, Orthodox Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, 
           Eastern Church, Eastern Orthodox - (derived from the Byzantine Church
           and adhering to Byzantine rites)

Super-classes CatholicChurch^c

Eastward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eastward`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'eastward' in Wordnet: 1. (1) eastward, eastwards - (toward the east; 'they migrated eastward to Sweden')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c AdverbOfManner^c

EasyToDo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasyToDo`
Description	A subtype of 'RelativelyEasy' referring to Actions that have sufficiently few components requiring expertise that any adult can do it, with little effort. Trivially easy. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'easy' in WordNet: 1. (64) easy - - (posing no difficulty; requiring little effort; 'an easy job'; 'an easy problem'; 'an easy victory'; 'the house is easy to heat'; 'satisfied with easy answers'; 'took the easy way out of his dilemma')`
Super-classes	Convenient^c Simple^c
Sub-classes	Foolproof^c Effortless^c

EasyToUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EasyToUse`
Description	A subtype of 'Convenient' referring to Objects or places that are easy to use because they are simple to use, or are merely close at hand.
Super-classes	Convenient^c
Sub-classes	NearAtHand^c Foolproof^c

Easygoing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Easygoing

Description

Conforming only loosely or not at all to certain social rules; of behavior or of objects (such as clothing) expected for certain occasions.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'easygoing' in Wordnet:
          3. easygoing - (relaxed and informal in attitude or standards;
            'an easygoing teacher who allowed extra time for assignments')

Super-classes Informal^c

Eater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eater`
Description	An ''Eater'' is the ''Role'' of an ''Person'' that is performing or has performed some ''EatingEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eater' in WordNet: 1. eater, feeder - (someone who consumes food for nourishment)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value EatingEvent^c

EatingBreakfast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingBreakfast`
Description	The Action in which a person eats the first meal of the day, usually in the morning. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'breakfast' in WordNet: 1. (2) breakfast - (eat an early morning meal; 'We breakfast at seven')`
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value Morning^c hadConsumedObject^op value Breakfast^c

EatingDinner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingDinner`
Description	The Action in which a person eats the main meal of the day, usually in the evening. For the food eaten, see 'Dinner'. `Noun sense 1 of 'dinner' in WordNet seems to be the act of eating dinner. This is ambiguous, and the WordNet 'dinner' will be used in both senses: in WordNet: 1. (25) dinner - (the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday; 'dinner will be at 8'; 'on Sundays they had a large dinner when they returned from church')`
Super-classes	EatingaMeal^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Dinner^c typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value DinnerTime^c

EatingDisorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingDisorder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eating disorder' in WordNet: 1. eating disorder - (a disorder of the normal eating routine)`
Super-classes	UpsetCondition^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value EatingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Anorexia^c

EatingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is an event which involves the consumption of a portion of food by one animal. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is a meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of individual #$EatingAMorsel (q.v.) events. `This includes transitive and intransitive senses. COSMO note: this is only for eating via the mouth. microbes 'eating' nutrients from solution are not included. Includes eat senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'eat' in WordNet: 1. (479) eat - (take in solid food; 'She was eating a banana'; 'What did you eat for dinner last night?') WN noun 'eating': 1. (3) eating, feeding - (the act of consuming food)`
Super-classes	ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op some (Food^c or FoodObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) mayHaveSubEvent^op value BitingWithTeeth^c
Sub-classes	EatingaMeal^c Devouring^c PeckingAtFood^c EatingMeat^c AnimalFeeding^c EatingaWithTheFingers^c EatingBreakfast^c GobblingFood^c EatingaCourseOfaMeal^c Snacking^c Satiating^c Nibbling^c EatingSupper^c

EatingLunch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingLunch`
Description	The Action in which a person eats the 'midday; meal, usuallyclose to noon. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lunch' in WordNet: 1. (1) lunch - (take the midday meal; 'At what time are you lunching?')
Super-classes	EatingaMeal^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value LunchTime^c hadConsumedObject^op value Lunch^c typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value Midday^c

EatingMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingMeat`
Description	''EatingMeat'' is the Action performed by a ''Carnivore'' and not by a ''Vegetarian''. `NOTE: the 'meat' referred to is the meat of a Mammal. Fish and reptiles are exclouded fomr this but cold be added to add a more stringent meaning to ''Vegetarian''.`
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Carnivore^c hadConsumedObject^op only (Meat^c or MeatObject^c or Mammal^c)

EatingSupper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingSupper`
Description	'EatingSupper' is the Action in which a person eats a meal in the evening. For the food eaten, see 'Supper'. `Noun sense 1 of 'supper' in WordNet seems to be the act of eating supper. This is ambiguous, and the WordNet 'supper' will be taken in both senses in COSMO. in WordNet: 1. (14) supper - (a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime)`
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Supper^c

EatingUtensil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingUtensil`
Description	A FoodUtensil used directly in the act of eating food - knife, fork, spoon. `Cyc: ('SilverwarePiece') Not necessarily silver - eating implements like knife, fork, spoon. These are not #$GraspingImplements. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'eating utensil' in WordNet: 1. cutlery, eating utensil - (tableware implements for cutting and eating food)`
Super-classes	FoodUtensil^c Tableware^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value EatingEvent^c
Sub-classes	ChopSticks^c ChopStick^c Fork-EatingUtensil^c TableKnife^c Spoon-EatingUtensil^c

EatingUtensilType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingUtensilType`
Description	Each instance of ''EatingUtensilType'' is a type of Object that is used in ''Dining''.
Super-classes	ArtifactObjectType^c
Members	Fork-EatingUtensil ChopStick TeaSpoon TableSpoon Spoon-EatingUtensil ChopSticks EatingUtensil TableKnife

EatingVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingVessel`
Description	Containers to hold an individual's portion of food while it is being eaten. `This includes objes such as saucersthat hold other EatingVessels, not the food directly`
Super-classes	FoodVessel^c NonPoweredDevice^c SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	Saucer^c Dish^c Bowl-Eating^c

EatingaCourseOfaMeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingaCourseOfaMeal`
Description	''EatingaCourseOfaMeal'' is an Event of eating in which one ''CourseOfaMeal'' is consumed.
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op some CourseOfAMeal^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf some Dining^c

EatingaMeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingaMeal`
Description	''EatingaMeal'' is the Action in which a person eats a full meal, which can vary in size and composition, but is considered by the eater as one of the main meals of the day (breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper), or something similarly filling. For eating while sitting (e.g. at a table) use ''Dining''. `NOTE: the label 'break bread' is usually used for dining with another person - to 'brek bread with' some ''Person''(s). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'eat' in WordNet: 2. (146) eat - (eat a meal; take a meal; 'We did not eat until 10 P.M. because there were so many phone calls'; 'I didn't eat yet, so I gladly accept your invitation') WN verb 'break bread': 1. break bread - (have a meal, usually with company; 'The early Christian disciples broke bread together')`
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Ingesting^c hadConsumedObject^op value Meal^c
Sub-classes	Dining^c EatingLunch^c Overeating^c EatingDinner^c

EatingaWithTheFingers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EatingaWithTheFingers`
Description	''EatingaWithTheFingers'' is an 'EatingEvent'' in which the food is handled with the fingers rather than with an ''EatingUtensil''.
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Finger^c hadObjectHandled^op some FingerFood^c

Eaves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eaves`
Description	An ''Eaves'' is an ''Overhang'' at the lower end of a sloping roof that extends over the wall of the structure below the roof. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eaves' in WordNet: 1. eaves - (the overhang at the lower edge of a roof)`
Super-classes	Overhang^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Building^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Roof^c isAtTheEndOf^op value Roof^c

EavesGutter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EavesGutter`
Description	A ''EavesGutter'' is a ''Channel'' that is just below the edge of the ''Eaves'' of a ''Roof'' and is designed to capture rainwater and direct it to some place where it does little or no damage to the structure or adjacent objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gutter' in WordNet: 1. (2) gutter, trough - (a channel along the eaves or on the roof; collects and carries away rainwater)`
Super-classes	Channel^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value Water^c isAdjacentTo^op value Eaves^c

Eavesdropping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eavesdropping`
Description	An instance of #$CumulativeEventType and a specialization of (#$SurreptitiouslyFn #$ListeningDeliberately). Each instance of #$Eavesdropping is an event in which a #$PerceptualAgent secretly listens to a #$Conversation in which the is not an active participant. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'eavesdrop' in WordNet: 1. listen in, eavesdrop - (listen without the speaker's knowledge; 'the jealous man was eavesdropping on his wife's conversations')`
Super-classes	Listening^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Surreptitiously^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Surreptitious^c isaPerceptionOf^op value Conversation^c
Sub-classes	Wiretapping^c

EbbTide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EbbTide

Description

An ''EbbTide'' is an ''OceanTide'' at a location when the height of the Ocean is falling due to tidal forces.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ebbtide' in WordNet:
         1. ebbtide - (the tide while water is flowing out)

Super-classes OceanTide^c
Receding^c

Ebola^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ebola

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ebola' in WordNet:
          1. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Ebola fever, Ebola - 
            (a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates 
            (monkeys and chimpanzees) caused by the Ebola virus; characterized 
            by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person;
            is largely limited to Africa)

Super-classes ContagiousDisease^c
ViralInfection^c

Ebony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ebony`
Description	The substance ''Ebony'' is a type of ''Hardwood'' derived from the ''EbonyTree''. Figurines ,ade of the dark wood are sometimes polished with black shoe polish to make them closer to black. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ebony' in WordNet: 2. ebony - (hard dark-colored heartwood of the ebony tree; used in cabinetwork and for piano keys)`
Super-classes	Hardwood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value EbonyTree^c

EbonyTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EbonyTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ebony tree' in WordNet: 1. ebony, ebony tree, Diospyros ebenum - (tropical tree of southern Asia having hard dark-colored heartwood used in cabinetwork)`
Super-classes	Species^c Tree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Ebony^c

Eccentric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eccentric`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eccentric' in WordNet: 1. (3) eccentric, eccentric person, flake, oddball, geek - (a person with an unusual or odd personality)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Eccentricity^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bizarre^c
Sub-classes	Bloke^c

Eccentricity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eccentricity`
Description	The difference between ''Eccentricity'' and ''PersonalQuirk'' is not clear, but they tend to be used for different categories of behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eccentricity' in WordNet: 1. (2) eccentricity - (strange and unconventional behavior)`
Super-classes	Trait^c BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Bizarre^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unconventional^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Strange^c

Ecclesiastical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecclesiastical

Description

'Ecclesiastical'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Church'' or a Grop of churches, or to the rites and properties associaed with a Church.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ecclesiastical' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) ecclesiastical, ecclesiastic - (of or associated with a church 
            (especially a Christian Church); 'ecclesiastic history')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EcclesiasticalDistrict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EcclesiasticalDistrict`
Description	A ''EcclesiasticalDistrict'' is a ''District'' defined by some religious Organization for administrative purposes. This is often associated with a particular ''Church'' or Group of Churches.
Super-classes	District^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ecclesiastical^c
Sub-classes	ParishDistrict^c ArchDiocese^c Diocese^c

Echinodermata^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Echinodermata`
Description	This is the collection of (individual) animals in the phylum Echinodermata. It includes starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sand dollars. Echinoderms are #$Coelomates. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Echinodermata' in WordNet: 1. Echinodermata, phylum Echinodermata - (radially symmetrical marine invertebrates including e.g. starfish and sea urchins and sea cucumbers)`
Super-classes	Coelomate^c MarineOrganism^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Starfish^c SeaCucumber^c SeaUrchin^c

Echo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Echo`
Description	The sound that is reflected from some solid surface - it may be multiply reflected from several surface, or re-reflected from the same surface. `most closely corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'echo' in WordNet: 1. (5) echo, reverberation, sound reflection, replication - (the persistence of a sound after its source has stopped)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Echoing^c

Echoing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Echoing`
Description	''Echoing'' is a ''Repelling'' in which the 'Something Moving' that rebounds is a sound wave. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'echo' in WordNet: 2. (2) resound, echo, ring, reverberate - (ring or echo with sound; 'the hall resounded with laughter')`
Super-classes	Repelling^c Reflecting^c DeflectingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Echo^c hasSubEvent^op value Sound^c isaCapabilityOf^op value SolidObject^c

Eclectic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eclectic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eclectic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) eclectic - (selecting what seems best of various styles or ideas)`
Super-classes	Selective^c

Eclipse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eclipse`
Description	An 'Eclipse'' is an Action in which in which one ''AstronomicalObject'' (which, in the case of an ''EclipseOfTheMoon'', is the Earth itself) moves so that it and another ''AstronomicalObject'' are in the same line in space (relative to a third object or an oberver). When the Earth is between the Sun and the Earth's Moon, it creates a ''LunarEclipse''; when one AstronomicalBody is in a line from the Earth to another AstronomicalBody, it is a ''BlockingTheViewOfSomething'' for observers on the Earth. An ''EclipseOfTheSun'' is one example of the latter, but the view of other AstronomicalBodies beyond the SolarSystem can also be eclipsed by ''AstronomicalBody''s, blocking their view from the Earth. This sense of ''Eclipse'' includes both the period when the AstronomicalBody is completely eclipsed, and an Event in which not all the light from the AstronomicalBody is blocked (a partial eclipse, not yet represented - rev1699). In this general case, 'view' that is blocked can be a receiving of radio waves or other forms of radiation, but that case would be a subtype of this that is not yet (rev1649) included in COSMO. For an ''EclipseOfTheMoon'', the alignment causes the Earth's shadow to fall on all or part of the Moon's surface visible from the Earth, and is not a subtype of ''BlockingTheViewOfSomething'' but a ''CastingaShadow''. Includes but is broader than (includes lunar eclipse) noun sense 1 of 'eclipse' in WordNet: 1. (2) eclipse, occultation - (one celestial body obscures another)
Super-classes	AligningObjectsInaRow^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value AstronomicalObject^c prevents^op value ViewingAnAstronomicalObject^c hasSubEvent^op value Translocation^c
Sub-classes	BlockingEclipse^c LunarEclipse^c

Ecological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecological

Description

''Ecological'' is an AttributeValue of places (''EcologicalPlace'') that affects how organisms in those places live and reproduce, and also of things that study or relate to such places, including the science of ''Ecology''.

    NOTE: the two WN senses may be differentiated but that will require adding
       several more types.

    Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'ecological' in WordNet:
       1. (1) ecological, ecologic - (characterized by the interdependence 
        of living organisms in an environment; 'an ecological disaster')
       2. ecological, ecologic, bionomical, bionomic - (of or relating to 
          the science of ecology; 'ecological research')

Super-classes Biological^c

EcologicalArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EcologicalArea`
Description	CYC 'EcologicalRegion': A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of #$EcologicalRegion is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems. From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there. Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there. In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology. Examples: the #$WesternDesertOfEgypt, the #$GreatBarrierReef, the #$Amazon-Region. `NOTE: this was changed from ''EcologicalRegion'' to ''EcologicalArea'' to allow it to represent all the objects in that ''GeographicalArea''.`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c EcologicalPlace^c
Restrictions	occupiesTheRegion^op value EcologicalRegion^c
Sub-classes	Oasis^c Desert^c Wetlands^c Ecosystem^c NaturePreserve^c Forest^c HabitatArea^c ThicketArea^c Beach^c

EcologicalPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EcologicalPlace`
Description	An EcologicalPlace can be either an EcologicalArea or a PhysicalObject - such as the physical trees that make up a forest. This Type is intentionally ambiguous so as to allow assertions about ecological niches without specifying whether it is the region of space or the actual physical objects in that space that are at issue. `The restriction says in effect: 'this is a place where organisms have reproduced more than two times'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ecology' in WordNet: 1. (1) ecology - (the environment as it relates to living organisms; 'it changed the ecology of the island')`
Super-classes	Environment-Generic^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op min 3
Sub-classes	Ground^c FreshWaterObject^c Taiga^c Reef^c Tundra^c EcologicalArea^c EcologicalRegion^c

EcologicalRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EcologicalRegion`
Description	CYC 'EcologicalRegion': A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of #$EcologicalRegion is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems. From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there. Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there. In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology. Examples: the #$WesternDesertOfEgypt, the #$GreatBarrierReef, the #$Amazon-Region. `NOTE: this was changed from ''EcologicalRegion'' to ''EcologicalArea'' to allow it to represent all the objects in that ''GeographicalArea''.`
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c EcologicalPlace^c
Sub-classes	HabitatRegion^c

Ecologically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecologically

Description

''Ecologically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives ad actions to assert that they should be interpreted with respect to ''Ecology''and natural proesses.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'ecologically' in Wordnet:
          1. ecologically - (with respect to ecology; 'ecologically speaking, 
               this idea is brilliant; economically, it is a disaster')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Ecologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ecologist' in WordNet: 1. ecologist - (a biologist who studies the relation between organisms and their environment)`
Super-classes	Biologist^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Ecology^c

Ecology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecology`
Description	''Ecology'' is the science that studies the relationships of life forms to each other and to the surrounding environment. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ecology' in WordNet: 2. ecology, bionomics, environmental science - (the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment)`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Habitat^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value LifeForm^c

Econometrician^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Econometrician

Description

CYC: The collection of all econometricians. The field of #$Econometrics is where #$Statistics and #$Economics come together.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'econometrician' in WordNet:
          1. econometrician, econometrist - (an economist who uses statistical and mathematical methods)

Super-classes SkilledWorker^c
Economist^c

Economic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Economic`
Description	''Economic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Economics'' and things related to ''Economics'', such as 'EconomicEvent', business, money, trade, and exchanges of goods adservics generally. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'economic' in WordNet: 1. (564) economic, economical - (of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth; 'economic growth'; 'aspects of social, political, and economical life') 2. (44) economic - (of or relating to the science of economics; 'economic theory')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	SocioEconomic^c

EconomicAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicAction`
Description	The class of all actions which are either 'transactions' within some economic system - instances of #$Buying, #$Bartering, contract-signing, boycotting, etc. - or which are in some way 'directed at' the functioning of an economic system. Examples of the latter include ordering an embargo on a certain country's goods or changing a tax rate. To a first approximation, instances of #$EconomicAction must be performed by #$IntelligentAgents. E.g., although animal stampedes might have economic consequences, they are not instances of #$EconomicAction. More precisely, saying that an action is 'directed at' an economic system entails that the initiator has some awareness of its economic consequences. Even if painting my house purple results in an increased demand for purple paint, such an action is not an #$EconomicAction unless I did it in part hoping to affect the paint market in some way. `Corresponds to FIBO 'economic activity': SKOS def: 'an aspect of the behavior of some economic actor in an economy, related to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services'`
Super-classes	EconomicEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	Breeding^c Industry^c CommercialActivity^c EconomicEmbargo^c ProducingGoodsAndServices^c EconomicPolicy^c

EconomicAid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicAid`
Description	''EconomicAid''is a quantity of money given to a Person or GroupOfPeople or Organization as a ''Gift'' with no requirement for repayment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economic aid' in WordNet: 1. aid, economic aid - (a gift of money to support a worthy person or cause)`
Super-classes	Gift^c EconomicAssistance^c Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Scholarship^c Grant^c

EconomicAssistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicAssistance`
Description	''EconomicAssistance'' is a quantity of Money (a ''MoneyObject'') that is provided by an 'AssistingFinancially' Action. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'assistance' in WordNet: 2. (61) aid, assistance, help - (a resource; 'visual aids in teaching'; 'economic assistance to depressed areas')`
Super-classes	Aid^c MoneyObject^c AbstractObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value FinancialAssistance^c
Sub-classes	EconomicAid^c

EconomicAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicAttribute`
Description	A type of PopulationAttribute that describes some attribute of a population related to a traditional measure of economic activity: unemployment rate, GNP per capita, exports, imports, average work week, etc. Each of those specific measures will be a subclass of 'PopulationCharacteristic'..
Super-classes	PopulationAttribute^c
Sub-classes	UnemploymentRate^c

EconomicClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicClass`
Description	A ''EconomicClass'' is a SocialGroup consisting of People or family groups having a certain range of income. Usually three or four: upper,middle, lower 0r perhaps also 'comfortable' or 'well off' or 'rich' or 'working class'. This type subsumes the basic three and they can be differentiated as needed. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'socio-economic class' in WordNet: 1. (5) class, social class, socio-economic class - (people having the same social or economic status; "the working class"; "an emerging professional class")`
Super-classes	SocialClass^c
Sub-classes	MiddleClass^c UpperClass^c WorkingClass^c

EconomicDepression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicDepression`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'depression' in WordNet: 2. (3) depression, slump, economic crisis - (a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment)`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value NationalEconomy^c causesIncreaseIn^op value UnemploymentRate^c hasSubEvent^op value Unemployment^c isPerformedBy^op value Country^c

EconomicDevelopmentEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicDevelopmentEvent`
Description	An ImprovementEvent in which some aspect of the economic situation of a ''NationalEconomy'' has improved. Each ''EconomicDevelopmentEvent'' is the result of some ''EconomicDevelopmentProcess'' proceeding over some ''TimeInterval'', however, COSMO does not require that the ''EconomicDevelopmentProcess'' be reified in order to reference an ''EconomicDevelopmentEvent'.
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c Development^c Progressing^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingProcess^op value EconomicDevelopmentProcess^c improves^op some NationalEconomy^c
Sub-classes	Industrialization^c

EconomicDevelopmentProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicDevelopmentProcess`
Description	''EconomicDevelopmentProcess'' is the process that gives rise to an ''EconomicDevelopmentEvent''.
Super-classes	FunctionalProcess^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingEvent^op value EconomicDevelopmentEvent^c

EconomicEmbargo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicEmbargo

Description

CYC: The collection of events in which one nation, acting as an agent, officially forbids all economic commerce with a particular country, and takes additional steps to prevent and/or intercept all relevant instances of commerce trade. Often, but not always, embargoes are cases of punishing or imposing sanctions. An embargo can be thought of as the most extreme possible case of imposing trade restrictions. In CycL, we take an embargo to be the combination of the legal/official edict interdicting commerce and the actual steps taken to enforce the edict, eg, the conducting of additional customs inspections in ports.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embargo' in WordNet:
          1. (1) embargo, trade embargo, trade stoppage - (a government order imposing a trade barrier)

Super-classes PoliticalEvent^c
EconomicAction^c
BlockingTraffic^c

EconomicEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicEvent`
Description	$EconomicEvent is the most general collection of events having an economic character, such as buying and selling, inflation and recession, and economic policy-making. This does not necessarily require intentionality for an 'EconomicEvent'; subtypes 'BusinessEvent' and 'EconomicAction' are purposeful events. COSMO note: this includes natural events that can affect economic activity or cause economic loss, wars, discoveries, and inventions. A natural disaster causing loss can be an 'EconomicEvent'. In the REA model, every EconomicEvent involves some economic Resource, and some Agent.
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Event^c
Sub-classes	EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c MacroeconomicEvent^c EconomicAction^c

EconomicExpansion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicExpansion`
Description	''EconomicExpansion'' is an ''Expanding'' in which some Country's ''NationalEconomy'' increases by some accepted economic measure, such as GNP or GDP.
Super-classes	GoodThing^c Expanding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value NationalEconomy^c

EconomicIndex^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicIndex

Description

An 'EconomicIndex' in the reporting of economic events is usually some composite statistical measure, often an average, of data related to economic activity,

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'index' in WordNet:
        2. (1) index, index number, indicant, indicator - (a number or ratio 
          (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts;
          can reveal relative changes as a function of time)

Super-classes EconomicIndicator^c

EconomicIndicator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicIndicator`
Description	See subtypes for more specific inicators. `skos-definition: 'a statistical measure of an economic activity, used for analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance'`
Super-classes	StatisticalMeasure^c
Sub-classes	EconomicIndex^c IndexOfLeadingIdicators^c

EconomicLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicLaw`
Description	A ''EconomicLaw'' is any ''Law'' establishing a rule for controlling or regulating ''EconomicAction''s . `This has a set of heterogeneous subtypes, including ''CopyrightLaw''s and rules for incorporation and regulations and treaties.`
Super-classes	Law^c
Restrictions	createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op value Copyright^c
Sub-classes	CopyrightLaw^c

EconomicMeltdown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicMeltdown`
Description	A ''EconomicMeltdown'' is a ''MacroeconomicEvent'' in which some important part of a national economy declines rapidly and significantly (by more than 10 percent). This may or may not have consequences lasting long enough to qualify as a ''Recession''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'meltdown' in WordNet: 2. meltdown - (a disaster comparable to a nuclear meltdown; 'there is little likelihood of a meltdown comparable to the American banking collapse in March 1933')`
Super-classes	MacroeconomicEvent^c Disaster^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c

EconomicPolicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicPolicy`
Description	An ''EconomicPolicy'' is an ''EconomicAction'' performed by a ''Government'', which is thus a ''Implementation'' (an Action, not a ''Policy'' which is a ''Plan''). `NOTE: the WN ''economic policy' is a subtype of ''Policy'' which is a ''Plan'', not an Action. WN does not explicitly distinguish the ''Plan'' and its implementation. This type is for the implementation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economic policy' in WordNet: 1. (1) economic policy - (a government policy for maintaining economic growth and tax revenues)`
Super-classes	Implementation^c PoliticalEvent^c EconomicAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Government^c

EconomicSector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicSector`
Description	Any instance of a Group of people or organizations engaged in a specific type of economically productive activity. Instances might be the US automobile industry, the software industry, the space industry, or the French farming sector. In Cyc called 'EconomicSector-Localized' Cyc: Each instance of the collection #$EconomicSector-Localized is a particular major economic sector of some place: a large #$Group of producers or service providers in a defined geographic area. For instance, the United States' manufacturing sector would be an element of #$EconomicSector-Localized, and would have particular U.S. manufacturers as #$groupMembers. The 'world agriculture sector' and 'the technology sector in the United States' refer to instances of #$EconomicSector-Localized. 'The U.S. Automobile Industry' is too specific and is an instance of a particular #$Industry-Localized. (Similarly, the collection #$AutomobileIndustry is an instance of #$IndustryType.) Note that the main kinds of economic sector (#$EconomicSectorTypes like #$AgriculturalEconomicSector) are #$Collections (of particular geographically defined instances of #$EconomicSector-Localized); they are not themselves individual economic sectors in this scheme. That is, there are several instances of the collection #$ManufacturingEconomicSector, such as the German manufacturing sector, the Mexican manufacturing sector, etc. There is also the worldwide manufacturing sector. Thus #$ManufacturingEconomicSector is a specialization, not an instance, of #$EconomicSector-Localized. Note that this is for major sectors of an economy, not for specific industries; see #$Industry-Localized and #$IndustryType. See also #$MtOfIndustryTypeFn and #$MtOfIndustryOfRegionFn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'industry' in WordNet: 1. (270) industry - (the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise; 'each industry has its own trade publications')
Super-classes	SectorOfSociety^c MultiPersonAgent^c
Sub-classes	AeroSpaceSector^c IndustrialEconomicSector^c

EconomicSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicSystem`
Description	An ''EconomicSystem'' is a heterogeneous Group of entities including a set of 'Laws' and ''EconomicAction''s.
Super-classes	LegalSystem^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some EconomicAction^c hasTopic^op value NationalEconomy^c hasComponentElement^op value EconomicLaw^c
Sub-classes	FreeMarket^c

Economically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Economically

Description

''Economically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or theory or Procedure and specifies that the assertion modified is to be interpreted from the point of view of concern with economics macro or micro, including effects on output of goods and services, income, and effciency.

     Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'economically' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) economically - (with respect to economic science;
              'economically this proposal makes no sense')
           2. economically - (with respect to the economic system; 
              'economically the country is worse off')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Economics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Economics`
Description	The ''SocialScience'' concerned with the production and distribution of goods and services, and the money and transactions in which they are exchanged. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economics' in WordNet: 1. (3) economics, economic science, political economy - (the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management)`
Super-classes	SocialScience^c
Sub-classes	Finance^c

EconomicsDepartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EconomicsDepartment`
Description	A specialization of #$AcademicDepartment, instances of which conduct teaching and research in #$Economics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economics departent' in WordNet: 1. economics department, department of economics - (the academic department responsible for teaching and research in economics)`
Super-classes	AcademicDepartment^c
Restrictions	teaches^op value Economics^c

Economist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Economist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economist' in WordNet: 1. (4) economist, economic expert - (an expert in the science of economics)`
Super-classes	Expert^c Professional-Adult^c SocialScientist^c Person^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Economics^c practicesOccupation^op value Economist^c
Sub-classes	Econometrician^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanielKahneman

Economy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Economy`
Description	A Group consisting of all of the economic and business events that occur within some defined geographical area. NOTE that there is no restriction to require that all economic activities are included, and that they occur within some geographical area. It is also unclear how to relate activities outside a geographical area to companies headquartered in that geographical area. That will require a detailed specification of a specific meaning of 'Economy'. COSMO note: this includes any 'EconomicEvent' including natural events that can affect economic activity or cause economic loss, wars, discoveries, and inventions. Corresponds to FIBO 'economy': SKOS def; An economy consists of the production, distribution or trade, and consumption of limited goods and services by different economic actors in a given geographically distinct web of relationships. SKOS scope note: 'This may be a national economy (relating to a country); a regional economy, or the economy of a state or some other intra-national entity. It need not always be geographical in the strictest sense, for example Second Life has an economy. For the purposes of this model, it refers only to economies involving economic exchange i.e. not the broader sense used by evolutionary biologists etc.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economy' in WordNet: 1. (20) economy, economic system - (the system of production and distribution and consumption)
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (EconomicEvent^c or BusinessEvent^c or EconomicAction^c)
Sub-classes	NationalEconomy^c

Ecosystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecosystem`
Description	This is the collection of ecosystems. An ecosystem is a particular region in which organisms live, together with the interrelations between these organisms and the relations between these organisms and their physical environment. NOTE: there may be more than one ''Ecosystem'' in an ''EcologicalArea'', having different types of Organisms, or having a certain type of Organism living in different environments in the whole 'EcologicalArea'' In COSMO this is a Group that includes the type(s) of Organism in each specific defined system. For any given instance of a defined ''Ecosystem'', other relevant elements can also be specified by use of the ''hasComponentElement'' relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ecosystem' in WordNet: 1. ecosystem - (a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment)
Super-classes	System^c EcologicalArea^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some OrganismType^c

Ecru^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecru

Description

See also ''BeigeColor'' for the Color that is an attribute.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ecru' in WordNet:
           1. beige, ecru - (a very light brown)

Super-classes LightBrown^c

Ecstasy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecstasy`
Description	''Ecstasy'' is the most intense level of ''Joy'' and its subtypes ''Elation'' and ''Bliss''. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'ecstasy' in WordNet: 1. (4) ecstasy, rapture, transport, exaltation, raptus - (a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion; 'listening to sweet music in a perfect rapture'- Charles Dickens) 2. (3) ecstasy, rapture - (a state of elated bliss)`
Super-classes	Bliss^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Bliss^c

Ecstatic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecstatic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ecstatic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) ecstatic, enraptured, rapturous, rapt, rhapsodic - (feeling great rapture or delight)`
Super-classes	Happy^c

Ecumenical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ecumenical

Description

An attribute things or attributes that occur throughout the world (Earth) in many different places or among many different social groups.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ecumenical' in Wordnet:
           1. ecumenic, oecumenic, ecumenical, oecumenical - (concerned with
              promoting unity among churches or religions; 'ecumenical thinking'; 
              'ecumenical activities'; 'the ecumenical movement')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Edentate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Edentate`
Description	CYC 'Edentata': An order of mammals having only molars or no teeth at all. Examples are armadillos, anteaters, and sloths. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'edentate' in WordNet: 1. edentate - (primitive terrestrial mammal with few if any teeth; of tropical Central America and South America)`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c PlacentalMammal^c
Sub-classes	Sloth^c Armadillo^c

EdgeOnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdgeOnObject`
Description	This for the edges of PhysicalObjects, considering them as an Object in themselves. To be an ''EdgeOnObject'' a linear part has to be at the end a planar surface of some kind. CYC: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible, #$Path-Spatial, #$SpaceRegionLimit, and #$EdgeOnObject-Generic (qq.v.). The collection of all edges on tangible objects. For a two-dimensional object, its edges are its boundaries other than its corners. For a three-dimensional object, its edges are the outer portions of those extremities, excluding any corners (see #$Corner-2or3d), that are much more acute in cross-section in one direction than in most other directions at the same point. Some objects - e.g. spheres, hairs, round toothpicks, and typical burrs - have no edges. A discus has one, round, edge. A mountain ridge might have only a single edge. A rectangular lot of land has four edges. A solid polyhedron has six or more edges. To relate an object to its edges, use #$objectEdges. NOTE: this does not include surfaces, only line-like features. For surfaces at the outer limits of a PhysicalObject use 'SurfaceOnTangibleObject'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'edge' in WordNet: 1. (28) edge, border - (the boundary of a surface) 2. (6) edge - (a sharp side formed by the intersection of two surfaces of an object; 'he rounded the edges of the box')
Super-classes	PhysicalFeature^c PartOfanArtifact^c Path-Spatial^c EdgeOnObject-Generic^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Angular^c isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	OuterEdge^c KnifeEdge^c Curb^c

EdgeOnObject-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdgeOnObject-Generic`
Description	A specialization of both #$LinearThing and #$Path-Simple (qq.v.). The collection of all edges on spatial objects, tangible or intangible. A two-dimensional object's edges are its boundaries other than its corners. A three-dimensional object's edges are the edges of the object's surface boundaries. An object's corners are where one edge ends and another begins. See the specialization #$EdgeOnObject for some examples of edges on physical objects. To relate an object to its edges, use #$objectEdges. `BFO-snap: 'ObjectBoundary' has approximately the same meaning: BFO:`
Super-classes	Path-Simple^c LinearObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c
Sub-classes	EdgeOnObject^c

EdgeTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdgeTool`
Description	WN type''EdgeTool'' is for single-blade ctting devices with a sharpened edge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'edge tool' in WordNet: 1. edge tool - (any cutting tool with a sharp cutting edge (as a chisel or knife or plane or gouge))`
Super-classes	CuttingTool^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value FlatBlade^c
Sub-classes	Axe^c Scissors^c Knife^c Chisel^c

Edgewise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Edgewise

Description

'Edgewise' is the directional attribute that specifies that the narrow edge of a flat, ''PlanarObject'' is pointed in the direction of movement. The linguistic usage is broader, including an adverbial function.

       NOTE: this is represented as an ''attribute'' though linguistically it is
          usually used as an adverb, so it is also represented as
          a subtype of ''AdverbialModifier''.  This anomaly is due to the 'directional' 
          elements of COSMO being represented as attribute values - they seem to 
          do double duty in language.  Perhaps more distinctions are needed.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'edgewise' in WordNet:
          1. (1) edgeways, edgewise - (with the edge forward or on, by, or toward the edge;
              'he sawed the board edgeways'; 'held it edgewise')

Super-classes DirectionalAttributeValue^c
OrientationMeasure^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Edible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Edible`
Description	The AttributeValue ''Edible'' asserts that the subject thus characterized consists mostly of an ''EdibleStuff'', which may be solid or liquid; i.e. this is something that can be ingested (eaten or drunk), without direct harmful effect. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'edible' in WordNet: 1. edible, comestible, eatable - (suitable for use as food)`
Super-classes	SubstanceAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Potable^c

EdibleFat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdibleFat`
Description	Fats used in cooking - #$CookingOil, Butter, Shortening, Lard...This should be connected to #$EdibleOil and Fat somehow. This is notthe tissue type 'fat'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fat' in WordNet: 1. (2) fat - (a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); 'pizza has too much fat')`
Super-classes	FoodIngredientOnly^c FattySubstance^c Nutrient^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c
Sub-classes	Butter^c Blubber^c Lard^c

EdibleFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdibleFish`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Fish species that are commonly consumed by people (this is of course variable across cultures and individuals). See (#$MeatFn #$EdibleFish) for the stuff that's actually consumed.- Davis, April 28, 1998. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food fish' in WordNet: 1. food fish - (any fish used for food by human beings)`
Super-classes	Fish^c EdibleObject^c
Sub-classes	Swordfish^c Marlin^c Anchovy^c CodFish^c Herring^c Mackerel^c Trout^c Bass^c

EdibleFruit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdibleFruit`
Description	CYC: The collection of individual edible fruits, often eaten whole by people or used in cooking. Note that this is the common-sense notion of fruit, so tomatoes, olives, nuts, beans and other legumes are NOT #$EdibleFruit. For the more general and technical sense of 'fruiting body' use 'Fruit'.. `The 'substance' of which EdibleFruit consists is represented as 'FruitFood' in COSMO. COSMO note: EdibleFruits often are often sold with a small part of the stem still attached to the fruit. The stem is usually removed prior to eating the fruit. The stem is included as a part of an instance of 'EdibleFtuit'.`
Super-classes	Fruit^c FoodObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value FruitFood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c
Sub-classes	Cucumber^c Quince^c Pumpkin^c Muskmelon^c Pear^c Olive^c Lemon^c Prune^c Cherry^c Apple^c Fig^c Plum^c Raisin^c Orange^c Pomegranate^c Banana^c Avocado^c Grapefruit^c Apricot^c Tomato^c Peach^c Lime^c Grape^c Pineapple^c

EdibleNut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdibleNut`
Description	The edible inner part of a nut, not including the ''SeedHusk'' (shell). `CYC: The nuts that people typically eat. Commonsense, not botanical definition, so EdibleNut has specs like Peanut-TheSeed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nut' in WordNet: 1. (2) nut - (usually large hard-shelled seed)`
Super-classes	Nut-TheFruit^c Kernel^c PlantPart^c SolidFoodObject^c
Sub-classes	WalnutKernel^c Coconut^c Cashew-TheSeed^c PeanutKernel^c Chestnut^c AlmondKernel^c

EdibleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdibleObject`
Description	An EdibleObject is a solid organic object that can be 'eaten' which meams to be ingested by mouth, with or without chewing. This type may not be used frequently, even where applicable, but it can be used to differentiate inedible from edible organic objects.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c OrganicObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c
Sub-classes	Bean^c FoodObject^c Pill^c BambooShoot^c EdibleFish^c

EdibleStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EdibleStuff`
Description	COSMO note: redefined as strictly organic, so water and salts are excluded, but having water up to 80% as in meat and vegetation still allow a substance to be considered an 'OrganicSubstance'. For predominantly organic materials, use 'OrganicCompound'. Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each specialization of #$EdibleStuff is a type of partially tangible stuff which all normal instances of some specialization of #$Organism-Whole can consume and successfully metabolize a significant portion of any instance of, with or without resulting harm to themselves. This collection includes virtually all animal and vegetable matter, as well as salts, potable water, and instances of #$OralDrug. It does not necessarily include things that are ingested but not metabolized, such as the stones that birds swallow to aid in digestion, or dirt, paint chips, and coins ingested by children. The function #$EdibleByFn is used to specify the collections of edible stuff that are ingestible by all normal instances of certain specializations of #$Organism-Whole, including #$Person. Note that whether an edible substance _also_ has a detrimental effect if eaten is a separate question. Something can be both edible and poisonous.
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c
Sub-classes	DairyProduct^c Flour^c SugarFreeEdibleStuff^c Wheat-Foodstuff^c FruitAndVegetableFood^c SpicyTastingFood^c

Edification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Edification`
Description	''Edification'' is a form of ''Enlightenment'' that causes enables a Person to become more broadly aware of facts and ideas that that Person was unable to apprehend because of some ''ErroneousBelief''s) corrected by the ''Edification'' Event. `WN gloss calls this 'uplifting', interpreted here as a deeper degree of ''Enlightenment'', applied to a broader range of topics or subtopics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'edification' in WordNet: 1. edification, sophistication - (uplifting enlightenment)`
Super-classes	Enlightenment^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Enlightening^c hasComponentElement^op value Proposition^c
Sub-classes	Disenchantment^c

Editing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Editing`
Description	COSMO note: ''Editing' includes CYC 'TextEditing' and 'EditingOfCW' This is the Action of reviewing and making changes to a ConceptualWork where that is considered an ''ImprovementEvent''. The object modified is a ''ConceptualWork'' not jsut a ''PropositionalConceptualWork'' because fictional and artisitc works can also be edited by an ''Editor''. CYC ('TextEditing'): A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. Each instance of this collection is an act of editing some sort of #$TextualMaterial - which could be a text on a computer, or a tangible piece of writing. CYC ('EditingOfCW'): The collection of all cases in which a conceptual work is edited to create a modified work. The resulting work is generally the same, although certain concepts have been added, removed, or refined. Information structures for the complete work are different between the former and modified forms. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'edit' in WordNet: 1. (1) edit, redact - (prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting; 'Edit a book on lexical semantics'; 'she edited the letters of the politician so as to omit the most personal passages') WN noun 'editing': 1. editing, redaction - (putting something (as a literary work or a legislative bill) into acceptable form)
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c Correcting^c HumanActivity^c DeletingText^c ImprovementEvent^c Modification^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Critiquing^c hadObjectModified^op value ConceptualWork^c wasaPreparationFor^op value PublishingWrittenMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Proofreading^c InterpolatingaText^c Copyediting^c EditingAnElectronicDocument^c

EditingAnElectronicDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EditingAnElectronicDocument`
Description	A specialization of #$IBOCreation. Each instance of #$EditingAnElectronicDocument is an event in which an agent uses a computer to edit an electronic document, such as a text file (e.g., via word processing -- see #$WordProcessingProgram), a PowerPoint presentation, or a spreadsheet.
Super-classes	IBOCreation^c ComputerActivity^c Editing^c

Edition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Edition

Description

COSMO note: this is the abstract text, not the PhysicalObject. This is the Abstract text (which can include images) or recording or video of some ''ConceptualWork'' that is published as one variant of some general work, and may have some small differences from other 'Editions'' of the same ''ConceptualWork''. often one Edition is published at a specific time or time interval, but there may be multiple printings of the same edition, which should not differ from each other in conceptual content (perhaps may differ in typeface).

         Mostly this is for Book editions, but it can also be for versions or releases of
            software.  This cannot be used for physical objects, such as automobiles.

        Different 'editions' (i.e. issues or 'volumes') of a periodical that have different content 
          are represented by ''PeriodicalIssue''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'edition' in WordNet:
          2. (3) edition - (all of the identical copies of something offered to the public
              at the same time; 'the first edition appeared in 1920'; 'it was too late for 
              the morning edition'; 'they issued a limited edition of Bach recordings')

Super-classes PublishedMaterial^c
ConceptualWork^c
Version^c

Editor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Editor`
Description	A Person who edits a ''ConceptualWork'' (of ay kind, not just newspapers) with the goal of recognizing parts that can be improved and recommending changes that the ''Editor''considers improvents. See ''Editing'' for more detail about this Action. `An 'editor in chief' woud be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'editor' in WordNet: 1. (17) editor, editor in chief - (a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine))`
Super-classes	Person^c Professional-Adult^c MediaProfessional^c Expert^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value PropositionalConceptualWork^c performsAction^op value Editing^c

Editorial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Editorial

Description

''Editorial'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to an ''Editor'' or the type of work that an editor does.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'editorial' in Wordnet:
          2. editorial - (relating to or characteristic of an editor; 'editorial duties')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EditorialColumn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EditorialColumn`
Description	An ''EditorialColumn'' is a ''NewspaperColumn'' that is intended to represent the ''Opinion' of the writer, and is not presented as objective news. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'editorial' (not all 'columns' are Editrials) in WordNet: 1. (4) column, editorial, newspaper column - (an article giving opinions or perspectives)`
Super-classes	NewspaperColumn^c
Restrictions	wasAuthoredBy^op some Columnist^c

Editorialistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Editorialistic

Description

''Editorialistic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to an ''EditorialColumn'' or the type of opinions expressed in one.

    NOTE: the term ''Editorialistic'' is invented to avoid conflict with the 
      label ''Editorial''  pertaining editors.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'editorial' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) editorial - (of or relating to an article stating opinions or giving perspectives;
             'editorial column')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Educated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Educated

Description

''Educated'' is the attribute of a Person that has experienced a ''Educating'' Event.

        This term is usually used for those who have graduated from college,
         not just from high school.. Education beyond that point
         will be 'well educated'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'educated' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) educated - (possessing an education (especially 
            having more than average knowledge))

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
WellInformed^c

Educating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Educating`
Description	In CYC called 'Education' : CYC: A specialization of #$ServiceEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some #$Person receives some considerable quantity of knowledge which they did not have before. Any given #$Education event typically consists of many sub-events of #$Learning and #$Teaching. #$Education events differ from #$Training events in their typically longer duration, and in the fact that one may be 'trained' in practical skills rather than intellectual knowledge. NOTE: as a ServiceEvent, this is transitive and excludes self-education. For that, use 'Learning'. This corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'educate' in WordNet - CYC the distinction of 'education' and 'training' seems to be reflected in the WordNet sense distinctions, and sense 1 is the sense indicating education in more than one subject; noun sense 1 of 'education' is the nominal equivalent. in WordNet: 1. (7) educate - (give an education to; 'We must educate our youngsters better') WN 'education' 1. (34) education, instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity - (the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill; 'he received no formal education'; 'our instruction was carefully programmed'; 'good classroom teaching is seldom rewarded') WN 'educational program' 1. educational program - (a program for providing education)
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Learning^c hasSubEvent^op value Teaching^c produces^op value Education^c isPerformedBy^op value Educator^c
Sub-classes	ElementaryEducation^c Teaching^c Socializing-Adapting^c

Education^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Education`
Description	The Knowledge one gains by being educated. A Group of many bits of 'Knowledge' as well as some general skills at being able to acquire more knowledge, usually acquired by a formal process of 'Educating', though self-education is possible. `NOTE that 'Knowledge' and 'Education' are considered as composed of multiple individual facts, or pieces of knowledge, so the content of a full education can be considered 'Knowledge' as well as each of the component facts. enlighten, edify Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'education' in WordNet: 2. (10) education - (knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; 'it was clear that he had a very broad education')`
Super-classes	Group^c Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Knowledge^c isProducedByEventType^op value Learning^c
Sub-classes	Erudition^c Enlightenment^c

Educational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Educational

Description

''Educational'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Education'' or any activity or organization closely related education or associated aspects.

      NOTE: this is represented as a subAttribute of ''Informative'',
         which characterizes the Actions that assist in educating people,
         but may not be an appropriate attribute of buildings used for
         education or for educational organizations.
         Thus the Interpretation has some flexibility.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'educational' in WordNet:
          1. (6) educational - (relating to the process of education; 'educational psychology')
          2. (4) educational - (providing knowledge; 'an educational film')

Super-classes Informative^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

EducationalDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EducationalDegree`
Description	A specialization of #$Credential. Each instance of #$EducationalDegree is a credential conferred by some instance of #$EducationalOrganization on a student who has successfully completed a prescribed course of study there. #$EducationalDegree includes as instances high school, associate, baccalaureate, licensate, magisterial, professional, and doctoral degrees. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'degree' in WordNet: 3. (15) academic degree, degree - (an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study; 'he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude')`
Super-classes	Credential^c
Sub-classes	MastersDegree^c BachelorsDegree^c DoctoralDegree^c

EducationalOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EducationalOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$EducationalOrganization is an organization whose primary function is to provide teaching and/or training as a service for students. Instances of #$EducationalOrganization may be either public or private institutions. Instances of this collection include #$AustinISD (the #$CityOfAustinTX Independent School District), #$StanfordUniversity, #$BrynMawrCollege, #$UniversityOfPennsylvaniaSchoolOfMedicine, and many other institutions. `SUMO: A EducationalOrganization is an institution of learning. Some examples are public and private K-12 schools, and colleges and universities.`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Educational^c
Sub-classes	AcademicOrganization^c School^c SchoolDistrict^c Preschool^c

EducationalRank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EducationalRank`
Description	An ''EducationalRank'' is the formal ''Rank'' for students in a particular ''SchoolGrade''. This is a ''Status'' (a ''PersistentState'') and is not the actual people who 'perform' that ''Rank''.
Super-classes	Rank^c
Sub-classes	FirstGrade^c Kindergarten^c

EducationalSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EducationalSystem`
Description	A system of educational organizations that are controlled by a central administrative system (e.g. AISD, UT-System). `NOTE: as a 'FunctionalSystem', this must include some Objects ased as components of the system.`
Super-classes	Group^c FunctionalSystem^c AcademicOrganization^c
Sub-classes	UniversitySystem^c

Educator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Educator`
Description	A person whose main occupation is either to teach in some educational institution, or to teach teachers how to teach, or to perform research on how to teach, and to provide advice to Teachers or other educators. This specific sense is not clearly specified in WordNet. This differs from''Instructor'' in being restricted to teaching in educational institutions. `Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 1 of 'educator' in WordNet: 1. (9) educator, pedagogue, pedagog - (someone who educates young people)`
Super-classes	Instructor^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value TeachingAsAnOccupation^c isaComponentElementOf^op value EducationalSystem^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Educating^c
Sub-classes	AcademicProfessional^c Teacher^c SchoolHead^c

Eek^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eek`
Description	''Eek'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing fright at something that appears or is communicated.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

Eel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'eel' in WordNet: 2. eel - (voracious snakelike marine or freshwater fishes with smooth slimy usually scaleless skin and having a continuous vertical fin but no ventral fins)`
Super-classes	Fish^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value VentralFin^c

Eerie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eerie`
Description	`Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'eerie' (difference?) in Wordnet: 1. eerie - (suggestive of the supernatural; mysterious; 'an eerie feeling of deja vu') 2. eerie, eery - (inspiring a feeling of fear; strange and frightening; 'an uncomfortable and eerie stillness in the woods'; 'an eerie midnight howl')`
Super-classes	Strange^c
Sub-classes	Spooky^c

Eerily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eerily

Description

''Eerily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to assert that the thing characterized is ''Eerie''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'eerily' in WordNet:
         1. eerily, spookily - (in an unnatural eery manner; 'it was eerily quiet in the chapel')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Effect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Effect`
Description	A SituationProcessEventOrState that plays the Role of an Effect of something. This is an Event, Process, or State that occurs due to some other Event, which precedes the Effect and is a major cause of the Effect (is not merely an enabling condition). NOTE that sense 1 of 'outcome' (a final result of some event whose outcome was uncertain as between two or more prominent possibilities) is also included in this sense, but is also represented as the subtype 'Outcome'. The restriction requires that, for each instance of 'Effect' one needs to specify what it is the effect of. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'effect', sense 2 of 'outcome',sense 1 of 'consequence' and sense 1 of 'result' and part (a situation, not a material object) of sense 2 ''offspering' in WordNet: WN 'effect' 1. (612) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot - (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; 'the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise'; 'his decision had depressing consequences for business'; 'he acted very wise after the event') WN 'outcome': 1. (16) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio')
Super-classes	Event^c SituationRole^c
Restrictions	alwaysFollows^op only (Cause^c or Event^c or EventType^c or CausalEvent^c or Cause^c or EventType^c or Difference^c or DifferenceType^c) isCausedBy^op some (Cause^c or Event^c or EventType^c or CausalEvent^c or Cause^c or EventType^c or Difference^c or DifferenceType^c)
Sub-classes	EnsuingEvent^c PhysicalReaction^c UnintendedEffect^c Outgrowth^c Repercussion^c PhysiologicalEffect^c Aftermath^c Outcome^c Impact^c SmallReduction^c PossibleEffect^c Reaction^c

Effective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Effective`
Description	An attribute value that the thing thus characterized achieves its intended purpose to some satisafactory criterion. This does not mean that nothing could be more effective, just that some minimum criterion is reached. This can be an attribute of Devices or Methods or perhaps of arguments, or anything with a purpose. Something can be Strong and Effective at the same time - see 'Strong' and 'Powerful'. These attributes do not imply each other. NOTE that artifacts are designed with a purpose, and the default is that they can achieve that purpose. Unclear how one would apply this attribute to artifacts - more effective than others with the same purpose,or effective in some situations but not others? Methods may be more varied in effectiveness particularly for specific situations. Corresponds to senses 1 and 3 of 'effective' which are hard to distinguish in WordNet: 1. (30) effective, effectual, efficacious - (producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; 'an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation'- LewisMumford; 'effective teaching methods'; 'effective steps toward peace'; 'made an effective entrance'; 'his complaint proved to be effectual in bringing action'; 'an efficacious law') 3. (8) effective - (works well as a means or remedy; 'an effective reprimand'; 'a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat')
Super-classes	EffectivenessValue^c
Sub-classes	Powerful^c Potent^c Active-Effective^c Functional^c DoneWell^c Efficient^c Carcinogenic^c Far-Reaching^c

EffectiveDrugProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EffectiveDrugProduct`
Description	An ''EffectiveDrugProduct'' is a ''DrugProduct'' that has been proven effective.
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value TherapeuticallyEffective^c

EffectivenessValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EffectivenessValue`
Description	''EffectivenessValue'' is the parent for attribute values characterizing the degree to which something achieves its intended purpose; these values can be applied to (1) instances of actions that have some goal; (2) specifications for procedures, categorizing how well they accomplish their intended purpose; (3) efficacy of medical treatments (including regimens of drug substances, indicating how well they achieve the intended therapeutic effect. The subtypes can be qualitative values ('Effective', 'Ineffective') or quantitative values (% effectiveness); the latter can be used to characterize effectiveness of medical treatments. NOTE: #$Effectiveness in Cyc is an attribute only of the manner in which agents perform an action. It is broader in COSMO. This type includes both meanings of 'Effectiveness' in WordNet: 1. (11) effectiveness, effectivity, effectualness, effectuality - (power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an effect)
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Efficacy^c Cost-Effective^c Ineffectual^c Ineffective^c Effective^c High-Performance^c PercentEffectiveness^c

Effeminate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Effeminate`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'effeminate' in Wordnet: 1. effeminate, emasculate, epicene, cissy, sissified, sissyish, sissy - (having unsuitable feminine qualities)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Effervescent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Effervescent

Description

''Effervescent'' is an Attribute of a ''LiquidSubstance'' that emits bubbles spontaneously, usually of ''Carbon"dioxide'' but possibly of other gases such as air, if pressure is released.

     NOTE: Entry ''Frothy'' differs from 'Effervescent''in that ''Frothy'' 
       characterizes outdoor ''BodyOfWater'' with the froth
       due to water agitation,,whereas 'Effervescent'' refers 
       to water in containers in which the bubles are internally
       generated by chemical process or contained gas release.

       Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'effervescent' in Wordnet:
         1. sparkling, effervescent - (used of wines and waters; 
            charged naturally or artificially with carbon dioxide; 'sparkling wines'; 
            'sparkling water')
         2. effervescent - ((of a liquid) giving off bubbles)
       WN adj ''bubbly':
         1. bubbling, bubbly, foaming, foamy, frothy, effervescing -
           (emitting or filled with bubbles as from carbonation or fermentation;
           'bubbling champagne'; 'foamy (or frothy) beer')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Effervescing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Effervescing`
Description	''Effervescing'' is the action of a liquid that emits many tiny bubbles into the air above. The bubbles may be of any gas; commonly it is carbon dioxide for 'sparkling' beverages, but for surf waves it may be trapped air forming bubbles while under water. Liquid containing a substance that can act as a surfactant can emit bubbles that collect as a 'foam' at the top of the liquid - as in Beer. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'effervesce' in WordNet: 1. foam, froth, fizz, effervesce, sparkle - (form bubbles; 'The boiling soup was frothing'; 'The river was foaming'; 'Sparkling water')`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Gas^c hasEndingPlace^op value AmbientAirObject^c hasStartingPlace^op value LiquidObject^c

Efficacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Efficacy`
Description	''Efficacy'' is a general attribute that take values indicating how well an Object or Action performs its intended function or purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'efficacy' in WordNet: 1. (6) efficacy, efficaciousness - (capacity or power to produce a desired effect; 'concern about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine')`
Super-classes	EffectivenessValue^c Capability^c
Sub-classes	Potency^c

EfficiencyPercentage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EfficiencyPercentage

Description

The ratio, expressed as a percentage, of useful output to input in a system or process. For some devices, the assumed 100% would be a conversion of one form of energy (e.g. electrical) to another for (e.g. mechanical) without loss of energy 'The motor operated at 75% efficiency'.

      This is a technical quantitative term, not representing the 'efficiency' of people
        performing their tasks.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'efficiency' in Wordnet:
            1. (13) efficiency - (the ratio of the output to the input of any system)

Super-classes PercentageAttributeValue^c

EfficiencyValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EfficiencyValue`
Description	An ''EfficiencyValue'' is a quantitative ratio of an output of some product to the input of some resource required to produce that product. There may be more than one resource required, and each would have a different ''EfficiencyValue''. The resources can be of many types - person-hours of labor, monetary cost, quantities of objects or substances. The actual linguistic expression of efficiency may invert the numerator form output to input, in which case an inrease in that 'efficiency' would be a decrease in that numerical value: 'The efficiency of production increased from twenty dollars per ton to fifteen dollars' is equivalent to 'The cost of production decreased from twenty dollars per ton to fifteen dollars' `This is a technical quantitative term, not representing the 'efficiency' of people performing their tasks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'efficiency' in Wordnet: 1. (13) efficiency - (the ratio of the output to the input of any system)`
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c RatioQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op some ResourceRatio^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoTonsPerPersonHour

Efficient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Efficient

Description

''Efficient'' is a more intense form of being 'Effective'', being an ability to accomplish a task using less than average time, money, or resources. This can be appied to people, procedures, or devices.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'efficient' in WordNet:
          1. (11) efficient - (being effective without wasting time or effort or expense;
            'an efficient production manager'; 'efficient engines save gas')

Super-classes Effective^c

Efficiently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Efficiently

Description

''Efficiently'' is an AdverbialModifier for actions that specifies that the action was performed in an ''Efficient'' manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'efficiently' in WordNet:
         1. (2) efficiently, expeditiously, with efficiency - 
              (in an efficient manner; 'he functions efficiently')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Effortful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Effortful`
Description	This sense of ''Effortful'' characterizes an ''Obligation'' or ''Task'' (some work to be performed) that requires more than a few minutes of time or more than a small amount of ''ExertingEffort'' to accomplish. Tasks imposing a non-trivial psychological concern or requiring significantly more working time are characterized as the subtype ''Onerous'' (for imposing a psychological burden) or ''Arduous'' (for requiring substantial physical effort). `NOTE: the WN gloss suggests a requirement for 'great effort' but this type only implies some non-trivial effort, and does not necessarily imply an effort that is either strenuous or very time-consuming; that sense is for the subtypes ''Onerous''.or ''Arduous''. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'effortful' in Wordnet: 1. effortful - (requiring great physical effort)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Onerous^c Arduous^c

Effortless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Effortless`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'effortless' in Wordnet: 1. (1) effortless - (requiring or apparently requiring no effort; 'the swallows glided in an effortless way through the busy air')`
Super-classes	EasyToDo^c

Effortlessly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Effortlessly

Description

''Effortlessly'' is the adverbial formof 'effortless'.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'effortlessly' in WordNet:
          1. (1) effortlessly - (without effort or apparent effort; 'she danced gracefully and effortlessly'; "swallows gliding effortlessly through the air")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Egalitarian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egalitarian

Description

''Egalitarian'' is an attribute pertaining to the

      Corresponds to adjecive sense 1 of 'egalitarian' in WordNet:
        1. classless, egalitarian - (favoring social equality; 'a classless society')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Egalitarianism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egalitarianism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'egalitarianism' in WordNet: 1. (2) egalitarianism, equalitarianism - (the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Philosophy^c

Egg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egg`
Description	SUMO: The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody of an Animal. This includes Bird and Reptile eggs, as well as mammalian ova. NOTE that this is not classed as a 'body part' because it is more commonly thought of as existing outside the body, though produced there. Includes senses 1 and part of sense 2 of 'egg' in Wordnet; sense 2 is included because a single egg is not a 'food' substance, though it is a FoodObject; for the Food 'eggs' use 'Egg-Foodstuff'. in WordNet: 1. (19) egg - (animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds) 2. (1) egg, eggs - (oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food)
Super-classes	ReproductiveBody^c ConvexTangibleObject^c AnimalBLO^c
Sub-classes	FishEgg^c BoiledEgg^c BirdsEgg^c

Egg-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egg-Foodstuff`
Description	The edible portion of a bird's egg, considered as a food substance. This includes the whites and the yolk, together or separately. `Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'egg' and sense 1 of 'eggs' in WordNet, being the edible (non-shell) part of a bird's egg: in WordNet: 2. (1) egg, eggs - (oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food)`
Super-classes	Food^c BreakfastFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BirdsEgg^c
Sub-classes	EggWhiteStuff^c EggYolkStuff^c ScrambledEggs^c

EggShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EggShaped

Description

'EggShaped' is a subtype of 'Ovoidal' (subtype of ''Ellipsoidal''), being the three-dimensional shape attribute of a 'BirdsEgg', i.e. an 'Ovoid' that is wider at one end than at the other. This is specifically intended to specify the shape of the surface of a hen's egg. It can be visualized as half of a sphere fused to half of an 'Ovoid'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'egg-shaped' in Wordnet:
           1. egg-shaped, elliptic, elliptical, oval, oval-shaped, ovate, oviform, ovoid, prolate -- (rounded like an egg)

Super-classes Ovoidal^c

EggShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EggShell`
Description	The hard shell of most eggs. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'shell' in WordNet: 5. shell, eggshell - (the exterior covering of a bird's egg)`
Super-classes	Shell^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Egg^c isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value BirdsEgg^c

EggWhite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EggWhite`
Description	An ''EggWhite'' is the object consisting of the ''Egg whites in one ''BirdsEgg'', a ''PhysicalObject'' (not the substance). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'egg white' in Wordnet: 1. egg white, white, albumen, ovalbumin - (the white part of an egg; the nutritive and protective gelatinous substance surrounding the yolk consisting mainly of albumin dissolved in water; 'she separated the whites from the yolks of several eggs')`
Super-classes	Ovoid^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Albumen^c hasShape^op value Ovoidal^c hasColor^op value White^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gelatinous^c isanInternalPartOf^op value BirdsEgg^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value EggWhiteStuff^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value EggWhiteStuff^c

EggWhiteStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EggWhiteStuff`
Description	The substance comprising the 'whites' portion of a bird's egg, (disjoint with the 'yolk'), considered as a food substance. Contains egg albumin. Used mostly in preparing foods, but also for other purposes. `NOTE that the label 'egg whites' indicates this is a substance, not an object.`
Super-classes	Egg-Foodstuff^c AqueousSolution^c
Restrictions	isTheMainConstituentSubstanceOf^op value EggWhite^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Albumen^c

EggYolkStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EggYolkStuff`
Description	The subsance comprising the 'yolk' portion of a bird's egg, (disjoint with the 'yolk'), considered as a food substance. Contains egg albumin. Used mostly in preparing foods, but also for other purposes.
Super-classes	Egg-Foodstuff^c

Eggplant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eggplant`
Description	`1. (1) eggplant, aubergine, mad apple - (egg-shaped vegetable having a shiny skin typically dark purple but occasionally white or yellow)`
Super-classes	Tuber^c SolidFoodObject^c SolanaceousVegetable^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c isDerivedFrom^op value EggplantPlant^c hasShape^op value EggShaped^c

EggplantBush^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EggplantBush

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eggplant bush' in WordNet:
         1. eggplant, aubergine, brinjal, eggplant bush, garden egg, mad apple, Solanum melongena - 
            (hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated
            for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable)

Super-classes Plant-NonWoody^c
HerbPlant^c

EggplantPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EggplantPlant`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eggplant' in WordNet: 2. eggplant, aubergine, brinjal, eggplant bush, garden egg, mad apple, Solanum melongena - (hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable)
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c Species^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Eggplant^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c hasShape^op value EggShaped^c

Ego^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ego`
Description	''Ego'' is the part of 'Consciousness' in which a Person is aware of her/his own identity. Contrasts with 'id'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ego' in WordNet: 2. (1) self, ego - (your consciousness of your own identity)`
Super-classes	NormalOrganismCondition^c MentalState^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some Consciousness^c

Egotism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egotism`
Description	''Egotism'' is an unwarranted and excessive ''Self-Esteem'. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'egotism' in WordNet: 1. (2) egotism, self-importance, swelled head - (an exaggerated opinion of your own importance) 2. ego, egotism, self-importance - (an inflated feeling of pride in your superiority to others) WN noun 'conceitedness': 1. conceit, conceitedness, vanity - (the trait of being unduly vain and conceited)`
Super-classes	Self-Esteem^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Egotist^c

Egotist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egotist`
Description	An ''Egotist''' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'egotist' in WordNet: 1. (3) egotist, egoist, swellhead - (a conceited and self-centered person)`
Super-classes	DisagreeablePerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Egotism^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SelfCentered^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conceited^c
Sub-classes	Braggart^c

Egregious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egregious

Description

''Egregious'' is an AttributeValue of behavior that is conspicuously bad.

    'flagrant abuse of authority'; 
     Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'egregious' in WordNet:
       1. crying, egregious, flagrant, glaring, gross, rank - 
          (conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible; 
          'a crying shame'; 'an egregious lie'; 'flagrant violation of human rights'; 
          'a glaring error'; 'gross ineptitude'; 'gross injustice'; 'rank treachery')

Super-classes Bad^c
Excessive^c

Egret^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egret`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'egret' in WordNet: 1. egret - (any of various usually white herons having long plumes during breeding season)`
Super-classes	Heron^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value White^c

Egyptian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egyptian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Egyptian' in Wordnet: 1. Egyptian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Egypt or its people or their language)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

EgyptianArchitecturalStyle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EgyptianArchitecturalStyle`
Description	This type is for a structure in the achitectural style of Ancient Egypt. `The #$EgyptianArchitecturalStyle is a style of building design developed in #$AncientEgypt for thousands of years, and it was ocassionally revived in the 17th through 20th Centuries in locations around the world. It is characterized by the use of carvings or other decorations with Egyptian-style motifs, symmetric arrangements of lotus-columns, massive forms with slanted walls or pyramids, or obelisks, and a lack of pediments or other Greek and Roman style details.`
Super-classes	ConstructionArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Obelisk^c

EgyptianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EgyptianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Egyptian' in WordNet: 1. Egyptian - (a native or inhabitant of Egypt)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Egypt^c

Eight-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eight-Year-Old`
Description	''Eight-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are eight years old, i.e. were created or born eight years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

EightChocolateBars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightChocolateBars`
Description	A ''EightChocolateBars'' is a ''QuantityOfSomething'' in which the 'quantity' is Eight and the something is a ''ChocolateBar''.
Super-classes	QuantityOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ChocolateBar^c

EightPackOfChocolateBars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightPackOfChocolateBars`
Description	A ''EightPackOfChocolateBars'' is a ''PackOfChocolateBars'' having a plastic wrapping and Eight 'ChocolateBar''s in it. Different numbers can be specified using a different cardinality value.
Super-classes	PackOfChocolateBars^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 8

EightYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightYears^c

Eighteenth-century^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eighteenth-century`
Description	Pertaining to ''The1700s'' (the 'eighteenth Century') eighteenth-century
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

EighthNote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EighthNote`
Description	An ''EighthNote'' is a ''MusicalNote'' that lasts for one-eighth of the time of a full note duration, at the tempo of the piece being played.' `NOTE: Wn does not appear to distinguish between the note as a sound and the notation, referred to by the same terms. The same synset is used in COSMO to point to the WN terms labelling both concepts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eighth note' in WordNet: 1. eighth note, quaver - (a musical note having the time value of an eighth of a whole note)`
Super-classes	MusicalNote^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op value Quaver^c

Einsteinium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Einsteinium

Description

CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Einsteinium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'einsteinium' in WordNet:
          1. einsteinium, Es, E, atomic number 99 - 
             (a radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

EitherOrChoice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EitherOrChoice`
Description	An ''EitherOrChoice'' is a ''SelectingBetween'' where the list of alternatives to choose has only two possibilities. No real difference from parent?
Super-classes	SelectingBetween^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Binary^c

Ejaculating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ejaculating`
Description	CYC: The collection of ejaculation events. In an individual event in this collection #$Semen passes through the #$Urethra from the #$Prostate out of the body transiting the #$CorpusSpongiosum (which would normally be engorged with blood for this process), the #$GlansPenis, and therefore the length of the #$Penis. This is a normal subevent (see #$subEvents) of #$SexualCopulation. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'ejaculate' in WordNet: 2. ejaculate - (eject semen)`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c PhysiologicalProcess^c InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Semen^c

Elaborate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elaborate

Description

''Elaborate'' is the attribute of objects or Events that have a lot of interacting details.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elaborate' in Wordnet:
          1. (9) elaborate, luxuriant - (marked by complexity and richness of detail;
             'an elaborate lace pattern')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Elaborating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elaborating`
Description	''Elaborating' is an ''Expansion'' in the size of some ''InformationObject'' by adding details. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'elaborate' in Wordnet: 1. (7) elaborate, lucubrate, expatiate, exposit, enlarge, flesh out, expand, expound, dilate - (add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing; 'She elaborated on the main ideas in her dissertation') WN noun 'elaboration': 1. (2) amplification, elaboration - (addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail; 'a few remarks added in amplification and defense'; 'an elaboration of the sketch followed')
Super-classes	Expanding^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op value Detail^c

Elasmobranch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elasmobranch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elasmobranch' in WordNet: 1. elasmobranch, selachian - (any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates)`
Super-classes	MarineOrganism^c CartilaginousFish^c
Sub-classes	Ray^c

Elastic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elastic`
Description	CYC: has greater than Inelastic Elasticity. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elastic' in WordNet: 1. (5) elastic - (capable of resuming original shape after stretching or compression; springy; 'an elastic band'; 'a youthful and elastic walk') WN adj 'stretchable': 1. stretchable, stretchy - (capable of being easily stretched and resuming former size or shape)`
Super-classes	Flexible^c
Sub-classes	Resilient^c

ElasticObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElasticObject`
Description	An Object that is stretchable and springs back.
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elastic^c
Sub-classes	RubberStrip^c Spring-Device^c

Elasticity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elasticity`
Description	''Elasticity'' is an AttributeType that represents the state of something that can be stretched and then recover its original length. NOTE: thus type conflates two distinguishable senses: (1) the quality of being elastic - having attribute ' Elastic' The WN gloss suggest this as the WN sense. (2) the property (like 'color' or 'length') that can take specific values that differ, from lesser ('inelastic') to greater degrees of elasticity. These two should be separated whe needed. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Elasticity is a specific ability of a physical material to quickly and completely return to its original shape after deformation that does not induce breakage, without permanent change to its original dimensions. For example, billiard balls have a high degree of elasticity in this sense. Elasticities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$elasticityOfObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elasticity' in WordNet: 1. (3) elasticity, snap - (the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed; 'the waistband had lost its snap')
Super-classes	Flexibility^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op value Elastic^c isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo^op value ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Elastic^c
Sub-classes	Resilience^c

ElatingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElatingaPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'elate' in WordNet: 1. (1) elate, lift up, uplift, pick up, intoxicate - (fill with high spirits; fill with optimism; 'Music can uplift your spirits')`
Super-classes	StimulatingaFeeling^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Elation^c
Sub-classes	ExhilaratingEvent^c

Elation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elation`
Description	More intense than just being ''Happy'' `stimulate, shake, shake up, Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'elation' in WordNet: 1. (1) elation - (an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression) 2. (1) elation, high spirits, lightness - (a feeling of joy and pride)`
Super-classes	Pride^c Joy^c
Sub-classes	Euphoria^c Bliss^c

Elbow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elbow

Description

The joint where the arm bends.

    SUMO: The joint in the Arm connecting the forearm and the 
      upper arm.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elbow' in WordNet:
        1. (9) elbow, elbow joint, human elbow, cubitus, cubital joint, 
          articulatio cubiti - (hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm 
          and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped)

Super-classes Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c
ExternalAnatomicalPart^c

Elder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elder

Description

An ''Elder'' is an ''HumanAdult'' who is older than the Person of reference.

       People already old are not usually considered to have ''Elder''s, as that
       term is used in this sense mostly in talking to children,
       as in 'Mind your elders.'

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elder' in WordNet:
           1. (3) elder, senior - (a person who is older than you are)

Super-classes HumanAdult^c

Elderly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elderly`
Description	''Elderly'' is a term meaning ''Old'' but applied to humans,where it has a specific meaning - 65 years or older. `For the simple comparative that does not include the notion of 'being old' use ''Older''. Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'aged' in WordNet: 1. (11) aged, elderly, older, senior - (advanced in years; ('aged' is pronounced as two syllables); 'aged members of the society'; 'elderly residents could remember the construction of the first skyscraper'; 'senior citizen')`
Super-classes	Older^c
Sub-classes	Venerable^c

Eldest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eldest

Description

An ''Eldest'' ''SonOrDaughter'' is a ''Child'' who is was the first born ('firstborn') of all chidren or of children of its sex, from the same two parents. In some cultures this is a relevant factor in determining certain rights, such as inheritance of property or titles of nobility.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eldest' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) firstborn, eldest - (first in order of birth; 'the firstborn child')

Super-classes Older^c

EldestSon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EldestSon`
Description	A ''EldestSon'' is the ''Eldest'' ''Son'' of some Person, being first of his sex born, before any other son of that Person. In some cultures the '''EldestSon'' has preferred rights, such as rights of inheritance of property or titles of nobility. `The ''EldestSon'' ''hasRight'' ''Primogeniture'', but only in cultures where that Right exists and is enforced.`
Super-classes	Son^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Eldest^c hasRight^op value Primogeniture^c

Elected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elected`
Description	''Elected'' is the attribute of an ''Electee'', who was election in some ''Election'
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Computed^c ReElected^c

ElectedOfficial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectedOfficial`
Description	CYC: The collection of all public officals [#$PublicOfficial] in positions normally filled by election. Occasionaly such offices can be filled by appointment or succession (e.g., when the previous office holder retires or dies) or by ''stealing the election''. Such office holders are still considered instances of this collection. [This condition allows collections such as #$USSenator or #$UnitedStatesPresident to be specs of #$ElectedOfficial.]. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elected official' in WordNet: 1. elected official - (official who won the office in a free election)`
Super-classes	Politician^c Electee^c Delegate^c PublicOfficial^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RepresentingaConstituency^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elected^c
Sub-classes	Mayor^c UnitedStatesPresident^c USRepresentative^c USStateGovernor^c USSenator^c

Electee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electee`
Description	An 'Electee' is a Person chosen as the result of an 'Election', and both the Object and Subject (patient) of ''BecomingElected''. This is for an ''Election'' that fills some office (not an election that chooses a policy, which would be a BallotInitiative). `There is no corresponding word in WordNet:`
Super-classes	Choice^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op some ElectingSomeone^c
Sub-classes	ElectedOfficial^c PresidentElect^c

ElectingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectingSomeone`
Description	'ElectingSomeone'' is the subevent that is the result of an ''Election'' in which the Person selected (the ''Electee'') is determined. This is a transitive action performed by the electorate of the election dsctrict. `Corresponds to WN Verb 'elect': in WordNet: 1. (21) elect - (select by a vote for an office or membership; 'We elected him chairman of the board') WN 'vote in': 1. (1) vote in - (elect in a voting process; 'They voted in Clinton')`
Super-classes	Deciding-Collectively^c SelectingAmong^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Electorate^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Electee^c hasDirectObject^op value Electee^c isaSubEventOf^op some Election^c patientAssumesRole^op value Electee^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Elected^c hasResult^op value Electee^c
Sub-classes	ElectingaPresidentOfUSA^c ElectingaGovernor^c ReElectingSomeone^c ElectingaMember^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectingArnold http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClintonIsElectedPresidentIn1992

ElectingaGovernor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectingaGovernor`
Description	A ''ElectingaGovernor'' is a subevent of a ''GubernatorialElection'' representing the final result of who is elected.
Super-classes	ElectingSomeone^c RecurringAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gubernatorial^c isaSubEventOf^op value GubernatorialElection^c

ElectingaMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectingaMember`
Description	'ElectingaMember'' is an ''ElectingSomeone'' to become a member of a GroupOfPeople or Organization. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'co-opt' in Wordnet: 1. (1) co-opt - (choose or elect as a fellow member or colleague; 'The church members co-opted individuals from similar backgrounds to replenish the congregation')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c ElectingSomeone^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Member^c hasDirectObject^op value Person^c

ElectingaPresidentOfUSA^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectingaPresidentOfUSA`
Description	''ElectingaPresidentOfUSA'' is an 'ElectingSomeone'' where the Person elected becomes President `Corresponds to WN Verb 'elect': in WordNet: 1. (21) elect - (select by a vote for an office or membership; 'We elected him chairman of the board') WN 'vote in': 1. (1) vote in - (elect in a voting process; 'They voted in Clinton')`
Super-classes	ElectingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some ElectionOfaUSPresident^c hadObjectCreated^op some UnitedStatesPresident^c

Election^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Election`
Description	''Election'' is the Event in which people choose someone for some function. This includes all the subevents that lead up to the result. For the specific Action of selecting the winner (where the direct object is the ''Electee'') where the winner is specifically referenced, use ''ElectingSomeone''. CYC: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$Vote-CollectiveDecision and #$Competition. Each instance of #$Election is an event in which members of an #$Organization cast votes to determine who, out of a group of candidates, will hold some position in that organization. Important specializations of this collection include #$ElectionForOffice and #$PrimaryElection. See also #$BallotInitiative (which is disjoint with #$Election). SUMO: Election is the class of events conducted by an organization (which may be small and informal), in which qualified participants vote for officers, adopt resolutions, or settle other issues in that Organization. This Event includes instances of 'Voting' and may ionclude other subevents, such as preparations and administration of the voting process, and counting and publishing the results. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'election' and verb sense 1 of 'elect' and verb sense 1 of 'vote in' in WordNet: 1. (67) election - (a vote to select the winner of a position or political office; 'the results of the election will be announced tonight')
Super-classes	DecidingByVote^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ElectingSomeone^c
Sub-classes	GubernatorialElection^c ElectionOfaUSPresident^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaliforniaRecallElection2003

ElectionDistrict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectionDistrict`
Description	A ''Precinct'' is a ''CityArea'' with borders defined `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'election district' in WordNet: 1. voting precinct, election district - (one of several districts into which a city or town is divided for voting; each contains one polling place)`
Super-classes	Precinct^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Voting^c isUsedInAction^op value Election^c

ElectionOfaUSPresident^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectionOfaUSPresident`
Description	An Election to decide who will be the President of the United States of America.
Super-classes	RecurringAction^c Election^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesOfAmerica^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#The1992US_PresidentialElection

Elective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elective

Description

''Elective'' is the attribute of the position held by an ''Electee''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elective' in Wordnet:
          1. elective, elected - (subject to popular election; 'elective official')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ElectiveOffice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectiveOffice`
Description	''ElectiveOffice'' is an ''OfficialPower'' (an 'office') attained by being elected.
Super-classes	OfficialPower^c
Restrictions	isPossessedBy^op value ElectedOfficial^c

Electoral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electoral

Description

''Electoral'' is the attribute of something that pertains to an ''Election'' or the act of ''ElectingSomeone''.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'electoral' in WordNet:
        1. (11) electoral - (of or relating to elections; 'electoral process')
        2. electoral - (relating to or composed of electors; 'electoral college')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ElectoralCandidate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectoralCandidate`
Description	NOTE that an electoral candidate need not be a 'nominee' of a political party. That is a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candidate' in Wordnet: 1. (20) campaigner, candidate - (a politician who is running for public office)`
Super-classes	Politician^c Candidate^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Choices^c
Sub-classes	Nominee^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeorgeHWBush

ElectoralDistrict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectoralDistrict`
Description	An ''ElectoralDistrict''is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' that is represented by some ''ElectedOfficial''
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value Constituency^c

Electorate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electorate`
Description	An ''Electorate'' is a ''ElectoralDistrict'' that is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that live in some ''ElectoralDistrict''and are represented by some ''ElectedOfficial'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electorate' in WordNet: 1. electorate - (the body of enfranchised citizens; those qualified to vote)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Voter^c residesIn^op value ElectoralDistrict^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaliforniaElectorate

Electric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electric

Description

An attribute value that has several senses, depending on the type of thing it modifies. This is the aggregate of all senses - 'of, pertaining to, using, consisting of electricity of electrically charged particles'

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'electric' in WordNet:
     1. (16) electric, electrical - (using or providing or producing or
        transmitting or operated by electricity; 'electric current';
        'electric wiring'; 'electrical appliances'; 'an electrical storm')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ElectricAutomobile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricAutomobile`
Description	An ''ElectricAutomobile'' is is an ''Automobile'' uses one or more ''Battery''s as the source of motive power, in contrast to the ''FuelPoweredAutomobile''s that have an ''InternalCombustionEngine''. The ''ElectricAutomobile'' is becoming increasingly in demand as a means of reducing 'carbond dioxide emissions'' that are causing ''AnthropogenicGlobalWarming''.
Super-classes	InternalCombustionPoweredDevice^c Automobile^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value InternalCombustionEngine^c

ElectricChandelier^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricChandelier

Description

NOTE: this is an ''ElectricChandelier'. For the non-electric (candles or gas), use the parent ''Chandelier''.

         Corresponds to part (for electric fixtures) of noun sense 1 of 'chandelier' in WordNet:
           1. (3) chandelier, pendant, pendent - 
              (branched lighting fixture; often ornate; hangs from the ceiling)

Super-classes Chandelier^c
ElectricLightFixture^c

ElectricCircuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricCircuit`
Description	An ''ElectricCircuit'' is a ''Path'' within some electrical device, along and around which a current of electrons can move, typically for the purpose of performing a useful function. This can be a circuit in a house,or a device, or over a longer distance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electric circuit' in WordNet: 1. (4) circuit, electrical circuit, electric circuit - (an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow)`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c ElectricalConnection^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Sub-classes	ElectronicCircuit^c

ElectricCircuitGap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricCircuitGap`
Description	An ''ElectricCircuitGap'' is a non-conductive ''Opening'' between two parts of an ''ElectricCircuit'' such that a current of electricity cannot flow between the parts. This is connected to an electric circuit, but because it cannot support current flow cannot be considered part of the circuit.
Super-classes	Opening^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ElectricallyNonconductive^c isConnectedTo^op value ElectricCircuit^c

ElectricCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricCurrent`
Description	A FunctionalProcess during which electrons or other charged particles flow - usually through a conductor, but sometimes via a gap in space. The conductor can be a metal, a solution, or the air (as in a lightning discharge) NOTE that simple linear moving things like currents are represented as FunctionalProcesses, even though they have some of the character of a DynamicObject. A current of water is not an instance of DynamicObject. This distinction is not entirely arbitrary; a linear current has a flow rate as one of its salient characteristics, and that is represented as a time derivative, which is one salient characteristic of a FunctionalProcess. A DymanicObject will exhibit salient characteristics beyond a simple linear flow, as in the case of a tornado which moves up, down, and sideways as well as in a circle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'current' and part of sense 1 of 'electricity' in WordNet: 1. (12) current, electric current - (a flow of electricity through a conductor; 'the current was measured in amperes') WN noun 'electricity': 1. (8) electricity - (a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons)
Super-classes	PhysicalProcess^c
Restrictions	isMeasuredBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#amps^c hasResult^op value Electricity^c
Sub-classes	LightningCurrent^c AlternatingCurrent^c CircuitCurrent^c Overload^c

ElectricCurrentTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricCurrentTransmission`
Description	''ElectricCurrentTransmission'' is a ''PowerTransmission'' in which the power comes from an electric current,and the voltage difference that drives the current. `This includes large amounts of current transmitted by large outdoor ''PowerTransmissionLine''s as well as very small aounts of power transmitted by the submicron circuits within an integrated circuit chip.`
Super-classes	PowerTransmission^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value ElectricCurrent^c isPerformedBy^op value ElectricalDevice^c

ElectricLamp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricLamp`
Description	CYC: The collection for all kinds of freestanding (easily moveable) electrical lamps. A lamp is a piece of Furniture, i.e. it is not a fixture. It may be a desk or floor lamp, but onverhead lights in the ceiling or wall fixtures are not 'Lamp's. Every 'lamp' is a Portableobject, i.e. it can be carried in one hand (by a male adult, at least). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lamp' and part of sense ofo 'light' in WordNet: 2. (2) lamp - (a piece of furniture holding one or more electric light bulbs) WN 'light': 2. (23) light, light source - (any device serving as a source of illumination; 'he stopped the car and turned off the lights')`
Super-classes	ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c PortableObject^c
Sub-classes	DeskLamp^c

ElectricLightFixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricLightFixture`
Description	A fixture that gives off light. COSMO note: The SUMO definition, not requiring the light to be fixed to a structure, is satisfied by the 'LightingDevice' Type. This Type is more specific, for (more or less) permanently installed fixtures designed to give light, such as a chandelier attached to the ceiling or a wall light.. NOTE that a fixture is a 'Protrusion' from a wall or ceiling, or floor. The relation specifies that the Fastener (connector) used is typically a Screw. `Cyc: Light fixtures are lights that are permanently attached as parts of rooms or buildings. e.g. Flourescent light fixtures in office building ceilings. SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is to be a source of visible light.`
Super-classes	LightFixture^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c ElectricalLightingDevice^c Protrusion^c
Sub-classes	ElectricChandelier^c

ElectricPowerGrid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricPowerGrid`
Description	A specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact and #$SpatialPathSystem. Each instance of #$ElectricPowerGrid is an electrical power supply system dedicated to satisfying the electrical power requirements of a population center which may be a #$City or a similar agglomeration of #$HumanOccupationConstructs. Paths within instances of #$ElectricPowerGrid will ordinarily be instances of #$ElectricalConduit. Power grids also will ordinarily include transformers (see #$TransformerSubstation), generators (see #$ElectricalGenerator), instances of #$ElectricalTerminal, and stations for monitoring the overall stability of the grid. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power grid' in WordNet: 1. power system, power grid, grid - (a system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region)`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c WiringSystem^c InfrastructureProduct^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ElectricCurrentTransmission^c hasComponentObjectType^op min 3

ElectricSensor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricSensor`
Description	An ''ElectricSensor'' is a ''SensorDevice'' that detects some phenomenon and outputs an electrical signal that can be interpreted by people or other devices.
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c SensorDevice^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	canEmit^op value ElectricalSignal^c
Sub-classes	Microphone^c

ElectricalCharge^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalCharge

Description

'ElectricalCharge' is a property possessed by some subatomic particles as well as atomic, molecular, and macroscopic objects. It is a quantitative measure, and the standard unit is the coulomb.

  NOTE: this type is also used in COSMO to refer to the electrical charge (power) possessed by a
     ''Battery'' when it is capable of providing current.  These two meanings can
     be differentiated when needed, as the quantity in a battery is measured in ampere-hours, not coulombs;
     but an 'ampere-hour' is equal to 3600 coulombs, so the units are commensurable.


  Corresponds to part of  noun sense 1 of 'electricity', sense 6 of 'charge' and sense
    1 of 'electric charge'in WordNet:
   1. (8) electricity - (a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or 
      moving electrons and protons)
  WN noun 'charge' (NOTE: battery charge is *not* included here ):
    6. (44) charge, electric charge - (the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body
      (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons; 
      'the battery needed a fresh charge')

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

ElectricalComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalComponent`
Description	A specialization of both #$ElectricalDevice and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$ElectricalComponent is an #$ElectricalDevice which is normally considered to be a part of some larger, more clearly distinguished #$PhysicalDevice (for example, clearly distinguished in the sense that it is sold or moved as a unit). Each instance of #$ElectricalComponent must be connected with other parts in order to perform its #$primaryFunction. `An ElectricalComponent will have a separate existence at some point in the manufacturing process even if every instance of a particular type of ElectricalComponent is inserted into the larger object. Examples are: Battery, Antenna, resistor.`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c ElectricalDevice^c EngineeringComponent^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ElectricalDevice^c
Sub-classes	Headphones^c LightEmittingComponent^c SolarCell^c ElectricalGenerator^c ElectricalFuse^c Antenna^c FluorescentLightBulb^c SolarPanel^c Battery^c Resistor^c LightBulbIncandescent^c CurrentConverter^c ElectricalSwitch^c ElectricCircuit^c LightEmittingDiode^c Busbar^c Microphone^c ElectricalWire^c ContactComponent^c ElectricalReceptacle^c

ElectricalConduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalConduction`
Description	''ElectricalConduction'' is a type of ''Conductivity'' in which the thing conducted is electricity (a flow of electrons). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical conduction' and sense 1 of 'current' in WordNet: 1. electrical conduction - (the passage of electricity through a conductor) WN noun 'current': 1. (12) current, electric current - (a flow of electricity through a conductor; 'the current was measured in amperes')`
Super-classes	PowerTransmission^c ElectricalPhenomenon^c Conductivity^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Electron^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalDischarge^c Spark^c NerveImpulse^c Superconductivity^c

ElectricalConductor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalConductor`
Description	An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$ConductingMedium. Each instance of #$ElectricalConductor is a partially tangible thing that can conduct electricity. Instances include power cords, electrical plugs, and pieces of metal. `Corresponds to part (for electricity) of noun sense 3 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 3. (1) conductor - (a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat)`
Super-classes	ConductingMedium^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ElectricallyConductive^c hasCapability^op value ElectricalConduction^c
Sub-classes	Superconductor^c Mercury^c Metal^c

ElectricalConnection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalConnection`
Description	An 'ElectricalConnection' is a Connection-Physical that is an ArtifactObject capable of carrying electrical current and designed to be part of an elecric circuit in a device. . This is a PhysicalObject that connects parts of a circuit that may have a potential difference; it can serve as a path for electrical current. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'connection ' in WordNet: 3. (4) connection, connexion, connector, connecter, connective - (an instrumentality that connects; 'he soldered the connection'; 'he didn't have the right connector between the amplifier and the speakers')`
Super-classes	Path-Physical^c ArtifactObject^c ConductiveObject^c Connection-Physical^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToConnect^op value PairOfObjects^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ElectricalDevice^c
Sub-classes	Busbar^c ContactComponent^c ElectricCircuit^c

ElectricalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$ElectricalDevice is a device that requires an input of electrical current (as its #$energySource) in order to perform its intended function(s). Instances of #$ElectricalDevice include both complex devices (for example, instances of the collections #$StereoSystem or #$Computer) and simpler ones (for example, instances of the collection #$ElectricalComponent). To be powered, an 'ElectricalDevice' must be connected to a source of electricity, such as a power line or a battery. The act of providing that power is represented as 'PoweringAnElectricalDevice' SUMO: (ElectricDevice) A Device that uses Electricity as its primary power source. NOTE linguistic usage: to prefix an objecgt by calling it 'electric' usually means that it is a subtype of instance of this class. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical device' in WordNet: 1. electrical device - (a device that produces or is powered by electricity)
Super-classes	PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	usesEnergyType^op value Electricity^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Electric^c
Sub-classes	Telephone^c Dryer^c HairDrier^c ElectricalRelay^c GyroCompass^c Humidifier^c Dashboard^c Headset^c RefrigeratedStorageDevice^c ElectronicDevice^c SolarCell^c Endoscope^c WashingMachine^c ElectricalGenerator^c Switchboard^c Transducer^c ElectricalFuse^c ElectricalLightingDevice^c ElectricalComponent^c Dishwasher^c Telegraph^c BatteryPoweredDevice^c Shredder^c ElectricSensor^c TelephoneMouthpiece^c XRayPhotographicDevice^c TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c Dehumidifier^c ElectricalReactor^c Escalator^c CrockPot^c

ElectricalDischarge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalDischarge`
Description	An ''ElectricalDischarge'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical discharge' in WordNet: 1. electrical discharge - (a discharge of electricity)`
Super-classes	ElectricalConduction^c Discharge^c
Sub-classes	NerveImpulse^c

ElectricalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalEvent`
Description	Each 'ElectricalEvent' is an Event in which some 'ElectricCurrent' flows somewhere for some interval of time. `CYC: The class of electrical events.`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingProcess^op value ElectricCurrent^c
Sub-classes	LightningEvent^c

ElectricalFuse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalFuse`
Description	A ''ElectricalFuse'' is an ''ElectricalDevice'' whose primary function is to break an electrical circuit so as to interrupt the current flow when a level of current is reached that presents a danger of overheating or causing some other undesired condition. Various different objects can serve as a fuse; one of the simplest and oldest is a lead wire that melts when the current gets too high,creating a gap in the circuit. Later fuses have a similarly melting metal contained within a small unit just larger than the screw-in base of a light bulb, that screws into a fuse box and is easily replaceable when it 'overloads' and melts. More modern devices with similar function are 'circuit breakers'. `CYC 'Fuse-ElectricalComponent':Device that prevents another electrical device from drawing too much electrical current. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical fuse' in WordNet: 1. fuse, electrical fuse, safety fuse - (an electrical device that can interrupt the flow of electrical current when it is overloaded)`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ElectricCircuit^c hasDesignFunction^op value BreakingAnElectricalCircuit^c

ElectricalGenerator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalGenerator`
Description	CYC: The collection of electrical generators - devices that convert mechanical energy to electricity (ususally by means of magnets). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'generator' in WordNet: 2. (1) generator - (engine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction)`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c ElectricalDevice^c VoltageSource^c PowerSource^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ElectricCurrent^c performsAction^op value ConvertingMechanicalEnergyToElectricity^c emits^op value ElectricCurrent^c
Sub-classes	Alternator^c

ElectricalHeater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalHeater`
Description	An ''ElectricalHeater'' heats spaces (often heating the Air) by passing a current of electricity throigh a resistor, which converts the electricity to heat. Thera re various types for various purposes. One common subtype is the electrical baseboard heater.
Super-classes	AirHeatingDevice^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Resistor^c usesSubstance^op value Electricity^c

ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalHouseholdAppliance

Description

Instances of ''ElectricalHouseholdAppliance'' can be fnd in large buildings including businesses as well as residential quarters.

       Electric-powered Household Appliances

Sub-classes ElectricLamp^c
VacuumCleaner^c
Freezer^c
Refrigerator-Freezer^c
WashingMachine^c
ElectricLightFixture^c
IceChest^c
SmokeAlarm^c
Dishwasher^c
Dryer^c
Fan-ElectricalAppliance^c
Toaster^c
Dehumidifier^c
Refrigerator^c
FoodProcessor^c

ElectricalInsulator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalInsulator`
Description	Any substance that is a non-conductor of electricity, of sufficiently resistivity to serve as insulating material in electrical devices..
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c

ElectricalJack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalJack`
Description	An ''ElectricalJack'' is a ''ContactComponent'' that is a ''Socket'' into which some 'plug' with a conforming size and shape can be inserted. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'jack' in WordNet: 6. jack - (an electrical device consisting of a connector socket designed for the insertion of a plug)`
Super-classes	ContactComponent^c ElectricalReceptacle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToConnect^op value TwoElectricalDevices^c functionsTogetherWith^op value ElectronicPlug^c

ElectricalLightingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalLightingDevice`
Description	Devices that provide light by transforming electrical current into light energy. `@ToDo: This includes light bulbs as well as the fixtures that contain light bulbs. These need to be distinguished. The ''LightEmittingComponent'' part has traditionally been tungsten-filament light bulbs or fluorescent light bulbs, but LEDs have become less expensive and more common in the 21st century.`
Super-classes	LightingDevice^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op some LightEmittingComponent^c
Sub-classes	TrafficLight^c LightEmittingComponent^c Flashlight^c FluorescentLightBulb^c Streetlight^c Headlight^c ElectricLightFixture^c LightBulbIncandescent^c LightEmittingDiode^c Spotlight^c Laser^c

ElectricalOutlet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalOutlet`
Description	A place to plug in a power cord; a source of electrical current; usually on a wall of a building, inside or outside; sometimes on outdoor fixtures. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'receptacle' and part of sense 2 of 'outlet (a wall outlet is a subtype) in WordNet: 3. receptacle - (an electrical (or electronic) fitting that is connected to a source of power and equipped to receive an insert) WN noun 'outlet': 2. (1) wall socket, wall plug, electric outlet, electrical outlet, outlet, electric receptacle -(receptacle providing a place in a wiring system where current can be taken to run electrical devices)`
Super-classes	VoltageSource^c PowerTransmittingDevice^c ElectricalReceptacle^c
Sub-classes	WallOutlet^c

ElectricalPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalPhenomenon`
Description	''ElectricalPhenomenon''is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' in which some form of charged particles (usually electrons) .produce some observable phenomena. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. electrical phenomenon - (a physical phenomenon involving electricity)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Physics^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalConduction^c Voltage^c

ElectricalReactor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalReactor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reactor' in WordNet: 1. reactor - (an electrical device used to introduce reactance into a circuit)`
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	controls^op value ElectricCurrent^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ElectricalDevice^c
Sub-classes	RotorCoil^c

ElectricalReceptacle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalReceptacle`
Description	A component of an ''ElectricalDevice'' into which some kind of 'plug' can be inserted,whether to supply power to a Device or to transfer data (in an ''ElectronicDevice''). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'receptacle' in WordNet: 3. receptacle - (an electrical (or electronic) fitting that is connected to a source of power and equipped to receive an insert)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Socket^c ElectricalComponent^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalJack^c ElectricalOutlet^c

ElectricalRelay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalRelay`
Description	A `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical relay' in WordNet: 1. relay, electrical relay - (electrical device such that current flowing through it in one circuit can switch on and off a current in a second circuit)`
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ElectricalDevice^c controls^op value ElectricCurrent^c

ElectricalResistance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalResistance

Description

A ''ElectricalResistance'' is a subtype of ''PhysicalAttribute'' that measures how much of a voltage is required to permit passage of a certain amount of electrical current.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resistance' in Wordnet:
          3. (2) electric resistance, electrical resistance, impedance,
              resistance, resistivity, ohmic resistance - (a material's opposition 
              to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms)

Super-classes Functionattribute^c

ElectricalShock^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalShock

Description

An 'ElectricalShock' is the set of physiological responses caused by passage of a perceptible amount of electric current through some part of the body. It is commonly the cause of a reflex muscular reaction.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shock' in WordNet:
          3. (2) electric shock, electrical shock, shock - - 
             (a reflex response to the passage of electric current
             through the body; 'subjects received a small electric shock
             when they made the wrong response'; 'electricians get accustomed to occasional shocks')

Super-classes PhysiologicalCondition^c

ElectricalSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalSignal`
Description	An ''ElectricalSignal'' is a variation in some form of electrical quantity that signifies some condition. This is broad, and can be used for signals from sensors, or from electrical components of any kind. This includes electromagnetic radiation emitted as a Signal, such as the subtype ''RadioWaveTransmission''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'signal' in WordNet: 3. signal - (an electric quantity (voltage or current or field strength) whose modulation represents coded information about the source from which it comes)`
Super-classes	Signal^c
Sub-classes	TransmittedRadioSignal^c

ElectricalSwitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalSwitch`
Description	A device that is placed in the path of electrical current (on a wire) to control its passage. In one position, the switch allows current to pass, and when moved to the 'off' position, the connection is broken and current can no longer pass. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'switch' in WordNet: 1. (4) switch, electric switch, electrical switch - (control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit)`
Super-classes	ControlDevice^c ElectricalComponent^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf some ElectricalDevice^c
Sub-classes	ControlButton^c On-OffSwitch^c

ElectricalTerminal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalTerminal`
Description	An ''ElectricalTerminal'' is a ''ContactComponent'' that serves to allow electrical current to pass from one ''ElectricalTerminal'' to another,i.e. to connect two different ''ElectricalDevice''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'terminal' in WordNet: 2. (1) terminal, pole - (a contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves)`
Super-classes	ContactComponent^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToConnect^op value TwoElectricalDevices^c

ElectricalWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricalWire`
Description	In COSMO ''ElectricalWire'' is any conductive wire (an Object) used to transmit electrical current, for use as a power source or for transmission of signals,as in telephone and telegraph equipment. `CYC. Wire used as an electrical conductor, usually housed in insulation of some sort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conducting wire' in WordNet: 1. (2) wire, conducting wire - (a metal conductor that carries electricity over a distance)`
Super-classes	ConductiveObject^c Wire^c ManufacturedGoods^c TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c ElectricalComponent^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value ElectricCurrent^c
Sub-classes	PowerLine^c TelephoneWire^c CoiledWire^c

ElectricallyCharged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricallyCharged`
Description	An Object is ''ElectricallyCharged'' if it has an excess of positive or negative charges. This can be a property of any PhysicalObject of any size: clouds, atoms, molecules, or subatomic particles, or of some region of space, that has an excess of either positive or negative electrical charge. `The quantitative measure of how much charge is on an object or in a Region is expressed as a value of ''ElectricalCharge'' For batteries that are charged, use ''Charged''. WordNet conflates these two independent attributes Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'charged ' in Wordnet: 1. (9) charged - (of a particle or body or system; having a net amount of positive or negative electric charge; 'charged particles'; 'a charged battery')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Ionized^c

ElectricallyChargedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricallyChargedObject`
Description	Any Object that has some ElectricalCharge. This can be an Object of any size, but the most common usage will be for ''Ion''s and subatomic particles, within the subtype ''ChargedParticle'', including Electrons, Protons, atomic nuclei, and ''Ion''s.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c ExanimateThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ElectricallyCharged^c
Sub-classes	ChargedParticle^c

ElectricallyConductive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricallyConductive

Description

Able to conduct electricity. This comes in various values, but this is for Objects or Substances that are sufficiently conductive to serve in practical applications. Needs relation to quantitative measure of conductivity.

        Corresponds to part (for electricity) of adjective sense 1 of 'conductive' in Wordnet:
          1. conductive - (having the quality or power of conducting 
              heat or electricity or sound; exhibiting conductivity)

Super-classes Conductive^c

ElectricallyNonconductive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectricallyNonconductive

Description

Not able to conduct electricity.

       Corresponds to part (for electricity) of adjective sense 1 of 'nonconductive' in Wordnet:
         1. nonconductive, nonconducting, non-conducting - (not able to conduct heat or electricity or sound)

Super-classes Nonconductive^c

Electrician^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electrician

Description

A person who works on electrical systems of buildings.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrician' in WordNet:
        1. electrician, lineman, linesman - (a person who
            installs or repairs electrical or telephone lines)

Super-classes TradeWorker^c

Electricity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electricity`
Description	COSMO note: this is synonymous with 'ElectricalEnergy', a qualitative type of Energy which is substance-like, and not a QuantityOfEnergy. This is energy derived from the flow of electrical current. `NOTE that 'electrical energy' stored in a battery or capacitor is only potential, and is not represented by this class. Cyc: The sort of energy that flows through electrical conductors, is produced by electrical generators, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 and of 'electricity' in WordNet: 2. (6) electricity, electrical energy - (energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor; "they built a car that runs on electricity")`
Super-classes	Energy^c
Sub-classes	NuclearGeneratedElectricity^c

ElectroAcousticTransducer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectroAcousticTransducer`
Description	This either emits sound like a ''Speaker'' or converts sound to electrical signals, like a ''Microphone''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electro-acoustic transducer' in WordNet: 1. electro-acoustic transducer - (a transducer that converts electrical to acoustic energy or vice versa)`
Super-classes	Transducer^c
Sub-classes	Microphone^c AudioSystem^c SpeakerDevice^c EarPiece^c

ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor`
Description	A subcollection of #$Sensor, namely those sensors that detect #$ElectromagneticRadiation, including bioogical ones like the eye..
Super-classes	Sensor^c
Sub-classes	RadarUnit^c BarCodeScanner^c Eye^c Retina^c ImageScanner^c

ElectroPlating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectroPlating`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ElectroPlating event, some metal is coated with a thin layer of another metal, with the aid of an electric current. Some instances of #$Galvanizing will also be instances of this collection. `NOTE: The surface plated is usually also metal, but does not have to be. More detail can be asserted for this process; @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'electroplate' in WordNet: 1. electroplate - (coat with metal by electrolysis; 'electroplate the watch')`
Super-classes	PlatingMetal^c
Restrictions	produces^op some SheetOfMetal^c requiresResource^op some ElectroplatingSolution^c

Electrode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electrode`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrode' in WordNet: 1. (3) electrode - (a conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuit)`
Super-classes	Connector^c ConductorDevice^c
Restrictions	connects^op value TwoElectricCircuits^c hasDesignFunction^op value ElectricalConduction^c

Electrolyte^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electrolyte`
Description	CYC: The collection of all polyatomic chemical stuffs that decompose into ions when disolved in water. An instance of #$Electrolyte may be a mixture of chemical compounds. It need not be an instance of any instance of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies. WN 'electrolyte' is a solution of ionic materials. This type is for the the chemical substances that,when dissolved, create a WN 'electrolyte' solution. This is CYC definition and RHW def 1b of 'electrolyte'. any substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in a suitable medium or melted and thus forms a conductor of electricity. The WN gloss suggests that the meaning of RHW 'electrolyte sense 2 is included,but that would be the chemical represented by ''Electrolyte'', not the solution represented here. RHW 'electrolyte' 2: 2. Physiol. any of certain inorganic compounds, mainly sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate, that dissociate in biological fluids into ions capable of conducting electrical currents and constituting a major force in controlling fluid balance within the body
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ionized^c
Sub-classes	BariumNitrate^c BariumChloride^c Ammonia^c Hydroxylamine^c

ElectrolyteSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectrolyteSolution`
Description	An ''ElectrolyteSolution'' is a Solution of an ''Electrolyte'' in water or other polar solvent that has its dissolved ''Electrolyte'' dissociated into ions and can thus conduct electricity. Some battery types use a solvent other than water to create the EletrolyteSolution inside them. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrolyte' in WordNet: 1. electrolyte - (a solution that conducts electricity; 'the proper amount and distribution of electrolytes in the body is essential for health')`
Super-classes	Solution^c
Restrictions	hasSolute^op value Electrolyte^c

Electromagnetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electromagnetic`
Description	''Electromagnetic'' is an attribute pertaining to Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'electromagnetic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) electromagnetic - (pertaining to or exhibiting magnetism produced by electric charge in motion; 'electromagnetic energy')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectromagneticRadiationEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$WavePropagation (q.v.). Each instance of #$ElectromagneticRadiation is an event that arises from the interaction of an electrical field and a magnetic field. Specializations of #$ElectromagneticRadiation include #$VisibleLight, #$RadioWaves, and #$XRays. NOTE: 'ElectromagneticRadiation' of any kind, gamma, radio, microwave, ultraviolet, visible, X-ray, or other, is considered in COSMO as an ''Event'' of waves radiating through some medium. Not an Object or Substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electromagnetic radiation' in WordNet: 1. electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic wave, nonparticulate radiation - (radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge)
Super-classes	WavePropagationEvent^c Radiation^c
Restrictions	containsAbstractSubstance^op value LightEnergy^c wasEmittedByObject^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or GroupType^c or ObjectGroup^c)
Sub-classes	MicrowaveRadiation^c InfraredRadiation^c LightPropagationEvent^c GammaRay^c Light^c X-Ray^c RadioWave^c

ElectromagneticSpectrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectromagneticSpectrum`
Description	A ''ElectromagneticSpectrum'' is any or all of the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The individual narrow ranges such as 'RadioWaves', 'XRays', 'VisibleLight' ,'InfraredLight'and 'UltravioletLight' would be subtypes (or could be parts?). Each element might be represented as a ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' with a specific wavelength. Qeston: is a Group of light waves at different wavelength also a type of ''Light''? @ToDo1439: This needs more differentation and probably more distinct types to represent a spectrum with respect to light waves of specific how is that related to the Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electromagnetic spectrum' in WordNet: 1. electromagnetic spectrum - (the entire frequency range of electromagnetic waves) 1. (18) spectrum - (an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave)
Super-classes	SpectrumOfValues^c Light^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Frequency^c
Sub-classes	InfraredSpectrum^c EmissionSpectrum^c

ElectromagneticUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectromagneticUnit`
Description	A unit that measures some aspect of electricity and/or magnetism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electromagnetic unit' in WordNet: 1. electromagnetic unit, emu - (any of various systems of units for measuring electricity and magnetism)`
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Sub-classes	PowerUnit^c VoltAmpere^c

Electromagnetism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electromagnetism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'electromagnetism' in WordNet: 2. electromagnetism, electromagnetics - (the branch of physics concerned with electromagnetic phenomena)`
Super-classes	Physics^c
Restrictions	isaBranchOf^op value Physics^c hasSubject^op value Electricity^c hasSubject^op value Magnetism^c

Electron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electron`
Description	A Fundamentalparticle with a negative charge. `Cyc: A specialization of #$Lepton. Each instance of #$Electron is a subatomic particle with an #$ElectricalCharge of -1. Each instance of #$Atom consists of a nucleus (see #$AtomicNucleus) surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electron' in Wordnet: 1. (16) electron, negatron - (an elementary particle with negative charge)`
Super-classes	Lepton^c ChargedParticle^c
Sub-classes	BetaRay^c

ElectronVolt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronVolt

Description

The ElectronVolt is an energy measure. Symbol: eV. It is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 Volt in a vacuum.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electron volt' in WordNet:
      1. electron volt, eV - (a unit of energy equal to the work done 
         by an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Electronic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electronic

Description

''Electronic''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Electrons, ElectronicCircuits and ElectronicDevices and related objects, Actions, and phenomena. This is often used to characterize Actions such as communication or calculation that is performed using an ElectronicDevice.

        Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'electronic' in WordNet:
           1. (6) electronic - (of or relating to electronics; concerned with or using devices 
             that operate on principles governing the behavior of electrons; 'electronic devices')
         2. (1) electronic - (of or concerned with electrons; 'electronic energy')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ElectronicCircuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicCircuit`
Description	An ''ElectronicCircuit'' is an ''ElectricCircuit'' within some ElectronicDevice. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electric circuit' in WordNet: 1. (4) circuit, electrical circuit, electric circuit - (an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow)`
Super-classes	ElectricCircuit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ElectronicDevice^c
Sub-classes	ComputerCircuit^c

ElectronicComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicComponent`
Description	CYC: A collection of devices; a subset of #$ElectronicDevice. An #$ElectronicComponent is a device which is normally considered a part to another device (which in turn is a more meaningful entity, at least in this context. 'More meaningful' might mean that the larger device is sold, moved, named,... as a unit.) An electronic component needs to be connected with other parts in order to perform its #$primaryFunction.
Super-classes	EngineeringComponent^c ElectronicDevice^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Device^c
Sub-classes	Amplifier^c Transistor^c Diode^c ElectronicDisplayDevice^c Transmitter^c Capacitor^c

ElectronicDataSearching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicDataSearching`
Description	A specialization of #$LookingForAThingOrTypeOfThing and #$ComputerActivity. Each instance of #$ElectronicDataSearching is an event in which an agent uses a computer to find information that is stored electronically. Typically, an agent uses a computer program that implements a #$SearchAlgorithm. A positive example is an event in which a person enters a string into the text box at http://www.google.com and thereby initiates a process that searches over Google's index of words that occur in internet documents. Other positive examples include an event in which a Unix user greps through a filesystem, or an event in which a Windows user opens up a folder of files and visually examines its contents to see if a certain file is contained in the folder. Important specializations of #$ElectronicDataSearching include #$DatabaseSearching and #$InternetSearching.
Super-classes	ComputerActivity^c LookingForSomething^c
Sub-classes	DatabaseSearching^c

ElectronicDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicDevice`
Description	An ElectronicDevice is a Device whose primary function is to transform electronic signals. Receptions and transmission of radio waves necessarily involves transforming signals, therefore every device whose primary function necessarily includes transmission or reception is an ElectronicDevice. `Needs concepts; transforms ''ElectricalSignal'' transforming Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electronic device' in WordNet: 1. (2) electronic device - (a device that accomplishes its purpose electronically) WN noun 'electronic equipment': 1. (1) electronic equipment - (equipment that involves the controlled conduction of electrons (especially in a gas or vacuum or semiconductor))`
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c Equipment^c
Sub-classes	Calculator^c Maser^c VideoCamera^c SemiconductorDevice^c AutomaticVehicleController^c ComputerHardwareItem^c ComputationalSystem^c ElectronicHearingAid^c ATMMachine^c MediaPlayingDevice^c DigitalDevice^c ReceiverDevice^c Orbiter^c AudioEquipment^c MusicalInstrument-Electronic^c RadioWaveTransmittingDevice^c AnsweringMachine^c ElectronicComponent^c TelevisionCamera^c TelevisionSet^c WirelessCommunicationDevice^c ArtificialSatellite^c Oscilloscope^c Scanner^c ElectronicPlug^c NetworkRouter^c

ElectronicDisplayDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicDisplayDevice`
Description	Electronic devices used to display images. E.g. CRTs and LCDs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'video display' in WordNet: 1. (1) display, video display - (an electronic device that represents information in visual form)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c DisplayDevice^c ElectronicComponent^c
Sub-classes	SmartBoard^c VideoDisplayDevice^c

ElectronicHearingAid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicHearingAid`
Description	An ''ElectronicHearingAid'' is worn inside the Ear and may be self-contained or attached by wire to other components such as batteries worn elsewhere on the body. For the wired variety, this type represents the part worn in the ear. More detail can be added when needed. `This is a subtype of the general CYC class: CYC: The collection of all #$PhysicalDevices that are used to aid in hearing. NOTE: unclear whether all such devices require a prescription, so instances may or may not be instances of ''HearingAid-Prescription''. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'hearing aid' in WordNet: 1. hearing aid, deaf-aid - (an electronic device that amplifies sound and is worn to compensate for poor hearing)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c ElectronicDevice^c HearingAid^c MarbleSizedObject^c SomethingToWear^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value HumanEar^c

ElectronicMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicMusic`
Description	`RHW 'electronic music': electronically produced sounds recorded on tape and arranged by the composer to form a musical composition.`
Super-classes	PopularMusic^c
Restrictions	isProducedByObject^op value Synthesizer^c

ElectronicPlug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicPlug`
Description	An ''ElectronicPlug'' is a ''ContactComponent'' that connects two electronic devices by insertion into an ''ElectricalJack''. `NOTE: the WN 'plug' apparently includes the power plug. That would require a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'plug' in WordNet: 5. plug, male plug - (an electrical device with two or three pins that is inserted in a socket to make an electrical connection)`
Super-classes	ContactComponent^c ElectronicDevice^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value ElectricalJack^c isDesignedToConnect^op value TwoElectronicDevices^c fitsInsideOf^op value ElectricalJack^c

ElectronicSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicSystem`
Description	A ''ElectronicSystem'' is a Group of one or more ''ElectronicDevice''s, with possibly other components. Such a system transfers ''ElectricalSignal''s among the components.
Super-classes	AudioSystem^c DeviceGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2

Electronically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electronically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'electronically' in Wordnet: 1. electronically - (by electronic means; 'the door opens electronically')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

ElectronicallyIntegrated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectronicallyIntegrated

Description

''ElectronicallyIntegrated'' is an Attribute of electronic Devices or computer programs that include multiple functional parts or subprocesses that were one separated.

         Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'integrated' (for electronic devices
            and programs) in Wordnet:
             1. (2) incorporate, incorporated, integrated, merged, unified -
                  (formed or united into a whole)

Super-classes Combined^c

Electronics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Electronics`
Description	the science and technology concerned with the properties and functions of electronic circuits. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electronics' in WordNet: 1. (10) electronics - (the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices)`
Super-classes	Physics^c
Restrictions	hasSubject^op value ElectronicDevice^c hasSubject^op value ElectronicCircuit^c

ElectroplatingSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElectroplatingSolution`
Description	An Aqueous solution used to precipitate metal onto a surface by means of an electric current. The surface plated is usually also metal, but does not have to be. An ElectroplatingSolution must have some metal in the solution.
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op some MetalType^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op some ElectroPlating^c

Elegance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elegance`
Description	''Elegance'' is the nominalized form of 'Elegant' - things that are ''Elegant'' have ''Elegance''. `Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'elegance' in WordNet: 1. (3) elegance - (a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste; 'she conveys an aura of elegance and gentility') 2. elegance - (a quality of neatness and ingenious simplicity in the solution of a problem (especially in science or mathematics); 'the simplicity and elegance of his invention')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Inelegance^c isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Elegant^c
Sub-classes	Stylishness^c

Elegant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elegant`
Description	The attribute of someone who performs things that are in good taste. ?How to decscribe things that are elegant (beautiful)?? This type can be used for now (rev1443) but a different attribute should be created to distinguish people and things. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'elegant' in WordNet: 1. (2) elegant - (refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style; 'elegant handwriting'; 'an elegant dark suit'; 'she was elegant to her fingertips'; 'small churches with elegant white spires'; 'an elegant mathematical solution - simple and precise and lucid') 3. elegant - (displaying effortless beauty and simplicity in movement or execution; 'an elegant dancer'; 'an elegant mathematical solution - simple and precise')
Super-classes	Tasteful^c
Sub-classes	Classy^c Exquisite^c Chic^c

Elegantly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elegantly

Description

        Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'elegantly' in Wordnet:
          1. elegantly - (with elegance; in a tastefully elegant manner; 
                 'the room was elegantly decorated')
          2. elegantly - (in a gracefully elegant manner; 
              'the members of these groups do not express themselves
              as accurately or as elegantly as their critics do')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

ElementGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElementGroup`
Description	An
Super-classes	List^c Series^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op value ChemicalElement^c isInList^op value PeriodicTable^c

ElementPeriod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElementPeriod`
Description	An ''ElementPeriod'' is a row in the ''PeriodicTable'' in which the ''ChemicalElement''s represented from left to right have 'Atomic Numbers' that increase by one from one filled-in column to the next. When there are blank boxes between filled-in boxes the atomic number only increases when the next filled-in box occurs.
Super-classes	List^c Series^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op value ChemicalElement^c isInList^op value PeriodicTable^c

ElementType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElementType`
Description	ElementType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances and an argument restriction for the relations on chemical elements. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. In Cyc called 'ElementStuffType': Cyc: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Each instance of #$ElementStuffType is a specialization of #$ElementStuff.
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
In domain of	hasChemicalSymbol^dp hasAtomicNumber^dp
Members	Iridium Lithium Oxygen Mercury Rhodium Cobalt Polonium Cesium Europium Promethium Fluorine Fermium Tellurium Iron Germanium Tungsten Platinum Terbium Ytterbium Tantalum Halogen Cerium Astatine Selenium Manganese Americium Sodium Neodymium Potassium Francium Palladium Mendelevium Yttrium Chlorine Xenon Gadolinium Samarium Cadmium Lawrencium Tin Praseodymium Aluminum Nickel Gold Phosphorus Hydrogen Dysprosium Carbon Lanthanum Protactinium Erbium Lead Hafnium Osmium Actinium Sulfur Zinc Scandium Technetium Bromine Holmium Niobium Curium Boron Calcium Argon Nobelium Iodine Strontium Magnesium Zirconium Uranium Rubidium Chromium Beryllium Californium Helium Ruthenium RareEarthElement Gallium Barium Bismuth Einsteinium Molybdenum Silver Indium Plutonium Radium Rhenium Radon Silicon DiamondSubstance Titanium Thulium Krypton Nitrogen Lutetium Berkelium Thallium Vanadium Neptunium Thorium Neon Arsenic Copper Antimony

Elemental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elemental

Description

''Elemental'' is the ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the (more or less pure) ''ChemicalElement''s and their properties.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elemental' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) elemental - (relating to or being an element; 'elemental sulphur')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Elementary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elementary

Description

''Elementary'' describes things - ideas or methods that are so simple they can be understood and mastered quickly, and involve only the most basic concepts of a topic.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elementary' in WordNet:
        1. (2) elementary, simple, uncomplicated, unproblematic - (easy and not involved or complicated;
          'an elementary problem in statistics'; 'elementary, my dear Watson'; 'a simple game';
          'found an uncomplicated solution to the problem')

Super-classes Simple^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

ElementaryEducation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElementaryEducation`
Description	''ElementaryEducation'' is the first level of ''Educating'' in basic skills of reading writing and arithmetic, with some basics of additional topics added, such as in science and history. ''ElementaryEducation'' in the United States is usually that taught in grades 1 through 8, though different school systems divide the twelve lower grade levels in different ways, such as 6-3-3 rather than 8-4,with the middle three grades considered a 'middle school'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elementary education' in WordNet: 1. elementary education - (education in elementary subjects (reading and writing and arithmetic) provided to young students at a grade school)`
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c Educating^c Instructing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Basic^c occursAt^op value GrammarSchool^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Schooled^c

ElementaryParticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElementaryParticle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elementary particle' in WordNet: 1. elementary particle, fundamental particle - ((physics) a particle that is less complex than an atom; regarded as constituents of all matter)`
Super-classes	SubAtomicParticle^c
Sub-classes	Hadron^c

Elephant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elephant`
Description	More detail about elephant is provided in the BLO context segment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elephant' in WordNet: 1. (3) elephant - (five-toed pachyderm)`
Super-classes	Pachyderm^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Tusk^c
Sub-classes	RogueElephant^c Mammoth^c

Elevated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elevated

Description

An AttributeValue of a construction artifact (''FixedStructure'') whose top is elevated noticeably above the local base of the terrain, at a minimum having a top level more than three feet above the surrounding ground.

      NOTE: for the sense of 'elevated' meaning 'is raised above the ground 
        or floorlevel on supports' the relation ''isOverheadOf'' can be used.

      For indoor supporting artifacts or artifacts projecting less than six feet 
      above the ground,use ''Raised''.

      For high locations on outdoor georaphical features, use ''GeographicallyHigh''.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'elevated' in WordNet:
        1. (1) elevated - (raised above ground level; on elevated rails; 'elevated railway')
        2. (1) elevated - (raised above the ground; 'an elevated platform')

Super-classes High^c

ElevatedRailway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElevatedRailway`
Description	An ''ElevatedRailway'' can be a part of a line that includes a ''Subway''' as a directly connected part. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elevated railway' in WordNet: 1. elevated railway, elevated railroad, elevated, el, overhead railway - (a railway that is powered by electricity and that runs on a track that is raised above the street level)`
Super-classes	Railway^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Elevated^c
Sub-classes	RollerCoaster^c

Elevation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elevation

Description

An ''Elevation'' is an ''Altitude'' for the top surface of ''LandTopographicFeature'', calculated as the vertical distance from 'sea level' as defined by the prevailing consensus Earth's geoid..

     Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'elevation' in WordNet:
       5. elevation - (distance of something above a reference point (such as sea level);
       'there was snow at the higher elevations')

Super-classes Altitude^c

Elevator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elevator`
Description	The #$Collection of all #$Elevators. An #$Elevator is a device with a normally closed compartment which moves vertically, lifting or lowering people and goods located in that compartment, normally between floors of a building. SUMO: A TransportationDevice consisting of a car that moves up and down in a vertical shaft so that people can move from one floor to another in a building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elevator' and sense 8 of 'lift' in WordNet: 1. (5) elevator, lift - (lifting device consisting of a platform or cage that is raised and lowered mechanically in a vertical shaft in order to move people from one floor to another in a building) WN noun 'lift': 8. elevator, lift - (lifting device consisting of a platform or cage that is raised and lowered mechanically in a vertical shaft in order to move people from one floor to another in a building)
Super-classes	IntraBuildingTransportationDevice^c PartOfBuilding^c TransportationContainerProduct^c LiftingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Raising^c

ElevatorShaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElevatorShaft`
Description	An ''ElevatorShaft'' is a ''VerticalShaft'' connects two or more ''Storey''s in a Building and provides a path for vertical movement of an elevator car. "hasorientation" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elevator shaft' in WordNet: 1. elevator shaft - (a vertical shaft in a building to permit the passage of an elevator from floor to floor)
Super-classes	VerticalShaft^c

Elf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elf`
Description	The mythical race of slender, magical beings described in such works as #$LordOfTheRings-Trilogy, and employed as characters in #$DungeonsAndDragons the #$RolePlayingGame. An 'Elf'' is oten portrayed as smaller than a typical Person, but this is not always the case and the attributes are arbitrarily chosen by the author of the tale. `NOTE: Although this type of 'Elf' is a fictional character this does not preclude the discovery of RealWorld things that fit the description of 'Elf''. But that would require a different Class, not yet added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elf' in WordNet: 1. elf, hob, gremlin, pixie, pixy, brownie, imp - ((folklore) fairies that are somewhat mischievous)`
Super-classes	FictionalIntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Leprechaun^c

Eligible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eligible

Description

''Eligible'' is an AttributeValue of People that have attributes that make them ''Qualified'' for some position or Action, and also have no Attributes that would make them 'disqualified' and also have no one in authority who is blocking them from assuming that position or performing that action.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eligible' in Wordnet:
            1. (5) eligible - (qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen; 
               'eligible to run for office'; 'eligible for retirement benefits'; 
               'an eligible bachelor')

Super-classes Qualified^c

Eliminating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eliminating`
Description	''Eliminating'' is the intentional destruction of something (Object or Action) for the purpose of removing it - to get it out of the way because it is preventing some desired action. (This might be used in reference to people - as in a Mafia rubout). A course of study is not a physical object. - it can be 'destroyed' by causing the Action of teaching to cease. `This is also used for 'eliminating' an ''AilmentCondition' by curing the underlying cause - see subtype ''CuringAnAilment''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'eliminate ' in WordNet: 1. (40) eliminate, get rid of, do away with - (terminate or take out; 'Let's eliminate the course on Akkadian hieroglyphics')`
Super-classes	IntentionalDestruction^c
Sub-classes	CuringAnAilment^c

EliminationCompetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EliminationCompetition`
Description	An ''EliminationCompetition'' is a Series ''Competition''s, of any kind, that have sequential stages at which the ''Contestant''s compete and the losers are eliminated from further competition, proceeding to the final round where the ''Finalist''s compete and one wins the ''EliminationCompetition''. The title of the winner may be simply 'Winner' or 'Champion'. `This contrasts with a 'round robin' in which all of the players compete at each stage of the competition and the winner is the one with the best overall score, calculated by summation or some other technique that may use weighting of the scores. An 'elimination tournament' in WN is a sports competition, and this is not just for sports.`
Super-classes	Competition^c Series^c ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Winner^c hasComponentElement^op some Competition^c hasComponentElement^op value RoundOfaCompetition^c
Sub-classes	EliminationTournament^c

EliminationTournament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EliminationTournament`
Description	An ''EliminationTournament'' is a 'Tournament'' in which the loser of any one round is eliminated from the remainder of the competition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elimination tournament' in WordNet: 1. elimination tournament - (a tournament in which losers are eliminated in successive rounds)`
Super-classes	EliminationCompetition^c Tournament^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some TournamentRound^c

Elite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elite

Description

''Elite'' is an attribute of a Perso who is recognized as among the ''Best'' in some group of people, which can be the whole population of of a subgroup.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elite' in Wordnet:
        1. elect, elite - (selected as the best; 'an elect circle of artists'; "elite colleges")

Super-classes Best^c

ElitePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElitePerson`
Description	An ''ElitePerson'' is a Person who is ''Elite'' and is a member of ''TheElite''. This can characterize different people and diferent groups in different places, with respect to different categories of people.
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value TheElite^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elite^c

Elitism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elitism

Description

''Elitism'' is a ''PoliticalIdeology'' that holds that a Country should be ruled by the ''TheElite'' of that country, rather than by the whole population (''ThePublic'').

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elitism' in WordNet:
           1. elitism - (the attitude that society should be governed by an elite group of individuals)

Super-classes PoliticalIdeology^c

Elitist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elitist`
Description	An ''Elitist'' is a ''Moralist'' who believes that the ''Elite'' are best qualified to make decisions for a group, rather than the common people (''ThePublic''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elitist' in WordNet: 1. elitist - (someone who believes in rule by an elite group)`
Super-classes	Moralist^c
Restrictions	believes^op value Elitism^c contrastsWith^op value Equalitarian^c

Elixir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elixir`
Description	$Elixir is the collection of all elixirs. An `elixer is a sweetened liquid - usually containing alcohol - into which medicine is mixed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elixir' in WordNet: 1. elixir - (a sweet flavored liquid (usually containing a small amount of alcohol) used in compounding medicines to be taken by mouth in order to mask an unpleasant taste)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c AqueousSolution^c LiquidOralMedicine^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value DrugSubstance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SweetTasting^c typicallyHasComponentSubstance^op value EthylAlcohol^c

Ellipse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ellipse`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of both #$RoundObject and #$PlaneFigure-Geometrical. This is the collection of all elliptical objects, whether spatially-localized (e.g. the Indianapolis Motor Speedway track) or abstract. Geometrically, an ellipse is a closed curve that is the path of a point that moves so that the sum of its distances from two fixed points (called 'foci') is constant. An important specialization of #$Ellipse is #$Circle (the collection of ellipses such that the distance between their foci is zero). Cf. #$Ellipsoid. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ellipse' and noun sense 1 of 'oval' in WordNet: 1. ellipse, oval - (a closed plane curve resulting from the intersection of a circular cone and a plane cutting completely through it; 'the sums of the distances from the foci to any point on an ellipse is constant')`
Super-classes	PlaneFigure-Geometrical^c ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure^c Loop^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Elliptical^c hasAttributeValue^op value Round^c
Sub-classes	Circle^c

Ellipsoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ellipsoid`
Description	An ''Ellipsoid'' is a type of ''BallLikeObject'' that more closely approximates the ideal ''Elipsoidal'' shape. Most planets are close enough in shape to fit into this category, as are the spherical playing balls (baseball, tennis ball golf ball, basketball). CYC: A specialization of both #$RoundObject and #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Ellipsoid is a three-dimensional object such that the planar sections along its respective internal axes are #$Ellipses. In other words, the shape of such objects should be roughly describable by taking some two dimensional ellipse and rotating it around its major axis in three-space. Note that #$Sphere and its generalization #$Spheroid are specializations of #$Ellipsoid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ellipsoid' in Wordnet: 1. (5) ellipsoid - (a surface whose plane sections are all ellipses or circles; 'the Earth is an ellipsoid')
Super-classes	BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Ellipsoidal^c
Sub-classes	Spheroid^c GasBubble^c

Ellipsoidal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ellipsoidal`
Description	The property of a 3-dimensional round object that is concave at all points on the surface; the two-dimensional object that is a cross-section would be 'Elliptical'. There is overlap in the terms used for these two dfferent concepts, and disambiguation will need the context. `NOTE: for the ''Ellisoidal'' shape that is rotationally symmetric use subtype ''Ovoidal'' or its subtype ''EggShaped''. FOr the asymmetric egg-shape use ''EggShaped''. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ellipsoidal in WordNet and part of sense 1 of 'ovoid': 1. ellipsoid, ellipsoidal, spheroidal, non-circular - (in the form of an ellipse) WN adj 'ovoid': 1. egg-shaped, elliptic, elliptical, oval, oval-shaped, ovate, oviform, ovoid, prolate - (rounded like an egg)`
Super-classes	ThreeDimensional^c Convex^c Round^c
Sub-classes	Ovoidal^c

Elliptical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elliptical

Description

The property of a two-dimensional object (including a cross-section of a three-dimensional object) whose shape approximates that of an Ellipse, i.e. a closed line like a circle, but elongagated in one direction so that it is not perfectly circular. Although technically a Circle is a subtype of Ellipse, in COSMO these attributes are interpreted in an informal sense in which an Ellipse has a significant deviation from circularity - therefore 'Circular' is not a subtype of 'Elliptical'.

       For the shape property of a three-dimensional ellipsoidal object, use 'Ellipsoidal'.

       Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'elliptical' and adjective sense 1 of 'oval' 
           in WordNet:
         1. (4) egg-shaped, elliptic, elliptical, oval, oval-shaped,
             ovate, oviform, ovoid, prolate - (rounded like an egg)

Super-classes Round^c
Planar^c

ElmTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElmTree`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elm' in WordNet: 1. (1) elm, elm tree - (any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees)
Super-classes	DeciduousTree^c

ElongatingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElongatingEvent`
Description	An Event in which some PhysicalObject increases in length. The increase may be reversible, and can include an unfolding. This includes intransitive and transitive sense, but the transitive sense is a subtype (see subtype ''StretchingAction''), to be used when the intention is clear. This Event can occur with or without the participation of an agent. In CYC 'Elongation'. Includes verb senses 4 and 5 (intransitive and transitive) of 'stretch' adn verb senses 1 and 2 (transitive and intransitive) of 'lengthen' in WordNet: 4. (4) stretch - (become longer by being stretched and pulled; 'The fabric stretches') 5. (3) elongate, stretch - (make long or longer by pulling and stretching; 'stretch the fabric') WN verb 'lengthen': 1. (1) lengthen - (make longer; 'Lengthen this skirt, please') 2. lengthen - (become long or longer; "In Spring, the days lengthen") WN noun 'elongation': 3. elongation - (the act of lengthening something)
Super-classes	Deforming^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeChanged^op value Length^c
Sub-classes	StretchingAction^c Unfolding^c

Eloping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eloping`
Description	In WN 'eloping' is the running-off event that is intended to lead to a marriage. Here it includes the marriage ceremony as well. `CYC: The collection of marriages performed in secret without the presence (and often without the permission) of the participants' parents. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'elope' in WordNet: 1. elope, run off - (run away secretly with one's beloved; 'The young couple eloped and got married in Las Vegas')`
Super-classes	RunningAway^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value TwoLovers^c causes^op value Marriage^c hasSubEvent^op value WeddingCeremony^c

Eloquent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eloquent

Description

''Eloquent'' is being able to speak using expressions that impress listeners with phraseology that appears both appropriate and forceful, being able to convey meaning and convince by imagery and emotional appeal more than by logic.

        Compare ''Articulate'' - being able to express one's thoughts and felings clearly
         and  make one's ideas understood.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eloquent' in Wordnet:
        1. (4) eloquent, facile, fluent, silver, silver-tongued, smooth-spoken -
          (expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively; 
          'able to dazzle with his facile tongue'; 'silver speech')

Super-classes ArticulateOrEloquent^c

Eloquently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eloquently`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'eloquently' in Wordnet: 1. eloquently, articulately - (with eloquence; 'he expressed his ideas eloquently')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Elsewhere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Elsewhere`
Description	An unspecified location that is somewhere other than some reference location, for some interval of time. This 'location' category serves as the base element for the pointer to the location where something (person, vehicle) is known not to be (at some particular time). Being able to assert absence in a particular location does not necessarily mean that the true location of the individual thing is actually known - one may simply look around a room and say 'he's not here'. From Latin 'alibi' = 'elsewhere'. When an instance of Alibi is created, the restrictions require that the ThingAbsent and the PlaceOfAbsence be specified. Usage: {?X isLocatedAt ?ALIBI} means that ?X was someplace other than the TimeAndPlace pointed to by the isSomethingOtherThan relation on the instance of TimeAndPlace that is the ?ALIBI. This Type allows one to express notions such as 'NN wasn't at the (meeting/party/scene of the crime/etc)' Every Alibi must specify exactly where and when an entity was absent, using the relation 'isSomethingOtherThan' and pointing to a TimeAndPlace. This is not the sense of 'alibi' given in WordNet - perhaps should have a different label? Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'elsewhere' in WordNet: 1. (14) elsewhere - (in or to another place; 'he went elsewhere'; 'look elsewhere for the answer')
Super-classes	TimeAndPlace^c
Restrictions	isSomethingOtherThan^op some PlaceOfAbsence^c isOutsideOf^op some PlaceOfAbsence^c isTheLocationOf^op some Person^c isTheLocationOf^op some ThingAbsent^c

EludingCapture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EludingCapture`
Description	COSMO note: ''EludingCapture'' is the Action of a Person who is being pursued by someone, usually Police or other authority, and avoids being captured. In WN this is a subtype of ''EscapingCaptivity'' but that type implies that the subject was in captivity. This type is for People fleeing before they have been captured. `NOTE: the WN sense 1 of 'elude' includes mental incomprehension,but that is also included in WN sense 2. That sense is not included in this type. Corresponds to part (physical evasion) of noun sense 1 of 'elude' in WordNet: 1. (2) elude, evade, bilk - (escape, either physically or mentally; 'The thief eluded the police'; 'This difficult idea seems to evade her'; 'The event evades explanation')`
Super-classes	Fleeing^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op value Captivity^c
Sub-classes	Getaway^c EvadingCapture^c

EludingComprehension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EludingComprehension`
Description	''EludingComprehension'' is an 'Action' of the ''IntendedMeaning'' of some communication or significance of an Event that is not understood by some audience/listener/observer. This is a figurative use of 'elude' ('understanding' something is to 'capture' its meaning) , but nevertheless fairly common. NOTE: perhaps should be 'performedBy' the more general ''Meaning''?? `Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'elude' in WordNet: 2. (1) elude, escape - (be incomprehensible to; escape understanding by; 'What you are seeing in him eludes me') 1. (2) elude, evade, bilk - (escape, either physically or mentally; 'The thief eluded the police'; 'This difficult idea seems to evade her'; 'The event evades explanation')`
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value Understanding^c isPerformedBy^op value IntendedMeaning^c

EmDash^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmDash

Description

A ''Hyphen''-like character the length of one 'm' character. This may or may not be differentiated from the ''Hyphen'' in a typographical character set (or character coding system).

    RHW 'en dash':  (Printing) a dash one em long..

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

Emanating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emanating`
Description	''Emanating'' is an intransitive Action in which some ''PhysicalSubstance'' or quantity of substance comes out of some location. The location need not be an artifactual container - things can emanate from the Ground or from undergrond, as well as from Organisms or parts of Organisms. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'emanate' in WordNet: 1. (1) emanate - (proceed or issue forth, as from a source; 'Water emanates from this hole in the ground')`
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op some EmittingStuff^c isPerformedBy^op some SubstanceType^c

Embalming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embalming`
Description	''Embalming'' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'embalm' in WordNet: 1. embalm - (preserve a dead body)`
Super-classes	ConservingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPreserved^op some (AnimalBody^c or DeadAnimal^c or Animal^c or AnimalType^c)
Sub-classes	Mummifying^c

Embankment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embankment`
Description	An ''Embankment'' is a long ''Mound'' bordering a BodyOfWater or serving as a property boundary. `CYC: A collection of fixed structures. Each instance of #$Embankment is a long raised structure of earth, gravel, etc., used to hold back water or to carry a road or railroad. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embankment' in WordNet: 1. (5) embankment - (a long artificial mound of stone or earth; built to hold back water or to support a road or as protection)`
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c Mound^c
Sub-classes	Levee^c

EmbarkingOnaVenture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmbarkingOnaVenture`
Description	''EmbarkingOnaVenture'' is the 'FirstStep' in performing some Activity that is risky,or arduous, or may take a long time - something that is not simple or fast. NOTE: not clear yet how to express such a venture. `Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'embark' in WordNet: 2. (1) embark, enter - (set out on (an enterprise or subject of study); 'she embarked upon a new career') 3. venture, embark - (proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers; 'We ventured into the world of high-tech and bought a supercomputer')`
Super-classes	StartingAnAction^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value SelfStarter^c isTheFirstElementOf^op some Venture^c

Embarrassed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embarrassed`
Description	''Embarrassed'' is the attribute of a Person who experienced an ''EmbarrassingSomeone'' Event, and (usually) has a Feeling of ''Embarrassment'', a subtype of ''BeingUpset'', caused by believing that one's personal status is damaged by others knowing of ''Improper'' things that the ''Embarrassed'' Person did (or by association with someone else who did). . This is a more intensive sense than the parent 'Abashed', and a less intensive degree of the subattribute ''Humiliated'' `Corresponds to *part8 of adjective senses 3 of 'embarrassed' in WordNet (sense 1 including 'chagrined, abashed' is the parent attributeValue): 3. embarrassed, humiliated, mortified - (made to feel uncomfortable because of shame or wounded pride; 'too embarrassed to say hello to his drunken father on the street'; 'humiliated that his wife had to go out to work'; 'felt mortified by the comparison with her sister')`
Super-classes	Upset^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c Abashed^c Bad^c
Sub-classes	Humiliated^c

Embarrassing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embarrassing`
Description	''Embarrassing'' is an AttributeValue of things (usually Events or Sitations) that can cause ''EmbarrassingSomeone'' and make a Person feel ''Embarrassment''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'embarrassing' in WordNet: 2. (2) embarrassing, mortifying - (causing to feel shame or chagrin or vexation; 'the embarrassing moment when she found her petticoat down around her ankles'; 'it was mortifying to know he had heard every word')`
Super-classes	Bad^c Humiliating^c
Sub-classes	Cringeworthy^c

EmbarrassingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmbarrassingSomeone`
Description	''EmbarrassingSomeone'' is an 'UpsettingEvent' that is an ''Action'' that causes a person to feel ''Embarrassment''. That ''Action'' can be performed by the Person who gets ''Embarrassed'' or by another person, e.g. someone who reveals a secret about a Person who then gets embarrased. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'embarrass' in WordNet: 1. (1) embarrass, abash - (cause to be embarrassed; cause to feel self-conscious)`
Super-classes	Action^c CausingaFeeling^c UpsettingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Embarrassing^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Embarrassed^c mayCause^op value BlushingResponse^c hadAffectedPerson^op some Person^c causesMentalEventType^op value Embarrassment^c
Sub-classes	HumiliatingSomeone^c

Embarrassment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embarrassment`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Embarrassment is some agent's feeling of mental confusion or discomposure. Instances of #$Embarrassment vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or the subject experiencing the feeling. A notable specialization of #$Embarrassment is #$Shame. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embarrassment' in Wordnet: 1. (3) embarrassment - (the shame you feel when your inadequacy or guilt is made public)`
Super-classes	Chagrin^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value BlushingResponse^c mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op value EmbarrassingSomeone^c
Sub-classes	Mortification^c Shame^c

Embassy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embassy`
Description	In CYC 'Embassy-TheBuilding': The collection of all embassies, the buildings in which official diplomatic representations are hosted. For the office itself see #$Embassy-TheMission. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embassy' in WordNet: 1. (1) embassy - (a diplomatic building where ambassadors live or work)`
Super-classes	DiplomaticBuilding^c PhysicalContactLocation^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	mayHaveWorker^op value Ambassador^c mayHaveWorker^op value Embassy-TheMission^c isTheLocationOf^op value Embassy-TheMission^c

Embassy-TheMission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embassy-TheMission`
Description	$Embassy-TheMission is a specialization of `#$DiplomaticMission-ThePost. Each instance of #$Embassy-TheMission is an embassy, which is the official diplomatic representation of a country A in a foreign country B. Not to be confused with the buildings in which such offices are hosted. See #$Embassy-TheBuilding. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'embassy' in WordNet: 2. embassy - (an ambassador and his entourage collectively)`
Super-classes	DiplomaticMission-ThePost^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Embassy^c isLocatedAt^op value Embassy^c

Embedded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embedded

Description

''Embedded'' is an Attribute of Objects (of any kind) that were ''Impanted'' firmly or deeply into a larger Object (includes abstract objects such as texts).

        Includes adjective senses 1 ND 2 of 'embedded' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) embedded - (enclosed firmly in a surrounding mass; 
             'found pebbles embedded in the silt'; 'stone containing many embedded fossils';
             'peach and plum seeds embedded in a sweet edible pulp')
          2. embedded - (inserted as an integral part of a surrounding whole;
             'confused by the embedded Latin quotations'; 'an embedded subordinate clause')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

EmbeddedComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmbeddedComputer`
Description	An ''EmbeddedComputer'' is a small computer that is special-purpose, seriving as part of a larger Device (such as an automobile) whose main purpose is not computing.. `Approximately the same as Wikipedia 'embeddded system': An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.`
Super-classes	DigitalComputer^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value NonComputationalDevice^c

Embezzling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embezzling

Description

''Embezzling'' is a subtype of the more general 'Stealing' in which some amount of money is taken secretly by use of fraudulent bookkeeping and/or improper transfer of funds.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'embezzle' in WordNet:
           1. (2) embezzle, defalcate, peculate, misappropriate, malversate - 
             (appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) fraudulently to one's own use;
             'The accountant embezzled thousands of dollars while working for the wealthy family')
         WN verb 'misappropriation':
           1. embezzlement, peculation, defalcation, misapplication, misappropriation - 
              (the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property entrusted to your care 
              but actually owned by someone else)

Super-classes Stealing^c
Fraud^c

Emblem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emblem`
Description	An ''Emblem'' is an AbstractImage that represents some Idea, Group, Organization, rank, status, or any other thing that it might be useful to represent in a succinct manner such as a simple image. This is the AbstractImage, and it has a physical representation in some ''IconicImage''. This differs from an ''Icon'' in that the representation does not have to have a resemblance to any observable physical object; the item can be represented in a very abstract way, or the intended reference may be represented linguistically or symbolically, or merely be associated by convention or custom with the ''Emblem''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emblem' in Wordnet: 1. (3) emblem - (special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.)`
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only IconicImage^c

EmblemObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmblemObject`
Description	An ''EmblemObject'' is a PhysicalObject that is an IconicImage in which the Icon represents some group or organization or rank or status in some group. This can be essentially all text, but it must be arranged in some distinctive manner that symbolizes its meaning in a way that simple text would not,s that it will be unique - e.g. a color or arrangement of the parts of the ''EmblemObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emblem'in Wordnet: 1. (3) emblem - (special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.)`
Super-classes	IconicImage^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Emblem^c
Sub-classes	Insignia^c

Embodiment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embodiment`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'embodiment' in WordNet: 2. shape, embodiment - (a concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept; 'a circle was the embodiment of his concept of life')`
Super-classes	GoodExample^c

EmbodyingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmbodyingSomething`
Description	''EmbodyingSomething'' is a ''RepresentingSomething'' performed by some PhysicalObject that provides a concrete example of the physical thing or abstract idea represented. For an ''ActorActress'' representing some Person or type of Person use the subtype 'Personifying''. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 3 of 'embody' in WordNet: 1. (3) incarnate, body forth, embody, substantiate - (represent in bodily form; 'He embodies all that is evil wrong with the system'; 'The painting substantiates the feelings of the artist') 3. (1) embody - (represent or express something abstract in tangible form; 'This painting embodies the feelings of the Romantic period')`
Super-classes	RepresentingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Embracing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embracing`
Description	''Embracing'' is a 'HoldingWithHand' (a ''TouchingState'') in which the holding is done with both hands as well as the upper parts of the arms, and the object held is usually another person (or pet animal). It is done as a sign of affection or friendship. The noun 'hug' is considered as a synonym of the verb; this is close to being a PersistentState, but does include the starting and ending of the Action. In CYC the closest is 'Hugging', done by both people: Hugging: Two people wrap their arms around one another to show their affection for each other. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'embrace' and noun sense 1 of 'hug' in Wordnet: 2. (3) embrace, hug, bosom, squeeze - (squeeze (someone) tightly in your arms, usually with fondness; 'Hug me, please'; 'They embraced'; 'He hugged her close to him') WN noun 'hug': 1. hug, clinch, squeeze - (a tight or amorous embrace; 'come here and give me a big hug') WN noun 'embrace': 1. (2) embrace, embracing, embracement - (the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection))
Super-classes	ExpressingEmotion^c HoldingWithHand^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Affection^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c requiredBodypart^op value BothArms^c
Sub-classes	Cuddling^c

Embroidered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embroidered`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'embroidered' in Wordnet: 1. embroidered - (adorned with embroidery)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

EmbroideringEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmbroideringEvent`
Description	The collection of craft events that result in embroidered objects. The performer uses a needle and fine yarn, and makes decorative stitches in a piece of fabric. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'embroidery' in WordNet: 1. (2) embroider, broider - (decorate with needlework)`
Super-classes	OrnamentalSewing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Embroidery^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Embroidered^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c

Embroidery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embroidery`
Description	An ''Embroidery'' is an ''Embroidered'' object. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'embroidery' in WordNet: 2. embroidery, fancywork - (decorative needlework)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value EmbroideringEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Embroidered^c
Sub-classes	Needlepoint^c

Embryo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embryo`
Description	A specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject. Each instance of this collection is a not yet fully-formed organism - - such as a mammal before birth, a bird before hatching, and a plant before sprouting from its seed. (Thus note that #$Embryo does not correspond exactly with the meaning of the English word 'embryo'.) Note also that in mammals the #$Embryo is not the same as the #$Fetus, since it includes all tissue that has decended from the fertilized #$Ovum, including the fetal part of the Placenta (#$Placenta-FetalPortion), the #$AmnioticSac, and the #$UmbilicalCord, as well as the #$Fetus. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'embryo' in Wordnet: 2. embryo, conceptus, fertilized egg - (an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life)`
Super-classes	EmbryoOrFetus^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Embryonic^c

EmbryoOrFetus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmbryoOrFetus`
Description	''EmbryoOrFetus'' merges the developmental stages of ''Embryo'' and''Fetus'' so that the whole period from fertilization to birth can be referred to conveniently.
Super-classes	BiologicalLivingObject^c
Sub-classes	Fetus^c Embryo^c

Embryologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embryologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embryologist' in WordNet: 1. embryologist - (a physician who specializes in embryology)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c Scientist^c MedicalDoctor^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Embryo^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Embryology^c

Embryology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embryology

Description

''Embryology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' concerned with how ''Embryo''s develop.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embryology' in WordNet:
         1. embryology - (the branch of biology that studies the formation 
            and early development of living organisms)

Super-classes Biology^c
Medicine^c

Embryonic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Embryonic

Description

The Attribute of an Embryo, which in COSMO is the lfe stage of any multicellular animal prior to birth, at an early phase of development, before it acquires recognizable features of the born animal. The later stage is termed ''Fetal''. Both stages are included in the attribute ''InUtero''.

  The term is also used metaphorically to things whose development is at an early stage.

  Corresponds to the attribute of an 'embryo' in sense 3 of RHW:
  'any multicellular animal in a developmental stage preceding birth or hatching'

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'embryonic' in Wordnet:
        1. embryonic, embryologic, embryonal - (of an organism prior to birth or hatching;
        'in the embryonic stage'; 'embryologic development')

Super-classes VitalityAttributeValue^c
InUtero^c

EmbryophyteSubkingdom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmbryophyteSubkingdom`
Description	A major group within the plant kingdom which includes those taxa whose members have an embryonic stage which is dependent on the parent plant for some period. Includes vascular plants (tracheophyta division) and mosses/liverworts/etc. (bryophyte division)
Super-classes	Plant^c
Sub-classes	TracheophytaDivision^c

Emerald^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emerald`
Description	A gem prepared from ''EmeraldStuff'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'emerald' in WordNet: 2. emerald - (a transparent piece of emerald that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem)`
Super-classes	Gemstone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Precious^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value EmeraldStuff^c

EmeraldStuff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmeraldStuff

Description

''EmeraldStuff' is the substance of which ''Emerald''s consist, a form of ''Beryl''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emerald' in WordNet:
          1. emerald - (a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone)

Super-classes GemStuff^c
Beryl^c

Emergency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emergency`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$DangerousSituations (hazardous #$Situations) in which death, significant physical injury, significant physical distruction, or significant financial (or other) disaster shall occur unless action is quickly taken to prevent (or significantly lessen) the pending injury or destruction. `The restriction 'convincedAgentToAction' assumes that something was done to address the emergency and that something should be represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emergency' and sense 4 of 'pinch' in Wordnet: 1. (10) emergency, exigency, pinch - (a sudden unforeseen crisis ( usually involving danger) that requires immediate action; 'he never knew what to do in an emergency')`
Super-classes	DangerousSituation^c
Restrictions	causes^op value HighPriorityTask^c convincedAgentToAction^op some HighPriorityTask^c
Sub-classes	HealthEmergency^c

EmergencyMedicalTreatment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmergencyMedicalTreatment`
Description	''EmergencyMedicalTreatment'' is ''MedicalCareEvent''that is geven in an emergency, when care is needed immediately. This is often peerformed outside of a hospital, including on-site, as when a Person is injured in an automobile accident or has a heart attack at home. `Q: how to distinguish this from non-emergency treatment subsequent to this type of Action?? Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'primary care' (which includes non-emergency consultations) in WordNet: 1. primary care - (the medical care received on first contact with the medical system (before being referred elsewhere))`
Super-classes	MedicalCareEvent^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op value HealthEmergency^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Therapeutic^c
Sub-classes	FirstAid^c

EmergencyProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmergencyProcedure`
Description	An ''EmergencyProcedure'' is a 'ProcessiveAction' (an Action in which an Agent(s) perform some series of Actions) which takes place due to an ''Emergency'' in order to prevent harm. `This is a real-word physical Event, not an abstract ''Procedure''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emergency procedure' in WordNet: 1. emergency procedure - ((medicine) a procedure adopted to meet an emergency (especially a medical emergency))`
Super-classes	ProcessiveAction^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value ProblemSolvingProcedure^c wasMotivatedBy^op value Emergency^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Urgent^c

EmergencyVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmergencyVehicle`
Description	$EmergencyVehicle is a specialization of `#$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$EmergencyVehicle is a vehicle, which is used for emergency and rescue situations. These include instances of FireTrucks, Ambulances, and, etc.`
Super-classes	TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	Ambulance^c FireTruck^c

EmergencyWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmergencyWorker`
Description	paramedics, policeman, firemen, etc - people whose job it is to help victims of accidents, fires, disasters.
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c
Sub-classes	FirstResponder^c Firefighter^c Paramedic^c

Emerging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emerging`
Description	Each ''Emerging'' is a ''TransferOut'' and an ''AppearingEvent'', an Event in which some PhysicalObject (Animate or inanimate) which was not previously visible to an observer leaves some place and thus becomes detectable (not necessarily visible) to some observer. The AppearingEvent in this case is caused by the motion of the object out of that Place. The Place exited is not necessarily a ''Container'' (could be a Woods or the Ground or a Cocoon or the calyx or bud from which the petals of a flower emerge or open up). For the case where some ''Fluid'' (liquid or gas) emerges from a place use the subtype ''IssuingForth''. NOTE that this type does not distinguish between coming out under one's own power and coming out by some other force. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'emerge' and noun senses 3 and 4 of 'emergence' in WordNet: 1. (36) emerge - (come out into view, as from concealment; 'Suddenly, the proprietor emerged from his office') 2. (9) issue, emerge, come out, come forth, go forth, egress - (come out of; 'Water issued from the hole in the wall'; 'The words seemed to come out by themselves') WN noun 'emergence': 3. emergence, emersion - (the act of emerging) 4. egress, egression, emergence -- (the act of coming (or going) out; becoming apparent)
Super-classes	AppearingEvent^c TransferOut^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Hatching^c IssuingForth^c

EmergingIntoExistence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmergingIntoExistence

Description

''EmergingIntoExistence'' is a property of Things (very broad) that are coming into existence.

       Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'emerging' in WordNet:
            3. emergent, emerging - (coming into existence; 'an emergent republic')

Super-classes Rare^c
Salient^c

Emeritus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emeritus

Description

''Emeritus'' is used mostly for academic positions where a faculty member such as a Professor no longer is required to perform her/his usual duties, but retains a position on the staff with the term 'emeritus' appended to the title.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'emeritus' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) emeritus, retired - (honorably retired from assigned duties 
             and retaining your title along with the additional title 'emeritus' 
             as in 'professor emeritus'; 'retired from assigned duties' need not imply
             that one is inactive)

Super-classes Alive^c

Emigrating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emigrating`
Description	Moving to a ''ForeignCountry'' (a different country from the starting place of the move). NOTE: the starting place is notnecessarily one's original native country, this could be a second or third Emigration. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'emigrate' in WordNet: 1. (2) emigrate - (leave one's country of residence for a new one; 'Many people had to emigrate during the Nazi period') WN noun 'emigration': 1. (1) emigration, out-migration, expatriation - (migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another))`
Super-classes	Migrating^c TransferOut^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value ForeignCountry^c hasSubEvent^op value ExitingaCountry^c

Eminence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eminence`
Description	''Eminence'' is a high level of 'GoodReputation', being not only a good reputatioon, but being .widely admired. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eminence' in WordNet: 1. (1) eminence, distinction, preeminence, note - (high status importance owing to marked superiority; 'a scholar of great eminence')`
Super-classes	GoodReputation^c
Sub-classes	Greatness^c

Eminent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eminent`
Description	''Eminent'' is an attribute of people who stand out from others,especally by being more accomplished or more respected by their peers. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eminent' in Wordnet: 1. (2) distinguished, eminent - ((used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation; 'our distinguished professor'; 'an eminent scholar'; 'a great statesman')`
Super-classes	Salient^c SocialStatusAttribute^c
Sub-classes	PreEminent^c

Emission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emission`
Description	A specialization of #$TransferOut. Each instance of #$Emission is an event in which something 'comes out' of a source, where the source in question causally contributes to that thing's 'coming out' (e.g., the source is a #$providerOfMotiveForce). The source of the emission is indicated with the predicate #$emitter. If the thing which 'comes out' is an instance of #$PartiallyTangible, then the event belongs to a more specific collection, #$EmittingAnObject. If an emission is the first sub-event of an instance of #$WavePropagation, then the emission belongs to the more specialized collection, #$EmittingAWave. `NOTE that this includes the special case where a wave (sound, light) is 're-emitted' from an object that can reflect the wave, as in echoing or reflecting. Includes noun sense 1 of 'emission' and verb sense 1 of 'emit' in Wordnet: 1. (6) emission, emanation - (the act of emitting; causing to flow forth) WN verb 'emit': 1. (3) emit, breathe, pass off - (expel (gases or odors)) WN verb 'discharge': 3. (2) discharge, expel, eject, release - (eliminate (substances) from the body)`
Super-classes	TransferOut^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op some (Object^c or GenericSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceShapeType^c or EmittableThingType^c or WaveType^c or Wave^c)
Sub-classes	Thunder^c EmittingAWave^c LightningEvent^c HeatProductionProcess^c MediaTransmitting^c EmittingAnObject^c RadioBeam^c EmittingStuff^c

EmissionSpectrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmissionSpectrum`
Description	An ''EmissionSpectrum'' is an ''ElectromagneticSpectrum'' that includes all of the frequencies of an ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' produced by some object radiating electromagnetic waves. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emission spectrum' in WordNet: 1. (1) emission spectrum - (spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a self-luminous source)`
Super-classes	ElectromagneticSpectrum^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Frequency^c

EmittableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittableObject`
Description	An EmittableObject is something that can be emitted in an Emission event; to be reasonable, it should be microscopic, like radiation. If something like a bullet is propelled, that would be a propulsion event
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	QuantityOfEnergy^c NanoScaleObject^c

EmittableThingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittableThingType`
Description	EmittableObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for EmittableObjects and for wavelike Events, in an argument restriction for the canEmit relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c QualitativeAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	MusicType^c
In range of	canEmitSound^op
Members	BetaRadiation PureTone AnimalSound Exclamation Noise Bang Uh-huh FireAlarmSignal CrashingSound InfraredRadiation ClappingSound RenewableEnergy BlackLight Bong SingingVoice Hmm Moo Snap Argh Cackle BoomingSound EighthNote Footfall SoundInformationBearingThing Cry ElectricalSignal TenorVoice BarkingSound NuclearEnergy Hiss ThrobbingSound Heh Whisper AlternatingCurrent HarmonicTone LoudNoise Bye Ho RadioWavePhoton MusicalChord Pop RumblingSound Aah Profanity Baa X-Ray Ping Lava BrightIlluminatingLight Snore Huh Hurrah Gunshot Woof BurningSpark MusicalNote Creaking HandClap mm-hmm Signal MicrowaveRadiation VisibleLight Beep Shh Photon Gosh BetaRay EmittableObject Counterpoint WhackingSound Echo RustlingAction Chug CosmicRay BaritoneVoice Gee Lamentation NeighingSound SunLight-Direct CandleLight SopranoVoice RingingSound PhysicalQuantum Speech Boom Oops Whining Daylight Amen OdorousGas SplashingSound Thud HoHo Oink LightEnergy GammaRay Pong MoonBeam YumYum LampLight MewingSound WhistlingSound Music Umm Tweet Overload Thunder SunLight MusicalHarmony Ding-Dong Sound RustlingSound SunBeam ElectromagneticSpectrum Rattling KnockingSound Oh Clack Wow UltravioletRadiation Stench Odor HeeHaw Cheers ShushSound Interjection InternalBodySounds Click SolarEnergy Ouch SirenSound AudibleSound Whispering Squeaking Voice Arf Whoa InfraredSpectrum Ah-ha Grunt Quack BowWow Clang BuzzingSound Gesundheit Hoot PolarizedLight HaHa LightBeam AlarmSignal IonizingRadiation Blaspheming InelegantSpeech VaVaVoom Eek Pshaw VulgarSpeech Vroom Uh ShooSound NanoScaleObject MulticoloredLight AlphaRay Splat OrchestraMusic Light GooseHonk OverTone Honk AlphaRadiation Ha HummingSound Sigh Yay CrunchingSound EmissionSpectrum Coo DrummingSound OdorAttribute MusicalBeat LowPitchSound ElectricCurrent SonarPing Racket Obscenity UltraSound Hey AlarmSound Whew Fragrance MoonLight

EmittingAWave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingAWave`
Description	COSMO note: The act of Emitting a wave and the Event of WavePropagationEvent are treated as two different types of Event; each instance of the former causes an instance of the latter. `NOTE that this type includes 're-emitting' a wave, as in echoing or reflecting. Therefore the 'emitting' object is not necessarily the originator of the wave. Cyc: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$Emission. Each instance is an event in which a wave is emitted at a #$fromLocation. For example, Themistocles ordering his fleet to withdraw; Miles Davis playing the trumpet; an emergency flare burning by the side of the road. See also #$WavePropagation.`
Super-classes	Emission^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value WavePropagationEvent^c hadEmittedWave^op only (EventType^c or WaveType^c or WavePropagationEvent^c or Wave^c)
Sub-classes	EmittingLight^c InformationBearingWavePropagation^c RadioBroadcasting^c EmittingSound^c EmittingaRadioWave^c Bonging^c

EmittingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingAnObject`
Description	COSMO note: this Cyc Type is reinterpreted to represent the Action in which an Object or Substance is emnitted. the subtype 'EmittingStuff' will represent emission of a gas or fluid, rather than discrete objects. The term 'emitting' may be misleading, since giving birth or laying an egg (which might be better terned 'expelling') is a subtype of this type. Cyc: A specialization of #$Emission. Each instance of #$EmittingAnObject is an emission event in which some partially tangible object (related to the emission event via #$objectEmitted) is emitted from something else (the emitter, related to the emission event via #$emitter). The emitted object goes from a place inside of the emitter to some place that is not within the emitter, and the emitter plays an active role in the emission. Notable specializations of #$EmittingAnObject include #$Bleeding-TheAction, #$PrecipitationProcess, and #$SecretionEvent. Note that shooting bullets from a gun is a case of 'propelling', not 'emitting'. Emitting is primarily for natural or continuous processes.
Super-classes	Emission^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (PhysicalObject^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	LayingAnEgg^c BirthEvent^c Spitting^c Ovulating^c

EmittingCarbonDioxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingCarbonDioxide`
Description	''EmittingCarbonDioxide'' is the Action of a ''Fire'' that burns organic material - ''Wood'',''Petroleum'', ''Gasoline'' or ''NaturalGas'' among others. `There are fires such as the burning of hydrogen ad oxygen in a rocket mtor, that do not produce ''CarbonDioxide''. NOTE: the relation ''hasStartingPlace'' is not 'functional', so there may be more than one 'starting place' for some Object or Substance.`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value CarbonDioxide^c isCausedBy^op value Combustion^c hasStartingPlace^op value BurningObject^c hasEndingPlace^op value AmbientAirObject^c

EmittingLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingLight`
Description	A specialization of 'EmittingAWave' in which the Wave emitted is 'Light'. Each Event of 'EmittingLight' directly causes a 'LightPropagationEvent'. The difference between 'EmittingLight' and a 'LightPropagationEvent' is that the emission only begins the 'LightPropagationEvent', which consists of propagation of the light waves potentially far from the source. Note that 'Light' in COSMO is a form of Energy while a 'LightPropagationEvent' is an Event.
Super-classes	EmittingAWave^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Light^c alwaysCauses^op value LightPropagationEvent^c
Sub-classes	IlluminatingTheMoon^c IlluminatingSomething^c ShiningLight^c

EmittingMethane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingMethane`
Description	''EmittingMethane'' is the Action of any Event that causes ''Methane'' to be released into the aatmosphere. this can be fomr an underground reservoir, such as is contained in shale or the gas associated with petroleum reservoirs, or release of the Methane in ''Tundra'', wich may occur by warming and thawing the ground, or produced in an Animal's gut by methane-producing bacteria.
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Methane^c hasStartingPlace^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c hasEndingPlace^op value AmbientAirObject^c

EmittingSmoke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingSmoke`
Description	''EmittingSmoke'' is the Action of some kinds of ''Fire''. Not all fires emit smoke, and smoke may be generated by some processes other than a ''Fire'' but in general, " where there's smoke, there's fire ". `NOTE: the relation ''hasStartingPlace'' is not 'functional', so there may be more than one 'starting place' for some Object or Substance.`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Smoke^c hasEndingPlace^op value AmbientAirObject^c hasStartingPlace^op value Fire^c

EmittingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingSound`
Description	A specialization of #$EmittingAWave. Each instance of #$EmittingSound is an event in which some instance of #$Sound is emitted from some wave source (see the predicate #$waveSource). Examples of #$EmittingSound include an explosion generating a sound wave, a plucked violin string resonating, a baby crying, and a person saying 'Hello'. `Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'sound' in WordNet: 2. (14) sound, go - (make a certain noise or sound; 'She went ''Mmmmm''; The gun went 'bang') 3. (9) sound - (give off a certain sound or sounds; 'This record sounds scratchy') WN verb 'make noise' 1. (2) make noise, resound, noise - (emit a noise)`
Super-classes	EmittingAWave^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	Vrooming^c Beeping^c Ringing^c MakingMusic^c Backfiring^c Buzzing^c Coughing^c MakingaCrashingSound^c Rumbling^c GooseHonking^c Resonating^c MakingaCrunchingSound^c Swashing^c Popping^c RustlingAction^c Clattering^c Hissing^c RingingaBell^c MakingAnOralSound^c MakingaBoomingSound^c Honking^c MakingaWhistlingSound^c HonkingaVehicleHorn^c

EmittingStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingStuff`
Description	The emission process (actually a transitive Event). The entity that performs the emission does not change its identity because of the emission. This can be used for emtting substances, whereas ''WmittingAnObject'' can be used for emitting an Object. Emitting a quantity of stuff might be classified under either of these depending on whether the Object concept or Substance concept is more salient. COSMO note: 'EmittingStuff' is interpreted as a specialization of the event 'EmittingAnObject'. In 'EmittingStuff' the thing emitted may be of a gaseous or liquid or solid nature, and the emission process a relatively continuous process rather than an abrupt event. Thus a radioactive atom emitting an electron would be an 'EmittingAnObject' event, while crying, bleeding, and emitting tears and weather precipitation would be an 'EmittingStuff' event. The borderline case of spitting would be EmittingAnObject, as would the event in which a skunk sprays foul-smelling stuff on another animal that disturbs it. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'emit' in WordNet: 2. (1) emit, give out, give off - (give off, send forth, or discharge; as of light, heat, or radiation, vapor, etc.; The ozone layer blocks some harmful rays which the sun emits')
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c Emission^c
Restrictions	produced^op some SubstanceType^c causes^op value Emanating^c
Sub-classes	Exuding^c DischargingaLiquid^c Effervescing^c PrecipitationFromSolution^c Transpiration^c EmittingMethane^c Spraying^c Ejaculating^c Sneezing^c Vomiting^c Exhaling^c Bleeding^c BlowingTheNose^c Farting^c Spilling^c EmittingSmoke^c Shedding^c Spewing^c Excreting^c Sweating^c EmittingCarbonDioxide^c PrecipitationProcess^c Burping^c

EmittingaBadBreath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingaBadBreath`
Description	is an ''Exhaling'' in which the thing exhaled is a ''BadBreath'' (offensive ''Stinky'' breath..
Super-classes	Exhaling^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value BadBreath^c

EmittingaGlow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingaGlow`
Description	''EmittingaGlow'' is a 'LightPropagationEvent' in which some object emits a steady light that is not from a flame,though the object may be hot enough to perform ''Incandescence''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glow' in WordNet: 1. (5) glow - (emit a steady even light without flames; 'The fireflies were glowing and flying about in the garden')`
Super-classes	ShiningLight^c
Restrictions	produces^op value VisibleLight^c
Sub-classes	BeingLuminous^c

EmittingaRadioWave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmittingaRadioWave`
Description	'''EmittingaRadioWave'' is a specialization of 'EmittingAWave' in which the Wave emitted is a ''RadioWave''. Each Event of ''EmittingaRadioWave'' directly causes a ''RadioWave'' (the event of a RadioWave propagating through some region of space). Each ''EmittingaRadioWave'' is an Event in which some object (not necessarily an ElectronicDevice) emits radio waves (by producing ''RadioWavePhoton''s.. `This is the most general emission; it can come from a distant quasar or a local internet router. . The difference between 'EmittingaRadioWave' and a 'RadioWave' (Event) is that the ''RadioWave'' (Event of propagation of a radiowave) is caused by and only begins at the time and place of the ''EmittingaRadioWave'' Event. SUMO; 'RadioEmission': Any instance of RadiatingElectromagnetic where the waves have a wavelength between 5 millimeters and 30,000 meters.`
Super-classes	EmittingAWave^c
Restrictions	produces^op value RadioWavePhoton^c alwaysCauses^op value RadioWave^c
Sub-classes	RadioWaveTransmission^c

Emotional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emotional`
Description	''Emotional'' is the attribute pertaining to an ''EmotionalState'' or to people whose behavior is dominated by an ''EmotionalState''. NOTE: this does not imply that someone who is ''Emotional'' is ''Irrational'', just that s/he is experiencing a strong Emotion but may still be capable of careful reasoning, while having strong motives to do something. Add 'EmotionalAction' (one caused by Emotion)? =? " ExpressingEmotion "? ''Irrational'' is somewhat similar to ''Emotional'' but being ''Irrational''can be due to delusions, not excessive emotion, so they are not identical or related as subtypes, but as siblings of the common parent ''Unreasonable''. Includes adjective senses 1, and 3 of 'emotional' and part of sense 1 of 'affective' in WordNet: 1. (19) emotional - (determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason; 'it was an emotional judgment') 3. (2) emotional - (of or pertaining to emotion; 'emotional health'; 'an emotional crisis') WN adj 'affective': 1. affectional, affective, emotive - (characterized by emotion)
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	EmotionallyDisposed^c Fierce^c Passionate^c Sentimental^c

EmotionalSensitivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmotionalSensitivity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensitiveness' in WordNet: 1. sensitivity, sensitiveness - (sensitivity to emotional feelings (of self and others))`
Super-classes	Sensitivity^c Action^c BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c disposesToFeeling^op value EmotionalState^c
Sub-classes	Sensibility^c

EmotionalState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmotionalState`
Description	A static Event during which a single individual experiences some emotion, such as fear, anger, joy, dread, terror, happiness. These stronger feelings are usually classified in a small number of categories. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emotion' in Wordnet: 1. (50) emotion - (any strong feeling)`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Emotional^c
Sub-classes	Loyalty^c Fear^c Agitation^c Enthusiasm^c Cheerfulness^c Pride^c Envy^c Morale^c BeingTiredOfSomething^c Delight^c Carelessness^c Reverence^c Boredom^c Freedom-Emotion^c Caution^c

Emotionally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emotionally

Description

''Emotionally'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that the attribute modified relates to an''EmotionalState'' or to an ''Emotion''

        Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'emotionally' in Wordnet:
          2. (2) emotionally - (with regard to emotions; 'emotionally secure')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

EmotionallyDisposed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmotionallyDisposed`
Description	''EmotionallyDisposed'' is a subtype of ''Emotional'' indicating not a temporary but recurring pattern of behavior motivationally dominated by an ''EmotionalState''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'emotional' in WordNet: 1. (19) emotional - (determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason; 'it was an emotional judgment') 2. (7) emotional - (of more than usual emotion; 'his behavior was highly emotional')`
Super-classes	Emotional^c PersonTraitValue^c BehaviorAttribute^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value ExhibitingEmotion^c
Sub-classes	Hotheaded^c Partial^c

EmotionallyExpressive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmotionallyExpressive`
Description	`Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'emotional' in WordNet: 2. (7) emotional - (of more than usual emotion; 'his behavior was highly emotional')`
Super-classes	Expressive^c

EmotionallySensitive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmotionallySensitive

Description

'EmotionallySensitive'' is a form of ''Sensitive'' characterizing a Person whose feelings are affected by the behavior or needs of other People..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sensitive' in Wordnet:
         2. (7) sensitive - (being susceptible to the attitudes, feelings, 
           or circumstances of others; 'sensitive to the local community and its needs')

Super-classes Sensitive^c

Emotionless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emotionless

Description

This is not necessarily a long-lived personality attribute, it can be temporary, as when performing routine Actions.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'emotionless' in WordNet:
         1. emotionless, passionless - (unmoved by feeling; 
            'he kept his emotionless objectivity and faith in the cause he served';
            'this passionless girl was like an icicle in the sunshine'-Margaret Deland)

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Emotive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emotive`
Description	`Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'emotive' in WordNet: 1. affectional, affective, emotive - (characterized by emotion)`
Super-classes	Expressive^c

Empathy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Empathy

Description

''Empathy'' is moreintensive Feeling than''Sympathy'' in that it allows one to understand and to some degree share the Feelngs that another person has.

        RHW'empathy': 1. the intellectual identification with or vicarious experiencing 
        of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'empathy' in WordNet:
          1. empathy - (understanding and entering into another's feelings)

Super-classes Sympathy^c

Emperor-HeadOfState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emperor-HeadOfState`
Description	The emperor of a country which is usually an empire. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emperor' in WordNet: 1. emperor - (the male ruler of an empire)`
Super-classes	Monarch-HeadOfState^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value LeadingAnEmpire^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShahJahan

Emphasis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emphasis

Description

An ''Emphasis'' is a ''MannerOfSpeaking'' that implies that the speaker places a high degree of importance on or has a intensity of feeling about the thing emphasized. This manner can be realized in speaking as stronger or louder pronunciation of certain words or, in writing, by bold or italicized text, or by repetition of the same idea being emphasized, possibly using different words.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emphasis' in WordNet:
           2. (7) vehemence, emphasis - (intensity or forcefulness of expression; 
           'the vehemence of his denial'; 'his emphasis on civil rights')

Super-classes MannerOfSpeaking^c

Emphasized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emphasized

Description

''Emphasized'' is an attribute value of text (''AbstractText'' or (physical) ''TextualMaterial'') that is a subtype of ''Strong'', modifying parts of text , specifying that the ''Emphasized'' text is written in a font that is bold or italicised or in all capitals, or set off by (for example) asterisks, or otherwise distinguished from the remainder of the text, as a means to signify that the ideas expressed in that text are considered by the writer of special importance or that the writer has a deep feeling about the ideas.

   For Speaking that is emphasized, use ''Emphatic''.

Super-classes Strong^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

EmphasizingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmphasizingSomething`
Description	''EmphasizingSomething'' is an ''ExpressingLinguistically'' in which what is conveyed (in speech, text, images, or sounds such as misic() is expressed in such a manner that it is clear that that thing has more than average significance or importance. This may apply to parts of something expressed, such as ''Highlighting'' in an image. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'emphasize' in WordNet: 1. (30) stress, emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accent, accentuate - (to stress, single out as important; 'Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet')`
Super-classes	ExpressingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Emphatically^c produces^op value Emphasis^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Emphatic^c
Sub-classes	Highlighting^c

Emphatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emphatic

Description

''Emphatic'' is an attribute value of ''Speaking'' that is a subtype of ''Strong'' modifying parts of speech acts, specifying that the ''Emphatic'' speech is pronounced more loudly, more forcefully, or more slowly to signify that the ideas expressed in that speech are considered by the speaker to be more significant or of special importance or that the speaker has a deep feeling about the ideas, or that communication or part is more important than other communications.

     The logical meaning of this is a quality of ''Speaking'' though it may
        have implications as to the meaning of what is spoken.
     For statements that are 'emphatic' or 'forceful' use
        ''Assertive''.
     For text that is emphasized, use ''Emphasized''.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'emphatic' in WordNet:
          1. (1) emphatic, emphasized, emphasised - (spoken with emphasis;
              'an emphatic word')
          2. emphatic, exclamatory - (sudden and strong; 'an emphatic no')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Strong^c

EmphaticPronunciation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmphaticPronunciation`
Description	''EmphaticPronunciation'' is a 'PronunciationManner' in which a person speaks more loudly, with greater force,or more slowly to signify emphasis.
Super-classes	PronunciationManner^c

Emphatically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emphatically

Description

''Emphatically'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that described the manner of speaking in some part of an act of ''Communication'' that indicates that that part has more significance or importance than other parts

      RHW 'emphatic': 1. uttered, or to be uttered, with emphasis; strongly expressive.
                    2.  using emphasis in speech or action.

       The only entry for'emphatically in WN does not seem to be close to the intended 
          meaning of this entry.
      Similar but not close to adverb sense 1 of 'emphatically' in WordNet:
           1. (1) decidedly, unquestionably, emphatically, definitely, in spades, by all odds - 
            (without question and beyond doubt; 'it was decidedly too expensive';
            'she told him off in spades'; 'by all odds they should win')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Empire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Empire`
Description	An ''Empire'' is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' in which some Ruling Person or Body (often an Emperor or Empress) has authority over a collection of previously independent Regions. In imperial Rome the ruler was nominally the Senate. It may or may not (as the 'Holy Roman Empire') have overseas territories. A country that does not call itself an 'empire' is not included, even if it has overseas territories. CYC: The collection of all instances of geopolitical entities that are ruled by an emperor or an emperess. Includes sense 1 of 'empire' in RHW: 1. a group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful sovereign or government: usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, or Roman Empire. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'empire' in WordNet: 1. (3) empire, imperium - (the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised)
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory^op only EmpireRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanEmpire http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ByzantineEmpire http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MughalEmpire

EmpireRegion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmpireRegion

Description

An ''EmpireRegion'' is the Region over which an ''Empire'' claims jurisdiction.

    Not distinguishes in WordNet for 'empire'.

Super-classes GeopoliticalRegion^c

Empirical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Empirical

Description

'Empirical' is the attribute of a method of testing or of reasoning that requires the experimental verification of any hypothesis (as contrasted with pure reasoning). This attribute is commonly called 'scientific', but the term 'Scientific' in COSMO is used for the more general attribute that pertains in any way to Science. The Wordnet gloss for 'Empirical' indicates that no theory is referenced in an 'Empirical' observation, but ni COSMO it is assumed that any observation makes sense only in the context of some hypothesis, even if it is informal - so no distinction is made between 'Empirical' and the second sense of 'scientific'. If necessary, this conflation may be dissected.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'scientific' and sense 1 of 'empirical' in WordNet:
    WN 'empirical':
      1. (4) empirical, empiric - (derived from experiment and observation rather than theory;
          'an empirical basis for an ethical theory'; 'empirical laws'; 'empirical data';
          'an empirical treatment of a disease about which little is known')
      2. (16) scientific - (conforming with the principles or methods used in science;
        'a scientific approach')

Super-classes Scientific^c

Empirically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Empirically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'empirically' in Wordnet: 1. (4) empirically, through empirical observation, by trial and error - (in an empirical manner; "this can be empirically tested")`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Employed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Employed`
Description	'Employed'' is the characteristic attribute of a Person in a ''JobSituation'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'employed' and sense 1 of 'working' (no distinction) in WordNet: 1. (1) employed - (having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary; 'most of our graduates are employed') WN adj 'working': 1. (7) working, on the job - (actively engaged in paid work; 'the working population'; 'the ratio of working men to unemployed'; 'a working mother'; 'robots can be on the job day and night')`
Super-classes	Alive^c
Sub-classes	Full-time^c Part-time^c

EmployedStaff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmployedStaff`
Description	`WN noun 'staff': 1. (533) staff - (personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task; 'the hospital has an excellent nursing staff'; 'the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions')`
Super-classes	Personnel^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c isEmployedBy^op value NewspaperPublisher^c hasMember^op value Staffer^c
Sub-classes	NewsroomStaff^c

Employee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Employee`
Description	A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Employee works directly for some agent (to which it is related via the predicate #$employees). This collection is disjoint with #$SelfEmployedWorker. See also #$HasPositionRelationship. An Employee may work for a company or an individual. Each Employee fills some 'EmploymentPosition' Role. `COSMO note: to classify someone as an instance of 'Employee' is is necessary to specify the agent for whom s/he is an Employee. An Employee will necessarily be a Person, and other organizations would be considered as contractors. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'employee' in WordNet: 1. (57) employee - (a worker who is hired to perform a job)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Affiliate^c Worker^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value HiringAnAgent^c isEmployedBy^op some Employer^c
Sub-classes	Dispatcher^c Professor^c GovernmentEmployee^c Scribe^c Bouncer^c Nurse^c Servant^c ConstructionWorker^c DeliveryPerson^c Cashier^c HiredHand^c Nurseryman^c ConstructionWorkerOrRepairman^c Janitor^c Nanny^c Staffer^c Workman^c NewHire^c RestaurantEmployee^c FeeCollector^c RailroadPerson^c GarbageCollector^c JobHolder^c Striker^c

EmployeeHiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmployeeHiring`
Description	COSMO note: This type is for hiring an employee for more than one specific task (as an employee, for a salary rather than a lump sum or hourly rate without minimum hours per week). The Employee must be a natural Person. For hiring temporarily without a person becoming an employee use 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething'. The borderline between official employee and contractor can be legally fuzzy. NOTE that the restriction requires that the state of employment ('JobSituation') be specified, which specifies employer and employee. CYC: A specialization of both #$MakingAnAgreement and #$OrganizationalTransferIn. Each instance of #$EmployeeHiring is an event in which some agent - either an organization or a person - hires a person to work as its employee. Note that a hiring event is viewed as occurring at the time the prospective employee accepts an offer of a job, rather than the (possibly later) time s/he first begins that job. See also #$employees and #$WorkAgreement. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'hire', verb sense 2 of 'employ' and noun sense 3 of 'employment' in WordNet: WN hire: 1. (33) hire, engage, employ - (engage or hire for work; 'They hired two new secretaries in the department'; 'How many people has she employed?') WN employment 3. (6) employment, engagement - (the act of giving someone a job)
Super-classes	HiringAnAgent^c JoiningAnOrganization^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some JobSituation^c produces^op some Employment^c
Sub-classes	EnteringTheMilitary^c

EmployeeLayoff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmployeeLayoff

Description

CYC: Actions in which a person's job ends due to the employer no longer affording to pay the person's salary or wages.

        NOTE: in WN this is a subtpye of 'closing' but a 'layoff' in COSMO
           does not have to be a complete cessation of operations.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'layoff' in WordNet:
           1. (2) layoff - (the act of laying off an employee or a work force)

Super-classes EmploymentTermination^c
ExpellingFromMembership^c

EmployeePlacement^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmployeePlacement

Description

''EmployeePlacement'' is an AppointingEvent in which some manager in an Organization assigns an Employee to some position in that Organization.

          Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'placement' in WordNet;
            however,WordNet considers this a 'contact', which is not
            the parent in COSMO.  in WordNet:
            2. (2) placement - (contact established between applicants and
                prospective employees; 'the agency provided placement services')

Super-classes AppointingEvent^c

Employer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Employer`
Description	An IntelligentAgent (person, organization, group of people) that makes an agreement with a Person to provide compensation in return for services. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'employer' and sense 2 of 'boss' in WordNet: 1. (14) employer - (a person or firm that employs workers) WN noun 'boss': 2. (4) boss, hirer -(a person responsible for hiring workers; 'the boss hired three more men for the new job')`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	hasEmployee^op value Employee^c roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value HiringAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	PublicUtility^c Business^c GovernmentalOrganization^c GovernmentalAuthority^c

EmployerPB^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmployerPB`
Description	Test entity meaning the same as 'Employer' but used only within this small test segment. See 'LegalEntity'
Super-classes	LegalEntity^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IBM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatrickCassidy

Employment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Employment`
Description	The reified relation (an Object) between one Employer and one Employee. The StaticSituation of employment (holding a paid job) is represented as ''JobSituation''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'work' and sense 2 of 'employment' in WordNet: 3. (96) employment, work - (the occupation for which you are paid; 'he is looking for employment'; 'a lot of people are out of work')`
Super-classes	SocialRelation^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value EmployeeHiring^c

EmploymentPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmploymentPosition`
Description	An 'EmploymentPosition' is a Role that a (usually employed) person plays (an Employee) with respect to the organization or person who hired her/him, or who is the supervisor, or with respect to an Organization within which the Role is being played. Such a post need not be paid employment. This differs from the subtypes of 'PersonWithOccupation' in being not a generic type of occupation such as 'Nurse', but a specific position in a specific organization or supervisi0on hierarchy, for example 'CEO of IBM'. NOTE that this differs from 'Job' in being the generic post within an organization. not the employment relation for an individual. A person can 'have' a job, but 'occupy' a post or position. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'position', sense 3 of post', sense 7 of 'office' in WordNet: 6. (12) position, post, berth, office, spot, billet, place, situation - (a job in an organization; 'he occupied a post in the treasury')`
Super-classes	SocialNiche^c Position^c
Restrictions	holdsInTimeInterval^op value TermOfOffice^c
Sub-classes	JobSituation^c Stewardship^c Presidency^c BeingaMonarch^c

EmploymentTermination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmploymentTermination`
Description	A specialization of both #$EndingAnAgreement and #$OrganizationalTransferOut. Each instance of #$EmploymentTermination is an event in which some employee (an instance of #$IntelligentAgent) ceases to work for his or her employer. The termination may be initiated by either party, or it may have been specified in the original #$WorkAgreement (q.v.) that specified the terms of the employment. Specializations of #$EmploymentTermination include #$Resigning, #$EmployeeLayoff, #$DischargeWithPrejudice, and #$RetirementEvent. `Can be 'quitting a job' or 'being fired (canned, riffed)`
Super-classes	BusinessEvent^c LeavingAnOrganization^c EndingAnAgreement^c
Sub-classes	TerminatingEmploymentAtOrganization^c FiringSomeone^c EmployeeLayoff^c ResigningFromEmployment^c

Empowering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Empowering`
Description	''Empowering'' is a form of 'GrantingPermssion'' in which one IntelligentAgent in Authority provides a second agent with formal 'authorization' (not necessarily written) to perform activites that are within the Authority's powers to perform,thus making the second agent into a stand-in or delegate or representeative of the Authority. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'empower' in WordNet: 2. empower, authorise, authorize - (give or delegate power or authority to; 'She authorized her assistant to sign the papers') WN noun 'authorization': 4. authorization, authorisation, empowerment - (the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant)`
Super-classes	GrantingPermission^c LinguisticCommunication^c Informing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Authority^c
Sub-classes	VestingWithAuthority^c

Emptiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emptiness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emptiness' in WordNet: 1. (1) emptiness - (the state of containing nothing)`
Super-classes	Existence^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Empty^c

Empty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Empty`
Description	Empty is an attribute of objects that have cavities inside (whether or not they are containers) specifying that they contain nothing (except air or some other fluid that can be removed to leave only gas). `An Object that is ''Empty'' can be used to contain things. But this is very varied, and the ability to contain things may not be a useful property for an ''IntentionalAgent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'empty' in WordNet, in WordNet: 3. empty - (having nothing inside; 'an empty sphere')`
Super-classes	Hollow^c
Sub-classes	Drained^c EmptyOfContents^c

EmptyOfContents^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmptyOfContents

Description

Empty is an attribute specifically for containers, specifying that they contain nothing (except air).

      Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'empty',
      however the metaphorical sense in 'empty hours' is not
      included here
     in WordNet:
        1. (32) empty - (holding or containing nothing; 'an empty glass'; 
          'an empty room'; 'full of empty seats'; 'empty hours')

Super-classes Empty^c

EmptyingCompletely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmptyingCompletely`
Description	Each ''EmptyingCompletely'' is a 'EmptyingEvent' in which some ''Container'' containing a ''Fluid'' is emptied of the contained fluid. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'evacuate' in WordNet: 2. (1) evacuate - (empty completely; 'evacuate the bottle')`
Super-classes	EmptyingEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value EmptyOfContents^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value FillingEvent^c hasObjectMoved^op value FluidObject^c

EmptyingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmptyingEvent`
Description	Each 'EmptyingEvent' is an Event in which some objects or substance is removed, or flows out of, some container - by a natural process or by an agent's action -so that the container has less of such material in it at the end of the Event than at the beginning. The EmptyingEvent need not be complete - a partial emptying, when the container is ''PartlyFilled'', is still an EmptyingEvent. This Event has two case roles - the container being emptied and the thing leaving the container; it may or may not have an agent doing the emptying (transitive and intransitive sense), but the emptying may be done by a natural process. `In CYC: 'EmptyingAContainer' Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'empty' in WordNet: 1. (4) empty - (make void or empty of contents; 'Empty the box'; 'The alarm emptied the building') 2. (3) empty, discharge - (become empty or void of its content; 'The room emptied')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c Translation-LocationChange^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value ContainerAndContents^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op only (PartlyFilled^c or EmptyOfContents^c)
Sub-classes	EmptyingCompletely^c DrainingEvent^c

Emu^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emu

Description

CYC: The collection of all emus. A very large, flightless bird.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'emu' in WordNet:
          2. emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae, Emu novaehollandiae - 
            (large Australian flightless bird similar to the ostrich but smaller)

Super-classes FlightlessBird^c

Emulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emulation`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Events; a specialization of #$ComputerProcessRunning. In every instance of #$Emulation, one computer system performs in exactly the same way (although perhaps not at the same speed) as another system of a different type. The emulator may consist solely of software, or be a combination of software and hardware. See also #$EmulatorProgram, #$EmulatorHardware, #$emulatesType. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'emulation' in WordNet: 2. emulation - ((computer science) technique of one machine obtaining the same results as another) WN verb 'emulate': 2. emulate - (imitate the function of (another system), as by modifying the hardware or the software)`
Super-classes	ComputerProgramExecution^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value EmulatorProgram^c

EmulatorProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmulatorProgram`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$ComputerProgram-CWs. Every instance of #$EmulatorProgram is a program written to perform instances of #$Emulation. See also #$EmulatorHardware, #$emulatesType.
Super-classes	ComputerProgram^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value Emulation^c

Emulsion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Emulsion

Description

A generic 'Emulsion' is a mixture consisting of a stable suspension of one substance, finely divided, in a liquid, or the dried residue of such a suspension.

    Emulsions of oil in water can be formed by agitating a mixture
    of oil and water with a surfactant such as soap or detergent.
    The emulsions used in photographic film contain minute
    particles of silver halide suspended in gelatin, spread thinly over
    a photographic plate or film, and dried.

       Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'emulsion' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) emulsion - ((chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids;
              'an oil-in-water emulsion')
          2. emulsion, photographic emulsion - (a light-sensitive coating on paper or film;
            consists of fine grains of silver bromide suspended in a gelatin)

Super-classes Mixture^c

En-Typesetting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#En-Typesetting

Description

An ''En-Typesetting'' is a length measure for typesetting that is relative to the size of a fint, equal to the linear space alloted to the letter 'n' and about half the spcace for a letter 'm'.

        'An en dash is half the width of an em dash.'

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'en' in WordNet:
            1. en, nut - (half the width of an em)

Super-classes VerbalQuantifier^c
QuantityOfStuff^c

EnDash^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnDash

Description

A ''Hyphen''-like character the length of one 'n' character. This may or may not be differentiated from the ''Hyphen'' in a typographical character set (or character coding system).

    RHW 'en dash':  (Printing) a dash one en long.

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

Enabling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enabling`
Description	''Enabling'' is a broad category of Events in which some Object (including agents) or Situation (potentially passive and natural) either facilitates or directly assists another Event, or removes a hindrance so as to allow an Event to happen. `The subtypes are are specific. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enable' in WordNet: 1. (44) enable - (render capable or able for some task; 'This skill will enable you to find a job on Wall Street'; 'The rope enables you to secure yourself when you climb the mountain')`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Letting^c Facilitating^c

EnablingPassageThrough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnablingPassageThrough`
Description	''EnablingPassageThrough'' is a subtype of 'HelpingSomethingDoSomething' that can be used for Physical features of objects such as holes or cracks or gaps that permit gas or liquid to flow through, or doors or windows that allow people or other things to enter or exita structure.
Super-classes	Facilitating^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c

EnablingTelecommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnablingTelecommunication`
Description	EnablingTelecommunication is the function of communication devices that allow communication over significant distances - not just amplifying voice like a loudspeaker, but converting signals into electrical pulses that can be transmitted ''Remotely'' over wire or optical fiber.
Super-classes	DesignFunction^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Telecommunication^c

Enamel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enamel

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'enamel' in WordNet:
           2. enamel - (a colored glassy compound (opaque or partially opaque) 
             that is fused to the surface of metal or glass or pottery for decoration or protection)

Super-classes InorganicMaterial^c
ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c

EnamelPaint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnamelPaint

Description

This includes the liquid before application and the hard solid dry coating produced when a layer of ''EnamelPaint'' has dried. A dried coating of 'resembles' a coating of the substance ''Enamel''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'enamel' in WordNet:
         3. enamel - (a paint that dries to a hard glossy finish)

Super-classes Paint^c

EncasingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EncasingSomething

Description

''EncasingSomething'' 'his leg was encased in a cast'

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'encase' in WordNet:
         1. (1) encase, incase, case - (enclose in, or as if in, a case; 'my feet were encased in mud')

Super-classes EnclosingAnObject^c
Inserting^c

Enchantment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enchantment`
Description	''Enchantment'' is a strong Feeling of ''Interest'' that causes a person to pay more than a little attention to something that is ''Pleasant''. As a DirectedFeeling, the 'something' that one has an Interest in is related by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enchantment' in WordNet: 1. (1) captivation, enchantment, enthrallment, fascination - (a feeling of great liking for something wonderful and unusual)`
Super-classes	Fascination^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Captivating^c

Enchantress^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enchantress

Description

The difference made in WN between this and ''Witch'' is unclear. The main distinguishing characteristic seems to be that the classic ''Witch'' is in league with the Devil(?) Is this related to Wiccan??

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'enchantress' in WordNet:
         2. enchantress, witch - (a female sorcerer or magician)

Super-classes Occultist^c
MythicalThing^c
FemalePerson^c
MagicalPerson^c

EncirclingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EncirclingSomething`
Description	Each 'EncirclingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent or Group of Agents forms a horizontal Circle-like object or formation of objects completely or almost completely around some PhysicalObject on the surface of the Earth, This could be a pack of wolves or lions surounding prey, or some Person building a fence-like object around a piece of land, or a Person drawing a Circle aoround something on a piece of paper, or anything resembling any of those kinds of action. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'encircle' in WordNet: 2. encircle, circle - (form a circle around; 'encircle the errors')`
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c SurroundingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value CircularObject^c
Sub-classes	BuildingaWallAroundSomething^c

Enclave^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enclave

Description

The physical and functional sides of an Enclave -- a small geographic region which is controlled almost completely by a foreign power.

        This is a (mostly) self-governing entity.  Cultural 'enclaves' are
         not yet represented.

        This is for RHW sense 1 of 'enclave':
         1. a country, or esp., an outlying portion of a country, 
            entirely or mostly surrounded by the territory of another country.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enclave' in WordNet:
          1. (1) enclave - (an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct 
             from the foreign territory that surrounds it)

Super-classes GeopoliticalEntity^c

Enclosed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enclosed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enclosed' in Wordnet: 1. enclosed - (closed in or surrounded or included within; 'an enclosed porch'; 'an enclosed yard'; 'the enclosed check is to cover shipping and handling')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	FencedIn^c

Enclosing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enclosing`
Description	''Enclosing'' is a broad range of Actions for ''KeepingSomething'' within some container or a spatially limited area. This is general, and the object can be something inanimate or animate. This can be puting a letter in an envelope (see subtypes ''EnlosingSomething'' and ''Inserting'') , a picture in a frame, or an animal in a pen, among a wide range of Actions restricting something to a location. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'enclose' in WordNet: 2. (2) enclose, hold in, confine - (close in or confine)`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c KeepingSomething^c LimitingAction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Keeping^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Enclosed^c
Sub-classes	EnclosingAnArea^c Confining^c EnclosingSomething^c FramingaPicture^c

EnclosingAnArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnclosingAnArea`
Description	''EnclosingAnArea'' is the Action of erecting boundary objects such as walls or fences to keep people or animals from entering or exiting or just to maintain privacy or for decorative purposes.
Super-classes	Enclosing^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value EnteringOrExitingSomething^c hadObjectModified^op value RealEstate^c
Sub-classes	FencingAnArea^c BuildingaWallAroundSomething^c

EnclosingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnclosingAnObject`
Description	Each ''EnclosingAnObject'' is an ''EnclosingSomething'' Action that creates a PhysicalObject (which could be by forming an ''ObjectGroup'' - a Group of PhysicalObjects) that more or less continuously surrounds something on the surface of the Earth. This can be building a wall or fence around an area, or perhaps a ring of objects, including a GroupOfPeople, around some other object; in this case the ring would be an ObjectGroup which would be considered as the PhysicalObject created. The surrounding object(s) can be dismantled or dispersed at any time after the 'SurroundingSomething' Event. `there are several relations starting with 'surrounds' that can relate the surrounding object created to the thing surrounded.`
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c EnclosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	EncasingSomething^c

EnclosingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnclosingSomething`
Description	This is the collection of all events in which something becomes enclosed. This can happen either as the result of an object moving into an enclosure, such as a person entering a room, or the enclosure surrounding the object, such as a hand grasping a pencil. 'Enclosure' means that the enclosed object is at least surrounded in a plane by the enclosure. The enclosing event is considered to last as long as the enclosed object is inside the enclosure. An enclosing may come about either by movement, growth or shape change. See related property ''surroundsCompletely'' This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enclose' in WordNet, and noun sense 1 of 'enclosing' and verb sense 1 of 'envelop' and parts of verb sense 2 of 'engulf' (for metaphorical or non-Physical things that 'enclose' something) in Wordnet: 1. (3) envelop, enfold, enwrap, wrap, enclose - (enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering; 'Fog enveloped the house') WN 'enclosing': 1. enclosure, enclosing, envelopment, inclosure - (the act of enclosing something inside something else) WN verb 'envelop': 1. (3) envelop, enfold, enwrap, wrap, enclose - (enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering; 'Fog enveloped the house') WN verb 'engulf': 2. (2) engulf - (flow over or cover completely; 'The bright light engulfed him completely')
Super-classes	MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c Enclosing^c
Sub-classes	Inserting^c EnclosingAnObject^c

Enclosure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enclosure`
Description	An Enclosure is a StorageContruct (a ContainerArtifact) that is intended to be used while stationary, and is typically too large for a person to carry. The protoypical enclosure will be outdoors, such as a fenced-in or walled-in area like a corral, but indoor enclosures such as wire cages that are locked to provide restricted access to objects inside a building also are instances. An Enclopsure should be open to some extent (such as an outdoor fence or an indoor wire cage), and a fully walled-off space would not be an enclosure but a room or building. `NOTE that this type represents the PhysicalObject that serves to enclose a space, and the space enclosed is not included as part of the Enclosure - that is a different sense. this corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enclosure' in WordNet: 1. (2) enclosure - (artifact consisting of a space that has been enclosed for some purpose)`
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c StorageConstruct^c
Sub-classes	AnimalPen^c DefensiveWall^c ArchitecturalNiche^c

EnclosureDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnclosureDocument`
Description	A ''EnclosureDocument'' is a ''Document-Physical'' inclosed in some piece of mail or a package that provides additional information concerning the Topic of the mail or the contents of the package. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'enclosure' in WordNet: 4. enclosure, inclosure - (something (usually a supporting document) that is enclosed in an envelope with a covering letter)`
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (Mail^c or Package^c)

Encoding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encoding`
Description	CYC: The collection of events where some data in an #$InformationBearingThing are tranformed from a more 'raw' or natural format to a more compressed/complex format. This is more specialized than the CYC gloss suggests - this type is for the kind of ''Encoding'' that uses a hidden key, and published information will not suffice to understand it. This is not for computer program 'coding' and not for data compression (see ''DataCompression''). SUMO: Converting a document or message into a formal language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small body of Agents. Generally speaking, this hinders wide dissemination of the content in the original document or message. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'encode' in Wordnet: 1. encode, code, encipher, cipher, cypher, encrypt, inscribe, write in code - (convert ordinary language into code; 'We should encode the message for security reasons') WN noun 'cryptograohy': 1. cryptography, coding, secret writing, steganography - (act of writing in code or cipher) WN noun 'encoding': 1. encoding, encryption - (the activity of converting from plain text into code)
Super-classes	AdaptingSomething^c IBTRecoding^c Writing^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Cryptography^c

Encompassing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encompassing`
Description	''Encompassing'' is a state that is a subtype of ''HavingaPart'', in which something includes more than one other thing in its makeup, perhaps being broader in scope than just the parts mentioned. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'encompass' in WordNet: 1. (4) embrace, encompass, comprehend, cover - (include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory; 'This group encompasses a wide range of people from different backgrounds'; 'this should cover everyone in the group')`
Super-classes	HavingaPart^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op some owl:Thing^c

Encounter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encounter`
Description	Each ''Encounter'' is a ''ComingTogether'' Event in which (at least one of) two or more Objects (at least one of which is Person) move from being more distant to being unintentionally together in some definable Region, usually where they can communicate with each other. NOTE that this differs from ''GatheringTogetherOfPeople'' in that the meeting of people in an ''Encounter''' is not planned, although at least one individual involved may have planned going into that particular location, it was not for the purpose of meeting the other party(s) in the ''Encounter''. ALSO,in an ''Encounter'' one of the participants can be an inanimate object, so that this is not necessarily a ''ComingTogether'' of People. Therefore this Action is ''Unintended'' and the ''Unintended'' part is the meeting of a Person with another Person or Object, not the moving to a particular place. In common usage one can also 'encounter' an Event going on at a place ('came across a holdup'), but usually the thing 'encountered' is an Object or Person. NOTE: for unexpectedly 'finding' something that was hdden or buried use subtype ''FindingSomethingUnexpectedly''. There is no sense of 'bump into' in WN with this meaning - added as 'en' word. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'encounter' and part of verb 'happen upon' (not meaning 'to discover' - a thing 'encountered' is not hidden or buried) in WordNet: 1. (18) meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across, see - (come together; 'I'll probably see you at the meeting'; 'How nice to see you again!') 2. (8) find, happen, chance, bump, encounter - (come upon, as if by accident; meet with; 'We find this idea in Plato'; 'I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here'; 'She chanced upon an interesting book in the bookstore the other day') WN noun 'encounter': 2. (4) meeting, encounter - (a casual or unexpected convergence; 'he still remembers their meeting in Paris'; 'there was a brief encounter in the hallway') 3. (3) encounter, coming upon - (a casual meeting with a person of thing) WN verb 'happen upon': 1. (1) fall upon, strike, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on, happen upon, attain, discover - (find unexpectedly; 'the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb'; 'she struck a goldmine'; 'The hikers finally struck the main path to the lake')
Super-classes	Action^c ComingTogether^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c
Sub-classes	FindingSomethingUnexpectedly^c

Encouragement^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encouragement

Description

A feeling of increased hope for achieving some goal.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'discouragement' in WordNet:
        3. encouragement - (the feeling of being encouraged)

Super-classes Hope^c

Encouraging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encouraging

Description

''Encouraging'' is an AttributeValue of anything that tends to encourage a Person (for any reason).

   isTheOppositeOf rdf:resource="#Discouraging"

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'encouraging' in WordNet:
      2. encouraging, supporting - 
          (furnishing support and encouragement; 
          'the anxious child needs supporting and accepting treatment from the teacher')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Encouraging-Inspiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encouraging-Inspiring`
Description	''Encouraging'' is an attribute of Events or Observations or of People that inspire hope that some aspect of the things being observed will turn out to become very good in some respect. `Of research results, it could mean that the theory being tested will turn out to be provably true, or the drug being tested will turn out to be therapeutically useful. In the subtype ''Promising'' it means that the Person being described appears likely to become successful in some field of endeavor. Logical consequence: gives hope. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'encouraging' in WordNet: 1. encouraging - (giving courage or confidence or hope; 'encouraging advances in medical research')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Promising^c

EncouragingCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EncouragingCommunication`
Description	A Communication which causes a person to become more optimistic and have increase hope about some situation. The Action in this Event includes both the communicating action and the increase in hope for the recipient of the EncouragingCommunication. An attempt to encourage that fails to do so would not be an instance of this type. NOTE: this is the act of communicating encouragement. The content of that act ('encouragement') seems to be conflated in WordNet with the act; @ToDo: the content (includes some assertion or hortatation) and the communication act should be distinguished. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'encouragement' in WordNet, and includes verb sense 2 of 'encourage ': in WordNet: 1. (3) encouragement - (the expression of approval and support) WN verb 'encourage': 2. (12) encourage - (inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to)
Super-classes	EncouragingEvent^c Communication^c
Sub-classes	Cheerleading^c Goading^c

EncouragingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EncouragingEvent`
Description	An Event in which something causes a person to become more optimistic about some situation; an Event that arouses increased hope in a Person. The Person being encouraged is a part of the meaning of each instance; therefore 'encouraging investment' or 'encouraging growth' are not instances of this type. This is not necessarily a communication from one person to another; some event, such as watching a person succeed in a similar endeavor, may cause a person to become encouraged. The specific subtype in which one person encourages another by a communication is 'EncouragingCommunication'. `NOTE that the restriction asserts that every act of encouraging results in some feeling of Encouragement. This may not be strictly true, but for now (rev983) we assume that at least some encouragment results. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'encourage' in WordNet: 2. (12) encourage - (inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to)`
Super-classes	ArousingAnEmotion^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Encouragement^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Encouraging^c hasDirectObject^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	EncouragingCommunication^c

Encroachment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encroachment`
Description	Entry by any number of animals (usually people) into some region or physical Object not previously having such animals,or such animals in that number (e.g. a locust infestation). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'encroachment' in WordNet: 1. (3) invasion, encroachment, intrusion - (any entry into an area not previously occupied; 'an invasion of tourists'; 'an invasion of locusts') WN verb 'encroach upon': 1. (1) intrude on, invade, obtrude upon, encroach upon - (to intrude upon, infringe, encroach on, violate; 'This new colleague invades my territory'; 'The neighbors intrude on your privacy')`
Super-classes	EnteringaRegion^c
Sub-classes	RaidingForLoot^c SpreadingOfaPathogen^c

Enculturation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enculturation`
Description	''Enculturation'' is a ''Socializing-Adapting'' to the behavior of the residents in a community (or country) into which one has moved one's residence. Common in immigrants. `Corresponds to part (for new residents, not children) of noun sense 1 of 'enculturation' in WordNet: 1. socialization, socialisation, acculturation, enculturation - (the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture; 'the socialization of children to the norms of their culture')`
Super-classes	ControllingSomething^c Socializing-Adapting^c InfluencingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value BehaviorTowardOthers^c wasPerformedByAgent^op only Person^c

Encumbrance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encumbrance`
Description	An ''Encumbrance'' is a ProblemSituation that requires a Person to pay attention to some matter and perform some time-consuming task. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'encumbrance' in WordNet: 1. (1) burden, load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus - (an onerous or difficult concern; 'the burden of responsibility'; 'that's a load off my mind')`
Super-classes	ProblemSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Onerous^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Worry^c
Sub-classes	Imposition^c

Encyclopedia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Encyclopedia`
Description	A reference work consisting of a large number (usually more than 100) of 'Article's, which is intended to provide a large amount of information about the whole world of knowledge (a general encyclopedia) or about some specialized domain (e.g. an encyclopedia of chemistry). CYC: The collection of all encyclopedias: generally, large reference works that aim to cover a broad swath (to varying degrees of depth) of human knowledge. Corresponds approximately to WordNet 'encyclopedia' sense 1 (the only sense): in WordNet: 1. (1) encyclopedia, cyclopedia, encyclopaedia, cyclopaedia - (a reference work (often in several volumes) containing articles on various topics (often arranged in alphabetical order) dealing with the entire range of human knowledge or with some particular specialty)
Super-classes	ReferenceWork^c KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some EncyclopediaArticle^c
Sub-classes	OnlineEncyclopedia^c

EncyclopediaArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EncyclopediaArticle`
Description	An Article that is included in, or was created to be included in, an 'Encyclopedia' (print or electronic)
Super-classes	ScholarlyArticle^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op only Encyclopedia^c
Sub-classes	WikipediaArticle^c

EndOfAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndOfAnObject`
Description	One or the other end of an Object that has perceptible ends. Thus can be a FrontAndbackSidedObject or a LongAndThinThing, or a TopAndBottomSidedObject.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'end' in WordNet: 1. end - (either extremity of something that has length; 'the end of the pier'; 'she knotted the end of the thread'; 'they rode to the end of the line')`
Super-classes	RelativeLocation^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Sub-classes	FlatEnd^c RearPartOfAnObject^c PointyEnd^c ShipsBow^c EndOfCordlikeObject^c Tip^c

EndOfCordlikeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndOfCordlikeObject`
Description	COSMO note:this is interepreted as either end of an object that is long and thin, of any size, including roads and rivers. `The collection of all cord ends, i.e. the end of a string, chain, chain of nucleotides. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'end' in WordNet, but includes only part of that sense: in WordNet: 1. (38) end - (either extremity of something that has length; 'the end of the pier'; 'she knotted the end of the thread'; 'they rode to the end of the line')`
Super-classes	EndOfAnObject^c
Sub-classes	BeginningOfCordlikeObject^c

EndOfRoomStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndOfRoomStage`
Description	An ''EndOfRoomStage'' is a ''StageForPerformances'' that is a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'', with the Front side facing the Audience.
Super-classes	StageForPerformances^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value Room^c

EndOfheWorld^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndOfheWorld`
Description	This notion of ''EndOfheWorld'' is a ''Doom' that is really ''Bad'' or ''Undesirable'', usually postulated in mystical, religious or fictional scenarios, and not including or related to scientific theories of hwo the universe may end or not end.. `NOTe that this is not an instance, but a type, because it is a purely hypothetical Event that can have may different theories as instances. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'doom' (not including the purely personal sense) in WordNet: 1. (3) doom, doomsday, day of reckoning, end of the world - (an unpleasant or disastrous destiny; 'everyone was aware of the approaching doom but was helpless to avoid it'; 'that's unfortunate but it isn't the end of the world')`
Super-classes	Doom^c PossibleFutureSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bad^c
Sub-classes	JudgmentDay^c

EndPointOfAnEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndPointOfAnEvent

Description

Each EndPointOfAnEvent is the last TimePoint (a ''DateTmePoit'') of some Event.
Each EndPointOfAnEvent ?EndPoint will be identical to the TimePoint that satisfies the relation: {?WholeEvent hasEndingTimePoint ?EndPoint}

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'end' and noun sense 3 of 'ending' in WordNet:
      2. (31) end, ending - (the point in time at which something ends;
       'the end of the year'; 'the ending of warranty period')

Super-classes TimeOfAnEvent^c
DateTimePoint^c

EndangeredSpecies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndangeredSpecies`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, 'EndangeredSpecies' is a metatype whose instances are BiologicalSpecies whose survival as a species is at risk. `SUMO: EndangeredSpecies is the subclass of Organism that includes plants and animals that are in danger of extinction from destruction of individuals or of habitat. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endangered species' in Wordnet: 1. endangered species - (a species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction)`
Super-classes	Species^c
Members	BlueWhale

EndangeringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndangeringSomething`
Description	''EndangeringSomething'' is the state of an Object that is thought of as a 'menace', i.e. may cause ''Damage'' to something else. The 'Thing' endangered is pointed to by the relation 'hasDirectObject'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'endanger' in WordNet: 1. (3) endanger, jeopardize, jeopardise, menace, threaten, imperil, peril - (pose a threat to; present a danger to; 'The pollution is endangering the crops')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Dangerous^c mayCause^op value Damage^c hasDirectObject^op some owl:Thing^c isPerformedBy^op value Menace^c

Endeavor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Endeavor`
Description	An ''Endeavor'' is the ''HumanActivity'' of some ''Group'' of one or more people to attempt (perform an ''AttemptingActivity'') to do something that is in some way 'new' - to advance knowledge, to develop new devices or substances (e.g. drugs) procedures for accomplishing goals, to produce a novel type of creative work. NOTE: this type of Action is done by both individuals and by Groups of people, but the production of novel creative works is usually done by an individual. For compactness, both are subsumed in this type (a 'GroupOfPeople'' can have as few as one Person in it). The individual 'endeavor' can be broken out as a subtype or separate type of ''AttemptingActivity'', when needed. `Corresponds to part (for common effort) of noun sense 1 of 'endeavor' in WordNet: 1. (5) enterprise, endeavor, endeavour - (a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness); 'he had doubts about the whole enterprise')`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some (NewDevelopment^c or NewArtifact^c or NewKnowledge^c or NovelThing^c)
Sub-classes	Research^c CuttingEdge^c CommonEndeavor^c

Ending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ending`
Description	This ''Ending'' is a ''PersistentState'' specifying that some Object has an 'ending' at some point in space or at some part. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'end' in Wordnet: 1. (53) end, stop, finish, terminate, cease - (have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical; 'the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed'; 'Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other'; 'My property ends by the bushes'; 'The symphony ends in a pianissimo')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some EndOfAnObject^c

EndingAnAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndingAnAgreement`
Description	A specialization of #$PurposefulAction and #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$EndingAnAgreement is an event in which some instance of #$Agreement comes to an end. For example, #$EmploymentTermination is a specialization of #$EndingAnAgreement.
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c
Sub-classes	EmploymentTermination^c

EndingOfAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndingOfAnEvent`
Description	Each EndingOfAnEvent is the last temporal part of some Event. Each such part (which is not necessarily unique, since the 'beginning of the end' may be chosen somewhat arbitrarily) will satisfy the relation {?END finishes ?WholeEvent}. NOTE that this is a subtype of 'StoppingEvent'; the difference is that an 'EndingOfAnEvent' is also a 'FiatProcessPart' and therefore its beginning can be chosen somewhat arbitrarily; in the case of a 'stopping event' in which an agent causes an ongoing Event to come to a halt, the beginning and end of that Action need not be arbitrary, but may have natural boundaries. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'end' in WordNet: 3. (23) end, last, final stage - (the concluding parts of an event or occurrence; 'the end was exciting'; 'I had to miss the last of the movie')`
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c SubEvent^c
Sub-classes	ShuttingDownAnActivity^c SettlingaDispute^c HealingEvent^c Culminating^c CeasingToExist^c Adjourning^c

EndingTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndingTime`
Description	'EndingTime' the TimePoint that is the last TimePoint or TimeInterval of some Event or TimeInterval. `One can say 'the application period ends on March 1st' - and if the specific time point is not given, the time period of that day is used. If a specific time point is intended, that can be specified. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'end' in WordNet, but includes time intervals as well as time points: in WordNet: 2. (31) end, ending - (the point in time at which something ends; 'the end of the year'; 'the ending of warranty period')`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Sub-classes	Deadline^c

Endless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Endless

Description

''Endless'' is the attribute of a LongAndThin object that has no ends, i.e. if it ever had ends, they were connected together to form a loop. This can apply to abstract or physical objects, but is used mostly for conveyor belts that are moved between horizontal spindles to carry objects on the top side. Also for chains.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'endless' in WordNet:
          4. endless - (having the ends united so as to form a continuous whole;
            'an endless chain')

Super-classes LoopShaped^c

EndocrineGland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndocrineGland`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endocrine gland' in WordNet: 1. endocrine gland, endocrine, ductless gland - (any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream)`
Super-classes	Gland^c
Sub-classes	Thymus^c PituitaryGland^c Gonad^c AdrenalGland^c ThyroidGland^c Prostate^c

Endocrinologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Endocrinologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endocrinologist' in WordNet: 1. endocrinologist - (physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c Scientist^c MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Endocrinology^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value EndocrineGland^c

Endocrinology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Endocrinology

Description

''Endocrinology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' and ''Medicine'' dealing with ''EndocrineGland''s generally and the endocrine system and its actions and disorders.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endocrinology' in WordNet:
         1. endocrinology - (the branch of medicine dealing with
             the endocrine glands and their secretions)

Super-classes Medicine^c
Biology^c

Endorsement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Endorsement`
Description	''Endorsement'' is an Action in which one IntelligentAgent (Person or Organization) `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'endorsement' in WordNet: 5. endorsement, indorsement - (the act of endorsing; 'a star athlete can make a lot of money from endorsements')`
Super-classes	ShowingSupportForSomething^c
Sub-classes	Auspices^c

EndorsingaCheck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndorsingaCheck`
Description	''EndorsingaCheck'' is a type of ''SigningSomething'' (which can be any kind of formal documentthat functions like a check in needing to be endorsed to be valid). Checks are usually 'endorsed' on the back. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'endorse' in WordNet: 4. endorse, indorse - (sign as evidence of legal transfer; 'endorse cheques')`
Super-classes	SigningSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Initials^c

Endoscope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Endoscope`
Description	A 'Endoscope' is a flexible tube-shaped optical instrument that can be inserted into an orifice or incision in a Person's body and both illuminate the interior and carry the image of the interior to a display device to allow a Physician to see inside the body with only small and repairable damage to the tissue near the surface. `CYC: An endoscope is a device used to view the insides of hollow organs or body cavities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endoscope' in WordNet: 1. endoscope - (a long slender medical instrument for examining the interior of a bodily organ or performing minor surgery)`
Super-classes	TubularObject^c OpticalInstrument^c MedicalDevice^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value LightEmittingComponent^c hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c

Endowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Endowing`
Description	''Endowing'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which a person gives some ''Donation'' (money or fungible securities) to a non-profit Organization (most commonly a School), to be maintained in an Endowment Fund that is used for the operations of the Organization or (if specifically earmarked) for some particular function of the Organization,such as scholarships to a College. `Corresponds to part (not for doweries) of verb sense 2 of 'endow' in WordNet: 2. (1) endow, dower - (furnish with an endowment; 'When she got married, she got dowered')`
Super-classes	PresentingaGiftOrHonor^c Donating^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Donation^c

Endowment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Endowment`
Description	A ''Endowment'' is a ''FundingMoney'' provided for the use of an Insitution.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'endowment' in WordNet: 2. endowment, endowment fund - (the capital that provides income for an institution)`
Super-classes	FundingMoney^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some FundingAnInsitution^c

EnduringThing-Localized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnduringThing-Localized`
Description	A specialization of both #$SpatialThing-Localized and #$SomethingExisting (qq.v.). Each instance of #$EnduringThing-Localized is a spatial enduring thing at which an event can occur or a situation can obtain. Positive examples include planets, the borders between countries, human beings, rocks, and atoms. Negative example include situations, events, abstract objects, and regions of space that exclusively act as possible locations for other spatial objects (see #$SpaceRegion). An important specialization of #$EnduringThing-Localized is #$Place (q.v.). The salient distinction between places (instances of #$Place) and locations (instances of #$EnduringThing-Localized) is that places are assumed to have relatively permanent locations, whereas locations need not have permanent locations. Thus, from the perspective of someone standing on a beach, the crest of a breaking wave can be a location at which foaming is occuring, but it cannot be such a place.
Super-classes	SpatialThing-Localized^c GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	SpatialPathSystem^c

Enemy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enemy`
Description	An Adversary in some serious ConflictEvent where the loser loses something significant that s/he had at the start. The ConflictEvent does not have to be a life-and-death struggle, but must include some bitterness and desire to inflict harm on the Enemy, otherwise it is an opponent or adversary (see 'Adversary'). `This includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'enemy' in WordNet: 3. (5) enemy - (any hostile group of people; 'he viewed lawyers as the real enemy') 4. (1) foe, enemy - (a personal enemy; 'they had been political foes for years')`
Super-classes	Adversary^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryEnemy^c

EnemyGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnemyGroup`
Description	A Group of ''Enemy''s of any size, whether individual people or collective agents.
Super-classes	AgentGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Enemy^c

Energetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Energetic`
Description	''Energetic'' is a broad Attribute of things including Events and animals (usually people) that display 'energy' in some sense. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'energetic' in Wordnet: 1. (4) energetic - (possessing or exerting or displaying energy; 'an energetic fund raiser for the college'; 'an energetic group of hikers'; 'it caused an energetic chemical reaction')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	All-Out^c Ferocious^c Lively^c Industrious^c Vigorous^c Tempestuous^c

EnergizingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnergizingaPerson`
Description	''EnergizingaPerson'' is a ''CausingaMentalEvent'' in which a Person or GroupOfPeople is stimulated to some form of Action,which can be paying attention or performing some physical Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'energize' in WordNet: 1. (1) stimulate, arouse, brace, energize, energise, perk up - (cause to be alert and energetic; 'Coffee and tea stimulate me'; 'This herbal infusion doesn't stimulate')`
Super-classes	CausingaMentalEvent^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Alertness^c
Sub-classes	Enlivening^c RevitalizingaPerson^c

Energy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Energy`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc this was named 'EnergyStuff'. A category is needed for energy, but the Cyc category is too heterogeneous, and is reinterpreted as being pure physical energy. As with substances and objects, the COSMO usage differs from Cyc. In COSMO Energy is viewed as a kind of Substance, though not a physical substance (and not phlogiston!). Energy is not a quantity of energy. In COSMO Energy is viewed as a form of Substance, and a Quantity of energy would be made up of Energy; relativistically, a quantity of Energy is equivalent to some Mass (i.e. equivalent to a PhysicalObject). Thus Energy behaves somewhat like a PhysicalSubstance, but to avoid unnecessary complications, it is not classified as a PhysicalSubstance, but as a GenericSubstance. In COSMO these distinctions are made; Energy - an abstract notion of 'Energy substance' or 'Energy Stuff' which specifies qualitatively the kind of energy that is contained in any given quantity of energy: potential energy, thermal energy, nuclear energy. Analogous with substance and Object in COSMO, a quantity of energy may consist of a density of energy multiplied by the quantify of matter that contains that kind of energy, or a rate of energy multiplied by the time of delivery. (A quantity of matter consists of a density of some type of matter multiplied by the space in which that matter is distributed. The conceptual units of this kind of 'energy' is (energy measure - of a particular type) divided by the (mass of matter containing energy at that density). This a lump of coal might have 30 kilocalories of chemical energy per gram, and that would be the kind and density of energy in that lump of coal. This category is not a particular quantity of energy and is therefore not equivalent to a physical object. It is more like a substance than an object. QuantityOfEnergy: In our universe an alternative form of matter. Each QuantityOfEnergy has some equivalent in mass, This is distinct from an energy measure - the analogy would be that a QuantityOfEnergy is an Object, and is measured by an EnergyMeasure, just as a PhysicalObject is measured by a MassMeasure. NOTE: Energy' and its subtypes are classified as instances of 'EnergyType' which is a subtype of 'SubstanceType'. Thus different forms of 'Energy' are instances of 'SubstanceType'.. Classical Forms of Energy: (these may not be logically disjoint) (Potential Energy includes some of these subtypes.) NOTE: some of these types may be converted into others by a ''ConvertingEnergyForms'' Event, which may be performed by a ''Transducer'' Device. Mechanical Electric ''Electricity'' Magnetic Gravitational Chemical Ionization Nuclear ''NuclearEnergy'' Chromodynamic Elastic Mechanical wave Sound wave ''SoundEnergy'' Radiant ''LightEnergy'' Rest Thermal ''ThermalEnergy'' EnergyMeasure Cyc Comment (EnergyStuff): The most generic collection of all instances of all types of energy, either in radiating wave form or in solid matter form, that may be used to provide a source of energy. NOTE: the physical sense of 'power' in Wordnet is exclusively for the technical units of energy/time, and does not apply to this type. There is no Wordnet sense that seems to include 'electric power', which is interpeted in COSMO as 'energy in the form of electricity' and is equivalent to 'electric energy'. NOTE; LDOCE seems to use 'power' instead of 'energy'. These two concepts are distinguished logically as ''Energy'' and ''PhysicalPower''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'energy' in WordNet: 1. (86) energy - ((physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; 'energy can take a wide variety of forms')
Super-classes	GenericSubstance^c Resource^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value PhysicalQuantum^c
Sub-classes	DynamicEnergy^c SoundEnergy^c Electricity^c MechanicalEnergy^c NuclearEnergy^c ChemicalEnergy^c ThermalEnergy^c PotentialEnergy^c LightEnergy^c

Energy-Renewable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Energy-Renewable`
Description	CYC: This is an #$EnergyType and a spec of #$EnergyStuff. It is the collection of instances of #$EnergyStuff which are derived from sources which are not depletable in the sense that they will likely be around about as long as we will be and our use of these sources does not deplete them. Examples include solar-, wind-, and geothermal-derived energy. Non-instances most notably include energy derived from fossil fuels. Energy derived from by-products of industrial or agricultural production should also count as #$Energy-Renewable, because the use of these sources, unlike the burning of coal, does not deplete a fixed finite store. `NOTE: the difference between this and ''RenewableEnergy'', if any, has not yet been determined. perhaps merge?`
Super-classes	RenewableEnergy^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Replaceable^c

EnergyConversionProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnergyConversionProcess`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$EnergyConversionProcess, energy is converted from one form to another.
Super-classes	PhysicalTransformationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Explosion^c Combustion^c ConvertingEnergyForms^c

EnergyMeasure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnergyMeasure

Description

Measures of the amount of energy contained in some physical object. The energy may be differentiated as to form, e.g. the chemical energy available when some fuel is combusrted will not be the same as the total evergy released by converting all the mass to energy, and is not the same as the heat energy that would be released if the object were cooled to zero degrees Kelvin. this measure needs to be used and interpreted in a specific context.

    As energy measures, one joule equals ten million ergs or 
    one watt-second.  The related power measure is in units
    of energy per time, and one watt is equal to one joule per second.

Super-classes ConstantQuantity^c

EnergySource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnergySource`
Description	An EnergySource is an Object or Substance or type of energy (e.g. sunlight) that contains some usable quantity of Energy. See 'Energy' for more detail about how Energy is represented in COSMO.
Super-classes	UsefulSource^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Energy^c
Sub-classes	Fuel^c CoiledSpring^c CombustibleFuelSubstance^c Sugar^c NonDestructiveWind^c CandleLight^c HelicalSpring^c Waterfall^c SunLight^c

EnergyStorageDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnergyStorageDevice`
Description	An ''EnergyStorageDevice'' is a Device that neither generates nor consumes power, but stores it in some form for subsequent use. `Common exampes are batteries and flywheels, but other types of energy storage are possible, such as pumping liquid to high reservoir and tapping the stored energy by allowing the liquid to fall (a common dam is not an example, because the water behind it is not pumped from a lower level).`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	hasThingKept^op value Energy^c
Sub-classes	Flywheel^c

EnergyTransferEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnergyTransferEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$Translocation. Each instance of #$EnergyTransferEvent is an event in which energy is transferred from at least one instance of #$PartiallyTangible to at least one other instance of #$PartiallyTangible. Important specializations of #$EnergyTransferEvent include #$Freezing and #$Condensing.
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	Discharge^c AbsorptionOfRadiation^c TemperatureChangingProcess^c HeatProductionProcess^c

EnergyType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnergyType`
Description	EnergyType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for types of Energy and an argument restriction for the isaSourceOf relation. In COSMO Energy is viewed as a form of Substance, and a Quantity of energy would be made up of Energy; relativistically, a quantity of Energy is equivalent to some Mass (i.e. equivalent to a PhysicalObject). Thus Energy behaves somewhat like a PhysicalSubstance, but to avoid unnecessary complications, it is not classified as a PhysicalSubstance, but as a GenericSubstance. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	GenericSubstanceType^c InheritableType^c
In range of	usesEnergyType^op
Members	Radiation Energy-Renewable KineticEnergy NuclearEnergy CosmicRay SunLight-Direct CandleLight Daylight SoundEnergy LightEnergy MoonBeam LampLight WindEnergy MicrowaveRadiation SunLight VisibleLight ChemicalEnergy SunBeam ElectromagneticSpectrum NuclearGeneratedElectricity UltravioletRadiation SolarEnergy ThermalEnergy InfraredSpectrum FoodEnergy Energy LightBeam GammaRay RadioWave IonizingRadiation HighEnergy AlphaRadiation EmissionSpectrum MechanicalEnergy InfraredRadiation PolarizedLight RenewableEnergy BlackLight MulticoloredLight Hydropower Light GeothermalPower DynamicEnergy MoonLight X-Ray BrightIlluminatingLight BetaRadiation Electricity

EnergyUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnergyUnit`
Description	An ''EnergyUnit'' is a unit used to measure quantities of 'energy'. NOTE that 'energy' comes in different forms - heat and work. This type has instances that include measurements of both types of energy. `NOTE: the units of 'heat' and 'work' can be represented separately as subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'energy unit' in WordNet: 1. work unit, heat unit, energy unit - (a unit of measurement for work)`
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Sub-classes	HeatUnit^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BTUs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#foot-pounds http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ergs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#therms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#joules http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#calories

EnforcingRules^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnforcingRules`
Description	CYC: ('EnforcingSomething'): Enforcing or monitoring a proposition to be true. If it is violated, the performer should perform some action. This task is performed by #$FlightAttendant, LifeGuard, and #$SecurityGuard. This unit may have a slot to specify what proposition is enforced. But we are not creating it at this stage. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enforce' and noun sense 1 of 'enforcement' in WordNet: 1. (17) enforce, implement, apply - (ensure observance of laws and rules; 'Apply the rules to everyone';) WN noun 'enforcement': 1. (3) enforcement - (the act of enforcing; insuring observance of or obedience to)
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	LawEnforcementActivity^c

EngagedToBeMarried^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EngagedToBeMarried

Description

''EngagedToBeMarried'' is an attribute of people who have made a mutual agreement to marry each other (to wed), whether it is formally announced or kept private.

    isTheOppositeOf rdf:resource= #Unoccupied (unattached? not in a relationship?
       free to marr?

       CYC 'Engaged': 
         The attribute of being engaged to be married.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 8 of 'engaged' in WordNet:
         8. affianced, bespoken, betrothed, engaged, pledged - (pledged to be married;
            'the engaged couple')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Engagement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engagement`
Description	An ''Agreement'' to get married. Making this agreement is ''GettingEngaged'' and the two who have this Agreement are in the state of 'BeingEngaged''. `NOTE: the agreement represented by ''Engagement'' and the state of ''BeingEngaged'' are an Object and State, respectively, closely related but that relation is not yet (Rev1303) formalized. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'engagement' in WordNet: 3. (2) betrothal, troth, engagement - (a mutual promise to marry)`
Super-classes	Agreement^c
Restrictions	causes^op value BeingEngaged^c

Engaging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engaging`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'engaging' in Wordnet: 1. engaging, piquant - (attracting or delighting; 'an engaging frankness'; 'a piquant face with large appealing eyes')`
Super-classes	Pleasant^c

EngagingInAnActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EngagingInAnActivity`
Description	''EngagingInAnActivity'' is both ''PerformingSomeAction'' and ''Participation'', representing a type of Action more specific than just 'some action' but one in which the action is more than brief often continuing over years, and the agent doing the ''Participation'' has that activity as one of her/his principle concerns during the time of participation in the activity. This is vague, as is the use of 'engage in'. `The RHW sense seems to be transitive, but there is no intransitive sense, so this can be considered as including 'engage oneself or someone else' RHW 'engage' sense 1: to occupy the attention or efforts of (a person or persons): He engaged her in conversation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engage' in WordNet: 1. (31) prosecute, engage, pursue - (carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in; 'She pursued many activities'; 'They engaged in a discussion')`
Super-classes	PerformingSomeAction^c Participation^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Busy^c
Sub-classes	DoingThingsTogether^c Thinking^c Partygoing^c ThinkingAboutSomething^c WorkingEvent^c AccompanyingaPerson^c

EngagingaWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EngagingaWorker`
Description	Each 'EngagingaWorker' is an instance of 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' in which the 'something' is a service that does not require the hirer to 'rent' equipment, though the Worker may use any kind of equipment in performing the service (e.g. mowing the lawn, digging a ditch) but uses the device him/herself; and in which the person hired does not become a regular employee,even part-time,but only a contractor. In the following WN synset, 'take a guide' is an example as is 'retaining a lawyer' The ''Contractor'' hired includes companies that do contract work and also individuals who work ('gigs') under contract (''ContractWorker''s). Includes verb senses 4 and parts of senses 3, 8, and 9 of 'engage' in WordNet: 3. (2) hire, engage, employ - (engage or hire for work; 'They hired two new secretaries in the department'; 'How many people has she employed?') 4. (1) engage - (ask to represent; of legal counsel; 'I'm retaining a lawyer') 8. engage, enlist - (hire for work or assistance; 'engage aid, help, services, or support') 9. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?')
Super-classes	HiringSomeoneToDoSomething^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHired^op some Contractor^c
Sub-classes	ReservingaService^c FillingaPosition^c

Engendering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engendering`
Description	''Engendering'' is a type of ''CausingSomething'' in which the thing caused is not just a short-term event but a more prolonged state (''PersistentState'') or process (''ProcessiveEvent'') `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'engender' in WordNet: 1. (6) engender, breed, spawn - (call forth)`
Super-classes	CausingSomething^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some (PersistentState^c or ProcessiveEvent^c)

Engine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engine`
Description	COSMO note: an 'Engine' in a vehicle is sometimes called a 'motor', so both terms are mapped to this specilization of 'Motor'. The Cyc 'Engine' has a meaning closer to COSMO 'Motor',the parent of this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engine' in WordNet: 1. (14) engine - (motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work)`
Super-classes	Motor^c
Sub-classes	Windmill^c Turbine^c InternalCombustionEngine^c ExternalCombustionEngine^c RocketEngine^c

EngineOfAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EngineOfAction`
Description	'EngineOfAction' represents the metaphorical use of 'engine' as something that causes or can be used by some IntelligentAgent to achieve some Goal. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'engine' in WordNet: 2. (2) engine - (something used to achieve a purpose; 'an engine of change')`
Super-classes	Cause^c
Restrictions	typicallyProduces^op only (Goal^c or GoalType^c)

Engineer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engineer`
Description	A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Engineer is a professional who works in some branch of engineering (see the constant #$EngineeringField). Notable specializations of #$Engineer include #$ElectricalEngineer, #$ChemicalEngineer, #$CivilEngineer, and #$MechanicalEngineer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engineer' in WordNet: 1. (13) engineer, applied scientist, technologist - (a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Graduate^c Professional-Adult^c Expert^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Engineering^c canCreate^op value DesignForaDevice^c
Sub-classes	ComputerProgrammer^c

Engineered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engineered

Description

''Engineered'' is the attribute of a ''System', produced by an ''EngineeringaDesign'' Action.

        No WN sense of 'engineered'

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Engineering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engineering`
Description	''Engineering'' is any of a number of ''FieldOfStudy''s that apply ''Science'' as a 'method' and 'scientific knowledge' to the solution of practical problems, especally to developing Devices or Structures that do useful things. The design of Structures is studied in ''Architecture'' and ''Architecture'' in COSMO is classified as subtype of ''Engineering'' Sometimes solving a practical problem requires generating new knowledge, and in that case the two concepts are both present as motivation for the activity 'AppliedResearch'; See 'AppliedResearch'. Engineering has many subtypes depending on the branch of Science that is predominantly used in solving its problems. NOte: this is not an ''Occupation'': Occupation is an Action and this is a subtype of the disjoint ''Object''. In SUMO 'EngineeringDomain' is a subclass of 'ScienceDomain',but in in COSMO 'Engineering' is not a subclass of 'Science' which is considered as 'pure science' (perhaps this should be rearranged?) In Cyc apparently called 'EngineeringField', but that class is not in OpenCyc. NOTE: the term 'tech' is used as a shorthand for 'technology' especially in 'high tech' or 'low tech'. RHW 'tech': 3. technology: She has a good grasp of computer tech. [by shortening] (it is also sometimes used to refer to a technician) Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'engineering' in WordNet: 1. (6) technology, engineering - (the practical application of science to commerce or industry) 2. (2) engineering, engineering science, applied science, technology - (the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems; 'he had trouble deciding which branch of engineering to study')
Super-classes	Science^c
Sub-classes	ComputerScience^c Nanotechnology^c HighTechnology^c Architecture^c

EngineeringComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EngineeringComponent`
Description	COSMO note: an EngineeringComponent is an artifact that is a part of a larger artifact, and is separately manufactured prior to assembly into the whole. A motor is an EngineeringComponent of a motor vehicle. For parts of ArtifactObjects that have arbitrary or vague boundaries (not manufactured separately) use the parent 'PartOfanArtifact'. SUMO: A fundamental concept that applies in many engineering domains. An EngineeringComponent is an element of a Device that is a physically whole object, such as one might see listed as standard parts in a catalog. The main difference between EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs of matter is that EngineeringComponents are object-like in a modeling sense. Thus, an EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion, but a part of a system with a stable identity. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'component' in WordNet: 3. (6) component, constituent, element - (an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system; 'spare components for cars'; 'a component or constituent element of a system')
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c Device^c Component^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some ArtifactObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Handle^c ResetButton^c GunTrigger^c GunBarrel^c WorkingHead^c MechanicalComponent^c ElectronicComponent^c ElectricalComponent^c Module^c ComputerHardwareComponent^c

EngineeringaDesign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EngineeringaDesign`
Description	''EngineeringaDesign'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' performed by an ''Engineer'' to produce design for a useful artifact. `RHW verb 'engineer' 6. to plan, construct, or manage as an engineer: He's engineered several big industrial projects. 7. to design or create using the techniques or methods of engineering: The motor has been engineered to run noiselessly. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'engineer' in WordNet: 1. engineer - (design as an engineer; 'He engineered the water supply project')`
Super-classes	DesigningEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Engineer^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Engineered^c

English^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#English

Description

A PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to England, the English people, or the English language.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'English' in WordNet:
       1. (36) English - (of or relating to or characteristic of England or 
          its culture or people; 'English history'; 'the English landed aristocracy';
          'English literature')
       2. English - (of or relating to the English language)

Super-classes National^c

English-speaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#English-speaking`
Description	''English-speaking'' is a subattribute of ''AbleToSpeakaLanguage'' where the language is the ''EnglishLanguage''. Full fluency would be a subtype.
Super-classes	AbleToSpeakaLanguage^c

EnglishMoustache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnglishMoustache`
Description	An ''EnglishMoustache' is a ''Moustache'' of a kind that is common among Englishmen. `Shape??`
Super-classes	Moustache^c
Restrictions	isMostlyWornBy^op value EnglishPerson^c

EnglishPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnglishPeople`
Description	The English people, collectively.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only EnglishPerson^c

EnglishPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnglishPerson

Description

A BritishPerson living in or born in England (as contrasted with a Scotsman or Welshman).

       Ignoring sex distinctions here.
       Corresponds top noun sense 1 of 'Englishman' in WordNet:
        1. (6) Englishman - (a man who is a native or inhabitant of England)

Super-classes BritishPerson^c

Engraving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engraving

Description

A ''Engraving'' is something ike a ''LineDrawing'', but is a Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) produced by printing on a sheet of paper an image that is created by transferring ink from the surface of an engraving block, which has the desired image represented by the gaps between lines engraved or cut or etched into the block..

         @ToDo: need to differentiate this from other Prints, by representing the
         'engraving' block.

       An ''Engraving'' is, like a ''LineDrawing''  also composed of lines, but the lines on a printed
       ''Engraving'' are the reverse image of the lines drawn on the engraving block, so that
       is not quite a subtype of ''LineDrawing''

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engraving' in WordNet:
            1. engraving - (a print made from an engraving)

Super-classes Print^c

EngravingBlock^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EngravingBlock

Description

An ''EngravingBlock'' is a ''Engraving'' is something ike a ''LineDrawing'', but is a Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) produced by printing on a sheet of paper an image that is created by transferring ink from the surface of an engraving block, which has the desired image represented by the gaps between lines engraved or cut or etched into the block..

         @ToDo: need to differentiate this from other Prints, by representing the
         'engraving' block.

       An ''Engraving'' is, like a ''LineDrawing''  also composed of lines, but the lines on a printed
       ''Engraving'' are the reverse image of the lines drawn on the engraving block, so that
       is not quite a subtype of ''LineDrawing''

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engraving' in WordNet:
            1. engraving - (a print made from an engraving)

Super-classes Print^c

Engrossed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engrossed`
Description	''Engrossed'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is deeply focused on and ''Interested'' in and attentive to something - usually external but possibly internal thoughts. For being absorbed in an activity, use subtype ''AbsorbedIn''. For the attribute of a ''MetalState'' of deep absorption use subtype ''Preoccupied'' The words used for being absorbed in internal thought and in working are similar, but this type is the one to use for internal thought, and the subtype ''AbsorbedIn'' for focused action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'engrossed' in Wordnet: 1. (7) captive, absorbed, engrossed, enwrapped, intent, wrapped - (giving or marked by complete attention to; 'that engrossed look or rapt delight'; 'then wrapped in dreams'; 'so intent on this fantastic...narrative that she hardly stirred'- Walter de la Mare; 'rapt with wonder'; 'wrapped in thought')
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c Attentive^c Interested^c
Sub-classes	Preoccupied^c Hectic^c AbsorbedIn^c

Engrossing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engrossing`
Description	''Engrossing'' is a ''Concentrating'' on some topic that is more than brief, occupying at least an hour and possibly years, and more intense than usual for a short-term focusing on a topic or task.. `This may be but is not necessarily caused by a Topic ''EngrossingaPerson'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'engross' in WordNet: 1. (1) steep, immerse, engulf, plunge, engross, absorb, soak up - (engross (oneself) fully; 'He immersed himself into his studies')`
Super-classes	Concentrating^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prolonged^c mayBeCausedBy^op value EngrossingaPerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c

EngrossingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EngrossingaPerson`
Description	Each ''EngrossingaPerson'' is an Event that causes a Person to perform an ''Engrossing'' Action, concentrating on (immersing oneself in, steeping oneself in, becoming absorbed by) the Topic that does the ''EngrossingaPerson'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'engross' in WordNet: 2. absorb, engross, engage, occupy - (engage or engross wholly; "Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely")`
Super-classes	InterestingaPerson^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Engrossing^c isPerformedBy^op value Topic^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Engrossed^c

Engword^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Engword`
Description	A Word of the English language. The NamespacePrefix 'ENG_' can be used to reify English words. Thus an instance of this Type named 'ENG_holy' is the English word 'holy'. Capitalization can be specified as an attribute of the string..
Super-classes	Word^c

Enhanced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enhanced

Description

An AttributeValue of things that have been improved or had some quality increased by a ''EnhancingSomething'' Event.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enhanced' in Wordnet:
        1. enhanced - (increased or intensified in value or beauty or quality;
           'her enhanced beauty was the result of a good night's sleep rather than makeup';
           'careful cleaning was responsible for the enhanced value of the painting')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Enhancement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enhancement`
Description	An ''Enhancement'' is an ''EnhancingSomething'' that is also an ''ImprovementEvent'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enhancement' in WordNet: 1. enhancement, sweetening - (an improvement that makes something more agreeable)`
Super-classes	EnhancingSomething^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Pleasantness^c

EnhancingAppearance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnhancingAppearance`
Description	The Action in which a Person (or persons) makes some change(s) in his/her/their own appearance, or in the appearance of some object (as in cleaning the house) for the purpose of making the thing changed appear more pleasant to themselves or to other people. `This Action and its subtype ''PersonalGrooming'' serve to create the ''PublicFace'' (an AttributeType) that a Person wants to present to the public. Enhanceing taste? TasteType @ToDo: Relate to: beauty AttractivenessValue (need 'AttractivenessType'>) Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'enhance' in WordNet: 2. (4) enhance - (make better or more attractive; 'This sauce will enhance the flavor of the meat')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c EnhancingSomething^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c) causesIncreaseIn^op value AttractivenessValue^c
Sub-classes	PersonalGrooming^c

EnhancingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnhancingSomething`
Description	''EnhancingSomething'' is an ''Intensifying'' of some Attribute or AttributeValue (both ''Event'' and ''EventType'' are included as objects so that increases in intensity of Feelings can be represented) `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enhance' in WordNet: 1. (5) enhance, heighten, raise - (increase; 'This will enhance your enjoyment'; 'heighten the tension')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c Intensifying^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op some (Attribute^c or AttributeType^c or AttributeValueType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Enriching^c Enhancement^c ImprovingFunctionality^c EnhancingAppearance^c

Enigmatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enigmatic

Description

An attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are even moredifficult to understand than those that are ''DifficultToUnderstand''.

       NOTE: differences in usage unclear at this point.Needs many examples.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enigmatic' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) enigmatic, enigmatical, puzzling - (not clear to the understanding;
             'I didn't grasp the meaning of that enigmatic comment until much later';
             'prophetic texts so enigmatic that their meaning has been disputed for centuries')

Super-classes DifficultToUnderstand^c

Enjoining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enjoining`
Description	''Enjoining'' is an Ordering by a ''Court-Judicial'' prohibiting some person(s) from performing (or not performing) some Actions. The contenct of the prohibition is an ''Injunction''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enjoin' in WordNet: 1. (2) enjoin - (issue an injunction)`
Super-classes	JudicialDecision^c Forbidding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Court-Judicial^c produces^op value Injunction^c

Enjoyable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enjoyable

Description

''Enjoyable'' is the attribute of events or objeects that can (in some way, by experiencing or perceiving) cause ''Enjoying'' or the Feeling of ''Pleasure''.

       For the attribute of things that cause Satisfaction'' that is
         not accompanied by ''Enjoyment'' use ''Gratifying''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enjoyable' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) enjoyable, gratifying, pleasurable - (affording satisfaction or pleasure;
           'the company was enjoyable'; 'found her praise gratifying';
           'full of happiness and pleasurable excitement'; 'good printing makes a book 
           more pleasurable to read')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

Enjoying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enjoying`
Description	Enjoying is a more intense form of of ''LikingEvent'', a StaticSituation in which some perceptions are causing a Feeling of Enjoyment. The 'StaticSituation' applies only to the generation of the Feeling of Enjoyment, and will usually coincide with other Events that cause the Feeling. The 'intensive' relation between ''LikingEvent'' and Enjoying is expressed by the relation on the related entry 'Enjoyment': [isanIntensiveFormOf rdf:resource='#Pleasure']. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 3 of 'enjoy' and to noun sense 2 of 'enjoyment' in WordNet. Note that senses 1 and 3 of 'enjoy' in WN have similar definitions, and are therefore considered identical for COSMO mapping. Sense 3 is a hyponym of 'like' in WN, and that subtype relation is preserved in COSMO, in Wordnet: WN 'enjoy': 1. (52) enjoy, bask, relish, savor, savour - (derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in; 'She relished her fame and basked in her glory') WN 'enjoyment': 2. (2) enjoyment, delectation - (act of receiving pleasure from something)
Super-classes	StaticSituation^c LikingEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Enjoyment^c
Sub-classes	GoodTime^c

Enjoyment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enjoyment`
Description	COSMO note: Enjoyment is a pleasant Feeling, caused by some situation or Event. The cause is not necessarily directed a single specific thing, but can be due to general conditions or multiple causes. As a DirectedFeeling, at least one thing causing the Enjoyment should be specified. This differs from Happiness in being a DirectedFeeling, where Happiness can be a general state not caused by anything specific. `Cyc: An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Enjoyment is some agent's feeling of pleasure or satisfaction in some experience or thing. Instances of #$Enjoyment vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or on the subject experiencing the feeling. Specializations of #$Enjoyment include #$Amusement-Feeling and #$Entertained-Emotion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enjoyment' in WordNet: 1. (6) enjoyment - (the pleasure felt when having a good time)`
Super-classes	Pleasure^c DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Entertained-Emotion^c Zest^c Delight^c

EnlargedState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnlargedState`
Description	An EnlargedState is the state in which an Object exissts after it has experienced an 'Expanding'' Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'enlargement' in WordNet: 2. enlargement - (the state of being enlarged)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Expanding^c
Sub-classes	SwollenState^c

Enlightening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enlightening`
Description	''Enlightening'' is a form of ''Instructing'' that causes a Person to lose ('become disabused of') false beliefs. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enlighten' and sense 1 of 'disabuse' in WordNet: 1. enlighten, edify - (make understand; 'Can you enlighten me-I don't understand this proposal') WN verb 'disabuse': 1. (2) disabuse - (free somebody (from an erroneous belief))`
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c AssertingEvent^c Informing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Enlightenment^c hasThingLost^op value ErroneousBelief^c
Sub-classes	Disenchanting^c

Enlightenment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enlightenment`
Description	''Enlightenment'' is a form of ''Education'' that causes a Person to become aware of new facts, especially those that correct misapprehensions and false beliefs. NOTE: this term is often associated with the 'Enlightenment' of the seventeenth century when many people became aware of the errors in traditional beliefs, but this type is broader, including ay form of Education that corrects erroneous belief. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enlightenment' in WordNet: 1. (1) enlightenment - (education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge)`
Super-classes	Education^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Enlightening^c hasComponentElement^op value Proposition^c
Sub-classes	Edification^c

EnlistedPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnlistedPerson`
Description	A specialization of #$MilitaryPerson. Each instance of #$EnlistedPerson is a person in some branch of the military who holds a rank below that of a commissioned officer (see the collection #$CommissionedOfficer). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enlisted person' in WordNet: 1. enlisted person - (a serviceman who ranks below a commissioned officer)`
Super-classes	MilitaryPerson^c
Sub-classes	NonCommissionedOfficer^c Recruit^c

EnlistingInTheMilitary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnlistingInTheMilitary`
Description	''EnlistingInTheMilitary'' is a voluntary ''EnteringTheMilitary'' that is not caused by a 'being drafted' action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enlist' in WordNet: 1. (7) enlist - (join the military)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c EnteringTheMilitary^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Recruit^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Voluntary^c

Enlivening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enlivening`
Description	''Enlivening'' is a ''EnergizingaPerson'' in which a Person or GroupOfPeople are stimulated to perform physical activities that encourage mental interest and may be entertaining and enjoyable; to make a Person or group 'lively'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'enliven' in WordNet: 2. (1) enliven, liven, liven up, invigorate, animate - (make lively; 'let's liven up this room a bit')`
Super-classes	EnergizingaPerson^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Liveliness^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Lively^c
Sub-classes	Inspiriting^c

Enmity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enmity`
Description	''Enmity'' is a intenser form of ''Hostility'', more persistent than ''Hostility'', which can be short-lived. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enmity' in WordNet: 1. hostility, enmity, antagonism - (a state of deep-seated ill-will)`
Super-classes	Hostility^c
Sub-classes	StateOfWar^c

Enormously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enormously

Description

''Enormously'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the state or action is much larger than the typical or average value for that

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'enormously' in WordNet:
            1. (3) enormously, tremendously, hugely, staggeringly -
                (extremely; 'he was enormously popular')

Super-classes Extremely^c

Enough^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enough

Description

An adequate amount (of materials or effort or money, etc.) to accomplish a goal.

    For things that are qualitatively adequate to achieve a purpose, use 'Suitable'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enough' and sense 1 of 'sufficient' in WordNet:
      1. (54) adequate, decent, enough - (enough to meet a purpose;
        'an adequate income'; 'the food was adequate'; 'a decent wage';
        'enough food'; 'food enough')
     WN adj 'sufficient': 
       1. (31) sufficient - (of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement
          but without being abundant; 'sufficient food')

Super-classes SufficiencyValue^c

Enraging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enraging`
Description	''Enraging'' is an ''Angering'' that causes a higher intensity of ''Anger'', such as ''Rage''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enrage' in WordNet: 1. (1) enrage - (put into a rage; make violently angry)`
Super-classes	Angering^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Rage^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Furious^c

Enriching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enriching`
Description	''Enriching'' is Action in which a Person (or persons) increases the quality of something by adding in some Objects or Substances or Events that make the thing enriched perform its function better. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enrich' and includes WN noun sense 1 of 'enricment' in WordNet: 1. (7) enrich - (make better or improve in quality; 'The experience enriched her understanding'; 'enriched foods') WN noun 'enrichment': 1. (1) enrichment - (act of making fuller or more meaningful or rewarding)`
Super-classes	EnhancingSomething^c ImprovementEvent^c HumanActivity^c AddingEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c) causesIncreaseIn^op value FitnessForaPurpose^c
Sub-classes	FertilizingSoil^c SeasoningFood^c

Enrolled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enrolled

Description

In CYC an attribute is something that has that attribute, in COSMO it is the attribute itself. This type thus differs from the CYC gloss meaning:

     CYC The collection of perople who are enrolled in some
        educational institution.  Membership in this collection is
        relative to the microtheory in which the assertion is made.
        In temporal microtheories one should use
        #$TimeIntervalInclusiveFn to state a  from  and  to  date.
        This would mean that the individual was enrolled from the
        stated date till the stated date.  Once a person leaves the
        school they are #$PreviouslyEnrolled until such a time as
        they die or return to that school.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enrolled' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) enrolled, listed - (officially entered in a roll or list; 
             'an enrolled student')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Enrolling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enrolling`
Description	Each ''Enrolling'' is a ''Registering'' Action performed by a Person to add his or her name (or someone else's name) to a list to be used for some purposes of some Organization. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enroll' in WordNet: 1. (6) enroll, inscribe, enter, enrol, recruit - (register formally as a participant or member; 'The party recruited many new members') WN noun 'enrolling: 1. (7) registration, enrollment, enrolment - (the act of enrolling)`
Super-classes	Registering^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Register^c
Sub-classes	RegisteringToVote^c EnrollingAsaStudent^c EnrollingInSchool^c RecruitingUnionMembers^c

EnrollingAsaStudent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnrollingAsaStudent`
Description	Each ''EnrollingAsaStudent'' is an ''Enrolling'' Action performed by a Person who intends to study at some educational insttuion as a formal ''Student''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'matriculate' in WordNet: 1. (2) matriculate - (enroll as a student) WN noun 'matriculation': 1. matriculation, matric - (admission to a group (especially a college or university))`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Enrolling^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Student^c

EnrollingInSchool^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnrollingInSchool

Description

The Action of enrolling of a student in an educational institution.

       COSMO note: This Action includes actions on both sides - that of
       the student and that of the school representative doing the 
       enrolling.

Super-classes HumanActivity^c
Enrolling^c

Ensemble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ensemble`
Description	An ''Ensemble'' is a ''ClothingOutfit'' that is coordinated to present a chosen appearance, and includes some form of ''ClothingAccessory''. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'ensemble' in WordNet: 5. ensemble - (a coordinated outfit (set of clothing))`
Super-classes	ClothingOutfit^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ClothingAccessory^c isProducedByEventType^op value SelectingAmong^c

Ensuing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ensuing`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ensuing' in Wordnet: 1. ensuing - (following immediately and as a result of what went before; 'ensuing events confirmed the prediction')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

EnsuingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnsuingEvent`
Description	Each ''EnsuingEvent'' is an ''Event'' that is caused by some other Event. The Thing that 'ensues' is an ''Effect'' of some other Event, pointed to by the restriction 'isCausedBy'. NOTE: this could (should?) have the subclasses ''Event'' and the restriction as necessary and sufficient (an 'equivalent class'). NOTE: the synset 'result, ensue' appears to be mixing an Event that causes another (results in) to an Event that is caused by (results from) another. This type represents the latter meaning. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'ensue' in WordNet: 1. (7) result, ensue - (issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end; 'result in tragedy') WN verb 'follow': 6. (17) follow, come after - (come after in time, as a result; 'A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake')
Super-classes	Effect^c Event^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some (Event^c or EventType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ensuing^c

Ensuring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ensuring`
Description	''Ensuring'' is a ''PreparingForSituation'' that includes some ''Precaution'' to reduce the chances as much as possible that some mistakes will made or unwanted results will happen. This is a broad sense to cover all types of trying to 'ensure' or 'guarantee' that only the intended results willl occur. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ensure' in WordNet: 1. (6) guarantee, ensure, insure, assure, secure - (make certain of; 'This nest egg will ensure a nice retirement for us'; 'Preparation will guarantee success!') 2. (2) see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure - (be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; 'He verified that the valves were closed'; 'See that the curtains are closed'; 'control the quality of the product')`
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c Precaution^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some Protecting^c

EnteringAContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringAContainer`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which an object enters a container. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enter' and verb sense 1 of 'go into' in WordNet: 1. (89) enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into - (to come or go into; 'the boat entered an area of shallow marshes')`
Super-classes	PassingThroughPortal^c Action^c EnteringSomething^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Container^c
Sub-classes	FillingEvent^c EnteringAVehicle^c EnteringaStructure^c

EnteringAVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringAVehicle`
Description	$EnteringAVehicle is the collection of all events in which someone or something enters or boards a #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Includes verb sense 1 of 'board' and verb sense 1 of 'enter' and verb sense 1 of 'go into' in WordNet, but this includes getting into any vehicle, not just planes, trains, or boats. in WordNet: 1. (5) board, get on - (get on board of (trains, buses, ships, aircraft, etc.)) WN verb 'enter': 1. (89) enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into - (to come or go into; 'the boat entered an area of shallow marshes')
Super-classes	EnteringAContainer^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some RoadVehicle^c
Sub-classes	BoardingAnAirplane^c BoardingaShip^c

EnteringOrExitingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringOrExitingSomething`
Description	'EnteringOrExitingSomething' is the generic Event in which some Object passes from outside a Region or Object to the inside, or from the inside of an Object or region to the outside. `Has subtypes ''LeavingaPlace'' ''ExitingAContainer'' and ''EnteringSomething''`
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c PassingThroughOrBySomething^c MovingBetweenThings^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c or GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c) hasStartingPlace^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c or GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c) mayHaveSubEvent^op value PassingThroughPortal^c hasEndingPlace^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c or GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	EnteringSomething^c PassingThroughPortal^c LeavingaPlace^c

EnteringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringSomething`
Description	'EnteringSomething' is a subtype of ''EnteringOrExitingSomething'' in which some Object passes from outside a Region or Object (abstract or physical) to the inside. In this case, only the ending place is salient. The Object ''entered'' can be abstract, as an 'area of expertise' or can be a Physical Place. The restrictions and ubtype will be more speific. If the passage involves passing through a portal, then use the subtype 'PassingThroughPortal'. Each 'EnteringSomething' is an Event in which some Object goes from outside the Something to Inside the Something. The Something can be an Object or a Region, or any GenericLocation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enter' and verb sense 1 of 'go into' and noun sense 2 of 'entrance' in WordNet: 1. (89) enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into - (to come or go into; 'the boat entered an area of shallow marshes') WN noun 'entrance': 2. (5) entrance, entering - (a movement into or inward)
Super-classes	Translation-Complete^c EnteringOrExitingSomething^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value ExitingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Intrusion^c Intruding^c EnteringaRegion^c PryingAction^c EnteringAContainer^c Re-EnteringSomething^c

EnteringTheMilitary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringTheMilitary`
Description	''EnteringTheMilitary'' is the Action in which some *subject Person begins ''MilitaryService'', which begins service in some ''BranchOfMilitaryService''. `@ToDo: Add subtypes This can be either an 'enlisting' action or 'being drafted' action.`
Super-classes	EmployeeHiring^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value MilitaryPerson^c alwaysCauses^op value MilitaryService^c
Sub-classes	EnlistingInTheMilitary^c

EnteringaCave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringaCave`
Description
Super-classes	EnteringaRegion^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Cave^c

EnteringaCountry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringaCountry`
Description
Super-classes	EnteringaRegion^c CrossingACountryBorder^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Country^c
Sub-classes	Immigrating^c

EnteringaRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringaRegion`
Description	'EnteringaRegion' includes entering a region of space, or a region defined by the boundary of a PhysicalObject.
Super-classes	EnteringSomething^c
Sub-classes	Trespassing^c Encroachment^c MilitaryInvasion^c PenetratingAnObject^c MilitaryExpedition^c EnteringaCountry^c EnteringaCave^c

EnteringaRoom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringaRoom

Description

'EnteringaRoom' is the Action in which an Agent goes from outside to inside of a Room in some Structure.

     Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'entrance' in WordNet:
       3. (3) entrance, entering, entry, ingress, incoming -
          (the act of entering; 'she made a grand entrance')

Super-classes EnteringaStructure^c

EnteringaStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnteringaStructure`
Description	'EnteringaStructure' is the Action in which an Agent goes from outside to inside of a Structure. The entering can be an entering into a part of a Structure, such as a Room, which is also classified as a subtype of Structure in COSMO. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enter' and verb sense 1 of 'go into' in WordNet: 1. (89) enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into - (to come or go into; 'the boat entered an area of shallow marshes')`
Super-classes	LocomotionProcess-Animal^c EnteringAContainer^c
Sub-classes	EnteringaRoom^c

Entertained-Emotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entertained-Emotion`
Description	The emotion experienced when one is entertained or occupied in a light, playful, or pleasant manner. Not necessarily implies play or sport.
Super-classes	Enjoyment^c
Sub-classes	Amusement-Feeling^c Merriment^c

Entertainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entertainer`
Description	Entertainers include both those who perform in front of an audience and those who create content or arrange for the performance - filmmakers and producers as well. For those who actually perform in front of an audience, see 'Artist-Performer' Cyc: #$Entertainer is a specialization of #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional. Each instance of #$Entertainer is a person whose job it is to entertain people, i.e., to perform for an audience (live or via a recording) in an attempt to distract them from their worries and make them laugh, cry, smile, get excited, etc. SUMO ('EntertainmentProfession') Positions which involve creating content or performances that are intended to entertain. This class covers the TheaterProfession, FilmMakingProfession, being a comedian, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entertainer' in Wordnet: 1. (1) entertainer - (a person who tries to please or amuse)
Super-classes	EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional^c SocialBeing^c
Sub-classes	Cheerleader^c Artist-Performer^c SexWorker^c Athlete^c TVShowHost^c StarEntertainer^c Geek^c

Entertaining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entertaining`
Description	''Entertaining'' is an attribute of actions or people; the attribute of someone whose actions intend to and usually do 'entertain' people; or the attribute of a Action that is intended to and usually does entertain people.. This includes entertainment by musical, dancing, comedic, dramatic, or tragic performances. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'entertaining' in Wordnet: 1. (2) entertaining - (agreeably diverting or amusing; 'an entertaining puppet show'; 'films should be entertaining')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Amusing^c

EntertainmentDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntertainmentDevice`
Description	Any device whose main purpose is to facilitate the entertainment of some Person or animal (such as cats or dogs). Toys are included, but so are things like Swings, objects used in Sports, playground objects, board games, and electronic entertainment devices. `The subtype 'RecreationalObject' would not include objects used in sports, just other types of recreation.`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value BeingEntertained^c
Sub-classes	JungleGym^c Swing^c Slide^c RecreationalObject^c

EntertainmentEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntertainmentEvent`
Description	COSMO note: as a subtype of 'BeingEntertained', this type must have at least one person who is BeingEntertained by the Event. A failed attempt at entertaining someone is not an instance of this type, but would be an instance of AttemptingActivity. A person can be entertained without someone else doing a 'Performance', by playing games, or reading. See 'EntertainmentPerformance' for shows. One parent entertaining a child is included. Cyc: A specialization of #$CulturalEvent and #$ServiceEvent. Each instance of this collection is an activity performed by one or more agents primarily to amuse, entertain or otherwise divert others. Every instance of #$EntertainmentEvent necessarily has among its subevents both an instance of (#$PerformingFn #$EntertainmentEvent) and an instance of (#$AttendingFn #$EntertainmentEvent). It is thus distinguished from #$RecreationalActivity: a #$RecreationalActivity need not involve any entertainers, whereas an instance of #$EntertainmentEvent will always involve both an entertainer, and an entertainee. Note: This collection is more general than #$EntertainmentPerformance. For instance, #$JokeTelling is a specialization of #$EntertainmentEvent, since it involves both an entertainer and an entertainee, Such an event, however, can occur under informal circumstances, and need not be a formal performance. Thus #$JokeTelling is not a spec of #$EntertainmentPerformance. NB: one need not be an #$Entertainer to play the role of entertainer in an #$EntertainmentEvent. Includes noun sense 1 of 'entertainment' and sense 2 of 'amusement' and verb sense 1 of 'entertain' (transitive and intransitive senses) in WordNet: 1. (6) entertainment, amusement - (an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention) WN verb 'entertain': 1. (24) entertain - (provide entertainment for)
Super-classes	BeingEntertained^c CulturalEvent^c
Sub-classes	MagicShow^c JokeTelling^c EntertainmentPerformance^c MagicTrick^c MovieShowingAtATheater^c Firework-Display^c Bullfight^c NighttimeEntertainmentEvent^c

EntertainmentFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntertainmentFacility`
Description	A ''EntertainmentFacility'' is a ''PlaceOfBusiness'' open to the public. Places for enteratinment inside private or restricted facilities, such as school auditoriums, are not included.
Super-classes	PlaceOfBusiness^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value EntertainmentEvent^c
Sub-classes	EntertainmentSpot^c

EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional`
Description	A #$PersonTypeByOccupation (q.v.) instances of which are persons who use some sort of creative or artistic abilities in carrying out the main function of their jobs. #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional includes both professional performing artists and producers of tangible artworks, either creative or commercial. Note that this collection does not include people working on the business side of those professions, such as producers or art dealers, whose jobs are more similar (see #$jobAttributes) to those of other business professionals (e.g. managers, marketers, sales representatives) than to the artists'; cf. #$EntertainmentOrArtsAdministrator.
Super-classes	ProfessionalPerson^c
Sub-classes	Entertainer^c Artist^c MovieDirector^c ShowProducer^c SexWorker^c

EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization`
Description	$EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization is an organization whose #$MainFunction is to provide personal entertainment to customers. This collection includes organizations that perform or provide other forms of entertainment, as well as organizations which provide spaces in which entertainment is scheduled or provided. Specific types of #$EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization include: #$TelevisionStation, #$TelevisionNetwork, #$NightClub, #$TheaterCompany, #$Cinema-Organization, #$AmusementPark, #$Band-MusicGroup.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	SportsOrganization^c MusicPerformanceOrganization^c CircusTroupe^c

EntertainmentPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntertainmentPerformance`
Description	An instance of a paid dramatic performance: Referred to as a 'show' or 'performance' - the linguistic usage of those two terms can differ slightly in reference to this sense: when 'performance' is used, the ConceptualWork is also often mentioned 'a great performance of 'Les Miserables''. But 'I saw two shows on Broadway that week' (show is often used without explicitly mentioning the ConceptualWork involved. Both refer to Events of this type. The term 'show' may be used to refer to the conceptual work, but this is an actual Event. NOTE: this is intended to represent the public performance of some 'show'. For more restricted performances performed before the public performance use ''Previewing''. The restriction specifies that every show has a ''ShowProducer'' - an individual or team of people. A specialization of #$EntertainmentEvent. Each instance of this collection is a public or private performance with artistic or entertainment value (#$performedBy instances of #$Artist-Performer) arranged in order for some audience to witness and enjoy it. Examples include #$PlayPerformances, street performances, #$BalletDancePerformances, #$MovieShowings. Note: Movies are included even though the performers aren't performing at the same point in space-time as the performance is occurring. But still photographs are not included, since one would not generally call the viewing of a photograph an instance of #$EntertainmentEvent. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'show' and part of sense 1 of 'performance' in WordNet: 3. show - (a social event involving a public performance or entertainment; 'they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway') WN noun 'performance': 1. (232) performance, public presentation - (a dramatic or musical entertainment; 'they listened to ten different performances'; 'the play ran for 100 performances'; 'the frequent performances of the symphony testify to its popularity')
Super-classes	Performance^c EntertainmentEvent^c ServiceEvent^c PaidTask^c SocialGathering^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some ShowProducer^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Theatrical^c
Sub-classes	Circus^c MusicalPerformance^c StripTeaseShow^c Premiere^c PerformingArtActivity^c Rodeo^c PerformanceSpectacle^c DramaticPerformance^c Ballet^c DisgustingPerformance^c

EntertainmentSpot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntertainmentSpot`
Description	A ''EntertainmentSpot'' is any ''EntertainmentFacility'' used for entertainment activities that include actions by the customers (not just watching). Night clubs, ballrooms, cabarets, discos. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'spot' in WordNet: 7. (1) spot - (a business establishment for entertainment; 'night spot')`
Super-classes	EntertainmentFacility^c
Sub-classes	NightClub^c

Enthroned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enthroned`
Description	''Enthroned'' is the attribute of a ''Person'' who was (usually) formally invested with the position of ''Monarch'' in some Country.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Enthroning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enthroning

Description

''Enthroning'' is usually performed at a ceremony. In a hereditary monarchy, the actual title may pass automatically on death of the current holder, but the formal 'installation' occurs at a ceremony.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'enthrone' in WordNet:
          2. enthrone, throne - (put a monarch on the throne;
              'The Queen was enthroned more than 50 years ago')
        WN verb 'invest':
          3. invest, clothe, adorn - (furnish with power or authority; of kings or emperors)

Super-classes Inauguration^c

Enthusiasm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enthusiasm`
Description	Support and excitement towards a thing that is considered worthwhile. `Appears to include elements of all three of the Wordnet senses of 'enthusiasm', diffucult to distinguish, but sense 2 is broken out as subtype ''Exuberance'': in WordNet: 1. (5) enthusiasm - (a feeling of excitement) 3. (3) enthusiasm - (a lively interest; 'enthusiasm for his program is growing')`
Super-classes	Anticipation-Feeling^c EmotionalState^c DirectedFeeling^c Excitement^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c wasExperiencedBy^op some Enthusiast^c isPerformedBy^op value Enthusiast^c
Sub-classes	Inspiration^c Exuberance^c

Enthusiast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enthusiast`
Description	`Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'enthusiast' in Wordnet: 1. (1) enthusiast, partisan, partizan - (an ardent and enthusiastic supporter of some person or activity) 2. fancier, enthusiast - (a person having a strong liking for something)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c experienced^op value Enthusiasm^c
Sub-classes	FanEnthusiast^c ActivityEnthusiast^c Fanatic^c

Enthusiastic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enthusiastic`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing 'Enthusiasm'. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'enthusiastic' in WordNet: 1. (9) enthusiastic - (having or showing great excitement and interest; 'enthusiastic crowds filled the streets'; 'an enthusiastic response'; 'was enthusiastic about taking ballet lessons')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Fanatical^c

Enthusiastically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enthusiastically`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enthusiastically' in Wordnet: 1. (2) enthusiastically - (with enthusiasm; in an enthusiastic manner; 'they discussed the question enthusiastically')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Overboard^c

Enticement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enticement`
Description	A ''Enticement'' is something (PhysicalObject or Event) that can cause a Desire to have or do something - i.e. it is a ''Tempting'' thing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enticement' in WordNet: 1. temptation, enticement - (something that seduces or has the quality to seduce)`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value Desire^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enticing^c

Enticing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enticing`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enticing' in Wordnet: 1. alluring, beguiling, enticing, tempting - (highly attractive and able to arouse hope or desire; 'an alluring prospect'; 'her alluring smile'; 'the voice was low and beguiling'; 'difficult to say no to an enticing advertisement'; 'a tempting invitation')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Seductive^c Tempting^c

EnticingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnticingAction`
Description	This ''EnticingAction'' is distinguished from the parent 'Tempting' in that this is a PurposefulAction by a Person communicating to another Person. `WN verb 'entice': 1. (1) entice, lure, tempt - (provoke someone to do something through (often false or exaggerated) promises or persuasion; 'He lured me into temptation')`
Super-classes	TemptingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c

Entirety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entirety`
Description	''Entirety'' is the state of being complete. NOTE: the difference between 'completeness' and 'entirety' in WN is unclear; this type include both synsets and needs further consideration as to proper classification. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entirety' in WordNet: 1. (2) entirety, entireness, integrality, totality - (the state of being total and complete; 'he read the article in its entirety'; 'appalled by the totality of the destruction') WN noun 'completeness': 1. (2) completeness - (the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed)`
Super-classes	Wholeness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Complete^c
Sub-classes	Fullness^c

Entitlement^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entitlement

Description

An ''Entitlement'' is a Permission granted by some Authority, usually a government, to perform some acts or to request and receive something from an Agent (e.g. a government agency) controlled by the granting authority.

    In the USA this usually refers to government benefits such as family assistance ('welfare')
      and is sometimes conflated with rights (such as Social Security, or unemployment
      compensation) that are partly 'earned' by contributions.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entitlement' in WordNet:
      1. entitlement - (right granted by law or contract (especially a right to benefits);
        'entitlements make up the major part of the federal budget')

Super-classes Permission^c

Entitling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entitling`
Description	''Entitling'' is a ''Proclaiming'' that is a 'Naming' in which the 'name' assigned is a 'PositionTitle'. For giving a formal title by an Authority, use subtype ''ProclaimingaTitle''. `needed. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'entitle' in WordNet: 2. (6) entitle, title - (give a title to) 3. ennoble, gentle, entitle - (give a title to someone; make someone a member of the nobility)`
Super-classes	Proclaiming^c Naming^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some PositionTitle^c
Sub-classes	ProclaimingaTitle^c

EntityEnumeration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntityEnumeration`
Description	A EntityEnumeration is an Enumeration contained in a database model or schema, in which the individual elements of the enumeration are entities represented elsewhere in the database.
Super-classes	List^c

Entourage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entourage

Description

CYC: The collection of groups who act as associates or attendants to some person, usually a political dignitary, a celebrity or very wealthy person.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entourage' in WordNet:
          1. cortege, retinue, suite, entourage - (the group following
             and attending to some important person)

Super-classes Accompanier^c
GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c

Entrance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entrance`
Description	An 'Entrance' is a Portal that is designed or regulated to only allow something to enter (go into) the object that has the ''Entrance''. For the common Portals that allow movement both in and out, use the parent ''Portal'' or its more specific subtypes. This is used mostly for an 'entrance' into a structure (closed or open-air,, like a ''ParkingLot'') that has designated 'entrance' and 'exit' ''Portal''s. `This corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'entrance and sense 1 of 'entryway' in WordNet: 1. (10) entrance, entranceway, entryway, entry, entree - (something that provides access (to get in or get out); 'they waited at the entrance to the garden'; 'beggars waited just outside the entryway to the cathedral')`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c Portal^c
Sub-classes	Hatchway^c FrontDoor^c Intake^c

EntranceHall^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntranceHall

Description

Adjacent to the 'front door'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entrance hall' in WordNet:
        1. (6) anteroom, antechamber, entrance hall, hall, foyer,
          lobby, vestibule - (a large entrance or reception room or area)

Super-classes Room^c

Entree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entree

Description

Food dishes which might be served for the main part of a ''MultiCourseMeal''. This is a 'component part' of a ''MultiCourseMeal'' but that does not preclude the possibility that it is the only course. That restriction is just a convenience to avoid too many unnecessary distinctions.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entree' in WordNet:
          1. entree, main course - (the principal dish of a meal)

Super-classes CourseOfAMeal^c

Entrenched^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entrenched

Description

''Entrenched'' is an attribute of long-accepted and firmly established customs or practices or institutions.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'entrenched' in Wordnet:
            2. entrenched - (established firmly and securely; 'the entrenched power of the nobility')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Entrenched-Military^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entrenched-Military

Description

''Entrenched-Military'' is an attribute of soldiers who are positioned in trenches that were dug for protection from enemy fire.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'entrenched' in Wordnet:
          1. entrenched - (dug in)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

EntrenchingaSocialArrangement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EntrenchingaSocialArrangement`
Description	''EntrenchingaSocialArrangement'' is the Action of a GroupOfPeople who, by adopting some social practices or norms or Organizations, and accepting them as valid and socially beneficial over some period of time, create what is considered (by the group that accepts it, not necessarily by others) as a ''SocialInstitution''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'entrench' in WordNet: 1. (1) entrench, intrench - (fix firmly or securely)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c EstablishingSomething^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c produced^op some Organization^c

Entrepreneur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entrepreneur`
Description	A ''Person'' who takes the initiative in starting a ''BusinessVenture''. `Unllike in WN some 'entrepreneurs' may not take any real risks, if all finances are from ''Funder''s. Depends on the terms of the funding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entrepreneur' in WordNet: 1. (6) entrepreneur, enterpriser - (someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it)`
Super-classes	BusinessPerson^c SelfStarter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Entrepreneurship^c

Entrepreneurial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entrepreneurial

Description

Of or pertaining to an ''Entrepreneur'', especially the actions and character and abilities of an ''Entrepreneur''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'entrepreneurial' in Wordnet:
          1. entrepreneurial - (of or relating to an entrepreneur; 'entrepreneurial risks')
          2. entrepreneurial - (willing to take risks in order to make a profit)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Entrepreneurship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entrepreneurship`
Description	''Entrepreneurship'' is a 'BusinessEvent' in which some ''Entrepreneur'' establishes a ''BusinessOperation''. This Action almost inevitably involves taking some risks, usually risking money as well as time to try to make money or for some other purpose. `This may or may not result in performing a ''Startup''. Perhaps should be a direct relation?? WN has no term for this; RHW has it only as a derived term.`
Super-classes	BusinessEvent^c EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Entrepreneur^c hasSubEvent^op value TakingRisks^c starts^op some BusinessOperation^c

Entrusting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Entrusting

Description

'''Entrusting'' is a 'TransferringPossession'' in which one Agent transfers something (Physical or Abstract) to another Agent, bases on the trust the transfering agent has in the receiving agent to perform the purpose of the transfer conscientiously.

      This type is broad: the thing entrusted can be information (e.g. a secret) or
      something conctrete like money, or management of something, or a valuable object,
      or a child's care.

      The Two WN senses do not seem completely disjoint, and there should
        be subtypes distinguishing concrete objects from money equivalents and 
        secrets and responsibilities; putting some object into temporary custody of another
        should be unambiguous.

        Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'entrust' in WordNet:
          1. (3) entrust, intrust, trust, confide, commit - (confer a trust upon; 
             'The messenger was entrusted with the general's secret'; 'I commit my soul to God')
          2. entrust, leave - (put into the care or protection of someone;
              'He left the decision to his deputy'; 'leave your child the nurse's care')

Super-classes TransferringPossession^c

Envelope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Envelope`
Description	SUMO: A sealable Container for one or more pieces of paper which is designed to protect the papers while they are transferred to someone. `COSMO note: an envelope will be primarily composed of a sheet-like substance, which is not necessarily paper. Woven synthetic materials are now also used, and the product is still an 'envelope'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'envelope' in WordNet: 1. (9) envelope - (a flat rectangular paper container for papers)`
Super-classes	FoldableObject^c ContainerArtifact^c EnvelopingCovering^c NonPoweredDevice^c StorageConstruct^c DurableGood^c StationeryProduct^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SheetlikeSubstance^c surrounds-3D^op value Document-Physical^c

EnvelopingCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnvelopingCovering`
Description	CYC: The collection of coverings which envelope closely the object being covered
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	WomensHosiery^c HosieryItem^c Sweater^c Loincloth^c Coat^c Poncho^c Dress^c Glove^c Shell^c SleepWear^c Pants^c Envelope^c Vest^c Shirt^c Overalls^c

Environment-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Environment-Generic`
Description	Each ''Environment-Generic'' is a ''Place'' that is the location of some ''EnvironmentalCondition'', which represents the conditions (slaient or relevant objects and other perceptible things) in that ''Place. Together these assocated concepts represent a location and the salient things in that location that can affect an agent's ability to perform Actions, such as living and reproducing. Each ''Environment-Generic'' (a ''Place'') should have an associated ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that describes what that 'environment' is like - especially what distinguishes it from other environments. CYC: ('Environment-Generic') The collection of environments - i.e., #$Places that constitute one's surroundings. One environment is distinguished from others via its #$EnvironmentalAttributes and its exact location. COSMO NOTE: in WordNet a 'habitat' is a subtype of 'environment'. But a habitat is the normal type of living place of a species and an environment is the current specific location of an individual, so the two are not directly related in that manner. An Environment is a Place and a Habitat is a more abstract high-level Type. For the 'environment' as the ecologically significant surroundings, including air, water, climate, and vegetative objects, use Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'environment' in WordNet: 2. (1) environment, environs, surroundings, surround - (the area in which something exists or lives; 'the country-the flat agricultural surround') WN noun 'surroundings': 1. (5) milieu, surroundings - (the environmental condition)
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value EnvironmentalCondition^c
Sub-classes	Habitat^c EcologicalPlace^c Setting^c ControlledEnvironment^c

EnvironmentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnvironmentType`
Description	''EnvironmentType'' is a metatype that can be used to refer to objects or situations relevant to an ''EnvironmentalCondition'', partcularly the natural environment.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Climate EnvironmentalPollution Windiness EnvironmentalCondition EnvironmentalDegradation Cloudiness WeatherEvent HabitatSituation Pollution TemperatureSituation

Environmental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Environmental

Description

''Environmental'' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that is distinctive to or characteristic of a ''Environment-Generic''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'environmental' in WordNet:
         1. (2) environmental - (concerned with the ecological effects of altering the environment;
           'environmental pollution')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EnvironmentalCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnvironmentalCondition`
Description	An ''EnvironmentalCondition'' is a ''SystemCondition'' that includes all significant things present or happening in the ''Environment-Generic'' - the immediate surroundings of the object in focus. Anything perceptible or that affects perceptible things in a particular place can be part of a specific ''EnvironmentalCondition'' for that Place. The ''EnvironmentalCondition''s affect the Actions that an agent can perform in that ''Environment-Generic''. Each ''Environment-Generic'' (a ''Place'') should have an associated ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that describes what that 'environment' is like - especially what distinguishes it from other environments. This is represented as an''Event'' so the objects present that contribute to the ''EnvironmentalCondition'' can be represented as ''participants' in this Eventor alternatively as being 'locatedAt' the associated ''Environment-Generic'' if that is represented. NOTE that each ''EnvironmentalCondition'' (and its subtypes) represents the 'conditions' - objects in the area, the types of ground or water, the temperature, climate, plants and aninmals, elevation, and should be associated with some ''Place''that is represented by a ''Environment-Generic'' or some subtype such as a ''Habitat''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'environmental condition' in WordNet: 1. environmental condition - (the state of the environment) WN noun 'surroundings': 1. (5) milieu, surroundings - (the environmental condition) WN noun 'environment': 1. (24) environment - (the totality of surrounding conditions; 'he longed for the comfortable environment of his living room')
Super-classes	SystemCondition^c PhysicalSituation^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some (Environment-Generic^c or EcologicalPlace^c or Habitat^c or EnvironmentType^c) hasAttributeValue^op value Environmental^c
Sub-classes	HabitatSituation^c Pollution^c TemperatureSituation^c Climate^c Cloudiness^c Windiness^c Darkness^c Silence^c

EnvironmentalDegradation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnvironmentalDegradation`
Description	''EnvironmentalDegradation'' is an Event in which some aspect of the ''EnvironmentalCondition'' becomes worse.
Super-classes	ContaminationEvent^c
Restrictions	worsens^op value EnvironmentalCondition^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c
Sub-classes	EnvironmentalPollution^c

EnvironmentalPollution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnvironmentalPollution`
Description	' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'pollute' (pertaining to environmental locations) in WordNet: 1. pollute, foul, contaminate - (make impure; 'The industrial wastes polluted the lake')
Super-classes	EnvironmentalDegradation^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Pollution^c

Environmentalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Environmentalist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'environmentalist' in WordNet: 1. environmentalist, conservationist - (someone who works to protect the environment from destruction or pollution)`
Super-classes	Reformer^c Activist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value EnvironmentalCondition^c

Environmentally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Environmentally

Description

''Environmentally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action to specify that it affects the natural environment in some manner.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'environmentally' in WordNet:
          1. environmentally - (for the environment; 'the new recycling policy is environmentally safe')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Envisioning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Envisioning

Description

'Envisioning' is the forming of a mental image of something in the mind, where the 'image' has a strong visual aspect that allows a Person to 'see' its parts. The thing envisioned may be something previously seen, or merely something imagined in image form..

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'envision' in WordNet:
          1. (4) visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy,
              see, figure, picture, image - (imagine; conceive of; 
              see in one's mind; 'I can't see him on horseback!'; 'I can see what will happen'; 
              'I can see a risk in this strategy')

Super-classes Imagining^c

Envoy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Envoy

Description

An ''Envoy'' has less authority than an ''Ambassador'' - unclear how to express that in logic. 'levels of authority'??

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'envoy' in WordNet:
           1. envoy, envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary -
                (a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador)

Super-classes Diplomat^c

Envy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Envy`
Description	An Emotion that is caused by observation of another person who has something that the jealous person wants but does not have. The thing possessed may be tangible objects, or intangible things such as fame. Unlike in Cyc, Envy in COSMO does not necessarily include Resentment - Resentment is included in Jealousy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'envy' in WordNet: 1. (2) envy, enviousness - (a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another)`
Super-classes	EmotionalState^c Desire^c DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Jealousy^c

Enzymatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enzymatic

Description

''Enzymatic'' is an attribute pertaining to Enzymes and enzymatic reactions.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enzymatic' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) enzymatic - (of or relating to or produced by an enzyme)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EnzymaticReaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnzymaticReaction`
Description	An ''EnzymaticReaction'' is a ''BiochemicalReaction'' accelerated by some ''Enzyme''. This does not mean that the reaction cannot proceed without the ''Enzyme''but in the typical case,the reaction would be very slow otherwise.
Super-classes	BiochemicalReaction^c
Restrictions	isAcceleratedBy^op value Enzyme^c hasParticipant^op value Enzyme^c

Enzyme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Enzyme`
Description	This is the collection of (individual) enzyme molecules. Enzymes are a unique class of #$Biopolymer which catalyze a broad spectrum of biochemical reactions. In COSMO, only a Protein can be an 'Enzyme', though other polymers such as RNA may exhibit enzyme-like catalytic activity. `SUMO: A complex Protein that is produced by living cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'enzyme' in WordNet: 1. (7) enzyme - (any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions)`
Super-classes	Protein^c HeteroPolymer^c Biopolymer^c Catalyst^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some BiochemicalReaction^c acceleratesOrShortens^op value BiochemicalReaction^c hasUnitObject^op value EnzymeMolecule^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enzymatic^c
Sub-classes	Rennin^c

EnzymeMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnzymeMolecule`
Description	CYC: The collection of molecules that are enzymatic in structure. In CYC labeled 'Enzymatic'. Here only to include the CYCelement. Not used.
Super-classes	Molecule^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Enzyme^c

Ephedrine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ephedrine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ephedrine' in WordNet: 1. ephedrine - (white odorless powdered or crystalline alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra (especially Ephedra sinica) or made synthetically; used as a bronchodilator to treat bronchitis and asthma)`
Super-classes	Alkaloid^c DrugProduct^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Asthma^c

Epidemic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Epidemic`
Description	An ''Epidemic'' is a ''DiseaseGroup'' in which there is some ''Disease'' of a particular type in multiple Organisms', sufficiently widespread to be of concern to public health authorities as well as the public, for fear of sperading.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epidemic' in WordNet: 1. (5) epidemic - (a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease; many people are infected at the same time)`
Super-classes	DiseaseGroup^c Outbreak^c ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ContagiousDisease^c
Sub-classes	PandemicDisease^c

EpidemiologicalStudy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EpidemiologicalStudy`
Description	An EpidemiologicalStudy is a form of DataAnalysis in which patterns of occurrrence of illness is analyzed by statistical techniques to gather information about the patterns of occurrence of illness, for various reasons. Determining causes of disease is one common motive for epidemiological studies.
Super-classes	DataAnalysis^c

Epiglottis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Epiglottis`
Description	CYC: The collection of all epiglottises, unique parts of mammalian #$RespiratoryTracts. Each instance of thiscollection is a thin plate of flexible cartilage, in front of the glottis, that folds back over and protects the glottis during swallowing, preventing matter being swallowed from entering the #$Larynx and #$Trachea (windpipe). `'covers the windpipe' - in COSMO = ''Trachea'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epiglottis' in WordNet: 1. epiglottis - (a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing)`
Super-classes	CartilaginousStructure^c PortalCovering^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value Trachea^c

Epilepsy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Epilepsy

Description

An instance of #$PhysiologicalConditionType and a specialization of #$NeurologicalDisease. Each instance of #$Epilepsy is a #$ChronicCondition characterized by recurrent seizures (see #$Seizure-AilmentCondition).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epilepsy' in WordNet:
          1. epilepsy - (a disorder of the central nervous system 
            characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions)

Super-classes ChronicCondition^c
BrainDisease^c

EpilepticSeizure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EpilepticSeizure`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epileptic seizure' in WordNet: 1. epileptic seizure - (convulsions accompanied by impaired consciousness)`
Super-classes	SeizureAilment^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Brain^c

Epiphanie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Epiphanie`
Description	''Epiphanie'' is a different spelling of 'epiphany' used here to avoid conflict with the 'epiphany' that is a ''Manifestation''. This 'epiphany' is the 'sudden' realization of the answer to a question that some Person has been thinking about for more than a short time. `No corresponding WN sense for this 'epiphany'. MWD 'epiphany': 2. a sudden striking understanding of something MWCD 'epiphany': 3 a. (1) a usu. sudden manifestation or percetion of the essential nature or meaning of something.`
Super-classes	Realization^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c

Epiphany^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Epiphany`
Description	This ''Epiphany'' is a ''Manifestation'' created by a ''DivineBeing'', that causes the observer to know something. This sense is broader than just an appearance of the ''DivineBeing'' itself,but can be anything that imparts knowledge that the ''DivineBeing'' wants the observer to have. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epiphany' in WordNet: 1. (2) epiphany - (a divine manifestation)`
Super-classes	Manifestation^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value DivineBeing^c causes^op value KnowingSomething^c

Episcopal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Episcopal

Description

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Episcopal' in Wordnet:
            1. Episcopal, Episcopalian - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Episcopal church; 
                'the Episcopal hierarchy'; 'married by an Episcopalian minister')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EpiscopalChurch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EpiscopalChurch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Episcopal Church' in WordNet: 2. Episcopal Church, Protestant Episcopal Church - (United States church that is in communication with the see of Canterbury)`
Super-classes	AnglicanChurch^c

Episcopalian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Episcopalian`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Episcopalian' in WordNet: 1. Episcopalian - (a member of the Episcopal church)`
Super-classes	Member^c ProtestantPerson^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value EpiscopalChurch^c

Episode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Episode`
Description	An ''Episode'' is an Event that is one of a series of related events that are significant or salient to some Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'episode' in WordNet: 1. (4) episode - (a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events)`
Super-classes	SalientEvent^c HumanActivity^c Occasion^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some ReiterativeEventSeries^c
Sub-classes	BroadcastEpisode^c DramaticEvent^c

Epistemological^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Epistemological`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'epistemological' in Wordnet: 1. epistemic, epistemological - (of or relating to epistemology; 'epistemic modal')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Epistemology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Epistemology

Description

''Epistemology'' is a branch of ''Philosophy'' concerned with understanding how knowledge is gained and structured.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epistemology' in WordNet:
          1. (1) epistemology - (the philosophical theory of knowledge)

Super-classes Philosophy^c

EpithelialTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EpithelialTissue`
Description	'EpithelialTissue' is the tissue that covers some internal surface in a body. NOTE that the relation 'isDesignedToCover'' in this case means designed' by Evolution. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epithelial tissue' in WordNet: 1. epithelium, epithelial tissue - (membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body)`
Super-classes	AnimalTissue^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value InternalAnatomicalPart^c

Epoch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Epoch`
Description	An instant in time that is arbitrarily selected as a point of reference. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epoch' in Wordnet: 2. epoch, date of reference - ((astronomy) the precise date that is the point of reference for which information (as coordinates of a celestial body) is referred)`
Super-classes	TimePoint^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnixEpoch

Equal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equal

Description

'Equal' is an AttributeValue of a Group all of whose elements are 'equal' or equivalent in some sense. @ToDo: this important relation can be elaborated, for example, by specifying the manner in which members of the Group are 'equal', i.e. equal with respect to some attribute. How to do this is not yet (rev987) been decided.

        This should be used to express ideas such as 'all men are created equal'
        (equal before the law).

       This is the most general way to express equivalence; more specific
         equivalence relations are 'equals' (mathematical); 'isIdenticalTo'
         (identity of individuals) and 'isEquivalentTo' (for comparable quantities).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of'equal' and part of verb sense 1 of
         'equal' in Wordnet:
         WN adjective 'equal':
           2. (16) like, equal, equivalent, same - (equal in amount or value;
             'like amounts'; 'equivalent amounts'; 'the same amount'; 
             'gave one six blows and the other a like number'; 'an equal number'; 
             'the same number')
         WN verb 'equal': 
          1. (16) equal, be - (be identical or equivalent to; 
            'One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!')

Super-classes Equivalent^c

Equalitarian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equalitarian`
Description	A ''Equalitarian'' is a ''Moralist'' (a type of ''Philosopher'') who beieves strongly in the equality (with respect to rights) of all people. `NOTE: the term 'equalitarian' is used as the label for this type, because the more common term 'egalitarian' is being used for the adjective characterizing such people and their moral belief in equality. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equalitarian' in WordNet: 1. egalitarian, equalitarian - (a person who believes in the equality of all people)`
Super-classes	Moralist^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Egalitarian^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Egalitarianism^c contrastsWith^op value Elitist^c

Equality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equality`
Description	Each Equality is a ''Quality' of a Group of two or more entities, such that the AttributeValues are identical. This is not the same as 'Identity' which relates two different names for the same single identical individual. See 'Identity' (a RelationInstance). This is a state of an ''EqualityGroup'' and the attribute(s) with respect to which the members of the SimilarityGroup are 'similar' can be represented by a ''AttributeGroup'', and that ''AttributeGroup'' will reference the equal attributes using the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (pointing to the AttributeGroup) See also 'Equal', an AttributeValue of a Group. For the state of 'equality' (Wordnet sense 2), any interval of time in which the 'equality' attribute holds for a Group is a state of 'equality'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equality' in WordNet, and has some of the character of nouns sense 2 of 'equality' (a state in WordNet): in Wordnet: 1. (2) equality - (the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status) 2. (1) equality, equivalence, equation, par - (a state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced; 'on a par with the best')
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some EqualityGroup^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Equal^c

EqualityGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EqualityGroup`
Description	A ''EqualityGroup'' is a Group of things (any type) that have ''Equality''. The Attribute(s) with respect to which the members of the Group equal are required to be specified by the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (i.e. 'are alike with respect to').
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	areAlikeWRT^op some AttributeGroup^c
Sub-classes	PeerGroup^c

Equally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equally

Description

This ''Equally'' is an AdverbialModifier being the adverbial form of 'EvenInAmount'', which characterizes Actions or situations that involve in some form of equal distribution of two contrasting types of things. For equal distribution of multiple types of things, or of substances, use ''Evenly''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'equally' in Wordnet:
         2. evenly, equally - (in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way; 
             'a class evenly divided between girls and boys'; 'they split their winnings equally';
             'deal equally with rich and poor')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

EqualsSign^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EqualsSign

Description

The ''EqualsSign'' is a ''MathematicalSign'' used in mathematical equations, including that the expression to the left of the sign has the same value as the expression to the right of the sign.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equal sign' in WordNet:
          1. equal sign - (a sign indicating that the quantities on either side are equal)

Super-classes MathematicalSign^c

Equating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equating`
Description	''Equating'' is an Action of ''Comparing'' two (or more) Things, and concluding that they are essential 'equal' with respect to one or more attributes or qualities. This Action can be taken purely mentally or may be simultaneous with expressing those thoughts verbally in a communication to others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equate' in WordNet: 1. (8) compare, liken, equate - (consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous; 'We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans'; 'You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed')`
Super-classes	Inferring^c Comparing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Equivalence^c

Equation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equation`
Description	An Equation is a ComputationalObject which is also a RelationInstance in which two terms are related by an 'equals' relation. An Equation is symmetrical in that the two terms can be inverted while preserving the truth of the statement. An Equation is a Group of abstract objects consisting of the left side, the right side, and the equal sign. Each Equation is also an instance of a Relation. An Equation may be represented simple by its string representation (using the 'hasStringRepresentation' datatype relation; or it may be represented by specifying its components, starting by specifying the 'EquationSides' amnd then by the components of those sides, or by using the 'hasSubject' and 'hasObject' relations for 'RelationInstance's. @ToDo: to fully represent an Equation, the intended meanings of the various symbols in the equation need to be specified; this will require some 'symbolRepresentsEntity' or 'symbolRepresentsEntityType' relation. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'equation' in WordNet: 1. (32) equation - (a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal)
Super-classes	Assertion^c RelationInstance^c ComputationalObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasRelation^op value equals^c
Sub-classes	DifferentialEquation^c AlgebraEquation^c

EquationSides^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EquationSides`
Description	Each 'EquationSides' is an OrderedPair specifying what is contained on each side of the Equation. The elements of the 'EquationSides' are presented in conventional order, left side is the first element and right side is the second element, though they are equivalents and the equation would be valid in the reverse order. The order of the sides allows representing the equation as it is intended to be seen. `NOTE that because an Equation is a subtype of 'RelationInstance', the two sides can be represented by the 'hasSubject' and 'hasObject' relations. As of rev987, we have not detailed equations sufficiently to decide if this redundancy is superfluous.`
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some MathematicalExpression^c hasFirstElement^op some MathematicalExpression^c

Equator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equator`
Description	This is the Earth's equator. This can be generalized for equators of other Planets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equator' in WordNet: 1. (1) equator - (an imaginary line around the Earth forming the great circle that is equidistant from the north and south poles; 'the equator is the boundary between the northern and southern hemispheres')
Super-classes	GreatCircle^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthernAndSouthernHemispheres^c isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

Equatorial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equatorial

Description

The several senses of ''Equatorial'' in WN can be broken out as subtypes.

       Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'equatorial' in Wordnet:
         1. equatorial - (of or relating to or at an equator; 'equatorial diameter')
     2. equatorial - (of or relating to conditions at the geographical equator; 'equatorial heat')
         3. equatorial - (of or existing at or near the geographic equator; 'equatorial Africa')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EquiangularPolygon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EquiangularPolygon`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType that is a specialization of #$Polygon. Each instance of #$EquiangularPolygon is a polygon-shaped object such that all of the angles between its adjacent edges (see #$angleBetweenEdges) have the same measure. See also #$EquilateralPolygon and #$RegularPolygon.
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Sub-classes	RegularPolygon^c Rectangle^c

Equilateral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equilateral`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'equilateral' in Wordnet: 1. equilateral - (having all sides or faces equal)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

EquilateralPolygon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EquilateralPolygon`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Polygon. This is the collection of all polygons whose edges are all of the same length. See also #$EquiangularPolygon and #$RegularPolygon. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (for closed figures with all sides being straight) of 'equilateral' in WordNet: 1. equilateral - (a figure whose sides are all equal)`
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Equilateral^c
Sub-classes	Rhombus^c RegularPolygon^c

Equilibrium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equilibrium

Description

'Equilibrium' is an (at least temporarily) stable state in which the forces (physical or abstract) that could cause change (in the relevant attributes) counteract each other so that no change is (currently) occurring. This is a state of 'balance' that could represent, for example, a chemical equilibrium (no further change in composition), a physical equilibrium as on a 'Balance' (weighing device), a 'balance of forces' ('balance of powers') in a political or international situation. An 'Equilibrium' can be a metastable state, i.e. in a physical system it may not be the lowest energy state, but will be at least a local minimum so that change will require more than a certain energy to disturb. Such a state should not change unless there is a change in one of the forces represented, or a new force is introduced that is not part of the represented 'Equilibrium'.

    Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'balance' and includes
    senses 1 and 2 of 'equilibrium' in WordNet:
      WN noun 'balance':
       1. (28) balance - (a state of equilibrium)
     WN noun 'equilibrium':
       1. (22) chemical equilibrium, equilibrium - (a chemical reaction and 
          its reverse proceed at equal rates)
       2. (4) equilibrium - (a stable situation in which forces cancel one another)

Super-classes StaticSituation^c

EquineAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EquineAnimal`
Description	CYC: A collection of animals including horses and species closely related to horses. Subsets of #$EquineAnimal include #$Horse, #$Donkey, #$Zebra, #$Mule, among others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equine' in WordNet: 1. equine, equid - (hoofed mammals having slender legs and a flat coat with a narrow mane along the back of the neck)`
Super-classes	PlacentalMammal^c Herbivore^c NonHumanAnimal^c TerrestrialOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Ass^c Zebra^c Mule^c Horse^c Unicorn^c

Equinox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equinox`
Description	An ''Equinox'' is an Event in which the rotation of the Earth and its orbit around the Sun (''Sol'') reach a point where the length of the day and night are the same. This happens twice a year, bringing in the Spring and bringing in the Autumn. 'In any given year there are two equinoxes.' 'In each year there are two equinoxes.' `CYC: A specialization of #$QualitativeTimeOfYear. Each instance of #$Equinox is an event during which the sun is directly above the celestial equator. Each instance of #$Equinox occurs during an instance of #$EquinoxDay (q.v.). One equinox occurs annually about March 21 (see #$VernalEquinox), and another occurs annually about September 21 (see #$AutumnalEquinox).`
Super-classes	AstronomicalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwicePerYear^c hadMainParticipant^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c occurredInTimeInterval^op value EquinoxDay^c occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c hadChangedEntity^op value SeasonOfYear^c

EquinoxDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EquinoxDay`
Description	A specialization of #$CalendarDay and an instance of #$AnnualTemporalObjectType. Each instance of #$EquinoxDay is a calendar day during which the sun crosses the celestial equator and the length of day and night are approximately equal everywhere on the globe. One solstice occurs annually about March 21 (see #$VernalEquinoxDay) and another occurs annually about September 21 (see #$AutumnalEquinoxDay). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equinox' in WordNet: 1. equinox - (either of two times of the year when the sun crosses the plane of the earth's equator and day and night are of equal length)`
Super-classes	DayOfTheYear^c
Restrictions	hasEventType^op value Equinox^c

Equipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equipment`
Description	A Group of devices that is designated for use in performing some activity. This is distinguished from 'Device' in that the specific group of devices (possibly one device) is accessible to the end user and has been gathered for a purpose; it cannot be just one device that has not been sold or is in stock not yet owned by someone intending to actually use it. COSMO: 'The electrician had all the equipment he needed in his truck'. The term 'gear' tend to be used for ''Equipment'' that is taken along for a task outside a facility, but the distinctionis not clear and these are left as synonymous for this version (rev1201). NOTE: 'Apparatus' is classified as a ''DeviceGroup'' and also as a Device. A ''DeviceGroup'' made up of ''Device''s that together can be viewed as performing some function can also be classified as a ''Device''. So an instance of ''Equipment'' cannot be scttered or diverse without a common purpose or at least a common owner or user. Includes noun sense 1 of 'equipment' and sense 4 of 'gear' in Wordnet: 1. (50) equipment - (an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service) WN noun 'gear': 4. gear, paraphernalia, appurtenance - (equipment consisting of miscellaneous articles needed for a particular operation or sport etc.)
Super-classes	Device^c Group^c DeviceGroup^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c hasComponentElement^op only (Device^c or DeviceType^c or ArtifactObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Rigging^c ToolKit^c ShavingKit^c GameEquipment^c AudioSystem^c MakeupKit^c Apparatus^c Kit^c ElectronicDevice^c

Equipped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equipped

Description

''Equipped'' is an AttributeValue of a Agent or Place that experienced an ''Equipping'' Action of some kind,and therefore has the equipment needed for some task.

     NOTE: furnished for furniture should be separate.

      Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'equipped' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) equipped, equipt - (provided or fitted out with what is necessary
             or useful or appropriate; 'a well equipped playground'; 
             'a ship equipped with every mechanical aid to navigation')
    2. furnished, equipped - (provided with whatever is necessary for a purpose 
        (as furniture or equipment or authority); 'a furnished apartment';
        'a completely furnished toolbox')
    3. equipped, fitted out - (prepared with proper equipment; 'equipped for service in the Arctic')
        4. equipped, weaponed - (carrying weapons)

Super-classes Prepared^c
PastParticiple^c

Equipping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equipping`
Description	''Equipping'' is a subtype of 'Providing' in which some IntelligentAgent obtains PhysicalObjects for his/her own use or provides PhysicalObjects to others, or puts PhysicalObjects into some location for use there. This is broad,and includes equipping people or locations. The Item(s) transferred are not necessarily 'equipment' in the sense of tools orApparatus, but thatis the usual expectation; for 'furnishing' a room (e.g. with decorations or furniture), use the subtype ''FurnishingaSpace''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equip' in WordNet: 1. (11) equip, fit, fit out, outfit - (provide with (something) usually for a specific purpose; 'The expedition was equipped with proper clothing, food, and other necessities')`
Super-classes	Providing^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some ArtifactObject^c hadRecipient^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	FurnishingaSpace^c SupplyingGoods^c

Equitable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equitable

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute of decisions or other actions in which some beneift (or sometimes punishment) is distributed among a group of people, according to some broadly accepted criterion of justice.

     This corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'just' in WordNet:
       2. equitable, just - (implying justice dictated by reason, conscience,
         and a natural sense of what is fair to all; 'equitable treatment of 
         all citizens'; 'an equitable distribution of gifts among the children')

Super-classes Just^c

Equity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equity`
Description	Any of various types of acounting 'FinancialAsset' owned by some corporation. FIBO subtypes are 'capital surplus'; 'owners equity'; retained earnings'; and 'stockholders' equity' `COSMO note: SKOS defines this as 'ownership interest', which would be true of stockholders' equity, but this seems broader because of the subtypes 'capital surplus' and 'retained earnings'. Corresponds to FIBO 'equity' SKOS def: 'the value of an ownership interest in property, including shareholders equity in a business' 'stockholders' eqity' is a subtype' Includes sense 2 of 'equity' in WordNet: 2. equity - (the ownership interest of shareholders in a corporation)`
Super-classes	FinancialAsset^c Right^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c isOwnedBy^op some Corporation^c

Equivalence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equivalence`
Description	An ''Equivalence'' is a strong ''Alikeness'' in which a ''SimilarityGroup'' of two or more items are 'equivalent' in some characteristic(s). This is a degree of similarity such that one of the things equivalent would be as good as the other for some purpose or perfor like the other in some Situation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'equivalence' in WordNet: 2. equivalence - (essential equality and interchangeability)`
Super-classes	Alikeness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Equivalent^c
Sub-classes	Parity^c

EquivalenceGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EquivalenceGroup`
Description	An ''EquivalenceGroup'' is a Group of non-identical Things of any type that are 'equivalent' to each other in sone respect. This might be a sum of money in one currency being equivalent to a sum in a different currency, or two workers being equivalent to each other in skill, or one substance being anequivalent to another in some property (not necessarily meaning it is a ''Substitute''). A group of synonms are equivalent to each other in meaning, at least to a practical degree in some context. Thus a WordNet 'SynSet' is an ''EquivalenceGroup''. `To specify the manner in which such things are equivalent, instances of that Group can be related (but don't have to be) to the Context of equivalence by the relation ''withRespectTo''. Each element of such a group, when specified as a member of such a group, must then be assigned as an instance of ''EquivalentThing''.`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	withRespectTo^op only owl:Thing^c hasComponentElement^op some EquivalentThing^c
Sub-classes	USStateGovernors^c Choices^c

Equivalent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Equivalent`
Description	''Equivalent' is a high degree of ''Comparable'' characterizing Groups of things that are so closely similar in some repect that one could be substituted for the other for some purpose or behave similarly in some situation. NOTE: this is used as the parent attribute for both ''Same' (for qualitative attributs) and ''Equal'' (for quantitative attributes. This may be superfluous, but that may require examination of multiple uses of adjectives 'equivalent' and 'like'. Noun form 'Equivalence' is related to ''Equating''. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'equivalent' in Wordnet: 1. (5) like, equal, equivalent, same - (equal in amount or value; 'like amounts'; 'equivalent amounts'; 'the same amount'; 'gave one six blows and the other a like number'; 'an equal number'; 'the same number')
Super-classes	Comparable^c
Sub-classes	Equal^c Same^c

EquivalentThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EquivalentThing`
Description	A ''EquivalentThing'' is anything that is a component element of some ''EquivalenceGroup''. This can be any type of thing, but to be asserted as an instance of a ''EquivalenceGroup'' that ''EquivalenceGroup'' must be identified. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equivalent' in WordNet: 1. (35) equivalent - (a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc; 'send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps')`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value EquivalenceGroup^c
Sub-classes	AlternativeThing^c Counterpart^c Candidate^c

Era^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Era`
Description	A period of time of at least one decade, and oten many centruries, characterized by some specific events or types of event. Geological eras are one example, but 'era' can be used to refer to some period of time when a specific person had great influence, as in 'the Victorian age'. `The ''GeologicalEra'' is a subtype. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'era' and senses 1 and 3 of 'epoch' and sense 2 of 'age' in WordNet: WN 'epoch' 1. (5) era, epoch - (a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event) WN 'age': 2. (172) historic period, age - (an era of history having some distinctive feature; 'we live in a litigious age')`
Super-classes	EventSeriesPhase^c TimeInterval^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	HeyDay^c GeologicalTimePeriod^c HistoricalPeriod^c

Eradicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eradicating`
Description	''Eradicating'' is a ''Killing'' of many or most of some population of ''Organism''s human or non-human. `NOTE: 'carry off' is left out of labels, not used often in this sense, poptentially confusing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eradicate' in WordNet: 1. (2) eliminate, annihilate, extinguish, eradicate, wipe out, decimate, carry off - (kill in large numbers; 'the plague wiped out an entire population')`
Super-classes	Killing^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op min 10

Eraser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eraser`
Description	An '''Eraser''' is a ''Device'' (an ArtifactObject) that is designed to be used in ''ErasingaVisibleMark''. This includes the small erasers on the end of a 'lead pencil' and the hand-size blackboard erasers as well as any whiteboard ereasers designed specifically to remove chalk marks on whiteboard. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eraser' in WordNet: 1. eraser - (an implement used to erase something)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ErasingaVisibleMark^c

ErasingaVisibleMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ErasingaVisibleMark`
Description	''ErasingaVisibleMark'' is a ''DeletingSomething'' where the 'something' is a mark on a surface, which is removed by any means, including erasing with an eraser or whiting out by applying liquid paper. The mark can be on any kind of surface, but is most commonly on paper or on a blackboard or whiteboard. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erase' in WordNet: 2. erase, rub out, score out, efface, wipe off - (remove by or as if by rubbing or erasing; 'Please erase the formula on the blackboard-it is wrong!')`
Super-classes	DeletingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Mark^c mayUseInstrument^op value Eraser^c

Erbium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erbium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of erbium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erbium' in WordNet:
         1. erbium, Er, atomic number 68 - (a trivalent metallic element
            of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium)

Super-classes RareEarthElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

ErectedTent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ErectedTent`
Description	NOTE that in COSMO the parent type 'Tent' is a Tent even when it is folded up, in storage or transportation, and not deployed; therefore it is only a 'HumanShelterConstruction' when deployed. We therefore create this subtype 'ErectedTent' to be the shelter construction and have the prototypical characteristics of a tent in place. `CYC 'TentTheShelter': A portable shelter made of canvas, cloth, etc. stretched over poles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tent' in WordNet: 1. (17) tent, collapsible shelter - (a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs); 'he pitched his tent near the creek')`
Super-classes	Tent^c TemporaryLodgings^c HumanShelterConstruction^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value TentCeiling^c isPartlySupportedBy^op value Pole^c

Erection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erection`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erection' in WordNet: 1. erection, hard-on - (an erect penis)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value Penis^c isCausedBy^op value SexualArousal^c

Erg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erg`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erg' in WordNet: 1. erg - (a cgs unit of work or energy; the work done by a force of one dyne acting over a distance of one centimeter)`
Super-classes	FunctionQuantity^c

ErlenmeyerFlask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ErlenmeyerFlask`
Description	An ''ErlenmeyerFlask'' is a (an object used as a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Erlenmeyer flask' in WordNet: 1. (1) Erlenmeyer flask - (a conical flask with a wide base and narrow neck)
Super-classes	Flask^c HandSizedObject^c StorageConstruct^c

Erosion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erosion`
Description	''Erosion'' is a ''GeologicalPhenomenon'' that involves moving of parts of the Earth's surface by being worn way by water flow or wind blowing, often combined with Earth motion in earthquakes. `CYC: This is the collection of events in which some part of the earth's surface erodes due to the effects of wind or water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erosion' in WordNet: 1. (1) erosion, eroding, eating away, wearing, wearing away - ((geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)) WN verb 'erode': 2. (1) erode, eat away, fret - (remove soil or rock; 'Rain eroded the terraces')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c GeologicalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Ground^c produces^op value NaturalChannel^c occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c

Erotic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erotic

Description

''Erotic'' is an attribute of Objects or Actions that, when perceived by a person, may stimulate ''SexualArousal'' in the Person perceving(usually viewing) it.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'erotic' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) erotic, titillating - (giving sexual pleasure; sexually arousing)

Super-classes Interesting^c

Erotica^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erotica`
Description	This is the abstract representation of some erotic material - writing, pictures, movies. CYC: The collection of #$InformationBearingThings whose intention is artistic and whose theme is #$SexualBehavior. This includes not only some #$ArtObjects, but also some literary works, films, and dances. What some consider #$Erotica others may consider #$PornographicMaterial. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erotica' in WordNet: 1. pornography, porno, porn, erotica, smut - (creative activity (writing or pictures or films etc.) of no literary or artistic value other than to stimulate sexual desire)
Super-classes	AbstractInformationStore^c AbstractText^c ConceptualWork^c Artifact-Generic^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Erotic^c
Sub-classes	HardcorePornography^c

Erratic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erratic`
Description	The difference between WN 'erratic' and WN 'temperamental' is unclear. This needs to be reviewe when ultiple instances are found in text. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'erratic' in Wordnet: 2. (1) erratic, fickle, mercurial, quicksilver - (liable to sudden unpredictable change; 'erratic behavior'; 'fickle weather'; 'mercurial twists of temperament'; 'a quicksilver character, cool and willful at one moment, utterly fragile the next')`
Super-classes	Unpredictable^c
Sub-classes	Fluky^c

Erroneous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erroneous`
Description	''Erroneous''is the property of something that is not true, i.e. is inconsistent with truth and reality. 'false' and 'erroneous' are approximately the same meaning. If they can be differentiated,this type may be restricted. ''False'' is also present as an instance of ''TruthValue'' But The instances do not have a mechanism for assigning subtypes, so it is not clear how this can relate to the istance ''False''. @ToDo: need to be further elaborated. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'erroneous' and senses 1 and 2 of 'false'in WordNet: 1. (1) erroneous, inaccurate - (containing or characterized by error; 'erroneous conclusions'; 'the answer was inaccurate') WN adjective 'false': 1. (9) false - (not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality; 'gave false testimony under oath'; 'false tales of bravery') 2. (1) false, mistaken - (arising from error; 'a false assumption'; 'a mistaken view of the situation')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Misguided^c

ErroneousBelief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ErroneousBelief`
Description	An 'ErroneousBelief' is a Belief that does not conform to reality or fact. An 'ErroneousBelief' cannot be 'Knowledge' within the same ontology. NOTE that this conflates WN 'misunderstanding' with its parent 'misconception'. Refer to ''IncompatibleTheory'' ??? RHW 'misbelief': 1. erroneous belief; false opinion. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mistake' and sense 2 of 'misunderstanding' and sense 3 of 'error' in WordNet: WN 'mistake': 2. (6) mistake, misunderstanding, misapprehension - (an understanding of something that is not correct; 'he wasn't going to admit his mistake'; 'make no mistake about his intentions'; 'there must be some misunderstanding - I don't have a sister') WN 'error': 3. (4) error, erroneous belief - (a misconception resulting from incorrect information) WN noun 'misconception': 1. (3) misconception - (an incorrect conception)
Super-classes	Belief^c Error^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Erroneous^c refersToExternalEntity^op some NonReality^c
Sub-classes	Illusion^c Fallacy^c

ErroneousBelieving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ErroneousBelieving`
Description	''ErroneousBelieving'' is a ''Believing'' that is an ''Error'', in that it does not conform to reality. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misbelieve' in WordNet: 1. misbelieve - (hold a false or unorthodox belief)`
Super-classes	Error^c Believing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Falsehood^c isPerformedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c hasAttributeValue^op value Erroneous^c hasTopic^op some ErroneousBelief^c
Sub-classes	Misperception^c

ErroneousReasoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ErroneousReasoning`
Description	''ErroneousReasoning'' is a ''Erroneous'' Action that produces a ''Fallacy''.
Super-classes	MistakenAction^c Reasoning^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Fallacy^c

Error^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Error`
Description	This is the broadest type representing mistakes, including states of belief (''ErroneousBelieving'') or misconceptions (''ErroneusBelief'' - a ''MentalObject'' - an abstract idea) or an ''MistakenAction''. An 'Error'' is the Role played by either an ''Assertion'' or ''Belief'' or ''Believing'' that does not conform to reality, or to some Action that does not achieve its intended result, when a different Action would have. To asert that something is an ''Error'' it is necessary to point to the alternative which would be a ''BetterAlternative''. The subtypes ''ErroneousBelief'' and ''MistakenAction'' are more specific as to the type of error. See these subtypes. Includes noun senses 1, 4, and 7 of 'error' and sense 2 'mistake' in WordNet: WN 'error': 1. (13) mistake, error, fault - (a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; 'he made a bad mistake'; 'she was quick to point out my errors'; 'I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults') 4. (3) error, misplay - ((baseball) a failure of a defensive player to make an out when normal play would have sufficed) 7. (2) error, mistake - (part of a statement that is not correct; 'the book was full of errors')
Super-classes	Role^c UndesirableThing^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Erroneous^c
Sub-classes	MistakenAction^c ErroneousBelieving^c CategoryError^c ErroneousBelief^c

ErrorEllipse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ErrorEllipse`
Description	An ErrorEllipse is a planar region on some physical surface indicating the region within which the probability is some value that the true point that was measured lies within that region. As an Ellipse, the region will have a semiminor axis, a semimajor axis, and an orientation. Such an ellipse can be used to measure positional uncertainty in a plane, as for the location of an object on the Earth's surface.
Super-classes	Region^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Ellipse^c hasShape^op value Elliptical^c

Erudition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erudition`
Description	''Erudition'' is the broad and deep range of knowledge and appreciation for the value of Learning that may be developed after years of study, whether formal or by oneself. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erudition' in WordNet: 1. eruditeness, erudition, learnedness, learning, scholarship, encyclopedism, encyclopaedism - (profound scholarly knowledge)`
Super-classes	Education^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Learning^c hasComponentElement^op value LotsOfInformation^c hasComponentElement^op value Proposition^c

Erupting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erupting`
Description	''Erupting'' is an ''Action'' (because it is performed by a ''Volcano'') in which Lava or ash is emitted by a ''Volcano'' The restriction specifies that ''Lava'' is emitted, but an Eruption'' can also emit steam, rocks, and volcanic ash. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erupt' and noun sense 1 of 'eruption' in WordNet: 5. (1) erupt, belch, extravasate - (become active and spew forth lava and rocks; 'Vesuvius erupts once in a while') WN noun 'eruprion': 1. (1) volcanic eruption, eruption - (the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material)`
Super-classes	Discharge^c Spewing^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Lava^c isPerformedBy^op value Volcano^c

Erythema^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erythema`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erythema' in WordNet: 1. erythema - (abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation))`
Super-classes	Redness^c Erythroderma^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Inflammation^c

Erythroderma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erythroderma`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erythroderma' in WordNet: 1. erythroderma - (any skin disorder involving abnormal redness)`
Super-classes	SkinDisease^c
Restrictions	hasSymptom^op value Inflammation^c
Sub-classes	Erythema^c

Erythromycin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Erythromycin

Description

The chemical compound which is an anti-infective.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erythromycin' in WordNet:
        1. erythromycin, Erythrocin, E-Mycin, Ethril, Ilosone, Pediamycin -
            (an antibiotic (trade name Erythrocin or E-Mycin or Ethril or 
            Ilosone or Pediamycin) obtained from the actinomycete Streptomyces erythreus;
            effective against many Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative)

Super-classes Antibiotic^c

Escalating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Escalating`
Description	''Escalating'' is an attribute of Actions that are being increased by an ''Escalation'' Action.
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Escalation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Escalation`
Description	The diference between this ''Escalation'' and the subtype ''Intensifying'' is that this type can include increases in extent of an Action (e.g. are over which the Action is performed), as well as intensity. If only intensity is increased, the subtype ''Intensifying'' should be used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'escalate' in WordNet: 1. escalate, intensify, step up - (increase in extent or intensity; 'The Allies escalated the bombing') WN noun 'escalation' 1. (6) escalation - (an increase to counteract a perceived discrepancy; 'higher wages caused an escalation of prices'; 'there was a gradual escalation of hostilities')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Increased^c
Sub-classes	Intensifying^c

Escalator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Escalator`
Description	A moving stairway having a sloped ''ConveyorBelt'' which people stand on to go between floors of buildings. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'escalator' in WordNet: 2. escalator, moving staircase, moving stairway - (a stairway whose steps move continuously on a circulating belt)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c Stairway^c Conveyance-Stationary^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value ConveyorBelt^c

Escapee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Escapee`
Description	A ''Escapee'' is a Person who has escaped from some form of captivity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'escapee' in WordNet: 1. escapee - (someone who escapes)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value EscapingCaptivity^c

EscapingCaptivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EscapingCaptivity`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc 'EscapingCaptivity' is not a subtype of 'EscapingFromControl': unclear why not. IN COSMO it is a subype. The Action of avoiding being captured is represented by ''EludingCapture''. Cyc: #$EscapeCaptivity is the collection of all instances of breaking out of captivity or confinement for both humans and animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'escape' in WordNet: 1. (6) escape, flight - (the act of escaping physically; 'he made his escape from the mental hospital'; 'the canary escaped from its cage'; 'his flight was an indication of his guilt') WN verb 'escape': 1. (22) escape, get away, break loose - (run away from confinement; 'The convicted murderer escaped from a high security prison')
Super-classes	EscapingFromControl^c Fleeing^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Capturing^c hadBeneficiary^op value Escapee^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Imprisoning^c
Sub-classes	Exodus^c EvadingCapture^c EscapingPrison^c

EscapingFromControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EscapingFromControl`
Description	COSMO note: 'EscapingFromControl' is not necessarily escaping confinement, since a dog breaking way from its leash or a prisoner breaking away while being transported would be instances of 'EscapingFromControl' but not of 'EscapingCaptivity'. `Cyc: The collection of all instances of #$GainingFreedom in which there is a 'controlling' agent who #$losesControl but did not intend that that control be lost. Includes but is broader than sense 7 of verb 'escape' in WordNet: 7. scat, run, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it, bunk, head for the hills, take to the woods, escape, fly the coop, break away - (flee; take to one's heels; cut and run; 'If you see this man, run!'; 'The burglars escaped before the police showed up')`
Super-classes	GainingFreedom^c
Sub-classes	EscapingCaptivity^c

EscapingPrison^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EscapingPrison

Description

CYC: The collection of all escapes from #$Prison. In every instance, some #$Agent who was confined to a #$Prison escapes from those confines, against the will of whatever #$Agent was doing the imprisoning (see #$EscapingFromControl). Note that the #$Agent doing the escaping may be an individual #$Person or a #$Group of people, provided the #$Group is known to qualify as an #$Agent in its own right.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jailbreak' in WordNet:
           1. break, breakout, jailbreak, gaolbreak, prisonbreak, prison-breaking -
               (an escape from jail; 'the breakout was carefully planned')

Super-classes HumanActivity^c
EscapingCaptivity^c

Escarpment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Escarpment`
Description	CYC: An elongated and comparatively steep slope separating flat or gently sloping areas. `This is a ''Steep-sided'' slope. For a ''VerySteep'' slope use subtype ''Cliff''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'escarpment' in WordNet: 1. escarpment, scarp - (a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion)`
Super-classes	Slope-Topographical^c OutdoorObject^c Ground^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Steep-sided^c
Sub-classes	Cliff^c

Eschewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eschewing`
Description	''Eschewing'' is an ''AvoidanceAction'' in which a Person refrains from performing some Action, because the Action is of a type that the Person considers undesirable or inappropriate - represented in the restriction as a ''BadThing''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'eschew' in WordNet: 1. (2) shun, eschew - (avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of)`
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c Refraining^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op value BadThing^c

Escort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Escort`
Description	An ''Escort'' is an ''Attender'' whose function is to accompany a Person while outside the house, whether to protect the person escorted, or as a date. `NOTE that WN sense 4 includes female 'dates'. The subtypes can be broken out as subtypes. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and part of 4 of 'escort' in WordNet: 1. (2) bodyguard, escort - (someone who escorts and protects a prominent person) 3. escort - (an attendant who is employed to accompany someone) 4. date, escort - (a participant in a date; 'his date never stopped talking')`
Super-classes	Attender^c
Sub-classes	Chaperone^c

Escorting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Escorting`
Description	''Escorting'' is an ''AccompanyingOnaTrip'' of any length, where the Accopanying is performed by an ''Escort'' whose Role differs from that of the Person being escorted. The Escort may be a protector or guide, or, as in a dating situation, a man who is traditionally viewed as the protector of the woman escorted, to places where traditionally women do not go alone (even if that is not the actual situation). There can be several subtypes of ''Escorting''. In some societies a woman is not expected or allowed to go out of the house withoout a male escorting her. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'escort' in WordNet: 1. (7) escort - (accompany as an escort; 'She asked her older brother to escort her to the ball')`
Super-classes	AccompanyingOnaTrip^c AccompanyingaPerson^c
Sub-classes	Chaperoning^c

Eskimo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eskimo

Description

Each ''Eskimo'' is a person who is a member of or descended from an Eskimo tribe of North America.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Eskimo' in Wordnet:
           1. Eskimo, Esquimau, Inuit - (a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic
           (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia); 
           the Algonquians called them Eskimo ('eaters of raw flesh') but they call themselves 
           the Inuit ('the people'))

Super-classes AmericanIndian^c

Esophagus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Esophagus`
Description	CYC: The collection of esophagi, each being a tube (#$AnatomicalVessel) that joins the #$Pharynx to the #$Stomach. #$The #$Esophagus is a unique part of the #$AlimentaryCanal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'esophagus' in WordNet: 1. esophagus, oesophagus, gorge, gullet - (the passage between the pharynx and the stomach)`
Super-classes	Muscle^c AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThroatAndStomach^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value AlimentaryCanal^c

Esoteric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Esoteric`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'esoteric' in Wordnet: 1. (1) esoteric - (confined to and understandable by only an enlightened inner circle; 'a compilation of esoteric philosophical theories')`
Super-classes	DifficultToUnderstand^c

Espresso^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Espresso

Description

A strong coffee drink made by forcing steam through ground coffee beans. Espresso usually is served in smaller amounts than regular coffee.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'espresso' in WordNet:
          1. espresso - (strong black coffee brewed by forcing hot water 
            under pressure through finely ground coffee beans)

Super-classes Coffee^c

Essay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Essay`
Description	An ''Essay'' is an AbstractText ('written material') that discusses some topic, ostensibly intending to stick to facts,but potentially including opinions and perhaps strongly biased. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'essay' in WordNet: 1. (13) essay - (an analytic or interpretive literary composition)`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c ProseLiteraryWork^c
Sub-classes	Composition^c

Essence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Essence`
Description	A specialized term here just to fill in level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.54). The meaning is not well defined and hard to formalize. Part of the meaning is captured by the restriction: (isTheProductOf Extracting) `Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'essence' in WordNet: 2. essence - (any substance possessing to a high degree the predominant properties of a plant or drug or other natural product from which it is extracted)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Extracting^c

Essential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Essential

Description

''Essential'' is an intensive and emphatic form of 'Necessary' an AttributeValue of objects that are absolutely required to perform some action ('can't do without them'), or of Events (including PersistentStates) that must occur in order to achieve some Goal. 'essential prereqisite'; 'indispensable tool'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'essential' and senses 1 and 2 of
         'indispensible' in WordNet:
        1. (17) essential, indispensable - (absolutely necessary; vitally necessary;
        'essential tools and materials'; 'funds essential to the completion of the project';
        'an indispensable worker')
      WN adj 'indispensible':
        1. (2) indispensable - (not to be dispensed with; essential; 
         'foods indispensable to good nutrition')

Super-classes Necessary^c

Established^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Established

Description

''Established'' is the attribute of an ''Organization'' or other social group activity that was created by a ''FoundingAnOrganization'' Action.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'established' in Wordnet:
         1. (7) established, constituted - (brought about or set up or accepted;
             especially long established; 'the established social order'; 
             'distrust the constituted authority'; 'a team established as a member
             of a major league'; 'enjoyed his prestige as an established writer'; 
             'an established precedent'; 'the established Church')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

EstablishedAsFact^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EstablishedAsFact

Description

''EstablishedAsFact'' is the subattribute of ''Confirmed'' characterizing an Assertion that has been ''AcceptedAsTrue'' by most knowledgeable observers for some interval of time.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'established' in Wordnet:
        3. (1) accomplished, effected, established - (settled securely and unconditionally;
           'that smoking causes health problems is an accomplished fact')

Super-classes Confirmed^c
AcceptedAsTrue^c

EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness`
Description	''EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness'' is any of the Group of Actions that a business person takes to either set up or begin to operate a business. This is a high-level ActionGroup for Actions involving the business as a whole, not the details such as hiring individuals or buying specific items.. `NOTE: this is the first 'opening' (establishment) of a business, not the re-opening after some temporary closing (as closing for the night and opening in the mornng.). The WN sense does not distinguish the two - the re-opening after a temporary closing is represented in sense ''OpeningaPlaceOfBusiness'', Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'open' in WordNet: 2. (45) open, open up - (start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning; 'open a business')`
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c EconomicEvent^c EstablishingSomething^c SocialOccurrence^c StartingaProject^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op value BusinessEvent^c hasComponentElement^op value BusinessEvent^c isPerformedBy^op some BusinessPerson^c
Sub-classes	Entrepreneurship^c BusinessEvent^c

EstablishingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EstablishingSomething`
Description	EstablishingSomething is an Action in which some Agent (which can be a group) is the prime actor in the creation of some social object or process that continues for some period of time. The characteristic of 'establishing' is the relatively long endurance of the thing created, which is not a PhysicalObject. Things established will often be organizations, or ongoing activities or practices of some group of people. Although the action is a Creation, the prime actor that is credited with 'establishing' something may be only one of a number of important actors. In this way 'establishing' is more complex that a simple Creation by one person. See also subtype ''FoundingAnOrganization'' for larger organizations. This corresponds to sense 1 of verb 'establish' in RHW: 1. to found, institute, build, or bring into being on a firm or stable basis: to establish a university; to establish a medical practice. This also corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'establish' and of noun sense 1 of 'establishment' in WordNet - the senses are difficult to distinguish: in WordNet: WN 'establish' 1. (50) establish, set up, found, launch - (set up or found; 'She set up a literacy program') 2. (28) establish, found, plant, constitute, institute - (set up or lay the groundwork for; 'establish a new department') WN 'establishment' 1. (10) constitution, establishment, formation, organization, organisation - (the act of forming something; 'the constitution of a PTA group last year'; 'it was the establishment of his reputation'; 'he still remembers the organization of the club')
Super-classes	Creation^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some (Organization^c or Rule^c or GroupPractice^c or Business^c)
Sub-classes	EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c EntrenchingaSocialArrangement^c FoundingAnOrganization^c EstablishingaHeadquarters^c EstablishingaSocialInstitution^c

EstablishingaHeadquarters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EstablishingaHeadquarters`
Description	''EstablishingaHeadquarters'' is the Action of ''Establishing'' a ''Headquarters'' somewhere. This type is used for the transitive Action of establishing or re-establisng a ''headquarters'' in soe Location. This can be a 'moving one's headquarters' as well as a new setting up a Headquarters where none had previously existed. 'they headquartered the business in Ireland to avoid corporate taxes.' `No sense for 'headquarter' in Wordnet.`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c EstablishingSomething^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Headquarters^c isPerformedBy^op value Organization^c

EstablishingaSocialInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EstablishingaSocialInstitution`
Description	''EstablishingaSocialInstitution'' is the Action of a GroupOfPeople who, by adopting some social practices or norms or Organizations, and accepting them as valid and socially beneficial over some period of time, create what is considered (by the group that accepts it, not necessarily by others) as an 'institution' in WN sense 3: `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'institute' in WordNet: 1. (9) establish, found, plant, constitute, institute - (set up or lay the groundwork for; "establish a new department")`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c PurposefulAction^c EstablishingSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op some SocialInstitution^c isPerformedBy^op value SocialGroup^c

Establishment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Establishment`
Description	The premises (PlaceOfBusiness) of some place of business where the public can enter to be served. This is the physical structure, not the organization. The 'organization' sense of 'establishment' is represented in COSMO by 'Institution'. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'establishment' in Random House Webster, but only includes the physical facility, and only for places that directly serve the public in that facility: RHW establishment 7. a place of business together with its employees, merchandise, equipment, etc. This also corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'establishment' in WordNet, but does not include residential locations, and is only for business. It does include for-profit educational facilities. WN 'establishment' in WordNet: 4. (3) establishment - (a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence)
Super-classes	PlaceOfBusiness^c
Sub-classes	PublicInstitution^c RetailStore^c

EstateOfaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EstateOfaPerson`
Description	The estate of a deceased person., i.e. the property of a dead person whose property has not been fully distributed to others. This is an unusual entity which is both Property and a IntelligentAgent. As an approximation we can consider it as Property which is owned by itself, temporarily, until liquidated. @TODO: This still needs to be axiomatized (v 0.44), as well as its relation to the DeadPerson who owned it, and the ''"Executor"'' who manages it. In Cyc called 'Estate-LegalEntity': Cyc: An estate is a collection of property managed by an executor, a #$LegalAgent. This includes all ofsense 2 of 'estate' in RHW - the Legal meaning, especially part 'e': a. property or possessions. b. the legal position or status of an owner, considered with respect to property owned in land or other things. c. the degree or quantity of interest that a person has in land with respect to the nature of the right, its duration, or its relation to the rights of others. d. interest, ownership, or property in land or other things. e. the property of a deceased person, a bankrupt, etc., viewed as an aggregate. This includes the estate of a person after they have died. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'estate' in WordNet: 1. (9) estate - (everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities)
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c Property^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyControlledBy^op some Executor^c owns^op some EstateOfaPerson^c isOwnedBy^op some EstateOfaPerson^c

Esteemed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Esteemed`
Description	''Esteemed'' is the attribute of a Person who experienced an ''EsteemingSomeone'' Event. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'esteemed' in Wordnet: 1. esteemed, honored, prestigious - (having an illustrious reputation; respected; 'our esteemed leader'; 'a prestigious author')`
Super-classes	Respected^c
Sub-classes	Revered^c

EsteemingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EsteemingSomeone`
Description	'''EsteemingSomeone''' is a ''ConsideringToBe'' in which one Person considers some attribute of another Person to be admirable. `NOTE: the subtype ''Venerting'' ma also be used for venerating Supernatural beings. Need to change direct object when that is added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'esteem' in WordNet: 1. (1) respect, esteem, value, prize, prise - (regard highly; think much of; 'I respect his judgement'; 'We prize his creativity')`
Super-classes	ConsideringToBeValuable^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Venerating^c

Ester^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ester`
Description	CYC: A collection of substances created via reaction between an alcohol and an acid. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ester' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ester - (formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Nucleotide^c Polyester^c EthylAcetate^c Triglyceride^c Polyethylene^c

EstheticallyPleasing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EstheticallyPleasing`
Description	''EstheticallyPleasing'' is a subattribute of ''Attractive''; this is not clearly distinct from other subtypes of ''Attractive''; it is one way perople may express that something appeals to their own sense of esthetics. `Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'artistic' amd adjective sense 3 of 'esthetic' in WordNet: 2. (3) artistic - (satisfying aesthetic standards and sensibilities; 'artistic workmanship') 3. aesthetic, esthetic, artistic, pleasing - (aesthetically pleasing; 'an artistic flower arrangement')`
Super-classes	Attractive^c
Sub-classes	Picturesque^c

Estimated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Estimated

Description

''Estimated'' is an Attribute of an "'Estimate' that was produced by a ''Estimating'' Action.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'approximate' in WordNet:
     1. (3) approximate, approximative, rough - (not quite exact or correct;
       'the approximate time was 10 o'clock'; 'a rough guess'; 'a ballpark estimate')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Estimating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Estimating`
Description	'Estimating'' is a type of ''measuring'' by Observation without measuring devices, or by reasoning; e.g. estimating a length by eye, or a measure for a whole thing by adding up the estimated or known measures for component parts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'estimate' in WordNet: 1. (34) estimate, gauge, approximate, guess, judge - (judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time); 'I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds')`
Super-classes	Measuring^c Observing^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Approximation^c
Sub-classes	Underestimating^c Extrapolating^c Overestimating^c

Estranged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Estranged`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'estranged' in Wordnet: 1. (1) alienated, estranged - (caused to be unloved)`
Super-classes	Unmarried^c

Estrogen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Estrogen

Description

The steroid hormone.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'estrogen' in Wordnet:
          1. estrogen, oestrogen - (a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted
          by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics)

Super-classes SteroidHormone^c

Estrus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Estrus

Description

NOTE: not the most common state of an organism, and therefore considered as a ''PhysiologicalCondition' (Not normal) rather than a ''NormalOrganismCondition''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'estrus' in Wordnet:
          1. estrus, oestrus, heat, rut - (applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or period 
           of heightened sexual arousal and activity)

Super-classes StaticSituation^c
PhysiologicalCondition^c

Estuary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Estuary`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'estuary' in WordNet: 1. (1) estuary - (the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix)`
Super-classes	BodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverAndSea^c

Etching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Etching`
Description	An Event in which an artifact with a relatively smooth surface has the surface rendered rough(er) by the action of an etching agent (a liquid, or for glass etching with etching wheels, an abrasive) or physical abrasion (as by an etching wheel). NOTE: when an intelligent agent is the subject, this can be considered as a purposeful action, but the 'corrosion' by a substance is not intentional on the part of the substance. How to differentiate? @ToDo: perhaps not only 'corrosion' - should this be a parent of 'chemical corrosion'? Glass 'etching' with copper wheels uses an abrasive, so this method can also be considered as use of a substance, but not quite what is considered as 'corrosion'. There are no close synsets with this sense in WordNet. For creating and artwork by etching, use subtype ''EtchingAnArtwork''.
Super-classes	Corrosion^c
Sub-classes	EtchingAnArtwork^c

EtchingAnArtwork^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EtchingAnArtwork

Description

''EtchingAnArtwork'' is the Action of creating a hand-rendered etching - the act of creating the plate from which an 'etcing' is produced by printing.

      Corresponds to part (the etching a plate part) of sense 3 of 'etching' and
         verb sense 1 of 'etch' in WordNet:
         3. engraving, etching - (making engraved or etched plates and printing designs from them)
       WN verb 'etch':
         1. (1) etch - (make an etching of)

Super-classes Etching^c
Drawing-Depicting^c

Eternal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eternal`
Description	''Eternal'' is the attribute of something that persists at least to the end of time, perhaps longer(in some philosophy or cosmological theory)? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eternal' in WordNet: 1. (9) ageless, aeonian, eonian, eternal, everlasting, perpetual, unending, unceasing - (continuing forever or indefinitely; 'the ageless themes of love and revenge'; 'eternal truths'; 'life everlasting'; 'hell's perpetual fires'; 'the unending bliss of heaven') WN adj 'endless': 3. dateless, endless, sempiternal - (having no known beginning and presumably no end; 'the dateless rise and fall of the tides'; 'time is endless'; 'sempiternal truth')
Super-classes	LongLasting^c
Sub-classes	OutsideOfTime^c

EternalBliss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EternalBliss`
Description	''EternalBliss'' is an ''EternalLife'' in a state of ''Bliss''. `No obvious synset found in Wordnet for this type.`
Super-classes	Bliss^c EternalLife^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Blissful^c occurredInTimeInterval^op value Eternity^c

EternalLife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EternalLife`
Description	''EternalLife'' is a 'Lifetime' that has no end - lasting for all eternity (even beyond ''Death''? as in parent. - parent needs to be changed). `Corresponds to only part of noun sense 1 of 'eternal life' applying only to life that has no end,though it may have a beginning (as for a Soul) in WordNet: 1. eternal life, life eternal - (life without beginning or end)`
Super-classes	NewLife^c Lifetime^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op only Eternity^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Eternal^c isTheAbsenceOf^op only Death^c
Sub-classes	EternalBliss^c

Eternity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eternity`
Description	''Eternity'' is a hypothetical ''TimeInterval'' that lasts forever, i.e. for an infinite amount of time. Assertions with this term usually start the period of time from the time of reference, often the time of the assertion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eternity' in WordNet: 1. (3) eternity, infinity - (time without end)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op value Forever^c

Ethane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethane

Description

C2H6. An alkane whose structure is 2 carbon bonded carbon atoms surrounded by 6 hydrogen atoms.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethane' in WordNet:
          1. ethane, C2H6 - (a colorless odorless alkane gas used as fuel)

Super-classes Alkane^c

Ethene^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethene

Description

C2H4. Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. A molecule of ethene consists of two carbon atoms double bonded with two hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom. The common name for this compound is 'ethylene'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethylene' in WordNet:
          1. ethylene, ethene - (a flammable colorless gaseous alkene;
            obtained from petroleum and natural gas and used 
            in manufacturing many other chemicals; sometimes used as an anesthetic)

Super-classes Hydrocarbon^c

Ether^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ether

Description

This type represent the general series of OrganicCompounds that have an Oxygen atom bound to two Carbon atoms. The 'ether' used in anaesthesia is the subtpe ''EthylEther''.

       CYC: A specialization of #$OrganicCompound.  Each
        instance of #$Ether is a chemical compound whose molecular
        composition consists of an oxygen atom interposed between
        two carbon atoms.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'ether' in WordNet:
          3. ether - (any of a class of organic compounds that have 
             two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen atom)

Super-classes OrganicCompound^c

EtherGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EtherGroup`
Description	An 'EtherGroup'' is an ''AtomGroup'' that is part of a larger Molecule, in the category of ''Ether'' subtypes; this ''AtomGroup'' consists of one ''OxygenAtom'' bound to two 'CarbonAtom''s.
Super-classes	AtomGroup^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Ether^c

Ethical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethical

Description

''Ethical' is an EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated conforms to some ''CodeOfEthics''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'ethical' in Wordnet:
         2. (2) ethical - (conforming to accepted standards of social 
             or professional behavior; 'an ethical lawyer'; 'ethical medical practice'; 
             'an ethical problem'; 'had no ethical objection to drinking'; 
             'Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants'- Omar N. Bradley)

Super-classes Honorable^c
Conforming^c

EthicalBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EthicalBehavior`
Description	''EthicalBehavior'' is a 'MannerOfBehavior' that is characterized by an conformance to some ''CodeOfEthics'' and Fairness.
Super-classes	FairPlay^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Righteousness^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ethical^c conformsTo^op value CodeOfEthics^c

Ethically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethically

Description

''Ethically'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the Attribute qualifed is interpreted in an ''Ethical'' sense. 'an ethically challenged politician'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ethically' in Wordnet:
          1. ethically - (in an ethical manner; from an ethical point of view;
            according to ethics; 'he behaved ethically'; 'this is ethically unacceptable')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Ethiopian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethiopian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Ethiopian' in WordNet: 1. Ethiopian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Ethiopia or its people or languages; 'Ethiopian immigrants')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

EthiopianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EthiopianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ethiopian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Ethiopian - (a native or inhabitant of Ethiopia)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethiopia^c

Ethnic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethnic

Description

'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cultural' in WordNet:
           1. (3) cultural, ethnic, ethnical - (denoting or deriving from or
             distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people; 
            'influenced by ethnic and cultural ties'- J.F.Kennedy; 'ethnic food')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EthnicFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EthnicFood`
Description	''EthnicFood'' is any ''Food' that is associated with some particular ''Culture'' or geographical region. Tacos? Sushi?
Super-classes	Food^c
Sub-classes	Sushi^c ChineseCuisine^c MexicanFood^c

EthnicFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EthnicFoodObject`
Description	''EthnicFoodObject'' is any ''FoodObject' that is associated with some particular ''Culture'' or geographical region.
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value EthnicFood^c

EthnicGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EthnicGroup`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethnic group' in WordNet: 1. ethnic group, ethnos - (people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value PersonByEthnicity^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ethnic^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Ethnicity^c

Ethnically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethnically

Description

''Ethnically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action or Adjective, specifying that the reference is to the''Cultural'' aspect.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ethnically' in Wordnet:
          1. ethnically - (with respect to ethnicity; 'the neighborhood is ethnically diverse')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Ethnicity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethnicity`
Description	''Ethnicity'' is a ''Quality'' that expresses the genetic or cultural background of a Person, usually associated with the birthplace of that person or of some ancestor. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethnicity' in WordNet: 1. ethnicity - (an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties; 'ethnicity has a strong influence on community status relations')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value EthnicGroup^c isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Ethnic^c

Ethnographic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethnographic

Description

Pertaining to 'Ethnography' and its methods and activities undertaken in investigations..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ethnographic' in Wordnet:
          1. ethnographic, ethnographical - (of or relating to ethnography; 'ethnographical data')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Ethnography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethnography`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethnography' in WordNet: 1. ethnography, descriptive anthropology - (the branch of anthropology that provides scientific description of individual human societies)`
Super-classes	Anthropology^c

Ethologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethologist' in WordNet: 1. ethologist - (a zoologist who studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats)`
Super-classes	Biologist^c

Ethos^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethos

Description

The Group of characteristics that provide the overall character of a Culture distinguishing it from others. An attribute or Group of attributes of a Culture.

    From Yale HRAF: ETHOS (Yale HRAF code 181)
    'General orientation of the culture; predominating interests, values,
     themes, and motivations; characterizations of the total culture 
     (e.g., as 'conservative,' 'competitive,' 'militaristic,'
      'spirit-ridden,' 'Apollonian,' 'folk,' 'urban'); allegations and 
      inferences as to national character; etc.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethos' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) ethos - ((anthropology) the distinctive spirit of a culture or an era; 'the Greek ethos')

Super-classes Group^c
CulturalThing^c
AttributeValue^c

EthylAcetate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EthylAcetate

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethyl acetate' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) ethyl acetate - (a fragrant colorless flammable volatile liquid ester made from ethanol and acetic acid; used in flavorings and perfumes and as a solvent for plastics)

Super-classes Ester^c

EthylAlcohol^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EthylAlcohol

Description

EthylAlcohol is the common 'alcohol' of alcoholic beverages, also called 'grain alcohol'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethyl alcohol', sense 1 of 'ethanol' 
      and sense 1 of 'grain alcohol' in WordNet:
       1. (5) ethyl alcohol, ethanol, fermentation alcohol, grain alcohol 
       - (the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors;
       used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes 
       and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable
       clean-burning additive to gasoline)

Super-classes Alcohol^c

Etiquette^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Etiquette

Description

''Etiquette' is the set of informal rules for behavior in a social setting, established by gneral consent as a way to avoid offending others.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'etiquette' in WordNet:
         1. (1) etiquette - (rules governing socially acceptable behavior)

Super-classes RulesForConduct^c

Eubacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eubacterium`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eubacterium' in WordNet: 1. eubacteria, eubacterium, true bacteria - (a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella)`
Super-classes	Bacterium^c
Sub-classes	Clostridium^c Spirochete^c Bacillus^c Actinomycete^c

EuclideanSpace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EuclideanSpace

Description

A ''EuclideanSpace'' is a ''Space'' which is an abstraction of the two or three-dimensional spaces discussed by Euclid in describing his 'Euclidean geometry'.

       RHW: 1.  ordinary two- or three-dimensional space.
            2.  any vector space on which a real-valued inner product is defined.
             Also called Cartesian space.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Euclidean space' in WordNet:
          1. Euclidean space - (a space in which Euclid's axioms and definitions apply; 
             a metric space that is linear and finite-dimensional)

Super-classes Space^c

EukaryoticCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EukaryoticCell`
Description	A specialization of #$Cell. Each instance of #$EukaryoticCell is a cell that serves as the basic structural unit of a eukaryotic organism. These cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. Multicellular Organisms generally have #$EukaryoticCells; #$EukaryoticCell DNA has introns. Certain #$EukaryoticCells, like the red blood corpuscles of #$Persons with heathy #$Spleens, lack nuclei.
Super-classes	Cell^c
Sub-classes	HaploidCell^c AnimalCell^c Protozoan^c

EukaryoticOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EukaryoticOrganism`
Description	$EukaryoticOrganism is a specialization of `#$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$EukaryoticOrganism is an organism (individual organism, not type of organism) composed of #$EukaryoticCells (cells which have mitochondria, other organelles, and nuclei containing chromosomes). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eukaryote' in WordNet: 1. eukaryote, eucaryote - (an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria; i.e. an organism with 'good' or membrane-bound nuclei in its cells)`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Sub-classes	Plant^c Animal^c

Eulogy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eulogy`
Description	A ''Eulogy'' is a formal ''PraiseText'' written or spoken in praise of and in memory of a Person who has died - usually recently. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eulogy' in WordNet: 1. eulogy, eulogium - (a formal expression of praise for someone who has died recently)`
Super-classes	PraiseText^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c

Eunuch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eunuch`
Description	CYC: a male animal without testicles. COSMO: This type is only for human eunuchs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eunuch' in WordNet: 1. eunuch, castrate - (a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction; 'eunuchs guarded the harem')`
Super-classes	MalePerson^c
Restrictions	wasTheDirectObjectOf^op value Castrating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Castrated^c

Euphemism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Euphemism`
Description	A ''Euphemism'' is an ''Expression'' used as a more polite and inoffensive term for something that has an alternative label that may be offensive or obscene or insulting to someone. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'euphemism' in WordNet: 1. euphemism - (an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive)`
Super-classes	Expression^c SubstituteThing^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heck

Euphoria^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Euphoria`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'euphoria' in WordNet: 1. (1) euphoria, euphory - (a feeling of great (usually exaggerated) elation)`
Super-classes	Elation^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Elation^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Euphoric^c

Euphoric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Euphoric

Description

''Euphoric'' is the attribute of somone feeling ''Euphoria''.

      NOTE: the WN gloss  seems to conflate the feelng with the attribute 
         characterizing the person with that feeling.
         Corresponds approimately  to adjective sense 1 of 'euphoric' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) euphoric - (exaggerated feeling of well-being or elation)

Super-classes Joyful^c

EuroZone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EuroZone`
Description	''EuroZone'' is the ''GroupOfCountries'' in Europe that use the ''Euro'' as a ''CurrencyUnit'', mostof them being members of the EuropeanUnion , but not all EuropeanUnion members use the Euro. From Wikipedia (September 2020): The eurozone, officially called the euro area,[7] is a monetary union of 19 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro as their primary currency and sole legal tender. The monetary authority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem. The eight remaining members of the European Union continue to use their own national currencies, although most of them will be obliged to adopt the euro in the future. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Other EU states (except for Denmark) are obliged to join once they meet the criteria to do so.[8] No state has left, and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled.[9] Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City have formal agreements with the EU to use the euro as their official currency and issue their own coins.[10][11][12] Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally,[13] but these countries do not officially form part of the eurozone and do not have representation in the European Central Bank (ECB) or in the Eurogroup.[14]
Super-classes	GroupOfCountries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Germany^c hasComponentElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Austria^c hasComponentElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Italy^c uses^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Euro^c hasComponentElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#France^c hasComponentElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spain^c

European^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#European

Description

''European'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Europe''. This is usually written with a capital 'E'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'European' and sense 1 of
          'Continental' in WordNet:
          1. (14) European - (of or relating to or characteristic of Europe 
          or the people of Europe; 'European Community')
        WN adj 'Continental':
          1. (3) Continental - (of or pertaining to or typical of Europe; 
             'a Continental breakfast')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EuropeanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EuropeanPerson`
Description	Any Person who is a citizen or inhabitant of Europe or participate in some itinctive aspect of European culture.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'European' in WordNet: 1. (2) European - (a native or inhabitant of Europe)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Sub-classes	Celt^c

Europium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Europium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of europium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'europium' in WordNet:
          1. europium, Eu, atomic number 63 - (a bivalent and trivalent
            metallic element of the rare earth group)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
RareEarthElement^c

Euthanasia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Euthanasia`
Description	''Euthanasia'' is a ''Killing'' in which the patient (object of the action, possibl a non-human animal) is put to death in a manner as painless as possible. This is most often performed on non-human animals, when they are near death from disease and the owner wants to minimize the animal's pain. Sometimes performed on people near death; but if the person ingests a poison under their own power the Person will perform an 'assisted suicide' which is not a ''Euthanasia''. CYC:A specialization of #$KillingByOrganism and #$ShowingSupportForSomeone. Each instance of #$Euthanasia is an #$Event in which a #$Person willfully ends or permits the end of the life of another #$Animal in a way in which the latter suffers very little or no physical pain. When the animal is a #$Person this is done after and only after he or she has requested that this be done. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'euthanasia' in WordNet: 1. euthanasia, mercy killing - (the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness))
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c Killing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Painless^c

Evacuating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evacuating`
Description	''Evacuating'' is the intransitive act of one or more Person(s) leaving a residence that is no longer liveable or safe to live in, to some other safer location `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'evacuate' in WordNet: 1. (1) evacuate - (move out of an unsafe location into safety; 'After the earthquake, residents were evacuated')`
Super-classes	ChangeOfResidence^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value PlaceOfResidence^c wasCausedBy^op some DifficultSituation^c hasSubEvent^op value LeavingaPlace^c

EvadingAnIssue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvadingAnIssue`
Description	''EvadingAnIssue'' is an ''Answering'' of a question by a Person who does perform an ''AssertingEvent'' (usually orally) in response to the question, but does not actually answer the question asked, thus avoiding giving the desired information (for any reason). This happens frequently when public officials or their spokespeople or apologists respond to embarrassing questions about the actions of those officials. It is also common whenever a Person answers a question when a true answer would be embarrassing or inconvenient. ''No comment'' does not qualify as this type - there has to be some assertion. `Corresponds to part (for answering) verb sense 1 of 'evade' in WordNet: 1. (3) hedge, fudge, evade, put off, circumvent, parry, elude, skirt, dodge, duck, sidestep - (avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues); 'He dodged the issue'; 'she skirted the problem'; 'They tend to evade their responsibilities'; 'he evaded the questions skillfully')`
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c Answering^c AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op value DirectAnswer^c

EvadingCapture^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvadingCapture

Description

       Corresponds to part (physical evasion) of noun sense 4 of 'evasion' in WordNet:
         4. evasion - (the act of physically escaping from something 
           (an opponent or a pursuer or an unpleasant situation) by some adroit maneuver)

Super-classes EludingCapture^c
HumanActivity^c
EscapingCaptivity^c

EvadingaLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvadingaLaw`
Description	''EvadingaLaw'' is an ''AvoidanceAction'' that uses some ''Loophole'' to avoid complying with the 'spirit of the law'', or with a provision in some contract. The ''Loophole'' may be an ambiguity or unintended consequence in the law (or contract clause) being evaded, or may be due to a different law (or contract clause) that provides the opportunity for evasion. In the case of a law, it might be deliberately inserted in the law by some legislator(s) and not noticed by others. In the case of a Contract, it might be deliberatey inserted by one of the contracting parties and accepted or not noticed by the other party. `evasion`
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op some ComplianceWithTheLaw^c usesResource^op some Loophole^c

Evaluating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evaluating`
Description	COSMO note: In COSMO, 'Evaluating' is not a subtype of 'StrictlyMentalEvent', as it includes Actions that involve the manipulation of PhysicalObjects such as in experimental testing. It is most often a combination of mental and physical actions. Although Evaluating has 'Reasoning' as a component, it includes other actions, and is therefore not a subtype of 'Reasoning', which is strictly mental. Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction and #$ThinkingAboutTheStateOfTheWorld. Each instance of this collection is an event in which at least one agent evaluates some real-world thing or situation. Notable specializations of #$Evaluating include #$MeasuringSomething, #$MedicalTesting, and #$Navigating. This collection differs from #$AnalyzingSomething in that the latter does not necessarily involve some extra-mental entity. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'evaluate' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'evaluation' in Wordnet: 1. (19) measure, evaluate, valuate, assess, appraise, value - (place a value on; judge the worth of something; 'I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional') 2. evaluate, pass judgment, judge - (form a critical opinion of; 'I cannot judge some works of modern art'; 'How do you evaluate this grant proposal?' 'We shouldn't pass judgment on other people') WN noun 'evaluation': 1. (8) evaluation, rating - (act of ascertaining or fixing the value or worth of) WN verb 'rate': 3. (1) rate, value - (estimate the value of; 'How would you rate his chances to become President?'; 'Gold was rated highly among the Romans')
Super-classes	PurposefulMentalActivity^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Evaluation^c hasSubEvent^op some Reasoning^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Valuation^c
Sub-classes	Grading^c RankingSomething^c MedicalTesting^c AssessingTheValueOfSomething^c TestOfSkill^c Opining^c Comparing^c Criticizing^c Reevaluating^c Experiment^c Diagnosing^c TestingEvent^c Counting^c CheckingUpOnSomething^c DataAnalysis^c

Evaluation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evaluation`
Description	An Assertion that is created by an Evaluating Event. In an Evaluation, the Premises are derived from observation of the thing(s) being evaluated, as well as from prior knowledge. NOTE that an ''Evaluation'' is an ''Opinion'', as it expresses the belief of a person, but is not guaranteed to be true. NOTE 2: this is for 'evaluations' that express opinions on facts other than* monetary value. For valuations of monetary value,use ''Valuation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'evaluation' in WordNet: 2. (3) evaluation, valuation, rating - (an appraisal of the value of something; 'he set a high valuation on friendship')`
Super-classes	Judgment^c Conclusion^c Commentary^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some Evaluating^c
Sub-classes	Appraisal^c Comparison^c Critique^c Grade^c Reassessment^c

EvaluativeAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvaluativeAttribute`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some entity, concrete or abstract, that reflects the judgment of an IntelligentAgent regarding that entity. The judgment may be objective or subjective, but will be relative to some purpose. `@ToDo: in assigning an 'EvaluativeAttribute', it should be necessary to specify the agent who has assigned that attribute value - but at this point (rev833) there is no mechanism for specifying the agent directly, other than in a reified assertion.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Entertaining^c Unethical^c Unhelpful^c Salient^c Interesting^c Meaningful^c Unimportant^c Impressive^c Exhilarating^c Subjective^c Unnecessary^c Acceptable^c Constructive^c Reasonable^c Urgent^c Taxable^c AttractivenessValue^c Supportive^c Confidential^c ExhibitingBitterness^c Redundant^c Unjust^c GoodnessValue^c Implemental^c Unimpressive^c Incomprehensible^c Unclear^c Unwanted^c Invalid^c Admirable^c Awkward^c Objective^c Spare^c Worthless^c Clear-Unclouded^c Nonsensical^c NewFangled^c NonUrgent^c Gratuitous^c Salutary^c Beneficial^c Gratifying^c Uninteresting^c Unrewarding^c IncompetentlyPerformed^c Descriptive^c Worthwhile^c Dull^c MorallyUpright^c Luxurious^c Clear^c Awe-inspiring^c Pleasant^c Rewarding^c Flawed^c OldFashioned^c Unacceptable^c Unpleasant^c Exciting^c Just^c Valuable^c Necessary^c Enjoyable^c

Evangelical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evangelical

Description

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'evangelical' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) evangelical - (relating to or being a Christian church 
            believing in personal conversion and the inerrancy of the Bible
            especially the 4 Gospels; 'evangelical Christianity'; 
            'an ultraconservative evangelical message')
         2. evangelical - (of or pertaining to or in keeping with the Christian gospel 
              especially as in the first 4 books of the New Testament)

Super-classes Christian^c

EvangelicalPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvangelicalPerson`
Description	evangelical
Super-classes	ChristianPerson^c

Evangelist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evangelist`
Description	This ''Evangelist'' is a ''Preacher'' (a ''Cleric'') in some religious congregation. This requires only some form of authorization from some religious authorities, so young Mormons who go places to proselytize are included. `NOTE: lay persons who believe an 'evangelical' doctrine but are not part of the formal structure of a religion are not included. Such persons may be referred to as 'evangelicals' but in COSMO terminology they would need a new term such as 'evangelical' or 'EvangelicalPerson'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evangelist' in WordNet: 1. (1) evangelist, revivalist, gospeler, gospeller - (a preacher of the Christian gospel)`
Super-classes	ChristianPerson^c Preacher^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value PreachingaReligion^c

Evaporating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evaporating`
Description	A specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. In each instance of #$Evaporating, something in liquid form (i.e., an instance of #$Liquid-StateOfMatter) is converted to vapor (and thus becomes an instance of #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter). For the Action of drying intentionally, use the subtype 'Drying'. SUMO: The Class of Processes where a Substance is converted from a Liquid to a Gas at a temperature below its Boiling point (at the ambient pressure). NOTE1: as of v0.32, sublimating and freeze-drying, where the substance evaporates from a solid phase directly to vapor, is included. It should be broken out separately. NOTE: instances of this Event do not have to have as Patient of the process an Object that is exclusively or mostly liquid, but the liquid may initially be only a fraction of the weight of the object of interest, as in the Event or process of drying something. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'evaporate' in Wordnet: 1. (2) evaporate, vaporize, vaporise - (lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue; 'evaporate milk') 2. evaporate, vaporise - (cause to change into a vapor; 'The chemist evaporated the water') 3. evaporate, vaporise - (change into a vapor; 'The water evaporated in front of our eyes')
Super-classes	Vaporization^c
Sub-classes	ConcentratingByEvaporation^c ConcentratingMapleSap^c RemovingaFluid^c

Evasive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evasive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'evasive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) evasive - (deliberately vague or ambiguous; 'his answers were brief, constrained and evasive'; 'an evasive statement')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

EvasiveStatement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvasiveStatement`
Description	An ''EvasiveStatement'' is an act of ''StatingSomething'' that is not literally false but is worded so as to avoid telling the truth, or to suggest something false. `NOTE: the WN synset is a subtype of ''Statement'' but in COSMO that term is the abstract content of an assertion, whereas this type more closely resenmbles the act of being evasive. Not the same hierarchy as in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evasion' in WordNet: 1. evasion, equivocation - (a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth)`
Super-classes	StatingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Evasive^c mayCause^op value Misunderstanding^c

Evasiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evasiveness`
Description	''Evasiveness' is a ''Feeling'' and a BehavioralDisposition that disposes a Person to avoid giving open and honest answers. `WN has "untruthfulness" rather than ''Dishonesty'' as parent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evasiveness' in WordNet: 1. equivocation, prevarication, evasiveness - (intentionally vague or ambiguous)`
Super-classes	Dishonesty^c
Restrictions	causesOrInduces^op value EvasiveStatement^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Evasive^c

Eve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eve`
Description	An instance of this type must specify the ''Day'' of which that instance is the ''Eve'', or at least the type of ''Day'' (e.g. Christmas, NewYearsDay). "day" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'eve' in WordNet: 2. (2) eve - (the day before; 'he always arrives on the eve of her departure')
Super-classes	Day^c
Restrictions	precedes^op some (Day^c or TimeIntervalType^c)

Even^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Even`
Description	'Even' as an attribute (adjective) is a broad term signifying alignment of comparable edges of two PhysicalObjects, or a relative smoothness of the surface of an object. The subtypes of this type give the more specific meanings. `Note: for the sense of 'even' meaning 'equal' or '50-50 division' see 'EvenAmounts'. This corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'even' in WordNet: 3. (2) even - (being level or straight or regular and without variation as e.g. in shape or texture; or being in the same plane or at the same height as something else (i.e. even with); 'an even application of varnish'; 'an even floor'; 'the road was not very even'; 'the picture is even with the window')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Smooth^c MostlyFlat^c Flat^c

EvenInAmount^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvenInAmount

Description

'EvenInAmount' is an AttributeValue of a Group (usually 2) all of whose elements are 'equal' or equivalent in some quantitative sense. This is a subtle specialization of the parent 'Equal' in that it is used only for amounts of something that are related in that they might not be equal, e.g. when a sum of things are divied into parts, so that the parts are an 'EvenInAmount' division of the total.

        Corresponds approximately to adjective senses 2 and 6 of'even' in Wordnet:
         WN adjective 'even':
           2. (3) even, fifty-fifty - (equal in degree or extent or amount; 
             or equally matched or balanced; 'even amounts of butter and sugar';
             'on even terms'; 'it was a fifty-fifty (or even) split'; 
             'had a fifty-fifty (or even) chance'; 'an even fight')
           6. tied, even, level - (of the score in a contest; 'the score is tied')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

EvenInteger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvenInteger`
Description	An Integer that is evenly divisible by 2.
Super-classes	Integer^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op some DivisibleByTwo^c

EvenTempered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvenTempered

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'even-tempered' in Wordnet:
          1. equable, even-tempered, good-tempered, placid - (not easily irritated; 'an equable temper'; 
             'not everyone shared his placid temperament'; 
             'remained placid despite the repeated delays')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Evening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evening`
Description	The class of TimeIntervals that begin at 6:00 PM and end at the moment before midnight (midnight is the first moment of the next day). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evening' in WordNet: 1. (38) evening, eve, even, eventide - (the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall); 'he enjoyed the evening light across the lake') WN adj'postmeridian': 1. postmeridian - (after noon)`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfternoonAndNightTime^c

Evenly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evenly

Description

This ''Evenly'' is an AdverbialModifier being the adverbial form of ''Even'', which characterizes Actions or situations that involve some form of equal distribution of multiple different types of things, or equal quantities of some substance. For equal distribution of two types of things use ''Equally''

        'they spread the paint evenly over the whole table.'

       Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'evenly' in Wordnet:
         2. evenly - (in a level and regular way)

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

EvenlyDivisible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvenlyDivisible`
Description	EvenlyDivisible is an Attribute of a number or numerical quantity that can be divided by some integer without leaving a remainder: the integer must be specified
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	DivisibleByTwo^c

Event^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Event`
Description	An Event in COSMO can be represented as a Group of component subevents, or as a Group of TimeIndexed Assertions, each of which specifies some property of one or more components of the system, in some time interval or within some "SpatiotemporalRegion''.. Linguistically the occurrance of an ''Event'' can be expressed using terms like 'happen' or 'occur' with the nominative forms of a verb Sense 1 of verb 'happen' and sense 1 of 'occur' in WordNet are expressed by this concept, as is the relation 'occurredAt'. This concept answers the question 'what happened'?: 1. (150) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important') The grounding of the meaning of an Event rests on the specification of the properties and relations ('fluents') of the Objects participating in the Event at times during the course of the Event; this is accomplished by specifying a Group of 'TimeIndexedAssertion's, which in aggregate represent the changes to the fluents of one or more objects over some interval of time, and containing the component elements: (1) InstantaneousState at the starting time (2) InstantaneousState at the Ending time (3) The FunctionalProcess that describes the intermediate states between the starting and ending times. Events that are represented as a Group of subevents or as a single undivided Event (some 'accomplishment') do not need to specify the FunctionalProcess, but should specify the starting and ending InstantaneousStates. (NOTE that the restriction on the components of an Event include 'EventType' so that a type of Event that is composed of subevents can specify the type of one or more subevents, without specifying the individual subevent an an individual instance of an Event) * Location in space and time * The relations ''"hasStartingTimePoint"'' and ''hasEndingTimePOint'' can specify the exact or approximate time (each of these can point to a time interval) at which an Event starts or ends; the relation 'W5H' relations: The details of Events are specified by ObjectProperties that can point to the Who, What, Where, When, Why and How, (the " W5H " relations and 'With what effect' (the consequence, if any). in COSMO each of these relations may have one or more ObjectProperties that provide these links. For example: What: The type of Event that is used in OWL as an instance label, as in: Moonwalk rdf:ID="FirstWalkOnTheMoon"/> Who: The Agent that performed the Action: wasPerformedByAgent rdf:resource="#NeilArmstrong"/> Where: The location of the Event: occuredAt rdf:resource="#EarthsMoon"/> When: occurredWithinTimeInterval rdf:resource="#Year1969AD"/> Why: hasPurpose rdf:resource="#DiscoveryEvent"/> How: wasFacilitatedByInstrument rdf:resource="#Spacecraft"/> Effect: caused rdf:resource="#Awe"/> There are a number of other ObjectProperties that can add detail to a type or instance of an Event, some relations being more specific as to the domain and range of the relation. The ObjectProperties in COSMO are in general not 'functional in that they may have more than one object for each subject of the relation, unless constrained by a 'cardinality' restriction. Informally, a state,process, or event in COSMO is interpreted as the set of values of some 'fluents' (attributes or relations that may change over time), but the actual formal representation is a Group in which the group elements are the TimeIndexedAssertions specifying the values of the fluents pertaining to some Group of Objects, at some TimePoint or TimerInterval. he differences between State, Process,and Event are: State: The Group of Assertions that hold at one time point (InstantaneousState), or persist without change of value over some contiguous interval of time (PersistentState). No value can change within a State. NOTE that one can represent the state of an individual relation or attribute for some Object, without specifying how other attributes may or may not change. Therfore one can, for example, represent a Feeling as a PersistentState that continues without change in value over some interval of time, while other attributes or relations on the same Person change dramatically. Each attribute of each Object represented in a State can be represented as a State separately from the states of other Objects. FunctionalProcess: The full set of LinguisticAssertions specifying the values of fluents at each time point or smaller TimeInterval within a TimeInterval in which the Process is defined. The set of LinguisticAssertions relate times to values,and in that respect is analogous to a mathematical function. In analogy to a mathematical function, one can derive a 'rate' for a Process (in cases where the values are quantified) by taking the ratio of (difference in value) to (difference in time) for any TimeInterval in which a change of value is specified. This rate may change from time to time during a FunctionalProcess. NOTE A FunctionalProcess may also be defined, not by specifying the individual values of the fluents at points in time, but by specifying the manner in which a fluent can change over time. One specific example of this is a differential equation which can be used to take the value of a fluent at some starting point in time, and calculate the values at subsequent points in time. Thus a FunctionalProcess can have, as its TimeIndexedAssertion, a differential equation. @ToDo: the specifics of how a differential equation are to be represented have not been elaborated as of rev837. Linguistically an Event may be labeled by a verb or a noun. The arguments to an event (e.g. the participants) may be implied by use of some linguistic terms (e.g. 'skating' implies the use of skates as a tool). Any given event type may subsume many subtypes, each being an Event with some different type of participant. Whether or not to represent such subtypes explicitly will depend in part on whether the participants are mentioned explicitly in a linguistic text, or whether there are linguistic terms that implicitly assume a certain type of participant. As of rev835, there is no systematic criterion for deciding whether to explicitly represent events with a certain type of participant as subtypes of the more general type, other than whether there are English words that imply a certain type of participant without that participant being mentioned explicitly in text (e.g. 'Baking' is a subtype of 'HeatingProcess', using an Oven as an instrument). Event: focuses on the values of the fluents at the beginning and ending of some TimeInterval, but also includes the FunctionalProcess that specifies the fluent values at times between the beginning and ending. Since the focus of an Event is on the change from one time point to the next, one cannot specify a 'rate' in the same sense as for a FunctionalProcess, where the rate may change many times during the FunctionalProcess. For an Event, one can derive a single 'rate' value that specifies the overall ratio of change of fluent value to time, between the beginning and ending points, and for any instance of Event, only one such 'rate' can be defined. Although logically included in each Event are the starting and ending times, (see relations hasStartingTimePoint and hasEndingTimePoint), these may not be known, and creating an instance of Event does not require specifying those times if not known. NOTE that the FunctionalProcess which is a component of the Event contains all of the elements contained in the Event, in that it contains itself, and also contains the states at the beginning and end. While containing all of those elements, however, it is nevertheless a distinctly different concept, since the 'Event' specifically selects out of the FunctionalProcess the beginning and ending states as characteristic of the Event. The Event is not a FunctionalProcess, but contains a FunctionalProcess as a component element. A FunctionalProcess can be derived from an Event, and an Event can be derived from a FunctionalProcess that is defined over some interval of time. A 'FunctionalProcess' that has only one time point in it also represents a special kind of Event, the limiting case of an InstantaneousState. NOTE also that an instance of FunctionalProcess that is defined by a mathematical function relating properties to time must have associated with it some time interval during which it is asserted to be valid, in order to be an instance. NOTE also that this representation of Event does not resemble a perdurantist 'history' which focuses on some region of space-time. Regions of space-time are represented as 'SpatiotemporalRegion' in COSMO, but the only spatial regions of relevance to an Event are those that can be derived from the locations of the Objects that participate in an Event. The significant conceptual components of an Event are the properties ('fluents') of the Objects that participate in the Event, and insofar as the locations of the Objects may be, but are not necessarily, represented in the Event, those locations may be significant, but except in Events solely depicting motion, the locations are incidental rather than central to the changes represented by the Event. Each Event represents one or more changes that occur to the attributes or relations ('fluents') of one or more objects during some defined interval of time (or for abstract Events, within some interval on the dimension of causality); the net changes are represented by the state at the beginning of the event and the state at the end of the Event. In the physical world, real Events typically have multiple intermediate stages, and nothing occurs instantaneously, but some non-physical Events such as a change of title for a Person may occur at a precise moment by prior arrangement. The representation of intermediate stages of an Event can be explicit, with the included events related to the whole event by the 'hasSubEvent' relation or 'hasTemporalPart' relation. The first can be more specific about one of serveral fluents that vary during an event. The temporal part relation between Events must relate a subevent that includes all of the fluents represented in the whole Event. Each Event includes implicitly a Process that specifies the course of each fluent between the start and end times. At this point (v0.39) there is in most cases no explicit representation of the included Process, but each ''FunctionalProcess'' will, if represented explicitly, have an associated time granularity indicating the minimal intervals over which the change in the fluents are represented. The size of the granularity intervals during which FunctionalProcess states are represented will depend on the discretion of the ontologist for the purposes of the representation. COSMO note: note that in some ontologies (and situation logics) , 'Event' is used to refer to a change in state that is considered instantaneous. In COSMO, such an 'Event' is a subtype of the more general event, which is a change in state that occurs over some interval of time (which, for instantaneous changes would be a zero-length time interval). NOTE also that for some Events, such as cyclic Events, merely representing the starting and ending states - which may be identical - loses the whole meaning of the Event; so intermediate states must also be represented in some manner to provide meaning to the Event. Called: Event(Cyc); Process(SUMO); event(DOLCE); Processual(SPAN-BFO) ********** NOTE on BFO 'Process' ************************** COSMO: BFO the Type most closely representing COSMO 'Event' is 'Process', so that BFO type is made synonymous with ''Event'. BFO makes the distinction between 'Fiat' events (FiatProcessPart = parts of events) and complete events. This Type represents the complete Event with well-defined beginnings and ends, though an Event can be located in some TimeInterval even if itdoes not fill that time interval (e.g. occurred in some particular year, bt only took part of a day).The FiatProcessPart event is included for compatibility, though not yet used. BFO ('Process') Definition: A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatio-temporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. BFO Examples: the life of an organism, the process of sleeping, the process of cell-division ******** NOTE on BFO 'Process' **************************** Cyc comment: An important specialization of #$Situation and thus also of #$IntangibleIndividual and #$TemporallyExistingThing (qq.v). Each instance of #$Event is a dynamic situation in which the state of the world changes; each instance is something one would say happens . Events are intangible because they are changes per se, not tangible objects that effect and undergo changes. Notable specializations of #$Event include #$Event-Localized, #$PhysicalEvent, #$Action, and #$GeneralizedTransfer. #$Events should not be confused with #$TimeIntervals (q.v.). The temporal bounds of events are delineated by time intervals, but in contrast to many events time intervals have no spatial location or extent. COSMO note: 'Event' was merged with Cyc ''PhysicalEvent'' and Cyc 'Event-Localized' The Cyc 'StrictlyMentalEvent' is classified as a PhysicalEvent in COSMO. Cyc: (PhysicalEvent') A specialization of #$Event-Localized. Each instance of #$PhysicalEvent is a spatially localized event involving one or more physical objects or stuffs. #$PhysicalEvents typically involve interaction among #$PartiallyTangibles. But note that a physical event might consist in the creation, destruction, movement, or a change in some physical feature of a single salient physical object. (See #$PhysicalCreationEvent, #$PhysicalDestructionEvent, #$MovementEvent, and #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent.) For a contrasting (though not necessarily disjoint) collection, see #$StrictlyMentalEvent. For events that have both physical and mental components, see the collection #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent. Cyc ('Event-Localized'): A specialization of #$Event. #$Event-Localized is the collection of all events that occur at a specific location in space. Notable specializations of #$Event-Localized include #$PhysicalEvent and #$AnimalActivity. NOTE to specify an occurrence of an Event that is known to have actually happened in the RealWorld use ''Occurrence'. The term'incidence' is also used to mean an instance of some Event type, but that sense is not in WN: RHW: 2. a falling upon, affecting, or befalling; occurrence: The incidence of murder that Sunday afternoon shocked the sleepy village. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'event' and senses 1 and 2 of 'occurrence' in WordNet: 1. (62) event - (something that happens at a given place and time) WN noun 'occurrence' (not restricted to natural events): 2. (3) occurrence - (an instance of something occurring; 'a disease of frequent occurrence'; 'the occurrence (or presence) of life on other planets') WN noun 'happening': 1. (2) happening, occurrence, occurrent, natural event - (an event that happens) WN 'happen: 1. (150) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important')
Super-classes	Situation-Localized^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c SituationProcessEventOrState^c ProcessualEntity^c ObjectOrEvent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (TimeIndexedAssertion^c or Event^c or FunctionalProcess^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	HistoricalEvent^c PhysicalReaction^c IncreaseInaQuantity^c Exceeding^c CauseConfusion^c DidNotHappenEvent^c Smoking^c Dirtying^c SalientGoodEvent^c BecomingEvent^c UnknownEvent^c FunctionalEvent^c ReversibleProcess^c UndesirableEvent^c WeatherEvent^c AmusementEvent^c PersistentState^c InterruptingEvent^c Continuation^c Sequel^c stative_DOLCE^c Effect^c Enabling^c CausalEvent^c RoleSituation^c Occasion^c Iteration^c LoomingOver^c CompletionEvent^c MotionInPlace^c Benefit^c RandomEvent^c ComingLater^c Antedating^c Occurrence^c PeriodicEvent^c Action^c PossibleEffect^c Precondition^c SalientBadEvent^c ElectricalEvent^c SeparationEvent^c Accompaniment^c InstantaneousEvent^c PhysiologicalProcess^c DailyEvent^c Converging^c Precedent^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c GainingUserRights^c ExposureEvent^c AppearingToBe^c NightlyEvent^c Benefiting^c BadLuckEvent^c Mishap^c AttractingPeople^c Resumption^c LackingSomething^c GettingWet^c AtmosphericEvent^c DiscontinuousEvent^c PrenatalEvent^c Opportunity^c NonHumanEvent^c EconomicEvent^c SideEffect^c PostnatalEvent^c Recurrence^c SatisfyingEvent^c AccompaniedEvent^c ProcessiveEvent^c Phenomenon^c PastEvent^c SubEvent^c GeneralizedTransfer^c PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent^c EnergyTransferEvent^c ResponsibilityForPastEvent^c DelightingSomeone^c Connecting^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c ProcessComponentEvent^c MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c AffectingSomething^c EnsuingEvent^c SalientEvent^c InitialEvent^c
In domain of	wasLuckyFor^op hadAffectedPerson^op inducedAgentToAction^op hadObjectPerceived^op reversedTheEffectOf^op wasUnluckyFor^op hadBeginningState^op causedCreationOf^op demands^op causedToBelieve^op isaTemporalPartOfEvent^op hadEndingState^op
In range of	isaContinuationOf^op isaResumptionOf^op isanAnniversaryOf^op reversedTheEffectOf^op isaTemporalPartOfEvent^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunrise20500101 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarriageOfPatAndDianeCassidy

Event-Organized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Event-Organized`
Description	CYC: A collection of individual events. An event is an instance of #$Event-Organized if it is planned and directed by some instance of #$Person or #$Organization. Elements of #$MusicalPerformance, #$Trial, and #$Bombing would all be instances. Elements of #$Earthquake and #$Breathing would not. `This is for any Event in which a Group of people (as few as two) have gathered somewhere after some planning. For gatherings that have a primary 'social' function (meet and enjoy), use subtype ''SocialGathering''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social event' in WordNet: 1. (1) social event - (an event characteristic of persons forming groups)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c)
Sub-classes	SportsCompetition^c Dating^c OrganizedCelebration^c PoliticalEvent^c FormalMeeting^c LegalProceeding^c BaseballInning^c SocialGathering^c FaceTime^c MilitaryOperation^c DecidingAgainst^c Session^c PoliticalCampaign^c FutureMeeting^c DecidingByVote^c MakingRulesCollectively^c GameEvent^c Gala^c

EventAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventAttributeValue`
Description	An EventAttributeValue is an AttributeValue that specifically characterizes Events.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	WithoutHope^c Ineffectual^c Judicious^c Hasty^c Intermittent^c Regrettable^c Pointless^c Quick^c Slow-tempo^c Unhurried^c

EventGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventGroup`
Description	A Group consisting exclusively of 'Event's or ''EventType''s. NOTE: this is taken to be approximately equivalent to BFO ''ProcessAggregate'', but in BFO this is disjoint from ''ProcessualContext'' whereas in COSMO ''ProcessualContext'' is a subtype of ''EventGroup''. The disjoint assertion has been omitted in COSMO. BFO 'ProcessAggregate': BFO: Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a mereological sum of process [span:Process] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries. BFO: Examples: the beating of the hearts of each of seven individuals in the room, the playing of each of the members of an orchestra, a process of digestion and a process of thinking taken together.
Super-classes	ProcessualEntity^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (EventType^c or Event^c)
Sub-classes	SequenceOfStates^c Metabolizing^c TimeLine^c Coincidence^c Evolution^c ActionGroup^c Gunfire^c ChronologicalSequence^c EventSeries^c ProcessiveEvent^c DoubeHeader^c WorkingCareer^c LifeExperiences^c Trend^c ActionWithAccompaniment^c ProcessualContext^c NationalEconomy^c Innings^c

EventIndexedTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventIndexedTimeInterval`
Description	A TimeInterval that is specified, not by its actual numerical location on the time line (universal calendar), but by its co-occurence with some known Event. To say 'He was born during World War II' is to specify that he was born during the TimeInterval coinciding with World War II. In this case, 'World War II' refers to an EventIndexedTimeInterval, which is a TimeInterval, not an Event. Instances of this type can be used in various ways. In one case, an assertion may state: 'That light is on only when there is a person in room 23'. A type of PersistentState would be defined in which some person is in that room, e.g. 'SomePersonIsInRoom23', and a type of TimeInterval 'TimeWhenaPersonIsInRoom23', which is an EventIndexedTimeInterval indexed to the Event 'SomePersonIsInRoom23'. There would then be a restriction between the EventType of that light being on and the EventIndexedtimeInterval 'TimeWhenaPersonIsInRoom23'. Though this sounds This corresponds to element 6.6 in the Omega Codebook 'EventAsTime'.
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op some Event^c
Sub-classes	PostOperativePeriod^c GameOvertime^c Season^c TermOfAnActivity^c RegulationTime^c

EventRelativistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventRelativistic

Description

Each 'EventRelativistic' is something that is located at a particular point in space-time. This is a specialized technical concept, not needed in most applications. It is here just to locate this concept, often seen in populat science literature, within this ontology.

      Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'event' in WordNet:
         3. event - (a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time;
           the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory)

Super-classes InstantaneousEvent^c

EventSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventSeries`
Description	A ''EventSeries'' is a Group of Events in which one can be considered the ''Initial'' (''FirstOfaSeries''), but the Events are not necessarily sequential and may overlap, and after the first, several may start and continue without restriction on the number of duration of the component Events. The series ''ordering'' is on the starting tie of each component Event. Very general. `For a 'ChronologicallyOrdered' ''EventSeries'' use subtype ''ChronologicalSequence''.`
Super-classes	Series^c EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	ReiterativeEventSeries^c Breathing^c Throbbing^c ChronologicalSequence^c TelevisonSeries^c Pounding^c SequenceOfStates^c Legislating^c

EventSeriesPhase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventSeriesPhase`
Description	An ''EventSeriesPhase'' is a TimeInterval that is contemporary with one or more Events in a ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' and whose beginning and end time points sepearate one type of ''action'' in the series from another type of ''Action''. Each ''ActionSeriesPhase'' is contained within the TimeInterval that is defined by the beginning time and ending tie of the ActionSeries. This type is not a subtype of 'ProcessStage' because it is not necessarily caused by some transition Event, as a ProcessStage must be, although there should be some distinctive character to separate the attributes of the different ''ActionSeriesPhase''s, However, it does seem to be included in the sense 1 of WordNet 'stage'. WN 'stage' noun in WordNet: 1. phase, stage - (any distinct time period in a sequence of events; 'we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected')
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf some ReiterativeEventSeries^c
Sub-classes	HistoricalPeriod^c Era^c

EventTrajectory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventTrajectory`
Description	An ''EventTrajectory'' is the generic location of a ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' in which each component ''TimeAndPlace'' is the location for one of the Events in the series. NOTE: This can be used to represent both the time and location of any Event particularly an Event in which the location of the participants changes from time to time, and the change of location is significant to the intended meaning (e.g. a 'parade'). The alternative is to specify a location that includes all the locations over time, and a ''TimeInterval'' that includes all the time from start to finish of the Event. Therefore in order to represent the various locations of a moving event, one may use the ''occurredAt'' relation to point to an instance of ''EventTrajectory'', which is a subtype of ''Genericlocation''. For a TimeInterval that represents part of an ''EventTrajectory'' uses an ''EventSeriesPhase''.
Super-classes	SpatiotemporalRegionSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value TimeAndPlace^c

EventType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Event as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	TemporalThingType^c
Sub-classes	ImmunityType^c PersonalityTraitType^c MusicType^c RepeatedEventType^c QualityType^c CycleType^c LossType^c FutureSituationType^c CuttingOrGrindingType^c ChemicalReactionType^c ConditionType^c ActionType^c
In domain of	hasTheVerbalForm^dp hasRoleList^op
In range of	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op mayHaveSubEvent^op typicallyFinishes^op hasEventType^op isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming^op typicallyStarts^op causesMentalEventType^op
Members	Dreaming PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent RiskySituation Solidification AnnealingGlass BreakingaDevice BlackLight Quarreling ComputerDisplayView MilitaryAttack Rhyme VaVaVoom Windiness StrictlyMentalEvent Eek Magnetism Cause MakingAnAgreement Surge Undermining StateChange Pshaw Bowing Execution-Judicial Vroom Uh FailingToCollide GainingFreedom OfferingForSale ShooSound Reflecting LosingaContest ComplicatingFactor MovementOrShapeChangeEvent Weakening NegativeConsequence Draw Solvation MulticoloredLight RunningAnErrand WirelessCommunication Moratorium CatchingaCold Typifying Flame FailingToUnderstand Reflection NecessitatingSomething EnlargedState EmittingaGlow Sublimating Playoff CeasingToExist RateDecrease ExhilaratingEvent ProcessIsCompleted Equivalence IntentionalDestruction LeavingaPathOfTravel HumanOccupancy SurprisingSomeone GuaranteeingSomething Fitting PolypeptideBonding Splat Compacting IncreasingaWage OrchestraMusic PersonalBond PhysicalContactMakingEvent VitalForce LoomingOver Light GooseHonk Vandalism OverTone ResponsibilitySituation Gridlock Honk Debilitation EmittingStuff RemovingaFluid InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission Drought ArousingAnEmotion InitialEvent Ha CrossingAGap AppearingToBe SupernaturalPhenomenon FunnyEvent FailingToPerceive NightlyEvent Sigh Inputting FloatingOnaLiquid Reconnecting VisiblePhenomenon ApplyingAForce Ruination WithstandingEvent Affliction Intertwining InheritingSomething ConjuringUpSomething BiologicalEvent CrunchingSound SupernovaEvent Vacuum WinningAnAward PushingPhenomenon WeakForce FingeringaWoodwind WorseningEvent FlankingSomething PeaceOfMind Commemorating ExceedingaCapacity FlabbergastingSomeone IntrinsicStateChangeEvent Eradicating TransferOfControl SearingEvent Transition DrummingSound BeingInProximity DestructionEvent InfectingEvent-MechanicalVectorBorneTransmission GettingSick InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission Sake BreakingaBone Scintillation FinalState FieldSportsEvent SprinklingStuff Nutrition GroupTransferIn DizzyingEvent AccidentalDeath PushingEvent Interrogating LowPitchSound CrossingTheFinishLine LightningEvent WringingaWetObject FingeringaMusicalInstrument ApplyingAPressure ParanormalEvent Beeping RemainingInaLocation AssignedTask Blockade UnintendedEffect LoudNoise PsychologicalDevastation AfflictingWithAnAilment Fatness StimulatingSexualArousal Aftermath Reality Condensing HavingSomething Sliding-LowFriction UpsettingaPerson GolfHolePar Cushioning StayingStill Laughter FrighteningEvent WarmingProcess PhysicalForce HorribleThing BlockingSituation Adhering Ho Disinflation MakingFacialExpression Radiance AttachmentEvent UltraSound Destiny Insecurity Hey FlukeOfLuck AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce Lottery Alikeness AlarmSound Baking-Hardening RepulsiveForce GoldenOpportunity Dangling Readiness ProcessStage ShiningLight Inflation Derailing TanglingCords StrikingAnObjectEvent EngrossingaPerson ChangeOfStatusEvent GoalSituation CriticalJuncture RandomEvent RapMusic Date CripplingEvent ShelteringPeople Crumpling Reminding Synthesis-Generic BeingKilled Ruining StormAsEvent Instability Responsibility Emanating Panorama ReceivingInformation Standstill Hurtling Unpacking Flop BeingBalanced BeingEngaged Clicking RentingSpaceInaHOC ElongatingEvent Scene Breeze DirectCause LegalJudgment RentingForPersonalUse InternationalSportsCompetition Rusting Crystallizing DiscontinuousEvent Subsiding Encumbrance TieScore Exclamation Noise PossibleEffect DestructiveWind ReiterativeGameEvent Halo DissatisfyingEvent ReligiousEvent Bang BeingUnderwater CausingAnEvent MealIsReady Gunfire Puff CriticalCrossroads Gunshot FlashOfLight Euthanasia TemperingSteel Woof PurchaseOrder CrossingABridge ScientificDiscovery UndesirableSituation MotivatingAnAgentToAct Spectacle Uniting Aurora RhythmicBeat OlympicGames TelevisonSeries DelightingSomeone Wandering Deposing BeingSupported Tweaking BeginningOfAnEvent FireAlarmSignal UnpleasantEvent GameEvent IncreaseEvent Weathering CrashingSound PersistentState BunglingaTask Echoing Creaking RecurringAction Fusing Fire MovingBetweenThings ClappingSound Accompaniment BreakingSomethingIntoPieces ImminentPossibleFutureSituation MultipleAspects AppearingEvent Flatlining ShortCircuit Ending ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound ShapingMetalWithaDie PostnatalEvent ThrillingaPerson ProcessComponentEvent Bong Disintegrating IncurringDamage BeingSlanted Incandescence PossibleFutureBenefit AcquiringWeapons ReversibleStateChange Reception OccupyingaPlace ImmediateWeatherProcess Hmm Explosion CrossingACountryBorder PhysicalTransformationEvent Moo SaltingFood Protruding OnsetOfAnAilment Snap LapsingIntoaState InternationalJihad BaseballHit Beep EnvironmentalDegradation Benevolence Immunization GroupTransferOut RevitalizingaPerson Shh DailyEvent Breakdown TerminatingEmploymentAtOrganization Drawing-RandomSelection Relapsing OfferingToBuy NonReality Argh BiologicalDecompositionEvent Rainbow OverlappingPartly Precedent Darkening Cackle AccompanyingOnaTrip Sheen FascinatingaPerson BoomingSound SocialAmbiance Disgruntling Setback ConcentratingaSubstance OrganizationalTransfer InfectingEvent EighthNote GainingUserRights SpoilingOfFood Footfall Effect Situation-Localized MilitaryOperation Vivacity Stimulus InternalState Aspect Confidentiality BeingDifferent Emission SoundInformationBearingThing SatisfyingHungerOrThirst BeingFractured Haste SwellingEvent Touching Wrecking Speckling Bidding BeingReadyForUse Volatility LegalAppeal Echo SqueezingEvent Chill EmptyingEvent ElectricalSignal Annihilation EmptyingCompletely Desperation FinalScore Windfall OrganismPrevalence BaseballDouble BeingOnHorseback Disconnecting CloudlessSky Secrecy HistoricalEvent SpittingImage Heartburn Proliferation BeingConforming Defacing SurrenderingAfteraFight NonMarketEconomy GeneralizedTransfer BullsEye Equality ShutoutScore Mooching FullMoon Fault CompletionEvent BarkingSound GoodLuckEvent Dizziness TemperatureChangingProcess Existence SportsEvent Mystery Par Burst War RapidOnset LackingHair FailingToArrive MentalEvent EventGroup BiologicalEvolution Decomposing Returning GlaringLight TakingPossessionOfSomething Globalization TakingaTrip DangerousSituation ActionShowing ConsumingSomething ThrobbingSound ExitingOfFluidFromaContainer Imposition EnteringSomething PassingThroughSomething CauseConfusion Detaching Whisper HarmonicTone View PossibleFutureDanger DeviceMode Dirtying Fluctuating TragicEvent CandleLight VideoDisplay Downturn BadLuckEvent FillingInCracks RingingSound PleasingEvent Mishap BecomingEvent Upside Polluting StateOfUncertainty TouchingAnotherPerson CausingDeepLaughter Benefit Shedding CrescentMoon Reinforcing LackingSomething InformationTransferPhysicalEvent Lack RelativeAbsence ForestFire RateIncrease AspectOfaProblem MiddleOfAnEvent RareEvent Flicker Bye Oops Inequality RaisingMoney StartingState Socialism CreativeImagining GooseHonking Mixing MathematicalProcedure CommunicationAct-Single Bickering MusicalChord Tableau Nodding CreationOrDestructionEvent LosingCulturalHeritage Pop InformationRetrieval Combining EmittingAnObject Chewing EnergyConversionProcess PlanContext PropellingAir Alternation Amen Aah AtmosphericEvent Materializing CulturalEvent Reappearing SymmetricView Travel-TripEvent Baa CrossingTheAtlanticOcean Rejoining Tolling Similarity ExtendingOutward Ping NonDestructiveWind FollowingMotion EnclosingSomething Smearing StimulatingaPersonToAction StateOfUnion Communism NuclearExplosion SucceedingEvent Engrossing FoundingSomething Gliding Snore Degeneration MissingAnAppointment EnsuingEvent Cloudiness Wrath Motion Indebtedness BeingSuitable Oink ClassicalMusic BeingInaTrench StoppingEvent Dribbling Disassembling PersonalGrooming BeingSuggestiveOfSomething PrenatalEvent Cohesion Huh PassingThroughPortal StaggeringEmotionally Eliminating GlobalWarmingEvent IncurringPhysicalDamage Presence WeatherEvent Freeze Drooling Hurrah Undergoing Absorption WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack Inattention ComplicationEvent EndingOfAnEvent MusicalNote Evolution ChemicalInteraction Translation-MultiTrajectory ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity RainStorm Bonfire ArrivingAtAPlace BeingPolarized DreamComeTrue Wind Corrosion PiningAway Occurrence GolfEagle Insulating ProcessualContext Oscillating Inspiration ChronologicalSequence SequentialLoopExecution Honking FingeringSomething Prelude CatchingCOVID-19 IncreaseInaQuantity Accident Rototilling ProblemSituation Tweet BeingRelated HandClap PopMusic ContestResult mm-hmm NationalEconomy RealExistence CausingaMentalEvent Disappearing PowerFailure OrganismCollapse Brandishing Foreground Recurrence Recess MusicalHarmony Luck HangingFromSomething Parity TranslationAlongASurface ConcentratingaSolution MovieShowing Shade Dilating FumblingaBall Strengthening VisibleLight ChangeOfState OverlookingaPlace TouchingState Sound DidNotHappenEvent SatisfyingEvent Smoking AccompaniedEvent TreatEvent CatchingAnInfectiousDisease RockMusic DecreaseEvent GettingaFeeling Downside Raininess BaseballSingle Rupturing Abeyance stative_DOLCE BurstingApart GesturingWithTheHands ExcitingEvent ShockingSomeone Innings InterestingaPerson Reaction GuerrillaWar ConvenienceState Stoppage Resembling Apocalypse HabitatSituation Pollution RoutineAction Colliding Scenery BecomingWeaker LackingSleeves MakingSomethingMoreCompact Spurting TrafficCongestion Blackening ShortageOfFood Gosh Freezing RegulatingSomething CollectingMoney ContinuingInAcceptance Creation EventRelativistic MusicalOverture Surveying ExplosionOfAnExplosiveDevice BeingLeftOver Fantasy HarmfulAccident Affinity ReadinessToEat InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission CausalEvent Sweetening Wow Counterpoint WhackingSound Iteration MovingOutOfaContainer Popping DigestionEvent JudgmentDay BreakingSomething ExposingToView Predicament LayingAnEgg Progression BreakingDown FlatteningSomething FloatingEvent CentrifugalForce ProtectingPassively ConcentratingByEvaporation SettlingaDispute HeeHaw Repelling Boiling EndingAnAgreement LotusPosition WinningaMedal LightPropagationEvent ResistingMotion InternalChange Clattering Deflation Influx Hissing SubEvent Tainting ShapeChange ComputerProgramExecution Chug DeathOfaSpouse Homelessness BaseballInning InfectingEvent-DirectTransmission InternalBodySounds Click Outgrowth EconomicMeltdown Equinox Event CausingSomething TransportationEvent Famine PersonalGain Coinciding AppropriatingProperty GoingWellTogether Glistening Gee NeighingSound Impact ConcentratingMapleSap Engendering InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone Arf ReceivingAnObject PassingThroughOrBySomething Lending BeingBetweenObjects HealthEmergency Kundalini PlayingaSport ReceivingAWave Involving Matching GameScore Mooning BeingWarm ReachingaState Distinctiveness GainingControl ShapingMetal PhysicalTorture AttractiveForce ContaminationEvent InstrumentalMusic TemperatureSituation LosingSomething Glimmer Liveliness CrossingSomething MisleadingEvent Deposition ManagedEconomy Drowsiness Ah-ha DualObjectEvent Boom Vaporization Bluffing PrecedingAnAgent SolsticeTime Utopia MakingaFarewellGesture FashioningSomething JoiningAnOrganization Skirmish WindingUpaSpring HavingRoomForSomething Gloss BaseballStrike AnalyzingSomething MovieShowingAtATheater Ignition FailingToHear Squirming Razing EncouragingEvent PullingOrPushingEvent Differentiation BeingContradictory HomeRun KillingaGameAnimal Continuation ProcessualEntity MarketEconomy Fading Vrooming ConfirmingaFact CausingaPersonToAct Regression EmittingSound RupturingaBloodVessel GoingOnStrike WorldPeace Adjourning StateOfSegregation BiologicalDestructionEvent SplashingSound PullingOrPushingaShip PossibleFutureApocalypse InfectingEvent-BiologicalVectorBorneTransmission FillingEvent Cackle-Laugh Thud PhysicalSituation SpontaneousCombustion FillingWithFluid AffectingSomething SideView Landscape HavingSomethingInCommon Ambushing HoHo Ringing Gesundheit Equilibrium Smogginess WeakeningOfBones Hoot HaHa Peace Ablation Resumption ProcessBoundary CrossingAnOcean Darkness PersonalSuccess AlarmSignal Lockdown PossibleFutureLoss InfectingByInhalation FirstStrike RadioWave Sensitivity Giggle Aura Repetitiveness Antedating Frowning AdequateNutrition MissingaTarget SalientEvent VolumeIncrease GettingWet WreakingSomething Devastation CrossingABorder Retirement CoilLoosening SportsCompetition ShimmeringEvent RelatingToAnotherPerson YumYum ComingLater WondrousThing Background MovingTowardSomething FracturingaBone Numbness Conflagration Trundling Solstice RearView NewDevelopment Weakness Fantasizing Trouble PeriodicEvent EnergizingaPerson HangingFromaCeiling Rush ElatingaPerson Adulterating Circumstance OverwhelmingEmotionally PinchingEvent MewingSound Occasion Debacle Crisis GainingSomething Degrading InfectingByIngestion PrimingaPump WhistlingSound Music TransactingBusiness Diverging Wrinkling PhysicalReaction Umm BaseballTriple NaturalDeath ConvertingSoundIntoElectricalSignals TheDiaspora BaseballEvent Shadow Incorporation-Physical Exceeding Flow Multiplying BiologicalDevelopmentState GettingBetter PopularMusic ConfiguringEvent GroupTransfer CognitiveFactor InitialPhase EndOfheWorld WorrisomeSituation MiddleOfaTimeInterval EnteringOrExitingSomething BlowingSomethingUp StimulatingaFeeling ControlledFire LightEmissionPhenomenon AttributeChangeEvent SequenceOfStates Opportunity Thunder Precondition HurricaneAsEvent SalientBadEvent StayingInaState Misfortune SunLight Ding-Dong Bonging Wilting BecomingSnagged Marxism Widening DeteriorationEvent SlakingaThirst Gale HeatingProcess PleasantEvent FutureWeatherEvent MilitaryEvent EventTrajectory HummingSound KilnFiring Resemblance Denouement ConsciousActivity CreatingMentally Imprisoning FluidFlow-Translation Gravity NonHumanEvent MakingaCrashingSound Thawing InheritingProperty SideEffect LackingAnOccupant EmissionSpectrum ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial AttractingEvent RelativeState CertifyingaQuality GolfScore Coo CausingaColorChange Commonality ElectromagneticSpectrum ReadinessForUse OutdoorActivity LosingFunctionEvent ShelteringAnAnimal Lightheadedness Rattling KnockingSound Oh Climate Omission BeingConflicting ConvertingMechanicalEnergyToElectricity Vibes GrowingSomething EmittingAWave Obesity Clack Nonattendance AirPollution Kinship InstantaneousEvent PeacefulRelations UnknownEvent ProteinFolding MusicalBeat EnvironmentalPollution Thickening TemporaryChangeOfUserRights Intersecting Inspiriting DanglingFromTheHand BeingUnderneathSomething AdaptingOneself Borrowing ImprovementEvent Enlivening BuyingRelatedActivity PersonalCircumstances Synergizing Dilemma Connectedness PossibleFutureDisaster Manifesting Karma ForceTransmissionEvent Arising ShapingHair ReversibleProcess Guffaw PersistingEvent Slump BeingClashing InheritingGenes BeingInaPlace CreditSituation SonarPing ShiningByReflection GalvanizingSomeone DrippingEvent LightningFlash Racket AstronomicalEvent Scenario Chelation PhysicalDestructionEvent Cheers ComplicatedSituation Grimacing ShushSound Interjection Rapport InfectingByContact Smiling ChemicalBonding WavePropagationEvent SpoilingSomething DeathByKilling Brightness KillingaPerson Phenomenon ShuttingDownAnActivity Outbreak InspiringSomeone SqueezingWithTheHand Twisting EvokingaMemory KillingAnAnimal Ouch GoodLuck AskPryingly Runoff SirenSound Silence AudibleSound Movement-TranslationEvent Grinning Emergency Squeaking Voice ApplyingFriction UnilateralGetting Outcome StrongForce ChangeInUserRights PastEvent Whew Dip HavingAnAgreement CeaseFire ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent Repercussion Disparity UnpleasantBodyEvent RetractingAnObject Orphaning Drowning Whoa InfraredSpectrum Culminating AmusementEvent AerialBombardment ObjectDestructionEvent Envisioning PrecipitationFromSolution TransferOut Scowling Capitalism NuclearFission DocumentingaFact RentingaVehicle LoomingInTheDistance Interacting BolsteringUp WildFire Glare Bombing Custody PureTone Mystique InterruptingEvent SwollenState Deviation ProvidingEvidence AnimalSound Brotherhood InformationTransferEvent-Electronic Hush Drying SaddeningaPerson ConveyingInformation ShipwreckEvent Doom DoublingEvent Arson DroppingBombs Neutralizing Justice Oiliness AmazingSomeone Fulfilling MilitaryEngagement Grunt Quack Melting FutureSituation BurningOut BowWow Clang EntertainmentEvent BecomingKnown NaturalDisaster ProvokingAnAction ConvertingEnergyForms BeingContrasting TurningOnaHinge ScheduledEvent Approaching CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent FluidFlowEvent EnergyTransferEvent Lubricating Inconsistency ExceedingSomething Campfire ComputerInstructionExecution LackingHeadHair Imagining HeatProductionProcess CatchingWithHands Rebounding CrashingEvent Relaying Decaying BlameSituation MiniSeries TillingSoil HarmingAnAgent ESP CaptivatingaPerson CandleFlame Feuding Uh-huh MovingAwayFromSomething CoolingProcess Translation-SingleTrajectory InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission AttractingPeople Safety Disaster Connecting Reverting PolarizedLight Recession AlarmingaPerson Gust Extinction PullingEvent Defrosting SurfaceAttributeChange NuclearReaction ElectricalEvent RollingOutSomething

Eventual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eventual

Description

''Eventual'' is a subtype of ''Subsequent''that specifies that the thing (usually an Event or state) modified by the adjective existed or will exist or is expected to exist as the end state of some ongoing Event or series of Events, after other event(s) of the same type. The contrasting start of the prolonged Event or series of Events is indicated by the attribute ''Initial''.

        NOTE that this can refer to past Events when recounting a history of
           something 'his eventual death'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eventual' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) eventual - (expected to follow in the indefinite future
             from causes already operating; 'hope of eventual (or ultimate) rescue';
             'if this trend continues it is not reasonable to expect 
             the eventual collapse of the stock market')

Super-classes Subsequent^c

EvergreenPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvergreenPlant`
Description	A specialization of #$Plant-Woody. Each instance of #$EvergreenPlant is a plant that retains its leaves or needles throughout all the seasons of the year. See also the collection #$DeciduousPlant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evergreen' in WordNet: 1. evergreen, evergreen plant - (a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year)`
Super-classes	Plant-Woody^c
Sub-classes	MagnoliaTree^c Holly^c NutmegTree^c Camellia^c OliveTree^c TeaPlant^c

EvergreenTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvergreenTree`
Description	A ''Tree'' that keeps its leaves in the winter. Contrasts with ''DeciduousTree''.
Super-classes	Tree^c
Sub-classes	HollyTree^c

Everybody^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Everybody

Description

Each ''Everybody'' is some ''GroupOfPeople'' (in some context) that includes all the people specified by some criterion - all with some qualifying attribute, all in some location, all performing some action, etc. If no qualifier is specified, it can mean every human being, but that is rarely the literal usage - when unqualified, it means all or almost all people who are significant in some context. It may simply be used as a metaphorical intensifier: 'Everybody knows that!'

   NOTE: this notion is also represented as the pronoun (''Word'')
      ''everyone''.


     RHW 'everybody' (pronoun):  every person.

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c

Everyday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Everyday

Description

''Everyday'' is a subattribute of ''Routine'' that characterizes Actions or states that occur or persist every day (during some interval of time), or almost every day. For the latter, things that occur every weekday (as working tasks) would be ''Everyday'' in this interpretation.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'every day' in Wordnet:
          1. daily, day-to-day, day-after-day, every day - (occurring or done each day; 
             'a daily record'; 'day-by-day labors of thousands of men and women'- H.S.Truman; 
             'her day-after-day behavior'; 'an every day occurrence')

Super-classes Routine^c
Frequent^c

Everywhere^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Everywhere

Description

'everywhere' literally means 'in all places' and is sometimes used in that sense ('God is everwhere'). But it is usually intended to be interepreted as 'every place (or many places) within some previously or subsequently referenced region, ar with certain specified restriction(s)', as in 'we walked into the room, and there were toys everywhere.' 'Good girls go to heaven; bad girls go everywhere.'

     In this sense it is related to 'every', 'everyone' and 'everything',  which see.

     There is only one sense of 'everywhere' in Random House Webster:
     RHW: in every place or part; in all places.

     Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'everywhere' in WordNet:
       1. (19) everywhere, everyplace, all over - (to or in any or all places;
         'You find fast food stores everywhere'; 'people everywhere are becoming
         aware of the problem'; 'he carried a gun everywhere he went'; 
         'looked all over for a suitable gift'; ('everyplace' is used informally 
         for 'everywhere'))

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Evicting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evicting`
Description	This type is for evicting a ''Resident'' of some property by a legal process. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'evict' in WordNet: 2. evict, force out - (expel from one's property or force to move out by a legal process; 'The landlord evicted the tenants after they had not paid the rent for four months')`
Super-classes	ExpellingaPerson^c
Restrictions	terminatesState^op value Residing^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Resident^c

Evidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evidence`
Description	Evidence is anything (an observation, a PhysicalObject, an argument from a knowledgeable expert) that tends to prove or disprove an Assertion; since it is something that provides knowledge of something other than itself, it is a Sign. This is a heterogeneous category. The common factor in all kinds of ''Evidence'' is that it contains ''EvidentiaryInformation'', primrily information about the occurrence of some ''Event''. NOTE that ''Existence'' is an ''Event'', so ''Evidence'' can be a sign of something existing. This corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'evidence' in RHW: 1. that which tends to prove or disprove something; ground for belief; proof. 2. something that makes plain or clear; an indication or sign: His flushed look was visible evidence of his fever. NOTE: the difference between 'evidence' and 'sign' (sense 1) is difficult to discern, and these are taken as synonyms. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'evidence' and sense 1 of 'sign'; sense 1 of ''Evidence'' is represented as ''EvidentiaryInformation'', the stuff that is contained in ''Evidence'': in WordNet: 2. (24) evidence - (an indication that makes something evident; 'his trembling was evidence of his fear') 3. (7) evidence - ((law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved) WN noun 'sign': 1. (19) sign, mark - (a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened); 'he showed signs of strain'; 'they welcomed the signs of spring')
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c Sign^c (PhysicalObject^c or Event^c or Observation^c)
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ImplyingSomething^c isEvidenceFor^op some (Fact^c or Event^c or Conclusion^c or EventType^c) supportsProposition^op some Proposition^c contains^op value EvidentiaryInformation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Evidentiary^c isUsedInAction^op value Reasoning^c isUsedInAction^op value Inferring^c
Sub-classes	ProbatoryEvidence^c CumulativeEvidence^c Identification^c Harbinger^c Symptom^c AnimalTrack^c PhysicalEvidence^c Indication^c LeadToaSolution^c FalseEvidence^c

Evidentiary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evidentiary

Description

''Evidentiary'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Evidence'' or an act of giving evidence (as in 'evidentiary proceedings').

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and part of sense 2 ('servig as')
                 of 'evidentiary' in Wordnet:
           1. evidentiary - (pertaining to or constituting evidence; 
               'evidentiary technique'; 'an evidentiary fact')
           2. evidential, evidentiary - (serving as or based on evidence;
               'evidential signs of a forced entry'; 'its evidentiary value')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

EvidentiaryInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvidentiaryInformation`
Description	''EvidentiaryInformation'' is 'Information' conveyed by ''Evidence'' which can be an Object or a Communication.. `NOTE that ''EvidentiaryInformation'', like ''Information'' is a 'substance' which may be contained in Objects such as PhysicalObjects or the content of a communication. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evidence' in WordNet: 1. (54) evidence, grounds - (your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; 'the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling')`
Super-classes	Information^c
Sub-classes	PredictiveInformation^c Disproof^c

Evil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evil`
Description	Bad in violating an important moral rule (of actions); habitually violating moral rules (of Agents). NOTE: being evil is considered worse than being merely bad, which could mean merely doing something that inconveniences or causes mild harm to someone. Evil is more intense and always deliberate, and usually causing harm to other people. `The sense of having violated one of God's rules is represented by the subtype 'Sinful'. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'evil' and adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'wicked' in WordNet: WN 'evil': 1. (9) evil - (morally bad or wrong; 'evil purposes'; 'an evil influence'; 'evil deeds') WN 'wicked': 1. (2) wicked - (morally bad in principle or practice) 'a sinful person')`
Super-classes	Vile^c Salient^c Immoral^c Improper^c
Sub-classes	Sinful^c

EvilDeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvilDeed`
Description	An Action by a Person or GroupOfPeople that is, by some criterion, morally Evil - it must be deliberate to qualify. This should be more reprehensible than ''WrongDoing'' but @ToDo - th distinctions have not yet (rev1489) been made. ('Naughtiness' is reserved for children) NOTE that sense 2 does not appear to be necessarily a deliberate act, so this WN sense is not included here: in WordNet: 1. (6) evil, immorality, wickedness, iniquity - (morally objectionable behavior) 2. (4) evil - (that which causes harm or destruction or misfortune; 'the evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones'- Shakespeare) WN noun 'evildoing': 1. transgression, evildoing - (the act of transgressing; the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle; 'the boy was punished for the transgressions of his father')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Wrongdoing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Evil^c isPerformedBy^op value Evildoer^c
Sub-classes	AntisocialAction^c Vice^c FoulPlay^c

Evildoer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evildoer`
Description	An ''Evildoer'' is a ''Wrongdoer'' who has performed an ''EvilDeed'' - worse that just ''Wrongdoing''? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrongdoer' in WordNet: 1. wrongdoer, offender - (a person who transgresses moral or civil law)`
Super-classes	BadGuy^c Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value EvilDeed^c
Sub-classes	TerrorBomber^c Werewolf^c Vampire^c Murderer^c

Evocative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evocative`
Description	''Evocative'' is an attribute of Objects or Events that bring to mind memories, i.e. cause remembering things.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'evocative' in Wordnet: 1. evocative, redolent, remindful, reminiscent - (serving to bring to mind; 'cannot forbear to close on this redolent literary note'- Wilder Hobson; 'a campaign redolent of machine politics')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Vivid^c

EvokingaMemory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvokingaMemory`
Description	''EvokingaMemory'' is a ''Reminding'' that is also an ''ArousingAnEmotion'' Event that causes mental images, sounds, sights, and other remembered perceptions and Feelings to become part of the conscious short-term memory. `NOTE: WN senses of 'evoke' 1 (''ArousingAnEmotion'') and this subtype seem very similar, almost inditinguishable. This type is being repurposed to be specific for evoking a memory, and the term 'elicit' in the parent synset will also be applied here. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 5 of 'evoke' in WordNet: 5. suggest, evoke, paint a picture - (call to mind; 'this remark evoked sadness')`
Super-classes	Reminding^c ArousingAnEmotion^c
Restrictions	causes^op some Remembering^c
Sub-classes	BeingSuggestiveOfSomething^c

Evolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evolution`
Description	This is 'Evolution' as an Event, not as a FunctionalProcess (which is another view of Evolution - see 'DevelopmentProcess'). 'Evolution' is a 'Group' of events, each of which is a change ('BecomingEvent'). This concept captures the notion of a significant change as the end result of a number of smaller changes. For biological 'evolution' use the subtype ''BiologicalEvolution''. NOTE that the type ''BiologicalEvolution'' is an instance of ''AgentType''. Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'evolution' and verb sense 2 of 'evolve' in Wordnet; an 'Evolution' in which the state becomes more advanced, better, or more complicated is the subtype 'Development': in WordNet: 1. (5) development, evolution - (a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); 'the development of his ideas took many years'; 'the evolution of Greek civilization'; 'the slow development of her skill as a writer') 2. evolution, organic evolution, phylogeny, phylogenesis - ((biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms) WN verb 'evolve': 2. (3) evolve - (undergo development or evolution; 'Modern man evolved a long time ago')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c EventGroup^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Evolving^c
Sub-classes	Development^c BiologicalEvolution^c

Evolutionary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evolutionary`
Description	''Evolutionary'' is the attribute Pertaining to any form of ''Evolution'' including ''BiologicalEvolution''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'evolutionary' in Wordnet: 1. (1) evolutionary - (of or relating to or produced by evolution; 'evolutionary biology')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Darwinian^c

EvolutionaryFunction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EvolutionaryFunction

Description

An ''EvolutionaryFunction'' is a ''Function'' (a ''Capability'') of a biological Object (Organ, system, or other part of an organism).

       The ''Function''s of organic objects developed by evolution are
         in most cases represented as the ''PhysiologicalProcess''
         that are enabled by the logical ''Function''s which are
         ''Capability''s.

Super-classes Function^c

Evolving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Evolving`
Description	`No WN adj sense of 'evolving'. This type represents the broadest sense of 'evolving' including ideas and methods and Organisms.`
Super-classes	Developing^c

Ewe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ewe

Description

A female sheep.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'ewe' in WordNet:
         3. ewe - (female sheep)

Super-classes FemaleAnimal^c
Sheep^c

Ex-Husband^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ex-Husband`
Description	An ''Ex-Husband'' is the Role of a Man who was the Husband of a Person but is no longer. The ''Ex-Husband'' may have remarried, but is still the ''''Ex-Husband''. The Person to whom she was married will be specified in the value of the ''Divorce'' pointed to in the restriction ''roleIsAssumedInEvent''. `Where same-sex marriage is allowed, the partner of a 'husband' could be called a 'husband', thus he was not necessarily 'a woman's partner'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ex-husband' in WordNet: 1. (1) ex-husband, ex - (a man who was formerly a certain woman's husband)`
Super-classes	Man^c RoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Divorced^c roleIsAssumedInEvent^op some Divorce^c hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op value Ex-Wife^c

Ex-Wife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ex-Wife`
Description	An ''Ex-Wife'' is the Role of a Woman who was the Wife of a Person but is no longer. The ''Ex-Wife'' may have remarried, but is still the ''''Ex-Wife''. The Person to whom she was married will be specified in the value of the ''Divorce'' pointed to in the restriction ''roleIsAssumedInEvent''. `Where same-sex marriage is allowed, the partner of a 'wife' could be called a 'wife', thus she was not necessarily 'a man's partner'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ex-wife' in WordNet: 1. exwife, ex - (a woman who was formerly a particular man's wife; 'all his exes live in Texas')`
Super-classes	Woman^c RoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op value Ex-Husband^c roleIsAssumedInEvent^op some Divorce^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Divorced^c

Exact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exact`
Description	Conforming closely to the actual state of the world (or context) that is being represented: of images, recordings, and measurements. The binary truth value of assertions is represented by 'YesOrNo'. For instruments that perform exact measurement, use 'Precise'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exact' and senses 1 and 2 of 'accurate' and sense 2 of 'precise' in WordNet; however, (1) truth values are not included in this type; (2) the sense in 'an accurate scale' is not included - that is the separate attribute 'Precise' for instruments; and (3) senses 1 and 2 of 'accurate' in WordNet are difficult to distinguish; sense 2 appears to be intended to represent a closer conformity to fact than sense 1, but no criterion for distinguishing the two is evident - so the sense of 'highly accurate' or 'very precise' is represented by 'HighlyAccurate' in COSMO, and in an interpretation of a text would require some indication of a high degree of accuracy to assign that more specific value to an attribute. WN 'exact': in WordNet: 2. (7) accurate, exact, precise - ((of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct; 'a precise image'; 'a precise measurement') WN 'accurate': 1. (14) accurate - (conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy; 'an accurate reproduction'; 'the accounting was accurate'; 'accurate measurements'; 'an accurate scale') 2. (3) accurate, exact, precise - ((of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct; 'a precise image'; 'a precise measurement')
Super-classes	Good^c Conforming^c
Sub-classes	HighlyAccurate^c

Exacting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exacting

Description

       NOTE: for people who are 'exacting' in making demands, use ''Demanding''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'exacting' in Wordnet:
           3. exigent, exacting - (requiring precise accuracy; 
             'an exacting job'; 'became more exigent over his pronunciation')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Exactly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exactly

Description

''Exactly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify a variety of actions to express that the action was performed in a manner that corresponds precisely to what was intended or needed.

       Includes adverb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'exactly' in Wordnet:
          1. (41) precisely, exactly, just - (indicating exactness or preciseness;
            'he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do'; 
            'it was just as he said--the jewel was gone'; 'it has just enough salt')
          2. (2) precisely, exactly, on the nose, on the dot, on the button -
             (just as it should be; ''Precisely, my lord,' he said')
          3. precisely, incisively, exactly - (in a precise manner; 
            'she always expressed herself precisely')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Exaggerated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exaggerated

Description

''Exaggerated'' is a subtype of ''PartlyTrue'' for assertions that have an element of truth, but are overstated to the point where the literal interpretation is false.

         RHW: 1. unduly or unrealistically magnified: to have an exaggerated opinion of oneself.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exaggerated' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) exaggerated, overdone, overstated -
             (represented as greater than is true or reasonable; 
               'an exaggerated opinion of oneself')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Exaggerating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exaggerating`
Description	''Exaggerating'' is an ''Informing'' in which the information conveyed is exaggerated, For any purpose, such as creating a favorable imoression of the speaker on the listeners (see subtype 'Bragging'') or as an arguing tactic to convince a listener of something that cannot be easily proven `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exaggerate'' in WordNet: 1. (14) overstate, exaggerate, overdraw, hyperbolize, hyerbolise, magnify, amplify - (to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth; 'tended to romanticize and exaggerate this 'gracious Old South' imagery') WN noun 'exaggeration': 3. exaggeration, overstatement, magnification - (making to seem more important than it really is)`
Super-classes	RhetoricalManeuver^c Misinforming^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Exaggeration^c
Sub-classes	Bragging^c FlatteringAction^c

Exaggeration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exaggeration`
Description	An ''Exaggeration'' is ''Misinformation'' that is exaggerated,produced by an ''Exaggerating'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exaggeration' in WordNet: 1. (1) hyperbole, exaggeration - (extravagant exaggeration)`
Super-classes	Misinformation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Exaggerated^c
Sub-classes	Boast^c

Examining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Examining`
Description	Questioning someone carefully or systematically, whether to test that person's knowledge of a subject, or to test a person's skill, or to probe some issue such as guilt for an action. `For examining objects or people for purposes other than testing knowledge, use ''Inspection''. For a medical examination, use ''MedicalExamination''. Corresponds to verb senses 3 and 4 of 'examine' in WordNet; these two senses could not be distinguished. WN 'examine': in WordNet: 3. (7) probe, examine - (question or examine thoroughly and closely) 4. (2) examine - (question closely) WN 'probe': 1. (7) probe, examine - (question or examine thoroughly and closely)`
Super-classes	Asking^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	VoirDireQuestioning^c CrossExamining^c Re-examining^c

ExaminingRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExaminingRoom`
Description	Rooms in a medical facility which are used when the doctor (nurse, etc.) is performing the exam, or doing simple procedures.
Super-classes	Room^c

Example^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Example`
Description	An 'Example' is an instance of some entity type - physical, abstract, object, event, whatever - that serves as a familiar entity that can help a listener or reader of a text to understand the meaning of a type. In Wordnet this is a subtype of 'information' - but in COSMO this is a Role that any instance of any type can play. The hierarchy differs significantly from WordNet's in this case. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'example', sense 3 of 'illustration', sense 2 of 'instance', and sense 4 of 'representative' in WordNet: 1. (63) example, illustration, instance, representative - (an item of information that is representative of a type; 'this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome'; 'there is an example on page 10')
Super-classes	Instance^c
Sub-classes	GoodExample^c Exception^c Specimen^c MiniatureExample^c InstanceCopy^c Precedent^c

ExanimateThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExanimateThing`
Description	An important specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$ExanimateThing is an individual that is typically regarded as truly inanimate, or non-agentive in the sense that it is utterly incapable of any subjective or mental experience.
Super-classes	InanimateThing^c
Sub-classes	ChemicalObject^c ElectricallyChargedObject^c InanimateThing-Natural^c

Excavating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excavating`
Description	''Excavating'' is a type of ''DiggingAHole' of some size larger than a cubic meter, for the purpose of either: (1) obtaining something buried (subtype ''DiscoveringByExcavating'') - as in Prospecting or Archeological exploration. or: (2) moving earth in any quantity in preparation for constructing structure(s). or (3) removing Soil in a mine (''Mining'') These three types are subtypes. `WN noun 'excavation': 1. (2) excavation, digging, dig - (the act of digging; 'there's an interesting excavation going on near Princeton')`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c DiggingInTheGround^c
Restrictions	removes^op value SoilObject^c removes^op value Soil^c
Sub-classes	Mining^c DiscoveringByExcavating^c Dredging^c ExcavatingForConstruction^c

ExcavatingForConstruction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExcavatingForConstruction

Description

''ExcavatingForConstruction'' is a subtype of ''Excavating'' usually to prepare the ground for .constructing structures (including roads and reservoirs and canals) on top of that site, but 'excavating a basement' in an existing structure is included.. . Bulldozers and backhoes, steam shovels and front loaders 'front-end loader'), among other devices, do this. In some cases explosives may be used - e.g. PanamaCanal.

      WN sense 3 is the closest sense, though the gloss does not give
         enogh detail to be sure this applies exactly.
      Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'excavate' (not
      for teeth!!) in WordNet:
        3. excavate - (form by hollowing; 'Carnegie had a lake excavated 
          for Princeton University's rowing team'; 'excavate a cavity')

Super-classes Excavating^c

Excavation-Hole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excavation-Hole`
Description	CYC: The collection of holes or digging made by some agent, typically human beings, for some working purpose. For example, a mine shaft, the cavity resulting from an archeological excavation would be instances of this collection or preferably some of its specialization. `NOTE that this is a PhysicalObject, so a hole dug in the ground, represented by this catgagory, would necessarily include the walls, not just the empty space of the hole. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'excavation' in WordNet: 3. excavation - (a hole in the ground made by excavating)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c CavityWithWalls^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Ground^c
Sub-classes	Moat^c Trench^c ArchaeologicalExcavation^c

Excavator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excavator`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense of 'excavator' in WordNet: 2. power shovel, excavator, digger, shovel - (a machine for excavating)`
Super-classes	SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice^c EarthMovingVehicle^c HumanSizedObject^c SinglePurposeDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Excavating^c
Sub-classes	Dredge^c Backhoe^c

Exceeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exceeding`
Description	Each ''Exceeding'' is an Event (including PersistentStates) in which some entity (of any type) is or becomes greater than (in some sense) than another entity. The terms 'exceed', 'transcend' and 'surpass' are used in many different contexts. Subtype may be needed for more specificity in meaning. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'surpass' in WordNet: 4. exceed, transcend, surpass - (go beyond; 'Their loyalty exceeds their national bonds')`
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	Overshadowing^c ExceedingSomething^c

ExceedingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExceedingSomething`
Description	Each ''ExceedingSomething'' is an Event (including PersistentStates) in which some entity (of any type) is or becomes greater than (in some sense) than another entity. The terms 'exceed', 'transcend' and 'surpass' are used in many different contexts. Subtype may be needed for more specificity in meaning. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'surpass' in WordNet: 4. exceed, transcend, surpass - (go beyond; "Their loyalty exceeds their national bonds")`
Super-classes	Exceeding^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BeingLarger^c
Sub-classes	ExceedingaCapacity^c

ExceedingaCapacity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExceedingaCapacity`
Description	''ExceedingaCapacity'' is an ''ExceedingSomething'' in which the 'something' is the capacity of a Container or ''FlowPath''.
Super-classes	ExceedingSomething^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Overflowing^c

Excellence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excellence`
Description	A higher degree of Goodness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excellence' in WordNet: 1. (2) excellence - (the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree)`
Super-classes	Goodness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Excellent^c
Sub-classes	Magnificence^c

Excellent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excellent`
Description	A higher degree of Goodness than 'VeryGood'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'excellent' in WordNet: 1. (19) excellent, first-class, fantabulous - (of the highest quality; 'made an excellent speech'; 'the school has excellent teachers'; 'a first-class mind') WN WN also referred to as 'great', as in 'a great job'`
Super-classes	VeryGood^c
Sub-classes	Definitive^c Magnificent^c Shining^c Idyllic^c

ExcellentThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExcellentThing`
Description	An ''ExcellentThing'' is any ''Thing'' that is ''Excellent''.
Super-classes	GoodThing^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Excellence^c
Sub-classes	Standout^c

Excelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excelling`
Description	''Excelling'' is a 'DoingSomething'' of any kind that can be evaluated for quality, and doing it much better than the average Person does it, though not necessarily 'perfectly', and thus in the process ''ExhibitingaQuality'' of ''Ecellence''. NOTE: the difference between this and the ''PersistentState'' of ''Excellence'' (being ''Excellent'') is subtle, and this type represents the ''BecomingEvent'' (when something changes) that demonstrates ('exhibits') that a Person has the ''Quality'' of ''Excellence''. This type of relation between Transitive actions and Quaitities is not yet (rev 1695) commonly represented in COSMO. Other examples of ''ExhibitingaQuality' are represented,but not many Qualities have single words characterizing the manner of exhibiting that Quality. WN has no parent type for this synset. - tough to classify relaive to WN synsets. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'excel' in WordNet: 1. (2) excel, stand out, surpass - (distinguish oneself; 'She excelled in math')
Super-classes	MakingSomethingNoticeable^c ExhibitingaQuality^c DoingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op only Person^c showsEvidenceOf^op only Excellence^c

ExceptingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExceptingSomething`
Description	To fail to include or prevent from including something in considering a Group of items. ''ExceptingSomething'' Is a''SkippingOverSomething'' Action (or part of a series of events) where an Agent intentionally does not do something to one of a list of things that the agent does do to others. The Action that is done to other things that its not done to the thing 'skipped' is pointed to by the relation ''hasAttemptedAction''. The Event that did not happen is pointed to by the (inherited)relation 'hasEventNotOccurring'; the thing 'skipped' (object, event, whatever) is pointed to by the ''hasThingSkipped'' relation. 'The price includes everything excepting the shipping charge' NOTE that 'ExceptingSomething' is the action-opposite of 'IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate' @TODo: ???NOTE: this one possible subevent of the action 'Collecting' (which see). Conceptually, it is a necessary subevent, since no act of 'Collecting' is intended to bring everything together, rather just certain types or individuals. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exclude' verb sense 2 of 'except'and verb sense 1 of 'omit' and noun sense 1 of 'exception' in WordNet: 1. (10) exclude, except, leave out, leave off, omit, take out - (prevent from being included or considered or accepted; 'The bad results were excluded from the report'; 'Leave off the top piece') WN Also Corresponds to sense 1 of'omit' in WN - WN however 'leave off the top piece' seems to be a different sense in WN - WN verb 'except' 2. (1) exclude, except, leave out, leave off, omit, take out - (prevent from being included or considered or accepted; 'The bad results were excluded from the report'; 'Leave off the top piece') WN noun 'exception': 1. (18) exception, exclusion, elision - (a deliberate act of omission; 'with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news')
Super-classes	SkippingOverSomething^c
Restrictions	hasTheReverseEffectOf^op value IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c hasThingSkipped^op some owl:Thing^c

Exception^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exception

Description

An ''Exception' is an 'Example' of some entity type that does not conform to some rule - 'the exception that proves the rule'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'exception' and part (not a 'refutation') of sense 1 of
       'counterexample' in WordNet:
      2. (8) exception - (an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization;
         'all her children were brilliant; the only exception was her last child'; 
         'an exception tests the rule')
     WN noun 'counterexample':
       1. counterexample - (refutation by example)

Super-classes Example^c

Excerpt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excerpt`
Description	An ''Excerpt'' is a Physical Text that is part of a larger text. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'excerpt' in WordNet: 1. excerpt, excerption, extract, selection - (a passage selected from a larger work; 'he presented excerpts from William James' philosophical writings')`
Super-classes	Paper-IBO^c Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some Passage^c
Sub-classes	Clipping^c

Excessive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excessive`
Description	''Excessive'' is a subclass of ''LotsOf'' serving as a quantifier that is relative or vague, but indicates that the quantity is so large as to be in some way ''Bad''. `In WN 'too much' is only an adverb. It is used here as an adjective. 'too much information - TMI'. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'excessive' in WordNet: 1. (7) excessive, inordinate, undue, unreasonable - (beyond normal limits; 'excessive charges'; 'a book of inordinate length'; 'his dress stops just short of undue elegance'; 'unreasonable demands')`
Super-classes	LotsOf^c VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Extravagant^c Exorbitant^c Oversensitive^c Overfull^c Egregious^c

ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption`
Description	''ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption'' is a form of 'DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage' which causes some deleterious after effect, short term (e.g. hangover, drunkenness that results in some harmful event) or long-term (e.g. addiction, high blood pressure, bad behavior, or deteriorating health such as liver damage or cancer). `NOTE: bad effects can be listed specifically when desired in the 'mayCause' restriction.`
Super-classes	DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage^c SubstanceAbuse^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c mayCause^op some (AilmentCondition^c or AilmentType^c)

Excessiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excessiveness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excessiveness' in WordNet: 1. excess, excessiveness, inordinateness - (immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits)`
Super-classes	Immoderateness^c
Sub-classes	Superfluity^c

Exchange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exchange`
Description	An Event in which one object (or substance) is replaced by another; this includes substitutions as well as reciprocal exchanges between agents. This is very general, and includes Events which are not change of possession, as well as change of possession. This includes informal exchanges, therefore is not necessarily a subtype of 'transaction' An event in which one part of a device is removed and replaced by another is an instance of Exchange; a trade of one object in return for another is also an Exchange. The switching of one functional part or substance for another is best represented by the subtype ''Substitution''. For change of possession use the subtype ''Transaction'' NOTE: With 'DualObjectEvent'as a parent, (at least one) PairOfObjects exchanged must be specified. Includes verb senses 3, and 4 and noun sense 3, 4, 8, and 9 of 'exchange' in WordNet: WN verb 'exchange' 1. (10) exchange, change, interchange - (give to, and receive from, one another; 'Would you change places with me?'; "We have been exchanging letters for a year") 3. (1) switch over, switch, exchange - (change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence) 4. exchange - (hand over one and receive another, approximately equivalent; 'exchange prisoners'; 'exchange employees between branches of the company') WN noun 'exchange': 3. (3) exchange - (the act of changing one thing for another thing; 'Adam was promised immortality in exchange for his disobedience'; 'there was an exchange of prisoners') 4. (3) exchange - (the act of giving something in return for something received; 'deductible losses on sales or exchanges of property are allowable') 8. exchange, interchange - (reciprocal transfer of equivalent sums of money especially the currencies of different countries; 'he earns his living from the interchange of currency') 9. substitution, exchange, commutation - (the act of putting one thing or person in the place of another: 'he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help')
Super-classes	DualObjectEvent^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Switched^c
Sub-classes	Transaction^c ReplacingaPerson^c ReplacingAir^c Ransoming^c ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother^c Substitution^c RedeemingaVoucher^c TradeOff^c

Exchangeable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exchangeable

Description

''Exchangeable'' (more commonly called 'Convertible') is the attribute of a ''ConvertibleSecurity'' (a type of ''FinancialSecurity'') that can be converted (changed) from one type of security to another of equal value. This exchange may not be reversible.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exchangeable' in Wordnet:
         2. convertible, exchangeable - (capable of being exchanged for
            or replaced by something of equal value; 'convertible securities')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Excising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excising`
Description	''Excising'' is a ''DeletingSomething'' where the 'something' is some part of a text, using physical means such as erasure or writing over the thing to be excised. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'excise' in WordNet: 1. (1) strike, scratch, expunge, excise - (remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line; 'Please strike this remark from the record'; 'scratch that remark')`
Super-classes	DeletingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value TextPart^c

Excited^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excited

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing Excitement, as in 'excited by the prospect of (success, advancement, winning, etc.)'. May include some degree of anticipation of good things to come.

      Corresponds to sense 1 of 'excited'  in  WordNet:
         1. (4) excited - (in an aroused state)

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c

Excitedly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excitedly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'excitedly' in Wordnet: 1. (8) excitedly, with excitement - (in an excited manner; 'she shook his hand excitedly')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Excitement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excitement`
Description	A pleasant Feeling caused by something good happening or the anticipation of something good happening. Cyc: A feeling of arousal that stirs up, moves profoundly, or serves as a challenge to one's power, eliciting the desire to do or perceive something. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Excitement include #$Enthusiasm, #$Celebratory-Emotion, #$Triumph-TheFeeling, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excitement' and sense 1 of 'exhilaration' in WordNet: 1. (9) exhilaration, excitement - (the feeling of lively and cheerful joy; 'he could hardly conceal his excitement when she agreed')
Super-classes	Joy^c
Sub-classes	Enthusiasm^c

Exciting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exciting`
Description	An attribute of events or a piece of information that cause Excitement; the person experiencing the Event or learning the information becomes highly stimulated, not necessarily pleasantly (at the time). `NOTE: this serves as both an Objective and subjective sense of 'exciting' - how a person evaluates something, and what the effects of an Event actually are. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exciting' in WordNet: 1. (12) exciting - (creating or arousing excitement; 'an exciting account of her trip')`
Super-classes	Stimulating^c EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Thrilling^c Glamorous^c

ExcitingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExcitingEvent`
Description	An Event which causes a person to become excited. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'excite' in WordNet: 5. agitate, rouse, turn on, charge, commove, excite, charge up - (cause to be agitated, excited, or roused; 'The speaker charged up the crowd with his inflammatory remarks')`
Super-classes	ArousingAnEmotion^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Exciting^c mayCause^op value Agitation^c hasResult^op value Excitement^c
Sub-classes	Adventure^c

Exclaiming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exclaiming`
Description	Uttering some short ''Exclamation'' as an expression of some emotion that suddenly arises. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exclaim' in Wordnet: 1. (8) exclaim, cry, cry out, outcry, call out, shout - (utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy; ''I won!' he exclaimed'; ''Help!' she cried'; ''I'm here,' the mother shouted when she saw her child looking lost')`
Super-classes	CallingOut^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some Exclamation^c

Exclamation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exclamation`
Description	A suddenly emitted short word or phrase, usually expressing some emotion that occured suddenly and caused the ''Exclamation''. `The WN word 'exclamation' includes both the act of exclaiming and the sounds produced. This type is only for the sounds produced. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'exclamation' in Wordnet: 1. (7) exclamation, exclaiming - (an abrupt excited utterance; 'she gave an exclamation of delight'; 'there was much exclaiming over it')`
Super-classes	Speech^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c
Sub-classes	Ah-ha^c Yay^c mm-hmm^c Ouch^c Whoa^c Gee^c Oops^c VaVaVoom^c Argh^c Heh^c Ho^c Wow^c Hey^c Aah^c Interjection^c Huh^c Hurrah^c Eek^c Pshaw^c Gosh^c Oh^c

Exclusive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exclusive

Description

''Exclusive'' is a property of a ''IntentionalAgent'' who is more intensely ''Selective'', especially with respect to choosing people with whom to perform activities.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exclusive' in Wordnet:
         2. exclusive - (excluding much or all; especially all but
            a particular group or minority; 'exclusive clubs';
            'an exclusive restaurants and shops')

Super-classes Selective^c

ExclusiveNumberRange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExclusiveNumberRange`
Description	A NumberRange in which the lower number of the range is not included in the range, but the upper number is.
Super-classes	NumberRange^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_0.0-0.5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_0.95-1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_0.5-1

ExclusiveOption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExclusiveOption`
Description	An 'ExclusiveOption' is an 'Options' for which the ActionGroup has only one member. This is useful to represent, for example, an Option to buy something at a a fixed price within a certain time period;the understood alternative is not to buy, but is not represented in the Options group.
Super-classes	Action^c Options^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 1^c

Excreting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excreting`
Description	The process in which a living structure excretes useless substances. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excrete' in Wordnet: 1. excrete, egest, eliminate, pass - (eliminate from the body; 'Pass a kidney stone')`
Super-classes	BiologicalProductionEvent^c EmittingStuff^c
Sub-classes	Defecating^c Urinating^c

ExcretionSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExcretionSubstance`
Description	Result of the excretion process. (See 'Excreting')
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c BodySubstance^c
Sub-classes	Urine^c Saliva^c Sweat^c Semen^c Feces^c

ExcruciatingPain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExcruciatingPain`
Description	Pain that is so intense it overwhelms a person, and makes concentration on any action impossible other than an attempt to alleviate the pain, or to bear with it until it passes; an unbearable pain. The pain of childbirth will usually be in this category, and the intentionally inflicted pain of some kinds of torture. See ''PhysicalTorture'' for an intentional act causing this. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torment' in WordNet: 1. (1) torture, torment - (unbearable physical pain)`
Super-classes	SharpPain^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value PhysicalTorture^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unbearable^c

Excuse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excuse

Description

An assertion of some facts that serve to mitigate or deny blame for an act or omission that is otherwise prima facie blameworthy.

      NOTE: an 'excuse' as used here is a mitigating circumstance that does not
        deny the commission of an act, whereas (in its older meaning, not included 
        here) an 'alibi' is a fact that tends to prove that the accused did not in  fact
        commit the blameworthy act.  These have different meanings, and 
        @ToDo r993 should be related but distinguished, perhaps by subtypes.
        Note that the term 'Alibi' itself in COSMO is used to refer to a location 
        ('someplace else', its original Latin meaning, adopted in criminal law).
        In the Wordnet synset, 'alibi' is used essentially synonymously with
        'excuse' rather than denial of the act.

      RHW 'alibi':
         1. Law. the defense by an accused person of having been elsewhere
              at the time an alleged offense was committed.
     2. an excuse, esp. to avoid blame.
         3. a person used as one's excuse: My sick grandmother was my alibi
              for missing school.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excuse' in WordNet.
         1. (10) excuse, alibi, exculpation, self-justification -
             (a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure 
             to keep a promise etc.; 'he kept finding excuses to stay';
             'every day he had a new alibi for not getting a job'; 
             'his transparent self-justification was unacceptable')

Super-classes Assertion^c

Excusing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excusing

Description

Granting pardon for some offense - often quite minor

    Corresponds to sense 1 of 'excuse' in Random House Webster:
      1. to regard or judge with forgiveness or indulgence; pardon or forgive;
       overlook (a fault, error, etc.): Excuse his bad manners.
    Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'excuse' in WordNet:
      1. (2) excuse, pardon - (accept an excuse for; 'Please excuse my dirty hands')

Super-classes SocialOccurrence^c

Excusively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Excusively

Description

''Excusively'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify various words and phrases indicating that the thing modified was the only one in the context..

 NOTE: this is duplicated in 'Adverb' instance ''only-adv''
    Which to use - depends on context.

       Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'exclusively' in WordNet:
         1. (7) entirely, exclusively, solely, alone, only - 
            (without any others being included or involved; 'was entirely to blame';
            'a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children';
            'he works for Mr. Smith exclusively'; 'did it solely for money'; 
            'the burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone';
            'a privilege granted only to him')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Execrable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Execrable`
Description	A lower degree of Goodness than 'VeryBad'; extremely bad, enough to cause ''Abhorring''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'execrable' in Wordnet: 1. deplorable, execrable, miserable, woeful, wretched - (of very poor quality or condition; 'deplorable housing conditions in the inner city'; 'woeful treatment of the accused'; 'woeful errors of judgment') 2. abominable, detestable, execrable, odious - (unequivocally detestable; 'abominable treatment of prisoners'; 'detestable vices'; 'execrable crimes'; 'consequences odious to those you govern'- Edmund Burke)`
Super-classes	Bad^c
Sub-classes	Hateful^c

ExecutingaProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExecutingaProcedure`
Description	Each ''ExecutingaProcedure'' is a Group of ''Action''s prescribed by some ''Procedure''. The execution of a ''Procedure'' (which is a MentalObject) is,among other things, called a ''Process''. These two terms are notdifferentated in Wordnet, but are distinct in COSMO. The term ''Procedure'' is a Specification of steps to take to achieve a goal. A ''FunctionalProcess'' (and subtypes) is used for the actual physical group of Actions that execute the specified steps in the ''Procedure''. The same Wordnet sense can show up in COSMO types that are quite distinct. This is execution of a ''Procedure'' but the ''Procedure'' need not be formal or written, it can be some plan of action formulated ad hoc and carried out by an individual for their own purposes. Includes parts of noun senses 2 and 6 of 'execution' and noun sense 2 of 'performance' and verb sense 2 of 'carrying out' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'carry out' and verb sense 1 of 'perform' and verb sense 3 of 'execute' in WordNet: 2. (2) performance, execution, carrying out, carrying into action - (the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; 'they criticised his performance as mayor'; 'experience generally improves performance') 6. execution, implementation, carrying out - (the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order; 'the agency was created for the implementation of the policy') WN verb 'carry out': 1. (26) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') 2. (16) follow through, follow up, follow out, carry out, implement, put through, go through - (pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue; 'Did he go through with the treatment?'; 'He implemented a new economic plan'; 'She followed up his recommendations with a written proposal') WN verb 'perform': 1. (26) perform, execute, do - (carry out or perform an action; 'John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters'; 'the skater executed a triple pirouette'; 'she did a little dance')
Super-classes	ProcessiveAction^c ActionGroup^c Action^c PerformingSomeAction^c
Restrictions	hadActionPerformed^op value ExecutingaProcedure^c hasComponentElement^op only ProcessStep^c
Sub-classes	KeepingaPromise^c CookingFood^c

Execution-Judicial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Execution-Judicial`
Description	A specialization of (#$KillingFn #$HomoSapiens) and #$Punishing. Each element of #$Execution-Judicial is a judicially sanctioned action of putting a person to death as a punishment for some crime. Thus, it excludes Mafia 'hits' and euthanasia, even if the euthanasia is sanctioned by some part of the judicial system. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'execution' in WordNet: 1. (4) execution, executing, capital punishment, death penalty - (putting a condemned person to death) WN verb 'execute': 1. (2) execute, put to death - (kill as a means of socially sanctioned punishment; 'In some states, criminals are executed')`
Super-classes	KillingaPerson^c PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c Penalizing^c
Sub-classes	Crucifying^c

Executive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Executive`
Description	CYC: A collection of people. An instance of #$Executive is a person who holds an executive managerial positions in some #$Organization. Among the members of #$Executive are top managers of organizations, including corporate officers (#$ChiefExecutiveOfficer, etc.), Chiefs of Staff, Generals, Admirals and others like Chief Corporate Counsel, Managing Partner, Producer, Chief Scientist, Chief Engineer, as well as other upper and upper-middle managers. `In WordNet, 'executive' and 'administrator' are part of one synset, but in COSMO 'executive' is a subtype, and also in WordNet - ambiguity there:. in WordNet: 1. (3) executive, executive director - (a person responsible for the administration of a business)`
Super-classes	Administrator^c Leader^c
Sub-classes	ChiefExecutiveOfficer^c President-CorporateOfficer^c VicePresident-CorporateOfficer^c DeputyDirector^c Director^c

ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization`
Description	This is the collection of executive (law-enforcement, state department, national security) organizations which are part of some #$RegionalGovernment. `The Executive branch is distinguished from legislative and judicial branches of government; this category specifies that an organization is part of the executive branch.`
Super-classes	LegalGovernmentOrganization^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentDepartment^c PostOfficeStaff^c GovernmentAgency^c GovernmentMilitaryOrganization^c DiplomaticMission-ThePost^c

Executor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Executor`
Description	An ''Executor'' is a ''Fiduciary'' who manages and controls some ''EstateOfaPerson'' and arranges distribution of the estate to its Heirs and its other claimants according to the terms in the ''LastWillAndTestament''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'executor' in WordNet: 1. (2) executor - (a person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of the will)`
Super-classes	Fiduciary^c
Restrictions	controls^op some EstateOfaPerson^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value GuardingProperty^c

Exemplary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exemplary`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exemplary' in Wordnet: 1. exemplary, model - (worthy of imitation; 'exemplary behavior'; 'model citizens')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Normative^c

Exempt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exempt

Description

''Exempt'' is an Attribute of ''Person''s who are not obligated by some law or regulation to pay a tax on some object .

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exempt' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) exempt - ((of persons) freed from or not subject to an obligation or liability 
             (as e.g. taxes) to which others or other things are subject;
             'a beauty somehow exempt from the aging process'; 'exempt from jury duty';
             'only the very poorest citizens should be exempt from income taxes')
        WN adj 'unobligated':
           1. unobligated - (not obligated)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ExemptingFromAnObligation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExemptingFromAnObligation`
Description	''ExemptingFromAnObligation'' is an Action the removes some Obligation or Duty for some Action that must be performed or refrained from. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exempt' in WordNet: 1. (1) exempt, relieve, free - (grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to; 'She exempted me from the exam')`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Authority^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Exempt^c hadAgentHelped^op some IntelligentAgent^c

Exemption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exemption`
Description	''Exemption'' is state of not having an Obligation that usually applies to People in that category. This is often an exemption from some legal requirement (e.g. a draft exemption) but can be exemption from any ''Obligation'' imposed by any ''Authority'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exemption' in WordNet: 1. (4) exemption, freedom - (immunity from an obligation or duty)`
Super-classes	Immunity^c
Restrictions	isaFreedomFrom^op value Obligation^c hadBeneficiary^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Amnesty^c ImmunityFromLegalPunishment^c

ExerciseDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExerciseDevice`
Description	A ''ExerciseDevice'' is any Device specifically designed to be used in some ''ExercisingEvent''. A ''Gym'' is filled with such devices,but they can be found almost anywhere including in private homes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exercise device' in WordNet: 1. exercise device - (a device designed to provide exercise for the user)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ExercisingEvent^c

ExerciseProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExerciseProgram`
Description	A specified set of exercises that a person performs, whether for sports training, weight loss, or merely to maintain muscle tone and general physical fitness. A single exercise does not constitute an ExerciseProgram, but one or more exercises performed on a more or less regular basis, at least (in intent) once per week, would be an ExerciseProgram.
Super-classes	DevisedStructuredActivity^c ProgramForPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value ProgrammedExercises^c

ExercisingCommandAndControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExercisingCommandAndControl`
Description	CYC: A collection of complex #$Events in which a commander in the Military Service exercises his authority over subordinates that are assigned to a mission in order to carry out the mission. The #$subEvents of any instance of #$ExercisingCommandAndControl will most likely include making use of any available resources required for the mission (e.g. personnel and equipment) and then planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, or controlling these resources, as well as any units assigned to the mission, in such a way that the mission is successfully carried out. Note that most of this comment is a near paraphrase of the definitions of 'command' (JP 1-02) and 'command and control' (C2) (JP 1-02) from chapter 1 of the Army field manual FM 101-5-1. See http://www-cgsc.army.mil/cdd/F545/F545.htm.
Super-classes	MilitaryEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op only CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit^c
Sub-classes	Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct^c

ExercisingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExercisingEvent`
Description	''ExercisingEvent'' is a physical activity people do to maintain healthy bodily function and increase strength. It can be solitary, such as calisthenics, or done in a group, including casual sports. In the latter case, if any score is kept, it will also be a 'Competition'. This type of exercising is not necessarily done with gym exquipment. That is covered by ''GymnasticExercise"''. Instances of 'Exercise' may or may not be a 'RecreationalActivity', depending on the purpose. Solitary Exercise will not in general be categorized as 'recreational', though casual sports may serve both recreational and Exercise functions. This corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 4 of 'Exercise' in WordNet: WN: noun 1. (26) exercise, exercising, physical exercise, physical exertion, workout - (the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit; 'the doctor recommended regular exercise'; 'he did some exercising'; 'the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit') WN: verb 4. (3) exercise, work out - (do physical exercise; 'She works out in the gym every day')
Super-classes	GymnasticAction^c
Sub-classes	WalkingForExercise^c CardiopulmonaryExercise^c Hiking^c WarmingUp^c WeightLifting^c BodybuildingAction^c ProgrammedExercises^c SquattingExercise^c

ExercisingProcess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExercisingProcess

Description

The Process corresponding to an ExercisingEvent - modified from Cyc.

      Cyc: The collection of events in which humans move
        their bodies for the purpose of general physical
        conditioning and/or strengthening muscles.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exercise' in Wordnet:
           4. (3) exercise, work out - (do physical exercise; 
           'she works out in the gym every day')

Super-classes TakingCareOfSomethingProcess^c

ExertingEffort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExertingEffort`
Description	Each instance of 'ExertingEffort' is an Action in which some animal performs an action that is not very easy. This is a broad concept, so the amount of effort required is not necessarily great or stressful. For the human version use subtype ''HardWork''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'effort' and sense 1 of 'exertion' in WordNet: 2. (176) effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat - (use of physical or mental energy; hard work; 'he got an A for effort'; 'they managed only with great exertion') WN verb 'exert': 3. (1) exert - (make a great effort at a mental or physical task; 'exert oneself')`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c
Sub-classes	WorkingEvent^c Difficulty^c HardWork^c

Exhaling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhaling`
Description	A specialization of #$TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure, #$EmittingAnObject and #$BodilyFunctionEvent. Each instance of #$Exhaling is an event in which a gas is expelled from lungs. Important specializations include #$Sighing and #$BlowingAir. For the more specific type of event of the usually unconscious exhalation that is part of the normal breathing process, see #$Exhaling-BreathingOut. SUMO: Any instance of Breathing where the breath is expelled from the Lungs. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exhale' and noun sense 1 of 'breath' (,as in 'let out a breath') and verb sense of 'breathe' (as in 'breathe on it') and verb sense 1 of 'breathe out'in WordNet: WN verb 'exhale': 1. (2) exhale, expire, breathe out - (expel air; 'Exhale when you lift the weight') WN noun 'breath': 1. (15) breath - (the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; 'he took a deep breath and dived into the pool'; 'he was fighting to his last breath')
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Breath^c isaSubEventOf^op value Breathing^c isaSubEventOf^op value AirRespiration^c
Sub-classes	Coughing^c Snorting^c BlowingAirFromLungs^c EmittingaBadBreath^c Sighing^c Sneezing^c BlowingTheNose^c

Exhausted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhausted

Description

The attribute of being so ''Tired'' that one has dificulty continuing to perform physical or mental effort; The attribute of someone experiencing physical or mental ''Exhaustion''.

       NOTE: 'worn-out' appears in some searches but not others to have two different adjective entries in WN, in both of which it has sense 1.  But in this search it has sense 2.  Odd.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exhausted' in WordNet:
         1. (6) exhausted, dog-tired, fagged, fatigued, played out, spent, washed-out, worn-out, worn out -
            (drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted;
            'the day's shopping left her exhausted'; 'he went to bed dog-tired';
            'was fagged and sweaty'; 'the trembling of his played out limbs';
            'felt completely washed-out'; 'only worn-out horses and cattle'; 'you look worn out')

Super-classes Tired^c

ExhaustingaSupply^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExhaustingaSupply`
Description	'ExhaustingaSupply' is an Action in which an Agent uses up some significant fraction (typically all) of the full amount of some resource available to it for some task. The resource may be renewable over time, but in order for an action to be an instance of this type (rather than just ''ConsumingSomething'') the amount of the resource (objects, substances, time, money) available for that particular task should be limited, and should be sufficiently reduced so as to place constraints on its further availability. The resource may be abstract such as money or physiological energy - for one's physiological energy to be 'ehxausted' one should be unable to do any further action until rested for a while. For money to be exhausted, no more must be available for that particular task or at that particular time. This is the sense that is intended by the used of phrases such as 'used up his savings on a fancy car'; 'exhausted his energy digging a ditch'; 'used up the whole tank of gas driving there and back'; 'exhausted their supply of morphine before half the patients could be treated'. The object of the verb should be completely depleted at the end of the action. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'exhaust', part of sense 1 of 'use up', and sense 4 of 'use' in WordNet; note that some of the WordNet examples for 'exhaust' can be represented by the parent type 'ConsumingSomething', and therefore the WordNet sense appears broader than this more restricted meaning. WN 'exhaust': in WordNet: 2. (3) consume, eat up, use up, eat, deplete, exhaust, run through, wipe out - (use up (resources or materials); 'this car consumes a lot of gas'; 'We exhausted our savings'; 'They run through 20 bottles of wine a week') WN 'use': 4. (12) use, expend - (use up, consume fully; 'The legislature expended its time on school questions') WN verb 'run out': 1. (5) run out - (become used up; be exhausted; 'Our supplies finally ran out') WN noun 'depletion' 1. (2) depletion - (the act of decreasing something markedly)
Super-classes	Depletion^c
Sub-classes	SpendingAllOfaMoneySupply^c

Exhaustion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhaustion`
Description	''Exhaustion'' is an internal Sensation of loss of energy, which causes a strong urge to stop working. This is an intensive form of ''Weariness''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exhaustion' in Wordnet: 1. (2) exhaustion - (extreme fatigue)`
Super-classes	Weariness^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Exhausted^c

Exhibit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhibit`
Description	An ''Exhibit'' is a group of ''DisplayedObjects'' that was made visible for viewing in a ''Exhibition''. `For educational displays use ''DisplayedObjects''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'exhibit' (commercial products shown at an ''Exhibition'') in WordNet: 2. (3) display, exhibit, showing - (something shown to the public; 'the museum had many exhibits of oriental art')`
Super-classes	DisplayedObjects^c
Restrictions	wasExposedInEvent^op value Exhibition^c

ExhibitingAnger^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExhibitingAnger

Description

The attribute of an action or communication that exhibits anger on the part of the actor. ('an angry letter', 'an angry response') For the sense of 'angry' that characterizes people feeling anger, use 'Angry'.

    This corresponds to the part of adjective sense 1 of 'angry' in WordNet
      that characterizes actions or communications, but not to the part
      that characterizes people. ('angry customers' and 'angry at the
      weather' are not included in this sense).
   in WordNet:
      1. (17) angry - (feeling or showing anger; 'angry at the weather';
        'angry customers'; 'an angry silence'; 
        'sending angry letters to the papers')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ExhibitingBitterness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExhibitingBitterness

Description

'ExhibitingBitterness' is an EvaluativeAttribute of events or communications (verbal or text, abstract or physical) that appear to exhibit a 'Bitter' (resentful) or contemptuous attitude on the part of the author, so appearing to at least one IntelligentAgent.

      @ToDo: Sense 3 may need a separate subtype, to cover 'caustic' without attributing
        a 'Bitter' (resentful) attitude to the author.

      This is an attribute of communications or actions or texts; for the feeling of being bitter,
      use 'Bitter'.

      Includes adjective sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'bitter', and sense 2 of 'acerbic'
      and sense 1 of 'caustic' and sense 1 of 'vitriolic'  in WordNet,
      in WordNet:
        1. (12) acrimonious, bitter - (marked by strong resentment or cynicism;
             'an acrimonious dispute'; 'bitter about the divorce')
        3. (6) acerb, acerbic, acid, acrid, bitter, blistering, caustic, sulfurous,
            sulphurous, venomous, virulent, vitriolic - (harsh or corrosive in tone;
            'an acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose'; 'a barrage of acid comments'; 
            'her acrid remarks make her many enemies'; 'bitter words'; 'blistering criticism';
            'caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics'; 
            'a sulfurous denunciation'; 'a vitriolic critique')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

ExhibitingDaring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExhibitingDaring`
Description	ExhibitingDaring is what person does when knowingly performing a RiskyAction. But, depending on the judgment of others, instead of exhibiting 'Daring' such an act may merely exhibit foolhardiness. This type is used to represent judgments of that type; at present (v 0.65) instances are not required to explicitly indicate the person making that judgment - @ToDo - that nuance may be required. `The difference between this and the subtype ''DaringToDoSomething'' is not evident, except for the emphasis.`
Super-classes	ExhibitingaQuality^c
Restrictions	exhibitsQuality^op value Daring^c
Sub-classes	DaringToDoSomething^c

ExhibitingEmotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExhibitingEmotion`
Description	Each 'ExhibitingEmotion' is a Behavior of an individual person that can be interpreted by many other people as evidence of some Feeling or emotional state in the behaving actor. Conspicuous among such 'ExhibitingEmotion' types are Behaviors that exhibit Anger. `NOTE: as a subtype of 'MakingSomethingNoticeable', there is an implied intention that the agent wanted the Behavior to be seen by another agent. So a Behavior performed alone in private that may be evidence of an Emotion would not be an 'ExhibitingEmotion' in this sense.`
Super-classes	MakingSomethingNoticeable^c HumanActivity^c Behavior^c
Restrictions	exhibitsEmotion^op some (Feeling^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	ExhibitingOptimism^c Fit^c

ExhibitingOptimism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExhibitingOptimism`
Description	''ExhibitingOptimism'' is a generic Action performed by some Person or Action that sugests that the Person doing that is ''Optimisic''.
Super-classes	ExhibitingEmotion^c
Restrictions	exhibitsEmotion^op value Optimism^c

ExhibitingaQuality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExhibitingaQuality`
Description	ExhibitingaQuality is an Action performed by a Person which demonstrates that that Person has a certain Quality. This Action may be identical to the action performed, and merely serves to represent one facet of the Action, which may be expressed linguistically. 'He showed courage in fighting . . '; 'she showed her determination by continuing . . '. In representing an instance of this type, it is necessary to explicitly reference the Action performed that exhibits that quality. includes verb sense 1 of exhibit' and verb senses 3 and 4 of 'show' in WordNet: 1. (13) exhibit - (show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill; 'he exhibits a great talent') WN noun 'show': 3. (57) testify, bear witness, prove, evidence, show - (provide evidence for; 'The blood test showed that he was the father'; 'Her behavior testified to her incompetence') 4. (43) show - (make visible or noticeable; 'She showed her talent for cooking'; 'Show me your etchings, please')
Super-classes	Demonstrating^c
Restrictions	exhibitsQuality^op some AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	ExhibitingDaring^c Excelling^c ActExhibitingCharacterTrait^c

Exhibition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhibition`
Description	An ''Exhibition'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which the items displayed are largely (not necessarily exclusively) ''ManufacturedGoods'' that are now or may be in the future available for purchase. For an 'exhibition' that is not mostly commercial merchandise, use ''DisplayingSomething''. The WN noun sense 2 of 'exhibition' suggests that it is the objects displayed, but ths type represents the action of diplaying such goods. The Objects displayed are represented as a ''Display'' or ''Exhibit''. **Can this have a display of actions? 'hadObjectPerceived'?? Includes noun sense 2 of 'exhibition' and part (display for commercial, not personal or educational purposes) of verb sense 1 of 'display' in WordNet: 2. (4) exhibition, exposition, expo - (a collection of things (goods or works of art etc.) for public display) WN verb ' 2. (12) expose, exhibit, display - (to show, make visible or apparent; 'The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month'; 'Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?'; 'National leaders will have to display the highest skills of statesmanship')
Super-classes	DisplayingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectExposed^op value Exhibit^c

Exhibitionism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhibitionism

Description

''Exhibitionism'' is a conspicuous ''OstentatiousDisplay''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exhibitionism' in WordNet:
           1. exhibitionism - (extravagant and conspicuous behavior intended 
              to attract attention to yourself)

Super-classes OstentatiousDisplay^c

Exhibitor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhibitor`
Description	An ''Exhibitor'' is an ''Organization'' or ''Person'' who performs or manages some ''Exhibition'' Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exhibitor' in WordNet: 1. exhibitor, exhibitioner, shower - (someone who organizes an exhibit for others to see)`
Super-classes	Connoisseur^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Exhibition^c

Exhilarating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhilarating

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exhilarating' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) exhilarating, stimulating - (making lively and cheerful;
               'the exhilarating effect of mountain air')
          2. elating, exhilarating - (making lively and joyful)

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

ExhilaratingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExhilaratingEvent`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exhilarate' in WordNet: 1. exhilarate, inebriate, thrill, exalt, beatify - (fill with sublime emotion; tickle pink; 'The children were thrilled at the prospect of going to the movies'; 'He was inebriated by his phenomenal success')`
Super-classes	ElatingaPerson^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Elation^c

Exhilaration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exhilaration`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exhilaration' in WordNet: 1. exhilaration, excitement - (the feeling of lively and cheerful joy; "he could hardly conceal his excitement when she agreed")`
Super-classes	Cheerfulness^c Joy^c

Exigent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exigent

Description

''Exigent'' is an AttributeValue of any thing (such as Situations, assertions, problems, or people) that present issues requiring immediate attention.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exigent' in Wordnet:
      1. clamant, crying, exigent, insistent, instant - (demanding attention; 'clamant needs'; 
         'a crying need'; 'regarded literary questions as exigent and momentous'- H.L.Mencken; 
         'insistent hunger'; 'an instant need')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Exile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exile`
Description	An ''Exile'' is a Person who is a Citizen of an 'Absentee' from some GeopoliticalEntity (usually a Country) because of having been expelled. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'exile' in WordNet: 2. exile, deportee - (expelled from home or country by authority)`
Super-classes	Citizen^c Absentee^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value ExilingSomeone^c

ExilingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExilingSomeone`
Description	''ExilingSomeone'' is a ''Deporting'' of a Citizen of the country from which s/he is deported. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'exile' in WordNet: 1. (1) expatriate, deport, exile - (expel from a country; 'The poet was exiled because he signed a letter protesting the government's actions') WN noun 'exile': 3. exile, deportation, expatriation, transportation - (the act of expelling a person from their native land; 'men in exile dream of hope'; 'his deportation to a penal colony'; 'the expatriation of wealthy farmers'; 'the sentence was one of transportation for life')`
Super-classes	Deporting^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Citizen^c patientAssumesRole^op value Exile^c

Existence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Existence`
Description	'Existence' is a PersistentState in which some entity has some form of existence in some possible world. In this sense, anything that can be described has 'Existence' in the possible world in which it is postulated to exist; the only exceptions are logical contradictions - the things they describe do not exist in any world, though the description of them may exist in some world. NOTE that existence in our 'Real World' is a subtype of this 'RealExistence'. The property of an entity that is in the state of 'RealExistence' is 'Extant'. NOTE: that 'to exist' can also be represented by the relation 'existInContext'. Something that 'existInContext' in the the state of 'Existence'; if the context is the RealWorld, then it is in the state of 'RealExistence'. *db993 - how to formalize this? This corresponds to sense 1 of 'existence' in Random House Webster: 1. the state or fact of existing; being. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'existence' and sense 1 of 'being' and verb sense 1 of 'exist' in WordNet: 1. (51) being, beingness, existence - (the state or fact of existing; 'a point of view gradually coming into being'; 'laws in existence for centuries') WN verb 'exist': 1. (113) exist, be - (have an existence, be extant; 'Is there a God?')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	RealExistence^c Coexistence^c Emptiness^c BeingAbundant^c

ExistenceAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExistenceAttribute`
Description	An ExistenceAttribute is used to specify whether something exists in a particular context. The most important AttributeValue would be 'Extant' meaning that the object with that value exists in the real world at the time the assertion is made..
Super-classes	AttributeType^c

ExistenceValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExistenceValue`
Description	Each subtype of 'ExistenceValue' an ExistenceAttribute that is used to specify whether something exists in a particular context. The most important AttributeValue would be 'Real' (or it subtype 'Extant'), meaning that the object or Event with that AttributeValue exists in the real world, at the time the assertion is made, or at some point in the recorded past. 'Real' can be used with objects or Events, 'Extant' is restricted to Events.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Present-NotAbsent^c Anticipated^c SomeCertain^c Existing^c Latent^c Potential^c Nonexistent^c Pending^c Real^c

Existential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Existential

Description

''Existential'' is an AttributeValue of

   Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'existential' in Wordnet:
       3. existential - (relating to or dealing with existence (especially with human existence))

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Existing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Existing`
Description	'Existing' only means that an entity with this value exists in some context, hypothetical, fictional, real, or otherwise. The mere mention of something can give it this kind of existence. This is here only as an abstraction of 'Extant', the more useful relation for things existing in our 'RealWorld. Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'existing' in Wordnet: 1. (3) existent, existing - (having existence or being or actuality; 'an attempt to refine the existent machinery to make it more efficient'; 'much of the beluga caviar existing in the world is found in the Soviet Union and Iran') 2. (2) existing - (existing in something specified; 'depletion of the oxygen existing in the bloodstream') 3. existing - (presently existing; 'the existing system') WN adj 'actual': 1. (23) actual, existent - (presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible; 'the predicted temperature and the actual temperature were markedly different'; 'actual and imagined conditions')
Super-classes	ExistenceValue^c
Sub-classes	Extant^c Ongoing^c

ExistingStuffType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExistingStuffType`
Description	COSMO note: This Cyc category is not a metaclass, but a class, reinterpreted in COSMO to include certain subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance', that are not subcategorized solely on the basis of composition, or inherent properties depending on composition, but of other attributes, such as state of matter (e.g. SolidSubstance or Gas). One such category is 'CommodityProduct' which treats commercial products sold in quantities (such as potatoes, onions) as 'substances'. Cyc: A collection of collections, and a specialization of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance of #$ExistingStuffType is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). (#$isa STUFFTYPE #$ExistingStuffType) implies both (i) for most instances STUFF of STUFFTYPE, for any proper physical part (see #$physicalParts) PART of STUFF, PART is also an instance of STUFFTYPE and (ii) for all instances STUFF of STUFFTYPE, for most proper physical parts PART of STUFF, PART is also an instance of STUFFTYPE. For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, #$Wood is an instance of #$ExistingStuffType. Other instances of #$ExistingStuffType include the collections #$AppleJuice, #$IceCream, #$Diamond, #$WaxedPaper, and #$StriatedMuscle. See the comment for #$StuffType to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: #$StuffType, #$ObjectType, #$ExistingStuffType, and #$ExistingObjectType.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	BodySubstance^c Wheat-Foodstuff^c Rice-Foodstuff^c CommodityProduct^c SubstanceByState^c Mixture^c DangerousSubstance^c FoodGroup^c WheatFlour^c

ExistingThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExistingThing`
Description	An 'ExistingThing' is anything that exists in some context - in effect, anything that has been mentioned in any form of communication, factual or fictional. This is here primarily to provide a link to relate the relation 'existsInContext' to the states of Existgence..
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent^op value Existence^c existsInContext^op some Context^c hasAttributeValue^op value Existing^c

Exit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exit`
Description	An '''Exit'' is a Portal that is designed or regulated to only allow something to exit (leave) from the object that has the Exit. For the common Portals that allow movement both in and out, use the parent ''Portal'' or its more specific subtypes. This is used mostly for an 'exit' from a structure (closed or open-air,, like a ''ParkingLot'') that has designated 'entrance' and 'exit' ''Portal''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exit' in WordNet: 1. (1) exit, issue, outlet, way out - (an opening that permits escape or release; 'he blocked the way out'; 'the canyon had only one issue')`
Super-classes	Portal^c Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Spout^c

ExitingAContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExitingAContainer`
Description	COSMO note: this 'exiting' is an Action done under the control of the agent (could be an animal) that is exiting the ''CavityOrContainer'' (such as a room or cave or building). Not for pouring contents from a container. `See ''Withdrawing'' for an exiting where one does not pass through a portal, just leave a defined location. Cyc: The collection of events in which an object exits a container. The closest Wordnet sense is verb sense 1 of exit and verb sense 5 of 'leave', but the WordNet sense is broader: in WordNet: 1. exit, go out, get out, leave - (move out of or depart from; 'leave the room'; 'the fugitive has left the country')`
Super-classes	PassingThroughPortal^c LeavingaPlace^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op some Container^c

ExitingOfFluidFromaContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExitingOfFluidFromaContainer`
Description	An ''ExitingOfFluidFromaContainer'' is a ''MovingOutOfaContainer'' in which the something moving out is a ''FluidObject''.
Super-classes	MovingOutOfaContainer^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value FluidObject^c

ExitingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExitingSomething`
Description	A ''LeavingaPlace'' where one can say one has 'exited', even though the place is not a 'ExitingAContainer'', as in ''ExitingAContainer''. To exit a room, a building, a cave use ''ExitingAContainer''. `This more general exiting can be used for leaving a Place or open-air location such as a stadium or Country or Park. ''ExitingaContainer'' is a subtype. 'breaking out of' would be a subtype - a leaving a place of confinement;. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exit' in WordNet: 1. exit, go out, get out, leave - (move out of or depart from; "leave the room"; "the fugitive has left the country")`
Super-classes	LeavingaPlace^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value EnteringSomething^c
Sub-classes	DischargingPassengers^c Withdrawing^c ExitingaCountry^c

ExitingaCountry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExitingaCountry`
Description
Super-classes	CrossingACountryBorder^c ExitingSomething^c

Exodus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exodus`
Description	An ''Exodus'' is the generic flight or migration of some ''LargeGroupOfPeople'' to escape from captivity or an oppressive status similar to captivity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exodus' in WordNet: 1. (1) exodus, hegira, hejira - (a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c EscapingCaptivity^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Resettlement^c isAnAttemptToAvoid^op value DifficultSituation^c isPerformedBy^op value LargeGroupOfPeople^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheExodus

Exorbitant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exorbitant

Description

''Exorbitant'' is a subattribute of ''Excessive'' for quantities of money asked or expended.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exorbitant' in Wordnet:
         1. exorbitant, extortionate, outrageous, steep, unconscionable, usurious -
            (greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation; 'exorbitant rent';
            'extortionate prices'; 'spends an outrageous amount on entertainment'; 
            'usurious interest rate'; 'unconscionable spending')

Super-classes Excessive^c
VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c

Exoskeleton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exoskeleton`
Description	An external supportive covering of an arthropod. `SUMO: The system of Bones that are on the Outside of an organism and make up the supporting structure of many Invertebrates.`
Super-classes	SkeletalSystem^c AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Arthropod^c

Exotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exotic`
Description	''Exotic'' is a vague property of Objects (including People) that are very unusual in appearance or behavior to the point where they create a big impression or sense of wonder. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exotic' in WordNet: 2. exotic - (strikingly strange or unusual; 'an exotic hair style'; 'protons, neutrons, electrons and all their exotic variants'; 'the exotic landscape of a dead planet')`
Super-classes	FrequencyAttributeValue^c Strange^c
Sub-classes	Bizarre^c

Expanded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expanded

Description

''Expanded'' is an attribute of both abstract and concrete things and groups that have increased in some aspect of 'size'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'expanded' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) expanded - (increased in extent or size or bulk or scope)

Super-classes Larger^c

Expanding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expanding`
Description	A ''IncreaseEvent'' in which something increases in some measure of 'size' or 'quantity' or 'scope' or 'rate'. For a PhysicalObject increasing its volume, use subtype ''ExpandingInVolume''. For abstract objects, the increase could be in scope, or area (e.g. of a GeopoliticalEntity) or (for example) increasing the number of pixels in an AbstractImage - not a physical 'size'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'expand' and noun sense 1 of 'expansion' in WordNet: 2. (6) expand - (become larger in size or volume or quantity; 'his business expanded rapidly) 3. (4) expand - (make bigger or wider in size, volume, or quantity; 'expand the house by adding another wing') WN noun 'expansion': 1. (13) expansion, enlargement - (the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope) WN verb 'enlarge': 1. (8) enlarge - (make larger; 'She enlarged the flower beds') 3. (2) enlarge - (become larger or bigger)
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Contraction^c causes^op value EnlargedState^c
Sub-classes	MagnificationEvent^c Elaborating^c ThrivingEvent^c SwellingEvent^c TerritorialExpansion^c Expansion^c EconomicExpansion^c ExpandingInVolume^c

ExpandingInVolume^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpandingInVolume`
Description	An 'Expanding' in which something increases in size by increasing the length of one or more directions so that the volume increases. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'expand' in Wordnet: 1. (15) expand, spread out - (extend in one or more directions; 'The dough expands')`
Super-classes	VolumeIncrease^c Expanding^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value ShrinkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	InflatingAction^c Swelling-Generic^c DeflatingAction^c

Expansion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expansion`
Description	''Expansion' is an ''IncreaseEvent'' in which the ''Information'' in some ''InformationObject'' increases. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'expansion' in WordNet: 3. expansion, expanding upon - (adding information or detail)`
Super-classes	Expanding^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Information^c hadObjectModified^op value InformationObject^c

Expectancy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expectancy`
Description	COSMO note: an Expectation is a Microtheory, but is `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expectancy' in WordNet: 2. (1) anticipation, expectancy - (something expected (as on the basis of a norm); 'each of them had their own anticipations'; 'an indicator of expectancy in development')`
Super-classes	Expectation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Expected^c

Expectant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expectant

Description

''Expectant'' is an attribute of someone who is experiencing an ''ExpectingSomething'' state, with some degree of eagerness to see the expected thing occur.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'expectant' in WordNet:
      1. (3) anticipant, anticipative, expectant - 
           (marked by eager anticipation; 'an expectant hush'')

Super-classes Anticipating^c

Expectation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expectation`
Description	COSMO note: an Expectation is a Microtheory, but is also a weak form of 'Belief'. In COSMO an Expectation is a Belief that is also a Microtheory, concerning some FutureSituation . Cyc: The collection of microtheories whose propositions represent what some #$Agent (or #$Group of #$Agents) believes will be true at some future time. For an expectation that is a 'looking forward' (with pleasure) use the subtype 'anticipation': WN WN @ToDo: unclear how to precisely relate this to the other two senses: WN 3. expectation - (the feeling that something is about to happen) WN This would require a subtype, and in that subtype an axiom WN specifying that the 'FutureSituation' will be in the near future. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expectation' in WordNet: 1. (5) expectation, outlook, prospect - (belief about (or mental picture of) the future)
Super-classes	Belief^c Microtheory^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some FutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	Approximation^c Expectancy^c Suspense^c Guess^c

Expected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expected`
Description	''Expected'' is the attribute of something that is the subject of an ''Expectation'' `Includes the three adjective senses of 'expected' in WordNet: 1. (6) expected - (considered likely or probable to happen or arrive; 'prepared for the expected attack') 2. (1) expected - (looked forward to as probable) 3. expected, likely, potential - (expected to become or be; in prospect; 'potential clients'; 'expected income')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ExpectedValue^c Due^c

ExpectedValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpectedValue`
Description	An ''ExpectedValue'' is an ''AttributeValue'' that is expected to be observed (e.g. measured) for something, due to some 'prediction' (e.g. from theoretical considerations) or from prior experience or observations of similar things. This can be used as the second element of a 'Discrepancy'' that may occur between Observed and expected values.
Super-classes	Expected^c AttributeValue^c

ExpectingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpectingSomething`
Description	'ExpectingSomething' is a weak state of belief (a ''Believing'') about some FutureSituation. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'expect' and sense 1 of 'anticipate' in WordNet: 1. (889) expect, anticipate - (regard something as probable or likely; 'The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow')`
Super-classes	Believing^c
Restrictions	containedExperience^op some Expectation^c hasTopic^op some FutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	Anticipation^c Foreseeing^c

Expectorant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expectorant`
Description	Drugs which are used to help a patient bring up phlegm, by increasing the amount of mucus produced. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expectorant' in WordNet: 1. expectorant, expectorator - (a medicine promoting expectoration)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	induces^op value Spitting^c

Expedient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expedient`
Description	An ''Expedient'' is anything (Action, Method, PhysicalOject) that is ''Useful'' for achieving some desired goal, used when a preferred or more effective Action or Object is not available or feasible. `NOTE: this ''Expedient'' is capable of assisting an Agent, but is not necessarily employed. An ''Expedient'' that is actually used for some purpose is an instance of the subtype ''MakeshiftThing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expedient' in WordNet: 1. expedient - (a means to an end; not necessarily a principled or ethical one)`
Super-classes	UsefulThing^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	MakeshiftThing^c

ExpeditingaProcess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpeditingaProcess

Description

''ExpeditingaProcess'' is a ''RateIncrease'' in the rate at which some PurposefulAction consisting of multiple steps takes place, thus shortening the time required for completion. The expediting can be a result of making some resourcea available, and linguistically it may be said that the resource facilitated the Action,but come agent needs to arrange that the resource is available.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'expedite' in WordNet:
          1. (2) expedite, hasten - (speed up the progress of;
             facilitate; 'This should expedite the process')

Super-classes RateIncrease^c
Facilitating^c

Expedition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expedition`
Description	An ''Expedition'' is a 'LongJourney' involving at least two people that is organized to accomplish some agreed predetermined task - which means not for pleasure or leisure or sightseeing or studying or visiting an acquaintance. Exploration or research are common examples. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'expedition' in WordNet: 3. (3) expedition - (a journey organized for a particular purpose)`
Super-classes	LongJourney^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some Goal^c

ExpeditionaryGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpeditionaryGroup`
Description	An ''ExpeditionaryGroup'' is any GroupOfPeople who have undertaken or are undertaking or plan to undertake an ''Expedition''. A subtype might be an 'exploring party', as with Lewis and Clark's group. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'expedition' in WordNet: 2. (3) expedition - (an organized group of people undertaking a journey for a particular purpose; 'an expedition was sent to explore Mars')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some Expedition^c

ExpellingFromMembership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpellingFromMembership`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Actions in which a member of an #$Organization is expelled from membership in that organization. This collection does not include voluntarily quitting membership. `NOTE;this includes the subtype ''EmployeeLayoff'', but an ''Employee'' is not a 'member' in COSMO, so this cannot be referenced to the COSMO ''Member''.`
Super-classes	OustingFromaPosition^c LeavingAnOrganization^c
Sub-classes	EmployeeLayoff^c

ExpellingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpellingaPerson`
Description	''ExpellingaPerson'' is for the Action of one or more ''Person''s who causes another person to leave some location in which the Agent persons have some authority. Expelling from school, expelling from a public or private building, expelling from a bar or nightclub. This action may but does not have to be performed with physical force. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'expel' and verb sense 7 of 'bounce' in WordNet: 2. (1) expel, eject, chuck out, exclude, throw out, kick out, turf out, boot out, turn out - (put out or expel from a place; 'The child was expelled from the classroom') WN verb 'bounce': 7. bounce - (eject from the premises; 'The ex-boxer's job is to bounce people who want to enter this private club')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c Translation-LocationChange^c ExpellinganAgent^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c) hasObjectMoved^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Deporting^c Evicting^c Banishing^c

ExpellinganAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpellinganAgent`
Description	''ExpellinganAgent'' is the broadest sense of 'expelling' in which one agent acts to remove another agent from some location or Group or ''Position'', against the wishes of the Agent expelled. The Agent expelled is usually a Person, but it could be e.g. a Country being expelled from some International Organization or a Group of unruly people. For booting a person out of a location, use subtype ''ExpellingaPerson''. @ToDo: The logical representation of the fact that the agent expelled did not want the expulsion is represented by the parent 'Compellng''; ??Perhaps a relation: 'patientHasAttribute'?? would be useful? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ejection', verb sense 1 of'expel', in WordNet: 2. ejection, exclusion, expulsion, riddance - (the act of forcing out someone or something; 'the ejection of troublemakers by the police'; 'the child's expulsion from school') WN verb 'expel': 1. (3) expel, throw out, kick out - (force to leave or move out; 'He was expelled from his native country') WN verb 'eject': 1. (2) expel, eject, chuck out, exclude, throw out, kick out, turf out, boot out, turn out - (put out or expel from a place; 'The child was expelled from the classroom')
Super-classes	Compelling^c TransferOut^c Rejecting^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op some (Group^c or GenericLocation^c or Organization^c or GroupType^c or LocationType^c or OrganizationType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c) hadAffectedAgent^op some (Group^c or GenericLocation^c or Organization^c or GroupType^c or LocationType^c or OrganizationType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c) inducedAgentToAction^op value QuittingAction^c
Sub-classes	OustingFromaPosition^c ExpellingaPerson^c

ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice`
Description	An ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice is a Device designed to propel itself, and usually some payload, to perform a function without any expectation that the device will be recoverable after perfroming that function. Weapons such as torpedoes and missiles qualify, as do civilian rockets such as sounding rockets designed to examine conditions in the upper atmosphere.
Super-classes	Device-OneTimeUse^c TransportationDevice-Unmanned^c
Sub-classes	Missile^c Torpedo^c

Expenditure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expenditure`
Description	Each instance of ''Expenditure'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) that was transferred in some ''SpendingMoney'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expenditure' in WordNet: 1. (20) outgo, expenditure, outlay - (money paid out)`
Super-classes	QuantityOfMoney^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op some MoneyMeasure^c wasTransferredInEvent^op some SpendingMoney^c
Sub-classes	Expenses^c CostOfPurchase^c

Expenses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expenses`
Description	''Expenses'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) that was transferred in some ''SpendingMoney'' Action by an Agent who may be able to deduct that sum or may be able to get the Expenses reimbursed.. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'expense' in WordNet: 1. (25) expense, disbursal, disbursement - (amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)) 3. (1) expense - (money spent to perform work and usually reimbursed by an employer; 'he kept a careful record of his expenses at the meeting')`
Super-classes	Expenditure^c
Sub-classes	Overhead^c MedicalExpenses^c

Expensive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expensive`
Description	'Expensive' can describe a price in both relative and absolute terms - all yachts are expensive, and some groceries are expensive only in certain stores, cheaper in other stores. @ToDo: *db995 the sense of 'relatively expensive' (compared to other vendors) should be broken out as a subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'dear' sense 2 of 'costly' in Wordnet: 4. costly, dear, high-priced, pricey, pricy - (having a high price; 'costly jewelry'; 'high-priced merchandise'; 'much too dear for my pocketbook'; 'a pricey restaurant') WN WN WordNet 'expensive' for some reason is not related to 'dear', and WN includes a different notion of 'expensive shop': 1. (14) expensive - (high in price or charging high prices; 'expensive clothes'; 'an expensive shop')
Super-classes	QualitativePriceValue^c
Sub-classes	Overpriced^c Luxurious^c High-end^c Upscale^c

Expensively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expensively

Description

       Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'dearly' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) dearly, dear - (at a great cost; 'he paid dearly for the food'; 'this cost him dear')
      WN adv 'expensively':
         1. expensively - (in an expensive manner; 
            'an expensively dressed little man turned a corner and approached her')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Experience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Experience`
Description	'Experience' is a subtype of 'Learning' consisting of the group or perceptions, impressions, feelings, actions, and knowledge acquired by an animal in some conscious and awake interval of time. This can only apply to conscious animals. The minimum requirement for an 'Experience' Event is that the subject of the experience both perceive and learn. The Event may include other parts or aspects. This is for a single Event that can be considered as 'experienced' by an Agent; for the sense of 'experience' meaning some group of individual Experiences that may be relevant to a particular purpose (as in work experience), or all of a person's background and experience, use 'BackgroundExperiences'. COSMO note: Cyc considers all experience to be learning, which may be problematic for bad experiences. We leave it as Cyc has it, but need to remove' TakingCareOfSomething' from the parents, to allow non-deliberate learning. @ToDO: NOTE also that there may be a useful distinction between experiencing internal states and feelings, and external events, but as of rev993 both of those 'experiences' are included here. Cyc: An Event in which a 'IntentionalAgent' participates in some PhysicalEvent, and through sense impressions learns something. The Learning in an Experience is a result not merely of interpreting the content of a Communication, but from sense impressions or invoked responses other than the sense impressions required to interpret a communication. As a borderline included case, it is possible to say that a person has an 'Experience' in reading a book, because the book evoked emotions; in this case the 'Experience' includes the evoking of the emotions, not merely the interpretation of the content. A person may also have an 'Experience' in a conversation by observig how the others in the conversation react to events in the conversation. An Experience will include a Perceiving event and a Reaction event. From Random House Webster: 'the process or fact of personally observing, encountering, or undergoing something: [e.g.] business experience.' NOTE: in COSMO we classify an 'Experience' as a subtype of 'Action' to indicate that the focus of the subject is an Agent, even though no Events external to the Agent may be caused by the Experience. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'experience', and senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of verb 'experience' in WordNet (except for the examples in WN def 4 for inamimate things); this is for a single Event that can be considered as 'experienced' by an Agent; for the sense of 'experience' meaning some group of individual Experiences that may be relevant to a particular purpose (as in work experience), or all of a person's background and experience, use 'BackgroundExperiences'.: in WordNet: 2. (48) experience - (the content of direct observation or participation in an event; 'he had a religious experience'; 'he recalled the experience vividly') 3. (28) experience - (an event as apprehended; 'a surprising experience'; 'that painful experience certainly got our attention') WN verb 'experience: 1. (22) experience, undergo, see, go through - (go or live through; 'We had many trials to go through'; 'he saw action in Viet Nam') 2. (10) know, experience, live - (have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations; 'I know the feeling!'; 'have you ever known hunger?'; 'I have lived a kind of hell when I was a drug addict'; 'The holocaust survivors have lived a nightmare'; 'I lived through two divorces') 3. (8) experience, receive, have, get, undergo - (go through (mental or physical states or experiences); 'get an idea'; 'experience vertigo'; 'get nauseous'; 'undergo a strange sensation'; 'The chemical undergoes a sudden change'; 'The fluid undergoes shear'; 'receive injuries'; 'have a feeling') 4. (5) feel, experience - (undergo an emotional sensation; 'She felt resentful'; 'He felt regret') WN verb 'see': 3. (141) witness, find, see - (perceive or be contemporaneous with; 'We found Republicans winning the offices'; 'You'll see a lot of cheating in this school'; 'The 1960's saw the rebellion of the younger generation against established traditions'; 'I want to see results')
Super-classes	Perceiving^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Perceiving^c improves^op value Knowledge^c
Sub-classes	Flashing^c BadExperience^c TheseDays^c Living^c BeingDead^c Ordeal^c Adventure^c GoodTime^c Reliving^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatAndDianeTouchingEachOther1986 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatAndDianeLivingTogetherInPlainfield

Experiential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Experiential

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'experiential' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) experiential - (relating to or resulting from experience; 'a personal, experiential reality')
       1. (1) experiential, existential - (derived from experience or the experience of existence;
          'the rich experiential content of the teachings of the older
          philosophers'- Benjamin Farrington; 'formal logicians are not concerned with 
          existential matters'- John Dewey)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Experiment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Experiment`
Description	COSMO note: includes casual brief tests as well as longer carefully designed resesarch projects. An Action or series of Actions in which an Agent performs some physical actions specifically intended to answer a question, by means other than asking another agent or search within existing data. An experiment can be purely observational, as in astronomical investigation, or by controlled manipulation of physical conditions to observe a result. This does not include unsystematic 'experiments': 2. (17) experiment, experimentation - (the testing of an idea; 'it was an experiment in living'; 'not all experimentation is done in laboratories') Cyc: A specialization of #$CheckingWhetherConditionObtains. Each instance of #$Experimenting is an event in which one performs tests to determine whether an hypothesis is true. The tests in question need not be empirical in nature (cf. #$ThoughtExperimenting). For the common case in which the tests in question 'are' empirical, see #$Experimenting-Empirical. SUMO: Investigating the truth of a Proposition by constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either controlled or uncontrolled, blind or not blind. COSMO note: 'Experimenting', generally, does not have to test a hypothesis, though good scientific research does that. 'Experimenting' can be just doing something to see what happens. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'experiment' and non sense 2 of 'experimentation' in Wordnet: 1. (70) experiment, experimentation - (the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation)
Super-classes	Research^c Observing^c Evaluating^c
Sub-classes	ExperimentalTest^c

Experimental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Experimental

Description

''Experimental'' describes things - methods or results - that are asociated with ''Esperiment''s of any type.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'experimental' in WordNet:
          1. (14) experimental - (relating to or based on experiment; 'experimental physics')
          2. (4) experimental, data-based, observational - (relying on observation
              or experiment; 'experimental results that supported the hypothesis')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ExperimentalFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExperimentalFacility`
Description	An ''ExperimentalFacility'' is a ''Facility'' where ''ExperimentalResearch'' is performed. The faility need not have originally been designed for that purpose, and other types of Actions may also be performed there.
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value ExperimentalResearch^c
Sub-classes	ArtificialBiosphere^c

ExperimentalResearch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExperimentalResearch`
Description	Research that involves a systematic study of some phenomenon - including engineering studies testing the performance of man-made devices.
Super-classes	ResearchProject^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Experiment^c
Sub-classes	LaboratoryResearch^c

ExperimentalTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExperimentalTest`
Description	An Experiment in which physical objects are manipulated in a controlled manner to determine the effect of some change in physical conditions on an object of study. ExperimentalTests can occur in the laboratory or in the field. `NOTE that this is a general type of physical experimentation, and can include tests as simple as single analytical tests or as complex as a series of tests in a particle accelerator, with subsequent analysis of thousands of particle tracks.`
Super-classes	TestingEvent^c Experiment^c
Sub-classes	MedicalTesting^c AnalyticalTest^c Bioassay^c BiologicalTest^c

Experimentalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Experimentalist`
Description	An ''Experimentalist'' is any Person who commoly tries innovative ideas in some form of ''ArtActivity''. `No sense of 'experimentalist' in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'experimenter' in WordNet: 2. experimenter - (a person who enjoys testing innovative ideas; 'she was an experimenter in new forms of poetry')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ArtActivity^c

Experimenter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Experimenter`
Description	An ''Experimenter'' is any Person who performs an ''Experiment'', used mostly for those who do multiple scientific experiments as an occupation or hobby. `For those 'experimenting' in the arts, use ''Experimentalist''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'experimenter' in WordNet: 1. (3) experimenter - (a research worker who conducts experiments)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Experiment^c

Expert^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expert`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who have a level of knowledge or expertise beyond that of an amateur, but less than that of 'Master' (similar to chess rating usage). They may or may not have graduated from some educational institution. `For a higher degree of expertise, use 'Master'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expert' in WordNet: 1. (20) expert - (a person with special knowledge or ability who performs skillfully)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op some TopicType^c hasCapability^op value Expertise^c knows^op value SpecializedKnowledge^c
Sub-classes	ComputerGeek^c Jurist^c Connoisseur^c Geographer^c Journalist^c Advisor^c Scriptwriter^c Crackerjack^c Strategist^c Developer^c Acrobat^c Forester^c BroadcastCommentator^c Historian^c Philosopher^c Veteran^c Optometrist^c Specialist^c Therapist^c Psychologist^c Logician^c Marksman^c Economist^c Biologist^c Scientist^c Healer^c Editor^c Master^c Commentator^c Architect^c SkilledWorker^c SocialScientist^c Engineer^c Theologian^c

Expertise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expertise`
Description	''Expertise'' is a high level of 'Skill' such as that possessed by an ''Expert'' in some field, developed by a process (one or more Actions) of 'LearningHowToDoSomething'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expertise' in WordNet: 1. (2) expertness, expertise - (skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge)`
Super-classes	Skill^c
Sub-classes	Mastery^c Virtuosity^c Professionalism^c

ExpirationDate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpirationDate

Description

''ExpirationDate'' is a broad concept including the CalendarDay during which some organism (or cellular part died, or some ArtifactObject ceased to perform its design function adequately, or some ''Permission'' no longer is valid, or on which some Product is specified as no longer guaranteed to be sufficiently fresh for its purpose.

   These  different included meanings can be broken out as subtypes when needed.

      RHW 'expiration date':
        the last date that a product, as food, should be used
        before it is considered spoiled or ineffective, usually specified 
        on the label or package.

Super-classes CalendarDate^c
RelativeTime^c
DeathTime^c

Expired^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expired

Description

''Expired'' is a property of Document or Right that was ''LegallyBinding'' when made or issued, but is no longer ''Valid'' due to the lapse of the time period during which it was scheduled to be ''Valid''.

      *NOTE* that this is a subtype of ;;LegallyBinding;; which only means that it
        was binding and ''Valid'' at the time it was made or issued.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'expired' in WordNet:
            1. expired - (having come to an end or become void after passage of a period of time;
            'an expired passport'; 'caught driving with an expired license')

Super-classes LegallyBinding^c
PastParticiple^c
Invalid^c

Expiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expiring`
Description	An ''Expiring''is a ''StoppingEvent'' in which some Right (or License or Permission or Agreement) is lost or becomes ''Invalid''due to the ending of the time period during which it was scheduled to be ''Valid''. This is a loss of 'validity'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'expire' and to part of noun sense 1 of 'expiration' in WordNet: 1. (3) run out, expire - (lose validity; 'My passports expired last month') WN noun 'expiration': 1. (2) termination, expiration, expiry - (a coming to an end of a contract period; 'the expiry of his driver's license')`
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Expired^c hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value RenewingaPermit^c typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value ExpirationDate^c

Explaining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explaining`
Description	'Explaining' is a communication whose main topic is an Explanation. NOTE that the WN sense 2 of 'explain' seems to include the sense of 'justify' (some action): @ToDo the relation of this to 'justify' needs to be elaborated. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'explanation' and includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'explain' in WN, For the content, see 'Explanation' in WordNet: 3. explanation - (the act of explaining; making something plain or intelligible; 'I heard his explanation of the accident') WN verb 'explain': 1. (114) explain, explicate - (make plain and comprehensible; 'He explained the laws of physics to his students') 2. (12) explain - (define; 'The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean')
Super-classes	Communication^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Explanation^c hasMainTopic^op some Explanation^c
Sub-classes	Tutorial^c Clarifying^c Rationalizing^c

Explanation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explanation`
Description	Explanation may be either the propositional content of an explanatory argument, or the abstract linguistic representation of such an argument. This is not the act of explaining something, which is a Communication. See 'Explaining' for that sense. Cyc: A collection of individual #$PropositionalInformationThings, each of which gives an explanation of something. Note that individual explanations and the things which they explain may be related by using membership in collections created using the Cyc function #$ExplanationFn. SUMO: An Argument where the conclusion is an observed fact and the premises are other facts which collectively imply the conclusion. Note that this is the they hypothetico-deductive model of explanation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'explanation' in WordNet, NOTE that sense 3 is represented as 'Explaining'. IT is unclear how sense 2 differs from these other senses. in WordNet: 1. (29) explanation, account - (a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.; 'the explanation was very simple'; 'I expected a brief account') 2. (8) explanation - (thought that makes something comprehensible) 3. explanation - (the act of explaining; making something plain or intelligible; 'I heard his explanation of the accident')
Super-classes	DeductiveArgument^c AdditionalInformation^c
Sub-classes	Clarification^c CausalExplanation^c RationaleForAction^c

Explanatory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explanatory`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'explanatory' in Wordnet: 1. (1) explanatory - (serving or intended to explain or make clear; 'explanatory notes'; 'an explanatory paragraph')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Explicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explicating`
Description	Explicating'' is a ''DevelopingSomething'' in which the thing developed is some idea (''Thought''), ''Postulate'' or other MentalObject. `This includes verb senses 2 and 7 of 'develop' in Wordnet: 2. (45) evolve, germinate, develop - (work out; 'We have developed a new theory of evolution') 7. (6) explicate, formulate, develop - (elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses; 'Could you develop the ideas in your thesis')`
Super-classes	CreatingMentally^c DevelopingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Postulate^c

Explicit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explicit

Description

''Explicit'' is an attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are stated clearly and with sufficient detail so as to be easy to understand.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'explicit' in Wordnet:
           1. (7) explicit, expressed - (precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable;
              leaving nothing to implication; 'explicit instructions'; 
              'she made her wishes explicit'; 'explicit sexual scenes')

Super-classes Clear^c
Detailed^c

Explicitly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explicitly

Description

''Explicitly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Propositions or Assertions and indicates that the intended meanings of a communication were conveyed without ambiguity and not just implied.

       Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'explicitly' in WordNet:
          1. (1) explicitly - (in an explicit manner; 
             'in his foreword Professor Clark puts it explicitly')
          2. expressly, explicitly - (in an explicit manner;
             'he stated expressly that the needed the money by tomorrow')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

ExploitingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExploitingSomething`
Description	''ExploitingSomething'' is a ''UsingSomething'' for one's own benefit, where the 'something' exploited may have become available recently and is not always available to most people. This type does not itself imply any greed or selfishness on the part of the exploiter, it can be simply taking advantage of an opportunity that arises and may not be evident or available to others.. For 'exploiting' people in a selfish way use subype ''ExploitingaPerson''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exploit' in WordNet: 1. (8) exploit, work - (use or manipulate to one's advantage; 'He exploited the new taxation system'; 'She knows how to work the system'; 'he works his parents for sympathy')
Super-classes	UsingAnOpportunity^c
Restrictions	wasAssistedBy^op some Language^c

ExploitingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExploitingaPerson`
Description	''ExploitingaPerson'' is a ''UsingSomething'' for one's own benefit, where the 'something' used is one or more ''Person''s, especially when performed in some selfish way that may (but does not necessarily) cause adverse effects to other people. NOTE: 'exploiting workers' or other people would be a more specific subtype, as would 'exploiting' natural resources. NOTE2: the subtype 'Colonialism'' is (among other things) an exploitation of a whole society, which includes the people in it. RHW verb 'exploit': 2. to use selfishly for one's own ends: employers who exploit their workers. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'exploit' in WordNet: 2. (3) exploit, tap - (draw from; make good use of; 'we must exploit the resources we are given wisely') WN noun 'exploitation': 2. (2) exploitation, victimization, victimisation, using - (an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly); 'capitalistic exploitation of the working class'; 'paying Blacks less and charging them more is a form of victimization')
Super-classes	UsingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c) wasAssistedBy^op some Language^c
Sub-classes	Colonialism^c

ExplorationSearch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExplorationSearch`
Description	'ExplorationSearch' is a type of ''Searching'' involving going somewhere (a ''Travel-TripEvent'') to find objects that are not observable near the starting location. This includes geographic exploration and exploring deep space as well as archaeological exploration and ''Prospecting'' as subtypes. However, this excludes laboratory or historical or literary research (''Experiment'' or ''Investigation''), and requires travel or digging to reveal previously unknown things. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'explore' (excludes geological and unmanned space exploration) in WordNet: 2. (4) explore - (travel to or penetrate into; 'explore unknown territory in biology')`
Super-classes	Research^c Searching^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Travel-TripEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Exploratory^c
Sub-classes	Dowsing^c ArchaeologicalExploration^c Exploring^c Prospecting^c ScoutingAhead^c

Exploratory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exploratory

Description

''Exploratory'' pertains to ''Exploring'' in various contest,such as ''ExplorationSearch'', ''ArchaeologicalExploration'', and 'exploratory surgery'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exploratory' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) exploratory, explorative - (serving in or intended for exploration or discovery;
             'an exploratory operation'; 'exploratory reconnaissance';
             'digging an exploratory well in the Gulf of Mexico'; 'exploratory talks between diplomats')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Explorer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explorer`
Description	A person who travels to unfamiliar places, on Earth or off of it. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'explorer' in WordNet: 1. (3) explorer, adventurer - (someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose))`
Super-classes	ProfessionalPerson^c Researcher^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value Exploring^c
Sub-classes	Spelunker^c DiscovererOfaPlace^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SirRanulfFiennes

Exploring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exploring`
Description	'Exploring' is a PurposefulAction in which an IntelligentAgent enters and observes some Region that is unknown ('unexplored') or little known to the community that the agent communicates with. As with 'discovering' America, the region 'explored' may be well known to other agents. `Corresponds to part (literal, for new geological areas) of verb sense 2 of 'explore' in WordNet: 2. (4) explore - (travel to or penetrate into; 'explore unknown territory in biology') WN noun 'exploration': 1. (5) exploration, geographic expedition - (to travel for the purpose of discovery)`
Super-classes	ExplorationSearch^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value InformationAboutaPlace^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Exploratory^c
Sub-classes	Spelunking^c Moonwalk^c

Explosion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explosion`
Description	A chemical or nuclear reaction causing a rapid generation of gas at high pressure. The detonation of a bomb or explosion of powder in a bullet casing are examples. The restriction specifies that an Explosion must be complete within one second - chemical explosions usually take milliseconds. Slower reactions are not explosions. The bursting of a container filled with high-pressure gas is not an Explosion in this sense, but is a separate type of Event 'Bursting' usually caused by a 'Explosion'. NOTE that although in Cyc a supernova is a type of 'Explosion', that is not the case in COSMO - the duration of the nuclear phase (neutron burst) is 5-10 seconds, too long to fit into the definition of this type - and the common sense of 'supernova', the visible star, lasts weeks. 'Supernova' will be represented in a different branch of the Event tree. Includes CYC 'detonation' (in CYC, a type of 'explosion' that is propagated by a detonation wave. That could be a subtype, when such specialized distinctions are useful): CYC 'detonation': A specialization of #$Explosion, #$CombustionReaction, and #$WavePropagation. Each instance of #$Detonation is fast high-pressure combustion reaction. A detonation event is a reaction which happens so quickly that the reaction speed exceeds the speed of sound in the reacting material. A detonation reaction is propagated by a supersonic shock wave travelling through the reacting medium. After initiation, the shock wave accelerates quickly until it reaches a maximum speed - the detonation velocity (see #$explosiveVelocity) of the explosive. Cf. #$Deflagration. This is the intransitive sense of the Action of something blowing up - by PurposefulAction or by some accident or natural process. The act of blowing things up intentionally requires this action as a caused event or subvent, and is represented by 'BlowingSomethingUp'. Not every Explosion is part of 'BlowingSomethingUp' because that Action is intentional disruption by means of an ExplosiveDevice, and an 'Explosion' Event may be natural. COSMO note: an Explosion is a subtype of 'Impelling', but an Exploding substance does not necessarily impel anything other than itself. This Cyc-derived relation may need refinement. @ToDo- review impelling. NOTE that this sense does not include the figurative 'explode' in sense 2 from WordNet (an outward movement or noise caused by high pressure without a chemical reaction): 2. (6) explode, burst - (burst outward, usually with noise; 'The champagne bottle exploded') because an 'Explosion' must cause genereation of high-pressure gas, whereas the champagne bottle already has pressured gas in it that is merely released when it bursts or the cork pops. @ToDo we probably need a parent type to include both senses of 'explode', as well as slower explosion-like events such as supernovas. Cyc includes supernovas,but this COSMO type does not. Cyc: A collection of events, and a specialization of #$EnergyConversionProcess and #$DecompositionProcess. Each instance of #$Explosion is an event that involves a chaotic release of energy. It is not exactly controlled, even in the best circumstances, though it may be contained and channelled to do useful work (such as within the cylinders of a car engine, or when a hole is blasted for a backyard swimming pool.). Specializations of this collection include #$Deflagration, #$Detonation, #$NuclearExplosion and #$Supernova. SUMO: Any sudden and massive release of energy that is the product of a chemical reaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'explosion' and the intransitive verb sense 9 of 'explode' in WordNet (however, Molotov cocktails do not actually explode (they burst from impact and spread flammable liquid, and that kind of Event is not included): in WordNet: WN noun 'explosion': 1. (6) explosion, detonation, blowup - (a violent release of energy caused by a chemical or nuclear reaction) WN verb 'explode': 9. detonate, explode, blow up - (burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction;'the bomb detonated at noon'; 'The Molotov cocktail exploded') WN noun 'blast': 4. blast - (an explosion (as of dynamite))
Super-classes	EnergyConversionProcess^c ChemicalDecomposition^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Bursting^c isaCapabilityOf^op value ExplosiveSubstance^c hasMaximumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneSecond^c causes^op value Boom^c produces^op value PressurizedGas^c
Sub-classes	NuclearExplosion^c ExplosionOfAnExplosiveDevice^c

ExplosionOfAnExplosiveDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExplosionOfAnExplosiveDevice`
Description	An ''ExplosionOfAnExplosiveDevice''is an ''Explosion'' of a Device contianing 'conventonal' (not nuclear) explosive material. SuchDevices include bombs,artillery shells, and non-military devices used for mining, demolition, removing tree stumps, or any of many other purposes. `This can be used in a transitive or intransitive sense. Subtypes can be differentiated.`
Super-classes	Explosion^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value ExplosiveDevice^c

Explosive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explosive

Description

This is a 'QualitativeAttributeValue'. In CYC the term 'Explosive' is used in the same sense as 'ExplosiveSubstance' in COSMO.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'explosive' in WordNet:
        1. (3) explosive - (serving to explode or characterized by explosion
          or sudden outburst; 'an explosive device'; 'explosive gas'; 
          'explosive force'; 'explosive violence'; 'an explosive temper')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ExplosiveDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExplosiveDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$SelfPoweredDevice and #$Device-OneTimeUse. Each instance of #$ExplosiveDevice is a device designed to detonate (see #$HighExplosive) or deflagrate (see #$LowExplosive). Explosive devices may be used to make holes that help construct mines or swimming pools or flat areas for roads or house foundations; in the demolition/destruction/removal of buildings, tree stumps, and other sorts of property; in weapons of war or terrorism to harm or kill or deter people; or even as entertainment (e.g., fireworks - see #$PyrotechnicDevice). `SUMO: A Device whose purpose is to explode. Note that ExplosiveDevice is not a subclass of Weapon, since explosives can be used in demolition work and in fireworks displays, for example.`
Super-classes	Device-OneTimeUse^c SelfPoweredDevice^c DangerousTangibleThing^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Explosion^c hasDesignFunction^op value Explosion^c containsSubstance^op value ExplosiveSubstance^c hasCapability^op value Explosion^c
Sub-classes	Warhead^c BazookaShell^c Mine-Weapon^c ArtilleryShell^c Bomb^c Detonator^c NuclearWeapon^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bomb2013

ExplosiveSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExplosiveSubstance`
Description	A specialization of #$DangerousTangibleThing. Each instance of #$ExplosiveMaterial is a chemical substance that under certain circumstances (usually upon the application of heat or shock) will decompose or rearrange very quickly, yielding large amounts of gas and heat. Explosive material can either deflagrate (see #$LowExplosive) or detonate (see #$HighExplosive). `NOTE that not all 'ExplosiveSubstance's are man-made, so they have a 'Capability' of 'Explosion', but that is not necessarily a DesignFunction (which is true of most man-made 'ExplosiveSubstance's). Corresponds to sense 1 of 'explosive' in WordNet: 1. explosive - (a chemical substance that undergoes a rapid chemical change (with the production of gas) on being heated or struck)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c DangerousThing^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Unstable^c hasCapability^op value Explosion^c hasAttributeValue^op value Explosive^c
Sub-classes	Gunpowder^c Nitroglycerine^c Dynamite^c TNT^c

Explosives^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Explosives`
Description	''Explosives'' is a ''SubstanceGroup'' in which each element is some subtype of ''ExplosiveSubstance''. The term 'explosives' can be used as a label for the type ''ExplosiveSubstance'', or, asin this type, to refer to some specific Group of ''ExplosiveSubstance''s that are present or used in some activity.
Super-classes	SubstanceGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ExplosiveSubstance^c

Exponent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exponent

Description

An ''Exponent'' can be any ''MathematicalSymbol'' that can evaluate to a number, used immediately after some other symbol, in a form (often in small characters and raised so as to protrude above the base line of the equation) that signifies that the expression immediately precedig it is to be raised to the power to which the ''Exponent'' evaluates. For simple numberical ''Exponent''s, such as '2' or '3' the Exponent is read as 'squared' or 'to the third power', respectively. For more complex expressons with variables in the position of an Exponent, the manner of reading it can be complex.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'exponent' in WordNet:
          3. exponent, power, index - (a mathematical notation indicating 
            the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself)

Super-classes MathematicalSymbol^c

Exponential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exponential

Description

''Exponential'' is the attribute pertaining to a mathematical ''Exponent''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exponential' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) exponential - (of or involving exponents; 'exponential growth')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Export^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Export`
Description	Each ''Export'' is anything (PhysicalObeject) that was shipped in an ''Exporting'' Event. Intellectual property is not included in 'exporting' or 'export' - information needs to be treated differently. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'export' in WordNet: 1. (1) export, exportation - (commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country)`
Super-classes	ProductObject^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op value Exporting^c

Exporter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exporter`
Description	An ''Exporter'' is any ''IntelligentAgent'' that has shipped some product outside its country of origin. This can be a Person, Corporation, or a Country. `NOTE: this type is broader than the WN gloss 'businessperson' suggests, including companies and countries. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'exporter' in WordNet: 1. (1) exporter - (a businessperson who transports goods abroad (for sale))`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Exporting^c

Exporting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exporting`
Description	Each ''exporting'' is a ''Shipping'' Event in which the thing transported is going to a country other than that in which the Shipping originates - transporting across national borders. This is not necessarily a ''Selling'', as a person or company may export something for that Agents own use, retaining possession. `This has a converse corelated Event ''Importing''. Selling to a foreign agent would be subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'export' in WordNet: 1. (4) export - (sell or transfer abroad; 'we export less than we import and have a negative trade balance')`
Super-classes	Shipping^c CrossingACountryBorder^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op value Importing^c hadTransportedObject^op value ProductObject^c hadThingTransferred^op value ProductObject^c isPerformedBy^op value Exporter^c hasEndingPlace^op value ForeignCountry^c

ExposedFilmSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExposedFilmSheet`
Description	An ''ExposedFilmSheet'' is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' consisting of ''PhotographicFilm''' that has been exposed in a ''ExposingToLight'' and developed to produce an Image. This is not necesarily a 'Photograph'', as it could be an accidental or deliberate exposure to produce a black film or a pattern that does not represent any physical object.
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ExposingToLight^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value PhotographicFilm^c
Sub-classes	MovieFilm^c Photograph^c

ExposingToLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExposingToLight`
Description	''ExposingToLight'' is an ''Irradiating'' in which some PhysicalObject is exposed to ''Light'' of some kind - visible light, ultraviolet light,or infrared light, but not to ionizing radiation. `Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'expose' in WordNet: 7. expose - (expose to light, of photographic film)`
Super-classes	Irradiating^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value Light^c
Sub-classes	TakingaPhotograph^c

ExposingToTheSun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExposingToTheSun`
Description	''ExposingToTheSun'' is the Action of placing an Object outdoors where it will be exposed to sunlight for any purpose.
Super-classes	OutdoorActivity^c ExposureEvent^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value SunLight-Direct^c
Sub-classes	Sunbathing^c DryingInTheSun^c

ExposingToView^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExposingToView`
Description	Any Event whether by an agent or natural forces of some entity to the view of an agent that can perceive it. For example, the weathering of some deposit may expose fossils to view. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'expose' in WordNet; No WordNet sense of 'exposure' seems to exactly match this, but sense 9 of 'exposure' seems to be included: WN verb 'expose': in WordNet: 3. (4) expose, exhibit, display - (to show, make visible or apparent; 'The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month'; 'Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?'; 'National leaders will have to display the highest skills of statesmanship') WN noun 'exposure': 9. exposure - (presentation to view in an open or public manner; 'the exposure of his anger was shocking')
Super-classes	ExposureEvent^c
Sub-classes	Mooning^c Brandishing^c ShowingSomething^c
In domain of	hadObjectExposed^op

Exposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exposition`
Description	An ''Exposition'' is a ''Collection'' (of PhysicalObjects) created and organized for display and maintained in some location (usually a Museum) where some or all of the public can view them. These are typically objects of interest from a historic or artistic or scientific perspective. This includes small collections in one-room ''MuseumBuilding''s as well as the vast collections in large ''MuseumBuilding''s. Each such collection has at least one Person in charge of organizing and or preserving the ''Exposition'', who is called a ''Curator''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expo' in WordNet: 1. exhibition, exposition, expo - (a collection of things (goods or works of art etc.) for public display)`
Super-classes	Collection^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value DisplayingaCollection^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value MuseumBuilding^c

ExposureEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExposureEvent`
Description	COSMO note: this is used in a very general sense, perhaps broader than the CYC sense. Exposure to the weather, exposure to view are included. Also exposure to light (for light-sensitive things). But metaphorical senses (e.g. exposure to ridicule or exposure [making public] of a fact or secret) are not included. For some subtypes see 'ExposureToView' (WN sense 9)and 'ExposureToSubstance'. CYC:An instance of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance of #$ExposureEvent is an #$Event the central focus of which is something's being exposed to something else for some period of time. (The notion of X's being exposed to Y is difficult to define precisely, but very roughly it means that Y has access to, or can reach, X.) A notable specialization is #$ExposureToSubstance. For the action that initiates an #$ExposureEvent, see #$ExposingSomething. Several of the senses of 'exposure' in WordNet are included here. Subtypes can be defined for specific purposes. in WordNet: 1. (6) exposure - (vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain; 'exposure to the weather' or 'they died from exposure';) 2. (3) exposure - (the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience; 'she denounced the exposure of children to pornography') 4. (2) exposure - (aspect re light or wind; 'the studio had a northern exposure') 8. exposure - (the act of exposing film to light) 9. exposure - (presentation to view in an open or public manner; 'the exposure of his anger was shocking')
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	ExposingToTheSun^c Irradiating^c ExposureToSubstance^c ExposingToView^c

ExposureToSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExposureToSubstance`
Description	An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$ExposureEvent. Each instance of #$ExposureToSubstance is an event in which some #$PartiallyTangible is exposed to some other #$PartiallyTangible for some period of time. For cases in which the thing or stuff to which the object is exposed is not (necessarily) an instance of #$PartiallyTangible (e.g. exposure to #$Light), use the more general #$ExposureEvent.
Super-classes	ExposureEvent^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	GramStainTest^c ContaminationEvent^c SmokingFood^c BiologicalIntakeEvent^c SteamingFood^c

ExpressingApproval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpressingApproval`
Description	SUMO; Expressing favor about a physical thing or a state of affairs.. `NOTE: for 'expressing approval' to a project that one can veto (disapprove) see ''Approval-CommunicationAct'' This sense of ''ExpressingApproval'' is for expressing approval by some form of communication, without any accompanying action providing material support or assistance. This includes part of sense 11 of 'render' when used with 'approval' as the direct object. in WordNet: 11. give, render - (bestow; 'give homage'; 'render thanks')`
Super-classes	IBTGeneration^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c CommunicationAct-Single^c ExpressingSomething^c ShowingSupportForSomething^c Rendering^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Approval-Emotion^c
Sub-classes	Congratulating^c Praising^c Authorizing^c Sanctioning^c Adherence^c Cheering^c

ExpressingDisapproval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpressingDisapproval`
Description	A specialization of #$Informing. In each instance of #$Disapproval-CommunicationAct, an #$IntelligentAgent communicates disapproval of something. Instances of #$Disapproval-CommunicationAct are usually accompanied by feelings of #$Disapproval. For situations in which what the agent disapproves of can be expressed in propositional form, see #$disapprovedStatement. It is also worth noting that instances of #$Disapproval-CommunicationAct differ from instances of #$Rejecting-CommunicationAct, in that the former are expressed judgments that a certain action or opinion is inappropriate, morally wrong, etc., while the latter involve the denial of the propositional content of some communication. `Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 4 of 'disapproval' in WordNet: 2. (1) disapproval - (the expression of disapproval) 4. disapproval - (the act of disapproving or condemning)`
Super-classes	InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c CommunicationAct-Single^c Informing^c ExpressingSomething^c IBTGeneration^c
Sub-classes	MockingSomeone^c RecommendingAgainstSomething^c Objecting^c

ExpressingEmotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpressingEmotion`
Description	''ExpressingEmotion'' is to take some visible or audible Action that gives evidence that a Person is experiencing some ''Emotion''. This can happen for anger or annoyance or disappointment or joy.
Super-classes	MakingSomethingNoticeable^c ExpressingSomething^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value EmotionalState^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value EmotionallyExpressive^c expressesMentalState^op value EmotionalState^c showsEvidenceOf^op some (EmotionalState^c or FeelingType^c)
Sub-classes	Embracing^c Lamentation^c Jeering^c VentingAnger^c Booing^c Catcall^c Shrieking^c OutburstOfEmotion^c

ExpressingLinguistically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpressingLinguistically`
Description	'ExpressingLinguistically' is a LinguisticCommunication . that puts into words some thoughts or feelings. This can be written or spoken, as in 'He expressed his objections in a letter to the President.' Corresponds to a supertype of verb sense 2 of 'express' (including written expression) and to noun sense 3 of 'expression' in WordNet: WN 'express' 2. (32) express, verbalize, verbalise, utter, give tongue to - (articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise; 'She expressed her anger'; 'He uttered a curse') WN noun 'expression' 3. (15) expression, verbal expression, verbalism - (the communication (in speech or writing) of your beliefs or opinions; 'expressions of good will'; 'he helped me find verbal expression for my ideas'; 'the idea was immediate but the verbalism took hours') WN verb 'articulate': 2. (1) give voice, formulate, word, phrase, articulate - (put into words or an expression; 'He formulated his concerns to the board of trustees')
Super-classes	ExpressingSomething^c LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	Articulating^c Dramatizing^c

ExpressingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExpressingSomething`
Description	'Expressing' is a Communication in which some thoughts or emotions are conveyed to another person. Each instance of 'ExpressingSomething' must specify the thought (Proposition) or Feeling that is conveyed. `Corresponds to a supertype of verb sense 1 of 'express' in WordNet 1. (60) express, show, evince - (give expression to; 'She showed her disappointment')`
Super-classes	MakingSomethingNoticeable^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (Proposition^c or Feeling^c or FeelingType^c or MentalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ReexpressingSomething^c Apologizing^c ExpressingDisapproval^c ExpressingLinguistically^c DisplayingAction^c ExpressingApproval^c EmphasizingSomething^c ExpressingEmotion^c

Expression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expression`
Description	An ''Expression'' is a ''Phrase'' of one or more words, usually widely known among some Group, used for any of various purposes. One common subtype is a ''Slogan'', used among other purposes for advertising. In general an ''Expression'' is used in a conventional manner by some community of speakers often enough that it carries a conventional meaning, possibly with conventional implications. It can facilitate conveying common ideas. The use among a community is referenced by the relation 'wasCreatedBy' some 'GroupOfPeople'. To become an ''Expression'' requires that it be used by some group of people numbering more than a few, and to be used more than once or twice. But it may not stay current very long. RHW 'locution: 1. a particular form of expression; a word, phrase, expression, or idiom, esp. as used by a particular person, group, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expression' in WordNet: 1. saying, expression, locution - (a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations; 'pardon the expression')
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some GroupOfPeople^c isProducedByEventType^op value UsingAnExpression^c
Sub-classes	Slogan^c Euphemism^c AmbiguousExpression^c Proverb^c TongueTwister^c Dysphemism^c Mantra^c

Expressive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Expressive`
Description	''Expressive'' is the most general sense, meaning 'expressing' anything. There could be more specific subAttributes. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'expressive' in Wordnet: 1. (3) expressive - (characterized by expression; 'a very expressive face')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Emotive^c Glittering^c EmotionallyExpressive^c

Exquisite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exquisite

Description

''Exquisite'' can be an attribute of Objects and Actions.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exquisite' in Wordnet:
         2. exquisite, recherche - (lavishly elegant and refined)

Super-classes Elegant^c
Refined^c

Extant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extant`
Description	Having a value of 'Extant' at some particular time means that the object with that attribute (or some objects of that type) existed in the real world in the past, and still exist(s) at the present time, though some things of that type may well have disappeared by the present; as in 'an extant copy of the manuscript' or 'the species thought to be extinct is still extant'. This means that the entity with the attribute 'Extant' is in the state of 'RealExistence'. NOTE that Events that are existing are termed ''Ongoing''. This relates to 'existing' via the 'property' relation: isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'extant' in WordNet: 1. (1) extant - (still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost; 'extant manuscripts'; 'specimens of graphic art found among extant barbaric folk'- Edward Clodd) WN Includes part of sense 1 of 'real' - the part meaning currently in the RealWorld, at WN the time this property was asserted. 1. (55) real, existent - (being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory; 'real objects'; 'real people; not ghosts'; 'a film based on real life'; 'a real illness'; 'real humility'; 'Life is real! Life is earnest!'- Longfellow)
Super-classes	Existing^c
Sub-classes	Remaining^c

Extended^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extended

Description

''Extended'' is the attribute of an Object that has been lengthened by changing its shape.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'extended' in Wordnet:
           2. (1) extended - (fully extended or stretched forth; 'an extended telescope'; 
             'his extended legs reached almost across the small room'; 'refused to accept the extended hand')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

ExtendingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtendingAnObject`
Description	''ExtendingAnObject'' is a ''Lengthening'' in which an ArtifactObject that does not have a fixed length is modified to make the Length greater. This can be for objects that can be 'folded' and 'unfolded' and for objects such as a Telescope or curring device whose length can be changed to adjust the functionality. A fold-down bed that changes from vertical to horizontal is a borderline example, since the horizontal dimension is increased. `Corresponds to verb sense 11 of 'extend' in WordNet: 11. unfold, stretch, stretch out, extend - (extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length; 'Unfold the newspaper'; 'stretch out that piece of cloth'; 'extend the TV antenna')`
Super-classes	Lengthening^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Extended^c hadObjectModified^op value ArtifactObject^c

ExtendingOutward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtendingOutward`
Description	''ExtendingOutward'' is a ''persistentState'' of a ''SolidObject'' that extends outward from another ''SolidObject'' and may or may not be part of the Object from which it extends. If it is a small part of the main Object it performs the subtype ''Protruding'' Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'extend' in WordNet: 6. (4) extend, poke out, reach out - (reach outward in space; 'The awning extends several feet over the sidewalk')`
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value SolidObject^c hasSubjectOfState^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Protruding^c

ExtendingaBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtendingaBodyPart`
Description	''MakingAGesture'' is a ''VoluntaryBodyMovement'', in which some ''AnimalBodyPart'' (arm, hand, leg, tongue, stinger) is lengthened in some direction (perhaps by rotating). `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'extend' in WordNet: 5. (5) exsert, stretch out, put out, extend, hold out, stretch forth - (thrust or extend out; 'He held out his hand'; 'point a finger'; 'extend a hand'; 'the bee exserted its sting')`
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c StickingSomethingOutward^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op some OrganismPartType^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Outstretched^c

ExtendingaDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtendingaDocument`
Description	''ExtendingaDocument'' is an Action in which an author adds more material of any kind to an AbstractDocument, thereby lengthening it in terms of quantity of text and/or illustrations or tables. When the purpose of extending is to increase the clarity or perspicuity of existing document, the subtype ''Clarifying'' represents that kind of addition. Otherwise the purpose of extending a document can be anything, nd typically is just to complete an exposition of a tale or topic by including material deemed necessary.. `RHW 'expand'to express something more fully or in greater detail (usually fol. by on or upon): to expand on a statement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expand' in WordNet: 6. elaborate, lucubrate, expatiate, exposit, enlarge, flesh out, expand, expound, dilate - (add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing; 'She elaborated on the main ideas in her dissertation')`
Super-classes	CreatingaConceptualWork^c IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c
Restrictions	produced^op some AdditionalInformation^c hadAddedObject^op some AdditionalInformation^c hadObjectModified^op some Information-Content^c

ExtendingaScope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtendingaScope`
Description	''ExtendingaScope'' is an Action in which the 'scope' (metaphorical size) or breadth or applicability of some Rule, principle, or Method is increased either by fiat or by discovery or recognition of previously unrecognized applicability. `For increases in Area of something see 'IncreaseInArea''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'extend', not including 'area' increases) in WordNet: 1. (20) widen, broaden, extend - (extend in scope or range or area; 'The law was extended to all citizens'; 'widen the range of applications'; 'broaden your horizon'; 'Extend your backyard')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeChanged^op value ScopeType^c

ExtendingaTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtendingaTimeInterval`
Description	''ExtendingaTimeInterval'' is an Action in which some ''AvailableTime'' (a ''TimeDuration''measure) is increased. This can be used express the lengthening of a total time available for an Action, or for the remaining time. The latter can be expressed as 'moving back' the ending time. `Corresponds to verb sense 10 of 'extend' in WordNet: 10. (1) prolong, protract, extend, draw out - (lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer; 'We prolonged our stay'; 'She extended her visit by another day'; 'The meeting was drawn out until midnight')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeChanged^op value AvailableTime^c
Sub-classes	SustainingAnActivity^c

Extension^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extension

Description

An ''Extension'' is a TimeInterval added to allow completion of some task that had a deadline for completion.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extension' in WordNet:
          1. (13) extension - (a mutually agreed delay in the date set 
             for the completion of a job or payment of a debt; 'they applied 
             for an extension of the loan')

Super-classes Postponement^c

ExtensionTelephone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtensionTelephone

Description

CYC: A collection of telephones. Each telephone extension can be reached by dialing a normal telephone number and then either entering an instance of PhoneNumberExtension (usually 4 digits) via a touch tone keypad or having the call routed manually by the person who answers the main number.

        Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'extension' in WordNet:
          10. extension, telephone extension, extension phone - 
             (an additional telephone set that is connected to the same telephone line)

Super-classes Telephone^c

Extensive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extensive`
Description	''Extensive'' means 'covering' a wide or broad range of area or abstract things or complexity - not for compact objects but for things dispersed over a large range of space, time, or number. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extensive' in WordNet: 1. (18) extensive, extended - (large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity; 'an extensive Roman settlement in northwest England'; 'extended farm lands'; 'surgeons with extended experience'; 'they suffered extensive damage')`
Super-classes	VeryLarge^c
Sub-classes	In-Depth^c

Extensively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extensively

Description

''Extensively'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the state or action is true or occurs over some wide extent - spatial or temporal or abstract.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'extensively' in WordNet:
         1. (3) extensively - (in a widespread way; 'oxidation ponds 
             are extensively used for sewage treatment in the Midwest')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Extent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extent`
Description	''Extent'' is a broad category of vaguely measurable quantities, including probability and perentage, suggesting a range of measures that are not covered by measures in physical units. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extent' in WordNet: 1. (26) extent - (the point or degree to which something extends; 'the extent of the damage'; 'the full extent of the law'; 'to a certain extent she was right')`
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalExtent^c

Exterior^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exterior

Description

Each 'Exterior' is a PhysicalSpaceRegion that is outside of an Object (to which the location is relative) but may extend to the surface of the Object.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exterior' in WordNet:
    1. (1) outside, exterior - (the region that is outside of something)

Super-classes Part^c
PhysicalSpaceRegion^c

ExteriorDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExteriorDoor`
Description	An ''ExteriorDoor'' is a ''Door'' in a building leading from outside to inside the building (and vice versa). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exterior door' in WordNet: 1. exterior door, outside door - (a doorway that allows entrance to or exit from a building)`
Super-classes	Door^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Outdoors^c
Sub-classes	FrontDoor^c

ExteriorWall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExteriorWall`
Description	A ''ExteriorWall'' is fhe vertical part of a ''Building'' that faces on the outside. It provides part of the support for upper parts of the building and protects the interior from things that are outside.
Super-classes	SheetlikeBarrier^c OuterPhysicalSurface^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c PartOfBuilding^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Exterior^c

External^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#External`
Description	Located on the surface of or outside of some object or Group or Organization, e.g. an ExternalOrgan. This includes the more specific sense of being located on the surface of an Object, which is represented by the subtype 'Superficial'. `NOTE: an object that is External' to one whole object may be Internal to another object, if the first object is wholly contained inside the limits of a second object. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'external' in WordNet: 1. (10) external - (happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; 'the external auditory canal'; 'external pressures')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Outer^c Superficial^c

ExternalAnatomicalPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExternalAnatomicalPart`
Description	$ExternalAnatomicalPart is a specialization of `#$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$ExternalAnatomicalPart is a part of the external anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include #$Earlobe and #$Leaf. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'external body part' in WordNet: 1. external body part - (any body part visible externally)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c OrganismPart^c
Sub-classes	Scale-AnimalBodyPart^c Corolla^c PollenGrain^c HairObject^c Nail-AnimalBodyPart^c Muzzle^c Scrotum^c Breast-BodyPart^c Groin^c Mouth^c Cornea^c Aril^c Tooth^c Bulb-ThePlantPart^c PlantBranch^c Lap^c ExternalOrgan^c Wing^c Earlobe^c Wrist^c Chest-BodyPart^c Trunk-BodyCore^c Knuckle^c Shin^c SeedHusk^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c Lip^c ToothDecay^c Stamen^c Chin^c Cashew-TheSeed^c Feather^c PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c Thigh^c Eyelid^c Waist^c Cheek^c Horn^c Back^c Ankle^c Shoulder^c Stem^c TreeBark^c Anther^c FingerTip^c Beak^c Calyx^c Head^c Fruit^c Jaw^c Palm^c Withers^c HumanHairObject^c Hip^c ExternalOrifice^c Root^c Heel^c PlantStigma^c Belly^c ForeArm^c Gynoecium^c Exoskeleton^c Loins^c Pistil^c Leaf^c Navel^c Neck^c SeaShell^c AlimentaryCanal^c Sepal^c AnimalShell^c Elbow^c PlantStyle^c Armpit^c Skin^c Knee^c Face^c Perineum^c Foreskin^c Tuber^c ClamShell^c

ExternalCombustionEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExternalCombustionEngine`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Engines in which the ignition occurs outside the chamber where heat is converted to mechanical energy.
Super-classes	Engine^c
Sub-classes	SteamEngine^c

ExternalOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExternalOrgan`
Description	COSMO note: the restriction should specify that each instance of ExternalOrgan is located on the surface of some spefici Organism, but the detail of 'SurfacePortion' is not yet (v 0.54) included. @ToDo: should be somevaluesFrom SurfacePortion or some type that is a part of an Organism. `#$ExternalOrgan is a specialization of #$Organ and #$ExternalAnatomicalPart. Each instance of #$ExternalOrgan is an organ that is an external anatomical part; e.g., a nose or eye.`
Super-classes	Organ^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Superficial^c isLocatedAt^op value SurfacePortion^c
Sub-classes	Navel^c MammaryGland^c Nose^c Teat^c Eye^c ExternalSexOrgan^c Ear^c

ExternalOrifice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExternalOrifice`
Description	COSMO note: this sense of 'orifice' includes only external openings in the body. For internal openings use parent type 'BodilyOrifice' `Cyc: Instances of #$BodilyOrifice are animal body parts, such as #$Nostrils, consisting of surface openings that lead into bodily cavities. Corresponds to part of sense 9 of 'opening' and sense 1 of 'orifice' in WordNet: 9. orifice, opening, porta - (an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity; 'the orifice into the aorta from the lower left chamber of the heart')`
Super-classes	BodilyOrifice^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Sub-classes	Nostril^c Mouth^c Anus^c Vulva^c

ExternalReferringThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExternalReferringThing`
Description	'ExternalReferringThing' is an artificial class created to provide a domain type for certain relations without referring to those specific types. This is solely an administrative tactic to improve modularization of the ontology. NOTE that the external thing refered to can be anything at all.
Super-classes	Individual^c
Sub-classes	Rejoicing^c CaringAboutSomething^c Thinking^c Commemorating^c CommemorationEvent^c InformationTransferEvent^c Responsibility^c Believing^c AbstractSymbolicObject^c HeadsUp^c DirectedFeeling^c ConceptualWork^c Warning^c

ExternalSexOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExternalSexOrgan`
Description	CYC: Instances of #$ExternalSexOrgan are external animal body parts which have an important function in sexual copulation. Also called genitalia. `The term 'genitalia' is formally plural but it is aso used in the singular number. This type is formally singular. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genitalia' in WordNet: 1. genitalia, genital organ, genitals, private parts, privates, crotch - (external sex organ)`
Super-classes	ExternalOrgan^c SexOrgan^c
Sub-classes	FemaleExternalGenitalia^c Vulva^c Penis^c LabiaMinora^c Clitoris^c LabiaMajora^c

ExternalSpine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExternalSpine`
Description	A "ExternalSpine'' is a stiff outgrowth on the surface of an animal. `Corresponds to part noun sense 5 of 'spine' (no internal spines, as on a bone) in WordNet: 5. spine - (a sharp rigid animal process or appendage; as a porcupine quill or a ridge on a bone or a ray of a fish fin)`
Super-classes	SpineSpikeOrQuill^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	PorcupineQuill^c

ExternalSurface-WholeThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExternalSurface-WholeThing`
Description	CYC: The collection of all entire outer physical surfaces of tangible objects. Excludes mere patches or portions of the whole surface of an object.
Super-classes	SurfacePortion^c

Externally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Externally

Description

This ''Externally'' is an adverb that asserts that the assertion characterized refers to some aspect of the outside part (the ''ExternalSurface-WholeThing'') of the thing under discussion.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'externally' in WordNet:
        2. outwardly, externally - (with respect to the outside; 'outwardly, the figure is smooth')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Extinct^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extinct

Description

An attribute that specifies that a particular type of organism no longer has any instances in existence.
@ToDo NOTE: This attribute is dependent on the time of assertion (in the 1700's this was not true of the Passenger Pigeon), but the time dependence is not yet (rev1107) formalized.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extinct'  in WordNet:
     1. extinct, nonextant - (no longer in existence; lost or especially having died out 
        leaving no living representatives; 'an extinct species of fish'; 'an extinct royal family';
        'extinct laws and customs')

Super-classes VitalityAttributeValue^c

ExtinctAnimalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtinctAnimalType`
Description	'ExtinctAnimalType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'AnimalType ' that can serve as type for an extinct 'Animal'. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	AnimalType^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extinct^c
Members	WoollyMammoth Mastodon Mammoth Dinosaur

Extinction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extinction`
Description	''Extinction''is an ''Annihilation'' in which some Species of Organism ceases to exist. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'extinction' in WordNet: 4. extinction, extermination - (complete annihilation; 'they think a meteor cause the extinction of the dinosaurs')`
Super-classes	Annihilation^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Extinct^c hadChangedEntity^op some (LifeFormType^c or BiologicalSpecies^c or Species^c)

ExtinguishingaFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtinguishingaFire`
Description	A ''ExtinguishingaFire'' is a ''StoppingEvent'' in which a fire or flame (of any size) is extinguished by some agent (not necessarily a Person - could be wind or rain). Fires range from a ''LightedBirthdayCandle'' to a multi-block building fire. NOTE1: 'blow out' is more specifically represented in subtype ''BlowingOutaBurningObject''. NOTE: 'smother' could be a subtype, being a specific method of extinguishing a fire. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'extinguish' and parts of senses 3 and 5 of 'put out' in WordNet: 2. snuff out, blow out, extinguish, quench - (put out, as of fires, flames, or lights; 'Too big to be extinguished at once, the forest fires at best could be contained'; 'quench the flames'; 'snuff out the candles') WN verb 'put out': 3. (1) smother, put out - (deprive of the oxygen necessary for combustion; 'smother fires') 5. douse, put out - (put out, as of a candle or a light; 'Douse the lights')
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some Combustion^c hadObjectModified^op value BurningObject^c
Sub-classes	BlowingOutaBurningObject^c

Extortion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extortion`
Description	A specialization of #$CoercingAnAgent, #$CriminalAct, and #$HostileSocialAction (qq.v.). In each instance of #$Extortion, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see #$objectExtorted), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of #$Extortion include #$Blackmail and #$ProtectionRacketeering. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'extortion' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'extort' in WordNet: 3. extortion - (the felonious act of extorting money (as by threats of violence)) WN verb 'extort': 1. extort - (obtain through intimidation) 2. extort, squeeze, rack, gouge, wring - (obtain by coercion or intimidation; 'They extorted money from the executive by threatening to reveal his past to the company boss'; 'They squeezed money from the owner of the business by threatening him')`
Super-classes	HostileSocialAction^c Felony^c Compelling^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Threatening^c
Sub-classes	Blackmail^c

ExtraLargeGarment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtraLargeGarment`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extra large' in WordNet: 1. extra large - (a garment size for a very large person)`
Super-classes	ClothingItem^c

ExtraLargeSize^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtraLargeSize`
Description	No WN or RHW sense for adjective phrase 'extra large'. This attribute is used to characterize garments larger than 'Large' size, and also for some other objects.
Super-classes	Larger^c

Extracting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extracting`
Description	An 'Extracting' is an Action in which some Substance is extracted (removed by some physical or chemical process) from an admixture with other substances. This is to some extent a converse of 'mixing'. This does not include 'extracting' information from an information source such as an InformationObject. The Wordnet synset does not seem to include extraction by a solvent, which may be the most common form of 'extracting'. That sense is included here. the relation 'hadThingAffected'' points to the starting material or object from which the substance or object is separated out. Includes but is broader than verb senses 4 and 5 of 'extract' and noun sense 1 of 'extraction' in WordNet: 4. (1) distill, extract, distil - (extract by the process of distillation; 'distill the essence of this compound') 5. extract - (separate (a metal) from an ore) WN noun 'extraction': 1. (1) extraction - (the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means)
Super-classes	ActionOnSubstance^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Brewing^c Panning^c ExtractingBySteeping^c

ExtractingBySteeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtractingBySteeping`
Description	''ExtractingBySteeping'' is a ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'' in order to extract some substances from the immersed Object. The extracted substance dissolves in the liquid (as in ''MakingTea''), producing a ''Solution'' of the desired extracted material and perhaps of other materials as well. In a ''Infusing'' for extraction (as in making tea), the utimate purpose may be to get and use he extracted substances, or alternatively to remove the extractable substances to improve the solid material in some way. NOTE: the WN synset includes both extracting from and adding materials, to the immersed object. These different purposes are differentiated in COSMO. This ''ExtractingBySteeping'' is to extract materials from the immersed object, while ''infusing'' is to dissolve substances from the immersing liquid (such as salt in ''Pickling''). The infusing meaning is exemplifie Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'infuse' in WordNet: 4. steep, infuse - (let sit in a liquid to extract a flavor or to cleanse; 'steep the blossoms in oil'; 'steep the fruit in alcohol')
Super-classes	Steeping^c Extracting^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Solution^c hadChangedEntity^op some SolidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	MakingTea^c

Extracurricular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extracurricular`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extracurricular' in Wordnet: 1. extracurricular - (outside the regular academic curriculum; 'sports and drama are popular extracurricular activities')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ExtracurricularActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtracurricularActivity`
Description	An ''ExtracurricularActivity'' is a ''SchoolActivity'' that is not part of the a ''CourseOfInstructionPlan''. `Includes sports, drama, band, glee club, chess club and other clubs, among other things. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'extracurricular activity' in WordNet: 1. extracurricular activity - (educational activities not falling within the scope of the regular curriculum)`
Super-classes	SchoolActivity^c
Restrictions	isNotaPartOf^op value CourseOfInstruction^c isNotaPartOf^op value CourseOfInstructionPlan^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extracurricular^c

Extradition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extradition`
Description	''Extradition'' is a ''SurrenderingaPrisoner'' from one governmental Jurisdiction to another, within a Country or internationally. CYC: A specialization of #$TransferOfControl. In an instance of #$Extradition, a person who has been legally accused of wrongdoing is transferred from the custody of one regional government -- state, provincial, or national -- to the custody of another regional government which is deemed to have a superior right to prosecute the alleged criminal, where that right is usually based on a pre-existing treaty or law to which both governments subscribe. The accused is the #$transferredThing in an extradition. The #$from-Generic is the government which originally had the person #$HeldCaptive; the #$to-Generic is the government which gets custody as a result of the extradition. The extradition is performed by some authorized #$Agents of the governments involved (see #$performedByPart). NOTE: 'deport' has to be between counties, perhaps it should be a subtype 'ExtraditionDeportation'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extradition' and verb sense 1 of 'extradite' (narrower in application) in WordNet: 1. extradition - (the surrender of an accused or convicted person by one state or country to another (usually under the provisions of a statute or treaty)) WN verb 'extradite': 1. extradite, deliver, deport - (hand over to the authorities of another country; 'They extradited the fugitive to his native country so he could be tried there')
Super-classes	LegalProceeding^c SurrenderingaPrisoner^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some AccusedCriminal^c

ExtramaritalAffair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtramaritalAffair`
Description	An ''ExtramaritalAffair'' is a ''SexualAffair'' in which one of the parties is married to someone who is not the other party in the affair. One or both of the agents will be a ''Spouse'' with someone other than the other agent in the affair. `There is usually one or more ''Tryst''s involved in each ''ExtramaritalAffair'', but in unusual cases the married Lover in the Tryst may not try to hide it from the Spouse, so it would not be ''Secret'' and therefore not a ''Tryst''. So the relation ''mayHaveSubEvent'' relates this type to a ''Tryst''.`
Super-classes	SexualAffair^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Tryst^c isPerformedBy^op max 2

Extraordinarily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extraordinarily

Description

''Extraordinarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the adjective assertion it modifies is both highly unusual and more intense than most other things with respect to that quality.

      See also adverb (''Word'') ''greatly'' for a related English
         word.
      Also used as synonys for Adverb instances epecially' and ''greatly'


         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'extraordinarily' in WordNet:
           1. (1) inordinately, extraordinarily - (extremely; 'she was inordinately smart';
             'it will be an extraordinarily painful step to negotiate')
        WN adverb 'exceptionally':
          1. (2) exceptionally - (to an exceptional degree; 'it worked exceptionally well')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Extraordinary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extraordinary`
Description	Extraordinary is a property that can be assigned to something that is highly unusual, and in a positive (good) way. For the sense of 'highly unusual' without the implication of being Good use parent 'HighlyUnusual'. Adverb 'extraordinarily' is included as a synonym of adverb instance 'especially'. This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising) Extreme (not surprising, just way out there) Astounding Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extraordinary', and includes senses 2 and 3 of 'great' and sense 1 of 'remarkable' and parts of senses 1 and 2 of 'exceptional in WordNet: 1. (12) extraordinary - (beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable; 'extraordinary authority'; 'an extraordinary achievement'; 'her extraordinary beauty'; 'enjoyed extraordinary popularity'; 'an extraordinary capacity for work'; 'an extraordinary session of the legislature') WN 'singular': 1. (3) remarkable, singular - - (unusual or striking; 'a remarkable sight'; 'such poise is singular in one so young') WN 'great': 2. (39) great, outstanding - (of major significance or importance; 'a great work of art'; 'Einstein was one of the outstanding figures of the 20th centurey') 3. (18) great - (remarkable or out of the ordinary in degree or magnitude or effect; 'a great crisis'; 'had a great stake in the outcome') WN adj 'exceptional': 1. (3) exceeding, exceptional, olympian, prodigious, surpassing - (far beyond what is usual in magnitude or degree; 'a night of exceeding darkness'; 'an exceptional memory'; 'olympian efforts to save the city from bankruptcy'; 'the young Mozart's prodigious talents') 2. (2) especial, exceptional, particular, special - (surpassing what is common or usual or expected; 'he paid especial attention to her'; 'exceptional kindness'; 'a matter of particular and unusual importance'; 'a special occasion'; 'a special reason to confide in her'; 'what's so special about the year 2000?')
Super-classes	HighlyUnusual^c Salient^c Good^c
Sub-classes	Transcendent^c Spectacular^c Magical^c Amazing^c

Extrapolating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extrapolating`
Description	''Extrapolating'' a form of 'Reasoning' that uses observation of data from a series describing the values of some 'depedent variable' that depend on the values of one or more 'independent variables', to predict the values of data at points not within the observed range of the independent variable described in the data on hand. If the independent variable in the data series is ''Time'', then the ''Extrapolating'' will also be a type of ''Predicting''. `NOTE: the WN gloss conflates 'extrapolate' and 'interpolate'. The term 'interpolate' is a method of estimating values that are within the range of the independent variable, and between data points The term 'interpolate' needs a different type. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'extrapolate' in WordNet: 2. (1) interpolate, extrapolate - (estimate the value of)`
Super-classes	Estimating^c Reasoning^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Conclusion^c typicallyFinishes^op some Reasoning^c
Sub-classes	ProjectingaFutureSituation^c

Extraterrestrial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extraterrestrial

Description

''Extraterrestrial'' pertains to anything located in, originating in, or having characteristics like things in ''OuterSpace''

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slave' in WordNet:
     1. (2) extraterrestrial - (originating or located or occurring outside Earth or its atmosphere;
        'is there extraterrestrial life?')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ExtraterrestrialLifeForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ExtraterrestrialLifeForm`
Description	An ''ExtraterrestrialLifeForm'' is a hypothetical LifeForm that lives naturally in some environment in space not on Earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extraterrestrial' in WordNet: 1. extraterrestrial being, extraterrestrial, alien - (a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere)`
Super-classes	LifeForm^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hypothetical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extraterrestrial^c hasTypicalHabitat^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpace^c
Sub-classes	Martian^c

Extravagant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extravagant

Description

''Extravagant'' is a subattribute of ''Excessive'' for quantities of

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extravagant' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) excessive, extravagant, exuberant, overweening -
              (unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings; 'extravagant praise'; 
              'exuberant compliments'; 'overweening ambition'; 'overweening greed')

Super-classes Excessive^c
VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c

Extreme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extreme`
Description	Extreme is an AttributeValue of other attributes - intensive or quantitative ('extreme height') - or of feelings ('extreme anger') or of situations that include intensive components ('extreme risk'); this attribute serves as a Function that returns an Entity of the same type as that modified, but selected to include only the subtypes that are at one end of an intensive attribute spectrum. The less intensive attributeValue would be 'Intense' (and beyond that, 'Mild') The definition of 'Intense' is: 'Intense' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are on the upper level (greater than 0.6 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake, and other things. The WordNet senses 1 and 2 are difficult to distinguish, and are merged in this type. Specific subtypes (such as extreme emotion) may be useful - but are not present in version 0.51. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'extreme' and sense 1 of 'utmost' in WordNet: 1. (15) extreme, utmost, uttermost - (of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity; 'extreme cold'; 'extreme caution'; 'extreme pleasure'; 'utmost contempt'; 'to the utmost degree'; 'in the uttermost distress')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Drastic^c

Extreme-Quantitative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extreme-Quantitative

Description

''Extreme-Quantitative'' is a property that can be assigned to something that is ''Extraordinary'' in some quantitative or objectively measurable way, such as extreme temperature or extreme depth, or extreme danger.

    This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'':
          Unusual
          HighlyUnusual
          Extraordinary
          Amazing ( + Surprising)   Extreme-Quantitative (not surprising, just way out there)
          Astounding

          Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'extreme' in WordNet:
            2. (5) extreme - (far beyond a norm in quantity or amount or degree; 
               to an utmost degree; 'an extreme example'; 'extreme temperatures'; 'extreme danger')

Super-classes Salient^c
HighlyUnusual^c

Extremely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extremely`
Description	''Extremely'' is a more intense adverb than 'Very', an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of intensity much greater than the average or typical. This AdverbialModifier selects from a range of values of the attribute it modifies, that mall subset of values that would apply only to a tiny minority (less than 10 ercebt) of the things the attribute modifies. For a less intensive adverb see ''Very''. NOTE: some of the terms have narrow usages, e.g. 'devilishly clever' This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. These terms may be used variably by different people; in COSMO they form a hierarchy close to a common linguistic usage. The levels of intensity from low to high are: Somewhat Moderately Rather Very Extremely Includes adverb senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'extremely' and sense 1 of 'positively' in WordNet: 1. (1) highly, extremely - (to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect; 'highly successful'; 'He spoke highly of her'; 'does not think highly of his writing'; 'extremely interesting') 2. (6) extremely - (to an extreme degree; 'extremely cold'; 'extremely unpleasant') 3. (1) super, extremely - (to an extreme degree; 'the house was super clean for Mother's visit') 4. exceedingly, passing, extremely - (to an extreme degree or extent; 'his eyesight was exceedingly defective') WN adverb 'positively 1. (5) positively - (extremely; 'it was positively monumental') WN adverb 'madly': 3. madly, insanely, deadly, deucedly, devilishly - ((used as intensives) extremely; 'she was madly in love'; 'deadly dull'; 'deadly earnest'; 'deucedly clever'; 'insanely jealous')
Super-classes	Very^c AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Whopping^c Enormously^c Vastly^c

Extremism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extremism`
Description	''Extremism'' is a ''PoliticalIdeology'' that holds that the only acceptable political policies must adopt the most extreme (highest level) of what the ideologue believes is best, without compromise. This may lead to violence when it is not accepted by those with opposing views. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extremism' in WordNet: 1. extremism - (any political theory favoring immoderate uncompromising policies)`
Super-classes	PoliticalIdeology^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extreme^c

Extrinsic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extrinsic

Description

The opposite of ''intrinsic'' - not intrinsic.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extrinsic' in Wordnet:
         1. extrinsic - (not forming an essential part of a thing or arising or originating
            from the outside; 'extrinsic evidence'; 'an extrinsic feature of the new building';
            'that style is something extrinsic to the subject'; 'looking for extrinsic aid')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Extroverted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extroverted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'extroverted' in Wordnet: 2. extroverted, forthcoming, outgoing - (at ease in talking to others)`
Super-classes	Sociable^c

Extruding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Extruding`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes 'extruding'' ''SolidSubstance's that are ductile enough to pass through a hard enough die. Perhaps the most common 'extruding is in making spaghetti or ground beef, but making wires is alos very common. CYC A collection of events. In each #$Extruding event, the shape of something is changed by forcing it through a die. The #$objectActedOn in an #$Extruding must be in a #$Liquid-StateOfMatter, which also includes plastic/putty-like solids. Unless the die changes shape during the #$Extruding, the output is a generalized cylinder, whose cross-section is the shape of the hole(s) in the die, and whose length is usually much larger than its diameter. Sometimes the output remains in more or less #$Liquid-StateOfMatter, and so quickly loses this shape, such as happens when a soft-ice-cream dispenser extrudes a ribbon of ice cream. See also #$Molding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extruding' in WordNet: 1. (1) extrude, squeeze out - (form or shape by forcing through an opening; 'extrude steel')
Super-classes	ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c FashioningSomething^c
Sub-classes	DrawingIntoaWire^c

Exuberance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exuberance`
Description	ebullient, exuberant, high-spirite Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'exuberance' in WordNet: 1. exuberance - (joyful enthusiasm) 2. exuberance, enthusiasm, ebullience - (overflowing with eager enjoyment or approval)
Super-classes	Enthusiasm^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Exuberant^c

Exuberant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exuberant`
Description	''Exuberant'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of A Person `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exuberant' in Wordnet: 1. (4) ebullient, exuberant, high-spirited - (joyously unrestrained)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling^op value Exuberance^c

Exudate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exudate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exudate' in WordNet: 1. exudate, exudation - (a substance that oozes out from plant pores)`
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	Resin^c Latex^c

Exuding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exuding`
Description	''Exuding'' is a ''Excreting'' that occurs in small quantities within any minute or so. Contrasts with urinating or defecating as ''Excreting'' in larger quantities. The substances exuded are not necessarily waste products, this can be internal. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exude' in WordNet: 1. (1) exude, exudate, transude, ooze out, ooze - (release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities; 'exude sweat through the pores')`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c BiologicalProductionEvent^c
Sub-classes	SecretionEvent^c

Exultant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Exultant

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exultant' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) exultant, exulting, jubilant, prideful, rejoicing, triumphal, triumphant -
              (joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success; 
              'rejoicing crowds filled the streets on VJ Day'; 'a triumphal success'; 
              'a triumphant shout')

Super-classes Joyful^c
Proud^c

Eye^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eye`
Description	A specialization of both #$ExternalOrgan and #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor. Each instance of #$Eye is an organ of sight. `SUMO: The Organ of sight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eye' in WordNet: 1. (264) eye, oculus, optic - (the organ of sight)`
Super-classes	FrontAndBackSidedObject^c ExternalOrgan^c AnimalBodyPart^c ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor^c
Sub-classes	VertebrateEye^c

EyeDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeDisease`
Description	`CYC: 'EyeDisorder'. A disease that affects the ''Eye'' of a mammal. A true malfunction, not just bleary eyes or teariness.`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Sub-classes	Glaucoma^c Cataracts^c

EyeDropSolution^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeDropSolution

Description

CYC: Instances of #$EyeDropSolution are things such as Visine or eye lubricators, but not solutions used to care for or wear #$ContactLenses.

       Closest is  noun sense 1 of 'eye drop' in WordNet (for only one
         eye drop):
         in WordNet:
         1. eyedrop, eye-drop - (a drop from an eye dropper)

Super-classes OverTheCounterDrug^c
Mixture^c
LiquidSubstance^c

EyeHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeHole`
Description	A ''EyeHole'' is a small ''Hole'' in a surface of some ''SolidObject'' designed to allow a Person to see through or into the object so as to view things inside or on the other side. `CYC 'PeepHole': A small hole big enough to see through. This unit can be used in the descriptions of periscopes, telescopes, cameras, etc. Any small ''Hole'' that penetrates a surface may function as a ''EyeHole' even if not intended for that purposes, such as a ''KeyHole''. This is for holes intended for the purpose of allowing viewing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyehole' in WordNet: 1. peephole, spyhole, eyehole - (a hole (in a door or an oven etc) through which you can peep)`
Super-classes	Hole^c Artifact-Generic^c Opening^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some ArtifactObject^c enablesOrAssists^op value Looking^c

EyeMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeMovement`
Description	A 'EyeMovement' is any movement performed by an Eye within its ''EyeSocket''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eye movement' in WordNet: 1. eye movement - (the movement of the eyes)`
Super-classes	Rotation^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value VertebrateEye^c occursAt^op value EyeSocket^c
Sub-classes	Saccade^c

EyeOpener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeOpener`
Description	A ''EyeOpener'' is a ''SurprisingEvent'' that cases a Person to realize that something is different from what was expected, and that some assumption is incorrect or needs to be modified. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'eye-opener' in WordNet: 2. eye opener - (something surprising and revealing)`
Super-classes	SurprisingEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value LearningAboutaTopic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Revealing^c

EyeOpening^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeOpening

Description

''EyeOpening'' is the property of something (information, an Event) that is both ''Surprising'' and ''Revealing''.

     RHW 'eye-opening': serving as an eyeopener; enlightening: 
           an eye-opening investigation of government corruption.

     no WN Synset seems to apply.

Super-classes Surprising^c
Revealing^c

EyeShadow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeShadow

Description

A colored cosmetic cream or powder applied to the eyelids to accent the eyes.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyeshadow' in WordNet:
         1. (1) eyeshadow - (makeup consisting of a cosmetic substance used to darken the eyes)

Super-classes Makeup^c

EyeSocket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeSocket`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eye socket' in WordNet: 1. (1) eye socket, orbit, cranial orbit, orbital cavity - (the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball)`
Super-classes	BodyCavity^c
Restrictions	contains^op value Eyeball^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Skull^c

Eyeball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyeball`
Description	A ''Eyeball'' is a ''BodyCapsule'' that encloses the Eye of a Vertebrate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyeball' in WordNet: 1. (1) eyeball, orb - (the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye)`
Super-classes	BodyCapsule^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c
Restrictions	contains^op value VertebrateEye^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Vertebrate^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Ball^c

Eyebrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyebrow`
Description	A Physical Object consisting of protective strips of hair over the eyes - not necessarily human. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyebrow' in WordNet: 1. (3) eyebrow, brow, supercilium - (the arch of hair above each eye)`
Super-classes	FacialHair^c MobOfHair-Mammal^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c

EyeglassLens^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EyeglassLens`
Description	CYC: The collection of all eyeglass lenses.
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Lens-Artificial^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Eyeglasses^c

Eyeglasses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyeglasses`
Description	CYC: The collection of all eyeglasses, including sunglasses, monacles, and contact lenses - lensed objects worn on or in front of the eye. This is for eyeglasses with two ''Lens''es,whether those lenses have a single focal length or more (as in ''Bifocals'') COSMO note: this includes monacles and sunglasses. This is classified as a subtype of 'LensedOpticalDevice', which means that it must have a lens. The borderline case of sunglasses that have plane lenses that create no optical distortion is included, because that can be viewed as the limiting case of the weakest power of a lens, zero power. The fact that it is included in a device through which a person looks makes such 'lenses' legitimate examples of 'Lenses', for COSMO. SUMO: ('Eyeglass'): A lens or pair of lenses with or without frames whose purpose is to to correct a defect in vision. This class covers ordinary eye glasses, reading glasses, contact lenses, monocles, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyeglasses', sense 1 of 'glasses' and sense 1 of 'spectacles' in WordNet: 1. spectacles, specs, eyeglasses, glasses - (optical instrument consisting of a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision)
Super-classes	Eyewear^c LensedOpticalDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Face^c enablesOrAssists^op value Seeing^c hasPhysicalPart^op max 2
Sub-classes	SunGlasses^c Bifocals^c

Eyelash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyelash`
Description	This is one hair from the Group usually referred to as ''Eyelashes'', the hairs protruding from the edge of an ''Eyelid''. `The single hair and the group are conflated in the common usage of the word 'eylash' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyelash' in WordNet: 1. eyelash, lash, cilium - (any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids)`
Super-classes	HumanHair^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Eyelashes^c isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Eyelid^c

Eyelashes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyelashes`
Description	This is one of the Groups of Hairs that are attached to edge of one or both ''Eyelid''s. A single lash hair is represented by ''Eyelash''. `CYC: The little hairs that protrude from eyelids. NOTE: this plural form is not in WordNet.`
Super-classes	MobOfHair-Mammal^c RowOfObjects^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value Eyelid^c hasComponentElement^op value Eyelash^c

Eyelid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyelid`
Description	CYC: The collection of all eyelids. An eyelid is a flap of #$Skin in front of and above or below the eyeball which half covers the #$Eye when the #$Eyelids are closed. The #$Eyelids on one side of the face are closed when #$WinkingAnEye. Those on both sides are closed when #$Blinking or when #$Sleeping. `SUMO: Folds of Skin that can be manipulated to cover or uncover Eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyelid' and sense 1 of 'lid' in WordNet: 1. (3) eyelid, lid, palpebra - (either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; "his lids would stay open no longer")`
Super-classes	PortalCovering^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c Skin^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Eye^c

Eyeliner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyeliner`
Description	CYC: Makeup used to emphasize the contour of the eyes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyeliner ' in WordNet: 1. eyeliner - (makeup applied to emphasize the shape of the eyes)`
Super-classes	Makeup^c
Sub-classes	BrowLiner^c

Eyepiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyepiece`
Description	The ''Eyepiece'' is the part of a multi-lens optical instrument (telescope, microscope) into which a user looks, and may be adjusted to focus on the vitual image created by the front lens(es). It magnifies the virtual image as well as focusing the whole image. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyepiece' in WordNet: 1. (1) eyepiece, ocular - (combination of lenses at the viewing end of optical instruments)`
Super-classes	LensedOpticalDevice^c Device-SingleUser^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Magnifying^c hasComponentPart^op value Lens^c

Eyesore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyesore`
Description	An ''Eyesore'' is something that is ''Ugly' at least in the place where it is located. An abandoned and beat-up vehicle or other object could be an example, or a house that is worn or damaged and unrepaired. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyesore' in WordNet: 1. eyesore - (something very ugly and offensive)`
Super-classes	VisibleThing^c HumanSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ugly^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OutOfPlace^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c

Eyewear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyewear`
Description	Any Object worn on or in front of the eyes, including glasses, monacles, contact lenses. `RHW 'eyewear': any of various devices, as spectacles, contact lenses, or goggles, for aiding the vision or protecting the eyes.`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c SomethingToWear^c PersonalDevice^c HandSizedObject^c OpticalInstrument^c DurableGood^c
Sub-classes	Eyeglasses^c ContactLens^c Goggles^c

Eyewitness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eyewitness

Description

An ''Eyewitness'' is a 'Witness' who sees an Event, and is able to report that observation. The informing can be by any means, though it is usually in a court of law.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyewitness' in WordNet:
            1. eyewitness - (a spectator who can describe what happened)

Super-classes Witness^c
Onlooker^c

Fable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fable`
Description	This sense of ''Fable'' is a ''FictionalStory'' that often has animals representing human-like characters .and illustrating some moral. Well-known are the 'Aesop's fables' series. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fable' in WordNet: 2. fable, parable, allegory, apologue - (a short moral story (often with animal characters))`
Super-classes	FictionalStory^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value Fantasy^c hasInformationContent^op value MoralOfaStory^c

Fabric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fabric`
Description	COSMO note' 'Fabric' is a PhysicalSubstance, not one or any collection of objects. COSMO note: 'Clothing' unlike in SUMO, is required to consist of Fabric - those objects worn on the body that are not Fabric are found in 'ClothingAccessory' SUMO: Artifacts that are created by weaving together natural or synthetic fibers (see Cloth) or by treating the skins of certain sorts of Animals (see 'leather'), or by flocking short fibers, as with felt. Note that this Class includes articles that are created by stitching together various types of fabrics, e.g. bedspreads. On the other hand, Clothing is not a subclass of Fabric, because many clothing items contain elements that are not fabrics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fabric' 1 of 'textile', 4 of 'material' and sense 1 of 'cloth' in WordNet: 4. (34) fabric, cloth, material, textile - (artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; 'the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent'; 'woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC'; 'she measured off enough material for a dress')
Super-classes	Surface-Open^c ArtificialSubstance^c SheetlikeSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Linen^c Tweed^c Denim^c Leather^c Cloth^c Canvas^c Rayon^c Lace^c Towelling^c Screening^c Muslin^c FlockedFabric^c Oilcloth^c Sacking^c

FabricObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FabricObject`
Description	An Object made of some Fabric. A ClothObject is an ArtifactObject. NOTE: this is the parent for Objects made of Fabric. They can be of one piece (a napkin) or of multiple pieces (a suit of clothes). For FabricObjects that are one continuous piece, the subtype ''PieceOfCloth'' can be used. If an object can be of one or more than one piece, this type should be used. To be explicitly self-connected an Object needs to be a 'WholeObject' (same as SUMO 'self-connected' object'), but for FabricObjects, only the subtypes of ''PieceOfCloth'' are. So a suit would be an instance of this type.. THe CYC 'Surface-Physical' can be disconnected: ' A physical surface might have holes, tears, or be unconnected and in multiple pieces; it might be flat, curved, or crumpled. '
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SheetArtifact^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fabric^c
Sub-classes	Parachute^c TextileArtifact^c Flag^c TentCeiling^c Backdrop^c DomedCeiling^c Hem^c WoolenObject^c Sail^c WindowCurtain^c Clothing^c Tapis^c Lapel^c LeatherObject^c PieceOfCloth^c WetFabricObject^c WallHanging^c Rag^c

FabricType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FabricType`
Description	FabricType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of ''Fabric'' and an argument restriction for the relations on chemical elements. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	SubstanceShapeType^c
Sub-classes	CanvasType^c
Members	Suede Screening Leather Fabric Tweed Netting Rayon StrawFabric Sacking Muslin Cloth

Fabrication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fabrication`
Description	'Fabrication' is a subtype of 'Manufacturing' in which the objects created are constructed from parts, in which some parts are also modified in the process. This includes the concepts of 'Assembling' and of 'Manufacturing'. Simple assembling activities may be represented by 'Assembling'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'fabricate' and noun senses 3 and 4 of 'fabrication' in WordNet: 1. manufacture, fabricate, construct - (put together out of components or parts; 'the company fabricates plastic chairs'; 'They manufacture small toys') WN noun 'fabrication': 3. fabrication, manufacture - (the act of making something (a product) from raw materials; 'the synthesis and fabrication of single crystals'; 'an improvement in the manufacture of explosives'; 'manufacturing is vital to Great Britain') 4. fabrication, assembly - (the act of constructing something (as a piece of machinery))
Super-classes	Manufacturing^c Assembling^c
Sub-classes	AutomobileFabrication^c

Facade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Facade`
Description	A ''Facade'' is the ''FrontSide'' of a ''Building'', where the ''front door'' is located, and which usually faces (is the surface part closest to) the street or pathway on which the building is located, if it is adjacent to a street. NOTE: to specify the building of which this is the front side, use property: ''isAtTheSurfaceOf'' OBJ @PRIM In FOL, more specific relations such as 'isTheFrontSideOf' can be inferred from: ?SUBJ instance of FrontSide ?SUBJ isAtTheSurfaceOf ?OBJ --> ?SUBJ isTheFrontSideOf ?OBJ These relations can also be combined in a SPARQL query. Therefore in the OWL version such more specific relations can be avoided as being non-primitive and unnecessary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'facade' in WordNet: 1. (3) facade, frontage, frontal - (the face or front of a building)
Super-classes	FrontSide^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Building^c

Face^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Face`
Description	SUMO: The part of the Head from forehead to chin and from ear to ear. NOTE: for the face of a Person use subtype ''HumanFace''. `Same as CYC 'FaceOfAnimal': A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart and #$ExternalAnatomicalPart. Each instance of #$FaceOfAnimal is the bodily region of an animal where the eyes of that animal are located. In most terrestrial animals, this is the front region of an animal's head, and it also turns out to be where the nose and mouth are located Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'face' in WordNet: 7. (1) face - (the part of an animal corresponding to the human face)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head-Vertebrate^c
Sub-classes	HumanFace^c

Face-to-face^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Face-to-face`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'face-to-face' in Wordnet: 1. face-to-face - (in each other's presence; 'a face-to-face encounter')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FaceLift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaceLift`
Description	CYC: A surgical procedure in which the skin of the face is drawn taut, from an incision up along the hairline. Face lifts are almost always done purely for cosmetic reasons. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'face lift' in WordNet: 1. face lift, facelift, lift, face lifting, cosmetic surgery, rhytidectomy, rhytidoplasty, nip and tuck - (plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised; 'some actresses have more than one face lift') WN verb 'face-lift': 1. face-lift, lift - (perform cosmetic surgery on someone's face)`
Super-classes	CosmeticSurgery^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Face^c

FaceShield^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaceShield`
Description	A ''FaceShield'' is a ''ShieldDevice'' that is designed to protect the Face (or most of it) of a Person from injury by objects or radiation that may strike it and cause some form of injury. This is `"PreventingSunburn`
Super-classes	ShieldDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ProtectingPassively^c

FaceTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaceTime`
Description	''FaceTime'' is a ''Meeting'' in which two or more people who often communicate remotely come together in one place to talk face-to-face. `NOTE: RHW gloss say the meeters are acquainted only from remote communications, but this type is for people who communicate mostly by remote communication: some annual meetings of interest groups are referred to as 'face time'. Includes senses 2 and 3 of RHW 'face time': 2. a brief face-to-face meeting, esp. with someone important. 3. a face-to-face meeting with a person one knows only from phone conversations, e-mail correspondence, etc.`
Super-classes	GoalSituation^c Meeting^c Event-Organized^c SocialInteraction^c SocialOccurrence^c PromisedAction^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op value Date^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Face-to-face^c

FaceToFaceConflict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaceToFaceConflict`
Description	''FacingToFaceConflict'' is an ''Opposing'' action in which two or more human agents (Person or group e.g. team or military group) perform the ''ConflictEvent'' in a location where they are close to each other, perhaps but not necessarily in contact with each other (no contact in a debate).
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some CoLocatedContestants^c

FaceVeil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaceVeil`
Description	A ''FaceVeil'' is a type of ''Veil'' covering the Face. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'face veil' in WordNet: 1. face veil - (a piece of more-or-less transparent material that covers the face)`
Super-classes	Veil^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	Niqab^c

Facebook^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Facebook

Description

''Facebook'' is a 'WebSite' that maintains Sets of ''WebPage''s controlled largely by individual remote users,who add content about themselves and about friends and family and other things, and make some of that available to the general public, and some of it only to selected other users who are registered as 'friends'. One of a number of 'SocialMedia' sites.

      NOTE this is represented here as a subclass rather than instance of
        ''WebSite'', as it is frequently changed, and maintained on 
        many computers.

     WikiPedia:
     Facebook (FB) is an American online social media and social networking service 
        based in Menlo Park, California and a flagship service of the namesake company Facebook,
        Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students
        and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. 
 The founders initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students
    and subsequently Columbia, Stanford, and Yale students. Membership was eventually 
    expanded to the remaining Ivy League schools, MIT, and higher education institutions 
    in the Boston area, then various other universities, and lastly high school students. 
    Since 2006, anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old has been allowed to become 
    a registered user of Facebook, though this may vary depending on local laws. 
    The name comes from the face book directories often given to American university students.   
 The Facebook service can be accessed from devices with Internet connectivity,
    such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. After registering, 
    users can create a customized profile revealing information about themselves. 
    They can post text, photos and multimedia which is shared with any other users 
    that have agreed to be their 'friend', or, with a different privacy setting, 
    with any reader. Users can also use various embedded apps, join common-interest groups, 
    buy and sell items or services on Marketplace, and receive notifications
    of their Facebook friends' activities and activities of Facebook pages they follow.
    Facebook claimed that it had more than 2.3 billion monthly active users 
    as of December 2018.[8] However, it faces a big problem of fake accounts. 
    It caught 3 billion fake accounts in the last quarter of 2018 and the first quarter 
    of 2019.[9] Many critics questioned whether Facebook knows how many actual users 
    it has.[9][10][11]

      No WN sense.

Super-classes SocialNeworkProgram^c
SocialMediaWebsite^c

FacebookFriendship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacebookFriendship`
Description	A ''FacebookFriendship''is a ''SocialRelationship'' in which two people have established a link as 'Friends' on the Facebook website.
Super-classes	SocialRelationship^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value Facebook^c usesResource^op value Computer^c isPerformedBy^op exactly 2 usesResource^op value Internet^c

Facepalm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Facepalm`
Description	A 'Facepalm'' is a ''Gesture'' made by a person by putting the palm of the hand on the face. `Wikipedia: A facepalm is the physical gesture of placing one's hand across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands, covering or closing one's eyes. The gesture is often exaggerated by giving the motion more force and making a slapping noise when the hand comes in contact with the face. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, exasperation, embarrassment, horror, shock, surprise, exhaustion, sarcasm, or incredulous disbelief.`
Super-classes	Gesture^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some Shrugging^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Facial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Facial

Description

''Facial''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Face'' and associated things: ''FacialExpression''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'facial' in Wordnet:
         1. facial - (of or concerning the face; 'a facial massage'; 
               'facial hair'; 'facial expression')

Super-classes BodyLocationAttribute^c

FacialCare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacialCare`
Description	''FacialCare'' is a form ''PersonalGrooming'' in which someone performs some action (or has it performed by another) to improve the appearance of the ''Face'', such as cutting the eyebrows, trimming a moustache, shaving, or applying makeup, or any of various other types of care, including a 'full facial' represened by subtype ''FullFacial''.
Super-classes	PersonalGrooming^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	Shaving^c FullFacial^c

FacialExpression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacialExpression`
Description	'FacialExpression' is the a ''Configuration'' of the parts of a Person's face, usually expressing some ''MentalState'', conveying some thought or emotion. This includes a neutral expression, which would be the face without any sign of emotion. `A ''FacialExpression'' usually expresses some mental state, though it may occur for other reasons. NOTE that 'face' in this sense is usually prefixed by an emotion word 'sad face', 'angry face': This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'expression' and noun sense 1 of 'look' and sense 2 of 'face' in WordNet: 1. (23) expression, look, aspect, facial expression, face - (the feelings expressed on a person's face; 'a sad expression'; 'a look of triumph'; 'an angry face')`
Super-classes	Sign^c VisualInformationBearingThing^c Signal^c Gesture^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some PersonalAppearance^c expressesMentalState^op some (MentalState^c or MentalEvent^c or FeelingType^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Sneer^c Gape^c Frown^c Wince^c WideOpenEyes^c Smile^c Deadpan^c Smirk^c Wincing^c Grimace^c Leer^c

FacialExpressionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacialExpressionType`
Description	Each instance of 'FacialExpressionType' is a Configuration of the parts of the Face that is considered as a 'FacialExpression', expressing some MentalState..
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	Sneer Deadpan Wincing Smirk Gape Smile Frown Grimace Wince FacialExpression Leer

FacialHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacialHair`
Description	A beard, moustache, long sideburns, or bushy eyebrows. An instance of 'No_facial_hair' means that none of these features are present.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c
Sub-classes	Beard^c Eyebrow^c No_facial_hair^c Sideburn^c BothSideburns^c Moustache^c

FacialHairType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacialHairType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of FacialHair as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPartType^c
In range of	hasFacialHair^op
Members	Moustache Goatee Beard Stubble EnglishMoustache FacialHair No_facial_hair HandlebarMoustache Eyebrow PencilMoustache Sideburn

FacialTic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacialTic`
Description	A ''FacialTic'' is specifically for a 'tic in the face. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tic' in WordNet: 1. tic - (a local and habitual twitching especially in the face)
Super-classes	Twitching^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PhysiologicalCondition^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recurring^c occursAt^op value Face^c

Facilitating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Facilitating`
Description	'Facilitating' is a broad category of Events in which some Object (including agents) or Situation (potentially passive and natural) facilitates or assists another Event. For the passive, e.g. an Earth location in a temperate zone facililtates the growing of crops. For example, a 'catalyst' can facilitate a chemical reaction (perhaps a catalyst can be considered an agent?); a downhill slope facilitates skiing For agents helping to expedite events, use 'HelpingSomethingDoSomething'; the more specificsubtype 'HelpingAnAgent' and its subtypes are for helping people. NOTE: the relation 'enablesOrAssists' is closely related and may properly be used to relate participants in Events that fit in this category. A broad sense including senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'facilitate' in Wordnet: 1. (5) facilitate, ease, alleviate - (make easier; 'you could facilitate the process by sharing your knowledge') 2. help, facilitate - (be of use; 'This will help to prevent accidents') 3. facilitate - (increase the likelihood of (a response); 'The stimulus facilitates a delayed impulse')
Super-classes	Enabling^c
Sub-classes	HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c EnablingPassageThrough^c ExpeditingaProcess^c

Facilitator^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Facilitator

Description

A ''Facilitator''is a ''Helper'' who helps another Person perform some task, not by directly doing part of the task, but by changing something that can impede performing the task, or by providing access to resources that can help perform the task.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'facilitator' in WordNet:
          1. facilitator - (someone who makes progress easier)

Super-classes Helper^c

FacilitiesPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacilitiesPerson`
Description	Someone who provides the upkeep of a professional facility - a building or site - as their job.
Super-classes	BlueCollarWorker^c
Sub-classes	Janitor^c

Facility-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Facility-Generic`
Description	A 'Facility-Generic' is a PhysicalObject that is an Artifact large enough for people to be inside (or within the grounds of, for an outdoor facility), and that is designated for or was created for some purpose, such as to provide a service, maufacture objects, provide space for recreation, or study, or worship; this is very general, and there is little specific that can be said about a generic 'facility'. Restrictions may be possible for more specific types of facility. In COSMO a Facility can be as mobile, which is why it is a subtype of 'Structure' rather than the fixed 'ConstructionArtifact'. It may be as concrete as a building, or only a cleared lot with some markings usable as a BaseballField. In any case it should be some human-modified physical object, whether it is the the land or the structures on it, or both. needs 'servesPurpose' ?? OpenCyc: #$Facility-Generic is a specialization of #$GeographicalThing and a generalization of #$OutdoorRecreationArea which also subsumes many specializations of #$ConstructionArtifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'facility' in WordNet: 1. (35) facility, installation - (a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry; 'the assembly plant is an enormous facility')
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Property^c Structure^c Place^c
Sub-classes	Amenity^c ServiceFacility^c VictorianStructure^c Platform-Military^c Quarry^c ExperimentalFacility^c SchoolFacility^c StorageFacility^c Campground^c DrillingRig^c ElectricPowerGrid^c CommercialFacility^c TransportFacility^c MilitaryFacility^c StageForPerformances^c PublicMeetingPlace^c RecreationalFacility^c BeachorSwimmingPool^c Zoo^c OffstageArea^c FixedStructure^c ClosedFacility^c GenericAstronomicalObservatory^c HumanOccupationConstruct^c JewelryStore-Facility^c HumanShelterConstruction^c DetentionFacility^c Repository^c PartitionedSpace^c PowerGrid^c Mine^c PathArtifact^c PowerGenerationComplex^c SportsFacility^c MobilePlatform^c PlaceOfBusiness^c

FacingAnOpponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacingAnOpponent`
Description	''FacingAnOpponent'' is an ''Opposing'' action in which one human agent (Person, group, or Organization) begins a ''FaceToFaceConflict'' by coming to the place where the conflict will take place, and begins the 'ConflictEvent'. `This differs somewhat from the WN gloss: the COSMO sense is the beginning of a conflict that takes place face-to-face, which is part of the WN sense. The main part of the actual conflict is the full ''ConflictEvent'' that follows the ''FacingAnOpponent''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'face' in WordNet: 2. (33) confront, face - (oppose, as in hostility or a competition; 'You must confront your opponent'; 'Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring'; 'The two enemies finally confronted each other')`
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Face-to-face^c isTheStartingPartOf^op value FaceToFaceConflict^c

Fact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fact`
Description	An ''Observation'' (an ''Assertion'') for which there is some credible observable evidence that the Assertion is true, and which is considered true by some IntelligentAgent. This is the general type, and subtypes can reflect individual judgment, and one agent may consider something as true while another agent does not. A single ''Observation'', if not contradicted by other Observations, can produce a ''Fact'' This is an ''Assertion'' in logical form; for a linguistic representation of a ''Fact'' use ''StatementOfFact''. For assertions that have very solid evidence (more than one ''Observation'', believed by more than one reliable observer), with no reasonable dispute, use 'VerifiedFact'. NOTE that an Assertion is not the actual things represented by the assertion, it is a representation of some state of affairs. The WordNet senses of 'fact' are difficult to distinguish, but one subtype can be defined, corresponding to sense 3 (observed events or objects with reliable records of the observation); sense 2 appears to represent a linguistic statement (a statement that is asserted as a fact) - this will be represented as a 'StatementOfFact' (a LinguisticAssertion). Sense 1 appears to be for facts relevant to some specific circumstance, but it is not clear that this distinction can be recognized from other facts. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'fact' in Random House webster: 3. a truth known by actual experience or observation; something known to be true: Scientists gather facts about plant growth. The WordNet senses are difficult to distinguish; noun senses 1 to 4 are all included in this type. in WordNet: 1. (415) fact - (a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; 'first you must collect all the facts of the case') 2. (91) fact - (a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; 'he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts') 3. (30) fact - (an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; 'your fears have no basis in fact'; 'how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell') 4. (27) fact - (a concept whose truth can be proved; 'scientific hypotheses are not facts')
Super-classes	Observation^c
Sub-classes	VerifiedFact^c Datum^c ParticularFact^c

Fact-Based^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fact-Based

Description

''Fact-Based'' is an AttributeValue of an Assertion that is based on verified facts, not on hypothesis or exaggeration or falsification or erroneous reasoning.

      NOTE: there is No WN or RHW sense for the term 'fact-based' , but it is commonly used 
         in political discussions in the early 2000's, as a contrast to many exaggerated
         and hypothetical and erroneus arguents put forward in support
         of or opposition to government policies.

         WN adj 'factual':
           2. factual - (of or relating to or characterized by facts;
               'factual considerations')

Super-classes Nonfictional^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c
Real^c
Actual^c

Faction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faction`
Description	A 'Faction'' is an ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' that is a subgroup of some GroupOfPeople who differ from others in that group on some issue of policy and choose to pursue their ends primarily by coordinating the activities of the subgroup, rather than working within the main group. A ''Faction'' can be a large group if the parent group is very large, so Fation members in general do not necessarily have contact with each other - as would a Faction in a legislative body. `RHW: 1. a group or clique within a larger group, party, government, organization, or the like: a faction in favor of big business. WN has 'sect' as a subtype of ''Clique'' but this type can be large whereas COSMO ''Clique'' is usually a small group in direct contact with each other. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'faction' and part of sense 2 of 'sect' in WordNet: 2. faction, sect - (a dissenting clique)`
Super-classes	Role^c ActivityTypeFocusGroup^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some GroupOfPeople^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dissenting^c
Sub-classes	LeftWing^c

Factious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Factious`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'factious' in Wordnet: 1. dissentious, divisive, factious - (dissenting (especially dissenting with the majority opinion))`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing^op value Dissension^c

Factor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Factor`
Description	A ''Factor'' is the Role of something of any type (Object or Event) that contributes to (plays a role in , is a factor in) causing an Event. This can contribute to PhysicalEvents directly or may partly cause ''MentalEvent's when considered by an IntelligentAgent a in a ''Deciding''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'factor' in WordNet: 1. (355) factor - (anything that contributes causally to a result; 'a number of factors determined the outcome')`
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	contributedCausallyTo^op some Event^c
Sub-classes	Consideration^c ComplicatingFactor^c

Factory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Factory`
Description	COSMO note: a building where ArtifactObjects or substances are produced. Called 'FactoryBuilding' in Cyc. In COSMO this includes not only the external structure, but all the interior elements that are required for its function. NOTE: as a subtype of 'ManufacturingFacility', each instance must specify the object manufactored in it. Cyc: The collection of all factory buildings. This doesn't necessarily mean every building at a given factory, but rather relatively large buildings with assembly lines, machinery, etc. - the common-sense notion of an archetypal factory building. COSMO NOTE that 'Factory' is a subtype of 'CommercialFacility'. If a government or non-profit organization can have a Factory for producing materials consumed by itself, then a Factory will have to be unlinked from 'CommercialFacility'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'factory' in WordNet - the sense where the factory is one building: in WordNet: 1. (18) factory, mill, manufacturing plant, manufactory - (a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing)
Super-classes	ManufacturingFacility^c Building^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Manufacturing^c
Sub-classes	AutomobileFactory^c CoinMint^c Mill^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatRockAssemblyPlant

FactualText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FactualText`
Description	The class of AbstractTexts that purport to reveal facts about the world. Such texts are often known as information or as non-fiction. Note that something can be an instance of FactualText, even if it is wholly inaccurate. Whether something is a FactualText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating the text.. (from SUMO). NOTE: a ''FactualText'' is an ''AbstractTexts'' produced by someone making an honest effort to report 'facts'. Intentionally fictional ''AbstractTexts'' are represented under ''Fictionaltext''. Those assertions that merely express feelings, beliefs, unfounded theories, gossip, rumor, conspiracy theories and the like are represented under ''QuestionableInformation''. NOTE: ''AbstractTexts'', whether factual, fictional, or questionable, will usually be a representation of some abstract propositional content that is a subtype of ''Information-Content''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonfiction' in WordNet: 1. (4) nonfiction, nonfictional prose - (prose writing that is not fictional)
Super-classes	TextualPCW^c AbstractText^c
Sub-classes	Commentary^c Report^c Treatise^c ReferenceWork^c HistoricalNarrative^c Announcement^c ProseArticle^c MeasurementResult^c

Faculty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faculty`
Description	A ''Faculty''' is a ''SocialBody''consisting of all of the teachers at some educational institution.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faculty' in WordNet: 2. (3) staff, faculty - (the body of teachers and administrators at a school; 'the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university')`
Super-classes	SocialBody^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only FacultyMember^c

FacultyMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FacultyMember`
Description	A 'FacultyMember' is a Teacher employed (perhaps non-salaried?) by some 'EducationalOrganization'. `NONTE this type includes secondary and primary schools, and is broader than the WordNet synset suggests. The higher-education faculty members are represented by the subtype 'CollegeFacultyMember'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faculty member' in WordNet: 1. academician, academic, faculty member - (an educator who works at a college or university)`
Super-classes	Teacher^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some Faculty^c isEmployedBy^op some EducationalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	CollegeFacultyMember^c

Fad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fad`
Description	Each ''Fad'' is a popular 'BehaviorPreference' shared by a significant number of people (from a dozen to many millions) over some interval of time, often no more than a few years. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fad' in WordNet: 1. fad, craze, furor, furore, cult, rage - (an interest followed with exaggerated zeal; 'he always follows the latest fads'; 'it was all the rage that season')`
Super-classes	Fashion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Trendy^c

Faded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faded

Description

An AttributeValue of things that have levels of intensity, indicating that the current level is lower than some prior reference level.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'faded' in WordNet:
         1. (7) bleached, faded, washed-out, washy - (having lost freshness or brilliance of color;
             'sun-bleached deck chairs'; 'faded jeans'; 'a very pale washed-out blue'; 'washy colors')
         2. (3) attenuate, attenuated, faded, weakened - (reduced in strength; 
             'the faded tones of an old recording')

Super-classes Decreased^c

Fading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fading`
Description	''Fading'' is a ''DecreaseEvent'' in which the intensity or magnitude of some value decreases spontaneously or seemingly spontaneously, without the direct effort of an Agent. For Actions where an Agent causes a decrease in some value, use ''LoweringaValue'' or ''Reduction''. `This usually implies that the decrease occurs gradualy, but there is no upper or lower limit on the speed of the decrease. for this type. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'fade' in Wordnet: 1. (6) fade, melt - (become less clearly visible or distinguishable; disappear gradually or seemingly; 'The scene begins to fade'; 'The tree trunks are melting into the forest at dusk') 3. (4) evanesce, fade, blow over, pass off, fleet, pass - (disappear gradually; 'The pain eventually passed off')`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op some owl:Thing^c

Faggot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faggot`
Description	A ''Faggot' is a ''Sheaf'' consisting of multiple ''LongAndThinObject''s, such as a ''Rod'' or ''Cord''. This is not the traditional sense of 'faggot', but is the closest common word to this meaning. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'faggot' in WordNet: 2. fagot, faggot - (a bundle of sticks and branches bound together)`
Super-classes	Sheaf^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op only LongAndThinObject^c
Sub-classes	SheafOfCords^c

FahrenheitDegree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FahrenheitDegree

Description

A TemperatureMeasure that is commonly used in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 FahrenheitDegrees, and the boiling point of water is 212 FahrenheitDegrees.

  Corresponds to part of sense 3 of 'degree' and sense 1 of degree Fahrenheit in WordNet:
    4. (7) degree - (a unit of temperature on a specified scale;
      'the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature')
    1. (3) degree Fahrenheit, F - (a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature)

Super-classes TemperatureMeasure^c

Failed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Failed`
Description	'Failed' is an AttributeValue of an ''AttemptingActivity'' whose goals were not accomplished.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Failing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Failing

Description

'Failing'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Business'' that is in debt and continuing to lose money from its operations.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'failing' in Wordnet:
        1. failed, failing - (unable to meet financial obligations; 'a failing business venture')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FailingAnExam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FailingAnExam`
Description	''FailingAnExam'' is a ''PassingaTest'' in which the 'test' is an ''Exam''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flunk' in WordNet: 1. fail, flunk, bomb, flush it - (fail to get a passing grade; 'She studied hard but failed nevertheless'; 'Did I fail the test?')`
Super-classes	PassingaTest^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some TestOfSkill^c

FailingToArrive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FailingToArrive`
Description	'FailingToArrive' is an Event in which some IntelligentAgent attempts to reach the location of an event, at a specific time: (a meeting, a performance, the departure of a vehicle), but does not arrive at the time intended. The arrival can occur later than intended, and the absence at the intended time would still be a FailingToArrive. This type is any action which is both a 'MissingAnAppointment' and a 'Failing' Event. The 'FailingToArrive' could be a failure to be present only at some part of an Event: the beginning, the end, or any part of the middle. This applies to missing the departure of a vehicle from some location. 'missed the concert'; 'missed the first five minutes of the movie'; 'missed the plane'. Missing the departure of a vehicle is usually expressed in English as 'missing' the vehicle - 'missed the train', and it is understood that it is the departure and boarding process that is missed. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'miss' in WordNet: 5. (5) miss - (fail to reach or get to; 'She missed her train')
Super-classes	MissingAnAppointment^c Failure^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op some ArrivingAtAPlace^c

FailingToCollide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FailingToCollide`
Description	''FailingToCollide'' is a motion in which some moving object does not impact another (specified) object, though it was moving toward or aimed at the second (target) object, or passed close. This is general, covering both unintentional or natural Actions that could have resulted in a ''Colliding', and ''PurposefulAction''s such as ''ShootingAtaTarget''. 'the asteroid missed the Earth'; 'the planes missed each other by a few feet' `For 'ShootingAtaTarget'' actions that miss the mark use subtype ''MissingaTarget''. See also ''Impelling'' and related concepts. Includes but is broader than verb sense 7 of 'miss' in WordNet: 7. (4) miss - (fail to reach; 'The arrow missed the target')`
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c DidNotHappenEvent^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op some Colliding^c
Sub-classes	MissingaTarget^c

FailingToHear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FailingToHear`
Description	'FailingToHear'' is a ''FailingToPerceive'' in which the type of ''Perceiving'' not performed is a ''Hearing'' Action.
Super-classes	FailingToPerceive^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op value Hearing^c

FailingToPerceive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FailingToPerceive`
Description	'FailingToPerceive' is an Event in which some IntelligentAgent does not perceive something which might have been perceived with more directed attention. This is used to express a failure to hear a remark made within earshot, or to see an object that is visible to the perceiver. The potential perceiver may not in fact be trying to perceive the thing not perceived, and this is therefore not necessarily a subtype of 'Failing'. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'miss' in WordNet; this does not include failure to understand, which is represented by 'FailureToUnderstand': in WordNet: 1. (16) miss, lose - (fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind; 'I missed that remark'; 'She missed his point'; 'We lost part of what he said')`
Super-classes	Failure^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op value Perceiving^c
Sub-classes	FailingToHear^c

FailingToUnderstand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FailingToUnderstand`
Description	'FailingToUnderstand' is an Action in which some IntelligentAgent perceives some information during a Communication, but does not fully understand the expressed meaning. The information may be transmitted orally or in writing. This type is used to express the notion that some part of the meaning of a Communication is 'missed' (not properly understood); this assumes that the information that is missed could be derived from the communication by someone with sufficient background and intelligence. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'miss' in WordNet - the part meaning 'fail to perceive with the mind'. Failing to perceive with the senses is represented as 'FailingToPerceive': in WordNet: 1. (16) miss, lose - (fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind; 'I missed that remark'; 'She missed his point'; 'We lost part of what he said')`
Super-classes	Perceiving^c Failure^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some Bafflement^c hasEventNotOccurring^op some Understanding^c
Sub-classes	Misunderstanding^c

Failure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Failure`
Description	''Failure'' is an AttemptingActivity that does not succeed. To 'fail' is a meta-assertion about some action. For each instance of Failing, the action (or ActionType) attempted must be specified. `NOTE that if the AttemptingActivity is an attempt to arrive at and be present at some Event, a 'Failing' can also be an instance of 'MissingAnAppointment' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fail' and noun sense 1 of 'failure' in WordNet: 2. (33) fail, go wrong, miscarry - (be unsuccessful; 'Where do today's public schools fail?'; 'The attempt to rescue the hostages failed miserably') WN 'failure' 1. (18) failure - (an act that fails; 'his failure to pass the test')`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c DidNotHappenEvent^c UndesirableEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Failed^c hasAttemptedAction^op some (ActionType^c or Action^c)
Sub-classes	SpoilingSomething^c FailingToUnderstand^c MissingaTarget^c FailingToPerceive^c FailingToArrive^c Flop^c BunglingaTask^c MissingaPayment^c Debacle^c

Faint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faint

Description

'Faint' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are at the lowest level of intensity, lower than 'Mild' (less than 0.15 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to perceptible properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake, feelings, and other things. Synonyms would be 'barely perceptible' or 'difficult to detect'.

       Includes adjective sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'faint'
            and adj sense 10 of 'weak' in WordNet:
         1. (5) faint, weak - (deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; 
             lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc; 'a faint outline';
             'the wan sun cast faint shadows'; 'the faint light of a distant candle';
             'weak colors'; 'a faint hissing sound'; 'a faint aroma'; 'a weak pulse')
         2. (5) dim, faint, shadowy, vague, wispy - (lacking clarity or distinctness; 
             'a dim figure in the distance'; 'only a faint recollection'; 
             'shadowy figures in the gloom'; 'saw a vague outline of a building through 
             the fog'; 'a few wispy memories of childhood')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c

FaintingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaintingEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a person loses consciousness and physically collapses. Fainting occurs as a result of various causes, including physical shocks and strong emotions of surprise, grief, or fear. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'faint' in WordNet: 1. (1) faint, conk, swoon, pass out - (pass out from weakness, physical or emotional distress due to a loss of blood supply to the brain) WN noun 'swoon': 1. faint, swoon, syncope, deliquium - (a spontaneous loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood to the brain)`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some Unconsciousness^c

Faintly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faintly

Description

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'faintly' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) faintly - (to a faint degree or weakly perceived; 'between him and the dim light
               a form was outlined faintly'; 'stars shining faintly through the overcast'; 
               'could hear his distant shouts only faintly'; 'the rumors weren't even faintly true')
         WN adverb 'weakly':
            1. (2) weakly - (in a weak or feeble manner or to a minor degree; 'weakly agreed
                to a compromise';'wheezed weakly'; 'he was weakly attracted to her')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Fair^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fair

Description

An attribute value that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is average or slightly better than average, but not 'Good'.

     'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top
     'Good' and the bottom 'Bad'

    Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 6 of 'fair' in WordNet:
      6. average, fair, mediocre, middling - (lacking exceptional quality 
         or ability; 'a novel of average merit'; 'only a fair performance of
         the sonata'; 'in fair health'; 'the caliber of the students has gone
         from mediocre to above average'; 'the performance was middling at best')

Super-classes GoodnessValue^c

FairPlay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FairPlay`
Description	''FairPlay'' is a 'MannerOfBehavior' that is characterized by an attitude of ''Impartiality'' and has the attribute ''Impartial''.
Super-classes	MannerOfBehavior^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impartial^c isCausedBy^op value Impartiality^c
Sub-classes	EthicalBehavior^c HonorableBehavior^c

Fairness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fairness`
Description	''Fairness'' is an ''Impartiality'' that pertains to how people treat or judge other people, and that predisposes a Person to treat all or most people egually and ''Fairly'', not favoring one over another unless objective facts or circumstances warrant such a choice.. `Also terned 'evenhandedness'', but that is not in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fairness' in WordNet: 2. fairness, fair-mindedness, candor, candour - (ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty)`
Super-classes	Attitude^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tendency^c

Fairway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fairway`
Description	A ''Fairway'' is a stretch mostly level land in a GolfCourse between the Tee and the Green,which has grass well mowed. `CYC: A kind of subregion of a golf course, where the ball is hit a long distance over a grassy stretch free of obstacles like trees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fairway' in WordNet: 1. (2) fairway - (the area between the tee and putting green where the grass is cut short)`
Super-classes	Lawn^c LandSite^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Grassy^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Turf^c hadMissingThing^op value Tree^c isaSpatialPartOf^op value GolfCourse^c

Fairy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fairy`
Description	A #$Fairy is a smallish to human-sized imaginary creature with magic powers, which may look like a very small person. It may have wings, like Tinker Bell, or be human-sized as with Cinderella's 'Fairy Godmother'. RHW 'sprite': an elf, fairy, or goblin. BUT a 'Fairy' is not a Person, so it is not a 'MagicPerson'. @ToDO - perhaps we need a relation to specify the characteristics of an image (avatar, materialization) of a ''SupernaturalBeing''. @ToDo. NOTE that as a ''SupernaturalBeing'', a ''Fairy' cannot be an Animal. Nevertheless its appearance can have a 'size'. But the size may vary, so it can only be specified vaguely, as a 'PortableObject' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fairy' in WordNet: 1. (1) fairy, faery, faerie, fay, sprite - (a small being, human in form, playful and having magical powers)
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c MythicalThing^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value AbilityToPerformMagic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasProperPart^op value TwoWings^c
Sub-classes	Sandman^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tinkerbell

Faith-Based^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faith-Based

Description

''Faith-Based'' is an AttributeValue of ''Action''s and ''Assertion''s that are motivated by ''Faith'' (as contrasted with objective facts and observations of real-world Events.

      No WN sense for 'faith-based'.

Super-classes Nonfictional^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Faithful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faithful`
Description	Faithful is an Attribute of a person who is reliable in being affectionate or considerate of another person, group, or cause or reliably holds to some principle or belief. 'Faithful' indicates a greater commitment of Feeling to the object of faithfulness than does the neutral 'Reliable'. When used to modify an Action or FunctionalProcess, as in 'faithful service', this Attribute characterizes the attitude of the person performing that Action, which is evidenced by the Action and the manner in which it is carried out. NOTE that 'loyal' is a subtype of this type. 'Loyal' in COSMO does not differentiate among the things to which one may be loyal. Each type of object of loyalty (friend, country, principle) may be viewed as defining a different subtype of loyalty, but the differences are not distinct enough to create a need for differentiation at the level of primitive concepts. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'faithful' in WordNet. 1. (5) faithful - (steadfast in affection or allegiance; 'years of faithful service'; 'faithful employees'; 'we do not doubt that England has a faithful patriot in the Lord Chancellor')
Super-classes	Reliable^c
Sub-classes	Loyal^c

Faithfulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faithfulness`
Description	A Feeling that inspires a person to be Faithful to something or someone. This is the Feeling, which is an Event. The attribute of being faithful is ''Faithful''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'faithfulness' and noun sense 2 of 'fidelity' in WordNet: 1. fidelity, faithfulness - (the quality of being faithful)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Loyalty^c

Faithless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faithless`
Description	This sense of ''Unfaithful'' represents the most general sense of not honoring some obligation or promise. More specific subtypes are ''Treasonous'' and (for marital infideity) ''Unfaithful''. `NOTE: the only WN sense of 'faithless' is as a synonym of ''Treasonous''. This sense corresponds to RHW sense 4: 1. not adhering to allegiance, promises, vows, or duty: the faithless behavior of Benedict Arnold. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unfaithful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unfaithful - (not true to duty or obligation or promises; 'an unfaithful lover')`
Super-classes	Unreliable^c
Sub-classes	Unfaithful^c

Falcon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Falcon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'falcon' in WordNet: 1. (2) falcon - (diurnal birds of prey having long pointed powerful wings adapted for swift flight)`
Super-classes	Hawk^c FalconiformOrder^c
Sub-classes	PeregrineFalcon^c

FalconiformOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FalconiformOrder`
Description	The order Falconiformes, comprising the vultures, hawks, eagles, ospreys, falcons, caracaras, etc. They are swift and graceful, and known for their raptorial, or predatory, skills. The have hooked beaks, and highly developed senses of sight and hearing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Falconiformes' in WordNet: 1. Falconiformes, order Falconiformes - (chiefly diurnal carnivorous birds having hooked beaks and long talons with opposable hind toe: falcons; hawks; eagles; ospreys; caracaras; vultures)`
Super-classes	BirdOfPrey^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value LongTalon^c
Sub-classes	Falcon^c

FallSeason^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FallSeason

Description

COSMO note: Fall is interpreted as the calendar interval that occurs at different times of year in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. This is closer to SUMO than to Cyc usage for this term.

        Cyc: A specialization of #$SeasonOfYear.  Each instance
        of #$FallSeason is the season during a temperate climate
        cycle (see #$TemperateClimateCycle) during which the bulk of
        harvesting occurs and many plants cease growth in order to
        enter a dormant period for the coming Winter. Thus instances
        of #$FallSeason also typically have harvest celebrations as
        sub-events.  Note that #$FallSeason represents the climatic
        aspects of Fall; it is _not_ a specialization of
        #$CalendarSeason.  For the collection of temporal extents of
        fall seasons, see #$CalendarAutumn.

        SUMO:  The SeasonOfYear that begins at the autumnal
        equinox and ends at the winter solstice.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autumn' in WordNet:
          1. (7) fall, autumn - - (the season when the leaves fall from the trees; "in the fall of 1973")

Super-classes SeasonOfYear^c

Fallacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fallacy`
Description	An 'ErroneousBelief' is a Belief that does not `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fallacy' in WordNet: 1. fallacy, false belief - (a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning)`
Super-classes	ErroneousBelief^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ErroneousReasoning^c hasAttributeValue^op value ProvablyFalse^c
Sub-classes	Pseudoscience^c

Fallen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fallen

Description

An Attribute of Objects that have experienced a FallingEvent due to gravity, including things that have fallen from a vertical to a horizontal position without changing the location of the base, such as a Tree.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fallen' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) fallen - (having dropped by the force of gravity; 
            'fallen leaves covered the forest floor'; 'sat on a fallen tree trunk')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Falling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Falling

Description

This sense of ''Falling'' is for Objects that are decreasing in altitude above the ground, usually under gravity (or possibly due to other forces in a gravity-free space with an artficial 'gravity').

        Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'falling' in Wordnet:
          3. dropping, falling - (coming down freely under the influence of gravity;
             'the eerie whistle of dropping bombs'; 'falling rain')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Falling-Freefall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Falling-Freefall`
Description	Each 'Falling-Freefall' is an Event in which the center of gravity of an unsupported or PhysicalObject moves directly downward under the influence of gravity, with nothing (other than wind resistance) to cause a deviation from the vertical direction. `This sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'fall' and verb sense 2 of 'drop' in WordNet. The two senses appear identical, but are in different branches of the hierarchy in WordNet: 1. (46) fall - (descend in free fall under the influence of gravity; 'The branch fell from the tree'; 'The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse') WN 'drop' 2. drop - (to fall vertically; 'the bombs are dropping on enemy targets')`
Super-classes	FallingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Plummeting^c Diving^c

FallingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FallingEvent`
Description	A FallingEvent is an Event in which the center of gravity of an unsupported or not-stably-supported PhysicalObject moves downward under the influence of gravity, in a gravitational field. Because of air resistance, the downward motion does not have to accelerate throughout the fall. The FallingEvent terminates when the motion downward terminates. This includes both falling without any support, and 'TopplingEvent' in which a supported object leans sufficiently to one side that it falls to a more stable position (because the center of gravity is not above the supported base). For falling in freefall (not 'toppling') use 'Falling-Freefall'. CYC The collection of occurrences in which the center of gravity of the #$objectMoving moves to a lower altitude. Includes both #$Falling-Freefall and #$FallingDown. Part of this sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'fall' and verb sense 2 of 'drop' in WordNet, but this is broader, including 'toppling', as when a tree falls: The two senses appear identical, but are in different branches of the hierarchy in WordNet: 1. (46) fall - (descend in free fall under the influence of gravity; 'The branch fell from the tree'; 'The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse') WN 'drop' 2. drop - (to fall vertically; 'the bombs are dropping on enemy targets')
Super-classes	Descending^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value AltitudeValue^c isCausedBy^op value Gravity^c
Sub-classes	RainEvent^c FallingWithaCrash^c TopplingEvent^c FallingFromaStandingPosition^c FloppingDown^c PrecipitationProcess^c PantsFallingDown^c Collapsing^c Falling-Freefall^c

FallingFromaStandingPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FallingFromaStandingPosition`
Description	''FallingFromaStandingPosition'' is a ''FallingEvent'' in which a Person who is standing or walking or running (feet on the ground or floor) loses balance and falls down. This is anEvent that can cause harmto a Person's body.
Super-classes	FallingEvent^c UndesirableThing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c mayCause^op value IncurringAnInjury^c

FallingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FallingObject`
Description	A ''FallingObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is falling in freefall, i.e. not restrained by any path or object supporting it from below. Such a ''FallingObject'' is the agent in a ''Falling-Freefall'' Event. `This is disjoint with anything supported on the surface of the Earth.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Falling-Freefall^c
Sub-classes	FallingPerson^c

FallingPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FallingPerson`
Description	A ''FallingPerson'' is a ''FallingObject'' that is a ''Person'' who is falling in freefall. `This is used to describe the function of a ''Parachute''.`
Super-classes	FallingObject^c Role^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Falling-Freefall^c

FallingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FallingProcess`
Description	A moving process in which a not completely supported object moves downward under the force of gravity. Since time slice is also a #$FallingProcess, the collision with the ground or some other object is not a necessary #$subEvents as it is with #$FallingEvent.
Super-classes	FunctionalProcess^c

FallingWithaCrash^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FallingWithaCrash

Description

FallingWithaCrash is a CrashingEvent that is also a FallingEvent - a fall that ends in a collision that does some damage. A gentle drop of something from the table to the rug, doing no damage, is a FallingEvent but not a FallingWithCrash. If a glass object falls and breaks, it is a FallingWithaCrash..

      This sense corresponds to sense 1 of crash WordNet:
      by 'CollidingWithaCrash'
    in WordNet:
       1. (9) crash - (fall or come down violently; 'The branch crashed down on my car';
          'The plane crashed in the sea')

Super-classes CrashingEvent^c
FallingEvent^c

Fallout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fallout`
Description	Radioactive powder that is typically dispersed by the explosion of a nuclear weapon.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fallout' in Wordnet: 1. (10) fallout, radioactive dust - (the radioactive particles that settle to the ground after a nuclear explosion)`
Super-classes	Powder^c RadioactiveSubstance^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value NuclearExplosion^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Radioactive^c

FalseEvidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FalseEvidence`
Description	A ''FalseEvidence'' is ''Evidence'' that is presented knowing it is false, by anyone but most often by a prosecutor or member of the police, in order to convict a Person who may or may not have committed a crime. This is done when the true evidence is considered insufficient for conviction.
Super-classes	Evidence^c
Restrictions	isEvidenceFor^op only (Crime^c or ActionType^c)

FalseInaContext^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FalseInaContext

Description

''FalseInaContext'' is an Attribute of Propositions (including Assertions) that 'conform to' the Situation in some Context. if the Context is a ''FictionalContext'' then something ''FalseInaContext'' for that context is not likely to be ''FalseInTheRealWorld''.

        For 'true' and 'false' as values of a true/false assertion use ''True'' or ''False''.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Falsehood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Falsehood`
Description	An Assertion that is factually false. The person asserting this may not know it is false, therefore it is not necessarily a lie. NOTE that this is the abstract content of a false assertion, not the linguistic representation. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'falsehood' in WordNet: 1. falsehood, falsity, untruth - (a false statement)`
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#False^c
Sub-classes	Deceit^c Lie^c

Falsely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Falsely

Description

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'falsely' in Wordnet:
           1. falsely - (in an insincerely false manner; 'a seduction on my part 
               would land us with the necessity to rise, bathe and dress,
               chat falsely about this and that, and emerge into the rest
               of the evening as though nothing had happened')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Faltering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faltering`
Description	Each ''Faltering'' is a ''PausingAction'' caused by some formof uncertainty in the agent as to what to do next. This can be caused by almost anything that occurs to the agent - forgetting, observing something (such as the reaction of others) or a thought that just occurs, or any other thing. `Howeveri a 'Hesitation Waltz' the hesitation is not due to uncertainty, but planned. Not an instance of this. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'falter' in WordNet: 1. (3) falter, waver - (be unsure or weak; 'Their enthusiasm is faltering') WN noun 'faltering': 1. (1) hesitation, waver, falter, faltering - (the act of pausing uncertainly; 'there was a hesitation in his speech')`
Super-classes	PausingAction^c Role^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value StateOfUncertainty^c

Fame^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fame

Description

'Fame' is a SocialState (a PersistentState) of 'SocialSuccess' (a subtype of 'BeingRecognized') in which the recognition is spread very widely, among more than a few people, and the deed(s) for which a Person is recognized are generally considered as good things. For wide recognition for doing bad things, use 'Notoriety'. For recognition to be wide enough to apply the state of 'Fame', it can be spread among even a small community, but the community must be larger than a single family; a group larger than one in which people usually all know each other is required - perhaps at least 100 people, A person can have 'Fame' within a large corporation.

   Corresponds to the 'state' subsense of noun sense 1 of 'fame' in WordNet;
   the 'quality' is represented in COSMO by 'Famous'.   in WordNet:
   1. (8) fame, celebrity, renown - (the state or quality of 
      being widely honored and acclaimed)

Super-classes SocialSuccess^c

Familiar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Familiar`
Description	An attribute of things that are ''Well-known'', but not necessarily 'Famous' (which is a subtype). `See also 'Common'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'familiar' in WordNet: 1. (23) familiar - (well known or easily recognized; 'a familiar figure'; 'familiar songs'; 'familiar guests')`
Super-classes	Well-known^c
Sub-classes	Notorious^c Famous^c Stand-up^c

Familiarity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Familiarity`
Description	''Familiarity'' is a form of ''Knowledge'' acquired through one or more Experiences with some entity - Object or Event.. The thing with which the holder is 'familiar' is pointed to by the relation 'hasTopic'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'familiarity' in WordNet: 1. (2) acquaintance, familiarity, conversance, conversancy - (personal knowledge or information about someone or something)`
Super-classes	InformationObject^c Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c isTheResultOf^op value Experience^c

Familiarization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Familiarization`
Description	A ''Familiarization'' is a Group of ''BackgroundExperiences'' (a protracted series of ''Experience'' s) that impart to a Person a significant degree of ''Knowledge'' about the type of task performed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'familiarization' in WordNet: 1. familiarization, familiarisation - (the experience of becoming familiar with something)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c BackgroundExperiences^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Knowledgeable^c
Sub-classes	LearningExperience^c

Family-Human^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Family-Human`
Description	Cyc: A GroupOfPeople, usually related by birth and mating, sometimes by cohabiting without formal marriage. The family may be nuclear (mother, father, children) or extended (including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and sometimes more distant relatives. NOTE that no one type of family member (mother, father, child) is essential to form a family, so there are no easily identifiable absolute restrictions. Inlcludes sense 1 and 2 of 'family'in WordNet: 1. (388) family, household, house, home, menage - (a social unit living together; 'he moved his family to Virginia'; 'It was a good Christian household'; 'I waited until the whole house was asleep'; 'the teacher asked how many people made up his home') 2. (381) family, family unit - (primary social group; parents and children; 'he wanted to have a good job before starting a family')
Super-classes	KinshipGroup^c
Sub-classes	MarriedCouple^c StepFamily^c

FamilyLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FamilyLine`
Description	A 'FamilyLine'' is a ''KinshipGroup'', related by birth and mating, broader and more inclusive than ''Family-Human'', approximately the same as the technical term ''Sib''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'family line' in WordNet: 1. family, family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry - (people descended from a common ancestor; 'his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower')`
Super-classes	KinshipGroup^c
Sub-classes	Dynasty^c

FamilyNameString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FamilyNameString`
Description	A FamilyNameString is a NameString that was given to some person, at birth or by some legal process, that serves the same function as a family name or surname. In many cultures it is usually the same FamilyName as the FamilyName of the father, but that is not necessarily always true. `A particular FamilyNameString may be the FamilyName for many people.`
Super-classes	NameString^c
In range of	hasFamilyName^op hasMiddleName^op

FamilyOfTypes^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FamilyOfTypes

Description

A Sort (type) that is not at the bottom ('leaf') level in a classification scheme, having other Sorts (types) at a lower level. This is exemplified by the biological 'family' of the Linnaean classification scheme.

   @ToDo: should this be a metaclass?  See taxon types.

   Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'family' in WordNet;
   the sense of 'family' in the synset 'class, category, family' is
      also included, but 'category' and 'class' are included in
      the parent type 'Sort', which is a broader sense of categorization
      than this one, which requires some hierarchy of types.
    NOTE that a biological 'family', as well as other biological
      categorizations down to 'genus' would be a subtype of this type in WordNet:
   WN 'family'
     6. (7) family - ((biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera;
       'sharks belong to the fish family')
   WN 'category'
     1.  class (178), category (17), family (22) - (a collection of things 
         sharing a common attribute;
      'there are two classes of detergents')

Super-classes Sort^c

Famine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Famine`
Description	A ''Famine'' is a ''Disaster'' in which many people are starving due to lack of food in an area that causes intense hunger and starvation. `CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$DisasterEvent. Each instance of #$Famine is an event taking place in a contiguous geographical area in which a lot of people are undergoing #$Starvation. NOTE: the restriction requires that at least two people die of starvation in order to qualify as a ''Famine''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'famine' in WordNet: 2. famine - (a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death)`
Super-classes	Disaster^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Starvation^c causes^op value DeathOfaPerson^c hasSubEvent^op value ShortageOfFood^c

Famished^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Famished

Description

An AttributeValue of an Animal that is extremely ''Hungry''.

       NOTE:'esurient' is aso used to mean 'greedy' - a sense not included here.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'famished' in Wordnet:
         1. famished, ravenous, sharp-set, starved, esurient -
             (extremely hungry; 'they were tired and famished for food and sleep'; 
             'a ravenous boy'; 'the family was starved and ragged'; 
             'fell into the esurient embrance of a predatory enemy')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c
Hungry^c

Famotidine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Famotidine

Description

CYC: The chemical compound which is used to treat peptic acid problems.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'famotidine' in WordNet:
          1. famotidine, Pepcid - (a histamine blocker (trade name Pepcid) 
            used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux)

Super-classes DrugSubstance^c

Famous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Famous

Description

An attribute of things - people, events, objects - that have distinctive qualities that make them widely known. This is a higher degree of distinctiveness than 'Familiar' and is sufficiently distinctive to be 'Salient'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'famous', 'famed',
        'renowned', 'celebrated', 'illustrious' and 'far-famed', and 
        sense 2 of 'notable' in WordNet:
       1. (21) celebrated, famed, far-famed, famous, illustrious, notable, noted, renowned -
        (widely known and esteemed; 'a famous actor'; 'a celebrated musician';
        'a famed scientist'; 'an illustrious judge'; 'a notable historian';
        'a renowned painter')

Super-classes Salient^c
SocialStatusAttribute^c
Familiar^c

FamousHuman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FamousHuman`
Description	A specialization of #$HomoSapiens - the collection of all human beings that are #$Famous (i.e. identifiable by a large number of other human beings). See also #$HistoricHuman. `This applies to those who are famous within some specialty group, such as scientists, provided that the group is not restricted to one organization. Corresponds approximately to sense 5 of 'figure', and includes sense 2 of 'personage' in WordNet: 5. (13) name, figure, public figure - (a well-known or notable person; 'they studied all the great names in the history of France'; 'she is an important figure in modern music')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Famous^c
Sub-classes	OperaStar^c Celebrity^c RockStar^c

Famously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Famously`
Description	`Corresponds to advrerb sense 1 of 'famously' in Wordnet: 1. famously - (in a manner or to an extent that is well known; 'in his famously anecdotal style')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Fan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fan`
Description	This is a generic 'fan' whose subtypes are the hand-held and electrical varieties. As a 'Blower' it is used for ''BlowingAir''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fan' in Wordnet: 1. (4) fan - (a device for creating a current of air by movement of a surface or surfaces)`
Super-classes	Blower^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Sub-classes	Fan-ElectricalAppliance^c Fan-HandHeld^c PunkahFan^c

Fan-ElectricalAppliance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fan-ElectricalAppliance`
Description	Electric Fan appliance usually used for cooling people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electric fan' in Wordnet: 1. electric fan, blower - (a fan run by an electric motor)`
Super-classes	Fan^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BlowingAir^c hasComponentPart^op value Propeller^c

Fan-HandHeld^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fan-HandHeld

Description

CYC: The collection of hand-held fans, a typical example being oriental hand-fans.

        Instances vary and can be planar objects or folding fans that
          are compact when folded and unfold into planar objects.

Super-classes Artifact-NonAgentive^c
HandSizedObject^c
Fan^c
Device-UserPowered^c

FanEnthusiast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FanEnthusiast`
Description	A ''FanEnthusiast'' is a 'fan' of some person or team, as a performer or sports team - more generically, is a 'fan' of some Agent. `Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'fan' in WordNet: 2. (3) sports fan, fan, rooter - (an enthusiastic devotee of sports) 3. (3) fan, buff, devotee, lover - (an ardent follower and admirer)`
Super-classes	Enthusiast^c
Restrictions	isaFanOf^op some (IntentionalAgent^c or HumanActivity^c or AgentType^c) experienced^op value Enthusiasm^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c
Sub-classes	MusicAficionado^c BullfightAficionado^c

Fanatic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fanatic`
Description	A ''Fanatic'' is an ''Enthusiast'' whose intensity of commitment to some belief is such as to make a change of mind difficult and ulikely. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fanatic' in WordNet: 1. (1) fanatic, fiend - (a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause); 'A fanatic is one who can't change his mind and won't change the subject'-Winston Churchill)`
Super-classes	Enthusiast^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fanatical^c believes^op value Fanaticism^c

Fanatical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fanatical

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fanatical' in Wordnet:
         1. fanatic, fanatical, overzealous, rabid - (marked by excessive enthusiasm 
            for and intense devotion to a cause or idea; 'rabid isolationist')

Super-classes Enthusiastic^c

Fanaticism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fanaticism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fanaticism' in WordNet: 1. (2) fanaticism, fanatism, zealotry - (excessive intolerance of opposing views)`
Super-classes	Intolerance^c

Fancy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fancy

Description

Conspicuously ornamented or decorated or unusally shaped to appeal to the eyes; not plain. RHW has several senses of adjective 'fancy' but this type represents only the sense of 'decorated'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fancy' in WordNet:
       1. (3) fancy - (not plain; decorative or ornamented;
          'fancy handwriting'; 'fancy clothes')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Fang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fang`
Description	A ''Fang'' is a long ''CanineTooth'' on a ''Carnivore''. For the 'fang'of a ''Snake' use ''SnakeFang''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fang' in WordNet: 2. fang - (canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey)`
Super-classes	CanineTooth^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Carnivore^c

Fantasizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fantasizing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fantasize' in WordNet: 1. fantasy, fantasize, fantasise - (indulge in fantasies; 'he is fantasizing when he says he plans to start his own company')`
Super-classes	CreativeImagining^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Fantasy^c

Fantasy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fantasy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fantasize' in WordNet: 1. (3) fantasy, phantasy - (imagination unrestricted by reality; 'a schoolgirl fantasy')`
Super-classes	MentalImagery^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Fantasizing^c

FantasyStory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FantasyStory`
Description	A 'FantasyStory'' is a ''FictionalStory'' that includes some portrayal of a ''Fantasy'' as a significant theme. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fantasy' in WordNet: 2. (1) fantasy, phantasy - (fiction with a large amount of imagination in it; 'she made a lot of money writing romantic fantasies')`
Super-classes	FictionalStory^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value Fantasy^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LordOfTheRings

Far^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Far`
Description	Distant, on some scale (including but not only physical distance), from the current position or some normal position. This includes physical and abstract notions of 'distance'. The physical distance is represented by the subtype 'Distant'. This sense includes several more specific senses, which are represented by subtypes. For the subtype meaning 'distant' in space, use 'Distant'. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'far', sense 1 of distant' and sense 1 of 'far away' in WordNet: 1. (20) far - (at a great distance in time or space or degree; 'we come from a far country'; 'far corners of the earth'; 'the far future'; 'a far journey'; 'the far side of the road'; 'far from the truth'; 'far in the future') 2. (5) far - (being of a considerable distance or length; 'a far trek') 4. far - (beyond a norm in opinion or actions; 'the far right') WN adj 'distant': 1. (33) distant - (separated in space or coming from or going to a distance; 'distant villages'; 'the sound of distant traffic'; 'a distant sound'; 'a distant telephone call') WN adj 'far away' 1. (5) faraway, far-off - (very far away in space or time; 'faraway mountains'; 'the faraway future'; 'troops landing on far-off shores'; 'far-off happier times')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Distant^c Farther^c

Far-Reaching^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Far-Reaching

Description

''Far-Reaching'' is a form of being 'Effective'' in which the influence of the Thing having this attribute is felt by multiple people or in many places.

         No WN sense for 'far-reaching'.
         RHW adj 'far-reaching':
           extending far in influence, effect, etc.: the far-reaching effect of his speech.

        Includes part (not applying directly to People) of sense 1 of 'influential' in WordNet:
         1. (2) influential - (having or exercising influence or power;

Super-classes Effective^c

Far-flung^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Far-flung

Description

This ''Far-flung'' is for Places that are remote from some center of Activity or government or interest.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'far-flung' in Wordnet:
         2. far-flung - (remote; 'far-flung corners of the Empire')

Super-classes Distant^c

FarOut^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarOut

Description

''FarOut'' is a subtype of 'Unconventional'. an AttributeValue of human Behavior that is very unusual to the point of being very noticeable, and sometimes subject to criticism (or admiration).

          RHW adj 'far-out': (slang)
          1. unconventional; offbeat; avant-garde.
          2. radical; extreme.

        Includes adjective sense 2 of 'unconventional' and sense 1 of
            'offbeat' and part of sense 3 of 'extreme' (not including
            political extremism) in WordNet:
            2. unconventional - (not conventional or conformist; 'unconventional life styles')
         WN adj 'offbeat':
           1. (1) far-out, kinky, offbeat, quirky, way-out -
                  (informal terms; strikingly unconventional)
         WN adj 'extreme':
           3. (2) extreme - (beyond a norm in views or actions; 
               'an extreme conservative'; 'an extreme liberal';
               'extreme views on integration'; 'extreme opinions')

Super-classes HighlyUnusual^c
Salient^c
Unconventional^c

Farad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farad

Description

SI capacitance measure. Symbol: F. It is the capacitance of a capacitator between the plates of which there appears a difference of potential of 1 Volt when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to 1 Coulomb. Farad = C/V = m^(-2)kg(-1)s^4*A^2.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farad' in Wordnet:
       1. farad, F - (the capacitance of a capacitor that has an equal 
       and opposite charge of 1 coulomb on each plate and a voltage difference 
       of 1 volt between the plates)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Farce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farce`
Description	A ''Farce'' is a ''Comedy'' that gets humorous effect from unlikely Events or situations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farce' in WordNet: 1. (2) farce, farce comedy, travesty - (a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations)`
Super-classes	Comedy^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value SocialInteraction^c describes^op value SocialInteraction^c

Fare^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fare

Description

''Fare'' is an Attribute of a transportation service that specifies what quantity of money must be given in exchange for being transported in some vehicle - taxicab, airplane, train, or other.

   "RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger"       
   isAnAttributeValueOf" TransportationServiceEvent
   isAnAttributeOf"

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fare' in WordNet:
         2. fare, transportation - (the sum charged for riding in a public conveyance)

Super-classes Fee^c

FarewellGesture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarewellGesture`
Description	A 'FarewellGesture'' is a ''Gesture'' signifying good wishes, made in a ''PartingCompany'' Action. It may consist of a hand wave, a kiss, or a hug, nodding, or ''Bowing'' (especially in Japan) among other ways.
Super-classes	Gesture^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op some PartingCompany^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

FarewellPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarewellPhrase`
Description	A 'GreetingPhrase' (Group of Words) used when parting from a Person. This includes 'farewell' and 'good bye' and 'goood night' type phrases.
Super-classes	GreetingPhrase^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Good_night

Farm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farm`
Description	The piece of RealEstate (the physical objects occupying the Earth's surface in some geographical area) which serves as the place of production for crops or animals raised for sale. Does not include kitchen gardens where edible plants may be grown for personal use. Minimum size - 1 acre? RHW noun sense 1: a tract of land, usually with a house, barn, silo, etc., on which crops and often livestock are raised for livelihood. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'farm' in WordNet, including raising animals whether or not land is cultivated: in WordNet: 1. (49) farm - (workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit; 'it takes several people to work the farm')
Super-classes	RealEstate^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value AgricultureOrHusbandry^c hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet^dp value 43560.0^c
Sub-classes	Vineyard^c DairyFarm^c

FarmAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmAnimal`
Description	A 'DomesticatedAnimal' raised on a 'farm', to produce foods (as milk or eggs) or serve as a source of food (as meat). In this sense a 'farm' can include a back yard, where (e.g.) people raise chickens, and includes the subtype ''RangeAnimal'' that is herbivorous and feeds on plants growing on its 'range'. `NOTE: the term 'livestock' is usually used in the collective sense, but 'farm animal' is singular. The WN synset is used both for the singular (this type) and the collective, represented as the separate type ''Livestock''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'farm animal' and sense 1 of'livestock' in WordNet: 1. livestock, stock, farm animal - (not used technically; any animals kept for use or profit)`
Super-classes	DomesticatedAnimal^c (Mammal^c or Poultry^c)
Sub-classes	RangeAnimal^c

FarmBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmBuilding`
Description	Any building located on a farm. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farm building' in WordNet: 1. (1) farm building - (a building on a farm)`
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Farm^c
Sub-classes	Farmhouse^c Barn^c FarmStable^c ChickenCoop^c

FarmBusiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmBusiness`
Description	A Farm, considered as a business that grows crops or raises animals for sale. Most 'kitchen gardens' would not qualify. Note that in Cyc a Farm is an Organization, but in COSMO we allow individuals to have farms without the formality of forming an Organization. `NOTE: in COSMO a Farm is not an Organization, as in Cyc. Cyc: The collection of farms considered as functioning organizations. NOTE: WordNet does not distinguish the place 'farm' from the business, so there is only one sense that is not this sense: in WordNet: 1. (49) farm - (workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit; 'it takes several people to work the farm')`
Super-classes	Role^c Business^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value CommercialFarming^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#McGregorsFarm

FarmDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmDevice`
Description	A ''Device'' that is designed for, used for, or adaptable to use on a ''Farm'' - use for farming-specific operations.
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value AgricultureOrHusbandry^c
Sub-classes	Plow^c Cultivator^c FarmMachine^c

FarmMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmMachine`
Description	A ''MechanicalDevice'' that is designed for, used for, or adaptable to use on a ''Farm'' - use for farming-specific operations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farm machine' in Wordnet: 1. farm machine - (a machine used in farming)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c FarmDevice^c
Sub-classes	Reaper^c FarmTractor^c

FarmStable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmStable`
Description	A ''FarmStable'' is a ''FarmBuilding'' for housing horses or cattle and sometimes other quadrupeds. `RHW: 1. a building for the lodging and feeding of horses, cattle, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stable' in WordNet: 1. (3) stable, stalls, horse barn - (a farm building for housing horses or other livestock)`
Super-classes	ShelterConstruction^c FarmBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value FarmAnimal^c

FarmTractor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmTractor`
Description	A ''FarmTractor'' is a traditional old-fashioned ''Tractor'' that is a ''FarmMachine'' designed for pulling a plow and perhaps other devices used in preparing the soil, planting seeds or harvesting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tractor' in WordNet: 1. (3) tractor - (a wheeled vehicle with large wheels; used in farming and other applications)`
Super-classes	FarmMachine^c Tractor^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value GrowingPlants^c isUsedInAction^op value CommercialFarming^c

FarmWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmWorker`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who work as hired help on a farm to make a living. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farm worker' in WordNet: 1. farmhand, fieldhand, field hand, farm worker - (a hired hand on a farm)`
Super-classes	UnskilledWorker^c BlueCollarWorker^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Farm^c
Sub-classes	Sower^c MigrantFarmWorker^c Sycophant^c SoilTiller^c

Farmer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farmer`
Description	COSMO note: a Farmer is distinguished from other FarmWorkers in that the Farmer owns or is a part owner of, a FarmBusiness. @ToDo: should Farmer be operator, as in WordNet? Cyc: A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Farmer is a person who makes (or significantly supplements) his or her income by farming, where farming includes such activities as growing vegetables, grain, or fruit crops, dairy farming, and raising livestock (e.g., cattle, pigs, sheep, fish) for their meat or other animal products (e.g., wool). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'farmer' in Wordnet, requiring some ownership in, not merely operator of a Farm: in WordNet: 1. (29) farmer, husbandman, granger, sodbuster - (a person who operates a farm)
Super-classes	BlueCollarWorker^c
Restrictions	hasOwnershipIn^op some FarmBusiness^c
Sub-classes	Rancher^c Agriculturist^c Planter^c

Farmhouse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farmhouse

Description

A house on a farm, where the farmers live.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farmhouse' in WordNet:
       1. (3) farmhouse - (house for a farmer and family)

Super-classes House^c
FarmBuilding^c

Farmland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farmland`
Description	''Farmland'' is an ''ArableLand'' of any size on which one or more ''Farm''s are located. This does not include ''Garden''s even if edible foods are produced there; the products of 'farmland' must be produced primarily for sale. This also includes arable land where animals are raised, but not a 'ranch' where the land is not suitable for raising crops. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'farmland' in WordNet: 2. cultivated land, farmland, plowland, ploughland, tilled land, tillage, tilth - (arable land that is worked by plowing and sowing and raising crops)`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c Artifact-Generic^c ArableLand^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Farm^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value CommercialFarming^c

Farmyard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farmyard`
Description	The area adjacent to the buildings on a Farm. This excludes any tracts of cultivated land which are parts of a farm, but are not near the farm buildings. A Farmyard may contain enclosures for animals, but is not necessarily enclosed. `RHW: 'a yard or enclosure surrounded by or connected with farm buildings' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farmyard' in WordNet: 1. farmyard - (an area adjacent to farm buildings)`
Super-classes	RealEstate^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Farm^c isAdjacentTo^op some FarmBuilding^c

Farsighted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farsighted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'farsighted' in WordNet: 2. farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, long, longsighted - (planning prudently for the future; 'large goals that required farsighted policies'; 'took a long view of the geopolitical issues')`
Super-classes	Prudent^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait^op value Foresight^c

Farther^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farther`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'farther' in Wordnet: 1. (2) farther - (more distant in especially space or time; 'they live in the farther house')`
Super-classes	Far^c

Farting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farting`
Description	The Action of expelling gas from the intestine through the anus. The parent type 'involuntary' is not always true, but mostly true - the action cannot be performed at will, only when the intestine is ready.. `CYC ('Flatulence)': Slang: passing gas Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fart' and part of WN non 'flatulence' (the actual passing gas, not the condition) in WordNet: 1. fart, break wind - (expel intestinal gases through the anus) WN noun 'farting' 1. fart, farting, flatus, wind, breaking wind - (a reflex that expels intestinal gas through the anus) WN noun 'flatulence': 1. flatulence, flatulency, gas - (a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal)`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c BodyMovementEvent^c InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value AmbientAirObject^c hasStartingPlace^op value Intestine^c hadEmittedThing^op value IntestinalGas^c

Fascinated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fascinated

Description

''Fascinated'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing the Feeling of ''Fascination'' about something.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fascinated' in WordNet:
           2. fascinated - (intensely interested in or attracted by; 
                'I'm very interested in birds; in fact I'm fascinated by them')

Super-classes Interested^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Fascinating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fascinating

Description

''Fascinating'' is an AttributeValue of something that causes a Feeling of ''Fascination' ( a more itense feeling than just one of 'interest') in a Person.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fascinating' in Wordnet:
           1. (8) absorbing, engrossing, fascinating, gripping, riveting -
             (capable of arousing and holding the attention; 'a fascinating story')

Super-classes Interesting^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

FascinatingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FascinatingaPerson`
Description	Each ''FascinatingaPerson'' is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to be in a state of ''Fascination'' - a strong sense of 'interest',causing an agent to pay attention. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fascinate' in WordNet: 1. (3) intrigue, fascinate - (cause to be interested or curious)`
Super-classes	InterestingaPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fascinating^c alwaysCauses^op value Fascination^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Fascinated^c

Fascination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fascination`
Description	''Fascination'' is a strong Feeling of ''Interest'' that causes a person to pay more than a little attention to something. As a DirectedFeeling, the 'something' that one has an Interest in is related by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fascination' in WordNet: 1. (2) fascination, captivation - (the state of being intensely interested (as by awe or terror))`
Super-classes	Interest^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some owl:Thing^c causes^op some Perceiving-Voluntary^c
Sub-classes	Enchantment^c

Fascism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fascism

Description

A ''Fascism'' is a political ideology that considers an 'authoritarian' form of government as optimal.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fascism' in WordNet:
         1. (2) fascism - (a political theory advocating an authoritarian
            hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism))

Super-classes Conservatism^c

Fascist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fascist`
Description	A ''Fascist'' is a ''Rightist'' that supports the ideology of 'fascism'. `CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Person who subscribe to the doctrines of fascism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fascist' in WordNet: 1. fascist - (an adherent of fascism or other right-wing authoritarian views)`
Super-classes	Rightist^c
Restrictions	hasCauseOrAgentSupported^op value Fascism^c
Sub-classes	Nazi^c

Fascistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fascistic

Description

'Fascistic'' is an intense subattribute of ''Right-Wing'' characterizing people who support 'fascism'.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fascistic' in Wordnet:
    1. fascist, fascistic - (relating to or characteristic of fascism;
       'fascist propaganda')

Super-classes Right-Wing^c

Fashion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fashion`
Description	Fashion is the behavioral preferences regarding what clothing to wear and how to dress and behave, that are currently most prevalent in some local community at the time indicated. Different communities have different preferences in fashion. Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'fashion' in RHW: 1. a prevailing custom or style of dress, etiquette, socializing, etc.: the latest fashion in dresses. 2. conventional usage in dress, manners, etc., esp. of polite society, or conformity to it: the dictates of fashion; to be out of fashion. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fashion' and noun sense 5 of 'style' and sense 1 of 'vogue' in WordNet: WN 'fashion' 3. (2) fashion - (the latest and most admired style in clothes and cosmetics and behavior) WN 'style': 5. (60) vogue, trend, style - (the popular taste at a given time; 'leather is the latest vogue'; 'he followed current trends'; 'the 1920s had a style of their own')
Super-classes	StylePreference^c
Sub-classes	RetroFashion^c Bandwagon^c Fad^c

FashionBoutique^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FashionBoutique

Description

A ''FashionBoutique'' is a ''Boutique'' primarily focused on women's clothing and accessories. But this is not just the women's clothing department of a large department store. It has to be more specialized and somewhat separate from a main store, if a part of a larger store.

       This corresponds roughly to the  sense 1 from RHW:
           RHW 'boutique':
             1.  a small shop or a small specialty department within a larger store,
                esp. one that sells fashionable clothes and accessories or a special 
                selection of other merchandise.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boutique' in WordNet:
          1. boutique, dress shop - (a shop that sells women's clothes and jewelry)

Super-classes Boutique^c

FashionDesign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FashionDesign`
Description	''FashionDesign'' is the act of designing the shape, style, and color of ''FashionableClothing''
Super-classes	DesigningEvent^c SkilledTrade^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FashionableClothing^c

FashionDesigner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FashionDesigner`
Description	Decorator designs a plan for interor decoration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fashion designer' in WordNet: 1. couturier, fashion designer, clothes designer, designer - (someone who designs clothing)`
Super-classes	Designer^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FashionDesign^c

FashionModel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FashionModel

Description

A person (not necessarily female) who wears clothing in an event (live or photographed0 to display the clothing, usually to potential buyers.

       Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'model' in WordNet:
       8. mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin, fashion model, model -
          (a woman who wears clothes to display fashions; 'she was too fat to be a mannequin')

Super-classes HumanRole^c

Fashionable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fashionable`
Description	A QualitativeAttributeValue of Objects or places or Actions that conform to the current social fashions (not necessarily common) or are currently popular or were currently popular at some time. For manners of dress that are currently considered as up-to-date and pleasing,use ''Stylish''. This type characterizes both behavior and appearance of objects other than clothing, as in 'fashionable cafe', 'fashionable resort'. For 'fashionable' as specifically applied to manners of dress, use type 'Stylish'. The sense of 'fashionable' for places, meaning that the place has become popular, is included in this type, but is more specifically represented by the subtype 'FashionablyPopular'.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fashionable' and sense 2 of 'stylish' and adjective sense 3 of 'in' in WordNet, however the subtypes 'FashionablyPopular' and 'Stylish' distinguish the meanings that relate to objects and to people, respectively. in WordNet: WN 'fashionable' 1. (3) fashionable, stylish - (being or in accordance with current social fashions; 'fashionable clothing'; 'the fashionable side of town'; 'a fashionable cafe') WN 'in' 3. in - (currently fashionable; 'the in thing to do'; 'large shoulder pads are in')
Super-classes	Conforming^c
Sub-classes	FashionablyPopular^c CoolAndOuttasight^c Funky^c Classy^c

FashionableClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FashionableClothing`
Description	A ''FashionableClothing'' is a''Group'' of ''Attire'' (clothing) that is worn alone or together with other ''Clothing'' objects or ''ClothingAaccessory'' items that are not a traditional part of that group.
Super-classes	Clothing^c ObjectGroup^c Attire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fashionable^c

FashionableTaste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FashionableTaste`
Description	''FashionableTaste'' is a ''TasteInThings'' that induces the Person so feeling to perform ''WearingFashinableClothing''.
Super-classes	TasteInThings^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value WearingFashionableClothing^c

FashionablyPopular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FashionablyPopular

Description

A QualitativeAttributeValue of Objects or places that conform to the current social fashions. This is primarily related to appearance, but some aspects of behavior can be included, as in 'fashionable cafe', 'fashionable resort'. For 'fashionable' as applied to people, use type 'Stylish'. The sense of 'fashionable' for places, meaning that the place has become popular, is included in this type, but is more specifically represented by the type 'FashionablyPopular'..

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fashionable' in WordNet:
      1. (3) fashionable, stylish - (being or in accordance with current social fashions;
        'fashionable clothing'; 'the fashionable side of town'; 'a fashionable cafe')

Super-classes Fashionable^c

FashioningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FashioningSomething`
Description	A specialization of #$ShapingSomething and #$MakingSomething in which a non-#$ComplexPhysicalObject #$InanimateThing-NonNatural is given its shape, or has its shape altered, through the #$PurposefulAction of an #$Agent. Common examples include #$Carving wood into a table leg, or #$Sculpting mashed potatoes on your plate. Some assembly is tolerated; for example, since #$Table-PieceOfFurniture isn't a #$ComplexPhysicalObject, the creation of one is eligible to be a #$FashioningSomething. Examples of non-agentive shaping, such as a #$Container imposing a shape on its #$FluidTangibleThing contents, are excluded. #$Events in which more than one thing plays the #$objectActedOn role are excluded, so, for example, instances of #$Mob and #$Group aren't the #$objectActedOn in a #$FashioningSomething, as are instances of #$Events such as #$MakingFileOfPapers. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fashion' in WordNet: 1. (8) fashion, forge - (make out of components (often in an improvising manner); 'She fashioned a tent out of a sheet and a few sticks')`
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Crocheting^c LayeringAnObject^c Sewing^c CraftingObjects^c Woodworking^c Extruding^c WorkingaMetalObject^c

Fast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fast`
Description	'Fast' is an AttributeValue that attributes a rapid motion or ability to move rapidly to objects; it has many nuances of meaning, depending on the entity that it modifies, but the thing modified must be a PhysicalObject (for modifying Events, use 'Quick'). The simpler cases would be 'fast car' - a car that is capable of travelling faster than the typical car. More subtle senses are 'fast track' in racing - a track that, by virtue of its attributes, allows cars (or horses) to go faster than on other tracks (or on the same track at other times). However, this type modifies objects, not Events or other Attributes, so it does not correspond to the sense 'quickly' (use type 'Quickly') and does not have an adverbial interpretation. In the WordNet sense 1 of 'fast', the sense of 'fast film' is included. This is also included as a borderline sense for this type, since it means that the film can obtain an image more quickly than others at the same light intensity. Examples: 'fast freight' (a freight train that goes faster than most); 'fast ball' (baseball pitch). For events or actions that proceed more quickly than normal or expected, use the type 'Quick'. The COSMO term ''Swift'' should be used to describe the ability of animals to move quickly. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fast' and sense 1 of 'speedy' and sense 2 of 'rapid' and parts of adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'quick' in WordNet: 1. (22) fast - (acting or moving or capable of acting or moving quickly; 'fast film'; 'on the fast track in school'; 'set a fast pace'; 'a fast car') WN 'speedy': 1. (2) rapid, speedy - (characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed; 'a rapid movement'; 'a speedy car'; 'a speedy errand boy') WN adj 'quick': 1. (20) quick, speedy - (accomplished rapidly and without delay; 'was quick to make friends'; 'his quick reaction prevented an accident'; 'hoped for a speedy resolution of the problem'; 'a speedy recovery'; 'he has a right to a speedy trial') 3. (2) agile, nimble, quick, spry - (moving quickly and lightly; 'sleek and agile as a gymnast'; 'as nimble as a deer'; 'nimble fingers'; 'quick of foot'; 'the old dog was so spry it was halfway up the stairs before we could stop it') WN adj 'swift': 1. (15) fleet, swift - (moving very fast; 'fleet of foot'; 'the fleet scurrying of squirrels'; 'a swift current'; 'swift flight of an arrow'; 'a swift runner')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	High-Speed^c

Fast-Growing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fast-Growing`
Description	''FastGrowing'' is an adjective characterizing anything that is rapidly 'growing', i.e, increasing in size in any manner. `Includes but is broader (includes animals, economies, businesses) than adjective sense 1 of 'fast-growing' in Wordnet: 1. (1) aggressive, fast-growing, strong-growing - (tending to spread quickly; 'an aggressive tumor')`
Super-classes	Growing^c
Sub-classes	GrowingAggressively^c FastestGrowing^c

FastBall^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FastBall

Description

A ''FastBall'' is a ''BaseballPitch'' event in which the bal is thrown with the maximum speed that a pitcher can produce, with littleor no attempt spin the ball to make it move unpredictably.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fastball' in WordNet:
          1. (2) fastball, heater, smoke, hummer, bullet - ((baseball) 
            a pitch thrown with maximum velocity; 'he swung late on the fastball'; 
            'he showed batters nothing but smoke')

Super-classes BaseballPitch^c

Fastener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fastener`
Description	A PhysicalObject whose purpose is to attach one thing to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc. For cases where a quantity of cement or glue, or a piece of tape is used for Fastening, use the parent type 'FasteningObject'. This type is reserved for 'SolidObjects'. NOTE that a piece of lacing (such as a shoelace) or one loop of a thread that is sewn into objects to hold them together is also a 'Fastener' In SUMO called 'AttachingDevice'. Tools that apply Fasteners (hammer, stapler) are FasteningTools. In Cyc called 'Connector' Cyc: A specialization of #$NonPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Connector is a device which connects two objects. An instance of #$Connector may be a part incorporated into one or both of the objects connected, or it may be a totally separate device. Notable specializations of #$Connector include #$Staple, #$Pin, and #$Nail. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fastener' in WordNet: 2. fastener, fastening, holdfast, fixing - (restraint that attaches to something or holds something in place)
Super-classes	FasteningObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c Connector^c
Sub-classes	Screw-Connector^c Cufflink^c Staple^c Noose^c Nut-TheDevice^c Clamp^c ShowerCurtainRing^c Zipper^c SafetyPin^c AttachedPin^c Rivet^c Stapler^c Nail^c Clasp^c HairPin^c Hook^c ClothesPin^c Clip^c Spike^c StraightPin^c Lacing^c LoopedRubberBand^c Link^c Stitch^c TaperedScrew^c ChainClip^c CatchFastener^c Lock^c Button^c PortalCatch^c BeltBuckle^c

FastenerType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FastenerType`
Description	FastenerType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Fasteners and an argument restriction for various relations on specific Fasteners. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. NOTE that we allow instances of DeviceType to be considered as a type of agent.
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	Fastener Shoelace Lacing

Fastening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fastening`
Description	Fastening is an Action in which some Agent uses a 'Fastener' to create a connection between two PhysicalObjects, and the Fastener becomes part of the final object. A quantity of cement or glue can serve as the Fastener - it need not be a SolidObject. NOTE that relation 'wasFacilitatedByInstrument' does not point to FasteningTool because some Fastenings just use glue or tape, and do not need a tool such as a hammer or stapler or SewingNeedle. the inverse relation is asserted on FasteningTools. @ToDo: the restriction would best be for a 'FastgeningObjectType' but that is not yet represented in COSMO. In Cyc called 'ConnectingTogether', and is a subtype of Cyc: A specialization of both #$AttachmentEvent and #$ActionOnObject (q.v.). In a #$ConnectingTogether event, two or more tangible things get physically connected together (attached) by means of some sort of connector or fastener. Specializations of this collection include #$Riveting, #$Splicing, and #$ChemicalBonding. Note that a #$ConnectingTogether need not be a #$Movement-TranslationEvent, since the objects being connected may be already at rest with respect to each other. Corresponds part of sense 1 of 'attach' and sense 2 of 'secure' (for physical objects only)1 of 'fasten' in WordNet: 1. (23) attach - (cause to be attached) 1. (13) fasten, fix, secure - (cause to be firmly attached; 'fasten the lock onto the door'; 'she fixed her gaze on the man') WN noun 'fastening': 2. fastening, attachment - (the act of fastening things together)
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c Attaching^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op some FastenerType^c
Sub-classes	ButtoningUp^c Riveting^c Bonding^c Nailing^c AnchoringaBoat^c Buttoning^c HingingAnObject^c ThumbTacking^c LockingSomething^c Pinning^c TyingInaBow^c TyingTogether^c Zippering^c Welding^c
In domain of	hadObjectFastened^op

FasteningObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FasteningObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject whose purpose is to attach one thing to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc. For generality, COSMO allows a quantity of cement or glue or a piece of tape to be categorized as a 'Fastener' - but this must still be a specific quantity of glue, as this is a PhysicalObject, not a PhysicalSubstance. To restrict the interpretation to objects that are solid and designed for Fastening, use 'Fastener'. A piece of double-stick tape that is manufactured and sold in pieces that are to be used without cutting would be a 'Fastener'; the more specific type is used when the Fastener does not have to be partitioned or dispensed from a larger quantity of substance-like stuff (liquid or a roll of tape). `Tools that apply FasteningObjects (hammer, stapler) are FasteningTools. This more general type is used to make the Action of 'Fastening' inclusive of the different ways things are connected together.`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Fastening^c
Sub-classes	Fastener^c AdhesiveTape^c

FasteningTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FasteningTool`
Description	A tool such as a screwdrive or hammer or stapler, or a SewingNeedle, used in a FasteningAction, but does not itself become attached to or part of the object that has been fastened.
Super-classes	HandTool^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Fastening^c
Sub-classes	SewingNeedle^c

Faster^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faster

Description

'Faster' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some object or process a rate that is higher (relative to some reference rate). Usually used in reference to motion velocity, but the rate of any Process can be thus characterized.

        Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'faster' in WordNet:
          1. (3) quicker, faster - (more quickly)

Super-classes ComparativeAttributeValue^c

Fastest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fastest

Description

''Fastest'' is An AttributeValue characterizing both PhysicalObjects that have the capability of moving under their own power, and of processes that can achieve some measurable degree of change in some interval of time, and of Events that go to completion in some measurable interval of time, specifying that in some specific Group in some category the thing characterized took the least time for some amount of accomplishment.

       NW has no synset for this concept.

Super-classes ComparativeAttributeValue^c

FastestGrowing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FastestGrowing

Description

''FastestGrowing'' is a superlative of ''FastGrowing'' , characterizing anything that grows 'most' rapidly or with unusual speed.

       Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'exploding' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) exploding - (increasing suddenly and with uncontrolled rapidity;
            'the world's exploding population')

Super-classes Fast-Growing^c

Fastidious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fastidious

Description

''Fastidious'' is a property of a ''Person'' who is very selective about what s/he will accept for her/his own use.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fastidious' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) fastidious - (giving careful attention to detail;
             hard to please; excessively concerned with cleanliness; 
             'a fastidious and incisive intellect'; 'fastidious about personal cleanliness')

Super-classes Selective^c

Fat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fat`
Description	'Fat' is an AttributeValue that specifies that an animal (including people) has a significantly above average amount of fatty tissue, causing a noticeably larger girth around the middle, and often also excess flesh elsewhere on the body. For people, this signifies even more weight than merely being 'overweight', which may not be conspicuous. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fat' and sense 2 of 'stout' in WordNet: 1. (22) fat - (having much flesh (especially fat); 'he hadn't remembered how fat she was') WN 'stout' 2. (2) portly, stout - (euphemisms for 'fat'; 'men are portly and women are stout')`
Super-classes	Overweight^c
Sub-classes	Obese^c

FatFree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FatFree`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fat-free' in Wordnet: 1. nonfat, fat-free, fatless - (without fat or fat solids; 'nonfat or fat-free milk')`
Super-classes	Lacking^c

Fatal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fatal

Description

''Fatal'' is a property of an Event that causes ''Death''.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fatal' in WordNet:
             1. (6) fatal - (bringing death)

Super-classes Lethal^c
Destructive^c

Fatally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fatally

Description

''Fatally'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify adjectves to assert that the action referenced by the adjective causes or caused ''Death''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fatally' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) fatally - (with fatal consequences or implications;
              'he was fatally ill equipped for the climb')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Fate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fate

Description

Fate is a vaguely described being or force that may or may not have some kind of volitional powers, but in some sense 'determines' what will happen in the future. As of v 0.52 this type also includes 'The Fates', the mythological goddesses of destiny.

      For the 'fate' that is the Event or Events that will happen to a Person,
         considered as a (?inevitable?) part of that Person's life,
         use ''Destiny''.

      This corresponds to sense 2 of 'fate' in RHW:
      2. the universal principle or ultimate agency by which the order of things 
         is presumably prescribed; the decreed cause of events; time:
         Fate decreed that they would never meet again.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fate' and sense 2 of 'destiny' in WordNet:
      2. Destiny, Fate - (the ultimate agency that predetermines the course of events 
       (often personified as a woman); 'we are helpless in the face of Destiny')

Super-classes SupernaturalBeing^c
MythicalThing^c

Father^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Father`
Description	A 'Father' is a MalePerson that is in some sense a 'father' - biological father, adoptive father, foster father, step father. The subtypes are more specific. This implies that there is a child related by the 'isTheFatherOf' relation. `This is for human fathers, and corresponds to CYC 'HumanFather'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'father' in WordNet: 1. (72) father, male parent, begetter - (a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father); 'his father was born in Atlanta')`
Super-classes	MalePerson^c Kinsman^c HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalFather^c Grandfather^c FatherInLaw^c FosterFather^c

FatherInLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FatherInLaw`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'father-in-law' in WordNet: 1. father-in-law - (the father of your spouse)`
Super-classes	InLaw^c Father^c
Restrictions	isTheFatherOf^op value Spouse^c

Fathoming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fathoming`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fathom' in Wordnet: 1. (4) penetrate, fathom, bottom - (come to understand)`
Super-classes	Comprehending^c

Fatness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fatness`
Description	''Fatness'' is the ''BodyProperty'' of the ''Body'' of an ''Animal'' (including people) that has a body weight greater than the optimal range of weights.. RHW 'avoirdupois': 2. Informal. bodily weight: He carries around a lot of excess avoirdupois. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fatness' in WordNet: 1. fatness, fat, blubber, avoirdupois - (excess bodily weight; 'she disliked fatness in herself as well as in others')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c BodyProperty^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Fat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c
Sub-classes	Obesity^c

Fatty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fatty

Description

Being ''Abounding'' in some ''FattySubstance'', but not necessarily composed predominantly of ''FattySubstance''. 'fatty tissue' may have less than a majority of its weight being ''FattySubstance'', but more than the average for that kind of tissue.

       NOTE that this is a composition, not a 'feel' attribute, so 'greasy' has some similarity,
          but is not a direct parent or subtype.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fatty' in WordNet:
         1. (1) fatty, fat - (containing or composed of fat; 'fatty food'; 'fat tissue')

Super-classes Abounding^c

FattySubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FattySubstance`
Description	A 'FattySubstance' is a greasy, non-water-soluble organic material, which may be a mixture, and is of a type that is found in living cells. Subtypes include the more specific chemical categories such as 'Lipid', 'Triglyceride', Sterol'. `NOTE: this is not a 'lipid' per se, which is a more technical concept, though the properties are close. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fat' in WordNet: 1. (2) fat - (a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); 'pizza has too much fat')`
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Lipid^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fatty^c
Sub-classes	EdibleFat^c Butterfat^c Lipid^c

FattyTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FattyTissue`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$FattyTissue found in the body of an #$Animal. See #$EdibleFat for the fat that one eats. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fatty tissue' in WordNet: 1. adipose tissue, fat, fatty tissue - (a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; it also cushions and insulates vital organs; 'fatty tissue protected them from the severe cold')`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c ConnectiveTissue^c
Sub-classes	BoneMarrow^c

Faucet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faucet`
Description	Each ''Faucet'' is a 'Valve' that is open on one end and connected to a supply of Liquid on the other end. Instantiating a ''Faucet'' requires that the substance it supplies be specified. `The supply of liquid may be quite large, and delivered by a long series of pipes, as in a water supply system. This includes fire hydrants, and water faucets in a kitchen or bathroom, as well as the subtype ''Tap'' used in a keg or cask. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faucet' in Wordnet: 1. (1) faucet, spigot - (a regulator for controlling the flow of a liquid from a reservoir)`
Super-classes	UsefulSource^c Valve^c FlowRegulator^c
Restrictions	controls^op value LiquidMotion^c isaSourceOf^op some FluidType^c

Fault^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fault`
Description	'Fault' is a Responsibility for some past UndesirableEvent. @ToDo: perhaps should create an 'isTheFaultOf' specialized relation??? See 'isaResponsibilityOf' and 'hasResponsibility', but needs careful axiomatization. At this point this is also 'guilt' in the sense of being the guilty party in some 'UndesirableEvent'. For 'guilt' as a Feeling, see 'Guilt'; for 'guilt' in the sense of responsibility for an infraction of some rule, see the subtype 'Guiltiness' This is not 'fault' in the sense of some 'Imperfection' (which see). This coresponds to sense 2 of 'responsibility' in RHW, but that sense of 'responsibility' does not appear in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fault' and noun sense 1 of 'guilt' and implies adjective sense 2 of 'responsible' in WordNet: 1. (346) fault - (responsibility for a bad situation or event; 'it was John's fault') WN adjective 'responsible': 2. (1) responsible, responsible for - (being the agent or cause; 'determined who was the responsible party'; 'termites were responsible for the damage')
Super-classes	Responsibility^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some UndesirableEvent^c
Sub-classes	Guiltiness^c

FaultFinder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaultFinder`
Description	A ''FaultFinder' is a Person, who habitually and annoyingly engages in ''Criticizing''.. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'faultfinder' and noun sense 3 of 'critic' in WordNet: 1. cynic, faultfinder - (someone who is critical of the motives of others) WN noun 'critic' : 3. critic - (someone who frequently finds fault or makes harsh and unfair judgments)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Criticizing^c
Sub-classes	Detractor^c Cynic^c

Faulty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Faulty

Description

The property of having a ''Fault''. Very close to ''Flawed'' - difference?

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'faulty' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) faulty - (characterized by errors; 'he submitted a faulty report')

Super-classes Flawed^c

Favor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Favor

Description

A 'Favor' is an 'AltruisticAction' that does not usually require a major effort on the part of the Agent performing the action - though Favors do come in a range of efforts from small to big favors. It may be hard to distinguish a Favor from other AltruisticActions. One difference is that Favors are done directly for other people known to the altruistic agent, and are often requested by the person being helped. An AltruisticAction performed in an unanticipated situation, such as saving a person from drowning, is not a Favor. Donating to a charity is not a Favor in this sense, even if it is done at the request of someone else. Helping a neighbor with some chores is a Favor, and privately lending someone money under non-commercial conditions (some condition more favorable than a commercial loan - interest rate, speed and informality) is a Favor. Driving someone who cannot drive themselves, without being paid, is a Favor. The borderlines are vague.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'favor' in WordNet:
        1. (12) favor, favour - (an act of gracious kindness)

Super-classes AltruisticAction^c

Favorable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Favorable

Description

''Favorable'' is an attribute of people, situations, times, or events that can at least potentially assist or provide an opportunity for an agent to achieve its goals.

       Includes adjective senses 1 of 'favorable' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) favorable, favourable - (encouraging or approving or pleasing; 
            'a favorable reply'; 'he received a favorable rating'; 
            'listened with a favorable ear'; 'made a favorable impression')
     2. (1) favorable, favourable -
           ((of winds or weather) tending to promote or facilitate;
           'the days were fair and the winds were favorable')
         5. favorable, favourable - (occurring at a convenient or suitable time;
             'an opportune time to receive guests')

Super-classes Beneficial^c

Favorably^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Favorably`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'favorably' in Wordnet: 1. (3) favorably, favourably - (showing approval; 'he reviewed the play favorably')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Favoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Favoring`
Description	Each ''Favoring'' is a ''Preferring'' (a StaticSituation) in which an agent has a stronger feeling of 'Preference'. for one of two entities. `Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'favor' and part of verb sense 1 in WordNet: 3. (1) favor, favour - (an inclination to approve; 'that style is in favor this season') 4. favor, favour - (a feeling of favorable regard) WN verb 'favor': 1. (17) prefer, favor, favour - (promote over another; 'he favors his second daughter')`
Super-classes	Preferring^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value ExpressingApproval^c usesResource^op value ListOfAlternatives^c

Favorite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Favorite`
Description	Each 'Favorite' is an entity or type of entity that is the favorite (most liked or most preferred) of its type (or metatype) for some IntentionalAgent person, animal, Organization). Each Favorite is therefore a Role played by some entity, and that Role must specify the type of thing of which it is the favorite, and the Agent for whom it is the favorite of that type. The restrictions require specifying agent and the type of the favorite. As a Role, it may change with time (people can change their tastes). Linguistically, the word 'favorite' may need to be represented as a function that determines what entity or type of entity is the favorite, and for whom it is a favorite, and then to assign this role of 'Favorite' to that entity or type of entity. In Cyc some kinds of 'favorites' are specified by functions, such as 'FavoriteNumberOfFn'. Such functions might be automatically constructable from instances of Favorite. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'favorite' in WordNet: 1. (5) favorite, favourite - (something regarded with special favor or liking; 'that book is one of my favorites')
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	isaFavoriteOf^op some IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Sweetheart^c
In domain of	isTheEntity^op isaFavoriteOfType^op isaFavoriteOf^op
In range of	hasFavoriteThing^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BlueColor

Fawn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fawn

Description

''Fawn'' is a young ''Deer''.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fawn' in WordNet:
        2. fawn - (young deer)

Super-classes Deer^c
JuvenileAnimal^c

Fawning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fawning

Description

''Fawning'' is a subtype of ''Insincere'' for ''Assertion''s or Actions that are intended to make the Person addressed to feel favorably toward the person making the assertion or doing the Action.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fawning' in Wordnet:
        1. bootlicking, fawning, obsequious, sycophantic, toadyish -
          (attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery)
        2. bootlicking, fawning, sycophantic, toadyish -
             (attempting to win favor by flattery)

Super-classes PartlyTrue^c

FaxCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaxCopy`
Description	A ''FaxCopy'' is a ''ImageCopy'' produced by a ''FaxMachine'' and usally transmitted from a remote FaxMachine, but it could be a local copy. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'facsimile' a copy of a document producedby a ''FaxMachine'') in WordNet: 1. (1) facsimile, autotype - (an exact copy or reproduction)`
Super-classes	DocumentCopy^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByDeviceType^op value FaxMachine^c

FaxMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaxMachine`
Description	A ''FaxMachine' is a ''Copier'' that makes remote copies of paper documents by a special process distinct from the now more common 'xerox' type Copier, and can transmit them in encoded form over telephone lines to receiving fax machines.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fax' in WordNet: 1. facsimile, facsimile machine, fax - (duplicator that transmits the copy by wire or radio)`
Super-classes	Copier^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value IBTCopying^c createsObject^op value Copy^c

Fear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fear`
Description	The Feeling (static Event) during which some animal experiences fear for some interval of time. 'Concern' or 'Apprehension' are not subtypes of 'Fear' - some level of intensity is required to qualify as 'Fear'. But 'Terror' or 'Dread' is a subtype of 'Fear', being those fear states that have particular intensity. rules: every one who is an experiencer of Fear has the attribute 'Afraid': (iff (hasFeeling ?E Fear) (hasAttributeValue ?E Afraid)). As a subtype of 'DirectedFeeling' this type inherits the need to specify what the fear 'isDirectedTo'. NOTE that as a verb, 'to fear' something is to be in a state of Fear, so this type represents both the state (a noun) and the related verb. Cyc: Unpleasant emotion manifested by painful agitation in the presence or awareness of danger. Fear implies anxiety and loss of courage. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. A more specialized #$FeelingType than #$Fear is #$Dread. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fear' and sense 1 of 'fright', and to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'fear' in WordNet: 1. (2) fear, fearfulness, fright - (an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)) WN verb 'fear': 1. (23) fear - (be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event; 'I fear she might get aggressive') 2. (20) fear, dread - (be afraid or scared of; be frightened of; 'I fear the winters in Moscow'; 'We should not fear the Communists!')
Super-classes	EmotionalState^c DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Despair^c Horror^c Panic^c Terror^c Timidity^c Consternation^c Reluctance^c

Feasibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feasibility`
Description	''Feasibility'' is a subtype of the Quality ''Practicality'' specifically characterising ''Procedure''s whose execution is ''Feasible'', i.e. can be performed with reasonable effort and cost. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feasibility' in WordNet: 1. (3) feasibility, feasibleness - (the quality of being doable)`
Super-classes	Practicality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Feasible^c

Feasible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feasible

Description

''Feasible'' is a subtype of ''Possible'' that is an AttributeValue of some Action that can be performed or Situation that could be achieved by Actions that do not require an unreasonable or overly expensive effort. More than just possible, it is practical.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'feasible' and 
        sense 1 of 'doable' in Wordnet:
       1. (4) feasible, executable, practicable, practicable, viable, workable -
         (capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are)
     WN adj 'doable':
       1. accomplishable, achievable, doable, manageable, realizable -
          (capable of existing or taking place or proving true; possible to do)

Super-classes Manageable^c
Possible^c

Feast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feast`
Description	A ''Feast'' is a ''MultiCourseMeal'' (an Object) in which the quantity and quality of the food is higher than in a routine daily ''Meal''. Eating this kind of meal is labeled as ''Feasting'', and the number of participants is more than one. This is usually held on special occasoins, but is not a 'ceremonial' affair. For celebration feasts,use subtype ''Banquet''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'feast' in WordNet: 3. banquet, feast, spread - (a meal that is well prepared and greatly enjoyed; 'a banquet for the graduating seniors'; 'the Thanksgiving feast'; 'they put out quite a spread')`
Super-classes	MultiCourseMeal^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value AbundanceOfFood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sumptuous^c

Feasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feasting`
Description	'Feasting''is a ''Dining'' in which the quantity and quality of the Food is higher than at a routine daily meal. This type is for the ''Feasting'' of all the people present, not just one. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'feast' in WordNet: 1. (1) feast, banquet, junket - (partake in a feast or banquet)`
Super-classes	Dining^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Feast^c isPerformedBy^op value AssemblageOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	Banquet^c Overeating^c

Feat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feat`
Description	A ''Feat'' is an Action performed by some animal or group of animals (including humans) that is notable for being difficult. This can be mental or physical, or some combination of the two, as in an extraordinary management performance. `NOTE: For a ''Feat'' by a Person that is also ''Admirable' and conspicuous enough to tbe widely recognized, use subtype ''ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction''. (parent: SuccessfulAction = achievement/accomplishment) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feat' in WordNet: 1. (6) deed, feat, effort, exploit - (a notable achievement; 'he performed a great deed'; 'the book was her finest effort')`
Super-classes	AnimateActivity^c SuccessfulAction^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Difficult^c hasAttributeValue^op value Remarkable^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Animal^c or GroupOfAnimals^c or Organization^c)
Sub-classes	Stunt^c AcrobaticManeuver^c ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction^c

Feather^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feather`
Description	Light horny epidermal outgrowth that forms the external covering of birds. COSMO note: this is for one feather. The covering of feathers on a Bird is represented as the ''Plumage''. Feathers can be tiny ('light as a feather'), but those on an Ostrich can be an order of magnitude heavier than some on small birds. Any one can be held in one hand. `SUMO: Each instance of this class is one of the structures that make up the external covering of Birds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feather' in WordNet: 1. (6) feather, plume, plumage - (the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Protrusion^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c LightObject^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value Bird^c hasMaximumMassInGrams^dp value 100.0^c

Featherbrained^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Featherbrained

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'featherbrained' in Wordnet:
       1. airheaded, dizzy, empty-headed, featherbrained, giddy, light-headed,
           lightheaded, silly - (lacking seriousness; given to frivolity; 
           'a dizzy blonde'; 'light-headed teenagers'; 'silly giggles')

Super-classes Stupid^c

Feature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feature`
Description	A ''Feature'' is a ''Part'' of anything - Object or Attribute or Region - that imparts some significant property(s) to the thing it is part of. Very general.. `'features' that are attributes are represented by ''Characteristic''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'feature' (regarding Objects) in Wordnet: 1. (42) feature, characteristic - (a prominent aspect of something; 'the map showed roads and other features'; 'generosity is one of his best characteristics')`
Super-classes	Role^c Part^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value ImpartingAnAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Centrepiece^c Aspect^c Pattern^c ObjectFeature^c Upside^c Characteristic^c AspectOfaProblem^c

February^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#February

Description

The Class of all Months which are February.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'February' in Wordnet:
      1. (16) February, Feb - (the month following January and preceding March)

Super-classes Month^c

Feces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feces`
Description	Solid waste created by the digestion process and excreted. "excret Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feces' in Wordnet: 1. fecal matter, faecal matter, feces, faeces, BM, stool, ordure, dejection - (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels) WN noun 'shit': 1. (1) crap, dirt, shit, shite, poop, turd - (obscene terms for feces)
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c Mixture^c ExcretionSubstance^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Animal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stinky^c isProducedByEventType^op value Defecating^c
Sub-classes	Manure^c Dung^c BloodyStools^c

Fecundity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fecundity`
Description	''Fecundity'' is a ''NormalOrganismCondition'' of an Animal (usually female) that is capable of producing offspring - by live birth for people, but by any other means for other animals. `RHW 'fertility': 2. Biol. the ability to produce offspring; power of reproduction: the amazing fertility of rabbits. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fecundity' in WordNet: 2. fertility, fecundity - (the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring)`
Super-classes	NormalOrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value BiologicalReproductionEvent^c

Fed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fed`
Description	''Fed'' is an AttributeValue of an Organism (Animal, Plant, or Microbe) that was provided with food by some agent (which could be an action of the organism itself). 'The fed cows grew fatter than those that were left to graze.'
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Federal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Federal

Description

''Federal'' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that belongs to, is operated by, is created by, is employed by, or in any other way is directly connected to the government of the UnitedStates.

    This does not include a possible broader meaning of being associated with some other type of federation.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'federal' in WordNet:
        1. (39) federal - (national; especially in reference to the government of the United States 
           as distinct from that of its member units; 'the Federal Bureau of Investigation';
           'federal courts'; 'the federal highway program'; 'federal property')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

FederalAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FederalAgent`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federal agent' in WordNet: 1. agent, federal agent - (any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau)`
Super-classes	PublicOfficial^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfTheUSA^c
Sub-classes	FederalOfficial^c

FederalOfficial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FederalOfficial

Description

Mostly used for FBI, but applies to any Federal official that does police-like work.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federal official' in WordNet:
         1. Federal, Fed, federal official - (any federal law-enforcement officer)

Super-classes LawEnforcementAgent^c
FederalAgent^c

FederalReserveNote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FederalReserveNote`
Description	A ''FederalReserveNote''is a ''CurrencyBill'' issued by the ''FederalReserve''. There are other terms used to refer to it, but this type of ''CurrencyBill'' is only for the kind issued by the ''FederealReserve'', so currencies of other countrie (like 'zlotys') are not included.. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'Federal Reserve note' in WordNet: 1. bill, note, government note, bank bill, banker's bill, bank note, banknote, Federal Reserve note, greenback - (a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank); 'he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes')`
Super-classes	CurrencyBill^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FederalReserve^c

Federalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Federalism`
Description	''Federalism'' is a ''PoliticalIdeology'' that believes in the superior benefits of a central government that organizes the interactions of self-governing subdivisions (e.g. 'states').. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federalism' in WordNet: 1. federalism - (the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units)`
Super-classes	PoliticalIdeology^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value PoliticalIdeologicalBelief^c

Federalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Federalist`
Description	`No WN entry for adj 'Federalist'`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

FederalistPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FederalistPerson

Description

A ''FederalistPerson'' is a ''Politician'' who is a member of the 'Federalist' Party, which believes in a strong central government. That party and the term 'federalist' were used mostly in the early years of the United States.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Federalist' in WordNet:
          1. Federalist - (a member of a former political party in the United States 
              that favored a strong centralized federal government)

Super-classes Politician^c

Federally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Federally`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'federally' in Wordnet: 1. federally - (by federal government; 'it's federally regulated')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Federating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Federating`
Description	A ''Federating'' is a ''Consolidating'' Event in which two or more Organizations or ''GroupOfPeople''s combine to form a larger Organization or Group, usually giving the resulting group a new name, and designating it in some way (often as part of the name) as a 'federation'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'federate' in WordNet: 1. federate, federalize, federalise - (enter into a league for a common purpose; 'The republics federated to become the Soviet Union')`
Super-classes	ConsolidatingAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Federation^c

Federation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Federation`
Description	A ''Federation'' is an Organization produced by an act of ''Federating''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federation' in WordNet: 1. federation - (an organization formed by merging several groups or parties)`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Federating^c

Fedora^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fedora`
Description	NOTE: 'Stetson' is a subtype' A 'homburg' also has some disinguishing characteristics, and may be differentiated when unambiguous definitions are found. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fedora' in WordNet: 1. (1) fedora, felt hat, homburg, Stetson, trilby - (a hat made of felt with a creased crown)`
Super-classes	Hat^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Felt^c

Fee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fee`
Description	Fee is a MonetaryValue that is an Attribute that specifies what quantity of money is expected to be given in exchange for some service, Privilege, or right that one wants. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fee' and sense 1 of 'charge' in WordNet: 1. (11) fee - (a fixed charge for a privilege or for professional services)`
Super-classes	MoneyCharges^c
Sub-classes	Interest-Monetary^c InsurancePremium^c Dues^c TaxiFare^c Fare^c SchoolTuition^c FeeForService^c RoadToll^c Tax^c

FeeCollecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeeCollecting`
Description	This is for the action of a Person who 'collects' a Fee of some kind (''TaxCollecting'' is a subtype) whether in person (such as collecting Tolls at a Tollbooth on a road or entry fees to some location), or by working at a desk and handling fees that are paid or sitting at a desk and processing ''Fee''s paid by mail or by electronic means (the sort of Action that IRS agents do).
Super-classes	Gathering^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value FeePayment^c

FeeCollector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeeCollector`
Description	A ''FeeCollector'' can be an Employee one of whose main responsibilities is to collect fees, fares, taxes or rents, such as a ''FareCollector'' on a public conveyance - bus, trolley, or train. Note that 'collecting fees' can be actions that do not directly handle money,such as punching a ticket to show it has been used, or checking a'pass' to see that it is still valid. `@ToDo: needs to relate to a 'collecting fees' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'collector' in WordNet: 2. (1) collector, gatherer, accumulator - (a person who is employed to collect payments (as for rent or taxes))`
Super-classes	Employee^c
Sub-classes	TransportationConductor^c

FeeForService^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeeForService

Description

Any charge for a service.

     Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'service fee' in WordNet:
       1. service charge, service fee - (a percentage of a bill
          (as at a hotel or restaurant) added in payment for service)

Super-classes Fee^c

FeePayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeePayment`
Description	A ''FeePayment'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid in any form: cash, credit card transaction, automatic withdrawal, check, or any other method translatable into some monetary amount.
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some PayingaFee^c hasMonetaryValue^op some MoneyMeasure^c
Sub-classes	RoyaltyFee^c RoadTollPayment^c

Feeble^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feeble

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'feeble' in Wordnet:
    3. decrepit, debile, feeble, infirm, rickety, sapless, weak, weakly -
       (lacking physical strength or vitality; 'a feeble old woman'; 
       'her body looked sapless')

Super-classes Weak^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

FeebleMinded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeebleMinded

Description

'''FeebleMinded'' is a vague attribute that can include almost any level of low intelligence significantly below the average. The technical levels of low IQ people have 'moron' below 80, 'imbecile' below 70 and 'idiot' below 60, but those terms are commonly used for anyone well below average (below about 85) or appearig to be so.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'feeble-minded' in Wordnet:
        1.  backward, feebleminded - (retarded in intellectual development)
        2.  feebleminded, half-witted, slow-witted - (mentally deficient)

Super-classes Stupid^c

Feedback^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feedback`
Description	Each instance of ''Feedback'' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s) responds to a query `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'feedback' in WordNet: 2. (1) feedback - (response to an inquiry or experiment)`
Super-classes	Answering^c Informing^c AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some AnswerPhrase^c

Feeder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feeder`
Description	An ''Feeder'' is the ''Role'' of an ''Animal'' that is performing or has performed some ''EatingEvent''. `NOTE: senses 1 and 6 can be distinguished, but are aggregated here until some examples are tagged. Includes noun senses 1 and 6 of 'feeder' in WordNet: 1. (1) feeder - (an animal being fattened or suitable for fattening) 6. feeder - (an animal that feeds on a particular source of food; 'a bark feeder'; 'a mud feeder')`
Super-classes	Role^c Animal^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value EatingEvent^c

FeedingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeedingAnAnimal`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. Each element of #$FeedingAnAnimal is a #$FeedingEvent in which a #$Person feeds a #$NonPersonAnimal. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'feed' in WordNet, conflating both the transitive and ditransitive senses, which @ToDo should be distinguished. in WordNet: 1. (47) feed - (provide as food; 'Feed the guests the nuts') 2. (15) feed, give - (give food to; 'Feed the starving children in India'; 'don't give the child this tough meat')`
Super-classes	FeedingAnOrganism^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	FeedingAnInfant^c FeedingBirds^c

FeedingAnInfant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeedingAnInfant`
Description	Each 'FeedingAnInfant' is an Event or series of Events in which someone supplies food to an infant.This can be a lactating woman breast-feeding an infant (use subtype ''NursingAnInfant''), usually, but not always, performed by the infant's mother or a wet nurse. This does not include bottle-feeding - for that Action, use '''BottleFeedingAnInfant''. . `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'infant feeding' in WordNet: 1. infant feeding - (feeding an infant)`
Super-classes	FeedingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some HumanInfant^c
Sub-classes	BottleFeedingAnInfant^c NursingAnInfant^c

FeedingAnOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeedingAnOrganism`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In an instance of #$FeedingEvent, an agent intentionally supplies food to an organism (Animal, Plant, or Microbe). In this sense, feeding is not the same as eating. Rather, a feeding event is a prelude to some #$EatingEvent which is expected to follow the feeding. The food may be placed into the intended recipient's mouth or where it can be reached easily by the recipient. Feeding may be done by one agent for another, but an organism may also feed itself. Feeding is part of the care of captive animals and of agriculture, as well as of caring by a parent for its offspring (in most species). Giving some kind of nutrient or fertilizer to a Plant is included. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'feed' in WordNet, conflating both the transitive and ditransitive senses, which @ToDo should be distinguished. in WordNet: 1. (47) feed - (provide as food; 'Feed the guests the nuts') 2. (15) feed, give - (give food to; 'Feed the starving children in India'; 'don't give the child this tough meat')`
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c TransferOfControl^c TakingCareOfSomething^c DirectedTranslation^c Nourishing^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some Organism^c hadThingTransferred^op some (FoodOrDrink^c or FoodObject^c or Fertilizer^c or FoodType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	FeedingAnAnimal^c ServingFoodOrDrink^c

FeedingBirds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeedingBirds`
Description	Each ''FeedingBirds'' is an Action which someone supplies food to one or more ''Bird''s. This type includes indoors and outdoors feeding, which can be distinguished as subtypes when needed.
Super-classes	FeedingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op value Bird^c

Feel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feel`
Description	''Feel' is an AttributeType of the surface of a SolidObject, that characterizes the sensation that an animal (usually a Person) perceives when some part of the animal's body (usually the fingers of a Person) touch the SolidOject. There are various kinds (subtypes) of ''feel'' - temperature feel, softness/hardness, stiffness, texture, and others. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'feel' in WordNet: 3. (1) tactile property, feel - (a property perceived by touch)`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tactile^c

Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feeling`
Description	A 'Feeling' is the Action of experiencing some internal state described as 'a feeling' or, in a more intense form, 'an emotion'. (This is also a part of the sense of the ''BecomingEvent'' of ''Undergoing'') COSMO note: This is not the act of 'feeling something by touching', which is represented by 'Perceiving' and 'TouchingDeliberately'; Linguistically this can be expressed by saying that someone 'is feeling' something or 'has a feeling of' something. To say one 'is feeling sadness' is equivalent to saying one 'is feeling sad' or 'is sad', though the adjective is represented as an AttributeValue, and the noun is represented as a 'Feeling'. As an Event, a Feeling has a beginning time and an ending time. Most Feelings have degress of intensity. The logical description of 'Feeling' is still evolving. At present (rev841) a 'feeling' is a MentalState that causes a 'IntentionalAgent' to think in a manner differently from how that person whould think if not experiencing that Feeling. Knowledge can also cause a Person to behave differently, but Knolwedge and Feelings are logically disjoint; Knowledge is a MentalObject, 'Feeling' is an Event' and Objects and Events are disjoint in COSMO. This necessary requirement of 'Feeling' has not been axiomatized as yet, and may require FOL rules. For some detailed thoughts about feelings, see Marvin Minsky's book 'The Emotion Machine'. In Cyc a feeling is called 'FeelingAttribute' and classified very differently, though the intended meaning is the same. In COSMO, feelings and emotions are considered as PersistentStates - events in which some more or less constant mental process that does not involve symbolic thinking is going on. Feelings are vague and only can be labeled in very general terms. All different types of feeling are primitive concepts. feelings include emotions, worries, concerns, elation, many others. NOTE that in COSMO, 'Sensation' (a type of Perception' is also a subtype of 'Feeling'. Cyc: The collection of all emotions and mental feelings. As an emotion/feeling can be experienced in various degrees of intensity, an instance of #$FeelingAttribute is some particular relative amount of happiness, confidence, fear, or whatever. These relative amounts can be measured using the #$GenericValueFunctions (q.v.), such as #$LowAmountFn, #$VeryHighAmountFn, etc. For example, (#$LowAmountFn #$Happiness) is the #$FeelingAttribute of feeling a relatively low amount of happiness. (Note that #$Happiness itself is not an individual feeling attribute but a _collection_ of #$FeelingAttributes - a #$FeelingType (q.v.) - whose instances are the individual attributes of feeling particular relative amounts of happiness; (#$LowAmountFn #$Happiness) is one such instance.) This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'feel' and noun sense 1 of 'feeling' in WordNet: WN 'feel': 1. (182) feel, experience - (undergo an emotional sensation; 'She felt resentful'; 'He felt regret') WN 'feeling': 1. (50) feeling - (the experiencing of affective and emotional states; 'she had a feeling of euphoria'; 'he had terrible feelings of guilt'; 'I disliked him and the feeling was mutual')
Super-classes	Action^c MentalSituation-SingleSubject^c MentalState^c InternalState^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	TrappedFeeling^c SexualGratification^c Sentiment^c Relaxed-Feeling^c Restlessness^c FeelingOfInnocence^c SexualArousal^c FeelingOfConfidence^c Willingness^c Humility^c Sympathy^c Distress^c Solemnity^c Modesty^c EmotionalState^c Touched-Feeling^c Resolution-Emotion^c Affinity^c Listlessness^c Mood^c Nausea^c Impatience^c Discomfort^c Heartburn^c Dizziness^c Confusion^c Lightheadedness^c Uneasiness^c Loneliness^c PersonalWarmth^c DirectedFeeling^c Obsession^c Tenseness^c Happiness^c Sensation^c Laziness^c

FeelingAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingAttribute`
Description	Each FeelingAttribute is the attribute of someone who is experiencing a specific Feeling. For example, 'afraid' is the attribute of someone feeling Fear; 'Courageous' is the attribute of someone feeling 'Courage'. `NOTE that a subtype of ''BehaviorAttribute'' can also be a subtype of ''FeelingAttribute''; e.g. ''Bold'' can be a Feeling (one can feel bold), or it can be a behavior attribute that inclines one to bold actions. There may be a distinction, but that has not been formalized as of rev 1195.`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Convinced^c Reckless^c Troubled^c Nervous^c Careless^c Assured^c OppressedPsychologially^c Tolerant^c Narrow-minded^c Unkind^c Afraid^c Hard-Pressed^c Curious^c Cautious^c Tasteful^c Bold^c Mincing^c Carefree^c Bored^c Sure^c Careful^c Courageous^c Cowardly^c Aggressive^c Lonely^c Modest^c Tense^c

FeelingCold^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingCold

Description

''FeelingCold'' is a Sensation resembling the feeling when one is exposed to external air temperature below 70 deg. F (varies with the Person from 60 deg F (15 deg C). to 70 deg. F). ''FeelingCold'' is a ''Sensation'' that makes a Person uncomfortable and makes one want to increase the air temperature or to move to a warmer location if possible, or put on more clothing. 'FeelingCold' may also be caused by internal processes, such as a fever.

     Corresponds to only part of adjective sense 1 of 'cold' in WordNet.
       For the temperature measure.use ''Cold''.
      in WordNet:
         1. (40) cold - (used of physical coldness; having a low or inadequate
           temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made
           cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration; 'a cold climate'; 
           'a cold room'; 'dinner has gotten cold'; 'cold fingers'; 
           'if you are cold, turn up the heat'; 'a cold beer')

Super-classes Sensation^c

FeelingOfCompulsion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingOfCompulsion

Description

A 'FeelingOfCompulsion' is a Feeling that causes an IntelligentAgent to be more disposed to do some act, because there may be negative consquences for not doing it. This is not a 'compulsion' in the sense of some irresistable irrational impulse, but merely a feelng of pressure to do something. A 'FeelingOfCompulsion' may be caused by an Obligation, but may not. This type can be used to represent psychological 'pressure' to do something, from any source.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pressure' in WordNet;
        sense 6 is taken as a generally oppressed feeling that does
        not impel to any specific action, and therefore is not
        a subtype of this type. in WordNet:
       2. (29) pressure - (a force that compels; 
          'the public brought pressure to bear on the government')
       6. pressure - (an oppressive condition of physical or mental
           or social or economic distress)

Super-classes DirectedFeeling^c

FeelingOfConfidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingOfConfidence`
Description	A ''FeelingOfConfidence'' is a short-lived ''Feeling'' of someone who feels that s/he can perform some specific task ('she feels confident that she can do it'). This is specific to a short period of time; the more general ''Trait'' of being confident of oneself is represented by ''Confidence'' - that trait disposes one to be ''Confident'' about things generally. This type is also a subtype of ''Believing'', as the ''FeelingOfConfidence'' is directed at some specific situation. This is a ''Believing'' that includes a low level of ''Doubting'' about some Proposition. This ''FeelingOfConfidence'' does not represent a general sense of confidence in one's own abilities, but refers to something more specific. The Action about which a person is confident is pointed to by the relation 'refersToFutureSituation' This is not quite a ''Freedom'' from 'doubt' (''Doubting''), but is low level. See restriction 'isaLowLevelOf'. Cyc: The positive emotion felt when one is free from doubt about an event or object from which the agent feeling #$Confidence expects positive contingencies. For example, one might say 'I feel confident that tomorrow it will not be rainy'. Do not confuse this with a personality disposition, e.g. 'Joe is a confident person.' (See #$PersonalityAttribute.) This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. More specialized #$FeelingTypes include #$Grief, #$SelfConfidence, etc. WordNet does not distinguish the general sense of confidence from this more specific action-oriented confidence. The general sense is represented as 'SelfConfidence'. In COSMO, confidence in another person or Agent is 'Trust' WN confidence sense 1 and assurance sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (13) assurance, self-assurance, confidence, self-confidence, authority, sureness - (freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; 'his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular'; 'after that failure he lost his confidence'; 'she spoke with authority')
Super-classes	Feeling^c Believing^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some Proposition^c agentHasAttribute^op value Confident^c isaLowLevelOf^op some Doubting^c
Sub-classes	Smugness^c

FeelingOfFulfillment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingOfFulfillment`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fulfillment' in WordNet: 1. (3) fulfillment, fulfilment - (a feeling of satisfaction at having achieved your desires)`
Super-classes	Satisfaction^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value ReachingaGoal^c

FeelingOfInnocence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingOfInnocence

Description

COSMO note: in Cyc called 'Innocence', but Innocence is typically a judgment by others, not a feeling. For COSMO, it is renamed to indicate it is a Feeling..

      Cyc: Feeling of freedom from guilt or sin

Super-classes Feeling^c

FeelingOfInsecurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingOfInsecurity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'insecurity' in WordNet: 2. insecurity - (the anxiety you experience when you feel vulnerable and insecure)`
Super-classes	Anxiety^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureDanger^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Concerned^c

FeelingOfMissingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingOfMissingSomething

Description

A 'FeelingOfMissingSomething' is a type of sadness caused by the absence of something or someone. The absence may be temporary or permanent. The thing missed is often a person or pet animal, but it can be an inanimate object, or an experience: 'I miss my old apartment'; 'He misses his mother's apple pies'.

        Linguistically, 'to miss something' is to experience a FeelingOfMissingSomething.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'miss' in WordNet:
        2. (13) miss - (feel or suffer from the lack of;
            'He misses his mother')

Super-classes Sadness^c
DirectedFeeling^c

FeelingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Feeling as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	PhysiologicalConditionType^c
In domain of	isanIntensiveFormOf^op
In range of	isanIntensiveFormOf^op hasFeeling^op isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling^op disposesToFeeling^op
Members	Depression-Feeling Nostalgia Friendliness Wish Blahs Arrogance MentalComfort TasteSensation Slant Cheerfulness Mortification Dignity Fairness Sentiment Tingling MentalDistress PhysicalComfort Thirst Nervousness Timidity Listlessness Pride Wistfulness Resolution-Emotion Liking Rebelliousness-Feeling HighBodyTemperature Ingratitude Detachment Extremism Fear Hangover FashionableTaste Dither Honorableness Pouting SelfPosession Egotism Obstinacy Weariness Piety Trust PreferenceForAction Sociality Serenity Love Rejoicing Restlessness VitalSign Stress-Feeling FeelingOfInnocence Rage AuditorySensation Agreeing-Feeling Shyness Impartiality Mirth Exhilaration Languishing Antipathy LovingAnAgent Grief Lenience Iconoclasm FeelingOfCompulsion Anger Enmity Sensation Partisanship BeingUpset BrotherhoodOfMan Fanaticism Devotion Coveting Entertained-Emotion Unorthodoxy Eccentricity GoodTaste Panic SenseOfSight Broad-minded SkinSensation Futurism Disinclination Intransigence UnpleasantSensation Nausea Orgasm Greed Lust Mercy Alienation Contempt Elitism Heartburn Anticipation Intimacy Impatience Discomfort Exuberance Dizziness Integrity PleasurableSensation Self-Esteem StateOfReproach Dejection TouchSensation SexualArousal FeelingOfConfidence HardLine Remorse Willingness Determination Terror Loneliness Indifference PersonalWarmth StateOfWar Disgust Bigotry Paternalism Outrage Zest Sorrow Disapproval Indignation Melancholy Consternation Anticipation-Feeling Gloominess Disbelief Zeal Doubt FeelingOfFulfillment Animosity Evasiveness Wrath Chauvinism Jealousy Amazement Distress Longing Love-Romantic Solemnity OrientedAttitude Instinct StateOfSuffering Empathy Indecision Joy Bliss Allegiance Flippancy Partiality FeelingOfMissingSomething Fretting Modesty Optimism Synesthesia Appetite Exhaustion Happiness Resignation Revulsion EmotionalState Approval-Emotion Hunger Aspiration Anguish Touched-Feeling Admiration-Respect Nationalism Preference Inconvenience Tickle Preferring Merriment Solidarity TasteInThings BeingTiredOfSomething Narrow-minded Ambivalence Fascination Sadness Envy Affinity Fad Unhappiness Surprise Wonder Mood Racism Dissatisfaction TrappedFeeling Ardor FeelingOfInsecurity Candor Boredom Twinge Curiosity AdoringSomeone Bafflement Interest Morale SexualGratification Sociability Whim Calmness-Feeling Ecstasy GoodWill AdorationOfaDivinity WarmFeelings Heresy Mistrust Hatred CherishingSomething Favoring PreferringVegetarianCuisine GoodMood Chagrin Dislike Phlegm-Feeling BehavioralTic Shock Contentment Concern PulseRate Cruelty OdorSensation Honesty BeingImpressed Faithfulness PersonalQuirk Caution Awe Amusement-Feeling Anxiety Relaxed-Feeling Spite Numbness Urge Huff Satisfaction Worry Euphoria Passion Opposition-Feeling Bandwagon Admiration PersonalAffinity Disappointment TasteInActions Sexism Uncertainty Confusion Conviction Attitude Lightheadedness Regret Honor Uneasiness Angst Delight Carelessness Poise Shame Solace FeelingCold PainOrAche Discouragement BehavioralDisposition Agony DirectedFeeling Patriotism Abhorrence Righteousness Misery Excitement Bias Loyalty Craving Unwillingness Hostility Intolerance Displeasure BehaviorPreference Grudge Affection Itch Nobility Gratitude Togetherness Relief Obsession PeevedMood Gentleness Irritation Enchantment Hope Tenseness Pleasure Guilt Jolliness Pessimism Seething Unconcern Horror Comfort Pity Discontent Fervor Humility ClinicalDepression Laziness Reverence Encouragement TotalitarianIdeology Sympathy WorldView Eagerness Patience Cynicism Smugness Compulsion Outlook Idolizing Credence AntiSemitism Despair Desire Stance Respect Orientation-Viewpoint BadTaste BadMood Materialism BodySensation Hubris Affair Offendedness Agitation RetroFashion Lamenting Elation Bitterness Adoration Enjoyment Toleration Freedom-Emotion Sympathizing UrgeToSneeze Frustration Suspense PointOfView SexualDesire Resentment Enthusiasm Annoyance Morality Embarrassment Reluctance Feeling

FeelingWithTheHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeelingWithTheHand`
Description	A TouchingState in which a Person intentionally touches something using her/his hand, in order to perceive it tactilely, and possibly but not necessarily to hold it. Note that although a 'HandlingAnObject' is also intentional, and also a Touching, it is not necessarily a 'FeelingWithTheHand' because it does not necessarily include an intention of feeling something, which is essential in order to be an instance of this 'FeelingWithTheHand' type, which is a subtype of Perceiving-Voluntary. NOTE that the restriction 'hadObjectTouched' specifies that the Hand is touched. This is true because that relation is symmetrical, and may be used to specify either or both of the objects touched. Specifying what is touched with the hand is not required for an instance of this type. Note also that, although in feeling something a Person may rub the fingers over the surface to perceive its texture, that is still classified as a 'TouchingState' rather than an Event that changes some properties, unless there is some explicit manipulation that is a significant part of the action, such as 'turning it over in her hands to appreciate its shape and texture', in which case there will be several 'FeelingWithTheHand' states included in a 'HandlingAnObject'. Includes verb senses 2, and 8 of 'touch' and verb senses 8, 9, and 10 and part of sense 3 of 'feel' in WordNet: 2. (5) touch - (perceive via the tactile sense; 'Helen Keller felt the physical world by touching people and objects around her') 8. (2) touch - (cause to be in brief contact with; 'He touched his toes to the horse's flanks') WN verb 'feel' 3. (69) feel, sense - (perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles; 'He felt the wind'; 'She felt an object brushing her arm'; 'He felt his flesh crawl'; 'She felt the heat when she got out of the car') 8. (5) feel - (grope or feel in search of something; 'He felt for his wallet') 9. (4) feel, finger - (examine by touch; 'Feel this soft cloth!'; 'The customer fingered the sweater') 10. (3) palpate, feel - (examine (a body part) by palpation; 'The nurse palpated the patient's stomach'; 'The runner felt her pulse')
Super-classes	Perceiving-Voluntary^c UsingTheHand^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c TouchingDeliberately^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Hand^c hasSubEvent^op value TouchingState^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	FondlingSomething^c

Feelings^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feelings

Description

'Feelings' are instances of a Person's 'Sensitivity', specifically their tendency to have some specific Feeling or Emotion as a result of some action of another person that affects the feeler's sense of dignity or self-respect or self-worth..

        This corresponds to sense 1 of 'feelings' in WordNet:
        1. (6) feelings - (emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation
         to personal principles or dignity); 'the remark hurt his feelings')

Super-classes Sensitivity^c

Feinting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feinting`
Description	''Feinting' is a ''Pretending'' that is an Action that includes some kind of Motion that suggest further action, in an attempt to deceive another party into thinking that one will carry through the feigned action, while not intending to do that action, but doing something else. The feigned action is intended to distract the other party so as to make response to the actual intended Action less effective. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'feint' in WordNet: 1. (1) feint - (deceive by a mock action; 'The midfielder feinted to shoot')`
Super-classes	Pretending^c Deceiving^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Motion^c
Sub-classes	FeintingAttack^c

FeintingAttack^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeintingAttack

Description

A #$FeintingAttack attemps to draw an enemy's attention and resources away from some main attack by promoting a misapprehension about the degree of threat posed by the feint. In a military conflict, this could be acheived by inducing an enemy to position his forces, commit his reserves or shift his fire support in reaction to the feint in ways which allow the main attack to be more effective.

         Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (for military attacks) of 'feint' in WordNet:
           1. feint - (any distracting or deceptive maneuver (as a mock attack))

Super-classes MilitaryAttack^c
Feinting^c

Feldspar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feldspar`
Description	''Feldspar'' is any of a group of a Minerals having aluminum and silicon alng with other metals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feldspar' in WordNet: 1. feldspar, felspar - (any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Silicon^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Aluminum^c
Sub-classes	Plagioclase^c

Feline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feline`
Description	In Cyc termed 'FelidaeFamily', but in COSMO named familiarly for ease in discovery. `SUMO; The Class of Carnivores with completely separable toes, slim bodies, and rounded heads. All felines other than the cheetah have retractable claws. Cyc 'FelidaeFamily': The family of which cats - housecats, lions, tigers, etc. - are members. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feline' in WordNet: 1. feline, felid - (any of various lithe-bodied roundheaded fissiped mammals many with retractile claws)`
Super-classes	TerrestrialOrganism^c Carnivore^c
Sub-classes	FelisGenus^c Leopard^c BigCat^c

FelisGenus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FelisGenus`
Description	The genus which contains the species to which domestic cats belong. `This includes wild cats.`
Super-classes	Feline^c
Sub-classes	WildCat^c Cat^c

Fellatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fellatio`
Description	CTC: The collection involving events of oral stimulation of the penis. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fellatio' in WordNet: 1. fellatio, fellation - (oral stimulation of the penis)`
Super-classes	OralSex^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Penis^c

Fellow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fellow

Description

'Fellow' is an attribute of people, relating the type of person modified to some individual person, and asserting that the individual is associated with some others of that type of person, by bonds of friendship or common endeavour, or association in the same organization, or having common interests or occupation. It is used as an adjective in phrases such as 'my fellow Americans', 'his fellow students', etc., where the word modified is a type of person or a Role that a person may play, and the word before 'fellow' indicates the individual who is of that type.

      It is a FunctionalAttributeValue because a proper understanding
      requires reference to the individual as well as the word modified; the
      implications of using this adjective are not merely to specify some
      subtype of the word modified, but also to indicate that the person
      who 'has' a fellow is of a particular type.  This is an unusual 
      adjectival modifier in that the subtype specified by this adjective
      is *not* a subtype of the word modified; there is no subtype 'fellow American' 
      of the type 'American' -  in the phrase 'my fellow Americans' 
      the implied type is 'American', and that is attributed to the speaker.

      Corresponds to RHW adjective, sense 13 of 'fellow'
      From Random House Webster 'fellow' (adj): 
      13. belonging to the same class or group; united by the same occupation,
        interests, etc.; being in the same condition: fellow students;
        fellow sufferers.

      There is no adjective sense of 'fellow' in WN, but noun sense 3 is used
        by WN in a similar sense, so is referenced here:
        in WordNet:
          3. (18) colleague, confrere, fellow - (a person who is member of your
            class or profession; 'the surgeon consulted his colleagues'; 
           'he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers')

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

Felony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Felony`
Description	A ''Crime'' that has a greater degree of seriousness than a ''Misdemeanor'' and makes the perpetrator liable to heavier punishment. `Definition depends on jurisdiction. Some US states have different categories, such as 'misdemeanor; and 'high misdemeanor'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'felony' in WordNet: 1. felony - (a serious crime (such as murder or arson))`
Super-classes	Crime^c
Sub-classes	Bribery^c Extortion^c Arson^c Murder^c

Felt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Felt`
Description	''Felt'' is a ''Cloth'' that is not woven or flocked.. `CYC: Cloth made out of a combination of compressed wool and cotton fibers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'felt' in WordNet: 1. felt - (a fabric made of compressed matted animal fibers)`
Super-classes	Cloth^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Hair^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Compressed^c

Female^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Female

Description

''Female'' is an AttributeValue of a ''FemaleOrganism'

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'female' in WordNet:
       1. (11) female - (being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces 
         fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; 'a female heir';
        'female holly trees bear the berries')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FemaleAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemaleAnimal`
Description	CYC: The collection of all female animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'female' in WordNet: 1. (18) female - (an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa))`
Super-classes	Animal^c FemaleOrganism^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Female^c
Sub-classes	Mermaid^c Chimaera^c Ewe^c Banshee^c FemalePerson^c Bitch^c FemaleMammal^c Hen^c Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal^c QueenOfInsectColony^c Mare^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeethovensMother

FemaleExternalGenitalia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemaleExternalGenitalia

Description

The combined 'LabiaMinora'' and'LabiaMajora'' and ''Clitoris'', used only of female humans.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pussy' in WordNet:
         1. (4) cunt, puss, pussy, slit, snatch, twat -
             (obscene terms for female genitals)

Super-classes ExternalSexOrgan^c

FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan`
Description	A ''FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan'' is any of the internal organs of a Female Mammal body that are essential for reproduction. `Not just for people, for all mammals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'female internal reproductive organ' in WordNet: 1. female internal reproductive organ - (the reproductive organs of a woman)`
Super-classes	SexOrgan^c
Sub-classes	Ovary^c

FemaleMammal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemaleMammal`
Description	CYC: The collection of all female mammals of any age.
Super-classes	FemaleAnimal^c Mammal^c

FemaleOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemaleOrganism`
Description	BLOs having or being female sex organs or secondary female sexual characteristics and performing female sexual functions, such as receiving pollen or bearing young. `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'female' in WordNet: 1. (18) female - (an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa))`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	hasGender^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemaleSex^c
Sub-classes	FemaleAnimal^c

FemalePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemalePerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of all female people of any age. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'female' in WordNet: 2. (4) female, female person - (a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies)`
Super-classes	Person^c FemaleAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Aunt^c Princess^c Daughter^c GirlFriend^c Granddaughter^c QueenTheKingsWife^c Bride^c Sister^c Majorette^c Debutante^c LadyNoble^c Queen-HeadOfState^c Woman^c DrumMajorette^c Heroine^c Girl^c Duchess^c Countess^c Actress^c Wench^c Mother^c Viscountess^c Niece^c Baroness^c Enchantress^c Witch^c FemaleUndergraduate^c Lesbian^c Ballerina^c Marchioness^c Wife^c
In domain of	isTheMotherOf^op
In range of	hasMother^op hasDaughter^op hasWife^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeethovensMother http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JKRowling http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeatrixPotter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DianeCassidy

FemaleUndergraduate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemaleUndergraduate`
Description	A ''FemaleUndergraduate'' is an ''Undergraduate'' who is female.
Super-classes	Undergraduate^c FemalePerson^c

Feminine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feminine

Description

''Feminine'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Woman'' or the associated behaviors, or typical characteristics or appearance of women.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'feminine' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) feminine - (associated with women and not with men;
               'feminine intuition')
           3. womanly, feminine - (befitting or characteristic of a woman
              especially a mature woman; 'womanly virtues of gentleness and compassion')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

FeminineGender^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FeminineGender

Description

''FeminineGender'' is the ''GrammaticalGender'' that is usually associated with women or female animals, but depending on the language may be applied to many different type of things: 'Women, Fire, and dangerous Things' - book on grammatical inflections.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feminine' in WordNet:
      1. feminine - (a gender that refers chiefly (but not exclusively) 
         to females or to objects classified as female)

,

Super-classes GrammaticalGender^c

Femininity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Femininity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'femininity' in WordNet: 1. (1) femininity, muliebrity - (the trait of behaving in ways considered typical for women)`
Super-classes	Maleness^c PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Female^c contrastsWith^op value Masculinity^c

Feminism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feminism`
Description	''Feminism'' is a doctrine or point of view that holds that women should have rights equal to those of men in all legal and public spheres, particularly in public policy, law, places of public accommodation, and the workplace. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feminism' in WordNet: 1. feminism - (a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women)`
Super-classes	BeliefSystem^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value WomensRights^c

Feminist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feminist`
Description	A ''Feminist'' is a ''Reformer'' who is a 'Supporter'' of equal rights for women in all activities. This is open to interpreteation an has degrees of intensity and various policy proposals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feminist' in WordNet: 1. feminist, women's rightist, women's liberationist, libber - (a supporter of feminism)`
Super-classes	Supporter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupportingReform^c

Feministic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feministic

Description

''Feministic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Feminism'' or a ''Feminist'' and some closely related or associated aspects.

            Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'feminist' in Wordnet:
              1. feminist - (of or relating to or advocating equal rights for women;
                 'feminist critique')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

FemmeFatale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemmeFatale`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'femme fatale' in WordNet: 1. enchantress, temptress, siren, Delilah, femme fatale - (a woman who is considered to be dangerously seductive)`
Super-classes	Woman^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Seductive^c

Femur^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Femur

Description

CYC: The collection of all thighBones. The #$Femur (or 'thighbone') is located in the #$Thigh.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'femur' in WordNet:
          1. femur, thighbone, femoris - (the longest 
           and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from the pelvis to the knee)

Super-classes LongBone^c
LegBone^c

Fence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fence`
Description	Fences - fixed structures intended to prevent animals and people from crossing a boundary in an outdoor area. For 'fences' inside a structure to separate rooms, a different type should be used ('grating'?). The typical fence is supported by 'PostStuckInGround's, so that will be a restriction for this type. NOTE: this is for fences actually installed on the ground, so each fence is itself aligned vertically. If generic 'fencing' (as in a dealer's stock) is required, that would need a new type. Similar to RHW sense 1 of 'fence' (n.): 1. a barrier enclosing or bordering a field, yard, etc., usually made of posts and wire or wood, used to prevent entrance, to confine, or to mark a boundary. A Fence does not need to completely enclose an area, so this does not necessarily create an 'Enclosure' If a more generic 'Fence' is needed, it may be added as parent type. NOTE: for testing, specify that a Fence must be between 1 and 12 feet high. A barrier more than 12 feet high would most likely be a wall, not a fence. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact that serves to demarcate or to prevent access to or from the area that the Fence surrounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fence' in WordNet: 1. (32) fence, fencing - (a barrier that serves to enclose an area)
Super-classes	Wall-GenericBarrier^c FixedStructure^c SheetArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasHeight^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_1to12feet^c hasPhysicalPart^op value PostStuckInGround^c hasHeight^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LessThan12Feet^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c
Sub-classes	BarbWireFence^c PicketFence^c

FencedIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FencedIn`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fenced in' in Wordnet: 1. confined, fenced in, penned - (enclosed by a confining fence)`
Super-classes	Enclosed^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value RealEstate^c

Fencer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fencer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fencer' in WordNet: 1. fencer, swordsman - (someone skilled at fencing)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value FencingMatch^c

Fencing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fencing`
Description	This ''Fencing'' is the Sport (a Specification for the the execution, which is a ''FencingMatch''). `WN 'fencing' does not differentiate the Sport (Specification) from the match (execution of the Sport). This synset is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fencing' in WordNet: 3. fencing - (the art or sport of fighting with swords (especially the use of foils or epees or sabres to score points under a set of rules))`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value FencingMatch^c

FencingAnArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FencingAnArea`
Description	''EnclosingAnArea'' is the Action of erecting a ''Fence'' around some piece of ''RealEstate'', for any purpose. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fence in' in WordNet: 1. fence, fence in - (enclose with a fence; 'we fenced in our yard'`
Super-classes	EnclosingAnArea^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value RealEstate^c hinders^op value EnteringOrExitingSomething^c

FencingMatch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FencingMatch`
Description	''FencingMatch'' is an execution of the sport of 'Fencing'. `WN 'fencing' does not differentiate the Sport (Specification) from the match (execution of the Sport). This synset is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fencing' in WordNet: 3. fencing - (the art or sport of fighting with swords (especially the use of foils or epees or sabres to score points under a set of rules))`
Super-classes	MatchSportsEvent^c Fight-Physical^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Fencer^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Fencing^c

Fender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fender`
Description	A ''Fender'' is one of four ''VehiclePart''s that are placed above each ''SupportingWheel'' to prevent splashing of dirt or mud from the road while the vehicle is in motion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fender' in WordNet: 1. (1) fender, wing - (a barrier that surrounds the wheels of a vehicle to block splashing water or mud; "in England they call a fender a wing")`
Super-classes	BarrierObject^c SheetArtifact^c DryObject^c VehiclePart^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyAbove^op value SupportingWheel^c

FennelPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FennelPlant

Description

A FennelPlant'' is a ''HerbPlant'' from which the spice'fennel' is derived.

     In CYC 'fennel'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fennel' in WordNet:
         1. fennel - (any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems)

Super-classes HerbPlant^c
FloweringPlant^c

Feral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feral`
Description	This ''Feral'' is the attribute of an Animal that does not have a human-controlled residence, such as a home of farm or ranch. `NOTE: 'savage' is unusual here, close to an archic usage. Left out to avoid confusion. Broken out as 'Savage''. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'feral' in Wordnet: 1. feral, ferine, savage - (wild and menacing; 'a ferocious dog')`
Super-classes	Wild^c
Sub-classes	Savage^c

Fermented^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fermented`
Description	An AttributeValue of substances containing component substances that were prepared by 'Fermenting' process. This is used mostly for alcoholic beverages, but can be applied to dough raised by fermenting yeast, and other fermentation products, such as ''SoySauce'' and the raw pharmaceutical sources produced by fermentation. This includes 'brewed' as in Beer brewing.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

FermentedMolasses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FermentedMolasses`
Description	''FermentedMolasses'' is an aloholic liquid prepared by fermenting ''Molasses'', used to prepare ''Rum''.
Super-classes	Syrup^c

Fermenting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fermenting

Description

Anaerobic degredation of glucose (dextrose) and other simple sugars in the living cell. Two main kinds: (1) in microorganisms and animal cells, production of lactic acid as end product; (2) in some yeast and some bacteria, production of ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

        Includes active and passive senses 3 and 4 of verb 'ferment' in WordNet:
          3. ferment, work - (cause to undergo fermentation; 'We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content'; 'The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats')
          4. sour, turn, ferment, work - (go sour or spoil; 'The milk has soured'; 'The wine worked'; 
             'The cream has turned - we have to throw it out')

Super-classes BiochemicalReaction^c

Fermium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fermium

Description

This is a substance. In CYC substances are represented as objects: CYC: collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Fermium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fermium' in WordNet:
          1. fermium, Fm, atomic number 100 - (a radioactive
            transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Fern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fern

Description

An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a subset of #$Plant. Instances of #$Fern are vascular plants that lack flowers, have characteristic fronds, and reproduce sexually via spores.

        SUMO: A NonFloweringPlant that contains vascular tissue.  
          This class includes true ferns, as well as horsetails, club mosses, and 
          whisk ferns.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fern' in WordNet:
             1. fern - (any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots
               from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores)

Super-classes NonFloweringPlant^c
FilicopsidaClass^c
TerrestrialOrganism^c

Ferocious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ferocious

Description

''Ferocious'' is the attribute of someone who is ''Energetic'' in performing some act of violence, or of the act thus performed.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ferocious' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) ferocious, fierce, furious, savage - 
            (marked by extreme and violent energy; 'a ferocious beating';
            'fierce fighting'; 'a furious battle')

Super-classes Energetic^c
Violent^c

Ferociously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ferociously

Description

''Ferociously'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions in a ''Ferocious''manner, both violent and Energetic.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'ferociously' in WordNet:
          1. (1) ferociously, fiercely - (in a physically fierce manner;
            'silence broken by dogs barking ferociously'; 'they fought fiercely')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

FerricOxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FerricOxide`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ferric oxide' in WordNet: 1. ferric oxide - (a red oxide of iron)`
Super-classes	Oxide^c
Sub-classes	Rust^c

FerrisWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FerrisWheel`
Description	Oriented in a vertical plane, the periphery of which goes up and down in a circular pattern while operating. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ferris wheel' in WordNet: 1. Ferris wheel - (rotating mechanism consisting of a large upright wheel with suspended seats that remain upright as the wheel turns; provides a ride at an amusement park)`
Super-classes	RotatingMechanism^c AmusementParkRide^c Wheel^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MultirevolutionRotation^c

Ferrule^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ferrule

Description

A small metal ring or cap used to strengthen a shaft, prevent splitting, or to make a tight joint.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ferrule' in WordNet:
          1. ferrule, collet - 
              (a metal cap or band placed on a wooden pole to prevent splitting)

Super-classes ProtectiveCap^c
SolidObject^c
MetalObject^c
ProtectiveCovering^c
NonPoweredDevice^c

Ferry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ferry

Description

$Ferry is a specialization of #$Ship and

        #$PublicTransportationDevice.  Each instance of #$Ferry is a
        ferryboat, i.e., boats that are used to carry people, goods
        or vehicles across rivers, lakes, canals or channels etc. or
        even from one side of a harbor to another, but normally not
        used to cross oceans.  #$Ferry is disjoint with #$OceanLiner.

        Most ''Ferry''s are commercial, but some are not.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ferry' in WordNet:
             1. ferry, ferryboat - (a boat that transports people or vehicles 
              across a body of water and operates on a regular schedule)

Super-classes PublicTransportationDevice^c
Ship^c
PassengerBoat^c

Fertile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fertile

Description

''Fertile'' is an AttributeValue of Organisms that have the ability to reproduce (had by most female organisms) but at a rate that is normal or greater than normal, usually meaning that that organism has produced more than one offspring.

   CYC: Able to reproduce. This is different than
        #$SexuallyMature, although we expect that #$SexuallyMature
        animals are fertile.  For example, a male may have all the
        primary and secondary sexual characteristics after puberty
        but can be infertile due to disease or accident.  Moreover,
        women past menopause are #$SexuallyMature but not #$Fertile

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fertile' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) fertile - (capable of reproducing)

Super-classes BiologicalAttributeValue^c

Fertility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fertility`
Description	''Fertility''is an ''OrganismCondition'' in which the Organism is capable of reproducing - usually by sexual reproduction.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fertility' in WordNet: 2. fertility, fecundity - (the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring)`
Super-classes	OrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value BiologicalReproductionEvent^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Fertile^c

Fertilizer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fertilizer`
Description	Any substance (organic or inorganic) that can promote the growth of plants. `This is not necessarily a 'Nutrient' as it can be inorganic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fertilizer' in WordNet: 1. (2) fertilizer, fertiliser, plant food - (any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile)`
Super-classes	BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Biosolids^c Manure^c

FertilizingSoil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FertilizingSoil`
Description	''FertilizingSoil'' is the act of ''Enriching'' Soil so that crops will grow better. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fertilize' in WordNet: 1. (1) fertilize, fertilise, feed - (provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to; 'We should fertilize soil if we want to grow healthy plants')`
Super-classes	Enriching^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value CommercialFarming^c causesIncreaseIn^op value Fruitfulness^c hadChangedEntity^op value Soil^c enablesOrAssists^op value GrowingPlants^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c)

FertilizingaFemaleOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FertilizingaFemaleOrganism`
Description	Starting the development of a new organism from gametes, in plants or animals. More detail is represented about animals. See subtype ''Impregnation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fertilization' in WordNet: 1. fertilization, fertilisation, fecundation, impregnation - (creation by the physical union of male and female gametes; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant)`
Super-classes	TransferIn^c BecomingEvent^c CausingChange^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op exactly 2 isaSubEventOf^op value SexualReproductionEvent^c
Sub-classes	Impregnation^c Pollination^c

Fervor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fervor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fervor' in WordNet: 1. (1) ardor, ardour, fervor, fervour, fervency, fire, fervidness - (feelings of great warmth and intensity; 'he spoke with great ardor')`
Super-classes	Passion^c

Festival^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Festival`
Description	An ''OrganizedCelebration'' that usually includes outdoor recreational activities of more than one type, with some provision for supplying food to the participants; this does not include a religious 'festival' celebrating some religious holiday. NOTE; for the 'festival' that is a day or longer TimeInterval commemorating some Event use ''FestivalTime''. RHW: 2. a periodic commemoration, anniversary, or celebration: an annual strawberry festival. 3. a period or program of festive activities, cultural events, or entertainment: a music festival. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'festival' in WordNet - but may be broader than the gloss suggests - it does not have to include performances: in WordNet: 2. festival, fete - (an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place); 'a drama festival')
Super-classes	OrganizedCelebration^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Festive^c
Sub-classes	Carnival^c

FestivalTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FestivalTime`
Description	A ''FestivalTime'' is a TimeInterval during which celebrations and feasting occur, often commemorating some Event celebrating something that is considered significant or important to some group of People. `The 'festival' that has various entertainment activities is represented as ''Festival''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'festival' in WordNet: 1. (2) festival - (a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	commonlyHasEventType^op value Celebration^c

Festive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Festive

Description

''Festive'' is the attribute of a gathering where ultiple people have fun and experience 'Merriment''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'festive' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) gay, festal, festive, merry - (offering fun and gaiety; 
            'a festive (or festal) occasion'; 'gay and exciting night life'; 'a merry evening')

Super-classes Happy^c

Festoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Festoon`
Description	''Decorating'' is the act of 'Beautifying'' an object or place by adding ''Decoration''s including ''LongAndThinObject''s such as chains of ''Flower''s, and ''CrepePaper'', hung from suporting posts or walls. `Includes and is broader than noun senses 1 and 3 of 'festoon' in WordNet: 1. festoon - (a curtain of fabric draped and bound at intervals to form graceful loops) 3. festoon, festoonery - (flower chains suspended in loops between points)`
Super-classes	Decoration^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value HangingFromSomething^c isUsedInAction^op value Festooning^c

Festooning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Festooning`
Description	''Decorating'' is the act of 'Beautifying'' an object or place by adding ''Decoration''s including ''LongAndThinObject''s such as chains of ''Flower''s, and ''CrepePaper'', hung from suporting posts or walls. The decorative objects used typically do not sit on a surface, but hang in some manner. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'festoon' in Wordnet: 1. festoon - (decorate with strings of flowers; 'The public buildings were festooned for the holiday')`
Super-classes	Decorating^c HangingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op some (Festoon^c or FilamentlikeObject^c or Flower^c or CrepePaper^c)

Fetal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fetal

Description

The Attribute of a Fetus, which in COSMO is the young of a viviparous animal prior to birth, at a stage of development when it is morphologically recognizable as a member of its kind; for humans, after the end of the second month of gestation.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fetal' in Wordnet:
      1. fetal, foetal - (of or relating to a fetus; 'fetal development')

Super-classes InUtero^c

FetchingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FetchingSomething`
Description	A ''FetchingSomething'' is a ''RoundTrip'' in which an Animal (usually a Person,sometimes a Dog) goes somewhere other than the ''StartingPlace'', (the ''DesiredObjectDestination''),, there obtains some PhysicalObject, and returns carrying the Object obtained. `This could be a shopping trip. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fetch' in WordNet: 1. (3) bring, get, convey, fetch - (go or come after and bring or take back; 'Get me those books over there, please'; 'Could you bring the wine?'; 'The dog fetched the hat')`
Super-classes	RoundTrip^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Bringing^c hasIntermediatePlace^op some DesiredObjectDestination^c

Fetishism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fetishism

Description

CYC: A spec of ParaphilicSexualBehavior in which sexuoerotic arousal and facilitation or attainment of orgasm are responsive to, and contingent on a particular talisman or fetish object, substance, or part of the body belonging to the partner. Common objects of fetishistic behavior include feet, latex or rubber, and manekins.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fetishism' in WordNet:
         2. fetishism, fetichism - (sexual arousal or gratification
            resulting from handling a fetish (or a specific part 
            of the body other than the sexual organs))

Super-classes HumanActivity^c
Paraphilia^c

Fetus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fetus`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart and #$SolidTangibleThing, and an instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType. Each instance of this collection is a #$BiologicalLivingObject resident in a pregnant #$Mammal which, after the separation of the #$AmnioticSac, will develop into a mammalian baby. By contrast, the term #$Embryo means all tissue that has decended from the fertilized #$Ovum, including the fetal part of the #$Placenta (#$Placenta-FetalPortion), the #$AmnioticSac, and the #$UmbilicalCord, as well as the #$Fetus. (Thus note that a #$Fetus is an #$AnimalBodyPart not because it is a body-part of its mother, but because it is a body-part of its #$Embryo.) `NOTE: this type is noncommittal as to whether a ''Fetus'' can be considered as an instance of the type of ''Animal'' of which is is a LifeStage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fetus' in Wordnet: 1. fetus, foetus - (an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal)`
Super-classes	EmbryoOrFetus^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Fetal^c wasTheMainParticipantIn^op value Gestation^c
Sub-classes	HumanFetus^c

FetusAndPlacenta^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FetusAndPlacenta`
Description	The ''FetusAndPlacenta'' is the 'Pair'' of connected objects ''Fetus'' and ''Placenta'', inside a pregnant Mammal, while they are still ''InSitu'' inside the animal.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Placenta^c hasComponentElement^op value Fetus^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InSitu^c

Feudalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feudalism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feudalism' in WordNet: 1. feudalism, feudal system - (the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war)`
Super-classes	SocialSystem^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Vassal^c hasComponentElement^op value LiegeLord^c hasComponentElement^op min 2

Feuding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Feuding

Description

'Feuding'' is a dispute that continues, on and off, for more than a few days.

         NOTE:WN glos indicates 'two parties' but the 'parties' can be small
            groups or even clans that are tightly knit, feuding witheach other.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'feud' in WordNet:
         1. feud - (carry out a feud; 'The two professors have been feuding for years')
       WN noun 'feud':
         1. feud - (a bitter quarrel between two parties)

Super-classes Quarreling^c

Fever^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fever`
Description	A condition characterized by a high core body temperature and other symptoms. Not all situations in which the core temp is hot are fevers - exertion, for example, produces high core temp. This type is considered as an 'AilmentCondition': for the bare condition of an elevated body temperature that may not have an Ailment case, use 'HighBodyTemperature'. `This corresponds to sense 1 rather than sense 2 of 'fever' in RHW. For sense 2 use 'HighBodyTemperature'. 1. an abnormal condition of the body, characterized by undue rise in temperature, quickening of the pulse, and disturbance of various body functions. 2. an abnormally high body temperature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fever' in WordNet: 1. (4) fever, febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness - (a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c Symptom^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighInternalTemperature^c hasSymptom^op only HighBodyTemperature^c

Fiance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiance`
Description	Needs an 'isBetrothedTo' relation?? The relation 'isIntimateWith' substitutes for that more specialized relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiance' in WordNet: 1. fiance, groom-to-be - (a man who is engaged to be married)`
Super-classes	Man^c Betrothed^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value EngagedToBeMarried^c isIntimateWith^op some Fiancee^c

Fiancee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiancee`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiancee' in WordNet: 1. fiancee, bride-to-be - (a woman who is engaged to be married)`
Super-classes	Betrothed^c LadyFriend^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value EngagedToBeMarried^c isIntimateWith^op some Fiance^c

FiatObjectPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiatObjectPart`
Description	''FiatObjectPart'' is a BFO concept that allows any part of an object to be arbitrarily designated as a 'part' and assigned a term. This is most useful for naming parts of organisms, such as 'arm', 'leg', 'head', 'branch', 'membrane' where there may be no clean division of the part named from the remainder of the Whole object, i.e. the border region may be somewhat fuzzy or arbitrary. Vgue terms such as 'end', middle' 'top' etc. may also have fuzzy borders. `BFO: 'FiatObjectPart' BFO: Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. BFO: Examples: upper and lower lobes of the left lung, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, the east side of Saarbruecken, the lower right portion of a human torso. BFO: Synonyms: fiat substance part`
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Sub-classes	OrganismPart^c

FiatProcessPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiatProcessPart`
Description	COSMO: this BFO Type is interpreted as an Event, but one that is specifically represented as not a complete Event (i.e. not a 'Process' in BFO). It is unclear under what circumstances designating an Event as 'Fiat' will be useful, but this is included for compatibility. Also: fiat_process_part [BFO] BFO Definition: A processual entity that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. Examples: chewing during a meal, the middle part of a rainstorm, the worst part of a heart-attack, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life. COSMO note: In real physical Events, the precise boundaries can be fuzzy, but most Events of interest will have conceptually fairly well-defined beginnings and ends (periods duting which the fluents (attributes) of interest are static), even if those beginnings and ends stretch out over some period of time. We anticipate that most Events will be classified under 'Event' as subtypes of the BFO 'Pocess' which is intended to not be a Fiat Process (event). Thus this category may rarely if ever be used for classification.
Super-classes	SubEvent^c
Sub-classes	MiddleOfAnEvent^c

Fiber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiber`
Description	A ''Fiber'' is a ''StringOrline'' that is much longer than it is wide; the ratio of length/width should be at least 10. For ''Fiber''s that have only a single homogeneous line (rather than multiple twisted or braided lines) use subtype ''Filament''. `Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Fiber is a solid substance with high tenacity and high ratio of length to diameter. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'fiber' in WordNet, but this is an Object, not a Substance: in WordNet: 1. (15) fiber, fibre - (a slender and greatly elongated solid substance)`
Super-classes	CordlikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c
Sub-classes	Raveling^c Bristle^c Filament^c

Fiber-Optic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiber-Optic

Description

'Fiber-Optic' is a pertaining attribute relating to ''FiberOptics'' and the ''OpticalFiber'' used to transmit Information signals.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fiber-optic' in Wordnet:
         1. fiber-optic, fiberoptic, fibre-optic, fibreoptic - (of or relating to fiber optics)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
Studious^c

FiberGlass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiberGlass

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces of #$FiberGlass, the building material. Basically, fiberglass consists of glass fibers held together by a binding agent, such as resin or epoxy.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiberglass' in WordNet:
          1. (1) fiberglass, fibreglass - (a covering material made of glass fibers in resins)

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c
Glass^c
ArtificialSubstance^c
FibrousSubstance^c

FiberOpticCable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiberOpticCable`
Description	A ''FiberOpticCable'' is a ''TransmissionLine'' consisting of 'OpticalFiber''s
Super-classes	TransmissionLine^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value FiberOptics^c

FiberOptics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiberOptics`
Description	''FiberOptics'' is the Action of ''TransmittingInformation'' through a fiber optic cable `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiber optics' in WordNet: 1. fiber optics, fiberoptics, fibre optics, fibreoptics - (the transmission of light signals via glass fibers)`
Super-classes	TransmittingInformation^c
Restrictions	uses^op value FiberOpticCable^c uses^op value OpticalFiber^c

Fibrous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fibrous

Description

COSMO note: This is an AttributeValue. For objects that are fibrous, use 'FibrousObject'.

    Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible
        composed mainly of #$Fibers.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fibrous' in Wordnet:
           1. hempen, fibrous - (having or resembling fibers especially fibers used
              in making cordage such as those of jute)

Super-classes Solid^c

FibrousObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FibrousObject`
Description	Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible composed mainly of #$Fibers..
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c ObjectWithAttribute^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fibrous^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value FibrousSubstance^c
Sub-classes	TextileArtifact^c PieceOfString^c PieceOfRope^c PaperObject^c Burr^c NutShell^c Wick^c

FibrousSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FibrousSubstance`
Description	A Substance that is composed mostly of fibers. Cotton, Linen, Paper, Wool.
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fibrous^c
Sub-classes	Linen^c Cotton^c Satin^c WallPaper^c ShreddedWheat^c Lace^c Hemp^c HairLikeSubstance^c SilkOrLace^c SilkFabric^c Thread^c Muslin^c Silk^c FiberGlass^c

Fibula^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fibula`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fibula' in WordNet: 1. fibula, calf bone - (the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle)`
Super-classes	LegBone^c LongBone^c

Fiction-DerivedWorks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiction-DerivedWorks`
Description	A 'Fiction-DerivedWorks' is a Group of any one or series of conceptual works, such as Novels, Movies or plays, that is derived from and has similar characters as some fiction (Novel, Play, television series, etc.) that is the original work in which the setting first occurred. A NovelSeries is a subtype of this type, considered as derived from the first novel of the series.
Super-classes	FictionalContext^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c Group^c Story^c
Sub-classes	NovelSeries^c
In domain of	wasOriginallyCreatedBy^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissNelsonIsMissing http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeterPanStories

Fictional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fictional

Description

'Fictional' is the attribute of anything that appears in a Fiction.

      The part of sense 1 of 'fictional' that means 'pertaining to fiction'
        is not included here.  This is for entities that are created by the
        imagination, and portrayed in some fictional story.

      This corresponds to part of sense 1 and 2 of 'fictional' in WordNet:
       1. (7) fictional - (related to or involving literary fiction; 
          'clever fictional devices'; 'a fictional treatment of the train robbery')
       2. (3) fabricated, fancied, fictional, fictitious, invented, made-up -
           (formed or conceived by the imagination; 'a fabricated excuse for his absence'; 
           'a fancied wrong'; 'a fictional character'; 'used fictitious names'; 'a made-up story')

Super-classes Imaginary^c

FictionalCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalCharacter`
Description	COSMO note: this is a character as represented in a work of fiction, whether or not the fiction is based on reality and portrays actual people. In addition to fictional people, this type also includes other agents such as automatons (robots) and animals, including anthropomorphic animals that can talk and behave like people, as in children's tales. It may also portray magical, supernatural or sythological agents such as angels and demons. For fictional persons (including those based on real people), use the subtype 'FictionalPerson'. NOTE that a 'FictionalCharacter' is an 'IntentionalAgent', distinguishing it from inanimate fictional things. NOTE that a 'FictionalCharacter' is a MentalObject representing some physical agent, and can never be identical to the physical agent portrayed. If some real-world agent is in fact intended to be portrayed, the relation 'isaFictionalPortrayalOf' can point to that real-world agent. Cyc: This is the collection of instances of #$FictionalThing which are also instances of #$Agent. Thus #$FictionalCharacter excludes such instances of #$FictionalThing as Golden Mountains, which are instances of #$FictionalThing, but are not instances of #$Agent. NOTE: the parent type ''GenericAgent'; is added to 'FictionalCharacter''s to be described as doing some things that agents can do, and ''MentalObject''s normally can't do. The WordNet sense 1 of 'character' gloss suggests that it applies only to people,but that sense is the closest to the meaning of this type: in WordNet: 1. (16) fictional character, fictitious character, character - (an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story); 'she is the main character in the novel') WN 'imaginary being' 1. imaginary being, imaginary creature - (a creature of the imagination; a person that exists only in legends or myths or fiction)
Super-classes	IntentionalAgent^c GenericAgent^c FictionalObject^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op some (AgentType^c or AgentiveObject^c)
Sub-classes	ComicBookCharacter^c FictionalPerson^c FictionalIntelligentAgent^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarryPotter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarmerMcGregor http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snoopy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeterPan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeterRabbit http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViolaSwamp

FictionalContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalContext`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$FictionalOrMythologicalContexts which are (1) created intentionally, not by error or chance or gradual evolution and accretion in a culture, and (2) typically are the information content of some #$InformationBearingThing, and (3) are not expected (by their creator) to be believed as factual, nor do their creators believe them to be factual. In addition to asserting fictional propositions about existing things, a #$FictionalContext may include terms for nonexistent things. Examples: #$MiddleEarthMt, #$AdventuresOfHuckleberryFinn.
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c FictionalOrMythologicalContext^c
Sub-classes	Movie^c Fiction-DerivedWorks^c Myth^c FictionalStory^c CartoonStrip^c MysteryStory^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpidermanComicsAndMovies http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleEarth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#COSMO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeterRabbitNovels http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissNelsonIsMissing http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeterPanStories

FictionalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalEvent`
Description	A ''FictionalEvent'' is a ''FictionalThing'' that has many of the characteristics of an Event, but, being Fictional, may contradict the properties of real-world Events. Since ''Object'' and ''Event'' in COSMO are disjoint, this cannot be a subtype of ''Event'' but can be treated as though it can have properties like those of real-world Events, but may have other properties as well. A oommon example would be TimeTravel.
Super-classes	FictionalThing^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op some (EventType^c or Event^c or LocationType^c or FictionalLocation^c) occurredAt^op some (EventType^c or Event^c or LocationType^c or FictionalLocation^c)
Sub-classes	TimeTravel^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatCatchingCOVID19

FictionalGoodGuy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalGoodGuy`
Description	A 'FictionalGoodGuy' is a ''FictionalCharacter'' portrayed in a 'FictionalStory' who does good things, and is opposed by a 'Villain'. This type requires a 'Villain' opponent. Good characters who are not opposed are not instances of this type. `Corresponds only approximately to a subtype of noun sense 1 of 'good guy' in WordNet: 1. (1) good guy - (any person who is on your side)`
Super-classes	FictionalIntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fictional^c wasOpposedBy^op value FictionalVillain^c existsInContext^op value FictionalOrMythologicalContext^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value DesirableEvent^c
Sub-classes	FictionalHero^c

FictionalHero^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalHero`
Description	A ''FictionalHero'' is a 'FictionalGoodGuy' (male or female) who performs heroic deeds, like a Human ''GenericHero''.
Super-classes	FictionalGoodGuy^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value GenericHero^c
Sub-classes	Superhero^c

FictionalIntelligentAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalIntelligentAgent`
Description	A 'FictionalIntelligentAgent' is a ''FictionalCharacter'' that is able to speak, in the fictional context.
Super-classes	FictionalCharacter^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Gnome^c FictionalGoodGuy^c Superhero^c Protagonist^c Elf^c

FictionalLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalLocation`
Description	A ''FictionalLocation'' is a ''FictionalThing'' that has many of the characteristics of a GenericLocation, but, being Fictional, may contradict the properties of real-world Events. Since ''Object'' and ''Event'' in COSMO are disjoint, this cannot be a subtype of ''Event'' but can be treated as though it can have properties like those of real-world Events, but may have other properties as well. A oommon example would be TimeTravel.
Super-classes	FictionalThing^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c)

FictionalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalObject`
Description	COSMO note: this is a character as represented in a work of fiction,
Super-classes	Object^c FictionalThing^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some (AgentType^c or AgentiveObject^c or LocationType^c or FictionalLocation^c or ContextType^c or Context^c) isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op some (AgentType^c or AgentiveObject^c or LocationType^c or FictionalLocation^c or ContextType^c or Context^c)
Sub-classes	Beagle-Fict^c Alien^c Android^c FictionalCharacter^c

FictionalOrMythologicalContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalOrMythologicalContext`
Description	COSMO note: a 'FictionalOrMythologicalContext' in Cyc is a subtypes of Microtheory, which in Cyc serves a similar purpose to 'Context' in COSMO. For COSMO, 'Microtheory' has been reinterpreted to have more assertional character, so Fictional contextx have been removed from under Microtheory up to be a dubtype of 'Context' Cyc: A specialization of #$ConjecturalContext. Each instance MT of #$FictionalOrMythologicalContext is a microtheory for which the following property holds: there is at least one assertion ASSERT which holds in MT (so that (#$ist MT ASSERT) is true), but which is widely believed to be false. Although microtheories with this property would appear to have limited utility, they can be useful in reasoning about the content of fictional works or the content of certain belief systems. An important specialization of #$FictionalOrMythologicalContext is #$FictionalContext (q.v.)
Super-classes	Context^c
Sub-classes	FictionalContext^c

FictionalPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalPerson`
Description	A 'FictionalCharacter' that is supposed to be a human being, in the context of the fictional story. See 'FictionalCharacter' for more detail about Fictional agents. Note that if a character in a work of fiction is based on or portrays a real person, that person should be referenced by use of the relation 'isaFictionalPortrayalOf'. The persons in works of fiction, even if they purport to adhere closely to historical fact, are not to be confused with real people; a FictionalCharacter is not a PhysicalObject, whereas a real Person is. To relate a 'FictionalPerson' to a real Peson or type of Person that it is intended to portray, the relation 'isaFictionalPortrayalOf' can be used with a value of an individual real person, or just 'Person' or some subtype of 'PersonType' (such as 'Nurse' or 'Teacher', for a generic type not representing a real individual). The WordNet sense 1 of 'character' gloss suggests that it applies only to people; in COSMO in addition to this type, the Wordnet sense 1 has been mapped to 'FictionalCharacter', which may represent any agent, not only people. in WordNet: 1. (16) fictional character, fictitious character, character - (an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story); 'she is the main character in the novel')
Super-classes	FictionalCharacter^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op some (PersonType^c or Person^c)

FictionalStory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalStory`
Description	A work of Fiction in any form, Novel, short story, Movie, etc. Any work that is described by its author as a work of fiction, even if it is 'based on real events'. `For works that are largely imagined rather than hoonestly intended to relate observable facts, but are nevertheless presented as facts, use ''QuestionableInformation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiction' in WordNet: 1. (14) fiction - (a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact)`
Super-classes	FictionalText^c FictionalContext^c ProseLiteraryWork^c Story^c
Sub-classes	ShortStory^c Adventure-Genre^c Novel^c FantasyStory^c Legend^c Fable^c LoveStory^c

FictionalText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalText`
Description	The class of AbstractTexts that purport to be largely a product of the author's imagination, i.e. the author does not believe that most of the content conveyed by the text is an accurate depiction of the real world. Note that something can be an instance of FictionalText, even if it is completely true. Whether something is a FictionalText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating the text. (from SUMO). `Some FictionalText is 'based on' factual events, but the reader may not be able to distinguish the fact from the fiction and it must be classified as ''FictionalText''. Noun sense 1 of 'fiction' in WordNet is represented by subtype ''FictionalStory''. Unclear whether these should be merged. 1. (14) fiction - (a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact)`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c FictionalThing^c
Sub-classes	FictionalStory^c

FictionalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalThing`
Description	COSMO note: COSMO treats FictionalThings differently from CYC. The problem with FitionalThings is that the properties of FictionalThings in the Fictional context can be quite different from the properties in the real world; to avoid logical inconsistencies two tactics are used: (1) the relation between fictional things and the types of things they are supposed to represent is specified by using the relation 'isaFictionalPortrayalOf', which can point to a type of Object or Event, or to an individual Object or Event. (2) ''FictionalThing''s are located in some ''FictionalContext' The fact that the truth of assertions is usually only evaluated in a specific context also provides a barrier to logical inconsistency even if the properties of the fictional things are nonstandard, but making assertions in Fiction different in kind from those about real-world things should make the task of avoiding contradiction easier. NOTE: this usage presents some complications in referring to FictionalThings. particularly when it might be convenient to assert that a FictionalThing is a subtype of a PhysicalObject, which cannot be done in the COSMO context. In CYC the microtheories allow more flexibility, but this foundation ontology is intended to be as comprehensive as possible at the most general level. In CYC the baseKB cannot have fictional things, to avoid this problem. The COSMO is in effect a large 'baseKB' and needs some alternative way to sole he problem. Some difficulties can be avoided clumsily by creating a 'fictional' counterpart to the real-world object linked by a ''isaFictionalPortrayalOf'' for each entity that is to be described. In addition, since the metatypes are not disjoint with each other, the metatypes can be used to allow use of relations that normally apply only to physical objects. Probably there is a better way, but that may require FOL and functions. See "Snoopy" for an example. Perhaps a simpler solution would be for a ''FictionalThing'' to not be considered as a ''MentalObject''. This needs furher consideration. @ToDo: try alternatives to see which is most conspicuous as well as being However if an entity is a''MythicalThing'' or ''Supernatural'' hypothetical,it is not necessarily disjoint with PhysicalObjects, so unless something is clearly 'fictional', drawn from some existing work of fiction, using ''Mythical'' or hypothetical allows reasoning as though it is a Physical thing. One paper dealing with the complexity of relations between Fictional and Real-Worlds things is: Free Description Logic for Ontologists by: Fabian NEUHAUS and Oliver KUTZ and Guendalina RIGHETTI ( http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2708/foust6.pdf ) There may be AttributeValues that can only exist in a Fiction, but these can be contained within the base COSMO ontology with the provision that they can only be applied to FictionalEvents or FictionalObjects. Cyc: The collection of all objects that are #$TemporalThings (beings, magical artifacts, spells, etc.) in fictional works but not extant in the world modeled by the KB in which something is asserted to be an instance of this. This collection should have no instances in #$BaseKB or other general microtheories, but be restricted to microtheories dealing with the real world or some fictional world. Note that instances of #$FictionalContext or stories about #$FictionalThings are not themselves #$FictionalThings, unless they are only defined as existing in some #$FictionalContext. COSMO note: In Cyc FictionalThing is a subtype of TemporalThing, but in COSMO TemporalThings is redefined not to include objects, so this category has been reassigned as a subtype of 'MentalObject' and the more general category 'Individual'.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Fictional^c existsInContext^op some (ObjectType^c or EventType^c or Object^c or SituationProcessEventOrState^c or FictionalContext^c or ContextType^c) isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op some (ObjectType^c or EventType^c or Object^c or SituationProcessEventOrState^c or FictionalContext^c or ContextType^c)
Sub-classes	Antigravity^c FictionalLocation^c Dragon^c FictionalObject^c FictionalEvent^c FictionalText^c Monster^c
In domain of	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tinkerbell http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsCosmoAccount http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericCosmoBank

FictionalVillain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FictionalVillain`
Description	A 'Villain' is a 'BadGuy' who is portrayed in a 'FictionalStory'. This is specifically used for 'BadGuys' who are Fictional. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'villain' in WordNet: 2. (1) villain, baddie - (the principle bad character in a film or work of fiction)`
Super-classes	BadGuy^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fictional^c existsInContext^op some FictionalOrMythologicalContext^c

Fidget^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fidget`
Description	A ''Fidget'' is a Person who is ''Fidgeting''> `NO WN sense: RHW 'fidget': 4. Also, fidgeter: a person who fidgets.`
Super-classes	UnpleasantPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Restless^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Fidgeting^c

Fidgeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fidgeting`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fidget' in WordNet: 1. (2) fidget - (move restlessly; 'The child is always fidgeting in his seat')`
Super-classes	Motion^c BodyMovementEvent^c

Fiduciary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiduciary`
Description	A ''Fiduciary'' is a ''Person'' who is a ''LegalAgent'' who manages and controls some ''Asset'' for some other Agent. This Role may be only part of a Person's activities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiduciary' in WordNet: 1. fiduciary - (a person who holds assets in trust for a beneficiary; 'it is illegal for a fiduciary to misappropriate money for personal gain')`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c
Restrictions	controls^op some Asset^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value GuardingProperty^c
Sub-classes	Executor^c Trustee^c Steward^c MoneyHandler^c

Field^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Field`
Description	A LandArea that has been cleared of BotanicalTrees. Note that a Field is not necessarily used for the cultivation of crops and that a Field may be very small, e.g. Lawn is a subclass of Field. An instance of 'Field' will typically be a lot smaller than an instance of 'Plain'. `A Field is not necessarily flat, it can have small hills, but as a 'GroundorFloor' it is (relatively) Horizontal. Note that this is both a 'Ground' (made of ground stuff) and a 'GroundOrFloor' (a relatively horizontal support where animals can wander). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field' in WordNet: 1. (49) field - (a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed; 'he planted a field of wheat')`
Super-classes	OutdoorObject^c Ground^c GroundOrFloor^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value Tree^c
Sub-classes	GrainField^c Lawn^c Meadow^c

FieldArtillery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FieldArtillery`
Description	Large-caliber mounted guns, usually operated by a crew working together to load, aim, and fire. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field artillery' in WordNet: 1. field artillery, field gun - (movable artillery (other than antiaircraft) used by armies in the field (especially for direct support of front-line troops))`
Super-classes	Gun^c MilitaryWeapon^c
Sub-classes	Artillery-Towed^c Howitzer^c Artillery-SelfPropelled^c

FieldGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FieldGame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field game' in WordNet: 1. field game - (an outdoor game played on a field of specified dimensions)`
Super-classes	FieldSportsEvent^c OutdoorGame^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value AthleticField^c
Sub-classes	LacrosseGame^c PoloGame^c

FieldGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FieldGoal`
Description	A ''FieldGoal'' is a ''ScoringaGoal'' in a ''FootballGame-American'' that gives ''ThreePoints'' to the scoring team; this is accomplished by kicking the ball, rather than by carrying it over the goal line, as in a ''Touchdown''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field goal' in WordNet: 1. (2) field goal - (a score in American football; a score made by kicking the ball between the opponents' goal posts)`
Super-classes	ScoringaGoal^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value FootballGame-American^c hasResult^op value ThreePoints^c

FieldOfExpertise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FieldOfExpertise

Description

A ''FieldOfExpertise'' is in many respects similar to a ''FieldOfStudy'' but the distinction in COSMO is that a ''FieldOfExpertise'' is the field in which an ''Expert'' is knowledgeable. Although both ''FieldOfStudy'' and ''FieldOfExpertise'' include both a ''BodyOfAcceptedLore'' and a ''Methodology'', the ''Methodology'' is more prominent and important in a ''FieldOfExpertise'' because the ''Expert'needs procedural knowledge in order to perform practical tasks in the field, while someone studying a ''FieldofStudy'' may have little need for the procedural knowledge in order to satisfy her/his interest in the field.

  This may be viewed as broader in some intuitive respects  than the parent
      type  ''FieldOfStudy'' by  requiring some aspects of proceural lore that are not 
      required for  a  formal discipline, but logically either a ''FieldOfExpertise''
      or a ''FieldOfStudy'' may include any element of the lore or procedural knowledge,
      so they are not distinguished by the scope of knowledge involved, only by the
      emphasis.

  Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'field' and sense 3 of 'subject'  in WordNet:
      4. (18) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field,
         field, field of study, study, bailiwick, branch of knowledge -
         (a branch of knowledge; 'in what discipline is his doctorate?';
         'teachers should be well trained in their subject'; 
         'anthropology is the study of human beings')

Super-classes FieldOfStudy^c

FieldOfStudy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FieldOfStudy`
Description	A FieldOfStudy is a composite object, including both the accepted knowledge - the lore - of some recognized field of knowledge, and also the theories and the methodology that the practitioners in the field use to discover or create new information in that field. The paradigms discussed by Thomas Kuhn in his book 'The Structure of Scientific Reolutions' is included in the 'methodology' component, and also contains the models and exemplar experiments and results. The representations in SUMO and Cyc do not correspond exactly to this representation. Termed 'FieldOfStudy' in both Cyc and SUMO. NOTE that in general a 'FieldOfStudy'' ''hasComponentElement'' ''Methodology'', but in some cases a 'FieldOfStudy'' is a subtype of ''Methodology''. See for example ''Rhetoric''. NOTE: what might be considered as instances of this Type, e.g. Chemistry, Physics, are represented as subtypes. This is to allow specializations of the broad fields (e.g. Biochemistry, NuclearPhysics) to be properly represented as subtypes, and those especializations might in turn have specializations. Fields of study are not considered as conceptual individuals in COSMO. This differs from the Cyc documentation. Note also that because there are no instances, the restrictions below will never apply to any specific thing - rather, they are placeholders for axioms that can be used in inferencing on classes of things, when this ontology is ported to FOL, and are also intended to clarify the intended meaning. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A specialization of #$AbstractInformationalThing. Each instance of #$FieldOfStudy is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of #$FieldOfStudy are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of #$AcademicDepartment (q.v.), although one #$AcademicDepartment may cover several instances of #$FieldOfStudy. Instances of #$FieldOfStudy include #$ArtHistory, #$Physics, and #$ArtificialIntelligence. SUMO: An academic or applied discipline with recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note that FieldOfStudy is a subclass of Proposition, because a FieldOfStudy is understood to be a body of abstract, informational content, with varying degrees of certainty attached to each element of this content. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field ofstudy' and sense 4 of 'field' and sense 3 of 'subject' and sense 1 of 'discipline' in WordNet: 4. (18) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick, branch of knowledge - (a branch of knowledge; 'in what discipline is his doctorate?'; 'teachers should be well trained in their subject'; 'anthropology is the study of human beings')
Super-classes	DomainOfKnowledge^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some BodyOfAcceptedLore^c hasComponentElement^op some Methodology^c
Sub-classes	Statistics^c Arithmetic^c Jurisprudence^c Trigonometry^c LiteraryStudy^c Geometry^c Logic^c Rhetoric^c Calculus^c Topology^c Algebra^c Mathematics^c Humanities^c Art^c FieldOfExpertise^c Science^c Theology^c Neuroscience^c
In domain of	hasBranch^op
In range of	hasBranch^op

FieldSportsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FieldSportsEvent`
Description	A SportsEvent that is conducted in an open field, including tennis games.
Super-classes	SportsEvent^c AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value AthleticField^c
Sub-classes	Racing^c Race^c FieldGame^c BaseballEvent^c BallGame^c Bullfight^c TennisGame^c

FieldWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FieldWork`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field work' in WordNet: 1. field work - (an investigation carried out in the field rather than in a laboratory or headquarters)`
Super-classes	Research^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value TheWorkingField^c

Fielder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fielder`
Description	The entry ''Fielder'' in WordNet includes all positions in the 'field', including catcher and pitcher. But it is most commonly used to refer to an ''Outfielder''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fielder' in WordNet: 1. (1) fielder - (a member of the baseball team that is in the field instead of at bat)`
Super-classes	BaseballPlayer^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value BaseballField^c
Sub-classes	Outfielder^c

Fieldwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fieldwork`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fieldwork' in WordNet: 1. fieldwork - (a temporary fortification built by troops in the field)`
Super-classes	Fortification^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c isLocatedAt^op value Battlefield^c

Fierce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fierce`
Description	''Fierce'' is a subtype of ''Emotional'' characterizing Animals (especially people) who react or tend to react with strong, sometimes violent emotion to situations that do not usually produce such reaction in others. . Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'fierce' in Wordnet: 2. (5) fierce, tearing, vehement, violent, trigger-happy - (marked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions; inclined to react violently; fervid; 'fierce loyalty'; 'in a tearing rage'; 'vehement dislike'; 'violent passions')
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c Emotional^c PersonTraitValue^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value ViolentAction^c

Fiercely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiercely

Description

''Fiercely'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that are performed with energy and deep emotion. The referenced attributes seem to both relate to this manner adverb.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'fiercely' in WordNet:
           2. fiercely - (in an emotionally fierce manner;
             'she was fiercely proud of her children')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Fiery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fiery

Description

This sense of ''Fiery'' is very broad, and used mostly in a figurative sense, meaning 'comparatively very hot'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'fiery' in Wordnet:
          2. (2) fiery, igneous - (like or suggestive of fire; 'the burning sand';
             'a fiery desert wind'; 'an igneous desert atmosphere')

Super-classes Hot^c

Fifth-Volume^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fifth-Volume

Description

A ''Fifth-Volume'' is an English unit of volume equal to 1/5 of a UnitedStatesGallon. This is a common quantity for Whiskey sold in bottles.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fifth' in WordNet:
        1. (1) fifth - (a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon)

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

FifthPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FifthPlace`
Description
Super-classes	ContestRank^c

Fig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fig`
Description	A Fruit that grows on a FigTree. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'fig' in WordNet: 4. fig - (fleshy sweet pear-shaped yellowish or purple multiple fruit eaten fresh or preserved or dried)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c Ovoid^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.5^c isTheFruitOfa^op value FigTree^c

FigTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FigTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fig' and sense 1 of 'common fig tree' in WordNet: 2. fig, common fig, common fig tree, Ficus carica - (Mediterranean tree widely cultivated for its edible fruit)`
Super-classes	Tree^c FruitTree^c NettleOrder^c

Fight-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fight-Physical`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$ConflictEvents in which two or more #$competingAgents try to subdue each other by inflicting physical injury. A #$Fight-Physical may be between individuals or between groups, and may involve weapons or not. The #$competingAgents may be #$Persons or #$NonPersonAnimals. The fighting must be mutual; if one side refuses to attack the other or tries to flee instead of attacking, it is not a #$Fight-Physical. For the more specific military battles (not included in this type), use 'MilitaryEngagement'. The noun 'comnbat' as in 'single combat' to refer to a fight between individuals is included; for the military sense of combat, see 'Combat'. COSMO note: This is interpreted very generally. See also 'ChemicalAttack' - if by a terrorist the purpose may not be to subdue, but to damage and terrorized the victims and their compatriots. Similar to SUMO 'ViolentContest': A Contest where one participant attempts to physically injure another participant. This includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'fight', verb sense 1 of 'fight', and noun sense 1 of 'fighting' and noun sense 2 of 'combat' in WordNet: 1. (268) fight, fighting, combat, scrap - (the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; 'a fight broke out at the hockey game'; 'there was fighting in the streets'; 'the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap') 3. (108) fight - (a boxing or wrestling match; 'the fight was on television last night') WN verb 'fight": 1. (112) contend, fight, struggle - (be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight; 'the tribesmen fought each other'; 'Siblings are always fighting'; 'Militant groups are contending for control of the country')
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c ViolentAction^c
Sub-classes	Skirmish^c GangFight^c CombatSportsEvent^c KarateEvent^c ChemicalAttack^c Brawl^c Battle^c Fray^c BoxingMatch^c Scuffling^c FencingMatch^c

Fighter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fighter`
Description	A ''Fighter'' is any Person who performs any of the subtypes of ''Fight-Physical'' including boxing, wrestling, and warfare. A ''Fighter'' may use a Weapon, or just her/his fists or feet. `This is the most generic fighter, with no types intermediate between this and ''Person''. More specialized types have other labels. The military 'fighter' is represented by subtypes ''Warrior' and ''Combatant''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fighter' in WordNet: 1. (6) combatant, battler, belligerent, fighter, scrapper - (someone who fights (or is fighting))`
Super-classes	Person^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Fight-Physical^c typicallyUsesDevice^op value Weapon^c
Sub-classes	Wrestler^c Warrior^c Boxer^c

FightingaFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FightingaFire`
Description	''FightingaFire'' is an Action in which some person or group attempts to extinguish a ''Fire''. This is an 'AttemptingActivity'', since not all attempts at fighting fires (especially large-area fires). This is for 'FireFighting'' performed by organized groups including mostly ''Firefighter''s,whether professional or volunteers with local volunteer fire departments. `firefighting`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value ExtinguishingaFire^c isPerformedBy^op value Firefighter^c hasAttemptedAction^op value ExtinguishingaFire^c

Figurative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Figurative`
Description	An attribute of linguistic usage opposite to ''Literal'', in which words are intended to have meanings that are not the original and standard dictionary eanings. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'figurative' in WordNet: 1. (3) figurative, nonliteral - ((used of the meanings of words or text) not literal; using figures of speech; 'figurative language')`
Super-classes	NonConforming^c
Sub-classes	Metaphorical^c

Figure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Figure

Description

A 'Figure' is an Illustration that is part of an AbstractDocument. This is a necessary and sufficient definition, and an Illustration is a COSMO 'Figure' whether it is or is not called a 'figure' in the document.

    Ex: MadonnaAndChildV7 in TheBookOfKells

     This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'figure' in WordNet:
     1. (67) figure, fig - (a diagram or picture illustrating textual material;
      'the area covered can be seen from Figure 2')

Super-classes Illustration^c

Figure-Geometrical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Figure-Geometrical`
Description	The Cyc term for 'GeometricFigure'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

FigureOfSpeech^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FigureOfSpeech`
Description	A ''FigureOfSpeech''is a 'RhetoricalManeuver' (use of a linguistic phrase of any length) in which the speaker or writer uses words in a non-literal manner to convey an idea in the anticipation that the intended meaning will be conveyed more effectively and convincingly than by using strictly literal phrases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'figure of speech' in WordNet: 1. (1) trope, figure of speech, figure, image - (language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense)`
Super-classes	RhetoricalManeuver^c
Sub-classes	Simile^c Metaphor^c

Figurine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Figurine`
Description	CYC: A collection of small carved or molded #$Sculptures. These are usually #$Collectibles. #$Figurines range in quality, but the more typical ones of high quality are made of #$Porcelain or #$Crystal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'figurine' in Wordnet: 1. (1) figurine, statuette - (a small carved or molded figure)`
Super-classes	ModelFigure^c Collectible^c Sculpture^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Sub-classes	Oscar-Figurine^c Lladro-Figurine^c

Filament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filament`
Description	This ''Filament'' is a single strand of some very narrow ''CordlikeObject'', with an approximate circular cross-section that may be a component of and distinct from the 'cords' and ''HairBraid''s and 'cables' and 'threads' consisting of multiple single filaments of some material twisted together. `NOTE: 'fibril' may have uses that do not conform to this sense. Perhaps a different entry such as 'biofibril' for string-like organism components is needed? NOTE2: for organic material produced by organisms, the term 'strand' is used as a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'filament' in WordNet: 1. fibril, filament, strand - (a very slender natural or synthetic fiber)`
Super-classes	Fiber^c
Sub-classes	Strand^c GlassFiber^c RayonFiber^c

FilamentlikeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilamentlikeObject`
Description	An object, not an attribute: a filament-like object. The distinguishing characteristic is a length/width ratio that should be at least 6 (greater than a short-ish LongAndThinThing which may be as small as 3). This type of Object can be thin like the axon of a neuron, or a hair or a microbe's flagellum, but can be quite thick, like a 'cable' holding up a bridge, it merely has to be long and thin and have sufficient flexibility to form an arc when suspended from two supports at a distance typical for its use (if it is an artifact object). It can have a round cross-section (a rope or have a cross-section in which one length is significantly greater than the other, like a ''Ribbon'.
Super-classes	LongAndThinObject^c
Sub-classes	ClosedLoopObject^c RibbonlikeObject^c CordlikeObject^c

File-Tool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#File-Tool`
Description	A 'File-Tool' is an elongated HandTool typically made of a hard metal, having narrowly spaced raised ridges, used to abrade objects by drawing the file across the object to be abraded, thereby removing small pieces from the surface of the object. Files are commonly flat, long, thing, and ribbon shaped) but can also be round or triangular. NOTE: @ToDo: as a temporary measure, an emory-board 'nail file' will be included in this type, but should be distinguished. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'file' in WordNet: 4. (1) file - - (a steel hand tool with small sharp teeth on some or all of its surfaces; used for smoothing wood or metal)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c HandTool^c SimpleTool^c HardwareTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value RoughSurface^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value FilingSomething^c

FileCabinet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FileCabinet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'file cabinet' in WordNet: 1. (1) file, file cabinet, filing cabinet - (office furniture consisting of a container for keeping papers in order)`
Super-classes	OfficeFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c StorageConstruct^c Object-SupportingFurniture^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value PaperFile^c

FileClerk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FileClerk`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'file clerk' in WordNet: 1. file clerk, filing clerk, filer - (a clerk who is employed to maintain the files of an organization)`
Super-classes	ClericalWorker^c

FileFolder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FileFolder`
Description	A ''FileFolder'' is a ''Folder'' that is designed to hold ''Paperdocument''s in a ''FileCabinet'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'file folder' in WordNet: 1. file folder - (folder that holds papers together in a filing cabinet)`
Super-classes	Folder^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value PaperDocument^c

Filibusterer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filibusterer`
Description	A ''Filibusterer'' is a ''Legislator'' who performs a ''Filibustering'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'filibusterer' in WordNet: 1. filibuster, filibusterer - (a legislator who gives long speeches in an effort to delay or obstruct legislation that he (or she) opposes)`
Super-classes	Legislator^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Filibustering^c

Filibustering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filibustering`
Description	''Filibustering'' is a ''DelayingAction'' performed by some ''Legislator'' that intentionally causes a ''Delaying'' in some ''Legislating'' Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'filibuster' in Wordnet: 1. filibuster - (obstruct deliberately by delaying; of legislation) WN noun 'filibuster': 2. filibuster - (a tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches)`
Super-classes	Speaking^c PurposefulAction^c DelayingAction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Legislating^c isPerformedBy^op value Legislator^c

FilicopsidaClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilicopsidaClass`
Description	A biological class within the plant kingdom which includes the TrueFerns
Super-classes	PterophytinaSubdivision^c
Sub-classes	Fern^c

FilingNails^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilingNails`
Description	The event in which fingernails or toenails are filed in order to smooth or shape them. A nail file or emery board is held throughout.
Super-classes	FilingSomething^c PersonalGrooming^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value DigitNail^c

FilingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilingSomething`
Description	The event in which some object is abraded using a file. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'file' in WordNet: 2. (10) file - - (smooth with a file; 'file one's fingernails')`
Super-classes	AbradingSomething^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value File-Tool^c
Sub-classes	FilingNails^c

FilingaDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilingaDocument`
Description	'''FilingaDocument' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' Action in which some ''PaperDocument'' is placed into a ''FileFolder'' . `archive, file away Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'file' in WordNet: 5. (1) file, file away - (place in a container for keeping records; 'File these bills, please')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c Paperwork^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value FileFolder^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c hadObjectMoved^op value PaperFile^c
Sub-classes	Archiving^c

Filipino^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filipino`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Filipino' in WordNet: 1. (1) Filipino - (a native or inhabitant of the Philippines)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philippines^c

FilledFormField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilledFormField`
Description	Each ''BlankField''is a 'BlankSpace' in some generic ''Page'', that is also an identifiable ''PageField'' that may or may not be fillable. This can also represent the remaining ''BlankField''s that have not been filled in on a that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. "StructuredInformationBearingObject" `NOTE that the part that is 'blank' in a ''BlankField'' does not include the field label. So if a fillable field has a label (specifying what is to be filled in) as well as a blank space, the label will be part of the field, and the ''BlankField'' will be part of the field, if it has not been filled in.`
Super-classes	FormField^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value FilledIn^c

FilledIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilledIn`
Description	''FilledIn'' is an Attribute of a ''FormField'' that went from ''Blank'' to not ''Blank'' due to a ''FillingInBlankSpace'' Action (on a physical form or on a computer page).
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Filler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filler`
Description	Each 'Filler' is a 'PhysicalObject' (which may be substance-like, as a granulated material) added to another 'PhysicalObject' in an 'AddingEvent', to fill in space, without adding to the functionality (as in a shipping container). It is not totally functionless, being useful, e.g. to minimize damage in shipping, but is not the important part of the whole. `This is not the abstract text used as 'filler' in publishing: 3. filler - (copy to fill space between more important articles in the layout of a magazine or newspaper) This sense is not yet (rev1119) represented. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'filler' in WordNet: 4. makeweight, filler - (anything added to fill out a whole; 'some of the items in the collection are mere makeweights')`
Super-classes	AddedObject^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unimportant^c

Fillet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fillet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fillet' in WordNet: 1. fillet, filet - (a boneless steak cut from the tenderloin of beef)`
Super-classes	Beefsteak^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value TenderloinOfBeef^c

Filling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filling`
Description	A ''Filling'' is a semisolid Food mixture that is contained in some ''FoodObject'', which may be an open-top container (Pie crust or Tortilla) or a shaped wraping, often some form of bread or cake, as in certain types of donut or cookie or 'wrap'. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'filling' in WordNet: 4. filling - (a food mixture used to fill pastry or sandwiches etc.)`
Super-classes	SemiSolidSubstance^c FoodConcoction^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op value FoodObject^c
Sub-classes	TacoFilling^c FruitFilling^c PieFilling^c

FillingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FillingEvent`
Description	Each 'FillingEvent' is an Event in which some objects or substance enters some container - by a natural process or by an agent's action - so that the conainer has more such material in it at the end of the Event than at the beginning. The FillingEvent need not be complete - a partial filling is still a FillingEvent. This Event has two case roles - the container being filled and the thing entering into the container; it may or may not have an agent doing the filling, but the filling may be done by a natural process. In Cyc this is an illustration of FluidFlow, but this type in COSMO is more general, so that putting crates into a truck is also an instance of FillingEvent, and the material inserted can be discrete objects, not just fluids. Called 'fillingProcess' in Cyc - but no comments. This includes the active and passive senses. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'fill' in WordNet: 1. (63) fill, fill up, make full - (make full, also in a metaphorical sense; 'fill a container'; 'fill the child with pride') 2. (12) fill, fill up - (become full; 'The pool slowly filled with water'; 'The theater filled up slowly')
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c EnteringAContainer^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	StowingFully^c FillingWithFluid^c

FillingInBlankSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FillingInBlankSpace`
Description	''FillingInBlankSpace'' is a subtype of ''Writing'' in which the physical writing (or on a computer) serves to add information to a ''BlankFormField'' on a ''GenericForm'' (See e.g. ''Questionnaire''). The space need not be on a ''Questionnaire'' but for now (rev1411) that is the only Type that specifically is intended to have space to be filled in. A parent type might be useful. NOTE that this is necessararily an ''InformationTransferEvent'' because its purpose is to prvide information to the Agent who created the document with the blank spaces to be filled in. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'fill in' in WordNet: 4. complete, fill out, fill in, make out - (write all the required information onto a form; 'fill out this questionnaire, please!'; 'make out a form')
Super-classes	Informing^c Writing^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value BlankFormField^c

FillingInCracks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FillingInCracks`
Description	''FillingInCracks'' is the act of putting a semiliquid ''Sealant'' into a ''Crack'' or ''Crevice'' in some ArtifactObject so as to fill the space, whether to prevent leakage of liquid, to strengthen the Object, or to improve appearance or some other purpose.
Super-classes	FillingWithFluid^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Sealant^c usedSubstance^op some Sealant^c hasEndingPlace^op some (Crack^c or Crevice^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

FillingInaPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FillingInaPosition`
Description	''FillingInaPosition'' is the Group of ''JobFunctions'' that one Person performs when another person has the permanent ''JobFunctions'' that include those tasks. This is the ActionGroup of one Person 'filling in' for another. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'position' in WordNet: 15. stead, position, place, lieu - (the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another; 'can you go in my stead?'; 'took his place'; 'in lieu of') WN noun 'behalf': 1. (4) behalf - (as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as 'on behalf of' rather than 'in behalf of'); 'the guardian signed the contract on behalf of the minor child'; 'this letter is written on behalf of my client';)`
Super-classes	Substitution^c JobFunctions^c SubstituteThing^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some JobDescription^c

FillingSomeoneInOnaTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FillingSomeoneInOnaTopic`
Description	''FillingSomeoneInOnaTopic'' is a form of ''Informing'' in which one Person tells another 'Person''(s) the latest information about some Situation or other Topic. The Audience may or may not already have some information about the Topic, but this is used to answer questions that are likely to occur to the Audience when that Audience performs some Action or be affected by some Event that the informant expects to be of interest or importance to the Audience. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fill in' in WordNet: 1. (4) fill in - (supply with information on a specific topic; 'He filled me in on the latest developments')`
Super-classes	Informing^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value WellInformed^c

FillingWithFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FillingWithFluid`
Description	FillingWithFluid'' is a 'FillingEvent' in which the material transferred into a container is a ''Fluid''. `This includes part of the active and passive senses. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'fill' in WordNet: 1. (63) fill, fill up, make full - (make full, also in a metaphorical sense; 'fill a container'; 'fill the child with pride') 2. (12) fill, fill up - (become full; 'The pool slowly filled with water'; 'The theater filled up slowly')`
Super-classes	FluidFlow-Translation^c FillingEvent^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op only (PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Sub-classes	FillingInCracks^c SaturatingSomething^c PrimingaPump^c

FillingaPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FillingaPosition`
Description	''FillingaPosition'' is the action of ''EngagingaWorker'' performed by some Supervisor in an Organization, in which some Person is assigned to some ''EmploymentPosition'' in that Organization. `Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'fill' in WordNet: 6. (1) fill - (appoint someone to (a position or a job))`
Super-classes	EngagingaWorker^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Position^c hadAgentHired^op some Employee^c causes^op value AssumingaPosition^c
Sub-classes	AssumingAnEmployeePosition^c

Film-SheetOrCoating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Film-SheetOrCoating`
Description	CYC: The collection of all films that are either instances of #$FreeSheet or liquid coating (#$Film-Coating). Elements are thin (less than 5 millimeters in thickness) flexible sheets (see #$SheetOfSomeStuff). Some films are removable from objects that they touch (see #$Film-FreeSheet) such as #$PlasticWrap, or a section of motion picture film (see #$PhotographicFilm-Exposed) on a roll. Others are liquid coatings, such as films of grease or wet #$Paint (see #$Film-Coating). Dried paint is a negative exemplar of #$Film-SheetOrCoating. -Foxvog, Oct 16, 1998. (dried paint is a subtype of 'Paint') `For the substance plastic in a film-like form use the subtype 'PlasticFilm'. 'PhotographicFilm' is a subtype. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'film' in WordNet: 3. (42) film - (a thin coating or layer; 'the table was covered with a film of dust') 4. (28) film, plastic film - (a thin sheet of (usually plastic and usually transparent) material used to wrap or cover things)`
Super-classes	SheetlikeSubstance^c
Sub-classes	AdheringFilm^c PhotographicFilm^c PlasticFilm^c SurfaceFilm^c

FilmCamera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilmCamera`
Description	An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$FilmCamera is a #$Camera that stores images (still or moving) on #$PhotographicFilm.
Super-classes	Camera^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value PhotographicFilm^c
Sub-classes	StillCamera-Film^c

FilmingaMovie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FilmingaMovie`
Description	''FilmingaMovie'' is the act of creating a representation of an abstract ''Movie'' on some recorded form, whether of 'celluloid' 'film' (of any chemical composition) or on tape or in digital form or any other manner of recording. This co-occurs with ''MakingaMovie'' though the inverse is not true if the ''Movie'' is created in digital form. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'film' in WordNet: 2. film - (record in film; "The coronation was filmed")`
Super-classes	PhysicalCreationEvent^c CreatingaConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op value MakingaMovie^c isPerformedBy^op value Cameraman^c hadObjectCreated^op only (Movie^c or MovieFilm^c or VideoRecording^c or ComputerVideoFile^c)

Filter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filter`
Description	A PhysicalFilter that is used for filtering fluids - gases or liquids. The auto air intake filter and a coffee maker filter are examples. A Sieve designed to screen granular solids is not a Filter (see ''Sieve'') `NOTE that a ''Sieve'' may also be used for filtering a liquid,but a ''Filter'' cannot be used for ''Sieving'' granulated solids. SUMO: A Device whose purpose is to remove part of a Solution that is passed through the Filter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'filter' in Wordnet: 1. (4) filter - (device that removes something from whatever passes through it)`
Super-classes	PhysicalFilter^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Filtering^c
Sub-classes	Mesh^c

Filtering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filtering`
Description	Any Event (natural or controlled by human agents) in which a PhysicalFilter removes solid particle from a fluid (liquid or gas). Includes natural and human-controlled filtration. In CYC 'Filtering-Generic' seems to be a more general, not just physical filtering. This COSMO type is only for the physical Event. An instance of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance of #$Filtering-Generic is an event in which something is, in some sense, filtered out from something else. This includes instances of #$FluidFiltrationProcess but also things like filtering out #$Spam-UnsolicitedEMail from one's email using a #$FilterProgram. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'filtration' and verb sense 1 of 'filter' in WordNet: 1. filtration - (the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium) 2. filtration - (the act of changing a fluid by passing it through a filter) WN verb 'filter': 1. (10) filter, filtrate, strain, separate out, filter out - (remove by passing through a filter; 'filter out the impurities')
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some FluidType^c requiresResource^op value Filter^c

Filthy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Filthy

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'filthy' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) filthy, foul, nasty - (disgustingly dirty; 
             filled or smeared with offensive matter; 'as filthy as a pigsty'; 
             'a foul pond'; 'a nasty pigsty of a room')

Super-classes Dirty^c

Fin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fin`
Description	Appendage that fish and sea mammals use to locomote. The arm-lke appendage on an ''"AquaticMammal'' is called a ''Flipper''. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'fin' in WordNet: 6. fin - (organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals)`
Super-classes	FlexibleObject^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Swimming^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value AquaticOrganism^c
Sub-classes	VentralFin^c

FinKeel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinKeel`
Description	A ''FinKeel'' is a 'Board' made of metal or some other rigid material, projecting from the keel of a small boat (but not part of the keel). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fin keel' in Wordnet: 1. fin keel - (a metal plate projecting from the keel of a shallow vessel to give it greater lateral stability)`
Super-classes	Board^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Boat^c isSurroundedHorizontallyBy^op value Keel^c
Sub-classes	Centerboard^c

Final^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Final

Description

''Final'' Specifies the last Event (including states) in a series of events, when they are ordered in a timeline. The events do not have to be of a specific type, they can be any type of event, but in that case they would be constrained to some context.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'final' 
         (referring to finality within some time period) in WordNet:
         1. (31) concluding, final, last, terminal - 
           (occurring at or forming an end or termination; 
           'his concluding words came as a surprise';
           'the final chapter'; 'the last days of the dinosaurs'; 'terminal leave')

Super-classes Last^c

FinalAuthority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinalAuthority`
Description	A ''FinalAuthority'' is an ''Authority'' that is a Person with the unquestioned power to create a ''Decree'' that must be obeyed within the time and place and context in which the ''FinalAuthority'' has that power. `In a Monarchy a single person is the ''FinalAuthority'' for that GeopoliticalEntity, but in democracies that kind of power may be held by judges that are empowered by law to issue decisions under their own authority that compel action.`
Super-classes	Authority^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Law^c canCreate^op value Decree^c
Sub-classes	Monarch-HeadOfState^c

FinalChemicalProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinalChemicalProduct`
Description	A ''FinalChemicalProduct'' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is produced by ''ChemicalSynthesis'' Action that is not a ''ChemicalIntermediate'' nor a ''ChemicalPrecursor'', and is the ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' whose production is the intended goal of a ''ChemicalSynthesis'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'product' in WordNet: 4. (29) product - (a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction; 'a product of lime and nitric acid')`
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some ChemicalSynthesis^c

FinalLifeStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinalLifeStage`
Description	'The ''FinalLifeStage'' is the stage of life that is lived independently of a mother, not in a womb or egg, and not changing by metamorphosis into another stage of life, changing gradually and ending in ''death''
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Restrictions	hasEndingSubEvent^op value Death^c

FinalScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinalScore`
Description	A 'FinalScore' is a 'GameScore' at the end of a contest. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'score' in WordNet (the final score only) in WordNet: 3. (4) score - (a number that expresses the accomplishment of a team or an individual in a game or contest; 'the score was 7 to 0')`
Super-classes	GameScore^c
Sub-classes	Draw^c DualFinalScore^c

FinalState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinalState`
Description	Each ''FinalState'' is a PersistentState (which could persist for a very brief period) that is the end state of some ''ProcessiveEvent''.
Super-classes	PersistentState^c ProcessStep^c
Sub-classes	FoodIsReady^c MealIsReady^c

FinalTournamentRound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinalTournamentRound`
Description	A ''FinalTournamentRound'' is a ''TournamentRound'' in which one game (or match) is played and the winner of that game becomes the winning 'Champion'. There are at least two ''Finalist''s competing, but may be more than two, depending on the type of Tournament. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'final' in WordNet: 1. final - (the final match between the winners of all previous matches in an elimination tournament)`
Super-classes	TournamentRound^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op min 2

Finalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finalist`
Description	There are usually two ''Finalist''s but may be up to four; if the competition is called a 'semifinal' then the competitors are 'semifinalists'. `NOTE: this is intended to include non-sports competitions, such as beaut ontests and quiz shows. A ''FinalTournamentRound'' is for aports; other types of elimination contests still need to be represented. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finalist' in WordNet: 1. finalist - (a contestant who reaches the final stages of a competition)`
Super-classes	Adversary^c Contestant^c
Restrictions	wasaContestantInCompetition^op value FinalTournamentRound^c

Finalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finalizing`
Description	A ''Finalizing'' is an Action in which some Agent completes a ''CreatingAnArtifact'' Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'finalize' in WordNet: 1. finalize, finalise, settle, nail down - (make final; put the last touches on; put into final form; 'let's finalize the proposal')`
Super-classes	CompletionEvent^c PurposefulAction^c StoppingEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some CreatingAnArtifact^c

Finance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finance`
Description	''Finance'' is the branch (subdivision) of ''Economics'' concerned with providing and obtaining money for economic acivity. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'finance' in WordNet: 2. finance - (the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets)`
Super-classes	Economics^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Finance^c
Sub-classes	Banking^c

Financial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Financial

Description

''Financial'' is a broad AttributeValue of some type or instance that concerns money, savings,wealth financial transactions, securities, and similar things.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financial' in WordNet:
       1. (22) fiscal, financial - (involving financial matters; 'fiscal responsibility')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

FinancialAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialAccount`
Description	A specialization of #$Account. Each instance of #$FinancialAccount is an account which is denominated in units of #$MonetaryValue (q.v.). Specializations of #$FinancialAccount include #$BankAccount, #$CreditCardAccount, and #$VendorAccount. `NOTE that the ''AccountBalance'' which is the asserted value of a FinancialAccount is the net assets minus liabilities in the account. NOTE that every ''Account'' is a source of ''Money''.`
Super-classes	Account^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op only AccountBalance^c
Sub-classes	BankAccount^c CreditCardAccount^c

FinancialAccountTenderObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialAccountTenderObject`
Description	A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject is an object (e.g., a check or a credit card) that serves as a means for offering payment in funds drawn on an associated instance of #$FinancialAccount. The liquidity of an instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject depends on the status of the associated financial account (see the predicates #$accountBalance and #$accountStatus)
Super-classes	TenderObject^c
Sub-classes	CreditCard^c Check-TenderObject^c

FinancialAsset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialAsset`
Description	A subset of #$SomethingExisting. Each element of #$FinancialAsset is a claim or title to a real asset. Examples include stocks, bonds, and financial accounts.
Super-classes	Asset^c
Sub-classes	FinancialPortfolio^c Stocks^c FinancialInterest^c BusinessGoodWill^c CreditCardAccount^c FinancialSecurity^c Equity^c BankAccount^c NetFinancialAssets^c

FinancialAssetType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialAssetType`
Description	'FinancialAssetType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'AssetType'; it can serve as type for financial assets generally or for Specific types of 'ShareOfstock', such as 'GeneralMotorsStock' or some subtype of a corporation's stock.
Super-classes	ValuableThingType^c AssetType^c
Sub-classes	StockType^c
Members	BankAccount Stocks RealEstate

FinancialAssistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialAssistance`
Description	Each 'FinancialAssistance'' is an action in which one Agent transfers Money or something needed in place of money to help another Agent,when the motive for the helping action is not personal gain, but mostly for the benefit of the other agent. `Common examples are: donating money to a charity, a charitable organization; providing food or cothing or shelter without pay, or the government providing money that was not earned by previous work (e.g. welfare or unemployment payments or emergency assistance) NOTE:this is an Action, not the money given. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financial aid' in WordNet: 1. (1) financial aid - (assistance given in the form of money)`
Super-classes	ProvidingMonetarySupport^c AltruisticAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value EconomicAssistance^c
Sub-classes	SocialWelfare^c Philanthropy^c

FinancialBailout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialBailout`
Description	A ''FinancialBailout'' is an action taken to help an Agent (Person or Organization) that is in 'financial trouble', usually highly indebted, and without help is likely to go bankrupt. The help can be of various types such as lending money or buying a share of a company or taking on some debt, but in any case requires the Agent doing the bailout to provide some ''MoneyObject''. `RHW 'bailout': 2. an instance of coming to the rescue, esp. financially: a government bailout of a large company.`
Super-classes	Rescuing^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some (Person^c or Organization^c or PersonType^c or OrganizationType^c) isCausedBy^op value Indebtedness^c prevents^op value Bankruptcy^c requiresResource^op value MoneyObject^c

FinancialCapability^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialCapability

Description

The Capability to act as an Agent in some Action, by virtue of having sufficient financial resources (money on hand, assets, credit) to perform a certain function. Often the function that requires a FinancialCapability will be to purchase something.

       Having this 'capability' merely implies that a Person
       can make a purchase - it does not mean that that Person
       can do so without borrowing or serious financial difficulty.  For the
       latter, use 'FinancialMeans'.

Super-classes AgentCapability^c

FinancialCompany^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialCompany

Description

$FinancialCompany is a specialization of

        #$PrivateSectorOrganization, #$FinancialOrganization, and
        #$CommercialServiceOrganization.  Each instance of
        #$FinancialCompany is a business engaged in financial
        activities as it's main concern.  An instance of
        #$FinancialCompany is a commercial service organization that
        buys, sells, trades, converts, or lends money, in the form
        of currency or negotiable financial instruments (such as
        stocks, bonds, commodities futures, etc.), as (one of) its
        major function(s).  The collection #$FinancialCompany does
        not include businesses, such as retailers, which simply
        exchange goods or non-financial services for money.
        Examples: Chase Bank, University Federal Credit Union,
        Fidelity Investments (but NOT the IMF). Cf. the
        supercollection #$FinancialOrganization for non-business
        organizations engaged in financial activities (such as the IMF).

        SUMO: The class FinancialCompany 
        includes, as subclasses, FinancialBank, CreditUnion and SavingsAndLoan.

Super-classes FinancialOrganization^c
Business^c
CommercialServiceOrganization^c

FinancialDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialDocument`
Description	CYC: The collection of documents that describe or are directly concerned with the finances of a person or organization. `This category includes only physical objects, but such objects can be electronic and do not have to be human-readable.`
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value FinancialThing^c
Sub-classes	TradeableSecurityCertificate^c CertificateOfDeposit^c

FinancialEase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialEase`
Description	''FinancialEase'' is a ''FinancialStatus'' of people who are ''Well-off''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ease' in WordNet: 2. ease, comfort - (a freedom from financial difficulty that promotes a comfortable state; 'a life of luxury and ease'; 'he had all the material comforts of this world')`
Super-classes	FinancialStatus^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Well-off^c

FinancialFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialFacility`
Description	A specialization of #$CommercialFacility. Each instance of #$FinancialFacility serves as #$physicalQuarters of some #$FinancialOrganization.
Super-classes	CommercialFacility^c
Sub-classes	BankSpace^c BankBuilding^c

FinancialInterest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialInterest`
Description	A ''FinancialInterest'' is any of various types of legal ''Right'' that has a monetary value, entitling the owner to receive some money in some form. `The term 'ownership interest', could apply to this type of asset, but is often used for stockholders' equity. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'interest' in WordNet: 6. (57) interest, stake - ((law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something; 'they have interests all over the world'; 'a stake in the company's future')`
Super-classes	Right^c FinancialAsset^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c
Sub-classes	ControllingInterest^c VestedInterest^c SecurityInterest^c

FinancialLiability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialLiability`
Description	A ''FinancialLiability'' is a ''Liability'' (an ''ObjectCondition'') of Persons who have a potential Financial debt that may be incurred from a result of some Action or negligence by the Person that had negative consequences for another Person. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'liability' in WordNet: 1. (1) liability - (the state of being legally obliged and responsible)`
Super-classes	FinancialStatus^c Liability^c BadThing^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	LimitedLiability^c

FinancialLoss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialLoss`
Description	'FinancialLoss' is a ''PersonalLoss'' in which some MoneyObject or ''FinancialAsset'' or ''Income'' is lost or is reduced in value. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'financial loss' in WordNet: 1. financial loss - (loss of money or decrease in financial value) WN 'loss': 3. (206) loss, red ink, red - (the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue; 'the company operated at a loss last year'; 'the company operated in the red last year')`
Super-classes	PersonalLoss^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hasThingLost^op some (Profit^c or MoneyObject^c or Asset^c or MoneyType^c or ObjectType^c or AssetType^c)
Sub-classes	NonpaymentLoss^c WriteDown^c

FinancialMeans^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialMeans`
Description	FinancialMeans is either a ''MoneyObject'' or some means of obtaining a ''MoneyObject'' sufficient to buy something without going in to debt. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'means' in WordNet: 3. means, substance - (considerable capital (wealth or income); 'he is a man of means')`
Super-classes	Means^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some MoneyObject^c isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving^op value MoneyObject^c
Sub-classes	Livelihood^c

FinancialOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialOrganization`
Description	$FinancialOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$FinancialOrganization is primarily or significantly engaged in the #$FinancialIndustry or whose activities focus on that industry. Instances of both #$CommercialServiceOrganizations (e.g., banks and brokerage houses) and #$NonProfitOrganizations (e.g., #$InternationalMonetaryFund) may be instances of #$FinancialOrganization. Specializations of #$FinancialOrganization include #$BankOrganization, #$FinancialExchange, and #$InvestmentOrganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financial organization' in WordNet: 1. financial institution, financial organization, financial organisation - (an institution (public or private) that collects funds (from the public or other institutions) and invests them in financial assets)
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	Brokerage^c FinancialCompany^c MarketMaker^c AccountingFirm^c BankOrganization^c CentralBank^c

FinancialPortfolio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialPortfolio`
Description	A ''FinancialPortfolio' is a 'Group' of one or more types of 'FinancialAsset's owned by one LegalAgent. This Group may be all of the same type or heterogeneous, (stocks, bonds, futures, real estate). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'portfolio' in WordNet: 3. portfolio - (a list of the financial assets held by an individual or a bank or other financial institution; 'they were disappointed by the poor returns on their stock portfolio')`
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c FinancialAsset^c AbstractObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only FinancialAssetType^c hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c

FinancialSecurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialSecurity`
Description	A ''FinancialSecurity'' that is one unit (in any form) of a Right to some financial benefit, whether a 'share of stock' representing the ownership of a Corporation, MutualFund, or limited partnership or some futures contract, commoditized debt (as a CMO), or anything else that may be traded and has some grounding in something of value. At any given time it has a value in some currency. `This is also a subtype of 'MoneyObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'security' in WordNet: 2. (222) security, certificate - (a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends; 'he held several valuable securities')`
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c Right^c FinancialAsset^c AbstractObject^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c
Sub-classes	Bond^c TradeableSecurity^c ShareOfStock^c ConvertibleSecurity^c

FinancialStatus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialStatus`
Description	Each subtype of ''FinancialStatus'' reflects the overall net wealth and/or income of a Person, but is not solely a measure of monetary value. Though closely related to monetary 'new wealth' this also reflects social relations that make life easy or hard for a person. One can be, for example, 'in difficult straits', 'dirt poor', 'well-off' or 'wealthy'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financial condition' in WordNet: 1. financial condition, economic condition - (the condition of finances)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSituation^c Status^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	FinancialLiability^c FinancialEase^c Poverty^c Insolvency^c

FinancialThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancialThing`
Super-classes	Individual^c

Financially^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Financially

Description

''Financially'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the adjective modified by this type is in some way related to one or more of the concepts pointed to by the PertainingAttribute ''Financial'' (Financing, Money, Wealth, etc.).

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'financially' in WordNet:
         1. (5) financially - (from a financial point of view; 
             'this was financially unattractive')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

FinanciallyInsecure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinanciallyInsecure

Description

''FinanciallyInsecure'' is the attribute of a Person whose sources of income are unstable or liable to change in a negative manner, more so than the average Person. This implies an accumulated wealth that is not enough to support normal living for more than three years.

        Corresponds to part (for financial circumstances) of adjective sense 1 of 'unsafe' in Wordnet:
          1. insecure, unsafe - (lacking in security or safety; 
              'his fortune was increasingly insecure'; 'an insecure future')

Super-classes Unsafe^c

Financier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Financier`
Description	A ''Financier' is a ''Capitalist'' who invests in ('finances') large enterprises, usually as a major shareholder. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financier' in WordNet: 1. financier, moneyman - (a person skilled in large scale financial transactions)`
Super-classes	Capitalist^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Financing^c

Financing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Financing`
Description	''Financing'' is the ''Lending'' of Money to some ''BusinessVenture'' to help the venture become establised, or to assist buyers to buy something they do not have cash for. This is for the ''Lending'' side of Financing. The ''Borrowing'' should be related by a ''hasReciprocalEvent''. `Corresponds to part (providing = lending) of verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'finance' in WordNet: 1. (23) finance - (obtain or provide money for; 'Can we finance the addition to our home?') WN noun 'finance': 1. (4) finance - (the commercial activity of providing funds and capital)`
Super-classes	MoneyTransaction^c Lending^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op some (FinancingaBusiness^c or FinancingaPurchase^c) isaSubEventOf^op value Banking^c hadObjectPaid^op some MoneyObject^c

FinancingaBusiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancingaBusiness`
Description	''FinancingaBusiness'' is the subtype of ''Borrowing'' in which one agent borrows money from another in order to esablish or expand a business, or to provide cash for expenses when cash flow is insufficient. This type includes only the 'borrowing' aspect. For the reciprocal lending aspect,use ''Financing''. `Corresponds to the 'borrowing' part of verb sense 1 (the borrowing aspect) of 'finance' in WordNet: 1. (23) finance - (obtain or provide money for; 'Can we finance the addition to our home?')`
Super-classes	Borrowing^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c hasReciprocalEvent^op some Financing^c

FinancingaPurchase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinancingaPurchase`
Description	''FinancingaPurchase'' is the subtype of ''Borrowing'' in which one agent borrows money from another in order to purchase something. The common items purchased by financing are houses and automobiles and education (student loans). This includes payday loans and credit card purchases - in many cases,short-term borrowing. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (the borrowing aspect) of 'finance' in WordNet: 1. (23) finance - (obtain or provide money for; 'Can we finance the addition to our home?')`
Super-classes	Borrowing^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some Buying^c hasReciprocalEvent^op some Financing^c
Sub-classes	MakingaMortgageAgreement^c

Finch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finch' in WordNet: 1. finch - (any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seeds)`
Super-classes	Songbird^c
Sub-classes	CardinalBird^c GoldFinch^c Sparrow^c Canary^c

Finder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finder' in WordNet: 1. finder - (someone who comes upon something after searching)`
Super-classes	Searcher^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op only FindingAPhysicalObject^c

Finding-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finding-Generic`
Description	$Finding-Generic is the collection of events which can reasonably be considered ''finding events''. A finder may play a deliberate or non-deliberate role in his/her action (see #$deliberateActors, #$nonDeliberateActors). The thing found may be tangible (see e.g. #$FindingAPhysicalObject) or intangible. The thing found may match some definite or indefinite description (see #$FindingAnObject-Definite or #$FindingAnObject-Indefinite). If #$Finding-Generic is the #$lastSubEvents in a #$LookingForAThingOrTypeOfThing and the thing found matches what was being sought then the #$Finding-Generic is a deliberate or purposeful action (see #$PurposefulAction). Examples include ''We happened upon this strange idea in Plato,'' ''After months of searching, their bodies were finally located'' (see #$FindingAPhysicalObject), ''Deep Blue is able to find rapidly a set of best possible chess moves,'' ''The traveller found his true love in Paris,'' ''Fred found his beloved old pair of glasses under the table'' (see #$FindingAnObject-Definite), ''Fred found a cheap old pair of black glasses at the thrift store which met his budget and fashion constraints perfectly'' (see #$FindingAnObject-Indefinite). ''After much deliberation, the coalition of nations finally found common ground on which to base the agreement,'' ''During an experiment Pasteur accidentally found that the penicillin mold prevented the growth of bacteria,'' Upon reading the later two examples one may wonder if concepts as disparate as 'Agreeing on Something' and 'Discovering Something' should be subsumed under #$Finding-Generic. No, concepts as disparate as 'Agreeing on Something' and 'Discovering Something' should not, in general, be a kind of #$Finding-Generic. However, if a given agreement, decision, or other thought process is conceived as search in some particular context, then such a thought process would be a legitimate element of #$Finding-Generic in that context. Linguistic usage, such as ''...nations found common ground...'' or ''Pasteur found that...'' may be a tip off that, in the context at hand, certain particular cases of 'Agreeing on Something' or 'Discovering Something' are being viewed as #$Finding-Generic. In general, however, 'Agreeing on Something' or 'Discovering Something' is not a kind of #$Finding-Generic. Please consult the many specializations of #$Finding-Generic before adding assertions to #$Finding-Generic. This is a general sense of 'find', including senses 1, 2, 4, and 9 of verb 'find', and sense 3 of 'discover'. The more specific sense of 'discover' as the result of some deliberate search is a subtype of this type. in WordNet: 1. (159) find, happen, chance, bump, encounter - (come upon, as if by accident; meet with; 'We find this idea in Plato'; 'I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here'; 'She chanced upon an interesting book in the bookstore the other day') 4. (60) determine, find, find out, ascertain - (establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study; 'find the product of two numbers'; 'The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize') 9. (29) discover, find - (make a discovery; 'She found that he had lied to her'; 'The story is false, so far as I can discover') WN 'discover': 3. (21) learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out, get a line, discover, see - (get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally; 'I learned that she has two grown-up children'; 'I see that you have been promoted')
Super-classes	ConsciousActivity^c
Restrictions	hadObjectFound^op some FoundThing^c
Sub-classes	Ascertaining^c SequencingaBiopolymer^c LocatingSomething^c DiscoveryEvent^c FindingAPhysicalObject^c

FindingAPhysicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FindingAPhysicalObject`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a physical object is found (located, discovered, etc.). This includes finding an object that one lost, as well as finding something that was never before in one's possession, as finding money on the street or some natural object outdoors (such as a shell on a beach) - but as a PurposefulAction, some element of ''Perceiving'' must be present in the time immediately prior to and causing the finding event. One person finding something that other people already knew about is included, but might be distinguishable if needed. The 'location' determined for the thing found is a ''SiteOfaFind'', pointed to by the relation ''occuredAt''. The thing found can be almost anything physical: gold nuggets, oil reservoir, a new species of bird, an undiscovered tomb, a lost pet, a hidden corpse, or anything else perceivable. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'find' in WordNet: 3. (86) find, regain - (come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost; 'Did you find your glasses?'; 'I cannot find my gloves!')
Super-classes	Finding-Generic^c DiscoveryEvent^c LocatingSomething^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value SearchingForAnObject^c occurredAt^op value SiteOfaFind^c hadObjectPerceived^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	FindingSomethingUnexpectedly^c

FindingSomethingUnexpectedly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FindingSomethingUnexpectedly`
Description	''FindingSomethingUnexpectedly' is a '''FindingAPhysicalObject'' and an ''Encounter'' in which the thing found was not expected to be where it was found, and it was previously concealed from general view. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chance upon' in WordNet: 1. fall upon, strike, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on, happen upon, attain, discover - (find unexpectedly; 'the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb'; 'she struck a goldmine'; 'The hikers finally struck the main path to the lake')`
Super-classes	Encounter^c MakingSomethingNoticeable^c FindingAPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c

Findings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Findings`
Description	''Findings'' is 'NewKnowledge' produced by ''Research'' or ''TestingEvent'' or'exploration of some kind - e.g. experimental, theoretical, archaeological, or library research. `Can this come from generic ''Inquiring''? RHW 'finding': 2. Often, findings. something that is found or ascertained.`
Super-classes	NewKnowledge^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op value ResearchReport^c isTheProductOf^op some (Research^c or TestingEvent^c or DiscoveryEvent^c)

FineArtObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FineArtObject`
Description	A 'FineArtObject' is an ArtObject that is not a Device- that is, it was not created primarily to perform some useful function, but to create a sense of enjoyment or beauty or admiration in the person perceiving it visually. Music is not a FineArtObject. Includes two-dimensional art and sculpture, but not architecture or other mostly practical objects that may also be artistically designed. `Corresoonds to the instances of objects included in the WordNet 'Fine Art': in WordNet: 1. art, fine art - (the products of human creativity; works of art collectively; 'an art exhibition'; 'a fine collection of art')`
Super-classes	ArtObject^c SymbolicThing^c
Sub-classes	Sculpture^c TwoDimensionalArtObject^c Collage^c Painting^c Kitsch^c

FineParticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FineParticle`
Description	A ''FineParticle'' is a ''Particle'' that is less than 1 mm in diameter, of any solid substance.
Super-classes	Particle^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.9^c
Sub-classes	DustParticle^c

FineParticles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FineParticles`
Description	''FineParticles'' is a Group of some ''Particle''s, each particle must be less than 0.2 mm in diameter, and usually is much smaller. The particles can be in a vacuum' in air, in a liquid, in a solid, or on the surface of a solid - here they are just treated as a Group. `This type of Group may be produced by a ''DividingIntoFineParticles'' Action but may be produced (like ''Dust'') by some natural process not requiring an IntentionalAgent.`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value FinelyDivided^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value ParticulateMatter^c hasComponentElement^op only Particle^c mayBeProducedByMethod^op value DividingIntoFineParticles^c

FineTuning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FineTuning`
Description	''FineTuning'' is a careful and precise ''TuningUp'' to achieve optimal performance. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fine-tune' in WordNet: 2. fine-tune, tweak - (adjust finely; 'fine-tune the engine')`
Super-classes	TuningUp^c
Restrictions	causedChange^op value Improvement^c hadObjectModified^op value Device^c hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c

Finely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finely

Description

''Finely'' is an AdverbialModifier, that modifies an Event or PastParticiple to assert that the process resulted in something ''FinelyDivided'' or cut into thin sections.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'finely' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) finely - (in tiny pieces; "the surfaces were finely granular")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

FinelyDivided^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinelyDivided`
Description	''FinelyDivided'' (synonym 'fine') is an attribute value that characterizes ''FineParticles'' and ''ParticulateMatter''. This implies having a granularity that is very small; of substances (including granular substances) or of texture on surfaces. This attribute can be interpreted relative to the norm for the substance being described; all dust is 'fine' by granular material standards, but 'fine dust' would be of even smaller than typical particles. For 'fine' as in 'OK, that's OK, allright' use 'Satisfactory'. @ToDo: as of rev1005, the levels of granularity have not been ordered. See also 'hasGranularity' and 'Homogeneous'. Corresponds to part (for small particles) of adjective sense 3 of 'fine' in Wordnet: 3. (2) fine - (of textures that are smooth to the touch or substances consisting of relatively small particles; 'wood with a fine grain'; 'fine powdery snow'; 'fine rain'; 'batiste is a cotton fabric with a fine weave'; 'covered with a fine film of dust')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Particulate^c

Finesse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finesse

Description

is the trait of someone who is disposed to not only consider the needs and concerns and feelings of others, but to focus as much on her/his own needs when attepting to come to an agreement with another party that requires actions on both sides.

          RHW: finesse 2.   skill in handling a difficult or highly sensitive situation;
             adroit and artful management: exceptional diplomatic finesse.

        NOTE: WN gloss seems to suggest the action itself, but this
          is the *trait* that disposes to discrete or diplomatic actions
          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'discreetness' in WordNet:
            2. delicacy, diplomacy, discreetness, finesse - (subtly skillful handling 
               of a situation)

Super-classes Tact^c

Finger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finger`
Description	CYC: The collection of all digits of all #$Hands (q.v.). Fingers are (typically) flexibly jointed and are necessary to enabling the hand (and its owner) to perform grasping and manipulation actions. `SUMO: The five extremities of Hands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Finger' in WordNet: 1. (54) finger - (any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb); 'her fingers were long and thin')`
Super-classes	Digit-AnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	IndexFinger^c Pinkie^c Thumb^c

FingerFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingerFood`
Description	COSMO note: this is interpreted as a Food object, not a Food substance. The size should not be significantly larger than an adult's hand. Each instance of FingerFood should be cohesive and rigid enough not to fall apart when picked up. This is an Object, but is not necessarily an Artifact because freshly plucked fruit eaten without preparation qualifies as a subtype. `Cyc: This is the collection of foods normally eaten using the fingers rather than utensils, that is, one's fingers directly touch the food and this is not considered rude in the cultural context of the eating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finger food' in WordNet: 1. finger food - (food to be eaten with the fingers)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c SolidFoodObject^c PreparedFood^c
Restrictions	wasHandledInEvent^op value EatingaWithTheFingers^c
Sub-classes	Marshmallow^c Cupcake^c Turnover^c Sandwich^c Pizza^c

FingerHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingerHole`
Description	A ''FingerHole'' is a ''Hole'' in a ''WoodwindInstrument'' that can be obstructed ('closed') by pplacing a finger over it (so it is about 5 to 15mm wide). Putting a finger over a hole changes the pitch of the instrument when blown.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finger hole' in WordNet: 1. finger hole - (one of a series of holes in a woodwind instrument; pitch changes when a finger covers it)`
Super-classes	Hole^c Artifact-Generic^c Opening^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some WoodwindInstrument^c isUsedInAction^op value FingeringaWoodwind^c

FingerSizedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingerSizedObject`
Description	A ''FingerSizedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is about the size of an adult human ''Finger'' (not the thumb) whose maximum diameter is 6 cm, and maximium length is 1 cm, so it can be somewhat elaongated like a pencil. `This type is not being used to describe small animals, but that is not precluded at this point (v0.50). For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject FingerSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject "TinyObject" Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.5^c
Sub-classes	LollipopStick^c TeaBag^c Crayon^c Pencil^c Sparkler^c BallpointPen^c MarbleSizedObject^c CottonBall^c

FingerSpelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingerSpelling`
Description	''FingerSpelling'' is a form of direct face-to-face communication used mostly by the deaf, in which words are spelled using hand gestures. This Contrasts with sign languages that use gestures to signify whole words or phrases rather than individual letters. In some countries such as Russia, this is the most common means of direct communication among the blind. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingerspell' in WordNet: 1. fingerspell, finger-spell - (communicate by means of specific gestures, as an alternative to sign language; 'The Deaf often fingerspell')`
Super-classes	Spelling^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Face-to-face^c

FingerTip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingerTip`
Description	The end part of finger, distal from the body. Usually extends from the end ofthe fingernail to the first (outermost) joint in the finger. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingertip' in Wordnet: 1. (2) fingertip - (the end (tip) of a finger)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Finger^c isAtTheEndOf^op value Finger^c

FingerType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingerType`
Description	Each instance of FingerType is a subtype of 'Finger', indicating the specific type of Finger (e.g. 'LeftThumb')
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPartType^c
In range of	representsFingerType^op
Members	IndexFinger Finger Pinkie LeftThumb Thumb

FingeringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingeringSomething`
Description	''FingeringSomething'' is an Action in which some Person intentionally touches some other object with the finger(s). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'finger' in WordNet: 1. (1) finger, thumb - (feel or handle with the fingers; "finger the binding of the book")`
Super-classes	TouchingDeliberately^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Finger^c
Sub-classes	FingeringaMusicalInstrument^c

FingeringaMusicalInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingeringaMusicalInstrument`
Description	''FingeringaMusicalInstrument'' is a ''FingeringSomething'' that is part of ''PlayingAMusicalInstrument'' for certain types of instrument. This action is specifically performed to play a note (piano) or to change the pitch of a wind instrument (open/close holes).
Super-classes	FingeringSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value MusicalInstrument^c isaSubEventOf^op value PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Sub-classes	FingeringaWoodwind^c

FingeringaWoodwind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingeringaWoodwind`
Description	''FingeringaWoodwind'' is a ''FingeringaMusicalInstrument'' that involves covering a ''FingerHole'' with one or more Fingers, thus changing the ''Pitch'' of the sound coming from the instrument when it is blown into. (Pushing valves could be a sibling type. This is just to detail a ''Recorder'')
Super-classes	FingeringaMusicalInstrument^c CoveringSomething^c
Restrictions	hasChangedAttribute^op value Pitch^c hadObjectCovered^op value FingerHole^c hadObjectTouched^op value WoodwindInstrument^c

Fingernail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fingernail`
Description	Protective covering at the end of a finger. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingernail' and part of sense 1 of 'nail' in WordNet: 1. (3) nail - (horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits) WN 'fingernail': 1. (1) fingernail - (the nail at the end of a finger)`
Super-classes	DigitNail^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Finger^c

Fingerprint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fingerprint`
Description	COSMO: 'Fingerprint' is interpreted as the abstract image of a fingerprint, rather than the physical mark left on an object that has been handled. this permits the system to equate fingerprints (patterns) that are abstracted from different physical objects (e.g. drinking glasses and fingerprint cards). For the physical smudge that is visible fingerprint, use ''FingerprintTrace''. It is an AttributeType ('BiologicalAttribute') and an AbstractImage, and a MentalObject ('Identifier'). Quite a mixture. Cyc: A collection of visual marks. Each element of #$Fingerprint is a mark made when pressure from a manual digit leaves traces of body oils (or ink) on a surface, showing the patterns on the skin of the finger(s) that made them. SUMO: That pattern of arches, loops, and whorls that mark the imprint of a Finger. This is closest to sense 1 of 'Fingerprint' in WordNet, however WN includes 'print' as a parent type. in WordNet: 1. (5) fingerprint - (biometric identification from a print made by an impression of the ridges in the skin of a finger; often used as evidence in criminal investigations)
Super-classes	AuthenticationSource^c VisualPattern^c BiometricIdentifier^c AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some FingerprintTrace^c

FingerprintAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingerprintAttribute`
Description	A FingerprintAttribute is an Attribute of an organism that specifes the value of a particular fingerprint. The finger (left thumb) should be specified, along with the fingerprint image (an instance of 'Fingerprint')
Super-classes	BiologicalAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasAssociatedObject^op some Fingerprint^c
In domain of	representsFingerType^op

FingerprintTrace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FingerprintTrace`
Description	A ''FingerprintTrace'' is the actual visible smudge mark on a surface created by the touch of a person's finger. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingerprint' in Wordnet: 3. fingermark, fingerprint - (a smudge made by a (dirty) finger)`
Super-classes	Smudge^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some Fingerprint^c

Finicky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finicky`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'finicky' in Wordnet: 1. (1) finical, finicky, fussy, particular, picky - (exacting especially about details; 'a finicky eater'; 'fussy about clothes'; 'very particular about how her food was prepared')`
Super-classes	Assertive^c
Sub-classes	Demanding^c

Fining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fining`
Description	A form of Punishing in which a person or Organization is required to pay a monetary fine to or on behalf of some Authority. It can be a small fine, as in a traffic ticket, or a very large one, as in fining a corporation for violating some law or regulation. The Debt created by this type of Action is a 'PayableFine'. `NOTE"'tcket' is distinguishable from this general sense, and should be a subtype. This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fine' in WordNet: 1. ticket, fine - (issue a ticket or a fine to as a penalty; 'I was fined for parking on the wrong side of the street'; 'Move your car or else you will be ticketed!')`
Super-classes	Penalizing^c
Restrictions	produced^op some PayableFine^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Authority^c

FinishLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinishLine`
Description	A ''FinishLine'' is a kind of ''Destination'' that is a line in a race course where the racers must cross in order to finish (complete) the ''Race''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finish line' in WordNet: 1. finishing line, finish line - (a line indicating the location of the finish of a race)`
Super-classes	Destination^c LineOnaSurface^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Racer^c isTheEndingPlaceOf^op some Racing^c isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op value RaceCourse^c wasTheLocationOf^op some CrossingTheFinishLine^c isLocatedAt^op value RaceCourse^c

Finished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finished`
Description	'Finished' is an AttributeValue of an Event that is no longer underway. This AttributeValue can only be assigned to an Event after the EndingTime of some Event. When applied to things like a 'manuscript',the interpretation is that the writing event that produced the manuscript is completed, and that the manuscript is 'Complete'. Includes adjective sense 2 of 'finished' and sense 1 of 'over' in WordNet: 2. (2) finished - (ended or brought to an end; 'are you finished?'; 'gave me the finished manuscript'; 'the manuscript is finished'; 'almost finished with his studies') WN 'over': 1. (22) complete, concluded, ended, over, all over, terminated - (having come or been brought to a conclusion; 'the harvesting was complete'; 'the affair is over, ended, finished'; 'the abruptly terminated interview') WN adj 'done': 1. (7) done, through, through with - (having finished or arrived at completion; 'certain to make history before he's done'; 'it's a done deed'; 'after the treatment, the patient is through except for follow-up'; 'almost through with his studies')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Completed^c

FinishingAnArtifactSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinishingAnArtifactSurface`
Description	''FinishingAnArtifactSurface'' is any of several types of Action in which either a coating of some 'finish' liquid is applied to the surface of an Object to give it a desired appearance. (This is applied especially to 'finishing' wooden object with a glossy or semiglossy lacquer-like substance, with or without prior application of a 'stain'); or a smoothing (''Smoothening'') or other process is applied to a surface to give it a desired texture. `These alternative methods are differentiated by the subtypes.`
Super-classes	CoveringSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Refinishing^c ApplyingaFinish^c

FinishingSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FinishingSubstance`
Description	A ''FinishingSubstance'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that can be applied to or has been applied to) the surface of a ''SolidObject'' to enhance its appearance. This includes the liquid substance before drying or setting, and the solid coating that results from its application. These could be distinguished when needed. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'finish' (the substance, noot the surface appearance) in WordNet: 1. (238) coating, finish, finishing - (a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance); 'the boat had a metallic finish'; 'he applied a coat of a clear finish'; 'when the finish is too thin it is difficult to apply evenly')`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value FinishingAnArtifactSurface^c

Finite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finite`
Description	''Finite'' specifies a quantity that can at least in theory be measured. Smaller than ''Infinite''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'finite' in Wordnet: 1. (12) finite - (bounded or limited in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent)`
Super-classes	Quantifier^c MeasurableQuantity^c
Restrictions	isLittlerThan^op value Infinite^c

Finn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finn`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Finn' in WordNet: 1. (1) Finn - (a native or inhabitant of Finland)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finland^c

Finnish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Finnish`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Finnish' in Wordnet: 1. Finnish - (of or relating to or characteristic of Finland or the people of Finland; 'Finnish architecture')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Fir^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fir

Description

The substance fir, a type of Wood, not a tree. As ''Lumber'' this type of substance must already have been cut from the tree.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fir' in Wordnet:
          1. fir - (nonresinous wood of a fir tree)

Super-classes OrganicSubstance^c
Wood^c
Lumber^c

FirTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fir' in Wordnet: 2. fir, fir tree, true fir - (any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas)`
Super-classes	ConiferousTree^c Tree^c

Fire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fire`
Description	The event in which something burns in air, from start to finish of the burning Event. The object burned need not be completely burned. `NOTE that a ''Fire'' in general has a ''Flame'' as a subEvnet, bt in the case of a ControlledFire, the ''Flame'' component may be in essene the same thing as the ''Fire'' - as is the case for a ''CandleFlame''. NOTE: this is a case where a reified FunctionalProcess will probably be needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire' in WordNet: 1. (616) fire - (the event of something burning (often destructive); 'they lost everything in the fire')`
Super-classes	Combustion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c consumesSubstance^op value CombustibleSubstance^c consumesSubstance^op value Oxygen^c hasSubEvent^op value Flame^c
Sub-classes	BuildingFire^c Conflagration^c ControlledFire^c SpontaneousCombustion^c

FireAlarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FireAlarm`
Description	CYC: A collection of objects; a subset of #$AlarmDevice. Every instance of #$FireAlarm can emit an #$AlarmSignal signifying the presence of fire, i.e. #$CombustionProcess. It may do this automatically, e.g. by detecting smoke or rising temperature; or it may be manually activated. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fire alarm' in WordNet: 2. fire alarm, smoke alarm - (an alarm that is tripped off by fire or smoke)`
Super-classes	AlarmDevice^c
Restrictions	emits^op value FireAlarmSignal^c
Sub-classes	SmokeAlarm^c

FireAlarmSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FireAlarmSignal`
Description	An ''AlarmSound'' is an ''AlarmSignal'' that is an audible sound, usually loud. This can be indoors or outdoors. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire alarm' in WordNet: 1. fire alarm - (a shout or bell to warn that fire has broken out)`
Super-classes	AlarmSignal^c
Restrictions	signifies^op value Fire^c

FireDepartment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FireDepartment

Description

Each instance of #$FireDepartment is an organization that is usually part of and funded by a local city or county government. A #$FireDepartment employs many #$Firefighters, resides in a #$FireStation, owns or leases and uses a few #$FireTrucks, and has the responsibility of responding to instances of #$FireEmergency to attempt to extinguish the fire and rescue and/or aid people who might be hurt.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire department' in WordNet:
            1. fire department - (the department of local government 
            responsible for preventing and extinguishing fires)

Super-classes ServiceOrganization^c
LocalGovernmentOrganization^c

FireHose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FireHose`
Description	A ''FireHose'' a ''Hose'' of large diameter used by firefighters to spray water onto a burning object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire hose' in WordNet: 1. fire hose - (a large hose that carries water from a fire hydrant to the site of the fire)`
Super-classes	Hose^c
Restrictions	wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent^op value SprayingWater^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Firefighter^c

FireTruck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FireTruck

Description

Truck which are used to extinguish fire in fire outbreak cases.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire truck' in WordNet:
          1. fire engine, fire truck - (any of various large trucks 
           that carry firemen and equipment to the site of a fire)

Super-classes Truck^c
EmergencyVehicle^c

Firearm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firearm`
Description	SUMO: A Gun that is small enough to be carried and fired by a single Human. `This includes handguns, rifles and shotguns. It fires cartridges ('BulletAssembly') and propels either bullets ('Bullet') or 'ShotgunShot'.. Called 'Gun-Portable' in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SmallArm-Weapon and #$PortableObject. Each instance of #$Gun-Portable is a gun light enough for its average user to move easily. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firearm' in Wordnet: 1. (6) firearm, piece, small-arm - (a portable gun; 'he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster')`
Super-classes	Gun^c PortableObject^c
Sub-classes	Handgun^c Shotgun^c Rifle^c
In domain of	isAimedAt^op

Firebox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firebox`
Description	A ''Firebox'' is a ''HeatingChamber'' in which some ''Fuel'' is burned to produce heat in order to heat something near to (usually above) the ''Firebox'', such as a ''Boiler'' in a steam locomotive. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firebox' in WordNet: 1. firebox - (a furnace (as on a steam locomotive) in which fuel is burned)`
Super-classes	HeatingChamber^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ControlledFire^c usesSubstance^op value Fuel^c usesSubstance^op value Oxygen^c emits^op value ThermalEnergy^c isaSourceOf^op value ThermalEnergy^c

Fired^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fired

Description

This''Fired'' includes being laid off for an indefinite period though not yet permanently dismissed..

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fired' in Wordnet:
        1. discharged, dismissed, fired, laid-off, pink-slipped - (having lost your job)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

FiredClay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiredClay`
Description	The 'PhysicalSubstance' that is the form of 'Clay' that has been dried and hardened by a natural or artificial process. This is the material of which 'Brick' is composed. For the more general sense including moist and dry clay, use 'Clay'. Although this is called 'FiredClay' because most of the objects that consist of this are created by firing in a Kiln, but it also includes clay that has dried by a natural process (e.g. baking in the sun) so as to become hard. `This is for both brick and ceramics and any other clay objects hardened by heat. There is no entry in WordNet specifically for the substance fired clay.`
Super-classes	Clay^c
Restrictions	mayBeProducedByMethod^op value Baking-Hardening^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dry^c mayBeProducedByMethod^op value KilnFiring^c

Firefighter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firefighter`
Description	A Person employed by or volunteering with some organization specifically to fight and extinguish fires. Not necessarily a government employee, though except for volunteer frefighters, usually is part of a government Organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firefighter' in WordNet: 1. fireman, firefighter, fire fighter, fire-eater - (a member of a fire department who tries to extinguish fires)`
Super-classes	EmergencyWorker^c FirstResponder^c BlueCollarWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FightingaFire^c isaMemberOf^op value FireDepartment^c typicallyWorksAt^op value Firehouse^c typicallyWorksAt^op value Firehouse^c

Firefly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firefly`
Description	The ''Firefly'' is a fascinating flying beetle that swarms in the evening and makes periodic flashes of its rear body, apparently functioning as a mating signal. Wikipedia: The Lampyridae are a family of insects in the beetle order Coleoptera with over 2,000 described species. They are soft-bodied beetles that are commonly called fireflies or lightning bugs for their conspicuous use of bioluminescence during twilight to attract mates or prey. Fireflies produce a "cold light", with no infrared or ultraviolet frequencies. This chemically produced light from the lower abdomen may be yellow, green, or pale red, with wavelengths from 510 to 670 nanometers.[3] Some species such as the dimly glowing " blue ghost " of the Eastern US are commonly thought to emit blue light (less than 490 nanometers), though this is a false perception of their truly green emission light due to the Purkinje effect.[4] Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'firefly' in WordNet: 2. firefly, lightning bug - (nocturnal beetle common in warm regions having luminescent abdominal organs)
Super-classes	Beetle^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value FlyingWithWings^c hasCapability^op value EmittingaGlow^c

Firehouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firehouse`
Description	A ''Firehouse'' is a building where ''FireTruck''s are kept ready for immediate deployment when a fire alarm is received, and where ''FireFighter''s stay ands sometimes sleep while waiting for an alarm. `NOTE: for volunteer companies, most members do not stay at the Firehouse unless they are on active station duty at that time. In CYC 'FireStation'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firehouse' in WordNet: 1. fire station, firehouse - (a station housing fire apparatus and firemen)`
Super-classes	GovernmentalBuilding^c VehicleStorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToHold^op value FireTruck^c

Fireplace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fireplace

Description

The brick construction attached to a chimney which opens into a room and in which fuel is burned. A negative example would be #$ElectricFireplace, because it is not a permatnent structure, nor does it burn fuel. A positive example would be a #$GasFireplace.

        SUMO: A Device in a Building which is used for burning wood, 
          coal, etc for heat.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fireplace' in WordNet:
          1. (5) fireplace, hearth, open fireplace - (an open recess in a wall
             at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built; 'the fireplace 
             was so large you could walk inside it'; 'he laid a fire in the hearth 
             and lit it'; 'the hearth was black with the charcoal of many fires')

Super-classes ProcessingContainer^c
FuelPoweredDevice^c
AirHeatingDevice^c
PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c

Firepower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firepower`
Description	''Firepower'' consists of the ''Weaponry'' and associated equipment such as military vehicles and transportation devices,as well as the troops and other personnel required to use those resources to approach close enough to destroy enemy targets. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firepower' in WordNet: 1. (1) firepower - ((military) the relative capacity for delivering fire on a target)`
Super-classes	Group^c Weaponry^c MilitaryCapability^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value MilitaryCapability^c isaCapabilityOf^op value MilitaryAgent^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Firing^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value MilitaryAction^c isUsedBy^op value MilitaryOrganization^c

Fireside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fireside`
Description	''Fireside'' is a metonymic use of the Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fireside' in WordNet: 2. hearth, fireside - (home symbolized as a part of the fireplace; 'driven from hearth and home'; 'fighting in defense of their firesides')
Super-classes	Home^c

Firewood^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firewood

Description

CYC: pieces of wood used (by people) as fuel for fires.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firewood' in WordNet:
       1. (1) firewood - (wood used for fuel; "they collected and cut their own firewood")

Super-classes Fuel^c
CombustibleFuelSubstance^c
Wood^c

Firework-Display^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firework-Display`
Description	A specialization of #$PyrotechnicEvent. Each instance of #$Firework-Display is a colorful, short-lived aftermath of a fireworks explosion. `RHW 'fireworks': 2. fireworks, a. a pyrotechnic display. This includes illumination by ground-based fireworks.`
Super-classes	DisplayingSomething^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c EntertainmentEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Flame^c requiresResource^op value Firework-PyrotechnicDevice^c hasSubEvent^op value IlluminatingSomething^c typicallyOccursAt^op value Sky^c hadConsumedObject^op value Firework-PyrotechnicDevice^c

Firework-PyrotechnicDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firework-PyrotechnicDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PyrotechnicDevice. Each instance of #$Firework-PyrotechnicDevice is a pyrotechnic device that is used to create an instance of #$Firework-Display (q.v.) `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (fot illumination pyrotechnics used in entertainment displays) of 'pyrotechnic' in WordNet: 1. (2) firework, pyrotechnic - ((usually plural) a device with an explosive that burns at a low rate and with colored flames; can be used to illuminate areas or send signals etc.)`
Super-classes	LightEmittingObject^c PyrotechnicDevice^c
Sub-classes	Sparkler^c

Firing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firing`
Description	`NONTE: not just attack, can be for defense (by attacking the attackers?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firing' in WordNet: 1. (8) fire, firing - (the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy; 'hold your fire until you can see the whites of their eyes'; 'they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire')`
Super-classes	Impelling^c MilitaryAttack^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Gun^c requiresResource^op value Weaponry^c
Sub-classes	ArtilleryFire^c Barrage^c

FiringSomeone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiringSomeone

Description

The termination of an Employee by a supervisor, involuntary on the part of the Employee.

      WN 'reoval' sense 2 seems to be for public office,but it is
        not otherwise represented. Perhaps a separate type?

      Corresponds to sense 4 of verb 'fire' and sense 4 of 'dismiss'
        in WordNet:
      4. (7) fire, give notice, can, dismiss, give the axe, send away,
         sack, force out, give the sack, terminate - (terminate the employment of;
         'The boss fired his secretary today'; 
         'The company terminated 25% of its workers')
      WN noun 'removal':
        2. removal - (dismissal from office)
      WN noun 'dismissal':
        4. dismissal, dismission, discharge, firing, liberation, release, 
           sack, sacking - (the termination of someone's employment
           (leaving them free to depart))

Super-classes PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
EmploymentTermination^c
SocialOccurrence^c

Firm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firm`
Description	A quality of substances or objects made of those substances, such that objects having this attribute somewhat resist being bent. Hardness has degrees, and this attribute is less 'hard' than the subtype 'Hard' or the subtype 'Stiff' (which see), but use of this attribute should be disjoint with 'Soft'. `This attribute may be applied to objects such as a mattress that has some degree of softness in parts, but overall resists bending. Also, the softer shells of some seeds would have this attribute, though nut shells would be considered as 'Hard'. Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'firm' in WordNet: 2. (6) firm, solid - (not soft or yielding to pressure; 'a firm mattress'; 'the snow was firm underfoot'; 'solid ground')`
Super-classes	Solid^c
Sub-classes	Stiff^c Hard^c Leathery^c

Firm-Decisive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firm-Decisive`
Description	An AttributeValue of decisions, offers, beliefs, commitments, promises, etc. meaning 'Not likely to change.' Contrasts with 'tentative', 'subject to change'. Includes adjective sense 3 of 'firm' in RW: 4. not likely to change; fixed; settled; unalterable: a firm belief. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'firm' in LDOCE: 3 not likely to change firm conviction/commitment/belief etc 'Our client hasn't reached a firm decision on the matter yet.' Blackpool remains a firm favourite with holiday makers from Northern Ireland.' 'Corey was always a firm believer in prayer.' 'They made a firm offer (=offered to pay a particular amount) on the house over the weekend.' 'Diana and Laura have been firm friends (=close friends) since their early teens.' Corresponds to Adjective sense 4 of 'firm' in WordNet: 4. (4) firm - (not subject to revision or change; 'a firm contract'; 'a firm offer')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Uncompromising^c

Firmly-Decisively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firmly-Decisively

Description

''Firmly-Decisively'' is an AdverbialModifier, that modifies an Event in which an Agent behaves in a ''Firm-Decisive'' manner.

         ncludes adverb sense 1 of 'firmly' and senses 1 and 2 of 'decisively'  in WordNet:
           1. (11) firm, firmly, steadfastly, unwaveringly - (with resolute determination; 
             'we firmly believed it'; 'you must stand firm')
          WN adv 'decisively':
         1. (2) decisively, resolutely - (with firmness;
                  'I will come along,' she said decisively')
         2. decisively - (with finality; conclusively;
                 'the voted settled the argument decisively')
     WN adv 'resolutely':
       1. (2) resolutely - (showing firm determination or purpose; 
           'she resolutely refused to look at him or speak to him'; 
           'he entered the building resolutely')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

First-Aider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#First-Aider`
Description	A ''First-Aider''is a ''FirstResponder'' who gives a Person ''FirstAid'' in an emergency. This includes people with any level of training in ''FirstAid''.
Super-classes	FirstResponder^c Helper^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value FirstAid^c

First-Time^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#First-Time`
Description	`No WN sense for this adjective. RHW adj 'first-time': used, appearing, contending, etc., for the first time: a first-time candidate.`
Super-classes	Initial^c

FirstAid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstAid`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'first aid' in WordNet: 1. (1) first aid - (emergency care given before regular medical aid can be obtained)`
Super-classes	EmergencyMedicalTreatment^c Responding^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op value HealthEmergency^c isPerformedBy^op value First-Aider^c

FirstCause^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstCause

Description

'FirstCause' is a philosophical term included here because of its location in WordNet.

  Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'first cause' in WordNet:
     1. first cause, prime mover, primum mobile - (an agent that is the cause of all things but
         does not itself have a cause; 'God is the first cause')

Super-classes Cause^c

FirstDegree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstDegree

Description

''FirstDegree'' is an attribute value of mathematical equations or operations that do not have variables power greater than one. Contrasting with quadratic, ternary, etc.

    RHW: 7. Math.
     a. consisting of, involving, or describable by terms of the first degree.
     b. having the same effect on a sum as on each of the summands:
          a linear operation.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'linear' in Wordnet:
        1. (7) linear, additive - (designating or involving an
           equation whose terms are of the first degree)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

FirstGrade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstGrade`
Description	''FirstGrade'' is the ''EducationalRank'' for children who are in attendance at the first year of 'primary school'.
Super-classes	EducationalRank^c

FirstHand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstHand

Description

''FirstHand'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an assertion about gaining Information or having an experience to assert that the action was performed in a ''Firsthand'' mannner, directly without relying on the reports of others.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'firsthand' in Wordnet:
           1. firsthand - (at first hand or directly; 'I heard this story firsthand')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

FirstNameString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstNameString`
Description	A FirstNameString is a name that is spoken or written first when identifying a person in his/her own culture - it may be a given name or family name, depending on the culture. In forms 'first name' often means 'GivenNameString'.
Super-classes	NameString^c
In range of	hasFirstName^op

FirstOfTwo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstOfTwo

Description

The FunctionalAttribute ''FirstOfTwo'', refers to the first thing (of two) that was mentioned in some sentence or paragraph, used in the next part of that sentence or paragraph. This contrasts with ''Latter'', referring to the second of those two things mentioned. In language the term used to refer to this ''FirstofTwo'' is 'former'. That term is also used elsewhere for a different concept. (''Former''). The term ''First'' is used as an OrdinalNumber.

      Includes noun sense 1 of 'former' in WordNet:
          1. former - (the first of two or the first mentioned of two; 
            'Tom and Dick were both heroes but only the former is remembered today')
      WN adjective 'former':
         1. (21) former - (referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned 
          (or the earlier one or ones of several); 'the novel was made into a film 
          in 1943 and again in 1967; I prefer the former version to the latter one')

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

FirstOfaSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstOfaSeries`
Description	The FunctionalAttribute ''FirstOfaSeries'', refers to the first item in a list or in some ranking of priority. The term ''First'' is used as an instance of ''OrdinalNumber'' - not a QualitativeAttribute. These are essentially identical in meaning, but are used in different logical structures. `The terms ''FirstOfaSeries'', ''Intermediate'' and ''Last'' are used to refer to places in a series that do not have ordinal numbers (except for ''FirstOfaSeries'' being essentially identical to ''First'' but logically distinct and used with different relations). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'first' in WordNet: 2. (62) first, 1st - (indicating the beginning unit in a series)`
Super-classes	FunctionalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Primary^c Premier^c Initial^c

FirstPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstPlace`
Description	The winner comes in in ''FirstPlace''.
Super-classes	ContestRank^c

FirstResponder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstResponder`
Description	This ''FirstResponder'' is a Person who is among the first to respond to some ''Emergency'', and is used mostly for those who perform emergency response as part of their jobs,such as ''PoliceOfficer-Municipal''s and ''"Firefighter''s. `"EmergencyWorker" NOTE: 'first responder' is a commonly used term but is not included in WN or RHW.`
Super-classes	Responder^c EmergencyWorker^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value RespondingToAnEmergency^c
Sub-classes	First-Aider^c Firefighter^c Paramedic^c PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c Rescuer^c

FirstStep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstStep`
Description	A 'FirstStep' is the first individual ''Action'' in a . ''ProcessiveAction'', which is a Series of Actions that are related steps executing a ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' and having some common end Goal. `This step is often performed by a ''SelfStarter'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initiative' in WordNet: 2. (4) first step, initiative, opening move, opening - (the first of a series of actions)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op some SelfStarter^c isTheFirstElementOf^op some ProcessiveAction^c
Sub-classes	StartingAnAction^c

FirstStrike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstStrike`
Description	Being the first to drop nuclear weapons on an enemy in some conflict.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'first strike' in WordNet: 1. first strike - (the initial use of nuclear weapons to attack a country that also has nuclear weapons; considered feasible only when the attacker can destroy the other country's ability to retaliate; 'the Pakistani president promised no first strike against India')`
Super-classes	WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack^c Bombing^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value NuclearWeapon^c

FirstThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstThing`
Description	The ''FirstThing'' is the first of an ''OrderedPairOfThings'' and differs from the ''SecondThing'' in that specific ''OrderedPairOfThings''.
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value OrderedPairOfThings^c

FirstTournamentRound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstTournamentRound`
Description	A ''FirstTournamentRound'' is a ''TournamentRound'' that is the first ''TournamentRound'' of an ''EliminationTournament'', usually in which all of the competitors play..
Super-classes	TournamentRound^c

Firsthand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firsthand`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'firsthand' in Wordnet: 1. (2) firsthand - (received directly from a source; 'firsthand information')`
Super-classes	Direct^c InPerson^c

Firstly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Firstly

Description

''Firstly'' is an AdverbialModifier used to introduce a phrase that is the first of a series.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'firstly' in WordNet:
        1. first, firstly, foremost, first of all, first off -
          (before anything else; 'first we must consider the garter snake')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Fish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fish`
Description	An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a specialization of #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Fish is a cold-blooded animal (see the collection #$Poikilotherm) with gills and fins. Each instance of #$Fish spends all or almost all of its life under water. Note that the collection #$Fish excludes fish-shaped examples of #$Mammal, such as porpoises and whales. Specializations of #$Fish include the collections #$Salmon, #$Catfish, and #$Tuna. SUMO: A cold-blooded aquatic Vertebrate characterized by fins and breathing by gills. Included here are Fish having either a bony skeleton, such as a perch, or a cartilaginous skeleton, such as a shark. Also included are those Fish lacking a jaw, such as a lamprey or hagfish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fish' in WordNet: 1. (14) fish - - (any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills; 'the shark is a large fish'; 'in the living room there was a tank of colorful fish')
Super-classes	ColdBloodedVertebrate^c AquaticOrganism^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	CartilaginousFish^c FreshWaterFish^c Trout^c Salmon^c CodFish^c SnapperFish^c TropicalFish^c Anchovy^c Eel^c EdibleFish^c SeaHorse^c Herring^c BonyFish^c

Fish-TheFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fish-TheFood`
Description	'Fish-TheFood' is the flesh of fish, eaten as Food. NOTE that one meaning of 'meat' that distinguishes it from fish is not a sense in either RHW or WordNet: 'you can't eat meat on Fridays'. In COSMO 'Fish-TheFood' is not a subtype of 'Meat' and therefore preserves this common variant meaning. Note that this distinction is also used in one of the WordNet examples 'fish instead of meat'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fish' in WordNet: 2. (3) fish - - (the flesh of fish used as food; 'in Japan most fish is eaten raw'; 'after the scare about foot-and-mouth disease a lot of people started eating fish instead of meat'; 'they have a chef who specializes in fish')
Super-classes	SolidFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Fish^c
Sub-classes	Anchovies^c Tuna^c

FishCatch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishCatch`
Description	A ''FishCatch'' is a ''Catch'' consisting of some number of ''Fish'' caught ('acquired') in a ''Fishing'' Action.
Super-classes	Catch^c Animal^c Role^c
Restrictions	wasAcquiredInEvent^op value Fishing^c

FishEgg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishEgg`
Description	An Egg produced by a fish,often produced in large numbers and fertilized outside the fish's body. usually referred to in the plural as ''Roe''. The eggs of some fish are eaten as food: see ''Caviar''.
Super-classes	Egg^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value EggShaped^c isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Roe^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Fish^c

FishFilet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishFilet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fish filet' in WordNet: 1. fillet, filet, fish fillet, fish filet - (a longitudinal slice or boned side of a fish)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c SliceOfSomething^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Fish-TheFood^c

FishFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishFood`
Description
Super-classes	PetFood^c

FishHook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishHook`
Description	The sort of hook which is used on the end of a fishing line to catch fish. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishhook' in Wordnet: 1. fishhook - (a sharp barbed hook for catching fish)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Hook^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Fishing^c functionsTogetherWith^op value FishingLine^c
Sub-classes	ConnectedFishHook^c

FishType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishType`
Description	FishType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for a ''Fish'' in its aspect as an animal
Super-classes	SpawnerType^c BeastType^c
Members	Cyprinodont Barracuda Swordfish Trout Halibut AustralianSnapperFish Catfish BonyFish Flatfish ScombroidFish MackerelShark Piranha Bass Fish Teleost Herring Goldfish Characin Soft-finnedFish CartilaginousFish Anchovy Mackerel PercoidFish Minnow Ray WhaleShark Carp CodFish SnapperFish Elasmobranch StingRay Spiny-finnedFish CypriniformFish Marlin Shark GreatWhiteShark Guppy TropicalFish EdibleFish Salmon TunaFish Eel Shark-Hammerhead Ganoid

Fisher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fisher`
Description	A ''Fisher'' is a Person (of any sex) who performs the activity of ''Fishing'', whether once or habitually, and whether for sport of as an occupation. The professional ''Fisher'' is represented as the subtype ''Fisherman''.
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Fishing^c
Sub-classes	Angler^c

Fisherman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fisherman`
Description	COSMO note: This is an occupation, therefore does not apply to one who fishes for pleasure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fisherman' in WordNet: 1. (6) fisherman, fisher - (someone whose occupation is catching fish)`
Super-classes	BlueCollarWorker^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Fishing^c

Fishery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fishery`
Description	A ''Fishery'' is some location consisting mostly of a ''BodyOfWater'', where fish grow and are caught to be sold commerically. `This is RHW sense 2 of 'fishery' - sense 1 is not yet represented. 1. a place where fish are bred; fish hatchery. 2. a place where fish or shellfish are caught. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishery' in WordNet: 1. fishery, piscary - (a workplace where fish are caught and processed and sold)`
Super-classes	Workplace^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value BodyOfWater^c hasCharacteristicActivity^op value Fishing^c

Fishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fishing`
Description	The activity of trying to catch fish that are not already captive in some container. This is for the human activity only. It is considereed as a subtype of 'pursuing' because it is necessary to at least proceed to the location where the fish may be, even if the activity itself involves merely dropping a line and sitting down for hours to wait for a bite. The activity of non-human animals who try to catch fish is a subtype of 'Hunting'. Both 'Hunting' and 'Fishing' are subtypes of 'Pursuing'. `This is the logical representation of a successful Fishing action. This includes both sport fishing and commercial fishing. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fish' and sense 1 of 'fishing' in WordNet: WN 'fish' 2. (1) fish - (catch or try to catch fish or shellfish; 'I like to go fishing on weekends') WN 'fishing': 1. (5) fishing, sportfishing - (the act of someone who fishes as a diversion) 2. fishing - (the occupation of catching fish for a living)`
Super-classes	CapturingAnAnimal^c HumanActivity^c Pursuing^c OutdoorActivity^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value FishCatch^c resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value Fish^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Fish^c
Sub-classes	Trawling^c Angling^c

FishingBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishingBoat`
Description	A ''FishingBoat'' is a ''Boat'' used for ''Fishing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishing boat' in WordNet: 1. (3) fishing boat, fishing smack, fishing vessel - (a vessel for fishing; often has a well to keep the catch alive)`
Super-classes	Boat^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Fishing^c
Sub-classes	Trawler^c

FishingLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishingLine`
Description	A very thin piece of plastic (or thread or metal?) filament used to hold a hook when fishing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishing line' in Wordnet: 1. fishing line - (a length of cord to which the leader and float and sinker and hook are attached)`
Super-classes	Cord^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Fishing^c functionsTogetherWith^op value FishHook^c functionsTogetherWith^op value FishingPole^c
Sub-classes	ConnectedFishingLine^c

FishingLineAndHook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishingLineAndHook`
Description	Each ''FishingLineAndHook'' is a ''ConnectedPair'' consisting of a ''FishingLine'' and a ''FishHook'' in which the FishHook is connected to the end of the ''FishingLine'' so as to be suitable for ''Angling''. `NOTE: to represent the notion that the two Objects in the pair are connected, for each subtype of this type the two objects should be represented as instances of the classes ''ConnectedFishingLine'' and ''ConnectedFishHook''.`
Super-classes	ConnectedPair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some ConnectedFishingLine^c hasComponentElement^op some ConnectedFishHook^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MyLineAndHook1

FishingNet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishingNet

Description

a net whose primary function is to catch fish.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishing net' in WordNet:
         1. fishnet, fishing net - (a net that will enclose fish when it is pulled in)

Super-classes TrapDevice^c
NetTrap^c

FishingPole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FishingPole`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishing pole' in Wordnet: 1. fishing rod, fishing pole - (a rod of wood or steel or fiberglass that is used in fishing to extend the fishing line)`
Super-classes	Rod^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value FishingLine^c functionsTogetherWith^op value FishHook^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Fishing^c

Fishy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fishy

Description

''Fishy'' is a property of situations that are strange and appear to have some hidden character that causes the strangeness, leading to suspicion that a Person is tring to hide something.

        Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'fishy' in WordNet:
          2. fishy, funny, shady, suspect, suspicious - (not as expected; 
            'there was something fishy about the accident'; 'up to some funny business'; 
            'some definitely queer goings-on'; 'a shady deal'; 'her motives were suspect'; 
            'suspicious behavior')

Super-classes Strange^c

FissionWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FissionWeapon`
Description	The subset of #$MilitaryWeapons that result in a #$NuclearFission-Uncontrolled event when they detonate.
Super-classes	NuclearWeapon^c
Sub-classes	AtomicBomb^c

Fist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fist

Description

A ''Fist'' is a ''Hand'' whose fingers have been curled. inward to make a more solid object, expecially for hitting or signalling some feelings.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fist' in WordNet:
           1. (20) fist, clenched fist - (a hand with the fingers clenched 
              in the palm (as for hitting))

Super-classes Hand^c

Fit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fit`
Description	Each 'Fit' is a Behavior of an individual person that exhibits Anger by more than just the content of verbal expressions; the manner of verbalization, such as shouting, may qualify a behavior as a 'Fit', though some temporary loss of self-control. is also implied by use of this type. `Q: Is a 'hissy fit' more dramatic than an ordinary 'fit'? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'fit' and sense 1 of 'tantrum' in WordNet: 1. (3) fit, tantrum, scene, conniption - (a display of bad temper; 'he had a fit'; 'she threw a tantrum'; 'he made a scene')`
Super-classes	ExhibitingEmotion^c
Restrictions	exhibitsEmotion^op value Anger^c

FitForaPurpose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FitForaPurpose`
Description	''FitnessForaPurpose'' is a subtype of ''Suitableness'' with a lot of conceptual overlap the the parent 'Suitableness'. . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fit' in WordNet: 1. (4) fit - (meeting adequate standards for a purpose; 'a fit subject for discussion'; 'it is fit and proper that you be there'; 'water fit to drink'; 'fit for duty'; 'do as you see fit to')
Super-classes	Suitable^c
Sub-classes	Therapeutic^c Rich-Fertile^c Applicable^c

FitPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FitPerson`
Description	Any Person who is ''PhysicallyFit'' not ''Disabled'').
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PhysicallyFit^c
Sub-classes	IronMan^c

FitnessForaPurpose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FitnessForaPurpose`
Description	''FitnessForaPurpose'' is a subtype of ''Suitableness'' with a lot of conceptual overlap the the parent 'Suitableness'. . Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'fitness' in WordNet, but this is a 'trait' with more than one value rather than a 'condition'; this means that there are degrees of fitness, not just one value: in WordNet: 1. (3) fitness, fittingness - (the condition of being suitable; 'they had to prove their fitness for the position')
Super-classes	Suitableness^c

Fitting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fitting

Description

'Fitting' is a PersistentState of some PhysicalObject during which the *subject PhysicalObject 'fits' in some sense - as small enough to fit into (see ''fitsInsideOf'') or has the proper shape to connect effectively to another object. Clothing of properly chosen size (or bespoke) will 'fit' its wearer.

      'If the shoe fits, wear it'
      'If it fits, it ships' (USPS slogan)

      See attribute ''Suitable'' for related concepts.

       Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fit' in WordNet:
         2. (11) fit, go - (be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired;
         'This piece won't fit into the puzzle')

Super-classes PersistentState^c

FittingClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FittingClothing`
Description	''FittingClothing'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which some Garment is shaped to fit a particular Person. This can be done by a ''Tailor'', `For the Action of a Person 'trying on' a Garment in a store, use ''TryingOnaGarment'' As the sign in the Japanese department store put it: 'ladies may go upstairs to have a fit' Corresponds to part of verb sense 4 of 'fit' in WordNet: 4. (7) fit - (make fit; 'fit a dress'; 'He fitted other pieces of paper to his cut-out')`
Super-classes	FittingSomething^c ServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (Garment^c or ClothingType^c)

FittingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FittingSomething`
Description	''FittingSomething'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which some PhysicalObject is shaped to fit together with another PhysicalObject. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'fit' in WordNet: 4. (7) fit - (make fit; 'fit a dress'; 'He fitted other pieces of paper to his cut-out')`
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	FittingClothing^c

Five-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Five-Year-Old`
Description	''Five-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are five years old, i.e. were created or born five years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FiveDollarBill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveDollarBill`
Description	A ''OneDollarBill' is a CurrencyBill that has a value of five US dollars. Other currency five-dollar notes will have a different label.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'five dollar bill' in WordNet: 1. fiver, five-spot, five dollar bill - (a United States bill worth 5 dollars)`
Super-classes	CurrencyBill^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveDollars^c

FiveYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveYear`
Description	''FiveYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for five years, or plans that specify Events over the course of five years.
Super-classes	LastingForSomeTime^c

FiveYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveYears^c

FiveYearPlan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveYearPlan`
Description	A ''FiveYearPlan'' is a ''Plan'' for Actions that includes Actions for five years. `RHW 'Five Year Plan': any plan for national economic or industrial development specifying goals to be reached within a period of five years, esp. as undertaken by the Soviet Union and China.`
Super-classes	Plan^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value NextFiveYears^c

Fixed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fixed

Description

''Fixed'' is a subtype of 'Constant' characterizing quantities that cannot be changed.

     in WordNet:
       WN adj 'fixed':
         1. (17) fixed - ((of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value)
         4. (2) fixed, frozen - (incapable of being changed or moved or undone; e.g. 
         'frozen prices'; 'living on fixed incomes')

Super-classes Constant^c

FixedHoliday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FixedHoliday`
Description	FixedHoliday is the class of HolidayTimes whose observance is fixed to recurrences of the calendar day that the holiday commemorates.
Super-classes	HolidayTime^c
Sub-classes	ChristmasHoliday^c

FixedStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FixedStructure`
Description	COSMO note: As an Artifact, the classification of 'FixedStructure' depends on what function it was intended to serve, and for this category a FixedStructure is built with the intention that it will perform its functions while fastened (at least by gravity) to some specific location on or near the surface of an astronomical body, in almost all cases of course, that will be the surface of the Earth. A marginal Type which is not a fixed structure is a MobileHome, i,e, a living unit on wheels. A MobileHome may stop and be connected to services at a trailer park, but unless taken off the wheels and connected to a foundation will still not be a FixedStructure. However, a modular home, which is movable but designed to be transported to a location and placed on a foundation, to be used there, will be a FixedStructure. Buildings that were built with the intention of staying in one location may at some time be moved to a different location by building movers (while retaining their identity), and they will still be FixedStructures, even after having been moved. The immobility of a FixedStructure is not an absolute requirement, but a probability statement. The intuition that is captured by this category is the logical assertion that, if a FixedStructure is in some geographical location at time T, it will, with greater than 99% probability, be in the same location at time T plus one month (the exact probabilities will vary with the actual subcategory, and will be discovered over time by experience.). Cyc: #$FixedStructure is a specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact. Each instance of #$FixedStructure is a human-constructed, freestanding object that exists in a fixed location. Examples include buildings, pyramids, the Great Wall of China, dams, bridges, elevated roadways, and canals. Such structures may have parts which are also instances of #$FixedStructure (e.g. bridge pilings) and parts which are not freestanding (e.g. the span of a bridge, or a room in a building)
Super-classes	ConstructionArtifact^c GeographicalThing^c Facility-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Tower^c Dike^c Embankment^c Building^c Fort^c Enclosure^c RigidColumn^c Quarry^c Levee^c Mine^c Dock^c Fortress^c Outbuilding^c BusStation^c GasPipeline^c StoneStructure^c GraveSite^c PathForWheeledVehicles^c FlightOfStairs^c Dam^c MainLine^c Piling^c Well^c Airport-Physical^c PortFacility^c DockingFacility^c SubwayStation^c Lamppost^c Fence^c LaneOfRoadway^c Railing^c MainPipeline^c PavedSurface^c LibraryBuilding^c Stairway^c Curb^c VehicleStorageConstruct^c

FixedWingAircraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FixedWingAircraft`
Description	A specialization of #$AirTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$FixedWingAircraft is an air transportation device that has a fixed wing structure as its primary source of lift. Notable specializations of #$FixedWingAircraft include #$Airplane and #$Glider. `NOTE that some aircract such as VSTOL craft, which may have wings or motors that rotate to the vertical during takeoff and landing, are also categorized as 'FixedWingAircraft' because the defining characteristic is that the aircraft must derive most of its lift during flight from the passage of air driven by the forward movement, over some airfoil on the craft.`
Super-classes	Aircraft^c HexalateralObject^c
Sub-classes	Airplane^c Glider^c

Fixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fixture`
Description	Any 'HumanOccupationConstructObject' that is designed to be attached to the structure by some fastening mechanism that permits removal and replacement. This does not include appliances such as a refrigerator that only need to be plugged in to an electrical outlet, but does include appliances that need connections to a water or gas supply, such as a stove, oil burner, gas water heater. A refrigerator that has a water feed line for an ice-maker is a borderline case of an applicance that is a Fixture. Therefore refrigerators generally may or may not be 'Fixtures' depending on their type. Other examples are light fixtures attached to a wall or ceiling, bookshelves attached to the wall, sinks and toilet fixtures `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fixture' in WordNet: 1. (1) fixture - (a object firmly fixed in place (especially in a household))`
Super-classes	HouseholdAttachment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BuiltIn^c
Sub-classes	LightFixture^c PlumbingFixture^c Cooktop-Device^c KitchenRange^c WindowSeat^c

Fjord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fjord`
Description	A ''Fjord'' is an ''Inlet'' adjacent to some ''Sea'' that is long and narrow, typically between two mountain or hill formations. Associated with Norway,which has some beautiful and famous examples. `A coastal inlet characterized by sheer parallel walls often extending far below the water surface and by many branches. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fjord' in WordNet: 1. fjord, fiord - (a long narrow inlet of the sea between steep cliffs; common in Norway)`
Super-classes	Inlet^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	isConnectedTo^op some Sea^c

FlabbergastingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlabbergastingSomeone`
Description	''FlabbergastingSomeone'' is a ''SurprisingSomeone'' Event that amazes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flabbergast' in WordNet: 1. flabbergast, boggle, bowl over - (overcome with amazement; 'This boggles the mind!')`
Super-classes	SurprisingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Amazement^c

Flag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flag`
Description	SUMO: An Icon made of Fabric that refers to a particular ''GeopoliticalRegion'' or Organization. NOTE: flag symbols that are affixed on a surface, rather than a free cloth sheet, are not included in this sense. @ToDo: how to classify them? As symbols, representing a Flag? `WN does not have a a sense of 'banner' with this meaning, as does RHW: 1. the flag of a country, army, troop, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flag' in WordNet: 1. (26) flag - (emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design)`
Super-classes	FabricObject^c Insignia^c Surface-Open^c SheetArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Pennant^c NationalFlag^c

FlagOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlagOfficer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flag officer' in WordNet: 1. flag officer - (a senior naval officer above the rank of captain)`
Super-classes	CommissionedOfficer^c NavalPerson^c
Sub-classes	ViceAdmiral^c Admiral^c ViceAdmiral-Rank^c RearAdmiral^c

Flagellate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flagellate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flagellate' in WordNet: 1. flagellate, flagellate protozoan, flagellated protozoan, mastigophoran, mastigophore - (a usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some are pathogens of humans and other animals)`
Super-classes	Ciliate^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Flagellum^c

Flagellum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flagellum`
Description	A ''Flagellum'' is a (relatively) long, narrow, flexible ''Appendage'' on a Protozoan that can be moved to `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flagellum' in WordNet: 2. flagellum - (a lash-like appendage used for locomotion (e.g., in sperm cells and some bacteria and protozoa))`
Super-classes	Cilium^c Appendage^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Flagellate^c isUsedInAction^op value LocomotionEvent^c

Flagpole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flagpole`
Description	A ''Flagpole'' is a ''Pole'' (a type of ''Rod'') that is fastened into the ground and oriented vertically and is used to support and display a ''Flag''. This is for a ''Flagpole'' in place, not one that has not yet been installed. The Flagpole directly supports a ''Halyard'' (a rope) that then supports the Flag itself, and also allows the ''Flag'' to be raised and lowered conveniently from the ''Ground''. `CYC: A device which is used to fly a flag from, often with a loop at the top which is used to help pull the flag to the top. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flagpole' in WordNet: 2. flagpole, flagstaff - (a tall staff or pole on which a flag is raised)`
Super-classes	Pole^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Flag^c supports^op value Halyard^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Halyard^c

Flagrantly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flagrantly

Description

''Flagrantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action characterized was ''Egregious''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'flagrantly' in Wordnet:
         1. flagrantly - (in a flagrant manner; 'he is flagrantly disregarding the law')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Flagship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flagship`
Description	This sense of ''Flagship'' is a naval ''Ship'' on which the commander of a fleet is usually located when the ship is at sea. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flagship' in WordNet: 2. flagship - (the ship that carries the commander of a fleet and flies his flag)`
Super-classes	ModernNavalShip^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value TheShipsOfTheFleet^c

Flail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flail`
Description	A ''Flail'' is a ''Device'' that is a ''HandHeldObject'' with a Handle with some stick-like object attached at the end. It is used for threshing, but has also been used as a torture device to beat people, as with a ''Whip''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flail' in WordNet: 1. (1) flail - (an implement consisting of handle with a free swinging stick at the end; used in manual threshing)`
Super-classes	HandHeldObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Handle^c

Flailing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flailing`
Description	''Flailing'' is any Action that is performed by striking an Object with a ''Flail''. Typically this is a means of manual threshing, but when the struck object is an animal, it can be a form of intense punishment or torture. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flail' in WordNet: 1. (1) thrash, thresh, lam, flail - (give a thrashing to; beat hard)`
Super-classes	HandlingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op value Flail^c requiredInstrument^op value Flail^c hadObjectMoved^op value Flail^c hadObjectTouched^op value Flail^c

FlailingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlailingAnAnimal`
Description	''FlailingAnAnimal'' is a ''BeatingAnAnimal'' with a ''Flail''.
Super-classes	HandlingAnObject^c BeatingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Flail^c requiredInstrument^op value Flail^c hadObjectMoved^op value Flail^c mayCause^op value InjuryCondition^c hadObjectHandled^op value Flail^c

Flamboyant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flamboyant

Description

''Flamboyant'' is aAttributeValue of Actions that are ''ColorfullyInteresting'' in intentionally being of an unusual character.

       NOTE: sense 2 may be more specific to visual objects??  Usage inWNseems mixed.
           Need more usage examples (none in WN).

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'flamboyant' in Wordnet:
          1. aureate, florid, flamboyant - (elaborately or excessively ornamented; 'flamboyant handwriting';
             'the senator's florid speech')
          2. flamboyant, unrestrained - (richly and brilliantly colorful)

Super-classes Unusual^c
ColorfullyInteresting^c

Flame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flame`
Description	This sense of 'Flame' is treated as an Event, specifically as a ChemicalReaction. To treat a Flame as a physical object - (glowing gaseous material) would be problematic, because unlike most physical opbjects, a Flame is changing rapidly, so the identity would be a problem - except possibly for some relatively stable flames like that of a candle or an oil burner. Nevertheless some weather phenomena such as a Tornado is treated in COSMO as having both 'Object' and 'Event' meanings. @ToDo:perhaps we should include a 'Flame' object? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flame' in WordNet: 1. (15) fire, flame, flaming - (the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke; 'fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries')
Super-classes	Combustion^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FlameObject^c
Sub-classes	CandleFlame^c

FlameFlickering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlameFlickering`
Description	A 'Flickering' is an Action in which a small flame with its source fixed in place like that on a candle or pilot light moves back and forth more or less rapdly, usually due to some air current. `Includes parts of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'flicker' in WordNet: 1. (3) flicker, waver, flitter, flutter, quiver - (move back and forth very rapidly; 'the candle flickered') 2. flicker, flick - (shine unsteadily; 'The candle flickered') WN verb 'gutter': 1. gutter - (burn unsteadily, feebly, or low; flicker; 'The cooling lava continued to gutter toward lower ground')`
Super-classes	Fluttering^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CandleFlameObject^c

FlameObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlameObject`
Description	A ''FlameObject'' is the ''DynamicObject'' produced by a 'Flame'. This is treated as a PhysicalObject, even though it is constantly changing.
Super-classes	DynamicObject^c DangerousTangibleThing^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Flame^c
Sub-classes	CandleFlameObject^c

Flamethrower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flamethrower`
Description	The ''Spraying'' in the restriction should be made more specific. Need type 'SprayingFlammableLiquid'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flamethrower' in WordNet: 1. flamethrower - (a weapon that squirts ignited fuel for several yards)`
Super-classes	Weapon^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Spraying^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SettingSomethingOnFire^c

Flaming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flaming`
Description	''Flaming'' is one of a group of non-literal intensifiers used to characterize people or situations that are 'very bad' in some respect.. `For a more intense set of similar attributes see ''Goddamned''. Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'flaming' in WordNet: 3. bally, blinking, bloody, blooming, crashing, flaming, fucking - ((used of persons) informal intensifiers; 'what a bally (or blinking) nuisance'; 'a bloody fool'; 'a crashing bore'; 'you flaming idiot')`
Super-classes	Bad^c
Sub-classes	Goddamned^c

Flamingo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flamingo`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flamingo' in WordNet: 1. flamingo - (large pink to scarlet web-footed wading bird with down-bent bill; inhabits brackish lakes)`
Super-classes	WadingBird^c

Flammability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flammability`
Description	CYC: A collection of attributes; a subcollection of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Flammability represents a specific readiness with which some tangible substance burns. Different degrees of #$Flammability are represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Flammability of an object is indicated with the predicate #$flammabilityOfObject. `The state of being more easily ignited than just being 'Combustible' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flammability' in WordNet: 1. flammability, inflammability - (the quality of being easily ignited and burning rapidly)`
Super-classes	Combustibility^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Flammable^c

Flammable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flammable`
Description	'To be ''Flammable'' is to be more easily ignited than the average 'Combustible'' object os substance. usually used for liquids and gases. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flammable' in WordNet: 1. flammable, inflammable - (easily ignited)`
Super-classes	Combustible^c
Sub-classes	Incendiary^c

FlankOfAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlankOfAnAnimal`
Description	The ''FlankOfAnAnimal'' is a BodyPart of a Vertebrate located at each side of the lower torso between the hips and the ''RibCage''. 'flank steak' is taken from a ''Flank'' of a Bovine. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flank' in WordNet: 4. flank - (the side between ribs and hipbone)`
Super-classes	BodyPart^c SideOfaBilateralObject^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value HipAndRibCage^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lateral^c

FlankingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlankingSomething`
Description	''FlankingSomething'' is a type of 'Presence' in which the location of the ''ThingPresent'' is adjacent to the ''SideOfaBilateralObject''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flank' in WordNet: 1. (5) flank - (be located at the sides of something or somebody)`
Super-classes	Presence^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value SideOfaBilateralObject^c hasSubjectOfState^op value SolidObject^c

Flap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flap`
Description	Any FlexibleObject that is an ''ArtifactObject'' attached to the end of a larger PhysicalObject in such a way that the ''Flap'' may be rotated or flexed in smoe way around the attachment point. This is a broad category that includes the fabric flaps at the bottom of a piece of furniture, the cuff of a shirt, coat, or ''PantLeg'' ior as a limiting case the 'flaps' on the ends of airplane wings (which are not themselves flexible, but are flexibly attached to the airplane). It does not have to be at the end of the attached large object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flap' in Wordnet: 1. (3) flap - (any broad thin and limber covering attached at one edge; hangs loose or projects freely; 'he wrote on the flap of the envelope')`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c FlexibleObject^c Attachment^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToSemiRigidly^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Overlap^c Cuff^c Hem^c

Flare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flare`
Description	CYC 'Flare-PyrotechnicDevice': A specialization of #$PyrotechnicDevice. Each instance of #$Flare-PyrotechnicDevice is a device that produces a bright light for signaling, illumination, or identification. `NOTE: this includes the hand-held flares used as a warning device on a highway, as well as the aerial flares shot from a flare pistol or sent into the air on a skyrocket, as well as flares used for illuminating the ground, as during might military operations. These are not ''ExplosiveDevice''s. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'flare' in WordNet: 9. flare - (a device that produces a bright light for warning or illumination or identification)`
Super-classes	LightEmittingObject^c PyrotechnicDevice^c
Restrictions	emits^op value BrightIlluminatingLight^c

FlashOfLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlashOfLight`
Description	A FlashOfLight is a 'LightPropagationEvent' that is brief, lasting less than ten seconds. Most things called 'flash' are briefer. 1913 Webster noun sense 1 of 'flash' A sudden burst of light; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; a momentary blaze; as, 'a flash of lightning. NOTE: sense 7 should probably be a subtype - but not very detailed. This includes noun senses 1, 2, and 7 of 'flash' in WordNet: 1. (7) flash - (a sudden intense burst of radiant energy) 2. (6) flash - (a momentary brightness) 7. flare, flash - (a burst of light used to communicate or illuminate) (gleam or glow intermittently; 'The lights were flashing')
Super-classes	LightPropagationEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c
Sub-classes	Flicker^c Flickering^c LightningFlash^c Glimmer^c

FlashPoint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlashPoint

Description

The ''FlashPoint'' is the 'Temperature' at which a combustible liquid will ignite and burn in the air.

      This is an AttributeType (like length or width) that can be asserted of a PhysicalSubstance,
        and takes a value that is an AttributeValue.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flash point' in WordNet:
         2. flash point, flashpoint - (the lowest temperature at which 
           the vapor of a combustible liquid can be ignited in air)

Super-classes Temperature^c

Flashback^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flashback

Description

A ''Flashback'' is a ''Remembering'' of an experience by a Person that is so vivid it feels like going through that experience again. This can have various causes,such as an intense traumatic experience (e.g. in war), or taking hallucinogenic drugs.

       The RHW sense is from psychiatric discussions.
         RHW 'flashback': 3.b. recurrent and abnormally vivid recollection 
           of a traumatic experience, as a battle, sometimes accompanied by hallucinations.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flashback' in WordNet:
          2. flashback - (an unexpected but vivid recurrence of a 
              past experience (especially a recurrence of the effects 
              of an hallucinogenic drug taken much earlier))

Super-classes Recurrence^c
Remembering^c

Flashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flashing`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flashing' in WordNet: 1. (1) flash, flashing - (a short vivid experience; 'a flash of emotion swept over him'; 'the flashings of pain were a warning')`
Super-classes	Experience^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vivid^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c

Flashlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flashlight`
Description	A small portable electric lamp powered by batteries. The light is usually emitted from a small enclosed ''LightEmittingDiode'' or ''LightBulbIncandescent''. `'torch' is British usage for this type of device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flashlight' in Wordnet: 1. (4) flashlight, torch - (a small portable battery-powered electric lamp)`
Super-classes	ElectricalLightingDevice^c BatteryPoweredDevice^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value ElectricalLightingDevice^c

Flask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flask`
Description	Most 'bottles' have narrow necks, so it is unclear why this is explicit - presumably just to rule out wide-neked bottle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flask' in WordNet: 1. (9) flask - (bottle that has a narrow neck)`
Super-classes	Bottle^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value NarrowBottleNeck^c
Sub-classes	ErlenmeyerFlask^c Thermos^c

Flat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flat`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc, the class 'Flat' has physical objects in it that are flat. For COSMO, this is defined as an AttributeValue, which can be of an AbstractObject (e.g. a geometric 'plane'). NOTE that an Object can have some surface roughness and still be 'Flat', such as a flat roof with gravel on it. This AttributeValue needs to be interpreted with respect to the scale of the object being described. Thus this is not the same as 'smooth'. NOTE that the Flat thing need not be solid - the surface of a liquid is often also 'Flat'. Cyc comment: A flat surface is flat overall. It may have texture or may have relatively small subregions which are concave, convex, have holes all the way through etc.. Need not be horizontal. See #$SheetShaped for 'two-sided' or 'flat' objects such as boards, uncrumpled sheets of paper, or Compact Discs. Corresponds mostly to adjective sense 1 of 'flat' and adjective sense 1 of 'plane' in WordNet, but the WordNet comment may suggest that a surface must be horizontal; a 'Flat' surface need not be horizontal - for that use subattribute ''Level''..: in WordNet: 1. (12) flat, level, plane - (having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another; 'a flat desk'; 'acres of level farmland'; 'a plane surface'; 'skirts sewn with fine flat seams')
Super-classes	MostlyFlat^c Even^c
Sub-classes	Level^c

Flat-bottomed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flat-bottomed

Description

''Flat-bottomed'' mostly describes ''Boat''s whose hulls are ''Flat'' on the bottom, rather than V-shaped as in most boats.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flat-bottomed' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) flat-bottomed, flat-bottom - (having a flat bottom; 
              "a flat-bottomed boat")
       WN adj 'flatbottom':
         1. flatbottom, flatbottomed - (having a flat bottom; 
             'a flatbottom kettle'; 'a flatbottomed boat')

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

Flat-topped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flat-topped

Description

''Flat-topped'' describes any PhysicalObject that has a top part that is relatively flat and whose top part is typcally oriented horizontally.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flat-topped' in WordNet:
          1. flat-topped, flat-top - (having a flat or flattened upper surface)

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

FlatBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatBlade`
Description	A ''FlatBlade'' is a ''Blade'' that has a straight cutting edge on one of the four sides of a ''MetalPlate''.
Super-classes	MetalPlate^c Blade^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value KnifeEdge^c
Sub-classes	SquareBlade^c RazorBlade^c

FlatBottomedBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatBottomedBoat`
Description	A ''FlatBottomedBoat'' is a ''Watercraft-Small'' with a flat bottom.
Super-classes	Watercraft-Small^c FlatBottomedObject^c
Sub-classes	Punt^c

FlatBottomedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatBottomedObject`
Description	A ''FlatBottomedObject'' is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' on which the nominal 'bottom' side is relatively ''Flat''. Small objects can be inverted so that the nominal 'bottom is oriented in any fashion, but the 'bottom'' must still be the same.
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c FlatObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-bottomed^c
Sub-classes	Griddle^c Runner^c FlatBottomedBoat^c Ski^c

FlatEnd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatEnd`
Description	A ''FlatEnd'' is the ''Flat'' end of an Object or part of an Object.
Super-classes	EndOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c

FlatEnds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatEnds`
Description	This ''FlatEnds'' is a Pair of ''FlatEnd''s oriented parallel to and opposite to each other on the two ends of one PhysicalObject.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf only PhysicalObject^c hasComponentElement^op only FlatEnd^c

FlatObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatObject`
Description	A FlatObject is a PhysicalObject that has at least one surface that is relatively Flat. `COSMO note: In Cyc, this class was called 'Flat', which in COSMO is an attribute. Cyc comment: A flat surface is flat overall. It may have texture or may have relatively small subregions which are concave, convex, have holes all the way through etc.. Need not be horizontal. See #$SheetShaped for 'two-sided' or 'flat' objects such as boards, uncrumpled sheets of paper, or Compact Discs.`
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c PlanarObject^c MacroscopicObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c
Sub-classes	FlatToppedObject^c SportCourse^c GameCourt^c Snowflake^c MetalPlate^c Roadway^c GroundOrFloor^c Rudder^c Disk^c AthleticField^c AthleticFieldPart^c FlatBottomedObject^c Scale-AnimalBodyPart^c GenericVane^c SliceOfSomething^c Palette^c RibbonlikeObject^c Tile^c PavedSurface^c

FlatPlate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatPlate`
Description	A ''FlatPlate' is a sheet-like ''SolidObject'' that is significantly ''Flate'' and thin, stiffer than 20-pound paper and will not droop when one end is held horizontal; it is rigid and can be of any material. `in WordNet: WN noun 'plate': 1. (7) plate - (a sheet of metal or wood or glass or plastic)`
Super-classes	DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c
Sub-classes	MetalPlate^c Nameplate^c BuildingSiding^c

FlatSurfacePortion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatSurfacePortion`
Description	A 'FlatSurfacePortion'' is a ''SurfacePortion'' of some ''PhysicalObject'' that is ''MostlyFlat'', i.e. it has no more than a little curvature and few protrusions that are prominent. It may have multiple indentations, and diverse distinguishable parts, as in the subtype ''InstrumentPanel''. Instances of this type need not be distinct objects separable from the main body of the PhysicalObject of which it is a part,
Super-classes	SurfacePortion^c SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostlyFlat^c
Sub-classes	CookingSurface^c DisplayPanel^c

FlatToppedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatToppedObject`
Description	A ''FlatToppedObject'' is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' on which the nominal 'top' side is relatively ''Flat''. Small objects can be inverted so that the nominal 'top' is oriented in any fashion, but the 'top'' must still be the same side.
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c FlatObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-topped^c
Sub-classes	Table-Furniture^c Platform^c Bed^c

FlatWorm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatWorm`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flatworm' in WordNet: 1. flatworm, platyhelminth - (parasitic or free-living worms having a flattened body)`
Super-classes	Worm^c
Sub-classes	Trematode^c

Flatfish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flatfish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flatfish' in WordNet: 2. flatfish - (any of several families of fishes having flattened bodies that swim along the sea floor on one side of the body with both eyes on the upper side)`
Super-classes	Spiny-finnedFish^c
Sub-classes	Halibut^c

Flatlining^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flatlining

Description

''Flatlining'' is a type of Death (the act of dying) in which an a patient being monitored by EKG no longer shows any evidence of heartbeat. This may be reversible by shocking the heart.

        No WN or RHWsense for this.

Super-classes Death^c

FlatteningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatteningSomething`
Description	''FlatteningSomething'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which the product is a ''FlatObject'' (or at least flatter than when it started). The resulting object may just be flatter on its surface or actually sheetlike. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flatten' in WordNet: 1. (6) flatten - (make flat or flatter; 'flatten a road'; 'flatten your stomach with these exercises')`
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some MalleableObject^c hadObjectModified^op some MalleableObject^c produces^op some FlatObject^c
Sub-classes	RollingOutSomething^c

Flattering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flattering`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flattering' in Wordnet: 1. flattering - (showing or representing to advantage; 'a flattering color')`
Super-classes	Insincere^c Complimentary^c

FlatteringAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlatteringAction`
Description	''FlatteringAction'' is a form of ''Complimenting'' that is not fully sincere; though it may be based on legitimate grounds for ''Complimenting'' it exceeds the normal degree of praise for the type of Action being praised. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flatter' in WordNet: 1. (7) flatter, blandish - (praise somewhat dishonestly)`
Super-classes	Exaggerating^c Complimenting^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Flattery^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Insincere^c hadThingTransferred^op some Flattery^c
Sub-classes	CurryingFavor^c Toadying^c

Flattery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flattery`
Description	''Flattery'' is a form of 'PraiseText' produced by ''Flattering'', `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flattery' in WordNet: 1. (2) flattery - (excessive or insincere praise)`
Super-classes	PraiseText^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some FlatteringAction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Exaggerated^c
Sub-classes	Adulation^c

Flatware^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flatware`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flatware' in WordNet: 1. flatware - (tableware that is relatively flat and fashioned as a single piece)`
Super-classes	ServingVessel^c Tableware^c
Sub-classes	Platter^c

Flaunting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flaunting

Description

Showing off something one is proud of.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flaunt' in WordNet:
          1. (3) flaunt, flash, show off, ostentate, swank -
              (display proudly; act ostentatiously or pretentiously; 
              'he showed off his new sports car')

Super-classes OstentatiousDisplay^c

Flaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flaw`
Description	Each 'Flaw' is something Undesirable (considered here as an ''ObjectType'' (not necessariy physical) in some generic artifact or object (including abstract objects such as theories and plans) or Action.This is not an Attribute. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flaw' in WordNet: 5. (23) defect, fault, flaw - (an imperfection in a device or machine; 'if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer')`
Super-classes	UndesirableThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flawed^c
Sub-classes	Blemish^c Defect^c Glitch^c

Flawed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flawed`
Description	The property of having a ''Flaw''. `NOTE that this means having any ''Flaw'', whereas The subattribute ''Imperfect'' is to have some flaw that is relevant to a purpose. These subtle differences may be difficult to distinguish in text, but an author may find them useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flawed' in WordNet: 1. blemished, flawed - (having a blemish or flaw; 'a flawed diamond')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Imperfect^c Defective^c Faulty^c

FlawedQuality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlawedQuality`
Description	''FlawedQuality'' is a generic ''AttributeType'' that categorizes the ways that things can be 'Bad' or flawed or imperfect. `@ToDo1297 relate this to 'Flaw' the physical imperfection`
Super-classes	BadThing^c AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Untruthfulness^c Shortcoming^c

Flawless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flawless

Description

The property of not having a ''Flaw''. e.g. 'a D flawless diamond' (used in a technical as well as everyday sense). This can apply to Actions as well as Objects: 'A flawless execution of a triple Axle'; 'flawless logic'

       The difference between this and parent ''Perfect'' and sister node
        ''Impeccable'' is vague. Perhaps  something can be 'perfect' 
        for some purposes in spite of having  some inconsequential flaw.
       This may be merged with ''Impeccable'' but ''Impeccable'' is not
       usually used for objects.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flawless' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) flawless, unflawed - (without a flaw; 'a flawless gemstone')

Super-classes Perfect^c

Flawlessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flawlessness`
Description	''Flawlessness'' is a ''Quality'' (a PersistentState) of something (Object or Action) that has no ''Flaw'' or defect. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flawlessness' in WordNet: 1. perfection, flawlessness, ne plus ultra - (the state of being without a flaw or defect)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Flaw^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Perfect^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Flawless^c contrastsWith^op value Imperfection^c

FlaxPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlaxPlant`
Description	Any of several species of plant of the genus Linum which are processed to produce the fibrous material 'Linen'. In particular Linum usitatissimum, a slender, erect, annual plant with narrow, lance-shaped leaves and blue flowers, is the Linum most commonly cultivated for its fiber and seeds.
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c

FlaxSeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlaxSeed`
Description	The seed of the FlaxPlant, the source of ''LinseedOil''.
Super-classes	Seed^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value FlaxPlant^c

Flea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flea`
Description	The small insect that infests furry animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flea' in WordNet: 1. (1) flea - (any wingless bloodsucking parasitic insect noted for ability to leap)`
Super-classes	BloodFeedingArthropod^c Insect^c Vermin^c Parasite^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value 0.005^c

FleaBite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FleaBite`
Description	A ''FleaBite'' is a ''Bite'' (a wound on the skin) of a ''Flea'', often manifesting as a small swelling. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flea bite' in WordNet: 1. flea bite - (sting inflicted by a flea)`
Super-classes	ArthropodBite^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value FleaBiting^c wasCreatedBy^op value Flea^c

FleaBiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FleaBiting`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a #$Flea is the doer of #$InsectBiting.
Super-classes	HarmingAnAgent^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c Ingesting^c Biting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FleaBite^c isPerformedBy^op value Flea^c

Fleeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fleeing`
Description	'Fleeing' is the action of a 'IntentionalAgent' that leaves a location to avoid confronting or being apprehended by some other agent, or to avoid being recaptured after escaping from someone's control (the escaping itself is an instance of 'EscapingCaptivity'), or to escape a ''DangerousSituation'' (e.g. ''War'',flood, fire, toxic fumes). This applies to animals as well as people (and, in the future, possibly to automatons, if intelligent enough). Fleeing in the face of an advancing enemy is an instance of 'Fleeing'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'flee' and verb sense 2 of 'run' and sense 1 and 2 of 'run away' in WordNet, but does not require that the fleeing be done by foot: in WordNet: WN 'flee': 1. (37) flee, fly, take flight - (run away quickly; 'He threw down his gun and fled') WN 'run; 2. (38) scat, run, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it, bunk, head for the hills, take to the woods, escape, fly the coop, break away - (flee; take to one's heels; cut and run; 'If you see this man, run!'; 'The burglars escaped before the police showed up') WN 'run away': 2. (1) run away - (escape from the control of; 'Industry is running away with us all')
Super-classes	RunningAway^c AvoidanceAction^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op some (DangerousSituation^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	EludingCapture^c EscapingCaptivity^c BailingOut^c

Fleet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fleet`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc this is called 'Fleet-MilitaryEchelon'. We use this category to represent a modern naval fleet, such as the US 'Sixth Fleet', 'Fleet' in COSMO is a subtype of Organization. For informal use of 'fleet' to refer to groups of vessels that are not a military Fleet organization, use 'GroupOfVessels'. Cyc: The attribute of being a deployable naval unit called a 'fleet'. As a rule, fleets are composed of several large military units equipped with sizeable #$ModernNavalShips. In most country's orders-of-battle, fleets are commanded by admirals (see #$Admiral-Rank). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fleet' in Wordnet: 4. fleet - (a group of warships organized as a tactical unit)
Super-classes	MilitaryUnit^c Fleet^c ModernMilitaryOrganization^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op value NavalFleet-Organization^c hasAssociatedGroupType^op value TheShipsOfTheFleet^c
Sub-classes	Fleet^c

Flesh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flesh`
Description	A type of animal tissue that is soft, including muscle and fatty tissue. This does not include the 'flesh' of a fruit - see 'Pulp'. `COSMO note: this is a substance, not any particular object. Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'flesh' in RHW: 1. the soft substance of a human or other animal body, consisting of muscle and fat. 2. muscular and fatty tissue. Corresponds to approximately to noun sense 1 of 'flesh' in WordNet: 1. (12) flesh - (the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat)`
Super-classes	Tissue^c
Sub-classes	MuscleTissue^c

FlexedMuscle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlexedMuscle

Description

A ''FlexedMuscle'' is one of the Flexor mscles that is in the flexed state.

      This is added to include the CYC element 'flexed' -not
        exactly the same as CYC  Note clear where this is useful

      CYC 'Flexed':    the body part is flexed, curled up.  cf Extended.
        The flexor muscles are activated, and the extensor muscles
        are relaxed.

Super-classes Muscle^c

Flexibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flexibility`
Description	''Flexibility'' is the ability of a PhysicalObject (sheetlike or rod-shaped) to bend or otherwise undergo a ''ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flexibility' in WordNet: 1. (7) flexibility, flexibleness - (the property of being flexible; easily bent or shaped)`
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c PersistentState^c Capability^c
Sub-classes	Malleability^c Elasticity^c

Flexible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flexible`
Description	An attribute of PhysicalObjects specifying that they can bend to some extent and do not retain their original shape when some force is applied (though they may regain their original shape when the force is removed). This is a general category of attribute which can take several degrees. In Cyc this concept is in effect a PhysicalObject that is flexible, but in COSMO the attribute and the object are separate concepts. For the Cyc notion of a flexible object, see 'FlexibleObject'. "breakability" Flexibility can be a property of substances, but is more appropriately assigned to objects, since the degree of bending for any given force will depend on the dimensions of an object and where the force is applied. This attribute includes all perceptible degrees of flexibility. A sphere or cube of rigid material such as solid plastic, rock, metal, or glass should not be characterixed as flexible in any degree, though they may be 'Compressible'., 'flexible' can be distinguished by degrees of flexibility: (1) 'slightly flexible', meaning that an object such as a metal beam or airplane wing, or wooden plank, is relatively rigid, but can flex to some extent (perhaps not much more than 10% of its length) when some pressure is applied at the point furthest from the point where it is fixed to an immovable object. This property is not disjoint with 'Rigid' or 'Stiff'. (2) 'bendable' (3) 'foldable' (4) 'creasable' As of version 0.32 not all of these distinctions are included in COSMO, and none have been axiomatized. Cyc: (the object, not the attribute) The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible that can be flexed, twisted, contorted. #$Flexible objects which retain their contorted shape are instances of #$Bendable (q.v.); #$Flexible objects which vigorously bounce back to their original shapes when contorted are instances of #$Elastic. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'flexible' in Wordnet: 2. (2) flexible, flexile - (able to flex; able to bend easily; 'slim flexible birches')
Super-classes	Deformable^c
Sub-classes	Leathery^c Malleable^c Woven^c Elastic^c Bendable^c Identifiable^c

FlexibleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlexibleObject`
Description	has greater than Inelastic Elasticity
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c
Sub-classes	Fin^c Curtain^c PortableCarrier^c Cuff^c SqueezeTube^c Necklace^c PieceOfPlasticFilm^c InflatableContainer^c Bladder^c TextileArtifact^c Flap^c Hose^c Belt-Mechanical^c Tail^c Suspenders^c Sac-Organic^c

Flick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flick`
Description	A ''Flick'' is a small brief ''CyclicMovement'' (an Event in which an Object moves and then returns to its original location). It may or may not be repeated, (in which case it would be an ''Iteration'') but this type represents only one such ''Cycle''. This type represents the object doing the cyclic motion (often a hand) - the motion of an object propelled by that motion is not included (see ''Flinging''). This is usually performed by the hand or finger or tail of an animal. e.g. 'flick' of the wrist or of a cow's tail. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flick' in WordNet: 1. (2) flick - (a light sharp contact (usually with something flexible); 'he gave it a flick with his finger'; 'he felt the flick of a whip') WN verb 'flick': 3. (1) flip, flick - (cause to move with a flick; 'he flicked his Bic') 8. flick - (touch or hit with a light, quick blow; 'flicked him with his hand') 9. flick - (remove with a flick (of the hand))
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c Cycle^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Momentary^c

Flicker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flicker`
Description	A ''Flicker'' is a brief FlashOfLight that is not very intense and may be repeated in a 'flickering' Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flicker' in WordNet: 1. flicker, spark, glint - (a momentary flash of light) WN verb 'flash': 1. (9) flash, blink, wink, twinkle, winkle - (gleam or glow intermittently; "The lights were flashing")`
Super-classes	FlashOfLight^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

Flickering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flickering

Description

A ''Flickering'' is a repeated ''Flicker'' in which the time of the on and off cycle is less than a few minutes..

     Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'flicker' in WordNet:
         3. flicker, flick - (flash intermittently; 'The lights flicked on and off')

Super-classes FlashOfLight^c
Repeating^c

FlightDeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlightDeck`
Description	A ''FlightDeck'' is a ''MainDeck'' of an ''AircraftCarrier'' where the 'WarPlane''s it carries can take off and land. It serves as a ''Runway'' for those planes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flight deck' in WordNet: 1. flight deck, landing deck - (the upper deck of an aircraft carrier; used as a runway)`
Super-classes	MainDeck^c Runway^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horizontal^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value AircraftCarrier^c

FlightOfStairs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlightOfStairs`
Description	Each 'FlightOfStairs' is connected series of stairs or steps at progressively higher heights, not interrupted by a landing (a level section without stairs). Each 'FlightOfStairs' contains a Group of 'Stair's, but may have other components such as walls or a handrail. `NOTE: 'stairs' may refer to one flight of stairs, or a whole ''Stairway''. Used in both senses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flight of stairs' in WordNet: 1. (1) flight, flight of stairs, flight of steps - (a stairway (set of steps) between one floor or landing and the next) WN noun 'stairs': 1. (15) stairs, steps - (a flight of stairs or a flight of steps)`
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Stair^c

FlightViaAirTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlightViaAirTransportationDevice`
Description	COSMO note: an instance of 'FlightViaAirTransportationDevice' may consist of multiple segments of takeoff and landing. Each segment is also an instance of 'FlightViaAirTransportationDevice'. Therefore the beginning and ending points of a flight may be somewhat arbitrarily designated. In air transportation practice, it can happen that a person leaves an airplane and reboards, while counting the trip from origin to destination as one 'flight' This should have more detail. This is a ''Travel-TripEvent'', so it has a beginning point and a destination, which could be the same location. Cyc: The collection of instances of (#$TransportViaFn #$AirTransportationDevice) in which the device is actually #$Flying. Many #$AirTransportationDevices are capable of land or water travel, and often engage in transporting events while in such land or water travel modes (e.g., a plane driving passengers to their gate from the runway, after landing.) Corresponds to verb sense 9 of 'fly' and noun senses 2 and 9 of 'flight' in WordNet; the more general 'flying' is represented by the supertype 'Flying'.. For noun sense 9 of 'flight', a future scheduled 'flight' as well as completed flights are included; the future flight exists only in a possible world until it is actually executed, then exists in our real world. WN verb 'fly': in WordNet: 9. (1) fly - (travel in an airplane; 'she is flying to Cincinnati tonight'; 'Are we driving or flying?') WN noun 'flight': 2. (6) flight, flying - (an instance of traveling by air; 'flying was still an exciting adventure for him') 9. flight - (a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports; 'I took the noon flight to Chicago') WN 'air travel': 4. air travel, aviation, air - (travel via aircraft; 'air travel involves too much waiting in airports'; 'if you've time to spare go by air')
Super-classes	OutdoorActivity^c Travel-TripEvent^c HumanActivity^c FlyingAction^c AirTransportationEvent^c
Sub-classes	NonstopFlight^c

FlightlessBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlightlessBird`
Description	$FlightlessBird is the collection of #$Birds that `can't fly. Notable specializations include #$Penguin and #$Emu. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flightless bird' in WordNet: 1. ratite, ratite bird, flightless bird - (flightless birds having flat breastbones lacking a keel for attachment of flight muscles: ostriches; cassowaries; emus; moas; rheas; kiwis; elephant birds)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	Emu^c Ostrich^c Kiwi^c Penguin^c

Flimsy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flimsy

Description

Built in such a way that its resistance to breakage or other physical damage is less than normal for an object of that type. This is for physical objects, and the Wordnet example 'a fragile link to the past' is not part of the COSMO sense.

 Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'flimsy' in WordNet:
 1. (2) flimsy, fragile - (lacking solidity or strength and 
    liable to break; 'a flimsy table'; 'flimsy construction'; 
    'a fragile link with the past')

Super-classes Delicate^c

FlingingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlingingSomething`
Description	''FlingingSomething'' is a ''Throwing'' in which a Person propels a small object with a brief motion of the hand (a ''Flick''). NOTE: this does not require a lot of 'force', it differs from the parent ''throw' in that the object thrown is small and light enough to require little force to propel it. One can fling a frisbee or a crumpled piece of paper, but ''ThrowingADiscus'' would require more exertion and force than is represented by this type. This type requires that the Person doing the flinging have the object in the hand in a ''Grasping'' Event immediately prior to the fling. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fling' in WordNet: 1. (13) fling - (throw with force or recklessness; 'fling the frisbee') WN noun 'fling': 3. fling - (the act of flinging)`
Super-classes	Throwing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value SmallObject^c alwaysFollows^op value Grasping^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hasSubEvent^op value Flick^c

Flint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flint

Description

A type of stone consisting mostly silica (''SiliconDioxide'').

       Has been used by primitive people to make arrowheads; 'flakes'
         are created by applying pressure at the right angle.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flint' in WordNet:
         1. (1) flint - (a hard kind of stone; a form of silica more opaque than chalcedony)

Super-classes Stone^c

Flip-Flop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flip-Flop`
Description	sandal `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flip-flop' in WordNet: 2. flip-flop, thong - (a backless sandal held to the foot by a thong between the big toe and the second toe)`
Super-classes	Sandal^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value ShoeBack^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Thong^c

Flippancy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flippancy`
Description	''Flippancy'' is ''Levity'' in a situation. where it is inappropriate or insulting to the listener. `CYC: Emotion shown by irresponsibly gay or indifferent behavior, when seriousness is expected. Empty conduct Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flippancy' in WordNet: 1. flippancy, light-mindedness - (inappropriate levity; 'her mood changed and she was all lightness and joy')`
Super-classes	Levity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unsuitable^c

Flipper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flipper`
Description	This sense of ''Flipper'' is for the limbs on aquatic mammals that are homologous to arms and shaped to assist swimming underwater. A similar appendage on a non-mammal would be a 'fin'. `CYC: Broad, flat limb adapted for swimming. RHW: a broad, flat limb, as of a seal or whale, especially adapted for swimming. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flipper' in WordNet: 2. flipper - (the flat broad limb of aquatic animals specialized for swimming)`
Super-classes	Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value AquaticMammal^c

FlipperShoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlipperShoe`
Description	A ''FlipperShoe'' is a specialized ''Shoe'' designed to be worn while ''SwimmingUnderwater'', to provide propulsion by moving the lower legs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flipper' in WordNet: 1. flipper, fin - (a shoe for swimming; the paddle-like front is an aid in swimming (especially underwater))`
Super-classes	Shoe^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SwimmingUnderwater^c enablesOrAssists^op value SwimmingUnderwater^c enablesOrAssists^op value Propelling^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Paddle-Water^c

FlippingaCoin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlippingaCoin`
Description	In CYC 'Flipping': Tossing with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn in the air #$PerpendicularTo the direction of motion. NOTE: in COSMO this is specifically for 'flpping' a coin, as a means of making a random yes/no or either/or decision. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'flip' in WordNet: 3. flip, toss - (the act of flipping a coin)`
Super-classes	Tossing^c Rotation^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Coin^c

Flirting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flirting`
Description	''Flirting''is a ''PlayfulFrolic'' in which .one person behaves with anothr in a manner that suggests ronmantic or sexual interest, CYC: The collection of all events of flirtation, where the agent behaves so as to invite romantic or sexual interest in another. Examples include non-verbal communication such as smiling and batting one's eyelashes, as well as other forms of communication. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flirt' in WordNet: 1. (1) chat up, flirt, dally, butterfly, coquet, coquette, romance, philander, mash - (talk or behave amorously, without serious intentions; 'The guys always try to chat up the new secretaries'; 'My husband never flirts with other women') WN noun 'flirting': 1. flirt, flirting, flirtation, coquetry, dalliance, toying - (playful behavior intended to arouse sexual interest)
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c RecreationalActivity^c SociabilityBasedAction^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Romantic^c causes^op value Amusement-Feeling^c

Floatable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Floatable

Description

"Floatable" is the attribute of Objects that are capable of ''FloatingOnWater'' - i.e.they are less dense than water. This isvague because something capable of floating on SeaWater (or the DeadSea) may sink in pure water. This covers both cases.

         No WN sense.          
         RHW 'floatable': 1  .capable of floating; that can be floated.

Super-classes Buoyant^c

Floater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Floater`
Description	Any SolidObject that floats in or on (is supported by) some liquid. `The 'floaters' in the eye are the visual 'spots' effects, rather than the objects causing them. These are not included here. 7. floater - (an object that floats or is capable of floating) Includes the most general sense 7 of 'floater' in WordNet, but also includes the subtype of 'floater' that is specifically found in the eye: in WordNet: 7. floater - (an object that floats or is capable of floating)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some FloatingEvent^c

Floating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Floating`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'floating' in Wordnet: 5. floating - (borne up by or suspended in a liquid; 'the ship is still floating'; 'floating logs'; 'floating seaweed')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Adrift^c

FloatingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloatingEvent`
Description	An Event in which some object floats on (is supported by) some liquid or gaseous substance. For floating on a surface of a liquid, use 'FloatingOnaLiquid'. NOTE that things that might sink if not in motion but are supported by the fluid substance are also considered to be 'Floating'. This includes things that are so small that, even if slightly denser than the suspending liquid, they can be suspended for a while by thermal currents, viscosity or Brownian effects (i.e. can be particles in a 'Suspension'). See also 'Swimming' Cyc (FloatingInASubstance) The collection of all events in which an object floats (is suspended) in a liquid or gaseous substance. Includes verb sense 1 of 'float' in WordNet, but also includes the subtype of 'float' ('FloatingOnaLiquid'), being supported on the surface of a liquid, not necessarily moving with a current.: in WordNet: 1. (14) float, drift, be adrift, blow - (be in motion due to some air or water current; 'The leaves were blowing in the wind'; 'the boat drifted on the lake'; 'The sailboat was adrift on the open sea'; 'the shipwrecked boat drifted away from the shore')
Super-classes	BeingSupported^c
Sub-classes	FloatingOnaLiquid^c

FloatingOnWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloatingOnWater`
Description	''FloatingOnWater'' is a subtype of ''FloatingOnaLiquid'' where the liquid is Water and the Event occurs on a ''WaterObject''. This can be performed by any kind of PhysicalObject, including a LiquidObject (e.g. an oil slick) `NOTE: the WN sense is not specific to Water. Corresponds approximately to part of verb sense 2 of 'float' in WordNet: 2. (4) float, swim - (be afloat; stay on a liquid surface; not sink)`
Super-classes	FloatingOnaLiquid^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value WaterObject^c occursAt^op value WaterSurface^c

FloatingOnaLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloatingOnaLiquid`
Description	An Event in which some object floats on the surface of (is supported by) some liquid, in a gravitational field. For 'floating' within a liquid, or in a gas, use the more general 'FloatingEvent'. `The case role of the liquid on which the floating is occurring is pointed to by 'hasSupportingThing'. The object that is floating can be related to the liquid by the relation 'isSupportedBy'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'float' in WordNet: 2. (4) float, swim - (be afloat; stay on a liquid surface; not sink)`
Super-classes	FloatingEvent^c ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation^c
Sub-classes	FloatingOnWater^c Swimming^c

FloatingPointOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloatingPointOperation`
Description	An ''FloatingPointOperation'' is an Event that is part of a ''ComputerProgramExecution'' that includes Floating Point arithmetic operations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floating-point operation' in WordNet: 1. floating-point operation, flop - (an arithmetic operation performed on floating-point numbers; "this computer can perform a million flops per second")`
Super-classes	Cycle^c ComputerInstructionExecution^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some ComputerProgramExecution^c

Flock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flock`
Description	A Flock is a Group of which each component element is a Bird. The 'flock' of sheep is represented by ''FlockOfSheep''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flock' in WN: in WordNet: 2. (2) flock - (a group of birds)`
Super-classes	GroupOfBeasts^c ClusterOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Bird^c

FlockOfSheep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlockOfSheep`
Description	A ''FlockOfSheep'' is a ''Group'' of ''Sheep'' that are owned by one owner, and allowed to graze together in some area, monitored by a ''Shepherd''. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'flock' in WordNet: 5. flock, fold - (a group of sheep or goats)`
Super-classes	CollectiveAgent^c Herd^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Sheep^c

Flocked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flocked`
Description	''Flocked'' is an attribute of fabrics that have had a surface layer of fibers applied in a ''FlockingaFabric'' process.
Super-classes	Soft^c PastParticiple^c

FlockedFabric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlockedFabric`
Description	A ''FlockedFabric'' is a ''Fabric'' that is a flocked (as contrasted with woven).
Super-classes	Mixture^c Fabric^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flocked^c
Sub-classes	Velvet^c Velveteen^c

FlockingaFabric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlockingaFabric`
Description	''FlockingaFabric'' is an Action in which a flocking material (small short fibers of a soft material) are attached to a backing fabric, to create a flocked fabric (velvet, velveteen) that has a soft surface with a pleasant feel. `Wikipedia: Flocking is the process of depositing many small fiber particles (called flock) onto a surface. It can also refer to the texture produced by the process, or to any material used primarily for its flocked surface. Flocking of an article can be performed for the purpose of increasing its value in terms of the tactile sensation, aesthetics, color and appearance. It can also be performed for functional reasons including insulation, slip-or-grip friction, and low reflectivity.`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FlockedFabric^c

Flooded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flooded

Description

An attribute of Places or Objects that have some (relatively) large quantity of water not controlled by confinement to a container, perhaps flowing throgh an area. This is usually an unintended and undesirable attribute.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flooded' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) afloat, awash, flooded, inundated, overflowing -
            (covered with water; 'the main deck was afloat (or awash)';
            'the monsoon left the whole place awash'; 'a flooded bathroom';
            'inundated farmlands'; 'an overflowing tub')

Super-classes Wet^c

Flooding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flooding`
Description	A specialization of #$NaturalHazard. Each instance of #$Flooding is an event in which water levels reach dangerous heights. SUMO: Flooding is the subclass of LiquidMotion processes in which the water level of a Waterway rises or water spreads over a flood plain along a Waterway. NOTE: ''Flooding'' inherits relations ''hasEndingPlace'' and ''hasThingPassedThrough''. These would seem to be contradictory and suggest some modification of the parent type(s. @ToDo - reconsider. Perhaps'endingplace' relation needs rethinking, or FluidFlowEvent?? Perhaps Flooding has subEvent ''FluidFlowEvent''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flood', and includes the non-metaphorical parts of verb senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'flood' in WordNet: 1. (5) flood, inundation, deluge, alluvion - (the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land; 'plains fertilized by annual inundations') WN verb 'flood': 1. (6) deluge, flood, inundate, swamp - (fill quickly beyond capacity; as with a liquid; 'the basement was inundated after the storm'; 'The images flooded his mind') 2. (3) flood - (cover with liquid, usually water; 'The swollen river flooded the village'; 'The broken vein had flooded blood in her eyes') 4. flood - (become filled to overflowing; 'Our basement flooded during the heavy rains')
Super-classes	NaturalDisaster^c UndesirableEvent^c Overflowing^c WaterMotion^c Wetting^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value DangerousSituation^c mayCause^op value PropertyDamage^c hadMainParticipant^op value Water^c alwaysCauses^op value Wetting^c hadThingTransferred^op value Water^c hasEndingSubEvent^op value BeingFlooded^c hasObjectOfComparison^op value WaterObject^c hasSubjectOfState^op value WaterObject^c
Sub-classes	OceanFlooding^c DamagingFlood^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheGreatFlood http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheNewOrleansFloodOf2005

Floor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Floor`
Description	In Cyc termed 'FloorInAConstruction'. cyc: a specialization of #$PartOfAnHSC and #$Wall-GenericBarrier. Each instance of #$FloorInAConstruction is a physical floor in a building (typically made to walk upon), _not_ the level (the story composed of rooms or halls - see #$LevelOfAConstruction). The floor can include any floor in a building such as the floor of a room on the third floor as well as the floor of the entire first level of the building. This includes just the horizontal surface - not the subfloor. It also does not include floor coverings like carpet or tile. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact that is the bottom surface of a Room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floor' in WordNet: 1. (38) floor, flooring - (the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room or hallway); 'they needed rugs to cover the bare floors')
Super-classes	PartOfAnHSC^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c GroundOrFloor^c SupportingSurface^c
Sub-classes	DanceFloor^c

FloorBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloorBoard`
Description	A ''FloorBoard'' is a Wooden' ''Board'' that is or designed to be part of some ''Floor'. `floorboard`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c Board^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Floor^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BuildingaSructure^c

FloorCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloorCovering`
Description	CYC: The collection of all objects designed to be used as coverings for floors. The intended purpose could be to shelter or protect the floor, or even just to serve a decorative function. Examples include #$FloorTiles, #$Rugs, #$Carpets and wooden flooring.
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Covering-Object^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Floor^c
Sub-classes	Mat^c Carpet^c FloorTile^c

FloorTile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloorTile`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Tile that are intended to be used as #$Covering-Objects for instances of #$FloorInAConstruction.
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c FloorCovering^c Tile^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Floor^c

FlooringMaterial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlooringMaterial

Description

''FlooringMaterial'' is a ''SolidSubstance'' used in construction to make the ''Floor'' of some part of a 'Building''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flooring' in WordNet:
         2. flooring - (building material used in laying floors)

Super-classes BuildingMaterial^c
ArtificialSubstance^c
SolidSubstance^c

Flop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flop`
Description	''Flop'' is a ''Failure'' that does not come close to being a ''SuccessfulAction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'flop' in WordNet: 3. flop, bust, fizzle - (a complete failure; 'the play was a dismal flop')`
Super-classes	MistakenAction^c Failure^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value IncompetentlyPerformed^c

FloppingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloppingDown`
Description	''FloppingDown'' is a ''PurposefulAction'' of a Person who moves from a standing position to a sitting or lying position in a loosely controlled manner, striking the target supporting object with some velocity - not gently - in contrast with a typical sitting that is performed gently. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flop' in WordNet: 1. (4) flop - (fall loosely; 'He flopped into a chair') WN noun 'flop': 4. flop, collapse - (the act of throwing yourself down; 'he landed on the bed with a great flop')`
Super-classes	DirectedTranslation^c PurposefulAction^c FallingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value StrikingHeavy^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute^op value TouchingGentle^c

Floppy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Floppy`
Description	Not rigid - if held by one end, the other end will droop to some extent in a gravitational field. `FOr animal ears, being ''Floppy' is more accrately represented as being ''Limp'' (a subtype of ''Floppy''). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'floppy' in Wordnet: 1. floppy - (hanging limply; 'a spaniel with floppy ears')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Limp^c

FloppyDiskDrive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloppyDiskDrive`
Description
Super-classes	MagneticDevice^c DiskDrive^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Diskette^c

Floral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Floral

Description

''Floral'' is the attribute pertaining to a biological ''FLower'' or some part of a flower, or something made of or derived from or resembling a ''Flower''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'floral' in Wordnet:
        2. floral - (relating to or associated with flowers; 'floral organs')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

FloralArrangement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloralArrangement`
Description	An Arrangement of cut flowers, maintained in its proper order by some method such as fastening the stems to a rigid object, or placing them in a container in which they cannot move freely. This type includes the container maintaining the arrangement as well as the flowers. The 'container' may be something as simple as a rubber band binding the stems together. `Called 'FlowerArrangement' in Cyc. WN This is a subtype of 'Arrangement'in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flower arrangement' in WordNet: 1. flower arrangement - (a decorative arrangement of flowers)`
Super-classes	Arrangement^c Ornament^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only CutFlower^c
Sub-classes	FloralWreath^c Bouquet^c

FloralLeaf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloralLeaf`
Description	A part of a ''Flower'' that is derived from a primitive leaf. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floral leaf' in WordNet: 1. floral leaf - (a modified leaf that is part of a flower)`
Super-classes	Leaf^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Flower^c
Sub-classes	Petal^c Sepal^c

FloralWreath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloralWreath`
Description	A ''Wreath'' made from of cut flowers, maintained in its proper order by some method such as fastening the stems to a rigid object, or placing them in a container in which they cannot move freely. This type includes the container maintaining the arrangement as well as the flowers. The 'container' may be something as simple as a rubber band binding the stems together. `Called 'FlowerArrangement' in Cyc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flower arrangement' in WordNet: 1. flower arrangement - (a decorative arrangement of flowers)`
Super-classes	FloralArrangement^c Wreath^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only CutFlower^c

FloridaKey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloridaKey`
Description	Each ''FloridaKey'' is a ''CoralReef'' located off the southwest coast of the ''StateOfFlorida''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Florida key' in WordNet: 1. key, cay, Florida key - (a coral reef off the southern coast of Florida)`
Super-classes	CoralReef^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfFlorida^c

Florist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Florist`
Description	A ''Florist'' is a ''Person'' who owns or manages a FlowerShop. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shopkeeper' in WordNet: 1. (1) shopkeeper, tradesman, storekeeper, market keeper - - (a merchant who owns or manages a shop)`
Super-classes	Shopkeeper^c CraftWorker^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value FlowerShop^c sells^op value CutFlower^c sells^op value FloralArrangement^c

FloristsChrysanthemum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloristsChrysanthemum

Description

A ''FloristsChrysanthemum'' ''Chrysanthemum'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''ChrysanthemumPlant''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'florist's chrysanthemum' in WordNet:
          1. florist's chrysanthemum, florists' chrysanthemum, mum, Dendranthema grandifloruom,
          Chrysanthemum morifolium - (of China)

Super-classes Species^c
ChrysanthemumPlant^c

Flotsam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flotsam`
Description	This ''Flotsam'' is a Group consisting of all of the PhysicalObjects that remain floating after a ''Ship'' has sunk (gone down), each of which is a ''PartOfaShip'', including any cargo aboard at the time of sinking. `This includes the concept of 'jetsam' that was originally used for items that were jettisoned in order to try preventing a ship from sinking, but that term is often conflated with 'flotsam' as in the WN gloss. However, 'jetsam' alone has the original meaning and is represented as a subtype of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flotsam' in WordNet: 1. flotsam, jetsam - (the floating wreckage of a ship)`
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalObject^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value PartOfaShip^c hasComponentElement^op value ShipsCargo^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value FloatingOnWater^c isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value Foundering^c

Flour^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flour`
Description	A powder made from any of several grain crops. This powder may not be as finely divided as typical wheat flour, and can include notable granular substances such as CornMeal. `Cyc: ('FlourOrMeal'): flour-finely ground cereal used in cooking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flour' in WordNet: 1. (3) flour - (fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain)`
Super-classes	EdibleStuff^c DryFood^c PlantProduct^c Powder^c FoodIngredientOnly^c
Sub-classes	WheatFlour^c RiceFlour^c CornMeal^c

FlourBasedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlourBasedObject`
Description	A ''FlourBasedObject' is a baked ''SolidFoodObject'' in which flour is a major ingredient. Such objects may be moist (such as a ''SliceOfBread''), or dry (such as a ''Biscuit'')
Super-classes	BakedFoodObject^c SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Flour^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Bread^c
Sub-classes	Biscuit^c BreadObject^c Cracker^c

FlourMill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlourMill`
Description	A ''FlourMill'' is a ''Mill'' (factory building, not the grinding machine) where grain is pulverized to produce powdered ''Flour''. `RHW 'mill': 2. a building equipped with machinery for grinding grain into flour and other cereal products. RHW: 'flour mill': a mill for grinding grain into flour. NOTE: WN 'flour mill' seems to be the grinding machine, not the building where the grinding occurs.This is a building contining one or more such grinding machines. WN sense is repurpsed here. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'flour mill' in WordNet: 1. flour mill - (a mill for grinding grain into flour)`
Super-classes	Mill^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Pulverizing^c hasPhysicalPart^op value GrindingMachine^c processes^op value SeedGrain^c

Flow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flow`
Description	This sense of ''Flow'' is the general concept of some substance or group of things moving together in the same general direction behaving as a connected body of things or stuff. This movement can be performed by a ''FluidObject'' or something behaving like a ''FluidObject'', such as magma in a volcano or a crowd of people or a herd or flock of animals,or objects on a conveyor belt. 'the crowd flowed through the gate'. `For a 'flow' of fluids, use subtype ''FluidFlowEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'flow' in WordNet: 4. (3) flow - (any uninterrupted stream or discharge) WN verb 'flow': 1. (14) flow, flux - (move or progress freely as if in a stream; 'The crowd flowed out of the stadium')`
Super-classes	Translocation^c MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some (FluidType^c or FluidObject^c or GroupType^c or ObjectGroup^c)
Sub-classes	FluidFlowEvent^c Influx^c

FlowController^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowController`
Description	A ''FlowController'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is located inside a ''FluidConduit''. The size depends on the diameter of the ''FluidConduit''. It typically regulates the flow of the fluid in the conduit by reducing the size of the path at some point in the conduit - by any of various mechanisms. A simple version in an artifact would be a plate that can be rotated to be perpendicular or parallel to the flow of the fluid in a ''Pipe'', alternately allowing or blocking the flow. This can also be natural, as a heart valve.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some FluidConduit^c
Sub-classes	FlowRegulator^c

FlowPath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowPath`
Description	A #$CustomaryPathCycLConstant and a specialization of both #$Path-Customary and #$Path-Simple. Each instance of #$FlowPath is a path whose extent is delineated by the movement of a fluid over an area; for example, the path of a lava flow or the #$AlaskanPipeline. Instances of #$FlowPath may (but need not) be constrained by objects or forces that channel the flow of fluid; see also the subcollection #$FluidConduit.
Super-classes	Path-Physical^c Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	NaturalChannel^c Pipe^c Waterfall^c Stream^c FluidConduit^c Cascade^c Canal^c

FlowRegulator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowRegulator`
Description	A ''FlowRegulator'' is an artifactual ''FlowController'' and a ''ControlDevice'' that is located inside a ''FluidConduit''. The size depends on the diameter of the ''FluidConduit''. It typically regulates the flow of the fluid in the conduit by reducing the size of the path at some point in the conduit - by any of various mechanisms. A simple version in an artifact would be a plate that can be rotated to be perpendicular or parallel to the flow of the fluid in a ''Pipe'', alternately allowing or blocking the flow. A ''FlowRegulator'' must be an ArtifactObject, but the ''FluidConduit'' can be natural; an implanted artifactual heart valve is one example. `Corresponds to part (fluid flow) of noun sense 1 of 'regulator' in Wordnet: 1. (1) regulator - (any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.)`
Super-classes	ControlDevice^c FlowController^c
Restrictions	controls^op value FluidCurrent^c controls^op value FluidFlowEvent^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some FluidConduit^c
Sub-classes	CutoffValve^c Faucet^c Damper^c

Flower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flower`
Description	The blossom of a flowering plant, sometimes colorful and visually striking, and sometimes small and inconspicuous, which contains the reproductive organs of the plant, which also produce the seeds. In normal speech, the term is used for the outer envelope of the reproductive organs, when they are brightly colored and conspicuous. NOTE: the term 'flower' is also used to refer to a plant type that bears flowers, but that meaning is represented by the Type 'FloweringPlant' or its parent ''Angiosperm'', and is not included in this sense. This sense of ''Flower'' is for any flower, not just one from a plant specifically cultivated for its flowers (a ''FloweringPlant''). NOTE also that the word 'flower' may be used to refer to a flower and part of its stem that have been severed from a plant (often to serve as decoration). That type is represented by 'CutFlower'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flower' in WordNet: 2. (8) flower, bloom, blossom - (reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts)
Super-classes	PlantPart^c PlantReproductiveStructure^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Petal^c isProducedByEventType^op value Blooming^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Angiosperm^c
Sub-classes	Bud^c Rose^c

FlowerBud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowerBud`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flower bud' in WordNet: 1. flower bud - (a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop)`
Super-classes	PlantBud^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FloweringPlant^c
Sub-classes	Clove^c

FlowerBudding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowerBudding`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for ''Blooming'' of ''FloweringPlant''s) of verb sense 1 of 'bud' in WordNet: 1. (2) bud - (develop buds; 'The hibiscus is budding!')`
Super-classes	BuddingEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value Blooming^c produces^op value Bud^c isPerformedBy^op value FloweringPlant^c

FlowerShop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowerShop`
Description	A ''FlowerShop'' is a ''Shop'' where ''CutFlower''s are sold. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'florist shop' in WordNet: 1. florist, florist shop, flower store - (a shop where flowers and ornamental plants are sold)`
Super-classes	Shop^c
Restrictions	sells^op value FloralArrangement^c sells^op value CutFlower^c typicallyManages^op value FlowerShop^c

FlowerType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowerType`
Description	''FlowerType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''Flower''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ''Flower''s.
Super-classes	PlantPartType^c
Members	CutFlower Bud Flower Rose Carnation Daisy FloristsChrysanthemum Chrysanthemum Pansy Aster FloralArrangement Violet Tulip

FlowerVase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowerVase`
Description	A ''FlowerVase'' is a ''Vase'' of a size and shae (nearly cylindrical, oriented upright) that is designed to hold flowers that stick out above the top. `NOTE: WN may include 'urns' as flower vases, but for COSMO an Urn is not intended to hold flowers. Footed vases may be created as a subtype of vase if needed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'vase' ('holding flowers' part) in WordNet: 1. (12) vase - (an open jar of glass or porcelain used as an ornament or to hold flowers)`
Super-classes	Vase^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value CutFlower^c

Flowering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flowering`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flowering' in Wordnet: 1. flowering - (having a flower or bloom; 'a flowering plant')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FloweringPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloweringPlant`
Description	An instance of #$BiologicalClass and a specialization of #$Plant. Each instance of #$FloweringPlant is a plant whose seeds are enclosed in ovaries; consequently, this is the collection of flowering plants in the botanical sense. For flowering plants actually in bloom, see the collection #$FloweryPlant. `NOTE: In WN and SUMO a ''flowering plant' is an ''Angiosperm''. This type is for ''Angiosperms'' cultivated specifically for their flowers, not including trees. The term 'flower',is used in the type ''Flower'' to refer to the showy reproductive organ of an Angiosperm (i.e.a 'flowering plant') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flower' in WordNet: 1. (31) flower - (a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms)`
Super-classes	Angiosperm^c
Sub-classes	AsterPlant^c PoppyPlant^c DicotSubclass^c Begonia^c LilacBush^c MonocotSubclass^c VioletPlant^c FruitPlant^c PansyPlant^c Gladiola^c PhloxPlant^c GardenPink^c Narcissus^c Haha-Plant^c TulipPlant^c DaisyPlant^c Verbena^c Wildflower^c Thistle^c Sunflower^c RoseBush^c FennelPlant^c ChrysanthemumPlant^c

FloweringTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FloweringTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flowering tree' in WordNet: 1. angiospermous tree, flowering tree - (any tree having seeds and ovules contained in the ovary)`
Super-classes	Tree^c Angiosperm^c
Sub-classes	SpiceTree^c MagnoliaTree^c LaurelTree^c Poplar^c CacaoTree^c DogwoodTree^c FruitTree^c

Flowerpot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flowerpot`
Description	A ''Flowerpot'' is an ''OpenTopContainer'' whose top brim is typically the widest part, from two inches to two feet depending on the size of the plant to be cultured in it. A ''Flowerpot' usually has and end-use for ''GrowingPlants'' in or around a Home or business, but some disposable ''FLowerpot''s may be used in commercial 'garden centers' to provide a contianer for customersto take home the plants they buy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flowerpot' in WordNet: 1. pot, flowerpot - (a container in which plants are cultivated)`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c SmallObject^c OpenTopContainer^c
Sub-classes	PlanterFlowerpot^c

Flowery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flowery

Description

''Flowery'' is the attribute characterizing things that are visually obsrvable or perceivable through the sense of taste or smell, that are suggestive of a ''Flower'', particularly in stylized designs on clothing. wallaper, or other objects that can be made more pleasing in that manner, but also for tastes or fragrances.

     NOTE: this is not for 'flowery' rhetoric or speech.  That usage would be metaphorical.

       Includes adjective sense 1 of 'flowery' and sense 1 of 'flowered' in Wordnet:
         1. flowery - (of or relating to or suggestive of flowers; 'a flowery hat'; 'flowery wine')
       WN adj 'flowered':
         1. floral, flowered - (resembling or made of or suggestive of flowers; 'an unusual floral design')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Flowing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flowing

Description

''Flowing' is a subproperty of ''InMotion' for Objects that are moving like a body od fluid, especially but not only in a relatively narrow stream within some defined boundaries. This is for fluids, especially water, but also for crowds of people and for electric currents.

        Corresponds approzimately to adjective sense 3 of 'flowing' 
           (includes water and other fluids flowing) in Wordnet:
          3. flowing, streaming - (moving smoothly and continuously; 
             'crowds flowing through the canyons of the streets';
             'fan streaming into the concert hall')

Super-classes MotionAttribute^c

FlowingRapidly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowingRapidly`
Description	''FlowingRapidly'' is a subproperty of ''Flowing' for bodies of liquid (usually water) that are 'flowing' relatively raidly. This can be for liquids in conduits or outdoor bodies of water flowihg rapidly.
Super-classes	MotionAttribute^c

FlowingWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowingWater`
Description	''FlowingWater'' is a subtype of ''MovingWater'' that is moving in a constrained long and thin stream.
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c DynamicObject^c MovingWater^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FlowingWaterMotion^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flowing^c
Sub-classes	RapidlyFlowingWater^c

FlowingWaterMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlowingWaterMotion`
Description	''"FlowingWaterMotion'' is a ''Streaming'' Event in which some ''BodyOfWater'' (usually a ''Stream'') is moving within some long and thin channel, which can be a pipe or a StreamBed.
Super-classes	WaterMotion^c Streaming^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value FlowingWater^c
Sub-classes	StreamFlow^c

Fluctuating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluctuating

Description

''Fluctuating'' is a subtype of ''Varying'' in which some property of some Object or System changes first in one direction then subsequently in the opposite direction. The reverse change may or may not return to the original value, and the number of changes may be as few as two or more commonly more than two, for this type to apply. The net effect of the changes may over time may be a statistically significant rise or fall in some value (as in Stock Market prices or global average air temperature), but the variations should each be easily perceptible from the previous or typical or expected value of the fluctuating property.

     Includes all three verb  senses 1, 2, and 3  of 'fluctuate' and
     the three noun senses of 'fluctuation' in WordNet:
         1. fluctuate - (cause to fluctuate or move in a wavelike pattern)
     2. fluctuate, vacillate, waver - (move or sway in a rising and falling 
         or wavelike pattern; 'the line on the monitor vacillated')
         3. fluctuate - (be unstable; 'The stock market fluctuates')
      WN noun 'fluctuation':
        1. fluctuation - (a wave motion; 'the fluctuations of the sea')
    2. variation, fluctuation - (an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change)
        3. fluctuation, wavering - (the quality of being unsteady and subject to changes;
             'he kept a record of price fluctuations')

Super-classes VaryingEvent^c

FluentInaLanguage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluentInaLanguage

Description

''FluentInaLanguage'' is being able to speak a natural language with suficient proficiency to read a newspaper or hold a normal conversation, or watch television or listen to radio in a Person's non-nativelanguage without consulting a bilingual dictionary.

    No WN sense specific for this concept.
    RHW 'fluent': 2. able to speak or write smoothly, easily, or readily:
          a fluent speaker; fluent in six languages.

    Corresponds most closely to adjective sense 1 of 'eloquent' in Wordnet:
        1. (4) eloquent, facile, fluent, silver, silver-tongued, smooth-spoken -
          (expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively; 
          'able to dazzle with his facile tongue'; 'silver speech')

Super-classes ArticulateOrEloquent^c

Fluently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluently

Description

''Fluently'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify verbs of speaking or communicating, asserting that the Action characterized is performed without hesitation or uncertainty as to how to express thoght in language or understand things said or written This is usually used for people conducting activities using a non-native language.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'fluently' in WordNet:
          1. fluently - (in a fluent manner; 'she speaks French fluently')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Fluffy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluffy`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fluffy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) downy, downlike, flossy, fluffy - (like down or as soft as down)`
Super-classes	LowDensity^c Soft^c

FluidConduit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidConduit`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all conduits, natural or artifactual, through which fluid (instances of #$FluidTangibleThing) can flow in #$FluidFlowEvents. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conduit' in Wordnet: 1. conduit - (a passage (a pipe or tunnel) through which water or electric wires can pass; 'the computers were connected through a system of conduits')`
Super-classes	CavityOrContainer^c FlowPath^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op some FluidType^c
Sub-classes	Aqueduct^c Chimney^c Drainage^c Drain^c Arroyo^c Pipe-GenericConduit^c Well^c Spout^c Intake^c BloodVessel^c

FluidContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidContainer`
Description	A container for liquids or gases. i.e. Liquids and Gases. In Cyc called 'FluidReservoir' Cyc: A specialization of #$ContainerArtifact. Each instance of #$FluidReservoir is a container designed to hold fluids. Instances of #$FluidReservoir generally have an opening, which may be small and resealable (as in a #$Bottle) or large and open (as in a #$Tub). Note a special negative case: natural 'reservoirs', such as #$Lakes, are not #$ContainerArtifacts - though the #$Dams that create some of them are artifacts, the reservoir water is contained in the natural landscape - and hence such reservoirs are not instances of #$FluidReservoir. SUMO: A Container which is used to store Fluids, i.e. Liquids and Gases. vessel
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op some (FluidObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	Pen^c StorageTank^c LiquidContainer^c HypodermicSyringe^c

FluidCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidCurrent`
Description	A FunctionalProcess during which some fluid (air or water) flows in a stream-like formation. This can be the current in a Stream, or a current in the Ocean, or air currents in the atmosphere (such as the jet stream). A ''FluidCurrent'' can be the result of a ''PropellingaFluid'' Event, as with a pump or a fan. NOTE that a ''FluidFlowEvent'' is an Event, disjoint with ''FunctionalProcess'', the parent of ''FluidCurrent'' NOTE that simple linear moving things like currents are represented as FunctionalProcesses, even though they have some of the character of a DynamicObject. A current of water is not an instance of DynamicObject. This distinction is not entirely arbitrary; a linear current has a flow rate as one of its salient characteristics, and that is represented as a time derivative, which is one salient characteristic of a FunctionalProcess. A DymanicObject will exhibit salient characteristics beyond a simple linear flow, as in the case of a tornado which moves up, down, and sideways as well as in a circle. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'current' in WordNet: 2. (8) current, stream - (a steady flow (usually from natural causes); 'the raft floated downstream on the current'; 'he felt a stream of air')
Super-classes	PhysicalProcess^c
Sub-classes	AirCurrent^c WaterCurrent^c

FluidFlow-Translation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidFlow-Translation`
Description	A specialization of both #$FluidFlowEvent and #$Movement-TranslationEvent (qq.v.). In each instance of #$FluidFlow-Translation, the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving) is an instance of #$FluidTangibleThing (i.e. a portion of some fluid, such as a quart of milk) rather than a discrete solid object. At least some of the moving object leaves its original position (see the predicate #$fromLocation) and some arrives at the destination (see the predicate #$toLocation), but it is not necessary that all of the moving object go from the origin to the destination. Instances of #$FluidFlow-Translation include rivers flowing or winds blowing or air filling one's lungs when one takes a breath. Other instances of #$FluidFlow-Translation include flows of #$GranularFluids (q.v.), such as sand or drifting snow, that are composed of multiple solid particles.
Super-classes	FluidFlowEvent^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	FillingWithFluid^c BloodFlow^c Spraying^c Smearing^c Wind^c Irrigating^c PumpingFluid^c AbsorptionEvent^c Squirting^c Dribbling^c

FluidFlowEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidFlowEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent. Each instance of #$FluidFlowEvent is an event in which a fluid moves (or a group of particles collectively moves). The spatial extent of the fluid may change (i.e. expansion or contraction, see #$ShapingSomething) and/or they may undergo a #$MovementEvent such as rotation (e.g. a whirlpool or a tornado) and/or translation. If the fluid undergoes translation, then the event is also an instance of #$FluidFlow-Translation. Examples of #$FluidFlow-Translation include 'partial' motions such as occurs in rivers flowing, or jets of air blowing. Another kind of example of #$FluidFlow-Translation is #$FluidFlow-Complete, in which the fluid moves entirely from the #$fromLocation and to the #$toLocation. The restriction allows specifying the FluidType or the object consisting of Fluid that is participating (e.g. a River) The fluid can be in an open channel or a closed 'pipe'. Includes verb sense 2 and noun sense 1 of 'flow' and noun sense 1 of 'flowing' in WordNet: WN noun 'flow': 1. (18) flow, flowing - (the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)) WN verb 'flow': 2. (11) run, flow, feed, course - (move along, of liquids; 'Water flowed into the cave'; 'the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi')
Super-classes	Flow^c MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c PassingThroughSomething^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value PushingPhenomenon^c hadMainParticipant^op some (FluidType^c or FluidObject^c)
Sub-classes	FluidFlow-Translation^c Overflowing^c Leaking^c IssuingForth^c Ventilating^c LiquidMotion^c InjectingOrInfusing^c

FluidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidObject`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc, called 'FluidTangibleThing'. In Cyc this is an object, though many of its subclasses are what would normally be considered as substances. We keep this Type as a PhysicalObject in COSMO (some piece of fluid matter), but the subtypes had to be disentangled. NOTE: this is not a state of matter, it is an Object that is fluid. Cyc: A subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType. Each instance of #$FluidTangibleThing is a tangible thing that can flow. This includes gases, liquids, and granular fluids (i.e. tangible things that are #$Pourable, such as sand); see #$GaseousTangibleThing, #$LiquidTangibleThing, and #$GranularFluid. Instances of #$FluidTangibleThing include the air in Austin, the water in #$LakeErie, a particular chunk of snow, the sand on the beach at Malibu, and the mercury in a thermometer. Non-instances include an air molecule, a snowflake, a grain of sand, a boulder, and a hunk of bread dough.
Super-classes	InanimateThing^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value FluidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	MovingFluidObject^c GaseousObject^c LiquidObject^c JetOfFluid^c Stream^c

FluidObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidObjectType`
Description	''FluidObjectType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''FluidObject''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ''FluidObject'' types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	LiquidObjectType^c

FluidOunce^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidOunce

Description

COSMO note: called 'Ounce' in SUMO.

SUMO:  English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a Cup.

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

FluidSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidSubstance`
Description	A Gas or a LiquidSubstance. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'fluid' in WordNet: 1. (26) fluid - (a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure) 2. (8) fluid - (a continuous amorphous substance that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas)`
Super-classes	SubstanceByState^c
Sub-classes	VehicleFuel^c Refrigerant^c Suspension^c Gas^c LiquidSubstance^c Freon^c

FluidTangibleThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidTangibleThing`
Description	The Cyc term for 'Fluid'. This is an Object, not a state.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

FluidType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluidType`
Description	FluidType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that are in a fluid (liquid or gas) state. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	GasType^c GaseousSubstanceType^c SemiSolidSubstanceType^c LiquidSubstanceType^c
Members	Brandy Juice PressurizedGas Soup GroundWater Muscatel Ink FortifiedWine Blood DryingOil TapWater GrapeJuice Tears Concentrate HumanMothersMilk MothersMilk LitmusSolution0001 VegetableOil DigestiveJuice Cappuccino Petroleum Lemonade Whiskey RedWine MapleSyrup SoySauce Shampoo LightBeer Refrigerant Vinegar SurfactantSolution Vomit LubricatingOil OrangeJuice Burgundy-Wine Solution InternalBodyFluid Cider MapleSap SoybeanOil StomachGas AqueousSolution LiquidSubstance Distillate Succus FluidSubstance LemonJuice Liquid Bourbon Sherry Syrup Ale TomatoJuice Sap LinseedOil LiquidSuspension AppleCider HomogenizedMilk CowsMilk FruitJuice Pus MotorOil ElectroplatingSolution Espresso LimeOrLemonJuice Bile LimeJuice HeatingOil IntestinalGas BloodPlasma Gas NaturalGas Tar BloodSerum Rain OliveOil Napalm

Fluke^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluke

Description

This sense of ''Fluke'' represents one of the two lobes of a Cetacean's tail, one on either side of the tail. These are especially notable in ''Whale''s, prominent when they rise up out of the water and dive back in, the ''Fluke''s being the last part visible in each dive.

        Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'fluke' in WordNet:
          4. fluke - (either of the two lobes of the tail of a cetacean)

Super-classes AnimalBodyPart^c

FlukeOfLuck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlukeOfLuck`
Description	A ''FlukeOfLuck'' is a ''GoodLuckEvent'' that is ''Surprising''. Most ''GoodLuckEvent''s are ''Unexpected'' but a ''FlukeOfLuck'' is more than typically unexpected. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fluke' in WordNet: . good luck, fluke, good fortune - (a stroke of luck)`
Super-classes	GoodLuckEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Surprising^c

Fluky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluky

Description

''Fluky'' is a subattribute of 'Variable' characterizing Actions and behaviors and outcomes of Events, performed by people or machines
that are to some extent unpredictable. This differs from theancestor ''Unpredictable'' in being for behaviors that tend to be similar at different times, but for unknowable reasons may suddenly vary from the norm.more than once and unexpectedly.

      NOTE: the term 'flaky' is also used in this sense,but is notin WN in this sense.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fluky' in Wordnet:
          1. chancy, fluky, flukey, iffy - (subject to accident or chance or change;
             'a chancy appeal at best'; 'getting that job was definitely fluky';
             'a fluky wind'; 'an iffy proposition')

Super-classes Variable^c
Erratic^c

Fluorescent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluorescent`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fluorescent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fluorescent - (emitting light during exposure to radiation from an external source)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

FluorescentLightBulb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluorescentLightBulb`
Description	A straight or coiled tube of glass or quartz coated on the inside with a fluorescent substance that gives off visible light when irradiated with X-rays, that fluoresces when provided with current that generates X-rays (usually from mercury vapor), thus generating light. This includes long straight bulbs and small coiled compact fluorescent ones. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gas-discharge lamp' in WordNet: 1. electric-discharge lamp, gas-discharge lamp - (an electric lamp in which the light comes from an electric discharge between two electrodes in a glass tube)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c ElectricalComponent^c SmallObject^c ElectricalLightingDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c LightEmittingComponent^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Glass^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Metal^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value FluorescentSubstance^c produces^op value UltravioletRadiation^c

FluorescentSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FluorescentSubstance`
Description	`A ''FluorescentSubstance'' is any ''PhysicalSubstance'' that will fluoresce when irradiated with some form of radiation, usually Ultraviolet Light.`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Fluorite^c

Fluorine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluorine

Description

''Fluorine'' is the element having atomic number 9. NOTE: in CYC this is a 'piece' of Fluorine - different sage: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of fluorine in stuffeous form (could be solid, liquid, gaseous, etc.).

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fluorine' in WordNet:
        1. (3) fluorine, F, atomic number 9 - (a nonmetallic univalent element 
           belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas;
           a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite)

Super-classes NonMetal^c
Gas^c
Halogen^c

Fluorite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluorite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fluorite' in WordNet: 1. fluorite, fluorspar, fluor - (a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine)`
Super-classes	FluorescentSubstance^c Mineral^c

Flushing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flushing`
Description	A ''Flushing' is a ''RinsingEvent'' in which the cleaning action is caused by the force of moving water, not just by diluting the contaminants in water. `NOTE: @ToDo: unclear at this point how to express the force of moving water. This includes rinsing surfaces, as well as flushing a toilet or other container. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 5 of 'flush' in WordNet: 5. flush, scour, purge - (rinse, clean, or empty with a liquid; 'flush the wound with antibiotics'; 'purge the old gas tank')`
Super-classes	RinsingEvent^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Water^c

Flute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flute`
Description	Simple WoodwindInstrument, held almost horizontally with the mouth near the center not the end, and not blown into, but played by blowing across a hole at one end. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flute' in WordNet: 1. (1) flute, transverse flute - (a high-pitched woodwind instrument; a slender tube closed at one end with finger holes on one end and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown)`
Super-classes	CylindricalHollowObject^c WoodwindInstrument^c
Restrictions	hasSpatialPart^op min 3

Fluttering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fluttering`
Description	A 'Fluttering' is an Event in which a flexible or jointed PhysicalObject is fixed in some location by one side or point, and the free end moves back and forth, usually driven by some air current. (for a rigid object like a loose window shutter, a similar motion would be 'flapping', not yet represented). This includes the 'fluttering' of a flag on a flagpole, but that should have a separate more specific subtype. `'Flicker' is a subtype used for candle flames. (The 'flicker' of an electric light that goes on and off in rapid succession is a different type, not a form of motion.) Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'flutter' in WordNet: 2. (1) flicker, waver, flitter, flutter, quiver - (move back and forth very rapidly; 'the candle flickered') WN noun 'flutter': 1. (1) waver, flutter, flicker - (the act of moving back and forth)`
Super-classes	MotionInPlace^c ActionSeries^c
Sub-classes	FlameFlickering^c

Fly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fly`
Description	Called 'Fly-Insect' in Cyc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fly' in WordNet: 1. (6) fly - (two-winged insects characterized by active flight)`
Super-classes	Insect^c Vermin^c Scavenger^c
Sub-classes	Maggot^c HorseFly^c HouseFly^c

FlyBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlyBall`
Description	Each ''FlyBall'' is a 'PropellingaBall' where the ball propelled is a ''BaseballBall'' and the initial vector is upward ('skyward'). `NOTE: some conflation here (and in baseball lingo) of the hitting the ball and the arc of the ball that is hit (may be specified as long') . @ToDo: disentangle! Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fly ball' in WordNet: 1. fly, fly ball - ((baseball) a hit that flies up in the air)`
Super-classes	PropellingaBall^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op value Sky^c hadObjectMoved^op value BaseballBall^c isCausedBy^op value HittingaBaseballWithaBat^c
Sub-classes	FlyBallBlast^c

FlyBallBlast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlyBallBlast`
Description	A ''FlyBallBlast'' is a hard hit ''FlyBall'' that travels to the outfield or over the wall. Contrast with 'blooper' or 'popup'. A 'long ball'. `NOTE: some conflation here of the hitting the ball and the arc of the ball that is hit (specified as long') . @ToDo: disentangle! Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blast' in WordNet: 1. (2) blast - (a very long fly ball)`
Super-classes	FlyBall^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

FlySwatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlySwatter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fly swatter' in WordNet: 1. swatter, flyswatter, flyswat - (an implement with a flat part (of mesh or plastic) and a long handle; used to kill insects)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	hasApproximateShape^op value Rod^c hasPhysicalPart^op value LongHandle^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 20.0^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 70.0^c hasPhysicalPart^op value FlyswatterBlade^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SwattingInsects^c

Flycatcher^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flycatcher

Description

Includes OldWorld and New World 'flycatchers'

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flycatcher' in WordNet:
          1. Old World flycatcher, true flycatcher, flycatcher - 
              (any of a large group of small songbirds that feed
              on insects taken on the wing)
          2. New World flycatcher, flycatcher, tyrant flycatcher, tyrant bird - 
             (large American birds that characteristically catch insects on the wing)

Super-classes PasseriformBird^c

Flying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flying

Description

''Flying'' is being''Airborne'' by some Action that keeps an object in the air - flapping wings or soaring on currents for birds, propeller or ject or rocjet propulsion for devices. 'gliding' is a borderline case only if the gliding is started by some propulsion mechanism, rather than jumping from a height.

       Corresponds to parts of adjective senses 1 and 5 of 'flying' ('engaged in'
           and 'unidentified flying objects' - actually engaged in flight, not
           merely capable of it) -  in Wordnet:
         1. (1) flying - (capable of or engaged in flight; 'the bat is a flying animal')
         5. flying - (of or relating to passage through the air (especially aviation);
             'a flying time of three hours between cities'; 'unidentified flying objects')

Super-classes Airborne^c

FlyingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlyingAction`
Description	COSMO note: this sense of 'flying' includes any action in which an object causes itself to remain above the ground and move under its own power, not being propelled only by air currents. This includes hovering like a hovercraft or a drone or a hummingbird. CYC: The collection of all events of sustainable locomotion of an object through the air or other piece of free space. The #$providerOfMotiveForce must be able to remain aloft as long as it doesn't tire out or exhaust its fuel supply. Thus jumping and falling do not count, nor do instances of propelling in which the force is provided for a short duration, after which the moving object follows a ballistic trajectory (as modified by any aerodynamic effects). A glider released from a mother plane and sustaining itself without power is not 'FlyingAction', but 'Gliding'. Bullets and cannonballs do not 'fly'. SUMO: Any instance of Translocation which is through an AtmosphericRegion and which is powered by the wings of an Animal or some propulsive force generated by an artifact. NOTE that this sense subsumes and includes any 'flight' in an air transportation device (see the sybtype 'FlightViaAirTransportationDevice'). For noun sense 9 of 'flight', a future scheduled 'flight' as well as completed fllights are included; the future flight exists only in a possible world until it is actually executed, then exists in our real world. Includes verb senses 1 and 9 of 'fly' and noun senses 2 and 9 of 'flight'. For sense 9 use the subtype 'FlightViaAirTransportationDevice' in WordNet: 1. (33) fly, wing - (travel through the air; be airborne; 'Man cannot fly') 9. (1) fly - (travel in an airplane; 'she is flying to Cincinnati tonight'; 'Are we driving or flying?') WN noun 'flight': 2. (6) flight, flying - (an instance of traveling by air; 'flying was still an exciting adventure for him') 9. flight - (a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports; 'I took the noon flight to Chicago')
Super-classes	LocomotionProcess^c MovementThroughAir^c
Sub-classes	SpaceTravel^c FlyingWithWings^c Hovering^c FlightViaAirTransportationDevice^c

FlyingAirplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlyingAirplane`
Description	A ''FlyingAirplane'' is an ''Airplane'' that is moving through the Atmosphere, whether or not it still has power - potentially just gliding.
Super-classes	Airplane^c FlyingObject^c

FlyingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlyingObject`
Description	A ''FlyingObject'' is any ''PhysicalObject'' that is moving through the Atmosphere, whether under its own power of being blown by the wind or being towed, or moving ballistically after having been propelled, or falling from outer space.
Super-classes	MovingObject^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent^op value FlyingAction^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Sub-classes	UFO^c FlyingAirplane^c

FlyingSquad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlyingSquad`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flying squad' in WordNet: 1. flying squad - (a mobile group of trained people (police or executives or officials) able to move quickly in the case of emergencies)`
Super-classes	Team^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Responding^c
Sub-classes	RescueSquad^c

FlyingWithWings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlyingWithWings`
Description	''FlyingWithWings'' is a ''Flying'' that is performed by an animal that can use the flapping of ''Wing''s to cause itself to move through the air. This is not for gliding by gravity, as in a 'flying squirrel'. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'fly' in WordNet: 1. (33) fly, wing - (travel through the air; be airborne; 'Man cannot fly')`
Super-classes	FlyingAction^c AnimalActivity^c AirTransportationEvent^c
Restrictions	requiredBodypart^op value Wing^c occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c isPerformedBy^op only (Bird^c or Insect^c)
Sub-classes	BirdFlight^c

FlyswatterBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FlyswatterBlade`
Description	A ''FlyswatterBlade'' is the broad flat flexible end of a ''Flyswatter'' that impacts and usually kills an insect (usually one sitting one a flat surface) when the . ''Flyswatter'' is used for ''Swatting'' the insect.
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 13.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c isAtTheEndOf^op value FlySwatter^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FlySwatter^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Netting^c

Flywheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Flywheel`
Description	A ''Flywheel'' is a''RegulatorDevice'' that, among other things, moderates the irregularity in rate of rotation in devices driven by a reciprocating engine (gasoline or diesel or steam), by storing energy in the form of angular momentum. `There are energy storage devices whose primary purpose is to store energy in the form of angular momentum, and the rotating component of that device can be considered as a subtype of this ''Flywheel''. CYC: the collection of #$Wheels used inside of engines to store energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flywheel' in WordNet: 1. flywheel - (regulator consisting of a heavy wheel that stores kinetic energy and smooths the operation of a reciprocating engine)`
Super-classes	EnergyStorageDevice^c RegulatorDevice^c Wheel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Heavy^c hasThingKept^op value AngularMomentum^c controls^op value Rotation^c

Foal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foal`
Description	A ''Foal'' is a young Horse. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foal' in WordNet: 1. foal - (a young horse)`
Super-classes	Horse^c JuvenileAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Young^c
Sub-classes	Colt^c

Focal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Focal

Description

'Focal' is an attribute of something that in some sense is the center of activities or the point of convergence of light rays or some kind of linear motion,

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'focal' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) focal - (having or localized centrally at a focus; 'focal point';
            'focal infection')
        2. focal - (of or relating to a focus; 'focal length')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

FocalInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FocalInfection`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'focal infection' in WordNet: 1. focal infection - (bacterial infection limited to a specific organ or region especially one causing symptoms elsewhere)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c

FocalPoint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FocalPoint

Description

A ''FocalPoint'' is a 'RelativePoint' that is the location in space where light rays refracted by a lens converge to produce the sharpest image of the scene beyond the lens from which those light rays come.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'focal point' in WordNet:
         1. (2) focus, focal point - (a point of convergence of light 
            (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges)

Super-classes RelativePoint^c

Focused^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Focused`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'focused' in WordNet: 1. (1) focused - (of an optical system (e.g. eye or opera glasses) adjusted to produce a clear image)`
Super-classes	Distinct^c

Fodder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fodder`
Description	A subtype of 'AnimalFood' given in large quantities to farm animals, rather than to individual domestic pets. `SUMO: Fodder is the subclass of Food that is intended for instances of DomesticAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fodder' in WordNet: 1. fodder - (coarse food (especially for cattle and horses) composed of entire plants or the leaves and stalks of a cereal crop)`
Super-classes	AnimalFood^c
Sub-classes	Hay^c

Fog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fog`
Description	CYC: The collection of clouds (instances of #$CloudOfH2O) that cover a #$GeographicalRegion at ground-level. `SUMO: Any WaterCloud that is in contact with the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fog' in Wordnet: 1. (18) fog - (droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground)`
Super-classes	Mist^c WaterCloud^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some (GeographicalRegion^c or LocationType^c or GeographicalArea^c) hasComponentPart^op min 100000 isAbove-Touching^op some Ground^c
Sub-classes	Haze^c

FogDroplet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FogDroplet`
Description	Each 'FogDroplet' is a single drop of Water that is suspended in the atmosphere as part of a ''Fog''.
Super-classes	PrecipitationParticle^c Droplet^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Fog^c

Foggy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foggy`
Description	CYC: An instance of #$OutdoorLocationByWeatherType. Each instance of #$Foggy is an instance of #$OutdoorLocation covered by a ground-level cloud. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foggy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brumous, foggy, hazy, misty - (filled or abounding with fog or mist; 'a brumous October morning')`
Super-classes	WeatherAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Smoggy^c

Foldable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foldable`
Description	A physical attribute. #$Foldable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of being foldable in a flexible way, like towels or paper. Note a distinction between #$Foldable objects and #$Collapsible objects: #$Collapsible objects are #$Rigid objects collapsed by means of #$HingedJoints, while #$Foldable objects are flexible overall. `COSMOnote: This means being flexible enough to be folded or crumpled up by typical human hands. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'foldable' in Wordnet; (a 'foldable' bed is not a subtype - that would be ''Collapsible'): in WordNet: 1. foldable, foldaway, folding - (capable of being folded up and stored; 'a foldaway bed')`
Super-classes	Bendable^c
Sub-classes	Creasable^c Collapsible^c

FoldableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoldableObject`
Description	An object that can be folded.
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foldable^c
Sub-classes	PocketKnife^c Bag^c Towel^c Envelope^c FoldingChair^c Frill^c PortableCarrier^c Napkin^c ReligiousClothing^c Garment^c Loincloth^c ProtectiveClothing^c WallPaperSheet^c

Folded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Folded`
Description	''Folded'' is the attribute of an Object that has experienced a ''Folding'' Event and as a result has at least two ''Layer''s.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Layered^c

Folder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Folder`
Description	A ''Folder'' is a ''Binder'' that is soft and flexible and may or may not be closable, but is used to organize and protect documents of paper sheets. Typical type is the manila folder. More complex is the subtype ''OrganizerFolder''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'folder' in WordNet: 2. folder - (covering that is folded over to protect the contents)`
Super-classes	Covering^c Binder^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c isDesignedToContain^op value PaperDocument^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c
Sub-classes	FileFolder^c OrganizerFolder^c

Folding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Folding`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which something bends over on itself rather sharply. NOTE that the biological sense of 'folding' applied to proteins is also represented as a distinct subtype 'ProteinFolding'. The difference between this and subtype 'Compacting' is that this type will include any Action that reduces the volume or surface area, and could be any action on an intentionally designed compactable or 'collapsible' object with flexible joints or pockets into which part can be inserted, as in an extendable rod (e.g. selfie stick). of an Object, while 'Compacting' suggests some bending of a flexible or semi-rigid part of the object. For artifacts that are designed to be reducible in size ( as in 'FoldingChair' and umbrella) , use ''Collapsing'' SUMO: Bending something in such a way that one part of it covers another part. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fold' and noun senses 1 and 3 of 'folding' in WordNet: 1. (5) fold, fold up, turn up - (bend or lay so that one part covers the other; 'fold up the newspaper'; 'turn up your collar') WN noun 'folding' (see subtype ''ProtinFolding''): 1. protein folding, folding - (the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape; 'understanding protein folding is the next step in deciphering the genetic code') 3. fold, folding - (the act of folding; 'he gave the napkins a double fold')
Super-classes	MakingSomethingMoreCompact^c
Sub-classes	Wrinkling^c ProteinFolding^c

FoldingChair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoldingChair`
Description	A ''Chair'' that can be folded up (usually into a planar shape) for portability or compactness. `RHW: 'a chair that can be collapsed flat for easy storage or transport.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folding chair' in Wordnet: 1. (1) folding chair - (a chair that can be folded flat for storage)`
Super-classes	FoldableObject^c Chair^c
Sub-classes	CampChair^c

FoldingUmbrella^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoldingUmbrella`
Description	A ''FoldingUmbrella'' is an ''Umbrella'' that can be collapsed to form a smaller, portable object. Most Umbrellas can be folded, but not all make ''PortableObject''s when folded. `NOTE that the parent 'umbrella' has the same WN synset. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'umbrella' in WordNet: 1. (2) umbrella - (a lightweight handheld collapsible canopy)`
Super-classes	Umbrella^c PortableObject^c CollapsibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Shade^c

Foliage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foliage`
Description	The term 'foliage' is usually used for the leaves on a single plant, but can refer to all the leaves on plants in some particular area. `Includes two sense of RHW 'foliage': 1. the leaves of a plant, collectively; leafage. 2. leaves in general. Corresponds to part (collective,not singular) noun sense 1 of 'foliage' in WordNet: 1. (6) leaf, leafage, foliage - (the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 4

FolkDancing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FolkDancing`
Description	''FolkDancing'' is a form of ''SocialDancing'' that is a ''CulturalPractice'', originating with or distinctive to some specific human culture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folk dancing' in WordNet: 1. folk dancing, folk dance - (a style of dancing that originated among ordinary people (not in the royal courts)) WN noun 'folk dance': 1. folk dance - (perform a folk-dance)`
Super-classes	CulturalPractice^c SocialDancing^c
Sub-classes	DoingaJig^c

FolkMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FolkMusic`
Description	CYC: 'FolkMusicGenre' The Collection of instances of #$MusicalComposition that are in the folk style or genre. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folk music' in WordNet: 1. (1) folk music, ethnic music, folk - (the traditional and typically anonymous music that is an expression of the life of people in a community)`
Super-classes	PopularMusic^c
Sub-classes	CountryMusic^c

Folklore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Folklore`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folklore' in WordNet: 1. (27) folklore - (the unwritten literature (stories and proverbs and riddles and songs) of a culture)`
Super-classes	Lore^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Tradition^c
Sub-classes	IrishFolklore^c

Folkloric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Folkloric`
Description	`No WN sense. RHW 'folkloric': based on or resembling folklore: folkloric music.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c Traditional^c

Folks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Folks`
Description	A term referring to one's own parents. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folks' in Wordnet: 1. (1) folks - (your parents; 'he wrote to his folks every day')`
Super-classes	KinshipGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Parent^c

Follow-up^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Follow-up

Description

       No WN adjective sense.
       RHW adj 'follow-up':
         4.  designed or serving to follow up, esp. to increase the effectiveness 
               of a previous action: a follow-up interview; a follow-up offer.
         5.  of or pertaining to action that follows an initial treatment, course of study, etc.:
               follow-up care for mental patients; a follow-up survey.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Follower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Follower`
Description	A ''Follower''is a Person who 'follows' the lead of a ''Leader'', i.e. performs a ''FollowingTheLeadOfAnother'' Action (which see.). This is broadly applicable to many types of action, and can be done by being compelled, or grudgingly, or willingly, or gladly. depending on the situation. The type of 'following' is very context and situation dependent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'follower' in WordNet: 1. (7) follower - (a person who accepts the leadership of another)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FollowingTheLeadOfAnother^c
Sub-classes	Vassal^c

FollowingMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FollowingMotion`
Description	The motion of an object, usually an animal, in which it traverses a path close to that of another object, but traverses the same points on the path at a later time. This may be intentional, unintentional, or natural. For intentional following with the intention of catching up (or catching), use 'ChasingSomething'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'follow', verb sense 3 of 'track', verb sense 2 of 'trail' and sense 1 of 'chase' in WordNet; for the sense of 'chasing' use 'ChasingSomething'. in WordNet: 1. (75) follow - (to travel behind, go after, come after; 'The ducklings followed their mother around the pond'; 'Please follow the guide through the museum') WN verb 'track: 3. (1) chase, chase after, trail, tail, tag, give chase, dog, go after, track - (go after with the intent to catch; 'The policeman chased the mugger down the alley'; 'the dog chased the rabbit') WN noun 'following': 2. pursuit, chase, pursual, following - (the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture; 'the culprit started to run and the cop took off in pursuit')
Super-classes	Motion^c
Sub-classes	Stalking^c ChasingSomething^c Pursuing^c

FollowingTheLeadOfAnother^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FollowingTheLeadOfAnother`
Description	''FollowingTheLeadOfAnother'' is a ''BehaviorTowardOthers'' which os performed by a Person who accepts (more or less willingly) the lead of another Person (a ''Leader'') and conforms to he desres or orders of that ''Leader''. - following a leader. `NOTE: This is broadly applicable to many types of action, and can be done by being compelled, or grudgingly, or willingly, or gladly. depending on the situation. The type of 'following' is very context and situation dependent. This is performed by a ''Follower''. Corresponds to verb sense 18 of 'follow' in WordNet: 18. follow - (accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of; 'Let's follow our great helmsman!'; 'She followed a guru for years')`
Super-classes	BehaviorTowardOthers^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Follower^c isDirectedToward^op some Leader^c

FollowingUpAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FollowingUpAnAction`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'follow up' in WordNet: 2. follow up - (increase the effectiveness or success of by further action; 'The doctor followed up the surgery with radiation') WN noun 'follow-up': 2. follow-up, followup - (an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done)`
Super-classes	Resuming^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value HumanActivity^c

Fomite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fomite`
Description	'Fomite' is a specialized term found in the higher levels of WordNet, corresponding to sense 1 of 'fomite' in RHW: any agent, as clothing or bedding, that is capable of absorbing and transmitting the infecting organism of a disease. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'fomite' in WordNet: 1. fomite, vehicle - (any inanimate object (as a towel or money or clothing or dishes or books or toys etc.) that can transmit infectious agents from one person to another)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	contains^op value InfectiousAgent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Infectious^c

Fond^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fond`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Affection (synonym: fondness) (for something or someone). This is linguistically expressed with the word 'of' after 'fond' or 'toward' for 'affectionate' - as in 'Jack is fond of Mary' - or in the case of 'affectionate' 'Jack is affectionate toward Mary'. This is a subtype of 'tender', which can be brief, and this is intended to be the attribute of a more lasting fondness. `See aso ''Tender'' for another related attribute sharing some of the labels of this synset. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'fond' in WordNet: 1. (3) affectionate, caring, fond, lovesome, tender, warm - (having or displaying warmth or affection; 'affectionate children'; 'caring parents'; 'a fond embrace'; 'fond of his nephew'; 'a tender glance'; 'a warm embrace')`
Super-classes	Tender^c
Sub-classes	Loving^c

FondlingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FondlingSomething`
Description	'FondlingSomething' is an Action in which a person intentionally and gently touches or handles something - an object or a part of an Object, including another Person or oneself. NOTE: this 'touching' can include 'handling' in the sense of holding something in the hand and turning or moving it so as to see and feel its properties. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fondle' in WordNet: 1. stroke, fondle - (touch lightly and with affection, with brushing motions; 'He stroked his long beard')`
Super-classes	FeelingWithTheHand^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#gently^c
Sub-classes	Groping^c

Fondue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fondue`
Description	This is the ''Fondue'' that has melted cheese or chocolate used as a dip. This is notjust the dip itself,but the combination of the dip and the thing (usually bread) dipped into it. This is a ''FoodObject' that is some quantity of that type of food. CYC: #$Fondues are usually made of melted #$Cheese mixed with a little #$Wine which is then eaten by dipping cube-shaped pieces of #$Bread in the #$Mixture. Specific cookware and utensils can be bought for making #$Fondue recipes: a type of pot to heat the ingredients that are to be melted and long fork-like spears used for spearing and dipping the #$Bread, #$Meat, fruit, or other items. Besides the traditional #$Cheese #$Fondue, there are many other types, such as #$Chocolate #$Fondues into which one typically dips #$EdibleFruits. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fondue' in WordNet: 2. fondue, fondu - (hot cheese or chocolate melted to the consistency of a sauce into which bread or fruits are dipped)
Super-classes	DishOfFood^c Food-ReadyToEat^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op some FondueConstituentType^c

FondueConstituentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FondueConstituentType`
Description	''FondueConstituentType'' is a ''FoodType'' used to specify possible consitutents of ''Fondue. This is added because of the inability of Pellet reasoner to handle the 'owl:oneOf'' structure, and to allow use of Pellet.
Super-classes	FoodType^c
Members	CakeStuff Cheese Chocolate Bread

Food^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Food`
Description	Food is a collective term denoting any substance that is eaten by animals for nourishment, or can be eaten for nourishment. NOTE that Food is a subtype of 'EdibleStuff' which has been redefined from the Cyc meaning to exclude liquids, and include only organic materials. For drinkable stuff see ''Beverage''. 'Food' in COSMO is a substance, not a PhysicalObject. For the PhysicalObjects that consist of Food substances, see 'FoodObject'. Cyc comment: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$FoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$Food is a particular portion of food of a type which can be, and habitually is, eaten by humans or other animals. Here the notion of _eating_ is important; eating an instance of #$Food will generally require biting or chewing, but if placed into the mouth (e.g. with a utensil) in a manner not considered to be drinking, it is still considered eating. Thus, edible stuff normally taken in via drinking, inhalation, or osmosis is excluded from this collection. A borderline example is a bowl of bouillon, which, although it can be drunk from the bowl is normally ''eaten'' with a spoon; a borderline non-example is a very thick milkshake, which may be eaten with a spoon, but is normally drunk (possibly using a straw) from a glass. Instances of #$Food provide calories and/or nutrients that humans or animals need. The specifically solid food is subtype 'SolidFood'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 (liquid and solid) of 'food' in WordNet: 1. (34) food, nutrient - (any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue) 2. food, solid food - (any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment; 'food and drink')
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c FoodOrDrink^c Nutrient^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c
Sub-classes	EthnicFood^c PickledFood^c Cuisine^c ChickenMeat^c CakeStuff^c Ham^c VegetarianCuisine^c PieFilling^c CannedFood^c TacoFilling^c SolidFood^c DomesticatedAnimalFood^c CoconutMeat^c Mince^c Pate^c Egg-Foodstuff^c GreenGroceries^c FoodGroup^c PreparedFoodStuff^c DessertSubstance^c RawFood^c FoodProduct^c BranFood^c GrainSeeds^c ApplePieces^c Pork^c JunkFood^c Soybeans^c FoodGarnish^c AnimalFood^c BirdFood^c Sausage^c GameMeat^c FoodConcoction^c AppetizerStuff^c Honey^c DryFood^c

Food-ReadyToEat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Food-ReadyToEat`
Description	COSMO note: we use a narrower interpretation than Cyc, as a solid food object, so it is an object, not a substance, and liquids are excluded. This can be any kind of ready to eat food, including fruit which is freshly plucked from a tree and needs no preparation. Warning! This term was redefined from Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of (#$FoodOrDrinkForFn #$Person). Each instance of #$Food-ReadyToEat is food that is edible more or less in its current state, without further elaborate preparation. Instances of #$Food-ReadyToEat can require unwrapping, cutting, pouring, buttering, or cooling before being consumed, but not cooking or other complex or sophisticated preparation that is typically done in a kitchen or other food-preparation area rather than at the table or site of consumption. If a cook would inspect an item and pronounce it done, that item is probably an instance of #$Food-ReadyToEat.
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c OrganicObject^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ReadyToEat^c
Sub-classes	Meal^c PreparedFood^c Turnover^c TakeOutFoodObject^c CourseOfAMeal^c DeliSlice-MeatCut^c Snack^c SideDish^c Pizza^c LasagnaServing^c Cutlet^c Casserole^c Chip-Snack^c Fondue^c SliceOfMeat^c

FoodBearingOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodBearingOrganism`
Description	A ''FoodBearingOrganism'' is any Organism of which part can be removed and used as Food.
Super-classes	NaturalResource^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Food^c

FoodConcoction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodConcoction`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concoction' in WordNet: 1. concoction, mixture, intermixture - (any foodstuff made by combining different ingredients; 'he volunteered to taste her latest concoction'; 'he drank a mixture of beer and lemonade')`
Super-classes	Food^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op min 2
Sub-classes	Mincemeat^c Custard^c Yogurt^c Dip-Food^c Stuffing^c Mousse^c Pate^c Filling^c

FoodEnergy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodEnergy

Description

The usable caloric content of food, releasable by biochemical reactions in an organism. This is not a quantity of food energy, but the 'energy substance' making up the energy of food.

     The 'calory count' provided on the label of foods is one of the
       forms of energy that is contained in food.

Super-classes ChemicalEnergy^c

FoodGarnish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodGarnish`
Description	A ''FoodGarnish'' is a ''Food'' that is added on top of (''Topping'') or alongside ''FoodObject''s to enhance taste by adding edible things, or just to improve the appearance of a dish. it should be edible, even if it usually isn't eaten. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garnish' in Wordnet: 1. garnish - (something (such as parsley) added to a dish for flavor or decoration)`
Super-classes	Food^c
Sub-classes	Topping^c FoodGlaze^c

FoodGlaze^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodGlaze`
Description	A ''FoodGlaze'' is a ''CoatingMaterial'' that is a ''FoodGarnish'' that is added on top or on all sides of a ''FoodObject''. For objects with with a or cake or pastry base the glaze is uaually sweet. It is applied as a thin layer in semiliquid form and when it hardens typically form a a shiny shell. Some ''FoodGlaze''s may be applied to meat or bread. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 1. glaze - (any of various thin shiny (savory or sweet) coatings applied to foods)`
Super-classes	FoodGarnish^c CoatingMaterial^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value FoodObject^c

FoodGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodGroup`
Description	A specialization of #$ConventionalClassificationType and hence a collection of collections. Each instance of #$FoodGroup is a collection of foodstuffs classified according to their nutritional content. Instances of #$FoodGroup include #$DairyProduct, #$CerealFood, #$FruitAndVegetableFood, #$MeatAndLegumeFood.
Super-classes	Food^c ExistingStuffType^c
Sub-classes	FruitAndVegetableFood^c

FoodIngredientOnly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodIngredientOnly`
Description	NOTE; EdibleStuff is now organic, so salt would not be EdibleStuff. This type is redefined as a subtype of FoodOrDrink, not of 'EdbielStuff' so that it can include salts. Cyc: A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$FoodIngredientOnly is an edible substance that is used in making other food but isn't eaten by itself. Instances of #$FoodIngredientOnly may or may not require some preparation. For example, #$TableSalt, #$VegetableOil, and #$Ketchup are specializations of #$FoodIngredientOnly, since all of their instances are used only as ingredients or condiments. In contrast, #$Egg-Chickens is not a specialization of #$FoodIngredientOnly; some of its instances serve as ingredients in cooking other dishes, but other instances are simply eaten after poaching or frying. Types of food, such as #$Pizza, whose instances are never merely ingredients, are specializations of #$Food.
Super-classes	FoodOrDrink^c
Sub-classes	Seasoning^c Vinegar^c Frosting^c SoupStock^c Condiment^c Spice^c FoodThickener^c WheatFlour^c EdibleFat^c LimeJuice^c PeanutButter^c Sweetener^c LemonJuice^c CoarseMeal^c Coffee-Ground^c BakingSoda^c Flour^c

FoodIsReady^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodIsReady`
Description	Each 'FoodIsReady' is a 'ProcessStage' that is the last stage of a 'CookingFood' Event. `NOTE that this is an ''Action'', because it is one 'step' in a sequence of Actions in eecuting a Procedure - though the agent may be doing little or nothing at this point.`
Super-classes	ProcessIsCompleted^c FinalState^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some CookingFood^c
Sub-classes	MealIsReady^c

FoodMixer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodMixer`
Description	A ''FoodMixer'' is any ''KitchenUtensil'' used in mixing food components together. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'mixer' in WordNet: 4. mixer - (a kitchen utensil that is used for mixing foods)`
Super-classes	KitchenUtensil^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PreparingFoodOrDrink^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value MixingSubstances^c

FoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodObject`
Description	A FoodObject is a PhysicalObject, solid or liquid, which consists mostly of Food, which is a substance. `This is not for raw vegetables or food animals such as ''FoodFish'' - this is for an Object prepared to be eaten.`
Super-classes	EdibleObject^c OrganicMaterialObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op some FoodType^c
Sub-classes	EdibleFruit^c TreatObject^c PickledFoodObject^c Refreshment^c Provisions^c SteamedFoodObject^c MacaroniNoodle^c DishOfFood^c SpaghettiNoodle^c Omelette^c Noodle^c BambooShoot^c SolidFoodObject^c FoodOnTheTable^c SausageObject^c ApplePiece^c ShreddedWheatBiscuit^c RegularFare^c

FoodObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodObjectType`
Description	''FoodObjectType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''FoodObject'' to allow the type to be used an argument restriction for the relations on ''FoodObject''s .
Super-classes	SolidObjectType^c
Members	GingerbreadCake SteamedFoodObject MeatObject Biscuit Brownie FruitOrVegetableObject GyroSandwich CookedWingOfFowl ChocolateBonBon BlackForestCake Loin Tortilla ChocolateCake FoodObject Cheesecake ButterCookie Fillet BuffaloWing FriedFoodObject SliceOfFood Beefsteak BakedFoodObject Roll FlourBasedObject Shortbread DeliSlice-MeatCut Cake Leek FrozenDessertObject DanishPastry Popsicle FoodOnTheTable Onion-Bulb LoafOfBread BoiledFoodObject Steak Muffin CookedFoodObject ShallotBulb SweetRoll BirthdayCake PieceOfChocolate Chop-MeatCut Scallion Omelette BoiledEgg Baguette SliceOfMeat Dumpling Pancake CutOfMeat FishFilet SteamedClam SubmarineSandwich BreadObject LoinCut VegetableFoodObject HotDogSandwich SausageObject Crouton Matzoh Cutlet LollipopPop Bagel LongRoll RoastedFoodObject Scone FoodPortion Hamburger HardCandyObject Pierogi Shortcake

FoodOnTheTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodOnTheTable`
Description	''FoodOnTheTable'' is the ''Supply'' of food put on a table while Dining, available to be eaten unless replenished by additional food being put on the table. This stretches the notion of a ''Supply'' to short-lived supplies, and is here mostly to expand the notion of ''Supply'' for use with 'consuming a supply'. `This food does not necessarily have to be on a literal table, but is the food served and ready to eat.`
Super-classes	Supply^c FoodObject^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Dining^c hasComponentElement^op value FoodObject^c isaSourceOf^op value Food^c isThePlaceOfOriginOf^op value FoodObject^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523

FoodOrDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodOrDrink`
Description	COSMO note: this is not a specialiation of EdibleStuff, as we redefine edible stuff as Organic. In the Cyc terminology,this would be 'EdibleOrDrinkableStuff'. The problem is that 'EdibleStuff' can be poisonous, so it is not the same as Food. This type should be made disjoint from Poisonous stuff. NOTE: Food would be a 'ConsumableProduct' if all Food were commercial products, but some foods are not commercially produced. Cyc: A specialization of #$EdibleStuff (q.v.). Each instance of #$FoodOrDrink is a substance which instances of some type of organism (that is, some sub-collection of #$Organism-Whole) normally consume a significant part of. Important specializations of #$FoodOrDrink include #$Food (instances of which require chewing in order to be consumed) and #$Drink (instances of which are liquids that can be consumed without chewing). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'nutriment' in Wordnet: 1. nutriment, nourishment, nutrition, sustenance, aliment, alimentation, victuals - (a source of materials to nourish the body)
Super-classes	Resource^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nutritious^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c
Sub-classes	FoodIngredientOnly^c Food^c BreakfastFood^c Nutrient^c Beverage^c FreshFoodOrDrink^c

FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice is a device designed to be used in the preparation of food or drink. Specializations of #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice include #$CoffeeMaker, #$SpiceMill, and #$ElectricalToaster.
Super-classes	Device^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value PreparingFoodOrDrink^c
Sub-classes	KitchenUtensil^c CookingVessel^c FoodProcessor^c Colander^c Toaster^c Blender^c

FoodOven^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodOven`
Description	The kind of ''Oven'' in which food is baked, typically functioning as a ''HouseholdAppliance''. `This is more similar to the SUMO'oven'. SUMO: A HeatingDevice with a door for inserting and removing Food that is to be baked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oven' in Wordnet: 1. (2) oven - (kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting)`
Super-classes	Oven^c HouseholdAppliance^c
Restrictions	canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value BakingFood^c
Sub-classes	ToasterOven^c

FoodPatty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodPatty`
Description	A ''SolidFoodObject'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patty' in WordNet: 1. patty, cake - (small flat mass of chopped food)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c
Sub-classes	GroundBeefPatty^c

FoodPoisoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodPoisoning`
Description	''FoodPoisoning'' is a ''PoisoningCondition'' caused by ingesting some ''Food'' that has some component poison or contaminating organisms that produce a poison. Some mushrooms can cause this without contaminating micoorganisms. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food poisoning' in WordNet: 1. food poisoning, gastrointestinal disorder - (illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food)`
Super-classes	PoisoningCondition^c
Sub-classes	Botulin^c Botulism^c

FoodPortion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodPortion`
Description	A prepared ''FoodObject'' consisting of some indefinite quantity of ''Food'' not too large to be eaten by one Person at one sitting. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'portion' in WordNet: 7. helping, portion, serving - (an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal; 'the helpings were all small'; 'his portion was larger than hers'; 'there's enough for two servings each')`
Super-classes	PreparedFood^c
Sub-classes	SliceOfFood^c DeliSlice-MeatCut^c

FoodPreparationChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodPreparationChange`
Description	Each 'FoodPreparationChange' is a Change in some food object that changes it either from not ready to eat to ready to eat, or from less convenient to more convenient to eat. PreparingFoodOrDrink is a very general type including almost any kind of 'preparation', and this type represents the most general type. A More specific type would be, for example the change caused by 'CookingFood', in which the food item goes from raw to cooked.
Super-classes	Improvement^c
Sub-classes	CookingChange^c

FoodProcessor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodProcessor`
Description	CYC: The collection of electrical food processors. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food processor' in WordNet: 1. food processor - (a kitchen appliance with interchangeable blades; used for shredding or blending or chopping or slicing food)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Processor^c FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c
Restrictions	processes^op value Food^c
Sub-classes	Blender^c

FoodProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodProduct`
Description	A ''FoodProduct'' is a Food that has been proessed in someway from its original form or compposition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food product' in WordNet: 1. foodstuff, food product - (a substance that can be used or prepared for use as food)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c Food^c
Sub-classes	Curd^c

FoodProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodProfessional`
Description	A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$FoodProfessional is a worker whose occupation is to prepare or serve food or drink. Notable specializations of #$FoodProfessional include #$Butcher, #$Brewer, #$Bartender, and #$WaitPerson.
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c
Sub-classes	Confectioner^c HeadWaiter^c

FoodRecipe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodRecipe`
Description	A 'FoodRecipe' is a 'Recipe'(a 'Procedure') for preparing Food, usually involving a mixture of ingredients or some form of cooking. This includes the directions for preparing the food as well as the ingeredients. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'recipe' in WordNet: 1. (1) recipe, formula - (directions for making something)`
Super-classes	Recipe^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only PreparingFoodItem^c

FoodThickener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodThickener`
Description	A ''FoodThickener'' is a ''SolidSubstance'' used to make a liquid Food more viscous, to produce the consistency of a semisolid substance. This can be, for example, flour or starch or some material that forms a gel. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thickener' in WordNet: 1. thickening, thickener - (any material used to thicken; 'starch is used in cooking as a thickening')`
Super-classes	FoodIngredientOnly^c OrganicSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent^op value Thickening^c

FoodTin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodTin

Description

A 'FoodTin' is a small 'MetalContainer' with a removable and replaceable lid, intended to hold DryFood, and small enough to hold in one hand (though it may be too wide to grasp with one hand). A 'can' that can be opened with a can opener and not resealed to its original state is not included.

       Corresponds to sense 3 of 'tin' in Longmans:
         3 [countable] a metal container with a lid in which food can be stored:
                 'a biscuit tin'

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tin' and sense 2 of 'canister' in WordNet:
       WN noun 'tin':
         2. canister, cannister, tin - (metal container for storing dry foods such as tea or flour)

Super-classes ContainerWithTopCap^c
SmallObject^c
MetalContainer^c

FoodType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodType`
Description	FoodType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of Food (a Substance). This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	FondueConstituentType^c
Members	Ham EggYolkStuff BeetStuff Custard SoybeanOil MashedPotatoes VanillaIceCream Food PeanutButter Preserve DessertSubstance RawFood Condiment Spinach Shallots Rosemary Barley Marinade BakedChicken JulennedVegetable HardCandy Sushi RadishStuff Mutton Seafood Chocolate CoconutMeat Meal Pudding SpareRibs SesameSeeds ChickenParmagiana Pate Salsa GroundBeef Pork IceCream PickledFood RootVegetable Dinner Chowder ChilledDrink DimSum SeedGrain Cuisine Filling ScrambledEggs Soybeans PicnicMeal CookedFood BeanStuff Cracker-Jacks Peanuts ParsnipRoot TurnipStuff Basil PreparedFoodStuff ChineseCuisine Tofu KosherFood FruitFood Anise SolanaceousVegetable ShreddedWheat MarshmallowStuff Oatmeal GameMeat Frankfurter Bologna AppleSauce Porridge CerealFood GoatCheese Chives Sauerkraut TenderloinOfBeef Cumin Vegetable-Food Mustard CannedSpam Snack Grenadine Cauliflower-Foodstuff Mincemeat EggWhiteStuff LasagnaServing CottageCheese FoodConcoction Salami Broth Seasoning CurryPowder Beans JunkFood DryFood Cayenne Pumpkin-Foodstuff Lunch Soup Potato-Foodstuff Broccoli-Foodstuff Carrots-Foodstuff PeanutOil Garlic GreenGroceries QuickBread GroundMeat VegetarianCuisine EthnicFood CannedFood MustardPaste Sausage Scallions Mayonnaise Celery-Foodstuff Mussels Mousse FoodProduct Stew Onions Hash Brunch Thyme MustardSeeds Bread Pastry CruciferousVegetable ColdCereal Peas HerbSeasoning HauteCuisine Anchovies BreakfastFood BakedFood Mince Parsley Bacon Curd Veal TartarSauce LunchMeat Popcorn ChiliPeppers FrozenDessertFood Lettuce-Foodstuff TeaLeaves Cabbage-Foodstuff Tuna SugarFreeEdibleStuff Breakfast CannedMeat Pepperoni Spread Caviar Venison MeatMixture SoySauce MexicanFood Shellfish-Food Zucchini-Foodstuff Prunes Egg-Foodstuff GroundCloves Granola Stuffing Saffron CakeStuff Licorice Beef CosLettuce

FoodUtensil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodUtensil`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes utensils used in preparing, serving, and and eating food. For Eating utensils only (knife, fork, spoon) use 'EatingUtensil'. Every such utensil has a Handle; if there are any implements used in preparing or eating food (e.g. a drinking straw) that do not have a handle, they should be categorized in a different type. NOTE: the subtype of ''FoodUtensil'' actualy used in eating is represented by subtype ''Eatingtensil''. Cyc: A specialization of #$HandTool. Each instance of #$FoodUtensil is an implement or container used in preparing or consuming food. Notable specializations of #$FoodUtensil include #$Spoon, #$CarvingKnife, #$CookingUtensil, #$FoodVessel, #$CuttingBoard, and #$ChopStick. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eating utensil' in WordNet: 1. cutlery, eating utensil - (tableware implements for cutting and eating food)
Super-classes	Utensil^c HandTool^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c
Sub-classes	EatingUtensil^c Spoon^c KitchenUtensil^c ServingUtensil^c MeasuringCup^c

FoodVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoodVessel`
Description	A specialization of #$ContainerArtifact. Each instance of #$FoodVessel is a portable container designed for holding, storing, or preparing food or drink. Specializations of #$FoodVessel include the collections #$CookingVessel, #$EatingVessel, and #$FoodStorageContainer.
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Food^c
Sub-classes	CookingVessel^c DrinkingVessel^c MeasuringCup^c WineBottle^c Thermos^c EatingVessel^c MeasuringSpoon^c SaltShaker^c China-Dinnerware^c PepperShaker^c ServingVessel^c Bowl-Generic^c

Fool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fool`
Description	A Fool is a Person who lacks good judgment. RHW: 'fool' 1. a silly or stupid person; a person who lacks judgment or sense. `Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'fool' in WordNet: 1. (25) fool, sap, saphead, muggins, tomfool - (a person who lacks good judgment)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value FoolishAct^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foolish^c

Foolish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foolish`
Description	'Foolish' is an attribute of people or actions, characterizing the manner in which people behave, specifically that the behavior is unwise or ill-considered, and performed in a manner showing lack of forethought and poor understanding of the consequences of an action; of actions, poorly considered and unlikely to achieve the intended result.Applied to people, it may only apply to the person with respect to some particular action, and is not necessarily a persistent AttributeValue. This type includes senses 1 and 2 of 'foolish' in RHW: 1. resulting from or showing a lack of sense; ill-considered; unwise: a foolish action, a foolish speech. 2. lacking forethought or caution. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'foolish' in WordNet: 1. (6) foolish - - (devoid of good sense or judgment; 'foolish remarks'; 'a foolish decision') 2. anserine, dopy, dopey, foolish, goosey, goosy, gooselike, jerky - - (having or revealing stupidity; 'ridiculous anserine behavior'; 'a dopey answer'; 'a dopey kid'; 'some fool idea about rewriting authors' books')
Super-classes	Unreasonable^c
Sub-classes	Goofy^c

FoolishAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoolishAct`
Description	A 'FoolishAct' is any of many types of Action that may or does cause harm to the actor or to someone else, also implying that the Agent did not understand that the act would result in harm. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'folly' in WordNet: 2. (1) stupidity, betise, folly, foolishness, imbecility - (a stupid mistake)`
Super-classes	MistakenAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Fool^c hasAttributeValue^op value Foolish^c

Foolproof^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foolproof

Description

This term is mostly used for ''Method''s specifying how to do something.

     Similar to RHW 'surefire' (no WN sense for that word)
       RHW adj 'surefire': sure to work; foolproof: a surefire moneymaking scheme.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foolproof' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) foolproof, unfailing - (not liable to failure;
           'a foolproof identification system'; 'the unfailing sign of an amateur'; 
           'an unfailing test')

Super-classes EasyToDo^c
EasyToUse^c

Foot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foot`
Description	This is the general ''Foot'' of an Animal - for people use subtype ''HumanFoot''. In CYC called 'Foot-AnimalBodyPart': A specialization of #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, and an instance of #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType: the collection of all feet (a foot is a terminal part of a #$Vertebrate's #$Leg, used in locomotion, support, balance, #$Kicking, etc.). Notable specializations of this collection include #$WebbedFoot and #$Paw. Includes senses 5, and 8 of 'foot' in WordNet: 5. (27) animal foot, foot - (the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings) 8. (3) foot, invertebrate foot - (any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates)
Super-classes	Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Leg^c
Sub-classes	Paw^c HumanFoot^c BirdClaw^c

FootLength^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootLength

Description

English length unit equal to 1 foot. This is somewhat duplicative of the instance of 'LengthMeasure', 'OneFoot', and should not be used as an instance of LengthMeasure.
@ToDo: should this be here at all?? See also UnitOfMeasure instance 'feet'.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foot' in WordNet:
    1. (740) foot, ft - (a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches
       or a third of a yard; 'he is six feet tall')

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

FootRest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootRest`
Description	A ''FootRest'' is a small ''Platform' designed to support a Person's foot, not much larger than a human foot.. No sense in WN for this. `NOTE: WN 'footrest' is represented by ''FootStool''. RHW: a support for a person's feet, as an attachment to a barber's chair or a dentist's chair`
Super-classes	Platform^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	supports^op value Foot^c

FootSole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootSole`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sole' in WordNet: 3. sole - (the underside of the foot)`
Super-classes	BottomSide^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Foot^c

FootStool^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootStool

Description

CYC: A type of low stool used to support feet.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footstool' in WordNet:
        1. footstool, footrest, ottoman, tuffet - 
            (a low seat or a stool to rest the feet of a seated person)

Super-classes FurniturePiece^c
Stool^c

Footage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footage`
Description	A ''Footage'' is an abstract ''MovieClip'' that depicts some specific ''Topic'' - often displayed as part of some video broadcast or documentary production, or other discussion that includes that topic of the ''Footage'' shown. In discusing a ''Footage'' the ''Topic'' exhibited in the ''Footage'' is typically mentioned, so the restriction requires specifying the ''Topic'': 'footage of (Topic)'. NOTE: the WN parents of 'footage' suggest that it represents the physical object, but in COSMO conceptual works that have multiple copies are most often represented by the abstract versions, and a specific copy can be represented in relation to the abstract version. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footage' in WordNet: 1. (1) footage - (film that has been shot; 'they had stock footage of lightning, tornados, and hurricanes'; 'he edited the news footage')
Super-classes	MovieClip^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Topic^c

Football-TheSport^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Football-TheSport

Description

The sport of American football. This is not a game of football, but the sport generally.

    European 'football' is labeled as 'Soccer'.

    Corresponds to sense 1 of 'American football' in Wordnet:
      1. American football, American football game - (a game played by 
         two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long;
         teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across
         the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays)

Super-classes Sport^c
TeamSport^c

FootballBack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballBack`
Description	A ''FootballBack'' is a ''FootballPlayer'' who participates in a Football game by being behind the line of scrimmage when the ball is 'snapped' at the start of a play, i.e. is not a ''FootballLineman'' at the time of that play (though may be at a different time). `NOTE: this conflates both the position Role and the player who plays that Role - @ToDo: should be differentiated. Includes both WN senses - the player and the position (Role) that a 'lineman' plays in WordNet: 1. (1) lineman - (one of the players on the line of scrimmage) 4. lineman - (the position of a player on a football team who is stationed on the line of scrimmage)`
Super-classes	FootballPlayer^c
Sub-classes	Cornerback^c

FootballBall-American^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballBall-American`
Description	The ball use in American football: a 'pigskin'. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'football' in Wordnet: 2. (2) football - (the inflated oblong ball used in playing American football)`
Super-classes	Ball^c ManufacturedGoods^c Device^c InflatableContainer^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value FootballGame-American^c

FootballBlitz^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballBlitz`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blitz' in WordNet: 1. safety blitz, linebacker blitzing, blitz - ((American football) defensive players try to break through the offensive line)`
Super-classes	Blitz^c SportsPlay^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value FootballGame-American^c

FootballBlocker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballBlocker`
Description	A ''FootballBlocker'' is a ''FootballPlayer'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blocker' in WordNet: 1. blocker - (a football player whose responsibility is to block players attempting to stop an offensive play)`
Super-classes	FootballPlayer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BlockingTheWay^c

FootballField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballField`
Description	This ''FootballField'' is the field on which American Football is played, with a GoalPost at each end. This is the actual playing field not including the end zones. `This is problematic because the ''GoalPost''s are not always part of this length of turf. More detail will be needed for precision. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'football field' in WordNet: 1. football field, gridiron - (the playing field on which football is played)`
Super-classes	AthleticField^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value FootballGame-American^c hasLength^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHundredYards^c hasPhysicalPart^op value GoalPost^c

FootballGame-American^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballGame-American`
Description	A game of American football. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'American football game' in WordNet: 1. American football, American football game - (a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays) WN noun 'football game': 1. football, football game - (any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal)
Super-classes	GameEvent^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Football-TheSport^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value BlowToTheHead^c usesDeviceType^op value FootballBall-American^c

FootballHalftime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballHalftime`
Description	A ''FootballHalftime'' is a ''Halftime'' in a ''FootballGame-American''. This lasts for more than ten minutes and often has some form of entertainment performance on the field. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'halftime' in WordNet: 1. (1) halftime - (an intermission between the first and second half of a game)`
Super-classes	Halftime^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value FootballGame-American^c

FootballInterception^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballInterception`
Description	''FootballInterception'' is the act of one Football player grabbing a ''Football'' thrown by a member of the opposing team. This play causes a 'change of possession' of the ball, and puts the defensive team (at the start of the play) on the offensive. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'interception' in WordNet: 2. interception - ((American football) the act of catching a football by a player on the opposing team)`
Super-classes	FootballPlay^c SeizingWhileInTransit^c GrabbingOntoWithHand^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value FootballBall-American^c occursDuring^op value FootballGame-American^c occursDuring^op value FootballPass^c

FootballLineman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballLineman

Description

A ''FootballLineman'' is an ''FootballPlayer'' who participates in a Football game by being on the line of scrimmage when the ball is 'snapped' at the start of a play.

       NOTE: this conflates both the position Role and the player who plays that
         Role - @ToDo: should be differentiated.

       Includes both WN senses - the player and the position (Role) that a 'lineman'
         plays  in WordNet:
         1. (1) lineman - (one of the players on the line of scrimmage)
         4. lineman - (the position of a player on a football team 
             who is stationed on the line of scrimmage)

Super-classes Athlete^c

FootballPass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballPass`
Description	''FootballInterception'' is a ''Throwing'' act of one Football player throwing a ''FootballBall-American'' to another player on the same team; the 'pass'may be intercepted by a player on the opposing team. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passing play' in WordNet: 1. pass, passing play, passing game, passing - ((American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; 'the coach sent in a passing play on third and long')`
Super-classes	FootballPlay^c Throwing^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value FootballGame-American^c hadObjectMoved^op value FootballBall-American^c

FootballPlay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballPlay`
Description	Any action taken during a ''FootballGame-American'' that is characteristic of that sport. Not necessarily an 'offensive' move - see ''FootballInterception''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'football play' in WordNet: 1. football play - ((American football) a play by the offensive team)`
Super-classes	SportsPlay^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op some FootballGame-American^c
Sub-classes	FootballInterception^c FootballPass^c

FootballPlayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootballPlayer`
Description	A ''FootballPlayer'' is an ''Athlete'' who participates in a Football game in any of the regulation positions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'football player' in WordNet: 1. (2) football player, footballer - (an athlete who plays American football)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value FootballGame-American^c
Sub-classes	FootballBlocker^c Kicker^c LineBacker^c Quarterback^c FootballBack^c

Footboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footboard`
Description	This is not in WN as a vehicle part,just as generic 'footboard'. NOT for the bed part (see ''BedFootboard''). For the vehicle part use subtype ''RunningBoard''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footboard' in WordNet: 1. footboard - (a narrow platform on which to stand or brace the feet)`
Super-classes	Platform^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	RunningBoard^c

Footfall^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footfall

Description

The sound of a footstep. Footfalls are caused by footsteps ('TakingAStep' in COSMO), but not every footstep produces an audible footfall.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footstep' and sense 1 of 'footfall' and
           sense 7 of 'step' in WordNet.
           1. (4) footfall, footstep, step - (the sound of a step of someone walking;
             'he heard footsteps on the porch')

Super-classes Artifact-Generic^c
AudibleSound^c

Foothill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foothill`
Description	This is for the lower hills (which can be higher than other formations called ''Hill'') that are at the edge part of a ''Montain'' or ''MontainRange''. `CYC: a small hill, found between bigger hills or mountains and plains. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foothill' in WordNet: 1. foothill - (a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain)`
Super-classes	Hill^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value MountainRange^c isSmallerThan^op value Mountain^c

Foothold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foothold`
Description	A ''Foothold'' is any solid ''SupportingObject'' sufficiently large and itself well-supported that it can bear the weight of an adult Person. In rock-climbing it can be fairly small, at least large enough to support a Person's ''Heel''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'foothold' in WordNet: 2. foothold, footing - (a place providing support for the foot in standing or climbing)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value StandingStillEvent^c isUsedInAction^op value Climbing^c isUsedInAction^op value Walking^c supports^op value Person^c isLargerThan^op value Heel^c

Footing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footing`
Description	A ''Footing'' is a ''BasisForAnAction'' that is a relation of a Person to other agents or to the situation in which s/he is placed, or to that Person's own resources, that assist that Person to Perform some Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'footing' in WordNet: 2. footing, basis, ground - (a relation that provides the foundation for something; 'they were on a friendly footing'; 'he worked on an interim basis')`
Super-classes	BasisForAnAction^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op some PurposefulAction^c

Footnote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footnote`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footnote' in WordNet: 1. (1) footnote, footer - (a printed note placed below the text on a printed page)`
Super-classes	Annotation^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value AddingaFootnote^c isAtTheEndOf^op value Page^c

Footpath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footpath`
Description	Any path for people walking, not for vehicles; it may or may not be paved. It is an artifact because,even if not paved, it must be worn down and the vegetation reduced by some animals walking over it - if it is only used by animals, it would not be a Footpath, but would be a trail. A paved footpath (such as a sidewalk) would be a subtype. It must be outdoors- indoor paths are a different type. `Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'footpath' and also sense 1 of 'walkway' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pathway, footpath - (a trodden path) WN noun 'walkway': 1. walk, walkway, paseo - (a path set aside for walking; 'after the blizzard he shoveled the front walk')`
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some OutdoorLocation^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Trail^c Sidewalk^c HardPavement^c Promenade^c PavedWalkway^c

Footprint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footprint`
Description	CYC: A collection of visual marks. Each element of #$Footprint is an impression made by a foot of an animal. Footprints may be made in soft earth, clay, concrete, or on paper with paint or ink. Footprints may be made accidentally or on purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footprint' in WordNet: 1. (1) footprint, footmark, step - (a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface; 'the police made casts of the footprints in the soft earth outside the window')`
Super-classes	StillImageSource^c Mark^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value HorizontalSurface^c isProducedByEventType^op value Walking^c

Footrace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footrace`
Description	A ''Footrace'' is a ''Race'' in which two or more human competitors run the same path at the same time,and the one who reaches the finish line first is the winner - the winner has the shortest time. This is not for a 'walking' race. In CYC 'RunningSportsEvent': A specialization of #$RacingSportsEvent and #$TrackSportsEvent. Each instance of #$RunningSportsEvent is ann event in which the winning competitor is the individual or team who traverses a certain distance in a specific amount of time. This is the whole Event including the actions of all of the Agents involved. The Action of the individual ''Racer''s in a ''Footrace'' performs ''Running''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footrace' in WordNet: 1. footrace, foot race, run - (a race run on foot; 'she broke the record for the half-mile run')
Super-classes	Race^c StrenuousAthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Running^c
Sub-classes	Marathon^c ShortDistanceFootRace^c

Footracer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footracer`
Description	A ''Footracer'' is a male or female person who is a contestant in a ''Footrace'', whether long or short distance. In CYC called 'Runner'. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'runner' in WordNet: 6. runner - (a trained athlete who competes in foot races)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op value Footrace^c
Sub-classes	Sprinter^c

Footstep^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Footstep

Description

A ''Footstep'' is one complete motion of one leg of an animal (usually a Person)

            Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'footstep' in WordNet:
              2. (4) footstep - (the act of taking a step in walking)

Super-classes Ambulation^c

FootwearItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FootwearItem`
Description	A ''FootwearItem'' is anything designed to be worn on the Foot. This includes shoes, socks, boots, slippers. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'footwear' in Wordnet: 1. footwear - (clothing worn on a person's feet) 2. footwear, footgear - (covering for a person's feet)`
Super-classes	ClothingItem^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Foot^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Foot^c
Sub-classes	HosieryItem^c Ski^c Overshoe^c Slipper^c Rubbers^c Skate^c ShoeOrBoot^c

ForProfit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForProfit`
Description	A ''ForProfit'' agent or activity is created or performed with the purpose of making a ''Profit''. However,such an agent or action may not in fact be ''Profitable'' in any given time period or over the course of its existence in that Role. No WN sense. RHW: (of a business or institution) initiated or operated for the purpose of making a profit: for-profit hospitals
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ForSale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForSale`
Description	'ForSale' is a specialization of 'Available' meaning that the object or service thus characterized can be bought for money; it is relative to times, locations; there may be restrictions on who may purchase a thing (e.g.age restrictions for alcohol or tobacco), so this notion is very context specific and general. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'for sale' in WordNet: 1. (2) purchasable, for sale - (available for purchase; 'purchasable goods'; 'many houses in the area are for sale')`
Super-classes	Available^c
Sub-classes	ReadyMade^c

Foraging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foraging`
Description	Looking around for food in the wild and eating it when found. This is the activity by which many wild animals get food. Specializations include grazing and hunting. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'forage' in WordNet: 2. forage - (wander and feed; 'The animals forage in the woods') WN verb 'feed': 6. (3) feed, eat - (take in food; used of animals only; 'This dog doesn't eat certain kinds of meat'; 'What do whales eat?')`
Super-classes	AnimalFeeding^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SearchingForFood^c
Sub-classes	Preying^c

Forbearance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forbearance

Description

Each instance of 'Forbearance' is a PersistentState in which some 'IntentionalAgent' refrains from doing something that would commonly be done by someone in the same situation; using this type implies that the thing not done would be justified or at least understood as being provoked. This is more specialized than the more general 'Refraining'.

     This is the action, for example, of a person who is not complaining 
     about some provocation, or does not take revenge for an
     insult or injury.  This is not identical in implied sense to the
     WOrdNet 'forbearance', as WordNet sense 2 only implies that 
     forbearance is a delay, whereas this sense includes an intentional
     failure to act that can be permanent.

     Corresponds approximately to sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'forbearance' in Wordnet;
       this is the action of forbearing; the 'feeling' sense is not included here,
        - for the feeling, use 'Patience':   in WordNet:
        1. patience, forbearance, longanimity - (good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence)
        2. forbearance - (a delay in enforcing rights or claims or privileges;
           refraining from acting; 'his forbearance to reply was alarming')

Super-classes Refraining^c

Forbidden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forbidden`
Description	''Forbidden'' characterizes Actions and also Substances and Objects - a shorthand way of representing the forbidding of the use of certain substances or Objects. For banning ''IllegalDrug''s see ''Banned''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forbidden' in Wordnet: 1. (4) forbidden, out, prohibited, proscribed, taboo, tabu, verboten - (excluded from use or mention; 'forbidden fruit'; 'in our house dancing and playing cards were out'; 'a taboo subject')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Banned^c

Forbidding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forbidding`
Description	In each instance of 'Forbidding', some agent creates a Rule which is a Prohibition. NOTE: to 'forbid' something by legislation is the subtype ''MakingAnActionIlegal''. To make a Rule, one needs to be an Authority, but this is a very general concept, and the Authority can be very local or informal, such as a parent or a leader of a small group. The owner of a property is an Authority for what can be done on that property, and can create a Rule prohibiting actions on that property. The usage of the words 'prohibit' and 'ban' differs in some respects,but the essential meaning is what overlaps in this type. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forbid' and sense 1 of 'proibit' and verb sense 1 of 'ban' in WordNet: 1. (15) forbid, prohibit, interdict, proscribe, veto, disallow - (command against; 'I forbid you to call me late at night'; 'Mother vetoed the trip to the chocolate store') WN verb 'ban': 1. (3) ban - (prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure; 'Smoking is banned in this building')
Super-classes	Restricting^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Prohibition^c
Sub-classes	MakingAnActionIllegal^c Enjoining^c ForbiddingEntry^c

ForbiddingEntry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForbiddingEntry`
Description	'ForbiddingEntry' is a Forbidding specifically prohibiting some one or more agents from entering a Place, or joining an organization. For specifically blocking a passageway, use 'BlockingTheWay'. @ToDo: this may be too vague,and should be subtyped. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bar' in WordNet: 1. (9) bar, debar, exclude - (prevent from entering; keep out; 'He was barred from membership in the club')`
Super-classes	Preventing^c Forbidding^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value EnteringSomething^c
Sub-classes	BlockingTheWay^c

Force^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Force`
Description	The Class of ConstantQuantities indicating a quantity of Force (dimensionally equivalent to mass times acceleration); it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and an instance of ForceUnit. `This is merely a measure of a quantity of Force; For a Force having a specific direction, use 'ForceVector' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet, but the WordNet synset does not distinguish the scalar from the vector 'force': in WordNet: 3. (133) force - ((physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; 'force equals mass times acceleration')`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op some ForceUnit^c isProducedByEventType^op value ForceTransmissionEvent^c
Sub-classes	Impetus^c Thrust^c CoriolisForce^c AerodynamicResistance^c Torque^c Weight^c

ForceField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForceField`
Description	A ''ForceField''is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' in which some form of force may be exerted on some PhysicaObject that has some physical property, such as electrical charge, mass, magnetic polarization, the weak force, or any other property such as those possessed by subatomic particles or any others that physicists may discover. Physicists recognize the 'fundamental forces' of electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction. The 'strong force' ('strong interaction') can act on ''Quark''s. This is not a Region of space (use ''ForceFieldRegion''), nor a Property of space, but an active phenomenon (an Event) which, in some theories, may be caused by the generation (spontaneous or by an object) and movement of virtual particles that can interact with objects that can interact with such particles to produce a force of some kind, usually attraction or repulsion NOTE that a 'force field' is sometimes visualized (as in the WN gloss) as a region of space, but it is more complex than that, and is not restricted to electromagnetic forces. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'force field' in WordNet: 1. field, field of force, force field - (the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it)
Super-classes	PhysicalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some PhysicalObjectType^c occursAt^op value ForceFieldRegion^c mayCause^op value PhysicalForce^c
Sub-classes	GravitationalField^c

ForceFieldRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForceFieldRegion`
Description	A ''ForceFieldRegion' is a ''PhysicalSpaceRegion'' in which a ''ForceField''is present. ''ForceField''s are present in every part of space, so this type is used only to describe Regions with some salient ''ForceField'' relevant to something that needs representing.
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value ForceField^c
Sub-classes	GravitationalFieldRegion^c

ForceTransmissionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForceTransmissionEvent`
Description	A ForceTransmissionEvent is an Event in which one object causes a force which is felt by a second object. The force may be at a distance, such as by gravity or electrical or magnetic forces, or directly, but pushing or pulling or by resting on another object in a gravitational field. `For just 'tansmitting' a Force without actually causing the force (by action or weight) use subtype ''TransmittingForce''. A ForceTransmissionEvent may be a PersistentState if the force transmitted is balanced by another force and the object feeling the force remains stationary.`
Super-classes	ApplyingAForce^c
Restrictions	causes^op value PhysicalForce^c produces^op value Force^c
Sub-classes	PressingWithaFinger^c DepressingaDevicePart^c AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce^c AttractingEvent^c Imprinting^c SqueezingEvent^c TransmittingForce^c

ForceUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForceUnit`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses Force. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'force unit' in WordNet: 1. force unit - (a unit of measurement of physical force)`
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Sub-classes	G-force^c Newton^c

ForceVector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForceVector`
Description	The 'force' of Physics (as in F=ma), which may cause an Object to move or compress. This is a PhysicalQuantity that can be viewed as an AttributeValue of some PhysicalObject - the 'force applied' to that object. The Force may be caused by direct contact with a solid object, by pressure on a surface moving molecules, or by some force field such as gravity, magnetism, the strong force, or the force felt by an object being accelerated, or any other force field that physicists may define. The Quantifier of the ForceVector is a VectorInterval, and the unit it a unit of Force. This is a fundamental notion that cannot be resolved into more primitive concepts. It corresponds to the feeling of 'force' that one experiences from the sense of touch, and also to the physical notion of 'force' that causes things to move. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet, but the WordNet synset does not distinguish the scalar from the vector 'force': Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet: 3. (133) force - ((physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; 'force equals mass times acceleration')
Super-classes	PhysicalQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op some ForceUnit^c hasQuantifier^op some VectorInterval^c

Forced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forced`
Description	''Forced'' is an attribute that characterizes a ''Person'' who performed an Action due to being the object of a ''Compelling'' Action; and also characterizes the Action that was performed because of a ''Compelling'' Action. These two senses may be distinguished when necessary. `'He was forced to go to the meeting' 'His attendance at the meeting was forced.' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'forced' in Wordnet: 2. (1) forced - (forced or compelled; 'promised to abolish forced labor')`
Super-classes	Coerced^c
Sub-classes	Goaded^c

Forceful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forceful`
Description	The attributeValue ''Forceful'' is a subtype of ''Effective'' that can apply to Actions that are very likely to have some effect, or to Attributes that may impart some kind of effectiveness to the entities having that attribute. This is for Actions. For a 'forceful' speaker or 'forceful' statements made by a speaker,use 'Assertive'. Includes RHW sense 3 of 'driving': 3.having force and violence: a driving storm. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forceful' and sense 3 of 'strong'in WordNet: 1. (2) forceful - (characterized by or full of force or strength (often but not necessarily physical); 'a forceful speaker'; 'a forceful personality'; 'forceful measures'; 'a forceful plan for peace') WN adj 'potent': 2. (2) potent, strong - (having or wielding force or authority; 'providing the ground soldier with increasingly potent weapons')
Super-classes	Powerful^c
Sub-classes	Dynamic^c Drastic^c

Forcefully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forcefully

Description

''Forcefully'' can characterize Acions that use physical force or verbal force or psychological force.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'forcefully' in Wordnet:
           1. forcefully - (with full force; 'we are seeing this film too late 
                 to feel its original impact forcefully')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Forcefulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forcefulness`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forcefulness' in Wordnet: 1. force, forcefulness, strength - (physical energy or intensity; 'he hit with all the force he could muster'; 'it was destroyed by the strength of the gale'; 'a government has not the vitality and forcefulness of a living man')`
Super-classes	Intensity^c
Sub-classes	Brunt^c

Forceps^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forceps`
Description	A ''Forceps' is a ''GrippingTool'' with two arms, the ends of which are shaped so as to enable ''Gripping'' of some physical object. There are several kinds of foreps, including medical (used in assisting birth), laboratory (to handle objects without contaminating them with oil or sweat from the fingers), and for metalworking. Not necessarily spring-loaded. `CYC: A hand tool made of two much-longer-than-wide, almost-flat pieces of springy metal attached at one end with flat sides together so that, while not in use, there's a space between the two pieces at the grasping end. It's used to grasp objects by squeezing the two pieces together. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'forceps' in WordNet: 1. forceps - (an extractor consisting of a pair of pincers used in medical treatment (especially for the delivery of babies))`
Super-classes	Device-UserPowered^c ManufacturedGoods^c GrippingTool^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GrippingWithHands^c
Sub-classes	ObstetricalForceps^c

Forcible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forcible`
Description
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Forcibly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forcibly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'forcibly' in WordNet: 1. forcibly - (in a forcible manner; 'keep in mind the dangers of imposing our own values and prejudices too forcibly')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

ForeArm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForeArm`
Description	The segment of an arm farthest away from the torso; between the elbow and the wrist. "elbow" "wrist" `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forearm' in WordNet: 1. (2) forearm - (the part of the superior limb between the elbow and the wrist)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElbowAndWrist^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Arm^c

ForeSail^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForeSail

Description

The foresail of a sailboat.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foresail' in Wordnet:
             1. foresail - (the lowest sail on the foremast of a square-rigged vessel)

Super-classes Sail^c

Foreboding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreboding`
Description	''Foreboding'' is the attribute of something tht is ''Indicative'' of some ''Undesirable'' ''FutureSituation''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foreboding' in WordNet: 1. fateful, foreboding, portentous - (ominously prophetic)`
Super-classes	Indicative^c
Sub-classes	Apocalyptical^c Apocalyptic^c

Foreclosing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreclosing`
Description	This type includes all the actions taken for the foreclosing parties to recover the property they believe is properly theirs, including a ''ForeclosureAction'' if necessary. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'foreclose' in WordNet: 2. (1) foreclose - (subject to foreclosing procedures; take away the right of mortgagors to redeem their mortgage)`
Super-classes	RepossessingSomething^c TransferringOwnership^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value ForeclosureAction^c

ForeclosureAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForeclosureAction`
Description	A ''ForeclosureAction'' is a ''LegalAction'' in which the plaintiff seeks to have the cort declare that Plaintiff is the rightful owner of a piece of RealEstate due to the current owner's failure to pay debts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreclosure' in WordNet: 1. foreclosure - (the legal proceedings initiated by a creditor to repossess the collateral for loan that is in default)`
Super-classes	LegalAction^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Foreclosing^c

Forefront^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forefront

Description

This ''Forefront'' has more than one specific interpretation. For the 'forefront' of some development process, see ''CuttingEdge''.

        NOTE: from the WN gloss, a ''Forefront'' does not necessarily have to 
          be 'nearest' the viewer, as the 'head of a column' can be receding from 
          a viewer (e.g. at a parade).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forefront' in WordNet:
          1. forefront, head - (the part in the front or nearest the viewer; 
              'he was in the forefront'; 'he was at the head of the column')

Super-classes FrontSide^c

Foreground^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreground`
Description	Each instance of 'Foreground' is a 'View' that is part of a larger 'View' and is generated by objects at a closer distance to the viewer than are the objects in the Background. Instantiating a 'Foreground' requires specifying the whole 'View' of which is is a part (which in turn requires specifying some Person to whom it was visible). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreground' in Wordnet: 1. (2) foreground - (the part of a scene that is near the viewer)`
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some View^c wasVisibleTo^op some IntentionalAgent^c

Forehead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forehead`
Description	The area of skin between the eyes and the crown of a head. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forehead' in WordNet: 1. (8) brow, forehead - (the part of the face above the eyes)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c isDirectlyAbove^op value MammalEye^c

Foreign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreign`
Description	COSMO note; An Attribute of things (people, places, obejcts) that are not produced, characteristic of, or native to the country of reference. This is a relative attribute, and must be interpreted in the context of the country to which the thing is 'foreign'. This is an attribute that takes a reference Country as implied argument and returns the complement of that Country of reference. The Cyc representation of the term 'Foreign' is not an attribute but an object, and too unrelated to reference. This sense includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'foreign' in WordNet, but does not include the part of sense 2 meaning 'originating in another place' - this is specifically relating to other countries. in WordNet: 1. (21) foreign - (of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own); 'foreign trade'; 'a foreign office') 2. (10) foreign, strange - (relating to or originating in or characteristic of another place or part of the world; 'foreign nations'; 'a foreign accent'; 'on business in a foreign city')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Overseas^c Imported^c

ForeignControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForeignControl`
Description	''ForeignControl'' is the ''Control'' of some territory by a Country of which the local area controlled is not a formal part. Control of a local area by some foreign country or 'foreigner'. `Corresponds to part of noun senses 2 of 'control' in WordNet: 2. (17) control - (a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; 'measures for the control of disease'; 'they instituted controls over drinking on campus')`
Super-classes	ControlOverOthers^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some ForeignCountry^c
Sub-classes	Colonialism^c

ForeignCountry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForeignCountry

Description

A ''ForeignCountry'' is a Country (a GeopoliticalEntity) that is not the same as the ''Country'' of reference - interpretable only in context.

   Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'foreign country' in WordNet:
     1. foreign country - (any state of which you are not a citizen;
     'working in a foreign country takes a bit of getting used to')

Super-classes ForeignPlace^c
Country^c

ForeignPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForeignPlace`
Description	A ''ForeignPlace'' is any ''Place'' that is not the same as the ''Country'' of reference - interpretable only in context. For a ''ForeignPlace'' that is a''Country'' use subtype ''ForeignCountry''.
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foreign^c
Sub-classes	ForeignCountry^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotInUSA20070715

ForeignPolicyGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForeignPolicyGoal`
Description	This attribute characterizes goals which are foreign policy goals.
Super-classes	PoliticalGoal^c
Sub-classes	AidingAllies^c

Foreigner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreigner`
Description	A Foreigner is a Person who is Foreign - relative to some country or some other person. A Foreigner need not be born in another country, s/he may be a naturalized citizen of that country. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreigner' in WordNet: 1. (7) foreigner, alien, noncitizen, outlander - (a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foreign^c

Foreman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreman`
Description	The kind of ''WorkForce'' that a ''Foreman''manages may be distinguishable from others, but the characteristics are not yet clear. Construction crews are one case, but there are others. Are they all ''ManualLaborer''s? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreman' in WordNet: 1. (2) foreman, chief, gaffer, honcho, boss - (a person who exercises control over workers; 'if you want to leave early you have to ask the foreman')`
Super-classes	Supervisor^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value WorkForce^c
Sub-classes	StrawBoss^c

Foremost^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foremost

Description

''Foremost'' is a subattribute of ''Prominent'' for people or organizations or Actions that are among the 'topmost',if not the absolute 'best' then within the top few percent in 'goodness' character in some category.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foremost' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) first, foremost, world-class - (ranking above all others; 'was first in her class';
             'the foremost figure among marine artists'; 'the top graduate')

Super-classes Prominent^c

Forensic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forensic

Description

''Forensic'' refers objects, Actions, or arguments that are used in debate or legal Actions, including criminal cases.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forensic' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) forensic - (of, relating to, or used in courts of law or public debate or argument)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Foreplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreplay`
Description	CYC: erotic caressing performed as a prelude to #$SexualCopulation. `NOTE: for caressing (''Embracing') that has some sexual overtones but is not intended as a prelude to sexual intercourse, such as the hugging and kissing done by teenagers or couples who are beginning to get intimate, is represented by ''Necking''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreplay' in WordNet: 1. foreplay, arousal, stimulation - (mutual sexual fondling prior to sexual intercourse)`
Super-classes	SexualBehavior^c StimulatingSexualArousal^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value SexualArousal^c occursBefore^op value HumanSexualIntercourse^c isPerformedBy^op value TwoLovers^c

Foreseeable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreseeable

Description

'Foreseeable' is An AttributeValue of Situations that can be foreseen or predicted.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foreseeable' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) foreseeable - (capable of being anticipated; 'foreseeable costs 
                    were well within the budget')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Foreseeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreseeing`
Description	A 'Foreseeing' is classified as a type of ''Guessing'' because the future is inherently not accurately predictable and there will always be some uncertainty. This is a MentalEvent that does not necessarily include communicating the thing 'foreseen' to another Person. When the result of a ''Foreseeing'' is communicated to another Person (presuming that the foreseer has some confidence in the result) it is an instance of the subtype ''Predicting''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foresee' in WordNet: 1. (5) anticipate, previse, foreknow, foresee - (realize beforehand)`
Super-classes	Guessing^c ExpectingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Predicted^c
Sub-classes	Predicting^c

Foresight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foresight`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foresight' in WordNet: 1. (1) foresight, foresightedness, foresightfulness - (providence by virtue of planning prudently for the future)`
Super-classes	Providence^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Farsighted^c

Foreskin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foreskin`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'foreskin' in WordNet: 2. prepuce, foreskin - (a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c Skin^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value Penis^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Penis^c

Forest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forest`
Description	A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. The collection of all forests. Must contain some group of trees. `Includes both senses of 'forest' in WordNet: 1. (36) forest, wood, woods - (the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area) 2. (2) forest, woodland, timberland, timber - (land that is covered with trees and shrubs)`
Super-classes	WoodedArea^c LandArea^c EcologicalArea^c Wilderness^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c
Sub-classes	Swamp^c Jungle^c

ForestFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForestFire`
Description	A ''ForestFire'' is a ''WildFire' that affects some ''Forest''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forest fire' in WordNet: 1. forest fire - (an uncontrolled fire in a wooded area)`
Super-classes	Conflagration^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value Forest^c

ForestRanger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForestRanger`
Description	`Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'ranger' (not just forest fire fighters, any employee in a NationalPark or Reserve or similar public land. in WordNet: 2. fire warden, forest fire fighter, ranger - (an official who is responsible for managing and protecting an area of forest)`
Super-classes	PublicOfficial^c SkilledWorker^c
Restrictions	manages^op value Forest^c

Forestalling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forestalling`
Description	A ''Forestalling'' is a 'Precaution'' to prevent or reduce the likelihood of some ''ProblemSituation''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'forestall' in WordNet: 2. anticipate, foresee, forestall, counter - (act in advance of; deal with ahead of time)`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c Preventing^c Precaution^c AvoidanceAction^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value ProblemSituation^c occursBefore^op value ProblemSituation^c isAnAttemptToAvoid^op value ProblemSituation^c
Sub-classes	PreventingTerrorism^c

Forested^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forested`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forested' in Wordnet: 1. forested - (covered with forest; 'efforts to protect forested lands of the northwest')`
Super-classes	Wooded^c

Forester^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forester`
Description	CYC: The collection of professional foresters. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'forester' in WordNet: 2. forester, tree farmer, arboriculturist - (someone trained in forestry)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c Expert^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Forestry^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Tree^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Forest^c

Forestry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forestry`
Description	''Forestry'' is the science that studies the propertes of ''Forest''s with a particular concern about how to maintain them, use them, and create new Forests or improve existing ones. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forestry' in WordNet: 1. forestry - (the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber)`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Forest^c

Foretelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foretelling`
Description	A 'Foretelling' is prediction based on factors other than mathematical calculations using physical laws. It is Inherently less certain than mathematic prediction, but may have some basis in experience. This can be intuitive and is not necessarily ''Mystical'' or ''Supernatural''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predict' in WordNet: 1. (29) predict, foretell, prognosticate, call, forebode, anticipate, promise - (make a prediction about; tell in advance; 'Call the outcome of an election')`
Super-classes	Predicting^c
Sub-classes	Prophecy^c

Forever^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forever`
Description	''Forever'' is interpreted as The period of time from ''Now'' until the ''#EndOfTime''. `Forever is a Class, depending on the 'Now'. Each instance of this class will have a different ''Now''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'forever' in WordNet: 1. (15) everlastingly, fly, forever, evermore - (for a limitless time; 'no one can live forever'; 'brightly beams our Father's mercy from his lighthouse evermore'- P.P.Bliss) WN adverb 'evermore': 1. evermore, forevermore - (at any future time; in the future; 'lead a blameless life evermore')`
Super-classes	FutureTimeInterval^c RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfiniteYears^c hasStartingTimePoint^op value Now^c hasEndingTimePoint^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndOfTime^c

Forfeited^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forfeited

Description

''Forfeited'' is an AttributeValue of things (Objects or substances) that were lost by an agent due to a ''Forfeiting'' Action.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forfeited' in Wordnet:
           1. confiscate, forfeit, forfeited - (surrendered as a penalty)

Super-classes Relinquished^c

Forfeiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forfeiting`
Description	''Forfeiting'' is an ''Action'' in which some agent loses control of something that agent has or could have, due to some action of that agent. The agent may not intend to lose control, as for forfeiting by criminal action, so this is not an intentonal ''Relinquishing''. The use of 'throw overboard' is a metaphorical use that suggests that the ''Forfeiting'' was done intentionally and vountarily. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forfeit' in WordNet: 1. (2) forfeit, give up, throw overboard, waive, forgo - (lose or lose the right to by some error, offense, or crime)`
Super-classes	ImpartingAnAttribute^c LosingControlOfAControlledObject^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Relinquished^c

Forge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forge`
Description	A special type of ''Furnace'' in which metal is heated to make it soft enough to work. `RHW noun 'forge': 7. a special fireplace, hearth, or furnace in which metal is heated before shaping. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forge' in WordNet: 1. forge - (furnace consisting of a special hearth where metal is heated before shaping)`
Super-classes	Furnace^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ForgingaMetalObject^c

Forgetful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forgetful

Description

''Forgetful'' is an Attribute of people who are less able than average to remember things they have learned or been told.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forgetful' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) unretentive, forgetful, short - ((of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range;
              'a short memory')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Forgetting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forgetting`
Description	The class of MentalEvents in which an intelligent agent loses the ability to recall something (a Proposition) that was in the memory. Before the Forgetting, the doer could have the recalled a fact when an appropriate time or prompt occurs. Afterwards, the doer cannot recall it. A 'Forgetting' may be temporary, as when a person forgets an appointment, and later recalls it. A 'Forgetting' is never intentional, although some people may want to forget things - the Forgetting process is unconscious. Forgetting reverses the effect of 'PuttingIntoMemory'; after a Forgetting a thought no longer is the object of 'HavingInMemory'. `Corresponds to verb senses 2 and 3 of 'forget' in WordNet: 2. (21) forget, block, blank out, draw a blank - (be unable to remember; 'I'm drawing a blank'; 'You are blocking the name of your first wife!') 3. (9) forget - (forget to do something; 'Don't forget to call the chairman of the board to the meeting!')`
Super-classes	StrictlyMentalEvent^c
Sub-classes	IntentionalForgetting^c

ForgingaMetalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForgingaMetalObject`
Description	''ForgingaMetalObject'' is a subtype of ''WorkingaMetalObject'' in which the ''MetalObject'' is heated in a ''Hearth'' to soften it so as to make the shape change easier. `Corresponds to part (for forging metals) of verb sense 6 of 'forge' in WordNet: 6. shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword')`
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c WorkingaMetalObject^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Forge^c

Forgiving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forgiving`
Description	Cyc: The collection of acts in which an agent pardons some past perceived wrong on the part of another human agent. @ToDo: is a 'pardon' or a 'forgiveness' a result of this act or a part of it? COSMO note: this is not a 'forgiving' of a loan or debt, it is strictly a MentalEvent that changes a person's attitude toward the behavior of another person. It is usually accompanied by a Communication to the other person informing him/her of the Forgiving, but need not be. Also, in cyc this was restricted to humans, but in COSMO it also includes a 'Forgiving' by spirits such as God. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forgive' and noun sense 1 of 'pardon' and verb sense 2 of 'pardon' in WordNet: 1. (24) forgive - (stop blaming or grant forgiveness; 'I forgave him his infidelity'; 'She cannot forgive him for forgetting her birthday') WN noun 'pardon': 1. (1) forgiveness, pardon - (the act of excusing a mistake or offense) WN verb 'ardon': 2. (2) pardon - (grant a pardon to; 'Ford pardoned Nixon'; 'The Thanksgiving turkey was pardoned by the President')
Super-classes	SocialInteraction^c ActOfKindness^c MentalEvent^c
Sub-classes	Absolving^c Condoning^c

ForgoingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForgoingSomething`
Description	''ForgoingSomething'' is an ''Inaction'' in which some Person chooses not to perform some Action that is possible and legal to do. The Action that is forsworn is pointed to by the relation ''isTheAbsenceOf''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forgo' in WordNet: 1. (1) waive, relinquish, forgo, foreswear, dispense with - (do without or cease to hold or adhere to; 'We are dispensing with formalities'; 'relinquish the old ideas')`
Super-classes	Choosing^c Inactivity^c
Restrictions	mayProduce^op value Waiver^c isTheAbsenceOf^op some Action^c

Forgotten^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forgotten`
Description	''Forgotten'' is the attribute of something once known - an Experience, an Obligation, an anniversary, or any form of knowledge - which was not brought to mnd at some necessary or appropriate time, or completely lost from the memory. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forgotten' in Wordnet: 1. (5) disregarded, forgotten - (not noticed inadvertently; 'her aching muscles forgotten she danced all night'; 'he was scolded for his forgotten chores')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Suppressed^c

Fork-EatingUtensil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fork-EatingUtensil

Description

a Fork used for eating.

      Cyc ('Fork-SilverwarePiece') An eating implement having two or more parallel
        sharp tines, useful for stabbing and/or lifting solid foods.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fork' in WordNet:
        1. (4) fork - (cutlery used for serving and eating food)

Super-classes LongHandledTool^c
EatingUtensil^c

Forked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forked`
Description	An Attribute objects (abstract or physical) that have linear features but branch out from one root to at least two. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forked' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bifurcate, biramous, branched, forked, fork-like, forficate, pronged, prongy - (resembling a fork; divided or separated into two branches; 'the biramous appendages of an arthropod'; 'long branched hairs on its legson which pollen collects'; 'a forked river'; 'a forked tail'; 'forked lightning'; 'horseradish grown in poor soil may develop prongy roots')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Multipronged^c

Forklift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forklift`
Description	CYC: The collection of all vehicles (a.k.a. 'forklift trucks') with prongs in front that can be inserted under a load and raised to lift and transport the load. NOTE: this can be powered by internal combustion engines, if used outdoors,or by batteries, whether indoors or outdoors. RHW: a small vehicle with two power-operated prongs at the front that can be slid under heavy loads and then raised for moving and stacking materials in warehouses, shipping depots, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forklift' in WordNet: 1. forklift - (a small industrial vehicle with a power operated forked platform in front that can be inserted under loads to lift and move them)
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c PoweredDevice^c MaterialTransporter^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c LandTransportationVehicle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Pallet^c hasPhysicalPart^op value TwoPalletProngs^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Pallet^c

Form-StandardizedIBO^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Form-StandardizedIBO`
Description	A PhysicalObject organized by fields in specified locations. This can be used for completely printed forms, or for forms with spaces to be filled in. "blankspace" @ToDo: 1, some distinction needs to be made between blank and filled forms at some point. (e.g. 'BlankForm'?) 2. an abstract document representation of this is needed. Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationBearingObject and #$StructuredInformationSource. Each instance of #$Form-StandardizedIBO is an information-bearing object having some standard set of labelled fields; these fields are left blank for the user to fill in with certain items of information (often information pertaining to the user). Instances of #$Form-StandardizedIBO often accompany some sort of bureaucratic procedure, which they may be used to initiate or to certify. Specializations include the collections #$LeaseDocument, #$DepositSlip, #$InsuranceClaimForm, and #$Check-TenderObject. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'form' in Wordnet: 9. (2) form - (a printed document with spaces in which to write; 'he filled out his tax form')
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c GenericForm^c StructuredInformationBearingObject^c
Sub-classes	TaxReturn^c Questionnaire^c CheckForm^c Diploma^c Check-TenderObject^c

FormField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormField`
Description	Each ''FormField'' is a ''PageField'' in some ''GenericForm'', that can be in an AbstractDocument or in a PhysicalObject. `This ''FormField'' is the part of a field in a ''GenericForm'' that can be or has been filled in, It starts as a ''BlankFormField'' and if filled becomes a ''FilledFormField'', both of this being subtypes.`
Super-classes	PageField^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value GenericForm^c
Sub-classes	BlankFormField^c FilledFormField^c

FormOfAddress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormOfAddress`
Description	The Name of some position, rank, office, or other honorary description attached to the name of a Person as a courtesy or as a matter of right, such as 'Doctor', 'Lord', 'Mister', 'President', 'Mayor', 'Professor' etc. It can also be attached after the name, as a degree 'Ph.D.' or 'Junior' or 'III' (the third). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'form of address' in WordNet: 1. title, title of respect, form of address - (an identifying appellation signifying status or function: e.g. 'Mr.' or 'General'; 'the professor didn't like his friends to use his formal title')`
Super-classes	Word^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miss http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Junior-Suffix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Madame http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ladyship http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mrs. http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mister http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mr. http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misses http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ms. http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lordship http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sir http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Madam http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reverend

FormOfGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormOfGovernment`
Description	A ''FormOfGovernment'' is a ''Specification'' for a system by which some GroupOfPeople are structured and organized and exercise control over a GeopoliticalEntity, and and how it functions. The different forms of government are listed as subtypes rather than instances because there can be subtypes of the main forms. `Corresponds approximately (but in COSMO this is an abstract Specification, not a 'group of people') to noun sense 1 of 'form of government' in WordNet: 1. (1) political system, form of government - (the members of a social organization who are in power)`
Super-classes	Specification^c SocialSystem^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Governing^c
Sub-classes	Autocracy^c Democracy^c

Formal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Formal

Description

Conforming to certain social rules: of behavior or of objects (such as clothing) expected for certain occasions.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'formal' in WordNet:
      1. (13) formal - (being in accord with established forms and 
          conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress);
          'pay one's formal respects'; 'formal dress'; 'a formal ball'; 
          'the requirement was only formal and often ignored'; 'a formal education')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FormalBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormalBall`
Description	A ''FormalBall'' is a formal ''Dance'' where the dancers are expected to wear ''FormalWear''. `Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'ball' in WordNet: 9. ball, formal - (a lavish dance requiring formal attire)`
Super-classes	Dance^c
Restrictions	uses^op value FormalWear^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c
Sub-classes	Prom^c

FormalCeremony^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormalCeremony

Description

A ''FormalCeremony'' is a ''Ceremony'' that is performed according to rules establshed by some Organization (e.g. initiation rituals) or Authority (e.g. Religious rituals).

        The relation ''observesOrCelebrates'' can be used to point to 
          an Event that is being celebrated, and 
          'hadHonoree'' can be used to point to a Person(s) who
          are being feted, honored, inducted into an Organizaton, or given something of value.

        Includes all 3 senses of 'ceremony' in WordNet:
         1. (9) ceremony, ceremonial, ceremonial occasion, observance -
             (a formal event performed on a special occasion;
             'a ceremony commemorating Pearl Harbor')

Super-classes Ceremony^c

FormalDebate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormalDebate

Description

A 'FormalDebate' is a Debate that is conducted in public, and proceeds according to rules agreed to in advance by the debating parties so as to allot time fairly among the debaters. A FormalDebate may or may not have a moderator. @ToDo - how to include the rules??

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'debate' in WordNet:
          2. (5) debate, disputation, public debate - (the formal presentation of 
               and opposition to a stated proposition (usually followed by a vote))

Super-classes Debate^c

FormalJobDescription^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormalJobDescription

Description

COSMO note: a 'FormalJobDescription' is a JobDescription that is written in some document used by a company to record its internal organization and actions.

      Called in Cyc JobPosition
      Cyc: #$JobPosition is the collection of all job
        positions conceived as #$StaticSituations that exist at an
        #$Organization. A #$JobPosition can be characterized by a
        set of #$duties (see also #$dutiesOfAgentInJob) that the
        person filling the #$JobPosition will be expected to
        perform. In practice, we often use instances of
        #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg instead of specializations of
        #$JobPosition to represent types of job positions. See also
        #$JobPositionTypeFn. A #$JobPosition can be either open or
        filled (see #$JobOpen and #$JobFilled). A #$JobPosition is
        not the same as a #$WorkAgreement or a
        #$HasPositionRelationship. These latter two exist only when
        a #$JobPosition is filled by a #$Person who enters into a
        relation with the #$Organization that has the #$JobPosition.
        For each #$JobPosition, there can be only a single #$Person
        who fills it for a given temporal interval, although two
        different #$Persons may successively fill the same
        #$JobPosition. Use #$versionOfJobPosition to relate a
        #$JobPosition to a #$HasPositionRelationship.

Super-classes JobDescription^c

FormalMeeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormalMeeting`
Description	Any Meeting which is the result of Planning and whose primary purpose is not socializing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meeting' in WordNet: 1. (506) meeting, group meeting - (a formally arranged gathering; 'next year the meeting will be in Chicago'; 'the meeting elected a chairperson')`
Super-classes	Event-Organized^c Meeting^c
Sub-classes	JobInterview^c Conference^c Caucus^c CommemorationEvent^c PublicAssembly^c SocialRitual^c DiscussionForum^c Interviewing^c

FormalShoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormalShoe`
Description	A ''FormalShoe'' is a ''Shoe'' that is worn with other components of a formal outfit.
Super-classes	FormalWear^c Shoe^c
Sub-classes	TuxedoShoe^c

FormalWear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormalWear`
Description	Clothing appropriate for formal ('white tie and tails') or 'semiformal' (tuxedo) occasions: a dress gown for women, white tie or tux for men. `Term 'formal' mostly for women's wear: Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'formal' in WordNet: 2. dinner dress, dinner gown, formal, evening gown - (a gown for evening wear)`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Clothing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c
Sub-classes	FormalShoe^c TuxedoOutfit^c DinnerJacket^c Gown^c Cummerbund^c Tuxedo^c

Formaldehyde^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Formaldehyde`
Description	CYC: #$Formaldehyde is colorless gas at normal conditions, and has a pungent, irritating odor. Formaldehyde is a very common industrial and commercial chemical. `'Formaldehyde'' was widely used for embalming dead bodies for burial, but became less used after the carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde were recognized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'formaldehyde' in WordNet: 1. formaldehyde, methanal - (a colorless poisonous gas; made by the oxidation of methanol)`
Super-classes	Aldehyde^c
Restrictions	hasChemicalGroup^op value AldehydeGroup^c

Formality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Formality`
Description	A ''Formality'' is a ''PoliteAction'' that conforms to some specific rules of procedure rather than being motivated by a general considerateness for other people. `NOTE: in WordNet 'Formality' is a parent type of ''PoliteAction'' (WN 'polieness') but in COSMO this hierarchical relation is reversed so that 'formality' can be truly 'formal' (following a rule of formality) rather than being merely 'polite'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'formality' in WordNet: 3. formality - (compliance with formal rules; 'courtroom formality')`
Super-classes	PoliteAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c

Formally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Formally

Description

''Formally'' is a broadly applicable ''AdverbOfManner''
that modifies Actions to express the notion that the Action characterized was performed 'in aformal manner'; this adverb can also be used as a modifier, particularly of perfective forms of a verb: the assertion can be formally expressed . . .

        Corresponds to adver sense 2 of 'formally' in WordNet:
          2. (1) formally - (in a formal manner; "he was dressed rather formally")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Formation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Formation`
Description	A ''Formation'' is an 'Arrangement' of People or Human-controlled mobile PhysicalObjects that are moving together as a Group. (This is not for groups of animals) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'formation' in WordNet: 1. (7) formation - (an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; 'a defensive formation'; 'a formation of planes')`
Super-classes	Unit^c Arrangement^c ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryFormation^c

Formative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Formative`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'formative' in Wordnet: 2. formative - (capable of forming new cells and tissues; 'a formative zone in developing bone')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FormattedString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormattedString`
Description	FormattedString is an AbstractString in which the internal arrangement of characters has more than one component, each component having a different significance. A DateTime string is an example; an AddressString is another..
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op value Formatting^c
Sub-classes	ListString^c DateTimeString^c CityStateString^c LineOfText-Abstract^c AddressString^c

Formatting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Formatting`
Description	''Formatting'' is an ''Arranging'' of a Document (abstract or physical) that either specifies the typographic characteristics of the text or places parts of the Document (text or images) into a certain relation to either other (i.e. specify the arrangement). `NOTE the restriction should include arrangement of a document page along with ''FormattedString'', when such arrangements are represented. ''AbstractText'' and ''AbstractDocument'' ''textualmaterial'' are patients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'format' in WordNet: 1. format, arrange - (set (printed matter) into a specific format; 'Format this letter so it can be printed out')`
Super-classes	Arranging^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value FormattedString^c

Former^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Former

Description

The FunctionalAttribute 'Former', when modifying some type, is a function that creates an assertion that the entity described as 'former' was at one time, but is not now, of that type (or role).

    For 'former' meaning 'the first of two things just mentioned' use ''FirstOfTwo''.

    See also adverb 'formerly'.

    The interpretation of 'Former' in a text will likely depend on previous
    portions of the text or context to determine when the entity described as
    'former' was of that type.

    Corresponds to adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'former' in WordNet:
      2. (21) erstwhile, former, old, onetime, quondam, sometime -
        (belonging to some prior time; 'erstwhile friend'; 'our former glory'; 
        'the once capital of the state'; 'her quondam lover')
      3. (4) former, late, previous - ((used especially of persons) of 
         the immediate past; 'the former president'; 'our late President is still very active';
         'the previous occupant of the White House')

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

FormerAssociate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormerAssociate`
Description	A 'FormerAssociate' is a Person who was an ''Asociate'' of some Person at some time but is presntly 9at the tie of referene) no longer an ''Associate'.
Super-classes	ReciprocalRole^c Associate^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Former^c

FormerResidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormerResidence`
Description	A ''FormerResidence'' is the ''Residence'' that a person occupied immediately before a ''ChangeOfResidence''.
Super-classes	Residence^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Former^c

Formidable-Powerful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Formidable-Powerful

Description

The attributeValue ''Formidable-Powerful'' is an ''IntensiveAttributeValue'' of People or Actions (including arguments and tools or resources available) that are not only very effective as achieving a desired effect, but also impressive to see therefore unusual).

       THe term 'redoubtable' is only in WN in the sense repreented by
          ;;Unnerving'', but it is also used in the sense represented by
          this type, reflected in the RHW sense 2:
            2. commanding or evoking respect, reverence, or the like.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'formidable' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) formidable - (extremely impressive in strength or excellence; 
            'a formidable opponent'; 'the challenge was formidable';
             'had a formidable array of compositions to his credit'; 
             'the formidable army of brains at the Prime Minister's disposal')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Impressive^c
Powerful^c
Unusual^c

FormingAnArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormingAnArtifact`
Description	''FormingAnArtifact'' is a subtype of 'Manufacturing' in which some ArtifactObject is made by ''Shaping'' one or more parts of the final product The thing 'formed' could be only one component of the final product or the final product itself. The 'forming' can be accomplished by cutting, grinding, bending while something is flexible, hammering (as a blacksmith), pressing (as a coin), bending, or by fitting pieces together, or by molding. The ActIon of 'shaping' is represented by the subtype ''ShapingSomething''. The process of molding - pouring a liquid or semiliquid into a mold where it solidifies - is the subtype ''MoldingAnArtifact'' Includes verb senses 4 and 5 of 'form' and noun sense 3 of 'formation' in WordNet: 4. (16) shape, form - (give shape or form to; 'shape the dough'; 'form the young child's character') 5. (11) shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword') WN noun 'formation': 3. (4) formation, shaping - (the fabrication of something in a particular shape)
Super-classes	Manufacturing^c
Sub-classes	LayeringAnObject^c ModelngAnObject^c ShapingSomething^c

FormingAnOpinion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormingAnOpinion`
Description	Each FormingAnOpinion is a StrictlyMentalEvent during which some 'IntentionalAgent' creates an 'Opinion' in its mind. An 'Opinion' is some Proposition. Each Event of 'FormingAnOpinion' causes a MentalState of 'HavingAnOpinion', and creates an 'Opinion'. Linguistically, 'find' seems to be the closest label: 'I found him to be very pleasant'. The word 'feel' is more likely to be a label for the state of 'HavingAnOpinion', which see. NOTE: this is not solely a logical process,but has some elements of ''Inferring''. For beliefs resulting from a process of Reasoning, see 'Reasoning' and 'Conclusion'. This sense most closely resembles part of sense 2 of 'feel' and sense 5 of 'find' in WordNet, but the WordNet sense includes 'HavingAnOpinion', which is a separate Event type. This type is closest to the meaning of 'find' in that synset: in WordNet: 2. (150) find, feel - (come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds; 'I feel that he doesn't like me'; 'I find him to be obnoxious'; 'I found the movie rather entertaining')
Super-classes	StrictlyMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Opinion^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Inferring^c produces^op some Opinion^c initiatesState^op value HavingAnOpinion^c
Sub-classes	Rethinking^c

FormingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FormingProcess`
Description	This is the process of something being formed that ends in Creation.. NOTE that if a 'FormingProcess' is asserted, the existence of the thing formed is implied, and the corresponding 'Creation' event must be specified, using the 'hasCorrespondingEvent' relation. This includes the transitive and intransitive senses: Includes verb senses 3, 4 and 5 of 'form' in WordNet: 3. (23) form, take form, take shape, spring - (develop into a distinctive entity; 'our plans began to take shape') 4. (16) shape, form - (give shape or form to; 'shape the dough'; 'form the young child's character') 5. (11) shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword')
Super-classes	PhysicalProcess^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op value Existence^c hasCorrespondingEvent^op some Creation^c

Fornication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fornication`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fornication' in WordNet: 1. fornication - (voluntary sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other)`
Super-classes	HumanSexualIntercourse^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value NotMarriedCouple^c

Fornicator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fornicator`
Description	A ''Fornicator'' is an ''ImmoralPerson'' who engages in ''Fornication'' (copulation between an unmarried couple). NOTE: 'adulterer' should be a subtype. Not yet distinguished. NOTE: in WN this is a subtype of ''Libertine'' but in COSMO this could be a Person who commits unmarried sex even only once. So in COSMO a 'Libertine'' is a subtype of ''Fornicator'' for men who frequently and promiscuously commit ''Fornication'' and ''Slut'' is used for a woman who similarly has promiscuous sex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fornicator' in WordNet: 1. adulterer, fornicator - (someone who commits adultery or fornication)
Super-classes	ImmoralPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immoral^c
Sub-classes	Prostitute^c Libertine^c Slut^c

Forsaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forsaking`
Description	''Forsaking'' is a ''Parting'' where one Person leaves another one or more Person(s) who depends to some extent on the Person leaving, so that the Person leaving no longer provides the support that the Person(s) left behind were accustomed to. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forsake' in WordNet: 1. (4) abandon, forsake, desolate, desert - (leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; 'The mother deserted her children')`
Super-classes	Parting^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op min 2
Sub-classes	Stranding^c LeavingSomeoneInTheLurch^c

Fort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fort`
Description	A ''Fort'' is a 'Facility where troops can be stationed and housed. If it is fortified, it is also a ''Fortress''. There are US military installations called 'Fort xxx'' that have no defensive walls. This includes forts with and without defensive walls where ''MilitaryPerson''s can live for a full term of service. `NOTE: CYC does not ditinguish between 'fortress' and 'fort', so the CYC term 'FortTheShelterRegion' is used for both. Cyc ('FortTheShelterRegion'): Forts are analogous to campuses, or even miniature villages. They usually consist of a high stone wall enclosing an area with various buildings. There is often a watchtower. They were built to protect people from invaders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fort' in WordNet: 1. (2) garrison, fort - (a fortified military post where troops are stationed)`
Super-classes	HumanOccupationConstruct^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatFor^op value MilitaryPerson^c isDesignedToContain^op value MilitaryPerson^c

Forthrightly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forthrightly

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'forthrightly' in Wordnet:
          1. squarely, forthrightly, forthright - (directly and without evasion; not roundabout; 
              'to face a problem squarely'; 'the responsibility lies squarely with them'; 
              'spoke forthright (or forthrightly) and to the point')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Fortification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fortification`
Description	`NOTE: 'munition' is obscure in this sense, and is left out to avoid confusion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortification' in WordNet: 1. (1) fortification, munition - (defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it)`
Super-classes	DefensiveStructure^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value DefensiveWall^c
Sub-classes	Fortress^c Fieldwork^c Bunker^c

FortifiedWine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortifiedWine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortified wine' in WordNet: 1. fortified wine - (wine to which alcohol (usually grape brandy) has been added)`
Super-classes	Wine^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumAlcoholFraction^dp value 0.15^c hasAttribute^op value FortifiedWithAlcohol^c
Sub-classes	Sherry^c

FortifiedWithAlcohol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortifiedWithAlcohol`
Description	''FortifiedWithAlcohol'' is a subattribute of 'AlcoholContent'' characterizing ''AlcoholicBeverages'' with more than 15% alcohol, by additio of strong alcoholic beverages or EthylAlcohol to a less alcoholic drink, such as ''Wine''. `Corresponds to part (for alcohol) of adjective sense 2 of 'fortified' in Wordnet: 2. fortified - (having something added to increase the strength; 'fortified wine')`
Super-classes	AlcoholContent^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumValue^dp value 0.15^c

Fortitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fortitude`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortitude' in WordNet: 1. (3) fortitude - (strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage)`
Super-classes	Courage^c
Sub-classes	Gumption^c

Fortnight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fortnight

Description

The Class of all periods of fourteen consecutive days, regardless of the day it starts.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortnight' in WordNet:
     1. fortnight, two weeks - (a period of fourteen consecutive days; 
       'most major tennis tournaments last a fortnight')

Super-classes RecurringTimeInterval^c

Fortress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fortress`
Description	A structure built for defense, with walls surrounding a grounds - not a single building like a castle. This type of structure can be used to protect any Person, not just ''MilitaryPerson''s. For places where ''MilitaryPerson''s are stationed,use ''Fort''. `The CYC 'fort' is closer to COSMO ''Fort'' but it may alsobe intended for the defensive ''Fortress'' as well. Cyc ('FortTheShelterRegion'): Forts are analogous to campuses, or even miniature villages. They usually consist of a high stone wall enclosing an area with various buildings. There is often a watchtower. They were built to protect people from invaders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortress' in WordNet: 1. (3) fortress, fort - (a fortified defensive structure)`
Super-classes	Fortification^c FixedStructure^c Stronghold^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value Person^c hasPhysicalPart^op value DefensiveWall^c

Fortunate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fortunate`
Description	The attribute of some 'IntentionalAgent's that has benefitted from an Event (or FunctionalProcess) that may not have occured, or whose outcome might have been detrimental to that agent. This is an AttributeValue of 'IntentionalAgent's, not of Events. To refer to an Event as being lucky for a person or animal, use 'wasLuckyFor'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'fortunate' and sense 1 of 'lucky' in Wordnet, but applies only to agents, not to Events (such as 'choices); in WordNet: 1. (7) fortunate - (having unexpected good fortune; 'other, less fortunate, children died'; 'a fortunate choice') 1. (11) lucky - (blessed with good fortune; 'considered himself lucky that the tornado missed his house'; 'a lucky guess')
Super-classes	AgentAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	BlessedWith^c Blest^c Lucky^c

Fortune^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fortune

Description

A Fortune is a large MoneyObject; someone whose net worth (see 'hasNetWorth') is a 'Fortune' can be called 'Wealthy'. COSMO adopts the WordNet interpretation that 'a 'Fortune' is a large quantity of 'Riches'. The actual number is somewhat vague and will vary with time and with the community using such concepts.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortune' in WordNet:
   2. (3) fortune - (a large amount of wealth or prosperity)

Super-classes Riches^c

Fortune-Chance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fortune-Chance`
Description	'Fortune-Chance' in this sense is a mythical agent that determines how human events will transpire when they depend on some element of chance. This is synonymous with one sense of 'luck'. It is personified in mythology by the goddess Fortuna. See the related COSMO concepts 'Fortunate', 'Unfortunate', 'wasLuckyFor', and 'wasUnluckyFor'. The relation (''mayCause'' ''Luck'') captures the uncertain interpretation of ''Fortune-Chance'' by different people, who may not believe in pure unpredictably random events - for whom the mythical 'Fortune' has real influence on events. This corresponds to sense of 'fortune' in RHW: 7. (cap.) chance personified, commonly regarded as a mythical being distributing arbitrarily or capriciously the lots of life: Perhaps Fortune will smile on our venture. Part of Wordnet sense 3 of 'fortune' and sense 3 of 'luck' (luck is a lady', 'fortune guided his hand') seems to correspond to this COSMO type. in WordNet: 3. (2) luck, fortune - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome; 'it was my good luck to be there'; 'they say luck is a lady'; 'it was as if fortune guided his hand')
Super-classes	MythicalThing^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Luck^c

Forward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forward

Description

'forward'is an adjective that specifies that motion is a ForwardMotion, i.e. toward the front of a FrontAndbackSidedObject. The term 'Forwards' is used as a DirectionMeasure.

    Motion that has the attribute 'Forward' is a 'ForwardMotion'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forward' in Wordnet:
       2. (1) forward, onward - (moving toward a position ahead; 'forward motion';
          'the onward course of events')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ForwardMomentum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForwardMomentum`
Description	A 'ForwardMomentum'' is a ''Potentiality'' (a ''Capability'') of things, abstract or physical, that, by virtue of some Attribute, has the potential to continue doing what it has been doing in spite of some impediments that may appear or be placed in its (possibly abstract) path. This is a metaphorical use of ''Momentum'' in its precise sense in Physics. `This is often used of activities that tend to continue due to support from people generated by, for exaple, intermediate results that appear good or promising. The WN gloss for this sense is exactly what is represented by ''Momentum''. Unclear what the glossist had in mind Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'momentum' in WordNet: 1. (7) momentum, impulse - (an impelling force or strength; 'the car's momentum carried it off the road')`
Super-classes	Potentiality^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op value BecomingEvent^c refersToFutureSituation^op value PossibleFutureSituation^c

ForwardMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForwardMotion`
Description	A Translocation that is in the direction pointed to by the back-to-front vector of a FrontAndBacksidedObject. In some cases this can be termed 'Advancing'. See subtype 'AdvancingEvent'.
Super-classes	Translocation^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op value Forward^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value BackwardMotion^c hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forwards^c hasAttributeValue^op value Forward^c
Sub-classes	MovingThroughTheAir^c MovingInSpace^c AdvancingEvent^c MovingOnOrUnderWater^c Progression^c Leaping^c

Forwarding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forwarding`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forwarding' in WordNet: 1. (1) forwarding - (the act of sending on to another destination; 'the forwarding of mail to a new address is done automatically'; 'the forwarding of resumes to the personnel department') WN verb 'forward': 1. (3) forward, send on - (send or ship onward from an intermediate post or station in transit; 'forward my mail')`
Super-classes	SendingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedDestination^op some (DocumentType^c or Document-Physical^c or AbstractDocument^c or GenericLocation^c or Person^c or IntelligentAgent^c or LocationType^c or PersonType^c or RoleType^c) hadThingTransferred^op some (DocumentType^c or Document-Physical^c or AbstractDocument^c or GenericLocation^c or Person^c or IntelligentAgent^c or LocationType^c or PersonType^c or RoleType^c)
Sub-classes	ReferringForaDecision^c

Fossil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fossil

Description

CYC: The collection of all instances of remains or imprints of #$Plants or #$Animals preserved from prehistoric times by the operation of natural conditions. #$Fossils are found in sedimentary rock, asphalt deposits, and #$Coal and sometimes in #$Amber and certain other materials.

        NOTE that *some* 'Fossil's are also 'DeadAnimal's or 'DeadOrganism's- if there is
        some organic or fossilized remains of the original  rather than just an impression.
        @ToDo not yet formalized.

         Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'fossil' in WordNet:
          2. fossil - (the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal
            that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil)

Super-classes InformationBearingObject^c
InanimateObject-Natural^c

FossilFuel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FossilFuel`
Description	Although this is classified as a ''Fuel'' the actual fuels used are processed from the natural substances mined from the ground. This is for the substances as they come from the ground, classified here as 'NaturalTangibleStuff' (like ores). CYC; This is the collection of instances of #$CombustibleFuelSubstance which are either naturally created from the decay of organic matter or are refined from such. SUMO: FossilFuel is the subclass of Fuel whose instances are derived from fossilized organic deposits, such as Coal and LiquefiedPetroleumGas. COSMO note: 'ArtificialSubstance' parent was added because stuff in the ground doesn't become Fuel until it is extracted, at which point it is an artifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fossil fuel' in Wordnet: 1. fossil fuel - (fuel consisting of the remains of organisms preserved in rocks in the earth's crust with high carbon and hydrogen content)
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c OrganicSubstance^c Fuel^c
Sub-classes	Petroleum^c Coal^c NaturalGas^c Coke^c

FosterFather^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FosterFather

Description

A male ''FosterParent''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foster father' in WordNet:
         1. foster-father, foster father - (a man who is a foster parent)

Super-classes FosterParent^c
Father^c

FosterMother^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FosterMother

Description

A female ''FosterParent''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foster mother' in WordNet:
          1. foster-mother, foster mother - 
            (a woman who is a foster parent and raises another's child)

Super-classes Mother^c
FosterParent^c

FosterParent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FosterParent`
Description	A ''FosterParent'' is an Adult who has accepted formal legal responsibility to perform the functions of a parent of a ''MinorChild'' without legal adoption `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foster parent' in WordNet: 1. foster-parent, foster parent - (a person who acts as parent and guardian for a child in place of the child's natural parents but without legally adopting the child)`
Super-classes	NonParentGuardian^c LegalGuardian^c
Sub-classes	FosterFather^c FosterMother^c

FosteringSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FosteringSomething

Description

''FosteringSomething'' is any Action taken to help growth or development of an Organism, usually Child.

        Includes all 3 verb senses  of 'foster' in WordNet:
            1. (13) foster, further - (promote the growth of; 
                 'Foster our children's well-being and education')
            2. foster - (bring up under fosterage; of children)
            3. foster, nurture - (help develop, help grow; 'nurture his talents')

Super-classes ShowingSupportForSomething^c

FoulPlay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoulPlay`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foul play' in WordNet: 1. foul play - (unfair or treacherous behavior (especially involving violence))`
Super-classes	EvilDeed^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unjust^c

FoundObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoundObject`
Description	A ''FoundObject'' is an ''PhysicalObject'' that is found as a result of a ''FindingAPhysicalObject'' Action. This can be the result of an intentional search, or of an incidental observation. `RHW noun sense of 'find': 19. something found; a discovery, esp. a valuable or gratifying one: Our cook was a find. Corresponds to part (for PhysicalObjects) of noun sense 3 of 'finding' in WordNet: 3. (1) finding - (something that is found; 'the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner'; 'an area rich in archaeological findings')`
Super-classes	FoundThing^c DiscoveredThing^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value FindingAPhysicalObject^c isObtainedFrom^op value SiteOfaFind^c
Sub-classes	Specimen^c

FoundThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoundThing`
Description	Each 'FoundThing' is categorized by being the thing found in a 'Finding-Generic' Event. This can be a PhysicalObject or information in any form, such as an observation from a clinical or forensic examination. For ''FoundThing''s that are ''PhysicalObject''s the subtype ''FoundObject'' should be used. For something found as a result of an intentional search the subtype ''DiscoveredThing'' should be used. `NOTE: the generic 'isaParticipantIn' relation is used - perhaps an 'wasFoundInEvent' relation should be created? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'finding' in WordNet: 3. (1) finding - (something that is found; 'the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner'; 'an area rich in archaeological findings')`
Super-classes	Role^c ObjectOfanAction^c
Restrictions	wasFoundInAction^op some Finding-Generic^c
Sub-classes	DiscoveredThing^c FoundObject^c
In range of	hadObjectFound^op

Foundation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foundation`
Description	A 'Foundation'' is any ''Part'' of a Thing (physical or abstract) that is a necessary part and provides a 'basis' for building up a complex structure. Of necessity it is simpler than the whole thing (theory, physical structure, knowledge) that is elaborated on 'top' of it. A 'foundation' is not necessarily something 'assumed', but can be a set of facts or situations that provide intellectual material to propose extensions or elaborations of what is known or what can be done. `The Role that a ''Foundation'' plays relative to the remainder of the whole of which it is a Part can also be expressed as 'starting point'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'foundation' in WordNet: 3. (1) basis, base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone - (the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained; 'the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture')`
Super-classes	Part^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Basic^c
Sub-classes	StandardSpec^c BasicAssumption^c Basics^c

FoundationInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoundationInstitution`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'foundation' in WordNet: 2. (3) foundation - (an institution supported by an endowment)`
Super-classes	Institution^c

Founder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Founder`
Description	A ''Founder'' is a Person who participates as a principle (alone or with others) in ''FoundingAnOrganization'' - usually used for large ''Organizations'' or Institutes or schools or charities. . The 'founding fathers' are ''Founder''s `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'founder' in WordNet: 2. (1) founder, beginner, founding father, father - (a person who founds or establishes some institution; 'George Washington is the father of his country')`
Super-classes	Creator^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FoundingAnOrganization^c
Sub-classes	CoFounder^c

Foundering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foundering`
Description	''Foundering'' is the event of a boat 'Sinking' in some body of water. `Instance - the sinking of the Titanic? TitanicSinking Includes verb sense 1 of 'founder' and sense 4 of 'sink' in WordNet: 2. founder - (sink below the surface) WN verb 'sink': 4. (3) sink, settle, go down, go under - - (go under, 'The raft sank and its occupants drowned')`
Super-classes	SinkingInWater^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some BodyOfWater-Large^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Watercraft^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SinkingOfTheTitanic

FoundingAnOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoundingAnOrganization`
Description	''FoundingAnOrganization'' is a Group of Actions that result in the formation of some ''Organization'' with a formal structure, including private Organizations as well as Business organizations. The collection of all events in which some instance of #$Organization is formally established. Includes but is broader than verb sense 5 of 'organization' (this is not just for business organizations) and includes part of verb sense of 'organize' in WordNet: 5. (6) organization, organisation - (the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business; 'he was brought in to supervise the organization of a new department') WN verb 'organize': 2. (6) organize, organise - (cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Creation^c OrganizingaGroup^c ActionGroup^c FoundingSomething^c EstablishingSomething^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (Organization^c or OrganizationType^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op some Founder^c produced^op value Organization^c
Sub-classes	CreatingaCorporation^c Unionizing^c

FoundingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoundingSomething`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'founding' in WordNet: 1. (2) initiation, founding, foundation, institution, origination, creation, innovation, introduction, instauration - (the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new; 'she looked forward to her initiation as an adult'; 'the foundation of a new scientific society'; 'he regards the fork as a modern introduction') WN verb 'found': 2. (4) establish, found, plant, constitute, institute - (set up or lay the groundwork for; "establish a new department")
Super-classes	Creation^c
Restrictions	produces^op value MentalObject^c
Sub-classes	FoundingAnOrganization^c

Foundling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foundling`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foundling' in Wordnet: 1. foundling, abandoned infant - (a child who has been abandoned and whose parents are unknown)`
Super-classes	AbandonedObject^c HumanInfant^c

Fountain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fountain`
Description	A ''Fountain'' is an ''ArtifactObject'' that can be as small as a pet animal (indoors or in a small garden) or as large as a small building (The Fountain of Trevi in ROme). Its dfining chrateristic is that it emits water, usually by having a pump to force the water out of a spout, but possibly having the water flow by gravity when such a source is available. Just about any decorative artifact that emts water will beincluded in this type. It is unclear whether a garden fountain spouting and recycling water with a Pump would be a 'structure' or a 'fount' in WN terminology, so this is the broad sense of artifact fountain. But this is for decorations, not for the drinking fountain or water cooler to provide drinkable water. Includes noun senses 1 and 4 of 'fountain' in WordNet: 1. (2) fountain - (a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises) 4. fountain, fount - (a plumbing fixture that provides a flow of water)
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Decoration^c HumanSizedObject^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Water^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Pump^c

Four-Day^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Four-Day`
Description	''Four-Day'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''FourDays'' or of Actions that take ''FourDays'' 'a four-day work week'
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Four-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Four-Year-Old`
Description	''Four-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are four years old, i.e. were created or born four years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FourDimensional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourDimensional

Description

The property of being an Object having four dimensions.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'four-dimensional' in Wordnet:
           1. four-dimensional, 4-dimensional - (involving or relating to 
              the fourth dimension or time)

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

FourFurnitureLegs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourFurnitureLegs`
Description	A 'FourFurnitureLegs' is a Group of four 'legs' on some piece of furniture - a chair or table or couch, commonly .
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c hasComponentElement^op exactly 4 supports^op value PhysicalObject^c

FourSeasons^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourSeasons`
Description	This is the Group of the four ''SeasonOfYear''s each occurring for three months, and all four comprising the full Year.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value CalendarSpring^c hasComponentElement^op value CalendarWinter^c hasComponentElement^op value CalendarAutumn^c hasComponentElement^op value CalendarSummer^c

FourWheelDriveVehicle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourWheelDriveVehicle

Description

Any vehicles that deliverspower to all four wheels.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'four-wheel drive' in WordNet:
         1. four-wheel drive, 4WD - (a motor vehicle with a four-wheel drive
              transmission system)

Super-classes RoadVehicle^c

FourYear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourYear

Description

''FourYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for four years, or plans that specify Events over the course of four years.

        'Attending a four-year college.

Super-classes LastingForSomeTime^c

FourYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourYears^c

FourYearSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourYearSchool`
Description	A ''FourYearSchool'' is any ''School'' whose course of instruction from entering to granting a degree is scheduled for four calendar years.
Super-classes	School^c
Sub-classes	College^c VocationalSchool^c Academy^c HighSchool^c

FourYearStudent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourYearStudent`
Description	A ''FourYearStudent'' is a Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'.
Super-classes	Student^c
Sub-classes	SeniorStudent^c Freshman^c SophomoreStudent^c JuniorStudent^c

Foursome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Foursome`
Description	A ''Foursome''is a ''GroupOfFourOrMorePeople'' having exactly four people in it, considered as a unit for any purpose. This could be,for example, a golf 'foursome' or singing 'quartet' or a Grooup playing some game, as of cards. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foursome' in WordNet: 1. (1) quartet, quartette, foursome - (four people considered as a unit; 'he joined a barbershop quartet'; 'the foursome teed off before 9 a.m.')`
Super-classes	GroupOfFourOrMorePeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Person^c

FourthPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourthPlace`
Description
Super-classes	ContestRank^c

Fox^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fox

Description

SUMO: Canines with a bushy tail and pointed ears and nose.
Foxes tend to be much smaller than most DomesticDogs.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fox' in WordNet:
           1. (3) fox - (alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and
               a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs)

Super-classes Canine^c
Scavenger^c

FoxTrotting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoxTrotting

Description

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'foxtrot' in WordNet:
         1. foxtrot - (dance the foxtrot)
       WN noun 'foxtrot':
         1. fox-trot, foxtrot - (a ballroom dance in quadruple time;
            combines short and long and fast and slow steps fixed sequences)

Super-classes BallroomDancing^c

FractionFrom0to1^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FractionFrom0to1`
Description	A PositiveRealNumber that is a fraction greater than or equal to zero, and less than or equal to 1. This is useful for expressing probabilities.
Super-classes	PositiveRealNumber^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1.0 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_3_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_1000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_7 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_9 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_8 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_100 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_10

FractionalComponentSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FractionalComponentSubstance`
Description	A FractionalComponentSubstance is an instance of 'SubstanceType' and a subtype of 'PhysicalSubstance' that is a component part of some other PhysicalSubstance, pointed to by the relation 'hasComponentSubstance' from the parent substance to the specific subtype of 'FractionalComponentSubstance', and has an attribute value 'isWeightFraction' that indicates what percentage of the whole substance consists of this FractionalComponentSubstance. The parent substance of which The percentage composition (which can be mass percent or volume percent) is a necessary part of the definition of each instance of this Type. Every subtype of this type must be an instance of SubstanceType. The substance that comprises that percentage in the mixture will be represented by having that substance as a parent type (if one represents it as a subtype of substance) or if representing the fractional component as an instance of substance,will have the componentsubstanceas the type of that instance. (see ''TenKaratGld'' for an example) `This odd Type is included as a way to represent fractional substance composition, which more naturally would be represented by a ternary relation [e.g., (hasFractionalComponent Air Oxygen 20%). But to accommodate the OWL binary relation restrictions, this Type is added.`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasWeightFractionRange^op only NumberRange^c isaFractionalComponentOf^op only SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	TenKaratGold^c Nitrogen_79percent^c PureGold^c Argon_1percent^c Oxygen_20percent^c
In domain of	hasParentSubstance^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gold0.999 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gold0.4167 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silver92.5pc http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copper7.5pc http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcohol65-70perCent http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcohol15-70perCent

FractionalDistillation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FractionalDistillation`
Description	Each ''FractionalDistillation'' is a ''Distilling'' (a type of ''Purifying'') in which some ''LiquidSubstanceType'' is converted into one or more other ''LiquidSubstanceType''(s) and perhaps other products or by-products. `One promininent subtype of this type is the refining of crude oil by "FractionalDistillation" into gasoline, kerosene, and other products. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fractional distillation' in WordNet: 1. fractional distillation - (fractionation of a liquid by distillation)`
Super-classes	Distilling^c ProcessiveEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op min 2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hasRequiredInput some LiquidSubstanceType^c

FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance`
Description	Each ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' is a expression describing what quantitative part of some mixture (of Objects or Substances) consists of a specific Object or Substance. There are various 'part' relations in COSMO, but this type is created to allow a description of how big a fraction of one Thing is comprised by another, using two specialized relations ''hasSalientFractionalPart'' and ''hasFractionMeasure'') to specify the details of each instance.. Each instance of ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' will specify the salient Thing whose fraction is of interest (pointed to by relation ''hasSalientFractionalPart''), and the quantitative fractional part which that Thing comprises at the start of a ''Purifying'' or ''ConcentatingaSubstance'' Event (pointed to by the relation ''hasFractionMeasure'') The Fraction measures specified by ''hasFractionMeasure'' will be ''ConcentrationMeasure'', ''WeightPerCent'' or ''Ratio'. See also related relations ''isWeightFraction'' and ''hasConcentration'' Includes noun senses 4 and 7 of 'part' in WordNet (physical parts of either natural or artifactual objects), and sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'Piece' (unclear from the example how broad sense 1 of 'piece' is):: WN 'part' in WordNet: 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') 7. (67) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite')
Super-classes	FractionalPartOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasSalientFractionalPart^op only owl:Thing^c hasFractionMeasure^op some (ConcentrationMeasure^c or Ratio^c or WeightRatio^c or VolumeRatio^c or NumberRange^c)
Sub-classes	WeightRatio^c VolumePercent^c ProofAlcohol^c VolumeRatio^c Semicircle^c WeightPercent^c
In domain of	hasFractionMeasure^op hasSalientFractionalPart^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyPercentAlcohol

FractionalPartOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FractionalPartOfSomething`
Description	Each ''FractionalPartOfSomething'' is a expression describing what quantitative part of some entity {Object(s) or Substance(s) or Event(s)s or TimeIntervals, anything that can have parts} consists of a specific {Object(s) or Substance(s) or Event(s)s or TimeInterval}. There are various 'part' relations in COSMO, but this type is created to allow a description of how big a fraction of one Thing is comprised by another, using two specialized relations ''hasSalientFractionalPart'' and ''hasFractionMeasure'') to specify the details of each instance. For PhysicalObjects or substances, the subtype ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' can be used to be more specific. Each instance of ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' will specify the salient Thing whose fraction is of interest (pointed to by relation ''hasSalientFractionalPart''), and the quantitative fractional part which that Thing comprises at the start of a ''Purifying'' or ''ConcentratingaSubstance'' Event (pointed to by the relation ''hasFractionMeasure'') The Fraction measures specified by ''hasFractionMeasure'' will be ''ConcentrationMeasure'', ''FractionFrom0to1'' or ''Ratio'. NOTE: instances will in general point to the 'something' of which it is a 'SalientFractionalPart' but that is not reqired, as some subtypes may be more general and not have specific parts of reference. See also related relations ''isWeightFraction'' and ''hasConcentration'' Includes noun senses 4 and 7 of 'part' in WordNet (physical parts of either natural or artifactual objects), and sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'Piece' (unclear from the example how broad sense 1 of 'piece' is): in WordNet: WN 'part' 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') 7. (67) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite')
Super-classes	Part^c
Restrictions	hasSalientFractionalPart^op only owl:Thing^c hasFractionMeasure^op some (ConcentrationMeasure^c or Ratio^c or FractionFrom0to1^c or Quantifier^c)
Sub-classes	FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c FractionalPartOfaGroup^c

FractionalPartOfaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FractionalPartOfaGroup`
Description	Each ''FractionalPartOfaGroup'' is a expression describing what fraction of the members of a Group (of any kind) consists of individual members of some specific kind. Groups can consist of any kind of entities, so the knd of thing that forms the fraction of interest can be of ay kind. The fraction itself will be a ''Ratio''. The ''Ratio'''will not necessarily be dimensionless, since the type of each member may be of interest in the expression of a ''FractionalPartOfaGroup''. The Type of the proportion of interest is pointed to by the relation ''hasSalientFractionalPart'', and the fraction that is part is pointed to by the relation ''hasFractionMeasure'' (which will take a ''Ratio'' as value. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 and 7 of 'part' in WN (not requiring that the thing whose part is of interest is an artifact) in WordNet: 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together')
Super-classes	FractionalPartOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasSalientFractionalPart^op some owl:Thing^c hasFractionMeasure^op some (Ratio^c or FractionFrom0to1^c or Quantifier^c)
Sub-classes	Majority^c TwoOutOfThree^c Minority^c

Fractionation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fractionation`
Description	Each ''Fractionation'' is an ''IndustrialProcessiveEvent'' that processes some ''PhysicalSubstance'' to produce more than one ''Artifact-Generic''. This is not necessarily performed as a commercial Action; it can be for research or as a hobby. The ''SubstanceType's produced can be solid, liquid, or gas. `NOTE: this type of Action does not require heating, though it usually does. This includes fractional crystallization as a well as ''FractionalDistillation''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'fractionation' in WordNet: 1. (2) fractionation, fractional process - (a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components)`
Super-classes	ProcessiveEvent^c Purifying^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hasRequiredInput some SubstanceType^c produces^op some SubstanceType^c

Fractured^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fractured

Description

This is the subtype of 'Cracked' specifically referring to fractured ('broken') bones.

    NOTE: The CYC entity is an Object, but in COSMO it is
       an ''AttributeValue''.
    The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible
        that have been cracked but not completely shattered.
        Something that has been fractured or has a fractured part
        will often retain physical integrity, but will usually have
        its functionality impaired in some way.

        NO WN adj sense for 'fractured'.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Damaged^c

FracturedBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FracturedBone`
Description	A ''FracturedBone'' is a ''bone'' that has been fractured (or broken) in a ''FracturingaBone'' event.
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fractured^c isProducedByEventType^op value FracturingaBone^c

FracturingaBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FracturingaBone`
Description	''FracturingaBone'' is the Intransitive Event that causes the state of ''BeingFractured'', and is a necessary subEvent of the transitive Action ''BreakingaBone''. `Corresponds to (intransitive) verb sense 4 of 'fracture' in WordNet: 4. fracture - (become fractured; 'The tibia fractured from the blow of the iron pipe')`
Super-classes	CrackingEvent^c DamagingEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value BeingFractured^c isaSubEventOf^op value BreakingaBone^c hadDamagedObject^op value Bone^c hadMainParticipant^op value Bone^c produces^op value FracturedBone^c
Sub-classes	BreakingaBone^c

Fragile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fragile

Description

''Durable'' is an attribute that specifies that some ArtifactObject can last (serve its purpose) longer than other
artifacts of the same type (intended purpose). This attribute is relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context.

     Includes but is not llimited to adjective sense 2 of 'durable' in WordNet:
         2. durable, long-wearing - (serviceable for a long time; 'durable denim jeans')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Fragment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fragment`
Description	A ''Fragment'' is a small ''PieceOfAnObject'' created by an Event (which can be natural) of ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fragment' in Wordnet: 1. (10) fragment - (a piece broken off or cut off of something else; 'a fragment of rock')`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c PieceOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaSmallPartOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) wasaPhysicalPartOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value BreakingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Chip^c BurningSpark^c Shard^c Paring^c

FragmentGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FragmentGroup`
Description	A ''FragmentGroup'' is a group of ''Fragment''s, created by an Event (which can be natural) of ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fragment' in Wordnet: 1. (10) fragment - (a piece broken off or cut off of something else; "a fragment of rock")`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Fragment^c isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Cuttings^c

Fragmentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fragmentation`
Description	''Fragmentation'' is the breaking a PhysicalObject into at least two small parts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fragmentation' in WordNet: 1. (1) atomization, atomisation, fragmentation - (separating something into fine particles)`
Super-classes	DividingSomethingIntoParts^c
Restrictions	produces^op min 2

Fragmented^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fragmented`
Description	This sense of ''Fragmented'' is very general and can apply to human Groups or ideas as well as physical objects. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fragmented' in Wordnet: 1. disconnected, disunited, fragmented, split - (having been divided; having the unity destroyed; "Congress...gave the impression of...a confusing sum of disconnected local forces"-Samuel Lubell; "a league of disunited nations"- E.B.White; "a fragmented coalition"; "a split group")`
Super-classes	Divided^c
Sub-classes	BrokenIntoPieces^c Shattered^c

Fragmenting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fragmenting`
Description	''Fragmenting'' is the breaking a PhysicalObject into at least two parts. For breaking into small parts use subtype ''Fragmentation''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fragment' in WordNet: 1. break up, fragment, fragmentize, fragmentise - (break or cause to break into pieces; 'The plate fragmented') WN noun 'fragmentation' (part - for any size pieces): 1. (1) atomization, atomisation, fragmentation - (separating something into fine particles)`
Super-classes	DividingSomethingIntoParts^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Fragmented^c produces^op value FragmentGroup^c

Fragrance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fragrance`
Description	An 'OdorousGas' that is pleasant. `Distinguishes between gas and 'odor'. This is the gas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fragrance' in WordNet; however, in WordNet 'fragrance' is a subtype of 'smell', represented as a Sensation in COSMO, and in COSMO this type 'Fragrance' is a subtype of the property 'Odor', not the sensation: in WordNet: 1. (1) aroma, fragrance, perfume, scent - (a distinctive odor that is pleasant)`
Super-classes	OdorousGas^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fragrant^c

Fragrant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fragrant`
Description	''Fragrant'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of a ''Odor'' that is ''Pleasant'', or of something emitting that odor. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fragrant' and sense 2 of 'aromatic; in WordNet: 1. (2) fragrant - (pleasant-smelling) WN adj 'aromatic': 2. aromatic, redolent - (having a strong pleasant odor; 'the pine woods were more redolent'- Jean Stafford)`
Super-classes	Pleasant^c OdorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Scented^c

Frame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frame`
Description	A physical border or frame that encloses or 'contains' or otherwise marks a boundary, e.g. a picture frame, a window frame (one around the portal, and one around the panes of glass), a television screen frame, etc. This is NOT the AI use of the word 'frame'; and it is not a building frame, for that use the parent type 'Framework'. `Includes part of but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'frame' in WordNet: 1. (7) framework, frame, framing - (a structure supporting or containing something)`
Super-classes	Framework^c ContainerArtifact^c
Sub-classes	WindowFrame^c PictureFrame^c Hull^c

Framed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Framed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'framed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) framed - (provided with a frame; 'there were framed snapshots of family and friends on her desk')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value PhysicalObject^c

Framework^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Framework`
Description	A PhysicalObject artifact (SolidTangibleArtifact) that forms a Network of pieces and serves as a structural support for other objects fastened to it or from it. This is more general than a ''CrissCross'' in that it can be in three dimensions. `A Framework is an Artifact; a Skeleton cannot be considered as a Framework, though it has an analogous natural function. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'framework' and sense 1 of 'frame' in Wordnet: 3. framework, frame, framing - (a structure supporting or containing something)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Network^c
Sub-classes	SawHorse^c Frame^c Mounting^c BuildingFrame^c Walker^c Crutch^c Chassis^c SkirtHoop^c JungleGym^c Grating^c

FramingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FramingaPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'frame' in WordNet: 3. (1) ensnare, entrap, frame, set up - (take or catch as if in a snare or trap; 'I was set up!'; 'The innocent man was framed by the police') WN noun 'frame-up': 1. frame-up, setup - (an act that incriminates someone on a false charge)`
Super-classes	Lying^c Accusing^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value FalseEvidence^c

FramingaPicture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FramingaPicture`
Description	''FramingaPicture'' is a specific subtype of ''Enclosing'' for placing a ''FreeSheet'' (a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'') that has writing or graphic content, into a ''PictureFrame'' that is a flat Object that is designed to hold flat documents or pictures, and conceal only at most the edges, while allowing most of the document or picture to be viewed - while itself being hung on a wall or placed on some surface for display. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'frame' in WordNet: 2. (3) frame - (enclose in a frame, as of a picture)`
Super-classes	MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c Enclosing^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some PictureFrame^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Framed^c
Sub-classes	ReframingSomething^c

Franchise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Franchise

Description

An ''Franchise'' is a Permission granted by some business (a 'Concessionaire')

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'franchise' in WordNet:
        1. (2) franchise - (an authorization to sell
            a company's goods or services in a particular place)

Super-classes Permission^c

Francium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Francium

Description

This is the substance ''Francium'', a radoactive element. This is not (as in CYC) an 'object'.

       CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby
        molecules) of francium; typically, these will be tightly
        bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'francium' in WordNet:
          1. francium, Fr, atomic number 87 - 
              (a radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered 
              as a disintegration product of actinium)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
RadioactiveSubstance^c
ChemicalElement^c
AlkaliMetal^c

Frank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frank`
Description	Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'candid' in Wordnet: 1. (1) blunt, candid, forthright, frank, free-spoken, outspoken, plainspoken, point-blank, straight-from-the-shoulder - (characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion; 'blunt talking and straight shooting'; 'a blunt New England farmer'; ' I gave them my candid opinion'; 'forthright criticism'; 'a forthright approach to the problem'; 'tell me what you think - and you may just as well be frank'; 'it is possible to be outspoken without being rude'; 'plainspoken and to the point'; 'a point-blank accusation')
Super-classes	Honest^c
Sub-classes	StraightforwardAndSquare^c

Frankfurter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frankfurter

Description

     Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hotdog' in WordNet:
       3. frank, frankfurter, hotdog, hot dog, dog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie -
           (a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked;
           often served on a bread roll)

Super-classes Sausage^c

Frantically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frantically

Description

''Frantically'' is an AdverbialModifier that includes the adverbial forms of both ''Frenzied'' and ''Unrestrained''

           Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'frantically' in Wordnet:
             1. (5) frantically - (in an uncontrolled manner; 'they searched frantically for their child')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Fraternity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fraternity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fraternity' in WordNet: 1. (1) fraternity, frat - (a social club for male undergraduates)`
Super-classes	SocialOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only MaleUndergraduate^c

Fraud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fraud`
Description	A ''Fraud'' is a subtype of ''TrickingSomeone'' in which the tricked Person not only performs some action but that action causes some harm to the ''LegalAgent'' (usually a Person, sometimes an Organization) deceived. Most commonly, the person deceived loses some money. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fraud' in WordNet: 1. (5) fraud - (intentional deception resulting in injury to another person)`
Super-classes	TrickingSomeone^c HarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op some LegalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Embezzling^c

Fraudulent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fraudulent

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fraudulent' in Wordnet:
           1. deceitful, fallacious, fraudulent - (intended to deceive;
              'deceitful advertising'; 'fallacious testimony'; 'smooth, shining, and deceitful
              as thin ice' - S.T.Coleridge; 'a fraudulent scheme to escape paying taxes')

Super-classes Misleading^c

Fraught^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fraught

Description

''Fraught'' is a vague attribute aserting that the thing characterized has some related Significance, or some Salient consequence or implication. Linguistically the word 'fraught' in this sense is usually followed by 'with'.

      RHW: 1. fraught with, full of; accompanied by; involving: a task fraught with danger.
    meaning, substance
         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'fraught' in Wordnet:
           2. fraught, pregnant - (filled with or attended with; 
              'words fraught with meaning'; 'an incident fraught with danger';
              'a silence pregnant with suspense')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Fray^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fray`
Description	A ''Fray'' is a noisy ''Fight-Physical'' involving more than two people that is not a military action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fray' in WordNet: 1. affray, disturbance, fray, ruffle - (a noisy fight)`
Super-classes	Fight-Physical^c
Restrictions	causes^op value LoudNoise^c isPerformedBy^op min 3 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Noisy^c

Frayed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frayed

Description

''Frayed'' is a subAttribute of ''Tattered'' used for a ''FabricObject'' that has been visibly worn at the edge by use, though not necessarily worn elsewere..

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frayed' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) frayed - (worn away or tattered along the edges; 'frayed cuffs')

Super-classes Tattered^c

Fraying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fraying`
Description	''Fraying'' is an Event in which the edge of some ''Fabric'' becomes noticeably worn, possibly having individual threads sticking out. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fray' in WordNet: 1. fray, frazzle - (wear away by rubbing; 'The friction frayed the sleeve')`
Super-classes	AbradingSomething^c Rubbing^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some FabricObject^c

Freak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freak`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freak' in WordNet: 1. (4) freak, monster, monstrosity, lusus naturae - (a person or animal that is markedly unusual or deformed)`
Super-classes	Mutant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mutated^c isProducedByEventType^op value Mutating^c

Freckle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freckle`
Description	A pigmented Spot (small enough to be only a ''Speckle'') of Skin on a person's skin, usually brown or reddish-orange in color. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freckle' in WordNet: 1. (1) freckle, lentigo - - (a small brownish spot (of the pigment melanin) on the skin)`
Super-classes	Skin^c PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c SolidObject^c Speckle^c AnimalBodyRegion^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Skin^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Melanin^c

Freckled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freckled

Description

An Attribute of a surface (usually a human face) that has at least two and usually multiple ''Freckles''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of freckled' in Wordnet:
            1. freckled, lentiginous, lentiginose - (relating to or covered with or resembling freckles)

Super-classes Spotted^c

Freckles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freckles`
Description	A Group of ''Freckle''s on the surface of Skin.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Freckle^c isLocatedAt^op value Skin^c

Free^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Free

Description

'Free'is a very broad Attribute of animals meaning 'unconstrained', that needs to be interpreted in a specific context. It may mean 'not in prison' or 'not in a cage' or any of many ways that can indicate that some person or animal is no longer constrained by some forces that had or might have constrained it.

 For the meaning 'cost free' or 'gratis' use ''CostFree''.

 To be more specific about freedom and constraint,see
 'isaFreedomFrom' and 'Limitation'.

 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'free' and sense 1 of 'unconstrained' in WordNet:
 1. (38) free - (able to act at will; not hampered; not under
    compulsion or restraint; 'free enterprise'; 'a free port'; 
    'a free country'; 'I have an hour free'; 'free will'; 'free of racism'; 
    'feel free to stay as long as you wish'; 'a free choice')
  WN adjective 'unconstrained':
    1. unconstrained - (free from constraint; 'he was unconstrained by any 
       of the sanctions of polite society'; 'the dog was unconstrained'; 
       'idle, unconstrained gossip')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Free-ReedInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Free-ReedInstrument`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'free-reed instrument' in WordNet: 1. free-reed instrument - (a wind instrument with a free reed)`
Super-classes	WindInstrument-Musical^c
Sub-classes	Accordion^c

FreeLiving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreeLiving

Description

''FreeLiving'' is a subtype of ''Alive'' and is an attribute of an Organism that is no longer contained within another organism as part of its development process, and has experienced a ''BirthEvent''.

    This distinction allows referring to a Fetus or Embryo as ''Alive'' even though
    it is not ''FreeLiving'', and this connotes various distinctive properties.
            perhaps call this 'BornAlive'??

    This sense does not imply, as does the WN gloss a 'non-parasitic' state-
       that could be a subtype. (usually one wants to specify 'parasitic')

      Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'free-living' in WordNet,
        but the WN gloss is not clear as to whether being 'not parasitic' also excludes 
         being in a fetal stage of development, which this sense does exclude:
        in WordNet:
          1. free-living, nonparasitic, nonsymbiotic - (not parasitic on another organism)

Super-classes Alive^c
PastParticiple^c

FreeMarket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreeMarket`
Description	A ''FreeMarket'' is an ''EconomicSystem'' in which prices and production of goods and services are determined solely by demand and willingness of entrepreneurs to develop and produce such goods and services, without interference of regulation by government. In modern economies, markets are never completely free, and degrees of 'FreeMarket' freedom vary fromcontry to country and industrial sector to industrial sector and time to time, as regulations are imposed or rescinded. . The term 'free market' is used in a vague manner by politicians.
Super-classes	EconomicSystem^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ProducingGoodsAndServices^c hasComponentElement^op value Selling^c isaPartOf^op value NationalEconomy^c

FreeMonomerUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreeMonomerUnit`
Description	A ''FreeMonomerUnit'' is the substance that is linked together to produce a ''Polymer'' (or for heteropolymers, one of the substances). `For example, in polyethylene, 'ethylene' is the ''FreeMonomerUnit''; in a ''NucleicAcid'', one or more 'Nucleotide's would be the ''FreeMonomerUnit''s. When bonded in the polymer it is referred to as a ''MonomerUnit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monomer' in WordNet: 1. (1) monomer - (a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Nucleotide^c

FreeRide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreeRide`
Description	A ''FreeRide'' is a 'RidingAsAPassenger' in which the Person riding as passenger does not pay the driver or any service group for the service, and does not incur an obligation, as would be the case in a car pool.. `Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'lift' in WordNet: 11. lift - (a ride in a car; 'he gave me a lift home')`
Super-classes	RidingAsAPassenger^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CostFree^c

FreeSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreeSheet`
Description	COSMO note: a FreeSheet may be sewn or woven into shapes that form a continuous loop, such as a piece of clothing such as a T-shirt or pair of pants. The important criterion is to be SheetLike and have tow sides open to contact with other objects. It may actually consist of two or more sheets layered to form a thicker sheet. COSMO note: we classify 'WallPaperSheet' as a FreeSheet though when used it will have one side attached to some surface. The important criterion is that it have two sides exposed at some time (as contrasted with the surface portion of a solid object, which always has one side attached to the remainder of the object). CYC: A specialization of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Each instance of #$FreeSheet is a sheet of tangible stuff that has two sides open to the environment. That is, over most of each of its surfaces, it is not related by #$sheetSurfaceConnected (q.v.) with something else. Specializations include #$SheetOfPaper, #$Towel, #$Fence, and #$CreditCard.
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SheetLike^c
Sub-classes	Rudder^c Hide^c WallBoard^c BasketballNet^c WashCloth^c Panel^c SquareSheet^c Bedcloth^c SheetOfPaper^c PerforatedSheet^c Screen^c Pillowcase^c SheetArtifact^c Parchment^c

FreeSpaceRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreeSpaceRegion`
Description	A region of space containing gas or liquid or vacuum or matter more rarified than a gas - neither a physical object nor a physical substance. A FreeSpaceRegion is a Region in which PhysicalObjects can move, but it is only the space, and not the contents of that space. A FreeSpaceRegion can be defined by the space occupied by some object, as in 'UnderWater'. Thus locations in the Ocean may be a 'FreeSpaceRegion', but the water in that region is merely present or located in that region, the water is not the region itself. Cyc ('EmptySpaceRegion') A specialization of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical whose instances are connected regions of empty space located in the empirically observable universe. The meaning of empty depends on context. In a high-energy physics microtheory where empty is defined as containing no particles, an empty space region would be a complete vacuum (see also #$Vacuum). In #$AmbientConditionsMt an empty space region would be occupied by a piece of #$Atmosphere. An undersea context could treat empty space regions as filled with seawater. An instance of #$EmptySpaceRegion is intangible, and not to be confused with the material - if any - that occupies it (cf. #$FreeSpaceContent). NOTE: WN has no exact entry for this type. The sense 2 of 'space' appears to cover both ''FreeSpaceRegion'' and ''SpatialArea'', in part because WN does not distinguish between a ''Region'' of space and the PhysicalObjects contained within that place. The synset below is used for both, but the two concepts are disjoint. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'space' in WordNet: 2. (18) space - (an empty area (usually bounded in some way between things); 'the architect left space in front of the building'; 'they stopped at an open space in the jungle'; 'the space between his teeth')
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Empty^c
Sub-classes	Void^c AvailableSpace^c UnderWater^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphereRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpaceVacuum

FreeThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreeThing`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$TemporalThings that are available at no cost. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freebie' in WordNet: 1. freebie, freebee - (something that is free (usually provided as part of a promotional scheme); 'the road map was a freebie')`
Super-classes	HeterogeneousCategory^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CostFree^c

FreeWeight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreeWeight`
Description	A weight used in a WeightliftingSportsEvent. This includes individual metal or plastic discs (with a hole in the center) that can be inserted on a rod (a 'barbell') as well as an assembly of such discs supported on a barbell, and also one-piece ''Dumbbell-Weight''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'free weight' in WordNet: 1. weight, free weight, exercising weight - (sports equipment used in calisthenic exercises and weightlifting; it is not attached to anything and is raised and lowered by use of the hands and arms)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c Device-SingleUser^c SmallObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c SportsEquipment^c WeightDevice^c
Restrictions	isMovedInEvent^op value WeightLifting^c isUsedInAction^op value WeightLifting^c
Sub-classes	Dumbbell-Weight^c

Freedom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freedom`
Description	''Freedom'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which something is ''Free'', which is to have the ability to act without some ''Limitation'' (constraint). There are many kinds of freedom, as many as there are potential constraints: the constraint from which one is free should be specified by the relation 'isaFreedomFrom' (pointing to an instance of 'Limitation'), or if the 'Freedom' is expressed in a positive sense, the Action one is free to do should be pointed to by 'isaFreedomToDo' (pointing to a type of Action). This is similar to a ''Right'' in enabling (socially,not physically) aome ''Action''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freedom' in WordNet: 1. (26) freedom - (the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Free^c isTheAbsenceOf^op some (Limitation^c or LimitationType^c or EventType^c or Limitation^c or LimitationType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or AttributeValueType^c) isaFreedomFrom^op some (Limitation^c or LimitationType^c or EventType^c or Limitation^c or LimitationType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or AttributeValueType^c)
Sub-classes	PersonalFreedom^c Independence^c FreedomToAct^c Immunity^c FreedomOfChoice^c Liberty^c

Freedom-Emotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freedom-Emotion`
Description	Pleasant emotion associated with situations where the person believes themself to be relatively unconstrained in their behavior, not controlled by others.
Super-classes	EmotionalState^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	Leisure^c

FreedomOfChoice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreedomOfChoice`
Description	''FreedomOfChoice'' is a form of ''Freedom'' in which every Person is allowed to pursue ther own interests that do not infringe other pople's similar ''FreedomOfChoice'', without arbitrary restraint by authorities, especially governmental authorities. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'liberty' in WordNet: 2. (2) liberty - (freedom of choice; 'liberty of opinion'; 'liberty of worship'; 'liberty--perfect liberty-to think or feel or do just as one pleases'; 'at liberty to choose whatever occupation one wishes')`
Super-classes	Freedom^c
Restrictions	isaFreedomFrom^op value Restraint^c hadMainParticipant^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Licence^c

FreedomToAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreedomToAct`
Description	''FreedomToAct'' is a ''FreedomOfChoice'' in performing some Action where alternatives are available. Often labelled ''discretion'. 'the choice is at your discretion'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discretion' in WordNet: 1. (5) discretion - (freedom to act or judge on one's own)`
Super-classes	Freedom^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Person^c

Freelance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freelance`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'freelance' in Wordnet: 1. freelance, self-employed - (working for yourself)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FreelanceWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreelanceWorker`
Description	A ''FreelanceWorker'' is a ''Person'' who does not have a 'regular job' - is not an ''Employee' of some LegalAgent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freelance' in WordNet: 1. freelance, independent, self-employed person - (a writer or artist who sells services to different employers without a long-term contract with any of them)`
Super-classes	GenericWorker^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Freelance^c

Freely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freely

Description

''Freely'' is a broadly applicable AdverbialModifier
that modifies Actions to express the notion that the Action characterized was performed without some restraint of any of various kinds - physical constraint on movement, mental constraint or inhibition, hindrance by obstacles and others. The broad applicability reflects the broad applicability of the base adjective 'free'.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'freely' in Wordnet:
           1. (8) freely - (in a free manner; 'the painting featured freely brushed strokes')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

FreestyleRace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreestyleRace

Description

The term 'freestyle' is mostly used in swimming races, where thereare vrious 'styles' of swimming that are defined and required in different ''Race''s. Where there are other sports having competitions using sdifferent styles of the same basic activity, the term 'freestyle' may also apply, but this is for 'freestyle' subtypes of racing.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freestyle' in WordNet:
         1. freestyle - (a race (as in swimming) in which each contestant 
              has a free choice of the style to use)

Super-classes Race^c

Freeze^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freeze`
Description	'Freeze'' is a ''TemperatureSituation'' in which the air temperature is below 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 deg C). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'freeze' in WordNet: 2. freeze, frost - (weather cold enough to cause freezing)`
Super-classes	TemperatureSituation^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Cold^c

Freezer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freezer

Description

An ElectricDevice designed to maintain a temperature below 0 centigrade in a compartment that can hold items requiring refrigeration. A Freezer may be part of a Refrigerator, or may be a stand-alone Freezer.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freezer' in Wordnet:
           1. deep-freeze, Deepfreeze, deep freezer, freezer - (electric refrigerator
             (trade name Deepfreeze) in which food is frozen and stored for long periods of time)

Super-classes ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c
RefrigeratedStorageDevice^c

Freezing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freezing

Description

A specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Each instance of #$Freezing is an event in which an object is cooled to a temperature at or below its freezing point (see the predicate #$freezingPoint), and is thereby changed from a #$Liquid-StateOfMatter to a #$Solid-StateOfMatter.

        NOTE: this is not just for water!!

        SUMO: The Class of Processes where an Object is 
        cooled and converted from a Liquid to a Solid.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freezing' and includes transitive verb senses
          1 and 4 and intransitive sense 7 of 'freeze' in WordNet:
          1. freeze, freezing - (the withdrawal of heat to change something 
            from a liquid to a solid)
         WN verb 'freeze':
           1. (7) freeze - (change to ice; 'The water in the bowl froze')
           4. (1) freeze - (cause to freeze; 'Freeze the leftover food')
           7. freeze, freeze out, freeze down - (change from a liquid to
               a solid when cold; 'Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit')

Super-classes HeatProductionProcess^c
CoolingProcess^c
Solidification^c

FreightCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreightCar`
Description	A ''FreightCar'' is a ''RailroadCar'' designed to transport freight, rather than passengers.
Super-classes	RailroadCar^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Cargo^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FreightTrain^c
Sub-classes	CoalCar^c BoxCar^c

FreightTrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreightTrain`
Description	CYC: The collection of all freight trains. These are trains whose #$primaryFunction is to transport goods, not paying #$passengers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freight train' in Wordnet: 1. freight train, rattler - (a railroad train consisting of freight cars)`
Super-classes	Train-TransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Cargo^c hasPhysicalPart^op value FreightCar^c

French^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#French

Description

''French'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''France''. This is usually written with a capital 'F'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'French' in WordNet:
        1. (11) French, Gallic - (of or pertaining to France or the people of France; 
        'French cooking'; 'a Gallic shrug')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

FrenchDressing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchDressing

Description

       NOTE:  there is only one sense of ''FrenchDressing'' in WN, which is represented by
           'Vinagrette''. This is for the more common sense, as defined in RHW:
          2.  a creamy and often sweet dressing, usually orange in color.

Super-classes SaladDressing^c

FrenchFries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchFries`
Description	Each ''FrenchFries''' is a ''SideDish'' consisting of Potatoes cut into elongated block-like pieces, and deep-fried in fat. Often salted to enhance the taste. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'french fries' in WordNet: 1. french fries, french-fried potatoes, fries - (strips of potato fried in deep fat)`
Super-classes	SideDish^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Potato-Foodstuff^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value MultiCourseMeal^c

FrenchPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchPerson

Description

This is the collection of people who are #$citizens of #$France, or participate in its #$NationalCulture.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'French person' in WordNet:
            1. (5) Frenchman, Frenchwoman, French person - (a person of French nationality)

Super-classes PersonByNationality^c
Person^c

FrenchToast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchToast`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'French toast' in Wordnet: 1. French toast - (bread slice dipped in egg and milk and fried; topped with sugar or fruit or syrup)`
Super-classes	FriedFoodObject^c SliceOfBread^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Egg-Foodstuff^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Milk^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op value LoafOfBread^c

Frenzied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frenzied

Description

''Frenzied'' is an intense degree of ''Agitated''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frenzied' in Wordnet:
         2. frantic, frenetic, phrenetic, frenzied - (excessively agitated; 
            transported with rage or other violent emotion; 'frantic with anger and frustration'; 
            'frenetic screams followed the accident'; 'a frenzied look in his eye')

Super-classes Agitated^c

Frenzy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frenzy

Description

       NOTE: this is the only sense of 'frenzy' in WN; the
         RHW sense 1 of 'frenzy' appears to be a state of excitement that does not imply 
           a true mental disorder and may  be temporary.
           It is included here, but should be distinguished.
        1.  extreme mental agitation; wild excitement or derangement.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frenzy' in WordNet:
          1. (6) craze, delirium, frenzy, fury, hysteria - (state of violent mental agitation)

Super-classes Mania^c
Agitation^c

Freon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freon

Description

Substance used in air conditioners for heat transfer. Gaseous at room temperature and pressure but in liquid state in cooling systems.

        RHW: a brand name for any of a class of liquid or gaseous 
          fluorocarbon or chlorofluorocarbon products, used chiefly 
          as refrigerants.

        NO WN sense for 'freon'.

Super-classes Gas^c
Chlorofluorocarbon^c
FluidSubstance^c

Frequency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frequency`
Description	The number of things that occur in some unit of time. NOTE: the units and measures to express things occurring in some time interval in COSMO are organized in four classes, the first three of which are UnitsOfMeasure: FrequencyUnit: reciprocal time units, as ;perSecond', 'perHour', 'perYear' Frequency: number of (something) that occurs in some time unit, as '5 perHour', '2 perDay' RateUnit: the type of things that occur in some time unit, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. RateMeasure: a 'Measurement' which is a Pair having a Quantifier and a RateUnit, as in '2 dosesPerDay', '100 carsPerDay', '20 metersPerSecond', Cyc: A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$Frequency is the number of times something happens during some time interval. Instances of #$Frequency may be either single values (see the collection #$ScalarPointValue), such as 103 kiloHertz, or a range of values, such as #$Rarely. Note that instances of #$Frequency are important in the characterization of types of #$WavePropagation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frequency' in Wordnet: 1. (12) frequency, frequence, oftenness - (the number of occurrences within a given time period; 'the frequency of modulation was 40 cycles per second'; 'the frequency of his seizures increased as he grew older')
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some Quantifier^c hasUnit^op some FrequencyUnit^c
Sub-classes	Bandwidth^c BitsPerSecond^c CyclesPerSecondMeasure^c FrequencyPerYear^c FrequencyPerDay^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#triweekly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nightly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#quarterly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#bimonthly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Once http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#biweekly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hourly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#annually http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#quadrennial http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#biyearly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#weekly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#monthly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#daily

FrequencyAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrequencyAttributeValue`
Description	Each subtype of 'FrequencyAttributeValue' is a QualitativeAttributeValue describing the number of times that an Event occurs within some interval of time. This is related to the numerical frequency (events per unit time) by the relation 'hasFrequency'. USAGE note: note that an EventType may be described as occurring with a certain frequency by using the 'hasFrequency' relation. However, this attribute value may be attributed to any entity, to express the fact that certain events occurring with a certain frequency are associated (in some way) with that entity. At present (rev1097) manner of association is not specified by this attributeValue itself, but the manner of association should be specified somehow (by another relation?) - @ToDo. E.g. number of sales per year (for an organization), number of home runs per season (for a person), number of hurricanes per year (for a country or geographical region), number of bombing runs per day (for a military force). In itself, this attribute may be non-quantitative, depending somewhat on context, such as 'Frequent' or 'Infrequent', which would refer to some expected norm for an EventType. But instances of this 'QualitativeAttributeValue' will generally be linked to a 'Frequency' Note that 'frequency' may refer to an average frequency over some time interval, or number of times within some specific unit of time, e.g. 'revolutions per second' may refer to some average over many seconds, or to the number of Events within some specific second.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasEventType^op some EventType^c hasFrequency^op some Frequency^c
Sub-classes	Infrequent^c Exotic^c Alienish^c Bizarre^c Occasional^c ServiceFrequency^c Quaint^c Regular^c
In domain of	hasEventType^op

FrequencyPerDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrequencyPerDay`
Description	The number of things that occur in the span of one Day. This serves in place of a simple datatype property, but can be translated directly to datatype if required.
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c Frequency^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perDay^c

FrequencyPerYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrequencyPerYear`
Description	The number of things that occur in the span of one year. Used, for example, as a value of property 'hasFrequency' in 'PassengersCarriedPerYear'. This serves in place of a simple datatype property, but can be translated directly to datatype if required.
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c Frequency^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perYear^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwicePerYear http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourMillionPerYear

FrequencyUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrequencyUnit`
Description	The unit that expresses the interval of time in which some number of things occur: perHour, perMinute, etc. A 'FrequencyUnit' can combine with some other Thing to create a RateUnit, as in 'metersPerSecond', which is also a UnitOfmeasure. NOTE: the units and measures to express things occurring in some time interval in COSMO are organized in four classes, the first three of which are UnitsOfMeasure: FrequencyUnit: reciprocal time units, as ;perSecond', 'perHour', 'perYear' Frequency: number of (something) that occurs in some time unit, as '5 perHour', '2 perDay' RateUnit: the type of things that occur in some time unit, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. RateMeasure: a 'Measurement' which is a Pair having a Quantifier and a RateUnit, as in '2 dosesPerDay', '100 carsPerDay', '20 metersPerSecond',
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclesPerSecond http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perSecond http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perWeek http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perMinute http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perLifeTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perYear http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perHour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perDay http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perMonth

Frequent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frequent`
Description	'Frequent' is a qualitative attribute that refers to the measure 'Frequency' but is highly context sensitive, and cannot be assigned to any one value of Frequency.or even to a minimum Frequency. As with 'big' and 'long' and many other qualitative attributes, this AttributeValue must be interpreted in the context of 'normal' values of Frequency for the Event being described. `For the adverbial forms, use ''Frequently'' (AdverbialModifier) or ''often''. The second WN sense 'frequently encountered' is closer to the meaning of 'common' as in 'a common error'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frequent' in WordNet: 1. (9) frequent - (coming at short intervals or habitually; 'a frequent guest'; 'frequent complaints')`
Super-classes	Recurring^c
Sub-classes	Banal^c Habitual^c Everyday^c

FrequentMoodSwings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrequentMoodSwings`
Description	''FrequentMoodSwings'' is an ''ActionSeries'' performed by a Person who performs a ''ChangingMoods'' more frequently than most people.
Super-classes	ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Frequently^c hasComponentElement^op value ChangingMoods^c

Frequently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frequently`
Description	''Frequently'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that action is performed repeatedly over some time interval. `For a coresponding rate measure use ''often''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'frequently' in WordNet: 1. (42) frequently, often, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes - (many times at short intervals; 'we often met over a cup of coffee')`
Super-classes	Repeatedly^c
Sub-classes	Uninterruptedly^c Constantly^c

FrequentlyVisitingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrequentlyVisitingaPlace`
Description	''FrequentlyVisitingaPlace'' is a ''VisitingaPlace'' performed by a ''Group'' of one or more People that occurs more than three times in some interval of time less than a few decades.
Super-classes	VisitingaPlace^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#often^c isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasManner^op value Frequently^c

Fresco^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fresco

Description

A ''Fresco'' is a ''Mural'' located on some ''Wall'' and created by applying paint to wet plaster.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fresco' in WordNet:
         1. fresco - (a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster)

Super-classes Mural^c

Fresh^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fresh

Description

'Fresh' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes Food or FoodObjects that are 'fresh', meaning recently prepared and not spoiled or stale.

      Corresponds to part of adjective senses 1 of 'fresh' and sense 5
      in WordNet:
        1. (16) fresh - (recently made, produced, or harvested;
            'fresh bread'; 'a fresh scent')
        5. (2) fresh - (not canned or otherwise preserved; 'fresh vegetables')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

FreshBakedGoods^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreshBakedGoods`
Description	COSMO note: this category is interpreted as baked food objects that are fresh. In Cyc this is a substance. `Cyc: Class of baked goods that are sold on the same day they are baked (typically). They differ from other baked goods in their superior aesthetic quality, lack of preservatives, and (often) in being sold in a separate location.`
Super-classes	BakedFoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fresh^c

FreshFoodOrDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreshFoodOrDrink`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$FoodOrDrink whose nutritional or gustatory quality is acceptable but deteriorating rapidly and must be eaten within a fairly short period (usually a few days or less) to be healthful and/or palatable. In other words, instances of #$FreshFoodOrDrink have a fairly short #$shelfLife. Instances of #$FreshFoodOrDrink have not yet undergone an instance of #$Spoiling and are still edible, but if they are not eaten they undergo #$Spoiling and become instances of #$SpoiledFood.
Super-classes	FoodOrDrink^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fresh^c

FreshWaterFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreshWaterFish`
Description	A Fish whose natural habitat is a ''BodyOfFreshWater'', such as a lake or stream..
Super-classes	Fish^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value BodyOfFreshWater^c
Sub-classes	Carp^c Guppy^c

FreshWaterObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreshWaterObject`
Description	An object composed of fresh water, such as a lake or stream. This can include some quantity of 'tap water' or the contents of a 'bottle of water'.
Super-classes	EcologicalPlace^c ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c LiquidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water-Fresh^c
Sub-classes	BodyOfFreshWater^c

Freshman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freshman

Description

A ''Freshman'' is a ''FourYearStudent'' who is a first-year Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freshman' in WordNet:
           2. (1) newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, freshman, 
              newbie, entrant - (any new participant in some activity)

Super-classes Newbie^c
FourYearStudent^c

FreshmanYear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FreshmanYear

Description

A PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to a ''Freshman'' (first-year student) in a four-year school or a Person in the first year of a job or appointment, as a 'first-year senator'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'freshman' in WordNet:
           1. freshman, first-year - (used of a person in the first year
              of an experience (especially in United States high school or college);
              'a freshman senator'; 'freshman year in high school or college')

Super-classes National^c

Freshwater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Freshwater`
Description	`NO WN sense for the adjective. RHW 'freshwater' 1. of or living in water that is fresh or not salt: freshwater fish. 2. accustomed to fresh water only, and not to the sea: a freshwater sailor.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Fretting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fretting`
Description	''Fretting'' is a ''Feeling'' that is a form of ''Worry'' in which the Agent(s) performing this state are uncertain about how to act to address the concerns, and that causes a person to focus on some specific matter that is unsatisfactory.. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'fret' in WordNet: 1. (3) fuss, niggle, fret - (worry unnecessarily or excessively; 'don't fuss too much over the grandchildren-they are quite big now') 2. (2) fret - (be agitated or irritated; 'don't fret over these small details') WN noun 'fret': 1. fret, stew, sweat, lather, swither - (agitation resulting from active worry; 'don't get in a stew'; 'he's in a sweat about exams')`
Super-classes	Irritation^c Worry^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureSituation^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Concerned^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Unsure^c
Sub-classes	Dither^c

Friar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Friar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'friar' in WordNet: 1. friar, mendicant - (a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms)`
Super-classes	ReligiousOrderMember^c Man^c
Sub-classes	DominicanFriar^c

Friction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Friction`
Description	''Friction'' is the ''Resistance'' (a ''Force'') that solid objects experience when rubbed or dragged against each other. It comes in two aspects: 'static friction', the ''Friction'' that keeps a movable solid object from moving when it is pressed against another solid object such as when it is resting on an object, (as we all do standing or sitting or lying or walking in a gravitational field), unless and until some other force parallel to the resting surface pushes the object against the resting object, in which case the movable object experiences 'kinetic friction', which in general is less than that of 'static friction'. There is also 'rolling friction' that is experienced by objects rolling keeping the surface of the rolling object from sliding ('skidding') even while the movable object is moving in a rolling manner. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'friction' in WordNet: 2. friction, rubbing - (the resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another)`
Super-classes	MechanicalResistance^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value PairOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	StaticFriction^c Traction^c KineticFriction^c

Friday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Friday

Description

The Class of all calendar Fridays.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Friday' in Wordnet:
         1. (18) Friday, Fri - (the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day)

Super-classes Weekday^c

Fried^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fried

Description

An Attribute of Food that has been fried on a surface (not deep-fried, as he WordNet entry says).

        In CYC this is an object, in COSMO it is an attribute.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fried' in WordNet:
           1. (2) fried, deep-fried - (cooked by frying in fat)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Cooked^c

FriedFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FriedFoodObject`
Description	A Food object ('SolidFoodArtifact') that has been fried.
Super-classes	CookedFoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fried^c
Sub-classes	FrenchToast^c

Friend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Friend`
Description	A Friend is a Person who has feelings of affection or fondness for another person and is predisposed to do good things for that person. This is usually but not necessarily a mutual feeling. To have an animal that is a 'friend' is not included in this meaning, and in COSMO is considered a metaphoric usage of the term. There are degress of friendship, and this sense includes the weaker degrees, such as described in sense 3 from RHW: For a close friend, use the subtype 'Comrade' From Random House Webster: 'friend': 1 a person attached to another by feelings of affection or personal regard. 3. a person who is on good terms with another; a person who is not hostile: Who goes there? Friend or foe? Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'friend' in WordNet: 1. (652) friend - (a person you know well and regard with affection and trust; 'he was my best friend at the university') 3. (47) acquaintance, friend - (a person with whom you are acquainted; 'I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances'; 'we are friends of the family')
Super-classes	Acquaintance^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Friendship^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Friendly^c
Sub-classes	Comrade^c Roommate^c SoulMate^c GirlFriend^c LovedOne^c Lover^c

Friendliness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Friendliness`
Description	An instance of FeelingType, usually applied to humans. Each instance of Friendliness is a feeling of some agent toward another agent that predisposes the first agent to do good things for the other agent. Contrasts with antagonism, hostility, unfriendliness `Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'friendliness' in WordNet: 1. (1) friendliness - (a feeling of liking for another person; enjoyment in their company) 2. friendliness - (a friendly disposition)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Intimacy^c BrotherhoodOfMan^c Liking^c Cordiality^c

Friendly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Friendly`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Friendliness (for someone - unspecified). This may be linguistically expressed with the word 'toward' after 'friendly'. The attribute expressing a predisposition to be friendly to anyone, is be included in the attribute ''Sociable''. `NOTE that this attribute can characterize agents other than People, such as Countries and pet animals. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'friendly' in WordNet: 2. (4) friendly - (favorably disposed; not antagonistic or hostile; 'a government friendly to our interests'; 'an amicable agreement')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Amiable^c Intimate^c Sympathetic^c PsychologicallyWarm^c Hospitable^c Tender^c Sociable^c Cordial^c Resigned^c Allied^c

Friendship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Friendship`
Description	'Friendship' is a SocialState (a PersistentState) that involves two or more People who are ''Friendly'' to each other. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'friendship' in WordNet: 1. (3) friendship, friendly relationship - (the state of being friends)`
Super-classes	PersonalBonding^c SocialState^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (GroupType^c or GroupOfPeople^c)
Sub-classes	Intimacy^c

Frieze^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frieze

Description

a decorative carving on the wall of a building.

      NOTE: this is for a 'frieze'on a building.  The helical 'frieze' on
        Trajan's column, for example, is not included.

    RHW: 1. Archit.
      a. the part of a classical entablature between the architrave and the cornice,
          usually decorated with sculpture in low relief. See diag. under column.
      b. any decorative band on an outside wall, broader than a stringcourse 
         and bearing lettering, sculpture, etc.
         2. any decorative band at the top or beneath the cornice of an interior wall,
             a piece of furniture, etc.


      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frieze' in WordNet:
        1. (2) frieze - (an architectural ornament consisting of 
        a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice)

Super-classes PartOfBuilding^c
BandShapedObject^c
StoneSculpture^c

Frigate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frigate

Description

CYC: A collection. Warships which are larger than destroyers and smaller than cruisers.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'frigate' in WordNet:
          2. frigate - (a United States warship larger than a destroyer 
             and smaller than a cruiser)

Super-classes Weapon^c
ModernNavalShip^c

Frigate-SailingShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frigate-SailingShip`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frigate' in WordNet: 1. frigate - (a medium size square-rigged warship of the 18th and 19th centuries)`
Super-classes	MilitaryVehicle^c MilitaryWatercraft^c SailingShip^c Vessel^c

Frightened^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frightened`
Description	''Frightened'' is the attribute of someone who is feeling Fear because of having experienced a ''FrighteningEvent''. `For the more intense frightening causing terror, use subtype ''Terrified'' Corresponds to adjective senses 2 of 'frightened' in WordNet: 2. frightened, scared - (made afraid; 'the frightened child cowered in the corner'; 'too shocked and scared to move')`
Super-classes	Afraid^c
Sub-classes	Terrified^c

Frightening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frightening`
Description	'Frightening' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of Events or Objects that will typically cause Fear (Fright) in a Person or animal. For events, the relation 'eventWithCauses' can specify this. @od45 Corresponds to part of adjective senses 1 of 'frightening' and sense 1 of 'scary' in WordNet: 1. (6) awful, dire, direful, dread, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, horrific, terrible - (causing fear or dread or terror; 'the awful war'; 'an awful risk'; 'dire news'; 'a career or vengeance so direful that London was shocked'; 'the dread presence of the headmaster'; 'polio is no longer the dreaded disease it once was'; 'a dreadful storm'; 'a fearful howling'; 'horrendous explosions shook the city'; 'a terrible curse') WN adj 'scary': 1. chilling, scarey, scary, shivery, shuddery - (so scary as to cause chills and shudders; 'the most terrible and shuddery...tales of murder and revenge')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unnerving^c Ominous^c

FrighteningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrighteningEvent`
Description	A 'FrighteningEvent' is an Event that causes Fear (syn Fright) in some Agent(s). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'frighten' and sense 1 of 'scare' in WordNet: 1. (10) frighten, fright, scare, affright - (cause fear in; 'The stranger who hangs around the building frightens me'; 'Ghosts could never affright her')`
Super-classes	CausingaMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Fear^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Frightening^c
Sub-classes	IntimidatingaPerson^c Spooking^c Bluffing^c TerrifyingEvent^c AlarmingaPerson^c

Frill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frill`
Description	A pleated strip of cloth added to a ''ClothingItem'' to enhance its appearance. The more specific'ruffle' located at the bottom of a dress or skirt is a''Ruffle'' `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'frill' in WordNet: 1. frill, flounce, ruffle, furbelow - (a strip of pleated material used as a decoration or a trim)`
Super-classes	FoldableObject^c Adornment^c ArtObject^c Strip^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ClothingItem^c
Sub-classes	Ruffle^c

Fringe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fringe`
Description	A ''Fringe'' is the outer edge of a (approximately) planar object. that may be flat or very irregular in shape, (as a piece of cloth or an ObjectGroup), but is basically a Three-dimensional Object that approximates the shape of a two-dimensional thing. 'he stayed at the the fringe of the crowd' `Corresponds to part (for flat things) of noun sense 1 of 'fringe' in WordNet: 1. (8) periphery, fringe, outer boundary - (the outside boundary or surface of something)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c OuterEdge^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Circular^c
Sub-classes	Outskirt^c

FringeBenefit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FringeBenefit`
Description	''FringeBenefit''s are of various types: ''HealthInsurance'', paid vacation, sick leave, parental leave, child care during working hours, and various others, such as use of company property like automobiles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fringe benefit' in WordNet: 1. (2) fringe benefit, perquisite, perk - (an incidental benefit awarded for certain types of employment (especially if it is regarded as a right); 'a limousine is one of the fringe benefits of the job')`
Super-classes	Remuneration^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op only Employee^c
Sub-classes	CompanyPaidHealthInsurance^c

Frisbee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frisbee`
Description	A plastic ''Disk'', typically made of plastic, about 10 inches in diameter, with the edges curved downward and inward to provide aerodynamic lift when thrown in approximately horizontal orientation with a wrist-flipping action imparting rotation. Thrown, often to other people, for recreation or as a sport (as in ''ulimate frisbee'). The name is trademarked but is used generically for such objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Frisbee' in WordNet: 1. Frisbee - (a light plastic disk about 10 inches in diameter; sailed with a flip of the wrist for recreation or competition)`
Super-classes	SportsEquipment^c Device-UserControlled^c Device-SingleUser^c Device-UserPowered^c Disk^c GamePiece^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value 100.0^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Plastic^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 30.0^c

Frisking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frisking`
Description	''Frisking'' is a ''SearchingForAnObject'', looking for something (weapons, drugs) that a Person may be carrying that is hidden by clothing. `In RHW 'pat down': an act or instance of passing the hands over the body of a clothed person to detect concealed weapons, drugs, etc.; frisking. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'frisk' in WordNet: 2. frisk - (search as for concealed weapons by running the hands rapidly over the clothing and through the pockets; 'The police frisked everyone at the airport')`
Super-classes	UsingTheHand^c SearchingForAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value ConcealedObject^c

Frivolity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frivolity`
Description	''Frivolity'' is a state in which the Person is not being serious, but jesting or joking. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frivolity' in WordNet: 1. frivolity, frivolousness - (the trait of being frivolous; not serious or sensible)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Lighthearted^c
Sub-classes	Levity^c

Frizzy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frizzy

Description

''Frizzy'' is a specialization of ''Curly'' used to describe tightly curled Hair

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frizzy' in Wordnet:
           1. crisp, frizzly, frizzy, kinky, nappy - (of hair in small tight curls)

Super-classes Curly^c

Frog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frog`
Description	CYC: The collection of all frogs (which excludes toads). `Corresponds to part (frog, not toad) noun sense 1 of 'frog' in WordNet: 1. (2) frog, toad, toad frog, anuran, batrachian, salientian - (any of various tailless stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for leaping; semiaquatic and terrestrial species)`
Super-classes	Amphibian^c
Sub-classes	Bullfrog^c

Frogman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frogman`
Description	A ''Frogman'' is a ''Swimmer'' who dives into water and swims underwater, for any reason, usually for some professional purpose,but potentially for sport. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frogman' in WordNet: 1. diver, frogman, underwater diver - (someone who works underwater)`
Super-classes	Diver^c Swimmer^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	typicallyUsesDevice^op value FlipperShoe^c typicallyUsesDevice^op value SCUBA^c performsAction^op value SwimmingUnderwater^c

FromaDistance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FromaDistance

Description

''FromaDistance'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes Actions that occur at a distance from something else. 'remotely controlled vehicle'. 'change the TV channels remotely' 'communicate remotely by telephone'

       NOTE: the sense of 'remotely' meaning 'barely', 'only a small degree' is represented by
            ''Barely''

        Corresponds to part (for physical distance) of adverb sense 1 of 'remotely' in Wordnet:
          1. remotely - (in a remote manner; 'when the measured speech of the chorus 
              passes over into song the tones are, remotely but unmistakably,
              those taught by the orthodox liturgy')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Front-page^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Front-page

Description

''Front-page'' is An attribute of ''News'' that is sufficiently significan or imporstant to publish on the front page of a ''NewspaperCopy'', or is in fact published on the front page of some ''NewspaperCopy''.

      No WN entry represents this concept.
      RHW adj 'front-page'
        1. of major importance; worth putting on the first page of a newspaper.

Super-classes Significant^c

FrontAndBackSidedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontAndBackSidedObject`
Description	A #$FrontAndBackSidedObject is a object with an intrinsic #$FrontSide and an intrinsic #$BackSide. By 'intrinsic' we mean simply that there exists an established convention according to which one side is considered 'Front' and the other side is considered 'Back'. Usually the two sides in question can be reliably distinguished. Notice that a conventionally distinguishable front and back do not necessarily imply a bottom and top, or a left and right: a #$Worm has a clear-cut front end and a clear-cut back end according to biological convention, but it makes little sense to talk of top, bottom, left or right. However, see also the comment for #$HexalateralObject. Notice also-and this is crucial to the whole conception- that while a #$FrontAndBackSidedObject may well have a preferred orientation and direction of motion, changing either does not change what counts as the 'front' and what counts as the 'back': while I am backing my car out of the driveway in the morning, its back end does not become its front end and vice versa. If an entity does not obey this rule then it does not, generally speaking count as having a distinguishable front and back - for example: a dolley, such as is used to transport crates, with wheels hinged so as to be able to swing around freely in any direction. `NOTE: An ''Object'' generally, including this type, can consist of multiple component object, ot necessary directly in touch with each other.`
Super-classes	BilateralObject^c
Sub-classes	Primate^c Eyeball^c Arrow^c Eye^c Residence^c OfficialResidence^c HexalateralObject^c TelevisionSet^c TransportationDevice^c Head^c EndOfRoomStage^c Driveway^c Tandem^c ProjectileWeapon^c Invertebrate^c PinnableButton^c
In domain of	hasGeoOrientation^op

FrontDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontDoor`
Description	The ''Door'' serving as the front 'Entrance' of a Building. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'front door' in WordNet: 1. (10) front door, front entrance - (exterior door (at the entrance) at the front of a building)`
Super-classes	ExteriorDoor^c Artifact-Generic^c Entrance^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value FrontSide^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Building^c

FrontLeftWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontLeftWheel`
Description	The front left supporting wheel of a vehicle with four wheels.
Super-classes	SupportingWheel^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheFrontLeftWheelOfTheLimousineInWhichKennedyWasShot

FrontLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontLine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'front line' in WordNet: 1. (1) battlefront, front, front line - (the line along which opposing armies face each other)`
Super-classes	InFrontOfSomething^c MilitaryPosition^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value TroopOfSoldiers^c

FrontPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontPart`
Description	The FrontPart of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' is the PhysicalObject that is the part in front of the middle point of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject''. `NOTE the use of this as a parent type plus the relation 'isaPhysicalPartOf' imples that something is the front part of something. For only the side that is in front use ''FrontSide''.`
Super-classes	OrientedPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some FrontAndBackSidedObject^c isInFrontOf^op value RearPartOfAnObject^c
Sub-classes	Lapel^c ShipsBow^c

FrontRightWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontRightWheel`
Description	The front right supporting wheel of a vehicle with four wheels.
Super-classes	SupportingWheel^c

FrontRunner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontRunner`
Description	A ''FrontRunner'' can be a ''Competitor'' of any kind (Person, Team, Animal,Organization) that is, at the time it is labeled with this attribute, the one seemingly most likely to win some specific competition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'front-runner' in WordNet: 1. front-runner, favorite, favourite - (a competitor thought likely to win)`
Super-classes	Competitor^c
Restrictions	isaCompetitorOf^op value Underdog^c contrastsWith^op value Underdog^c

FrontSide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontSide`
Description	CYC: The collection of all the entire front sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces in the frontwards direction. For a larger 'front' portion use ''FrontPart''. NOTE: to specify the object of which this is the front side, use property: ''isAtTheSurfaceOf'' OBJ or ''isaPhysicalPartOf'' OBJ @PRIM In FOL, more specific relations such as 'isTheFrontSideOf' can be inferred from: ?SUBJ instance of FrontSide ?SUBJ isAtTheSurfaceOf ?OBJ ?SUBJ isTheFrontSideOf ?OBJ These relations can also be combined in a SPARQL query. Therefore in the OWL version such more specific relations can be avoided as being non-primitive and unnecessary. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'front' in WordNet: 2. (191) front, front end, forepart - (the side that is forward or prominent) 3. (95) front - (the side that is seen or that goes first)
Super-classes	Side^c
Sub-classes	Storefront^c Forefront^c Facade^c

Frontier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frontier`
Description	A ''Frontier'' is any ''Wilderness'' (an unsettled or very sparsely settled area) that is adjacent to a settled area but potentially open to settlement and not reserved by the government, and is too large to be considered as a reserve or Park. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frontier' in WordNet: 1. (6) frontier - (a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country; 'the individualism of the frontier in Andrew Jackson's day')`
Super-classes	Wilderness^c LandRegion^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value PopulatedPlace^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c

FrontierSettlement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrontierSettlement`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frontier settlement' in WordNet: 1. (1) frontier settlement, outpost - (a settlement on the frontier of civilization)`
Super-classes	EarlySettlement^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Frontier^c

Frost^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frost

Description

The stuff which forms thin sheets of solid water on the surface of cold object.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frost' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) frost, hoar, hoarfrost, rime - 
            (ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside))

Super-classes Water-Fresh^c
Ice^c
SurfaceFilm^c

Frostbite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frostbite`
Description	A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of #$Frostbite is an individual case in which some #$ExternalAnatomicalPart of an organism has been frozen. As a specialization of #$AilmentCondition, this collection precludes cryogenic freezing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frostbite' in WordNet: 1. (1) frostbite, cryopathy - (destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene)`
Super-classes	InjuryCondition^c
Restrictions	hadDamagedObject^op value SkinTissue^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value AnimalBody^c isCausedBy^op value Freezing^c

Frosting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frosting`
Description	CYC: Sweet, gooey paste which often covers a cake of any size, inclusing donuts and cupcakes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frosting' in WordNet: 1. frosting, icing, ice - (a flavored sugar topping used to coat and decorate cakes)`
Super-classes	FoodIngredientOnly^c CoatingMaterial^c Topping^c Paste^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Butter^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Sugar^c isUsedInAction^op value IcingaCake^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SweetTasting^c

Froth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Froth`
Description	A ''Froth'' is a collection of ''TinyBubble''s collected at the top of some the same ''LiquidObject'', such The bubbles at the top are not considered as ''BubbleInAir''s since those should be free-floating or only attached at one small segment; rather, the Froth is considered here as the top part of the LiquidObject from which they were emitted. `NOTE: This ''Froth' is an Object made of the substance ''FrothStuff''. The same WN synset is used for the two related concepts. These may be confused in labeling text, and depending on the surrounding context might logically be either Substance or Object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'froth' in WordNet: 1. (1) foam, froth - (a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid; 'the beer had a thick head of foam')`
Super-classes	Bubbles^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op some (LiquidObject^c or LiquidSubstanceType^c or LiquidObjectType^c) hasComponentElement^op min 200 consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value FrothStuff^c

FrothStuff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrothStuff

Description

''Froth'' is for the 'foam' that floats to the top of an aqueous solution, most saliently on a glass of ''beer' drawn from a tap out a keg, but including any kind of aqueous foam such as is generated by lathering a soapy solution or on the sea at the shore, or in a ''Rapids' or ''Waterfall'.

      NOTE: this is a Substance; an Object made of ''FrothStuff'' is an instance of
      ''Froth''.

      Like ''SolidFoam'', this is represented as having a density less than that of ''Water'',
        labeled ''LightDensity'' and having  a density measure ''LessThan_1''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foam' in WordNet:
          1. (7) foam, froth - (a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid; 
             'the beer had a thick head of foam')

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c

Frothy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frothy

Description

This differs from 'Effervescent''in that this characterizes outdoor ''BodyOfWater'' with the froth due to water agitation, whereas 'Effervescent'' refers to water in containers in which the bubles are internally generated by chemical process or contained gas release.

     Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'frothy'
       (see note above) in Wordnet:
       2. foamy, frothy - (relating to or containing gas bubbles)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Frown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frown`
Description	'Frown' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', a pattern on a person's face expressing displeasure or dislike. `This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'frown' in WordNet: 1. frown, scowl - (a facial expression of dislike or displeasure)`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Dislike^c

Frowning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frowning`
Description	Only primates frown. Requires lips. Also may involve eyebrows. Finally the whole face. Should the latter be inferable from the fact use of lips involves face? See also #$Smiling for related problem. `SUMO: Furrowing the forehead in such a way as to convey unhappiness. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'frown' in Wordnet: 1. (12) frown, glower, lour, lower - (look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval)`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c MakingFacialExpression^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Frown^c
Sub-classes	Scowling^c

Frozen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frozen

Description

An AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject that contains water and has been subjected to a ''Freezing'' Event (natural or induced), and is still below freezing temperature, and therefor is solid, containing ice in it. Every object that is Frozen is a SolidObject and contains Ice.

      Corresponds to adjective senses 1, 4, and 5 of 'frozen' and to part
         of adjective sense 3 of 'icy' in WordNet:
       WN 'icy'
        3. (1) icy - (covered with or containing or consisting of ice; 
         'icy northern waters')
       WN 'frozen'
         1. (2) frozen - (turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long
             and severe cold; 'the frozen North'; 'frozen pipes';
             'children skating on a frozen brook')
     4. frozen - (not thawed)
     5. flash-frozen, quick-frozen, frozen - ((used of foods) preserved 
         by freezing sufficiently rapidly to retain flavor and nutritional value;
         'frozen foods')

Super-classes IcyCold^c

FrozenDessertFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrozenDessertFood`
Description	This is for dessert substances that have to be kept frozen to avoid melting. Such as 'ice cream' and sherbert. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Object and substance. This is the substance. The coresponding object is a ''FrozenDessertObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frozen dessert' in WordNet: 1. frozen dessert - (any of various desserts prepared by freezing)`
Super-classes	DessertSubstance^c SolidFood^c Mixture^c
Sub-classes	IceCream^c

FrozenDessertObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrozenDessertObject`
Description	This is for ''DessertFood''s (dessert objects) that have to be kept frozen to avoid melting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frozen dessert' in WordNet: 1. frozen dessert - (any of various desserts prepared by freezing)`
Super-classes	DessertFood^c SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value FrozenDessertFood^c
Sub-classes	Popsicle^c

Fructose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fructose`
Description	Fructose, an organic sweetening agent used in soft drinks and other prepared foods. Chemical formula: C6H12O6. An isomer of #$Glucose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fructose' in WordNet: 1. fructose, fruit sugar, levulose, laevulose - (a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits)`
Super-classes	Monosaccharide^c MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op some FruitType^c isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value Honey^c

Frugal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frugal`
Description	''Frugal'' is the attribute of someone who is cautious in spending money, spending only as much as is necessary to fill needs and avoid excessive luxuries. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frugal' in Wordnet: 1. economical, frugal, scotch, sparing, stinting - (avoiding waste; 'an economical meal'; 'an economical shopper'; 'a frugal farmer'; 'a frugal lunch'; 'a sparing father and a spending son'; 'sparing in their use of heat and light'; 'stinting in bestowing gifts'; 'thrifty because they remember the great Depression'; ''scotch' is used only informally')`
Super-classes	Cautious^c
Sub-classes	Miserly^c PennyPinching^c

Fruit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fruit`
Description	Fruit is an object, i.e. one piece of fruit, not a substance, and not a group of things that are individually fruits. This is the seed of a flowering plant, not the plant itself. This is the botanical interpretation of 'fruit', which includes tomatoes and peppers and nuts, not only the common interpretation of juicy sweet fruits, which are subtypes such as 'Apple'. For the juicy 'fruits' that are usually referred to by the word 'fruit' in the context of eating food, use 'EdibleFruit'. NOTE: each piece of Fruit can be related to the plant that it is obtained from by the relation 'isTheFruitOfa'. Cyc: A specialization of #$PlantPart. Each instance of #$Fruit is a plant structure containing the seeds of an angiosperm. Many instances of #$Fruit have fleshy walls with high concentrations of sugars or fats, and these are often eaten by humans and other animals. Fruits usually develop from the ovary wall, although some fruits include other tissues; e.g., the flesh of apples and of strawberries develops from the receptacle, and the fruits of pineapple and fig develop from a whole inflorescence (group of flowers). See also #$EdibleFruit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fruit' in WordNet: 1. (10) fruit - (the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant)
Super-classes	KosherFoodObject^c PlantPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c FruitOrVegetableObject^c ReproductiveBody^c
Restrictions	isBiologicallyDerivedFrom^op value FruitPlant^c isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value FruitPlant^c
Sub-classes	EdibleFruit^c Pepper^c SolanaceousVegetable^c CitrusFruit^c Seed^c Pea^c Nut-TheFruit^c Drupe^c Gourd^c CottonBoll^c Berry^c Melon^c Peppercorn^c BeanLikeFruit^c JuniperBerry^c

FruitAndVegetableFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitAndVegetableFood`
Description	A specialization of #$EdibleStuff and an instance of #$FoodGroup. Each instance of #$FruitAndVegetableFood is a fruit or a vegetable.
Super-classes	FoodGroup^c VegetableMatter^c EdibleStuff^c
Sub-classes	FruitFood^c Vegetable-Food^c PlantJuice^c

FruitDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitDrink`
Description	A drink derived from the juice of fruit, obtained by squeezing or crushing the fruit, which juice a may or may not include some pulp. As with lemonade, it may be diluted and/or sweetened or oherwise processed. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'fruit juice' in Wordnet: 1. fruit juice, fruit crush - (drink produced by squeezing or crushing fruit)`
Super-classes	NonAlcoholicBeverage^c SweetTastingSubstance^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c FruitJuice^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op some FruitType^c
Sub-classes	Lemonade^c GrapeJuice^c TomatoJuice^c AppleCider^c OrangeJuice^c

FruitFilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitFilling`
Description	''FruitFilling'' is a ''Filling'' that is a food substance that contains a significant proportion (not necessarily the main part) of some processed ''Fruit''. Pie
Super-classes	FruitFood^c Filling^c

FruitFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitFood`
Description	'FruitFood' is edible Fruit as a substance; for individual pieces of Fruit, see 'Fruit' and 'EdibleFruit'. `Foodstuffs that mostly consist of 'FruitFood' are also considered as subtypes of 'FruitFood'.`
Super-classes	FruitAndVegetableFood^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op some EdibleFruit^c
Sub-classes	Prunes^c FruitFilling^c Jelly^c Preserve^c Jam^c CrushedFruit^c

FruitJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitJuice`
Description	Liquid derived by a natural or manufacturing process from fruit. This is more restricted than the WordNet sense, but includes extracts that have some component of solids, such as tomato juice or orange juice. `Corresponds to part ('plant') of noun sense 1 of 'juice' in WordNet - For the more general sense, use 'Juice'. in WordNet: 1. (2) juice - (the liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue)`
Super-classes	PlantJuice^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Fruit^c
Sub-classes	TomatoJuice^c AppleCider^c LimeOrLemonJuice^c OrangeJuice^c FruitDrink^c

FruitOrVegetableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitOrVegetableObject`
Description	A ''FruitOrVegetableObject'' is a ''SolidFoodObject'' that is a ''Fruit'' or a ''VegetableFoodObject''.
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c MoistObject^c
Sub-classes	VegetableFoodObject^c Fruit^c

FruitParing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitParing`
Description	A ''FruitParing'' is a part (piece) of the surface of a fruit or vegetable, of undefined thickness, of (usually) ''FruitRind'' or ''FruitSkin'' or skin of a potato that has been removed from the whole by a peeling or paring process (with or without a knife). Such a piece is relatively 'thin' compared to the original fruit. `For thin slices that are not from fruits or vegetables, use parent ''Paring'' or ''Sliver''. Corresponds to sense 10 of 'peel' in RHW: (peel) 10. the skin or rind of a fruit, vegetable, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'paring' in WordNet: 2. paring - ((usually plural) a part of a fruit or vegetable that is pared or cut off; especially the skin or peel; 'she could peel an apple with a single long paring')`
Super-classes	FruitRind^c PlantCovering^c SurfacePortion^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op some (PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable^c or ParingSomething^c or FruitSkin^c or FruitRind^c or SolidObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c isProducedByEventType^op only (PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable^c or ParingSomething^c or FruitSkin^c or FruitRind^c or SolidObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

FruitPeel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitPeel`
Description	A ''FruitPeel'' is a separated part (piece) of the surface of a fruit, produced by a ''PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable'' Action. `Corresponds approximately to part (for fruit) of noun sense 3 of 'peel' in WordNet: 3. peel, skin - (the rind of a fruit or vegetable)`
Super-classes	FruitRind^c SurfacePortion^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c isDerivedFrom^op some (FruitSkin^c or FruitRind^c or Fruit^c or FruitType^c) wasaPhysicalPartOf^op value Fruit^c

FruitPit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitPit`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pit' in WordNet: 3. stone, pit, endocarp - (the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed; 'you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking')`
Super-classes	Pericarp^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Fruit^c

FruitPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitPlant`
Description	Any Plant that bears an edible 'fruit', the reproductive organ of a FloweringPlant. The Fruit may be eaten by animals or people.
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op some (FruitType^c or Fruit^c)
Sub-classes	FruitTree^c NutTree^c

FruitPulp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitPulp

Description

The substance comprising the soft 'flesh' of a fruit. COSMO note: this is a substance, not any particular object.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pulp' in WordNet:
        2. (1) pulp, flesh - (a soft moist part of a fruit)

Super-classes Tissue^c
Pulp^c

FruitRind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitRind`
Description	The thick covering on 'CitrusFruit''s (and others), such as watermelon or orange, but not hard as a husk. `This differs from ''FruitSkin'' in being ''Leathery'' (''Firm'') rather than ''Soft''. The surface may be rough, as in lemons, or smoother, as in Watermelons. Perhaps there are intermediate degrees of firmness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rind' in WordNet: 1. skin, rind, peel - (the tissue forming the hard outer layer (of e.g. a fruit))`
Super-classes	PlantCovering^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value CitrusFruit^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Leathery^c
Sub-classes	FruitPeel^c FruitParing^c

FruitSkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitSkin`
Description	The thin soft covering on many soft fruits, such as grapes and plums, and including potato skins; not as thick as a rind or as hard as a husk. `This differs from 'rind' in being ''Soft'' rather than ''Firm'' Corresponds to part (for soft and edible Fruit outer coverings) noun sense 2 of 'skin' in WordNet: 2. (3) skin, rind, peel - (the tissue forming the hard outer layer (of e.g. a fruit))`
Super-classes	PlantCovering^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value Fruit^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c

FruitTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitTree`
Description	CYC: The collection of trees which bear a fruit ordinarily eaten by human beings. This would include many trees that bear nuts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fruit tree' in WordNet: 1. (1) fruit tree - (tree bearing edible fruit)`
Super-classes	FruitPlant^c CropPlant^c FloweringTree^c
Sub-classes	AvocadoTree^c AppleTree^c CitrusFruitTree^c NutmegTree^c MangoTree^c OliveTree^c PecanTree^c LimeTree^c PomegranateTree^c FigTree^c CashewTree^c CherryTree^c ApricotTree^c

FruitType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FruitType`
Description	''FruitType'' is a metatype used to specify which type of ''Fruit'' is the subject or object of a relation pertaining to ''Fruit''s. This type allows specifying type restrictions on certain relations that pertain to those parts of a plant that contain a fleshy shell surounding the seed.
Super-classes	BiologicalOrganType^c PlantPartType^c
Members	Banana Avocado Quince Pomegranate MuscatGrape Pumpkin Drupe Grape CocoaBean Watermelon SeedGrain Lemon Plum Gourd Berry Melon Soybean Lime FruitSkin Pear CitrusFruit Seed Pea PeanutKernel Grapefruit Nut-TheFruit CastorBean Peach CuminSeed Fruit Walnut Apple Olive Peanut Raisin Pineapple CoffeeBean AlmondKernel Cucumber Cherry GrainSeed Acorn CottonBoll EdibleFruit Muskmelon VanillaBean Fig BeanLikeFruit JuniperBerry Almond DriedFruitObject Apricot Orange WalnutKernel Prune

Fruitcake^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fruitcake

Description

CYC: The collection of #$Fruitcakes. These are cakes (''PhysicalObject''s) with various dried fruits and nuts baked in.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fruitcake' in Wordnet:
           2. fruitcake - (a rich cake containing dried fruit and nuts and citrus peel and so on)

Super-classes Cake^c

Fruitful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fruitful`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fruitful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fruitful - (productive or conducive to producing in abundance; 'be fruitful and multiply')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Fruitfulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fruitfulness`
Description	''Fruitfulness'' is the Quality of the soil in some area of land that can or does support rich growth of plants, interpreted here as a 'good' thing (for farming or production of other useful vegetation). The WN synonym 'rankness' does not belong here, as this is a good quality, but 'rank' is excessive growth which is bad, e.g. RHW 'rank': 2. producing an excessive and coarse growth, as land. Corresponds to parts of noun sense 1 of 'fruitfulness' (for soil) and sense 3 of 'fertility' in WordNet: 1. (1) fruitfulness, fecundity - (the quality of something that causes or assists healthy growth) WN noun 'fertility': 3. richness, rankness, prolificacy, fertility - (the property of producing abundantly and sustaining vigorous and luxuriant growth; 'he praised the richness of the soil'; 'weeds lovely in their rankness')
Super-classes	Goodness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Fruitful^c isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Fertile^c isAnAttributeOf^op value SoilObject^c

Frustrated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frustrated

Description

This is an attribute; in CYC it is an Object - a different manner of representing attributes.

       CYC: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each
        instance is an agent in the emotional state of being
        frustrated. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction
        to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional
        state to some varying degree.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frustrated' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) defeated, disappointed, discomfited, foiled, frustrated, thwarted -
             (disappointingly unsuccessful; 'disappointed expectations and
             thwarted ambitions'; 'their foiled attempt to capture Calais';
             'many frustrated poets end as pipe-smoking teachers'; 
             'his best efforts were thwarted')

Super-classes Dissatisfied^c
Unsuccessful^c

Frustrating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frustrating

Description

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'frustrating' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) frustrating - (discouraging by hindering)
         2. frustrating, frustrative, thwarting - (preventing realization or
             attainment of a desire)

Super-classes Disappointing^c

Frustration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frustration`
Description	A feeling of irritation and dissatisfaction arising from unresolved problems or unfulfilled needs. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. `This includes feeling deprived of hope for achieving some goal, a feeling that lasts longer than a ''Discouragement'' which could be short-lived. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frustration' in WordNet: 1. (4) frustration, defeat - (the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals)`
Super-classes	Dissatisfaction^c Annoyance^c Discouragement^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Failure^c

Frying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Frying`
Description	Cooking on any hot surface, usually a ''FryingPan''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fry' in Wordnet: 2. (1) fry - (cook on a hot surface using fat; 'fry the pancakes')`
Super-classes	Baking^c CookingFood^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Fried^c usedDevice^op value FryingPan^c produced^op some FriedFoodObject^c
Sub-classes	Griddling^c Sauteing^c

FryingPan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FryingPan`
Description	A 'FryingPan' is a Pan with a handle, used for frying food over a source of heat. If the handle is broken off, it is still a Pan, but not a FryingPan (to function as intended,one must be able to handle it while it is hot). `In Cyc called 'Skillet' Cyc: A container for cooking food that is relatively wide rather than tall, maximizing the area exposed to heat during cooking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frying pan' and sense 1 of 'skillet' in WordNet; this is a subtype of 'Pan' and is often referred to as a 'pan' (sense 1 in Wordnet). in WordNet: 1. frying pan, frypan, skillet - (a pan used for frying foods) WN noun 'pan': 1. (11) pan, cooking pan - (cooking utensil consisting of a wide metal vessel)`
Super-classes	CookingVessel^c Pan^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Frying^c
Sub-classes	Griddle^c

Fudge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fudge`
Description	This is a substance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fudge' in Wordnet: 1. fudge - (soft creamy candy)`
Super-classes	Candy^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Sweetener^c

Fuel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fuel`
Description	SUMO: Fuel is the class of Substances that can be used as resources in Combustion processes in order to produce heat or light, or both (as in a fireplace); the heat in turn can be converted into other forms of energy. Mechanical energy can also be produced by burning fuel in an Engine. This Type includes the Cyc: 'CombustibleFuelSubstance'. NOTE this 'Fuel' is for combustion. Nuclear 'Fuel' is of a different Type. COSMO note: Fuel is considered an ArtificialSubstance because any material must be processed by people before it is considered as Fuel for controlled combustion. Trees in their natural state, though combustible, are not Fuel - until they have been cut and gathered into a form that can be conveniently burned, in which case the processed wood or gathered wood is then Fuel. Likewise, petroleum or coal in the ground is not Fuel until it is extracted and processed to be usable to produce heat in a controlled manner. A 'Fuel' does not have to drive a mechanical device or heating device; the wax used in a candle is considered a 'Fuel' because it is designed to be burned to serve its purpose. NOTE that Fuel is only meaningful relative to intentional processes of combustion - the material burning in natural forest fires or accidental fires is not included in this 'Fuel' concept - it is included in the broader type 'CombustibleSubstance'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fuel' in Wordnet: 1. (5) fuel - (a substance that can be consumed to produce energy; 'more fuel is needed during the winter months'; 'they developed alternative fuels for aircraft')
Super-classes	ConsumableProduct^c EnergySource^c CombustibleSubstance^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Sub-classes	NuclearFuel^c Kerosene^c Firewood^c Charcoal^c BiomassAsFuel^c AviationFuel^c Coke^c VehicleFuel^c FossilFuel^c

FuelObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FuelObject`
Description	Any PhysicalObject consisting mostly of some subtype of ''Fuel''. The specific subtype of ''Fuel'' and the quantity can be specified in instances of this type. This can be solid, liquid, or gas.
Super-classes	LiquidObject^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some FuelSubstanceType^c

FuelPoweredAutomobile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FuelPoweredAutomobile`
Description	A ''FuelPoweredAutomobile'' is an ''Automobile'' that is an ''InternalCombustionPoweredDevice'', powered by some liquid combustible fuel, such as ''"Gasoline'' or ''DieselFuel''.
Super-classes	InternalCombustionPoweredDevice^c Automobile^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value InternalCombustionEngine^c

FuelPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FuelPoweredDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of physical devices; a subcollection of #$PoweredDevice. An instance of #$FuelPoweredDevice is directly powered by combustible fuels such as gasoline, coal, and natural gas. Common examples of #$FuelPoweredDevice include automobiles with gasoline-powered engines, kerosene heaters, propane torches, and jet airplanes. `COSMO note: the Cyc parent 'MechanicalDevice' has been removed because purely electronic FuelPoweredDevices using fuel cells are now possible.`
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value VehicleFuel^c
Sub-classes	Motorboat^c Fireplace^c InternalCombustionPoweredDevice^c Drone^c InternalCombustionEngine^c HouseBoat^c Airplane^c Lantern^c Rototiller^c Motorcycle^c Helicopter^c

FuelSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FuelSubstanceType`
Description	''FuelSubstanceType'' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of a 'Liquid' Fuel and other entities..
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	LiquidFuelSubstanceType^c

FuelTank^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FuelTank

Description

CYC: Any tank used to contain a FuelSubstance (gas or liquid).

    COSMO note: this is reinterpreted to refer only to tanks that
      can hold liquid fuels like gasoline or diesel fue or avition fue.
      For Natural gas or hydrogen a different (sister) type is needed.

       No WN sense for this general term - see ''GasolineTank''.

Super-classes StorageTank^c

Fueling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fueling`
Description	''Fueling'' is a subtype of 'Providing' in which some IntelligentAgent puts some quantity of ''Fuel'' into an appropriate storage container in a Device that uses Fuel, whether that Device is stationary (like a Furnace) or moving. `NOTE: the difference between this and subtype ''Refueling'' is that some ''FuelPoweredDevice''s may beexpendable and may be fuelable only once. So ''Refueling'' cannot apply to them. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fuel' in WordNet: 1. (2) fuel - (provide with a combustible substance that provides energy; 'fuel aircraft, ships, and cars')`
Super-classes	Providing^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some FuelPoweredDevice^c hadThingTransferred^op some FuelObject^c
Sub-classes	Refueling^c

Fugitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fugitive`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fugitive' in WordNet: 2. fugitive, fugitive from justice - (someone who is sought by law officers; someone trying to elude justice)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Fleeing^c

Fulcrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fulcrum`
Description	A ''Fulcrum'' is a SolidObject that supports or holds one small section of a lever-like long solid object, which may use the ''Fulcrum'' as a 'center of rotation' of the long object, which may rotate in a vertical up-and-down motion (like a 'Seesaw'), or in any other plane (as anOar in a Rowboat). `This does not have to be ''Holder'' if the thing suported moves up and down. A ''Fulcrum'' may suport a level for either lifting one thing on one end of the lever by applying pressure on the other end of the lever, or by alternately lifting and lowering one or more objects, as in the game of see-saw (see''Seesaw''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fulcrum' in Wordnet: 1. fulcrum - (the pivot about which a lever turns)`
Super-classes	Part^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	supportsThingInEvent^op value Levering^c supportsThingInEvent^op value Rotating^c supports^op value Lever^c
Sub-classes	Oarlock^c

Fulfilled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fulfilled`
Description	''Fulfilled'' is an AttributeValue of a need or ''Desire'' that was satisfied (met, fulfilled) by some Event. `NOTE: 'slaked' for thirst is represented specifically by subAttribute ''Slaked''. Corresponds approximately, and broader than to adjective sense 1 of 'fulfilled' in Wordnet: 1. fulfilled - (completed to perfection) WN adj 'satisfied': 2. quenched, satisfied, slaked - (allayed; 'his thirst quenched he was able to continue')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Slaked^c

Fulfilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fulfilling`
Description	A 'Fulfilling' is an Event in which something desired or expected happens, or something needed for an action is obtained. The thing 'fulfilled' can be a desire, goal an Obligation, a requirement (for food, etc), a criterion (= satisfy), an order or request or demand. This does not have to be an Action by an agent, it can be an external Event that satisfies a desire without Action on the part of the agent it satisfies. This type is generic and the more specific 'fulfilling' Actions are the subtypes ''FulfillingAnObligation'' and ''SatisfyingaDesire'' and ''ConformingAction'' and their subtypes. This type can be used if there is ambiguity as to what kind of 'fulfilling' a given text or situation corresponds to, but the use of the subtypes when they can be identified is preferred for more specificity. This type subsumes senses 2 and 3 of 'fulfill' and sense 1 of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 2. (3) satisfy, fulfill, fulfil, live up to - (fulfil the requirements or expectations of) 3. (3) meet, satisfy, fill, fulfill, fulfil - (fill or meet a want or need)
Super-classes	Fulfillment^c
Restrictions	hadEndingState^op value FeelingOfFulfillment^c
Sub-classes	ConformingAction^c MeetingaDeadlne^c SatisfyingaDesire^c FulfillingAnObligation^c BeingQualified^c SatisfyingaRequirement^c

FulfillingAnObligation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FulfillingAnObligation`
Description	''FulfillingAnObligation'' is an Action in which.an agent fulfills and thereby removes an Obligation to do something.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 1. (13) satisfy, fulfill, fulfil, live up to - (fulfil the requirements or expectations of)`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c Fulfilling^c
Sub-classes	DoingOnesDuty^c MakingaPaymentOnTime^c

FulfillingaRequest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FulfillingaRequest

Description

Each 'FulfillingaRequest' is an instance of a ConformingAction in which a person performs an Action that is requested by a human agent (or group or organization) This ConformingAction differs from a Compliance in that the request fulfilled is not mandatory, and does not carry any penalty for failure to comply.

      This corresponds to sense 4 of 'compliance' and sense 2
       of 'submission' in WordNet:
        4. submission, compliance - (the act of submitting; 
        usually surrendering power to another)

Super-classes Fulfillment^c
ConformingAction^c

Fulfillment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fulfillment`
Description	`'fulfill an obligation' 'fulfill a requirement' 'fulfill a responsibility' 'fulfill a contract' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fulfillment' in WordNet: 2. fulfillment, fulfilment - (the act of consummating something (a desire or promise etc))`
Super-classes	CompletingaTask^c ReachingaGoal^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value FeelingOfFulfillment^c
Sub-classes	FulfillingaRequest^c Fulfilling^c

Full^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Full`
Description	To be ''Full'' is for a container-like thing to contain as much as it is capable of holding. This can be applied to abstract objects as well as PhysicalObjects. ''Full'' when applied to containers specifies that the volume of its contents is equal to the capacity, and no more contents can be added. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'full' and part of semse 1 of 'filled' in WordNet: 1. (42) full - (containing as much or as many as is possible or normal; 'a full glass'; 'a sky full of stars'; 'a full life'; 'the auditorium was full to overflowing') WN adj 'filled': 1. (27) filled - ((usually followed by 'with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with; 'theirs was a house filled with laughter'; 'a large hall filled with rows of desks'; 'fog-filled air')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Stuffed^c Crammed^c BrimFull^c ChockFull^c Loaded^c

Full-Fledged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Full-Fledged

Description

This ''Full-Fledged'' is an AttributeValue of ''Person's who have completed some process of education or practice that enables them to be considered as a member of some GroupOfPeople that requires qualification to belong, as a Lawyer or Medical Doctor.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'full-fledged' in WordNet:
      2. full-fledged, fully fledged - ((of persons e.g.) having gained full status; 
         'a full-fledged lawyer'; 'by the age of seventeen I was a full-fledged atheist';
           'sees itself as a fully fledged rival party')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Full-Length^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Full-Length

Description

This sense of '''Full-Length'' is a subtype of ''Long'' characterizing an Object that is as ''Long'' as some other Object, especially referring to the human body.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'full-length' in WordNet:
          1. full-length - (accommodating the full height of the human figure; 
              'a full-length mirror')
          2. full-length - (representing the full height of the human figure; 
                'a full-length portrait')

Super-classes Long^c

Full-blown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Full-blown`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'full-blown' in Wordnet: 2. full-blown -- (having or displaying all the characteristics necessary for completeness; 'a full-blown financial crisis')`
Super-classes	Complete^c

Full-size^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Full-size`
Description	''Full-size'' is an adjective that characterizes something that is not smaller than the typical instance of the same type, either because it has not yet fully developed (as an immature organism), or has not been designed in a smaller size for some purpose (such as a 'miniature' statue or a 'model' ship or a full-size ''Novel'' rather than a ''Novella''). `This general sense of full-size is not represented in WordNet.`
Super-classes	LargeEnough^c
Sub-classes	LifeSized^c

Full-time^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Full-time

Description

'Full-time'' is the attribute of a Person in a ''JobSituation'' when that Person works at least thirty hours per week, (or more or less depending on the legal definition for different legal purposes)

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'full-time' in WordNet:
            1. (11) full-time - (for the entire time appropriate to an activity;
              'a full-time job')

Super-classes Employed^c

FullComplement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullComplement`
Description	Each ''FullComplement'' is a ''WorkForce'' that has all the workers needed to perform a specific task.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'full complement' in WordNet: 1. (1) complement, full complement - (number needed to make up a whole force; 'a full complement of workers')`
Super-classes	WorkForce^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Complete^c

FullFacial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullFacial

Description

A ''FullFacial'' is a form of ''FacialCare'' performed by someone other than the Person whose ''Face'' is being cared for, involving more than one type of grooming of the Face.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'facial' in WordNet:
         2. facial - (care for the face that usually involves cleansing 
             and massage and the application of cosmetic creams)

Super-classes FacialCare^c
ServiceEvent^c

FullLength^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullLength`
Description	''FullLength'' is an attribute that specifies that some Event is as long as the typical Event of its kind. `For texts use subAttribute ''Unabridged'' 'full-length movie'; 'full-length novel'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'full-length' in WordNet: 3. full-length, uncut - (complete; 'the full-length play')`
Super-classes	LongLasting^c
Sub-classes	Unabridged^c

FullMoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullMoon`
Description	Each ''FullMoon'' is a ''View'' (a LightPropagationEvent) that is produced by the EarthsMoon when it is directly opposite the Sun from the vantage point of Earth.. `The time for any given instance of ''FullMoon'' will be included in the instance of ''ResidentsAtTime'' pointed to by ''wasVisibleTo'.` ~~ @ToDo: need 'phase of the moon' parent? `This differs from the meaning of noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'full moon' in WordNet; WN sense is a time whereas this sense is the ''View'' in WordNet: 1. (2) full moon, full-of-the-moon, full phase of the moon, full - (the time when the moon is fully illuminated; 'the moon is at the full')`
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	wasEmittedByObject^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon^c wasVisibleTo^op some ResidentsAtTime^c occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c hadThingTransferred^op value MoonLight^c

FullNameString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullNameString`
Description	A FullNameString is an identifierString that was created as an Identifier for some person. The string may include titles, abbreviations of first or middle names, or honorifics, and will in general not be unique for any given person
Super-classes	NameString^c

FullProfessor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullProfessor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'full professor' in Wordnet: 1. full professor - (a professor of the highest rank)`
Super-classes	Professor^c

FullRotation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullRotation

Description

A ''FullRotation'' is a ''Rotation'' in which some SolidObject rotates completely around an axis so that the direction of orientation of the SolidObject is the same as it is at the beginning, and includes Rotations that continue beyond that point and may be repeated multiple times. Thus a'doube rotation' or 'triple rotation' would be subtypes of this.

       A ''FullRotation'' that stops when the direction reaches the original direction
         may be called a '360 degree rotation'.

Super-classes Rotation^c
Movement-TranslationProcess^c

Fullerene^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fullerene`
Description	A 'Fullerene'' is any of a range of ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance''s composed only of ''CarbonAtom''s,forming ringed molecular structures of many sizes and shapes that approximate the shape of spheres, or tubes. The Wikipedia gloss suggests that 'graphene' can be viewed as a subtype, but in COSMO that is a different category. The subtypes of ''Fullerene'' are of the ''Buckyball'' (spherical or ellipsoidal) type or of the ''Nanotube'' (cylindrical or toroidal) types. RHW:any of a class of molecules of carbon having a roughly spherical shape. WIkiPedia: A fullerene is an allotrope of carbon whose molecule consists of carbon atoms connected by single and double bonds so as to form a closed or partially closed mesh, with fused rings of five to seven atoms. The molecule may be a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, or many other shapes and sizes. Graphene (isolated atomic layers of graphite), which is a flat mesh of regular hexagonal rings, can be seen as an extreme member of the family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fullerene' in WordNet: 1. fullerene - (a form of carbon having a large molecule consisting of an empty cage of sixty or more carbon atoms)
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c Carbon^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value FullereneMolecule^c
Sub-classes	Nanotubes^c Buckyballs^c

FullereneMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullereneMolecule`
Description	A ''FullereneMolecule'' is a ''Molecule'' consisting solely of ''CarbonAtom''s in any of various shapes having carbon rings connected to each other so as to form spheres, ellipsoids, tubes, cylinders, or tori. These are the unit objects of the ''Fullerene'' family of substances.
Super-classes	Molecule^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value CarbonAtom^c
Sub-classes	NanoTube^c BuckyBall^c

Fullness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fullness`
Description	''Fullness'' is the state of being 'full' in some sense. This can be used for various properties. The term 'comprehensiveness' is used for the state or quality of some Group of things of different types, indicating that many or most of the types are included or reresented or (for texts) discussed. Not very specific. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fullness' in WordNet: . (1) comprehensiveness, fullness - (completeness over a broad scope)`
Super-classes	Entirety^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Comprehensive^c

FullyDeveloped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullyDeveloped

Description

''FullyDeveloped'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of organisms or parts of organisms, especially flowers, that have fully developed.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'full-blown' in Wordnet:
          1. full-blown, matured - (fully ripe; at the height of bloom; 'a full-blown rose')

Super-classes Mature^c

FullyFledged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FullyFledged

Description

This ''FullyFledged'' is a specialized AttributeValue of ''Bird''s that have developed to the point (having all its feathers) where they can fly.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fully fledged' in WordNet:
       1. full-fledged, fully fledged - ((of a bird) having reached full development
          with fully grown adult plumage; ready to fly)

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c

FumblingaBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FumblingaBall`
Description	''FumblingaBall'' is an action that can occur in a ball game such as baseball or football, where a ball is expected to be grasped, but instead is dropped or 'bobbled' (released and regrasped once or several times). `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'fumble' in WordNet: 5. fumble - (drop or juggle or fail to play cleanly a grounder; 'fumble a grounder') WN noun 'fumble': 1. (1) fumble, muff - ((sports) dropping the ball)`
Super-classes	PlayingaSport^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some SportType^c
Sub-classes	FumblingaFootBall^c

FumblingaFootBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FumblingaFootBall`
Description	''FumblingaFootBall'' is a ''FumblingaBall'' that can occur in a ''Football'' game where the ''"FootballBall-American'' is handed directly to a player and the player fails to grasp it firmly, but drops it to the ground . `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'fumble' in WordNet: 5. fumble - (drop or juggle or fail to play cleanly a grounder; 'fumble a grounder')`
Super-classes	FumblingaBall^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value FootballBall-American^c occursDuring^op value FootballGame-American^c

FunLoving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunLoving

Description

''FunLoving'' is the attribute of a Person who likes to 'have fun' (perform ''HavingFun''). This is not just or primarily enjoying sensual pleasures, which is characteristic of a ''Sensualist''.

         Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'playful' (this type
          includes adults who like to have fun in various ways,
          not just by playing games) in Wordnet:
           1. (1) playful - (full of fun and high spirits; 
               'playful children just let loose from school')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Function^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Function`
Description	Each subtype of Capability is a type of action that some Object can perform or assist in performing. One subtype of this is 'Function', specifically a type of action for which an object has been designed, either by some IntelligentAgent or by Evolution. `@ToDo: more elaboration needed. NOTE the triangular relation: an Artifact hasDesignFunction which is an ActionType, A Capability or Function wasRealizedByAction which is an ActionType or an instance of an Event. This 'function' is generic for artifacts and natura objects,and it is unclear if any WN sense fits this. See subtypes ''DesignFunction'' (for artifacts) and`
Super-classes	Capability^c
Restrictions	isaDesignFunctionOf^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	DesignFunction^c EvolutionaryFunction^c

FunctionQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionQuantity`
Description	A FunctionQuantity is a Function that maps from one or more instances of ConstantQuantity to another instance of ConstantQuantity. For example, the velocity of a particle would be represented by a FunctionQuantity mapping values of time (which are ConstantQuantities) to values of distance (also ConstantQuantities). Note that all instances of FunctionQuantity are Functions with a fixed arity. Note too that all elements of the range of a FunctionQuantity have the same physical dimension as the FunctionQuantity itself.
Super-classes	PhysicalQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Lux^c Pascal^c KilowattHour^c Ohm^c Sievert^c BritishThermalUnit^c Gray^c Newton^c Weber^c KiloCalorie^c Siemens^c UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity^c Tesla^c Ampere^c Calorie^c Erg^c Lumen^c Candela^c Farad^c PoundForce^c Henry^c Volt^c ElectronVolt^c Joule^c G-force^c

Functional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Functional`
Description	An attribute of ''Device''s that means that they are able to perform their function, though at the moment they may be turned off. If they are Functional and also turned 'on', they have the AttributeValue 'TurnedOn'. If they are running and performing their design function at the time the attribute is asserted, use ''Operating''. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 4 of 'functional', sense 2 of 'usable', sense 1 of 'useable', sense 2 of 'operational', sense 2 of 'operable' and sense 1 of 'in working order', in WordNet: 4. functional, usable, useable, in working order, operable, operational - (fit or ready for use or service; 'the toaster was still functional even after being dropped'; 'the lawnmower is a bit rusty but still usable'; 'an operational aircraft'; 'the dishwasher is now in working order')`
Super-classes	Effective^c Useful^c
Sub-classes	TurnedOn^c

FunctionalAttribute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalAttribute

Description

A FunctionalAttribute is an Attribute that can serve as a function when modifying a type of thing, selecting from that type those instances that have a particular property. They are functional because the property selected may vary somewhat with the type that is modified. At some ppint, subtypes of this type may be defined to aggregate FunctionalAttributes that have some common features. The functionality is not expressible in OWL and will be used when Natural Language interpretation applications are built using the COSMO ontology. Until then, the instance of FunctionalAttribute sere to contain notes regarding the intended meaning of these terms, which will only be executable using a more expressive rerpresentation formalism.

    For example:
      Adjectives like 'large', 'small', 'good', bad' can depend for 
     their interpretation in complex ways on the nature of the word 
     they are modifying.  They also select subtypes from
     a type that is named by the word being modified by the adjective, but
     the subtypes are not simply the intersection of the type being
     modified and some other type.  The adjective selects members of the 
     type based on criteria peculiar to the adjective and the type.
     For example, a 'red car' is a car whose sheet metal appears red (usually being 
     painted by paint of that color).  A 'pink grapefruit' is pink only on the
     inside, and may not have an external appearance different from a 
     yellow grapefruit.  A 'red brick' is red at all points on the surface,
     and if broken, is the same color red on the newly exposed surfaces.  
     A 'red liquid' will have a different intensity of color depending on the
     concentration of pigment in the liquid and on the length of the path through which
     the light one sees has traversed.  These differences of meaning must be
     encoded in the logical representation of the function.  An AttributeValue
     can be a FunctionalAttribute also, but is not necessarily so. If used in the
     predicative position {Car23 is Red} , it takes the usual interpretation that it is
     specifying an attribute of a specific object.

Super-classes AttributeType^c

FunctionalAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalAttributeValue`
Description	FunctionalAttributeValues are the values taken by a FunctionalAttribute that are OWL classes rather than instances of 'FunctionalAttribute'. The classes are used when a FunctionalAttribute value has subtypes that should be reflected in the hierarchy. `The category of 'LogicalFunction' has also been used similarly and more often in COSMO - @ToDo: should these be merged?`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	FirstOfTwo^c FirstOfaSeries^c Last^c Active^c Actual^c SecondOfaSeries^c Typical^c Sedentary^c Latter^c Active-Energetic^c Fellow^c Active-Effective^c Former^c Adventitious^c Poignant^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fewer http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlotOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Few http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#aNumberOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#any http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Several

FunctionalBusinessEntity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalBusinessEntity`
Description	'FunctionalBusinessEntity' is a concept used in FIBO that includes both commercial enterprises and other entities, such as government agencies, that participate in economic activity. NOTE that a ''FunctionalBusinessEntity'' does not have to be a Person or Organization, it could be a ''Place'' operated by a Person or Organization that does things, such as a ''ManufacturingFacility''. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'Functional Business Entity', but instead of relating to 'AutonomousAgent' this is a subtype of 'IntelligentAgent' SKOS Def: 'A business entity defined in terms of its function.' Explanatory Note: 'The key distinguishing feature of a Functional Business Entity is that it may itself be constituted as some kind of Business Entity or Legal Entity, but the definition of this entity does not depend on it always having one specific legal structure (for exanple always being a limited company). This would define for example a bank, a special purpose vehicle, most government bodies and so on.'
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Business^c CooperativeBusiness^c

FunctionalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalEvent`
Description	A FunctionalEvent is an Event that was perfomed to serve a purpose; the purpose may be the goals of an intelligent agent. or a biological purpose serving some function in an organism that was designed by evolution..
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	PurposefulAction^c FunctioningOfaDevice^c OnePulse^c PhysiologicalFunction^c

FunctionalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalObject`
Description	FunctionalObject is a container category to collect all Types of PhysicalObjects that are defined by some distinctive function that they play in some event or activity. These Types will in general serve as Roles. The instance of this type can be related to their function by the relation 'hasDesignFunction'. `NOTE that the 'function' may be one that evolved naturally, and a FunctionalObject is not necessarily an Artifact. Thus a heart has the function of pumping blood. In COSMO, 'purpose' and 'function' include any teleological goal-oriented role, whether arising from intentional design or evolutionary development.`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	ComputerNetworkPathSystem^c Container^c TelephonePathSystem^c OrganismPart^c Organism^c Ornament^c Lens^c Key^c Covering-Object^c Device^c

FunctionalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalProcess`
Description	A FunctionalProcess corresponds to the linguistic intuition of something happening at some point in time, rather than something that has happened in some interval of time, which in COSMO is an 'Event'. Intuitively, it may be considered as the time derivative of an Event: a Process occurring over some interval of time gives rise to an Event, which is a change (or series of changes) in the properties of some Object(s) during some interval of Time. Every FunctionalProcess is intimately associated with some Event as one of the components of that Event (see 'Event'); conversely most Events (other than instantaneous) can be viewed as the result of some 'FunctionalProcess' acting over time. Thus this base Type is called 'FunctionalProcess' to specifically refer to its similarity to a mathematical function. It resembles a mathematical function in certain respects: a FunctionalProcess can be said to describe the state of some system as a function of time. Like a function, a FunctionalProcess can have properties, and one important property will be the Rate ('RateMeasure') at which the represented change is occurring. A characteristic of a FunctionalProcess is one can specify a Rate at some time point, or an average rate in some time interval. For an Event there is only an average 'RateMeasure' that can be specified, and only if the Event is not instantaneous; the two concepts are intimately related. In COSMO most things considered as Events or Processes are represented as Events, with the understanding that a coresponding Process can be defined if needed. In some ontologies, (such as Cyc) a 'process' is a type of Event which has some uniform character throughout the Event. Because of the variant usage, the bare term 'process' is not used in this ontology to avoid confusion. NOTe that the Wordnet sense of 'process' aligned with this has subtypes that are not represented as subtypes of 'FunctionalProcess'. NOTE that this differs from the notion of 'process' used in Cyc, where a Process is a kind of Event that can be subdivided and still result in an Event of the same kind. In COSMO taking some temporal part of a FunctionalProcess does not necessarily result in a FunctionalProcess of the same kind. NOTE A FunctionalProcess may also be defined, not by specifying the individual values of the fluents at points in time, but by specifying the manner in which a fluent can change over time. One specific example of this is a differential equation which can be used to take the value of a fluent at some starting point in time, and calculate the values at subsequent points in time. Thus a FunctionalProcess can have, as its TimeIndexedAssertion, a differential equation. This is an important difference between Event and FunctionalProcess. @ToDo: the specifics of how a differential equation are to be represented have not been elaborated as of v0.50. Formally, a FunctionalProcess is a Group consisting of one or more TimeIndexedAssertions, where each TimeIndexedAssertion is an InstantaneousState or PersistentState. Each State contains a Group of assertions specifying the values of the fluents that hold at that TimePoint; if only one Object is a participant in the FunctionalProcess, there may be only one TimeIndexedAssertion in each State. A TimeIndexedAssertion can be a differential equation relating a fluent to time. Thus if, at some point in time, someone is Running, one can say that a Running process exists at that point, and that person is a participant in the process. The 'existence' of an instance of Process at some time point implies that some Event has taken place (or is taking place) in the time interval including that time point, and vice-versa, each Event implies existence of some corresponding FunctionalProcess at every time point during the interval between the beginning and end of the Event (but see next paragraph). But for linguistic purposes, it may be more convenient to represent just the Event or just the FunctionalProcess, and not explicitly represent the corresponding entity, which is nevertheless implied. The list of States over time has some similarity to a ValueTimeEntry, though the former relates the state assertions themselves, rather than the values. It is possible for a FunctionalProcess to be discontinuous, such as an 'eating' process during which one is not actually ingesting anything - perhaps reading a paper in the intervals between taking bites of a meal; or a 'going to school' process during which one sleeps, watches television, etc., other than actually being in the school or studying. One may formally say that the process continues int the intervals when the relevant fluents are not changing, but that the intervals between actual progression of the process each consists of a null process (PersistentState) which is part of the whole process, and give rise to null events which are parts of the whole event. The term 'process' has been often used to refer to Procedures, (see 'Procedure') which are specifications for some sequence of actions that accomplish a goal. That is a distinct, though somewhat related concept. Most ontologies deal with Events, and ignore Processes of this type. For representing certain linguistic phrases, however, this type is better suited than the Event type. Most FunctionalProcesses are not represented explicitly in COSMO at version 0.3, but when needed may be generated by a function (not yet defined) that takes an Event and returns the Process that is operating to generate that Event. One issue not yet dealt with in COSMO v0.3 is whether a function that can generate a Process from the corresponding Event can handle Events whose definition specifies more than one Fluent as changing during the Event. In such cases, to have a clear relation, the multiple fluents must be ordered similarly in the representation of the Event and its corresponding FunctionalProcess. NOTE that WN 'process' sense 6 appears to be for naturally occurring processes, which are included in this type,but this type also includes 'processes'' that are the result of the Actions of intentional agents. See ''PhysicalProcess'' for additional discusson of the difference between ''Event'' and ''FunctionalProcess''. Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 6 of 'process' in WordNet; this type of 'process' could be abstract in WordNet: 6. process, physical process - (a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; 'events now in process'; 'the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls')
Super-classes	SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	FallingProcess^c EconomicDevelopmentProcess^c Combat^c TakingCareOfSomethingProcess^c PhysicalProcess^c

FunctionalSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalSubstance`
Description	A FunctionalSubstance is one that is created and used for a particular purpose. It is categorized by its function, which is a specialization of purpose.
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c
Sub-classes	TopicallyAppliedSubstance^c DrugSubstance^c Padding^c

FunctionalSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalSystem`
Description	A ''FunctionalSystem'' is a ''System'' containing of a group of two or more Objects, abstract or physical that are designed (by people or evolution) to work together to perform some function, plus the AttributeValues attached to those objects, and the relations among those objects - the attributes and relations are component elements of the Group, thus distinguishing a System from a simple group of Objects (and excluding natural 'systems' such as the Solar system, not evolved biologically). There is therefore some significant relation between any Object in a System and some other Object in the System. The System is an aggregate consisting not only of the Objects, but also of the relations between them. This is the basic Entity that participates in Situations. The Attributes of the System as a whole are not component elements of the Group that comprise the system. A PersistentState of a System may include any subset of the Group of Attributes and Relations that are part of the System, and possibly some relations of the System as a whole to its external environment (e.g. orientation). NOTE:this is not a subtype of''Group'' not an instanc of ''GroupType'' because some ''FunctionalSystem''s are PathSystems, which are abstract. @ToDo1317 this sould be modified - a ''Group'' can have properties that reflect the relations. NOTE that a Group of objects that all perform a similar function is not a System unless the performance of the function of one somehow depends on the presence or operation of the others. For example, a group of window air conditioners installed in windows in different parts of a building is not a System, unless they are somehow controlled by a common control mechanism. Cyc: A Cyc collection. Each instance is a special kind of #$Group that exists in time and interacts over the course of time in ways that underpin controlled application of resources and internal information exchange and processing by the system as a whole in order to perform certain tasks which often can themselves be considered as functional roles in a larger system. #$FunctionalSystems have some of the characteristics of what James Grier Miller calls 'living systems'. Instances of #$BiologicalLivingObject, #$Organization, and #$GeopoliticalEntity are all considered to be #$FunctionalSystems in the #$FunctionalRoleAnalysisMt. NOTE: In Cyc something as simple as a shield or TurtleShell can qualify as a 'System' so the requirement for two objects may need to be taken liberally: a shield needs a handle to function, so the handle and plate of the shield can qualify as the two objects. Usually a System has several distinct Objects that interact in some way beyond merely being attached to each other. @@ToDo: Although this generic notion of System is not a PhysicalObject, it can have PhysicalObjects as subtypes and instances. Representing a particular PhysicalObject or type of Object as a System is to assert a view of the PhysicalObject as something functional, and to provide a formal mechanism for discussing the structure and states of the System. The restriction that requires specifying an 'ObjectGroup' (or GroupType) will force the ontologist to specify at least some of the components of a System - the ObjectGroup specified should but does not have to include all of the Objects that characterize the System; therefore one may specify that an Object is a System but not be required to describe all of the component objects, just some of them. The view of a PhysicalObject as a System may at first seem to be a contradiction: how can something be a GroupOfObjects and also be a System, which is a Group containing the same Objects, plus other things -(Attributes and Relations). This is not a Contradiction, precisely because an Object that is viewed as a System is not merely a GroupOfObjects - the view as a System describes the Object as a whole, whereas a View of its component parts is only a partial view of the Object. As of v0.52 this inclusion of different views of a complex object does not appear to be logically incoherent, and it does not appear that these alternate views will cause any problems. This is in a way reminiscent of Cyc's CompositeTangibleAndIntangible category, but judiciously used. Possibly the relations should be considered not as a part of the System, but an attribute, and that could avoid any logical problems.For later. Because a System is more than just the Objects it contains (it includes the relations), it is not represented as an ObjectGroup, but is related to the Objects it contains by the 'containsObjects' relation. Formally, the relations among the objects are part of the system but at this point it is not clear that attempting to represent those relations generically will be useful. Perhaps that will be useful at a future point. Note that a System, whether artifactual or natural, must have a DesignFunction. If the System is broken, diseased, or malfunctioning it may not be able to perform that function, but will still retain its identity as a System because the identity arises from the purpose (human or evolutionary) for which the System was created. NOTE: @ToDo Rev1309: The restrictions are made optional because all NaturalLanguages are ''FunctionalSystem''s,and specifying the objects of these relations, while desirable, is too time-consuming for the stage of an 'outline' as at Rev1309 Includes but is not restricted to the artifact 'systems' intended by noun sense 2 of 'system' in Wordnet: 2. (316) system - (instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; 'he bought a new stereo system'; 'the system consists of a motor and a small computer')
Super-classes	System^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op only CapabilityType^c containsObjects^op only (ObjectGroup^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	PathSystem^c EducationalSystem^c BrakeSystem^c InformationDisseminatingSystem^c Information-encoding-system^c CommunicationSystem^c AudioSystem^c Cell^c ProtectiveSystem^c NotationalSystem^c Network^c PhysiologicalSystem^c

FunctionalViability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalViability`
Description	This sense of 'viability' is a Quality of ideas and methods that are practical to carry out. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'viability' in WordNet: 2. viability - (capable of being done in a practical and useful way)`
Super-classes	Capability^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Practical^c

Functionality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Functionality`
Description	'''Functionality'' is a subtype of the Quality ''Utility'' that represents the manner of how well a Device operates. This answeres the queston of 'what can that machine do? This has some conceptual overlap with ''DesignFunction'' that has not yet been differentiated. This is placed here under the ''Quality'' ''HavingAnAttribute'' rather than under the attribute ''Capability'' to distinguish simple yes/no ability to do something (this type) from the more detailed specifics of a Device's capacity to do things. THe Wordnet verb sense 1 of 'function' seems to mean only whether something operates as expected or not - but that yes/no meaning can be taken as the limit of simplicity for a description - the job performed. Includes verb sense 1 of 'function' and verb sense 4 of 'work' in WordNet and part of noun sense 1 of 'functioning': function, work, operate, go, run - (perform as expected when applied; 'The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in'; 'Does this old car still run well?'; 'This old radio doesn't work anymore') in WordNet: WN noun 'functioning;' 1. (3) operation, functioning, performance - (process or manner of functioning or operating; 'the power of its engine determine its operation'; 'the plane's operation in high winds'; 'they compared the cooking performance of each oven'; 'the jet's performance conformed to high standards') WN noun 'functionality': 1. functionality - (capable of serving a purpose well; 'software with greater functionality')
Super-classes	Utility^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op some ActionType^c

Functionary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Functionary`
Description	NOTE: this sense of ''Functionary'' is a general type for any Person who has a position with the responsibility of performing some specific activities. For the more common sense of 'functionary' that is a government official, use subtype ''PublicOfficial''. `Corresponds approximately to part noun sense 1 of 'functionary' in WordNet: 1. official, functionary - (a worker who holds or is invested with an office)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c SkilledWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value EmploymentPosition^c
Sub-classes	Censor^c Appointee^c PublicOfficial^c Steward^c

Functionattribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Functionattribute`
Description	A ''Functionattribute'' is an instance of ''AttributeTypeType'' and subtype of ''PhysicalAttribute'' that is a combination of other ''PhysicalAttribute''s, either a ratio or a product, or some combination of ratio and product. `NOTE: the quantities that combine to make these types of attribute should be specified but as of re1161 they have not been.`
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op some AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalResistance^c Capacitance^c

Functioning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Functioning

Description

'Functioning' represents the manner of how something (usually a Device) operates (the manner of functioning); this can be represented as the set of individual events that occur in the course of normal operation. This answers the question 'how does that device work?'

       THe Wordnet verb sense 1 of 'function' seems to mean only whether something
          operates as expected or not - but that yes/no meaning can be taken as the
          limit of simplicity for a description - the job performed.
       To represent the yes/no ability of a Device to perform
          some useful function, use ''Functionality'' (a subtype of
        ''Utility'').

      Includes verb sense 1 of 'function' and verb sense 4 of 'work' in WordNet and
         noun sense 1 of 'functioning' and noun sense 8 of 'operation':
           function, work, operate, go, run - (perform as expected when applied;
             'The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in'; 'Does this old car still run well?';
             'This old radio doesn't work anymore')
       in WordNet:
         WN noun 'functioning;'
           1. (3) operation, functioning, performance - (process or manner of functioning or operating;
           'the power of its engine determine its operation'; 'the plane's operation in high winds';
           'they compared the cooking performance of each oven'; 'the jet's performance conformed 
           to high standards')

Super-classes Action^c

FunctioningOfaComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctioningOfaComputer`
Description	''FunctioningOfaComputer'' is the operation of a Computer of any size, including mainframes and mobile phones and ''EmbeddedComputer''s.
Super-classes	FunctioningOfaDevice^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Computing^c hadMainParticipant^op value Computer^c

FunctioningOfaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctioningOfaDevice`
Description	''FunctioningOfaDevice'' is a general type representing the Action a Device takes when it is ''functioning''. This should be restricted to powered devices that can function under their own power whether or not directed by a Person. For now (Rev1313) it only specifies ''Device'' in general. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'function' in WordNet: 1. (9) function, work, operate, go, run - (perform as expected when applied; 'The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in'; 'Does this old car still run well?'; 'This old radio doesn't work anymore')`
Super-classes	FunctionalEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c or SituationProcessEventOrState^c or FunctionalProcess^c or EventType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c or SituationProcessEventOrState^c or FunctionalProcess^c or EventType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	DeviceResponse^c FunctioningOfaComputer^c

Fund^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fund`
Description	Each 'Fund' is a quantity of money (in any currency) formally set aside for some particular purpose. This type is a subtype of Object, and can behave like an Object in transfers of Money; it is one of the domains of 'hadObjectMoved'. `NOTE that in Wordnet this is a subtype of 'money', but WN does not distinguish between substance-like money and a sum of money Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fund'in WordNet: 1. (29) fund, monetary fund - (a reserve of money set aside for some purpose)`
Super-classes	QuantityOfMoney^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Money^c
Sub-classes	Savings^c

FundRaising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FundRaising`
Description	''FundRaising'' is a Action with some degree of organization, not just one individual collecting money one-on-one from others. This can be either mailing appeals to many potential contributors, or organizing a ''Fundraiser'' Event for that purpose, or organizing or participating in a collection activity that uses multiple people to accept money from donors.who are passing by in a public place. This is an activity that a Person may perform as an occupation. One Person holding a gathering as a ''Fundraiser'' is also an instance of ''FundRaising''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fundraise' in WordNet: 1. fund-raise, fund raise, fundraise - (raise money for a cause or project; 'We are fundraising for AIDS research')`
Super-classes	RaisingMoney^c SpurringAnActivity^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some (NonProfitOrganization^c or CharitableOrganization^c or SupportingaCauseOrParty^c or SponsoringaPerson^c or OrganizationType^c or ActionType^c or Person^c or AgentType^c) mayBePerformedByAgent^op value Fundraiser^c

FundRaisingCampaign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FundRaisingCampaign`
Description	A ''FundRaisingCampaign' is an organized series of Actions by multiple people to raise funds (do ''FundRaising'') for some cause.
Super-classes	Campaign^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value FundRaising^c

Fundamentalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fundamentalism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fundamentalism' in WordNet: 1. fundamentalism - (the interpretation of every word in the sacred texts as literal truth)`
Super-classes	ReligiousBeliefs^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fundamentalist^c

Fundamentalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fundamentalist`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fundamentalist' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fundamentalist, fundamentalistic - (of or relating to or tending toward fundamentalism)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

FundamentalistPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FundamentalistPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fundamentalist' in WordNet: 1. fundamentalist - (a supporter of fundamentalism)`
Super-classes	ProtestantPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fundamentalist^c

Funded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Funded`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'funded' in Wordnet: 1. funded - (furnished with funds; 'well-funded research')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Funder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Funder`
Description	A ''Funder'' is any ''IntelligentAgent'' (including groups or organizations) that performs a ''FundingaProject'' action for any Project. This is often a 'funding agency' such as DARPA, but sometmes is an individual Person. Persos who provide theor own personal money for a project with no expectation of reimbursement form any other source are not considered ''Funder''s in this sense.
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FundingaProject^c

FundingAnInsitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FundingAnInsitution`
Description	''FundingAnInsitution'' is a ''FundingaProject''where the Project is an Institution. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'funding' in WordNet: 1. support, financial support, funding, backing, financial backing - (financial resources provided to make some project possible; 'the foundation provided support for the experiment')`
Super-classes	FundingaProject^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some Institution^c

FundingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FundingMoney`
Description	''FundingMoney''is a ''QuantityOfMoney'' provided by a ''FundingaProject'' Action. `in WN 'financing' is only related to the verb, but that term is also used to refer to the money provided. RWH noun sense 2 of 'financing': 2. the funds so obtained. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'funding' in WordNet: 1. support, financial support, funding, backing, financial backing - (financial resources provided to make some project possible; 'the foundation provided support for the experiment')`
Super-classes	QuantityOfMoney^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some FundingaProject^c
Sub-classes	Endowment^c

FundingaProject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FundingaProject`
Description	''FundingaProject''is a ''ProvidingMonetarySupport'' for a specific 'project' that is not merely supporting individuals or ongoing operations (such as charitable organizations) but for projects that are newly undertaken; This includes non-profit research, artistic projects such as plays or monuments, as well as commercial enterprises where the funding is startup capital. Where the ''FundingaProject'' supports some ''Institution'' use subtype ''FundingAnInsitution''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'funding' and verb sense 6 of 'fund' in WordNet: 1. support, financial support, funding, backing, financial backing - (financial resources provided to make some project possible; 'the foundation provided support for the experiment') 2. financing, funding - (the act of financing) WN verb 'fund': 6. fund - (furnish money for; 'The government funds basic research in many areas')
Super-classes	SpurringAnActivity^c ProvidingMonetarySupport^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some SelfStarter^c isPerformedBy^op some Funder^c
Sub-classes	FundingAnInsitution^c SubsidizingSomething^c

Fundraiser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fundraiser`
Description	A ''Fundraiser'' is a ''Petitioner'' who requests funds for some activity or Organization, typically a non-profit Organization. This may be performed as a full-time job. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fundraiser' in WordNet: 1. fundraiser - (someone who solicits financial contributions)`
Super-classes	Petitioner^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FundRaising^c

FundraisingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FundraisingEvent`
Description	A ''FundraisingEvent'' is a ''SocialGathering'' that is organized for the purpose of ''FundRaising'' for some cause. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fundraiser' in WordNet: 2. fundraiser - (a social function that is held for the purpose of raising money)`
Super-classes	SocialGathering^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value FundRaising^c

Funeral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Funeral

Description

SUMO: A FormalMeeting whose purpose is to commemorate the Death of someone.

       NOTE that this is a memorial service that may or may not
       precede an actual burial.  The act of formally burying a body
       is represented as 'IntermentRite'; if a funeral service
       is held at the site of burial, it can be both a 'Funeral' and
       an 'IntermentRite'.

       This is close to but not identical to the only sense of Wordnet 'funeral',
         which includes the interment.

        WN 'funeral'
       in WordNet:
         1. (8) funeral - (a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cremated;
             'hundreds of people attended his funeral')

Super-classes CommemorationEvent^c
Ceremony^c

FuneraryAshes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FuneraryAshes`
Description	An instance of 'FuneraryAshes' is the object consisting of the ashes of an animal that were retained in some container after cremation. If the ashes are too dispersed among other objects to be recognizable, they are still 'Remains' but are not 'FuneraryAshes'. `Includes but may not solely consist of 'bone ash' - noun sense 1 of 'bone ash' in WordNet: 1. bone ash - (ash left when bones burn; high in calcium phosphate; used as fertilizer and in bone china)`
Super-classes	Remains^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ashes^c isProducedByEventType^op value Cremating^c wasOfType^op value Animal^c

Fungal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fungal

Description

''Fungal'' is the attribute that pertains to a ''Fungus'' or anything asociated with a ''Fungus''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fungal' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) fungal, fungous - (of or relating to fungi)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

FungalInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FungalInfection`
Description	CYC: An instance of #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType, and a specialization of #$Infection. Each instance of #$FungalInfection is an infection caused by fungi (see the constant #$Fungus). Specializations of #$FungalInfection include #$Histoplasmosis and #$AthletesFoot. `No specific 'fingal infection' in WN`
Super-classes	Infection^c
Restrictions	mayBeTreatedBy^op some AntifungalDrug^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op some Fungus^c

Fungus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fungus`
Description	A specialization of both #$EukaryoticOrganism and #$Heterotroph, and an instance of #$BiologicalKingdom. Instances of #$Fungus are eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that are typically not capable of movement. The cell walls of instances of #$Fungus are structurally similar to the cell walls of #$Plants, but the former are composed mostly of chitin, while the latter are composed mostly of cellulose (see the collections #$Chitin and #$Cellulose). Instances of #$Fungus reproduce by means of spores, which are usually disseminated by the wind. Some types of #$Fungus are parasites (see the collection #$ParasiticOrganism), some are saprophytic (see the collection #$Saprophyte), and some have symbiotic relationships with other organisms. Notable specializations of #$Fungus include #$Mushroom, #$Yeast, and #$RingwormFungus. `SUMO: A eukaryotic Organism characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and the presence of rigid cell walls. Included here are both slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts, molds, mildews, and mushrooms. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'fungus' (but not necessarily parasitic!) in WordNet: 1. fungus - (a parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores)`
Super-classes	NonFloweringPlant^c Heterotroph^c
Sub-classes	Mushroom^c Mold-Fungus^c Lichen^c Mildew^c Saccharomyces^c Yeast^c

Funky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Funky

Description

''Funky'' as applied to manners of dress or other types of 'appearance' indicates a style that is intended to be ''Fashionable'' or ''Stylish'' in being pleasant to look at, but also unconventional, to avoid just 'following the crowd'. ?Can it be individualistic??

        Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'funky' in Wordnet:
          3. funky - (stylish and modern in an unconventional way;
            'she likes funky clothes'; 'we did it all in black and white in a very funky sixties style')

Super-classes Unconventional^c
Fashionable^c
Stylish^c

Funnel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Funnel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'funnel' in WordNet: 2. funnel - (a conically shaped utensil having a narrow tube at the small end; used to channel the flow of substances into a container with a small mouth)`
Super-classes	Utensil^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Tube^c hasEndingObject^op value Tube^c hasShape^op value Conical^c

Funneling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Funneling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'funnel' in WordNet: 1. (1) funnel - (move or pour through a funnel; 'funnel the liquid into the small bottle')`
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PouringLiquidFromaContainer^c requiresResource^op value Funnel^c

Funny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Funny`
Description	'Funny' is 'Amusing' in a way that causes at least some people to laugh. There may be disagreement as to whether a specific thing is Funny, therefore this is a subtype of EvaluativeAttribute. Something more generally considered as 'funny' is labeled as ''Humorous''. This may be used for attempts at humor evoking 'That's not funny'. For Events that are Funny,see 'FunnyEvent'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'funny' and sense 2 of 'amusing' and sense 1 of 'comical' in WordNet: 1. amusing, comic, comical, funny, laughable, mirthful, risible - (arousing or provoking laughter; 'an amusing film with a steady stream of pranks and pratfalls'; 'an amusing fellow'; 'a comic hat'; 'a comical look of surprise'; 'funny stories that made everybody laugh'; 'a very funny writer'; 'it would have been laughable if it hadn't hurt so much'; 'a mirthful experience'; 'risible courtroom antics')
Super-classes	Amusing^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value FunnyEvent^c
Sub-classes	Hilarious^c Clownish^c Humorous^c

FunnyEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunnyEvent`
Description	A 'FunnyEvent' is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to experience 'Mirth'. The Event causing 'Mirth' does not necessarily have to be an action of a cognitive agent, because amusement can occur due to naturally occurring events involving inanimate objects. `The restriction 'causes Laughing' means that it often causes Laughing, though not always.`
Super-classes	AmusementEvent^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Funny^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Mirth^c causes^op value Laughing^c

Fur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fur`
Description	Thick hair on non-human mammals, not including the skin. `This is a substance; In Cyc the usage differs, where 'Fur' is an object, not a substance - see 'FurObject' for the object. NOTE that among the three WN senses of 'fur', we use sense 2 to be the substance, and senses 1 and 3 to be objects consisting of that substance. This includes both the natural in situ fur on an animal as well as the pelt taken fom an animal: includes noun sense 1 and 2 of 'fur' in WordNet: 2. (1) fur - (dense coat of fine silky hairs on mammals (e.g., cat or seal or weasel))`
Super-classes	Hair^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Mammal^c isPartOfOrAttachedTo^op value Mammal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Furry^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dense^c

FurCoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FurCoat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fur coat' in Wordnet: 1. fur coat - (a coat made of fur)`
Super-classes	FurPiece^c Coat^c
Sub-classes	MinkCoat^c

FurObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FurObject`
Description	An Object consisting of some quantity of Fur from a mammal, whether in situ or as an artifact. Note that this includes both the hair and the skin. For a garment artifact piece of fur including the skin, use 'FurPiece'; when it is still on the animal, a piece of skin and fur together would be a subtype 'Hide-AnimalBodyPart' (not yet represented rev1007). Cyc (an Object, not a substance): Hair on non-human mammals Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'fur' in WordNet, but also includes pelts not yet formed into a garment: in WordNet: 1. (8) fur, pelt - (the dressed hairy coat of a mammal) 3. fur - (a garment made of the dressed hairy coat of a mammal)
Super-classes	MobOfHair-Mammal^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Skin^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Furry^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fur^c
Sub-classes	Pelt^c FurPiece^c

FurPiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FurPiece`
Description	A Garment mainly consisting of some quantity of Fur from a mammal. This is a piece of hide that includes the FurObject attached to the skin, formed into a garment. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fur' in WordNet, but also includes pelts not yet formed into a garment: in WordNet: 3. fur - (a garment made of the dressed hairy coat of a mammal)`
Super-classes	FurObject^c ArtifactObject^c Garment^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fur^c
Sub-classes	FurCoat^c

Furious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Furious

Description

To be ''Furious'' is to be extremely '''Angry''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'furious' in Wordnet:
      2. (4) angered, enraged, furious, infuriated, maddened -
       (marked by extreme anger; 'the enraged bull attached'; 
       'furious about the accident'; 'a furious scowl'; 
       'infuriated onlookers charged the police who were beating the boy'; 
       'could not control the maddened crowd')

Super-classes Angry^c

Furiously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Furiously`
Description	''Furiously'' is an AdverbialModifier that Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'furiously' in Wordnet: 2. (2) furiously - (in a manner marked by extreme or violent energy; 'the boys fought furiously'; 'she went peddling furiously up the narrow street')
Super-classes	Vigorously^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntensiveThan^op value Vigorously^c

Furnace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Furnace`
Description	A ''Furnace'' is a ''HeatingDevice'' with: (1) a ''Chamber'' that heats materials in the chamber for any of several purposes; and (2) either (2a) a ''Firebox'' in which some fuel is burned to heat the chamber, or (2b) some electrical heating element(s) that can heat the chamber and the materials in it. This can be a furnace to heat the air of a houses, in which case the material in the chamber may be the air itself (if ducted to the rooms to be heated), or water - circulated as hot water or as ''Steam'' to radiators in the rooms to be heated. Or,it can be to smelt ores, or to heat materials in a laboratory setting for research, or just to burn refuse, or for any other purpose that can be accomplished by controlled heating of materials.; CYC: An enclosed structure in which heat is produced, e.g a furnace in a building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'furnace' in WordNet: 1. (1) furnace - (an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.)
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c HeatingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value HeatingChamber^c
Sub-classes	Kiln^c Forge^c

FurnishingaSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FurnishingaSpace`
Description	'FurnishingaSpace' is a subtype of 'Providing' in which some IntelligentAgent puts PhysicalObjects into a space within some PhysicalObject (a ''Cavity''), so that they may be used in an appropriate manner. This is broad, but includes furnishing a house or apartment with furniture, or a laboratory with equipment, or a factory with machinery (i.e.frunishing a ''SpaceInAHOC''), or the inside of a machine etc. `Furnishing an object or space with physical objects (e.g. furnishing a room with decorations or furniture) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'furnish', sense 1 of'provide' and sense 1 of 'supply' in WordNet: 1. (28) supply, provide, render, furnish - (provide or furnish with; 'We provided the room with an electrical heater')`
Super-classes	Equipping^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some Cavity^c

Furnishings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Furnishings`
Description	NOTE that this type 'Furnishings'' is for objects that are used to support normal living actions inside a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' whether home or office, or some public place where people perform normal actions, as in waiting areas (seats, other furniture, TV sets). Specifying ''HouseholdRoutine'' as a use does not cover all the uses for 'Furnishings' but does not preclude others, which could make up a long list. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'furnishing' in WordNet: 2. furnishing - ((usually plural) the instrumentalities (furniture and appliances and other movable accessories including curtains and rugs) that make a home (or other area) livable)`
Super-classes	DeviceGroup^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HouseholdRoutine^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Person^c isNormallyLocatedAt^op value HumanOccupationConstruct^c

FurnitureLeg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FurnitureLeg`
Description	A Rod that is a part of a ''FurniturePiece'' used as a support vertically aligned in the gravitational field. A ''FurnitureLeg'' may be short, as on the bottom of a bed or chest of drawers, or longer, as on a chair or table. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg' in Wordnet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c LegOfArtifact^c Rod^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value FurniturePiece^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FurniturePiece^c
Sub-classes	ChairLeg^c

FurniturePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FurniturePart`
Description	CYC: The collection of all parts made for #$FurniturePieces.
Super-classes	HumanOccupationConstructObject^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some FurniturePiece^c
Sub-classes	Veneer^c Drawer^c BackRest^c ArmRest^c PictureFrame^c

FurniturePiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FurniturePiece`
Description	COSMO note: following the Cyc categorization, a FurniturePiece can be any of a variety of things found in a house, such as a Piano or a Refrigerator. To distinguish FurniturePiece from other object such as decorations, a FurniturePiece must stand on the floor, or some platform on the floor. Something placed on a shelf or hanging from a wall or the ceiling is not a FurniturePiece (it would be, e.g. a decoration or fixture). A piece of furniture is a NonAgentive artifact - therefore a 'smart' refrigerator that can reorder supplies may be an Agent, but not an IntentionalAgent - it can't form plans of its own, it can only carry out orders. IF appliances get a lot smarter, this categorization may have to be modified (adding non-agentive furniture?). NOTE also that here 'furniture' is treated as a single object, not a substance consisting of multiple objects. To talk about the 'furniture' plural of a room, one need a 'FurnitureGroup' (not represented yet in rev1007). Cyc: A specialization of #$DurableGoods, #$HumanOccupationConstructObject, and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$FurniturePiece is a durable artifact of a type that is typically used in human dwellings (see #$HumanShelterConstruction) to make them more comfortable. Many useful specializations of this collection can be classified according to the main function their instances serve. Such functions include: (i) providing support for people's bodies while they are seated or reclining (e.g. #$Bed-PieceOfFurniture and #$FootStool), (ii) providing work or activity surfaces (e.g. #$Desk-PieceOfFurniture and #$DiningRoomTable), (iii) providing organized or protective storage for one's belongings (e.g. #$Dresser-PieceOfFurniture and #$Bookcase-PieceOfFurniture), and (iv) providing illumination (e.g. #$ElectricLamp). Most pieces of furniture are #$NonPoweredDevices (q.v.) in that they don't need any energy input in order to serve their function; but of course there are plenty of exceptions to this, such as electric lamps, console TVs, and hospital beds. Note that #$FurniturePiece only includes _whole_ pieces of furniture; e.g. a sofa is an instance, but an arm of a sofa is not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'furniture' in WordNet: 1. (11) furniture, piece of furniture, article of furniture - (furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy; 'they had too much furniture for the small apartment'; 'there was only one piece of furniture in the room')
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	isOnTopOf^op value Floor^c
Sub-classes	WindowSeat^c ChestOfDrawers^c Piano^c Sofa^c Bookcase^c FootStool^c Table-Furniture^c OfficeFurniture^c BookRack^c Pew^c Buffet^c Bed^c Wardrobe-Furniture^c Object-SupportingFurniture^c Bench^c DisplayCase^c

Furrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Furrow`
Description	A ''Furrow'' is a shallow ''Trench'' that is created for plating and growing crops. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'furrow' in WordNet: 1. (1) furrow - (a long shallow trench in the ground (especially one made by a plow))`
Super-classes	Trench^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value GrowingPlants^c isUsedInAction^op value CommercialFarming^c isProducedByEventType^op value Plowing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shallow^c

Furry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Furry

Description

''Furry'' is the property of having thick hair on the surface - of a live animal or of a ''Hide'' or of a synthetic fur piece or toy animal.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'furry' in WordNet:
        1. (1) furred, furry - 
           (covered with a dense coat of fine silky hairs; 'furred animals'; 'a furry teddy bear')

Super-classes Hairy^c

Fuse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fuse`
Description	This sense of ''Fuse'' includes as subtypes all types of ''CombustionDevice''s that are used to initiate an ''Explosion'' of an ''ExplosiveDevice'', including cordlike fuses for firecrackers or other devices containing ''Gunpowder'' or other types of easily ignited explosive material, and also ''Detonator''s that cause the detonation of a high explosive. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fuse' in WordNet: 2. fuse, fuze, fusee, fuzee, primer, priming - (any igniter that is used to initiate the burning of a propellant)`
Super-classes	Device-OneTimeUse^c Igniter^c CombustionDevice^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice^c allowsOrAssists^op value IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value CombustibleSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Detonator^c

Fusing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fusing`
Description	`NOTE that ''Fusing'' is for SolidObjects and the parent ''Melting'' is for LiquidbOjects, but both occur simultaneously. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fuse' in WordNet: 2. (1) fuse - (become plastic or fluid or liquefied from heat; 'The substances fused at a very high temperature')`
Super-classes	Melting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SolidObject^c produces^op value LiquidObject^c

FusionWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FusionWeapon`
Description
Super-classes	NuclearWeapon^c
Sub-classes	HydrogenBomb^c

Fuss^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fuss

Description

A minor ''DisorderlyActivity'' potentially caused by the objections of one or a few people.

      VerbalArguingEvent

      Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'fuss' in Wordnet:
         4. bustle, hustle, flurry, ado, fuss, stir - (a rapid active commotion)

Super-classes DisorderlyActivity^c

Futile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Futile

Description

The attribute of an Action that produced no useful part of the intended result. This is less effective than the parent attribute ''Ineffectual'', which can be used for Actions that produce something useful, but not the full intended result.

      Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'futile' and part of sense 1 of 
        'ineffectual'  in WordNet:
         1. (2) futile, ineffectual, otiose, unavailing - (producing no result or effect;
              'a futile effort'; 'the therapy was ineffectual'; 'an otiose undertaking';
              'an unavailing attempt')
    WN adj 'ineffective'
      1. ineffective, uneffective, ineffectual - (not producing an intended effect;
      'an ineffective teacher'; 'ineffective legislation')

Super-classes Ineffectual^c
Useless^c

Futility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Futility`
Description	''Futility'' is the quality of an Action) that is ''Futile' (not accomplishing the desired result) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'futility' in WordNet: 1. (5) futility - (uselessness as a consequence of having no practical result)`
Super-classes	Uselessness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Futile^c

FutureMeeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FutureMeeting`
Description	A ''FutureMeeting'' is a ''Meeting'' that is a ''GoalSituation'' agreed to by two or more people, as the 'desired future situation' contemplated in an ''Appointment''..
Super-classes	SocialInteraction^c PromisedAction^c GoalSituation^c Meeting^c Event-Organized^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op value Appointment^c

FutureSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FutureSituation`
Description	A FutureSituation is a Situation, Process, Event, or State that either has not yet happened, i.e. that still lies in the Future at the time that the instance is recorded in some database or mentioned in some document. or is an ongoing Event that has started but has not yet been completed (such as a 'Task'' that has started); that would have been completely in the future at some time, and the ending is still in the future. To avoid commlcations, a 'Task'' that has started and not been completed is still a ''FutureSitution'' until completed, altough the completed parts, if identifiable will not themselves be ''FutureSituation''s. Thereforethe restriction on Time location is not confined to ''FutureTimeInterval''s. Obviously, instances of this category must have some base time as a referent, since Events that are future at one time will, if they become actual, be past at a later time. Once a 'FutureSituation' becomes actual and comes to an end, it has the attribute 'Finished'. But this category is particularly useful to make clear the meaning of some Mental entities that reference future events, such as 'Goal' and 'Task' and 'Obligation'. NOTE that this is a subtype of ''UnknownEvent'' - a ''FutureSituation'' is unknown to every mortal - though one may make good guesses as to some future events - e.g. an eclipse (if our solar system is not destroyed before it happens) WordNet does not have a 'future situation' as such,only a future time, but that sense of 'future' is closest to this,though more closely related to 'FutureTimeInterval': in WordNet: 1. (46) future, hereafter, futurity, time to come - (the time yet to come)
Super-classes	SituationProcessEventOrState^c UnknownEvent^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalLocation^op some FutureTimeInterval^c occurredLaterThan^op value TimePointOfReference^c
Sub-classes	PromisedAction^c PredictedEvent^c PossibleFutureSituation^c FutureWeatherEvent^c DesiredFutureSituation^c NecessaryFutureSituation^c ObligedAction^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatCanWriteChecks http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomeFutureSituation

FutureSituationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FutureSituationType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of ''FutureSituation'' as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	EventType^c
Members	PromisedAction DesiredFutureUse PredictedEvent FutureSituation IncentivizingPromisedAction GoalSituation AlternativeAction DesiredFutureSituation DreamComeTrue StipulationCondition BankingConvenience PersonalSuccess

FutureTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FutureTimeInterval`
Description	A FutureTimeInterval is a TimeInterval that occurs after some TimePointOfReference, on the universal time line. `This is for some specific future time interval; the sense of 'future' meaning all future time would be a subtype of this. For one time point in the future, use the subtype 'FutureTimePoint'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'future' in WordNet, but this sense can be for some specific future time interval, whereas WN sense seems to include all of the future time: in WordNet: 1. (46) future, hereafter, futurity, time to come - (the time yet to come)`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	occurredLaterThan^op value TimePointOfReference^c
Sub-classes	Someday^c Forever^c FutureTimePoint^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfterDTEG20081201.09 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfterDTEG10171122 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfterDTEG10171120.09 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG20081201.10-11

FutureTimePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FutureTimePoint`
Description	A FutureTimePoint is a TimePoint that occurs after the TimePointOfreference.
Super-classes	TimePoint^c FutureTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	Deadline^c

FutureWeatherEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FutureWeatherEvent`
Description	A WeatherEvent that is a 'FutureSituation' - it may be expected, predicted or otherwise hypothesized.
Super-classes	FutureSituation^c WeatherEvent^c

Futurism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Futurism`
Description	This ''Futurism'' is a ''WorldView'' that considers possible futures as significant indicators of the value of present ''HumanActivity''s. `The 'futurism' as an art movement is not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'futurism' in WordNet: 2. futurism - (the position that the meaning of life should be sought in the future)`
Super-classes	WorldView^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureBenefit^c hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureDanger^c hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureSituation^c

Futuristic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Futuristic

Description

This ''Futuristic'' includes characterization of the styles in products of various kinds (including Architecture) that conjure up images of imagined ''PossibleFutureSituation''s.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'futuristic' in Wordnet:
         1. futuristic, futurist - (of or relating to futurism; 'futurist art')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Fuzz^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fuzz`
Description	The substance ''Fuzz'' is a ''HairLikeSubstance'' consisting of a number of short hair-like fibers that can be natural (as on a peach or sparse hair on a body), or synthetic as on a felt-like piece of cloth. `RHW 'fuzz' 1: 'loose, light, fibrous, or fluffy matter.' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'fuzz' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hair, fuzz, tomentum - (filamentous hairlike growth on a plant; 'peach fuzz')`
Super-classes	HairLikeSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fuzzy^c

Fuzzy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fuzzy

Description

Having multiple short hairs or fibers on a sheetlike surface.

         Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'fuzzy' in WordNet:
            1. (2) fuzzed, fuzzy - (covering with fine light hairs;
              'his head fuzzed like a dandelion gone to seed')

Super-classes Rough^c
SheetLike^c

G-force^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#G-force

Description

The ''G-force'' is approximatel equal to 32 feet per second per second (32 ft/sec^2).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'g-force' in WordNet:
         1. g, gee, g-force - (a unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity;
           used to indicate the force to which a body is subjected when it is accelerated)

Super-classes ForceUnit^c
FunctionQuantity^c

GML_DirectionMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GML_DirectionMeasure`
Description	GML_DirectionMeasure is a DirectionMeasure expressed in the manner specified in the Geography markup language (GML) standard from the Open Geospatial Consortium. (see http://www.opengis.net/gml/)
Super-classes	DirectionMeasure^c

Gadget^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gadget`
Description	A ''Gadget'' is a generic term for any ''HandHeld'' ''Device'', used when the name is forgotten or the purpose of the Device is unknown, or to refer to such Devices generally. NOTE: there seems little difference between the 'gadget' synset and 'doohickey' synset, so these are merged. The WN gloss of 'gadget' only specifies being useful, but that is a characteristic of every Device. Distinctions might be possible after a large number of tags are available in a text corpus. Perhaps the 'thingamajig' could be used for objects of unspecified size, as a parent of ''Gadget''? NOTE: the restriction requires that the ''Gadget' be small enough to be ''HandHeld''. Larger Devices may use some of the terms that suggest that the speaker merely forgot the name, but those would need a separate entry. perhaps a generic 'UnspecifiedObject'? Includes noun sense 1 of 'gadget' ans sense 1 of 'doohickey' in WordNet: 1. (9) appliance, contraption, contrivance, convenience, gadget, gizmo, gismo, widget - (a device or control that is very useful for a particular job) WN noun 'doohickey': 1. doodad, doohickey, doojigger, gimmick, gizmo, gismo, gubbins, thingamabob, thingumabob, thingmabob, thingamajig, thingumajig, thingmajig, thingummy, whatchamacallit, whatchamacallum, whatsis, widget - (something unspecified whose name is either forgotten or not known; 'she eased the ball-shaped doodad back into its socket'; 'there may be some great new gizmo around the corner that you will want to use')
Super-classes	Device^c PointyEndedObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HandHeld^c

Gadolinium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gadolinium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of gadolinium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gadolinium' in WordNet:
          1. gadolinium, Gd, atomic number 64 - 
             (a ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent 
               metallic element of the rare earth group)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Gaffe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gaffe

Description

Doing something 'socially awkward'. NOTE: in politics, a comments that appears to reflect unfavorably on a politician may be called a 'gaffe., but that depends on context and interpretation. In one view, saying something that is true when a lie or evasion would be more politically expedient is called a 'gaffe'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gaffe' in WordNet:
          1. faux pas, gaffe, solecism, slip, gaucherie - (a socially awkward or tactless act)

Super-classes MinorMistake^c

Gainful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gainful

Description

"'Paid'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that may or may not be a ''WorkingEvent'', for which the person doing the work was compensated, by money or other valuable thing. Being provided with food during work time is not considered as being compensated.

    RHW 'gainful':
       profitable; lucrative: gainful employment.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 and part of sense 3 (or individuals,
          not enterprises) of 'paid' in WordNet:
        2. (1) nonrecreational, paid - (involving gainful employment 
           in something often done as a hobby)
       3. gainful, paid, paying - (yielding a fair profit)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

GainingControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GainingControl`
Description	The Event in which an Agent takes control of something, physical or abstract. The subtype 'Obtaining' is for getting control of a PhysicalObject. An abstract thing one can 'obtain' can be a Right. This is interpreted somewhat differently from 'Getting' in SUMO, and is classified as a synonym of 'GainingControl' In SUMO this term is a ChangeOfPossession, but in COSMO it is not necessarily so, it is a supertype. SUMO: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the agent gets something. Note that the source from which something is obtained is specified with the origin CaseRole. The taking control need not involve another agent losing control - something can be taken from a natural setting, or something abandoned may be taken up by another person. Also, this does not imply any change of ownership, it is purely the Event of an Agent gaining control of something. NOTE that this includes, but is not only, the Event of acquiring physical possession of a PhysicalObject- this can be getting an abstract object. For the mosre specific sense, use 'Obtaining' In SUMO this term is a ChangeOfPossession, but in COSMO it is not necessarily so, it is a supertype. Cyc: A collection of events and a specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. Each instance of this collection is an event in which something comes under the control of (cf. #$takesControl) some #$Agent. 'Control' here means the ability on the part of an agent to determine 'what happens to' another object or agent. In the case where the thing controlled exhibits 'activities' or 'behavior', this extends to a nontrivial ability to direct or circumscribe some important aspect of the behavior that the object or agent exhibits. Examples include capturing a wild longhorn and mining for gold. For cases where the thing controlled was previously under the control of another agent, see #$TransferOfControl. See also #$GainingControlOfFn. Note that this collection should not be conflated with #$GainingUserRights. The right (moral, legal, whatever) to make use of something is not the same thing as the ability to control that thing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'obtain' in WordNet: 1. (118) obtain - (come into possession of; 'How did you obtain the visa?')
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some (IntelligentAgent^c or IntelligentAgentType^c)
Sub-classes	PersonalGain^c Obtaining^c TakingSomething^c Borrowing^c UnilateralGetting^c TransferOfControl^c InheritingProperty^c AcceptingSomething^c

GainingFreedom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GainingFreedom`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$TransferOfControl events in which an #$Agent of some kind is released from some kind of significant check of his, her, or its freedom-of-action. The release may be intentional on the part of the agent hitherto exerting control (see #$BeingFreedFromControl) or it may be unintentional (see #$EscapingFromControl)
Super-classes	TransferOfControl^c
Restrictions	resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value Freedom^c
Sub-classes	EscapingFromControl^c

GainingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GainingSomething`
Description	''GainingSomething'' is is the most general sense of 'gaining' or getting'. This is any event in which something - an Object, a Function, an attribute, a part, or something that is a ''ValuableThing'' for any Agent - is gained by that agent, in part or in total, in any fashion, by an Action of creating, growth, finding something, earning something, being given something or any other means of gaining - though not necessarily 'GainingControl', as some cherished animal or Person - a friend or relative - may provide a gain in joy without any means of control. `'gaining something back' that was previously lost or lent or misplaced or stolen would be under the subtype ''Regaining'' This is not necesarily a ''GoodThing'' because the gaining may be illegal or accomplished by theft or violence. Even given that 'good' is relative to the agent involved, that attribute cannnot be ascribed here. A subtype may be labeled 'good without potential conflict.`
Super-classes	Creation^c
Sub-classes	EarningSomething^c GrowingSomething^c

GainingUserRights^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GainingUserRights`
Description	A specialization of #$ChangeInUserRights. In each instance of #$GainingUserRights, some #$Agent acquires a right to use an item. The item in question is identified as the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer, and the agent is the #$toPossessor (that is, the one to whom the possession comes). The #$Agent may or may not be a #$deliberateActors in the event; for example, buying a car is done on purpose, but receiving a car as a gift isn't. Either of these events, however, would be an instance of the collection #$GainingUserRights.
Super-classes	Event^c TransferIn^c ChangeInUserRights^c
Sub-classes	Sharing^c ChangeOfPossession^c TakingSomething^c

Gait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gait`
Description	This is the manner of moving (walk,trot, gallop) on foot. The rate could be a subtype of ''Pace''. `NOTE: this is a manner, which may connote some information on the rate of moving. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gait' in WordNet: 1. (10) pace, gait - (the rate of moving (especially walking or running))`
Super-classes	Ambulation^c
Sub-classes	Prancing^c Running^c Galloping^c Walking^c Jogging^c Trotting^c

Gala^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gala`
Description	`RHW 'gala': 1.a carousal; any noisy merrymaking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gala' in WordNet: 1. gala, gala affair, jamboree, blowout - (a gay festivity)`
Super-classes	PleasantThing^c Celebration^c Event-Organized^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Festive^c

Galactic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galactic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'galactic' in Wordnet: 1. galactic - (of or relating to a galaxy (especially our galaxy the Milky Way); 'the galactic plane')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Galaxy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galaxy`
Description	A galaxy is an 'AstronomicalObject'. It includes Earth's galaxy, because it is located in OuterSpace, and is not (wholly) located on Earth. Every ''Galaxy'' has many thousands of stars. and often hundreds of billions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galaxy' in Wordnet: 3. galaxy, extragalactic nebula - ((astronomy) a collection of star systems; any of the billions of systems each having many stars and nebulae and dust; ''extragalactic nebula'' is a former name for ''galaxy'')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c AstronomicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2000
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilkyWay

Gale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gale`
Description	A strong ''Wind''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gale' in Wordnet: 1. gale - (a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale)`
Super-classes	Wind^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Strong^c

Galena^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galena`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galena' in WordNet: 1. galena - (soft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c

GallBladder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallBladder`
Description	Storage sack for bile. `RHW: a pear-shaped, muscular sac attached to the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallbladder' in WordNet: 1. (1) gallbladder - (a muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion)`
Super-classes	InternalOrgan^c Sac-Organic^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Bile^c isConnectedTo^op value Liver^c secretes^op value Bile^c

GallStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallStone`
Description	CYC: The collection of objects formed by buildup of minerals in the gall bladder. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallstone' in WordNet: 1. gallstone, bilestone - (a calculus formed in the gall bladder or its ducts)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c OrganicObject^c InanimateObject-Natural^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Mineral^c isLocatedAt^op value GallBladder^c

GallStoneCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallStoneCondition`
Description	An ailment characterized by the build-up of gall-stones in the body.
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value GallStone^c

Galleon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galleon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galleon' in WordNet: 1. galleon - (a large square-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts; used by the Spanish for commerce and war from the 15th to 18th centuries)`
Super-classes	MilitaryWatercraft^c SailingShip^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Mast^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Antiquated^c

Gallery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gallery`
Description	A ''Gallery'' is a ''Balcony'' at the back of a lerge room used for meetings or performances, were spectators (''Onlooker''s) can observe thee proceedings. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'gallery' in WordNet: 6. gallery - (narrow recessed balcony area along an upper floor on the interior of a building; usually marked by a colonnade)`
Super-classes	Balcony^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value GalleryOfSpectators^c
Sub-classes	TheaterGallery^c

GalleryOfSpectators^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GalleryOfSpectators`
Description	A 'SpectatorGallery'' is an ''AudienceOfSpectators'' required to sit or stand within some specified confined are while watching a performance, not allowed to interfere with the action.. `Examples: spectators on the sidelines of a golf match, the spectators in a balcony of a meeting room, as in a congressional meeting, or the 'Peanut Gallery' watching a performance from a portion of the room during a broadcast of a children's show (also used figuratively). Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'gallery' in WordNet: 1. gallery - (spectators at a golf or tennis match)`
Super-classes	AudienceOfSpectators^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Onlooker^c

Galley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galley`
Description	Thee two WN senses of ''Galley'' can be distinguished, but are merged until more detail is needed. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'galley' in WordNet: 1. galley - (a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading) 2. galley - ((classical antiquity) a crescent-shaped seagoing vessel propelled by oars)`
Super-classes	Watercraft^c
Restrictions	isPropelledBy^op value GalleyOar^c

GalleyKitchen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GalleyKitchen`
Description	A ''GalleyKitchen'' is a ''KitchenCompartment'' that is a small Room-like compartment of a Ship or Airplane, or for ''MobileHome''s that are large enough,for a separate compartment in a ''MobileHome'' (not just the cooking surfaces on one side). `Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'galley' in WordNet: 3. galley - (the kitchen area for food preparation on an airliner) 4. galley, ship's galley, caboose, cookhouse - (the area for food preparation on a ship)`
Super-classes	KitchenCompartment^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value CookingFood^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	ShipGalley^c

GalleyOar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GalleyOar`
Description
Super-classes	LongOar^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value Galley^c

GallinaceousBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallinaceousBird`
Description	Any of several heavy-bodies ground-feeding birds of the order Galliformes. RHW ('gallinaceous') belonging or pertaining to the order Galliformes, comprising medium-sized, mainly ground-feeding domestic or game birds, as the chicken, turkey, grouse, pheasant, and partridge. `Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'fowl' in RHW: 1. the domestic or barnyard hen or rooster; chicken. Cf. domestic fowl. 2. any of several other, usually gallinaceous, birds that are barnyard, domesticated, or wild, as the duck, turkey, or pheasant.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallinaceous bird' in WordNet: 1. gallinaceous bird, gallinacean - (heavy-bodied largely ground-feeding domestic or game birds)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	TurkeyBird^c Hen^c Poultry^c

Gallium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gallium

Description

CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of gallium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallium' in WordNet:
          1. gallium, Ga, atomic number 31 - (a rare silvery (usually trivalent) 
             metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid 
             above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

GallonJug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallonJug`
Description	A 'GallonJug' is a Jug that can contain about one gallon of a liquid. It can be made of any solid material.
Super-classes	ContainerByVolume^c Jug^c
Restrictions	hasInternalVolume^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneGallon^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallonJugPC1

Galloping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galloping`
Description	''Galloping'' is the fastest manner of moving for a Horse (or other Equine?). `NOTE: a breed of Icelandic horses has a fast 'gallop' in which the four legs are never all off the ground simultaneously - a gait called a 'tolt' (with an umlaut over the 'o'). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'gallop' in WordNet: 2. (3) gallop - (go at galloping speed; 'The horse was galloping along') WN noun 'gallop': 1. (2) gallop - (a fast gait of a horse; a two-beat stride during which all four legs are off the ground simultaneously)`
Super-classes	Gait^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Horse^c

Galosh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galosh`
Description	Boots made of rubber, worn on other shoes; protect from snow and slush. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galosh' in WordNet: 1. arctic, galosh, golosh, rubber, gumshoe - (a waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow)`
Super-classes	RainGear^c Boot^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Rubber^c

Galvanizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galvanizing`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Galvanizing event, iron or steel is coated with zinc. This coating is usually accomplished by hot-dipping, but can be done with the aid of an electric current. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'galvanize' in WordNet: 2. galvanize, galvanise - (cover with zinc; "galvanize steel")`
Super-classes	PlatingMetal^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Zinc^c produces^op some SheetOfMetal^c

GalvanizingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GalvanizingSomeone`
Description	''GalvanizingSomeone is a 'ShockingSomeone' Event which stimulates a Person to perform some Action. 'shocked into action' `NOTE: the term 'startle' in represented by the parent type ''StartlingAnAnimal'', which may cause an involuntary reaction without necessarily cause a ''PurposefulAction''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'galvanize' in WordNet: 1. startle, galvanize, galvanise - (to stimulate to action ; '..startled him awake'; 'galvanized into action')`
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c ShockingSomeone^c Stimulus^c StartlingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value PurposefulAction^c

Galvanometer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Galvanometer`
Description	A device used to measure electric current. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galvanometer' in WordNet: 1. galvanometer - (meter for detecting or comparing or measuring small electric currents)`
Super-classes	MeteringDevice^c Gauge^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value ElectricCurrent^c

Gambler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gambler`
Description	A ''Gambler'' is a ''RiskTaker''who often risks money in some form of ''Gambling'' in the hope of winning more money than risked. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gambler' in WordNet: 1. (1) gambler - (a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events)`
Super-classes	RiskTaker^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Gambling^c

Gambling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gambling`
Description	Wagering (betting) money on the outcome of some event(s) that (are believed to) have a major element of chance. This is for the common forms of 'gambling', as in casinos, lotteries, or private games. This is for intransitive and transitive uses. The Thing wagered does not have to be money, but should be something owned (some ''Property'). The ''Stakes'' need to be specified. For informal 'betting' on some event with no money at stake, use the parent ''TakingRisks''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wager' in Wordnet: WN noun 'wager': 1. bet, wager - (the act of gambling; 'he did it on a bet') WN verb 'wager': 1. bet, wager, play - (stake on the outcome of an issue; 'I bet $100 on that new horse'; 'She played all her money on the dark horse') WN verb 'gamble': 2. gamble - (play games for money) WN noun 'gaming': 1. gambling, gaming, play - (the act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning (including the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize); 'his gambling cost him a fortune'; 'there was heavy play at the blackjack table')
Super-classes	TakingRisks^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRisked^op some Stakes^c isPerformedBy^op some Gambler^c

GamblingHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GamblingHouse`
Description	A ''GamblingHouse'' is ''Building'' in which gambling is performed as a commercialvactivity. It can be small without hotel or entertainment functions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gambling house' in WordNet: 1. (2) gambling house, gambling den, gambling hell, gaming house - (a public building in which a variety of games of chance can be played (operated as a business))`
Super-classes	CommercialBuilding^c
Sub-classes	Casino^c

Game^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Game`
Description	COSMO note: some activities called 'game' by some people do not fit the Cyc definition of 'having rules'. For COSMO 'game', having some rules is a necessary condition for an activity to be a 'Game'. However,this is broader than the notion of 'game' as being something performed in competition. Specifically, any ''Sport'' is considered as a ''Game'', and that include gymnastics, often not performed in competitive situations. , Cyc: A specialization of #$DevisedStructuredActivity. Each instance of #$Game is an abstraction of a game that is played according to a semi-rigid set of rules. Each instance includes both the rules (see #$GameRulesFn) and a specification of any physical components required for play (instances of #$GameBoard, #$Ball, etc.). Neither #$Events of playing games (instances of #$PlayingAGame) nor any physical components required for play (e.g. #$GameBoards) are instances of #$Game. In SUMO, a Game is the actual act of playing the game; see 'GameEvent'. NOTE: WordNet has no sense of 'game' that formally includes only the rules. Both senses 1 and 2 are subtypes of 'event'. However, the gloss distinction between senses 1 and 2 suggests that sense 2 is intended to be the formal rules: in WordNet: 1. (640) game - (a single play of a sport or other contest; the game lasted two hours) 2. (167) game - (a contest with rules to determine a winner; you need four people to play this game)
Super-classes	DevisedStructuredActivity^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only GameEvent^c
Sub-classes	ChildsGame^c GameOfChance^c TableGame^c PartyGame^c SoccerGame^c Craps^c BoardGame^c CardGame^c Curling^c

Game-EquipmentSet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Game-EquipmentSet`
Description	Instances of #$Game-EquipmentSet are groups of objects which, taken together, form the set of things needed to play some game. Examples include: A chess set. A badminton net, birdie and two racquets. A 'Trivial Pursuit' board, timer, game pieces and cards. A set of playing cards. When someone buys a game, what they are really buying is the set of gear to play that game. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'game' in WordNet: 5. (14) game - (the game equipment needed in order to play a particular game; 'the child received several games for his birthday')`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Collectible^c Device^c SetOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	ChessSet^c BoardGame-EquipmentSet^c

GameAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameAnimal`
Description	A ''GameAnimal'' is an animal that is hunted. Usually this is a Vertebrate, but invertebrates can also be 'hunted', Q: 'feedsOn Plant?? Lions?? redo that. `An animal hunted for food or sport. This is a singular use, not the collective. @ToDo: add the collective for 'game'? Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'game' in WordNet: 4. (26) game - (animal hunted for food or sport)`
Super-classes	AnimalRole^c WildAnimal^c
Restrictions	wasPursuedInAction^op value Hunting^c
Sub-classes	GameBird^c Deer^c Prey^c

GameArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameArtifact`
Description	SUMO: An Artifact that is designed to be used as an instrument in a Game. `The notion of 'Game' used here is broad, including sports games, board games, and children's games such as 'Hide-and-Seek'. (disjointDecomposition GameArtifact GameBoard GamePiece)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c RecreationalObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Game^c
Sub-classes	BaseballEquipment^c BowlingPin^c CueStick^c Backboard-Basketball^c GamePiece^c BilliardBall^c PlayingCard^c BowlingBall^c Trampoline^c Shuttlecock^c CueBall^c GameBoard^c SoccerBall^c GolfClub^c SportsGoalObject^c PingPongBall^c Racquet^c CurlingStone^c BasketballBall^c DeckOfCards^c TennisBall^c PoolTable^c

GameBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameBird`
Description	A ''GameBird'' is a ''Bird'' that is hunted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game bird' in WordNet: 1. (1) game bird - (any bird (as grouse or pheasant) that is hunted for sport)`
Super-classes	GameAnimal^c Bird^c
Sub-classes	Phasianid^c

GameBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameBoard`
Description	CYC: The collection of flat portable surfaces (usually rectangular) designed for board games. This category is non-powered, so electronic 'game boards' are not instances. A GameBoard may be foldable; when folded, it is still a GameBoard. `SUMO: A GameArtifact which is intended to be used as the game area for playing a particular game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game board' and sense 5 of 'board' in WordNet: 5. (11) board, gameboard - (a flat portable surface (usually rectangular) designed for board games; 'he got out the board and set up the pieces')`
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c Board^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PlayingABoardGame^c
Sub-classes	DartBoard^c Backgammon-Board^c ChessBoard^c

GameChip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameChip`
Description	A ''GameChip''is any of various discoid pieces about one inch in diameter, designed to be used in any game. These include poker chips, casino chips and ''Checker''s, which are not usually referred to as 'chips'. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 6 of 'chip' in WordNet: 6. chip, poker chip - (a small disk-shaped counter used to represent money when gambling)`
Super-classes	Disk^c GamePiece^c
Sub-classes	CheckerPiece^c GameToken^c Backgammon-Piece^c

GameCourt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameCourt`
Description	A flat ''PlotOfLand'' used for playing some game, but not so large as to be called a'field'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'court' in Wordnet: 3. (36) court - (a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played; 'players had to reserve a court in advance')`
Super-classes	FlatObject^c PlotOfLand^c SportsFacility^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value GameEvent^c
Sub-classes	TennisCourt^c

GameEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameEquipment`
Description	Each instance of ''GameEquipment'' is one or more ''Device''s designed for or designated for supporting the paying of some ''GameEvent'', including board games or field sports. `NOTe that somesubtypes of ''GameEquipment'' are individual objects (such as ''GamePiece''). Although these inherit the ''Group'' type from this type, those subtypes will generally not be instances of ''GroupType''. This usage is consistent with a ''Group'' consisting of one element being identical to that one element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game equipment' in WordNet: 1. game equipment - (equipment or apparatus used in playing a game)`
Super-classes	Equipment^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value GameEvent^c
Sub-classes	Backboard-Basketball^c GamePiece^c GameNet^c Mesh^c SportsGoalObject^c CricketEquipment^c

GameEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameEvent`
Description	COSMONOTE: a ''GameEvent'' is not always a competition, as it includes any execution of a 'Sport'' (specification), including gymnastics performed alone and solely for exercise or relaxation. This Type is a merger of the Cyc Types 'PlayingAGame' and 'GameEvent'. As an Event,each instance of GameEvent must be an execution of some 'Game', which is the structured activity specifying the rules for the game. In SUMO, 'Game' is considerd the execution itself, but in COSMO the term 'Game' is used for the rules describing the game, which is a 'Procedure'. Examples include people playing chess and people long jumping. This includes animals 'playing' (e.g. cats pr dogs playing woth toys) but that will be a rare use. NOTE this is not a subtype of 'competition' - it is not clear that a game must be a competition (e.g. solitaire). Perhaps - if so, that parent can be added. The Cyc distinctions seem too fine to warrant separate Types, and the separate Types can be dissociated if some reason to do so appears. Cyc (PlayingAGame) A specialization of #$Playing and #$Event-Organized. Each instance of #$PlayingAGame is an event in which a person plays a game. Examples include people playing chess and people long jumping. Cyc: (GameEvent) A collection of individual Events. Each instance of #$GameEvent includes the entirety of some game, from the beginning to the point where a conclusion is reached (there is a winner, there is a draw, or the game is abandoned). Each #$GameEvent has as #$subEvents one or more instances of #$PlayingAGame, but may have other sorts of significant #$subEvents as well. For example, a particular #$FootballGame-American, in its entirety, would be an instance of #$GameEvent. That game's subEvents would include, among other things, instances of (#$PlayingFn #$FootballGame-American) performed by some #$FootballPlayer-American, instances of #$EvaluatingAnAction performed by some #$Referee, and instances of #$MeasuringSomething performed by some #$SportsOfficial. A game of Monopoly, from beginning to end, would be an instance of #$GameEvent, with subEvents possibly including instances of #$PlayingABoardGame, #$DisputeEvent, #$DistributionEvent, and (#$CleaningFn #$Table-PieceOfFurniture). In SUMO, called 'Game': SUMO (Game): A Contest whose purpose is the enjoyment/stimulation of the participants or spectators of the Game. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'game' in WordNet: 1. (640) game - (a single play of a sport or other contest; 'the game lasted two hours')
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c CulturalThing^c Playing^c Event-Organized^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some (Game^c or GameType^c or SportType^c)
Sub-classes	PlayingAComputerGame^c TableGameEvent^c FootballGame-American^c BaseballSeries^c ThrowingSnowballs^c PlayingaSport^c PlayingOneHoleOfGolf^c Drawing-RandomSelection^c DiceGame^c BallGame^c RugbyGame^c ReiterativeGameEvent^c PlayingACardGame^c ChuckingSomething^c SportsEvent^c PlayingABoardGame^c OutdoorGame^c

GameEventTimeDivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameEventTimeDivision`
Description	A ''GameEventTimeDivision'' is one several (two or more) ''PlayingPeriod''s, each of which is a ''TimeInterval' during which part of a ''GameEvent'' is played.
Super-classes	PlayingPeriod^c
Sub-classes	BaseballInningTimeDivision^c Turn^c

GameMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameMeat`
Description	''GameMeat'' is the ''Meat'' derived from a ''GameAnimal''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game' in WordNet: 8. (1) game - (the flesh of wild animals that is used for food)`
Super-classes	Meat^c Food^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value GameAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Venison^c

GameNet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameNet`
Description	A ''GameNet'' is a ''Mesh'' of varying shape and location , used in some Sport ''GameEvent'', such as in Tennis, Volleyball, Hockey, Soccer,and Basketball. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'net' in WordNet: 5. net - (game equipment consisting of a strip of netting dividing the playing area in tennis or badminton)`
Super-classes	GameEquipment^c Mesh^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Netting^c
Sub-classes	BasketballNet^c VolleyballNet^c

GameOfChance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameOfChance`
Description	NOTE that in Wurdnet a ''GameOfChance'' is considered as a 'gambling game'. This type is the game secification, but any given execution of this game does not necessarily involve the risking of any significant amount of money, but could be for nominal stakes or just friendly competition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game of chance' in WordNet: 1. game of chance, gambling game - (a game that involves gambling)`
Super-classes	Game^c
Restrictions	uses^op value PairOfDice^c

GameOvertime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameOvertime`
Description	''Overtime''is the ''TimeInterval'' that immediately follows this 'regulation playing time' for some timed GameEvent. This ''TimeInterval'' is created by a 'TieScore' at the end of a 'regulation time', for certain games that do not permit games to end in a TieScore during 'regulation playing time'. The amount of ''GameOvertime'' depends on the rules of the Game, and may be limited. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'overtime' in WordNet: 2. overtime, extra time - (playing time beyond regulation, to break a tie)`
Super-classes	EventIndexedTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op some GameEvent^c alwaysFollows^op some RegulationTime^c

GamePiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GamePiece`
Description	A GameArtifact that is moved around in a game area. This includes balls used in ball games and marbles and jacks as well as small pieces moved around a GameBoard. `Corresponds to noun sense 13 of 'piece' in WordNet: 13. man, piece - (game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games; 'he taught me to set up the men on the chess board'; 'he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage')`
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c GameEquipment^c Device-UserControlled^c SmallObject^c Device-UserPowered^c
Sub-classes	PairOfDice^c GameChip^c Die-GamePiece^c ChessPiece^c Frisbee^c Marble^c Ball^c

GamePoints^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GamePoints`
Description	Each ''GamePoints'' is one or more 'points' of any kind that is acquired by a ''ScoringPoints'' Action in a Game that keeps score. A 'point' of this type is a good thing, such that the player with most points wins the game. `Note that this type has subtypes with different numbers of points. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'point' in WordNet: 10. (2) point - (the unit of counting in scoring a game or contest; 'he scored 20 points in the first half'; 'a touchdown counts 6 points')`
Super-classes	Group^c GoodThing^c UnitOfMeasure^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some ScoringPoints^c
Sub-classes	OnePoint^c ThreePoints^c SixPoints^c

GameRules^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameRules

Description

Each 'GameRules' is a set of rule (a 'RulesForConduct') that specifies the allowed manner in which a game can be played. This is for all kinds of games that have rules, including sports and board games and childrens' informal games.

     Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'rule' in WordNet:
      9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted;
            'he knew the rules of chess')

Super-classes RulesForConduct^c

GameScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameScore`
Description	A 'GameScore' is the PersistentState resulting from execution of a game that produces a numerical 'score'; the state does not have to be the final score, it can be an intermediate score at any point of the game,or a score for one part of a game (such as a three-point goal in Basketball). The 'GameScore' represented here is a Group that represents (1) the phase of the game (3 minutes after the start, end of third quarter, half time, end of seven innings, final score, etc); and (2) a Group of individual scores, each individual score being a Group consisting of the Team or player name plus that player's score. 'HomeTeam, 23' 'Visitors, 22'. @ToDo this structure for a score has not yet (rev899) been created in COSMO. NOTE that in games with a single player (such as golf), the ''Group'' may be only one number, for that player. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'score' in WordNet, but in COSMO this is not a number, it is more complex, and rerpesented by a Group: in WordNet: 3. (4) score - (a number that expresses the accomplishment of a team or an individual in a game or contest; 'the score was 7 to 0')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Outcome^c Group^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some GameEvent^c
Sub-classes	TieScore^c GolfScore^c DiceThrowScore^c FinalScore^c BullsEye^c BothScores^c

GameToken^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameToken`
Description	An instance is a small round object used in some board games.
Super-classes	Token-Physical^c GameChip^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Sub-classes	ChessPiece^c

GameType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GameType`
Description	GameType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for games and an argument restriction for the isAnExecutionOf relation. `NOTE that this can be used for both the Specification and the Event. That may lead to inconsistencies if not used carefuly. Should be split? This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	ActionType^c SpecificationType^c
Members	Peekaboo BasketballGame TableGame Backgammon PartyGame Sport OutdoorGame ChildsGame CardGame BadmintonGame Game BridgeGame GameOfChance TableGameEvent BoardGame TagYoureIt Dominoes Hopscotch VolleyballGame Hide-and-seek StudPoker PoolGame PokerGame PingPongGame SoftballGame Bingo GolfGame SquashGame BallGame TennisGame BaseballGame Checkers NightcapGame SoccerGame Curling PingPong DoubeHeader RacquetballGame CourtGame Craps

Gamete^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gamete`
Description	$Gamete is a specialization of #$HaploidCell (q.v.). Each instance of #$Gamete is a special cell that is produced in preparation for sexual reproduction in the reproductive tissues of organisms that reproduce sexually. All gametes are haploid, and are produced by a special type of cell division called #$Meiosis. In animals, gametes are the direct results of meiosis; in plants, meiosis produces spores (see #$Spore-PlantLifeStage), which develop into #$Gametophytes, which then produce gametes by mitosis (see #$MitoticCellDivision). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gamete' in WordNet: 1. gamete - (a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes)
Super-classes	HaploidCell^c ReproductiveCell^c
Sub-classes	Spermatozoon^c Ovum^c

GammaRay^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GammaRay

Description

Not necessarily a 'ray' or ''Lightbeam''.

       CYC: A specialization of #$ElectromagneticRadiation.
        Each instance of #$GammaRay is an instance of
        electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength (see the
        predicate #$wavelength) of less than  1x10^-2 angstroms (see
        the constant #$Angstrom).  Low power instances of #$GammaRay
        overlap with high power instances of #$XRay (q.v.).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gamma ray' in WordNet:
          1. gamma radiation, gamma ray - (electromagnetic radiation
           emitted during radioactive decay and having an extremely short wavelength)

Super-classes ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c
IonizingRadiation^c

Gamut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gamut`
Description	A ''Gamut'' is a 'Scope' that includes a variety of Objects or Actions, often organized or potentially organized in some linear fashion according to some attribute. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gamut' in WordNet: 1. (2) gamut - (a complete extent or range: 'a face that expressed a gamut of emotions')`
Super-classes	Group^c Scope^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Complete^c

Gander^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gander

Description

An adult male ''Goose''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gander' in Wordnet:
         1. gander - (mature male goose)

Super-classes Goose^c
MaleAnimal^c
AdultAnimal^c

Gang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gang`
Description	CYC: The collection of all gangs. Gangs are informal groups (no written legal organizing document) of (usually, except for ''TheMob'') fairly young) adults or teens who engage in particular activities together. #$Gangs are usually local (even confined to particular neighborhoods), but there are instances of #$Gang that are national in scope (e.g., the Guardian Angels). NOTE: a 'gang' is not necessarily criminal! For that use the subtype ''CriminalGang'' or ''TheMob''. This type can be used for gangs that do not belong to any of the the subtypes ''CriminalGang'' or ''StreetGang'' or''ProductionCrew''. For example, the meaning of people who tend to 'hang out' together (WN 'crowd, crew, gang, bunch') can use this type. Includes noun senses 1,and 2 of 'gang' in Wordnet, but a criminal gang is represented by the subtype ''CriminalGang'': in Wordnet: 1. (7) gang, pack, ring, mob - (an association of criminals; 'police tried to break up the gang'; 'a pack of thieves') 2. (2) crowd, crew, gang, bunch - (an informal body of friends; 'he still hangs out with the same crowd')
Super-classes	BandOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	StreetGang^c CriminalGang^c

GangFight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GangFight`
Description	A ''GangFight'' is a hand-to-hand fight among two 'gangs'of people, usually those at or near teenage. It may include use of knives or firearms or clubs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gang fight' in WordNet: 1. rumble, gang fight - (a fight between rival gangs of adolescents)`
Super-classes	Fight-Physical^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value StreetGang^c hasSubEvent^op value HittingaPerson^c

Gangster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gangster`
Description	CYC: The collection of all individual members of some ''CriminalGang''. `For a member of the 'Mafia' use subtype 'Mafioso'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mobster' in WordNet: 1. gangster, mobster - (a criminal who is a member of a gang)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value CriminalGang^c

Ganoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ganoid`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ganoid' in WordNet: 1. ganoid, ganoid fish - (primitive fishes having thick bony scales with a shiny covering)`
Super-classes	Teleost^c
Sub-classes	Sturgeon^c

Gap-Topographical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gap-Topographical`
Description	A low point or opening between hills or mountains or in a ridge, mountain range, cliff, or some other #$TopographicalFeature. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'gap' in WordNet: 4. col, gap - (a pass between mountain peaks) WN noun 'cranny': 2. cranny - (a small opening or crevice (especially in a rock face or wall))`
Super-classes	LandTopographicalFeature^c Crevice^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value EnablingPassageThrough^c
Sub-classes	Ravine^c Cleft-Coastal^c Crevice-Topographical^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DelewareWaterGap

Gape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gape`
Description	''Gape'' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression' expressing 'astonishment' or 'wonder'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gape' in Wordnet: 1. gape - (an expression of openmouthed astonishment)`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Amazement^c

Gaping^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gaping

Description

Each instance of ''Gaping'' is a ''Staring'' Action in which the agent doing the staring has a facial expression, such as an open jaw or wide eyes, indicating surprise or astonishement.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'gape' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) goggle, gape, gawp, gawk - (look with amazement; look stupidly)
      WN noun 'gape':
         2. gape - (a stare of amazement (usually with the mouth open))

Super-classes Staring^c

Garage-Household^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Garage-Household

Description

Garages in Modern Houses. Not the same as an open parking lot.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garage' in WordNet:
       1. (12) garage - (an outbuilding (or part of a building) for housing automobiles)

Super-classes Room^c
VehicleStorageConstruct^c

GarageDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarageDoor`
Description	The door that goes on garages for modern houses. They open vertically and are big enough to cover the space cars go through.
Super-classes	Door^c

Garbage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Garbage

Description

Any Trash that contains food waste as a component; this sense is a separate sense in WordNet and RHW. This sense should be used for something referred to in English as 'food scraps' or 'waste food'

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garbage' in WordNet:
     1. (2) garbage, refuse, food waste, scraps -
        (food that is discarded (as from a kitchen))

Super-classes Trash^c

Garbage-Generic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Garbage-Generic

Description

A PhysicalObject that consists of garbage - whether household or other types of refuse.

    Cyc:   Flesh out this unit! The collection of all
        tangible garbage in the world.  Requires some concept of
        things being no longer useful to the person who throws the
        object out.  Almost anything becomes garbage, once it has
        been thrown out.

Super-classes PhysicalObject^c

GarbageCan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarbageCan`
Description	Each 'GarbageCan' is a 'TrashContainer' that is larger than a 'TrashBucket', has a lid, and is usually kept outdoors. This is most commonly the cylindrical metal or plastic cans from which garbage is collected by the municipal trash service, but can be as large as a dumpster. This type of container should be th last stop before collection to go to a garbage dump or recycling facility. `A 'trash barrel' is included, but could be a subtype (cylindrical cans). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'garbage can' in WordNet: 1. (1) ashcan, trash can, garbage can, wastebin, ash bin, ash-bin, ashbin, dustbin, trash barrel, trash bin - (a bin that holds rubbish until it is collected)`
Super-classes	TrashContainer^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Outdoors^c hasComponentPart^op value ContainerLid^c

GarbageCollector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarbageCollector`
Description	A Person (male or female) who is employed to pick up ''Trash'' that has been placed for collection, whether at a private household or a business. This is an individual employee. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garbage collector' in Wordnet: 1. garbage man, garbageman, garbage collector, garbage carter, garbage hauler, refuse collector, dustman - (someone employed to collect and dispose of refuse)`
Super-classes	BlueCollarWorker^c Employee^c ServicePosition^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value HaulingTrash^c

GarbageDump^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarbageDump`
Description	A ''GarbageDump'' is a ''LandSite'' where garbage (solid waste or refuse, mostly domestic) has been deposited jus to get rid of it. If it is mixed with soil to bur the garbage, it is the subtype ''SanitaryLandfill'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garbage dump' in WordNet: 1. dump, garbage dump, trash dump, rubbish dump, wasteyard, waste-yard, dumpsite - (a piece of land where waste materials are dumped)`
Super-classes	RealEstate^c LandSite^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value DumpingGarbage^c
Sub-classes	SanitaryLandfill^c

GarbageTruck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarbageTruck`
Description	A ''Truck'' that is used to haul away garbage for disposal - in a landfill, garbage dump, or incinerator. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garbage truck' in Wordnet: 1. garbage truck, dustcart - (a truck for collecting domestic refuse; 'in England a garbage truck is called a dustcart')`
Super-classes	Truck^c
Restrictions	wasaTransporterInEvent^op value HaulingTrash^c

Garden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Garden`
Description	A small plot of cultivated land, usually within a yard, used to grow plants, especially vegetables and flowers, not as a primarily commercial enterprise, but not exlcuding that some of the plants grown may be sold. For a commercial farm, see 'Farm'. This is a PhysicalObject (the contents of a garden region), not the free space region. A Garden does not have to be adjacent to a house - that sense is represented by 'HomeGarden' in COSMO. The restriction requires specifying some plant that is growing in any instance of 'Garden'. The restriction requires that a Garden have some plants in it; the type of plant in the garden may be specified. (This needs some thought - can a garden not have plants in it?) `This corresponds to senses 1 Wordnet 'garden': NOTE: 3 in WordNet does not require that plants be grown in the yard, but in COSMO sense 3 is a subtype of sense 1, and plants must be grown there, even if only grass (here considered as a 'CultivatedPlant'). A paved-over yard is not a 'Garden' in COSMO. WordNet 'Garden' in WordNet: 1. (7) garden - (a plot of ground where plants are cultivated) 2. (6) garden - (the flowers or vegetables or fruits or herbs that are cultivated in a garden)`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c Artifact-Generic^c ArableLand^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Gardening^c hasPhysicalPart^op some (CultivatedPlant^c or PlantType^c)
Sub-classes	Landscaping^c Orchard^c HomeGarden^c ResidentialLandscaping^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eden

GardenHose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GardenHose`
Description	A ''GardenHose'' is a ''Hose'' about 1/4 to 1 inch in diameter, used mostly in a ''Garden'' to water plants and provide water near the outside of a buiding for other purposes as well. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garden hose' in WordNet: 1. garden hose - (a hose used for watering a lawn or garden)`
Super-classes	Hose^c
Restrictions	wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent^op value SprayingWater^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Gardener^c

GardenPink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GardenPink`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garden pink' in WordNet: 1. pink, garden pink - (any of various flowers of plants of the genus Dianthus cultivated for their fragrant flowers)`
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c
Sub-classes	CarnationPlant^c

GardenPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GardenPlant`
Description	A ''GardenPlant'' is any ''Plant'' that people intentionally grow in a ''Garden'' which excludes ''Weed''s. - A 'cultivated plant'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garden plant' in WordNet: 1. garden plant - (any of a variety of plants usually grown especially in a flower or herb garden)`
Super-classes	Plant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desirable^c

Gardener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gardener`
Description	A ''Gardener' is a ''Carer'' who takes care of a ''Garden''. In WN this is a subtype of ''Expert'' but this type includes people who are novices as well, as long as they perform ''Gardening'' as some kind of responsibility or hobby.. `The professional would be sense 2 of 'gardener' in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gardener' in WordNet: 1. (3) gardener, nurseryman - (someone who takes care of a garden)`
Super-classes	Carer^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Gardening^c
Sub-classes	Landscaper^c Nurseryman^c

Gardening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gardening`
Description	'Gardening is raising plants for personal use or enjoyment, but not usually for sale (use ''RaisingCrops'' for that), including outdoor gardening and raising ornamental plants indoors or outdoors. `Corresponds approximately to part (personal, not commercial) noun sense 1 of 'gardening' and verb sense 1 of 'garden' in WordNet, but may be somewhat broader, including raising indoor plants in pots, not just in outdoor gardens: in WordNet: WN noun 'gardening' 1. (1) gardening, horticulture - (the cultivation of plants) WN verb 'garden': 1. (3) garden - (work in the garden; 'My hobby is gardening')`
Super-classes	OutdoorActivity^c Cultivation^c GrowingPlants^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value Garden^c hadObjectTended^op value GardenPlant^c
Sub-classes	LandscapeGardening^c Weeding^c

GardeningTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GardeningTool`
Description	A ''HandTool'' that is designed for, used for, or adaptable to use for growing crops (commercially or for personal use) or gardening, especially for doing things to the soil such as ploughing, hoeing, sowing seed, or reaping crops. `This does not include farm mechanical machinery. #isUsedInAction ?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garden tool' in WordNet: 1. garden tool, lawn tool - (used for working in gardens or yards)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value GrowingPlants^c
Sub-classes	LawnMower^c Hoe^c

Gargling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gargling`
Description	''Gargling'' is a ''Cleansing'' in which the body part that is cleaned is the ''"Throat'' and the cleaning is performed by exhaling while having some quantity of liquid in the throat, usually of a type (e.g.mouthwash or medicine) produced for that purpose, and which produces a ''GarglingSound''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'gargle' in WordNet: 2. gargle, rinse - (rinse one's mouth and throat with mouthwash; 'gargle with this liquid')`
Super-classes	Cleansing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op value Throat^c hasSubEvent^op value Exhaling^c

Garlic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Garlic

Description

This is the collection of all instances of garlic. By garlic we mean the part of the garlic plant that is used in cooking. Both heads of garlic and garlic cloves (including portions thereof) are instances of #$Garlic.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'garlic' in WordNet:
            2. garlic, ail - (aromatic bulb used as seasoning)

Super-classes Seasoning^c
Spice^c

Garment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Garment`
Description	$Garment is a specialization of #$ClothingItem. `Each instance of #$Garment is an item of clothing that is _not_ an accessory (see the collection #$ClothingAccessory). Notable specializations of #$Garment include #$Clothing-Top and #$Clothing-Bottom. Garments are foldable, so shoes are not considered Garments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garment' in WordNet: 1. (4) garment - (an article of clothing; 'garments of the finest silk')`
Super-classes	FoldableObject^c ClothingItem^c
Sub-classes	HosieryItem^c OuterGarment^c Clothing-Bottom^c Burka^c SleepWear^c Chador^c NightShirt^c Turban^c FurPiece^c Hijab^c Clothing-Top^c Underwear^c Veil^c Clothing-WholeBody^c Hand-Me-Down^c

GarmentMaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarmentMaker`
Description	A Person who produces or modifies objects of clothing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garmentmaker' in WordNet: 1. garmentmaker, garment-worker, garment worker - (a person who makes garments)`
Super-classes	Needleworker^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Tailoring^c canCreate^op some Garment^c
Sub-classes	Tailor^c Seamstress^c

GarmentSize^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarmentSize`
Description	A ''GarmentSize'' is one of a series of 'size' designations for garments of different type. The measure categories are enumerated as subtypes of ''GarmentSizeValue'' and vary for items like dresses, pants (waist or length), shirts (collar of sleeve length), shoes, gloves, ring sizes, and others, including overall dimensions (small, medium, large, extra large) for cloth garments.
Super-classes	Size^c

GarmentSizeValue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarmentSizeValue

Description

''GarmentSizeValue'' is the general category for a series of 'size' designations for garments of different type, represtened as subtypes. The measure categories vary for items like dresses, pants (waist or length), shirts (collar of sleeve length), shoes, gloves, ring sizes, and others, including overall dimensions (small, medium, large, extra large) for cloth garments.

     These categories have not yet been elaborated.  The method would be to represent these 'sizes'
     as quantitative measures, with the units being 'ShoeSize-US' or 'CollarSize'
     or 'PantsLength', or 'RingSize', which may vary from country to country, and the 
     associated value could be numerical or verbal.  @ToDo.

Super-classes QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

GarneringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarneringSomething`
Description	''GarneringSomething'' is an Action that an Agent takes which results in a 'DeservingSomething' state. This is very broad, and it could be 'earning' recognition, an award (Medal of Honor), money, applause, whatever. `Usually (but not always, the earner receives the thing earned, so the restriction requires that the thing that should be received be specified, via a 'Receiving' Event (which may be a 'DesiredFutureSituation'). Corresponds to verb senses 1 of 'garner' in WordNet: 1. (1) earn, garner - (acquire or deserve by one's efforts or actions)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Receiving^c alwaysCauses^op value DeservingSomething^c
Sub-classes	EarningSomething^c

GarnetColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GarnetColor`
Description
Super-classes	DarkRed-Color^c

Garter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Garter`
Description	A ''Garter'' is a 'ClothingAcessoryBand' used to support a lady's stocking or other clothing item. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garter' in Wordnet: 1. garter, supporter - (a band (usually elastic) worn around the leg to hold up a stocking (or around the arm to hold up a sleeve))`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c ClothingAcessoryBand^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value ClothingItem^c

Gas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gas`
Description	Any PhysicalSubstance in the Gaseous form, especially when gaseous at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A quantity of gas does not have a defined volume, but will expand to become uniformly distributed throughout its container. NOTE that a substance that happens to be gaseous at some elevated temperature is not necessarily a subtype of 'Gas'; likewise, a quantity of cooled or compressed gas that has become liquid due to cooling or compression can still be composed of a subtype of 'Gas' - for example Liquified Natural Gas. `To classify a quantity of matter that is in the gaseous form, use 'GaseousObject'. This is equivalent to saying that it has the property of being 'gaseous' - but that property is not yet (v 0.45) defined in COSMO. At low enough temperature, all substances condense to a liquid or solid. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gas' in WordNet: 2. (95) gas - (a fluid in the gaseous state having neither independent shape nor volume and being able to expand indefinitely)`
Super-classes	FluidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Vapor^c Radon^c Steam^c GasMixture^c CarbonDioxide^c Oxygen^c Argon^c CarbonMonoxide^c Ammonia^c Fluorine^c Krypton^c Freon^c OdorousGas^c Hydroxylamine^c Xenon^c Neon^c Aerosol^c Ozone^c PressurizedGas^c Air^c WaterVapor^c

GasBubble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasBubble`
Description	A ''GasBubble'' is a bubble of some gas inside a liquid or solid object. `This is not for the physical liquid objects that are bubbles in the air - see 'BubbleInAir'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bubble' in Wordnet: 1. (9) bubble - (a hollow globule of gas (e.g., air or carbon dioxide))`
Super-classes	GaseousObject^c Ellipsoid^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Spheroidal^c isContainedIn^op some (LiquidObject^c or LiquidSubstanceType^c or LiquidObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	TinyBubble^c

GasCap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasCap`
Description	A specialization of #$PortalCovering. Each instance of #$GasCap is a device designed to cover the portal leading to an automobile's gas tank.
Super-classes	ContainerLid^c AutoPart^c

GasLeak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasLeak`
Description	A ''GasLeak'' is a ''Leaking'' of ''Air'' into or out of some ArtifactObject. The ''ArtifactObject'' can be of any size, from a ''Building'' to a millimeter sized tube.
Super-classes	Leaking^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op only (Gas^c or GaseousSubstanceType^c)

GasMask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasMask`
Description	A ''GasMask'' is a ''Mask'' designed to protect the lungs and whole body from inhalation of toxic fumes, by fltering the Air inhaled through a substance that absorbs toxic substances. `To be more specific, one might create a subtype of ''ProtectingaPerson'' such as 'ProtectingFromPoisonousGas'. And similarly with other types of protective masks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasmask' in WordNet: 1. gasmask, respirator, gas helmet - (a protective mask with a filter; protects the face and lungs against poisonous gases)`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c Mask^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ProtectingPassively^c

GasMixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasMixture`
Description	Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Gas and any component other than Gas in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles which are suspended in the Gas.
Super-classes	Gas^c Mixture^c
Sub-classes	IntestinalGas^c NaturalGas^c StomachGas^c

GasPipeline^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasPipeline

Description

CYC: The collection of #$Pipelines whose primary function is the transportation of #$NaturalGas. See also #$OilPipeline.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gas line' in Wordnet:
            2. gas line - (a pipeline used to transport natural gas;
               'the workmen broke through the gas line')

Super-classes PathArtifact^c
TransportFacility^c
Pipeline^c
FixedStructure^c

GasPressure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasPressure`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gas pressure' in WordNet: 1. gas pressure - (the pressure exerted by a gas)`
Super-classes	Pressure^c
Sub-classes	AtmosphericPressure^c

GasType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasType`
Description	''GasType'' is a subtype of ''FluidType'' used to allow references to subtypes of ''Gas'' qua ''Gas''.
Super-classes	FluidType^c
Members	CarbonMonoxide Vapor Air

GasWell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasWell`
Description	A #$Well from which #$NaturalGas is extracted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gas well' in WordNet: 1. gas well - (a well that yields or has yielded natural gas)`
Super-classes	DrilledWell^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value NaturalGas^c

GaseousObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GaseousObject`
Description	Any Object that is in the form of a gas at the time it is referred to. Gases may have suspended solids (such as in a smoke), but will still diffuse freely throughout the container it is in, or continue to diffuse if uncontained. In Cyc referred to as a 'GaseousTangibleThing'.
Super-classes	FluidObject^c ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Gas^c
Sub-classes	GasBubble^c AirObject^c GaseousTangibleThing^c Breath^c SmokeObject^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere

GaseousSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GaseousSubstanceType`
Description	'GaseousSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Gas' and other entities..
Super-classes	FluidType^c SubstanceType^c
Members	HydrogenSulfide Ethene Methane OdorousGas Gas Steam AtmosphericWaterVapor Ethane WaterVapor Butane RottenEgg Stench Fragrance

GaseousTangibleThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GaseousTangibleThing`
Description	The Cyc equivalent of 'GaseousObject'.
Super-classes	GaseousObject^c

Gasoline^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gasoline

Description

A PhysicalSubstance consisting of low-boiling linear or branch-chained Hydrocarbons, (mostly heptanes, hexanes, and octanes) liquid at normal temperatures, and created mostly to be used as a Fuel in internal-combustion engines. Substances have been added to give the fuel special properties, such as antiknock agents, and it is common for 10% of ethanol to be added to gasoline sold at retail in the USA. The final mixture is still called 'gasoline'. If there is over 50% ethanol in the fuel, it may not fit the definition of this type, since the main constitutent must be low-boiling hydrocarbons.

 NOTE that Gasoline is described here as prepared from Petroleum.  If technology
 changes (e.g. derived by hydrogenation of coal), this assertion may have to be changed.

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline' and sense 1 of 'petrol' and
  sense 3 of 'gas' in WordNet:
  WN 'gasoline'
   1. (2) gasoline, gasolene, gas, petrol - (a volatile flammable 
      mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.)
      derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines)

Super-classes VehicleFuel^c
Hydrocarbons^c
PetroleumProduct-Refined^c
ArtificialSubstance^c
LiquidSubstance^c

GasolineEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasolineEngine`
Description	SUMO: GasolineEngine is the subclass of InternalCombustionEngines that use Gasoline as their resource. `Such engines may also use mixtures containing other fuels such as ethanol. But to use pure ethanol they may need some adjustment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline engine' in WordNet: 1. gasoline engine - (an internal-combustion engine that burns gasoline; most automobiles are driven by gasoline engines)`
Super-classes	InternalCombustionEngine^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Gasoline^c

GasolinePump^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasolinePump`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline pump' in WordNet: 1. gas pump, gasoline pump, island dispenser - (a pump in a service station that draws gasoline from underground storage tanks)`
Super-classes	Pump^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value PumpingGasoline^c

GasolineStation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasolineStation`
Description	CYC A retail establishment that sells gasoline and sometimes sells diesel fuel, and where sometimes repairs on automobiles and other road vehicles are performed. NOTE for facilities that are specifically for repairing motor vehiclee, use ''VehicleRepairFacility''. Such facilities can be single-purpose, or be part of a ''GasolineStation''. NOTE: this type was merged with Cyc 'ServiceStation-Facility'. This type is also a subtype of 'ServiceFacility' in COSMO. Cyc: (ServiceStation-Facility): The collection of all facilities devoted exclusively to housing #$ServiceStations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline station' in WordNet: 1. gasoline station, gas station, filling station, petrol station - (a service station that sells gasoline)
Super-classes	ServiceStation^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Gasoline^c sells^op value VehicleFuel^c

GasolineTank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GasolineTank`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline tank' in WordNet: 1. gas tank, gasoline tank - (a tank for holding gasoline to supply a vehicle)`
Super-classes	LiquidStorageTank^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Gasoline^c

Gasp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gasp`
Description	This sense of 'gasp' is a single short ''Inhaling'', which can be a symptom of some breathing difficulty or just a reaction to some startling Event `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasp' in WordNet: 1. (4) gasp, pant - (a short labored intake of breath with the mouth open; 'she gave a gasp and fainted')`
Super-classes	Inhaling^c
Sub-classes	Sob^c

Gasping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gasping`
Description	This sense of 'gasp' is series of ''Gasp''s, which can be a symptom of some breathing difficulty or just a result of much exertion, sufficient to make one 'out of breath'. This type includes both CYC 'Gasping' (one intake) and 'Panting' (a series). CYC: 'Gasping': Suddenly catching the breath. CYC: 'Panting': The collection of all events in which a mammal, such as a dog, cools itself by rapid breathing in and out with the tongue sticking out, allowing increased evaporation from the tongue and inner mouth surfaces. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gasp' in WordNet: 1. (9) pant, puff, gasp, heave - (breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted; 'The runners reached the finish line, panting heavily')
Super-classes	Breathing^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value OutOfBreath^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Noisy^c

Gastric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gastric

Description

''Gastric'' is an attribute pertaining to the ''Stomach'' and things associated with the Stomach.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gastric' in Wordnet:
         1. gastric, stomachic, stomachal - (relating to or involving 
            the stomach; 'gastric ulcer')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Gastroenteritis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gastroenteritis

Description

Irritation and inflammation of the digestive tract. #$BacterialGastroenteritis and #$ViralGastroenteritis are two major sub-types.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gastroenteritis' in WordNet:
          1. gastroenteritis, stomach flu, intestinal flu - (inflammation
          of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis)

Super-classes GastrointestinalDisorder^c

Gastroenterologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gastroenterologist`
Description	CYC: The collection of doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of stomach and intestinal disorders. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gastroenterologist' in WordNet: 1. gastroenterologist - (a physician who specializes in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c MedicalSpecialist^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Intestine^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value AlimentaryCanal^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Gastroenterology^c

Gastroenterology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gastroenterology

Description

''Gastroenterology'' is the branch ''Medicine''
dealing with the intestinal tract and its ailments.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gastroenterology' in WordNet:
          1. gastroenterology - (the branch of medicine 
             that studies the gastrointestinal tract and its diseases)

Super-classes Medicine^c

Gastrointestinal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gastrointestinal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gastrointestinal' in Wordnet: 1. (2) gastrointestinal, GI - (of or relating to the stomach and intestines; 'a gastrointestinal disorder')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

GastrointestinalDisorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GastrointestinalDisorder`
Description
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	Gastroenteritis^c

Gastropod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gastropod`
Description	This is the collection of (individual) animals belonging to the class Gastropoda. The derivation of the term is from Greek roots meaning stomach foot . Members include snails, slugs, abalone, and conchs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gastropod' in Wordnet: 1. gastropod, univalve - (a class of mollusks typically having a one-piece coiled shell and flattened muscular foot with a head bearing stalked eyes)`
Super-classes	Mollusk^c
Sub-classes	Slug-TheAnimal^c Snail^c

Gate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gate`
Description	This sense of 'gate' refers only to the actual physical object that swings open and closed, in a portal (gateway) in a fenced area. For the portal, use 'Gateway'. `However, in general use, 'gate' may also refer to the portal or any similar opening to an enclosure, as in RHW sense 2 of 'gate': RHW: 2. an opening permitting passage through an enclosure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gate' in WordNet: 1. (18) gate - (a movable barrier in a fence or wall)`
Super-classes	PortalCovering^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Gateway^c

GateCrasher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GateCrasher`
Description	An ''GateCrasher'' is a ''Person'' who has performed an Action of ''BargingIn'' (especially on a 'Party'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gatecrasher' in WordNet: 1. gatecrasher, crasher, unwelcome guest - (someone who gets in (to a party) without an invitation or without paying)`
Super-classes	Intruder^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BargingIn^c

Gateway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gateway`
Description	Opening in a fence, typically closed with a 'Gate'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gateway' in WordNet: 1. (1) gateway - (an entrance that can be closed by a gate)`
Super-classes	Portal^c ConstructionArtifact^c CavityWithWalls^c
Restrictions	isNormallyLocatedAt^op value Fence^c

Gathered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gathered

Description

''Gathered'' is an attribute of some Group (physical or abstract) that came to be in the same place as a result of some ''Gathering'' Event, transitive or intransitive. This can be for objects that were collected by a Person, or for a ''GroupOfAnimals'' that came together.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'gathered' in Wordnet:
            2. collected, gathered - (brought together in one place; 'the collected works of Milton'; 
              'the gathered folds of the skirt')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Gathering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gathering`
Description	Each 'Gathering' is an instance of 'Collecting' in which the things gathered together by an agent (which could be a substance or a natural process) are ''PhysicalObject''s (not information or data). For the 'gathering' action of information, use ''InformationGathering''. For the 'gathering' action of a group of animals coming together by their own motive power, use 'GatheringTogether'. This may or may not be the intersection of 'Collecting' and 'ComingTogether', depending on whether things that are not PhysicalObjects can 'come together' without the assistance of an agent. If not, this is the intersection. As of rev805 this question has not been resolved.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'gathering' and verb sense 1 of 'gather' in Wordnet: 1. (23) gather, garner, collect, pull together - (assemble or get together; 'gather some stones'; 'pull your thoughts together') WN noun 'gathering': 3. (1) gather, gathering - (the act of gathering something)
Super-classes	ComingTogether^c Collecting^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (CollectionType^c or Collection^c)
Sub-classes	TollCollecting^c TaxCollecting^c Packing^c Skimming^c ReapingCrops^c FeeCollecting^c GatheringFoodInTheWild^c Clumping^c Raking^c

GatheringFoodInTheWild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GatheringFoodInTheWild`
Description	''GatheringFoodInTheWild'' is a ''Gathering'' of food that may be performed by humans or non-human animals. This is NOT the 'gathering' that occurs in ''ReapingCrops''. `Collecting berries or mushrooms in the woods is an example; can be fun for young children. Adults would typically have a more serious purpose. This type has to be successful at least in getting one food object, even if only one edible root; if not it is an attempting activity, not yet represented.`
Super-classes	Gathering^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Wilderness^c produced^op value GroupOfFoodObjects^c

GatheringFromPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GatheringFromPeople`
Description	Each ''GatheringFromPeople'' is a ''TakingSomethingAway'' by traveling around with a vehicle and takong unneeded things from people, in which the person doing the gathering does so to make a profit from the difference in price paid and price received. This method of making money is becoming less common as materials become more disposable and recycled materials less vauable.
Super-classes	Shipping^c TakingSomethingAway^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	GatheringRags^c

GatheringPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GatheringPlace`
Description	A ''GatheringPlace'' is any Place where people get together - once or often - for any length of time,for any purpose. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'gathering place' (more general, not just a favorite place) in WordNet: 1. gathering place - (a favorite haunt where people gather)`
Super-classes	Role^c Place^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value GatheringTogetherOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	SeatingArea^c

GatheringRags^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GatheringRags`
Description	Each ''GatheringFromPeople'' is a ''GatheringFromPeople'' inw which the objects gathered are rags (worn clothing).
Super-classes	GatheringFromPeople^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Rag^c

GatheringTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GatheringTogether`
Description	Each 'GatheringTogether' is an 'ComingTogether' Event in which two or more Animals (including people) move from being more distant to being either together in some Container or in some definable Region. This can be referred to as 'gathering', 'assembling', 'collecting' and by various other terms for non-human animals such as 'flocking' or 'schooling' (for fish). The more speific gathering of peeople is represented by subtype ''GatheringTogetherOfPeople''. For the 'gathering' action of an agent bringing objects together, use 'Gathering'. This corresponds to sense 8 (intransitive) of verb 'collect' in RHW: 8. to gather together; assemble: The students collected in the assembly hall. However none of the Wordnet senses appear to include this sense NOTE: that the restrictions infer that a 'GroupOfAnimals' is 'created' by the action of that same GroupOfAnimals. This means that the group that performed the action, though it exists before the act, is actually only identified after the fact be noting which animals have gathered together in a place. This sense of 'created' may not conform to other interpretations - needs to be carefully watched. @ToDo. OntoNotes sense 1 of 'collect' ' to gather, bring, or come together in a mass' Relevant Example: A large crowd of reporters collected outside the Prime Minister's house. Includes verb sense 2 of 'gather' and sense 2 of 'assemble' in WordNet: 2. (7) meet, gather, assemble, forgather, foregather - (collect in one place; 'We assembled in the church basement'; 'Let's gather in the dining room')
Super-classes	Action^c ComingTogether^c
Restrictions	produced^op some GroupOfAnimals^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some GroupOfAnimals^c
Sub-classes	Convening^c HuddlngTogether^c ClusteringTogether^c GatheringTogetherOfPeople^c

GatheringTogetherOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GatheringTogetherOfPeople`
Description	Each 'GatheringTogetherOfPeople' is a 'GatheringTogether' Event in which two or more people intentionally move from being more distant to being together in some definable Region, usually where they can and in order to communicate with each other. This can be also referred to as 'assembling'. This can be for any purpose, formal or informal, educational, or even a mandatory roundup. For the type of gathering people do for relaxation and to socialize, use the subtype 'SocialGathering'. NOTE that this is a ''PurposefulAction'' and in that way contrasts with an''Encounter'' in which two or more people meet without previously planning to do so, `Includes verb sense 2 of 'gather' and sense 2 of 'assemble' in WordNet: 2. (7) meet, gather, assemble, forgather, foregather - (collect in one place; 'We assembled in the church basement'; 'Let's gather in the dining room')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c GatheringTogether^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some GroupOfPeople^c produced^op some GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	Meeting^c SocialGathering^c Congregating^c

Gaudy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gaudy

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gaudy' in Wordnet:
     1. (1) brassy, cheap, flash, flashy, garish, gaudy, gimcrack, loud, 
         meretricious, tacky, tatty, tawdry, trashy - (tastelessly showy; 
         'a flash car'; 'a flashy ring'; 'garish colors'; 'a gaudy costume'; 
         'loud sport shirts'; 'a meretricious yet stylish book'; 'tawdry ornaments')

Super-classes TastelesslyVulgar^c

Gauge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gauge`
Description	A 'Gauge' is a 'MeasuringDevice' that is also a 'DisplayDevice'' or has a 'DisplayDevice' as a part, but is not a Clock. The notion of what can be a 'Gauge' is rather vague - CYC 0.75 has no explanatory gloss. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gauge' in WordNet: 1. (1) gauge, gage - (a measuring instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity such as the thickness of wire or the amount of rain etc.)`
Super-classes	SignalDisplayDevice^c MeasuringDevice^c
Sub-classes	PressureGauge^c Odometer^c Speedometer^c Barometer^c SonarDevice^c Tachometer^c Voltmeter^c Altimeter^c Galvanometer^c

GaussianOneSigma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GaussianOneSigma`
Description	GaussianOneSigma is a measure expressing the one-sigma interval for a Gaussian distribution of measurements. For measurements conforming to a Gaussian distribution, the true value should lie within one sigma of the measured value 68% of the time.
Super-classes	StatisticalRange^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

Gazebo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gazebo`
Description	The class of usually vaguely circular (could be hexagonal, octagonal) structures found in yards and gardens, having a roof but usually open on the sides. These are mostly decorative, but can be used as a pleasant shady place to sit outside. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gazebo' in WordNet: 1. gazebo, summerhouse - (a small roofed building affording shade and rest)`
Super-classes	OutdoorArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HumanRelaxingEvent^c isLocatedAt^op value Yard-BuildingGrounds^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Roof^c

Gazelle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gazelle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gazelle' in WordNet: 1. gazelle - (small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes)`
Super-classes	Antelope^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Graceful^c

Gazing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gazing

Description

Each instance of ''Gazing'' is a ''Staring'' Action in which the agent doing the maintains the stare for a significant period of time, indicating interest.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'gaze' in Wordnet:
         1. (25) gaze, stare - (look at with fixed eyes; 'The students stared at the teacher with amazement')
       WN noun 'gaze':
         1. (8) gaze, regard -- (a long fixed look; 'he fixed his paternal gaze on me')

Super-classes Staring^c

GearShifting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GearShifting`
Description	CYC: What happens when a driver shifts the gears. This is a subEvent of a DrivingEvent in the #$DriverPerspectiveMt: Since #$performedBy transfersThro #$subEvents we only want #$GearShifting to be #$performedBy the Driver. Thus a subEvent assertion should not be placed in a perspective neutral mt. `Corresponds to verb sense 12 of 'shift' in WordNet: 12. shift - (change gears; 'you have to shift when you go down a steep hill')`
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op value Gearshift^c isPerformedBy^op value RoadVehicleDriver^c

GearTooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GearTooth`
Description	A ''GearTooth'' is one of multiple ''Protrusion''s arranged at fixed intervals around the outer circumference of a ''ToothedWheel'', designed to fit into the spaces between similar ''GearTooth''s on other ''ToothedWheel''s, so that one of the interlocking ''ToothedWheel''s can transmit rotatioanal force to the other ''ToothedWheel'', in any of a variety of (at least partly) mechanical ''Device''s, such as a mechanical clock or a vehicle transmission. This can come in a large range of sizes. `NOTE: this type is used in rev1669 also for the protrusions on a 'ratchet' wheel, not designed to transmit force. See 'RatchetTooth''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'tooth' in WordNet: 5. tooth - (one of a number of uniform projections on a gear)`
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Parallelogram^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value GearWheel^c isAtTheEdgeOf^op value GearWheel^c

GearWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GearWheel`
Description	A ''GearWheel'' is a ''ToothedWheel'' used in a 'gear' mechanism or other Device to transmit rotational force to or from another ''GearWheel''. `This type is also used for wheels such as those used in gear mechanisms, but are not part of an adjustable 'gear', rather used only to change the direction or rotational speed of another ''GearWheel''. In cyc called 'Gear': Cyc 'Gear': A wheel with teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gear wheel' in WordNet: 1. gear, gear wheel, geared wheel, cogwheel - (a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion)`
Super-classes	ToothedWheel^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value DiskShaped^c hasPhysicalPart^op value GearTooth^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value DiskShaped^c

Gearshift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gearshift`
Description	Is the shift stick of an automatic transmission vehicle also called a 'gearshift'?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gearshift' in WordNet: 1. gearshift, gearstick, shifter, gear lever - (a mechanical device for engaging and disengaging gears; 'in England they call a gearshift a gear lever')`
Super-classes	MechanicalComponent^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value RoadVehicle^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GearShifting^c

Gecko^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gecko

Description

A group of lizard species that are best known for their sticky foot pads which allow them to cling to smooth surfaces. Most species are tropical, nocturnal insectivores.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gecko' in WordNet:
           1. gecko - (any of various small chiefly tropical 
              and usually nocturnal insectivorous terrestrial lizards 
              typically with immovable eyelids; completely harmless)

Super-classes Lizard^c

Gee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gee

Description

''Gee'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing various emotions, used for emphasis.

    RHW 'gee': (interjection)
    (used to express surprise, disappointment, enthusiasm, or simple emphasis):
       Gee, that's great! Gee, I can't remember the book's title.

Super-classes Exclamation^c
Interjection^c

Geek^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geek`
Description	This ''Geek'' is specifically for the ''Entertainer'' who works at a Carnival, usually a sideshow. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geek' in WordNet: 1. geek - (a carnival performer who does disgusting acts)`
Super-classes	Entertainer^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Carnival^c performsAction^op value DisgustingPerformance^c

Geisha^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geisha

Description

A Japanese variety of female #$Escort-EntertainmentProvider. #$Geishas may or may not provide #$SexualGratification. They are expected to be accomplished in the art of #$Conversation, #$Singing and #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geisha' in Wordnet:
           1. geisha, geisha girl - (a Japanese woman trained to entertain men 
            with conversation and singing and dancing)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
SkilledWorker^c
Woman^c
Artist-Performer^c
PersonWithOccupation^c

gel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gel`
Description	Any PhysicalSubstance in a semisolid form that is mostly liquid, but has sufficient solid material in it to impart some rigidity and allow a quantity of the substance to retain its shape in a gravitational field, with only a little distortion when resting on a solid surface. A Gel cannot be poured at all, as a slurry can. This sense of 'gel' is indistinguishable from sense 3 of 'jelly', but the latter word is usually used only for gelatinous foods; this WN 'jelly' entry seems to be here just to include 'petroleum jelly' as a subtype. `Cyc: #$Gel is the collection of gels. #$Gels are semi-solid, sticky, tangible stuff. #$Gels cannot be poured. #$Gels are thicker than creams and are the same thickness as pastes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gel' in WordNet, and is indistinguishable from sense 3 of 'jelly': in WordNet: 1. (2) gel, colloidal gel - (a colloid in a more solid form than a sol) WN noun 'jelly': 3. jelly - (a substance having the consistency of semisolid foods)`
Super-classes	Colloid^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gelatinous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Semirigid^c
Sub-classes	Cytoplasm^c PetroleumJelly^c Jelly^c

Gelatin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gelatin

Description

An animal protein with many uses in food, medicine, and other areas. With flavorings and a high water content, it's a tasty dessert; in a dry form, it can be used to coat or contain medicines.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gelatin' in WordNet:
          1. (1) gelatin, gelatine - (a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein 
             obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin)

Super-classes Protein^c

Gelatinous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gelatinous`
Description	Having the semisolid consistency of gelatine, or jelly. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gelatinous' in WordNet: 1. gelatinous, gelatinlike, jellylike - (thick like gelatin)`
Super-classes	SemiSolid^c
Sub-classes	Jellied^c

GemStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GemStuff`
Description	''GemStuff'' is the type that includes all substances that are ''Mineral''s and are prized and valued for their beauty and processed into ''Gemstone''s. This does not include pearls, sometimes thought of as gems. In CYC labeled 'Gemstone' but in COSMO a ''Gemstone'' is an object made of ''GemStuff'' and shaped for use in jewelry or other decorations. CYC 'Gemstone': The collection of all #$Minerals which are traditionally cut and polished by skilled gem-cutters. #$GemStones have traditionally been used for ornamentation. WN does not clearly discriminate between the substance and the object, but WN 'gemstone' seems to be the substance but 'gem' is used for an individual object,and 'jewel' is gem prepared for wear as an adornment. in WordNet: 1. gem, gemstone, stone - (a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry; 'he had the gem set in a ring for his wife'; 'she had jewels made of all the rarest stones')
Super-classes	Stone^c
Sub-classes	DiamondSubstance^c EmeraldStuff^c SapphireStuff^c TurquoiseStuff^c

Gemstone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gemstone`
Description	A piece of Mineral of a type that is valued for use in jewelry. Non-crystalline jewelry such as Amber is not included here. This type includes as a subtype a ''Jewel'' that is a ''Gemstone'' that has been modified to be suitabe for use in a piece of Jewelry, but it also includes the rough stone that is composed mostly of ''GemStuff'' before any cutting or polishing. WN does not clearly distinguish the substance from a piece of it, so the mineral substance of which ''Gemstone''s are made is labeled as ''GemStuff'' in COSMO. NOTE that every ''Gemstone'' is a ''PersonalPossession'' that is owned by some agent. NOTE that the restriction does not require specifying the composition. That should be done for the subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gemstone' and sense 1 of 'gem' in WordNet: 1. gem, gemstone, stone - (a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry; 'he had the gem set in a ring for his wife'; 'she had jewels made of all the rarest stones')
Super-classes	MineralObject^c CrystallineObject^c BrittleObject^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value GemStuff^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Precious^c
Sub-classes	Diamond^c Sapphire^c OpalGem^c Jade^c Jewel^c Emerald^c Topaz-Gem^c Turquoise^c

GemstoneType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GemstoneType`
Description	''GemstoneType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Gemstone'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Gemstone''s .
Super-classes	SolidObjectType^c

GemstuffType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GemstuffType`
Description	''GemstuffType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Gemstuff'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Gemstuff''s .
Super-classes	MineralType^c

Gendarme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gendarme`
Description	CYC: A Collection. In some countries on the #$ContinentOfEurope (especially #$France) or in Asia Minor, #$Gendarmes are #$Soldiers acting as #$LawEnforcementOfficers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gendarme' in WordNet: 1. gendarme - (a French policeman)`
Super-classes	LawEnforcementOfficer^c Soldier^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value Gendarmerie^c

Gendarmerie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gendarmerie`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Groups of #$Gendarmes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gendarmerie' in WordNet: 1. gendarmerie, gendarmery - (French police force; a group of gendarmes or gendarmes collectively)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c PoliceForce^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value Gendarme^c

Gender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gender`
Description	''Gender'' is the Quality (property) whose values (male, female, hermaphroditic) specify the Role played by the Organism with that Attribute in the act of sexual reproduction. This is not the same as the social or behavioral attributes asoiated with sexual roles. `Attribute Values that indicate the sex of an Organism. See ''Sex'', instances ''MaleSex'', ''FemaleSex'' ''Gender'' (duplicating 'Sex'')Attr values ''Male'' and ''Female'' ''hasGender'' handles all of these.` @mod55 Duplicates or 'Sex'?? There are two senses of 'sex' in WN that seem applicable to the binary distinction. `Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 4 of 'sex' and sense 2 of 'gender' in WordNet: 2. (7) sex - - (either of the two categories (male or female) into which most organisms are divided; 'the war between the sexes') WN 'gender': 2. sex, gender, sexuality - (the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles; 'she didn't want to know the sex of the foetus')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Sub-classes	Maleness^c

GenderType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenderType`
Description	GenderType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for sexuality of Organisms. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Male Female

Gene^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gene`
Description	This ''Gene''is a ''DNAMolecule'' (a segment of a DNA chain) that is linked to .other ''Genes'' in one piece of DNA that is part of the genome of some organism that is not a RNA virus (RNA genes can be represened in a similar type, e.g. RNAgene. This is for the most commonly studied and relevant to animals). This suggests that the ends of a Gene are precisely defined, but that may vary from case to case - how many units at the end can be changed without changing the function?? Control factors that do not code for RNA may show up as 'Genes' in heredity. NOTE: There are RNA 'genes' in viruses, but that would be a different type; perhaps ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' should be the reference rather than ''DNAMolecule''.. NOTE:not all parts of an Organism's DNA is part of a ''Gene''. Some parts have no detectable effect on the characteristics of an Organism (they are 'silent'); nevertheless they are inherited. A long ''DNAMolecule'' can be fragmented into shorter ''DNAMolecule''s until the number of bases gets so small the pieces are referred to as 'oligonucleotides' rather than a ''DNAMolecule'' A'cistron' probably should be a subtype: see RHW definition: cistron = a segment of DNA that encodes for the formation of a specific polypeptide chain; a structural gene. There are heritable characteristics on DNA portions that do not themselves code for protein. This type is a placeholder for more detailed reperesentations of inheritance and the relation between genotype and phenotype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gene' in WordNet: 1. (1) gene, cistron, factor - ((genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; 'genes were formerly called factors')
Super-classes	DNAMolecule^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hereditary^c

GeneSequencing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneSequencing`
Description	''GeneSequencing'' is any form of ''AnalysingSomething'' in which DNA or RNA is analyzed to determine the ''GeneSequence'' for some portion or all of that ''"NucleicAcid''. NOTE: RNA carries the genetic information in some viruses. `This may be performed semiatuomatically by some 'sequencer' Device (not yet represented)`
Super-classes	SequencingaBiopolymer^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some NucleicAcidType^c

General^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#General`
Description	'General' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that has several senses that ar not differentiated in COSMO (as of v0.53), and need to be disambiguated. Contrasts with 'specific', 'specialized' or 'individual' for WN senses 1,2, and 4 respectively. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'general' in WordNet: 1. (90) general - (applying to all or most members of a category or group; 'the general public'; 'general assistance'; 'a general rule'; 'in general terms'; 'comprehensible to the general reader') 2. (3) general - (not specialized or limited to one class of things; 'general studies'; 'general knowledge') 4. (1) general - (prevailing among and common to the general public; 'the general discontent')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Generalized^c

General-Purpose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#General-Purpose`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'general-purpose' in Wordnet: 1. (1) general-purpose, all-purpose - (not limited in use or function)`
Super-classes	Useful^c

GeneralAnaesthetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneralAnaesthetic`
Description	A ''GeneralAnaesthetic'' is an ''Anesthetic'' used to produce ''GeneralAnesthesia'', exspecially during major surgery. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'general anaesthetic' in WordNet: 1. general anesthetic, general anaesthetic - (an anesthetic that anesthetizes entire body and causes loss of consciousness)`
Super-classes	Anesthetic^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GeneralAnesthesia^c

GeneralAnesthesia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneralAnesthesia`
Description	''GeneralAnesthesia'' is an ''Anesthesia'' that causes an Animal to lose consciousness and not remember what happens to the body during that state. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'general anesthesia' in WordNet: 1. general anesthesia, general anaesthesia - (a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation))`
Super-classes	Anesthesia^c StateOfUnconsciousness^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Systemic^c requiresResource^op value GeneralAnaesthetic^c

Generalization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generalization`
Description	A ''Generalization'' is a 'Concept' that relates some 'property' to a Group of things of any kind, assigning that property to all members of the Group. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'generalization' in WordNet: 3. (1) generalization, generalisation, generality - (an idea or conclusion having general application; 'he spoke in broad generalities')`
Super-classes	Concept^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Relation^c hasTopic^op value Group^c

Generalized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generalized`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'generalized' in Wordnet: 2. generalized, generalised - (spread throughout a body or system; 'generalized edema')`
Super-classes	General^c

GeneralizedTransfer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneralizedTransfer`
Description	COSMO note: This is the broadest sense of 'move' or 'transfer', intransitive or transitive senses. Use 'hasStartingPlace' and 'hasEndingPlace' or some subproperty of thes relations to specify the 'places' (abstract or concrete) from which the thing being transferred begins and ends during the GeneralizedTransfer. In the case when an intangible thing is 'transferred', as when an academic degree is awarded, the agent from which the intangible comes may not have lost anything in the process; this abstract type should not be viewed as an object moving from one place to another and no longer being in the original place, though subtypes for transfer of PhysicalObjects do have that property. Likwise, making a copy of something such as by downloading over a computer link is a subtye. The relation 'hadThingTransferred' can be used to specify what is transferred, physical or abstract. In addition to starting and ending places, there may be an intermediary path that is explicit in assertions of GeneralizedTransfer - for movement events, 'by way of' is one linguistic marker for such an intermediary stage. In the case of some giving events, the intermadiary may be implied less directly,such as in the sentence 'Jack bought the book for Mary on Amazon.com' in which origina is Amazon.com, the intermediary is Jack, and the final destination is Mary. Likewise, 'Jack sent the book to Mary by parcel post' specifies the three participants in a transfer. 'Jack drove from Philly to New York on I-95' specifies a path, I-95, which is elongated and not a compact object. Cyc: A specialization of #$Event. Each instance of #$GeneralizedTransfer is an event in which something (tangible or intangible) is transferred from one 'place' to another. #$GeneralizedTransfer includes changes in physical location, in ownership or possession, transfer of information, and propagation of wave phenomena through space. See also the related predicate #$transferredThing, and the specializations of this collection. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'transfer' in WordNet: 3. (6) transfer - (move from one place to another; 'transfer the data'; 'transmit the news'; 'transfer the patient to another hospital') WN verb 'move': 2. (60) move, displace - (cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; 'Move those boxes into the corner, please'; 'I'm moving my money to another bank'; 'The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op only (GenericLocation^c or GenericAgent^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c or GenericAgent^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or LocationType^c) hasStartingPlace^op only (GenericLocation^c or GenericAgent^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c or GenericAgent^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or LocationType^c) hadThingTransferred^op only owl:Thing^c causes^op value Displacing^c
Sub-classes	Redirecting^c GroupTransfer^c SendingSomething^c ChangeOfPossession^c TransferIn^c IBTCopying^c ChangeInUserRights^c DirectedTranslation^c PowerTransmission^c Translocation^c TransferringSomething^c SpreadingThingsAround^c Conductivity^c Providing^c GivingSomethingAbstract^c GainingControl^c Rendering^c OpticalSignalTransmission^c GivingaReward^c

Generalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generalizing`
Description	NOTE: in WN, 'generalization' is a subtype of ''Theorizing'' but the sense of ''Generalizing'' does not require the formation of a formal mathematical theory, only the abstraction of common properties of multiple examples to form a general type to which all the examples belong. This is an essential step in building a taxonomy and much commonsense thinking. The formal ''Theorizing'' may or may not require this step. One form of ''Generalizing'' is to assert that each member of a ''Group'' has some specific property. Logically, if that property is a necessary property for each member of that group, this Action will specify a new 'Type''. However, because a ''Generalizing'' may do other kinds of relating of Groups and properties, the restriction ''mayProduce'' is used to describe this possibility. NOTE: the WN synset for 'generalize' includes 'extrapolate, infer' which are not intended as elements of this type, as they are types of reasoning that can use a 'generalization' rather than create one. Those terms are included in the element ''Inferring''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'generalization' in WordNet: 1. (3) abstraction, generalization, generalisation - (the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances) WN verb'generalize': 1. (8) generalize, generalise, extrapolate, infer - (draw from specific cases for more general cases)
Super-classes	Hypothesizing^c Postulating^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Generalization^c mayProduce^op value Type^c

Generally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generally

Description

''Generally'' is an AdverbialModifier that an assertion or attribute to specify that the assertion or attribute applies approximately to most cases within the scope of the sentence.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'generally' in Wordnet:
         3. (2) broadly, loosely, broadly speaking, generally -
             (without regard to specific details or exceptions;
             'he interprets the law broadly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Generating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generating`
Description	''Generating'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''GeneratingElectricity'' (e.g. sharacterizing electrial components that have than function), and might be extended to other forms of 'generation'.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

GeneratingElectricity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneratingElectricity`
Description	''GeneratingElectricity'' is any Action where ''Electricity'' (electrical power) is created, not merely removed from a reservoir such as a battery or capacitor. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'generate' and part of noun sense 6 of 'generation' (for electricity) in WordNet: 3. (3) generate - (produce (energy); 'We can't generate enough power for the entire city'; 'The hydroelectric plant needs to generate more electricity') WN noun 'generation': 6. generation - (the production of heat or electricity; 'dams were built for the generation of electricity')`
Super-classes	Creation^c Action^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Electricity^c

Generation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generation`
Description	Each ''Generation'' is a GroupOfAnimals that have a common number of ancestors in the line to a common ancestor. `@ToDO: how to express that?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'generation' in WordNet: 2. (7) generation - (group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent)`
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value RelatedAsKin^c hasComponentElement^op only Animal^c

GenerationOfContemporaries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenerationOfContemporaries`
Description	Each ''GenerationOfContemporaries'' is a Group of ''Contemporaries'' whose ages fall into a range of at least ten years and are identified popularly as having some common characteristic. The 'The me generation' , 'generation X'.
Super-classes	Contemporaries^c
Sub-classes	BoomerGeneration^c

Generational^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generational`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'generational' in Wordnet: 1. generational - (of or relating to a generation)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Generic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generic

Description

''Generic'' is an AttributeValue of labels that can apply to any of the instances of some Class (type) of thing.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'generic' in Wordnet:
          1. generic - (relating to or common to or descriptive of all members of a genus; 
               'the generic name')
          3. generic - (applicable to an entire class or group; 'is there a generic Asian mind?')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

GenericAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericAgent`
Description	A GenericAgent is an aggregate concept representing things that can be linguistically categorized as agents, that is they are the causative subject of an a''Action'' (subject in a subject-transitive verb-object phrase). A ''GenericAgent'' can be an Object normally considered as inanimate (such as a ''Volcano'' when not erupting) so this is a time and context sensitive category. Some Agents such as Organisms, will be ''Agent''s as long as they are ''Alive'' since they are then performing the Action of'Living''. " The package sat on the porch for three days. "- ''Package'' can be viewed as the ''GenericAgent'' that sat. One difficulty comes when including Organizations as Agents; Organizations are not actual physical Objects, therefore cannot literally do things to directly change the physical world by exerting force. This constrains the number of inferencs that can be attributed to an agent. Rather, people who belong to Organizations, or their 'agents' do the actual moving and lifting that are the causes of actions in the real world. Nevertheless we talk of organizations as though they were somehow objects that did the actions themselves. A second problem arises when inanimate objects take the linguistic form of agents: 'The rock broke the window' or 'The knife cut a deep gash in his arm'. By themselves, those sentences would have the rock or the knife as agents, and the window or arm as patients. If more detail were given: 'Tom broke the window with a rock'; 'Tom cut a deep gash in Mike's arm with a knife', the agent now shows up as Tom, and the rock and knife are instruments. For that reason, an instrument (a Role) is categorized in COSMO as a subtype of GenericAgent, to accommodate the linguistic structures where instruments take on the synactic/semantic role of an agent. This category is here to provide a place for the linguistic notion of 'Agent' (subject of an 'action' that can include 'social agents' such as organizations. In this classification we adopt a broad view of agents, allowing inanimate transitory things like hurricanes and tornadoes to be classified as AgentiveObjects. @@ToDo: NOTE that 'GenericAgent' is disjoint with Events, so hurricanes or earthquakes must be represented as Objects in order to fit into this category. (not yet thus refined - rev 1121). Until then, the 'cause' relations can beused, but without requiring an Agent in the subject position. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'agent' in WordNet: 1. (21) agent - (an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; 'their research uncovered new disease agents')
Sub-classes	VitalForce^c CollectiveAgent^c InstrumentRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c CausalAgent^c FictionalCharacter^c Evidence^c AgentRole^c AgreeingAgents^c IntentionalAgent^c CatalyticThing^c Stressor^c ComputerUser^c IndividualAgent^c PartyToAnAgreement^c AgentiveObject^c AgentGroup^c Stream^c Volcano^c GroupOfCountries^c MovingWater^c
In domain of	wasOpposedBy^op hasRight^op wasThePatientInAction^op
In range of	wasOpposedBy^op hadAgentInAgreement^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hobbit http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CitizenryOfTheNewOrleans http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotherNature http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LelandStanford

GenericAstronomicalObservatory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericAstronomicalObservatory`
Description	CYC 'AstronomicalObservatory': The collection of all installations constructed for gathering data on celestial and astronomical phenomena. Astronomical instruments are housed in observatories (and may even be a part of the structures). `NOTE: this includes satellite observatories. The ''Building'' that is designed as an 'AstronomicalObservatory' is represented as subtype ''AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding''.`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value ObservingAstronomicalObjects^c isTheLocationOf^op value AstronomicalTelescope^c
Sub-classes	AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding^c AstronomicalSatellite^c

GenericBookBinding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericBookBinding`
Description	binding books, whether by machine or by hand. See subtype 'Bookbinding' for the hand-produced bindings.
Super-classes	DocumentBindingEvent^c

GenericComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericComponent`
Description	A ''GenericComponent'' is the most generic type for any Part of an ''Object'' or ''Event'' that can be viewed as composed of more than one type of Thing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'component' in WordNet: 1. (22) component, constituent, element, factor, ingredient - (an abstract part of something; 'jealousy was a component of his character'; 'two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony'; 'the grammatical elements of a sentence'; 'a key factor in her success'; 'humor: an effective ingredient of a speech')`
Super-classes	Part^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some (Mixture^c or Object^c or Event^c or SubstanceType^c or ObjectType^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Component^c

GenericContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericContainer`
Description	A 'GenericContainer' can be Physical or Abstract, natural or artifactual. For example, it can be a body cavity (natural, physical) or a folder in computer file system that holds files or other folders (artifactual, abstract or physical). This very general type is used as one of the domains for the 'contains' relation. @ToDo: subrelations of 'contains' may be specialized to distinguish different types of containment (physical objects versus abstract objects) `There is no entry in WordNet or Longman DV corresponding to this abstract type - in WordNet 'container' refers only to the artifactual objects created to contain things. This COSMO type is a supertype of and includes the WordNet sense Wordnet 'container' (1 sense only): In WordNet: 1. (15) container - (any object that can be used to hold things (especially a large metal boxlike object of standardized dimensions that can be loaded from one form of transport to another))`
Super-classes	Object^c
Sub-classes	LavaTube^c CavityWithWalls^c Container^c

GenericDisguise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericDisguise`
Description	A ''GenericDisguise'' is anything (such as a mask) that changes the outward appearance of a PhysicalObject to make it look like something else. This includes disguising inanimate objects to 'camouflage' them, and 'disguising' tastes ('The herb disguises the garlic taste') as well as things worn on the body to conceal one's identity and also theatrical costumes and makeup used to make an actor look like the character being portrayed.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SomethingToWear^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Disguising^c

GenericForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericForm`
Description	A ''GenericForm'' is a generic ''AbstractDocument' consisting of one or more ''Page''s (things that when represented appear to be a ''PhysicalPage'', such as a ''ComputerScreenPage'', or in a ''DigitalInformationBearingObject'') that has one or more ''BlankField''s. `The printed form is subtype ''Form-StandardizedIBO''. This can be used to refer to 'forms' in a computer document.`
Super-classes	InformationStore^c HumanAccessibleIBT^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op some FormField^c
Sub-classes	Form-StandardizedIBO^c Questionnaire^c

GenericHero^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericHero`
Description	A person renowned (in some circles) for an exceptional deed. This is for males and females. The specifically female version is represented as a ''Heroine''. Should this be Male only? NOTE that WN specifies male - but this type is intended to be inclusive. This broader interpretation is close to the RHW sense 2: 2. a person who, in the opinion of others, has heroic qualities or has performed a heroic act and is regarded as a model or ideal: He was a local hero when he saved the drowning child. Includes but is broader than (includes ''Heroine'' as a subtype) noun sense 1 of 'hero' in Wordnet: 1. (19) hero - (a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength; 'RAF pilots were the heroes of the Battle of Britain')
Super-classes	Celebrity^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value HeroicDeed^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extraordinary^c
Sub-classes	Hero^c Heroine^c

GenericImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericImage`
Description	A ''GenericImage'' is a union of abstract and physical images and their parts, for convenience in discussing images in general.
Super-classes	Individual^c
Sub-classes	Graphics^c AbstractImage^c PartOfAnImage^c ProjectedImage^c PhysicalImage^c GenericPhotograph^c AbstractView^c

GenericInk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericInk`
Description	'GenericInk' is a category that includes all kinds of materials used in writing or printing, both liquids (classical 'Ink', a subtype) and toners used in xerographic printing. `'Ink' is not colorless The WordNet sense 1 of 'ink' is only for liquids; that is included here, but this category is broader: in WordNet: 1. (2) ink - (a liquid used for printing or writing or drawing)`
Super-classes	OpaqueSubstance^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op some Pigment^c typicallyHasAttribute^op value DarklyColored^c

GenericIntersection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericIntersection`
Description	A ''GenericIntersection''' can be any Object, abstract or physical, whether a point, line, or surface, where two or more Objects meet (touch, are adjacent, or have a common point, line, or surface). The ''GenericIntersection'' can be a PhysicaObject, such as the crossing areas between two streets (see subtype ''Crossway'') as long as it is a self-connected ''WholeObject''. This is most salient for the meeting point(s) of lines, but the 'corner' line where a wall meets a ceiling is also an instance.. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'intersection' (this tye includes PhysicalObjects as well as geometric) in WordNet: 3. intersection - (a point or set of points common to two or more geometric configurations)`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c Junction^c Object^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some (GroupType^c or ObjectType^c or Object^c)
Sub-classes	LineIntersection^c RoadIntersection^c Interchange^c

GenericLabel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericLabel`
Description	A GenericLabel is either an abstract or a physical artifact that is created with the intention of designating some entity or type of entity. Because it is a thing that points to something other than itself, it is a 'Sign'. This Type corresponds with the English word 'label' which is ambiguous as to abstract or physical labels. A designator (abstract) is an instance of this GenericLabel type, and a physical label that is attached to an individual object (such as the computer I am typing this on) is also an instance of this Type. A GenericLabel may be iconic or symbolic in a non-linguistic way, and therefore does not have to be a word or phrase. `This includes senses 1 and 4 of 'label' in WordNet. These senses are distinguished by the subtypes 'Designator' and 'PhysicalLabel' respectively. in WordNet: 1. (3) label - (a brief description given for purposes of identification; 'the label Modern is applied to many different kinds of architecture') 4. (1) label - (an identifying or descriptive marker that is attached to an object)`
Super-classes	Sign^c
Sub-classes	Designator^c PhysicalLabel^c

GenericLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericLocation`
Description	GenericLocation is the Type representing the most general notion of location, which can be abstract or concrete, a region of space (including an abstract space, such as the Internet considered as a set of nodes and links, where the nodes can represent computers whose physical location may vary), a point in space, or a physical object (e.g. building, ship, room). NOTE that an Address is not a location, but a label for a location. See 'Address'. NOTE: although almost all GenericLocations are exclusively spatial in some way, there is one 'TimeAndPlace' that is spatiotemporal, being a region of space-time that specifies some region of space over some interval of time. Use of an instance of 'TimeAndPlace' as an argument of a location relation allows one to include the important time interval qualifier in location relations, even though one is using only binary relations. this would not be necessary in a representation with higher-arity relations. This is somewhat similar to the Cyc 'Location-Underspecified' Cyc comment: The collection of locations, tangible or otherwise, which are typically conceptualized by human beings for purposes of common-sense reasoning as 'locations'. This collection thus includes tangible Places such as #$Ireland-TheIsland, as well as metaphoric locations. For instance, many states-of-being are conceptualized as abstract locations, such as Trouble ('he saw trouble ahead'), Depression ('she fell into a ...'), #$Happiness ('they found bliss together'). Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'location': SKOS def; 'Anything that can be defined as the answer to a question of the form, Where is...?' SKOS scope note: 'This includes physical places such as towns, cities, physical addresses, buildings etc. and also abstract places such as on-line trading venues or financial marketplaces.' the WordNet 'location' refers primarily to spatial locations, which are referenced in several subtypes of 'GenericLocation' : Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'location' and is somewhat broader than noun sense 1 of 'position' in WordNet: 1. (992) location - (a point or extent in space) WN 'position' 1. (39) position, place - (the particular portion of space occupied by something; 'he put the lamp back in its place')
Super-classes	SituationalContextComponent^c owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	SecuritiesExchange^c PlaceAtaDistance^c FictionalContext^c GenericIntersection^c OutsideLocation^c EnduringThing-Localized^c GeopoliticalEntity^c Organization^c Provenance^c SpatialThing^c Page^c SpiritWorld^c Path-Spatial^c PopulatedCommunity^c AbstractDocument^c DigitalInformationBearingObject^c SpatiotemporalRegionSeries^c Surface-Generic^c TimeAndPlace^c RelativeLocation^c Shoreline^c Agent-NonArtifact^c Sky^c UndergroundLocation^c LocationMeasure^c WorkingLocation^c Mind^c ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation^c AbstractDigitalObject^c InsideLocation^c RegionOrObject^c Place^c CountryBorder^c
In domain of	isAdjacentTo^op isAheadOf^op
In range of	isAdjacentTo^op isAheadOf^op hasSpatialRegion^op holdsAtLocation^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSpace http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthAndTheSun

GenericNetwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericNetwork`
Description	An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a sub-collection of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem. Each instance of #$Network-Generic is a system of linked nodes. The nodes may be concrete things like people, organizations, or computers, or abstract objects like geometric points. The links between nodes in an instance of #$Network-Generic are either directed or bi-directional, and there can be multiple links between nodes. Examples include computer networks and transactional networks.
Super-classes	PathSystem^c Semi-DirectedPathSystem^c
Sub-classes	NetworkOfLines^c Netting^c Network^c

GenericParticipant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericParticipant`
Description	A 'GenericParticipant' is anything (animate or inanimate, physical or abstract) that participates in some way in some ''Event'', in effect a broad interpretation of a ''GrammaticalRole''.. This is a subtype of ''RoleInAnEvent'' but is narrower than a ''CaseRole'' in that this type can not include 'where' and 'when' referents. This represents any of several grammatical roles in an Event: It could be an actor or patient of an action, or an instrument used in an action or something affected by the action. This does not include the time (when?) or location(where?) of an Event, or the cause or reason(why?) for performing it, or the manner (how?) it was done (except for mentioning the instrument), or the circumstances that may enable an Event. This is specifically a reification of the object of the relation 'hasParticipant'' which can point to almost anything other than time or space. An instance is defined by specifying the Event in which it 'participated' using the relation: ''isaParticipantIn'' (some event) It is in effect a reification of several grammatical roles but not all ''CaseRole''s.. This concept Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'participant' in WordNet, including things other than people. 1. (1) participant - (someone who takes part in an activity)
Super-classes	GrammaticalRole^c ThingWithAttribute^c RoleInAnEvent^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Participant^c CompetitionEntry^c

GenericPhotograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericPhotograph`
Description	A ''GenericPhotograph'' Can be a ''PhysicalObject'' that is a FreeSheet (the common kind on paper) or the surface part of ay kind of Object that has an Image created by a Camera,or a DigitalPhotograph (stored in some Electronic storage device) or the abstract representation of some such photograph,
Super-classes	GenericImage^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value View^c isProducedByEventType^op value TakingaPhotograph^c isCreatedByDeviceType^op value Camera^c
Sub-classes	Selfie^c Photograph^c

GenericRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericRule`
Description	A 'GenericRule' is 'Suggestion' for some Action that is stronger than something that one can perform or ignore without consequence, but is not an enfrceable Rule ('Rule") created by an authority that can punish non-conformance. This includes provisional rules that have not gone into effect (for any reason), and will not be enforced by the creating authority. `The most common subtype is 'Rule'. Unenforceable rules are not yet represented but can be when needed.`
Super-classes	Suggestion^c
Sub-classes	Rule^c

GenericSubstance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericSubstance

Description

List name: GenericSubstance_COSMO-added__not_an_object__includes_chemicals_ COSMO: GenericSubstance is an abstract notion of Substance as the stuff of which objects are composed. It is not an object, even though the 'Substance's in OpenCyc and SUMO are actually classes of objects of some particular (homogeneous) composition. In COSMO, we make this provision, among other reasons, to allow abstract 'substances' to compose abstract objects. In COSMO 'Substance' is a concept that is analogous to the derivative of an object with respect to volume, i.e. it acts like an abstract density (of some substance type). For COSMO version 0.01 (COSMOtopOWL03: 2006-01-01) the required axioms for a proper definition have not been added. For more discussion see: http://colab.cim3.net/file/work/SICoP/ontac/reference/DimensionsOfProcessAndEvent.doc

  ***********************  COSMO note:  ***********************
   COSMO note:   the logic of substances as represented in COSMO presents certain peculiar
    difficulties.  There are subtypes of substances, but no instances are
    actually used - the substances are treated as claes.  Thus when one wants
    to specify a property of a substance that should be inherited by its subtypes,
    one can say:
     [rdfs:subClassOf
       owl:Restriction
         owl:onProperty rdf:resource='#hasComponentSubstance'
         owl:hasValue rdf:resource='#Protein'
       /owl:Restriction
     /rdfs:subClassOf]
   ***BUT*** logically, this would only be inherited by the (nonexistent) instance of that
     substance, and would not show up in the actual 'substance' owl:Classes that are used 
     in reasoning in the ontology (an FOL version could interpret this in a meaningful way,
     but not OWL).
     Instead one should write:  [hasComponentSubstance rdf:resource='#Protein'] for
     the substance, ***and*** also for each subtype of that substance.
     One could in FOL easily add the relation on each subtype automatically, but the OWL
         logic does not have that capability.  Perhaps a macro could be used to enforce this
         desideratum, but as of rev1191 that has not been done.
     For the moment, such relations that should be inherited are usually written as though
     they are restrictions, but sometimes the direct relation is used instead or in addition).
     This looks and is somewhat disorganized at present, but can be easily fixed when needed
     for an FOL version.

     To a lesser extent, this problem arises with attribute values, but inheritence of
        properties is less important there.

Sub-classes Money^c
ActiveIngredient^c
Ingredient^c
Energy^c
Medium^c
Information^c
PhysicalSubstance^c

GenericSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericSubstanceType`
Description	Each instance of 'SurfaceObjectType'' is an instance of ''SubstanceType'' or ''MoneyType'' or ''EnergyType'' or any other type for ''GenericSubstance''s.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	SubstanceType^c EnergyType^c MoneyType^c

GenericVane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericVane`
Description	A general term for the thin flat objects or parts of Devices designed to be pushed by the flow of a fluid (vanes in a turbine or windmill or watermill or hydroelectric generator) or push against a fluid (blades in a fan or on an oar or in a paddlewheel), so as to propel a fluid or be propelled by a fluid. `Subtypes can be more specific as to property and function. CYC: The flat, blade-like components of a windmill that catch the wind and turn the turbine. Includes but is broader than noun sense 9 of 'blade' in WordNet, in that in some devices it may push rather than be pushed: in WordNet: 8. blade, vane - (flat surface that rotates and pushes against air or water)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Device^c FlatObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Device^c
Sub-classes	TurbineVane^c AerodynamicVane^c PaddleWheelPaddle^c PropellerBlade^c ToolBlade^c

GenericVictim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericVictim`
Description	An Animal, Group of animals, or Organization that was the 'target' (literal or figurative) of some Action that causes or is intended to cause harm, surprise, embarassment or humiliation to some Agent. For 'victims' that were actually harmed, use the subtype ''Victim''. This ''GenericVictim'' can be used,in addition to literal ''Victim''s that were harmed by some Event, people who were the target of a ''Prank'' or ''PracticalJoke'' or 'roast' or the 'butt' of a joke. NOTE: the type ''Target'' has some conceptual overlap, but includes inanimate things. COSMO NOTE: Something referred to as a ''Victim'' is usually a Person, so this term ''GenericVictim'' can be used in COSMO for any ''Animal'' that is the object of ''HarmingAnAgent'' so as to make representing that action more concise. There is no term in WordNet specific for this concept. WN NOTE this is a generic 'vctim' which included non-human animals and does not require actual harm. This is the closes WN sysnset: Includes but is broader than sense 2 of 'target' in WordNet: 2. (4) prey, quarry, target, fair game - (a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence; 'he fell prey to muggers'; 'everyone was fair game'; 'the target of a manhunt')
Super-classes	Role^c Animal^c
Restrictions	wasAffectedByEvent^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Victim^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CitizenryOfTheNewOrleans

GenericWebPage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericWebPage`
Description	Each 'GenericWebPage' is a group of one or more 'ComputerFile-Abstract'(s) that is accessible from the Internet, and composed of or directly linked to one addressable Computer file. Each component 'ComputerFile-Abstract'is also considered as an 'AbstractDocument'. For browser-viewable single computer files (rendered in html), use 'WebPage-AIS'. `NOTE that even computer files that are referred to on a 'GenericWebPage' but physically located elsewhere are considered as part (a component element)of that 'GenericWebPage'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'webpage' in WordNet: 1. web page, webpage - (a document connected to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet who has a web browser)`
Super-classes	Page^c ComputerFileGroup^c AbstractInformationStore^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some WebSite^c hasComponentElement^op only WebPage-AIS^c
Sub-classes	WebPage-AIS^c WebDirectoryPage^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semantic_Interoperability_Wikipedia

GenericWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericWorker`
Description	A ''GenericWorker'' is any LegalAgent (Person or Organization) that can perform some work for pay. This is used to generalize the role of ''Contractor'' beyond individal humans. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'worker' in WordNet, but as a subtype: in WordNet: 1. (289) worker - (a person who works at a specific occupation; 'he is a good worker')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Contractor^c FreelanceWorker^c

Generous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generous`
Description	'Generous' is an AttributeValue of someone who has the trait of generosity (a special type of kindness). NOTE that in COSMO the difference between 'having a trait' and having an attribute that specifies having that trait is not distinguished. To be generous and to have generosity are treated in COSMO as different linguistic methods to specify the same meaning. Therefore 'generous' as an adjective is considered as the referent for the nominalized form 'generosity' as well as the adjectival form. This includes 'unselfish' and 'giving'; any nuances between those terms will need to be considered when necessary. Very similar to ''Charity'',which see. See also 'ActOfGenerosity'. However, the notion 'generosity' is also used to characterize actions, and this is a distinct sense. (sense 2 in Wordnet). As the WordNet example for 'generous' shows, the use of 'generous' for an Event (i.e. 'donation') is also considered as implying the trait for the person doing the generous act. in WordNet: WN 'generosity': 1. (1) generosity, generousness - (the trait of being willing to give your money or time) 2. generosity, unselfishness - (acting generously) WN 'generous': 1. (2) generous - (willing to give and share unstintingly; 'a generous donation') WN adj 'unselfish': 1. (1) unselfish - (disregarding your own advantages and welfare over those of others) WN adj 'giving': 1. big, bighearted, bounteous, bountiful, freehanded, handsome, giving, liberal, openhanded - (given or giving freely; 'was a big tipper'; 'the bounteous goodness of God'; 'bountiful compliments'; 'a freehanded host'; 'a handsome allowance'; 'Saturday's child is loving and giving'; 'a liberal backer of the arts'; 'a munificent gift'; 'her fond and openhanded grandfather')
Super-classes	Kind^c
Sub-classes	Altruistic^c

Generously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Generously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'generously' in Wordnet: 1. (1) liberally, munificently, generously - (in a generous manner; 'he gave liberally to several charities')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Genetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genetic`
Description	''Genetic'' is an AttributeValue of things that pertain to ''genetcs' or ''Gene''s or are related to inheritance. `Includes adjective senses 2, and 4 of 'genetic' in WordNet: 2. genic, genetic, genetical - (of or relating to or produced by or being a gene; 'genic combinations'; 'genetic code') 4. genetic, genetical - (of or relating to the science of genetics; 'genetic research')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Hereditary^c

GeneticCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneticCondition`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition. Each instance of #$GeneticCondition is an abnormal physiological condition which developed in a particular organism due to that organism's genetic configuration. Such conditions are not contagious as infections are, but they may be hereditary. Specializations of #$GeneticCondition include #$DownsSyndrome, #$Hemophilia, and #$SickleCellAnemia.
Super-classes	CongenitalCondition^c ChronicCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hereditary^c
Sub-classes	GeneticDisorder^c

GeneticDisease^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneticDisease

Description

A ''GeneticDisease'' is a subtype of 'Disease' that is caused at least in part by a genetic mutation abnormal functioning.

      Subtype:
       Also called diabetes mellitis
          a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, usually occurring in 
          genetically predisposed individuals, characterized by inadequate 
          production or utilization of insulin and resulting in excessive amounts 
          of glucose in the blood and urine, excessive thirst, weight loss, 
          and in some cases progressive destruction of small blood vessels 
          leading to such complications as infections and gangrene of the limbs or blindness.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geneic disease' in WordNet:
         1. genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic abnormality,
           genetic defect, congenital disease, inherited disease, 
           inherited disorder, hereditary disease, hereditary condition -
           (a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically)

Super-classes MetabolicDisorder^c
AnimalDisease^c

GeneticDisorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneticDisorder`
Description	A inherited disease - caused by faulty gene(s). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genetic disorder' in WordNet: 1. genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic abnormality, genetic defect, congenital disease, inherited disease, inherited disorder, hereditary disease, hereditary condition - (a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically)`
Super-classes	GeneticCondition^c AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	Hemophilia^c

Genetically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genetically

Description

''Genetically'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes attributes of Organisms that were inherited, as well as the process of inheritance by means of transmission of genes from ancestor to descendent.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'genetically' in Wordnet:
         1. genetically - (by genetic mechanisms; "genetically passed down talents")

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Geneticist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geneticist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geneticist' in WordNet: 1. (1) geneticist - (a biologist who specializes in genetics)`
Super-classes	Biologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Genetics^c

Genetics^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genetics

Description

the science that studies 'Gene''s and ''InheritingGenes''.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genetics' in WordNet:
            1. (1) genetics, genetic science - (the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms)

Super-classes Biology^c

Genital^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genital

Description

''Vaginal'' is an attribute pertaining to the ''Vagina'' and to objects, processes and diseases associated with the ''Vagina''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'genital' in Wordnet:
          1. genital, venereal - (of or relating to the external sex organs; 'genital herpes'; 'venereal disease')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Genius^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genius`
Description	A ''SmartPerson'' with exceptional level of intelligence. Considered in COSMO as innate, and therefore being a ''Gifted'' person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genius' in WordNet: 1. (2) genius, mastermind, brain, brainiac, Einstein - (someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality; 'Mozart was a child genius'; 'he's smart but he's no Einstein')`
Super-classes	SmartPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gifted^c hasCapability^op value GeniusAbility^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brilliant^c
Sub-classes	Prodigy^c

GeniusAbility^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeniusAbility

Description

''GeniusAbility'' is a higher degree of ''HighIntelligence'', possessed by only rare exceptional people, A Person may exhibit ''GeniusAbility'' in various ways, not merely academic ability.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'genius' in WordNet:
         2. (2) brilliance, genius - (unusual mental ability)

Super-classes HighIntelligence^c

Genocide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genocide`
Description	`NOTE: ''Genocide'' is an attempted extermination of a whole race, but typically kills only a part of the target racial group. Also, in a 'Genocide'' there may be people killed incidentally that do not belong to the target group. Corresponds to part (the attempt) of noun sense 1 of 'genocide' in WordNet: 1. genocide, race murder, racial extermination - (systematic killing of a racial or cultural group)`
Super-classes	Massacre^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op min 100 hasAttemptedAction^op value RaceExtermination^c

Genome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genome`
Description	A ''Genome'' is the full set of ''Gene''s in some ''LifeForm'', including ''Virus''es and therefore may be composed of DNA or RNA. RHW 'genome': a full set of chromosomes; all the inheritable traits of an organism. NOTE: WN 'genome' is a subtype of 'ordering but this represention of a ''Genome'' is the PhysicalObject consisting of the whole 'set' (''Group'') ''Gene''s for one particular ''LifeForm''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genome' in WordNet: 1. genome - (the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism; 'the human genome contains approximately three billion chemical base pairs')
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value LifeForm^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value NucleicAcid^c hasComponentPart^op min 1 hasComponentElement^op min 2

Genotype^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genotype`
Description	A Group of protoypical Attributes of some Group of Organisms with the same genetic constitution, in contrast to the actual attributes of the same type for some individal Organism or specific Group(s) of Organisms with the same Genotype, but possibly having observable attributes that differ from the prototypical attributes for the genetically similar group. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'genotype' in WordNet: 1. genotype - (a group of organisms sharing a specific genetic constitution) 2. genotype, genetic constitution - (the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism)`
Super-classes	Components^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some OrganismPartType^c hasComponentElement^op some Attribute^c

Genre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genre`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genre' in WordNet: 1. (1) genre - (a kind of literary or artistic work)`
Super-classes	Sort^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value ArtActivity^c
Sub-classes	MusicGenre^c Novella^c LoveStory^c ScienceFiction-Genre^c Adventure-Genre^c RomanceStory-Generic^c Criticism-Genre^c

GenreType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenreType`
Description	A ''GenreType'' is is a ''Sort'' of Music or Art or literary work, categorized by certain distinctions, some of which have distinctive recognizable character, which might be difficult to describe in logic. `There is no clear distinction in COSMO between an instance of ''Genre'' (which is an owl:Class) and the other owl:Classes that are subtypes of the Genre. Needs more work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genre' in WordNet: 1. (1) genre - (a kind of literary or artistic work)`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	SitCom RomanceMovie FolkMusic RapMusic MusicGenre Modernism RockMusic LoveStory Farce ClassicalMusic ScienceFiction-Genre BluegrassMusic Criticism-Genre ReligiousMusic Comedy InstrumentalMusic Melodrama Novella Chant PopularMusic Adventure-Genre Genre JazzMusic ReligiousMusicGenre Tragedy RomanceStory-Generic CountryMusic Song-MusicGenre Postmodernism MusicalSuite

Genteel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genteel

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'genteel' in Wordnet:
         1. civilized, civilised, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polite -
             (marked by refinement in taste and manners; 'cultivated speech';
             'cultured Bostonians'; 'cultured tastes'; 'a genteel old lady'; 'polite society')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Gentle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gentle

Description

'Gentle' is an AttributeValue of an Animal or of an Event. This is broadly construed to include metaphorical usage and does not necessarily imply that the thing modified is a ''IntentionalAgent''. For example, a ''Breeze'' is a ''Gentle'' ''Wind''.

   @ToDo: differentiate those senses??

  For Actions, it can represent a delicate handling - as to handle a piece of
      china 'gently' - or can demonstrate an attitude or characteristic
      of being gentle.  In the latter case, such an action would be an instance
      of the type 'GentleAct'
    The 'gentle' of adj sense 1 of WordNet (characterizing speech acts)
       is not included, and should be a separate sense (not done as of v0.53)
    1. (6) gentle, soft - (soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe;
              'a gentle reprimand'; 'a vein of gentle irony'; 'poked gentle fun at him')
  Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'gentle' in WordNet:
    2. (4) gentle - (having or showing a kindly or tender nature;
        'the gentle touch of her hand'; 'her gentle manner was comforting';
        'a gentle sensitive nature'; 'gentle blue eyes')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

GentleAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GentleAct`
Description	A GentleAct is an act by a Person that is either physically gentle, i.e. does not cause physical stress on the objects handled, or demonstrates to observers that the person performing that act is Gentle, at least in that specific case. `The closest Wordnet sense seems to be 'kindness', which does not necessarily include acts that are physically gentle: in WordNet: 3. kindness, benignity - (a kind act)`
Super-classes	ActExhibitingCharacterTrait^c
Restrictions	exhibitsEmotion^op value Gentleness^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gentle^c agentHasAttribute^op value Gentle^c

Gentleman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gentleman`
Description	WordNet: Contrasted with 'boor' or 'ruffian' or 'scoundrel'. in WordNet: 1. (9) gentleman - (a man of refinement)
Super-classes	Man^c

Gentleness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gentleness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gentleness' in WordNet: 2. gentleness, softness, mildness - (acting in a manner that is gentle and mild and even-tempered; 'his fingers have learned gentleness'; 'suddenly her gigantic power melted into softness for the baby'; 'even in the pulpit there are moments when mildness of manner is not enough')`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value GentleAct^c

Genuine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Genuine

Description

''Genuine'' is an AttributeValue of objects that are not copies or counterfeited. For the more general sense of 'authentic' use parent Attribute ''Authentic''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'genuine' in Wordnet:
        1. (6) genuine, echt - (not fake or counterfeit; 'a genuine Picasso'; 'genuine leather')
      WN adj 'original'
        4. original - (not derived or copied or translated from something else; 
         'the play is original; not an adaptation'; 'he kept the original copy 
         and gave her only a xerox'; "the translation misses much of the subtlety 
         of the original French")

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Authentic^c

GeoDirectionalAttribute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeoDirectionalAttribute

Description

A two-dimensional directional measure (i.e. a Vector) that is constrained to point along the surface of the Earth. This can be represented as one-dimensional if one of the axes is fixed, typically True North. Then the direction can be represented and interpreted as degrees clockwise relative to True North.

In SUMO called 'DirectionalAttribute':
SUMO: The subclass of PositionalAttributes 
      that concern compass directions.

Super-classes DirectionMeasure^c

GeoOrientationMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeoOrientationMeasure`
Description	A GeoOrientationMeasure is an OrientationMeasure for which one degree of freedom is missing, namely that the direction vector is constrained to lie in the plane defined by the Earth's surface, and the reference grid will be the Latitude and Longitude grid for the Earth..
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c

GeodesicLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeodesicLine`
Description	A ''GeodesicLine'' is an arc on ''EarthsSurface'' that is a crcle or an arc of a crcle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geodesic line' in WordNet: 1. geodesic, geodesic line - ((mathematics) the shortest line between two points on a mathematically defined surface (as a straight line on a plane or an arc of a great circle on a sphere))`
Super-classes	GeographicalLine-Intangible^c
Sub-classes	LineOfLatitude^c

Geographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geographer`
Description	A ''Geographer'' is Person who specializes in some aspect of ''Geography''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geographer' in WordNet: 1. (1) geographer - (an expert on geography)`
Super-classes	Expert^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Geography^c

GeographicKnowledge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicKnowledge`
Description	'GeographicKnowledge' is some body of Knowledge that describes the properties of some region of the Earth's surface.
Super-classes	Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value EarthSurfaceObject^c

GeographicMap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicMap`
Description	A Map of some region of the Earth's surface, represented as an oblong region whose sides correspond to latitude lines and longitude lines. A GeographicMap is therefore typically represented as oriented North at the top of the image. As an AbstractImage, it can be physically represented at any size. Therefore a 'scale' is not an appropriate attribute. For abstract Maps that are intended to be printed at some size, a subtype will be needed. Physical maps are represented as 'PhysicalMap', and those can have a scale. `The area of each GeographicMap coincides with the area of some GeographicalRectangle. (this is not yet formalized)`
Super-classes	Map^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op only GeographicalArea^c
Sub-classes	ContourMap^c

Geographical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geographical

Description

''Geographical'' is the attribute of places, actions, and features on the Earth's surface.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'geographical' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) geographic, geographical - (of or relating to the science of geography)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GeographicalAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalAgent`
Description	A specialization of both #$MultiIndividualAgent and #$GeographicalThing. Each instance of #$GeographicalAgent is a group of people and/or organizations cohesive enough to be treated as an agent (see the collection #$Agent, of which #$GeographicalAgent is a specialization), and which occupies a particular instance of #$GeographicalRegion. Important specializations of #$GeographicalAgent include #$GeopoliticalEntity, #$University, and #$Neighborhood. Note that instances of #$GeographicalAgent are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a 'physical' geography microtheory (i.e. #$PhysicalGeographyMt and its submicrotheories), geographical agents are clearly distinguished from the regions they occupy. (#$TerritoryFn GEO-AGENT) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (an instance of #$GeographicalRegion) occupied by a given geographical agent GEO-AGENT. In a 'dualist' geography microtheory (i.e. #$DualistGeopoliticalMt and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geographical agents are viewed as being both agents and land masses (instances of #$GeographicalRegion). Thus, there is little need for #$TerritoryFn in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geographical agents and regions more closely than do the stricter physical microtheories.) There are also some 'generic' geography microtheories (e.g. #$WorldGeographyMt and #$GeographyMt) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note for this constant.
Super-classes	GeographicalThing^c CollectiveAgent^c
Sub-classes	University^c GeopoliticalEntity^c

GeographicalArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalArea`
Description	''GeographicalArea'' is the total (informally, a Group) of PhysicalObjects located in some a three-dimensional Region of space that is on or close to the surface of the Earth; most of it is part of the Earth's surface, but it include structures and other relatively immobile objects in that Region as well. This is the category that should be used to specify physical properties of areas of the Earth, such as the areas defined by Countries and ruled by their governments. Although three-dimensional, most ''GeographicalArea''s will be relatively thin and sheet-like in shape, as the areas of interest are close to the Earth's surface. NOTE that as a Region, it is disjoint with a PhysicalObject. COSMO note: in Cyc this was 'GeographicalRegion'. In COSMO, Geographical reasoning uses only the spatial points, areas and volumes that are defined relative to some set of Geodetic coordinates. The physical objects that occupy that region are related to the region, but are classified separately under 'GeographicalObject'. A PhysicalObject, but one need not specify the mass: set to -1'. Note that to be consistent with SUMO usage, one-and two-dimensional regions are not included in this categeory. They can be represented by 'GeographicalRegion'. ''GeographicalRegion'' (SUMO) includes Earth areas only SUMO: A geographic location on Earth, generally having definite boundaries. SUMO: Note that this differs from its immediate superclass Region in that a GeographicArea is a three-dimensional Region of the earth. Accordingly, all astronomical objects other than earth and all one-dimensional and two-dimensional Regions are not classed under GeographicArea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'area' and noun sense 1 of 'place' and sense 1 of 'spot' and to part of sense 3 of 'region' in WordNet; NOTE that this type is not a point, as suggested by the Wordnet gloss, but a region, as no physical object can be wholly located at a point.and this type must accommodate whole PhysicalObjects. in WordNet: WN noun 'area': 1. (620) area, country - (a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); 'it was a mountainous area'; 'Bible country') WN 'region': 3. (2) region - (a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; 'penguins inhabit the polar regions') WN 'place' 1. (79) topographic point, place, spot - (a point located with respect to surface features of some region; 'this is a nice place for a picnic')
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Surface-Generic^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthSurfaceRegion^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c
Sub-classes	HighestPoint^c ArchaeologicalSite^c GeographicalZone^c CenterOfaGeographicalArea^c HumanResidenceArea^c Vineyard^c Kashmir^c AdjacentDrainageBasins^c DrainageBasin^c ControlledLand^c LatitudinalZone^c EcologicalArea^c ColonyArea^c PolarZone^c RuralArea^c OilField^c RiftValley^c PostalCodeArea^c OutdoorArea^c EarthHemisphere^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midwest http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaribbeanArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubSaharanAfrica

GeographicalArea-Intangible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalArea-Intangible`
Description	CYC: The collection of two dimensional intangible geographical things. For instance, the abstract (i.e. #$Intangible) area circumscribed by the 25th and 65th north parallels and the 45th and 125th west meridian (see #$GeographicalPlace-2D) - #$ContiguousUnitedStates is located there; #$BattleZone is an example of specialization.
Super-classes	Surface-Intangible^c GeographicalThing-Intangible^c GeometricThing-Localized^c

GeographicalBoundary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalBoundary`
Description	A 'GeographicalBoundary' can be a boundary between countries, or between geographical features (such as a Shoreline), or geographical regions. A 'GeographicalBoundary' is a Line, but it can be extended vertically to divide two geographical three-dimensional spaces.
Super-classes	BoundaryLine^c GeographicalLine-Intangible^c
Sub-classes	Shoreline^c CountryBorder^c

GeographicalDatumPoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalDatumPoint`
Description	Each GeographicalDatumPoint is a point on or near the Earth's surface that has zero altitude relative to the WGS84 datum. Each such point is part of the WGS84 surface. Since the altitude is always zero, it can be completely located (relative to Earth) by a Latitude and a Longitude value.
Super-classes	GeographicalPoint^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WGS84^c

GeographicalDepresson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalDepresson`
Description	A 'GeographicalDepresson' is a Concavity of significant size (large than HumanScal) on the surface of the Earth formed by geological forces, and not man-made. `Corresponds to sense 3 of 'depression' in WordNet 3. (3) natural depression, depression - (a sunken or depressed geological formation)`
Super-classes	Concavity^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some GeographicalRegion[Cyc-includes_other_planets]^c
Sub-classes	Sinkhole^c Valley^c Cirque^c Lowland^c

GeographicalLine-Intangible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalLine-Intangible`
Description	A specialization of both #$GeographicalThing-Intangible and (#$LocalizedShapeTypeFn #$Line) (qq.v.). This is the collection of one-dimensional intangible geographical lines, fixed-location or otherwise. Its specializations include #$LatitudeLine, #$LineOfMilitaryForces, and #$GeopoliticalBorder.
Super-classes	GeometricThing-Localized^c Line^c GeographicalThing-Intangible^c Path-Spatial^c
Sub-classes	TrackOnGround^c Trajectory^c Watershed^c GeographicalBoundary^c GeodesicLine^c

GeographicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalObject`
Description	Each GeographicalObject represents one or more of the large physical objects that are contained within some ''GeographicalRegion'' or ''GeographicalArea''. These ''PhysicalObject''s are part of the ''GeographicalRegion'' that comprise all the sum of ''PhysicalObject''s occupying some ''GeographicalRegion''. For every GeographicalObject of sufficient interest to be defined, there should be some ''GeographicalRegion'' (for Earth) or GeographicalRegion (for any planet-like astronomical body) that has already been defined to specify the region of interest. One might, for example, want to defined 'ThePortOfBaltimoreObject' to discuss all of the physical objects that are located within 'ThePortOfBaltimoreArea'. `As of version 0.23, the only specialization of GeographicalObject defined is BodyOfWater - the physical water contained in some region such as a lake or the AtlanticOcean.`
Super-classes	EarthSurfaceObject^c LargeObject^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	WaterBodyBed^c OutdoorGeographicalObject^c BodyOfWater^c RiverDelta^c

GeographicalPoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalPoint`
Description	GeographicalPoint is a merger of the Cyc GeographicalPoint-Intangible and '#$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation', which appeared to make unnecessary distinctions that violate linguistic intuitions, be confusing, and possibly redundant. GeographicalPoint is a location which is a point on the surface of the Earth (land or water), which will have a measure expressed as Latitude and Longitude, and has an altitude of zero relative to the standard geoid (datum) representing the Earth's surface. It is therefore located on the geodetic datum. This differs from Cyc usage. The 'surface' used in COSMO is the geoid Datum WSG84. This is provisional and can change. Cyc - '#$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation' The subcollection of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation whose instances are intangible points on the Earth's surface that have relatively fixed geographic locations. Each geographical point is located on a unique #$LatitudeLine and on a unique #$LongitudeLine, and is itself the point of intersection of those two lines. Cyc: GeographicalPoint-Intangible The collection of zero dimensional intangible geographical objects [#$GeographicalThing-Intangible.] Instances of this collection are typically points on a map. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geographic point' in WordNet: 1. geographic point, geographical point - (a point on the surface of the Earth)
Super-classes	SpacePoint-Empirical^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c isNearTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WGS84^c
Sub-classes	GeographicalDatumPoint^c GeographicalSurfacePoint^c EarthPole^c

GeographicalPoint-Intangible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalPoint-Intangible`
Description	Synonym of a merged concept for GeographicalPoint.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation`
Description	Synonym of a merged concept for GeographicalPoint.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

GeographicalRectangle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalRectangle`
Description	GeographicalRectangle is a rectangular two-dimensional area (not necessarily flat) that is bordered by four LatLong points, for which the two western points have the same longitude, the two northern points have the same latitude, etc, forming a perfect rectangle in a Mercator projection. The points are located on the Earth's geoid, and the distance from the center of the Earth for each point in this area may vary depending on the distance of the geoid.
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some EarthsGeoid^c

GeographicalRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalRegion`
Description	Each ''GeographicalRegion'' is a connected one-,two- or three-dimensional region of space located on or near the surface of ''Earth'''. For 3-dimensonal regions specifically on the Earth, use ''GeographicalRegion''. For the ''PhysicalObject''s (including the ground and structures) occupying a ''GeographicalRegion'', use ''GeographicalArea''. For a ''GeographicalRegion'' marked off by a GeopoliticalEntity for some reason other than generic government purposes, use subtype ''District'' It is understood that the regions defined are stationary with respect to some coordinate system in which the astronomical object itself is considered to be stationary. The astronomical object itself (most commonly the Earth) will of course be rotating and moving through space, and those motions are ignored when the relative locations defined by 'GeographicalRegion' are used. A GeographicalRegion will include some portion of the space above the solid material that defines the region, and below the surface; at this point (v 0.44) we have not precisely specified how much of the space above or below the surface is included. COSMO note: this Cyc category is reinterpreted as representing only spatial regions - points, areas, or volumes, on or near the surface of some planetary body (to clearly specify the Earth, use the subtype ''GeographicalRegion''), but this does not represent any of the physical objects that might exist in that region. The discussion of 'tangible' in the Cyc documentation below suggests the inclusion of physical objects, but that is not the intent of this COSMO cateegory. Though this category does not include any physical objects, one may use 'GeographicalObject' to specify all of the objects in any GeographicalRegion, if desired. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeographicalThing and #$Surface-Physical. Each instance of #$GeographicalRegion is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually #$PlanetEarth), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g., language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. #$TimeZones). In dualist geopolitical contexts [see #$DualistGeopoliticalMt], instances of #$GeopoliticalEntity are also considered to be instances of #$GeographicalRegion. In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of #$GeographicalRegion contrast in this respect with the instances of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible, which are wholly intangible. Examples of #$GeographicalRegion include #$RockyMountainStates-USRegion, the #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$SinaiPeninsula, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts - #$YaleUniversity and #$CityOfPittsburghPA. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections #$LanguageArea, #$TimeZone, #$PostalCodeRegion, #$EcologicalRegion, #$ConstructionSite, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts -- #$GeopoliticalEntity. No instances of #$GeographicalRegion are wholly indoor locations. WN noun 'area': in WordNet: 1. (620) area, country - (a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); 'it was a mountainous area'; 'Bible country') WN 'place' 1. (79) topographic point, place, spot - (a point located with respect to surface features of some region; 'this is a nice place for a picnic') WN noun 'region': 3. (2) region - (a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; 'penguins inhabit the polar regions') WN noun 'geographical region': 1. geographical area, geographic area, geographical region, geographic region - (a demarcated area of the Earth)
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion[Cyc-includes_other_planets]^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthSurfaceRegion^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	EcologicalRegion^c TimeZone^c ContinentRegion^c RuralRegion^c Outdoors^c TerritorialWaters^c Southland^c WaterRegion^c LandRegion^c GeographicalRectangle^c EarthsGeoid^c GeopoliticalRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleEast http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Normandy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutsideOfUSA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CentralAsia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthSurfaceRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphereRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BottomOfTheAtlantic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Appalachia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthPolarRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tropics http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kurdistan

GeographicalRegionPair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalRegionPair`
Description	A ''GeographicalRegionPair'' is a 'RegionPair' that one may want to relate to other entities, or to each other, e.g. to specify the ''BonaryLine''.
Super-classes	RegionPair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only GeographicalRegion^c
Sub-classes	PairOfCountries^c

GeographicalSpaceRegion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalSpaceRegion

Description

COSMO: This is any volume, point,or surface on or near the surface of the Earth. This differs form its usage in Cyc.

    Cyc:  A specialization of both #$SpaceRegion-Empirical
        and #$GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation (qq.v.).
        Instances of #$GeographicalSpaceRegion are pieces of space
        that are relevant to geographical reasoning. They are
        intangible points, lines, or surfaces that are all incident
        in the projected surface of reference on which instances of
        #$GeographicalThing are located, and which themselves have a
        fixed location with respect to that surface.
        Specializations of #$GeographicalSpaceRegion include
        #$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation,
        #$GeographicalPlace-1D, and #$GeographicalPlace-2D.

Super-classes GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation^c
PhysicalSpaceRegion^c

GeographicalSurfacePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalSurfacePoint`
Description	GeographicalPoint is a merger of the Cyc GeographicalPoint-Intangible and '#$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation', which appeared to make unnecessary distinctions that violate linguistic intuitions, be confusing, and possibly redundant. GeographicalSurfacePoint is a location which is a point on the surface of the Earth (land or water), which will have a measure expressed as Latitude and Longitude, and has some altitude of zero relative to the standard geoid (datum), WSG84 representing the Earth's surface at zero altitude above sea level. Cyc - '#$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation' The subcollection of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation whose instances are intangible points on the Earth's surface that have relatively fixed geographic locations. Each geographical point is located on a unique #$LatitudeLine and on a unique #$LongitudeLine, and is itself the point of intersection of those two lines. Cyc: GeographicalPoint-Intangible The collection of zero dimensional intangible geographical objects [#$GeographicalThing-Intangible.] Instances of this collection are typically points on a map.
Super-classes	GeographicalPoint^c
Restrictions	isNearTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WGS84^c
Sub-classes	Confluence^c

GeographicalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalThing`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 This collection may be thought of as consisting of all the entities which are localizable within the context of a geography, in the sense that they might plausibly be represented on a map. This includes both #$PartiallyTangible entities like #$GeographicalRegions, and also entities that may be wholly #$Intangible, like territorial borders and boundaries, #$LatitudeLines and #$LongitudeLines, trajectories of missiles and courses of ships, and the #$Equator. `NOTE: subtypes of this type may be regions, agents (Countries) or Objects, which are disjoint with each other. Thus this cannot be considered as necessarily any one of those entities.`
Super-classes	SpatialThing-Localized^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	GeographicalRegion[Cyc-includes_other_planets]^c Landmark^c GeographicalThing-Intangible^c ServiceFacility^c RuralRegion^c RuralArea^c GeographicalAgent^c FixedStructure^c TacticalTerrainObject^c MilitaryBase^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c

GeographicalThing-Intangible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalThing-Intangible`
Description	A specialization of both #$GeographicalThing and #$IntangibleExistingThing (qq.v.). The collection of all things that occupy definite locations in geographic space (in the sense of being representable on a map) but that are nevertheless best considered #$Intangible or imaginary . Examples include #$LatitudeLines and #$LongitudeLines, the courses of airplanes and ships, ballistic trajectories, territorial boundaries and borders, air traffic control zones, etc. Contrast with #$GeographicalRegion.
Super-classes	GeographicalThing^c IntangibleExistingThing^c
Sub-classes	GeographicalArea-Intangible^c GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation^c GeographicalLine-Intangible^c

GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation`
Description	CYC: The collection of all intangible things that have a relatively fixed geographic locations, such as the #$Equator, the #$NorthPole, #$LongitudeLines, stable borders, etc. Contrast this with #$GeographicalThing-Intangible-MovableLocation.
Super-classes	GeographicalThing-Intangible^c Place^c
Sub-classes	GeographicalSpaceRegion^c

GeographicalZone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicalZone`
Description	A ''GeographicalZone'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' categorized by some distinctive characteristics other than latitude. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zone' in WordNet: 1. (1) zone - (a circumscribed geographical region characterized by some distinctive features)`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c
Restrictions	hasFeature^op some (ObjectType^c or Object^c or Feature^c)
Sub-classes	Tundra^c Steppe^c Taiga^c

Geographically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geographically

Description

''Geographically'' is an AdverbialModifier that asserts that the adjective modifiedis to be interpreted with respect to ''Geography'' and to ''GeographicalObject''s or their properties.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'geographically' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) geographically - (with respect to geography;
             'they are geographically closer to the center of town')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

GeographicallyHigh^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicallyHigh

Description

An AttributeValue of a location (often the top surface, but it can be any location) on an ''OutdoorGeographicalObject'' that is raised above the surrounding terrain by at least 100 feet (30 meters)

       Used, e.g.,  as part of the description of an ''Overlook'' or any other natural location 
       where the height above ground level is significant.

Super-classes High^c

GeographicallyLow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeographicallyLow

Description

An AttributeValue of a location of an ''OutdoorGeographicalObject'' that is lower than the surrounding terrain by at least 100 feet (30 meters). Used mostly of terrain signficantly lower in altitude than other terrain for tens of miles around.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'low-lying' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) low-lying - (having a small elevation above
            the ground or horizon or sea level; 'low-lying clouds')

Super-classes High^c

Geography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geography`
Description	''Geography'' is an ''EarthScience'' that deals with visual characteristics of areas on the surface of the Earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geography' in WordNet: 1. geography, geographics - (study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation)`
Super-classes	EarthScience^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value GeographicalBoundary^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	Topography^c

Geological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geological

Description

''Geological'' is the attribute pertaining to ''Geology'' particularly characteristics of and events on the Earth's surface, including changes due to forces acting from within and on the surface of the Earth..

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'geological' in Wordnet:
            1. (2) geological, geologic - (of or relating to or based on geology; 
                  'geological formations'; 'geologic forces')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GeologicalAge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeologicalAge`
Description	In CYC called 'GeologicalEra': A specialization of #$GeologicalTimePeriod. Instances of #$GeologicalEra are the longest divisions of geological time. There are four such divisions: the #$Precambrian-GeologicalEra, the #$Palaeozoic-GeologicalEra, #$Mesozoic-GeologicalEra, and the #$Cenozoic-GeologicalEra. CYC 'GeologicalEra' : A specialization of #$GeologicalTimePeriod. Instances of #$GeologicalPeriod are divisions of #$GeologicalEras (q.v.). For example, the #$Jurassic-GeologicalPeriod is a sub-interval of the #$Mesozoic-GeologicalEra. This type includes CYC 'GeologicalAge' and 'GeologicalEra' The ''GeologicalAge''s include: Age Name Epoch Name Millions of Years BC Precambrian Achean 4500 to 2500 Proterozoic 2500 - 540 Paleozoic Cambrian 540 - 500 Ordovician 500 - 435 Silurian 435 - 410 Devonian 410 - 355 Carboniferous 355 - 295 Permian 295 - 250 Mesozoic Triassic 250 - 203 Jurassic 203 - 135 Cretaceous 135 - 65 Cenozoic Paleocene 65 - 53 Eocene 65 - 33.7 Oligocene 33.7 - 23.5 Miocene 23.5 - 5.3 Pliocene 5.3 - 1.75 Quaternary 1.75 - Present Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geological era' in WordNet: 1. era, geological era - (a major division of geological time; an era is usually divided into two or more periods)
Super-classes	GeologicalTimePeriod^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Geology^c hasProperPart^op only GeologicalEpoch^c hasTopic^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

GeologicalEpoch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeologicalEpoch`
Description	This 'GeologicalEpoch' is interpreted as the 'Epoch' that is a subdivision of ''GeologicalAge''. The Epochs include: Age Name Epoch Name Millions of Years BC Precambrian Achean 4500 to 2500 Proterozoic 2500 - 540 Paleozoic Cambrian 540 - 500 Ordovician 500 - 435 Silurian 435 - 410 Devonian 410 - 355 Carboniferous 355 - 295 Permian 295 - 250 Mesozoic Triassic 250 - 203 Jurassic 203 - 135 Cretaceous 135 - 65 Cenozoic Paleocene 65 - 53 Eocene 65 - 33.7 Oligocene 33.7 - 23.5 Miocene 23.5 - 5.3 Pliocene 5.3 - 1.75 Quaternary 1.75 - Present Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'epoch' in WordNet: 3. epoch - (a unit of geological time)
Super-classes	GeologicalTimePeriod^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op only GeologicalAge^c

GeologicalFault^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeologicalFault

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geological fault' in WordNet:
          1. fault, faulting, geological fault, shift, fracture, break - 
             ((geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement 
             of one side with respect to the other; 'they built it right over a geological fault'; 
             'he studied the faulting of the earth's crust')

Super-classes Crevice^c

GeologicalPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeologicalPhenomenon`
Description	A ''GeologicalPhenomenon'' is any ''NaturalPhenomenon'' that is due to geological proceses, i.e. movement of material on the Earth's surface or interior that causes a change in the Earth itself, without intervention of an Organism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geological phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. geological phenomenon - (a natural phenomenon involving the structure or composition of the earth)`
Super-classes	NaturalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Geology^c hadObjectModified^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c
Sub-classes	Sedimentation^c Erosion^c

GeologicalReservoir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeologicalReservoir`
Description	A GeologicalReservoir is an underground formation in solid earth that contains some fluid material that may be extracted. The most common fluids are water, petroleum, and natural gas. The fluids are usually contained in the pores in a porous rock formation. The reservoir that contains ground water may not be under pressure, and a water well will often need some means of raising the water from its level to the surface. `NOTE that a GeologicalReservoir is often accessed by digging a Well. The Well is not itself a StorageEntity; it is a means of extracting materials from the GeologicalReservoir. There is no exact WordNet equivalent to this concept; the WordNet 'store, storehouse' captures only a small part of all the possible subtypes.`
Super-classes	StorageEntity^c UsefulSource^c
Sub-classes	PetroleumReservoir^c

GeologicalTimePeriod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeologicalTimePeriod`
Description	Each CYC 'GeologicalPeriod' is a divison of a
Super-classes	Era^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Geology^c
Sub-classes	GeologicalEpoch^c GeologicalAge^c

Geologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geologist`
Description	A scientist trained in Geology. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geologist' in WordNet: 1. (2) geologist - (a specialist in geology)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Geology^c

Geology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geology`
Description	''Geology'' is an ''EarthScience'' that deals with the history of the earth and how it affects the composition and shape of things on the surface of the Earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geology' in WordNet: 1. (1) geology - (a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks)`
Super-classes	EarthScience^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c

Geometric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geometric

Description

''Statistical'' pertains to any aspect of ''Geometry'' or to a ''GeometricFigure''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'geometric' in Wordnet:
          2. (2) geometric, geometrical - (of or relating to or determined by geometry)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GeometricFigure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeometricFigure`
Description	An instance of #$GeometricShapeType and a specialization of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible and #$HomogeneousExtendedSpaceRegion (qq.v.). This is the collection of geometrical figures, conceived of as bounded (one- or higher-dimensional) regions of space. Neither a single point (see #$GeometricalPoint), nor a sum of scattered points, is an instance of #$Figure-Geometrical. Note that this collection includes line segments, but not unbounded lines. An important specialization of this collection is #$PlaneFigure-Geometrical. The class of all geometric figures, i.e. the class of all abstract, spatial representations. Instance of GeometricFigure are abstract mathematical objects which can be considered as independent of anything in our material universe. They are therefore not MentalObjects, which must be created by people. The instances of this class are GeometricPoints, TwoDimensionalFigures or ThreeDimensionalFigures or any other Object that can be represented as being a distribution of points, lines, planes, volumes, or hypervolumes in some abstract space. This includes sense 6 of 'figure' in WordNet: 6. (8) figure - (a combination of points and lines and planes that form a visible palpable shape)
Super-classes	MathematicalObject^c GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible^c VisualPattern^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Geometric^c
Sub-classes	ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c PlaneFigure-Geometrical^c ConvexHull^c

GeometricShapeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeometricShapeType`
Description	''GeometricShapeType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for shape attributes and an argument restriction for the hasShape relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations. CYC note: CYC has 'ThreeDimensionalShapeType', a subtype of 'GeometricShapeType', not used in COSMO: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$GeometricShapeType (q.v.). Each instance of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType is a specialization of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (q.v.) all of whose own instances have something in common as regards their shape. Instances include the collections #$Cylinder and #$Cube. ''GeometricShapeType'' was added in rev 1169 to help represent an ''Arc'', as it appears to be potentially useful as a type for gometric figures that have distinctive shapes. However, instances of SphapeType in COSMO have all been AttributeValues, and other distinctively shaped objects are related to objects having those shapes by the relation 'hasTheShapeOfa'; this provides potential for confusion. The new usage does not change the older, but will be for this type to represent objects with ditinctive shapes, and those types that are instance of this ''GeometricShapeType'' metatype may be used with shape relations as well as the ''hasTheShapeOfa''.
Super-classes	ShapeType^c
Sub-classes	TwoDimensionalShapeType^c
Members	SquarishRectangle Pentagon Quadrilateral Cube EquilateralPolygon Wedge Semicircle Sphere Arc SectorShapedObject Parallelepiped RegularPolygon Trapezoid Torus Square Hexagon Prism Hemisphere Heptagon LightPath Oblong Circle Decagon Octagon Rhombus Triangle Pyramid RectangularParallelepiped DiamondShape EquiangularPolygon LongOblong Parallelogram

GeometricThing-Localized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeometricThing-Localized`
Description	A specialization of both #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible and #$SpatialThing-Localized (qq.v.). This is the collection of all intangible objects (i.e. objects not composed of or encoded in matter) that both (i) have some location or position in the physical universe and (ii) are characterizable in (relatively simple) geometric terms. Examples include the center of mass of the solar system at the first instant of the 20th Century (a point), the Earth's equator (a circle), and the region of space occupied by the Sun at this moment (a sphere). Specializations of #$GeometricThing-Localized include #$GeographicalArea-Intangible and any collection in the range of #$LocalizedFn (q.v.). Cf. #$GeometricThing-Abstract.
Super-classes	GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible^c SpatialThing-Localized^c
Sub-classes	GeographicalLine-Intangible^c GeographicalArea-Intangible^c

Geometrical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geometrical

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'geometrical' in Wordnet:
         2. geometric, geometrical - (characterized by simple geometric forms in design and decoration;
            'a buffalo hide painted with red and black geometric designs')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GeometricalPattern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeometricalPattern`
Description	A ''GeometricalPattern'' is a ''PhysicalDesign'' (markings on a surface) that is ''Geometrical'', i.e. prominently including distinguishable parts resembling identifiable ''PlaneFigure-Geometrical''s. `NOTE: to be more detailed, one might represent one ''Mark'' that resembles a ''PlaneFigure-Geometrical'', e.g. 'GeometricalMark'. @ToDo`
Super-classes	PhysicalDesign^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Geometrical^c hasPart^op value PlaneFigure-Geometrical^c

GeometricalPoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeometricalPoint`
Description	A specialization of #$ZeroDimensionalThing and #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible (qq.v.). The collection of one-piece zero-dimensional geometrical objects. Instances of #$GeometricalPoint have neither length, breadth, nor thickness; they might or might not move over time. Important specializations of #$GeometricalPoint include #$SpacePoint (whose instances have fixed locations with respect to some coordinate system) and its specialization #$SpacePoint-Empirical (whose instance have fixed locations in the empirically-observable universe). Thus the center of the solar system, considered diachronically, is a #$GeometricalPoint but not a #$SpacePoint. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'point' in WordNet: 1. (51) point - (a geometric element that has position but no extension; 'a point is defined by its coordinates')`
Super-classes	GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible^c ZeroDimensionalThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value PointLike^c

GeometricallyDescribableThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeometricallyDescribableThing`
Description	A subcollection of #$SpatialThing. Each instance of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing is a spatially-connected spatial thing (of 0, 1, 2, or 3 dimensions) that either (i) has or approximates a simple geometric shape (e.g. it is a #$Line or a #$Hemisphere) or (ii) consists of a number of (connected) parts in a relatively stable geometric configuration, where each such part has or approximates a simple geometric shape (e.g. a table consisting of a 3-D-disc-shaped top and four cylindrical legs). A #$GeometricallyDescribableThing might be tangible (see #$PhysicalObject) or intangible (see #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible). Note that what counts as approximating a given simple geometric shape -- and thus what spatial things count as #$GeometricallyDescribableThings - varies with context. In a context that was so fine-grained shape-wise that even the shapes of the individual molecules on the surface of an object were considered relevant to the object's shape, perhaps nearly every (connected, solid) tangible object would be geometrically-describable. In more everyday contexts, on the other hand, an unopened can of soup would be geometrically-describable (as a cylinder), while a telephone or an animal's body would probably not.
Super-classes	SpatialThing^c
Sub-classes	Boundary^c RoundObject^c CircularObject^c Curve^c Line-Generic^c TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible^c ZeroDimensionalThing^c Undulation^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c Angle^c Line^c OneDimensionalGeometricThing^c

GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible`
Description	A specialization of both #$GeometricallyDescribableThing and #$IntangibleIndividual (qq.v.). This is the collection of all intangible, geometrically-describable things, whether spatially localized or not. #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible is the intersection (see #$collectionIntersection) of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing and #$Intangible. Examples include any spatially-connected, intangible thing that has or approximates (or which consists entirely of parts that all have or approximate) a simple geometric shape, such as the intangible space determined by a particular Egyptian pyramid, an abstract Platonic sphere, or the center of mass of the solar system (a point) at the first instant of the Twentieth Century in Greenwich, England. Important specializations of this collection are #$GeometricThing-Localized (which includes all spatially localized instances) and #$GeometricThing-Abstract (which includes all instances not spatially located in the empirically-observable universe)
Super-classes	AbstractObject^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c IntangibleIndividual^c
Sub-classes	GeometricalPoint^c GeometricFigure^c Surface-Intangible^c GeometricThing-Localized^c

Geometry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geometry`
Description	''Geometry'' is a branch of ''Mathematics''concerning itself with shapes and their parts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geometry' in WordNet: 1. (3) geometry - (the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c Methodology^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value GeometricallyDescribableThing^c isaBranchOf^op value Mathematics^c

Geopolitical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geopolitical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'geopolitical' in Wordnet: 1. geopolitical - (of or relating to geopolitics)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c Political^c

GeopoliticalEntity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeopoliticalEntity`
Description	COSMO: A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO differs from its representation in other ontologies, to stay closer to the linguistic intuitions. Specifically, we say 'government of France', implying that the entity 'France' is not identical to its government. To conform to those intuitions, 'France' and other countries will be GeopoliticalEntities. Therefore a GeopoliticalEntity is something distinct from the organization which forms the government. In COSMO, it is an unusual hybrid, being both a MentalObject and a GenericLocation. It is neither a PhysicalObject nor an Organization, but it is an ''IntelligentAgent'', and can be the Agent of an Action that is performed either by the government, or by a majority of its people. The Government of a GeopoliticalEntity is an Organization. NMOTE: Although a 'GeopoliticalEntity' is a MentalObject, it may be referred to as a location, in place of the actual Area controlled by the entity, which can be (and is in some cases) represented as an Area. Thus there may be some references to a 'GeopoliticalEntity' instead of its area, as in relative size - but though this is not logically precise, it does not create contradictions since 'LocationType' is not disjoint with most other things. This is allowed to reduce the need to distinguish areas and jurisdictions, as that distinction is very blurred in ordinary language. A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government or other ruling organization, which is also an agent (4) is a MentalObject, meaning that it does not have mass and was created by an IntelligentAgent NOTE1: As a GenericLocation, one can say that something isLocatedAt a GeopoliticalEntity even though one means that an object isLocatedAt the region controlled by the GeopoliticalEntity. When an instance of a GeopoliticalEntity is used as an argument that should logically take a region, the implementation should, for consistency, coerce the argument into the corresponding ''GeopoliticalRegion''. At present (v0.48) there is no 'disjoint' relation that will cause a logical contradiction, but elaboration of the ontology might cause problems at some point for the use of an Agent as a Location. Alternatives may be worth exploring. NOTE2: if the government performs an action, it is unclear whether it is alway proper to say that a country (or city) performed that action. Therefore the GeopoliticalEntity and its government are treated as distinct agents, though it will probably be true in almost all cases that when one acts, the other can be said to act. NOTE3 that countries have five aspects: (1) the country itself, the GeopoliticalEntity (2) the government of the country (3) the spatial region controlled by the counry (''GeopoliticalRegion'') (4) the physical objects within the spatial region controlled by the country. (4.1) among the physical objects are those that are part of the land, including the vegetation, and those that are animals or artifactual structures. (5) relations between and activities involving Groups of ''GeopoliticalEntity''s; 'geopolitical relations'. In normal speech, the distinctions among these are not made because the referents are clear from the context. For this ontology, the distinctions appear necessary. A GeopoliticalEntity usually has an Organization that claims control over the geographical region identified as the area of the GeopoliticalEntity. Usually this will be a government, but occasionally other Organizations such as occupying armies will claim control without claiming to be a formal government. This concept differs from the OpenCyc #$GeopoliticalEntity in that it is strictly an organization, whereas the Cyc concept includes some element of the geographical region itself. The Cyc documentation is reproduced here to clarify the difference: Cyc: A specialization of #$Organization and of #$LegalAgent and of #$GeographicalAgent; instances of this collection control #$GeographicalRegions. Each instance of #$GeopoliticalEntity includes a governing body, but is more than just that governing body. Important subcollections include #$Country, #$IndependentCountry, #$State-Geopolitical, #$City, and #$Province. Instances include #$CityOfTokyoJapan, #$BronxNY-Borough, #$Alaska-State, #$Rwanda, #$Singapore, #$InnerMongolia, #$Somerset-CountyEngland, and #$Taiwan-RepublicOfChina. A central feature of this collection is that geopolitical-entities (indeed, all #$GeographicalAgents) are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a physical geography microtheory (i.e. #$PhysicalGeographyMt and its submicrotheories), geopolitical-entities are clearly distinguished from the regions they control. (#$TerritoryFn GEO-POL) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (a #$GeopoliticalRegion) of a given geopolitical-entity GEO-POL. In a dualist geography microtheory (i.e. #$DualistGeopoliticalMt and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geopolitical-entities are viewed as being _both_ agents _and_ land masses (i.e. #$GeographicalRegions). Thus, there is little need for #$TerritoryFn in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geopolitical entities and regions more closely than do the stricter physicalist microtheories.) There are also some generic geography microtheories (e.g. #$WorldGeographyMt and #$UnitedStatesGeographyMt) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note for this constant.
Super-classes	MentalObject^c IntelligentAgent^c GenericLocation^c GovernmentalAuthority^c Government^c GeographicalAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Geopolitical^c claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory^op only (GeopoliticalRegion^c or GeographicalArea^c) hasAuthorityOver^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericTerritoryInhabitants^c
Sub-classes	Enclave^c County^c District^c Empire^c ElectoralDistrict^c Jurisdiction^c Colony^c GroupOfNations^c Territory^c StateOrProvince^c ParliamentaryGovernment^c Country^c SchoolDistrict^c ColonialPower^c Borough^c Prefecture^c Shire^c Municipality^c
In domain of	isaPrimarySubdivisionOf^op hasPostalAbbreviation^dp claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory^op hasGovernment^op
In range of	isaClaimedTerritoryOf^op isTheCapitalCityOf^op areCitizensOf^op isaPrimarySubdivisionOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomeGeopoliticalEntity

GeopoliticalRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeopoliticalRegion`
Description	COSMO Note: a ''GeopoliticalRegion'' is the spatial Region containing the physical portion of earth controlled by a Geopolitical agent (the government of a country or subdivision). It is not a physical object, but contains all objects on or near the earth's surface, so that an object 'locatedAt' any region will also be 'locatedAt' any larger region containing] the first region. `SUMO: Any GeographicArea which is associated with some sort of political structure. This class includes Lands, Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity of a ''GeopoliticalRegion'' may remain constant after a change in borders. Most closely aproximates noun sense 3 of 'territory' in Wordnet: 3. territory, soil - (the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state; 'American troops were stationed on Japanese soil')`
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c
Sub-classes	CountryRegion^c CountyRegion^c EmpireRegion^c Upstate^c ColonyRegion^c CityRegion^c AdministrativeDistrictRegion^c StateRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParisRegion

Geopolitics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geopolitics`
Description	''Geopolitics'' is of activities, methods, and tactics involved in relations between ''Country''s. `NOTE: i WN this is a 'discipline', a subtype of 'social science', but in COSMO, like ''Politics'', this is the actual Actions involved in actions and negotiations and policy decisions, in this case between ''Country''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geopolitics' in WordNet: 1. geopolitics - (the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state)`
Super-classes	SociabilityBasedAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Geopolitical^c

Georgian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Georgian

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'Georgian' in Wordnet:
          2. Georgian - (of or relating to or characteristic of the Asian republic of Georgia 
              or its people or language; 'the Georgian capital is Tbilisi'; 
              'Georgian farmers'; 'Georgian vowels')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Georgian-US^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Georgian-US

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'Georgian' in Wordnet:
          3. Georgian - (of or relating to or characteristic of the 
              American state of Georgia or its inhabitants; 'the Georgian state capital 
              is Atlanta'; 'Georgian peach farmers')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GeorgianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeorgianPerson`
Description	`'Joseph Stalin was a Georgian'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Georgian' in WordNet: 2. Georgian - (a native or inhabitant of Georgia in Asia)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Georgia^c

GeorgianPerson-US^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeorgianPerson-US`
Description	`'Jimmy Carter is a Georgian' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Georgian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Georgian - (a native or resident of the American state of Georgia)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfGeorgia^c

GeothermalPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeothermalPower`
Description
Super-classes	ThermalEnergy^c

Geranium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geranium`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geranium' in WordNet: 1. geranium - (any of numerous plants of the family Geraniaceae)`
Super-classes	GeraniumOrder^c HerbPlant^c

GeraniumOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeraniumOrder`
Description	vascular plant, tracheophyte
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Geranium^c

Gerbil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gerbil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gerbil' in WordNet: 1. gerbil, gerbille - (small Old World burrowing desert rodent with long soft pale fur and hind legs adapted for leaping)`
Super-classes	Rodent^c Species^c DomesticPet^c

Germ^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Germ`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'germ' in WordNet: 2. germ - (a small apparently simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism)`
Super-classes	AnatomicalStructure^c

GermOfAnIdea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GermOfAnIdea`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'germ' in WordNet: 1. (1) source, seed, germ - (anything that provides inspiration for later work)`
Super-classes	Concept^c
Restrictions	causes^op value InspiringSomeone^c

German^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#German

Description

''German'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Germany'' or a ''GermanPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'German' in WordNet:
         1. (11) German - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of Germany 
         or its people or language; 'German philosophers'; 'German universities'; 'German literature')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GermanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GermanPerson`
Description	This is the collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Germany, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'German' in WordNet: 1. (7) German - (a person of German nationality)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Germany^c

Germanium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Germanium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Germanium .

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'germanium' in WordNet:
          1. (3) germanium, Ge, atomic number 32 - 
            (a brittle grey crystalline element that is 
            a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors;
            occurs in germanite and argyrodite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Germinating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Germinating`
Description	''Germinating'' is the initial phase of growth of some plant or plant part. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'germinate' in WordNet: 1. (2) shoot, spud, germinate, pullulate, bourgeon, burgeon forth, sprout - (produce buds, branches, or germinate; 'the potatoes sprouted')`
Super-classes	GrowingEvent^c BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Sprout^c or Plant^c or PlantPart^c or PlantType^c or PlantPartType^c)

Gesso^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gesso`
Description	This might be considered a quantity of substance on a specific surface, but the usage suggests that it is viewed as the substance rather than as the object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gesso' in WordNet: 1. gesso - (gypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared))`
Super-classes	Gypsum^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAtOrOn^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c

Gestation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gestation`
Description	Biological process in which a Vertebrate progresses from a fertilized ovum (or Egg) to birth as a free-living organism. This applies to vertebrates, but for invertebrates a different path of development from the ovum requires a separate set of types and stages. This is the event of ''Pregnancy'' from the point of view of the developing Fetus. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'gestation' (the action, not the time period) in WordNet: 1. gestation, gestation period - (the period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans))`
Super-classes	GrowingEvent^c BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value GestationPeriod^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Uterus^c or Egg^c or Fetus^c or Embryo^c or EmbryoOrFetus^c or OrganismType^c) hasEndingSubEvent^op value BirthEvent^c occursAt^op some (Uterus^c or Egg^c or Fetus^c or Embryo^c or EmbryoOrFetus^c or OrganismType^c) subjectBecomes^op value FreeLiving^c

GestationPeriod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GestationPeriod`
Description	''GestationPeriod'' is the LifeStage (a 'RelativeTime' interval) that a Mammal is in while it is in the Womb and prior to its ''BirthEvent'''. Although the term 'gestation' is used as a synonym for 'pregnancy', this concept is the ''GestationPeriod'' from the point of view of the Fetus, as is the Event of ''Gestation'' `See also ''Gestation'' for the actual ''Action'' of development of the fetus. This is the TimeInterval. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'gestation' (the time period) in WordNet: 1. gestation, gestation period - (the period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans))`
Super-classes	LifeStage^c TermOfAnActivity^c
Restrictions	hasEndingSubEvent^op value BirthEvent^c co-occurredWith^op value Pregnancy^c hasTemporalPart^op value Midterm^c hadMainParticipant^op value Fetus^c hasEvent^op value Pregnancy^c

Gesture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gesture`
Description	This is a ''Configuration'' of body parts. In COSMO, this is a Group of viewable objects. This differs from CYC usage. This is created by a ''MakingaGesture'' Action, which may create one or more distinguishable ''Configurations''. NOTE: the words ad synsets here are the same as for the 'Action' of making a gesture. @@ToDO: needs to be reorganized. CYC: A specialization of #$VisualInformationBearingThing. Each instance of #$Gesture is a configuration of body parts (usually animal body parts) that has some meaning to an observer with an understanding (whether explicit or instinctive) of the interpretive convention. A gesture may include some tool or prop. #$Gestures may be fleeting (e.g., a hello wave) or may last a long time (e.g., the gesture embodied in the #$StatueOfLiberty ). Note that, as defined in #$Cyc, a gesture is a meaningful configuration of body parts, NOT the #$Actions producing the arrangement. For representation of the actions, see #$MakingAGesture. NOTE that the WN sense of 'gesture indicate motions, whereas this is a Configuration of body parts. For the act of gesturing, use ''MakingAGesture''. The closest senses are noun senses 1 and 2 of 'gesture' in Wordnet: 1. (20) gesture - (motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling) 2. (4) gesture, motion - (the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals)
Super-classes	VisualInformationBearingThing^c Signal^c Configuration^c
Sub-classes	PrayingHandsGesture^c SignLanguageGesture^c Shrugging^c Facepalm^c FarewellGesture^c SymbolicGesture^c FacialExpression^c Shrug^c

GesturingWithTheHands^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GesturingWithTheHands`
Description	''GesturingWithTheHands'' is a ''MakingAGesture'' that uses one or both ''Hand's.
Super-classes	MakingAGesture^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Hand^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	ShakingHands^c Namaste^c SignLanguageGesturing^c HighFives^c Applauding-Clapping^c

Gesundheit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gesundheit

Description

An 'interjection'. or 'Exclamation'?

   Used Similarly to 'God bless you'' when a Person sneezes - in German,
      means ''Health!''.  (I wish you good health)

   RHW 'Gesundheit':  (used to wish good health, esp. to a person who has just sneezed.)

Super-classes Interjection^c

GetTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GetTogether`
Description	`Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'get together' in WordNet: 3. (46) meeting, get together - (a small informal social gathering; 'there was an informal meeting in my living room')`
Super-classes	Meeting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informal^c

Getaway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Getaway`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'getaway' in WordNet: 2. getaway, lam - (a rapid escape (as by criminals); 'the thieves made a clean getaway'; 'after the expose he had to take it on the lam')`
Super-classes	EludingCapture^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

GettingAnAnswer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingAnAnswer`
Description	Each ''GettingAnAnswer'' is a type of ''ReceivingInformation'' specifically caused by one party ''Answering'' a question posed by the one receiving the answer. This is not for 'getting an answer' by doing 'research' (library, laboratory, or field).
Super-classes	ReceivingInformation^c Communication^c
Restrictions	mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op some (Asking^c or ActionType^c or Answering^c or ActionType^c) isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some (Asking^c or ActionType^c or Answering^c or ActionType^c)

GettingAnInjection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingAnInjection`
Description	''GettingAnInjection'' is a form of ''BiologicalIntakeEvent'' that is caused by ''Injecting'' rather than any other method of transferring materials to the inside of the body. This is the intransitive sense used to help distinguish various forms of taking materials into the body, and to relate ''InjectingOrInfusing'' from other pathways,especially from oral ingestion.
Super-classes	BiologicalIntakeEvent^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value InjectingOrInfusing^c

GettingBetter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingBetter`
Description	''GettingBetter'' is the intransitive Event in which something gets 'better' (improves) in some respect, for the benefit of some Agent who is affected by the Event. `Corresponds to intransitive verb sense 2 of 'improve' in WordNet: 2. (12) better, improve, ameliorate, meliorate - (get better; 'The weather improved toward evening')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value ImprovementEvent^c improves^op some owl:Thing^c

GettingEngaged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingEngaged`
Description	''GettingEngaged'' is an ''AgreeingAction'' in which the thing agreed on is a ''Marrying'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'betrothal' in WordNet: 2. betrothal, espousal - (the act of becoming betrothed or engaged) WN But the verb 'engage' in WordNet is also used as a transitive verb: 5. (1) betroth, engage, affiance, plight - (give to in marriage)`
Super-classes	MakingAnAgreement^c
Restrictions	initiatesState^op value BeingEngaged^c produced^op value Engagement^c

GettingEven^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingEven`
Description	''GettingEven'' is a ''Responding'' with intention to 'even a score' with some agent that one believes has gotten some advantage on oneself. The response may be any kind of getting even, including in games or sports. For revenge, see subtype 'Revenge'' `The WN 'getting even' suggests a 'group action', but this type includes individuals or groups as the agent performing this. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'get even' in WordNet: 2. get even, get back - (take revenge or even out a score; 'I cannot accept the defeat-I want to get even') WN noun 'getting even': 1. return, paying back, getting even - (a reciprocal group action; 'in return we gave them as good as we got')`
Super-classes	Responding^c
Sub-classes	Retaliating^c

GettingHotter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingHotter`
Description	''GettingHotter'' is an intransitive ''BecomingEvent'' in which some Object or Substance increases its temperature, whether from external or internal causes. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'heat up' in WordNet: 1. (2) heat, hot up, heat up - (gain heat or get hot; 'The room heated up quickly')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c HeatingProcess^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	heats^op some owl:Thing^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Hotter^c mayBeCausedBy^op value HeatingSomething^c

GettingOutOfBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingOutOfBed`
Description	''GettingOutOfBed'' is an Action in which a Person who has been in bed gets out of bed and stands up.. 1331 Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'get up' in WordNet: 2. (6) get up, turn out, arise, uprise, rise - (get up and out of bed; 'I get up at 7 A.M. every day'; 'They rose early'; 'He uprose at night')
Super-classes	Action^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value Morning^c occursBefore^op value StandingUp^c hasPrecondition^op value BeingAwake^c

GettingRidOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingRidOfSomething`
Description	''GettingRidOfSomething'' is an Action in which something ''Unwanted'' is removed or (if an Action) stopped. 'get rid of the noise'; `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'riddance' in WordNet: 1. elimination, riddance - (the act of removing or getting rid of something) WN verb 'get rid of': 2. (3) eliminate, get rid of, do away with - (terminate or take out; 'Let's eliminate the course on Akkadian hieroglyphics')`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Burden^c

GettingSick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingSick`
Description	''GettingSick'' is the Action (usually passive) in which some ''Animal'' becomes ill (acquires an ''AilmentCondition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sicken' in WordNet: 2. (1) sicken, come down - (get sick; 'She fell sick last Friday, and now she is in the hospital')`
Super-classes	Development^c WorseningEvent^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op some AilmentType^c causes^op some AilmentType^c
Sub-classes	Relapsing^c OrganismCollapse^c CatchingAnInfectiousDisease^c

GettingSoeonesAttention^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingSoeonesAttention`
Description	''GettingSoeonesAttention'' is an act of ''Communication'', whether in speech or through some vsible action, that causes or is intended to cause another Person (or animal) to perform a ''PayingAttention'' Action. `No WN synset can be found with this meaning.`
Super-classes	InfluencingAnAgent^c Communication^c
Restrictions	causes^op value PayingAttention^c hasDirectObject^op value IntelligentAgent^c

GettingWet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingWet`
Description	''GettingWet'' is an Event in which some SolidObject becomes ''Wet'', whether by an intentional ''Wetting'' Action or by some accicental or naturalprocess (such as being exposed to the Rain or other moving Water. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wet' in WordNet: 1. (4) wet - (cause to become wet; 'Wet your face')`
Super-classes	ImpartingAnAttribute^c Event^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Wet^c caused^op value BeingWet^c

GettingaFeeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingaFeeling`
Description	''GettingaFeeling'' is the Action of 'Acquiring' some feeling - satisfaction, pleasure, `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'derive' and sense 1 of 'get' in WordNet: 2. (11) derive, gain - (obtain; "derive pleasure from one's garden")`
Super-classes	Development^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op some FeelingType^c mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op some owl:Thing^c

GettingaRide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GettingaRide`
Description	Each 'GettingaRide' is a 'RidingAsAPassenger' in an automobile or other land motor vehicle (even a truck or motorcycle) in which the driver and passenger are not making the same trip together as a joint action, but in which the passenger is being transported as a side-effort of the driver's own activities (not in a vehicle for hire, as a taxicab). This is a representation of the phrase 'getting a lift', as one does from a friend who is doing it as a favor, or as a hitch-hiker. Usage: 'I got a ride to the airport with a co-worker'; 'My sister gave me a lift to the party'. `Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'lift' and part of sense 1 of 'ride' in WordNet: 11. lift - (a ride in a car; 'he gave me a lift home') WN noun 'ride': 1. (6) drive, ride - (a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile); 'he took the family for a drive in his new car')`
Super-classes	RidingAsAPassenger^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value LandTransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Hitchhiking^c

Geyser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Geyser`
Description	A spring which periodically emits steam and hot water. The water has been heated to boiling underground by lava, and is then forced up through the hole in the ground. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geyser' in WordNet: 1. geyser - (a spring that discharges hot water and steam)`
Super-classes	HotSpring^c
Restrictions	emits^op value JetOfSteamAndWater^c

Ghetto^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ghetto`
Description	This type is for a generic 'ghetto' that is not necessarily created by legal restrictions. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'ghetto' in WordNet: 3. ghetto - (a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions)`
Super-classes	CityArea^c
Sub-classes	JewishGhetto^c

Ghost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ghost`
Description	A 'Ghost' is the 'Soul' of a dead person, whether visible or not. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'ghost' in WordNet: 3. ghost - (the visible disembodied soul of a dead person)`
Super-classes	Soul^c
Restrictions	hasRepresentation^op value Apparition^c

Ghostly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ghostly`
Description	''Ghostly'' pertains to a ''Ghost'' or ''Phantom'' or things like noises or Events that suggest the presence of ''Ghost''s. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ghostly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) apparitional, ghostlike, ghostly, phantasmal, spectral, spiritual - (resembling or characteristic of a phantom; 'a ghostly face at the window'; 'a phantasmal presence in the room'; 'spectral emanations'; 'spiritual tappings at a seance')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Spooky^c

Giant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Giant

Description

A ''Giant'' is a Person of exeptionally large size.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giant' in WordNet:
          4. giant, hulk, heavyweight, whale - (a very large person; impressive in size or qualities)
     :

Super-classes GiantAnimal^c
Person^c

GiantAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GiantAnimal`
Description	A ''GiantAnimal'' is an animal of exeptionally large size. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giant' in WordNet: 1. (6) giant - (any creature of exceptional size) :`
Super-classes	Animal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VeryLarge^c
Sub-classes	Giant^c Behemoth^c

Gibberish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gibberish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gibberish' in WordNet: 1. gibberish, gibber - (unintelligible talking)`
Super-classes	Nonsense^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintelligible^c

Gibbon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gibbon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gibbon' in WordNet: 2. gibbon, Hylobates lar - (smallest and most perfectly anthropoid arboreal ape having long arms and no tail; of southern Asia and East Indies)`
Super-classes	WildAnimal^c AnthropoidApe^c

Gibbous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gibbous

Description

This type takes the more general sense from RHW: 1. Astron. (of a heavenly body) convex at both edges, as the moon when more than half full. See diag. under moon.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'gibbous' in Wordnet:
         2. gibbous, gibbose - ((used of the moon) more than half full)

Super-classes Convex^c

Gift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gift`
Description	COSMO note: a Gift can be intangible such as a right, so it is not always a PhysicalObject; for Gifts that are PhysicalObjects given to individuals, use 'Present'. Every Gift is a thing given in some 'GivingaGift' event. A gift of an Event is considered in COSMO as a gift of a Right to participate in the Event. A 'Gift' in COSMO is any instance of a heterogeneous group of things. It could be an Object, a quantity of Money, or a gift of labor, donated to an individual person or to a good cause. Things do not change their essential nature if they are given freely for any purpose, therefore a Gift is considered as a Role. It is unclear how long that Role would last - is something always a Gift, once it is given as such? We hear the phrase 'it was a gift', suggesting that the gift role dissipates some time.after the giving occasion. Not completely resolved. NOTE that in COSMO a 'Prize' (something given as a result of a competition) is not a subtype of 'Gift', nor vice-versa. `Cyc: The collection of all #$SomethingExistings that are #$objectGiven in a #$GiftGiving event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gift' in WordNet: 1. (8) gift - (something acquired without compensation)`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c Role^c SomethingGiven^c Object^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Given^c wasTransferredInEvent^op some GivingaGift^c
Sub-classes	GiftOfLand^c Donation^c PartyGift^c EconomicAid^c Inheritance^c Present^c

GiftOfLand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GiftOfLand`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giveaway' in WordNet: 1. (1) giveaway - (a gift of public land or resources for the private gain of a limited group)`
Super-classes	Gift^c LandArea^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Private^c

Gifted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gifted

Description

''Gifted'' is a higher degree of 'Talented',the attribute of someone who has an exceptionally high ability to perform some tasks,which may be mental or physical, and which require more than just physical strength. The term 'gifted' suggests that a substantial part of the talent exhibited was inborn rather than just learned.

  NOTE that in COSMO 'gifted' is considered as a higher level
    of ability than 'talented'
    Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'talented' in WordNet:
      1. talented, gifted - (endowed with talent or talents; 'a gifted writer')

Super-classes Talented^c

Giftedness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Giftedness`
Description	''Giftedness'' is a ''Talent'' which includes an essential part that is 'Innate'' (inborn) rather than just learned. `There are no WN or RHW entries specifically for 'giftedness'.`
Super-classes	Talent^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Gifted^c

Gig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gig`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'gig' in WordNet: 6. gig - (a booking for musicians; 'they played a gig in New Jersey')`
Super-classes	Booking^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c isaSubEventOf^op value MusicAsaProfession^c hadEmployee^op some Musician^c

Gig-Boat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gig-Boat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gig' in WordNet: 1. (1) gig - (long and light rowing boat; especially for racing)`
Super-classes	Rowboat^c

Gigantic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gigantic

Description

''Gigantic'' is a more intensive subtype of ''Huge'' (a subtype of ''Large'') - similar to ''Colossal'' with different usage.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gigantic' in Wordnet:
           1. (9) gigantic, mammoth - (so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth;
              'a gigantic redwood'; 'gigantic disappointment'; 'a mammoth ship'; 
              'a mammoth multinational corporation')

Super-classes Huge^c

Giggle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Giggle`
Description	A ''Giggle'' is the sound produced by somone ''Giggling''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giggle' in WordNet: 1. (1) giggle - (a foolish or nervous laugh)`
Super-classes	Laughter^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Giggling^c

Giggling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Giggling`
Description	''Giggling'' is a ''Mild'' ''Laughing'' that may express nervousness or just mild amusement, including amusement by another Person's making a mistake. Gentle and soft. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'giggle' in WordNet: 1. (4) giggle, titter - (laugh nervously; 'The girls giggled when the rock star came into the classroom')`
Super-classes	Laughing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Giggle^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mild^c

Gill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gill`
Description	CYC: Organ used for breathing under water by fish and some amphibians. This unit refers to the entire assembly, not a single gill slit. ??NOTE: anything other than Fish have gills? `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'gill' in WordNet: 4. gill, branchia - (respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water)`
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Respiration^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Fish^c

Gin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gin`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gin' in WordNet: 1. gin - (strong liquor flavored with juniper berries)`
Super-classes	Distillate^c Liquor^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value JuniperBerry^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Colorless^c

Ginger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ginger`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ginger' in WordNet: 2. ginger, powdered ginger - (dried ground gingerroot)`
Super-classes	Powder^c Spice^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value GingerRoot^c

GingerOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GingerOrder`
Description	An order of plants within the monocot subclass.
Super-classes	MonocotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Canna^c GingerPlant^c

GingerPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GingerPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ginger' in WordNet: 1. ginger - (perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c GingerOrder^c Plant-NonWoody^c

GingerRoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GingerRoot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gingerroot' in WordNet: 1. ginger, gingerroot - (pungent rhizome of the common ginger plant; used fresh as a seasoning especially in Oriental cookery)`
Super-classes	Rhizome^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value GingerPlant^c

GingerbreadCake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GingerbreadCake`
Description	A ''GingerbreadCake' is a ''Cake'' (an Object) in which one of the ingredients is ginger. `. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gingerbread' in WordNet: 1. gingerbread - (cake flavored with ginger)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c Cake^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SweetTasting^c

Gingerly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gingerly

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gingerly' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) gingerly - (with extreme care or delicacy; 'they proceeded 
         with gingerly footwork over the jagged stones'; 'the issue was handled 
         only in a gingerly way'- W.S.White)

Super-classes Careful^c

Gingerlyly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gingerlyly`
Description	The ID is ''Gingerlyly'' to avoid confusion with ''Gingerly'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gingerly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gingerly - (in a gingerly manner; 'gingerly I raised the edge of the blanket')
Super-classes	Carefully^c

Ginkgo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ginkgo

Description

A tree belonging to the species, Ginkgo biloba, which is the only extant species in the class, Ginkgopsida.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ginkgo' in WordNet:
          1. (1) ginkgo, gingko, maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba - 
             (deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves 
             and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively 
             in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree)

Super-classes DeciduousPlant^c
Tree^c

Ginseng^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ginseng

Description

This is the HerbPlant.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ginseng' in WordNet:
         2. ginseng, nin-sin, Panax ginseng, Panax schinseng, Panax pseudoginseng -
           (Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small 
           greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers)

Super-classes HerbPlant^c
Plant-NonWoody^c

GinsengRootPowder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GinsengRootPowder`
Description	A '''GinsengRootPowder'' is the powdered root of the ''Ginseng'' plant, considered to have medicinal properties. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ginseng' in WordNet: 1. ginseng - (aromatic root of ginseng plants)`
Super-classes	Powder^c AgentiveSubstance^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Ginseng^c

Giraffe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Giraffe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giraffe' in Wordnet: 1. giraffe, camelopard, Giraffa camelopardalis - (tallest living quadruped; having a spotted coat and small horns and very long neck and legs; of savannahs of tropical Africa)`
Super-classes	Ruminant^c HoofedMammal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spotted^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tall^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongNecked^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongLegged^c

Girl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Girl`
Description	A Girl is a female HumanYouth - a female human under 18 years of age. `Includes senses 1 and 2 if 'girl' in WordNet: 1. (80) girl, miss, missy, young lady, young woman, fille - (a young woman; a young lady of 18) 2. (57) female child, girl, little girl - (a youthful female person; the baby was a girl; the girls were just learning to ride a tricycle)`
Super-classes	HumanYouth^c FemalePerson^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_0to18^c
Sub-classes	Maiden^c BrownieScout^c

GirlFriend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GirlFriend`
Description	'A ''GirlFriend'' is a ''FemalePerson'' (usually young) who is a''Friend'' of the same Person (usually male) of whom she is the ''GirlFriend''. This term can apply to persons over age 18 (but not too much over) , so she is not necessarily a COSMO ''Girl''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'girlfriend' in WordNet: 2. (1) girlfriend, girl, lady friend - (a girl or young woman with whom a man is romantically involved;'his girlfriend kicked him out')`
Super-classes	FemalePerson^c Friend^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Friendship^c

GirlScouts^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GirlScouts

Description

A ''Scouts'' organization for young girls.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Girl Scouts' in Wordnet:
          1. Girl Scouts - (an organization of young women and girls founded 
            in 1912 for character development and citizenship training)

Super-classes ScoutingOrganization^c

Girlhood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Girlhood`
Description	''Girlhood'' is the 'Childhood' of a ''Girl'' (a young Female Person). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'girlhood' in WordNet: 1. girlhood, maidenhood, maidhood - (the childhood of a girl)`
Super-classes	Childhood^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Girl^c

Gist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gist

Description

Each 'Gist' is a brief assertion (which can be a Group of Propositions) that contains the most important parts of a larger Assertion, but is smaller than a Summary by at least a factor of two. The most important points of a Proposition may not be able to be compressed into such a smaller form, in which case the larger Proposition may have a Summary, or may be even too small to summarize (as in a simple sentence).

     Corresponds to both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'gist' in WordNet:
       1. effect, essence, burden, core, gist - (the central meaning or 
          theme of a speech or literary work)
       2. kernel, substance, core, center, essence, gist, heart, heart 
           and soul, inwardness, marrow, meat, nub, pith, sum, nitty-gritty -
           (the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea
           or experience; 'the gist of the prosecutor's argument';
           'the heart and soul of the Republican Party'; 'the nub of the story')

Super-classes Summary^c

Given^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Given

Description

''Given'' is an attribute of something that is the object of a 'GivingEvent''. Things that are 'given' are usually labeled by different terms - e.g. a ''Gift''. On thing that si specificaly called 'given' is a 'given name' - distinguished from a 'family name' that is inherited in many cultures.

       See also related relation ''wasTransferredInEvent''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'given' in WordNet:
            2. given - (having possession delivered or transferred without compensation)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

GivenNameString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivenNameString`
Description	A GivenNameString is a NameString that was created as an Identifier for some person, at birth or by some legal process, that is not the family name or surname. In some cultures a person may have only one name, and this name will be the Type to use in that case. In forms 'first name' often means 'GivenNameString'. `A particular GivenNameString may be the GivenName for many people.`
Super-classes	NameString^c
In range of	hasGivenName^op

Giver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Giver`
Description	A ''Giver'' is the ''LegalAgent'' who gives something to another ''LegalAgent'' without requiring anything in return - a 'free gift'. The one receiving the gift is the recipient. A gift to some non-profit organization that has multiple ''Givers'' will be classed as a ''Donation'' given by a ''Donor''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'giver' in WordNet: 2. donor, giver, presenter, bestower, conferrer - (person who makes a gift of property)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GivingaGift^c
Sub-classes	Donor^c Bequeather^c

GivingAnAllowance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingAnAllowance`
Description	The Action of providing an allowance. The reason for the ''Allowance'' can be various, so the restriction requires specifying the reason, but does not limit the type of the reason. `One reason may be the general sense of ''ProvidingMaterialSupport''. Another could be 'reimbursement'`
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some owl:Thing^c hadThingTransferred^op some Allowance^c

GivingBack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingBack`
Description	''GivingBack'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which the motivation for the giving is some prior ''GivingEvent'' in which the donor in the second event is the recipient in the first event; the thing given in return need not be of the same kind or monetary value as the initial thing given, and this need not be returning something borrowed, though it can be. The 'giving' in either direction can be of any ''ValuableThing'' including time, labor, moral support, money, or anything that can cause a feeling of gratitude or obligation. 'returning a favor' is one of many possible scenarios. For a 'giving that is part of an Exchange use ''ReciprocalAction''. This ''GivingBack'' differs from 'ReciprocalAction'' in that the thing given back is essentially the same as that received, such as a borrowed item (Money is fungible, any given quantity is treated as the same thing). Includes verb senses 2, 6, 7, and 10 of 'return' in Wordnet: 2. (16) render, return - (give back; 'render money') 6. (2) return - (return in kind; 'return a compliment'; 'return her love') 7. (2) return - (make a return; 'return a kickback') 10. (1) refund, return, repay, give back - (pay back; 'Please refund me my money')
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op some GivingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Refunding^c

GivingCredit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingCredit`
Description	Each ''GivingCredit'' is an ''AssigningResponsibility'' event in which an Agent asserts that some Agent (which could be the agent speaking) is responsible for causing some good Event to happen. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'credit' in WordNet: 1. (4) credit - (give someone credit for something; 'We credited her for saving our jobs') 2. (3) accredit, credit - (give credit for; 'She was not properly credited in the program')`
Super-classes	AssigningResponsibility^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some CreditSituation^c
Sub-classes	Praising^c

GivingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingEvent`
Description	A GivingEvent is any of a variety of Actions in which an IntelligentAgent gives something physical, to somebody else. losing possession of the thing transferred during the action.. For transfers of abstract things like information or names that are not lost in the process of ginving, use 'GivingSomethingAbstract', 'GeneralizedTransfer' or the more specific 'Providing'. This differs from the more general 'Providing' in that the thing given must be given to an Agent (not, e.g. 'furnishing' a room with decorations), and it must be a PhysicalObject or a PhysicalSubstance (such as Food), or something valuable such as a Right or ownership share, or an award such as an acadeic degree.. For the more abstract 'giving' (names, access, information) use 'Providing'. To qualify as an instance of this type, thing given must be given freely, without expectation of compensation. This type includes 'GivingaPrize', where the thing given is given as a result of the recipient being a winner in a competition (which includes lotteries). @ToDo This sense may be better removed as a subtype and made a sister type? The thing given will tyhpically be a Gift or a Prize, but other things may also be given (as of rev821). For the act of giving a name to something, use 'Naming'. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'give' in RHW: 1. to present voluntarily and without expecting compensation; bestow: to give a birthday present to someone. NOTE that this is intended to cover transfer of physical objects, but to allow representing a transfer of some unspecified quantity of a substance, the transferred item can be a PhysicalSubstance (in instance of SubstanceType). This can represent 'Jack gave mary some candy', allowing an inspecified amount of candy to be represented as the substance 'candy'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'give' and noun sense 3 of 'gift' in WordNet - the part in which a PhysicalObject or ValuableThing is transferred (lessons are not 'transfered', as the original owner does not lose possession).: in WordNet: 3. (97) give - (transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody; 'I gave her my money'; 'can you give me lessons?'; 'She gave the children lots of love and tender loving care') WN 'gift': 3. (2) giving, gift - (the act of giving)
Super-classes	ChangeOfPossession^c Providing^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c or PhysicalObject^c or ValuableThing^c or SubstanceType^c or EnergyType^c or MoneyType^c or ObjectType^c) hadRecipient^op some GenericAgent^c hadGiver^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c or PhysicalObject^c or ValuableThing^c or SubstanceType^c or EnergyType^c or MoneyType^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	TreatingSomeone^c GivingAnAllowance^c PresentingaGiftOrHonor^c DistributingObjects^c FeedingAnOrganism^c ConcedingSomething^c Lending^c GivingaRight^c GivingaPrize^c GivingaPerformanceBonus^c ProvidingComfort^c DispensingMedication^c GivingaGift^c ProvidingMaterialSupport^c GivingBack^c AwardingAnAcademicDegree^c ReciprocalAction^c

GivingSomethingAbstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingSomethingAbstract`
Description	Each 'GivingSomethingAbstract' is a GeneralizedTransfer in which an agent gives something to another agent that is not a PhysicalObject. Examples are Money, academic degrees, other honors, information or donated labor, This is necessarily a''GoodThing'' as the thing given may not be beneficial to the recipient (e.g. 'bad news'). `For acts of giving of Physical things, use 'GivingEvent'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'give' in WordNet - the part in which a PhysicalObject or ValuableThing is transferred (lessons are not 'transfered', as the original owner does not lose possession).: in WordNet: 3. (97) give - (transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody; 'I gave her my money'; 'can you give me lessons?'; 'She gave the children lots of love and tender loving care')`
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op only (AbstractEntity^c or ValuableThing^c or WorkingEvent^c or InformationBearingThing^c or Action^c or ActionType^c or EmittableThingType^c or InformationType^c) hadRecipient^op only GenericAgent^c
Sub-classes	TransferringPossession^c Naming^c InformationTransferEvent^c ContributingSomething^c TransferringOwnership^c

GivingaGift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingaGift`
Description	A GivingEvent in which the thing given is a 'Gift' (rather than a Prize - see 'GivingaPrize'). `Corresponds to a part of verb sense 3 of 'give' in WordNet: 3. (97) give - (transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody; 'I gave her my money'; 'can you give me lessons?'; 'She gave the children lots of love and tender loving care')`
Super-classes	TransferringOwnership^c GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Gift^c
Sub-classes	Donating^c CharitableAction^c Bequeathing^c

GivingaHeadsUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingaHeadsUp`
Description	''GivingaHeadsUp'' is a Communication from some IntelligentAgent (which could be an Organization) that some Event (a ''PossibleFutureSituation'') may occur soon that will require a response from the Person(s) to whom the ''HeadsUp'' is directed. This is broader than the subtype ''WarningAction'' in that the ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that is the Topic of the Communication is not necessarily a ''PossibleFutureDanger''. NOTE that WordNet has this subtype relation inverted, where a 'heads up' is a subtype rather than parent of a 'warning'. Logically, if a ''HeadsUp'' can inform of a non-dangerous situation,it must be a parent, not a subtype. No corresponding WN verb, though the WN noun 'heads up' is close to COSMO element ''HeadsUp''. @ToDo rev1433: this should be restricted to actions of Person(s) as generators of the ''HeadsUp, but but that may conflict with making ''WarningAction'' as a subtype. Some more analysis is needed.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Informing^c CommunicationAct-Single^c
Restrictions	produces^op value HeadsUp^c hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureSituation^c hadThingTransferred^op value HeadsUp^c
Sub-classes	WarningAction^c

GivingaPerformanceBonus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingaPerformanceBonus`
Description	''GivingaPerformanceBonus'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which the thing given is a ''PerformanceBonus'' and the recipient is some ''Employee'', nd the giver is some ''Organization''.
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some Employee^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Organization^c hadThingTransferred^op some PerformanceBonus^c

GivingaPrize^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingaPrize`
Description	A GivingEvent in which the thing given is a 'Prize' (rather than a Gift - see 'GivingaGift'). The Prize is something givenbecause the recipient won some kind of competition (e.g. atheltic competition or a lottery). `Corresponds to a part of verb sense 3 of 'give' and part of sense 1 of 'award' in WordNet in WordNet: 3. (97) give - (transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody; 'I gave her my money'; 'can you give me lessons?'; 'She gave the children lots of love and tender loving care') WN 'award': 1. (7) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation')`
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Prize^c

GivingaReward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingaReward`
Description	Each 'GivingaReward' is a GeneralizedTransfer in which an agent gives something to another agent as a consideration for the receiving agent having performed some Action of value to the giving agent. A reward is usually a ValuableThing or a PhysicalObject, but may be as abstract as some honor, e.g. 'employee of the Month', with no monetary value. A Job may be a reward, so rewards are not limited to Objects. An instance of 'GivingaReward' can be hypothetical or proposed, and such a proposed Event would be the Event referred to in an instance of 'OfferingaReward'. `For acts of giving of Physical things, use 'GivingEvent'. In Cyc called 'Rewarding'. Includes to parts of verb senses 1 and 3 of 'reward' in WordNet: 1. (1) honor, honour, reward - - (bestow honor or rewards upon; 'Today we honor our soldiers'; 'The scout was rewarded for courageous action') 3. reward, repay, pay back - - (act or give recompense in recognition of someone's behavior or actions)`
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some (Object^c or AbstractEntity^c or ValuableThing^c) hadRecipient^op some IntentionalAgent^c

GivingaRight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GivingaRight`
Description	A ''GivingaRight'' is a GivingEvent in which the thing given ''Right'' which is an ''Entitlement'' (a form of permission, which may be legally binding or valid only within some group of people or in some location) to (1) perform some Action without negative consequences (though there are likely negative consequences if done without that permission) or (2) to request and receive something from an Agent over whom the giving Agent has authority (commonly, a Government). `There can be subtle nuances of this act and its consequences,but the single word 'entitle' most closely expresses the most general meaning: Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'entitle' in WordNet: 1. (17) entitle - (give the right to; 'The Freedom of Information Act entitles you to request your FBI file')`
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op some Entitlement^c hadThingTransferred^op some Right^c

Glacier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glacier`
Description	A very slowly moving (practically stationary) thick sheet of ice which expands down a slope or out from the center (see my spec #$Icecap). `This is essentially a river of ice. If it is no longer heavy enough to move, it will no longer qualify - it would be a 'former glacier'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glacier' in WordNet: 1. (1) glacier - (a slowly moving mass of ice)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c LandTopographicalFeature^c Layer^c BodyOfIce^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c

Glad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glad

Description

''Glad'' in the sense of 'glad to help' conveys not only ''Willingness'' but that the thing that someone is 'glad' to do would give that Person pleasure, beause s/he gets satisfaction from helping that person.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'glad' in Wordnet:
           2. (1) glad, happy - (eagerly disposed to act or to be of service; 'glad to help')

Super-classes Happy^c
Willing^c

Gladiola^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gladiola

Description

Flowering plants of the Iris family native in Europe, Africa, and the Medit. area. Widely cultivated for cut flowers.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gladiola' in WordNet:
          1. gladiolus, gladiola, glad, sword lily - 
             (any of numerous plants of the genus Gladiolus native chiefly 
             to tropical and South Africa having sword-shaped leaves 
             and one-sided spikes of brightly colored funnel-shaped flowers;
             widely cultivated)

Super-classes FloweringPlant^c
IrisOrder^c

Gladiolus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gladiolus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gladiolus' in WordNet: 2. gladiolus, corpus sternum - (the large central part of the breastbone)`
Super-classes	BoneSubPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Sternum^c

Gladly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gladly

Description

''Gladly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify an assertion about performing some Action to assert that the action was not only performed in a ''Willing'' manner, but that the thing that someone is 'Willing' to do would make that Person ''Glad'', beause s/he gets satisfaction from helping the person needing or requesting that Action.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gladly' in Wordnet:
          1. gladly, lief, fain - (in a willing manner; 'this was gladly agreed to'; 'I would fain do it')

Super-classes Willingly^c

Glamor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glamor

Description

''Glamor'' is an AttributeType that applies to people and includes visual atractiveness as well as popularity attributes such as being huorous, and other elements of 'charm'. A combination of traits. Difficult to specify aything that is a necessary component.

  CYC 'Glamour': The collection of attributes that describe some
        combination of a person's socially recognized charm,
        appealingness, fascination, allure, popularity, stylishness,
        and sexiness.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glamor' in WordNet:
       1. (1) glamor, glamour - (alluring beauty or charm (often with sex-appeal))

Super-classes Attractiveness^c

Glamorous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glamorous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'glamorous' in Wordnet: 1. glamorous, glamourous - (having an air of allure, romance and excitement; "glamorous movie stars")`
Super-classes	Exciting^c

Glancing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glancing`
Description	''Glancing'' is a brief ''Looking''. This includes the slang 'gander: RHW: 2. Slang. a look: Take a gander at his new shoes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'glance' and verb sense 1 of 'glimpse' in WordNet: 1. (34) glance, peek, glint - (throw a glance at; take a brief look at; 'She only glanced at the paper'; 'I only peeked-I didn't see anything interesting') WN noun 'glance': 1. (31) glance, glimpse, coup d'oeil - (a quick look) WN verb 'glimpse': 1. (5) glimpse - (catch a glimpse of or see briefly; 'We glimpsed the Queen as she got into her limousine')
Super-classes	Looking^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

Gland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gland`
Description	SUMO: An Organ that removes Substances from the Blood, alters them in some way, and then releases them. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gland' in Wordnet: 1. (6) gland, secretory organ, secretor, secreter - (any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream)`
Super-classes	InternalOrgan^c
Sub-classes	TearGland^c Pancreas^c Thyroid^c EndocrineGland^c

GlandularDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlandularDisease`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glandular disease' in WordNet: 1. glandular disease, gland disease, glandular disorder, adenosis - (a disorder of the glands of the body)`
Super-classes	UpsetCondition^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Gland^c
Sub-classes	Hypothyroidism^c

Glare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glare`
Description	''Glare'' is an intense 'Brightness' caused by reflection of some intense light, usually that of the sun. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glare' in WordNet: 1. (5) glare, blaze, brilliance - (great brightness; 'a glare of sunlight'; 'the flowers were a blaze of color')`
Super-classes	Brightness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value BrilliantlyLighted^c

Glaring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glaring`
Description	Each instance of ''Glaring'' is a ''Staring'' Action in which the agent doing the ''Staring'' appears to be angry. `RHW: 5. to stare with a fiercely or angrily piercing look. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glare' in WordNet: 1. (9) glower, glare - (look at with a fixed gaze; 'The girl glared at the man who tried to make a pass at her') WN noun 'glare': 1. glare, glower - (an angry stare)`
Super-classes	Staring^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ExhibitingAnger^c

GlaringLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlaringLight`
Description	''GlaringLight''is a ''ShiningLight' Event in which the intensity of the light is enough be uncomfortable to look at directly. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'glare' in WordNet: 3. glare - (shine intensely; 'The sun glared down on us')`
Super-classes	ShiningLight^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c

Glass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glass`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO this is a Substance, though in Cyc it is an Object.For the Cyc Object, see 'GlassObject'. `Cyc: A specialization of #$InorganicStuff. Each instance of #$Glass is a piece of glass; e.g., a wine bottle, a plate glass window, a microscope slide, a crystal water goblet, or the mirrors of a reflecting telescope. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glass' in WordNet: 1. (24) glass - (a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure)`
Super-classes	InorganicMaterial^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brittle^c
Sub-classes	StainedGlass^c FiberGlass^c PlateGlass^c

GlassBottle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlassBottle`
Description	Bottles made of glass
Super-classes	GlassObject^c Bottle^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Glass^c
Sub-classes	WineBottle^c

GlassFiber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlassFiber`
Description	A long single ''Filament'' of glass, thin enough to be flexible. `Corresponds to part ('optical fiber' is a subtype) of noun sense 1 of 'optical fiber' in WordNet: 1. optical fiber, glass fiber, optical fibre, glass fibre - (a very thin fiber made of glass that functions as a waveguide for light; used in bundles to transmit images)`
Super-classes	Filament^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Glass^c
Sub-classes	OpticalFiber^c

GlassLens^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlassLens`
Description	A ''Lens-Artificial'' made of ''Glass''.
Super-classes	Lens-Artificial^c ShapedObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Glass^c
Sub-classes	GroundGlassLens^c

GlassObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlassObject`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO this is the Object termed 'Glass' in Cyc. In COSMO, 'Glass' is a Substance. `Cyc: A specialization of #$InorganicStuff. Each instance of #$Glass is a piece of glass; e.g., a wine bottle, a plate glass window, a microscope slide, a crystal water goblet, or the mirrors of a reflecting telescope.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Glass^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brittle^c
Sub-classes	GlassBottle^c GlassStem^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallonJugPC1

GlassRoof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlassRoof`
Description	A ''GlassRoof'' is a ''Roof'' that consists mostly of ''PlateGlass'', as in a ''Greenhouse''.
Super-classes	Roof^c
Restrictions	typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value PlateGlass^c

GlassStem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlassStem`
Description	A ''GlassStem'' is an ''ArtifactStem'' that is the vertical shaft-like part of some types of ''DrinkingGlass''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'stem' (this is for vertical supporting stems)in WordNet: 3. (2) shank, stem - (cylinder forming a long narrow part of something)`
Super-classes	ArtifactStem^c GlassObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value DrinkingGlass^c

GlassWool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlassWool`
Description	''GlassWool'' consists a multiple ''Filament''s of ''GlassFiber''s, resembling a white ''Wool'' that has not been woven. When used as a decoration on a Christmas Tree, it is also called 'angel hair'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glass wool' in WordNet: 1. glass wool - (glass fibers spun and massed into bundles resembling wool)`
Super-classes	InsulatingSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fluffy^c

Glaucoma^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glaucoma

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glaucoma' in WordNet:
        1. (1) glaucoma - (increased pressure in the eyeball 
          due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor;
          damages the optic disc and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness))

Super-classes AilmentCondition^c
EyeDisease^c

Glazed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glazed

Description

This ''Glazed'' is the generic attribute of a ''SolidObject'' that has been uvered with some forn of'glaze - ceramics or food. These can be distnguished.

         Includes adjective senses 3 and 4 of 'glazed' in Wordnet:
           3. glazed, shiny - (having a shiny surface or coating;
              'glazed fabrics'; 'glazed doughnuts')
           4. glazed - ((of foods) covered with a shiny coating by applying e.g.
              beaten egg or a sugar or gelatin mixture; 'glazed doughnuts'; 'a glazed ham')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

GlazingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlazingAnObject`
Description	''GlazingAnObject'' is an Action in which an agent applies some form of 'glaze' to the surface of some Object, and allows or causes it to harden. Food glazing is the subtype ''GlazingFood''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 1. (6) glaze - (coat with a glaze; 'the potter glazed the dishes')`
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c CoveringSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCovered^op value ArtifactObject^c requiresResource^op some (FoodGlaze^c or MetalGlaze^c or CeramicGlaze^c)
Sub-classes	GlazingFood^c

GlazingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlazingFood`
Description	''GlazingAnObject'' is an Action in which an agent applies some form of 'glaze' to the surface of some Object, and allows or causes it to harden. Food glazing is the subtype ''GlazingFood''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 1. (6) glaze - (coat with a glaze; 'the potter glazed the dishes')`
Super-classes	GlazingAnObject^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value FoodGlaze^c hadObjectCovered^op value FoodObject^c

Glider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glider`
Description	CYC: The collection of all unpowered steerable aircraft with lift surfaces designed for extended periods of gliding. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glider' in WordNet: 1. glider, sailplane - (aircraft supported only by the dynamic action of air against its surfaces)`
Super-classes	FixedWingAircraft^c Device-UserControlled^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpowered^c

GliderChair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GliderChair`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$GliderChairs. A #$GliderChair is a type of #$Chair-PieceOfFurniture which is similar to a #$RockingChair. The difference is that a #$GliderChair's base stays firmly on the ground while the seat 'glides' back and forth. This collection is an element of #$ChildrensFurnitureMarketCategory because #$GliderChairs are often found in #$Nursery-BabysRooms where they are used by mothers to nurse their babies.
Super-classes	Chair^c

Gliding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gliding

Description

Gliding through the air. This includes active (controlling a glider) and passive senses.

        CYC The collection of all instances of
        #$Locomotion-Air in which the #$primaryObjectMoving does not
        expend significant energy to go faster or higher, although
        energy may be expended to maintain tautness of its wings,
        etc.. The movement of air particles under it slow its fall
        or even push it upwards, while the pull of gravity is
        translated into forward motion. Such flight generally cannot
        be sustained for arbitrary lengths of time. The
        #$primaryObjectMoving may be an animal or other natural
        object, or an #$Artifact.

           Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'glide' and noun sense 1 of
              'gliding' in Wordnet:
              2. glide - (fly in or as if in a glider plane)
          WN noun 'gliding':
            1. glide, gliding, sailplaning, soaring, sailing - (the activity of flying a glider)

Super-classes LocomotionProcess^c
RidingInAnAirplane^c
MovementThroughAir^c

GlidingJoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlidingJoint`
Description	A ''GlidingJoint'' is a type of ''SynovialJoint'' (derived from WordNet). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gliding joint' in WordNet: 1. gliding joint, articulatio plana - (a freely moving joint in which the articulations allow only gliding motions)`
Super-classes	SynovialJoint^c
Sub-classes	AnkleJoint^c Wrist^c

Glimmer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glimmer`
Description	A ''Glimmer'' is a faint ''Flicker' of light. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glimmer' in WordNet: 1. (1) gleam, gleaming, glimmer - (a flash of light (especially reflected light))`
Super-classes	FlashOfLight^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

Glistening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glistening`
Description	A 'LightPropagationEvent' in which some object gives off reflected light and appears to be smooth-surfaced and shiny. 'all that glitters is not gold'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glisten' in WordNet: 1. (3) glitter, glisten, glint, gleam, shine - (be shiny, as if wet; 'His eyes were glistening')`
Super-classes	ShiningByReflection^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Reflecting^c
Sub-classes	ShimmeringEvent^c

Glitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glitch`
Description	A ''Glitch'' is a 'Flaw' in some ArtifactObject or system, including procedures such a computer progams, that can cause faulty behavior or failure of the intended funtionof the object or system. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glitch' in WordNet: 1. bug, glitch - (a fault or defect in a system or machine)`
Super-classes	Flaw^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value Malfunctioning^c

Glittering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glittering

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'glittering' in Wordnet:
           1. (6) aglitter, coruscant, fulgid, glinting, glistering, glittering,
               glittery, scintillant, scintillating, sparkly -
               (having brief brilliant points or flashes of light; 'bugle beads all aglitter';
               'glinting eyes'; 'glinting water'; 'his glittering eyes were cold and malevolent';
               'shop window full of glittering Christmas trees'; 'glittery costume jewelry';
               'scintillant mica'; 'the scintillating stars'; 'a dress with sparkly sequins'; 
               '`glistering' is an archaic term')

Super-classes Expressive^c

GlobOfGoo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlobOfGoo`
Description	A ''GlobOfGoo'' is some quantity of a sticky (gooey) substance (a piece of ''Gook''). It is a PhysicalObject.
Super-classes	LiquidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sticky^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Gook^c

Global^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Global

Description

''Global'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to the whole Earth ; of or pertaining to the whole Earth.

     RHW . pertaining to the whole world; worldwide; universal: the dream of global peace.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'global' in WordNet:
          1. (1) global, planetary, world, worldwide, world-wide - 
            (involving the entire earth; not limited or provincial in scope; 
            'global war'; 'global monetary policy'; 
            'neither national nor continental but planetary'; 'a world crisis'; 
            'of worldwide significance')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GlobalWarming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlobalWarming`
Description	''GlobalWarming"'' is a ''GettingHotter'' in which the Object getting hotter is the ''EarthsAtmosphere''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'global warming' in WordNet: 1. global warming - (an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes))`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c IncreaseEvent^c HeatingProcess^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c mayBeCausedBy^op value EmittingCarbonDioxide^c heats^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Sub-classes	AnthropogenicGlobalWarming^c

GlobalWarmingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlobalWarmingEvent`
Description	COSMO note: an Event - the global warming during any given interval of Time. `Cyc: Collection of global warming events. A global warming event is a general warming of the average temperature of the Earth. heating, warming Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'global warming' in WordNet: 1. global warming - (an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes))`
Super-classes	WeatherEvent^c HeatingProcess^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c heats^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c

Globalization^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Globalization

Description

''Globalization'' is a ''MacroeconomicEvent'' in which individual commercial Organizations or economic activities that are located solely or primarily in one or a few countries become more widely dspersed throughout the world.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'globalization' in WordNet:
          1. globalization, globalisation - (growth to a global or worldwide scale;
             'the globalization of the communication industry')

Super-classes MacroeconomicEvent^c

Globally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Globally

Description

''Globally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to assert that the adjective applies to types of Objects or Actions that are located or occur at multiple locations areound the Earth.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'globally' in Wordnet:
           1. globally - (throughout the world; 'this is globally significant')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Glockenspiel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glockenspiel`
Description	A set of ''Chimes'', a ''PercussionInstrument'', that may be used in an Orchestra. `CYC: percussion instrument made of metal bars that are struck with a hammer ?? what are the individual metal bars called?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glockenspiel' in WordNet: 1. glockenspiel, orchestral bells - (a percussion instrument consisting of a set of graduated metal bars mounted on a frame and played with small hammers)`
Super-classes	Chimes^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Orchestra^c

Gloominess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gloominess

Description

'Gloominess'' is a more intensive form of ''Melancholy''.

        CYC: Low spirits; Depression. Without cheerfulness or optimism

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gloom' in WordNet:
         2. (1) gloom, gloominess, somberness, sombreness - 
             (a feeling of melancholy apprehension)

Super-classes Melancholy^c

Gloomy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gloomy

Description

''Gloomy'' is the attribute of something causing ''Despair''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gloomy' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) gloomy, grim, darkening - (characterized by hopelessness; 
            filled with gloom; 'gloomy at the thought of what he had to face'; 
            'gloomy predictions'; 'a gloomy silence'; 'took a grim view of the economy'; 
            'the darkening mood')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Glorified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glorified

Description

Having exceptionally high respect from most members of the community. This is a higher level of recognition than being ''Honored''.

   Having the status of 'Glorified' is equivalent to being in a state of 'Glory'.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glory' in and adjective sense 1 of
      'glorified' in WordNet:
   1. (9) glory, glorification - (a state of high honor;
     'he valued glory above life itself')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Honored^c

Glorifying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glorifying

Description

''Glorifying'' is an intensive form of ''Praising'' that may be exaggerated.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glorify' in WordNet:
         1. (4) laud, extol, exalt, glorify, proclaim - 
            (praise, glorify, or honor; 'extol the virtues of one's children'; 
            'glorify one's spouse's cooking')

Super-classes Praising^c

Gloss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gloss`
Description	+ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'gloss' in WordNet: 3. polish, gloss, glossiness, burnish - (the property of being smooth and shiny)
Super-classes	Sheen^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Reflective^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Smooth^c

Glossary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glossary

Description

A Glossary is a list of terms and accompanying definitions used in some specific field of knowledge or other restricted context. It is less comprehensive than a dictionary.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glossary' in Wordnet:
      1. (3) glossary, gloss - (an alphabetical list of technical terms in some 
      specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field)

Super-classes KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c

Glottis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glottis

Description

CYC: The collection of all glottises (or 'glottides'). An individual #$Glottis is a unique part of a #$Person or other #$Vertebrate which consists of the #$VocalCords and the space between them.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glottis' in WordNet:
          1. glottis - (the vocal apparatus of the larynx; 
             the true vocal folds and the space between them 
             where the voice tone is generated)

Super-classes Portal^c
SpeechOrgan^c

Glove^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glove`
Description	CYC: The collection of individual gloves, a kind of paired clothing accessory worn on the hands for decoration and/or to protect the hands from damage due to harsh environmental conditions. `SUMO: Clothing that is intended to be worn on the Hand. Note that this class covers both gloves which have individual compartments for each of the Fingers and mittens. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'glove' in WordNet: 2. glove - (handwear: covers the hand and wrist)`
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c ClothingItem^c ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Hand^c surrounds-3D^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	Mitten^c BaseballMitt^c

Gloved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gloved

Description

'Gloved' is the AttributeValue specifying that a Person is performing ''WearingGloves''.

       CYC: All #$Persons with #$Gloves covering their #$Hands.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gloved' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) gloved - (having the hands covered with gloves)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Glowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glowing`
Description	`NOTE: RHW has 'glowing' as 'incandescent' but fireflies glow and are not incandescent. This is broader than the RHW sense. RHW 'glowing': 1. incandescent.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Incandescent^c

GlowingHotObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlowingHotObject`
Description	A ''GlowingHotObject'' is a ''HotObject'' that is ''RedHot'' or hotter such that it gives off ''Incandescence''.
Super-classes	HotObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value RedHot^c emits^op value Incandescence^c

Glucocorticoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glucocorticoid`
Description	A class of #$Hormones which affect protein and carbohydrate metabolism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glucocorticoid' in WordNet: 1. glucocorticoid - (a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity)`
Super-classes	Corticosteroid^c
Sub-classes	Cortisone^c

Glucose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glucose`
Description	A carbohydrate with one ring, which is one of the two linked monosaccharide components of common table sugar. `RHW: a sugar, C6H12O6, having several optically different forms, the common dextrorotatory form (dextroglucose, ord -glucose) occurring in many fruits, animal tissues and fluids, etc., and having a sweetness about one half that of ordinary sugar, and the rare levorotatory form (levoglucose, or l -glucose) not naturally occurring. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glucose' in WordNet: 1. glucose - (a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy)`
Super-classes	MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c Monosaccharide^c
Sub-classes	Dextrose^c

Glue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glue

Description

A mixture of sticky materials, usually made of a protein gelatin obtained by boiling the skins or hooves of animals in water. In COSMO 'Glue' is restricted to such sticky stuff made of organic materials. For non-organics use the generic 'Adhesive' or 'Cement'. Glue has the property of being sticky, and must be in the liquid or semisolid form; dried Glue is not a subtype of this Type.

      See also ''Mucilage'',made from gum secretions.

      SUMO: Any Mixture whose purpose is to be used as the instrument 
       of Attaching one thing to another.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glue' in WordNet:
          1. (1) glue, gum, mucilage - (cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive)

Super-classes Adhesive^c
OrganicSubstance^c
BondingMaterial^c

Gluing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gluing`
Description	'Gluing' is An Action in which some Agent attaches two or more objects together by using Glue or some paste. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glue' in WordNet: 1. (15) glue, paste - (join or attach with or as if with glue; paste the sign on the wall; cut and paste the sentence in the text)`
Super-classes	Bonding^c
Restrictions	usedSubstance^op value Glue^c

Glumly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glumly

Description

''Dourly'' is an AdverbOfManner that modifies an Action that was performed in a dour (''Morose'') manner.

      Indistinguishable in WN from ''Darkly'' or ''Dourly''.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'glumly' in WordNet:
           1. (1) dourly, sullenly, glumly - (in a sullen manner; "he sat in his chair dourly")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Glutton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glutton`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glutton' in WordNet: 1. (1) glutton, gourmand, gourmandizer, trencherman - (a person who is devoted to eating and drinking to excess)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gluttonous^c

Gluttonous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gluttonous

Description

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gluttonous' in Wordnet:
            1. gluttonous - (given to excess in consumption 
               of especially food or drink; 'over-fed women and their gluttonous husbands'; 
               'a gluttonous debauch'; 'a gluttonous appetite for food and praise and pleasure')

Super-classes Voracious^c

Gluttony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gluttony`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gluttony' in WordNet: 1. gluttony - (habitual eating to excess)`
Super-classes	Intemperance^c

Glycerol^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glycerol

Description

'Glycerol' is a three-carbon compound with a hydroxyl group on each carbon. Cyc: A specialization of #$Alcohol-Compound. Each instance of #$Glycerol is a sample of C3H8O3.

     ?add?  Glycerol mayFillTheRoleOf Humectant - see 'Humectant'

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glycerol' in WordNet:
       1. (2) glycerol, glycerin, glycerine - (a sweet syrupy trihydroxy 
         alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils)

Super-classes OrganicSubstance^c
LiquidSubstance^c
Alcohol^c

Glycogen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Glycogen

Description

A polysaccharide used for storing energy in animal cells.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glycogen' in Wordnet:
           1. glycogen, animal starch - (one form in which body fuel is stored; stored 
           primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body)

Super-classes MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c
AnimalSubstance^c
Polysaccharide^c

Gnawing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gnawing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gnaw' in WordNet: 1. (2) gnaw - (bite or chew on with the teeth; 'gnaw an old cracker')`
Super-classes	Chewing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Rodent^c

Gnome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gnome`
Description	'A ''Gnome'' is a ''Legendary'' ''FictionalIntelligentAgent'' that looks like a small Person but is not truly human, and may have some magical powers `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gnome' in WordNet: 1. (1) gnome, dwarf - (a legendary creature resembling a tiny old man; lives in the depths of the earth and guards buried treasure)`
Super-classes	FictionalIntelligentAgent^c LegendaryThing^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value SmallPerson^c residesIn^op value UndergroundLocation^c

Goaded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goaded`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'goaded' in Wordnet: 1. driven, goaded - (compelled forcibly by an outside agency; 'mobs goaded by blind hatred')`
Super-classes	Forced^c

Goading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goading`
Description	''Goading'' is an ''EncouragingCommunication'' that encourages a Person to perform some Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'goad' in WordNet: 1. (1) spur, goad - (give heart or courage to) WN noun 'goad': 1. (3) goad, goading, prod, prodding, urging, spur, spurring - (a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something; 'the ceaseless prodding got on his nerves')`
Super-classes	EncouragingCommunication^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value PurposefulAction^c

GoadingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoadingAnAnimal`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'goad' in WordNet: 2. (1) goad - (urge with or as if with a goad)`
Super-classes	Poking^c Thrusting^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value ProddingDevice^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	SpurringaHorse^c

Goal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goal`
Description	In COSMO, a 'Goal' is a MentalObject that is typically produced by a 'Desire' (which see), and includes an Intention to act (a plan of action) and an end toward which the plan is aimed. The end is an instance of the type 'GoalSituation', related by the relation 'hasDesiredSituation'. NOTE that the 'GoalSituation' is the same situation pointed to by the 'hasDesiredSituation' on the Desire that causes the Goal. @ToDo: This relation must be represented in the FOL version. For the Goal of a specific action use ''ActionObjective''. NOTE also that formation of a 'Goal' may be motivated by some Event - see the relation 'convincedAgentToAction' that can point from an Event to an Action motivated by the Event, but does not refer to the intermediate Goal or Intention that is created before the agent actually performs the Action. A Goal and a GoalSituation are intimately connected, but are not well distinguished linguistically. When one speaks generally of a person's goals or a person 'having' a goal, the reference should be to an instance of 'Goal'; when one want to specifically describe the intended result, use 'GoalSituation'. The distinction between 'Goal' as a MentalObject and 'GoalSituation' allows the ontology to reify a person's goal(s) without any knowledge of the actual situation that would satisfy the goals. One can therefore talk about a goal, and separately about a situation that 'satisfies' the goal - in this usage, the 'goal' appears to be a MentalObject distinct from the GoalSituation. A 'Goal' is in the Mind of a single individual; though more than one person may have the same GoalSituation (more than one person may want to work toward the same state of affairs, e.g. World Peace), the Goals of those individuals are personal to each of them. A Goal is a MentalObject that relates to a Situation that an IntelligentAgent desires and intends to make happen by taking some action. In COSMO a Goal is a Group of MentalObjects that necessarily includes a Desire - because the Goal references something that an Agent wants to happen, which is the characteristic of a Desire. A Goal, in addition to the desire to see something happen, includes the intention (expectation) that the Agent her/himself will take some action to help make that thing happen. NOTE that a 'Goal' includes an Intention, but differs from an Intention in that the Goal references a situation that the Agent desires but is not currently existing, whereas an Intention to do something does not necessarily imply that the action will change the situation ('he intends to keep quiet for the next ten minute') and intending to do something does not imply that the Agent wants the FutureSituation to happen for the Agent's own purposes - agent could intend to do something demanded by someone else.. The difference between an Intention and a Goal is that an Intention references a future Actikon, while a Goal references a future desired State. COSMO note: In OpenCyc a Goal is a subtype of '#ELSentence-Assertible' - i.e. an assertion. Although the Cyc representation of 'Goal' includes many of the intuitions that seem to be contained in the usual meaning of 'Goal', the linguistic usage appears to be closer to the notion of the goal being the realization of the actual situation that an agent (usually a person) wants to become true; however, the Goal is in the mind of the IntelligentAgent, and is created by the IntelligentAgent, but is not a PhysicalObject, threfore is best represented as MentalObject in COSMO, rather than the situation itself. It necessarily includes some intention, but is not the intention itself. So the representation of a Goal must include each of these elements in relation to each other. NOTE that a Goal is a MentalObject that references* some desired FutureSituation, but is not itself the desired FutureSituation; a Goal is internal to an agent, not just a state of affairs in the exgternal world.. When the FutureSituation has occurred and is no longer in the Future, the Goal itself must terminate its existence, and the Goal will be located in the past, Restrictions specify that every instance of Goal must specify the IntentionalAgent who has the goal (through the relation 'wasCreatedBy') and the DesiredFutureSituation that has caused that Goal to arise. Cyc: Typically, this attribute characterizes relationships holding between Cyc formulas and a particular agent when the formula describes a state of affairs that the agent intends to take steps to actualize, i.e., when actualizing the state of affairs is a goal of the agent. However, it might also be seen as an attribute of the relationship between the agent and the static situation depicted by that cyc formula (see #$StateFn). This is the most general goal attribute and should be used only when one is unable to specify more exactly what kind of goal the relevant state of affairs is for an agent. ToDo: axioms must specify that the FutureSituation of the Desire and Intention are the same, and that the Agent that has the Goal will be a participant in the FutureSituaion. Corresponds to FIBO 'goal': SKOS def: '(1) A goal is a desired result a person or a system envisions, plans and commits to achieve a personal or organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development. Many people endeavor to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines. (2) An observable and measurable end result having one or more objectives to be achieved within a more or less fixed timeframe.' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'goal' and sense 1 of 'purpose' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'aim' and sense 4 of 'end' and sense 1 of 'objective' and sense 2 of 'object' in WordNet: WN 'goal': 1. (243) goal, end - (the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it; 'the ends justify the means') WN 'purpose' 1. (75) purpose, intent, intention, aim, design - (an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; 'his intent was to provide a new translation'; 'good intentions are not enough'; 'it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs'; 'he made no secret of his designs')
Super-classes	Group^c MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value Desire^c wasCreatedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c hasComponentElement^op value Intention^c hasDesiredSituation^op value GoalSituation^c isInTheMindOf^op value IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	ActionObjective^c CollectiveGoal^c Mission^c TradeGoal^c Purpose^c StatusGoal^c ActionGuidingIdeology^c

GoalPost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoalPost`
Description	This 'GoalPost'' is the type of ''GoalPost'' used at the end of the ''FootballField'' in American Football. It has two uprights and a crossbar. *NOTE: Pellet after saving says this is inconsistent. Probably due to cardinality restrictions on the parts (2 and 1 inconsistent?) But Fact++ on Prot 5.2 does not pick this up. Need to check with reasoner developer. Any other kind of 'goal post' can be a similar type, but not a subtype unless it has the two uprights and a crossbar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goal post' in WordNet: 1. goalpost - (one of a pair of posts (usually joined by a crossbar) that are set up as a goal at each end of a playing field)
Super-classes	Target^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value GoalPostCrossPiece^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c hasComponentPart^op value VerticalPost^c

GoalPostCrossPiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoalPostCrossPiece`
Description	A ''GoalPostCrossPiece'' is the ''CrossBeam'' that is the horizontal part of each Football ''GoalPost''.
Super-classes	CrossBeam^c
Restrictions	hasOrientation^op value Horizontal^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value GoalPost^c

GoalSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoalSituation`
Description	A 'GoalSituation' is the Situation that is desired in an agent's Goal or plan. In COSMO, a 'Goal' is a mental object that includes a Desire, an Intention to act (a plan of action) and an end toward which the plan is aimed. The end is an instance of this type 'GoalSituation'. A Goal and a GoalSituation are intimately connected, but are not well distinguished linguistically. When one speaks generally of a person's goals, the reference should be to an innstance of 'Goal'; when one want to specifically describe the intended result, use 'GoalSituation'. The distinction between 'Goal' as a MentalObject and 'GoalSituation' allows the ontology to reify a person's goal(s) without any knowledge of the actual situation that would satisfy the goals. One can therefore talk about a goal, and separately about a situation that 'satisfies' the goal - in this usage, the 'goal' appears to be a MentalObject distinct from the GoalSituation. NOTE: much of this meaning is similar to that of ''Intention'' - @ToDO: review and possibly reduce duplication. NOTE that relation 'convincedAgentToAction' points from an Event to an Action that an Agent may take as a consequence, but that relation does not relate the intermediate formation of a 'Goal' or 'Intention'. The 'GoalSituation' represented here would be the intended result of the 'Action' referenced in 'convincedAgentToAction'. @ToDo: these relations probably need FOL axtioms to relate them. NOTE: ****** Related elements in the ontology are: **** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires . . . . Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'goal' and sense 2 of 'purpose' in Random House Webster 1. the result or achievement toward which effort is directed; aim; end 2. an intended or desired result; end; aim; goal. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'goal', noun sense 4 of 'end' and sense 1 of 'purpose' in WordNet: WN 'goal': 1. (243) goal, end - (the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it; 'the ends justify the means') WN 'purpose' 1. (75) purpose, intent, intention, aim, design - (an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; 'his intent was to provide a new translation'; 'good intentions are not enough'; 'it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs'; 'he made no secret of his designs')
Super-classes	DesiredFutureSituation^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op some (Goal^c or Plan^c or GoalType^c)
Sub-classes	FaceTime^c Terror^c DifficultGoal^c FutureMeeting^c Dating^c DreamComeTrue^c IntendedResult^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatHasAnAccount

GoalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoalType`
Description	''GoalType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''Goal'' as their argument.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	PoliticalGoal Contract ActionObjective GoalSituation Date DesiredFutureSituation Consensus Mission StatusGoal ActionGuidingIdeology Subscription Terror BindingAgreement ForeignPolicyGoal Appointment DreamComeTrue Purpose AidingAllies Goal CollectiveGoal TradeGoal Deal ConspiracyAgreement PersonalSuccess Agreement TwoAgentAgreement DesiredFutureUse Reservation Unison Compromise BankingConvenience TwoAgentDeal

GoalsContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoalsContext`
Description	CYC: The collection of all contexts which contain assertions expressing the goals of some agent or group of agents.
Super-classes	PropositionalAttitudeContext^c

Goat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goat' in WordNet: 1. (6) goat, caprine animal - (any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns)`
Super-classes	Ruminant^c Mammal^c HerdAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Goat-Domestic^c

Goat-Domestic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goat-Domestic`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goat' in WordNet: 1. (6) goat, caprine animal - (any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns)`
Super-classes	Goat^c DomesticatedAnimal^c

GoatCheese^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoatCheese

Description

This is the collection of all instances of goat cheese, cheese made from goat's milk. There are dozens of #$SpecifiedCheeseTypes that are specs of this collection.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goat cheese' in WordNet:
          1. goat cheese, chevre - (made from goats' milk)

Super-classes Cheese^c

Goatee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goatee`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goatee' in WordNet: 1. goatee - (a small chin beard trimmed to a point; named for its resemblance to a goat's beard)`
Super-classes	Beard^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

GobblingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GobblingFood`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gobble' in WordNet: 1. (2) gobble, bolt - (eat hastily without proper chewing; 'Don't bolt your food!')`
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value SolidFood^c

Goblet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goblet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goblet' in WordNet: 1. goblet - (a drinking glass with a base and stem)`
Super-classes	DrinkingGlass^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value GlassStem^c hasPhysicalPart^op value ArtifactBase^c

God^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#God`
Description	Some god - not necessarily the God of monotheistic religions, (se 'GodTheCreator') who is an instance of this type. `Cyc 'Gods': The class of supernatural beings generally supposed to be (a) all-powerful (or more powerful than other classes of divinities within the same religious/folkloric tradition), and (b) immortal (or nearly so, for all practical purposes). Corresponds to sense 2 of 'god' in WordNet: 2. (26) deity, divinity, god, immortal - (any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force)`
Super-classes	DivineBeing^c
Sub-classes	HinduDeity^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GodTheCreator

Goddamned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goddamned

Description

''Goddamned'' and its various lables are used as intensifiers to represent some form of dislike of the thing characterized.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'goddamned' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) blasted, blame, blamed, blessed, damn, damned, darned, deuced,
             goddam, goddamn, goddamned, infernal - (expletives used informally as intensifiers;
             'he's a blasted idiot'; 'it's a blamed shame'; 'a blame cold winter'; 
             'not a blessed dime'; 'I'll be damned (or blessed or darned or goddamned) 
             if I'll do any such thing'; 'he's a damn (or goddam or goddamned) fool';
             'a deuced idiot'; 'an infernal nuisance')

Super-classes Flaming^c

Goddess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goddess`
Description	NOTE: a ''Goddess'' is classified as a ''MythicalThing'' rather than a ''DivineBeing'' beause in the contexts in which it is mentioned, it has properties of physical objects, and a a ''DivineBeing'' is not a PhysicalObject. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goddess' in WordNet: 1. (2) goddess - (a female deity)`
Super-classes	MythicalThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Female^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urania

Goggles^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goggles

Description

CYC: The collection of all goggles, protective gear for the wearer's eyes.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goggles' in WordNet:
           1. goggles - (tight-fitting spectacles worn to protect the eyes)

Super-classes NonPoweredDevice^c
SomethingToWear^c
DurableGood^c
ProtectiveCovering^c
HandSizedObject^c
Eyewear^c

GoingOnStrike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoingOnStrike`
Description	A 'GoingOnStrike' is one or more series of actions which cause and immediately precede a labor strike (see 'Strike'. The borderline between normal work and the actions that cause the Strike may be fuzzy, but GoingOnStrike and the Strike itself are distinguishable actions. 'GoingOnStrike' is the ending phase of some 'WorkingEvent'. `There does not appear to be a WordNet entry with this meaning.`
Super-classes	DisputeEvent^c StoppingEvent^c
Restrictions	occursBefore^op value Strike^c alwaysCauses^op value Strike^c finishes^op some WorkingEvent^c

GoingSomewhere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoingSomewhere`
Description	COSMO note: the restriction requires that the destination of a GoingSomewhere be specified. This should be for completed trips, usually one-way. `NOTE: If a trip is interrupted, it should not be a ''GoingSomewhere''. How to express an aborted attampt?? It can be ''AttemptingActivity'' where the ''hasAttemptedAction'' points to a ''GoingSomewhere''. Cyc: A very general set of events in which an animal goes somewhere.`
Super-classes	LocomotionProcess^c Translation-Complete^c Translocation^c AnimalActivity^c Translation-LocationChange^c
Restrictions	hasDestination^op some GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	TakingaTrip^c GoingToWork^c RoundTrip^c MountingaHorse^c TravellingAlongaPath^c PassingThroughAClosedDoor^c ArrivingAtAPlace^c
In domain of	hasDestination^op

GoingToBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoingToBed`
Description	'GoingToBed' is an Action in which a Person lies down on a bed in order to be ''GoingToSleep''. The final phase of this action before actually falling asleep if getting into the bed, represented by ''BeddingDown''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'go to bed' in Wordnet: 1. (4) go to bed, turn in, bed, crawl in, kip down, hit the hay, hit the sack, sack out, go to sleep, retire - (prepare for sleep; 'I usually turn in at midnight'; 'He goes to bed at the crack of dawn')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasPrecondition^op value BeingAwake^c hasSubEvent^op value LyingOneselfDown^c occursBefore^op value SleepingEvent^c hasSubEvent^op value BeddingDown^c typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value Bedtime^c

GoingToSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoingToSchool`
Description	A Person who is ''GoingToSchool'' is formally enrolled in some ''EducationalOrganization'' and gets instruction by physically going to classes in some ''SchoolBuilding''. This activity typically occurs over two or ore years and ends normally when the student graduates.
Super-classes	Participation^c BeingaStudent^c BeingPresent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value SchoolBuilding^c isPerformedBy^op value Student^c hasSubEvent^op value TakingaCourse^c hasSubEvent^op value AttendingaClass^c

GoingToSleep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoingToSleep`
Description	'GoingToSleep' is an Action in which some Animal goes from a state of 'BeingAwake' to a state of 'SleepingEvent'. `NOTE that we use the causal relation 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' rather than 'isTheStartingPartOf' to relate GoingToSleep and SleepingEvent, because in COSMO as soon as the SleepingEvent starts, the animal is no longer performing the 'GoingToSleep' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fall asleep' in WordNet: 1. (8) fall asleep, dope off, flake out, drift off, nod off, drop off, doze off, drowse off - (change from a waking to a sleeping state; 'he always falls asleep during lectures')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasPrecondition^op value BeingAwake^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value SleepingEvent^c

GoingToWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoingToWork`
Description	''GoingToWork'' is a ''GoingSomewhere'' in which the destination is one's usual ''WorkPlace''
Super-classes	GoingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hasDestination^op some Workplace^c

GoingWellTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoingWellTogether`
Description	''GoingWellTogether'' is a more interactive type of ''Matching'' where the ''Group'' of things that 'go well together' not only do not clash or interfere, but complement or enhance or synergize each other. To go well together is to 'harmonise', equivalent to the This includes one sense of 'harmonize' for things (colors, the parts of a clothing outfit, different people on a team) that complement or enhance each other so as to perform some function well together. Contrasts with 'clashing'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fit in' in WordNet: 1. (2) harmonize, harmonise, consort, accord, concord, fit in, agree - (go together; 'The colors don't harmonize'; 'Their ideas concorded') WN noun 'harmony': 3. (1) harmony, concord, concordance - (a harmonious state of things in general and of their properties (as of colors and sounds); congruity of parts with one another and with the whole)`
Super-classes	Matching^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Group^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Harmonious^c
Sub-classes	Synergizing^c BeingConforming^c

Goiter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goiter

Description

Having an enlarged thyroid gland because of an iodine deficiency.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goiter' in WordNet:
          1. goiter, goitre, struma, thyromegaly - (abnormally enlarged 
             thyroid gland; can result from underproduction or overproduction 
             of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet)

Super-classes DietaryDeficiencyCondition^c

Gold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gold`
Description	The metallic element gold, has 79 protons in the nucleus and does not oxidize in air. For the sense 'made of gold' use 'isGolden' or 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance' (with object 'Gold'). CYC note: CYC substances are represented as collections (classes) each instance of which is a piece of that substance. Thus CYC 'Gold': comment: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of gold. type ='#NaturalResourceType' type ='#ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons' subClassOf ='#InorganicMaterial' subClassOf ='#UnalloyedMetal' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'gold' in WordNet: 3. (6) gold, Au, atomic number 79 - (a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia)
Super-classes	UnalloyedMetal^c PreciousMetal^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Dentistry^c
Sub-classes	TenKaratGold^c PureGold^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gold0.4167 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gold0.999

GoldAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoldAtom`
Description	One atom of Gold; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes.
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	hasProtonCount^dp value 79^c isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Gold^c

GoldColored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoldColored

Description

Having a color resembling that of Gold.

    In CYC:
               Class ID='GoldColor'
              comment: The color gold
               guid=ec5490fe-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
               type '#Color'
               subClassOf ='#ColoredThing'
               subClassOf ='#Yellowish'

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'golden' in WordNet:
    1. (6) aureate, gilded, gilt, gold, golden - (having the deep slightly brownish color of gold; 
       'long aureate (or golden) hair'; 'a gold carpet')

Super-classes YellowColor^c

GoldFinch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoldFinch

Description

From Wikipedia: American goldfinch. (Redirected from Eastern Goldfinch) The American goldfinch (Spinus tristis) is a small North American bird in the finch family. It is migratory, ranging from mid-Alberta to North Carolina during the breeding season, and from just south of the Canada-United States border to Mexico during the winter.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goldfinch' in WordNet:
         1. New world goldfinch, goldfinch, yellowbird, Spinus tristis - 
           (American finch whose male has yellow body plumage in summer)

Super-classes Finch^c

GoldType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoldType`
Description	GoldType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for substances that are comonly referred to as 'gold', usually having more than 50% gold, but also including (an unusual usage) 10 karat gold,which is less than 50%, but still referred to as 'gold'; in jewelry.
Super-classes	MetalType^c
In range of	isGolden^op
Members	TenKaratGold PureGold

GoldenEagle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoldenEagle

Description

CYC: A collection of large birds, a spec of #$BirdOfPrey, living throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Their color is dark brown with gold on the back of the head and neck. Their scientific name is Aquila chrysaetos.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golden eagle' in WordNet:
          1. golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos - (large eagle 
          of mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere having a golden-brown head and neck)

Super-classes Eagle^c

GoldenOpportunity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoldenOpportunity

Description

A ''GoldenOpportunity''is an''Opportunity'' that presents a possibility of ''GainingSomething'' important of very valuable.

       No exact match in WorNet:
       Corresponds most closely to noun sense 5 of 'occasion' in WordNet:
         5. occasion - (an opportunity to do something; 'there was never an occasion 
           for her to demonstrate her skill')

Super-classes Opportunity^c

Goldfish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goldfish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goldfish' in WordNet: 1. goldfish, Carassius auratus - (small golden or orange-red freshwater fishes of Eurasia used as pond or aquarium fishes)`
Super-classes	Carp^c

Goldsmith^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goldsmith`
Description	A ''Goldsmith'' is a Person who produces objects made of ''Gold'', with at least some manual effort in shaping the object (not just running a machine). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goldsmith' in WordNet: 1. (1) goldsmith, goldworker, gold-worker - (an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold)`
Super-classes	SkilledWorker^c
Restrictions	worksWith^op value Gold^c

Golf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Golf`
Description	An instance of 'SportType'; for the game which is an Event, use 'GolfGame'. Typically nine or eighteen holes. `WordNet makes no distinction between the sport and an individual game; the Wordnet entry is the game - see ''GolfGame''.`
Super-classes	BallSport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value GolfGame^c

GolfBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfBall`
Description	The ball used in a ''GolfGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf ball' in WordNet: 1. golf ball - (a small hard ball used in playing golf; dimpled to reduce wind resistance)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Ball^c ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c Device^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value GolfGame^c

GolfClub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfClub`
Description	A ''Club'' of a type designed to be used in the game of ''Golf'', consistingof a long shaft with a hand-sized part at the end having a flat hitting surface, `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'golf club' in Wordnet: 2. golf club, golf-club, club - (golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball)`
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c SportsEquipment^c Club^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 60.0^c hasApproximateShape^op value Rod^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value GolfGame^c
Sub-classes	GolfIron^c DriverClub^c

GolfCourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfCourse`
Description	A ''GolfCourse'' is a ''SportCourse'' where people perform ''PlayingaGolfGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf course' and includes 'liks' (differentiated in WN) in WordNet: 1. golf course, links course - (course consisting of a large landscaped area for playing golf) WN noun 'links' 1. (1) links, golf links - (a golf course that is built on sand ground near a shore)`
Super-classes	SportCourse^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value PlayingaGolfGame^c

GolfCourseHazard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfCourseHazard`
Description	A ''GolfCourseHazard'' is any physical object that is not a mown lawn (e.g. bodies of water, the rough, sand traps) that can make progress to the putting green difficult. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hazard' in WordNet: 3. hazard - (an obstacle on a golf course)`
Super-classes	Obstacle^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value TransportationEvent^c
Sub-classes	SandTrap^c

GolfEagle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfEagle

Description

A ''GolfEagle'' is a 'GolfScore' for one player playing one hole of golf in which the number of strokes required is two less than 'par'..

   Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'eagle' in WordNet:
     2. eagle - ((golf) a score of two strokes under par on a hole)

Super-classes GolfScore^c

GolfGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfGame`
Description	A 'game' is Typically completed after nine or eighteen holes. Practicing driving or putting would not be considered an instance of this type. `WordNet makes no distinction between the sport and an individual game; this Wordnet entry is the game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf' in Wordnet: 1. (9) golf, golf game - (a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes)`
Super-classes	BallGame^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value GolfClub^c usesInstrument^op value GolfBall^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value GolfCourse^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Golf^c
Sub-classes	PlayingaGolfGame^c

GolfHolePar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfHolePar

Description

A ''GolfHolePar'' is a 'GolfScore' for one player playing one hole of golf in which the number of strokes required is equal to 'par'..

      Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'par' in WordNet:
        1. (2) par - ((golf) the standard number of strokes set for each hole 
             on a golf course, or for the entire course; 'a par-5 hole'; 
             'par for this course is 72')

Super-classes GolfScore^c
Par^c

GolfIron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfIron`
Description	A ''GolfIron'' is a ''GolfClub'' with the head made completely of metal, as contrasted with a 'wood' that has a head composed mostly of ''Wood''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'iron' in WordNet: 2. (2) iron - (a golf club that has a relatively narrow metal head)`
Super-classes	GolfClub^c
Sub-classes	Putter^c

GolfScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GolfScore`
Description	A 'GolfScore' is a 'GameScore' for some part of a Golf game (such as one hole by one player). or the final score for a golf match between players.
Super-classes	GameScore^c
Sub-classes	GolfHolePar^c GolfEagle^c

Golfer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Golfer

Description

This is the collection of athletes who make their livings playing golf.

        In COSMO this is anyone playing Golf, not necessarily a pro.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golfer' in WordNet:
          1. (2) golfer, golf player, linksman - (someone who plays the game of golf)

Super-classes Athlete^c

Gonad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gonad`
Description	CYC: The collection of all gonads. A #$Gonad is a sexual #$Organ which produces #$HaploidCells. It is also a #$Hormone producing #$Gland, producing sex #$Steroids. A male #$Gonad is a #$Testicle (which produces #$SpermCells and #$Androgens such as #$Testosterone) and a female #$Gonad is an #$Ovary-AnimalBodyPart (which produces egg cells [#$Ovum] and the #$Steroids #$Estrogen and #$Progesterone). Hermaphroditic #$Animals have both types of #$Gonads. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gonad' in WordNet: 1. gonad, sex gland - (a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced)`
Super-classes	SexOrgan^c EndocrineGland^c
Sub-classes	Testicle^c Ovary^c

Gondola^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gondola`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gondola' in WordNet: 2. gondola - (long narrow flat-bottomed boat propelled by sculling; traditionally used on canals of Venice)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinObject^c Boat^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-bottomed^c

Gone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gone

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gone' in Wordnet:
        1. (12) away, gone, departed - (not present; having left;
           'he's away right now'; 'you must not allow a stranger 
           into the house when your mother is away'; 'everyone is gone now'; 
           'the departed guests')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Gong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gong

Description

A ''PercussionInstrument'' that consists of a metal plate, usually discoid, hung freely within a frame, that makes a deep resonant 'gong' sound when struck.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gong' in WordNet:
        1. gong, tam-tam - (a percussion instrument consisting of
          a metal plate that is struck with a softheaded drumstick)

Super-classes PercussionInstrument^c

Gonorrhea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gonorrhea

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gonorrhea' in WordNet:
        1. gonorrhea, gonorrhoea, clap - (a common venereal disease 
          caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms 
          are painful urination and pain around the urethra)

Super-classes VenerealDisease^c
BacterialInfection^c

Good^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Good`
Description	A very broad ''EvaluativeAttribute'' that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is beneficial for some purpose of some agent, and depends one the purpose against which it is judged. What is ''Good'' for some agent may be ''Bad'' for another (such as a competitor), or 'Bad'' for some other purpose of the agent (e.g. satisfying an appetitie may cause weight gain). The purposes may be those of the person doing the judging, or those of someone else or of some group. Each attribution of 'good' must have some purpose as the criterion of 'goodness', but tis ontology fdoes not require that that purpose be explicitly mentioned. 'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad' Things that are ''Goood' (for something) may be, for example, those that; satisfy an appetite satisfy a desire improve health increase wealth or property give pleasure satisfy an interest (as in doing certain types of Activities) Or provide increased ability to to desirable things, such as: Enable performing an acivity (Devices, Procedures and Methods) Increasing Knowledge Increasing physical strength. In English, 'good' is one of the most 'plastic' adjectives, varying in meaning depending not only on the thing modified, but the context and the speaker. To reduce this ambiguity in an ontology, the function that represents 'Good' will need to make some distinctions. Among the possible distinctions are whether the noun modified is: an artifact (a good car); a role (a good wife); a person (a good boy); a conceptual work (a good book); and others. Because of the speaker-dependence, some residual ambiguity in any use of 'good' is likely. See also Nirenberg and Raskin's 'Ontological Semantics' pp. 239-240 for related discussion. NOTE that the adjective 'good' is represented by the instance of Adjective 'ENG_good' There are many degrees of goodness, and the lesser degrees are not necessarily salient, so this is not a subtype of 'Salient'. This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'good in WordNet: 1. (190) good - (having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified; 'good news from the hospital'; 'a good report card'; 'when she was good she was very very good'; 'a good knife is one good for cutting'; 'this stump will make a good picnic table'; 'a good check'; 'a good joke'; 'a good exterior paint'; 'a good secretary'; 'a good dress for the office')
Super-classes	Positive^c GoodnessValue^c
Sub-classes	WellIntentioned^c Beneficial^c Clean^c Pleasant^c Extraordinary^c Exact^c Salubrious^c Precise^c Useful^c Tidy^c Preventative^c Just^c Vintage^c Attractive^c Competent^c Deserving^c Suitable^c Moral^c Wondrous^c Stately^c Skillful^c WorthyOfSomething^c Judicious^c Admirable^c Noble^c Salutary^c Better^c AheadInaCompetition^c Accurate^c Privileged^c Untidy^c Desirable^c Painless^c Sanitary^c Responsible^c VeryGood^c

GoodBye^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodBye

Description

Any instance of Speaking in which some form of 'good-bye', or 'farewell' is expressed. This is an Action in which words are spoken, not the abstract content of those words.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good-bye' in WordNet:
       1. (4) adieu, adios, arrivederci, auf wiedersehen, au revoir,
            bye, bye-bye, cheerio, good-by, goodby, good-bye, goodbye, 
            good day, sayonara, so long - (a farewell remark; 'they said their good-byes')

Super-classes Speaking^c

GoodCircumstances^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodCircumstances`
Description	''GoodCircumstances'' is a ''PersonalCircumstances'' that is ''Desirable'' and ''Welcome'',but is not (as the the WN synset labels might suggest) 'lucky' as being dependent on unusual good luck, nor is it necesarily exceptional - it could be due primarily to personal effort and ability. The WN synset uses terms that do not clearly make the distinction. This should be interpreted as being a situation without significant or unusual problems. A better situation is the subtype ''Well-Being''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good fortune' in WordNet: 1. (3) good fortune, luckiness, good luck - (an auspicious state resulting from favorable outcomes)`
Super-classes	SocialState^c PersonalCircumstances^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Welcome^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desirable^c
Sub-classes	Wellbeing^c Boon^c Success^c

GoodDeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodDeed`
Description	A ''GoodDeed'' is an Action performed by some Person for the benefit of others or ''GroupOfPeople'' that is considered (or would be considered, if known) by others as 'good' or virtuous or admirable. This is a Benefiting, but the thing benefitted could be the environment or animals rather than other people. `The plural 'good deeds' and 'good works' are included as labels to avoid unnecessarily instantiating a plural type. Can be added if needed,`
Super-classes	AnimateActivity^c SuccessfulAction^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or GroupOfPeople^c) hasAttributeValue^op value Admirable^c hasAttributeValue^op value Helpful^c

GoodExample^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodExample`
Description	A 'GoodExample' is an ''Example'' that has all or most of the most desirable characteristics of a thing that one might want to imitate, to achieve the same properties or functions. `NOTE: an even better example would be an ''Epitome''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good example' in WordNet: 1. (1) exemplar, example, model, good example - (something to be imitated; 'an exemplar of success'; 'a model of clarity'; 'he is the very model of a modern major general') 7. (1) model, example - (a representative form or pattern; 'I profited from his example')`
Super-classes	Example^c
Sub-classes	Template^c Embodiment^c NormativeExample^c Prototype^c

GoodHealth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodHealth`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good health' in WordNet: 1. (2) good health, healthiness - (the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease)`
Super-classes	Health^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value AilmentCondition^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Healthy^c

GoodJudgment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodJudgment`
Description	A 'GoodJudgment' is a subtype of trait 'Wiseness', the abilty to reach sound conclusions in various situations, social and otherwise. Thisis the AttributeValue of a 'Sage'. Perhaps social judgment should be distinguished? Includes senses 6 and 7 of 'judgment' and senses 1 and 2 of 'sagacity' in WordNet: 6. judgment, judgement, sound judgment, sound judgement, perspicacity - (the capacity to assess situations or circumstances shrewdly and to draw sound conclusions) WN noun 'sagacity': 1. sagacity, sagaciousness, judgment, judgement, discernment - (the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations) 2. judiciousness, sagacity, sagaciousness - (the trait of forming opinions by distinguishing and evaluating) WN noun 'judiciousness': 1. judiciousness - (good judgment)
Super-classes	Wiseness^c
Sub-classes	Objectivity^c Discreetness^c

GoodLighting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodLighting`
Description	''GoodLighting'' is a 'StateOfIllumination'' produced by natural or artifactual light sources. and sufficient for normal human activities. The outdoor light available between sunrise and sunset will usually satisfy this criterion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lighting' in WordNet: 1. (3) light, lighting - (having abundant light or illumination; 'they played as long as it was light'; 'as long as the lighting was good')`
Super-classes	StateOfIllumination^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some LightEmittingObject^c typicallyUsesDevice^op some LightingDevice^c

GoodLooking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodLooking`
Description	An attribute of a Person who is Attractive. Includes males and females NOTE in Cyc this is a type of object, which is a different way of expressing attributes than in COSMO. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pretty' and part of sense 1 of 'handsome' in WordNet: 1. (20) pretty - (pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing; 'pretty girl'; 'pretty song'; 'pretty room') WN 'handsome': 1. (7) fine-looking, good-looking, better-looking, handsome, well-favored, well-favoured - (pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion; 'a fine-looking woman'; 'a good-looking man'; 'better-looking than her sister'; 'very pretty but not so extraordinarily handsome'- Thackeray; 'our southern women are well-favored'- Lillian Hellman)
Super-classes	Attractive^c
Sub-classes	StunninglyBeautiful^c Voluptuous^c

GoodLuck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodLuck

Description

'GoodLuck' is one or more 'RandomEvents' that were favorable for some agent, for whom it is 'good luck'. The same event as could be 'bad luck' for other agent(s). This may be the most common sense of 'good luck'

      This is close to part of the meaning of sense 3 of 'fortune'
       and sense 3 of 'luck' 
       (this is for random events; for luck personified use
       'Fortune-Chance')
      WN noun 'fortune':
                in WordNet:
        3. (2) luck, fortune - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that 
           leads to a favorable outcome; 'it was my good luck to be there'; 
           'they say luck is a lady'; 'it was as if fortune guided his hand')

Super-classes Luck^c
GoodThing^c

GoodLuckCharm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodLuckCharm`
Description	A 'GoodLuckCharm' is a SmallObject that a Person may place near to where s/he or some loved one spends time, or may carry around in the belief that it will bring 'GoodLuck'. This takes different forms with different myths associated, in different cultures. It ca be an artifact or a natural object. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'charm' and sense 1 of 'good luck charm' in WordNet: 3. (1) charm, good luck charm - (something believed to bring good luck)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c MagicalThing^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharmsCauseLuck^c
Sub-classes	Dreamcatcher^c

GoodLuckEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodLuckEvent`
Description	Any Event involving random or unpredictable chances that causes good things (''GoodLuck'') for some Animal (usually a Person). If the good things are due mostly to diligent action by a person, even if there is some minor element of luck, the event in which the good things happen it is not considered an instance of this type. `@ToDo: should be unexpected - probability less than 0.5. 'expected' is not yet represented v761 Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'luck' in WordNet: 3. (2) luck, fortune - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome; 'it was my good luck to be there'; 'they say luck is a lady'; 'it was as if fortune guided his hand')`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c DesirableEvent^c GoodThing^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some RandomEvent^c causes^op value Pleasure^c mayBeAffectedBy^op value Fortune-Chance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lucky^c causes^op value GoodLuck^c
Sub-classes	Windfall^c FlukeOfLuck^c

GoodMood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodMood`
Description	''GoodMood'' is a form of ''Satisfaction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good humor' in WordNet: 1. (3) good humor, good humour, good temper, amiability - (a cheerful and agreeable mood)`
Super-classes	Mood^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Satisfaction^c

GoodReputation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodReputation`
Description	'GoodReputation' is a SocialState (a PersistentState) of 'BeingRecognized' in which the recognition is ''Positive'' or beneficial to the one with that ''GoodReputation'', or is pleasing to the one with that reputation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reputation' in WordNet: 1. (5) repute, reputation - (the state of being held in high esteem and honor)`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c BeingRecognized^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Esteemed^c
Sub-classes	Prestige^c Eminence^c

GoodTaste^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodTaste

Description

''GoodTaste'' is a ''TasteInThings'' that is approved by (considered 'good') by a community of significant size. Particularly applies to art and style (as in clothing) or other things having aesthetic qualities.. Things that are aproved by a Person with this trait are considered as 'tasteful'.

     This is for a preference for things to look at or use; for good taste in
     actions, see ''Tact''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taste' in WordNet:
         3. (3) taste, appreciation, discernment, perceptiveness - 
          (delicate discrimination (especially of aesthetic values); 
          'arrogance and lack of taste contributed to his rapid success'; 
          'to ask at that particular time was the ultimate in bad taste')

Super-classes TasteInThings^c
GoodThing^c

GoodThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodThing`
Description	A GoodThing is a generic class that can be used to label certain types of objects or situations as desirable (for some individal or type of 'agent'), and therefore something to pay attention to, and perhaps to try to obtain or try to do or get done. Among the ''GoodThing''s are those that cause Pleasure without necessary counter balancing side effects. `NOTE: In competition situations something good for one agent may be bad for another, so for individual ''GoodTHing''s the agent(s) benefitted should be specified.`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Good^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desirable^c isGoodFor^op only (AgentType^c or GenericAgent^c)
Sub-classes	IdealThing^c EconomicExpansion^c TrainingAnAgent^c ImmunityFromLegalPunishment^c UsefulSource^c UsefulThing^c Recognition^c PleasantThing^c Benefiting^c MakingaTwoAgentAgreement^c Companionship^c CreditSituation^c ExcellentThing^c GoodLuckEvent^c Amnesty^c Romance^c ThrivingEvent^c GamePoints^c Luck^c DesirableEvent^c GoodLuck^c Reward^c WinningaContest^c GoodTaste^c Incentive^c Benefit^c SuccessfulAction^c PromotingSomeone^c
In domain of	isGoodFor^op

GoodTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodTime`
Description	A ''GoodTime'' is a particularly pleasurable Experience, causing the Feeling of ''"Merriment"''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good time' in WordNet: 1. good time, blast - (a highly pleasurable or exciting experience; 'we had a good time at the party'; 'celebrating after the game was a blast')`
Super-classes	Enjoying^c PersistingEvent^c Experience^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Merriment^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c

GoodWill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodWill`
Description	Emotion manifested by interest in another person (or, more rarely, in some nonhuman agent), good will towards that individual, and an inclination to favor him or her (or it). This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. `Business 'Goodwill' as an asset is a subtype ''BusinessGoodWill''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'goodwill' in Wordnet: 3. grace, good will, goodwill - (a disposition to kindness and compassion; 'the victor's grace in treating the vanquished')`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Liking^c BusinessGoodWill^c

Goodies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goodies`
Description	''Goodies'' is some ObjectGroup consisting of mutiple ''TreatObject''s, without specifying the type of ''TreatObject''s included. This may be used collectively rather than to specify some specific Group of ''TreatObject''s.
Super-classes	Role^c PleasantThing^c

Goodness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goodness`
Description	'Goodness' is a generic ''AttributeType'' that categorizes the ways that things can be 'Good'. `''Goodness'' is an attribute that causes pleasant feelings in people who observe the attractive thing, and is therefore highly subjective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goodness' in WordNet: 1. (7) good, goodness - (that which is pleasing or valuable or useful; 'weigh the good against the bad'; 'among the highest goods of all are happiness and self-realization')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Sub-classes	Responsibleness^c Attractiveness^c Holiness^c Fruitfulness^c Pleasantness^c Virtue^c Excellence^c

GoodnessValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoodnessValue`
Description	Each subtype of 'GoodnessValue' is an EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment regarding the degree to which the thing evaluated is beneficial for the purposes against which it is judged. NOTE: the subtypes here might be instances of 'quality' (i.e. 'GoodnessValue' could be a subtype of 'IntensiveAttributeValueType'), but are generally so vague they may have subtypes and are treated as classes. The subtypes are ranked from most good to least good, with some overlap as: 'TheBest' 'Outstanding' 'Excellent' 'VeryGood' 'Good' 'Fair' 'So-so' 'Mediocre' 'Bad' 'VeryBad' 'Execrable' 'TheWorst' There are many degrees of goodness, and the lesser degrees are not necessarily salient, so this is not a subtype of 'Salient'. This approximately coresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quality' in WordNet; the noun 'goodness' does not have any synset with this meaning in WordNet: 2. (16) quality, caliber, calibre - (a degree or grade of excellence or worth; 'the quality of students has risen'; 'an executive of low caliber')
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c OrderedAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Mediocre^c Superior^c Bad^c Outstanding^c TheWorst^c Superb^c Fair^c Neutral^c Good^c Superlative^c Satisfactory^c TheBest^c So-so^c

Goof-off^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goof-off

Description

A ''Goof-off'' is habitual ''Idler''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goof-off' in WordNet:
         1. goldbrick, goof-off, ne'er-do-well, good-for-nothing,
            no-account, good-for-naught - (an idle worthless person)

Super-classes Idler^c

Goofy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goofy

Description

'Silly' is a subtype of 'Foolish' characterizing behaviors that are not likely to accomplish useful results, but are of little consequence. However, if a visibly ridiculous behavior is performed with the intention of amusing people, it would be characterized as ''Clownish''.

    This can also be applied to ideas or to people who act in mildly irrational
       or unproductive ways.

      Corresponds to part of adjective noun sense 1 of 'silly' in WordNet;
        the sense indicating appearance (a goofy hat) is not included:  in WordNet:
         1. (8) cockamamie, cockamamy, goofy, sappy, silly, wacky, 
           whacky, zany - - (ludicrous, foolish; 'gave me a cockamamie
           reason for not going'; 'wore a goofy hat'; 'a silly idea';
           'some wacky plan for selling more books')

Super-classes Foolish^c

Googling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Googling`
Description	''Googling'' is a type of Research that is performed on the Internet, using the Google web site with a web browser. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'google' in WordNet: 1. google - (search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine; 'He googled the woman he had met at the party'; 'My children are googling all day')`
Super-classes	Research^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Information^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c

Gook^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gook

Description

Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.41).

      Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'gook' in WordNet:
        1. sludge, slime, goo, gook, guck, gunk, muck, ooze - (any thick messy substance)

Super-classes SubstanceRole^c
SemiSolidSubstance^c

Goose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goose`
Description	The animal known as a Goose. Called 'Goose-Bird' in Cyc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goose' in WordNet: 1. (3) goose - (web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks)`
Super-classes	Waterfowl^c
Sub-classes	CanadaGoose^c Gander^c

GooseHonk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GooseHonk`
Description	This is the honk of a goose, not a road vehicle. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'honk' (from a goose, not from a vehicle) in WordNet: 1. honk - (the cry of a goose (or any sound resembling this))`
Super-classes	AnimalSound^c AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value GooseHonking^c isEmittedBy^op value Goose^c

GooseHonking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GooseHonking`
Description	Each ''GooseHonking'' is an Event in which a ''GooseHonk'' sound is emitted by a ''Goose''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'honk' in WordNet: 3. honk, cronk - (cry like a goose; 'The geese were honking')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value GooseHonk^c

GooseStepping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GooseStepping`
Description	''GooseStepping'' is a form of 'Marching' performed by military groups in a Parade, in which the legs are lifted up while straight and stiff It is physically taxing, and is usually done only for short distances, as when parading past a reviewng stand. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'goose step' in WordNet: 1. goose step - (march in a military fashion)`
Super-classes	Marching^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MilitaryUnit^c occursDuring^op value ParadeEvent^c

Gorge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gorge`
Description	a narrow, steep-walled passage. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gorge' in WordNet: 1. gorge - (a deep ravine (usually with a river running through it))`
Super-classes	Ravine^c Crevice-Topographical^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrandCanyon

Gorgeous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gorgeous`
Description	''Gorgeous'' is a high intensity of 'Beautiful' broadly applied to various types of things. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gorgeous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gorgeous - (dazzlingly beautiful; 'a gorgeous Victorian gown')`
Super-classes	Beautiful^c
Sub-classes	StunninglyBeautiful^c

Gorilla^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gorilla`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gorilla' in WordNet: 1. gorilla, Gorilla gorilla - (largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa)`
Super-classes	GreatApe^c

Goring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goring`
Description	The action in which a horned animal thrusts its horn(s) into another animal, thereby injuring it. `This is narrower than WN verb sense 1 of 'gore', being specific for 'goring' by a horned anuimal - usually a bovine such as a 'bull', but rhinos ('nose horn') and elephants (tusk = horn?) and narwhales should be included. in WordNet: 1. (1) gore - (wound by piercing with a sharp or penetrating object or instrument)`
Super-classes	PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO^c Wounding^c Charging-Rushing^c
Restrictions	causes^op value IncurringAnInjury^c hadAgentHarmed^op some AnimalType^c usedBodyPart^op value Horn^c

Gosh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gosh`
Description	A suddenly emitted word expressing surprise, usually when learning of something unexpected.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Surprise^c

Gospel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gospel`
Description	A ''Gospel'' is the abstract content of any of the first four books of the New Testament. The individual Gospels (Metthew Mark Luke or John) would be subtypes. This type can be used to include any or all of those four books. One of the 'gospel's not included in the traditional canon might also be subtypes. To be determined. RHW: 2. the story of Christ's life and teachings, esp. as contained in the first four books of the New Testament, namely Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. 3. (usually cap.) any of these four books. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gospel' in WordNet: 1. (7) Gospel, Gospels, evangel - (the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings)
Super-classes	Scripture^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value NewTestament^c isSacredTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christianity^c isSacredTo^op value ChristianGroup^c

Gossip^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gossip

Description

A ''Gossip'' is a form of ''Rumor'' that is is spread person-to person, whether orally or in any other medium such as electronic social media.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gossip' in WordNet:
         2. (2) gossip, comment, scuttlebutt - (a report (often malicious) about
         the behavior of other people; 'the divorce caused much gossip')

Super-classes Rumor^c

Gossiper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gossiper`
Description	A ''Gossiper'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who tends to perform ''Gossipping''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gossiper' in WordNet: 1. gossip, gossiper, gossipmonger, rumormonger, rumourmonger, newsmonger - (a person given to gossiping and divulging personal information about others)`
Super-classes	Informant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Gossipping^c
Sub-classes	Blabbermouth^c

Gossipping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gossipping`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gossip' in WordNet: 1. dish the dirt, gossip - (wag one's tongue; speak about others and reveal secrets or intimacies; 'She won't dish the dirt')`
Super-classes	Talking^c DisclosingaSecret^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Gossiper^c

Gothic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gothic

Description

''Gothic'' pertains to the ancient Goths and their language.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Gothic' in Wordnet:
         2. Gothic - (of or relating to the language of the ancient Goths; 
            'the Gothic Bible translation')
        3. Gothic - (of or relating to the Goths; 'Gothic migrations')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

GothicFont^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GothicFont

Description

Each ''GothicFont'' is a ''TypeFont'' (of any size or variant) containing a group of abstract represeentations of printable characters of the font style called 'Gothic'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gothic' in WordNet:
      2. Gothic, black letter - (a heavy typeface in use from 15th to 18th centuries)

Super-classes TypeFont^c

Gourd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gourd`
Description	An Individual gourd, the fruit of a ''GourdPlant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gourd' in Wordnet: 2. gourd - (any of numerous inedible fruits with hard rinds)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value GourdPlant^c

GourdBottle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GourdBottle`
Description	A container made from the shell of a type of ''Gourd''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gourd' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gourd, calabash - (bottle made from the dried shell of a bottle gourd)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c LiquidContainer^c HollowObject^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BottleGourd^c

GourdOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GourdOrder`
Description	This is here to align with CYC, but its use is unclear. More direct is the subtype ''GourdPlant''. `In RHW 'gourds' are a family, the 'gourd family'; thus: RHW 'the plant family Cucurbitaceae, characterized by tendril-bearing vines, either trailing or climbing and having alternate, palmately lobed leaves, often large yellow or greenish flowers, and many-seeded, fleshy fruit with a hard rind, and including the cucumber, gourd, melon, pumpkin, and squash.'`
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	GourdPlant^c

GourdPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GourdPlant`
Description	Individual gourd plants. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'gourd' in WordNet: 3. gourd, gourd vine - (any vine of the family Cucurbitaceae that bears fruits with hard rinds)`
Super-classes	GourdOrder^c Vegetable-Plant^c Vine^c CropPlant^c
Sub-classes	ZucchiniPlant^c BottleGourd^c SquashPlant^c MelonPlant^c

Gourmet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gourmet`
Description	A ''Gourmet'' is a ''Connoisseur'' with deep appreciation of food and discrimination about nuances of taste. CYC: This is the collection of people who have specialized knowledge about food together with a particular enthusiasm for fine dining. The English term is most often used as an adjective. Initially this was incorrect, but it has become so common that it is now acceptable usage. (See #$Gourmet-Attribute). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gourmet' in WordNet: 1. (2) epicure, gourmet, gastronome, bon vivant, epicurean, foodie - (a person devoted to refined sensuous enjoyment (especially good food and drink))
Super-classes	Connoisseur^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Food^c enjoys^op value Dining^c

Gout^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gout

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gout' in WordNet:
        1. (1) gout, gouty arthritis, urarthritis - 
           (a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot 
             caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in 
             deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints)

Super-classes Arthritis^c

GovermentControlled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovermentControlled

Description

''GovermentControlled'' is the AttributeValue of an Organization, ''GeographicalRegion'', or ''Action'' that is ''Controlled'' by some 'Government'.

      'state-run' can be used to describe Actions or Organizations that are
        managed (''Controlled'') by some Government.

     No WN sense found.

Super-classes Controlled^c

Governing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Governing`
Description	'Governing' is a Group of Actions that is performed by a Government - whether that Government be a monarchy, dictatorship, or democratically elected. It consists of both PersuadingToAct and DissuadingFromAction (via legislation, edicts, or regulations). Supervising (the actions of the executive branch), and punishing failures to adhere to the rules via some judicial process. `The closest WordNet synset is verb sense 3 of 'Govern' and sense 1 of 'rule': in WordNet: 3. (3) govern, rule - (exercise authority over; as of nations; 'Who is governing the country now?') WN noun 'governing': 1. government, governing, governance, government activity - (the act of governing; exercising authority; 'regulations for the governing of state prisons'; 'he had considerable experience of government')`
Super-classes	HumanGroupActivity^c InfluencingAnAgent^c AdministrationOfAnOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Supervising^c hasComponentElement^op value LegalJudgment^c hasComponentElement^op value Legislating^c hasAbstractRepresentation^op value FormOfGovernment^c hasComponentElement^op value Convincing-CommunicationAct^c
Sub-classes	GoverningaCountry^c

GoverningAsaDictator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoverningAsaDictator`
Description	'GoverningAsaDictator'' is a ''GoverningaCountry'' that is performed by a ''Dictator''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dictate' in WordNet: 3. dictate - (rule as a dictator)`
Super-classes	GoverningaCountry^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Dictator^c

GoverningaCountry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoverningaCountry`
Description	''GoverningaCountry'' is a ''Governing'' of a Country that is performed by a specific Government - whether that Government be a monarchy, dictatorship, or democratically elected. `The instance of ''Government'' can be referred to by the leader's name, e.g. 'ObamaAdministration' This type of governing is what is terminated in a ''Revolution'' - but is more commonly terminated by some legal form of change of government. The closest WordNet synset is verb sense 3 of 'Govern' and sense 1 of 'rule': in WordNet: 3. (3) govern, rule - (exercise authority over; as of nations; 'Who is governing the country now?')`
Super-classes	Governing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some CountryGovernment^c hasComponentElement^op value LegalJudgment^c
Sub-classes	GoverningAsaDictator^c ReigningAsaSovereign^c

Government^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Government`
Description	The ruling body of a ''GeopoliticalEntity'', a subtype of Organization. `Relates to ''GeopoliticalEntity''s by ''isTheGovernmentOf'' and inverse ''hasGovernment'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'government' in WordNet: 1. (504) government, authorities, regime - (the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit; 'the government reduced taxes'; 'the matter was referred to higher authorities')`
Super-classes	GovernmentalAuthority^c Polity^c
Sub-classes	CityGovernment^c USA_State^c CountryGovernment^c GeopoliticalEntity^c
In range of	hasGovernment^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfNewJersey http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreatBritain http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfIndia

GovernmentAdministrator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentAdministrator`
Description	`@ToDo: need some relation to describe administrative ambit - ?? hasAdministrativeDomain Organization Action GenericLocation LocationType ??? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'administrator' in WordNet: 3. administrator, executive - (someone who manages a government agency or department)`
Super-classes	Administrator^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value GovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	SecretaryGeneral^c

GovernmentAgency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentAgency`
Description	A specialization of #$GovernmentalOrganization. Each instance of #$GovernmentAgency is a sub-organization (see the predicate #$subOrganizations) of an organization within the executive branch of some government. Instances of #$GovernmentAgency include #$DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency and #$BureauOfAlcoholTobaccoAndFirearms. `Executive Departments are not GovernmentAgency's. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agency' in WordNet: 1. (21) agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, office, authority - (an administrative unit of government; 'the Central Intelligence Agency'; 'the Census Bureau'; 'Office of Management and Budget'; 'Tennessee Valley Authority')`
Super-classes	ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	CentralBank^c Court-Judicial^c

GovernmentBureaucracy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentBureaucracy`
Description	The ''Bureaucracy'' in a Government are the ''Appointed'' (nonelective) ''GovernmentOfficials'. `Fo the sense of ?is WN 'bureaucratism' appropriate here?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bureaucracy' in WordNet: 1. (6) bureaucracy, bureaucratism - (nonelective government officials)`
Super-classes	Bureaucracy^c
Restrictions	hasAssociatedAgent^op value GovernmentOfficials^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Appointed^c

GovernmentDepartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentDepartment`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'government department' in WordNet: 1. government department - (a department of government)`
Super-classes	ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization^c Department^c
Sub-classes	DepartmentOfTheUS_Government^c DepartmentOfJustice^c

GovernmentEmployee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentEmployee`
Description	A specialization of #$PublicSectorEmployee. Each instance of #$GovernmentEmployee is a person employed by some government. The government in question may be the government of any instance of #$GeopoliticalEntity, including a city, county, province, or nation-state. `NOTE not every person classified in COSMO as a 'GovernmentEmployee' is necessarily an Employee in the strict sense, as elected politicians and heads of state may not be 'employees' in the business sense.`
Super-classes	Employee^c PersonWithOccupation^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op some Government^c
Sub-classes	Coroner^c PublicOfficial^c LawEnforcementAgent^c TrustingAgent^c NationalGovernmentEmployee^c Bureaucrat^c LawEnforcementOfficer^c

GovernmentMilitaryOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentMilitaryOrganization`
Description	A specialization of both #$MilitaryOrganization and #$LegalGovernmentOrganization. Each instance of #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganization is a military organization belonging to, and directed by, the governing body of a geographical region or international organization. The governing body in question may be a national government, a state or provincial government, or an international governing body such as the #$UnitedNationsOrganization. Important specializations of this collection include #$Army-BranchOfService, #$Navy, and #$AirForce. This collection excludes private armies and mercenary forces.
Super-classes	LegalGovernmentOrganization^c MilitaryOrganization^c ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Reserves-ArmedForces^c BranchOfMilitaryService^c

GovernmentMinister^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentMinister

Description

A CabinetOfficer in countries where the heads of departments are called 'minister', rather than 'secretary'or some other title.

    Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'minister' in WordNet:
      2. minister, government minister - (a person appointed to 
          a high office in the government; "Minister of Finance")
      4. minister - (the job of a head of a government department)

Super-classes CabinetOfficer^c

GovernmentOfficials^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfficials`
Description	A ''GovernmentOfficials'' is subtype of ''Administration'' that works for a ''Government''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'government officials' in WordNet: 1. government officials, officialdom - (people elected or appointed to administer a government)`
Super-classes	Administration^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op some Government^c

GovernmentOverthrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOverthrow`
Description	A ''GovernmentOverthrow'' is a ''PrematureTermination'' of some government or rers reign by those governed, using methods (not necessarily violent) not permitted by that government's laws (and therefore 'Illegal'). There may be debate about whether overthrow of a government that is itself illegally empowered would be ''illegal'', but this term is used to refer to whatever laws are promulgate by the ruling government at the time. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overthrow' and sense 1 of 'coup' in WordNet: 1. (1) overthrow - (the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)) WN noun 'coup': 1. (1) coup d'etat, coup, putsch, takeover - (a sudden and decisive change of government illegally or by force)`
Super-classes	PrematureTermination^c HumanGroupActivity^c Substitution^c OustingFromaPosition^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op value GoverningaCountry^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Illegal^c isPerformedBy^op some CoupPlotters^c

GovernmentProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentProgram`
Description	A ''GovernmentProgram'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' created by some government `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'program' in WordNet: 1. (543) program, programme - (a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need; 'he proposed an elaborate program of public works'; 'working mothers rely on the day care program')`
Super-classes	SystemOfRules^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op value GovernmentDepartment^c

Governmental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Governmental

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'governmental' in Wordnet:
        1. (9) governmental - (of or relating to the governing authorities; 
        'the core of a governmental system';  'public confidence and governmental morale')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial`
Description	CYC: The collection of all members of any #$GovernmentalAdministration. They are normally in appointed positions, whether or not their appointment has to be ratified by a legislative body. Their positions are normally policy-making, high level policy-implementation, or advisory positions. They are very likely to loose their position as a #$GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial upon a change in administration, especially if there is a party change.
Super-classes	PublicOfficial^c
Sub-classes	CabinetOfficer^c

GovernmentalAuthority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentalAuthority`
Description	''GovernmentalAuthority'' is a generic type created to allow reference to both ''Government''s as a whole as well as ''GovernmentalOrganization''s, so as to allow assertions about governments and their branches that create and implement ''PublicPolicy''s. This includes the ''Organization'' that is implied in a ''Monarchy'', but is distinct from the Person who is the monarch. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'authority' (for governments and their suborganizations) in WordNet: 2. (6) authority - ((usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others; 'the authorities have issued a curfew')`
Super-classes	Authority^c Employer^c Organization^c SocialBeing^c
Sub-classes	Government^c GeopoliticalEntity^c GovernmentalOrganization^c

GovernmentalBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentalBuilding`
Description	Buildings which are intended to house governments or parts of governments - state capitols, courthouses, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'government building' in WordNet: 1. government building - (a building that houses a branch of government)`
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op some Government^c
Sub-classes	Courthouse^c Firehouse^c DiplomaticBuilding^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePentagon

GovernmentalCommune^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentalCommune

Description

A ''GovernmentalCommune'' is a small administrative district in certain larger jurisdictions.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commune' in WordNet:
         1. (5) commune - (the smallest administrative district of several European countries)

Super-classes AssemblageOfPeople^c

GovernmentalOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentalOrganization`
Description	$GovernmentalOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$GovernmentalOrganization is an organization that is governmental, either departments of one particular government (e.g., the #$FederalCommunicationsCommission) or confederations or cooperative groups consisting of different governments or representatives from a number of different governments (e.g., #$OPEC). Because instances of #$GovernmentalOrganization cannot properly be said to have owners (rather, they have members), they are not instances of #$CommercialOrganization, and, hence, the two collections, #$GovernmentalOrganization and #$CommercialOrganization, are disjoint.
Super-classes	GovernmentalAuthority^c Employer^c SocialBeing^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op value Government^c
Sub-classes	LegalGovernmentOrganization^c LegislativeOrganization^c LawEnforcementOrganization^c Court-Judicial^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#US_PostOffice http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesCopyrightOffice

GovernmentalPolicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentalPolicy`
Description	A ''GovernmentalPolicy'' is a ''PoliticalPolicy'' that has been adopted by some ''Government'', a subtype of a ''PoliticalPolicy'' that has been proposed. NOTE: the WN term 'social policy' seems to be the closest to the concept represented here,but the WN term may not be intended to be restricted to govermental polices. If other references to 'social policy' are found that are not created or implemented by a ''GovernmentalAuthority'', that would require a different type to be created. Perhaps NGO policies?? Corresponds approximately (see above) to noun sense 1 of 'social policy' in WordNet: 1. social policy - (a policy of for dealing with social issues)
Super-classes	PoliticalPolicy^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op only GovernmentalAuthority^c

GovernmentalService^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentalService`
Description	A ''GovernmentalService'' is any Action or group of actions taken by any ''GovernmentalAuthority'' (includes a ''Government'' and ''GovernmentalOrganization''), usually motivated by performing some service for the population governed. `No WN sense for this.`
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GovernmentalAuthority^c hadBeneficiary^op value Citizenry^c

GovernorOccupation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernorOccupation`
Description	''GovernorOccupation'' is the ''Occupation'' of ''StateGovernor''.
Super-classes	Occupation^c

Gown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gown`
Description	A ''Gown'' is a ''Dress'' with a ''LongSkirtBottom'' that is intended to be dressy and is often worn on formal occasions. `CYC: A piece of clothing, generally full-length Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gown' in WordNet: 1. (5) gown - (a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions)`
Super-classes	FormalWear^c Dress^c OuterGarment^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value LongSkirtBottom^c
Sub-classes	Kimono^c

Grabbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grabbing`
Description	''Grabbing'' is a more general type of grasping, including ''GrabbingWithTheHand'' but also including any kind of grabbing or seizing that an animal may do with claw, tenacle or mouth, or that a Person might do with the hands or with some Device controlled by the hand(s). . This is for getting control of PhysicalObjects. What an animal must do before one 'holds' something - in the hand, claw, or jaw. Includes sense 1 of 'grasp' in RHW: 1. to seize and hold by or as if by clasping with the fingers or arms. NOTE however that WordNet has no sense of 'grasp' with the same meaning. NOTE that no sense of 'Grasp' in WN corresponds tothis initiating action. Includes verb sense 1 of 'grab' and verb sense 1 of 'pick up' and part of sense 1 of 'seize'(performed by a hand, not by beak or claw) and verb sense 4 of 'take' in WordNet: 1. (27) catch, grab, take hold of - - (take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of; 'Catch the ball!'; 'Grab the elevator door!') WN verb 'seize': 1. (13) seize, prehend, clutch - - (take hold of; grab; 'The sales clerk quickly seized the money on the counter'; 'She clutched her purse'; 'The mother seized her child by the arm'; 'Birds of prey often seize small mammals') WN verb 'pick up': 2. (19) pick up - (take up by hand; 'He picked up the book and started to read')
Super-classes	PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c HandlingAnObject^c
Restrictions	starts^op value HoldingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	GrabbingOntoWithHand^c Snatching^c GrippingWithHands^c Seizing^c

GrabbingOntoWithHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrabbingOntoWithHand`
Description	COSMO note: the parent ''Grabbing'' is similar but not restricted to the use of a human hand - any kind of seizing by any animal with hands is represented by ''Grabbing'' and this type restricts the action to the use of the ''Hand''. A ''GrabbingOntoWithHand'' is not necessarily a grabbing of a small object that can be moved and transported by hand, but includes grabbing firmly fixed objects like the overhead straps or pole on a bus, done to prevent falling from acceleration forces, or grabbing some kind or ''Pull'' (e.g. a doorknob or drawer knob) to open a door or drawer. This includes both the act of moving the hand into a position to hold something, and beginning to hold it. This action can be done slowly as well as quickly, and the implication of rapid action in words like 'grab' or ;seize' is not necessarily required for this action. Each 'GrabbingOntoWithHand' Action is the starting event of some 'HoldingWithHand', as specified in the restriction. Therefore 'HoldingWithHand' and 'Grasping' are not subtypes @rev1263 NOTE: for simplicity the act of an animal that seizes something with a claw or the mouth is included in this type, but may be represented separately if needed. Cyc: What one must do before one holds something with a hand. Since a holding implies a grabbing, it is not necessary to state for example, that both grabbing and holding are #$subEvents of a turning a door handle event. One need only state that e.g. a holding is happening and this will imply that a grabbing preceeded the holding. Includes sense 1 of 'grasp' in RHW: 1. to seize and hold by or as if by clasping with the fingers or arms. NOTE however that WordNet has no sense of 'grasp' with the same meaning. NOTE that no sense of 'Grasp' in WN corresponds tothis initiating action. Includes verb sense 1 of 'grab' and verb sense 1 of 'pick up' and part of sense 1 of 'seize'(performed by a hand, not by beak or claw) and verb sense 4 of 'take' in WordNet: 1. (27) catch, grab, take hold of - - (take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of; 'Catch the ball!'; 'Grab the elevator door!') WN verb 'seize': 1. (13) seize, prehend, clutch - - (take hold of; grab; 'The sales clerk quickly seized the money on the counter'; 'She clutched her purse'; 'The mother seized her child by the arm'; 'Birds of prey often seize small mammals') WN verb 'pick up': 2. (19) pick up - (take up by hand; 'He picked up the book and started to read')
Super-classes	Grabbing^c UsingTheHand^c ArmMovement^c TakingSomethingPhysical^c
Restrictions	starts^op value HoldingWithHand^c
Sub-classes	CatchingWithHands^c FootballInterception^c

Graben^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graben`
Description	A ''Graben'' is a geological ''Crevice'' between two faults. NOTE that a ''RiftValley'' is a subtype, being a large ''Graben''. `RHW noun 'graben': a portion of the earth's crust, bounded on at least two sides by faults, that has dropped downward in relation to adjacent portions. Also called rift valley. Cf. horst.`
Super-classes	Crevice^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value TwoParallelFaults^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lowered^c
Sub-classes	RiftValley^c

Graceful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graceful`
Description	''Graceful'' is an attribute of animals (including people) or actions, characterizing the manner in which an animal may perform actions, specifically that the actions appear eficient, smooth, and pleasant to see. For animals, this includes the shape and manner of moving. `RHW: characterized by elegance or beauty of form, manner, movement, or speech; elegant: a graceful dancer; a graceful reply. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'graceful' in Wordnet: 1. (2) graceful - (characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Agile^c

Gracefully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gracefully

Description

''Gracefully'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Actions that are ''Graceful''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gracefully' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) gracefully - (in a graceful manner; 'she swooped gracefully')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Gracefulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gracefulness`
Description	''Gracefulness'' is a dynamic ''BodyBearing'' specifying that the body is moving or the animal often moves in a manner that appears 'graceful' and fluid (rather than jerky or uncoordinated), meaning it is 'beautiful' (Pleasant to watch). Also referred to a 'grace' or 'gracility'. This can come in degrees and subtypes depending on the animal. `LDOCE 'grace' def. 1: a smooth way of moving that looks natural, relaxed, and attractive [= gracefulness]: 'Lena moved with the grace of a dancer'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gracefulness' in WordNet: 1. gracefulness - (beautiful carriage) WN noun 'grace': 2. (4) grace, gracility - (elegance and beauty of movement or expression) WN 'gracefulness': 1. gracefulness - (beautiful carriage)`
Super-classes	BodyBearing^c
Sub-classes	Agility^c

Grackle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grackle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grackle' in WordNet: 2. grackle, crow blackbird - (long-tailed American blackbird having iridescent black plumage)`
Super-classes	Blackbird^c
Sub-classes	NorthernOriole^c

Grade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grade`
Description	This ''Grade'' is a general 'grade' given as a result of a ''Grading'' Action. The 'grades' given and obtained after taking examonations or taking a course of study are represented by the subtypes ''TestScore'' and ''CourseGrade''. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'grade' in WordNet: 6. mark, grade, score - (a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance); 'she made good marks in algebra'; 'grade A milk'; 'what was your score on your homework?')`
Super-classes	Evaluation^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some Grading^c
Sub-classes	CourseGrade^c AverageCourseGrade^c

Gradient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gradient`
Description	A 'Gradient' is a ''Group'' of linearly ordered ''Change''s (each is a subtype of 'Difference', an OrderedPair) that typically rise or fall monotonically, but that is not a restriction. Each ''Change in this Group is a Quantity that measures the difference between one element and the following element. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gradient' in WordNet: 1. (15) gradient - (a graded change in the magnitude of some physical quantity or dimension)`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Change^c

Grading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grading`
Description	''Grading'' is a specialization of 'Evaluating' in which some agent assigns a numerical or linguistic ''Grade'' to the thing that was evaluated. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'grade' in WordNet: 3. grade, score, mark - (assign a grade or rank to, according to one's evaluation; 'grade tests'; 'score the SAT essays'; 'mark homework')`
Super-classes	Evaluating^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Grade^c wasCreatedByEvent^op some Grading^c

GradingMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GradingMachine`
Description	A '''GradingMachine''' is a ''Device'' (an ArtifactObject) that is powered by an engine, and has a blade that can scrape material off the surface of the ground to prepare it for some purpose - building a road, constructing a structure, or shaping the surface for agriculture or recreation. `No WN sense. RHW`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GradingaLandArea^c

GradingScoolWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GradingScoolWork`
Description	''GradingScoolWork'' is the action of someone (a teacher or other person, or an automatic grading device) giving a grade or score to some test, homework, essay, or other product of a pupil's efforts to determine how much of the topic that student has learned. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'grade' in WordNet: 3. grade, score, mark - (assign a grade or rank to, according to one's evaluation; 'grade tests'; 'score the SAT essays'; "mark homework")`
Super-classes	AssessingTheValueOfSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value TestScore^c typicallyFollows^op value TakingAnExam^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Student^c

GradingaLandArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GradingaLandArea`
Description	''GradingaLandArea'' is a ''RemovingaGroundSurface'' in which the Ground surface is changed by removing some material in order to make the surface ''Flat'' - more level or smoother. `RHW 'grade': 20. to reduce to a level or to practicable degrees of inclination: to grade a road. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'grade' in WordNet: 2. grade - (level to the right gradient)`
Super-classes	RemovingaGroundSurface^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Ground^c

Gradual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gradual`
Description	'Gradual' is an attribute of Events that occur over some perceptible period of time, having at least three stages in which the difference between the initial and final states gets larger. The linguistic term 'gradual' is contrasted with 'sudden', but may also be used in a relative sense, characterizing instances of Event that occur more slowly than is typical for that type of event. Erosion and corrosion would be examples of Events that are inherently 'Gradual', even if 'rapid'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gradual' in WordNet: 1. (7) gradual - (proceeding in small stages; 'a gradual increase in prices')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Stepwise^c

Gradually^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gradually

Description

''Gradually'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the rate of action in the Event is lower than it might be, and the process poceeds by incremental steps.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gradually' in WordNet:
          1. (24) gradually, bit by bit, step by step - (in a gradual manner;
          'the snake moved gradually toward its victim')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Graduate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graduate`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who have graduated from some educational institution. `FOr the Group of peopl who have graduated from some Educational institution, use ''Alumni''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graduate' in WordNet: 1. (6) alumnus, alumna, alum, graduate, grad - (a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university))`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaGraduateOf^op some School^c
Sub-classes	DoctorOfPhilosophy^c Architect^c Nurse^c CollegeGraduate^c SocialScientist^c Orthodontist^c MedicalCareProfessional^c Engineer^c Valedictorian^c Dentist^c Lawyer^c MedicalDoctor^c
In domain of	isaGraduateOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Einstein http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThomasAlvaEdison

GraduateSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraduateSchool`
Description	The class of organizations in which graduate students are enrolled; the #$providerOfService for most graduate instances of #$CourseOfStudy. `SUMO: A School which is devoted to a specific subject area, which admits students that have a bachelor's degree, which grants masters and/or doctorate degrees, and which is part of a University. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graduate school' in WordNet: 1. (1) graduate school, grad school - (a school in a university offering study leading to degrees beyond the bachelor's degree)`
Super-classes	ResearchOrganization^c CollegeOrGraduateSchool^c
Sub-classes	MedicalSchool^c LawSchool^c

Graduated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graduated

Description

''Graduated'' is an AttributeValue of ''MeasuringDevice''s that have a set of marks indicating different values (usually in ordered seqence) for the property they measure, such that those marks are pointed to or displayed in some way to display the measured value.

   NOTE: 'calibrated' has a different meaning in laboratory usage -  tested to verify its 
      accuracy.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'graduated' in WordNet:
       2. calibrated, graduated - (marked with or divided into degrees; 'a calibrated thermometer')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Graduation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graduation`
Description	An Event in which some Person achieves a certification that s/he has successfully completed some course of study. It does not have to be a ceremony, but should include some formal recognition by the teaching agent. This does not include the graduation ceremony. `This can be celebrated at a ''GraduationCeremony''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graduation' and verb sense 1 of 'graduate' in WordNet: 1. (7) graduation - (the successful completion of a program of study) WN verb 'graduate': 1. (7) graduate - (receive an academic degree upon completion of one's studies; 'She graduated in 1990')`
Super-classes	Progressing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Graduate^c

GraduationCeremony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraduationCeremony`
Description	A 'GraduationCeremony' is the ritual conducted by a School at which some certificate is presented to those who have completed the courses of study for some level of education. This can be any level, from kindergarten to advanced degrees such as Ph.D or M.D. "commemorates"
Super-classes	Rite^c SocialOccurrence^c Ceremony^c
Restrictions	hadHonoree^op some Person^c observesOrCelebrates^op value Graduation^c

Graffiti^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graffiti`
Description	CYC: An inscription or drawing made on some public surface (e.g., a wall). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graffiti' in WordNet: 1. graffito, graffiti - (a rude decoration inscribed on rocks or walls)`
Super-classes	Group^c TextMarking^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some OutdoorLocation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unauthorized^c

GraftedTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraftedTissue`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graft' in WordNet: 1. graft, transplant - ((surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value TransplantingaBodyOrgan^c

Grain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grain`
Description	A TinyObject that is solid and hard and not filimentous (a SolidObject so small it is hard to pick up with the fingers, but still visible, being at least 0.1 mm in diameter). A GrainOfSand would be about the smallest such object. A pollen 'grain' would not be a subtype, being too small to see with the naked eye. `NOTE that a 'GtanularSubstance' may have composite particles larger than a 'Grain', as for some forms of 'Gravel' used in construction. For smaller solid objects that are the components of a 'powder' use 'speck' as in 'speck of dust'. Corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'grain' in WordNet: 1. (3) grain - (a small hard particle; 'a grain of sand')`
Super-classes	TinyObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 0.3^c
Sub-classes	PieceOfGravel^c GrainOfSand^c GrainOfCereal^c GrainOfSugar^c

GrainField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrainField`
Description	A ''GrainField'' is typically part of a''Farm''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grain field' in WordNet: 1. grainfield, grain field - (a field where grain is grown)`
Super-classes	Field^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value GrowingGrainCrops^c
Sub-classes	CornField^c

GrainOfCereal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrainOfCereal`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes all grains of cereal, whether harvested or in situ. Therefore this is an Object,not a food substance. `Cyc: The collection of individual Grains - the harvested fruits of cereal plants like wheat, corn, etc.`
Super-classes	Grain^c Seed^c OrganicObject^c GrainSeed^c
Sub-classes	Corn-SingleGrain^c

GrainOfSand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrainOfSand`
Description	A single grain of sand; the composition may vary widely.
Super-classes	Grain^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Sand^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value StoneOrCoral^c

GrainOfSugar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrainOfSugar`
Description	A single grain of sucrose, in the form called 'table sugar'.
Super-classes	Grain^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Sugar^c

GrainSeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrainSeed`
Description	A ''GrainSeeds'' is the ''Seed'' a Food crop. obtained free of the stalk, usually by ''ThreshingGrain''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grain' in WordNet: 1. grain, caryopsis - (dry seedlike fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn)`
Super-classes	Seed^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value SeedGrain^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value CerealPlant^c
Sub-classes	GrainOfCereal^c

GrainSeeds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrainSeeds`
Description	''GrainSeeds'' is the ''GranularSubstance''
Super-classes	Food^c GranularSubstance^c

Gram^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gram

Description

Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 1 kilogram = 1000 Grams.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gram' in WordNet:
     1. (40) gram, gramme, gm, g - (a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram)

Super-classes MassMeasure^c

GramNegative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GramNegative`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Gram-negative' in Wordnet: 1. Gram-negative - ((of bacteria) being of or relating to a bacterium that does not retain the violet stain used in Gram's method)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

GramNegativeBacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GramNegativeBacterium`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Bacterium that do not retain the stain in the 'Gram Staining' process. The cell walls of the #$GramNegativeBacterium are more complex and do not contain as many peptoglycans as the #$GramPositiveBacterium. Among the #$Bacterium which are pathogens, the #$GramNegativeBacterium are much more plentiful than the #$GramPositiveBacterium.
Super-classes	Bacterium^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GramNegative^c

GramPositive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GramPositive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Gram-positive' in Wordnet: 1. Gram-positive - ((of bacteria) being or relating to a bacterium that retains the violet stain used in Gram's method)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

GramPositiveBacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GramPositiveBacterium`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Bacterium that are not decolorized after the process known as 'Gram Staining'. In this process the bacterial cells are rinsed with ethyl alcohol after being stained with a crystal violet dye. That the #$GramPositiveBacterium retain the stain indicates that the cells lack an outer membrane. Another feature that distinguishes them from the #$GramNegativeBacterium is that their cell walls have molecules on them known as teichoic acids which regulate the growth of the cell wall. Antibiotics to work against the #$GramPositiveBacterium are engineered to interfere with these molecules.
Super-classes	Bacterium^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GramPositive^c
Sub-classes	Staphylococcus^c Streptococcus^c Anthrax-Bacterium^c

GramStainTest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GramStainTest

Description

CYC: A collection of events in which a bacterial culture is stained to distinguish #$GramPositiveBacterium from #$GramNegativeBacterium. In this test a heat-fixed smear is stained for 1 minute with crystal violet and rinsed briefly under water. Next the smear is treated for 1 minute with Lugol's iodine (a solution of iodine and potassium iodine in water) and rinsed again. Decolorization is attempted with a solvent, for example ethonal (95%), acetone, or iodine-acetone and immediately rinsed. #$GramPositive cells will be violet. The smear is then counterstained for 30 seconds with dilute carbolfuchsin to stain #$GramNegative cells red.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Gram stain' in WordNet:
           1. Gram's method, Gram method, Gram's procedure, Gram's stain, Gram stain -
              (a staining technique used to classify bacteria; bacteria are stained 
              with gentian violet and then treated with Gram's solution; 
              after being decolorized with alcohol and treated with safranine and 
              washed in water, those that retain the gentian violet are Gram-positive 
              and those that do not retain it are Gram-negative)

Super-classes ExposureToSubstance^c

GraminaceousPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraminaceousPlant`
Description	WN category. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graminaceous plant' in WordNet: 1. gramineous plant, graminaceous plant - (cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and long narrow leaves)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c
Sub-classes	Reed^c

Grammar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grammar`
Description	DOLCE: A set of rules for the generation of a (closed or open set of) information objects. `roughly equavalent to the DOLCE 'grammar'. NOTE: this is not the branch of Linguistics, but an individual grammar for some language (formal or informal). Wordnet has only the sense of it being a branch of Linguistics: in WordNet: 1. grammar - (the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics or morphology)) WN For the branch of Linguistics use ''GrammarOfNaturalLanguage''`
Super-classes	Information-encoding-system^c Group^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Language^c hasComponentElement^op only GrammaticalRule^c enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c

GrammarClause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammarClause`
Description	A 'GrammarClause'' is a Phrase with a subject and predicate that is only part of a complete sentence. Not all Sentences have a separate component 'clause'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clause' in WordNet: 1. (2) clause - ((grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence)`
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some Sentence^c

GrammarOfNaturalLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammarOfNaturalLanguage`
Description	'GrammarOfNaturalLanguage' is the branch of Linguistics dealing with Grammar - the rules by which sentences are composed from individual words. NOTE: for the specific grammar of a specific language see ''Grammar''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grammar' in WordNet: 1. grammar - (the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics or morphology))`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	isaBranchOf^op value Linguistics^c

GrammarSchool^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammarSchool

Description

An EducationalOrganization, Typically teaching grades K-8, but it varies with the local district; in some cases the first school ends at grade 5 or 6.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grammar school' in WordNet:
         2. grade school, grammar school, elementary school, primary school - 
            (a school for young children; usually the first 6 or 8 grades)

Super-classes SchoolInstitution-KThrough12^c

GrammarType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammarType`
Description	Each 'GrammarType' is a Grammar for some Language.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c

GrammaticArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticArticle`
Description	A 'GrammaticArticle' a word that restricts the referential meaning of the following noun phrase, which is usually a type; they usually precede descriptive adjectives and in English include the articles: the, a, and an. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'article' in WordNet: 4. article - ((grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase)`
Super-classes	ClosedClassWord^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#a http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#an http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#the

Grammatical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grammatical

Description

''Grammatical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to Grammar and the rules specifying how words should combine in sentences and meaningful phrases.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grammatical' in Wordnet:
      1. (4) grammatical, grammatic - (of or pertaining to grammar;
          'the grammatic structure of a sentence'; 'grammatical rules';
          'grammatical gender')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GrammaticalConstituent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticalConstituent`
Description	`Includes noun sense 1 of 'grammatical constituent' and sense 1 of 'grammatical construction' in WordNet: 1. constituent, grammatical constituent - ((grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction) WN 'grammatical construction': 1. construction, grammatical construction, expression - (a group of words that form a constituent of a sentence and are considered as a single unit; 'I concluded from his awkward constructions that he was a foreigner')`
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Sub-classes	PrepositionalPhrase^c Complement^c

GrammaticalGender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticalGender`
Description	A ''GrammaticalGender'' is a category that is an attribute of a Word and in some languages affects the way a word is declined or the way related words in a sentence (pronouns,verbs) are formed. ''GrammaticalGender'' affects the way word endings are changed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grammatical gender' in WordNet: 1. gender, grammatical gender - (a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness)` ,
Super-classes	GrammaticalRole^c
Sub-classes	FeminineGender^c

GrammaticalRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticalRelation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grammatical relation' in WordNet: 1. grammatical relation - (a linguistic relation established by grammar)`
Super-classes	LinguisticRelation^c
Sub-classes	Modality^c

GrammaticalRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticalRole`
Description	A ''GrammaticalRole'' is ''Role'' that includes but is broader than a ''CaseRole'' that represents any of the standard 'cases' on a sentence in grammatical anaysis. This is broader in including things not usually considered as cases in grammar.
Super-classes	Role^c
Sub-classes	GrammaticalGender^c GenericParticipant^c CaseRole^c

GrammaticalRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticalRule`
Description	One Rule from some Grammar, for a formal or informal language.
Super-classes	Rule^c

GrammaticalStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticalStructure`
Description	A 'GrammaticalStructure' is any of the parts of a Sentence or Text that have been used by grammarians to characterize the structure of a linguistic utterance. Examples are Sentence, NounPhrase, VerbPhrase, Subject, Predicate, Verb,etc. The grammatical categories that can apply to individual words ('Noun', 'Preposition') are included as subtypes of this type.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
Sub-classes	CompoundNoun^c ParticleWord^c VerbPhrase^c Possessive^c NounPhrase^c

GrammaticalTense^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticalTense

Description

The attribute of an inflected verb that indicates distinctions of time (past, present, or future) that the Verb represents. Some verbs, such as infinitives, do not have a tense attribute.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tense' in WordNet:
        1. (2) tense - (a grammatical category of verbs
        used to express distinctions of time)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

GrammaticalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrammaticalType`
Description	A GrammaticalType is any structure (word, phrase, phoneme, morpheme) in a NaturalLanguage that, in combination with other structures constitues the grammar of the language, as represented in some grammatical theory of the language. Examples would be 'Subject', 'Verb', 'Object', 'VerbPhrase', etc.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Verb2s Verb VerbInf ObjectOfaSentence Participant ModalAuxVerb GenericParticipant Determiner TransitiveVerb Preposition CompoundNoun VerbPast VerbPlur GrammaticArticle Modal-Contracted DefiniteDescription Verb1s CaseRole Actor SubjectPronoun NounPhrase Noun Verb3s Participle Conjunction SubjectOfaSentence SuperlativeAdjective Aux-Negated AuxVerb OfWord ClosedClassWord PositiveAdjective InterrogativePronoun Possessive IndirectObjectOfaSentence PersonalPronoun SubordinatingConjunction Modal-Negated FeminineGender GrammaticalRole GrammaticalStructure VerbPhrase ComparativeAdjective Pronoun GrammaticalGender

Grammy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grammy`
Description	A ''Grammy'' is an ''HonorAward'' given to artists who have created distinctive Music. `Presented by the Recording Academy since 1958, the GRAMMYs are a celebration of excellence, the music community's highest honor, and its only peer-based award.`
Super-classes	HonorAward^c
Restrictions	wasAssignedByAuthority^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecordingAcademy^c

Grand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grand`
Description	big and very impressive [contrast with humble] - of PhysicalObjects or Actions. This could be divided into two types with different objects of the characterization. `examples From RHW: 'a grand country house'; 'The party was a grand affair'; New Yorkers build on a grand scale. Corresponds approximately to adjective senses 1 and 6 of 'grand' in WordNet: 1. (6) expansive, grand, heroic - (of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope; 'an expansive lifestyle'; 'in the grand manner'; 'collecting on a grand scale'; 'heroic undertakings') 6. grand - - (large and impressive in physical size or extent; 'the bridge is a grand structure')`
Super-classes	Large^c Impressive^c
Sub-classes	Stately^c

GrandJury^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrandJury

Description

A Jury assembled to evaluate evidence in a criminal proceeding, and determine if an indictment should be issued. When a GrandJury decides to issue a 'bill of indictment', the jury 'hands up' or 'hands down' an indictment. A GrandJury never 'convicts' or 'acquits' a person of a crime. A GrandJury sometimes also investigates issues other than criminal cases. The size of a GrandJury varies, but in the US it is often 23 members, and is larger than a 'PetitJury' (whence the name).

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grand jury' in WordNet:
      1. (4) grand jury - (a jury to inquire into accusations of crime and
          to evaluate the grounds for indictments)

Super-classes Jury^c

Grandchild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandchild`
Description	A ''Grandchild'' is the Child of a Child of some ''Person''. More specific would be 'grandson' or 'granddaughter'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandchild' in WordNet: 1. (1) grandchild - (a child of your son or daughter)`
Super-classes	ChildRole^c
Sub-classes	Granddaughter^c Grandson^c

Grandchildren^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandchildren`
Description	''Grandchildren'' is the Group of ''Grandchild''s, usually mentioned as the grandchildren of some specific person of couple.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Grandchild^c

Granddaughter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Granddaughter`
Description	A ''Granddaughter'' is a female ''Grandchild''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'granddaughter' in WordNet: 1. granddaughter - (a female grandchild)
Super-classes	FemalePerson^c Grandchild^c

Grandfather^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandfather

Description

A 'Father' is a MalePerson that is in some sense a 'father' of one of some person's parents - biological father, adoptive father, foster father, step father. The subtypes are more specific.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandfather' in WordNet:
     1. (4) grandfather, gramps, granddad, grandad, granddaddy, grandpa -
     (the father of your father or mother)

Super-classes Grandparent^c
Father^c

Grandiloquence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandiloquence

Description

''RhetoricalManner' is a ''LinguisticManner''(an ''AttributeType'')

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandiloquence' in WordNet:
          1. grandiosity, magniloquence, ornateness, grandiloquence, rhetoric - 
            (high-flown style; excessive use of verbal ornamentation; 
            'the grandiosity of his prose'; 'an excessive ornateness of language')

Super-classes RhetoricalManner^c

Grandmother^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandmother

Description

A 'Grandmother' is a FemaleAnimal that is in some sense a 'mother' of one of some person's parents - biological mother, adoptive mother, foster mother, stepmother. The subtypes are more specific.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandmother' in WordNet:
    1. (8) grandma, grandmother, granny, grannie, gran -
       (the mother of your father or mother)

Super-classes Mother^c
Grandparent^c

Grandparent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandparent`
Description	A 'Grandparent' of a Person is a ''Parent'' of one of that Person's ''Parent''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandparent' in WordNet: 1. (1) grandparent - (a parent of your father or mother)`
Super-classes	Parent^c
Restrictions	hasChild^op some Parent^c
Sub-classes	Grandfather^c Grandmother^c

Grandparents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandparents`
Description	''Grandparents'' is the Group of ''Grandparent''s, usually mentioned as the (four) grandparents of some specific person of couple.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Grandparent^c

Grandson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandson

Description

A ''Grandson'' is a male ''Grandchild''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandson' in WordNet:
         1. grandson - (a male grandchild)

Super-classes MalePerson^c
Grandchild^c

Grandstand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grandstand`
Description	A ''Grandstand'' is a set of ''TieredSeats'' that have a projecting ''Roof'' and are located in a ''Stadium'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grandstand' in WordNet: 2. grandstand, covered stand - (a stand at a racecourse or stadium consisting of tiers with rows of individual seats that are under a protective roof)`
Super-classes	TieredSeats^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value GrandstandRoof^c isLocatedAt^op value Stadium^c

GrandstandRoof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrandstandRoof`
Description	This sense of ''GrandstandRoof'' does not appear under either 'canopy' or 'roof' in WN. This is a ''RigidObject'' resembling a ''Roof'' that has some similarity to a 'Marquee'' but is designed only for protection from overhead things like sun and rain, and attached at only one side to a supporting vertical structure.that is not a building. These are the overhead structurer used at stadiums to protect spectators from sun and rain. `Any standard word for this???`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c Shelter^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value SupportingStructure^c resembles^op value Marquee^c isLocatedAt^op value Grandstand^c

Granite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Granite

Description

CYC: All pieces of granite, which is a solid substance composed of several kinds of rock mixed together.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'granite' in WordNet:
         1. (1) granite - (plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; 
           generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz)

Super-classes Mineral^c
CrystallineSubstance^c

Granola^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Granola`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'granola' in WordNet: 1. granola - (cereal made of especially rolled oats with dried fruits and nuts and honey or brown sugar)`
Super-classes	ColdCereal^c

GranolaBar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GranolaBar`
Description	A ''GranolaBar'' is a ''DessertFood'' that consists mostly of ''Granola'' in the shape of a 'Bar''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'granola bar' in WordNet: 1. granola bar - (cookie bar made of granola)`
Super-classes	BarOfStuff^c SolidFoodArtifact^c DessertFood^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Granola^c

Grant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grant`
Description	A ''Grant'' is any kind of ''EconomicAid'' given without a need for repayment. This is the term most commonly used for supporting research. A 'grant' is usually a one-time quantity of money. A periodic monetary support is often referred to as a ''Subsidy'' (a subtype). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grant' in WordNet: 1. (5) grant - (any monetary aid)`
Super-classes	EconomicAid^c
Sub-classes	Subsidy^c

Granted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Granted

Description

''Granted'' is a subtype of ''AcceptedAsTrue'' characterizing propositions or assertions whose veracity is assumed or believed, and are used as the basis for some form of reasoning.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'granted' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) given, granted - (acknowledged as a supposition;
            'given the engine's condition, it is a wonder that it started')

Super-classes Acknowledged^c
AcceptedAsTrue^c

GrantingPermission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrantingPermission`
Description	GrantingPermission is the Action (Event) in which an Authority grants a right (specifically, a Permission) to some Agent to do something, and expresses that in some communication. Cyc: A specialization of #$MakingAnAgreement. Each instance of #$GrantingPermission is an event in which one #$SocialBeing grants some #$Permission to another. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'permit', sense 2 of 'allow', and sense 3 of 'let', and noun sense 2 of 'permission' and include verb sense 1 of 'okay' in WordNet: 1. permit, allow, let, countenance - (consent to, give permission; 'She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband'; 'I won't let the police search her basement'; 'I cannot allow you to see your exam') WN verb 'okay': 1. approve, O.K., okay, sanction - (give sanction to; 'I approve of his educational policies)
Super-classes	Letting^c MakingAnAgreement^c Approval-CommunicationAct^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Permitted^c causedCreationOf^op value Permission^c createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op some Permission^c isPerformedBy^op some Authority^c
Sub-classes	ConsentingAction^c IssuingaCommercialLicense^c IssuingaCopyright^c Authorizing^c Sanctioning^c Empowering^c LegalizingSomething^c AdmittingToMembership^c Concession^c IssuingaLicense^c

Granular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Granular`
Description	In COSMO this is an attribute value of solid objects or substances, , whereas in CYC it is a class of physical objects that are granular. NOTE that this does not apply to a 'grainy' appearance, as in photographs, but is only for substances or objects divided into small particles. The size of each 'grain' may vary from near-powder size to pebbles; the main characteristic is to be composed of multiple particles each of which can be seen with the normal naked eye. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible that consist of a group of granules. Except possibly for groups of very small numbers of granules, #$Granular things are #$FluidTangibleThing and #$Pileable. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'granular' in WordNet, meaning consisting of granules, not having a surfact texture that is granular nor have a 'grainy' apperance (like some photographs): in WordNet: 1. (3) farinaceous, coarse-grained, grainy, granular, granulose, gritty, mealy - (composed of or covered with particles resembling meal in texture or consistency; 'granular sugar'; 'the photographs were grainy and indistinct'; 'it left a mealy residue')
Super-classes	Dry^c ShapeAttribute^c Solid^c
Sub-classes	VisiblyGranular^c Sandy^c Abrasive^c Powdered^c

GranularObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GranularObject`
Description	Any Object that is granular (including powders) at the time it is referred to. `A GranularObject may also 'pour' freely, but will form a pile on a flat surface, rather than spread out thinly in a film. NOTE: the 'identity conditions' of LiquidObjects were discussed in the classic paper by Patrick Hayes 'Naive Physics I. Ontology for Liquids (1985)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c HomogeneousObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Granular^c

GranularSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GranularSubstance`
Description	Any substance that must consist mostly of small granules of matter, like GroundCoffee, but the granules need not be hard; they may consist of small piecesof any kind of matter, hard or soft,such as Food. A 'GranularSubstance' may have, as its constituent particles, a 'Grain' or (for powders) a 'Speck'.
Super-classes	SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c SolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Silt^c Grindings^c Sand^c Pollen^c Powder^c Corn^c Sleet^c Coffee-Ground^c CoarseMeal^c KittyLitter^c MincedSubstance^c TableSugar^c ParticulateMatter^c AbsorbentSubstance^c MustardSeeds^c Snow^c Gravel^c AbrasiveMaterial^c Mince^c GraphitePowder^c TableSalt^c SeedGrain^c CoffeeBeans^c Grass^c Soot^c Sawdust^c GrainSeeds^c

GranularSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GranularSubstanceType`
Description	GranularSubstanceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that are granular (subtypes of 'GranularSubstance') or powdered. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments, and the representation of Substances as classes.`
Super-classes	SolidSubstanceType^c
Members	Soot Soil RiceFlour GranularSubstance BakingSoda Fallout Gravel GraphitePowder LumpSugar MincedMeat TableSalt SeedGrain CornMeal CoffeeBeans Grass Snow Powder Corn Sleet WheatFlour GrainSeeds GratedCheese KittyLitter GinsengRootPowder Flour MincedSubstance PowderedSugar ParticulateMatter Grindings Sand Pollen Dust Gunpowder Sawdust CommercialGravel BrokenStone Coffee-Ground CoarseMeal Loam TableSugar MustardSeeds

Granularity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Granularity

Description

'Granularity' is an AttributeType whose values specify the size, in volume, units, or length of time, that is the minimum size of something that can be considered 'Homogeneous'.

  For the more common sense of 'granularity' (composed of visible-sized particles)
     the attribute ''Granular''  can be referenced.

  For PhysicalSubstances, the Granularity can be expressed by use
  of the relation 'hasGrainDiameter'.  See further discussion under
  'PhysicalSubstance'.

   This sense is only a small part of the single sense of 'granularity'
      in WordNet:
     1. coarseness, graininess, granularity - (the quality of being composed of relatively large particles)

Super-classes AttributeType^c

GranularityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GranularityValue`
Description	Each instance of 'GranularityValue' is a QuantitativeAttributeValue that specifies the size (in some units) of an Entity that can be divided in two parts, both of which are of the same type as the starting whole.
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	TimeMeasure^c LengthMeasure^c
In range of	hasGranularity^op

Grape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grape`
Description	A Fruit that grow in ''Bunch''es on vines of several species of the genus Vitis. Some of the varieties are used to make wine, by fermentation of the crushed fruits. Some varieties have a dull, dark, purplish-red color, and the name of the fruit is also the name of a color of that hue. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grape' in Wordnet: 1. (2) grape - (any of various juicy fruit of the genus Vitis with green or purple skins; grow in clusters)`
Super-classes	BallLikeObject^c EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.0^c isTheFruitOfa^op value GrapeVine^c
Sub-classes	MuscatGrape^c

GrapeJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrapeJuice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grape juice' in Wordnet: 1. grape juice - (the juice of grapes)`
Super-classes	FruitDrink^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Grape^c

GrapeVine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrapeVine`
Description	A vine plant that produces Grapes. Example: Vitis vinifera. This is a whole plant type, not just the vinous portion of the plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grapevine' in Wordnet: 2. grape, grapevine - (any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries)`
Super-classes	Vine^c
Sub-classes	MuscatGrapeVine^c

Grapefruit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grapefruit`
Description	A Fruit that is produced by a ''GrapefruitTree'', having a thick rind, and an acidic pulp. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grapefruit' in WordNet: 2. grapefruit - (large yellow fruit with somewhat acid juicy pulp; usual serving consists of a half)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c CitrusFruit^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value YellowColor^c isTheFruitOfa^op value GrapefruitTree^c

GrapefruitTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrapefruitTree`
Description	A tree that grows ''Grapefruit''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grapefruit' in WordNet: 1. grapefruit, Citrus paradisi - (citrus tree bearing large round edible fruit having a thick yellow rind and juicy somewhat acid pulp)`
Super-classes	CitrusFruitTree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Grapefruit^c

Graph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graph`
Description	This strictly a graph-theory concept. For pictorial graphs illustrating relations between quantities (bar graphs, pie charts), use ''GraphicalIllustration''. `SUMO: The Class of graphs, where a graph is understood to be a set of GraphNodes connected by GraphArcs. Note that this Class includes only connected graphs, i.e. graphs in which there is a GraphPath between any two GraphNodes. Note too that every Graph is assumed to contain at least two GraphArcs and three GraphNodes. NOTE; Cyc 'SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic' appears to be a subtype:. There is no corresponding Wordnet sense.`
Super-classes	PathSystem^c MathematicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Node^c hasComponentElement^op some Link-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Multigraph^c

GraphCoordinate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraphCoordinate`
Description	A ''GraphCoordinate'' is a number representing the ''Distance'' from the 'origin' on one of the ''Axis''s of a ''GraphicalIllustration''. This is not the Axis line itself, it is a position on the line. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coordinate' in WordNet: 1. (2) coordinate, co-ordinate - (a number that identifies a position relative to an axis)`
Super-classes	RealNumber^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Distance^c

Graphic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graphic

Description

''Graphic'' is an attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions that are sufficiently detailed that they can create an image of the object or Event that they describe.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'graphic' in Wordnet:
          5. graphic, lifelike, pictorial, vivid - (evoking lifelike images within the mind; 
             'pictorial poetry and prose'; 'graphic accounts of battle'; 
             'a lifelike portrait'; 'a vivid description')

Super-classes Detailed^c
Clear^c

GraphicArtist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraphicArtist`
Description	A ''GraphicArtist'' is a ''VisualArtist'' who creates two-dimensional images (''PhysicalImage'') of any genre in any medium. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'graphic artist' in WordNet: 1. printmaker, graphic artist - (an artist who designs and makes prints)`
Super-classes	VisualArtist^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Picture^c
Sub-classes	SketchArtist^c Painter-Artist^c Illustrator^c

GraphicalIllustration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraphicalIllustration`
Description	An ''Illustration'' (which is an 'AbstractImage'') that depicts relations between objects, usually having some quantitative component, as in a bar graph or pie chart. `For the ''Graph'' that is the mathematical subject of graph theory, use ''Graph'' Includes but is somewhat broader than noun sense 1 of 'graph' in Wordnet, in that it includes graphical relations that may have no reference to quantities: in WordNet: 1. (15) graph, graphical record - (a visual representation of the relations between certain quantities plotted with reference to a set of axes)`
Super-classes	AbstractObject^c Illustration^c
Sub-classes	PieChart^c BarChart^c

Graphics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graphics`
Description	''Graphics'' is the part(s) of a document (abstract or physical) that has charts, drawings,or pictures rather than just words. The images (such as charts) may have some words in them, but those will not be layed out as linear text. `WN gloss refers to a 'printed publication' but this includes the abstract representions as well as digital documents. Includes but is broader than noun senses 1 and 2 of 'graphics' in WordNet: 1. artwork, art, graphics, nontextual matter - (photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication; 'the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book') 2. graphics - (the drawings and photographs in the layout of a book)`
Super-classes	GenericImage^c TwoDimensionalThing^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some (Document-Physical^c or AbstractDocument^c or DocumentType^c)

Graphite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graphite`
Description	A soft, black, lustrous form of carbon. It is necessarily solid, but may be in a loose powdery form, or compacted into a hard solid. The powder form can be used as a lubricant in machinery. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graphite' in WordNet: 1. (5) graphite, black lead, plumbago - (used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors)`
Super-classes	Carbon^c SolidSubstance^c Mineral^c
Sub-classes	GraphitePowder^c

GraphitePowder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraphitePowder

Description

The powder form of 'Graphite' that can be used as a lubricant in machinery.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graphite' in WordNet:
      1. (5) graphite, black lead, plumbago - (used as
        a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors)

Super-classes Powder^c
Graphite^c
Lubricant^c
GranularSubstance^c

GrasperArm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrasperArm`
Description	A ''GrasperArm'' is part of a ''GrippingTool'' that has two 'arms', in which each of those two 'arms' are ''GrasperArm''s. The ''GrasperArm'' has a ''Handle'' at one end and a ''GrasperJaw'' at the other end. The two arms pivot around a ''PivotDevice'' which serves as a lever to allow applying pressure to the item to be gripped, at the 'jaws' end.
Super-classes	Device^c PartOfanArtifact^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Grasping^c hasPhysicalPart^op value GrasperJaw^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value GrippingTool^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c

GrasperJaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrasperJaw`
Description	A ''GrasperJaw'' is the part of a ''GrasperArm'' t the end of a ''Tongs'' or ''Tweezers'' that applies the direct pressure to the object being grasped when the two arms of the ''GrippingTool'' have a firm grip on the ''ManipuatedObject''.
Super-classes	GrippingJaw^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value GrasperArm^c

Grasping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grasping`
Description	'Grasping' is a 'HoldingWithHand' in which the hands directly touch the object being held, the holding is firm, with the fingers curled around the held object (or part of the held object that permits control of it). COSMO note: in COSMO 'Grasping' can be with more than one hand, as in grasping a baseball bat. NOTE that the sense of 'grasp' meaning to initiate a 'holding' state is not in WN, though it is in RHW. That sense is represented in COSMO by 'GrabbingOntoWithHand'. The sense represented here is the result of a 'GrabbingOntoWithHand'. See the parent 'HoldingWithHand' for that restriction/relation. Cyc: A specialization of #$HoldingWithOneHand. In instances of #$Grasping, the object being acted on is held between the curled fingers and the palm of the performer of the holding. Includes verb sense 1 of 'grasp' in WordNet: 1. (15) grasp, hold on - - (hold firmly)
Super-classes	GrippingWithHands^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tight^c

Grass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grass`
Description	Lawn grass (turf), considered as a substance. WordNet has only the collective sense of a number of grass plants; this sense is not the same as that in WordNet - 'GrassPlant' is closer. But the WN sense 1 can be interpreted as a 'substance' in that it can be processed into hay. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grass' in WordNet: 1. (41) grass - (narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay)`
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Grassy^c

Grass-Plant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grass-Plant

Description

Individual plants which are part of a mass of turf grass.

    Corresponds most closely to 'grass' sense 1 in Wordnet, though the WordNet sense
      seems to be the collective grouping of GrassPlants
    in WordNet:  
      1. (41) grass - (narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture 
      for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay)

Super-classes GrassFamily^c

GrassFamily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrassFamily`
Description	All individual plants from the order of Grasses, which includes cereal grains, bamboo, turf grass, etc.
Super-classes	Plant-NonWoody^c
Sub-classes	Reed^c Grass-Plant^c BambooPlant^c CerealPlant^c SugarcanePlant^c

GrassRoots^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrassRoots`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grass roots' in WordNet: 2. grass roots - (the common people at a local level (as distinguished from the centers of political activity))`
Super-classes	CommonFolk^c

Grasshopper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grasshopper`
Description	SUMO: Insects with disproportionately large hind legs that are used for jumping. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grasshopper' in WordNet: 1. (4) grasshopper, hopper - (terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping)`
Super-classes	Insect^c Vermin^c
Sub-classes	Locust^c

Grassland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grassland`
Description	A ''Grassland'' is a ''Tract' of land that is dominated by 'grasses' broadly defined (''GrassFamily'' is an organism of the biological family of 'grasses'): many types of vegetation ae considered as subtypes of ''GrassFamily''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grassland' in WordNet: 1. grassland - (land where grass or grasslike vegetation grows and is the dominant form of plant life)`
Super-classes	Tract^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicObject^op min 100 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Grassy^c hasFeature^op value Grass^c
Sub-classes	Meadow^c Prairie^c Savannah^c Pasture^c Steppe^c

Grassroots^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grassroots

Description

''Grassroots'' is a subattribute of 'Popular-ByThePeople'' pertaining to political movements and meaning 'arising from andorganized by a Group of people' (rather than created by some individual or organization who pays organizers to recruit people).

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'grassroots' in Wordnet:
       2. grassroots - (of or involving the common people as constituting 
         a fundamental political and economic group; 'a grassroots movement 
           for nuclear disarmament')

Super-classes Popular-ByThePeople^c

Grassy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grassy

Description

An attribute of the top layer of the ground (''Soil'') that has a significant amount of ''Grass''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grassy' in Wordnet:
          1. grassy - (abounding in grass)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Grated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grated`
Description	''Grated'' is the attribute of a ''GranularSubstance'' produced by a ''GratingSomething'' Action. . No WN sense for adj 'grated'.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

GratedCheese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GratedCheese`
Description	''GratedCheese'' is a ''GranularSubstance'' consisting of a hard ''Cheese'' reduced to granules by a ''GratingSomething'' Action. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grated cheese' in WordNet: 1. grated cheese - (hard or semihard cheese grated)
Super-classes	Cheese^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Cheese^c isProducedByEventType^op value GratingSomething^c

Grateful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grateful

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing Gratitude.

      Includes adjective sense 1 of 'grateful' and sense 1 of ''appreciative' in WordNet:
        1. (10) grateful, thankful - (feeling or showing gratitude;
          'a grateful heart'; 'grateful for the tree's shade'; 'a thankful smile')
      WN adj 'appreciative':
        1. (1) appreciative - (feeling or expressive of gratitude; 
            "was appreciative of his efforts"; "an appreciative word")

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Gratefully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gratefully

Description

''Gratefully'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that the Action is performed in a 'Grateful'' manner.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gratefully' in Wordnet:
           1. appreciatively, gratefully - (with appreciation; in a grateful manner; 
               'he accepted my offer appreciatively')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Gratifying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gratifying

Description

''Gratifying'' is the attribute of events or objeects that can (in some way, by experiencing or perceiving) cause the Feeling of ''Satisfaction''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gratifying' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) appreciated, gratifying, pleasing, satisfying -
              (giving pleasure or satisfaction)

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

Grating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grating`
Description	A ''Grating'' is a ''SolidObject'' in approximately planar form that has a ''CrissCross'' pattern of LongAnThin rigid solid objects (such as ''MetalRod''s or ''MetalStrip''s), relatively ''Rigid'' though it may be flexed to some extent, serving to some extent as a ''Barrier'' depending on the size of the openings in the Grating (the distance between parallel strips). A ''Grating'' is composed of crossed metal rods, designed to block the passage of people and perhaps other animals, but permit passage of air and permit some viewing across the barrier. This generic ''Grating'' includes the kind of grate that may be oriented horizontally to serve as a support for food while cooking (as on a grill). Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'grating' in Wordnet: 1. (2) grate, grating - (a barrier that has parallel or crossed bars blocking a passage but admitting air) 2. grate, grating - (a frame of iron bars to hold a fire)
Super-classes	CrissCross^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c SolidObject^c Framework^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c hasComponentElement^op some (MetalRod^c or MetalStrip^c or BarOrWireType^c)

GratingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GratingSomething`
Description	''GratingAnObject'' is a ''Rubbing'' of one SolidObject with another (rough or sharp) SolidObject that results in an''AbradingSomething' in which small fragments or shreds of the first object are produced in the form of a ''GranularSubstance'' (size of granules can vary). 'grated cheese' `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'grate' in Wordnet: 3. grate - (reduce to small shreds or pulverize by rubbing against a rough or sharp perforated`
Super-classes	Rubbing^c HumanActivity^c AbradingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (SolidObject^c or SolidSubstanceType^c) produces^op value GranularSubstance^c

Gratitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gratitude`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Gratitude is some agent's feeling of appreciation towards another agent for a benefit or favor received from the latter agent. Instances of #$Gratitude vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object of gratitude. The labels include 'appreciation' although in Wordnet 'appreciation' is glossed as an 'expression' of gratitude; in RHW sense 1 it is synonymous with 'gratitude': RHW gratitude; thankful recognition: They showed their appreciation by giving him a gold watch. However, in WN the verb 'appreciate' does fit with this type: WN verb 'appreciate': in WordNet: 1. (12) appreciate - (recognize with gratitude; be grateful for) WN includes noun sense 1 of 'gratitude' and noun sense 1 of 'gratefulness' in Wordnet: 1. (2) gratitude - (a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation; 'he was overwhelmed with gratitude for their help') WN noun 'gratefulness': 1. gratefulness, thankfulness, appreciativeness - (warm friendly feelings of gratitude)
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some (Thanking^c or ActionType^c or Action^c or ActionType^c) wasaResponseToEvent^op some (Thanking^c or ActionType^c or Action^c or ActionType^c)

Gratuitous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gratuitous

Description

''Gratuitous'' is a sutbype of ''Unnecessary'' that includes an evaluative judgment that the thing characterized (usually an Action) is also ''Improper''.

  Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'gratuitous' in Wordnet:
     1. (1) gratuitous - (without cause; 'a gratuitous insult')
     3. gratuitous, needless, uncalled-for - (unnecessary and unwarranted;
        'a strikers' tent camp...was burned with needless loss of life')

Super-classes Unnecessary^c
Improper^c
EvaluativeAttribute^c
Bad^c

Gravamen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gravamen`
Description	The ''Gravamen'' is the part of a ''LegalAllegation'' that is most significant (''Principal'') in making the case for the alegation. The term 'gravamen' is used mostly in reference to ''LegalAllegation''s. Not all ''LegalAllegation''s need have a ''Gravamen'', if they have multiple ''Assertion''s of approximately equal weight. `No WN sense for 'gravamen'. RHW 'gravamen': Law: 1. the part of an accusation that weighs most heavily against the accused; the substantial part of a charge or complaint.`
Super-classes	LegalAllegation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Principal^c isaComponentElementOf^op value LegalAllegation^c

Grave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grave`
Description	A cavity in the ground where the body or other remains of an animal (usually a person is contained. This is a specialization of 'Tomb', which could be above or below ground. A Grave must be below ground, coresponding to sense 1 of 'grave' in RHW: 1. an excavation made in the earth in which to bury a dead body. `NOT that a Grave with any kind of marker on top is a 'Tomb' In Cyc called 'Grave-Modern' Cyc: The site where a dead person is buried. Corresponds to part of (below ground) noun sense 2 of 'grave' in WordNet, but not necessarily marked by a tombstone - unmarked graves are included: in WordNet: 2. (5) grave, tomb - (a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone); 'he put flowers on his mother's grave')`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c Tomb^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Corpse^c isDesignedToContain^op value Coffin^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value GraveSite^c
Sub-classes	Sepulcher^c

GraveMarker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraveMarker`
Description	The marker at a grave usually detailing the name, date of birth and date of death of the person buried there.
Super-classes	MemorialMarker^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value GraveSite^c
Sub-classes	Tombstone^c

GraveSite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GraveSite`
Description	A place which has been used or is intended to be used as a place to store the remains of a dead person or persons. This can be the site of a single grave ('Tomb'). For the site of multiple graves, use the subtype 'Graveyard'. `This is a physical object, not a region.`
Super-classes	Place^c FixedStructure^c CulturalThing^c StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some Tomb^c isDesignedToContain^op value HumanCorpse^c
Sub-classes	Tomb^c Graveyard^c

Gravel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gravel`
Description	'Gravel' is a substance that is a type of stone (i.e. rock) that is divided into small pieces (larger than the size of sand grains), whether by a natural or artificial process. The pieces may be rounded, as in pebbles, or angular. From the Wikipedia article on 'gravel': Gravel is composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a general particle size range and include size classes from granule- to boulder-sized fragments. Gravel is sub-categorized by the Udden-Wentworth scale into granular gravel (>2 to 4 mm or 0.079 to 0.157 in) and pebble gravel (>4 to 64 mm or 0.2 to 2.5 in). One cubic yard of gravel typically weighs about 3000 pounds (or a cubic metre is about 1,800 kilograms). Gravel is an important commercial product, with a number of applications. Many roadways are surfaced with gravel, especially in rural areas where there is little traffic. Globally, far more roads are surfaced with gravel than with concrete or tarmac; Russia alone has over 400,000 km (250,000 mi) of gravel roads.[citation needed] Both sand and small gravel are also important for the manufacture of concrete. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravel' in WordNet: 1. (3) gravel, crushed rock - (rock fragments and pebbles)
Super-classes	Stone^c GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Granular^c
Sub-classes	CommercialGravel^c BrokenStone^c

Graveyard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Graveyard`
Description	A plot of land containing a number (at least 3) of graves of people. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'graveyard' and sense 1 of 'cemetery' in WordNet: 1. (3) cemetery, graveyard, burial site, burial ground, burying ground, memorial park, necropolis - (a tract of land used for burials)`
Super-classes	OutdoorObject^c GraveSite^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 3

Gravitating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gravitating`
Description	''Gravitating'' is a type of ''HavingaTendency'' in which the entity(s) in focus has some ''Tendency'' to 'move' in a literal or figurative sense toward some state or attribute. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gravitate' in WordNet: 1. gravitate - (move toward; 'The conversation gravitated towards politics')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value ProneToAction^c

Gravitational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gravitational

Description

''Gravitational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue of the force of ''Gravity''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gravitational' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) gravitational, gravitative - (of or relating to or caused by gravitation)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GravitationalField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GravitationalField`
Description	A ''GravitationalField'' is a ''ForceField'' in which objects having 'mass' will experience some gravitational attraction. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravitational field' in WordNet: 1. (1) gravitational field - (a field of force surrounding a body of finite mass)`
Super-classes	ForceField^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Gravity^c occursAt^op value GravitationalFieldRegion^c

GravitationalFieldRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GravitationalFieldRegion`
Description	A ''GravitationalFieldRegion'' is a ''ForceFieldRegion'' in which the ''ForceField'' of interest (there may be others) is a ''GravitationalField''.
Super-classes	ForceFieldRegion^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value GravitationalField^c

GravitationallyBoundObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GravitationallyBoundObject`
Description	A GravitationallyBoundObject is an object that has a mass and density sufficiently large that it will (eventually) settle out from the Earth's atmosphere, in the absent of agitation or shear forces that keep it suspended (unless it is in orbit). This Type is created to provide a more restricted Type of PhysicalObjects that will be the domain and range for relations of 'support' and 'on top of', excluding submicroscopic objects for which such relations make no sense. The subtype 'MacrosopicObject' and its subtypes will be those most commonly used with the 'support' relations. This type of Object need not be solid: portions of a liquid can be supported by surfaces and containers.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	MacroscopicObject^c Puddle^c

Gravity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gravity`
Description	''Gravity'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' generated between two or more PhysicalObjects due to and proportional to the quantity of ''Mass'' that each object has.. NOTE that as a ''Phenomenon'' this is a type of ''Event'', which seems a bit odd, but a situation with gravity can be considered as a static Event. If gravity is viewed as a curvature in space-time, this classification might present problems. @ToDo: will this ever be an issue?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravity' in WordNet: 1. (3) gravity, gravitation, gravitational attraction, gravitational force - ((physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface; 'the more remote the body the less the gravity'; 'the gravitation between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them'; 'gravitation cannot be held responsible for people falling in love'-Albert Einstein)
Super-classes	AttractiveForce^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value GravitationalField^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op value PhysicalObject^c mayCause^op value Motion^c

Gravy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gravy`
Description	''Gravy'' is a '''Sauce'' prepared from the drippings of meat that has been cooked, often thickened with flour. `RHW: the fat and juices that drip from cooking meat, often thickened, seasoned, flavored, etc., and used as a sauce for meat, potatoes, rice, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravy' in Wordnet: 1. gravy - (basically the juices that drip from cooking meats)`
Super-classes	Sauce^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some CookingMeat^c

Gray^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gray`
Description	SI absorbed dose measure. Symbol: Gy. It measures the dose of radiation absorbed in living tissue. It is equal approximately to the absorbed dose delivered when the energy per unit mass imparted to matter by ionizing radiation is 1 Joule per kilogram. Gray = J/kg = m^2*s^(-2)
Super-classes	FunctionQuantity^c

GrayColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrayColor`
Description	The color 'gray' (grey). Light grays are not considered 'Colored' - a deep gray would be. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 and adjective sense 1 of 'gray' in WordNet: WN noun 'gray' 1. (6) gray, grayness, grey, greyness - (a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black) WN adjective 'gray': 1. (39) grey, gray, greyish, grayish - (of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black; the little grey cells; gray flannel suit; a man with greyish hair)`
Super-classes	AchromaticColor^c ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	DarkBluishGray-Color^c SilverColor^c

Grayish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grayish

Description

A light ''Gray' color. Light grays are not considered 'Colored' - a deep gray would be.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'gray' in WordNet:
     WN adjective 'gray':
      1. (39) grey, gray, greyish, grayish - (of an achromatic color of any 
          lightness intermediate between  the extremes of white and black; 
          the little grey cells; gray flannel suit; a man with greyish hair)

Super-classes ColorAttribute^c

Grazing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grazing`
Description	''Grazing'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''GrazingAction'' or an animal performing a ''GrazingAction'' and locations and other things characteristic of such an Action. 'grazing land' syn.of '''Pasture''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

GrazingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrazingAction`
Description	'GrazingAction' is a form of 'AnimalFeeding' (intransitive sense) in which some ''Herbivore'' animal (often a ruminant) feeds itself by eating some form of grass growing (often wild). `The animals feeding and a farmer letting the animals feed are differentiable, but are combined here until more detail is needed.. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'graze' in WordNet: 1. (3) crop, browse, graze, range, pasture - (feed as in a meadow or pasture; 'the herd was grazing') 3. crop, graze, pasture - (let feed in a field or pasture or meadow)`
Super-classes	AnimalFeeding^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op some Grassland^c isPerformedBy^op value Herbivore^c

Grease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grease`
Description	Grease as a lubricant comes in many different chemical compositions, including silicone which does not have a carbon as part of the polymer chain. It is more viscous than a typical 'oil', sufficiently to not be pourable. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grease' in Wordnet: 1. (5) grease, lubricating oil - (a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery))`
Super-classes	Lubricant^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Greasy^c

Greasy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greasy

Description

Having a viscosity similar to or slightly more than a gelatine, but being not pourable, and being sufficiently organic so that it adheres to the skin and continues to provide a lubircating effect on the fingers even after having been rubbed back and forth several times, like vaseline. Fatty substances and hydrocarbons have this effect. This is a substance attribute, so 'greasy' objects are not included, except by linguistic inference.

    @ToDo: 'oily' and 'greasy' should be different.

     Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'greasy' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) greasy, oily, sebaceous, oleaginous - (containing an unusual amount of grease or oil;
           'greasy hamburgers'; 'oily fried potatoes'; 'oleaginous seeds')

Super-classes SemiSolid^c

GreasyGrime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreasyGrime

Description

''GreasyGrime'' is a subtype of ''Grime'' consisting of ''Grease'' that gets attached to a surface toform an unwanted spot in a ''Dirtying'' Event.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grease'  in WordNet:
      2. (11) dirt, filth, grime, soil, stain, grease, grunge -
        (the state of being covered with unclean things)

Super-classes Grime^c

Great^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Great

Description

A more intensive subtype of 'large' - of PhysicalObjects or Actions. In some cases things are called 'great' instead of 'large' as in 'great auk' - contrasting only two varieties of similar objects.

      Corresponds to adjective senses 1 of 'great' in WordNet:
          1. (123) great - (relatively large in size or number or extent;
          larger than others of its kind; 'a great juicy steak'; 
          'a great multitude'; 'the great auk'; 'a great old oak';
          'a great ocean liner'; 'a great delay')

Super-classes Large^c

GreatApe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreatApe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'great ape' in WordNet: 1. great ape, pongid - (any of the large anthropoid apes of the family Pongidae)`
Super-classes	AnthropoidApe^c
Sub-classes	Gorilla^c Orangutan^c Chimpanzee^c

GreatCircle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreatCircle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'great circle' in WordNet: 1. great circle - (a circular line on the surface of a sphere formed by intersecting it with a plane passing through the center)`
Super-classes	Circle^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op only (Sphere^c or SphericalObject^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Equator^c

GreatWhiteShark^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreatWhiteShark

Description

       CYC: 'Shark-GreatWhite': A collection of large sharks of the mackerel
        family.  Often referred to simply as white sharks.  Their
        scientific name is Carcharodon carcharias.  Also known as
        the White Pointer or White Death.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'great white shark' in WordNet:
            1. great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark,
                Carcharodon carcharias - (large aggressive shark
                widespread in warm seas; known to attack humans)

Super-classes MackerelShark^c

GreaterThanHalf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreaterThanHalf`
Description	'GreaterThanHalf' is the type including all RealNumbers that have a numerical value greater than 0.5.
Super-classes	GreaterThanNumber^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.5^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_0.95-1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_0.5-1

GreaterThanNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreaterThanNumber`
Description	Any Number in some range that is greater than the specified value, related by the 'hasLowerLimit' relation. The range of permitted values does not include the limit. The implementation will have to interpret these numbers in whatever manner less-than and greater-than numbers are interpreted.
Super-classes	RealNumber^c
Sub-classes	GreaterThanHalf^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GT_1

Greatest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greatest`
Description	''Greatest'' is an attribute of something that is the best or most prominent or most powerful among some specific group of things. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'greatest' in Wordnet: 1. (1) greatest, sterling, superlative - (highest in quality)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Supreme^c

Greatly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greatly

Description

''Greatly'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that is in effect a more intensive modifier than ''Very'', with some overlap. This signals that the thing being described has some property to a much greater extent than most others referenced in the discourse.

   The adverb 'extraordinarily' and 'highly' has a similar meaning, and is included,
     though it might be considered as a more intensive value.

   This includes adverb sense 1 of 'greatly', sense 1 of 'extraordinarily',
      sense 1 of 'dramatically' and senses 1 and 2 of 'surprisingly' in WordNet:
      1. (24) greatly - (to an extraordinary extent or degree; 'he improved greatly')
    WN adverb'extraordinarily':
      1. (1) inordinately, extraordinarily - (extremely; 'she was inordinately smart';
       'it will be an extraordinarily painful step to negotiate')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
LogicalFunction^c

Greatness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greatness`
Description	''Greatness'' is a status of a Person who has important accomplishments and prominence at least in some field. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greatness' in WordNet: 1. (4) greatness, illustriousness - (the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence)`
Super-classes	Prestige^c Eminence^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Extraordinary^c

Greed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greed`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greed' in WordNet: 1. (2) greed - (excessive desire to acquire or possess more (especially more material wealth) than one needs or deserves)`
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op only Excessive^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Greedy^c

Greedy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greedy

Description

''Greedy'' is the AttributeValue of a Person who strongly wants money or valuable things to the point of disregarding the needs of those who may be harmed by his/her acquisitive actions - the attribute of someone experiencing ''Greed''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'greedy' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) avaricious, covetous, grabby, grasping, greedy, prehensile -
             (immoderately desirous of acquiring e.g. wealth; 'they are avaricious 
             and will do anything for money'; 'casting covetous eyes on his neighbor's fields';
             'a grasping old miser'; 'grasping commercialism'; 'greedy for money and power'; 
             'grew richer and greedier'; 'prehensile employers stingy with raises for their employees')

Super-classes Acquisitive^c

Greek^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greek

Description

''Greek'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Greece'' or a ''GreekPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'.

     Corresponds to adjectuve sense 1 of 'Greek' in WordNet:
       1. (19) Greek, Grecian, Hellenic - (of or relating to 
         or characteristic of Greece or the Greeks; 'Greek mythology'; 'a Grecian robe')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GreekCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreekCharacter`
Description	A ''GreekCharacter'' is a ''LetterOfTheAlphabet'' (an''AbstractCharacter'') in the Greek alphabet, such as the first two leters alpha and beta (from which the word 'alphabet' derives).
Super-classes	LetterOfTheAlphabet^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreekAlphabet^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#beta http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#pi http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#delta http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#alpha http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#gamma

GreekPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreekPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Greece, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Greek' in WordNet: 2. (4) Greek, Hellene - (a native or inhabitant of Greece)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Greek^c

GreenColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreenColor`
Description	The color Green. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'green' in WordNet: 1. (26) green, greenish, light-green, dark-green -- (of the color between blue and yellow in the color spectrum; similar to the color of fresh grass; 'a green tree'; 'green fields'; 'green paint') WN noun 'green': 1. (6) green, greenness, viridity - (green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass)`
Super-classes	Greenish^c
Sub-classes	DeepYellowGreen-Color^c DeepGreenColor^c

GreenGroceries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreenGroceries`
Description	''GreenGroceries'' are fruits and vegetables grown and harvested for use of the grower or provided or sale. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'green groceries' in WordNet: 1. produce, green goods, green groceries, garden truck - (fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c Food^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value FruitOrVegetableObject^c

Greenhouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greenhouse`
Description	A ''Greenhouse'' will have a roof and parts of the walls that are mostly transparent panes, usually glass. This can be an isolated building, or attached to or part of a larger structure. It can be ground-level or on a rooftop - but its ceiling has to be exposed to the sky. `CYC: The collection of greenhouses Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greenhouse' in WordNet: 1. (1) greenhouse, nursery, glasshouse - (a building with glass walls and roof; for the cultivation and exhibition of plants under controlled conditions)`
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GrowingPlants^c hasPhysicalPart^op value GlassRoof^c

Greenish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greenish`
Description	The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$GreenColor.
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	GreenColor^c

GreenishBlack-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreenishBlack-Color`
Description
Super-classes	Black^c

GreenishGray-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreenishGray-Color`
Description
Super-classes	SlateColor^c

GreenishWhite-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreenishWhite-Color`
Description
Super-classes	White^c

Greeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Greeting`
Description	Any instance of Speaking (an Action) in which some form of greeting ('hello', 'hi', etc.) is expressed, on meeting or parting; this includes 'hello' and 'farewell' phrases. This is an Action in which words are spoken, not the abstract content of those words or gestures. A conventional gesture of greeting like a military 'salute' is represented by ''saluting''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greeting' and verb sense 1 of 'greet' in WordNet: WN 'greeting' (noun) 1. (5) greeting, salutation - ((usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)) WN 'greet': 1. (12) greet, recognize, recognise - (express greetings upon meeting someone)`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Sub-classes	GreetingGesture^c Welcoming^c

GreetingCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreetingCard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greeting card' in WordNet: 1. greeting card - (a card sent to express personal greetings)`
Super-classes	HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c Card^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c

GreetingGesture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreetingGesture`
Description	A ''GreetingGesture'' is a ''MakingAGesture'' while meeting another Person, as an expression of goodwill, occurring typically at the same time as a ''Greeting'' that is a Speaking Action.
Super-classes	Greeting^c MakingAGesture^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	ShakingHands^c Namaste^c HighFives^c

GreetingPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreetingPhrase`
Description	A 'Phrase' (Group of Words) used when first meeting another person, or when parting from a Person. This includes 'hello' and 'good bye' type phrases.
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Sub-classes	FarewellPhrase^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hello http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Good_evening http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halloo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Good_morning

Grenade^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grenade

Description

CYC 'Grenade-Generic"': An instance of #$WeaponType. Each instance of #$Grenade-Generic is an instance of either #$HandGrenade or #$RifleGrenade.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grenade' in WordNet:
          1. (5) grenade - (a small explosive bomb thrown by hand or fired from a missile)

Super-classes Bomb^c

Grenadier^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grenadier

Description

A ''Grenadier'' used to be a specialized infantryman, but in modern armies most infantrymen carry ''HandGrenade''s. So this type is mostly obsolete as a separate type of fighting unit, remembered mostly in tradition and song:

       Wikipedia:  The British Grenadiers 
         " The British Grenadiers " is a traditional marching song of
          British, Australian and Canadian military units whose badge of identification 
          features a grenade, the tune of which dates from the 17th century.
          It is the Regimental Quick March of the Royal Artillery (since 1716),
          Corps of Royal Engineers (since 1787), the Honourable Artillery Company (since 1716),
          Grenadier Guards 'The First (later 'Grenadier') Regiment of Foot Guards' (since 1763),
          and the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (since 1763). It is also an authorised march
          of the Royal Australian Artillery, The Royal Gibraltar Regiment,
          The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, The Royal Regiment of Canada, 
          The Princess Louise Fusiliers, and The 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles.
          The standard orchestration for the military band was approved in 1762, 
          when the Royal Artillery Band (initiated in 1557) became recognised officially,[1] 
          and for all other 'grenade' regiments in 1763, when the remaining unofficial bands 
          gained official status.

         " Some talk of Alexander, and some of Hercules
       Of Hector and Lysander, and such great names as these.
       But of all the world's brave heroes, there's none that can compare.
       With a tow, row, row, row, row, row, to the British Grenadiers.

       Those heroes of antiquity ne'er saw a cannon ball,
       Or knew the force of powder to slay their foes withal.
       But our brave boys do know it, and banish all their fears,
       With a tow, row, row, row, row, row, for the British Grenadiers.

       Whene'er we are commanded to storm the palisades,
       Our leaders march with fusees, and we with hand grenades.
       We throw them from the glacis, about the enemies' ears.
       With a tow, row, row, row, row, row, the British Grenadiers.

       And when the siege is over, we to the town repair.
       The townsmen cry, "Hurrah, boys, here comes a Grenadier!
       Here come the Grenadiers, my boys, who know no doubts or fears!
       Then sing tow, row, row, row, row, row, the British Grenadiers.

       Then let us fill a bumper, and drink a health of those
       Who carry caps and pouches, and wear the louped clothes.
       May they and their commanders live happy all their years.
           With a tow, row, row, row, row, row, for the British Grenadiers."

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grenadier' in WordNet:
           1. grenadier, grenade thrower - (an infantryman equipped with grenades)

Super-classes Infantryman^c

Grenadine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grenadine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grenadine' in WordNet: 1. grenadine - (thin syrup made from pomegranate juice; used in mixed drinks)`
Super-classes	Syrup^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Pomegranate^c

Grey-haired^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grey-haired

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grizzly' in WordNet:
         1. grey, gray, grey-haired, gray-haired, grey-headed, gray-headed,
           grizzly, hoar, hoary, white-haired - (showing characteristics of age, 
           especially having grey or white hair; 'whose beard with age is hoar'-Coleridge;
           'nodded his hoary head')

Super-classes HairColorValue^c

Griddle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Griddle`
Description	A ''Griddle'' is a ''CookingUtensil'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'griddle' in WordNet: 1. griddle - (cooking utensil consisting of a flat heated surface (as on top of a stove) on which food is cooked)`
Super-classes	FryingPan^c FlatBottomedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Griddling^c hasPhysicalPart^op value CookingSurface^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Frying^c

Griddling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Griddling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'griddle' in WordNet: 1. griddle - (cook on a griddle; 'griddle pancakes')`
Super-classes	Frying^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Griddle^c

Gridlock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gridlock`
Description	''Gridlock'' slows traffic to a point where no motion may be possible for intervals of time, but this type is a subtype of ''Translocation'' so some degree of motion must be possible. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gridlock' in WordNet: 1. gridlock - (a traffic jam so bad that no movement is possible)`
Super-classes	TrafficCongestion^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value DrivingaRoadVehicle^c

Grief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grief`
Description	COSMO note: this is classified in COSMO as an intense form (a subtype) of Sadness, caused by some PersonalLoss; the PersonalLoss is not restricted to loss of a loved person, as in WordNet, but is more general, as suggested by the sense 1 in RHW and by the Cyc definition: RHW 'grief': 1. keen mental suffering or distress over affliction or loss; sharp sorrow; painful regret. NOTE: the 'topic' of a Grief is typically the death of a person, but this type is not restricted to loss of persons, as loss of loved pets and ocasionally strongly cherished possessionsmay cause deep feelings of sorrow. NOTE: ''Grief'' is a ''Feeling'', which in COSMO is a subtype of Action, performed by a Person (or some animals?). Cyc does not have 'Grief' subsumed by 'Sadness', but has Grief as a subtype of 'Depression'. Cyc: Intense emotional suffering or poignant distress caused by or as if by bereavement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grief' and verb sense 1 of 'grieve' and noun sense 1 of 'sorrow' in WordNet: WN 'grief': 1. (5) grief, heartache, heartbreak, brokenheartedness - (intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)) WN 'grieve': 1. (1) grieve, sorrow - (feel grief; eat one's heart out) WN verb 'mourn': 1. (6) mourn - (feel sadness; 'She is mourning her dead child') WN'mourning': 1. mourning, bereavement - (state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one)
Super-classes	Sorrow^c
Restrictions	mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op some PersonalLoss^c isMoreIntenseThan^op value Sorrow^c
Sub-classes	Sympathizing^c

Grievance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grievance`
Description	A ''Grievance'' is an ''Allegation'' that may be made by a person with a ''Grudge'' (a ''Feeling''), asserting the Action(s) that caused the ''Grudge''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grievance' in WordNet: 2. (1) grievance - (an allegation that something imposes an illegal obligation or denies some legal right or causes injustice)`
Super-classes	Allegation^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (HarmingAnAgent^c or Wrongdoing^c or DeprivingOfaRight^c or ActionType^c) isProducedByEventType^op value Grudge^c

Grilled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grilled`
Description	CYC: NOTE: CYC treats adjectives as objects with that property. In COSMO attributes are not objects. The subcollection of food whose instances have been grilled - a specialization of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Grilled has been prepared in an event of #$GrillingFood, using a #$BBQGrill or an #$ElectricGrill. `This ''Grilled'' is ''Broiled'' by heating from below. NOTE: 'barbecued' is a subtypes. Includes adjective sense 2 of 'grilled' in Wordnet: 2. barbecued, grilled - (cooked over an outdoor grill)`
Super-classes	Broiled^c
Sub-classes	Barbecued^c

GrillingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrillingFood`
Description	A specialization of #$CookingFood. In each instance of #$GrillingFood, food is placed on a cooking utensil consisting of several parallel metal bars, where the food is exposed to direct radiant heat from below. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grill' in WordNet: 1. (1) grill - (cook over a grill; 'grill the sausages')`
Super-classes	CookingFood^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value CookingGrill^c
Sub-classes	Barbecueing^c

Grillwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grillwork`
Description	A 'Grillwork' is a sturdy wire ''Mesh'' used as the supporting surface in a ''CookingGrill''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'grillwork' in WordNet (for cooking outdors) but this is not the whole device, just the metal supporting surface grillwork in it: in WordNet: 3. grill, grille, grillwork - (a framework of metal bars used as a partition or a grate; 'he cooked hamburgers on the grill')`
Super-classes	Mesh^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c isDesignedToSupport^op value FoodObject^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value CookingGrill^c

Grimace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grimace`
Description	'Grimace' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', expressing some kind of displeasure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grimace' in WordNet: 1. grimace, face - (a contorted facial expression; 'she made a grimace at the prospect')`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Displeasure^c

Grimacing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grimacing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grimace' in WordNet: 1. (2) grimace, make a face, pull a face - (contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state; 'He grimaced when he saw the amount of homework he had to do')`
Super-classes	MakingFacialExpression^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Grimace^c

Grime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grime`
Description	Grime is an impurity that has become attached to the surface of, or penetrated somewhat below the surface of, an object which did not originally have the Grime on it. Grime can be solid, liquid, or a mixture. It might be removed by a CleaningEvent. Note that any impurity, even a light coating of 'Dust' will qualify as 'Grime' if it is inappropriately (non-functionally) on the surface of an Object. As an 'Impurity', 'Grime' is always undesirable. (if someone intentionally adds grimy stuff to a surface for some constructive (non-malevolent) purpose, it is no longer 'Undesirable' and no longer qualifies as 'Grime' in COSMO). `See ''Dirtying'' for things getting ''Grime'' on them. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dirt' and sense 1 of 'grime' in WordNet: 2. (11) dirt, filth, grime, soil, stain, grease, grunge - (the state of being covered with unclean things)`
Super-classes	Impurity^c
Restrictions	wasAcquiredInEvent^op some Dirtying^c
Sub-classes	GreasyGrime^c

Grimly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grimly

Description

Note that this is not the adverbial form of the sense of 'grim' represented in entry ''Grisly''. This is for someone performing an Action in a 'determined' manner. 'grimly determined'.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'grimly' in Wordnet:
           1. (5) grimly - (in a grim implacable manner; 'he was grimly satisfied')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Grinded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grinded

Description

''Grinded'' is a COSMO neologism for 'ground', the word that is the perfective form of 'grind' - used to avoid conflict with other uses of 'ground'.

       RHW adj 'ground':  a pt. and pp. of grind.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Grinding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grinding`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Grinding event, an Object or substance is broken or torn into smaller pieces through the steady application of force, typically in a circular motion. COSMO note: this does not include sawing (a ''CuttingSomething'') or some forms of drilling (a ''CuttingSomething'') or Ablation ('RemovingPhysically'' and ''Separation-Complete'') that produce a GranularSubstance; this is for Actions that produce a GranularSubstance as the main product. RHW 'bray': 1. to pound or crush fine, as in a mortar. Oddly, in Wordnet 'pulverize and 'Grind' do not have a common hypernym. Weird. 'pulverize' is transitive, but the parent 'change' is intransitive. The hierarchy differs here from WN. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'grind' in WordNet: 3. (2) grind, mash, crunch, bray, comminute - (reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading; 'grind the spices in a mortar'; 'mash the garlic')
Super-classes	PulverizationEvent^c MaterialHandling^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Grinded^c produces^op value Grindings^c
Sub-classes	GrindingMeat^c Mashing^c Pulverizing^c

GrindingMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrindingMachine`
Description	A''GrindingMachine'' grinds, mills, or pulverizes objects into granular material that can be from course grains down to a fine powder. `This is for machines whose main purpose is to create a granular material, and does not just create it as a byproduct (as in sawing or shaping). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'grinder' in WordNet: 3. mill, grinder, milling machinery - (machinery that processes materials by grinding or crushing)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op some GranularSubstanceType^c performsAction^op value Grinding^c

GrindingMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrindingMeat`
Description	''GrindingMeat'' is the Action of ''Grinding'' with the patient (object) of the action being ''Meat'' (or a ''MeatObject'' - some quantity of Meat).
Super-classes	Grinding^c
Restrictions	produces^op value GroundMeat^c hadObjectModified^op value Meat^c

GrindingSomethingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrindingSomethingDown`
Description	''GrindingSomethingDown'' is an Action in which some object is abraded by moving across a ''RoughSurface'' or by scraping a rough-surfaced Object across it, with the intention of changing the shape of the ''SolidObject''. `Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'grind' in WordNet: 7. grind - (shape or form by grinding; 'grind lenses for glasses and cameras')`
Super-classes	ShapeChange^c ShapingSomething^c AbradingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value SolidObject^c hadObjectTouched^op value RoughSurface^c
Sub-classes	GrindingaLens^c

GrindingaLens^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrindingaLens`
Description	''GrindingaLens'' is a ''GrindingSomethingDown''that produces a ''GroundGlassLens''. `NOTE: this synset is also used for the parent type ''GrindingSomethingDown'' - this is only a part. Corresponds to part of verb sense 7 of 'grind' in WordNet: 7. grind - (shape or form by grinding; "grind lenses for glasses and cameras")`
Super-classes	GrindingSomethingDown^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value GlassObject^c produced^op value GroundGlassLens^c

Grindings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grindings`
Description	'Grindings' is a PhysicalSubstance that is produced by a 'Grinding' action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'powder' in WordNet: 1. (1) grinding - (matter resulting from the process of grinding; 'vegetable grindings clogged the drain')`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c
Sub-classes	GroundMeat^c

Grinning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grinning

Description

''Grinning'' is a form of ''Smiling'' that is less pronounced than a big 'Smile'.

          Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grin' in WordNet:
            1. (18) grin - (to draw back the lips and reveal the teeth, in a smile, grimace, or snarl)

Super-classes BodilyFunctionEvent^c
MakingFacialExpression^c

Grip^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grip

Description

The attributeValue 'Grip' is the ability to hold tightly with the hand to some SolidObject more forcefully than the average person, so as to manipulate the object more easily or in certain ways requiring application of force. 'He had a powerful grip'.

      No WN sense quite captures this sense.
      RHW 'grip':  2.   the power of gripping: He has a strong grip.

Super-classes Might-Physical^c

GrippingJaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrippingJaw`
Description	A ''GrippingJaw'' is the part of a ''HolderGripper'' (large or small, had-held or bench-mounted) that applies the direct pressure to the object being grasped when the two arms of a ''HolderGripper'' are actually gripping the ''WorkedObject''. ''"ApplyingAPressure"'' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'jaw' in WordNet: 3. jaw - (holding device consisting of one or both of the opposing parts of a tool that close to hold an object)
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c Device^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value HolderGripper^c
Sub-classes	GrasperJaw^c

GrippingTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrippingTool`
Description	A ''GrippingTool'' is any of a broad range of ''Tool''s that are used for ''Grasping'' of solid objects. These are ''HandTool''s but might need two hands to use, and might have long handles. `For gripping tools thatare not held in the hands, use other subtype ofs ''HolderGripper'' (e.g. ''Vise''). In CYC 'GraspingImplement':#$GraspingImplement is a specialization of #$HandTool. Each instance of #$GraspingImplement is a tool which is intended to be used to grasp (and often to subsequently immobilize or control the location/movement of) some other solid object. Specializations of #$GraspingImplement include #$Vise, #$Forceps, and #$Tweezers.`
Super-classes	HandTool^c HolderGripper^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GrippingWithHands^c
Sub-classes	Pliers^c Hemostat^c Forceps^c Tweezers^c Tongs^c

GrippingWithHands^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrippingWithHands`
Description	''Gripping'' is a ''Grabbing'' resulting in a ''HoldingAnObject'' performed by a Person and using one or two Hands, and possibly using a ''GrippingTool'' or similar object to assist the Action. This Action allows the Person doing the ''GrippingWithHands'' to control the object gripped, either to keep it from noving, or to move it uner that Person's control. `CYC: 'GraspingSomethingWithATool' A specialization of #$HandlingADevice and #$HoldingAnObject: a collection of events in which a tool (cf. #$GraspingImplement) is used to grasp some object. For 'gripping' directly with the hand, use ''Grasping''. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'grip' , (including the use of gripping tools) in WordNet: 1. (10) grip - (hold fast or firmly; 'He gripped the steering wheel')`
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c Grabbing^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	MovingWithTheHand^c Grasping^c ShakingHands^c

Gripstock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gripstock`
Description	This sense of 'gunstock' applies not only to the 'stock' of a Rifle but also to 'pistol grips' and any similarly shaped and similarly sized object such as the stock of a ''Crossbow'', designed to be gripped while pointing a Device at some 'target' The 'stock' of a rifle is represented as subtype ''RifleStock''. This type can also be applied to a stock on a camera holder to improve stability while taking still photographs or movies . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gunstock' in WordNet: 1. stock, gunstock - (the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun; 'the rifle had been fitted with a special stock')`
Super-classes	StraightLongAndThinObject^c HandleStock^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Grasping^c
Sub-classes	RifleStock^c

Grisly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grisly`
Description	''Grisly'' is an AttributeValue that characterizes situations or objects that cause distress, horror or repulsion when observed. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grisly' in Wordnet: 1. ghastly, grim, grisly, gruesome, macabre, sick - (shockingly repellent; inspiring horror; 'ghastly wounds'; 'the grim aftermath of the bombing'; 'the grim task of burying the victims'; 'a grisly murder'; 'gruesome evidence of human sacrifice'; 'macabre tales of war and plague in the Middle ages'; 'macabre tortures conceived by madmen')`
Super-classes	Distressing^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing^op value Revulsion^c

GrizzlyBear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrizzlyBear

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grizzly bear' in WordNet:
          1. grizzly, grizzly bear, silvertip, silver-tip, Ursus horribilis,
          Ursus arctos horribilis - (powerful brownish-yellow bear of the uplands
          of western North America)

Super-classes Bear^c

Grocer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grocer`
Description	A person who owns or manages a ''GroceryStore''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grocer' in Wordnet: 1. (5) grocer - (a retail merchant who sells foodstuffs (and some household supplies))`
Super-classes	Manager^c Merchant^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op some GroceryStore^c

GroceryStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroceryStore`
Description	The physical facility where groceries are sold. Cyc: The collection of establishments that sell groceries and the other goods commonly found in a supermarket. SUMO: A RetailStore that sells Food, and perhaps other items as well. NOTE: in Cyc and SUMO this term was used for a subtype of Organization, but in COSMO this is redefined as the physical facility where the commercial organization operates its business. This interpretation as the physical 'store' seems closer to common usage of that term. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grocery store' in Wordnet: 1. (2) grocery store, grocery, food market, market - (a marketplace where groceries are sold; 'the grocery store included a meat market')
Super-classes	RetailStore^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Food^c
Sub-classes	Supermarket^c

Groin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Groin`
Description	Area of body containing external genitalia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'groin' in WordNet: 1. (1) groin, inguen - (the crease at the junction of the inner part of the thigh with the trunk together with the adjacent region and often including the external genitals)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Hip^c hasOrganicPart^op value ExternalSexOrgan^c

Groom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Groom`
Description	The ''Groom'' is the Man who is participating in a 'WeddingCeremony'' and at the end of the ceremony becomes the ''Husband'' but is still referred to as the ''Groom'', so that role continues for some time before or after the ceremony, in references to the ceremony `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'groom' in WordNet: 1. (1) groom, bridegroom - (a man participant in his own marriage ceremony) 3. groom, bridegroom - (a man who has recently been married)`
Super-classes	MalePerson^c Participant^c Spouse^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some WeddingCeremony^c isaParticipantIn^op value Marriage^c

Groove^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Groove`
Description	A ''Groove'' is a ''DepressionOnObject'' on the surface of an ArtifactObject that is long and narrow, and may be produced by a grinding or cutting Action. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'groove' (for grooves cut into artifacts) in WordNet: 1. (1) groove, channel - (a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record))`
Super-classes	LineOnaSurface^c DepressionOnObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value ArtifactObject^c isProducedByEventType^op value CuttingaGroove^c
Sub-classes	Rifling^c

Groping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Groping`
Description	Can a ''Groping'' be touching a man?? `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'grope' in WordNet: 3. grope - (fondle for sexual pleasure; 'He made some sexual advances at the woman in his office and groped her repeatedly')`
Super-classes	Caressing^c FondlingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Person^c

GropingForSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GropingForSomething`
Description	''GropingForSomething'' is a type of ''Searching'' that is performed by feeling for an object without being able to see it. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grope' in WordNet: 1. (6) grope, fumble - (feel about uncertainly or blindly; 'She groped for her glasses in the darkness of the bedroom')`
Super-classes	UsingTheHand^c Searching^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value FeelingWithTheHand^c

Gross^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gross

Description

''Gross'' is a subtype of ''Vulgar'' characterizing behavior that is not only crude (not 'refined' or 'polite') but involves words or behaviors that are offensively on bad taste, widely considered to be unacceptible in public. Often applied to words referring to sex or excretory functions, or using 'four-letter words'.

  RHW: 4.  indelicate, indecent, obscene, or vulgar: gross remarks.
      10.   Slang. extremely objectionable, offensive, or disgusting: 
          He wore an outfit that was absolutely gross.


    Corresponds to adjective sense 7 of 'gross' in WordNet:
      7. coarse, crude, earthy, gross, vulgar - 
        conspicuously and tastelessly indecent; 'coarse language'; 'a crude joke';
         'crude behavior'; 'an earthy sense of humor'; 'a revoltingly gross expletive';
         'a vulgar gesture'; 'full of language so vulgar it should have been edited')

Super-classes TastelesslyVulgar^c

Gross-NoDeductions^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gross-NoDeductions

Description

''Gross-NoDeductions'' is he attribute of a monetary amont that is received, whether income for people or revenue for Businesses, before any sums are deducted for accounting or tax purposes.

         Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'gross' in WordNet:
           1. (8) gross - (before any deductions; 'gross income"')

Super-classes Whole^c

Grossly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grossly

Description

''Grossly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action characterized was ''Egregious''.

       Note: 'grossly' = 'flagrantly'?

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'grossly' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) grossly - (in a gross manner)

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Grotesque^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grotesque`
Description	' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grotesque' in Wordnet: 1. (4) grotesque, monstrous, unnatural - (distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal and hideous; 'tales of grotesque serpents eight fathoms long that churned the seas'; 'twisted into monstrous shapes')
Super-classes	Deformed^c Unnatural^c Unattractive^c Salient^c

Grouch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grouch`
Description	A ''CrankyPerson'' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' called a 'crank' or a 'grouch' because of her/his behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grouch' in WordNet: 1. grouch, grump, crank, churl, crosspatch - (a bad-tempered person)`
Super-classes	DisagreeablePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Grumpy^c

Ground^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ground`
Description	Ground is some PhysicalObject consisting of a piece of land typical of land in situ, e.g. soil, sandy ground, or rocky ground. Artifact constructs such as pavement are not instances of 'Ground', but objects or substances closely covering the ground such as grass or brush or snow are included. "mainland" This can be a small place (e.g. the locationof a grave), so is only a subtype of the closely related parent ''LandArea'', which usually specifies a part of the ground at least as large as a residential lot. 'Ground' is not necessarily Flat, so it is not a subtype of 'GroundOrFloor', which is a FlatObject. (whereas 'Field' is a subtype of both of these). Ground also includes the ground under structures, so not all instances of Ground are 'OutdoorObject', though almost all are. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. The collection of all land surfaces of planets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ground' in WordNet: 1. (87) land, dry land, earth, ground, solid ground, terra firma - (the solid part of the earth's surface; 'the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land'; 'the earth shook for several minutes'; 'he dropped the logs on the ground')
Super-classes	EcologicalPlace^c LandArea^c
Sub-classes	SoftGround^c Yard-BuildingGrounds^c Karst^c Cirque^c Field^c Escarpment^c Shore^c Playground^c Ashore^c Mountainside^c HillOrMountain^c Landslide-Topographical^c Mainland^c PlainArea^c Hillside^c HighestPoint^c Terrace^c Valley^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface

GroundBeef^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundBeef

Description

CYC: Cattle meat, ground.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ground beef' in WordNet:
       1. ground beef, hamburger - (beef that has been ground)

Super-classes Beef^c
GroundMeat^c

GroundBeefPatty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundBeefPatty`
Description	A ''FoodPatty'' made out of GroundBeef. This includes the raw and cooked patties,which should be differentiated. This might be spiced with small amounts of additives.
Super-classes	FoodPatty^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value GroundBeef^c

GroundCloves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundCloves`
Description	''GroundCloves'' is a ''Spice'' in the form of a ''Powder'' that is prepared by grinding dried ''Clove''s. `NOTE: the WN sense indicates that whole ''Clove''s are used as a spice, but this is for the ground material. The individual ''Clove''s used as a spice is represented by ''Cloves''. Corresponds to part noun sense 4 of 'clove' in WordNet: 4. clove - (spice from dried unopened flower bud of the clove tree; used whole or ground)`
Super-classes	Spice^c Powder^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Cloves^c

GroundFloor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundFloor

Description

One floor ('level') of a Building, which may be only a one-storey building.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ground floor' in WordNet:
        1. (4) ground floor, first floor, ground level - (the floor of 
           a building that is at or nearest to the level of the ground 
           around the building)

Super-classes Storey^c

GroundGlassLens^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundGlassLens`
Description	''GroundGlassLens'' is a ''Lens-Artificial'' made by a process of ''GrindingSomethingDown''. This includes lenses of any size, including the 100 meter astronomical telescope lens that may be made of a 'ceramic' material,which is considered as 'glass' for this type (needs more elaboration - perhaps a parent ''GroundLens'??). `NOTE that a ''GlassLens'' might be formed by a molding process, but for greater precision, some form of grinding is usually used. This type is only for the lenses produced at their final stage by ''GrindingaLens''.`
Super-classes	GlassLens^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value GrindingaLens^c

GroundMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundMeat`
Description	The substance''Meat'' that has been ground into shreds to make a semisolid substance.
Super-classes	Meat^c ArtificialSubstance^c Grindings^c
Sub-classes	GroundBeef^c

GroundOrFloor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundOrFloor`
Description	A GroundOrFloor is some solid relatively horizontal flat object on which an animal can move in multiple directions (as opposed to, e.g. the limb of a tree that restricts direction of motion). This is a broad category, including natural ground such as soil, a lawn, a beach, a large flat rock on which one can stand, etc.,as well as flat artifacts on which a person can stand and move to some extent, including the floors of a structure, even one as small as a tree house. This is included to allow description of movements and postures involving relations with the object one is standing on. `NOTE that a ceiling is also Flat and Horizontal, and as of v955 the distinction has not yet been axiomatized.`
Super-classes	FlatObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horizontal^c
Sub-classes	Shore^c Campground^c Floor^c AutoFloorboard^c Yard-BuildingGrounds^c SupportingSurface^c Field^c

GroundPepper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundPepper`
Description	GroundPepper is a dry granular Condiment, having a biting flavor, prepared from the fruit (''Pepper'') of a pepper plant, prepared for use as a condiment with food. In Cyc called 'Pepper-TheSpice' Cyc: Black granular spice usually in a ''PepperShaker'' like salt. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'pepper' in RHW: 1. a pungent condiment obtained from various plants of the genus Piper, esp. from the dried berries, used whole or ground, of the tropical climbing shrub P. nigrum. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'pepper' in WordNet; however, WordNet includes whole peppercorns (which would be under 'Peppercorn' in COSMO), and this type is only for the granular ground dried pepper.
Super-classes	Condiment^c Spice^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Pepper^c

GroundWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundWater`
Description	''GroundWater'' is ''Water'' naturally located underground. This applies to the water in situ or after extraction from its natural location. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ground water' in WordNet: 1. (1) ground water, spring water, well water - (underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks)`
Super-classes	Water^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value UndergroundLocation^c

GroundsOfOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroundsOfOrganization`
Description	COSMO NOTE: GroundOfOrganization is interpreted as the physical grounds, which is a physical object, not the spatial region. This includes the base soil (down to an accessible depth), the structures, and vegetation on the Grounds. It also includes anything else that is intended to be stably attached to the ground in that region. It does not include transient physical objects, and in particular does not include vehicles or people who may be on the grounds `Cyc: A specialization of #$RealEstate and #$OutdoorLocation. Each instance of #$GroundsOfOrganization is an area which contains buildings inhabited by some organization. Notable specializations of #$GroundsOfOrganization include #$Campus and #$MilitaryBase-Grounds.`
Super-classes	RealEstate^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	MarketPlace^c Campus^c SchoolGrounds^c

Group^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Group`
Description	Every ''Group'' consists of one or more entities considered as one unit, and is related to the component entities by the relation 'hasComponentElement'. The type ''Group'' is not disjoint with anything, and almost any Object can be viewed as a ''Group'' of other Objects (if one is willing to ignore the relations of the parts). The ''Group'' type is one of the most fundamental concepts in COSMO. A ''Group'' having only one component element is identical to that component element, acquiring no other properties by being viewed as a ''Group''. A ''Group'' is not an abstract or mathematical concept - every group derives its properties solely from the entities that are its component elements. Thus a group of solid objects would be a solid object, and the mass of that object would be equal to the sum of the masses of the component objects. Every 'Group' has some number of elements, which may be indefinite,or may be specified by the 'hasCardinality' relationship, but it is not necessary to specify the number of elements when instantiating a 'Group'. NOTE that ''Group''is very broad and is placed as a direct subtype of ''Thing'' so as to make the hierarchy easier to navigate,but it is also a subtype of ''Context'' so that assertions about members of a Group that have some distinctive attribute(s) can refer to the Group as the ''Context'' of that distinction when the relation ''existsInContext'' is used on some instance of ''UniqueThingInaContext''. A Group may have component elements of very diverse kinds - there is no restriction on the membership of the basic ''Group'', though each individual element counts only once in the cardinality of the group, regardless of whether it is of the same type as some other individual elements. A ''Group'' esch of whose elements is of a particular type can be specified using the 'allValuesFrom' vaue with the ''hasComponentElement'' restriction. A Group may have component elements of very diverse kinds - there is no restriction on the membership of the basic ''Group'', though each individual element counts only once in the cardinality of the group, regardless of whether it is of the same type as some other individual elements. A ''Group'' esch of whose elements is of a particular type can be specified using the 'allValuesFrom' vaue with the ''hasComponentElement'' restriction. A ''Group'' is somewhat similar to a Cyc 'Group', but is not restricted to physical things, and has relations to its members named differently than in Cyc. For the more specific Group composed only of PhysicalObjects, use 'ObjectGroup'. For a ''Group'' consisting only of people (one or more ''Person''s) use ''GroupOfPeople'' or a subtype. NOTE: A Group that has one component element is identical to that single element; in this respect it is similar to the mereological notion of a 'mereological sum' used in 'mereology'. A brief description of 'mereological sum' from the " Oxford Reference ": The mereological sum of two elements is the whole that consists of both of them, regardless of their spatial or other distance. The notion is not the same as that of the set whose members are the pair of objects: a mereological sum of two spatial objects is itself a larger spatial object, whereas a set is not. The basic character of a ''Group' is that it has no characteristics other than those of the individual elements. The only group that can have itself as a component element is the group of one element. This latter property is the peculiar characteristic of this concept of 'Group', in contrast to other aggregates except, as noted, for 'mereological sum'. But this characteristic is not used directly in this ontology, although it is implied. *NOTE* However, this property suggests that any given type is also a subtype of the ''Group'' that has only instances of that type as its component elements. Thus, logically the type ''Person'' would be a subtype of ''GroupOfPeople. However, if that is aserted explicity, it seems to cause the reasoner to slow down dramatically - somehow introducing unexpected complexity. SO if one wants to have as range of of a relation or object of some Event both a specifi type and a Group of that type, it is best for coputational purposes to eep both specific type ad Group of that type as separate elements in the range. This concept of 'Group' makes certain representations convenient. In some cases, we want to define a function that may return one or more elements, but if there is one element, we also want that single element to be identical to the single element, and not encapsulated in an enveloping element. Returning a Group will allow that behavior. Note that a relation on a Group that can be applied to individuals (i.e. is not specifically defined on the type 'Group' or a subtype thereof) will only sometimes apply both to the Group and to its individual elements. For example, if a Group is wholly located in some Place, then each element is wholly located in that Place. But the Group may have a mass, and no element will have the same mass if the Group has more than one element. Those relations will have to be specified for each relation individually, where such a relation holds. It may be convenient to define functions that extract members of a Group; for example, if one has an OrderedGroup one can have a function that unambiguously extracts the first member, and another function that extract all but the first member; this has some resemblance to the 'CAR' and 'CDR' of LISP, but an OrderedGroup is not necessarily a LIST in that sense. Using these functions would allow one to speak of the relation of one member of a Group relative to the 'others'. One philosophical issue that interacts with this concept of 'Group' is whether aggregates of objects (e.g. an animal or a galaxy) 'exist' independently of the human conception of such things. A seemingly evident 'yes' answer ignores the question of how such aggregates are organized, and whether those principles of organization in some sense 'exist' independent of a thinking agent that perceives the aggregate as organized. For a galaxy, for example, one can define a 'Group' that consists of all of the individual stars - that Group has a mass and location, and it seems clear that such a Group exists independently of any perceptions of it - but only if the individual stars also exist independently of human perception, and this is itself not clear. However, if one defines a 'Group' consisting of all of the fundamental particles in some volume of space, there may be reason to suppose that that Group' does exist independently of perception. As for the galaxy, the notions that are included in the concept of a 'galaxy', meaning that it is not merely a Group of stars, but also their specific spatial organization, the fact that they move together in a certain way, and the expectation that they will remain together over some interval of time, are not parts of the notion of a 'Group' of stars. There can be many 'Groups' of stars that are not galaxies; and the notion of a 'Group' of objects does not include any of these relational components. So, when this notion of a COSMO 'Group' is recognized, one may be able to more clearly distinguish entities that seem to have an existence completely independent of human perception (such as photons, electrons, and other fundamental, indivisible particles), and aggregates whose identity does depend on human categorization. The practical effect of this distinction is nonexistent in COSMO; each COSMO type (class) is intensionally defined by an ontologist, and therfore an abstract artifact; the instances of each type depend on the context (time, place, possible world). Those instances (if finite and non-zero) will form a Group, but it will often be the case that such a Group will be if no interest as a 'Group' in data processing or reasoning. COSMO is agnostic as to whether aggregates 'exist' independently of the way they are considered in the ontology or in applications; that philospophical issue does not seem to have any practical importance. Cyc Documentation for 'Group' (NOTE** some differences from COSMO 'Group'. In Cyc a Group must consist of Temporal Objects, but in COSMO it is more general. The Group membership relation also differs.) OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of temporal objects. Each instance of #$Group is a composite object made up of one or more individual objects or events. A group is related to each of its members by the predicate #$groupMembers (q.v.) [COSMO: 'hasComponentElement'] Note that instances of #$Group are _not_ collections. A group has temporal extent [COSMO: a Group may be abstract] and might have spatial location, while a collection is timeless and nonspatial. It is of course possible to define a collection parallel to any given group, so that the instances of the collection are exactly the group-members of that group; e.g. each toe on my left foot (and nothing else) is both an instance of the collection of my left toes and a member of the group of toes on my left foot. But that group (of my left toes) is a spatiotemporal thing while the correlated collection (of my left toes) is not. Similarly, if a certain flock of pigeons is considered as having a location, a spatial extent, and a time of existence, then the flock is being considered a _group_ and not a collection. Finally, unlike a collection, a group cannot be empty, but must have _at_least_one_ group-member. As a default, a group whose group-members all are instances of #$SomethingExisting is itself an instance of #$SomethingExisting, and a group whose group-members all are #$Events is itself an #$Event. Instances of #$Group include #$QueensGuard, #$ThreeWiseMen, #$SantasReindeer, and #$InternationalCommunity. Corresponds to FIBO 'collection' (from SKOS 'collection'): SKOS def: 'A meaningful collection of concepts.' FIBO scope note: 'Labelled collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed under a 'node label' in the hierarchy.' NOTE that the common senses of 'collection' and 'accumulation' are represented in subtype ''Accumulation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'group' and part of sense 1 of ''collection' (several things considered as a whole, regardless of whether they are in the same generic location) in WordNet: 1. (2350) group, grouping - (any number of entities (members) considered as a unit) WN WordNet noun sense 1 of 'collection' : 1. (12) collection, aggregation, accumulation, assemblage - (several things grouped together or considered as a whole)
Super-classes	Context^c owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	MentalObjectGroup^c Hydrocarbons^c ObligationGroup^c ArrangementOfLikeObjects^c ValueHistory^c AssertionGroup^c Quartet^c EqualityGroup^c TheoreticalModel^c Laundry^c UserInterface^c Iconography^c GroupOfSentences^c Truth^c MathematicalRepresentation^c Poetry^c MultipleAspects^c TypeFont^c Comparison^c OpinionDistribution^c ChessSet^c PostulatedScenario^c Calligram^c Genome^c MultipleDisciplines^c LineOfVerse^c Tasks^c GroupOfOrganizations^c ComputerGroup^c MilitaryAgent^c Coins^c Traffic^c Income^c Components^c IssueOfDispute^c EducationalSystem^c CommensurableQuantityGroup^c Particulars^c SpokenWords^c BroadcastChannel^c Conditions^c Details^c ArityGroup^c BackgroundExperiences^c GroupOfParts^c ProductSpecialization^c StreamSystem^c Revenue^c Disabilities^c FourSeasons^c WorkLoad^c ProsAndCons^c ComputerFileGroup^c Correspondence^c SkeletalStructure^c MusicalChord^c Corresponding^c PlanContext^c Columns^c Trio^c CardSuit^c Supply^c SpecificationGroup^c GroupOfCharacters^c Literature^c LitanyOfAssertions^c Inscription^c Firepower^c HeterogeneousGroup^c Nebula^c TwoElectricalDevices^c TimeIntervalGroup^c IndustrySector^c Equipment^c GroupOfQuestions^c GroupOfHumanGroups^c Cities^c LogicalContent^c CourseOfInstruction^c Header^c OrderedGroup^c RulesForConduct^c Guidance^c CompositeConcept^c RoleFunctions^c DiseaseGroup^c GroupOfRoles^c TaskDescription^c AgreeingAgents^c QuantityOfSomething^c SubstanceGroup^c MultipleSkills^c SolvingaProblem^c NeighborhoodFolk^c Caption^c Crayons^c UptownAndDowntown^c UndoneTasks^c Classification^c ObjectiveCriteria^c AbstractMusicAlbum^c Gamut^c LineOfPerforations^c Oratory^c Options^c MultiRoomUnit^c Cons^c VaporPressureGroup^c MovingTransportationDevices^c ProgrammedExercises^c OpposingOpinions^c OpinionPollResult^c PedestrianTraffic^c WordString^c AttributeGroup^c Mythology^c Software^c Song^c BusinessAsAnActivity^c InsuranceCoverage^c RealWorldTruth^c Topic^c Phrase^c SortedGroup^c PluralThing^c Comics^c Drainage^c Procedure^c SubGroup^c GamePoints^c SportsCompetition^c DatabaseGroup^c VirtualMarket^c GroupOfLines^c PromiseGroup^c Demographics^c Character^c EventGroup^c EquivalenceGroup^c Language^c AlgebraEquation^c Layers^c MixedCultures^c HomogeneousGroup^c PipingSystem-Generic^c Proof^c AgentGroup^c MilitaryCapability^c News^c Melody^c ClassicLiterature^c TravelPlan^c Equation^c CourseOfInstructionPlan^c TheRosary^c Rights^c Keyboard-Generic^c CumulativeEvidence^c Issue^c MaleDominated^c AllCourseGrades^c BaseballSeries^c QuantityGroup^c Icicles^c Scenario^c OccupationalScope^c QuotaLimit^c Personality^c GameScore^c Data^c Belongings^c Outskirts^c GroupOfWords^c RadiationContainmentSystem^c BodyOfAcceptedLore^c Education^c Ecosystem^c LegalSystem^c Strategy^c ContestResult^c PriceGroup^c Graffiti^c NaturalLanguageGroup^c GroupOfCountries^c Variety^c GroupOfPebbles^c Compiler^c Basics^c Ontology^c Contradiction^c Commentary^c Ethos^c CoreGroup^c LegalAllegation^c MusicalSuite^c Goal^c Holdings^c Grammar^c Economy^c Refreshment^c Repertoire^c TwoElectronicDevices^c Fiction-DerivedWorks^c Microtheory^c MultipleCauses^c SimilarityGroup^c Corpus^c BandOfValues^c TopicCoverage^c FinancialPortfolio^c Conscience^c CompetenceGroup^c GroupOfGroups^c MathematicalExpression^c MetricalFoot^c PropositionGroup^c Species^c TouristBusiness^c Compendium^c Stocks^c MatterForConsideration^c MilitaryEnemy^c ComplexContext^c Pair^c Theory^c Alphabet^c CartoonStrip^c
In domain of	areOfTheSameType^op areAlikeWRT^op atTime^op hasSubgroup^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MorningAndEvening http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfricaAndArabia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KidneyAndBladder http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElbowAndWrist http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RainbowColors http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EveningAndOneAM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DuodenumAndIleum http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KneeAndAnkle http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorsOfTheRainbow http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnkleAndToe http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunsetAndNightTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MorningAndAfternoon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WristAndFinger http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeckAndBack http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterEarAndEardrum http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LakeMeadAndBlackCanyon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThroatAndStomach Proximateness http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverAndSea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthAndSouthAmerica http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfternoonAndNightTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThroatAndTrachea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnusAndGenitalia

GroupAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupAttribute`
Description	A 'GroupAttribute' is an AttributeType that can qualify a Group, Set, or other aggregation. One example (a subtype) is Cardinality.
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	AverageAirTemperature^c Cardinality^c DegreeOfOrder^c HeterogeneityAttribute^c AverageHumidity^c

GroupOfAnimals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfAnimals`
Description	Each GroupOfAnimals is Group, each component element of which is an Animal (including people. For a group of non-human animals,use 'GroupOfBeasts'). There must be more than one animal in this kind of Group. This includes GroupOfPeople as a subtype.
Super-classes	GroupOfLifeForms^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (Animal^c or AnimalType^c)
Sub-classes	GroupOfVictims^c GroupOfPeople^c Generation^c Brood^c PrideOfLions^c ClusterOfAnimals^c GroupOfBeasts^c MatadorAndBull^c Lice^c Livestock^c Swarm^c

GroupOfBeasts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfBeasts`
Description	A 'GroupOfBeasts'' is a Group of which each component element is a NonHumanAnimal. `WN 'animal group' seems to have only non-human animals as subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal group' in WordNet: 1. animal group - (a group of animals)`
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Flock^c PackOfAnimals^c Herd^c CattleOrHorses^c WildLife^c Litter^c WolfPack^c

GroupOfCharacters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfCharacters`
Description	A ''GroupOfCharacters'' is a Group of printable symbols, either alphabetical or punctuation, abstract or physical.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (PhysicalCharacter^c or AbstractCharacter^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Word^c

GroupOfContestants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfContestants`
Description	A 'GroupOfContestants' is a ''AgentGroup'' including all the Contestants in a particular ''ConflictEvent''. Each ''Contestant'' could be a Team. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'contestant' in WordNet, and includes sense 1 of 'competitor' (which in the WordNet sense would be subtype of Contestant): in WordNet: 1. (1) contestant - (a person who participates in competitions) WN 'competitor' 1. (7) rival, challenger, competitor, competition, contender - (the contestant you hope to defeat; 'he had respect for his rivals'; 'he wanted to know what the competition was doing')`
Super-classes	AgentGroup^c GroupOfRoles^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ConflictEvent^c hasComponentElement^op only Contestant^c
Sub-classes	CoLocatedContestants^c

GroupOfCountries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfCountries`
Description	A ''GroupOfCountries'' is a ''Group'' of at least two 'Country''s.
Super-classes	Group^c GenericAgent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Country^c
Sub-classes	EuroZone^c TheOrient^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalticStates

GroupOfCultures^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfCultures`
Description	Each ''GroupOfCultures'' is Group of two or more ''Culture''s
Super-classes	PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Culture^c

GroupOfFeathers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfFeathers`
Description	A ''GroupOfFeathers'' is a Group of two or more ''Feather''s, whether still in situ on a Bird (the ''Plumage'') or gathered as a material for any purpose, such as 'down' in a 'down pillow'.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Feather^c
Sub-classes	BirdTail^c Plumage^c

GroupOfFoodObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfFoodObjects`
Description	''GroupOfFoodObjects'' is an ''ObjectGroup" most of the Objects of which are ''FoodObject''s.
Super-classes	Collection^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some FoodObject^c

GroupOfFormerAssociates^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfFormerAssociates`
Description	Each ''FormerAssociates'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a ''FormerAssociateAsociate''
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only FormerAssociate^c

GroupOfFourOrMorePeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfFourOrMorePeople`
Description	A ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' That has at least four members. They need not have any specific relation unless implied by the context. This is an instance of ''AgentType'' but the members of this type of group do not necessarily act in coordination.
Super-classes	GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	LargeGroupOfPeople^c Foursome^c

GroupOfFriends^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfFriends`
Description	A ''GroupOfFriends'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a ''Friend'' of each of the others. The degree of friendship can vary between the individual pairs.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Friend^c

GroupOfFurs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfFurs`
Description	A ''GroupOfFurs'' is a Group of ''FurPiece's.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only FurPiece^c

GroupOfGroups^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfGroups`
Description	Every ''GroupOfGroups'' is a ''Group'' each element of which is itself a 'Group''.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Group^c

GroupOfHorses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfHorses`
Description	A ''GroupOfVines'' is two or more ''Horse''s. The Person whose job it is to care for such a Group is commonly called a ''Wrangler''.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Horse^c

GroupOfHumanGroups^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfHumanGroups`
Description	Every ''GroupOfHumanGroups'' is a ''GroupOfGroups'' each element of which is a 'GroupOfPeople''.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	TwoHumanGroups^c

GroupOfIntentionalAgents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfIntentionalAgents`
Description	A ''GroupOfIntentionalAgents'' is a Group of which each component element is an 'IntentionalAgent'. This includes 'GroupOfPeople' but also includes groups of Organizations and is added to accomodate the FIBO use of 'autonomous agent' to include computer programs.
Super-classes	HomogeneousGroup^c AgentiveIntelligentObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (IntentionalAgent^c or AgentType^c) partsHaveTypeInCommon^op value IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	GroupOfPeople^c

GroupOfLifeForms^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfLifeForms`
Description	Each ''GroupOfLifeForms'' is Group, each component element of which is a ''LifeForm'' (Organism or virus).
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c AgentGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (LifeForm^c or LifeFormType^c)
Sub-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c

GroupOfLines^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfLines`
Description	Each 'GroupOfLines' is a 'Group' all of whose elements are 'Line's (abstract objects).
Super-classes	AbstractObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Line^c

GroupOfNations^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfNations`
Description	Each GroupOfNations is Group, each component element of which is a Country (a GeopoliticalEntity). There must be more than one Country in this kind of Group.
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c GroupOfOrganizations^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Country^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheEasternWorld http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CanadaMexicoAndUSA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheUnitedNations http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheWesternWorld

GroupOfNumbers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfNumbers`
Description	'A ''GroupOfNumbers'' is a ''Group'' of 'pure numbers', i.e. numbers without some unit of measure attached..
Super-classes	CommensurableQuantityGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only RealNumber^c

GroupOfOrganizations^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfOrganizations`
Description	A ''GroupOfOrganizations'' is a Group of which each component element is an ''Organization''.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Organization^c
Sub-classes	GroupOfNations^c Consortium^c

GroupOfParts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfParts`
Description	A ''GroupOfParts'' is any Group that consists of Things that are or were once a ''Part'' of some aggregate or Whole thing.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Part^c

GroupOfPebbles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfPebbles`
Description	A 'GroupOfPebbles'' is any Group of ''Pebble''s anywhere, but it is usually found in situ on the ground somewhere, auch as in a stream bed or beach or at the base of a cliff.
Super-classes	Group^c StoneObject-Natural^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Pebble^c

GroupOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfPeople`
Description	A GroupOfPeople is a Group of which each component element is a Person. GroupOfPeople is a category that may be used for convenience in talking about groups of people with some common characteristic. This is PhysicalObject with mass and location, etc. It is disjoint with Organization, which is a MentalObject; however, the common reference to an organization as the sum of its members is captured by the type 'OrganizationMembership', which includes as a subtype the group of people that form the membership of an organization. A GroupOfPeople is potentially an Agent, but in COSMO we have a subtype 'MultiPersonAgent' which is used to represent a GroupOfPeople that has actually acted as an agent. The difference of MultiPersonAgent from GroupOfPeople is subtle - This category should be used when the agency aspect of the GroupOfPeople is salient in the discourse. Because a 'GroupOfPeople' can be quite transitory - the people in a particular elevator at a particular time - they need not be viewed as an agent. When they have in fact acted in concert, they become a 'CollectiveAgent'. A Group may be defined extensionally (by enumeration) or intensionally (e.g. all the people in a building at some time)
Super-classes	CollectiveAgent^c GroupOfAnimals^c GroupOfIntentionalAgents^c HumanAgent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (Person^c or Organism^c or OrganismType^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	PeerGroup^c MusicalEnsemble^c EthnicGroup^c TwoCloseRelatives^c Colleagues^c Crew^c RowOfPeople^c Laity^c Everybody^c Threesome^c TheBlind^c GroupOfFriends^c MembersOfaLegislature^c Clergy^c CastOfaPerformance^c AgeCohort^c BodyOfPeople^c SocialGroup^c Administration^c Attendees^c Constituency^c HumanPopulation^c GroupOfFormerAssociates^c SocialCohort^c MilitaryCohort^c Chorus^c USStateGovernors^c TheElite^c Company-Guests^c Citizenry^c Nationality^c Couple^c PanelistGroup^c Congregation^c Electorate^c OrganizationMembers^c StartupGroup^c NeedyPeople^c MultipleRaces^c Dissenters^c Townspeople^c Grandparents^c TheMasses^c SchoolGrade^c Gendarmerie^c PoorPeople^c Customers^c SwissPeople^c BloodRelatives^c TourGroup^c WorkForce^c IndividualPerson^c PeopleOfaCollege^c MilitaryPersonnel^c StepFamily^c Contemporaries^c OnePerson^c PoliticalPartyMembers^c ProfessionalGoup^c OrchestraMembers^c Audience^c ConspiracyGroup^c Offspring^c RacialMinority^c Mankind^c Coauthors^c GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c Procession^c KinshipGroup^c CoFounders^c TheUnemployed^c Palestinians^c OtherPeople^c ThePublic^c PrivilegedAgent^c AudienceOfSpectators^c ThePress^c EnglishPeople^c Speakers^c Royalty^c RaceOfPeople^c Grandchildren^c Patrol^c BusinessManagement^c LowIncomeGroup^c TheNeedy^c Alumni^c ExpeditionaryGroup^c Cadre^c MusicGroup^c Directors^c Jury^c Womankind^c ActorsInaPerformance^c NeighborhoodFolk^c Queue^c Delegation^c AssemblageOfPeople^c Accompanier^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JapaneseSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwedishSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortugueseSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScottishSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Cyclists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IcelandicSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WelshSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ItalianSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnglishSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RussianSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#The911Attackers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArabicSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GermanSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DutchSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TagalogSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolishSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThaiSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatAndDianeCassidy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgraInhabitants http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MandarinSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurkishSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreekSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomeInhabitants http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwahiliSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesInhabitants http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanishSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavalPersonnel http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#COSMO_WorkingGroup http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfrikaansSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parisians http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanianSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HindiSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorwegianSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityInhabitants http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FarsiSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpanishSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChineseSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBritish http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HungarianSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericTerritoryInhabitants http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UkrainianSpeakers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#The911FirstResponders http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LatinSpeakers

GroupOfPhotographs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfPhotographs`
Description	A ''GroupOfPhotographs'' is a single ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that contains on it more than one independently exposed ''Photograph''s.
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Photograph^c

GroupOfQuestions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfQuestions`
Description	A GroupOfQuestions is a Group, each member of which is a Question.
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Question^c

GroupOfRecipes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfRecipes`
Description	A ''GroupOfRecipes'' is a Group of at least two ''FoodRecipe''s.
Super-classes	Recipe^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some FoodRecipe^c

GroupOfRoles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfRoles`
Description	A ''GroupOfRoles'' is a ''Group'' consisting of ''Role''s of any kind.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Role^c
Sub-classes	GroupOfVictims^c GroupOfContestants^c

GroupOfSentences^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfSentences`
Description	A GroupOfSentences is a Group, each member of which is a Sentence..
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Sentence^c

GroupOfSequins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfSequins`
Description	A Group of ''Sequin''s that may or may not be attached to a ''ClothingItem''. (this includes those in stock for later use)
Super-classes	PluralThing^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shiny^c hasComponentElement^op only Sequin^c isDesignedToAttachTo^op value ClothingItem^c

GroupOfStars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfStars`
Description	A ''GroupOfStars'' is any Group of one or more ''Star''s considered as one entity, regardless of whether they appear as a ''Constellation'' from the earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'asterism' in WordNet: 2. asterism - ((astronomy) a cluster of stars (or a small constellation))`
Super-classes	OuterSpaceObject^c Cluster^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Star^c
Sub-classes	Constellation^c

GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople`
Description	A ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' That has at least two members. They need not have any specific relation unless implied by the context. This is an instance of ''AgentType'' but the members of this type of group do not necessarily act in coordination.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	GroupOfFourOrMorePeople^c CoupleOfPeople^c Entourage^c MultiPersonAgent^c GroupOfWomen^c

GroupOfVessels^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfVessels`
Description	A GroupOfVessel is a group of PhysicalObjects, each of which is a Vessel. Such a group can contain any kind of boat or ship, such as the flotilla that paraded in New York harbor to celebrate the US bicentennial in 1976, or the yachts participating in a yacht race.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Vessel^c
Sub-classes	TheShipsOfTheFleet^c

GroupOfVictims^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfVictims`
Description	A ''GroupOfVictims'' is a Group of which each component element is a ''Victim''.
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c GroupOfRoles^c AgentiveIntelligentObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only GenericVictim^c
Sub-classes	BigGroupOfVictims^c

GroupOfVines^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfVines`
Description	A ''GroupOfVines'' is a number of ''Vine''s that form a perceptible group, as do the rows of grapevines in a Vineyard, or the hanging tangle of vines in a dense Jungle.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Vine^c

GroupOfWings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfWings`
Description	A ''GroupOfWings'' is two or more ''Wing''s on the same Animal (bird or insect)
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2

GroupOfWomen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfWomen`
Description	A ''GroupOfWomen'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'', all of whom are women.
Super-classes	GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2

GroupOfWords^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupOfWords`
Description	`Any Group of words.`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Word^c

GroupPractice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupPractice`
Description	A GroupPractice is a type of Practice practiced commonly by or within a Group. It may be a behavior of an individual, distinctive to a particular group, or it may be a social behavior involving more than one person in a group. If it is frequent and distinctive of a particular Group, it would be a 'Custom', a subtype of this Type.
Super-classes	Practice^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	Custom^c

GroupResistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupResistance`
Description	''GroupResistance'' is a '''Rebelling'' that is performed by some substantial number of people with the hope or expectation of forcing change of policy by pressure of numbers,or by violent action. `Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'resistance' in WordNet: 10. resistance - (group action in opposition to those in power)`
Super-classes	Rebelling^c
Sub-classes	Rebellion^c

GroupThoughtType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupThoughtType`
Description	''GroupThoughtType'' is a metatype that can be used as the Metaclass for Classes of Actions that involve Groups of people judging or discussing. `As of rev1665 this is used for 'Judging' and 'Discussion' but could also be used for any action by a group that involves collective deciding, or evalation.`
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	Judging Discussion

GroupTransfer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupTransfer`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Actions in which something changes membership with respect to some instance of #$Group or Organization; i.e. actions in which something becomes a #$groupMembers of some group, ceases to be a #$groupMembers of some group, or is moved from one group to another. This collection includes a wide variety of group transfers, including those among organizations, instances of #$SystemOfDevices, (#$GroupFn #$ProfessionalSportsTeam) or #$Family-SocialEntity. For further clarification see the #$NoteAboutGroupTransfers. Note that if a group has a #$groupMemberType assertion for it, then anything transferred out of it must be of that type. See also #$GroupTransferIn, #$GroupTransferOut, #$toGroup and #$fromGroup. You may also want to look at #$OrganizationalTransfer and constants closely related to it.
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c PurposefulAction^c ChangeOfStatusEvent^c
Restrictions	hadGroup^op some (Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c or OrganizationType^c or Object^c or Organization^c or Group^c or SubstanceType^c) hadTransferredMember^op some (Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c or OrganizationType^c or Object^c or Organization^c or Group^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	GroupTransferOut^c OrganizationalTransfer^c GroupTransferIn^c
In domain of	hadGroup^op hadTransferredMember^op

GroupTransferIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupTransferIn`
Description	A subcollection of #$GroupTransfer. Instances of this collection are those in which there is necessarily something that becomes a #$groupMembers of some instance of #$Group. This is a very diverse subcollection of #$TransferIn, including transfers into organizations, families (e.g. adoption), systems of physical devices, teams or anything represented as a subcollection of #$Group in the Cyc ontology. For further clarification see the #$NoteAboutGroupTransfers. See also #$GroupTransferOut, #$toGroup and #$fromGroup. You may also want to look at #$OrganizationalTransfer and constants closely related to it.
Super-classes	TransferIn^c GroupTransfer^c
Sub-classes	PoolingResources^c JoiningAnOrganization^c

GroupTransferOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupTransferOut`
Description	A subcollection of #$GroupTransfer. Instances of this collection are those actions in which there is necessarily something that ceases to be a #$groupMembers of some instance of #$Group. This is a very diverse subcollection of #$TransferOut, including transfers out of organizations, systems of physical devices, teams or anything represented as a subcollection of #$Group in the Cyc ontology. For further clarification see the #$NoteAboutGroupTransfers. Note that if the group has a #$groupMemberType assertion for it, then anything transferred out of it must be of that type. See also #$GroupTransferIn, #$toGroup and #$fromGroup. You may also want to look at #$OrganizationalTransfer and constants closely related to it.
Super-classes	TransferOut^c GroupTransfer^c
Sub-classes	DisbandingaGroup^c LeavingAnOrganization^c

GroupType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupType`
Description	GroupType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects and Events and attributes and an argument restriction for various relations on types of Groups (not just People, but any type of Group). This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	CardSuitType^c InventionType^c PairType^c CollectionType^c IndustryOrEconomicSectorType^c
In range of	hasAssociatedGroupType^op
Members	ComputerLanguage TopicList PairOfBoots PairOfGloves EternalBliss Personality Attendees Development BroadcastChannel RankOfPeople PairOfAgents Conditions FragmentGroup GameScore RelationDefault Children InfraredSpectrum DefendersOfPrinciple Supplies Lump Luggage WorkingCareer DiceThrowScore Buddhism Pattern Capitalism VaporPressure GroupOfWords Prevalence CattleOrHorses HumanPopulation Ecosystem OrganizationHierarchy ShortBristles FirstTournamentRound SubstanceGroup Huddle GroupOfParts Shrapnel Works OtherPeople TwoAgentDeal Shortlist Knowledge ProductSpecialization Consortium Tutorial Strategy RotorCoil TractorTrailer ContainerAndContents SensorSignal Trend Subtrahend DirectedAcyclicGraph ElectronicSystem FloralWreath Graffiti TwoCloseRelatives StreamSystem CommunityOfInterest PrideOfLions ScheduledEvent Culture Rigging GroupOfPebbles GroupOfFormerAssociates Jetsam SetOfSlides BloodClot ElectricPowerGrid CastOfaMovie PeptideChain TheShipsOfTheFleet AudienceOfSpectators Classmates TrendingPattern IceFloe GrandJury StartingPlace PandemicDisease MiniSeries ClusterOfAnimals Correspondence Semantics PatternOfPoints Chorus QuantitativeData PlacementOfObjects BothEars ReactionChain PackOfChocolateBars Swarm Weaponry Disabilities Pentameter Pounding Ancestry EconomicSystem Balustrade Hodgepodge Leadership SkeletalStructure Gradient UnitRatio CherokeeLanguage Gang StarSystem TwoLanguages Implication WiringSystem MusicalSuite CompetitorQuartet CriminalUnderworld Formation GrammarClause ElementPeriod PhysicalArray MobOfHair-Mammal CoreGroup Columns LongInsectLegs ClassroomAttendees Mythology Trivia TwoSides Compilation Folklore Standardizing TuxedoOutfit FinalTournamentRound Thicket SpecificationGroup Convoy Holdings LinearlyOrderedTrio Draw Refreshment Graph Community LotsOfStuff MagicShow GroupOfFriends Economy LinearlyOrderedGroup Personnel Flock MobOfThings Provisions TieredSeats Playoff SetOfTeeth BeliefGroup GovernmentOfficials Nosegay GroupOfCharacters GovernmentalPolicy HumanOccupancy Phrase GroupOfAnimals IntendedMeaning FarewellPhrase GroupOfIntentionalAgents SortedGroup Microtheory Stock Society Pelvis Faggot Firepower Tarsus Citizenry Database JigsawPuzzle SpinalColumn Smorgasbord Tuxedo Stagnation VehicleQueue Reservoir PackOfAnimals FiveYearPlan ChristianGroup LittleLeagueTeam Analogy VirtualMarket ActivityTypeFocusGroup BandOfValues Generation FetusAndPlacenta Documents TheOrient PanelistGroup TwoElectricalDevices Ambulation StringOfBeads Gene NucleicAcidMolecule Beads PropositionPair GroupOfLines TVAudience Continuum Connotation EmissionSpectrum HerdOfCattle StartupGroup Combination Autism FinancialPortfolio Stripes TimeLine Electorate ResidentsAtTime Machinery ScatteringApart System OrganizationMembers NanoTube GoverningAsaDictator ChainOfCommand Utterance CountryLife IndustrySector Encyclopedia Speckles Series TravelPlan Cities Bundle MilitaryFlank Tangle News GovernmentBureaucracy BattingLineup Equipment TravelingWidely Conscience BacklightingEquipment Cascade Demographics Exhibit GroupOfHumanGroups MiddleClass Silt MultipleRaces ReigningAsaSovereign BandOfPeople Dishes Dissenters Instructions ListOfPeople LogicalContent ClassInstructionPlan Patrol RoundOfaCompetition Memorabilia TheMasses MusicalTheme Intonation MetricalFoot Stuff PlaidPattern PropositionGroup Cairn PlasticWrappedPackOfEightChocolateBars BusinessManagement VehicularTraffic CumulativeEvidence WeightSet TruckTraffic GolfHolePar Species ContainedObjects Administration CompositeConcept Compendium PoorPeople Alumni Heap SwissPeople ProcessiveEvent PeptideMolecule Bunch Outbreak PackOfThings EmergencyProcedure Cadre OccupationalScope PirateCrew MoviePreview MassAudience Freckles Stocks GroupOfNumbers MatterForConsideration VoltageMeasure ExclusiveOption MusicGroup ReligiousOrder MilitaryEnemy Pair Jargon CoinCollection ChemicalSequence TheologicalSystem CoLocatedContestants NonLinearEquation DomainOfKnowledge PalletLoad Stash Jury GovernmentalCommune PromoterSequence TourGroup Group Assembly MarriedCouple Womankind MultipleCurves WorkForce MembersOfParliament BoardGame-EquipmentSet CellMembraneAndGenome Theory SolvingaProblem DirectedGraph CartoonStrip Constituency TheTires Accumulation Issue RadiationContainmentSystem GroupOfWomen Diaspora Knicknacks QuantityOfSomething MentalObjectGroup ActionSeries AssertionGroup DevelopedMuscles MultipleSkills SocialSphere Fractionation PitchersMound ObligationGroup RosaryBeads ArrangementOfLikeObjects GameEquipment MilitaryPersonnel StepFamily BothBreasts Snowdrift UptownAndDowntown Cymbals Queue LeftAndRightMargins CommunicationProtocol BottleOfStuff Same-SexCouple LowerMiddleClass TwoElectricCircuits Gamut Word Gunfire EqualityGroup BottleOfChampagne ProfessionalGoup ProteinMolecule ObjectiveCriteria CityObject GroupOfPhotographs OrchestraMembers GroupOfCountries Laundry StereophonicSpeakerSystem FieldOfStudy Photography Epidemic Variety BothParents Gravamen FineParticles RectangularPoints AbstractMusicAlbum LineOfPerforations Commentary Spectacle MilitaryCohort TwoElectrodes AudioSystem TelevisonSeries Matriarchy Iconography CosmeticMeasures Denotation TeamMembers Backlog MultiRoomUnit Bale Parish SocialMovement Terminology TaskList Vegetation PairOfNeighbors CardiovascularSystem EightChocolateBars MilitaryCadre VaporPressureGroup MusicalEnsemble SetOfObjects LargeGroupOfPeople Shipment CountryObject CodeOfEthics Pack MultipleAspects SeminarCourse Glamor TwoSteelBeams Sentence Collection Ordeal PairOfSandals Load TypeFont ActorsLine Sect ChessSet PairOfDice Bleachers MountainRange RacialMinority Cue PrepositionalPhrase OpinionPollResult GrassRoots Tabloid BroadcastSeries TearyEyes Readership GreetingPhrase GroupOfFurs OccupyingaPlace Governing Compiler MuslimGroup Symbolization ToDoList ComputerInstructionSequence BaseSequence Protruding Iamb SolubilityValue PostulatedScenario Synagogue-LocalCongregation Ringlet PopulationCharacteristicDistribution PatchworkQuilt Calligram Paragraph BasketballLeague CulturalTaste Molecule JobFunctions Genome MultipleDisciplines TwoElectronicDevices Policy LineOfVerse Mob Company-Guests Alignment Ratchet Array GoodTime Academia RowOfPeople OverlappingPartly Coauthors DeviceGroup InsuranceCoverage GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople Bouquet BothArms Procession Coins Income Corrugation AdjacentDrainageBasins SeriesWithoutRepetition EighthNote Components SpatialArangement Corolla IssueOfDispute ComputerComponents Dynasty DoubeHeader ProgrammingLanguage Foursome TournamentRound Wreath TelephoneLink PersonAndAnimal InterestGroup SpatiotemporalRegionSeries ThreeSupportingWheels Drainage EducationalSystem Cartel DanceBand CommensurableQuantityGroup Particulars BothTusks SubGroup SpokenWords GovernmentProgram DatabaseGroup FinalScore OrganismPrevalence CoFounders Ravelings Threesome TwoFemalePeople OrganizationMembership ValueTimeTable PeriodicalSeries JazzBand MembersOfaLegislature Subscription EnemyGroup TheUnemployed LifeExperiences Linguistics LeftWing ArityGroup NonMarketEconomy Distribution BullsEye ShutoutScore SmokeObject HumanLanguage AirTemperatureGroup Palestinians Hunk Boxcars GroupOfVictims SocialBody TwoLiquids Taliban Priesthood EventGroup BiologicalEvolution SimilarityGroup Turnout Metabolizing ArtificialLanguage Headphones Nationality RespiratoryTract NativeAmericans GroupOfFourOrMorePeople Revenue Lice GroupOfGroups CyclicEventSeries NameList SocialDomain LongLegs WideOpenEyes Package Kit Wreckage Planting PrivilegedAgent PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars PublicSector Complement Corps FieldOfExpertise ReiterativeEventSeries ComputerProgram SpeakerSystem Gendarmerie PoliticalCadre Technobabble TheOccult EternalLife Contract FourSeasons Agglomeration PipingSystem-Generic Merchandise Sib WorkLoad AgentGroup ProsAndCons GrammaticalConstituent Litter Socialism Mutation LongArms GroupOfFeathers Defenders ThePress MusicalChord ClassicLiterature GenerationOfContemporaries Feudalism CourseOfLectures FractionalDistillation EliminationCompetition Corresponding CriminalGang Grandstand SnakeEyes GothicFont CourseOfInstructionPlan Bubbles Coincidence LibraryCollection TheRosary Keyboard-Generic AgeCohort BodyOfPeople FlockOfSheep EnglishPeople Civilization Builder Buddhists SportsLeague Rights ABCs AllLegs Paradox StreetGang Tournament Legislating Supply MembersOfaSenate ExtendingOutward Trilogy ProcessiveAction PossibleFutureAction BoxOfPlayingCards DisplayedObjects MaleDominated Clot Communism RightAndLeftFields AllCourseGrades OverlappingParts LearningExperience Sidebar Customers Rally PairOfSneakers AnswerPrevalence ChainOfThings Icicles IrishFolklore PokerDeck Literature ProductsForSale Antics TieScore ReligiousGroup NewspaperSeries MultipleSkillEvent BuffetMeal TwoLovers Seating EuroZone ObjectTrio IceMass PlasticWrappedPackage Inflection ChopSticks LocalGroup WrappedPackage Contemporaries PeroxideGroup Familiarity LitanyOfAssertions Speakers SuitOfClothing Belongings ReligiousMovement BothHands WomensRights GroupOfWings AssemblyOfMachineParts HighSpeedTraffic Evolution Data DeckOfCards FullereneMolecule Dichotomy Royalty BothLips Tableware Drift ClosableChain WolfPack ActionGroup Erudition GolfEagle Education ProcessualContext Audience ChronologicalSequence Purpose Nebula MannerOfSpeaking SocialClass Offspring BuckyBall PersonWageEntry Obligation GenericWebPage PhysicalSeries LittleLeaguer Inventory Living LegalSystem Ministry TimeIntervalGroup ContestResult RelativeHumidityGroup RowOfButtons GroupOfLifeForms AlternativePair PriceGroup CastOfaDramaticPerformance CoupleOfPeople UrinaryTract Journal Caste Faction CarPool BeliefSystem NationalEconomy SocialCohort TuftOfStrands IntuitiveThought Sociology WorkCrew NaturalLanguageGroup CommonFolk Bristles Enlightenment Edification GroupOfQuestions LongLife GroupOfBeasts PairOfLungs Basics HeatingAndCoolingSomething Phonology Grandchildren BottleOfWine Ontology DualFinalScore Contradiction CourseOfInstruction Folks MathematicalRepresentation HotLine Tasks Game-EquipmentSet Guidance TakingTurns WorkingClass USStateGovernors Ethos RateMeasure IdiomaticExpression Vocabulary Innings Choir OrderedGroup RulesForConduct NotMarriedCouple LowIncomeGroup Footage Terrorism SystemOfRules BothEyes TheNeedy TrashItems MovieClip Design RealLife Comparison CrissCross StationeryProduct BodyTract Syndrome LightingEquipment Goal PairOfEvents Explosives GroupOfNations HouseholdItems TaskDescription Codification LegalAllegation EliminationTournament CrosswordPuzzle Headset Teeth GroupOfRoles Activism PolarOpposites IndividualVocabulary BeingOnHorseback TransactionSeries TheElite VisualPattern InstructionsDocument OrganizationEmployees Grammar Dots Interplay SandDune BothHeels RatingScale ShipCrew HubAndRim ReiterativeActionSeries AgreeingAgents MultipleCauses Brothers Furnishings LotOfThings Crayons AdulteringCouple PairOfAnimals NeighborhoodFolk FashionableClothing StringOfObjects EconomicClass Feast Caption Fiction-DerivedWorks Event Redesign SymbolicMeaning FreeMarket BankAndCustomer Vertebrae GroupOfPeople SurfacePattern TopicCoverage UndoneTasks Corpus MatadorAndBull CrissCrossPattern Classification Wardrobe VotingBloc PopularityRating Phenotype ProductionCrew Couple Flashing Population GroupOfVessels GalleryOfSpectators Ensemble ElectricalReactor LotsOfTrees TwoMalePeople ClothingOutfit BothThumbs ActionWithAccompaniment Crop ArtisticMovement RadioOrTVAudience Ecstasy RegularFare AssemblageOfPeople Deal Cons TwoDimensionalTable PetitJury Openness EmployedStaff Options WaterReservoir Accompanier StreakOfEvents Spots Demography LotsOfInformation ManagedEconomy PeerGroup Reliving NewsroomStaff PairOfObjects Stand PileOfSnow ComputerFileGroup FillingInaPosition Monarchy NeedyPeople ProgrammedExercises ProseArticle WallCoping Mane MilitaryFormation GroupOfContestants PayingOutaPension Competitors CompetenceGroup Spawn AttributeGroup EthnicGroup ProcessualEntity MultiCourseMeal MarketEconomy WinningScore OpposingOpinions NewspaperHeadline Tribe Band-MusicGroup PlanContext MetaCarpus DateMark TwoAdjacentClauses MathematicalExpression Clique Grandparents BaseballLeague BigGroupOfVictims Nugget Clan WordString EmulatorProgram TalibanMilitia PlentyOfThings MultiPersonAgent SchoolGrade Colleagues BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage FishingLineAndHook Cargo WildLife HavingSomethingInCommon Software ContainmentPolicy BusinessAsAnActivity TouristBusiness BothFeet SetOfSpokes Decathlon Foliage Crew ObjectGroup Playsuit Song Catatonia Cluster LightingArrangement RhetoricalPhrase Minuend TheMob TwoHumanGroups LivingThings HairOnHead Proximateness BothScores RealWorldTruth Fluke Topic NewLife BloodRelatives Overtones SalientEvent ComplexContext Laity Throbbing SportsCompetition Banquet BrideAndGroom Notion PluralThing Trio PatternOfLines Comics BodyOfAcceptedLore Chain Anthology PoliceForce WispOfHair Procedure FloralArrangement Froth Arrangement TwoWings Imperialism Alphabet Familiarization SpectrumOfValues BothWings TheNobility Cordillera IndividualPerson Cabal Lore ValueTimeEntry MarkupLanguage PromiseGroup TimeAndPlace FormOfGovernment PeopleOfaCollege MovieProductionCrew TheBlind Hydrocarbons GroupOfVines Disenchantment NaturalLanguage AttributeRateOfChange List ConnectedPair Stack SemifinalTournamentRound ValueHistory Cliche MagazineSeries Whiskers Sociolinguistics PadOfPaper Quartet BodyOfIce JuryPanel OnePerson Character MeetingAgenda Sodality Hierarchy UserInterface BothLegs SiltBed IndividualScore Inscription TipToes ModusOperandi Backgammon-EquipmentSet Mafia SequenceOfStates HeartBeating AccountingSystem MajorLeague Faculty Mound PoliceLineup Clergy FoundingAnOrganization BeingDead Marxism Layers LosingScore TabularOrderedGroup SocialSystem EventTrajectory PileOfRubble CastOfaPerformance EquivalenceGroup Brood SiouxTribe Contraband Language HTML GroupOfSentences HeterogeneousGroup Herd Throng Truth MinorLeague AlgebraEquation Header OrderedTrio FullComplement RibCage Ammunition BadExperience PixelImage MixedCultures ConspiracyGroup NovelSeries GoverningaCountry Lifetime HedgeRow GroupOfCultures GolfScore ElectromagneticSpectrum HomogeneousGroup Choices OpinionDistribution FourFurnitureLegs ElectricalRelay DiseaseGroup EightPackOfChocolateBars ExpeditionaryGroup BoomerGeneration MilitaryCapability Equation Patriarchy OrderedPairOfThings Ration PairOfShoes Melody Flotsam TheseDays UnknownEvent SectorOfSociety RockMusicGroup EventSeries PoliticalPolicy Patchwork GroupOfSequins RowOfObjects Cult Horde Cuttings LineOfText-Abstract Mankind SheafOfCords Womanizing Genotype Sequence FoodOnTheTable Repertoire ShipsCargo Eyelashes BeingInaPlace WageList TheSyndicate LittleLeague ActorsInaPerformance Axiom SocialGroup Scenario PiecesOfMail GroupOfOrganizations ComputerGroup Subscale TenYearPlan MilitaryAgent BaseballSeries Traffic Nuance NervousSystem WaterWaves QuantityGroup SeriesOfImages BothSideburns IndustrialProcessiveEvent GroupOfHorses PluralistSystem PairOfPlantParts Delegation UpperClass StageOrSet Tandem DNAMolecule ElementGroup KinshipGroup CrowdOfPeople Livestock ExecutingaProcedure PastEvent Sheaf Grating CoupPlotters

GroupVariation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupVariation`
Description	Each 'GroupVariation' is a numerical Attribute of a Group indicating a certain specific kind of variation that can be found in that Group. This type can be used to describe the specific manner in which the members of a Group vary among themselves in some respect. For some instance of 'Group' (e.g. called Group1, the varied group), the 'GroupVariation' Attribute is represented as another Group (Group2, the attribute facet group), each element of which describes a different facet of the variation. The first element of the attribute facet group is either an AttributeType or the type (OWL:Class) that specifies what varies among the elements of Group1 (the varied group) (i.e. is this a variation of attribute values or of types?). The second element of Group2 (the attribute facet group) is a number specifying the number of different AttributeValues or types (OWL:Classes) represented in Group1 (the varied group), which is also the cardinality of the Group pointed to by the third element. The third element is a Group (Group3, the group of variables) of instances of OWL:Thing that specify the actual values of the AttributeValues or OWL:Classes that are represented in Group1 (the varied group). The fourth element is a fraction in the range of zero to 1, inclusive, representing the ratio of the number of elements in Group3 to the number of elements in Group1 (the varied group). This Attribute is not an Event, as with most ontology elements that label English verbs; the notion of 'varying' that is represented here is not an Event, but rather a specification of a distribution. These elements of the Attribute indicate what kind and degree of variability exists among the elements of Group1 (the varied group, the group of which the Attribute instance is an Attribute). For an example instance of 'GroupVariation' see 'RainbowColorTypes' under 'ColorsOfTheRainbow'. NOTE that, as an Attribute, it is possible to specify the value of an instance of this type using a 'hasValue' relation. The likelihood is that, for any given type of variation that one wants to specify, a different instance of this type will have to be created. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'vary' in WordNet; to say that 'prices vary with vendor' one would start with a Group of prices, one for each vendor, and then use this Attribute to specify the degree of variation within that Group: in WordNet: 3. (7) vary - (be subject to change in accordance with a variable; 'Prices vary'; 'His moods vary depending on the weather')
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c Attribute^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some PositiveInteger^c isAnAttributeOf^op some Group^c hasFourthElement^op some FractionFrom0to1^c hasThirdElement^op some Group^c
Sub-classes	AttributeVariation^c

GroupVolume^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupVolume`
Description	Each 'GroupVolume' is the ''PhysicalSpaceRegion'' within the ''ConvexHull'' that encloses all the parts of all of the objects in that Group. This is the ''PhysicalSpaceRegion'' that contains all of the objects, and whose surface sides between the enclosed objects have no inward projections.
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c

Grout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grout`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grout' in WordNet: 1. grout - (a thin mortar that can be poured and used to fill cracks in masonry or brickwork)
Super-classes	Mortar^c Plaster^c

Growing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Growing`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'growing' in Wordnet: 1. (21) growing - (increasing in size or degree or amount; 'her growing popularity'; 'growing evidence of a world depression'; 'a growing city'; 'growing businesses')`
Super-classes	Increasing^c
Sub-classes	Fast-Growing^c

GrowingAggressively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingAggressively

Description

''GrowingAggresively'' is a specialization of ''FastGrowing'', used mostly to characterize ''Tumor''s that are speading rapidly.

        Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'aggressive' (for tumors) in Wordnet:
          2. aggressive, fast-growing, strong-growing - (tending to spread quickly; 
              'an aggressive tumor')

Super-classes Fast-Growing^c

GrowingCorn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingCorn`
Description	''GrowingGrainCrops'' is a form of ''GrowingGrainCrops'' in which the 'crop' is ''Corn. `No WN entrey for 'growing corn'.`
Super-classes	GrowingGrainCrops^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Corn^c typicallyOccursAt^op value CornField^c

GrowingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingEvent`
Description	An Event in which something changes some characteristics by increasing in size or mass or complexity due to some action or internal proess of its own. Usually this refers to growth (at any stage from embryo to adult) of an organism or part of an organism, but crystals and mountains can 'grow'. This is considered an Action, though it is not voluntary. In the case of inanimate things like crystals and mountains, attributing 'agency' to them is an included borderline use of the notion of 'GenericAgent'. For 'growing' that is not a physical increase of an Object (as in knowledge) use 'Development'. An Object produced by a 'GrowingEvent' is a 'Growth'. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'growth' and verb sense 3 of 'grow' in WordNet (though WordNet 'growth' seems strictly biological, in contrast to the definition of 'grow'): in WordNet: WN 'grow' 3. (34) grow - (increase in size by natural process; 'Corn doesn't grow here'; 'In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees'; 'her hair doesn't grow much anymore') WN 'growth': 1. (37) growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis - ((biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; 'he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children')
Super-classes	Action^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Growth^c
Sub-classes	Germinating^c GrowingQuickly^c Gestation^c OutgrowingClothes^c ThrivingEvent^c

GrowingGrainCrops^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingGrainCrops`
Description	''GrowingGrainCrops'' is a form of ''CommercialFarming'' in which some 'grain crop' is grown (as contrasted with raising animals). `No specific WN sense of 'growing crops'`
Super-classes	GrowingPlants^c CommercialFarming^c
Restrictions	produces^op value GrainSeeds^c occursAt^op value GrainField^c typicallyOccursAt^op value Farm^c
Sub-classes	GrowingCorn^c

GrowingGrapes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingGrapes`
Description	''GrowingGrapes'' is a type of 'CommercialFarming' in which grape plants are grown and ''Grape''s produced on a commercial scale - an annual production of over 5000 grapes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viticulture' in WordNet: 1. viticulture, viniculture - (the cultivation of grapes and grape vines; grape growing)`
Super-classes	CommercialFarming^c GrowingPlants^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Grape^c typicallyOccursAt^op value Vineyard^c produces^op value GrapeVine^c

GrowingHousePlants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingHousePlants`
Description	''GrowingHousePlants'' is ''GrowingPlants'' for personal use or enjoyment, with the most common final goal of displaying those plants indoors. `The activity of a 'garden center' that grows ''HousePlant''s for sale is included in this type.`
Super-classes	GrowingPlants^c Cultivation^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value HousePlant^c

GrowingPlants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingPlants`
Description	''GrowingPlants'' is raising plants for personal use or for sale, on a farm or in a garden or even indoors, on any scale or for any purpose; this includes the reaping of the crops (if any) as a subevent. The product 'Food' is included in the output, as it can be a goal of the action and a simple step from reaping the plants. `(''GrowingPlants'' in the ground (not indoors) is ''Cultivation'. Commercial raising of plants is included in ''CommercialFarming''.) The WN noun 'gardening' seems to include personal as well as commercial raising of crops, and that is the intended broad snes of thus type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horticulture' in Wordnet: 1. gardening, horticulture - (the cultivation of plants)`
Super-classes	BiologicalProductionEvent^c AgricultureOrHusbandry^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (Plant^c or Food^c or FoodType^c or PlantType^c)
Sub-classes	GrowingGrainCrops^c Cultivation^c GrowingGrapes^c GrowingHousePlants^c CommercialFarming^c Gardening^c

GrowingQuickly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingQuickly`
Description	An Event in which something (Object or EventType) Grows in size, rapidly rather than slowly - relative to the context. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'grow' in WordNet: 2. (62) grow - (become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; 'The problem grew too large for me'; 'Her business grew fast')`
Super-classes	GrowingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Larger^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Quick^c
Sub-classes	UncontrolledGrowth^c BurgeoningEvent^c

GrowingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingSomething`
Description	The Action in which some *subject Organism 'acquires' or 'gets' some attribute or Object by a gradual process. This has some similarities with 'DevelopingSomething'' but is not necessarily an intentional action, so is not a subtype. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 3 of 'acquire' in WordNet: 3. (3) grow, develop, produce, get, acquire - (come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); 'He grew a beard'; 'The patient developed abdominal pains'; 'I got funny spots all over my body'; 'Well-developed breasts')`
Super-classes	GainingSomething^c BecomingEvent^c Development^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Organism^c hasThingAcquired^op some (AttributeValue^c or AttributeValueType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or SubstanceType^c or PersistentState^c or EventType^c or Account^c or AccountType^c) causes^op value HavingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Branching^c RegrowingSomething^c Teething^c

GrowingThickly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GrowingThickly

Description

''GrowingThickly'' is an attribute characterizing plants that are growing closely together.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'thick' in Wordnet:
          5. dense, thick - (hard to pass through because of dense growth; 
              'dense vegetation'; 'thick woods')

Super-classes Dense^c

Growling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Growling`
Description	An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$MakingAnOralSound. Each instance of #$Growling is an event in which a #$GrowlingSound is produced. `NOTE: this is for sounds emited by animals - the WN sense is mixed with inanimate objects. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'growl' (not 'rumbling' for inanimate objects) in WordNet: 1. (4) grumble, growl, rumble - (to utter or emit low dull rumbling sounds; 'he grumbled a rude response'; 'Stones grumbled down the cliff')`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BarkingSound^c

Growth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Growth

Description

'Growth' is a very general term, meaning anything produced by a 'GrowingEvent'. Linguistically the meanings tend to me more specialized, but dependent on context.

        Includes noun senses 4, 6, and 7 of 'growth' in WordNet:
          4. (3) growth - (vegetation that has grown; 'a growth of trees';
              'the only growth was some salt grass')
      6. growth - ((pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor))
          7. growth - (something grown or growing; 'a growth of hair')

Super-classes SolidObject^c

Grub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grub`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grub' in WordNet: 2. (1) grub - (a soft thick wormlike larva of certain beetles and other insects)`
Super-classes	Larva^c
Sub-classes	Maggot^c

Grudge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grudge`
Description	This sense of ''Grudge''includes a mild feeling of ''Resentment'' at being wronged, as well as a stronger feeling that can motivate retaliation, and all levels in between. Having a ''Grudge'' may cause a Person to make a 'Grievance (an Allegation) against the Person who did the Action causing the Grudge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grievance' in WordNet: 1. (1) grudge, score, grievance - (a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation; 'holding a grudge'; 'settling a score')`
Super-classes	Resentment^c
Restrictions	mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op some (HarmingAnAgent^c or Wrongdoing^c or DeprivingOfaRight^c or ActionType^c)

Grudging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grudging

Description

Grudging'' is a more intensive subattribute of ''Reluctant'' and, like ''Reluctant'', is an attribute of someone experiencing ''Reluctance''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grudging' in Wordnet:
         1. grudging - (of especially an attitude; 'gave grudging consent'; 
            'grudging acceptance of his opponent's victory')

Super-classes Reluctant^c

Grudgingly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grudgingly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'grudgingly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) grudgingly - (in a grudging manner; 'he grudgingly agreed to have a drink in a hotel close by')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Grumbling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grumbling

Description

''Grumbling'' is a complaining by Speaking in a low muttering manner.,

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grumble' in WordNet:
          2. (3) murmur, mutter, grumble, croak, gnarl -
              (make complaining remarks or noises under one's breath; 
              'she grumbles when she feels overworked')

Super-classes Speaking^c
ComplainingAboutSomething^c

Grumpy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grumpy`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grumpy' in Wordnet: 1. crabbed, crabby, cross, fussy, grouchy, grumpy, bad-tempered, ill-tempered - (perversely irritable)`
Super-classes	Irritable^c

Grunt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grunt`
Description	A ''Grunt'' is a low-pitched sound made by a'hog' (a grown ''Pig''), but a person can make a somewhat similar sound, also called a ''Grunt''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grunt' in WordNet: 1. (2) grunt, oink - (the short low gruff noise of the kind made by hogs)`
Super-classes	AnimalSound^c AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value Pig^c

Grunting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Grunting`
Description	''Grunting'' is a ''MakingAnOralSound'' that produces a ''Grunt'', a sound with a low frequency not consisting of any words. This can be done by a ''Pig'' or a Person. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grunt' in WordNet: 1. (11) grunt - (issue a grunting, low, animal-like noise; 'He grunted his reluctant approval')`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Mouth^c isPerformedBy^op value Pig^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c alwaysCauses^op value Grunt^c

Guarantee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guarantee`
Description	A ''Guarantee'' is a ''Promise'' (a LinguisticAssertion, a phrase in some human language - not the Proposition represented by the phrase) made by ''Guarantor'' that the thing guaranteed will occur as described, and the ''Guarantor'' takes responsibility for repairing or replacing or otherwise restoring the thing guaranteed if it should not perform as promised. This covers all types of 'guarantee' - subtypes can be created as needed. Includes all 3 noun senses of 'guarantee' in WordNet: 1. (2) guarantee, warrant, warrantee, warranty - (a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications) 2. (1) guarantee - (a pledge that something will happen or that something is true; 'there is no guarantee that they are not lying') 3. guarantee, guaranty - (a collateral agreement to answer for the debt of another in case that person defaults)
Super-classes	Promise^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op value PossibleFutureSituation^c isProducedByEventType^op some GuaranteeingSomething^c

Guaranteed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guaranteed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guaranteed' in Wordnet: 1. bonded, guaranteed, secured, warranted - (secured by written agreement)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced^op value Guaranteeing^c

Guaranteeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guaranteeing`
Description	`Includes verb sense 1 of 'guarantee' in WordNet: 1. (8) guarantee, vouch - (give surety or assume responsibility; 'I vouch for the quality of my products') 4. (1) guarantee, warrant - (stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of; 'The dealer warrants all the cars he sells'; 'I warrant this information')`
Super-classes	ObligationCreatingEvent^c ShowingSupportForSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Guaranteed^c

GuaranteeingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuaranteeingSomething`
Description	''GuaranteeingSomething'' is the broad class of ''MakingAPromise''s that create a ''Guarantee'' (an Obligation) on the part of the promiser without any corresponding promise on the part of the person to whom the guarantee is given. This includes informal gurantees meaning little more than that the person giving the guarantee stands strongy behind the promise, and commercial 'guarantees' or 'warrantees' that legally oblige the promiser to perform some service in the event of a failure of a product to perform as promised. Although a commercial 'guarantee' is given in return for some payment, it does not oblige the buyer to perform any additional action, so is not considered as a 'contract'' considering future actions. `Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'guarantee' in WordNet: 1. (8) guarantee, vouch - (give surety or assume responsibility; 'I vouch for the quality of my products') 3. (2) undertake, guarantee - (promise to do or accomplish; 'guarantee to free the prisoners') 4. (1) guarantee, warrant - (stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of; 'The dealer warrants all the cars he sells'; 'I warrant this information')`
Super-classes	MakingAPromise^c LinguisticCommunication^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (Guarantee^c or ObligationType^c) isPerformedBy^op value Guarantor^c
Sub-classes	CertifyingaQuality^c

Guarantor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guarantor`
Description	A ''Guarantor'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who asserts a ''Guarantee'' in performing a ''Guaranteeing'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guarantor' in WordNet: 1. guarantor, surety, warrantor, warranter - (one who provides a warrant or guarantee to another)`
Super-classes	Promiser^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GuaranteeingSomething^c

Guard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guard`
Description	A 'Guard' is a 'Protector' who protects by keeping watch, involving looking at the thing being guarded or at the area near or approaching it. It is possible for this functionvto be performed by watching a screen, no necessarily in person. `Includes noun senses 1 of 'guard' and sense 1 of 'watchman': in WordNet: WN noun 'guard' 1. (15) guard - (a person who keeps watch over something or someone) WN noun 'watchman': 1. (1) watchman, watcher, security guard - (a guard who keeps watch)`
Super-classes	Protector^c
Sub-classes	Lifeguard^c Bouncer^c Lookout^c

Guarded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guarded

Description

''Guarded'' is a form of attribute ''Restrained'' characterizing people who are cautous about making predictions.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guarded' in Wordnet:
        1. guarded, restrained - (prudent; 'guarded optimism')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Guardian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guardian`
Description	A Person who 'guards' anything, animals or property. Very generic type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guardian' in WordNet: 1. (4) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GuardingSomething^c
Sub-classes	NonParentGuardian^c Custodian^c ParentOrGuardian^c Caregiver^c ChildGuardian^c

GuardingProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuardingProperty`
Description	''GuardingProperty'' is a ''GuardingSomething'' where the thing guarded is some form of ''Property'' (any ValuableThing) (note that a ''Slave'' is a ''ValuableThing'' but is not considered as ''Property'' in COSMO. This usually includes some form of management of the property being guarded. `Includes verb sense 5 of 'preserve; and sense 15 of 'keep' in WordNet: 5. keep, preserve - (maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger; 'May God keep you')`
Super-classes	GuardingSomething^c TakingCareOfSomething^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Steward^c
Sub-classes	MaintainingaBuilding^c MaintainingAnExposition^c GuardingaDoorway^c

GuardingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuardingSomething`
Description	A specialization of #$ActionOnObject. Instances are events in which something (the #$objectGuarded) is watched over, or guarded, in order to maintain control over the thing (as when a prison guard guards a prisoner to prevent escape), or to maintain control over the safety of the thing (as when a bodyguard protects his/her charge).. This is broad, including 'guarding' by any means,including watching in person or organizing or overseing a guarding action, as is done by a ''PoliceOrganization'. Some overlap with ''Monitoring''. Needs more analysis to differentiate. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'guard' and part of verb sense 1 of 'watch over' in WordNet: WN verb 'guard': 1. (6) guard - (to keep watch over; 'there would be men guarding the horses') 2. (6) guard, ward - (watch over or shield from danger or harm; protect; 'guard my possessions while I'm away') 3. (2) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') WN verb 'watch over': 1. (1) watch, observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on - (follow with the eyes or the mind; 'Keep an eye on the baby, please!'; 'The world is watching Sarajevo'; 'She followed the men with the binoculars')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Protecting^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Safety^c isPerformedBy^op value Guardian^c
Sub-classes	Policing^c GuardingProperty^c ProtectingaPerson^c Patrolling^c

GuardingaChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuardingaChild`
Description	''GuardingaChild'' is a ''GuardingSomething'' where the thing guarded is a ''MinorChild''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'childcare' in WordNet: 1. childcare, child care - (a service involving care for other people's children)`
Super-classes	Benefiting^c ProtectingaPerson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ChildGuardian^c hadBeneficiary^op some MinorChild^c
Sub-classes	BabySitting^c DayCare^c

GuardingaDoorway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuardingaDoorway`
Description	''GuardingaDoorway'' is a ''GuardingProperty'' where the 'property' is a ''Building'' such as an ''ApartmentBuilding'' or ''Hotel'' and the 'guarding' action is performed by standing at the front entrance and allowing in only people who are entitled to enter. This is performed by a ''Doorman'' who may have other functions as well.
Super-classes	GuardingProperty^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value FrontDoor^c isPerformedBy^op value DoorMan^c hadObjectTended^op value ExteriorDoor^c

Guatemalan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guatemalan`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of '' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Guatemalan - (of or relating to or characteristic of Guatemala or its residents; "Guatemalan coffee")`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

GuatemalanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuatemalanPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of '' in WordNet: 1. Guatemalan - (a native or inhabitant of Guatemala)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaNativeOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guatemala^c

Gubernatorial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gubernatorial

Description

''Gubernatorial'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining a ''StateGovernor'' and things associated with such a Person.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gubernatorial' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) gubernatorial - (relating to a governor; 'gubernatorial election')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

GubernatorialElection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GubernatorialElection`
Description	A ''GubernatorialElection'' is an Election to decide who will be The ''USStateGovernor'' of some ''USA_State''.
Super-classes	RecurringAction^c Election^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value USA_State^c hasSubEvent^op value ElectingaGovernor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gubernatorial^c

Guerrilla^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guerrilla`
Description	A ''Guerrilla'' is not necessarily a ''Rebel'' because s/he may not be a citizen of the country in which s/he is fighting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guerrilla' in WordNet: 1. (3) guerrilla, guerilla, irregular, insurgent - (a member of an irregular armed force that fights a stronger force by sabotage and harassment)`
Super-classes	Warrior^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value GuerrillaWar^c isaMemberOf^op value MilitaryUnit^c

GuerrillaWar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuerrillaWar`
Description	A ''GuerrillaWar'' is a War having a band of ''Guerrilla''s on one or both sides. `RHW:the use of hit-and-run tactics by small, mobile groups of irregular forces operating in territory controlled by a hostile, regular force.`
Super-classes	War^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Guerrilla^c

Guess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guess`
Description	COSMO note: a Guess is an Expectation about something that is unknown; it is a weak form of 'Belief'. This is an Expectation about a 'FutureSituation' even though it may be a guess about the state of something that is in the present or past, becuase it is an expectation of what will be discovered if the unknown information becomes known - that discovery state being in the future. NOTE: if one cannot form any 'Expectation' then whatever is believed is not a Guess (what would it be? a random prediction?) `Includes noun senses 1 and part of sense 2 of 'guess' in WordNet; if enough information is available to form a reasonable estimmate, that expectation is no longer a 'Guess'. in WordNet: 1. (2) guess, conjecture, supposition, surmise, surmisal, speculation, hypothesis - (a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence) 2. (1) guess, guesswork, guessing, shot, dead reckoning - (an estimate based on little or no information)`
Super-classes	Expectation^c
Restrictions	isLessIntenseThan^op value Suspicion^c hasTopic^op some FutureSituation^c

Guessing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guessing`
Description	'Guessing' is a form of 'ThinkingAboutSomething' in which a Person attempts to predict something that is not known - about the present state of something, or about the future, or even the past. This is used where there is very little or no evidence for the guess. If there is a little evidence (though not conclusive) use subtype ''SuspectingSomething''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'guess' in WordNet: 1. (42) think, opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess - (expect, believe, or suppose; 'I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel'; 'I thought to find her in a bad state'; 'he didn't think to find her in the kitchen'; 'I guess she is angry at me for standing her up') 2. (10) guess, venture, pretend, hazard - (put forward, of a guess, in spite of possible refutation; 'I am guessing that the price of real estate will rise again'; 'I cannot pretend to say that you are wrong')
Super-classes	ThinkingAboutSomething^c
Sub-classes	Foreseeing^c SuspectingSomething^c

Guest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guest

Description

The Role of a Visitor to whom hospitality is extended.

    Corresponds to sense 1 of 'guest' in WordNet:
    1. (25) guest, invitee - (a visitor to whom
       hospitality is extended)

Super-classes Visitor^c

Guffaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guffaw`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guffaw' in WordNet: 1. guffaw, belly laugh - (a burst of deep loud hearty laughter)`
Super-classes	Laughter^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Cackle^c

Guffawing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guffawing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'guffaw' and sense 1 of 'bellylaugh' in WordNet: 1. guffaw, laugh loudly - (laugh boisterously) WN verb 'bellylaugh': 1. bellylaugh - (laugh a deep, hearty laugh)`
Super-classes	Laughing^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Guffaw^c

Guidance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guidance`
Description	Each ''Guidance'' is a Group of instances of ''Advice'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'') created by an act of ''GuidingaPerson''. It is typically done in steps, including more than one occasion. The 'topic'of a ''Guidance'' is unrestricted, other than referring to some future Action(s) of the person being guided. `Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'guidance' (the LinguisticAssertion resulting from the act of ''GuidingaPerson'') in WordNet: 1. (8) guidance, counsel, counseling, counselling, direction - (something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action)`
Super-classes	Group^c Advice^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value GuidingaPerson^c hasComponentElement^op some Advice^c

Guide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guide`
Description	This type is the generic ''Guide'' a Person who helps others to perform actions (other than learning things - that needs a Teacher or tutor) by conducting a Person to some desired location (such as ushers in theaters or tour guides) and/or providing information to help people find their 'way' - physically, in some location - or metaphorically by advising how to find one's way ('negotiate') through a complicated situation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'guide' in WordNet: 2. (1) guide - (someone who shows the way by leading or advising)`
Super-classes	InfluentialPerson^c
Sub-classes	Usher^c TourGuide^c

GuideBook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuideBook`
Description	A ''GuideBook'' is a ''Handbook'' providing information about some specific topic, such as a Device or ''Place''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guidebook' in WordNet: 1. guidebook, guide - (something that offers basic information or instruction)`
Super-classes	Handbook^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value BasicInformation^c

Guided^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guided

Description

This 'Guided'' is the sense used in 'guided missile'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guided' in Wordnet:
         1. guided - (subject to guidance or control especially after launching; 'a guided missile')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c
PastParticiple^c

GuidedByAdvice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuidedByAdvice

Description

''GuidedByAdvice'' is the attribute of a Person who is performing or performs some Action that is affected by the Advice of another Person.

     This includes people who are participating in a 'guided tour'.

     No WN sense fo this.

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c
PastParticiple^c

Guidelines^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guidelines

Description

Each set of ''Guidelines'' is a ''Recommendation'' that is contains one or more ''GenericRule''s about how to accomplish something or how to avoid difficulties. A ''Guidelines'' may include or consist of a ''Plan'' with a detailed recommended procedure. The WN enry is singular but the term is often used in the plural.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'guideline' in WordNet:
         2. road map, guideline - (a detailed plan or explanation to guide you
           in setting standards or determining a course of action; 
           'the president said he had a road map for normalizing relations with Vietnam')

Super-classes Recommendation^c

Guiding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guiding

Description

       NOTE: the logical difference between the two WN senses of 'guiding'
          is unclear.  They are merged here until more examples of usage
          are found.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'guiding' in Wordnet:
         1. guiding - (exerting control or influence; 'a guiding principle')
         2. directing, directional, directive, guiding - (showing the way 
             by conducting or leading; imposing direction on; 
             'felt his mother's directing arm around him'; 'the directional role of science 
             on industrial progress')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

GuidingAMovingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuidingAMovingObject`
Description	A specialization of #$DirectedTranslation. Each instance of #$GuidingAMovingObject is an event in which an agent guides or steers an object which is in translational (as opposed to rotational) motion. Notable specializations of #$GuidingAMovingObject include #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere, #$GuidingAnAnimal, and #$SteeringADeviceByHand. This is an Action that may be performed by a Person or by a Device, which to some extent affects of fully controls the Motion of some PhysicalObject. This Action mst be performed more than just briefly at the beginning of a ''Motion' as in a ''Propelling''). It may be performed intermittently or continuously during the ''Motion'' being guided. This is what the guidance unit does in a 'guided missile', or the remote operator of an unmanned vehicle who monitors the motion of an unmanned 'drone'. NOTE that in COSMO the 'Object' does not have to be Physical - so that a MoneyObject or piece of Software or electrons in a circuit can be the *object of this type of Action
Super-classes	GuidingSomething^c PurposefulAction^c DirectedTranslation^c
Sub-classes	HerdingAnimals^c GuidingaTransportationDevice^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c Channeling^c DirectingTheCourse^c

GuidingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuidingSomething`
Description	''GuidingSomething' is a broad subtype of 'ControllingSomething' in which the thing controlled is a Person or Device. This type is itself not needed for direct use, as the subtypes provide the `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guide' in Wordnet: 3. (8) guide, steer - (be a guiding force, as with directions or advice; 'The teacher steered the gifted students towards the more challenging courses')`
Super-classes	ControllingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Mentoring^c GuidingAMovingObject^c

GuidingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuidingaPerson`
Description	Guiding is a form of ''Advising'' in which the advising occurs at more than one time point, and the person being advised shows a willingness or even desire to receive the advice. This is a form of communication, not an act of accompaniment, as by a tour guide. This is not an act of managing (as in 'ControllingSomething'), since there is no necessary authority relationship between the person doing the guiding and the person being guided. The dictionaries are not clear on the difference if any between 'advice' and 'guidance', and in COSMO 'Guiding' represents a subtype of 'Advising' as distinguished above. Some dictionary definitions: RHW 'guide' 4. to supply (a person) with advice or counsel, as in practical or spiritual affairs. RHW 'advise' 1. to give counsel to; offer an opinion or suggestion as worth following: I advise you to be cautious. 2. to recommend as desirable, wise, prudent, etc.: He advised secrecy. LDOCE 'advise' 1. to tell someone what you think they should do, especially when you know more than they do about something: LDOCE 'guide': 3. to influence someone's behaviour or ideas: Teenagers need adults to guide them. 4. to show someone the right way to do something, especially something difficult or complicated NOte that WN noun 'guidance' has two relevant senses, but sense 1 seems to include elements of both the action and the guidlance (assertion) produced by the action. So sense 1 is divided betwen this and ''Guidance''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'guide' in WordNet: 3. (8) guide, steer - (be a guiding force, as with directions or advice; 'The teacher steered the gifted students towards the more challenging courses') WN verb 'counsel' (part): 1. (3) rede, advise, counsel - (give advice to; 'The teacher counsels troubled students'; 'The lawyer counselled me when I was accused of tax fraud') WN noun 'guidance': 1. (8) guidance, counsel, counseling, counselling, direction - (something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action) 2. (4) guidance, steering - (the act of guiding or showing the way)
Super-classes	Advising^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Guidance^c
Sub-classes	Mentoring^c GuidingaPersonToSomePlace^c

GuidingaPersonToSomePlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuidingaPersonToSomePlace`
Description	''GuidingaPersonToSomePlace'' is a 'GuidingaPerson'' in which a ''Guide'' accompanies some ''Person''(s) to a Place where those ''Person''(s) want to go. This can be to one place, performed by a ''Guide'' with or without payment, or to multiple places, a task usually performed by a paid ''TourGuide'' (or by a friend or relative). The ''Guide'' may or may not provide transportation. 'Take me to your leader'. (classic greeting from a Space Alien, speaking fluent English). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'guide' in WordNet: 2. (11) lead, take, direct, conduct, guide - (take somebody somewhere; 'We lead him to our chief'; 'can you take me to the main entrance?'; 'He conducted us to the palace')`
Super-classes	GuidingaPerson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Guide^c
Sub-classes	Ushering^c

GuidingaTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuidingaTransportationDevice`
Description	''GuidingaTransportationDevice'' is a very general set of actions that include any form of 'guidance' such as directly steering a vehicle by hand, or giving directions to someone who is steering a vehicle, or providing positional or directional information to someone controlling a vehicle, or guiding a remote-controlled vehicle (drone, space craft) by sending electronic signals. The subtypes will be more specific. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'steer' in WordNet - specifically performing direct control of a moving vehicle: in WordNet: 1. (4) steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise - (direct the course; determine the direction of travelling)`
Super-classes	GuidingAMovingObject^c
Sub-classes	SteeringADeviceByHand^c Navigating^c SteeringaShip^c

Guilt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guilt

Description

An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Guilt is some agent's negative, self-accusatory feeling of responsibility for having caused some harm. Instances of #$Guilt vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or the subject experiencing the feeling.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'guilt' in WordNet:
           2. (2) guilt, guilty conscience, guilt feelings, guilt trip -
              (remorse caused by feeling responsible for some offence)

Super-classes DirectedFeeling^c

Guilt-Ridden^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guilt-Ridden

Description

    NOTE: the term 'hangdog' is also synonym of'defeated' for appearances.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guilt-ridden' in Wordnet:
      1. guilt-ridden - (feeling or revealing a sense of guilt;
         'so guilt-ridden he could not face his father')
   WN adj 'guilty':
      2. guilty, hangdog, shamefaced, shamed - (showing a sense of guilt;
        'a guilty look'; 'the hangdog and shamefaced air of the 
        retreating enemy'- Eric Linklater)

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c
Unhappy^c

Guiltiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guiltiness`
Description	'Guiltiness' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) arising as a result of a Person at ''Fault'' having committed some Action that was either a breach of some Rule or caused harm to something or someone. This is a SocialState, being a state that involves a Person's relations with the community, but is not always a SocialStatus because Guiltiness is independent of whether other people know that a Person is guilty of an Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guilt' and sense 1 of 'guiltiness' in WordNet: 1. (8) guilt, guiltiness - (the state of having committed an offense)`
Super-classes	Fault^c SocialState^c
Sub-classes	BurdenOfPunishment^c Complicity^c

Guilty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guilty`
Description	'Guilty' is an attribute of people who are in the state of Guiltiness due to having performed some Action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guilty' in WordNet: 1. (10) guilty - (responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act; or marked by guilt; 'guilty of murder'; 'the guilty person'; 'secret guilty deeds'; 'a guilty conscience'; 'guilty behavior')`
Super-classes	Salient^c SocialStatusAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Delinquent^c

Guinea-Coin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guinea-Coin`
Description	A ''Guinea-Coin'' is a former British coin worth more than one 'Pound' (=twelve shillings). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guinea' in WordNet: 1. guinea - (a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings)`
Super-classes	Coin^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value British^c hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyOneBritishShillings^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outdated^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Gold^c

GuineaPig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GuineaPig`
Description	CYC: A collection of domesticated mammals originally from South America. Their scientific name is Cavia porcellus. According to most of the sources I could find, instances of #$GuineaPig are #$Rodents. According to one source, they are members of the order Rodentia and the family Caviidae. NOTE: the term 'Guinea pig' is also used metaphorically for any animal(s), including people, who are used as experimental subjects in some form of 'research', formal or informal. Simiar to the use of 'lab rat'. See ''ExperimentalSubject''. 'guinea pig's are common animal subjects used for laoratory testing of substances such as drugs. So the term 'gunea pig' has become used to refer to any person used for an experimental study, with or without their understanding that they are exerimental subjects. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'guinea pig' in WordNet: 2. guinea pig, Cavia cobaya - (stout-bodied nearly tailless domesticated cavy; often kept as a pet and widely used in research)
Super-classes	Cavy^c LaboratoryAnimal^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value LaboratoryResearch^c

Guise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guise`
Description	A ''Guise'' is a ''PhysicalAppearance'' that is intentionally created by a Person to be ''Misleading''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guise' in WordNet: 1. guise, pretense, pretence, pretext - (an artful or simulated semblance; 'under the guise of friendship he betrayed them')`
Super-classes	PhysicalAppearance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Misleading^c wasCreatedBy^op value Person^c

Guitar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guitar

Description

SUMO: A StringInstrument that has six to twelve strings and is played by strumming with one hand while grasping frets with the other hand.

      COSMO note: In Cyc there are specializations for purely
      acoustic, electric, and electric-acoustic guitars,
      as well as 12-string versions.  This is the most generic
      type, called 'Guitar-Generic' in Cyc.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guitar' in Wordnet:
            1. (3) guitar - (a stringed instrument usually having six strings; 
                played by strumming or plucking)

Super-classes StringInstrument^c

Guitarist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guitarist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guitarist' in WordNet: 1. guitarist, guitar player - (a musician who plays the guitar)`
Super-classes	MusicalInstrumentPlayer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value PlayingaGuitar^c hasCapability^op value PlayingaGuitar^c

Gulf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gulf`
Description	A specialization of #$BodyOfWater-Large. Each instance of #$Gulf is a part of a sea extending into a land mass. Instances of #$Gulf include the #$SaronicGulf, #$GulfOfMexico, #$GulfOfArkangelsk, #$GulfOfCalifornia, and #$PersianGulf. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gulf' in WordNet: 1. (1) gulf - (an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land; larger than a bay)`
Super-classes	BodyOfWater-Large^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SeaWater^c isAdjacentTo^op value Sea^c isLargerThan^op value Bay^c
Sub-classes	Bight^c

Gullible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gullible

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gullible' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) fleeceable, green, gullible - (naive and easily deceived or tricked; 
             'at that early age she had been gullible and in love')
          2. gullible - (easily tricked because of being too trusting; 
               'gullible tourists taken in by the shell game')

Super-classes Naive^c

Gully^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gully`
Description	A long and narrow open-top HoleInTheGround. This is the physical object that consists of the walls of the ditch. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gully' in WordNet: 1. (1) gully - (deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour))`
Super-classes	Ditch^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c wasCreatedBy^op value FlowingWater^c

Gum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gum`
Description	This sense of 'Gum' is a substance exuded by plants. This type includes the moist freshly exuded substance a well as the same substance in its dried state, whether in clumps or powdered (as incense). Because this type includes the semisolid fresh exudate as well as the dried substance, it is not classified by state (liquid, solid). `NOTE that this is distinguished from 'Resin' by being soluble in water.: GUM: a viscous secretion of some trees and shrubs that hardens on drying but is soluble in water, and from which adhesives and other products are made. Compare with resin. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'gum' in WordNet: 3. gum - (any of various substances (soluble in water) that exude from certain plants; they are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying)`
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c PlantProduct^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op some PlantType^c
Sub-classes	Incense^c ChewingGum^c GumArabic^c Mucilage^c

GumArabic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GumArabic`
Description	''GumArabic'' is the 'Gum' from an Acacia tree. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gum arabic' in WordNet: 1. gum arabic, gum acacia - (gum from an acacia tree; used as a thickener (especially in candies and pharmaceuticals))`
Super-classes	Gum^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op some Acacia^c

Gumption^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gumption

Description

Difficult to tell the difference between ''Pluck'' and ''Gumption''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gumption' in WordNet:
          2. backbone, grit, guts, moxie, sand, gumption -
             (fortitude and determination; 'he didn't have the guts to try it')

Super-classes Fortitude^c
Determination^c

Gun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gun`
Description	A specialization of both #$Weapon and #$ProjectileLauncher. Each instance of #$Gun is a weapon used to fire projectiles (see the collection #$ProjectileWeapon), where each of the projectiles is propelled by an explosion inside the weapon. The trajectory of the projectile fired by the gun can be direct (as for most instances of the collection #$Gun-Portable) or indirect (as for instances of the collection #$Mortar). `SUMO: A Weapon that shoots a Projectile. COSMO note: 'Gun' is very generic for weapons that fire projectiles due to an explosion inside the weapon. A Gun can be small or very large, as in naval guns. More specific would be rifle or pistol. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gun' in WordNet: 1. (72) gun - (a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel))`
Super-classes	ProjectileLauncher^c MechanicalDevice^c DurableGood^c Weapon^c HexalateralObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value GunBarrel^c
Sub-classes	Cannon^c ArtilleryPiece^c Firearm^c FieldArtillery^c HighAngleGun^c

GunBarrel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GunBarrel`
Description	Cyc: The part of a gun which is a hollow cylinder, one or more orders of magnitude longer than its diameter, through which the mass being fired (a bullet, buckshot, etc.) travels when the gun is discharged. `SUMO: The part of a Gun through which a Projectile travels when it is fired. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gun barrel' in WordNet: 1. (1) barrel, gun barrel - (a tube through which a bullet travels when a gun is fired)`
Super-classes	EngineeringComponent^c CylindricalHollowObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Gun^c

GunTrigger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GunTrigger`
Description	CYC: the collection of all triggers on guns. The term 'trigger' is also used metaphorically for anything (even an event) that causes an action to happen. `SUMO: The part of the Gun which is pulled in Shooting the Gun. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trigger' in WordNet: 1. (5) gun trigger, trigger - (lever that activates the firing mechanism of a gun)`
Super-classes	TriggeringMechanism^c EngineeringComponent^c Lever^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Firearm^c

GunTurret^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GunTurret`
Description	A''GunTurret'' is a (relatively) small ''Protrusion'' on top of some ''MilitaryVehicle'' (land or sea) that holds a 'Gun'' that provides some of the ''Firepower'' of the vehicle. Examples are ''Turret''s holding cannon or machine guns on an ''ArmoredVehicle'', or anti-aircraft weapons on a Ship. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gun turret' in WordNet: 1. gun enclosure, gun turret, turret - (a self-contained weapons platform housing guns and capable of rotation)`
Super-classes	Protrusion^c WeaponsPlatform^c
Restrictions	isOnTopOf^op value MilitaryVehicle^c hasCapability^op value Swiveling^c supports^op value Gun^c

Gunfight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gunfight

Description

A ''Gunfight'' is a form of ''Combat'' that occurs between small groups of people (as small as two,one on each side) armed with small arms (handguns or rifles).

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gunfight' in WordNet:
        1. gunfight, gunplay, shootout - (a fight involving shooting small arms with 
            the intent to kill or frighten)

Super-classes Combat^c

Gunfire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gunfire`
Description	''Gunfire'' is an EventGroup consisting of at least two instances of ''ShootingaFirearm'' (a handgun or rife).
Super-classes	EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ShootingaFirearm^c

Gunman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gunman`
Description	A ''Gunman'' is a ''Murderer'' who has performed a ''Murder'' at least once, possibly for hire by an individual, or as part of a group of criminals. A 'profesional' murderer is the subtype ''ContractKiller''. This excludes ''Murderer''s that act on their own without coordiation with others. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'hit man' in WordNet: 1. gunman, gunslinger, hired gun, gun, gun for hire, triggerman, hit man, hitman, torpedo, shooter - (a professional killer who uses a gun)`
Super-classes	Murderer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ShootingaPerson^c
Sub-classes	ContractKiller^c

Gunner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gunner`
Description	This sense of ''Gunner'' is for ''MilitaryPerson''s in any branch of the service whose function (at a given time) is to fire multiple rounds from some machine gun, antiaircraft gun, or swiveling gun on an airplane (used to attack enemy aircraft or ground targets). `NOTE: the WOrdNet 'gunner' is mostly for artillery, but this tye only includes the 'gunner' and 'machine gunner'. Corresponds to only part of noun sense 1 of 'gunner' in WordNet: 1. (4) artilleryman, cannoneer, gunner, machine gunner - (a serviceman in the artillery)`
Super-classes	Warrior^c MilitaryPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MilitaryEngagement^c

Gunpowder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gunpowder

Description

$Gunpowder is a specialization of #$LowExplosive

        and an instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType.  Each
        instance of #$Gunpowder is a low explosive powdery mixture
        comprised of 75% #$PotassiumNitrate (KNO3), 15% #$Carbon,
        and 10% #$Sulfur.

        SUMO: A Mixture of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and 
          charcoal that is used in ExplosiveDevices and to propell Projectiles 
          in ProjectileWeapons.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gunpowder' in Wordnet:
             1. (2) gunpowder, powder - (a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur
             in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks)

Super-classes ExplosiveSubstance^c
Powder^c
Mixture^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Gunshot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gunshot`
Description	A ''Gunshot'' is a ''Pop'' (a single popping sound) made by an event of ''ShootingaFirearm''. `NOTE: there is no sense of 'gunshot' in WN. In RHW sense 1 of 'gunshot' is ambiguous, though the example suggests that it includes the sound of a gun firing. RHW noun 'gunshot': 1. the shooting of a gun: We heard three gunshots.`
Super-classes	Pop^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value ShootingaFirearm^c

Guppy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guppy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guppy' in WordNet: 1. guppy, rainbow fish, Lebistes reticulatus - (small freshwater fish of South America and the West Indies; often kept in aquariums)`
Super-classes	CypriniformFish^c FreshWaterFish^c

Gurney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gurney`
Description	A device which is used to carry medical patients, usually to a location where a medical procedure will be performed on them, having a wheeled frame which may be collapsible and may be used by itself or together with a ''Litter-Stretcher'' which may be used to carry a ''MedicalPatient'' by hand to a point where the ''Litter-Strether with the patient can be place on the frame component and then can be wheeled along a surface to assist transporting the ''MedicalPatient'' to another point, whether from point to point inside a medical facility or to or from an Ambulance (inside which it is usually collapsed to take less space). `The WN parents 'litter' and 'stretcher' do not seem to be logically compatible with a wheeld device. A ''Gurney'' does not have to have two poles. Thus a ''Litter-Stretcher'' is in a different line of descent from ''LandTransportationDevice'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gurney' in WordNet: 1. gurney - (a metal stretcher with wheels)`
Super-classes	HumanPoweredDevice^c LandTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Person^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourWheels^c

Guru^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guru`
Description	A ''Guru'' is any ''ReligiousLeader'' whose pronouncements on any moral or religious matter are considered authoritative by some ''GroupOfPeople''. `Includes butis broader than noun sense 1 of 'guru' in WordNet: 1. (1) guru - (a Hindu or Buddhist religious leader and spiritual teacher)`
Super-classes	ReligiousLeader^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value ReligiousGroup^c

Gust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gust`
Description	A ''Brief'' ''Wind'' of short duration, from a barely detectable air movement to a ''Wind'' sufficient to move solid objects.. `NOTE: the WN gloss suggests a 'strong' wind, but that is relative to the prevailing windcurrent. In COSMO there is no minimum velocity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gust' in WordNet: 1. (3) gust, blast, blow - (a strong current of air; 'the tree was bent almost double by the gust')`
Super-classes	Wind^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c
Sub-classes	Puff^c

Gusty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gusty

Description

CYC: An instance of #$OutdoorLocationByWeatherType. Each instance of #$Gusty is an instance of #$OutdoorLocation in which the wind is subject to sudden changes in direction and intensity.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gusty' in Wordnet:
          1. gusty, puffy - (blowing in puffs or short intermittent blasts; 
            'puffy off-shore winds'; 'gusty winds ')

Super-classes Windy^c

Gutsy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gutsy

Description

       Corresponds to part (not for wine) adjective sense 1 of 'gutsy' in WordNet:
         1. gutsy, plucky - (marked by courage and determination
            in the face of difficulties or danger; robust and uninhibited; 
            'you have to admire her; it was a gutsy thing to do';
            'the gutsy...intensity of her musical involvement'-Judith Crist; 'a gutsy red wine')
        WN adj 'plucky':
          2. feisty, plucky, spunky - (showing courage; 'the champion is faced with a feisty challenger')

Super-classes Courageous^c

Guzzling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Guzzling`
Description	''Guzzling'' is a 'DrinkingEvent'' performed quickly and quantities of in more than a mouthful or two, at least a 8-ouce glass or bottle. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'guzzle' in WordNet: 1. (1) guzzle - (drink greedily or as if with great thirst; 'The boys guzzled the cheap vodka')`
Super-classes	DrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

Gymnasium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gymnasium`
Description	A ''Gymnasium'' is a SportsFacility that is one Room, which may be large or of maodest size, in a larger structure, as in a hotel or school `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gymnasium' in WordNet: 1. (4) gymnasium, gym - (athletic facility equipped for sports or physical training)`
Super-classes	Room^c SportsFacility^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value GymnasticExercise^c
Sub-classes	Gymnatorium^c

Gymnast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gymnast`
Description	A ''Gymnast'' is a ''Person'' who at any given time (even occasionally,but with some skill), or habitually or professionally performs a ''GymnasticAction'' which is an Action that is an execution of some aspect of ''Gymnastics''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gymnast' in WordNet: 1. (5) gymnast - (an athlete who is skilled in gymnastics)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GymnasticAction^c
Sub-classes	Acrobat^c TightropeWalker^c

GymnasticAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GymnasticAction`
Description	A ''GymnasticAction'' is an ''AthleticActivity''that is an execution of any of various types of movement of body parts categorized as ''Gymnastics'', that are performed to either increase one's ability to perform muscular activity (subtype ''ExercisingEvent'') or to display one's ability to perform muscular movements of many kinds, including running, jumping, swimming and the like,
Super-classes	StrenuousAthleticActivity^c AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Gymnastics^c
Sub-classes	ExercisingEvent^c AcrobaticAction^c GymnasticExercise^c

GymnasticExercise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GymnasticExercise`
Description	A ''GymnasticExercise'' is one or more ''GymnasticAction''s performed for the purpose of improving one's muscular strength or overall fitness, not a part of a competition. This usually uses some gym equipment, but that equipment can be at home or at work. For exercise without using such equipment, the type ''ExercisingEvent'' can be used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exercise' in WordNet: 1. (26) exercise, exercising, physical exercise, physical exertion, workout (the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit; 'the doctor recommended regular exercise'; 'he did some exercising'; 'the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit') WN verb 'exercise': 4. (3) exercise, work out - (do physical exercise; 'She works out in the gym every day')`
Super-classes	GymnasticAction^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value PhysicalFitness^c
Sub-classes	ArmExercise^c

Gymnastics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gymnastics`
Description	''Gymnastics'' covers both casual exercising of muscles (but more than just stretching) as well as the more organized and rigorously trained sport performed in competitions. There is no single purpose for this broad category, as it can be done to strengthen muscles or (in competition) to display one's ability or to test one's own ability. Subtypes can cover more specific versions. This is performed by a 'Gymnast' which is merely a term used for someone performing gymnastics, casually or for serious competition or disply. `NOTE that as a 'Sport''this is just the Specification for the activity,not the activity itself. (WN misspelling: gymanstic for gymnastic: corrected) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gymnastics' in WordNet: 1. (11) gymnastics, gymnastic exercise - (a sport that involves exercises intended to display strength and balance and agility)`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Gymnast^c
Sub-classes	Acrobatics^c Bodybuilding^c

Gymnatorium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gymnatorium`
Description	A ''Gymnatorium'' is a Room that serves as both a ''Gymnasium'' and an ''Auditorium'' (large enough to hold over 100 people seated).. `No WN or RHW definition. Online dictionary at yourdictionary.com: gymnatorium: A room, as in a school, combining the functions of gymnasium and auditorium.`
Super-classes	Gymnasium^c Auditorium^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value GymnasticExercise^c

Gynecologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gynecologist`
Description	Gynecologists are doctors who specialize in disorders of the female reproductive system. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gynecologist' in WordNet: 1. (1) gynecologist, gynaecologist, woman's doctor - (a specialist in gynecology)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Gynecology^c
Sub-classes	ObstetricianGynecologist^c

Gynecology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gynecology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gynecology' in WordNet: 1. gynecology, gynaecology - (the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and hygiene of women)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value FemalePerson^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value Gynecologist^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan^c

Gynoecium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gynoecium

Description

The female component of a flower, made up of one or more carpels.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gynoecium' in WordNet:
          1. gynoecium - (a female gametoecium)

Super-classes PlantPart^c
ExternalAnatomicalPart^c

Gypsum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gypsum`
Description	Relatively soft - Moh's hardeness = 2. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gypsum' in WordNet: 1. gypsum - (a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris))`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Sub-classes	Selenite^c Gesso^c

Gypsy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gypsy

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Gypsy' in WordNet:
          2. Gypsy, Gipsy, Romany, Rommany, Romani, Roma, Bohemian - 
             (a member of a people with dark skin and hair who speak Romany 
             and who traditionally live by seasonal work and fortunetelling; 
             they are believed to have originated in northern India but now are living 
             on all continents (but mostly in Europe, North Africa, and North America))

Super-classes IndianPerson^c

GyroCompass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GyroCompass

Description

A compass that uses a gyroscope instead of a magnet to indicate the direction of true north rather than magnetic north.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gyrocompass' in WordNet:
          1. gyrocompass - (a compass that does not depend on magnetism 
             but uses a gyroscope instead)

Super-classes ElectricalDevice^c
Compass^c

GyroSandwich^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GyroSandwich

Description

CYC: The collection of all gyro sandwiches, the default variety of which includes spit-roasted lamb meat, onions, and cucumber sauce on a #$PitaBread.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gyro' in WordNet:
          1. gyro - (a Greek sandwich: sliced roast lamb with onion 
            and tomato stuffed into pita bread)

Super-classes Sandwich^c

Gyroscope^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gyroscope

Description

CYC: The collection of all gyroscopes.

        A simple stand-alone ''Gyroscope'' can be used as a toy,but
          a precision-manufactured ''Gyroscope'' can be a component of
          devices and instruments used for navigation on earth or in space.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gyroscope' in WordNet:
          1. gyroscope, gyro - (rotating mechanism in the form 
            of a universally mounted spinning wheel that 
            offers resistance to turns in any direction)

Super-classes ManufacturedGoods^c
RotatingMechanism^c
MechanicalDevice^c

HPACAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HPACAgent`
Description	CYC: A collection of all delivery systems supported by the HPAC application.
Super-classes	BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance^c

HTML^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HTML

Description

''HTML'' is the common acronymm for 'HypertextMarkupLanguage', the ''MarkupLanguage'' that has become (as of 2019) the main language used to prepare and view document for display on the internet (World-Wide Web).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'HTML' in WordNet:
          1. hypertext markup language, hypertext mark-up language, HTML -
             (a set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them 
             in developing hypertext documents)

Super-classes MarkupLanguage^c

Ha^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ha`
Description	''Ha'' is the class of ''Interjections'' that are pronounced like the Word 'hah'. Each instance may be used to express disagreemtn with a statement made by another conversant: ('I am the best in the world!' response: 'Ha!') or any of various other emotions or implied responses. `RHW: (used as an exclamation of surprise, interrogation, suspicion, triumph, etc.) Also, hah.`
Super-classes	Interjection^c
Restrictions	hadInformationTransferred^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_ha^c

HaHa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HaHa`
Description	The 'ha-haing' ('laughing') sound made by people who are amused. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ha-ha' in Wordnet, but this is broader, not restricted to what is called a 'horse laugh': in WordNet: 1. hee-haw, horselaugh, ha-ha, haw-haw - (a loud laugh that sounds like a horse neighing)`
Super-classes	AnimalSound^c Laughter^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Laughing^c

Habit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Habit`
Description	A Habit is a Behavior of an individual person that is an acquired pattern of actions, and is repeated often enough to distinguish that behavior from the more common forms of behavior in that culture at that time. A repeated action that is common among a community (even if not common worldwide) due to social norms, rather than for individual preference, would be a 'Custom', not a 'Habit'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'habit' in WordNet: 2. (6) habit, use, wont - (a pattern of behavior acquired through frequent repetition; 'she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair; long use had hardened him to it')`
Super-classes	Behavior^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	HabitualPreference^c

Habitat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Habitat`
Description	A Habitat is an ''Environment-Generic'' (a ''Place'') that can be a specific region of the Earth's surface, or some type of region such as a 'Forest', or even some quantity of substance such as 'SeaWater'. Because it is so heterogeneous, it is a vague high-level category under 'Individual'. For humans, a ''Habitat'' can be almost anywhere that a person can live in a self-sustaining way (without being supplied from outside, as at the South Pole). As with other ''Environment-Generic''s, each instance of ''Habitat'' is the location of some ''EnvironmentalSituation'', and in the case of a ''Habitata'' the situation is represented as a ''HabitatSituation'' that describes what that Habitat is like (in which to live or perform actions) @@ToDo: Should this be a metatype with the different habitats as instances??? Each ''Habitat'' would be some part of the ''Biosphere'' (which see) 1. biosphere - (the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist) Every Type that can serve as the object value for the 'hasTypicalHabitat' relation should be a subclass of this Type. NOTE that in WordNet a 'habitat' is a subtype of 'environs, surroundings' But a common interpretation of the word 'habitat' often conjures up an image of the kinds of objects located there; in COSMO the place is the Habitat, and the things located there are the associated ''HabitatSituation'' that is a Situation describing what is located there and what happens there. Although a ''Habitat'' is also a ''Place'' in COSMO,it should necessarily be associated with some ''HabitatSituation'' that fills in the kind of imagery usually associated with the term 'habitat'. BUT in the current version 1569 this relation does not have to be instantiated. Some instances need to be The word 'habitat' is usually used to refer to the normal type of living place of a species, but as a ''Place'' in COSMO it could also specify the current specific location of an individual, but that would be unnecessary, as a ''Place'' can be referred to in a more traditional 'location' format. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'habitat' in Wordnet: 1. (2) habitat, home ground - (the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs; 'a marine habitat'; 'he felt safe on his home grounds')
Super-classes	Environment-Generic^c OutsideLocation^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value Biosphere^c isTheLocationOf^op value HabitatSituation^c
Sub-classes	Sea^c HabitatRegion^c CoastalWaters^c WildlifeRefuge^c Wilderness^c HabitatArea^c

HabitatArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HabitatArea`
Description	A HabitatRegion is a GeographicalArea - part of the Earth's surface - that has been identified as the typical region where most of the naturally free-living individuals of a particular species of Organism will be found. Instances of this Type can be used as the object argument of the 'hasTypicalHabitat' relation, when a type of Organism is known to be located mostly in one region of the Earth.
Super-classes	EcologicalArea^c Habitat^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaribbeanArea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtlanticOceanRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BalticSeaRegion

HabitatRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HabitatRegion`
Description	A HabitatRegion is a GeographicalRegion - part of the Earth's surface - that has been identified as the typical region where most of the naturally free-living individuals of a particular species of Organism will be found. Instances of this Type can be used as the object argument of the 'hasTypicalHabitat' relation, when a type of Organism is known to be located mostly in one region of the Earth.
Super-classes	Habitat^c EcologicalRegion^c

HabitatSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HabitatSituation`
Description	A ''HabitatSituation'' is an ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that specifies some properties of the environment in which an ''Organism'' exists, rather than the state of the Object itself.The 'situation' can include specific references to the objects present, the composition of the air and water and soil, and anything else relevant to the suitability of a place for living things to exist and thrive. Subtypes can specify narrowly focused aspects of an overall ''EnvironmentalSituation''. `This is approximately represented by RHW sense 2 of 'environment' 2. (Ecol.) the air, water, minerals, organisms, and all other external factors surrounding and affecting a given organism at any time.`
Super-classes	EnvironmentalCondition^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some (Habitat^c or HabitatType^c)

HabitatType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HabitatType`
Description	HabitatType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for regions or physical areas with particular characteristics, and can serve as an argument restriction for the relation 'hasTypicalHabitat' OrganismTypes. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	LocationType^c
Members	Habitat HabitatArea Sea CoastalWaters Habitation SeaWater HabitatRegion Biosphere WildlifeRefuge

Habitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Habitation`
Description	A ''Habitation'' is some natural place (including objects) where a WildAnimal can stay, whether to feed or to mate or to sleep. ''Natural'' can be built by a non-human animal, but not by an ''IntelligentAgent''. `NOT the same as a ''Habitat'' which is an ''Outdoor'' location, used for larger areas. For a natural sleeping location, use subtype ''Den''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'habitation' in WordNet: 1. habitation - (the native habitat or home of an animal or plant)`
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value WildAnimal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c
Sub-classes	Den^c Nest^c Honeycomb^c AnimalMadeShelter^c

Habitual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Habitual

Description

'Habitual' is a qualitative attribute that is a subtype of 'Frequent' - 'Frequent' is highly context sensitive, and 'Habitual' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are performed by a 'IntentionalAgent' - usually a Mammal - more often than the average organism of that type performs such an action. To say that one takes a shower habitually would only conform to this sense if the method of taking a shower were unusual, or the frequency greater than a typical person doing it. To categorize an Action as 'Habitual' it is necessary for the Agent performing that action to be specified.

      Habitual also includes the sense that the Action so described is 
        more than just accustomed.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'habitual' in WordNet:
        1. (1) habitual - (made a norm or custom or habit; 
             'his habitual practice was to eat an early supper'; 'her habitual neatness')
        2. (1) accustomed, customary, habitual, wonted -
           (commonly used or practiced; usual; 'his accustomed thoroughness';
           'took his customary morning walk'; 'his habitual comment'; 'with her wonted candor')

Super-classes Frequent^c
Routine^c

HabitualPreference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HabitualPreference`
Description	A 'HabitualPreference' is a Preference of a type that is manifested with sufficient frequency to be considered a 'Habit' - a habitual way of behaving. Linguistically this may be called a 'predilection' as well as a 'preference'. The difference between 'Preference' and 'HabitualPreference' is that one may have a 'Preference' for something in any situation where a choice is available, but to have a 'HabitualPreference' it is necessary for one to make the same choice among a similar set of options, most of the time that the options are presented (and requiring at least three instances of such a choice to be manifest as a 'HabitualPreference'). `Includes noun sense 2 of 'preference' and sense 1 of 'predilection' in WordNet: 2. (2) predilection, preference, orientation - (a predisposition in favor of something; 'a predilection for expensive cars'; 'his sexual preferences'; 'showed a Marxist orientation')`
Super-classes	Habit^c Preference^c
Sub-classes	TasteInActions^c TasteInThings^c

HabituallyOptimistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HabituallyOptimistic

Description

''HabituallyOptimistic'' is a subtype of ''Optimistic'' it is an attribute of a ''Optimist'' who habitually expects outcomes that are better than an objective analysis would predict.

      Corresponds to adjectivesense 1 of 'optimistic' in WordNet:
        1. (2) optimistic - (expecting the best in this best of all
           possible worlds; 'in an optimistic mood'; 'optimistic plans'; 
              "took an optimistic view")

Super-classes Optimistic^c

HabituallySmokingMarijuana^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HabituallySmokingMarijuana`
Description	''HabituallySmokingMarijuana'' is the Action sequence of ''SmokingMarijuana'' frequently (more than once per week), and uncontrollably (compulsively).
Super-classes	SmokingMarijuana^c CompulsiveBehavior^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Frequent^c hasManner^op value Routinely^c

Habituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Habituation`
Description	''Habituation'' is the intransitive Action of an Animal that becomes 'accustomed' to some kind of Event to which the Agent has been exposed on multiple occasions. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'habituation' in WordNet: 2. habituation - (a general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions)`
Super-classes	AdaptingOneself^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Accustoming^c
Sub-classes	Conditioning^c

Hacker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hacker`
Description	This type of 'Hacker' is a subtype of ''ComputerCracker'' specifically for those who perform ''Hacking'' for malicious purposes such as stealing or destruction. CYC: A specialization of #$ComputerUser. Each instance of #$Hacker is a person who who willfully attempts to access, use, or affect an instance of #$ComputationalSystem without authorization. Hackers may also be authorized users of a system that attempt to use or affect the system in a manner that is not consistent with its normal operation or intended use (see #$Hacker-Insider). Hackers attack computational systems using computers - someone who crashes their computer by beating it with a bat or pouring water on it would not be a hacker. Hackers use the resources - input devices, drives, programs, operations, etc. - of a computer to hack it, or they use one computer's resources to hack another. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'hacker' in WordNet: 2. hacker, cyber-terrorist, cyberpunk - (a programmer who breaks into computer systems in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism)
Super-classes	ComputerCracker^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Malicious^c

Hacking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hacking

Description

A specialization of #$ProgrammingAComputer, comprising particularly clever or expert programming feats. Contrary to popular usage of the word hacking , this constant is not intended to refer to acts of breaking into computer systems (for that, see #$PenetratingAComputerNetwork and #$AttackByComputerOperation).

        Includes harmless and criminal varieties - see ''Hacker''.

       Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'hack' in WordNet:
           6. hack, hack on - (fix a computer program piecemeal until it works;
             'I'm not very good at hacking but I'll give it my best')

Super-classes WritingaComputerProgram^c

Hades^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hades

Description

''Hades'' is a Place in some ancient traditions where the dead live, usually in unpleasant circumstances. Often considered as somewhere under the ground, thus being called the 'underworld'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Hades' in WordNet:
         2. Hel, Hell, Hades, infernal region, netherworld, Scheol, underworld -
            ((religion) the world of the dead; 'he didn't want to go to hell when he died')

Super-classes MythicalPlace^c

Hadron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hadron`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hadron' in WordNet: 1. hadron - (any elementary particle that interacts strongly with other particles)`
Super-classes	ElementaryParticle^c
Sub-classes	Baryon^c

Hafnium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hafnium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Hafnium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hafnium' in WordNet:
          1. hafnium, Hf, atomic number 72 - (a grey tetravalent metallic element 
          that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals;
          used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Haggling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Haggling

Description

''Haggling'' is a form of ''Bargaining'' that is prolonged and back-and-forth, and may include disagreements over minor details.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'haggle' in WordNet:
         1. (2) haggle, higgle, chaffer, huckster - (wrangle (over a price, 
             terms of an agreement, etc.); "Let's not haggle over a few dollars")
       WN noun 'haggling':
         1. haggle, haggling, wrangle, wrangling - (an instance of intense argument (as in bargaining))

Super-classes Bargaining^c

Haha-Plant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Haha-Plant`
Description
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c

Hail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hail`
Description	A substance consisting of multiple small pieces of Ice dropping or dropped from the sky as precipitation. `The Event of Hailstones falling is represented as ''HailEvent'' Unclear if the WN sense is inended to represent the Event. This type takes the WN synset as the falling hailstones as a substance. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'hail' in WordNet: 1. (3) hail - (precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents)`
Super-classes	Sleet^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value HailEvent^c

HailEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HailEvent`
Description	Called 'HailProcess' in Cyc. `Cyc: A specialization of #$PrecipitationProcess. Each instance of #$HailProcess is an event in which #$HailStones fall to the earth from clouds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hailstorm' in WordNet: 1. hailstorm - (a storm during which hail falls)`
Super-classes	StormAsEvent^c WaterPrecipitationProcess^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Hail^c

HailMary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HailMary

Description

A 'HailMary''is a ''Prayer'' derived from the words of an Angel greeting the 'BlessedMother' to announce her role in bearing Christ (" The Annunciation ").

       " Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.
         Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
         Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen. "

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hail mary' in WordNet:
          1. Ave Maria, Hail Mary - (a salutation to the Virgin Mary now used in prayers to her)

Super-classes Prayer^c
SacredText^c

HailStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HailStone`
Description	A specialization of #$PrecipitationParticle. Instances of #$HailStone are small particles emitted from clouds in instances of #$HailProcess (q.v.). Instances of #$HailStone usually consist of several concentric layers of ice. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hailstone' in Wordnet: 1. hailstone - (small pellet of ice that falls during a hailstorm)`
Super-classes	CrystallineObject^c RoundObject^c PrecipitationParticle^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value HailEvent^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ice^c

Hair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hair`
Description	COSMO note: Hair is a fibrous material grown on mammals, and is a Substance in COSMO,though the Cyc term 'Hair-Stuff' is used as an Object. This is Hair as a substance, not a single strand of Hair 'Hair-Strand', which would be an Object. This is the substance that can compose a single strand or a 'MobOfHair-Mammal'. NOTE that a bunch of 'Hair-Strand's together would be a 'MobOfHair-Mammal'. `Cyc: The collection of the material of which #$Hair-Strands are composed. Noun sense 1 of 'hair' in WordNet appears to be the closest sense, but it is not identical; the Wordnet sense is closer to 'MobOfHair-Mammal': in WordNet: 1. (59) hair - (a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss; 'he combed his hair'; 'each hair consists of layers of dead keratinized cells')`
Super-classes	HairLikeSubstance^c
Sub-classes	HumanHair^c Fur^c Wool^c

Hair-Strand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hair-Strand`
Description	An individual strand of hair. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'hair' in WordNet: 4. hair, pilus - (any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal; 'there is a hair in my soup')`
Super-classes	HairlikeFiber^c Strand^c AnimalBodyPart^c AnimalFiber^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Hair^c
Sub-classes	HorseHairStrand^c Whisker^c

HairAccessory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairAccessory`
Description	Decorative and/or functional gee-gaws worn in the hair. Barrettes, bows, etc.
Super-classes	WomensClothingAccessory^c
Sub-classes	HairBand^c OrnamentalBand^c HairBarrette^c HairRibbon^c

HairBand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairBand`
Description
Super-classes	HairAccessory^c BandShapedObject^c

HairBarrette^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairBarrette

Description

Barrettes worn in hair.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrette' in WordNet:
        1. barrette - (a pin for holding women's hair in place)

Super-classes HairPin^c
HairAccessory^c

HairBraid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairBraid`
Description	A ''HairBraid'' is a ''BraidedObject'' that is a ''HairObject'', i.e. made of multiple strands of hair. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'braid' in WordNet: 1. (1) braid, plait, tress, twist - (a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair)`
Super-classes	HairObject^c BraidedObject^c CordlikeObject^c
Restrictions	containsManyOfObjectType^op some Hair-Strand^c
Sub-classes	Pigtail^c Dreadlock^c

HairBrush^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairBrush

Description

A brush used to groom the hair.

     brush, brushing -- (the act of brushing your hair; "he gave his hair a quick brush")

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairbrush' in WordNet:
         1. hairbrush - (a brush used to groom a person's hair)

Super-classes Brush^c
PersonalProduct^c

HairCare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairCare`
Description	Any Action in which someone performs some action on a Person's ''Hair'' (usually that Person's own, unless in a hair salon) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hair care' in WordNet: 1. hair care, haircare, hairdressing - (care for the hair: the activity of washing or cutting or curling or arranging the hair)`
Super-classes	PersonalGrooming^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value HairOnHead^c mayUseInstrument^op value HairRoller^c mayUseInstrument^op value HairBrush^c
Sub-classes	BrushingHair^c CurlingEvent^c

HairColorType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairColorType`
Description	Each instance (owl:Class) of ''HairColorType'' describes a term used to characterize the color of a human person's ''HeadHair''.. The instances will be subtypes of ''HairColorValue''.
Super-classes	ColorAttributeType^c
Members	Grey-haired Auburn Ecru BlondeColor HairColorValue Red-HairColor LightBrown DarkBlondeColor Brown-HairColor

HairColorValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairColorValue`
Description	A ''HairColorValue'' is the color of human hair, which can vary from the usage of the same color terms when they are used to describe other things.
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	DarkBlondeColor^c Grey-haired^c Red-HairColor^c BlondeColor^c Brown-HairColor^c Auburn^c LightBrown^c

HairColoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairColoring`
Description	''HairColoring'' is a ''Dye'' that can be used for coloring ''Hair' and also for other purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hair coloring' in WordNet: 1. hair dye, hair coloring - (a dye or tint for the hair)`
Super-classes	Dye^c
Sub-classes	Henna^c

HairConditioner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairConditioner

Description

         NOTE: The WN 'conditioner' includes several kinds of conditioner.  This is
            a conditioner for hair.

         Corresponds to part (for hair) of noun sense 3 of 'conditioner' in WordNet:
           3. conditioner - (a substance used in washing (clothing or hair) to make things softer)

Super-classes LiquidSubstance^c
ToiletrySubstance^c
Softener^c
WaterSolubleStuff^c

HairCut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairCut`
Description	This ''HairCut'' is a specific stype of ''HairDo'' produced by some act of ''CuttingHair'''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'haircut' in WordNet: 1. (2) haircut - (the style in which hair has been cut)`
Super-classes	HairDo^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CuttingHair^c
Sub-classes	CrewCut^c

HairDo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairDo`
Description	A ''HairDo'' is the substance ''Hair'' on the Head of a Human that has a specific Shape created by a process using chemical or heat treatment an rollers to hold the hair while drying. This can be but is not necessarily produced in whole or in part by ''CuttingHair''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairdo' in WordNet: 1. (1) hairdo, hairstyle, hair style, coiffure, coif - (the arrangement of the hair (especially a woman's hair))`
Super-classes	SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c HeadHair^c
Sub-classes	WavyHair^c Dreadlocks^c HairCut^c PonyTail^c

HairDrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairDrier`
Description	A hand-held ''Blower'' that blows hot air, used primarily for drying hair as part of the process of hair care. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hair drier' in Wordnet: 1. hand blower, blow dryer, blow drier, hair dryer, hair drier - (a hand-held electric blower that can blow warm air onto the hair; used for styling hair)`
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c HeatingDevice^c Blower^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	produces^op value HotAir^c heats^op value Air^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value StylingHair^c propels^op some HotAir^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value BlowDrying^c

HairLikeSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairLikeSubstance`
Description	A 'HairLikeSubstance' is composed of filamentous objects that grow on the exterior of organisms. True Hair (hair from mammals) is a subtype.
Super-classes	FibrousSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Hair^c Fuzz^c

HairObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairObject`
Description	In Cyc called 'Hair-stuff'. Cyc: The collection of the material of which #$Hair-Strands are composed. `COSMO NOTE: Cyc did not distinguish between homogeneous objects, substances, and the qualities of such objects, so this category has been assigned to PhysicalObject. This is the collection of all quantities of hair, it is not a substance..`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Hair^c
Sub-classes	HairBraid^c MobOfHair-Mammal^c

HairOnHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairOnHead`
Description	A mob of hairs found on the top of a head. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head of hair' in WordNet: 1. (1) mane, head of hair - (growth of hair covering the scalp of a human being)`
Super-classes	MobOfHair-Mammal^c PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c
Sub-classes	HairOnHead-Human^c

HairOnHead-Human^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairOnHead-Human`
Description	A quantity of human head hair. An instance of #$AnimalBodyPartType and a specialization of #$HairOnHead and #$HumanHair-Stuff. Each instance of #$HairOnHead-Human is a #$MobOfHair-Mammal found on an instance of #$HomoSapiens.
Super-classes	HairOnHead^c HumanHairObject^c
Sub-classes	BlondeHair^c ColoredGlassObject^c ColoredStoneObject^c RedHair^c BlackHair^c

HairPin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairPin`
Description	A Pin that is curved around in a roughly elongated 'U' shape (in contrast to a StraightPin). `@ToDo: The Action ''ShapingHair' could have more subtypes to make this more specific.` . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairpin' in Wordnet: 1. hairpin - (a double pronged pin used to hold women's hair in place)
Super-classes	Pin^c Fastener^c CurvedObject^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value ShapingHair^c
Sub-classes	HairBarrette^c

HairRibbon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairRibbon`
Description	`Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'riband' (for decorating hair) in WordNet: 1. riband, ribband - (a ribbon used as a decoration)`
Super-classes	ClothingItem^c Ribbon^c HairAccessory^c

HairRoller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairRoller`
Description	Any kind of cylindrical object used to help create curls in (usually human) hair in a 'CurlingEvent''. A curling iron that applies heat is not itself an instance, though it may be used together with a''HairRoller''. `RHW noun 5. a hollow, cylindrical object of plastic, stiff net, or the like, upon which hair is rolled up for setting. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'roller' in WordNet: 5. curler, hair curler, roller, crimper - (a mechanical device consisting of a cylindrical tube around which the hair is wound to curl it; 'a woman with her head full of curlers is not a pretty sight')`
Super-classes	Tube^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c CylindricalObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value CurlingEvent^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Tube^c

HairSalon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairSalon`
Description	A ''HairSalon'' is a ''BeautyParlor'' that emphasizes the service of ''Stylinghair'' although other forms beautifying service may be performed there. `CYC A localized (one site) commercial organization that performs hair-cutting/styling.`
Super-classes	BeautyParlor^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value StylingHair^c

HairSplitting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairSplitting`
Description	''HairSplitting'' is a ''Resolving'' Action by a Person in which two similar entities are distinguished as belonging in different categories by considering minor differences as significant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairsplitting' in WordNet: 1. hairsplitting, word-splitting - (making too fine distinctions of little importance; 'they didn't take his hairsplitting seriously')`
Super-classes	Resolving^c
Restrictions	uses^op some Detail^c

HairSpray^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairSpray`
Description	This is the substance contained in a bottle of 'hair spray'. The object would be a subtype of ''ContainerAndContents'' but is not yet represented. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hair spray' in WordNet: 1. hair spray - (toiletry consisting of a commercial preparation that is sprayed on the hair to hold it in place)`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c ToiletrySubstance^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value StylingHair^c

Hairdresser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hairdresser`
Description	A person who cuts and/or arranges the HeadHair of clients to make their appearance more pleasing (to someone). `NOTE: the CYC gloss suggests that this includes a 'barber' who cuts hair but doesn't do the hair 'styling' of women. This type itself includes cutting hair, but only as part of a 'styling' Action. A men's ''Barber'' is a subtype. CYC: 'HairStylist-Professional': Any professional that cuts human hair for profession. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairdresser' in Wordnet: 1. hairdresser, hairstylist, stylist, styler - (someone who cuts or beautifies hair)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Sub-classes	Barber^c

Hairless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hairless`
Description	An AttributeValue of an Animal that has no hair, or so little (relative to the norm) that it is considered 'hairless' (for lack of head hair use the subtype ''Bald''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hairless' in WordNet: 1. (1) hairless - (having no hair or fur; 'a Mexican Hairless is about the size of a fox terrier and hairless except for a tufts on the head and tail')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bald^c Shaved^c

HairlikeFiber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairlikeFiber`
Description	An individual 'Fiber' (strand) of an exterior filamentous material (''HairlikeSubstance'') grown on some Organism; the subtype ''Hair-Strand'' is the type of 'hair' that grows on mammals.
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c Protrusion^c SolidObject^c Strand^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value HairLikeSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Hair-Strand^c

HairpinTurn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HairpinTurn`
Description	A ''HairpinTurn'' is used for a 'CurveInaRoad'' that is ''SharplyCurved'', i.e. it has a smaller radius of curvature that average and causes high G forces that could cause a vehicle to overturnif navigated at a high rate of speed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairpin bend' in WordNet: 1. hairpin bend - (a U-shaped bend in a road)`
Super-classes	CurveInaRoad^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SharplyCurved^c

Hairy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hairy`
Description	'Hairy' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of an Organism Animal - or organism part, that either (1) has a higher density of 'HairLikeSubstance' than the usual for organisms of that type or organism parts of that type, or (2) has more 'HairLikeSubstance' than a related organism, and is called 'hairy' to contrast the types. True Hair is only found on mammals, but this attribute will apply to any organism with lots of stuff that looks like hair (a ''HairLikeSubstance''), such as a ''Tarantula''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hairy' in WordNet: 1. (2) hairy, haired, hirsute - (having or covered with hair; 'Jacob was a hairy man'; 'a hairy caterpillar')`
Super-classes	Unshaven^c
Sub-classes	Woolly^c Furry^c

Haitian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Haitian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Haitian' in Wordnet: 1. Haitian - (of or relating to or characteristic of the republic of Haiti or its people; 'Haitian shantytowns')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

HaitianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HaitianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Haitian' in WordNet: 1. Haitian - (a native or inhabitant of Haiti)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c

Hajj^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hajj`
Description	CYC 'Hajj-Pilgrimage': An instance of #$AnnualTemporalObjectType. Each instance of #$Hajj-Pilgrimage is a traditional #$Pilgrimage by #$MuslimPersons to #$CityOfMeccaSaudiArabia, culminating in special ceremonies during the 8th through 12th days of #$DhuAlHijjah-IslamicMonth. Note that this is the collective, overarching Hajj event: there is exactly one instance of #$Hajj-Pilgrimage each #$IslamicYear. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hajj' in WordNet: 1. hajj, haj, hadj - (the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah; at least once in a lifetime a Muslim is expected to make a religious journey to Mecca and the Kaaba; 'for a Muslim the hajj is the ultimate act of worship')`
Super-classes	Pilgrimage^c
Restrictions	hasDestination^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mecca^c isPerformedBy^op value Hajji^c

Hajji^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hajji`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hajji' in WordNet: 2. hajji, hadji, haji - (an Arabic term of respect for someone who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca)`
Super-classes	Pilgrim^c MuslimPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Hajj^c

HalfBaked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HalfBaked

Description

''HalfBaked'' is a more intense form of 'Unreasonable', an AttributeValue modifying beliefs, indicating that those beliefs not only are internally inconsistent or inconsistent with accepted facts, but are obviously so. This is used mostly to characterize plans that have little or no chance of succeeding.

Of plans:
       idea =  scheme, plan  or theory
    crazy, nuttyIdea = add irrational for theories lunatic for plans
    poorly thought out and impossible to execute (of a plan) or (of a theory)
    RHW 'nutty' 3a. (slang)  silly or ridiculous: a nutty suggestion.
    WN 'crazy'
 2. (2) crazy, half-baked, screwball, softheaded -
    (foolish; totally unsound; 'a crazy scheme'; 'half-baked ideas';
    'a screwball proposal without a prayer of working')

WN 'insane'
 2. (1) harebrained, insane, mad - (very foolish; 'harebrained ideas';
    'took insane risks behind the wheel'; 'a completely mad scheme to build 
    a bridge between two mountains')

    NOTE that WN 'nutty' does not apply to plans or ideas.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'half-baked' in WordNet:
      1. crazy, half-baked, screwball, softheaded - (foolish; totally unsound; 
      'a crazy scheme'; 'half-baked ideas'; 'a screwball proposal without a prayer of working')
     WN adj 'harebrained':
      1. harebrained, insane, mad - (very foolish; 'harebrained ideas';
        'took insane risks behind the wheel'; 'a completely mad scheme to build 
        a bridge between two mountains')

Super-classes Unreasonable^c

HalfPast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HalfPast`
Description	Each ''HalfPast'' is a time of day that is 'half past' some clock hour, i.e. midway between two clock hours.
Super-classes	RelativeTimePoint^c

Halftime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halftime`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halftime' in WordNet: 1. (1) halftime - (an intermission between the first and second half of a game)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c Intermission^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value GameEvent^c
Sub-classes	FootballHalftime^c

Halfway^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halfway

Description

'Halfway' is an AttributeValue of a something (concrete abstract) that has an extension greater than its width (if indeed it has a width) such that the thing characterized is not closer to the end than it is to the beginning..

       Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'halfway' in WordNet:
         1. (4) center, halfway, middle, midway - (equally distant from the extremes)
         2. (1) halfway - (at a point midway between two extremes; 'at the halfway mark')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Halibut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halibut`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'halibut' in WordNet: 2. halibut, holibut - (marine food fish of the northern Atlantic or northern Pacific; the largest flatfish and one of the largest teleost fishes)`
Super-classes	Flatfish^c

Halide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halide`
Description	`Any ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' having a halogen atom in ionic form or singly bonded to another atom. Includes noun sense 1 of 'halide' in Wordnet: 1. halide - (a salt of any halogen acid)`
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Halogen^c
Sub-classes	CarbonHalide^c

Halite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halite' in WordNet: 1. halite, rock salt - (naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c

Halitosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halitosis`
Description	''Halitosis is the ''PhysiologicalCondition'' of exhaling ''BadBreath'' (in WN a ''Halitosis'') for more than a brief time interval. `The condition called 'halitosis' is not in WN. In RHW: a condition of having offensive-smelling breath; bad breath.`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value EmittingaBadBreath^c hasRepeatedEntity^op value EmittingaBadBreath^c

Halitus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halitus`
Description	The quantity of air (the air itself, a PhysicalObject)inhaled or exhaled in one Inhaling or Exhaling event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halitus' in WordNet: 1. halitus, exhalation - (exhaled breath)`
Super-classes	Breath^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Exhaling^c
Sub-classes	BadBreath^c

Hall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hall`
Description	A large room for gatherings of people, having fixed seats or is commonly used to have seated audiences. `Similar to ''Auditorium'' except for how it is referred to by most people. In a school building or church complex this kind of ''Hall'' would usually be called an''Auditorium''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hall' and sene 1 of 'assembly hall' in WordNet: 3. (6) hall - (a large room for gatherings or entertainment; 'lecture hall'; 'pool hall') WN noun 'assembly hall': 1. assembly hall - (a hall where many people can congregate)`
Super-classes	SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c Room^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet^dp value 1000.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasCharacteristicActivity^op value PublicAssembly^c
Sub-classes	Auditorium^c

Hallelujah^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hallelujah

Description

''Hallelujah'' is the act of shouting or singing the word ''Hallelujah'' or a phrase or song containing the word.

      'Singing hallelujahs at ninety decibels'

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hallelujah' in WordNet:
         1. (1) hallelujah - (a shout or song of praise to God)

Super-classes PraisingGod^c

Hallmark^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hallmark

Description

''Hallmark'' is a distinctive ''Characteristic'' of products or Actions identified with People or Organizations.

         NOTE: 'stylemark' is not in RHW. use it as label anyway.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hallmark' in WordNet:
          1. (2) hallmark, trademark, earmark, stylemark - (a distinctive characteristic or attribute)

Super-classes Characteristic^c

Hallucinating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hallucinating

Description

''Hallucinating'' is an attribute of someone who is seeing things that are not there.

      NOTE: there is a type of 'delirium' caused by illness, such as fever, that might
      be distinguished with a subtype.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hallucinating' in WordNet:
        1. delirious, hallucinating - (experiencing delirium)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Hallucination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hallucination`
Description	A ''Hallucination'' is an ''Object'' of any kind that is believed to have been seen by a person experiencing a ''Hallucination''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hallucination' in WordNet: 3. hallucination - (an object perceived during a hallucinatory episode; 'he refused to believe that the angel was a hallucination')`
Super-classes	MentalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Imaginary^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value PhysicalObject^c isProducedByEventType^op value HallucinationState^c

HallucinationState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HallucinationState`
Description	A ''HallucinationState'' is a ''Delusion'' in which the subject believe that s/he is seeing or has seen something that did not in fact exist at the tie and place where the subject believes it did. The thing belieed to have been seen is called a ''Hallucination''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hallucination' in WordNet: 1. (1) hallucination - (illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder) WN verb 'hallucinate': 1. hallucinate - (perceive what is not there; have illusions)`
Super-classes	Delusion^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Hallucination^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Hallucinating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Irrational^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Erroneous^c

Hallucinogen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hallucinogen`
Description	CYC: The collection of substances that can cause hallucinations. Also known as 'psychedelic drugs'. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'hallucinogen' in WordNet: 1. hallucinogen, hallucinogenic drug, psychedelic drug, psychodelic drug - (a psychoactive drug that induces hallucinations or altered sensory experiences)`
Super-classes	PsychoactiveAgent^c
Restrictions	induces^op value HallucinationState^c
Sub-classes	LSD^c Mescaline^c

Hallway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hallway`
Description	Hallways in instances of #$ShelterConstruction. RHW 'corridor' : 1. a gallery or passage connecting parts of a building; hallway. A ''Hallway'' should have walls on both sides or at least one. Otherwise it might be an ''Aisle''. NOTE: an interior 'corridor' is usually used for long hallways in a large building, such as a school or office building. That distinction if needed can be made by adding a subtype of ''Corridor''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'hallway' and sense 1 of 'corridor' in Wordnet: 1. (5) hallway, hall - (an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open; 'the elevators were at the end of the hall') WN noun 'corridor': 1. (9) corridor - (an enclosed passageway; rooms usually open onto it)
Super-classes	SpaceInAHOC^c Passageway^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Wall^c

Halo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halo`
Description	A ''Halo'' is an area of ''Brightness'' in a view or image shaped like a torus (a ring of light) and located just above the head of a Person, and about the width of the head of that Person, indicating that the Person thus represented is 'Saintly' or ''Holy'', in the opinion of the Person creating that image. A similar object appearing above a live Person would be a miracle or perhaps a magician's trick, if not an optical illusion. The diameter is about the size of the head of the Person having the ''Halo'', but how large it is in an image depends on the scale of the image - not clear how to represent such scaled object sizes at this point. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halo' in WordNet: 1. (4) aura, aureole, halo, nimbus, glory, gloriole - (an indication of radiant light drawn around the head of a saint)`
Super-classes	Brightness^c BrightPartOfAnImage^c Sign^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Saintliness^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Torus^c isaSignOf^op value Saintliness^c isDirectlyAbove^op value Head^c

Halogen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halogen`
Description	A ''Halogen'' is any element categorized within the 'halogen' series of elements, occupying column 17 (or 7A or VIIA) in the periodic table of elements. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halogen' in WordNet: 1. (4) halogen - (any of five related nonmetallic elements (fluorine or chlorine or bromine or iodine or astatine) that are all monovalent and readily form negative ions)`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c
Sub-classes	Iodine^c Fluorine^c Chlorine^c Astatine^c Bromine^c

HaltingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HaltingEvent`
Description	A 'HaltingEvent' is an Event in which some Object in motion ceases to move and comes to a rest in some position. This is a subtype of Motion because the phase in which the object decelerates to a halt is included in the Event. The Motion that halts can be of any kind - translation, rotation, vibration. This includes the transitive sense of 'cause to halt' as in stopping a car. `NOTE that 'stop a car' means stop the motion of the car. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 and noun sense 1 of 'halt' in WordNet: WN verb 'halt' 2. (7) stop, halt - (come to a halt, stop moving; 'the car stopped'; 'She stopped in front of a store window')`
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c Motion^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some Motion^c
Sub-classes	HaltingGradually^c Relenting^c SettlingInaPosition^c Tackling^c BoggingDown^c MiringaVehicle^c

HaltingGradually^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HaltingGradually`
Description	A ''HaltingGradually'' is a ''HaltingEvent'' in which some moving object comes to a stop (relative to the surface relative to which it was moving), in a gradual rather than abrupt manner. There may be borderline cases where 'gradually' is not so different from 'abrupt' but this Action should be perceptibly gradual, i.e. should take more than 15 seconds, and not cause by interruption by the actions of external forces (other than gravity or other natural physical forces).
Super-classes	HaltingEvent^c
Sub-classes	StoppingaVehicle^c

HalvingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HalvingSomething`
Description	''HalvingSomething'' is an Action in which something (solid or liquid, including quantities of materials in powder or granular form as well as rigid solids) is divided into two approximately equal parts. 'The two of you can halve your cake and eat it.' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'halve' and part of verb sense 1 of 'split' in WordNet: 1. (6) halve - (divide by two; divide into halves; 'Halve the cake')`
Super-classes	DividingSomethingIntoParts^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Part^c hadObjectModified^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	SplittingInTwo^c

Halyard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Halyard`
Description	A ''Halyard'' is a ''RopeOrCable'' that is supported by some part of a ''Flagpole'' or Spar and is used to directly support a ''Flag'' or Sail so that If a Flag) it can be raised and lowered from the ground., or (if a ''Spar'' or ''Sail'') it can be moved into the position where it can help propel the ship. `CYC: A rope or tackle for hoisting and lowering something (as sails). (see ''Rigging'' - this is the general type. RHW: any of various lines or tackles for hoisting a spar, sail, flag, etc., into position for use. NOTE: the restrictions are for Halyards on a Flagpole - for those on Ships, a subtype is needed or the restrictions should be changed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halyard' in WordNet: 1. halyard, halliard - (a rope for raising or lowering a sail or flag)`
Super-classes	RopeOrCable^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HoistingaFlag^c supports^op value Flag^c isSupportedBy^op value Flagpole^c

Ham^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ham`
Description	''Pork'' that is taken from the thigh of a ''Pig'' (=hog). `Corresponds approximately (interpreted as a substance)to noun sense 1 of 'ham' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ham, jambon, gammon - (meat cut from the thigh of a hog (usually smoked))`
Super-classes	Food^c Pork^c
Restrictions	isTheMeatOf^op value PigThigh^c

Hamburger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hamburger`
Description	CYC 'HamburgerSandwich': A type of #$Sandwich consisting of a fried or broiled ground beef patty on a bun or roll. Named, for some reason, after the #$CityOfHamburgGermany, hamburgers were probably first eaten in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hamburger' in WordNet: 1. hamburger, beefburger, burger - (a sandwich consisting of a fried cake of minced beef served on a bun, often with other ingredients)`
Super-classes	Sandwich^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value GroundBeefPatty^c
Sub-classes	Cheeseburger^c

HamletVillage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HamletVillage

Description

A ''HamletVillage'' is a ''Village'' that is small (even for a ''Village'', which is small for a ''Town'').

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hamlet' in WordNet:
          3. village, hamlet - (a settlement smaller than a town)

Super-classes Village^c

Hammer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hammer`
Description	A hand tool used for pounding and possibly for prying. Comprised of a 'StraightHandle' and a heavy (usually metal) head with at least one blunt end for pounding; the other end of the head may be forked (as in a claw hammer) or wedged for prying, or rounded as in a ball-and-peen hammer. This includes as a subtype the heavier ''Sledgehammer'', which is blunt at both ends and used for pounding objects like stakes into the ground, or for other 'pounding' actions that need more force than a typical carpenter's hammer. NOTE that this type of 'Hammer' is prototypical, and must have a 'StraightHandle'. SUMO: A Device that is used to pound Nails into a surface, where they become firmly attached. COSMO note: this Type is for the traditional hand-powered hammer, no powered devices or jack-hammers are included (a powered nail driver is not a hammer). Hammers that have functions other than to pound nails, such as lump hammers, are included, as long as they have a head and a straight handle. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hammer' in WordNet: 2. (2) hammer - (a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive force by striking)
Super-classes	HandTool^c CarpentryTool^c SimpleTool^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Hammerhead^c hasPhysicalPart^op value StraightHandle^c canBeUsedInAction^op value HammeringANail^c
Sub-classes	SledgeHammer^c

Hammerhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hammerhead`
Description	This ''Hammerhead'' includes the heads of clawed hammers, ball-and-peen hammers, and 'Sledgehammer''s., `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hammerhead' in WordNet: 2. hammerhead - (the striking part of a hammer)`
Super-classes	StrikingPartOfTool^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Hammer^c

HammeringANail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HammeringANail`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which someone uses a #$Hammer to drive a #$Nail into another object. Frequently this is a subevent of #$Nailing one object to another. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hammer' in WordNet: 1. (4) hammer - (beat with or as if with a hammer; 'hammer the metal flat')`
Super-classes	HammeringSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op value Nail^c

HammeringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HammeringSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hammer' in WordNet: 1. (4) hammer - (beat with or as if with a hammer; 'hammer the metal flat')`
Super-classes	StrikingAnObjectWithaTool^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Hammer^c
Sub-classes	HammeringANail^c

Hammock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hammock`
Description	A ''Bed'' that is a flexible sheet-like object that can be rolled up and transported, and is suspended at both ends from some vertical support (tree, pole, wall, post). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hammock' in Wordnet: 2. hammock, sack - (a hanging bed of canvas or rope netting (usually suspended between two trees); swings easily)`
Super-classes	Bed^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeSuspendedFrom^op min 2

Hamper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hamper`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hamper' in WordNet: 2. hamper - (a basket usually with a cover)`
Super-classes	Basket^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value ContainerLid^c
Sub-classes	LaundryBasket^c

Hamster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hamster`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hamster' in WordNet: 1. hamster - (short-tailed Old World burrowing rodent with large cheek pouches)`
Super-classes	DomesticPet^c Rodent^c

Hamstrings^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hamstrings

Description

Muscle which runs along the back of the thigh. Actually, it's tendon.! rare CYC mistake

        RHW: 1. (in humans and other primates)
          any of the tendons that bound the ham of the knee.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hamstrings' in WordNet:
          1. hamstring, hamstring tendon - (one of the tendons at the back of the knee)

Super-classes Tendon^c

Hand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hand`
Description	A specialization of #$HolderGripper and #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$HolderGripper is a terminal part of a vertebrate forelimb that is structurally suited to function as a grasping organ (as in people, newts, etc.). Every 'Hand' has (typically) some fingers. `SUMO: The grasping, fingered part of an upper limb of a Primate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hand' in WordNet; note that WN 'paw' here is colloquial and metaphorical, not an animal paw that cannot grip: 1. (216) hand, manus, mitt, paw - (the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb; 'he had the hands of a surgeon'; 'he extended his mitt')`
Super-classes	HolderGripper^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Finger^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Arm^c
Sub-classes	Fist^c LeftHumanHand^c CuppedHand^c RightHumanHand^c

Hand-Me-Down^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hand-Me-Down`
Description	Not necessarily 'outgrown' but 'previously owned', usually by a family member (older close relative), and given to the new user for free.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hand-we-down' in WordNet: 1. hand-me-down - (outgrown garment passed down from one person to another)`
Super-classes	UsedArtifact^c Garment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CostFree^c

Hand-RenderedImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hand-RenderedImage`
Description	A PhysicalObject containing an image that was created by an Agent that applied materials (or chiseled away solid sustrate) by hand. This does not include images created on a computer, even if they were created by freehand drawing.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c StillImage^c TwoDimensionalArtObject^c
Sub-classes	Drawing-Depiction^c StageScenery^c Painting^c

HandBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandBone`
Description
Super-classes	ArmBone^c
Sub-classes	Metacarpal^c

HandClap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandClap`
Description	A ''HandClap'' is a ''Noise'' that is sudden and (usually) loud and of short duration, made by the intentional act of two hands (of the same person) striking each other. This is commonly the unit subevent of a ''ClappingSound'' but a single clap may be used for various purposes, such as to draw attention,to scare away an animal, or (with some modern electronic applicancess) to turn on or off a Device. (e.g. a lamp). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clap' in WordNet: 3. clack, clap - (a sharp abrupt noise as if two objects hit together; may be repeated)`
Super-classes	Noise^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value BothHands^c

HandCraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandCraft`
Description	A ''HandCraft'' is any piece of ''ManufacturedGoods'' that is made by hand, i.e. is produced by a ''ManufacturingByHand'' Action. This is not necessarily a ''HomeMade'' object, as it can be made in a large manufaturing facility that employs many workers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handcraft' in WordNet: 1. handicraft, handcraft, handiwork, handwork - (a work produced by hand labor)`
Super-classes	ProductObject^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value HandCrafting^c

HandCrafting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandCrafting`
Description	''HandCrafting'' is a ''Manufacturing'' in which a ''HandCraft'' (a''ProductObject'') made for sale is produced largely by manipulating the object and its components and starting materials with the hands. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'handcraft' in WordNet: 1. handcraft - (make something by hand; 'We handcraft all our paper')`
Super-classes	Manufacturing^c HandlingAnObject^c
Restrictions	produces^op some HandCraft^c
Sub-classes	MakingSomethingAtHome^c

HandGrenade^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandGrenade

Description

CYC: A specialization of #$ConventionalWeapon. Each instance of #$HandGrenade is a grenade (i.e., a small explosive device) designed to be thrown by its user, as opposed to being projected by a grenade launcher. Cf. #$RifleGrenade.

        SUMO: A hand grenade is a small explosive device
          with a simple trigger mechanism, usually lasting a few seconds, designed
           to be propelled by a human to its target.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hand grenade' in WordNet:
           1. (2) hand grenade - (a grenade designed to be thrown by hand)

Super-classes Bomb^c
SmallArm-Weapon^c
ProjectileWeapon^c
MilitaryWeapon^c
SmallObject^c

HandHeld^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandHeld

Description

''HandHeld'' is the attribute that characterizes a ''SmallObject'' that can be held in the hands), or a Device designed to be held in the hand(s).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'handheld' in Wordnet:
          1. hand-held, handheld - (small and light enough to be operated while you hold it in your hands;
              'a hand-held computer')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HandHeldObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandHeldObject`
Description	A ''HandHeldObject'' is a general type used for any Device intended to be held in one hand when in use. It does not necessarily have a ''Handle''.
Super-classes	Device-SingleUser^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HandHeld^c
Sub-classes	Tambourine^c CottonBall^c HandTool^c Spyglass^c Slingshot^c PersonalDigitalAssistant^c SmartPhone^c Utensil^c Flail^c

HandMade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandMade`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'handmade' in Wordnet: 1. (2) handmade, hand-crafted - (made by hand or a hand process; 'delicate handmade baby dresses')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	HomeMade^c

HandPuppet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandPuppet`
Description	This includes the marionette and the hand puppet,which can and should be differentiated with subtypes. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'puppet' in WordNet: 1. (1) puppet, marionette - (a small figure of a person operated from above with strings by a puppeteer) 3. puppet - (a doll with a hollow head of a person or animal and a cloth body; intended to fit over the hand and be manipulated with the fingers)`
Super-classes	Puppet^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op value Hand^c

HandRail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandRail`
Description	A ''Handrail'' is a ''Bar'' that is the part of a ''Railing'' that functions either to allow a Person to grasp it so as to provide stability while ascending or descending a staircase or sloped walkway, or when at the edge of a platform (such as a balcony) or of a slope adjacent to a walking surface, (as at an overlook on a hill) to provide stability while a Person stands and looks at the area beyond the ''Handrail''. A ''Handrail'' is usually supported by an aligned row of vertical ''Baluster''s, but may (as in a staircase) be fastened to a wall withuot supporting ''Baluster''s `CYC: A rail that one holds onto for support. NOTe that WN 'handrail seems to conflate the Balustrade and the horizontal ''Rail'' with the whole object consisting of those parts.`
Super-classes	Part^c Handle^c ManufacturedGoods^c Bar^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Railing^c supportsPartly^op value Person^c isUsedInAction^op value HoldingWithHand^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostlyHorizontal^c

HandSaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandSaw`
Description	A ''HandSaw'' is a ''Saw'' that is operated by one or two hands; if tw hands,those are usually hand of tw different people, as when lmberjacks used a two-man saw to saw a large tree. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'hand saw' in WordNet: 1. handsaw, hand saw, carpenter's saw - (a saw used with one hand for cutting wood)`
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c Saw^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SawingSomething^c

HandShape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandShape`
Description	A 'HandShape'' is a ''SignLanguageGesture'' that uses both hands and is a sign used in sign language.. `RHW 'handshape': (in sign language) the held position of the hand and fingers in producing a particular sign.`
Super-classes	SignLanguageGesture^c SignLanguageSign^c
Restrictions	uses^op value BothHands^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

HandSizedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandSizedObject`
Description	A ''HandSizedObject'' is a ''SmallObject'' that can be easily grasped with two fingers and is not much larger than a person's hand; it has a maximum diameter of 6 inches and a minimum diameter of 4 mm. `For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 0.4^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c
Sub-classes	ShoeHeel^c Clip^c Vial^c Bookmark^c IceCube^c Shuttlecock^c Inkwell^c KnittingNeedle^c BowlingPin^c ErlenmeyerFlask^c Jewelry^c CandyCane^c Stylus^c BarOfSoap^c PadlockBody^c FootRest^c PinnableObject^c Thermos^c Cigar^c Badge^c PotHolder^c Saucer^c Fan-HandHeld^c Rivet^c MagneticTapeCassette^c Lollipop^c Pacifier^c FingerSizedObject^c Palette^c Brand^c Trivet^c Knob^c ControlBar^c MagnifyingGlass^c Pull^c Eyewear^c Padlock^c Eyepiece^c Peg^c SurgicalKnife^c HandWritingImplement^c Peeler^c CandyBar^c Snowball^c CrochetingNeedle^c Roll^c Headlight^c Goggles^c Pin^c ArtifactStem^c ArtifactBase^c Rattle^c CigaretteLighter^c Stapler^c Stirrup^c DrinkingCan^c ShreddedWheatBiscuit^c Biscuit^c GranolaBar^c YoYo^c Cassette^c Wallet^c ModelFigure^c IndianClub^c WashCloth^c DeckOfCards^c

HandTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandTool`
Description	A specialization of both #$Tool and #$PortableObject. Each instance of #$HandTool is a portable tool which is hand-guided throughout its operation. Specializations of #$HandTool include the collections #$Screwdriver, #$ManualDrill, and #$BlowDryer. Note that this is a broad sense of 'tool' that includes ''HandWritingImplement''s such as pencils, pens, and chalks. NOTE: we restrict 'HandTool' to those that can be typically lifted in one hand, though it may be more convenient to use it holding it in both hands (as wih a ''Broom''). Thus a jackhammer, REQUIRING two hands to manipulate, will not be a subtype. Most HandTool's have a handle, but some (e.g. a small sandpaper holder) do not - they are small enough to manipulate in one hand without a separate handle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hand tool' in WordNet: 1. (2) hand tool - (a tool used with workers' hands)
Super-classes	Tool^c HandHeldObject^c PoweredDevice^c Device-SingleUser^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op some Handle^c
Sub-classes	Pitchfork^c KnittingNeedle^c DrinkingStraw^c Comb^c Scissors^c Stylus^c PickAxe^c Razor^c Router^c CleaningImplement^c Screwdriver^c GrippingTool^c LongHandledTool^c Club^c Spatula^c Crank^c Scythe^c Shovel^c MagnifyingGlass^c HandWritingImplement^c Oar^c FoodUtensil^c AcupunctureNeedle^c CrochetingNeedle^c Chisel^c Hammer^c Axe^c Opener^c File-Tool^c CorkScrew^c Punch-TheTool^c ChainSaw^c Knife^c FasteningTool^c GardeningTool^c Tongs^c Shears^c Whip^c Bow-Weapon^c Pliers^c Crowbar^c Hoe^c Sickle^c Rake^c

HandWritingImplement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandWritingImplement`
Description	COSMO note: this is a 'StraightObject' and therefore a feather used as a pen is a marginal instance. `Cyc: #$WritingImplement is a specialization of #$StationeryProduct and #$HandTool. Each instance of #$WritingImplement is a hand-held tool which is intended to be primarily used, by a person, for writing. Specializations include the collections #$Chalk-WritingImplement and #$WritingPen (but not #$Typewriter). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'writing implement' in Wordnet: 1. writing implement - (an implement that is used to write)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c Shaft^c HandSizedObject^c StationeryProduct^c WritingDevice^c
Sub-classes	Pen^c Crayon^c Chalk-WritingImplement^c Pencil^c

HandWritten^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandWritten

Description

The attribute of any text in any language with a writing system, on any surface that has been written by making marks on a surface using the hand, usually by manually applying a writing instrument to the surface.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'handwritten' in WordNet:
         1. (1) handwritten - (written by hand)

Super-classes Written^c

Handbook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handbook`
Description	A ''Handbook'' is a one-volume ReferenceWork containing factual information about some topic, often in formatted form with data tables, or well-indexed and organized text. Disjoint with ''Textbook'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handbook' in WordNet: 1. handbook, enchiridion, vade mecum - (a concise reference book providing specific information about a subject or location)`
Super-classes	ReferenceWork^c
Sub-classes	GuideBook^c ManualBook^c

Handcuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handcuff`
Description	A ''Handcuff'' (or 'handcuffs') is a ''ShackleBond'' designed to be fastened to both hands (usually at the wrist) to hold them together, and keep the Person thus shacked from using the hands,making control of the Person easier. `This type includes the modern plastic 'handcuffs' used by police. Those might be subtypes? Can one handcuff a one-armed Person?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handcuff' in WordNet: 1. handcuff, cuff, handlock, manacle - (shackle that consists of a metal loop that can be locked around the wrist; usually used in pairs)`
Super-classes	ShackleBond^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value BothHands^c

Handgun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handgun`
Description	A specialization of #$Gun-Portable. Each instance of #$Handgun is a firearm designed to be held and fired with one hand. NOTE: this is for a modern handgun that uses a ''BulletAssembly'', and does not include an antique ball-firing muzzle-loading pistol. `This is the only sense in WordNet for 'pistol' and 'handgun': in WordNet: 1. pistol, handgun, side arm, shooting iron; 'side arm' is more general, nicluding swords, and represented by the parent ''Sidearm''. - (a firearm that is held and fired with one hand)`
Super-classes	Sidearm^c Firearm^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value BulletAssembly^c propels^op value Bullet^c
Sub-classes	Revolver^c

HandicappedPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandicappedPerson`
Description	A ''HandicappedPerson'' .is someone who has some form of 'handicap' which could be physical or mental. There will be a number of major subtypes.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handicapped person' in WordNet: 1. handicapped person - (a person who has some condition that markedly restricts their ability to function physically or mentally or socially)`
Super-classes	Person^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disabled^c
Sub-classes	Cripple^c

Handicraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handicraft`
Description	A ''Handicraft is a ''SkilledTrade'' that requires working carefully with the hands. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'handicraft' in WordNet: 2. handicraft - (a craft that requires skillful hands)`
Super-classes	SkilledTrade^c
Sub-classes	Bookbinding^c

Handkerchief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handkerchief`
Description	A small piece of cloth used for personal purposes like blowing the nose or as an accessory on attire. @ToDo: paper hanky?? FacialTissue? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handkerchief' in Wordnet: 1. (6) handkerchief, hankie, hanky, hankey - (a square piece of cloth used for wiping the eyes or nose or as a costume accessory)`
Super-classes	Kerchief^c SquareSheet^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 50.0^c

Handle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handle`
Description	Anything that can be grasped by the hand that enables manipulation of a PhysicalObject. CYC A collection of devices. Each instance of #$Handle is a part (it might be a detachable part, it might be a specially shaped region of a thing) of another object, of which it is the handle. Each instance of #$Handle is a physical device which is designed to be grasped with the human hand in such a way that the grasper can more easily control his or her orientation to the object that the handle is attached to. In most cases, handles are intended to help in manipulating the object, by allowing the user to move the object in a more controlled way than s/he could without the handle. Handles are found on cookware, suitcases, crutches, doors, hand-held and hand-powered tools - in fact, on most artifacts that humans need to manipulate frequently and which are bigger and heavier than a dinner plate or a book. In other, less common cases, handles are provided on objects (a) to facilitate moving oneself around the object (rather than vice versa), e.g., handles on a pommel horse or other exercise equipment, or on a ladder, in a spacecraft, or pounded into a rock face; or (b) for holding oneself stationary with respect to some moving object, e.g., handles inside a subway car. Note that handles are sometimes used to perform other functions, such as hanging one's dry cleaning from the little handle above the rear door of a passenger car. SUMO: The part or parts of an Artifact that are designed to be held with the Hands when the Artifact is used or carried. COSMO note: As a Protrusion, this is a PhysicalFeature, which is a Role. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handle' in WordNet: 1. (5) handle, grip, handgrip, hold - (the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it; 'he grabbed the hammer by the handle'; 'it was an old briefcase but it still had a good grip')
Super-classes	EngineeringComponent^c PartOfanArtifact^c Protrusion^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Grasping^c
Sub-classes	HandleStock^c HandRail^c StraightHandle^c HandleBar^c Knob^c LoopedHandle^c Butt^c StrapHandle^c

HandleBar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandleBar`
Description	The curved elongated ''Bar'' held and manipulated by the driver of a bicycle or motorbike to steer the Device, especially the handlebar like on a bicycle, motorcycle or snowmobile. The rider steers the device using the handlebars. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handlebar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) handlebar - (the shaped bar used to steer a bicycle)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Bar^c VehicleController^c Handle^c Device-UserControlled^c VehiclePart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (Bicycle^c or Motorcycle^c or TransportationDeviceType^c) isUsedInAction^op value SteeringaRoadVehicle^c steers^op value RoadVehicle^c

HandleStock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandleStock`
Description	A 'HandleStock' is a Handle that is the thicker or wider end of a LongHandle on some implement. Usually used to refer to the 'stock' of a Rifle, represented as subtype ''RifleStock''. The two senses of 'stock' included here can probably be differentiated `Includes noun senses 7 and 15 of 'stock' in WordNet: 7. (12) stock, gunstock - (the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun; 'the rifle had been fitted with a special stock') 15. (1) stock - (the handle end of some implements or tools; 'he grabbed the cue by the stock')`
Super-classes	Handle^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LongHandle^c isAtTheEndOf^op value LongHandle^c
Sub-classes	Gripstock^c

HandlebarMoustache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandlebarMoustache`
Description	A ''Moustache'' that is curved up and down, reminiscent of a ''Handlebar'' on a bicycle or motorcycle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mustachio' in WordNet: 1. mustachio, moustachio, handle-bars - (a large bushy moustache (with hair growing sometimes down the sides of the mouth))`
Super-classes	Moustache^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Curved^c

HandlingADevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandlingADevice`
Description	A specialization of #$HandlingAnObject. Each instance of #$HandlingADevice is an event in which a device is manipulated (with the operator holding and touching the device) so that it can be used for its #$primaryFunction. Specializations of #$HandlingADevice include #$Pruning, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, #$OperatingAHouseholdAppliance, #$PumpingGasEvent, and #$WritingByHand.
Super-classes	HandlingAnObject^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c
Sub-classes	GrippingWithHands^c GearShifting^c ToastingSomething^c Whipping^c UnscrewingSomething^c OperatingaPoweredDevice^c StrikingAnObjectWithaTool^c ScrewingSomething^c PumpingGasoline^c CuttingSomething^c ModifyingAnArtifact^c PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c StaplingEvent^c ControllingATransportationDevice^c Scrubbing^c SteeringADeviceByHand^c

HandlingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandlingAnObject`
Description	COSMO note: 'HandlingAnObject'' includes ''HoldingOnToAnObject'' and moving the object held, directly with the hands or through some closely controlled device, such as a remote-control hand,or in the case of some animals, seizing it with a claw or the mouth. To pick something up is to be 'HandlingAnObject'. NOTE that ''HoldingAnObject'' is a subEvent of 'HandlingAnObject'' - a 'subEvent' that continues during the 'handling'. Cyc: A collection of events and a specialization of #$ActionOnObject, #$ControllingSomething, #$PhysicalContactEvent, and #$SensoryEvent (qq.v.). Each instance of #$HandlingAnObject is an event in which an object (see #$SomethingExisting) is touched and manipulated by some #$Agent. Specializations of this collection include #$ManipulatingWithFingers and #$HandlingADevice (qq.v.). Corresponds to sense 4 and part of sense 5 of verb 'handle' and verb sense 2 of 'manipulate' in WordNet; the 'wield' part of sense 5 should be a subtype.; sense Senses 4 and 5 in WordNet overlap in that they both include moving an object - but in WordNet that seems to be also the sense of 'manipulate'. in WordNet: 4. (3) handle, palm - (touch, lift, or hold with the hands; 'Don't handle the merchandise') 5. (1) wield, handle - (handle effectively; 'The burglar wielded an axe') WN 'manipulate' 2. (3) manipulate - (hold something in one's hands and move it) WN noun 'handling': 2. (2) handling, manipulation - (the action of touching with the hands (or the skillful use of the hands) or by the use of mechanical means)
Super-classes	HoldingOnToAnObject^c Touching^c CausingAnObjectToMove^c UsingTheHand^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HoldingAnObject^c hadObjectHandled^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	FlailingAnAnimal^c Flailing^c HandlingADevice^c Paperwork^c ClubbingAnAnimal^c Grabbing^c PlantingaPlant^c TamperingWithSomething^c Crumpling^c TeeingUp^c PolishingShoes^c Kneading^c HandCrafting^c

HandlingAnObjectEasily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandlingAnObjectEasily`
Description	''HandlingSomethingEasily'' is a special manner of ''MovingWithTheHand'', including carrying something by hand from place to place, in which the Action is accomplished ''Easily''
Super-classes	MovingWithTheHand^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Easily^c

Handout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handout`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'handout' in WordNet: 2. handout - (giving money or food or clothing to a needy person)`
Super-classes	CharitableAction^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op value PoorPeople^c

HandsOn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandsOn`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hands-on' in Wordnet: 1. hands-on - (involving active participation; 'he's a hands-on manager'; 'hands-on operations')`
Super-classes	Involved^c

Handwritten^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handwritten`
Description	Any of the several categorized styles in which documents may be handwritten, as opposed to printed, engraved, etc. `Corresponds to Adjective sense 1 of 'handwritten' in Wordnet: 1. (1) handwritten - (written by hand)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	CursiveStyleOfWriting^c PrintedStyleOfWriting^c

HandwrittenNote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandwrittenNote`
Description	A ''HandwrittenNote'' is a short ''Note'' produced by a ''WritingByHand''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jotting' in WordNet: 1. jotting, jot - (a brief (and hurriedly handwritten) note)`
Super-classes	Note^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value JottingDownSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

HandwrittenText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HandwrittenText`
Description	Any physical text that was created by a WritingByHand Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handwriting' in Wordnet: 1. (2) handwriting, hand, script - (something written by hand; 'she recognized his handwriting'; 'his hand was illegible')`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Handwritten^c
Sub-classes	Signature^c Scribble^c

Handyman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Handyman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handyman' in WordNet: 1. (1) handyman, jack of all trades, odd-job man - (a man skilled in various odd jobs and other small tasks)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c Mender^c

Hangar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hangar`
Description	A ''Hangar'' is large, but may be able to hold as few as one Airplane if the plane is large. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hangar' in WordNet: 1. airdock, hangar, repair shed - (a large structure at an airport where aircraft can be stored and maintained)`
Super-classes	RepairFacility^c Building^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value RepairingAirplanes^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value RepairingAirplanes^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Hanger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hanger`
Description	A ''Hanger'' is a ''SupportingObject'' which is used in a ''HangingSomething'' Action as the object that support the thing being hung. This can be the type of ''Hook'' that is fastened to a vertical support, such as a ''ClothesHook'', or one that is a v-shaped rigid or semi-rigid object that has a hook-like component at the point of the 'V', which can be used to hold objects and allow them to be suspended from a horizontal ''ClothingRod'' or from a fixed hook. This is a ''SmallObject'' that can be held in one hand. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hanger' in WordNet: 2. hanger - (anything from which something can be hung)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c SmallObject^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op value RigidObject^c supports^op value Picture^c
Sub-classes	PictureHook^c CoatHanger^c ClothesHook^c

HangingDownPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HangingDownPart`
Description	A ''HangingDownPart'' is part of the BottomPart of a TopAndBottomSidedObject, and is also a ''Protrusion'', hanging down from the remainder of the object of which it is a part.
Super-classes	OrientedPart^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	wasTheMainParticipantIn^op value HangingFromSomething^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some BottomPart^c
Sub-classes	CoatTail^c

HangingFromSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HangingFromSomething`
Description	An Event in which some object is hanging from another PhysicaObject, and is being supported by that other PhysicalObject. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hang' in WordNet: 1. (35) hang - (be suspended or hanging; 'The flag hung on the wall')`
Super-classes	BeingSupported^c
Sub-classes	Dangling^c HangingFromaCeiling^c

HangingFromaCeiling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HangingFromaCeiling`
Description	'HangingFromaCeiling'' is a ''HangingFromSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''Ceiling''.
Super-classes	HangingFromSomething^c
Restrictions	hasSupportingThing^op value Ceiling^c

HangingOutWithFriends^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HangingOutWithFriends`
Description	Each ''HangingOutWithFriends'' is an 'AssociatingWithOtherPeople' in which two or more ''Person''s come together primarily to enjoy each other's company. This may be done in any location, and may be done at the same time as anything else - going to a movie ,bowling, strolling through the park, sitting in a bar or restaurant, watching TV at home - but is characterized by the primary source of pleasure deriving from the presence of the ''Friend''(s) rather than the other actions that may co-occur. Each occurrence should last more than five minutes, enough to be able to relax at least a little. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hang out' in WordNet: 1. hang out - (spend time in a certain location or with certain people; "She hangs out at the corner cafe")`
Super-classes	AssociatingWithOtherPeople^c HumanRelaxingEvent^c CausingaFeeling^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value Pleasure^c isaSubEventOf^op value Companionship^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c

HangingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HangingSomething`
Description	'HangingSomething' is a transitive Action in which an Agent causes an Object to hang (be suspended) from another PhysicalObject, so that it will be supported by that other PhysicalObject in a gravitational field; the hanging may be from a supporting object fixed to a wall, or simply suspened from another object ob=verhead by a wire or string. The purpose of this Action is to suppoprt something, therefore the 'hanging' style of execution is not a subtype, as the purpose of that Action is not merely to support something in place, but to cause damage to a person. `The result of each 'HangingSomething' Event is to cause a 'HangingFromSomething' Event. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hang' an sense 1 of 'suspend' in WordNet: 2. (12) hang, hang up - (cause to be hanging or suspended; "Hang that picture on the wall") WN verb 'suspend': 1. (8) suspend - (hang freely; 'The secret police suspended their victims from the ceiling and beat them')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value HangingFromSomething^c
Sub-classes	Festooning^c HangingUpClothes^c

HangingUpClothes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HangingUpClothes`
Description	'HangingUpClothes' is a transitive Action in which an Agent puts some ''ClothingItem''s to hang (be suspended) from another PhysicalObject, typically by means of a hook or a clothesline or a horizontal rod that can hold ''CoatHanger''s. `"wardrobe" hanging up clothes`
Super-classes	HangingSomething^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value HangingFromSomething^c

Hangout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hangout`
Description	A ''Hangout'' is a Place where some Group of (one or more) people get together regularly, during some interval of time, usually for socializing or relaxation or recreation. `NOTE: this can be a Place where one Person likes to 'hang out', not necessarily with others (though that is probably the most common usage). Thus this is neither parent nor subtype of ''GatheringPlace''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hangout' in WordNet: 1. (1) haunt, hangout, resort, repair, stamping ground - (a frequently visited place)`
Super-classes	Role^c Place^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value FrequentlyVisitingaPlace^c

Hangover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hangover`
Description	A ''Hangover'' is a form of ''Discomfort'' that is a side effect of the ''PhysiologicalCondition'' produced by ingesting too much alcohol, ad starting hours after the excessive ingestion, often the next morning. The quantity that produces a hangover varies among individual people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hangover' in WordNet: 1. (1) hangover, katzenjammer - (disagreeable aftereffects from the use of drugs (especially alcohol))`
Super-classes	Discomfort^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Headache^c isCausedBy^op value SubstanceAbuse^c

HangsFromSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HangsFromSomething

Description

'HangsFromSomething' is an attribute of objects that are hanging from something (suspended from some object above the ground and pointing toward the ground under the influence of gravity) or are typically found hanging from something, or are designed to hang from something when used as intended. This includes natural things like icicles and stalactites, as well as artifacts such as tinsel for a Christmas tree .

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 (the only adjective sense) of
      'hanging' in WordNet:
      1. pendent, pendant, dependent, hanging, hanging down -
         (supported from above; 'a pendant bunch of grapes')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HannukahObservance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HannukahObservance`
Description	A ''HannukahObservance''is any one or more of the various Actions that can be taken during the ''Hanukka'' period to observe the holiday of ''Hannukah'', such as lighting the candle(s) on a ''Menorah' and/or saying the associated prayers, and/or eating food appropriate to that celebration.
Super-classes	ReligiousCeremony^c ReligiousRitual^c

Hanukkah^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hanukkah

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hanukkah' in WordNet:
         1. (1) Hanukkah, Hanukah, Hannukah, Chanukah, Chanukkah, Channukah,
            Channukkah, Festival of Lights, Feast of Lights, Feast of Dedication,
            Feast of the Dedication - ((Judaism) an eight-day Jewish holiday 
            commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC)

Super-classes JewishHoliday^c

Haphazard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Haphazard

Description

''Haphazard'' is an AttributeValue of Procedures that are not carefully planned or ''Systematic''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'haphazard' in Wordnet:
         1. haphazard, hit-or-miss - (dependent upon or characterized by chance; 'a haphazard plan of action';
             'his judgment is rather hit-or-miss')

Super-classes Disorderly^c

HaploidCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HaploidCell`
Description	A specialization of #$EukaryoticCell. Each instance of #$HaploidCell is a cell which has a single chromosome set. For example, gametes such as sperm and ova are haploid cells (see #$Gamete). There also haploid forms of some mature multicellular organisms.
Super-classes	EukaryoticCell^c
Sub-classes	ReproductiveCell^c Gamete^c

Happily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Happily

Description

''Happily'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that the agent was happy to perform the Action (in contrast to 'grudgingly' or 'under protest').

          Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'happily' in Wordnet:
            1. (5) happily, merrily, mirthfully, gayly, blithely, jubilantly,
              with happiness - (in a joyous manner; 'they shouted happily')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Happiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Happiness`
Description	COSMO note: Happiness can be brief, as a reaction to some event, or more long-lasting. It is always pleasant. As of rev907 the shorter-lasting and longer-lasting experiences of 'Happiness' and its subtypes 'Delight', 'Joy' are not represented, and these AttributeValues do not imply any particular duration, except for Joy which must last longer than a few minutes. NOTE also that 'Happiness' is not a DirectedFeeling, and can be caused by internal factors or a general undirected sense of Well-being. The more intense forms 'Delight' and 'Joy' are DirectedFeelings in COSMO, and require that the cause(s) of the emotion be specified. Therefore 'Happiness' is as of rev953 the most intense positive feeling that does not have a specific cause. Cyc: The enjoyment of pleasurable satisfaction that goes with well-being, security, effective accomplishments, or satisfied wishes. As with all #$FeelingTypes, this is a #$Collection - the collection of all possible amounts of happiness one can feel. One instance of #$Happiness is 'extremely happy'; another is 'just a little bit happy'. Note: Obviously there are no real units of measure for this quantity, ways of objectively measuring the amount of happiness possessed or gained or lost, etc., but still this has proven to be a useful way for Cyc to represent and reason with emotions. E.g., one can have a rule that says that most people have a greater 'amount' of happiness at their wedding than at their high school graduation, etc. There are functions, such as #$LowAmountFn, which take a #$PrimitiveScalarIntervalType (such as the instances of #$FeelingType) such as #$Happiness and return as their value a certain-sized amount of that feeling; e.g., (#$LowAmountFn #$Happiness) is an expression whose value is a positive but small amount of happiness, and that in turn will be an instance of #$Happiness (and also will be an instance of #$FeelingAttribute). #$FeelingTypes organize into a lattice; e.g., there are several more specialized forms of #$Happiness that are present in Cyc's ontology, such as #$Elation, #$Delight, #$Triumph-TheFeeling, etc. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'happiness' in WordNet. The Wordnet distinction between the emotion and state of 'happiness' does not apply in COSMO since emotions are themselves represented as states. in Wordnet: 1. (4) happiness, felicity - (state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy) 2. (2) happiness - (emotions experienced when in a state of well-being)
Super-classes	PleasantThing^c Feeling^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	Delight^c Joy^c Cheerfulness^c

Happy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Happy`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Happiness. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'happy' and part of sense 1 of 'glad' (pertaining to people, not events or facial expressions) in WordNet: WN 'happy': 1. (37) happy - (enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure or good fortune; 'a happy smile'; 'spent many happy days on the beach'; 'a happy marriage') WN 'GLAD' 1. (11) glad - (showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy; 'glad you are here'; 'glad that they succeeded'; 'gave a glad shout'; 'a glad smile'; 'heard the glad news'; 'a glad occasion')
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Festive^c Blissful^c Glad^c Proud^c Merry^c Cheerful^c Delighted^c Ecstatic^c

Hara-kiri^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hara-kiri

Description

A ''Hara-kiri'' is a type of ''Suicide'', formerly practiced in Japan as a way of preserving honor under certain circumstances, in which the person cuts open the bowels with a knife or short sword.

       Hara-kiri in Japanese translates as 'stomach cutting' and is
         sometimes pronounced as 'harry carry' in the USA.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hara-kiri' in WordNet:
           1. harakiri, hara-kiri, harikari, suppuku - 
              (ritual suicide by self-disembowelment on a sword; 
              practiced by samurai in the traditional Japanese society)

Super-classes Ritual^c
Suicide^c

Harassment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harassment`
Description	CYC: A collection of events with multiple participants. In each #$Harassment, one or more participants repeatedly trouble, annoy, threaten or attack a victim or victims. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'harassment' in WordNet: 2. harassment, molestation - (the act of tormenting by continued persistent attacks and criticism) WN verb 'harass': 1. harass, hassle, harry, chivy, chivvy, chevy, chevvy, beset, plague, molest, provoke - (annoy continually or chronically; 'He is known to harry his staff when he is overworked'; 'This man harasses his female co-workers')`
Super-classes	HostileSocialAction^c AnnoyingEvent^c MistreatingaPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repeated^c
Sub-classes	Hazing^c Tormenting^c

Harbinger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harbinger`
Description	A ''Harbinger'' is an ''Indication'' (usually an Event) that indicates that some other Event will occur soon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harbinger' in WordNet: 1. harbinger, forerunner, herald, precursor - (an indication of the approach of something or someone)`
Super-classes	Evidence^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Heralding^c

Harbor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harbor`
Description	A ''Harbor'' is any part of a BodyOfWater where the coastline is indented sufficiently to provide shelter for a ship in a storm. This can be on a lake or Sea or ocean. It does not have to have any facilities. See subtype ''Seaport'' for the complete Sea + land combination. CYC: A specialization of #$BodyOfWater. Each instance of #$Harbor is a body of water which is protected from the open sea and deep enough to furnish fairly safe anchorage for ships. Instances of #$Harbor include #$PearlHarbor and #$AdenHarbor-Yemen. RHW: a part of a body of water along the shore deep enough for anchoring a ship and so situated with respect to coastal features, whether natural or artificial, as to provide protection from winds, waves, and currents. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'harbor' (port is a different type) in WordNet: 1. (8) seaport, haven, harbor, harbour - (a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo)
Super-classes	OutdoorGeographicalObject^c BodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Shoreline^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Protective^c

Hard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hard`
Description	A quality of substances or objects made of those substances, such that objects having this attribute resist being bent and are difficult to cut with a knife. Hardness has degrees; to have this attribute a substance or object should be at least as hard as wood. This can be attributed to granular solids as well as single self-connected objects or rigid objects. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'hard' in WordNet: 3. (15) hard - (resisting weight or pressure)`
Super-classes	Firm^c
Sub-classes	Abrasive^c Hardened^c

Hard-Line^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hard-Line

Description

'Hard-Line'' is an even more intensive degree of being ''Uncompromising''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hard-line' in Wordnet:
          1. hard-line, hardline - (firm and uncompromising; 'a hard-line policy')

Super-classes Uncompromising^c

Hard-Pressed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hard-Pressed

Description

''Hard-Pressed' is the attribute of someone who is ''Troubled'' by seemingly insoluble financial problems.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hard-pressed' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) distressed, hard-pressed, hard put, in a bad way -
         (facing or experiencing financial trouble or difficulty; 
         'distressed companies need loans and technical advice'; 
         'financially hard-pressed Mexican hotels are lowering their prices';
         'we were hard put to meet the mortgage paymentng'; 'it was apparent 
         that the magazine was in trouble'; 'found themselves in a bad way financially')

Super-classes FeelingAttribute^c

Hard-Working^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hard-Working

Description

''Hard-Working' is the attribute of someone who works conscientiously and does not take unnecessary breaks or time off.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hard-working' in Wordnet:
     1. (1) hardworking, industrious, tireless, untiring - 
         (characterized by hard work and perseverance)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Hard-core^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hard-core`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'hard-core' in Wordnet: 3. hard-core, hardcore - (extremely explicit; 'hard-core pornography')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

HardBoiledEgg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardBoiledEgg`
Description	A ''HardBoiledEgg'' is a ''HensEgg'' that has been heated inboiling water at least three minutes to make the whites and yolk solidify. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hard-boiled egg' in WordNet: 1. hard-boiled egg, hard-cooked egg - (an egg boiled gently until both the white and the yolk solidify)`
Super-classes	HensEgg^c
Sub-classes	EasterEgg^c

HardCandy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardCandy`
Description	Candy made mostly of cane sugar ''Sucrose'', with flavoring ingredients, sold free as small marble-sized pieces, or mounted on a stick such as in a ''Lollipop''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hard candy' in WordNet: 1. hard candy - (candy that is brittle; "you can break a tooth on that hard candy")`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c Candy^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Sucrose^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c

HardCandyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardCandyObject`
Description	A ''CandyObject'' made mostly of ''HardCandy'', possibly with some atached object such as a lollipoop stick.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hard candy' in WordNet: 1. hard candy - (candy that is brittle; 'you can break a tooth on that hard candy')`
Super-classes	CandyObject^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value HardCandy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SweetTasting^c
Sub-classes	LollipopPop^c

HardCover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardCover`
Description	A ''HardCover'' is a ''BookCover'' that is relatively ''Hard'', in which the front cover and back cover are not flexible, as are the covers of a 'soft cover' or paperback book.
Super-classes	BookCover^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value HardboundBook^c

HardHearted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardHearted

Description

A more intense indifference to others than ''ColdHearted'; so lacking in Sympathy as to be at the orderlie of actual cruelty.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'hard-hearted' in Wordnet:
           1. hardhearted, heartless - (lacking in feeling or pity or warmth)
           2. hardhearted, stonyhearted, unfeeling - (devoid of feeling for others; 
               'an unfeeling wretch')

Super-classes ColdHearted^c

HardLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardLine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hard line' in WordNet: 1. hard line - (a firm and uncompromising stance or position; 'the governor took a hard line on drugs')`
Super-classes	Stance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uncompromising^c hasTopic^op value Policy^c isPerformedBy^op value HardLiner^c

HardLiner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardLiner`
Description	A ''Hard-Liner'' is a is a ''Conservative'' who will not compromise in political dealings. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardliner' in WordNet: 1. hardliner - (a conservative who is uncompromising)`
Super-classes	ConservativePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard-Line^c performsAction^op value HardLine^c

HardObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardObject`
Description	An Object that is Hard.
Super-classes	RigidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c
Sub-classes	Blade^c BrittleObject^c SharpObject^c Razor^c

HardPavement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardPavement`
Description	A ''HardPavement' is a ''PavedSurface'' that is made of materials that harden after applying, such as Concrete or ''PavingAsphalt''. This is distinguished from gravel-lke ''Pavement''s.
Super-classes	Footpath^c PavedSurface^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c

HardToFind^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardToFind

Description

'HardToFind' is an attribute of some PhysicalObject that cannot easily be found with a simple search; this means that the numbers of such objects are fewer than for other subtypes of some reference type. The number of things that can exist and still be 'HardToFind' varies with the location and type of thing. 'rare coins' are in this category, but many instances of coins called 'rare' may be found at a local coin store; one just cannot find them in one's pocket change. A 'rare bird' may be common in some specific locality.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'rare' in WordNet:
      3. (2) rare - (not widely distributed; 'rare herbs'; 
                  'rare patches of green in the desert')

Super-classes Unusual^c

HardToResist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardToResist`
Description	''Overwhelming'' is a subtype of ''Strong'' applied to temptations or impulses or Feelings or motives.
Super-classes	Strong^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c

HardWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardWork`
Description	''HardWork'' is an action of a Person 'ExertingEffort' to perform some task that is not easy and requires ''PayingAttention''. needs can be either physical or mental effort, or both. in WordNet: 2. (176) effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat - (use of physical or mental energy; hard work; 'he got an A for effort'; 'they managed only with great exertion') WN verb 'exert': 3. (1) exert - (make a great effort at a mental or physical task; 'exert oneself')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PayingAttention^c ExertingEffort^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vigorous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intensive^c
Sub-classes	Concentrating^c

Hardbound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardbound

Description

A ''Hardbound'' is the attribute of a book with a hard binding - i.e. a ''HardboundBook''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hardbound' in Wordnet:
         1. hardbacked, hardback, hardbound, hardcover -
             (having a hard back or cover; "hardback books")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HardboundBook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardboundBook`
Description	A ''HardboundBook'' is a Book-Physical'' with a hard binding - contrasted with 'paperback' book. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardcover' in WordNet: 1. hardback, hardcover - (a book with cardboard or cloth or leather covers)`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value HardCover^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hardbound^c

HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardcopyInformationBearingObject`
Description	A SolidObject that contains some kind of symbolic information, usually linguistic but often using icons or diagrams or other symbols. NOTe that, as an unusual instance, some markings on a surface in themselves, even without the solid surface backing, can be an instance, as can some arrangement of blocks of letters that spell out some meaningful thing. Thus the chalk of some writing on a ''Blackboard'' could be an instance, as can the blackboard with the writing on it. Cyc: The collection-intersection (and thus a common specialization) of #$Artifact, #$StillImageSource and #$HumanAccessibleIBO (qq.v.). Each instance of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject is an human-created #$InformationBearingObject (IBO) in a hard format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose #$CommunicationConvention must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of #$StillImageSource, whose information content must be accessed visually)
Super-classes	StillImageSource^c SolidObject^c SymbolicObject^c HexalateralObject^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Communication^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some (InformationObject^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Tag^c Card^c PhysicalLabel^c Token-Physical^c CallingCard^c GreetingCard^c Hand-RenderedImage^c VisualAid^c TextualMaterial^c StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm^c OriginalScript^c PrintedMaterial^c GraveMarker^c StillImage^c Paper-IBO^c Picture^c

Hardcore^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardcore

Description

''Hardcore'' is a subattribute of ''Pornographic'' for ''Erotica'' that explicitly and prominently display human genitals and human sexual activity such as intercourse.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'hardcore' in Wordnet:
           2. hard-core, hardcore - (extremely explicit; 'hard-core pornography')

Super-classes Pornographic^c

HardcorePornography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardcorePornography`
Description	''HardcorePornography'' is a form of ''Erotica'' that very explicitly describes or illustrates human sexual activity.
Super-classes	Erotica^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard-core^c

Hardened^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardened

Description

''Hardened'' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject (including quantities of liquid or semi-liquid substances) that has become ''Hard'' by a process of ''Hardening''. The process of ''Hardening'' can be accomplished in any manner, as by polymerization, drying, or heat treatment.

    This is *not* for people who have been 'hardened' or military 'hardened' sites.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hardened' in Wordnet:
          2. tempered, treated, hardened, toughened - (made hard or flexible 
            or resilient especially by heat treatment; 'a sword of tempered steel';
            'tempered glass')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Cold^c
Hard^c

Hardening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardening`
Description	Any Event in which a quantity of substance in a liquid or semiliquid form become hard; this is the intransitive sense. This is not a freezing, which is a 'StateChange' and is reversible, but represents hardening due to causes other than simple cooling - the gelling of a polymeric solution, bread becoming stale, glue, cement, or concrete hardening, etc. The hardening may or may not be reversible. `For the change from a liquid or semiliquid or gaseous state to a solid, use ''Solidification'' Corresponds to intranstive verb sense 1 of 'harden' in WordNet: 1. (4) harden, indurate - (become hard or harder; 'The wax hardened')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Softening^c subjectBecomes^op value Hard^c
Sub-classes	Solidification^c

Hardness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardness

Description

'Hardness'' is a measurable property of Solid Objects.
It is a quantitative measure, and the standard unit is a number on Moh's scale. @ToDo: add the unit of measure and add the number for ''DiamondSubstance''' @ToDo: need 'HardnessMeasureMohs'.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardness' in WordNet:
    1. (1) hardness - (the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure;
          not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale)

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

HardnessMeasureMohs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardnessMeasureMohs`
Description	The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the ''Hardness'' of a SolidSubstance,using the 'Mohs' relative scale of 1 to 10. Note that other scales can measure absolute hardness ranging from 1 to 1500. @mod47 Measured on the 'Moh's scale' where Diamond is 10. @ToDo1447: These units still need to be added. SWEET? Can't find.
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c

Hardship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardship`
Description	A DifficultSituation that specifically involves a person or persons either having insufficient money or income to live at even a modestly comfortable level, or having health problems that significantly degrade the quality of life.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardship' in WordNet: 1. adversity, hardship, hard knocks - (a state of misfortune or affliction; 'debt-ridden farmers struggling with adversity'; 'a life of hardship')`
Super-classes	Misfortune^c
Sub-classes	IllBeing^c

Hardware^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardware`
Description	''Hardware'' is the collective term for all ''HardwareTool''s. This is for tools only. Cooking implements (pots and pans) are not included, though they are also refered to as 'ironware'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hardware' in WordNet: 2. hardware, ironware - (instrumentalities (tools or implements) made of metal)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only HardwareTool^c

HardwareTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HardwareTool`
Description	COSMO NOTE: For the common collective use of 'hardware' use ''Hardware''. @mod47 CYC: #$HardwareTool is a specialization of #$Tool. Each instance of #$HardwareTool is an object used to perform a task, usually by applying a particular kind of force to another object. The tool is used to produce a physical effect in the position, structure, or arrangement of the other object. Specializations of #$HardwareTool include #$Hammer, #$Screwdriver, and #$HandSaw. Borderline nonexamples include eating utensils, robot servants, screws, nails, and levers. `Usually made of iron or steel alloy. Any other? Brass or bronze? If so, restriction could to be broadened to include MetalType and allow specifics.`
Super-classes	Tool^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c isaComponentElementOf^op value Hardware^c
Sub-classes	Crowbar^c Wrench^c ShapingDie^c PickAxe^c Shovel^c ShapingTool^c Saw^c File-Tool^c CarpentryTool^c

Hardwood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardwood`
Description	CYC: includes wood from many deciduous broadleaved temperate trees, including oak, ash, maple, etc. These trees have wood that is much harder that that of most conifers (pine, etc.) and is used for building furniture, finishing floors... `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardwood' in WordNet: 1. hardwood - (the wood of broad-leaved dicotyledonous trees (as distinguished from the wood of conifers))`
Super-classes	Wood^c
Sub-classes	Ebony^c Oak^c Mahogany^c

Hardy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hardy

Description

''Hardy'' is a term used commonly of ''Plant''s that can survive in spite of drought, high heat, or frost. It is also used of animals that can survve a long time without food, such as camels.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'hardy' in Wordnet:
           3. hardy - (able to survive under unfavorable conditions; 
             'strawberries are hardy and easy to grow'; 'camels are tough and hardy creatures')

Super-classes Strong^c

Harmed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harmed`
Description	''Harmed'' is the attribute of an Organism that has suffered some form of ''Harm'', expecially damage to the body. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'harmed' in Wordnet: 1. harmed - (having had pain or loss or suffering inflicted)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Injured^c Killed^c

Harmful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harmful`
Description	An AttributeValue of Events or Objects that have caused or are likely to cause Damage to objects, or to impede an agent's ability to achieve its goals. This is not merely a potential harm, which is expressed by 'Dangerous', but an object or situation of a type that is known to have caused harm. 'Harmful' represents a more emphatic degree of unhelpfulness than merely 'unhelpful'. This can be expressed by the phrase 'not merely unhelpful, downright harmful'. This is the general sense including senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'harmful', but more specific sense re represented as subtypes of this attribute; in WordNet: 2. (1) harmful - (able or likely to do harm) 3. harmful - (causing or capable of causing harm; 'too much sun is harmful to the skin'; 'harmful effects of smoking') 6. evil, harmful, injurious - (tending to cause great harm)
Super-classes	Salient^c Detrimental^c Unhelpful^c
Sub-classes	Abusive^c Saddening^c Venomous^c Debilitating^c Inauspicious^c Poisonous^c InsidiouslyHarmful^c Pernicious^c Injurious^c Damaging^c Incitive^c Disastrous^c

HarmfulAccident^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarmfulAccident`
Description	A ''HarmfulAccident'' is an Accident that causes an InjuryCondition.
Super-classes	Accident^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Injury-Object^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Harmful^c causes^op value InjuryCondition^c

HarmfulAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarmfulAction`
Description	Any Action performed by an agent that is typically ''Harmful' to that agent. Example: falling into a trap or making a bad investment. This is not for Actions by one agent that harm another agent; for that, use ''PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent''.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Harmful^c

HarmfulChemicalSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarmfulChemicalSubstance`
Description	A specialization of #$BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance (q.v.). Each instance of #$HarmfulChemicalSubstance is a sample of some #$ChemicalSubstanceType or mixture thereof that can kill or incapacitate.
Super-classes	BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance^c PotentialChemicalThreat-BBNEntityType^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Harmful^c

HarmingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarmingAnAgent`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes financial damage and damage to one's reputation as well as physical or psychological (differetiated by subtypes); this is broad: the 'agent' harmed must be an Animal, and usually is a ''Person''; and the 'agent' doing the harm can be inanimate or an accident or 'act of God', not just a CognitiveAgent. Cyc: A specialization of #$ActionOnObject. Each instance of #$HarmingAnAgent is an event in which some agent is harmed, either physically or psychologically. Note that #$HarmingAnAgent is not a specialization of #$PurposefulAction, since it includes as instances some events in which an agent is harmed, but not intentionally harmed. Neither is it a specialization of #$IncurringDamage, because that does not cover psychological injury. Although #$HarmingAnAgent is not a specialization of #$PurposefulAction, important specializations of #$HarmingAnAgent (such as #$Murder and #$Torture) are also specializations of #$PurposefulAction. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'hurt' and verb sense 1 of 'harm' and sense 3 of 'injure', and includes 'misfortune' (interpreting WN sense 1 as the 'unfortunate event' causing a ''DifficultSituation'') in WordNet: 4. (4) hurt, injure - (cause damage or affect negatively; 'Our business was hurt by the new competition') WN 'harm': 1. (4) harm - (cause or do harm to; 'These pills won't harm your system') WN noun 'misfortune': 1. (4) misfortune, bad luck - (unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event)
Super-classes	IncurringDamage^c CausingaNegativeSituation^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheReverseEffectOf^op value Benefiting^c causes^op value DifficultSituation^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Harmed^c hadAgentHarmed^op some (GroupOfVictims^c or Animal^c or GenericVictim^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	TragicEvent^c Disaster^c VictimizingAnAgent^c Ruination^c CruelAct^c Accusing^c FleaBiting^c PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c AbusingAnAnimal^c Fraud^c Revenge^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheNewOrleansFloodOf2005

Harmless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harmless`
Description	An AttributeValue of Events or Objects that do not have significant ability to cause Damage to objects - this attribute may depend on some specific context. `@ToDo: add more specific 'nontoxic'? Senses 2 and 3 could be subtypes of this type. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'harmless' in WordNet: 1. (1) harmless - (not causing or capable of causing harm; 'harmless bacteria'; "rendered the bomb harmless") 2. innocuous, harmless - (not injurious to physical or mental health) 3. harmless - (not producing any toxic effects)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	RiskFree^c Benign^c

Harmonic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harmonic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'harmonic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) harmonic - (of or relating to harmony as distinct from melody and rhythm; 'subtleties of harmonic change and tonality'- Ralph Hill)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

HarmonicTone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarmonicTone`
Description	A ''HarmonicTone'' is a ''PureTone'' whose ''Pitch'' is one of a series, each of which is twice the frequency of the next lower ''Harmonic'' `NOTE: in WordNet, this synset represents the perceived ''Sensation'', but here this represents the physical phenomenon of sound waves. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'harmonic' in WordNet: 2. harmonic - (any of a series of musical tones whose frequencies are integral multiples of the frequency of a fundamental)`
Super-classes	PureTone^c
Sub-classes	OverTone^c

Harmonica^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harmonica

Description

CYC: The collection of all harmonicas, a small wind instrument. In a harmonica, tones are produced by inhaling and exhaling through a series of free reeds that sit behind a row of air holes.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harmonica' in WordNet:
          1. harmonica, mouth organ, harp, mouth harp - (a small rectangular
             free-reed instrument having a row of free reeds set back 
             in air holes and played by blowing into the desired hole)

Super-classes MultiReedWoodwindInstrument^c

Harmonious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harmonious

Description

This sense of ''Harmonious'' characterizes Groups of things (of any kind, Events, attributes, or objects) that appear to be an observer to be appropriate to be together, and do not produce any negative feelings by being together.

       Includes adjective senses 3 1nd 4 of 'harmonious' in WordNet:
         3. appropriate, harmonious - (suitable and fitting; 'the tailored clothes were harmonious 
            with her military bearing')
         4. harmonious - (existing together in harmony; 'harmonious family relationships')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Harness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harness`
Description	A ''WearableItem'' that fits on the torso of a large quadruped such as a Horse, Camel, or Ox, that facilitates connection to and use of other items, such as a ''Saddle'' animal-drawn cart or chariot, or some animal-powered device, such as a water wheel or plow. `This is the parent for harnesses that are used on animals and on people - see the subtypes ''Harness-Animal'' and ''Harness-Human'' CYC: The collection of wearable lattice-shaped contraptions that are used to secure some object to the body of an #$Animal.`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Connector^c HexalateralObject^c WearableItem^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	Harness-Human^c Harness-Animal^c

Harness-Animal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harness-Animal`
Description	gear worn by horses and other beasts of burden while pulling plows, wagons, sleds, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'harness' in Wordnet: 2. (1) harness - (stable gear consisting of an arrangement of leather straps fitted to a draft animal so that it can be attached to and pull a cart)`
Super-classes	StableGear^c Harness^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Quadruped^c isSupportedBy^op value Quadruped^c

Harness-Human^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harness-Human`
Description	CYC: The collection of wearable lattice-shaped contraptions that are used to secure some object to the body of a #$Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harness' in Wordnet: 1. (2) harness - (a support consisting of an arrangement of straps for holding something to the body (especially one supporting a person suspended from a parachute))`
Super-classes	Harness^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Person^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Person^c

Harp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harp`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harp' in Wordnet: 1. (1) harp - (a chordophone that has a triangular frame consisting of a sounding board and a pillar and a curved neck; the strings stretched between the neck and the soundbox are plucked with the fingers)`
Super-classes	StringInstrument^c
Restrictions	hasMannerOfUse^op value PluckingaString^c isPlayedByAction^op value PluckingaString^c hasShape^op value Triangular^c

Harpsichord^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harpsichord

Description

CYC: Instances are instances of #$MusicalInstrument-Acoustic and #$Keyboard-MusicalInstrument. All instances share the characteristic feature that depressing a key will entrain a mechanical process that results in the plucking of a taut string, causing a vibration which is audible as a musical tone. Thus, instances are also considered instances of #$StringInstrument. The process is similar to that used in instances of #$Piano-Acoustic, with the signal difference that in instances of #$Piano-Acoustic the string is hammered, not plucked.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harpsicord' in WordNet:
           1. harpsichord, cembalo - (a clavier 
              with strings that are plucked by plectra mounted on pivots)

Super-classes ManufacturedGoods^c
Clavier^c

Harrow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harrow

Description

A horse-drawn tool for cultivating and smoothing the soil.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harrow' in WordNet:
        1. harrow - (a cultivator that pulverizes or smooths the soil)

Super-classes Cultivator^c

Harsh^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harsh

Description

''Harsh'' is an AttributeValue of some Event caused by a ''Person'', or of that Person causing the event, which is experienced with more than a little displeasure by another agent, and if often considered to be unnecessarily unpleasant. This includes communications such as opinions as well as actual punishments (such as in criminal cases).

        NOTE: The attribute characterizing a Person and that characterizing an Event
           should be disentangled.  @ToDo.

      This is the most general meaning and includes adjective  senses 1 of 'harsh' in WordNet:
          1. (3) harsh, rough - (unpleasantly stern; 'wild and harsh country 
                  full of hot sand and cactus'; 'the nomad life is rough and hazardous')
      4. harsh, rough - (unkind or cruel or uncivil; 'had harsh words'; 
          'a harsh and unlovable old tyrant'; ' a rough answer')
      5. harsh - (severe; 'a harsh penalty')
          6. harsh, abrasive - (sharply disagreeable; rigorous; 'the harsh facts of court delays';
             'an abrasive character')

Super-classes Severe^c
Unpleasant^c

HarshBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarshBehavior`
Description	''HarshBehavior'' is a form of ''BehaviorTowardOthers'' that is ''Harsh'' and causes the 'other' affected by the behavior to feel uncomfortable or sad or insulted, while a less ''Harsh'' manner would conduce to the same intended result. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'harshness' in WordNet: 4. severity, severeness, harshness, rigor, rigour, rigorousness, rigourousness, inclemency, hardness, stiffness - (excessive sternness; 'severity of character'; 'the harshness of his punishment was inhuman'; 'the rigors of boot camp')`
Super-classes	BehaviorTowardOthers^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c or GroupType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Harsh^c isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Harsh^c

HarshToTheSenses^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarshToTheSenses

Description

''HarshToTheSenses'' is an AttributeValue of any perceivable thing that causes discomfort to the one perceiving it.

      Corresponds to adjective  sense 2 of 'harsh' in WordNet:
      2. (2) harsh - (disagreeable to the senses; 'the harsh cry of a blue jay'; 
              'harsh cognac'; 'the harsh white light makes you screw up your eyes';
              'harsh irritating smoke filled the hallway')

Super-classes Unpleasant^c

Harshly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Harshly

Description

''Harshly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action characterized was performed in a 'Harsh'' manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'harshly' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) harshly - (in a harsh or unkind manner; '`That's enough!,' he cut in harshly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Hash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hash`
Description	A dish consisting mostly of Meat and potatoes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hash' in Wordnet: 1. hash - (chopped meat mixed with potatoes and browned)`
Super-classes	MeatMixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Potato-Foodstuff^c

Hashish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hashish`
Description	The psychoactive resin found in seeds, flowers, leaves, and stems of female #$HempPlants. #$Hashish is an #$IllegalDrug in the #$NaiveUSLawCOC microtheory. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hashish' in WordNet: 1. hashish, hasheesh, haschisch, hash - (purified resinous extract of the hemp plant; used as a hallucinogen)`
Super-classes	Resin^c IllegalDrug^c PsychoactiveAgent^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value HempPlant^c

Hashtag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hashtag`
Description	A ''Hashtag''is a 'PunctuationMark' typographic character '#', used in various ways, most recently prominent as a prefix to words to form categories on social media, or in URL references. Classically used to introduce a number or represent a number. Also used as one of the keys on a touch-tone telephone keypad, and with varying meanings in programing languages. `A character that is not numeric or alphabetic - a 'special character'? No entry inWordnet. RHW 'hash mark': 1. b. the symbol #.`
Super-classes	PunctuationMark^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Number^c

Hasp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hasp`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hasp' in WordNet: 1. (1) hasp - (a fastener for a door or lid; a hinged metal strap fits over a staple and is locked with a pin or padlock)`
Super-classes	PortalCatch^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Padlock^c

Hassock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hassock`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hassock' in Wordnet: 1. ottoman, pouf, pouffe, puff, hassock - (thick cushion used as a seat)`
Super-classes	Person-SupportingFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c Cushion^c SeatingDevice^c PortableObject^c

Haste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Haste`
Description	''Haste' is an intensive form of ''Swiftness'' (an ''AttributeType'' and ''PersisentState'') for processes that may proceed slowly or more quickly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'haste' in WordNet: 1. (12) haste, hastiness, hurry, hurriedness, precipitation - (overly eager speed (and possible carelessness); 'he soon regretted his haste')`
Super-classes	Swiftness^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Hasty^c

Hastily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hastily

Description

''Hastily'' is an Adverb of manner that specifies that the action characterized was performed in a ''Hasty''manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'hastily' in WordNet:
         1. (8) hurriedly, hastily, in haste -
             (in a hurried or hasty manner; 'the way they buried him
             so hurriedly was disgraceful'; 'hastily, he scanned the headlines';
             'sold in haste and at a sacrifice')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Hasty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hasty

Description

The EventAttributeValue 'Hasty' characterizes Actions that were carried out by a person without careful consideration of the consequences, usually shortly after first considering the Action.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'hasty' in WordNet:
    2. hasty, overhasty, precipitate, precipitant, precipitous -
      (done with very great haste and without due deliberation;
      'hasty marriage seldom proveth well'- Shakespeare;
      'hasty makeshifts take the place of planning'- Arthur Geddes;
      'rejected what was regarded as an overhasty plan for reconversion';
      'wondered whether they had been rather precipitate in deposing the king')

Super-classes EventAttributeValue^c

Hat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hat`
Description	$Hat is a specialization of #$ClothingAccessory. `Each instance of #$Hat is either a hat or other headgear or hatlike object. Specializations of #$Hat include #$Helmet, #$SwimmingCap, and #$Sombrero. SUMO: A type of Clothing that is worn on the Head. Note that this class covers caps, bonnets, berets, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hat' in WordNet: 1. (30) hat, chapeau, lid - (headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim)`
Super-classes	HeadWear^c OutdoorClothing^c
Sub-classes	Helmet^c Bonnet^c Stetson^c Cap^c CowboyHat^c Fedora^c Sombrero^c

HatBand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HatBand`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hatband' in WordNet: 1. hatband - (a band around the crown of a hat just above the brim)`
Super-classes	SomethingToWearPart^c BandShapedObject^c

HatCrown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HatCrown`
Description	A ''HatCrown'' is the highest part (a ''Vertex'') of a ''Hat'', located at the centervof the Hat. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'crown' in WordNet: 5. (1) crown - (the part of a hat (the vertex) that covers the crown of the head)`
Super-classes	Vertex^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Hat^c isDesignedToCover^op value Pate^c isTheTopPartOf^op value Hat^c
Sub-classes	HighCrown^c

Hatch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hatch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hatch' in Wordnet: 3. hatch - (a movable barrier covering a hatchway)`
Super-classes	PortalCovering^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Hatchway^c

Hatchback^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hatchback`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hatchback' in WordNet: 1. hatchback - (a car having a hatchback door)`
Super-classes	Automobile^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor^c

Hatchet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hatchet`
Description	A hand tool used for cutting, comprised of a short handle and a wedge-shaped head with one sharp edge. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hatchet' in Wordnet: 2. hatchet - (a small ax with a short handle used with one hand (usually to chop wood))`
Super-classes	Axe^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Blade^c

Hatching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hatching`
Description	The Action in which an Embryo emerges from an egg to begin life as a free-living animal. This is the action from the point of view of the embryo finishing development and starting free life. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hatch' in WordNet: 1. (2) hatch - (emerge from the eggs; 'young birds, fish, and reptiles hatch') WN Nouns 'hatch' and 'hatching' seem to refer to what people do to WN cause production of young animals from eggs 1. hatch, hatching - (the production of young from an egg)`
Super-classes	BirthEvent^c Emerging^c
Restrictions	hadNewborn^op some Animal^c hadMother^op some FemaleAnimal^c

Hatchway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hatchway`
Description	An 'Entrance' in a horizontal surface, permitting access to a lower compartment from a higher level. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hatchway' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hatchway, opening, scuttle - (an entrance equipped with a hatch; especially a passageway between decks of a ship)`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c Entrance^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value HorizontalSurface^c

Hateful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hateful

Description

''Hateful'' characterizes something so bad that perceiving it can cause feelings of ''Hate''

        hateful

Super-classes Execrable^c

HatingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HatingEvent`
Description	A PersistentState in which one person has hatred of another person, or has a tendency to strongly dislike some experience. The object can be a person, inanimate object, or type of Event. repugnance. This has elements of a drected Feeling, but here is represented as a more general ''persistentState''. The 'Feeling'' is represented as ''"Hatred'. NOTE: This Action type is only subtly different from the Feeling of Hatred: ''HatingEvent'' is a Persistent state in which a Person has a strong dislike for something, but that disllke does not usually cause any changes to behavior until the hated thing is encountered or otherwise brought to the attention, at which point a Feeling of ''Hatred'' can arise. To 'hate' something is to experience Hatred when the hated thing is encountered.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hate' in WordNet: 1. (50) hate, detest - (dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards; 'I hate Mexican food'; 'She detests politicians')
Super-classes	Action^c PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	Abhorring^c Despising^c

Hatred^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hatred`
Description	Called 'hate' in Cyc. This is specifically hatred toward people - for a strong dislike of objects or actions, use 'Dislike'. `Cyc: An intense feeling of hostility and aversion, usually deriving from fear, anger, or a sense of injury, and usually coupled with enmity and malice. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hate' and sense 1 of 'hatred' in WordNet: 1. (9) hate, hatred - (the emotion of hate; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action)`
Super-classes	Hostility^c Dislike^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some Person^c hasContrastingFeeling^op value Love^c
Sub-classes	Abhorrence^c Spite^c

HaulingTrash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HaulingTrash`
Description	Each ''HaulingTrash'' is a ''TakingSomethingAway'' Event in which the thing transported is some quantity of ''Trash''. NOTE That an instance of this type may or may not also be a ''TakingSomething'' depending on whether the agent doing the taking intends to keep the thing taken. Includes parts of verb senses 1, 2, and 4 (the physical carrying) of 'take away' in Wordnet: 1. (5) take away, bear off, bear away, carry away, carry off - (remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state; 'Their dreams carried the Romantics away into distant lands'; 'The car carried us off to the meeting'; 'I'll take you away on a holiday'; 'I got carried away when I saw the dead man and I started to cry') 3. (4) take away, take out - (take out or remove; 'take out the chicken after adding the vegetables') 4. (2) take away - (take from a person or place; 'We took the abused child away from its parents')
Super-classes	TakingSomethingAway^c Shipping^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Trash^c

Haunting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Haunting

Description

''Haunting'' is a ''Recurring'' (a qualitative attribute) of memories or experiences that have made a sufficiently deep impression that they are evoked or come back more often than the average memory.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'haunting' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) haunting, persistent - (continually recurring to the mind;
             'haunting memories'; 'the cathedral organ and the distant voices 
             have a haunting beauty' - Claudia Cassidy)

Super-classes Recurring^c

HauteCuisine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HauteCuisine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'haute cuisine' in WordNet: 1. haute cuisine - ((French) an elaborate and skillful manner of preparing food)`
Super-classes	Cuisine^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elaborate^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Skillful^c

Having^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Having`
Description	Each ''CompositionAttributeValue'' is an AttributeValue describing the type of substance that an Object or Substance is partly or mostly composed of. e.g. ''Wooden''; ''Waxy''; ''Horny''.
Super-classes	CompositionAttributeValue^c

HavingAnAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingAnAgreement`
Description	Each ''HavingAnAgreement'' is a PersistentState created by the act of ''MakinganAgreement''. The *subject or agent of this kind of assertion will normally be a GroupOfPeople, or a group of agents. `WN 'have' in WordNet: 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard')`
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some MakingAnAgreement^c hasSubjectOfState^op some GroupOfIntentionalAgents^c hasObjectOfState^op some Agreement^c
Sub-classes	BeingEngaged^c

HavingAnAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingAnAttribute`
Description	Each ''HavingAnAttribute'' is a 'Quality'' that is a ''PersistentState'' in which the subject 'has' some attribute. This can overlap with Type whose labels start with ''Being'' when the object of an 'is' assertion is an AttributeValue: be Nice = have Niceness and so forth. The main labels for these concepts will often be simply the nominalized form of the AttributeValue label, *COSMO note: this type and its subtypes are used to represent the nominalized terms that refer to many QualiativeAttributeValues. An alternative could be to simply create a relation between the lexical terms of attribute (an adjective) and its nominalized form (a noun string). The question is whether, in trying to precisely represent meanings, the adjective and associated noun always have the same conceptual relation, so as to be able to precisely predict the meaning of the noun from the adjective. One problem is that in some cases the nominalized form of an adjective (as 'preciseness' is conceptually synonymous with another term (as 'precision') The answer is not clear, and this branch of types is created to allow, where appropriate, some nuances and distinctions to be made between an adjective (when it is Logically a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'') and its nominalized form. Here the nominalized form is represented by a PersistentState, i.e. being adj* over some interval of time. Some nominalized attributes ('preciseness', precision') can refer to measurable quantities with instances having a quantity and a unit of measure. For those conceptally different cases (subtypes of ''QuantitativeAttributeValue'', different terms need to be used.
Super-classes	Quality^c HavingSomething^c Action^c IntransitiveEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op some AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	BeingIncluded^c Impudence^c Equality^c Authenticity^c BeingOneUp^c BeingWet^c Nakedness^c Simplicity^c Superiority^c Similarity^c HavingaTendency^c InjuryCondition^c Permanence^c Prevailing^c Agitation^c Competitiveness^c BeingPolarized^c Continuity^c Relatedness^c Mastery^c Skillfulness^c RequiringSomething^c Availability^c Captivity^c Clearcutness^c Rudeness^c Liveliness^c Freedom^c Inequality^c BeingCirculated^c BeingWatched^c HavingaPower^c LyingHorizontally^c Sanitariness^c Vivacity^c BeingDifferent^c Weakness^c AbnormalCondition^c Utility^c Mobility^c Gravitating^c BeingAbsent^c HavingManyPeopleInside^c BeingEmployed^c Politeness^c BeingBedridden^c BeingSuitable^c Alertness^c Complexity^c Oiliness^c BeingContrasting^c Toxicity^c Inconsistency^c LoomingOminously^c Raininess^c BeingAbundant^c BeingBusy^c BeingObserved^c BeingSuspected^c Combustibility^c BeingFinite^c Consistency^c Dirtiness^c BeingWarm^c Individuality^c BeingProminent^c Uselessness^c BeingVisible^c HavingRoomForSomething^c Comprehensibility^c BeingAttractedToSomething^c Saintliness^c Profitability^c Mortality^c Wholeness^c Diversity^c EndangeringSomething^c BeingEsteemed^c Limelight^c Frivolity^c Irritability^c Largeness^c Emptiness^c BeingCrowded^c Brightness^c Hygiene^c Versatility^c SanitaryCondition^c

HavingAnInterest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingAnInterest

Description

''HavingAnInterest'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who has an 'interest' in something, in the sense that the thing in which the Person has an 'interest' has some effect on things important to that Person, especially important to that Person's financial situation or personal relations.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'interested' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) concerned, interested - (involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in; 
             'a memorandum to those concerned'; 'an enterprise in which three men are concerned';
              'factors concerned in the rise and fall of epidemics';
              'the interested parties met to discuss the business')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HavingAnOpinion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingAnOpinion`
Description	A HavingAnOpinion is a stative Event during which some 'IntentionalAgent' has an 'Opinion' in its mind. An 'Opinion' is some Proposition. The necessary components of each instance of 'HavingAnOpinion' are an individual 'IntentionalAgent' and an Opinion (which is a subtype of Proposition). HavingAnOpinion can be the result of almost any kind of cognitive process, logical or illogical. '''Believing''' is a subtype of 'HavingAnOpinion'. `This sense most closely resembles sense of 'feel' in WordNet, but the WordNet sense includes 'FormingAnOpinion', which is a separate Event type;: in Wordnet: 2. (150) find, feel - (come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds; 'I feel that he doesn't like me'; 'I find him to be obnoxious'; 'I found the movie rather entertaining')`
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c MentalState^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c containedExperience^op some Opinion^c hasTopic^op some Opinion^c
Sub-classes	Believing^c CaringAboutSomething^c

HavingAnimalsInside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingAnimalsInside`
Description	''HavingAnimalsInside'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there are some animals (including people) present in the Thing (a Place or Object) that is the Agent of this PersistentState.
Super-classes	HavingOrganismsInside^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some (GroupOfAnimals^c or GroupType^c or Animal^c or AnimalType^c) isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Inhabited^c

HavingBloodyStools^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingBloodyStools`
Description	''HavingBloodyStools' is a ''Defecating'' Action in which the ''Feces'' produced are ''Bloody'' - ''BloodyStools''.
Super-classes	MedicalSymptom^c Defecating^c
Restrictions	isaSymptomOf^op value ColonCancer^c hadThingTransferred^op value BloodyStools^c produced^op value BloodyStools^c

HavingCarbonDioxideInside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingCarbonDioxideInside`
Description	''HavingCarbonDioxideInside'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to specify that liquids that are ''Carbonated'' have some contentof ''CarboDioxide''.
Super-classes	HavingSomethingInside^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op value CarbonDioxide^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Carbonated^c hasSubjectOfState^op value LiquidThing^c

HavingEndurance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingEndurance`
Description	''HavingEndurance'' is a ''Quality'' characterizing the ability of some animal to continue physical activity for more than an average length of time without getting too tired to continue. This is the Attribute of an animal (uaually applied to People) who show ''Stamina'' (a Quality) in physical activities. NOTE* this is not an intensive attribute (though perhaps it should be),some there is no 'high stamina' or 'low stamina' - having this attribute means that an animal has high (good) stamina - equivalent to 'endurance'. No WN or RHW sense seems to capture this. The closest are 'enduring' and 'lasting' but the glosses on those do not quite capture this meaning. The WN meanings for 'untiring' an 'inexhaustible' are not close. WN 'lasting': 2. (1) durable, lasting, long-lasting, long-lived - (existing for a long time; 'hopes for a durable peace'; 'a long-lasting friendship') 4. lasting - (lasting a long time without change; 'a lasting relationship') WN 'enduring': 2. enduring, long-suffering - (patiently enduring continual wrongs or trouble; 'an enduring disposition'; 'a long-suffering and uncomplaining wife') RHW 'enduring': 1. lasting; permanent: a poet of enduring greatness. 2. patient; long-suffering. RHW 'lasting': 1. continuing or enduring a long time; permanent; durable: a lasting friendship.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving^op value Stamina^c

HavingFun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingFun`
Description	''HavingFun'' is intentionally performing some Action(s) that Causes ''Enjoyment'' ( a subtype of ''Pleasure'') This is an Action,and the type ''Enjoying'' is a static situation, so this is not a subtype of ''Enjoying'' but includes the sate of ''Enjoying'' as a subEvent.
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Enjoying^c

HavingHorns^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingHorns`
Description	''HavingHorns'' is ''HavingaPart'' state in which some Animal has one or more hard ''Horn''s - on the head or (as in a Rhinoceros) the nose, or has some projections that resemble ''Horn''s. `NOTE: this is a ''PersistentState'', and the state is referred to mstly throught the adjectives that are themselves represented by ''Horned'': 1. horned - (having a horn or horns or hornlike parts or horns of a particular kind; 'horned viper'; 'great horned owl'; 'the unicorn - a mythical horned beast'; 'long-horned cattle') WN adj 'horny': 2. horny - (having horns or hornlike projections; 'horny coral'; 'horny (or horned) frog')`
Super-classes	HavingaPart^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c)

HavingInMemory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingInMemory

Description

'HavingInMemory' is a persistent MentalState in which a cognitive agent keeps some information in memory for some period of time, whether short-term or long-term. This includes both holding something in one's active attention span - short-term memory - and holding it in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory. This state is achieved as a result of some 'PuttingIntoMemory' event. For the act of storing something in long-term memory, use the subtype 'Memorizing'.

      In COSMO Acts related to memory are divided into stages:
        1.  PuttingIntoMemory - acquiring a memory, short or long-term
        2.  HavingInMemory - having something in short term memory, or in
            long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term
            memory
        3.  Remembering - recalling something from long-term to short-term
            memory, i.e. bringing it from outside of current consciousness
            into the current consciousness.
      States 1 and 3 have subtypes. 'Forgetting' reverses the effect of 'PuttingIntoMemory'.

Super-classes SingleDoerAction^c
StrictlyMentalEvent^c
MentalState^c

HavingManyPeopleInside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingManyPeopleInside`
Description	''HavingManyPeopleInside'' is a type of ''HavingPeopleInside'' that expresses the notion that there are more people or more people per square mile in a ''Place'' than in the average LandArea of the same type (e.g. Country, State, City). This is the state of a Place that is ''Populous''.
Super-classes	HavingPeopleInside^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Populous^c hasObjectOfState^op some (GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c or Person^c or PersonType^c)

HavingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingMoney`
Description	''HavingMoney'' is the state of a LegalAgent who has ''Ownership'' of some quantity of money, i.e.some ''MoneyObject'', but without offsetting debts, i.e.this is to own a 'net positive' amount of money. This can be for any ''LegalAgent'', Person or Organization.
Super-classes	Ownership^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOwned^op some MoneyObject^c isPerformedBy^op some LegalAgent^c
Sub-classes	AffordingaPurchase^c HavingWealth^c

HavingOrganismsInside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingOrganismsInside`
Description	''HavingAnimalsInside'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there are some animals (including people) present in the Thing (a Place or Object) that is the Agent of this PersistentState.
Super-classes	HavingSomethingInside^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Occupied^c hasObjectOfState^op some (GroupOfAnimals^c or GroupType^c or Organism^c or OrganismType^c)
Sub-classes	HavingAnimalsInside^c Infestation^c

HavingPeopleInside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingPeopleInside`
Description	''HavingPeopleInside'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there are people present in the Thing (a Place or Object) that is the Agent of this PersistentState.
Super-classes	HavingSomethingInside^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some (GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c or Person^c or PersonType^c) isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Populated^c
Sub-classes	HavingManyPeopleInside^c BeingCrowded^c

HavingRoomForSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingRoomForSomething`
Description	''HavingRoomForSomething'' is a PersistentState of some generic 'container' into which PhysicalObjects may be placed, in which a certain number of Objects can fit within that space. This can describe the capacity of a container (one gallon jar) or the seating capacity of an auditorium, of the guest capacity of a hotel. For a cargo ship it could be cargo capacity, for a passenger ship or plane or bus, the number of passengers accommodated. `NOTE* this probably should be a relation. See ''isDesignedToHold'' - specifies what, not how many. Includes verb senses 19 and 20 of 'hold' in WordNet: 19. (19) accommodate, hold, admit - (have room for; hold without crowding; 'This hotel can accommodate 250 guests'; 'The theater admits 300 people'; 'The auditorium can't hold more than 500 people') 20. (18) contain, take, hold - (be capable of holding or containing; 'This box won't take all the items'; 'The flask holds one gallon')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value LargeEnough^c

HavingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingSomething`
Description	Each 'HavingSomething' is a PersistentState in which something - anything, animate or inanimate, physical or abstract - 'has' something else in some sense. This is very broad, as can be seen by scrolling down the list of relations starting with 'has'; most of the meaning of the verb 'has' is represented by those owl:properties. To some extent, this recalls the relation between a base column in a databsae and one of the other columns: e.g. an individual person may 'have' a 'mother' and 'mother' may be the name of one of the columns. For 'having' something of value, use ''Possession''. This parent type itself is not very meaningful, except as it is required to express the meaning of 'LackingSomething', i.e. it is the opposite of 'LackingSomething', though the relation will probably need some FOL axioms to make it meaningful. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'have' in WordNet: WN 'have' 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	subjectOfStateHas^op only owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	HavingAnOpinion^c Disease^c HavingaPart^c HavingaFeeling^c Possession^c HavingAnAgreement^c Delusion^c HavingaRight^c HavingaPrivilege^c HumanRelationship^c Abundance^c Indebtedness^c HavingAnAttribute^c Keeping^c HavingSomethingInside^c IncludingSomething^c
In domain of	subjectOfStateHas^op

HavingSomethingInCommon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingSomethingInCommon`
Description	''HavingSomethingInCommon'' is a type of ''Coexistence'' in which two or more objects all have some attribute or perform some Action of the same kind, not necessarily in the same location, and not necessarily cooperating or being in contact. `This is currently used mostly for people sharing interests or Residences, but can be used as one way to express a form of 'similarity'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'share' in WordNet: 1. (24) share - (have in common; 'Our children share a love of music'; 'The two countries share a long border')`
Super-classes	Coexistence^c
Restrictions	hasThingShared^op some owl:Thing^c isPerformedBy^op value ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	SharingaResource^c

HavingSomethingInside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingSomethingInside`
Description	''HavingSomethingInside'' is a stative Event that can be used to provide logical support for attributes (adjectives) that characterize contents of places or objects where other relations like ''isTheAttributeofSomethingDoing'' cannot be related to any other Event. This can apply to abstract objects,so 'inside' is not necessarily physical containment. `NOTE that the 'patient' of this type is the Place that has the objects, not the objects. So 'hasObjectOfState' points to the Objects 'had'.`
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some (Object^c or ObjectGroup^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	BeingFlooded^c HavingOrganismsInside^c HavingCarbonDioxideInside^c HavingPeopleInside^c

HavingTwoPoles^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingTwoPoles

Description

''HavingTwoPoles'' is an attribute of anything that has two parts (physical or abstract) that are in opposition to each other. This can be for opposite opinions or opposite sides of a dispute.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'bipolar' in Wordnet:
        3. bipolar - (having two poles)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

HavingWealth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingWealth`
Description	''HavingWealth'' is the state of a ''Person'' ''HavingMoney'' when the quantity had is significantly larger than the the average amount of MoneyObject or other property convertible into money. This varies with the population and the time and the state of the economy and cannot be tied to an invarying specific number. `NOTE: for those having wealth in the top one percent of ''MoneyObject''s owned by individual ''Person''s, the subtype ''Wealthiness'' is more specific.`
Super-classes	HavingMoney^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c hasObjectOwned^op value Wealth^c
Sub-classes	Wealthiness^c

HavingWings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingWings`
Description	''HavingWings'' is ''HavingaPart'' state in which some Animal has one or more ''Wing''s, typically but not always giving the animal the ability to fly.
Super-classes	HavingaPart^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c) hasObjectOfState^op value GroupOfWings^c

HavingaCollegeDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaCollegeDegree`
Description	''HavingaCollegeDegree' is a ''Qualification'' for some jobs.
Super-classes	Qualification^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CollegeGraduate^c

HavingaDeadBattery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaDeadBattery`
Description	'havingaDeadBattery' is an attribute of a Device that cannot perform its DesignFunction, because it requires a battery to operate, and the battery is dead or discharged, or the battery is missing from its compartment.
Super-classes	UnableToFunction^c

HavingaFeeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaFeeling`
Description	A ''HavingaFeeling'' is a a stative Event during which some 'Person' has a ''Feeling''. This differs from the ''Feeling'' in that it does not focus on the ''Feeling'' itself, but on the consequences or implications of the state of having that Feeling. `The same consequences or implications may be assigned to the Feeling itself, and this is only subtly different from the Feeling, but seems to be distinguishable.`
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c MentalState^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some Person^c hasDirectObject^op some FeelingType^c hasTopic^op some Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Disliking^c

HavingaPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaPart`
Description	''HavingaPart'' is a stative Event that can be used to provide logical support for attributes (adjectives) that characterize Things by describing something they have as a 'Part''.
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some (Object^c or ObjectGroup^c or ObjectType^c or GroupType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	HavingWings^c Encompassing^c HavingHorns^c

HavingaPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaPower`
Description	''HavingaPower'' is a state in which a Person or other intelligent agent has some form of ''Right'' represented as some subtype of the Attribute ''SocialPower''.
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value SocialPower^c

HavingaPrivilege^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaPrivilege`
Description	Each ''HavingaPrivilege'' is a ' ''PersistentState'' that is performed by a Person or ''GroupOfPeople'' that have some ''Privilege'' (an advantage over other people).
Super-classes	Action^c HavingSomething^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Privileged^c subjectOfStateHas^op value Privilege^c isPerformedBy^op value PrivilegedAgent^c

HavingaQualification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaQualification`
Description	''HavingaQualification'' is a Person ''BeingQualified'' while having no disqualifying impediments to assume a position or perform some Task. The specific types of 'qualification' can be added as subtypes when needed. The kind of 'qualification' that can be 'had' by a Person are, for example, 'Credential' (degree, license) or experience, or a GPA or score on some test. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'qualification' in WordNet: 1. (8) qualification, making - (an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something; 'her qualifications for the job are excellent'; 'one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree'; 'she has the makings of fine musician')`
Super-classes	BeingQualified^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Eligible^c

HavingaRight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaRight`
Description	A ''HavingaRight'' is a stative Event during which some 'IntentionalAgent' has (possesses in some sense) a ''Right'' to perform some Action that s/he may want to perform.
Super-classes	MentalState^c HavingSomething^c
Restrictions	subjectOfStateHas^op some Right^c wasExperiencedBy^op some LegalAgent^c

HavingaTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaTask`
Description	'HavingaTask' is a specialized subtype of ''Believing'', in which an IntelligentAgent believes that s/he has some obligation or respnsibility to attend to (i.e. pay some attention to) some ''ProblemSituation'' (which see) which could be important or trivial. This is the most generic MentalSituation that is both caused by and has the topic of a ''ProblemSituation''. This is not formally a ''Feeling'' as it only needs some knowlege in the mind of a ''ProblemSitation'' in order to exist in the mind. `**? relation to ''Obligation''? Not an ''Obligation'', because not performing the 'Task'' may not cause any negative consequences (as in postponing a chore past the intended time).`
Super-classes	Believing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value ProblemSituation^c mayCause^op value CarryingOutaTask^c mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op value ProblemSituation^c mayCause^op value SolvingaProblem^c

HavingaTendency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HavingaTendency`
Description	''HavingaTendency'' is a state in which the entity(s) in focus has some ''Tendency'' to do something. This is expressed linguistically as ''being prone (to)' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tend' and noun senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'tendency' in WordNet: 1. (60) tend, be given, lean, incline, run - (have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined; 'She tends to be nervous before her lectures'; 'These dresses run small'; 'He inclined to corpulence')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value ProneToAction^c

Havoc^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Havoc`
Description	A serious ''DisorderlyActivity'' that involves more than a few (four or more) people and includes acts of violence, causing either property damage or physical harm to a ''Person'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'havoc' in WordNet: 1. (3) havoc, mayhem - (violent and needless disturbance)`
Super-classes	DisorderlyActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfFourOrMorePeople^c hasSubEvent^op value ViolentAction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Disruptive^c

Hawaiian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hawaiian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Hawaiian' in Wordnet: 1. Hawaiian - (of or relating to or characteristic of the state or island of Hawaii or to the people or culture or language)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

HawaiianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HawaiianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Hawaiian' in WordNet: 2. Hawaiian - (a native or resident of Hawaii)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfHawaii^c

Hawk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hawk`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hawk' in WordNet: 1. (2) hawk - (diurnal bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail)`
Super-classes	BirdOfPrey^c
Sub-classes	Kite-Hawk^c Falcon^c Osprey^c

Hay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hay`
Description	Cut and dried herbage (e.g., grass, clover, alfalfa) used as animal feed. `SUMO: Grass that has been cut and cured for use as Fodder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hay' in Wordnet: 1. (11) hay - (grass mowed and cured for use as fodder)`
Super-classes	VegetableMatter^c Fodder^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brittle^c

HayRake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HayRake`
Description	A ''Rake'' designed to move hay around.
Super-classes	Rake^c

HayWagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HayWagon`
Description	A ''Wagon'' designed for or used for carrying ''Hay''.
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Wagon^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCarry^op value Hay^c

Hazard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hazard`
Description	A ''Hazard'' is anything - object or situation - that is ''Dangerous'' and may cause harm or loss. NOTE: a ''Hazard'' in COSMO can be an Object or a situation; the subtyp ''RiskySituation'' more specifically represents a 'situation' that may cause a loss. Technically, an Object whose presence may cause a risk might suggest representing such a thing as a ''PersistentState'', but to allow the common linguistic usage of calling the objects themselves a ''Hazard'', this type can be used to label an Object, and the implied potential loss is represented by the chain of inference: Hazard presenceCauses RiskySituation RiskySituation may Cause LosingSomething Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hazard' in WordNet: 1. (3) hazard, jeopardy, peril, risk, endangerment - (a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune; 'drinking alcohol is a health hazard')
Super-classes	DangerousThing^c Role^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value RiskySituation^c
Sub-classes	RiskyAction^c RiskySituation^c

Haze^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Haze

Description

A more transparent subtype of ''Fog''.

       CYC: An aggregation of fine widely dispersed particles
        which subdues colors a bit.  Of all clouds, haze is the most
        transparent.  When it occurs, it comes in very large lumps
        (i.e. may cover an entire city or horizon) and envelopes the
        observer in the same way that Fog (qv) does.  Thus Haze is
        only a cloud from the #$WeatherEvent perspective.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'haze' in WordNet:
         1. (8) haze - (atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke
            that causes reduced visibility)

Super-classes Fog^c

Hazing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hazing`
Description	''Hazing'' is a form of initiation ritual imposed on new members of some organizations, as in military institutions or fraternities. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'haze' in WordNet: 2. haze - (harass by imposing humiliating or painful tasks, as in military institutions)`
Super-classes	Harassment^c InitiationRitual^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repeated^c isaRitualOfGroup^op some (Organization^c or OrganizationType^c or GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c)

Hazy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hazy

Description

A current condition where the air is full of haze and the visibility is moderate.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hazy' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) brumous, foggy, hazy, misty - (filled or abounding 
            with fog or mist; 'a brumous October morning')

Super-classes WeatherAttributeValue^c

Head^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Head`
Description	In CYC 'Head-AnimalBodyPart': A specialization of #$ExternalAnatomicalPart, and #$AnimalBodyPart, and an instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType: the collection of all heads of #$Animals. See also the more specialized #$Head-Vertebrate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head' in WordNet: 1. (208) head, caput - (the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; 'he stuck his head out the window')`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Sub-classes	Head-Vertebrate^c LargeHead^c

Head-Vertebrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Head-Vertebrate`
Description	CYC: The collection of all heads of #$Vertebrates (animals with backbones). Vertebrate heads all have faces (see #$FaceOfAnimal) and connect to the animal's torso via a neck; these things are not generally true for most non-vertebrates.
Super-classes	Head^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	HumanHead^c

Head-on^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Head-on`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'head-on' in Wordnet: 2. frontal, head-on - (meeting front to front; 'a frontal attack'; 'a head-on collision')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HeadCrest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadCrest`
Description	A ''HeadCrest'' is a pointed 'appendage' growing on the head of some animal, most notably birds. `NOTE: is this the top part of or atteched to the Head? Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'crest' in WordNet: 5. crest - (a showy growth of e.g. feathers or skin on the head of a bird or other animal)`
Super-classes	Appendage^c PointyEndedObject^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op value Head^c isPartOfOrAttachedTo^op value Head^c

HeadHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadHair`
Description	The Substance ''Hair'' that is growing on the top part of the ''Head'' of a Person (the ''Scalp'), not on the Face. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head of hair' in WordNet: 1. (1) mane, head of hair - (growth of hair covering the scalp of a human being)`
Super-classes	HumanHair^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Scalp^c
Sub-classes	HairDo^c

HeadHood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadHood`
Description	May be a separate piece or part of a coat or jacket `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hood' in Wordnet: 4. hood - (a headdress that protects the head and face)`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c SomethingToWearPart^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fabric^c isDesignedToCover^op value Head^c

HeadMaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadMaster`
Description	A ''HeadMaster'' is a ''SchoolPrincipal'', in a private K-12 school. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headmaster' in WordNet: 1. (2) headmaster, schoolmaster, master - (presiding officer of a school)`
Super-classes	SchoolPrincipal^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value PrivateSchool^c

HeadNote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadNote`
Description	This ''HeadNote'' is secifically for ''Chapter''s. A broader parent type could be created if needed. `NOTE: no WN sense for 'headnote'. RHW 'headnote': a brief summary, comment, or explanation that precedes a chapter, report, etc.`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c DocumentPart^c ConceptualWork^c HeadOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value Chapter^c

HeadOfAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadOfAnObject`
Description	A ''HeadOfAnObject'' is an ''ObjectPart'' that is located at the 'top' or 'front' part of some Object, abstract or Physical. For PhysicalObjects more explicit ''OrientedPart''s and relations among them have been represented, so this is used mostly for ''AbstractObject''s for which the 'top', 'front', 'bottom', 'head' 'back' or 'tail' are to some extent metaphorically related to similar parts of PhysicalObjects, as when a 'text' or 'page' or 'list' are visualized as being oriented vertically, and the 'top' is the beginning part of the page or list. `An ''OrientedPart'' might be linked to this in some manner - or kept separate for specificity. Maybe needs rethinking? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head' in WordNet: 7. (1) head - (the top of something; 'the head of the stairs'; 'the head of the page'; 'the head of the list')`
Super-classes	ObjectPart^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op only (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Header^c HeadNote^c

HeadOfAnOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadOfAnOrganization`
Description	The ''HeadOfAnOrganization'' is the chief administrator, who may be called the ''President'' or 'CEO' or any other title. The subtypes can include the 'head' of a suborganization within a larger organization (e.g. department head). This is a broad type that can e applied to any Person who is the sole leader some ''Organization'', including a 'capo' in an OrganizedCrime organization or a gang leader (if the gang has a formal organization).. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head' in WordNet: 4. (6) head, chief, top dog - (a person who is in charge; 'the head of the whole operation')`
Super-classes	OfficerInOrganization^c PolicyMaker^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op some (Organization^c or OrganizationType^c) isAssociatedWithAgent^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	Sheriff^c Decision-Maker^c CabinetOfficer^c Warden^c PresidentOfOrganization^c

HeadOfGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadOfGovernment`
Description	An instance of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg, and a specialization of #$Politician. Each instance of #$HeadOfGovernment is a person who holds a political position as the head of the government of some instance of #$Country. See the #$sharedNotes #$GovernmentLeaderNote for an explanation of the distinction between #$HeadOfGovernment and #$HeadOfState (q.v.)
Super-classes	Politician^c Leader^c Celebrity^c Manager^c PublicOfficial^c
Sub-classes	King-HeadOfGovernment^c UnitedStatesPresident^c Dictator^c Queen-HeadOfGovernment^c

HeadOfState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadOfState`
Description	A 'HeadOfState' is the person who is the supreme commander of some country or less formal area that is at least nominally controlled by some government. The ruling power may be constitutional, hereditary, acquired by military fiat, feudal, or other mechanism. Approximately equal to noun sense 1 of 'ruler' in RHW: 1. a person who rules or governs; sovereign. Cyc: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$HeadOfState is a person who holds a political position as the titular leader of some instance of #$Country. Titles that such a person might hold include President, Premier, Chairman, Sultan, King or Queen, or Regent. Examples of #$HeadOfState: #$BillClinton, #$QueenElizabethII, #$YassirArafat, #$Hirohito, #$JiangZemin. See also the related constants #$titleOfPosition and #$HeadOfGovernment. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'ruler' in WordNet: 2. (4) ruler, swayer - - (a person who rules or commands; 'swayer of the universe') WN noun 'head of state': 1. head of state, chief of state - (the chief public representative of a country who may also be the head of government)
Super-classes	PolicyMaker^c Politician^c Leader^c PublicOfficial^c Celebrity^c ProfessionalPerson^c
Restrictions	isAssociatedWithAgent^op some GeopoliticalEntity^c practicesOccupation^op value LeadingaState^c
Sub-classes	Dictator^c Prince-HeadOfState^c President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState^c Monarch-HeadOfState^c Chancellor-HeadOfState^c Moghul^c

HeadOn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadOn

Description

''HeadOn'' is an adverb typically modifying an Eventin which two objects 'meet' in some manner with the Front parts facing each other.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'head-on' in Wordnet:
           2. head-on - (with the front foremost; 'the cars collided head-on')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

HeadShake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadShake`
Description	A ''HeadShake'' is a ''SymbolicGesturing'' consisting of turning the head left and right once or more times to signify a 'no' answer, or disbelief. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headshake' in WordNet: 1. headshake, headshaking - (the act of turning your head left and right to signify denial or disbelief or bemusement; 'I could tell from their headshakes that they didn't believe me')`
Super-classes	SymbolicGesturing^c Sign^c
Restrictions	signifies^op some (Disbelief^c or Doubting^c or DisagreementEvent^c)

HeadWaiter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadWaiter`
Description	A ''HeadWaiter'' is a ''RestaurantEmployee'' who manages the ''Waiter''s and `CYC: This is a job which includes greeting patrons at a restaurant and seating them. Sometimes called the 'maitre d'hotel' or 'host'/'hostess'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headwaiter' in WordNet: 1. captain, headwaiter, maitre d'hotel, maitre d' - (a dining-room attendant who is in charge of the waiters and the seating of customers)`
Super-classes	RestaurantEmployee^c Manager^c FoodProfessional^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value Waiter^c

HeadWear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadWear`
Description	An item of ''HeadWear'' is a ''ClothingAccessory'' worn on the ''Head''. Includes hats, caps, veils. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headgear' in WordNet: 1. (1) headdress, headgear - (clothing for the head)`
Super-classes	ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	Hijab^c Veil^c Hat^c Headscarf^c Crown^c Tiara^c Wig^c Chador^c Turban^c

Headache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Headache`
Description	An ache that appears to be located inside the skull. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'headache' in WordNet: 2. (3) headache, head ache, cephalalgia - (pain in the head caused by dilation of cerebral arteries or muscle contractions or a reaction to drugs)`
Super-classes	Ache^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	MigraineHeadache^c

Header^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Header`
Description	A short sequential group of Words (''Phrase'') that concisely conveys the topic in the abstract text that is below it (on a page) or follows it (in an article or section of text). e.g. chapter header or chapter title. `This is for section or chapter headers or titles as well as the line at the top of a book page that indicaes something about the content of the page (sometimes just the chapter, sometimes more specific to the contents of a specific page) Corresponds pproximately (may be more than one line) to noun sense 1 of 'header' in WordNet: 1. heading, header, head - (a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about; 'the heading seemed to have little to do with the text')`
Super-classes	Phrase^c HeadOfAnObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value AbstractText^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c
Sub-classes	NewspaperHeadline^c SectionTitle^c

Headgear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Headgear`
Description	''Headgear'' for a Horse is something worn on a orse's head so that the horse can be controlled. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'headgear' in WordNet: 3. headgear - (stable gear consisting of any part of a harness that fits about the horse's head)`
Super-classes	WearableItem^c StableGear^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isSupportedBy^op value Horse^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	Bridle^c

Headlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Headlight`
Description	A ''Headlight'' is an ''ElectricalLightingDevice'' that emits a strong beam of light, used in the front of ''RoadVehicle''s (cars, trucks) or locomotives, usually in pairs in ''RoadVehicle''s, over the left and right front tires, designed to to illuminate the road (or track) ahead so that the driver can see the road and avoid objects in the road. These devices in ''RoadVehicle''s typically have more than one lighting element in each ''Headlight'',so that the beam can be switched from normal to 'high beam' (to illuminate further), and back. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headlight' in WordNet: 1. (6) headlight, headlamp - (a powerful light with reflector; attached to the front of an automobile or locomotive)`
Super-classes	ElectricalLightingDevice^c HandSizedObject^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value RailroadTrainEngine^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value RoadVehicle^c emits^op value LightBeam^c

Headphones^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Headphones`
Description	A Pair of ''EarPiece''s connected to the same electrical signal source (with possible differentiation of left and right earpieces.) `CYC: The audio devices put very close to the ears to permit personal listening.`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c ManufacturedGoods^c Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value EarPiece^c
Sub-classes	Headset^c

Headquarters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Headquarters`
Description	A ''Headquarters'' is a building or part of a building that serves as the main central location where an organization locates its top executives and conducts operations affecting the whole business. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headquarters' in WordNet: 1. (7) headquarters, central office, main office, home office, home base - ((usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise; 'many companies have their headquarters in New York')`
Super-classes	OfficeSpace^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value AdministrationOfAnOrganization^c isTheLocationOf^op value Organization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FordMotorHeadquarters

HeadsUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeadsUp`
Description	Each ''HeadsUp'' is an ''AbstractText'' whose topic is some .''PossibleFutureSituation''. Note that this is treated as an Object; for the Action of conveying a HeadsUp use ''GivingaHeadsUp''. `The ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that is the topic is not necessarily a RiskySituation; such information can be conveyed by the subtype ''WarningAction'' in a resulting ''Warning''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'heads-up' (topic is a situation, but not necessarily a RiskySituation,, as in a ''WarningText'') in WordNet: 1. heads-up - (a warning message; 'he sent a heads-up to the District Attorney')`
Super-classes	ExternalReferringThing^c AbstractText^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value ImminentPossibleFutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	WarningText^c

Headscarf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Headscarf`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headscarf' in WordNet: 1. headscarf - (a kerchief worn over the head and tied under the chin)`
Super-classes	HeadWear^c Kerchief^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	Chador^c Hijab^c

Headset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Headset`
Description	A ''Headset'' is a ''Headphones'' pair that has a connecting component between the ''Earpiece''s that allows the ''Headset'' to rest on the Head without the need to insert the Earpiece into the Ear. `CYC: a communications device which is worn on the head and has speakers which cover the ears. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headset' in WordNet: 1. headset - (receiver consisting of a pair of headphones)`
Super-classes	SomethingToWear^c ElectricalDevice^c Headphones^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value BothEars^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Head^c

Headstrong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Headstrong

Description

''Headstrong'' is an attribute of a Person who habitually resists being controlled or directed by another. This includes children who frequently disobey parents' directions.

   RHW 'froward': willfully contrary; not easily managed: to be worried 
         about one's froward, intractable child.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'headstrong' in Wordnet:
     1. (1) froward, headstrong, self-willed, willful, wilful -
        (habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition)

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Healer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Healer`
Description	A ''Healer'' is someone who has some level of knowledge of how to heal some (one or more) ''AilmentCondition''. This includes practictioners of modern medicine as well as traditional healers, faith healers, and witch doctors. `Has some unclear overlap with noun sense 1 of 'healer' in WordNet: 1. (1) therapist, healer - (a person skilled in a particular type of therapy)`
Super-classes	Expert^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Sub-classes	WitchDoctor^c Psychotherapist^c

HealingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HealingEvent`
Description	An Event in which some disease or physiological malfunction or trauma state (e.g. a broken bone, a wound) comes to an end and relatively normal function resumes. This is a subtype of PhysiologicalProcess. For the Action that causes a ''HealingEvent'' use ''CuringAnAilment''. CYC 'Healing': The collection of events in which a BLO repairs an injury in itself, through biological means rather than externally. For example, a broken bone heals itself by growing new cells which connect the different pieces of bone - a doctor does NOT heal a patient. Includes CYC 'RecoveringFromAilment':A collection of events. In an instance of #$RecoveringFromAilment, some member of #$BiologicalLivingObject recovers from an #$AilmentCondition it has at the beginning of this recovery period. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'heal' and verb sense 2 of 'recover' in WordNet: 1. (2) mend, heal - - (heal or recover; 'My broken leg is mending') 2. (1) heal - - (get healthy again; 'The wound is healing slowly') WN verb 'recover': 2. (4) recuperate, recover, convalesce - (get over an illness or shock; 'The patient is recuperating') WN verb 'recuperate': 3. recuperate - (restore to good health or strength) 4. recuperate, recover, convalesce - (get over an illness or shock; 'The patient is recuperating') WN noun 'recuperation' 2. (2) convalescence, recuperation, recovery - (gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury)
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c ImprovementEvent^c EndingOfAnEvent^c Recovering^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some AilmentCondition^c reversesTheEffectOf^op some GettingSick^c

Health^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Health`
Description	'Health' is the condition of being Healthy - a state of health, which is the absence of any AilmentCondition. This does not require that an animal's body be in perfect condition - a person with an amputated limb can still be considered Healthy as long as that person is not experiencing an Illness. Minor scratches, burns, or headache do not make a person 'unhealthy. `NOTE: that this is a PersistentState, which is a type of Event that has a beginning and ending time. Corrresponds to noun sense 1 of 'health' in WordNet: 1. (23) health, wellness - (a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease; 'physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients')`
Super-classes	NormalOrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalFitness^c GoodHealth^c Sanity^c Healthiness^c

HealthCareEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HealthCareEvent`
Description	COSMO note: An Event that involves some attempt at providing a human with a service beneficial to hisher health. (Veterinary events are under 'VeterinaryCareEvent'). This may or may not be provided by a 'MedicalCareOrganization'. This is not for routine nourishement, exercise, or routine ingestion of vitamin supplements by an individual, but either (1) something performed by a person on another Person that is intended to improve health; or (2) something performed by a person on herself that is of the nature of a medical procedure. Self-treatment is included, but only if it is clearly a procedure that is of the kind typically performed by a medical professional., In Cyc called 'HealthCare'. Cyc: A collection of events. Each element of #$HealthCare is a purposeful action in which an agent acts to maintain, preserve, or promote the health of an #$Animal. Two important subcollections are (#$SubcollectionOfAboutFn #$HealthCare #$Person) and (#$SubcollectionOfAboutFn #$HealthCare #$NonPersonAnimal) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'health care' in WordNet: 2. healthcare, health care - (the preservation of mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health profession)
Super-classes	ProfessionalServicing^c TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntentionalAgent^c hadBeneficiary^op some Person^c hadAnimalTreated^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c) hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value MaintainingHealth^c
Sub-classes	NursingEvent^c Optometry^c MedicalProcedure^c Radiology^c AttemptedTherapeuticProcess^c
In domain of	hadAnimalTreated^op

HealthEmergency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HealthEmergency`
Description	A ''HealthEmergency'' is any ''AilmentCondition'' that requires immediate attention. ???going into labor??
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c Emergency^c
Restrictions	convincedAgentToAction^op value EmergencyMedicalTreatment^c
Sub-classes	HeartAttack^c

HealthInsurance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HealthInsurance`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'health insurance' in WordNet: 1. health insurance - (insurance against loss due to ill health)`
Super-classes	InsuranceAgreement^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some MedicalExpenses^c hasIntendedPrimaryFunction^op value PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss^c
Sub-classes	CompanyPaidHealthInsurance^c

HealthProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HealthProfessional`
Description	An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$Professional-Adult. Each instance of #$HealthProfessional is a person employed in some health-related field. Specializations of #$HealthProfessional include #$MedicalCareProfessional and #$HealthInspector `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'health professional' in WordNet: 1. health professional, health care provider, caregiver - (a person who helps in identifying or preventing or treating illness or disability)`
Super-classes	ProfessionalPerson^c
Sub-classes	MedicalCareProfessional^c AlternativeMedicinePractitioner^c Therapist^c

HealthcareOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HealthcareOrganization`
Description	Each instance of #$HealthcareOrganization is an #$Organization that is primarily or significantly engaged in the #$HealthcareIndustry or whose activities focus on that industry. All of #$OccupationalSafetyAndHealthAdministration, #$AmericanMedicalAssociation and #$SetonNorthwestHospital are instances of #$HealthcareOrganization.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	MedicalCareOrganization^c

Healthiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Healthiness`
Description	''Healthiness'' is the general term for the ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which an Organism does not have an ''AilmentCondition'' and has sufficient vigor and mental health to live a normal life unrestrcted by inadequate bodily resources. ''Healthiness'' is a better PhysioogicalCondition than just ''Health''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'healthiness' in WordNet: 1. good health, healthiness - (the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease)`
Super-classes	Health^c
Restrictions	isaHigherLevelOf^op value Health^c
Sub-classes	Wellness^c

Healthy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Healthy`
Description	The attribute of being healthy, which means not having any identifiable illnesses that would cause one to say that a person is ill or sick. One may have minor injuries such as bruises or scratches and still be 'Healthy'. NOTE that the word 'well' is one label for this AttributeValue, though that word is often used to indicate a state of health after some interval of illness. The distinction is not yet (r923) formalized: perhaps 'recovered' as a subattribute? @ToDo. Cyc: The state of being healthy, i.e., not suffering from any type of #$AilmentCondition. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'healthy' and sense 1 of 'well' in WordNet: WN adj 'healthy': 1. (16) healthy - (having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease; 'a rosy healthy baby'; 'staying fit and healthy') WN adjective 'well': 1. (4) well - (in good health especially after having suffered illness or injury; 'appears to be entirely well'; 'the wound is nearly well'; 'a well man'; 'I think I'm well; at least I feel well')
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PhysicallyFit^c Sane^c

HealthyAppearance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HealthyAppearance

Description

A Person's ''HealthyAppearance'' is that Person's ''PersonalAppearance'' when that Person is in the state of ''Healthiness'' and has a 'healthy ruddy' complexion of the cheeks.

   The WN 'glow' appears to represent this state although the gloss
       emphasizes the feeling.
   RHW 'glow': noun: 4.  a warm, ruddy color of the cheeks.
               verb  9. (of the cheeks) to exhibit a healthy, warm, ruddy color.

    Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'glow' in WordNet:
      1. (3) freshness, glow - (an alert and refreshed state)

Super-classes Quality^c
PersonalAppearance^c

Heap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heap`
Description	A ''Heap' is a ''Pile'' of objects produced by an intentional ''Collecting'' Action but not arranged in any particular order nor internally organized, - ''Unordered'' - i.e. not carefully placed in relation to each other. A pile of garbage or a heap of clothes in a laundry bin. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'heap' in WordNet (the kind of Pile created by an intentional act of ''Collecting'': 1. (6) pile, heap, mound, agglomerate, cumulation, cumulus - (a collection of objects laid on top of each other)`
Super-classes	Pile^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Collecting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unordered^c

Heard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heard

Description

''Heard'' is an AttributeValue of ''Sound''s that were perceived by some Animal (usually a person); this is specific to the Animal of reference, as Sounds ''Unheard'' by one animal may be ''Heard'' by others.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heard' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) heard - (detected or perceived by the sense of hearing;
            'a conversation heard through the wall')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Hearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hearing`
Description	CYC: The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which, by means of vibratory sensors, a #$PerceptualAgent #$hears something that is causing (or consisting of) sound waves, and thereby acquires information about it. See also: #$Listening, the subcollection of #$Hearing events in which the aural stimulus is intentionally attended to. `For the 'sense of hearing; use 'SenseOfHearing'. SUMO: The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is done by an auditory Organ. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hear' in WordNet: 1. (275) hear - (perceive (sound) via the auditory sense)`
Super-classes	Perceiving^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op some Sound^c
Sub-classes	HearingDirectly^c Listening^c Overhearing^c

HearingAcuity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HearingAcuity`
Description	A HearingAcuity is an AttributeValue of animals, of the type 'SenseOfHearing' specifying the ability to hear sounds, relative to the abilities of the average animal of that species. Its values are intensive values, which are instances of 'HearingAcuity' such as 'excellent' 'very good', 'average' 'poor' and 'deaf'. This type may be specialized to specify a hearing ability in a specific frequency range.
Super-classes	SensoryAbility^c AttributeValue^c
In range of	hasHearingAcuity^op

HearingAid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HearingAid`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$PhysicalDevices that are used to aid in hearing. `NOTE: sense 1 is represented by the subtype Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'hearing aid' in WordNet: 1. hearing aid, deaf-aid - (an electronic device that amplifies sound and is worn to compensate for poor hearing) 2. hearing aid, ear trumpet - (a conical acoustic device formerly used to direct sound to the ear of a hearing-impaired person)`
Super-classes	SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural^c DisabilityAidEquipment^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Hearing^c
Sub-classes	ElectronicHearingAid^c

HearingDirectly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HearingDirectly`
Description	''Overhearing'' is a ''Hearing'' of ''Speaking'' by someone nearby ('within earshot') rather than listening to a recorded ''Speaking''. `What is heard is ''Speaking'' by someone within direct 'earshot'. Needs more detail.`
Super-classes	Hearing^c Observing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPerceived^op value Speaking^c

Heart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heart`
Description	CYC: The collection of all hearts. A #$Heart is an #$Organ that pumps blood throughout the body of an #$Animal. `SUMO: The Organ that pumps Blood throughout the body. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heart' in WordNet: 2. heart, pump, ticker - (the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body; 'he stood still, his heart thumping wildly')`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c InternalOrgan^c Pump-Generic^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Torso^c hasDesignFunction^op value PumpingBlood^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value StriatedMuscleTissue^c

Heart-TheCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heart-TheCard`
Description	This is the subcollection of #$PlayingCard that contains all of the cards which are hearts. `Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'heart' in WordNet: 10. heart - - (a playing card in the major suit that has one or more red hearts on it; 'he led the queen of hearts'; 'hearts were trumps')`
Super-classes	PlayingCard^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Hearts^c
Sub-classes	QueenOfHearts^c

HeartAttack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeartAttack`
Description	An instance of #$PhysiologicalConditionType, and a specialization of #$HeartCondition. #$HeartAttack denotes the collection of all physiological conditions in which some region of the heart muscle is damaged due to an inadequate supply of oxygen. Note that #$HeartAttack is different from #$CardiacArrest, which denotes the collection of all physiological conditions in which the heart has stopped beating or is otherwise unable to pump a quantity of blood sufficient to sustain vital organs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heart attack' in WordNet: 1. heart attack - (a sudden severe instance of abnormal heart function)`
Super-classes	AttackOfAnAilment^c HealthEmergency^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Heart^c

HeartBeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeartBeat`
Description	Each 'HeartBeat' is an Action in which the heart of an animal beats once, through a complete cycle of contraction and expansion. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beat' in WordNet: 2. (1) pulse, pulsation, heartbeat, beat - (the rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with each beat of the heart; 'he could feel the beat of her heart')`
Super-classes	VitalSign^c PumpingBlood^c Cycle^c PhysiologicalFunction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Heart^c occursAt^op some Heart^c

HeartBeating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeartBeating`
Description	A ''HeartBeating'' is a ''CyclicEventSeries'' in which each 'Cycle' is a ''Heartbeat''.
Super-classes	CyclicEventSeries^c PersistentState^c Pulsating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Heart^c hasComponentElement^op only HeartBeat^c
Sub-classes	Arrhythmia^c

HeartBreaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeartBreaking`
Description	`No definitions for 'heart-wrenching' in WN or RHW. Merriam-Webster online: heart-wrenching: very sad Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heartbreaking' in Wordnet: 1. grievous, heartbreaking, heartrending - (causing or marked by grief or anguish; 'a grievous loss'; 'a grievous cry'; 'her sigh was heartbreaking'; 'the heartrending words of Rabin's granddaughter')`
Super-classes	Sad^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Sad^c

HeartWrenching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeartWrenching`
Description	`No definitions for 'heart-wrenching' in WN or RHW. Merriam-Webster online: heart-wrenching: very sad`
Super-classes	Sad^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Sad^c

Heartburn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heartburn`
Description	''Heartburn'' is a ''MedicalSymptom'' that is usually caused by some form of acid in the stomach moving to the esophagus. May be a symptom of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heartburn' in WordNet: 1. heartburn, pyrosis - (a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus); symptomatic of an ulcer or a diaphragmatic hernia or other disorder)`
Super-classes	PainOrAche^c Feeling^c MedicalSymptom^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Esophagus^c occursAt^op value Chest-BodyPart^c

Heartfelt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heartfelt

Description

''Heartfelt'' is an intensive form of 'Sincere' characterizing assertions, especially good wishes, that suggests some degree of sympathy with the Person(s) addressed.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heartfelt' in Wordnet:
          1. dear, devout, earnest, heartfelt - (earnest; 'one's dearest wish'; 
            'devout wishes for their success'; 'heartfelt condolences')

Super-classes Sincere^c

Hearth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hearth`
Description	A ''Hearth'' is typically ''Paved'' with some form of ''Brick'', to avoid the risk of having a wood or other combustible floor close to the fire. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hearth' in WordNet: 3. hearth, fireside - (an area near a fireplace (usually paved and extending out into a room); 'they sat on the hearth and warmed themselves before the fire')`
Super-classes	PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Floor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Paved^c isAdjacentTo^op value Fireplace^c

Heartland^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heartland

Description

''Heartland'' is the ''CenterOfaGeographicalArea'' (usually a ''Country'') that has some special characteristic that gives it a character (physical or social) different from the remainder of the ''GeographicalArea'', other than its mere location.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heartland' in WordNet:
         1. heartland - (the central region of a country or continent;
             especially a region that is important to a country or to a culture)

Super-classes CenterOfaGeographicalArea^c

Hearts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hearts`
Description	''Spades'' is one of the four subtypes of ''CardSuit''.
Super-classes	CardSuit^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Heart-TheCard^c

Hearty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hearty

Description

This is an attribute of Actions that exhibit 'Affection''. For People feeling Affectionm us the attribute ''Fond''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cordial' in Wordnet:
          2. cordial, hearty - (showing warm and heartfelt friendliness; 'gave us a cordial reception'; 
               'a hearty welcome')

Super-classes Cordial^c

HeatProductionProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatProductionProcess`
Description	A heat production process such as condensing, freezing, or oxidation.
Super-classes	Emission^c EnergyTransferEvent^c
Sub-classes	Freezing^c BurningFuel^c Oxidation^c Condensing^c

HeatResistant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatResistant

Description

''HeatResistant'' is a property of Objects that can be subjected to heating, especially the temperatures reached in a cooking oven, without enduring any damage. This is commonly an attribute of a ceramic object used for cooking, and for some kinds of glass (e.g. 'Pyrex' *TM).

      No WN sense.

      Online: 'Heat-resistant':
        not easily burned or melted 
          'heat resistant cooking utensils'

Super-classes Resistant^c

HeatUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatUnit`
Description	A ''HeatUnit'' is an ''EnergyUnit'' used to measure quantities of 'ThermalEnergy' ('heat'). `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'energy unit' in WordNet: 1. work unit, heat unit, energy unit - (a unit of measurement for work)`
Super-classes	EnergyUnit^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#therms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#calories http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BTUs

Heated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heated`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'heated' in Wordnet: 2. (2) heated - (marked by emotional heat; vehement; 'a heated argument')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HeatedUp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatedUp

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heated up' in Wordnet:
       1. (6) heated, heated up, het, het up - (made warm or hot ('het' is a dialectal variant of 'heated');
           'a heated swimming pool'; 'wiped his heated-up face with a large bandana';
           'he was all het up and sweaty')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Heath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heath`
Description	A ''Heath'' is an uninhabited ''PlainArea'' where there are some shrubs, but according to WN) not as much Peat as in a 'Moor''. `RHW: 1. a tract of open and uncultivated land; wasteland overgrown with shrubs. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heath' in WordNet: 2. heath, heathland - (a tract of level wasteland; uncultivated land with sandy soil and scrubby vegetation)`
Super-classes	Wasteland^c PlainArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uninhabited^c

HeathOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeathOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Azalea^c CranberryBush^c Rhododendron^c

HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingAndCoolingSomething`
Description	''HeatingAndCoolingSomething'' is a ''Group'' of two sequential actions, being a ''HeatingSomething'' followed by a ''CoolingProcess''. This is the process that is used to cause ''Tempering''.
Super-classes	HeatingProcess^c BecomingEvent^c ActionOnObject^c PurposefulAction^c ActingOnSomething^c OrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value AnnealingGlass^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stronger^c mayCause^op value TemperingSteel^c

HeatingChamber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingChamber`
Description	A ''HeatingChamber'' is a ''Chamber'' designed to hold something that is intended to be heated.
Super-classes	Chamber^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value HeatingSomething^c
Sub-classes	PistonChamber^c Firebox^c

HeatingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$HeatingDevice is a device whose primary function (see the predicate #$primaryFunction) is to generate heat to raise the temperature of something else. The thing being heated might be in gaseous form (for example, the air in a room), in liquid form (for example, the water in a pool), or in solid form (for example, food in an oven). A given instance of #$HeatingDevice typically has some energy input, some way of converting that energy to heat, and some way of delivering the heat to the object(s) to be heated. `SUMO: A Device whose purpose is Heating something, e.g. electric heaters, heat lamps, ovens, stoves, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heater' in WordNet: 1. (1) heater, warmer - (device that heats water or supplies warmth to a room)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	heats^op some (ObjectType^c or Object^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Sub-classes	KitchenRange^c HairDrier^c HeatingElement^c Furnace^c Toaster^c Oven^c AirHeatingDevice^c Autoclave^c Cooktop-Device^c CrockPot^c CookingGrill^c

HeatingElement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingElement`
Description	CYC: A collection of focussed heat producing devices. An instance of #$HeatingElement may be a heating coil, stove top burner, Bunsen burner, etc. Heating elements are among the #$physicalParts of many kinds of heating devices, such as #$Ovens, heaters, toasters, #$CoffeeMakers, etc. `Some ''HeatingElement''s transmit the heat while beneath the object being heated, but not all. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heating element' in WordNet: 1. heating element - (the component of a heater or range that transforms fuel or electricity into heat)`
Super-classes	HeatingDevice^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Sub-classes	StoveBurner^c

HeatingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingFood`
Description	A specialization of #$HeatingProcess and #$PreparingFoodItem. Each instance of #$HeatingFood is an event in which the temperature of an instance of #$Food is intentionally increased.
Super-classes	HeatingProcess^c PreparingFoodItem^c
Restrictions	heats^op some (FoodObjectType^c or FoodObject^c or Food^c or FoodType^c)
Sub-classes	Pasteurization^c

HeatingOil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingOil

Description

CYC: The collection of all instances of heating oil.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heating oil' in WordNet:
         1. fuel oil, heating oil - (a petroleum product used for fuel)

Super-classes PetroleumBasedProduct^c
Oil^c
PetroleumProduct-Refined^c
CombustibleFuelSubstance^c

HeatingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingProcess`
Description	This is the generic Event in which something is heated, i.e. the temperature is raised by some external event. This is an ''Event'', not a FunctionalProcess. This type of Event can be caused naturally or by some internal process, such as radiation (the Sun) or a chemical reaction, for which no 'agent' can be meaningfully identified. For heating by agents, the ''Action''s where an agent intentionally heats a PhysicalObject (and/or including some quantity of substance) use the subtype ''HeatingSomething''. CYC; A specialization of #$TemperatureChangingProcess. During each #$HeatingProcess event, the temperature of the #$objectOfStateChange is increased by applying heat to the object. Any instance of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent in which an object temperature is increased is also an instance of this collection. Corresponds to both transitive (sense 1) and intransitive (sense 4) senses of verb 'heat' in WordNet: 1. (12) heat, heat up - (make hot or hotter; 'the sun heats the oceans'; 'heat the water on the stove') 4. heat, hot up, heat up - (gain heat or get hot; 'The room heated up quickly') WN noun 'heating': 1. (4) heating, warming - (the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature)
Super-classes	TemperatureChangingProcess^c RaisingaValue^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causedChange^op value TemperatureIncrease^c causesIncreaseIn^op value TemperatureMeasure^c heats^op some (ObjectType^c or Object^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c) causedChange^op value TemperatureIncrease^c causes^op value GettingHotter^c causesIncreaseIn^op value Temperature^c
Sub-classes	HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c SearingEvent^c Baking^c HeatingFood^c CookingFood^c Overheating^c Scorching^c GettingHotter^c HeatingSomething^c GlobalWarming^c GlobalWarmingEvent^c

HeatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingSomething`
Description	''HeatingSomething'' is a transitive ''PurposefulAction'' in which an agent does something to cause an Object to increase its temperature. The intransitive 'heating' (a result of this type) is represented by ''GettingHotter'' `NOTE that this is for heating objects - for heating substances use the parent ''HeatingProcess''. This can be used if heating a substance is formulated as heating an Object made of that substance, such as heating an ''AirObject''. For heating something in an oven use ''Baking'' and its subtypes such as ''BakingFood''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'heat' in Wordnet: 1. (12) heat, heat up - (make hot or hotter; 'the sun heats the oceans'; 'heat the water on the stove')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c ActingOnSomething^c BecomingEvent^c HeatingProcess^c
Restrictions	heats^op some owl:Thing^c causes^op value GettingHotter^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Hotter^c
Sub-classes	PreHeating^c Autoclaving^c Boiling^c HeatingWater^c

HeatingWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeatingWater`
Description	''HeatingWater'' is a ''HeatingSomething'' in which the 'something' heated is water.
Super-classes	HeatingSomething^c
Restrictions	heats^op value Water^c hadThingAffected^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	BoilingWater^c

Heaven^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heaven

Description

'Heaven' is a Place that has different interpretations in different religions - so this the the type representing all interpretations of 'heaven'.

       RHW 'Eden': 2.  any delightful region or abode; paradise.
       NOTE: 'Nirvana' in Buddhism (RHW sense 1)  has a different meaning from a typical interpretation of
           'heaven' or 'paradise':  but
        RHW sense 3 comes close: a place or state characterized by freedom from
                  or oblivion to pain, worry, and the external world.

       Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'heaven' in WordNet:
         1. (1) Eden, paradise, Nirvana, heaven, promised land, Shangri-la -
           (any place of complete bliss and delight and peace)
         2. Heaven - (the abode of God and the angels)

Super-classes MythicalPlace^c

Heavenly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heavenly`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heavenly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) celestial, heavenly - (relating to or inhabiting a divine heaven; 'celestial beings'; 'heavenly hosts')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

HeavilyStressedSyllable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeavilyStressedSyllable`
Description	A ''HeavilyStressedSyllable'' is a ''StressedSyllable'' having a ''HeavyStress''
Super-classes	StressedSyllable^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HeavyStress^c

HeavingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeavingAnObject`
Description	The type of actions in which a heavy object is lifted, propelled, or thrown by the force of a body movement. In particular, throwing movements performed with the shoulders or hindquarters, as a horse bucking someone off or a bull tossing someone. (For hurling something using an arm movement, see #$ThrowingAnObject.) `NOTE: This CYC type is reinterpreted here only for people; for people, Heaving requires use of ''BothArms''. Animals bucking would be a different type. Corresponds verb sense 2 and noun sense 6 of 'heave' in WordNet: 2. (3) heave - (throw with great effort) WN noun 'heave': 6. heave, heaving - (throwing something heavy (with great effort); 'he gave it a mighty heave'; 'he was not good at heaving passes')`
Super-classes	Propelling^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value BothArms^c
Sub-classes	Throwing^c

Heavy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heavy`
Description	Heavy is an AttributeValue of an Object that has a mass value greater than the typical object of its class. This can be 'heavy' relative to a typical person's ability to pick something up - greater than 20 pounds; or heavy relative to the typical instance of an ObjectType that is modified by the term. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heavy' in WordNet: 1. (32) heavy - (of comparatively great physical weight or density; 'a heavy load'; 'lead is a heavy metal'; 'heavy mahogany furniture')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Beefy^c Cumbersome^c

Heavy-Duty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heavy-Duty

Description

''Heavy-Duty'' is the Attribute of ''ArtifactObject''s that are resistent to breakage and under conditions of use tend to function longer than those that are light-duty.

       Close to parent ''Durable'' in meaning, but having a stronger construction than the typical
          Artifact of the same type.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heavy-duty' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) heavy-duty - (designed for heavy work; 'a heavy-duty detergent'; 'heavy-duty gloves')

Super-classes Insensitive^c
Durable^c
Tough^c
Strong^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Heavy-Powerful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heavy-Powerful

Description

Heavy-Powerful'' represents the meaning of 'heavy as applied to weapons (more powerful than others in that category). For industry, the term 'heavy has a different meaning, represented by ''Large-scale''.

        Corresponds to part (for military) of adjective sense 3 of 'heavy' in Wordnet:
          3. (5) heavy - (of the military or industry; using (or being) 
            the heaviest and most powerful armaments or weapons or equipment;
            'heavy artillery'; 'heavy infantry'; 'a heavy cruiser'; 'heavy guns'; 
            'heavy industry involves large-scale production of basic products 
            (such as steel) used by other industries')

Super-classes Powerful^c

HeavyBreathing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeavyBreathing`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyperpnea' in WordNet: 1. hyperpnea - (energetic (deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders)`
Super-classes	Breathing^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value ExercisingEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast^c

HeavyCream^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeavyCream

Description

''HeavyCream'' is a ''Cream-Dairy'' with a higher percentage of ''Butterfat''content than regular ''Cream-Dairy''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heavy cream' in WordNet:
          1. heavy cream - (contains more than 36% butterfat)

Super-classes Cream-Dairy^c

HeavyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeavyObject`
Description	A ''HeavyObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is 'Heavy'' in the sense that the average Person will need to exert some effort to lift it. This would be in the range of 20 to 100 pounds of weight. This is not 'heavy' for weight-lifters.
Super-classes	PortableObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Heavy^c

HeavyStress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeavyStress`
Description	Each ''HeavyStress'' is a ''SyllableStress'' in a word that signifies that the ''Syllable'' is pronounced noticeably louder and longer than a ''Syllable'' with a ''LightStress'.
Super-classes	SyllableStress^c

HebrewPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HebrewPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people in ancient times who descended from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and practiced an ancient version of ''Judaism''. Ditinct from a modern ''JewishPerson''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'Hebrew' in RHW: RHW 'Hebrew': 1 a member of the Semitic peoples inhabiting ancient Palestine and claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; an Israelite. This is not identical to a modern 'JewishPerson', though Wordnet does not make a distinction. The difference is not yet formalized other than by making the instances of this type ''DeadPerson''s.. Corresponds to part of (for ancient Hebrews) noun sense 2 of 'Hebrew' in WordNet: 2. Jew, Hebrew, Israelite - (a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties)
Super-classes	DeadPerson^c
Restrictions	believes^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judaism^c isaMemberOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hebrews^c

Hectare^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hectare

Description

A UnitOfMeasure in the metric system.

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hectare' in WordNet:
   1. hectare - ((abbreviated 'ha') a unit of surface area
      equal to 100 ares (or 10,000 square meters))

Super-classes AreaMeasure^c

Hectic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hectic

Description

''Hectic'' is an intensive level of ''Busy '', pertaining both to a Person working at a rapid pace (usually due to external pressures), an of the action itself that is perfomrmed at such a pace.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hectic' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) feverish, hectic - (marked by intense agitation or emotion;
               'worked at a feverish pace')

Super-classes Engrossed^c
Busy^c

HedgeRow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HedgeRow`
Description	A 'HedgeRow' has at least three bushes in it. `CYC 'Hedge': A group of bushes in a line that have been made to grow together into a single long barrier. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hedgerow' in WordNet: 1. (2) hedge, hedgerow - (a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes)`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c RowOfObjects^c BarrierObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 3 hinders^op value PassingThroughOrBySomething^c

HedgingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HedgingAction`
Description	A ''HedgingAction'' is a 'Precaution'' to reduce the risk of some Action that a Person wants to do. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'hedge' in WordNet: 4. hedge - (minimize loss or risk; 'diversify your financial portfolio to hedge price risks'; 'hedge your bets')`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c Precaution^c AvoidanceAction^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value ProbabilityOfLoss^c isAnExecutionOf^op value HedgingTactic^c isAnAttemptToAvoid^op value PersonalLoss^c

HedgingTactic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HedgingTactic`
Description	A ''HedgingTactic'' is a ''Tactic'' (a ''Plan'') to reduce risk (of any kind) .
Super-classes	Method^c Plan^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value HedgingAction^c isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce^op value Safety^c

Hedonist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hedonist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hedonist' in WordNet: 1. hedonist, pagan, pleasure seeker - (someone motivated by desires for sensual pleasures)`
Super-classes	Sensualist^c
Restrictions	enjoys^op value PleasantEvent^c
Sub-classes	Playboy^c

HeeHaw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeeHaw

Description

The 'hee-hawing' ('braying') sound made by a donkey.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hee-haw' in Wordnet:
          1. hee-haw, bray - (braying characteristic of donkeys)
       WN noun 'bray':
         1. bray - (the cry of an ass)

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Heel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heel`
Description	The lower rear part of the Foot. `Cyc: The back area on the bottom of a foot Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heel' in WordNet: 2. (4) heel - (the back part of the human foot)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Foot^c

Hegemonic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hegemonic`
Description	`NOWN sense of'hegemonic'.`
Super-classes	Young^c PertainingAttributeValue^c

Hegemony^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hegemony

Description

''Hegemony'' is a subtype of ''DominatingSomething'' and of 'FormOfGovernment' in which one Country or 'social group' exercises a powerful influence over other Countries or some local soiety, though it does not formally rule or control the whole group of nations or government.

      For a 'social group' perhaps 'WASPs (White Anglo-Saxon Protestants' in the early 1800's
         might be considered one such group.  In business in the early 1900's perhaps white males.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hegemony' in WordNet:
          1. hegemony - (the dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over others; 
             'the hegemony of a single member state is not incompatible with a genuine confederation'; 
             'to say they have priority is not to say they have complete hegemony';
             'the consolidation of the United States' hegemony over a new international economic system')

Super-classes DominatingSomething^c

Heh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heh`
Description	''Heh'' is a ''AudibleSound'' emitted by a ''Chuckle'' action, in which the word 'heh' is emitted, often repeated, as a muted laugh. This may signify that the speaker has gained some kind of advantage over someone, not necessarily present to hear the laugh.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

Height^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Height`
Description	'Height' is the vertical linear dimension of an Object located in a gravitational field. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'height' in WordNet: 1. (15) height, tallness - (the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top)`
Super-classes	Size^c
Sub-classes	Stature^c

HeightMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeightMeasure`
Description	A subtype of LengthMeasure specifying the height, which is a length from the bottom to the top of an object that rests on a surface in a gravitational field. `See also 'Height': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'height' in WordNet: 1. (15) height, tallness - (the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top)`
Super-classes	LengthMeasure^c
In range of	hasHeight^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_3to4feet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LessThan12Feet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_1to12feet

Heightened^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heightened

Description

''Heightened'' is an attribute of something that has been the object of an ''Intensifying'' Event. This is often used with Mental objects or Feelings, such as Fear, Interest, suspense.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intensified' in Wordnet:
          1. intensified - (made more intense; 'the intensified scrutiny of the candidate's background')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Heinous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heinous

Description

''Horrible'' is an attribute value of a ''HumanActivity'' that is so cruel to some other person or animal it provokes feelings of ''Revulsion'' in most observers.

 This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'heinous' and sense 1 of 'atrocious'
      and sense 2 of 'monstrous' in WordNet:
    1. atrocious, flagitious, grievous, heinous, monstrous - (shockingly brutal or cruel; 
     'murder is an atrocious crime'; 'a grievous offense against morality'; 'a grievous crime';
     'no excess was too monstrous for them to commit')

Super-classes Cruel^c
Abominable^c

Heir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heir`
Description	An ''Heir'' is an ''Acquirer'' (a ''Person'') that has acquired an ''Inheritance''. This is for an ''Heir'' who already has inherited something due to the death of another person. For someone who is expected to inherit there should be @ToDo: another type of 'PresumptiveHeir'. `NOTE: non-Person agents (Organizations, Groups, animals) who are willed some Assets are not included in this type. When needed, a different subtype of ''Acquirer'' can be created. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'heir' in WordNet (someone who actually has inherited something): in WordNet: 1. (3) heir, inheritor, heritor - (a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the estate of another)`
Super-classes	Person^c Beneficiary^c
Restrictions	hasRight^op value InheritingProperty^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value InheritingProperty^c performsAction^op value InheritingProperty^c

Heirloom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heirloom`
Description	An ''Heirloom'' is an ''Inheritance'' that has been passed down over more than one generation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heirloom' in WordNet: 2. heirloom - (something that has been in a family for generations)`
Super-classes	Inheritance^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Heir^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inherited^c wasTransferredInEvent^op value InheritingProperty^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Valuable^c

HeldInContempt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeldInContempt`
Description	Having contempt from most members of the community.
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Despised^c

Helical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helical`
Description	'Helical' is the property of a three-dimensional object that is long and thin like a lne, and winds around an axis to create a shape like a Helix, such as the spring of a bed mattress. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'helical' in WordNet: 1. coiling, helical, spiral, spiraling, volute, voluted, whorled, turbinate - (in the shape of a coil)`
Super-classes	Spiral^c
Sub-classes	Curly^c

HelicalSpring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HelicalSpring

Description

A Spring-Device that has a 'Helical' shape, like a bedspring.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'spring' in WordNet:
         3. (31) spring - (a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position
           when pushed or pulled or pressed; 'the spring was broken')

Super-classes EnergySource^c
CoiledObject^c
Spring-Device^c

Helicopter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helicopter

Description

$Helicopter is a specialization of

        #$RotaryWingAircraft and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle.
        Each instance of #$Helicopter is a self-powered mechanical
        device that hovers in the air using a rotary wing.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helicopter' in Wordnet:
        1. helicopter, chopper, whirlybird, eggbeater -
         (an aircraft without wings that obtains its lift from the rotation of overhead blades)

Super-classes RotaryWingAircraft^c
FuelPoweredDevice^c

HelicopterLanding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HelicopterLanding`
Description	A ''HelicopterLanding'' is an ''AircraftLanding'' in which the aircraft is a ''Helicopter''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'landing' in WordNet: 3. landing - (the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); 'the plane made a smooth landing'; 'his landing on his feet was catlike')`
Super-classes	ArrivingAtAPlace^c Descending^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Helicopter^c

HelicopterTakeoff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HelicopterTakeoff`
Description	A ''HelicopterTakeoff'' is an ''AircraftTakeoff'' inwhich the aircraft is a ''Helicopter''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'takeoff' in WordNet: 2. takeoff - (the initial ascent of an airplane as it becomes airborne)`
Super-classes	AircraftTakeoff^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Helicopter^c

Heliport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heliport`
Description	CYC: An area specifically designated for the takeoff and landing of helicopters. `NOTE: this can be a relatively small area, including spaces on the top of the roof of some buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heliport' in WordNet: 1. heliport - (an airport for helicopters)`
Super-classes	Airport-Physical^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Helicopter^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HelicopterTakeoff^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HelicopterLanding^c

Helium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helium`
Description	The element with two protons in each nucleus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helium' in Wordnet: 1. (16) helium, He, atomic number 2 - (a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gases; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas))`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c
Restrictions	consistsOfManyOf^op value HeliumAtom^c

HeliumAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeliumAtom`
Description	One atom of Hydrogen; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes.
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Helium^c

HeliumNucleus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeliumNucleus`
Description	An AtomicNucleus from a Helium atom - when emitted by a radioactive substance it is an ''AlphaRay''.
Super-classes	AtomicNucleus^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Neutron^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value HeliumAtom^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Proton^c
Sub-classes	AlphaRay^c

Helix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helix`
Description	A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Spiral. This is the collection of all helices, whether spatially-localized or abstract. In each instance of #$Helix, at least one three-dimensional curve has one or more turns about an axis, moving linearly in the general direction parallel to the axis. Thus a helix can fit on the surface of a cylinder. Examples of helices include #$DNAMolecules and the frieze on #$TrajansColumn. `This is not necessarily a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helix' in WordNet: 1. helix, spiral - (a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle)`
Super-classes	SpiralObject^c TwistedObject^c LongAndThinObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Helical^c
Sub-classes	Rifling^c

Hell^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hell

Description

''Hell'' is a Place that has different interpretations in different religions, but it is generally a place of punishment for bad deeds in one's earthly life, and is ruled (in Christian tradition) by ''Satan'' or some equivalent.

       @ToDo: This is a type - perhaps should be an instance?

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hell' in Wordnet:
          3. Hell, perdition, Inferno, infernal region, nether region, pit -
           ((Christianity) the abode of Satan and the forces of evil; where sinners suffer 
             eternal punishment; 'Hurl'd headlong...To bottomless perdition, there to dwell'- John Milton;
             'a demon from the depths of the pit')

Super-classes MythicalPlace^c

Helm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helm`
Description	The ''Helm'' is the device on a ''Vessel'' (a large ''Boat'' that steers the vessel. It is connected to the ''Rudder'', perhaps through a series of connections or an electrical connection, and may also cotrol other devices for steering a large ship, such as side propellers. This type includes the cabin in which the steering mechanism is located. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helm' in WordNet: 1. (1) helm - (steering mechanism for a vessel; a mechanical device by which a vessel is steered)`
Super-classes	VehicleController^c SteeringDevice^c Lever^c Device-UserControlled^c
Restrictions	steers^op value Vessel^c isUsedInAction^op value SteeringaShip^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Vessel^c isAttachedTo^op value Rudder^c

Helmet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helmet

Description

The kind of Hat that is Solid and Hard. This type includes both the helmet worn by soldiers and the one used in sports such as Football.

       Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'helmet' in WordNet:
          1. helmet - (armor plate that protects the head)
         2. helmet - (a protective headgear made of hard material to resist blows)

Super-classes Hat^c

Helmsman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helmsman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helmsman' in WordNet: 1. helmsman, steersman, steerer - (the person who steers a ship)`
Super-classes	Sailor^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SteeringaShip^c

Helper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helper`
Description	A ''Helper'' is someone who assists another agent in some way. This is very general. The agent helped can be an Organization or Group. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helper' in WordNet: 1. (1) assistant, helper, help, supporter - (a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose; 'my invaluable assistant'; 'they hired additional help to finish the work')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value HelpingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Accomplice^c Representative^c Facilitator^c First-Aider^c Rescuer^c Prompter^c Benefactor^c Subordinate^c Attender^c

Helpful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helpful`
Description	An attribute of people, situations, or events, or devices that can at least potentially assist an agent to achieve its goals. This is an EvaluativeAttribute, relative to a particular agent or to specific goals. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'helpful' in WordNet: 1. (9) helpful - (providing assistance or serving a useful function) 2. (5) helpful - (of service or assistance; 'a child who is helpful around the house can save the mother many steps')`
Super-classes	Salient^c Beneficial^c
Sub-classes	Constructive^c Supportive^c Wholesome^c Lifesaving^c Implemental^c Right-Hand^c

HelpingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HelpingAnAgent`
Description	COSMO note: HelpingAnAgent can include actions such as lending money, helping someone get into a desired position. It is not necessarily direct assistance in performing some Action, but can be any Action to help an Agent achieve some goal of the Agent. The restriction requires that each instance of 'HelpingAnAgent' specify the agent who the Action was intended to help. Incidental beneficiaries are not related by the 'hadAgentHelped' relation. Cyc: A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$HelpingAnAgent is an event in which some agent (see the collection #$Agent) helps another agent, either by doing something that directly benefits that agent, or by preventing something that would harm that agent. Notable specializations of #$HelpingAnAgent include #$RescuingSomeone, #$ReliefOperation, and #$ServiceEvent. NOTE: the term 'abet' is used in COSMO only for 'a Includes Wordnet verb senses 1 of 'help' and 1 of 'assist' and includes noun sense 1 of 'assistance' and noun sense 1 of 'help': in WordNet: 1. (811) help, assist, aid - (give help or assistance; be of service; 'Everyone helped out during the earthquake'; 'Can you help me carry this table?'; 'She never helps around the house') WN noun 'assistance': 1. (28) aid, assist, assistance, help - (the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose; 'he gave me an assist with the housework'; 'could not walk without assistance'; 'rescue party went to their aid'; 'offered his help in unloading') WN verb 'abet' in WordNet: 1. (3) abet - (assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing)
Super-classes	HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c SocialOccurrence^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op only GenericAgent^c isPerformedBy^op value Helper^c
Sub-classes	WiseAct^c ProvidingMonetarySupport^c ServiceEvent^c TrainingAnAnimal^c AssistingaManager^c ProvidingEmergencyRelief^c CoachingAthletes^c HiringAnAgent^c ProvidingClothing^c SelfHelp^c ActOfKindness^c AnimalHusbandry^c TakingCareOfaPerson^c AdoptingaFamilyMember^c RaisingChildren^c Rescuing^c Mediating^c AbettingaCrime^c HelpingaBride^c
In domain of	hadAgentHelped^op

HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HelpingSomethingDoSomething`
Description	'HelpingSomethingDoSomething' is a broad category of Actions in which some Agent assists an organism, or even an object, to perform some Event or achieve some Goal. This will mostly be used for assistance to people, but cultivating plants or even providing some help to a device to perform its function would be an instance. For helping people, use the more specific 'HelpingAnAgent' and its subtypes. @ToDo: 'facilitation' by a situation is not included: how to represent? perhaps parent property of 'wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent'? Relation to catalyst/catalyze? Situations that help or facilitate or make possible? 'aid' from Omega: examples: Better sewage systems aid in the fight against cholera. Huge projects designed to aid poorer countries can sometimes do more harm than good. His excuse for drinking brandy is that it's said to aid digestion. I believe this fellowship will aid me in all of my academic research pursuits. The services provided aided the patient in reducing his chronic pain syndrome. Omega: wn version="2.1" -> 1,2 omega: aid.01 vn: help-72-1 Includes verb sense 1 of 'help' in WordNet, and sense 1 of 'facilitate' and noun sense 1 of 'help'; these senses require an agent as facilitator. For the instrumental helping or facilitating, use 'wasFacilitatedByInstrument' in WordNet: 1. (811) help, assist, aid - (give help or assistance; be of service; 'Everyone helped out during the earthquake'; Can you help me carry this table?; She never helps around the house) WN 'facilitate' sense 1: 1. (5) facilitate, ease, alleviate - (make easier; 'you could facilitate the process by sharing your knowledge') WN noun 'help': 1. (345) aid, assist, assistance, help - (the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose; 'he gave me an assist with the housework'; 'could not walk without assistance'; 'rescue party went to their aid'; 'offered his help in unloading')
Super-classes	Facilitating^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Sub-classes	PromotingSomething^c ConducingToSomething^c HelpingAnAgent^c Nurturing^c HelpingaBride^c

HelpingaBride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HelpingaBride`
Description	''HelpingaBride'' is the function of a ''Bridesmaid'' and any others who assist a ''Bride'' to prepare for her ''WeddingCeremony''.
Super-classes	Benefiting^c HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c HelpingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value Bridesmaid^c hadAgentHelped^op some GenericAgent^c

Helpless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helpless

Description

This type covers the various senses of 'unable', leaving the sutypes for future expansion.

     Includes the three adjective senses 1, 2, and 3  of 'unable' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) helpless, incapacitated - (lacking in or deprived 
             of strength or power; 'lying ill and helpless'; 'helpless with laughter')
     2. (3) helpless, lost - (unable to function; without help)
         3. (1) helpless - (unable to manage independently; 'as helpless as a baby')

Super-classes Unable^c

Helplessly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helplessly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'helplessly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) helplessly, impotently, unable to help - (in a helpless manner; 'the crowd watched him helplessly')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Helplessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Helplessness`
Description	''Helplessness'' is the Quality of an IntentionalAgent that is in some difficulty and does not have the abillity to escape. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helplessness' in WordNet: 1. (1) helplessness, weakness, impuissance - (powerlessness revealed by an inability to act; 'in spite of their weakness the group remains highly active') SolidObject (or of a substance of which such`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Helpless^c

HelterSkelter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HelterSkelter`
Description	NOTE: the sense 2 of 'chaotic' in WordNet matches the intended meaning here,but so does the term 'helter-skelter' though sense 2 of 'helter-skelter' in WN seems to require hurried motions, which is not a necessary accompaniment of unorganize Actions or motions; the sense of disorganization of hurried human movements is represented by ''PellMell''. This type characterizes unhurried Actions and movements, while the subattribute ''PellMell'' represents hurried disorganized human movements. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'helter-skelter' in Wordnet: 1. chaotic, helter-skelter - (lacking a visible order or organization)
Super-classes	Unordered^c
Sub-classes	PellMell^c

Hem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hem`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hem' in WordNet: 1. (3) hem - (lap that forms a cloth border doubled back and stitched down)
Super-classes	LayeredObject^c FabricObject^c Flap^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Hemming^c isAtTheEndOf^op value ClothingItem^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sewn^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Layer^c

Hematite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hematite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hematite' in WordNet: 1. hematite, haematite - (the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form)`
Super-classes	IronOre^c

Hematologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hematologist`
Description	A hematologist is a doctor who wpecializes in the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hematologist' in WordNet: 1. hematologist, haematologist - (a doctor who specializes in diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value BloodDisease^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Blood^c

Hemisphere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hemisphere`
Description	This is an abstract shape, not a physical Object. CYC: A specialization of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing and #$RoundObject. Each instance of #$Hemisphere is half of a sphere, obtainable by slicing a sphere along a great circle. Examples include spatially localized objects (such as the halves of a grapefruit) as well as abstract hemispheres. Contrast with #$GeographicalHemisphere, whose instances are geographical regions and thus not geometrical hemispheres; they are halves of the Earth's surface rather than of the Earth itself. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hemisphere' in WordNet: 2. hemisphere - (half of a sphere)`
Super-classes	ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c RoundObject^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value Sphere^c

Hemming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hemming`
Description	sew, run up, sew together, stitch Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hem' in WordNet: 1. hem - (fold over and sew together to provide with a hem; 'hem my skirt')
Super-classes	Sewing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value ClothingItem^c produces^op value Hem^c

Hemoglobin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hemoglobin`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemoglobin' in WordNet: 1. (4) hemoglobin, haemoglobin, Hb - (a hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; function primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues; 'fish have simpler hemoglobin than mammals')`
Super-classes	Protein^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value Blood^c hasColor^op value Red^c

Hemophilia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hemophilia`
Description	A sex-linked hereditary blood defect almost exclusively of males characterized by delayed clotting of the blood and consequent difficulty in controlling bleeding, even after minor injuries. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemophilia' in WordNet: 1. hemophilia, haemophilia, bleeder's disease - (congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son)`
Super-classes	GeneticDisorder^c BloodDisease^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Bleeding^c

Hemostat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hemostat`
Description	CYC: A clamp-like instrument that is used to stop bleeding. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemostat' in WordNet: 1. hemostat, haemostat - (a surgical instrument that stops bleeding by clamping the blood vessel)`
Super-classes	SurgicalInstrument^c GrippingTool^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value StauchingBleeding^c

Hemp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hemp`
Description	A fibrous Substance derived from the Hemp plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemp' in WordNet: 1. hemp - (a plant fiber)`
Super-classes	FibrousSubstance^c PlantProduct^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value HempPlant^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Cellulose^c

HempFamily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HempFamily`
Description	A #$BiologicalFamily of #$Plants within the #$NettleOrder, with #$taxonMembers including the #$BiologicalGenus #$Cannabis and the #$BiologicalSpecies #$HempPlant.
Super-classes	CropPlant^c Plant-NonWoody^c NettleOrder^c
Sub-classes	Cannabis^c

HempPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HempPlant`
Description	Hemp, or industrial hemp, typically found in the northern hemisphere, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products. It is one of the fastest growing plants and was one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 10,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items including paper, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cannabis' in WordNet: 2. cannabis, hemp - (any plant of the genus Cannabis; a coarse bushy annual with palmate leaves and clusters of small green flowers; yields tough fibers and narcotic drugs)
Super-classes	Plant^c TerrestrialOrganism^c Cannabis^c
Sub-classes	MarijuanaPlant^c

Hen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hen`
Description	The adult female of any GallinaceousBird. For the adult female Chicken use subtype 'DomesticHen'. `Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'hen' in WordNet, restricted to GallinaceousBirds: in WordNet: 2. (1) hen - (adult female bird)`
Super-classes	AdultAnimal^c GallinaceousBird^c FemaleAnimal^c
Sub-classes	DomesticHen^c

HenceforthAdverb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HenceforthAdverb`
Description	''Henceforth'' is a type of 'TimeAdverb' meaning that the assertiofollowing occurs after the sentence is spoken, and into the indefinite future. There are several words and phrases that express this meaning (the words are instances): henceforth henceforward from now on from this time forth from this time forward in the future `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'henceforth' in WordNet: 1. (2) henceforth, henceforward - (from this time forth; from now on; 'henceforth she will be known as Mrs. Smith')`
Super-classes	TimeAdverb^c
Sub-classes	Hereafter^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#henceforward http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#from_this_time_forth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#in_the_future http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#henceforth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#from_this_time_forward http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#from_now_on

Henchman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Henchman`
Description	A ''Henchman'' is an ''Accomplice''who helps another Person perform a literal crime. This term can also be used figuratively for someone helping in an Action that is disapproved by someone else. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'henchman' in WordNet: 1. confederate, collaborator, henchman, partner in crime - (someone who assists in a plot)`
Super-classes	Accomplice^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AbettingaCrime^c

Henna^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Henna

Description

''Henna'' is a ''HairColoring'' that is also used for temporary dyeing of the skin with decorative patterns, common in India and Indian communities in the USA.

     RHW 'henna':
       1.  an Asian shrub or small tree, Lawsonia inermis, of the loosestrife family,
                   having elliptic leaves and fragrant flowers.
   2.  a reddish-orange dye or cosmetic made from the leaves of this plant.
       3.  a color midway between red-brown and orange-brown.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'henna' in WordNet:
          1. henna - (a reddish brown dye used especially on hair)

Super-classes HairColoring^c

Henry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Henry

Description

SI inductance measure. Symbol: H. One Henry is equivalent to one Volt divided by one Ampere per 'OneSecond'. If a current changing at the rate of one Ampere per 'OneSecond' induces an electromotive force of one Volt, the circuit has an inductance of one Henry. Henry = Wb/A = m^2kgs^(-2)*A^(-2).

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'henry' in Wordnet:
      1. henry, H - (a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force 
      of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

HensEgg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HensEgg`
Description	The intact ''Egg'' of a ''DomesticHen'', complete with shell after and having been expelled from the bird's body and the surface hardened.
Super-classes	BirdsEgg^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value DomesticHen^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 9.0^c
Sub-classes	RottenEgg^c HardBoiledEgg^c

Hepatitis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hepatitis`
Description	This includes viral Hepatitis as well as that caused by toxic substances. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'hepatitis' in WordNet: 1. (1) hepatitis - (inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin)`
Super-classes	Inflammation^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Liver^c

Heptagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heptagon`
Description	A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all seven-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heptagon' in WordNet: 1. heptagon - (a seven-sided polygon)`
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 7^c

Herald^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herald`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herald' in WordNet: 1. (1) herald, trumpeter - ((formal) a person who announces important news; 'the chieftain had a herald who announced his arrival with a trumpet')`
Super-classes	Announcer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Announcing^c

Heralding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heralding`
Description	''Heralding'' is a type of ''Indicating'' in which some Event (a ''Harbinger'') implies the subsequent occurrence of some other Event. `Corresponds to veb sense 1 of 'herald' in WordNet: 1. (1) announce, annunciate, harbinger, foretell, herald - (foreshadow or presage)`
Super-classes	Indicating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Harbinger^c signifies^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)

HerbPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerbPlant`
Description	This is the collection of herb plants (not types). Note that #$Herb-HumanUse is not an #$OrganismClassificationType, though it contains some whole herb plants, since it mostly contains those plant parts which are in fact used by humans. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herb' in Wordnet: 1. (1) herb, herbaceous plant - (a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests)`
Super-classes	VascularPlant^c
Sub-classes	SugarcanePlant^c ParsnipPlant^c BasilPlant^c Coriander^c Ginseng^c TurnipPlant^c RadishPlant^c Canna^c GraminaceousPlant^c Milkweed^c CabbagePlant^c CeleryPlant^c EggplantPlant^c Clover^c SpinachPlant^c ParsleyPlant^c ThymePlant^c Sesame^c CuminPlant^c Geranium^c AsparagusPlant^c PineapplePlant^c EggplantBush^c Origanum^c LicoricePlant^c FennelPlant^c Teasel^c LettucePlant^c CarrotPlant^c CruciferousPlant^c TeaPlant^c RosemaryPlant^c OatPlant^c

HerbSeasoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerbSeasoning`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'herb' in WordNet: 2. (1) herb - (aromatic potherb used in cookery for its savory qualities)`
Super-classes	Seasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value HerbPlant^c
Sub-classes	Basil^c Rosemary^c Thyme^c Parsley^c Oregano^c Chives^c

Herbal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herbal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'herbal' in Wordnet: 1. herbal - (of or relating to herbs; 'herbal tea, herbal medicine')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

HerbalMedicine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerbalMedicine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herbal medicine' in WordNet: 1. herbal medicine - (a medicine made from plants and used to prevent or treat disease or promote health)`
Super-classes	ConsumableProduct^c DrugSubstance^c

Herbicide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herbicide`
Description	A ''Herbicide'' can kill plants, Some are more specific to certain types of plants. This is themost general type, more specifc types can be subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herbicide' in WordNet: 1. herbicide, weedkiller, weed killer - (a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth)`
Super-classes	ToxicSubstance^c
Restrictions	canKill^op value Plant^c

Herbivore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herbivore`
Description	A specialization of #$Animal. An animal is an instance of #$Herbivore just in case it is an animal whose natural diet consists exclusively of plants or plant parts. (Thus a horse that was forced or conditioned by humans to eat meat would still be a herbivore, since meat is not part of its natural diet.) Notable specializations of #$Herbivore include the collections #$Ruminant and #$EquineAnimal. `COSMO note: SUMO restricts this type to Mammals,but Cyc is broader and COSMO adopts the broader interpretation. SUMO: A plant-eating Mammal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herbivore' in WordNet: 1. herbivore - (any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants; 'horses are herbivores'; 'the sauropod dinosaurs were apparently herbivores')`
Super-classes	Vegetarian^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Herbivorous^c feedsOn^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	Hippopotamus^c HerdAnimal^c Ruminant^c EquineAnimal^c Sloth^c Ox^c

Herbivorous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herbivorous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'herbivorous' in Wordnet: 1. herbivorous - (feeding only on plants)`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c

Herd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herd`
Description	A Herd is a Group of which each component element is a HerdAnimal. `Corresponds to noun sense a and part of senses 2 of 'herd' in WordNet, but WordNet sense 2 includes whales, which are not 'herd animals' in the sense used in COSMO. Whale and seal groups will have different names (e.g. 'pod') when required. in WordNet: 1. (5) herd - (a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans) 2. (2) herd - (a group of wild mammals of one species that remain together: antelope or elephants or seals or whales or zebra)`
Super-classes	GroupOfBeasts^c ClusterOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only HerdAnimal^c
Sub-classes	FlockOfSheep^c HerdOfCattle^c

HerdAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerdAnimal`
Description	A subcollection of #$Animal; the collection of all large plant-eating animals that travel and graze in social groups. Instances of #$HerdAnimal also belong to #$Herbivore; most instances of #$Ruminant are also instances of #$HerdAnimal.
Super-classes	AirBreathingVertebrate^c Herbivore^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Deer^c DomesticCattle^c Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal^c Antelope^c Bull-MaleHerdAnimal^c Goat^c Sheep^c Bovine^c

HerdOfCattle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerdOfCattle`
Description	A ''HerdOfCattle'' is a ''Group'' of ''DomesticCattle'' that are owned by one owner, usually a ''Rancher'' (which could be a corporation??). `Corresponds to part (for domestic cattle only) noun sense 1 of 'herd' in WordNet: 1. (5) herd - (a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans)`
Super-classes	CollectiveAgent^c Herd^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only DomesticCattle^c isOwnedBy^op only Rancher^c

Herder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herder`
Description	This is for anyone who is tending animals in a field or on a range, not necessarily a 'drover' who is roundig up or driving animals. `NOte that a ''Ranch'' is considered a subtype of ''Farm''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'herder' in WordNet: 2. herder, herdsman, drover - (someone who drives a herd)`
Super-classes	UnskilledWorker^c BlueCollarWorker^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value FarmAnimal^c typicallyWorksAt^op value Farm^c
Sub-classes	Shepherd^c

HerdingAnimals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerdingAnimals`
Description	''HerdingAnimals'' is a ''GuidingAMovingObject'' where the thing guided is a Mammal that can be 'herded' (driven in a particular direction) by people or dogs (as are sheep). Most commonly used for Cattle. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'herd' in WordNet: 3. herd - (keep, move, or drive animals; 'Who will be herding the cattle when the cowboy dies?')`
Super-classes	GuidingAMovingObject^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Mammal^c or AnimalType^c or GroupOfBeasts^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	Wrangling^c HerdingCattle^c HerdingSheep^c

HerdingCattle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerdingCattle`
Description	''HerdingCattle'' is a ''HerdingAnimals'' where the thing directed is a ''HerdOfCattle'', or sometimes a ''GroupOfHorses'' - what ''Wrangler''s tend). The Person doing this is not always a ''Cowboy'' but that is one of the stereotypical agents of this action. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'herd' in WordNet: 3. herd - (keep, move, or drive animals; 'Who will be herding the cattle when the cowboy dies?')`
Super-classes	HerdingAnimals^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Cowboy^c hadThingAffected^op some CattleOrHorses^c

HerdingSheep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerdingSheep`
Description	''HerdingSheep'' is a ''HerdingAnimals'' where the thing directed is a herd of ''Sheep''. `Corresponds to part (for sheep) verb sense 3 of 'herd' in WordNet: 3. herd - (keep, move, or drive animals; 'Who will be herding the cattle when the cowboy dies?')`
Super-classes	HerdingAnimals^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Sheep^c isPerformedBy^op value Shepherd^c

Hereafter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hereafter`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'hereafter' in WordNet: 3. hereafter - (following this in time or order or place; after this; "hereafter you will no longer receive an allowance")`
Super-classes	HenceforthAdverb^c

Hereditary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hereditary

Description

''Hereditary'' is an AttributeValue of traits or qualities or attributes indicating that they were acquired at birth by genetic inheritance (''InheritingGenes'').

      Corresponds to adjective  sense 1 of 'hereditary' in WordNet:
          1. (2) familial, genetic, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible -
              (tending to occur among members of a family usually by heredity;
              'an inherited disease'; 'familial traits'; 'genetically transmitted features')

Super-classes Genetic^c
Innate^c

HereditaryTrait^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HereditaryTrait

Description

A ''HereditaryTrait'' is a BiologicalFunction that is a Capability (an attribute) of some form of life. It is acquired in the PhysiologicalProcess called ''InheritingGenes''.

   A ''Capability'' is usually  'realized' (''wasRealizedByAction'') by peforming the
     action that that Capability enables.  This most general type of ''HereditaryTrait''
     is only realized in the abilty to transmit genes.  This type is used  (Rev1327) as 
     a parent type of individual ''Capabilities'' but perhaps should be a separate
     Cabability ('the ability to pass on and inherit genes')

    COSMO note: A Function is a capability inherent in an Artifact or naturally
     evolved System, which may be realized in a physical Event or Action.

     This is a subtype of ''Cability'' and the subtypes represents those ''Capabilities' that
      are inherited genetically rather than being acquired during development, growth or maturation.

     The relation between this capability and the actual physical
      action is 'wasRealizedByAction'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inheritance' and noun sense 2 of 'heredity' in WordNet:
        3. inheritance, hereditary pattern - ((genetics) attributes acquired 
        via biological heredity from the parents)
      WN noun 'heredity':
        2. heredity, genetic endowment - (the total of inherited attributes)

Super-classes BiologicalFunction^c

Heresy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heresy`
Description	''Heresy'' is a religious 'Belief'' that differs from some accepted (''Orthodox'') ''Belief''s that are part of the traditional set of beliefs that are accepted and approved by the religious ''Authority''s of that religion. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heresy' in WordNet: 2. heresy, unorthodoxy - (a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion)`
Super-classes	ReligiousOrMoralBelief^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value ReligiousDoctrine^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unorthodox^c

Heritage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heritage`
Description	A ''Heritage'' is the ''Custom''s and ''Knowledge'' or other immaterial possessions that are inherited from one's ancestors, not necessarily practised by a large group. `@ToDo: relate to ''InheritingSomething'' ?relation to ''Knowledge''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heritage' in WordNet: 1. (6) heritage - (practices that are handed down from the past by tradition; 'a heritage of freedom') 2. (2) inheritance, heritage - (any attribute or immaterial possession that is inherited from ancestors; 'my only inheritance was my mother's blessing'; 'the world's heritage of knowledge')`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c Custom^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Knowledge^c hasSubEvent^op some CulturalPractice^c

Hermaphrodite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hermaphrodite

Description

Any plant or animal possessing both male and female reproductive organs, as well as secondary sexual characteristics and functions.

        NOTE that the WN synset is specifi for people,but this type
          is broader, including any kind of animal or plant having
          both male and female organs.

        Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'hermaphrodite' in WordNet:
          1. hermaphrodite, intersex, gynandromorph, androgyne, 
             epicine, epicine person - (one having both male and 
             female sexual characteristics and organs; at birth an 
             unambiguous assignment of male or female cannot be made)

Super-classes Organism^c

Hermetic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hermetic

Description

''Hermetic'' is the attribute of containers that have been made thotoughy tight and unable to leak fluid in or out, due to being subjected to some careful ''SealingSomething'' Action. This term applies to the seal itself as well as to the container thus sealed.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hermetic' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) hermetic - (completely sealed; completely airtight)

Super-classes Leakproof^c

Hermit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hermit`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hermit' in WordNet: 2. hermit, recluse, solitary, solitudinarian, troglodyte - (one who lives in solitude)`
Super-classes	Individualist^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value LivingAlone^c

Hernia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hernia`
Description	A condition where an organ protrudes through an opening in the tissue. Often occurs in the bowels, the lungs and brain. `RHW 'rupture': 4. Pathol. hernia, esp. abdominal hernia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hernia' in WordNet: 1. hernia, herniation - (rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes)`
Super-classes	InjuryCondition^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Rupturing^c
Sub-classes	InguinalHernia^c

Hero^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hero

Description

A ''Man'' renowned (in some circles) for an exceptional deed. The parent type ''GenericHero'' is for both males and females, and this is restricted to males.

       Coresponds to the male interpretation of noun sense 1 of 'hero' in Wordnet:
           1. (19) hero - (a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength; 
            'RAF pilots were the heroes of the Battle of Britain')

Super-classes MalePerson^c
GenericHero^c

Heroic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heroic

Description

Someone or some deed that is ''Heroic'' is exceptionally ''Courageous''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'heroic' in Wordnet:
       3. (2) heroic, heroical - (having or displaying qualities appropriate for heroes; 
         'the heroic attack on the beaches of Normandy'; 'heroic explorers')

Super-classes Courageous^c

HeroicDeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeroicDeed`
Description	A 'HeroicDeed' is any Action that is notable and exceptionally Good (contrast ''EvilDeed''). This does not have to be in military or sports fields, a notable scientific accomplishment requiring great effort that has positive effects on people can also qualify. `RHW 'heroism': 2. heroic conduct; courageous action: Pat's returning into the burning building was true heroism. No obvious WN sense for this type.`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Extraordinary^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value GenericHero^c hasAttributeValue^op value Remarkable^c

Heroin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heroin`
Description	CYC: a white, #$Crystalline, narcotic #$Powder, derived from #$Morphine, formerly used as an #$Analgesic and sedative. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heroin' in WordNet: 1. heroin, diacetylmorphine - (a narcotic that is considered a hard drug; a highly addictive morphine derivative; intravenous injection provides the fastest and most intense rush)`
Super-classes	AddictiveSubstance^c IllegalDrug^c Alkaloid^c NarcoticDrug^c Stimulant^c PsychoactiveAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Morphine^c

Heroine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heroine

Description

A woman renowned (in some circles) for an exceptional deed. The parent type ''Hero'' is for both males and females, and this is restricted to females.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heroine' in WordNet:
          2. heroine - (a woman possessing heroic qualities or a woman who has performed heroic deeds)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
GenericHero^c

Heron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heron`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heron' in WordNet: 2. heron - (grey or white wading bird with long neck and long legs and (usually) long bill)`
Super-classes	WadingBird^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongLegged^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongNecked^c
Sub-classes	Egret^c

Herpes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herpes`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herpes' in WordNet: 1. herpes - (viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous membrane)`
Super-classes	ViralInfection^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value Herpes-Virus^c
Sub-classes	Shingles^c

Herpes-Virus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herpes-Virus`
Description	A specialization of #$DNAVirus and a collection of #$VirusTypes including those that cause #$Herpes, coldsores and chickenpox. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herpes virus' in WordNet: 1. herpes, herpes virus - (any of the animal viruses that cause painful blisters on the skin)`
Super-classes	DNAVirus^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value Herpes^c
Sub-classes	HerpesZosterVirus^c

HerpesZosterVirus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HerpesZosterVirus`
Description	Also called 'varicella zoster virus'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herpes zoster virus' in WordNet: 1. herpes zoster, herpes zoster virus - (a herpes virus that causes shingles)`
Super-classes	Herpes-Virus^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value Shingles^c

Herring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herring`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'herring' in WordNet: 2. herring, Clupea harangus - (commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific)`
Super-classes	EdibleFish^c Fish^c

Herstory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Herstory

Description

''Herstory'' is a term used by feminists to refer to ''History'', with some undefined perspective with greater emphass on women.

  RHW 'herstory':
     history (used esp. in feminist literature and in women's studies 
     as an alternative form to distinguish or emphasize the particular experience of women).

Super-classes History^c

Hesitant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hesitant`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'hesitant' in Wordnet: 2. groping, hesitant - (acting with uncertainty or hesitance or lack of confidence; "a groping effort to understand")`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Hesitating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hesitating`
Description	'Hesitating'' is a ''Delaying'' includes some degree of being undecided, wavering between doing and not doing something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hesitate' in WordNet: 1. (16) hesitate, waver, waffle - (pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness; 'Authorities hesitate to quote exact figures') WN noun 'hesitation' 1. (4) hesitation, vacillation, wavering - (indecision in speech or action) WN verb 'vacillate;: 1. hover, vibrate, vacillate, oscillate - (be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action; 'He oscillates between accepting the new position and retirement')
Super-classes	Delaying^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Uncertainty^c

HeteroPolymer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeteroPolymer`
Description	A type of Polymer (substance) which is composed of more than one type of constituent monomer unit. Cyc: The collection of all #$Polymers whose instances are characterized by having more than one type of #$Monomer as #$polymericSubComponents. More specifically, if HET is an instance of #$HeteroPolymer, then there are least two different #$Monomers such that both are #$polymericSubComponents of HET and each is an instance of a different spec of #$Monomer.
Super-classes	Polymer^c
Sub-classes	Enzyme^c Protein^c

Heterogeneity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heterogeneity`
Description	''Heterogeneity'' is a sutype of ''Diversity'', the quality of being ''Heterogeneous'', i.e. having objects of momre than two different type. `RHW 'heterogeneity' : the quality or state of being heterogeneous; composition from dissimilar parts; disparateness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heterogeneity' in WordNet: 1. heterogeneity, heterogeneousness - (the quality of being diverse and not comparable in kind)`
Super-classes	Diversity^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Heterogeneous^c

HeterogeneityAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeterogeneityAttribute`
Description	'HeterogeneityAttribute' is an AttributeType pertaining to groups of things. The values of this AttributeType specify the degree of variation the Group has, with respect to either having some AttributeValue or belonging to some type. The values of this AttributeType are instances of the type 'GroupVariation'.
Super-classes	GroupAttribute^c

Heterogeneous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heterogeneous`
Description	'Heterogeneous' is an AttributeValue of Objects, Events, and Groups that asserts that different parts (physical part for Objects, temporal part for Events, element for Groups) are of different types from each other. This does not preclude that some of the individual parts are of the same type with other parts, but there should be at least three relevant types implied by this attribute `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heterogeneous'' in WordNet: 1. (5) heterogeneous, heterogenous - (consisting of elements that are not of the same kind or nature; 'the population of the United States is vast and heterogeneous')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Diverse^c Clastic^c

HeterogeneousCategory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeterogeneousCategory`
Description	HeterogeneousCategory is a catch-all of classes that subsume other classes of varied basic types. Among other things, it is a mechanism for assigning qualitative adjectives that may apply to more than one basic type (like 'dangerous'), and to provide a parent aggregate Type for some relations. These subtypes may also be defined functionally,and may include entities of different innate character.
Super-classes	Individual^c
Sub-classes	FreeThing^c NuclearRelatedThing^c CulturalThing^c

HeterogeneousGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeterogeneousGroup`
Description	A ''HeterogeneousGroup'' is a Group whose elements have some salient attribute that is not the same for all members. Classification in this type of Group depends on the perspective and intentons of the observer or classifier, but should specify some non-common attribute that differs among the members; the criterion for aserting 'heterogeneity' can be specifid by the restriction ''withRespectTo''.
Super-classes	Group^c HomogeneousThing^c
Restrictions	withRespectTo^op some owl:Class^c

Heterosexual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heterosexual

Description

''Heterosexual'' does not necessarily mean that the person so characterized never has sexual relations with someone of the same sex. This is for the predominant sexual orientation.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heterosexual' in Wordnet:
          1. heterosexual - (sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HeterosexualHuman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeterosexualHuman

Description

CYC: The collection of people who are sexually attracted primarily to members of the opposite sex.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heterosexual' in WordNet:
          1. heterosexual, heterosexual person, straight person, straight - 
             (a heterosexual person; someone having a sexual orientation
             to persons of the opposite sex)

Super-classes HumanRole^c

Heterotroph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heterotroph`
Description	A specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$Heterotroph is an organism incapable of manufacturing organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials. All instances of #$Animal are instances of #$Heterotroph, since animals must eat other living things, or parts of living things, in order to get the nutrients they need to live. Other specializations of #$Heterotroph include #$ParasiticOrganism and #$Fungus. Cf. #$Autotroph. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heterotroph' in WordNet: 1. heterotroph - (an organism that depends on complex organic substances for nutrition)`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Sub-classes	Omnivore^c Heterotroph-Bacterium^c Fungus^c Animal^c Parasite^c SporeFormingBacterium^c Saprophyte^c

Heterotroph-Bacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Heterotroph-Bacterium`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium that use complex carbon compounds to fulfill their carbon requirements. This type of #$Bacterium can not use #$CarbonDioxide, see #$Autotroph-Bacterium.
Super-classes	Heterotroph^c Bacterium^c

HexadecimalCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HexadecimalCharacter`
Description	A ''HexadecimalCharacter'' is an''AbstractCharacter'' that represents one of the 16 characters including the 'Arabic numerals' from 0 to 9, and the letters from 'a' to 'f' (representing numbers 11 to 15).
Super-classes	AbstractCharacter^c

Hexagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hexagon`
Description	CYC: A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all six-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hexagon' in WordNet: 1. hexagon - (a six-sided polygon)`
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 6^c

HexalateralBox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HexalateralBox`
Description	The unit was created solely as a means of expressing the box-like shape and qualities of instances of its specs. Note that each box is a HexalateralObject, so to be an instance it must be oblong or cubic. Boxes are made from different materials, and come in various sizes, from very small (a few cc in volume) to large boxes used in shipping. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'box' in WordNet: 1. (26) box - (a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid; 'he rummaged through a box of spare parts')`
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c Box^c
Sub-classes	BoxCar^c Humidor^c

HexalateralObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HexalateralObject`
Description	A #$HexalateralObject is an object with a well-defined front, back, left, right, top, and bottom. These sides are considered to be intrinsic to the object and do not vary as the object changes position. Any object which is an instance of two different specs of #$BilateralObject is a #$HexalateralObject as a matter of definition-eg, if an object's front and back can be distinguished and its left side can be distinguished from its right, then it also has a well-defined bottom and top. See also comments for #$BilateralObject and for #$FrontAndBackSidedObject, #$LeftAndRightSidedObject, and #$TopAndBottomSidedObject.
Super-classes	FrontAndBackSidedObject^c LeftAndRightSidedObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	Obstacle^c Saddle^c VictorianStructure^c Bench^c Lectern^c AutoSeat^c DisplayCase^c Carving-2D^c Chair^c ClothingItem^c Chest-Box^c ComputerKeyboard^c LandTransportationDevice^c Blimp^c Vertebrate^c Base^c Mirror^c TacticalTerrainObject^c FixedWingAircraft^c Sofa^c Harness^c RotaryWingAircraft^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c Bookcase^c Plow^c ComputerDisplay^c HumanOccupationConstruct^c Gun^c Sculpture^c HexalateralBox^c PrintedMaterial^c Mosaic^c Watercraft^c Cultivator^c

Hexane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hexane`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hexane' in WordNet: 1. hexane - (a colorless flammable liquid alkane derived from petroleum and used as a solvent)`
Super-classes	Alkane^c LiquidSubstance^c

Hey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hey`
Description	''Hey'' is a suddenly emitted word directed at someone whose attention one wants to attract - a salutation of sorts.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

HeyDay^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HeyDay

Description

A ''HeyDay'' is an ''Era'' (a period of time of at least one decade) in the history of some culture or country or GroupOfPeople or Organization.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heyday' in WordNet:
       1. (2) flower, prime, peak, heyday, bloom, blossom, efflorescence, flush - 
        (the period of greatest prosperity or productivity)

Super-classes Era^c

Hiatus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hiatus`
Description	A ''Hiatus'' is a ''PersistentState'' during which some ongoing activity is suspended. This is an Event, though the terns used to refer to this type of Event may suggest a time interval, which is not included. The time interval for a ''Hiatus'' or ''Pause'' is represented by ''Intermission''. NOTE the difference between a ''Hiatus'' and the subtype ''Pause'' is not well-defined; during a ''Hiatus'' some other related activities may be ongoing, or the intensity of the defining activity may be uch reduced, whereas a ''Pause'' should be a complete cessation of the defining activity (the action that is Paused). For intentional planned recesses at meetings; time-outs in sports events, or simple rest breaks in any activity, use 'Recess'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiatus' in WordNet: 1. suspension, respite, reprieve, hiatus, abatement - (an interruption in the intensity or amount of something)
Super-classes	InterruptingEvent^c PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	Pause^c Hush^c

Hibernating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hibernating

Description

This includes hibernating deep in sleep bears as well as semi-hibernating other animals. Full hibernation might be a subtype. For Plants use ''Dormant-NonGrowing''

      Corresponds to part (for animals) of adjective sense 1 of 'hibernating' in Wordnet:
        1. dormant, hibernating, torpid - (in a condition of biological 
           rest or suspended animation; 'dormant buds'; 'a hibernating bear';
           'torpid frogs')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Hiccup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hiccup`
Description	A ''Hiccup'' is a ''MedicalSymptom'' that can be caused by any of multiple physiological events. In CYC: 'Hiccoughing': The spasmodic inhaling of air. Note that inhaling is a subProcess and thereby cotemporal with this. This is just one hiccoughing event. That they often occur in a series (as do #$Coughing, #$Sneezing, etc) is not yet expressed here. Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'hiccup' in Wordnet: 1. hiccup, hiccough, singultus - ((usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion; 'how do you cure the hiccups?') WN verb 'hicup': 1. hiccup, hiccough - (breathe spasmodically, and make a sound; 'When you have to hiccup, drink a glass of cold water')
Super-classes	MedicalSymptom^c InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Dizzy^c

Hick^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hick

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are provincial, rural, unsophisticated.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hick' in WordNet:
         1. yokel, rube, hick, yahoo, hayseed, bumpkin, chawbacon - 
           (not very intelligent or interested in culture)

Super-classes Rustic^c

HickoryTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HickoryTree

Description

Hickory trees provide timber and produce nuts. Their leaves turn yellow in the fall.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hickory tree' in WordNet:
          1. hickory, hickory tree - (American hardwood tree bearing edible nuts)

Super-classes DeciduousTree^c

Hidden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hidden`
Description	'Hidden' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event, that cannot be seen with the human eye, from a certain perspective. Things that are obscured (from one vantage point) by other objects are 'Hidden' in this sense, and therefore this Attribute does not imply that some agent intentionally hid the object; for that sense, use subAttribute ''Concealed''. This AttributeValue will be true or not depending on circumstances, such as being in a certain location, so it needs to be interpreted as 'Hidden to some specific person(s)', or from a certain perspective. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hidden' in Wordnet: 1. (7) concealed, hidden, out of sight - (not accessible to view; 'concealed (or hidden) damage'; 'in stormy weather the stars are out of sight')`
Super-classes	Invisible^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Concealed^c

Hide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hide`
Description	A ''Hide'' is all or part of an animal's skin that has been removed from the rest of the body, and is a sheet-like Object. It typically has been processed in some way to preserve it from decay, but this type also includes a fresh hide not yet processed. A ''Hide'' typically includes the hair or fur that was on the skin, but does not necessarily have hair on it, as reptile hides are included. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hide' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hide, fell - (the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal))`
Super-classes	FreeSheet^c AnimalSkin^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	Pelt^c ThickHide^c LeatherObject^c

Hide-BodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hide-BodyPart`
Description	A 'Hide-BodyPart' is an object that is some part of a mammal consisting of the skin and any hairs naturally growing on it; this is a piece of the hide whether or not it is still attached to the animal. For a 'hide' which is the skin of some animal processed to be usable, use 'Pelt' or some other special term such as the substance 'Leather'. `May be used by parents to warn children 'I'll tan your hide for that.' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hide' in WordNet: 2. (2) hide, pelt, skin - (body covering of a living animal)`
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Skin^c

Hide-and-seek^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hide-and-seek

Description

'Hide-and-seek' is a game played by young children, in which one (who is 'it') covers the eyes while the others hide, then tries to find the others.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hide-and-seek' in WordNet:
          1. hide-and-seek, hide and go seek - (a game in which a child covers his eyes while the other
            players hide then tries to find them)

Super-classes ChildsGame^c

Hideout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hideout`
Description	A ''Hideout'' is a ''HidingPlace'' where a Person can hide his/her self from others. This is not just for criminals, but that is the kind of ''Hideout'' (e.g. 'Hole In the Wall' for Butch Cassidy) most often seen in movies - or for spies or other fugitives. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hideout' in WordNet: 1. (3) hideout, hideaway, den - (a hiding place; usually a remote place used by outlaws)`
Super-classes	HidingPlace^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value HidingOneself^c

HidingAnObjectByMovingIt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HidingAnObjectByMovingIt`
Description	Distinguished from hiding an object by putting some opaque object over it or in front of it.
Super-classes	HidingSomething^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c

HidingOneself^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HidingOneself`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$HidingSomething events in which the performer is also the #$objectHidden; i.e., the collection of events in which one agent hides herself from others. #$HidingOneself events are unusual in one other respect. Instances of #$HidingAnObject, which involve taking steps to obscure an object's location, are typically followed by a static situation during which the object remains hidden. However, instances of #$HidingOneself often persist over the full length of the 'hiding' period, as the agent continues to take or refrain from certain actions in an attempt to remain hidden. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hide' in WordNet: 2. (6) hide, hide out - (be or go into hiding; keep out of sight, as for protection and safety; 'Probably his horse would be close to where he was hiding'; 'She is hiding out in a cabin in Montana')`
Super-classes	HidingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Self^c

HidingPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HidingPlace`
Description	A ''HidingPlace'' is some generic ''Place' (Object or Region) where something of a PhysicalObject can be hidden so that persons (or other animals) who are not informed about it cannot access it. This can be for hiding objects of value (stashing money) or hiding oneself (see subtype ''Hideout'') or for animals such as squirrels to hide food of their young so that other animals cannot find them. `The restrictions suggest that a ''HidingPlace'' is suitable for HidingSomething. This notion might better expressed with an explicit relation. NOTE: this type is also referred to as 'hiding' ('he spied at them from hiding') as in RHW: RHW noun 'hiding': 2. a secret refuge or means of concealment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiding place' in WordNet: 1. (5) hiding place - (a place suitable for hiding something (such as yourself))`
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value HidingSomething^c wasTheLocationOf^op value HidingSomething^c isUsedInAction^op value HidingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Hideout^c

HidingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HidingSomething`
Description	Hiding can be done by moving an object or by covering it with another object. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalActivity. In each instance of #$HidingAnObject, one agent hides a physical object from another (or others). 'Hiding' an object means deliberately changing its location with the aim of making its discovery by others unlikely. Note that an object may be hidden by moving it (to a location believed to be obscure), or by moving other things so as to obscure its current location (e.g., by covering the object with leaves). For the first sort of case, see #$HidingAnObjectByMovingIt. Also note that the object hidden may be the performer herself, as in a game of hide-and-go-seek (cf. #$HidingOneself). Finally, there is a distinction between the act of #$HidingAnObject and the subsequent state of affairs in which the object remains 'hidden.' The latter is a merely a type of #$Situation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hide' in WordNet: 1. (28) hide, conceal - (prevent from being seen or discovered; 'Muslim women hide their faces'; 'hide the money') WN noun 'hiding': 1. (2) concealment, concealing, hiding - (the activity of keeping something secret)
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Sub-classes	Cover-Up^c HidingAnObjectByMovingIt^c MaskingSomething^c VeilingSomething^c HidingOneself^c

Hierarchical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hierarchical

Description

''Hierarchical'' can pertain to different senses of ''Hierarchy'', abstract classifications and social strata.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hierarchical' in Wordnet:
          1. hierarchical, hierarchal, hierarchic - (classified according to various criteria
              into successive levels or layers; "it has been said that only a hierarchical society 
              with a leisure class at the top can produce works of art"; 
              "in her hierarchical set of values honesty comes first")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Hierarchy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hierarchy`
Description	A ''Hierarchy'' is an abstract mathematical object that can be used to represent relations between entities in the real world. It is usually represented visually as an inverted tree, with a root node at the top and all other nodes connected to the top by links that represent the subsumption relation of parent to daughter node. The interpretation depends on the intended use. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hierarchy' in WordNet: 1. (2) hierarchy - (a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system; 'put honesty first in her hierarchy of values')`
Super-classes	DirectedAcyclicGraph^c OrderedGroup^c
Sub-classes	OrganizationHierarchy^c Taxonomy^c

Hieroglyph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hieroglyph`
Description	COSMOnote: this type represents a single symbol used in the ''Hieroglphics'' ''WritingSystem''. `CYC: pictorial characters used in ancient writing systems, esp. Egyptian. Corresponds to part (for a single symbol) ofnoun sense 2 of 'hieroglyph' in WordNet: 2. hieroglyph, hieroglyphic - (a writing system using picture symbols; used in ancient Egypt)`
Super-classes	Pictograph^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WritingInHieroglyphs^c

Hieroglyphics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hieroglyphics`
Description	''Hieroglyphics'' is a 'WritingSystem'' that uses Egyptian ''Hieroglyph''s for expressing thoughts and, in some cases, sounds. `Corresponds to part (for the writing system, not just a single symbol) of noun sense 2 of 'hieroglyphic' in WordNet: 2. hieroglyph, hieroglyphic - (a writing system using picture symbols; used in ancient Egypt)`
Super-classes	WritingSystem^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value Hieroglyph^c

High^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High`
Description	An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects that are or whose top is elevated substantially above the local base of the terrain. This will be interpreted relative to the norm for objects of that type. This overlaps somewhat with 'Tall'; but 'tall' is used for non-stationary objects such as people, and is a relative attribute, relating some object to others of its type. For relative highness, use 'Tall'. NOTE that both elevation and extension meanings ar included here. @ToDo: differentiate elevation and extension? NOTE: some intensive attributes lebeled as 'high' are represented explicitly, such as 'HighBodyTemperature', 'HighReflectance', 'HighlyCredible'. For WordNet sense 1 of 'high' see 'HighValued': 1. (149) high - (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; 'a high temperature'; 'a high price'; 'the high point of his career'; 'high risks'; 'has high hopes'; 'the river is high'; 'he has a high opinion of himself') RHW ('high) 1. having a great or considerable extent or reach upward or vertically; lofty; tall: a high wall. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'high' in WordNet the sense of measure in 'a foot high' is not part of this type.: in WordNet: 2. (51) high - ((literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like 'knee-high'); 'a high mountain'; 'high ceilings'; 'high buildings'; 'a high forehead'; 'a high incline'; 'a foot high')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Towering^c Raised^c GeographicallyHigh^c GeographicallyLow^c Elevated^c

High-Class^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Class

Description

This sense of ''High-Class'' characterizes people and their Actions, especially appearance and manners, that is ''Classy'' in a ''SelfConscious'' manner, a style adopted primarily for its effect on other people, rather than simple personal preference.

      This is an attribute of people who wear ''Upscale'' clothing or accessories,
         though doing so is not necessary for the attribute.

      NOTE: the WN gloss adds 'pretentiously' but that is more harsh a characterization than
      is inended by this type of attribute.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-class' in Wordnet:
          1. high-class, high-toned - (pretentiously elegant; 'a high-toned restaurant')

Super-classes Classy^c
SelfConscious^c

High-Energy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Energy

Description

''High-Energy'' describes objects containingor processes producing, expending, or exhibiting ''HighEnergy'', a ''QuantityOfEnergy'' substantially greater than the amount in the average object or process of the same kind.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'high-energy' in Wordnet:
        1. high-energy - (of or relating to elementary particles having energies of hundreds
            of thousands of electron volts)
        2. high-energy - (providing a relatively large amount of energy upon undergoing a chemical reaction)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

High-Level^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Level

Description

''High-Level'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the upper levels of some form of ''Hierarchy'', whether of abstract objects (as in a Taxonomy or Ontology) or in some hierarchical organization, such as corporate or governmental organizations that have levels of management or administration, or to Actions that are considered to have 'levels' of ''Importance''. These can be differentiated by subAttributes when needed.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-level' in Wordnet:
           1. high-level, high-ranking, upper-level - (at an elevated level in rank or importance;
            'a high-level official'; 'a high-level corporate briefing'; 'upper-level management')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

High-Performance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Performance

Description

''High-Performance'' is an '''EffectivenessValue'' charaterizing ''Device's'' that are in the toprangeof 'effectiveness' or 'efficiency' for their category of Devices.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-performance' in Wordnet:
          1. high-performance - (modified to give superior performance; 'a high-performance car')

Super-classes EffectivenessValue^c

High-Profile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Profile`
Description	''"High-Profile"'' is a term that can characterize people in a ''HighProfile'' position or status, and also of various other things that are very ''Salient'' in their dominant categories.
Super-classes	Salient^c

High-Quality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Quality`
Description	`NOTE: There is no WN sense of 'high-quality' as an attribute, so this type represents the attribute that is characteristic of something in the state ''Superiority'',but is more intensive than just ''Superior''.`
Super-classes	Superior^c
Sub-classes	Solid-Substantial^c

High-Rise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Rise`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-rise' in Wordnet: 1. high-rise - (used of buildings of many stories equipped with elevators; tall; 'avenues lined with high-rise apartment buildings')`
Super-classes	Tall^c

High-Speed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Speed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-speed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) high-speed, high-velocity - (operating at high speed; 'a high-speed food processor'; 'a high-velocity shell')`
Super-classes	Fast^c

High-Tech^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-Tech`
Description	''High-Tech'' is an attribute of things (Objects, Devices, Methods, Materials, Ideas in general) that are more advance than just ''Advanced-Modern'' and make use of highly advanced technology such as modern electronics with complex transistor arrays or specialized modern materials with improved properties. This term is used mostly with modern electronics, but here it includes advanced materials and designs for high-performance devices.. `Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'high-tech' in WordNet: 1. high-tech, hi-tech - (resembling or making use of highly advanced technology or devices)`
Super-classes	Advanced-Modern^c
Sub-classes	High-end^c

High-end^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-end`
Description	`NO WN sense for this attribute. RHW adjective 'high-end': adj. Informal. being the most expensive and technically sophisticated: high-end stereo equipment.`
Super-classes	High-Tech^c Expensive^c

High-powered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#High-powered

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-powered' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) high-octane, high-powered, high-power, high-voltage, high-energy -
              (vigorously energetic or forceful;  'a high-octane sales manager'; 
              'a high-octane marketing plan'; 'high-powered executives'; 
              'a high-voltage theatrical entrepreneur')

Super-classes Powerful^c

HighAltitude^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighAltitude

Description

''HighAltitude'' is an ''Altitude'' that is significantly higher (more than three times) than the tallest structure in that particular area - a relative elevation above the local ground level.

     Fo military operations, this would be an altitude for an airplane so high that 
        local ground-level  anitaircraft fire would not be able to reach it.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-altitude' in Wordnet:
        1. high-level, high-altitude - (occurring at or from a relative high altitude;
            'high-level bombing')

Super-classes Altitude^c

HighAngleGun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighAngleGun`
Description	A ''HighAngleGun'' is a military weapon that is used shoots shells at a high angle (greater than 40 deg from the horizontal) `NOTE: in WN this is a type of ''Cannon'' but in COSMO a ''Cannon'' must be mounted on a platform and cannot be carried by one Person. The subtype ''MortarGun'' is portable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high-angle gun' in WordNet: 1. high-angle gun - (a cannon that can be fired at a high elevation for relatively short ranges)`
Super-classes	MilitaryWeapon^c Gun^c
Sub-classes	MortarGun^c

HighBackRest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighBackRest`
Description	A relatively high ''BackRest''. This is here to express the notion of 'high-backed' as with chairs and sofas. `The ''Tall'' attribute means 'relatively high'.`
Super-classes	BackRest^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tall^c

HighBacked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighBacked

Description

''HighBacked'' is an Attribute of objects, particularly artifacts, which have a back part higher (''Tall''er) than the average or the typical heiht of that part. This is used mostly for high-backed chairs and sofas

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high-backed' in WordNet:
            1. (1) high-backed - (having a high back; 'a high-backed sofa')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HighBloodPressure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighBloodPressure`
Description	''HighBloodPressure'' is a 'BloodPressure'' that is higher than the normal range, usually adjusted for normal changes of pressure with age. Having this attribute persist is a clear symptom of the ''CardiovascularDisease'' ''Hypertension''. `NOTE: Wordnet does not distinguish between the pressure measure and the disease ''Hypertension''. This type is the presssure measure, and the disease is represented as ''Hypertension''; the WN synset used is the same for both COSMO entries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high blood pressure' in WordNet: 1. high blood pressure, hypertension - (a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater))`
Super-classes	BloodPressure^c
Restrictions	isaSymptomOf^op value Hypertension^c

HighBodyTemperature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighBodyTemperature`
Description	A 'PhysiologicalCondition' in which the internal body temperature is higher than normal. This may be a symptom of an AilmentType, or be due to overexertion. NOTE that this is a symptom of 'Fever' (considered as an ailment type), but symptoms do not always prove the existence of the underlying condition, so one may have a 'HighBodyTemperature' without having a 'Fever' in the ailment sense. For the ailment condition that is a 'Fever' use 'Fever'. `Any body in this condition has Attribute 'HighInternalTemperature'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'fever' in RHW: 2. an abnormally high body temperature. Corresponds to at least part of noun sense 1 of 'fever' in WordNet: 1. (4) fever, febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness - (a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection)`
Super-classes	Symptom^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	isaSymptomOf^op only Fever^c agentHasAttribute^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighInternalTemperature^c

HighChair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighChair`
Description	A ''Chair'' designed for short young children, having a seat on long legs, higher above the floor than in adult chairs, allowing a short child to access the table; it usually also has a built-in tray to hold the child's food directly in front of her/him. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'highchair' in Wordnet: 1. highchair, feeding chair - (a chair for feeding a very young child; has four long legs and a footrest and a detachable tray)`
Super-classes	Chair^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Tray^c isForTheUseOf^op value HumanInfant^c

HighCrown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighCrown`
Description	A ''HighCrown'' is a ''HatCrown'' that is taller than the average ''HatCrown''.
Super-classes	HatCrown^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value High^c

HighEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighEnergy`
Description	''HighEnergy'' is a ''QuantityOfEnergy'' that is at least several times the average amount of energy contained for Objects of the same kind, or of Energy produced or required by processes of the same kind.
Super-classes	QuantityOfEnergy^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Larger^c

HighFives^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighFives`
Description	''HighFives'' is a gesture by two people who pat or slap each other's upraised hand, as a symbol of greeting or elation or mutual congratulation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high-five' in WordNet: 1. high-five - (a gesture of greeting or elation; one person's upraised palm slaps the upraised palm of another person)`
Super-classes	Patting^c GreetingGesture^c GesturingWithTheHands^c UsingTheHand^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Palm^c isPerformedBy^op value CoupleOfPeople^c

HighHeelShoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighHeelShoe`
Description	A ''HighHeelShoe'' is a ''WomansShoe'' having a ''ShoeHighHeel''. Stylish and increases a woman's apparent height.
Super-classes	WomansShoe^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value ShoeHighHeel^c

HighIntelligence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighIntelligence`
Description	''HighIntelligence'' is the capability of a Person who has a significantly higher than average level of ''Intelligence'' including the ability to read and communicate (in some form) in a human language.
Super-classes	Intelligence^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Reasoning^c
Sub-classes	GeniusAbility^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IQ180

HighPitched^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighPitched

Description

''HighPitched''is a subattribute of 'Audible' for Sounds that are Audible but have a frequency that sounds 'high' (above 500 cycles per second).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-pitched' in Wordnet:
        1. (4) high, high-pitched - (used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency)

Super-classes Audible^c

HighPriority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighPriority`
Description	''HighPriority'' is the highest (top) of three levels of priority (most importance or urgency). This is the attribute of something that is the object (patient) of a ''Prioritizing'' action.
Super-classes	Selected^c PriorityLevel^c

HighPriorityCall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighPriorityCall`
Description	A 'HighPriorityCall' is an important ''TelephoneCall'' such as one made in emergencies or one between heads of state.
Super-classes	TelephoneCall^c
Restrictions	hasAttribute^op value HighPriority^c

HighPriorityTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighPriorityTask`
Description	A ''HighPriorityTask'' is a ''Task'' that has a priority level of ''HighPriority''. his might also be labeled as a 'TimeLimitedTask' or a 'task with a deadlne'. A ''HighPriorityTask'' has a ''Deadline'' but that is not necessarily the 'endingTime' of the task, as it could be completed sooner, or run over and be 'overdue. @ToDo relation between ''Deadline'' and 'ending time'?? A ''HighPriorityTask'' is ''Urgent'' in the sense that there must be some ''Deadline'' for its completion, otherwise it would not have a high priority. Therefore* at any given time point, a ''HighPriorityTask'' will have the attribute value ''AvailableTime'' which will have a positive value of ''NowTillDeadline'' (Difference beween ''Now'' and the ''Deadline'' tme point), until the Deadline has passed. If he task is not completed, a negative vale of ''AvailableTime'' will be the 'Overdue' ''TimeInterval'' (not yet Rev1373 represented). This is a type of Task that can be characterized and referred to as a 'priority' . This corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'priority' in RHW: 4. something given special attention. None ofthe senses of 'priority' in WN seems to refer to this concept.
Super-classes	Task^c
Restrictions	hasPriority^op value HighPriority^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Urgent^c hasAttributeValue^op value AvailableTime^c
Sub-classes	ProvidingEmergencyRelief^c AssignedTask^c

HighProfile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighProfile`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high profile' in WordNet: 1. high profile - (a position attracting much attention and publicity)`
Super-classes	Status^c Role^c

HighReflectance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighReflectance`
Description	High reflectance is the attribute of an object that reflects most of the EM radiation (in some particular wavelength range) impinging on it. The prototype object having this character for visible light is the mirror. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'reflective' in Wordnet: 2. reflective - (capable of physically reflecting light or sound; 'a reflective surface')`
Super-classes	Reflectance^c
Sub-classes	Shiny^c

HighRisk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighRisk

Description

''HighRisk'' is an intensive form of ''Risky'' that pertains to financial speculation or business ventures. 'high-risk bonds'; 'high-risk derivatives'

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-risk' in Wordnet:
            1. bad, risky, high-risk, speculative -
               (not financially safe or secure; 'a bad investment'; 'high risk investments'; 
               'anything that promises to pay too much can't help being risky';
               'speculative business enterprises')

Super-classes Risky^c

HighSchool^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighSchool

Description

An Organization that teaches students at grades level 9 through 12 (in the USA) or equivalent elsewhere.

    Cyc: the collection of high schools.

    SUMO: A School which admits students who have 
     graduated from a middle school and which normally covers the ninth through 
     twelfth grades.  A HighSchool confers a high school diploma.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high school' in WordNet:
        1. (37) senior high school, senior high, high, highschool, high school - 
          (a public secondary school usually including grades 9 through 12;
          'he goes to the neighborhood highschool')

Super-classes SecondarySchool^c
FourYearSchool^c

HighSpeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighSpeed`
Description	'HighSpeed' is used in COSMO as an attribute type, not a measure, but it implies a measure of at least 50 Miles per Hour.
Super-classes	Speed^c
Sub-classes	SupersonicSpeed^c

HighSpeedTraffic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighSpeedTraffic`
Description	''HighSpeedTraffic'' is vehicular traffic on a ''Superhighway'' that proceeds at speeds greater than 55 miles per hour. `@ToDO" define 'high-speed'???`
Super-classes	Traffic^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Superhighway^c

HighTechnology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighTechnology

Description

''HighTechnology'' is a modern branch of ''Engineering'' that makes use of use of very recent advances in electronics or materials technology or develops even more advanced (more functional, less expensive).

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high technology' in WordNet:
           1. high technology, high tech - 
               (highly advanced technological development (especially in electronics))

Super-classes Engineering^c

HighValued^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighValued`
Description	'HighValued' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is greater. In some cases in COSMO, such relative attributes are represented directly, as in 'HighBodyTemperature', 'HighReflectance', 'HighlyCredible'. @TODo R1015: The method to relate this attribute to the more specific attributes such as above is not clear. Perhaps such attribute values are subtypes of this one?? Corresponds to part of (amount) adjective sense 1 of 'high' in WordNet: 1. (149) high - (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; 'a high temperature'; 'a high price'; 'the high point of his career'; 'high risks'; 'has high hopes'; 'the river is high'; 'he has a high opinion of himself')
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Maximum^c LotsOf^c Each^c

Higher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Higher`
Description	'Higher' is An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is elevated above the altitude of some other object. This relation does not require that the objects be directly above and below each other. This corresponds closely to the relation 'isAbove', but its use is closer to the linguistic comparative form, where one can say 'the higher mountain' and mean 'the mountain that isAbove' the other mountain'. In this usage, it selects from two objects the one that is higher. This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a pair of objects and selects the higher one. The word 'higher' has no corresponding sense in WN. Closest non-comparative 'high' sense is: in WordNet: 2. (51) high - ((literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like 'knee-high'); 'a high mountain'; 'high ceilings'; 'high buildings'; 'a high forehead'; 'a high incline'; 'a foot high')
Super-classes	ComparativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	RaisedUp^c Upper^c

HigherCognitiveProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HigherCognitiveProcess`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'higher cognitive process' in WordNet: 1. higher cognitive process - (cognitive processes that presuppose the availability of knowledge and put it to use)`
Super-classes	CognitiveProcess^c
Sub-classes	Thinking^c LinguisticProcess^c

HigherEducationInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HigherEducationInstitution`
Description	$HigherEducationInstitution is a specialization `of #$AcademicOrganization. Two important types of #$HigherEducationInstitution are #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution and #$NonDegreeGrantingInstitution. Specs of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution include #$University, #$College, and #$CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting while specs of #$NonDegreeGrantingInstitution include #$CollegeInUniversity-NonDegreeGranting.`
Super-classes	AcademicOrganization^c
Sub-classes	CollegeInUniversity-NonDegreeGranting^c DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution^c

HigherEducationManagementEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HigherEducationManagementEvent`
Description	Each ''AcademicManagementEvent'' is a ''ManagementEvent'' that manages some activities within an ''AcademicOrganization''.
Super-classes	AcademicManagementEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some AcademicAdministrator^c occursAt^op some HigherEducationInstitution^c

Highest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Highest

Description

'Highest' is An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects, either: (1) the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is elevated above (has a higher numerical value) the altitude of all other objects of the same type in some region or context; or, (2) for parts of 'PhysicalObjects'', whose elevations is greater than the elevation of all other parts of that object of which it is a part.

      This corresponds closely to the relation 'isAbove', but its use
      is closer to the linguistic superlative form, where one can
      say 'the highest mountain' referencing all other mountains
      in some region or in some category.

      This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of
         'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a
         function in an FOL implementation: it takes a Group of
         objects and selects the highest one.

Super-classes ComparativeAttributeValue^c

HighestPoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighestPoint`
Description	A ''HighestPoint'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' that has an altitude (elevation) higher than any other point in a larger specific ''GeographicalArea''. This is a PhysicalObject,but there is no need to specify its mass (set to '-1').
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c HighestThingInaContext^c MajorTerrainFeature^c Ground^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Vertex^c isLocatedAt^op some (LocationType^c or LocationMeasure^c or LocationMeasureType^c or GeographicalArea^c) hasAltitude^op some AltitudeValue^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountEverestPeak

HighestThingInaContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighestThingInaContext`
Description	A ''HighestThingInaContext'' is an entity of a type that in some sense is the 'highest' - for landforms, the elevation,for buildings or people, or other ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'''s the height. The type of thing it is is specified when creating an instance by asserting the 'type' for that instance. or by creating a subtype of this type that is also a subtype of the type of thing of which it is the highest. For example,one could instantiate the " highest building in New York " by creating a Group of buildings, and an instance of that group being the 'BuildingsInNewYork' that could serve as the type or parent type for the ''HighestThingInaContext'' in which the context is 'BuildingsInNewYork'. `See also ''Asia'' for an example of usage.`
Super-classes	Role^c UniqueThingInaContext^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Highest^c
Sub-classes	HighestPoint^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountEverestPeak

Highland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Highland`
Description	`Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'highland' (this is 'elevated' but not necessarily mountainous in the usual sense, as it includes a plateau and a mesa) in WordNet: 1. highland, upland - (elevated (e.g., mountainous) land) WN noun 'elevation': 4. natural elevation, elevation - (a raised or elevated geological formation)`
Super-classes	LandTopographicalFeature^c LargeObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GeographicallyHigh^c
Sub-classes	Plateau^c Promontory^c

Highlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Highlight`
Description	Each ''Highlight'' is a proper part of a Thing (of any type) that is 'highlighted' in some way (intensity of color, intensity of sound, special characteristics of text, as bold or italic or large type) It should have a 'SalientCharacteristic' Example: ''highlight'' is ''Highlighted'' NOTE that sense 2 of 'highlight' is represented by subtype ''BrightPartOfAnImage''; it is shown here because it is conceptually included, and as a pointer to the subtype. Includes to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'highlght' in WordNet: 1. highlight, high spot - (the most interesting or memorable part; 'the highlight of the tour was our visit to the Vatican') 2. highlight, highlighting - (an area of lightness in a picture)
Super-classes	SalientPart^c
Sub-classes	BrightPartOfAnImage^c

Highlighting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Highlighting`
Description	''Highlighting'' is an ''EmphasizingSomething'' where what is emphasized is part of an image, and the means of emphasis is to make that part of a lighter shade than the remainder of the image. Prominently used in the 'chiaroscuro' style of painting. `Corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'highight' in WordNet, but this is not only to place something in the foreground, this also includes creating a ''Highlight'' of any sort, visual, or oral: in WordNet: 1. (2) foreground, highlight, spotlight, play up - (move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent; 'The introduction highlighted the speaker's distinguished career in linguistics'; 'highlight the passage so that you can find it again when you open the book')`
Super-classes	EmphasizingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Emphasis^c
Sub-classes	HighlightingAnImagePart^c Spotlighting^c

HighlightingAnImagePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighlightingAnImagePart`
Description	''HighlightingAnImagePart'' is a ''Highlighting'' where the thing highlighted is a part of an image (abstract or physical). Prominently used in the 'chiaroscuro' style of painting. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'highight' in WordNet, but this is not only to place something in the foreground, this also includes creating a ''Highlight'' of any sort, visual, or oral: in WordNet: 1. (2) foreground, highlight, spotlight, play up - (move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent; 'The introduction highlighted the speaker's distinguished career in linguistics'; 'highlight the passage so that you can find it again when you open the book')`
Super-classes	Highlighting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value BrightPartOfAnImage^c hadThingAffected^op value PartOfAnImage^c

HighlyAccurate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighlyAccurate

Description

Includes elements of both ''Accurate'' (for measurements) and ''Exact'' for images and recordings. Conforming very closely to the actual state of what is being represented; a higher degree of conformity than is expressed by the attribute 'Exact'. Of images, recordings, measurements.

      If a text is ambiguous regarding the degree of precision,
      the more general term 'Exact' should be used to represent
      words such as 'accurate', 'exact', precise.

Super-classes Exact^c
Accurate^c

HighlyCredible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighlyCredible`
Description	HighlyCredible is a very high level of credibility, higher than ''ProbablyTrue'', that leaves only a remote " possibility that an assertion may be false.
Super-classes	ProbablyTrue^c
Sub-classes	Certain^c

HighlyInfluential^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighlyInfluential`
Description	'HighlyInfluential' is a broad class of attributes of things - animate or inanimate - that have a strong influence on something else. For people controlling people, use ''Dominant''. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'dominant' (excluding the part meaning ability to control people represented by ''Dominant'') in WordNet: 1. (51) dominant - (exercising influence or control; 'television plays a dominant role in molding public opinion'; 'the dominant partner in the marriage')`
Super-classes	Influential^c AgentCapability^c
Sub-classes	SociallyPowerful^c

HighlyRespected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighlyRespected`
Description	Having high respect from most members of the community.
Super-classes	Respected^c
Sub-classes	Honored^c

HighlyUnusual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighlyUnusual`
Description	'HighlyUnusual' is an intensive form of 'Unusual' - unusual to a high degree. NOTE that this sense is neutral with resepct to the kind of thing that is unusual - it can be an unusual instance of a type of obejct, and unusual event, and unusual property for an object. The more specific ways something can be unusual are covered by the types 'Infrequent' and 'HardToFind'. Something that is unusual and also deviating in a surprising way from normal expectations can be termed ''Strange'' or some synonym. This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising) Astounding Includes adjective senses 2,3, and 4 of 'rare' and sense 1 of 'singular' in WordNet: 2. rare, uncommon - (marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; 'what is so rare as a day in June'-J.R.Lowell; 'a rare skill'; 'an uncommon sense of humor'; 'she was kind to an uncommon degree') 3. (2) rare - - (not widely distributed; 'rare herbs'; 'rare patches of green in the desert') 4. (1) rare, uncommon - (marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; 'what is so rare as a day in June'-J.R.Lowell; 'a rare skill'; 'an uncommon sense of humor'; 'she was kind to an uncommon degree') WN 'singular' 1. (3) remarkable, singular - - (unusual or striking; 'a remarkable sight'; 'such poise is singular in one so young')
Super-classes	Unusual^c
Sub-classes	Extraordinary^c Bizarre^c FarOut^c UniqueInaContext^c Extreme-Quantitative^c

Highway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Highway`
Description	A specialization of both #$Roadway and #$PublicProperty. Each instance of #$Highway is a major road open to public use. `Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'highway' in WordNet: 1. (13) highway, main road - (a major road for any form of motor transport)`
Super-classes	MainRoad^c
Sub-classes	Superhighway^c TollRoad^c

Hijab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hijab`
Description	a head covering worn in public by some Muslim women. Somewhat similar to the head part of a ''NunsHabit''. `NOTE: The term al-amira refers to some type of hijab, but the distinction between that and a generic 'hijab' cannot be found. Anyone know? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hijab' in WordNet: 1. hijab - (a headscarf worn by Muslim women; conceals the hair and neck and usually has a face veil that covers the face)`
Super-classes	HeadWear^c ReligiousClothing^c WomensClothing^c Headscarf^c Garment^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value MuslimWoman^c

Hijacker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hijacker`
Description	CYC: People who have engaged in hijacking at some point. Does not include those who are planning hijacking or are otherwise potential, but not yet actual hijackers. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hijacker' in WordNet: 2. highjacker, hijacker - (someone who uses force to take over a vehicle (especially an airplane) in order to reach an alternative destination)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Restrictions	isamemberOfOrganization^op value PoliceOrganization^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value Hijacking^c

Hijacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hijacking`
Description	A specialization of #$Interfering. Each instance of #$Hijacking is a hijacking event. For each such event, there is exactly one associated #$TransportationEvent that plays the role of #$tripHijacked in the #$Hijacking. There is also exactly one #$SolidTangibleThing that plays the role of #$transporterHijacked in the #$Hijacking, and that #$SolidTangibleThing is one of the things that plays the role of #$transporter in the Hijacking's associated #$TransportationEvent. In addition, there are one or more #$SocialBeings that play the role of #$hijackerPerpetrator in the #$Hijacking. Each #$Hijacking has two subevents, one in which a #$hijackerPerpetrator of the #$Hijacking wrests control of the #$transporterHijacked from the heretofore-controlling-agent, and a subsequent one in which a #$hijackerPerpetrator of the #$Hijacking controls the #$transporterHijacked. `SUMO: An event in which a TransportationDevice is taken by coercion or force by an agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hijacking' and verb sense 1 of 'hijack' in Wordnet: 1. highjacking, hijacking - (robbery of a traveler or vehicle in transit or seizing control of a vehicle by the use of force) WN verb 'hijack': 1. (2) commandeer, hijack, highjack, pirate - (take arbitrarily or by force; 'The Cubans commandeered the plane and flew it to Miami')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c HostileSocialAction^c UnilateralGetting^c TransferOfControl^c Interfering^c Crime^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Threatening^c isPerformedBy^op value Hijacker^c
Sub-classes	Piracy^c Carjacking^c

Hiker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hiker`
Description	A ''Hiker'' i a Person who is performing or often performs ''Hiking''. `CYC: The collection of all people who engage in instances of #$HikingEvent as a hobby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiker' in WordNet: 1. hiker, tramp, tramper - (a foot traveler; someone who goes on an extended walk (for pleasure))`
Super-classes	Pedestrian^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Hiking^c

Hiking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hiking`
Description	''Hiking'' is a long distance ''Walking'' that is performed mainly as a form of ''RecreationalActivity'', but is often also be considered as good ''ExercisingEvent''. In this case recreation and exerise are intermingle and the motivations hard to distinguish. The main characteristic of a ''Hiking'' is that it should be at least a mile and be performed in some rural environment, not just a walk inside a residential area. This type is therefore not a subtype of ''WalkingForExercise'', as that type has a different purpose. `e.g. 'hiking the Appalachian Trail'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'hike ' in WordNet: 1. (2) hike, hiking, tramp - (a long walk usually for exercise or pleasure; 'she enjoys a hike in her spare time') WN verb 'hike': 2. hike - (walk a long way, as for pleasure or physical exercise; 'We were hiking in Colorado'; 'hike the Rockies')`
Super-classes	RecreationalActivity^c ExercisingEvent^c HumanWalkingProcess^c Tramping^c
Sub-classes	BackpackHiking^c

Hilarious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hilarious

Description

Something ''Hilarious'' is very funny.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hilarious' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) hilarious, screaming, uproarious - (marked by or causing
            boisterous merriment or convulsive laughter; 'hilarious broad comedy'; 
            'a screaming farce'; 'uproarious stories')
        WN adj 'sidespltting':
          1. killing, sidesplitting - (very funny; 'a killing joke'; 'sidesplitting antics')

Super-classes Funny^c

Hill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hill`
Description	A hill - smaller than a mountain. (but elevations of under 1000 feet are called 'hills' in some places and 'mountains' in others, where higher elevations are absent.) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hill' in WordNet: 1. (33) hill - (a local and well-defined elevation of the land; 'they loved to roam the hills of West Virginia')`
Super-classes	ConvexTangibleObject^c HillOrMountain^c
Sub-classes	Foothill^c Butte^c Mesa^c

HillOrMountain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HillOrMountain`
Description	Any substantially elevated land feature.
Super-classes	OutdoorGeographicalObject^c Protrusion^c Ground^c Slope-Topographical^c
Sub-classes	Mountain^c Hill^c

Hillside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hillside`
Description	A ''Hillside'' is the PhysicalObject that comprises the 'sde' of a ''Hill'' - but in COSMO the term ''Side'' is usually used for a surface on an Object with distinct sides, and this type includes some depth - at least to the point where a landslide can move the earth within it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hillside' in WordNet: 1. (3) hillside - (the side or slope of a hill)`
Super-classes	Side^c LandTopographicalFeature^c Slope-Topographical^c OutdoorObject^c Ground^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Hill^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sloped^c

Hilltop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hilltop`
Description	A '''Hilltop'' is the ''Vertex'' of a ''Hill'' - the highest part. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hilltop' in WordNet: 1. hilltop, brow - (the peak of a hill; 'the sun set behind the brow of distant hills')`
Super-classes	Vertex^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op some Hill^c

Hilly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hilly

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of #$GeographicalRegion consisting of many hills (not flat, not mountainous). Instances have both up and down grades.

      For a region with a number of mountains,use subtype ''Mountainous''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hilly' in Wordnet:
          1. cragged, craggy, hilly, mountainous -
               (having hills and crags; 'hilly terrain')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Hind^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hind

Description

''Hind''is a subAttribute of ''Rear' pertaining to the ''Hind'' part of an Animal. 'broad hind quarters'.

       Includes of adjective senses 1 of 'hind' in WordNet:
        2. (1) back, hind, hinder - (located at or near the back of an animal;
            'back (or hind) legs'; 'the hinder part of a carcass')

Super-classes Rear^c

Hindrance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hindrance`
Description	A 'Hindrance' is anything of any type, physical or abstract, object, attribute, or situation, that can make an Action by an agent more difficult (though not necessarily making it impossible). This includes as subtypes physical 'Obstacle' and barriers such as walls, but can include abstract hindrances such as limitations on ability (e.g. illiteracy), lack of money, or lack of permission. Thisis the most general sense of 'hindrance', 'obstruction', 'barrier'. The relation 'hinders' relates a hindrance to the thing it hinders. A 'hindrance' is not necessarily a 'BadThing', as when it hinders something Bad. NOTE: a ''Hindrance'' is mnot always a ''BadThing'' because it may perform a useful function, as with a ''Dam''. This is the most generic sense of 'hindrance', 'obstacle', 'impediment', or 'difficulty', subsuming various more specific types of things that can impede actions, including physical bariers. THe more specific 'obstacle' is also represented as 'Barrier'. NOTE: the 'deterrent' part of sense 1 of 'hindrance' is represented as the subtype''Deterrent''. Includes noun sense 2 of 'hindrance' and noun sense 1 of 'obstacle' and senses 1 of 'impediment' and sense 2 of 'difficulty' in WordNet: WN 'hindrance': 2. hindrance, hinderance, hitch, preventive, preventative, encumbrance, incumbrance, interference - (any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome) WN 'obstacle': 1. (5) obstacle, obstruction - (something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted; 'lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement'; 'the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education'; 'the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan') WN 'difficulty': 2. (13) difficulty - (a factor causing trouble in achieving a positive result or tending to produce a negative result; 'serious difficulties were encountered in obtaining a pure reagent') WN 'obstruction': 1. (5) obstruction, obstructor, obstructer, impediment, impedimenta - (any structure that makes progress difficult) 3. obstacle, obstruction - (something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted; 'lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement'; 'the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education'; 'the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan') 4. obstruction - (the act of obstructing; 'obstruction of justice') 5. obstruction - (getting in someone's way)
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some (Event^c or EventType^c or PhysicalProcess^c or ProcessType^c or Goal^c or GoalType^c or NeedMicrotheory^c)
Sub-classes	PhysicalRestraint^c Pitfall^c Obstacle^c Barrier^c Limitation^c Drawback^c Interfering^c Deterrent^c BoobyTrap^c

Hindsight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hindsight`
Description	'''Hindsight'' is a subtype of ''Understanding'' in which the thing understood is some past event, usually a decision or situation that prompted a decision. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hindsight' in WordNet: 1. hindsight - (understanding the nature of an event after it has happened; 'hindsight is always better than foresight')`
Super-classes	StrictlyMentalEvent^c Understanding^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some InferringaProblemSolution^c hasTopic^op value PastEvent^c

HinduAvatar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HinduAvatar`
Description	see "Rebirth" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'avatar' in WordNet: 2. avatar - (the manifestation of a Hindu deity (especially Vishnu) in human or superhuman or animal form; 'the Buddha is considered an avatar of the god Vishnu')
Super-classes	HinduDeity^c

HinduDeity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HinduDeity`
Description	There are multiple ''HinduDeity''s, such as Vishnu and Ganesh. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hindu deity' in WordNet: 1. Hindu deity - (a deity worshipped by the Hindus)`
Super-classes	God^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hinduism^c hasBeliever^op value HinduPerson^c
Sub-classes	HinduAvatar^c

HinduPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HinduPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of all persons who believe in (at least some of) the tenets of a Hindu cult, or who practice Hindu religious rituals, or both. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Hindu' in WordNet: 2. Hindu, Hindoo - (a person who adheres to Hinduism)`
Super-classes	ReligiousPerson^c
Sub-classes	HinduWoman^c

HinduTemple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HinduTemple`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$TempleBuildings dedicated to the religious practices of #$Hinduism.
Super-classes	TempleBuilding^c

HinduWoman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HinduWoman`
Description	A Woman who is a ''HinduPerson''.
Super-classes	Woman^c HinduPerson^c

Hinge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hinge`
Description	May be made of metal (see subtype) or of some other material, including straps like leather. This includes the traditional visible ''Hinge's one sees on almost every ''Door'' but also internal ''Hinge''s that allow attached inserted objects like rods to swivel around their attachment points these could be differentiated by subtypes when needed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hinge' in WordNet: 1. (3) hinge, flexible joint - (a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other)`
Super-classes	Joint-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Pivot^c enablesOrAssists^op value Swiveling^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c

Hinged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hinged

Description

''Hinged'' is an Attribute of objects (notably ''Door''s) that have one or more (usually two or three) ''Hinge''s as parts that flexibly connect the subject PhysicalObject to another so that the connected objects can move relative to each other while staying connected, and can easily reverse the motion. Doors or hinged windows or hinged lids to containers can move on their Hinges relative to the portal ''Frame'' in which they are embedded.

       (NOTE: 'unhinged' is not the opposite of ''Hinged'').

       hinged

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HingedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HingedObject`
Description	A ''HingedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that has been ''Hinged'' (has a 'Hinge'' attached).
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hinged^c

HingingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HingingAnObject`
Description	'HingingAnObject'' is an Action in which a ''Hinge'' is attached to one object or to an object pair; in the latter case the object pair typically has the hinge as a means of opening and closing one of the objects, swinging it on the hinge relative to the stationary object. `This can be used, e.g., for putting (one or more) ''Hinge''s on a Door (and storing it for later use), or putting a hinge on a cabinet door and attaching the other end to the cabinet body. So there can be one or two objects ''Hinged' in one or two Actions, depending on the intended perspective. RHW verb 'hinge': 6. to furnish with or attach by a hinge or hinges. 7. to attach as if by a hinge. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hinge' in WordNet: 1. hinge - (attach with a hinge)`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c Fastening^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Hinge^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Hinged^c hadObjectFastened^op value Hinge^c

Hint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hint`
Description	A ''Hint' is some ''Information-Content'' suggested though not explicitly communicated by some act of ''Hinting'', or by some observation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hint' in WordNet: 1. (1) hint, intimation, breath - (an indirect suggestion; 'not a breath of scandal ever touched her') WN noun 'clue: 1. (9) hint, clue - (a slight indication)`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	isaSignOf^op some Fact^c

Hinting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hinting`
Description	''Hinting'' is a communication that suggests or implies something known to the communicator, but not immediately recalled by the communicatee, who is guessing or trying to recall the thin hinted at. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hint' in WordNet: 1. (7) hint, suggest - (drop a hint; intimate by a hint)`
Super-classes	InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c Implying^c Communication^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Hint^c
Sub-classes	Alluding^c

Hip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hip`
Description	The Hip (one of two hips) is the part of an animal's body where one leg is joined to the torso. This type is for the whole hip, including but not only the bone structure. In COSMO a Hip is considered as part of the Torso. This is not restricted to people. `CYC: The area on the side of the thighs, just below the waist Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hip' in WordNet: 1. (5) hip - (either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Trunk-BodyCore^c
Sub-classes	Buttocks^c HumanHip^c

HipAndRibCage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HipAndRibCage`
Super-classes	Pair^c BodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value RibCage^c hasComponentElement^op value Hip^c

HipBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HipBone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hipbone' in WordNet: 1. hipbone, innominate bone - (large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Pelvis^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Trunk-BodyCore^c

Hippie^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hippie

Description

This collection includes the members of the Western cultural group which represented a anti-establishment sub-culture advocating e.g. peace. This group was at their hey-day during the late 1960s and early 1970s.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hippie' in WordNet:
          1. hippie, hippy, hipster, flower child - (someone
            who rejects the established culture; advocates extreme 
            liberalism in politics and lifestyle)

Super-classes Leftist^c
NonConformist^c
Peacenik^c
Reformer^c

Hippopotamus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hippopotamus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hippopotamus' in Wordnet: 1. hippopotamus, hippo, river horse, Hippopotamus amphibius - (massive thick-skinned herbivorous animal living in or around rivers of tropical Africa)`
Super-classes	Herbivore^c Mammal^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value River^c hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Africa^c

Hired^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hired`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hired' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hired - (having services engaged for a fee; 'hired hands'; 'a hired gun')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

HiredHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HiredHand`
Description	A ''HiredHand'' is hired and fired at the pleasure of the employer; this is not the kind of formal employee in a large business. But it is not 'gig'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hired hand' in WordNet: 1. hired hand, hand, hired man - (a hired laborer on a farm or ranch; 'the hired hand fixed the railing'; 'a ranch hand')`
Super-classes	Employee^c ManualLaborer^c
Sub-classes	RanchHand^c

Hirer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hirer`
Description	The person who makes the agreement with another Person to hire her/him for a job. Not the company. `For the Person who actually manages the employee, see ''Boss''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hirer' in WordNet: 1. boss, hirer - (a person responsible for hiring workers; 'the boss hired three more men for the new job')`
Super-classes	LegalEntity^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some EmployeeHiring^c

HiringAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HiringAnAgent`
Description	Any instance of hiring an Agent (Person, Organization or Group) to do some work for pay, whether short or long term, or as an employee or contractor. This is merely the union of the specialized cases, to be used when distinction may not be possible. `Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' in WordNet, being only the part where a person is hired to perform a service; renting of equipment or real estate or rights is under 'Renting': in WordNet: 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?')`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c MakingAnAgreement^c HelpingAnAgent^c BusinessEvent^c AssigningaResponsibility^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHired^op some (Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Person^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	HiringSomeoneToDoSomething^c EmployeeHiring^c
In domain of	hadAgentHired^op

HiringAndRenting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HiringAndRenting`
Description	Each 'HiringAndRenting' is an instance of both 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' and 'Renting' in which one hires a person with expensive specialized equipment, and rents the use of the equipment for the same period. The protoypical case is the subtype 'HiringaTaxiCab', but heavy equipment operators that supply their own equipment can also be the selling agent in a 'HiringAndRenting'.
Super-classes	HiringSomeoneToDoSomething^c Renting^c
Sub-classes	HiringaTaxiCab^c

HiringSomeoneToDoSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HiringSomeoneToDoSomething`
Description	COSMO note: for hiring as an employee for more than one specific task (for a salary rather than a lump sum or hourly rate), use the subtype 'EmployeeHiring'. The Agent hired can be an Organization or Group. CYC: A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SocialOccurrence and an instance of #$LearnedActivityType. Each instance of #$HiringSomeoneToDoSomething is an event in which one agent hires another agent to perform a service, and in which that service is performed. Do not confuse this collection with either #$ContractingAService or #$ServiceEvent, instances of each of which are always sub-events of instances of #$HiringSomeoneToDoSomething: in an instance of #$HiringSomeoneToDoSomething, the hirer contracts a service and pays for it, and the person hired performs the service and gets paid. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' in WordNet, being only the part where a person is hired to perform a service; renting of equipment or real estate or rights is under 'Renting': in Wordnet: 1. (33) hire, engage, employ - (engage or hire for work; 'They hired two new secretaries in the department'; 'How many people has she employed?') 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?')
Super-classes	HiringAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	EngagingaWorker^c HiringAndRenting^c

HiringaTaxiCab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HiringaTaxiCab`
Description	Each 'HiringaTaxiCab' is an instance of both 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' and 'Renting' in which one hires the cab driver's services for the duration of the ride, and rents the use of the cab for the same period.
Super-classes	HiringAndRenting^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHired^op value TaxiDriver^c hadObjectRented^op value TaxiCab^c

Hispanic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hispanic

Description

''Hispanic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''SpanishSpeakers'' and things (activities, attributes, locations) associated with ''SpanishSpeakers'', used commonly in the United States about Spanish-speaking people whether in the US or in their own native couintries..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Hispanic' in WordNet:
          1. Hispanic, Latino - (related to a Spanish-speaking people or culture;
            'the Hispanic population of California is growing rapidly')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Hiss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hiss`
Description	A ''Hiss'' is a sound produced by steam or a gas escaping from a valve, or that of a snake or some other animals emitting its warning sound. This type of sound is also emitted by people to express disapproval, but doing that is impolite if not intended humorously. When the English letter 's' is pronounced, it also sounds like a short ''Hiss''. `NOTE: 'hushing' is a ''Hiss'' produced by people to request others stop speaking; that should be a subtype. But that is usually done with an 'sh' sound.?? omitted for now. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiss' in WordNet: 1. hiss, hissing, hushing, fizzle, sibilation - (a fricative sound (especially as an expression of disapproval); 'the performers could not be heard over the hissing of the audience')`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Hissing^c

Hissing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hissing`
Description	Each 'Hissing' is an Event in which some Animal or Device emits a ''Hiss''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiss' in WordNet: 1. (1) hiss, siss, sizz, sibilate - (make a sharp hissing sound, as if to show disapproval)`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Hiss^c

Historian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Historian`
Description	A Person who is an Expert in History and pursues thestudy of History as an occupation or as an intense interest. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'historian' in WordNet: 1. (20) historian, historiographer - (a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it)`
Super-classes	Expert^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value History^c

Historic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Historic

Description

IMportant because it was he first or the greatest at the tme it appeared in the past ('in history') 'The historic elecion of an African-American to the presidency''

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'historic' in WordNet:
       2. historic - (important in history; 'the historic first voyage to outer space')

Super-classes Important^c

HistoricTemporalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HistoricTemporalThing`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events, people, objects, periods, etc. which are considered to have historical significance. The membership in this collection depends upon time, place, and culture. `COSMO note: In Cyc HistoricTemporalThing is a subtype of TemporalThing, but in COSMO TemporalThing is redefined not to include objects, so this category has been reassigned as a subtype of the more general category 'Individual'.`
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c
Sub-classes	RomanPerson^c ReligiousFigure^c

Historical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Historical

Description

an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to History in some way; of or pertaining to History.

   Includes adjective senses 1 and 3  of 'historical' in WordNet:
    1. (12) historical - (of or relating to the study of history;
      'historical scholars'; 'a historical perspective')
    3. historic, historical - (belonging to the past; of what is important or 
      famous in the past; 'historic victories'; 'historical (or historic) times'f;
      'a historical character')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

HistoricalAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HistoricalAccount`
Description	The SUMO term for 'HistoricalNarrative'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

HistoricalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HistoricalEvent`
Description	A ''HistoricalEven'' is any Event considered by historians to be worthy of study.
Super-classes	Event^c

HistoricalNarrative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HistoricalNarrative`
Description	A narrative intended to convey facts about events. SUMO (HistoricalAccount): A FactualAccount that describes significant events that occurred in the past. COSMO note: the restriction requires that some specific instance of History be the topic of the narrative. The History of anything that changes over time can be reified as an instance of History. Refer also to 'HistoricalFacts', an instance of 'BodyOfAcceptedLore' that is the Lore for the 'History' 'FieldOfStudy'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'history' and sense 1 of 'chronicle' in WordNet: 3. (81) history, account, chronicle, story - (a record or narrative description of past events; 'a history of France'; 'he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president'; 'the story of exposure to lead')
Super-classes	FactualText^c Narrative^c Record^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some History^c
Sub-classes	ValueHistory^c Biography^c

HistoricalPeriod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HistoricalPeriod`
Description	A ''HistoricalPeriod'' is a ''TimeInterval'' that Historians may consider worthy of serving as an organizing concept for describing related ''HistoricalEvent''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hisorical period' in WordNet: 3. (157) period, historic period, historical period - (a stage in the history of a culture having a definable place in space and time; 'a novel from the Victorian period')`
Super-classes	EventSeriesPhase^c TimeInterval^c Era^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value History^c hasSubEvent^op value HistoricalEvent^c
Sub-classes	IronAge^c Reign^c RenaissanceAge^c Antiquity^c StoneAge^c MiddleAges^c BronzeAge^c

Historically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Historically

Description

''Historically'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the assertion is true in some significantpart of past history.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'historically' in WordNet:
          1. (6) historically - (throughout history; 'historically they have 
             never coexisted peacefully')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

History^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#History`
Description	The FieldOfStudy whose topic is the events that occurred in the past. History may be concerned with any type of Event. the term is most commonly applied to Events in which people participated. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'history' in WordNet: 4. (70) history - (the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings; 'he teaches Medieval history'; 'history takes the long view')`
Super-classes	Humanities^c
Sub-classes	Herstory^c

Histrionic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Histrionic

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'histrionic' in Wordnet:
         1. histrionic, melodramatic - (characteristic of acting or a stage performance; 
            often affected; 'histrionic gestures'; 'an attitude of melodramatic despair'; 'a theatrical pose')

Super-classes Melodramatic^c

HitJob^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HitJob`
Description	A ''HitJob' is a colloquial term for a ''Murder'' performed by someone , usually for a criminal organization, ('underworld syndicate'in wordnet) but possibly for hire by an individual. when performing a ''HitJob'' for a criminal organization, the HitMan is usually a member of that orgaization and does it as part of and in furtherance of their illegal activities. This type can use any weapon, though a ''Firearm'' is the most common. `Aslo RHW 'rubout': a murder or assassination. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hit' in WordNet: 6. hit - (a murder carried out by an underworld syndicate; 'it has all the earmarks of a Mafia hit')`
Super-classes	Murder^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ContractKiller^c

Hitchhiking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hitchhiking`
Description	Getting from place to place by accepting rides from other people. `This is usually This is for a succesful hitchhiking - it includes ''GettingaRide''. If unsuccesful, on can express it as an aattempted Hitchhiking''. This is a 'GettingaRide'' by signaling to passing vehicles (usually by sticking out the arm with an upraised thumb) that one wants a ride (for free). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hitchhike' in WordNet: 1. hitchhike, hitch, thumb - (travel by getting free rides from motorists)`
Super-classes	Requesting^c GettingaRide^c
Restrictions	hasThingRequested^op value FreeRide^c causes^op value Travel-TripEvent^c hasSubEvent^op value SignalingAction^c

HittingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HittingAnObject`
Description	The striking of an object, with your hand or a tool manipulated by your hand (a tennis racket, a hammer, a club, etc.). This is not necessarily forceful - for that use ''PunchingSomething''. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'hit' in WordNet: 4. (176) hit - (deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument; 'He hit her hard in the face')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c StrikingAnObjectEvent^c ApplyingAForce^c UsingTheHand^c
Sub-classes	Smiting^c Poking^c PunchingSomething^c StrikingAnObjectWithaTool^c Whacking^c Whipping^c HittingaPerson^c Smacking^c HittingAnOpponent^c StubbingaToe^c PercussionEvent^c BeatingAnAnimal^c Pummeling^c BashingAnObject^c KnockingOnaSurface^c

HittingAnOpponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HittingAnOpponent`
Description	Hitting an opponent with the arms.
Super-classes	PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c ViolentAction^c HittingAnObject^c

HittingaBaseballWithaBat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HittingaBaseballWithaBat`
Description	''HittingabaseballWithaBat'' is a ''Whacking' where the thing whacked is a ''BaseballBall'' and the instrument of the ''Whacking'' is a ''BaseballBat''. `NOTE that there are baseball players who have stroked a ball with one arm, so 'two arms' is not necessarily the bodypart used (though almost always). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stroke' and WN verb 'stroke': 2. (1) stroke - (strike a ball with a smooth blow)`
Super-classes	Whacking^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Arm^c isCausedBy^op value SwingingAtaBaseball^c hadObjectStruck^op value BaseballBall^c requiredInstrument^op value BaseballBat^c mayCause^op value FlyBall^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value BaseballPlayer^c occursDuring^op value Batting^c

HittingaGolfballWithaClub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HittingaGolfballWithaClub`
Description	''HittingaGolfballWithaClub'' is a ''Whacking' where the thing whacked is a ''GolfBall'' and the instrument of the ''Whacking'' is a ''GolfClub''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf stroke' and part of sense 2 of verb 'stroke' in WordNet: 1. golf stroke, golf shot, swing - (the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it) WN verb 'stroke': 2. (1) stroke - (strike a ball with a smooth blow)`
Super-classes	Whacking^c PropellingaBall^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op value GolfBall^c isaSubEventOf^op value GolfGame^c requiredInstrument^op value GolfClub^c hasBodypartMoved^op value Arm^c isPerformedBy^op value Golfer^c
Sub-classes	TeeingOff^c Putting^c

HittingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HittingaPerson`
Description	Hitting a Person with some part of the body. this can be gentle or playful as well as violent. This can be part of a game such as football or basketball.
Super-classes	HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	PunchingSomeone^c Tackling^c

Hmm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hmm

Description

''Hmm'' is an 'interjection'. inserted between words or phrases of a spoken sentence, or before answering, suggesting that the speaker is thinking to recall something or perform some inferencing to determne some appropriate answer.

   RHW: 'hmm' or h'm:
       (used typically to express thoughtful absorption, hesitation, doubt, or perplexity.)

Super-classes Interjection^c

Ho^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ho`
Description	''Ho'' is a suddenly emitted word that may be part of a series as one manner of laughing ('Ho, ho, ho!').
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

HoHo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoHo`
Description	The 'ho-hoing' ('laughing') sound made by people who are amused, similar to ''Haha'' but with a lower pitch.
Super-classes	AnimalSound^c Laughter^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Laughing^c

Hoarder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoarder

Description

A ''Hoarder''is a ''Person'' who tends to keep objects of minimal or no value even after s/he no longer has any use for them, a form of compulsive activity distinct from the hobby of collecting things that have some kind of value, or from saving objects for realistically anticipated future use.

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'hoarder' in WordNet:
          1. hoarder - (a person who accumulates things and hides them away for future use)

Super-classes Owner^c

Hoarse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoarse

Description

''Hoarse'' is an AttributeValue of sounds, especially human voice sounds, that have a deep low tone and raspy quality.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hoarse' in Wordnet:
         1. (7) gruff, hoarse, husky - (deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting 
             or illness or emotion; 'gruff voices'; 'the dog's gruff barking';
             'hoarse cries'; 'makes all the instruments sound powerful but husky'- Virgil Thomson)

Super-classes Raspy^c

Hoax^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoax`
Description	A '''Hoax'' is a subtype of ''TrickingSomeone'' in which the perpetrator gains some advantage without necessarily causing monetary loss to the agent deceived. This comes in various forms, such lying about one's background or about facts that would encourage others to give the perpetrator something valuable. 'hoax' is used a a verb, but the verb sense corresponding to this meaning is not in Wordnet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoax' in WordNet: 3. (2) fraud, fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on - (something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage)`
Super-classes	TrickingSomeone^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some Benefit^c

Hobby^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hobby`
Description	An ''Hobby''is a ''Pastime'' that is pursued on a continuing basis, and has some aspect of continuity or development, as in building a collection or improving some skill that is not part of one's occupation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hobby' in WordNet: 1. (2) avocation, by-line, hobby, pursuit, sideline, spare-time activity - (an auxiliary activity)`
Super-classes	Pastime^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Hobbyist^c
Sub-classes	Collecting-Hobby^c CalligraphyWriting^c

Hobbyist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hobbyist`
Description	''Hobbyist'' is a ''Connoisseur'' who pursues some Activity as a ''Hobby'' rather than as a profession.. The level of skill can vary, but a true Hpbbyist will not be a beginner in the field. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hobbyist' in WordNet: 1. hobbyist - (a person who pursues an activity in their spare time for pleasure)`
Super-classes	Connoisseur^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Hobby^c
Sub-classes	BirdWatcher^c Spelunker^c

Hobo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hobo

Description

A homeless ''Drifter'' usually having an unkempt appearance and considered as of low moral character (vagabonds, bums, hoboes).

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hobo' in Wordnet:
        1. tramp, hobo, bum - (a disreputable vagrant; 'a homeless tramp'; 'he tried to help
          the really down-and-out bums')

Super-classes Drifter^c

Hockey^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hockey

Description

This is the generic ''Hockey'' including both field and ice hockey. NOTE that this is the abstract specification, not an execution of the game, which is an Action.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hockey' in WordNet:
         1. field hockey, hockey -
            (a game resembling ice hockey that is played on an open field;
             two opposing teams use curved sticks try to 
             drive a ball into the opponents' net)
         2. ice hockey, hockey, hockey game - (a game played on an ice rink 
            by two opposing teams of six skaters each who try to knock
            a flat round puck into the opponents' goal with angled sticks)

Super-classes Sport^c

Hodgepodge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hodgepodge`
Description	CYC: A Collection of multiple objects that have significant differences in their categories. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hodgepodge' in WordNet: 1. (1) odds and ends, oddments, melange, farrago, ragbag, mishmash, mingle-mangle, hodgepodge, hotchpotch, gallimaufry, omnium-gatherum - (a motley assortment of things)`
Super-classes	Variety^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Curio^c

Hoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoe`
Description	A Device which consists of a long handle, and a head having a flat metal blade for moving soil around. `verb 'hoe': 1. hoe - (dig with a hoe; 'He is hoeing the flower beds') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoe' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hoe - (a tool with a flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle)`
Super-classes	GardeningTool^c HandTool^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value DiggingInTheGround^c hasPhysicalPart^op value LongHandle^c hasEndingObject^op value HoeBlade^c

HoeBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoeBlade`
Description	A ''HoeBlade'' is a small ''MetalPlate'' that is fastened to the end of a pole to constitute a ''Hoe''. Very specialized, because it has a distinctive shape and location.
Super-classes	MetalPlate^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 40.0^c isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op value Hoe^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c hasShape^op value Rectangular^c

HoistingaFlag^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoistingaFlag

Description

''HoistingaFlag'' is a ''Raising'' Action in which some ''Person''(s) causes a ''Flag'' to move upward (usually supported by a ''Halyard'' supported by a ''Flagpole''), up from 'ground level' (which is the level of whatever object is supporting the Flagpole, which could be a Ship). to a point higher on the Flagpole, which is near the top unless the Flag is being flown at 'half-staff'.

         Corresponds to part (for a Flag) of verb sense 3 of 'hoist' in WordNet:
           3. hoist, run up - (raise; 'hoist the flags'; 'hoist a sail')

Super-classes Raising^c

Holder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Holder`
Description	SUMO: A large class of Devices whose purpose is to 'hold' something else, i.e. be the instrument of a Keeping. The Holding can be temporary, and does not have to be firm: a Dish is a Holder (for Food). A ''ButtonHole'' is a ''Holder'' for a ''Button''. IN WN a ''Clamp'' is a ''Artifact-NonAgentive''and `NOTE: a ''Holder'' is an ''Artifact-NonAgentive''and therefore cannot be an inteigent agent, like an ''Automaton''. COSMO note: this may be too broad - for a seat to be a 'holder' seems somewhat abstract. But will be left in for compatibility and it may prove useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holder' in Wordnet: 1. (23) holder - (a holding device; 'a towel holder')`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c HoldingDevice^c Device^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value HoldingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	WindowFrame^c Oarlock^c NapkinRing^c Candlestick^c Storehouse^c SeatingDevice^c HolderGripper^c Tripod^c PictureFrame^c Pincushion^c NearlyFlatHolder^c OrnamentalVase^c Vase^c Rack^c

HolderGripper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolderGripper`
Description	A specialization of#$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$HolderGripper is an object that can apply pressure to another object and thereby grip it in such a way that its motion is restricted. `NOTE: this includes not only the subtype ''GrippingTool''s that are held in the hands, but ''Vise''s and other Devices designed to hold things in position for them to be modified. Many industrial devices in maufacturing factories will be instances of this.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Holder^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GrippingWithHands^c
Sub-classes	Hand^c Arm^c Vise^c Claw^c Suspenders^c Tentacle^c Pincer^c Wrench^c GrippingTool^c

HolderType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolderType`
Description	ContainerType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for 'Holders' and 'Containers' and an argument restriction for various relations on container types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. 'Containers' can be artifacts or natural objects.
Super-classes	ArtifactObjectType^c
Sub-classes	ContainerType^c
Members	PictureFrame WaterStorageObject WaterWorks WindowFrame

HoldingAParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingAParty`
Description	HoldingAParty is a type of 'HoldingAnEvent'. An Agent (or Group of Agents) Organizes, plans, and manages a 'Party', a social Event The mecessary result of this Action is a 'GatheringTogether' of people. Common uses are 'hold a party' or 'hold a rally' or 'hold a meeting'. For parties, this can be expressed as 'throw' or 'give' as well as 'hold' The 'Host' is considered the main participant, and related by 'hadMainParticipant'. For an Honoree (e.g. at a bithday party). The birthday person at a birthday party would be related by 'hadHonoree'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hold' in WordNet: 1. (1134) hold, throw, have, make, give - (organize or be responsible for; 'hold a reception'; 'have, throw, or make a party'; 'give a course')
Super-classes	HoldingAnEvent^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Party^c hadMainParticipant^op some Host^c

HoldingAgainstAttack^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingAgainstAttack

Description

The specific sense of 'Defending' in which some Agent tries to hold a position or defend some place or object against an attack by an opponent in some form of conflict or competition. 'Defending' a goal in a game is an instance.

     Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'defend' and sense 23
     of 'hold' in WordNet:
     3. (3) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack;
        'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against 
         the enemy's attacks')
     WN cerb 'hold':
     23. (13) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack;
        'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against
         the enemy's attacks')

Super-classes ConflictEvent^c
Defending^c

HoldingAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingAnEvent`
Description	'HoldingAnEvent' is an Action in which some Agent (or Group of Agents) Organizes, plans, and manages some Event or series of Events where a Group of people attend. The Event organized can be social, as a party, or more formal, such as a lecture, or lecture course. This is the whole complex of Events from the planning stage to the execution and termination. The mecessary result of this Action is a 'GatheringTogether' of people. Common uses are 'hold a party' or 'hold a rally' or 'hold a meeting'. For parties, this can be sxpressed as 'throw' or 'give' as well as 'hold' @ToDO; The Agent that is the principal initiating actor in 'HoldingAnEvent' when the Event is a Social event is a 'Host'. For more formal Events, there is an 'organizer' How to relate theses? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hold' in WordNet: 1. (1134) hold, throw, have, make, give - (organize or be responsible for; 'hold a reception'; 'have, throw, or make a party'; 'give a course')
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c ControllingSomething^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some GatheringTogetherOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	HoldingAParty^c

HoldingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingAnObject`
Description	NOTE: this 'holding' is not necessarily with the hands - it can be with claw or talon or jaws, a forceps, or a noosed rope or any Device that can hold onto an Object. Some force is exerted in HoldingAnObject, whether by supporting an Object against gravity,or by pulling on the object in some direction. CYC: The collection of #$StaticSituations in which some object acts to hold one or more other objects stationary in some reference frame. For example, a nail may hold two boards together, a seat may hold a person in place, a person may hold an object with a hand tool. Note that in another frame of reference the object need not be stationary. For example, one of the subevents of a #$CarryingWhileLocomoting is a #$HoldingAnObject. Thus, although the object is moving it is stationary in relation to the #$transporter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hold' and verb sense 2 of 'clutch' in Wordnet: 1. (6) clasp, clench, clutch, clutches, grasp, grip, hold - (the act of grasping; 'he released his clasp on my arm'; 'he has a strong grip for an old man'; 'she kept a firm hold on the railing') WN verb 'clutch': 2. (1) cling to, hold close, hold tight, clutch - (hold firmly, usually with one's hands; 'She clutched my arm when she got scared') WN verb 'grip': 1. (10) grip - (hold fast or firmly; 'He gripped the steering wheel')
Super-classes	ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent^c TouchingState^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value MovingAwayFromSomething^c hinders^op value Motion^c hadThingAffected^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	SupportingSomethingWithTheHand^c Lassoing^c HoldingUpPants^c

HoldingAnObjectInPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingAnObjectInPlace`
Description	''HoldingAnObjectInPlace'' is a 'HoldingOnToAnObject'' that is intended to prevent an Object from moving in any manner while the object is being modified in some way. This is the characteristic function of a ''Vise'' and similar mounted ''HolderGripper''s.
Super-classes	HoldingOnToAnObject^c
Restrictions	prevents^op some Motion^c

HoldingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingDevice`
Description	NOTE: Unclear how this differs from subtype 'holder'. Perhaps this is for 'holding things still'? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holding device' in WordNet: 1. holding device - (a device for holding something)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Device^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value HoldingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	Clamp^c Holder^c

HoldingOffActing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingOffActing`
Description	''HoldingOffActing'' is a ''Waiting'' in which some IntelligentAgent refrains from performing some Action that has been considered or planned. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hold off' in WordNet: 2. wait, hold off, hold back - (wait before acting; 'the scientists held off announcing their results until they repeated the experiment')`
Super-classes	Waiting^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op value PossibleFutureAction^c

HoldingOnToAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingOnToAnObject`
Description	COSMO note: 'HoldingOnToAnObject'' includes ''Touching'' an Object and is a ''SqueezingEvent''. This is the general case of holding something by a applying pressure from at least two sides, including manipulating with the hands, or with hand-held tools or any other kind of tools, and includes just holding things in place (e.g. to be worked by other tools or machinery), or to hold it so as to move it around. This does not require ''UsingTheHand'', though it usually does involve handling in some manner. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hold on' in WordNet: 1. (5) grasp, hold on - (hold firmly)`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c ControllingSomething^c SqueezingEvent^c Touching^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	HandlingAnObject^c HoldingAnObjectInPlace^c

HoldingTheStakes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingTheStakes`
Description	''HoldingTheStakes'' is the ''Keeping'' of the ''Stakes'' on behalf of the people who placed a bet among them.
Super-classes	KeepingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Stakes^c isPerformedBy^op value StakesHolder^c

HoldingUpPants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingUpPants`
Description	''HoldingUpPants'' is a ''Holding'' in which a pair of ''Trousers'' worn by a person is held in some manner so that they do not fall. This can be done by a belt, suspenders, or the elastic waistband in any kind of ''Pants''.
Super-classes	HoldingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value PantsFallingDown^c hadObjectTouched^op value Pants^c

HoldingWithHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoldingWithHand`
Description	When #$HoldingWithHand, the object held is grasped (gripped and held tight), not just supported. In order to hold something one must first grab it. Also one never holds anything forever. Thus it is redundant to state that a holding and a grabbing or releasing are all #$subEvents of some event. #$HoldingWithHand is agnostic as to whether the performer is holding the object with one hand or both. Each 'HoldingWithHand' starts with a 'GrabbingOntoWithHand' subevent (actually, part of the grabbing precedes the holding: @ToDo, this needs to be resolved precisely) `For a firm ''HoldingWithHand'' use subtype ''Grasping''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'hold' (for holding in the hand) in WordNet: 3. (434) hold, take hold - (have or hold in one's hands or grip; 'Hold this bowl for a moment, please'; 'A crazy idea took hold of him') WN noun 'grip': 1. (7) clasp, clench, clutch, clutches, grasp, grip, hold - (the act of grasping; 'he released his clasp on my arm'; 'he has a strong grip for an old man'; 'she kept a firm hold on the railing')`
Super-classes	SupportingSomethingWithTheHand^c
Restrictions	hasStartingEvent^op some GrabbingOntoWithHand^c
Sub-classes	DanglingFromTheHand^c Embracing^c

Holdings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Holdings`
Description	Each ''Holdings'' is a ''Group''of ''Possession''s, that are ''PhysicalObject''s, owned by one LegalAgent. The term is used variously, to specify the Objects in the collections of a Museum, or in the collection of some 'collector' who is not a professional. CYC: A collection of groups of objects, tangible or intangible, which have some special financial, scientific, cultural, or educational value. An instance of #$Holdings is a group of objects kept and usually maintained by some agent for their value, or to preserve the objects, or to make them available for public display or use (as in a museum's 'holdings' or a library's 'holdings'). The group-members (see the predicate #$groupMembers) in a group of holdings may or may not be all of a similar type (e.g., books, paintings). An agent's holdings may or may not all be kept in the same location. The individual elements of this Group are each some ''Property'' as is the entire Group. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'holding' in WordNet: 2. property, belongings, holding, material possession - (something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone; 'that hat is my property'; 'he is a man of property';)
Super-classes	Object^c Property^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Property^c

Hole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hole`
Description	A hole is a region of space located in a PhysicalObject in our universe, usually at the surface of the object, but it can be in the interior (such as holes in a block of Swiss Cheese). Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a Hole is defined as being a hole in something. The Hole does not contain any part of the Object in which it is a Hole (A 'Hole' that does contain some part of the Object would be a different type of thing - see CavityWithWalls, for one type of such a thing). Note that two Holes may occupy the same region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts. To be 'locatedAt' a PhysicalObject, the Hole only needs to be within the ConvexHull of the object, not fully surrounded by it. NOTE that the restriction that a Hole cannot contain any part of its host Object is not easily expressible in OWL and needs to be deferred until the FOL version of COSMO is created. The SUMO axiom expressing this exclusion is: (=> (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ) (not (overlapsSpatially ?HOLE ?OBJ))) SUMO: A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface of an Object. Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a Hole is defined as being a hole in something. Note that two Holes may occupy the same region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts. Any two hosts of a hole have a common proper part that entirely hosts the hole. A common host of two holes hosts all parts of the sum of those holes. Any object that includes the host of a hole is a host of that hole, unless its parts also include parts of that very hole. Overlapping holes have overlapping hosts. No hole is atomic. Holes are connected with their hosts. No hole can have a proper part that is externally connected with exactly the same things as the hole itself. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'hole' in Wordnet: 1. (12) hole - (an opening into or through something) 2. (9) hole - (an opening deliberately made in or through something)
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c PhysicalFeature^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	KeyHole^c EyeHole^c FingerHole^c PiercedHole^c

HoleInTheGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoleInTheGround`
Description	A HoleInTheGround is a gap in the surface of the Earth, or in some flat covering on the EarthsSurface, such as a paved area or road, created by a natural process or an Action; it is a CavityWithWalls, and therefore includes part of the Ground as well as the Cavity. It can be of any size, from a mole's hole in the soil to a large crater or a very deep well. It has a bottom and does not penetrate to the other side of the Earth. It can be long and narrow, such as a ''Gully'' or ''Arroyo'' (i.e. a RiverBed that is uusally dry), or as wide as a meteor crater. For a ''''HoleInTheGround'' that is be deeper (or if horizontal, longer) than the widest width of the opening at ground level,the subtype 'DeepHoleIntheground'' (mine, cave) is used For a ''HoleInTheGround'' that is wider or at least as wide as it is deep, the subtype ''Ditch' (''Gully'', ''Arroyo'', ''Trench'') would be used . `NOTE that because this includes part of the PhysicalObject (the ground) it is not a ''Hole'' (the cavity without the object it is in), but is a ''CavityWithWalls''. NOTE that a HoleInTheGround is located at a LandArea - but a Well under the ocean is also located in a WaterArea. The two types of area are not disjoint. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'hole' in WordNet: 5. (2) hole, hollow - (a depression hollowed out of solid matter)`
Super-classes	EarthSurfaceObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c CavityWithWalls^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value LandArea^c
Sub-classes	Ditch^c Quarry^c Burrow^c Pit^c DeepHoleInTheGround^c Pothole^c Burrowing^c

HolidayDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolidayDay`
Description	A ''HolidayDay'' is a ''HolidayTime'' that is a single ''Day'.
Super-classes	HolidayTime^c Day^c
Sub-classes	ChristmasHoliday^c EasterHoliday^c

HolidayEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolidayEvent

Description

COSMO note: In Cyc Holiday is an action, in SUMO a recurring time interval. We retain the SUMO time interval for the meaning of 'Holiday' and rename the Cyc concept 'HolidayEvent'.

     Cyc:   A specialization of #$HumanActivity.  Each
        instance of #$Holiday is an event featuring social
        celebrations and/or rituals.  Instances of #$Holiday
        typically last for one day (see the constant #$DaysDuration)
        and typically coincide with some day of the year (see the
        constant #$CalendarDay).  However, some instances of
        #$Holiday (such as the instances of #$ChanukkahHoliday or
        #$Oktoberfest-Holiday) last for several days.  While
        instances of #$Holiday are often annual events, they may
        also be one-time events or scheduled in some other manner.
        They are also contextual, as different nationalities and
        ethnic groups celebrate different ones.

Super-classes PurposefulAction^c
SocialOccurrence^c

HolidayTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolidayTime`
Description	COSMOnote: In SUMO, Holiday is a time interval, in Cyc an Event. This type is the SUMO time interval. Holiday is the class of time periods, (usually one ''Day'' but can be extended to more than one) that are observed as holidays in a country, culture, or religion. For a ''Holiday'' that is celebrated on a single '''Day'', use subtype ''HolidayDay''. close to RHW 'holiday' sense 1: 1. a day fixed by law or custom on which ordinary business is suspended in commemoration of some event or in honor of some person. Holidays may recur annually on the same date, or they may be moveable, for example, Thanksgiving Day falls on the last 'Thursday' of each November. see ''MovableHliday'' Because it recurs annually, a Holiday is also a 'RecurringTimeInterval'. Most 'holidays' are single days, but not all. This type may extend over more than one day, as with Rosh Hashanah: RHW: Rosh Hashanah a Jewish high holy day that marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year, celebrated on the first and second days of Tishri by Orthodox and Conservative Jews and only on the first day by Reform Jews. Not every Holiday is a Commemoration of an Event, but many are. Includes WordNet 'holiday', but is broader since it can include more than one day: in WordNet: 2. (4) holiday - (a day on which work is suspended by law or custom; 'no mail is delivered on federal holidays'; 'it's a good thing that New Year's was a holiday because everyone had a hangover')
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Sub-classes	HolidayDay^c FixedHoliday^c ReligiousHoliday^c MoveableHoliday^c

Holiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Holiness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holiness' in WordNet: 1. holiness, sanctity, sanctitude - (the quality of being holy)`
Super-classes	Goodness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Holy^c

Holistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Holistic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'holistic' in Wordnet: 1. holistic - (emphasizing the organic or functional relation between parts and the whole)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Hollow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hollow`
Description	An AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject that has a cavity inside of it, large enough that the outer shell is less thick than the diameter of the cavity. To be 'Hollow' the cavity must be at least one-third the diameter of the HollowObject. It is possible for something to have a 'hollow center' when the cavity is smaller than one-third the diamter of the object, because in that case, what is Hollow is the center of the object, (considered as a part of the whole object) not the whole object itself. NOTE: the WN gloss states 'having a space or gap or cavity'', so this can be used to include 'grooved' as some ''SnakeFang''s. The Cyc documentation is appropriate for 'HollowObject' rather than for the attribute: Cyc: The volume of the main cavity in a hollow thing is so big that it takes up a significant portion of the volume of the hollow object when that object is viewed from the outside. An unopened eggshell is considered to be #$Hollow in spite being full of its contents. A sponge would not be considered #$Hollow because no individual cavity is of significant size relative to that of the sponge. NOTE that the example of 'hollow cheeks' and the face being 'hollow' does not reflect the literal physical meaning of this type - even though the Wordnet gloss does suggest a meaning which is the same as the intended meaning (having a cavity inside of the object) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hollow' in WordNet: 1. (1) hollow - (not solid; having a space or gap or cavity; 'a hollow wall'; 'a hollow tree'; 'hollow cheeks'; 'his face became gaunter and more hollow with each year')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	TubeShaped^c Empty^c

HollowBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HollowBall`
Description	A ''HollowBall'' is a spheroidal PhysicalObject whose interior part consists of a vacuum or some gaseous substance different from the outer shell. There is no limit on the absolute size, but the interior part must have a diameter greater than half the diameter of the outer part. This includes balloons, the gas container part of dirigibles, soap bubbles, and chewing gum bubbles. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ball' in Wordnet: 3. (3) ball, globe, orb - (an object with a spherical shape; 'a ball of fire')`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c HollowObject^c Spheroid^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Spheroidal^c hasPart^op value Cavity^c
Sub-classes	BubbleInAir^c HollowLiquidBall^c

HollowLiquidBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HollowLiquidBall`
Description	A ''HollowLiquidBall'' is a ''HollowBall'' the outer spheroidal ring of which is a liquid or semi-liquid object.
Super-classes	HollowBall^c LiquidObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Spheroidal^c
Sub-classes	SoapBubble^c

HollowObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HollowObject`
Description	COSMO note: HollowObject is not a subtype of 'CavityWithWalls' because cavity part of a CavityWithWalls is the main part of the Object, whereas the cavity in a HollowObject is not part of the HollowObject, but is contained in it. `Cyc: The volume of the main cavity in a hollow thing is so big that it takes up a significant portion of the volume of the hollow object when that object is viewed from the outside. An unopened eggshell is considered to be #$Hollow in spite being full of its contents. A sponge would not be considered #$Hollow because no invidual cavity is of significant size relative to that of the sponge.`
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hollow^c
Sub-classes	HollowBall^c Pipe-GenericConduit^c TubularObject^c CylindricalHollowObject^c GourdBottle^c

Holly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Holly`
Description	May be a Tree or shrub. FOr the Tree use subtpe ''HollyTree''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holly' in WordNet: 1. holly - (any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges)`
Super-classes	EvergreenPlant^c
Sub-classes	HollyTree^c

HollyTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HollyTree

Description

Specifically for the Tree.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holly' in Wordnet:
           1. holly - (any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries 
             and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges)

Super-classes Holly^c
Tree^c
EvergreenTree^c

Holmium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Holmium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of holmium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holmiun' in WordNet:
          1. holmium, Ho, atomic number 67 - 
            (a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; 
            occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds)

Super-classes RareEarthElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Holster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Holster`
Description	Devices usually made of fabric or leather, used for carrying firearms. `SUMO: A Container for a Pistol. It is generally made of Leather and worn on either the shoulder or the waist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holster' in Wordnet: 1. (5) holster - (a sheath (usually leather) for carrying a handgun)`
Super-classes	PortableCarrier^c SomethingToWear^c StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCarry^op value Handgun^c

Holy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Holy`
Description	An AttributeValue of Objects or Actions that are believed to belong to, or to have some close association with, a Divinity, and therefore are entitled to great respect or to veneration. There are several other senses of 'holy' and this sense is approximately equivalent to one sense of 'sacred'. Random House Webster 'sacred', sense 2: 2. entitled to veneration or religious respect by association with divinity or divine things; holy. Random House Webster 'holy', sense 5: 5. entitled to worship or veneration as or as if sacred: a holy relic. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'holy' and sense 3 of 'sacred' in WordNet: WN 'holy' 1. holy - (belonging to or derived from or associated with a divine power) WN 'sacred' 3. (1) consecrated, sacred, sanctified - (made or declared or believed to be holy; devoted to a deity or some religious ceremony or use; 'a consecrated church'; 'the sacred mosque'; 'sacred elephants'; 'sacred bread and wine'; 'sanctified wine')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Saintly^c

HolyCommunion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolyCommunion`
Description	In the Catholic tradition, the ''HolyCommunion'' is the taking in of the bread blessed and converted ('transsubstantiated') into the 'Body of Christ' by a Priest as part of the sacrament of the ''HolyEucharist'', and in some cases, taking wine also, either separately, or in a piece of the blessed bread dipped in wine. The blessed bread in modern days is a small disk 'wafer' that can be placed on the tongue. Taking the wine was not partof the modern western ceremony, but has resumed to some extent in American congregations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Holy Communion' in WordNet: 1. (4) Communion, Holy Communion, sacramental manduction, manduction - (the act of participating in the celebration of the Eucharist; 'the governor took Communion with the rest of the congregation')`
Super-classes	Sacrament^c Ingesting^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value HolyEucharist^c

HolyEucharist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolyEucharist`
Description	In the Catholic tradition, the ''HolyEucharist'' is the ceremony during which a Priest celebrates the Last Supper of Christ by converting bread and wine into Christ's body and blood. This is the " transubstantiation of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ ". That ceremony is followed by the ''HolyCommunion'' in which participants take the bread (these days a small disk 'wafer'). NOTE: this is a ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' in the beliefs of the ''RomanCatholicChurch''. Perhaps a different kind of change is needed - 'transubstantiation'. NOTE: This COSMO representation takes the ''HolyCommunion'' act of eating the blessed bread as being a 'subEvent' of this sacrament. It could be a following Event, but the two are so intertwined that making the two actions part of the same Event seems more perspicuous. Could be changed. The transsubstantiated bread and wine are not separately represented in COSMO, as they are seldom discussed directly. Could be added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Holy Eucharist' in WordNet: 1. Holy Eucharist, Eucharist, sacrament of the Eucharist, Holy Sacrament, Liturgy, Eucharistic liturgy, Lord's Supper - (a Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wine)
Super-classes	Sacrament^c Transforming^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Wine^c hadChangedEntity^op value Bread^c hasSubEvent^op value HolyCommunion^c

HolyMatrimony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolyMatrimony`
Description	''HolyMatrimony'' is the ''Sacrament'' of Matrimony among Christians, including a blessing by a Priest, that occurs at the same time and including the same components as the civil ceremony of ''"Marrying''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'matrimony' in WordNet: 2. matrimony - (the ceremony or sacrament of marriage)`
Super-classes	Sacrament^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value WeddingCeremony^c

HolyPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolyPerson`
Description	A ''HolyPerson'' is a person (alive or dead) who has some conspicuously deep religious behavior and is informally considered as a ''Saint'' even before s/he has died and been caonized by, e.g. the Roman Catholc Church. One recent example is Mother Theresa. The term is also used loosely to refer to people who are deeply and unselfishly dedicated to some good cause. This type is for people of deep religious conviction, whether alive or dead, who are widely considered as strong candidates for formal recognition as a ''Saint''. `''Saints'' who have died and beenn formally canconized are instances of the subtype ''Saint'' Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'saint' and sense 1 of 'holy person' in WordNet: 1. (3) saint - (a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization) 2. (2) saint, holy man, holy person, angel - (person of exceptional holiness)`
Super-classes	ReligiousFigure^c ReligiousPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HighlyRespected^c
Sub-classes	Saint^c

HolyPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HolyPlace`
Description	A ''HolyPlace'' is some generic ''Place' (Object or Region) that is 'holy' to some GroupOfPeople. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holy place' in WordNet: 1. holy place, sanctum, holy - (a sacred place of pilgrimage)`
Super-classes	Place^c Provenance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Holy^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mecca

Homage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homage`
Description	''Homage'' is a more formal and intense form of ''Deference'' 'paid' to a Deity or Person considered as Holy, like a a god or Emperor. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homage' in WordNet: 1. court, homage - (respectful deference; 'pay court to the emperor')`
Super-classes	Deference^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Deferring^c

Home^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Home`
Description	A Home is the primary residence of some person or Persons, not necessarily a detached dwelling `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'home' in WordNet: 1. (430) home, place - (where you live at a particular time; 'deliver the package to my home'; 'he doesn't have a home to go to'; 'your place or mine?') 2. (350) dwelling, home, domicile, abode, habitation, dwelling house - (housing that someone is living in; he built a modest dwelling near the pond; they raise money to provide homes for the homeless)`
Super-classes	Residence^c
Sub-classes	Fireside^c

HomeBuilder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeBuilder`
Description	COSMO note: the ''ConstructionCompany'' that does this tasl can be very small, only a few people. It will almost always be incorporated, but is not necessarily a Corporation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homebuilder' in WordNet: 1. homebuilder, home-builder, housebuilder, house-builder - (someone who builds houses as a business)`
Super-classes	ConstructionCompany^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BuildingaHouse^c

HomeGarden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeGarden`
Description	A Garden adjacent to a building, which does not have to be a residence - the garden in the courtyard of a professional building is an instance of this type. The restriction requires that instances of 'HomeGarden' specify the adjacent building.. `This corresponds to sense 3 Wordnet 'garden': NOTE: sense 3 documentation in WordNet does not require that plants be grown in the yard, but in COSMO sense 3 is a subtype of sense 1, and plants must be grown there. A paved-over yard is not a 'Garden' in COSMO. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of WordNet 'Garden' in WordNet: 3. (6) garden - (a yard or lawn adjoining a house)`
Super-classes	Garden^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some Building^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsGarden

HomeGrown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeGrown

Description

''HomeGrown'' is the AttributeValue of ''GreenGroceries'' (ftuis and vegetables grown for sale) that were grown to be used at home, or grown by the ''Vendor'' (e.g. and sold at a roadside stand near the place where they were grown).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homegrown' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) homegrown - (grown or originating in a particular place; 
              'stands selling homegrown fruits and vegetables')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HomeMade^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeMade

Description

This type assumes that ''HomeMade'' is always ''HandMade'' (any exceptions??); but The reverse is not always true.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homemade' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) homemade - (made or produced in the home or by yourself; 'homemade bread')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
HandMade^c

HomeOwner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeOwner`
Description	A Person who owns a Home. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homeowner' in Wordnet: 1. homeowner, householder - (someone who owns a home)`
Super-classes	Owner^c
Restrictions	owns^op some Home^c

HomePlate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomePlate`
Description	A ''HomePlate'' is a ''BaseballBase'' consisting of a pentagonal slab of rubber, where the batter stands to receive the pitch from the ''BaseballPitcher'' and attempt to hit the ''BaseballBall''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'home plate' in WordNet: 1. (2) home plate, home base, home, plate - ((baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score; 'he ruled that the runner failed to touch home')`
Super-classes	BaseballBase^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballDiamond^c

HomeRun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeRun`
Description	A ''HomeRun'' is a 'BaseballHit' in which a batter hits the ball fairly and without any errors by theopposing teams is able to run safely past the three bases andreach homeplate. Usually this occurs becuse thebatter has hit the ball outside the playing field, but an 'inside the park homer' also occasionally occurs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'home run' in WordNet: 1. (13) homer, home run - (a base hit on which the batter scores a run)`
Super-classes	BaseballHit^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c

HomeTown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeTown`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hometown' in WordNet: 1. (1) hometown - (the town (or city) where you grew up or where you have your principal residence; "he never went back to his hometown again")`
Super-classes	Municipality^c PlaceOfResidence^c

HomeWorkshop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeWorkshop`
Description	A room or part of a room in a house or home garage where things normally get repaired. Cyc: Probably contains a workbench. `In Cyc called 'Workshop' The WN'workshop' sense 2 seems to be usable for home or commerial worshops. This type is for home only. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'workshop' in WordNet: 2. (1) workshop, shop - (small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done)`
Super-classes	Room^c Workshop^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Home^c physicallyContains^op value WorkBench^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value ModifyingAnArtifact^c

Homeland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homeland`
Description	''Homeland'' is the term a person uses for the Counry in which s/he was born or of which s/he is a citizen; these two meanings can be distinguished - @ToDO. The term is also used to distinguish the territory of the nation from its foreign dependencies or foreign interests, as in 'homeland security'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homeland' in WordNet: 1. (2) fatherland, homeland, motherland, mother country, country of origin, native land - (the country where you were born)`
Super-classes	Country^c
Restrictions	hasHeadOfGovernment^op only HeadOfState^c

Homeless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homeless`
Description	''Homeless'' is the attribute of a Person with no permanent residence. This can be a temporary condition. A ''Nomad'' is not usually considered as ''Homeless''. `Corresponds to the literal part of adjective sense 2 of 'homeless' in Wordnet: 2. dispossessed, homeless, roofless - (physically or spiritually homeless or deprived of security; 'made a living out of shepherding dispossessed people from one country to another'- James Stern)`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Rootless^c

Homelessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homelessness`
Description	''Homelessness'' is the PersistentState of a ''Person'' who does not have a fixed place of residence. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homelessness' in WordNet: 1. homelessness - (the state or condition of having no home (especially the state of living in the streets))`
Super-classes	BeingSuitable^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Homeless^c

Homemaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homemaker`
Description	A ''Homemaker'' is a Person who assumes primary responsibility for managing the tasks involved in keeping a home living quarters clean and functional, taking care of any children, stocking groceries for meals, paying bills,etc. Traditionally this is performed by the wife, but more recently when there are women earning more than men, a man has taken on this type of task, and may stay home with the young children. But in such cases the family income is often sufficient that many of those tasks can be hired or contracted out to workers so that the time required is small and both partners work. the Homemaking tasks remaining can be shared. `The WN wifely labels have been retained here, but ''Homemaker'' should be treated sex-neutral. CYC: People who take care of a home and family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homemaker' in WordNet: 1. housewife, homemaker, lady of the house, woman of the house - (a wife who manages a household while her husband earns the family income)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Homemaking^c

Homemaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homemaking`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homemaking' in WordNet: 1. homemaking - (the management of a household)`
Super-classes	ManagementEvent^c WorkingEvent^c ActionGroup^c HouseholdRoutine^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Homemaker^c

Homeotherm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homeotherm`
Description	A specialization of #$Animal and an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType. Each instance of #$Homeotherm is a warm-blooded animal. That is, each instance is an animal that is able to maintain a stable body temperature relative to its environmental temperature. Cf. #$Poikilotherm.
Super-classes	Animal^c
Sub-classes	Mammal^c Bird^c

Homestead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homestead`
Description	A ''Homestead'' is a piece of RealEstate that has one ''Residence'' on it. `NOTE: a 'homestead' is udually used for the house and land used for farming, but not necessarily. Oxford Dict 'homestead' 1. a house or estate and the adjoining land, buildings, etc\|, esp\| a farm Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homestead' in WordNet: 1. homestead - (the home and adjacent grounds occupied by a family)`
Super-classes	ResidentialLot^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value SingleFamilyResidence^c

Homework^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homework

Description

CYC: The collection of all educational #$Tasks assigned by a #$Teacher to a #$Student to be performed outside of school hours. Generally involves reading, writing, and/or solving problems.

        NOTE that this is the 'Assignment', which is a ''Specification'';
           the actual performance of the assigment is ''DoingAHomeworkAssignment''.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homework' in Wordnet:
              1. homework, prep, preparation - (preparatory school work done outside school
                (especially at home))

Super-classes Assignment^c

Homicide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homicide`
Description	''Homicide'' is an act of ''KillingaPerson'' by another Person that may be but is not necessarily an instance of the subtype ''Murder'. A ''Homicide'' may be accidental, negligent, or justifiable. For intentional and unjustified ''Homicide'' use ''Murder''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homicide' in WordNet: 1. (1) homicide - (the killing of a human being by another human being)`
Super-classes	KillingaPerson^c CauseOfDeath^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c caused^op value DeathOfaPerson^c
Sub-classes	Manslaughter^c Murder^c

HomingPigeon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomingPigeon

Description

A subtype of pigeon.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homing pigeon' in WordNet:
         1. homing pigeon, homer - (pigeon trained to return home)

Super-classes Pigeon^c

Hominid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hominid`
Description	Includes Humans and relatively recent ancestors of Humans. `Sense 1 of 'hominid' inWordNet: 1. hominid - (a primate of the family Hominidae)`
Super-classes	Primate^c
Sub-classes	Person^c

Homogeneous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homogeneous`
Description	'Homogeneous' is an AttributeValue of Objects, Events, and Groups that asserts that each part (physical part for Objects, temporal part for Events, element for Groups) is of the same type as the whole. Since an object or Event may be of more than one type, the 'type' in common should to be specified, by some relation indicating the type that is intended by the attribute: for PhysicalObjects, the type that the parts have in common can be specified by 'consistsOfSubstance'; for Events or Groups, the relation 'partsHaveTypeInCommon' can specify the common type. For the subtype of 'Homogeneous' specifically modifying Groups of things (Objects, Events), use 'OfUniformType'. Homogeneity is a property that depends on granularity, as things will be Homogeneous (divisible into same-type things) only down to a certain granularity. That granularity may be temporal (for events) or spatial (for Objects). The granularity of a Group is always two elements of that Group, therefore only a PluralThing can be 'Homogeneous' Group (it must have at least two Elements). This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homogeneous' in WordNet: 1. (8) homogeneous, homogenous - (all of the same or similar kind or nature; 'a close-knit homogeneous group')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Whipped^c OfUniformType^c

HomogeneousGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomogeneousGroup`
Description	A 'HomogeneousGroup' is a Group that is classified by noting that each of the constituent elements are of a particular type. This notion can be expressed in OWL by using a restriction on the relation 'hasComponentElement', with the value of 'allValuesFrom' expressing the type that is in common. This is useful to represent things like Groups of people. The relation 'partsHaveTypeInCommon' can also be used, but that is not related in the OWL version by a rule asserting that that relation implies that every element is of the same type.
Super-classes	Group^c HomogeneousThing^c
Restrictions	partsHaveTypeInCommon^op some owl:Class^c
Sub-classes	GroupOfIntentionalAgents^c ChristianGroup^c MuslimGroup^c ObjectGroup^c

HomogeneousObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomogeneousObject`
Description	A HomogeneousObject is a PhysicalObject that can be divided at least once to produce parts that are of the same chemical composition. This is close to the meaning of substance in Cyc - a type whose instances are objects consisting of a particular substance..
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c HomogeneousThing^c
Sub-classes	HomogeneousSolidObject^c Hunk^c Lump^c GranularObject^c

HomogeneousSolidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomogeneousSolidObject`
Description	A 'HomogeneousSolidObject' is a HomogeneousObject that is a solid. This type represents the most most common sense for the notion of a 'piece of X',where X is a solid substance (iron, lead, clay, etc.). 'found a piece of iron on the ground'; 'found pieces of glass on the floor'. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'piece' in WordNet: 3. (8) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite')`
Super-classes	HomogeneousObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SolidSubstance^c partsHaveTypeInCommon^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	PieceOfChocolate^c PieceOfGravel^c MusicalString^c PieceOfCloth^c Sediment^c StoneObject-Natural^c MetalObject^c PieceOfDimensionalLumber^c GlassObject^c PieceOfPlasticFilm^c PieceOfString^c PieceOfThread^c RopeOrCable^c PieceOfAnObject^c StringOrLine^c PieceOfWood^c Screen^c PieceOfGold^c PieceOfRope^c StoneObject^c PieceOfTissuePaper^c

HomogeneousThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomogeneousThing`
Description	A HomogeneousThing is an Entity that can be divided at least once to produce parts that are of the same type. This can be a relatively homogeneous material like clay or water, or a Group of Objects having some type in common, such as the cookies in a box of cookies.
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	partsHaveTypeInCommon^op some owl:Thing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Homogeneous^c
Sub-classes	Solution^c HeterogeneousGroup^c HomogeneousGroup^c HomogeneousObject^c

HomogenizedMilk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomogenizedMilk

Description

''HomogenizedMilk'' is ''Milk'' that has been subjected to ''HomogenizingMilk''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homogenized milk' in WordNet:
         1. homogenized milk - (milk with the fat particles broken up 
           and dispersed uniformly so the cream will not rise)

Super-classes Milk^c

Homogenizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homogenizing`
Description	the class of events in which an object is homogenized. `NOTE: This is for physical mixing events, and does not include ''making equal' in the usual sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homogenize' in WordNet: 1. (1) homogenize, homogenise - (cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing; 'homogenize the main ingredients')`
Super-classes	DispersionOfStuff^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c
Sub-classes	HomogenizingMilk^c Kneading^c

HomogenizingMilk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomogenizingMilk`
Description	''HomogenizingMilk''is a ''Homogenizing'' the class of events in which Milk from the Cow is homogenized by vigorous mixing so that the cream fat is broken into small globules that are kept separate by chemical forces and no longer merge and rise to .make two phases.
Super-classes	Homogenizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value HomogenizedMilk^c

Homosexual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homosexual

Description

''Homosexual'' does not necessarily mean that the person so characterized never has sexual relations with someone of the opposite sex. This is for the predominant sexual orientation.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homosexual' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) homosexual - (sexually attracted to members of your own sex)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HomosexualHuman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomosexualHuman`
Description	CYC: The collection of persons whose sexual preference is predominantly for other persons of the same sex. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homosexual' in WordNet: 1. (1) homosexual, homophile, homo, gay - (someone who practices homosexuality; having a sexual attraction to persons of the same sex)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Homosexuality^c
Sub-classes	Lesbian^c HomosexualMalePerson^c

HomosexualMalePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomosexualMalePerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of male humans whose sexual preference is predominantly for other males.
Super-classes	MalePerson^c HomosexualHuman^c

Homosexuality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Homosexuality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homosexuality' in WordNet: 1. homosexuality, homosexualism, homoeroticism, queerness, gayness - (a sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex)`
Super-classes	SexualBehavior^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value HomosexualHuman^c

Hone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hone`
Description	A ''Hone'' is a ''Whetstone'' that has a finely gritted flat surface. The difference between a ''Hone'' and ''Whetstone'' appears to be in the fineness of the gritting on the surface RHW 'hone: a whetstone of fine, compact texture for sharpening razors and other cutting tools. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hone' in WordNet: 1. hone - (a whetstone made of fine gritstone; used for sharpening razors)`
Super-classes	Whetstone^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value HoningaBlade^c

Honest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honest`
Description	An AttributeValue of people who are disposed to tell the truth and not cheat or defraud other people. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'honest' in WordNet: 1. (10) honest, honorable - (not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent; 'honest lawyers'; 'honest reporting'; 'an honest wage'; 'honest weight')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Frank^c

Honestly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honestly

Description

''Honestly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Assertion, indicating the the speaker is being truthful.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'honestly' in WordNet:
           1. (6) honestly, candidly, frankly - ((used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude)
             it is sincerely the case that; 'honestly, I don't believe it'; 
             'candidly, I think she doesn't have a conscience'; 'frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Honesty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honesty`
Description	A Feeling that disposes a person to be Honest - to tell the truth and not cheat or defraud others. This is represented as a 'BehavioralDisposition' rather than an attribute, because behavior is an aspect of Honesty that is not directly represented in attributes such as 'Honest'. `This corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'honesty' in Wordnet: 1. (2) honesty, honestness - (the quality of being honest)`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Honest^c
Sub-classes	Integrity^c Candor^c

Honey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honey`
Description	SUMO: An edible, sweet Substance produced by some species of Bees. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honey ' in Wordnet: 1. (9) honey - (a sweet yellow liquid produced by bees)`
Super-classes	AnimalSubstance^c Sweetener^c LiquidSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c Food^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value HoneyBee^c

HoneyBee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoneyBee`
Description	Wikipedia: A honey bee is a eusocial flying insect within the genus Apis of the bee clade, all native to Eurasia but spread to four other continents by human beings. They are known for construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax, for the large size of their colonies, and for their surplus production and storage of honey `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honeybee' in WordNet: 1. (6) honeybee, Apis mellifera - (social bee often domesticated for the honey it produces)`
Super-classes	Bee^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Honey^c canCreate^op value Beeswax^c

Honeycomb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honeycomb`
Description	A ''Honeycomb'' is the part of a .''Beehive'' made by ''HoneyBee''s where they produce and store 'Honey''and ''Beeswax'' and reproduce by nurturing a 'queen bee'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honeycomb' in WordNet: 1. honeycomb - (a structure of small hexagonal cells constructed from beeswax by bees and used to store honey and larvae)`
Super-classes	Habitation^c AnimalMadeShelter^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value HoneyBee^c containsSubstance^op value Beeswax^c containsSubstance^op value Honey^c

Honeymoon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honeymoon

Description

A ''Honeymoon'' is a Vacation (a TimeInterval) just shortly after a couple gets married, traditionally to get better acquainted without disruption of working activities.

         'honey moon'  means the 'sweet month' after the Wedding.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honeymoon' in WordNet:
          1. (2) honeymoon - (a holiday taken by a newly married couple)

Super-classes MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Vacation^c

Honeysuckle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honeysuckle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honeysuckle' in WordNet: 1. (1) honeysuckle - (shrub or vine of the genus Lonicera)`
Super-classes	Bush^c

HoningaBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoningaBlade`
Description	`hone`
Super-classes	SharpeningAnObject^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Hone^c hadObjectModified^op value Blade^c

HoningaSkill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoningaSkill`
Description	''HoningaSkill'' is a ''RefiningAnAction'' that develops a ''Skill' to a point near optimum performance. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hone' in WordNet: 2. perfect, hone - (make perfect or complete; 'perfect your French in Paris!')`
Super-classes	RefiningAnAction^c PerfectingSomething^c
Restrictions	improves^op value Skill^c

Honk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honk`
Description	This is the honk of a vehicle, not a goose. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'honk' (not from a goose, but from a vehicle 'reembling' the goose cry) in WordNet: 1. honk - (the cry of a goose (or any sound resembling this))`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c

Honking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honking`
Description	Each ''Honking'' is an Event in which a ''Honk'' sound is emitted by a vehicle. This type is for the vehicle; the Goose honking is represented by ''GooseHonking''. `NOTE: 'claxon' is rarely used as a verb,omitted here. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'honk' in WordNet: 1. honk, blare, beep, claxon, toot - (make a loud noise; 'The horns of the taxis blared')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Honk^c

HonkingaVehicleHorn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HonkingaVehicleHorn`
Description	Each ''HonkingaVehicleHorn'' is an Action in which a ''Driver'' of a vehicle activates the horn to produce a ''Honk'' sound. This is the action of the driver; the action of the horn Device is represented by ''Honking''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'honk' in WordNet: 2. honk, claxon - (use the horn of a car)`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Honk^c

Honor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honor`
Description	A BehavioralDisposition that disposes a person to be Honorable - i.e. to act honorably.. `This corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'honor' in Wordnet: 3. (3) honor, honour - (the quality of being honorable and having a good name; 'a man of honor')`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	mayBeAffectedBy^op value CodeOfEthics^c
Sub-classes	Morality^c

HonorAward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HonorAward`
Description	COSMO note: called 'AwardPractice' in Cyc. Each instance of this type is an abstract object conveyed from some Authority (some person or organization who created the type of award conferred) to an individual, organization, animal (first prize at a competition) or to some object (building, art work) The abstract award is often symbolized by presentation of a plaque, medal, trophy, or document. An academic degree is an HonorAward. An HonorAward is often, but does not have to be, in recognition of some distinguished action. Military medals (abstract version) are HonorAwards. Each HonorAward is considered in COSMO by convention as being created on the day it is formally presented. Cyc: A collection of intangibles. Each instance of #$AwardPractice is a distinction bestowed upon someone or something by an appropriately authorized agent, generally in recognition of some accomplishment and often as a result of a competitive process. Awards may be given to people, books, buildings, cities, etc. Note that this collection represents the awards themselves rather than tangible symbols of awards, such as medals or Oscar statuettes. Nor do its instances represent any money that might accompany an award. See also #$SymbolicObject, #$Token-Physical. NOTE: WN gloss says 'tangible symbol' but the parent types are abstract. This type is abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honor' in WordNet: 1. (11) award, accolade, honor, honour, laurels - (a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction; "an award for bravery")
Super-classes	MentalObject^c SymbolicThing^c
Restrictions	wasAssignedByAuthority^op some Authority^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value AwardSymbol^c
Sub-classes	Grammy^c VictoryAward^c MilitaryAward^c AcademyAward^c NobelPrize^c

Honorable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honorable`
Description	An AttributeValue of people who are disposed to behave according to principles - those conforming to accepted standards of social or professional behavior, particularly honesty and fairness. 'Fairness' requires that one follow the 'golden rule' of 'do unto others as you would have others do unto you'. This trait can be applicable in specific situations or for particular periods of time and does not necessarily imply that a person is always Honorable. This is hard to distinguish logically from 'principled'. Any suggestions? A part of 'Honorable' is to be 'Honest' - to tell the truth and not cheat or defraud other people. NOTE that ''Honored'' is not quite the same - that is an attribute achieved by social recognition, not by internal behavioral qualities. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 4 of 'honorable' in WordNet: 4. ethical, honorable, honourable, moral - (adhering to ethical and moral principles; 'it seems ethical and right'; 'followed the only honorable course of action'; 'had the moral courage to stand alone') WN adj 'principled': 1. principled - (based on or manifesting objectively defined standards of rightness or morality; 'principled pragmatism and unprincipled expediency'; 'a principled person')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Ethical^c Last-minute^c

HonorableBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HonorableBehavior`
Description	''HonorableBehavior'' is a 'MannerOfBehavior' that is characterized by an conformance to some code of ''Honor'' and Fairness.
Super-classes	FairPlay^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Honorable^c isCausedBy^op value Honor^c

Honorableness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honorableness`
Description	''Honorableness'' is form of ''Morality' that disposes a Person to do the 'honorable' thing, expeciallly when having some reason not to. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honorableness' in WordNet: 1. honorableness, honourableness - (the quality of deserving honor or respect; characterized by honor)`
Super-classes	Righteousness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Honorable^c
Sub-classes	Nobility^c

Honorary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honorary`
Description	`''Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'honorary' in Wordnet: 1. honorary - (given as an honor without the normal duties; 'an honorary degree')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Honored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honored`
Description	Having very high respect from most members of some community. Having the status of 'Honored' is equivalent to being in a state of 'Honor'. A higher level of geing ''honored'' is being ''Glorified''. `This is a state of being respected, and not a sense of honor or a personal code of behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'honor' in WordNet: 2. (3) honor, honour, laurels - (the state of being honored)`
Super-classes	HighlyRespected^c PastParticiple^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Revered^c Glorified^c

Honoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Honoring`
Description	''Honoring'' is a form of ''Praising'' that is conducted publicly, with the intention and typical result that the person honored gains the social status of ''BeingRecognized''. It results in someone having the attribute of ''Honored''. `(an expression of approval and commendation; 'he always appreciated praise for his work') Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'honor' in Wordnet: 1. (28) honor, honour, reward - (bestow honor or rewards upon; 'Today we honor our soldiers'; 'The scout was rewarded for courageous action')`
Super-classes	Praising^c
Restrictions	causes^op some BeingRecognized^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Public^c

Hood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hood`
Description	A ''Hood'' is a ''ProtectiveCovering'' that is attached only at one end of an object (or part of an object) and projects at least partly over the other end to provide some protection from things above the object. This is the most general sense including most things referred to as a 'hood' - on a carriage, on clothing, or on the front of a car. Subtypes can be created when needed. Includes noun senses 3, 4,and 5 of 'hood' in WordNet: 3. hood - (the folding roof of a carriage) 4. hood - (a headdress that protects the head and face) 5. hood, bonnet, cowl, cowling - (protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine; 'there are powerful engines under the hoods of new cars'; 'the mechanic removed the cowling in order to repair the plane's engine')
Super-classes	ProtectiveCovering^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CoveringSomething^c

Hooded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hooded`
Description	`No WN sense of 'hooded'`
Super-classes	Covered^c

HoodingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoodingSomething

Description

''HoodingSomething'' is a ''CoveringSomething'' Action in which a ''Hood'' is place over something; this included ''Hood''s for clothing (such as a jacket), cars, baby carriages, or any other object that may need protection from overhead light or rain.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hood' in WordNet:
           1. hood - (cover with a hood; 'The bandits were hooded')

Super-classes CoveringSomething^c

Hoodlum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoodlum`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoodlum' in WordNet: 1. hood, hoodlum, goon, punk, thug, tough, toughie, strong-armer - (an aggressive and violent young criminal)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ViolentAction^c

Hoodoo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoodoo`
Description	Usually an 'Object' that is believed to (or does?) cause Misfortune for some Animal (usually a Person), by some supernatural means. However only ''Action''s can 'cause' situations. So we use ''presenceCauses''. `Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'hoodoo' in WordNet: 3. juju, voodoo, hoodoo, fetish, fetich - (a charm superstitiously believed to embody magical powers) 4. hoodoo - (something believed to bring bad luck)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value Misfortune^c existsInContext^op value Superstition^c

Hoof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoof`
Description	A specialization of #$Nail-AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of this collection is a hard covering over the foot of an #$EquineAnimal, #$Ruminant, etc. Though the hoof is commonly thought of as the foot itself, this is not the case. `SUMO: The hard end of the Foot of a HoofedMammal. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hoof' in WordNet: 2. hoof - (the horny covering of the end of the foot in ungulate mammals)`
Super-classes	Nail-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op some HoofedMammal^c
Sub-classes	HorseHoof^c

HoofedMammal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoofedMammal`
Description	The Class of quadruped Mammals with hooves. Includes horses, cows, sheep, pigs, antelope, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ungulate' in Wordnet: 1. ungulate, hoofed mammal - (any of a number of mammals with hooves that are superficially similar but not necessarily closely related taxonomically)`
Super-classes	Mammal^c Quadruped^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op some Hoof^c
Sub-classes	Odd-toedUngulate^c Mule^c Antelope^c Rhinoceros^c PigFamily^c Buffalo^c Ass^c Camel^c Sheep^c Cow^c Horse^c Giraffe^c

Hook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hook`
Description	COSMO note: this is restricted to small hooks that one can hold in one hand. Industrial hooks would be of a different type. Some hooks, such as a ''FishHook'' might not be precisely characterized as a ''Fastener'' - perhaps more detail will be needed. A ''Hook'' need not solely consist of a 'curved' object,but must have a curved object as part of it. Other parts may be needed for various functions. `Cyc: A curved or angular piece of metal or other hard substance for catching, pulling, holding or suspending something. Includes noun senses 4 and 5 of 'hook' in WordNet: 4. hook, claw - (a mechanical device that is curved or bent to suspend or hold or pull something) 5. hook - (a curved or bent implement for suspending or pulling something)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Fastener^c CurvedObject^c
Sub-classes	FishHook^c CoatHanger^c ClothesHook^c CrochetingNeedleHook^c DraperyHook^c PictureHook^c

Hookah^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hookah

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hookah' in WordNet:
         1. hookah, narghile, nargileh, sheesha, shisha, chicha, calean,
            kalian, water pipe, hubble-bubble, hubbly-bubbly - 
            (an oriental tobacco pipe with a long flexible tube connected
            to a container where the smoke is cooled by passing through water; 
            'a bipolar world with the hookah and Turkish coffee versus hamburgers and Coca Cola')

Super-classes SmokingDevice^c

Hooked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hooked

Description

''Hooked'' is a subtype of ''Curved'' describing long and thin things that have a straight part ending in a ''Curved'' part. The Curved part may be U-shaped or CrescentShaped. A 'Fish hook' or crochet needle or Parrot's beak are examples. The ratio of straight to curved part varies, as does the degree of curvature of the curved part.

          NOTE: the terms are used very broadly, so that a 'aquiline nose' is
            only a borderline example of this sense of ''Curved''.

          Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'hooked' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) aquiline, hooked - (curved down like an eagle's beak)

Super-classes Curved^c

Hoop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoop`
Description	A ''Hoop'' is any ''LoopedBand'' that can exist free, though it may be attached to other objects; essentially, a rigid ring of some material. A ''HulaHoop'' or one hoop in a set of hoops in the ''Framework'' that is a ''SkirtHoop' would be instances. `The minimum diameter should be at least 4 centimeters, otherwise it would fit into some other category. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'hoop' in Wordnet; the uses are not restricted as suggested in the WN gloss: in WordNet: 2. (1) hoop, ring - (a rigid circular band of metal or wood or other material used for holding or fastening or hanging or pulling; 'there was still a rusty iron hoop for tying a horse')`
Super-classes	ClosedLoopObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 150.0^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 50.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c

HoopSkirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoopSkirt`
Description	A ''HoopSkirt'' is a ''Skirt'' that flares out toward the bottom, the lower part supported by one or more ''SkirtHoop''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoop skirt' in Wordnet: 1. hoopskirt, crinoline - (a skirt stiffened with hoops)`
Super-classes	Skirt^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value SkirtHoop^c

Hoot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hoot

Description

The 'Hooting' sound made by an Owl.

       Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of noun sense 1 of 'hoot' in Wordnet:
           2. hoot - (utter the characteristic sound of owls)
        WN noun 'hoot'
          1. (1) hoot - (a loud raucous cry (as of an owl))

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Hope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hope`
Description	The Feeling of 'hope' includes a Desire for something to happen, together with an expectation that it might happen (i.e. is not hopeless) This can be considered as a weak form of expectation or anticipation. Cyc: Expectation of fulfillment or success. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. Since a Feeling is an Event, this includes any interval of 'hoping' and also represents the verb 'hope' Corresponds to noun sense 2 and includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'hope' in WordNet: 2. (17) hope - (the general feeling that some desire will be fulfilled; 'in spite of his troubles he never gave up hope') WN verb 'hope': 1. (60) hope, trust, desire - (expect and wish; 'I trust you will behave better from now on'; 'I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise') 2. (37) hope - (be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes; 'I am still hoping that all will turn out well') 3. (23) hope, go for - (intend with some possibility of fulfilment; 'I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening')
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Desire^c
Sub-classes	Optimism^c Encouragement^c

Hopeful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hopeful`
Description	''Hopeful'' is the attribute of a person who has hope (experiencing Hope) for something to occur ('full of hope'); The other part of the WN gloss - inspiring hope - is represented by a different AttributeValue: ''InspiringHope''. @mod47 Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'hopeful' (having hope) in WordNet: 1. (2) hopeful - (having or manifesting or inspiring hope; 'a line of people hopeful of obtaining tickets'; 'found a hopeful way of attacking the problem')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c PersonAttributeValue^c

Hopefully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hopefully

Description

''Hopefully'' is an AdverbOfManner that modifies an Event or an assertion and asserts that the Agent of the action or of the assertion has hope for a desired outcome. This term can alos be used as a sentential odifier, prefixing a sentence.

       RHW: 1.  in a hopeful manner: We worked hopefully and energetically,
         thinking we might finish first.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'hopefully' in WordNet:
           1. (3) hopefully - (with hope; in a hopeful manner; 
             'we searched hopefully for a good position')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Hopeless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hopeless

Description

The attribute of a Plan of action that is doomed to be Futile (certain to fail). This also can be used of situations in which there is no plan that can succeed in producing the desired result, or in avoiding a serious impending problem, or the Plan that is contemplated or necessary is doomed to fail.

      For the attribute of a person who cannot be consoled or feels that s/he cannot succeed or
      improve their situation, use 'WithoutHope'

      NOTE that procedures that do not produce the desired results are labeled 'Ineffective' in COSMO;
        this type should be used to characterize undergoing Actions that cannot succeed in the
        current circumstances) even if the original procedure is often effective).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'hopeless' in WordNet:
        3. hopeless - (certain to fail; 'the situation is hopeless')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Hopelessly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hopelessly

Description

''Hopelessly'' as an adjective modifier tends to suggest that the attribute modified cannot be changed - at least easily.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'hopelessly' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) hopelessly - (in a hopeless manner; 'the papers were hopelessly jumbled';
               'he is hopelessly romantic')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Hopping^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hopping

Description

A means of animal propulsion in which the animal propels itself forward with its legs, so that the animal moves forward mostly while no part of the animal touches the ground. This means of propulsion is used, for example, by grasshoppers, kangaroos, and sometimes by birds while they are on the ground. A rabbit may move by walking or hopping. A single leap up and down in place is not a 'Hopping', as it is not a means of propulsion.

     Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hop' in WordNet:
       1. (1) hop - (the act of hopping; jumping upward or forward 
         (especially on one foot))

Super-classes Ambulation^c

Hopscotch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hopscotch

Description

'Hopscotch' is a game played by young children, hopping within a pattern of numbered boxes drawn on the ground. There are several variants of the basic game.

       From Wikipedia:
       Playing the game:
          The first player tosses the marker (typically a stone, coin or bean bag) into the first square.
          The marker must land completely within the designated square and without touching a line or bouncing out.
          The player then hops through the course, skipping the square with the marker in it. Single squares 
          must be hopped on one foot. For the first single square, either foot may be used. Side by side squares 
          are straddled, with the left foot landing in the left square, and the right foot landing in the right square. 
          Optional squares marked 'Safe', 'Home', or 'Rest' are neutral squares, and may be hopped through in any manner 
          without penalty. After hopping into the 'Safe', 'Home', or 'Rest' the player must then turn around and return 
          through the course (square 9, then squares 8 and 7, next square 6 and so forth) on one or two legs depending 
          on the square until he or she reaches the square with their marker. They then must retrieve their marker 
          and continue the course as stated without touching a line or stepping into a square with another player's marker.

         Upon successfully completing the sequence, the player continues the turn by tossing the marker into square number two,
         and repeating the pattern.

          If, while hopping through the court in either direction, the player steps on a line, misses a square, or loses balance, 
          the turn ends. Players begin their turns where they last left off. The first player to complete one course for every 
          numbered square on the court wins the game.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hopscotch' in WordNet:
         1. (1) hopscotch - (a game in which a child tosses a stone into an area drawn on the ground and 
            then hops through it and back to regain the stone)

Super-classes ChildsGame^c

Horde^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horde`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horde' in WordNet: 1. (3) horde, host, legion - (a vast multitude)`
Super-classes	Throng^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Large^c

Horizon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horizon`
Description	CYC: The collection of all horizons, each being the far-off region within a few degrees of the horizontal plane, where the sky appears to join the distant landscape. The horizon is always relative to a particular point of observation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horizon' in WordNet: 1. (9) horizon, apparent horizon, visible horizon, sensible horizon, skyline - (the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet)`
Super-classes	Place-NonAgent^c SpaceLine-Empirical^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c

Horizontal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horizontal`
Description	'Horizontal' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that have at least one long dimension that is oriented nearly parallel to the Earth's surface. This is an approximate attribute, and things can be more horizontal than others. The degrees of 'horizontalness' have not yet (v755 been specified. For Objects sloped upward by more than 20 degrees, but less than 45 degrees, use the parent ''MostlyHorizontal'', `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'horizontal' in WordNet: 1. (4) horizontal - (parallel to or in the plane of the horizon or a base line; 'a horizontal surface')`
Super-classes	MostlyHorizontal^c
Sub-classes	Level^c Longitudinal^c Toppled^c

HorizontalSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorizontalSurface`
Description	A HorizontalSurface is a flat artifact physical object (usually part of another PhysicalObject) that is intended to be used when oriented horizontally with respect to the Earth's surface (gravity), and typically is shaped and oriented that way because it is used to support something under gravity. `In some cases, such as the seat of a folding chair, the surface may not be oriented horizontally when not used as intended, or (for fixed surfaces in a construct) before it is installed in its intended location..`
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c
Sub-classes	CookingSurface^c WaterSurface^c HorizontalWorkSurface^c Sill^c PavedSurface^c Shelf^c

HorizontalTopSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorizontalTopSurface`
Description	A ''HorizontalTopSurface'' is an 'OuterPhysicalSurface' on the top of some ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' that is oriented ''Horizontal''.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'horizontal surface' in WordNet: 1. horizontal surface, level - (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; 'park the car on the level')`
Super-classes	TopSurface^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horizontal^c
Sub-classes	Runway^c

HorizontalWorkSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorizontalWorkSurface`
Description	A ''HorizontalWorkSurface'' is a ''WorkSurface'' that is ''Horizotal'' while being used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'work surface' in WordNet: 1. work surface - (a horizontal surface for supporting objects used in working or playing games)`
Super-classes	HorizontalSurface^c WorkSurface^c
Sub-classes	TableTop^c

Horizontally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horizontally

Description

''Horizontally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives or Actions to assert that they are performed or interpreted with respect to a ''Horizontal'' direction. The 'horizontal' can appply to ordering on a page of a document, meaning from left to right across the page.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'horizontally' in Wordnet:
           1. horizontally - (in a horizontal direction; 
             'a gallery quite often is added to make use of space vertically 
               as well as horizontally')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Hormonal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hormonal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hormonal' in Wordnet: 1. hormonal - (of or relating to or caused by hormones; 'hormonal changes')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Hormone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hormone`
Description	SUMO: In Animals, a chemical secreted by an endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. Plant hormones or synthetic hormones which are used only to alter or control various physiologic processes, e.g., reproductive control agents, are assigned to the Class BiologicallyActiveSubstance. Hormones act as chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad categories, viz. steroid hormones and peptide hormones. `Cyc: A substance formed in some organ of the body and carried by a body fluid to another organ or tissue where it has a specific effect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hormone' in Wordnet: 1. (6) hormone, endocrine, internal secretion - (the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect)`
Super-classes	Secretion-Bodily^c BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c BodySubstance^c
Sub-classes	Thyroxine^c InsulinTheSecretion^c Adrenaline^c ThyroidHormone^c SteroidHormone^c Thyrotropin^c

Horn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horn`
Description	A hard bonelike protrusion from the head of an animal. This includes the permanent and deciduous types. `CYC: 'Horn-AnimalBodyPart': Hard protrusion from the head of an animal, usually made from bone or cartilage, or, in the case of the rhinoceros, tightly compressed hair Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'horn' in WordNet: 2. (3) horn - (one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Protrusion^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	Antler^c

HornInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HornInstrument`
Description	SUMO A MusicalInstrument which is played by blowing it. It uses lip vibration to generates sound and control part of the pitch generation process as well. `Usually made of metal, but this includes more primitive types such as a Ram's horn, used as an instrument. Includes noun senses 5 and 9 of 'horn' in WordNet, and the specific subtypes: in WordNet: 5. (1) cornet, horn, trumpet, trump - (a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone; has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves) 9. French horn, horn - (a brass musical instrument consisting of a conical tube that is coiled into a spiral and played by means of valves)`
Super-classes	BrassInstrument^c
Sub-classes	Cornet^c

HornInstrumentValve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HornInstrumentValve`
Description	Specialized term significant in defining brass wind instruments. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'valve' in WordNet: 2. (1) valve - (device in a brass wind instrument for varying the length of the air column to alter the pitch of a tone)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value HornInstrument^c

Horned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horned

Description

''Horned" is the attribute of an Animal that has one or more hard ''Horn''s - on the head or (as in a Rhinoceros) the nose, or has some projections that resemble ''Horn''s.

     Includes adjective sense 1 of 'horned' and sense 2 of 'horny'  in Wordnet:
       1. horned - (having a horn or horns or hornlike parts or horns
          of a particular kind; 'horned viper'; 'great horned owl';
          'the unicorn - a mythical horned beast'; 'long-horned cattle')
      WN adj 'horny':
       2. horny - (having horns or hornlike projections; 'horny coral';
           'horny (or horned) frog')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Hornet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hornet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hornet' in WordNet: 1. hornet - (large stinging paper wasp)`
Super-classes	Wasp^c

Horny^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horny

Description

''Horny'' is the AttributeValue of Objects or ''SolidSubstance''s that resemble the composition of 'horn' (the horn of a rhinoceros) or a fingernail. This is not the attribute of 'having horns'. ('horned'?)

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'horny' in WordNet:
           3. corneous, hornlike, horny - (made of horn (or of a substance resembling horn))

Super-classes CompositionAttributeValue^c

Horoscope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horoscope`
Description	A ''Horoscope'' is a 'Prediction' about future Events in some Person's life. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horoscope' in WordNet: 1. (1) horoscope - (a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets)
Super-classes	Prediction^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some FutureSituation^c usesResource^op value Astrology^c

Horrible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horrible

Description

''Horrible'' is an attribute value of something (object or Event) that causes intense negative emotions in one who perceives it, especially fright or fear, or even horror.

    The term 'horrible' may be used as am exaggeration of things that are merely
      very bad (in the opinion of the commentator).  This type is for things that 
      genuinely may (but not always) provoke fear or horror.

   This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'horrible' and sense 2 of 'atrocious'
      in WordNet:
     1. (4) atrocious, frightful, horrifying, horrible, ugly - (provoking horror;
       'an atrocious automobile accident'; 'a frightful crime of decapitation';
       'an alarming, even horrifying, picture'; 'war is beyond all words horrible'- Winston Churchill;
       'an ugly wound')

Super-classes Abominable^c

HorribleThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorribleThing`
Description	A ''HorribleEvent'' may be an Object or a ''FrighteningEvent'' that provokes not just ''Fear'', but horror in persons perceiving it, perhaps by second hand (being told about it). `This corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'horror' in WordNet. 2. (6) horror - (something that inspires dislike; something horrible; 'the painting that others found so beautiful was a horror to him')`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value Horror^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horrible^c

Horribly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horribly

Description

''Horribly'' is an adverbial form derived from 'horrible' - though the usage varies.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'horribly' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) dreadfully, awfully, horribly - (of a dreadful kind; 
         'there was a dreadfully bloody accident on the road this morning')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Horror^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horror

Description

''Horror'' a feeling of 'Fear', combined with pain or revulsion at something seen or anticipated. This can be caused by an atrocity on people (a ''HorribleEvent''), or by an anticipation of being harmed. Without the revulsion, an intense ''Fear'' is better represented by ''Terror''.

      Close to noun sense 1 of 'horror' in RHW:
        'an overwhelming and painful feeling caused by something frightfully shocking, 
          terrifying, or revolting; a shuddering fear: to shrink back from a mutilated corpse in horror.'
     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horror' in WordNet:
       1. (10) horror - (intense and profound fear)
     WN Also included here is 'dread'; in WN dread seems to
     WN  include not only fear by anticipation:
     WN 'dread'
       1. (1) apprehension, apprehensiveness, dread -
        (fearful expectation or anticipation;
        'the student looked around the examination room with apprehension')

Super-classes Fear^c

Horse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horse`
Description	CYC: The collection of all horses, of all breeds; a subset of #$EquineAnimal. Horses may be domesticated (for riding, draught, racing or breeding) or wild; see #$DomesticatedAnimal, #$WildAnimal. #$Horse constitutes an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies (called Equus caballus). Horses can interbreed with donkeys to produce a nonfertile mule or a jenny (see #$Donkey, #$Mule). `NOTE: not all horses are domesticated - that would be a property of subgroups. SUMO: A domesticated HoofedMammal that is used for transportation and work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horse' in WordNet: 1. (103) horse, Equus caballus - (solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times)`
Super-classes	EquineAnimal^c HoofedMammal^c
Sub-classes	RaceHorse^c Stallion^c Foal^c Pony^c Mare^c SaddleHorse^c

HorseBack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorseBack`
Description	A ''BackOfaPerson'' is a ''Back'' (dorsal part) on a ''Horse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horseback' in WordNet: 1. (2) horseback - (the back of a horse)`
Super-classes	Back^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Horse^c

HorseCarriage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorseCarriage`
Description	Horse-drawn carriages. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'carriage' in WordNet: 2. (2) carriage, equipage, rig - (a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses)`
Super-classes	AnimalPoweredDevice^c Device-UserControlled^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Buggy^c

HorseFly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorseFly

Description

In WOrdnet sense 2 is a subtype of 'gadfly' - @ToDo - add 'gadfly'??

       Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'horsefly' in Wordnet:
         1. horse tick, horsefly, Hippobosca equina - (winged fly parasitic on horses)
         2. horsefly, cleg, clegg, horse fly - (large swift fly the female of which 
            sucks blood of various animals)

Super-classes Fly^c

HorseHairStrand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorseHairStrand`
Description	An individual ''Hair-Strand'' from a ''Horse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horsehair' in WordNet: 1. horsehair - (hair taken from the mane or tail of a horse)`
Super-classes	Hair-Strand^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Horse^c

HorseHoof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorseHoof`
Description	The bottom part of the foot of a ''Horse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horse's hoof' in WordNet: 1. horse's foot, horse's hoof - (the hoof of a horse)`
Super-classes	Hoof^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Horse^c

HorseRace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorseRace`
Description	A ''HorseRace'' is a ''Race'' in which the competitors are ''RaceHorse''s. `Performed by a Group of RaceHorses - need to elaborate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horse race' in WordNet: 1. (2) horse race - (a contest of speed between horses; usually held for the purpose of betting)`
Super-classes	AnimalSportEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value RaceHorse^c

HorsebackCavalryman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorsebackCavalryman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cavalryman' in WordNet: 2. (1) cavalryman, trooper - (a soldier mounted on horseback; 'a cavalryman always takes good care of his mount')`
Super-classes	HorsebackRider^c Soldier^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Horse^c

HorsebackRider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorsebackRider`
Description	A ''HorsebackRider'' is a Person who is transported (frequently, or occasionally, or as a profession, or as a hobby) on a ''Horse'', supported by that Horse's ''HorseBack''. 'equestrian' suggests a hobby, but no distinction is made yet. `Includes women: RHW: equestrienne n. a woman who rides horses. Includes noun sense 1 of 'horseback rider' (includes women!!) in WordNet: 1. horseman, equestrian, horseback rider - (a man skilled in equitation)`
Super-classes	Rider^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BeingOnHorseback^c performsAction^op some RidingaHorse^c controlsManually^op value Horse^c isSupportedBy^op value HorseBack^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horsemounted^c wasTransportedInEvent^op some RidingaHorse^c
Sub-classes	MountedPoliceman^c HorsebackCavalryman^c Jockey^c Cowboy^c

Horsemounted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horsemounted`
Description	`''Horsemounted'' is the attribute of a Person who is 'BeingOnHorseback''.`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Horseplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horseplay`
Description	Playing that involves some kind of physical contact between people such as shoving or hitting or throwing objects, with no intention and little likelihood of doing harm. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horseplay' in WordNet: 1. horseplay - (rowdy or boisterous play)`
Super-classes	Romping^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HittingaPerson^c

HorseraceTrack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HorseraceTrack`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dirt track' in WordNet: 1. dirt track - (a racetrack that is not paved)`
Super-classes	DirtTrack^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value HorseRace^c

Horseshoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horseshoe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'horseshoe' in WordNet: 2. horseshoe, shoe - (U-shaped plate nailed to underside of horse's hoof)`
Super-classes	MetalObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c ProtectiveObject^c SomethingToWear^c U-ShapedObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value HorseHoof^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value U-Shaped^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Horse^c hasThingProtected^op value HorseHoof^c

Hose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hose`
Description	A ''Pipe'' that is flexible and designed to carry a liquid or gas from a source (for water, often under some pressure) to another place - often to be released onto a surface, such as a lawn or a burning house. In laboratories and manufacturng installations, a ''Tubing'' subtype of ''Hose'' may carry any of various types of substances, liquid or gas.. `CYC 'hose': Flexible tubing usually used to transport liquids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hose' in Wordnet: 3. hose, hosepipe - (a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas)`
Super-classes	Pipe^c FlexibleObject^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value SprayingWaterDirectionally^c
Sub-classes	GardenHose^c Tubing^c FireHose^c

HoseClamp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HoseClamp`
Description	A ''HoseClamp'' is a metallic (plastic??) ribbon-like small band that has evenly spaced holes, with a holding piece allowing it to form a circular donut-shaped band, and allowing it to be tied tightly around the end of a flexible Hose into which another tubular object is inserted, and then tightened by reducing the length of the band, thus squeezing the flexible hose against the inner tube, sealing the connection by the pressure of the tightened band, so as to allow fluid to flow between the tube and hose without leaking. ''HoseClamp''s come in different lengths and widths, each being suitable for holding flexible hoses of different diameters.
Super-classes	RibbonlikeObject^c MechanicalDevice^c Connector^c Clamp^c

HosieryItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HosieryItem`
Description	Close-fitting covering for foot and ankle, and often the lower leg. This includes shorter ''Sock''s as well as longer womens' stockings An instance of this is a single object, not the collective term. `NOTE that this includes leotards, so it is not just underwear. SUMO: A piece of Clothing that is made of a soft Fabric like Cotton and that is intended to be worn on the Foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hosiery' in WordNet: 1. hosiery, hose - (socks and stockings and tights collectively (the British include underwear))`
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c FootwearItem^c Garment^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Foot^c
Sub-classes	WomensHosiery^c Stocking^c Leotards^c Sock^c

HospiceCare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HospiceCare`
Description	'HospiceCare'' is a form of long-term treatment that usually occurs at a special facility and is often used for end-of-life stages of treatment. `The 'hospice' medical facility is not represented in Wordnet. See ''HospiceFacility''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hospice' in WordNet: 2. hospice - (a program of medical and emotional care for the terminally ill)`
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value HospiceFacility^c

HospiceFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HospiceFacility`
Description	A Building which is used primarily for ''HospiceCare'. Not WN sense for this type. `RHW 'hospice': a. a health-care facility for the terminally ill that emphasizes pain control and emotional support for the patient and family, typically refraining from taking extraordinary measures to prolong life.`
Super-classes	MedicalFacility^c ResidentialBuilding^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value HospiceCare^c

Hospitable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hospitable

Description

''Hospitable'' is the attribute of people inclined to welcome people into their homes and feed or entertain them, i.e.to perform ''Hospitality''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'hospitable' in Wordnet:
          2. hospitable - (disposed to treat guests and strangers with cordiality and generosity; 
            'a good-natured and hospitable man'; 'a hospitable act'; 'hospitable invitations')

Super-classes Friendly^c
BehaviorAttribute^c

Hospital^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hospital`
Description	An Organization that provides medical care and operates at least one HospitalBuilding. Cyc: #$Hospital is a specialization of #$MedicalCareInstitution and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients. Each instance of #$Hospital is a local (at one site - see #$HospitalBuilding) organization composed of physicians, support personnel, and usually administrators. The main function of the organization is to provide medical care (short or long term) to a number of patients/clients, for a fee if the patient/client is able to pay. A clinic services out-patients, while a hospital has in-patients. A hospital may have a clinic as a sub-organization, though. SUMO: A CareOrganization where patients reside for a short period of time while they undergo treatment for a disease or disorder. There seems to be no WordNet sense for the Organization. See HospitalBuilding.
Super-classes	MedicalCareInstitution^c
Restrictions	owns^op some HospitalBuilding^c

HospitalBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HospitalBed`
Description	A 'Bed' designed to be used in a ''HospitalBuilding'', typically being more complex than a simple bed used in homes. A ''HospitalBed'' will be in some way adjustable, being able to be raised or lowered, or to have parts ('head' or 'foot') that can be raised or lowered so that the bed mattress is not flat. `A Hospital may have beds that are not specifically designed as a ''Hospitalbed'', so the inpatient capacity of a ''Hospital'' should be the number of ''Bed''s not the number of ''HospitalBed''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospital bed' in WordNet: 1. hospital bed - (a single bed with a frame in three sections so the head or middle or foot can be raised as required)`
Super-classes	Bed^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value HospitalBuilding^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adjustable^c

HospitalBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HospitalBuilding`
Description	A Building which is owned and operated by a Hospital (organization), and where medical care is given and where beds are provided for temporary residence of sick people. NOTE that a HospitalBuilding is a ResidentialBuilding, though that is not its main function. (The first sense of 'institution' in RHW is the Organization. - hence, definition of 'hospital' is ambiguous) Represented approximately by senses 1 and 2 of 'hospital' in WordNet,though it is unclear if either refers specifically to a building; both seem to be locations, though sense 1 may be part of a building. in WordNet: 1. (25) hospital, infirmary - (a health facility where patients receive treatment) 2. hospital - (a medical institution where sick or injured people are given medical or surgical care)
Super-classes	MedicalFacility^c ResidentialBuilding^c
Sub-classes	MentalHospital^c

HospitalWard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HospitalWard`
Description	This a structure that is a physical part of a Hospital building. ''HospitalWard''s are often numbers for use of thes taff and patients and visitors. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospital ward' in WordNet: 1. ward, hospital ward - (block forming a division of a hospital (or a suite of rooms) shared by patients who need a similar kind of care; 'they put her in a 4-bed ward')`
Super-classes	Lodging^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Hospital^c

HospitalWardRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HospitalWardRoom`
Description	A patient room which is shared by many patients. Called 'Wardroom' in CYC. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospital room' in WordNet: 1. hospital room - (a room in a hospital for the care of patients)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value HospitalWard^c

Hospitality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hospitality`
Description	''Hospitality'' is a ''Welcoming'' in which one person or group of people provide some food and/or services to other people arriving at the facility that the welcoming person controls, often the home of the welcoming person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospitality' in WordNet: 1. (1) cordial reception, hospitality - (kindness in welcoming guests or strangers)`
Super-classes	Welcoming^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Friendly^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Kind^c

Hospitalization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hospitalization`
Description	A ''Hospitalization'' is a ''TimeOfOccurrance'' (a ''TimeInterval' during which something happens) during which a Person is residing in a ''Hospital''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospitalization' in WordNet: 1. hospitalization - (a period of time when you are confined to a hospital; 'now they try to shorten the patient's hospitalization')`
Super-classes	TimeOfAnOccurrance^c
Restrictions	hasStartingEvent^op value Hospitalizing^c hasEvent^op value StayingInaHospital^c

Hospitalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hospitalizing`
Description	''Hospitalizing'' is a ''PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution'' in which the Institution is a ''HospitalBuilding''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hospitalize' in WordNet: 1. hospitalize, hospitalise - (admit into a hospital; 'Mother had to be hospitalized because her blood pressure was too high') WN noun 'hospitalization': 4. hospitalization, hospitalisation, hospital care - (placing in medical care in a hospital)`
Super-classes	PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution^c
Restrictions	starts^op value Hospitalization^c hadEndingLocation^op value HospitalBuilding^c

Host^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Host`
Description	A Person who organizes a social event and invites guests. This includes males and females. `This is a Role and the label ''Host'' only applies for the time interval during which the Person is doing the ''HostingGuests''. @ToDO; This is the Agent that is the actor in 'HoldingAnEvent' when the Event is a Social event. For more formal Events, there is an 'organizer' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'host' in WordNet: 1. (8) host - (a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value HostingGuests^c
Sub-classes	Hostess^c

HostForParasite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HostForParasite`
Description	Any organism that is supporting the growth of another organism or of a virus. 'Parasite' in this type is not only technical 'parasites' but includes infectious agents such as intracellular bacteria and viruses. `@ToDo: The ''supportsFunctioningOf'' restriction should be made into a subproperty for supporting growth (providesNuritionFor' ??). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'host' in WordNet: 3. (4) host - (an animal or plant that nourishes and supports a parasite; it does not benefit and is often harmed by the association)`
Super-classes	Organism^c Role^c
Restrictions	supportsFunctioningOf^op value DependentLifeForm^c

Hostage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hostage

Description

A ''Hostage'' is a 'Prisoner' who is being held by a captor (Person or Organization) as a 'bargaining chip' to obtain something from another Person who wants the Hostage to be released.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hostage' in WordNet:
      1. hostage, surety - (a prisoner who is held by one party 
      to insure that another party will meet specified terms)

Super-classes Prisoner^c
Role^c
Person^c

Hostess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hostess

Description

A ''Host; who is a ''Woman''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hostess' in WordNet:
          1. (2) hostess - (a woman host)

Super-classes Host^c
Woman^c

Hostile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hostile

Description

An AttributeValue of an Agent who is unfriendly with another to the degree that can cause the first Agent to act so as to insult or injure the other Agent.

     Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each
        instance is an agent in the emotional state of being
        hostile. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to
        denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional
        state to some varying degree.

        Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'hostile' in Wordnet:
           1. (5) hostile - (characterized by enmity or ill will;
           'a hostile nation'; 'a hostile remark'; 'hostile actions')
           3. (1) hostile - (very unfriendly; 'a hostile attitude')

Super-classes Unfriendly^c

HostileSocialAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HostileSocialAction`
Description	A specialization of both #$PurposefulAction and #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$HostileSocialAction is a hostile or pugnacious event, adverse to some agent(s), in which multiple agents, at least one of whom is acting deliberately, take part. Specializations of this collection include #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent and #$PoliticalDispute.
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c AntisocialAction^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hostile^c
Sub-classes	Harassment^c Vandalism^c Sabotage^c Extortion^c Hijacking^c Assault^c SexualAbuse^c AggressiveAction^c Persecuting^c Stealing^c

Hostility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hostility`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Hostility is some agent's feeling of strong antagonism towards some (individual or multi-individual) agent, sufficient to motivate harmful speech or actions against the latter. Instances of #$Hostility vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object of the feeling. One notable specialization of #$Hostility is #$Hate. `For a more intense feeling of hostility, the subtype ''Enmity'' can be used. This is not the same as ''Hate'',it can be an feeling of antagonism for an opponent (which does not preclude Hate as a component). Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'hostility' in Wordnet: 1. (3) hostility, ill will - (a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition; 'he could not conceal his hostility') 3. hostility, enmity, ill will (the feeling of a hostile person; 'he could no longer contain his hostility')`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Hatred^c Enmity^c Animosity^c

HostingGuests^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HostingGuests`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which an agent plays host to (somehow looks after the wants of) visitors, guests, etc. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'host' in WordNet: 1. host - (be the host of or for; 'We hosted 4 couples last night')`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value Visitor^c isPerformedBy^op value Host^c

Hot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hot`
Description	Hot is a QualitativeAttributeValue for objects, indicating that the temperature of the object is significantly above a person's body temperature. For air,'hot' starts at about 85 deg F. For solid objects, a temperature of over 45 or 50 deg C would start to be uncomfortable for a person to handle, and be considered 'hot'. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'hot' in WordNet: 1. (58) hot - (used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning; 'hot stove'; 'hot water'; 'a hot August day'; 'a hot stuffy room'; 'she's hot and tired'; 'a hot forehead')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	TropicLike^c RedHot^c Fiery^c Hotter^c Incandescent^c Steaming^c

Hot-Spicy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hot-Spicy

Description

Spicy tasting - of Food or FoodObjects. See also 'SpicyTasting' - redundant? @ToDo: decide.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 9 of 'hot'
      in WordNet:
         9. hot - (being very spicy; 'hot salsa'; 'jalapeno peppers are very hot')

Super-classes Spicy^c

HotAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotAir`
Description	Air that is ''Hot''. i.e. it has a temperature noticeably above rooom temperature. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hot air' in Wordnet: 1. hot air - (air that has been heated and tends to rise)`
Super-classes	Air^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot^c

HotAirObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotAirObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject consisting mostly of ''HotAir'', i.e. some quantity of ''Air''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value HotAir^c

HotChocolate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotChocolate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocoa' in Wordnet: 1. cocoa, chocolate, hot chocolate, drinking chocolate - (a beverage made from cocoa powder and milk and sugar; usually drunk hot)`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c NonAlcoholicBeverage^c

HotCookingVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotCookingVessel`
Description	A ''HotCookingVessel'' is a CookingVessel whose outside surface is too hot to hold comfortably in the hand, (greater than 55 deg centigrade), and, requires potholders to hold (if it doesn't have a cooler handle), and may need a ''Trivet'' for support to avoid damage to a counter top or table top.
Super-classes	CookingVessel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot^c

HotDogSandwich^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotDogSandwich`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hot dog' in WordNet: 2. hotdog, hot dog, red hot - (a frankfurter served hot on a bun)`
Super-classes	Sandwich^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value Roll^c

HotLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotLine`
Description	A ''HotLine'' is a ''TelephoneLink'' that is permanently available to transmit high-priority calls from one Head of State (or Government) to another It is usually highly secure. One example is the 'Hot Line' between Washington and Moscow. `@TODO: to add detail we need representation of telephone communication between heads of state. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hot line' in WordNet: 1. hot line - (a direct telephone line between two officials)`
Super-classes	TelephoneLink^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value HighPriorityCall^c

HotObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotObject`
Description	A ''HotObject'' is any PhysicalObject that is ''Hot''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot^c
Sub-classes	GlowingHotObject^c

HotPepper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotPepper`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hot pepper' in WordNet: 2. hot pepper - (any of various pungent capsicum fruits)`
Super-classes	Pepper^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot-Spicy^c
Sub-classes	ChiliPepper^c ChiliPeppers^c

HotSpring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotSpring`
Description	A spring which periodically emits steam and hot water. The water has been heated to boiling underground by lava, and is then forced up through the hole in the ground. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geyser' in WordNet: 1. geyser - (a spring that discharges hot water and steam)`
Super-classes	Spring-WaterSource^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Steam^c emits^op value HotWater^c
Sub-classes	Geyser^c

HotWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotWater`
Description	''HotWater'' is liquid ''Water'' that has been heated to or above 50 degrees Centigrade, and may exceed 100 degrees centigrade (boiling point at atmospheric pressure) if it is contained so that it is pressurized.
Super-classes	Water^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot^c

HotelBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotelBuilding`
Description	A building with bedrooms, which people pay to use. For smaller hotels, use the subtype 'Inn'. This type includes 'Inn' as a subtype,but preferrred usage is for hotels who primary purpose (rather than ancillary purpose) is to provide lodging. This include Motels as a subtype. A 'B and B' would be a borderline subtpe,being 'commercial' at times when space in it is actually being rented out. `For smaller hotels, use 'Inn'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hotel' in WordNet: 1. (39) hotel - (a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services)`
Super-classes	ResidentialBuilding^c CommercialBuilding^c
Sub-classes	Motel^c Inn^c Resort^c

HotelOrganization^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotelOrganization

Description

CYC: The collection of organizations which run a #$HotelBuilding.

    (not represented in WordNet)

Super-classes CommercialOrganization^c

HotelSuite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HotelSuite`
Description	A ''HotelSuite'' is a residence unit (''SingleResidenceUnit'') that has more than one room (''MultiRoomUnit''), located in a Hotel or Motel or Inn or BandB or other Building where temporary living quarters are rented out. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suite' in WordNet: 2. (2) suite, rooms - (apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel))`
Super-classes	SingleResidenceUnit^c TemporaryLodgings^c MultiRoomUnit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value HotelBuilding^c

Hothead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hothead`
Description	`NOTE: a '''Daredevil'' (swashbuckler) is represented in a different type Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'hothead' in WordNet: 2. daredevil, madcap, hothead, swashbuckler, lunatic, harum-scarum - (a reckless impetuous irresponsible person) WN noun 'hotspur': 2. hotspur - (a rash or impetuous person)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Reckless^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value TakingRisks^c

Hotheaded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hotheaded`
Description	''Hotheaded'' is a subtype of ''EmotionallyDisposed'' characterizing a Person who is easily roused to anger. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hotheaded' in Wordnet: 1. choleric, irascible, hotheaded, hot-tempered, quick-tempered, short-tempered - (quickly aroused to anger; 'a hotheaded commander')`
Super-classes	EmotionallyDisposed^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Anger^c

Hotly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hotly

Description

         Corresponds to adjverb sense 1 of 'hotly' in Wordnet:
           1. heatedly, hotly - (in a heated manner;
             '`To say I am behind the strike is so much nonsense,' declared Mr Harvey heatedly'; 
             'the children were arguing hotly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Hotter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hotter`
Description	''Hotter'' is the comparative of ''Hot''. NOTE: that something that is cold but has warmed up from a lower temperature would not be classified as ''hotter''. If needed,'warmer' or 'less old' types could be created.
Super-classes	Hot^c
Sub-classes	Overhot^c

Hound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hound`
Description	A subtype of ''Dog''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hound' in WordNet: 1. (2) hound, hound dog - (any of several breeds of dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears)`
Super-classes	Dog^c
Sub-classes	Basenji^c AfghanHound^c Bloodhound^c Whippet^c Beagle^c Dachshund^c Borzoi^c

Hour^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hour`
Description	The Class of all clock Hours. NOTe that this is not a measure, but some particular clock hour, e.g. from 3 to 4 PM, or 3:30 to 4:30 PM. `The WordNet 'hour' sense 1 does not distinguish between any measure of one hour and a specific interval of one hour in a day, so the time duration entry 'OneHour' is also labeled by sense 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hour' in WordNet: 1. (93) hour, hr, 60 minutes - (a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day; 'the job will take more than an hour')`
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHour^c

Hourglass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hourglass`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hourglass' in WordNet: 1. hourglass - (a sandglass that runs for sixty minutes)`
Super-classes	Sandglass^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHour^c

House^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#House`
Description	A ResidentialBuilding that is not an ApartmentBuilding. A House should be constructed as a single living unit, even if it is very large. If subsequently subdivided, it would still be a House - the original design function is the identifying criterion. A Palace would be a borderline subtype. `Called 'House-Modern' in Cyc. Cyc: Houses like those you would find in Europe, the US, and the larger towns and cities of the countries formerly colonized or conquered by the Western colonial/imperialist powers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'house' in WordNet: 1. (1029) house - (a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families; 'he has a house on Cape Cod'; 'she felt she had to get out of the house')`
Super-classes	ResidentialBuilding^c Residence^c
Sub-classes	Cabin^c Mansion^c SingleFamilyResidence^c Farmhouse^c Cottage^c SummerHouse^c RowHouse^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ

HouseBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseBoat`
Description	A specialization of #$Watercraft-Surface and #$HumanResidence. Each instance of this collection is a boat constructed with rooms so that it resembles a floating house. Note that boats large enough to resemble floating hotels rather than houses fall into other collections such as #$OceanLiner. `For COSMO the maximum length is set at 200 feet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'houseboat' in WordNet: 1. houseboat - (a barge that is designed and equipped for use as a dwelling)`
Super-classes	Barge^c Watercraft-Surface^c FuelPoweredDevice^c Residence^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 6000.0^c

HouseFly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseFly

Description

A medium-sized fly often found in houses, and prevalent in most areas of the world. The most familiar fly.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'house fly' in WordNet:
          1. housefly, house fly, Musca domestica - (common fly that 
             frequents human habitations and spreads many diseases)

Super-classes Fly^c

HouseMouse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseMouse

Description

A common mouse, prevalent throughout the world, and often found in or near human habitations. The most familiar mouse.

        Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'house mouse'
        in Wordnet:
        1. house mouse, Mus musculus - (brownish-grey Old World mouse 
         now a common household pest worldwide)

Super-classes Mouse^c
Omnivore^c

HouseOfPrayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseOfPrayer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'house of prayer' in WordNet: 1. place of worship, house of prayer, house of God, house of worship - (any building where congregations gather for prayer)`
Super-classes	ReligiousBuilding^c
Sub-classes	Chapel^c ChurchBuilding^c Abbey^c

HousePainter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HousePainter`
Description	Someone who paints houses as a job. This includes paining the exterior and interior (e.g. walls and ceilings). These may be distinguished. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'house painter' in WordNet: 1. house painter - (a painter of houses and similar buildings)`
Super-classes	Painter-Tradesperson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value PaintingaHouse^c

HousePlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HousePlant`
Description	''HousePlant'' is a loose informal category of plants that are used indoors for decoration, not more than 2.5 meters high (large plants may be used in large atria,but are not ''HousePlant''s. A ''''HousePlant''' can be of many types, often flowering plants, but also ferns or cacti. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'houseplant' in WordNet: 1. houseplant - (any of a variety of plants grown indoors for decorative purposes)`
Super-classes	Plant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 2500.0^c isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op value IndoorLocation^c

HouseholdAppliance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseholdAppliance`
Description	COSMO note: the Cyc documentation specifies this type as a subtype of 'MechanicalDevice' but there are strictly electrical devices that qualify, such as an electric stovetop. In COSMO this type includes certain electrical devices that are found in a household, including those that supply heat, and 'Iron-Appliance' for smoothing cloth. But light fixtures are not included in this type. NOTE that the kind of 'appliances'' that may be used in a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' other than a Residence, such as including large buildings is represented by the parent type ''Appliance''. Cyc: A specialization of #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$HouseholdAppliance is a device used in one of the tasks typically carried on in a home, such as food preparation, food storage, laundry, household cleaning, personal cleaning, and cooling or heating the house for comfort. Specializations of #$HouseholdAppliance include the collections #$Oven, #$Refrigerator, #$ClothesDryer, #$VacuumCleaner, #$HotWaterHeater, and #$Furnace. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'household appliance' in WordNet: 1. home appliance, household appliance - (an appliance that does a particular job in the home)
Super-classes	Appliance^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op only (PlaceOfResidence^c or Lodging^c or ResidentialBuilding^c)
Sub-classes	Cooktop-Device^c FoodOven^c KitchenRange^c Iron-Appliance^c

HouseholdAttachment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseholdAttachment`
Description	COSMO note: Attachments are attached to buildings. `Cyc: More or less built-in stuff like washbasins, closets, on the wall coat hangers etc. that one finds in houses or other buildings.`
Super-classes	Attachment^c DurableGood^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyConnectedTo^op value Building^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BuiltIn^c
Sub-classes	Fixture^c ShowerStall^c Toilet^c Mantel^c

HouseholdItems^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseholdItems`
Description	'''HouseholdItems'' are ProductObjects other than Food that are commonly used around the house in daily living, some of which are sold in a''Supermarket''. Things like paper products, pet products, personal hygeine products such as soap and toothpaste, cleaning products, and others.
Super-classes	Merchandise^c UsefulThing^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value HouseholdRoutine^c hasComponentElement^op only ProductObject^c

HouseholdLinen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseholdLinen`
Description	One ''HouseholdLinen'' is a piece of ''ManufacturedGoods'' that is not a ''ClothingItem''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'household linen' in WordNet: 1. white goods, household linen - (drygoods for household use that are typically made of white cloth)`
Super-classes	Drygoods^c
Sub-classes	BathLinen^c

HouseholdRoutine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HouseholdRoutine`
Description	A ''HouseholdRoutine'' includes those parts of a ''DailyRoutine' that are performed at home.
Super-classes	DailyRoutine^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Home^c
Sub-classes	Homemaking^c

Housekeeper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Housekeeper`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'housekeeper' in WordNet: 1. housekeeper - (a servant who is employed to perform domestic task in a household)`
Super-classes	DomesticHelp^c

Housekeeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Housekeeping`
Description	The kind of work in the home that a ''Housewife'' performs. With children at home,it is more than ''Full-time''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'housekeeping' in WordNet: 1. (2) housework, housekeeping - (the work of cleaning and running a house)`
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Housewife^c

Housetop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Housetop`
Description	The roof of a ''House''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'housetop' in Wordnet: 1. housetop - (the roof of a house; 'shout it from the housetops')`
Super-classes	Roof^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op some House^c

Housewife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Housewife`
Description	A ''Housewife'' is a ''Wife'' who spends most of her time managing the household and caring for children while the husband earns an income. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'housewife' in WordNet: 1. (5) housewife, homemaker, lady of the house, woman of the house - (a wife who manages a household while her husband earns the family income)`
Super-classes	Wife^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Housekeeping^c

Hovercraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hovercraft`
Description	CYC: The collection of vehicles which ride above the surface of the water on a cushion of air, usually provided by fans. `RHW: ACV: 2. air cushion vehicle: any of various vehicles that ride over water or terrain on a cushion of air generated by downward-thrusting fans and are pushed forward by one or more air propellers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hovercraft' in WordNet: 1. hovercraft, ground-effect machine - (a craft capable of moving over water or land on a cushion of air created by jet engines)`
Super-classes	TransportationContainerProduct^c Watercraft^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-bottomed^c

Hovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hovering`
Description	''Hovering'' is a ''FlyingAction'' in which the flying object remains stationary for some interval of time above the floor or ground. Can be performed by certain type of aircraft, by hovercraft, by drones and by humingbirds, and possibly other objects. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'hover' (the ''be suspended' in the gloss is interpreted as by its own power, not hanging from something) in WordNet: 3. (2) hover - (hang in the air; fly or be suspended above)`
Super-classes	FlyingAction^c
Sub-classes	PoisingInFlight^c

Howitzer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Howitzer

Description

CYC: A collection. Each instance is a large #$Weapon too large for one person to carry and used for indirect shooting. A #$Howitzer has a caliber larger than 15mm and fires projectiles at medium muzzle speed with a trajectory over 45 degrees.

        WIkipedia:
            A howitzer is generally a large ranged weapon that stands between 
          an artillery gun which have smaller, higher-velocity shells fired 
          at flatter trajectories and a mortar which fires at higher angles 
          of ascent and descent. Howitzers, like other artillery equipment,
          are usually organized in groups called batteries.

        NOTE: WN 'howitzer' synset includes the term 'mortar' but the 
            portable mortar is represented by ''MortarGun''.  The
            ''MortarGun''  is smaller and can fire at a higher angle of
            elevation than a typical ''Howitzer''.  This sense of
            ''Howitzer'' includes the small cannon mounted on a base with wheels,
            that makes it portable and that allows Howitzer bsrrel to recoil.

        The CYC 'Howitzer' is larger than a ''MortarGun'', though both have high
           angles of fire,

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'howitzer' in WordNet:
           1. mortar, howitzer, trench mortar - (a muzzle-loading high-angle gun 
               with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range)

Super-classes FieldArtillery^c

Hub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hub`
Description	The middle part of a Device that is designed to rotate, and is usually attached to a shaft that connects the object it is part of to other parts of some Device. `isTypicallyConnectedTo Shaft? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hub' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hub - (the central part of a car wheel (or fan or propeller etc) through which the shaft or axle passes)`
Super-classes	MiddleOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (RotatableComponent^c or DeviceType^c) isDesignedToAttachTo^op value Shaft^c

HubAndRim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HubAndRim`
Description	Each ''HubAndRim'' is the pair of objects consisting of the inner and outer parts of a single ''Wheel''. This is used to express the function of a ''Spoke'', the thing that connects the two elements of the pair.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Wheel^c hasComponentElement^op value Hub^c hasComponentElement^op value WheelRim^c

Hubris^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hubris

Description

''Hubris'' is a form of ''Arrogance'' in which the Person having that attribute presumes to say or do things that are clearly inappropriate but that Person does not show any concern about how others will react to this presumption.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hubris' in WordNet:
       1. (1) hubris - (overbearing pride or presumption)

Super-classes Arrogance^c

Huddle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Huddle

Description

A ''Huddle'' is a ''BandOfPeople'' who have come together closely - often but not necessarily in contact,so that the body heat of each can affect the others. This may be a means of keeping warm in cold weather, but it also includes a football ''Huddle' where the players are very close.

         Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'huddle' (any
           ''Clustering'' where the people are all in talking distance) in WordNet:
           1. (2) huddle, powwow - ((informal) a quick private conference)

Super-classes BandOfPeople^c

HuddlngTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HuddlngTogether`
Description	A HuddlngTogether is a ''ClusteringTogether'' Action in which three or more animals (including people) intentionally come within a close distance from each other. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'huddle' in WordNet: 1. (6) huddle, huddle together - (crowd or draw together; "let's huddle together-it's cold!")`
Super-classes	GatheringTogether^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value GroupOfAnimals^c produced^op some Huddle^c

Hue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hue`
Description	'Hue' is the general term that specifies the quality of the color, independent of its level of 'saturation' (amount of white, gray, or black mixed in with the spectrum), or of its intensity. Hue is what most people think of when they say 'color.', though the combination of hue and saturation also gives rise to color names, as in 'dusty rose' (rose with some gray mixed in). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hue ' in Wordnet: 1. (6) hue, chromaticity - (the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength)`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	ShadeOfColor^c

Huff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Huff

Description

A ''Huff'' is the Emotion of a person who has been greatly annoyed to the level of anger by another Person(s), and is tempted by resentment to show the anger in some way.

      RHW 'huff':
        a mood of sulking anger; a fit of resentment: 
              Just because you disagree, don't walk off in a huff.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'huff' in WordNet:
          1. huff, miff, seeing red - (a state of irritation or annoyance)

Super-classes Anger^c
Annoyance^c

Huge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Huge`
Description	''Huge'' is a more intensive subtype of 'large' - of PhysicalObjects or Actions, but referring only to the size, without the connotations of ''Great''. Ranges from 'very large' to 'astronomical'. For a more informal term having very similar meaning see subAttribute ''Humongous''. Several 'very big' words seems to have the same or overlapping meanings: Includes adjective sense 1 of 'huge' and adj sense 1 of 'enormous' an adj sense 1 of 'giant' in WordNet: 1. (24) huge, immense, vast, Brobdingnagian - (unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope; 'huge government spending'; 'huge country estates'; 'huge popular demand for higher education'; 'a huge wave'; 'the Los Angeles aqueduct winds like an immense snake along the base of the mountains'; 'immense numbers of birds'; 'at vast (or immense) expense'; 'the vast reaches of outer space'; 'the vast accumulation of knowledge...which we call civilization " - W.R.Inge) WN adj 'enormous': 1. (17) enormous, tremendous - (extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree; 'an enormous boulder'; 'enormous expenses'; 'tremendous sweeping plains'; 'a tremendous fact in human experience; that a whole civilization should be dependent on technology'- Walter Lippman; 'a plane took off with a tremendous noise') WN adj 'giant': 1. (9) elephantine, gargantuan, giant, jumbo - (of great mass; huge and bulky; 'a jumbo jet'; 'jumbo shrimp')
Super-classes	VeryLarge^c
Sub-classes	Astronomic^c Colossal^c Gigantic^c Humongous^c UnusuallyHeavy^c

Huh^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Huh

Description

''Huh'' is an Exclamation that is used in several contexts; it can mean what did you say?' when a Person hears something indistinct from another person.

 RHW: (used as an exclamation of surprise, bewilderment, disbelief, 
      contempt, or interrogation.) = 'uh' in this sense

Super-classes Exclamation^c

Hula^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hula`
Description	''Hula'' is a form of dancing that is common in a Hawaian culture and also performed in shows outside Hawaii. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hula' in WordNet: 1. hula, hula-hula, Hawaiian dancing - (a Polynesian rain dance performed by a woman)`
Super-classes	ChoreographedDancing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Woman^c

HulaHoop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HulaHoop`
Description	A ''HulaHoop'' is a light plastic ''Hoop'' about three feet in diameter, used as a toy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hula hoop' in Wordnet: 1. hula-hoop - (plaything consisting of a tubular plastic hoop for swinging around the hips)`
Super-classes	ClosedLoopObject^c Toy^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Plastic^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 4.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c

Hull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hull`
Description	A ''Hull'' is the lower part of the rigid frame of a ship, in contact with water. The ''Hull' of a large ship will have one or more 'decks' serving as floors to support people or objects. From Wikipedia: The hull is the watertight body of a ship or boat. Above the hull is the superstructure and/or deckhouse, where present. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline. The structure of the hull varies depending on the vessel type. In a typical modern steel ship, the structure consists of watertight and non-tight decks, major transverse and watertight (and also sometimes non-tight or longitudinal) members called bulkheads, intermediate members such as girders, stringers and webs, and minor members called ordinary transverse frames, frames, or longitudinals, depending on the structural arrangement. The uppermost continuous deck may be called the upper deck, weather deck, spar deck, main deck, or simply deck. The particular name given depends on the context - the type of ship or boat, the arrangement, or even where it sails. Not all hulls are decked (for instance a dinghy). In a typical wooden sailboat, the hull is constructed of wooden planking, supported by transverse frames (often referred to as ribs) and bulkheads, which are further tied together by longitudinal stringers or ceiling. Often but not always there is a centerline longitudinal member called a keel. In fiberglass or composite hulls, the structure may resemble wooden or steel vessels to some extent, or be of a monocoque arrangement. In many cases, composite hulls are built by sandwiching thin fiber-reinforced skins over a lightweight but reasonably rigid core of foam, balsa wood, impregnated paper honeycomb or other material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hull' in Wordnet: 6. hull - (the frame or body of ship)
Super-classes	SurfacePortion^c Frame^c BottomPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Boat^c isDesignedToTouch^op value BodyOfWater^c

HullNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HullNumber`
Description	A HullNumber is a CodeString assigned to an individual hull (the essential component of a vessel) by its manufacturer, and represented in some physical tag attached to the hull. Used in maritime applications.
Super-classes	CodeString^c

HumanAccessibleIBO^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanAccessibleIBO`
Description	A specialization of both #$HumanAccessibleIBT and #$InformationBearingObject. Each instance of #$HumanAccessibleIBO is an object (i.e. an instance of #$PartiallyTangible) that can be interpreted by a #$Person to yield information. Examples include street signs, product wrappings and roulette wheels. #$InformationBearingObjects requiring a device to convert them into human understandable form (such as DVDs) are not included. Most instances of #$HumanAccessibleIBO are also instances of #$StillImageSource. Objects such as Braille book copies, however, are not (since they are not interpreted visually). Objects that are instances of #$HumanAccessibleIBT, #$StillImageSource and #$Artifact fall into the collection defined as the intersection of these three - #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject.
Super-classes	InformationBearingObject^c HumanAccessibleIBT^c
Sub-classes	Transparency^c ComputerDisplayDesktop^c StructuredInformationBearingObject^c AwardSymbol^c XRayImage^c Buoy^c Photograph^c TenderObject^c MovieFilm^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c Blueprint^c LanternSlide^c Model-Artifact^c ComputerDisplayImage^c

HumanAccessibleIBT^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanAccessibleIBT`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$InformationBearingThings, each of which contains information, for a #$Person who understands how to interpret it. Examples include a copy of the novel Moby Dick, a signal buoy, a #$Photograph, a #$Flag, an elevator sign in Braille, a map, a US dollar bill, a word in #$AmericanSignLanguage and a musical performance. #$InformationBearingThings that must be processed by some device (movie reels, #$PhonographRecords, #$DVD-Disks, etc.) are not included in this collection. An important specialization of this collection is #$HumanAccessibleIBO, composed of #$HumanAccessibleIBTs that are also objects (i.e,. instances of #$PartiallyTangible). Thus the copy of Moby Dick, the buoy, the photograph and the flag mentioned above are also #$HumanAccessibleIBOs -- but not the word in #$AmericanSignLanguage, nor the musical performance.
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c
Sub-classes	CharacterStringToken-Sounded^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c GenericForm^c

HumanActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanActivity`
Description	A specialization of #$AnimalActivity. Each instance of #$HumanActivity is a spatially-localized action each of whose doers (see #$doneBy) is typically either a #$HomoSapiens or a group of humans (i.e. a #$Group all of whose members are #$HomoSapiens or groups of humans). NOTE that this is a ''ConsciousActivity'' and does not include ''SleepingEvent'', but can only be done while ''Awake''. NOTE: This type differs from the CYC gloss above in that this is an activity that is traditionally performed by at least one ''Person'' (with or without participation of some ''NonHumanAnimal'' and/or automaton). This type represents an Action that is performed by one or more agents that include at least one ''Person'' but some 'NonHumanAnimal''s and/or automatons may be involved. An 'automaton' is included for those Actions that a ''Person'' can or would normally perform. The broadest category of characteristically human actions - Includes sense 2 of 'activity' in Longman: ' things that people do in order to achieve a particular aim' and its subtype, sense 1: 'something that you do because you enjoy it', which is more specifically represented by 'RecreationalActivity' in COSMO. NOTE that WN 'human process' seems to be very close this concept, but in part due to the separation of nouns and verbs and of actions and processes in Wordnet, the subtypes of 'HumanActivity' are not included in the subtypes of 'human process' in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'act' and sense 1 of 'human_activity' and sense 1 of 'affair' and sense 8 of 'thing' and sense 2 of 'matter' and noun sense 1 of 'human process' in WordNet: 2. (26) act, human action, human activity - (something that people do or cause to happen) WN noun 'affair': 1. (23) matter, affair, thing - (a vaguely specified concern; 'several matters to attend to'; 'it is none of your affair'; 'things are going well') WN noun 'human process': 1. human process - (a process in which human beings are involved) WN noun 'activity': 1. (614) activity - (any specific behavior; 'they avoided all recreational activity')
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c ValuableThing^c ConsciousActivity^c Occasion^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Organization^c or Automaton^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op only (Person^c or PersonType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Organization^c or Automaton^c)
Sub-classes	TakingRisks^c WritingWithIdeograms^c InstallingSomething^c SkyDiving^c Sweeping^c Drooping^c PuttingOnAClothingItem^c Panning^c MakingSomethingAvailable^c Event-Organized^c Prospecting^c Acknowledging^c FlightViaAirTransportationDevice^c Jilting^c Surrendering^c Undressing^c Fishing^c DevelopingaNewProduct^c Vocalizing^c Practicing^c Backpacking^c Voyeurism^c Editing^c Wandering^c ImprovingFunctionality^c RoutineAction^c Conversation^c ViolatingAnObligation^c ConsensualAction^c CompulsiveBehavior^c BirdWatching^c Rehearsing^c SelfControl^c HardWork^c ReplayingaRecording^c HeroicDeed^c Taunting^c TakingAnX-Ray^c TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay^c ExhibitingEmotion^c WorkingEvent^c EnhancingAppearance^c PerceivableHumanAction^c Pretending^c ChangingaBelief^c PlanningEvent^c BehaviorTowardOthers^c PlayingaVideoRecording^c DrainingEvent^c GivingaHeadsUp^c Writing^c PlayingaSoundRecording^c BlottingDry^c AcademicActivity^c CompletingaTask^c HumanSexualIntercourse^c ConveyingMaterials^c Cover-Up^c AccompanyingaPerson^c WrappingWithaLine^c EvilDeed^c Apprenticeship^c Pampering^c Leisure^c ReiterativeGameEvent^c RoundTrip^c TakingOnesTurn^c DischargingPassengers^c Occupation^c Episode^c Celebration^c Disengaging^c UsingLand^c Stethoscopy^c Threatening^c GroupPractice^c Remediation^c Kissing^c Reading^c Skateboarding^c Worshipping^c GratingSomething^c UnloadingSomethingFromaVehicle^c Abeyance^c Teasing^c Citizenship^c SocialRank^c BlockingTraffic^c ListeningToMusic^c TwiddlingSomething^c HumanWalkingProcess^c Beleaguering^c NewsGathering^c Enriching^c Dressing^c PerformingArtActivity^c AdaptingSomething^c Imagining^c AssimilatingInformation^c Interjecting^c Raking^c RationalBehavior^c LearningAboutaTopic^c Habit^c Dowsing^c PossibleFutureAction^c Adjusting^c Eavesdropping^c SteeringADeviceByHand^c DoingThingsTogether^c ProppingSomethingUp^c Stealth^c Exodus^c EnrollingInSchool^c Suicide^c BeingaMemberOfaGroup^c Luck^c PassingThroughAClosedDoor^c MilitaryEvent^c ListeningOnATelephone^c Offending^c RiskingSomething^c InformationGathering^c Fetishism^c Investigation^c FoolishAct^c Batting^c Requesting^c AthleticActivity^c Ascertaining^c SocialAssimilation^c SupportingSomethingWithTheHand^c Dieting^c Standstill^c Sacrificing^c Juggling^c ReligiousEvent^c KeepingaPromise^c WrappingInaSheet^c Rankling^c SettingSomethingOnFire^c Diving^c FollowingUpAnAction^c EvadingCapture^c PlayingaSport^c Accomplishment^c PhysicalTorture^c SelfImprovement^c CeaseFire^c Studying^c LosingHair^c WrongingSomeone^c VisualArtActivity^c ControllingaCorporation^c CleaningTeeth^c SightSeeing^c YogaExercises^c ConfirmingaFact^c Choosing^c EscapingPrison^c Prank^c Tackling^c Proximalization^c Cloning^c Recess^c TakingAnAction^c SchoolActivity^c RecreationalActivity^c BeingaStudent^c MakingaVideoRecording^c LosingaPetAnimal^c Altering^c SocialOccurrence^c Snoring^c DesigningEvent^c TakingCareOfSomething^c DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c Navigating^c TakingaPhotograph^c TakingaTrip^c PlantingaPlant^c TuningUp^c LosingaLovedOne^c ObservingAstronomicalObjects^c Ironing^c

HumanAdult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanAdult`
Description	A specialization of #$Person, and an instance of #$HumanTypeByLifeStageType. Each instance of this collection is a person old enough to participate as an independent, mature member of society. In most modern Western contexts it is assumed that anyone over 18 is an adult. However, in many cultures, adulthood occurs when one reaches puberty. Adulthood is #$contiguousAfter (q.v.) childhood. Notable specializations of this collection include #$AdultMaleHuman, #$AdultFemaleHuman, #$MiddleAgedHuman and #$OldHuman. `SUMO: The class of Humans that are 18 years of age or older. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adult' in WordNet: 1. (5) adult, grownup - (a fully developed person from maturity onward)`
Super-classes	AdultAnimal^c Person^c
Sub-classes	Democrat^c Pacifist^c Swinger^c Chaperone^c DeskWorker^c Investigator^c Prospector^c ConsentingAdult^c Sensualist^c OldHuman^c Woman^c Caregiver^c Man^c Elder^c Politician^c Panelist^c TypicalAdultPerson^c Motormouth^c Radical^c Nazi^c Professional-Adult^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DianeCassidy

HumanAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanAgent`
Description	A ''HumanAgent'' is a type that includes both individual ''Person''s and ''Team''s that could be either a ''GroupOfPeople'' or an Organization.. This is needed occasionally to represent the meaning of actions or Roles that can be performed or played by either an individual Person or a GroupOfPeople (or, to be sufficiently broad) a ''Team'' of people that may or may not be an Organization. This differs from ''IntelligentAgent'' mostly in excluding automatons.
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Person^c Contestant^c GroupOfPeople^c HumanRole^c

HumanAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanAttributeType`
Description	Each instance of 'HumanAttributeType' is an instance of 'AttributeValueType' used as the Type restriction on AttributeValue that characterize attributes of people (humans). Such attributes may be used metaphorically for animals or other agents. @ToDo: as of rev1015 this was just added, and is not yet used for most human attributes; using this should eventually be a means of finding all human attributes, but not every use of concepts tagged with this type will be intended as labeling a human
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	PersonalityType^c
Members	Accomplished Prolific Dexterous Competent Skilled Unskilled Sly Able Unable Productive Unproductive Versatile Inexperienced WithoutHope Bilingual

HumanBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanBody`
Description	A HumanBody is the physical part of a Person, living or dead. In a materialistic view, this would be identical to the type 'Animal'; however, this accommodates the spiritualist view that a person is composed of Body and Soul, and therefore that the body is only a part of a whole Person. This means that in COSMO a 'PhysicalObject' can have a part that is not a PhysicalObject. Only if the 'hasPhysicalPart' relation is used will the implication be that only a PhysicalObject can be the value of the relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'human body' (referring to humans) in WordNet: 1. (2) human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure, physique, anatomy, shape, bod, chassis, frame, form, flesh - (alternative names for the body of a human being; 'Leonardo studied the human body'; 'he has a strong physique'; 'the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak')
Super-classes	HumanBodyPart^c AnimalBody^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Person^c

HumanBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanBodyPart`
Description	A, 'AnimalBodyPart' that is or was a part of some Person (human being). `NOTE also that body liquids such as blood and lymph are not considered 'AnimalBodyPart' in COSMO, but are categorized as 'BodyFluid'.`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	HumanLip^c HumanHip^c LowerBody^c HumanBody^c BothLips^c BothHands^c Shin^c HumanLeg^c BothThumbs^c HumanHead^c HumanHairObject^c Loins^c HumanCorpse^c

HumanCompatibility^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanCompatibility

Description

''HumanCompatibility'' is a ''Compatibility'' among two or morepeople who can live or work together with little or no discord, especially in a manner that enhances their individual performance and provides satisfaction.

       NOTE in WN this is a sutbtype of ''Sympathy', but this has more
          of the characteristic of an attribute of people having sympathy with each other.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compatibility' in WordNet:
           1. compatibility - (a feeling of sympathetic understanding)

Super-classes Compatibility^c

HumanCorpse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanCorpse`
Description	The dead body of a person. NOTE: in SUMO this is described as: SUMO: A Dead thing which was formerly a Human. To be a Corpse rather than a skeleton the Corpse needs to have some flesh, even if mummified naturally or artificially. However,in COSMO the relation is that a Person 'has' a body, not that a Person 'is' its body. In COSMO a dead Person is a Person with the vitality attribute 'Dead', so a Dead Person still exists in COSMO, and can be said to 'have' a Corpse. This will allow phrases like 'John's corpse' to be interpreted literally,, as the corpse that John (clearly a dead person) has, or the corpse 'of' John. A person can 'have' only one corpse at a time, though an agent might own other corpses (e.g.mummies) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corpse' and includes part of sense 2 of 'body' (the human sense) in WordNet: 1. (22) cadaver, corpse, stiff, clay, remains - (the dead body of a human being; 'the cadaver was intended for dissection'; 'the end of the police search was the discovery of a corpse'; 'the murderer confessed that he threw the stiff in the river'; 'honor comes to bless the turf that wraps their clay') WN noun 'body': 2. (266) body, dead body - (a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; 'they found the body in the lake')
Super-classes	Corpse^c DeadAnimal^c HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	wasOfType^op value Person^c

HumanEar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanEar`
Description	A ''HumanEar'' is the ''Ear'' of a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ear' in WordNet: 1. (36) ear - (the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium)`
Super-classes	Ear^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c

HumanEye^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanEye`
Description	A ''HumanEye is a ''MammalEye'' on a Person. `No specific WN definition; use WN 'eye' and differentiation need context.`
Super-classes	MammalEye^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c

HumanFace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanFace`
Description	A 'HumanFace'' is a ''Face' on a Person. Similar to SUMO: The part of the Head from forehead to chin and from ear to ear. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'face' in WordNet: 1. (193) face, human face - (the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; 'he washed his face'; 'I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news')`
Super-classes	Face^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c

HumanFetus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanFetus`
Description	A''HuanFetus'' is a ''Fetus'' that is developing inside a ''Woman'' (a human female), which, if and when born alive, will become a ''Person''.
Super-classes	Fetus^c
Restrictions	isContainedInObject^op value Woman^c

HumanFoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanFoot`
Description	More specific than just ''Foot'', this is One of the two feet of a ''Person''. `in Wordnet: 2. (426) foot, human foot, pes - (the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; 'his bare feet projected from his trousers'; 'armored from head to foot')`
Super-classes	Foot^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c

HumanForaging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanForaging`
Description	'HumanForaging'' is a ''SearchingForFood'' that could be solely for the purpose of ''GatheringFOodInTheWild'' or could be both to find food and eat it on the spot. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forage' in WordNet: 1. scrounge, forage - (collect or look around for (food))`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c SearchingForFood^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value GatheringFoodInTheWild^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value EatingEvent^c

HumanGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanGroup`
Description	A Synonym of 'GroupOfPeople'; A Group, all of whose elements are individual human beings.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

HumanGroupActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanGroupActivity`
Description	Any ''HumanActivity'' necessarily performed by a ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople''. SocialOccurrence: the people can be cooperating or competing, or merely separetly performing an action that as a total is perceived as a group action (as, particpating in a gathering)! ??This differs slightly from 'SocialOccurrence' in that a 'SocialOccurrence' is an action whose meaning focuses on the interaction among some human group, whereas the interaction(s) among the Group may not be the focus of some subtypes. GroupAction as parent - include animals and Same as SocialOccurrence? **** Make subtype where group has common goal??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'group action' in WordNet: 1. (1) group action - (action taken by a group of people)
Super-classes	DoingThingsTogether^c CooperationEvent^c SocialOccurrence^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentOverthrow^c OrganizationAction^c DisorderlyActivity^c Governing^c Campaign^c

HumanHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanHair`
Description	The Substance ''Hair'' that is growing on some part of a Person. `CYC ('HumanHair-Stuff'): The collection of the material of which #$Hair-Strands of instances of #$HomoSapiens are composed.`
Super-classes	Hair^c
Sub-classes	HeadHair^c Eyelash^c

HumanHairObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanHairObject`
Description	CYC: The collection of the material of which #$Hair-Strands of instances of #$HomoSapiens are composed. Not necessarily on the head.
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Hair^c
Sub-classes	Curl^c HairOnHead-Human^c Ringlet^c

HumanHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanHead`
Description	A ''Head'' on a ''Person''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (for humans) of 'head' in WordNet: 1. (208) head, caput - (the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; 'he stuck his head out the window') WN noun 'noggin': 2. attic, bean, bonce, noodle, noggin, dome - (informal terms for a human head)`
Super-classes	Head-Vertebrate^c HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c

HumanHip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanHip`
Description	A Hip (one of two hips) that is the part of a human's body. `CYC: The area on the side of the thighs, just below the waist Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hip' in WordNet: 1. (5) hip - (either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh)`
Super-classes	HumanBodyPart^c Hip^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Loins^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Trunk-BodyCore^c

HumanIllness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanIllness`
Description	Any AilmentCondition that specifically affects a human, and no other type of organism.
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	MentalIllness^c

HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus`
Description	''HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus'' (HIV) is atype of ''Virus'' that can cause ''AIDS''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'human immunodeficiency virus' in WordNet: 2. human immunodeficiency virus, HIV - (the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); it replicates in and kills the helper T cells)`
Super-classes	PathogenicVirus^c LivingBiologicalAgent^c
Restrictions	causesInfectiousDisease^op value AIDS^c

HumanInfant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanInfant`
Description	The limiting age is not distinct - it definitely is over by school age (6 or so). For infants still feeding from bottles or using a ''HighChair'' to eat at. CYC: A specialization of #$HomoSapiens, and an instance of #$HumanTypeByLifeStageType. Each instance of this collection is a human in the infant stage of life. Functionally, this ends when the infant learns to walk (even just toddle) and/or talk (even a few words)... or, at latest, when the person's age greatly exceeds that at which most people develop those skills. Generally, this means that it spans the period from birth to about 12 - 18 months old. A notable specialization of this collection is #$NewbornBaby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infant' and sense 1 of 'baby' in WordNet: 1. (3) baby, babe, infant - (a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk; 'isn't she too young to have a baby?')
Super-classes	HumanPreSchoolageChild^c YoungHuman^c
Sub-classes	NewbornBaby^c Foundling^c

HumanLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanLanguage`
Description	A specialization of #$Language. Each instance of this collection is a language that is used by human communities for communication. This collection differs from #$NaturalLanguage in that a #$HumanLanguage may be purposefully created, while #$NaturalLanguages evolve without a purposeful creation process. Instances of #$HumanLanguage thus include not only many #$NaturalLanguages, but also made-up languages like Esperanto and many (non-natural) #$SignLanguages. `SUMO: The subclass of Languages used by Humans.`
Super-classes	Language^c
Sub-classes	NaturalLanguage^c ArtificialLanguage^c
In range of	speaksLanguage^op

HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstruct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstruct`
Description	A #$HumanOccupationConstruct which you might expect to find occupied by a large group or groups of people. Examples would include theatres, dance clubs, airplane cabins, etc.
Super-classes	HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousBuilding^c

HumanLeg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanLeg`
Description	A Leg on a human. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'leg' in WordNet: 1. (75) leg - (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle)`
Super-classes	Leg^c HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	LeftHumanLeg^c RightHumanLeg^c

HumanLip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanLip`
Description	Either of the two fleshy parts or folds forming the margins of the mouth in a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lip' in WordNet: 1. (57) lip - (fleshy folds of tissue as those surrounding the mouth)`
Super-classes	HumanBodyPart^c Lip^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	UpperLip^c

HumanMothersMilk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanMothersMilk

Description

''HumanMothersMilk'' is ''MothersMilk'' from a lactating human woman who has recently given birth. This is not necessarily the mother of the child suckling, it could be that of a 'wet nurse'.

         Also called 'breastmilk'.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mother's milk' in WordNet:
           1. mother's milk - (milk secreted by a woman who has recently given birth)

Super-classes MothersMilk^c

HumanMummy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanMummy`
Description	The dead body of a person that has been mummified by an artificial process, and wrapped - the protypical type being those from ancient Egypt. `Corresponds part (human mummies) of noun sense 2 of 'mummy' in WordNet: 2. mummy - (a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt))`
Super-classes	Corpse^c
Restrictions	wasOfType^op value Person^c

HumanMutant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanMutant`
Description	A ''HumanMutant'' is a ''Person'' who is a ''Mutant'' who has a mutation that causes some significant variation in phenotypic characteristics. NOTE: many mutations do not cause any noticeable, not even subtle, differences in perceptible characteristics of an organism, even if they can be detected by DNA analysis. This type is for people who have a mutation that causes some noticeable difference from the most common variant.
Super-classes	Person^c Mutant^c

HumanNose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanNose`
Description	A ''HumanNose'' is the nose on a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schnoz' in WordNet: 1. beak, honker, hooter, nozzle, snoot, snout, schnozzle, schnoz - (informal terms for the nose)`
Super-classes	Nose^c
Sub-classes	LongNose^c

HumanOccupancy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanOccupancy`
Description	''HumanOccupancy'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'', specific for ''Person''s, representing the ''PersistingEvent'' in which a 'Person'' is located in some place for some period of time, not just passing through. This can be used for 'occupying'' a seat in a vehicle or theater or a booth inside some building; for residing use the subtype ''LodgingSomewhere'' `NOTE: the concept of 'inhabiting' a place is represened by the subtype ''LodgingSomewhere''. NOTE: 'tenancy' is used as a label for the subtype ''LodgingSomewhere'' or ''Residing''. Corresponds approximaely to verb sense 1 of 'occupy' and noun sense 1 of 'presence' in WordNet: 1. (22) inhabit, occupy - (be present in; be inside of) WN noun 'occupancy' 1. (1) occupancy, tenancy - (an act of being a tenant or occupant)`
Super-classes	Presence^c BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c) isPerformedBy^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	LodgingSomewhere^c

HumanOccupationConstruct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanOccupationConstruct`
Description	A specialization of both #$ConstructionArtifact and #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject. Each instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct is a construction artifact whose primary function is to serve as a place where people perform certain activities. Instances of #$HumanOccupationConstruct include instances of #$HumanShelterConstruction (e.g., houses), sub-regions within a #$HumanShelterConstruction which are intended for human use (e.g., rooms, shower stalls), and regions in any transportation vehicle which are designed for human occupancy (e.g., a cockpit, a passenger compartment). Note that some buildings which are not themselves instances of #$HumanOccupationConstruct, such as #$HooverDam, may have a sub-region which is a #$HumanOccupationConstruct (e.g., the control room at the top of the dam). Note also that the collection #$HumanOccupationConstruct is broad enough to include tents, boiler rooms, elevator shafts, steam tunnels, and the space inside the #$LincolnMemorialInWashingtonDC. Consequently, an instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct need not be completely indoors (see #$Indoors-IsolatedFromOutside), although it cannot be purely outdoors (see #$OutdoorLocation)
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c HexalateralObject^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
Sub-classes	PlaceOfBusiness^c Building^c Fort^c DayCareCenter^c Laboratory^c BusStation^c HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstruct^c SubwayStation^c SpaceInAHOC^c SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c LibraryBuilding^c HumanShelterConstruction^c

HumanOccupationConstructObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanOccupationConstructObject`
Description	A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$HumanScaleObject. Each instance of #$HumanOccupationConstructObject is an artifact that is of a type typically found in some indoor place where humans live or work - i.e. in some instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Since these objects are normally found indoors, they are all roughly human-sized . Instances of #$HumanOccupationConstructObject include everything from furniture to tools, appliances to artwork, medical examining tables to church altars and pews.
Super-classes	HumanScaleObject^c ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Typewriter^c FurniturePart^c LightBulbIncandescent^c LampShade^c TableCloth^c TableCovering^c MopHandle^c Tableware^c FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c Saucer^c BroomHandle^c Tray^c Dish^c Appliance^c FurniturePiece^c DeskPad^c FluorescentLightBulb^c Mattress^c FoodUtensil^c HouseholdAttachment^c

HumanOccupationConstructResident^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanOccupationConstructResident`
Description	Each specialization of #$HumanOccupationConstructResident is a type of creature that commonly resides in structures that house people (see the related constant #$HumanOccupationConstruct)
Super-classes	Animal^c IndividualAgent^c
Sub-classes	DomesticPet^c

HumanPenis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanPenis`
Description	CYC: The collection of all penises. An instance of this collection is an external sex #$Organ of a male #$Mammal that is used in #$SexualCopulation and #$Urinating. `NOTE:WN parent 'erectile organ - (an organ containing erectile tissue)' is not yet in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penis' in Wordnet: 1. penis, phallus, member - (the male organ of copulation ('member' is a euphemism)) WN noun 'prick': 3. cock, prick, dick, shaft, pecker, peter, tool, putz - (obscene terms for penis)`
Super-classes	Penis^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value MalePerson^c

HumanPopulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanPopulation`
Description	CYC: The collection of all people living in the same location. This corresponds to the 'population' of some geographical area. Inclusion in the population is determined by location, not by citizenship, but is intended to be those considering themselves residents at any given time. `A population may be said to have certain characteristics, provided that those characteristics are stable for some period of time in a given area. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'population' in WordNet: 1. (27) population - (the people who inhabit a territory or state; 'the population seemed to be well fed and clothed')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c Population^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 3^c
Sub-classes	ResidentsAtTime^c

HumanPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanPoweredDevice`
Description	A Device that us designed to be used when powered by human muscle power.
Super-classes	MusclePoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	Gurney^c Litter-Stretcher^c Device-UserPowered^c Spear^c

HumanPreSchoolageChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanPreSchoolageChild`
Description	Kids who aren't old enough to start school yet (under 5 years of age). `Includes sense 1 of 'preschooler' in WordNet, but includes any child prior to entering kindergarten, whether or not they attend a preschool. in WordNet: 1. preschooler, kindergartner, kindergartener - (a child who attends a preschool or kindergarten)`
Super-classes	Child^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value LessThanFive^c hasAttribute^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumAge7^c
Sub-classes	HumanInfant^c HumanToddler^c HumanPreschooler^c

HumanPreschooler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanPreschooler`
Description	Children of the proper age to be in preschool (more or less ages 3-5 years), but not yet old enough to be in a ''GrammarSchool'' , and who are atending ('studying at') some 'Preschool', in a 'preschool' facility. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preschooler' in WordNet: 1. preschooler, kindergartner, kindergartener - (a child who attends a preschool or kindergarten)`
Super-classes	Student^c HumanPreSchoolageChild^c
Restrictions	isStudyingAt^op value Preschool^c

HumanRelationship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanRelationship`
Description	A ''HumanRelationship'' is a connection, assocation, or interaction of any kind between people, or between an ''IntellgentAgent'' (Person, GroupOfPeople, or Organization) and another ''IntellgentAgent''. Although in COSMO this is a subtype of ''Relationship'' (which is a subtype of AbstractEntity), this is more concretely a 'State' in which people have a relationship to each other or to some GroupOfPeople. Includes all 4 senses of 'relationship' in WordNet: 1. (38) relationship, human relationship - (a relation between people; ('relationship' is often used where 'relation' would serve, as in 'the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of 'relationship' is for human relations or states of relatedness); 'the relationship between mothers and their children') 2. (10) relationship - (a state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection); 'he didn't want his wife to know of the relationship') 3. (8) relationship - (a state involving mutual dealings between people or parties or countries) 4. kinship, family relationship, relationship - ((anthropology) relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption)
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c Relation^c PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	PersonalRelationship^c Kinship^c Affiliation^c Membership^c

HumanRelaxingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanRelaxingEvent`
Description	An Action in which a Human relaxes (usually sitting or lying down, sometimes standing up for brief resting periods) while awake, and does not perform any strenuous physical activity (but may talk or read). A more specifically human subtype of the Cyc type named 'Resting-Relaxing'. NOTE: this or the parent may be broken into shorter and longer periods of relaxing. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'rest' (which seems to apply mostly to humans), and to sense 1 of 'relax' in WordNet : in WordNet: WN verb 'rest': 2. (8) rest, breathe, catch one's breath, take a breather - (take a short break from one's activities in order to relax) WN noun 'rest': 2. (6) rest, ease, repose, relaxation - (freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility); 'took his repose by the swimming pool') WN 'relax"' 1. (17) relax, loosen up, unbend, unwind, decompress, slow down - (become less tense, rest, or take one's ease; 'He relaxed in the hot tub'; 'Let's all relax after a hard day's work')
Super-classes	RecreationalActivity^c Resting-RelaxingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	SpringBreak^c HangingOutWithFriends^c RelaxingAtHome^c CoffeeBreak^c SunBathing^c

HumanResidenceArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanResidenceArea`
Description	A GeographicalArea (PhysicalObject) where more than a few 'Residence''s are located. The minimum is set to 5 residences but this restriction might more appropriately be expressed by a minimum population density. There is no maximum. `Occupies some ''HumanResidenceRegion''.`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c
Restrictions	occupiesTheRegion^op value HumanResidenceRegion^c isTheLocationOf^op value Residence^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Residing^c
Sub-classes	CountryArea^c Suburb^c MulticulturalArea^c CityArea^c SuburbanArea^c UrbanArea^c

HumanResidenceRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanResidenceRegion`
Description	A Region where more than a few 'Residence''s are located. The minimum is set to 5 residences but this restriction might more appropriately be expressed by a minimum population density. There is no maximum. `CYC: A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. Each instance of #$HumanResidenceRegion is a region in which a number of people live semi-permanently (that is, for a duration of at least a year or more). Examples include #$SanFranciscoBayArea, #$ResearchTrianglePark, research stations at the #$SouthPole, and radar posts in the Aleutians.`
Super-classes	PopulatedPlace^c OutdoorLocation^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value Residence^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Residing^c
Sub-classes	Neighborhood^c

HumanRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanRole`
Description	HumanRole is the root category for people who are referenced in some particular role - professional, or by the Role they play in some Event. But this does not cover acting 'roles', which are represented as subtypes of 'PretendingRole'. NOTE that as a 'TemporalThing', all instances of 'HumanRole' must have their starting and ending time points (or time intervals) specified. See 'TemporalThing'. For many HumanRoles, people occupy that role only for some interval of time, therefore the participation in a Role must be time-indexed in some way. Each Role is a TemporalThing, which can point to starting and ending times using the relations 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint'. An alternative method used in COSMO is to use the relation 'isServingInTheRoleOf'. This is an assertion that in itself carries no time-indexing, therefore would have to be used in an assertion that was reified and related to the valid time period by one of the 'holds' relations. Another method is to attach to each distinguishable Role its own specific relation, such as (for 'Student') 'startedAsStudent' and endedAsStudent', each relation pointing to a particular date. When there can be multiple disjoint periods of time that a Role can be occupied (as with Student), that relation cannot be functional. A third method to express the time indexing of a role is to point to an instance of RoleSituation, which is a StaticSituation, and can specify all of the arguments of the Role.
Super-classes	AgentInRole^c Role^c Person^c HumanAgent^c
Restrictions	hasRoleFiller^op only Person^c
Sub-classes	Geisha^c Athlete^c Acquaintance^c Peer^c Escapee^c Foreigner^c Experimenter^c ChildRole^c PestiferousPerson^c NonReligiousPerson^c Skater^c Layman^c DrugUser^c Homemaker^c FashionModel^c Architect^c RiskTaker^c Sage^c Politician^c Kinsman^c Underdog^c MemberOfRoyalty^c CompulsivePerson^c ProfessionalPrinter^c HumanSubject^c Mourner^c Duke^c Graduate^c Accused^c Representative^c Negotiator^c Suspect^c Fighter^c Sunbather^c PersonByEthnicity^c Helper^c Parent^c Anti-AmericanPerson^c Deserter^c PoliceInvestigator^c Reliever^c Detective^c Teacher^c Hothead^c LowIncomePerson^c Captor^c LawEnforcementAgent^c ImmoralPerson^c Shooter^c Engineer^c Outsider^c PoliticalCentrist^c Absentee^c PoliceLieutenant^c Experimentalist^c Enthusiast^c Singer^c Communicator^c Baron^c Drinker^c Alumni^c InteriorDecorator^c StarvingPerson^c SlavelikeRole^c AffectedPerson^c Expert^c RightHander^c DiabeticPerson^c Baroness^c Broadcaster^c LawEnforcementOfficer^c CommonMan^c Duchess^c PoorPerson^c Spouse^c Countess^c Applicant^c Oaf^c Waiter^c Author^c Earner^c Voter^c SuccessfulPerson^c RestaurantEmployee^c Mother^c BiologicalRelation^c Worker^c Messenger^c HeterosexualHuman^c Choreographer^c Guardian^c InfluentialPerson^c Baronet^c FamousHuman^c Coward^c UnemployedPerson^c Volunteer^c Neighbor^c Left-Hander^c Offender^c Searcher^c Accuser^c Racer^c Lefty^c Learner^c Mistress^c Teammate^c Insider^c LowIncomeGroup^c Attendee^c Stranger^c Revisionist^c Bystander^c Narrator^c FaultFinder^c Investigator^c Nonworker^c Resident^c Critic^c Investor^c PartyInaCourtCase^c Designer^c ConsentingAdult^c FashionDesigner^c Fool^c MemberOfTheNobility^c Father^c Jerk^c Predecessor^c Frogman^c Wannabe^c Betrayer^c Adventurer^c GovernmentEmployee^c Veteran^c Native^c Student^c Associate^c Instructor^c Promiser^c SleepingPerson^c Coroner^c Observer^c Doubter^c Caller^c DatabaseAdministrator^c Organizer^c HumanYouth^c GenericWorker^c NationalOfaCountry^c SleepWalker^c Comer^c Functionary^c Woodman^c Responder^c Visionary^c Reader^c Retiree^c Cook^c Conspirator^c Legislator^c Protector^c Camper^c Contester^c Traveler^c Diver^c WealthyPerson^c DeviceOperator^c HomosexualHuman^c Panelist^c Rustic^c CoWorker^c Successor^c Trainee^c ElitePerson^c Electee^c ClumsyPerson^c Explorer^c Dyslectic^c Newbie^c NeutralParty^c Artisan^c Juror^c Civilian^c VegetarianPerson^c Walk-in^c Biologist^c Boomer^c Founder^c Adjudicator^c Dreamer^c Nutcase^c Host^c
Members	Deserter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CassidyKinsman http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheRedSoxPitcher http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheYankeesPitcher

HumanRoleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanRoleType`
Description	RoleType is a metaclass that is a subclass of both 'PersonType' and 'RoleType'. It is used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of HumanRole as their argument.
Super-classes	IntelligentAgentType^c AgentRoleType^c PersonType^c
Members	CoWorker SexWorker Needleworker Driver Wrestler Sportscaster FictionalVillain MovieProducer Communicator ProfessionalPerson LutheranPerson Mistress ElitePerson Audiologist Drifter Migrant Authoritarian Refugee Planter Graduate MaidOfHonor Marquis Guarantor Proctologist Alumni Dyslectic Attendee HeadMaster StarvingPerson Suspect Scholar Guru Goof-off Bystander BarTender Artisan WageEarner Geneticist Niece Prescriber ComicBookCharacter TourGuide Expert Idealist Vegan Quarterback PoliceInvestigator WorkForce Narrator Teenager Oppressor StepSister ChristianPerson VegetarianPerson Walk-in Usher Witness UnpleasantPerson BirthMother Mogul Prompter Astronaut Merchant FictionalIntelligentAgent Nutcase Hothead AmishPerson TransientPerson Exhibitor Shopkeeper AlcoholDrinker Employee Schoolmarm Slouch Sprinter Respondent Geisha MedicalCareProvider Athlete ConstructionWorkerOrRepairman FootballLineman MountainClimber InLaw AdoptedChild Savant HumanInfant Lifeguard Father Spinster StepDaughter Child Earner Addict BaseballCatcher SuccessfulPerson Right-HandedPitcher BirdWatcher HumanMutant CourtWitness Grandparent Herald MountainClimbing GovernmentEmployee Kicker SelfStarter Hacker Interviewer Outfielder Master Worker Looney Plaintiff BaseballBatter Puritan Tenor Promiser Vendor MethodistPerson Kidnapper DrugUser Housekeeper Pillager Compatriot WitchDoctor HebrewPerson Songwriter Poacher Pediatrician Leper NationalGovernmentEmployee DoorMan Oenophile Sage HorsebackRider Batman Herder Daredevil RiskTaker Pedant Broadcaster Trader Reader CompulsivePerson Warden ContractKiller SonInLaw Marchioness Gambler ProfessionalArtist Underdog GarmentMaker Chauvinist StepBrother HumanSubject Superman Mom Ushering Crybaby PrivilegedAgent HealthProfessional Waiter SoccerGoalkeeper Partygoer Technician Brother Manservant Motormouth Carer Accused Traveler Diver UnskilledPerson Revisionist Snob WeightLifter Fugitive Counselor Quadruplet Mathematician ProtestantPerson Grocer Otologist CriminalGang Chatterbox JewishPerson UnitedSatesSoldier Jockey Widow Podiatrist StreetGang Aunt BaseballBaseman Scorekeeper Diviner HumanToddler CollegeGraduate Prospector Fidget Semanticist Defendant Announcer Geologist Rider OfficerInOrganization Grouch Pedestrian Abuser Nonworker Alcoholic Soprano Idler Speakers Captor CoinCollector Daughter Nephew Lunatic Viscountess Shooter Presenter Doer Coordinator Linguist Colonist FictionalHero Viscount Bridesmaid StepSon Subordinate Theologian Hermit Frogman Litigant Hippie PoliceLieutenant Valet Exile Slave Nanny FundamentalistPerson Gynecologist Granddaughter Testifier Settler Grandchildren BaseballPitcher SchoolPrincipal Unionist Handyman Referee Finder Commander-USArmyStaff Pollster Lefty Parishioner SleepingPerson CommissionMember Advertizer Drinker Filibusterer ComputerCracker Vigilante Phonetician BabySitter TaxiPassenger HumanYouth SlavelikeRole MotherInLaw Passenger BrotherInLaw SeatedPerson Uncle ChildRole RoleModel Analyst CardDealer Meteorologist Miscreant RightHander Suitor Sycophant MilitaryPoliceman DiabeticPerson Southpaw SleepWalker Visionary Comer Prostitute Biochemist Shortstop Dictator Sister Escort Repairman ReligiousPerson Novice Ubermensch Sheriff Leader Dermatologist Lector Henchman Mender BaseballUmpire Roofer HorsebackCavalryman EmployedStaff Hoodlum Consultant Florist Sculptor DepressivePerson Advisor Translator Smith Individualist NewsroomStaff Cornerback Psychotherapist Attender Lexicographer PrivateInvestigator DiskJockey Farmer PasserBy Accomplice Bandit Countryman Psychiatrist RestaurantEmployee Mother Voyeur Snitch Golfer ProfessionalPrinter SoccerPlayer Grandparents ReligiousLeader Incumbent Shepherd Swinger-Sexual Dropout Crackerjack Tourist ShowProducer Foreman Provider FootballBack LineBacker BloodRelatives Paratrooper Grandmother FootballPlayer Bearer Artist Helper FictionalGoodGuy Swinger InfluentialPerson Awardee Aesthete ImmunePerson Pathologist Tester Biologist FatherInLaw Deputy Landscaper Marquess Superhero Apprentice Butler Psychoanalyst MoneyGrubber Cousin Teacher Developer NationalOfaCountry MilitaryPerson SportsJudge JuvenilePerson DeputySheriff Nutritionist Protagonist Stripper Abstainer Viking UnemployedPerson Workaholic OnePerson Volunteer SoilTiller Eater Sportsman Left-Hander Grandson TemporaryWorker Citizen Boor EvangelicalPerson BaseballPlayer Searcher Accuser CatholicPerson Outpatient Racer ChildcareWorker Learner Healer Teammate Cryptographer Absentee Eyewitness Traditionalist Apostle Valedictorian Marksman SchizophrenicPerson CollegeChancellor Forester Agriculturist Gossiper Archivist ComputerGeek TransSexual Adherent MedicalSpecialist Attache ObservantJew Educator Publicist StreetWalker Xenophobe Benefactor NonReligiousPerson OrganizationEmployees Quitter TheSyndicate StepChild PhysicalTherapist Connoisseur Footracer Gourmet PubescentHuman StoryTeller Boss Spelunker Contractor Speaker Nagger SchoolHead Pothead Phonologist AccusedCriminal LookAlike Twin AnglicanPerson VIP Left-HandedPitcher Tutor SmartAleck PersonWithOccupation HeadWaiter PartyInaCourtCase Facilitator Jeweler SchoolTeacher Insomniac Promoter Grenadier Blabbermouth ConsentingAdult Bachelorette Aide Maid Leftist Descendant Dreamer Wannabe Baritone Hobo Adventurer Rightist Sower MilitaryOfficer MilitaryOrderly BadGuy DomesticHelp PresbyterianPerson Fielder Sniper LegalGuardian Lecturer Electrician Loyalist Thief FootballBlocker Onlooker SonOrDaughter Slaveholder Instructor Nomad MartialArtist Observer Guide Naturalist Hobbyist Deportee DrugAddict Polymath Tyrant AnabaptistPerson MatronOfHonor Interpreter MennonitePerson Pervert Inquirer Amateur Ignoramus Anti-AmericanPerson Commando Bachelor Bidder Rancher Cyclist SkilledWorker Seamstress Veterinarian Detective StrawBoss Motorcyclist Warlord Specialist GroupOfFriends Personnel TheBlind Collector Guardian Burglar ContractWorker Entrepreneur Logician Patriot BlindPerson Chaperone Cavalryman AntiSemite Informant Creep IncompetentPerson ImportantPerson Econometrician Camper BloodRelative Conspirator Son CasualBrowser Inpatient Grandchild HumanRole SisterInLaw CarSalesPerson Madwoman EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional Infantryman Contester Radiologist DeputyDirector PoliticalCentrist Reservist HumanPreSchoolageChild DeviceOperator Offender FarmWorker CardPlayer SportsOfficial Tailor

HumanScaleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanScaleObject`
Description	A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$HumanScaleObject is an object that can be perceived and manipulated by human beings. Instances of this collection range roughly from objects the size of pinheads to objects the size of aircraft carriers. COSMO Note: In Cyc, ConstructionArtifacts were subtypes of HumanScaleObject, but that does not fit the definition of manipulable by humans, so a size limit on HumanScaleObject should be considered as not much larger than an Aircraft Carrier, and stationary construction artifacts (which could be as large as the Alaska Pipeline or the Great Wall of China) will be subtypes of MacroscopicObject, which can be very large. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: LargeObject HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.
Super-classes	MacroscopicObject^c
Sub-classes	Structure^c AnimalBodyPart^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c Unicorn^c CommunicationDevice^c TextileArtifact^c OpticalDevice^c Vertebrate^c Ogre^c PartOfAnArtifactObject^c Troll^c NavigationDevice^c Cleavage^c Tent^c Mail^c Sail^c Load^c Whopper^c VehiclePart^c SeaworthyBoat^c Landmark^c Plaything^c Device-UserControlled^c Shipment^c Watercraft-Small^c

HumanSensitivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanSensitivity`
Description	'HumanSensitivity' is a BehavioralDisposition of a Person that specifies how that person is likely to react to some specific stimulus There may be more than one possible reaction, with probabilities for each. `@ToDo: a relation to the stimulus is probably a related primitive notion for this concept.`
Super-classes	Action^c Sensitivity^c BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c

HumanSexualIntercourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanSexualIntercourse`
Description	''HumanSexualIntercourse'' is ''SexualCopulation'' (see type) by two humans. NOTE: classifying this as a ''PleasantEvent'' does not mean it is necessarily always pleasant for both parties. Notably the subtype ''Rape'' is invariably unpleasant for at least one. NOTE that the WN gloss included transitive and intrasitive senses. For some transitive senses in which the partner is usually prefixed by 'with', additional 'en' labels are added having the 'with' after the WN synset word. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'have sex' and noun sense 1 of 'fuck' in WordNet: 1. roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with, get laid, have sex, know, do it, be intimate, have intercourse, have it away, have it off, screw, fuck, jazz, eff, hump, lie with, bed, have a go at it, bang, get it on, bonk - (have sexual intercourse with; 'This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm'; 'Adam knew Eve'; 'Were you ever intimate with this man?') WN noun 'fucking': 1. fuck, fucking, screw, screwing, ass, nooky, nookie, piece of ass, piece of tail, roll in the hay, shag, shtup - (slang for sexual intercourse)
Super-classes	PleasantEvent^c HumanActivity^c PleasuresOfTheFlesh^c SatisfyingaDesire^c SexualCopulation^c
Restrictions	causes^op value SexualGratification^c
Sub-classes	Adultery^c Incest^c Fornication^c

HumanShelterConstruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanShelterConstruction`
Description	A specialization of both #$ShelterConstruction and #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Each instance of #$HumanShelterConstruction is a place designed to shelter people from the elements by allowing them to get indoors. Specializations include #$ModernHumanResidence, #$SchoolBuilding, #$ShoppingMallBuilding, and many others. Each instance of #$HumanShelterConstruction must have a roof and typically has sides, though the latter may be flimsy (as in instances of #$TentTheShelter) or even absent (as in some instances of #$ParkingGarage). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 1. (56) shelter - (a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger)`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c ShelterConstruction^c HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	JewelryStore-Facility^c ErectedTent^c OfficeBuilding^c BathHouse^c Hut^c Lodging^c

HumanSizedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanSizedObject`
Description	''HumanSizedObject'' fills the gap between ''PortableObject' and ''HumanScaleObject'' (which can be bigger than a house. A ''HumanSizedObject'' is not portable (for most people, not for weight lifters) but is smaller than a house. Prototypical sould be an ''Automobile''. `For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: LargeObject HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.`
Super-classes	MacroscopicObject^c
Sub-classes	ArmoredVehicle^c Automobile^c TelevisionCamera^c Excavator^c StorageTank^c Bulldozer^c Chassis^c Eyesore^c DrinkingFountain^c Fountain^c

HumanSubject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanSubject`
Description	A 'HumanSubject' is a Person who is being used in a scientific or medical investigation, being subjected to some experimental procedure; the procedure does not have to involve physical action on the body it can be an investigation of behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'subject' in WordNet: 5. (97) subject, case, guinea pig - (a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation; 'the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly'; 'the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op some Research^c

HumanToddler^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanToddler

Description

The toddler stage begins at about 1 year of age, when a child begins to walk and talk, and ends at about 3-1/2 when the child is probably toilet trained and has a number of advanced physical skills, like running and climbing with coordination.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toddler' in WordNet:
          1. toddler, yearling, tot, bambino - (a young child)

Super-classes Child^c
HumanPreSchoolageChild^c

HumanWalkingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanWalkingProcess`
Description	A #$HumanCapabilityType and a specialization of #$AnimalWalkingProcess and #$WalkingOnTwoLegs. Each instance of this collection is a walking event in which the locomotor is a #$Person. Specializations include #$Backpacking and #$RaceWalkingEvent. `A Person walking - a ''Walking'' done by a Person rather than a NonHumanAnimal or an Automation or an ExtraTerrestrial. Corresponds (presumably) to noun sense 1 of 'walking' in WordNet: 1. walk, walking - (the act of traveling by foot; 'walking is a healthy form of exercise')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c WalkingOnTwoLegs^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	WalkingOutdoors^c SleepWalking^c ShufflingWalk^c Marching^c Tramping^c WalkingForExercise^c Sneaking^c Wading^c Hiking^c Tiptoeing^c DuckWalking^c Pacing^c Limping^c Sidling^c Treading^c

HumanWatchdog^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanWatchdog

Description

A 'HumanWatchdog' is a 'Protector' who protects by metaphorically keeping watch, involving the monitoring of activites of people in some Organization(s) to detect theft or other illegal or wasetful activities.

     'The Inspector general is the chief in-house watchdog for government wrongdoing.'

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watchdog' in WordNet:
        1. watchdog - (a guardian or defender against theft or illegal practices or waste;
             'she is the global watchdog for human rights abuses')

Super-classes Protector^c

HumanYouth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanYouth`
Description	A Person under 18 years - a Role. In Cyc 'YoungHuman' is a person under 35, but that level of discrimination is not needed yet. (v 0.32) SUMO: The class of Humans that are younger than 18 years of age. Cyc:A specialization of #$HomoSapiens. Each instance of this collection is a human less than 35 years of age. This collection is disjoint with #$OldHuman - the collection of humans more than 60 years of age. Notable specializations of #$YoungHuman include #$Child, #$HumanTeenager and #$HumanYoungAdult. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'youth' in WordNet: 1. (323) young person, youth, younker, spring chicken - (a young person (especially a young man or boy))
Super-classes	Person^c HumanRole^c YoungHuman^c JuvenileAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Pupil^c Wench^c PubescentHuman^c Girl^c JuvenilePerson^c Nerd^c Child^c Teenager^c Boy^c

Humane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humane`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'humane' in Wordnet: 2. humane - (marked or motivated by concern with the alleviation of suffering)`
Super-classes	Benevolent^c

Humanitarian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humanitarian

Description

     NOTE: the two senses of 'humanitarian' in WN are not clearly distingsuished
        logically, and have been merged here.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'humanitarian' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) human-centered, human-centred, humanist, humanistic, humanitarian -
            (marked by humanistic values and devotion to human welfare; 'a humane physician';
            'released the prisoner for humanitarian reasons'; 
            'respect and humanistic regard for all members of our species')
        2. humanitarian - (of or relating to or characteristic of humanitarianism; 'humanitarian aid')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Humanitarianism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humanitarianism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humanitarianism' in WordNet: 1. humanitarianism, humanism - (the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Philosophy^c

Humanities^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humanities`
Description	The ''Humanities'' is a broad ''FieldOfStudy'' whose topics include languages, history, musc, fine arts, performing rts and philosophy, among others. Within a faculty of 'Arts and Sciences' at a college or university this is the part that contains almost anything but the sciences or engineering. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humanities' in WordNet: 1. humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, arts - (studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills); 'the college of arts and sciences')`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c
Sub-classes	History^c Classicism^c Philology^c Philosophy^c

HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject`
Description	A specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject is a place that humans occupy. Instances include both movable things, such as cars and ships, and things having a more or less permanent location, such as houses or office buildings. Instances include things made by human beings, such as subway stations or concert halls, as well as things not made by human beings, such as caves.
Super-classes	MacroscopicObject^c
Sub-classes	Campsite^c AthleticField^c AthleticFieldPart^c VictorianStructure^c Playground^c Truck^c Garden^c Campus^c Lawn^c CornField^c Snowplow^c Patio^c StageForPerformances^c Automobile^c PublicTransportationDevice^c Scaffold^c Courtyard^c Ambulance^c Farmland^c TractorTrailer^c GrainField^c OffstageArea^c Ship^c Bastion^c RecreationalVehicle^c HumanOccupationConstruct^c VehicleStorageConstruct^c PartitionedSpace^c Scaffolding^c

HumanoidRobot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumanoidRobot`
Description	A ''HumanoidRobot'' is a ''Robot'' that has the appearance of a ''Person'' (Human being) and can perform some physical actions intended to look as though they were performed like a ''Person''. As of 2019 no ''HumanoidRobot'' is close enough to be mstaken for a real ''Person'', but such ''HumanoidRobot'' are prtrayed in fictional books and moves, were they are sometimes refered to as 'androids'. In COSMO an ''Android'' is represented as a ''FictionalThing'' (a ''MentalObject'') and therefore cannot be considered as a subtype of ''Robot'' yet. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'robot' in WordNet (see parent type ''Automaton'' to include non-physical objects: in WordNet: 1. automaton, robot, golem - (a mechanism that can move automatically)`
Super-classes	Robot^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Person^c

Humble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humble`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing ''Humility''. The parent type attribute is given as ''Dissatisfied'' ''Unhappy'' which is not quite right. The absence of ''Pride'' does not necessarily mean that one is ''Dissatisfied'' of ''Unhappy'' - but it comes close. It assumes that everyone wants to do something to feel proud about. @ToDo - another more general feeling attribute? `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'humble' in WordNet: 2. (1) humble - (marked by meekness or modesty; not arrogant or prideful; 'a humble apology'; 'essentially humble...and self-effacing, he achieved the highest formal honors and distinctions'- B.K.Malinowski)`
Super-classes	Dissatisfied^c
Sub-classes	Meek^c

Humbug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humbug`
Description	''Humbug'' is any information conveyed that is not just not credible, but very clearly so: nonsensical, silly, or utterly meaningless. This is very broad. The WN gloss includes annoying 'unacceptable behavior', but that needs to be represented by a different type. The term ''Nonsense''is used as the label for a subtype that is a ''LinguisticAssertion''. Perhaps these two should be merged? Includes noun sense 1 of 'humbug' and the part of senses 4 and 5 of 'bunk' that refer to information communicated, in WordNet: 1. baloney, boloney, bilgewater, bosh, drool, humbug, taradiddle, tarradiddle, tommyrot, tosh, twaddle - (pretentious or silly talk or writing) WN noun 'bunk' (for sense 4, the ludicrously false statements): 4. bunk, bunkum, buncombe, guff, rot, hogwash - (unacceptable behavior (especially ludicrously false statements))
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Incredible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nonsensical^c
Sub-classes	IrishBull^c Nonsense^c Drivel^c

Humdrum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humdrum

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humdrum' in Wordnet:
          1. commonplace, humdrum, prosaic, unglamorous, unglamourous -
             (not challenging; dull and lacking excitement; 'an unglamorous job greasing engines')

Super-classes Unexciting^c
Uninteresting^c
Common^c

Humectant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humectant

Description

Each subtype of 'Humectant' is an instance of some 'SubstanceType' that cane be used to preserve moisture in some substance mixture. Examples of substances that can fill the Role of 'Humectant' are Glycerol and propylene glycol.

        (Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.36).)

        e.g. Glycerol mayFillTheRoleOf Humectant - see 'Glycerol'

       ?Perhaps make type 'HumectantType' so this can be an instance?

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humectant' in WordNet:
          1. humectant - (any substance that is added to another substance to keep it moist)

Super-classes SubstanceRole^c
PhysicalSubstance^c

HumectantType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumectantType`
Description	HumectantType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that can fill the Role of 'Humectant'. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	RoleType^c SubstanceType^c
Restrictions	mayFillTheRoleOf^op value Humectant^c

Humerus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humerus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humerus' in WordNet: 1. humerus - (bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow)`
Super-classes	ArmBone^c LongBone^c

Humid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humid`
Description	''Humid'' is the attribute of some part of the atmosphere where the relative humidity is over 70%. The most comfortable humidity level at 72-75 deg F is about 45%. This criterion for 'Humid' is somewhat arbitrary, as different people will feel the humidity differently; also, the effect depends on temperature. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humid' in WordNet: 1. humid - (containing or characterized by a great deal of water vapor; 'humid air'; 'humid weather')`
Super-classes	Moist^c
Sub-classes	TropicLike^c

Humidifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humidifier`
Description	`RHW: 1. a device for increasing the amount of water vapor in the air of a room or building, consisting of a container for water and a vaporizer.`
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value HumidifyingAir^c emits^op value WaterVapor^c

HumidifyingAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumidifyingAir`
Description	CYC: The collection of intrinsic state-change processes which increase the concentration of water vapor in some portion of air. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'humidify' in WordNet: 1. humidify, moisturize, moisturise - (make (more) humid; 'We have a machine that humidifies the air in the house')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Air^c causesIncreaseIn^op value RelativeHumidity^c isaDesignFunctionOf^op value Humidifier^c

Humidity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humidity`
Description	''Humidity'' is a subtype of ''Wetness'' specifically characterizing the amount (absolute or relative) of ''WaterVapor'' in the Air in some location, indoors or outdoors. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) humidity, humidness - (wetness in the atmosphere)`
Super-classes	Wetness^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some AirObject^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op value WaterVapor^c

Humidor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humidor`
Description	`RHW: a container or storage room for cigars or other preparations of tobacco, fitted with means for keeping the tobacco suitably moist. No WN sense of 'humidor'`
Super-classes	HexalateralBox^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Tobacco^c isDesignedToContain^op value Cigar^c

Humiliated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humiliated

Description

''Humiliated'' is a moreintensive degreee of ''Embarrassed'', for people who have experienced ''HumiliatingSomeone''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and art of sense 2 of 'humiliated' in Wordnet:
           1. broken, crushed, humbled, humiliated, low - (subdued or brought low 
              in condition or status;   'brought low'; 'a broken man'; 'his broken spirit')
           2. embarrassed, humiliated, mortified - (made to feel uncomfortable 
                because of shame or wounded pride; 'too embarrassed to say hello 
                to his drunken father on the street')

Super-classes Embarrassed^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Humiliating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humiliating`
Description	''Humiliating'' is an AttributeValue of actions that demonstrate such a lack of capability (in whatever way relevant to performing that Action) that causes the actor to feel ''Shamed'' - although the action itself is not ''Shameful'', it is merely poor quality of the performance that causes an awareness in the actor that others may get a low opinion of the actor because of it. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humiliating' in Wordnet: 1. (2) demeaning, humbling, humiliating, mortifying - (causing awareness of your shortcomings; 'golf is a humbling game')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Embarrassing^c Ignominious^c

HumiliatingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HumiliatingSomeone`
Description	''HumiliatingSomeone'' is a more ''EmbarrassingSomeone'' that is an ''Action'' that causes a person to feel ''Humiliation''. That ''Action'' can be performed by the Person who gets ''Humiliated'' or by another person, e.g. someone who reveals a secret about a Person who then gets ''Humiliated''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'humiliate' in WordNet: 1. (2) humiliate, mortify, chagrin, humble, abase - (cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of; 'He humiliated his colleague by criticising him in front of the boss')`
Super-classes	EmbarrassingSomeone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Embarrassing^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Humiliated^c hadAffectedPerson^op some Person^c causesMentalEventType^op value Mortification^c

Humility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humility`
Description	Insignificance, Inferiority: feeling of absence of pride in oneself and in one's achievement, with the connotation of undue self-deprecation, humilliation or abjectness. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'humility' in Wordnet: 1. (2) humility, humbleness - (a disposition to be humble; a lack of false pride; 'not everyone regards humility as a virtue') 2. (1) humility, humbleness - (a humble feeling; 'he was filled with humility at the sight of the Pope')`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Shyness^c

Humming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humming`
Description	Making musical tones with the mouth closed, without actually speaking words; a type of ''vocalizing'' that is not actually ''Speaking''. `In WN this is classified as a type of 'singing', but in COSMO 'Singing' requires at least an open mouth, and usually some words. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hum' in Wordnet: 1. (4) hum - (sing with closed lips; 'She hummed a melody')`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c Vocalizing^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value HummingSound^c lacks^op value Speaking^c alwaysCauses^op some Music^c

HummingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HummingSound

Description

One or more Sounds having a steady low pitch. This can be produced by human ''Humming'' or by natural or mechaincal processes that produce sounds like a human 'hum' (as with traffic or smoothly operating machinery).

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hum' in Wordnet:
           3. hum, humming - (a humming noise; 'the hum of distant traffic')

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Hummingbird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hummingbird`
Description	CYC: The collection of all hummingbirds, i.e. members of the #$BiologicalFamily Trochilidae. The smallest birds are hummingbirds. Hummingbirds have a diet that is mainly nectar from flowers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hummingbird' in WordNet: 1. hummingbird - (tiny American bird having brilliant iridescent plumage and long slender bills; wings are specialized for vibrating flight)`
Super-classes	ApodiformBird^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Iridescent^c hasOrganicPart^op value IridescentPlumage^c

Humongous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humongous

Description

''Humongous'' is an informal sense of ''Huge'' typically used for emphasis.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humongous' in WordNet:
         1. humongous, banging, thumping, whopping, walloping - ((used informally) very large; 'a thumping loss')

Super-classes Huge^c

Humor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humor`
Description	The content of a Communication that is Humorous. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humor' in WordNet: 1. (8) wit, humor, humour, witticism, wittiness - (a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter)`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Humorous^c
Sub-classes	Caricature^c

Humorous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Humorous`
Description	An AttributeValue of an Event or Object or of the content of a Communication that causes Amusement or Laughter. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humorous' in WordNet: 1. (9) humorous, humourous - (full of or characterized by humor; 'humorous stories'; 'humorous cartoons'; 'in a humorous vein')`
Super-classes	Funny^c
Sub-classes	Wry^c

Hunger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hunger`
Description	An unpleasant internal Sensation caused by physiological processes reacting to lack of food in the ''Stomach''. Its evolutionary survival value is to prompt the Animal to eat and get adequate nourishment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunger' in WordNet: 1. (9) hunger, hungriness - (a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation)`
Super-classes	Appetite^c UnpleasantBodyEvent^c BodySensation^c
Sub-classes	Starvation^c

Hungry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hungry`
Description	An AttributeValue of an Animal that is experiencing Hunger. `In Cyc 'Hungry' represents a hungry animal. In COSMO it is the attribute of a hungery animal, and usage is different. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hungry' in WordNet: 1. (7) hungry - (feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food; 'a world full of hungry people')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Famished^c

Hunk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hunk

Description

A ''Hunk'' is a solid ''Piece'' of some solid substance, it can be hand-sized but may be large (e.g. a 'hunk of concrete fell from the building ledge'). The ''Hunk'' itself is a ''HomogeneousObject'; though the Object of which it is a 'Piece' ned not be homogeneous.

    Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'hunk' in WordNet
      (NOTE this type is not necesarily large):
      in WordNet:
        1. (4) hunk, lump - (a large piece of something without definite shape;
             'a hunk of bread'; 'a lump of coal')

Super-classes PieceOfAnObject^c
HomogeneousObject^c
SolidObject^c

Hunter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hunter`
Description	A ''Hunter'' is the Role of a Animal (usually a person) who is now hunting or habitually hunts. A Role that is more often temporary than professional. This includes Animals who hunt as well as people (see ''HuntingAnimal''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunter' in WordNet: 1. (7) hunter, huntsman - (someone who hunts game)`
Super-classes	Role^c Animal^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Hunting^c
Sub-classes	Poacher^c

Hunting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hunting`
Description	COSMO note: Cats hunt for mice indoors, so the Cyc requirement 'outdoor' must be taken as a default. Cyc: An instance of #$SkilledActivityType. Each instance of #$Hunting is a primarily land-based #$OutdoorActivity in which an #$Animal (or #$Group thereof) searches for other (typically weaker) #$Animals to kill for food and/or sport. When #$Hunting is performed by humans, #$ProjectileWeapons are usually used. NOTE that this includes animals who try to catch fish, but for humans who try to catch fish, use 'Fishing'. This type is only for hunting on the ground. SUMO: Hunting is the class of Processes in which an animal or animals are pursued and sometimes captured and/or killed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hunt' in WordNet: 1. (4) hunt, run, hunt down, track down - (pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals); Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland'; 'The dogs are running deer'; 'The Duke hunted in these woods')
Super-classes	Pursuing^c AnimalActivity^c OutdoorActivity^c
Sub-classes	Preying^c Poaching^c

HuntingAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HuntingAnimal`
Description	A NonHumanAnimal that hunts for food (rather than grazing or scavenging).
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c Predator^c Carnivore^c

HuntingDog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HuntingDog`
Description	NOTE: a ''HuntingDog'' can also be kept as a pet animal, wwith no intention of using it in hunting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunting dog' in WordNet: 1. hunting dog - (a dog used in hunting game)`
Super-classes	Dog^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value Hunting^c
Sub-classes	Terrier^c

HuntingKnife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HuntingKnife`
Description	A large pointed knife typically used in hunting or fishing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunting knife' in Wordnet: 1. hunting knife - (a large sharp knife with a handle shaped to fit the grip)`
Super-classes	Weapon^c Knife^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value Hunting^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value Fishing^c

Hurdle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hurdle`
Description	CYC: The collection of hurdles that runners jump over in HurdleSportsEvents. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurdle' in WordNet: 1. (1) hurdle - (a light movable barrier that competitors must leap over in certain races)`
Super-classes	SportsEquipment^c PortableObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c BarrierObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value HurdleRace^c

HurdleRace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HurdleRace`
Description	CYC 'HurdleSportsEvent': The collection of races with hurdles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurdle race' in WordNet: 1. hurdles, hurdling, hurdle race - (a footrace in which contestant must negotiate a series of hurdles)`
Super-classes	ShortDistanceFootRace^c IndividualSportsCompetition^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Hurdling^c usesDeviceType^op value Hurdle^c

Hurdling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hurdling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hurdle' in WordNet: 1. (2) hurdle - (jump a hurdle)`
Super-classes	JumpingOverSomething^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value HurdleRace^c hasThingPassed^op value Hurdle^c

Hurling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hurling`
Description	Each ''Hurling'' is a ''Tossing'' event in which a Person or Device propels some SolidObject forcefully thrugh the air, usually in a specific direction, but not necessarily with the intention of harming some object in the path of the hurled object. This includes the throwing of a bseball in professional ball games, and ''Hurling'' destructive objects with a catapult or trebuchet.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hurl' in WordNet: 1. (9) hurl, hurtle, cast - (throw forcefully)`
Super-classes	Impelling^c Throwing^c DirectedTranslation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c isPerformedBy^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or Device^c or DeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	Pitching^c

Hurrah^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hurrah

Description

The word 'hurrah' suddenly emitted loudly, to express approval or agreement, or elation at an accomplishment.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'hurrah' in Wordnet:
      1. hurrah, hooray - (a victory cheer; 'let's give the team a big hurrah')
    WN verb 'hurrah':
      1. hurrah - (shout 'hurrah!')

Super-classes Exclamation^c
Cheering^c

HurricaneAsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HurricaneAsEvent`
Description	Instances of the weather phenomenon,considered as Events with beginning and end times. Subtype of both storm and wind. `Wordnet makes no distinction betweenhe Event and Object aspects of a 'hurricane': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurricane' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hurricane - (a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale))`
Super-classes	StormAsEvent^c NaturalDisaster^c Wind^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value DangerousSituation^c produces^op value HurricaneAsObject^c

HurricaneAsObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HurricaneAsObject

Description

A cyclone with high-speed winds and thunderstorms. See also #$HurricaneAsEvent.

      Wordnet makes no distinction betweenhe Event and Object aspects of a 'hurricane':
       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurricane' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) hurricane - (a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds 
          moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale))

Super-classes StormAsObject^c

HurricaneDeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HurricaneDeck`
Description	The top deck of a large multi-deck ship. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurricane deck' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hurricane deck, hurricane roof, promenade deck, awning deck - (a deck at the top of a passenger ship)`
Super-classes	Platform^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Boat^c

Hurried^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hurried`
Description	An AttributeValue of an Action that is performed at a more rapid pace than is usual for that type of Action, because of a sense of urgency in the agent doing the Action.. This is a subtype of 'quick', more specific in that it means that the manner of performing the activity is more rapid than usual due to a sense of urgency on the part of the performer (rather than from other causes); one implication is that a 'Hurried' action may not be done as carefully as is desirable, and the quality of the result may be less than normal, or the quantity of results less than normal. 'A hurried paint job, with visible streaks remaining' 'A quick visit to New York, with only time enough to visit one museum'. Contrasts with 'unhurried' 'liesurely', 'meticulous', and in one sense 'careful' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hurried', and sense 2 of 'quick' to part of the sense 1 of 'rushed' in WordNet: WN 'hurried' 1. (3) hurried - (moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste; 'a hurried trip to the store'; 'the hurried life of a city'; 'a hurried job') WN 'rushed' 1. rush, rushed - (done under pressure; 'a rush job') WN 'quick' 2. (6) flying, quick, fast - (hurried and brief; 'paid a flying visit'; 'took a flying glance at the book'; 'a quick inspection'; 'a fast visit')
Super-classes	Quick^c
Sub-classes	PellMell^c

Hurrying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hurrying`
Description	An intentional Action performed more quickly than is usual for that kind of activity. This is general quick action, including Actions that do not involve moving from place to place - such as hurrying the preparation of something, or hurrying a reading task. In general, Actions that are Hurrying will also be instance of other Action types. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hurry' and sense 4 of 'rush' and sense 1 of 'hasten' in WordNet: 2. (8) rush, hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate - (act or move at high speed; 'We have to rush!'; 'hurry-it's late!')`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hurried^c
Sub-classes	Scrambling^c

Hurtling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hurtling`
Description	''Hurtling'' is a ''Translocation'' that is a rapid (''Fast'') linear (at any given time point) motion. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hurtle' in WordNet: 1. (3) hurtle - (move with or as if with a rushing sound; 'The cars hurtled by')`
Super-classes	Translocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast^c

Husband^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Husband`
Description	The Role of a man who is married to a woman. Includes the male partner in formalized male-male marriages. (new usage after 2014). `In Cyc represented only as the relation 'spouse'. See 'hasSpouse' for the comparable COSMO relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'husband' in WordNet: 1. (70) husband, hubby, married man - (a married man; a woman's partner in a marriage)`
Super-classes	Spouse^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some Marriage^c

Hush^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hush

Description

A ''Hush'' is a temporary state of ''Silence'' in a location where sounds are common.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hush' in WordNet:
         1. (1) hush, stillness, still - ((poetic) tranquil silence; 
            "the still of the night")

Super-classes Silence^c
Hiatus^c

Husky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Husky`
Description	A subtype of ''WorkingDog'' used for pulling sleds over snow in the northern regions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'husky' in WordNet: 1. Eskimo dog, husky - (breed of heavy-coated Arctic sled dog)`
Super-classes	WorkingDog^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Dogsledding^c

Hustling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hustling`
Description	''Hustling'' is a ''BodyMovementEvent'' where a Person moves the whole body from place to place in a ''Fast'' (rapid) manner, often with the purpose of accomplishing some task quickly. This includes the notion of working quickly so as to accomplish multiple tasks quickly. `NOTE: this is not 'hustling' in order to scam or bilk other people. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hustle' in WordNet: 2. (1) bustle, bustle about, hustle - (move or cause to move energetically or busily; 'The cheerleaders bustled about excitingly before their performance')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c BodyMovementEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Fast^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Hut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hut`
Description	CYC 'Shack': Very small, often temporary shelter from the elements. Can be a residence - if so, the residents are very poor. Construction is quite simple, with usually just one room. `'hut' sense 2 in WordNet: 2. (4) hovel, hut, hutch, shack, shanty - (small crude shelter used as a dwelling)`
Super-classes	HumanShelterConstruction^c Building^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Hybrid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hybrid

Description

''Hybrid'' includes any form of breeding between two organisms of different species or different strains or races. The two can be distinguished by subtypes when needed.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hybrid' in Wordnet:
          1. crossed, hybrid, interbred, intercrossed - (produced by crossbreeding)
        WN adj 'crossbred':
          2. crossbred, interbred - (bred of parents of different races or strains)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

HybridOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HybridOrganism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hybrid' in WordNet: 3. hybrid, crossbreed, cross - (an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock; especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species; 'a mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey')`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Crossbreeding^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hybrid^c

Hydrangea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hydrangea

Description

CYC: The collection of Hydrangea woody shrubs and vines. Several species are cultivated in greenhouses and gardens for their showy flower clusters.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrangea' in WordNet:
          1. hydrangea - (any of various deciduous or evergreen shrubs 
             of the genus Hydrangea)

Super-classes Bush^c

Hydraulic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hydraulic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hydraulic' in Wordnet: 1. hydraulic - (moved or operated or effected by liquid (water or oil); 'hydraulic erosion'; 'hydraulic brakes')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

HydraulicBrake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydraulicBrake`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydraulic brake' in WordNet: 1. hydraulic brake, hydraulic brakes - (brake system in which a brake pedal moves a piston in the master cylinder; brake fluid then applies great force to the brake pads or shoes)`
Super-classes	BrakeSystem^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value LiquidObject^c hasComponentPart^op value Piston^c

Hydrocarbon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hydrocarbon`
Description	An OrganicCompound composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The singular form indicates that only one hydrocarbon can be represented in this Type, not a mixture. Mehtane and benzene are common subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrocarbon' in Wordnet: 1. (3) hydrocarbon - (an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c Hydrocarbons^c
Sub-classes	Styrene^c Benzene^c Alkane^c Toluene^c Ethene^c

Hydrocarbons^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hydrocarbons`
Description	A compound, or mixture of compounds, composed predominantly from carbon and hydrogen atoms, though other elements may occur as minor impurities. This is a substance composed of a Group of substances, each of which is a ''Hydrocarbon'' (a substance of defined chemical composition). As a Group, it could have as few as one element, so on ''Hydrocarbon'' would be a subtype (and it is listed as such) By this definition, Petroleum is a Hydrocarbon, though constituents with nitrogen and oxygen may occur in those complex mixtures. These are found in natural gas and crude oil, and are also made synthetically. `NOTE the use of the plural form to indicate that this may be, but does not have to be, a mixture of individual hydrocarbons - see, for example, 'Gasoline'. For single-formular hydrocarbons, see the Type 'Hydrocarbon' (singular)`
Super-classes	Group^c OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Carbon^c
Sub-classes	Gasoline^c Kerosene^c DieselFuel^c Tar^c AviationFuel^c Hydrocarbon^c

Hydrocolloid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hydrocolloid`
Description	Each subtype of 'Hydrocolloid' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that can form a gel when mixed with water. `This is included mostly to provide a parent for Jell-O Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrocolloid' in WordNet: 1. hydrocolloid - (a substance that forms a gel with water)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value gel^c
Sub-classes	Jell-O^c

Hydrogen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hydrogen`
Description	The element with one proton in each nucleus. At room temperature it form a gas with two atoms per molecule. The gas burns in air, and mixtures of 2% to 98% in air are explosive. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen' in WordNet: 1. (21) hydrogen, H, atomic number 1 - (a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe)`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c
Restrictions	consistsOfManyOf^op value HydrogenAtom^c

HydrogenAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydrogenAtom`
Description	One atom of Hydrogen; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen atom' in WordNet: 1. (12) hydrogen atom - (an atom of hydrogen)`
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Hydrogen^c

HydrogenBomb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydrogenBomb`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$NuclearBomb and #$FusionWeapon. Each instance of #$HydrogenBomb is a bomb that derives its explosive force from the energy released when atoms of hydrogen are fused to form helium. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen bomb' in WordNet: 1. hydrogen bomb, H-bomb, fusion bomb, thermonuclear bomb - (a nuclear weapon that releases atomic energy by union of light (hydrogen) nuclei at high temperatures to form helium)`
Super-classes	NuclearBomb^c FusionWeapon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Powerful^c

HydrogenCyanide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydrogenCyanide`
Description	Pure ''HydrogenCyanide'' is a gas that in solution is a (weak) acid whose salts are toxic by releasing cyanide ion. In the gaseous form it is poisonous when inhaled. CYC: The collection of all hydrogen cyanide, whether in gaseous form or in solution as hydrocyanic acid [#$HydrocyanicAcid]. The aqueous solution in WN would be a subtype of this: 1. hydrocyanic acid, prussic acid - (a solution of hydrogen cyanide in water; weak solutions are used in fumigating and in the synthesis of organic compounds) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen cyanide' in WordNet: 1. hydrogen cyanide - (a highly poisonous gas or volatile liquid that smells like bitter almonds; becomes a gas at around 90 degree Fahrenheit and is most dangerous when inhaled; the anhydride of hydrocyanic acid; used in manufacturing)
Super-classes	InorganicChemical^c Cyanide^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Poisonous^c

HydrogenFluoride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydrogenFluoride`
Description	CYC: The collection of samples of hydrogen fluoride. Its instances are moderately strong acids. Its formula is HF. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen fluoride' in WordNet: 1. hydrogen fluoride - (a colorless poisonous corrosive liquid made by the action of sulphuric acid on calcium fluoride; solutions in water are hydrofluoric acid)`
Super-classes	InorganicChemical^c BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Poisonous^c

HydrogenFluorideMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydrogenFluorideMolecule`
Description	CYC: The collection of HF molecules.
Super-classes	Molecule^c

HydrogenPeroxide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydrogenPeroxide

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen peroxide' in WordNet:
           1. (1) hydrogen peroxide, peroxide - (a viscous liquid 
              with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent;
              also used as a disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) 
              as an oxidant in rocket fuels)

Super-classes Oxide^c
Peroxide^c

HydrogenSulfide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydrogenSulfide`
Description	A gas at room temperature and pressure that has the distinctive odor of rotten eggs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen sulfide' in WordNet: 1. hydrogen sulfide - (a sulfide having the unpleasant smell of rotten eggs)`
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasTheOdorOf^op value RottenEgg^c containsChemicalElement^op value Sulfur^c containsChemicalElement^op value Hydrogen^c

Hydropower^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hydropower

Description

A type of energy, not the facility that produces hydropower electricity. This is the energy content in a body of water elevated above a local terrain with runoff capability, and contained in a reservoir that can be accessed (tapped) to produce power - usually electric, possibly mechanical.

         'head of water' - not represented yet.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterpower' in WordNet:
         1. waterpower - (the power to do work that is latent in a head of water)

Super-classes PotentialEnergy^c

HydroxylGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HydroxylGroup`
Description	An AtomGroup containing one atom each of Hydrogen and Oxygen, having valence of 1. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydroxyl group' in WordNet: 1. hydroxyl, hydroxyl group, hydroxyl radical - (the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols)`
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHydrogenAtom^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOxygenAtom^c

Hydroxylamine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hydroxylamine`
Description	CYC: The collection of samples of hydroxylamine; H2NOH.
Super-classes	InorganicChemical^c Gas^c ToxicSubstance^c ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c Electrolyte^c

Hyena^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hyena`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyena' in WordNet: 1. hyena, hyaena - (doglike nocturnal mammal of Africa and southern Asia that feeds chiefly on carrion)`
Super-classes	Scavenger^c Canine^c

Hygiene^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hygiene`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hygiene' in WordNet: 1. hygiene - (a condition promoting sanitary practices; 'personal hygiene')`
Super-classes	SystemCondition^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Hygienic^c

Hygienic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hygienic

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hygienic' in Wordnet:
         1. hygienic, hygienical - (tending to promote or preserve health; 
           'hygienic habits like using disposable tissues'; 'hygienic surroundings with plenty of fresh air')

Super-classes Sanitary^c
Clean^c

HymenopteranOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HymenopteranOrder`
Description	CYC: A collection of animals; a subset of #$Insect. The #$HymenopteranOrder is one of the largest and most-significant-to-humans orders in the #$Insect class, and includes #$Ants, #$Wasps, and #$Bees. Insects in the #$HymenopteranOrder range from about 0.21 mm (0.008 in.) to about 5 cm (2 in.) in length; usually have membranous wings with relatively few veins, have mouthparts modified for chewing and/or sucking, have large compound eyes, and sometimes have stingers. Many have complex social organizations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hymenopteran' in WordNet: 1. hymenopterous insect, hymenopteran, hymenopteron, hymenopter - (insects having two pairs of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging or piercing)`
Super-classes	Insect^c
Sub-classes	Ant^c Wasp^c Bee^c

Hymn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hymn

Description

       NOTE: WordMet includes a song of praise 'to a nation' in its gloss, but that is not
           included in this sense.  For an 'anthem' use ''Anthem''.

        Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'hymn' in WordNet:
          1. (7) hymn, anthem - (a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation))

Super-classes ReligiousSong^c

Hyoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hyoid`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyoid' in WordNet: 1. hyoid, hyoid bone, os hyoideum - (a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles)`
Super-classes	Bone^c

Hype^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hype`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hype' in WordNet: 1. ballyhoo, hoopla, hype, plug - (blatant or sensational promotion)`
Super-classes	Publicity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Overblown^c

Hyperpigmentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hyperpigmentation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyperpigmentation' in WordNet: 1. hyperpigmentation - (unusual darkening of the skin)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c OrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Suntan^c

Hypertension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypertension`
Description	This ''Hypertension'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' that is signified by the Pressure measure ''HighBloodPressure''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypertension' in WordNet: 1. high blood pressure, hypertension - (a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater))`
Super-classes	ChronicCondition^c CardiovascularDisease^c
Restrictions	hasSymptom^op value HighBloodPressure^c

Hyphen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hyphen

Description

A ''Hyphen'' is a 'PunctuationMark' (-) that isused to create a 'hyphenated word' from two separate words, or as a one-character 'dash' it breaks the sentence into parts (''EnDash'' and ''EmDash'').

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyphen' in WordNet:
     1. hyphen, dash - (a punctuation mark (-) used between parts 
        of a compound word or between the syllables of a word when 
        the word is divided at the end of a line of text)

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

HypnoticTrance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HypnoticTrance`
Description	A ''HypnoticTrance'' is a ''Trance'' induced by hypnosis. This appears to be the same as WN 'hypnosis'. Difference is obscure. NOTE that gloss for 'hypnotic trance' says 'use of hypnosis', sugesting that 'hynosis' should be 'hypnotizing'. `Note RHW 'hypnosis': 1. an artificially induced trance state resembling sleep, characterized by heightened susceptibility to suggestion. 2. hypnotism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypnotic trance' and sense 1 of 'hypnosis' (any difference??) in WordNet: 1. hypnotic trance - (a trance induced by the use of hypnosis; the person accepts the suggestions of the hypnotist) WN noun 'hypnosis': 1. hypnosis - (a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion)`
Super-classes	MentalState^c Trance^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value HypnotizingSomeone^c

Hypnotist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypnotist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypnotist' in WordNet: 1. hypnotist, hypnotizer, hypnotiser, mesmerist, mesmerizer - (a person who induces hypnosis)`
Super-classes	Psychologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value HypnotizingSomeone^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value HypnoticTrance^c

HypnotizingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HypnotizingSomeone`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hypnotize' in WordNet: 1. (1) hypnotize, hypnotise, mesmerize, mesmerise - (induce hypnosis in) WN noun 'hypnotism': 1. hypnotism, mesmerism, suggestion - (the act of inducing hypnosis)`
Super-classes	TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value HypnoticTrance^c hadAffectedAgent^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c) isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Hypnotist^c

Hypocrisy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypocrisy`
Description	''Hypocrisy' is a form of ''Deceiving'' (or attempting to deceive) in which a Person asserts something that is contradictory to something that Person previously aserted, thus suggesting that the speaker does not actually believe what is being asserted the second time (or perhaps the first time, or both). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hypocrisy' in WordNet: 2. (1) hypocrisy - (insincerity by virtue of pretending to have qualities or beliefs that you do not really have)`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c Deceiving^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hypocritical^c

Hypocritical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypocritical

Description

A ''Hypocritical'' ''Assertion'' is one that asserts a supposed fact that is contradictory to one that the speaker has previously asserted. This is frequently used in argumentation or debating when the speaker is more concerned with making some rhetorical point than in speaking truth or conveying facts that the speaker truly believes. This differs from simple 'lying' in that being ''Hypocritical'' requires that the speaker previously has asserted something contradictory. Whether two statements are in fact contradictory or only seem so due to a difference in context may be argued ad nauseam.

        This type of assertion suggests that the speaker does not actually believe
          what is being asserted at least in one of the two contradictory assertions.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hypocritical' in Wordnet:
          1. hypocritical - (professing feelings or virtues one does not have; 
             'hypocritical praise')

Super-classes Untruthful^c
Insincere^c

HypodermicNeedle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HypodermicNeedle`
Description	A 'HypodermicNeedle' is any Needle with a hollow shaft designed to allow injection of fluid substances into the body of an animal. They may be used for other purposes as well, but in order to serve that function, the shaft needs to be hollow, and the tip needs to be very sharp and tapered. This is only the metal object that is a hollow shaft. This needs to be attached to a syringe or tube (as in intravenous drip situations) in order to actually serve its function. The restriction on width requires that the needle be no wider than 4 mm, which would be a large needle (as in needles used with catheters). `represented by 'Needle' in COSMO: There is no specific WordNet sense for this type of object, but it is included in noun sense 3 of 'needle' in WordNet: 3. (1) needle - (a sharp pointed implement (usually steel))`
Super-classes	Tube^c Needle^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 0.4^c

HypodermicSyringe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HypodermicSyringe`
Description	A 'HypodermicSyringe' is any syringe that is complete with a HypodermicNeedle attached, and capable of injecting fluids into the body of an animal. NOTE that there are glass 'syringes' that do not include the needle, which is removable and can be replaced; but the syringe without the needle part is not an instance of this type. Each Syringe has a hollow barrel-shaped container, and a plunger fitted into the container to eject the fluid. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syringe' in WordNet: 1. syringe - (a medical instrument used to inject or withdraw fluids)`
Super-classes	Cylinder^c SmallObject^c MedicalDevice^c FluidContainer^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value HypodermicNeedle^c hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c

Hypoglycemia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypoglycemia

Description

Low blood sugar levels.

       CYC: #$Hypoglycemia is an #$AilmentCondition involving
        an abnormal decrease of sugar in the bloodstream.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypoglycemia' in WordNet:
          1. hypoglycemia, hypoglycaemia - (abnormally low blood sugar 
             usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet)

Super-classes AilmentCondition^c

Hypothalamus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypothalamus`
Description	CYC: The collection of all hypothalami. An individual #$Hypothalamus is situated inferior to the #$Thalamus in the #$Diencephalon in the center of a #$Brain and borders on the #$ThirdVentricle. The #$Hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system, emotions, hunger, thirst, sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, and secretions by the attached #$PituitaryGland. `SUMO: The part of the Brain lying below the thalamus that serves to regulate AutonomicProcesses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypothalamus' in Wordnet: 1. (18) hypothalamus - (a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Brain^c

Hypothesis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypothesis`
Description	Each 'Hypothesis' is a specification describing a structure of some system, abstract or concrete. A Hypothesis can be very informal and may have a very narrow scope, and be untested, but to be a Hypothesis rather than a 'Postulate' there must be some level of belief in the agent asserting the Hypothesis that the Hypothesis may actually be true. A more formal Hypothesis that has been tested and survived at least one test is classified as a 'Theory' in COSMO. The borderline between a Hypothesis and a Theory is fuzzy, but a Theory should only be used when it has been the subject of some substantial study effort. An informal and untested hypothesis is sometimes called a 'theory' but the formal term in COSMO is 'Hypothesis'. An 'Assertion' that has no evidence should be classified as a 'Hypothesis'. This is the generic 'hypothesis for any theory in any ''PossibleWorld'';\ for hypotheses describing our ''RealWorld'' use ''ScientificTheory'' Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'hypothesis' in WordNet: 1. (7) hypothesis - - (a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations) 3. guess, conjecture, supposition, surmise, surmisal, speculation, hypothesis - (a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence)
Super-classes	Postulate^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value EvidentiaryInformation^c
Sub-classes	Theory^c Assumption^c

Hypothesizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypothesizing`
Description	A 'Hypothesizing' is a type of 'Postulating' in which an IntelligentAgent creates a Hypothesis, as a way to explain some phenomenon, but in which the agent has only a tentative belief in the explanation. This can be quite informal and may have little or no actual evidence for support. For Hypothesizing that creates a stronger level of belief, use 'Theorizing'. For Hypothesizing that creates a stronger level of belief, of is used in formal reasoning, use subtype 'Theorizing'. Corresponds approximately to verb senses 3 of 'suppose', sense 1 of 'conjecture', sense 1 of 'hypothesize' and sense 1 of 'speculate' in WordNet: 3. (17) speculate, theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate, suppose - (to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; 'Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps')
Super-classes	Postulating^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Hypothesis^c
Sub-classes	Generalizing^c Theorizing^c

Hypothetical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypothetical

Description

''Hypothetical'' describes things - methods or results - that are asociated with some ''Hypothesis''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hypothetical' in WordNet:
       1. (3) conjectural, divinatory, hypothetical, hypothetic, supposed, suppositional,
              suppositious, supposititious - (based primarily on surmise 
              rather than adequate evidence; 'theories about the extinction of dinosaurs 
              are still highly conjectural'; 'the supposed reason for his absence'; 
              'suppositious reconstructions of dead languages'; 'hypothetical situation')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Hypothyroidism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hypothyroidism`
Description	Deficient activity of the thyroid gland. Produces lowered metabolic rate and general lack of vigor. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypothyroidism' in WordNet: 1. (1) hypothyroidism - (an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c GlandularDisease^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Thyroid^c

Hysterectomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hysterectomy`
Description	the surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hysterectomy' in WordNet: 1. hysterectomy - (surgical removal of the uterus)`
Super-classes	SurgicalRemoval^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Uterus^c

Hysterical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hysterical

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hysterical' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) hysteric, hysterical - (characterized by or arising from 
            psychoneurotic hysteria; "during hysterical conditions various functions 
            of the human body are disordered "- Morris Fishbein; "hysterical amnesia")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IBOCreation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IBOCreation`
Description	A specialization of both #$PhysicalCreationEvent and #$IBTGeneration. Each instance of #$IBOCreation is an event in which an instance of #$InformationBearingObject (hereafter IBO) is created. Examples of #$IBOCreation include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, and minting a coin. When an IBO is created, its content may be either original, be copied from a prior #$InformationBearingThing, or be instantiated from an existing #$ConceptualWork. See also the predicate #$iboCreated.
Super-classes	InformationTransferEvent^c IBTGeneration^c CreatingaRepresentation^c PhysicalCreationEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value InformationBearingObject^c
Sub-classes	Spelling^c InputtingData^c Sculpting^c MarkingOnASurface^c EditingAnElectronicDocument^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c MakingaRecord^c ComputerizingInformation^c

IBTCopying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IBTCopying`
Description	''IBTCopying'' is for copying of 'Information Bearing Things' - files or recordings, or of hardcopy information, or of producing casts of solid objects and making 'copies' of those objects from the casts. NOTE that the thing copied does not have to be an 'OriginalCreation'; it could itself be a 'Copy' (or a copy of a copy). CYC: A specialization of #$IBTGeneration-Replication. Each instance of #$IBTCopying is an event which generates some new instance or instances of #$InformationBearingThing by copying the information and format from a source #$InformationBearingThing (see #$informationOrigin). The new instance(s) of #$InformationBearingThing encode(s) approximately the same information in approximately the same way as the source #$InformationBearingThing. A positive example of #$IBTCopying would be a person producing a hand-written copy of a newspaper story, where the copy is in the same language as the story, and the format of the story (e.g., the ordering of the paragraphs) is not changed. Negative examples of #$IBTCopying would be a person producing a translation of the newspaper story, or a person producing a document in which the paragraphs of the story are extensively rearranged. Specializations of #$IBTCopying include #$CopyingAComputerFile and #$PhotocopyingADocument. See also the predicates #$copyProduced and #$itemCopied. SUMO: Making a copy of something. Includes verb senses 1 and 4 and part of sense 3 of 'copy' in WordNet (not including biological replication, which is represented by 'BiologicalReplication': in WordNet: 1. (3) copy - (copy down as is; 'The students were made to copy the alphabet over and over') 4. copy, re-create - (make a replica of; 'copy that drawing'; 're-create a picture by Rembrandt')
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c IBTGeneration-Replication^c MakingaCopy^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Copy^c produces^op some InformationBearingThing^c
Sub-classes	UploadingaFile^c Downloading^c Xeroxing^c

IBTGeneration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IBTGeneration`
Description	A specialization of #$InformationTransferEvent and of #$Action. Each instance of #$IBTGeneration is an event which creates some #$InformationBearingThing. The #$InformationBearingThing created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g. sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of #$InformationBearingObject (cf. the important specialization of IBTGeneration - #$IBOCreation). Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes. It is irrelevant for instances of #$IBTGeneration whether there is another agent who accesses the resulting IBT. Note that every communication act starts with an instance of #$IBTGeneration. (Thus, see also #$Communicating and its specializations, especially #$CommunicationAct-Single.) For an analogous collection regarding instances of #$ConceptualWork, see #$CWCreation. Two important specializations of this collection are #$IBTGeneration-Original and #$IBTGeneration-Replication. See also the predicate #$ibtGenerated. `NOTE that IBTGeneration is not a subtype of 'MakingaPhysicalObject' because that latter category must result in the creation of some persistent physical object, and IBTGeneration could result only in creating gestures or sound waves which dissipate quickly. For the event of making a physical IBT see 'IBOCreation'.`
Super-classes	Creation^c Action^c
Sub-classes	Publicizing^c Song-Sung^c ExpressingApproval^c MakingMusic^c VisualInformationGeneratingAct^c Informing^c Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct^c MovieShowingAtATheater^c UsingALanguage^c IBTGeneration-Replication^c SensingByaDevice^c Detection^c Cheering^c IBOCreation^c ExpressingDisapproval^c

IBTGeneration-Replication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IBTGeneration-Replication`
Description	COSMO note: This can be broadcasting or other form of transmission of information, as well as 'copying' of computer files or of hard copies to other hard copies. For Copying of computer files or of hard copies, use the subtype ''IBTCopying'; for transmitting over wire, the airwaves,or the internet, use ''MediaTransmitting''. Cyc: A specialization of #$IBTGeneration. Each instance of #$IBTGeneration-Replication is an event in which a new instance of #$InformationBearingThing (IBT) is created whose content is based on that of a preexisting IBT (which is the #$informationOrigin (q.v.) of the generation event). The new IBT contains at least part of the information content of the original IBT. It may use the same or a different way of encoding the information. Examples are: copying, sending a file over the internet, broadcasting via radio.
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c IBTGeneration^c
Sub-classes	PublishingWrittenMaterial^c InheritingGenes^c BiologicalReplication^c MediaTransmitting^c IBTRecoding^c IBTCopying^c

IBTRecoding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IBTRecoding`
Description	A specialization of #$IBTGeneration-Replication. Each instance of #$IBTRecoding is an event which generates a new information-bearing thing (i.e., an instance of #$InformationBearingThing) by taking information from a source information-bearing thing (see #$informationOrigin), encoding it a new way, and incorporating it into a new information-bearing thing (see #$ibtGenerated). Instances of #$IBTRecoding may be done either by agents (e.g., people) or by non-agents (e.g., record players, or computers running translation software). Recoding the content of a pre-existing information-bearing thing presupposes some instance of accessing it (i.e., of #$AccessingAnIBT)
Super-classes	IBTGeneration-Replication^c
Sub-classes	Decoding^c Encoding^c

IDDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IDDocument`
Description	COSMO note: This is a physical object. A specialization of #$OfficialDocument. Each instance of this collection is an officially sanctioned credential for identifying some person or physical object. Important subcollections of #$IDDocument include #$Passport, #$DriversLicense, #$PersonalCheck. Other examples include student ID cards, dog tags (worn by military personnel), dog tags (worn by dogs), authentication certificates for an #$ArtObject or an antique. Corresponds to FIBO 'identity document': SKOS def: 'An identity document is any document which may be used to verify aspects of a person's personal identity. If issued in the form of a small, mostly standard-sized card, it is usually called an identity card (IC). Countries which do not have formal identity documents may require informal documents. In the absence of a formal identity document, driving licenses can be used in many countries as a method of proof of identity, although some countries do not accept driving licenses for identification, often because in those countries they don't expire as documents and can be old and easily forged. Most countries accept passports as a form of identification. Most countries have the rule that foreign citizens need to have their passport or occasionally a national identity card from their country available at any time if they do not have residence permit in the country.' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'ID' in WordNet: 2. ID, I.D. - (a card or badge used to identify the bearer; 'you had to show your ID in order to get in') WN noun 'identity card': 2. (2) card, identity card - (a card certifying the identity of the bearer; 'he had to show his card to get in')
Super-classes	Valuable-PersonalPossession^c OfficialDocument^c PositiveIdentification^c
Sub-classes	DriversLicenseDocument^c CreditCard^c Visa-Document^c Check-TenderObject^c NationalIDDocument^c BirthCertificate^c

IDNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IDNumber`
Description	COSMO note: IDNumber is a subtype of designator. In COSMO it is a number, not a string, though every IDNumber should have a corresponding string which includes some numerals (and possibly other types of characters). `Cyc: A specialization of #$IDString. Each instance of #$IDNumber is a string consisting of only numeric characters and which is used to identify a specific object.`
Super-classes	Number^c Identifier^c
Sub-classes	national identity number^c SocialSecurityNumber^c

Iamb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iamb`
Description	An ''Iamb'' is a ''MetricalFoot'' (a unit of text in a Poem) consisting of two syllables, one light followed by one heavy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iamb' in WordNet: 1. iamb, iambus - (a metrical unit with unstressed-stressed syllables)`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c MetricalFoot^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op value LightlyStressedSyllable^c hasProperPart^op value Syllable^c isaProperPartOf^op value Poem^c hasSecondElement^op value HeavilyStressedSyllable^c

Iambic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iambic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'iambic' in Wordnet: 1. iambic - (of or consisting of iambs; 'iambic pentameter')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Ibis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ibis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ibis' in WordNet: 1. ibis - (wading birds of warm regions having long slender down-curved bills)`
Super-classes	WadingBird^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value CurvedBirdBill^c

Ibuprofen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ibuprofen

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ibuprofen' in WordNet:
          1. ibuprofen, isobutylphenyl propionic acid, Advil, Motrin, Nuprin -
             (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine
             (trade names Advil and Motrin and Nuprin)  used to 
             relieve the pain of arthritis and as an analgesic and antipyretic)

Super-classes NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory^c
Antipyretic^c
Analgesic^c

Ice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ice`
Description	Ice as a substance, the solid form of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice' in WordNet: 1. (31) ice, water ice - (water frozen in the solid state; 'Americans like ice in their drinks')
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cold^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c
Sub-classes	Sleet^c Frost^c Snow^c

IceBucket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceBucket`
Description	A ''Bucket'' designed to hold ''IceCube''s. A ''Bucket'' designed for carrying ''Ice''. Some, but not all, have some degree of insulation to keep the ice from melting too quickly. It is usually, but not necessarily, open-topped. No specific WordNet sense.
Super-classes	Bucket^c ServingVessel^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value IceCube^c

IceCap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceCap`
Description	An ''IceCap'' is a very large ''BodyOfIce'' that is a ''LandTopographicalFeature'' that, unlike a ''Glacier'' does not flow downhill. At the edges there may be ''Glacier''s. `In CYC this is a subtype of ''Glacer'' but it is not clear why. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice cap' in WordNet: 1. icecap, ice cap - (a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak))`
Super-classes	LandTopographicalFeature^c Layer^c BodyOfIce^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c

IceChest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceChest`
Description	An ''Icebox'' shaped like a 'Box'' with a ''ContainerLid'' that may be hinged or may come off completely. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice chest' in WordNet: 1. (1) cooler, ice chest - (a refrigerator for cooling liquids)`
Super-classes	ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c Icebox^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value Refrigerant^c usesSubstance^op value Ice^c hasComponentPart^op value ContainerLid^c

IceCream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceCream`
Description	This is the substance 'ice cream'. `CYC: A specialization of #$DairyProduct and #$DessertFood. Each instance of #$IceCream is some ice cream. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice cream' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ice cream, icecream - (frozen dessert containing cream and sugar and flavoring)`
Super-classes	SolidFood^c DairyProduct^c FrozenDessertFood^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Milk^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Sugar^c
Sub-classes	VanillaIceCream^c

IceCube^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceCube`
Description	A small piece of Ice that is created artificially and used to cool things like food or drink. It is usually not precisely 'Cubic', but only approximately; sometimes they are rounded - change shape restriction???. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ice cube' in WordNet: 1. ice cube - (a small cube of artificial ice; used for cooling drinks)`
Super-classes	CrystallineObject^c HandSizedObject^c SolidObject^c Block^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Snowflake^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ice^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c hasShape^op value Cubic^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Cube^c

IceFloe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceFloe`
Description	An ''IceFloe'' is a flat-topped natural ''IceMass'' that is greater than 20 meters in largest diameter and is floating on some large ''BodyOfWater'' (a ''BodyOfWater-Large''). An ''IceFloe'' typically occurs at 'sea' but a similar ''IceMass'' on a large river may also be called an ''IceFloe''. The river type can be distingished from the 'sea' type by its location, and might be distingished as a subtype, when desired. Wikipedia: An ice floe is a large pack of floating ice often defined as a flat piece at least 20 m across at its widest point, and up to more than 10 km across. Drift ice is a floating field of sea ice composed of several ice floes. They may cause ice jams on freshwater rivers, and in the open ocean may damage the hulls of ships. Some dictionaries: RHW 'a large flat mass of floating ice.' 'a flat expanse of ice smaller than an ice field'. 'a flat free mass of floating sea ice' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice floe' in WordNet: 1. (1) ice floe, floe - (a flat mass of ice (smaller than an ice field) floating at sea)
Super-classes	NaturalObject^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c IceMass^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-topped^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value FloatingOnWater^c hasMinimumLengthInMeters^dp value 20.0^c isLocatedAt^op value BodyOfWater-Large^c hasOrientation^op value Horizontal^c

IceMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceMan`
Description	A ''IceMan'' is a ''DeliveryPerson'' who delivers ''Ice'' (in usually in bocks. to be stored in some refriferated or insulated container).
Super-classes	DeliveryPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DeliveringIce^c

IceMass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceMass`
Description	An ''IceMass'' is a large ''LargeObject'' (bigger tha Person) that consists mostly of ''Ice''. For natural very large ''IceMass'' use subtype ''BodyOfIce''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ice mass' (smaller than a ''BodyOfIce'') in WordNet: 1. ice mass - (a large mass of ice)`
Super-classes	LargeObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ice^c
Sub-classes	BodyOfIce^c Iceberg^c IceFloe^c

IceSculpture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceSculpture`
Description	An ''IceSculpture'' is any ''Sculpture'' made of Ice. In the interior of buildings such figures melt quickly, and are intended as temporary decorations on tables were food is presented for dining, removed when the dining is finished. But in regions during freezing weather, such sculptures may be located outdoors for any decorative purpose.
Super-classes	Sculpture^c CarvedArtwork^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ice^c

IceSkate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceSkate`
Description	The type of ''Skate' used in''IceSkating'', having a boot with smooth thin supporting blades underneath. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice skate' in WordNet: 1. ice skate - (skate consisting of a boot with a steel blade fitted to the sole)`
Super-classes	Skate^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value IceSkating^c

IceSkater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceSkater`
Description	An ''IceSkater'' is the Role of a Person who skates on ice skates, whether temporarily, or as a recreation, or as an expert Athlete. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice skater' in WordNet: 1. ice-skater - (someone who engages in ice skating)`
Super-classes	Skater^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value IceSkating^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value IceSkating^c

IceSkating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceSkating`
Description	''IceSkating'' is a ''Skating'' in which a Person glides over a sheet of Ice on ''IceSkate''s. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ice skate' in WordNet: 1. ice skate - (move along on ice skates)`
Super-classes	Skating^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value IceSkate^c

IceWagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IceWagon`
Description	A ''Wagon'' designed for or used for carrying ''Ice''. This is an older term, rarely encountered by late twentieth century, and used mostly to refer to horse-drawn wagons. Here for interpretation of historical documents or children's stories. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice wagon' in Wordnet: 1. ice wagon, ice-wagon - ((formerly) a horse-drawn wagon that delivered ice door to door)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Wagon^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCarry^op value Ice^c

Iceberg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iceberg`
Description	The stuff that floats in the ocean near the polar ice caps. The water in icebergs in liquid form would have a slightly different salinity than #$Sea water. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'iceberg' in WordNet: 1. iceberg, berg - (a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier)`
Super-classes	LargeObject^c OceanIce^c IceMass^c
Restrictions	isFloatingOn^op value Sea^c

Icebox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Icebox`
Description	SUMO: The intersection of Containers and ElectricDevices in which the temperature is reduced from that of the outside air by a Cooling process. NOTE: this is the only sense of 'ice box' in Wordnet. This includes the antique type of 'refrigerator' that uses blocks of 'Ice' for cooling. An electrical 'refrigerator appliance is represented by subtype ''Refrigerator''. This is the broad sense including portable ice chests; for the more common indoor electric powered refrigerator use subtype ''Refrigerator'' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'refrigerator' in WordNet: 1. (2) refrigerator, icebox - (white goods in which food can be stored at low temperatures) WN noun 'fridge':
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c RefrigeratedStorageDevice^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Chilling^c performsAction^op value Chilling^c hasDesignFunction^op value Chilling^c
Sub-classes	Refrigerator^c IceChest^c

IcedWithFrosting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IcedWithFrosting`
Description	''IcedWithFrosting'' is the attribute of something edible that has has Frosting applied to its surface in a ''IcingaCake'' Action.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Ichor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ichor

Description

an ethereal fluid taking the place of blood in the veins of the ancient Greek gods.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ichor' in WordNet:
          1. ichor - ((Greek mythology) the rarified fluid 
             said to flow in the veins of the Gods)

Super-classes LiquidSubstance^c
MythicalThing^c

Icicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Icicle`
Description	A long piece of ice hanging from an object. COSMO note: an Icicle in COSMO should be in situ, hanging where it was formed. When fallen, it is just a piece of ice that was an icicle. Also note, that an Icicle must be LongAndThin (length/width > 3), so this is a prototypical Icicle, not one just starting to grow. `Cyc: Unlike e.g. #$SnowFlake or #$SnowMob, some of my instances (espec those which hang from cars) are so disgustingly dirty that they do not deserve to have #$Water-Fresh as their genls. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'icicle' in WordNet: 1. (1) icicle - (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c LongCone^c CrystallineObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ice^c hasAttributeValue^op value HangsFromSomething^c

Icicles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Icicles`
Description	''Icicles'' is a Group of ''Icicle''s hanging from the same supporting Object. Used to refer to the icicles hanging from something, often the eaves of a roof. This is represented here as one Object made up of a Group of ''Icicle''s.
Super-classes	CrystallineObject^c Group^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value HangsFromSomething^c hasComponentElement^op value Icicle^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ice^c

IcingaCake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IcingaCake`
Description	'''IcingaCake''' is an Action in which a person covers all or part of a ''Cake' with ''Frosting''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'frost' in WordNet: 1. frost, ice - (decorate with frosting; 'frost a cake')`
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c CoveringSomething^c Decorating^c
Restrictions	consumesSubstance^op value Frosting^c hadAddedObject^op value Frosting^c hadObjectModified^op some Cake^c

Icon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Icon`
Description	An Icon is an AbstractImage that is an abstracted visual representation of some entity (object or process), usually too small to be a realistic visual image. The icons used in computers to signify some computer entity are one subtype of this class - but recall that this is the abstract icon, not the physical thing glowing on the computer screen. `COSMO note: in SUMO 'Icon' includes photographs, but in COSMO Photograph is a Type of its own, a subtype of PhysicalImage but not a subtype of Icon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'icon' in Wordnet: 1. icon - ((computer science) a graphic symbol (usually a simple picture) that denotes a program or a command or a data file or a concept in a graphical user interface)`
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only IconicImage^c
Sub-classes	Chart^c Map^c

Iconic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iconic

Description

This attribute ''Iconic'' may pertain to ''ReligiousIcon'' or to any kind of ''StillImage''. For the sense that means 'representative of a type of thing' use ''Prototypical''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'iconic' in Wordnet:
           1. iconic - (relating to or having the characteristics on an icon)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IconicImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IconicImage`
Description	A Physical object having some graphical (non-text) content, that represents an Icon, i.e. it is a stylized representation (not a photograph or realistic painting) of some thing, physical object, event, attribute, etc..
Super-classes	StillImage^c
Sub-classes	EmblemObject^c Badge^c

Iconoclasm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iconoclasm`
Description	''Iconoclasm'' is a ''Orientation-Viewpoint'' that inclines a Person toward skepticism of traditionally accepted beliefs or attitudes. Note that this is a form of ''Feeling'',not a ''Belief''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iconoclasm' in WordNet: 1. iconoclasm - (the orientation of an iconoclast)`
Super-classes	Orientation-Viewpoint^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOf^op value Iconoclast^c

Iconoclast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iconoclast`
Description	An ''Iconoclast'' is a strong and habitual ''Skeptic'' toward traditional beliefs. `@ToDo: add 'performs' criticism of traditional beliefs (traditions). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'iconoclast' in WordNet: 2. iconoclast - (someone who attacks cherished ideas or traditional institutions)`
Super-classes	Skeptic^c
Restrictions	isaPersonFeeling^op value Iconoclasm^c

Iconography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iconography`
Description	A Group of images asociated with a Person or Topic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iconography' in WordNet: 1. iconography - (the images and symbolic representations that are traditionally associated with a person or a subject; 'religious iconography'; 'the propagandistic iconography of a despot')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only StillImage^c isaRepresentationOf^op some (Person^c or Topic^c or PersonType^c or TopicType^c)

Icy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Icy

Description

An AttributeValue of a place or PhysicalObject that has a significant amount of ice or is covered in ice. For water-containing objects that are actually fully frozen, and therefore have ice in them, use the subtype 'Frozen'

      For objects that are merely as cold as Ice or somewhat below freezing,
      use ''IcyCold''.  For things that have been frozen, use ''Frozen''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'icy' in WordNet:
        3. (1) icy - (covered with or containing or consisting of ice; 
         'icy northern waters')

Super-classes Cold^c

Icy-unfriendly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Icy-unfriendly

Description

'Icy-unfriendly' is a form of attribute Unfriendly that causes a person to refuse to express a friendly attitude when meeting another person. This is an attribute specifically for behavior during Events when one person meets another.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'icy' in WordNet:
        1. (2) frigid, frosty, frozen, glacial, icy, wintry -
          (devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain;
          'a frigid greeting'; 'got a frosty reception'; 'a frozen look on their faces';
          'a glacial handshake'; 'icy stare'; 'wintry smile')

Super-classes Unfriendly^c

IcyCold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IcyCold`
Description	IcyCold is a QualitativeAttributeValue for ambient air, water, or objects, indicating that the temperature is near or below the freezing temperature of water, 0 deg. C down to -20 deg. C. For much colder temperatures, use 'Cryogenic'. `RHW 'freezing': 1. (of temperatures) approaching, at, or below the freezing point. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'icy' in WordNet: 2. (1) arctic, frigid, gelid, glacial, icy, polar - (extremely cold; 'an arctic climate'; 'a frigid day'; 'gelid waters of the North Atlantic'; 'glacial winds'; 'icy hands'; 'polar weather')`
Super-classes	Cold^c
Sub-classes	Cryogenic^c Frozen^c

Ideal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ideal`
Description	An ''Ideal'' is a ''Notion'' of something that is believed to be the perfect example of it kind. `see, consider, reckon Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ideal' in WordNet: 1. (7) ideal - (the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain)`
Super-classes	Notion^c Proposition^c
Restrictions	isInTheMindOf^op only IntelligentAgent^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value IdealThing^c

IdealThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IdealThing`
Description	An ''IdealThing' is something that is perfect for its kind. `This has a mental representation in an instance of ''Ideal''`
Super-classes	GoodThing^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op value Ideal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Perfect^c
Sub-classes	Utopia^c

Idealism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idealism

Description

''Idealism'' is a ''PersonalPhilosopy'' that allows one's beliefs and feelings and hopes and ideals to influence one's expectations for good outcomes over what would be expected from an objective evaluation. Contrasts with ''Realism''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'idealism' in WordNet:
          2. idealism - (impracticality by virtue of thinking 
             of things in their ideal form rather than as they really are)

Super-classes PersonalPhilosopy^c

Idealist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idealist

Description

A ''Visionary'' is a Person who is attracted to 'vsions' of things that may be possible, thghthey seem impractical to others. The WordNet gloss seems a bit harsh, as some people who have successfully pursued idealistic projects were considered as mere 'visionaries or 'dreamers'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'idealist' in WordNet:
         1. (2) idealist, dreamer - (someone guided more by ideals than
            by practical considerations)

Super-classes Visionary^c

Idealized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idealized

Description

''Idealized'' is an AttributeValue of a some ''MentalImagery'' that a Person has in the mind of some real-world thing, recalled without any of its flaws.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'idealized' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) idealized, idealised - (exalted to an ideal perfection or excellence)

Super-classes Perfect^c
PastParticiple^c

IdealizingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IdealizingSomething

Description

''IdealizingSomething'' is a ''ConsideringToBe'' that attributes 'ideal (''Perfect') attributes (internally/mentally or in communication) to some real-world thing that may not be as flawless as it is depicted in this Action.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'idealize' in Wordnet:
       1. idealize, idealise - (consider or render as ideal;
            'She idealized her husband after his death')

Super-classes ConsideringToBe^c

Ideally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ideally

Description

''Ideally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the hypothesized situation would be ''Perfect'' (ideal).

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'ideally' in WordNet:
           1. (5) ideally - (in an ideal manner; 'ideally, this will remove all problems')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Ideation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ideation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ideation' in WordNet: 1. ideation - (the process of forming and relating ideas)`
Super-classes	ThinkingAboutSomething^c Considering^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Notion^c

Identical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Identical

Description

'Identical' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some Group of individual entities that are referred to by some name or by some definite description; this should be interpreted as meaning that the two individual entities are one and the same individual. The same notion can be represented by linking the two entities by an 'owl:sameAs' relation. For different individuals that have closely similar properties, use 'Same'.

  This notion can also be expressed with the relation 'isIdenticalTo'.

  'never made the same mistake twice' would be represented as 'Same' because the
    mistakes are (or would be) different Events ' this means 'the same
    type of mistake'..

  This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of
  'identical' and sense 1 of 'same' in WordNet:
  WN adjective 'identical':
    2. (9) identical, selfsame, very - - (being the exact same one; 
        not any other:; 'this is the identical room we stayed in before'; 
        'the themes of his stories are one and the same'; 
        'saw the selfsame quotation in two newspapers'; 'on this very spot';
        'the very thing he said yesterday'; 'the very man I want to see')
  WN adjective 'same':
    1. (157) same - - (same in identity; 'the same man I saw yesterday';
        'never wore the same dress twice'; 'this road is the same one we were
        on yesterday'; 'on the same side of the street)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Identifiable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Identifiable

Description

''Identifiable'' has a broad meaning. Something may be 'identified' in any of multiple ways. This type covers all manners of identifying.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'identifiable' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) identifiable - (capable of being identified)

Super-classes Flexible^c

Identification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Identification`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'identification' in WordNet: 3. (3) identification - (evidence of identity; something that identifies a person or thing)`
Super-classes	Evidence^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Identifying^c
Sub-classes	PositiveIdentification^c

IdentificationMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IdentificationMark`
Description	A 'Mark' is any visible ''Mark'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mark' in WordNet: 2. (4) marker, marking, mark - (a distinguishing symbol; 'the owner's mark was on all the sheep')`
Super-classes	Mark^c
Restrictions	isSatisfactoryForPurpose^op value Identification^c identifies^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c)

Identified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Identified

Description

       NOTE: the sense of 'recognized' the adjective formed as the past participle of
      'recognize')  that has this meaning is not
          represented in WN.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'identified' in WordNet:
          1. (1) identified - (having the identity known or established;
            'the identified bodies were released for burial')

Super-classes Detected^c

Identifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Identifier`
Description	An Identifier is a specialization of Designator in that it refers to a particular individual entity. This contrasts with the more general Designators, which can refer to classes of entities, such as the Designator 'cat', referring to a species of animal. Identifiers do not have to be unique; for example, many human names are used as identifiers for more than one person. But when the Identifier is created (and as a SymbolicObject, it must be created with a purpose by some intelligent agent), it is intended to refer to an individual entity. A complication exists in that the may be many different linguistic variants of a particular Designator or Identifier. Names may be pronounced in various ways by different people, or transliterated into different alphabets. Thus the designator itself may have an abstract representation as any of various other SymbolicObjects, such as text strings in different languages. We use the convention that the designator itself is fixed as the SymbolicObject created by the agent (person) who created it to use it as a label for an entity, and there may be different ways of linguistically expressing that designator. An AbstractString (in any language) used to represent a Designator will be related to that Designator by the hasAbstractRepresentation relation.
Super-classes	Designator^c
Sub-classes	ShipIdentifier^c IDNumber^c UniqueID^c Address^c Name^c organization identification code^c AuthenticationSource^c IdentifierString^c PersonIdentifier^c
In range of	hasGenericName^op

IdentifierString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IdentifierString`
Description	An IdentifierString an AbstractString that was created as an Identifier for some individual Entity. This is a very general concept. Every name-label for every concept in this ontology is an IdentifierString.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c Identifier^c
Sub-classes	UniqueIdentifier16^c NameString^c SocialSecurityNumberString^c AddressString^c
In range of	hasUniqueIdentifierString^op

Identifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Identifying`
Description	The Action in which an agent comes to believe that some individual Object or Event is the same to some previously known individual. For the act of recognizing that something is of a particular type, use 'Classifying'. For the Action in which an agent asserts to someone else that some object is a particular individual, use 'AssertingAnIdentity'. NOTE that this is a ''PurposefuAction'' and therefore is performed for some purpose. So that if a Person 'recgnizes' another incidentally, without intending to search for that Person when looking at the Group, it might seem that this is not purposive - but the looking itself has the purpose of observing, to learn what is there, , and that action makes the more specific ''Identifying'' a ''PurposefuAction'', with an intended result of new information. In this case the ''Identity'' learned is a ''RelationInstance'' between the thing observed and some thing previously observed. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'identify' and sense 4 of recognize in WordNet: 6. (2) identify - (consider to be equal or the same; 'He identified his brother as one of the fugitives') WN verb 'recognize': 4. (11) recognize, recognise - (perceive to be the same)
Super-classes	Recognizing^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op value Identity^c
Sub-classes	Profiling^c

IdentifyingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IdentifyingaPerson`
Description	''IdentifyingaPerson'' is an ''Identifying'' Action in which one Person recognizes another Person that the first Person has previously seen (or has seen some image). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'identify' in WordNet: 1. (33) identify, place - (recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something; 'She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster')`
Super-classes	Recognizing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hadObjectPerceived^op some Person^c

Identity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Identity`
Description	Each instance of Identity asserts that two entities that may have different names are in fact the same individual entity, and can substitute for each other in an Assertion without changing its meaning or truth value. `There is no sense of 'equality' in WordNet corresponding to this concept. This corresponds to sense 4 of 'identity' in WordNet: 4. (2) identity, identicalness, indistinguishability - (exact sameness; 'they shared an identity of interests')`
Super-classes	RelationInstance^c
Restrictions	hasRelation^op value isIdenticalTo^c

Ideogram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ideogram`
Description	An ''Ideogram'' is a ''WritingSymbol'' in a WritingSystem that includes symbols ('characters') that represent ideas, not just sounds, and may include symbols representing sounds as well. These can be as simple as a numeral representing a number, or a Chinese character of many strokes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ideogram' in WordNet: 1. ideogram, ideograph - (a graphic character used in ideography)`
Super-classes	WritingSymbol^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WritingInHieroglyphs^c
Sub-classes	Pictograph^c

Ideographic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ideographic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ideographic' in Wordnet: 1. ideographic - (of or relating to or consisting of ideograms)`
Super-classes	Lexical^c
Sub-classes	Pictographic^c Numerical^c

Ideological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ideological

Description

This is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' that pertains not only to political ideology but to holding strong ideas in general.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ideological' in WordNet:
         1. ideological, ideologic - (concerned with or suggestive of ideas; 
          'an ideological argument'; 'ideological application of a theory';
          'the drama's symbolism was very ideological')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IdeologicalOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IdeologicalOrganization`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Organizations, each of which is guided in its actions primarily by an ideology or cause - i.e., by something other than in its own self-interest or the self-interest of its members. Elements of #$IdeologicalOrganization include organizations which seek to promote some religious or political agenda and organizations which pursue humanitarian ends. `NOTE that this is not a GroupOfPeople, but an Organization. The members of this type of Organization might consitute an 'ActivityTypeFocusGroup', but this relation is not yet formalized (v0.35)`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	ChristianOrganization^c ReligiousOrganization^c

Ideologically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ideologically

Description

''Ideologically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Attribute to assert that the attribute shold be interpreted as pertaining to an ''Ideology''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'ideologically' in Wordnet:
          1. ideologically - (with respect to ideology; 'ideologically, we do not see eye to eye')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Ideology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ideology`
Description	A ''BeliefSystem'' that is the strongest general motivator for person's behaviors, primarily used for ideologies with respect to specific types of action, such as politics, each of which would be a subtype of this. Thus COMO aserts that an ''Ideology'' ''causesOrInduces'' a ''TasteInActions''. `NOTE that a 'pragmatist' would not be one to hold an ''Ideology'', which suggests that the holder has an emotional reluctance to change beliefs even when there are good reasons to do so. Approximately corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'ideology' in WordNet, but WN sense seems to be focused on political or group ideology whereas this is more general. in WordNet: 1. (4) political orientation, ideology, political theory - (an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation)`
Super-classes	BeliefSystem^c
Restrictions	causesOrInduces^op value TasteInActions^c
Sub-classes	PoliticalIdeology^c PoliticalIdeologicalBelief^c Libertarianism^c

IdiomaticExpression^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IdiomaticExpression

Description

A 'Phrase' (Group of Words) whose meaning is not interpretable from the usual literal interpretations of the individual words, and must be understood as a unit.

  Corresponds to sense 3 of noun 'phrase' and sense 4 of 'idiom'  in Wordnet:
    3. (1) idiom, idiomatic expression, phrasal idiom, set phrase, phrase -
       (an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings 
       of the words that make it up)

Super-classes Phrase^c

Idiosyncratic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idiosyncratic

Description

''Idiosyncratic'' is a degree of ''Unorthodox'' that is usually observed only in individuals and may attract another Person's attention.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'idiosyncratic' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) idiosyncratic - (peculiar to the individual; 'we all have our own
         idiosyncratic gestures'; 'Michelangelo's highly idiosyncratic style of painting')

Super-classes Salient^c
Unorthodox^c

Idiot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idiot

Description

An ''Idiot'' is a subtype of ''Imbecile'' whose intelligence is below that of an ''Imbecile''. This term is often used pejoratively, but technically it is merely a characterization of intelligence.

  NOTE that WN does not distinguish between 'moron' 'imbecile' and 'idiot',
    as is done in psychology.  COSMO adopts the technical usage with'imbecile'
    and 'idiot' as progressively less intelligent subtypes of 'moron'.
    So to call someone an 'idiot' would also be calling that person a 'moron' which has 
    the same effect as the WN usage (except that calling one a moron or imbecile would not
    be the same as calling that person an 'idiot' - no great loss).

      Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'idiot' in WordNet:
        1. idiot, imbecile, cretin, moron, changeling, half-wit, retard - 
            (a person of subnormal intelligence)

Super-classes Imbecile^c

Idle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idle`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'idle' in Wordnet: 1. (4) idle - (not in action or at work; 'an idle laborer'; 'idle drifters'; 'the idle rich'; 'an idle mind')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Idler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idler`
Description	An ''Idler'' is a Person who avoids work. For the habitual do-nothing use subtype ''Goof-off''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'idler' in WordNet: 1. idler, loafer, do-nothing, layabout, bum - (person who does no work; "a lazy bum")`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AvoidingWork^c
Sub-classes	Goof-off^c

Idling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idling`
Description	To be ''Idling'' is to be doing nothing much; inactive. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'idle' in WordNet: 1. (1) idle, laze, slug, stagnate - (be idle; exist in a changeless situation; 'The old man sat and stagnated on his porch'; 'He slugged in bed all morning')`
Super-classes	PurposefulInaction^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Idle^c

Idly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idly

Description

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'idly' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) idly, lazily - (in an idle manner; 'this is what
            I always imagined myself doing in the south of France, sitting idly, 
            drinking coffee, watching the people')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Idol^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idol

Description

This ''Idol'' is an Object that is intended to represent a 'god', some sort of supernatural being that is not the one ''God'' considered as the sole true God, the creator of the universe.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'idol' in WordNet:
          1. (2) idol, graven image, god - (a material effigy that is worshipped; 
            'thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image'; 'money was his god')

Super-classes SymbolicObject^c

Idolatry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idolatry`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'idolatry' in WordNet: 2. idolatry, idol worship - (the worship of idols; the worship of images that are not God)`
Super-classes	BehaviorTowardOthers^c Worshipping^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some Idol^c

Idolizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idolizing`
Description	This is not for religious 'worshipping', but is directed toward some ''Person'' liked to a high degree. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'idolize' in WordNet: 1. (1) idolize, idolise, worship, hero-worship, revere - (love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol; 'Many teenagers idolized the Beatles')`
Super-classes	AdoringSomeone^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some LovedOne^c

Idyllic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Idyllic

Description

''Idyllic'' is a subtype of ''Delightful'' for things that are also ''Excellent'' - even better than ''VeryGood'', close to the best posible.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'idyllic' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) idyllic - (excellent and delightful in all respects; 'an idyllic spot for a picnic')

Super-classes Excellent^c
Delightful^c

Igneous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Igneous

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'igneous' in Wordnet:
          1. igneous, pyrogenic, pyrogenous - (produced under conditions 
             involving intense heat; 'igneous rock is rock formed by solidification 
             from a molten state; especially from molten magma'; 
             'igneous fusion is fusion by heat alone'; 'pyrogenic strata')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

IgneousRock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IgneousRock`
Description	The substance produced from molten rock that hardens, as in subterranean magma, or emitted in a volcanic eruption. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'igneous rock' in WordNet: 1. igneous rock - (rock formed by the solidification of molten magma)`
Super-classes	Stone^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Fusing^c
Sub-classes	VolcanicRock^c

Igniter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Igniter`
Description	This sense of ''Igniter'' includes a ''Fuse'' that can cause an ''ExplosiveDevice'' to explode. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'igniter' in WordNet: 2. lighter, light, igniter, ignitor - (a device for lighting or igniting fuel or charges or fires; 'do you have a light?')`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op some IgnitingType^c
Sub-classes	CigaretteLighter^c Fuse^c

IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice`
Description	''IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice'' is a type of ''Ignition'' in which and ''ExplosiveDevice'' is caused to explode. This can be accomplished by a simple ''CordFuse'' or by a ''Detonator''that is ignited electrically or by a ''CordFuse''. `NOTE that the explosive material in a muzzle-loaded rifle or cannon is not an ''ExplosiveDevice'' and does not need a fuse.`
Super-classes	ActivatingaDevice^c Ignition^c
Restrictions	typicallyUsesDevice^op value Fuse^c causes^op value Explosion^c isTheStartingPartOf^op value Explosion^c hadThingAffected^op value ExplosiveDevice^c

IgnitingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IgnitingType`
Description	''GroupThoughtType'' is a metatype whose instances are Classes of Actions in which an agent causes something to catch fire (''"SettingSomethingOnFire'') or causes an Explosive substance or ExplosiveDevice to explode (''IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice'').
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice SettingSomethingOnFire

Ignition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ignition`
Description	''Ignition'' is the first phase of a ''Combustion'' Event, when the transition from not burning to burning takes place. This includes 'ignition' of fires as in''Arson'' as well as 'ignition' in gasoline engines and rockets. This is the intransitive sense. `This may be caused by a ''SettingSomethingOnFire'' action, or it may be the first phase of a ''SpontaneousCombustion''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ignite' in WordNet: 2. (1) erupt, ignite, catch fire, take fire, combust, conflagrate - (start to burn or burst into flames; 'Marsh gases ignited suddenly'; 'The oily rags combusted spontaneously') WN noun 'ignition': 1. ignition - (the process of initiating combustion or catching fire)`
Super-classes	Combustion^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value Combustion^c mayBeCausedBy^op value SettingSomethingOnFire^c
Sub-classes	IgnitingAnExplosiveDevice^c

Ignominious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ignominious

Description

''Ignominious'' is a subattribute of ''Humiliating'' characterizing actions that demonstrate such a lack of character (in whatever way relevant to performing that Action) that causes the actor to feel ''Shamed''.

       In Wordnet 'ignominious' is synonymous with 'shameful' and 'disgraceful'
         but here it applies to actions that are 'humiliating' as well
         as disgraceful.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ignominious' in Wordnet:
           1. black, disgraceful, ignominious, inglorious, opprobrious, shameful -
              ((used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame;
              'Man...has written one of his blackest records as a destroyer
              on the oceanic islands'- Rachel Carson; 'an ignominious retreat';
              'inglorious defeat'; 'an opprobrious monument to human greed'; 
              'a shameful display of cowardice')

Super-classes Shameful^c
Humiliating^c

Ignoramus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ignoramus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ignoramus' in WordNet: 1. (1) ignoramus, know nothing, uneducated person - (an ignorant person)`
Super-classes	UnskilledPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ignorant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uneducated^c

Ignorance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ignorance`
Description	''Ignorance'' is the nominalized form of ''Ignorant'' and also of ''Unknowing'' - lack of knowledge about specific facts or about a broad range of things. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ignorance' in WordNet: 1. (7) ignorance - (the lack of knowledge or education)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Sub-classes	Ignorantness^c

Ignorant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ignorant

Description

'Ignorant'' is the attribute of someone who knows very little about facts and general learning that a typical person in an advanced society would know. The adjective specifying ignorance of specific topics is represented by ''Unknowing''.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ignorant' in Wordnet:
    1. (3) ignorant, nescient, unenlightened, unlearned, unlettered -
      (uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication;
      'an ignorant man'; 'nescient of contemporary literature'; 
      'an unlearned group incapable of understanding complex issues'; 
      'exhibiting contempt for his unlettered companions')

Super-classes PersonTraitValue^c

Ignorantness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ignorantness`
Description	''Ignorantness'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ignorantness' in WordNet: 1. ignorantness, nescience, unknowing, unknowingness - (ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs))
Super-classes	Ignorance^c

Ignored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ignored

Description

This sense of ''Ignored'' is for intentionally not responding to some situation. For unintentionally not responding, use ''Neglected''. NOTE: WN seems to conflate the two.

        Corresponds to part (for *intentionally* ignoring) adjective sense 1 of 'ignored' in Wordnet:
          1. ignored, neglected, unheeded - (disregarded; 'his cries were unheeded';
             'Shaw's neglected one-act comedy, `A Village Wooing''; 'her ignored advice')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Ignoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ignoring`
Description	'Ignoring' is an intentional Action in which an Agent chooses not to pay attention (see 'Perceiving-Voluntary'). This type includes both long-term ignoring something, to the point of forgetting about it, or a mere temporary ignoring of something within eyesight or hearing. `This includes senses 2 and 4 of verb 'ignore' in WordNet - Sense 3 is unintentional, and needs to be represented elsewhere. Sense 2 is the subtype 'Dismissing' in WordNet: 2. (14) dismiss, disregard, brush aside, brush off, discount, push aside, ignore - (bar from attention or consideration; 'She dismissed his advances') 3. (7) ignore - (fail to notice) 4. (3) neglect, ignore, disregard - (give little or no attention to; 'Disregard the errors')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Refraining^c
Sub-classes	Dismissing^c

Iguana^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iguana

Description

A group of lizard species, typified by the Green Tree Iguana, the species most commonly kept as a pet. Most species are tropical.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iguana' in WordNet:
          1. common iguana, iguana, Iguana iguana - 
             (large herbivorous tropical American arboreal lizards 
             with a spiny crest along the back; used as human food 
             in Central America and South America)

Super-classes Lizard^c

Ileum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ileum

Description

CYC: The collection of all ilea. Each instance of this collection is the distal section of a #$SmallIntestine.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ileum' in WordNet:
          1. (1) ileum - (the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum)

Super-classes AnatomicalVessel^c
Intestine^c

Ilium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ilium`
Description	The #$Ilium is the part of the of the #$PelvicBone underlying the #$Hip. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ilium' in WordNet: 2. ilium - (the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Hip^c

Ill-defined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ill-defined`
Description	''Ill-defined'' characterizes `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ill-defined' in Wordnet: 1. ill-defined, unclear - (poorly stated or described; 'he confuses the reader with ill-defined terms and concepts')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Amorphous^c

IllBeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IllBeing`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ill-being' in WordNet: 1. ill-being - (lack of prosperity or happiness or health)`
Super-classes	Hardship^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Wellbeing^c
Sub-classes	Miserableness^c

IllNature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IllNature`
Description	A Person with an 'IllNature' is prone to easily become irritated or angry.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ill nature' in WordNet: 1. ill nature - (a disagreeable, irritable, or malevolent disposition)`
Super-classes	Temperament^c
Sub-classes	Disagreeableness^c

Illegal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Illegal`
Description	'Illegal' is an attribute of an Action that is prohibited by some law of a government. This includes the sense of 'illegal drugs', though in that sense what is illegal is the creation, possession, or use of the drugs, not the substances themselves. The 'violatesRule' relation does not require specifying the 'Law' that the Action would violate,but if it is known it should be specified using this relation. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'illegal' and senses 2 and 5 of 'unlawful' in WordNet; this COSMO element represents only the sense meaning 'contrary to law'. The sense of 'illegal' in games is a different sense: in WordNet: 1. (3) illegal - (prohibited by law or by official or accepted rules; 'an illegal chess move') WN adj 'unlawful': 2. unlawful - (contrary to or prohibited by or defiant of law; 'unlawful measures'; 'unlawful money'; 'unlawful hunters') 5. illegitimate, illicit, outlaw, outlawed, unlawful - (contrary to or forbidden by law; 'an illegitimate seizure of power'; 'illicit trade'; 'an outlaw strike'; 'unlawful measures')
Super-classes	Unethical^c AgainstSomeRule^c
Sub-classes	Unconstitutional^c

IllegalAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IllegalAction`
Description	CYC: The collection of actions that are illegal. Since different things are legal/illegal in different areas this collection should only be used in a microtheory that specifies the area where the instances of this collection are illegal. The restriction requires that the Law that is violated must be specified. This includes civil and criminal illegal actions; for the criminal actions, use the subtype 'Crime'. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wrongdoing' : in WordNet: 2. wrongdoing, wrongful conduct, misconduct, actus reus - (activity that transgresses moral or civil law; 'he denied any wrongdoing')`
Super-classes	ViolatingAnObligation^c UnethicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Illegal^c violatesRule^op some Law^c
Sub-classes	Crime^c Rioting^c

IllegalDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IllegalDrug`
Description	Drugs whose ingestion, use, sale, or manufacture is prohibited by law. This is close to the maximum level of 'controlled' for ''ControlledSubstance''s.
Super-classes	ControlledSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Banned^c
Sub-classes	Heroin^c Hashish^c Cocaine^c Marijuana^c Morphine^c

Illegally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Illegally`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'illegally' in Wordnet: 1. illegally, illicitly, lawlessly - (in an illegal manner; 'they dumped the waste illegally')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

IllegitimateChild^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IllegitimateChild

Description

An

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illegitimate child' in WordNet:
     1. bastard, by-blow, love child, illegitimate child, illegitimate, whoreson - 
       (the illegitimate offspring of unmarried parents)

Super-classes BiologicalChild^c
Daughter^c

Illiterate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Illiterate

Description

''Illiterate'' is the attribute of a Person who cannot read or write.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'illiterate' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) illiterate - (not able to read or write)

Super-classes Uneducated^c

IllnessType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IllnessType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Illness as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalConditionType^c

Illuminated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Illuminated`
Description	A property of areas,that have been illuminated to some perceptible degree by artificial or natural means (e.g. sunlight) - sufficient to discern some features by observing with the eyes. This means more intensely lighted than ''Light-NotDark''; a higher degree of illumination is ''WellLighted''. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'illuminated' (the levels lower than ''WellLighted'', and not necessarily artificial light) in WordNet: 2. (6) illuminated, lighted, lit, well-lighted - (provided with artificial light; 'illuminated advertising'; looked up at the lighted windows'; 'a brightly lit room'; 'a well-lighted stairwell')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Light-NotDark^c
Sub-classes	WellLighted^c

IlluminatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IlluminatingSomething`
Description	''IlluminatingSomething'' is an ''Action'' performed by some light-emitting 'agent' (which could be inanimate, such as the sun or a LightingDevice). This requires emission of ''VisibleLight'' at sufficient intensity to allow people to see something - though the light does not have to be intense, a penlight allowing reading small sections of print would qualify. This is a subtype of ''EmittingLight'' that includes the additional subevents of NOTE* If this event is caused by an ''IntelligentAgent'' intentionally lighting up an object,the causative Action is an instance of ''"IlluminatingSomethingAction"'', and this ''Action'' is causedBy that purposeful action The light-emitting thing may be directed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' for some purpose (usually ''Seeing'' the object) ''IlluminatingSomething'' is an ''Action'' performed by some light-emitting 'agent' (which could be inanimate, such as the sun or a LightingDevice). This requires emission of ''VisibleLight'' at sufficient intensity to allow people to see something - though the light does not have to be intense, a penlight allowing reading small sections of print would qualify. The light-emitting thing may be directed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' for some purpose (usually ''Seeing'' the object) Light and Illumination in COSMO: ''IlluminatingSomething'' is the act of making an object visible by causing light to impinge on the Object. This may be dome by an inanimate light source such as the sun or moon. If this is accomplished by the intentional ''PurposefulAction'' of an ''IntelligentAgent'' then that Action is an instance of ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''. This action (whether or not caused by an IlluminatingSomethingAction) has three distinguishable subevents: (1) an emitter emitting light of sufficient intensity; This may be directed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' but that agent is not part of this type (to represent that use ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''). (2) the propagation of the light in the direction of the object to be illumated; (3) impinging of the light on the object (a ''ShiningOnAnObject'' Event) ,which makes the object ''Visible'' (the Object performs a ''BeingVisible'' state). NOTE:WN does not distinguish between illuination by the lighting source and intentionally causing illumination by a Person (an ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''). This WN sense is used in both types in COSMO but only part is applicable here. Corresponds approximately to part of verb sense 1 of 'illuminate' in Wordnet: 1. (9) light, illume, illumine, light up, illuminate - (make lighter or brighter; 'This lamp lightens the room a bit')
Super-classes	Action^c EmittingLight^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value LightPropagationEvent^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Visible^c causes^op value BeingVisible^c hasSubEvent^op value ShiningOnAnObject^c
Sub-classes	LightingUpaRoom^c

IlluminatingSomethingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IlluminatingSomethingAction`
Description	''IlluminatingSomethingAction'' is a ''PurposefulAction'' performed by an 'IntelligentAgent'' that uses a ''LightingDevice'' to be able to see things. This causes an ''IlluminatingSomething'' Event in which the ''LightingDevice'' radiates visible light followed by the light propagating and then by the 'Something' being made ''Visible'' by the impinging light. This is the Action that occurs when a Person turns on room lights or flood lights, or directs a flashligh or spotlight on a particular Object or in a particular direction - or lights candles in a dark room. Light and Illumination in COSMO: ''IlluminatingSomething'' is the act of making an object visible by causing light to impinge on the Object. This may be dome by an inanimate light source such as the sun or moon. If this is accomplished by the intentional ''PurposefulAction'' of an ''IntelligentAgent'' then that Action is an instance of ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''. This action (whether or not caused by an IlluminatingSomethingAction) has three distinguishable subevents: (1) an emitter emitting light of sufficient intensity; This may be directed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' but that agent is not part of this type (to represent that use ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''). (2) the propagation of the light in the direction of the object to be illumated; (3) impinging of the light on the object (a ''ShiningOnAnObject'' Event) ,which makes the object ''Visible'' (the Object performs a ''BeingVisible'' state). NOTE:WN does not distinguish between illuination by the lighting source and intentionally causing illumination by a Person (an ''IlluminatingSomething''). This WN sense is used in both types in COSMO but only part is applicable here. Corresponds approximately to part of verb sense 1 of 'illuminate' in Wordnet: 1. (9) light, illume, illumine, light up, illuminate - (make lighter or brighter; 'This lamp lightens the room a bit')
Super-classes	Action^c LightPropagationEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Illuminated^c uses^op value LightingArrangement^c causes^op value IlluminatingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Backlighting^c Spotlighting^c

IlluminatingTheMoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IlluminatingTheMoon`
Description	''IlluminatingTheMoon'' is the ''Action'' performed by earths sun ''Sol'' in shining on the ''Earth'sMoon''. This includes shining on the whole moon or shining on part of the Moon. This action can be blocked by a ''LunarEclipse''
Super-classes	Action^c EmittingLight^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon^c produces^op value MoonLight^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c

Illusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Illusion`
Description	An ''Illusion'' is an 'ErroneousBelief' that is pleasing to some Person to hold,, and which, if removed by some event(such as being told) causes ''Disenchantment''. `NOTE: WN gloss uses this for a widespread illusion, but this type can be used to rerpresent an individual's illusion. The parent type ''ErroneousBelief'' can be used for beliefs not so strongly held and valued by the believer. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'illusion' in WordNet: 2. (6) illusion, fantasy, phantasy, fancy - (something many people believe that is false; 'they have the illusion that I am very wealthy')`
Super-classes	ErroneousBelief^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Pleasant^c

Illustrating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Illustrating`
Description	''Illustrating'' is a generic term for adding ''AdditionalInformation'' that provides more detail about something being discussed - either exaples of ideas or images (still or video) that depict the thing(s) being discussed. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'illustrate' in WordNet: 1. (34) exemplify, illustrate, instance - (clarify by giving an example of) 2. (6) illustrate - (depict with an illustration)`
Super-classes	Clarifying^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some AbstractDocument^c produced^op some AdditionalInformation^c hadAddedObject^op some Illustration^c

Illustration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Illustration`
Description	An 'Illustration' is any AbstractImage used in some context where it helps to describe or explain something. The physical image would be a representation. This is a subtype of ''AdditionalInformation'' becase it is always addedto some other ''InformationObject'' to provide ''Clarifying'' detail. `Examples would be graphs or diagrams in texts intended to explain things or report data. (e.g. ''GraphicalIllustration'') This corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'illustration' in WordNet: 1. (4) illustration - (artwork that helps make something clear or attractive)`
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c AdditionalInformation^c
Sub-classes	Figure^c GraphicalIllustration^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MadonnaAndChildVol7

Illustrator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Illustrator`
Description	An ''Illustrator'' is a ''GraphicArtist'' who creates two-dimensional images (''PhysicalImage''s) that are intended for inclusion in a Text or advertisement. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illustrator' in WordNet: 1. (2) illustrator - (an artist who makes illustrations (for books or magazines or advertisements etc.))`
Super-classes	GraphicArtist^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Illustration^c

ImageCaptureEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImageCaptureEvent`
Description	An ImageCaptureEvent.is an InformationTransferEvent in which shape information about some physical object(s) is transferred from the object(s) to a recording medium, under the control of a 'IntentionalAgent'. The result of an ImageCaptureEvent is to create both a CapturedImage (an abstract image) and also its physical representation. Although the abstract CapturedImage may be the created object of greatest interest (reproduced many times), its representation must exist on some physical recording medium.
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c InformationTransferEvent^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some PhysicalImage^c produces^op only AbstractView^c causedCreationOf^op some CapturedImage^c

ImageCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImageCopy`
Description	A ''ImageCopy'' is a PhysicalObject that is a StillImage and is created by a process of ''IBTcopying''. NOTE that a ''ProjectedImage'' is not a ''PhysicalObject'' (it is the light waves reflected from some surface), so is not a subtype of this type. If made by an 'IBTCopying' process, it will be an 'InformationBearingThing' Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'copy' and sense 3 of 'reproduction' and sense 2 of 'transcript' and sense 1 of 'replica in WordNet: 1. (7) transcript, copy - (a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)) 2. (6) copy - (a secondary representation of an original; 'she made a copy of the designer dress') WN 'reproduction': 3. replica, replication, reproduction - (copy that is not the original; something that has been copied)
Super-classes	StillImage^c PhysicalImage^c Duplicate^c Copy^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value IBTCopying^c
Sub-classes	XeroxCopy^c DocumentCopy^c

ImageFocus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImageFocus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'focus' in WordNet: 2. (3) focus - (maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system; 'in focus'; 'out of focus')`
Super-classes	Distinctness^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Perceiving^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Focused^c

ImageScanner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImageScanner`
Description	An ''ImageScanner'' is a Device that can use light to read an image on a flat surface (such as a piece of paper) and convert it into a computer image file and transmit it for storage into a computer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'image scanner' in WordNet: 1. scanner, digital scanner, image scanner - (an electronic device that generates a digital representation of an image for data input to a computer)`
Super-classes	Scanner^c ComputerInputDevice^c SensorDevice^c ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value ComputerImageFile^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ImageCaptureEvent^c

Imaginary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imaginary`
Description	'Imaginary' is the AttributeValue of anything ( Object, Event, or other) that does not exist in the real world (is not 'real'), but only in the imagination of some person who believes in it. Imaginary things may or may not violate the known laws of Physica. A Hallucination is imaginary, as are fairies. However, plans, theories, and hypothetical things that are known not to exist by the person who creates them are not 'imaginary' in this sense - to be imaginary it must be believed by someone, not intentionally created as fiction or hypothesis or speculation.. There is a fuzzy borderline between Imaginary' and 'Fictional'. Things known to be Fictional are not imaginary, but if they come to be believed by someone, they can be described as Imaginary, at least with respect to that person's beliefs. 'Mythical' is a subtype of 'Imaginary'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imaginary' in WordNet: 1. (8) fanciful, imaginary, imagined, notional - (not based on fact; dubious; 'the falsehood about some fanciful secret treaties'- F.D.Roosevelt; 'a small child's imaginary friends'; 'her imagined fame'; 'to create a notional world for oneself')`
Super-classes	NonReal-World^c
Sub-classes	Fictional^c Mythical^c Chimerical^c

Imagination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imagination`
Description	''Imagination'' is the ability to perform ''Imagining''. This is an ''AgentCapability'' that is possessed by nost humans. For a higher level of imagining ability, use ''Creativity''. `In the phrase 'see it in your imagination', this is the sense of 'imagination' that should be referenced, the ability to imagine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imagination' in Wordnet: 2. (9) imagination, imaging, imagery, mental imagery - (the ability to form mental images of things or events; 'he could still hear her in his imagination')`
Super-classes	Creativity^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Imagining^c

Imaginative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imaginative

Description

'Imaginative' is a subtype of the attribute 'Clever' that selects the aspect of intelligence that manifests itself in originality - finding solutions that even other Clever people wouldn't find.

  This corresponds partly to sense 1 of 'ingenious' in Wordnet,
  and to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'imaginative' **but**
  in COSMO this applies only to people: for the sense
  applied to artifacts, use 'ingenious'

  See also 'Apt' - a related term - and (for the results of 
     intelligent action) 'Ingenious'.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imaginative' in Wordnet:
      1. (3) imaginative, ingenious, inventive -
      ((used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity 
      in thought or action; 'an imaginative use of material';
      'the invention of the knitting frame by another ingenious English clergyman'-
      Lewis Mumford; 'an ingenious device'; 'had an inventive turn of mind'; 'inventive ceramics')

Super-classes Clever^c

Imaging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imaging`
Description	''Imaging'' is the Action of creating images (still or moving) of the internalparts of some object by any means. Tomography is a type of imaging. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'imaging' (this includes any form of 'imaging' of internal parts, not only of bodies) in WordNet: 2. imaging, tomography - ((medicine) obtaining pictures of the interior of the body)`
Super-classes	RepresentingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op some GenericImage^c
Sub-classes	VisualImageRecording^c Sonography^c

Imagining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imagining`
Description	SUMO: Forming a mental picture (not necessarily visual - for that use subtype ''Envisioning'') of something which is not present. A person able to do doing this (most people) has the capability type ''Imagination''. In COSMO this is considered as a strictly human ability; although some animals have demonstrated problem-solving suggesting some ability to imagine situations not present, that level is not considered as an instance of this type. the term 'imagination' in the senses 1 meaning of WordNet is considered a synonym of this concept. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'imagine' and noun sense 1 of 'imagination' in WordNet: 1. (66) imagine, conceive of, ideate, envisage - (form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case; Can you conceive of him as the president?) WN noun 'imagination': 1. (16) imagination, imaginativeness, vision - (the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses; 'popular imagination created a world of demons'; 'imagination reveals what the world could be')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Creation^c StrictlyMentalEvent^c
Sub-classes	DayDreaming^c CreativeImagining^c Dreaming^c Envisioning^c

Imago^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imago

Description

CYC: A collection of stages in the lives of individual organisms; a subset of #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment. Each element of #$Imago is a metamorphic insect during its adult stage.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imago' in WordNet:
          2. imago - (an adult insect produced after metamorphosis)

Super-classes Insect^c
AdultAnimal^c

Imam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imam`
Description	Any Person who is a leader for a Mosque or for some group of Mislims who and is called an 'imam' by some group of Muslim believers. There are at least two differentiable subtypes, ''Imam-Shiite''and ''Imam-Sunni''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imam' in WordNet: 1. imam, imaum - ((Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque; for Shiites an imam is a recognized authority on Islamic theology and law and a spiritual guide)`
Super-classes	Leader^c MuslimPerson^c Cleric^c
Sub-classes	Imam-Sunni^c Imam-Shiite^c

Imam-Shiite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imam-Shiite`
Description	In #$ShiiteIslam, '#$Imam-Shiite' is meant to denote #$MuhammadTheProphet's descendents, whom they believe to be the true rulers of #$Islam. The #$Imam-Shiite is supposed to provide guidance to the human race in both religious and secular issues. There can only be one #$Imam-Shiite at a time, but #$ShiiteIslam has not had an #$Imam-Shiite since around 941AD. The last #$Imam-Shiite, Muhammad al Mahdi, has taken on a messianic role in #$ShiiteIslam.
Super-classes	Imam^c ShiitePerson^c

Imam-Sunni^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imam-Sunni`
Description	The congregational prayer performed in the #$Mosque is supposed to have a leader, and this person is called '#$Imam-Sunni'. In the standard #$SunniIslam interpretation, #$Imam-Sunni is neither a profession, nor a qualification: the #$Imam-Sunni is not ordained in the manner of Christian priests. Any respected Muslim who is normally well-trained in the prayer can be an #$Imam-Sunni. In general, it is the most learned and most respected person in the assembly who is offered the honour of being #$Imam-Sunni. Customarily, a #$MosqueCongregation will have one person who regularly serves as #$Imam-Sunni and the position often confers a great deal of informal authority.
Super-classes	Imam^c

Imbecile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imbecile`
Description	An ''Imbecile'' is a ''Moron'' whose intelligence is below hat of a ''Moron''. This term is often used pejoratively, but technically it is merely a characterization of intelligence. NOTE that WN does not distinguish between 'moron' 'imbecile' and 'idiot', as is done in psychology. COSMO adopts the technical usage with'imbecile' and 'idiot' as progressively less intelligent subtypes of 'moron'. So to call someone an 'idiot' would also be calling that person a 'moron' which has the same effect as the WN usage (except that calling one a moron or imbecile would not be the same as calling that person an 'idiot' - no great loss). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'imbecile' in WordNet: 1. idiot, imbecile, cretin, moron, changeling, half-wit, retard - (a person of subnormal intelligence)
Super-classes	Moron^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Imbecilic^c
Sub-classes	Idiot^c

Imbecilic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imbecilic

Description

''Imbecilic'' is a more intensive level of ''Moronic'' characterizing someone whose intelligence lower ''Moronic'' and much lower than the average. Technically an 'idiot' has lower intelligence than an'imbecile' but the WN gloss suggests that common usage conflates these two.

  NOTE RHW technical note at ''Imbecile'':
    Psychol. a person of the second order in a former classification of 
      mental retardation, above the level of idiocy, having a mental age 
      of seven or eight years and an intelligence quotient of 25 to 50.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imbecilic' in WordNet:
          1. imbecile, imbecilic, idiotic - (having a mental age of three to seven years)

Super-classes Moronic^c

ImipenemCilastatinSodium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImipenemCilastatinSodium`
Description	A chemical compound which is used in injectable antibiotic products.
Super-classes	Antibiotic^c

Imitating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imitating`
Description	''Imitating'' is a 'Repeating' of some agent's words or actions (a form of ''Acting'') by a different agent, orally or by gesture. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'imitate' in WordNet: 1. (4) imitate, copy, simulate - (reproduce someone's behavior or looks; 'The mime imitated the passers-by'; 'Children often copy their parents or older siblings')`
Super-classes	Repeating^c Acting^c Simulating^c
Sub-classes	Mockery^c TakingAfterSomeone^c Spoofing^c Mimicry^c

Imitator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imitator`
Description	A Person who is performs ''TakingAfterSomeone'', imitating some aspect of another's behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imitator' and part of non sense 1 of 'follower' (accepting another's behavior as a good thing) in WordNet: 1. (7) follower - (a person who accepts the leadership of another) WN noun 'imitator': 2. copycat, imitator, emulator, ape, aper - (someone who copies the words or behavior of another)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value TakingAfterSomeone^c

Immaculate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immaculate

Description

Perfectly clean, free of stain.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'immaculate' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) immaculate, speckless, spick-and-span, spic-and-span, spic, spick, spotless -
              (completely neat and clean; 'the apartment was immaculate'; 
              'in her immaculate white uniform'; 'a spick-and-span kitchen'; 
              'their spic red-visored caps')

Super-classes Clean^c

Immature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immature`
Description	'Immature' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of things (usually organisms) that have not yet developed to a point where they are ready for some purpose - in the case of organisms, the purpose is reproduction. For humans, there is also a sense of emotional immaturity that may persist after sexual maturity. So 'Immature' may be interpreted relative to some purpose or context. This is the most general sense of 'immature', and includes wines that have not aged sufficiently, plans that are not fully developed by individuals or groups, as well as for organisms or (as with fruit) parts of organisms. Includes adjective senses 2,3, 4, 5, and 5 of 'immature' in WordNet: 2. (1) immature, unformed - - (lacking in development; 'immature plans'; 'an unformed character') 3. young, immature - - ((used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth; 'young people') 4. green, unripe, unripened, immature - - (not fully developed or mature; not ripe; 'unripe fruit'; 'fried green tomatoes'; 'green wood') 5. immature - - (not yet mature) 6. unfledged, immature - - ((of birds) not yet having developed feathers; 'a small unfledged sparrow on the window sill')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Babyish^c Unripe^c Childish^c

ImmatureOrganism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmatureOrganism

Description

An ImmatureOrganism is an Organism in which some typical feature of the adult form is not yet fully developed.

  NOTE carefully that in COSMO the category 'Organism' is intended to 
  represent typical adults forms of an organism. Therefore we can make certain
  necessary assertions about an 'Organism' without being concerned about exceptions.
  When exceptional circumstances are encountered, one should use the
  category 'ImmatureOrganism' or 'AbnormalOrganism'.  Rather than
  reify such categories for each organism type, they can be generated
  by use of functions on the typical organism Type.  If functions are
  not available in some implementation, reification may be necessary.

Super-classes Organism^c

Immaturity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immaturity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immaturity' in WordNet: 1. immaturity, immatureness - (not having reached maturity)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value Lifetime^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Immature^c contrastsWith^op value Maturity^c
Sub-classes	Babyhood^c

Immediacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immediacy`
Description	"Immediacy'' is the Quality of an InformationTransferEvent that proceeds from the sender to the recipient quicky and without intermediaries that cause delay. This does not preclude some intermediaries, as with internet information transfer, but any intermediary agent would need to be very rapid. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immediacy' in WordNet: 1. (6) immediacy, immediateness - (lack of an intervening or mediating agency; 'the immediacy of television coverage')`
Super-classes	Directness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Immediate^c

Immediate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immediate

Description

''Immediate'' is an AttributeValue of Events that do not proceed through intermediate stages.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'immediate' in Wordnet:
         2. (3) immediate - (having no intervening medium; 'an immediate influence')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ImmediateWeatherProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmediateWeatherProcess`
Description	COSMO note: from Cyc, an Event, not a FunctionalProcess. `Cyc: A specialization of #$WeatherEvent. Each instance of #$WeatherEvent is a meteorological event of a duration shorter than a seasonal process. A particular hurricane event, for example, might be characteristic of a seasonal process for a region; but the hurricane event itself is an instance of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess. Another example of an instance of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess is a single #$LightningEvent. (Cf. #$AnnualClimateCycle.)`
Super-classes	WeatherEvent^c
Sub-classes	TemperatureSituation^c CloudlessSky^c AirPollution^c Wind^c Windiness^c TornadoAsEvent^c Cloudiness^c Thunder^c PrecipitationProcess^c LightningEvent^c Pollution^c StormAsEvent^c

Immediately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immediately`
Description	'Immediately' is the type that refers to the short time intervals that are in very near ('immediate') future - 'near' being vague, but in esence this means 'as soon as possible' and 'before you do anthing else', which should be less than 1 day from the assertion containing ''Immediately'' Grammatically 'Immediately' is an adverb, but it actually specifies a time interval, so is represented as a type in COSMO. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'immediately' in WordNet: 1. (46) immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, now, right away, at once, forthwith, in real time, like a shot - (without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening; 'he answered immediately'; 'found an answer straightaway'; 'an official accused of dishonesty should be suspended forthwith'; 'Come here now!')
Super-classes	Soon^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalLocation^op some FutureTimeInterval^c

ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid`
Description	To intentionally immerse an object liquid, whether or not it is subsequently withdrawn. This must occur in a gravitational field, therefore an 'immersion' is necessarily a 'Lowering'. However not every 'Lowering' is caused by an IntentionalAgent, therefore this is also a subtype of 'DirectedTranslation'. Includes CYC 'Dipping': Dipping something solid into a liquid. The restriction requires specifying some Liquid type of LiquidObject when referring to an instance of 'immersing'. See subtype ''SubmergingInWater''. The WN gloss does not seem to include a controlled immersion, but 'dip' (see 'DippingSomething' ) is a subtype in WN, so this must include the intended sense. The closest WN sense of 'immerse' is sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (3) immerse, plunge - (thrust or throw into; 'Immerse yourself in hot water')
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c Drenching^c Lowering^c DirectedTranslation^c PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c
Restrictions	isIntoInteriorOf^op some (LiquidObject^c or LiquidObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	SubmergingInWater^c DippingSomething^c AnimalBathing^c Steeping^c

Immigrant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immigrant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immigant' in WordNet: 1. (5) immigrant - (a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there)`
Super-classes	Migrant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some Immigrating^c

Immigrating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immigrating`
Description	This sense of'immigrating' is for migration into a country that is not one's native land. `Includes verb sense 3 of 'immigrate' and noun sense 1 of 'immigration' in WordNet: 3. immigrate - (come into a new country and change residency; 'Many people immigrated at the beginning of the 20th century') WN noun 'immigration': 1. (1) immigration, in-migration - (migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there))`
Super-classes	Migrating^c EnteringaCountry^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Immigrant^c

Imminent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imminent

Description

''Imminent'' is the attribute of Events that will or are likely to occur in the very near future.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imminent' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) at hand, close at hand, imminent, impendent, impending -
      (close in time; about to occur; 'retribution is at hand';
      'some people believe the day of judgment is close at hand'; 
      'in imminent danger'; 'his impending retirement')

Super-classes CloseInTime^c

ImminentPossibleFutureSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImminentPossibleFutureSituation`
Description	An ''ImminentPossibleFutureSituation'' is a ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that is likely to happen in the near future.
Super-classes	PossibleFutureSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Imminent^c

Immiscible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immiscible`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'immiscible' in Wordnet: 1. immiscible, non-miscible, unmixable - ((chemistry, physics) incapable of mixing)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Immobile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immobile

Description

'Immobile' is the attribute of objects and locations that typically do not move relative to the Earth's surface (for artifacts like buildings), but could be the surface of another planet, or relative to some astronomical object's center.

       For lack of motion relative to other objects, or for temporary standing still things,
          use 'Stationary'.

       This must be interpreted as a default attribute, since things that are
          typically stationary, such as buildings, may on occasion be
          moved.
       For vehicles that are not moving in their medium (road, water, air) at some particular
       time, use 'StandingStill'.

        Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'immobile and
           sense 2 of 'stationary' in WordNet:
          2. stationary - (not capable of being moved; 'stationary machinery')
        WN adj 'immobile':
         1. immobile - (not capable of movement or of being moved)

Super-classes Immovable^c

Immobilizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immobilizing`
Description	''Immobilizing'' applies to ''Organism''s that can move, causing a state in which they cannot move. `NOTE: The WN gloss includes traffic', but this type is narrower, for moving Organisms. Corresponds to part (for Organisms) of verb sense 6 of 'immobilize' in WordNet: 6. immobilize, immobilise - (cause to be unable to move; 'The sudden storm immobilized the traffic')`
Super-classes	WorseningEvent^c Modification^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Organism^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Immobile^c
Sub-classes	Paralyzing^c

Immoderateness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immoderateness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immoderateness' in WordNet: 1. immoderation, immoderateness - (the quality of being excessive and lacking in moderation)`
Super-classes	DegreeOfIntensity^c
Sub-classes	Excessiveness^c

Immolating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immolating

Description

''Immolating'' is a form of ''SacrificingToaDeity'' is a ''LosingSomething'' as an act of Wordship, often involving destroying by fire.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'immolate' in WordNet:
          1. immolate - (offer as a sacrifice by killing or by giving up 
              to destruction; 'The Aztecs immolated human victims';
              'immolate the valuables at the temple')

Super-classes IntentionalDestruction^c
SacrificingToaDeity^c

Immoral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immoral`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated violates some code of morality or ethics. Includes adjective senses 1, 3, 4, and 5 of 'immoral' in WordNet: 1. (2) immoral - (deliberately violating accepted principles of right and wrong) 3. immoral - (morally unprincipled; 'immoral behavior') 4. bad, immoral - (characterized by wickedness or immorality; 'led a very bad life') 5. depraved, immoral, perverse, perverted, reprobate - (marked by immorality; deviating from what is considered right or proper or good; 'depraved criminals'; 'a perverted sense of loyalty'; 'the reprobate conduct of a gambling aristocrat')
Super-classes	Unethical^c
Sub-classes	Evil^c Sinful^c Dissolute^c

ImmoralPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmoralPerson`
Description	A ''ImmoralPerson'' is a Person who often violates traditional codes of 'morality'
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immoral^c
Sub-classes	Fornicator^c

Immorality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immorality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immorality' in WordNet: 1. immorality - (the quality of not being in accord with standards of right or good conduct; 'the immorality of basing the defense of the West on the threat of mutual assured destruction')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Immoral^c
Sub-classes	Unrighteousness^c

Immortal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immortal

Description

''Immortal'' is an attribute of things that will never dieor come to an end. Probably nothing in the RealWorld fits that criterion, except perhaps the universe as a whole. This is usually only applied literally to religious, mythical or fictional things.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'immortal' in Wordnet:
           1. (5) immortal - (not subject to death)

Super-classes Alive^c

Immortality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immortality`
Description	''Immortality'' is the Quality and state of being ''Immortal''. This is not restricted to individual Persons, but can be used of ideas or attrbutes such as fame. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immortality' in WordNet: 1. (14) immortality - (the quality or state of being immortal)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c Permanence^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Immortal^c

Immovable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immovable`
Description	''Immovable'' is the attribute of a PhysicalObject that can are not ''Movable'', i.e. cannot be moved (because of their very large weight and structure). This is for things that cannot be moved in one piece, though very large objects can (in effect) be 'moved' by first disassembling them; this process is not considered as a single ''TransportationEvent''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'immovable' in Wordnet: 1. immovable, immoveable, stabile, unmovable - (not able or intended to be moved; 'the immovable hills')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Immobile^c BuiltIn^c

Immune^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immune

Description

''Immune'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the condition of ''Immunity'' to disease, or some closely related or associated aspects.

           Corresponds most closely to adjective sense 1 of 'immune' in WordNet:
             1. immune - (relating to the condition of immunity; "the immune system")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Immune-Resistant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immune-Resistant

Description

'Immune-Resistant'' is a more complete subtype of ''ResistantToDisease''characterizing Animals that have some Generic biological ''AilmentImmunity'' to some kind of AilmentCondition. Subtypes will be more specific. This attribute can be induced by various events such as infection, vaccination, exposure to an antigen.

        CYC: The collection of instances of #$Animal that are
          immune to some type of ailment.

        This means 'being immune'.

        Corresponds most closely to parts of adjective sense 3 of 'immune' 
            in WordNet, but this COSMO type is for immunity to disease, 
            in the sense of being resistant, and is not
            a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to Imunity 
            generally.  For that use ''Immune'' 
          3. immune, resistant - (relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection))

Super-classes ResistantToDisease^c

ImmunePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmunePerson`
Description	An ''ImmunePerson'' is a Person who is ''Immune'' to some ''Disease'' that can be transmitted to or from others. If that Person is also abletotransmit the disease to another Person, s/he is an instance of the subtype ''DiseaseCarrier''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immune' in WordNet: 1. immune - (a person who is immune to a particular infection)`
Super-classes	Person^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immune^c

ImmuneResponse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmuneResponse`
Description	A ''BodilyResponse'' by the ''ImmuneSystem'' to the presence of something interpreted as a 'foreign' thing in the body, causing production of ''Antibody''s. This may be beneficial or harmful, depending on multiple aspects of the situation. CYC: A collection of events. An instance of #$ImmuneResponse is the response of organism's #$ImmuneSystem to an encounter with microbial or viral agents. See #$HumoralImmuneResponse, #$CellularImmuneResponse, and #$ImmuneSystem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immune response' in WordNet: 1. immune response, immune reaction, immunologic response - (a bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen)
Super-classes	PhysicalReaction^c PhysiologicalEffect^c BodilyResponse^c BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Antibody^c

ImmuneSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmuneSystem`
Description	CYC: The collection of all animal immune systems considered as instances of #$AnimalBodyPart. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immune system' in WordNet: 1. (1) immune system - (a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalSystem^c AnimalBodyPart^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value ImmuneResponse^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Antibody^c

Immunity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immunity`
Description	''Immunity'' is a broad class of ''ObjectCondition''s of Objects that can strongly or completely resist the deleterious effects of some agent, action, or situation; this is a lack of 'susceptibility' to some deleterious situation. This is the generic sense of 'immunity' including immunity from disease, immunity from prosecution, immunity (syn. 'unsusceptibility') from degradation (e.g. a stainless steel object) and immunity from an obligation. NOTE: immunity from disease is represented as the subtype ''AilmentImmunity''. NOTE: no sense of 'resistance' in WN seems to fit this type, but RHW sense 1 of 'resistance' does include this broad sense: RHW 'resistance': 1. the act or power of resisting, opposing, or withstanding. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'immunity' in WordNet: 1. (5) unsusceptibility, immunity - (the state of not being susceptible; 'unsusceptibility to rust') 3. immunity - (the quality of being unaffected by something; 'immunity to criticism')
Super-classes	ObjectCondition^c PhysicalSituation^c Freedom^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Exemption^c AilmentImmunity^c

ImmunityFromLegalPunishment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmunityFromLegalPunishment`
Description	''ImmunityFromLegalPunishment'' is a ''PersistenState'' of some Person(s) who for any reason cannot be legally punished. The subtypes can add in more detail about the reason for the immunity or the kind of punishment that the subject is immune to (free from). Getting a 'pardon' from the President or a Governor would be one type. This is similar to an ''Amnesty'' but is usually caused in a different manner.
Super-classes	GoodThing^c Exemption^c
Restrictions	isGoodFor^op value Person^c isaFreedomFrom^op value BearingPunishment^c hadBeneficiary^op value Offender^c

ImmunityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImmunityType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some subtype of ''Immunity as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	EventType^c ActionType^c
Members	AilmentImmunity

Immunization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immunization`
Description	''Immunization'' is the Action in which some ''Animal'' acquires ''Immunity'' to some Disease. NOTE that ''immunizing' and ''Vaccination'' are synonyms in WN,but in COSMO ''Vaccination'' is an attempt at ''Immunization'' that does not always succeed. ''Immunization'' is the state of actually becoming ''Immune''. NOTE: ''vccinating' is broken out as a separate type - attempting to immunize. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'immunize' in WordNet: 2. immunize, immunise, inoculate, vaccinate - (perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation; 'We vaccinate against scarlet fever'; 'The nurse vaccinated the children in the school') WN noun 'immunization': 1. immunization, immunisation - (the act of making immune (especially by inoculation))
Super-classes	Development^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Vaccinating^c hasThingAcquired^op some ImmunityType^c

Immunodeficiency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immunodeficiency`
Description	''Immunodeficiency''is a subtype of 'Disease' in which the immune system is unable to function as well as needed to protect from infectious disease. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immunodeficiency' in WordNet: 1. immunodeficiency - (immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced)`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Sub-classes	AIDS^c

Immunologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immunologist`
Description	Immunologists are doctors who specialize in the phenomena and causes of immunity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immunologist' in WordNet: 1. immunologist - (a medical scientist who specializes in immunology)`
Super-classes	Biologist^c MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Immunology^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value ImmuneSystem^c

Immunology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Immunology`
Description	''Immunology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' concerned with how the immune system functions, and how it malfunctions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immunology' in WordNet: 1. (1) immunology - (the branch of medical science that studies the body's immune system)`
Super-classes	Biology^c Medicine^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Immunologist^c hasTopic^op value ImmuneSystem^c hasTopic^op value ImmuneResponse^c hasTopic^op value Immunodeficiency^c hasTopic^op value Immunity^c

Imp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imp`
Description	An Imp is a ''MinorChild'' that has a tendency to misbehave. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imp' in WordNet: 2. imp, scamp, monkey, rascal, rapscallion, scalawag, scallywag - (one who is playfully mischievous)`
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impish^c
Sub-classes	Brat^c

Impact^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impact

Description

An ''Impact'' is a strong 'Effect'' (Event,including states).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impact' in WordNet:
         2. (6) impact, wallop - (a forceful consequence; a strong effect;
           'the book had an important impact on my thinking'; 'the book packs a wallop')
         3. (2) impingement, encroachment, impact - (influencing strongly; 
         'they resented the impingement of American values on European culture')

Super-classes Effect^c
Result^c

Impaired^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impaired`
Description	The Attribute of an animal who has sufficiently less of some ability than the typical animal of that type. 'Physically impaired' or 'disabled' is used for people with some disability. This does not necessarily imply a complete absence of some function, but sufficient impairment to create a significant difficulty. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'impaired' in WordNet: 1. (1) impaired - (diminished in strength, quality, or utility; 'impaired eyesight') 2. afflicted, impaired - (mentally or physically unfit)`
Super-classes	LackingaFunction^c
Sub-classes	Blind^c Lame^c Diminished^c Disabled^c PigeonToed^c

Impaling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impaling`
Description	''Impaling'' is a type of ''PiercingSomething'' with a sharp pointed stick or pole. The object pierced may not be a living thing, or may already be dead. `The subtype ''ImpalingOnaStake'' is a form of ''Killing'' by impaling like Vlad Tepes, 'Vlad the Impaler', the inspiration for Count Dracula.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impale' in WordNet: 1. (2) transfix, impale, empale, spike - (pierce with a sharp stake or point; 'impale a shrimp on a skewer')`
Super-classes	PiercingSomething^c
Restrictions	uses^op value PointyEndedObject^c
Sub-classes	ImpalingOnaStake^c

ImpalingOnaStake^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImpalingOnaStake

Description

''ImpalingOnaStake'' is a ''Killing'' that is a form of ''Impaling'' using a point-ended stake or some similar pole; it is often not immediately fatal. This was done in ancient and medieval times as a cruel way to execute a person - perhaps to set an example (e.g. by 'Vlad the Impaler')

        Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'stake' in WordNet:
          5. impale, stake - (kill by piercing with a spear or sharp pole; 
             'the enemies were impaled and left to die')

Super-classes Impaling^c
Killing^c

Impartial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impartial`
Description	''Impartial'' is a subtype of ''DisposedToReason'' recurring pattern of behavior that can be categorized as ''FairPlay''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'impartial' and senses 2 and 4 of 'neutral' in WordNet: 1. (1) impartial, fair - (showing lack of favoritism; 'the cold neutrality of an impartial judge') 2. unprejudiced, impartial - (free from undue bias or preconceived opinions; 'an unprejudiced appraisal of the pros and cons'; 'the impartial eye of a scientist') WN adj 'neutral': 2. (4) impersonal, neutral - (having no personal preference; 'impersonal criticism'; 'a neutral observer') 4. (2) neutral - (not supporting or favoring either side in a war, dispute, or contest) WN adj 'evenhanded': 1. evenhanded - (without partiality; 'evenhanded justice')
Super-classes	Rational^c DisposedToReason^c PersonTraitValue^c Unbiased^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value FairPlay^c

Impartiality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impartiality`
Description	''Impartiality'' is an ''Attitude'' that predisposes a Person to treat all or most things (people, ''GroupOfpeople''s, 'Belief''s, assertions) in an objective manner, without apredisposition to favor one over the other. This is an Attitude that contrasts with ''Partiality''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impartiality' in WordNet: 1. impartiality, nonpartisanship - (an inclination to weigh both views or opinions equally)`
Super-classes	Attitude^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impartial^c causes^op value FairPlay^c
Sub-classes	Neutrality^c

Impartially^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impartially

Description

''Impartially'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' indicating that an action was performed with ''Impartiality''

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'impartially' and adverb sense 2 of
           'fairly' in WordNet:
           1. impartially - (in an impartial manner; ;he smiled at them both impartially;)
         WN adverb 'fairly':
           2. (25) fairly, fair, evenhandedly - (without favoring one party,
             in a fair evenhanded manner; 'deal fairly with one another')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

ImpartingAnAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImpartingAnAttribute`
Description	''ImpartingAnAttribute'' is an Event (formally an Action) in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - physically causes an Object to acquire a new AttributeValue; this differs from ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in that it does not point to a Difference in attributes before and after, but only to the new attribute acquired in the Event. `This Type is used when one only wants to describe the AttributeValue that is given (it may be a change, but it may be an addition). The subtype ''SurfaceAttributeChange'' is used to descrbe a change to a surface attribute. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'render' in WordNet: 1. (12) render - (cause to become; 'The shot rendered her immobile')`
Super-classes	ImpartingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op some AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	Forfeiting^c SurfaceAttributeChange^c Lengthening^c Abridging^c Baking^c Sweetening^c Shortening^c GettingWet^c Discarding^c Wetting^c Smoothening^c Dressing^c Loosening^c Tightening^c Soaking^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingPatMoustached

ImpartingKnowledge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImpartingKnowledge`
Description	''ImpartingKnowledge'' is an Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impart' in WordNet: 1. (7) impart, leave, give, pass on - (tell or deposit (information) knowledge; 'give a secret to the Russians'; 'leave your name and address here')`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c ImpartingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Informed^c hadInformationTransferred^op some InformationObject^c

ImpartingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImpartingSomething`
Description	A ''ImpartingSomething'' is a ''Modification'' of some Object - animate or inanimate - by adding something to that Object. The something added can be abstract, such as knowledge or Belief or an Attribute, or physical, such as a substance. `Subtypes can be more specific about what is imparted. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'impart' in WordNet: 2. (1) lend, impart, bestow, contribute, add, bring - (bestow a quality on; 'Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company'; 'The music added a lot to the play'; 'She brings a special atmosphere to our meetings'; 'This adds a light note to the program')`
Super-classes	Action^c Modification^c
Sub-classes	InstillingThoughts^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c ImpartingKnowledge^c

Impassable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impassable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impassable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) impassable, unpassable - (incapable of being passed)`
Super-classes	Obstructive^c

Impassioned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impassioned

Description

The attribute ''Impassioned'' is an intense degree of ''Passionate''. There are several senses included here, differing by the kind of thing they characterize - people, actions, emotions, and even different types of emotions. Perhaps these should be separate entries, as some words like 'torrid' tend to be used more for sexual passion than other types; 'burning' also has some element of 'impatience' and 'desire'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impassioned' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) ardent, burning, fervent, fervid, fiery, impassioned, perfervid, torrid -
             (characterized by intense emotion; 'ardent love'; 'an ardent lover';
             'a burning enthusiasm'; 'a fervent desire to change society'; 'a fervent admirer';
             'fiery oratory'; 'an impassioned appeal'; 'a torrid love affair')
        WN adj 'fiery':
          3. fiery, flaming - (very intense; 'a fiery temper'; 'flaming passions')

Super-classes Passionate^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Impatience^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impatience

Description

Emotion arising from the inability to bear some trial (as delay, opposition, discomfort, or stupidity), shown by mental and emotional unrest, and inability to keep still.

        Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'impatience' in WordNet:
          1. (4) restlessness, impatience - (a lack of patience; 
             irritation with anything that causes delay)
          3. impatience - (a dislike of anything that causes delay)
        WN noun 'intolerance':
          1. (1) intolerance - (impatience with annoyances; 'his intolerance of interruptions')

Super-classes Feeling^c

Impatient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impatient

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing Impatience.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impatient' in WordNet:
      1. (5) impatient - (restless or short of temper under delay or opposition;
      'impatient with the slower students'; 'impatient of criticism')

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Impatiently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impatiently

Description

''Impatiently'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Agent was ''Impatient'' when performing the Action.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'impatiently' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) impatiently, with impatience - (in an impatient manner; 'he answered her impatiently')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Impeachment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impeachment`
Description	An ''Impeachment'' is a ''LegalAllegation'' that is an ''Accusation'' against some Governmental officer that that agent has committed an Action that is not necessarily a Crime, warranting removal from office. `CYC: The collection of events involving the charging of a public official before a competent tribunal with misconduct in office. This is the abstract 'LinguisticAssertion'': for the paper document memorializing an ''Impeachment'' use ''BillOfImpeachment''.`
Super-classes	LegalAllegation^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value DepartmentOfJustice^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value BillOfImpeachment^c

Impeccable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impeccable

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impeccable' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) faultless, immaculate, impeccable - (without fault or error;
            'faultless logic'; 'speaks impeccable French'; 
            'timing and technique were immaculate'; 'an immaculate record')

Super-classes Perfect^c

Impeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impeding`
Description	''Impeding'' is an Action by something (inanimate or animate) that can reduce the rate of or completely prevent some Action or Event. `For an ''AttemptingAction'' by a ''IntentionalAgent'' that attempts to prevent an action, use ''Interfering''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impede' in WordNet: 1. (2) impede, hinder - (be a hindrance or obstacle to; 'She is impeding the progress of our project')`
Super-classes	Action^c AffectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some (Event^c or EventType^c or PhysicalProcess^c or ProcessType^c or Goal^c or GoalType^c or NeedMicrotheory^c)
Sub-classes	Interfering^c BlockingAction^c StuntingGrowth^c

Impelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impelling`
Description	The subclass of Propelling where the patient travels through space due to motion imparted by a sudden, forceful event. Some examples would be shooting, throwing, tossing, spitting, etc. The firing of a rocket motor is also an Impelling, though the motion is imparted by the object moved; Likewise, in zero gravity, the Propelling of one object by another would be an Impelling causing both objects to move. The Impelling can be done by a natural force such as a volcano or a tornado. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'impel' in WordNet: 2. propel, impel - (cause to move forward with force; 'Steam propels this ship')`
Super-classes	Propelling^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BallisticMovementInAir^c
Sub-classes	Hurling^c Firing^c Launching^c Throwing^c Spitting^c Shooting^c

Impenetrable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impenetrable

Description

''Impenetrable'' is an attribute of Things that can not undergo a ''PenetratingSomething'' by something else. This is broad, applying to any kind of 'penetration'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impenetrable' in Wordnet:
          1. impenetrable - (not admitting of penetration or passage into or through; 
            'an impenetrable fortress'; 'impenetrable rain forests')

Super-classes Insusceptible^c

Imperative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imperative`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imperative' in WordNet: 2. imperative - (some duty that is essential and urgent)`
Super-classes	ObligedAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Urgent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Essential^c

Imperceptible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imperceptible`
Description	''Imperceptible'' is the attribute of something, that cannot be perceved by human senses by some Person (though possibly by others). This attribute can be temporary, as when something is out of sight or so far away so as to be too faint to hear, or it can be an inherant attribute, as of X-rays or sounds above the audible range (''Ultrasound''). These two types of imperceptibility should be distinguished with subtypes. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 (imperceptible to the senses) of 'imperceptible' in Wordnet: 1. imperceptible, unperceivable - (impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses; "an imperceptible drop in temperature"; "an imperceptible nod"; "color is unperceivable to the touch")`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Inaudible^c Undetected^c

Imperfect^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imperfect

Description

The property of not being Perfect. This does not mean that the thing characterized is ''Bad'' - in fact to call something ''Imperfect'' usually means that it is ''Good'' but can be better. NOTE that this does not mean having just some ''Flaw'', but having some Flaw that is relevant to a Purpose. Something that has a minor flaw that does not detract from its purpose has the parent attribute ''Flawed''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imperfect' in WordNet:
            1. (2) imperfect - (not perfect; defective or inadequate; 
            'had only an imperfect understanding of his responsibilities'; 
            'imperfect mortals'; 'drainage here is imperfect')

Super-classes Flawed^c

Imperfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imperfection`
Description	''Imperfection'' is a ''Quality'' (a PersistentState) in which some Part, Feature, or Attribute of an Object or Action is undesirable and makes the thing less suitable for a purpose than it could otherwise be - though not necessarily 'Bad'. This is a very broad concept. `The notion of 'imperfection' as a some part of a physicalObject (e.g. RHW 'imperfection sense 1: 1. an imperfect detail; flaw: a law full of imperfections.) is not represented in WN, and is subsumed in COSMO under the entry ''Flaw''. This type corresponds to RHW sense 2 of 'imperfection': RHW: 2. the quality or condition of being imperfect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imperfection' in WordNet: 1. imperfection, imperfectness - (the state or an instance of being imperfect)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Flawlessness^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Flawed^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Imperfect^c
Sub-classes	Untruthfulness^c Shortcoming^c

Imperial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imperial

Description

   Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'imperial' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) imperial - (relating to or associated with an empire; 
          'imperial colony'; 'the imperial gallon was standardized 
          legally throughout the British Empire')
      2. imperial - (befitting or belonging to an emperor or empress; 
         'imperial palace')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Imperialism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imperialism`
Description	A ''Imperialism'' is a ''Policy'' of extending the rule of one Nation to other lands that are parts of an ''Empire''. `NOTE that this is the policy of enoraging rule of one people by a foreign nation; the actual execution of such a policy would be similar to ''Colonialism'' (but not yet represented). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imperialism' in WordNet: 1. (2) imperialism - (a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries)`
Super-classes	PoliticalPolicy^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op only (TerritorialExpansion^c or ForeignControl^c) hasTopic^op value Empire^c isPerformedBy^op only GroupOfCountries^c

Impermeable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impermeable`
Description	'Impermeable' applies to objects that are a 'SheetOfSomeStuff' or a sheet-shaped substance. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impermeable' in WordNet: 1. impermeable - (preventing especially liquids to pass or diffuse through; 'impermeable stone'; 'an impermeable layer of scum'; 'a coat impermeable to rain')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Watertight^c

Impersonal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impersonal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impersonal' in Wordnet: 1. (6) impersonal - (not relating to or responsive to individual persons; 'an impersonal corporation'; 'an impersonal remark')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Impersonating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impersonating`
Description	''Impersonating'' is ''Pretending'' to be someone else, other than one is. This is for intentional deception, not 'acting'in a drama. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'impersonate' in WordNet: 3. pose, impersonate, personate - (pretend to be someone you are not; sometimes with fraudulent intentions; 'She posed as the Czar's daughter') WN noun 'impersonation': 2. imposture, impersonation - (pretending to be another person)`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c Informing^c Deceiving^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Lie^c

Impetus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impetus`
Description	An ''Impetus'' is a ''Force'' that is caused by the pressure of some moving fuid stream pushing on an Object in the direction of the stream flow. This contrasts with ''AerodynamicResistance'', which retards the motion of an Object that is being pushed in Air by some other Force. `NOTE: the relation between a ''PushingPhenomenon'' (a Phenomenon) and a ''PushingEvent'' might be clearer or more precise. Rethink? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impetus' in WordNet: 1. (3) drift, impetus, impulsion - (a force that moves something along)`
Super-classes	Force^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value FluidFlowEvent^c isProducedByEventType^op value PushingPhenomenon^c

Impish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impish`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impish' in Wordnet: 1. impish, implike, mischievous, pixilated, prankish, puckish, wicked - (naughtily or annoyingly playful; 'teasing and worrying with impish laughter'; 'a wicked prank')`
Super-classes	Naughty^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Imp^c
Sub-classes	Bratty^c

Implant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'implant' in WordNet: 1. implant - (a prosthesis placed permanently in tissue)`
Super-classes	ArtificialBodyPart^c
Restrictions	wasaSubstituteFor^op value AnimalBodyPart^c

Implanting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implanting

Description

''Implanting'' is an ''Inserting'' of something (animate or inanimate) into another object.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'implant' in WordNet:
         1. (1) implant, engraft, embed, imbed, plant - 
            (fix or set securely or deeply; 'He planted a knee in the back of his opponent'; 
            'The dentist implanted a tooth in the gum')

Super-classes AddingEvent^c
Inserting^c

ImplantingIdeas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImplantingIdeas`
Description	Each ''ImplantingIdeas'' is an ''Informing'' that is sufficiently convincing or forceful that it succeeds in making the audience remember and think about what was told to them. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'implant' in WordNet: 3. plant, implant - (put firmly in the mind; 'Plant a thought in the students' minds')`
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c AssertingEvent^c Informing^c
Restrictions	hadInformationTransferred^op value Notion^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Convincing^c

Implement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implement`
Description	An 'Implement' is a PhysicalOject (not necessarily artifactual) that is or can be used as an instrument to perform some task. This is broader than the WordNet suggestion that it is an artifact. This covers the usage where a natural object is used (a piece of wood used as a club, a rock used as a hammer). `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'implement' in WordNet: 1. (2) implement - (instrumentation (a piece of equipment or tool) used to effect an end)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c UsefulThing^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Action^c
Sub-classes	Sharpener^c Utensil^c Device^c Instrument^c

Implemental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implemental

Description

''Implemental'' (''Instrumental'' is used for instruments) is an attribute of anything that can assist a Person to accomplish some Goal.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'instrumental' in Wordnet:
        2. implemental, instrumental, subservient -
          (serving or acting as a means or aid; 'instrumental in solving the crime')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c
Helpful^c

Implementation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implementation`
Description	A ''Implementation'' is an ''Action'' in which some Person or Organization performs an action in order to carry out some specified policy of that Agent. This can be implementation of government policy (such as promulgation or enforcement of a regulation); or it can be implementation of a business Organization policy or decision. This can also be used for military actions taken to execute decisions of a high-level government group, but not for ad hoc or local initiatives by a military group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'implementation' in WordNet: 1. (2) execution, implementation, carrying out - (the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order; 'the agency was created for the implementation of the policy') WN noun 'execution': 2. (2) performance, execution, carrying out, carrying into action - (the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; 'they criticised his performance as mayor'; 'experience generally improves performance') WN verb 'carry out': 1. (26) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation')
Super-classes	PerformingSomeAction^c PlannedAction^c OrganizationAction^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some DesiredFutureSituation^c isAnExecutionOf^op some Plan^c
Sub-classes	EconomicPolicy^c

Implication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implication`
Description	The ''Implication'' of some ''Communication'' is not expressed directly but implied (suggested) by the whole context of the communication. . Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'implication' in WordNet: 2. (7) significance, import, implication - (a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; 'the significance of his remark became clear only later'; 'the expectation was spread both by word and by implication')
Super-classes	Meaning^c
Restrictions	isTheMeaningRepresentationOf^op some Communication^c
Sub-classes	Overtones^c

Implicit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implicit

Description

''Implicit'' is an attribute of Assertions, or propositions that are not clearly expressed in a text (or speech act) but can be inferred from what is expressed and the context and circumstances of the communication.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'implicit' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) implicit, inexplicit - (implied though not directly expressed; 
            inherent in the nature of something; 'an implicit agreement 
            not to raise the subject'; 'there was implicit criticism in his voice'; 
            'anger was implicit in the argument'; 'the oak is implicit in the acorn')

Super-classes Implied^c
DifficultToUnderstand^c

Implicitly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implicitly

Description

''Implicitly'' is an attribute of Assertions, or propositions that are not clearly expressed in a text (or speech act) but can be inferred from what is expressed and the context and circumstances of the communication.

          Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'implicitly' in Wordnet:
            2. implicitly - (without ever expressing so clearly;
                'he implicitly assumes that you know the answer')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Implied^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implied`
Description	''Implied'' is an AttributeValue of an Assertion that was not stated clearly, but had to be inferred from what was actually stated. The opposite of ''Explicit''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'implied' in Wordnet: 1. (1) implied, silent, tacit, understood - (indicated by necessary connotation though not expressed directly; 'gave silent consent'; 'a tacit agreement'; 'the understood provisos of a custody agreement')`
Super-classes	Invisible^c
Sub-classes	Implicit^c

Imploding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imploding

Description

''Imploding'' is a form of ''Collapsing'' in which the external pressure on a cavity or container so greatly exceeds the internal pressure that the walls of the cavity rupture and the cavity collapses inward. This can happen, for example if a submarine dives to a depth too great for its walls to resist the water pressure, or a vacuum bottle wall cracks and the air pressure causes it to collapse. The type of 'implosion' used in detonating an atom bomb is of a different type not included in this type; it is the inward force cause by an explosion of explosive materials surrounding fissionable material which was separated into pieces and then collapses into a density sustaining a chain reaction. That type is not yet represented.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'implode' in WordNet:
          1. implode, go off - (burst inward; 'The bottle imploded')

Super-classes Collapsing^c

Implying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Implying`
Description	''Implying'' is a ''UsingaLanguage'' (oral or written)in which the speaker intends to assert something without doing so directly, but indirectly by 'implication' which requires some reasoning and possibly assumptions to infer. `NOTE: if an impication can be drawn from Reasoning about non-linguistic information, use relation ''implies'' to create the proper representation Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'imply' in WordNet: 1. (18) imply, connote - (express or state indirectly)`
Super-classes	UsingALanguage^c ImplyingSomething^c AssertingEvent^c Informing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indirect^c
Sub-classes	Presupposing^c Hinting^c

ImplyingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImplyingSomething`
Description	''ImplyingSomething'' is a .''Indicating'' in which the thing (fact or state) indicated has a high probability of being true. This probability is not the certainty that comes from a logical implication. This is a subtype of 'InformationTransferEvent'' and the information transfer can occur by intentional communication from some other agent, or by perceiving or observing something. Although the content of some Informtonbearingobject may carry implications (see ''Conclusion'') , it is not an ''ImplyingSomething'' until it has been perceived by some IntellgentAgent. Needs to be broadened> For the more specific 'implying' as a consequence of a linguistic communication use subtype ''Implying'' See also several relations starting with 'implies . . ' that are more narrowly focused than this general type. includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'imply' and verb sense 2 of 'connote' in WordNet: 1. (18) imply, connote - (express or state indirectly) 2. (14) imply - (suggest as a logically necessary consequence; in logic) 3. (1) entail, imply, mean - (have as a logical consequence; 'The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers') WN verb 'connote' 2. connote, predicate - (involve as a necessary condition of consequence; as in logic; 'solving the problem is predicated on understanding it well')
Super-classes	Indicating^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Conclusion^c causedCreationOf^op some Conclusion^c
Sub-classes	Implying^c

Impolite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impolite`
Description	'Impolite' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who is not considerate of others and offends people; the offense can be mild and unintentional - being outright unpleasant in a manner that the offender should realize is impolite is represented as 'Rude' in COSMO. This AttributeValue can characterize behavior at a particular time, or habitual behavior. . The distinction between being 'impolite' at a particular time or habitually impolite is not yet represented in COSMO. This AttributeValue can characterize a Person or the Action of a Person. NOTE: the difference between 'impolite' and 'discourteous' is not clear, though the former is more commonly used. 'Rude' is also not clearly different, but carries a more intense sense of disapproval when used. In RHW the three are actually close to being synonymous: (RHW Discourteous def: not courteous; impolite; uncivil; rude) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impolite' and sense 1 of 'discourteous' in WordNet: 1. impolite - (not polite) WN 'discourteous': 1. (1) discourteous - (showing no courtesy; rude; 'a distant and at times discourteous young')
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c Offensive^c
Sub-classes	Nosy^c Inelegant^c Rude^c Disrespectful^c

Import^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Import`
Description	Each ''Import'' is any PhysicalObject that was shipped in an ''Importing'' Event. Intellectual property is not included in 'importing' or 'import' - information needs to be related differently. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'import' in WordNet: 1. (2) import, importation - (commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country)`
Super-classes	ProductObject^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op value Importing^c

ImportDuty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImportDuty`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'import duty' in WordNet: 1. (2) duty, tariff - (a government tax on imports or exports; 'they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries')`
Super-classes	Tariff^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value Importing^c

ImportQuota^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImportQuota

Description

'A ''QuotaLimit'' is the maximum permitted quantity of something (Object, Substance, Event) that can be used or had or performed by some Agent
The WN sense 3 of 'quota' on imports would be a subtype. To specify a limit on specific types of things, a subtype can be created with the ''hasComponentElement'' - allValuesFrom - the type of thing that is limited,and the maximum quantity of that can be specified within the ''hasComponentElement'' restriction, using the ''owl:maxcardinality''.

      Includes but  is broader than noun sense 3 of 'quota', including
          maximum limits on things other than imports. in WordNet:
          3. quota - (a limitation on imports; 
               'the quota for Japanese imports was negotiated')

Super-classes QuotaLimit^c

Importance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Importance`
Description	'Importance' is an AttributeType whose values include 'Important', 'Unimportant', 'VeryImportant' and related AttributeValues. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'importance' in WordNet: 1. (50) importance - (the quality of being important and worthy of note; 'the importance of a well-balanced diet')`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Significance^c

Importance-Status^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Importance-Status`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'importance' in WordNet: 2. (4) importance, grandness - (a prominent status; 'a person of importance')`
Super-classes	Standing^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value HighlyRespected^c contrastsWith^op value Obscurity^c
Sub-classes	Primacy^c

Important^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Important`
Description	An attribute of things - people, events, objects - that are considered - by some person(s) - as important. This is a higher degree of 'Salient', and is inconsistent with 'Uninteresting'. `This is an attribute that can be used to mark things that an agent should keep in mind. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'important' in WordNet: 1. (156) important, of import - (of great significance or value; 'important people'; 'the important questions of the day')`
Super-classes	Significant^c
Sub-classes	Principal^c Defining^c Historic^c Starring^c Crucial^c Major^c MostSignificant^c Authorized^c Consequential^c

ImportantPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImportantPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'important person' in WordNet: 1. important person, influential person, personage - (a person whose actions and opinions strongly influence the course of events)`
Super-classes	InfluentialPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Important^c
Sub-classes	VIP^c

ImportantThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImportantThing`
Description	An ''ImportantThing'' is anything (Event, Person, Name, Device, Attribute) that is ''Important'' to some degree in some context. This is very broad, and is represented to give some meaning to a ''CheckList'', since the items on a ''CheckList'' could be of any type, but will have the propery of being important enough in the context where the list is used so that a list is needed to be sure they are not overlooked.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Important^c

Importantly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Importantly

Description

''Importantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions to emphasize that the thing asserted is ''Important''.

        Includes adverb senses  1 and 2 of 'importantly' in WordNet:
           1. (1) importantly, significantly - (in an important way or 
               to an important degree; 'more importantly, Weber held that
                the manifold meaning attached to the event by the social scientist 
                could alter his definition of the concrete event itself')
           2. importantly - (in an important way; 'for centuries jellies have figured
               importantly among English desserts, particularly upon festive occasion')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Imported^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imported`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imported' in Wordnet: 1. imported - (used of especially merchandise brought from a foreign source; 'imported wines')`
Super-classes	Foreign^c

Importer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Importer`
Description	`NOTE: the WN hierarchy makes this a ''Person'' (a ''BusinessPerson'') but most importing is done by Organizations, so the parent for this is a ''CommercialOrganization'', which could be a one-person Organization. Private individuals importing something for their own use are not included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'importer' in WordNet: 1. importer - (someone whose business involves importing goods from outside (especially from a foreign country))`
Super-classes	CommercialOrganization^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Importing^c

Importing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Importing`
Description	Each ''Importing'' is a ''Shipping'' Event in which the thing transported is coming from a country other than that in which the Shipping terminates - transporting across national borders. This is not necessarily a ''Buying'', as a person or company may import something the agent already owns in a foreign country, for that Agents own use, retaining possession. `This has a converse corelated Event ''Importing''. Buying from a foreign agent would be subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'import' in WordNet: 1. (4) import - (bring in from abroad)`
Super-classes	Shipping^c CrossingACountryBorder^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op value Import^c hasReciprocalEvent^op value Exporting^c hadThingTransferred^op value Import^c hasStartingPlace^op value ForeignCountry^c

Imposing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imposing

Description

''Imposing'' is a subtype of ''Impressive'' modifying only PhysicalObjects that are not just impressive but also somewhat large for their kind.

      WN adj 'imposing':
      in WordNet:
         1. (1) baronial, imposing, noble, stately - (impressive in appearance;
        'a baronial mansion'; 'an imposing residence'; 'a noble tree';
        'severe-looking policemen sat astride noble horses'; 'stately columns')

Super-classes Impressive^c

ImposingSanctions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImposingSanctions`
Description	CYC: The collection of all impositions of sanctions, each imposition being performed by an #$Agent upon another #$Agent that has some formal relationship to the imposer. In events of this type, the main #$Event is an official enactment by the imposer, calculated to lead to events that the recipient is presumed to dislike. For example, an organization imposes a fine on one of its members, a judge imposes sanctions on an errant lawyer before the court, the Roman Catholic Church excommunicates a miscreant parishioner, or the United Nations declares an oil embargo against a member-state. The purpose is either to punish the recipient for past disapproved behavior (as in criminal contempt of court, punishing rudeness or dishonesty) or to create an incentive for the recipient to improve future behavior (as in imprisonment for civil contempt of court, designed to force cooperation by a witness). The imposing #$Agent may or may not have any legitimate legal authority to impose the sanction, and may or may not have any power of enforcing the sanction. An instance of #$ImposingSanctions is the formal enactment rather than any later acts of enforcement. This concept is more specific than #$Punishing which includes spanking a baby, pistol-whipping a crime suspect, or retaliation bombing.
Super-classes	Punishing^c

ImposingaRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImposingaRule`
Description	''ImposingaRule'' can be increasing the range of people obigated by the rule, it does not have to include the creation of the Rule. The thing 'imposed' need not be a formal ''Rule''; it could be a tax or embargo or duty or obligation. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impose' in WordNet: 1. (12) enforce, impose - (compel to behave in a certain way; 'Social relations impose courtesy') WN noun 'imposition': 1. (2) imposition, infliction - (the act of imposing something (as a tax or an embargo))`
Super-classes	ObligationCreatingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayProduce^op value Imposition^c
Sub-classes	MakingaRule^c

Imposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imposition`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imposition' in WordNet: 2. imposition - (an uncalled-for burden; 'he listened but resented the imposition')`
Super-classes	Encumbrance^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ImposingaRule^c

Impossibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impossibility`
Description	''Impossibility'' is a ''PersistentState'' of ''NonExistence'' for Events that cannot happen, objects that cannot exist, and ideas that are logically impossible. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impossibility' in WordNet: 1. impossibility, impossibleness - (incapability of existing or occurring)`
Super-classes	NonExistence^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Impossible^c

Impossible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impossible`
Description	'Impossible' is a 'VerbalProbability', an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that cannot be true, in some Possible World. This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0.0 to 0.0 (i.e. the chances are zero). NOTE that this does not mean that the situation described cannot be true in any possible world; that would be the case only for logically contradictory assertions. This is a literal interpretation; exaggerated or metaphorical usage of the word 'impossible' is not within the scope of this type. Includes adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'impossible' in WordNet: 1. (36) impossible - (not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with; 'an impossible dream'; 'an impossible situation') 2. (12) impossible, inconceivable, out of the question, unimaginable - (totally unlikely)
Super-classes	VerbalProbability^c
Restrictions	hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.0^c hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c
Sub-classes	LogicallyContradictory^c

ImpossibleThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImpossibleThing`
Description	An ''Impossibility'' is an ''AlternativeThing'' (one of several choices, propoals,or Propositions) that cannot exist or cannot happen (is considered to be ''Impossible'' by some IntelligentAgent). `" One can't believe imposssible things " - AliceIn Wonderland Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'impossibility' in WordNet: 2. impossibility, impossible action - (an alternative that is not available)`
Super-classes	AlternativeThing^c UnlikelyThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impossible^c

Impossibly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impossibly

Description

        Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'impossibly' in Wordnet:
          1. impossibly - (in a manner or to a degree not possible of conceiving; 
              'he is impossibly idealistic')
          2. impossibly - (to a degree impossible of achievement; 
             'long thought to be an impossibly difficult operation'; 
             'impossibly far from sources of supply')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Impoverished^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impoverished

Description

''Impoverished'' is the attribute of a Person who has become very ''Poor'', potentially from some Event of impoverishing.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impoverished' in Wordnet:
         1. destitute, impoverished, indigent, necessitous, needy, poverty-stricken -
            (poor enough to need help from others)
         2. broken, wiped out, impoverished - (destroyed financially;
         'the broken fortunes of the family')

Super-classes Poor^c

Impoverishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impoverishing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impoverish' in WordNet: 1. impoverish - (make poor)`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c Depriving^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c) alwaysCauses^op value Poverty^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Poor^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Poorer^c prevents^op value LivingWage^c

Impractical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impractical

Description

Something is 'impractical' if it does not serves a useful purpose, or involves too much expense, or is technically unfeasible.

   This sense corresponds to parts of senses 1 and 2 of 'impractical' in WordNet; it 
   excludes the sense of 'impractical' as a personal trait:    in WordNet:
     1. (2) impractical - (not practical; not workable or not given to practical matters;
        'refloating the ship proved impractical because of the expense';
        'he is intelligent but too impractical for commercial work'; 
        'an impractical solution')
     2. airy, impractical, visionary, Laputan, windy - (not practical or realizable;
        speculative; 'airy theories about socioeconomic improvement'; 
        'visionary schemes for getting rich')

Super-classes Bad^c

Impregnation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impregnation`
Description	''Impregnation'' is the Event in which a FemaleAnimal becomes pregnant, usually a mammal is most of interest. This is only for animals, so it corresponds only to part of the sense 3 of 'impregnation' in Wordnet NOTE: this is for making a female pregnant; introducing semen without causing pregnancy is not included in this type. That would be a different type. Corresponds to part (for mammals) of noun sense 1 of 'impregnation' in Wordnet: 3. fertilization, fertilisation, fecundation, impregnation - (creation by the physical union of male and female gametes; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant) WN verb 'inseminate': 2. inseminate, fecundate, fertilize, fertilise - (introduce semen into (a female)) WN verb 'impregnate': 3. impregnate - (fertilize and cause to grow; 'the egg was impregnated') 4. impregnate, knock up, bang up, prang up - (make pregnant; 'He impregnated his wife again')
Super-classes	FertilizingaFemaleOrganism^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c
Restrictions	initiatesState^op value Pregnancy^c causes^op value BecomingPregnant^c isPerformedBy^op value Animal^c isaSubEventOf^op value AnimalReproductionEvent^c

Impressed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impressed`
Description	''Impressed'' is an attribute value a Person who is both ''Cognizant'' of something - a fact or Event, and bcause of that awareness experienced a ''BeingImpressed'' Feeling - at least temporarily. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impressed' in WordNet: 1. impressed - (deeply or markedly affected or influenced)`
Super-classes	Cognizant^c
Sub-classes	Awed^c

ImpressingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImpressingSomeone`
Description	Each ''ImpressingSomeone'' is an Action that can cause ''BeingImpressed' in many people who learn of it. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'impress' in WordNet: 2. (8) impress - (impress positively; 'The young chess player impressed her audience')`
Super-classes	CausingaMentalEvent^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impressive^c causesMentalEventType^op value BeingImpressed^c
Sub-classes	WowingSomeone^c

Impressive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impressive`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute that asserts that the thing evaluated produces a strong impression on the observer; the thing evaluated could be an Action or an Object or an AttributeType, animate or inanimate. `in WordNet: 1. (16) impressive - (making a strong or vivid impression; 'an impressive ceremony')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c Remarkable^c
Sub-classes	Awesome^c Spectacular^c Dazzling^c Imposing^c LargerThanLife^c Ultimate^c Formidable-Powerful^c Venerable^c Splendid^c Badass^c Grand^c

ImpressiveAppearance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImpressiveAppearance

Description

An ''ImpressiveAppearance'' is an ''Appearance'' of some Object that can cause a viewer to experience ''BeingImpressed''..

   Needs more detail to relate it properly to ''Impressive'

Super-classes Appearance^c

Imprint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imprint

Description

This ''Imprint'' is a depression in a surface produced by intentionall applying force with a hard solid object to another solid object that is not as hard (has a lower 'hardness' value). The 'Imprint'' created may be text only, or graphical images (as on a coin) or both.

       Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'imprint' in WordNet:
         4. imprint, embossment - (an impression produced by pressure or printing)

Super-classes Indentation^c

Imprinted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imprinted`
Description	''Imprinted'' is the attribute of something that has symbolic impressions in a surface produced by ''Imprinting''.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Imprinting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imprinting`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'imprint' in WordNet: 2. impress, imprint - (mark or stamp with or as if with pressure; 'To make a batik, you impress a design with wax')`
Super-classes	ForceTransmissionEvent^c MarkingOnASurface^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Imprinted^c produces^op value Imprint^c
Sub-classes	MintingaCoin^c

Imprisoned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imprisoned`
Description	Imprisoned is a subype of ''Confined''in which a Person has been captured and detained and is being held in some form of jail or Prison facility, and has not been released. This is more specific than ''Confined'', in that this is for people,and the area of free motion should not be much larger than a large prison or prison camp. Exile to an island is not an instance. This need not be done by law enforement, it could be a result of kidnapping or other illegal detention. `Corresponds to part for people injail adjective sense 1 of 'imprisoned' in Wordnet: 1. captive, confined, imprisoned, jailed - (in captivity)`
Super-classes	Confined^c Captured^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Prisoner^c

Imprisoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imprisoning`
Description	A situation where a ''Person'' is held in a prison (or jail, or detention center - subtypes can be distinguished and created as needed). `SUMO: The class of Confining processes where the detainee is put in Prison. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imprison' in Wordnet: 1. (3) imprison, incarcerate, lag, immure, put behind bars, jail, jug, gaol, put away, remand - (lock up or confine, in or as in a jail; 'The suspects were imprisoned without trial'; 'the murderer was incarcerated for the rest of his life') WN noun 'imprisonment': 1. (3) imprisonment - (putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment)`
Super-classes	Punishing^c Confining^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Captivity^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Imprisoned^c typicallyFollows^op value Arresting^c

Imprisonment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imprisonment`
Description	''Imprisonment'' is a subtype of ''Captivity'' in which a Person has experienced ''Imprisoning''and is still ''Imprisoned'', which is to be confined to a small room within a ''Prison''. This differs from parent type ''Captivity'' in that the Person imprisoned is confined to a small room most of the day. 'House arrest' or being in a 'labor camp' or 'detention center' are not included here - the parent ''Captivity'' can be used for those states. The parent '''Captivity' can be used for NonHumanAnimals, but this is specifically for people. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'imprisonment' in WordNet: 2. captivity, imprisonment, incarceration, immurement - (the state of being imprisoned; 'he was held in captivity until he died'; 'the imprisonment of captured soldiers'; 'his ignominious incarceration in the local jail'; 'he practiced the immurement of his enemies in the castle dungeon')`
Super-classes	Captivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Prisoner^c isCausedBy^op value Imprisoning^c impliesAgentAttribute^op value Imprisoned^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Imprisoned^c

Impromptu^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impromptu

Description

Although this characterizes Actions that are 'unplanned' it still characterizes a ''PurposefulAction''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impromptu' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) ad-lib, extemporaneous, extemporary, extempore, impromptu, offhand, 
           offhanded, off-the-cuff, unrehearsed - (with little or no preparation
           or forethought; 'his ad-lib comments showed poor judgment'; 
           'an extemporaneous piano recital'; 'an extemporary lecture'; 
           'an extempore skit'; 'an impromptu speech'; 'offhand excuses'; 
           'trying to sound offhanded and reassuring'; 'an off-the-cuff toast';
           'a few unrehearsed comments')
     WN adjective 'spontaneous':
       2. ad-lib, spontaneous, unwritten - (said or done without having been planned or written 
           in advance; 'he made a few ad-lib remarks')

Super-classes Unprepared^c
Unplanned^c

Improper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Improper`
Description	''Unsuitable'' in violating some some accepted standard of behavior or propriety in social interactions (of actions). This can be a minor infraction of standards or worse. The more intensive types of 'improper' are subtypes. `Correspond to part of adjective sense 3 of'improper' in WordNet: 3. unsuitable, improper, wrong - (not appropriate for a purpose or occasion; 'unsuitable attire for the office'; 'said all the wrong things') WN adj 'inappropriate': 1. (2) inappropriate - (not suitable for a particular occasion etc; 'noise seems inappropriate at a time of sadness'; 'inappropriate shoes for a walk on the beach'; 'put inappropriate pressure on them')`
Super-classes	Unsuitable^c
Sub-classes	Dishonest^c Naughty^c Gratuitous^c Evil^c Unprofessional^c

Improperly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Improperly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'improperly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) improperly - (in an improper way; 'he checked whether the wound had healed improperly')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Improved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Improved`
Description	''Improved'' is the attribute of any Object, Abstract or Physical, or Event, that has experienced an ''ImprovementEvent''. Instances of Events are past and cannot be changed, but the protocol (Plan, Procedure, Method) can be improved so that future executions of similar Actions will be better for their purpose. `Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 1 and 2 of 'improved' in WordNet: 1. (3) improved - (made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing; 'new houses are springing up on an improved tract of land near the river'; 'an improved breed') 2. (2) improved - (become or made better in quality; 'was proud of his improved grades'; 'an improved viewfinder')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Polished^c

Improvement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Improvement`
Description	The change in attributes that is caused by an ImprovementEvent - or any its subtypes. This is an AttributeValue that is a Difference in the same Attribute of the same Object at different times, the later time being one where the Object is better in some respect. The Attribute that changes does not have to impare the functionality of the Object, it may only detract from its appearance. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'improvement' in WordNet: 2. (7) improvement, betterment, advance - (a change for the better; progress in development)`
Super-classes	Change^c
Sub-classes	FoodPreparationChange^c

ImprovementEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImprovementEvent`
Description	COSMO note: an ImprovementEvent is classified as such from the point of view of anyone who considers his/her situation, or the value of some object, to have improved (become 'better' in some respect). This included transitive and intransitive uses; the intransitive event that results from this is a ''GettingBetter''.. This differs from the Cyc definition. Improvements can occur without the participation of the beneficiary, such as EconomicImprovement. Every ImprovementEvent should cause some kind of Improvement, but the kinds of Improvement are diverse, and it is not convenient to attempt to reify every one, so the restriction included here does not require that an instance of 'Improvement' be specified.. However, the second restriction does require that the thing improved must be specified. NOTE: after an Improvement, the thing improved should be better (for some purpose) - uses ''Improved'' to express this. "gettingbetter" Cyc: The collection of actions in which something is improved by being changed. The improvement is from the point of view of the performer. Corresponds to part of transitive verb sense 1 of 'improve' in WN (the part that has an Event doing the improving), and noun sense 1 of 'improvement'. For use of the verb 'improve' where an agent is the subject, use the relation 'causedToBe': in WordNet: 1. (66) better, improve, amend, ameliorate, meliorate - (to make better; 'The editor improved the manuscript with his changes') 2. (12) better, improve, ameliorate, meliorate - (get better; 'The weather improved toward evening') WN noun 'improvement': 1. (8) improvement - (the act of improving something; 'their improvements increased the value of the property')
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	improves^op some owl:Thing^c causedChange^op only (Improvement^c or GettingBetter^c or DifferenceType^c) causes^op value GettingBetter^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Improved^c
Sub-classes	CleaningEvent^c Easing^c ManagementEvent^c CorrectingBehavior^c Correcting^c HealingEvent^c Enriching^c Recovering^c EconomicDevelopmentEvent^c Manufacturing^c Organizing^c Purifying^c Redevelopment^c Learning^c RevitalizingaPerson^c ImprovingFunctionality^c MakingSomethingBySewing^c Reforming^c Beautifying^c MakingaGain^c Regaining^c Revamping^c Marinating^c PreparingFoodOrDrink^c RefiningAnAction^c CivilizingaCulture^c MakingSomethingAtHome^c Editing^c Enhancement^c PlasticSurgery^c RepairingEvent^c ChangingAnAgentsAction^c Revitalization^c CombingSomething^c PerfectingSomething^c MentalDevelopment^c EnhancingAppearance^c RestoringEvent^c Relieving^c

Improving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Improving`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'improving' in Wordnet: 1. improving, up - (getting higher or more vigorous; 'its an up market'; 'an improving economy')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ImprovingFunctionality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ImprovingFunctionality`
Description	''ImprovingFunctionality'' is the Action in which a Person (or persons) performs improves him/herself, in any manner.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c EnhancingSomething^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Better^c causesIncreaseIn^op value Functionality^c

Improvising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Improvising`
Description	This sense of ''Improvising'' may be used in a transitive sense, as in 'improvising a bookshelf with bricks and boards'. `An 'improvising' action is ''Unplanned'' in the sense of not being the execution of a ''Plan'' made before the task was undertaken. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'improvise' in WordNet: 2. improvise, extemporize - (manage in a makeshift way; do with whatever is at hand; 'after the hurricane destroyed our house, we had to improvise for weeks') WN noun 'improvisation': 2. improvisation, temporary expedient - (an unplanned expedient)`
Super-classes	CopingWithaSituation^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasAttribute^op value Unplanned^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Makeshift^c

Imprudent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Imprudent

Description

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imprudent' in Wordnet:
     1. imprudent - (not prudent or wise; 'very imprudent of her mother 
        to encourage her in such silly romantic ideas';  'would be imprudent 
        for a noneconomist to talk about the details of economic policy'- A.M.Schlesinger)
     2. imprudent - (lacking wise self-restraint; 'an imprudent remark')

Super-classes Unwise^c

Impudence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impudence`
Description	''Impudence'' is an intensive degree of ''Rudeness'' a quality of a Person who is not only ''Rude''. 'Impudence' is the trait of someone who has an exaggerated form of 'Confidence' that allows a person to take actions in spite of likely disapproval of others, or of social norms. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'impudence' in WordNet: 2. crust, gall, impertinence, impudence, insolence, cheekiness, freshness - (the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties) WN adjective 'brashness' - neither sense is quite the same as intended here; WN sense 1 is 'showy' and sense 2 approximates 'rash'; but this COSMO sense WN means indifference to potential offense others might take: 2. brashness - (the trait of being rash and hasty)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c Rudeness^c PersonalityTrait^c SelfConfidence^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Impudent^c isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Brazen^c
Sub-classes	Nerviness^c

Impudent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impudent

Description

'Impudent' is a more intense form of 'Rude' that includes disrespect. The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Impudence''.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impudent' in Wordnet:
     1. (2) impudent, insolent, snotty-nosed, flip - (marked by casual disrespect;
        'a flip answer to serious question'; 'the student was kept in
         for impudent behavior')
     2. (1) fresh, impertinent, impudent, overbold, smart, saucy, sassy, wise -
        (improperly forward or bold; 'don't be fresh with me'; 
        'impertinent of a child to lecture a grownup'; 
        'an impudent boy given to insulting strangers'; 'Don't get wise with me!')
    WN adjective 'brash':
      1. (1) brash, cheeky, nervy - (offensively bold; 'a brash newcomer disputed 
         the age-old rules for admission to the club'; 'a nervy thing to say')

Super-classes Confident^c
Rude^c

Impure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impure`
Description	'Impure' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalSubstances `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impure' in Wordnet: 1. (1) impure - (combined with extraneous elements)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Contaminated^c

Impurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Impurity`
Description	An impurity is any undesirable substance that is a constituent of another substance or object, or attached to or otherwise contained in an object. The substance or object without the impurity must have a name of its own - one cannot describe an impurity unless one can say what the pure(r) substance or Object would be. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impurity' in Wordnet: 1. (9) impurity, dross - (worthless or dangerous material that should be removed; 'there were impurities in the water')`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c UndesirableThing^c
Sub-classes	Grime^c Contaminant^c

In-Depth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#In-Depth

Description

''In-Depth'' characterizes studies or expositions that cover more than just the most evident part of a Topic or issue, looking for details not evident from a brief or casual ('shallow') investigation.

       RHW adj 'in-depth':
          1.  extensive, thorough, or profound: an in-depth analysis of the problem.

Super-classes Extensive^c

In-House^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#In-House`
Description	Not Wn synset for this concept. RHW 'in-house': within, conducted within, or utilizing an organization's own staff or resources rather than external or nonstaff facilities: in-house research; Was the ad created in-house or by an outside advertising agency?
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

In-HouseOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#In-HouseOperation`
Description	An ''In-HouseOperation'' is an 'OrganizationAction' that is performed by an Organization's own ''WorkForce'' and/or within an Organization's own facilities.
Super-classes	OrganizationAction^c Operation^c PerformingSomeAction^c PlannedAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value WorkForce^c

InAnEmotionalManner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InAnEmotionalManner

Description

''InAnEmotionalManner'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions, expressed linguistically as 'emotionally', that indicates that the manner of performing the action modified gave evidence of a strong ''EmotionalState'' in the actor.

     Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'emotionally' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) emotionally - (in an emotional manner; 
                'at the funeral he spoke emotionally')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

InDarkness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InDarkness`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'in darkness' in Wordnet: 1. darkly, in darkness - (without light; 'the river was sliding darkly under the mist')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

InFavor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InFavor

Description

'InFavor' is an AttributeValue of a Person who prefers one choice over another.

      In WN only 'pro' seems to represent the attribute of preferring
        (being in favor) of some choice or alternative.  But
        in phrases such as 'be in favor' it functions as an adjective.
        Some of those synonyms of adverbial 'in favor' are included here.
     in WordNet:
       WN adverb 'in favor':
         1. pro, in favor of, in favor, in favour of, in favour -
           (favoring a proposition, opinion, etc.)
       WN adjective sense 1 of 'pro':
           1. (5) pro - (in favor of (an action or proposal etc.); 'a pro vote')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InFocus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InFocus`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'focused' in Wordnet: 2. focused, focussed - (being in focus or brought into focus)`
Super-classes	Distinct^c

InFrontOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InFrontOfSomething`
Description	''InFrontOfSomething'' is a ''Proximity'' (a ''Nearby'' place) that refers to two objects that are near each other (relatively or by some measure). `used in phrases such as 'in front of' and 'in the presence of' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'front' in WordNet: 1. (599) presence, front - (the immediate proximity of someone or something; 'she blushed in his presence'; 'he sensed the presence of danger'; 'he was well behaved in front of company')`
Super-classes	Proximity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nearby^c
Sub-classes	FrontLine^c

InLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InLaw`
Description	An ''InLaw'' is a ''Kinsman'' who is related by marriage to a brother or sister, including half-brothers or half-sisters. ''InLaw''s do not have common parents or grandparents with the reference Person. The children of the marriage of a sibling with an InLaw is not an InLaw, as that Person will be biologically related to the reference Person. `NOT: isaBiologicalRelativeOf Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'in-law' in WordNet: 1. in-law, relative-in-law - (a relative by marriage)`
Super-classes	Kinsman^c
Restrictions	isaSiblingOf^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	MotherInLaw^c BrotherInLaw^c SonInLaw^c FatherInLaw^c SisterInLaw^c

InLineSkate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InLineSkate`
Description	An ''InLineSkate'' is a type of ''Skate' having a single line of rollers rather than two lines with two rollers each as in a traditional ''RollerSkate''. `NOTE: WN does not have this as a subtype of ''RollerSkate'', but of ''Skate''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'in-line skate' in WordNet: 1. in-line skate - (a shoe with a line of rollers fixed to the sole)`
Super-classes	Skate^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value RollerWheel^c isUsedInAction^op value Rollerblading^c
Sub-classes	Rollerblade^c

InMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InMotion`
Description	'InMotion' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is the main participant in a Motion Event. NOTE that something that is 'InMotion' must move at some time during the TimeInterval referenced, but does not have to be moving at every time point in that interval. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'moving' in WordNet: 1. (9) moving - (in motion; 'a constantly moving crowd'; 'the moving parts of the machine')`
Super-classes	MotionAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Sliding^c Warring^c Rotating^c

InPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InPerson`
Description	`Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'in person' in Wordnet: 1. (1) in-person, in the flesh - (an appearance carried out personally in someone else's physical presence; 'he carried out the negotiations in person'; 'a personal appearance is an appearance by a person in the flesh')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Firsthand^c

InPersonConversation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InPersonConversation`
Description	A Conversation carried out in oral speech by agents who are within hearing distance of each other, without the assistance of devices to transmit voice.
Super-classes	OralConversation^c

InSitu^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InSitu

Description

''InSitu'' is the AttributeValue of some ''PhysicalObject'' that is still in its original place,whether in an Organism or in or on the ground,(e.g. mineral deposits (see ''Lode'') or plants) or (for ArtifactObjects that were found by a searcher) wherever it may be found.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'in situ' in Wordnet:
       1. in-situ, unmoved - (being in the original position; not having been moved;
          'the archeologists could date the vase because it was in-situ';
           'an in-situ investigator')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InSoFar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InSoFar

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'insofar' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) insofar, in so far, so far, to that extent, to that degree -
              (to the degree or extent that; "insofar as it can be ascertained, the horse lung
                is comparable to that of man"; "so far as it is reasonably practical he should practice restraint")

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

InTwoWays^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InTwoWays`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'in two ways' in WordNet: 1. doubly, in two ways - (in a twofold manner; 'he was doubly wrong')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c AdverbialModifier^c

InUse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InUse

Description

InUse is an attribute of a Device that is not available for use because it is being used already. This includes seats and other spaces provided by artifacts that are occupied.

      When one gets a 'busy' signal on a telephone line, the
      phone being called is 'InUse'.

      For 'occupied meaning that an *agent* is busy with some activity,
        see ''Busy''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'busy' and sense 1 of 'in use' in WordNet:
      WN adj 'busy':
        5. busy, engaged, in use - ((of facilities such as telephones
          or lavatories) unavailable for use by anyone else or 
          indicating unavailability; ('engaged' is a British term for 
          a busy telephone line); 'her line is busy'; 'receptionists' 
          telephones are always engaged'; 'the lavatory is in use'; 
          'kept getting a busy signal')
      WN adj 'occupied':
        1. (4) occupied - (held or filled or in use; 
             'she keeps her time well occupied'; 'the wc is occupied')

Super-classes Unavailable^c

InUtero^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InUtero`
Description	''InUtero'' is the attribute of an Animal that is in an Embryonic'' or ''Fetal'' stage of development, and has not experienced a ''BirthEvent''. `NOTE: the term ''Unborn'' is used in COSMO as a label for animals (especially people) who have not experiened a ''BirthEvent'' but includes those who have not yet been conceived. See ''Unborn''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'in utero' in WordNet: 1. in utero - (in the uterus; 'the child was infected in utero from the mother')`
Super-classes	BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute^c Unborn^c
Sub-classes	Fetal^c Embryonic^c

InaLeaningOrientation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InaLeaningOrientation

Description

The attribute of a PhysicalObject that normally has an upright (relatively vertical) orientation, but is, when it has this attributeValue, deviating from the vertical. The deviation can be temporary or long-lasting..

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leaning' in WordNet:
      1. (1) atilt, canted, leaning, tilted, tipped - (departing or being 
      caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal;
      'the leaning tower of Pisa'; 'the headstones were tilted')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InaSense^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InaSense

Description

''InaSense'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes an assertion or attribute to specify that the assertion or attribute applies to some aspect of the thing characterized.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'in a sense' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) in a sense, in a way - (in some respects; 
              'in a sense, language is like math')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Inability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inability`
Description	'Inability' is a Limitation on being able to do something because the Agent does not the internal physical or mental ability to do that Action, even though there is no external restraint applied (for external restraints, see 'Restraint'). There are two parts to a 'Inability' 1. The type of inability, expressed as the thing that is missing : Rule or Condition that causes the constraint; a Restraint is an externally imposed Limitation, as contrasted with an internal Limitation, which can include an internal inability due simply to lack of physical capability for some Action. The Rule can be a LawOfNature - an inability to do something due to a physical impossiblity. This includes, e.g. an inability of individual people to jump more than a certain height. 2. The type of restraint: a law, parental rule, law of nature, or even a moral inhibition. 3. The Action which one is unable to perform. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'inability' in Wordnet: 1. (5) inability - (lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something) 2. inability, unfitness - (lacking the power to perform)`
Super-classes	Limitation^c LackingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Incompetence^c Inefficiency^c

InabilityToWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InabilityToWork`
Description	A ''InabilityToWork'' is a ''Disability'' that makes it difficult or impossible for a Person to hold a job that can provide enough funds to at live at a minimal survival level.
Super-classes	Disability^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c hinders^op value JobSituation^c

Inaccessible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inaccessible

Description

'Inaccessible'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of Objects and locations that can not be 'reached' , either because there is no ''AccessiblePath'' (for locations) or beause there is no means to obtain it (for Objects, physical or abstract). Being clos but 'out of reach' of one individual is not an example

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inaccessible' in WordNet:
              1. inaccessible, unaccessible - 
                (capable of being reached only with great difficulty or not at all)

Super-classes Unavailable^c

Inaccurate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inaccurate

Description

''Inaccurate'' is the property of some assertion not conforming as closely as possible to the actual state of the world (or context) that is being represented: of images, recordings, and measurements.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inaccurate' in WordNet:
           1. (2) inaccurate - (not accurate; 'an inaccurate translation'; 'the thermometer is inaccurate')

Super-classes NonConforming^c
Bad^c

Inaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inaction`
Description	''Inaction'' is a ''StayingInaState'' (PersistentState) that is an ''Action'' (has some agent performing the ''Inaction'') in which the agent does nothing (usually from some range of possible actions) so that some situation continues for some time as it was at the beginning. This type of ''Action'' may be intentional or unintentional. Also called ''doing nothing'' or 'do nothing' - not to be confused with a 'do-nothing' which is a person who habitually does little or nothing (compared to others). Not the same as 'idleness' - this type represents a deliberate choice where Options are presented.. NOTE: one should specify the possible ''Action''s as an instance of ''Options'' and point to that as what is 'not done'. Scene from ':Lawrence of Arabia': 'We can't just do nothing'. - Lieutenant 'Why not? it's usually best.' - General Allenby Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inaction' in WordNet: 1. (1) inaction, inactivity, inactiveness - (the state of being inactive)
Super-classes	Action^c DidNotHappenEvent^c StayingInaState^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op some Options^c
Sub-classes	NotBeingPerformed^c Inactivity^c NeglectingSomething^c SkippingOverSomething^c Delaying^c

Inactivating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inactivating`
Description	''Inactivating'' applies broadly to things that can be ''Active''. in some sense, such as animals, parts of ''Organism''s, abstract policies, ''Device''s (including time bombs), or natural objects (such as volcanoes or geysers). This can cause something to be ''INactive'' permanently or temporarily. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'inactivate' in WordNet: 2. inactivate, deactivate - (make inactive; 'they deactivated the file')`
Super-classes	WorseningEvent^c Modification^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value PhysicalObject^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Inactive^c
Sub-classes	DefusingAnExplosive^c ParalyzingAnOperation^c Paralyzing^c

Inactive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inactive`
Description	''Inactive'' (Passive) is an attribute in contrast to ''Active'', an attribute that predisposes to ''Inaction'' rather than ''Action''. This is broad and applies to many things that can be 'active' in some sense, such as animals, parts of Organisms, abstract policies, ''Device''s, or natural objects (such as volcanoes or geysers or bodies of water or Air). This can apply to permanent or temporary situations. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'passive' in Wordnet: 1. (5) passive, inactive - (lacking in energy or will; 'Much benevolence of the passive order may be traced to a disinclination to inflict pain upon oneself'- George Meredith)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Inaction^c
Sub-classes	Stagnant^c ChemicallyNeutral^c

Inactiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inactiveness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inactiveness' in WordNet: 2. inactiveness, inactivity, inertia - (a disposition to remain inactive or inert; 'he had to overcome his inertia and get back to work')`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Inactive^c

Inactivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inactivity`
Description	An ''Inactivity'' is an ''Inaction'' performed by some ''Person'' or ''GroupOfPeople''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'inactivity' in WordNet: 3. inactivity - (being inactive; being less active)`
Super-classes	Inaction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	PurposefulInaction^c ForgoingSomething^c

Inadequate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inadequate`
Description	Not meeting requirements (qualitative or quantitative) to accomplish a goal. For quantities to small for requirements, use the subtype ''Insufficient''. This can beussed for quantitative insufficiency if the purpose is vague or general,rather than relative to a specific task. 'inadequate income' `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inadequate' in Wordnet: 1. (14) inadequate - ((sometimes followed by 'to') not meeting the requirements especially of a task; 'inadequate training'; 'the staff was inadequate'; 'she was inadequate to the job')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unfit^c

Inadvertent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inadvertent

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inadvertent' in Wordnet:
        1. accidental, inadvertent - (without intention (especially resulting from
           heedless action); 'with an inadvertent gesture she swept the vase off the table';
           'accidental poisoning'; 'an accidental shooting')

Super-classes Unintended^c

Inadvertently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inadvertently

Description

''Inadvertently'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes a ''HumanActivity'' that

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inadvertently' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) unwittingly, inadvertently, unknowingly -
            (without knowledge or intention; 'he unwittingly deleted the references')

Super-classes Unintentionally^c

Inadvisable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inadvisable

Description

''Inadvisable'' is the attribute of something that is not the object (patient) of a ''Suggesting'' action, and may have been deprecated (the object of a suggestion that it not be done).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inadvisable' in WordNet:
          1. (1) inadvisable, unadvisable - (not prudent or wise; not recommended; 
              'running on the ice is inadvisable')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Inanimate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inanimate

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inanimate' in WordNet:
      2. inanimate, nonliving, non-living, dead - (not endowed with life; 
         'the inorganic world is inanimate'; 'inanimate objects'; 'dead stones')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InanimateObject-Natural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InanimateObject-Natural`
Description	CYC: A collection of natural (i.e. not man-made) objects. It is a subclass of #$InanimateThing-Natural, distinguished from it mainly by only having subclasses which are existing object-types. Thus, #$CelestialObject would be a subclass of this collection, but #$Dirt would not.
Super-classes	InanimateThing-Natural^c
Sub-classes	StormAsObject^c Sea^c PrecipitationParticle^c Fossil^c DynamicObject^c CirrusCloud^c DustDevil^c Stream^c Sediment^c GallStone^c StoneObject-Natural^c

InanimateThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InanimateThing`
Description	Anything that is ''Inanimate'' (as opposed to ''Animate''). This is true of all Flluids and all inrganic objects and substances. CYC: A subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$InanimateThing is an (at least partly) tangible thing that is not currently a living structure. Things that were never alive, dead organisms, and dead (or completely non-functioning) organism parts are included in this collection. Examples: #$YaleUniversity, a piece of #$Meat, a dead armadillo, the #$StatueOfLiberty, and a pile of #$Sawdust. Two important specializations of this collection are #$InanimateThing-Natural and #$InanimateThing-NonNatural.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inanimate^c
Sub-classes	LandArea^c CrystallineObject^c FluidObject^c ExanimateThing^c MineralVein^c InanimateThing-NonNatural^c InorganicMaterial^c InanimateThing-Natural^c LandTopographicalFeature-Generic^c

InanimateThing-Natural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InanimateThing-Natural`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc and COSMO this can be a substance. For natural objects (animate or inanimate) in their natural place, see 'NaturalObjectInSitu'. For inorganic substances see 'InorganicMaterial'. `Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$InanimateThing-Natural is an #$InanimateThing that was not created by an #$Agent in a #$PurposefulAction. Thus, the #$MoonOfEarth, human #$Sweat staining a shirt, and most footprints left by people in the snow belong to this collection, but wood chips left around a tree being chopped down, tailings left from a mine, and the #$ArcDeTriomphe do not.`
Super-classes	InanimateThing^c ExanimateThing^c
Sub-classes	InanimateObject-Natural^c

InanimateThing-NonNatural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InanimateThing-NonNatural`
Description	CYC: A collection of tangible things. An instance of #$InanimateThing-NonNatural is a tangible which was created during a #$PurposefulAction by an #$Agent (or a group of #$Agents working together) whether or not that creation was intended. If the creation was intended the thing created is an instance of the more specific collection, #$Artifact. Let's consider some positive and negative examples. In addition to the obvious human #$Artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), this collection includes #$Artifacts made by #$NonPersonAnimals, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams. By-products (see #$byProducts) of #$PurposefulActions, such as wood chips created when chopping down a tree and slag created when obtaining metal from #$MineralOre, are instances of #$InanimateThing-NonNatural but not of #$Artifact. For more details on what is included in the concept #$Artifact, examine its comment. Negative examples include bodily excretions (see #$ExcretionSubstance), most instances of tracks made while walking through mud or snow (both being instances of #$InanimateThing-Natural, and spoken words (being intangible)
Super-classes	NonNaturalThing^c InanimateThing^c
Sub-classes	PathArtifactSystem^c

Inattention^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inattention`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inattention' in WordNet: 1. inattention - (lack of attention)`
Super-classes	BasicCognitiveProcess^c Absence^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value PayingAttention^c

Inattentive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inattentive

Description

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inattentive' in Wordnet:
         1. inattentive - (showing a lack of attention or care; 'inattentive students';
            'an inattentive babysitter')
         2. inattentive, neglectful - (not showing due care or attention; 'inattentive students'; 
            'an inattentive babysitter'; 'neglectful parents')
       WN adj 'distracted':
         2. distracted, distrait - (having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety)

Super-classes Awake^c

Inaudible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inaudible

Description

''Inaudible'' is the attribute of something, that cannot be heard by a Person. This attribute can be temporary, as when some sound is so far away so as to be too faint to hear, or it can be an inherant attribute, as of sounds above the audible range (''Ultrasound''). These two types of inaudibility should be distinguished with subtypes.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inaudible' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) inaudible, unhearable - (impossible to hear; imperceptible by the ear; 
               'an inaudible conversation')

Super-classes Imperceptible^c

Inauguration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inauguration`
Description	CYC: The subcollection of #$InitiationCeremony in which an official in some organization is formally inducted into office. RHW 'inaugurate': 2. to induct into office with formal ceremonies; install. No WN sense of 'inaugurate' fits this concept. NOTE: parent ''VestingWithAuthority'' might be viewed as a subEvent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inauguration' in WordNet: 2. inauguration, inaugural - (the ceremonial induction into a position; 'the new president obviously enjoyed his inauguration') WN verb 'install': 2. (1) install - (put into an office or a position; 'the new president was installed immediately after the election')
Super-classes	VestingWithAuthority^c InitiationCeremony^c
Sub-classes	Enthroning^c

Inauspicious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inauspicious`
Description	''Inauspicious'' is an AttributeValue of Events or Objects that appear to be a sign of bad things to come, or present impediments to achieving a desired state or goal. `Includes senses 4 and 6 of 'harmful' in WordNet: 4. disadvantageous, harmful - (constituting a disadvantage) 5. adverse, harmful, inauspicious, untoward - (contrary to your interests or welfare; 'adverse circumstances'; 'made a place for themselves under the most untoward conditions') WN adj 'unfavorable': 1. (2) unfavorable, unfavourable - (not encouraging or approving or pleasing; 'unfavorable conditions'; 'an unfavorable comparison'; 'unfavorable comments', 'unfavorable impression')`
Super-classes	Unhelpful^c Salient^c Harmful^c Bad^c
Sub-classes	Unfavorable^c

Incalculable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incalculable

Description

''Incalculable'' is the AttributeValue of something that cannot be calculated or computed.

       NOTE: the sense of 'incalculable'  meaning 'extremely large' is
         represented as ''Countless''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incalculable' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) incalculable - (not capable of being computed or enumerated)

Super-classes Tough^c

Incandescence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incandescence`
Description	''Incandescence''is a ''ShiningLight' Event in which the the light is caused by the emission from a hot body due to its high temperature, as with metal objects or molten steel.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incandescence' in WordNet: 1. incandescence, glow - (the phenomenon of light emission by a body as its temperature is raised)`
Super-classes	ShiningLight^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value GlowingHotObject^c

Incandescent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incandescent

Description

''Incandescent'' is theattribute of something ''Glowing'' due to being hot.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incandescent' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) incandescent, candent - (emitting light as a result of being heated;
             'an incandescent bulb')

Super-classes Glowing^c
Hot^c

Incapacitated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incapacitated

Description

'Incapacitated'' is being so severely ''Disabled'' that one is unable to function at all or without asistance.

    CYC: Severely injured to the point of losing most capabilities.

    Note: 'helpless with laughter' is metaphorical and not the literal
      meaning.
    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incapacitated' in Wordnet:
      1. helpless, incapacitated - (lacking in or deprived of strength or power;
         'lying ill and helpless'; 'helpless with laughter')
    WN adj 'helpless':
      3. (1) helpless - (unable to manage independently; 'as helpless as a baby')

Super-classes Disabled^c

Incautious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incautious`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incautious' in Wordnet: 1. incautious - (lacking in caution; 'an incautious remark'; 'incautious talk')`
Super-classes	Unwise^c

Incendiary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incendiary

Description

'''Incendiary'' is highly flammable.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'incendiary' in Wordnet:
        3. incendiary - (capable of catching fire spontaneously 
           or causing fires or burning readily; 'an incendiary agent'; 'incendiary bombs')

Super-classes Flammable^c

Incense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incense`
Description	A type of 'Gum' that produces a plesant fragrance when its dried powdered form is burned. `RHW sense 1: an aromatic gum or other substance producing a sweet odor when burned, used in religious ceremonies, to enhance a mood, etc. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'incense' in WordNet, but restricted to incense derived from a 'Gum': in WordNet: 1. (1) incense - (a substance that produces a fragrant odor when burned)`
Super-classes	Gum^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BurningIncense^c

Incentive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incentive`
Description	an ''Incentive'' is a ''RationaleForAction'' (a ''Motive'') that refers to a ''FutureSituation'' that is a ''GoodThing'' (something ''Desirable'') thereby motivating an Action that will bring about the referenced FutureSituation. `For a negative incentive see ''Disincentive''. An ''Incentive''may be offered by another agent as an inducement to perform some specific actions or (in business) to advance some business goal by any means. Business 'incentives' (e.g. stock options) would be subtypes. The 'IncentivizingPromisedAction' is a 'GoalSituation' Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'incentive' in WordNet: 1. (5) incentive, inducement, motivator - (a positive motivational influence)`
Super-classes	RationaleForAction^c GoodThing^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some IncentivizingPromisedAction^c refersToExternalEntity^op some GoalSituation^c

IncentivizingPromise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncentivizingPromise`
Description	An ''IncentivizingPromise'' is a ''Promise'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'') to perform some desirable (or undesirable) Action contingent on performance of some Actions by the Agent to whom the promise is made. Such a Promise is made with the intention of creating a ''RationaleForAction'' (a Motive for another agent to perform (or refrain from) some Action). `NOTE that a ''Directive'' (among other things) can create such a Promise.`
Super-classes	Promise^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some IncentivizingPromisedAction^c produces^op some RationaleForAction^c

IncentivizingPromisedAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncentivizingPromisedAction`
Description	A ''IncentivizingPromisedAction'' is a ''FutureSituation'' that can create an Incentive or Disincentive for an agent to perform some Action.
Super-classes	PromisedAction^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op value Incentive^c

Incest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incest`
Description	CYC: Acts of #$SexualCopulation between persons who are closely related by blood. The legal definition includes persons who are so closely related that they are forbidden to marry. Many instances of #$Incest are also instances of #$Rape. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incest' in WordNet: 1. incest - (sexual intercourse between persons too closely related to marry (as between a parent and a child))`
Super-classes	HumanSexualIntercourse^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value TwoCloseRelatives^c

Inch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inch

Description

English length unit equal to 1 inch.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inch' in WordNet:
     1. (57) inch, in - (a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot)

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

InchMercury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InchMercury`
Description	InchMercury is a UnitOfMeasure for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of inches of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the surrounding air pressure.
Super-classes	PressureMeasure^c

IncidenceRate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncidenceRate

Description

''IncidenceRate'' is a measure of the number of Events of a particular time that occur within some time interval.

      NOTE that 'incidence' also has themeaning of one occurrece, so
        the term 'incidence rate' has the same meaning as this type.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incidence' in WordNet:
          1. (5) incidence, relative incidence - 
               (the relative frequency of occurrence of something)

Super-classes RateMeasure^c

Incinerating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incinerating`
Description	''Incinerating'' is a ''CausingaChemicalChange'' that causes a ''ChemicalDecomposition'' produced by intense heat, producing residual non volatile and incombustible material. If the thing incinerated is organic, 'ashes' are a typical product. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'incinerate'; this can be used for causing any kind of chemical change, not just combustion - in WordNet: 2. burn, incinerate - (cause to undergo combustion; 'burn garbage'; 'The car burns only Diesel oil')`
Super-classes	CausingaChemicalChange^c Combustion^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value ChemicalDecomposition^c
Sub-classes	Cremating^c

Incising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incising`
Description	''Incising'' is an Action cutting partway into the surface of a SolidObject. This includes cutting into the Skin of an animal for medical treatent, and cutting into a block of Wood to make a woodcarving, and making a ''Notch'' in some solid object,usually Wooden.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incise' in WordNet: 1. (1) incise - (make an incision into by carving or cutting)`
Super-classes	PiercingSomething^c CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Incision^c

Incision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incision`
Description	A ''Incision'' is a ''DepressionOnObject'' that is small, long,and narrow, and smooth-edged on the two sides, and produced by a ''CuttingEvent'' similar to a 'SurgicalIncision'' Event. An ''Incision'' differs from a ''Cut'' in penetrating thrugh the skin to the tissue beneath the skin,making an ''Opening'' through the skin to the inside. `Corresponds to only part of noun sense 1 of 'incision' (no scratch or dent) in WordNet: 1. incision, scratch, prick, slit, dent - (a depression scratched or carved into a surface)`
Super-classes	LineOnaSurface^c Cut^c Opening^c DepressionOnObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CuttingSomething^c

Incisive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incisive

Description

''Incisive'' is the attribute of a person or of a person's mind (intellect), where that person is better than average at recognizing distinctions and relations among things, and is able to describe these distinctions to others. This may be an aggregate attribute, but is not yet (v755) dissected into components.

  NOTE: the attribute of *using* fine distinctions in making
    choices is represented by ''Discriminating''.

  Also, 'keen intellect'      
  This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'keen',senses
    2 and 3 of 'discriminating', sense 1 of 'penetrating' and sense 1 of 'incisive' in Wordnet:
  WN 'keen' (adj)
  1. (3) acute, discriminating, incisive, keen, knifelike, penetrating,
       penetrative, piercing, sharp - (having or demonstrating ability
       to recognize or draw fine distinctions; 'an acute observer of 
       politics and politicians'; 'incisive comments'; 'icy knifelike reasoning';
       'as sharp and incisive as the stroke of a fang'; 'penetrating insight';
       'frequent penetrative observations')
   WN 'discriminating' (adj):
   2. discriminate, discriminating - (marked by the ability to see or make 
       fine distinctions; 'discriminate judgments'; 'discriminate people')

Super-classes Intelligent^c
Knowledgeable^c

Incitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incitive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incitive' in Wordnet: 1. incendiary, incitive, inflammatory, instigative, rabble-rousing, seditious - (arousing to action or rebellion)`
Super-classes	Harmful^c

Incline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incline`
Description	An Incline is the surface of a flat or almost flat artifact physical object (which may be part of another PhysicalObject) that is oriented on a slope (nether vertical nor horizontal) with respect to the Earth's surface (gravity). It may be supported only at both ends, or the surface layer on a sloping path firmly attached to the ground. This type includes slopes on geographical surfaces as a subtype, and includes slopes that do not point in only one horizontal direction - mountains and hills are subtypes of this type, so the surface of a cone would be an 'Incline'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'incline' in WordNet; this type is not necessarily an artifact. in WordNet: 2. (1) ramp, incline - - (an inclined surface connecting two levels)`
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c
Sub-classes	Slope-Topographical^c Ramp^c

Inclined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inclined`
Description	'Inclined' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that have at least one long dimension that is oriented neither Horizontal nor Vertical with respect to the Earth's surface. The degree of inclination can vary, and only needs to be perceptible for whatever purpose is intended. `NOTE the 'disjopint' relations should be 'disjointAttribute' @ToDo: create disjointAttribute relation (for FOL version) Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inclined' in WordNet: 2. inclined - (at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position; 'an inclined plane')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Steep^c

Included^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Included

Description

''Included'' is an attribute of anything that came to be part of an aggregate in a ''IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate"'' action.

      Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'included' in Wordnet:
         1. included - (enclosed in the same envelope or package;
             'the included check')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

IncludingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncludingSomething`
Description	''IncludingSomething'' is a ''PersistentState'' that is an ''Action'' performed by something Object or Event, physical or Abstract) that can be viewed as 'including' or 'containing' something else. This concept is very broad, and is usually expressed linguistically by some 'contain' relation or (for Events) by 'hasSubEvent' or for Groups ''hasComponentElement''). `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'include' in WordNet: 1. (613) include - (have as a part, be made up out of; 'The list includes the names of many famous writers') 2. (47) include - (consider as part of something; 'I include you in the list of culprits')`
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c
Sub-classes	ContainingSomething^c

IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate`
Description	The Action involving adding something (abstract or concrete) to an aggregate of things. This is very general, and could involve abstract things (adding an item to a list, elements to a category) or concrete, such as Including a PhysicalObject in a Group of objects in a container. In the latter case, it may also be an instance of PuttingSomethingSomewhere, but not all instances of PuttingSomethingSomewhere create an aggregate, so that type is not a subtype of this one.. The Action of putting the first instance of something into an empty list or container is also an instance of this type, provided that the purpose is to add others to create an aggregate of more than one thing. The intention of an instance of this Action is to create a PluralThing, i.e. some aggregate with more than one object in it. This can also be used for the mental Action of arranging some entity in a mental grooup of entities: this would corespond to WN sense 2 of 'include'. NOTE, however, that this is an Action by an Agent, and the Thing included must be an Object - so that one cannot 'include' an Event in some series of Events, or an Attribute in some collection of Attributes. For describing sets of Events or Attributes, one may use 'hasPart' or 'hasComponentElement' This corresponds to sense 2 of 'include' in RHW: 2. to place in an aggregate, class, category, or the like. Ccrresponds to verb sense 3 of 'include' in WordNet: 3. (30) include - (add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category; 'We must include this chemical element in the group') WN noun 'inclusion': 4. inclusion - (the act of including)
Super-classes	AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or ObjectType^c or GroupType^c or SubstanceType^c or PluralThing^c or Group^c or Mixture^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Included^c produces^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or ObjectType^c or GroupType^c or SubstanceType^c or PluralThing^c or Group^c or Mixture^c)
Sub-classes	DubbingaMovie^c PunctuatingText^c ExtendingaDocument^c Clarifying^c ReplenishingaSupply^c

Inclusive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inclusive`
Description	''Inclusive'' is an attribute of some Group of things of a particular type that includes all or most of the values that that type can have. An 'inclusive list of the attendess' has all of the things that should be on that list - all of the persons who attended. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inclusive' in WordNet: 1. (2) inclusive - (including much or everything; and especially including stated limits; 'an inclusive art form'; 'an inclusive fee'; 'his concept of history is modern and inclusive'; 'from Monday to Friday inclusive')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Comprehensive^c Wide-Ranging^c

Incoherent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incoherent`
Description	''Incoherent'' is a subtype of ''Inconsistent''that applies to ''PropositionGroup's in which some of the assertions contradict some one or combination of the others. `Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'incoherent' applying to logical consistency, not fluency or perspicuity of expression) in WordNet: 1. (1) incoherent - (without logical or meaningful connection; 'a turgid incoherent presentation')`
Super-classes	Irrational^c Inconsistent^c
Sub-classes	Incomprehensible^c Nonsensical^c

Income^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Income`
Description	'Income' is the total of PaymentAmounts that are received in some particular time interval by some ''LegalAgent'' (for a Person use subtype ''Wage''), that are not offset by losses - this is the net income of a Person or business enterprise; it is the amount available for ''Expenditure''s. Its units are MoneyObject per TimeInterval. This can be a quantity for only one time interval (income in 2007) or, can represent a regular and recurring payment. Income can come from sources other than wages, so it is not a subtype of Wage. Because this is the net income, 'Wage' is not a subtype but a part of net Income. `For income of a Business use ''Revenue''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'income' in WordNet: 1. (45) income - (the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time)`
Super-classes	Group^c PeriodicPayment^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PaymentAmount^c hadBeneficiary^op only LegalAgent^c wasReceivedInAction^op only ReceivingMoney^c isTheResultOf^op only ReceivingMoney^c
Sub-classes	Revenue^c LivingIncome^c

Incoming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incoming`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incoming' in Wordnet: 1. (1) incoming - (arriving at a place or position; 'incoming class'; 'incoming mail'; 'the incoming president')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Incompatible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incompatible`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incompatible' in Wordnet: 1. (2) incompatible - (not compatible; 'incompatible personalities'; 'incompatible colors')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Clashing^c

Incompetence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incompetence`
Description	''Incompetence'' is an ''Inability'' to perform some specific task or set of related tasks, at some acceptable level. This does not mean that the task cannot be performed at all, just that it cannot be performed to normal or satisfactory quality. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incompetence' in WordNet: 1. (1) incompetence, incompetency - (lack of physical or intellectual ability or qualifications)`
Super-classes	Inability^c Quality^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value Competence^c contrastsWith^op value Competence^c

Incompetent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incompetent

Description

The property of people who are unable to perform some function. This depends on the context of the specific function that someone wants to perform, and is not an attribute describing a general lack of ability for multiple functions.

      Corresponds to adjective senses 4 of 'incompetent', applicable only
         to people:  in WordNet:
        WN 'incompetent':
          4. incapable, incompetent, unequal to - (not meeting requirements;
              'unequal to the demands put upon him')

Super-classes Worthless^c

IncompetentPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncompetentPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incompetent person' in WordNet: 1. incompetent, incompetent person - (someone who is not competent to take effective action)`
Super-classes	UnskilledPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Incompetent^c
Sub-classes	Slouch^c

IncompetentlyPerformed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncompetentlyPerformed

Description

'IncompetentlyPerformed' is the attribute of human actions that are ineffective or less effective that they should be or do unnecessary harm, apparently because of some lack of intelligence or expertise or care on the part of the person: doing the act. This is one common sense labeled by the term 'stupid' 'your stupid attempt to help caused more harm than good'. The term 'stupid' in 'stupid attempt' will usually have this meaning. This is an EvaluativeAttribute because it is always attributed to actions by some person who has evaluated that action (the evaluator may be the person who performed the action).

   This sense is close to sense 2 in RHW:
    'characterized by or proceeding from mental dullness; foolish;
    senseless: a stupid question.'

    There appears to be no single WordNet sense covering only this sense of 'stupid',
    though it may be part of sense 1
    in WordNet:
      1. (10) stupid - (lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity)

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

Incomplete^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incomplete`
Description	'Incomplete' is an attribute of an object or set of objects (but not an Event) that has some its normal parts missing; this includes ConceptualWorks like books whose creation is not yet fnished. A set of things that needs assembly is still 'Complete' if all the parts are on hand to be assembled, but a Device that is usually in functioning order and has some part missing so that it cannot function would be Incomplete. If all parts are present, but some are nonfunctional, the Device is still Complete. A set of objects for which some normal components are missing is 'Incomplete'. For Events that have not reached their end point, use 'StillInProgress' Includes parts of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'incomplete' and part of senses 1 and 2 of 'unfinished' and adj sense 1 of 'partial' in WordNet; however, the sense of 'unsuccessful' as in 'incomplete forward pass' is not included in WordNet: WN 'incomplete': 1. (9) incomplete, uncomplete - (not complete or total; not completed; 'an incomplete account of his life'; 'political consequences of incomplete military success'; 'an incomplete forward pass') 2. incomplete, uncompleted - (not yet finished; 'his thesis is still incomplete'; 'an uncompleted play') WN 'unfinished': 1. unfinished - (not brought to the desired final state) 2. unfinished - (not brought to an end or conclusion; 'unfinished business'; 'the building is still unfinished') WN adjective 'partial': 1. (9) partial - (being or affecting only a part; not total; 'a partial description of the suspect'; 'partial collapse'; 'a partial eclipse'; 'a partial monopoly'; 'partial immunity')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Sketchy^c

Incomprehensibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incomprehensibility`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incomprehensibility' in WordNet: 1. incomprehensibility - (the quality of being incomprehensible)`
Super-classes	Unclearness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Incomprehensible^c
Sub-classes	Obscureness^c

Incomprehensible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incomprehensible

Description

This is for assertions or speaking that seem to be linguistic but have no logically consistent meaning.

      The sense of 'Incomprehensible' meaning 'difficult to understand' 
            is represented by ''DifficultToUnderstand''.

      WN does not have a sense of 'incoherent' that fits this type:
         RHW 'incoherent':
          1.  without logical or meaningful connection; disjointed; 
                rambling: an incoherent sentence.
       Corresponds to  *part* of  sense 1 of 'meaningless' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) meaningless, nonmeaningful - (having no meaning or direction 
           or purpose; 'a meaningless endeavor'; 'a meaningless life'; 
           'a verbose but meaningless explanation')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c
Incoherent^c

Inconclusive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inconclusive

Description

''Inconclusive'' is the attribute of some argument or observation that does not remove all doubts about some assertion or theory.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inconclusive' (which can be distinguished when
           needed) in Wordnet:
           1. inconclusive - (not conclusive; not putting an end to doubt or question;
               'an inconclusive reply'; 'inconclusive evidence'; 'the inconclusive committee vote')
           2. inconclusive - (leading to no final results or outcome; 'an inconclusive experiment')

Super-classes Unconvincing^c

Inconsiderate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inconsiderate`
Description	''Inconsiderate'' is the quality of an Action in which a Person causes inconvenience to another person.in order to atend to hi/her own wishes, without thought or concern for the needs of others. oneself. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inconsiderate' in WordNet: 1. inconsiderate - (lacking regard for the rights or feelings of others; 'shockingly inconsiderate behavior')`
Super-classes	Selfish^c
Sub-classes	Nasty^c

Inconsistency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inconsistency`
Description	''Inconsistency'' is a ''Quality'' (''PersistentState') of two or more Assertions that are directly or indirectly 'Inconsistent'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inconsistency' in WordNet: 1. incompatibility, mutual exclusiveness, inconsistency, repugnance - (the relation between propositions that cannot both be true at the same time)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Inconsistent^c

Inconsistent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inconsistent`
Description	This sense of ''Inconsistent'' means logically inconsistent, and ''LogicallyContradictory'' (see that subtype = a quantitive measure of probability) It can be applied to two assertions to specify that they contradict each other. The subtype 'Incoherent'' is an AttributeValue of a set of assertions or propositions (e.g. a theory) in which some of the assertions contradict some one or combination of the others. `For the notion of 'inconsistent' meaning that some type of behavior is not predictably constant, use ''Unpredictable'' or its subtype ''Fluky''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inconsistent' in WordNet: 1. (1) inconsistent - (displaying a lack of consistency; 'inconsistent statements cannot both be true at the same time'; 'inconsistent with the roadmap')`
Super-classes	OpposedInMeaning^c
Sub-classes	LogicallyContradictory^c Incoherent^c

Inconspicuous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inconspicuous`
Description	Something ''Inconspicuous'' is an Object or Event present and ''Perceptible'' but not readily perceivable by any means of perception. It usually refers to something 'Visible', but not salient and easily overlooked in a casual glance. . It does not stand out from the background by sight or hearing. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'inconspicuous' in Wordnet (invisible is not a synonym, but a separate entry): in WordNet: 1. inconspicuous, invisible - (not prominent or readily noticeable; 'he pushed the string through an inconspicuous hole'; 'the invisible man')`
Super-classes	Unobvious^c
Sub-classes	Pernicious^c Unnoticeable^c Unobtrusive^c Invisible^c

Inconvenience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inconvenience`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inconvenience' in WordNet: 1. (1) inconvenience, incommodiousness - (an inconvenient discomfort)`
Super-classes	Discomfort^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Inconvenient^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Convenience^c

Inconvenienced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inconvenienced`
Description	''Inconvenienced'' is the attribute of a Person who was interrupted in performing some Action due to an Event requiring attention. `No WN adj sense for 'disturbed. This is`
Super-classes	Interrupted^c
Sub-classes	Disturbed^c

InconveniencingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InconveniencingaPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'inconvenience' in WordNet: 1. trouble, put out, inconvenience, disoblige, discommode, incommode, bother - (to cause inconvenience or discomfort to; 'Sorry to trouble you, but...')`
Super-classes	Interfering^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Action^c

Inconvenient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inconvenient`
Description	Not convenient. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inconvenient' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inconvenient - (not suited to your comfort, purpose or needs; 'it is inconvenient not to have a telephone in the kitchen'; 'the back hall is an inconvenient place for the telephone') 2. inconvenient - (not conveniently timed; 'an early departure is inconvenient for us')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Distant^c

Incorporating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incorporating`
Description	''Incorporating'' is an Action in which an Agent adds in some entity (Object or Substance or Information) to an existing Object or substance. `This is for the transitive action of 'incorporating' - adding something into something else. For the intranstive sense meaning 'X incorporates Y in its composition' see relations 'contains' , 'hasComponentElement', 'hasComponentSubstance'. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'incorporate' in WordNet: 1. (6) integrate, incorporate - (make into a whole or make part of a whole; 'She incorporated his suggestions into her proposal')`
Super-classes	Combining^c
Sub-classes	Incorporation-Physical^c Internalizing^c

Incorporation-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incorporation-Physical`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which an object or chunk of stuff comes to include, or acquire, or be joined to another object or chunk of stuff. If the additional object can be properly said to be a part of the entity into which it is incorporated, it is probably more appropriate to use #$AttachmentEvent or one of its specs. But incorporation is more general: for instance, an egg can be incorporated into a chunk of pizza dough, or a teaspoon of cream into a cup of coffee.
Super-classes	Incorporating^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	MixingSubstances^c

Incorrectly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incorrectly

Description

''Incorrectly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that it was not performed correctly, as it should have been to acomplish its intended purpose.

       Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'incorrectly' in Wordnet:
          1. falsely, incorrectly - (in an incorrect manner; 'to credit Lister with
             the first formulation of the basic principle of stratigraphy would be 
             to bestow credit falsely')
          2. incorrectly, wrongly, wrong - (in an incorrect manner; 'she guessed wrong')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Increase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Increase`
Description	Each 'Increase' is a 'Change' (subtype of 'Difference', an OrderedPair) in some Quantity, or some QuantitativeAttribute of a single Object, at some time compared to the same attribute at an earlier time. This is an AttributeValue. For the Event that produces this increase (difference in values), use 'IncreaseEvent' To express the amount by which some quantity has increased, one may take the mathematical difference of the 'after' and 'before' values in this 'increase'; this resulting difference is represented by 'NumericalIncrease'. Corresponds to sense 1 of noun 'increase' and sense 1 of 'gain' in WordNet: 1. (53) addition, increase, gain - (a quantity that is added; 'there was an addition to property taxes this year'; 'they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks') 4. (3) increase, increment - (the amount by which something increases; 'they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare')
Super-classes	Change^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value IncreaseEvent^c
Sub-classes	TemperatureIncrease^c WageIncrease^c

IncreaseEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncreaseEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Events the focal characteristic of which is a increase in some quantity. This is a Event; the actual difference in values caused by an IncreaseEvent is an attributeValue called 'Increase' (which see). NOTE: both transitive and intransitive sense are included here @ToDo the transitive and intransitive senses should be dissected. The subtype ''CausingAnIncrease'' is the transitive sense of verb 'increase' sense 2. Others? The thing increased is related by the ''causesIncreaseIn'' and The amount of increase can be specified as an instance of ''Increase'', a subtype of ''Difference'' related by the ''causedChange'' relation. The restriction requires specifying the 'Increase', which is a 'Change' which is represented by an OrderedPair of values in some Attribute; the Change is itself an Attribute. NOTE that what is increased can be of various types, so the relation ''causesIncreaseIn'' only has 'owl:#Thing' as its Object. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 (intransitive and transitive), and noun sense 2 of 'increase' and verb sense 1 of 'raise' and part of verb sense 2 of 'rise' and verb sense 2 of 'grow' noun senses 1, 5, 9, and 10 of 'rise' in WordNet: WN verb 'increase' 1. (107) increase - (become bigger or greater in amount; 'The amount of work increased') WN noun 'increase' 2. (25) increase - (a change resulting in an increase; 'the increase is scheduled for next month') WN 'raise' 1. (40) raise - (raise the level or amount of something; 'raise my salary'; 'raise the price of bread') WN verb 'rise': 2. (23) rise, go up, climb - (increase in value or to a higher point; 'prices climbed steeply'; 'the value of our house rose sharply last year') WN noun 'rise': 1. (9) rise - (a growth in strength or number or importance) 5. (1) raise, rise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase - (the amount a salary is increased; 'he got a 3% raise'; 'he got a wage hike') 9. rise, boost, hike, cost increase - - (an increase in cost; 'they asked for a 10% rise in rates') 10. advance, rise - - (increase in price or value; 'the news caused a general advance on the stock market')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	causedChange^op value Increase^c causesIncreaseIn^op some owl:Thing^c hasTheReverseEffectOf^op value DecreaseEvent^c
Sub-classes	Escalation^c ExtendingaTimeInterval^c RateIncrease^c Expanding^c CausingAnIncrease^c IncreaseInaQuantity^c Strengthening^c ExtendingaScope^c WaxingEvent^c Purifying^c Accreting^c GettingHotter^c Multiplying^c ReplenishingaSupply^c HeatingProcess^c IncreasingIntensity^c Thickening^c BecomingStronger^c GlobalWarming^c AddingEvent^c EnhancingSomething^c GrowingEvent^c DoublingEvent^c RaisingaValue^c Complicating^c Boosting^c EnergizingaPerson^c ElongatingEvent^c Overheating^c Widening^c HumidifyingAir^c AccruingByAddition^c ConcentratingaSubstance^c

IncreaseInaQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncreaseInaQuantity`
Description	An 'IncreaseInaQuantity' is an Event' in which some quantitative value increases. This is passive, the value itself is the agent, in contrast to ''RaisingaValue'' which is transitive. This is for observations of quantitative thins increasing : 'prices rose 5% this year'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'increase' in WordNet: 3. (14) increase, increment, growth - (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; 'the increase in unemployment'; 'the growth of population')`
Super-classes	Event^c IncreaseEvent^c
Sub-classes	Surge^c Accretion^c IncreasingaWage^c VolumeIncrease^c Lengthening^c

IncreaseType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncreaseType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of 'increase' as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	DifferenceType^c QuantitativeAttributeType^c
Members	TemperatureIncrease WageIncrease

Increased^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Increased

Description

''Increased'' is the attribute of something that experienced an ''IncreaseEvent'' - not necessarily measurable in quantities.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'increased' in Wordnet:
           1. (32) increased - (made greater in size or amount or degree)

Super-classes Changed^c

Increasing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Increasing`
Description	An attribute of AttributeValues or Quantities .whose magnitude is becoming higher. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'increasing' in Wordnet: 1. (14) increasing - (becoming greater or larger; 'increasing prices')`
Super-classes	Rising^c
Sub-classes	Waxing^c Growing^c Incremental^c

IncreasingIntensity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncreasingIntensity`
Description	''IncreasingIntensity'' is a ''ChangingIntensity'' in which the intensity of some measurable magnitude is increased.
Super-classes	ChangingIntensity^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Intensity^c
Sub-classes	Brightening^c

IncreasingaWage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncreasingaWage`
Description	A ''IncreasingaWage'' is an Event in which the ''Wage'' (pay, salary) of some Person or GroupOfPeople is increased. The WN gloss uses this as a 'quantity' that is the inrease, whereas this type represents the ''Event in which a ''Wage'' is increased. The terms used are similar. NOTE: for the actual quantitative change (represented as a ''Difference'' between before and after values) use ''WageIncrease'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wage hike' in WordNet: 1. raise, rise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase - (the amount a salary is increased; 'he got a 3% raise'; 'he got a wage hike')`
Super-classes	IncreaseInaQuantity^c RaisingaValue^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some WageIncrease^c causesIncreaseIn^op some Wage^c

Incredible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incredible

Description

''Incredible'' is a subtype of ''Amazing'' that produces feeling of or near disbelief at how unusual it is, or contradictory to common sense; this is also used to express doubt as to the veracity of an assertion; whether the feeling is doubt or amazement depends on the circumstances and the tone of the way the word is used.

          'the incredible Hulk' = amazement
          'incredible conspiracy theories' = doubt

    This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'':
          Unusual
          HighlyUnusual
          Extraordinary
          Amazing ( + Surprising + Incredible)
          Astounding

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incredible' in WordNet:
            1. (10) incredible, unbelievable - (beyond belief or understanding; 
            'at incredible speed'; 'the book's plot is simply incredible')

Super-classes Amazing^c

Incredibly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incredibly

Description

''Incredibly'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the adjective assertion it modifies is so unusual or intense that it seems to be ''Incredible''. This is often used as an intensifier for adjectives.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'incredibly' in WordNet:
           1. (5) incredibly, improbably, implausibly, unbelievably - 
             (not easy to believe; 'behind you the coastal hills plunge
             to the incredibly blue sea backed by the Turkish mountains')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Incredulous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incredulous

Description

''Incredulous'' is an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''Doubt'' (= a Feeling) about the truth of an Asertion.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incredulous' in WordNet:
       1. incredulous - (not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving)

Super-classes Skeptical^c

Incremental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incremental

Description

''Incremental'' is an attribute of Events in which some 'increase' in some atribute occurs in stages separated by intervals in which no increase is occurring. This characreizes stepwise increases - a stepwise decrease would be characterized by a different attribute.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incremental' in Wordnet:
           1. incremental - (increasing gradually by regular degrees or additions;
              'lecturers enjoy...steady incremental growth in salary')

Super-classes Stepwise^c
Increasing^c

Incumbent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incumbent

Description

An ''Incumbent'' is an ''OfficerInOrganization'' who currently holds that position.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incumbent' in WordNet:
           1. incumbent, officeholder - (the official who holds an office)

Super-classes OfficerInOrganization^c

IncumbentOn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncumbentOn

Description

''IncumbentOn'' is the attribute of an ''ObligedAction'', but linguistically the term following the phrase 'incumbent on' is the Person who has an obligation, with the full phrase 'incumbent on X' serving as an attribute modifying the Action that is obliged - which can come before or after the phrase. e.g. an alternative to the phrase in the gloss could be 'paying their own debts is incumbent on them'

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'incumbent' in Wordnet:
       2. incumbent - (necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility; morally binding;
           'it is incumbent on them to pay their own debts')

Super-classes Obligatory^c

Incurable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incurable

Description

''Incurable'' is an AttributeValue of an ''AilmentCondition'' that cannot be cured by treatment, or of a Person suffering from such a condition.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incurable' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) incurable - (incapable of being cured; 
           'an incurable disease'; 'an incurable addiction to smoking')

Super-classes Sick^c

Incurious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incurious`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incurious' in Wordnet: 1. incurious - (showing absence of intellectual inquisitiveness or natural curiosity; 'strangely incurious about the cause of the political upheaval surrounding them')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	ClosedMinded^c

IncurringAnInjury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncurringAnInjury`
Description	This represents both causing and suffering an injury. The transtive and intransitive senses should be distinguished. NOTE that 'killing' is not a subtype. @ToDo: Needs more detail. NOTE that the tranitive "Injuring" is for causing a Physical Injury. This may be used for transitive subtypes that inflict psychological damage. (e.g. ''Traumatizing''). CYC A collection of events. An instance of #$IncurringAnInjury is an event in which an animal becomes injured. In such events, the animal which is hurt is the #$bodilyActedOn in the event. The condition which results of an instance of #$IncurringAnInjury would be an instance of #$InjuryCondition (q.v.). Also see the comment on #$AilmentCondition. This is the in transitive sense of verb 'injure' (getting injured, injuring oneself): the transitive sense is sense 1 - only obliquely applicable to this Event see: Transitive sense in WordNet is ''Injuring'': 1. (12) injure, wound - (cause injuries or bodily harm to) Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'injury' in WordNet: 4. injury - (an act that injures someone)
Super-classes	IncurringPhysicalDamage^c SingleDoerAction^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	hadDamagedObject^op some Animal^c caused^op some InjuryCondition^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Injured^c
Sub-classes	CripplingEvent^c

IncurringDamage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncurringDamage`
Description	COSMO note: this type can be used both intransitively and transitively for interpretations of'to damage'. Specifically transitive uses that reference an Agent doing the damage should be instances of the subtype 'DamagingEvent'.: COSMO note: this includes psychological or financial damage. See the subtype 'HarmingAnAgent'. Cyc: A specialization of #$Event-Localized. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some sort of damage is incurred to an instance of #$SomethingExisting. Damage may be understood in functional terms as injury to organisms or impairment of usefulness or value of things owned or used in any way by them. (Note that for this reason not all instances of #$PhysicalDestructionEvent are instances of #$IncurringDamage). Examples include denting a car, the breaking of someone's leg, the defacing of a website and slander which negatively impacts someone's reputation. For cases where the thing damaged is a material thing (i.e. an instance of #$PartiallyTangible), or an agent, see the more specialized constants #$IncurringPhysicalDamage and #$HarmingAnAgent respectively. Corresponds to verb sense 1 (only verb sense) of 'damage' and sense 1 of 'harm' noun sense 3 of 'damage' in Wordnet: WN 'damage' (verb) 1. (12) damage - (inflict damage upon; 'The snow damaged the roof'; 'She damaged the car when she hit the tree') WN 'damage' (noun) 3. (1) damage, harm, hurt, scathe - (the act of damaging something or someone) WN 'harm' (verb) 1. (4) harm - (cause or do harm to; 'These pills won't harm your system')
Super-classes	WorseningEvent^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some PhysicalObject^c hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value ImprovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	DislocatingaBone^c HarmingAnAgent^c IncurringPhysicalDamage^c Traumatizing^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DestructionOfWorldTradeCenter20010911

IncurringPhysicalDamage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncurringPhysicalDamage`
Description	Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent and #$IncurringDamage. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some sort of physical damage is incurred to an organism or material object. Notable specializations include #$IncurringBodilyHarm, #$IncurringEquipmentDamage and #$DegenerationEvent. For cases where the damage incurred is so extensive that the thing is destroyed, see the more specialized #$PhysicalDestructionEvent. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and n9un sense 3 of 'damage' in WordNet: WN verb 'damage'1. (12) damage - (inflict damage upon; 'The snow damaged the roof'; 'She damaged the car when she hit the tree') WN noun 'damage': 3. (1) damage, harm, hurt, scathe - (the act of damaging something or someone)`
Super-classes	IncurringDamage^c
Restrictions	hadDamagedObject^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	IncurringAnInjury^c DamagingFlood^c Dilapidating^c Dirtying^c DamagingEvent^c SprainingaBodyPart^c BuildingFire^c Conflagration^c

IncurringaDebt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncurringaDebt`
Description	''IncurringaDebt'' is an ''AcceptingSomething'' in which the thing accepted is a ''ValuableThing'' such as a Service or an Object (Right, RhysicalObject, Loan of Monay) that was transfered by some agent on the condition that the value of the Thing given would be repayed according to some agreed method and timetable. This is also an ''Acceptance'' of an offer, and is an ''ObligationCreatingEvent''
Super-classes	ObligationCreatingEvent^c Acceptance^c
Restrictions	causes^op some Indebtedness^c hadObjectObtained^op some (Right^c or ValuableThing^c or ServiceEvent^c or EventType^c or ObjectType^c) produced^op some Debt^c

IncurringaFee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IncurringaFee`
Description	''IncurringaFee'' is an ''AcceptingSomething'' in which the thing accepted is a service, Privilege, or right that was offered by some agent on the condition that a ''Fee'' would be charged for that service, Privilege, or right. This is also an ''Acceptance'' of an offer, and is an ''ObligationCreatingEvent''
Super-classes	Acceptance^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op some ObligationToPayaFee^c hadObjectObtained^op some (Right^c or ServiceEvent^c or EventType^c)

Incus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Incus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incus' in WordNet: 1. incus, anvil - (the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes)`
Super-classes	AuditoryOssicle^c
Restrictions	touchesDirectly^op value Stapes^c touchesDirectly^op value Malleus^c

Indebted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indebted

Description

''Indebted'' is the attribute of a Person who has a ''Debt'' of any kind.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indebted' in Wordnet:
       1. indebted - (under a legal obligation to someone)

Super-classes Obligated^c

Indebtedness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indebtedness`
Description	Each ''Indebtedness'' is a PersistentState caused by the act of ''IncurringaDebt''. The subject or agent of this kind of assertion will be some ''IntentionalAgent'', usually one Person, possibly a GroupOfPeople, or an ''Organization''. `NOTE:this is not a ''Debt'' or ''Obligation''' as suggested by the WN gloss, it is the state of someone having a Debt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indebtedness' in WordNet: 1. indebtedness, liability, financial obligation - (an obligation to pay money to another party)`
Super-classes	HavingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some GroupOfIntentionalAgents^c isPerformedBy^op value Debtor^c wasCausedBy^op value IncurringaDebt^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Indebted^c subjectOfStateHas^op value Debt^c

Indecision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indecision`
Description	''Indecision'' is a subtype of ''Uncertainty'' in which a ''IntentionalAgent'' faced with a ''Choosing'' situation has no conviction about which of two or more alternatives (of any kind, sometimes about which course of action to take) is true or appropriate or best. This is the Feeling when a Person has no level of convictions , positive or negative, about which of the alternatives is better than the others. NOTe: When a Person doubts one or more of the alternatives, that Person has a Feeling of ''Doubt', which is a subtype. An even stronger level of ''Doubt'' is ''Disbelief''. This ''Feeling'' can cause ''Hesitation'' (vacillation, wavering). in WordNet: 1. (2) indecision, indecisiveness, irresolution - (doubt concerning two or more possible alternatives or courses of action; 'his indecision was only momentary but the opportunity was lost')
Super-classes	Uncertainty^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some Hesitating^c
Sub-classes	Ambivalence^c

Indecisive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indecisive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indecisive' in Wordnet: 1. indecisive - (characterized by lack of decision and firmness; 'an indecisive manager brought the enterprise to a standstill')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Indefinite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indefinite

Description

''Indefinite'' as a term is itself vague, having elements of ''Unspecified'' and 'undefined' and 'vague'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indefinite' in Wordnet:
         1. (8) indefinite - (vague or not clearly defined or stated; 'must you be so indefinite?'; 
            'amorphous blots of color having vague and indefinite edges'; 
            'he would not answer so indefinite a proposal')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

IndefiniteQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndefiniteQuantity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indefinite quantity' in WordNet: 1. indefinite quantity - (an estimated quantity)`
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c Quantity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indefinite^c
Sub-classes	LargeIndefiniteQuantity^c

Indefinitely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indefinitely

Description

''Indefinitey'' is an adverb typically modifying some quantitative property such as time, but including other attributes, e.g. 'indefinitely large', 'indefinitely small'..

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'indefinitely' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) indefinitely - (to an indefinite extent; for an indefinite time; 
                'this could go on indefinitely')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Indelible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indelible

Description

''Indelible'' is the attribute of a ''Mark'' that cannot be removed or erased,or of an Ink that makes such marks.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indelible' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) indelible, unerasable - (cannot be removed, washed away or erased; 
              'an indelible stain')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Indentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indentation`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indentation' in WordNet: 1. (1) indentation, indenture - (a concave cut into a surface or edge (as in a coastline))
Super-classes	Concavity^c
Sub-classes	Cleft^c Inscription^c Notch^c Imprint^c

Independence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Independence`
Description	''Independence'' is a ''Freedom'' from some degree of external control. For the political independence of a country use ''Liberty''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'independence' in WordNet: 1. (22) independence, independency - (freedom from control or influence of another or others)`
Super-classes	Freedom^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op some ControllingAnAgent^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Independent^c isaFreedomFrom^op some ControlOverOthers^c
Sub-classes	SelfReliance^c

Independent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Independent`
Description	''Independent'' is an Attribute of People or Groups who do not depend on other people for their right or ability to do things = . Includes adjective sense 1 and part of sense 3 (not directly including the subtype meaning 'sovereign' for countries) of 'independent' in WordNet: 1. (26) independent - (free from external control and constraint; 'an independent mind'; 'a series of independent judgments'; 'fiercely independent individualism'; 'an independent republic') 3. (2) autonomous, independent, self-governing, sovereign - ((of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces; 'an autonomous judiciary'; 'a sovereign state')
Super-classes	NotDependent^c
Sub-classes	Unaccompanied^c Autonomous^c Self-Sufficient^c Separate^c

Independently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Independently

Description

''Independently'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the Action was performed by some Agent alone without the help or assistance of other Agents.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'independently' andpart
        of sense in WordNet:
         1. (6) independently - (on your own; without outside help; 
           'the children worked on the project independently')
       WN adverb 'alone':
         2. (28) alone, solo, unaccompanied - (without anybody else; 
            'the child stayed home alone'; 'he flew solo')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Indescribable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indescribable

Description

''Describable'' is an Attribute of something (Object or Event) that can be described.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indescribable' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) indefinable, indescribable, ineffable, unspeakable, untellable, unutterable -
              (defying expression or description; 'indefinable yearnings'; 'indescribable beauty';
              'ineffable ecstasy'; 'inexpressible anguish'; 'unspeakable happiness';
              'unutterable contempt'; 'a thing of untellable splendor')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Indestructible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indestructible

Description

''Tough'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is not easily broken, nor worn down, nor easily pulled apart. This is

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'indestructible'  in WordNet:
      WN adj 'durable' (part only):
        2. durable, indestructible, perdurable, undestroyable - (very long lasting; 
         'less durable rocks were gradually worn away to form valleys';
         'the perdurable granite of the ancient Appalachian spine of the continent')

Super-classes Tough^c

Index^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Index`
Description	An ''Index'' is an alphabetical listing of things mentioned in a Document, along with the location (usually a page number) where that thing is mentioned `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'index' in WordNet: 4. index - (an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed)`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c Specification^c
Restrictions	containsSymbolicObject^op value TopicList^c

IndexFinger^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndexFinger

Description

The ''IndexFinger'' is the finger adjacent to the Thumb, often used to point to things.

       CYC: The second #$Finger on the human hand, closest to
        the thumb.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'index finger' in WordNet:
          5. index, index finger, forefinger - (the finger next to the thumb)

Super-classes Finger^c

IndexNumberString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndexNumberString`
Description	An IndexNumberString is an AbstractString which has a number in it, often together with some other characters, and is used as an index for one of multiple items in an indexed list. The list can be in-line, or formatted in a column. The strings '(1)' and '(2)' in the following are IndexNumberStrings: (1) first item; (2) second item.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c

IndexOfLeadingIdicators^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndexOfLeadingIdicators

Description

    Definition: The index of leading economic indicators (LEI) is intended to predict 
      future economic activity. Typically, three consecutive monthly LEI changes in the 
      same direction suggest a turning point in the economy

    The Composite Index of Leading Indicators, otherwise known as the Leading Economic Index (LEI),
      is an index published monthly by the Conference Board used to predict the direction of 
      global economic movements in the months to come. It is made up of 10 economic components,
      whose changes tend to precede changes in the overall economy. The Conference Board, founded in 1916, 
      is an independent research association that provides its member organizations with 
      economic and financial information.

Super-classes EconomicIndicator^c

IndexedInformationSource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndexedInformationSource`
Description	CYC: The collection of all structured information sources in which the information contained therein is indexed by some set of index terms (the terms could be names, phrases, #$CharacterStrings, #$IDNumbers or codes). For every index term, there is one specific part of the #$IndexedInformationSource associated with that term. Each instance of #$IndexedInformationSource has some format or organizing structure of specified parts or 'chunks' imposed on the information. (Although its indexed parts might be be ordered in a certain sequence, in theory it could be indexed without there being any particular sequential ordering of the parts.) An instance of #$IndexedInformationSource is the abstract informational content of the source, not any particular physical object in which the information is stored. Examples include a #$Dictionary, #$Thesaurus, #$Database-AbstractContent, or a #$KnowledgeBase. Some examples that do not qualify are #$Painting-ArtForm, or a #$CharacterString without any structuring information about it or that has no structure beyond being a string of characters. Thus this is not referring to unstructured text, even if it has an 'Index'. The fact that a book has an index does not make it an #$IndexedInformationSource.
Super-classes	StructuredInformationSource^c
Sub-classes	Database^c DatabaseGroup^c Dictionary^c

IndianClub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndianClub`
Description	A ''Club'' sort of like a bowling pin, used for exercising. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Indian club' in Wordnet: 1. Indian club - (a bottle-shaped club used in exercises)`
Super-classes	SportsEquipment^c Club^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ExercisingEvent^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Bottle^c

IndianLodge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndianLodge`
Description	This is the parent for all types of collapsible dwellings used for residence by ''AmericanIndian''s. This may be modified to be used as a parent type for collapsible dwellings used by other nomadic peoples, by modifyig the ''isaHabitatOf'' restriction, when representing those becomes necessary. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indian lodge' in WordNet: 1. lodge, indian lodge - (any of various native American dwellings)`
Super-classes	Lodging^c PlaceOfResidence^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value AmericanIndian^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Residing^c
Sub-classes	Wigwam^c Tepee^c

IndianOceanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndianOceanPerson`
Description	collective term applied to inhabitants of a few islands scattered thruout the Indian Ocean
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c

IndianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Indian' in WordNet: 2. Indian - (a native or inhabitant of India)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#India^c
Sub-classes	Gypsy^c

Indicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indicating`
Description	''Indicating'' is an ''InformationTransferEvent'' in which Information that 'indicates' (suggests or implies) something (i.e. evidence) - usually some state - from a PhysicalObject, animate or inanimate, motionless or moving - and received by an ''IntentionalAgent'' through the senses. This is not necessarily performed by an Animal, it can be by an inanimate object or Event that suggests the existince something else. When something strongly indicates some fact or state, then that Event is represented by the more specific subtype ''Implying'' This a broad sense of 'indicate' including 'suggest' and 'imply' The technical logical sense of 'imply' is in the subtype 'LogicalImplication'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'indicate', sense 2 of 'suggest' and sense 3 of 'imply' in WordNet: 1. (70) bespeak, betoken, indicate, point, signal - (be a signal for or a symptom of; 'These symptoms indicate a serious illness'; 'Her behavior points to a severe neurosis'; 'The economic indicators signal that the euro is undervalued') WN verb 'suggest': 2. (21) suggest, intimate - (imply as a possibility; 'The evidence suggests a need for more clarification') WN verb 'imply': 3. (1) entail, imply, mean - (have as a logical consequence; 'The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers')
Super-classes	Suggesting^c InformationTransferEvent^c
Restrictions	signifies^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Boding^c MakingAGesture^c ImplyingSomething^c Heralding^c

Indication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indication`
Description	An ''Indication'' is anything (an observation, a PhysicalObject, an argument from a knowledgeable expert) that tends to prove or disprove an Assertion; since it is something that provides knowledge of something other than itself, it is a Sign. This is a heterogeneous category. that is not yet clearly distinguished from the parent type ''Evidence''. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 5 of 'indication' in WordNet: 1. (15) indication, indicant - (something that serves to indicate or suggest; 'an indication of foul play'; 'indications of strain'; 'symptoms are the prime indicants of disease') 3. indication - ((medicine) a reason to prescribe a drug or perform a procedure; 'the presence of bacterial infection was an indication for the use of antibiotics') 5. reading, meter reading, indication - (a datum about some physical state that is presented to a user by a meter or similar instrument; 'he could not believe the meter reading'; 'the barometer gave clear indications of an approaching storm')
Super-classes	Evidence^c
Sub-classes	Quickening^c

Indicative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indicative`
Description	''Indicative'' is a more intense degree of ''Suggestive'' for any fact that strongly suggests or indicates that some other fact is true.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'indicative' in Wordnet: 2. indicative, indicatory, revelatory, significative, suggestive - ((usually followed by 'of') pointing out or revealing clearly; 'actions indicative of fear')`
Super-classes	Suggestive^c
Sub-classes	Symptomatic^c Foreboding^c

Indicator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indicator`
Description	An ''Indicator'' is a ''Signal'' that 'indicates' something. The difference between this and a 'signal' is not clear. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'indicator' in WordNet: 2. (2) indicator - (a signal for attracting attention)`
Super-classes	Signal^c
Sub-classes	Buoy^c

IndicatorDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndicatorDevice`
Description	An ''Indicator'' is a ''Device'' that 'indicates' something by emitting an ''Indicator'' signal. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'indicator' in WordNet: 3. (2) indicator - (a device for showing the operating condition of some system)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	emits^op some SignalType^c
Sub-classes	AlarmDevice^c

IndicatorSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndicatorSubstance`
Description	An ''IndicatorSubstance'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that 'indicates' the presence of some other substance, usually by turning color. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'indicator' in WordNet: 4. indicator - ((chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Litmus^c

Indicting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indicting`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'indict' in WordNet: 1. (2) indict - (accuse formally of a crime)`
Super-classes	Accusing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value BillOfIndictment^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value RuleBased^c

Indictment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indictment`
Description	An ''Indictment'' is a ''LegalAllegation'' that is an ''Accusation'' against a LegalAgent that that agent has committed a Crime. This is typically created by a 'Prosecutor'' in some form of ''DepartmentOfJustice''. The details would have to be specified for specific departments having specific procedures. `This is the abstract 'LinguisticAssertion'': for the paper document memorializing an ''Indictment'' use ''BillOfIndictment''. RHW: 2. Law. a formal accusation initiating a criminal case, presented by a grand jury and usually required for felonies and other serious crimes.`
Super-classes	LegalAllegation^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value BillOfIndictment^c wasCreatedBy^op value DepartmentOfJustice^c

Indifference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indifference`
Description	''Indifference'' is state and Feeling in which a Person lacks ''Concern'' for one or more other people, or toward any situation. `This is a ''DirectedFeeling'', so it is not a lack of interest in things generally, so WN 'numbness, spiritlessness' are not included. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'indifference' and non senses 1 and 2 of 'apathy' in WordNet: 3. (1) apathy, indifference, numbness, spiritlessness - (the trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in things generally) WN noun 'apathy': 1. apathy - (an absence of emotion or enthusiasm)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c Unconcern^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uninvolved^c
Sub-classes	Detachment^c Phlegm-Feeling^c

Indifferent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indifferent`
Description	''Indifferent'' is an AttributValue of a Person who is more than ''Casual'' about other people or situations, to the point where the Person with this attribute pays little attention and is not inclined to do anything to help or hurt those person(s) or situations. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of'indifferent' in WordNet: 1. (4) apathetic, indifferent - (marked by a lack of interest; 'an apathetic audience'; 'the universe is neither hostile nor friendly; it is simply indifferent')`
Super-classes	Casual^c
Sub-classes	Insensible^c Uninvolved^c

Indigene^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indigene

Description

An ''Indigene'' is a ''Native'' Person who continues to reside in the ancient land of her/his ancestors, and continues to some extent to practice the ancient customs.

   Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'native' (excluding those
   who have moved away from a palce or whose ancestry does not trace
   to ancent inhabitants of  a place) in WordNet:
       1. (3) native, indigen, indigene - (a person who was born in a particular place;
          an indigenous person)

Super-classes Native^c

Indigenous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indigenous

Description

''Indigenous'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to an ''Indigene'' Person or to any activity or specific location or artifacts associated with that person or any group of such people; includes the attribute of being something remaining in the place where it originated, not just for people.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indigenous' in WordNet:
            1. autochthonal, autochthonic, autochthonous, endemic, indigenous - 
               (originating where it is found; 'the autochthonal fauna of 
               Australia includes the kangaroo'; 'autochthonous rocks and people 
               and folktales'; 'endemic folkways'; 'the Ainu are indigenous to 
               the northernmost islands of Japan')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Indignant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indignant

Description

An AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing Indignation.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indignant' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) indignant, incensed, outraged, umbrageous - (angered at something
             unjust or wrong; 'an indignant denial'; 'incensed at the judges' unfairness';
             'a look of outraged disbelief'; 'umbrageous at the loss of their territory')

Super-classes Resentful^c

Indignation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indignation`
Description	''Indignation''is a strong Feeling of ''Resentment'' caused by belief that something done by another Person causing some harm to oneself is unjustified. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indignation' in WordNet: 1. (8) indignation, outrage - (a feeling of righteous anger)`
Super-classes	Resentment^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Indignant^c

IndigoColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndigoColor`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indigo' in Wordnet: 1. indigo - (having a color between blue and violet; "indigo flowers")`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	BlackishBlue-Color^c DarkBluishGray-Color^c

Indirect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indirect`
Description	'Indirect' is an attribute of a path or of a Procedure which involves more than the minimum number of intermediate steps. The opposite, 'Direct', describes a path or procedure that has only the minimum number of steps. This is the most general sense, and includes all 5 of the senses in WordNet: 1. (8) indirect - (having intervening factors or persons or influences; 'reflection from the ceiling provided a soft indirect light'; 'indirect evidence'; 'an indirect cause') 2. (2) indirect - (not direct in spatial dimension; not leading by a straight line or course to a destination; 'sometimes taking an indirect path saves time'; 'you must take an indirect course in sailing') 3. collateral, indirect - (descended from a common ancestor but through different lines; 'cousins are collateral relatives'; 'an indirect descendant of the Stuarts') 4. indirect - (extended senses; not direct in manner or language or behavior or action; 'making indirect but legitimate inquiries'; 'an indirect insult'; 'doubtless they had some indirect purpose in mind'; 'though his methods are indirect they are not dishonest'; 'known as a shady indirect fellow') 5. indirect - (not as a direct effect or consequence; 'indirect benefits'; 'an indirect advantage')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Secondhand^c Roundabout^c

IndirectFireWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndirectFireWeapon`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Weapons which launch #$ProjectileWeapons in a high-angle trajectory as opposed to the flat trajectory of a #$DirectFireWeapon.
Super-classes	Weapon^c
Sub-classes	BallisticMissile^c

IndirectObjectOfaSentence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndirectObjectOfaSentence`
Description	A word or phrase that serves as the indirect object of a particular sentence. This is used for ditransitive verbs, such as 'give'. In the sentence 'Jack gave the book to Jill' the Object is the book, and the indirect object is Jill. This is a grammatical Role..
Super-classes	CaseRole^c NounPhrase^c

Indirectly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indirectly

Description

''Indirectly'' is an adverb that can modify an Action or a past participle, indicating that the referenced Action was not done 'directly' or in a 'direct' manner. This can be for communications as well as travel events.

      Includes but is broader than adverb sense 1 of 'indirectly' in WordNet:
         1. (7) indirectly - (not in a forthright manner; "he answered very indirectly")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Indiscipline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indiscipline`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indiscipline' in WordNet: 1. indiscipline, undiscipline - (the trait of lacking discipline)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Unrestraint^c

Indiscreet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indiscreet`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indiscreet' in Wordnet: 1. indiscreet - (lacking discretion; injudicious; 'her behavior was indiscreet at the very best')`
Super-classes	Unwise^c

Indiscriminate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indiscriminate

Description

''Indiscriminate'' is the attribute of an ''IntentionalAgent'' who fails to use careful criteria to distinguish better from worse choices.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indiscriminate' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) indiscriminate - (failing to make or recognize distinctions)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Indistinct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indistinct`
Description	'Indistinct' is an AttributeValue of things that are difficult to perceive or understand. `@ToDo: adjectives meaning 'easily done' or 'difficult to do' might be aggregated in a hierarchy, with each attribute pointing to the action that is easy or difficult. Needs analysis. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indistinct' in Wordnet: 1. (1) indistinct - (not clearly defined or easy to perceive or understand; 'indistinct shapes in the gloom'; 'an indistinct memory'; 'only indistinct notions of what to do')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Nebulous^c

Indium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of indium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indium' in WordNet:
          1. indium, In, atomic number 49 - (a rare soft 
            silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Individual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Individual

Description

'Individual' is a Cyc concept used to distinguish abstract sets and collections (classes) from things that are individuals. Interestingly, groups of things can be individuals - if they are defined as distinct from sets (see 'Group'). About the only type in COSMO that could not be considered as a subtype of this type is 'SetMathematical'; but maost types are not listed as subtypes of 'Individual', though they could be - just to avoid confusing the ontology with mostly useless relations. Any instance that is considered as a 'unit' by the knowledge engineer can be made an instance of this type, which is not disjoint with anything other than 'SetMathematical'

  This class may be superfluous, but in COSMO 
  is a convenient catch-all for some aggregate Types that would merely
  serve to clutter the top level and obscure the structure of the ontology 
  if exposed at the top level directly under 'Thing'.
  Conversely, Some of the subtypes of the Cyc 'individual' have also been
  subclassed  directly to 'owl:Thing' to expose those common concepts at the highest level,
  to make the structure of the ontology easier to see.

  NOTE that some of the concepts mentioned in the Cyc documentation differ
  significantly in COSMO from related concepts in Cyc.  But the Cyc documentation is
  given here to describe how the similar Cyc notion of Group is described in
  that ontology.
           From OpenCyc:  OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002
 #$Individual is the collection of all individuals: things that are _not_ sets
 or collections. Individuals might be concrete or abstract, and include 
 (among other things) physical objects, events, numbers, relations, and groups. 
 An instance of #$Individual might have parts or structure (including discontinuous parts); 
 but _no_ individual has elements or subsets (see #$elementOf and #$subsetOf).
 Thus, an individual that has parts (e.g. #$physicalParts or #$groupMembers) 
 is _not_ the same thing as either the set or the collection containing those
 same parts. For example, your car is an individual, but the collection of all 
 the parts of your car is not an individual but an instance of #$Collection. 
 This collection (unlike the car itself) is abstract: it doesn't have a location,
 mass, or a top speed; but it does have instances, subcollections, and supercollections. 
 In partial contrast, the #$Group (q.v.) of parts of your car (while also not
 the same thing as the car itself) _is_ an individual that has location and 
 mass. Another example: A given company, the group consisting of all the 
 company's employees, the collection of those employees, and the set of those 
 employees are four distinct things, and only the first two are individuals.

   There are no WordNet senses for this vague concept.  The best fit is 'thing',
     which would be appropriate for the top Protege concept, but that is
     not explicitly included in an ontology.

Sub-classes Source^c
PhysicalThing^c
TemporalThing^c
FirstThing^c
ThingContainingSubstance^c
SpatialThing^c
DosageForm^c
FinancialThing^c
Trope^c
ThingPresent^c
ThingAbsent^c
ThingWithAttribute^c
HomogeneousThing^c
Synonym^c
DefaultValue^c
ObjectOrEvent^c
NonNaturalThing^c
UnknownIndividual^c
Sign^c
Scope^c
UnspecifiedThing^c
SecondThing^c
GenericImage^c
HistoricTemporalThing^c
WholeThing^c
ObjectOfanAction^c
HeterogeneousCategory^c
ExternalReferringThing^c

IndividualAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndividualAgent`
Description	An instance of #$ExistingObjectType and a specialization of #$Agent-Generic. Each instance of #$IndividualAgent is an instance of #$Agent-Generic that is not itself a group composed of other instances of #$Agent-Generic. Notable specializations of #$IndividualAgent include #$Person and #$Animal. Note that #$Organization is not a specialization of #$IndividualAgent, since instances of #$Organization are groups composed of other instances of #$Agent-Generic.
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c
Sub-classes	PerceptualAgent^c HumanOccupationConstructResident^c Android^c

IndividualPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndividualPerson`
Description	An ''IndividualPerson'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' having only one Person in it. This type is used to allow relations specifying that only one person (at a time) will satisfy the restriction. `*NOYE** in 1577SV this is inconsistent in Pellet???. rev1579 changed 'hasValue' to 'someValuesFrom - not inconsistent before save. After?? At 1579SV the individual entry 'IndividualPerson' was checked and found consistent in Prot 3.5/Pellet. try owl:cardinality?`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Person^c

IndividualScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndividualScore`
Description	A ''IndividualScore'' is an Integer that expresses the score for each contestant at any point in a contest.
Super-classes	Integer^c
Restrictions	hasIntegerValue^dp some xsd:int^c
Sub-classes	LosingScore^c WinningScore^c

IndividualSkillSport^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndividualSkillSport

Description

An ''IndividualSkillSport'' is a ''SportsEvent'' in which a single contestant demonstrates his/her level of skill in some type of sport (racing, swimming, archery, weight-lifting, ice skating) which is scored by the result (timing, accuracy, maximum weight lifted, aesthetic appeal). In competitions, The scores of individual contestants in the same type of ''IndividualSkillSport'' are compared to determine a winner.

      NOTE: this is narrower than the CYC 'IndividualSportsCompetition', 
        which includes all non-team sports events: CYC:
        Sports competitions where the competitors are
        individual agents, not teams

      This type of ''Sportsevent'' are the individual events in
       a ''MultipleSkillEvent'' such as a 'triathlon' or 'decathlon'.

Super-classes SportsEvent^c

IndividualSportsCompetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndividualSportsCompetition`
Description	Sports competitions where the competitors are individual agents, not teams.
Super-classes	SportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	Sprint^c KarateSportsEvent^c JudoEvent^c Marathon^c HurdleRace^c

IndividualVocabulary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndividualVocabulary`
Description	Each 'IndividualVocabulary' is a Group of at least two 'Designators' that are used in some Language, and known by some individual user. This is usually a subset of the full 'Vocabulary' of a Language. NOTE that 'IndividualVocabulary' is a subtype of 'Knowledge' therefore it contains some propositions. In this case, the propositions are the representational links between the individual Designators of the IndividualVocabulary and the specific things they designate. `This type corresponds to sense 2 of 'vocabulary' in Wordnet: 2. (3) vocabulary, lexicon, mental lexicon - (a language user's knowledge of words)`
Super-classes	PluralThing^c Knowledge^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some Vocabulary^c hasComponentElement^op only Designator^c

Individualism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Individualism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'individualism' in WordNet: 2. (1) individualism - (a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence)`
Super-classes	Belief^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op value Individualist^c hasTopic^op value Individuality^c

Individualist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Individualist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'individualist' in WordNet: 1. (3) individualist - (a person who pursues independent thought or action)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Individuality^c believes^op value Individualism^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Individualistic^c
Sub-classes	Hermit^c

Individualistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Individualistic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'individualistic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) individualist, individualistic - (marked by or expressing individuality; 'an individualistic way of dressing')`
Super-classes	SelfConfident^c

Individuality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Individuality`
Description	''Individuality''is a degree of ''SelfConfidence'' that inclines a Person to rely on her/his own judgment and feelings rather than defer to the judgments of others when making a decision whether about important matters or minor personal preferences. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'individuality' in WordNet: 1. (1) individuality, individualism, individuation - (the quality of being individual; 'so absorbed by the movement that she lost all sense of individuality')`
Super-classes	SelfConfidence^c HavingAnAttribute^c PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Individualistic^c

Individualized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Individualized

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'individualized' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) individualized, individualised, personalized, personalised -
             (made for or directed or adjusted to a particular individual;
              'personalized luggage'; 'personalized advice')

Super-classes Modified^c

Individualizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Individualizing`
Description	This ''Individualizing'' is the Action of modifying something so as to make it more suitable for a single individual IntelligentAgent, usually a Person. The Thing modified can be a PhysicalObject or a substance or an Action (often some Procedure); the range is too broad to restrict. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'individualize' in WordNet: 2. personalize, personalise, individualize, individualise - (make personal or more personal; 'personalized service')`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some owl:Thing^c hadBeneficiary^op value IntelligentAgent^c

Indivisible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indivisible

Description

''Indivisible'' is the generic attribute of things that literally cannot be divided into parts - as in the CYC example of a mathematical 'point' - but also includes more metaphorically things that are hard to divide, or shouldn't be divided, or have a strong tendency to stay together. These nuances may be represented by subtypes when such precision is needed.

       CYC: The collection of discrete entities without
        distinguishable parts, portions, entries, subsets,
        elements,...  A couple examples are:  the #$False
        truth-value; any single #$MathematicalPoint.

         See ''IndivisibleThing'' and its restrictions for additional
            logical relations.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indivisible' in Wordnet:
          1. indivisible - (impossible of undergoing division;
            'an indivisible union of states'; 'one nation indivisible')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

IndivisibleThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndivisibleThing`
Description	A ''IndivisibleThing'' is something that cannot be dividied into parts, i.e. cannot be the agent in a ''ComingApart'' Acion..
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indivisible^c isUnableToServeAsAgentInActionType^op value ComingApart^c

Indonesian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indonesian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Indonesian' in Wordnet: 1. Indonesian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Indonesia or its people or languages)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Indoor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Indoor

Description

'Indoor' is an AttributeValue of Regions, Objects, or Events that occur at an 'Indoors' (an indoor location).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indoor' in WordNet:
        1. (2) indoor - (located, suited for, or taking place within a building;
        'indoor activities for a rainy day'; 'an indoor pool')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

IndoorLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndoorLocation`
Description	Any Region inside of a HumanOccupationConstruct that is protected from weather. This type will be used as the referent for the adverb 'Indoors', though this type is itself a noun. 'Indoors' will be the equivalent of the adverbial phrase 'at an IndoorLocation'. `This location can be treated as a 'PhysicalSpaceRegion' or as a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'indoors' in WordNet: 1. (1) inside, indoors - (within a building; 'in winter we play inside')`
Super-classes	(PhysicalSpaceRegion^c or PhysicalObject^c) InsideLocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indoor^c isContainedIn^op value HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Sub-classes	TheDownstairs^c Upstairs^c Bedside^c SpaceInAHOC^c

IndoorShoppingMall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndoorShoppingMall`
Description	A specialization of #$ShoppingMallBuilding. Each instance of #$IndoorShoppingMall is a mall with some exterior entrances to either its halways or to some of its retail space, but with most entrances to retail space from the hallways of the building.
Super-classes	ShoppingMall^c ShoppingMallBuilding^c

IndulgingaDesire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndulgingaDesire`
Description	''IndulgingaDesire'' is a form of ''SatisfyingaDesire'' in which the ''Desire'' satisfied is that of the person performing the Action and is for something unnecessary in the sense of being beyond what is necessary (is ''Unnecessary'') or normal to satisfy such a desire or goal or need. Whereas ''SatisfyingaDesire'' causes ''Satisfaction'', ''IndulgingaDesire'' causes ''Pleasure'', a more intense and more Pleasant form of ''Satisfaction''. For the Action in which one Person causes another to have the same sense of satisfaction (the transitive sense) use ''Pampering''. COSMO note: WN 'indulge' includes the notion of 'indulging in', which takes something consumable as a direct object. That meaning would be represented by using 'indulging in' as a subtype of action that causes an instance of this type. As of rev1505 this usage is not formalized in COSMO. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'indulge' in WordNet: 1. (2) indulge - (give free rein to; 'The writer indulged in metaphorical language') 2. (2) gratify, pander, indulge - (yield (to); give satisfaction to) WN noun 'indulgence': 3. indulgence, indulging, pampering, humoring - (the act of indulging or gratifying a desire)
Super-classes	Role^c PleasantEvent^c Providing^c Action^c CausingaFeeling^c SatisfyingaDesire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unnecessary^c causesMentalEventType^op value Pleasure^c
Sub-classes	Spree^c Luxuriating^c PleasuresOfTheFlesh^c

Industrial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Industrial`
Description	an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to Industry in some way; of or pertaining to Industry. This is the most generic 'industrial' attribute. The more specific 'UsedInIndustry' is a subtype. For WN sense 2 of 'industrial' (having highly developed industries) use 'Developed'. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'industrial' in WordNet; also includes senses 3 and 4 which are represented by the subtype 'UsedInIndustry': in WordNet: 1. (21) industrial - (of or relating to or resulting from industry; 'industrial output') 3. (2) industrial - (employed in industry; 'industrial workers'; 'the industrial term in use among professional thieves') 4. (2) industrial - (employed in industry; 'the industrial classes'; 'industrial work')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	UsedInIndustry^c

IndustrialEconomicSector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndustrialEconomicSector`
Description	CYC: The collection of all localized groups of enterprises that are producers of industrial commodities, in which each such group together forms the major industrial sector for the region. 'Industrial commodities' includes #$MechanicalDevices and basic industrial materials. Examples include 'the world industrial sector', the 'industrial sector of China'. The Chinese water pump industry would not be an exemplar of #$IndustrialEconomicSector but would rather be a sub-industry (see #$subIndustries) of it. On the other hand, chinese water pump manufacturers would be considered #$groupMembers of 'the industrial sector of China'.
Super-classes	EconomicSector^c

IndustrialProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndustrialProcess`
Description	A 'Process_PSL' that is used in industry, usually for manufacturing or otherwise manipulating PhysicalObjects. Subtypes in WordNet are: Bessemer process - (for making steel) cyanide process - (for extracting gold) Haber process - (for producing ammonia) Solvay process - (for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide) `This is a Specification - an execution of such a Specification whould be an instance of 'ProcessiveEvent'. This is approximately equivalent to noun sense 1 of 'industrial process' in WordNet, but the WordNet sense suggests the actions themselves rather than the execution: in WordNet: 1. industrial process - (a systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something)`
Super-classes	Process_PSL^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only IndustrialProcessiveEvent^c

IndustrialProcessiveEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndustrialProcessiveEvent`
Description	An ''IndustrialProcessiveEvent'' is a 'ProcessiveAction' used in industry to produce some ''ManufacturedGoods'' (includes a quantity of a PhysicalSubstance).. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish between an 'industrial process' as a ''Specification'' and an 'industrial process' as a ''ProcessiveAction''; this type represent the Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'industrial process' in WordNet: 1. industrial process - (a systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something)`
Super-classes	ProcessiveAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CommercialOrganization^c isAnExecutionOf^op value IndustrialProcess^c produces^op value ManufacturedGoods^c

Industrialization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Industrialization`
Description	''Industrialization'' is the ''EconomicDevelopmentEvent'' that improves a ''NationalEconomy"' from ''Preindustrial'' to ''Industrialized''. `NOTE: 'industrial enterprise' seems out of place - definition? moved it to ''Industry'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'industrialization' in WordNet: 1. (2) industrialization, industrialisation, industrial enterprise - (the development of industry on an extensive scale) WN verb 'industrialize': 2. industrialize, industrialise - (develop industry; become industrial; "The nations of South East Asia will quickly industrialize and catch up with the West")`
Super-classes	EconomicDevelopmentEvent^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Industrialized^c isPerformedBy^op some NationalEconomy^c

Industrialized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Industrialized

Description

''Industrialized'' is an attribute of nations or geographical regions whose economy consists mostly of industry and retail and little of agriculture.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'industrialized' and adj sense 2 of
          'developed' in WordNet:
         1. industrialized, industrialised - (made industrial; converted to industrialism; 
             'industrialized areas')
       WN adj 'developed':
           2. developed, highly-developed - ((used of societies) having high industrial development;
             'developed countries')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Industrious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Industrious

Description

''Industrious'' is the attribute of someone who is both ''Eager'' and ''Energetic'' in pursuing some goal.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'industrious' in Wordnet.
        NOTE:  'up-and-coming' usually has a different meaning and can be misleading,so
        it is left out of this type - perhaps add somewhere else?)
  in WordNet:
    1. (1) hardworking, industrious, tireless, untiring -
        (characterized by hard work and perseverance)
    2. energetic, gumptious, industrious, up-and-coming -
       (working hard to promote an enterprise)

Super-classes Eager^c
Energetic^c

Industry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Industry`
Description	The aggregate of all economic activity of some region that includes manufacturing and some services that are provided by large companies, but excludes retailing, farming, and family or single-individual enterprises. NOTE that this represents the Actions of industry, not Industry as an Agent. For the latter, see ?? Roughly corresponds to sense 3 of 'industry' in RHW: 3. trade or manufacture in general: the rise of industry in Africa. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'industry' in WordNet: 2. (118) industry, manufacture - (the organized action of making of goods and services for sale; 'American industry is making increased use of computers to control production') WN noun 'industrial enterprise' (part): 1. (2) industrialization, industrialisation, industrial enterprise - (the development of industry on an extensive scale)
Super-classes	EconomicAction^c
Sub-classes	PublishingIndustry^c

IndustryOrEconomicSectorType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndustryOrEconomicSectorType`
Description	COSMO note: this is a Group of actions, and may include agents, which would make it heterogeneous. @ToDo: not yet well defined (rev1049). CYC: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$IndustryOrEconomicSectorType is a general industry or a main economic sector, by function, which is the collection of all local or geographically-defined industries and major economic sectors that perform that function. So the worldwide funeral industry is an instance of #$IndustryOrEconomicSectorType, as is the Ohio manufacturing sector. Every instance of #$IndustryOrEconomicSectorType can have local examples of #$Industry-Localized or #$EconomicSector-Localized as its instances. See also its specializations #$IndustryType and #$EconomicSectorType.
Super-classes	GroupType^c
Sub-classes	IndustryType^c

IndustrySector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndustrySector`
Description	Each 'IndustrySector' is a recognized 'sector' that is a part of an 'Economy', being activities performed by a Group of businesses having related kinds of activity, consisting of all of the economic and business events that occur within some defined geographical area, and conforming to some criterion (depending on classifier) as to what kind of activity is common to those Events. Essentially, a subset of the events that are elements of an Economy. `Each 'IndustrySector' has some characteristic activity that the businesses in it all perform. that gives the criterion for classification. Thus this is a subtype of 'Type', i.e. each instance is a business having some attributes in common with others in that Type.`
Super-classes	Group^c Type^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some Economy^c hasComponentElement^op only (EconomicEvent^c or BusinessEvent^c or EconomicAction^c)

IndustrySectorList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndustrySectorList`
Description	An 'IndustrySector' is a List each element of which is an 'IndustrySector'.
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only IndustrySector^c

IndustryType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndustryType`
Description	COSMO note: for COSMO, an 'Industry' is a collection of actions, not agents. So an 'industry' itself cannot act as an agent, but participants in the industry can. CYC: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$IndustryType is a general industry, by function, which is the collection of all local or geographically-defined industries (instances of #$Industry-Localized) that perform that function. So the funeral industry in general is an instance of #$IndustryType, whereas the Ohio funeral industry is an instance of #$Industry-Localized (as is the worldwide funeral industry whose 'locale' is just large). Every instance of #$IndustryType can have local examples of #$Industry-Localized as its instances. See also #$IndustryFn, #$IndustryOfRegionFn, and #$MtOfIndustryTypeFn.
Super-classes	IndustryOrEconomicSectorType^c
Members	PublishingIndustry Industry

Inebriation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inebriation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inebriation' in WordNet: 2. drunkenness, inebriation, inebriety, intoxication, tipsiness, insobriety - (a temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value MakingSomeoneDrunk^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Drunk^c

Ineffective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ineffective`
Description	An attribute value expressing that the object or substance thus characterized does not achieve its intended purpose when used in the manner that is expected to produce a result. This does not mean that the thing did nothing at all useful, just that it did not achieve some minimum criterion of effectiveness. This is applicable especially to medicines, medical procedures, or other procedures (including legislation) or substances that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose. related concepts For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose use 'Ineffective' For completed efforts and actions that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual' (synonym of 'futile'). For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent'). For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' - this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well or as often as exopected,perhaps do to lack of effort. For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'. Corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'ineffective' in RHW: 1. not effective; not producing results; ineffectual: ineffective efforts; ineffective remedies. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ineffective' in WordNet: 1. ineffective, uneffective, ineffectual - (not producing an intended effect; 'an ineffective teacher'; 'ineffective legislation')
Super-classes	EffectivenessValue^c Undesirable^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	UnableToFunction^c Wrecked^c Inefficient^c Suboptimal^c

Ineffectual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ineffectual`
Description	An attribute value of an PurposefulAction that did not achieves its intended purpose. This does not mean that the Action accomplished nothing at all useful (it may produce something useful), just that it did not achieve some minimum criterion of what was originally intended or aimed at. For Actions that did not produce any significant part of the intended result the subattribute ''Futile'' can be used. related concepts For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose use '"Ineffective' For completed efforts and actions that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual' (synonym of 'futile'). For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent'). For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' - this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well or as often as expected,perhaps due to lack of effort. For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'. Includes sense 2 of 'futile' adjective sense 1 of 'ineffectual' and sense 2 of 'unproductive' in WordNet: 2. (2) bootless, fruitless, futile, sleeveless, vain - (unproductive of success; 'a fruitless search'; 'futile years after her artistic peak'; 'a sleeveless errand'; 'a vain attempt') WN 'ineffective' 1. ineffective, uneffective, ineffectual - (not producing an intended effect; 'an ineffective teacher'; 'ineffective legislation') WN adj 'unproductive': 2. unproductive - (not producing desired results; 'the talks between labor and management were unproductive')
Super-classes	EventAttributeValue^c EffectivenessValue^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Futile^c

Inefficiency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inefficiency`
Description	''Inefficiency'' is an ''Inability'' to perform some specific task `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inefficiency' in WordNet: 1. inefficiency - (unskillfulness resulting from a lack of efficiency)`
Super-classes	Quality^c Inability^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Productivity^c agentLacks^op value Productivity^c

Inefficient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inefficient

Description

''Inefficient'' is a form of being 'Ineffective'', where the effectiveness measure is a ratio of effort to results.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inefficient' in Wordnet:
         1. inefficient - (not producing desired results; wasteful;
            'an inefficient campaign against drugs'; 'outdated and inefficient design and methods')

Super-classes Ineffective^c

Inelegance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inelegance

Description

''Inelegance'' is the nominalized form of 'inelegant' - things that are ''inelegant'' have ''Inelegance''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inelegance' in WordNet:
        1. inelegance - (the quality of lacking refinement and good taste)

Super-classes Quality^c

Inelegant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inelegant`
Description	''Inelegant'' is the attribute of Actions that are not ''Elegant'' in the sense that they do not conform to prevailing standards of acceptible behavior. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inelegant' in WordNet: 1. inelegant - (lacking in refinement or grace or good taste)`
Super-classes	Impolite^c
Sub-classes	Obscene^c Profane^c

InelegantSpeech^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InelegantSpeech`
Description	''InelegantSpeech'' is a parent type of utterances considered as ''Inelegant, i.e. lacking refinement (A WordNet category). This has a lot of overlap with 'impolite speech' `NOTE that this is the sound waves of ''Speech'', produced by 'Speaking''. Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech Profanity - Profane - Profaneness Cursing - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy`
Super-classes	Speech^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impolite^c
Sub-classes	VulgarSpeech^c Obscenity^c Profanity^c

Inequality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inequality`
Description	Each Inequality is a ''Quality' of a Group of (usually) two entities, such that the AttributeValues differ perceptibly. NOTE: both 'inequality' and 'disparity' are used to express the state of being unequal, with somewhat different usage; though they are not represented as synoyms in WordNet, the glosses suggest close similarity. In RHW this can be seen from the definitions: RHW 'inequality': 1. the condition of being unequal; lack of equality; disparity: inequality of size. RHW 'disparity': lack of similarity or equality; inequality; difference: a disparity in age; disparity in rank. This is a state of a ''Group'' (which can be a ''Group' each of whose elements is also a ''Group'') and the attribute(s) with respect to which any ''OrderedPair'' of the elements of the Group are 'unequal' by using the relation ''subjectsHaveDifference'' (pointing to a ''Difference'') The term 'disparity' is often used to refer to inequality of social starus between groups of people, expecially rich and poor: RHW 'inequality': 2. social disparity: inequality between the rich and the poor. This type ''Inequality'' is the general type of any two or more things being 'unequal' in any respect. The subtype ''Disparity'' is used to represent the more specific type of ''Inequality'' between two or more ''GroupOfPeople''s (usually two) with respect to living conditions, typically due to differences in income and/or wealth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inequality' in WordNet: 1. (1) inequality - (lack of equality; 'the growing inequality between rich and poor') WN noun 'disparity': 1. disparity - (inequality or difference in some respect)
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unlike^c isPerformedBy^op some Group^c
Sub-classes	Disparity^c

Inequity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inequity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inequity' in WordNet: 1. unfairness, inequity - (injustice by virtue of not conforming with rules or standards)`
Super-classes	Injustice^c

Inert^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inert

Description

''Inert'' is a form of ''Stable'' characterizing chemical substances (instances of ''ChemicalSubstanceType'') that do not react with other chemical substanes except under special situations such as high heat or pressure or the use of some highly ''ChemicallyReactive'' other chemical. This is used commonly of the 'rare gases' also called the 'inert gases' such as Helium, Neon, Argon, Xenon and Radon.

     For animals that are slow to move or act use ''Torpid''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inert' in Wordnet:
        2. (1) inert, indifferent, neutral - (having only a limited ability to react chemically; 
            chemically inactive; 'inert matter'; 'an indifferent chemical in a reaction')

Super-classes Stable^c

Inevitability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inevitability`
Description	''Inevitability'' is a ''Quality'' (a ''Persistenttate'') for future Events or Situations that are highly llikely (informally ''Certain'') to occur. This is hedged because no future event is absolutely certain to occur, but the probability can be so high that the possibility of it not occurring may be ignored in planning. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inevitability' in WordNet: 1. (1) inevitability, inevitableness - (the quality of being unavoidable)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Inevitable^c isAnAttributeOf^op value FutureSituation^c isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unavoidable^c

Inevitable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inevitable`
Description	'Inevitable' is an Attribute of ''FutureSituation''s that have a high probablity of occurring - a range of values from greater than 0.95 to 1. It is represented as having a Quantifier with any number greater than 0.95, and also having as Quantifier the ExclusiveNumberRange of 0.95 to 1.0. There should be only one Quantifier, but these are both used for testing purposes. Using this attribute implies that the event has not yet occurred at the time of the assertion. Linguistically this concept is expressed by phrases such as 'that outcome is certain' or 'he is sure to fail'. In the ontology, that would be expressed as: {?FutureSituation hasProbability SureToOccur}. For the case of the WordNet example 'the broken limb is likely to fall', one would create an Event in which someone wins (e.g. JohnsWin2013) and then assert: {JohnsWin2013 hasProbability SureToOccur} Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'sure' and sense 2 of 'inevitable' in WordNet: WN adj 'inevitable': 3. (4) certain, sure - (certain to occur; destined or inevitable; 'he was certain to fail'; 'his fate is certain'; 'In this life nothing is certain but death and taxes'- Benjamin Franklin; 'he faced certain death'; 'sudden but sure regret'; 'he is sure to win') 2. (3) inevitable - (invariably occurring or appearing; 'the inevitable changes of the seasons')
Super-classes	Certain^c
Sub-classes	Unavoidable^c

Inexpensive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inexpensive`
Description	'Inexpensive' can describe a price in both relative and absolute terms - a penny candy is inexpensive, as a type, but some candies may be more expensive in certain stores than in others. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'inexpensive' in Wordnet: 1. (4) cheap, inexpensive - (relatively low in price or charging low prices; 'it would have been cheap at twice the price'; 'inexpensive family restaurants')`
Super-classes	Affordable^c
Sub-classes	Cheap^c BargainPriced^c

Inexperienced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inexperienced

Description

''Inexperienced'' is an attribute of people who have little experience at some activity.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inexperienced' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) inexperienced, inexperient - (lacking practical experience or training)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Infallible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infallible

Description

''Infallible'' is the attribute of ''Person'' or procedural Method that (nominally) does not err, or does not fail at some type of activity. Few if any people make no mistakes,but some make few enough to be considered as 'infallible', at least in some type of Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infallible' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) infallible - (incapable of failure or error; 'an infallible antidote'; 
              'an infallible memory'; 'the Catholic Church considers the Pope infallible'; 
              'no doctor is infallible')

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Infancy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infancy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infancy' in WordNet: 1. (3) infancy, babyhood, early childhood - (the early stage of growth or development`
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Infant^c isTheStartingPartOf^op value Childhood^c

Infant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infant

Description

A Human at an age of less than one year.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infant' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) baby, babe, infant - (a very young child 
        (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk;
        'isn't she too young to have a baby?')

Super-classes YoungHuman^c

Infantile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infantile

Description

The Attribute of an Infant (human or other animal whose newborn young differs significantly in capability from older but still immature animals. For humans, usually applied to the first year of life up to 'toddler' stage.

   This is not the pejorative term denigrating a person's actions.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'infantile' in Wordnet:
      3. infantile - (being or befitting or characteristic of an infant; 'infantile games')

Super-classes BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute^c

Infantry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infantry

Description

This 'Infantry' represents the Infantry as a type of Army unit, and includes any given unit of Infantry as a subtype.

    CYC: 'InfantryUnit-MilitarySpecialty':
        The collection of all military units that fight on foot.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infantry' in WordNet:
          1. (13) infantry, foot - (an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot;
             'there came ten thousand horsemen and as many fully-armed foot')

Super-classes ArmyUnit^c
ModernMilitaryOrganization^c

Infantryman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infantryman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infantryman' in WordNet: 1. (2) infantryman, marcher, foot soldier, footslogger - (fights on foot with small arms)`
Super-classes	Soldier^c
Sub-classes	Grenadier^c

Infected^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infected

Description

''Infected''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infected' in Wordnet:
          1. septic, infected - (containing or resulting
               from disease-causing organisms; 'a septic sore throat'; 
               'a septic environment'; 'septic sewage')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InfectingByContact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingByContact`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. Instances of #$InfectingByContact are infecting occuring as contact with pathogen.
Super-classes	InfectingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c

InfectingByIngestion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingByIngestion`
Description	A collection of events. Instances of #$InfectingByIngestion are infecting occuring as ingestion of pathogens.
Super-classes	InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission^c InfectingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Ingesting^c

InfectingByInhalation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingByInhalation`
Description	A collection of #$InfectingEvents. Instances of `#$InfectingByInhalation are #$InfectingEvents that are the result of inhalation of airborne pathogens.`
Super-classes	InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission^c InfectingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Inhaling-BreathingIn^c

InfectingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingEvent`
Description	COSMO note: in an InfectingEvent, only part of an organism may be infected. In each infection, some infectious agent (virus or microorganism) begins to reproduce in some 'HostForParasite'. This sense includes both the transmission event from another organism (someone infects you with their cold) and the Event in which the disease organism itself is considered as the agent (the virus infected the mice). A number of more specific subtypes of InfectingEvent defined in Cyc have been included, though they are not necessarily primitive elements. Each InfectingEvent causes an Infection (an AilmentCondition). Cyc: The collection of events in which some instance of #$Organism-Whole is infected. The infectious agent can be transmitted from any partially tangible thing. An important specialization of this collection is that of events in which the pathogen comes from an infected host, see #$InfectionTransmissionEvent. NOTE: In Cyc, there are a number of subtypes of InfectingEvent, among them being the more specific type, which in Cyc is called 'InfectionTransmissionEvent', which corresponds more closely to this COSMO type, and has the documentation: CYC: A specialization of #$InfectingEvent. Each instance of #$InfectionTransmissionEvent is an event in which some infection is transmitted from one host to another (where both the old and new hosts are instances of #$BiologicalLivingObject). Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'infect' and noun sense 3 of 'infection' in WordNet: 1. (2) infect - (communicate a disease to; 'Your children have infected you with this head cold') 2. (1) infect, taint - (contaminate with a disease or microorganism) WN noun 'infection': 3. infection - ((medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease)
Super-classes	PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c ActionOnObject^c ContaminationEvent^c TransferIn^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Infection^c causes^op value CatchingAnInfectiousDisease^c hadThingTransferred^op value InfectiousAgent^c
Sub-classes	InfectingByContact^c InfectingEvent-DirectTransmission^c InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission^c InfectingByIngestion^c InfectingByInhalation^c

InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmissions in which microbial aerosols (see #$AerosolStuff) are disseminated to a portal of entry, usually the respiratory tract. Microbial aerosols are suspensions in the air of #$Particles consisting partially or wholly of #$Microorganisms. #$Particles in the 1 to 5 #$Micron range are easily drawn into the alveoli of the lungs and may be retained there, causing #$Infection.
Super-classes	InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission^c
Sub-classes	InfectingByInhalation^c

InfectingEvent-BiologicalVectorBorneTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingEvent-BiologicalVectorBorneTransmission`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmissions in which the infectious agent infects a living #$Animal (see #$infectingVector) before developing into a form that can infect a #$Vertebrate host species. The pathogen must propagate (multiply), develop cyclically, or both inside the vector before the vector is capable of transmitting the pathogen in its infective form. The time period between the infection of the vector and the pathogen becoming infective to a different host species is the extrinsic incubation period for the infectious agent. The infectious agent may be transmitted to a #$Vertebrate host in several ways which include via saliva during biting, or by regurgitation or deposition of feces or other material on the skin which penetrates through the bite wound or through the abrasions caused by scratching.
Super-classes	InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission^c

InfectingEvent-DirectTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingEvent-DirectTransmission`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvents in which there is a direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent or pathogen (see #$Microorganism) to a receptive portal (see #$infectingOccursAt) through which an #$Organism-Whole becomes infected. Examples include transferring pathogens via touching, kissing, biting, sexual intercourse, projection of droplet spray into mucous membranes, direct exposure of tissue to agents in soil, and transplacental transmission. Contrast with #$InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission.
Super-classes	InfectingEvent^c

InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvents in which there is an indirect transfer of an infectious agent or pathogen (see #$Microorganism) via some intermediary to a receptive portal (see #$infectingOccursAt) through which an #$Organism-Whole becomes infected. The intermediary can be inanimate or living, and if living may itself be infected or not. Contrast with #$InfectingEvent-DirectTransmission. The major subcollections are #$InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission, #$InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission, and #$InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission.
Super-classes	InfectingEvent^c
Sub-classes	InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission^c InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission^c InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission^c

InfectingEvent-MechanicalVectorBorneTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingEvent-MechanicalVectorBorneTransmission`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmissions in which the infectious agent is merely transported by a living #$Animal to a susceptible host (see #$infectingVector). For example, an insect vector may carry the infectious agent on its feet or proboscis as it flies and crawls or the infectious agent may pass through its gastrointestinal tract. Another example would be a rodent carrying fleas infected with the #$Plague-Bacterium. A rodent's transporting the fleas is an example of a #$InfectingEvent-MechanicalVectorBorneTransmission. In contrast, a biting by an infected flea would be an example of a #$InfectingEvent-BiologicalVectorBorneTransmission because the flea is infected by #$Plague-Bacterium and the latter undergoes part of its life cycle within the flea before the flea can transmit the infective form of #$Plague-Bacterium.
Super-classes	InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission^c

InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmissions in which either a #$Vertebrate or #$Invertebrate animal serves as the intermediary (a vector) by which an infectious agent is carried to and infects a susceptible host.
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission^c
Sub-classes	InfectingEvent-MechanicalVectorBorneTransmission^c InfectingEvent-BiologicalVectorBorneTransmission^c

InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmissions in which contaminated inanimate objects or substances serve as an intermediate means by which an infectious agent is transported to receptive portal (see #$infectingOccursAt) through which an #$Organism-Whole may become infected. The infectious agent may or may not have multiplied on or in the vehicle before being transmitted. Since the vehicle is inanimate, the vehicle cannot itself become infected. Potential vehicles of infection include toys, bedding, eating utensils and surgical instruments; substances such as food, water, milk; and biological products such as blood, plasma, tissue.
Super-classes	InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission^c
Sub-classes	InfectingByIngestion^c

Infection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infection`
Description	A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of #$Infection is an ailment condition in which microorganisms are abnormally present (or abnormally numerous) within an animal's body. The microorganisms involved in an infection may be instances of the collections #$Bacterium, #$Virus, or #$ProtistaKingdom. Specializations of #$Infection include #$Bronchitis, #$Tonsillitis, and #$SexuallyTransmittedInfection (which has further specializations). This is the Persistent state of being infected: WN sense 3 of 'infection', meaning 'becoming infected' is represented as ''InfectingEvent''. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'infection' and sense 1 of 'infectious disease' in Wordnet: 1. (9) infection - (the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms) 3. infection - ((medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease) WN noun 'infectious disease': 1. (3) infectious disease - (a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact)
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op some PathogenicMicroorganism^c isCausedBy^op value InfectingEvent^c hasSubEvent^op value SpreadingOfaPathogen^c
Sub-classes	ProtozoalInfection^c FungalInfection^c Tonsillitis^c ViralOrBacterialInfection^c

InfectionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectionType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Infection as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	AilmentType^c
Sub-classes	ViralOrBacterialInfectionType^c
In domain of	isCausedByPathogen^op
In range of	causesInfectiousDisease^op
Members	Cholera Typhus VenerealDisease Herpes Cold-Illness Rabies Gonorrhea BacterialPneumonia ProtozoalInfection FocalInfection Measles PneumococcalPneumonia Mumps Leprosy Influenza AnthraxInfection TyphoidFever Mononucleosis Rubella RickettsialDisease FungalInfection Tuberculosis SmallpoxInfection COVID-19_Infection Sepsis Infection Diphtheria Ebola StrepThroat Tetanus Shingles ViralPneumonia StaphylococcalInfection Malaria Septicemia Syphilis Polio

Infectious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infectious`
Description	an AttributeValue of certain microorganisms, of diseases, and also of animals carrying those microorganisms; infectious objects are capable of causing an Infection in another organism. These two senses should be distinguished. NOTE the term 'contagious' is also used in this sense, including of people who may spread a disease, but is not in WN in this sense. RHW 'contagious': 2. carrying or spreading a contagious disease. Includes adjective senses 1, and 3 of 'infectious' in WordNet: 1. (7) infectious, infective - (caused by infection or capable of causing infection; 'viruses and other infective agents'; 'a carrier remains infective without himself showing signs of the disease') 3. infectious - (of or relating to infection; 'infectious hospital'; 'infectious disease')
Super-classes	BiologicalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Virulent^c

InfectiousAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectiousAgent`
Description	Any Organism, Virus, or other agent (e.g. prion) that can cause disease and be transmitted (by any means) between hosts. May not differ from 'Pathogen', unless there are 'Pathogens' that cannot be transmitted among hosts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infectious agent' in WordNet: 1. infectious agent, infective agent - (an agent capable of producing infection)`
Super-classes	Pathogen^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Infectious^c presenceCauses^op value Infection^c
Sub-classes	Prion^c CoronaVirus^c PathogenicMicroorganism^c

InfectiousReservoir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfectiousReservoir`
Description	An Organism that can serve as a Source of an Infectious agent, whether or not the 'InfectiousReservoir' itself is adversely affected by the infectious agent. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'reservoir' in WordNet: 4. reservoir, source - (anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies; 'an infectious agent depends on a reservoir for its survival')`
Super-classes	Organism^c Source^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Infection^c

Inferior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inferior`
Description	This 'inferior' is very general, for things that are not as good as others in some respect. In contrast to ''Worse'' the use of this adjectie does not imply that the thing this is inferior to is itself in some way ''Bad''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inferior' in Wordnet: 2. (1) inferior - (of low or inferior quality)`
Super-classes	Worse^c
Sub-classes	Disadvantaged^c LowerRanking^c InferiorRanking^c

InferiorRanking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InferiorRanking

Description

''InferiorRanking'' characterizes things that have a 'lower' rank or status in some respect other than in an Organization hierarchy (for which use subattribute ''LowerRanking''); this is for evaluative judgments that depend on the opinion of the evaluator, or for lower 'importance', depends on the criterion and context for judging importance.

      This can be used for emotional or intuitive evaluations of people
        including those based on prejudice of racism, as well as those based on an
        evaluation of skill or capability.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inferior' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) inferior - (of or characteristic of low rank or importance)

Super-classes Inferior^c

Inferiority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inferiority`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inferiority' in WordNet: 1. (1) inferiority, lower status, lower rank - (the state of being inferior)`
Super-classes	LowStatus^c

InferredAssertion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InferredAssertion

Description

An InferredAssertion is an Assertion that was created by a process of inference, and was not directly asserted by some source.

   @ToDo: does this really differ from a 'Conclusion''?

Super-classes Assertion^c
Conclusion^c

Inferring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inferring`
Description	''Inferring'' is a final stage in one line of 'Reasoning' in which an IntelligentAgent concludes that an Assertion is true (within some system of axioms, formal or informal, explicit or assumed) by a series of one or more deductive steps. This may be only one of many steps in a larger reasoning process. This differs from ''Proving'' in being less formal and not necesarily using the formally accepted methods of proving things. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'infer' and verb sense 1 of 'conclude' and approximately to noun sense 1 of 'inference' in Wordnet: 1. (3) deduce, infer, deduct, derive - (reason by deduction; establish by deduction) 2. (1) generalize, generalise, extrapolate, infer - (draw from specific cases for more general cases) WN noun 'inference': 1. (6) inference, illation - (the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation) WN verb 'conclude': 1. (36) reason, reason out, conclude - (decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion; 'We reasoned that it was cheaper to rent than to buy a house') WN verb 'deduce': 1. (7) deduce, infer, deduct, derive - (reason by deduction; establish by deduction) 2. (2) deduce, infer - (conclude by reasoning; in logic)
Super-classes	Deciding^c Reasoning^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Conclusion^c typicallyFinishes^op value Reasoning^c
Sub-classes	Analogizing^c Equating^c InferringaProblemSolution^c Proving^c

InferringaProblemSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InferringaProblemSolution`
Description	''InferringaProblemSolution'' is a form of 'Inferring'' in which an IntelligentAgent uses ''Reasoning'' to determine how to solve a problem by creating a ''ProblemSolvingProcedure''.
Super-classes	Inferring^c
Restrictions	causes^op some KnowingHowToSolveaProblem^c

Infertile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infertile

Description

'Infertile'' characterizes organisms that cannot reproduce, even after they have reached the age of sexual maturity.

     CYC: #$SexuallyMature, but inable to reproduce.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infertile' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) sterile, unfertile, infertile - (incapable of reproducing;
             'an infertile couple')

Super-classes Unable^c

Infertility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infertility`
Description	''Infertility''is an ''OrganismCondition'' in which the Organism is incapable of reproducing - used usually for sexual reproduction. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infertility' in WordNet: 1. sterility, infertility - (the state of being unable to produce offspring; in a woman it is an inability to conceive; in a man it is an inability to impregnate)`
Super-classes	SleepDisorder^c
Restrictions	isTheInabilityToPerformActionType^op value BiologicalReproductionEvent^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Infertile^c

Infestation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infestation`
Description	An ''Infestation'' is a ''HavingOrganismsInside''where the Organisms are undesireble and have a density sufficient to cause damage or distress. Used for some diseases of plants and the presence of vermin. CYC: The collection of infestations, events in which a large group of unwelcome animals, generally insects, congregates in a particular location. It is important in infestations that there be a fairly high density, in the sense of number of animals per area or volume. The proportion of volume taken up by the animals doesn't matter: a dozen elephants might virtually fill one's house, but the house is not thereby infested with elephants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infestation' in WordNet: 1. infestation - (the state of being invaded or overrun by parasites)
Super-classes	Abundance^c HavingOrganismsInside^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op value Vermin^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Infested^c
Sub-classes	Scabies^c

Infested^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infested`
Description	''Infested'' is an attribute of Places or Objects that have more than a few ''Vermin'' living there. NOTE that any undesirable animal could be cosidered ''Vermin'' when present where they are undesirable and unpleasant or harmful. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infested' in Wordnet: 1. (2) infested, overrun, plagued - ((often followed by 'with' or used in combination) troubled by or encroached upon in large numbers; 'waters infested with sharks'; 'shark-infested waters'; 'the locust-overrun countryside'; 'drug-plagued streets')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Lousy^c

Infidelity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infidelity`
Description	''Infidelity'' is the ''Quality'' of a Person who fails to adhere to sexual relations with someone other than his/her spouse. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish marital infidelity from other types. The more general sense is represented in COSMO as ''Infidelity'', but the associated WN synsets are the same. The distinction in RHW is defined as RHW noun 'infidelity'; this is for sense 2: 1. marital disloyalty; adultery. 2. unfaithfulness; disloyalty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infidelity' in WordNet: 1. (2) infidelity, unfaithfulness - (the quality of being unfaithful)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Faithless^c
Sub-classes	MaritalInfidelity^c Disloyalty^c

InfiltratingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfiltratingaGroup`
Description	''InfiltratingaGroup'' is the action of some Person who is trying to get information about a GroupOfPeople peraps for a government agency) joining that group so as to learn information not available to outsiders. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'infiltrate' in WordNet: 2. (1) infiltrate, penetrate - (enter a group or organization in order to spy on the members; 'The student organization was infiltrated by a traitor')`
Super-classes	JoiningAnOrganization^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value SecretAgent^c

Infinite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infinite`
Description	''Infinite'' specifies a quantity characterizing a number of entities or of measures, specifying that the measure is larger than anything that can be measured. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infinite' in Wordnet: 1. (8) infinite - (having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude; 'the infinite ingenuity of man'; 'infinite wealth')`
Super-classes	Numerous^c
Restrictions	isBiggerThan^op value Finite^c

Infinitely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infinitely

Description

''Infinitely'' is an AdverbialModifier that lexically appears as the adverbial form of the adjective 'infinite' but whose meaning is even closer to the adverbial form of 'limitless' - to increase infinitely is to increase without limit - in 'a limitless manner'.

         Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'infinitely' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) boundlessly, immeasurably, infinitely - (without bounds; 'he is infinitely wealthy')
           2. (1) infinitely, endlessly - (continuing forever without end; 
                 'there are infinitely many possibilities')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Inflamed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inflamed

Description

''Inflamed'' is the attribute of some ''AnimalBodyPart'' that is experiencing ''Inflammation''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inflamed' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) inflamed - (resulting from inflammation; hot and swollen 
            and reddened; 'eyes inflamed with crying')

Super-classes Reddened^c
Abnormal^c
PastParticiple^c

Inflammation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inflammation`
Description	''Inflammation'' is a condition that can occur in any tissue characterized by various symptoms of an'inflamatory response' including pain, redness (for external parts), and metabolic responses attacking tissue. it is often a result of infection or injury,but may be due to other causes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inflammation' in WordNet: 1. inflammation, redness, rubor - (a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat)`
Super-classes	Symptom^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Inflamed^c hasSymptom^op value Reddening^c
Sub-classes	Appendicitis^c Hepatitis^c Conjunctivitis^c Bursitis^c Sinusitis^c Diverticulitis^c Tonsillitis^c Bronchitis^c Arthritis^c

Inflammatory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inflammatory`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inflammatory' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inflammatory - (characterized or caused by inflammation; 'an inflammatory process'; 'an inflammatory response')`
Super-classes	Troublesome^c

InflammatoryDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InflammatoryDisease`
Description	An ''InflammatoryDisease'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inflammatory disease' in WordNet: 1. inflammatory disease - (a disease characterized by inflammation)`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Inflammation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inflammatory^c
Sub-classes	SoreThroat^c

Inflatable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inflatable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inflatable' in Wordnet: 1. inflatable - (designed to be filled with air or gas; 'an inflatable mattress'; 'an inflatable boat')`
Super-classes	Distensible^c

InflatableContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InflatableContainer`
Description	An ''InflatableContainer'' is a ''FlexibleObject'' that is a ''ContainerArtifact'' that can be filled with a ''FluidObject'' and as more of the fluid is added, the volume increases until it reaches the limit of capacity of the Container. Some kinds of water bottles or large water bags are included, as well as inflatable balls such as ''SoccerBall'' and ''FootballBall-American''. `NOTE: Biological containers that might distend such as bladders or lungs are not included in this type.`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c FlexibleObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inflatable^c isModifiedInEvent^op value InflatingAction^c
Sub-classes	BasketballBall^c InflatedBall^c VolleyballBall^c FootballBall-American^c RugbyBall^c Blimp^c SoccerBall^c

Inflated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inflated

Description

''Inflated'' is the attribute of some flexible PhysicalObject that has experienced an ''InflatingAction'' and has not become deflated either intentionally or due to leakage of the gas.

    In CYC an Object, in COSMO an attribute.
    CYC: The state of being filled up with air or another
        kind of gas: e.g. a filled balloon.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inflated' in Wordnet:
        2. inflated - (expanded by (or as if by) gas or air; 'an inflated balloon')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

InflatedBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InflatedBall`
Description	An ''InflatedBall'' is a ''Ball'' that is an ''InflatableContainer'' that has been inflated to the proper level for playing a game.
Super-classes	InflatableContainer^c Ball^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inflated^c
Sub-classes	VolleyballBall^c BasketballBall^c

InflatingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InflatingAction`
Description	An ''InflatingAction'' is an action in which an agent intentionally injects a Fluid (usually water or a gas) - air, helium, etc. - into a flexible object (an ''InflatableContainer'') that can act as a container for the fluid, thereby causing it to increase in volume. This can be for inflating automobile tires, basketballs or soccer balls or footballs, party balloons, weather balloons, and some airships (blimps), or any other inflatable object. `NOTE: For the more common and specific Action of inflating using a ''Gas'',use subtype ''InflatingWithaGas''. When a liquid is added to a flexible container, that is usually referred to as ''filling'' rather than inflating. The distinction will be clear from the type of thing inflated (or subtypes can be created) Includes but is broader than (includes liquids) verb sense 1 of 'inflate' in WordNet: 1. (2) inflate, blow up - (fill with gas or air; 'inflate a balloons')`
Super-classes	ExpandingInVolume^c Inserting^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Volume^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Inflated^c hadObjectMoved^op some FluidType^c hadObjectModified^op value InflatableContainer^c
Sub-classes	InflatingWithaGas^c

InflatingWithaGas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InflatingWithaGas`
Description	''InflatingWithaGas'' is an ''InflatingAction'' in which the ''fluid' inserted into the ''InflatableContainer'' is a ''Gas'' such as ''Air'' or ''Helium'', or in some cases (e.g. Hindenberg), ''Hydrogen''. This can be for inflating automobile tires, basketballs or soccer balls or footballs, party balloons, weather balloons, airships, or any other inflatable object. This cannot be used for filling liquid containers that are flexible and expandable. `Includes but is broader than (includes liquids) verb sense 1 of 'inflate' in WordNet: 1. (2) inflate, blow up - (fill with gas or air; 'inflate a balloons')`
Super-classes	InflatingAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some Gas^c hadObjectModified^op value InflatableContainer^c

Inflation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inflation`
Description	Inflation is the increase (or decrease) of prices of some set of good and or services, measured in some unit of currency over some period of time. The EconomicIndicator that measures Inflation is the change of purchasing value of some unit of currency, affecting all agents that use that currency. There are several measures of Inflation, which are aggregate prices for different sets of goods and/or services. The most commonly discussed are the CPI, the consumer price index, and the `Corresponds to part verb noun sense 1 of 'inflation' in WordNet: 1. (1) inflation, rising prices - (a general and progressive increase in prices; 'in inflation everything gets more valuable except money')`
Super-classes	MacroeconomicEvent^c
Restrictions	isMeasuredBy^op some InflationRate^c
Sub-classes	Disinflation^c Deflation^c

InflationRate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InflationRate`
Description	'InflationRate' is the rate of increase of prices of some set of goods and/or services, measured in some unit of currency over some period of time. This is the measure for 'Inflation'. Typically it is expressed as some percent change (increase or decrease) in prices per year or per month. Other periods of time can be used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inflation rate' in WordNet: 1. inflation rate, rate of inflation - (the rate of change of prices (as indicated by a price index) calculated on a monthly or annual basis)`
Super-classes	RateUnit^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op some FrequencyUnit^c isAnAttributeOf^op some CurrencyUnit^c hasRepeatedEntity^op some PercentNumber^c

Inflection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inflection`
Description	''Inflection'' is a ''PronunciationManner'' (a ''MannerOfSpeaking'') that results from the combined interaction of pitch, timing, and stress (emphasis) for syllables in spoken language. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inflection' in WordNet: 2. (1) prosody, inflection - (the patterns of stress and intonation in a language)`
Super-classes	MannerOfSpeaking^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value StressedSyllable^c hasComponentElement^op value Pitch^c

InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone`
Description	Each ''InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone'' is a more specific subtype of ''CausingaNegativeSituation'' in which one Person intentionally causes a second Person to experience an ''UnpleasantEvent'' (which could be a PersistentState). `NOTE:in this type of two-person interaction COSMO does not yet have a method for reifying the subject Person doing something from the Object Person to whom the thing is done. This can be done in instances of this action using instances of Person, but in the type it is obscure. @@ToDo1557: don't wait for FOL version!!. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inflict' in WordNet: 1. (9) inflict, bring down, visit, impose - (impose something unpleasant; 'The principal visited his rage on the students')`
Super-classes	BadThing^c CausingaNegativeSituation^c
Restrictions	isBadFor^op value AffectedPerson^c isPerformedBy^op some Person^c hadAgentHarmed^op some AffectedPerson^c causes^op some UnpleasantEvent^c
Sub-classes	MistreatingaPerson^c

InfluencingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfluencingAnAgent`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$PurposefulActions. In each instance of #$InfluencingAnAgent, one #$IntelligentAgent deliberately and successfully influences the actions of another (or at least the other's dispositions to act). This collection is restricted to influence through cognitive or emotional channels - e.g. influencing someone through rational persuasion, through appeals to emotion, or by #$MakingAThreat. Affecting someone's behavior solely by the application of physical force - e.g. twisting your arm to make you cry out - is not influencing in the relevant sense. Also, this collection does not include cases where an agent A influences the actions of B unknowingly - e.g., by serving as a role model for B, or by unintentionally alienating B. Borderline cases involve the influenced agent acting in a way the influencer did not envision - e.g. my telling you to be more assertive in your personal relationships, and you responding to the advice (to my horror) by beating someone up. `The concept 'to be influenced' here means to have opinions or actions changed, not merely to perceive or react to something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'influence' in WordNet: 1. (20) influence, act upon, work - (have and exert influence or effect; 'The artist's work influenced the young painter'; 'She worked on her friends to support the political candidate')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Convincing-CommunicationAct^c Supervising^c GettingSoeonesAttention^c Deceiving^c PrejudicingaPerson^c Governing^c ControlOverOthers^c Deception-Generic^c Containment^c Enculturation^c

Influential^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Influential`
Description	'Influential' is the attribute of an InfluentialPerson, attributing an ability to affect the beliefs and attitudes of another person, or of many other persons. This is more specialized than 'AbilityToInfluencePeople' in that the influential ability of 'Influential' is based on persuasion, and not on any element of force, such as financial force or authority. It can also be used to attribute the AbilityToInfluencePeople to agents other than individual people, such as newspapers and other organizations. `A Person who is Influential is an InfluentialPerson and that Person also has the capability 'AbilityToInfluencePeople'. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'influential' and sense 2 of 'eminent' in WordNet: 1. (2) influential - (having or exercising influence or power; 'an influential newspaper'; 'influential leadership for peace') WN adj 'eminent': 2. eminent, high - (standing above others in quality or position; 'people in high places'; 'the high priest'; 'eminent members of the community')`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	HighlyInfluential^c

InfluentialPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfluentialPerson`
Description	InfluentialPerson is a Person that has some kind of influence in changing the attitudes or beliefs or actions of some other people, outside of the immediate parent-child relation. This element is broadly construed to include people with different degress of influence on different numbers of people, from one person to all of humanity. No single word seems to capture this concept. For In WordNet the closest synsets seem to be 'big wheel' (for broad influence) to 'influence' sense 5 for personal influence: in WordNet: 1. big shot, big gun, big wheel, big cheese, big deal, big enchilada, big fish, head honcho - (an important influential person; 'he thinks he's a big shot'; 'she's a big deal in local politics'; 'the Qaeda commander is a very big fish') WN 'influence': 5. influence - (one having power to influence another; 'she was the most important influence in my life'; 'he was a bad influence on the children') WN noun 'personage': 2. important person, influential person, personage - (a person whose actions and opinions strongly influence the course of events)
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value AbilityToInfluencePeople^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Influential^c
Sub-classes	RoleModel^c ImportantPerson^c ReligiousFigure^c Guide^c Politician^c PolicyMaker^c UnitedStatesPresident^c Leader^c Manager^c

Influenza^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Influenza

Description

CYC: A fairly common type of respiratory viral infection.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'influenza' in WordNet:
        1. influenza, flu, grippe - (an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease)

Super-classes ViralInfection^c
RespiratoryAilment^c
ContagiousDisease^c
LifeThreateningCondition^c

Influx^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Influx`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'influx' in WordNet: 1. (1) inflow, influx - (the process of flowing in)`
Super-classes	Flow^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op value InsideOfSomething^c

Informal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Informal`
Description	Conforming only loosely or not at all to certain social rules; of behavior or of objects (such as clothing) expected for certain occasions. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'formal' in WordNet: 1. (3) informal - (not formal; 'conservative people unaccustomed to informal dress'; 'an informal free-and-easy manner'; 'an informal gathering of friends')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Conversational^c Easygoing^c Casual-OfClothing^c

Informally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Informally

Description

''Informally'' is a broadly applicable ''AdverbOfManner'' and ''AdverbialModifier'' that characterizes Actions taken without concern for adhering to formalities, and also modifies adjectives to assert that they are to be interpreted as pertaining to 'informal' things.

      For 'informally' pertaining to conversation or language, use ''Colloquially''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'informally' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) informally - (without formality; 'he visited us informally')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
AdverbialModifier^c

Informant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Informant`
Description	Any person who informs another, i.e. provides information to another person (makes LinguisticAssertions) , whether orally or by any other means of Communication; the information does not have to be true. 'My source was the New York Times' (from: Doctor Strangelove) 'anonymous sources' 'reliable sources' `This includes but is broader than the more specific sense of CYC 'informant' CYC This is the collection of people who are rewarded by the police for offering information about crimes and criminal activities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'informant' in WordNet: 1. (1) informant, source - (a person who supplies information)`
Super-classes	Communicator^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Informing^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value Informing^c
Sub-classes	Promiser^c Snitch^c Witness^c CourtWitness^c Testifier^c Gossiper^c Narrator^c Speaker^c

Information^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Information`
Description	'Information' in COSMO is treated as a GenericSubstance, and specific quantitities of 'Information' are treated as Objects ('InformationObject') composed of Information. Information can take many forms, but only exists in InformationObjects, which temselves only exist if represented in some PhysicalObject. Information can arise naturally, as in a DNA or RNA or Protein sequence. Treating ''Information'' as a Substance, its 'unitObject' is specified as an ''Assertion''. However, one ''Assertion'' can itself be said to contain ''Information'' - in that case, the information contained is the multiple inks from the assertion to other assertions related to that single Assertion. NOTE that Wordnet does not define 'InformationObject' as a separate concept. NOte: for 'information' that is conveyed by a 'message' use subtype ''Message'' Includes to noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'information' in WordNet: 1. (409) information, info - (a message received and understood) 2. (215) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') 3. (72) information - (knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction)
Super-classes	UsefulThing^c Resource^c GenericSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value Assertion^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informational^c
Sub-classes	InformationAboutaPlace^c InformationAboutaTopic^c PersonalInformation^c Propaganda^c EvidentiaryInformation^c BasicInformation^c

Information-Content^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Information-Content`
Description	Frrom Cyc: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A specialization of #$AbstractInformationalThing. Each instance of #$Information-Content is an abstract object that can be the content, or meaning, of some token in some language. A pair of tokens of linguistic objects mean the same thing just in case each has the same content as the other. Instance of this collection can be used to represent the content of an instance of #$ConceptualWork. Although 'information' and 'data' are in the same synset in Wordnet, in COSMO ''Data'' are the ''Datums'' acquired by acts of ''Observing'', and that term is narrower than inormation generally. This is a subtype of 'InformationObject', and is information that is represented in any form, usually a 'LinguisticAssertion', but it can be the content of multiple ''LinguisticAssertion''s, even ftional, or of bits or states in measurng devices (e.g. the reading on a mercury thermometer) or stored in any data storeage medium, including images in binary or graphical form or recordings of sounds. COSMO note: db997 @ToDo: the relation between 'Information-Content' and LinguisticAssertion is still unclear. This 'Information-Content' is intended to represent the abstract meaning of some information, regardless of its linguistic or other representation (the same 'Information-Content' can have different representations in different languages), but a 'Information-Content' must be represented by some set of symbols. The difference is, the same information in any language must translate or reduce to the same set of 'Information-Content' symbols, if it has the same meaning. But the same logical content may also be represented by different symbols. So, there should be* a canonical meaning representation (FOL?) and, if there is a 'Information-Content' in some other set of symbols, there must be an unambiguous translation to the canonical symbols. BUT as of rev997 @ToDo it is not required that such a phrase exist: there are a number of linguistic assertion instances, and these would have to have logical representations - should a LogicalSentence' be required?? NOTE that a 'LogicalSentence' is a Phrase, just as is a 'LinguisticAssertion', so there is no disjointness between 'Information-Content' and a 'LinguisticAssertion'. Corresponds roughly to one of the senses of 'information' in Wordnet and includes noun sense 2 of 'content' (but 'data' in COSMO is a separate subtype; sense 3 can be a subtype (as of rev1019 not directly represented??: in WordNet: 2. (215) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') WN noun 'content': 2. (8) message, content, subject matter, substance - (what a communication that is about something is about)
Super-classes	InformationObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informational^c
Sub-classes	AbstractDocument^c Humbug^c AdditionalInformation^c Irony^c PropositionalInformationThing^c Postulate^c Hint^c Data^c Publicity^c BodyOfaCommunication^c DisrespectfulComment^c Theme^c SecretInformation^c Proposition^c Humor^c Approval^c Datum^c PredicatePhrase^c

Information-encoding-system^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Information-encoding-system`
Description	DOLCE: ('Information-encoding-system') An information encoding system is a description that involves information objects. They can be divided into 1) axiomatic systems, which provide roles and operations to define formal descriptions (e.g. theories), 2) combinatorial systems, which provide roles and operations to create valid information objects (e.g. grammars), 3) classification systems, which are contexts of (ev. ordered) lists of information objects, and 4) informal encoding systems, which provide roles and operations to define informal descriptions (e.g. narratives)
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c FunctionalSystem^c InformationObject^c UsefulThing^c Description^c
Sub-classes	NotationalSystem^c Grammar^c CodingSystem^c KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c CommunicationConvention[Cyc]^c

InformationAboutaCave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationAboutaCave`
Description	''InformationAboutaCave'' is ''InformationAboutaPlace'' where the 'Place' is some ''Cave''. .
Super-classes	InformationAboutaPlace^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value Cave^c

InformationAboutaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationAboutaPlace`
Description	''InformationAboutaPlace'' is ''InformationAboutaTopic'' where the Topic is some ''Place'' - that can be on Earth or in space..
Super-classes	Information^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some Place^c
Sub-classes	InformationAboutaCave^c

InformationAboutaTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationAboutaTopic`
Description	''InformationAboutaTopic'' is 'Information' that has a main 'Topic'of .
Super-classes	Information^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some owl:Thing^c

InformationBearingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationBearingObject`
Description	COSMO: A SymbolicObject (an artifact) created as a symbol of something else, and bearing information. All texts and images of real-world things are examples. NOTE: IBO is for symbols that directly and primarily represent things, not for PO's such as computers that contain some symbols in them, but are not themselves primarily symbolic Approximate equivalents: InformationBearingObject (Cyc) ContentBearingObject (SUMO) COSMO note: Cyc interprets IBO to include utterances and gestures, but in COSMO this category is restricted to physical objects that are artifacts ('ArtifactObjects'), and excludes actions. In COSMO actions that contain information are included under 'InformationBearingThing'. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$InformationBearingThing and #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject. Each instance of #$InformationBearingObject is an object that can be interpreted, by an interpreter understanding its conventions, to yield a chunk or chunks of information. #$InformationBearingObject includes all of the following: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints, gestures, and utterances, which may be interpreted to yield information. Note: 'an IBO' abbreviates 'an information bearing object'. Cf. #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. See also #$containsInformation. COSMO note: this category is considerd approximately equivalent to the SUMO 'ContentbearingObject' SUMO: (ContentBearingObject) Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses content. This content may be a Proposition, e.g. when the ContentBearingObject is a Sentence or Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical object, as with an Icon, a Word or a Phrase.
Super-classes	SymbolicObject^c InformationBearingThing^c ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	HumanAccessibleIBO^c DocumentaryRecord^c Certificate^c LinguisticExpression_SUMO^c Tattoo^c ContentBearingObject^c Fossil^c Sextant^c PhysicalImage^c TrafficLight^c DigitalInformationBearingObject^c PlayingCard^c Compass^c PhysicalPage^c Recording^c DisplayDevice^c

InformationBearingThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationBearingThing`
Description	COSMO: although an 'InformationBearingThing' should be related in some way to the information it bears, to require by restriction that the information be specified would be very burdensome in discussing such objects. This type merely specifies that ''Information'' is carried, and subtypes can be more specific. CYC A collection of spatially-localized individuals, including various actions and events as well as physical objects. Each instance of #$InformationBearingThing (or IBT ) is an item that contains information (for an agent who knows how to interpret it). Examples: a copy of the novel Moby Dick; a signal buoy; a photograph; an elevator sign in Braille; a map; a US dollar bill; a resume; a musical score; copies of the #$CycProgram. For representations of the propositional content of information bearing things, see #$PropositionalInformationThing; but note that not all IBTs have a propositional content (cf. #$ArtObject). An important specialization of #$InformationBearingThing is #$InformationBearingObject, which comprises all of those IBTs that are also physical objects (i.e. #$PartiallyTangibles). Though often a subtle task in particular contexts, it is important to distinguish the various specializations of #$InformationBearingThing from those of #$AspatialInformationStore (whose instances are the chunks of information instantiated in particular IBTs; see #$instantiationOfAIT) and from those of #$ConceptualWork (whose instances are the conceptual or artistic creations that are instantiated in particular IBTs; see #$instantiationOfWork). For instance, #$TextString is a specialization of #$AspatialInformationStore, #$TextualMaterial is a specialization of #$InformationBearingThing, and #$TextualPCW is a specialization of #$ConceptualWork; to conflate any of these with another would be to make a category error . Also note that events in which information is transferred (see #$InformationTransferEvent) are not considered instances of #$InformationBearingThing. Rather, such transfer events have as one of their participants (see #$actors) some instance of #$InformationBearingThing; though in cases where IBTs are themselves events this will require distinguishing very finely between the event that encodes the information and the event that is the information transfer. See also the sense-modality-based specializations, #$SoundInformationBearingThing and #$VisualInformationBearingThing.
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c Resource^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Learning^c contains^op value Information^c
Sub-classes	HumanAccessibleIBT^c Joke-IBT^c AbstractSymbolicObject^c Warning^c Sign^c PlayingaVideoRecording^c AbstractView^c InformationBearingObject^c InformationStorageMedia^c SignalEvent^c ReplayingaRecording^c InformationRequest-IBT^c MusicalPerformance^c PlayingaSoundRecording^c VisualInformationBearingThing^c InformationStore^c Signal^c Informing^c Page^c PerformingArtActivity^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c
In domain of	hasInformationContent^op
In range of	hasInformationContent^op

InformationBearingWavePropagation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationBearingWavePropagation`
Description	An Event in which a Wave is emitted and propagated through a medium, containing information encoded in it by some IntelligentAgent. Note that this includes the emission as well as at least part of the propagation. Note that 'MovieShowing' is a subtype. `Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationBearingThing and #$WavePropagation. Each instance of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation is a wave propagation event that carries information for interpreters who understand its conventions. Notable specializations of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation include #$Music, #$VisualImage, and #$SpokenUtterance-IBT.`
Super-classes	EmittingAWave^c SignalEvent^c WavePropagationEvent^c
Sub-classes	AnimalSound^c Broadcasting^c ActionShowing^c OpticalSignalTransmission^c MovieShowing^c SoundInformationBearingThing^c

InformationDisseminatingSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationDisseminatingSystem`
Description	An ''InformationDisseminatingSystem'' is any ''System'' (more than one thing connected to perform a function) whose purpose is to disseminate information to one or more people beyond the range of the human voice.
Super-classes	FunctionalSystem^c Resource^c
Sub-classes	MediumOfCommunication^c

InformationGathering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationGathering`
Description	A specialization of both #$Action and #$InformationTransferEvent. In each instance of #$InformationGathering, some instance of #$IntelligentAgent gathers information about something. This type is more specialized than the general 'Inquiring' in that the information sought should be more than just one fact, and should be a Group of facts that relate to some common topic. `InformationGathering is Learning, even if the information sought is not found, as something must be learned in the process - at least the absence of information in the location searched. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'information gathering' in WordNet: 1. information gathering - (the act of collecting information)`
Super-classes	InformationTransferEvent^c Collecting^c Inquiring^c Learning^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	Surveying^c Archiving^c NewsGathering^c TouringaFacility^c Consulting^c TouringACity^c MedicalTesting^c Research^c JobInterview^c AnalyzingSomething^c Interrogating^c Interviewing^c CheckingSomething^c TestingEvent^c

InformationMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationMeasure`
Description	Measures of the amount of information. Includes Bit, Byte, and multiples of these, e.g. KiloByte and MegaByte. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'information measure' in WordNet: 1. information measure - (a system of measurement of information based on the probabilities of the events that convey information)`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Bandwidth^c BinaryInformationMeasure^c

InformationObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationObject`
Description	COSMO: An InformationObject is a MentalObject created by an IntelligentAgent that contains Information in some form. That is the meaning of the restriction: (containsAbstractSubstance Information) The name 'Information-object' is from DOLCE. Comparable to the OpenCyc '#$AbstractInformationalThing'. This subsumes both the symbolic objects that people may create as well as the yet more abstract informational content ('propositional content') which may be viewed as existing independent of the symbols used to encode it. This can be used in sentences such as 'He has information about the crime'. This is the range for relation 'hasInformationContent'. The subtype 'Information-Content' is for the content of lingistic assertions. This is approximately what is normally intended by linguistic use of 'information' 'Information' has not been well defined yet, so this category does not have clear defining conditions of its own, but subsumes things like AbstractSymbolicObjects, Propositions, and Languages. Every Communication transfers some InformationObject. DOLCE; Information objects are social objects. They are realized by some entity. They are ordered (expressed according to) by some system for information encoding. Consequently, they are dependent from an encoding as well as from a concrete realization.They can express a description (the ontological equivalent of a meaning/conceptualization), can be about any entity, and can be interpreted by an agent.From a communication perspective, an information object can play the role of 'message'. From a semiotic perspective, it plays the role of 'expression'. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A heterogeneous collection of abstract objects that pertain to information. Subsumes not only #$Proposition, but also the collections #$Sentence, #$CharacterString, #$AtomicSymbol-Abstract, #$Microtheory, #$PropositionalInformationThing, and #$ConceptualWork. Note that while all #$AbstractInformationalThings are abstract objects (this collection is disjoint with #$SpatialThing-Localized), most instances of this collection can have multiple concrete 'embodiments';. A single instance of #$Sentence can be written on several pieces of paper (see #$instantiationOfAIS); a #$PropositionalInformationThing may be the content of several concrete documents, such as instances of #$BookCopy (see #$containsInfoPropositional-IBT); and several events, such as spoken utterances, may have a certain #$Proposition as their content (see #$containsInformation). Note that some instances of #$AbstractInformationalThing have temporal extent. Examples include all instances of #$Novel-CW and #$Movie-CW. Others specs are disjoint with #$TemporalThing. Examples include all instances of #$Character-Abstract and #$Proposition. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'information' in Wordnet; sense 3 can be a subtype (as of rev1019 not directly represented??: in Wordnet: 2. (215) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') 3. (72) information - (knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction)
Super-classes	MentalObject^c Resource^c RepresentationObject^c
Restrictions	containsAbstractSubstance^op value Information^c enablesOrAssists^op value Communication^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informational^c
Sub-classes	AbstractSound^c Sanction^c Answer^c Distinction^c Information-encoding-system^c Information-Content^c Topic^c Familiarity^c AbstractSymbolicObject^c
In range of	hadInformationTransferred^op

InformationRecordingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationRecordingDevice`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes cameras that take still pictures as well as those that record sound and moving images. See the subtypes. Cyc: #$InformationRecordingDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$InformationRecordingDevice is a device used for the recording of sensory information (i.e., audio and visual, but not encoded as character strings.) So an instance would be your answering machine at home (an #$AnsweringMachine), your cam-corder (a #$VideoCamera), but NOT your address book or your copy of the Yellow Pages. Note: A borderline case is a #$PersonalDigitalAssistant (such as an Apple Newton) used to record handwritten script. If it then processes that information and converts it to ASCII characters, it has stopped being an #$InformationRecordingDevice as this constant is defined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recording machine' in WordNet: 1. (2) recorder, recording equipment, recording machine - (equipment for making records)
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Device^c
Sub-classes	MagneticRecorder^c SoundInformationRecordingDevice^c VisualInformationRecordingDevice^c

InformationRecordingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationRecordingEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$IBOCreation. Each instance of this collection is an event in which information is recorded, using an #$InformationRecordingDevice. Every #$InformationRecordingProcess produces an #$InformationBearingObject. Specializations include #$SavingAFile and #$AudioTapeRecording. NOTE WN gloss suggests onlt a voice recording, but this type is for recording data of any kind: sound, video, teperature, wind speed, still pictures taken at intervals or even only one still picture, etc. Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'record' in WordNet (transitive and intransitive are not distinguished here): in WordNet: 2. (10) record, tape - (register electronically; 'They recorded her singing') WN noun 'recording': 2. (5) recording, transcription - (the act of making a record (especially an audio record); 'she watched the recording from a sound-proof booth')
Super-classes	MakingaRecord^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op some (InformationRecordingDevice^c or DeviceType^c) produced^op value Recording^c
Sub-classes	VisualImageRecording^c

InformationRequest-IBT^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationRequest-IBT`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$InformationBearingThings whose information content is a request for information. An #$InformationRequest-IBT is the #$communicationToken in any act of #$RequestingInformation. `This could include blank forms as well as filled-in forms or free style written requests. The content of a FIFA (freedom of information request' would be representred by this type.`
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c
Sub-classes	Question-IBT^c RequestContent^c

InformationRetrieval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationRetrieval`
Description	''InformationRetrieval'' is a computer operation in which information (data) stored in long-term memory is realled to working memory for proessing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retrieval' in WordNet: 1. retrieval - ((computer science) the operation of accessing information from the computer's memory)`
Super-classes	ComputerInstructionExecution^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value ComputerProgramExecution^c hasObjectMoved^op value Data^c isAnExecutionOf^op value ComputerInstructionSequence^c

InformationScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationScience`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'information science' in WordNet: 1. information science, informatics, information processing, IP - (the sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded information)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Nutritionist^c

InformationStorageMedia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationStorageMedia`
Description	A Substance that is used in information storage devices. `NOTE: In CYC this is an Object! Cyc: Items which can have (but don't necessarily have) information stored onto them that can be retrieved later.`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c InformationBearingThing^c
Sub-classes	PhotographicFilm^c ComputerInformationStorageMedia^c

InformationStorageMediumObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationStorageMediumObject`
Description	An ''InformationStorageMediumObject'' is a SolidObject that can be used to store ''Information'' and from which the stored information can be recovered, without destroying or depleting the stored information - thus they can be reused to recover the same information multiple times in different places. NOTE: this is just the Object that can store information, which may be 'blank'. This includes, e.g. tapes, phonograph records, CD's and DVDs and thumb drives and magnetic disk drives, whether or not they have any information on them. For such an object that has information stored on it, use ''StoredInformationArtifact''. `Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'medium' (see also ''MediumOfCommunication'' for 'The Media') in WordNet: 1. (5) medium - (a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information) WN noun 'storage medium': 1. storage medium, data-storage medium - (a medium for storing information)`
Super-classes	StorageEntity^c UsefulSource^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value MakingaRecord^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value InformationStorageMedia^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value StoringInformation^c
Sub-classes	StoredInformationArtifact^c MagneticTapeCassette^c

InformationStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationStore`
Description	Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyIntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$InformationStore is a tangible or intangible, concrete or abstract repository of information. The information stored in an information store is stored there as a consequence of the actions of one or more agents. Wholly intangible instances of #$InformationStore include instances of #$AspatialInformationStore and #$PropositionalInformationThing. Some instances of #$InformationStore - namely, instances of #$InformationBearingObject, such as copies of a newspaper at a newsstand - are only partially intangible.
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informational^c
Sub-classes	DigitalInformationStore^c PublishedMaterial^c GenericForm^c ReferencePublication^c AbstractInformationStore^c BeliefSystem^c StageOrSet^c LinguisticObject^c Compendium^c StructuredInformationBearingObject^c SymbolicThing^c

InformationTransferEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationTransferEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. Each instance of #$InformationTransferEvent is an event in which information is transferred from a source (#$informationOrigin) to one or more destinations (#$informationDestination), where the source and the various destinations are either intelligent agents or #$InformationBearingThings (IBTs). Examples include reading a book (transfer of information from the book to the reader), saying something to someone (transfer of information from the speaker to the listener), machine translation (transfer of information from an encoded IBT in the source language to an encoded IBT in the target language), OCR scanning (transfer of information from a visual information source to another IBT in a different format), carving initials in a tree (transfer of information from an agent to an IBT), and making a speech (transfer of information from an agent to other agents). See also the specialization #$InformationTransferPhysicalEvent. NOTE that information can be transferred from a person's mind to a piece of paper, so the destination of the transfer does not have to be an IntelligentAgent, and an InformationTransfer does not have to be a 'Communication'. COSMO note; why is information transfer not always a PhysicalEvent in Cyc see 'InformationTransferPhysicalEvent'? Perhaps so that spirit communication can be included? NOTE also that in COSMO the 'origin' need not be an 'information bearing thing' in the sense of having some kind of abstract information encoded, this very abstract broad Event can be used for any act of ''Observing'' in which an agent or any machine (even as simple as a thermostat) detects something in the real world and reacts to it in some way. See the subtype 'Observing'. In SUMO the approximate equivalent of 'ContentBearingProcess'. SUMO: ('ContentBearingProcess') Any Process, for example ManualHumanLanguage, which may contain a Proposition.
Super-classes	GivingSomethingAbstract^c ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	hadInformationTransferred^op only (InformationObject^c or InformationType^c)
Sub-classes	MakingMusic^c Communication^c Indicating^c ImageCaptureEvent^c Inquiring^c InformationGathering^c Request^c IBOCreation^c SignalEvent^c Applauding-Clapping^c AccessingAnIBT^c MakingaMap^c
In domain of	hadInformationTransferred^op

InformationTransferEvent-Electronic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationTransferEvent-Electronic`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which information is transferred electronically. Examples include all instances of #$TelephoneConversation, #$EMailSending, and #$PuttingUpAWebsite.
Super-classes	InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c

InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationTransferPhysicalEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$InformationTransferEvent (q.v.) and #$PhysicalEvent each instance of which involves at least one #$PartiallyTangible, either as its source (see #$informationOrigin), as (at least one of) its destination(s) (see #$informationDestination), or both. (A partially tangible source or destination, note, must pre-exist the transfer event.) Indeed, most if not all actual information transfer events are physical events; but #$InformationTransferPhysicalEvent does in principle exclude those such as telepathic communications between disembodied spirits or other #$Agent-Intangibles. `NOTE: as a PhysicalEvent, this creates an IBO. NOTE: in SUMO, all 'Communication' Events appear to be intended as physical, we leave 'Communication' in COSMO as more general, to include spirits communicating. NOTE that this event is categorized as a SocialOccurrence even though it may be carried out on both ends by machines, because at this time (2007) all communicating machines do so as automatic agents of people.`
Super-classes	IBOCreation^c Communication^c Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informational^c
Sub-classes	Hinting^c ExpressingDisapproval^c MedicalDiagnosis^c Booing^c FillingInBlankSpace^c InformationTransferEvent-Electronic^c ExpressingApproval^c Speaking^c SlurringaPerson^c MovieShowingAtATheater^c MedicalTesting^c Cheering^c MakingAGesture^c

InformationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InformationType`
Description	''InformationType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Information'
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	DisplayOfSkill DisplayingDispleasure Similarity DataPacket Exhibitionism InformationObject TheatricalProduction OstentatiousDisplay Pedantry View

Informational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Informational

Description

''Informational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Information'', and Object bearing ''Information'' and Events in which ''Information'' is transferred.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'informational' in Wordnet:
         1. informational - (relating to or having the nature of information)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Informative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Informative`
Description	`Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'informative' in WordNet: 1. enlightening, informative, illuminating - (tending to increase knowledge or dissipate ignorance; 'an enlightening glimpse of government in action'; 'an illuminating lecture') 2. instructive, informative - (serving to instruct of enlighten or inform) 3. informative, informatory - (providing or conveying information)`
Super-classes	Useful^c
Sub-classes	Deferential^c Educational^c Responsive^c Convincing^c Revealing^c

Informed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Informed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'informed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) informed - (having much knowledge or education; 'an informed public'; 'informed opinion'; 'the informed customer')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	WellInformed^c Privy^c

Informing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Informing`
Description	NOTE that ''Informing'' is the transmission of information. The information is not necessarily true. CYC: A #$FirstOrderCollection. Each instance of #$Informing is a #$CommunicationAct-Single in which the #$senderOfInfo conveys some piece of 'propositional' information - i.e. information of the sort that can be true or false. The information conveyed in an #$Informing is presented by the sender as being true, though it may in fact be false. Thus, passing on misinformation counts as #$Informing, as do acts of #$Lying. Note that the propositional nature of the information conveyed in an #$Informing may be implicit; for example, if Alice asks 'What's your favorite color?' and Bob simply responds 'Red', Bob has implicitly conveyed the proposition Bob's favorite color is red. Specializations of #$Informing include #$Reporting, #$Testifying, and #$AnnouncingSomething. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'inform' in WordNet: 1. (46) inform - (impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to; 'I informed him of his rights') WN noun 'informing': 2. informing, making known - (a speech act that conveys information)
Super-classes	ConveyingInformation^c IBTGeneration^c AssertingEvent^c InformationBearingThing^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some (LinguisticAssertion^c or InformationType^c)
Sub-classes	AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV^c Briefing^c Lecture^c Praising^c FillingSomeoneInOnaTopic^c FillingInBlankSpace^c CommunicatingInWriting^c Narrating^c StatingSomething^c Feedback^c ExpressingDisapproval^c Misinforming^c Publicizing^c Reporting^c Impersonating^c Recognition^c Lesson^c RecommendingEvent^c Announcing^c ImplantingIdeas^c GivingaHeadsUp^c Enlightening^c Corresponding^c PointingToSomething^c Authorizing^c IntroducingPeople^c Snitching^c Instructing^c MakingAPromise^c AttributingSomethingToSomebody^c Prompting^c Acknowledgement^c Implying^c Sanctioning^c RhetoricalManeuver^c Empowering^c DescribingSomething^c Understating^c Acquainting^c Notifying^c

InfraredRadiation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfraredRadiation`
Description	CYC: A collection of events; a subset of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each element of #$InfraredRadiation is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from approximately 7X10^5 centimeters (7000 #$Angstrom) to .01 centimeters (1X10^6 #$Angstrom), and a frequency of approximately 3X10^12 #$Hertz to 4.3X10^14 #$Hertz. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infrared radiation' in WordNet: 1. (1) infrared, infrared light, infrared radiation, infrared emission - (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves)`
Super-classes	ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c BlackLight^c
Sub-classes	InfraredSpectrum^c

InfraredSpectrum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfraredSpectrum

Description

The ''InfraredSpectrum'' is that part of the ''ElectromagneticSpectrum'' that includes all of the wavelengths from about 700 nm into the radio wave frequencies.

    Should point to 'wavelength' as one component element.

   Wikipedia:
      Infrared (IR), sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) 
         with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore invisible
         to the human eye. IR is generally understood to encompass wavelengths from
         the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum around 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz),
         to 1 millimeter (300 GHz)[1] (although the longer IR wavelengths are often designated 
         rather as terahertz radiation). Black-body radiation from objects near room temperature 
         is almost all at infrared wavelengths. As a form of electromagnetic radiation,
         IR propagates energy and momentum, with properties corresponding to both those 
         of a wave and of a particle, the photon.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infrared spectrum' in WordNet:
        1. (1) infrared spectrum - (the spectrum of infrared radiation)

Super-classes InfraredRadiation^c
ElectromagneticSpectrum^c

InfrastructureProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfrastructureProduct`
Description	CYC: The collection of products which add directly to the infrastructure of some place. For a small region it can include some of those things. `For a region, this includes the roads, bridges, port facilities, water, electrical and plumbing supplies. Corresponds to noun sense 2 with part (physical stuff) of sense 1 of 'infrastructure' in WordNet: 1. infrastructure, substructure - (the basic structure or features of a system or organization) 2. infrastructure, base - (the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area; 'the industrial base of Japan')`
Super-classes	Resource^c DurableGood^c
Sub-classes	Levee^c TransportFacility^c MilitaryFacility^c Dam^c ElectricPowerGrid^c Bridge^c WaterSupplySystem^c Dike^c PowerGenerationComplex^c Roadway^c

Infrequent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infrequent`
Description	'Infrequent' is a property of Events that occur fewer times in any given TimeInterval than is typical for the type of Event that is the basis for comparison. there is no clear absolute standard of 'infrequent', but events that occur on or are easily visible from Earth less than once every five years can be called 'Infrequent' in an absolute sense. Events that occur more frequently may be relatively 'Infrequent'. Events that occur only at even longer intervals are categorized as 'Rare', a subtype. `Includes adjective sense 1 of 'infrequent' and sense 2 of 'rare' in WordNet: WN 'infrequent': 1. (2) infrequent - (not frequent; not occurring regularly or at short intervals; 'infrequent outbursts of temper')`
Super-classes	FrequencyAttributeValue^c Unusual^c
Sub-classes	Rare^c

Infrequently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infrequently

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infrequently' in Wordnet:
          1. infrequently - (not many times; 'in your 1850 church you not infrequently 
            find a dramatic contrast between the sumptuous appointments of the building 
            itself and the inhuman barrack-like living conditions in the church room')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

InfringingARule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfringingARule`
Description	A 'InfringingARule' is any Action that an individual or collective Agent takes that violates some rule - whether merely social, legal, or moral. See also 'Sinful' for sins. And 'IllegalAction' for crimes etc. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'infringe', sense 2 of 'offend', sense 2 of 'violate' and includes sense 1 of 'violate' in WordNet: WN verb 'infringe' 1. conflict, run afoul, infringe, contravene - (go against, as of rules and laws; 'He ran afoul of the law'; 'This behavior conflicts with our rules') WN verb 'offend' 2. transgress, offend, infract, violate, go against, breach, break - (act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; 'offend all laws of humanity'; 'violate the basic laws or human civilization'; 'break a law'; 'break a promise') WN verb 'violate' 1. (8) violate, go against, break - (fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns; 'This sentence violates the rules of syntax') 2. (5) transgress, offend, infract, violate, go against, breach, break - (act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; 'offend all laws of humanity'; 'violate the basic laws or human civilization'; 'break a law'; 'break a promise')
Super-classes	Action^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	violatesRule^op some (Rule^c or PropositionType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value AgainstSomeRule^c
Sub-classes	ViolatingAnObligation^c UnethicalAction^c Sinning^c ViolatingaSportsRule^c Mischief^c

InfuriatingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfuriatingEvent`
Description	An ''InfuriatingEvent'' is an ''Angering'' that causes a higher intensity of ''Anger'' (i.e. 'fury') than simple ''Angering''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'infuriate' in WordNet: 1. (3) infuriate, exasperate, incense - (make furious)`
Super-classes	Angering^c MakingSomeoneFurious^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Frenzy^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Furious^c causes^op value Rage^c

Infusing-Medical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infusing-Medical`
Description	'Infusing'' is to transer a liquid from some reservoir (e.g. bottle or plastic bag, or in the case of direct transfusions, from the body of another Person) into something,usually the body of a Person, possibly another type of animal. This is usually but not necessarily done for therapuetic purposes, but could be for anaesthesia or use of a recreational drug. `This requires, in addition to the ''HypodermicNeedle'', a flexible tube and a container with the liquid being infused. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'infuse' in WordNet: 5. infuse - (introduce into the body through a vein, for therapeutic purposes; "Some physiologists infuses sugar solutions into the veins of animals")`
Super-classes	InjectingOrInfusing^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value AnimalBody^c usesDeviceType^op value HypodermicNeedle^c

InfusingaLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfusingaLiquid`
Description	''InfusingaLiquid''
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c InjectingOrInfusing^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MedicalCareProvider^c hasObjectMoved^op value LiquidSubstance^c usesDeviceType^op value HypodermicNeedle^c
Sub-classes	BloodTransfusionEvent^c

Infusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Infusion`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infusion' in WordNet: 1. infusion, extract - (a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water))`
Super-classes	Solution^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Steeping^c
Sub-classes	Tea^c

Ingenious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ingenious

Description

An AttributeValue applied to objects or actions - NOT to people - that show evidence of cleverness in their design or performance; see 'Clever' for the Intelligence attribute that is evidenced by an 'Ingenious' thing.

   @ToDo: For a CL-compliant application, this attribute value
      needs a consistency check to be sure it is not applied 
      to people.

    This corresponds to sense 3 of 'ingenious' in WordNet:
    3. clever, cunning, ingenious - (showing inventiveness and skill;
      'a clever gadget'; 'the cunning maneuvers leading to his success';
      'an ingenious solution to the problem')

Super-classes Resourceful^c

Ingenuity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ingenuity`
Description	''Ingenuity'' has a lot of conceptual overlap with ''Cleverness'' - only reated in COSMO via the attributes which are subtypes of ''Resourceful'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ingenuity' in Wordnet: 1. inventiveness, ingeniousness, ingenuity, cleverness - (the power of creative imagination)`
Super-classes	Creativity^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Ingenious^c

Ingesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ingesting`
Description	A specialization of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent. Each instance of #$Ingesting is a complex process in which a thing is brought into some organism's mouth from the outside, is swallowed, and is moved to the organism's stomach. Every instance of #$Ingesting has among its #$subEvents an instance of #$Swallowing which occurs after the intake (thus, although a particular chewing of gum is a #$BiologicalIntakeEvent, it is not an #$Ingesting unless the gum is swallowed.) An ingesting event ends when the ingested stuff reaches the ingester's stomach (where an instance of #$DigestionEvent begins, provided that what was ingested is an instance of #$EdibleStuff). `COSMO note: Ingesting includes taking in a DrugSubstance by any means, orally, by injection, by skin absorption, by inhalation, etc. SUMO: The Process by which Food is taken into an Animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ingest' in Wordnet: 1. (2) consume, ingest, take in, take, have - (serve oneself to, or consume regularly; 'Have another bowl of chicken soup!'; 'I don't take sugar in my coffee')`
Super-classes	SingleDoerAction^c BiologicalIntakeEvent^c ConsumingSomething^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	hadIngestedSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	LappingUp^c IngestingaNarcotic^c Anesthetizing^c NarcoticsAbuse^c SwallowingFood^c IngestingPoison^c ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c DrugTherapy^c SuckingOnAFoodMorsel^c SubstanceAbuse^c OralAdministration^c FleaBiting^c IngestingMedication^c HolyCommunion^c TickBiting^c
In domain of	hadIngestingAgent^op hadIngestedSubstance^op

IngestingMedication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IngestingMedication`
Description	''IngestingMedication'' is a subtype of ''Ingesting'' in which the thing ingested is a ''DrugProduct''.
Super-classes	Ingesting^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value DrugProduct^c

IngestingPoison^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IngestingPoison`
Description	A subtype of ''Ingesting'' in which the thing ingested is a ''Poison''.
Super-classes	Ingesting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Flea^c

IngestingaNarcotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IngestingaNarcotic`
Description	''IngestingaNarcotic'' is a subtype of ''Ingesting'' in which the thing ingested is a ''NarcoticDrug''.
Super-classes	Ingesting^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value NarcoticDrug^c

Ingot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ingot`
Description	This is usually less than 100 pounds (for precious metals), therefore a ''PortableObject''. However, it can be heavier,when it is a 'pig' (as in pig iron) but still is portable, perhaps needing a machine or a lift from Arnold Schwarzenegger. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ingot' in WordNet: 1. ingot, metal bar, block of metal - (metal that is cast in the shape of a block for convenient handling)`
Super-classes	BarOfStuff^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some MetalType^c

Ingratitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ingratitude`
Description	Feeling of one that shows poor return for kindness received. Ungratefulness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ingratitude' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ingratitude, ungratefulness - (a lack of gratitude)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Gratitude^c

Ingredient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ingredient`
Description	An ''Ingredient'' is any one of the component substances of a mixture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ingredient' in WordNet: 1. (5) ingredient - (a component of a mixture or compound)`
Super-classes	Component^c GenericSubstance^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op some Mixture^c

InguinalHernia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InguinalHernia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inguinal hernia' in WordNet: 1. inguinal hernia - (hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males)`
Super-classes	Hernia^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInside^op value MalePerson^c

Inhabitant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inhabitant`
Description	Each ''Inhabitant'' is some ''Animal'' (Including people, for which use subtype ''Resident'') that lives mostly in some ''Place''. WN glosses seem to have both 'inhabitant' and 'resident' for people, but RHW includes 'animals' in the definition of ''inhabitant', so we have a ''Resident'' as a Human subtype of ''Inhabitant'', which actually is implied by the parent/subtype relation of the two in WN. `RHW: a person or animal that inhabits a place, esp. as a permanent resident. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inhabitant' in WordNet: 1. (4) inhabitant, habitant, dweller, denizen, indweller - (a person who inhabits a particular place)`
Super-classes	AgentRole^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op some (GeopoliticalEntity^c or Place^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	Autochthon^c Resident^c Australian^c Texan^c

Inhabited^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inhabited`
Description	An attribute of Places or Objects that have some living animal (including people) inside.. For people, use ''Populated'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inhabited' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inhabited - (having inhabitants; lived in; 'the inhabited regions of the earth')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Uninhabited^c Populated^c

InhabitingTheLand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InhabitingTheLand`
Description	''InhabitingTheLand'' is a 'DwellingSomewhere' in which some type of ''Organism' has a 'habitat' of dry ground; i.e. that ''Organism'' spends most of its time on land. Such ''Organism''s are represented as ''TerrestrialOrganism''s. `A ''Bird'' (other than perhaps the Albatross) is considered Terrestrial in this categorization, as they nest on land, or on some Plant on land.`
Super-classes	DwellingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value TerrestrialOrganism^c isPerformedBy^op value TerrestrialOrganism^c occursAt^op value LandArea^c

Inhaler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inhaler`
Description	An ''Inhaler'' is an ''Atomizer'' used to create a 'Mist'' of a solution of a DrugSubstance that can be inhaled to relieve some medical condition (not just nasal congestion). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inhaler' in WordNet: 1. inhaler, inhalator - (a dispenser that produces a chemical vapor to be inhaled in order to relieve nasal congestion)`
Super-classes	Device^c Atomizer^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value Mist^c isDesignedToContain^op value DrugSubstance^c

Inhaling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inhaling`
Description	A specialization of both #$PassingThroughPortal and #$BiologicalIntakeEvent. Each instance of #$Inhaling is a bodily event in which an animal takes air in through an appropriate portal (e.g., its mouth or nose) and passes it into its lungs. Each instance of #$Breathing (q.v.) has an instance of #$Inhaling as a sub-event. NOTE that this can cover a voluntary or involuntary breathing in- for the specifically involuntary process of inhaling, use 'Inhaling-BreathingIn'. @ToDo: is inhaling a subevent of breathing? or a subtype? SUMO: Any instance of Breathing where the breath is taken into the Lungs. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'inhale' and noun sense 1 of 'breath' (,as in 'take a deep breath') and sense 1 of 'breathe in' in WordNet: WN verb 'inhale': 2. inhale, inspire, breathe in - (draw in (air); 'Inhale deeply'; 'inhale the fresh mountain air'; 'The patient has trouble inspiring'; 'The lung cancer patient cannot inspire air very well') WN noun 'breath': 1. (15) breath - (the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; 'he took a deep breath and dived into the pool'; 'he was fighting to his last breath')
Super-classes	BiologicalIntakeEvent^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value AirRespiration^c isaSubEventOf^op value Breathing^c
Sub-classes	Inhaling-BreathingIn^c Gasp^c Sniffling^c

Inhaling-BreathingIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inhaling-BreathingIn`
Description	The typically involuntary portion of the breathing process in which air enters the lungs.
Super-classes	Inhaling^c

Inherent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inherent`
Description	''Inherent'' is an AttributeValue signifying that the entity characterized 'inheres' in the thing that it is part of. This usually describes the inhering qualities of certain systems or objects, including people. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'inherent' (refering to qualties) in WordNet: 1. (2) built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, inherent, integral - (existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; 'the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity'; 'a constitutional inability to tell the truth')`
Super-classes	Internal^c
Sub-classes	Innate^c

InheritableType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InheritableType`
Description	InheritableType is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class which is used to identify those metatypes which, when specified as the parent Type for some class (Type) in the ontology, will also by implication be the parent Type for all subtypes of any Type explicitly designated as an instance of any subtype of 'InheritableType'. This is a primitive mechanism to permit translation of this ontology among various formats, while permitting the use of reasoning engines which require that arguments to relations, if restricted as to Type, be instances of some specified Type. There are some ontologies, such as SUMO, using first-order logic, which permit one to specify that an argument to a relation must be a subtype of some Type in the ontology, rather than an instance of some Type. OWL and some other reasoning engines do not permit that kind of restriction. For convenience, to allow this ontology to be used in multiple reasoning engines and to be automatically translated into multiple formats, this metatype is provided and so that one can avoid having to specify the metatype instance of every Type that is to be used as an argument to a relation. When using this ontology in an inference engine that requires explicit types, it will be necessary to add the InheritableType as a Type of each subtype of any Type that is specified to be an instance of such an inheritable type. That addition will have to be one in a preprocessing stage before using that inference engine. An axiom may be added to an ontology using FOL to specify that all subtypes of a Type ?T that is an instance of an InheritableType ?MT will also be instances of that InheritableType: (=> (and (isanInstanceOf ?T ?MT) (isaSubclassOf ?MT InheritableType)) (forall (?ST) (=> (isaSubclassOf ?ST ?T) (isanInstanceOf ?ST ?MT)))) This axiom will permit the ontologist to avoid specifying the metatype for every subtype of the root type of that Type tree, in those ontology implementations that can use FOL.
Super-classes	owl:Class^c
Sub-classes	ScopeType^c InsuredEventType^c GenreType^c ContextType^c SystemType^c LogicalFunctionType^c DosageFormType^c QuantityType^c PhysicalFeatureType^c ProcessType^c SpecializationType^c OdorType^c AttributeValueType^c EmittableThingType^c MysticalType^c SignType^c GoalType^c ValuableThingType^c AttributeTypeType^c ChemicalSubstanceType^c PartType^c RhetoricalDeviceType^c PlantPartType^c GrammarType^c GenericSubstanceType^c GenderType^c PathType^c WeatherType^c LocationType^c RightType^c TimedClassType^c AverageType^c NaturalResourceType^c MoneyTenderType^c PlanType^c LexicalType^c MeasureType^c ProductType^c RegionType^c MalleableThingType^c MoneyType^c PharmacyProductType^c TemporalThingType^c LocationMeasureType^c TendencyType^c QuantifierType^c ObjectType^c PretendingRoleType^c GrammaticalType^c CollectiveNounType^c ProbabilityType^c EnvironmentType^c VocabularyType^c PoliticalPartyType^c SignalType^c SubstanceType^c EnergyType^c
Members	Stressor Microcosm MiniatureExample Example Template GoodExample

Inheritance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inheritance`
Description	The ''Asset''s received by one LegalAgent (the ''Heir'') as a result of the Death of some Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inheritance' and sense 1 of 'legacy' in WordNet: 2. inheritance, heritage - (that which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner) WN noun 'legacy': 1. (1) bequest, legacy - ((law) a gift of personal property by will)`
Super-classes	Asset^c Gift^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Heir^c hadBeneficiary^op some Heir^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Valuable^c wasTransferredInEvent^op value InheritingProperty^c
Sub-classes	Heirloom^c

Inherited^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inherited

Description

''Inherited'' is the attribute of an ''Inheritance'' that was transferred by a ''Bequeathing'' Action.

       This sense of 'inherited' is not in WordNet: the only sense there
          is for inheritable physioloical conditions.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InheritingGenes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InheritingGenes`
Description	''InheritingGenes'' is an Event in which one Organism receives some ''Gene''s from another Organism due to a ''BiologicalReproductionEvent''. The ''Genes'' inherited are copies (relatively faithful, possibly with mutations) of the ''Gene''s in the parent Organism. Corresponds to noun sese 1 of'heredity' in RHW: 1. the transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring: it is dependent upon the segregation and recombination of genes during meiosis and fertilization and results in the genesis of a new individual similar to others of its kind but exhibiting certain variations resulting from the particular mix of genes and their interactions with the environment. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'inherit' and noun sense 1 of 'heredity' and noun sense 3 of 'inheritance' (interpreted as the process) in WordNet: 3. inherit - (receive by genetic transmission; 'I inherited my good eyesight from my mother') WN noun ;heredity;: 1. (2) heredity - (the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next) WN noun 'inheritance': 3. inheritance, hereditary pattern - ((genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents)
Super-classes	IBTGeneration-Replication^c BiologicalReplication^c InheritingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Hereditary^c

InheritingProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InheritingProperty`
Description	Receiving (by some ''LegalAgent'') some ''Asset''s as a result of the Death of another Person who has 'bequeathed' that property to the recipient agent. `NOTE that the LegalAgent 'performing' this action is the recipient (heir). In this case ''Heir'' can be an Organization (@ToDo: needs review??). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'inherit' in WordNet: 1. (14) inherit, come into - (obtain from someone after their death; 'I inherited a castle from my French grandparents')`
Super-classes	Obtaining^c Benefiting^c InheritingSomething^c ChangeOfPossession^c GainingControl^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some DeathOfaPerson^c hadThingTransferred^op some Inheritance^c hadRecipient^op value Heir^c isCausedBy^op value Bequeathing^c hadBeneficiary^op some Heir^c isPerformedBy^op value Heir^c hasThingAcquired^op value Inheritance^c

InheritingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InheritingSomething`
Description	'InheritingSomething' is a broad type of Event in which some entity (physical or abstract) receives something from something else in a manner that does not involve any action on the part of either the giver or receiver at the time the receivnign is done. For example, in inheritance by death, any action on the part of the giver (if any) precedes the death. This includes abstract senses such as types in an ontology inheriting properties from ancestor types, as well as genetic inheritance and inheritance of problems when taking on a new position. As of rev941 there are no subtypes to this type; when subtypes are created, this general type may be broken into several disjoint types. Includes but is not limited to all three sense of 'inherit' from in WordNet: 1. (14) inherit, come into - (obtain from someone after their death; 'I inherited a castle from my French grandparents') 2. inherit - (receive from a predecessor; 'The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair') 3. inherit - (receive by genetic transmission; 'I inherited my good eyesight from my mother')
Super-classes	Receiving^c
Sub-classes	InheritingProperty^c InheritingGenes^c

InhibitingAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InhibitingAnAction`
Description	''InhibitingAnAction'' is a 'Reduction' in which the thing reduced is the intensity, rate, or frequency of some kind of Action. This is broad, and the limiting case would be prevention of an action. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'inhibit' in WordNet: 2. (1) inhibit - (limit the range or extent of; "Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs")`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op some (Action^c or RateMeasure^c or ActionType^c or Action^c or RateMeasure^c or ActionType^c) hinders^op some (Action^c or RateMeasure^c or ActionType^c or Action^c or RateMeasure^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	DistractingaPerson^c InhibitingaChemicalReaction^c

InhibitingaBiochemicalReaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InhibitingaBiochemicalReaction`
Description	A ''InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess'' is an 'Effect'' on the Physiological functions of some Organism that is caused by an ''Inhibitor'' `There is no sense of 'inhibit' or 'inhibition' in WN close to this concept: Closest verb sense 1 of 'inhibit' in WordNet: 2. (1) inhibit - (limit the range or extent of; 'Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs') WN noun 'inhibition': 3. inhibition - ((physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part; 'the inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve')`
Super-classes	InhibitingaChemicalReaction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some BiochemicalReactionType^c isPerformedBy^op some (Inhibitor^c or ChemicalSubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess^c

InhibitingaChemicalReaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InhibitingaChemicalReaction`
Description	A ''InhibitingaChemicalreaction'' is a ''BlockingAction'' that is caused by an ''Inhibitor'' or by some other physical force, such as low temperature, light, or other physical phenomena that can This is a ''DecreaseEvent'' because it causes a decease in the rate of some ChemicalReaction. This can be either a ''InhibitingActio;, merely decreasing a rate, or a complete blocking. `There is no sense of 'inhibit' or 'inhibition' in WN close to this concept: Closest verb sense 1 of 'inhibit' in WordNet: 2. (1) inhibit - (limit the range or extent of; 'Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs') WN noun 'inhibition': 3. inhibition - ((physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part; 'the inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve')`
Super-classes	BlockingAction^c DecreaseEvent^c InhibitingAnAction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some ChemicalReactionType^c
Sub-classes	InhibitingaBiochemicalReaction^c

InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess`
Description	A ''InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess'' is an 'Effect'' on the Physiological functions of some Organism.that is caused by an ''Inhibitor''
Super-classes	PhysiologicalEffect^c InhibitingaBiochemicalReaction^c

Inhibitor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inhibitor`
Description	Each subtype of 'Inhibitor' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that inhibition or retardation of some action, such as a chemical or biochemical reaction. Most drugs are inhibitors. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Inhibitor' in WordNet: 1. inhibitor - (a substance that retards or stops an activity)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	Antioxidant^c AntiToxin^c NuclearModerator^c Blocker^c

Inhospitable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inhospitable

Description

''Inhospitable'' is the attribute of People who are not inclined to welcome people into their homes to feed or entertain them.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inhospitable' in Wordnet:
          2. inhospitable - (not hospitable; 'they are extremely inhospitable these days';
             'her greeting was cold and inhospitable')

Super-classes Asocial^c

Initial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Initial`
Description	''Initial'' is an attribute of some Event in a series of events, specifying that its starting time was the earliest in time of that series. Others may subsequently start and co-occur with the the first. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'initial' in WordNet: 1. (21) initial - (occurring at the beginning; 'took the initial step toward reconciliation')`
Super-classes	FirstOfaSeries^c
Sub-classes	First-Time^c Preliminary^c

InitialEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InitialEvent`
Description	A ''InitialEvent'' is the first (''Initial'') ''Event'' in some ''EventSeries''. This means that the starting time of this Event occurs before the starting time of other Events in the Series, but does not otherwise restrict what other kinds or number of Events may occur in the Series.
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	isTheFirstElementOf^op some EventSeries^c isaComponentElementOf^op value ChronologicalSequence^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Initial^c
Sub-classes	Debut^c InitialPhase^c

InitialPhase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InitialPhase`
Description	A ''InitialPhase'' is the first (''Initial'') ''PersistentState'' in some ''SequenceOfStates''. This means that the starting time of this Event occurs before the starting time of other Events in the Series, but does not otherwise restrict what other kinds or number of Events may occur in the Series.
Super-classes	InitialEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheFirstElementOf^op some SequenceOfStates^c isaComponentElementOf^op value SequenceOfStates^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Initial^c

InitialingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InitialingSomething`
Description	''InitialingSomething'' is a type of ''SigningSomething'' which is the act of writing one's ''Initials'' in text on some surface - usually paper,but it could be any surface. An informal way of ''SigningSomething'' that ay also have legal force. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initial' in WordNet: 1. initial - (mark with one's initials)`
Super-classes	SigningSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Initials^c

Initials^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Initials`
Description	Each ''Initials'' is an ''Abbreviation'' for a Person's name, consisting of the first letters of a two or three word name. `WN only has the singular entry, though it can be accessed by entering the plural form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initial' in WordNet: 1. (1) initial - (the first letter of a word (especially a person's name); 'he refused to put the initials FRS after his name')`
Super-classes	Abbreviation^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some Name^c

InitiatingAnOralConversation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InitiatingAnOralConversation`
Description
Super-classes	ContactingaPerson^c
Restrictions	starts^op value OralConversation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InPerson^c

InitiationCeremony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InitiationCeremony`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initiation' in WordNet: 1. (2) initiation, induction, installation - (a formal entry into an organization or position or office; 'his initiation into the club'; 'he was ordered to report for induction into the army'; 'he gave a speech as part of his installation into the hall of fame') WN verb 'induct': 1. (3) induct, invest, seat - (place ceremoniously or formally in an office or position; 'there was a ceremony to induct the president of the Academy')`
Super-classes	Ceremony^c InitiationRitual^c
Sub-classes	Inauguration^c

InitiationRitual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InitiationRitual`
Description	An ''InitiationRitual'' is ''RiteOfPassage'' (a custom) in certain organizations in which a new member of the organization performs or experiences certain actions before being formally admitted to membership. In some cases (as in fraternities) the preliminary actions take the form of ''Hazing'', which is a form of ''Harassment'' that may include doing or experiencing humiliating events. `NOTE: this includes as subtype the ''InitiationCeremony'' which is the final (and sometimes only) phase of the process of becoming a member of a group.`
Super-classes	RiteOfPassage^c
Sub-classes	Hazing^c InitiationCeremony^c

Initiative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Initiative

Description

''Initiative'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' that is a subtype of ''SelfConfidence'' that encourages people to begin a project or task without compulsion or prompting from others. Tends to be the one to take the first action (to 'take the initiative') in a task.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initiative' in WordNet:
            1. (5) enterprise, enterprisingness, initiative, go-ahead - 
               (readiness to embark on bold new ventures)

Super-classes SelfConfidence^c

Injecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injecting`
Description	Injecting a liquid into something from a HypodermicSringe.. `(give an injection to;`
Super-classes	ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c InjectingOrInfusing^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value HypodermicNeedle^c usesDeviceType^op value HypodermicSyringe^c
Sub-classes	Injecting-Intrathecal^c Injecting-Intramuscular^c Injecting-Intravenous^c Injecting-Subcutaneous^c

Injecting-Intramuscular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injecting-Intramuscular`
Description	Injecting a fluid, usually containing a drug, into muscle tissue. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intramuscular injection' in WordNet: 1. intramuscular injection - (an injection into a muscle)`
Super-classes	Injecting^c
Restrictions	isIntoInteriorOf^op value Muscle^c

Injecting-Intrathecal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injecting-Intrathecal`
Description	Injecting a fluid, usually containing a drug, into the spinal canal.
Super-classes	Injecting^c

Injecting-Intravenous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injecting-Intravenous`
Description	Injecting a fluid, usually containing a drug, into a vein. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intravenous injection' in WordNet: 1. intravenous injection - (an injection into a vein)`
Super-classes	Injecting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intravenous^c hasEndingPlace^op value Vein^c

Injecting-Subcutaneous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injecting-Subcutaneous

Description

Injecting a fluid, usually containing a drug, beneath the skin.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subcutaneous injection' in WordNet:
          1. subcutaneous injection - (an injection under the skin)

Super-classes Injecting^c

InjectingOrInfusing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InjectingOrInfusing`
Description	InjectingOrInfusing is the Action of transferring some Liquid from a reservoir (hypodermic syringe or bag or bottle (for infusing)), or from the fangs of a ''VenomousSnake'', into the body of an Animal. The subtypes 'Injecting' and 'Infusing' and''InjetingVenom'' differentiate whether or not a ''HypodermicSyringe'' is used. NOTE that it is possible to define a broader parent of 'injecting' using a hypodermic needle, if one wants to describe injecting gases (e.g. Air) into something, or to withdraw a quantity of medication from a bottle with a septum on top, or other things. Not yet added. CYC 'Injecting-Medical': Taking a hypodermic syringe with needle attached, puncturing skin, injecting substance into #$objectActedOn. This could be either an injection that takes only a few moments, or it could be an infusion where fluid is introduced into the body over a longer period of time. When done by a medical care provider, injections are usually done to treat a patient, but could be for diagnostic reasons. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'shot' and noun sense 3 of 'injection' in WordNet: 5. (114) injection, shot - (the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; 'the nurse gave him a flu shot') WN verb 'inject': 1. (4) inject, shoot - (give an injection to; 'We injected the glucose into the patient's vein')
Super-classes	TransferIn^c Inserting^c PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO^c FluidFlowEvent^c
Restrictions	isIntoInteriorOf^op value Animal^c hadObjectMoved^op value LiquidObject^c typicallyUsesDevice^op value HypodermicNeedle^c causes^op value GettingAnInjection^c
Sub-classes	Infusing-Medical^c InfusingaLiquid^c Injecting^c InjectingVenom^c

InjectingVenom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InjectingVenom`
Description	''InjectingVenom'' is the act of ''Injecting a liquid into some Animal from some organ of a ''VenomousAnimal'' into some other Animal.
Super-classes	InjectingOrInfusing^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Venom^c isPerformedBy^op value VenomousAnimal^c hasEndingPlace^op value Animal^c

Injunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injunction`
Description	Each ''Injunction'' is a 'JudicialOrder' forbidding someone to do something. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'injunction' in WordNet: 2. injunction, enjoining, enjoinment, cease and desist order - ((law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity; 'injunction were formerly obtained by writ but now by a judicial order')`
Super-classes	Prohibition^c JudicialOrder^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some JudicialDecision^c isProducedByEventType^op value Enjoining^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Judicial^c

Injured^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injured`
Description	''Injured'' is the attribute of an Organism that has become harmed as a result of ''HarmingAnAgent'' or ''IncurringAnInjury'. @mod63 `COSMO note: in Cyc Injured is an animal with an injury, but in COSMO it is an Attribute. Cyc: Having some unspecified injury. This makes it easier to state that someone is injured without saying '#$thereExists some instance of Injury which they have', which will bogusly skolemize a injury. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'injured' in Wordnet: 1. (7) injured - (usually used of physical or mental injury to persons; 'injured soldiers'; 'injured feelings')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Harmed^c Abnormal^c
Sub-classes	Stabbed^c

Injuring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injuring`
Description	''Injuring'' is a ''PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent'' performed by some Agent (not necesarily an Animal) that causes an injury in the Animal affected. `WN does not distinguish injure' and 'wound'; this is the more generic 'injure' and to 'wound' is the subtype 'Wounding''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'wound' in WordNet: 1. (5) injure, wound - (cause injuries or bodily harm to)`
Super-classes	PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Injury-Object^c hadAgentHarmed^op some Animal^c causes^op value IncurringAnInjury^c
Sub-classes	Wounding^c BreakingaBone^c Disabling^c

Injurious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injurious`
Description	An AttributeValue of Events or Objects that have caused or are likely to cause substantial Damage to objects, or to animals. NOTE that there are two differences between 'Injurious' and its more general AttributeValue,'Harmful' - 'Injurious' applies only to physical damage to objects (including animals) or serious psychological damage to people, while .'Harmful' also includes the ability to impede achieving an agent's goals. 'Injurious' is also intended to represent a more emphatic degree of harmfulness than merely 'harmful'. This includes senses 1, 2, and 6 of 'harmful' and senses 1 and 2 of 'injurious' in WordNet: WN 'injurious' 1. deleterious, hurtful, injurious - (harmful to living things; 'deleterious chemical additives') 2. evil, harmful, injurious - (tending to cause great harm) WN 'harmful' 1. (1) noxious, harmful - (injurious to physical or mental health; 'noxious chemical wastes'; 'noxious ideas') 2. (1) harmful - (able or likely to do harm) 'too much sun is harmful to the skin'; 'harmful effects of smoking') 6. evil, harmful, injurious - (tending to cause great harm)
Super-classes	Harmful^c
Sub-classes	Tragic^c

Injury-Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injury-Object`
Description	The part of the body which is abnormal due to an injury. 'Injury' is broadly interpeted: a strained muscle can be an injury. See also the subtype 'Ulcer-Object' This is an Object for purposes of phrases like 'show me your wound'. Cyc: Mechanical damage to (a portion of) the body. See #$IncurringAnInjury for the action of incurring an injury, and #$InjuryCondition for the condition of being injured. NOTE that 'InjuryCondition'' (being injured) is a different type and not directly represented in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'injury' in WordNet: 1. (13) injury, hurt, harm, trauma - (any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.)
Super-classes	AnimalBodyRegion^c
Sub-classes	Pinch^c Lesion^c WrenchedBodyPart^c Dislocation^c Ulcer-Object^c Blister^c Bruise^c Wound^c Oedema^c Whiplash^c BrainInjury^c

InjuryCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InjuryCondition`
Description	The state of being injured. For getting an injury, use #$IncurringAnInjury. `No injury state in WN - just the object.`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Injured^c
Sub-classes	Sunburn^c Hernia^c BeingFractured^c Frostbite^c

Injustice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Injustice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'injustice' in WordNet: 2. injustice, unjustness - (the practice of being unjust or unfair)`
Super-classes	Unrighteousness^c
Sub-classes	Inequity^c

Ink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ink`
Description	NOTE that the 'ink' of a squid is not included in this sense - this is for artificial colored liquids, designed to be used for creating text or images by appying it to a surface. 'invisible ink' is not 'Ink' in this sense. `'Ink' is not colorless WordNet sense 1 of 'ink': in WordNet: 1. (2) ink - (a liquid used for printing or writing or drawing)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c LiquidSubstance^c OpaqueSubstance^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasAttribute^op value DarklyColored^c hasComponentSubstance^op some Pigment^c
Sub-classes	PrintingInk^c

Inkling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inkling`
Description	An 'Inkling' is ''Thought'' about some topic, about which the thinker is uncertain because it is only suggested by some external stimulus or a vague suggestion from another person or by some intuitive process, rather than from some definitive assertion, oral or written. To say 'I have no inkling' means that the speaker has no knowledge about the topic raised or question asked, not even an ''Inkling''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inkling' in WordNet: 1. (1) inkling, intimation, glimmering, glimmer - (a slight suggestion or vague understanding; 'he had no inkling what was about to happen')`
Super-classes	Thought^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Brain^c

Inkwell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inkwell`
Description	A ''Inkwell'' is a small container used to contain ''Ink'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inkwell' in WordNet: 1. inkwell, inkstand - (a small well holding writing ink into which a pen can be dipped)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c LiquidContainer^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value NibbedPen^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value WritingByHand^c isDesignedToContain^op value Ink^c

Inland^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inland

Description

''Inland'' is the opposite of ''Coastal'', pertaining to ''LandArea''s that are not close to a ''Coast''. To specify a distance ''Inland'' will usually be interpreted as the distance from a ''Coast''. Grammatically that would be an adverb (see ''Inlandly'').

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inland' in Wordnet:
       1. inland - (situated away from an area's coast or border)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Inlandly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inlandly

Description

''Inlandly'' is the label representing the adverbial form of ''Inland'' (the actual English words of adjective and adverb are the same, this odd variant label avoids duplication of the spelling)

     Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'inland' in Wordnet:
       1. inland -  (towards or into the interior of a region; 
           'the town is five miles inland')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Inlet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inlet`
Description	A ''Inlet'' is a BodyOfWater ''Shoreline'' of a land formation that is adjacent to some larger ''BodyOfWater'' - which is typically a ''Sea'' but could be a 'Lake''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inlet' in WordNet: 1. (3) inlet, recess - (an arm off of a larger body of water (often between rocky headlands))`
Super-classes	BodyOfWater^c OutdoorGeographicalObject^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value BodyOfWater-Large^c isConnectedTo^op some (Sea^c or Lake^c) isLocatedAt^op value Shoreline^c
Sub-classes	Fjord^c

Inmate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inmate`
Description	This is a generic ''Inmate'' representing a person who is living in in some ResidentialInstitution `Includes all three noun senses 1 of 'inmate' in WordNet: 1. (2) inmate - (one of several resident of a dwelling (especially someone confined to a prison or hospital)) 2. (1) inpatient, inmate - (a patient who is residing in the hospital where he is being treated) 3. (1) convict, con, inmate, jail bird, jailbird, gaolbird, yard bird, yardbird - (a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison)`
Super-classes	Resident^c
Restrictions	residesIn^op some (Hospital^c or Prison^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	Convict^c

Inn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inn

Description

A building with lots of bedrooms, which people pay to use.

        For hotels with lots of rooms, use parent type 'Hotel'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inn' in WordNet:
          1. (3) hostel, hostelry, inn, lodge, auberge - (a hotel providing overnight 
          lodging for travelers)

Super-classes HotelBuilding^c

Innate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Innate`
Description	''Innate'' is an AttributeValue of qualities indicating that they were acquired at birth, whether by genetic iheritance or acquired in the womb. `Includes adjective sense 1 of 'innate' in WordNet: 2. natural, born, innate - (being talented through inherited qualities; 'a natural leader'; 'a born musician'; 'an innate talent') 3. congenital, inborn, innate - (present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during fetal development)`
Super-classes	Inherent^c
Sub-classes	Hereditary^c

Innately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Innately

Description

''innately'' in the sense of 'by nature', 'due to inborn qualities' is an adverb often used to modify a PastParticiple as well as other attributes. 'innately curious'.

   Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'innately' in WordNet:
     1. innately - (in an innate manner; 'the child is said to be innately disposed to learn language')
   WN adv 'naturally':
     2. (71) naturally, by nature - (through inherent nature; 'he was naturally lazy')
   WN adverb 'inherently':
     1. inherently - (in an inherent manner; 'the subject matter is sexual activity of any overt kind,
       which is depicted as inherently desirable and exciting')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Inner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inner

Description

A specialization of the AttributeValue 'Internal', signifying that the entity characterized is not only not on the surface, but at or near to the center of the containing thing. This is a broad sense, including objects ('inner ear'), processes, and Events, and relating to the internal parts or functions of Objects, Organizations, and Groups ('inner council of the administration')

      Includes adjective senses 2 and 6 of 'inner' in WordNet:
        WN 'inner' 
          2. (5) inner - (located or occurring within or closer to a center; 'an inner room')
          6. inner - (inside or closer to the inside of the body; 'the inner ear')
        WN 'interior'
          4. interior - (inside and toward a center; "interior regions of the earth")

Super-classes Internal^c

Inner-City^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inner-City`
Description	`No Wn sense for adjective 'inner-city'.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

InnerCity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InnerCity`
Description	An ''InnerCity'' is a ''MiddleOfAnObject'' (rather than Region) because a ''CityArea'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' (the objects located in a city). This differs from parent type ''CityCenter'' in being ''Old''; a relatively new ''CityCenter'' or one mainly occupied by businesses would not be an instance. `city center, city centre, central city Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inner city' in WordNet: 1. (2) inner city - (the older and more populated and (usually) poorer central section of a city)`
Super-classes	CityCenter^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Old^c

InnerNuclearMembrane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InnerNuclearMembrane`
Description	Each instance is a #$LipidBilayer constituting the inner membrane of a #$NuclearEnvelope.
Super-classes	LipidBilayer^c

Innings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Innings`
Description	This ''Innings'' is a Group of ''BaseballInning''s within a single game.
Super-classes	EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only BaseballInning^c

Innocence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Innocence

Description

'Innocence' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) arising as a result of a Person having not committed some Action that was either a breach of some Rule or caused harm to something or someone. This is a SocialState, being a state that involves a Person's relations with the community, but is not always a SocialStatus because Innocence is independent of whether other people know that a Person is innocent of an Action - a Person may have Innocense while being perceived as Guilty.

   Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'innocence' in WordNet:
     3. innocence - (a state or condition of being innocent of a specific crime or offense;
     'the trial established his innocence')

Super-classes SocialState^c

Innocent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Innocent`
Description	'Innocent' is an attribute of people who are in the state of Innocence (of some particular act) due to not having performed some Action considered as an 'offence' (against some rule). `The use of 'innocent child' overlaps with the gloss for ''Blameless'' Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'innocent' in WordNet: 1. (11) innocent, guiltless, clean-handed - (free from evil or guilt; 'an innocent child'; 'the principle that one is innocent until proved guilty')`
Super-classes	Salient^c SocialStatusAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Sinless^c Blameless^c

Innovating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Innovating`
Description	''Innovating'' is a form of ''Pioneering'' in which a Person creates something new that has not perviously been seen, done, or thought of - at least within the known world of that Person. For the type of ''Innovation'' that thinks up a new useful ''Device'' use ''InventingEvent''. `This is broad and can be widely used for creating new ideas in science, art, business, or any other human endeavor. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'innovate' in WordNet: 1. (1) introduce, innovate - (bring something new to an environment; 'A new word processor was introduced')`
Super-classes	Pioneering^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op some Pioneer^c hadObjectCreated^op some NovelThing^c

Innovative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Innovative

Description

''Innovative'' is an attribute of a Person who performs ''Innovating''.

       To characterize the type of ''NovelThing'' that may be created in the
         process ofInnovating'',if it is 'advanced' in a technical sense,
         use ''Advanced-Modern''.

        NOTE: To be 'Creative' is not necessarily
          to be ''Innovative''. the difference is that being ''Creative''
          only requires creation of things that are interesting or useful, even though
          those things may not be ''Novel-New''.

        Correspond to adjective sense 2 of'innovative' in WordNet:
           2. innovative, innovational, groundbreaking - 
              (being or producing something like nothing done or experienced 
              or created before; 'stylistically innovative works'; 
              'innovative members of the artistic community';
              'a mind so innovational, so original')

Super-classes Creative^c

Innovator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Innovator`
Description	An ''Innovator'' is a ''Person'' who has performed the Action of ''Innovating'' at least once.. `For one who creates an 'Invention'' for a living, use subtype ''Inventor''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'innovator' in WordNet (in COSMO it is notloimited to the things mentioned in the WN gloss): in WordNet: 1. pioneer, innovator, trailblazer, groundbreaker - (someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art)`
Super-classes	Discoverer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Innovating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Innovative^c
Sub-classes	Inventor^c

Inoculum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inoculum

Description

Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.36). This is broader than the Wordnet sense, in that it includes any substance 'inoculated' into anything, whether animal, vegetable, or a growth medium (as in gowing bacteria in a flask or tank). Derived form senses 1,2, and 3 of 'inoculate' in RHW: 1. to implant (a disease agent or antigen) in a person, animal, or plant to produce a disease for study or to stimulate disease resistance. 2. to affect or treat (a person, animal, or plant) in this manner. 3. to introduce (microorganisms) into surroundings suited to their growth, as a culture medium.

        @vaccinating 
    TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay"
      @HealthCareEvent

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inoculum' in WordNet:
         1. inoculant, inoculum - (a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is 
          introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease)

Super-classes SubstanceRole^c
PhysicalSubstance^c

Inoperability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inoperability`
Description	''Inoperability'' is the ' ''PersistentState'' of some functional thing (natural or artifactual) that cannot perform its normal functioning, even at a reduced level (meaning that it is not just 'Malfunctioing' - working but at less than usual efficiency. This can be for, e.g. body organs, or for devices.
Super-classes	DysfunctionalCondition^c Quality^c Action^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value FunctionalObject^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Inoperable^c

Inoperable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inoperable

Description

Inoperable is the attribute of a SelfPoweredDevice that is NonFunctional, because of some malfunctioning or missing component. The absence of main function must be due to some malfunction of a component that is not expendable, such as fuel or batteries. The absence of spark plugs in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine would make that vehicle 'NonFunctional'. An empty gasoline tank or dead battery would make it 'UnableToFunction'. A broken engine or generator (alternator) would make it 'Inoperable'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inoperable' and sense 2 of 
        'nonfunctional' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) inoperable - (not able to perform its normal function)
     WN 'nonfunctional':
       2. malfunctioning, nonfunctional - (not performing or able to
        perform its regular function; 'a malfunctioning valve')

Super-classes NonFunctional^c

InorganicChemical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InorganicChemical`
Description	.
Super-classes	InorganicMaterial^c ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Ammonia^c Hydroxylamine^c Metal^c CalciumFluoride^c AmmoniaWater^c InorganicSalt^c HydrogenCyanide^c HydrogenFluoride^c Oxide^c

InorganicMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InorganicMaterial`
Description	COSMO note: In COSMO, this is a substance, not an object. There are some inorganic materials, such as carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride, that contain carbon. So carbon content is not the only criterion to distinguish organic from inorganic substances. `Cyc: A specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$InorganicMaterial is a tangible thing wholly composed of one or more types of inorganic molecule. Instances of #$InorganicMaterial usually didn't originate as parts or products of living things. Notable specializations of #$InorganicMaterial include #$Mineral, #$Metal, and #$Glass. Sometimes called 'inorganics' in lab slang, as in 'pure oil with no inorganics'.`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c PhysicalSubstance^c InanimateThing^c
Sub-classes	Glass^c SoftSolidInorganicStuff^c Enamel^c BariumChloride^c InorganicChemical^c Ore^c Cement-Structural^c SiliconDioxide^c Mineral^c BoricAcid^c

InorganicNitrates^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InorganicNitrates`
Description	''InorganicNitrates'' is a class of inorganic salts that has nitrate ions as the anions. This is not the anion itself. See ''NitrateIon''.
Super-classes	Nitrate^c InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value NitrateIon^c
Sub-classes	BariumNitrate^c

InorganicSalt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InorganicSalt`
Description	An inorganic substance that consists of ions rather than covalently bonded molecules.
Super-classes	Salt^c InorganicChemical^c
Sub-classes	QuickLime^c CalciumCarbonate^c PotassiumCarbonate^c Chloride^c PotassiumHydroxide^c CalciumSulfate^c SlakedLime^c InorganicSodiumSalt^c InorganicNitrates^c SodiumHydroxide^c Phosphate^c Carbide^c

InorganicSodiumSalt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InorganicSodiumSalt`
Description	An inorganic salt that has sodium ions as the cations. NOTE that sodium salts of organic acids are not included in this type.
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Sub-classes	BakingSoda^c SodiumChloride^c

Inpatient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inpatient`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$MedicalPatients who spend at least one night in a #$Hospital for their current occasion of being a patient. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inpatient' in WordNet: 1. inpatient, inmate - (a patient who is residing in the hospital where he is being treated)`
Super-classes	MedicalPatient^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value StayingOvernightInaHospital^c

Input^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Input`
Description	''Input''is the Role of an Object or Substance or Event(?) (any kind of ''Resource'') that is the 'starting material' for some ''ProcessingSomething'' Event, and is itself changed into something else by the ''ProcessingSomething''. This is very general, and can be physical objects or substances for a physical transformation process, or Information (in any form) for an information processing Event (as in a computer) or for deciding. This is for the things that are actually changed in a ''Processing'' Event. These ''Input''s are related to the ''ProcessingSomething'' Event by the relation ''processes'' or by ''hasChangedEntity''. Other Resources that are used but not themselves converted into product in a ''ProcessingSomething'' can be related to the Event by the relation ''makesUseOf''. `((@rev1531 - still refining this concept "ProcessingSomething" #Processing" "isChangedByEvent" object (not necessarily an ElectronicDevice) emits radio waves. Is used in (inv uses resource?) )) Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'input' in WordNet: 1. (3) input signal, input - (signal going into an electronic system) 3. input - (a component of production; something that goes into the production of output)`
Super-classes	Resource^c
Restrictions	isProcessedBy^op value ProcessingSomething^c isChangedByEvent^op some ProcessingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Ore^c

InputType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InputType`
Description	InputType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on types of ''Input''s.
Super-classes	ResourceType^c
Members	Ore Input

Inputting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inputting`
Description	Each ''Inputting'' is a ''Stimulus'' that is an Action performed by some ''IntentionalAgent'' in order to cause some ''Response'' in a ''Device'' The WN gloss refers to 'data'- thistype is broader, and the subtype ''InputtingData' is close to the WN gloss. `Includes verb sense 1 of 'input' in WordNet: 1. input - (enter (data or a program) into a computer)`
Super-classes	Role^c Stimulus^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some DeviceResponse^c
Sub-classes	InputtingData^c

InputtingData^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InputtingData`
Description	Each ''InputtingData'' is an ''Inputting'' that is an Action performed by some ''Person'' in order to cause storage of some ''Information'' in a ''Device'' or ''InformationBearingObject'' (this includes inputting onto a solid data storage medium such as paper,or tape). `Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'input' in WordNet: 1. input - (enter (data or a program) into a computer)`
Super-classes	IBOCreation^c Inputting^c Role^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some DeviceResponse^c

Inquest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inquest`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inquest' in WordNet: 1. (1) inquest - (an inquiry into the cause of an unexpected death)`
Super-classes	Autopsy^c Investigation^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value CauseOfDeath^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Coroner^c

Inquirer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inquirer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inquirer' in WordNet: 1. inquirer, enquirer, questioner, querier, asker - (someone who asks a question)`
Super-classes	Communicator^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Asking^c
Sub-classes	Pollster^c Tester^c

Inquiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inquiring`
Description	Inquiring is the general term for an intelligent agent, asking some form of question, by word or deed (test or experiment), This includes questioning, searching, inspection, testing including medical tests, and investigations including extended periods of research. Various subtypes of ''Inquiring'' such as ''Examining'', 'testing' (''TestingEvent''), ''Inspection'', ''Investigation'' all have overlapping elements and are not yet (rev1153) fully distinguished. In COSMO, Inquiring can be any activity whose purpose is to obtain some information of a predetermined type, including asking questions, looking in a book or web site for some information, doing some experiment or test (such as a chemical analysis). This type requires that there be an intention to learn information of a particular type; so, although every experience provides the experiencer with some information, there are many experiences that are not instances of Inquiring. Some activities, such as doing a test or experiment, may actually generate new information as well as being instances of Inquiring. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'inquire' in WordNet and sense 1 of noun 'inquiry'; sense 1 is the more specific subtype 'Asking' and sense 3 the more specific subtype 'Investigation'. in WordNet: 1. (13) ask, inquire, enquire - (inquire about; 'I asked about their special today'; 'He had to ask directions several times') 3. investigate, inquire, enquire - - (conduct an inquiry or investigation of; 'The district attorney's office investigated reports of possible irregularities'; 'inquire into the disappearance of the rich old lady') WN noun 'inquiry': 1. (4) inquiry, enquiry, research - (a search for knowledge; 'their pottery deserves more research than it has received')
Super-classes	InformationTransferEvent^c Searching^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Answer^c
Sub-classes	Inspection^c TestingEvent^c InformationGathering^c Investigation^c Asking^c Recognizing^c

Inquisitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inquisitive`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Curiosity'', and as a consquence acts to satisfy that curiosity (about something particular), whether by exploring some place, or by reading, or by inquiring. This AttributeValue attributes both a Feeling and a Behavior to an Animal. RHW 'inquisitive': 1. given to inquiry, research, or asking questions; eager for knowledge; intellectually curious: an inquisitive mind. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inquisitive' and sense 1 of 'inquiring' (any difference??) in Wordnet: 1. (1) inquisitive, speculative, questioning, wondering - (showing curiosity; 'if someone saw a man climbing a light post they might get inquisitive'; 'raised a speculative eyebrow') 2. inquisitive - (inquiring or appearing to inquire; 'an inquiring look'; 'the police are proverbially inquisitive') WN adj 'inquiring': 1. (2) inquiring - (given to inquiry; 'an inquiring mind')
Super-classes	Curious^c
Sub-classes	Nosy^c

Inroads^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inroads

Description

''Inroads'' is an ''Intrusion'' in which a part of the thing entered (abstract or physical) becomee occupied or possesssed (in some sense) by the Person making ''Inroads''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inroad' in WordNet:
          1. (1) inroad - (an encroachment or intrusion; 'they made inroads 
              in the United States market')

Super-classes Intrusion^c

Insane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insane`
Description	The attribute of someone who has the AilmentCondition of Insanity. This refers to a clinical condition, and can therefore is a subtype of 'Sick' in the literal sense. I can be applied to other mammals that behave erratically for their species. See also ''ConsideredCrazy'' There are informal terms that can be cinsidered as synonyms for ''Insane'' but are commonly used in a hyperbolic manner; these are not included in this type: 2. balmy, barmy, bats, batty, bonkers, buggy, cracked, crackers, daft, dotty, fruity, haywire, kooky, kookie, loco, loony, loopy, nuts, nutty, round the bend, around the bend, wacky, whacky - (informal or slang terms for mentally irregular; 'it used to drive my husband balmy') RHW 'insane': Syn. 1. demented; lunatic, crazed, crazy; maniacal. 3. foolish, irrational. See mad. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crazy', sense 1 of 'insane', sense 2 of 'mad', sense 1 of 'demented' and sense 1 of 'nuts' in WordNet: WN 'crazy' 1. (10) brainsick, crazy, demented, distracted, disturbed, mad, sick, unbalanced, unhinged - (affected with madness or insanity; 'a man who had gone mad') WN 'insane' 1. (11) insane - (afflicted with or characteristic of mental derangement; 'was declared insane'; 'insane laughter') WN 'nutty' 2. balmy, barmy, bats, batty, bonkers, buggy, cracked, crackers, daft, dotty, fruity, haywire, kooky, kookie, loco, loony, loopy, nuts, nutty, round the bend, around the bend, wacky, whacky - (informal or slang terms for mentally irregular; 'it used to drive my husband balmy')
Super-classes	Sick^c AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Deranged^c

Insanely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insanely`
Description	' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'insanely' in WordNet: 1. (2) insanely, crazily, dementedly, madly - (in an insane manner; 'she behaved insanely'; 'he behaves crazily when he is off his medication'; 'the witch cackled madly'; 'screaming dementedly'
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Insanity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insanity`
Description	'Insanity' is an AilmentCondition of an Animal (not necessarily a Person) that is mentally deranged in a serious way, such as being delusional or hallucinating. There are cases where diagnosing this condition may not be evident to a layman. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insanity' and sense 1 of 'madness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) insanity - (relatively permanent disorder of the mind) WN noun 'madness': 1. (2) lunacy, madness, insaneness - (obsolete terms for legal insanity)`
Super-classes	PsychologicalAilment^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Insane^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Lunatic^c
Sub-classes	Irrationality^c

Inscribed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inscribed

Description

''Inscribed'' is the attribute of an ''Inscrption" or of an Object that has an ''Inscription'' on it.

       NOTE: the WN glosses suggest actions not in the intended meaning of this type:
           This does not include  'handwriting' or an 'engraved invitation' -
           the letters have to be produced by removing material from the surface
           of sufficient hardness and thickness to allow removal of material without 
           changing its shape - inscribed on metal, stone,or glass (often etched),
               or wood, or other hard materials.
       Corresponds to sense 2 and part of adjective sense 1 ('carving') and sense 2 of 
                  'inscribed' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) inscribed - (written (by handwriting, printing, engraving, or carving) 
              on or in a surface)
         2. engraved, etched, graven, incised, inscribed - (cut or impressed into a surface; 
             'an incised design'; 'engraved invitations')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InscribedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InscribedObject`
Description	An ''InscribedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that has an ''Inscrption" on it.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inscribed^c

Inscribing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inscribing`
Description	''Inscribing'' is a ''CarvingSomething'' (includes engraving, chiseling, etching, and scratching ) that removes material from the surface of a ''SolidObject''' to produce a ''InscribedObject'' that has an ''Inscription''on it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inscribe' in WordNet: 1. (2) scratch, engrave, grave, inscribe - (carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface; 'engrave a pen'; 'engraved the winner's name onto the trophy cup'; 'the lovers scratched their names into the bark of the tree')`
Super-classes	CarvingSomething^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	produces^op value InscribedObject^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Inscribed^c occursAt^op value SurfaceOfaHardObject^c produces^op value Inscription^c

Inscription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inscription`
Description	An ''Inscription''' is a short ''TextMarking'' that may extend for more than one line (as on a tombstone or obelisk), carved by any process into a surface so as to produce an ''Indentation''. `This is not for text produced by printing or writing. 'carving' text into a surface by firing a beam of particles (or a laser beam) at the surface in a controlled pattern would be a borderline included example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inscription' in WordNet: 1. (3) inscription, lettering - (letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something)`
Super-classes	TextMarking^c Group^c Indentation^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value PhysicalCharacter^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inscribed^c isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value InscribedObject^c

Insect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insect`
Description	An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a specialization of #$Arthropod. Each instance of #$Insect is an arthropod whose body is segmented into thirds, with three pairs of legs, a pair of antennae, and sometimes two pairs of wings. Specializations of #$Insect include #$Bee, #$Ant, and #$Butterfly. `NOTE the prototypical possession of six legs for each 'Insect'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insect' in WordNet: 1. (8) insect - (small air-breathing arthropod)`
Super-classes	Arthropod^c
Restrictions	canBeKilledBy^op value Insecticide^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixLegs^c
Sub-classes	InsectLarva^c Imago^c QueenOfInsectColony^c Lepidopteran^c Grasshopper^c Fly^c Pupa^c Cockroach^c Dragonfly^c Beetle^c Flea^c Mosquito^c WaterStrider^c Thysanuron^c Xylophage^c Bookworm^c Pollinator^c Cricket^c Louse^c HymenopteranOrder^c

InsectEater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsectEater`
Description	''InsectEater''s include birds or small animals like moles or shrews that feed mainly on insects. Does not include insect-eating plants. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'insectivore' in WordNet: 2. insectivore - (any organism that feeds mainly on insects)`
Super-classes	Carnivore^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Insect^c
Sub-classes	Anteater^c Mole^c

InsectLarva^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsectLarva`
Description	An insect in the 'LarvalStage' of life. For the non-insect larva, use the parent type 'Larva'.
Super-classes	Insect^c Larva^c
Sub-classes	Caterpillar^c

InsectProboscis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsectProboscis`
Description	CYC: The collection of all body parts that are the long tubular mouth parts to some #$Insects. Most use this to suck nectar from flowers, like the #$Butterfly, but the female mosquito uses it to take blood from vertebrates. `RHW: 3. Also called beak. the elongate, protruding mouth parts of certain insects, adapted for sucking or piercing. NO WN sense for insect proboscis`
Super-classes	AnatomicalVessel^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Insect^c

Insecticide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insecticide`
Description	CYC: The collection of all samples of insecticides -- i.e. chemicals designed to kill insects. NOTE: many insecticides are poisonous to some extent to organisms other than insects,including people and birds, especially the nerve agents `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insecticide' in WordNet: 1. (2) insecticide, insect powder - (a chemical used to kill insects)`
Super-classes	ToxicSubstance^c Pesticide^c
Restrictions	canKill^op value Insect^c
Sub-classes	Parathion^c Malathion^c

Insectivore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insectivore`
Description	Not just animals - even plant smay feed on insects! `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'insectivore' in WordNet: 2. insectivore - (any organism that feeds mainly on insects)`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Insect^c
Sub-classes	PiciformBird^c Vireo^c InsectivorousMammal^c VenusFlyTrap^c Shrew^c

InsectivorousMammal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsectivorousMammal`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insectivore' in WordNet: 1. insectivore - (small insect-eating mainly nocturnal terrestrial or fossorial mammals)`
Super-classes	Mammal^c TerrestrialOrganism^c Insectivore^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NocturnallyActive^c

Insecurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insecurity`
Description	This sense of ''Insecurity'' represents a situation the is ''Risky'' in some respect, but not to the level of being considered ''Dangerous''. This is a situation with potential loss, but of any kind or intensity. 'job insecurity' would be a subtype. `This represents a lack of ''Safety'' at any level; for a more serious lack of Safety that can lead to a serious loss, use subtype ''"DangerousSituation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insecurity' in WordNet: 1. insecurity - (the state of being subject to danger or injury)`
Super-classes	RiskySituation^c ProblemSituation^c UndesirableSituation^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Safety^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unsafe^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c mayCause^op some (UndesirableEvent^c or PersonalLoss^c) isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unsafe^c
Sub-classes	DangerousSituation^c

Insensible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insensible

Description

''Insensible'' is to be unaware of or ''Indifferent'' to some form of human trouble or pain or suffering.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'insensible' in Wordnet:
           2. insensible, unaffected - (unaware of or indifferent to;
              'insensible to the suffering around him')

Super-classes Indifferent^c

Insensitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insensitive`
Description	'Insensitive' is the AttributeValue of something that is not susceptible to be affected by an action, or to react to an action. This is a broad sense of 'insensitive' including bacteria being insensitive to antibiotics, calluses being insensitive to touch; an instrument being insensitive to (unable to detect) a certain stimulus below a certain level of intensity. Insensitivity can in some cases be quantified, as with bacteria that are 'insensitive' to certain antibiotics. In such cases 'insensitive' may be more or les arbitrarily defined and distinguished from 'sentitive' for specific objects by some specific level of sensitivity. In some contexts, 'insensitive' is a synonym of 'resistant'. `For Organisms 'resistant' to being harmed by environmental condiions, use subtype ''Tolerant'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insensitive' and senses 2 and 3 of 'resistant' in WordNet: 1. (1) insensitive - (not responsive to physical stimuli; 'insensitive to radiation') WN 'resistant': 3. resistant - (impervious to being affected; 'resistant to the effects of heat'; 'resistant to persuasion')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Heavy-Duty^c Resistant^c

Inseparable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inseparable

Description

This attribute can be applied to inanimate Objects thatcannot be separated, or to People (or other animals) that remain close companions indefinitely.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inseparable' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) inseparable - (not capable of being separated; 'inseparable pieces of rock')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Inserting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inserting`
Description	'Inserting'' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' where the final intended destination of the object moved is the interior of something. `Includes verb senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'insert' in WordNet: 1. (12) insert, infix, enter, introduce - (put or introduce into something; 'insert a picture into the text') 2. (4) insert, enclose, inclose, stick in, put in, introduce - (introduce; 'Insert your ticket here') 3. (3) tuck, insert - (fit snugly into; 'insert your ticket into the slot'; 'tuck your shirttail in')`
Super-classes	EnclosingSomething^c ConveyingMaterials^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	isIntoInteriorOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c DeflatingAction^c Sowing^c EncasingSomething^c InterpolatingaText^c InflatingAction^c InjectingOrInfusing^c Implanting^c

Inside-Out^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inside-Out`
Description	'Inside-Out' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that are a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' forming a cavity ofsome kind, that normally have one distinguishable side facing outside the cavity, and have been turned so that all or most of the outside surface now faces inside,and vice-versa. This can apply to parts of a larger object such as the sleeve or leg of a garment that has been turned ''Inside-Out''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inside-out' in Wordnet: 1. wrong-side-out, inside-out - (with the inside surface on the outside)`
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c

InsideLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsideLocation`
Description	An 'InsideLocation' is any 'GenericLocation' that is inside of (included in the spatial region of) some Object or Region. This is a broad sense, including the inside of containers and the inside of geographical or spatial regions `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inside' in WordNet: 1. (4) inside, interior - (the region that is inside of something)`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or Region^c)
Sub-classes	IndoorLocation^c

InsideOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsideOfSomething`
Description	A 'InsideOfSomething' is a ''RelativeLocation'' that is defined by being 'inside' something (anything) that can be said to have an 'inside'and 'outside'. `NOTE: this duplicates the essential meaning of relation ''isInsideof'', but may be linguistically easier to interpret. To say that something hasLocation ''InsideOfSomething'' is essentially the same as saying it ''isInsideOf'' that something. Unclear if this is completely superfluous. Is not the same as, but related to,adverb sense 1 of 'inside' in Wordnet: 1. (6) inside, within - (on the inside; 'inside, the car is a mess')`
Super-classes	RelativeLocation^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op some owl:Thing^c

InsideSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsideSurface`
Description	An ''InsideSurface'' is a ''SurfaceOfaHardObject'' where the ''HardObject'' is hollow like a shell (at least in part) and sufficiently rigid that the inside surface can be accessed by some PhysicalObject. The ''HardObject'' does not have to be very hard, since this type will include the inside surface of biological ''Cell''s, that can have special properties and objects attached to it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inside' in WordNet: 2. (4) inside, interior - (the inner or enclosed surface of something)`
Super-classes	SurfaceOfaHardObject^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value SolidObject^c

Insider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insider`
Description	A ''Insider'' is a person who is a member of some close-knit Group of people (a ''CommunityOfInterest'') `The terms''Insider' and ''Outsider'' are context-dependent, referring to some particular ''CommunityOfInterest'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'insider' in WordNet: 1. insider - (an officer of a corporation or others who have access to private information about the corporation's operations)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c ReciprocalRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some CommunityOfInterest^c

InsidiouslyHarmful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsidiouslyHarmful

Description

'''InsidiouslyHarmful'' is an AttributeValue of Events or Objects that are ''Harmful'' but appear harmless and may be attractive.

      Includes art of RHW'insidious':
        3.  operating or proceeding in an inconspicuous or seemingly harmless way
             but actually with grave effect: an insidious disease.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insidious' in Wordnet:
         1. insidious - (beguiling but harmful; 'insidious pleasures')

Super-classes Bad^c
Harmful^c

Insight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insight`
Description	''Insight'' is a deep ''Understanding'' of something that 'penetrates' into the details not evident from a shallow understanding; the state of knowing something is represented in COSMO as 'KnowingSomething'. Every instance of 'Understanding' causes some state of 'KnowingSomething'; to assert that a person has '''Insight'' suggests that that understanding is more detailed than most people would have. `Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'insight' in WordNet: 1. (9) penetration, insight - (clear or deep perception of a situation) 3. (3) insight, brainstorm, brainwave - (the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation) 4. insight, sixth sense - (grasping the inner nature of things intuitively)`
Super-classes	Understanding^c
Sub-classes	Revelation^c

Insightful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insightful

Description

''Insightful'' is an attribute characterizing people and communication objects that exhibit ''Insight''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insightful' in Wordnet:
       1. insightful - (exhibiting insight or clear and deep perception;
          'an insightful parent'; 'the chapter is insightful and suggestive 
            of new perspectives' - R.C.Angell)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InsightfulAssertion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsightfulAssertion`
Description	Each ''InsightfulAssertion'' is an ''Assertion'' in oral or text form that expresses "Unobvious" Information derived from an ''Insight' Action.
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unobvious^c isProducedByEventType^op value Insight^c

Insignia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insignia`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is an IconicImage in which the Icon represents some group or organization or rank or status in some group. This can be essentially all text, but it must be arranged in some distinctive manner that symbolizes its meaning in a way that simple text would not - color or arrangement of the parts of the ''Insignia''. `Cyc: A collection of symbolic objects. Each element of #$Insignia is a visual configuration conventionally associated with some organization, person, or other agent. Elements of #$Insignia include monograms, company logos, devices of heraldry, totems, the official seals of universities, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insignia' and noun sense 1 of 'emblem'in Wordnet: 1. insignia - (a badge worn to show official position)`
Super-classes	EmblemObject^c
Sub-classes	Flag^c

Insignificant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insignificant`
Description	To be ''Insignificant'' is to have a size, effect, or relevance to some purpose so small that, even if noticeable, it can be ignored. An even smaller level of significance would be ''Trivial' or ''NegligiblySmall'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insignificant' in WordNet: 1. (5) insignificant, trivial - (not large enough to consider or notice)`
Super-classes	Salient^c
Sub-classes	Trivial^c

Insincere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insincere`
Description	''Insincere'' is an attribute of ''Assertion''s that are not intended to express the true beliefs or feelings of the person making them, but for other purposes, often to make someone favorably inclined toward the person making such a statement, or to avoid taking responsibility for some bad Action. .''Insincere'' also characterizes a Person who makes such an assertion, at least for that particular case. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'insincere' (pertaining to assertions, not to people) in WordNet: 1. insincere - (lacking sincerity; 'a charming but thoroughly insincere woman'; 'their praise was extravagant and insincere')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PartlyTrue^c Servile^c Flattering^c DeceptivelyFalse^c Meretricious^c Hypocritical^c

Insincerely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insincerely`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'insincerely' in Wordnet: 1. insincerely - (without sincerity; 'she congratulated him somewhat insincerely')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Insistent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insistent

Description

'Insistent' is an AttributeValue (which could be temporary) of someone who is ''Insisting'' on something (i.e. insisting that something be done). This implies that a request is performed at least twice, perhaps more often.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insistent' in WordNet:
           1. (2) insistent, repetitive - (persistently continual; 
              'the bluejay's insistent cry')

Super-classes Repetitive^c
BehaviorAttribute^c

Insisting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insisting`
Description	'Insisting' is a forceful type of 'Requesting' in which the person Insisting insists that something be done, but does not have authority to punish (other than by modest reprimand, as with children) the person who is commanded if that person does not comply. The difference between a 'Insisting' and 'Ordering' is the absence or presence, respectively, of authority to force compliance or punish non-compliance. ? label 'InsistingOn'?? ''Insisting'' is used as the label here so as to reserve ''Demanding'' for an attribute of a superior who is 'demanding' in requiring strict performance of asigned tasks. In Cyc called 'Demanding-CommunicationAct' Cyc: A collection of communication acts. In each instance of #$Demanding-CommunicationAct, an agent presents to some other agent(s) an expectation that the latter do something that the first agent describes in the demand. Making a demand differs from giving an order in that an ordering agent has some authoritative claim on the agent to whom the order is issued. While a demanding agent may have reasons to expect that the demand will be fulfilled, there is no compelling authoritative claim on the agent to whom the demand is made. See also #$Ordering-CommunicationAct. This includes one sense of 'insist', as suggested in verb sense 1 of 'insist' in RHW: 1. to be emphatic, firm, or resolute on some matter of desire, demand, intention, etc.: He insists on checking every shipment. Although 'demand' is not included in any WN synset for 'insist' it comes close to he meaning of WN verb sense 1 and 2 of 'insist': in WordNet: 1. (59) insist, take a firm stand - (be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge; 'I must insist!') 2. (4) importune, insist - (beg persistently and urgently; 'I importune you to help them') WN also: Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'demand' in WordNet 2.1: 1. (47) demand - (request urgently and forcefully; 'The victim's family is demanding compensation'; 'The boss demanded that he be fired immediately'; 'She demanded to see the manager') WN noun 'insistence': 3. insistence, insistency - (the act of insisting on something; 'insistence on grammatical correctness is a conservative position')
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Insistent^c
Sub-classes	Ultimatum^c

Insoluble^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insoluble

Description

Insoluble is an attribute of PhysicalSubstances that means that less than 0.1 gram of the substance will dissolve in 100 ml of water. This 'soluble' is specifically for water, and has the common-sense meaning that, if one had a small quantity of a pwdery substance and wanted to wash it away, rinsing with water will not do the job fairly quickly. The quantitative attribute 'ConcentrationMeasure' specifies the actual amount of solute in each volume of solution, and is related to a solution by the relation 'hasConcentration'.

     Solubility in other solvents is not yet (v0.43) represented.

     NOTE: in this qualitative classification, 'Soluble' means
     a solubility of at least 3 grams per 100 ml, and 'PartlySoluble'
     means between 0.1 and 3 grams per 100 ml.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insoluble' in WordNet:
          1. (10) insoluble, indissoluble - ((of a substance) incapable of being dissolved)

Super-classes ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute^c

Insolvency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insolvency`
Description	''Insolvency'' is an ''FinancialStatus'' of Persons who have no net financial resources. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insolvency' in WordNet: 1. insolvency - (the lack of financial resources)`
Super-classes	BadThing^c FinancialStatus^c Absence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some LegalAgent^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value NetFinancialAssets^c
Sub-classes	BeingOutOfMoney^c Bankruptcy^c

Insomnia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insomnia`
Description	''Insomnia''is an ''SleepDisorder'' in which a Person has more than normal difficulty falling asleep.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insomnia' in WordNet: 1. insomnia - (an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness)`
Super-classes	SleepDisorder^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Weariness^c isTheInabilityToPerformActionType^op value SleepingEvent^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Sleepless^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Insomniac^c

Insomniac^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insomniac`
Description	A Person suffering from ''Insomnia''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insomniac' in WordNet: 1. insomniac, sleepless person - (someone who cannot sleep)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isTheSubjectOfState^op value Insomnia^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sleepless^c

Inspection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inspection`
Description	An Inspection is an act of Inquiring, which uses at least in part some visual examination of a PhysicalObject (which could be a Person or PhysicalDocument), and is generally brief, being completed usually within a day at most (as contrasted with a criminal or scientific investigation which could be extended over months or years). Inspections can be of many types. A sergeant or officer may inspect troops; a vehicle may be inspected at a checkpoint. A border guard may inspect (or examine) a passport; a parent may inspect a child's room. Various subtypes of ''Inquiring'' such as ''Examining'', 'testing' (''TestingEvent''), ''Inspection'', ''Investigation'' all have overlapping elements and are not yet (rev1153) fully distinguished. In WordNet, verb sense 1 of 'inspect' appears to correspond to this sense, but it is a hyponym of 'examine' there. The distinction between 'inspect' and its hypernym is unclear, so we identify verb sense 1 of 'inspect' with its WN parent. 'examine, see'. 'See' in this sense is used mostly for documents: 'Let me see your driver's license', and suggests a more casual examination than to 'inspect'. WN 'inspection' appears to be inspection of persons by superiors, while this tyope is broader. in WordNet: WN 'examine' 2. (11) examine, see - (observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect; 'The customs agent examined the baggage'; 'I must see your passport before you can enter the country') WN 'inspect': 1. (13) inspect - (look over carefully; 'Please inspect your father's will carefully') WN noun 'inspection': 1. (1) inspection, review - (a formal or official examination; 'the platoon stood ready for review'; 'we had to wait for the inspection before we could use the elevator')
Super-classes	Inquiring^c Looking^c
Sub-classes	Scrutiny^c Scanning^c CheckOutProcedure^c Perusing^c

InspectionResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InspectionResult`
Description	A InspectionResult is the information obtained as a result of conducting an Inspection.
Super-classes	Answer^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op only Report^c

Inspector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inspector`
Description	An ''Inspector'' generally an ''IntelligentAgent'' who 'inspects' (looks carefully) at something, though in practice it is used for special kinds of inspectors, such as meat inspectors, home inspectors, or police detectives called 'inspectors'. This sense includes all subtypes, which can be distinguished. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inspector' in WordNet: 1. (4) inspector - (a high ranking police officer) 2. examiner, inspector - (an investigator who observes carefully; 'the examiner searched for clues')`
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Inspection^c
Sub-classes	PoliceInvestigator^c Detective^c

Inspiration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inspiration`
Description	''Inspiration'' is a Feeling of ''Enthusiasm'' caused by a ''Inspiring'' Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to want to perform some ''Action''. Both WN and RHW do not distinguish cearly betwee the action that causes the sate of 'inspiration' and the state caused. RHW distinguishes them but puts them into the same word sense: inspiration 7. the act of inspiring; quality or state of being inspired. This is used in phrases like 'it inspired her to . . .' The WN gloss seems to represent a nominalized form of verb 'inspire', but there is no other sense covering the state of being inspired. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'inspiration' in WordNet: 1. (1) inspiration - (arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity)
Super-classes	Enthusiasm^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value InspiringSomeone^c isDirectedToward^op some Action^c

Inspirational^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inspirational`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inspirational' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inspirational - (imparting a divine influence on the mind and soul)`
Super-classes	Restrictive^c

Inspired^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inspired

Description

        RHW 'inspired':
         1. aroused, animated, or imbued with the spirit to do something,
             by or as if by supernatural or divine influence: an inspired poet.
         2. resulting from such inspiration: an inspired poem; an inspired plan.

Super-classes Aroused^c

Inspiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inspiring`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inspiring' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inspiring - (stimulating or exalting to the spirit)`
Super-classes	Interesting^c

InspiringHope^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InspiringHope

Description

''InspiringHope'' is the attribute of things that, when perceived, inspire hope, such as Events or assertions that are evidence of something desired, ('a hopeful sign'; 'His hopeful words stimulated optimism.') or theories or new ideas that raise hope that a solution to a problem has been found ('a hopeful way of attacking the problem').

    The first part of the WN sense (having hope) is represented by the
      AttributeValue ''Hopeful''.

    Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'hopeful' in WordNet:
      1. (2) hopeful - (having or manifesting or inspiring hope; 
         'a line of people hopeful of obtaining tickets';
         'found a hopeful way of attacking the problem')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InspiringSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InspiringSomeone`
Description	Each ''InspiringSomeone'' is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to be in a state of ''Inspiration'' - an enthusiasm to perform some Action. Other senses of 'inspire' are not represented here. WN 'inspiration' sense 5 is taken as the nominalized form of inspire', i.e. an act that causes the emotion of ''Inspiration'' Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'inspire' and noun sense 5 of 'inspiration' in WordNet: 2. (5) inspire - (supply the inspiration for; 'The article about the artist inspired the exhibition of his recent work') 3. (5) prompt, inspire, instigate - (serve as the inciting cause of; 'She prompted me to call my relatives') WN noun 'inspiration' 5. inspiration, stirring - (arousing to a particular emotion or action)
Super-classes	ArousingAnEmotion^c CausingaMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Inspiration^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Inspired^c

Inspiriting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inspiriting`
Description	''Inspiriting'' is an ''Enlivening'' in which the object is 'inspired' to perform some Activity. This is vague and the Activity stimulated can be of any kind, but is usually more than just mental activity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'inspirit' in WordNet: 1. spirit, spirit up, inspirit - (infuse with spirit; 'The company spirited him up')`
Super-classes	Enlivening^c
Restrictions	causes^op value HumanActivity^c

Instability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instability`
Description	This senses of ''Instability'' represents several attributes such as chemical instability - the propensity to decompose under common circumstances - or positional instability, such as a potential to fall because it is top-heavy, or operational instability (e.g. unreliability) of devices that for any of various reasons may fail to consistently produce the desired and anticipated result. This is not for mental or emotional instability of people or other animals. The glosses for theWN senses 1 to 3 are not comprehensive enough to determine how closely they fit this intended meaning, but can be interpreted in this sense. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'instability' in WordNet: 1. (1) instability - (an unstable order) 2. (1) instability - (unreliability attributable to being unstable)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unstable^c

InstallingSoftware^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstallingSoftware`
Description	''InstallingSoftware'' is to to put some ComputerProgram into a Computer and make any needed additional adjustments to the computer so that the program can function as intended on that computer.
Super-classes	InstallingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value ComputerProgram^c hasEndingPlace^op value Computer^c allowsOrAssists^op value ComputerProgramExecution^c

InstallingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstallingSomething`
Description	This is a general sense of 'install' meaning 'to put some functional Object somewhere and connect it to a larger object so that it can function as intended.' This is 'general' because the *object ('something') can be a PhysicalObject (in which case it is a Device) or an AbstractArtifact such as a piece of software. `For physical installations this usually also involves some form of 'connecting'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'install' and noun sense 1 of 'installation' in WordNet: 1. (29) install, instal, put in, set up - (set up for use; 'install the washer and dryer'; 'We put in a new sink') WN noun 'installation': 1. (4) installation, installing, installment, instalment - (the act of installing something (as equipment); 'the telephone installation took only a few minutes')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c ActionOnObject^c ControllingSomething^c PurposefulAction^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op value FunctionalEvent^c hadObjectHandled^op value UsefulObject^c
Sub-classes	InstallingWiring^c InstallingSoftware^c

InstallingWiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstallingWiring`
Description	''InstallingWiring'' is to to put some ''WiringSystem'' into a larger Object or System, to transmit current for any purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wiring' in WordNet: 2. wiring - (the work of installing the wires for an electrical system or device)`
Super-classes	InstallingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value WiringSystem^c allowsOrAssists^op value ElectricCurrentTransmission^c hadThingTransferred^op value WiringSystem^c

InstallmentPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstallmentPayment`
Description	''InstallmentPayment''is any kind of ''PayingWithMoney'' that is one of the Payment actions that is part of a ''PayingPeriodically'' set of payment. `This can be any kind of periodic payment, not just payments on purchases. *For installment repayments, use subtype ''InstallmentRepayment''. It includes both payer and payee - credit card payments, salary payments,pension payments. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'installment' (not restricted to debts) in WordNet: 1. (2) installment - (a payment of part of a debt; usually paid at regular intervals)`
Super-classes	PayingWithMoney^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value PeriodicPayment^c hadRecipient^op some LegalAgent^c hasRecurrenceInterval^op some TimeInterval^c isaComponentElementOf^op value PayingPeriodically^c
Sub-classes	MakingAnAnnuityPayment^c InstallmentRepayment^c MakingaPensionPayment^c

InstallmentRepayment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstallmentRepayment

Description

A ''InstallmentRepayment'' is one of a series of money transfers that each repay part of some ''Debt'', usually preformed on a regular schedule.

      For a periodic payment (Action) that is not a debt repayment
          use parent ''InstallmentPayment''.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'installment' in WordNet:
      1. (2) installment - (a payment of part of a debt; usually paid at regular intervals)

Super-classes InstallmentPayment^c

Instance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instance`
Description	An 'Instance' is an instance of some entity type - physical, abstract, object, event, whatever - that may be referred to in some communication. This type provides a linguistic means to speficy that something is an instance of a type, without being explicit as to which individual is referred to. The logical operator 'there exists' and the OWL relation 'type' also serve such a function, but are not usually used in normal language in that sense. For physical objects, one can use 'InstanceObject', which might be for example, an 'article of clothing'. For the more specific 'example' as an illustrative instance, use 'Example'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instance' in WordNet, and includes parts of sense 2 and 5 of 'item': in WordNet: 1. (18) case, instance, example - (an occurrence of something; 'it was a case of bad judgment'; 'another instance occurred yesterday'; 'but there is always the famous example of the Smiths') WN 'item': 2. (17) item - (a whole individual unit; especially when included in a list or collection; 'they reduced the price on many items') 5. token, item - (an individual instance of a type of symbol; 'the word 'error' contains three tokens of 'r'')
Super-classes	WholeThing^c Role^c
Sub-classes	InstanceObject^c InstanceOfType^c Example^c

InstanceCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstanceCopy`
Description	An 'InstanceCopy' is one of a number of PhysicalObjects that are all close to identical in makeup, that was created by some artificial process that creates multiple instance of some type of PhysicalObject. A common example is a book made by a printing process, which is an Exemplar of that type of book. Usually called a 'copy' in linguistic usage, but in COSMO 'Copy' is used for an object created as a reproduction of an original, that is not the original. An Exemplar is not necessarily a 'Copy' of anything else. Fof the 'exemplar' that is 'good example' of something,use ''GoodExample''. One can say one has a 'copy' of a book, but an auto that is of a particular make and model, one does not usually say that one has an 'instance' or 'copy', one just say that one has a ?year ?make ?model (e.g. 2005 Toyota Camry). But both are included in this type. Usage: 'I have a copy of 'Moby Dick' on my bookshelf.' 'I liked it so much I bought another copy'. 'She gave me a copy of Madonna's latest album'. 'I have an original copy of the print hanging in my bedroom'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'copy' and sense 4 of 'exemplar' in RHW: RWH 'copy' 2. one of the various examples or specimens of the same book, engraving, or the like. RHW 'exemplar' 4. a copy of a book or text. There does not appear to be any synset in WordNet that represents this sense
Super-classes	Role^c Example^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value MakingMultipleCopies^c

InstanceObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstanceObject

Description

An 'InstanceObject' is PhysicalObject that is an instance of some entity type. This type differs from the more general 'Instance' in being restricted to PhysicalObjects, and serves as the logical representation of the notion of 'article' as in 'article of clothing' or 'household articles'.

   Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'article' in WordNet:
     2. (6) article - (one of a class of artifacts; 'an article of clothing')

Super-classes Instance^c
PhysicalObject^c

InstanceOfType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstanceOfType`
Description	An 'InstanceOfType' is an instance of any entity type that can be used as the object of a ''has'' relation to create an ad hoc semantic relation where no more specific relation is defined. See also discussion of the use of this in the comments to ObjectProperty ''has''.
Super-classes	Instance^c Role^c

Instantaneous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instantaneous

Description

''Instantaneous'' is an Attribute of Events that occur in a very short period of time. The exact period is indefinite, but is too short to allow perception of a lag time. The term 'instantaneous' is used approximately to mean 'very fast' or 'very quickly'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'instantaneous' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) instantaneous, instant - (occurring with no delay; 'relief was instantaneous';
            'instant gratification')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InstantaneousEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstantaneousEvent`
Description	called 'Event' in ISO15926 COSMO note: An InstantaneousEvent is an Event that can be a change that occurs instantaneously - the change can be said to occur at one point in time: a system has a set of attributes that are effective at that point in time, and at any point prior to that, the state may be different in one or more ways. For physical events, this is unrealistic but can be a useful abstraction. Certain social or mental events can be said to be instantaneous, such as a change in title or position that is scheduled ahead of time. ****COSMO Event NOTE: This is not a subtype of ''PersistentState'' or of ''InstantaneousState'' for a subtle reason: A ''PersistentState'' has the exact same 'fluents' (attributes of its included entities) throughout, and an ''InstantaneousState'' likewise represents an unchanging situation. An Event, on the other hand, can and usually does have some changes at the beginning and end. So to avoid the potential confusion of allowing change (''Event'') and denying change (''State'') these are kept separate. In the RealWorld, nothing can change at one point in time, but when an ''InstantaneousEvent'' is defined (for example, as the Change in position title for a Person at 12 AM midnight on January 1), the change can be represented as state before and state after; by convention, state before would hold at any time point before the designated time, no matter how small the interval. This treatment pays deference to the philosophical nuances of representing intervals with infinitesimal points, though it has no practical consequences at all in the RealWorld, where there is a lower limit on how small an interval can be measured. A final nuance is the the 'starting part' and 'ending part' poinnted to by 'starts' or 'finishes' relations will be the same for an InstantaneousEvent or an InstantaneosState. ****** In ISO15926 and some situation calculus representations, processes are simply a series of instantaneous changes followed by periods ('State') of no change. So this is an important concept for some process representations. More practicaly,this type can be used to represent the starting or ending states of an Event, and thus allow an efficient representation of the changes that occurred during an Event, as the pair of starting and ending states. An ''InstantaneousEvent'' can be viewed as the shortest limiting length of an ''Event'' just as a ''TimePoint'' can be viewed as the shortest limiting length of a ''TimeInterval''. InstantaneousEvent[COSMO] is labeled Event [in ISO15926]
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Instantaneous^c
Sub-classes	ProcessBoundary^c EventRelativistic^c

InstantaneousState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstantaneousState`
Description	An InstantaneousState is the set of attributes ('fluents') associated with the Objects of a System at some time point. This is the limiting case of a PersistentState (and of Event), where the time interval is of zero duration. Every Event that is not an InstantaneousState has two InstantaneousStates as components of the Event, the starting state and the ending state.
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
In range of	hadEndingState^op hadBeginningState^op

Instantaneously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instantaneously

Description

''Instantaneously'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action to assert that it was ''Instantaneous''.

            Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'instantaneously' in WordNet:
              1. instantaneously, outright, instantly, in a flash - (without any delay; 
                 'he was killed outright')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Instilled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instilled`
Description	''Instilled'' is an AttributeValue of ideas or beliefs that have been convincingly conveyed to a Person.
Super-classes	Communicated^c PastParticiple^c

InstillingByDrops^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstillingByDrops`
Description	For adding medication by drops, usually into the ''Eye''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'instill' in WordNet: 2. instill, instil - (enter drop by drop; 'instill medication into my eye')`
Super-classes	DirectedTranslation^c PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op some (DropOfLiquid^c or LiquidObjectType^c or DrugSubstanceType^c or SubstanceType^c)

InstillingThoughts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstillingThoughts`
Description	''InstillingThoughts'' one Person 'instills' some idea(s) or belief(s) in another person by a gradual process such that the idea or belief becomes accepted as true (at least for some time). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'instill' in WordNet: 1. instill, transfuse - (impart gradually; 'Her presence instilled faith into the children'; 'transfuse love of music into the students')`
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c ImpartingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Informed^c hadInformationTransferred^op some (Belief^c or Knowledge^c or BeliefType^c or Person^c or PersonType^c) hadObjectModified^op some (Belief^c or Knowledge^c or BeliefType^c or Person^c or PersonType^c)

Instinct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instinct`
Description	An ''Instinct'' is a ''BehavioralDisposition'' that disposes and Animal to behave in certain ways under certain circumstances without ay reasoning, solely by an intuitive set of mental (neural) proesses that do not rise to the level of consciousness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instinct' in WordNet: 1. (4) instinct, inherent aptitude - (inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli; 'the spawning instinct in salmon'; 'altruistic instincts in social animals')`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Instinctive^c

Instinctive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instinctive

Description

''Instinctive'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Instinct''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'instinctive' in Wordnet:
          1. natural, instinctive - (unthinking; prompted by (or as if by) instinct; 
            'a cat's natural aversion to water'; 'offering to help was as instinctive as breathing')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Instinctively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instinctively`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'instinctively' in Wordnet: 1. (1) instinctively - (as a matter of instinct; 'he instinctively grabbed the knife')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Institution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Institution`
Description	This sense of 'institution' is an Organization that conducts its activities largely for public benefit, even though the organization itself may be commercial. This includes schools, hospitals, non-profit research organizations, and some cooperative enterprises that may perform activities also performed by commercial enterprises, but are non-profit and for the benefit of their members, such as some cooperative insurance companies. The word 'institution' has vague usage, and this is only one of the more specific senses. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'institution' and sense 9 of 'establishment' in Random House Webster: RHW 'institution' 1. an organization, establishment, foundation, society, or the like, devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program, esp. one of a public, educational, or charitable character: This college is the best institution of its kind. This does not include the closely related senses of 'institution' 2. the building devoted to such work. 3. a public or private place for the care or confinement of inmates, esp. mental patients or other disabled or handicapped persons. RHW 'establishment': 9. an institution, as a school, hospital, etc. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'establishment' and sense 1 of 'institution' in WordNet: WN 'institution' 1. (26) institution, establishment - (an organization founded and united for a specific purpose) WN 'establishment': 2. (4) institution, establishment - (an organization founded and united for a specific purpose)
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongEstablished^c
Sub-classes	OrganizedReligion^c School^c FoundationInstitution^c ThinkTank^c MedicalCareInstitution^c

Institutional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Institutional

Description

''Institutional'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to some ''Institution'' or to ''Insitution''s in general.

  Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'institutional' in WordNet:
    1. (3) institutional - (relating to or constituting or involving an institution; 'institutional policy')
    2. institutional - (organized as or forming an institution; 'institutional religion')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Institutionalized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Institutionalized

Description

''Institutionalized'' is an Attribute of a Person who has been committed to an 'institution', which could be a Mental Institution or a Penal Institution.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'institutionalized' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) institutionalized, institutionalised - (officially placed in 
             or committed to a specialized institution; "had hopes of rehabilitating 
             the institutionalized juvenile delinquents")

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Instructing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instructing`
Description	Each ''Instructing'' is an ''AssertingEvent'' that is intended to impart information about something - either factual or 'how to' type skills. This need not be formal and the person imparting the knowledge need not be a habitual 'teacher' , merely someone who knows something and wishes to tell it to another. `For more formal teaching, use ''Teaching''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'instruct' in Wordnet: 1. (9) teach, learn, instruct - (impart skills or knowledge to; 'I taught them French'; 'He instructed me in building a boat')`
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c AssertingEvent^c Informing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Instructor^c
Sub-classes	ElementaryEducation^c Teaching^c Tutoring^c

InstructionLoopExecution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstructionLoopExecution`
Description	An ''InstructionLoopExecution'' is an Event that is part of a ''ComputerProgramExecution''. Not all programs have loops. Although the state of at least some of the elements in the program, and perhaps in the loop itself (such as the counting index) may change, the location of the starting instruction of the loop remains the same, so this Event qualifies as a ''Cycle'' (a subtype of ''Iteration''. `Most closely Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'loop' in WordNet: 1. iteration, loop - ((computer science) a single execution of a set of instructions that are to be repeated; 'the solution took hundreds of iterations')`
Super-classes	ComputerInstructionExecution^c Cycle^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some ComputerProgramExecution^c

Instructional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instructional

Description

''Instructional'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Teaching'', in particular to things used for ''Teaching''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'instructional' in WordNet:
           1. (1) instructional - (of or relating to or used in instruction; 
             'instructional aids')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Instructions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instructions`
Description	Each ''Instructions'' is an Abstract ''PropositionalConceptualWork'' that specifies a ''Procedure'' that is step-by-step ''Method'' to do something, such as how to assemble a kit or how to operate a Device.. This is abstract. A representation of this Procedure would be the type ''InstructionsDocument''. CYC: A specialization of #$PropositionalConceptualWork. Each instance of #$Instructions is an abstract work that outlines a sequence of tasks to be performed by an agent. Positive examples of instantiations are instructions on a food package, verbal instructions, a musical score. Illustrative specializations include #$DirectionsToGetSomewhere and #$InvestmentGuide. 'when all else fails, read the directions' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'instruction' in WordNet: 1. (11) direction, instruction - (a message describing how something is to be done; 'he gave directions faster than she could follow them')
Super-classes	Procedure^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c Message^c
Sub-classes	DirectionsDocument^c

InstructionsDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstructionsDocument`
Description	Each ''Instructions'' is an AbstractDocument that sets out a ''Procedure'' that is step-by-step ''Method'' to do something, such as how to assemble a kit or how to operate a Device.. This is abstract, and is not a physical 'manual' as suggested by the WN synset. `This is an abstract representation in language of the more abstract ''Instractions''. 'when all else fails, read the directions' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instructions' in WordNet: 1. (1) instruction manual, instructions, book of instructions, operating instructions - (a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it)`
Super-classes	Procedure^c AbstractDocument^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Instructions^c

Instructor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instructor`
Description	An ''Instructor'' is any of a broad class of Persons, at least part of whose main occupation (paid or unpaid) is to provide instruction to other people (this excludes animal trainers), or to perform research on the methods of educating people. The type of intruction is not restricted - it can be physical education, fitness training, education in arts, as well as traditional academic instruction. `in WordNet: 1. (5) teacher, instructor - (a person whose occupation is teaching)`
Super-classes	ProfessionalPerson^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Instructing^c
Sub-classes	Tutor^c Educator^c

Instrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instrument`
Description	An 'Instrument' is a Device that requires some training, perhaps very perfunctory, in order to use properly. This corresponds to sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (31) instrument - (a device that requires skill for proper use)
Super-classes	Device^c Implement^c
Sub-classes	Centrifuge^c MeasuringDevice^c Still^c ScientificInstrument^c MusicalInstrument^c MedicalInstrument^c

InstrumentCapability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstrumentCapability`
Description	The Capability to act as an Instrument in some Action. @ToDo: The restriction specifies the kind of Action that an instrument is used in, but the specific Role of the Instrument in that action is not yet (rev863) represented.
Super-classes	Capability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToServeInActionType^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	ResolvingPower^c

InstrumentPanel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstrumentPanel`
Description	An ''InstrumentPanel'' is a ''DisplayPanel'' ( a 'FlatSurfacePortion'' of some Object) that contains one or (usually) more ''DisplayDevice''s that display information to some Person who needs the information to perform a task, or has the responsibility to convey that information to others who can use it. IT may or may not have control devices to affect the processes whose properties are displayed. This is very broad in meaning; it can be large, as in the control room of a nuclear power plant or rocket launch center, or small, as in a motor vehicle. This can be oriented vertically or horizontally or at some intermediate angle, as long as it is visible to the Person who uses it. `Displays 'instrument readings' or 'sensor readings'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instrument panel' in WordNet: 1. (1) control panel, instrument panel, control board, board, panel - (electrical device consisting of a flat insulated surface that contains switches and dials and meters for controlling other electrical devices; 'he checked the instrument panel'; 'suddenly the board lit up like a Christmas tree')`
Super-classes	DisplayPanel^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value DisplayingInformation^c hasProperPart^op some DisplayDevice^c
Sub-classes	Dashboard^c

InstrumentRole^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstrumentRole

Description

An InstrumentRole is a PhysicalObject that is used by an Agent to cause some event to occur.

   NOTE: the 'instrument' that is a Device is termed simply
    'Instrument'

   An InstrumentRole is a GenericAgent because when an instrument causes something to
    happen, that Event may linguistically be phrased so that
    the Instrument appears to be the agent.  e.g. 'the knife
    cut deeply into Mike's arm.'  Even though the knife may
    be wielded by some agent, it serves the role of an agent
    in that particular sentence.

   NOTE that only PhysicalObjects are considered as
    'InstrumentRoles' in this sense.  A method to accomplish
    a task may be 'used' by an agent, but it is not an
    Instrument.

Super-classes GenericAgent^c
PhysicalObject^c
RoleInAnEvent^c

Instrumental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Instrumental

Description

''Instrumental'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to some kind of ''Instrument''. This is used often to refer to 'instrumental music'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'instrumental' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) instrumental - (relating to or designed for or performed 
          on musical instruments; 'instrumental compositions'; 'an instrumental ensemble')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

InstrumentalMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InstrumentalMusic`
Description	Each ''InstrumentalMusic'' is an instace of ''Music'' that is produced by a ''MusicalInstrument'' rather than by 'voice'- i.e. this is making music by any Device other than the voice of some animal (or perhaps the sighing of the wind??). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'instrumental music' in WordNet: 2. instrumental music - (music produced by playing a musical instrument)`
Super-classes	Music^c
Restrictions	isProducedByObject^op some (MusicalInstrumentType^c or MusicalInstrument^c)

Insufficiency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insufficiency`
Description	An ''Insufficiency'' is an ''AvailableAmount'' of something useful that is available for use for some Agent but is not enough for the purpose for which that Agent wants to use the material. `NOTE: this type represents an 'insufficiency' that could be short of the needed amount by only one or a few items or units. For a significant difference between the needed and available amount, use subtype 'Paucity''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'insufficiency' in WordNet: 3. insufficiency, inadequacy, deficiency - (lack of an adequate quantity or number; 'the inadequacy of unemployment benefits')`
Super-classes	AvailableAmount^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Insufficient^c
Sub-classes	Paucity^c

Insufficient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insufficient

Description

Too little of materials or effort or money, etc. to accomplish a goal.

    NOTE: this is close in meaning to the parent Attribute ''Deficient'' - the WN
        differentiation remains here  but may need additional analysis.  This
        type is best used for insufficiency for a specific need or goal.
    See ''Deficit'' for a quantitative measure and ''Shortage' for the
    ''PersistentState''.

    A more intensive degree of ''Insufficient'', when the supply is *much* less
      than the needed amount of something is represented by ''Scarce''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insufficient' and sense 2 of 'inadequate' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) insufficient, deficient - (of a quantity not able to fulfill a need 
         or requirement; 'insufficient funds')
    WN adj 'inadequate':
       2. inadequate, poor, short - (not sufficient to meet a need; 'an inadequate income'; 
        'a poor salary'; 'money is short'; 'on short rations'; 'food is in short supply';
        'short on experience')

Super-classes SufficiencyValue^c
Deficient^c

InsulatedWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsulatedWire`
Description	Insulated wire considered as a substance. A piece of insulated wire would be a PhysicalObject.
Super-classes	WireStuff^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value ElectricalInsulator^c hasComponentSubstance^op value ElectricalConductor^c

Insulating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insulating`
Description	''Insulating'' is the act of adding a barrier of some kind to prevent movement of something (heat,noise, electrical current) from one area to another. This is accomplished by adding a barrier of some kind (which could be a vacuum in a vacuum bottle) that prevents the movement of the thing whose movement from the one area to the other is not wanted. This is mostly used for inslating from heat fow, or from noise transmission betwen rooms, or from flow of electric current. Other subtypes may be found. The ''Barrier'' restriction does not require specifying the barrier used, but is there to suggest more specificity for instances. This is usually done to protect something from an unwanted influence, so it is a subtype of ''Protecting'' - perhaps superfluous. The insulating barrier 'ProtectingPassively' from: ElectricCurrent,- electrical insulation (nonconducting material) ''ElectricalInsulator'' - substance 'heat flow' (not represented), - heat insulation, including vacuum 'noise transmission' (not represented) - sound insulation @mod43 Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'insulate' in WordNet: 1. (2) insulate - (protect from heat, cold, or noise by surrounding with insulating material; 'We had his bedroom insulated before winter came') WN noun 'insulation': 3. insulation - (the act of protecting something by surrounding it with material that reduces or prevents the transmission of sound or heat or electricity)
Super-classes	Protecting^c SeparationEvent^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op value Barrier^c

InsulatingCover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsulatingCover`
Description	COSMO note: this represents both electrical and heat insulation. `Cyc: The set of objects which function as insulators and thus protect against undesirable energy transfers. Includes artificial as well as ''natural'' material such as hair, fat, down.`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c
Sub-classes	SleepingBag^c BedCover^c WarmClothingItem^c

InsulatingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsulatingObject`
Description	A InsulatingObject is an object, such as the insulating coating on an electrical wire, whose primary constituent component substance is electrically insulating. This Type will serve to specify the actual insulating part of devices that either conduct electricity or are used near obejects that conduct electricity.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value ElectricalInsulator^c

InsulatingSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsulatingSubstance`
Description	An ''InsulatingSubstance'' is a substance that cannot conduct electricity sufficiently to carry a current that can drive a motor. This is intended to exclude semiconductors. `Corresponds to part (for electricity) of noun sense 1 of 'insulator' in WordNet: 1. (1) insulator, dielectric, nonconductor - (a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	GlassWool^c

InsulinTheSecretion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsulinTheSecretion

Description

CYC 'InsulinTheSecretion': A protein pancreatic hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, and is used in the treatment and control of diabetes.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insulin' in WordNet:
          1. (3) insulin - (hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; 
             regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation 
             of sugar in cells)

Super-classes DrugSubstance^c
Hormone^c

Insulting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insulting

Description

''Insulting'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who criticizes another Person (or of the Action of such criticizing) in a manner that expresses a disapproval of the Person being criticized, and has a more emotional content than an objective negative evaluation.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insulting' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) abusive, insulting, opprobrious, scurrilous - (expressing offensive reproach)

Super-classes Critical^c
Offensive^c
BehaviorAttribute^c

InsultingaPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsultingaPerson

Description

''InsultingaPerson'' is a form of 'Offending'' in which the Person offended feels demeaned - made to feel less valued - by the person doing the insulting.

      ('diss' in the WN synset is a colloquial shortened form of 'disrespect'.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'insult' in WordNet:
        1. (3) diss, insult, affront - (treat, mention, or speak to rudely; 
          'He insulted her with his rude remarks';
          'the student who had betrayed his classmate was dissed by everyone')

Super-classes Offending^c

InsuranceAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuranceAgreement`
Description	COSMO note: to 'have insurance' is to be a participant in some InsuranceAgreement. The actual wording of an InsuranceAgreement is found in a corresponding 'InsuranceContent'. NOTE: an InsuranceAgreement is considered as a MoneyObject in COSMO, and is therefore a source of Money, with a monetary value. Insurance accounts typically depend on a contingency such as death, and their value while the subject is alive is zero, but if the subject dies, their value goes up to the value of the policy. For insurance accounts that have a redemption value, such as whole-life accounts, their value is the redemption value while the subject is alive, and goes to the policy amount if the insured dies. NOTE2: an inurance policy that is paid up in advance for some interval of time, if it can be transferred to another party may have a tradable value, but this would make it a commodity, and its value as a commodity, could be related to the policy by the 'hasMonetaryValue' relation, but it would not be the same as its policy value dependent on the contingency, Called 'InsurancePlan' in Cyc: Cyc: A collection of microtheories; a subset of #$LegalAgreement. Each element of #$InsurancePlan is an agreement between two or more agents. For each such plan, there is at least one #$insuredAgent who is covered by the insurance plan, and one #$insuringAgent who is the insurance provider (e.g., HMO, insurance company, or U.S. Federal government agency). An insurance plan may be funded by (see #$insuranceFundedBy) the insured or by a third party, such as the insured's employer. Some subsets of #$InsurancePlan representing insurance for different #$insuredEventTypes are: #$LifeInsurance, #$MedicalInsurance, #$DisabilityInsurance, #$HomeOwnersInsurance, #$AutomobileInsurance, #$LiabilityInsurance. @mod55 need to point to provider and insured party Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'insurance' in WordNet: 2. (2) policy, insurance policy, insurance - (written contract or certificate of insurance; 'you should have read the small print on your policy')
Super-classes	Account^c Agreement^c
Restrictions	hadAgreeingParty^op some InsuranceProvider^c hadAgreeingParty^op some InsuredPartyType^c
Sub-classes	HealthInsurance^c

InsuranceCompany^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuranceCompany

Description

Cyc: The collection of all #$InsuranceProviders that are CommercialServiceOrganizations and that offers financial protection (in the form of insurance policies) to its #$customers against loss occasioned by sickness, natural disaster, theft, accident and similar liabilities. Instances of #$InsuranceCompany may specialize in one or more types of loss.

        SUMO: A CommercialAgent that insures Agents 
         for the payment of a premium or premiums.

      Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'insurer' in WordNet:
           1. insurance company, insurance firm, insurer, insurance underwriter, underwriter -
               (a financial institution that sells insurance)

Super-classes CommercialServiceOrganization^c
InsuranceProvider^c

InsuranceContent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuranceContent`
Description	Each 'InsuranceContent' is a Promise (a LinguisticAssertion, a phrase in some human language - not the Proposition represented by the phrase) that describes the Event insured against, the reimbursement amount and type, and other conditions. This will refer to an EventType which is the type of Event insured against. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'insurance' in WordNet: 1. (7) insurance - (promise of reimbursement in the case of loss; paid to people or companies so concerned about hazards that they have made prepayments to an insurance company)`
Super-classes	Promise^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some InsuranceAgreement^c refersToExternalEntity^op some InsuranceCoverage^c refersToExternalEntity^op some InsuredEventType^c

InsuranceCoverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuranceCoverage`
Description	''InsuranceCoverage'' is a 'Scope' that includes the objects insured and/or Events that are insured against, and the conditions of the insurance. This is a heterogeneous Group. ?Need 'insured object'? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coverage' in WordNet: 1. (1) coverage, insurance coverage - (the total amount and type of insurance carried)`
Super-classes	Group^c Scope^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some InsuredEventType^c hasComponentElement^op some InsuranceContent^c

InsuranceDeductible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuranceDeductible

Description

A 'DeductibleExpenditure' is a ''QuantityOfMoney'' representing an ''Expenditure'' that is deducted by an Insurance Company from a 'loss' when calculating the part of the loss that might be compensated to the policy holder. If the amount of the damage is less than the ''InsuranceDeductible'', typically the Insurance Company is not liable for any reimbursement.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'deductible' in WordNet:
          2. deductible - (a clause in an insurance policy that relieves the insurer
             of responsibility to pay the initial loss up to a stated amount)

Super-classes DeductibleExpenditure^c

InsuranceOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuranceOrganization`
Description	Each instance of #$InsuranceOrganization is an #$Organization that is primarily or significantly engaged in the insurance industry or whose activities focus on that industry. Both #$AetnaLifeAndCasualty-Corporation and The Texas State Board of Insurance would be instances of #$InsuranceOrganization. `NOTE: the CYC ontology has this type ''InsuranceOrganization'' and its subtypes ''InsuranceProvider'' and ''InsuranceCompany'' but the distinctions between these are unclear. It appears that this type does not neecssarily provide insurance, as regulatory bodies that regulate insurance providers are included. No obvious WN sense for this type.`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	InsuranceProvider^c

InsurancePremium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsurancePremium

Description

''InsurancePremium'' is a subtype of ''Fee'', reqired to be aid in order to maintain an ''InsuranceAgreement'' with an insurance company.

       This can be a monthly or yearly or quarterly or semiannually
         premium, which can be represented by subtypes. 
         The term needs to be specified for instances.

         the only WN sense of 'premium' related to this  is a type of 'payment'
           which is too far from this   type.

       The 'to be paid' in RHW def 3 is  interpreted as a ''Fee'' (an
             attribute of the serice).
       RHW 'premium': 3. Insurance. the amount paid or to be paid 
          by the policyholder for coverage under the contract,
          usually in periodic installments.

Super-classes Fee^c

InsurancePremiumPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsurancePremiumPayment`
Description	A ''InsurancePremium'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid to an Insurance Company to maintain an Insurance Contract. The required Premium is a form of ''Fee'' (also called a 'premium') for the service of holding the Insurance contract. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'premium' in WordNet: 1. (1) premium, insurance premium - (payment for insurance)`
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some DepositingMoney^c

InsuranceProvider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuranceProvider`
Description	NOTE: this sense of ''InsuranceProvider'' is not exactly thesame as the CYC or WN glosses appear to describe. NOTE: this is an Organization that provides insurance, but that is not necessarily its primary or exclusive function (in spite of the CYC gloss suggesting otherwise). For companies whose primary or exclusive function is to sell insurance, use the subtype ''InsuranceCompany''. This type could be,for example a professional organization that incidentally provides insurance to its members, or a credit card company that provides insurance related to purchases made with the card. CYC: A collection of organizations; a subcollection of #$ServiceOrganization. An instance of #$InsuranceProvider is an organization whose #$MainFunction is to provide financial and material protection to its clients in the event of sickness, death, natural disaster, loss, theft, lawsuits, etc. (Insurers may specialize in one or more of those areas.) Instances of #$InsuranceProvider may belong to either #$CommercialServiceOrganization or #$NonProfitOrganization (including insurance providers belonging to #$LegalGovernmentOrganization). Example instances include State Farm Insurance Co., Aetna Casualty Co., Lutheran Brotherhood, and all fifty members of U.S. #$StateMedicaidAdministrationOrganizations. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'insurer' in WordNet: 1. insurance company, insurance firm, insurer, insurance underwriter, underwriter - (a financial institution that sells insurance)
Super-classes	InsuranceOrganization^c ServiceOrganization^c
Sub-classes	InsuranceCompany^c

Insured^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insured

Description

''Insured'' is a AttributeValue of Things, the damage to or loss of which, will be compensated to some extent by an ''InsuranceProvider'' according to the terms of an ''InsuranceAgreement''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insured' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) insured - (covered by insurance; 'an insured risk'; 
             'all members of the film cast and crew are insured')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InsuredEventType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuredEventType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Event as one of their arguments. This is used specifically for the restriction on 'InsuranceAgreement'. Each instance of InsuredEventType is a type of Event that commonly is insured against in some InsuranceAgreement. Many kinds of Events can in principle be insured against, but this metatype is for those types of Events that commonly are insured against, or actually have been insured against, in some application that uses this ontology.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	DeathOfaPerson BuildingFire DamagingFlood VehicleCollision OceanFlooding

InsuredParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuredParty`
Description	A ''InsuredParty'' is the LegalAgent insured by an ''InsuranceAgreement'' (Person or Organization). `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'insured' in WordNet: 1. insured, insured person - (a person whose interests are protected by an insurance policy; a person who contracts for an insurance policy that indemnifies him against loss of property or life or health etc.)`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Insured^c
Sub-classes	InsuredPerson^c

InsuredPartyType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuredPartyType`
Description	''InsuredPartyType'' is a metaclass that is a subclass of both 'AgentType' and 'RoleType'. It is used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take insured parties (whether human or Organization) as their argument.
Super-classes	AgentRoleType^c
Members	InsuredPerson InsuredParty

InsuredPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuredPerson

Description

A ''InsuredPerson'' is a ''Person' who is insured by (Person or Organization).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insured' in WordNet:
             1. insured, insured person - (a person whose interests 
             are protected by an insurance policy; a person who contracts 
             for an insurance policy that indemnifies him against loss of
             property or life or health etc.)

Super-classes Person^c
InsuredParty^c

Insurgency^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insurgency

Description

CYC: A subset of #$ConflictEvent and #$PoliticalEvent. Each element of #$Insurgency is an organized event in which some agent or agents attempt to overthrow a government. Insurgencies often involve armed conflict.

       NOTE: this is not for non-violent political or factional
         'insurgencies' within an Organization.

       NOte: need distinction between this and parent ''Rebellion''.


       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insurgency' in WordNet:
         1. insurgency, insurgence - (an organized rebellion
            aimed at overthrowing a constituted government 
            through the use of subversion and armed conflict)

Super-classes PoliticalEvent^c
Rebellion^c
AttemptingActivity^c

InsuringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InsuringSomething`
Description	Each InsuringSomething an instance of MakingAnAgreement in which an InsuranceAgreement is produced. CYC 'Underwriting': The collection of #$Events in which an #$IntelligentAgent guarantees to secure another #$IntelligentAgent against risk or loss in consideration of some payment, usually in the form of a premium or interest. Corresponds to verb senses 3 and 4 of 'insure' in WordNet - the two senses are indistinguishable, though they have different hypernyms: in WordNet: 3. (2) cover, insure, underwrite - (protect by insurance; 'The insurance won't cover this') 4. (1) insure - (take out insurance for)
Super-classes	MoneyTransaction^c ServiceEvent^c MakingAnAgreement^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some InsurancePremiumPayment^c hasSubEvent^op some GuaranteeingSomething^c produced^op some InsuranceAgreement^c

Insusceptible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Insusceptible`
Description	''Insusceptible'' is an attribute of Things that can not undergo some type of ''ActionOnObject''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insusceptible' in Wordnet: 1. unsusceptible, insusceptible - (not susceptible to)`
Super-classes	Resistant^c
Sub-classes	Impenetrable^c

Intact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intact`
Description	''Intact'' is an attribute of something (usually an Object) that remains without loss of any functional part, after some period of time or after some event that might have reduced its integrity. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intact' in Wordnet: 1. (5) integral, entire, intact - (constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged; 'a local motion keepeth bodies integral'- Bacon; 'was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime'; 'fought to keep the union intact')`
Super-classes	Complete^c
Sub-classes	Unbroken^c

Intake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intake`
Description	An ''Intake'' is a ''Portal'' in some Device that allows a Fluid to enter, to be used or processed of further transported in some fashion. This is for intake only and is not for openings to containers solely for the purpose of storage, where the stored material it will later be removed from the container. e.g. an air intake in a combustion engine or the external ar intake in a ventilating system `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'intake' in WordNet: 2. intake - (an opening through which fluid is admitted to a tube or container)`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c FluidConduit^c Entrance^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Device^c allowsOrAssists^op value EnteringSomething^c

IntangibleExistingThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntangibleExistingThing`
Description	A specialization of both #$IntangibleIndividual and #$SomethingExisting. Instances of #$IntangibleExistingThing exist stably in time (unlike instances of #$Event), but lack any material parts (unlike instances of #$PartiallyTangible). Notable specializations of #$IntangibleExistingThing include #$DevisedPracticeOrWork and #$Agreement.
Super-classes	IntangibleIndividual^c
Sub-classes	Responsibility^c GeographicalThing-Intangible^c Trajectory^c

IntangibleIndividual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntangibleIndividual`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of wholly intangible individuals, a specialization of both #$Intangible and #$Individual. Instances of #$IntangibleIndividual are immaterial, and thus do not have mass, color, or other tangible qualities. Examples include mathematical objects (such as numbers, functions, and relations), attributes, time intervals, space regions, and events. Excluded are sets and collections because, although intangible, they are not individuals. `COSMO note: this may be a @#superfluous class, and is included mostly to try to relate to the CYC hierarchy, which includes 'partially tangible' things. However, this differs from CYC usage in that, in COSMO, light is not 'intangible' (i.e. abstract), but considered as material (has mass).`
Super-classes	AbstractEntity^c
Sub-classes	MentalObject^c AbstractObject^c IntangibleExistingThing^c Region^c GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible^c

Integer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Integer`
Description	A negative or nonnegative whole number. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'integer' in Wordnet: 1. (5) integer, whole number - (any of the natural numbers (positive or negative) or zero)`
Super-classes	RationalNumber^c
Sub-classes	DoubleDigitInteger^c EvenInteger^c PrimeNumber^c OddInteger^c NegativeInteger^c NonnegativeInt^c IndividualScore^c

IntegerString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntegerString`
Description	IntegerString is an AbstractString which is a representation of an integer, and which has only the numerical characters 0 through 9 in it.
Super-classes	NumberString^c
Sub-classes	CodeNumber^c

Integrated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Integrated

Description

''Integrated'' is specifically for the social state of being open to and/or containing persons with diverse racial backgrounds,particularly African-Americans as well as white Europeans and Hispanics. Although this applies to situations or groups that have never been legally ''Segregated'' racially, the forms of segregation in the USA have been so diverse and subtle (particularly due to de facto segregation of residential areas) that something truly 'integrated' is likely to have arrived at that state by some conscious effort at ''Desegregating''.

        Although 'desegregated' should apply only to those situations that were 
         once segregated, the consideration above suggest that 'desegregated' has become
         a synonym with 'integrated'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'integrated' in WordNet:
           3. integrated - (not segregated; designated as available to all races or groups;
               'integrated schools')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

IntegratedCircuit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntegratedCircuit

Description

A specialization of #$SemiconductorDevice. Each instance of #$IntegratedCircuit is a device that contains more than one component and is fabricated on a silicon wafer.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'integrated circuit' in WordNet:
          1. integrated circuit, microcircuit - 
             (a microelectronic computer circuit incorporated into a chip 
               or semiconductor; a whole system rather than a single component)

Super-classes SemiconductorDevice^c
ManufacturedGoods^c

Integrative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Integrative

Description

''Integrative'' is a subAttribute of ''Compositional'' for things made from multiple components or the Actions taken to mke such things.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'integrative' in Wordnet:
          1. integrative - (combining and coordinating diverse elements into a whole)

Super-classes Compositional^c

Integrity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Integrity

Description

''Integrity'' is a ''BehavioralDisposition'' that inclines a person to be not only ''Honest'' - to tell the truth, but to avoid doing anything else that is generally considered as morally or ethically improper. Essentially, ''Integrity'' is a more consistent and higher degree of 'honesty', with the added attribute of adhering to ethical principles that are not generally included in 'honesty', such as fair dealing in business, where one doesn't merely not lie, but discloses facts that are relevant to a deal even when the disclosure is not required by law - not to take unfair advantag others in business dealings. A Person with ''Integrity '' will admit the truth of an assertion even if s/he doesn't like the fact and even if it reflects badly on him/her.

        This is a ''MentalState'' that has some of the characteristics of an attribute.
        This is one form of ''PersonalEthics''.

        RHW 'integrity' definition makes 'integrity' and 'honesty' as very close:
           : adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'integrity' in WordNet:
           2. (1) integrity - (moral soundness; 'he expects to find in us the common honesty and 
             integrity of men of business'; 'they admired his scrupulous professional integrity')

Super-classes Honesty^c

Intellect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intellect`
Description	'Intellect' is a MentalObject that is the part of the Mind in which the processes of Thinking and Reasoning (as contrasted with Feelings) are 'located'. 'Intellect' is not a a PhysicalObject, but may be considered as an informal way to refer to the parts of the Brain that are responsible for thinking rationally as contrasted with emotions. CAVEAT: a 'MentalObject' is an Object created by a Mind. Here, an Intellect is part of a Mind and is a MentalObject, suggesting that Minds create themselves. Not clear if this is a logical problem. Each Intellect is part of some Mind, but the restriction value is the type 'Mind' and does not require that the 'Mind' be reified. Longman's vocabulary has 'mind' but not 'intellect', and the term 'mind' is probably used there (in one sense) in the same sense as 'Intellect' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intellect' and sense 7 of 'mind' in WordNet: 1. (5) mind, intellect - (knowledge and intellectual ability; 'he reads to improve his mind'; 'he has a keen intellect')
Super-classes	MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Mind^c

Intellectual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intellectual

Description

''Intellectual'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Intelligence'' generally or to the ''Intellect'' particular.

    The 'cerebral' pertaining to the ''Cerebrum'' is ''Cerebral''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intellectual' in Wordnet:
       1. (10) intellectual - (of or relating to the intellect; 'his intellectual career')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IntellectualPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntellectualPerson`
Description	A ''Intellectual'' is a ''SmartPerson'' Thise type is for senses 7 and 8 of 'intellectual' in RHW: 7. a person who places a high value on or pursues things of interest to the intellect or the more complex forms and fields of knowledge, as aesthetic or philosophical matters, esp. on an abstract and general level. 8. an extremely rational person; a person who relies on intellect rather than on emotions or feelings. Corresponds to art of noun sense 1 of 'intellectual' in WordNet: 1. (3) intellectual, intellect - (a person who uses the mind creatively)
Super-classes	SmartPerson^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IQ130^c hasCapability^op value DeepReasoning^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Learned^c
Sub-classes	Thinker^c Seer^c

Intellectually^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intellectually

Description

''Intellectually'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to assert that they are to be interpreted with respect to the ''Intellect''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intellectually' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) intellectually - (in an intellectual manner; 'intellectually gifted children'; 
               'intellectually influenced')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Intelligence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intelligence`
Description	The Capability to learn, understand, and think. This category includes the low levels of intelligence found in some of the more intelligent non-human animals such as apes and dolphins. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intelligence' in Wordnet: 1. (7) intelligence - (the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience)`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op some IntelligentActionType^c
Sub-classes	IntelligenceQuotient^c HighIntelligence^c SubHumanIntelligence^c

IntelligenceQuotient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntelligenceQuotient`
Description	''IntelligenceQuotient'' (usually referred to as 'IQ') is a ''PositiveInteger'' that measures the ability of a Person to perform certain types of mental tasks, especially reasoning and learning. It is typically measured by a written test, but can also be measured by other techniques. The number 100 is intended to represent the level of intelligence of the average person, but that can vary with the group being measured, and in a particuar population may change over time. Numbers below 60 are seriously mentally deficient,and above 160 are considered as near genius level. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intelligence quotient' in WordNet: 1. intelligence quotient, IQ, I.Q. - (a measure of a person's intelligence as indicated by an intelligence test; the ratio of a person's mental age to their chronological age (multiplied by 100))`
Super-classes	Intelligence^c
Restrictions	hasIntegerValue^dp some xsd:int^c hasSubjectOfState^op value Person^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IQ130 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IQ100 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IQ180

Intelligent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intelligent`
Description	'Intelligent' is the attribute of someone who has a significantly higher than average intelligence. Intelligence has multiple aspects, and this is the broadest sense. More specific aspects of intelligence are represented by 'Clever', 'Apt', 'Discriminating', 'Imaginative' and (for the results of intelligent action) 'Ingenious' NOTE that the AttributeValue 'Intelligence' (an AgentCapability) can be applied to animals and machines and has multiple levels, including very low ones, so it is not the same as this attribute, which applies only to people. The sense of 'Intelligent' in the phrase 'intelligent agent' is represented by the term 'Intelligence' in COSMO, not the term 'Intelligent'. The LDOCE word 'clever' seems to include this sense, as the words 'intelligent' and 'smart' do not appear in the LDOCE defining vocabulary. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intelligent' in WordNet: 1. (4) intelligent - (having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree; 'is there intelligent life in the universe?'; 'an intelligent question') WN adj 'smart': 3. (2) bright, smart - (characterized by quickness and ease in learning; 'some children are brighter in one subject than another'; 'smart children talk earlier than the average')
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c
Sub-classes	Brilliant^c Scholarly^c ArticulateOrEloquent^c Lucid^c Incisive^c Apt^c Clever^c

IntelligentActionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntelligentActionType`
Description	ActionType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Action as their argument.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Sub-classes	ServiceEventType^c
Members	ExtracurricularActivity DoingAHomeworkAssignment Theorizing Overthinking TakingAnAverage Concentrating SpiritualMeditation AssimilatingInformation Thinking DoingSubtraction Considering SightSeeing TouringARegion AcademicActivity Generalizing Excelling Deliberating TouringACity InformationGathering Judging SubtractingAnExpense Guessing Postulating Introspection Counting ConvertingUnits AssessingTheValueOfSomething ThinkingAboutSomething Reasoning DoingDivision DeductingAnExpense TouringaFacility SchoolActivity Meditating BeingaStudent Preoccupation Timing MilitaryService LearningAboutaTopic Evaluating PurposefulMentalActivity Underestimating DoingMultiplication TakingIntoConsideration PracticeExercise ServingaCauseOrCountry Estimating Doubting Obsession WonderingWhether PlanningAnOperation ServiceEvent DoingMath Overestimating ComposingText ObservingAstronomicalObjects ArbitratingaCase Scheduling UsingSomethingAsaBasis Ideation http://micra.com/COSMO/ContemplativeViewing http://micra.com/COSMO/Reconsidering Mediating Retrospect Prioritizing WillingSomething Weaving Grading ZaZen Learning RankingSomething DeepReasoning Contemplation BirdWatching ThinkingIntuitively GradingScoolWork DoingAnArithmeticOperation Believing Archiving

IntelligentAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntelligentAgent`
Description	An IntelligentAgent is an agent (Person, Organization, GroupOfPeople, or possibly spirits or an intelligent machine) that can form plans, use knowledge in plans, and can (usually, except for some AI machines) communicate in language. Some activities, such as buying things, can only be performed by an IntelligentAgent. Among the natural animals, only people qualify for this status - in this respect, this category differs from the definition given by Cyc (below). Groups of people, or organizations whose acts are in fact carried out by people (or machines directed by people), can be considered as IntelligentAgents - by the convention that the acts carried out by people who are authorized to act in the name of an organization are acts of the organization. (see Organization). To some degree, existing or future computers may also have such a capacity, and would fit into this category, even if the range of linguistic inputs that would generate an appropriate response may be much more limited than for an adult human;'intelligence' is therefore a quantitative attribute, which has a range of values. NOTE that this category needs to be carefully axiomatized so that the system will recognize blocking conditions that may prevent the understanding of language in specific circumstances: for example, an individual person will only understand one or a small number of languages; a person will understand language only when conscious and awake, and able to perceive the input. A human baby will not understand language at birth, and will develop that capacity gradually; nevertheless a human baby is an instance of this Type. Implementing the use of such blocking conditions will be complex, but including any agent type that can normally understand some human or near-human language appears to be preferable to creating a subtype of human that can qualify absolutely as understanding language, without conditions. NOTE that a Person is an IntelligentAgent, and therefore a DeadPerson is also an IntelligentAgent. In most circumstances, one would not consider a DeadPerson as being able to understand language, unless one is within a belief system where spirits survive bodily death. Death is one of the potential blocking conditions for language understanding that will need to be interpreted in context. NOTE that as of 2017, there were no machines that acted primarily for their own benefit, and any action taken by a machine is to be attributed to the agency of the person, organization, or GroupOfpeople who directed that machine to act. This is similar to the Cyc #$IntelligentAgent, but COSMO 'IntelligentAgent' excludes non-human animals: Cyc: A specialization of #$Agent-Generic (q.v.) whose instances are all agents capable of knowing and acting, and of employing their knowledge in their actions. An intelligent agent #$knowsAbout certain things, and having #$beliefs (and possibly #$goals) concerning those things may influence its actions. As with agents generally, an intelligent agent might be a single individual or might consist of a group of individual agents (see #$MultiIndividualAgent). Thus persons are intelligent agents, and so are certain social beings like business and government organizations. Some non-human instances of #$Vertebrate that seem to be sentient and somewhat intelligent, such as (arguably) dogs and horses, can also be considered intelligent agents.
Super-classes	IntentionalAgent^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value LinguisticCommunication^c performsAction^op value Speaking^c
Sub-classes	Ogre^c Buyer^c Polluter^c Maker^c Chimaera^c AgentInRole^c Troll^c Mermaid^c Listener^c CausalAgent^c GeopoliticalEntity^c Authority^c TrustingAgent^c Fairy^c Organization^c MilitaryAgent^c Contractor^c ComputerCracker^c Exporter^c Inspector^c SocialBeing^c AuthorOfRecord^c Employer^c Contributor^c LegalAgent^c Victim^c Issuer^c Debtor^c DeusExMachina^c AgentiveIntelligentObject^c Member^c Recipient^c Vampire^c UnknownAgent^c IntelligentArtifact^c Creditor^c SupernaturalBeing^c Praisee^c Martian^c Unicorn^c SecretAgent^c Merman^c Payer^c Acquirer^c AffiliatedAgent^c Builder^c agentive-social-object^c Reincarnation^c Funder^c HumanAgent^c FunctionalBusinessEntity^c Breeder^c Vendor^c
In domain of	hasAnInterestIn^op hasResponsibility^op isaFriendOf^op hasObligation^op wants^op isIntimateWith^op speaksLanguage^op invented^op wasaPartyToAgreement^op
In range of	wasCreatedAtTheRequestOf^op isAnObligationOf^op isaResponsibilityOf^op isIntimateWith^op hadEmployee^op hadEmployer^op hadAgreeingParty^op wasAssignedByAuthority^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrancisScottKey http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBigRedOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClaudeJosephRougetdeLisle http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternationalCommitteeForWeightsAndMeasures http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BritishCrown http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortAuthorityOfNewYork CatholicChurch http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownAgent3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownAgent1

IntelligentAgentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntelligentAgentType`
Description	''IntelligentAgentType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''IntelligentAgent'' as their argument. Each IntelligentAgent is capable of acting as an agent, and this type is therefore a subtype of 'AgentType'.
Super-classes	LocationType^c AgentType^c
Sub-classes	HumanRoleType^c OrganizationType^c PersonType^c PoliticalPartyType^c
Members	Person Organization Robot GroupOfPeople Automaton AutonomousArtifact

IntelligentArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntelligentArtifact`
Description	An IntelligentArtifact is an artifact (physical object or software artifact) that can perform some agentive functions without direct supervision of a person. IntelligentArtifacts may be autonomous (not under control of any other agents) or Automatons. A fully independent robot, if one existed, would be autonomous, and able to perform functions for its own purposes without consulting a master. An Automaton would have its actions controlled, directly or indirectly, by some other agent, and would perform actions on behalf of that other agent.
Super-classes	AgentiveArtifact^c IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	AutonomousArtifact^c Automaton^c

Intemperance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intemperance`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intemperance' in WordNet: 1. intemperance - (the quality of being intemperate)`
Super-classes	Unrestraint^c
Sub-classes	Gluttony^c

IntendedMeaning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntendedMeaning`
Description	The ''IntendedMeaning'' of some ''Communication''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'intent' in WordNet: 2. (2) intent, purport, spirit - (the intended meaning of a communication) WN 'meaning': 2. (32) meaning, substance - (the idea that is intended; 'What is the meaning of this proverb?')
Super-classes	Meaning^c
Restrictions	isTheMeaningRepresentationOf^op some Communication^c
Sub-classes	Connotation^c Denotation^c

IntendedResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntendedResult`
Description	An ''IntendedResult'' is a ''GoalSituation'' that is intended to be the result of some ''PurposefulAction''. This may be a single Event, or a group of Events, all of which contribute to the motivation ('purpose') for the ''PurposefulAction'' that produces the ''IntendedResult'. NOTE: This is for the primary intended result. An Action may have other results such as an ''AccopanyingResult'' which is not the primary intended result, and may be expected or unexpected, or unwanted or merely tolerated. An unwanted ''AccopanyingResult'' is represented as a ''SideEffect''.
Super-classes	GoalSituation^c Result^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op value PurposefulAction^c

Intending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intending`
Description	A stative MentalEvent in which some Agent intends to do some Action. The subtype 'IntendToCommunicate' is used to express the intention of the speaker to convey some propositional content to the audience. The two restrictions are somewhat redundant: ''Intending'' produces an Intention ''Intending'' refersToExternalEntity a Plan, Proposition, or Action type the Intention produced will usually reference the Plan, Proposition, or Action type. @ToDo: not clear if this is unnecessary, or whether the linguistic reference to 'Intention' is independently useful. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intend' and verb sense 1 of 'mean' in WordNet: 1. (33) intend, mean, think - (have in mind as a purpose; 'I mean no harm'; 'I only meant to help you'; 'She didn't think to harm me'; 'We thought to return early that night')
Super-classes	WillingSomething^c StrictlyMentalEvent^c MentalState^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some (PlannedAction^c or Proposition^c or ActionType^c) produces^op some Intention^c
Sub-classes	PersonalEthics^c IntendingToSay^c

IntendingToSay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntendingToSay`
Description	'IntendingToSay' is an Intending in which some Agent intends to convey some information to another agent. This is the sense of 'mean' when a person is asked 'what did you mean' in response to a statement. 'YunowotImeen?' `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'intend'and sense 1 of 'mean' in WordNet: 3. (4) mean, intend - (mean or intend to express or convey; 'You never understand what I mean!'; 'what do his words intend?')`
Super-classes	Intending^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some Proposition^c

Intense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intense`
Description	'Intense' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity (quantitative or qualitative), indicating that they are on the upper level (greater than 0.6 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake; feelings, effortful Actions and political views, and other things. For a more intense attribute, use 'Extreme' Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'intense' in WordNet: 1. (23) intense - - (in an extreme degree; 'intense heat'; 'intense anxiety'; 'intense desire'; 'intense emotion'; 'the skunk's intense acrid odor'; 'intense pain'; 'enemy fire was intense') 2. acute, intense - - (extremely sharp or intense; 'acute pain'; 'felt acute annoyance'; 'intense itching and burning') WN adj 'terrific': 1. (3) terrific - (very great or intense; 'a terrific noise'; 'a terrific thunderstorm storm'; 'fought a terrific battle')
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Intensive^c Acute^c All-Out^c Severe^c Raging^c VeryStrong^c

Intensely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intensely

Description

''Intensely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an attribute (usually in the for of an adjective) to create an attribute that is qualitatively similar, but quantitatively greater (or 'deeper' for feelings).

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intensely' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) intensely - (in an intense manner; 'he worked intensely')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Intensifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intensifying`
Description	''Intensifying'' is an Action of IntelligentAgent(s) in which some agent or Group causes an 'intensity' of some kind to increase. This can be to raise the intensity level of some 'IntensiveAttributeValue'', or to increase some property that is considered as an 'intensity', such as the rate of rain falling, or the level of Sound or light. 'The light from the nova intensified over several hours' (got brighter) 'The din intensified as more people joined.' (got louder) When emotions 'intensify' they can be said to 'deepen' This includes senses that represent transitive verbs, with an agent as subject and some value as object. NOTE: an ''Intensifying'' that is pleasant is represented by the subtype ''Enhancement''. Includes to verb sensed 2 of 'intensify' and sense 1 of 'enhance' and senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'heighten' in WordNet: 2. (2) intensify, compound, heighten, deepen - (make more intense, stronger, or more marked; 'The efforts were intensified', 'Her rudeness intensified his dislike for her'; 'Pot smokers claim it heightens their awareness'; 'This event only deepened my convictions') WN verb 'heighten': 2. (1) heighten - (make more extreme; raise in quantity, degree, or intensity; 'heightened interest')
Super-classes	Escalation^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Heightened^c
Sub-classes	AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal^c AmplifyingaSound^c EnhancingSomething^c

Intensity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intensity`
Description	Each instance of Intensity is a value (high, low, medium, VeryHigh, etc.) which specifies the value of an IntensiveAttribute. The values of an IntensiveAttribute will cover broad ranges and will not in general be mutually exclusive, as the ranges may overlap, and may depend on subjective judgments. The sense of 'stage of development' of some process is represented as 'StageOfDevelopment' As with a QualitativeAttributeValue, an Intensity does not contain a Quantifier. But its verbally expressed values do contain some aspects of quantity, but not expressed in numbers, rather the levels are relative to other attributes in a series of itensities. Linguistically this concept may be expressed as a 'degree', a 'level', or an 'intensity'. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'level' (the part reflecting quality is not included). There is no exact WordNet sense of 'Intensity' that conveys this concept: sense 2 of 'intensity' represents only a high degree of intensity, rather than the scale of intensity represented here: in WordNet: 1. (467) degree, grade, level - (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; 'a moderate grade of intelligence'; 'a high level of care is required'; 'it is all a matter of degree') WN 'intensity' (covers only part of this concept) 2. (12) intensity, intensiveness - (high level or degree; the property of being intense)
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Forcefulness^c
In range of	hasIntensity^op

Intensive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intensive

Description

'Intensive' is an AttributeValue of ''HumanActivity''s that require more than a modest amount of time, effort, or conentrated attention.

        NOTE: this is approximate meaning - needs more detail for
           all the components.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intensive' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) intensive - (characterized by a high degree or intensity; 
            often used as a combining form; 'the questioning was intensive';
            'intensive care'; 'research-intensive'; 'a labor-intensive industry')

Super-classes Intense^c

IntensiveAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntensiveAttribute`
Description	An IntensiveAttribute is an Attribute that consists of an AttributeType and an Intensity. The values of an IntensiveAttribute will cover broad ranges and will not in general be mutually exclusive, as the ranges may overlap, and may depend on subjective judgments.
Super-classes	Attribute^c
In domain of	hasIntensity^op

IntensiveAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntensiveAttributeValue`
Description	Each 'IntensiveAttributeValue' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and expresses an intensity of some AttributeType. This is very general. `@ToDo2012: no relation takes this as domain or range as of rev987; need relations that use this type, and need more thought about whether subtypes or instances are appropriate for the values of such relations. Certain IntensiveAttributeValues may take both verbal intensive values (high'. 'medium', 'low'. and numerical values 'the drug is only 25% effective at preventing cancer'.`
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OrderedAttributeValue^c Escalating^c AverageValued^c Interested^c Engrossed^c Guided^c Medium-High^c Developed^c Emphasized^c FullyFledged^c HighValued^c Ineffectual^c GuidedByAdvice^c Mild^c Strong^c Resistible^c Formidable-Powerful^c Emphatic^c Moderate^c Drastic^c Extreme^c Intense^c Ordered^c Weaker^c VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c Large^c Neutralized^c Significantly^c Debilitated^c Loud^c Faint^c Wan^c Glorified^c FirstDegree^c Stronger^c Superlative^c Soft-Sound^c Overwhelming^c Fascinated^c Ineffective^c Deafening^c Weak^c Embarrassed^c Abashed^c Full-Fledged^c Robust^c Feeble^c VeryLarge^c ColorfullyInteresting^c Tenuous^c Honored^c Decisive^c Invincible^c HardToResist^c ComparativeMagnitude^c Humiliated^c Irresistible^c EffectivenessValue^c Thunderous^c ChemicallyNeutral^c Light-Duty^c LowValued^c Impassioned^c Fascinating^c Heavy-Duty^c Clamorous^c

IntensiveAttributeValueType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntensiveAttributeValueType`
Description	IntensiveAttributeValueType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of IntensiveAttributeValue as their argument. `@ToDo: values should be disjoint with PertainingAttributeValues,but as yet (r915) no systematic search to add type to PertainingAttributeValues.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	CapabilityType^c
Members	Embarrassed Humongous EmotionallySensitive Delicious Abundant Maximum Bearable Horrible Full-Fledged Tasty HeartBreaking Creepy Astounding HighValued BadTasting Capacious Magnificent Exotic Extravagant MildTasting SufficiencyValue Wholesome Towering High OfficialPower Feeble Smoother Unusual VeryBad Venomous PrimeQuality Resistible Tenuous Radically Glorified Gorgeous Better TooMuch Spacious Honored Unhelpful Alienish Decisive Invincible Moderate Grotesque Incredible Beefy Salient Higher ElectiveOffice Amazing Pretty Bad RaisedUp Moderately MindBoggling Stalwart LargerThanLife Incomprehensible Driving Heinous Rare TherapeuticallyEffective Unfit Inauspicious Meager Powerful Extreme SecondLargest Prime CreepLike Excessive VerySharp Attracting Huge Poisonous Very Elite LowValued PhysicallyFit HavingAnInterest On-site InsidiouslyHarmful Harmful Quaint ControllingAuthority Awed Unattractive Raised Suboptimal Minimum ForwardMomentum Inadequate Voluptuous Regal Awe-inspiring Stately Dazzling Captivating Fair Splendid Fascinating Roomy Heavy-Duty Widely Extraordinary Awful Weaker Extreme-Quantitative VeryLarge Excellent HeartWrenching Badass Lower Mediocre Deeper MoreThanEnough Accountable Terrible Significantly Skimpy Debilitated Abominable Mildly Unpleasant Jolting LotsOf Faint Superior Disagreeable Transcendent Pernicious Wan Good OutOfBreath IntensiveAttributeValue Weakest Wretched Emphasized FullyFledged Outrageous Harmless Outstanding Stunning Superlative Ultimate Colossal GuidedByAdvice Exorbitant Mild Might-Social Fastest Scarce Transcendental Execrable Authorized Admirable Lowest FitForaPurpose Raging Hateful Strong VeryStrong Nonsensical Low Somewhat Steep-sided Plentiful Extremely GeographicallyHigh LousyRotten Brawny TheBest Off-site Deeply Overfull Infrequent Inefficient VeryGood Best Massive Drastic Much Sensitive BodilyResilient Intriguing Abashed Interesting Sad Meaningful Conceited Contemptible Vile GeographicallyLow Counterproductive Welcome Impressive Insufficient Largest Worse Potent Deepest Acute Imposing Clout Potentiality Efficacy Solid-Substantial Retro Robust Bulky Poor-Performing Majestic TheWorst Each ColorfullyInteresting Breathless Developed Injurious HardToResist OldTime Salubrious ThinSkinned Iconic HarshToTheSenses Superb SortOf Shiitic Agonizing Breathtaking Severe Bizarre SociallyPowerful Occasional Hardy Forceful Humiliated Flamboyant Ancestral Neutral Irresistible Beautiful Awesome GoodLooking Formidable-Powerful HighlyUnusual Tragic Upper Elevated Rather Spectacular High-Profile Large Neutralized Efficient Emphatic Potency High-powered ChemicallyNeutral Light-Duty Intensive Slowest HardToFind Impassioned SharpEdged StunninglyBeautiful GoodnessValue Ugly Impressed All-American Unwelcome Matchless Unimpressive Gigantic Lamentable Capability Stronger Harsh High-Quality All-Out Disgusting VerySteep Nifty Antisocial Oversensitive Overwhelming Phenomenal Fascinated Escalating Satisfactory PungentTasting VeryMuch Intense Strongly Engrossed So-so AverageValued Interested Enough Weak Guided Highest Sizable

Intention^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intention`
Description	An Intention is MentalObject within a 'IntentionalAgent' that refers to some future Action that the agent intends to participate in, in some capacity. A necessary part of an Intention is a Plan to do something. See 'Plan'. Because an Intention is difficult to describe in any other way, the most generic 'part' relation, 'hasPart' is used to relate an Intention to the Plan that it includes. NOTE the difference between a 'purpose' and an 'Intention' in COSMO: in COSMO, a 'purpose' is represented by the type 'Goal' (a MentalObject), which references a desired 'GoalSituation', but an 'Intention' references a 'Plan' (also a MentalObject), which is a method to achieve a desired 'GoalSituation'. These notions are closely related. An instance of 'Intention' can be created when an agent's intentions are not known; if the end goal of an agent's intentions are known, they can then be related to the Intentions through the Plan and its GoalSituation. An Intention, as a MentalObject, must be in the mind of some IntentionalAgent; an intention is related to that agent by a relation of the form: {Intention isInTheMindOf IntentionalAgent}. NOTE: much of this meaning is similar to that of ''GoalSituation'' - @ToDO: review and possibly reduce duplication. The representation of this notion is complex in OWL, since it involves specifying two related things: there is a future Action; and the Agent will participate in that Action (of course all Future Actions are contingent, but if the specific FutureAction that is referenced occurs, the Agent will be a participant). Note that the Agent does not have to desire the FutureAction to occur - the Agent may be forced to participate, and have an Intention to participate, because not to participate would entail some undesirable consequences, which might be trivial (disappointing someone) or serious (loss of the Agent's life). This is one distinction between an Intention and a Goal - a 'Goal' in COSMO references a FutureSituation that the Agent desires to happen - for the Agent's own purposes. An Agent may have an Intention to participate in some FutureAction only because it is an imposed Obligation. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'intention' in WordNet: 1. (12) purpose, intent, intention, aim, design - (an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; 'his intent was to provide a new translation'; 'good intentions are not enough'; 'it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs'; 'he made no secret of his designs')
Super-classes	MentalObject^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op some Action^c hasPart^op some Plan^c isInTheMindOf^op some IntentionalAgent^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatWillWriteChecks

Intentional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intentional`
Description	An attribute of Actions that specifies that an Agent performed the Action with the purpose of achieving the result expected or accomplished. This contrasts with actions that are accidental, unconscious, or automatic (such as Consciousness, which is an Action in COSMO). There is only one relevant sense in Random Hose Webster; 1. done with intention or on purpose; intended: an intentional insult. The 3 WordNet senses of 'intentional' are difficult to tell apart, except that part of sense 2 in which 'designed' is used appears to have a different meaning. This type includes all 3 WordNet senses, but does not include the sense of 'designed' that is represented by the examples. 'willful' is sometimes used in a similar sense, as indicated by the quote for sense 1 of 'willful' in RHW: 1. deliberate, voluntary, or intentional: The coroner ruled the death willful murder. . . . however, the example for 'willful' in WN sense 3 of 'intentional' is a different sense, corresponding to sense 2 of 'willful' in RHW and sense 2 in WN: 2. unreasonably stubborn or headstrong; self-willed. Therefore WN sense 3 of 'intentional' is a mixed sense In COSMO 'Willful' represents an attribute that includes not only intention, but defiance (knowing that someone else objects), so is a subtype. This corresponds to all 3 adjective senses of 'intentional', adjective sense 1 of 'deliberate', adjective sense 2 of 'knowing' and in WordNet: 1. (2) deliberate, intentional, knowing - (by conscious design or purpose; 'intentional damage'; 'a knowing attempt to defraud'; 'a willful waste of time') 2. designed, intentional - (done or made or performed with purpose and intent; 'style...is more than the deliberate and designed creation'- Havelock Ellis; 'games designed for all ages'; 'well-designed houses') 3. intentional, willful, wilful - (done by design; 'the insult was intentional'; 'willful disobedience') WN WN Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conscious' and WN sense 2 of 'witting' and partly to sense 2 which is a mixed sense, WN and sense 1 of'purposeful' in WordNet: 1. (7) conscious, witting - (intentionally conceived; 'a conscious effort to speak more slowly'; 'a conscious policy') WN adj 'purposeful': 1. (2) purposeful - (serving as or indicating the existence of a purpose or goal) WN adj 'intended': 1. (4) intended - (intentional or planned; 'your intended trip abroad'; 'an intended insult')
Super-classes	Voluntary^c
Sub-classes	Deliberate^c

IntentionalAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntentionalAgent`
Description	An IntentionalAgent is an Agent that (typically) has the capacity to form a plan of action. Therefore an IntentionalAgent is an Agent to whom some purpose may be assigned - even if only the purpose of survival. The level of intentionality required to belong to this category is not as high as that required to belong to the more specific category of 'IntelligentAgent'. Therefore computer programs that do not approach human-level linguistic capacity, but have some level of intentionality (in this ontology 'SoftwareAgents') will fit in this category. But to belong to this category a computer program must have a high degree of autonomy - it must be able to reason about situations and form plans that were not directly preprogrammed. As of 2008 it is uncertain whether any such programs exist. `NOTE: an IntentionlAgent may be fictional. Other Labels: Agent-Generic[Cyc] Agent[DOLCE] SentientAgent[SUMO] @ToDo: NOTE that an IntentionalAgent does not necessarily have to be a PhysicalObject (as of v0.52) because the subtype SoftwareAgent is not a PhysicalObject, and spirits that in religion or folklore have agentive powers are also not PhysicalObjects.. IntentionalAgent is disjoint from Artifact-NonAgentive.` This category will also include some non-human animals that can be said to be able to form some plans, however primitive. As of COSMO version 0.3, we include only mammals under this class. If it is shown that other animals can form primitive plans, at that time they may also be added as subtypes of this category. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 #$Agent-Generic is the collection of all agents, or things (like #$Animals, #$Robots, #$DivineBeings, etc.) that have desires and intentions and the presumed ability to act on them. An instance of this collection may be an instance of #$AgentiveArtifact or #$Agent (but not both). In SUMO, 'CognitiveAgent' appears to be the approximate equivalent. SUMO: An Agent that has rights but may or may not have responsibilities and the ability to reason. If the latter are present, then the Agent is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. Domesticated animals are an example of SentientAgents that are not also CognitiveAgents. DOLCE: agent: A catch-all class used to join agentive objects (either physical or social). Agents are dispositionally so, in the sense that they internally represent descriptions, and in particular plans, goals and possible actions, but they do not necessarily act. In everyday language, agent is used in this sense, but also to tell that something has acted in a certain way, or to say that something has an initiator or leading role in some action. In DLP, the performs relation encodes these notions. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'autonomous agent': FIBO note: 'Agents, then, can be software agents, hardware agents, firmware agents, robotic agents, human agents, and so on. While software developers naturally think of IT systems as being constructed of only software agents, a combination of agent mechanisms might in fact be used from shop-floor manufacturing to warfare systems. The definition incorporated herein must be sufficiently general to account for these and other uses, such as for describing people and organizations who participate in broader processes and systems, for FIBO, other OMG standards and usage, and in general. Whether or not you restrict your view of agents to the software variety, most agree that agents deployed for IT systems are not useful without the following three important properties: (1) Autonomous - an agent is capable of acting without direct external intervention. Agents have some degree of control over their internal state and can act based on their own experiences. They can also possess their own set of internal responsibilities and processing that enable them to act without any external choreography. When an agent acts on behalf of (or as a proxy for) some person or thing, its autonomy is expected to embody the goals and policies of the entity that it represents. (2) Interactive - an agent communicates with the environment and other agents. Agents are interactive entities because they are capable of exchanging rich forms of messages with other entities in their environment. These messages can support requests for services and other kinds of resources, as well as event detection and notification. They can be synchronous or asynchronous in nature. The interaction can also be conversational in nature, such as negotiating contracts, marketplace-style bidding, or simply making a query. (3) Adaptive - an agent is capable of responding to other agents and/or its environment. Agents can react to messages and events and then respond appropriately. Agents can be designed to make difficult decisions and even modify their behavior based on their experiences. They can learn and evolve.' end FIBO note
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c
Sub-classes	IntelligentAgent^c FictionalCharacter^c Opponent^c Creator^c Competitors^c Mammal^c SoftwareAgent^c Agent-NonArtifact^c Participant^c LegalEntity^c
In domain of	hasFavoriteThing^op experienced^op hasMentalObject^op isaCompetitorOf^op refrainedFrom^op desires^op isAcquaintedWith^op
In range of	isInTheMindOf^op isNotKnownTo^op isaFavoriteOf^op isaCompetitorOf^op wasUnluckyFor^op hadContestant^op wasLuckyFor^op wasExperiencedBy^op isDesiredBy^op isaGoalOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CaliforniaElectorate

IntentionalDestruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntentionalDestruction`
Description	The Class of Events where an agent intentionally causes the destruction of something. NOTE that the 'something' can be a PhysicalObject, or some Action that is caused to stop being performed. This is geneeral, but if it is a stopping of an Action,it would also be an instance of 'StoppingEvent'' or some subtype of that. `SUMO; The subclass of Damagings in which the patient (or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed. Note that the difference between this concept and its superclass 'Damaging' is solely one of extent.`
Super-classes	DamagingEvent^c DestructionEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value ImprovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	Eliminating^c Immolating^c Arson^c BlowingSomethingUp^c Vandalism^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DestructionOfWorldTradeCenterBuildings2001 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldTradeCenterAttack20010911

IntentionalForgetting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntentionalForgetting`
Description	An ''IntentionalForgetting''is a ''Forgetting'' and a ''Preventing'' in which a ''Person'' intentionally or by unconscious desire forgets something (as an unleasant experience) that was once in the conscious mind. The more explicitly intentional Action of 'suppressing' a memory is represented by the subtype ''SupressingaMemory''. The difference between ''SupressingaMemory'' and this type is not clear,but the terms for ''SupressingaMemory'' more expllcitly suggest an 'intentional' act. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forget' in WordNet: 1. (61) forget, bury - (dismiss from the mind; stop remembering; 'i tried to bury these unpleasant memories')`
Super-classes	Preventing^c Forgetting^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value HavingInMemory^c
Sub-classes	SupressingaMemory^c

IntentionalMemorizing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntentionalMemorizing

Description

'IntentionalMemorizing' is a subtype of 'Memorizing' in which an intelligent agent deliberately repeats a process of learning something by observing, reading, or listening, and tests her/his recall to be sure that the information is in long-term Memory.

        'cramming' (not yet represented in COSMO) is
        IntentionalMemorizing done shortly before a test.

       Corresponds to part of verb senses 1 of 'memorize' in WordNet: 
         1. (6) memorize, memorise, con, learn - (commit to memory; learn by heart;
         'Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?')

Super-classes Memorizing^c

IntentionalMentalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntentionalMentalEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent and #$IntentionalMentalSituation (qq.v.). This is the collection of (at least partially) mental events whose instances are characterized by intentionality: they are of or about some thing external to themselves. Thoughts and acts of perception are two common types of intentional mental events. Thus, a particular act of thinking about the Eiffel Tower and a particular act of seeing the Eiffel Tower are both intentional mental events, each having (at least) the Eiffel Tower as their object. Any thing whatsoever can in principle be the object of an intentional mental event: I can think about a certain physical object, an #$Event, a #$Relation, an attribute, a #$Proposition, a mental state (my own or another's), a set, a #$Collection, or anything else. Mental events that are not intentional, and thus not in this collection, include non-localized pain experiences, and at least some instances of #$ExperiencingEmotion (q.v.). Note that, although they are indirectly related (see e.g. #$PurposefulMentalActivity), the sense of intentional described above is not to be confused with its other sense as an antonym of accidental . Nor is it to be confused with the logico-semantic concept of intensional meaning. See also #$IntentionalMentalState, #$objectOfMentalSituation, and #$thinksAbout. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'have in mind' in WordNet: 1. (8) think of, have in mind, mean - (intend to refer to; "I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France"; "Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!")`
Super-classes	MentalEvent^c IntentionalMentalSituation^c PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	DayDreaming^c Remembering^c Refraining^c Perceiving^c PuttingIntoMemory^c PurposefulMentalActivity^c

IntentionalMentalSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntentionalMentalSituation`
Description	COSMO note: the restriction requires that the Agent who is experiencing the MentalSituation be specified. Cyc: A collection of mental states and events whose instances are characterized by intentionality: they are of or about some thing external to themselves. Thoughts, acts of perception, and propositional attitudes are three common types of intentional mental situations. Thus, a particular act of thinking about the Eiffel Tower, an event of seeing the Eiffel Tower, and a given subject's believing that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris are three intentional mental situations, all having (at least) the Eiffel Tower as their object. Any thing whatsoever can in principle be the object of an intentional mental situation: I can think about a given physical object, an event, a relation, an attribute, a proposition, a mental state (my own or another's), a set, a collection, or anything else. (Note that the above mentioned belief about the Eiffel Tower and Paris is arguably not itself about the _proposition_ that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris. But now note that my belief in the content of the sentence preceding this one clearly _is_, in part, about that proposition.) Mental situations that are _not_ intentional, and thus not in this collection, include moods, itches, and pain experiences. Note that, although they are indirectly related (see e.g. #$PurposefulMentalActivity), the sense of intentional described above is not to be confused with its other sense as an antonym of accidental . See also #$IntentionalMentalEvent, #$IntentionalMentalState, #$objectOfMentalSituation, and #$thinksAbout.
Super-classes	Action^c MentalSituation-SingleSubject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intentional^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Noticing^c IntentionalMentalEvent^c

IntentionalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntentionalProcess`
Description	The SUMO equivalent of 'PurposefulAction'
Super-classes	Synonym^c

IntentionalPsychologicalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntentionalPsychologicalProcess`
Description	A SUMO concept, aproximately equivalent to 'PurposefulMentalActivity'
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Intently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intently

Description

An adver that characterizes a action of reading, listeniing, or watching to assert that it was performed in an ''Engrossed'' (intent absorbed) manner, paying full attention.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intently' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) intently - (with strained or eager attention; 'listened intently';
                'stood watching intently')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent`
Description	The class of reified relationships between two agents. Such relationships exist in time and change over time, so #$SomethingExisting is an allgenls.
Super-classes	StaticSituation^c
Sub-classes	Custody^c JobSituation^c

InterCultural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterCultural

Description

''InterCultural'' is the attribute of something that involves two or more cultures or the relations or interactions between them.

     RHW 'intercultural':
        pertaining to or taking place between two or more cultures:
            intercultural exchanges in music and art.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Interacting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interacting`
Description	The concept of ''Interacting'' is a mutual ''AffectingSomething'' in which two (or more) entities affect each other in some way. One entity may be more significantly affected than the other. This is a fundamental concept for physical interactions,but also includes mental Events (such as associating ideas) and social interactions. *** The somewhat similar SUMO concept of 'DualObjectProcess' is represented by the COSMO type ''DualObjectEvent'', an interaction between two Objects. This more general type''Interacting'' does not require that the participants be Objects. * The only OpenCYC type that refers to 'interact' per se is : owl:Class rdf:ID="InterActorSlot" comment: A specialization of #$BinaryPredicate. Each instance of #$InterActorSlot is a binary predicate that relates two individuals who are participants in some particular event. For example, #$authorOfPublication-IBT is an instance of #$InterActorSlot, since (#$authorOfPublication-IBT X Y) implies the existence of a #$Writing event in which X is the author and Y is the book written. Other examples of #$InterActorSlot are #$agreeingAgents, #$artisticWorksCreated, #$spouse, and #$wornOn. /rdfs:comment guid: bd58f091-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270 type: rdf:resource='#PredicateType' subClassOf: rdf:resource='#ObjectPredicate' subClassOf: rdf:resource='#BinaryPredicate' /owl:Class ***** Includes verb sense 1 of 'interact'and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'interaction' in WordNet: 1. (2) interact - (act together or towards others or with others; 'He should interact more with his colleagues') WN noun 'interaction': 1. (15) interaction - (a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting) 2. interaction, fundamental interaction - ((physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons)
Super-classes	AffectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op min 2
Sub-classes	TransactingBusiness^c Interplay^c DualObjectEvent^c RelatingToAnotherPerson^c ChemicalInteraction^c Synergizing^c Reasoning^c Repelling^c SocialInteraction^c

Interaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interaction`
Description	A 'Interaction' is a 'MultiPersonAction' that is characterized by the participation of two or more 'Person''s, or GroupOfPeople, or Organization (i.e. either an individual or collective human agent), and each of which takes the initiative at some point to communicate with one or more of the others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interaction' in WordNet: 1. (15) interaction - (a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting)`
Super-classes	MultiAgentAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Communication^c hasParticipant^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	SocialInteraction^c Conversation^c

Interactive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interactive

Description

''Interactive'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Interacting'') of people or inanimate objects, or of ''Interaction'' between people.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'interactive' in Wordnet:
        2. interactional, interactive - (capable of acting on or influencing each other)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Intercepting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intercepting`
Description	This sense of ''Intercepting'' is specific for a Government performing an ''AppropriatingProperty'' while it is in transit. The part of WN 'interception' for private persons intercepting things in transit should be broken out as a separate sense. @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intercept' in WordNet: 1. (5) intercept, stop - (seize on its way; 'The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace') WN noun 'interception' (part, for government actions): 1. interception - (the act of intercepting; preventing something from proceeding or arriving; 'he resorted to the interception of his daughter's letters'; 'he claimed that the interception of one missile by another would be impossible')
Super-classes	AppropriatingProperty^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value ConveyingMaterials^c

Interchange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interchange`
Description	A ''Interchange'' is a ''GenericIntersection'' of (at least two different) ''Roadway''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interchange' in WordNet: 1. (5) interchange - (a junction of highways on different levels that permits traffic to move from one to another without crossing traffic streams)`
Super-classes	GenericIntersection^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op min 2

Intercom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intercom`
Description	An ''Intercom'' is a ''CommunicationSystem'' that transmits messages (voice or data) by electrical or electronic means within a single structure (building or ship). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intercom' in WordNet: 1. intercommunication system, intercom - (a communication system linking different rooms within a building or ship etc)`
Super-classes	CommunicationSystem^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Structure^c hasDesignFunction^op value LocalIntercommunication^c

Intercommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intercommunication`
Description	''Intercommunication'' is a ''Communication'' in which two or more people (or ''IntelligentAgent''s more generally) perform ''Communication''s about the same Topic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intercommunication' in WordNet: 1. intercommunication - (mutual communication; communication with each other; 'they intercepted intercommunication between enemy ships')`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Communication^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c
Sub-classes	LocalIntercommunication^c SocialIntercourse^c

Interdependence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interdependence

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interdependence' in WordNet:
          1. (5) mutuality, interdependence, interdependency - 
              (a reciprocal relation between interdependent entities 
              (objects or individuals or groups))

Super-classes Reciprocality^c
Dependency^c

Interdependent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interdependent`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interdependent' in Wordnet: 1. (3) interdependent, mutualist, mutually beneficial - (mutually dependent)`
Super-classes	Dependent^c

Interdiction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interdiction

Description

To interdict is to prevent, hinder, or delay the enemy's use of an area or route. Interdiction is conducted to complement and reinforce other ongoing offensive or defensive operations. An interdiction tasking must specify the enemy force to be interdicted. It must also specify the area or route to be interdicted, how long the interdiction is to be in effect, defined either as a length of time or some event that must occur before the interdiction is lifted or the exact effect desired from the interdiction.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'interdict' in WordNet:
           1. interdict - (destroy by firepower, such as an enemy's line of communication)

Super-classes MilitaryAttack^c
DestructionEvent^c
Preventing^c

Interdisciplinary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interdisciplinary

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interdisciplinary' in Wordnet:
        1. interdisciplinary - (drawing from or characterized by participation of
           two or more fields of study; 'interdisciplinary studies'; 'an interdisciplinary conference')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Interest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interest`
Description	A Feeling that causes a person to pay attention to something. As a DirectedFeeling, the 'something' that one has an Interest in is related by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interest' in WordNet: 1. (306) interest, involvement - (a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something; "an interest in music")`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	causes^op some Perceiving-Voluntary^c
Sub-classes	Fascination^c Affair^c Curiosity^c

Interest-Monetary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interest-Monetary

Description

'Interest-Monetary' is a 'Fee' paid by one party for a loan of money from another. The value may be expressed as a 'MoneyMeasure', or MoneyMeasure per unit time, or as a percentage (usually implying per year, as 5% per year).

    See also 'PercentageAttributeValue'

    Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'interest' in WordNet:
      4. (111) interest - (a fixed charge for borrowing money; usually a percentage of the 
         amount borrowed; 'how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?')

Super-classes Fee^c
PeriodicCharge^c

InterestGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterestGroup`
Description	A SocialGroup having some common interests, but unlike a ''Community'' not necessarily being otherwise connected. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interest group' in WordNet: 1. interest, interest group - ((usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims; "the iron interests stepped up production")`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c
Sub-classes	SocialBody^c VotingBloc^c Defenders^c

InterestGroupMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterestGroupMember`
Description	An InterestGroupMember is a member of an ''InterestGroup''.
Super-classes	PartyInRole^c Member^c

InterestPayment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterestPayment

Description

'InterestPayment' is a MoneyObject that is paid for the use of borrowed money. The payment is income to one party, and expenditure to another.

   Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'interest' in WordNet:
      4. (111) interest - (a fixed charge for borrowing money;
         usually a percentage of the amount borrowed;
         'how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?')

Super-classes PeriodicPayment^c

Interested^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interested`
Description	''Interested'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing the Feeling of ''Interest'' in something. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interested' in WordNet: 1. (27) interested - (having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern; 'an interested audience'; 'interested in sports'; 'was interested to hear about her family'; 'interested in knowing who was on the telephone'; 'interested spectators')`
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c Abnormal^c
Sub-classes	Fascinated^c Engrossed^c

Interesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interesting`
Description	An attribute of events or objects or texts (abstract or physical) that cause the observer (or reader) to pay attention, to observe better or learn more. A stronger attribute subtype would be ''Fascinating''. Linguistically this attribute is signalled not only by adjectives like 'interesting' but also by phrases such as 'holds no interest' (= not interesting), 'nothing of interest' (of interest = interesting); 'add interest' (= make more interesting). Thus the linguistic markers are both 'interesting' and 'interest' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interesting' and noun sense 1 of 'interest' in WordNet: 1. (28) interesting - (arousing or holding the attention) WN noun 'intersest' 2. (164) interest, interestingness - (the power of attracting or holding one's attention (because it is unusual or exciting etc.); 'they said nothing of great interest'; 'primary colors can add interest to a room')
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c Salient^c
Sub-classes	Stunning^c Mysterious^c Breathtaking^c Captivating^c Arcane^c Suspenseful^c Inspiring^c ColorfullyInteresting^c Erotic^c Attractive^c Attracting^c Intriguing^c Fascinating^c

InterestingThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterestingThing`
Description	A ''InterestingThing'' is anything that is interesting to some Agent - and this is only relative to the Agent, as different agentswill consider different things to be ''Interesting''. This is reified to allow representation of categories otherwise difficult to classify, such as the noun ''PriorityItem''. 'Interesting' is broadly construed here, as things such as ''Task'' are interesting in that they need to be paid attention. includes 'AttentionWorthy'??
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Interesting^c perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value PayingAttention^c
Sub-classes	InterestingaPerson^c

InterestingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterestingaPerson`
Description	Each ''InterestingaPerson'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event that causes an IntelligentAgent (or animal?) to be in a state of ''Interest'' - causing that agent to pay attention. This is both the Event causing Interest, and the Perception of that Event since the Perception is necessary for the interest to follow. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and 3 of 'interest' (hard to tell the difference) in WordNet: 1. (5) interest - (excite the curiosity of; engage the interest of) 3. (1) matter to, interest - (be of importance or consequence; 'This matters to me!')`
Super-classes	ArousingAnEmotion^c Perceiving^c InterestingThing^c CausingaMentalEvent^c CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Person^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Interested^c isaPerceptionOf^op value InterestingThing^c alwaysCauses^op value Interest^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Interesting^c
Sub-classes	FascinatingaPerson^c EngrossingaPerson^c

Interestingly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interestingly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'interestingly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) interestingly - (in an interesting manner; 'when he ceases to be just interestingly neurotic and...gets locked up'- Time)`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Interface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interface`
Description	An ''Interface'' is a two-dimensional surface, which is located between two PhysicalObjects, which can either solid or liquid on either or both sides. This is classified as a ''barrier'' because it can, at least in the case of two liquids, be a barrier that prevents dissolved substances from migrating into the opposite phase. For solids, such as in transistors,it can be a barrier to migration of electrons - a stretch for a ''barrier'', but meaningful. `The relation ''hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters'' can but need not be used to be specific about how deep an interface can go. Usually it is very thin (less than 1 millimeter) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interface' in WordNet: 1. (3) interface - ((chemistry) a surface forming a common boundary between two things (two objects or liquids or chemical phases))`
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c SheetlikeBarrier^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some PairOfObjects^c hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters^dp only xsd:float^c

Interfering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interfering`
Description	A specialization of (#$AttemptingFn #$PreventFromHappening) and #$ConflictEvent. Each instance of #$Interfering is an #$Action aimed at thwarting or hindering another agent's action. An instance of #$Interfering need not 'prevent' an agent's action, but it must make that action more difficult for the agent to perform; otherwise, it is just an instance of (#$AttemptingFn #$Interfering). For an Action by an agent that comnpletely prevents some action by another agent, use ''BlockingAction''. Sense 1 of 'interfere' is represented by relation 'hinders' WN 'interfere': 1. (11) interfere - (come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle; 'Your talking interferes with my work!') Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'interfere' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'interference' in Wordnet: 2. (3) intervene, step in, interfere, interpose - (get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action, or through force or threat of force; 'Why did the U.S. not intervene earlier in WW II?') WN noun 'interference': 1. (3) intervention, interference - (a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries) 2. (3) hindrance, hinderance, interference - (the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding)
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c Impeding^c Hindrance^c ConflictEvent^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Action^c
Sub-classes	InconveniencingaPerson^c DelayingAnAgent^c BlockingAction^c Defending^c Picketing^c Sabotage^c Hijacking^c

Interim^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interim

Description

''Interim'' is an attribute of something that occurs in a 'Meanwhile'' TimeInterval.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interim' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) interim - (serving during an intermediate interval of time;
             'an interim agreement')

Super-classes Temporary^c

Interior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interior`
Description	Each 'Interior' is a PhysicalSpaceRegion that is inside of and does not extend to the surface of an Object or larger PhysicalSpaceRegion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interior' in WordNet: 1. (16) inside, interior - (the region that is inside of something)`
Super-classes	Part^c PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
Sub-classes	Midst^c

InteriorDecoration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InteriorDecoration`
Description	The ''InteriorDecoration'' are the group of ''Decoration'' objects that are on the inside of a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' of any kind, having decorative purpose and possibly utility as well. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interior decoration' in WordNet: 1. interior decoration, decor - (decoration consisting of the layout and furnishings of a livable interior)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Decoration^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Sub-classes	WallHanging^c

InteriorDecorator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InteriorDecorator`
Description	Decorator designs a plan for interor decoration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interior decorator' in WordNet: 1. interior designer, designer, interior decorator, house decorator, room decorator, decorator - (a person who specializes in designing architectural interiors and their furnishings)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Designer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value InteriorDesign^c

InteriorDesign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InteriorDesign`
Description	The act of designing the plan for the interior furnishings and decorations in a building. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interior design' in WordNet: 1. (14) interior decoration, interior design - (the trade of planning the layout and furnishings of an architectural interior)`
Super-classes	SkilledTrade^c DesigningEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value InteriorDecorator^c

Interjecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interjecting`
Description	A ''Interjecting'' is an ''InterruptingEvent'' that is an ''Action'' causing a ''Pause'', usually of short duration, in some ongoing Action. 'He put in his two cents' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'interject' in Wordnet: 1. (2) interject, come in, interpose, put in, throw in, inject - (to insert between other elements; 'She interjected clever remarks')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c InterruptingEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Pause^c causedTheStoppingOf^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c)

Interjection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interjection`
Description	A brief phrase that is intended to inject a comment (usually of agreementor diagreement) while another person is speaking. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interjection' in Wordnet: 1. ejaculation, interjection - (an abrupt emphatic exclamation expressing emotion)`
Super-classes	Exclamation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c
Sub-classes	Ha^c Amen^c Hmm^c Bye^c Uh^c Cheers^c Gee^c Gesundheit^c Shh^c YumYum^c Umm^c Whew^c Uh-huh^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#aw http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#eh http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dammit

Intermediary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intermediary`
Description	An ''Intermediary'' is a ''Representative'' who acts to assist two pr more parties to arrive at an agreement. `RHW: 'broker' sense 2 (senses 1 and 3 are the subtype ''Broker'') 2. a person who functions as an intermediary between two or more parties in negotiating agreements, bargains, or the like. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intermediary' in WordNet: 1. (1) mediator, go-between, intermediator, intermediary, intercessor - (a negotiator who acts as a link between parties)`
Super-classes	Representative^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Mediating^c enablesOrAssists^op value MakingAnAgreement^c
Sub-classes	Broker^c Mediator^c

Intermediate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intermediate`
Description	''Intermediate'' is an attribute of something that is neither 'high' nor 'low' nor 'first' nor 'last', i.e. in between two quantitative extremes in any of various ways, e.g. size, time. Can be subdivided into time and quantity subtypes?? The terms ''FirstOfaSeries'', ''Intermediate'' and ''Last'' are used to refer to places in a series that do not have ordinal numbers (except for ''FirstOfaSeries'' being essentially identical to ''First'' but logically distinct and used with different relations). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'intermediate' in WordNet: 1. (12) intermediate - (lying between two extremes in time or space or degree; 'going from sitting to standing without intermediate pushes with the hands'; 'intermediate stages in a process'; 'intermediate stops on the route'; 'an intermediate level') 2. (1) average, intermediate, medium - (around the middle of a scale of evaluation of physical measures; 'an orange of average size'; 'intermediate capacity'; 'a plane with intermediate range'; 'medium bombers')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	MediumSized^c

IntermentRite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntermentRite`
Description	A formal rite accompanying the interment of the body of a person. This does not include cremation, nor informal hasty burials. Some kind of ceremonial actions must be included. Placing the body in any kind of tomb, below or above ground, is included. NOTE that this action is primarily a burying Action, and the ceremonies are included. A funeral service that precedes the burial is not an instance of this type. For a commemoration meeting that is not held at the site of burial (including funeral masses at a church), use 'Funeral'. Includes noun sense of 'burial' and verb sense 2 of 'bury' and noun sense 1 of 'interment'and verb sense 1 of 'entomb' and verb sense 1 of 'inter' in WordNet: WN noun 'burial': 1. (5) burial, entombment, inhumation, interment, sepulture - (the ritual placing of a corpse in a grave) WN verb 'bury': 2. (6) bury, entomb, inhume, inter, lay to rest - (place in a grave or tomb; 'Stalin was buried behind the Kremlin wall on Red Square'; 'The pharaohs were entombed in the pyramids'; 'My grandfather was laid to rest last Sunday')
Super-classes	Rite^c Ceremony^c BuryingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some HumanCorpse^c

Interminable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interminable

Description

''Interminable'' is the attribute of some Event or Action that seems to be going on 'forever' though it may not be objectively very long. Using this attribute expresses a feeling. of boredom. Something that goes on too long

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interminable' in WordNet:
           1. (4) endless, eternal, interminable - (tiresomely long;
             seemingly without end; 'endless debates'; 'an endless conversation';
             'the wait seemed eternal'; 'eternal quarreling'; 'an interminable sermon')

Super-classes LongLasting^c

Intermission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intermission`
Description	An ''Intermission'' is a ''TimeInterval'' at the start of which some Event that had been occurring pauses and during which that Event does not occur, and after which the Event resumes. The co-occurring ''PersistentState'' is represented as a ''Pause''. `This type represents the TimeInterval during which activities are suspended, not the Event that caused the suspension, nor the Event (PersistentState) that represents the suspended activities. in WordNet: WN noun 'pause': 1. (12) pause, intermission, break, interruption, suspension - (a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value Pause^c occursDuring^op value OrganizationAction^c
Sub-classes	StationBreak^c Postponement^c Halftime^c Lapse^c SeventhInningStretch^c BroadcastingBlackout^c

Intermittent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intermittent`
Description	''Intermittent'' is an EventAttributeValue that characterizes Events that recur more than twice, at intervals that may be regular or only occasional. NOTE: in wordnet both 'intermittent' and 'periodic' have senses that characterize Events occurring at both regular and irregular intervals. This COSMO sense of ''Intermittent'' includes both the 'irregular' and 'regular' senses, and restricts the entry ''Periodic'' to regular intervals. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intermittent' in Wordnet: 1. (2) intermittent - (stopping and starting at irregular intervals; "intermittent rain showers") WN adj 'periodic': 3. periodic - (recurring or reappearing from time to time; 'periodic feelings of anxiety')
Super-classes	EventAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Periodic^c

Intermittently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intermittently`
Description	''Intermittent' is an adverb having the general meaning of 'ocurring at intervals'. This can modify assertions to assert that the Events described occur more than once, at some unspecified interval of time, whether regularly or irregularly. For the adver characterizing Event occurring at (approximately) regular intervals, use ''Periodically''. `NOTE: this is broader than the WN gloss, characterizing Events that can occur at regular intervals. NOTE: 'sporadically' is a subAdverb. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intermittently' in Wordnet: 1. intermittently - (in an intermittent manner; 'intermittently we questioned the barometer')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Periodically^c

Intern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intern`
Description	A ''Intern'' is a 'Trainee' in a formal ''Internship'' position. This is the general sense; a medical 'intern' would be a subtype. `RHW: 3. a person who works as an apprentice or trainee in an occupation or profession to gain practical experience, and sometimes also to satisfy legal or other requirements for being licensed or accepted professionally. No WN sense for the general type.`
Super-classes	Trainee^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Internship^c

Internal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Internal`
Description	Located inside of some Object, Group, or Organization e.g. an InternalOrgan; not on the surface or extending to the surface of an Object; not External. This AttributeValue can characterize Objects, Processes, or Events. Every PhysicalObject that is 'Internal' is located at some Interior, i.e., the Internal part of some larger PhysicalObject. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'internal' and sense 1 of 'inner' in WordNet: WN 'internal': 1. (11) internal - (happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface; 'internal organs'; 'internal mechanism of a toy'; 'internal party maneuvering') 2. (1) internal, intragroup - (occurring within an institution or community; 'intragroup squabbling within the corporation') WN adj 'inner': 1. (16) inner, interior, internal - (located inward; 'Beethoven's manuscript looks like a bloody record of a tremendous inner battle'- Leonard Bernstein; 'she thinks she has no soul, no interior life, but the truth is that she has no access to it'- David Denby; 'an internal sense of rightousness'- A.R.Gurney,Jr.)
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	BuiltIn^c Inherent^c Inner^c

InternalAnatomicalPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalAnatomicalPart`
Description	$InternalAnatomicalPart is a specialization of `#$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$InternalAnatomicalPart is a part of the internal anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include #$CirculatorySystem and #$MiddleEar. NOTE that this includes only solid parts; blood and lymph are not included here.`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyRegion^c SolidObject^c BodyPart^c
Sub-classes	CardiovascularSystem^c Meninges^c BodyTract^c FattyTissue^c Sinus^c Tumor^c Lens-EyePart^c Sac-Organic^c Retina^c Tonsil^c Tongue^c SkeletalStructure^c SpinalCord^c Cervix^c Ligament^c AnatomicalVessel^c ChestCavity^c Throat^c Eardrum^c InternalOrgan^c AnimalOrganPart^c NuclearBody^c NeuralStructure^c Palate^c CirculatorySystem^c BoneStructure^c Peritoneum^c Hypothalamus^c NervousSystem^c CartilaginousStructure^c Alveolus^c Pericardium^c DigestiveSystem^c Septum^c Organelle^c LymphNode^c LipidBilayer^c Tendon^c LymphaticSystem^c Pupil-EyePart^c VocalCords^c

InternalAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalAttribute`
Description	Any Attribute of an Entity that is an internal property of the Entity, e.g. its shape, its color, its fragility, etc.
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Color^c PhysicalState^c

InternalAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalAttributeValue`
Description	The values that InternalAttributes take: e.g. shape, its color, its fragility, etc.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c

InternalBodyFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalBodyFluid`
Description	InternalBodyFluids are fluids found in the bodies of animals. Unlike secretions such as sweat, they will have organic materials as the main significant constituent, and therefore are categorized as 'OrganicSubstance'. `Corresponds to part (excluding tears and sweat) of noun sense 1 of 'body fluid' in WordNet: 1. liquid body substance, bodily fluid, body fluid, humor, humour - (the liquid parts of the body)`
Super-classes	BodyFluid^c OrganicSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Lymph^c Blood^c BloodPlasma^c Succus^c BloodSerum^c

InternalBodySounds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalBodySounds`
Description	''InternalBodySounds'' are the sounds generated by bodily actions in side a body, of greatest interest those being of human bodies, especially the heart and breathing sounds, for medical diagnostic actions.
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value AnimalBody^c

InternalChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalChange`
Description	SUMO: Processes which involve altering an internal property of an Object, e.g. the shape of the Object, its coloring, its structure, etc. Processes that are not instances of this class include changes that only affect the relationship to other objects, e.g. changes in spatial or temporal location.
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Dilapidating^c ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c DamagingEvent^c ShapeChange^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c BiologicalDestructionEvent^c

InternalCombustionEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalCombustionEngine`
Description	Device that, when it runs, turns a crankshaft by controlled combustion of a fuel, often gasoline or diesel fuel, but possibly a gas such as natural gas or hydrogen. `SUMO: InternalCombustionEngine is the subclass of Engines in which a heat reaction that occurs inside the engine is transformed into mechanical energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'internal-combustion engine' in WordNet: 1. internal-combustion engine, ICE - (a heat engine in which combustion occurs inside the engine rather than in a separate furnace; heat expands a gas that either moves a piston or turns a gas turbine)`
Super-classes	FuelPoweredDevice^c Engine^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value VehicleFuel^c
Sub-classes	MotorcycleEngine^c DieselEngine^c GasolineEngine^c AircraftEngine^c

InternalCombustionPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalCombustionPoweredDevice`
Description	A specialization of both #$FuelPoweredDevice and #$SelfPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice is a device powered by an internal combustion engine. Specializations of #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice include #$Motorboat and #$RoadVehicle-InternalCombustionEngine.
Super-classes	FuelPoweredDevice^c SelfPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value InternalCombustionEngine^c
Sub-classes	ConstructionVehicle^c FuelPoweredAutomobile^c ElectricAutomobile^c Tractor^c

InternalMedicine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalMedicine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'internal medicine' in WordNet: 1. internal medicine, general medicine - (the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and (nonsurgical) treatment of diseases of the internal organs (especially in adults))`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value InternalOrgan^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value Internist^c

InternalOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalOrgan`
Description	COSMO note: the restriction needs modification - @ToDo: should be somevaluesFrom Interior or some type that is a part of an Organism. `Cyc: A specialization of #$InternalAnatomicalPart. #$InternalOrgan is the collection of all organs (see the collection #$Organ) that are also instances of #$InternalAnatomicalPart. Specializations of #$InternalOrgan include #$Liver, #$Stomach, #$Heart, and #$Brain.`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c Organ^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Interior^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Internal^c
Sub-classes	Gland^c Liver^c Brain^c Bladder-Urinary^c Appendix^c Spleen^c GallBladder^c Muscle^c Uterus^c UrinaryBladder^c Kidney^c AdrenalGland^c Lung^c Stomach^c SpeechOrgan^c Intestine^c Heart^c

InternalState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternalState`
Description	Each InternalState is a PersistentState in which some set of component parts of a System maintain a stable configuration (the properties of the components and relations among them are constant within the limits considered significant) for some interval of time. The system can be a living organism or part of an organism, or some artifact that is designed to have alternative internal states (such as a thermostat). `Feelings of cognitive agents are example of InternalState.`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	Feeling^c BehavioralDisposition^c

Internalizing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Internalizing

Description

''Internalizing'' is type of ''Incorporating'' in which a Person comes to include within her/his own beliefs and feelings something not previously included.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'internalize' in WordNet:
         1. (2) internalize, internalise, interiorize, interiorise - (incorporate within oneself;
             make subjective or personal; 'internalize a belief')

Super-classes Incorporating^c

Internally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Internally

Description

''Internally'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes Events that occur 'inside' something.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'internally' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) internally - (on or from the inside; 'an internally controlled environment')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

International^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#International`
Description	'International' is the attribute of something - an Action or Object, that is performed by, belongs to, or otherwise pertains to some Group of two or more Countries. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'international' in WordNet: 1. (19) international - (concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations; 'international affairs'; 'an international agreement'; 'international waters')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Arab-Israeli^c

InternationalJihad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternationalJihad`
Description	''InternationalJihad'' is a long-term 'struggle' ( a 'Holy War') of a Muslim faction that aims to convert the world to Islam through military means, including terrorism. This is a type of ''War'' that may be performed by organized military groups, and/or including poorly organized terrorism or guerilla tactics. `The term 'jihad' originally referred to a personal struggle for spiritual holiness, represented by entry ''Jihad''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'international jihad' in WordNet: 1. jihad, jehad, international jihad - (a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels)`
Super-classes	War^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Jihadist^c

InternationalSportsCompetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternationalSportsCompetition`
Description	International sports competitions, including the Olympics, Wimbledon, World Figure Skating competitions, etc.
Super-classes	SportsCompetition^c
Sub-classes	OlympicGames^c

Internationally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Internationally

Description

      'internationally recognized'; 'internationally approved'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'internationally' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) internationally - (throughout the world; 'She is internationally known')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Internet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Internet`
Description	An ''Internet'' is a specific type of computer ''Network'' using specific protocols, though the physical parts of it may change from day to day. This includes the network referred to as 'The Internet'. According to the restriction, there may be more than one 'Internet' but to fit into this category that network has to include one set of servers ''InternetServers01'' that includes the computer ''InternetServer001'' `Should This be an instance? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'internet' in Wordnet: 1. internet, net, cyberspace - (a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange)`
Super-classes	Path-Physical^c ComputerNetwork^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value ComputerFile-Abstract^c servesAsaPathFor^op value InternetCommunication^c hasComponentElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternetServers01^c hasPart^op value DigitalComputer^c containsObjects^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternetServers01^c
Sub-classes	WorldWideWeb^c

InternetAdvertisement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternetAdvertisement`
Description	An 'InternetAdvertisement' is an 'AbstractDocument' that is represented by any paid web page or part of a web page that is intended to cause people to buy things or to participate in some activity, or to promote a point of view such as political; this must be paid to the owner of a web site that has other content; web sites maintained by an organizatikon that promotes their prodcut or point of view are not considered 'InternetAdvertisement' in this sense. @ToDo: needs more detail.
Super-classes	Advertisement^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value GenericWebPage^c

InternetBroadcasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternetBroadcasting`
Description	CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$MassCommunicating and #$InternetCommunication. In every instance of #$InternetBroadcasting, information is transmitted via the #$Internet and aimed at a great many agents. For example, an internet transmission of footage of court testimony aimed at the general public is an instance of #$InternetBroadcasting. A private email message is not.
Super-classes	Disseminating^c InternetCommunication^c
Sub-classes	WebcamBroadcasting^c

InternetCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternetCommunication`
Description	A specialization of #$Communicating and #$ComputerActivity. Each instance of this rather general collection is some kind of message-exchange that occurs over the #$Internet. Specializations of this collection include #$PostingToNewsgroup and #$OnlineChat.
Super-classes	NetworkCommunication^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Internet^c
Sub-classes	InternetBroadcasting^c Texting^c EMailCommunication^c SendingaTweet^c

InternetPublishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternetPublishing`
Description	''InternetPublishing'' is the posting on a publicly accessible WebPage of ay material that the published considers worthy of public attention. This include reputable Web news sites as well as blogers of all kinds.
Super-classes	MediaTransmitting^c Telecommunication^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value Internet^c wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value DigitalComputer^c

Internist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Internist`
Description	An ''Internist'' is a doctor who specializes in disorders of ''InternalOrgan''s, mostly those located in the Torso. `CYC: Internists are specialists in internal medicine, especially as distinguished from surgeons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'internist' in WordNet: 1. internist - (a specialist in internal medicine)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value InternalMedicine^c

Internship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Internship`
Description	The only sense of 'intern(ship) in WN is for medical intern(ship)s. This is for the general sense, of a JobPosition that is intended to not be permanent but to provide working experience for the Person thus employed. The work may be paid at or near the usual wage for such a job, or be completely unpaid, or something in between. `CYC: The collection of typically unpaid job positions that are temporary and are sought for the experience of working in a particular field. RHW 'internship': 3. any official or formal program to provide practical experience for beginners in an occupation or profession: an internship for management trainees. 4. a position as a participant in such a program: She has accepted an internship in a law firm. internship`
Super-classes	TemporaryPosition^c
Restrictions	hadEmployee^op some Intern^c

Interpersonal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interpersonal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interpersonal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) interpersonal - (occurring among or involving several people; 'interpersonal situations in which speech occurs')`
Super-classes	Social^c

Interplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interplay`
Description	'Interplay'' A broad concept that is a ''Interacting'' with more than a single Action, such that each 'Agent' in the .''Interplay'' performs some Action affecting the other Agent. The 'Agents' can be of any type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interplay' in WordNet: 1. (2) interplay - (reciprocal action and reaction)`
Super-classes	Interacting^c ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ActingOnSomething^c hasSubEvent^op value Reaction^c

InterpolatingaText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterpolatingaText`
Description	''InterpolatingaText'' is a form of ''Editing'' of written material in which words are inserted into pre-existing text. NOTE: this is broader than the WN 'interpolate' in that the intent of adding text need not be to falsify, but to improve, and it can be done by the author of the original txt. NOTE: this should be broadened or a paret type created to include interpolating spoken words into speech, as in MWD: 'to insert (as words) into a text or into a conversation' Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'interpolate' in WordNet: 2. interpolate, alter, falsify - (insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby)
Super-classes	Editing^c Inserting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value TextualMaterial^c hadAddedObject^op value TextualMaterial^c

Interpretation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interpretation`
Description	An ''Interpretation'' is a ''Notion'' located in the mind of some ''IntelligentAgent'' that is an ''AbstractRepresentation'' of some linguistic object, observed by or communicated to that ''IntelligentAgent'', or inferred from observations or communications. This is not necessarily the true ''Meaning'' of some linguistic assertion (oral or written), but is one ''IntelligentAgent'''s ''Notion'' (idea) of the meaning of that Assertion, Observation, or Situation. `An ''Interpretation'' can be represented (described lingistically) by some 'AbstractText''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'interpretation' and sense 1 of 'version' in WordNet: 1. (11) interpretation, reading, version - (a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something) WN noun 'version': 1. (8) version - (an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint; 'his version of the fight was different from mine')`
Super-classes	Meaning^c Proposition^c Notion^c
Restrictions	isInTheMindOf^op only IntelligentAgent^c hasAbstractRepresentation^op only AbstractText^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some (Communication^c or Reading^c or LinguisticAssertion^c or Assertion^c or Meaning^c or Observation^c or LinguisticAssertion^c) isProducedByEventType^op some (Communication^c or Reading^c or LinguisticAssertion^c or Assertion^c or Meaning^c or Observation^c or LinguisticAssertion^c)

Interpreter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interpreter`
Description	A person whose task it is to translate spoken language from one language to another. An interpreter need not be a professional, but could be a bilingual person pressed into service for a specific occasion. This is distinguished from a 'Translator', who primarily translates written or recorded documents. `This type is a subtype of 'PersonWithOccupation' but one who casually translates spoken language, not for a fee, is also an 'Interpreter' in that Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interpreter' and sense 2 of 'translator' in WordNet: 1. (4) interpreter, translator - (someone who mediates between speakers of different languages)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some TranslatingSpokenLanguage^c

Interpreting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interpreting`
Description	''Interpreting'' is a subtype of 'Understanding' in which an IntelligentAgent decides which of more than one possible meaning is the most likely, either for the ''IntendedMeaning'' of a Phrase or work of art, causal interpretation of some Phenomenon or Observation or behavior. ('interpreting the evidence'; 'construing the law'; 'I see your meaning') `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'interpret' in WordNet: 1. (17) interpret, construe, see - (make sense of; assign a meaning to; 'What message do you see in this letter?'; 'How do you interpret his behavior?')`
Super-classes	Understanding^c StrictlyMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Interpretation^c

Interpretive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interpretive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interpretive' in Wordnet: 1. interpretative, interpretive - (that provides interpretation)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Interracial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interracial

Description

''Racial'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to anything having people of more than one ''RaceOfPeople'' either in the same location or performing some activity together. ''Interracial'' characterizes any GroupOfPeople, Organization, Location, or Action that includes people of more than one 'race' (informally interpreted, as 'white', 'negroid', 'Asian', 'brown' of other broad category of people that have been traditionally distingished by genetic characteristics of that group, especially skin color. 'mixed marriage'

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'interracial' in Wordnet:
       1. interracial - (between races; 'interracial conflict')
       2. interracial, mixed - (involving or composed of different races; 
           'interracial schools'; 'a mixed neighborhood')

Super-classes Racial^c

Interred^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interred`
Description	bury, entomb, inhume, inter, Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interred' in Wordnet: 1. buried, inhumed, interred - (placed in a grave; 'the hastily buried corpses')
Super-classes	Buried^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced^op value IntermentRite^c isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt^op value GraveSite^c

Interrelated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interrelated`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interrelated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) interconnected, interrelated - (reciprocally connected)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Interrogating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interrogating`
Description	An Action in which one person asks more than one question to another Person. Not necessarily done by Police. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'interrogate' and noun sense 3 of 'interrogation' in WordNet: 2. interrogate, question - (pose a series of questions to; 'The suspect was questioned by the police'; 'We questioned the survivor about the details of the explosion') WN noun 'interrogation: 3. interrogation, examination, interrogatory - (formal systematic questioning)`
Super-classes	InformationGathering^c Asking^c
Sub-classes	Deposition^c

InterrogativePronoun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterrogativePronoun`
Description	An 'InterrogativePronoun' is a Pronoun that is used in questions, and serves as a place holder for the thing that is being inquired about.
Super-classes	Pronoun^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whose http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#why http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#who http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#which http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#what http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#when http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#where

Interrupted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interrupted`
Description	''Interrupted'' is the attribute of an Action that was halted (or of Person who had to halt that action - see ''Disturbed'') due to another Event requiring attention. For the more specific attribute of a person who was interrupted, se subAttribute ''Disturbed''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interrupted' in Wordnet: 1. interrupted - (discontinued temporarily; 'we resumed the interrupted discussion')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Inconvenienced^c

InterruptingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterruptingEvent`
Description	An unplanned Event that causes a temporary or permanent cessation of an ongoing activity. This is the event causing the break in activity, not the break in activity itself (a 'Pause' in COSMO) nor the time interval during which activities are paused ('Intermission'). The restriction specifies that an InterruptingEvent causes either a Pause or a StoppingEvent - a temporary or permanent cessation of some activity. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'break' and noun sense 2 of 'interruption' in WordNet, to verb senses 1 and 4 of 'interrupt' (note that Wordnet senses 2 and 3 do not actually cause a break in the activity, but a slowdown or partial distraction) however, a 'break in the action' is represented by 'Pause' - in the example given, the Player getting hurt would be the InterruptingEvent causing the break in the action. in WordNet: WN noun 'interruption' 2. (1) interruption, break - (some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity; 'the telephone is an annoying interruption'; 'there was a break in the action when a player was hurt') WN verb 'interrupt' 1. (14) interrupt, disrupt, break up, cut off - (make a break in; 'We interrupt the program for the following messages') 2. (5) interrupt, disturb - (destroy the peace or tranquility of; 'Don't interrupt me when I'm reading') 3. (3) interrupt, disrupt - (interfere in someone else's activity; 'Please don't interrupt me while I'm on the phone') 4. interrupt, break - (terminate; 'She interrupted her pregnancy'; 'break a lucky streak'; 'break the cycle of poverty')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op some (HumanActivity^c or ActionType^c or StoppingEvent^c or Pause^c or Inaction^c) alwaysCauses^op some (HumanActivity^c or ActionType^c or StoppingEvent^c or Pause^c or Inaction^c)
Sub-classes	Hiatus^c Breakdown^c Interjecting^c BreakingaHabit^c

Intersectant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intersectant

Description

''Intersectant'' is an AttributeValue of ''LongAndThinThing''s that are arranged in an ''Intersecting'' state.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intersectant' in Wordnet:
          1. decussate, intersectant, intersecting - (crossed or intersected in the form of an X)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Intersecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intersecting`
Description	Each ''Intersecting'' is a ''Converging'' (including a PersistentState) in which two or more ''LongAndThinThing''s (physical or abstract) are aligned so that some part (possibly as small as a point) of each is located at the same location. This is used for lines in an abstract space, paths and roads, other physical objects such as construction beams in a structure, or the abstract or physical representations of ''LongAndThinObject''s. NOTE: the WN gloss mentions 'meet at a point' - this includes meeting at a point for thin lines, but also includes meeting at an 'intersection' that occupies some physical space,such as a road intersection. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intersect' in WordNet: 1. (7) intersect, cross - (meet at a point) WN noun 'intersection': 6. intersection - (the act of intersecting (as joining by causing your path to intersect your target's path))
Super-classes	Converging^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some GenericLocation^c

Interspersing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interspersing`
Description	''Interspersing'' is the action of placing one or more things into a group of other things so that the thing moved is part of a larger group. This ''Interspersing'' can be oart of a natural process, as when plants grow naturally nearby each other in a Group. This is not necessarily an ''Adding'' action, as rearranging an existing Group may be an instance. 'the class seating was rearranged so that the brighter students were interspersed with the slower ones'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intersperse' in Wordnet: 1. intersperse - (place at intervals in or among; 'intersperse exclamation marks in the text')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c Mixing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value HeterogeneousGroup^c hadObjectModified^op value Group^c

Interstate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interstate

Description

''Interstate'' is an AttributeValue of Events that ocdur in more than one 'state' (country or US state), and of objects such as an ''InterstateHighway'' .

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interstate' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) interstate - (involving and relating to the mutual relations of states 
           especially of the United States; 'Interstate Highway Commission'; 
           'interstate highways'; 'Interstate Commerce Commission'; 'interstate commerce')

Super-classes Shared^c

InterstateHighway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterstateHighway`
Description	An ''InterstateHighway'' is a ''Superhighway'' that links two or more states, and was built with the financial assistance of the US FederalGovernment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interstate highway' in WordNet: 1. interstate, interstate highway - (one of the system of highways linking major cities in the 48 contiguous states of the United States)`
Super-classes	Superhighway^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c connects^op value USA_State^c

Interstellar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interstellar

Description

''Interstellar'' is a pertaining attribute that pertains to the space between stars or things (Object or Events) that may characteristically exist in the space between stars, such as interstellar travel or cosmic radiation.

     NOTE: the term ''SpaceTravel'' is related, though it may be between planets or between
       a planet and its moon.  Perhaps it can be replaced by 'interstellar travel' when 
       that concept is represented in COSMO.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interstellar' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) interstellar - (between or among stars; 
           'the density of hydrogen in interplanetary and interstellar space')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

InterstellarSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterstellarSpace`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interstellar space' in WordNet: 1. interstellar space - (the space between stars)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value GroupOfStars^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Interstellar^c

Intertwined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intertwined

Description

''Intertwined'' is the attribute of a Group of ''CordlikeObject''s or of any one of them that were twisted together in an ''Intertwining'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intertwined' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) intertwined - (twined or twisted together)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Intertwining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intertwining`
Description	A ''Intertwining'' is a ''Twisting'' Action causing two or more ''CordlikeObject''s to form spirals around each other, to form a larger ''CordlikeObject'' having all starting ''CordlikeObject''s as parts. `This does not include the metaphorical senses. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intertwine' in WordNet: 1. (2) intertwine, twine, entwine, enlace, interlace, lace - (spin or twist together so as to form a cord; 'intertwine the ribbons'; 'Twine the threads into a rope')`
Super-classes	Twisting^c Motion^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value CordlikeObject^c produces^op value CordlikeObject^c

InterveningInSpace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterveningInSpace

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'intervening' in Wordnet:
      2. intervening - (standing between or separating two objects or areas; 
        'Paris--where the same city lies on both sides of an intervening river';
        'after reaching the top of the hill he looked across an intervening meadow 
        to another line of hills')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InterveningInTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InterveningInTime`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intervening' in Wordnet: 1. intervening - (occurring or falling between events or points in time; 'so much had happened during the intervening years')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Interviewer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interviewer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interviewer' in WordNet: 1. (2) interviewer - (a person who conducts an interview)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Interviewing^c

Interviewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Interviewing`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which one or more agents interviews one or more other agents for the purpose of gathering information (usually about the interviewees, or about something in which they have a vested interest). This includes job interviews and media interviews. Job interviews are more specifically represented by ''JobInterview''. SUMO: A FormalMeeting whose purpose is to acquire information from the interviewee that can be used in a media report. Interviewing includes 'Asking' as a subevent; is it only 'asking'? @ToDo: consider if it is a true subtype. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 an verb senses 1 and 2 of 'interview' in Wordnet: 1. (7) interview - (the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists; 'my interviews with teenagers revealed a weakening of religious bonds') 2. (3) consultation, audience, interview - (a conference (usually with someone important); 'he had a consultation with the judge'; 'he requested an audience with the king') WN verb 'interview': 1. (8) interview, question - (conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting) 2. (5) interview - (discuss formally with (somebody) for the purpose of an evaluation; 'We interviewed the job candidates')
Super-classes	Asking^c InformationGathering^c FormalMeeting^c
Sub-classes	Debriefing^c

Intestate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intestate

Description

''Intestate'' can apply to a living or a dead Person, whether living without a Will or having died without a Will.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intestate' in Wordnet:
          1. intestate - (having made no legally valid will before death or not disposed of
             by a legal will; 'he died intestate'; 'intestate property')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Intestinal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intestinal

Description

''Intestinal'' pertains to an ''Intestine'' and things present in or characteristic of or occurring in an ''Intestine''.

        Corresponds to attribute sense 1 of 'intestinal' in WordNet:
          1. intestinal, enteric, enteral - (of or relating to or inside the intestines; 'intestinal disease')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IntestinalGas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntestinalGas`
Description	''IntestialGas'' is a mixture of gases of varied composition produced by and present in the ''Intestine'' of some animal. It often contains ''HydrogenSulfide'' ('rotten egg odor');by default this assumes that some.(perhaps only a trace of) ''HydrogenSulfide'' is contained.
Super-classes	GasMixture^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Intestine^c hasComponentSubstance^op value HydrogenSulfide^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Intestine^c

Intestine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intestine`
Description	The part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus. Same as 'bowels'. `In WordNet 'Bowel' and 'Intestine' are listed in the singular. The type can be thought (and is often referred to as) a plural because it includes the small and large intestine (singular). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowel' and sense 1 of 'intestine' and sense 1 of 'gut' in WordNet: 1. intestine, bowel, gut - (the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus)`
Super-classes	InternalOrgan^c Sac-Organic^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value AlimentaryCanal^c
Sub-classes	Jejunum^c LargeIntestine^c Colon-BodyPart^c SmallIntestine^c Rectum^c Ileum^c Cecum^c

Intimacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intimacy`
Description	''Intimacy'' is state and Feeling in which two or more people are very close and very friendly with another person,knowing and sharing personal things and feelings. The state in which people (usually only two) are intimate with each other. This can be applied to very close-knit families. `RHW: 1. the state of being intimate. This does not include the sexual meaning of 'intimacy' as having sexual relations. That relation would be a separate type. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'intimacy' in WordNet: 3. closeness, intimacy - (a feeling of being intimate and belonging together; 'their closeness grew as the night wore on')`
Super-classes	Friendliness^c Friendship^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intimate^c
Sub-classes	Togetherness^c

Intimate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intimate

Description

''Intimate'' is the attribute of a person who is very close and very friendly with another person: 'an intimate friend' It also applies to pairs of people: 'an intimate couple' It can also be used to refer to the relation between two people: 'an intimate relation with X'

     Includes a narrow part of 'close-knit'.  perhaps should be a supertype.
        RHW 'close-knit' adj. tightly united, connected, or organized

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intimate' in WordNet:
           1. (5) intimate - (marked by close acquaintance, association,
                or familiarity; 'intimate friend'; 'intimate relations 
                between economics, politics, and legal principles' - V.L. Parrington)
         WN adj 'close-knit':
            1. close-knit, closely knit - (held together as by social or cultural ties;
              'a close-knit family'; 'close-knit little villages'; 'the group was closely knit')

Super-classes Friendly^c

Intimately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intimately

Description

This sense of ''Intimately'' is not for social or personal intimacy, but for being 'close' in some conceptual relation.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intimately' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) closely, intimately, nearly - (in a close manner; 
              'the two phenomena are intimately connected'; 'the person most nearly concerned')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

IntimidatingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntimidatingaPerson`
Description	''IntimidatingaPerson'' is a ''FrighteningEvent'' that is a deliberate act of a Person who speaks or acts with the intention of causing another Person to do (or refrain fo doing) something to avoid being physically harmed. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'intimidate' in WordNet: 1. (2) intimidate - (make timid or fearful; 'Her boss intimidates her') 2. (1) intimidate, restrain - (to compel or deter by or as if by threats) WN noun 'intimidation': 4. determent, deterrence, intimidation - (a communication that makes you afraid to try something)`
Super-classes	FrighteningEvent^c KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Action^c hasSubEvent^op value MakingAThreat^c
Sub-classes	Bullying^c

Intolerance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intolerance`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'intolerance' in WordNet: 2. intolerance - (unwillingness to recognize and respect differences in opinions or beliefs)`
Super-classes	Bias^c
Sub-classes	Fanaticism^c Bigotry^c

Intonation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intonation`
Description	''Intonation'' is a ''PronunciationManner'' (a ''MannerOfSpeaking'') characterized by the pattern of pitches within the syllables of words. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intonation' in WordNet: 1. (9) intonation, modulation, pitch contour - (rise and fall of the voice pitch)`
Super-classes	MannerOfSpeaking^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Pitch^c

Intoxicated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intoxicated`
Description	An AttributeValue of vertebrates that can show behavioral evidence of being influenced by some toxic material. This is for any kind of toxicity, not just from alcohol. For alcohol-specific intoxication, use the subtype 'Drunk'. This type includes 'intoxicated' by drugs ('high'). `NOTE: this 'intoxicated is general for drugs and alcohol, but should be used only for drugs - For alcohol intoxication use subtype ''Drunk''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intoxicated' in Wordnet: 1. intoxicated, drunk, inebriated - (stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol); 'a noisy crowd of intoxicated sailors'; 'helplessly inebriated')`
Super-classes	BiologicalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Drunk^c Stoned^c

Intoxicating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intoxicating

Description

''Intoxicating'' is an attribute of PhysicalObjects or Substances (e.g. ''AlcogolicBeverage''s) or Actions that can cause ''Inebriation''.
The more general type of things that can cause ''Intoxication'' that is not ''Inebriation'' is not yet (rev1659) represented.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intoxicating' in Wordnet:
      1. intoxicant, intoxicating - (able to intoxicate)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

IntoxicatingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntoxicatingAnAgent`
Description	''IntoxicatingAnAgent'' is an Action that causes an Agent (usually a Person) to become 'intoxicated' by ingestion of ''AlcoholicBeverage''s or drugs, but this excludes 'intoxication' by ingestion of poisonous substances that are not ingested for the purpose of producing some relaxing or eupohoric Feeling. `NOTE: the WN synset 2 for subtype ''MakingSomeoneDrunk'' is included to indicate that this sense includes that sense, but for specificity the alcohol intoxication whould use only 'intoxicate' sense 2 reprented by ''MakingSomeoneDrunk''. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'intoxicate' (which can be differetiated when needed) in WordNet: 2. intoxicate, soak, inebriate - (make drunk (with alcoholic drinks)) 3. intoxicate - (have an intoxicating effect on, of a drug)`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Intoxicated^c
Sub-classes	MakingSomeoneDrunk^c

IntraBuildingTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntraBuildingTransportationDevice`
Description	Devices used to move people or goods within a building
Super-classes	TransportationDevice^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Elevator^c

Intractability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intractability`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intractability' in WordNet: 1. intractability, intractableness - (the trait of being hard to influence or control)`
Super-classes	Trait^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Intractable^c
Sub-classes	Defiance^c

Intractable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intractable

Description

This ''Intractable'' can characterize stubborn animals or devices that do not perform as expected, or amore abstract things like pain.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intractable' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) intractable - (not tractable; difficult to manage or mold; 
            'an intractable disposition'; 'intractable pain'; 'the most intractable issue of our era'; 
               'intractable metal')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Intranet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intranet`
Description	An ''Intranet'' is a ''ComputerNetwork'' using private lines of communication within some Organization or private facility, not directly accessible from outside the local group of commuters included, and not directly connected to the ''Internet'' other than by means of an intermediary 'proxy server' that serves to enhance security from external threats. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intranet' in WordNet: 1. intranet - (a restricted computer network; a private network created using World Wide Web software)`
Super-classes	ComputerNetwork^c Path-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Private^c servesAsaPathFor^op value NetworkCommunication^c servesAsaPathFor^op value ComputerFile-Abstract^c hasPart^op value DigitalComputer^c

Intransigence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intransigence`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intransigence' in WordNet: 1. (1) intransigency, intransigence - (the trait of being intransigent; stubbornly refusing to compromise)`
Super-classes	Obstinacy^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Intransigent^c

Intransigent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intransigent

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adamant' in Wordnet:
      1. (2) adamant, adamantine, inexorable, intransigent -
         (impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason; 
         'he is adamant in his refusal to change his mind'; " Cynthia was inexorable;
         she would have none of him " - W.Churchill; 'an intransigent conservative 
         opposed to every liberal tendency')

Super-classes Obstinate^c

IntransitiveEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntransitiveEvent`
Description	An ''IntransitiveEvent'' is an ''Event'' in which the grammatical 'subject' is also the 'object', and has no other direct objects.
Super-classes	Action^c
Sub-classes	DiminishingEvent^c HavingAnAttribute^c

IntransitiveEventType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntransitiveEventType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of an intransitive Action (an ''Undergoing'' that has a 'patient' role, something experiencing a change) as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	BecomingAffiliated Buildup BecomingStronger FracturingaBone Shattering SplittingApart Dissolving Accretion Convening SucceedingAnAgent IntransitiveEvent Supplanting Overworking DiminishingEvent BeingSurrounded ComingApart BecomingNormal Development BuildingUpAnAccumulation BecomingTarnished PsychologicalBurnout ThrashingAbout

Intravenous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intravenous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intravenous' in Wordnet: 1. intravenous, endovenous - (within or by means of a vein; 'an intravenous inflammation'; 'intravenous feeding')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Intricate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intricate

Description

''Intricate'' characterizes something that is not only itself ''Complex'' but also has at least one ''Complex'' component.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intricate' in Wordnet:
         1. (7) intricate - (having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate;
              'intricate lacework')

Super-classes Complex^c

Intriguing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intriguing

Description

''Intriguing'' (syn. 'enchanting') is an AttributeValue of something that causes a Feeling of ''Enchantment'' in a Person, a more intense feeling than one of just being 'interested', that includes some degree of ''Pleasure''.

         scheme, intrigue, conniv

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'intriguing' in Wordnet:
          2. intriguing - (capable of arousing interest or curiosity;
             'our team came up with some most intriguing finds')

Super-classes Interesting^c

Intrinsic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intrinsic

Description

''Intrinsic''is an attribute of Things (properties or parts) are caused by or due to the properties and components of a thing in itself, and do not dependent on the relations of things to other things. Loctions and participation in Events are not 'intrinsic'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intrinsic' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) intrinsic, intrinsical - (belonging to a thing by its very nature; 
            'form was treated as something intrinsic, as the very essence of the thing'- John Dewey)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntrinsicStateChangeEvent`
Description	An ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' is specifically for intransitive changes, where the main actor in causing the change is the thing changing. An ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' can be prompted by external Events (and usually is, as by learning things), but is not a necessary result of external events. If an ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' is commonly prompted by a specific external Event, that type of Evetn can be pointed to by a ''mayBeCausedBy'' relation. CYC: A specialization of #$Event-Localized. Each instance of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent is an event characterized primarily by a change in some intrinsic property of at least one main actor involved in the event. Such intrinsic changes may include changes of a thing's color, temperature, device state, or size. Events where the main change is extrinsic (such as a change in location or ownership) are not instances of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In events which have more than one actor, the event may be an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent for one actor but not for another. For example, in a #$FasteningSafetyBelt event, the #$SafetySeatBelt (the device used) goes from unconnected to connected (to itself), which is an intrinsic change; however, the agent who does the fastening does not change intrinsically, but only in his configuration to the belt, an external object. Another example: in a #$HairCuttingEvent, the hair that is cut undergoes an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent due to its role in that kind of event, but the barber undergoes no intrinsic change due to the hair cutting. Note that some events, such as an ice cube melting into a small puddle of water, could be represented either as an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent or as a #$PhysicalTransformationEvent, but not (within a single micro-theory) as both.
Super-classes	Undergoing^c ChangeOfState^c
Sub-classes	FillingEvent^c Lengthening^c Undermining^c Hardening^c ChangingPosture^c BecomingUnstable^c Firework-Display^c LosingCulturalHeritage^c ClosingSomething^c OpeningSomething^c Unpacking^c BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c ConservingAnObject^c HumidifyingAir^c ImprovementEvent^c BecomingOpen^c CrackingEvent^c WorseningEvent^c Shortening^c ChangingaBelief^c TemperatureChangingProcess^c Mummifying^c BecomingStable^c ChangingMoods^c ChangingDeviceState^c Softening^c Dyeing^c Smoothening^c ContaminationEvent^c SplittingInTwo^c Weathering^c FillingWithFluid^c Loosening^c EmptyingEvent^c GettingBetter^c Tightening^c ShapeChange^c BodilyResponse^c

IntroducingPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntroducingPeople`
Description	A ''IntroducingPeople'' is a ''PublicSpeaking'' that is performed at some social occasion (including public performances) by a Person acting as (formally or informally) a ''MasterOfCeremonies'' to control the timing of events for some audience. This is for public speaking, not for introducing one or two people to another at a private occasion. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'introduce' in WordNet, (in front of an audience), and is also broader, not necessarily intended to get two people to know each other, just to get an audience to know who the next performer is.: 1. (22) introduce, present, acquaint - (cause to come to know personally; 'permit me to acquaint you with my son'; 'introduce the new neighbors to the community')`
Super-classes	PublicSpeaking^c Informing^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op some GroupOfPeople^c

IntroducingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntroducingSomeone`
Description	Each 'IntroducingSomeone' is an Action in which one Person who is acquainted with two other people mediates the first meeting of those two other people, by telling each the name of the other person, and possibly also some other information. This is usually done in person, but this type includes the case where people are geographically separated and are communicating by electronic means, whether telephone conference call or video conference. To be an instance of this type, the two people 'meeting' for the first time must be able to speak directly to each other, in the presence (virtual or physical) of the person doing the introducing. An 'introduction' in a virtual reality setting is still an instance of this type, thought the personae of the people being introduced may differ from their real-lilfe personae.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'introduce' and noun sense 3 of 'introduction' in WordNet: WN verb 'introduce' 1. (22) introduce, present, acquaint - (cause to come to know personally; 'permit me to acquaint you with my son'; 'introduce the new neighbors to the community') WN nound 'introduction' 3. (1) presentation, introduction, intro - (formally making a person known to another or to the public)`
Super-classes	SociabilityBasedAction^c OralConversation^c
Sub-classes	ReIntroducing^c

IntroductionToDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntroductionToDocument`
Description	Each 'IntroductionToDocument' is an abstract text that is the 'introduction' part of some AbstractDocument. This should be marked by a segment heading 'Introduction' or something similar. `NOTE: if a document has an ''IntroductionToDocument'' and a ''Preface'' the ''Preface'' will typically precede the introduction. This is approximately similar to senses 1 of 'introduction' in WordNet: 1. (3) introduction - (the first section of a communication)`
Super-classes	DocumentPart^c AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some AbstractDocument^c
Sub-classes	Preface^c

Introductory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Introductory

Description

''Introductory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that can pertain to the 'introductory' part of a document or an 'introductory text' or the introductory part of a lesson or series of lessons, among other things.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'introductory' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) introductory - (serving to open or begin; 'began the slide show
              with some introductory remarks')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IntroductoryText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntroductoryText`
Description	An ''IntroductoryText'' is a 'TextBook-Abstract' that is ''Basic-Introductory'' and covers the most 'basic' aspects of a Field. 'chemistry 101' `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'introduction' in WordNet: 4. (1) introduction - (a basic or elementary instructional text)`
Super-classes	TextBook-Abstract^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Basic-Introductory^c

Introspection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Introspection`
Description	'Introspection' is a form of ''Meditating'' about some internal Feelings or behaviors or attributes or attitudes of oneself . `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'introspect' in WordNet: 1. introspect - (reflect on one's own thoughts and feelings) WN noun 'introspection': 1. introspection, self-contemplation, self-examination - (the contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct)`
Super-classes	Meditating^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c hasTopic^op value SituationProcessEventOrState^c

Intruder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intruder`
Description	An ''Intruder'' is a ''Person'' who has performed an Action of ''Intruding'' or of 'Trespassing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intruder' in WordNet: 1. (1) intruder, interloper, trespasser - (someone who intrudes on the privacy or property of another without permission)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op only (Intruding^c or Trespassing^c)
Sub-classes	Squatter^c GateCrasher^c

Intruding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intruding`
Description	''Intruding' is an ''EnteringSomething'' (usually a ''Room'', but possibly an otdoor gathering) where one or more people are present, when such entry is uninvited and unwelcome. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intrude' in WordNet: 1. (2) intrude, irrupt - (enter uninvited; "They intruded on our dinner party"; "She irrupted into our sitting room")`
Super-classes	EnteringSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Intruder^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwelcome^c
Sub-classes	BargingIn^c

Intrusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intrusion`
Description	This ''Intrusion'' is an ''EnteringSomething'' that is unwelcome to some other Agent, who considers the thing entered (abstract or physical) to be hisher 'property' or 'right' or 'territory'. 'he intruded on my fan base' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intrude on' in Wordnet: 1. intrude on, invade, obtrude upon, encroach upon - (to intrude upon, infringe, encroach on, violate; 'This new colleague invades my territory'; 'The neighbors intrude on your privacy')`
Super-classes	EnteringSomething^c
Sub-classes	Inroads^c

Intrusive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intrusive

Description

''Intrusive'' is an AttributeValue of an ''Intruding'' Action in which someone either enters a private place uninvited, or of a ''PryingAction'', and also characterizes the Person doing such actions.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intrusive' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) intrusive - (tending to intrude (especially upon privacy); 
              'she felt her presence there was intrusive')

Super-classes MotionAttribute^c

Intuiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intuiting`
Description	''Intuiting'' is a ''Believing'' which the Agent who believes something has arrived at that ''Believing'' by 'ThinkingIntuitively''. NOTE that the 'topic' here is specified as both a ''Suspicion'' (a weak belief) and a as ''Knowledge''. In this case, ''Knowledge'' is used loosely to include any level of knowing with widely varying degrees of evidence. In WordNet, 'intuiting' is a subtype of knowing, but in COSMO this is a subtype of ''''Believing''' (believing something) that may be mistaken or may be accurate, but is not arrived at by ''Reasoning'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intuit' in WordNet: 1. intuit - (know or grasp by intuition or feeling)
Super-classes	Believing^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Cognizant^c hasTopic^op some Suspicion^c isPerformedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c hasTopic^op some Knowledge^c

Intuition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intuition

Description

''Intuition'' is a ''BasicCognitiveProcess'' that uses rapid ''pattern matching'' that derives conclusions or beliefs - weak or strong - from a multistep interaction of neural impulses, in which the steps are not explicitly recognized inconsciousness and cannot be traced. This is distinguished from ''Reasoning'' where the steps that lead to a conclusion are explicitly considered in consciousness.

      This is an ''Intuitive'' thinking process, distinguished from the ''Analytical'' process
         of ''Reasoning''.
      The dichotomy between ''Intuition'' and ''Reasoning'  is similar to that described
        by Kahnemann in the book " Thinking Fast and Slow ".

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intuition' in WordNet:
          1. (4) intuition - (instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes))

Super-classes BasicCognitiveProcess^c

Intuitive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Intuitive

Description

''Intuitive'' is an attribute applied to ''Mental'' Actions that use ''Intuition'', the rapid thought process that does not attempt to use mathematical or logical methods, but rapidly draws consclusions from one or more pieces of information or feelings based on memories or past experience in a manner that does not conduce to explaining the explicit considerations leading to the conclusion.

     This attribute contrasts with the ''Analytical'' thought process in which 
     the mind explicitly and consciously consider the parts of things and their relations to infer
     conclusions allowing specification of the individual steps used in reaching
     a conclusion from input information.
       This dichotomy is similar to that described by Kahnemann in the book " Thinking Fast and Slow ".


      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'intitive' in Wordnet:
        2. intuitive, nonrational, visceral - (obtained through intuition rather than
            from reasoning or observation)

Super-classes Mental^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

IntuitiveThought^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IntuitiveThought

Description

An ''IntuitiveThought'' is a ''Notion'' produced by the intuitive thought process represented as ''Intuition''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunch' in WordNet:
         1. (6) intuition, hunch, suspicion -
            (an impression that something might be the case; 'he had an intuition 
              that something had gone wrong')

Super-classes Notion^c

Invader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invader`
Description	An ''Invader'' is a ''MilitaryOrganization'' that performs a ''MilitaryInvasion''. If a Country controls the ''MilitaryOrganization'', thta ''Country'' cold also be termed the ''Invader''. @ToDO: this type should be widened to include that possible use. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'invader' in WordNet: 1. (2) invader, encroacher - (someone who enters by force in order to conquer)`
Super-classes	MilitaryOrganization^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MilitaryInvasion^c

Invalid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invalid`
Description	''Invalid'' is a property of a Document or Right that no longer is or never was ''Valid''. IT may have expired or have been invalid because it was a forgery or wrongly issued.. `the WN senses seem to have been mixed up - 'invalid reasoning' is not related to an 'invalid driver's license'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'invaid' and adjective sense 1 of 'void' in WordNet: 1. invalid - (having no cogency or legal force; 'invalid reasoning'; 'an invalid driver's license') 2. invalid - (no longer valid; 'the license is invalid') WN adj 'void': 1. (1) null, void - (lacking any legal or binding force; 'null and void')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c Unuseable^c
Sub-classes	Cancelled^c Expired^c

Invalidating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invalidating`
Description	''Invalidating'' is a ''Modification' of something that can take attributes 'valid' or 'invalid' so that the object becomes invalid. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'invalidate' in WordNet: 4. invalidate, void, vitiate - (take away the legal force of or render ineffective; 'invalidate a contract')`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Invalid^c

Invaluable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invaluable

Description

Something ''Invaluable'' has a high degree of personal or institutional or cultural value such that no monetary value can express its value to the agent(s) to whom it is precious. This term is commonly used for things that are unique and irreplaceable.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invaluable' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) invaluable, priceless - (having incalculable monetary,
                intellectual, or spiritual worth)

Super-classes Valuable^c

Invariable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invariable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invariable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) invariable - (not liable to or capable of change; 'an invariable temperature'; 'an invariable rule'; 'his invariable courtesy')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Invariably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invariably

Description

''Invariably'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions to assert that those facts always or in each instance have the characteritic followin this adverb.

      NOTE: 'invariably' can also be expressed in some situations as 'always' thought that
         word is not given as a synonym in WordNet.  In RHW it is a synonym:
       RHW'always';
        Syn.1. regularly, invariably, consistently. 2, 3. perpetually, everlastingly, continuously

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'invariably' in Wordnet:
         1. (12) invariably - (in an invariable manner; 'invariably, he would forget his keys')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Invasive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invasive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invasive' in Wordnet: 1. invasive - (relating to a technique in which the body is entered by puncture or incision)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InventingAsAnOccupation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InventingAsAnOccupation`
Description	The Occupation of inventing things for profit.
Super-classes	Occupation^c

InventingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InventingEvent`
Description	An Event in which some Device is invented. This could take place slowly over a period of time. `@ToDo: this produes the 'ides' for some new Device - how to say that in OWL? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'invent' in WordNet and noun sense 3 of 'invention': in WordNet: 1. (15) invent, contrive, devise, excogitate, formulate, forge - (come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort; 'excogitate a way to measure the speed of light') WN noun 'invention': 3. (3) invention - (the act of inventing)`
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c Conception^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Inventor^c

Invention^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invention`
Description	Each instance is a Specification for a Device or Process in its Role as an Invention. To refer to a device or process as an invention, one can add the type 'InventionType' to the type (OWL class) and then refer to that type. See 'ThomasAlvaEdison' for an examnple of usage. `This is approximately sense 2 of 'invention' in WordNet, however, as a metatype it has no direct connection to any other type in Wordnet: 2. (6) invention, innovation - (a creation (a new device or process)resulting from study and experimentation) resulting from study and experimentation)`
Super-classes	Specification^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Novel-New^c

InventionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InventionType`
Description	A Device or Process in its Role as an Invention. To refer to a device or process as an invention, one can add the type 'InventionType' to the type (OWL class) and then refer to that type. See 'ThomasAlvaEdison' for an examnple of usage. `This is approximately sense 2 of 'invention' in WordNet, however, as a metatype it has no direct connection to any other type in WordNet: 2. (6) invention, innovation - (a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation)`
Super-classes	GroupType^c ObjectType^c SpecificationType^c
In range of	invented^op
Members	SteamEngine LightBulbIncandescent LightEmittingComponent Invention

Inventor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inventor`
Description	A person who is the first to create or at least design some type of device that does something useful or at least interesting. Is related to the invention by the 'invented' relation. `This corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'inventor' and to sense 1 of 'discoverer' in WordNet - interpreted as meaning 'inventor of a device': in WordNet: 1. inventor, discoverer, artificer - (someone who is the first to think of or make something)`
Super-classes	Innovator^c Scientist^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value InventingAsAnOccupation^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThomasAlvaEdison http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JamesWatt

Inventory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inventory`
Description	An ''Inventory'' is any List (an abstract object) of all of the PhysicalObjects (usually ''ProductObject''s) in some location(s) accesible to some Person. Most commonly used for the list of items a merchant has available for sale; but the usage varies with the type of objects on the list. `This is the abstract list (sense 1); the actual group of PhysicalObjects (''Merchandise'') available is represented as ''Stock''.` @mod43 This is the most general sense, but this type can be used for the most common commercial meaning. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inventory' in WordNet: 1. (5) inventory, stock list - (a detailed list of all the items in stock)`
Super-classes	List^c Series^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Stock^c

InvertAndShakeAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InvertAndShakeAction`
Description	Each instance of 'InvertAndShakeAction' is an 'ActionSeries' in which an 'InvertingSomething' Action is followed by a 'ShakingSomething' Action, and the 'something' that is the object of both of those Actions is the same object, and the Agent that does the inverting and shaking does not release the object between those two Actions in the Series..
Super-classes	ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some ShakingSomething^c hasFirstElement^op some InvertingSomething^c

Invertebrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invertebrate`
Description	A specialization of #$Poikilotherm. Each instance of #$Invertebrate is an animal that lacks a backbone (i.e. has no spinal column). #$Invertebrate includes insects, molluscs, sea squirts, worms (in a large variety of worm phyla), and many others. Note: Although #$Invertebrate is a scientific category, it is not a standard taxon in the biological taxonomy, hence it is not an instance of #$BiologicalTaxon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'invertebrate' in WordNet: 1. invertebrate - (any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification)`
Super-classes	Poikilotherm^c NonHumanAnimal^c WildAnimal^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	Worm^c Mollusk^c Bug^c Radiata^c Shellfish^c Arthropod^c Sponge^c Larva^c

InvertingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InvertingSomething`
Description	Each 'InvertingSomething' is a transitive Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to turn upside-down, so that what was on top is now on bottom, and vice-versa; to turn something upside-down. `NOTE: the WN synset includes ''Inside-Out'' inversions,but that is not included here; it is represented by ''TurningSomethingInsideOut''. This is more specific than sense 2 of 'invert', corresponding only to the upside-down inversion. in WordNet: 2. turn back, invert, reverse - (turn inside out or upside down) WN noun 'inversion': 8. inversion, upending - (turning upside down; setting on end)`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c UpsideDownInversion^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value UpsideDownInversion^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Upside-Down^c hasObjectMoved^op value TopAndBottomSidedObject^c

Investigation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Investigation`
Description	Collection of all instances of human inquiry where what is being sought is a deeper understanding of the nature of some #$Thing. The subject of investigation could in principle be any one of a wide variety of entities: a philosophical problem, a criminal act, a natural phenomenon, etc.. The phenomenon under investigation may be actual or merely putative within the context of the representation. Also, the nature of the thing being investigated may be substantially different from what the #$investigatingAgent believes it to be. Various subtypes of ''Inquiring'' such as ''Examining'', 'testing' (''TestingEvent''), ''Inspection'', ''Investigation'' all have overlapping elements and are not yet (rev1153) fully distinguished. In SUMO: 'Investigating': The class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses where the agent attempts to obtaina information (i.e. a Proposition denoted by a Formula) COSMO note: this type of inquiry can be by asking an agent for information, scuentific research, or by a legal or legislative investigation, and similar actions. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'investigate' and sense 3 of 'inquiry' and sense 3 of 'inquire' and noun sense 2 of 'investigation' in WordNet: 1. (18) investigate, look into - - (investigate scientifically; 'Let's investigate the syntax of Chinese') 2. (11) investigate, inquire, enquire - - (conduct an inquiry or investigation of; 'The district attorney's office investigated reports of possible irregularities'; 'inquire into the disappearance of the rich old lady') WN noun 'inquiry': 3. (2) inquiry, enquiry - (a systematic investigation of a matter of public interest) WN noun 'investigation': 2. (8) investigation, investigating - (the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically)
Super-classes	Inquiring^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	NewsGathering^c Research^c AnalyzingSomething^c CheckingSomething^c Surveying^c Spying^c CriminalInvestigationEvent^c Inquest^c

Investigative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Investigative

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'investigative' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) fact-finding, investigative, investigatory - (designed to find information 
           or ascertain facts; 'a fact-finding committee'; 'investigative reporting')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Investigator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Investigator`
Description	''Investigator'' is a general term or an adult person who performs some type of ''Investigation'' as a large or principle part of her/his profession. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'investigator' in WordNet: 2. (1) investigator - (someone who investigates)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c ProfessionalPerson^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Investigation^c
Sub-classes	Researcher^c PrivateEye^c NewsCorrespondent^c PoliceInvestigator^c Detective^c

Investing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Investing`
Description	The act of buying an ''Investment' type asset. The asset can be a PhysicalObject (e.g. 'collectible' or 'gold') or any kind of monetary instrument such as a stock or bond or interest in an enterprise. CYC: A specialization of #$Buying. Each instance of #$Investing is an event in which an agent buys something (e.g. #$Stock, #$PreciousMetal, #$Antiques, or a stake in some #$BusinessRelationshipActivity) in the expectation that that thing will increase in #$MonetaryValue over time. Note that #$Investing is disjoint with #$Spending (q.v.). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'invest' in Wordnet: 1. (7) invest, put, commit, place - (make an investment; 'Put money into bonds') WN noun 'investing': 1. investing, investment - (the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit)
Super-classes	MoneyTransaction^c BusinessEvent^c Buying^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPaid^op some Capital^c hadObjectObtained^op some Investment^c
Sub-classes	TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities^c LeveragingAnInvestment^c

Investment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Investment`
Description	An ''Investment'' is an ''Asset'' that has been bought in an act of ''Investing'' for the purpose of keeping some quantity of money in a form that can appreciate over time. An ''Investment'' may be something (as art work) that is not easily converted to cash - i.e. it is not necessarily a liquid asset. `The closest WordNet concept is sense 2 of 'investment' (but this is not a subtype of 'money' as suggested by the gloss): in Wordnet: 2. (5) investment, investment funds - (money that is invested with an expectation of profit)`
Super-classes	Role^c Asset^c
Restrictions	wasObtainedInAction^op some Investing^c

Investor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Investor`
Description	An ''Investor'' is a Person who buys (or puts money toward) an ''Investment'', expecting to receive back more than s/he invested. `ToDo: subtype of 'capitalist'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'investor' in WordNet: 1. (3) investor - (someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Investing^c
Sub-classes	Shareholder^c Capitalist^c

Invincible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invincible

Description

''Invincible'' is a subattribute of ''HardToResist'' for ''IntentionalAgent''s that can perform actions against resisting agents or forces and (almost) always succeed.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invincible' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) invincible, unbeatable, unvanquishable - (incapable
             of being overcome or subdued; 'an invincible army';
             'her invincible spirit')

Super-classes Overwhelming^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Invisible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invisible`
Description	'Invisible' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event or of an AttributeValue of some object, that can in theory be seen with the human eye (perhaps with the aid of optical devices), but cannot be seen in the given context. . Things that are hidden, either inside a space not humanly accessible, or hidden by a barrier, will be 'Invisible' in this sense. This AttributeValue will be true or not depending on circumstances, such as being in the right location, so it needs to be interpreted as 'Visible to some specific person(s)', or from a certain perspective. NOTE that Invisible things are still Detectable, at least in principle or under some circumstances, if it can in any way influence the real world. For the case of 'Hidden' things, they are Invisible only from a certain perspective, and that perspective needs to be specified in some way @ToDo - now? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invisible' in WordNet: 1. (8) invisible, unseeable - (impossible or nearly impossible to see; imperceptible by the eye; 'the invisible man'; 'invisible rays'; 'an invisible hinge'; 'invisible mending')
Super-classes	Inconspicuous^c Detectable^c
Sub-classes	Hidden^c Implied^c

Invitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Invitation`
Description	An abstract LinguisticAssertion that asserts that one or more persons are welcome to participate in some activity. This type represents the actual words (abstract symbols) that were used to convey the meaning of the invitation (although the words may be only a summary of the original Communication). This is the broad meaning of 'invitation', including invitation to join a group, not only the invitation to attend a social function. Each Invitation is created by some InvitingAction, which is a Communication and a Request. `NOTE that 'Request' is an Event, and therefore is not an Object, as is this type. The Cyc term 'Invitation-IBT' is more narrowly representative of invitations to attend an event - see 'InvitationToAnEvent'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'invitation' in WordNet: 1. (5) invitation - (a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something; 'an invitation to lunch'; 'she threw the invitation away')`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Sub-classes	InvitationToAnEvent^c

InvitationToAnEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InvitationToAnEvent

Description

An Invitation asserts that one or more persons are welcome to attend some 'SocialGathering'. This type represents the actual words (abstract symbols) that were used to convey the meaning of the invitation.

  The Cyc term is 'Invitation-IBT'.
  Cyc: The IBT bearing a message to some agent that asks
        the individual to attend a particular event.

  Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'invitation' in WordNet:
     1. (5) invitation - (a request (spoken or written) to participate 
         or be present or take part in something; 'an invitation to lunch';
         'she threw the invitation away')

Super-classes Invitation^c

Inviting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inviting

Description

''Inviting'' is the attribute of something (object or Event) that is 'Tempting' in providing temptation to perform some Action that lasts more than a few minutes (such as would a small dish of food or dessert). Vague, but is often used for places that 'invite' one to enter because of their attractiveness or the Actions occurring there: 'an inviting restaurant'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inviting' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) inviting - (attractive and tempting; 'an inviting offer')

Super-classes Tempting^c
Attractive^c

InvitingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InvitingAction`
Description	Each 'InvitingAction' is a Communication in some form - oral, written, telegraphed, or otherwise transmitted to the parties being invited. This is an invitation in the broad sense, including invitations to join a group, or to participate in some activity, as well as invitations to attend a social function. Each InvitingAction creates an Invitation, which is a LinguisticAssertion. The Cyc type 'Inviting-CommunicationAct' more narrowly represents an invitation to participate in an event. For that more specific sense, use 'InvitingToAnEvent' This type includes senses 1, 5, 6 and 7 of 'invite' in Wordnet, but also includes actions not represented in the Wordnet sense list, such as inviting to join a group. in WordNet: 2. (6) invite, ask over, ask round - (invite someone to one's house; 'Can I invite you for dinner on Sunday night?') 5. (3) invite, pay for - (have as a guest; 'I invited them to a restaurant') 6. (2) invite, ask in - (ask to enter; 'We invited the neighbors in for a cup of coffee') 7. (2) invite, call for - (request the participation or presence of; 'The organizers invite submissions of papers for the conference')
Super-classes	Requesting^c Communication^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Invitation^c

InvitingToAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InvitingToAnEvent`
Description	Each InvitingToAnEvent is an 'InvitingAction' informing one or more People that they are welcome to attend some 'SocialGathering'. Cyc: ('Inviting-CommunicationAct') Issuing an invitation to someone. The host suggesting that someone attend or participate in a specific event. This type includes senses 1, 5, and 6 of 'invite' in Wordnet, but also includes actions not represented in the Wordnet sense list, such as inviting to join a group. in WordNet: 2. (6) invite, ask over, ask round - (invite someone to one's house; 'Can I invite you for dinner on Sunday night?') 5. (3) invite, pay for - (have as a guest; 'I invited them to a restaurant') 6. (2) invite, ask in - (ask to enter; 'We invited the neighbors in for a cup of coffee')
Super-classes	Communication^c
Restrictions	produced^op some InvitationToAnEvent^c

Involuntary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Involuntary

Description

An attribute of Actions that specifies either that an Agent performed the Action with no forethought; due to automatic actions performed by the body without any thought given ahead of the action; or that it was performed by the autonomous systems of the body, or that it was performed because it was forced by compulsion of another agent. In the latter case, Actions Forced and involuntary have both of those attributes associated.. These can be broken out as subtypes.

    Includes both adjective senses of 'involuntary' in WordNet:
      1. (1) involuntary, nonvoluntary, unvoluntary - (not subject to the control of the will;
         'involuntary manslaughter'; 'involuntary servitude'; 'an involuntary shudder';
         'It (becoming a hero) was involuntary. They sank my boat'- John F.Kennedy)
      2. involuntary - (controlled by the autonomic nervous system; without conscious control;
          'involuntary muscles'; 'gave an involuntary start')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InvoluntaryBodyMovement`
Description	CYC: The collection of involuntary bodily movements, those movements in which an #$Animal's body does the action automatically - the agent's consent doesn't enter into it. Subsets of #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement include #$Heartbeating, #$Sneezing, #$Snoring, etc. `This type is considered in COSMO as a form of 'reflex', which is also involuntary movement. The 'stimulus' mentioned in the WN gloss need not be evident, as with the subtype ''Hiccup''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reflex' in Wordnet: 1. (5) reflex, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned reflex, physiological reaction - (an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus)`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c BodyMovementEvent^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value Neurotransmitter^c
Sub-classes	ThrashingAbout^c Burping^c Convulsing^c Hiccup^c Yawning^c Snoring^c Ejaculating^c Sneezing^c Vomiting^c Farting^c Trembling^c

Involved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Involved`
Description	''Involved'' is an AttributeValue of an individual thing that has some relation to some Event. This is an attribute of a ''Participant'' in an Event, whose role can usually be directly related to the Event itself by some subproperty of 'hasParticipant'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'involved' in WordNet: 1. (32) involved - (connected by participation or association or use; 'we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved'; 'the problems involved'; 'the involved muscles'; 'I don't want to get involved'; 'everyone involved in the bribery case has been identified')`
Super-classes	Related^c
Sub-classes	HandsOn^c

Involving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Involving

Description

''Involving'' is 'BeingRelated' in a manner more significant than just being part of the same Group..

     Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'involve' in WordNet:
       1. (56) involve, affect, regard - (connect closely and often incriminatingly;
       'This new ruling affects your business')

Super-classes BeingRelated^c

Inward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inward

Description

This AttributeValue is specifically for a motion - physical or abstract that is proceeding toward the inside of something, or to the center of some Region. Note its use in 'TransferIn', which could be a change of possession.

   The adverb 'inwards' has some similar components of meaning.

  The word 'inward' is an Adjective that has a broad
   range of meanings whose general sense is 'proceeding toward
   or located inside the interior of something'.  .

   The list of senses in Random House Webster:
   4. proceeding or directed toward the inside or interior.
   5. situated within or in or on the inside; inner; internal: an inward room.
   6. pertaining to the inside or inner part.
   7. located within the body: the inward parts.
   8. pertaining to the inside of the body: inward convulsions.
   9. inland: inward passage.
   10. mental or spiritual; inner: inward peace.
   11. muffled or indistinct, as the voice.
   12. private or secret.
   13. closely personal; intimate.
   14. Archaic. pertaining to the homeland; domestic.


   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inward' in WordNet:
     2. inbound, inward -
       (directed or moving inward or toward a center; 'the inbound train';
       'inward flood of capital')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
DirectionMeasure^c

Inwardness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Inwardness`
Description	''Inwardness'' is the trait of a Person who is concerned more than average with his/her own internal Feelings and abilities rather than with other people or the outside world in general. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inwardness' in WordNet: 2. inwardness - (preoccupation especially with one's attitudes and ethical or ideological values; 'the sensitiveness of James's characters, their seeming inwardness'; 'Socrates' inwardness, integrity, and inquisitiveness')`
Super-classes	Temperament^c
Sub-classes	Spirituality^c

Iodine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iodine

Description

''Iodine'' is the element having atomic number 53.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iodine' in WordNet:
        1. (17) iodine, iodin, I, atomic number 53 - (a nonmetallic element belonging
        to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes;
        occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks))

Super-classes NonMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
Halogen^c

Ion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ion`
Description	A single submicroscopic physical object, being an atom or bonded atom group with an electric charge due to having more or fewer electrons than the total number of protons in the nuclei. Cyc: A collection of microscopic-scale objects; a subset of #$ChemicalObject. Every instance of #$Ion is an atom or radical which has either a negative or positive net electrical charge, due to having either more or fewer electrons than there are protons in its nuclei. Note: atomic ions violate Cyc's default assumption that instances of #$Atom have a net electrical charge of zero, so #$Ion constitutes a class of exceptions to that rule. SUMO: An electronically charged Atom or Molecule. In other words, a PureSubstance that has lost one of its Electrons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ion' in Wordnet: 1. (31) ion - (a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons)
Super-classes	ChemicalObject^c ChargedParticle^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ElectricallyCharged^c
Sub-classes	Cation^c MetalIon^c Anion^c

Ionized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ionized

Description

''Ionized'' is the attribute of a PhysicalSubstance that is not composed of atoms or molecules that each have a net neutral electrical charge, but is composed of separate positive and negative ions, whether in the solid state or in solution. Being ''Ionized'' or un-ionized affects the way molecules of substances interact with each other.

       NOTE; for an atom or molecule that by itself has an excess of positive or
       negative charge, use ''ElectricallyCharged''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ionized' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) ionized, ionised - (converted totally or partly into ions)

Super-classes ElectricallyCharged^c

IonizingRadiation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IonizingRadiation`
Description	''IonizingRadiation''is any form of ''Radiation'' that can cause ionization of molecules in the objects it passes through. This includes X-rays, gamma rays, alpha or beta radition, and cosmic rays. among others. `RHW: any radiation, as a stream of alpha particles or x-rays, that produces ionization as it passes through a medium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ionizing radiation' in WordNet: 1. ionizing radiation - (high-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes)`
Super-classes	Radiation^c
Sub-classes	BetaRadiation^c AlphaRadiation^c CosmicRay^c GammaRay^c X-Ray^c

Iranian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iranian

Description

''Iranian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Iran'' or a ''IranianPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Iranian' in WordNet:
       1. Iranian, Persian - (of or relating to Iran or its people 
          or language or culture; 'Iranian mountains'; 'Iranian security police')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IranianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IranianPerson`
Description	''IranianPerson'' is a Person orn or residing in ''Iran''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Iranian' in WordNet: 1. Irani, Iranian, Persian - (a native or inhabitant of Iran; 'the majority of Irani are Persian Shiite Muslims')`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iran^c

Iraqi^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iraqi

Description

''Iraqi'' is the attribute of something that pertains to ''Iraqi'' especially the customs, government, or practices.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Iraqi' in WordNet:
         1. Iraqi, Iraki - (of or relating to Iraq or its people or culture; 
             "Iraqi oil"; "Iraqi terrorists")

Super-classes Regional^c

Iridescent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iridescent

Description

''Iridescent'' is a special kind of ''MultiColored'' in which the Object appears to have a different color depending on the angle from which it is viewed,and the surface appears shiny to some extent, and the colors seen tend to be striped like in a rainbow. Caused by a grid-like interference created by certain surfaces.

       The part of the gloss for ''Opalescent'' seems to include some of this
           meaning:
              'an iridescent oil slick'
        But the colors and concepts are disctinctly different.

     Correponds to adjective sense 1 of 'iridescent' in Wordnet:
         1. changeable, chatoyant, iridescent, shot - (varying in color when seen 
             in different lights or from different angles;
             'changeable taffeta'; 'chatoyant (or shot) silk'; 'a dragonfly hovered,
             vibrating and iridescent')

Super-classes MultiColored^c

IridescentPlumage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IridescentPlumage`
Description	''IridescentPlumage'' is a ''Plumage'' that is ''Iridescent''.
Super-classes	Plumage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Iridescent^c

Iridium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iridium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Iridium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iridium' in WordNet:
          1. iridium, Ir, atomic number 77 - (a heavy brittle 
            metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys;
            occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
PreciousMetal^c

Iris^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iris

Description

CYC: The collection of plants of the iris family; perennial plants with long, sword-shaped leaves and thick stalks bearing three-petaled flowers.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iris' in Wordnet:
            1. iris, flag, fleur-de-lis, sword lily - (plants with sword-shaped leaves
            and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals
            and three drooping sepals)

Super-classes IrisOrder^c

IrisOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrisOrder`
Description
Super-classes	MonocotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Iris^c Gladiola^c Crocus^c

Irish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irish

Description

''Irish'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Ireland'' or its people or customs. 'When Irish eyes are smiling . . . '

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Irish' in WordNet:
       1. (14) Irish - (of or relating to or characteristic of Ireland or its people)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IrishBull^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrishBull

Description

''IrishBull'' and its sibling synset terms are offensive or obscene terms meaning about the same as parent type ''Humbug'' and its synonyms, but with more intensity of feeling, suggesting greater annoyance at hearing the things thus characterized.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Irish bull' in WordNet:
       1. bullshit, bull, Irish bull, horseshit, shit, crap, dogshit - 
          (obscene words for unacceptable behavior; 'I put up with a lot of bullshit from that jerk';
          'what he said was mostly bull')

Super-classes Humbug^c

IrishFolklore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrishFolklore`
Description	`''IrishFolklore'' is a genre of ''Folklore'' that was created in Ireland.`
Super-classes	Folklore^c
Restrictions	hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ireland^c

IrishPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrishPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Ireland-TheNation, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. `@ToDo: add at some point: 3. Irish, Irish Gaelic - (the Celtic language of Ireland) usually just referred to as 'Gaeilic',but in Ireland it is 'Irish' This term refers to the Irish in the plural. 'It's a great day for the Irish'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Irish' in WordNet: 1. (2) Irish, Irish people - (people of Ireland or of Irish extraction)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Sub-classes	Irishman^c

IrishThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrishThing`
Description	A test class to illustrate necessary conditions.
Super-classes	spatio-temporal-particular[DOLCE]%SpatialThing^c

Irishman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irishman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Irishman' in WordNet: 1. (2) Irishman - (a man who is a native or inhabitant of Ireland)`
Super-classes	Man^c IrishPerson^c

Iron^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iron

Description

The metallic element, main component of steel.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iron' in WordNet:
        1. (24) iron, Fe, atomic number 26 - (a heavy ductile magnetic 
         metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; 
         used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the
         transport of oxygen by the blood)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Iron-Appliance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iron-Appliance`
Description	The a flat-bottomed device that can be grasped in one hand, having a triangular metallic bottom component, used for pressing out wrinkles in clothing. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'iron' in WordNet: 4. iron, smoothing iron - (home appliance consisting of a flat metal base that is heated and used to smooth cloth)`
Super-classes	Device^c HouseholdAppliance^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Ironing^c

IronAge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IronAge`
Description	The ''IronAge'' is the ''HistoricalPeriod'' that starts during ''Antiquity', when Iron tools and weapons were used as the main metal-based tools and weapons. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Iron Age' in WordNet: 1. Iron Age - ((archeology) the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons)`
Super-classes	HistoricalPeriod^c
Restrictions	precedes^op value MiddleAges^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf value Antiquity^c

IronAlloy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IronAlloy`
Description	An ''IronAlloy'' is an ''Alloy'' which has enough ''Iron'' to contribute to the desired properties. This is not necessarily predominantly Iron. For example, some Aluminum allows have Iron in them. Pure Iron is not included.
Super-classes	Alloy^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Iron^c
Sub-classes	Steel^c

IronMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IronMan`
Description	An ''IronMan'' is a ''Brawny'' ''FitPerson'' who has the attribute ''HavingEndurance'', i.e. is someone the state of ''Stamina''. This can be demonstrated by lasting through some long physically challenging continuous action, like a ''Marathon'', or by continuing to perform at a high physical level over years, as a professional athlete who rarely misses a game. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iron man' in WordNet: 1. iron man, ironman - (a strong man of exceptional physical endurance)`
Super-classes	FitPerson^c Man^c
Restrictions	isTheSubjectOfState^op value Stamina^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HavingEndurance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brawny^c

IronOre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IronOre`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iron ore' in WordNet: 1. iron ore - (an ore from which iron can be extracted)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c MetalOre^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Iron^c canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Iron^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Iron^c
Sub-classes	Limonite^c Siderite^c Magnetite^c Hematite^c

Ironed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ironed

Description

Something ''Ironed'' is a Faric that has been pressed flat to remove wrinkles, and perhaps to create a crease, by ''Ironing''.

        The collection of instances of #$Cloth that have
                been recently ironed with a #$ClothesIron and are still in a
        smooth, wrinkle-free state.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ironed' in Wordnet:
         1. ironed - ((of linens or clothes) smoothed with a hot iron)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Ironic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ironic

Description

''Ironic'' is an AttributeValue of a LinguisticCommunication that is intended to make a point by use of phrases that are not intended to be taken literally.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ironic' in WordNet:
          1. (1) dry, ironic, ironical, wry - (humorously sarcastic 
            or mocking; 'dry humor'; 'an ironic remark often conveys
            an intended meaning obliquely'; 'an ironic novel'; 
            'an ironical smile'; 'with a wry Scottish wit')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Ironically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ironically

Description

''Ironically'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action modified was performed so as to appear sarcastic or mocking.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'ironically' in Wordnet:
          2. ironically - (in an ironic manner; "she began to mimic him ironically")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Ironing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ironing`
Description	'Ironing' is the activity of using a 'Iron-Appliance' to smooth cloth. The cloth ironed is not necessarily clothing (see subtype ''IroningClothing''). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'iron' in WordNet: 1. (2) iron, iron out, press - (press and smooth with a heated iron; 'press your shirts'; 'she stood there ironing')`
Super-classes	PressingSomethingFlat^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Iron-Appliance^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Ironed^c hadObjectModified^op value Fabric^c
Sub-classes	IroningClothing^c

IroningBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IroningBoard`
Description	A ''Board'' of varible composition (often wooden), typically three or more feet long that usually has foldable supports, and at least one foot wide at the widest (it is often tapered at one end), used for ''IroningClothing''. It usually is covered at the top by cloth and perhaps also padding, to make a smooth surface on which to press fabric. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ironing board' in Wordnet: 1. ironing board - (narrow padded board on collapsible supports; used for ironing clothes)`
Super-classes	Board^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value IroningClothing^c

IroningClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IroningClothing`
Description	Each 'IroningClothing' is an Action in which a Person or machine presses some object of clothing between two flat surfaces while applying heat, so as to make the cothing item smooth (or less wrinkled). `Coresponds to sense 12 of 'press' and verb sense 1 of 'iron' in WordNet: 12. iron, iron out, press - (press and smooth with a heated iron; 'press your shirts'; 'she stood there ironing')`
Super-classes	Ironing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Clothing^c

Irony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irony`
Description	''Irony'' is the label for the content of a LinguisticCommunication that has the attributes of ironical, satirical, or sarcastic. These can be differentiated if necessary and possible. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irony' in WordNet: 1. (5) sarcasm, irony, satire, caustic remark - (witty language used to convey insults or scorn; 'he used sarcasm to upset his opponent'; 'irony is wasted on the stupid'; 'Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face but their own'-Jonathan Swift)`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ironic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Satirical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sarcastic^c

Irradiating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irradiating`
Description	''Irradiating'' is an ''ExposureEvent'' that is a intentional ''ProcessingSomething'' in which some PhysicalObject is exposed to ''Radiation'' of some kind - sunlight, x-rays, gamma rays, or other. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'irradiate' in WordNet: 3. irradiate, ray - (expose to radiation; 'irradiate food')`
Super-classes	ExposureEvent^c ProcessingSomething^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value Radiation^c
Sub-classes	ExposingToLight^c

Irrational^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irrational`
Description	'Irrational' is an AttributeValue modifying beliefs or Actions, characterizing them as being inconsistent with reasoning and logic, and as not being motivated by ''Reasoning'' but rather by Feelings or by some other intuitive or delusionary mental process. motivation, motive, need Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irrational' in Wordnet: 1. (2) irrational - (not consistent with or using reason; 'irrational fears'; 'irrational animals')
Super-classes	Unreasonable^c
Sub-classes	Superstitious^c Incoherent^c

IrrationalMotive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrrationalMotive`
Description	A ''IrrationalMotive'' is a ''Motive'' that is ''Irrational'' in that it is not based on a ''Reasoning'' proess and is inconsistent with logic or reason. Such motives may be created by Feelings, intuition, or failure to critically assess false assertions by others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irrational motive' in WordNet: 1. irrational motive - (a motivation that is inconsistent with reason or logic)`
Super-classes	Motive^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Irrational^c

IrrationalNumber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrrationalNumber

Description

Any RealNumber that is not also a RationalNumber.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irrational number' in WordNet:
      1. irrational number, irrational - (a real number that cannot be expressed as a rational number)

Super-classes RealNumber^c

Irrationality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irrationality`
Description	This sense of ''Irrationality'' is a subtype of ''Insanity'', a state in which a Person tends to make decisions based mostly on emotion or delusions and ignores facts and logic that would contradict their reasons for those actions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irrationality' in WordNet: 1. irrationality, unreason - (the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding)`
Super-classes	Insanity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Irrational^c

Irregular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irregular`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'irregular' in Wordnet: 3. (1) irregular, unpredictable - (not occurring at expected times)`
Super-classes	Unpredictable^c

Irrelevant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irrelevant

Description

''Irrelevant'' is an attribute of information or information objects that has no 'relevance' to some specific a situation, eespecially in that it can not affect how an agent responds to the situation, or what the outcome of the situation will be.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irrelevant' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) irrelevant - (having no bearing on or connection with 
             the subject at issue; 'an irrelevant comment'; 'irrelevant allegations')

Super-classes Unrelated^c
Unimportant^c

Irresistible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irresistible

Description

This sense of 'Irresistible' is a subtype of ''Strong'' for things (Objects or Actions, especially temptations or impulses or Feelings or motives) that are so strongly ''Tempting'' that the Agent to whom they are 'irresistible' cannot (does not have the willpower to) refrain from doing or buying the ''Irresistible'' thing.

     The sense of 'irresistible' meaning 'a force that cannot be successfully opposed' is represented
        by ''Overwhelming''.

      RHW  'irresistible':
        3.  enticing; tempting to possess: an irresistible necklace.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'irresistible' in Wordnet:
          2. irresistible - (overpoweringly attractive; 'irresistible beauty')

Super-classes Tempting^c
Strong^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Irresponsible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irresponsible

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irresponsible' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) irresponsible - (showing lack of care for consequences; 'behaved like an irresponsible idiot';
             'hasty and irresponsible action')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Irreversible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irreversible

Description

''Reversible'' is the attribute of an''Event'' whose effect can not be reversed so that the object has the same attribute as the prior Event that is 'reversed'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irreversible' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) irreversible - (incapable of being reversed; 'irreversible momentum toward revolution')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Irrigated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irrigated`
Description	Land which is ''Irrigated'' has had water transported along the ground to it so as to support the growth of Crops.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Irrigating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irrigating`
Description	''Irrigating'' is ''Wetting'' a plot of land by some means other than carrying by hand (ditches, pipes, spraying equipment) so that crops can grow when rain is scarce. CYC 'Irrigation': A specialization of #$DistributionEvent, #$DirectedTranslation and #$ChannelFlow. Each instance of #$Irrigation is the supplying of water to some piece of land by artificial means, usually for the benefit of crops growing on the land. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'irrigate' in WordNet: 1. (2) water, irrigate - (supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams; 'Water the fields') WN noun 'irrigation': 1. (2) irrigation - (supplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc)
Super-classes	Motion^c DirectedTranslation^c FluidFlow-Translation^c WateringPlants^c Conveying-Stationary^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value ArableLand^c hadObjectMoved^op value Water^c

Irritability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irritability`
Description	A Person with a ''Irritability'' is more prone to easily become very irritated or angry.. `In RHW 'bile' is synonym: RHW 'bile': 2. ill temper; peevishness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irritability' in WordNet: 1. (1) irritability, crossness, fretfulness, fussiness, peevishness, petulance, choler - (an irritable petulant feeling)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Irritable^c

Irritable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irritable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irritable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cranky, fractious, irritable, nettlesome, peevish, peckish, pettish, petulant, scratchy, testy, tetchy, techy - (easily irritated or annoyed; 'an incorrigibly fractious young man'; 'not the least nettlesome of his countrymen')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Grumpy^c

Irritation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Irritation`
Description	Emotion of a person who is disturbed, nervously upset, without equanimity or patience as a result of being forced to endure something that s/he finds obnoxious, offensive, displeasing or distasteful. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irritation' in WordNet: 1. (6) irritation, annoyance, vexation, botheration - (the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed)`
Super-classes	Annoyance^c
Sub-classes	Offendedness^c Fretting^c

Isagelous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Isagelous`
Description	''Isagelous'' is a specialized AttributeValue for Groups of ''InformationObject''s that contain the 'same information' (Greek 'iso' = same + 'aggelos' = information). This can be used to specify that InformationObjects, such as an AbstractComputerFile and a hard-copy printout of that file have the same information content. Or, an encrypted and decrypted file have the same information content.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Islamic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Islamic

Description

''Muslim'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Islam and its adherents.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Muslim' in WordNet:
       1. Muslim, Moslem, Islamic - (of or relating to or supporting Islamism; 'Islamic art')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IslamicCalendarMonth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IslamicCalendarMonth`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Islamic calendar month' in WordNet: 1. Islamic calendar month - (any lunar month in the Muslim calendar)`
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ramadan

Islamist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Islamist

Description

''Islamist'' is an attribute that characterizes ''MuslimPerson''s who support a militant fundamenalist version of ''Islam''.

     No WN sense of  'Islamist' as an adjective.
     From an internet dictionary:
       relating to, advocating, or supporting Islamic militancy or fundamentalism.

Super-classes Radicalish^c

IslamistPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IslamistPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Islamist' in Wordnet: 2. Islamist - (an orthodox Muslim)`
Super-classes	MuslimPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Orthodox^c

IslamistScholar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IslamistScholar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Islamist' in WordNet: 1. Islamist - (a scholar who knowledgeable in Islamic studies)`
Super-classes	Scholar^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Islam^c

Island^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Island`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO an 'Island' cannot be a 'continent' and vice-versa, regardless of Australia the 'continent'. Cyc: A specialization of both #$LandBody and #$IslandOrIslandGroup. Each instance of #$Island is a body of land surrounded by water. #$Islands are typically much smaller in area than (instances of the similarly-defined collection of) #$TrueContinents (q.v.), though it would be rather arbitrary to try to distinguish these types on the basis of size alone. (And note that #$ContinentOfAustralia, e.g., is both an #$IslandOrIslandGroup (q.v.) and a #$TrueContinent.) For groups of #$Islands that form a geographical cluster, see #$Archipelago. SUMO: A LandArea that is completely surrounded by a WaterArea. NOTE see 'Islet' which distinguishes really small islands and does not classify them as Islands. Too obscure? NOTE that there may be more than one named BodyOfWater that surrounds an Island. All can be specified by the relation, 'isSurroundedHorizontallyBy', by oncluding all in a newly-defined 'BodyOfWater' that includes all of them. @ToDo: need a class 'ContiguousBodiesOfWater'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'island' in WordNet: 1. (13) island - (a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water)
Super-classes	LandBody^c
Restrictions	isSurroundedHorizontallyBy^op some BodyOfWater^c
Sub-classes	Atoll^c Islet^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArubaIsland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hawaii http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maui http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CubaIsland

Islet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Islet

Description

A portion of land completely surrounded by water, but small enough that it can be referred to as an ''Islet'' rather than ''Island''. The size criterion here is vague, but a Islet should be larger than a Castle.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'islet' in Wordnet:
         1. isle, islet - (a small island)

Super-classes Island^c

Isolated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Isolated`
Description	''Isolated'' is the attribute of something (inimate or inanimate) that is in some way separated from some other things of the same type.. Of very general applicability, `Something that is ''Isolated'' is in the state of ''Isolation''. No exact matching sense in WN. Closest to (but only approximately) adjective sense 3 of 'isolated' in WordNet: 3. (4) disjunct, isolated - (marked by separation of or from usually contiguous elements; 'little isolated worlds, as abruptly disjunct and unexpected as a palm-shaded well in the Sahara'- Scientific Monthly)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Alone^c Marooned^c Secluded^c Separated^c Stranded^c

Isolating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Isolating`
Description	Each ''Isolating'' is an Action in which parts of some Object (or Group of Objects) is placed into two or more areas that do not overlap with each other. There may or may not be a physical barrier between the separated areas; people may be separated and kept apart by rules or threats of punishment. Thus an unruly student may be isolated in the corner of a classroom. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'isolate' in WordNet: 1. (12) isolate, insulate - (place or set apart; 'They isolated the political prisoners from the other inmates') WN nounn 'isolation': 2. (2) isolation, closing off - (the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others) WN noun 'insulation': 3. insulation - (the act of protecting something by surrounding it with material that reduces or prevents the transmission of sound or heat or electricity)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Isolation^c
Sub-classes	Secluding^c BecomingMarooned^c Quarantining^c

Isolation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Isolation`
Description	This ''Isolation'' is a general type of state in which an Object or Group (not necessarily a Person) is ''Isolated'' for any length of time, meaning that it is separated in some way from others of its type. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'isolation' (not just people) in WordNet: 1. (3) isolation - (a state of separation between persons or groups)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Isolated^c
Sub-classes	BeingQuarantined^c Privacy^c Solitude^c

Isotope^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Isotope

Description

An Isotope is a ChemicalElement with a single fixed number of neutrons in each atom. Thus we might have Carbon12 as an subtype of Carbon, and as a subtype of 'Isotope'. The term 'isotope' is sometimes used to refer to an 'Isotope' with an atomic mass different from the dominant natural atomic mass (a minority or non-natural isotope); or the use of 'isotopes' in the plural suggests that different isotopes of the same element are under discussion. The COSMO sense is not exactly like either of those senses. The 'non-natural' sense could be a subtype of this sense, but is left for a domain ontology.

    @ToDo: We need a restriction that all atoms have the same atomic mass -
      may need FOL for that.

    This definition differs from that of Cyc; Cyc requires that each
    isotope have a 'different' mass - but even for elements that have only
    one natural isotope, that natural isotope is still an 'Isotope'
    in COSMO - the only criterion for an Isotope is that all atoms
    of an Isotope have the *same* atomic mass.  Thus Carbon12 and Carbon14 are
    both 'Isotopes' in COSMO.

    Cyc: #$Isotopes are substances with the same atomic
        number as the element for which they are isotopes of (see
        #$isotopeOf), but with a different atomic mass due to a
        different number of neutrons.

     This corresponds to the only sense of 'isotope' in RHW:
      RHW: any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number 
      of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different
      numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or different atomic weights. 
      There are 275 isotopes of the 81 stable elements, in addition to over 
      800 radioactive isotopes, and every element has known isotopic forms.
      Isotopes of a single element possess almost identical properties.

     Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'isotope' in WordNet;
     however an Isotope is not an Atom, it consists of Atoms:
       in WordNet:
         1. isotope - (one of two or more atoms with the same atomic
           number but with different numbers of neutrons)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c

Israeli^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Israeli

Description

''Israeli'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Israel'' orits inabitants. This is usually written with a capital 'I'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Israeli' in WordNet:
         1. Israeli - (of or relating to or characteristic of Israel or its people)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

IsraeliPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IsraeliPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Israel, or participate in its #$NationalCulture.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Israeli' in WordNet: 1. (1) Israeli - (a native or inhabitant of Israel)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Israel^c

Issue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Issue`
Description	An ''Issue'' is a ''MentalObject'' that is a Group consisting of one or more ''Question-IBT''s, for which obtaining an answer is ''Important'' to some ''IntelligenAgent''(s). This will include one or more ''ProblemToBeSolved''s. An ''Issue'' is a Topic worthy of ''Considering'' because it concerns something that may need a ''Decision'' such as a Problem or opportunity or any other future situation that may be word considering. Cyc: The collection of all instances of matters of discussion, debate, or public concern. NOTE: 'Issue'' is represented here as a ''TopicOfnterest'' that can be considered or discussed - and the Topic for discussion is related to an ''Issue'' by the relation ''hasTopic''. To be an ''Issue'' it is not necessary for there to be a ''DisagreementEvent'' about the issue, it can be created by some new situation that has notyet been sufficiently discussed to decide if there is agreement about what to do. An ''Issue'' is a group of elements, such as the ''Consideration''s that should be considered in making a decision. NOTE: The restriction requires that each ''Issue'' refer to some ''ProblemSituation'' or ''Opportunity'' or ''PossibleFutureSituation'' or ''EventType''. In most cases, an''Issue' will refer to a problem or opportunity, or a ''PossibleFutureSituation'' whose probability is so small it is not currently considered either a problem or an opportunity.. But other subtypes of 'Situation'' may be considered worthy of discussion and can be added as required. . COSMO note: this is a very broad category, which can include any topic that may need discussion for cooperative decision-making. Thus something labeled as an 'issue' may be a state, attribute, object, action - any category of thing that can affect a person. Each of these can be represented as a ''ProblemSituation''. Synonyms: consideration, factor (for planning purposes) Similar to sense 2 of 'consideration' in WordNet WordNet 2.1 circumstance, condition, consideration - (information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; 'another consideration is the time it would take') Sense 1 of 'issue' in WordNet (a matter in dispute) is treated in COSMO as the more specific subtype of 'PublicIssue' Wordnet sense in WordNet: 1. issue - (an important question that is in dispute and must be settled; 'the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone'; 'politicians never discuss the real issues')
Super-classes	MatterForConsideration^c Role^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Consideration^c hasTopic^op some (ProblemSituation^c or PossibleFutureSituation^c or Opportunity^c or EventType^c) hasComponentElement^op value ProblemToBeSolved^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Important^c
Sub-classes	PublicIssue^c AgendaItem^c IssueOfDispute^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhereToEatLunchToday

IssueOfDispute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IssueOfDispute`
Description	An ''IssueOfDispute'' is a Group of Opinions that include at least two Opinions that conflict and thus cconstitute an ''Issue'' important enough to motivate an effort to resolve the difference(s). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dispute' in WordNet: 1. (4) dispute, difference, difference of opinion, conflict - (a disagreement or argument about something important; 'he had a dispute with his wife'; 'there were irreconcilable differences'; 'the familiar conflict between Republicans and Democrats')`
Super-classes	Group^c Issue^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Opinion^c

Issuer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Issuer`
Description	`Includes but is broader than (not just Institutions) noun sense 1 of 'issuer' in WordNet: 1. issuer - (an institution that issues something (securities or publications or currency etc.)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value IssuingSomething^c

IssuingForth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IssuingForth`
Description	Each ''IssuingForth'' is an ''Emerging'' in which the PhysicalObject which emerges is a ''FluidObject'' (liquid or gas). The emerging object may be coming out under gravitational force, or be expelled by physical pressure of some kind. An oil 'gusher'would be a good example; `Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'emerge' in WordNet: 2. (9) issue, emerge, come out, come forth, go forth, egress - (come out of; 'Water issued from the hole in the wall'; 'The words seemed to come out by themselves')`
Super-classes	FluidFlowEvent^c Emerging^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some FluidObject^c
Sub-classes	Spurting^c Leaking^c RadiationRelease^c

IssuingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IssuingMoney`
Description	''IssuingMoney'' is a form of ''IssuingSomething' in which the 'something' is ''Money'' or its representation, a ''MoneyObject'. `NOTE: this is for legal government money, not for 'digital currency' created by computer by some non-governmental agent, nor for coupons.`
Super-classes	IssuingSomething^c CreatingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CentralBank^c produced^op some (MoneyType^c or Money^c or MoneyObject^c or MoneyTenderType^c)

IssuingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IssuingSomething`
Description	IssuingSomething is a form of ''Distributing'' in which the Agent that does the ''Distributing'' also creates or produces the thing distributed. `This does not include 'issuing a command'. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'issue' (including things that are not publications for sale) in WordNet: 1. (21) publish, bring out, put out, issue, release - (prepare and issue for public distribution or sale; 'publish a magazine or newspaper')`
Super-classes	Distributing^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PublishingWrittenMaterial^c
Sub-classes	IssuingMoney^c PublishingWrittenMaterial^c

IssuingaCommercialLicense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IssuingaCommercialLicense`
Description	A 'IssuingaCommercialLicense' is an act by a ''CommercialOrganization'' (or an Individual acting on his/her own behalf) to license a copyright or patent to another user. `NOTE: issuing a governmental 'license' to practice an occupation is represented by ''IssuingaLicense''. Corresponds to verb part (for commercial, non-governmenatal licences) of sense 3 of 'certify' in WordNet: 3. (2) license, licence, certify - (authorize officially; 'I am licensed to practice law in this state')`
Super-classes	GrantingPermission^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some CommercialOrganization^c hadBeneficiary^op value Licensee^c causedCreationOf^op value CommercialUseLicense^c

IssuingaCopyright^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IssuingaCopyright`
Description	A 'IssuingaCopyright' is an act of the government agency that has authority to issue ''Copyright''s. In the USA this would be the 'The United States Copyright Office' within the Library Of Congress.
Super-classes	GrantingPermission^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesCopyrightOffice^c

IssuingaLicense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IssuingaLicense`
Description	A 'IssuingaLicense' is an act of any government agency that has authority to issue licenses of any kind. The restriction requires that the 'GovernmentalOrganization' issuing the license be specified, but generic agency types such as a 'MotorvehicleAgency' could be specified for general types of licenses. `NOTE: i suing a commercial 'license' to use a copyright or patent is represented by ''IssuingaCommercialLicense''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'certify' in WordNet: 3. (2) license, licence, certify - (authorize officially; 'I am licensed to practice law in this state')`
Super-classes	Accrediting^c GrantingPermission^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value License^c isPerformedBy^op some GovernmentalOrganization^c

Isthmus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Isthmus`
Description	A strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, connecting two significantly larger bodies of land. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'isthmus' in WordNet: 1. isthmus - (a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas)`
Super-classes	Path-Simple^c LandBody^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some BodyOfWater^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IsthmusOfPanama

ItIsHoped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ItIsHoped

Description

''ItIsHoped'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Assertion and asserts that the speaker of the assertion has hope that the assertion is or will become true.. @mod47 RHW: 2. it is hoped; if all goes well: Hopefully, we will get to the show on time.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'hopefully' in WordNet:
         2. hopefully - (it is hoped; 'hopefully the weather will be fine on Sunday')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Itch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Itch`
Description	An itching sensation, on the skin. Not usually considered as a symptom of any ailment, though it could be caused by one. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'itch' in Wordnet: 3. itch, itchiness, itching - (an irritating cutaneous sensation that produces a desire to scratch)`
Super-classes	Symptom^c UnpleasantSensation^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Annoying^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Itchy^c occursAt^op value Skin^c causesDesireForAction^op value ScratchingAnItch^c

ItchMite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ItchMite`
Description	An ''ItchMite'' is the Mite that causes''Scabies''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'itch mite' in WordNet: 1. itch mite, sarcoptid - (whitish mites that attack the skin of humans and other animals; 'itch mites cause scabies')`
Super-classes	Mite^c
Restrictions	causesAilment^op value Scabies^c

Itchy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Itchy

Description

''Itchy'' is an AttributeValue of a region of ''Skin'' that is not ''Painful'' but is annoying enough to gather attention and produce a desire to scratch. See ''Itch''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'itchy' in WordNet:
         2. itchy - (causing an irritating cutaneous sensation; being affect with an itch;
         'he had an itchy toe from the mosquito bite')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Bad^c

Item^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Item`
Description	An ''Item'' is a distinct ''Unit'' that is one component element of a''List''.. This is an abstract object, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'item' in WordNet: 1. (31) item, point - (a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could be enumerated on a list; 'he noticed an item in the New York Times'; 'she had several items on her shopping list'; 'the main point on the agenda was taken up first')
Super-classes	AbstractObject^c Unit^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some List^c
Sub-classes	AgendaItem^c NewsItem^c

Iteration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Iteration`
Description	An 'Iteration' is an Event of a type that occurs or could occur more than once. NOTE: this is not a series of such Events, but an individual Event that could or usually does occur in a Series. For a series of such Iterations, use ''CyclicEventSeries''. This corresponds to the intuitive notion of 'one time' for an Event that may occur more than once. It is possible for such an Event in reality to occur only once, as in the statement 'the first time he smoked a cigarette he thought it was repulsive, and never tried it again' this event is one ''Iteration'' of a smoking Action, even though that Action with that agent was never repeated. The linguistic representation of this type is labeled by the word 'time' (first time, last time, every time). An ''Iteration'' may or not be a ''Cycle'' (a subtype), in which some value of a fluent returns to its original value. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time' in WordNet: 1. (565) time, clip - (an instance or single occasion for some event; 'this time he succeeded'; 'he called four times'; 'he could do ten at a clip')
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	CyclicMovement^c Cycle^c

ItinerantLaorer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ItinerantLaorer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'itinerant' in WordNet: 1. itinerant, gypsy, gipsy - (a laborer who moves from place to place as demanded by employment; 'itinerant traders'`
Super-classes	ManualLaborer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Wandering^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nomadic^c

Ivory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ivory`
Description	The substance derived from ''Tusk''s, especially those of an ''Elephant' See ''Tusk''. `. Other types of 'ivory' (walrus tusks?) could be in a different different subtypes if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ivory' in WordNet: 1. (6) ivory, tusk - (a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses)`
Super-classes	SolidAnimalMatter^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isTheMainConstituentSubstanceOf^op value Tusk^c isDerivedFrom^op value Tusk^c

IvoryColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IvoryColor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ivory' in WordNet: 2. (2) bone, ivory, pearl, off-white - (a shade of white the color of bleached bones)`
Super-classes	Yellowish^c
Sub-classes	YellowishWhite-Color^c

Ivy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ivy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ivy' in WordNet: 1. (1) ivy, common ivy, English ivy, Hedera helix - (Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits)`
Super-classes	Vine^c Species^c

Jabber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jabber`
Description	Unintelligible''Gibberish'' that is rapid ly spoken. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jabber' in WordNet: 1. jabber, jabbering, gabble - (rapid and indistinct speech)`
Super-classes	Nonsense^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast^c

Jack-TheCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jack-TheCard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'jack' in WordNet: 9. jack, knave - (one of four face cards in a deck bearing a picture of a young prince)`
Super-classes	PlayingCard^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value DeckOfCards^c

JackKnife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JackKnife`
Description	A type of ''PocketKnife''. Distinction seems to be that this is 'large' - relative to other types of ''PocketKnife''. `Macheath's favorite weapon, immortalized in song: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack_the_Knife Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jackknife' in Wordnet: 1. clasp knife, jackknife - (a large knife with one or more folding blades)`
Super-classes	PocketKnife^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Jackal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jackal`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jackal' in WordNet: 1. jackal, Canis aureus - (Old World nocturnal canine mammal closely related to the dog; smaller than a wolf; sometimes hunts in a pack but usually singly or as a member of a pair)`
Super-classes	Scavenger^c Canine^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NocturnallyActive^c

Jacket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jacket`
Description	Does not extend much farther than the lower part of the hip. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jacket' in Wordnet: 1. (12) jacket - (a short coat)`
Super-classes	Coat^c Clothing-Top^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c
Sub-classes	Parka^c Blazer^c DinnerJacket^c Doublet^c

Jade^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jade

Description

CYC 'Jade-Gem':A #$SemipreciousStone which is green in color and translucent.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jade' in WordNet:
         1. (2) jade, jadestone - (a semiprecious gemstone 
         that takes a high polish; is usually green but sometimes whitish;
         consists of jadeite or nephrite)

Super-classes Gemstone^c

Jaded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jaded

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing BeingTiredOfSomething. This attribute means more than just the 'dulled' in WordNet, it includes a positive preference not to see any more of the same thing.

    Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'jaded' in WordNet:
      2. (2) jaded - (dulled by surfeit; 'the amoral, jaded,
        bored upper classes')

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Jadeite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jadeite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jadeite' in WordNet: 1. jadeite - (a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Jade^c

Jagged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jagged

Description

This is for things that are thin and long like a line.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jagged' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) jagged, jaggy, scraggy - (having a sharply uneven surface or outline;
              'the jagged outline of the crags'; 'scraggy cliffs')
        WN Includes adjective sense 3 of 'ragged:
          3. (2) ragged - (having an irregular outline; 'text set with ragged right margins'; 
             'herded the class into a ragged line')

Super-classes Uneven^c

Jalapeno^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jalapeno`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'jalapeno' in WordNet: 2. jalapeno, jalapeno pepper - (hot green or red pepper of southwestern United States and Mexico)`
Super-classes	ChiliPepper^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value CayennePepperPlant^c

Jam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jam`
Description	'Jam is a preparation containing 'FruitFood' together with possible other ingredients, especially sweeteners. `If it is jellied, that would qualify as a 'jelly' even though it has solid parts to it. RHW 'jam' n1L: preserve of whole fruit, slightly crushed, boiled with sugar: strawberry jam. @ToDo: perhaps should be different parent, as Jelly can have sugar added to it and not be considered as truly 'fruit' corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jam' in WordNet: WN 'jam': 1. (3) jam - (preserve of crushed fruit)`
Super-classes	FruitFood^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value CrushedFruit^c

Jamaican^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jamaican`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Jamaican' in Wordnet: 1. Jamaican - (of or relating to Jamaica (the island or the country) or to its inhabitants; 'Jamaican rum'; 'the Jamaican Prime Minister')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

JamaicanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JamaicanPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jamaican' in WordNet: 1. (1) Jamaican - (a native or inhabitant of Jamaica)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jamaica^c

Janitor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Janitor

Description

SUMO: Any Position which involves cleaning a Building or some of the Rooms within a Building.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'janitor' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) janitor - (someone employed to clean and maintain a building)

Super-classes UnskilledWorker^c
FacilitiesPerson^c
Employee^c

January^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#January

Description

The Class of all Months which are January.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'January' in WordNet:
    1. (12) January, Jan - (the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice)

Super-classes Month^c

Jar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jar`
Description	A cylindrical container made of glass, ceramic, or plastic (but not of metal) that has a wide opening at the top, designed to be closed with some kind of cap. The difference between a 'Jar' and a 'Bottle' in COSMO is only in the width of the opening. For COSMO purposes, a Jar has an opening diameter at least half the maximum diameter of the cylindrical portion, and a 'Bottle' has an opening diameter less than half the maximum diameter. `The main distinction from a ''Bottle'' is that a Bottle has a constricted neck (a ''BottleNeck'') and a ''Jar'' does not. So the restriction asserts that - for clarification. Also, a 'Jar' can contain things other than fluids. Cyc: The collection of jar-like containers: generally glass or ceramic and cylindrical in shape with an opening at the top. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jar' in WordNet: 1. (4) jar - (a vessel (usually cylindrical) with a wide mouth and without handles)`
Super-classes	ContainerWithTopCap^c NonPoweredDevice^c CylindricalHollowObject^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value BottleNeck^c
Sub-classes	OrnamentalVase^c Vase^c

Jargon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jargon`
Description	A ''Jargon'' is a ''Terminology'' used by a relatively small GroupOfPeople such as specialists who use it when talking to each other, especially about their specialty. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jargon' in WordNet: 1. (1) slang, cant, jargon, lingo, argot, patois, vernacular - (a characteristic language of a particular group (as among thieves); 'they don't speak our lingo')`
Super-classes	Terminology^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Word^c
Sub-classes	Technobabble^c

Jaundice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jaundice`
Description	A #$PhysiologicalConditionType characterized by a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jaundice' in WordNet: 1. jaundice, icterus - (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia)`
Super-classes	MedicalSymptom^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	isaSymptomOf^op value Hepatitis^c

Jaunty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jaunty

Description

Needs examples of usage to make it more precise.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jaunty' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) dapper, dashing, jaunty, natty, raffish, rakish, spiffy, snappy, spruce -
             (marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners; 'a dapper young man';
             'a jaunty red hat')

Super-classes Stylish^c

Javelin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Javelin`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'javelin' in WordNet: 2. javelin - (a spear thrown as a weapon or in competitive field events)`
Super-classes	SportsEquipment^c Spear^c

Jaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jaw`
Description	Lower region of the head that moves when chewing food. NOT the Jawbone. The upper part, holding the upper teeth, is included. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jaw' in WordNet: 1. (9) jaw - (the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c SolidObject^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c

Jawbone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jawbone`
Description	the mandible; the inferior maxillary bone. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jawbone' in WordNet: 1. lower jaw, mandible, mandibula, mandibular bone, submaxilla, lower jawbone, jawbone, jowl - (the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Skull^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Jaw^c

JazzBand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JazzBand`
Description	`NOTE: MWD defines 'combo' as ' a small jazz or dance band'. Thus this is narrrower than the WN sense, restricted to 'Jazz'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jazz band' in WordNet: 1. jazz band, jazz group, combo - (a small band of jazz musicians)`
Super-classes	Band-MusicGroup^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value JazzMusic^c performsAction^op value PlayingJazzMusic^c

JazzMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JazzMusic`
Description	The music, not the genre. @db1435 Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'jazz' in WordNet: 2. jazz - (a genre of popular music that originated in New Orleans around 1900 and developed through increasingly complex styles)
Super-classes	PopularMusic^c

Jealous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jealous

Description

The AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing Jealousy.

      NOTE that this is an AttributeValue, not a subtype of
       Person, as it is in Cyc.

    Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each
        instance is an agent in the emotional state of being
        jealous. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to
        denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional
        state to some varying degree.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'jealous' in WordNet:
          1. (3) covetous, envious, jealous - (showing extreme cupidity;
             painfully desirous of another's advantages; 'he was never covetous 
             before he met her'; 'jealous of his success and covetous of his 
             possessions'; 'envious of their art collection')
          2. (2) jealous, green-eyed, overjealous - (suspicious or unduly suspicious 
              or fearful of being displaced by a rival; 'a jealous lover')

Super-classes Resentful^c
Desirous^c

Jealousy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jealousy

Description

A combination of Envy (an Emotion that is caused by observation of another person - especially a rival - who has something that the jealous person wants but does not have) and Resentment. The Resentment arises from a Feeling of slight or from rivalry, and adds to the Envy.

      Cyc: An instance of #$FeelingType.  Each instance of
        #$Jealousy is some agent's feeling of suspicion and
        resentment toward a perceived rival.  Instances of
        #$Jealousy vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or
        the subject experiencing the feeling.  See also the
        analogous feeling #$Envy.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jealousy' in WordNet:
      1. (2) jealousy, green-eyed monster - (a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival))

Super-classes Resentment^c
Envy^c

Jeans^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jeans`
Description	Jeans are ''Trousers'' that are made from denim. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jean' in WordNet: 1. jean, blue jean, denim - ((usually plural) close-fitting pants of heavy denim for manual work or casual wear)`
Super-classes	Trousers^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value BothLegs^c surrounds-3D^op value HumanLeg^c

Jeep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jeep`
Description	`CYC 'Jeep-Traditional': The collection of all small #$FourWheelDrive open #$Automobiles with an open luggage compartment that are capable of driving off the road. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jeep' in WordNet: 1. (5) jeep, landrover - (a car suitable for traveling over rough terrain)`
Super-classes	Automobile^c
Sub-classes	Jeep-Military^c

Jeep-Military^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jeep-Military`
Description	CYC: The collection of jeep-like vehicles used primarily by military organizations.
Super-classes	MilitaryVehicle^c Jeep^c

Jeering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jeering`
Description	'Jeering'' is a form of 'Teasing' in a manner expressing ''Contempt''. NOTE: 'deride' in WN seems to be mostly 'speaking of' but not necessarily directly addressing the Person derided. This includes the WN 'deride' but inclues only the sense of directly adressng the person being derieded. RHW 'deride' emphasizes the sense of directly addressing the deridee: to laugh at in scorn or contempt; scoff or jeer at; mock. NOTE: mst of these terms append an 'at' to specify the person being jeered at. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jeer' in WordNet: 1. (3) jeer, scoff, flout, barrack, gibe - (laugh at with contempt and derision; 'The crowd jeered at the speaker') WN verb 'deride': 1. (2) deride - (treat or speak of with contempt; 'He derided his student's attempt to solve the biggest problem in mathematics') WN noun 'jeering': 1. jeer, jeering, mockery, scoff, scoffing - (showing your contempt by derision)
Super-classes	Teasing^c ExpressingEmotion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Contemptuous^c expressesMentalState^op value Contempt^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Laughing^c

Jejunum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jejunum`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Jejunums. Each instance of this collection is the central section of a #$SmallIntestine, which runs from the #$Duodenum to the #$Ilium. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jejunum' in WordNet: 1. (3) jejunum - (the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum)`
Super-classes	Intestine^c AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DuodenumAndIleum^c

Jell-O^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jell-O

Description

Each subtype of 'Hydrocolloid' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that can form a gel when mixed with water. This is for the solid mixed with water,not for the resulting semisolid gel.

        This is included mostly to provide a parent for Jell-O

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrocolloid' in WordNet:
          1. jello, Jell-O - (fruit-flavored dessert (trade mark Jell-O) made from 
            a commercially prepared gelatin powder)

Super-classes Hydrocolloid^c

Jellied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jellied

Description

Having the semisolid consistency of a gelatinous substance that has congealed to the point where it does not flow when tilted in gravity, and maintains much of its shaped when a portion is placed on a plate.

      NOTE that this is one of the borderline cases where something
      can be considered both 'Solid' and 'Semisolid'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jellied' in WordNet:
      1. congealed, jelled, jellied - (congealed into jelly; 
        solidified by cooling; 'in Georgia they serve congealed salads')

Super-classes Gelatinous^c
SemiSolid^c
Solid^c

Jelly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jelly`
Description	'Jelly is a 'gelatinous' preparation of 'FruitFood' together with possible other ingredients, especially some stuff to make it congeal. NOTE this a 'Jelly' is usually prepared from fruit juice, but may have some solid pieces of friut in it. If it is jellied, then it is a 'Jelly'. A Non-jellied FruitFood 'Preserve' with solid parts (crushed fruit) is termed 'Jam'. Similar to CYC 'Jelly-Foodstuff', but the CYC term is considered a subtype of 'Jam', which is not true in COSMO. CYC: This is the collection of all instances of jelly. Jelly is generally made from fruit, which is combined with sugar and cooked until a certain temperature is reached. Sometimes pectin is added to aid in gelling. Jelly is then strained so that it is clear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jelly' in WordNet: 1. (2) jelly - (a preserve made of the jelled juice of fruit) WN 'jam': 1. (3) jam - (preserve of crushed fruit)
Super-classes	FruitFood^c gel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Jellied^c

JellyBean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JellyBean`
Description	This is one jelly bean. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jelly bean' in Wordnet: 1. jelly bean, jelly egg - (sugar-glazed jellied candy)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c CandyObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Beanoid^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Jelly^c

Jellyfish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jellyfish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'jellyfish' in WordNet: 2. jellyfish, medusa, medusan - (any of numerous usually marine and free-swimming coelenterates that constitute the sexually reproductive forms of hydrozoans and scyphozoans)`
Super-classes	VenomousAnimal^c Radiata^c
Sub-classes	PortugueseManOfWar^c

JellyfishSting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JellyfishSting`
Description	Jellyfish Sting with their ''Tentacle''s
Super-classes	StingingByAnimal^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Tentacle^c isPerformedBy^op value Jellyfish^c

Jerk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jerk`
Description	A ''Jerk'' is a vague term for a Person with one or more characteristics that are considered socially undesirable, the most prominent one being that that person is ''Stupid'' in some way - perhaps just socially, but perhaps in other ways as well. The WN suggests also 'fatuous' (silly), and RHW sugests 'naive'. `COSMO requires 'srupid' and 'silly' - the other characteristics are optional. RHW: 'jerk' 4: Slang. a contemptibly naive, fatuous, foolish, or inconsequential person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jerk' in Wordnet: 1. (2) jerk, dork - (a dull stupid fatuous person)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Silly^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stupid^c

JerkingMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JerkingMotion`
Description	A Motion in which a brief ''Acceleration'' occurs. This includes both the transitive (causing a JermginMotion) as well as the instrnative describing only the motion itself without a specified causative agent. For the causative subtype alone use ''Yanking''. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'jerk' in Wordnet: 1. (15) yank, jerk - (pull, or move with a sudden movement; 'He turned the handle and jerked the door open')`
Super-classes	Motion^c Acceleration^c
Sub-classes	Twitch^c StartledMovement^c Cringing^c Yanking^c

Jesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jesting`
Description	''Jesting'' is an informal ''SpokenCommunicating'' in which a Person makes joking remarks, not intended to be taken seriously. NOTE: this is informal; the subtype ''"JokeTelling'' is for telling jokes as an ''EntertainmentEvent''. 'just joking!' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'jest' in WordNet: 1. (1) joke, jest - (tell a joke; speak humorously; 'He often jokes even when he appears serious')`
Super-classes	SpokenCommunicating^c
Sub-classes	JokeTelling^c

Jesuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jesuit`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jesuit' in WordNet: 1. (2) Jesuit - (a member of the Jesuit order)`
Super-classes	CatholicPerson^c Cleric^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value JesuitOrder^c

JesuitOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JesuitOrder`
Description	The ''JesuitOrder'' has many members who are ''Priest''s, but also some who are not. It is not a ''MonasticOrder'', but its members can work in different capacities, notably as teachers in Jesuit colleges and universities. The course of study to become a full member of the 'Jesuits' is long and tedious. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jesuit order' in WordNet: 1. Society of Jesus, Jesuit order - (a Roman Catholic order founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 to defend Catholicism against the Reformation and to do missionary work among the heathen; it is strongly committed to education and scholarship)`
Super-classes	ReligiousOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value Jesuit^c

Jesuitic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jesuitic

Description

        NOTE: 'Jesuitical' has an additional meaning: see ''Jesuitical''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Jesuitic' in Wordnet:
          1. Jesuitical, Jesuitic, Jesuit - (having qualities characteristic 
               of Jesuits or Jesuitism; 'Jesuitical education')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Jesuitical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jesuitical`
Description	`This sense of 'Jesuitical' is not in WN. RHW adj. 'Jesuitical': 2. (often l.c.) practicing casuistry or equivocation; using subtle or oversubtle reasoning; crafty; sly; intriguing`
Super-classes	Subtile^c

JetAirplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JetAirplane`
Description	CYC: 'JetPropelledAircraft': The collection of all aircraft propelled by #$JetEngines. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jet' in WordNet: 1. (2) jet, jet plane, jet-propelled plane - (an airplane powered by one or more jet engines)`
Super-classes	Airplane^c Monoplane^c
Restrictions	usesEnergySource^op value JetEngine^c isPropelledBy^op value JetEngine^c hasComponentPart^op value JetEngine^c

JetEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JetEngine`
Description	CYC: the collection of all #$Engines designed for use in #$JetPropelledAircraft. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jet engine' in WordNet: 1. jet engine - (a gas turbine produces a stream of hot gas that propels a jet plane by reaction propulsion)`
Super-classes	AircraftEngine^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value JetOfGas^c

JetOfFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JetOfFluid`
Description	COSMO note:this is broader than the CYC meaning, in that the 'jet' may be contained within a conduit. A distinction, as in CYC, may be needed. CYC: A straight long and thin region of fluid which is in a fluid that is moving relative to its fluid surroundings. Thus there are water jets in whirlpools, air jets at the exhaust of jet engines. I guess we want to say that car exhaust usually does not jet out of the tail pipe (unless of course you are driving the Batmobile). NOTE that this is a ''PhysicalObject'' but its distinctive characteristic is that it is flowing and this makes it a ''DynamicObject'' in the sense used in COSMO. No WordNet noun seems to have this meaning. The closest is sense 5 of 'jet': in WordNet: 5. fountain, jet - (an artificially produced flow of water)
Super-classes	DynamicObject^c LongAndThinObject^c FluidObject^c
Sub-classes	JetOfGas^c JetOfWater^c JetOfSteamAndWater^c

JetOfGas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JetOfGas`
Description	COSMO note:this is broader than the CYC meaning, in that the 'jet' may be contained within a conduit. A distinction, as in CYC, may be needed. `NOTE that this is a ''PhysicalObject'' but its distinctive characteristic is that it is flowing and this makes it a ''DynamicObject'' in the sense used in COSMO.`
Super-classes	JetOfFluid^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Gas^c

JetOfSteamAndWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JetOfSteamAndWater`
Description	A ''JetOfSteamAndWater'' ''JetOfFluid'' that includes ''JetOfWater'' and a ''JetOfGas'' in which the ''Gas'' is ''Steam''. `This type of Object is emitted by a ''Geyser'' and possibly other sources.`
Super-classes	JetOfFluid^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value HotWater^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Steam^c hasComponentPart^op value JetOfWater^c hasComponentPart^op value JetOfGas^c

JetOfWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JetOfWater`
Description	A ''JetOfWater'' is a WaterObject propelled in a relatively narrow stream through the air. This does not have to be continuous, as the jets in a geyser or a whale's ''Spouting'' may be thin and intermittent and mixed with gas. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'jet' in WordNet: 2. (1) jet, squirt, spurt, spirt - (the occurrence of a sudden discharge (as of liquid))`
Super-classes	WaterObject^c JetOfFluid^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water^c

Jetsam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jetsam`
Description	This ''Jetsam'' is a Group consisting of all of the PhysicalObjects that remain floating after being jettisoned to try to prevent a ''Ship'' from sinking, typically a part of the''ShipsCargo''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jetsam' in WordNet: 1. jetsam - (the part of a ship's equipment or cargo that is thrown overboard to lighten the load in a storm)`
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalObject^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ShipsCargo^c

Jewel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jewel`
Description	A ''Gemstone'' (piece of mineral ''GemStuff''), or a ''Pearl'' or some synthetic object designed to resemble such things, that has been cut and polished so as to be suitable to wear in a piece of Jewelry. This sense of Jewel includes only the stone (or pearl) itself, and not the setting. Instances of this type do not have to be polished or otherwise made ready for inclusion in Jewelry. For the gemstones, use ''Gemstone''. NOTE that every Jewel is an Ornament, because it was designed to be ornamental (even if it is never used as an ornament). NOTE that every ''Jewel'' is a ''PersonalPossession'' that is owned by some agent. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'jewel' (includes polished 'Gemstone''s not yet set in a piece of jewelry) in WordNet: 1. (2) jewel, gem, precious stone - (a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry)
Super-classes	Gemstone^c SmallObject^c Valuable-PersonalPossession^c Ornament^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	Pearl^c

JewelSetting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JewelSetting`
Description	A ''JewelSetting'' is a ''Mounting'' that is used for displaying .some kind of ''Jewel'' for wearing on the body. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'setting' in WordNet: 6. mount, setting - (a mounting consisting of a piece of metal (as in a ring or other jewelry) that holds a gem in place; 'the diamond was in a plain gold mount')`
Super-classes	Mounting^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Jewelry^c isDesignedToHold^op value Jewel^c

Jeweler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jeweler`
Description	A ''Jeweler'' is a ''Merchant'' who sells ''Jewelry''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'jeweler' in WordNet: 2. jeweler, jeweller - (someone in the business of selling jewelry)`
Super-classes	Manager^c Merchant^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Jewelry^c

Jewelry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jewelry`
Description	A piece of Jewelry - a jewelry item (not the collective sense of multiple pieces of jewelry). NOTE that this is construed broadly, so that anything worn that is in any way decorative (rather than symboplic - like a ''Badge'') is included. Special examples are a ''Crown''. `Cyc: The collection of all kinds of jewelry - items made of precious stones and/or metals, or fake analogs of these, intended to be worn on the body/clothing for decoration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jewelry' in WordNet: 1. jewelry, jewellery - (an adornment (as a bracelet or ring or necklace) made of precious metals and set with gems (or imitation gems))`
Super-classes	Valuable-PersonalPossession^c HandSizedObject^c Collectible^c DurableGood^c Decoration^c NonPoweredDevice^c SomethingToWear^c
Sub-classes	JewelryPin^c Crown^c Cufflink^c Tiara^c Earring^c Bracelet^c Pendant^c Necklace^c

JewelryMaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JewelryMaker`
Description	A ''JewelryMaker'' is a ''Person''or ''Organization'' that makes ''Jewelry''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jewelry maker' in WordNet: 1. jewelry maker, jeweler, jeweller - (someone who makes jewelry)`
Super-classes	Maker^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Jewelry^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MakingJewelry^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value MakingJewelry^c

JewelryPin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JewelryPin`
Description	A Jewelry ''Pin'' has an integrated part that allows it to be fastened to a piece of clothing, usually a top or lapel. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pin' in WordNet: 1. (1) pin - (a piece of jewelry that is pinned onto the wearer's garment)`
Super-classes	Jewelry^c ClothingAccessory^c SymbolicObject^c PinnableObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Clothing-Top^c
Sub-classes	Brooch^c

JewelryStore-Facility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JewelryStore-Facility`
Description	CYC: The collection of all physical constructions housing jewelry stores. `NOTE: in WN thissynset represents the Organization that is a Jewery Dealer. This type is the physical store - the Organizations have not yet been represented at that level of detail; when it is this should be switched to the organizatin. BIT - the store itself is not represented in WN. This is temporary label until more detail is added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jewelry store' in WordNet: 1. jewelry dealer, jewelry store - (a firm that sells and buys jewelry)`
Super-classes	HumanShelterConstruction^c RetailStore^c Facility-Generic^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Jewelry^c

Jewish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jewish

Description

''Jewish'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''JewishPerson'' or the ''Jews'' or ''Judaism'' or he culture of the Jews. This is usually written with a capital 'J'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jewish' in WordNet:
       1. (52) Jewish, Judaic - (of or relating to Jews or their culture or religion;
         'He is Jewish'; 'a Jewish wedding')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

JewishGhetto^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JewishGhetto`
Description	A ''Ghetto'' created by law and restricted to Jewish people. (no representation yet of 'Pale of Settlement' in Russia.) 'isTheLocationOf' - what? how to espress restriction? Can a 'Government' of a locality create a Ghetto? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ghetto' in WordNet: 1. (5) ghetto - (formerly the restricted quarter of many European cities in which Jews were required to live; 'the Warsaw ghetto')`
Super-classes	Ghetto^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Restricted^c wasCreatedBy^op some Government^c

JewishHoliday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JewishHoliday`
Description	A ''ReligiousHoliday'' celebrated by Jewish people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jewish holy day' in WordNet: 1. Jewish holy day - (a religious holiday for Jews)`
Super-classes	ReligiousHoliday^c
Sub-classes	Passover^c YomKippur^c Hanukkah^c RoshHashana^c

JewishPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JewishPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who adhere to a faith in ''Judaism'' or simply consider themselves to be Jewish. This may simply entail some sort of loose ethnic tie or allegiance, and does not necessarily imply belief in any of the tenets of Judaism or practice of Jewish rituals. The restriction requires that every JewishPerson believes Judaism, but the interpretation of Judaism can vary. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jew' in WordNet: 1. (55) Jew, Hebrew, Israelite - (a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties)`
Super-classes	Person^c ReligiousPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Jewish^c isaMemberOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jews^c believes^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judaism^c
Sub-classes	ObservantJew^c Rabbi^c

JigDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JigDevice`
Description	A''JigDevice'' is used to hold an object while the Object is being shaped by another Device. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'jig' in WordNet: 3. jig - (a device that holds a piece of machine work and guides the tools operating on it)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ShapingSomething^c

JigSaw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JigSaw

Description

A ''JigSaw'' is a ''PowerSaw'' with a thin blade that oscillates back and forth to allow the holder to cut a (relatively thin) piece of wood without pushing the arm back and forth.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jigsaw' in WordNet:
           1. saber saw, jigsaw, reciprocating saw - (a portable power saw 
              with a reciprocating blade; can be used with a variety of blades 
              depending on the application and kind of cut; generally have a plate 
              that rides on the surface that is being cut)

Super-classes PowerSaw^c

Jiggling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jiggling

Description

     NOTE: 'squirm' does not fit the sense intended here, as a rapid back-and-forth
        motion (usually of a body part, but possibly causing an object to
        move back and forth).

     Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'jiggle' in WordNet:
       1. jiggle, joggle, wiggle - (move to and fro; 
          'Don't jiggle your finger while the nurse is putting on the bandage!')
     WN noun 'wiggle':
       1. wiggle, wriggle, squirm - (the act of wiggling)

Super-classes ShakingMotion^c

JigsawPuzzle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JigsawPuzzle`
Description	Produced by subjecting a physical Picture to a ''CuttingInPieces'' Action. It is 'solved' by ''PiecingTogether'' the separate interlocking pieces. `NOTE: This needs elaboration by creating a 'SolvingaJigsawPuzzle' entry, and adding ''hasComponentObjectType'' - JigsawPuzzlePiece' (describing the pieces) @ToDO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jigsaw puzzle' in WordNet: 1. jigsaw puzzle - (a puzzle that requires you to reassemble a picture that has been mounted on a stiff base and cut into interlocking pieces)`
Super-classes	Puzzle-TangibleProduct^c Print^c PhysicalImage^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value PiecingTogether^c

Jihad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jihad`
Description	NOTE:the term 'jihad' is commonly used for the violent war and terrorism that is represented in COSMO by ''InternationalJihad''. This ''Jihad'' is for a personal religious non-violent struggle. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'jihad' in WordNet: 2. jihad, jehad - (a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal)`
Super-classes	Striving^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MuslimPerson^c

Jihadist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jihadist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jihadist' in WordNet: 1. Jihadist - (a Muslim who is involved in a jihad)`
Super-classes	MuslimPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value InternationalJihad^c

Jilted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jilted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jilted' in Wordnet: 1. jilted, rejected, spurned - (rebuffed (by a lover) without warning; 'jilted at the altar')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Jilting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jilting`
Description	''Jilting'' is an intentional ''LeavingSomethingBehind'' where the thing left is a ''Lover'', often a fiance(e). This is a unilateral action, not previously agreed to by both parties, and may come as a surprise. It usually causes ''Disappointment'' in the Person jilted. The relation 'hadAffectedPerson' points to the ''Lover'' who was left behind. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'jilt' in WordNet: 1. (2) jilt - (cast aside capriciously or unfeelingly; 'jilt a lover or a bride')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c LeavingSomethingBehind^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Disappointment^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Jilted^c hadAffectedPerson^op value Lover^c

Jinx^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jinx`
Description	A ''Jinx'' is an Evil spell that causes something bad to happen to a Person or other living thing, produced by an ''UtteringaCurse'' Action. ?Q: can an inanimate object be cursed? e.g. so that it will cause bad things to happen? Needs a different type of hex or a broadening of this type. Examples? `NOTE that a ''Spell'' is considered as a more general parent type of this more specific kind of 'curse' which is applied to people or animals only. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'curse' in WordNet: 3. (1) hex, jinx, curse, whammy - (an evil spell; 'a witch put a curse on his whole family'; 'he put the whammy on me')`
Super-classes	Spell^c BadThing^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c isCausedBy^op value UtteringaCurse^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Evil^c

JobDescription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JobDescription`
Description	The text that describes the duties of a particular 'EmploymentPosition' even of that text exists only in the head of the manager that will evaluate candidates or evaluate the performance of a person filling that post. A JobDescription is a description of the tasks that must be performed by the person holding a compensated job (Employment) and may include a list of the skills required to perform those tasks. A JobDescription will contain at least one and possibly multiple TaskDescriptions. The main distinction from a TaskDescription is that the tasks in a JobDescription are being performed for compensation (as Employment), and are likely to include multiple iterations of the same Task. This type can be used for informal descriptions of the duties of a Job (Job); a formal job description, written in documents used by large companies is a subtype of this type, labeled 'FormalJobDescription'. The Tasks described by a JobDescription are those that the employer wants the employee to perform; @ToDo: this restiction is not yet (rev813) formalized. NOTE: This type is a Description, not an Action, therefore it does not directly represent the actions constituting the actual performance of the tasks accompanying a JobPosition, it describes those actions and responsibilities. This roughly corresponds to 'job' sense 4 inWordNet,but that sense is a 'responsibility' and this is a description of that responsibility, so this needs to be expanded. in WordNet: 4. (54) job - (the responsibility to do something; 'it is their job to print the truth')
Super-classes	AbstractText^c Assignment^c TaskDescription^c
Restrictions	describes^op some JobSituation^c
Sub-classes	FormalJobDescription^c

JobFunctions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JobFunctions`
Description	''JobFunctions'' is an ''ActionGroup'' that some Person or Group is expected to perform to execute the specifications of a ''JobDescription''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'function' in WordNet: 3. (7) function, office, part, role - (the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; 'the function of a teacher'; 'the government must do its part'; 'play its role')`
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some JobDescription^c
Sub-classes	FillingInaPosition^c

JobHolder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JobHolder`
Description	A ''JobHolder'' is an ''Employee'' with an ongoing regular job rather than a 'contractor' hired for one specific short-term work. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jobholder' in WordNet: 1. jobholder - (an employee who has a regular job)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Employee^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value EmploymentPosition^c

JobInterview^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JobInterview

Description

An ''Interviewing'' Action in which a potential employer meets with a potential employee to determine suitability for a job, and to rank interviewees for comparison.

       Corresponds to verb sense 2  of 'interview' in Wordnet:
           2. (5) interview - (discuss formally with (somebody) for the purpose of an evaluation;
               'We interviewed the job candidates')

Super-classes FormalMeeting^c
InformationGathering^c
Asking^c

JobSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JobSituation`
Description	A ''JobSituation'' is the StaticSituation of performing the work required by a ''EmploymentPosition'', implying being Employed (not necessarily paid), a reified relation between an Employer and Employee. The Employee may be an Organization. This type reifies the relation 'isEmployedBy'. @ToDo: the implication of the relation 'isEmployedBy' will include the existence of an instance of this type, and vice-versa. To be added in the FOL version. NOTE that this differs from 'EmploymentPosition' in being the employment relation for an individual, not the generic post within an organization. A person can 'have' a job, but 'occupy' a post or position. NOTE: the difference between a ''JobSituation'' and an ''EmploymentPosition''is not clearly defined and needs to be further analyzed. @ToDo. This ''StaticSituation'' is also a subtype of ''WorkingEvent'' because part of the 'situation' requires that a person do some kind of work. For the line of work that a person engages in while doing her/his 'Job', use 'Occupation'. NOTE that the restriction requires that at least one of the 'PaidTask' be specified for any given 'Job'. A Job may require the employee to perform any number of PaidTasks (the employee's 'responsibility'). This is sense 2 of 'job in RHW: 2.a post of employment; full-time or part-time position: She was seeking a job as an editor. *BUT* No sense of 'job' in WordNet corresponds to this Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'employment' and sense 6 of 'position' and sense 3 of 'post' in WordNet: 1. (9) employment, employ - (the state of being employed or having a job; 'they are looking for employment'; 'he was in the employ of the city') WN 'position': 6. (12) position, post, berth, office, spot, billet, place, situation - (a job in an organization; 'he occupied a post in the treasury') WN noun 'service': 5. (107) service - (employment in or work for another; 'he retired after 30 years of service')
Super-classes	EmploymentPosition^c InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent^c ValuableThing^c WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadEmployer^op some IntelligentAgent^c hadEmployee^op some PersonWithOccupation^c caused^op some PaidTask^c produces^op value Employment^c isaSubEventOf^op some Occupation^c isCausedBy^op value EmployeeHiring^c
Sub-classes	Booking^c TemporaryPosition^c MilitaryService^c
In domain of	hadEmployee^op hadEmployer^op

JockStrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JockStrap`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jockstrap' in WordNet: 1. athletic supporter, supporter, suspensor, jockstrap, jock - (a support for the genitals worn by men engaging in strenuous exercise)`
Super-classes	ProtectiveClothing^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Penis^c

Jockey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jockey`
Description	A ''Jockey'' is a ''HorsebackRider'' who rides a Horse ina HorseRace.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jockey' in WordNet: 1. (1) jockey - (someone employed to ride horses in horse races)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c HorsebackRider^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op some RidingaRaceHorse^c controlsManually^op value RaceHorse^c performsAction^op some RidingaRaceHorse^c

Jogging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jogging`
Description	A relaxed, relatively slow (not vigorous) manner of ''Running''. Usually done for exercise. Done by people. `For horses trotting, use ''Trotting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trot' in WordNet: 1. (10) trot, jog, clip - (run at a moderately swift pace)`
Super-classes	Gait^c Running^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c)

JoiningAnOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JoiningAnOrganization`
Description	COSMO note: this type is the one to use for the notion of 'joining' an organization, whether a club, a non-profit organization, a commercial organization, or a small impromptu group of people - as long as it has some organizational structure.. Cyc JoiningAnOrganization': A subcollection of #$OrganizationalTransfer. In each instance of #$OrganizationalTransferIn, an agent (an instance of #$IntelligentAgent) gains membership in some organization. Note that the agent may also, but need not, lose membership in some other organization. Instances of #$OrganizationalTransferIn would include hiring someone at a company or admitting a nation to NATO. Note that any event in which an agent leaves one organization to join another would be an instance of both #$OrganizationalTransferIn and #$OrganizationalTransferOut (q.v.). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'join' in WordNet: 1. (76) join, fall in, get together - (become part of; become a member of a group or organization; 'He joined the Communist Party as a young man')
Super-classes	OrganizationalTransfer^c GroupTransferIn^c AdmittingToMembership^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value OrganizationMember^c hasEndingPlace^op value Organization^c
Sub-classes	Rejoining^c InfiltratingaGroup^c EmployeeHiring^c

JoiningTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JoiningTogether`
Description	''JoiningTogether'' is an Event in which two or more Objects (Physical or Abstract) become linked in some manner as to form an Object or Group or organization with an identity separate from that of the individual elements.. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'join' in WordNet: 5. (1) connect, link, link up, join, unite - (be or become joined or united or linked; 'The two streets connect to become a highway'; 'Our paths joined'; 'The travelers linked up again at the airport')`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (Group^c or GroupType^c or Organization^c or OrganizationType^c)

Joint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Joint`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'joint' in Wordnet: 2. (1) joint - (affecting or involving two or more; 'joint income-tax return'; 'joint ownership')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bilateral^c

Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Joint-AnimalBodyPart`
Description	A specialization of #$Joint-Physical and #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart is a juncture between the ends or edges of abutting bones of an animal's skeleton. Joints are of several types mechanically (e.g., ball-and-socket, hinged). Many major joints function as hinges, in which the ends of the abutting bones are joined with ligaments and cushioned by cartilege. `SUMO: (BodyJoint) BodyJunctions where different parts of the same Skeleton come together. NOTE that this is a subtype of the more general 'Joint-Physical' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'joint' in WordNet: 1. (3) joint, articulation, articulatio - ((anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion))`
Super-classes	Joint-Physical^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	SacroIliacJoint^c Elbow^c SynovialJoint^c Knee^c Knuckle^c

Joint-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Joint-Physical`
Description	COSMO note: the CYC definition does not seem to require that the joint be flexible.?? This is the intended COSMO usage, but the subytype ''Seam'' is not necessarily flexible - consider it further. Need a FlexibleJoint subtype to be clear?? "junction" CYC; A specialization of #$Connection-Physical. Each instance of #$Joint-Physical is a group consisting of parts of at least two instances of #$PartiallyTangible that are mechanically connected in the manner of a joint. Examples include an elbow, and a hinge joining a door to a frame. While each #$Joint-Physical is an instance of #$PartiallyTangible, and therefore has a determinate spatial boundary, there are many cases in which there are no easily describable boundaries between the parts of joint-connected objects that are parts of the joint, and those which are not. For example, consider a ball and socket joint connecting some hip bone to a femur. The boundaries of this joint are obscure due to the fact that exact boundaries of the socket portion of the hip and the ball of the femur are obscure. In contrast, the spatial boundaries of a joint comprising a detachable hinge, such as those that typically connect a door to frame, are clear. NOTE that the anatomical 'joint' is the subtype Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'joint' in WordNet: 1. articulation, join, joint, juncture, junction - (the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made) 5. joint - (junction by which parts or objects are joined together)
Super-classes	Junction^c Connection-Physical^c
Sub-classes	Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c Weld^c Hinge^c Seam^c

JointWrittenWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JointWrittenWork`
Description	A ''JointWrittenWork'' is a ''WrittenWork'' created by two or more 'Authors''.
Super-classes	WrittenWork^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Coauthors^c

Jointly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jointly

Description

''Jointly'' is an adverb meaning 'performed together in close cooperation', characterizing Actions performed by two or more people working toward the same goal.

    Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'jointly' in WordNet:
      1. (3) jointly - (in collaboration or cooperation; 'this paper was written jointly')

Super-classes Together^c

Joke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Joke`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc called 'Joke-CW'. this is the abstract content of a joke; for the event of telling a joke, use 'JokeTelling'. Each instance of verbally telling a Joke causes creation of a new instance of Joke, even though the words and content may be identical to previous tellings. The relation between different versions of the same basic joke is not yet (v753) established, but jokes that are essentially the same, but may vary slightly from telling to telling, will fall into a subtype of Joke that has as instances all of the individual Jokes of closely related type (e.g. 'lawyer goes to heaven joke'). Jokes will form a hierarchy by topic, but that hierarchy is not yet (v753) included in COSMO. NOTE that for each recording or reprint of an instance of Joke resulting from a verbal JokeTelling, the Joke (conceptual content) will be the same instance. If a Joke is quoted, the conceptual content will be the same as the original. Cyc: The collection of all #$PropositionalConceptualWorks consisting of a small number of sentences intended primarily to amuse an addressee. Instances of #$Joke-CW often involve wordplay that depends on the identity of the words used in addition to the propositions expressed. Instances of #$Joke-CW can be either monologues, in which the speaker relates an instance of #$Narrative with a humorous ending, or (usually formulaic) dialogues, in which the addressee reponds to the speaker's utterances in a predictable way. Use #$JokeAboutFn to create specializations of #$Joke-CW. (See #$Joke-IBT for actual written or spoken jokes and #$JokeTelling for acts of telling jokes.) Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'joke' in WordNet: 1. (10) joke, gag, laugh, jest, jape - (a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter; 'he told a very funny joke'; 'he knows a million gags'; 'thanks for the laugh'; 'he laughed unpleasantly at his own jest'; 'even a schoolboy's jape is supposed to have some ascertainable point')
Super-classes	PropositionalConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	Pun^c

Joke-IBT^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Joke-IBT`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$InformationBearingThings whose information content is a #$Joke-CW. A #$Joke-IBT is the #$communicationToken in any act of #$JokeTelling. `COSMO note: this would seem to be the document or actual speaking act that physically represents the abstract content of a ''Joke''. Left as a stub until more detail is needed.`
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op only Joke^c

JokeTelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JokeTelling`
Description	COSMO: the Action of Telling a joke, verbally. Each JokeTelling creates a new instance of Joke, even if the content is very similar to previous instances; see 'Joke' `This is for an ''EntertainmentEvent''. For informal 'jesting' use the parent ''Jesting''. Practical jokes are not included in this type. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'joke' in WordNet: 1. (2) joke, jest - (tell a joke; speak humorously; 'He often jokes even when he appears serious')`
Super-classes	Jesting^c EntertainmentEvent^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Joke^c
Sub-classes	ConvulsingAnAudience^c MakingaQuip^c TellingaPun^c

Jolliness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jolliness

Description

'Jolliness' is the subtype of emotion 'Amusement-Feeling' that is a more intense form of being amused. For the more specific feeling that causes one to laugh, use 'Mirth'.

        Includes sense 1 of 'jolliness' and sense 1 of 'mirth' and sense 1 of
          'merriment' in WordNet:
         1. jollity, jolliness, joviality - (feeling jolly and jovial and
             full of good humor)
        WN noun 'mirth': 
         1. hilarity, mirth, mirthfulness, glee, gleefulness - (great merriment)
        WN noun 'merriment':
         1. (2) gaiety, merriment - (a gay feeling)

Super-classes Amusement-Feeling^c

Jolt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jolt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jolt' in WordNet: 1. (1) jolt, jar, jounce - (a sudden impact; 'the door closed with a jolt')`
Super-classes	Blow^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c

Jolting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jolting

Description

This ''Jolting'' chracterizes the experience of riding in a motor vehicle on a bumpy road.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jolting' in Wordnet:
         1. rough, rocky, bumpy, jolty, jolting, jumpy - (causing or characterized by 
             jolts and irregular movements; 'a rough ride')

Super-classes Unpleasant^c

JoltingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JoltingSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'jolt' in WordNet: 1. (1) jolt, jar - (move or cause to move with a sudden jerky motion)`
Super-classes	CausingAnObjectToMove^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c

Jordanian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jordanian

Description

''Jordanian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Peru'' or a ''JordanianPerson'' or things associated with Jordan or its people or culture.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Jordanian' in Wordnet:
          1. Jordanian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Jordan or its people;
              'Jordanian archeological sites')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

JordanianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JordanianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jordanian' in WordNet: 1. Jordanian - (a native or inhabitant of Jordan)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jordan^c

JottingDownSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JottingDownSomething`
Description	''JottingDownSomething'' is a ''WritingByHand'' that produces a short hand-written note (a ''Jotting''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jot down' in WordNet: 1. jot down, jot - (write briefly or hurriedly; write a short note of)`
Super-classes	WritingByHand^c
Restrictions	produces^op value HandwrittenNote^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hurried^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

Joule^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Joule

Description

SI energy measure. Symbol: J. It is the work done when the point of application of 1 Newton is displaced a distance of 1 Meter in the direction of the force. Joule = Nm = m^2kg*s^(-2).

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'joule' in Wordnet:
     1. (5) joule, J, watt second - (a unit of electrical energy 
     equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through
     a resistance of one ohm for one second)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Journal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Journal`
Description	A ''Journal'' is the Group of Abstract SymbolicObjects that are represented by the full series of physical issues of 'Journal-Physical' from its first publication to the present (thus this series may have more content at later times, while the journal is still publishing). This is the abstract content of those ''Journal-Physical''s. `This is not the organization that publishes the Journal. The organization can be of any type, but most commonly this refers to scientific societies or publishers that publish research (scientific or literary). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'journal' in WordNet: 2. (1) journal - (a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; "he reads the medical journals")`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c PeriodicalSeries^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Scholarly^c hasComponentElement^op only Journal-Abstract^c

Journal-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Journal-Abstract`
Description	A ''Journal-Abstract'' is one element of a series of periodical issues of a ''Journal''. Each ''Journal-Abstract'' contains one or more ''JournalArticle''s which are scholarly dicusions of some topic. `WN 'journal' is ambiguous between an idividual issue and the abstract series. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'journal' in WordNet: 2. (1) journal - (a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; "he reads the medical journals")`
Super-classes	PeriodicalIssue^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some Journal-Physical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Scholarly^c

Journal-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Journal-Physical`
Description	A ''Journal-Physical'' is an instance of a physical, printed 'journal'.- , the physical object, not the informational content. A ''Journal'' is he series of ''Journal-Physical''s that publish factual information. Each ''Journal'' focuses on some specific specialized topic, and includes articles that review some topic or present the results of research on some topic. `WN 'journal' is ambiguous between an idividual issue and the abstract series. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'journal' in WordNet: 2. (1) journal - (a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; 'he reads the medical journals')`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c PeriodicalCopy^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only Journal-Abstract^c

JournalArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JournalArticle`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Article-PCW which are published in an instance of #$JournalIssue. This is the abstract article. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper' in WordNet: 4. (5) paper - (a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses; 'he has written many scientific papers')`
Super-classes	ScholarlyArticle^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some Journal-Abstract^c

Journalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Journalism`
Description	''Journalism'' is the ''Occupation'' of a professional ''Journalist'' who performs ''ReportingNews'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'journalism' in WordNet: 2. journalism - (the profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the media)`
Super-classes	Occupation^c Profession^c
Restrictions	isTheOccupationOfA^op value Journalist^c isPerformedBy^op value Journalist^c

Journalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Journalist`
Description	CYC: The collection of persons who write for periodicals. These days this includes online writing as in blogs. SUMO: The Profession of being a news reporter, i.e. investigating and reporting, in a publication or broadcast program, current events. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'journalist' in WordNet, including radio television and Web-based professional news reporters.(noun sense 1 of 'reporter' in WN): in WordNet: 1. (4) journalist - (a writer for newspapers and magazines) WN noun 'reporter': 1. (10) reporter, newsman, newsperson - (a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories)
Super-classes	Expert^c Professional-Adult^c Writer^c Person^c MediaProfessional^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ReportingNews^c practicesOccupation^op value Journalism^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value ReportingNews^c
Sub-classes	NewsCorrespondent^c Columnist^c

Journalistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Journalistic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'journalistic' in Wordnet: 1. journalistic - (of or relating to or having the characteristics of journalism; 'journalistic writing')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Joy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Joy`
Description	A pleasant EmotionalState, being an intense form of Happiness, more intense than 'Delight', and lasting longer than a few minutes, and directed at some specific cause. This is the current (rev907) most intense form of 'Happiness'. @ToDo: perhaps 'ecstasy' is more intense? The 'isDirectedToward' relation can point to the cause of the Joy. `NOTE: this is a subEvent of 'recoice' which is separate in WN. Unclear how 'joy' is used as a transitive verb?? Perhaps this should be undirected - can 'Joy' not have a recognizable cause? Corresponds to sense 1 of 'joy' in WordNet: 1. joy, joyousness, joyfulness - (the emotion of great happiness)`
Super-classes	Delight^c Happiness^c DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Joyful^c
Sub-classes	Excitement^c Elation^c Exhilaration^c

Joyful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Joyful`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Joy. NOTE: WN has 'joyful and 'joyous' as separate synsets, but until a clear logical distinction can be descrived these are considered as synonyms. RHW has them in a synonym list for 'joyful': Syn. 1. joyous, happy, blithe; buoyant, elated, jubilant. See gay. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'joyful' and sense 1 of 'delighted' in WordNet: 2. elated, gleeful, joyful, jubilant - (full of high-spirited delight; 'a joyful heart') WN adj 'delighted': 1. (3) delighted - (greatly pleased) WN adj 'joyous': 1. (4) joyous - (full of or characterized by joy; 'felt a joyous abandon'; 'joyous laughter')
Super-classes	Delighted^c
Sub-classes	Exultant^c Euphoric^c

Judge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judge`
Description	A judge in a governmental legal system. People who judge competitions or conflicts are elements of #$JudicialAgent, but are not elements of #$Judge. `SUMO: An Attorney who has the power of deciding legal cases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'judge' in WordNet: 1. (6) judge, justice, jurist, magistrate - (a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice)`
Super-classes	LegalProfessional^c Lawyer^c JudicialAgent^c PublicOfficial^c
Sub-classes	Mufti^c

Judging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judging`
Description	A Judging is a mental event in which some consideration of evidence and weighing of alternatives is involved. It is not as specific as a Deciding, in that Deciding implies that some future course of action is being considered, whereas the more general Judging may have no consequence other than an evaluation of some situation for one's own internal appreciation or information. An esthetic appreciation can be a Judging without any Deciding on what the results of that Judging should entail. The kind of ''Judging'' done by the Judge of a court is the subtype ''JudicialDecision''. NOTE that although every 'Judgment' (which see) is caused by some act of Judging, it is not necessarily true that an act of Judging will result in a Judgment - the available facts may be inconclusive in the opinion of the judging person. Therefore there is a 'causes' relation specified between Judging and Belief, but it is between types and therefore does not require existence of an instance of Belief produced by the Judging. Corresponds to verb senses 1, 2 and 5 of 'judge' and noun senses 2 and 4 of 'judgment' (the legal sense 5 could be a subtype): in WordNet: WN verb 'judge': 1. (11) judge - (determine the result of (a competition)) 2. (8) evaluate, pass judgment, judge - (form a critical opinion of; 'I cannot judge some works of modern art'; 'How do you evaluate this grant proposal?' 'We shouldn't pass judgment on other people') 5. judge, adjudicate, try - (put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of; 'The football star was tried for the murder of his wife'; 'The judge tried both father and son in separate trials') WN noun 'judgment': 2. (11) judgment, judgement, assessment - (the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event; 'they criticized my judgment of the contestants') 4. (3) judgment, judgement, judging - (the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions)
Super-classes	Thinking^c Considering^c
Sub-classes	JudgingaSportsEvent^c Canceling^c Picking^c Deciding^c Deciding-Collectively^c

JudgingaSportsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudgingaSportsEvent`
Description	''JudgingaSportsEvent'' is an of several types of ''Judging'' in which some kind of ''SportsJudge'' uses past experience and observation to decide some question about actions in a SportsEvent, such as grading the performance of a contestant in a competition where actions can be rated on a numerical scale, or deciding whether some player has violate a rule and may become liable to a penalty or make the team liable to a penalty, or whether a ball is in or out of bounds, and other such events requiring judgment by an unbiased judge according to some rules. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'judge' in WordNet: 1. (11) judge - (determine the result of (a competition))`
Super-classes	Judging^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value SportsJudge^c
Sub-classes	Refereeing^c

Judgment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judgment`
Description	A Judgment is a Belief that is based on some degree of consideration of evidence and weighing alternatives. A pure act of faith is not a Judgment. WordNet synset (judgment, judgement, mind) is defined 'an opinion formed by judging something'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'judgment' in WordNet: WN 'judgment' noun: 1. (19) judgment, judgement, mind - (an opinion formed by judging something; 'he was reluctant to make his judgment known'; 'she changed her mind')`
Super-classes	Belief^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op only (IntelligentAgent^c or PersonType^c or FictionalCharacter^c or GroupType^c or Group^c) isTheResultOf^op some Judging^c
Sub-classes	LegalDecision^c Decision^c Evaluation^c

JudgmentDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudgmentDay`
Description	''JudgmentDay'' is the ''EndOfheWorld'' scenario postulated in some religions when people are judged by God to determine how they spend eternity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Judgment Day' in WordNet: 1. Judgment Day, Judgement Day, Day of Judgment, Day of Judgement, Doomsday, Last Judgment, Last Judgement, Last Day, day of reckoning, doomsday, crack of doom, end of the world - ((New Testament) day of the Last Judgment when God will decree the fates of all men according to the good and evil of their earthly lives)`
Super-classes	EndOfheWorld^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Judging^c

Judicial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judicial`
Description	An AttributeValue of things asociated with ''Judge''s, courts of law or legal proceedings. `Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'judicial' in WordNet: 1. (1) judicial - (decreed by or proceeding from a court of justice; 'a judicial decision') 2. judicial - (belonging or appropriate to the office of a judge; 'judicial robes')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Appellate^c

JudicialAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudicialAgent`
Description	A specialization of #$LegalAgent. Each instance of #$JudicialAgent is a person or organization whose responsibility it is to judge or evaluate. Instances of #$JudicialAgent include officials at sporting events (see the collection #$SportsOfficial), judges of various competitions, as well as judges in the legal sense (see the collection #$Judge)
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c SocialBeing^c
Sub-classes	Prosecutor^c Judge^c Tribunal^c

JudicialDecision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudicialDecision`
Description	A ''JudicialDecision'' is the ''Deciding'' (an Action) done by an official ''Judge'' in a court of law. In the case of a CriminalTrial, a jury may render a verdict, but the presiding Judge renders the ''JudicialDecison'' (judgment). The ''JudicialDecison'' is usually the same as that of the jury (the verdict), but not necessarily so ('judgment NOV'). `@ToDO: the Judge usually considers Evidence and legal arguments. Add that in??? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'judgment' in WordNet: 3. (4) judgment, judgement, judicial decision - ((law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it)`
Super-classes	Deciding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Judge^c hasResult^op some LegalDecision^c hasSubEvent^op value Reasoning^c
Sub-classes	Enjoining^c Ruling^c

JudicialOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudicialOrder`
Description	Each 'JudicialOrder' is the AbstractText representing a legally binding 'CommandPhrase' issued by a judge (or formally, the court).
Super-classes	CommandPhrase^c TextualPCW^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some JudicialDecision^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Judicial^c
Sub-classes	Injunction^c

JudicialOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudicialOrganization`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Organizations that adjudicate or are otherwise engaged in finding facts or law that are the subject of dispute or in deciding among competing interests in some kind of organized forum. The #$UnitedStatesSupremeCourt is an instance of #$JudicialOrganization, as is a tribal council and the disciplinary arm of a local bar association. `SUMO: JudicialOrganization is the class of Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according to the statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. Judicial bodies are not necessarily government organizations, for example, those associated with sporting associations.`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	Court-Judicial^c

JudicialSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudicialSystem`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'judicial system' in WordNet: 1. judiciary, judicature, judicatory, judicial system - (the system of law courts that administer justice and constitute the judicial branch of government)`
Super-classes	LegalGovernmentOrganization^c
Sub-classes	DepartmentOfJustice^c

Judicious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judicious

Description

This type is the attribute of a WiseAct that characterizes it as Wise, exhibiting Wisdom (which includes ''GoodJudgment'').

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'judicious' and sense 2 of 'wise'
     in WordNet, pertaining to Actions:
  in Wordnet:
     2. (2) judicious, wise, heady - (marked by the exercise of good 
        judgment or common sense in practical matters;
        'judicious use of one's money'; 'a wise decision')

Super-classes EventAttributeValue^c
Good^c

JudoActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudoActivity`
Description	CYC: The collection of all activities consisting of a #$Person practicing, performing, or using judo, a Japanese system of unarmed combat, now primarily a sport. See also #$JudoSportsEvent. `This is any ''Activity'' that prototypically occurs in a 'JudoEvent'', including the whole Event.`
Super-classes	MartialArtsActivity-Asian^c
Sub-classes	JudoEvent^c

JudoEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JudoEvent

Description

CYC: Judo matches for sport. In CYC 'JudoSportsEvent'.

      NOTE: this WN synset is interpreted as an actual Judo match.
       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'judo' in WordNet:
         1. judo - (a sport adapted from jujitsu (using principles of not resisting) and similar to wrestling; developed in Japan)

Super-classes JudoActivity^c
IndividualSportsCompetition^c
MartialArtsSportsEvent^c

Jug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jug`
Description	A 'Jug' is a 'ContainerArtifact' that can be picked up by a Handle near the top in the shape of a loop (a 'LoopedHandle'). It is designed to hold liquids. `WordNet does not require a handle, but RHW does: RHW 'jug': a large container usually made of earthenware, metal, or glass, commonly having a handle, a narrow neck, and sometimes a cap or cork. The Restriction 'isdesignedToContain' allows one to specify a specific type of liquid that the Jug is intended to hold (e.g. Wine). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jug' in Wordnet: 1. (1) jug - (a large bottle with a narrow mouth)`
Super-classes	Bottle^c ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c isDesignedToContain^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c hasPhysicalPart^op value LoopedHandle^c
Sub-classes	GallonJug^c

Juggling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Juggling`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events of keeping three or more objects in the air by repeatedly catching and throwing them. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'juggling' in WordNet: 2. juggle, juggling - (throwing and catching several objects simultaneously) WN verb 'juggle': 4. juggle - (throw, catch, and keep in the air several things simultaneously)`
Super-classes	CoordinatedBodyMovement^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value CatchingWithHands^c hasSubEvent^op min 3

Juice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Juice`
Description	Any liquid substance derived from a living organism other than by excretion. This is more general than the more common and specialized sense of 'juice' restricted to liquids derived from plants, especially from fruit. For the more restricted sense, use 'PlantJuice'. This sense excludes blood, sweat, vomit, spit, and urine, but the subtype 'Succus'' includes digestive juices and some other organism fluids (so as to include sense 4 of WordNet). In order to be a 'Juice' it must have some significant organic component to distinguish it as arising from an organism. `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 4 of 'juice' in WordNet: 1. (2) juice - (the liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue)`
Super-classes	Beverage^c LiquidSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or OrganismType^c)
Sub-classes	Succus^c PlantJuice^c

Juicy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Juicy

Description

''Juicy'' is an attribute of mostly solid objects that have a significant component substance that is a ''Juice'' - a biologically derived liquid. If it is wet enough to flow,it is not solid enough to be ''Juicy''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'juicy' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) juicy - (full of juice)

Super-classes Moist^c

Jukebox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jukebox`
Description	CYC: The collection of all jukeboxes. A #$Jukebox is a coin-operated CD- or record-playing machine, usually found in restaurants or bars. This is broader than the traditional self-contained record-playing jukeboxes, and includes playing CDs, and includes distributed devices where the coin slot and selector are in a small box (e.g.on a diner counter) but the records and reader are connected electronically, with the music played over speakers that can be anywhere. `Includes but is broader than (also CDs) noun sense 1 of 'jukebox' in WordNet: 1. (1) jukebox, nickelodeon - (a cabinet containing an automatic record player; records are played by inserting a coin)`
Super-classes	PoweredDevice^c MediaPlayingDevice^c AudioSystem^c ManufacturedGoods^c StorageEntity^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Music^c isaSourceOf^op value Music^c

JulennedVegetable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JulennedVegetable`
Description	''JulennedVegetable'' is a ''Vegetable-Food'' prepared from any solid Vegetable by the process of ''Julienning''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'julienne' in WordNet: 1. julienne, julienne vegetable - (a vegetable cut into thin strips (usually used as a garnish))`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Julienning^c isDerivedFrom^op value VegetableFoodObject^c

Julienning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Julienning`
Description	''Julienning'' is the Action in which a person or machine slices a ''FoodObject''into thin strips. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'julienne' in WordNet: 1. julienne - (cut into long thin strips; 'julienne the potatoes')`
Super-classes	CuttingInPieces^c
Restrictions	produces^op value JulennedVegetable^c hadObjectModified^op some FoodObject^c

July^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#July

Description

The Class of all Months which are July.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'July' in WordNet:
    1. (14) July - (the month following June and preceding August)

Super-classes Month^c

Jumper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jumper

Description

CYC 'PlaySuit': The typical jumper-style playsuit worn by infants.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'jumper' in Wordnet:
           3. jumper - (a coverall worn by children)

Super-classes ChildrensClothing^c
Coverall^c
DurableGood^c
ClothingItem^c

Jumperoo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jumperoo`
Description	A ''Jumperoo''is a specialized kind of ''Chair'' designed for supporting and restraining very young children, having a low framework no more than three feet high, within which there is a spring-supported flexible seat in which a child can sit and bounce. Different versions have various attached or associated devices that can entertain a child while seated there. `Online definition: The Jumperoo is a safe and comfortable place for children to sit and play, Promotes Comfort and Security, whether the baby stays for just a moment or for several minutes.`
Super-classes	Chair^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Frame^c isForTheUseOf^op value HumanInfant^c

Jumping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jumping`
Description	Any kind of body movement that involves both feet off the ground at one time other than running forward. Subtypes include a movement forward by jumping (''Leaping'') and acrobatic maneuvers like ''Tumbling''. NOTE: this type in itself should be used to represent a single 'jump' that does not move forward, though the subtype ''Leaping'' includes the forward motion. The WN synsets do not seem to make the distinction, so the verb synset 'jump, leap, bound, spring ' is included, but only to include the verb 'jump' as one of the labels. " When he says 'jump' just ask 'how high?' " CYC: The collection of #$MovementProcesses in which an #$Animal agent springs vertically or horizontally into the air by rapidly extending its legs. Distinct from #$FallingProcesses. SUMO: Any MotionUpward which is done by one's body and which results in a situation where one's feet are unsupported. A Jumping may be one part of a locomotion process of moving forward, as with grasshoppers or kangaroos, or may be a single leap.perhaps landing in the same place. Corresponds to noun sense 6 and part of verb sense 1 of 'jump' in WordNet: WN noun 'jump': 6. jump, jumping - (the act of jumping; propelling yourself off the ground; 'he advanced in a series of jumps'; 'the jumping was unexpected') WN verb 'jump': 1. (19) jump, leap, bound, spring - (move forward by leaps and bounds; 'The horse bounded across the meadow'; 'The child leapt across the puddle'; 'Can you jump over the fence?')
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c ApplyingAForce^c WholeBodyMovement^c UnitUpAndDownMotion^c
Sub-classes	JumpingDown^c Tumbling^c Leaping^c Skipping^c

JumpingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JumpingDown`
Description	'JumpingDown' is the intentional Action in which some Animal makes a 'jump' off the edge of a platform to some place lower beyond the edge. This can be a very small drop, as in jumping from a raft into the supporting water, or can be a very long drop, as from a cliff or an airplane. `NOTE: this includes ''Parachuting'' as a subtype, so it is not necessarily an uncontrolled jumping action. Corresponds to verb sense 8 of 'jump' in WordNet: 8. jump, leap, jump off - (jump down from an elevated point; 'the parachutist didn't want to jump'; 'every year, hundreds of people jump off the Golden Gate bridge'; 'the widow leapt into the funeral pyre')`
Super-classes	Jumping^c MotionDownward^c
Sub-classes	Parachuting^c

JumpingJack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JumpingJack`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jumping jack' in Wordnet: 1. jumping jack - (plaything consisting of a toy figure with movable joints that can be made to dance by pulling strings)`
Super-classes	Toy^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Person^c

JumpingOverSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JumpingOverSomething`
Description	''JumpingOverSomething'' is a ''Leaping'' Action in which some animal moves upward and forward simultaneously so as to avoid stepping on or being blocked by the Object over which they jump (''hasThingPassed''). This can also be used for a 'vaulting' sport action, with or without a pole, and for leaping over hurdles, by a Person or Horse or other animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overleap' in WordNet: 1. vault, overleap - (jump across or leap over (an obstacle))`
Super-classes	Leaping^c PassingThroughOrBySomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingPassed^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Hurdling^c

Junction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Junction`
Description	A ''Junction'' is any generic ''Place' (Object or Region) where two or more things of any type - (an Object, a Region, a time interval, a MentalObject) - 'come together' in a physical or abstract or metaphorical manner. This includes things like railroad junctions, junctions of electronic components, and junctions of time periods, among others. For places or objects small enough to be viewed as an 'intersection' use subtype ''GeericIntersection'' or one of its subtypes. `Corresponds approximately (with different parent types) to both noun senses 1 and4 of 'junction' in WordNet: 1. (1) junction - (the place where two or more things come together) 4. junction, conjunction - (something that joins or connects)`
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	connects^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	GenericIntersection^c RailroadJunction^c Joint-Physical^c

JunctionOfPaths^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JunctionOfPaths`
Description	A specialization of #$ArrangementOfLikeObjects. Each instance of #$JunctionOfPaths is an arrangement of three or more instances of #$Path-Customary that are all locally connected to each other. Instances of #$JunctionOfPaths include arrangements of two or more paths that 'cross' at a junction (because four path segments are thereby joined), but not arrangements in which the end of one path simply joins the end of another path, and no others. Specializations of #$JunctionOfPaths include #$Intersection-Street, #$JunctionOfPipes, and #$RailwayCrossing.
Super-classes	ArrangementOfLikeObjects^c
Sub-classes	BranchingJunction^c JunctionOfPipes^c ThreeWayJunctionOfPaths^c

JunctionOfPipes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JunctionOfPipes`
Description	A specialization of #$JunctionOfPaths. Each instance of #$JunctionOfPipes is an arrangement of three or more non-overlapping lengths of pipe (i.e., instances of #$Pipe-GenericConduit (q.v.)) joined at their ends. Specializations of #$JunctionOfPipes include #$BronchialJunction and #$TracheobronchialJunction.
Super-classes	JunctionOfPaths^c

June^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#June

Description

The Class of all Months which are June.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'June' in Wordnet:
     1. (26) June - (the month following May and preceding July)

Super-classes Month^c

Jungle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jungle`
Description	A ''Jungle'' is a dense tropical ''Forest'' with lots of rain generating thick growth, `RHW 'jungle': approx = 'rain forest' 1. a wild land overgrown with dense vegetation, often nearly impenetrable, esp. tropical vegetation or a tropical rain forest. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jungle' in WordNet: 1. (3) jungle - (an impenetrable equatorial forest) WN noun 'rain forest': 1. (1) rain forest, rainforest - (a forest with heavy annual rainfall)`
Super-classes	Forest^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Humid^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tropical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dense^c

JungleGym^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JungleGym`
Description	A 'JungleGym' is a device made from a number of horizontal and vertical bars, usually metal, on which children can climb for entertainment. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swing' in WordNet: 1. jungle gym - (a structure of vertical and horizontal rods where children can climb and play)`
Super-classes	EntertainmentDevice^c Structure^c PlaygroundObject^c Framework^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Rod^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Climbing-Recreational^c

Junior^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Junior

Description

''Junior'' is a ''ComparativeAttributeValue'' that attributes to some Person a lower rank or status than some other person(s) due to a shorter time that the Person occupied a position.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'junior' in WordNet:
            1. (3) junior - (younger; lower in rank; shorter in length of tenure or service)

Super-classes Younger^c
ComparativeAttributeValue^c

JuniorCollege^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JuniorCollege

Description

The class of PostSecondarySchools that offer an associate's degree and do not offer a bachelor's degree.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'junior college' in WordNet:
           1. junior college - (a college that offers only the first two years 
                terminating in an associate degree)

Super-classes DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution^c

JuniorStudent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JuniorStudent

Description

A ''JuniorStudent'' is a ''FourYearStudent'' is a third-year Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'.

         This type includes the adjective sense of 'junior' as a 
             compounding noun modifying activities characteristic of 
             ''JuniorStudent''s.
      in Wordnet:
         WN adj 'junior:
          2. (2) junior, third-year, next-to-last - (used of the third or next to
             final year in United States high school or college; 
             'the junior class'; 'a third-year student')
         WN  Corresponds to WN noun sense 1 of 'junior'
           2. (2) junior - (a third-year undergraduate)

Super-classes FourYearStudent^c

Juniper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Juniper`
Description	The definitions of 'juniper' use 'shrub or tree', and this type is ambiguous as to whether this plant is a shrub or tree. NOTE: the WN entry 'juniper' sense 2 is a subtype of ''Cypress' which is a subtype of ''Wood'' (the substance) - mistake in WN. `MWD 'juniper': any of numerous coniferous shrubs or trees with leaves like needles or scales and female cones like berries The ''CypressTree'' of WN actually includes shrubs, though the parent is a ''Tree''. There is no clear boundary between shrubs and trees in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'juniper' in WordNet: 2. juniper - (coniferous shrub or small tree with berrylike cones)`
Super-classes	CypressTree^c Plant-Woody^c
Sub-classes	CommonJuniper^c

JuniperBerry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JuniperBerry`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'juniper berry' in WordNet: 1. juniper berry - (berrylike fruit of a plant of the genus Juniperus especially the berrylike cone of the common juniper)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value CommonJuniper^c isBiologicallyDerivedFrom^op value CommonJuniper^c

JunkFood^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JunkFood

Description

''JunkFood'' is an edible substance (solid or liquid) that is typicall prepeared and ready to eat, that has more calories and/or fats than are considered conducive to optimal health, and less of important nutrients.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'junk food' in WordNet:
           1. junk food - (food that tastes good but is high in calories having little nutritional value)

Super-classes Food^c

Jurisdiction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jurisdiction`
Description	A subtype of 'GeopoliticalEntity' within which certain governmental authorities has jurisdiction, i.e. can make and enforce laws. This includes legal jurisdictions for courts. SKOS def: 'the limits or territory within which authority may be exercised; the power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law' NOTE: physical space region is disjiont from agent; some relations on 'Jurisdiction' have it implied as agent, therefore cannot be a 'GeographicalRegion' as of rev 1043 It is unclear whether a 'jurisdiction' range must be colocated with the limits of a 'GeopoliticalEntity', so the location may be within a 'GeopoliticalEntity'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'jurisdiction' in Wordnet: 2. (1) jurisdiction - (in law; the territory within which power can be exercised)
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Sub-classes	StateOrProvince^c Prefecture^c Country^c
In range of	appliesInJurisdiction^op hasGoverningJurisdiction^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomeJurisdiction

Jurisdiction-Authority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jurisdiction-Authority`
Description	''Jurisdiction-Authority'' is the power of some governmental or quasi-governmental authority to create and/or enforce rules in some ''GeographicalArea''. This includes judicial as well as legislative jurisdictions. `Includes but is broader than (includes countries or other governmental agents) noun sense 1 of 'jurisdiction' in WordNet: 1. (4) legal power, jurisdiction - ((law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law; 'courts having jurisdiction in this district')`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c ControllingAuthority^c
Restrictions	createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op value RuleMakingRight^c

Jurisprudence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jurisprudence`
Description	''Jurisprudence'' is the FieldOfStudy that concerns itself with ''Law''s, and the enforcement of laws through the courts. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'jurisprudence' in WordNet: 1. (2) jurisprudence, law, legal philosophy - (the branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do) 2. (2) law, jurisprudence - (the collection of rules imposed by authority; 'civilization presupposes respect for the law'; 'the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order')`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c
Restrictions	isTheFieldOfProfession^op value LawAsAnOccupation^c
Sub-classes	CommonLaw^c

Jurist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jurist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jurist' in WordNet: 1. (1) jurist, legal expert - (a legal scholar versed in civil law or the law of nations)`
Super-classes	Expert^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Jurisprudence^c
Sub-classes	Mufti^c

Juror^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Juror`
Description	A member of any kind of ''Jury''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'juror' in WordNet: 1. (2) juror, juryman, jurywoman - (someone who serves (or waits to be called to serve) on a jury)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some Jury^c

Jury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jury`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO a Jury is a GroupOfPeople, not an Organization. `Cyc: The collection of all groups of people formed to judge and give a decision on some matter, often a civil or criminal case, indictment, or impeachment. A jury is normally sworn to render a fair judgement. A #$GrandJury judges an indictment, while a #$Jury-Petit judges a civil or criminal case. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jury' in WordNet: 1. (21) jury - (a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	PetitJury^c GrandJury^c

JuryPanel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JuryPanel`
Description	Each ''JuryPanel'' is a ''PanelistGroup'' from whom the ''Juror''s are selected for some legal proceeding. `The members are 'potential jurors' or 'future jurors' or 'candidate jurors' but thoe are not yet represented. So this asserts that some are 'jurors', in anticipation of the actual selection. These are participants in the 'voir dire' for Jury selection.`
Super-classes	PanelistGroup^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op min 2

Just^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Just`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute of decisions or other actions of a judgmental nature, characterizing the judgments as being balanced, free from bias and satisfying the requirements of justice. This includes the meaning 'equitable' as in proper distribution of benefits among a group, but that sense is also represented more specifically as the subtype 'Equitable'. A state that is 'Just' is represented by the term 'Justice'. `For the sense of 'just' describing a Person's moral character or habits, use 'Upright'. For prices that are 'just' or 'fair' or 'reasonable' use 'NotExcessive'. This corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'just' and sense 1 of 'fair' in WordNet: 1. (10) fair, just - (free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; or conforming with established standards or rules; 'a fair referee'; 'fair deal'; 'on a fair footing'; 'a fair fight'; 'by fair means or foul')`
Super-classes	Good^c EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Equitable^c

Justice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Justice`
Description	A persistent state that is 'Just' (see COSMO 'Just'); a state in which one or more persons all have been treated fairly, according to some accepted code of morality. What is considered as 'just' or 'justice' will vary from society to society and often vary with individual beliefs as well. This is the state that is achieved when one achieves or attains justice; when a person 'wants justice' it is this state that is desired. To say that 'a cause is just' means that the state desired by the proponents of that cause is an instance of this sense of 'Justice'. This is what is intended when one wants to 'seek justice' - to seek a state of 'justice', which is a state that is 'just'. This is not the legal process of attaining justice, but a state that is fair to the parties in question, whether arrived at by social process or individual actions. In COSMO, the Attribute value of being just is termed 'Just'. This sense is closest to sense 4 of 'justice' in RHW: 4. conformity to this principle, as manifested in conduct; just conduct, dealing, or treatment. NOTE: no WN sense precisely captures this, though the 'quality' can be interpreted as the 'quality of a ''PersistentState'', so WN sense 1 of 'justice' is considered closest to this type. in WordNet: 1. (16) justice, justness - (the quality of being just or fair)
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Just^c

Justification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Justification`
Description	A Conclusion that is created by a Reasoning Event, and asserts a Belief based on premises and a Justifying (reasoning) Event. The Belief may have the content that a particular Action is desirable. For a ''Justification'' that is a Motive for action, use subtype ''RationaleForAction. This includes sense 1 of 'reason' in WordNet, but is broader, also including Justification for beliefs that do not impel to action: in WordNet: 1. (3) justification - (something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary; 'he considered misrule a justification for revolution') 2. (2) justification - (a statement in explanation of some action or belief) WN noun 'reason': 1. (78) reason, ground - (a rational motive for a belief or action; 'the reason that war was declared'; 'the grounds for their declaration')
Super-classes	Argument^c Conclusion^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op some Belief^c
Sub-classes	Vindication^c RationaleForAction^c

Justified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Justified

Description

''Justified'' is the attribute of some Action that was or can be explained as being reasonable by some ''Justifying'' Action. This is difficult to distingsuish from 'justifiable' and those terms are repreented here as snonyms.

        No WN sense of 'justified': justified is in WN only for text formatting.
          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'justifiable' in Wordnet:
            1. justifiable - (capable of being justified)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Justifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Justifying`
Description	A Reasoning Event in which an IntelligentAgent explicitly creates a series of one or more assertions that lead from premises to a Justification (a type of Conclusion), the Justification being a motivation to believe something or to take a certain action. See also the subtype 'Rationalizing' which tends to be more defensive. Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 3 of 'justify' and noun sense 3 of 'justification' in @: 1. (17) justify, warrant - (show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for; 'The emergency does not warrant all of us buying guns'; 'The end justifies the means') 2. (9) justify, vindicate - (show to be right by providing justification or proof; 'vindicate a claim') WN noun 'justification': 3. justification - (the act of defending or explaining or making excuses for by reasoning; 'the justification of barbarous means by holy ends'- H.J.Muller)
Super-classes	Reasoning^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Justification^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Justified^c
Sub-classes	Rationalizing^c

Justly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Justly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'justly' in Wordnet: 2. (1) justly, right - (in accordance with moral or social standards; 'that serves him right'; 'do right by him')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Juvenile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Juvenile

Description

''Juvenile'' is more specific than ''Young'', referring to people and pertaining to people under 16 years of age.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'juvenile' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) juvenile - (of or relating to or characteristic of or appropriate 
            for children or young people; 'juvenile diabetes'; 'juvenile fashions')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
Young^c

JuvenileAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JuvenileAnimal`
Description	COSMO note: this type is interpreted as being an immature animal that is still dependent on its parent(s) for nurturing or support. `CYC: An instance of #$AnimalTypeByMaturity (q.v.) and a specialization of #$Animal. #$JuvenileAnimal is the collection of all animals that are not fully grown or fully mature. Cf. #$AdultAnimal. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'young' in WordNet: 1. (7) young, offspring - (any immature animal)`
Super-classes	Role^c Animal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Young^c
Sub-classes	Kitten^c Chick^c Pup^c Foal^c NewbornAnimal^c Lamb^c Puppy^c Calf^c HumanYouth^c Fawn^c

JuvenileDelinquency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JuvenileDelinquency`
Description	''JuvenileDelinquency'' is an act of ''Wrongdoing''by a ''JuvenilePerson'' that is not considered as a ''Crime'', because of the young age of the offender. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'juvenile delinquency' in WordNet: 1. delinquency, juvenile delinquency - (an antisocial misdeed in violation of the law by a minor)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value JuvenileDelinquent^c

JuvenileDelinquent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JuvenileDelinquent`
Description	A ''JuvenileDelinquent'' is a ''"JuvenilePerson'' who is 'Guilty' of some ''JuvenileDelinquency'' or other minor isdeed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'juvenile delinquent' in WordNet: 1. delinquent, juvenile delinquent - (a young offender)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoer^c JuvenilePerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value JuvenileDelinquency^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value JuvenileDelinquency^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Delinquent^c

JuvenilePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JuvenilePerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'juvenile person' in WordNet: 1. juvenile, juvenile person - (a youthful person)`
Super-classes	HumanYouth^c ChildRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Juvenile^c
Sub-classes	JuvenileDelinquent^c

Juxtaposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Juxtaposing`
Description	''Juxtaposing'' is the action of placing two or more things close by each other so that contrasting attributes can be easily noticed. The things placed near each other do not hve to be separate free-standing solid objects, they can ,for example, be two images placed as components of a larger image. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'juxtapose' in WordNet: 1. (1) juxtaposition, apposition, collocation - (the act of positioning close together (or side by side); 'it is the result of the juxtaposition of contrasting colors') WN verb 'juxtapose': 1. (2) juxtapose - (place side by side; 'The fauvists juxtaposed strong colors')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c produces^op value View^c hasDirectObject^op value Group^c produces^op value PhysicalArray^c

Kaleidoscope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kaleidoscope`
Description	Each #$Kaleidoscope is a toy which one looks into to see symmetrical patterns of moving colors. Kaleidoscopes are generally cylindrical, with an eye-hole at one end, and with a compartment at the far end which contains colored objects that can move freely within the compartment. The far end is either translucent or transparent, so that light can enter. The inside walls of a kaleidoscope have mirrors, usually two set at an angle, so that when the compartmentalized objects move around, they appear to be multiplied N-fold (depending on the angle of the mirrors) and moving in symmetry with their reflections. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'kaleidoscope' in WordNet: 2. kaleidoscope - (an optical toy in a tube; it produces symmetrical patterns as bits of colored glass are reflected by mirrors)`
Super-classes	Toy^c OpticalDevice^c CylindricalObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op value SymmetricView^c hasPhysicalPart^op value EyeHole^c hasMannerOfUse^op value LookingInsideAnObject^c

Kangaroo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kangaroo`
Description	Large marsupials found in #$Australia. Some smaller species found on nearby islands. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kangaroo' in WordNet: 1. kangaroo - (any of several herbivorous leaping marsupials of Australia and New Guinea having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail)`
Super-classes	Marsupial^c
Sub-classes	Wallaby^c

KaraokeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KaraokeEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of karaoke singing events. During such events people typically take turns singing popular songs at a microphone, often reading the words they are singing off a screen that is syncronized with the sound base of the song itself. `NOTE: the human singing part of Karaoke is represented by ''KaraokeSinging''.`
Super-classes	Singing-Human^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value KaraokeSinging^c

KaraokeSinging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KaraokeSinging`
Description	''KaraokeSinging'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karaoke' in WordNet: 1. karaoke - (singing popular songs accompanied by a recording of an orchestra (usually in bars or nightclubs))`
Super-classes	Singing-Human^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value KaraokeEvent^c

Karate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Karate`
Description	`NOTE: this is the ''Sport'' a ''Specification'') ,but the WN synset does not distinguish the Action from the specification ('doing Karate' from 'knowing Karate'). The same WN synset is used for both sport and Action, needs to be distinguished for reasoning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karate' in WordNet: 1. karate - (a traditional Japanese system of unarmed combat; sharp blows and kicks are given to pressure-sensitive points on the body of the opponent)`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value KarateEvent^c

KarateActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KarateActivity`
Description	This is any activity that occurs in a ''KarateSportsEvent'' including a whole ''KarateSportsEvent'', or any characteristic Karate move. `CYC The collection of all activities consisting of a #$Person practicing, performing, or using karate, a method developed in #$Japan of defending oneself without the use of weapons by striking sensitive areas on an attacker's body with the hands, elbows, knees, or feet. See also #$KarateSportsEvent.`
Super-classes	MartialArtsActivity-Asian^c
Sub-classes	KarateSportsEvent^c

KarateEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KarateEvent`
Description	''KarateEvent'' is an execution of the sport of 'Karate' that NOTE: this is the Action,but the WN synset does not distinguish does not distinguish the Action from the specification ('doing Karate' from 'knowing Karate'). The same WN synset is used for both sport and Action, needs to be distinguished for reasoning. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karate' in WordNet: 1. karate - (a traditional Japanese system of unarmed combat; sharp blows and kicks are given to pressure-sensitive points on the body of the opponent)`
Super-classes	Fight-Physical^c MatchSportsEvent^c CombatSportsEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PunchingSomeone^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unarmed^c hasSubEvent^op value KickingAnObject^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Karate^c

KarateSportsEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KarateSportsEvent

Description

CYC: The collection of all structured, judged, karate matches.

          NOTE: this WN synset is interpreted as an actual Karate match.
           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karate' in WordNet:
             1. karate - (a traditional Japanese system of unarmed combat; 
               sharp blows and kicks are given to pressure-sensitive points on the body of the opponent)

Super-classes KarateActivity^c
IndividualSportsCompetition^c
MartialArtsSportsEvent^c

Karma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Karma`
Description	''Karma' in WN is a ''Destiny'' that depends on one's actions while living,but this may be something that affects one's destiny.. Somewhat vaguely defined - This may be interpreted as a 'credit' that can be built up or lost, to determine what one's after life will be. RHW: 1. Hinduism, Buddhism. action, seen as bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation: in Hinduism one of the means of reaching Brahman. Cf. bhakti (def. 1), jnana. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karma' in WordNet: 1. karma - ((Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation)
Super-classes	Destiny^c
Restrictions	mayBeAffectedBy^op value BehaviorTowardOthers^c

Karst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Karst`
Description	This is the collection of elements of terrain known as karst. These are terrain elements which have been formed chiefly by the dissolving of rock, primarily carbonates such as limestone and evaporites such as salt. Landforms which count as karst include sinkholes, caves, and natural bridges. `RHW: an area of limestone terrane characterized by sinks, ravines, and underground streams.`
Super-classes	Ground^c
Restrictions	mayHavePart^op value Sinkhole^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Limestone^c mayHavePart^op value Cave^c

Kashmir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kashmir`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kashmir' in WordNet: 1. Kashmir, Cashmere, Jammu and Kashmir - (an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India)`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c

KashmirGoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KashmirGoat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kashmir goat' in WordNet: 1. Cashmere goat, Kashmir goat - (Himalayan goat having a silky undercoat highly prized as cashmere wool)`
Super-classes	Llama^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value Kashmir^c

Kayak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kayak`
Description	CYC: The collection of kayaks. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kayak' in WordNet: 1. kayak - (a small canoe consisting of a light frame made watertight with animal skins; used by Eskimos)`
Super-classes	Canoe^c Device-UserPowered^c Device-UserControlled^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value KayakPaddle^c

KayakPaddle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KayakPaddle`
Description	Paddle with a blade on both ends that is used in Kayaking.
Super-classes	Paddle-Water^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Kayak^c

Kayaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kayaking`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'kayak' in WordNet: 1. kayak - (travel in a small canoe; 'we kayaked down the river')`
Super-classes	Canoeing^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Kayak^c requiredInstrument^op value KayakPaddle^c

Keel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Keel`
Description	A ''Keel'' is a strong rigid beam running from front to back of a boat, along the center of the hull; it may provide the main support, or part of the main support for the boat's structure. RHW: Naut. a central fore-and-aft structural member in the bottom of a hull, extending from the stem to the sternpost and having the floors or frames attached to it, usually at right angles: sometimes projecting from the bottom of the hull to provide stability. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'keel' in Wordnet: 2. keel - one of the main longitudinal beams (or plates) of the hull of a vessel; can extend vertically into the water to provide lateral stability)`
Super-classes	StructuralBeam^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Hull^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Boat^c

Keen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Keen

Description

Having an edge that is very sharp - of cutting instruments having a linear rather than pointed edge. For the sense of 'keen' as applied to the mind or intellect, use 'discriminating'. For needles and other sharp things, use the parent type 'Sharp'.

    Corresponds approximately to the LDOCE sense 10 of 'keen', however
    in the COSMO sense it should be used to mean 'very sharp' but not
    necessarily extremely sharp.
    LDOCE 'keen' (adj) 10. (literary) a keen knife or blade is extremely sharp

    Corresponds to part of adjective senses 5 of 'keen' and sense 9 of 'sharp' (excluding pointed objects)
      in WordNet:
      5. keen - (having a sharp cutting edge or point; 'a keen blade')
    WN adj 'sharp':
      9. (1) sharp - (having or made by a thin edge or sharp point;
    suitable for cutting or piercing; 'a sharp knife'; 'a pencil with a sharp point')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Keenly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Keenly

Description

''Keenly'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify ''MentalEvent''s

      The sense of 'keenly felt' seems to be different from this.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'keenly' in WordNet:
        1. (2) keenly - (in a keen and discriminating manner; 'he was keenly aware 
            of his own shortcomings')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Keeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Keeping`
Description	The broad Class of Processes where some agent keeps (maintains) something in a particular state, or in a particular location, or having some particular attribute(s) for some extended period of time. This is a subtype of 'AvoidanceAction' because it is an action directed at preventing something from happening. This is also a subclass of ''Limiting'' because it limits and restricts the effect of some Action or Event. For 'retaining possesson' use the subtype ''RetainingPossession''. This general sense can be used for, e.g. 'keep the beer cold', 'keep yourself clean', 'keep your skills sharp by practice', 'keep watching the children'. 'keep your eye on the ball'. The action is sometimes defined more by what does not happen than what happens. The subtype of 'keeping' something in a particular location is represented by 'StorageOfSomething' Keeping possession is represented by the subtype 'RetainingPossession'.. Includes verb senses 1, 2, 3, and 10 of 'keep' (sense 3 is also the subtype 'RetainingPossession') and verb sense 1 of 'mainain' (except possibly 'keep on on one's toes') in WordNet: 1. (207) keep, maintain, hold - (keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., 'keep clean'; 'hold in place'; 'She always held herself as a lady'; 'The students keep me on my toes') 10. (3) retain, continue, keep, keep on, keep going - (allow to remain in a place or position; 'We cannot continue several servants any longer'; 'She retains a lawyer'; 'The family's fortune waned and they could not keep their household staff'; 'Our grant has run out and we cannot keep you on'; 'We kept the work going as long as we could')
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c HavingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingKept^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	RetainingPossession^c StorageOfSomething^c Custody^c KeepingInformation^c

KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething`
Description	The more specific sense of 'Preventing' where one Agent prevents another Agent (or agent-like thing such as cancer) from performing some action. Linguistically it is expressed by phrases such as 'keep the dog from running into the neighbor's yard',or 'keep the cancer from spreading' where a 'from' connects the object Agent and the action that is prevented. NOTE: restraining a Person by means of threats is represented under the subtype ''IntimidatingaPerson''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prevent' and senses 3, 4, and 5 of 'restrain' in WordNet: 2. (40) prevent, keep - (prevent from doing something or being in a certain state; 'We must prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'His snoring kept me from falling asleep'; 'Keep the child from eating the marbles') WN verb 'restrain': 4. (1) restrain, encumber, cumber, constrain - (hold back) WN Noun 'restraint': 1. (5) restraint - (the of act controlling by restraining someone or something; 'the unlawful restraint of trade')
Super-classes	Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op some ActionType^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Constrained^c
Sub-classes	SuppressingActivity^c Containment^c Confining^c Smothering^c TetheringAnAnimal^c Deprivation^c ControlOverOthers^c TyingUp^c Thwarting^c IntimidatingaPerson^c Depriving^c

KeepingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeepingInformation`
Description	The Class of Processes where agent keeps Information on some InformationBearingObject. The Keeping can be quite temporary, as in computer RAM.
Super-classes	Possession^c Keeping^c

KeepingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeepingSomething`
Description	'KeepingSomething' a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' where the Intention of the Agent is to cause some object to be in a ''Keeping'' state, for any of various reasons. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'keep' in WordNet: 4. (22) prevent, keep - (prevent from doing something or being in a certain state; 'We must prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'His snoring kept me from falling asleep'; 'Keep the child from eating the marbles')`
Super-classes	Preventing^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Sub-classes	Preserving^c Enclosing^c HoldingTheStakes^c Earmarking^c

KeepingWatch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeepingWatch`
Description	''KeepingWatch'' is a ''Watching'' performed by a ''Person'', which may be a 'vigil' for religious purposes or at a dead body, or may be a ''Monitoring'' to guard against some possible undesirable Event, and either take action or sound an alarm to avoid possible negative consequences. vigil, watch This is for direct observation, without use of instruments, as would be done by a 'watcher' such as a Person on a vigil or a 'baby-sitter'.
Super-classes	Watching^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Watcher^c
Sub-classes	WatchingForTrouble^c BabySitting^c Vigil^c

KeepingaPromise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeepingaPromise`
Description	''KeepingaPromise'' is any Action taken to fulfil a Promise by the one who made the promise. This is a realization of a ''PromisedAction''; the ''PromisedAction'' was a ''FutureSituation'' when it was proised, but the ''keepingaPromise'' is an actual realized Situation that was motivated by the ''PromisedAction''.. NOTE: this seems a bit clumsy in relating the ''KeepingaPromise'' to the ''Promise'', by using the specialized relation of 'wasMotivatedBy' to assert that a ''FutureEvent'' (the ''PromisedAction'' that hasn't happened) is the 'cause' of a current Event. Although 'causality' usually works by one event causing an event that follows in time, 'motivation' is a non-physical, mental analogy of physical causation that allows a possible future to influence current events through the agency of an agent that anticipates the outcome. This is one example of how that 'motivational causation' works. Includes verb sense 1 of 'fulfill' in WordNet: 1. (26) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') WN verb 'carry out': 2. (16) follow through, follow up, follow out, carry out, implement, put through, go through - (pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue; 'Did he go through with the treatment?'; 'He implemented a new economic plan'; 'She followed up his recommendations with a written proposal')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c ExecutingaProcedure^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op value PromisedAction^c realizes^op some PromisedAction^c

KeepingaSecret^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeepingaSecret`
Description	''KeepingaSecret'' is a ''DidNotHappenEvent'' in which the thing that did not happen is that the Person performing this Action intentionally refrains from divulging ''SecretInformation''.
Super-classes	DidNotHappenEvent^c PurposefulInaction^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some SecretInformation^c isPerformedBy^op some Person^c hasEventNotOccurring^op value DisclosingaSecret^c

KelvinDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KelvinDegree`
Description	SI TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of the base units in SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system). Kelvin differs from the Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be 273.16 KelvinDegrees while it is 0 CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes of intervals in the two scales are the same. By definition the conversion constant is 273.15.
Super-classes	TemperatureMeasure^c

Keratin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Keratin

Description

''Keratin'' is an ''Albuminoid'' (''Protein'') notably in finger- and toenails and feathers.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keratin' in WordNet:
         1. keratin, ceratin - (a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs  in the outer layer 
             of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair feathers nails and hooves)

Super-classes Albuminoid^c

Kerchief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kerchief`
Description	CYC: A collection of pieces of cloth of various sizes, worn about the neck, over the head, or in the pocket of a suit coat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kerchief' in Wordnet: 1. (1) kerchief - (a square scarf that is folded into a triangle and worn over the head or about the neck)`
Super-classes	Scarf^c
Sub-classes	Handkerchief^c Neckerchief^c Headscarf^c

Kernel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kernel`
Description	The inner softer part of a ''Seed'' (or its subtype ''Nut-TheFruit''). It is usually edible, but that is not a necessary property in COSMO. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kernel' in Wordnet: 1. kernel, meat - (the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone; 'black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell')`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c OrganicObject^c
Restrictions	isBiologicallyDerivedFrom^op value FruitPlant^c typicallyHasAttribute^op value Edible^c isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value FruitPlant^c
Sub-classes	EdibleNut^c

Kerosene^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kerosene

Description

''Kerosene'' is a PhysicalSubstance consisting of hydrocarbons that are higher-boiling and less volatile than those of gasoline or ''DieselFuel, and is used as a ''Fuel'' in lanterns.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kerosene' in WordNet:
            1. (1) kerosene, kerosine, lamp oil, coal oil - 
                 (a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters)

Super-classes Hydrocarbons^c
Fuel^c
PetroleumProduct-Refined^c
ArtificialSubstance^c
LiquidSubstance^c

Ketchup^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ketchup

Description

Ketchup is based on tomatoes, but usually includes additives.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ketchup' in Wordnet:
          1. catsup, ketchup, cetchup, tomato ketchup - (thick spicy sauce made from tomatoes)

Super-classes TomatoBasedSauce^c
Sauce^c

Ketone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ketone`
Description	Ketones are organic molecules consisting of a carbonyl radical (C = O) bonded to two other carbon radicals, wherein the two available carbon bonds of the carbonyl are used to attach the carbon atoms of the other radicals. One good example is acetone (a.k.a. dimethyl ketone), in which the carbon atom of the carbonyl is attached to the carbon atoms of two methyl radicals CH3- . The resulting formula is CO(CH3)2. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ketone' in WordNet: 1. ketone - (any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Acetone^c

Kettle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kettle`
Description	A ''Pot'' that is designed for holding water that can be boiled, to make food or drink of some kind. `The 'pot' used to boil the water is a ''TeaKettle''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kettle' in Wordnet: 1. (1) kettle, boiler - (a metal pot for stewing or boiling; usually has a lid)`
Super-classes	Pot^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMake^op value FoodOrDrink^c isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	TeaKettle^c

Key^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Key`
Description	SUMO: A Device which opens and closes a Lock. NOTE we restrict this to metal 'keys'. In the future this restriction may not be appropriate. `Most modern keys for tumpler locks are flat, but older types may have different shapes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'key' in WordNet: 1. (14) key - (metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated)`
Super-classes	AntiTheftDevice^c SmallObject^c FunctionalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c hasAssociatedObject^op value KeyedLock^c enablesOrAssists^op value UnlockingaKeyedLock^c hasDesignFunction^op value UnlockingaKeyedLock^c

KeyHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeyHole`
Description	A ''KeyHole'' is a ''Hole'' in some ''SolidObject'' designed for the insertion of a key that can be inserted into a lock and permit the movement of some object, typically to allow access to the area locked. Usually it is located at a portal, such as a door, but other things can be activated by keys. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keyhole' in Wordnet:: 1. (2) keyhole - (the hole where a key is inserted)`
Super-classes	Hole^c Artifact-Generic^c Opening^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Key^c isLocatedAt^op some ArtifactObject^c

KeyWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeyWord`
Description	A ''KeyWord'' is a ''Word'' (including fixed phrases), that can be used to find information on a particular topic. It may be part of an index or of a ''KeyWordList''. `No Wn sense. RHW 'keyword': 1. a word that serves as a key, as to the meaning of another word, a sentence, passage, or the like: Search the database for the keyword 'Ireland'.`
Super-classes	Word^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op only KeyWordList^c

KeyWordList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeyWordList`
Description	A ''KeyWordList'' is a list of ''KeyWord''s, usually alphabetical, each of which either itself provides an explanation for some symbol or abbreviation in a Document, or provides a reference to where information on that topic can be found. `Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'key' in WordNet: 11. key - (a list of words or phrases that explain symbols or abbreviations)`
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only KeyWord^c enablesOrAssists^op value DatabaseSearching^c

Keyboard-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Keyboard-Generic`
Description	A ''Keyboard-Generic'' is a Device containing an array of 'keys' of various kinds. The termused to be sed for sets of 'keys' that are part of alarger Device, but is now used also to refer to a musical 'keyboard' that can contain all the copnents necessary to emit music when played, and therefore cannot be condiddered as 'part' of another device. This type includes both the keyboards that are lart of larger devices and the ones that are self-contained devices, and also the visually displayed 'keyboard' on the screen of a computer 'smart phone'. The subtypes will have proper distinctions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keyboard' in WordNet: 1. (4) keyboard - (device consisting of a set of keys on a piano or organ or typewriter or typesetting machine or computer or the like)`
Super-classes	Device^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some KeyboardKey^c
Sub-classes	PianoKeyboard^c

KeyboardKey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeyboardKey`
Description	A ''KeyboardKey'' is a physicalobject (which could be only part of a computer screen display) that can be 'pressed' to cause some form of data entry in a Device containing it. This can be of various types - see ''Keyboard-Generic''. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'key' (which seems to refer only to typewriter or typesetting keys) in WordNet: 15. key - (a lever that actuates a mechanism when depressed)`
Super-classes	DeviceKey^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value PressingWithaFinger^c enablesOrAssists^op value InputtingData^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Keyboard-Generic^c
Sub-classes	TabKey^c

KeyedLock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeyedLock`
Description	A Lock that is opened and closed with a 'Key'. Seems the same as WN a 'cylinder lock'. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cylinder lock' in WordNet: 1. cylinder lock - (a lock in which a cylinder rotates to move a bolt; tumblers are pins; inserting the key lifts and aligns the pins to free the cylinder to rotate)
Super-classes	Lock^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Key^c hasAssociatedObject^op value Key^c

Keynote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Keynote`
Description	A ''Keynote'' is the dominant ''Theme'' that is the central idea connecting different parts of a composition or series of talks (such as at a conference). The ''Keynote'' may be elaborated in a ''KeynoteAddress'' at the start of a conference or conference session. `address, speech Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'keynote' in WordNet: 1. (1) keynote - (the principal theme in a speech or literary work) 2. (1) keynote - (a fundamental or central idea)`
Super-classes	Theme^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op value KeynoteAddress^c

KeynoteAddress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KeynoteAddress`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keynote address' in WordNet: 1. keynote speech, keynote address - (a speech setting forth the keynote)`
Super-classes	PublicSpeech^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Keynote^c

Keystone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Keystone`
Description	A ''Keystone'' is a ''DeterminingFactor'' (Situation or Action or Object) in influencing the outcome of an Event or ''EventSeries''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keystone' in WordNet: 1. anchor, mainstay, keystone, backbone, linchpin, lynchpin - (a central cohesive source of support and stability; 'faith is his anchor'; 'the keystone of campaign reform was the ban on soft money'; 'he is the linchpin of this firm')`
Super-classes	DeterminingFactor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostSignificant^c

KhakiColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KhakiColor`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'khaki' in Wordnet: 1. (1) khaki - (of a yellowish brown color)`
Super-classes	Brownish^c
Sub-classes	LightOliveBrown-Color^c

Kickback^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kickback

Description

A ''bribe' can include paying with anything valuable, not just cash currency.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kickback' in WordNet:
         1. kickback - (a commercial bribe paid by a seller to a purchasing agent 
            in order to induce the agent to enter into the transaction)

Super-classes Bribing^c
CommercialActivity^c
Transaction^c

Kicker^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kicker

Description

A ''Kicker'' is a ''FootballPlayer'' who participates in a Football game by kicking the Football, whether in punting or in a kickoff.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kicker' in WordNet:
         1. kicker - (a player who kicks the football)

Super-classes FootballPlayer^c

Kicking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kicking`
Description	Powerful swinging of a leg, often to hit something with the leg or foot, but possibly only as part of a dance or swimming or calisthenic activity, with no impact intended. The 'kicking' that strikes an object is represented by subtype ''KickingAnObject''. `CYC: Powerful swinging of a leg, usually to hit something with the leg or foot. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'kick' in WordNet: 6. kick, kicking - (a rhythmic thrusting movement of the legs as in swimming or calisthenics; 'the kick must be synchronized with the arm movements'; 'the swimmer's kicking left a wake behind him')`
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Leg^c
Sub-classes	KickingWhileSwimming^c

KickingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KickingAnObject`
Description	''KickingAnObject'' is a ''Kicking'' that hits some SolidObject, which may or may not cause that SolidObject to move.. `SUMO: Any instance of Impelling where the instrument is a Foot of the agent. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 and noun sense 1 of 'kick' in WordNet: 1. (11) kick - (drive or propel with the foot) 3. (7) kick - (strike with the foot; 'The boy kicked the dog'; 'Kick the door down') WN noun 'kick' 1. (3) kick, boot, kicking - (the act of delivering a blow with the foot; 'he gave the ball a powerful kick'; 'the team's kicking was excellent')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c StrikingAnObjectEvent^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	KickingAnOpponent^c KickingaBall^c

KickingAnOpponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KickingAnOpponent`
Description	The intentional Action of Kicking a Person who is perceived as an opponent (or at least disliked) by the kicker. In Cyc this is restricted to sports, but in COSMO it is more general.
Super-classes	PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c ViolentAction^c KickingAnObject^c

KickingWhileSwimming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KickingWhileSwimming`
Description	''KickingWhileSwimming'' is a ''Kicking'' that may occur during a ''Swimming'' Action performed by a human ''Swimmer'', that helps propel the swimmer through the water. `Corresponds approximately to part ofnoun sense 1 of 'kick' in WordNet: 6. kick, kicking - (a rhythmic thrusting movement of the legs as in swimming or calisthenics; 'the kick must be synchronized with the arm movements'; 'the swimmer's kicking left a wake behind him')`
Super-classes	Kicking^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value Swimming^c

KickingaBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KickingaBall`
Description	''KickingaBall'' is the intentional Action of Kicking a ''Ball'' of some kind, typically a game ball.
Super-classes	PropellingaBall^c KickingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	KickingaFootBall^c

KickingaFieldGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KickingaFieldGoal`
Description	''KickingaFieldGoal'' is a ''KickingaFootBall'' that is an attempt to score a FieldGoal.. `Needs more detail.`
Super-classes	KickingaFootBall^c ShotAtaGoal^c
Restrictions	hasTarget^op value GoalPost^c hasAttemptedAction^op value ScoringaFieldGoal^c

KickingaFootBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KickingaFootBall`
Description	''KickingaFootBall'' is the intentional Action of Kicking a ''FootBall'', usually done as part of a Football game (any type).
Super-classes	KickingaBall^c
Sub-classes	KickingaFieldGoal^c PuntingaFootBall^c

KiddingAround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KiddingAround`
Description	''KiddingAround''is a form of 'Teasing' among some GroupOfPeople who mutually say or do potentially annoying things in a good-humored manner as a form of sociable fun. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'kid' in WordNet: 2. (2) kid, chaff, jolly, josh, banter - (be silly or tease one another; 'After we relaxed, we just kidded around')`
Super-classes	Teasing^c AmusementEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Amiable^c hadAffectedAgent^op some Person^c

Kidnapper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kidnapper`
Description	A person who has performed a ''Kidnapping'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kidnapper' in WordNet: 1. (4) kidnapper, kidnaper, abductor, snatcher - (someone who unlawfully seizes and detains a victim (usually for ransom))`
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Kidnapping^c

Kidnapping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kidnapping`
Description	''Kidnapping'' is a ''Seizing'' of an Animal, usually of a Person, but subtype ''Petnapping'' is for a pet animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kidnap' in WordNet: 1. (3) kidnap, nobble, abduct, snatch - (take away to an undisclosed location against their will and usually in order to extract a ransom; 'The industrialist's son was kidnapped')`
Super-classes	Seizing^c Crime^c Capturing^c
Restrictions	starts^op value ControllingSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c
Sub-classes	Abduction^c Petnapping^c

Kidney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kidney`
Description	CYC: The collection of all kidneys. Instances of this collection are paired #$InternalOrgans which remove nitrogen compounds (e.g. #$Urea) from the #$Blood, maintain electrolyte balance, pH, and osmotic pressure, and pass the waste products out of the body through a network of #$AnatomicalVessels and storage compartments. In #$Mammals, #$Kidneys are structures which produce #$Urine, passing it through #$Ureters to a #$Bladder-Urinary which empties out of the body through a #$Urethra. `SUMO: An Organ that separates urine from other BodySubstances and passes it to the bladder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kidney' in Wordnet: 1. (9) kidney - (either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine; 'urine passes out of the kidney through ureters to the bladder')`
Super-classes	InternalOrgan^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Torso^c

KidneyStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KidneyStone`
Description	A ''KidneyStone'' may require surgery to remove. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kidney stone' in WordNet: 1. kidney stone, urinary calculus, nephrolith, renal calculus - (a calculus formed in the kidney)`
Super-classes	CalculusStone^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Kidney^c

Killed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Killed`
Description	''Killed'' is the attribute of an Organism that has died as a result of ''Killing''. `no WN sense`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Harmed^c
Sub-classes	Murdered^c KilledInBattle^c

KilledInBattle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KilledInBattle

Description

''Killed'' is the attribute of a ''MilitaryPerson'' that has died as a result of ''KillingInBattle''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'fallen' in Wordnet:
          4. fallen - (killed in battle; 'to honor fallen soldiers')

Super-classes Killed^c

KilledOrInjured^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KilledOrInjured`
Description	''KilledOrInjured'' is the attribute of an Organism that has been either ''Killed'' or ''Injured'' or both.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Killer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Killer`
Description	A ''Person'' who has performed an Action of ''Killing'' an Animal other than itself. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'killer' in WordNet: 1. (8) killer, slayer - (someone who causes the death of a person or animal)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Killing^c
Sub-classes	Murderer^c

Killing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Killing`
Description	The subclass of Destruction in which the death of an Organism is caused by some GenericAgent, typically the intentional action ofan Organism (including itself), but possibly a natural cause such as an earthquake or landslide or illness (''AilmentCondition''). Note that in cases of suicide the Organism would be the same in both cases. `'Killing' is done by an Agent organism, not by natural forces, For death due to accident, use 'AccidentalDeath'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'kill' in WordNet: 1. (103) kill - (cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly; 'This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank'; 'The farmer killed a pig for the holidays') WN noun 'killing': 2. (5) killing, kill, putting to death - (the act of terminating a life)`
Super-classes	CauseOfDeath^c PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value DeathByKilling^c worsens^op value PhysiologicalCondition^c hadAgentHarmed^op some Organism^c
Sub-classes	Suicide^c Assassination^c PoisoningToDeath^c Eradicating^c KillingaPerson^c Smothering^c Disinfecting^c Pasteurization^c DrowningSomething^c ImpalingOnaStake^c KillingAnAnimal^c SlaughteringAnimals^c Euthanasia^c CrushingAnAnimal^c

KillingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KillingAnAnimal`
Description	''KillingAnAnimal'' is not just what a ''Hunter'' attempts to do (that would be ''KillingGame''). This can be swatting a mosquito or running over an animal on the road.
Super-classes	Killing^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op some NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	KillingaGameAnimal^c

KillingInBattle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KillingInBattle`
Description	''KillingInBattle'' is a ''KillingaPerson'' in which the Person killed is a soldier (includes air and sea) that was killed during a combat operation in wartime. This is not necessarily done by the 'enemy', as it includes killing by 'friendly fire'.
Super-classes	KillingaPerson^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value War^c

KillingaGameAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KillingaGameAnimal`
Description	''KillingaGameAnimal' is a ''KillingAnAnimal'' where the animal is killed as a result of a ''Hunting'' event.
Super-classes	KillingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op some GameAnimal^c isTheResultOf^op some Hunting^c

KillingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KillingaPerson`
Description	Killing in which the patient (object) of the action is a Person. This is not necssarily a ''Homicide'' because the agent perfroming the killing is no necessarily a Person.
Super-classes	Killing^c
Restrictions	hadOrganismKilled^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Homicide^c Execution-Judicial^c KillingInBattle^c Beheading^c ZappingAnAdversary^c

Killjoy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Killjoy`
Description	This needs Actions of reducing pleasure for better logical description. @ToDo. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'killjoy' in WordNet: 1. spoilsport, killjoy, wet blanket, party pooper - (someone who spoils the pleasure of others)`
Super-classes	PersonaNonGrata^c
Restrictions	agentMayCauseState^op value Annoyance^c

Kiln^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kiln`
Description	A special type of ''Furnace'', used `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kiln' in WordNet: 1. kiln - (a furnace for firing or burning or drying such things as porcelain or bricks)`
Super-classes	Furnace^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ForgingaMetalObject^c

KilnFiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KilnFiring`
Description	''KilnFiring'' is a ''Baking-Hardening'' of materials (usually predominantly inorganic) in a ''Kiln''. This is mostly for producing bricks or ceramic objects, but may be used for any other purpose for hardening inorganic material. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'fire' in WordNet: 3. (10) fire - (bake in a kiln so as to harden; 'fire pottery')`
Super-classes	Baking-Hardening^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Kiln^c

KiloByte^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KiloByte`
Description	One KiloByte (KB) of information. One KiloByte is 1024 Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is different from the one accepted in the SI system.
Super-classes	BinaryInformationMeasure^c

KiloCalorie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KiloCalorie`
Description	A ''KiloCalorie'' is an energy measure equal to 1000 ''Calorie''s. This is the 'calorie' used in rating food energy content. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'calorie' in WordNet: 2. Calorie, kilogram calorie, kilocalorie, large calorie, nutritionist's calorie - (a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree at one atmosphere pressure; used by nutritionists to characterize the energy-producing potential in food)
Super-classes	FunctionQuantity^c

KilowattHour^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KilowattHour

Description

KilowattHour is a UnitOfMeasure for energy that represents 1000 Watts (1 kW) of power expended over one hour (1 h) of time. This is the unit commonly used in commercial power contexts. It is equivalent to 3,600,000 Joules.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kilowatt hour' in WordNet:
     1. kilowatt hour, kW-hr, Board of Trade unit, B.T.U. - (a unit of energy 
        equal to the work done by a power of 1000 watts operating for one hour)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Kilt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kilt

Description

A ''Kilt'' is typically worn by Scottish men when they intend to celebrate their traditional dress, but sometimes by Irish also.

       The collection of pleated, wraparound #$Skirts
        traditionally worn by Scottish men.  #$Kilts are usually
        made of tartan cloth.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kilt' in WordNet:
          1. kilt - (a knee-length pleated tartan skirt 
               worn by men as part of the traditional dress 
               in the Highlands of northern Scotland)

Super-classes Skirt^c
TraditionalClothing^c
MensClothing^c

Kimono^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kimono

Description

Type of traditional Japanese clothing, usually full-length or nearly full-length.

       ??'gown' or 'robe'??

      Includes but is broader than to noun sense 1 of 'kimono',
         this is intended primarily for the traditional Japanese
         robe, but can include modern variants:
            in WordNet:
          1. kimono - (a loose robe; imitated from robes originally worn by Japanese)

Super-classes Robe^c
ClothingItem^c
TraditionalClothing^c
Gown^c

Kind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kind`
Description	'Kind' is an AttributeValue of someone who has the trait of kindness. NOTE that in COSMO the difference between 'having a trait' and having an attribute that specifies having that trait is not distinguished. To be kind and to have kindness are treated in COSMO as different linguistic methods to specify the same meaning. Therefore 'kind' as an adjective is considered as the referent for the nominalized form 'generosity' as well as the adjectival form. `The meaning of 'kind' as a sort, type, or category is represented by 'Sort'. However, the notion 'kind' is also used to characterize actions, and this is a distinct sense. (not in Wordnet). WN 'kind': in WordNet: 1. (4) kind - (having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior; 'kind to sick patients'; 'a kind master'; 'kind words showing understanding and sympathy'; 'thanked her for her kind letter')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Kind-Hearted^c Considerate^c WarmHearted^c Generous^c

Kind-Hearted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kind-Hearted`
Description	''Kind-Hearted'' is a subattribute of ''Kind'' characterizing people who are habitually kind to others. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'kind-hearted' in Wordnet: 1. kindhearted, kind-hearted - (having or proceeding from an innately kind disposition; 'a generous and kindhearted teacher')`
Super-classes	Kind^c
Sub-classes	Benevolent^c

Kindergarten^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kindergarten

Description

''Kindergarten'' is the ''EducationalRank'' for children who are just being introduced to the social atmoshere of a School, before formal graded educational studies have begun..

       Corresponds only pproximately to the apparent noun sense 1 of 'kindergarten'
           (but unlike WN, this is not a 'school' but a rank in a scool)
         in WordNet:
         1. (1) kindergarten - (a preschool for children age 4 to 6 to 
            prepare them for primary school)

Super-classes EducationalRank^c

Kindly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kindly

Description

''Kindly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the action was or is being or should be performed in a 'Kind'' manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'kindly' in WordNet:
         1. (1) kindly - (in a kind manner or out of kindness;
           'He spoke kindly to the boy'; 'she kindly overlooked the mistake')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Kindness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kindness`
Description	The trait of someone who is disposed to perform an ''ActOfKindness'' (more often than a typical person does). An is an example of an ''ActExhibitingCharacterTrait'', i.e. the character trait of ''Kindness''.. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'kindness' in Wordnet: 1. kindness - (the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic) 2. forgivingness, kindness - (tendency to be kind and forgiving)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Benevolence^c Considerateness^c Decency^c

Kinesiology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kinesiology

Description

''Physiology'' is a branch of ''Biology''

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kinesiology' in WordNet:
         1. kinesiology - (the branch of physiology that studies
            the mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement)

Super-classes Physiology^c

KineticEnergy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KineticEnergy

Description

''KineticEnergy'' is the energy contained by an object in motion (relative to another object - relativity!)

       CYC: Kinetic energy is energy due to an objects being
        in motion, can be calculated as 1/2*M*V**2; it is measured
        in Joules in the MKS system.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kinetic energy' in WordNet:
          1. (17) kinetic energy, K.E. - (the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion)

Super-classes MechanicalEnergy^c

KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KineticEnergyPoweredDevice`
Description	COSMO not: this includes sleds that are powered by gravitation usually after an initial push of the rider. CYC: A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice does not have any on-board energy source incorporated into it, at least not one supplying the bulk of the power requirements of the device. Instead, its operating power is supplied by the kinetic energy from something else in motion - such as animal muscle power (including human labor), wind energy, or hydraulic power. Specializations of this collection include #$Pulley and #$Piano-Acoustic. (Cf. #$SelfPoweredDevice, which includes, e.g., electric organs.)
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c PoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	PercussionInstrument^c WindPoweredDevice^c Spring-Device^c SnowBoard^c Wheel^c Belt-Mechanical^c SnowSurfaceTransporter^c Piston^c Sled^c Surfboard^c Pulley^c

KineticFriction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KineticFriction`
Description	''KineticFriction'' is the ''Friction'' that resists the Motion of a movable solid object while it is moving in a 'sliding' manner relative to a relatively static surface. See also ''StaticFriction''. From: https://study.com/academy/lesson/static-friction-definition-formula-examples.html Have you ever noticed that it's harder to get a shopping cart moving than it is to keep it moving. If you try to push your couch across the room, the first push is the hardest part. Maybe people assume that's nothing more than psychological, but there really is a physics reason for it. The reason is static friction. Friction, in general, is a force that makes it harder for two objects to slide alongside one another. Static friction is the friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface on which it's resting. Once the objects have already started moving, kinetic friction takes over. This is the friction that exists between two objects moving relative to each other. Kinetic friction isn't as strong as static friction, and so it's easier to keep the shopping cart moving.
Super-classes	Friction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Sliding-Generic^c

King-ChessPiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#King-ChessPiece

Description

Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess king.

       WN sense 10 of 'king' in Wordnet:
       10. king - ((chess) the weakest but the most important piece)

Super-classes ChessPiece^c

King-HeadOfGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#King-HeadOfGovernment`
Description	The King of a country and the #$HeadOfGovernment of that country. If uncertain whether an individual king is or is not the HeadOfGovernment, use 'King-HeadOfState'.
Super-classes	MemberOfRoyalty^c King-HeadOfState^c HeadOfGovernment^c

King-HeadOfState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#King-HeadOfState`
Description	CYC: The collection of all kings of a countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'king' in WordNet: 1. (20) king, male monarch, Rex - (a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom)`
Super-classes	Monarch-HeadOfState^c MalePerson^c MemberOfTheNobility^c MemberOfRoyalty^c
Sub-classes	King-HeadOfGovernment^c

King-size^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#King-size`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'king-size' in Wordnet: 1. king-size, king-sized - (extra large; 'a king-size bed')`
Super-classes	Larger^c

KingSizeBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KingSizeBed`
Description	A ''KingSizeBed'' is a ''Bed'' with a width larger that of a ''DoubleBed''.
Super-classes	Bed^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c isDesignedToSupport^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value King-size^c

Kingdom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kingdom`
Description	COSMO: A Country (a GeopoliticalEntity) which has a Monarch-HeadOfState as its 'HeadOfState'. This includes constitutional monarchies such as the United Kingdom, as well as true hereditary absolute monarchies such as Saudi Arabia,where the king is also 'HeadOfGovernment' (i.e. the king is a King-HeadOfGovernment). `NOTE that in many Kingdoms, a 'Queen' may be the Monarch. The King need not be specified at any given time, but can be with the relation 'hasHeadOfGovernment' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'kingdom' in WordNet: 2. (1) kingdom - (a country with a king as head of state)`
Super-classes	Country^c
Restrictions	hasHeadOfGovernment^op only Monarch-HeadOfState^c

Kingfisher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kingfisher`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kingfisher' in WordNet: 1. kingfisher - (nonpasserine large-headed bird with a short tail and long sharp bill; usually crested and bright-colored; feed mostly on fish)`
Super-classes	CoraciformBird^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value LargeHead^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crested^c hasOrganicPart^op value HeadCrest^c

Kingship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kingship`
Description	'A 'Kingship'' is a ''MonarchState'', which is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) of a Person who holds the position of ''King'' `Corresponds to part (position) of noun sense 1 of 'kingship' in WordNet: 1. kingship - (the dignity or rank or position of a king)`
Super-classes	BeingaMonarch^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value King-HeadOfState^c

Kinship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kinship`
Description	A ''Kinship'' is the ''HumanRelationship'' that exists among family members. This is a ''PersistentState'' performed by the members of a ''KinshipGroup''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'kinship' in WordNet: 2. (1) kinship, family relationship, relationship - ((anthropology) relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption)`
Super-classes	HumanRelationship^c Relatedness^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value KinshipGroup^c
Sub-classes	Paternity^c Brotherhood^c Motherhood^c

KinshipGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KinshipGroup`
Description	A KinshipGroup is a GroupOfPeople who are related to each other in part by ties of common descent from one or more ancestors or by marriage, or by marriage into or adoption into that descent group. The ties of descent can be diffuse or distant, as in large tribes. Each such group has the AttributeValue 'RelatedAsKin'. NOTE that for each instance of KinshipGroup defined, at least one real Person should be specified as belonging to that group - to keep it real. HRAF (KIN GROUPS - 610). In every society, individuals maintain interpersonal relationships, characterized by particular kinship terms and culturally patterned behavior, with each type of relative recognized by the prevailing kinship system. In addition, an individual is normally affiliated with one or more kin groups, each consisting of some, but not all, of his relatives. By 'descent' is meant a cultural rule defining the types of relatives with whom an individual is affiliated in a kin group. It need not, and commonly does not, imply that these relatives are more closely akin to him than are those who do not belong to the same group. The major types of kin groups are defined in the narrower terms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kinship group' in Wordnet: 1. kin, kin group, kinship group, kindred, clan, tribe - (group of people related by blood or marriage)
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c SocialBeing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value RelatedAsKin^c hasMember^op some Kinsman^c performsAction^op value Kinship^c hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c
Sub-classes	Folks^c FamilyLine^c Tribe^c Sib^c Ancestry^c Brothers^c Family-Human^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CassidySweeneyClan

Kinsman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kinsman`
Description	In COSMO ''Kinsman'' is the term for the common notion of a 'relative' (a person with a familial relation), a PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent where the Event is any Event in which a human individual (of any sex) is born into a family, is married into a family, or is adopted in some way by a family or other kinship group. The kinship relation can be very remote. The word 'kinsman' is formally male, but this is the broad term for 'relative', including a person of any sex. NOTE that a Person can be one's ''Kinsan'' whether dead or alive. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative' and sense 3 of 'relation' and noun sense 1 of 'kin' in WordNet: 1. (8) relative, relation - (a person related by blood or marriage; 'police are searching for relatives of the deceased'; 'he has distant relations back in New Jersey') WN noun 'kin': 1. kin, kinsperson, family - (a person having kinship with another or others; 'he's kin'; 'he's family') WN 'kinsman': 1. kinsman - (a male relative)
Super-classes	HumanRole^c PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	hasVitalityAttribute^op value DeadOrAlive^c roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value BirthEvent^c
Sub-classes	InLaw^c BiologicalRelation^c BloodRelative^c Father^c Descendant^c Ancestor^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CassidyKinsman http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatrickCassidy

Kiosk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kiosk`
Description	A ''Kiosk'' is a ''PartitionedSpace'' enclosed by walls, which is not usually inside a Room, to allow people to interact with and provide services to other People, such as a 'key booth' where keys are cut,or a 'ticket booth'. This is usually outdoors and separated from other buildings - is that a necessary property? `NOTE: a 'cubicle' is usually indoors. Corresponds to noun senses 1 'kiosk' in WordNet: 1. booth, cubicle, stall, kiosk - (small area set off by walls for special use)`
Super-classes	WorkingSpot^c SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c PartitionedSpace^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ServiceEvent^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value OutdoorLocation^c

Kissing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kissing`
Description	The physical act of kissing. There is not necessarily a receiver, so this is not necessarily a #$Communicating (e.g., a little kid kissing a favorite doll, a sailor kissing land after surviving a shipwreck). This sense of 'Kissing' is always performed by a Person, though the receiver of the kiss may not be a Person. A 'kissing' specifically of a Person (any part) or of another person's lips are represented as the subtypes, 'KissingaPerson' and 'KissingOnTheLips'. A sociable kissing on the cheek would be an instance of 'KissingaPerson'. NOTE that in SUMO, a person must be the object kissed. In COSMO the more general OpenCyc interpretation of this term is used. For the more specific SUMO interpretation, use 'KissingaPerson' SUMO: The class of Touching processes where the lips of two persons are brought into contact with each other. NOTE also that WordNet emphasizes the kissing of another person, but the more general kissing, including of inanimate objects, is not specifically excluded and not represented elsewhere in Wordnet. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of of 'kiss' in WordNet: 1. (18) kiss, buss, osculate - (touch with the lips or press the lips (against someone's mouth or other body part) as an expression of love, greeting, etc.; 'The newly married couple kissed'; 'She kissed her grandfather on the forehead when she entered the room') WN noun 'kiss': 1. (7) kiss, buss, osculation - (the act of caressing with the lips (or an instance thereof))
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c TouchingDeliberately^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value Lip^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c hadObjectMoved^op value Lip^c
Sub-classes	KissingaPerson^c

KissingOnTheLips^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KissingOnTheLips`
Description	The act of Kissing in which two people's lips come in contact, and at least one of them performs this contact intentionally. This includes the (rare?) case where the person being kissed does not actively participate, but is passive or even resents the action.. `This correspoonds to the SUMO sense of 'kissing': SUMO: The class of Touching processes where the lips of two persons are brought into contact with each other. smooch`
Super-classes	KissingaPerson^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value HumanLip^c
Sub-classes	Smooch^c

KissingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KissingaPerson`
Description	The act of Kissing in which the thing kissed by the person doing the Kissing is another Person. `NOTE that in SUMO, a person must be the object kissed, so this corresponds more closely to the SUMO 'Kissing' than does the more general COSMO 'Kissing', but this sense still does not require that both persons' lips are in contact. For the more specific Kssing in which both persons lips contact each others, use 'KissingOnTheLips' SUMO: The class of Touching processes where the lips of two persons are brought into contact with each other.`
Super-classes	Kissing^c TouchingAnotherPerson^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	KissingOnTheLips^c

Kit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kit`
Description	A ''Kit'' is a ''Group'' of objects that is a subtype of ''Equipment'', most or all of whose component elements are used in some specific activity, and which can be carried in one or a small number of portable cases. This is a specialized subgroup of ''Equipment'' generally. @mod47 A case that carries a 'Kit' is a 'Kit-Container'. A Kit with its contents is a ''KitAndContents'' `The activity for which a kit is used, or the articles in the ''Kit'' is often specified by a modifying word, e.g. 'makeup kit'. 'tool kit'. 'drilling outfit' (are outfits for larger objects?) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'kit' in WordNet: 2. kit, outfit - (gear consisting of a set of articles or tools for a specified purpose)`
Super-classes	Equipment^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op some HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	DressingCase^c

Kit-Container^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kit-Container

Description

A ''Kit-Container'' is a portable ''Case-Container'' that is designe to hold a ''Kit'' (objects used for some particular purpose.). Thus mist suitases will carry heterogeneous objects, but a 'Shaving kit'would have mostly itelms used for shaving.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kit' in WordNet:
             1. (2) kit - (a case for containing a set of articles)

Super-classes ContainerArtifact^c
PortableObject^c

KitAndContents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KitAndContents`
Description	A ''KitAndContents'' is a portable ''ContainerAndContents'' That is a ''Kit-Container'' containing a ''Kit'' (objects used in some activity). @mod47 RHW 'kit': 3. such a case and its contents. `No unambiguous exact WN sense - sense 2 may include this: in Wordnet: 2. kit, outfit - (gear consisting of a set of articles or tools for a specified purpose)`
Super-classes	PortableObject^c ContainerAndContents^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value Kit^c hasContainer^op value Kit-Container^c
Sub-classes	ToolKit^c ShavingKit^c MakeupKit^c

Kitchen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kitchen`
Description	CYC: The collection of kitchens as they tend to be in the late 20th century in more developed countries or in more developed places in the Third World. Small 'kitchens' like in staff rooms of small organizations which don't have stoves or refrigerators are not considered. So are kitchens where you would tend a bar. `NOTE: this is for fixed structures - the 'kitchen' of a vehicle is represented by ''KitchenCompartent'' and for a ship or airplane is a ''GalleyKitchen''. SUMO: A Room intended for Cooking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitchen' in WordNet: 1. (43) kitchen - (a room equipped for preparing meals)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value CookingFood^c

KitchenCompartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KitchenCompartment`
Description	A 'KitchenCompartment'' is a small dedicated space in some Vehicle (a ''TransportationDevice-Vehicle'') that serves like a ''Kitchen'' for the preparation of food. On a ship or aircraft this is referred to as a 'galley' - use subtype ''GalleyKitchen''.
Super-classes	Chamber^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c SpaceInAHOC^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value CookingFood^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	GalleyKitchen^c

KitchenRange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KitchenRange`
Description	A 'KitchenRange' is a HeatingDevice that is also a 'HouseholdAppliance', used for cooking food. It must have both a Cooktop-Device and an Oven as components.. Although it is a 'HouseholdAppliance', it may be used in a commercial setting such as a restaurant. `Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'range' in WordNet: 9. stove, kitchen stove, range, kitchen range, cooking stove - - (a kitchen appliance used for cooking food; 'dinner was already on the stove')`
Super-classes	HeatingDevice^c HouseholdAppliance^c Fixture^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some Oven^c heats^op value FoodOrDrink^c hasDesignFunction^op value HeatingFood^c hasPhysicalPart^op some Cooktop-Device^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value CookingFood^c

KitchenStrainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KitchenStrainer`
Description	CYC: 'StrainerForCooking'. A ''KitchenStrainer'' is a bowl-shaped device with or without a handle used for preparing food or drink. The subtype that does not use wire-mesh as the straining element is the subtype ''Colander''.
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c SmallObject^c PhysicalFilter^c ManufacturedGoods^c KitchenUtensil^c Strainer^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value PreparingFoodOrDrink^c isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op value Kitchen^c

KitchenUtensil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KitchenUtensil`
Description	A ''KitchenUtensil'' is any ''ArtifactObject'' used for preparing food, not necessarily in any heating process (something for preparing fresh salads would qualify). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitchen utensil' in WordNet: 1. kitchen utensil - (a utensil used in preparing food)`
Super-classes	FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c FoodUtensil^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PreparingFoodOrDrink^c
Sub-classes	CookingUtensil^c Peeler^c KitchenStrainer^c FoodMixer^c RollingPin^c

Kite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kite`
Description	A ''Kite'' is a ''Plaything'' (usually) consisting of some light fabric, usually paper, attached to a string, that is designed to 'catch' the wind - be pushed by the wind-, so that it will be suspended by the wind above the ground, while being prevented from flying away by a person on the ground holding the attached string. In CYC 'Kite-TheDevice': The collection of all wind-powered aircraft restrained by a towline and deriving lift from the aerodynamic action of the wind flowing across their surface. Commonly the kite consists of a light framework upon which paper, silk, or other thin material is stretched. Kites are used both for meteorological and other scientific research, and also as toys. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'kite' in WordNet: 3. kite - (plaything consisting of a light frame covered with tissue paper; flown in wind at end of a string)
Super-classes	Plaything^c RigidObject^c WindPoweredDevice^c Device-UserControlled^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Light^c isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Child^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Paper^c hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 200.0^c hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet^dp value 1.0^c

Kite-Hawk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kite-Hawk`
Description	In CYC 'Kite-TheBird': The collection of all members of any of several types of small birds of the hawk family (see #$AccipitrineFamily) that have long, pointed wings, feed on insects, carrion, reptiles, rodents, and birds, and are noted for their graceful, gliding flight. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'kite' in WordNet: 4. kite - (any of several small graceful hawks of the family Accipitridae having long pointed wings and feeding on insects and small animals)`
Super-classes	Hawk^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Insect^c

KiteSurfing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KiteSurfing`
Description	Wikipedia: Kiteboarding, also known as kitesurfing[1], is an action sport combining aspects of wakeboarding, snowboarding, windsurfing, surfing, paragliding, skateboarding and sailing into one extreme sport. A kiteboarder harnesses the power of the wind with a large controllable power kite to be propelled across the water, land, or snow. Compared to the other sailing sports, kiteboarding is both among the less expensive (including equipment) and the more convenient. It is also unique in that it harvests the wind energy from a much larger atmosphere volume, comparing to sail size.
Super-classes	AthleticActivity^c TranslationAlongASurface^c WaterSportActivity^c
Restrictions	occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value BodyOfWater^c occursAt^op value Shoreline^c

Kitsch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kitsch

Description

Needs 'pretentious bad taste' - how to say that??

        RHW: something of tawdry design, appearance, or content 
           created to appeal to popular or undiscriminating taste.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitsch' in WordNet:
          1. kitsch - (art in pretentious bad taste)

Super-classes FineArtObject^c

Kitschy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kitschy`
Description	Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'kitsch' in Wordnet: 1. ostentatious, pretentious, kitsch - (of a display that is tawdry or vulgar)
Super-classes	Vulgar^c Ostentatious^c

Kitten^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kitten

Description

A young ''Cat''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitten' and sense 3 of 'kitty' in WordNet:
          3. kitten, kitty - (young domestic cat)

Super-classes JuvenileAnimal^c
Cat^c

KittyLitter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KittyLitter`
Description	'KittyLitter' is any granular substance usually rock or clay, divided into small pieces (about the size of sand grains), to be used in a 'LitterBox'' for use of cats or other indoor domestic pets, to receive their urine and feces. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitty litter' in WordNet: 1. Kitty Litter - (granulated clay; placed in a container where it absorbs the waste products of a cat or dog)`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Granular^c

Kiwi^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kiwi

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'kiwi' in WordNet:
          4. kiwi, apteryx - (nocturnal flightless bird of New Zealand 
            having a long neck and stout legs; only surviving representative 
            of the order Apterygiformes)

Super-classes FlightlessBird^c

Knack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knack`
Description	A ''Knack' is a ''ProceduralKnowledge'' (know-how, a knowledge of how to do something properly) that is or appears to include some innate ''Talent'' that makes this ability stand out from that of others. NOTE: ''ProceduralKnowledge'' is an Oject and ''Talent'' is an Attribute, and ''Object''and ''Attribute' are disjoint,so those cannot both be parents of the same owl:Class. The relation between the two is that of ''hasPart'',in that an Attribute such as a Capability can have a Part that is some ''ProceduralKnowledge Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knack' in WordNet: 1. (2) bent, knack, hang - (a special way of doing something; 'he had a bent for it'; 'he had a special knack for getting into trouble'; 'he couldn't get the hang of it'
Super-classes	Talent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extraordinary^c

Kneading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kneading`
Description	Working semi-solid stuff (e.g. dough or clay) by pressing, squeezing, folding and stretching it. Can be done by hand or machine. `kneading dough and kneading clay should be different subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'knead' in WordNet: 1. (1) knead, work - (make uniform; 'knead dough'; 'work the clay until it is soft')`
Super-classes	SingleDoerAction^c MaterialHandling^c HandlingAnObject^c Homogenizing^c
Restrictions	mayBePerformedByAgent^op value Potter^c mayBePerformedByAgent^op value Cook^c hasSubEvent^op value SqueezingEvent^c hadObjectHandled^op value SemirigidObject^c mayBePerformedByAgent^op value Sculptor^c

Knee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knee

Description

Joint between the thigh and lower leg.

     SUMO: The joint in the Leg connecting the tibia and fibula 
       with the femur.

      NOTE: 'stifle' is for the joint in horses.  This entry is for the 
         Knee of a Person.

     Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'knee' in WordNet:
      1. (51) knee, knee joint, human knee, articulatio genus, genu -
         (hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula 
         with the femur and protected in front by the patella)
      2. (3) stifle, knee - (joint between the femur and tibia in a quadruped;
         corresponds to the human knee)

Super-classes Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c
ExternalAnatomicalPart^c

Kneecap^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kneecap

Description

The bone which protects the knee; aka patella.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kneecap' in WordNet:
         1. (1) patella, kneecap, kneepan - 
           (a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee 
             that protects the knee joint)

Super-classes ShortBone^c
LegBone^c
ProtectiveSystem^c
Covering-Object^c

Kneeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kneeling`
Description	Kneeling is a 'MakingAGesture' (a 'VoluntaryBodyMovement') in which the knees of one or both legs (front legs, for non-human animals) are moved so as to touch the ground. Usually it is a gesture of respect or submission. This includes the 'kneeling' of four-legged animals that rest the knees of their front legs on the ground, which still standing on the rear legs. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'kneel' in WordNet: 1. (9) kneel - (rest one's weight on one's knees; 'In church you have to kneel during parts of the service')`
Super-classes	MakingAGesture^c AnimalActivity^c Touching^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value Knee^c hadObjectTouched^op value GroundOrFloor^c

Knickers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knickers`
Description	Trousers are outerware pants that extend only to the knee, `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knickers' in WordNet: 1. breeches, knee breeches, knee pants, knickerbockers, knickers - (trousers ending above the knee)`
Super-classes	Trousers^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Thigh^c

Knicknacks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knicknacks`
Description	CYC: A Collection of 'curios', objects that have some significance for the owner with or without intrinsic value, with or without any practical use. Often souvenirs are included, but that is a different type. RHW: miscellaneous small articles collected for their antiquarian, sentimental, decorative, or other interest. Syn. trinkets, gimcracks, knickknacks, baubles, gewgaws. includes RHW 'tchotchke': an inexpensive souvenir, trinket, or ornament. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knickknacks' and part of sense 1 of 'trinket' (not necessarily jewelry and not necessarily cheap) and noun sense 2 of 'stuff' in WordNet: 2. bric-a-brac, knickknack, nicknack, knickknackery, whatnot - (miscellaneous curios) WN noun 'trinket': 1. (1) bangle, bauble, gaud, gewgaw, novelty, fallal, trinket - (cheap showy jewelry or ornament on clothing) WN noun 'stuff': 2. (5) stuff - (miscellaneous unspecified objects; 'the trunk was full of stuff') WN noun 'tchotchke': 2. chachka, tchotchke - ((Yiddish) an inexpensive showy trinket)
Super-classes	Stuff^c PluralThing^c Collection^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Curio^c

Knife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knife`
Description	A flat-bladed thin piece of metal, plastic, bone, or stone, or other hard material such as glass, with or without a separate handle, useful for cutting. Note that 'Knife' is not a subtype of BladedWeapon because not all knives are weapons. For knives used as tableware, see 'TableKnife'. This includes sharp-edged things used for cuttig soft objects like meat or bread, and includes the ''Cleaver''s used for cutting by chopping. SUMO: A sharp object used for cutting. The object must have at least single blade or major protrusion which may be sharp at its end as well. It may be sharp on both sides, or just one. Unlike an awl it has a sharp edge rather than a point. Unlike scissors, it is a single blade without additional articulated parts. Unlike an axe, a knife is well-designed for slicing rather than chopping, although a heavy knife such as a broadsword can also be used for chopping, whereas a non-knife is not well designed for slicing meat for example. A knife can be small like a pocket knife, or large like a two-handed broadsword. A knife may also include other protrusions such as in the split swords and trident-like objects (that also possess a long sharp edge) in Chinese weaponry. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'knife' in WordNet: 1. (6) knife - (edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle) 2. (5) knife - (a weapon with a handle and blade with a sharp point)
Super-classes	Device-UserPowered^c SharpObject^c HandTool^c EdgeTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Blade^c
Sub-classes	Scalpel^c TableKnife^c Dagger^c ParingKnife^c PocketKnife^c HuntingKnife^c CarvingKnife^c Switchblade^c Cleaver^c SurgicalKnife^c

KnifeEdge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnifeEdge`
Description	A ''KnifeEdge'' is the distinctive feature of the blades of knives, swords, and other bladed things designed for cutting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutting edge' in Wordnet: 2. knife edge, cutting edge - (the sharp cutting side of the blade of a knife)`
Super-classes	EdgeOnObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value SharpEdged^c isLocatedAtTheEndOf^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c hasShape^op value Angular^c enablesOrAssists^op value CuttingSomething^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (CuttingDevice^c or CuttingDeviceType^c)

Knight-ChessPiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knight-ChessPiece

Description

Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess knight.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'knight' in WordNet:
           2. knight, horse - (a chessman shaped to resemble the head of a horse; 
            can move two squares horizontally and one vertically (or vice versa))

Super-classes ChessPiece^c

Knitting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knitting`
Description	''Knitting'' is the Action of weaving pieces of Thread together by hand or by machine to make a fabirc. Any period of time during which a Person or machine is doing this is an instance of ''Knitting''. `CYC: In instances of #$Knitting, a fiber (usually #$Yarn) is formed into a row of a series of loops, then back along the same row making loops through the last set of loops, and so on to form a piece of fabric. When performed non-professionally, usually #$KnittingNeedles are used. For the kind of 'knitting' done by hand with knitting needles,use subtype ''KnittingByHand''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'knit' in WordNet: 1. (2) knit - (make (textiles) by knitting; 'knit a scarf')`
Super-classes	Assembling^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c Attaching^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Thread^c
Sub-classes	KnittingByHand^c

KnittingByHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnittingByHand`
Description	''KnittingByHand'' is the Action of weaving pieces of Thread together by hand using knitting needles Any period of time during which a Person or machine is doing this is an instance of ''Knitting''.
Super-classes	Knitting^c CraftingObjects^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c SingleDoerAction^c Manufacturing^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value KnittingNeedle^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c

KnittingNeedle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnittingNeedle`
Description	A long thin but relatively rigid ''Rod'' used in manipulating ''Yarn'' in ''Knitting''. `CYC: Instances of #$KnittingNeedle are pointed, cylindrical shafts made of metal or plastic, from 6 to 16 inches long, from 1/16-inch to a half-inch in diameter, and primarily used in #$Knitting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knitting needle' in WordNet: 1. knitting needle - (needle consisting of a slender rod with pointed ends; usually used in pairs)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c Shaft^c HandSizedObject^c Needle^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c enablesOrAssists^op value KnittingByHand^c

Knob^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knob`
Description	A ''Knob'' is a Handle that is round, close to spherical (''Ovoidal''), and is just large enough to be grasped conveniently by the hand, to open a door or drawer. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'knob' in WordNet: 2. (1) knob - (a round handle)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Handle^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op some (Door^c or Drawer^c or ContainerArtifact^c or ArtifactObjectType^c) hasShape^op value Ovoidal^c enablesOrAssists^op value PullingOnAnObject^c
Sub-classes	DoorKnob^c

Knocking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knocking`
Description	This sense of 'Knocking' is specifically for the Action in which a Person raps more than once the knuckles on some hard surface to produce a KnockingSound. The surface may or may not be a door. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'knock' and sense 2 of 'rap' in WordNet: 2. (6) knock - (rap with the knuckles; 'knock on the door') WN erb 'rap' 2. tap, rap, knock, pink - (make light, repeated taps on a surface; 'he was tapping his fingers on the table impatiently')`
Super-classes	KnockingOnaSurface^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Knuckle^c causes^op value KnockingSound^c hadObjectTouched^op value SolidObject^c

KnockingOnaSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnockingOnaSurface`
Description	A ''KnockingOnaSurface'' is a ''HittingAnObject'' with medium force,sufficient to produce a sound but not strong enough to cause damage to the surface. This is usually done with the hand, but may be done with a hard object manipulated by the hand, such as a door knocker. this can be a single knock or repeated knocks, but for repeated knocks us the subtype ''Knocking''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'knock' in WordNet: 2. (6) knock - (rap with the knuckles; 'knock on the door')`
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c TouchingDeliberately^c HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value TouchingState^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c causes^op value KnockingSound^c
Sub-classes	Knocking^c

KnockingSomethingOver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnockingSomethingOver`
Description	Each 'KnockingSomethingOver' is an Action that causes a PhysicalObject that is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' to move from a vertical to a horizontal orientation. If the thing knocked over is an open-topped vessel with contents, this will cause a 'spill'. `NOTE: some of the labels are also used for upside-down inversion, but these two logical types are distinguishable by the final orientation of the object affected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knock over' in WordNet: 1. (2) overturn, tip over, turn over, upset, knock over, bowl over, tump over - (cause to overturn from an upright or normal position; 'The cat knocked over the flower vase'; 'the clumsy customer turned over the vase'; 'he tumped over his beer')`
Super-classes	Motion^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Horizontal^c

KnockingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnockingSound

Description

A sound consisting of more than one short sounds characteristic of solid objects impacting each other.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knock' in Wordnet, though in WordNet this
       is a noun and in COSMO it is an Event, which is the classification for a 
       Sound in COSMO:
      in WordNet:
         1. (2) knock, knocking - (the sound of knocking (as on a door or 
           in an engine or bearing); 'the knocking grew louder')

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Knockout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knockout`
Description	A ''Knockout'' is one possible ending of a ''BoxingMatch'', when one ''Boxer' hits another so hard the other falls to the 'mat' and cannot get up for at least ten seconds. `NOTE: people may be knocked out in other actions, but this is for the KO in a ''BoxingMatch''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'knockout' in WordNet: 2. knockout, KO, kayo - (a blow that renders the opponent unconscious)`
Super-classes	BodyBlow^c PunchingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BoxingMatch^c isPerformedBy^op value Boxer^c

Knot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knot`
Description	A region (part) of a CordlikeObject (or the junction of two CordlikeObjects) that has the shape of a KnotShapedObject, i.e. is tied in a knot. This sense of Knot is for PhysicalObjects; the mathematical sense is not yet (r885) represented. NOTE that two CordlikeObjects that are tied together in a Knot form another CordlikeObject, so a Knot can be considered part of one CordlikeObject. However, if a CordlikeObject is tied in a knot to another object, only the part that is the CordlikeObject is considered as the Knot. CYC: 'KnotConfiguration': The collection of physical configurations of #$CordlikeObject commonly known as knots Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'knot' in WordNet, though this sense is not necessarily a 'fastening', as a 'Knot' may be formed unintentionally: in WordNet: 2. (2) knot - (any of various fastenings formed by looping and tying a rope (or cord) upon itself or to another rope or to another object)
Super-classes	TwistedObject^c Configuration^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some CordlikeObject^c hasShape^op value KnotShaped^c

KnotShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnotShaped

Description

A shape consisting of a tangled cord, whether physical or abstract.

    Cyc uses 'KnotShapedObject' to specify such shapes

    WordNet does not seem to have a sense for abstract things.  See 'knot'
    for WordNet sense 2, part of a cord or string.

    Cyc: A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and thus a
        specialization of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (q.v.).
        This is the collection of all knot-shaped objects, whether
        spatially-localized or abstract.

    Corresponds to part of adjective sense 3 of 'knotted' in WordNet,
      but this represents one knot, not many:
     in WordNet:
        3. knotted, knotty, snarled, snarly - (tangled in knots or snarls; 'a mass of knotted string';
          'snarled thread')

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

Knotting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knotting`
Description	''Knotting'' is a 'TyingTogether' of strings or cords in a way that produces a ''Knot''. This may be done unintentionally. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'knot' in WordNet: 2. (1) knot - (tie or fasten into a knot; 'knot the shoelaces')`
Super-classes	TyingTogether^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value CordlikeObject^c produces^op value Knot^c

Knowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knowing`
Description	'Knowing' is the most basic attribute of a Person who knows some fact(s) about some topic. `This corresponds to sense 2 of 'knowledgeable' in WordNet: 2. knowledgeable, knowing - (alert and fully informed; 'a knowing collector of rare books'; 'surprisingly knowledgeable about what was going on')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Cognizant^c Woke^c

KnowingHowToDoSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnowingHowToDoSomething`
Description	''KnowingHowToDoSomething'' is a 'KnowingSomething' for which the something is a ''Procedure'' for performing some task. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'know' in WordNet: 2. (142) know - (know how to do or perform something; 'She knows how to knit'; 'Does your husband know how to cook?')`
Super-classes	KnowingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingKnown^op some ProceduralKnowledge^c
Sub-classes	KnowingHowToSolveaProblem^c

KnowingHowToSolveaProblem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnowingHowToSolveaProblem`
Description	''KnowingHowToSolveaProblem'' is a ''KnowingHowToDoSomething'' in which what is known is ''ProceduralKnowledge'' that allows the knower to solve a problem. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'know' in WordNet: 2. (142) know - (know how to do or perform something; 'She knows how to knit'; 'Does your husband know how to cook?')`
Super-classes	KnowingHowToDoSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingKnown^op some ProblemSolvingProcedure^c isCausedBy^op some InferringaProblemSolution^c

KnowingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnowingSomething`
Description	'KnowingSomething' is a ''Believing'' for which the Agent who knows something has good reason to believe it. This includes procedural knowledge (know-how), but does not include the 'knowing' of being acquainted with a person or being able to identify a type of thing. ''Knowing'' is a conscious ''Cognition'' in which a Person knows (or thinks s/he knows) some fact. Includes noun senses 1,2, and 3 of 'know' in WordNet: 1. (593) know, cognize, cognise - (be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about; 'I know that the President lied to the people'; 'I want to know who is winning the game!'; 'I know it's time') 2. (142) know - (know how to do or perform something; 'She knows how to knit'; 'Does your husband know how to cook?') 3. (124) know - (be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt; 'I know that I left the key on the table'; 'Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun') WN noun 'knowing': 1. knowing - (a clear and certain mental apprehension)
Super-classes	Cognition^c Believing^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Cognizant^c hasThingKnown^op some owl:Thing^c hasThingKnown^op value Fact^c isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	KnowingHowToDoSomething^c
In domain of	hasThingKnown^op

Knowingly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knowingly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'knowingly' in Wordnet: 1. wittingly, knowingly - (with full knowledge and deliberation; 'he wittingly deleted the references')`
Super-classes	Unintentionally^c

Knowledge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knowledge`
Description	Information-Content that is represented in the mind of a 'IntentionalAgent'. Formally in COSMO, Knowledge is a Belief (which can be a combination of Propositions) that is contained in the mind of an IntelligentAgent, and for which the Agent has good reason for Belief, and which is also considered true in the ontology or data representation system being used. Something believed to be true that is not true is an 'ErroneousBelief'. In any quantity of 'Knowledge' there must be some 'Fact's. `NOTE that the restriction requires that any instantiation of this type must specify the 'IntelligentAgent' (which can be a Group) that 'knows' the thing. @ToDo: the restriction about 'Fact' should also be 'someValuesFrom'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knowledge' in WordNet: 1. cognition, knowledge, noesis - (the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning)`
Super-classes	PropositionGroup^c Belief^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Fact^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Known^c isKnownBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c enablesOrAssists^op value Action^c
Sub-classes	SpecializedKnowledge^c NewKnowledge^c GeographicKnowledge^c Trivia^c Wisdom^c Lore^c ProceduralKnowledge^c ReceivedWisdom^c Familiarity^c Education^c IndividualVocabulary^c
In range of	hasThingKnown^op

KnowledgeClassificationSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnowledgeClassificationSystem`
Description	A KnowledgeClassificationSystem is a KOS that includes at least a taxonomy to provide some formal logical relations among the different concepts in the group of concepts being described.
Super-classes	KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c
Sub-classes	Ontology^c OrganizationIndustrySectorClassification^c Thesaurus^c SemanticNetwork^c Taxonomy^c

KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnowledgeOrganizationSystem`
Description	A KnowledgeOrganizationSystem is a group of assertions that are created for the purpose of systematically describing some field of knowledge. They range from dictionaries through ontologies and executable specifications. Approximately similar to 'Concept Scheme' in FIBO: FIBO scope note: 'A concept scheme may be defined to include concepts from different sources.' FIBO def: 'A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic relationships between those concepts. examples Thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, folksonomies, and other types of controlled vocabulary are all examples of concept schemes. Concept schemes are also embedded in glossaries and terminologies'
Super-classes	Information-encoding-system^c Context^c
Sub-classes	Dictionary^c TimeClassificationSystem^c Glossary^c Encyclopedia^c MentalStructure^c Syntax^c KnowledgeClassificationSystem^c

Knowledgeable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knowledgeable`
Description	'Knowledgeable' is the attribute of someone who has a body of Knowledge significantly larger than average; this can be about a particular FieldOfStudy or about Knowledge in general. For more profound depth of knowledge in any field that requires book study (not just practice) use 'Learned'. For the sense of having had a strong academic education, use the subtype 'Well-educated'. The notion of ''is knowledgeable about'' is included in the relations ''knows'' and ''isKnowledgeableAbout''. This includes senses 1 and 3 of 'knowledgeable' in WordNet. for one included subtype see 'Learned': in WordNet: 1. (1) enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, well-educated, well-read - (highly educated; having extensive information or understanding; 'an enlightened public'; 'knowing instructors'; 'a knowledgeable critic'; 'a knowledgeable audience') 3. intimate, knowledgeable, versed - (thoroughly acquainted through study or experience; 'this girl, so intimate with nature'-W.H.Hudson; 'knowledgeable about the technique of painting'- Herbert Read)
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c
Sub-classes	Wise^c Learned^c Well-educated^c Sophisticated^c Incisive^c Worldly^c

Known^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Known`
Description	''Known'' is an attribute of anything that is known to any IntelligentAgent. This term may be restricted in some contexts to small groups or individuals, in which case the usage would be 'known to ...'. `(the relation 'isKnownBy' is related) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'known' in WordNet: 1. (37) known - (apprehended with certainty; 'a known quantity'; 'the limits of the known world'; 'a musician known throughout the world'; 'a known criminal')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Well-known^c

KnownToBeFalse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnownToBeFalse`
Description	KnownToBeFalse is a level of credibility that applies to an assertion that is contradicted by an assertion that is known to be true, or that violates principles of physics. @ToDo: relation to 'incorrect' (for data?) See also 'False' (instance of TruthValue). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'false' and sense 1 of 'incorrect' and adjective sense 1 of 'wrong' and adj sense 1 of 'erroneous' in WordNet: 1. (9) false - (not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality; 'gave false testimony under oath'; 'false tales of bravery') 2. (1) false, mistaken - (arising from error; 'a false assumption'; 'a mistaken view of the situation') WN adj 'untrue' 1. (2) untrue - (not according with the facts; 'unfortunately the statement was simply untrue') WN 'incorrect': 1. (1) incorrect, wrong - (not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth; 'an incorrect calculation'; 'the report in the paper is wrong'; 'your information is wrong'; 'the clock showed the wrong time'; 'found themselves on the wrong road'; 'based on the wrong assumptions') WN adj 'erroneous': 1. (1) erroneous, inaccurate - (containing or characterized by error; 'erroneous conclusions'; 'the answer was inaccurate')
Super-classes	TruthValue^c NonConforming^c
Sub-classes	Simplistic^c

KnownToBeTrue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KnownToBeTrue`
Description	KnownToBeTrue is the highest level that can be assigned to a document or other assertion, and should only be applied to something that has had multiple reliable confirmations. Includes adjective senses 1 of 'true' and 1 and 4 of 'correct' and senses 1 and 5 of 'right' in Wordnet: WN 'true': 1. (84) true - (consistent with fact or reality; not false; 'the story is true'; 'it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true'- B. Russell; 'the true meaning of the statement') 1. (6) correct, right - (free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth; 'the correct answer'; 'the correct version'; 'the right answer'; 'took the right road'; 'the right decision') 4. right, correct - (correct in opinion or judgment; 'time proved him right')
Super-classes	TruthValue^c
Sub-classes	Undeniable^c

Knuckle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knuckle`
Description	A Knuckle, is the region on the outer surface of a finger, over the middle segment of the finger. Only some animals have Knuckles, but it is not restricted to humans. `SUMO: Any joint in a Finger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knuckle' in Wordnet: 1. (3) knuckle, knuckle joint, metacarpophalangeal joint - (a joint of a finger when the fist is closed)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c Surface-Physical^c AnimalBodyPart^c Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Finger^c

Koala^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Koala

Description

Australian marsupials which eat only eucalyptus leaves.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'koala' in WordNet:
        1. koala, koala bear, kangaroo bear, native bear, Phascolarctos cinereus - 
           (sluggish tailless Australian arboreal marsupial with grey furry ears and coat; 
           feeds on eucalyptus leaves and bark)

Super-classes Marsupial^c

Koran^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Koran`
Description	The ''Koran'' is the original sacred text of Islam. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Koran' in Wordnet: 1. Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an, Book - (the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina)`
Super-classes	Scripture^c
Restrictions	isSacredTo^op value MuslimGroup^c isSacredTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Islam^c

Korean^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Korean

Description

''Korean'' pertains to the country of ''Korea-South'' or to the 'Korea-North' or to the people of Korea or to artifacts or practices or other things repreentative of Korea and its people.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Korean' in WordNet:
           1. (1) Korean - (of or relating to or characteristic of Korea 
              or its people or language; 'Korean handicrafts')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

KoreanPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KoreanPerson

Description

CYC: These are the people who live in or are from Korea (either north or south).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Korean' in WordNet:
          1. (1) Korean - (a native or inhabitant of Korea who speaks the Korean language)

Super-classes PersonByNationality^c
Person^c

Kosher^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kosher

Description

''Kosher'' is the attribute of objects and Actions that conform to the Jewish dietary laws. This is applied not only to the foods and ''FoodObject''s that are observant Jews are allowed to eat, but to the procedures for preparing foods, such as the manner of slaughtering animals for food, and the segregation of tableware used to handle meat and dairy products.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'kosher' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) kosher, cosher - (conforming to dietary laws; 'kosher meat'; 'a kosher kitchen')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

KosherFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KosherFood`
Description	CYC: The collection of all food that may be eaten according to the #$KosherCodeOfConduct. This is a substance, and food objectg that are Kosher will be categorized as KosherFoodObjects. `Corresponds to part (for Food substances) of noun sense 1 of 'kosher' in WordNet: 1. kosher - (food that fulfills the requirements of Jewish dietary law)`
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c Cuisine^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Kosher^c
Sub-classes	Vegetable-Food^c

KosherFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KosherFoodObject`
Description	CYC: The collection of all organic food objects that may be eaten according to the #$KosherCodeOfConduct. This is a substance, and ''FoodObject''s that are ''Kosher'' are categorized as ''KosherFoodObject''s. `Corresponds to part (for FoodObjects) of noun sense 1 of 'kosher' in WordNet: 1. kosher - (food that fulfills the requirements of Jewish dietary law)`
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value KosherFood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Kosher^c
Sub-classes	Matzoh^c Fruit^c

Krill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Krill`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'krill' in WordNet: 1. krill - (shrimp-like planktonic crustaceans; major source of food for e.g. baleen whales)`
Super-classes	MalacostracanCrustacean^c

Krypton^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Krypton

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of Krypton in stuffeous form.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'krypton' in WordNet:
         1. krypton, Kr, atomic number 36 - (a colorless element 
           that is one of the six inert gases; occurs in trace amounts in air)

Super-classes NonMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
Gas^c

Kundalini^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kundalini`
Description	`RHW 'kundalini' (Hinduism): the vital force lying dormant within one until activated by the practice of yoga, which leads one toward spiritual power and eventual salvation.`
Super-classes	VitalForce^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Salvation^c

Kurd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kurd`
Description	Any Person who lives in, was born in, is a citizen of, or has an ancestry derived mostly from the MiddleEast region called ''Kurdistan''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kurd' in WordNet: 1. Kurd - (a member of a largely pastoral Islamic people who live in Kurdistan; the largest ethnic group without their own state)`
Super-classes	AsianPerson^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kurdistan^c

Kurdish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kurdish`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Kurdish' in WordNet: 1. Kurdish - (of or relating to Kurdistan or the Kurds or their language and culture; 'Kurdish Moslems')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Kurta^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kurta`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kurta' in WordNet: 1. kurta - (a loose collarless shirt worn by many people on the Indian subcontinent (usually with a salwar or churidars or pyjama))`
Super-classes	Shirt^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LooseFitting^c lacks^op value Collar^c isMostlyWornBy^op value IndianPerson^c

Kuwaiti^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kuwaiti

Description

''Kuwaiti'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Kuwait'' or a ''KuwaitiPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'K'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Kuwaiti' in Wordnet:
       1. Kuwaiti - (of or relating to the kingdom of Kuwait or its people; 'Kuwaiti ports')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

KuwaitiPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KuwaitiPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kuwaiti' in WordNet: 1. Kuwaiti - (a native or inhabitant of Kuwait)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Kuwait^c

L-shaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#L-shaped

Description

Something 'L-shaped'' has a shape (looking from the side) of the letter 'L' - though it may be three-dimensional.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'L-shaped' in WordNet:
          1. L-shaped - (shaped in the form of the letter L)

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c
Angular^c

LSD^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LSD

Description

Lysergic acid diethylamide - a hallucinogenic agent.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lsd' in WordNet:
         1. lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD - (a powerful
             hallucinogenic drug manufactured from lysergic acid)

Super-classes Hallucinogen^c
DrugSubstance^c
DrugProduct^c

LabCoat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LabCoat

Description

A LabCoat is a lightweight coat-like Garment, typically buttoned down the front, usually extending to the knees or below, which is designed to protect the wearer and the wearer's clothing from contact with materials that are toxic, corrosive, or otherwise damaging, while working in a laboratory, medical facility, or laboratory-like environment.

    A shortened form of 'Laboratory Coat'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lab coat' in WordNet:
         1. lab coat, laboratory coat - (a light coat worn to protect clothing 
             from substances used while working in a laboratory)

Super-classes OuterGarment^c

LabRat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LabRat`
Description	A ''LabRat'' is a ''Rat'' that is a ''LaboratoryAnimal'', typically specifically bred for that purpose with a known genetic inheritance and therefore a relatively consistent response to experimental conditions. They are usually white, but not necessarily. `NOTE: the term 'lab rat' is also used metaphorically for any animal(s), including people, who are used as experimental subjects in some form of 'research', foral or informal. Simiar to the use of 'Guinea pig'.`
Super-classes	LaboratoryAnimal^c Rat^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value LaboratoryResearch^c

Label^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Label`
Description	A ''Label'' is a ''Name'' consisting of one or a small number of words intended to indicate the 'type' or 'category' to which the labeled thing belongs. This is not the name of an Individual thing, but of a type. The words used in this COSMO ontology to distinguish the different entities that are identified by rdf:ID="XXX" are examples of a ''Label'' The closest noun sense of 'label' in WordNet is sense 1, but that is called a 'description'. Tis type is only a 'description' to the extent that the ''Label'' may already be known by the Person to whom it is a sufficient 'descripton' of the category of the thing labeled. in WordNet: 1. (3) label - (a brief description given for purposes of identification; "the label Modern is applied to many different kinds of architecture") WN and includes part of noun sense 1 'designation': 1. (2) appellation, denomination, designation, appellative - (identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others)
Super-classes	Name^c
Sub-classes	Caption^c Nickname^c

Labelled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Labelled`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'labelled' in Wordnet: 1. labeled, labelled, tagged - (bearing or marked with a label or tag; 'properly labeled luggage')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Labelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Labelling`
Description	''Labelling'' is a broad category of Actions in which an Agent applies a physical ''Label'' (which can be a 'mark' on the surface) to some PhysicalObject so as to inform other Agents of the identity or of some properties of the object. The ''Label'' may be written or stamped on the object, or applied by ''Attaching'' a separate object (w.g. a ''Tag'') to the object to be described. This is braoder than the related CYC type 'LabellingAProduct'. The parent type 'attaching' is taken to include marking on a surface, though that is only one form of labeling. NOTE that the term ''Identifying'' is used in COSMO for the act of discovering the identity of something by oservation, not this type, the asserting of identity to others by some physical identifier.. CYC ('LabellingAProduct') A collection of events. In each #$LabellingAProduct, a label is attached to a product, typically in order to promote the sale of that product. The label may be fastened by any means of connection, including glue, staples, and sewing. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'label' in WordNet: 2. (3) tag, label, mark - (attach a tag or label to; 'label these bottles')
Super-classes	Attaching^c DescribingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	Tagging^c MarkingForIdentification^c

LabiaMajora^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LabiaMajora`
Description	CYC: The collection of all labia majora. An instance of #$LabiaMajora is one of a pair of folds of fatty tissue which extend from the front of the #$Vulva almost to the #$Anus and protect the inner genitals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'labia majora' in WordNet: 1. labia majora - (the two outer folds of the vulva)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart-Female^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalSexOrgan^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Vulva^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FemaleAnimal^c

LabiaMinora^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LabiaMinora`
Description	CYC: The collection of all labia minora. An instance of #$LabiaMinora is one of a pair of folds of fatty tissue located just inside the #$LabiaMajora that enclose the openings of the #$Urethra and #$Vagina. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'labia minora' in WordNet: 1. labia minora - (the two inner folds of the vulva)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart-Female^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalSexOrgan^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FemaleAnimal^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Vulva^c

Labor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Labor

Description

A type of 'work' that is performed for wages or some other valuable reward..

      Perhaps the verb 'labor' should be a subtype for 'hard work'??

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'labor' in WordNet:
        1. (21) labor, labour, toil - (productive work (especially physical work 
           done for wages); 'his labor did not require a great deal of skill')
       WN verb 'labor':
         1. (2) labor, labour, toil, fag, travail, grind, drudge, dig, moil -
            (work hard; "She was digging away at her math homework"; 
            "Lexicographers drudge all day long")

Super-classes PaidTask^c

LaborProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaborProcess`
Description	Each ''LaborProcess'' is the final stage of Pregnany and a subEvent of a ''BirthEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'labor' in WordNet: 3. parturiency, labor, labour, confinement, lying-in, travail, childbed - (concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of labor to the birth of a child; 'she was in labor for six hours')`
Super-classes	BirthEvent^c
Restrictions	typicallyFinishes^op value Pregnancy^c isPerformedBy^op some FemaleAnimal^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value Pregnancy^c isaSubEventOf^op value BirthEvent^c typicallyStarts^op value BirthEvent^c

LaborUnion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaborUnion`
Description	An Organization most of whose members are employed for pay. This applies to the individual locals as well as to the umbrella organization. `NOTE1 that a COSMO ''LaborUnion'' can be a 'local' or a larger Organization with multiple local branches. NOTE2: in COSMO a union member is called by the synonym ''Unionist'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'union' and sense 1 of 'labor union' in WordNet: 1. (27) union, labor union, trade union, trades union, brotherhood - (an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer; 'you have to join the union in order to get a job')`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Unionist^c

Laboratory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laboratory`
Description	SUMO: A Building, Room or suite of Rooms where scientific research, i.e. Experimenting, is conducted. `The term 'laboratory' is sometimes used to refer to a group of buildings, but in COSMO it is limited to at most one building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laboratory' in Wordnet: 1. (20) lab, laboratory, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory - (a workplace for the conduct of scientific research)`
Super-classes	HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value LaboratoryResearch^c

LaboratoryAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaboratoryAnimal`
Description	A ''LaboratoryAnimal'' is a ''CaptiveAnimal'' that is in captivity.in a ''Laboratory'' or is located at a breeder that breeds ''LaboratoryAnimal''s. `NOTE: the restriction 'inhabits' ''Laboratory'' is used loosely, as the ''LaboratoryAnimal''s still at a breeder are also considered as ''LaboratoryAnimal''s. Maybe should be more specific?`
Super-classes	CaptiveAnimal^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value LaboratoryResearch^c inhabits^op value Laboratory^c
Sub-classes	LabRat^c GuineaPig^c

LaboratoryResearch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaboratoryResearch`
Description	''LaboratoryResearch'' is ''ExperimentalResearch'' that is performed in a ''Laboratory''.
Super-classes	ExperimentalResearch^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Laboratory^c

LaboratoryRetort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaboratoryRetort`
Description	A ''LaboratoryRetort'' is an all-glass conatainer with a round container portion and a long almost horizontal arm that can be used for distillation or reactions that produce vapors that move through the arm and can be condensed. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'retort' in WordNet: 2. retort - (a vessel where substances are distilled or decomposed by heat)`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Chemist^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value LaboratoryResearch^c

Lace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lace`
Description	A ''Fabric'' characterized not by its composition but by its appearance and geometrical arrangement, having threads crossed in various patterns with multiple visible openings amongs the threads. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lace' in Wordnet: 2. lace - (a delicate decorative fabric woven in an open web of symmetrical patterns)`
Super-classes	FibrousSubstance^c Fabric^c SilkOrLace^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Thread^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Delicate^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value WebLike^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fancy^c

LaceratingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaceratingSomething`
Description	''LaceratingSomething'' is a ''ScratchingSomething'' that does not cause separation of an object into more than one piece, but creates a linear opening (a 'cut') in the surface, and that opening has rough rather thansmooth edges, as would be created by a sharp knife. This is most often used for lacerating skin, with an object other than a knife, such as a nail or barbed object. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lacerate' in WordNet: 1. (2) lacerate - (cut or tear irregularly)`
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Laceration^c hadObjectModified^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c

Laceration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laceration`
Description	A ''Laceration'' is a ''Cut'' (a ''Wound'') in the skin that is small, long,and narrow, and rough-edged, and produced by a 'LaceratingSomething'' Event. A ''Laceration'' differs from a 'scratch' in penetrating thrugh the skin to the tissue beneath the skin,making an ''Opening'' through the skin to the inside. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laceration' in WordNet: 1. laceration - (a torn ragged wound)`
Super-classes	Cut^c Opening^c DepressionOnObject^c LineOnaSurface^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value LaceratingSomething^c isLocatedAt^op value Skin^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Jagged^c

LachrymationInducingStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LachrymationInducingStuff`
Description	CYC: The collection of all samples of substances that can induce lachrymation (excessive tearing) in animals.
Super-classes	DangerousSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Onions^c

Lacing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lacing`
Description	A Cord that is an ArtifactObject used for holding together two or more objects (or two parts of the same object) by passing it through the objects (often through holes specifically designed for a fastener, as with shoes and shoelaces) and either tying the ends of the 'Lacing' together, or holding the ends to the fastened object by some other means. The protype is a shoelace. It may but does not necessarily form a loop when in use. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lacing' in Wordnet: 1. lace, lacing - (a cord that is drawn through eyelets or around hooks in order to draw together two edges (as of a shoe or garment))`
Super-classes	Fastener^c Cord^c
Sub-classes	Shoelace^c

Lack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lack`
Description	A 'Lack' is an Absence of something that may be needed for some purpose.. The use of this type implies the existence of some agent's purpose which is inhibited by the Absence of something needed or helpful to that purpose. The restriction requires that the think lacking must be specified, in order to use this type ('a lack of X') *NOTE: this is a complete* absence. For an insufficiency of something needed see ''Shortage'' and the quantitative measure of how much is missing ''Deficit''. See the related 'LackingSomething' (disjoint with 'HavingSomething') to represent the 'PersistentState' that exists in a case of 'Lack'. NOTE that as a subtype of 'Absence' the missing thing is also specified by 'hadMissingThing' relation, which here is redundant with 'isTheAbsenceOf' - @ToDo: make it a subproperty? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lack' in WordNet: 1. (42) lack, deficiency, want - (the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; 'there is a serious lack of insight into the problem'; 'water is the critical deficiency in desert regions'; 'for want of a nail the shoe was lost')
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c Absence^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Absent^c isTheAbsenceOf^op some (DesiredFutureSituation^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or EventType^c)

LackOfEmotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackOfEmotion`
Description	Each ''LackOfEmotion'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is an ''Emotion''.
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c agentLacks^op value EmotionalState^c

Lacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lacking`
Description	''Lacking'' is an attribute of things that do not have or contain something (whether desirable or not). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lacking' in WordNet: 1. (5) lacking, missing, nonexistent, wanting - (not existing; 'innovation has been sadly lacking'; 'character development is missing from the book') WN adj 'devoid': 1. devoid - (completely lacking)`
Super-classes	Nonexistent^c
Sub-classes	Low-Calorie^c Deficient^c FatFree^c SugarFree^c

LackingAnOccupant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackingAnOccupant`
Description	Each ''LackingAnOccupant'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is a ''Person'' in the Role of an Occupant (such as a ''Resident'' of a living quarter or an ''Employee'' for an ''EmploymentPosition'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacancy' in WordNet: 1. (3) vacancy - (being unoccupied)`
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Vacant^c isPerformedBy^op some (Residence^c or RentalProperty^c or EmploymentPosition^c or LocationType^c or Resident^c or Employee^c or PersonType^c) agentLacks^op some (Residence^c or RentalProperty^c or EmploymentPosition^c or LocationType^c or Resident^c or Employee^c or PersonType^c) agentHasAttribute^op value Vacant^c

LackingElectricalPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackingElectricalPower`
Description	Each ''LackingElectricalPower'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is a ''ElectricalPower''.
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Residence^c or RentalProperty^c or EmploymentPosition^c or LocationType^c) agentLacks^op value Electricity^c
Sub-classes	Blackout^c Brownout^c

LackingHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackingHair`
Description	Each ''LackingHair'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is hair in some location (whole body or part) where hair normally is present.
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value Hair^c agentHasAttribute^op value Hairless^c
Sub-classes	LackingHeadHair^c

LackingHeadHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackingHeadHair`
Description	Each ''LackingHeadHair'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is head hair.
Super-classes	LackingHair^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value HairOnHead^c agentHasAttribute^op value Bald^c

LackingProperDocuments^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackingProperDocuments`
Description	Each ''LackingProperDocuments'' state is a ''LackingSomething'' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is an ''OfficialDocument''.
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value OfficialDocument^c mayCause^op value NegativeConsequence^c agentHasAttribute^op value Undocumented^c

LackingSleeves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackingSleeves`
Description	Each ''LackingSleeves'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) that is a state of a ''Clothing-Top'' in which the thing lacked is a ''SleeveOfGarment'' `This is .needed to fill in the meaning of attribute ''Sleeveless''.`
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Clothing-Top^c agentHasAttribute^op value Sleeveless^c agentLacks^op value SleeveOfGarment^c

LackingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackingSomething`
Description	Each 'LackingSomething' is a PersistentState in which something - anything, animate or inanimate, physical or abstract - does not 'have' something else in some sense. This is very broad, and the Thing lacked may not be needed for any purpose. For a ''LackingSomething'' where the Thing laced is needed for a purpose, use the subtype ''Shortage''. This is very broad: the 'agent'of the 'agentLacks' relation can be any Object (animate or inanimate) or Place, and the object (thing lacked) can be anything. For a quantitative measure of a 'deficiency' see ''Deficit''. @ToDo: relate these??? THe relation 'lacks' can point to the thing absent. That relation has the entity which lacks something as the subject - how to relate that to this state? The meaning of 'LackingSomething' is that one does not 'have' that thing. Thus it is related to 'HavingSomething' by being contradictory to 'HavingSomething' for the thing that cannot be both had and lacked at the same time. Expressing this meaning will require an FOL axiom. See also 'Lack' (an Absence) for complete absence: Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'lack' in WordNet: WN 'lack' 1. (31) miss, lack - (be without; 'This soup lacks salt'; 'There is something missing in my jewellery box!') WN noun 'deficiency': 1. (6) lack, deficiency, want - (the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; 'there is a serious lack of insight into the problem'; 'water is the critical deficiency in desert regions'; 'for want of a nail the shoe was lost')
Super-classes	Event^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Insufficient^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Scarce^c agentLacks^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Asphyxiation^c LackingElectricalPower^c Nonattendance^c LackingAnOccupant^c ShortageOfFood^c LackingHair^c Poverty^c Lack^c LackOfEmotion^c LackingProperDocuments^c LackingSleeves^c Shortage^c Inability^c

LackingaFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LackingaFunction`
Description	The most generic type for AttributeValues that express the notion that something lacks a function. Some subtypes such as 'blind' apply only to functions that the object's type would normally have, but other subtypes can merely specify that an object lacks a function, even if such objects normally lack that function. Thus one might refer to 'blind' people, but 'sightless' worms. `See subtype ''Impaired''for the more common term.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Impaired^c UnableToFunction^c

Laconic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laconic

Description

''Laconic'' is an attribute of a Person who uses or tends to use the fewest number of words to express a thought, and is also the attribute of phrases, sentences or longer passages that are 'terse' - no longer than necessary.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'laconic' in Wordnet:
          1. crisp, curt, laconic, terse - (brief and to the point; 
            effectively cut short; 'a crisp retort';
            'a response so curt as to be almost rude'; 'the laconic reply; 'yes'';
            'short and terse and easy to understand')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LacrosseGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LacrosseGame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lacrosse' in WordNet: 1. lacrosse - (a game invented by American Indians; now played by two teams who use long-handled rackets to catch and carry and throw the ball toward the opponents' goal)`
Super-classes	FieldGame^c BallGame^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value LacrosseRacquet^c

LacrosseRacquet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LacrosseRacquet`
Description	A ''LacrosseRacquet'' is ''Racquet'' designed to be used in a''TennisGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crosse' in WordNet: 1. crosse - (a long racket with a triangular frame; used in playing lacrosse)`
Super-classes	Racquet^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value LacrosseGame^c

Lactose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lactose

Description

''Lactose'' is the ''Disaccharide'' found in the milk of mammals.

     People with 'lactose intolerance' have difficulty metabolizing this substance.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lactose' in WordNet:
            1. lactose, milk sugar - (a sugar comprising one glucose molecule 
              linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk; 
              'cow's milk contains about 4.7% lactose')

Super-classes Disaccharide^c

Lad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lad

Description

''Lad'' and various other terms are informal ways to refer to a male human (a ''Boy''), used mostly as terms of address.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lad' in WordNet:
         2. (1) cub, lad, laddie, sonny, sonny boy -
            (a male child (a familiar term of address to a boy))

Super-classes Boy^c

Ladder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ladder`
Description	SUMO: An Artifact which consists of two parallel supports connected by a series of rungs which can be used to ascend or descend. The minimum cardinality of the ''Rung''s is 2, so this type will include short step-stools. `NOTE that some ladders have 'rungs', which are round, and others have flat steps. Not clear how to specify this type of structure in the general case. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ladder' in WordNet: 1. (5) ladder - (steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Path-Physical^c LongAndThinThing^c NonPoweredDevice^c Path-Simple^c Tool^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op min 2

LadiesRoom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LadiesRoom

Description

Any PublicRestroom designated for use by women (and not men).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ladies' room' in WordNet:
          1. ladies' room, powder room - (a woman's restroom in a public (or semipublic) building)

Super-classes PublicRestroom^c

Ladle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ladle`
Description	A large spoon with a deep basin used to ladle out soup, punch, etc. The thing ladled does not necessarily have to be a liquid, but it will behave like a liquid in this case, as for a ladleful of peas. The restriction requires that some liquid be specified, as a ''Ladle'' must be able to convey a liquid, even if it is used for other purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ladle' in Wordnet: 1. ladle - (a spoon-shaped vessel with a long handle; used to transfer liquids)`
Super-classes	ServingSpoon^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ConveyingaLiquid^c
Sub-classes	Scoop^c Dipper^c

Lady^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lady`
Description	A 'Lady' is a Woman who is not considered as contemptible by the person using this concept in discussion.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lady' in WordNet: 1. (27)lady - (a polite name for any woman; 'a nice lady at the library helped me')`
Super-classes	Woman^c
Sub-classes	RefinedLady^c

LadyFriend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LadyFriend`
Description	'A ''LadyFriend'' is a ''Woman'' who is a''Lover'' of the same Person of whom she is the ''LadyFriend''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'girlfriend' in WordNet: 2. (1) girlfriend, girl, lady friend - (a girl or young woman with whom a man is romantically involved;'his girlfriend kicked him out')`
Super-classes	Woman^c Lover^c
Sub-classes	Fiancee^c

LadyNoble^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LadyNoble

Description

A 'LadyNoble' is a FemalePerson who has inherited or been granted the title of 'Lady',a title of nobility in some countries. An inherited title does not need to be held by an adult.

      Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'lady' in WordNet:
      3. Lady, noblewoman, peeress - (a woman of the peerage in Britain)

Super-classes MemberOfTheNobility^c
FemalePerson^c

Ladybug^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ladybug

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ladybug' in WordNet:
          1. ladybug, ladybeetle, lady beetle, ladybird, ladybird beetle - 
            (small round bright-colored and spotted beetle that usually 
            feeds on aphids and other insect pests)

Super-classes Beetle^c

Lagoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lagoon`
Description	This is a ''Lagoon'' surrounded by a Reef in an Ocean. This is not the 'pond' 'lagoon or lagune' described by RHW sense 2 (see parent ''Lagoon-Generic''). 'Also, not a 'lagune. any small, pondlike body of water, esp. one connected with a larger body of water'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lagoon' in WordNet: 1. (12) lagoon, laguna, lagune - (a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral)`
Super-classes	Lagoon-Generic^c
Restrictions	isSurroundedHorizontallyBy^op some Reef^c

Lagoon-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lagoon-Generic`
Description	For the 'lagoon' surrounded by an Atoll use subtype ''Lagoon'. `RHW: 1. an area of shallow water separated from the sea by low sandy dunes. Cf. laguna. 2. Also, lagune. any small, pondlike body of water, esp. one connected with a larger body of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lagoon' in WordNet: 1. (12) lagoon, laguna, lagune - (a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral)`
Super-classes	Lake^c
Restrictions	isNearTo^op some BodyOfWater-Large^c
Sub-classes	Lagoon^c

Laid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laid`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'laid' in Wordnet: 1. (1) laid, set - (set down according to a plan: 'a carefully laid table with places set for four people'; 'stones laid in a pattern')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Laid-back^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laid-back

Description

''Laid-back'' is a subattribute ''Relaxed'' someone who at some particular time has no sense of urgency and is therefore unhurried.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'laid-back' in Wordnet:
          1. laid-back, mellow - (unhurried and relaxed; 'a mellow conversation')

Super-classes Relaxed^c

Laity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laity`
Description	The ''Laity'' is a term for the ''GroupOfPeople'' each of which is a ''Layman'' (of any sex or age), i.e. not a member of the'clergy'. This is used mostly with repect to Christian belief ommunities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laity' in WordNet: 1. (3) laity, temporalty - (in Christianity, members of a religious community that do not have the priestly responsibilities of ordained clergy)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Layman^c

Lake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lake`
Description	A specialization of #$BodyOfWater. Each instance of #$Lake is a land-locked body of water, typically but not necessarily of fresh water. Two important specializations are #$FreshWaterLake (instances of which are fresh-water lakes) and #$InlandSea (instances of which are salt-water lakes). Instances include #$LakeMaracaibo, #$LakeWinnipeg, #$LakeTanganyika, #$LochNess-Lake, #$LakeErie, #$LakeTahoe, #$CaspianSea, and #$DeadSea. A Lake can be very large, but under a certain size a body of water is no longer referred to as a 'Lake', but as a 'pond. To be a ''Lake'' in this sense requires the BodyOfWater to be large and deep enough to have boats traversing it and possibly to sink in it. The restriction requires that a 'Lake' be at least 100 meters wide at its widest diameter. Something smaller (such as a 'pond') may be called by the locals as a 'Lake' but it will not logically be a 'Lake' in the COSMO classification. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lake' in WordNet: 1. (3) lake - (a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land)
Super-classes	BodyOfWater-Large^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10000.0^c
Sub-classes	SaltLake^c WaterReservoir^c Lagoon-Generic^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LakeMead

LakeBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LakeBed`
Description	A ''LakeBed'' is the thin layer of ground or artificial solid that underlies a ''Lake''. In COSMO a ''Lake'' or other BodyOfWater includes the ''LakeBed'' or StreamBed, so this is part of the ''Lake''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lake bed' in WordNet: 1. lake bed, lake bottom - (the bottom of a lake)`
Super-classes	WaterBodyBed^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Lake^c

LakeColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LakeColor`
Description
Super-classes	Reddish^c
Sub-classes	DarkRed-Color^c

Lamb^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lamb

Description

A young Sheep.

       SUMO: A young Sheep, i.e. a Sheep that is 'NonFullyFormed'

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamb' in WordNet:
          1. (5) lamb - (young sheep)

Super-classes Sheep^c
JuvenileAnimal^c

Lame^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lame

Description

The Attribute of an animal that has diminished ability to use the legs for locomotion.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lame' in Wordnet:
         2. crippled, halt, halting, lame, gimpy, game -
           (disabled in the feet or legs; 'a crippled soldier'; 'a game leg')

Super-classes Impaired^c

Lamentable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lamentable

Description

''Deplorable'' characterizes something so bad that perceiving causes deploring.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lamentable' in Wordnet:
           1. deplorable, distressing, lamentable, pitiful, sad, sorry - 
              (bad; unfortunate; "my finances were in a deplorable state"; "a lamentable decision"; 
              "her clothes were in sad shape"; "a sorry state of affairs")

Super-classes VeryBad^c

Lamentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lamentation`
Description	A ''Lamentation'' is a loud ''Cry'' expressing ''Sorrow' or ''Grief''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamentation' in WordNet: 1. (2) lament, lamentation, plaint, wail - (a cry of sorrow and grief; 'their pitiful laments could be heard throughout the ward')`
Super-classes	ExpressingEmotion^c Cry^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Grief^c

Lamenting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lamenting

Description

This ''Lamenting'' is a strong Feeling of ''Regret''

       Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lament' in WordNet:
         2. deplore, lament, bewail, bemoan - (regret strongly; 
            'I deplore this hostile action'; 'we lamented the loss of benefits')

Super-classes Regret^c
Sorrow^c

Laminating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laminating`
Description	COSMO note: the CYC action 'Laminating' has been redefined to a broader sense in which anything (not only paper or plastic) is covered by a sheet of anything (not just transparent palstic). This includes the CYC sense, but also includes adding layers on top of wood or metal (see the subtype 'PlatingMetal'). The thing covered does not itself have to be sheet-like; a layer can be added to a face of a perfect cube. `CYC:The collection of events in which a sheet of paper or plastic is fully covered in a skin-like enclosure of transparent plastic. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'laminate' in WordNet: 3. laminate - (cover with a thin sheet; 'laminate the table')`
Super-classes	CoveringSomething^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some SheetOfSomeStuff^c

Lamp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lamp`
Description	A device that provides visible light and consists of some components that hold the light source. The light source itself, e.g a light bulb or candle or other combustible object is not itself in this category (see ''Candle''). `Modern lamps are typically electrical, but lamps such as oil lamps using combustible materials are also included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamp' in Wordnet: 1. (12) lamp - (an artificial source of visible illumination)`
Super-classes	LightingDevice^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value VisibleLight^c hasComponentPart^op some SolidObject^c isaSourceOf^op value LampLight^c
Sub-classes	Streetlight^c

LampLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LampLight`
Description	The light that comes from a lamp. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamplight' in Wordnet: 1. (2) lamplight - (light from a lamp)`
Super-classes	VisibleLight^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value Lamp^c

LampShade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LampShade`
Description	CYC: The part of a lamp which filters the light of the bulb. `The restriction says that it hinders 'Light', and since 'Light' is an Event, this means that it hinders the passage of 'Light'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lampshade' in Wordnet: 1. lampshade, lamp shade - (a protective ornamental shade used to screen a light bulb from direct view)`
Super-classes	HumanOccupationConstructObject^c SheetlikeBarrier^c NonPoweredDevice^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value LightEmittingComponent^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Lamp^c hinders^op value LampLight^c

Lamppost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lamppost`
Description	An outdoor lamppost attached to a streetlight. `NOTE: this type is specified as 'adjacentto' a 'PathArtifact' not just a 'Roadway'' because it may illuminate a walkway in a park or a parking lot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamppost' in WordNet: 1. lamppost - (a metal post supporting an outdoor lamp (such as a streetlight))`
Super-classes	VerticalPost^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value PathArtifact^c

LandArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandArea`
Description	The physical material at the surface of a ''GeographicalRegion'', including structures, that is mostly solid and is not located on a BodyOfWater, although (1) it may contain some body of water that is less than half its total mass (e.g. a continent) and (2) may be located under a BodyOfWater, such as a river bed or ocean bottom. Being a LandArea specifies that an object is composed of land and is located near the surface of the Earth, but does not require that the land area be exposed to the atmosphere. For the latter, use 'DryLand' A 'LandArea' will have a measure of Area representing the planar figure contained within the borders, and parallel to the Earth's surface. This is the usual area measure of a piece of land. NOTE that a 'LandArea' can also be the ground under a body of water. LandArea is not disjoint with BodyOfWater. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'land' in WordNet: 3. (11) land, dry land, earth, ground, solid ground, terra firma (the solid part of the earth's surface; 'the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land'; 'the earth shook for several minutes'; 'he dropped the logs on the ground')
Super-classes	InanimateThing^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c SolidObject^c TopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value LandStuff^c hasPhysicalPart^op value DryLand^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	ArchaeologicalSite^c MilitarySector^c OilField^c RealEstate^c RecreationalArea^c Wasteland^c Forest^c OpenArea^c Ground^c OceanRidge^c GiftOfLand^c DryLand^c LandTopographicalFeature^c

LandBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandBody`
Description	CYC: A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of #$LandBody is a cohesive chunk of land surrounded by one or more bordering bodies of water. Types of #$LandBody include the specializations #$Island and #$TrueContinent. Instances include #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$Trinidad-Island, and #$Crete-Island-Greece. Areas of land defined by human occupation or political boundaries, for example, #$NorthernCalifornia or #$NorthernIreland, are instances of #$GeographicalRegion, but not of #$LandBody.
Super-classes	LargeObject^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Sub-classes	Isthmus^c Peninsula^c Island^c LandMass^c

LandLord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandLord`
Description	A ''LandLord'' is a ''LandOwner''who owns and leases some rented property (a ''RentalProperty''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landlord' in WordNet: 1. (3) landlord - (a landowner who leases to others)`
Super-classes	LandOwner^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RentingOutProperty^c owns^op some RentalProperty^c

LandMass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandMass`
Description	CYC: The collection large topographical features distinguished from the surrounding features by abrupt and clearly delineated boundaries, generally by being of of higher altitude. Examples include #$Continents, large #$Islands, and bulges rising above the 'datum' of planetary bodies are all elements of this collection. Instances include #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica on #$PlanetEarth, Ishtar Terra on #$PlanetVenus, Tempa Terra on #$PlanetMars, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landmass ' in Wordnet: 1. (2) landmass - (a large continuous extent of land)`
Super-classes	LandBody^c
Sub-classes	Continent^c

LandMine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandMine`
Description	A ''LandMine' is a ''Device'' that is hidden and designed to trap or harm CYC: 'LandMine': The collection of #$Mine-Weapons which are buried in the ground on land. The #$ExplosiveDevices inside detonate when something (a vehicle or an #$Animal of sufficient weight) passes over the ground the #$LandMine is buried in. Note that the collection #$Mine-Weapon is partitioned into used in water are #$LandMines and #$NavalMines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'land mine' in WordNet: 1. land mine, ground-emplaced mine, booby trap - (an explosive mine hidden underground; explodes when stepped on or driven over)
Super-classes	Mine-Weapon^c BoobyTrap^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dangerous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Injurious^c

LandOwner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandOwner`
Description	A ''LandOwner''is a ''LegalAgent'' could be a corporation) who owns some piece of 'RealEstate''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landowner' in WordNet: 1. (1) landowner, landholder, property owner - (a holder or proprietor of land)`
Super-classes	Owner^c
Restrictions	owns^op some RealEstate^c
Sub-classes	LandLord^c

LandRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandRegion`
Description	A ''LandRegion'' is a ''GeographicalRegion'' that consists of (''isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance'') ''LandStuff'' - any of the substance types that 'land' is made of.
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c
Restrictions	isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance^op value LandStuff^c
Sub-classes	LandZone^c Frontier^c

LandRidge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandRidge`
Description	A ''LandRidge'' is a ''LandTopographicalFeature'' that is shaped as a ''Ridge'' on the surface of the Earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ridge' in WordNet: 1. (6) ridge - (a long narrow natural elevation or striation)`
Super-classes	Ridge^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	Bluff^c

LandSite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandSite`
Description	A ''LandSite'' is a ''Tract'' of land (including any structures on it) where something is located or something happens or happened. This includes the 'site' of a business enterprise, the 'site' of an 'accident', the 'site' (or 'scene') of a crime, or the 'site' of where some manufacturing, mining, or other business enterprise is carried out ('on-site inspection'). The 'scene of an event' is represented by the subtype ''SceneOfEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'land site' in WordNet: 1. (1) site, land site - (the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located); 'a good site for the school')`
Super-classes	Tract^c
Sub-classes	OffSiteLocation^c TeeingGround^c Fairway^c GarbageDump^c PuttingGreen^c

LandStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandStuff`
Description	COSMO note: LandStuff (land) is considered as a substance in COSMO, not an object. NOTE that not all LandStuff is composed of Soil - sandy desert and rocky mountains are also composed of LandStuff, but have little Soil. This includes as subtypes substances that have been derived from LandStuff by a process that does not change the chemical composition other than by drying (e.g. by crushing into a fine gravel). Cyc: A specialization of #$NaturalTangibleStuff. Each instance of #$LandStuff is a portion of the stuff that the ground of a planet (at or near its land surface) is made of, including rocks, boulders, sand grains, soil, mud, lava, and mixtures of those things (such as islands or whole continents). Examples of #$LandStuff include #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$CapeCod, Zion Hill, and the lava pouring out of #$MountEtna-Volcano. Includes noun sense 2 of 'land' in WordNet, but includes rock and is not restricted to soils that can support plant growth; for soils, use 'Soil'. NOTE that WN sense 3 of 'soil' is included in 'LandStuff', which in COSMO includes rocky terrain in which plants cannot grow; therefore this sense is included under that this is also represented as 'Soil', because of the WN reference to plants growing (as a necessary property) for sense 2. NOTE Wordnet is more specifically aligned with the more specific 'Soil': in WordNet: 2. (18) land, ground, soil - (material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use); 'the land had never been plowed'; 'good agricultural soil')
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c SolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Turf^c Mud^c Sand^c Stone^c Chalk^c Soil^c

LandTopographicalFeature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandTopographicalFeature`
Description	CYC: A collection of geographical regions and a specialization of #$TopographicalFeature. Each instance of #$LandTopographicalFeature is a region of land distinguishable from surrounding regions by salient physical differences in surface texture, three-dimensional shape, or elevation. The collection includes features that are covered by snow or bodies of water. Specializations of #$LandTopographicalFeature include #$Mountain, #$Crater, and #$Continent. Instances include the #$ArabianPeninsula, #$MountZion, the #$SanAndreasFault, the #$GreatSmokyMountains, and the #$JavaTrench. `geological formation, formation`
Super-classes	LandTopographicalFeature-Generic^c LandArea^c
Sub-classes	Cave^c Shore^c Gap-Topographical^c Cleft-Coastal^c Highland^c Hillside^c IceCap^c Arroyo^c Glacier^c Peninsula^c ArableLand^c Crater^c LandRidge^c MajorTerrainFeature^c Terrace^c Isthmus^c Reef^c Bank-Topographical^c Slope-Topographical^c Spring-WaterSource^c Ravine^c RiverValley^c LandBody^c Crevice-Topographical^c Mountainside^c

LandTopographicalFeature-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandTopographicalFeature-Generic`
Description	Cyc
Super-classes	TopographicalFeature^c InanimateThing^c
Sub-classes	Landslide-Topographical^c LandTopographicalFeature^c

LandTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandTransportationDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$LandTransportationDevice is a device used for transportation across land. Specializations of #$LandTransportationDevice include the collections #$Automobile, #$Snowmobile, #$Truck, #$HorseCarriage, #$BabyCarriage, #$Bus-RoadVehicle, and #$SkateBoard.
Super-classes	TransportationDevice^c HexalateralObject^c
Sub-classes	WheeledTransportationDevice^c SnowSurfaceTransporter^c Litter-Stretcher^c SnowBoard^c LandTransportationVehicle^c DogSled^c Gurney^c TrackedVehicle^c

LandTransportationVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandTransportationVehicle`
Description	A specialization of #$LandTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$LandTransportationVehicle is a device which is both self-powered and controlled in some fashion by a user, and is used for transportation across land. Specializations of #$LandTransportationVehicle include the collections #$Automobile, #$Snowmobile, #$Truck, and #$Bus-RoadVehicle, but not collections of non-#$SelfPoweredDevices such as #$Bicycle or #$Skateboard.
Super-classes	TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c LandTransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Tractor^c Forklift^c ConstructionVehicle^c RoadVehicle^c OverSnowVehicle^c ArmoredVehicle^c RailroadCar^c

LandVehiclePathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandVehiclePathSystem`
Description	CYC: The collection of all road systems, systems of one or more #$PathForWheeledVehicles interconnected to allow a #$LandTransportationDevice (normally a #$RoadVehicle or a #$Train-TransportationDevice) to travel. The roads or tracks in a #$LandVehiclePathSystem may be publically or privately owned or maintained. Typically, though not always, raods in such a system are paved, and wide enough to allow passage of passenger automobiles under normal conditions. Note that #$PathForWheeledVehicles includes #$ParkingLots, #$AirplaneRunways, and #$Railways; these could in principal be parts of a #$LandVehiclePathSystem if they are accessible to other parts. In practice, most #$AirplaneRunways and all #$Railways are not accessible from nearby streets, so they would not be considered part of the same #$LandVehiclePathSystem.
Super-classes	PathArtifactSystem^c DurableGood^c TransportationPathSystem^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value LandTransportationVehicle^c

LandVehicleRoof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandVehicleRoof`
Description	The roof of a ''LandTransportationVehicle'',a RoadVehicle or a 'ar' on train..
Super-classes	Roof^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op some LandTransportationVehicle^c

LandZone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandZone

Description

A ''LandZone'' is any part of the land surface on Earth that can be disinguished from other nearby regions by some characteristics, usage,.ownership, or any other observable characterstics.

          Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'zone' in WordNet:
            3. zone - (an area or region distinguished from adjacent parts by
               a distinctive feature or characteristic)

Super-classes LandRegion^c

LandedEstate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandedEstate`
Description	A ''LandedEstate'' is a piece of RealEstate (the land and physical objects owned by some ''WealthyPerson'' in some area). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landed estate' in WordNet: 1. estate, land, landed estate, acres, demesne - (extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use; 'the family owned a large estate on Long Island')`
Super-classes	RealEstate^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some WealthyPerson^c
Sub-classes	Manor^c Plantation^c

Landfill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Landfill`
Description	This ''Landfill'' is the Lowland that has been filled to some undefined extent by ''Soil' which can have substantial rock content. This can be used for places filled to construct structures, or as in the subtype ''SanitaryLandfill'' just as a place to dump garbage. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landfill' in WordNet: 1. landfill - (a low area that has been filled in)`
Super-classes	Lowland^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Soil^c
Sub-classes	SanitaryLandfill^c

Landing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Landing`
Description	An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$ArrivingAtAPlace and #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent. Each instance of #$Landing is an event in which a (previously) #$Airborne object comes to rest on a flat, horizontal surface--often #$TheGround. Specializations include #$Landing-Aircraft and #$Perching. NOTE: SUMO requires Landing to be the termination of a ''FlyingAction'' event, but in COSMO a Landing can be the termination of a ''FlyingAction'', Gliding, Propelling, or Impelling event; a cannonball can be said to land at its impact point. A controlled landing as of an airplane or bird would be a specialization of this Type. SUMO: Any instance of Translocation which ends up on something other than an AtmosphericRegion and which has an instance of ''FlyingAction'' as a subProcess. Includes intransitive and transitive verb senses 1 and 2 of 'land' and noun sense 3 of 'landing' in Wordnet: 1. (16) land, set down - (reach or come to rest; 'The bird landed on the highest branch'; 'The plane landed in Istanbul') 2. (4) land, put down, bring down - (cause to come to the ground; 'the pilot managed to land the airplane safely') WN noun 'landing': 3. landing - (the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); 'the plane made a smooth landing'; 'his landing on his feet was catlike')
Super-classes	Translocation^c ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Restrictions	isaTemporalPartOfEvent^op some MovementThroughAir^c
Sub-classes	Perching^c

Landmark^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Landmark

Description

Some tangible thing which is usually a topographic feature or a large construction artifact which is well-known in an area, often of interest to travelers. Exactly what is a landmark is culture dependent, so assertions that X is a landmark should be in an mt which admits to its bias, like the western bias of the #$WorldGeographyMt.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landmark' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) landmark - (the position of a prominent or well-known object
           in a particular landscape; 'the church steeple provided a convenient landmark')

Super-classes GeographicalThing^c
Place^c
SolidObject^c
SalientThing^c
HumanScaleObject^c

Landscape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Landscape`
Description	A ''Landscape'' is a ''Scenery'' (a subtype of ''View''), that can encompass a rlatively small area (the landscaping of a private home) or a larger expanse,as for a mansion. `Rgua is bnarrower than the broad sense of 'landscape' in sense 1 of WordNet - restricted to the v1ew of a 'ResidentialLandscaping''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landscape' in WordNet: 1. (13) landscape - (an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view)`
Super-classes	Scenery^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op some ResidentialLandscaping^c

LandscapeGardening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LandscapeGardening`
Description	''LandscapeGardening'' is a type of ''Gardening'' involving the creation and/or maintenance of some ''Landscaping''. This is typically performed by a ''Landscaper''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landscape gardening' in WordNet: 1. landscaping, landscape gardening - (working as a landscape gardener)`
Super-classes	Gardening^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value Landscaping^c isPerformedBy^op value Landscaper^c

Landscaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Landscaper`
Description	A person who does landscaping. NOTE: the CYC entry seems to be for anyone who does 'landscaping'- no mention of an 'architect'. Here we use the WN sense, interpreted as as someone who `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landscaper' in WordNet: 1. landscape architect, landscape gardener, landscaper, landscapist - (someone who arranges features of the landscape or garden attractively)`
Super-classes	Gardener^c TradeWorker^c Architect^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Landscaping^c performsAction^op value LandscapeGardening^c

Landscaping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Landscaping`
Description	This is the esthetically pleasing ''Garden'' larger than a 100 square foot plot. `For the activity use ''LandscapGardening''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'landscaping' in WordNet: 2. landscaping - (a garden laid out for esthetic effect; 'they spent a great deal of money on the landscaping')`
Super-classes	Garden^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Landscaper^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value EstheticallyPleasing^c

Landslide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Landslide`
Description	A specialization of #$NaturalHazard. This is the collection of landslides. A landslide occurs when soil becomes saturated with water and slides downhill. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'landslide' in WordNet: 2. (1) landslide, landslip - (a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff)`
Super-classes	RockOrSnowSlide^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dangerous^c isPerformedBy^op value Hillside^c hadObjectMoved^op value Soil^c produces^op value Landslide-Topographical^c

Landslide-Topographical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Landslide-Topographical`
Description	A ''Landslide-Topographical'' is a pile of soil that was deposited by a ''Landslide''. `CYC: A collection of topographical features. Each element of #$Landslide-Topographical-Generic is a topographical region, usually next to a ridge or mountain, characterized by a large deposit of planetary stuff formed by the caving in or falling down of said planetary stuff. #$Landslide-Topographical-Generic is a semi-permanent feature, unlike #$Landslide.`
Super-classes	Slope-Topographical^c LandTopographicalFeature-Generic^c Ground^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Landslide^c

Lane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lane`
Description	A narrow Roadway,usually short and usually in an urban or suburban area, having buildings near the road, but it can be in an open or rural area. `This is the physical object that is the street, not a region of space. It would extend down to the underlying soil, and include all materials added (such as crushed gravel) to prepare the roadbed. A modern street is typically paved, but that is not a necessary attribute of a 'Lane'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lane' in WordNet: 1. (4) lane - (a narrow way or road)`
Super-classes	Roadway^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Narrow^c

LaneOfRoadway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaneOfRoadway`
Description	The approximately one car-width wide part of a roadway designated for a car to stay in. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 (not for swimmers) of 'lane' in WordNet: 2. (1) lane - (a well-defined track or path; for e.g. swimmers or lines of traffic)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c PathForWheeledVehicles^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Highway^c

Language^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Language`
Description	Every 'Language' includes both a Grammar and a 'Vocabulary'. The 'Vocabulary' is the set of Terms that carry meaning for the users of the Language. This type includes human languages (subtype 'HumanLanguage') and non-human 'Languages' such as those that are used for communication among animals, but only if those languages actually have a Grammar - which may be speculative for animal languages. Therefore animal 'languages' for which no 'Grammar' has been demonstrated cannot be confidently included in this type. Human languages, whether natural or constructed, (including computer languages) are included. in SUMO: See 'Language_SUMO_Physical_Not_Abstract_' and 'LinguisticExpression_SUMO' (not used) Language[Cyc?abstract;_in_SUMO?physical;_DOLCE-see_description]# Formally in COSMO a Language is a Group including the Grammar and the Vocabulary. Language(Cyc) Note: Language is abstract CyC but Physical in in SUMO OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of systems which use conventionalized signs or symbols. This includes dead languages, computer languages, unspoken languages, codes - anything which relates symbols to meaning. The restrictions are only reminders that each Language has a Vocabulary and Grammar. We allow individual language to be instantiated without requiring that the actual Grammar or Vocabulary be specified. It can be specified, if desired. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'language' in WordNet: 1. (486) language, linguistic communication - (a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols; 'he taught foreign languages'; 'the language introduced is standard throughout the text'; 'the speed with which a program can be executed depends on the language in which it is written')
Super-classes	Context^c CommunicationConvention[Cyc]^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Vocabulary^c hasComponentElement^op value Grammar^c enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	HumanLanguage^c

LanguageType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LanguageType`
Description	''LanguageType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Language'
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	SignLanguageType^c
Members	Soliloquy CommunicatingInSignLanguage Dialect Jargon Terminology NonStandardSpeech Technobabble SpokenCommunicating Monologue Vocabulary

Language_DOLCE^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Language_DOLCE`
Description	Language_DOLCE-D_S_differs_from_Cyc_and_SUMO See Language elsewhere.
Super-classes	Description^c

Language_SUMO_physical_not_abstract__^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Language_SUMO_physical_not_abstract__

Description

A system of signs for expressing thought. The system can be either natural or artificial, i.e. something that emerges gradually as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created by a person or group of people.

    In SUMO:  Language[SUMO?physical_not_abstract]

Super-classes LinguisticExpression_SUMO^c

Languishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Languishing`
Description	''Languishing'' is a prolonged ''Longing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'languish' in WordNet: 2. ache, yearn, yen, pine, languish - (have a desire for something or someone who is not present; 'She ached for a cigarette'; 'I am pining for my lover') WN noun 'pining': 1. pining - (a feeling of deep longing)`
Super-classes	Longing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prolonged^c

Lantern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lantern`
Description	The set of lighting devices which consist of a transparent or translucent case enclosing a light and protecting it from wind, rain, etc.; often used outdoors on patios or for camping trips. `NOTe that in CYC this is a ''FuelPoweredDevice''. IF it is battery powered, it might qualify as a ''Flashlight''?? but not directional. Hmmm . . . . Need parent for battery powered ones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lantern' in WordNet: 1. (4) lantern - (light in a transparent protective case)`
Super-classes	LightingDevice^c PortableObject^c SmallObject^c FuelPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value VisibleLight^c

LanternSlide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LanternSlide`
Description	A 'LanternSlide'' is sheet-like Object consisting of a planar frame with a ''Transparency'' held in it, thus making it a subtype of ''ContainerAndContents'' as well as a ''Picture''. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'slide' in WordNet: 6. slide, lantern slide - (a transparency mounted in a frame; viewed with a slide projector)`
Super-classes	PlanarObject^c SmallObject^c Picture^c SmallRigidSheet^c ContainerAndContents^c VisualAid^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Projector^c hasContents^op value Transparency^c hasContainer^op value RectangularPictureFrame^c

Lanthanum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lanthanum

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of lanthanum; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Lanthanum or LanthanumStuff.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lanthanum' in WordNet:
          1. lanthanum, La, atomic number 57 - 
              (a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; 
              occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth)

Super-classes RareEarthElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

Lap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lap`
Description	Includes both thighs and is only present when a person is seated. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lap' in WordNet: 1. (11) lap - (the upper side of the thighs of a seated person; 'he picked up the little girl and plopped her down in his lap')`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op some SeatedPerson^c

Lapel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lapel`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lapel' in WordNet: 1. (1) lapel - (lap at the front of a coat; continuation of the coat collar)
Super-classes	Overlap^c FrontPart^c FabricObject^c
Restrictions	touchesDirectly^op value ClothingItem^c isInFrontOf^op value Coat^c isAtTheEndOf^op value CollarOfGarment^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Coat^c

LappingUp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LappingUp

Description

The act of ingesting something (usually food) licking. This is usually performed by animals, most saiently by pet animals.

      Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'lap' in WordNet:
         4. lap, lap up, lick - (take up with the tongue;
         'The cat lapped up the milk'; 'the cub licked the milk from its mother's breast')

Super-classes Ingesting^c
Licking^c

Lapse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lapse

Description

This ''Lapse'' is a TimeInterval. The corresponding ''Pause'' (a ''PersistentState'') is not directly related to this, but is implied by the co-occurrence of a ''Pause'' with the parent type ''Intermission''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lapse' in WordNet:
           2. (1) lapse - (a break or intermission in the occurrence of something;
              'a lapse of three weeks between letters')

Super-classes MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Intermission^c

Lapsing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lapsing`
Description	A ''Lapsing'' is a ''StoppingEvent''in which some ongoing PersistentState ends. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lapse' in Wordnet: 2. (1) lapse - (end, at least for a long time; "The correspondence lapsed")`
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some PersistentState^c

LapsingIntoaState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LapsingIntoaState`
Description	This 'lapse' is for the Event in an interval of time during which an Object passes from one State to another. The term 'lapse' usually suggests a change from a more active to a less active state, but that is not a necesssary condition. 'he lapsed into a coma' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lapse' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sink, pass, lapse - (pass into a specified state or condition; 'He sank into Nirvana')`
Super-classes	Transition^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some EventType^c precedes^op some EventType^c

LaptopComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaptopComputer`
Description	A Computer small enough to hold in a laptop, and having a battery as a backup power source. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laptop computer' in WordNet: 1. laptop, laptop computer - (a portable computer small enough to use in your lap)`
Super-classes	BatteryPoweredDevice^c PersonalComputer^c SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	iPad^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsDellLaptop

Lard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lard`
Description	Lard is an edible fat. RHW: 1. the rendered fat of hogs, esp. the internal fat of the abdomen. `NOTE: Hog and Pig are synonyms in this version of COSMO. Can they be differentiated precisely? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lard' in WordNet: 1. lard - (soft white semisolid fat obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of the hog)`
Super-classes	SemiSolidSubstance^c Mixture^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c EdibleFat^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spreadable^c isDerivedFrom^op value Pig^c

Large^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Large`
Description	Large is an attribute that specifies that something is Large relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. `In WordNet, synonymous with 'big' in the dominent sense: in WordNet: 1. (152) large, big - (above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent; 'a large city'; 'set out for the big city'; 'a large sum'; 'a big (or large) barn'; 'a large family'; 'big businesses'; 'a big expenditure'; 'a large number of newspapers'; 'a big group of scientists'; 'large areas of the world')`
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c Substantial^c
Sub-classes	Largest^c Roomy^c VeryLarge^c Capacious^c Larger^c Great^c Large-scale^c SecondLargest^c Bulky^c Considerable^c Sizable^c LargeEnough^c Grand^c

Large-scale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Large-scale

Description

''Large-scale'' is the attribute of an Action that is performed by more than a few people and requires multiple resources and significant money and effort.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'large-scale' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) large-scale - (unusually large in scope; 
         'a large-scale attack on AIDS is needed')
       WN  heavy' (part of sense  3, for the scope of operations)
         3. (5) heavy - (of the military or industry; using (or being) the heaviest 
            and most powerful armaments or weapons or equipment; 'heavy artillery'; 
            'heavy infantry'; 'a heavy cruiser'; 'heavy guns'; 
            'heavy industry involves large-scale production of basic products (such as steel)
            used by other industries')

Super-classes Large^c

LargeAmountOfMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeAmountOfMoney`
Description	A ''LargeAmountOfMoney'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) that is more than an average worker could earn in several years of work. Very vague - here labeled as more than a million dollars.
Super-classes	QuantityOfMoney^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoreThanaMillionDollars^c
Sub-classes	MoreThanaBillionDollars^c

LargeBell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeBell`
Description	A ''LargeBell'' is a ''Bell'' that is ''Large'' (for a Bell), and produces a low-pitched ''Bong'' sound.
Super-classes	Bell^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value Bonging^c emits^op value Bong^c

LargeEnough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeEnough`
Description	''LargeEnough'' is nominally a subtype of ''Large'' but this is only to be interpreted as 'large' in the sense that it could be smaller. `This is used with ''HavingRoomForSomething'' but might apply to other situations.`
Super-classes	Large^c
Sub-classes	Full-size^c LargeEnoughToSee^c

LargeEnoughToSee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeEnoughToSee

Description

''LargeEnoughToSee'' is ''LargeEnough'' to be visible to the naked eye.

         Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'macroscopic' and sense 2 
            of 'gross' in WordNet:
           1. macroscopic, macroscopical - (large enough to be visible to the naked eye)
         WN adj 'gross':
           2. (2) megascopic, gross -
             (visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features))

Super-classes LargeEnough^c

LargeGroupOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeGroupOfPeople`
Description	A ''LargeGroupOfPeople''is a ''GroupOfPeople'' having at least twenty (20) people in it. This number can be changed to fit any purpose, creating a new type for each group size relevant to some application.
Super-classes	GroupOfFourOrMorePeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Person^c
Sub-classes	MassAudience^c CrowdOfPeople^c NativeAmericans^c Readership^c

LargeHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeHead`
Description	A ''LargeHead'' is a ''Head'' on an Animal that is larger than the typical ''Head'' for animals of that biological family or genus.
Super-classes	Head^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

LargeIndefiniteQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeIndefiniteQuantity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'large indefinite quantity' in WordNet: 1. large indefinite quantity, large indefinite amount - (an indefinite quantity that is above the average in size or magnitude)`
Super-classes	IndefiniteQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	Multitude^c

LargeIntestine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeIntestine

Description

Large intestine.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'large intestine' in WordNet:
         1. (1) large intestine - (beginning with the cecum  and ending 
            with the rectum; includes the cecum and the colon and the rectum; 
            extracts moisture from food residues which are later excreted as feces)

Super-classes Intestine^c
AnatomicalVessel^c

LargeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeObject`
Description	A MacroscopicObject that is much larger than a Person, i.e. it should be bigger than a large house. there is no upper limit on the size. This is used for geological features
Super-classes	MacroscopicObject^c NonPortableObject^c ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c
Sub-classes	LandBody^c GeographicalObject^c BodyOfWater-Large^c BodyOfIce^c Highland^c Iceberg^c Planet-Generic^c Slope-Topographical^c IceMass^c AstronomicalObject^c

LargeQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeQuantity`
Description	A ''LargeQuantity'' is a ''Quantity'' that is greater than typical for some objects or stuff in some context. One common subtype is ''Bulk'' as in 'buy in bulk', 'buy in quantity' for wholesale or other purchases of large amounts of stuff `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bulk' in WordNet: 2. (1) bulk, mass, volume - (the property of something that is great in magnitude; 'it is cheaper to buy it in bulk'; 'he received a mass of correspondence'; 'the volume of exports')`
Super-classes	Quantity^c
Sub-classes	Deluge^c

LargeWindow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargeWindow`
Description	A ''LargeWindow'' is a ''Window'' in a residence that is larger than the average (greater than 15 square feet).
Super-classes	Window^c PartOfaResidence^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Largeness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Largeness`
Description	The state of being 'Large'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'largeness' in WordNet: 3. largeness, bigness - (the property of having a relatively great size)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	BeingLarger^c

Larger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Larger`
Description	Something ''Larger'' is ''Large'' specifically in comparison to something else that is ''Smaller'' or the same Object at an earlier time. Used to describe Organisms that have increased in size over time. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'larger' in Wordnet: 1. (56) bigger, larger - (large or big relative to something else)`
Super-classes	Large^c
Sub-classes	Oversized^c Magnified^c King-size^c ExtraLargeSize^c Expanded^c

LargerThanLife^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargerThanLife

Description

''largerThanLife'' is a substtribute of ''Imposing'' for Artifacts or Actions that are grand in scale.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'larger than life' in Wordnet:
         1. epic, heroic, larger-than-life - (very imposing or impressive;
            surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale); 'an epic voyage'; 
            'of heroic proportions'; 'heroic sculpture')

Super-classes Impressive^c

Largest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Largest`
Description	'Largest' is an attribute of something that is the largest (in size or quantity) among some specific group of things.
Super-classes	Large^c

LargestCity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargestCity`
Description	The largest City in some Region: this can refer to area or population. Usually the population is the intended criterion. See subtype ''LargestCityByPopulation''. `e.g. largest city in he USA: By population, New York, NY, which in 2015 had an estimated population of 8,550,405. By area, Sitka, AK, which has a total area of 4,811.4 square miles, 2,870.3 of which are land.`
Super-classes	City^c LargestThingInaContext^c
Sub-classes	LargestCityByArea^c LargestCityByPopulation^c

LargestCityByArea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargestCityByArea

Description

The largest City in some Region: this can refer to area or population.

       e.g. largest city in the USA:
         By area, Sitka, AK, which has a total area of 4,811.4 square miles, 2,870.3 of which are land.

Super-classes LargestCity^c

LargestCityByPopulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargestCityByPopulation`
Description	The largest City in some Region: this can refer to area or population. `e.g. largest city in he USA: By population, New York, NY, which in 2015 had an estimated population of 8,550,405.`
Super-classes	LargestCity^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BelgradeSerbia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoscowRussia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlasgowScotland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityNY_USA

LargestThingInaContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LargestThingInaContext`
Description	A ''LargestThingInaContext'' is an entity of a type that in some sense is the 'largest'. The type of thing it is is specified when creating an instance by asserting the 'type' for that instance. `See ''UnitedStatesOfAmerica'' for a example of usage - the subtype ''LargestCityByPopulation''`
Super-classes	Role^c UniqueThingInaContext^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Largest^c
Sub-classes	LargestCity^c Condor^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoscowRussia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlasgowScotland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityNY_USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BelgradeSerbia

Larid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Larid`
Description	e.g. Gulls and terns. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'larid' in WordNet: 1. larid - (long-winged web-footed aquatic bird of the gull family)`
Super-classes	CoastalDivingBird^c
Sub-classes	Tern^c Seagull^c

Lark^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lark

Description

A ''Lark'' is any of several ''Songbird''s.

    RHW: 1, any of numerous, chiefly Old World oscine birds, of the family Alaudidae,
    characterized by an unusually long, straight hind claw, esp. the skylark, Alauda arvensis.
    2. any of various similar birds of other families, as the meadowlark and titlark.

    Includes the first three senses of 'lark' in WordNet:
      1. meadowlark, lark - (North American songbirds having a yellow breast)
      2. pipit, titlark, lark - (a songbird that lives mainly on the ground
         in open   country; has streaky brown plumage)
      3. lark - (any of numerous predominantly Old World birds
          noted for their singing)

Super-classes Songbird^c

Larva^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Larva`
Description	An invertebrate in the 'LarvalStage' of life. For the wormlike insect larva, use 'InsectLarva'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'larva' in WordNet: 1. (6) larva - - (the immature free-living form of most invertebrates and amphibians and fish which at hatching from the egg is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose)`
Super-classes	Invertebrate^c
Sub-classes	Chigger^c Tadpole^c InsectLarva^c Grub^c

Larval^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Larval

Description

The Attribute of a Larva, a life stage of an insect resembling a worm.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'larval' in Wordnet:
      2. larval - (relating to or typical of a larva; 'the larval eye')

Super-classes BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute^c

LarvalStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LarvalStage`
Description	'LarvalStage' is the LifeStage of an Insect when it looks like a worm and has not yet pupated into an adult..
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Larva^c

Laryngologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laryngologist`
Description	`laryngologist`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Larynx^c

Larynx^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Larynx`
Description	CYC: The collection of all Larynxes, which contains the #$VocalCords in #$Persons, most other #$Mammals, and some other air-breathing #$Vertebrates. A #$Larynx connects the windpipe (#$Trachea) to the #$Pharynx. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'larynx' in WordNet: 1. larynx, voice box - (a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech)`
Super-classes	AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThroatAndTrachea^c isConnectedToDirectly^op value Throat^c

LasagnaServing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LasagnaServing`
Description	One 'dish' (serving) of Lasagna - a PhysicalObject. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lasagna' in WordNet: 1. lasagna, lasagne - (baked dish of layers of lasagna pasta with sauce and cheese and meat or vegetables)`
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c DishOfFood^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Cheese^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Pasta^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value TomatoBasedSauce^c

Laser^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laser

Description

A device that emits a beam of coherent visible or infrared light. This includes diode lasers as well as those using opposing mirrors.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laser' in WordNet:
         1. laser, optical maser - (an acronym for light amplification by stimulated
            emission of radiation; an optical device that produces an intense 
            monochromatic beam of coherent light)

Super-classes LightEmittingObject^c
ElectricalLightingDevice^c

Lasso^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lasso`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lasso' in WordNet: 2. lasso, lariat, riata, reata - (a long noosed rope used to catch animals)`
Super-classes	PieceOfRope^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Noose^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Lassoing^c

Lassoing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lassoing`
Description	''Lassoing'' is a ''CapturingAnAnimal'' action that includes a ''Throwing'' of a ''Lasso'' and then ''HoldingAnObject' where the object is the thing Lassoed. The Object is typically a NonHumanAnimal, though in some cases (e.g. Western movies) a Person may be lassoed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lasso' in WordNet: 1. lasso, rope - (catch with a lasso; 'rope cows')`
Super-classes	HoldingAnObject^c CapturingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Throwing^c requiredInstrument^op value Lasso^c

Last^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Last`
Description	Specifies the last item in a list or in some ranking of priority. The terms ''FirstOfaSeries'', ''Intermediate'' and ''Last'' are used to refer to places in a series that do not have ordinal numbers (except for ''FirstOfaSeries'' being essentially identical to ''First'' but logically distinct and used with different relations). In SUMO 'last' is treated as a function to obtain the last element of a list, and linguistically it is sometimes used that way, but this type is a more general sense, even when a list is not specified it can have meaning. SUMO 'LastFn' (LastFn ?LIST) returns the last item in the List ?LIST. For example, (LastFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would return the value of Wednesday. (iff (and (instance ?LIST List) (equal (LastFn ?LIST) ?ITEM)) (exists (?NUMBER) (and (equal (ListLengthFn ?LIST) ?NUMBER) (equal (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER) ?ITEM)))) Corresponds to adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'last' in WordNet: 2. (365) last - (coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining; 'the last time I saw Paris'; 'the last day of the month'; 'had the last word'; 'waited until the last minute'; 'he raised his voice in a last supreme call'; 'the last game of the season'; 'down to his last nickel') 3. (279) concluding, final, last, terminal - (occurring at or forming an end or termination; 'his concluding words came as a surprise'; 'the final chapter'; 'the last days of the dinosaurs'; 'terminal leave') WN adj 'ultimate': 2. (5) ultimate - (being the last or concluding element of a series; 'the ultimate sonata of that opus'; 'a distinction between the verb and noun senses of 'conflict' is that in the verb the stress is on the ultimate (or last) syllable')
Super-classes	FunctionalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Final^c

Last-minute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Last-minute`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'last-minute' in Wordnet: 1. (1) last-minute - (just before a deadline; at the last minute; 'last-minute arrangements')`
Super-classes	Honorable^c Conforming^c

LastWillAndTestament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LastWillAndTestament`
Description	A ''LastWillAndTestament'' is a Document that specifies the intent of the 'testator' who died and left the ''EstateOfaPerson''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'will' in WordNet: 3. (6) will, testament - (a legal document declaring a person's wishes regarding the disposal of their property when they die)`
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op some RightOfInheritance^c hasTopic^op value RightOfInheritance^c hasMainTopic^op some EstateOfaPerson^c

LastingForSomeTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LastingForSomeTime`
Description	''LastingForSomeTime'' is the parent for QualitativeAttributeValues for Events or States, specifying some ''TimeDuration'' during which that Event continues. Common examples are ''Monthlong'' and ''Yearlong'', but any named ''TimeDuration'' can be used to create a similar Attribute describing lasting for that TimeDuration. `The seemingly similar ''LongLasting'' is not an example of this usage, as that term characterizes an Event that lasts longer than the average event of that type, in a relative sense. these terms are more specific.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Seven-Year^c YearLong^c FourYear^c Year-Round^c Two-Week^c One-Year^c LifeLong^c Six-month^c Steady^c ThreeYear^c FiveYear^c One-Week^c Sustained^c SixYear^c TwoYear^c LongLasting^c Three-month^c

Lastly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lastly`
Description	''Lastly'' is an AdverbialModifier used to introduce a phrase that is the last (final) of a series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lastly' in WordNet: 1. (1) last, lastly, in conclusion, finally - (the item at the end; 'last, I'll discuss family values')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

LatLong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LatLong`
Description	Any measure intended to specify Geographic coordinates (on the Earth) as a Latitude and Longitude measure, whether specifically including possible error estimates or not. As this category is conceptual, the actual format representing the measure is not restricted. A 'LatLong' measure does not include the altitude. For points including latitude, longitude, and altitude, use 'GeographicalPoint'. `NOTE that LatLong is a type of LocationMeasure, but as a subtype of GenericLocation, an instance of LatLong can also be used as a Location in specifying locations. Care must be exercised, as a 'LatLong', if interpreted as a point, may have multiple values for the same extended object.`
Super-classes	LocationMeasure^c
In range of	hasGeocoordinateCentroid^op

Latch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Latch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'latch' in WordNet: 2. latch - (catch for fastening a door or gate; a bar that can be lowered or slid into a groove)`
Super-classes	CatchFastener^c

Latching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Latching`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'latch' in WordNet: 1. (2) latch - (fasten with a latch; 'latch the door')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Attaching^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Fastener^c

Late-Night^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Late-Night`
Description	''Late-Night''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Late-Night'' TimeOfDay, and particularly to the programs that are aired on Television at that time. 'late-night comedy show'; 'late-night talk show'
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

LateNight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LateNight`
Description	''LateNight'' is the class of TimeIntervals that begin at 10:00 PM and end at 1 AM the next morning. This is a 'time slot' that is rlevant to the number and type of television viewers watching programs in that time slot - important to advertisers.
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EveningAndOneAM^c

Latent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Latent

Description

''Latent'' is an attribute characterizing something that exists in a form that is not directly perceptible but can become perceptible after some interval of time or some process of development; this is the attribute of something that can 'materialize' under the proper conditions, such as the 'latent image' in an undevevloped photograph or the 'latent fingerprint' on a surface, that can become visible by proper application of some material.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'latent' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) latent - (potentially existing but not presently evident or realized; 
             'a latent fingerprint'; 'latent talent')

Super-classes ExistenceValue^c

Lateral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lateral

Description

This sense of ''Lateral'' is more general than the WN synset gloss suggests, rather pertaining to the ''Side'' of any bilateral Object. The Medical usage could be a subattribute.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lateral' in Wordnet:
          2. lateral - (lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body; 'lateral lemniscus')

Super-classes BodyLocationAttribute^c

LatestFashioned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LatestFashioned

Description

Something ''LatestFashioned'' is an attribute of things such as clothing that have different 'styles' varying for time to time.

       NOTE" the term 'cutting-edge' is broken out as characterizing new
          technology, in Devices or Procedures.  See ''Cutting-edge'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'with-it' in Wordnet:
         1. up-to-date, cutting-edge, with-it - (in accord with the most fashionable
            ideas or style; 'wears only the latest style'; 'the last thing in swimwear'; 
            'cutting-edge technology'; 'a with-it boutique')

Super-classes Up-to-date^c
NewFangled^c

Latex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Latex`
Description	''Latex'' is a semisolid substance secreted as a gooey liquid by certain plants. RHUDEL 'latex' noun 1. a milky liquid in certain plants,as milkweeds,euphorbias,poppies,or the plants yielding India Rubber, that coagulates on exposure to air. Wikipedia: Latex as found in nature is a milky fluid found in 10% of all flowering plants (angiosperms).[2] It is a complex emulsion consisting of proteins, alkaloids, starches, sugars, oils, tannins, resins, and gums that coagulate on exposure to air. It is usually exuded after tissue injury. In most plants, latex is white, but some have yellow, orange, or scarlet latex. Since the 17th century, latex has been used as a term for the fluid substance in plants, deriving from the Latin word for "liquid".[3][4][5] It serves mainly as defense against herbivorous insects.[2] Latex is not to be confused with plant sap; it is a distinct substance, separately produced, and with separate functions. The word latex is also used to refer to natural latex rubber, particularly non-vulcanized rubber. Such is the case in products like latex gloves, latex condoms and latex clothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'latex' in WordNet: 1. latex - (a milky exudate from certain plants that coagulates on exposure to air)
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c OrganicSubstance^c Exudate^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value NaturalRubber^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Milky^c

Latin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Latin

Description

''Latin'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to 'Latin America' or people whose language is derived mostly from Latin..

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Latin' in WordNet:
        3. Latin - (relating to people or countries speaking Romance languages; 'Latin America')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Latitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Latitude`
Description	A measure intended to specify the Latitudinal coordinate of an object or point on some celestial body (not only the Earth). This measure will be expressed as degrees (from 0 to 90), minutes, and seconds, and the seconds may have fractional values. North Latitude is a positive value, south is negative. This is intended to be used with the relation 'hasLatitude', and that relation should be conceptually identical to the 'lat' property used in the w3c SWIG 'Basic Geo' vocabulary (http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/); however the 'Basic Geo' relation takes a literal as value. NOTE: if other formats are needed, this type may need supplementation or change. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'latitude' in Wordnet: 1. (2) latitude - (the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself)
Super-classes	AngularDegree^c LocationMeasure^c
In range of	hasLatitude^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#North90 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#North23

LatitudinalZone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LatitudinalZone`
Description	A ''LatitudinalZone'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' categorized by the upper and lower latitudes that form the limits of its extent. Examples: 'tropical zone', 'temperate zone', 'arctic zone'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'zone' in WordNet: 2. zone, geographical zone - (any of the regions of the surface of the Earth loosely divided according to latitude or longitude)`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c
Sub-classes	PolarZone^c TemperateZone^c

Latter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Latter

Description

The FunctionalAttribute ''Latter'', refers to the second thing (of two) that was mentioned in some sentence or paragraph, used in the next part of that sentence or paragraph. This contrasts with ''FirstOfTwo'', referring to the first of those two things mentioned. In language the term used to refer to the ''FirstofTwo'' is 'former'. But that term is also used elsewhere for a different concept. (''Former'').

      Includes noun sense 1 and adjective sense 1 of 'latter' in WordNet:
         1. latter - (the second of two or the second mentioned of two;
         'Tom and Dick were both heroes but only the latter is remembered today')
       WN adjective 'latter':
         1. (52) latter - (referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned 
         (or the last one or ones of several); 'in the latter case')

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

Laudatory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laudatory

Description

''Laudatory'' is an AttributeValue of any LinguisticCommunication that makes and is intended to make comments expressing strong approval of some Agent's actions.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'laudatory' in Wordnet:
            1. laudatory, praiseful, praising - (full of or giving praise; "a laudatory remark")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Laughing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laughing`
Description	Laughing process. `SUMO: Expressing happiness or amusement by Vocalizing in a certain way. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'laugh' in WordNet: 1. (65) laugh, express joy, express mirth - (produce laughter)`
Super-classes	MakingFacialExpression^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c Vocalizing^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Laughter^c
Sub-classes	ConvulsiveLaughing^c Snickering^c Giggling^c Guffawing^c

Laughter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laughter`
Description	The sound produced when a Person laughs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laughter' in WordNet: 1. (15) laugh, laughter - (the sound of laughing)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Laughing^c
Sub-classes	Cackle-Laugh^c Chuckle^c Guffaw^c HaHa^c HoHo^c Giggle^c

Launching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Launching`
Description	''Launching'' is the subclass of Impelling where the patient is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of ''PropellingDevice'' that only uses mechanical force to propel, as contrasted with Shooting, using chemicals to generate high pressures is a cylinder. This is done by e.g. catapults or spear launchers. `The senses of 'Launching' such as launching a boat or launching a rocket are not covered here. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'launch' in WordNet: 2. (6) launch - (propel with force; 'launch the space shuttle'; 'Launch a ship')`
Super-classes	Impelling^c CastingSomething^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value PropellingDevice^c
Sub-classes	LaunchingaRocketOrTorpedo^c

LaunchingaBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaunchingaBoat`
Description	Putting a boat into the water where it can float, whether by just letting it slide in as on a maiden launch, or puting it in after conveying over land as on a boat carrier towed by a vehicle. `Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'launch' in WordNet: 2. (6) launch - (propel with force; 'launch the space shuttle'; 'Launch a ship) 3. (4) launch - (launch for the first time; launch on a maiden voyage; 'launch a ship)`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some (BodyOfWater^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or LiquidObjectType^c or Boat^c or TransportationDeviceType^c) hasObjectMoved^op some (BodyOfWater^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or LiquidObjectType^c or Boat^c or TransportationDeviceType^c)

LaunchingaRocketOrTorpedo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaunchingaRocketOrTorpedo`
Description	'LaunchingaRocketOrTorpedo' may have two phases - for torpedos and some rockets, they may be pushed mechanically for some distance before they become sef-propelled; but some rockets are 'launched' only by switching on the propulsive rocket engine at a launch site, or dropping from an airplane followed by switching on the rocket engine. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'launch' in WordNet: 2. (6) launch - (propel with force; 'launch the space shuttle'; 'Launch a ship)`
Super-classes	Launching^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op some (RocketPropelledTransportationDevice^c or Torpedo^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Laundromat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laundromat`
Description	A localized (one site) service organization that allows customers to rent the use of washing machines and clothes dryers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laundromat' in WordNet: 1. launderette, Laundromat - (a self-service laundry (service mark Laundromat) where coin-operated washing machines are available to individual customers)`
Super-classes	ServiceEstablishment^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value WashingLaundry^c

Laundry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laundry`
Description	A Group of pieces of cloth (''PieceOfCloth''s) that are sufficiently soiled that they should be washed. For ultrafastidious people, any possibility of being soiled may make a ''PieceOfCloth'' a candidate to be included in the ''Laundry'' pile. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laundry' in Wordnet: 1. (1) laundry, wash, washing, washables - (garments or white goods that can be cleaned by laundering)`
Super-classes	Group^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only SoiledClothObject^c wasGatheredForPurpose^op value WashingLaundry^c

LaundryBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaundryBag`
Description	A ''Bag'' intended to hold 'Laundry'' to be washed.
Super-classes	Bag^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Laundry^c

LaundryBasket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaundryBasket`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laundry basket' in Wordnet: 1. clothes hamper, laundry basket, clothes basket, voider - (a hamper that holds dirty clothes to be washed or wet clothes to be dried)`
Super-classes	Hamper^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Laundry^c

LaundryMan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaundryMan

Description

A ''Person'' who washes 'Laundry'' for other people.

     RHW: 1.a person who works in or operates a laundry.
          2, a person who collects and delivers laundry.

    Includes WordNet sense of 'laundryman' and also an older sense
      of someone who collects as well as washes laundry.
    in WordNet:
      1. washerman, laundryman - (operates industrial washing machine)

Super-classes Role^c
Person^c

LaundryRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaundryRoom`
Description	A room where clothing is cleaned. Usually contains a washing machine and a dryer.
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value WashingMachine^c isDesignedToContain^op value Dryer^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value WashingLaundry^c

LaurelOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaurelOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	CinnamonTree^c

LaurelTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaurelTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laurel' in WordNet: 1. laurel - (any of various aromatic trees of the laurel family)`
Super-classes	FloweringTree^c
Sub-classes	CamphorTree^c

Lava^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lava`
Description	''Lava'' is the molten ''Stone'' in a ''LavaTube'' attached to a ''Volcano'' afer it issues from the Volcano and is on the surface of the Earth; this means that it is in contact with the ''EarthsAtmosphere'', and has experienced an ''Eruption''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lava' in WordNet: 1. lava - (rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface)`
Super-classes	Magma^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value Volcano^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c

LavaTube^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LavaTube`
Description	A ''LavaTube'' is a ''PathThroughSolid'' containing ''Lava'' and attached to a ''Volcano''.
Super-classes	PathThroughSolid^c GenericContainer^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value Magma^c hasThingPassedThrough^op value Ground^c

LavenderPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LavenderPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lavender' in WordNet: 1. lavender - (any of various Old World aromatic shrubs or subshrubs with usually mauve or blue flowers; widely cultivated)`
Super-classes	Bush^c

Law^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Law`
Description	COSMO note: a Law in COSMO is a subtype of Rule, created by a legislative Authority. In a monarchy, a single person can create a Law; in democracies it is done by a legislature. This is for Laws created by some government authority. For a 'Law of Nature' see 'LawOfNature' and 'QuantitativeTendency'. Cyc: A #$Law is a miniature #$GovernmentCOC that expresses a legal requirement or restriction. For instance, one #$Law might say, effectively, that bigamy is illegal. A #$Law is declared to be part of a #$LegalCode by using #$genlMt. Note that one #$Law can be part of more than one #$LegalCode. Also note that the direction of the relationship is not what you might initially think: The #$LegalCode will have many baseMts, which are the Laws of which it consists. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'law': skos-definition: 'Law is a term which does not have a universally accepted definition, but one definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. Laws are made by governments, specifically by their legislatures. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution (written or unwritten) and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics and society in countless ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people.' skos-editorialNote: 'Any law or body of law, which may have force in some context, including national laws, company bylaws and the like.' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'law' and sense 1 of 'legislation' in WordNet, but in COSMO this is not a document, it is a Rule. For the Text representing a Law, use 'LawText' in Wordnet: 1. (339) law - (legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity; 'there is a law against kidnapping') WN noun 'legislation': 1. (10) legislation, statute law - (law enacted by a legislative body)
Super-classes	RuleForBehavior^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op value LawText^c createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op only (Right^c or Obligation^c or EventType^c) isCreatedByAgentType^op value LegislativeAuthority^c isaComponentElementOf^op some LegalSystem^c appliesInJurisdiction^op some Jurisdiction^c isaComponentElementOf^op some LegalSystem^c
Sub-classes	EconomicLaw^c BanOnAbortion^c SegregationLaw^c Legislation^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TexasLawAgainstMurder http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomeLaw

LawAsAnOccupation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawAsAnOccupation`
Description	The FunctionalProcess that is consists of multiple instances of 'practicing law', when performed as an Occupation. Lawyers are typically licensed, so those who practice law usually do it as an occupation, though many with law degrees do other things, such as in business or in legislative activity. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'law' in WordNet: 5. (35) law, practice of law - (the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system; 'he studied law at Yale')`
Super-classes	Profession^c
Restrictions	isTheProfessionOfField^op value LawAsAnOccupation^c

LawEnforcementActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawEnforcementActivity`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events performed with the purpose of enforcing laws, that are performed by people officially charged with this this duty. Includes most activities of law enforcement officials (such as police) including detection of crime, identification of offenders, and arrests. `'Fighting crime' is performed by a ''Crime-fighter''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'law enforcement' in WordNet: 1. (4) law enforcement - (insuring obedience to the laws)`
Super-classes	EnforcingRules^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value LawEnforcementAgent^c
Sub-classes	Arresting^c CriminalInvestigationEvent^c

LawEnforcementAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawEnforcementAgent`
Description	Any GovernmentEmployee working in the departments that operate the Police forces - local or national. `RHW 'crime-fighter': any person, as a law-enforcement officer or government official, who works to prevent crime or to enforce criminal laws. CYC: The collection of all instances of #$LegalAgent for whom #$LawEnforcementActivity is a #$focalActivityType. Notable specs include #$LawEnforcementOfficer and #$PoliceOrganization.`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c LegalAgent^c GovernmentEmployee^c SocialBeing^c ProfessionalPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value LawEnforcementActivity^c
Sub-classes	FederalOfficial^c LawEnforcementOfficer^c

LawEnforcementOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawEnforcementOfficer`
Description	An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$LawEnforcementOfficer is a person whose job is to detect, stop, and/or punish people engaged in illegal activities. The collection #$LawEnforcementOfficer includes members of local, state, and special police (e.g., transit police) forces, as well as federal agents (e.g., members of border patrols, national security agents). Consequently, a given instance of #$LawEnforcementOfficer typically also belongs to one of the following collections: #$StateEmployee, #$LocalGovernmentEmployee, or #$NationalGovernmentEmployee (see #$PublicSectorEmployee). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawman' in WordNet: 1. (2) lawman, law officer, peace officer - (an officer of the law)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c GovernmentEmployee^c LawEnforcementAgent^c
Sub-classes	Sheriff^c Gendarme^c Warden^c StateTrooper^c LocalLawEnforcementOfficer^c MilitaryPoliceman^c

LawEnforcementOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawEnforcementOrganization`
Description	A specialization of both #$Organization and #$LegalAgent. Each instance of #$LawEnforcementOrganization is an official organization whose purpose is to support or perform law enforcement. Instances of #$LawEnforcementOrganization include organizations which are legally empowered to enforce laws (see the specialization #$PoliceOrganization), as well as information agencies (such as #$INTERPOL) whose purpose is to assist and coordinate police activities.
Super-classes	GovernmentalOrganization^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value LawEnforcementActivity^c
Sub-classes	PoliceOrganization^c

LawLicense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawLicense`
Description	Every 'LawLicense"' is a license to practise 'LawAsAnOccupation'
Super-classes	LicenseToPractice^c
Restrictions	licensesThePractiseOf^op value LawAsAnOccupation^c

LawOfNature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawOfNature`
Description	Any physical (including chemical and biological) 'law' that specifies how things behave when constrained by the laws of physics (which in turn determine the laws of chemistry and biology). Mystical, supernatural or magical phenomena referenced in discourses may not obey these laws. For detailed descriptions of Laws of nature, use 'QuantitativeTendency'. NOTE that his is not a subtype of 'Law', which is a term used in COSMO only for laws created by governmental authorities. A quantitative rule (Equation(s)) that expresses a LawOfNature may be related to that LawOfNature by the relation 'isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'law of nature' in WordNet: 1. (3) law, law of nature - (a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature; 'the laws of thermodynamics')
Super-classes	Rule^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotherNature^c
Sub-classes	ConservationLaw^c
In domain of	isManifestedInTendency^op

LawSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawSchool`
Description	Schools which prepare their students to become lawyers, and grant DoctorOfJurisprudence degrees. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'law school' in WordNet: 1. (1) law school, school of law - (a graduate school offering study leading to a law degree)`
Super-classes	SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting^c GraduateSchool^c
Restrictions	teaches^op value Jurisprudence^c

LawSuit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawSuit

Description

A Lawsuit is a LegalAction in which one Agent enters a suit in a governmental court against another LegalAgent, to obtain some remedy for a grievance. Each instance of Lawsuit includes and all subsequent actions in the same case, up to final disposition.

    This includes priate lawsuits as well as proceedings of a district
    attorney.

    CYC: The collection of legal conflicts in which an
        agent or group of agents pursues a court case against
        another agent or group of agents.  A law suit may be
        settled, dropped, dismissed, or go to trial.


      Includes noun sense 1 of 'suit' and non sense 1 of 'litigation' and
         verb sense 1 of 'sue' and noun sense 1 of 'legal action' in WordNet:
         1. (390) lawsuit, suit, case, cause, causa -
           (a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law
           whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; 
           'the family brought suit against the landlord')
       WN noun 'litigation':
         1. (1) litigation, judicial proceeding - (a legal proceeding 
            in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights)
       WN verb 'sue':
         1. (8) action, sue, litigate, process - (institute legal proceedings against;
             file a suit against; 'He was warned that the district attorney would process him';
             'She actioned the company for discrimination')

Super-classes CourtCase^c

LawText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawText`
Description	Each 'LawText' is the AbstractText representing a 'Law'. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'law' in WordNet: 1. (339) law - (legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity; 'there is a law against kidnapping')`
Super-classes	CommandPhrase^c TextualPCW^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some Law^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TexasLawAgainstMurderText http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomeLawText

LawTitle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawTitle`
Description	Each 'LawTitle' is a separate section of some LawText (representing abstractly a section of the Law). Corresponds to sense 9e of 'title' in RHW: 9e. a division of a statute, lawbook, etc., esp. one larger than an article or section. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'title' in WordNet, but this COSMO type is the text of the section, not its 'SectionTitle'; no WordNet sense seems to cover this exactly: in WordNet: 1. (26) title, statute title, rubric - (a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with; 'Title 8 provided federal help for schools')
Super-classes	TextualPCW^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some LawText^c

Lawfulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lawfulness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawfulness' in WordNet: 1. lawfulness - (the quality of conforming to law)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Legal^c
Sub-classes	Legality^c

Lawmaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lawmaker`
Description	A ''Lawmaker'' is any member of a legislative body at any level of government. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawmaker' in WordNet: 1. lawgiver, lawmaker - (a maker of laws; someone who gives a code of laws)`
Super-classes	Leader^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value BecomingElected^c
Sub-classes	Legislator^c

Lawn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lawn`
Description	A grassy piece of land in a human-occupied areas, etc. Lawns are usually maintained by mowing, etc. They are often but not always around buildings. `COSMO note: this is the physical material that occupies the region defined by the lawn, it is not a region itself. SUMO: A Field of cultivated and mowed Grass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawn' in Wordnet: 1. (14) lawn - (a field of cultivated and mowed grass)`
Super-classes	Field^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c Yard-BuildingGrounds^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Turf^c
Sub-classes	Fairway^c

LawnMower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LawnMower`
Description	A ''LawnMower'' is a ''HandTool'' that is designed to cut grass. It is used in ''GrowingPlants'' even though it only cuts them,because maintaining the proper size of plants is a part of growing them.. `This includes powered and hand-pushed mowers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawn mower' in WordNet: 1. lawn mower, mower - (garden tool for mowing grass on lawns)`
Super-classes	GardeningTool^c CuttingDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Mowing^c

Lawrencium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lawrencium

Description

CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of $Lawrencium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawrencium' in WordNet:
          1. lawrencium, Lr, atomic number 103 - (a radioactive 
             transuranic element synthesized from californium)

Super-classes ArtificialSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
RadioactiveSubstance^c

Lawyer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lawyer`
Description	COSMO note: SUMO represents professionals by representing the Profession itself. In COSMO a 'Lawyer' is a Person who is licensed to practice the profession of 'LawAsAnOccupation'. `SUMO: The Profession of practicing law, whether as a judge or as a legal advocate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawyer' and noun sense 1 of 'attorney' in WordNet: 1. (15) lawyer, attorney - (a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice)`
Super-classes	LegalProfessional^c Graduate^c Licensed-Professional^c
Restrictions	possesses^op value LawLicense^c
Sub-classes	Prosecutor^c Judge^c AttorneyGeneral^c Advocate^c Solicitor^c

Laxative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laxative

Description

CYC: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Instances are such that, if consumed, will relieve constipation.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laxative' in WordNet:
          1. laxative - (a mild cathartic)

Super-classes DrugSubstance^c

Layer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Layer`
Description	A specialization of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Each instance of #$Layer is a sheet-like object situated adjacent, surface-to-surface, to at least one surface or layer or region on one side, and possibly to other layers or surfaces on both sides. An instance of #$Layer may be part of a larger object, or it may be an independent whole object, such as a hide confined in a stack of hides. An instance of #$Layer is not an instance of #$FreeSheet. `@ToDo add restriction touches surface or sheet. stratum Incljudes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'layer' in Wordnet: 1. (9) layer, bed - (single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance; 'slices of hard-boiled egg on a bed of spinach') 2. (1) layer - (a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Sub-classes	MulchLayer^c Tier^c MineralVein^c Coating^c IceCap^c RoughSurface^c Stratum^c BodySurface^c Glacier^c BodyCovering^c WallCoping^c

Layered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Layered`
Description	`No adj. sense for 'overlaid' in WN. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'layered' in WordNet: 1. layered, superimposed - (with one layer on top of another; 'superimposed rocks')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Solid^c
Sub-classes	Folded^c

LayeredObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LayeredObject`
Description	In Cyc called 'layered'. `Cyc: The physical structural attribute of being layered, laminate, or made of #$Layers, like stratified rock or an onion. An object that is #$Layered has two or more parts that are each #$Layers. COSMO uses this as an Object type at this point (v0.36), but some corresponding attribute should be defined. This is a PhysicalObject. @ToDo: It may be possible to have abstract 'LayeredObject's, such as mathematical objects, or a mental object (e.g. plans with layers of complexity). Not yet (rev1125)`
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Layered^c
Sub-classes	ShallotBulb^c Hem^c ThreeLayeredObject^c Leek^c Onion-Bulb^c

LayeringAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LayeringAnObject`
Description	''LayeringAnObject'' is a ''FormingAnArtifact'' in which a ''LayeredObject'' is created by some process, whether by stacking layers on each other or by folding a ''FoldableObject'', or by any other procedure such as depositing layers of some material on a solid object from a solution or from a vapor. `NOTE that natural materials may become ''Layered'' by growth from within, such as an onion orthe rings of a tree, but that is a different process from this one. Corresponds appoximately to verb sense 1 of 'layer' (this is for forming multiple layers or putting layers on top of each other) in WordNet: 1. (3) layer - (make or form a layer; 'layer the different colored sands')`
Super-classes	FashioningSomething^c FormingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	produces^op value LayeredObject^c produces^op value Layer^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Layered^c
Sub-classes	Superimposing^c

Layers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Layers`
Description	''Layers'' is a ''Group'' of Objects (physical or abstract) having at least two ''Layer''s spatially arranged so that they form a 'stack' of layers at least two thick. They can be flat, or; curved in any shape, like an onion, including closed shapes like a sphere.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Layer^c

LayingAnEgg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LayingAnEgg`
Description	An event in which some animal deposits an egg outside its own body. Producing ova internally is not a subtype of this Type. This is done by female animals of many genera: birds, fish, insects. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'lay' in WordNet: 4. (4) lay - (lay eggs; 'This hen doesn't lay')`
Super-classes	EmittingAnObject^c AnimalActivity^c BiologicalProductionEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Egg^c
Sub-classes	Spawning^c

LayingSomethingHorizontally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LayingSomethingHorizontally

Description

A specialization of 'PuttingSomethingDown' in which an Agent guides a PhysicalObject object onto a surface where it rests with its long dimension near to a horizontal orientation.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lay' in WordNet:
        2. (11) lay, put down, repose - (put in a horizontal position;
        'lay the books on the table'; 'lay the patient carefully onto the bed')

Super-classes PuttingSomethingDown^c

Layman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Layman

Description

Each ''Layman'' is a ''CommonMan'' (of any sex or age) who is not functioning as a ''Cleric'', or a member of some relgious order.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'layman' in WordNet:
        1. (2) layman, layperson, secular - (someone who is not a clergyman
           or a professional person)

Super-classes CommonMan^c
HumanRole^c

Layout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Layout`
Description	A '''Layout'' is the ''Design' (an abstract object) that contains specifications, drawings, or descriptions of the spatial arrangement of parts of something (GroupOfObjects, device, document) where the arrangement affects the functioning, utility, or esthetics of the thing designed (e.g. floral arrangement a set of tools, or a page of a doocument). The ''Layout'' is abstract whereas the ''Arrangement'' represented is a Physical thing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'layout' in WordNet: 1. (1) layout - (a plan or design of something that is laid out)`
Super-classes	Design^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some DesigningAnArrangement^c isaRepresentationOf^op some Arrangement^c

Laziness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Laziness

Description

A Feeling that an Animal has when s/he does not want to exert effort. NOTE that WordNet considers this a trait, but for COSMO this term is used for the feeling of not wanting to exert effort, which can be quite temporary.

      ToDo: Represent habitual laziness?

      Corresponds partly to noun sense 1 of 'laziness' in WordNet, but
        in WordNet this is of a different type:
     in WordNet:
       1. indolence, laziness - (inactivity resulting from a dislike of work)

Super-classes Feeling^c

Lazy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lazy

Description

The attribute of someone feeling Laziness.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lazy' in WordNet:
    2. (2) faineant, indolent, lazy, otiose, slothful, work-shy -
       (disinclined to work or exertion; 'faineant kings under whose
         rule the country languished'; 'an indolent hanger-on'; 
         'too lazy to wash the dishes'; 'shiftless idle youth';
         'slothful employees'; 'the unemployed are not necessarily work-shy')

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

LeachingOutStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeachingOutStuff`
Description	''LeachingOutStuff'' is a type of ''RemovingPhysically'' inwhich some quantity of some ''PhysicalSubstance'' is removed from a porous obect by passing a liquid through, which can dissolve or otherwise suspend the material to be removed in the liquid and remove it. The material removed may be desirable (as a mineral from an ore) or undesireable (as a contaminant from something more useful without the contaminant). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'leach' in Wordnet: 3. leach, strip - (remove substances from by a percolating liquid; 'leach the soil')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value PorousObject^c hadThingTransferred^op some SubstanceType^c mayProduce^op value LiquidSolution^c mayProduce^op value LiquidSuspension^c

Lead^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lead

Description

The metallic element of atomic number 82, having a high density.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lead' in WordNet:
       1. (11) lead, Pb, atomic number 82 - (a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic 
         element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey;
         'the children were playing with lead soldiers')

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

LeadInaCompetition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeadInaCompetition

Description

Each 'LeadInaCompetition' is an 'Advantage' (a Difference) in which the first entity of the OrderedPair is judged by some criterion or agent to be 'leading' or 'ahead', i.e. having the advantage at that time. This is usually significant only for specific times during the competition, as who wins is usually the issue of most concern at the end of the competitin. But the 'LeadInaCompetition' may still be of interest at the end of the competition, as when one record the winning margin in a horse race ('two lengths', 'a nose') or the score difference in a scored game ('won by twenty points - a blowout').

   This type, as a Difference, allows on to specify precisely how much
   of a 'lead' a competitor has.

   One who has a 'LeadInaCompetition' has the attributeValue 'AheadInaCompetition'.

Includes noun senses 3 and 7  of 'lead' in WordNet:
  2. (7) lead - (an advantage held by a competitor in a race; 
    'he took the lead at the last turn')
  7. lead - ((sports) the score by which a team or individual is winning)

Super-classes Advantage^c

LeadPencil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeadPencil`
Description	A ''Pencil'' that has an enclosed thin rod of graphite, which substance is rubbed off the pencil and makes the marks on a surface when witing. `From RHW sense 1: a slender tube of wood, metal, plastic, etc., containing a core or strip of graphite, a solid coloring material, or the like, used for writing or drawing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lead pencil' in WordNet: 1. (1) lead pencil - (pencil that has graphite as the marking substance)`
Super-classes	Pencil^c PointyEndedObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c containsSubstance^op value Graphite^c

LeadToaSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeadToaSolution`
Description	''LeadToaSolution'' is one or more piees of ''Evidence'' that suggests a solution to some question. Very broad, but narrower than just ''Evidence''in that it points to additional inquiries that can give definitive evidence. Commonly used in Police investigations. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'track' in WordNet: 3. (3) lead, track, trail - (evidence pointing to a possible solution; "the police are following a promising lead"; "the trail led straight to the perpetrator")`
Super-classes	Evidence^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Suggestive^c isEvidenceFor^op value SolutionToaProblem^c

Leaden^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leaden

Description

The attribute of someone or of a bodyPart of a person experiencing physical or mental Weariness as though a great 'weight' has been imposed.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leaden' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) leaden, weighted - (made heavy or weighted down with weariness;
             'his leaden arms'; 'weighted eyelids')

Super-classes Tired^c

Leader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leader`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$Leader is a person who heads an instance of #$Organization, or in unusual cases, leads a group that is informally constituted. Typically, a leader of an organization makes major decisions on behalf of the whole organization, has the authority to direct the organization's personnel to carry out those decisions, and is empowered to engage or negotiate with external agents to achieve the organization's goals. This collection includes leaders of sub-organizations of larger organizations, such as department heads within larger organizations. Note that a single person may be a leader in more than one organization. See also the predicates #$hasLeaders and #$seniorExecutives, and the collection #$Manager. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leader' in Wordnet: 1. (23) leader - (a person who rules or guides or inspires others)`
Super-classes	InfluentialPerson^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op some (Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Person^c or Follower^c or Action^c or AgentType^c or ActionType^c or CollectiveAgent^c)
Sub-classes	MovieDirector^c ChairPerson^c Pioneer^c Commander^c SchoolHead^c Imam^c Executive^c Overlord^c OfficerInOrganization^c TribalChief^c HeadOfState^c Lawmaker^c StateGovernor^c MilitaryLeader^c Ubermensch^c Commissioner^c HeadOfGovernment^c Pope^c ReligiousLeader^c
In domain of	isTheLeaderOf^op

Leadership^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leadership

Description

The ''Leadership'' is A ''SocialGroup'' who perform the actions of ''Leading'' some Organization or GroupOfPeople.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'leadership' in WordNet:
            2. (6) leadership, leaders - (the body of people who lead a group; 
               'the national leadership adopted his plan')

Super-classes SocialGroup^c

Leading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leading`
Description	Leading is a type of Communicating in which a Person succeeds in persuading (perhaps by virtue of his/her authority) another person(s) to perform some actions. The prototypical Leading action is a persuasion by virtue of convincing argument, or by virtue of some admirable personality trait. Leading is more specific than just persuading someone to act, since there must be actions performed by more than one person in a group in order to qualify someone's action as 'Leading' 'Leading' is what a Leader does. None of the WordNet sense of verb 'lead' fits closely with this sense, which is for the general sense of inluencing a group of people to do something. Some of the WordNet senses are more specific subtype of this COSMO sense, but sense 5 is used for things that are not people, as well as for people (in a hypernym). WordNet sense of verb 'lead' in WordNet: 15. moderate, chair, lead - (preside over; 'John moderated the discussion') 7. (13) head, lead - (be in charge of; 'Who is heading this project?') 5. lead - (cause to undertake a certain action; 'Her greed led her to forge the checks') WN noun 'leadership': 1. (9) leadership, leading - (the activity of leading; 'his leadership inspired the team')
Super-classes	PersuadingToAct^c ControllingSomething^c OrganizationalProcess^c
Sub-classes	LeadingaState^c SpearheadingAnActivity^c

LeadingAnEmpire^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeadingAnEmpire

Description

A 'LeadingAnEmpire' is the Profession of a person who who is the supreme commander of some 'Empire' controlled by some government. The ruling power may be constitutional, hereditary, acquired by military fiat, or other mechanism.

     See ''Emperor-HeadOfState''

Super-classes LeadingaState^c

LeadingaState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeadingaState`
Description	A 'LeadingaState' is the Profession of a person who who is the supreme commander of some country or less formal area that is at least nominally controlled by some government. The ruling power may be constitutional, hereditary, acquired by military fiat, or other mechanism.
Super-classes	Profession^c Leading^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (HeadOfState^c or HeadOfGovernment^c)
Sub-classes	LeadingAnEmpire^c

Leaf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leaf`
Description	Cyc: The main photosynthetic organ of most green plants, consisting of a lateral outgrowth from a stem and comprising lamina, petiole, and leaf base. `SUMO: An Organ of Plants whose main purpose is photosynthesis. NOTE: WN synset includes singular and collective senses. This is for the singular 'one leaf'; the collective sense is represented as ''Foliage''. Corresponds to part (singular leaf) noun sense 1 of 'leaf' in WordNet: 1. (20) leaf, leafage, foliage - (the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Sub-classes	BladeOfGrass^c FloralLeaf^c TeaLeaf^c Cotyledon^c

Leafy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leafy

Description

A quality of objects,usually plants, that many leaves: for plants, the leaves are on the plant; but this may describe places or objects on which many leaves have fallen.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leafy' in WordNet:
         1. leafy - (having or covered with leaves; 'leafy trees'; 'leafy vegetables')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Leak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leak`
Description	`NOTE: in COSMO a ''Hole'' is a Region of space, but a ''Defect'' is a PhysicalObject, so a ''Leak'' is considered as a ''CavitywithWalls''. Perhaps a ''Defect'' should be a ''Feature''?? ''Leak'' could be Cavity or CavityWithWalls? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leak' in WordNet: 1. (1) leak - (an accidental hole that allows something (fluid or light etc.) to enter or escape; 'one of the tires developed a leak')`
Super-classes	CavityWithWalls^c Defect^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Leaking^c isLocatedAt^op some (ArtifactObject^c or ArtifactObjectType^c or ContainerType^c or ContainerArtifact^c or ContainerType^c or GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c)

Leaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leaking`
Description	An undesirable passage of any fluid, liquid or gas into or out of a compartment or barrier intended to keep fluid in or out, caused by imperfections - cracks, holes, fissures - in the barrier, container, or outer surface of the compartment. NOTE: this is an ''Action'' that is performed both by the object from which stuff is leaking as well as the stuff that is leaking out. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'leak' in WordNet: 3. leak - (enter or escape as through a hole or crack or fissure; 'Water leaked out of the can into the backpack'; 'Gas leaked into the basement') WN noun 'leak: 4. escape, leak, leakage, outflow - (the unwanted discharge of a fluid from some container; 'they tried to stop the escape of gas from the damaged pipe'; 'he had to clean up the leak')
Super-classes	UndesirableEvent^c IssuingForth^c FluidFlowEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value PropertyDamage^c
Sub-classes	GasLeak^c Seeping^c

Leakproof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leakproof`
Description	''Leakproof;; is the subattribute of ''Sealed'' specifying that the PhysicalObject characterized was sealed in a manner that prevents leaking (seepage) of fluids - liquids or gases - into or outside of the container. NOTE that this applies both to closed containers and to open-top 'containers' such as boats, which usually have the ''Hull'' sealed in some manner to prevent water leaking in. In older wooden ships the ''Sealant'' was often some form of ''Tar''. `NOTE that the adjective ''Waterproof'' is usually used for objects that do not allow water to get in; whereas ''Leakproof'' is for containers that do not allow some fluid to get out. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leakproof' in Wordnet: 1. leakproof - (not subject to leaks)`
Super-classes	Sealed^c
Sub-classes	Hermetic^c Airtight^c

LeakproofContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeakproofContainer`
Description	A ''LeakproofContainer'' is a ''ContainerArtifact'' that has been sealed so that its contents do not escape from an unwanted ''Leak'' when used as intended.
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Leakproof^c doesNotHavePart^op value Leak^c doesNotPerformAction^op value Leaking^c

Lean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lean`
Description	'Lean' is an attribute specifically applying to animals, indicating that it has a relatively low fat content, and is therefore thinner than the average or typical animal of that type. This is used mostly for people. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lean' and sense 2 of 'thin' in WordNet: 1. (5) thin, lean - (lacking excess flesh; 'you can't be too rich or too thin'; 'Yon Cassius has a lean and hungry look'-Shakespeare)`
Super-classes	Thin^c
Sub-classes	Wiry^c Skinny^c

LeaningOnSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeaningOnSomething`
Description	An Action performed by an Animal that applies a force to something by putting the body in such a posture that at least part of the force of gravity on the body of the animal is transmitted to the object being leaned on. The thing leaned on may or may not actually suipport the thing leaning on it. `This differs from other variants of 'ApplyingAForce' in that the force depends on gravity, but is not a case of 'being supported' The closest WordNet sense of 'lean' is sense 4, but that sense also includes the metaphorical supporting action, not included here.. in WordNet: 4. (1) lean - (rely on for support; 'We can lean on this man')`
Super-classes	PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c ChangingPosture^c Action^c ApplyingAForce^c
Sub-classes	Reclining^c

LeaningOver^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeaningOver

Description

An Action performed by an Animal that is normally in an upright posture, and temporarily deviates that posture so as to be inclined from the vertical, forward, backward,or sideward. The leaning action may or may not make use of a support, but this represents the action of going through the leaning motion. This is usually followed at some time interval by a 'getting up'. This type includes as a subtype ''Reclining'' in which the body rests on some support.

    Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lean' in WordNet:
      1. (24) lean, tilt, tip, slant, angle - (to incline or bend from 
        a vertical position; 'She leaned over the banister')

Super-classes ChangingPosture^c
AnimalActivity^c
Action^c

LeapYear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeapYear

Description

The Class of all leap years. These are years which are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly divisible by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century)

   The year 2000 AD was a ''LeapYear''.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leap year' in WordNet:
     1. leap year, intercalary year, 366 days, bissextile year - 
        (in the Gregorian calendar: any year divisible by 4 except centenary years 
        not divisible by 400)

Super-classes Year^c

Leaping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leaping`
Description	''Leaping'' is a ''Jumping'' Action that includes a movement forward. `Corresponds to part (for forward motion by ''Jumping'') of verb 'leap' in WordNet: 1. (19) jump, leap, bound, spring - (move forward by leaps and bounds; 'The horse bounded across the meadow'; 'The child leapt across the puddle'; 'Can you jump over the fence?') WN noun 'leap': 1. (5) leap, leaping, spring, saltation, bound, bounce - (a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards)`
Super-classes	Jumping^c ForwardMotion^c
Sub-classes	JumpingOverSomething^c

Learned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Learned

Description

'Learned' is the attribute of someone who has accumulated a deep body of Knowledge substantially larger than average even for a person who has studied that field, which was derived in large part by studying books. This can be about a particular FieldOfStudy or about Knowledge in general.

  This includes sense 1 of 'learned'and sense 1 of 'erudite' and
     sense 1 of 'knowledgeable' in WordNet:
    WN adjective 'learned'
  1. (7) erudite, learned - (having or showing profound knowledge; 
                'a learned jurist'; 'an erudite professor')
    WN 'knowledgeable':
      1. (1) enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered,
          well-educated, well-read - (highly educated; having extensive
          information or understanding; 'an enlightened public';
          'knowing instructors'; 'a knowledgeable critic'; 'a knowledgeable audience')

Super-classes Knowledgeable^c
Literate^c

LearnedActivityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LearnedActivityType`
Description	COSMO note: this metatype has not been used up to v0.54. It includes all actions that need some kind of training beyond mere observation and repetition. Things that need years of training are represented as 'SkilledActivityType'. In Chinese, there is a difference in the words used to say one 'knows' how to do somnething, if that thing is learned or not learned (like knowing a person). This seems to be a fundamental and intuitive difference. An example is knowing how to speak Chinese. Using any complex device is an instance of 'LearnedActivityType', even if the learning is fast, intuitive (for us moderns) and easy. `Cyc: This is the collection of activities which must first be learned before they can be performed - i.e., before any role which is a specPred of #$doneBy can be played.`
Super-classes	CapabilityType^c ActionType^c
Sub-classes	SkilledActivityType^c
Members	BirdSong PlayingACardGame Brewing BuildingaSructure KaraokeEvent FolkDancing Tangoing BoilingSomethingInWater Reasoning MakingTea CoordinatedBodyMovement MakingaVideoRecording MakingToast Rebuilding VocalMusic BroilingFood PlayingAPokerGame KaraokeSinging ChaChaing Pickling PlayingAComputerGame BuildingaHouse PlayingABoardGame VisualImageRecording BuildingaShip ReiterativeGameEvent ToastingSomething Yodel SoloPerformance BloodPressureTest GameEvent Simmering BoilingFood Skateboarding Lipreading PlayingOneHoleOfGolf Breaststroke SocialDancing PlayingaGolfGame Dancing Singing-Human TakingaPhotograph PerformingArtActivity BallroomDancing PreparingABeverage SingingRockMusic Anesthetizing BoilingAnEgg CakewalkDancing Waltzing InformationRecordingEvent FoxTrotting MakingaRecord FumblingaBall Hula ChoreographedDancing Yodeling Ballet SingingProfessionally ComputerizingInformation PlayingABridgeGame TakingAnX-Ray PlayingaSport CookingInaMicrowave DoingaJig PaintingAPicture MakingCoffee-TheBeverage Climbing-Recreational AbilityToLipread Constructing Snowboarding

LearnedByConditioning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LearnedByConditioning

Description

''LearnedByConditioning'' is the attribute of ''Action''s that are learned by the ''Conditioning'' process.

        Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'conditioned' in Wordnet:
          1. conditioned, learned - (established by conditioning or learning;
              'a conditioned response')
        WN adj 'learned':
          4. learned - (acquired by learning; 'learned skills')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Learner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Learner`
Description	A ''Learner'' is the most general category of people who are trying to learn something - general knowledge or specialized skills. THe subtypes are more specific. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'learner' in WordNet: 1. (1) learner, scholar, assimilator - (someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Learning^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unknowing^c
Sub-classes	Student^c Amateur^c

Learning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Learning`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events, brief or extended, in which an agent is actually acquiring information or know-how. This applies to almost all reading events, with the interpretation that reading means to learn (to some extent) what was written in the written material, even if that material is fictional or useless information, or the information content was already known - unless the reader does not remember any of what was read, in which case it is not 'Learning'.. NOTE: for sucessful learning see ''AssimilatingInformation''. For an instance of learning, to specify what is learned, one instantiates the class 'KnowingSomething' and points to that with the relation 'caused'. That instance of 'KnowingSomething' will point to the thing that is known as a result of that instance of 'learning'. NOTE: intentional attempts at learning,such as searching and investigation, even if unsuccessful, are categorized as 'Learning' in COSMO because information is obtained, even in unsuccessful search, where the searcher learns that what is sought is not present where it was sought. In some language, 'study' and 'learn' are the same word, but in COSMO 'Studying' is an attempt to Learn by reading, and that attempt may not be successful, especially if it is directed at a specific topic and nothing new is discovered in the text about that topic. SUMO: The Class of Processes which relate to the acquisition of information. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'learn' in Wordnet: 1. (91) learn, larn, acquire - (gain knowledge or skills; 'She learned dancing from her sister'; 'I learned Sanskrit'; 'Children acquire language at an amazing rate') 2. (53) learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out, get a line, discover, see - (get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally; 'I learned that she has two grown-up children'; 'I see that you have been promoted') 3. (6) memorize, memorise, con, learn - (commit to memory; learn by heart; 'Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?') WN noun 'learning': 1. (4) learning, acquisition - (the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; 'the child's acquisition of language')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c ImprovementEvent^c ReceivingInformation^c
Restrictions	resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value NewKnowledge^c caused^op some KnowingSomething^c alwaysCauses^op value KnowingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Reading^c Socializing-Adapting^c AssimilatingInformation^c LearningAboutaTopic^c LearningExperience^c Ascertaining^c InformationGathering^c LearningHowToDoSomething^c Recognizing^c

LearningAboutaTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LearningAboutaTopic`
Description	'LearningAboutaTopic' is a subtype of Learning that can be used when the KE wants to specify explcitly the Topic that is being learned.
Super-classes	Learning^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	BecomingAwareOfAnEvent^c

LearningExperience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LearningExperience`
Description	A ''LearningExperience'' is a Group of ''BackgroundExperiences'' (a protracted series of ''Experience''s) that impart to a Person some trait or habit or a significant degree of familiarity with and competence and expertise in some type of task (''WorkingEvent''). Includes . This does not necessarily mean that the Person doing the learning is intending to learn the thing learned - it could also be an unintended thing learned (e.g. to dislike something). `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'develop' in WordNet: 3. (42) develop, acquire, evolve - (gain through experience; 'I acquired a strong aversion to television'; 'Children must develop a sense of right and wrong'; 'Dave developed leadership qualities in his new position'; 'develop a passion for painting')`
Super-classes	Learning^c Familiarization^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Expert^c subjectBecomes^op value Seasoned^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c mayCause^op value Expertise^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Educational^c hasSubEvent^op value WorkingEvent^c

LearningHowToDoSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LearningHowToDoSomething`
Description	LearningHowToDoSomething is a form of Learning in which an animal becomes able to perform some IntentionalAction that cannot be performed without being learned. This is distinguished from learning something that is merely stored in the memory (though that is also useful). LearningHowToDoSomething (if successful) creates a 'Skill'. The restriction states that 'LearningHowToDoSomething' creates a Skill. A single session of practice will usually not be enough for a person to learn a Skill well, so the restriction has to be interpreted as meaning that it creates some level of skill, which may be well below expert level. verb sense 1 of 'learn' in WordNet: 1. (91) learn, larn, acquire - (gain knowledge or skills; 'She learned dancing from her sister'; 'I learned Sanskrit'; 'Children acquire language at an amazing rate') WN verb 'pick up': 5. (4) learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out, get a line, discover, see - (get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally; 'I learned that she has two grown-up children'; 'I see that you have been promoted')
Super-classes	Learning^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Skill^c
Sub-classes	Practicing^c RefiningAnAction^c Apprenticing^c Rehearsing^c

LearningProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LearningProcedure`
Description	A ''LearningProcedure'' is a 'Procedure' designed to help a Person learn something - whether facts or how to do things.
Super-classes	ProceduralKnowledge^c Procedure^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Learning^c
Sub-classes	TrialAndError^c

Leash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leash`
Description	A ''Leash'' is a 'PhysicalRestraint' consisting of a colar and an attached line that allows a Person to restrict the movement of anothr Animal (including people, though usually used for non-human Animals.). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leash' in WordNet: 1. (2) leash, tether, lead - (restraint consisting of a rope (or light chain) used to restrain an animal)`
Super-classes	PhysicalRestraint^c Device^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op exactly 1 hasComponentPart^op value Collar^c

LeashingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeashingAnAnimal`
Description	''LeashingAnAnimal'' is a ''TetheringAnAnimal'' using a ''Leash''. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'leash' (not for roping bags) in WordNet: 1. rope, leash - (fasten with a rope; 'rope the bag securely')`
Super-classes	TetheringAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value WalkingAway^c uses^op value Leash^c

Least^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Least`
Description	'Least' is an attribute of something that is the smallest (in size or quantity) among some specific group of things. This is categorized here as a 'QualitativeAttributeValue' rather than quantitative. @ToDo: some pointer to the other things that this is larger than should be included - perhaps as done with 'AheadInaCompetition'?? Here we point to the Group of which this is the 'Least' `Corersponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'least' in WordNet: 1. (2) least - (the superlative of 'little' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by 'the'; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree; 'didn't care the least bit'; 'he has the least talent of anyone')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Minimum^c

Leather^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leather`
Description	The Substance Leather - for a piece of Leather, use 'LeatherObject'. Note that as a subtype of 'Fabric', Leather is considered an ArtificialSubstance - because it must be processed to become Leather. `Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Leather is a piece of tanned animal hide. Instances of #$Leather are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of shoes, gloves, upholstery, satchels and purses, saddles, and other items. SUMO: A Fabric that is the result of tanning an Animal Skin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leather' in WordNet: 1. (11) leather - (an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning)`
Super-classes	Fabric^c OrganicSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foldable^c
Sub-classes	Suede^c

LeatherObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeatherObject`
Description	An Object made of ''Leather'' from any ''Vertebrate'' with a dressable hide) - a subtype of ''Hide''.. `Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Leather is a piece of tanned animal hide. Instances of #$Leather are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of shoes, gloves, upholstery, satchels and purses, saddles, and other items. SUMO: A Fabric that is the result of tanning an Animal Skin.`
Super-classes	OrganicMaterialObject^c ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c BendableObject^c SheetArtifact^c Hide^c SolidObject^c FabricObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Vertebrate^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Leather^c
Sub-classes	Sheepskin^c

LeatherStrip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeatherStrip`
Description	A ''LeatherStrip'' is a flexible CordlikeObject (not a ''Strap'', which is flattened) of any length that can be used free or attached to other Objects, as a component of some ArtifactObject. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leather strip' in WordNet: 1. leather strip - (implement consisting of a strip of leather)`
Super-classes	CordlikeObject^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Leather^c
Sub-classes	Thong^c

Leathery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leathery

Description

''Leathery'' is an attribute of sheet-like objects or substances that are solid and flexible, but not limp.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leathery' in WordNet:
         1. coriaceous, leathered, leatherlike, leathery - 
            (resembling or made to resemble leather; tough but pliable)

Super-classes Flexible^c
Solid^c
Firm^c

Leaven^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leaven`
Description	Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.39). This is any substance used to 'raise' dough by causing bubbles (as of carbon dioxide) to form and remain when the dough is set. The definitions in WN and RHW seems to imply that inorganic leaven such as baking soda cause 'fermentation', but that is not correct - they only release carbon dioxide. RHW: 'a substance, as yeast or baking powder, that causes fermentation and expansion of dough or batter.' this should be 'causes expansion, as by fermentation'. The inorganics do no cause fermentation. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'leaven' in WordNet: 1. leaven, leavening - (a substance used to produce fermentation in dough or a liquid)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Leavening^c
Sub-classes	Barm^c

Leavened^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leavened

Description

''Leavened'' is the attribute of a ''Bread'' substance or ''BreadObject'' that has been 'raised' (made lighter in density by causing gas bubbles (usually CO2) to be generated inside) in a ''Leavening'' Event.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leavened' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) leavened - (made light by aerating, as with yeast or baking powder; 
              often used as a combining form; 'leavened bread'; 'well-leavened'; 'yeast-leavened breads')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

LeavenedFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeavenedFoodObject`
Description	Each ''LeavenedFoodObject'' consists of a ''PieceOfDough'' that has been 'raised' with leaven.
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Yeast-Raised^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Leavened^c
Sub-classes	BreadObject^c

Leavening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leavening`
Description	'Leavening'' is the act of adding ''Leaven'' to Dough or sugar-containing liquid to cause 'fermentation'. `Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'leaven' in WordNet: 1. raise, leaven, prove - (cause to puff up with a leaven; 'unleavened bread')`
Super-classes	AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op value Leaven^c causes^op value Fermenting^c
Sub-classes	LeaveningDough^c

LeaveningDough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeaveningDough`
Description	'Leavening'' is the act of adding ''Leaven'' to Dough or sugar-containing liquid to cause 'fermentation'. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'leaven' in WordNet: 1. raise, leaven, prove - (cause to puff up with a leaven; 'unleavened bread')`
Super-classes	Leavening^c
Restrictions	causes^op value RaisingDough^c hadObjectModified^op value Dough^c

LeavingAnOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeavingAnOrganization`
Description	CYC: 'OrganizationalTransferOut': A specialization of #$OrganizationalTransfer. Each instance of #$OrganizationalTransferOut is an event in which some agent (an instance of #$IntelligentAgent) loses membership in some organization. Instances of #$OrganizationalTransferOut would thus include lay-offs, expulsions, and excommunications. Note that any event in which an agent leaves one organization to join another would be an instance of both #$OrganizationalTransferIn (q.v.) and #$OrganizationalTransferOut. `Corresponds to verb sense 8 of 'leave' in WordNet: 8. (14) leave, depart, pull up stakes - (remove oneself from an association with or participation in; 'She wants to leave'; 'The teenager left home'; 'She left her position with the Red Cross'; 'He left the Senate after two terms'; 'after 20 years with the same company, she pulled up stakes')`
Super-classes	GroupTransferOut^c OrganizationalTransfer^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value Organization^c isPerformedBy^op value OrganizationMember^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value JoiningAnOrganization^c
Sub-classes	ExpellingFromMembership^c TerminatingEmploymentAtOrganization^c EmploymentTermination^c

LeavingSomeoneInTheLurch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeavingSomeoneInTheLurch

Description

''LeavingSomeoneInTheLurch' is a ''Forsaking'' where The ''Person''(s) abandoned are left in an uncomfortable situation that might have beena voided without the 'leaving in the lurch' action.

        RHW 'leave in the lurch': to leave in an uncomfortable or desperate situation;
          desert in time of trouble: Our best salesperson left us in the lurch at the peak 
          of the busy season.

Super-classes Forsaking^c

LeavingSomethingBehind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeavingSomethingBehind`
Description	''LeavingSomethingBehind'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' where the Person leaving leaves something behind. This may be intentional or unintentional,and the thing left behind can be something physical (including people) or something intangible. This can be broadly interpreted. The thing left behind is pointed to by the relation ''hasDirectObject''. ''Being left behind' is caused by this Action. NOTE: 'good luck' leaving is not included: this is for people 'leaving' something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'leave' in WordNet: 2. (63) leave - (go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness; 'She left a mess when she moved out'; 'His good luck finally left him'; 'her husband left her after 20 years of marriage'; 'she wept thinking she had been left behind')
Super-classes	LeavingaPlace^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Abandoning^c Jilting^c

LeavingaPathOfTravel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeavingaPathOfTravel`
Description	A ''LeavingaPathOfTravel'' is a ''ChangingDirectionOfMotion'' performed by some SolidObject that has been moving along some ''PathArtifact'' on or under the Earth's surface. This is an intransitive sense. `This can be for wheeled vehicles on a Roadway or on a Railway, or for people traveling along some path on foot. This is for something that has a defined path on which it could continue to move, and this action is a deviation from continuing along the usual path. This can be for, example, getting off a highway at some exit, or leaving a hiking trail to take a side-trail or explore some area, or a train derailing, or emerging from a tunnel somewhere other than at the end.`
Super-classes	LeavingaPlace^c ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op some PathArtifact^c isPerformedBy^op value MovingObject^c
Sub-classes	Derailing^c

LeavingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeavingaPlace`
Description	COSMO note: driving out of some place is included as well as walking away. The result of a 'LeavingaPlace' is that the entity that leaves is no longer at that place: it creates an 'Absence', at least temporaty. The restriction requires that the 'Absence' be specified, and that will specify the Place as well as the thing that has left and is absent. Cyc: A specialization of both #$TransferOut and #$Translation-LocationChange. Each instance of #$LeavingAPlace is an event in which the performer (see the predicate #$performedBy) moves, under its own control and often under its own power, from one location to another. Notable specializations of #$LeavingAPlace include #$EvacuatingAPlace and #$ExitingAContainer. Includes verb sense 1 of 'leave' and sense 1, 3, and 4 of 'depart' in WordNet: 1. (151) leave, go forth, go away - (go away from a place; 'At what time does your train leave?'; 'She didn't leave until midnight'; 'The ship leaves at midnight') WN verb 'depart': 1. (11) go, go away, depart - (move away from a place into another direction; 'Go away before I start to cry'; 'The train departs at noon') 3. (3) depart, part, start, start out, set forth, set off, set out, take off - (leave; 'The family took off for Florida') 4. (1) depart, take leave, quit - (go away or leave) WN noun 'departure': 1. (8) departure, going, going away, leaving - (act of departing)
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c WholeBodyMovement^c Translation-LocationChange^c EnteringOrExitingSomething^c LocomotionEvent^c TransferOut^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Absence^c
Sub-classes	WalkingAway^c LeavingSomethingBehind^c LeavingaPathOfTravel^c ExitingSomething^c RunningAway^c Withdrawing^c ExitingAContainer^c PartingCompany^c

LeavingaResidue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeavingaResidue`
Description	''LeavingaResidue'' is any Event in which some Liquid or semiliquid substance deposits something - solid particles or some staining substance - on a solid surface. `Corresponds to part (leving a residue) of verb sense 7 of 'leave' in WordNet: 7. (16) leave, result, lead -(have as a result or residue; 'The water left a mark on the silk dress'; 'Her blood left a stain on the napkin')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Sedimentation^c

Lebanese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lebanese`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Lebanese' in Wordnet: 1. Lebanese - (of or relating to or characteristic of Lebanon or its people; 'Lebanese mountains')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

LebanesePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LebanesePerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lebanese' in Wordnet: 1. Lebanese - (a native or inhabitant of Lebanon)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lebanon^c

Lecithin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lecithin

Description

''Lecithin''is a ''PhosphoLipid'' important in metabolism.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lecithin' in WordNet:
         1. lecithin - (a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; 
            found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; 
            used commercially as an emulsifier)

Super-classes PhosphoLipid^c

Lectern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lectern`
Description	a piece of furniture which is used in giving speeches - the speaker stands behind it and puts their notes on it `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lectern' in WordNet: 1. lectern, reading desk - (desk or stand with a slanted top used to hold a text at the proper height for a lecturer)`
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c Desk^c Pedestal^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Document-Physical^c canBeUsedInAction^op value ReadingWhileStanding^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Document-Physical^c canBeUsedInAction^op value Lecture^c canBeUsedInAction^op value PublicSpeaking^c

Lector^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lector

Description

One who gives a lecture; includes a teacher who teaches by lecturing.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lecturer' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) lector, lecturer, reader - (a public lecturer at certain universities)

Super-classes Lecturer^c

Lecture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lecture`
Description	CYC: A collection of communication actions, a subset of #$PublicSpeaking. Each instance of this collection is an action where some primary actor(s) are mostly speaking and audience members are mostly listening. This type is not a subtype of 'Lesson' because it can be a single-event Lecture, and not part of a course of instruction. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'lecture' in Wordnet: 1. (8) lecture, public lecture, talk - (a speech that is open to the public; 'he attended a lecture on telecommunications') 3. lecture, lecturing - (teaching by giving a discourse on some subject (typically to a class))`
Super-classes	Informing^c Teaching^c PublicSpeech^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value ReadingWhileStanding^c
Sub-classes	Preaching^c Presentation^c

Lecturer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lecturer`
Description	One who gives a lecture; includes a teacher who teaches by lecturing. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lecturer' in Wordnet: 2. (1) lecturer - (someone who lectures professionally)`
Super-classes	Teacher^c
Sub-classes	Lector^c

Led^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Led`
Description	'Led'' is the attribute of some IntelligentAgent (Animals too?) that follow the 'lead' of another agent in some ''MultiAgentAction'', or of such an Action. `This is not quite the sameas ''Managed'' since it can characterize Actions that are 'Led'' by a 'first among equals' withuout formal authority over those being led. No WN adj. sense for 'led'. Any better word??`
Super-classes	Directed^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	US-Led^c

Leek^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leek`
Description	A '''Leek'' is the bulbous fruit of a ''LeekPlant'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'leek' in WordNet: 2. leek - (related to onions; white cylindrical bulb and flat dark-green leaves)`
Super-classes	LayeredObject^c Bulb-ThePlantPart^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op some LeekPlant^c wasaPartOf^op some LeekPlant^c

LeekPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeekPlant

Description

The WN entry

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leek' in WordNet:
         1. leek, scallion, Allium porrum - (plant having
            a large slender white bulb and flat overlapping dark green leaves; 
            used in cooking; believed derived from the wild Allium ampeloprasum)

Super-classes AlliaceousPlant^c
Vegetable-Plant^c

Leer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leer`
Description	`NOTE: WN 'sneer' is included with 'leer' but these are different expressions in COSMO; 'leer' is reserved for the look suggestive of sexual desire. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leer' in WordNet: 1. sneer, leer - (a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls)`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value SexualDesire^c

Leering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leering

Description

''Leering'' is a ''Looking'' in which a man looks at a woman with an expression sugggesting interest of a sexual nature. sexual desire, eros, RHW: to look with a sideways or oblique glance, esp. suggestive of lascivious interest or sly and malicious intention: I can't concentrate with you leering at me.

    Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'leer' in WordNet:
      1. (3) leer - (look suggestively or obliquely; look or gaze with a sly,
         immodest, or malign expression; 'The men leered at the young women on the beach')
      WN noun 'leer':
        2. leer - (a suggestive or sneering look or grin)

Super-classes Looking^c

Leeway^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leeway

Description

''Leeway'' is a 'DifferenceValue' that is either (1)the allowable difference between an optimum value and the actual value achieved (in some action); or (2) the difference between the width of a space into which an object is fitted, and the width of the object (tolerance); or (3) a margin of error expected in a measurement; or (4) any similar difference between the optimal or expected value of something and the actual vale observed in a situation.

   Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'leeway' and includes noun sense 1 of
   'margin of error' (which could be a subtype) in WordNet:
     2. allowance, leeway, margin, tolerance - (a permissible difference; 
       allowing some freedom to move within limits)
    WN noun 'margin of error':
      1. margin of safety, safety margin, margin of error - (the margin required 
        in order to insure safety; 'in engineering the margin of safety 
        is the strength of the material minus the anticipated stress')

Super-classes DifferenceValue^c

Left^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Left

Description

'Left' is the attribute of some thing (object, location) that is to the left side, from the perspective of some observer, or in reference to a region of some 'LeftAndRightSidedObject' (for which Left and Right sides are absolute references). The opposite is 'Rightward'.

     This attribute is meaningful only if the observer or LeftAndRightSidedObject
     are understood, to provide the frame of reference.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'left' in WordNet:
        1. (39) left - (being or located on or directed toward the side
            of the body to the west when facing north; 'my left hand';
            'left center field'; 'the left bank of a river is bank on your 
            left side when you are facing downstream')

Super-classes DirectionalAttributeValue^c
OrientationMeasure^c

Left-Hand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Left-Hand`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'left-hand' in Wordnet: 1. (2) left, left-hand - (intended for the left hand; 'I rarely lose a left-hand glove')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Left-Handed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Left-Handed

Description

This mixes two different meanings - should be distinguished.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'left-handed' in Wordnet:
         1. left-handed - (using or intended for the left hand;
             'left-handed golfers need left-handed clubs'; 'left-handed scissors')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Left-HandedPitcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Left-HandedPitcher`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'left-hander' in WordNet: 1. left-handed pitcher, left-hander, left hander, lefthander, lefty, southpaw - (a baseball pitcher who throws the ball with the left hand)`
Super-classes	BaseballPitcher^c Left-Hander^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value PitchingLeftHanded^c

Left-Hander^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Left-Hander`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'left-hander' in WordNet: 2. (1) left-hander, lefty, southpaw - (a person who uses the left hand with greater skill than the right; 'their pitcher was a southpaw')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	Left-HandedPitcher^c

Left-Wing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Left-Wing

Description

''Left-Wing'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the ''LeftWing'' of some ''PoliticalParty'' or any of its members or supporters. Very loosely applied to liberals as well as extreme ''Leftist''s.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'left-wing' in Wordnet:
         1. leftist, left-of-center, left-wing - (believing in or supporting tenets 
            of the political left)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LeftAndRightMargins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeftAndRightMargins`
Description	The ''LeftAndRightMargins'' is the Group of two ''PageMargin''s on some ''Page''that are located to the left and to the right of the text on that Page. .
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PageMargin^c

LeftAndRightSidedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeftAndRightSidedObject`
Description	A #$LeftAndRightSidedObject is an object with an intrinsic left side and an intrinsic right side. By 'intrinsic' we mean simply that there exists an established convention according to which one side is considered 'Left' and the other side is considered 'Right'. Usually, the two sides can be reliably distinguished from one another. Notice that a conventionally distinguishable left and right do not necessarily imply a bottom and top, or a front and back. Interestingly, it has proved impossible so far to find instances of objects with a left and right but no top, bottom, front or back. It is unclear why this should be so, but it apparently pertains to human psychology in reasoning about directions. However, if an object has a conventionally distinguished top, bottom, front, and back, then these suffice to determine an intrinsic left and an intrinsic right. Notice also--and this is crucial to the whole conception--that while a #$LeftAndRightSidedObject may well have a preferred orientation, changing this orientation does not change what counts as 'left' and what counts as 'right': if you turn me upside down my left side does not become my right side and my right side my left. If an entity does not obey this rule then it does not, generally speaking, count as having a distinguishable left and right--example: a houseplant.
Super-classes	BilateralObject^c
Sub-classes	HexalateralObject^c

LeftField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeftField`
Description	Each 'LeftField' is a part of a BaseballField outside the area delimited by the four bases, and to the left of CenterField, as viewed by someone at home plate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'left field' in WordNet: 1. left field, leftfield, left - (the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left; "the batter flied out to left")`
Super-classes	AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some Baseball^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballField^c

LeftHumanArm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeftHumanArm`
Description	The ''LeftHumanArm'' is the Left-hand ''Arm''of a Person.
Super-classes	Arm^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Left^c

LeftHumanHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeftHumanHand`
Description	The ''LeftHumanHand'' is the left-hand side ''Hand''of a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'left hand' in WordNet: 1. (6) left, left hand - (the hand that is on the left side of the body; 'jab with your left')`
Super-classes	Hand^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Leftward^c

LeftHumanLeg^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeftHumanLeg

Description

The left Leg on a human.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg' in WordNet:
         1. (75) leg - (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb 
            but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle)

Super-classes HumanLeg^c

LeftThumb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeftThumb`
Description	The big end finger on a primate's left hand
Super-classes	Thumb^c

LeftWing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeftWing`
Description	The ''LeftWing'' is the 'Faction'' of a ''PoliticalParty'' consisting of the ''Leftist''s in that ''PoliticalParty''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'left wing' in WordNet: 1. left, left wing - (those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare)`
Super-classes	Faction^c ActivityTypeFocusGroup^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value Leftist^c isaSubgroupOf^op value PoliticalPartyMembers^c

Leftist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leftist`
Description	A ''Leftist'' is a ''Liberal'' whose views support a larger role of Government than the average ''Liberal''. But not an extremist. `CYC: Agents with this ideology advocate reform or overthrow of established order, usually in the name of the good of the common man. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leftist' in WordNet: 1. collectivist, leftist, left-winger - (a person who belongs to the political left)`
Super-classes	Liberal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Left-Wing^c
Sub-classes	Hippie^c MarxistPerson^c Socialist^c

Leftover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leftover`
Description	A 'RemainingPart' of an Object is a ProperPart of that Object that is still Extant at some particular time in some particular place or for some particular purpose.. @ToDo: NOTE that when an Object is intentionally divided into parts as by carving a solid block of material, the remaining part could be the 'carving' produced or the chips of material carved off. Either of these could be significant (gold or silver chips remaining from manufacturing or polishing jewelry have value and are retained), and there should be a way to distinguish these. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remainder' in WordNet: 1. (8) remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum, rest - (something left after other parts have been taken away; 'there was no remainder'; 'he threw away the rest'; 'he took what he wanted and I got the balance')
Super-classes	RemainingPart^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some BeingLeftOver^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObject^c

Leftward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leftward

Description

'Leftward' is the attribute of some thing (object, location) that is to the left side, from the perspective of some observer, or in reference to a region of some 'LeftAndRightSidedObject' (for which Left and Right sides are absolute references). The opposite is 'Rightward'.

     This attribute is meaningful only if the observer or LeftAndRightSidedObject
     are understood, to provide the frame of reference.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'left-hand' in Wordnet:
         2. left-hand - (located on or directed toward the left; 'a car with left-hand drive')

Super-classes DirectionalAttributeValue^c
OrientationMeasure^c

Lefty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lefty`
Description	A ''Lefty'' is a ''Person'' who is dominant with the left hand rather than the right hand). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lefty' in WordNet: 1. (2) left-hander, lefty, southpaw - (a person who uses the left hand with greater skill than the right; 'their pitcher was a southpaw')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	Southpaw^c

Leg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leg`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Animal appendages used for locomotion overland, supporting the animal and moving it along by walking, running, etc. Thus wings, fins, etc., are not #$Legs. The #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart is considered part of the #$Leg. This includes the Thigh as a part of the ''Leg'' NOTE: SUMO restricts 'Leg' to Primate legs, but in COSMO any animal leg, including insect legs, are instances. SUMO: 'Leg' (more restricted that this type) The lower Limbs of Primates. Includes noun sense 1 and 2 of 'leg' in WordNet: 1. (75) leg - (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle) 2. (7) leg - (a structure in animals that is similar to a human leg and used for locomotion)
Super-classes	Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	HumanLeg^c

LegBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegBone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg bone' in WordNet: 1. leg bone - (a bone of the leg)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Leg^c
Sub-classes	Tibia^c Femur^c Fibula^c Kneecap^c Talus^c

LegOfArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegOfArtifact`
Description	A 'LegOfArtifact' is a SupportingObject that forms one of the long thin Objects that support an Artifact, as on a Table or Chair. NOTE that some ''LegOfArtifact''s are not particularly long-such as the short legs of formal armchairs that have large cushions for seats and armrests. For a rod-like ''LegOfArtifact'' use ''LongLegOfArtifact''. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'leg' in WordNet - some artifacts that are not furniture (see ''Tripod'') have 'legs'. in WordNet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some ArtifactObject^c supports^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	LongLegOfArtifact^c FurnitureLeg^c

Legal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legal`
Description	'Legal' is an attribute of an Action that is not prohibited by law, or is explicitly permitted by law. The different WN synonyms have the same basic meanings, but any nuances of usage would need more examples to differentiate. If some specific 'Law' is in question, the relation 'conformsTo' can be used to point to the 'Law'. The closest WordNet synset is sense 1 of 'legal', but that is broader than this sense of 'not prohibited by law'; includes adj sense 4 of 'legitimate': in WordNet: 1. (11) legal - (established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules) WN Adj 'legitimate': 4. (1) lawful, legitimate, licit - (authorized, sanctioned by, or in accordance with law; 'a legitimate government') WN adj 'lawful': 1. lawful - (conformable to or allowed by law; 'lawful methods of dissent')
Super-classes	NotAgainstSomeRule^c
Sub-classes	LegallyBinding^c

LegalAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalAction`
Description	SUMO: Any Process where a 'IntentionalAgent' seeks to obtain something through a court of law, and another Agent either opposes or has the right to oppose the action. `In Cyc called 'LegalConflict' Cyc: Conflicts that are juridified by a legal system. NOTE: 'LegalAction' in Cyc meant an activity that was legal. That concept in COSMO is renamed 'LegalActivity'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal action' in WordNet: 1. legal action, action, action at law - (a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong)`
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c LegalProceeding^c
Sub-classes	Divorce^c LegalHearing^c CriminalProceding^c ForeclosureAction^c CourtCase^c LegalJudgment^c Prosecution^c LegalAppeal^c CreatingaCorporation^c

LegalActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalActivity`
Description	CYC: The collection of actions that are legal, i.e. are not prohibited by some governmental law. `In Cyc this was named 'LegalAction', but that term is used in COSMO to mean an action in a court of law. Cyc: Since different things are legal/illegal in different areas this collection should only be used in a microtheory that specifies the area where the instances of this collection are legal.`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	conformsTo^op value Law^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Legal^c

LegalAge^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalAge

Description

A ''LegalAge'' is a ''MinimumAge'' for making independent decisions and signing contracts; an age below that will be a property.that a Person cannot have if this property is asserted.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal age' in WordNet:
       1. (1) majority, legal age - (the age at which
           persons are considered competent to manage their own affairs)

Super-classes MinimumAge^c

LegalAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalAgent`
Description	LegalAgent is a Role played in the legal system by some entity - a Person, GroupOfPeople, Organization, or any legal entity recognized as an Agent by some legal system. Each instance of LegalEntity persists only so long as it is involved in some kind of legal transaction; in the case of a contract (e.g. employment) the legal role may persist for some time. NOTE: The 'hasRoleFiller'restriction could be 'someValuesFrom' but that would unnecessarily require duplicate values to be specified for things that are Roles and Objects serving in thatRole. When theFOL version is created, the restriction can be made 'some values' with the values being automatically filled in when known from the paralle Object instance. @ToDo: this necessitates finding a RoleFiller for organizations - not quite obvious that this should be so. Should: (1) LegalAgent not be a Role? or (2) Role not need a filler? or (3) Organization not be a LegalAgent?? An Agent perhaps is only a Role when it is an individual Person?? In FOL one cold specify that Organizations are excluded form the 'filler' constraint. as a temporary measure, all individual Orgs (including governments) will have themselves as RoleFillers * Linguistically, the role names and fillers of roles may be used interchangeably, in describing actions, though it is the filler of the role that actually performs the action. The optimal way to represent these intimate relations is not yet decided, but for the present (v0.63), the relation 'hasRoleFiller' must be specified when describing every LegalAgent, so that the actual entity doing the action will be recognized. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$Agent. Each instance of #$LegalAgent is an agent who has some status in a particular legal system. At the very least, such an agent is recognized by some legal authority as having some kinds of rights and/or responsibilities as an agent (e.g., #$citizens of Germany), or as being subject to certain restrictions and penalties (e.g., a company that has been blacklisted by Iraq). Thus, instances of #$LegalAgent include agents that may have property rights, may be taxed, may have a government identification number, may be sued, may have an address, or may buy or sell. Note that membership in this collection is very much dependent upon context. In some societies, only adult males and various kinds of state-run organizations would be included in #$LegalAgent. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'party': skos-definition: 'An independent party is an independent person, organization or group that can enter into a contract or other legal proceeding.
Super-classes	agentive-social-object^c Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasRoleFiller^op only (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Organization^c or GeopoliticalEntity^c or EstateOfaPerson^c)
Sub-classes	Donee^c Vendor^c Stakeholder^c Borrower^c InsuredParty^c MilitaryOrganization^c EstateOfaPerson^c LegalTrust^c JudicialAgent^c Client^c LawEnforcementAgent^c Person^c Publisher^c Corporation^c Contributor^c Tenant^c Fiduciary^c Bequeather^c Lender^c CommonCarrier^c Payer^c Buyer^c
In domain of	wasaVendorTo^op hasNetWorth^op wasaCustomerOf^op
In range of	wasaCustomerOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericCosmoBank

LegalAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalAgreement`
Description	A ''LegalAgreement'' is a Contract that is legally enforceable. `CYC: An instance of #$ObjectType, and a specialization of #$Agreement. Each instance of #$LegalAgreement is an agreement which has a legal status; that is, it is recognized as a valid agreement by some government. Notable specializations of #$LegalAgreement include #$SalesContract, #$Visa-Permit, and #$Account.`
Super-classes	BindingAgreement^c Contract^c
Sub-classes	Visa-Permit^c AuthorizedAgreement^c LoanAgreement^c Patent^c Copyright^c TrademarkRight^c

LegalAllegation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalAllegation`
Description	Each ''LegalAllegation'' is an ''Accusation'' made as part of a Legal Action (criminal or Civil). This can include only one or multiple ''LinguisticAssertion''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allegation' in WordNet: 1. (1) allegation - ((law) a formal accusation against somebody (often in a court of law); 'an allegation of malpractice')`
Super-classes	Group^c Accusation^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some LinguisticAssertion^c existsInContext^op value LegalAction^c
Sub-classes	Indictment^c Gravamen^c Impeachment^c

LegalAppeal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalAppeal

Description

CYC: The collection of all appeals of decisions handed down by judicial bodies by the party that was maleficiary of the decision. Such appeals are made to appellate courts [#$AppealsCourt], which may reject or hear the appeal. A decision of an appeals court can be appealed to a higher appeals court. A legal appeal is normally part of the case that started in the court of initial jurisdiction.

        SUMO: Asking that a higher court reconsider a LegalDecision 
       of a lower court.

          Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'appeal' in WordNet:
            3. (8) appeal - ((law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts 
               to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision 
               and a reversal of the lower court's judgment or the granting of a new trial;
               'their appeal was denied in the superior court')
         WN verb 'appeal':
            1. (4) appeal - (take a court case to a higher court for review; 
                'He was found guilty but appealed immediately')

Super-classes Requesting^c
LegalAction^c

LegalConflict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalConflict`
Description	The Cyc term for COSMO and SUMO 'LegalAction'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

LegalConstruct^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalConstruct

Description

A 'LegalConstruct' from FIBO seems to be something created by Law or contract - seems somewhat vague. Needs further thinking.

 Coresponds to FIBO 'Legal Construct':
    skos:editorialNote  Obligations are an aspect of this category of thing, as are rights.
    skos:definition  Something which is conferred by way of law or contract, such as a right.

Super-classes Obligation^c

LegalDecision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalDecision`
Description	A ''LegalDecision'' is a ''Decision' (a Judgment, a conclusion, a Belief, a finding) arrived at by a Judge or Jury in some ''JudicialDecision'' Event, after some consideration of Evidence, Law, and Reasoning, which can include a ''Trial''. `This is described in a ''LegalOpinion'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'') issued by the ''Judge''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'finding' in WordNet: 2. (3) finding - (the decision of a court on issues of fact or law)`
Super-classes	Judgment^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some JudicialDecision^c isTheMainTopicOf^op some LegalOpinion^c hasBeliever^op some Judge^c
Sub-classes	CriminalCaseDecision^c Verdict^c

LegalDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalDocument`
Description	A specialization of #$OfficialDocument. Instances of this collection not only have the force of the law behind them (as most #$OfficialDocuments do) but also either must be prepared by a #$Lawyer in order to be legitimate, or their construction is strictly specified by the rule of law governing the parties bound by them. While #$OfficialDocuments such as #$CreditReportDocuments may have legal force in some contexts, they are not considered #$LegalDocuments because their construction is not as tightly specified by law as that of #$LegalDocuments. Also, #$LegalDocuments are distinguished as being created expressly for legal purposes. See also #$LegalAgreement. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal document' in WordNet: 1. legal document, legal instrument, official document, instrument - ((law) a document that states some contractual relationship or grants some right)`
Super-classes	OfficialDocument^c
Sub-classes	Affidavit^c TaxReturn^c BillOfImpeachment^c Diploma^c LastWillAndTestament^c DriversLicenseDocument^c Mandate^c Writ^c NationalIDDocument^c PowerOfAttorney^c BirthCertificate^c Visa-Document^c BillOfIndictment^c VehicleRegistrationDocument^c Covenant^c

LegalDocument-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalDocument-Abstract`
Description	A LegalDocument-Abstract is an abstract document (a mental object) that is represented by a physical 'LegalDocument'. For the meaning 'LegalDocument', see that entry.
Super-classes	OfficialDocument-Abstract^c
Sub-classes	Patent^c Copyright^c TrademarkRight^c

LegalEntity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalEntity`
Description	Test entity using 'equivalentClass' - to determine if the concern expressed in the paper 'Representing Roles and Purpose' by Fan, Barker, Porter, and Clark (KCAP 01) about an 'Employer' being a subtype of 'LegalEntity' (which must be either a Person or Organization) can be addressed using the OWL 'equivalentClass' structure.
Super-classes	Role^c IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Hirer^c EmployerPB^c

LegalGovernmentOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalGovernmentOrganization`
Description	$LegalGovernmentOrganization is a specialization of #$GovernmentalOrganization and #$LegalAgent. Each instance of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization is an organization which is a part of, and funded by, the government of a geopolitical entity. Examples include the #$InternalRevenueService, #$UnitedStatesNavy, and #$CityCouncilOfAustin (TX). Some instances of #$LegalGovernmentOrganizations have legal standing in courts. COSMO note: This seems to be useful for distinguishing official government organizations with statutory standing from ad-hoc organizations created by fist of some larger organization.
Super-classes	GovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	DepartmentOfTheUS_Government^c PoliceOrganization^c GovernmentMilitaryOrganization^c SchoolDistrict^c JudicialSystem^c PostalService^c LocalGovernmentOrganization^c ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization^c

LegalGuardian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalGuardian`
Description	A Parent or other person who has legal authority over a ''MinorChild'', or just temporary authority as is held by a day care center or a baby-sitter. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guardian' in WordNet: 1. (4) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property)`
Super-classes	ChildGuardian^c
Sub-classes	FosterParent^c

LegalHearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalHearing`
Description	A ''Legalhearing'' is intended to (and may) determine a certain outcome for a Person. That outcome may typically be more or less favorable, therefore a ''LegalHearing'' is associated with an ''Opportunity'' for one or more outcomes. To specify what the hearing 'is about' one can instantiate the associated ''Opportunity'' with specifics as to the potential outcomes. `??Is there always a 'judge' present? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hearing' in WordNet: 1. (10) hearing - ((law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence)`
Super-classes	LegalAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Testifying^c hasSubEvent^op value Opportunity^c

LegalJudgment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalJudgment`
Description	An official judgment rendered by a governmental court.
Super-classes	LegalAction^c

LegalObligation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalObligation`
Description	A 'LegalObligation' is a subtype of 'obligation' created by a Law. `Coresponds to FIBO 'statutory responsibility': def: An obligation which is defined under some body of law (statute)`
Super-classes	Obligation^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some Legislating^c

LegalOpinion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalOpinion`
Description	A ''LegalOpinion'' is a ''Declaration'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'; which is an AbstractObject) that describes the ''LegalDecision'' (the Belief of a Judge) arrived at in a ''JudicialDecision'' Event. Often referred to a the ''Judgment'' rendered by the Judge. This is the 'judgment' that will normally be referred to. THe subtypes 'ConvictionJudgment' (a 'conviction') and 'Acquittal' are hose referred to as the result of a ''CriminalTrial''. The WN gloss describes this as a 'document' (physical document) but this COSMO type represents it as the AbstractObject that may or may not be represented in a physical document. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'judgment' in WordNet: 5. (1) opinion, legal opinion, judgment, judgement - (the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision; 'opinions are usually written by a single judge')
Super-classes	Declaration^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some LegalDecision^c
Sub-classes	Acquittal^c ConvictionJudgment^c

LegalPenalty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalPenalty`
Description	A ''LegalPenalty'' is a form of Punishing imposed by some ''Court-Judicial'' as a result of an ''IllegalAction'' `NOTE: 'imposed' by a Court, but carried out by some other part of the Justice System - needs to be elaborated. @ToDo.`
Super-classes	Penalizing^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value Court-Judicial^c isCausedBy^op value IllegalAction^c

LegalProbation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalProbation

Description

''LegalProbation'' is a ''ProbationPeriod'' in which the Actions of a ''Wrongdoer'' is observed to deterine if s/he will repeat the offense; consequence not specified here.

     Need relation to the Person (a " Wrongdoer ") being tested:
         relate TimeInterval to Person???
    NOTE: the difference between WN senses 2 and 3 are not clear - perhaps 
       sense 2 means that it deals with a 'wrongdoer' Person not convicted of a crime
       versus a ''Convict'' for sense 3??

        Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'probation' in WordNet:
          2. probation - (a trial period during which an offender has time to redeem himself or herself)
          3. probation - ((law) a way of dealing with offenders without imprisoning them;
              a defendant found guilty of a crime is released by the court 
              without imprisonment subject to conditions imposed by the court; 
              'probation is part of the sentencing process')

Super-classes TrialPeriod^c

LegalProceeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalProceeding`
Description	A legal event, which may or may not be a conflict. Conflicts such as LegalAction are subtypes, but so are filings or an incorporation, or making laws (see 'Legislating'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal proceeding' in WordNet: 1. proceeding, legal proceeding, proceedings - ((law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked)`
Super-classes	Event-Organized^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some LegalProcess^c
Sub-classes	Extradition^c Legislating^c Deregulation^c Arresting^c PassingaLaw^c LegalAction^c

LegalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalProcess`
Description	Any specification that describes how some action should be taken to cause a legally effective and officially registered event to occur. The Event specified may be a conflict or a non-conflict Event, such as a filing or an incorporation.
Super-classes	Procedure^c

LegalProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalProfessional`
Description	An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$LegalProfessional is a person working in the field of law. Notable specializations of #$LegalProfessional include #$Lawyer, #$Judge, and #$Paralegal. `NOTE: a 'LegalProfessional' practises 'LawAsAnOccupation' but only 'LawAsAnOccupation' 'isTheOccupationOfA' only a 'Lawyer'. @ToDo: should there be 'LawAsaProfession' to distinguish what Lawyers do from other LegalProfessionals'?`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value LawAsAnOccupation^c
Sub-classes	Prosecutor^c Judge^c Lawyer^c

LegalSpeedLimit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalSpeedLimit`
Description	A 'LegalSpeedLimit' is the maximum speed (usually on ground, but possibly on water or in the air) established by some 'Law' in some region (e.g. part of a road) in some legal jurisdiction. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'speed limit' in WordNet: 1. (3) speed limit - (regulation establishing the top speed permitted on a given road)`
Super-classes	Limit^c
Restrictions	limitValueIsMaxMinRange^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumValue^c hasReasonforLimit^op value Law^c isaLimitOnAttributeType^op value Speed^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NJTurnpikeDefaultSpeedLimit

LegalSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalSystem`
Description	A heterogeneous Group of entities including a set of 'Laws' and the methods and rules used to enforce those laws. skos:editorialNote This is a Mediating Thing, that is some context in which things have their meaning and existence - in this case, laws and the interpretation thereof by courts. SKOS:definition: a system of law The contemporary legal systems of the world are generally based on one of three basic systems: civil law, common law, and religious law, or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'legal system' in WordNet: 1. (1) legal system - (a system for interpreting and enforcing the laws)
Super-classes	Group^c Proposition^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Law^c hasTopic^op value Law^c appliesInJurisdiction^op some Jurisdiction^c
Sub-classes	EconomicSystem^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomeLegalSystem http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TexasStateLegalCode

LegalTrust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalTrust`
Description	A trust is a legal agent for some financial purposes.
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c

LegalValidity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalValidity

Description

''LegalValidity'' is a generic ''AttributeType'' that categorizes the ways that things can be legally binding or not: values include ''LegallyBinding'', ''Valid'' ''Invalid'' ''Expired'' .

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'validity' in WordNet:
       2. (1) validity, validness - (the quality of having legal force or effectiveness)

Super-classes Quality^c

Legality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legality' and sense 1 of 'legitimacy' in WordNet: 1. legality - (lawfulness by virtue of conformity to a legal statute) WN noun 'legitimacy': 1. (1) legitimacy - (lawfulness by virtue of being authorized or in accordance with law)`
Super-classes	Lawfulness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Legal^c isAnAttributeOf^op value LegalActivity^c conformsTo^op value Law^c

LegalityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalityValue`
Description	A ''LegalityValue'' is an AttributeType that takes values ''legal'' and ''Illegal''.
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op value Illegal^c takesValue^op value Legal^c

LegalizingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegalizingSomething`
Description	''LegalizingSomething'' is an action of a legislative body that removes some prohibition that was encoded in a previous law applying in that jurisdiction. If a law is passed explicitly allowing something that had not previously been illegal, is that 'legalizing'? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legalize' in WordNet: 1. legalize, legalise, decriminalize, decriminalise, legitimize, legitimise, legitimate, legitimatize, legitimatise - (make legal; 'Marijuana should be legalized')`
Super-classes	GrantingPermission^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value LegislativeOrganization^c

Legally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legally

Description

''Legally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action or Adjective and specifies that the Action was performed in a ''Legal''manner, or the adjective is asserted relative to some ''Legal'' criterion e.g. ''LegallyBinding''.

         Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of'legally' in WordNet:
           1. (2) legally, lawfully, de jure -
              (by law; conforming to the law; 'we are lawfully wedded now')
           2. (1) legally - (in a legal manner; 'he acted legally')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

LegallyBinding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegallyBinding`
Description	''LegallyBinding'' is an attribute of documents or promises that give rights to some affected party. This characterizes Documents or promises that were ''Valid'' at the time they were made: however, Documents or Rights may have expiration dates, so this applies only at a particular point in time, and a document or right with this attribute is only ''Valid'' if it has not expired or been rescinded. `NOTE that a ''LegallyBinding'' docment or right can also be ''Expired'' in which case it is no longer ''Valid''. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'binding' in WordNet: 1. (1) binding - (executed with proper legal authority; 'a binding contract')`
Super-classes	Legal^c Valid^c
Sub-classes	Expired^c

LegallyLiable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegallyLiable

Description

''LegallyLiable'' is being ''Responsible'' as a matter of law, for having performed some illegal action. For being 'liable' for punishent if one doesn't obey the law in the future, use ''LegallyRequired''. This is a combination of being ''Responsible'' for doing something illegal, and''Liable'' to punishment for that act - i.e. has some chance of being caught and punished.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'liable' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) liable - (subject to legal action; 'liable to criminal charges')

Super-classes ResponsibleForAnAction^c
Liable^c

LegallyRequired^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegallyRequired

Description

''LegallyRequired'' is being ''Responsible'' as a matter of law, to do something or refrain from doing something) now or in the future where the failure to do it is a violation of law and subjects one to legal punishment. Everyone is ''LegallyLiable'' for punishent if they don't obey the law.

  For being 'liable' to punishment for some crime that has been done,
     use ''LegallyLiable''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'liable' in Wordnet:
         4. liable - (held legally responsible;
            'men between the ages of 18 and 35 were liable for military service')

Super-classes Obligated^c
ResponsibleForAnAction^c

Legend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legend`
Description	A 'Legend'' is a ''FictionalStory'' that may include or be based on some historical events. `CYC: A story which has been passed down from previous generations. They are often popularly considered to be historical, but may be hard to verify. See also #$Fable and #$UrbanLegend. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legend' in WordNet: 1. (15) legend, fable - (a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events)`
Super-classes	FictionalStory^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value History^c

Legendary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legendary

Description

''Legendary'' is an attribute value that pertains to a ''Legend'' or the types of things that exist in legends.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'legendary' in Wordnet:
        2. fabled, legendary - (celebrated in fable or legend; 
          'the fabled Paul Bunyan and his blue ox'; 'legendary exploits of Jesse James')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LegendaryThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegendaryThing`
Description	'A 'LegendaryThing'' is any entity that characteristically exists only in some ''Legend''.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	existsInContext^op value Legend^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Legendary^c
Sub-classes	Gnome^c

Leggings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leggings`
Description	''Leggings'' are close-fitting knitted 'Pants' worn by women and usually to the ankles.. in CYC 'Legging'. `RHW: 2. leggings, (used with a pl. v.) a. close-fitting knit pants.`
Super-classes	WomensClothing^c Pants^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value HumanLeg^c isDesignedToCover^op value BothLegs^c

Legion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legion

Description

This sense of ''Legion'' is used for some ancient ''Army''s or divisions of those armies, especially the 'legion' of the Roman empire.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legion' in WordNet:
           1. (1) host, legion - (archaic terms for army)

Super-classes Army^c

Legislating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legislating`
Description	''Legislating'' is the ''EventSeries'' that includes all of the Actions that a ''LegislativeOrganization'' takes in the process of creating a ''Law'' that is a 'piece of legislation'. CYC: An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$LegalProceeding and #$GroupActivity. Each instance of #$Legislating is a #$PoliticalEvent in which #$Legislators debate, pass #$Laws, and engage in other official political activity. NOTE: the final stage, 'passing a law', is represented by ''PassingaLaw''. Corresponds to part (for the whole process) of verb sense 1 of 'legislate' in WordNet: 1. (1) legislate, pass - (make laws, bills, etc. or bring into effect by legislation; 'They passed the amendment'; 'We cannot legislate how people's spend their free time') WN noun 'legislation': 2. (2) legislation, legislating, lawmaking - (the act of making or enacting laws)
Super-classes	RegulatingBehavior^c LegalProceeding^c PoliticalEvent^c MakingRulesCollectively^c EventSeries^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value LegislativeOrganization^c produced^op some Law^c produces^op value Legislation^c
Sub-classes	MakingAnActionIllegal^c Appropriating^c

Legislation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legislation`
Description	''Legislation'' is a ''Law'' produced by ''Legislating'', the process of creating a ''Law'' by some state or national legislative body; this is one 'piece of legislation' passed by one final vote, not the process or the body of Laws generally. This does not include a 'ordinance' passed by a local governing body, or a decree by a ruler, or a 'reglation' created by a government agency, even though the last has the same effect as a piece of ''Legislation'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legislation' in WordNet: 1. (10) legislation, statute law - (law enacted by a legislative body)`
Super-classes	Statute^c Law^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Legislating^c

Legislative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legislative

Description

''Legislative'' pertains to any aspect of law-making or the laws made by that process:

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legislative' in WordNet:
         1. (5) legislative - (relating to a legislature or composed of
             members of a legislature; 'legislative council')
          2. (3) legislative - (of or relating to or created by legislation;
            'legislative proposal')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LegislativeAuthority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegislativeAuthority`
Description	A 'LegislativeAuthority' is some 'Authority' that has the power to create a 'Law'. In a Monarchy a single person may be able to create a 'Law', but in democracies that power is usually assigned to a Legislature, represented here by the subtype 'LegislativeOrganization'.
Super-classes	Authority^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value LawText^c canCreate^op value Law^c
Sub-classes	LegislativeOrganization^c

LegislativeOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegislativeOrganization`
Description	This is the collection of legislative (lawmaking, policy-formulating) organizations which are part of some #$RegionalGovernment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legislature' in WordNet: 1. (5) legislature, legislative assembly, legislative, general assembly, law-makers - (persons who make or amend or repeal laws)`
Super-classes	GovernmentalOrganization^c LegislativeAuthority^c
Sub-classes	Congress^c Senate^c Parliament^c

Legislator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legislator`
Description	CYC: The collection of all legislators in elective office. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legislator' in Wordnet: 1. (8) legislator - (someone who makes or enacts laws)`
Super-classes	Lawmaker^c PublicOfficial^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some LegislativeOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Filibusterer^c USRepresentative^c Senator^c

Legitimate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legitimate`
Description	''Legitimate'' is a property of an ''AttemptingActivity'' that conforms to (is in accordance with) some ''StandardProcedure'' for accomplishing the attempted goal. The sense of 'legitimate' meaning 'lawful' is represented by ''Legal''. This in effect categorizes a Action as a normal and valid way to accomplish a goal, though it does not guarantee success. Actions with this property would have the restriction: isInAccordanceWith -> StandardProcedure and conformsTo -> StandardProcedure For 'legitimate' children? Nothing yet (as of rev 1697). Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 3 of 'legitimate' in WordNet: 3. (1) legitimate - (in accordance with recognized or accepted standards or principles; 'legitimate advertising practices') WN adj 'valid' 1. (6) valid - (well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force; 'a valid inference'; 'a valid argument'; 'a valid contract'; 'a valid license')
Super-classes	Conforming^c Acceptable^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op some StandardProcedure^c
Sub-classes	Rightful^c

Legitimately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legitimately`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'legitimately' in Wordnet: 1. (1) legitimately, lawfully, licitly - (in a manner acceptable to common custom; 'you cannot do this legitimately!')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Legume-ThePlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Legume-ThePlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legume' in WordNet: 1. (1) legume, leguminous plant - (an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c LegumeOrder^c TerrestrialOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Acacia^c SoybeanPlant^c Clover^c PeaPlant^c PeanutPlant^c

LegumeOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LegumeOrder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legume' in Wordnet: 1. (1) legume, leguminous plant - (an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae)`
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	BeanPlant^c Clover^c Legume-ThePlant^c PeanutPlant^c Acacia^c

Leisure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leisure`
Description	''Leisure'' is a ''MentalState'' of a Person who feels the freedom from obligation to perform some task or job or duty, and can relax or enjoy some ''RecreationalActivity''. `This is a state of mind; Having Leisure time is a different concept. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'leisure' in WordNet: 2. (2) leisure - (freedom to choose a pastime or enjoyable activity; 'he lacked the leisure for golf')`
Super-classes	MentalState^c HumanActivity^c Freedom-Emotion^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value RecreationalActivity^c

LeisureFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeisureFacility`
Description	CYC: The collection of all construction artifacts whose primary purpose is to facilitate one or more #$RecreationalActivity. This has as synonym 'resort area'; some distinction may be possible when required. NOTE that this is an 'artifact' so, even if it is a Park or other outdoor location, it must have some kind artifactual improvements that at least assist its purpose - it has to be intended or designed to be a place for recreation. This includes the subtype ''Playground'', but that subtype should be used for places primarily intended for children to play together or on their own, not for sightseeing or commercial entertainment. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'vacation spot' in WordNet; for a 'playground' where children may play use the subtype 'Playground': in WordNet: 1. (1) resort area, playground, vacation spot - (an area where many people go for recreation)
Super-classes	ConstructionArtifact^c ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	AmusementPark^c Playground^c

Lemming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lemming

Description

CYC: The collection of all lemmings. There is a popular myth that they sometimes commit mass suicide by marching off cliffs into the sea.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemming' in WordNet:
         1. lemming - (any of various short-tailed furry-footed rodents 
            of circumpolar distribution)

Super-classes Rodent^c
Species^c

Lemon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lemon`
Description	A Fruit that is produced by a ''LemonTree'', having a multiply indented shiny skin, and a Yellow color. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemon' in Wordnet: 1. (4) lemon - (yellow oval fruit with juicy acidic flesh)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c CitrusFruit^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value YellowColor^c hasTaste^op value SourTasting^c isTheFruitOfa^op value LemonTree^c

LemonJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LemonJuice`
Description	CYC: The juice of (#$FruitFn #$LemonTree) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemon juice' in WordNet: 1. lemon juice - (usually freshly squeezed juice of lemons)`
Super-classes	LimeOrLemonJuice^c FoodIngredientOnly^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Lemon^c

LemonTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LemonTree`
Description	A tree that grows ''Lemon''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemon tree' and sense 3 of 'lemon' in Wordnet: 3. lemon, lemon tree, Citrus limon - (a small evergreen tree that originated in Asia but is widely cultivated for its fruit)`
Super-classes	CitrusFruitTree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Lemon^c

Lemonade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lemonade`
Description	COSMO: A Beverage derived by squeezing lemons, the resulting juice is sweetened, and may be diluted. `CYC: Lemonade, the drink. The real thing, not the flavored water you buy at the supermarket. C.f. #$KoolAid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemonade' in WordNet: 1. (1) lemonade - (sweetened beverage of diluted lemon juice)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c FruitDrink^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Lemon^c

Lender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lender`
Description	A ''LegalAgent'' (individual or Organization) who has performed the Action of ''Lending'' and is thereby owed something in return. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lender' in WordNet: 1. lender, loaner - (someone who lends money or gives credit in business matters)`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c
Restrictions	hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op some (AgentType^c or Borrower^c) performsAction^op value Lending^c

Lending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lending`
Description	SUMO; The subclass of Giving Processes where the agent gives the destination something for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest). 'Lending' is for physical objects that are movable, so renting an apartment is not a Lending in this sense. `COSMO: Each Lending implies a Borrowing; this alternation in meaning is partly accommodated by having both 'Lending' and 'Borrowing' be subtypes of 'Sharing'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lend' in WordNet: 2. (7) lend, loan - (give temporarily; let have for a limited time; 'I will lend you my car'; 'loan me some money')`
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c TransferringPossession^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c Sharing^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op some Borrowing^c
Sub-classes	Financing^c

Length^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Length`
Description	Length is a property of all macroscopic PhysicalObjects. It can be difficult to assign a meaningful length to some subatomic particles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'length' in WordNet: 1. (56) length - - (the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest horizontal dimension of something that is fixed in place; 'the length of the table was 5 feet')`
Super-classes	Size^c
Sub-classes	Diameter^c Length-LongestDimension^c

Length-LongestDimension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Length-LongestDimension`
Super-classes	Length^c

LengthMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LengthMeasure`
Description	The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to length. This measure is also used to refer to the 'size' of objects that are of approximately the same length, width, and height (such as a sphere or cube or irregular object that is not significantly elongated (length/width lt 2). Thus it can be used as a 'GranularityValue'. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'length' in WordNet: 1. (56) length - - (the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest horizontal dimension of something that is fixed in place; 'the length of the table was 5 feet') WN noun 'linear measure': 1. linear measure, long measure - (a measure of length)`
Super-classes	GranularityValue^c ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	YardLength^c Centimeter^c Inch^c PositionalUncertainty^c HeightMeasure^c DistanceTravelled^c FootLength^c VariableLengthMeasure^c Wavelength^c Meter^c Angstrom^c LongDistance^c Radius^c LightYear^c AltitudeValue^c Mile^c
In range of	hasLength^op hasPerimeterLength^op hasBodyHeight^op hasGrainDiameter^op hasMinimumWidth^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneMillimeter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneLightYear http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoHundredFiftyFeet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneFoot http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHundredYards http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyFeet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoInches http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneInch http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwelveInches http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_5880BillionMiles

LengthMeasuringDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LengthMeasuringDevice`
Description	A ''LengthMeasuringDevice'' is any Device designed to determine any measurement of Length, straight or curved. The most common are ''Ruler''s and measuring tapes. For precision measurements of the width of small objects ''Caliper''s are used. More sophisticated devices may use laser beams to measure a distance, or a bathymeter (depth of water), altimeter (indirect measurement of height by measuring pressure of air), odometer (measuring distance traversed by wheel), radar (to measure distance of an object in air by timing the echo of a radio pulse); batleship rangefunders with connected telescopes at the ends of two long arms for measuring distance to a target at sea; and others.
Super-classes	MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value LengthMeasure^c
Sub-classes	TapeMeasure^c Caliper^c Ruler^c

Lengthened^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lengthened

Description

''Lengthened'' is a subtype of the attribute ''Longer' that is acquired in a ''Lengthening'' Event.

      NOTE: WN synonym 'prolonged' does not quite fit this meaning: see ''Prolonged''.           
       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lengthened' in Wordnet:
         1. elongated, extended, lengthened, prolonged -
            (drawn out or made longer spatially; 'Picasso's elongated Don Quixote';
            'lengthened skirts are fashionable this year';
            'the extended airport runways can accommodate larger planes';
            'a prolonged black line across the page')

Super-classes Longer^c

Lengthening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lengthening`
Description	''Lengthening'' is an ''IncreaseInaQuantity''' in which the 'quantity' increased is the ''LengthMeasure'' (a measure of ''Length-LongestDimension'') of the Object lengthened. NOTE that the ObjectModified is a ''LongishObject'', wjhich means that something can be said to be ''Lengthened'' only if is has some perceptible ''Length' significantly greater than either of the other two dimensions (or, some specific dimension refered to as the ''Length'' for other reasons) . For objects not visibly long to start, the process of increasing one dimension will be a ''ShapeChange'' (a parent type). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lengthen' in WordNet: 1. (1) lengthen - (make longer; 'Lengthen this skirt, please')
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c ShapeChange^c IncreaseInaQuantity^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Lengthened^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Shortening^c hadObjectModified^op value LongishObject^c
Sub-classes	ExtendingAnObject^c

Lenience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lenience`
Description	A subtype of 'Tolerance' in which an authority . refrains from imposing a possible punishment . `Includes noun senses and 3 of 'lenience', and enes 1 and 3 of 'leniency' in WordNet: 1. lenience, leniency, mildness, lenity - (mercifulness as a consequence of being lenient or tolerant) 3. lenience, leniency - (lightening a penalty or excusing from a chore by judges or parents or teachers)`
Super-classes	Tolerance^c
Sub-classes	Mercy^c

Leniency^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leniency

Description

''Lenient'' is a subtype of ''Tolerance'' characterizing a person who is willing for subordinate persons such as employees or students to perform at less than their best capabilities,without meting out disciplinry measures.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leniency' in WordNet:
              2. indulgence, lenience, leniency - (a disposition to yield 
                 to the wishes of someone;
                'too much indulgence spoils a child')

Super-classes Tolerance^c

Lenient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lenient`
Description	''Lenient'' is a ''FeelingAttribute'' characterizing both a Person who can tolerate low performance levels (e.g. from students or employees or subordinates) without punishing the offenders. Not precisely opposite of all included senses of 'Demanding' but closest opposite. Includes to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'lenient' and sense 2 of 'permissive' in WordNet: 1. indulgent, lenient, soft - (tolerant or lenient; 'indulgent parents risk spoiling their children'; 'too soft on the children'; 'they are soft on crime') 2. easy, lenient - (not strict; 'an easy teacher'; 'easy standards'; 'lenient rules'; 'an easy penalty') WN adj 'permissive': 2. permissive - (granting or inclined or able to grant permission; not strict in discipline; 'direct primary legislation is largely permissive rather than prescriptive'; 'permissive parents')
Super-classes	Tolerant^c
Sub-classes	Undemanding^c

Lens^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lens`
Description	CYC: The collection of all lenses, natural (#$Lens-EyePart) and artifical (e.g. for #$Telescopes and #$EyeGlasses). NOTE that Lenses are FunctionalObjects - whether created by people or evolved naturally, they have a purpose in refracting light in a controlled manner. COSMO note: the 'lenses' formed by force fields, as in electron microscopes or gravitational lenses, are not included in this category. Those will constitute special categories of their own. ToDo: Perhaps a process of 'lensing' could include all of these types of focusing of EM radiation. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'lens' in WordNet: 4. lens, crystalline lens - (biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; it focuses light waves on the retina)
Super-classes	SolidObject^c RoundObject^c FunctionalObject^c ConvexTangibleObject^c TransparentObject^c
Sub-classes	Lens-Artificial^c Lens-EyePart^c

Lens-Artificial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lens-Artificial`
Description	Lenses may be made of glass or plastic, but must be transparent, an attribute inherited from 'TransparentObject'. A lens may be complex, having several component lenses, as in zoomable lenses. `CYC The collection of all manufactured lenses, as in #$Telescopes, #$Microscopes, #$Binoculars, and #$EyeGlasses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lens' in WordNet: 1. (5) lens, lense, lens system - (a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images)`
Super-classes	Lens^c TransparentObject^c OpticalInstrument^c SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	ContactLens^c ArtificialEyeLens^c GlassLens^c EyeglassLens^c Monocle^c

Lens-EyePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lens-EyePart`
Description	COSMO note: this type of lens is the natural lens that develops in an eye, not an artificial lens that may be implanted by medical operation. CYC: The collection of all lenses in #$Eyes. Each #$Lens-EyePart is a transparent lens of an #$Eye which focuses images onto the #$Retina of that #$Eye. NOTE that this body part is specified as being located in the head, and refers to the focusable lenses in the eyes of vertebrates, not of invertebrates that may have 'eyes' located elsewhere than on the head. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'lens' in WordNet: 4. lens, crystalline lens - (biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; it focuses light waves on the retina)
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c Lens^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Eye^c

LensedOpticalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LensedOpticalDevice`
Description	An OpticalDevice that has a Lens-Artificial as a part, as in #$Telescopes, #$Microscopes, #$Binoculars, and #$EyeGlasses.
Super-classes	OpticalInstrument^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value RefractingLight^c hasPhysicalPart^op some Lens-Artificial^c
Sub-classes	Telescope^c Camera^c Projector^c MagnifyingGlass^c Eyepiece^c Eyeglasses^c Binoculars^c Microscope^c

Lent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lent`
Description	''Lent'' is a ''ReligiousSeason''in the Christian religion being the period of time from forty days before Easter to Easter. The beginning day is a Wednesdy and is called 'Ash Wednesday' from the ceremony of getting ashes on the forehead in remembrance of human mortality. `The collection of all periods of Lent, starting each year on #$AshWednesday and ending at midnight between Holy Saturday and Easter. Each instance of #$Lent is 46 days long, i.e., 40 days not counting the six #$Sundays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lent' in WordNet: 1. Lent, Lententide - (a period of 40 weekdays from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday)`
Super-classes	ReligiousSeason^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyDays^c

Leopard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leopard`
Description	CYC: The collection of all leopards. Each #$Leopard is a large feline #$Mammal with either a tawny hide with dark spotted markings or a completely dark hide. #$Leopards are native to the #$ContinentOfAfrica and the #$ContinentOfAsia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leopard' in WordNet: 2. leopard, Panthera pardus - (large feline of African and Asian forests usually having a tawny coat with black spots)`
Super-classes	Feline^c DangerousAnimal^c BigCat^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spotted^c

Leotard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leotard`
Description	''Clothing-WholeBody'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leotard' in WordNet: 1. leotard, unitard, body suit, cat suit - (a tight-fitting garment of stretchy material that covers the body from the shoulders to the thighs (and may have long sleeves or legs reaching down to the ankles); worn by ballet dancers and acrobats for practice or performance)`
Super-classes	Clothing-WholeBody^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elastic^c canBeUsedInAction^op value Dancing^c

Leotards^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leotards`
Description	''Leotards'' are Close-fitting covering from the waist to the feet on both legs. `One piece covers both legs. Unlike ''Pantyhose'' this is not necessarily worn under other clothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leotards' in WordNet: 1. tights, leotards - (skintight knit hose covering the body from the waist to the feet worn by acrobats and dancers and as stockings by women and girls)`
Super-classes	HosieryItem^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value BothLegs^c

Leper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leper`
Description	A Person suffering from 'Leprosy''. `CYC; #$Leper is an instance of #$PersonTypeByPhysiologicalConditionType and a subset of #$HomoSapiens. It is the collection of people who have symptoms of #$Leprosy caused by the bacterium #$MycobacteriumLaprae. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leper' in WordNet: 1. leper, lazar - (a person afflicted with leprosy)`
Super-classes	SickPerson^c
Restrictions	isTheSubjectOfState^op value Leprosy^c

Lepidopteran^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lepidopteran`
Description	The order that includes butterflies and moths. This type includes all life stages. `in WordNet: 1. lepidopterous insect, lepidopteron, lepidopteran - - (insect that in the adult state has four wings more or less covered with tiny scales)`
Super-classes	Insect^c
Sub-classes	Butterfly^c Caterpillar^c Moth^c

Leprechaun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leprechaun`
Description	A ''Leprechaun'' is a mythical ''Elf' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leprechaun' in WordNet: 1. leprechaun - (a mischievous elf in Irish folklore)`
Super-classes	MythicalThing^c Elf^c
Restrictions	existsInContext^op value IrishFolklore^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impish^c

Leprosy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leprosy`
Description	CYC: #$Leprosy is a disease casued by the bacteria #$MycobacteriumLaprae. The bacteria invade nerve cells, causing numbness. In unsanitary conditions, infected persons who do not notice injuries to numb areas often develop secondary infections. In the middle ages, such secondary infections were often caused by rat bites. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leprosy' in WordNet: 1. (1) leprosy, Hansen's disease - (chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Leper^c

Lepton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lepton`
Description	A specialization of #$SubAtomicParticle. Each instance of #$Lepton is a particle that does not interact with other particles in terms of the strong nuclear force, but does participate with other particles in terms of mass, electromagnetism, and the weak nuclear force. Important subcollections of #$Lepton include #$Electron, #$Muon, #$Tau, and #$Neutrino. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lepton' in WordNet: 2. lepton - (an elementary particle that participates in weak interactions; has a baryon number of 0)`
Super-classes	SubAtomicParticle^c
Sub-classes	Tau^c Electron^c

Lesbian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lesbian`
Description	CYC: 'HomosexualFemaleHuman': The collection of female humans whose sexual preference is predominantly for other females. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lesbian' in WordNet: 1. lesbian, tribade, gay woman - (a female homosexual)`
Super-classes	HomosexualHuman^c FemalePerson^c
Sub-classes	Dyke^c

Lesion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lesion`
Description	A ''Lesion'' is an abnormal body structure that is caused by some abnormal physiological process or an infection, and not caused by a cutting Event. The 'lesion' caused by a ''CuttingSomething'' is represented by ''Wound''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lesion' in WordNet: 1. (2) lesion - (any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part)`
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Tissue^c

LessThanFive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LessThanFive`
Description	Any Number in some range that is between zero and 5.
Super-classes	LessThanNumber^c
Restrictions	hasUpperLimit^dp value 5.0^c

LessThanHalf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LessThanHalf`
Description	Any Number in some range that is less than 0.5. The range of permitted values does not include the limit. The implementation will have to interpret these numbers in whatever manner less-than and greater-than numbers are interpreted.
Super-classes	LessThanNumber^c
Restrictions	hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.5^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_0.0-0.5

LessThanNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LessThanNumber`
Description	Any Number in some range that is less than the specified value, related by the 'hasUpperLimit' relation. The range of permitted values does not include the limit. The implementation will have to interpret these numbers in whatever manner less-than and greater-than numbers are interpreted.
Super-classes	RealNumber^c
Sub-classes	LessThanHalf^c LessThanFive^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LT_1

LessThanTheAverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LessThanTheAverage`
Description	''LessThanTheAverage'' collects together the subtype of .''RelativeAttribute'' that characterize things as having a smaler than average vlue for the ''AttributeType (instance of '''AttributeTypeType'') that is pointed to by the ''hasAttributeType'' relation.
Super-classes	RelativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	SmallForaLynx^c

LesserApe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LesserApe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lesser ape' in WordNet: 1. lesser ape - (gibbons and siamangs)`
Super-classes	AnthropoidApe^c

Lesson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lesson`
Description	An Event in which a Teacher conducts one lesson, often from 50 minutes to several hours, as part of some CourseOfInstruction. This is the Event, not the plan for the lesson, nor the text of a lesson in a textbook (there may or may not be a ''Textbook-Physical'' used for that course). The lesson can be pure lecture,or include feedback from the students; this type is not disjoint with 'Lecture', nor a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lesson' in WordNet: 1. (6) lesson - (a unit of instruction; 'he took driving lessons')`
Super-classes	PublicSpeaking^c Teaching^c Informing^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value CourseOfInstruction^c
Sub-classes	TutoringLesson^c TutorialSession^c

Lethal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lethal`
Description	''Lethal'' is the attribute of an Object or situation that has caused or is certain to cause ''Death''. For events that have caused death the term 'fatal' is also used. See also 'the subtype 'Fatal'' attribute. ''Fatal''' is used specifically for past events that have caused death ('a fatal blow', 'a fatal disease') NOTE for things that might cause Death but are not certain or almost certain, use parent type ''Deadly''. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 6 of 'deadly' and sense 1 of 'fatal' in WordNet: 1. (2) deadly, lethal - (of an instrument of certain death; 'deadly poisons'; 'lethal weapon'; 'a lethal injection') WN attribute 'fatal': 1. (6) fatal - (bringing death)
Super-classes	Deadly^c
Sub-classes	Fatal^c

LethalWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LethalWeapon`
Description	This is the subcollection of #$Weapons capable of killing a person when used as intended.
Super-classes	Weapon^c
Sub-classes	Bayonet^c Sword^c WeaponOfMassDestruction^c

Lethargic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lethargic`
Description	''Lethargic'' is an Attribute of Animals including People that tend to move or act or to initiate actions slowly. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lethargic' in Wordnet: 1. lethargic, unergetic - (deficient in alertness or activity; 'bullfrogs became lethargic with the first cold nights')`
Super-classes	Torpid^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait^op value Lethargy^c

Lethargy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lethargy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'lethargy' in WordNet: 3. languor, lethargy, sluggishness, phlegm, flatness - (inactivity; showing an unusual lack of energy; 'the general appearance of sluggishness alarmed his friends')`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Lethargic^c

Letter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Letter`
Description	Every complete physical 'Letter' ( a missive from one person to another, usually on paper) is an instance of 'Document-Physical', a PhysicalObject. A 'Letter' must be visually readable; an electronic letter, whether email or in some other format, is an instance of either an AbstractInformationStore or, if in digital form on some medium, an instance of 'DigitalInformationStore', which is the PhysicalObject containing the digitally encoded information. An email will, like other documents, have an abstract and a physical form, but the physical form will typically be a 'DigitalInformationStore', unless it is printed out, in which case it becomes a Letter. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'letter' in WordNet: 1. (475) letter, missive - (a written message addressed to a person or organization; 'mailed an indignant letter to the editor')`
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c WrittenCommunication^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only AbstractLetter^c

LetterOfTheAlphabet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LetterOfTheAlphabet`
Description	A ''LetterOfTheAlphabet'' is an''AbstractCharacter'' that is one element in some alphabet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'letter of the alphabet' in WordNet: 1. letter, letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character - (the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech; 'his grandmother taught him his letters')`
Super-classes	AlphabeticalCharacter^c AbstractCharacter^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some Alphabet^c
Sub-classes	GreekCharacter^c

Letting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Letting`
Description	'Letting' is an Event or PersistentState that either removes a barrier to some action, or (for a state) maintains a condition under which an Event can occur. This is a broad sense of 'allow','let' or 'permit' that is not restricted to (but includes) the granting of permission from one person to another to do something. It is the absence or removal of either a physical or social barrier to some action or event. `For the more specific removal of social barriers, use 'GrantingPermission'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'let', sense 1 of 'allow', and sense 2 of 'permit' in WordNet: 1. (219) let, allow, permit - (make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen; 'This permits the water to rush in'; 'This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement'; 'This will permit the rain to run off')`
Super-classes	Enabling^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	GrantingPermission^c

Lettuce-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lettuce-Foodstuff`
Description	Lettuce in edible forms. For example, a lettuce leaf on a sandwich, or torn lettuce in a salad. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lettuce' in WordNet: 3. lettuce - (leaves of any of various plants of Lactuca sativa)`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c Vegetable-Food^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value LettucePlant^c
Sub-classes	CosLettuce^c

LettucePlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LettucePlant`
Description	A plant order in the dicot subclass. See also #$Lettuce-Foodstuff. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lettuce' in WordNet: 2. lettuce - (any of various plants of the genus Lactuca)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c DicotSubclass^c Vegetable-Plant^c HerbPlant^c
Sub-classes	RomaineLettucePlant^c

Leucine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leucine

Description

CYC: A collection of organic compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. These compounds are essential for protein synthesis and must be ingested by the organism. Its abbreviations are Leu and L.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leucine' in WordNet:
          1. leucine - (a white crystalline amino acid occurring 
            in proteins that is essential for nutrition; obtained by 
            the hydrolysis of most dietary proteins)

Super-classes AminoAcid^c

Leukemia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leukemia`
Description	''Leukemia'' is a ''BloodDisease'' that is a ''Cancer'' affecting the white blood cells. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leukemia' in WordNet: 1. leukemia, leukaemia, leucaemia, cancer of the blood - (malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer)`
Super-classes	Cancer^c BloodDisease^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Blood^c

Levee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Levee`
Description	`This is for the 'levees' that line the banks of a Stream to prevent flooding from the Stream when the water flow is higher than the inhabited adjacent land. Similar structures are ''Dam'' to hold back a stream, and ''Dike'' to keep out water from an adjacent Sea.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'levee' in WordNet: 3. levee - (an embankment that is built in order to prevent a river from overflowing)`
Super-classes	InfrastructureProduct^c FixedStructure^c Embankment^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value Flooding^c controls^op value StreamCurrent^c

Level^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Level

Description

'Level' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that are both 'Flat' and 'Horizontal'. This is an approximate attribute, and things can be more horizontal than others. This AttributeValue is for objects that have a surface wide enough to be considered planar at that surface; this attribute applies to that flat surface - other parts of the object may be very irregular in shape. So, for a table, one may say that the top is 'Level'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'level' in WordNet:
       1. (3) flat, level, plane - (having a surface without slope, tilt 
        in which no part is higher or lower than another; 'a flat desk';
        'acres of level farmland'; 'a plane surface'; 'skirts sewn with fine flat seams')

Super-classes Flat^c
Horizontal^c

LevelOfQuality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LevelOfQuality

Description

'LevelOfQuality' is a 'DegreeOfIntensity' whos values specifically express the intensity of some Attribute ascribing quality to an object or process. The quality value will typically be an EvaluativeAttribute, expressing the goodness of something in relation to its goodness for some purpose,

    'Grade A eggs' is an example of usage.

    The sense of 'level' meaning 'stage of development'
    is expressed by 'StageOfDevelopment'.

    Corresponds to sense 2 of 'level', part of noun sense 1 of 'level' 
       and part of sense 1 of 'degree' in WordNet -  The more general 
       sense of intensity of some attribute is the parent type 'DegreeOfIntensity'.
   in WordNet:
    WN 'level':
      1. (467) degree, grade, level - (a position on a scale of intensity or amount 
         or quality; 'a moderate grade of intelligence'; 'a high level of care is required';
         'it is all a matter of degree')
      2. (169) grade, level, tier - (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group;
        'lumber of the highest grade')

Super-classes DegreeOfIntensity^c

Lever^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lever`
Description	COSMO note: This sense of ''Lever'' is broader than the CYC sense, including anything that can serve as a stable Object around which long ojects ca pivot. Thus a ''Crowbar'' is included, although the part that serves as the ''Lever'' is only one part of the whole rod. The CYC sense could be a subtype. `NOTE: a ''Lever'' can be a ''Board'' or a ''Rod'', so calling it a 'shaft' may be misleading. CYC: An #$ExistingObjectType. Each instance of #$Lever is a #$PhysicalDevice consisting of a #$Shaft which pivots on a #$Fulcrum. #$Levers are used to transfer energy. When force is applied to one end of a #$Lever in a particular direction, the other end moves in the opposite direction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lever' in Wordnet: 1. (1) lever - (a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum)`
Super-classes	Device^c BoardOrRod^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredInstrumentForAction^op value Levering^c
Sub-classes	GunTrigger^c ControlLever^c Tiller^c Helm^c Pedal^c Crowbar^c

Leverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Leverage`
Description	''Leverage'' is a ''MechanicalPhenomenon'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leverage' in WordNet: 1. leverage, purchase - (the mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever)
Super-classes	MechanicalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Lever^c

LeveragingAnInvestment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeveragingAnInvestment`
Description	''LeveragingAnInvestment'' is a subtype of ''Investing'' in which the investor uses borrowed money to increase the return on her/his own invested money. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'leverage' in WordNet: 1. leverage - (supplement with leverage; 'leverage the money that is already available') WN noun 'leverage': 3. leverage, leveraging - (investing with borrowed money as a way to amplify potential gains (at the risk of greater losses))`
Super-classes	Investing^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Loan^c uses^op value Loan^c

Levering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Levering`
Description	Moving something (usually ''Raising'') by using a ''Lever'' (by causing the other end of the ''Lever'' to go in the opposite direction. This requires something to serve as a ''Fulcrum'' though that Role may be played by any convenient object that will stay in place against the force of the ''Lever'' `Some ''Lever''s like a crow bar have the ''Fulcrum'' built in. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'lever' in Wordnet (using a lever to move something): in WordNet: 1. pry, prise, prize, lever, jimmy - (to move or force, especially in an effort to get something open; 'The burglar jimmied the lock', 'Raccoons managed to pry the lid off the garbage pail')`
Super-classes	PushingEvent^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Lever^c

Levity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Levity`
Description	''Levity'' is a state in which the Person is being frivolous and jesting or joking. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'levity' in WordNet: 1. levity - (feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness) 2. levity - (a manner lacking seriousness)`
Super-classes	Frivolity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Jesting^c
Sub-classes	Flippancy^c

Levy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Levy`
Description	A 'Levy'' is a ''PaymentRequestContent'' (a 'charge') created by a ''GovernmentalAuthority''. `This is expressed as a ''MoneyCharges (s.t. of ''MonetaryValue'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'levy' in WordNet: 1. levy - (a charge imposed and collected)`
Super-classes	PaymentRequestContent^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value GovernmentalAuthority^c isProducedByEventType^op value LevyingaCharge^c
Sub-classes	Tax^c

LevyingaCharge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LevyingaCharge`
Description	''LevyingaCharge'' is a ''RequestingPayment'' Action in which a ''GovernmentalAuthority'' establishes a ''MoneyCharges'' for some ''GovernmentalService'', including imort duties, taxes, fines, and fees for specific services. `charge - ''"MoneyCharges'' - value ''MonetaryCost'' - price charged "bill-pay -document Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'levy' in WordNet: 1. (4) levy, impose - (impose and collect; 'levy a fine')`
Super-classes	RequestingPayment^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PaymentRequestContent^c produces^op value Levy^c hasTopic^op value MoneyCharges^c

Lexical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lexical`
Description	''Lexical'' is a pertaining attribute of things related to words, dictionaries, or terminologies or lexicons. `Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'lexical' in Wordnet: 1. (2) lexical - (of or relating to words; 'lexical decision task') 2. lexical - (of or relating to dictionaries)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Ideographic^c

LexicalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LexicalType`
Description	A LexicalType is any structure (word, phrase, phoneme, morpheme) in a NaturalLanguage that, has a distinctie pattern of letters in its alphabetical representation. An example would be an Abbreviation.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Initials Abbreviation Acronym

Lexicographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lexicographer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lexicographer' in WordNet: 1. lexicographer, lexicologist - (a compiler or writer of a dictionary; a student of the lexical component of language)`
Super-classes	Linguist^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op value DictionaryDefinition^c

Liability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liability`
Description	''Liability'' is an ''RiskySituation'' for Persons who have some potential `NOTE: for a ''Liabilty'' that inolves some form of financial obligation, use subtype ''FinancialLiability'' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'liability' (including obligations that are not only financial) in WordNet: 1. (1) liability - (the state of being legally obliged and responsible)`
Super-classes	BadThing^c RiskySituation^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	FinancialLiability^c BurdenOfPunishment^c

Liable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liable`
Description	''Liable''is a subtype of ''Vulnerable'' modifying an undesirable EventType specifying that the thing modified has more than a small (but not quantified) likelihood of experiencing that undesirable Event. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'liable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) apt, liable - (at risk of or subject to experiencing something usually unpleasant; 'he is apt to lose'; 'she is liable to forget')`
Super-classes	Vulnerable^c
Sub-classes	LegallyLiable^c

Liaison^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liaison

Description

A ''Liaison'' is a ''Person'' or ''GroupOfPeople'' who serve(s) as a ''CommunicationsChannel'' for other Agents.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'liaison' in WordNet:
         2. (1) liaison, link, contact, inter-group communication - 
            (a channel for communication between groups; 
            'he provided a liaison with the guerrillas')

Super-classes CommunicationsChannel^c
(Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c)

Liar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liar' in WordNet: 1. (2) liar, prevaricator - (a person who has lied or who lies repeatedly)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Lying^c

Liberal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liberal`
Description	A ''Liberal'' is a ''Person'' whose views on politics are ''PoliticallyLiberal'', i.e. s/he believes in ''Liberalism''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liberal' in WordNet: 1. (27) liberal, liberalist, progressive - (a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PoliticallyLiberal^c believes^op value Liberalism^c
Sub-classes	Leftist^c

Liberalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liberalism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liberalism' in WordNet: 1. (6) liberalism - (a political orientation that favors progress and reform)`
Super-classes	PoliticalIdeologicalBelief^c

Liberalization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liberalization`
Description	The term 'slackening' can be used for wind as well as controls or restrictions. The 'wind' sense is not included in this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liberalization' and part (for relaxation of control) in WordNet: 1. liberalization, liberalisation, relaxation - (the act of making less strict) WN noun 'relaxation': 4. relaxation, loosening, slackening - (an occurrence of control or strength weakening; 'the relaxation of requirements'; 'the loosening of his grip'; 'the slackening of the wind')`
Super-classes	Easing^c Action^c RemovingaRestriction^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value Relief^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Inconvenience^c

Liberating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liberating

Description

Something ''Liberating'' causes some (relative) degree of ''Relief'' by removing a worry, concern, or obligation.

    No WN or RHW sense for this attribute.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Libertarian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Libertarian

Description

''Libertarian'' is an attribute pertaining to ''LibertarianPerson''s and their ''Libertarianism'' philosophy.

      No sdj.sense of 'Libertarian' in WordNet.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LibertarianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LibertarianPerson`
Description	This sense of ''LibertarianPerson'' is a Person who has supports a philosophical and political position that a Government should impose the minimal necessary restrictions on the behavior and freedom of people. Much debate depends on what people consider 'necessary'. `The only noun definiton of 'libertarian' in Wordnet is for a type of ''Philosopher''. This type includes politicians and voters who profess 'Libertarianism' with no formal training in Philosophy, just a belief in their idea of 'freedom'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'libertarian' in WordNet: 1. libertarian - (someone who believes the doctrine of free will)`
Super-classes	Believer^c Philosopher^c
Restrictions	believes^op value Libertarianism^c

Libertarianism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Libertarianism`
Description	''Libertarianism'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'libertarianism' in WordNet: 1. libertarianism - (an ideological belief in freedom of thought and speech)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c Ideology^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op value Philosophy^c isaComponentElementOf^op value Philosophy^c

Libertine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Libertine`
Description	A ''Libertine'' is an ''ImmoralPerson'' who is a 'Man'' who often engages in ''SexuallyPromiscuous'' sexual intercourse. For the corresponding ''Woman''use ''Slut''. `NOTE: 'Immoral' is an ''EvaluativeAttribute'' that depends on indvidual opinion. NOTE2: these terms are traditional but may be considered deprecatory. Alternative term? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'libertine' in WordNet: 1. (1) libertine, debauchee, rounder - (a dissolute person; usually a man who is morally unrestrained)`
Super-classes	Fornicator^c Man^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immoral^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SexuallyPromiscuous^c

Liberty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liberty`
Description	''Liberty'' is a form of ''Independence'' (a form of ''Freedom'') from control of any country or agent outside the local Country. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liberty' in WordNet: 1. (7) autonomy, liberty - (immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence)`
Super-classes	Freedom^c
Restrictions	isaFreedomFrom^op some ForeignControl^c
Sub-classes	SelfGovernment^c

Librarian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Librarian`
Description	Cyc: The collection of persons who manage and work in libraries. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'librarian' in WordNet: 1. (1) librarian, bibliothec - (a professional person trained in library science and engaged in library services)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Professional-Adult^c SocialScientist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value LibraryScience^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Library-Organization^c

Library-Department^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Library-Department`
Description	A specialization of #$Library-Organization. Each instance of this collection is a library which stands in the #$subOrganizations relation to some larger entity (such as a University, or of a Law Firm, or of any company that maintains an internal library.)
Super-classes	LibraryOrganization^c Department^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op some Organization^c

Library-Organization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Library-Organization`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$ServiceOrganization. Each instance of this collection is an organization which purchases, maintains, and often lends out a collection of #$InformationBearingThings for perusal by its members, or by the general public. Instances of this collection may be organizations in their own right, or #$subOrganizations of some larger entity (such as a University). For the latter case, see the more specialized collection #$Library-Department.
Super-classes	ServiceOrganization^c Organization^c ProductDisplayOrganization^c

LibraryBuilding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LibraryBuilding

Description

A 'LibraryBuilding' is a Building or part of a building maintained by a LibraryOrganization for the purpose of containing books, and possibly other kinds of reading or literary materials such as newspapers, magazines, video tapes, CD's, or any other medium which stores information, including computers with or without access to the internet. The important criterion is that it is a space maintained by a LibraryOrganization. Instances would be the Library of Congress building in Washington, the Library at Alexandria, and a library room in a commercial organization that has a formal 'library' as a subdivision.

  Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'library' in WordNet:
  3. (2) library, depository library - (a depository built to contain
     books and other materials for reading and study)

Super-classes HumanOccupationConstruct^c
FixedStructure^c

LibraryCollection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LibraryCollection`
Description	A 'LibraryCollection' is an 'ObjectCollection' including books and possibly other types of information-bearing objects. NOTE that this collection only includes artifacts, not natural objects, which might be included in a museum collection, and might be incidentally kept in a library, but by this definition would not be part of the 'LibraryCollection'. `This includes private 'libraries', even relatively small ones, but may be part of the holdings of a 'LibraryOrganization'; it can also be used to describe subdivisions of a larger library, such as 'Fiction' books or 'DVDs', or 'Rare books'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'library' in WordNet: 2. (2) library - (a collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing)`
Super-classes	Collection^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only InformationBearingObject^c

LibraryOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LibraryOrganization`
Description	A 'LibraryOrganization' is an Organization whose main purpose is to keep and provide a means of access to information, as part of another Organization (such as libraries maintained by a town government) or within a large commercial organization.. In Cyc called 'Library-Organization' Cyc: A specialization of #$ServiceOrganization. Each instance of this collection is an organization which purchases, maintains, and often lends out a collection of #$InformationBearingThings for perusal by its members, or by the general public. Instances of this collection may be organizations in their own right, or #$subOrganizations of some larger entity (such as a University). For the latter case, see the more specialized collection #$Library-Department. There is no sense in WordNet specifying such an Organization.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	controls^op some (LibraryRoom^c or LibraryBuilding^c or LibraryCollection^c) isaSubOrganizationOf^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	Library-Department^c

LibraryRoom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LibraryRoom

Description

A Room or group of Rooms in a building, mostly used for the purpose of containing books (or other reference works, such as videos and documents), but part of an organization or establishment that is not itself a 'LibraryOrganization'. This sense of 'library' can be used for rooms in a place of business or a home that is the primary place for storage of books for easy access, even if the room is also used for other purposes. a 'Library' may have built-in bookshelves, but may also be just a room in a home with a lot of books placed on movable shelves, that is called the 'library' because it has more of the books in the home than any other room.

       This is probably the same meaning as Cyc 'LibraryRoom', but the
       Cyc element has no explanatory comments.

       For a library that is a building or part of a building managed by a
       LibraryOrganization, use 'LibraryBuilding'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'library' in WordNet:
       1. (3) library - (a room where books are kept; 'they had brandy in the library')

Super-classes Room^c

LibraryScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LibraryScience`
Description	the 'SocialScience' concerned with managing a 'LibraryOrganization'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'library science' in WordNet: 1. library science - (the study of the principles and practices of library administration)`
Super-classes	SocialScience^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value LibraryOrganization^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Book-Abstract^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Book-Physical^c

Lice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lice`
Description	A Group of at least three 'Louse''s, on one animal. having this is the criterion for being ''Lousy'' (''Infested'' with lice).
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 3

Licence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Licence

Description

''Licence'' is an excessive form of ''FreedomOfChoice'' in which people are allowed to pursue ther own interests without concern for the negative effects on other people that their actions affect.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'licence' in WordNet:
          1. license, licence - (excessive freedom; lack of due restraint;
            'when liberty becomes license dictatorship is near'- Will Durant;
            'the intolerable license with which the newspapers
                 break...the rules of decorum'- Edmund Burke)

Super-classes FreedomOfChoice^c

License^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#License`
Description	A 'License' is any of various 'Permission's granted by a Government or government agency. The Right is granted in a 'GrantingPermission' Event. This is abstract, not the document that is evidence of the license. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'license' in WordNet: 1. (4) license, licence, permit - (a legal document giving official permission to do something)`
Super-classes	Permission^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some GovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	LicenseToPractice^c DriversLicense^c

LicenseToPractice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LicenseToPractice`
Description	A 'LicenseToPractice' is any of various 'License's granted by a Government or government agency to professionals or craftsmen, such as doctors, nurses, lawyers, plumbers, electricians, or others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occupation license' in WordNet: 1. (1) occupation license, occupation licence - (a license to pursue a particular occupation)`
Super-classes	License^c
Sub-classes	LawLicense^c

Licensed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Licensed

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'licensed' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) accredited, commissioned, licensed, licenced -
           (given official approval to act; 'an accredited college'; 'commissioned broker'; 
           'licensed pharmacist'; 'authorized representative')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Licensed-Professional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Licensed-Professional`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$PersonWithOccupation that are licensed professionals, e.g., doctors and lawyers. `The relationship to the 'License' is crudely represented by the 'has' restriction.`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c CommercialServiceProvider^c
Restrictions	possesses^op value License^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Licensed^c
Sub-classes	Accountant^c MedicalDoctor^c Lawyer^c

Licensee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Licensee`
Description	A ''Licensee''is a ''LegalAgent'' who is an ''Owner'' of a License. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'licensee' in WordNet: 1. licensee, licencee - (someone to whom a license is granted)`
Super-classes	Owner^c
Restrictions	owns^op value CommercialUseLicense^c

Lichen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lichen

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lichen' in WordNet:
        2. lichen - (any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; 
           occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or 
           rocks or bare ground etc.)

Super-classes Fungus^c

Licking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Licking`
Description	The physical act of licking. This is a Touching, so there are two salient objects involved. `CYC 'LickingEvent': The collection of events in which an agent licks something. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lick' in WordNet: 2. (7) lick, lap - (pass the tongue over; "the dog licked her hand") WN noun 'lick': 2. lick, lap - (touching with the tongue; 'the dog's laps were warm and wet')`
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c ActionOnObject^c TouchingDeliberately^c AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	requiredBodypart^op value Tongue^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Vertebrate^c hadObjectMoved^op value Tongue^c
Sub-classes	LappingUp^c

Licorice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Licorice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'licorice' in WordNet: 2. licorice, liquorice - (a black candy flavored with the dried root of the licorice plant)`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c Candy^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value LettucePlant^c

LicoricePlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LicoricePlant

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'licorice' in WordNet:
         1. licorice, liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra - (deep-rooted coarse-textured plant
             native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; 
             widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots)

Super-classes DicotSubclass^c
Vegetable-Plant^c
HerbPlant^c
CropPlant^c

Lie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lie`
Description	An Assertion that is factually false, made by a person who knows it to be false. NOTE that this is the abstract content of a false assertion, not the linguistic representation. The distinction between a 'lie' and the subtype 'deceit' is subtle - a lie (knowingly false statement) may not be intended to deceive - if the hearer is not expected to be deceived (as in diplomatic denials that everyone knows are false, or 'not guilty' pleas in a court). For the act of lying, use 'Lying'. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'lie' and sense 2 of 'fiction' in WordNet: 1. (13) lie, prevarication - (a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth) WN noun 'fiction': 2. fabrication, fiction, fable - (a deliberately false or improbable account)`
Super-classes	Falsehood^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Lying^c

LiegeLord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiegeLord`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liege lord' in WordNet: 1. liege, liege lord - (a feudal lord entitled to allegiance and service)`
Super-classes	Overlord^c

Lien^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lien`
Description	A ''Lien'' is a ''SecurityInterest'' created by a some failure to pay a debt on time, or by a voluntary agreement that is not a ''MortgageAgreeement''. CYC: A collection of #$TemporaryUserRightsAgreements. Each #$Lien is a charge against property making it security for the payment of a debt, judgment, mortgage, or taxes. A #$Lien may be entered into voluntarily (as when taking out a loan, or one may be imposed by a government body, such as the #$InternalRevenueService. RHW: Law. the legal claim of one person upon the property of another person to secure the payment of a debt or the satisfaction of an obligation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lien' in WordNet: 1. lien - (the right to take another's property if an obligation is not discharged)
Super-classes	SecurityInterest^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value DefaultingonaDebt^c wasCreatedByEvent^op only IncurringaDebt^c

Lieutenant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lieutenant`
Description	This ''Lieutenant'' includes both ''SecondLieutenant'' and 'first lieutenant'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lieutenant' in WordNet: 1. (41) lieutenant - (a commissioned military officer)`
Super-classes	CommissionedOfficer^c Soldier^c
Sub-classes	SecondLieutenant^c

LieutenantColonel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LieutenantColonel

Description

Rank intermediate between #$Major-Rank and #$Colonel-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Lieutenant Colonel usually commands an instance of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lieutenant colonel' in WordNet:
           1. lieutenant colonel, light colonel - (a commissioned officer 
             in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines holding a rank
             above major and below colonel)

Super-classes CommissionedOfficer^c

LieutenantGeneral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LieutenantGeneral

Description

A ''LieutenantGeneral'' is a Person with a Rank intermediate between #$MajorGeneral-Rank and #$General-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Lieutenant General typically commands an instance of #$Corps-UnitDesignation.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lieutenant general' in WordNet:
           1. lieutenant general - (a general officer ranking 
               above a major general and below a full general)

Super-classes CommissionedOfficer^c

LifeBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeBoat`
Description	A ''LifeBoat'' is a ''Boat''used for saving people from drowning at sea. This is used to refer to the Boats that are carried on a large ''Ship'' to carry people to safety in case the Ship sinks. Some boats used from a shore base can also qualify for this type. RHW: 1. a double-ended ship's boat, constructed, mounted, and provisioned so as to be readily able to rescue and maintain persons from a sinking vessel. 2. a similarly constructed boat used by shore-based rescue services. `CYC: Smaller boats carried on a ship to provide a means of escape if the ship is in danger of sinking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifeboat' in WordNet: 1. lifeboat - (a strong sea boat designed to rescue people from a sinking ship)`
Super-classes	Rowboat^c SeaworthyBoat^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value OceanLiner^c

LifeExperiences^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeExperiences`
Description	''LifeExperiences'' is some Group of ''Experience''s that are lived by one Person over some period of time, and influence that Person's outlook on life. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reality' in WordNet: 1. (21) world, reality - (all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you; 'his world was shattered'; 'we live in different worlds'; 'for them demons were as much a part of reality as trees were')`
Super-classes	EventGroup^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hasComponentElement^op value Experience^c
Sub-classes	RealLife^c

LifeForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeForm`
Description	Life Form is very general category of organic objects that can reproduce themselves in a manner resembling the reproduction of animals and plants, and includes intact organisms, viruses, and prions. A part of an organism is not a life form in itself. NOTE that artificial life forms that are not organic (e.g. robots) are not included in this category. NOTE also that 'LifeForm' is not disjoint with 'InanimateThing' though 'Organism' is. This is because some primitive life forms, like some viruses, can occur in crystalline form (while still being viable), and we have categorized crystals as inanimate. The border between living and non-living at the subcellular level is fuzzy, and in COSMO (rev639) we are still trying to find the proper distinctions. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'living thing' in WordNet: 1. (1) living thing, animate thing - (a living (or once living) entity)
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c AnimateThing^c SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Prion^c Organism^c ExtraterrestrialLifeForm^c DependentLifeForm^c Pathogen^c MicroLifeForm^c
In domain of	died^op

LifeFormType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeFormType`
Description	''LifeFormType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of ''OrganismType'' that can serve as type for LifeForms (including LifeForms that are not true Organisms) and an argument restriction for various relations on specific types of organisms. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	AgentType^c PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	OrganismType^c
Members	LifeForm Species

LifeLong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeLong

Description

''LifeLong'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last either during the ''Lifetime'' of an Organism, or during the remaining part of the Lifetime of an Organism ater some specified Event, such as ''LifeLong'' immunity after vaccination or a bout of infectious disease.

       NOTE: the WN synonym 'womb-to-womb' refers to the whole life period, but
         the examples are clearly attributes that are only acquired some time
         after birth, so 'continuing through life' only defines part of the meaning.
       NOTE that ''WholeLife'' can refer to Organisms or Devices, but this reference
          is only to the life of an Organism (@ToDo: should be differentiated).
       NOTE that ''Lifetime'' is the Event of an organism living for its entire life.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lifelong' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) lifelong, womb-to-tomb - (continuing through life; 'a lifelong friend';
            'from lifelong habit'; 'his lifelong study of Greek art')

Super-classes LastingForSomeTime^c

LifeScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeScience`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'life science' in WordNet: 1. (1) life science, bioscience - (any of the branches of natural science dealing with the structure and behavior of living organisms)`
Super-classes	NaturalScience^c
Sub-classes	Pathology^c Biology^c MedicalScience^c

LifeSized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeSized`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'life-sized' in Wordnet: 1. life-size, lifesize, life-sized, full-size - (being of the same size as an original; 'a life-size sculpture')`
Super-classes	Full-size^c

LifeSpan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeSpan`
Description	Each ''LifeSpan'' is the ''TimeInterval'' during which some organism remains alive or some ''Device'' continues to function adequately. This type is for the lifespan of an individual - birth to death time for that individual (Person or artifact). The ''expected life span' would be a statistical measure of the average ''LifeSpan'' of many objects of a particular type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifespan' in WordNet: 1. life, lifetime, life-time, lifespan - (the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death); 'the battery had a short life'; 'he lived a long and happy life')`
Super-classes	Difference^c NumericalDifference^c TimeDuration^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op only ExpirationDate^c hasFirstElement^op only CreationDate^c
Sub-classes	Afterlife^c

LifeStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeStage`
Description	LifeStage is a RelativeTime that specifies the stage of life that a living thing is in at any particular time. For example, a Plant may be in the seed or seedling stage; an animal may be in the egg or embryonic stage; a butterfly or moth may be in the caterpillar or pupa stage. `Meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. NOTE-1: This might be better represented as a ''PersistenState'', being the thing an animal 'does' while in that life stage. Needs more consideration. NOTE: this type in COSMO is not restricted to People - life stages of other animals and plants may be represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time of life' in WordNet: 1. (2) time of life - (a period of time during which a person is normally in a particular life state)`
Super-classes	LifeTimePart^c
Sub-classes	GestationPeriod^c MiddleAge^c AdultStage^c Puberty^c LarvalStage^c FinalLifeStage^c Childhood^c Infancy^c Youth^c PupalStage^c

LifeStageType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeStageType`
Description	LifeStageType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to organisms at particular stages of their life cycle. Instances of 'LifeStageType' are types which may represent time periods (the intervals of time during which an organism is in a specific stage), or the organism in that stage. `NOTE: this is an unusual usage of metatypes; the instances may be a subtype of one of two disjoint types. (Here, a TimeInterval may implicitly play a 'Role'. @ToDo - can this lead to problems?)`
Super-classes	RoleType^c
Members	InsectLarva LifeStage Infant MiddleAge FinalLifeStage Childhood HumanPreschooler TypicalAdultPerson Seed Youth NewbornAnimal JuvenilePerson Fetus Imago Embryo NewbornBaby Parenthood GrainSeed Tadpole Boyhood AdultStage Girl Children YoungHuman LarvalStage Lad HumanInfant CoffeeBean PrimeOfLife AdultAnimal Chigger HumanPreSchoolageChild Teenager HumanToddler EmbryoOrFetus Boy Seedling Child Grub HumanFetus PollenGrain HumanYouth Girlhood PupalStage Larva Maggot JuvenileAnimal Manhood HumanAdult GestationPeriod

LifeStyle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeStyle`
Description	A ''LifeStyle'' is the sum of ''MannerOfBehavior''s for a person or GroupOfPeople that is determined by their values and attitudes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifestyle ' in WordNet: 1. life style, life-style, lifestyle, modus vivendi - (a manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes)`
Super-classes	MannerOfBehavior^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value HabitualPreference^c
Sub-classes	ModestComfort^c Nomadism^c

LifeThreatening^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeThreatening

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'life-threatening' in Wordnet:
          1. dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, severe, life-threatening - (causing fear 
             or anxiety by threatening great harm; 'a dangerous operation'; 'a grave situation';
             'a grave illness'; 'grievous bodily harm'; 'a serious wound'; 
             'a serious turn of events'; 'a severe case of pneumonia'; 'a life-threatening disease')

Super-classes Ominous^c
Dangerous^c

LifeThreateningCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeThreateningCondition`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition. Each instance of #$LifeThreateningCondition is an ailment which, if left untreated, may cause the death of the organism afflicted by it. Specializations include #$Poisoning and #$Rabies.
Super-classes	DangerousSituation^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LifeThreatening^c mayCause^op value Death^c
Sub-classes	Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition^c Tuberculosis^c Syphilis^c COVID-19_Infection^c AnthraxInfection^c Rabies^c Septicemia^c Choking^c Anoxia^c SmallpoxInfection^c Asphyxiation^c Influenza^c Tetanus^c PoisoningCondition^c

LifeTimePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifeTimePart`
Description	A 'LifeTimePart' is a TimeInterval that is contemporary with the existence of some object, usually a person. This is therefore a RelativeTime, being referenced to the Event of something existing for some interval of time. This is not the experience of living (see 'living' and 'Experience', but a TimeInterval. This type is not a subtype of 'ProcessStage' because it can be any arbitrary part of a lifetime, and is not necessarily caused by some transition Event, as a ProcessStage must be. However, it does seem to be included in the sense 1 of WordNet 'stage'. This sense includes noun senses 6 and 9 of 'life' in WordNet, however it includes part of a lifetime as well as a full lifetime: This sense also includes WordNet sense 1 of 'stage' in WordNet: 6. (60) life - (the period between birth and the present time; 'I have known him all his life') 9. (44) life - (the period from the present until death; 'he appointed himself emperor for life') WN 'stage' noun phase, stage - (any distinct time period in a sequence of events; "we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected")
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	occurredEarlierThan^op value DeathTime^c occurredLaterThan^op value BirthTime^c
Sub-classes	LifeStage^c

Lifeguard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lifeguard`
Description	A ''Lifeguard'' is a ''Attender'' whose function is to stand guard at some location where ''Swimming'' is performed, as at a Beach or a swimming pool. `CYC: People who monitor other people in swimming pools or at beaches. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifeguard' in WordNet: 1. lifeguard, lifesaver - (an attendant employed at a beach or pool to protect swimmers from accidents)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Guard^c Attender^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value BeachorSwimmingPool^c

Lifeless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lifeless

Description

''Lifeless'' is a ''QualitativeAttribute'' characterizing places that have no evident living animal in it (though mice in the wall are not counted). This is usuallly used to refer to the absence of people, but this sense is more general, to refer also to natural locations that have no mammals.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lifeless' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) lifeless - (destitute or having been emptied of life or living beings; 
          'after the dance the littered and lifeless ballroom echoed hollowly')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Lifeline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lifeline`
Description	This ''Lifeline'' is a non-physical ''Support'' that is indispensible to a person for achieving something important. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lifeline' in WordNet: 2. lifeline - (support that enables people to survive or to continue doing something (often by providing an essential connection); 'the airlift provided a lifeline for Berlin'; 'she offered me a lifeline in my time of grief')`
Super-classes	Resource^c UsefulThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Essential^c

Lifesaving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lifesaving

Description

      No adj sense of  'lifesaving' in  WN. or RHUDEL (?!)
      Online dictionary:
        serving or intended to save a person's life, especially from illness or injury.
      Wiktionary:
        (uncommon) Alternative form of life-saving
        " The lifesaving surgery is expensive, but so is a funeral. "

Super-classes Helpful^c

LifesavingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LifesavingAction`
Description	A ''LifesavingAction'' is the provision of some form of emergency help that can and often does prevent the patient from dying. `Includes but is broader than (saving lives by any means) noun sense 1 of 'lifesaving' in WordNet: 1. lifesaving - (saving the lives of drowning persons; 'he took a course in lifesaving')`
Super-classes	ProvidingEmergencyRelief^c Rescuing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lifesaving^c prevents^op value Death^c

Lifetime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lifetime`
Description	'Lifetime' is the experience of Living throughout an organism's (usually an animal's) conscious life, from birth to death. This is not for the 'lifetime' of inanimate objects. NOTE: a Person during his/her lifetime is a time-slice of the 4D person, since in COSMO a Person is still a Person after death. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'lifetime' and sense 5 of 'life' in WordNet: 5. (107) life, lifetime, life-time, lifespan - (the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death); 'the battery had a short life'; 'he lived a long and happy life') WN noun 'living': 3. (1) animation, life, living, aliveness - (the condition of living or the state of being alive; 'while there's life there's hope'; 'life depends on many chemical and physical processes')`
Super-classes	Living^c
Restrictions	hasEndingSubEvent^op value Death^c hasSubEvent^op value Death^c hasStartingTimePoint^op only BirthTime^c hasEndingTimePoint^op only DeathTime^c hasSubEvent^op value BirthEvent^c
Sub-classes	LongLife^c EternalLife^c NewLife^c

LiftingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiftingDevice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifting device' in WordNet: 1. lifting device - (a device for lifting heavy loads)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c MechanicalDevice^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Raising^c
Sub-classes	ConstructionCrane^c Elevator^c

LiftingaBodyPart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiftingaBodyPart

Description

This ''LiftingaBodyPart'' has no specific sense in WordNet, but seems to be the main intended meaning of verb sense 3 of 'lift', which distinguishes that sense from other WNsenses of 'lift.

         Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'lift' in WordNet:
           3. (2) lift, raise - (move upwards; 'lift one's eyes')

Super-classes VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Raising^c

Ligament^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ligament

Description

Connecting tissue between bones.

      RHW: 1.  Anat., Zool. a band of tissue, usually white and fibrous,
        serving to connect bones, hold organs in place, etc.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ligament' in WordNet:
         1. (1) ligament - (a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue 
            connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs)

Super-classes AnimalBodyPart^c
ConnectiveTissue^c
InternalAnatomicalPart^c

LigandType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LigandType`
Description	A specialization of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies. Instances of #$LigandType are collections whose instances are substances capable of surrounding and bonding to a central metal ion, forming a metal complex (or simply complex). In forming a complex, the ligands are considered to coordinate to the metal.
Super-classes	ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType^c
Members	Hydroxylamine Ammonia Water

Light^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Light`
Description	''Light'' is a substype of ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' THe Energy contained in 'Light' is ''LightEnergy''. For the Event of radiating light, see 'LightPropagationEvent'. `The usual meaning of 'light' is the illumination that one sees,which would be represented in COSMO as a 'LightPropagationEvent'. But WordNet does not have these distinctions, so the energy form and radiation event are conflated in WN noun sense 1 of 'light': in WordNet: 1. (59) light, visible light, visible radiation - ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; 'the light was filtered through a soft glass window')`
Super-classes	ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Seeing^c
Sub-classes	VisibleLight^c ElectromagneticSpectrum^c CandleLight^c BlackLight^c SunLight^c PolarizedLight^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorsOfTheRainbow

Light-Duty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Light-Duty

Description

''Light-Duty'' is the Attribute of ''ArtifactObject''s that are less resistent to breakage or wear than ''Heavy-Duty'' Artifacts under the same conditions of use.

         Subtypes could be 'flimsy' or 'delicate'

       Close to parent ''Durable'' in meaning, but having a stronger construction than the typical
          Artifact of the same type.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'light-duty' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) light-duty - (not designed for heavy work; 'a light-duty detergent')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Delicate^c

Light-NotDark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Light-NotDark`
Description	Light is an AttributeValue of an Object or Place that has a low level of illumination, making it easy to see. This is not an attribute of a color. `Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'light' in WordNet: 6. (3) light - (characterized by or emitting light; 'a room that is light when the shutters are open'; 'the inside of the house was airy and light')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bright^c Unseen^c Supported^c Undetected^c Seen^c Illuminated^c

Light-NotHeavy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Light-NotHeavy`
Description	'Light-NotHeavy' is an AttributeValue of an Object that has a mass value less than the typical object of its class, or a 'density' (specific gravity) less than some reference comparison. This can be 'light' relative to a typical person's ability to pick something up - less than 20 pounds; or heavy relative to the typical instance of an ObjectType that is modified by the term. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'light' in WordNet: 1. (15) light - (of comparatively little physical weight or density; 'a light load'; 'magnesium is a light metal-having a specific gravity of 1.74 at 20 degrees C')`
Super-classes	ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute^c
Sub-classes	LowDensity^c Buoyant^c LighterThanAir^c

LightAperture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightAperture`
Description	A ''LightAperture'' is an ''Aperture'' that is a ''Device'' that is part of some some OpticalDevice that is designed to in some way affect the passage of light through it. This is most common in cameras where the aperture may or may not be adjustable. `The glass in microscopes or binoculars or eyeglasses or sunglasses does not qualify as an ''Aperture'' because is is not an opening in an otherwise impenetrable barrier to light passage. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'aperture' in WordNet: 3. aperture - (an man-made opening; usually small)`
Super-classes	Device^c Aperture^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some OpticalDevice^c
Sub-classes	CameraShutter^c

LightBeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightBeam`
Description	A LightBeam is an ElectromagneticRadiationEvent in which a narrow cross-section of light crosses some region of space. Same meaning as 'ray of light' except that 'ray' may be taken to mean visible light only, whereas 'LightBeam' includes any kind of ElectromagneticRadiation between infrared up to but not including gamma rays. The beam of light from a flashlight or a laser would be a LightBeam; a ray of sunlight light coming in a window (with defined edges) is also a LighBeam. `This includes 'light beams' that are passing through some transparent object, such as a prism or ''OpticalFiber''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'beam', sense 1 of 'ray' in WordNet: 3. (4) beam, beam of light, light beam, ray, ray of light, shaft, shaft of light, irradiation - (a column of light (as from a beacon))`
Super-classes	LightPropagationEvent^c
Sub-classes	SunBeam^c MoonBeam^c

LightBeer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightBeer`
Description	LightBeer is light in color, not in calories. This is the typical amber-colored beer that is commonly consumed, not the dark-colored beer that is also available. Neither is necessarily more bitter or stronger than the other.
Super-classes	Beer^c

LightBlue-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightBlue-Color`
Description	In Russian, dark blue and light blue are considered as different colors in a rainbow. LightBlue is termed 'goluboy' and dark blue 'siniy'.
Super-classes	CeruleanColor^c UltramarineColor^c Blue^c

LightBrown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightBrown`
Description	''LightBrown'' is the color of human ''HeadHair'' that is a less saturated ''"BrownColor''. Close in value to ''DarkBlondeColor''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'light brown' in WordNet: 1. (1) light brown - (a brown that is light but unsaturated)`
Super-classes	Brownish^c HairColorValue^c
Sub-classes	Ecru^c

LightBulbIncandescent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightBulbIncandescent`
Description	A bulb of glass or quartz enclosing material that incandesces or fluoresces when provided with current, thus generating light. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'light bulb' in Wordnet: 1. (2) light bulb, lightbulb, bulb, incandescent lamp, electric light, electric-light bulb - (electric lamp consisting of a transparent or translucent glass housing containing a wire filament (usually tungsten) that emits light when heated by electricity)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c LightEmittingComponent^c RigidObject^c ElectricalComponent^c SmallObject^c ElectricalLightingDevice^c BulbousObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Metal^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Glass^c

LightColored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightColored

Description

''LightColored'' is an attribute of objects with a color that will radiate reflected visible light at an intensity that is higher than the average intensity for objects under the same lighting conditions.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'light' in WordNet:
            2. (11) light, light-colored - ((used of color) having a relatively 
               small amount of coloring agent; 'light blue'; 'light colors such as pastels'; 
               'a light-colored powder')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LightEmissionPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightEmissionPhenomenon`
Description	A ''NaturalPhenomenon'' (an Event) in which Light is emitted by some process other than the familiar ways that Objects emit light from ''ArtifactObject''s.
Super-classes	NaturalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	emits^op value VisibleLight^c
Sub-classes	LightningEvent^c LightningFlash^c Aurora^c Rainbow^c

LightEmittingComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightEmittingComponent`
Description	A ''LightEmittingComponent'' is a generic type for small electric-powered objects designed to be part of other objects, and to serve as a light-emitting element in the larger Device, for the purpose of illuminating some area. This can be of any kind - an incandescent light bulb, a fluorescent light bulb, a light-emitting diode, a neon light, or even an arc(?). `But the screen of a display device does not qualify, as its purpose is not for illumination.`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c SmallObject^c ElectricalLightingDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf some ElectricalLightingDevice^c hasDesignFunction^op value IlluminatingSomething^c
Sub-classes	LightEmittingDiode^c LightBulbIncandescent^c FluorescentLightBulb^c

LightEmittingDiode^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightEmittingDiode

Description

A diode that emits significant light (at theP-N junction).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'light-emitting diode' in Wordnet:
          1. light-emitting diode, LED - (diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional
            to the bias current; color depends on the material used)

Super-classes ManufacturedGoods^c
LightEmittingComponent^c
SmallObject^c
RigidObject^c
ElectricalComponent^c
ElectricalLightingDevice^c

LightEmittingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightEmittingObject`
Description	A 'LightEmittingObject' is a PhysicalObject that emits light (or often emits light, or is an artifact designed to emit light, whether due to reflection or internal light-emitting processes. `NOTE that the 'LightPropagationEvent' in which this type of Object participates can be a 'ShiningByReflection'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'shiner' in WordNet, but that sense does not include many other light-emitting objects as subtypes: in WordNet: 2. shiner - (something that shines (with emitted or reflected light))`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	wasTheMainParticipantIn^op value LightPropagationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Firework-PyrotechnicDevice^c Laser^c Sparkler^c LightFixture^c Star^c Flare^c LightingDevice^c

LightEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightEnergy`
Description	Energy contained in any ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' (including ''Light''). This can be transformed into other forms of Energy such as electrical energy (''Electricity'') in ''SolarCell''s.
Super-classes	Energy^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op value ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c
Sub-classes	SolarEnergy^c

LightFixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightFixture`
Description	A ''LightFixture'' is a Fixture that gives off light that emanates from a candle, gas flame, or an electrical lighting device. This includes fancy wall sconces and chandeliers as well as simple ceiling lights or cabinet or closet lights. COSMO note: The SUMO definition, not requiring the light to be fixed to a structure, is satisfied by the 'LightingDevice' Type. This Type is more specific, for (more or less) permanently installed fixtures designed to give light, such as a chandelier attached to the ceiling or a wall light.. NOTE that a fixture is a 'Protrusion' from a wall or ceiling, or floor. The relation specifies that the Fastener (connector) used is typically a Screw. SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is to be a source of visible light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lighting fixture' in WordNet: 1. lighting fixture - (a fixture providing artificial light)
Super-classes	Protrusion^c Fixture^c LightEmittingObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyConnectedBy^op value Screw-Connector^c
Sub-classes	Chandelier^c ElectricLightFixture^c

LightIntensityMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightIntensityMeasure`
Description	''LightIntensityMeasure'' is a ''WaveIntensityMeasure'' in which the 'wave' is a ''Light'' wave.
Super-classes	Amplitude^c WaveIntensityMeasure^c

LightObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightObject`
Description	A 'LightObject' is a SolidObject that is ''Light-NotHeavy'', .easy to pick up and hold with one hand; this implies a maximum weight of 200 grams. This can be modified when there is a need, or a class with a higher or lower maximum can be created. A ''LightObject'' can be held in one hand.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Light-NotHeavy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Light-NotHeavy^c
Sub-classes	Feather^c

LightOliveBrown-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightOliveBrown-Color`
Description
Super-classes	CamelColor^c KhakiColor^c MustardColor^c BrownColor^c
Sub-classes	Brown-EyeColor^c

LightPath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightPath`
Description	A ''LightPath'' is the Line over which some beam (ray) or photon of light travels or has traveled (not just 'can travel'). Without external influece this would normally be 'straight' in the sense of following the curvature of spacetime itself, but the line can be bent by various influences, including gravity, refraction, reflection, `This Path is 'directed' because in this is not just a potential path for light (as in an optical fiber), but a path over which some light beam is now passing or has passed.` @mod53
Super-classes	Line^c SpaceLine-Empirical^c Path-Spatial^c DirectedPathSystem^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value LightBeam^c

LightPropagationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightPropagationEvent`
Description	This is the collection of events consisting of the propogation of electromagnetic radiation in the visible or near-visible (e.g. infrared) spectrum (''VisibleLight''), and associated with photons, a particle which lacks rest mass. Somewhat paradoxically, light has both a wavelike and a particle-like nature. This is a state of 'light' being present somewhere. ('The south facing room had lovely light all day long') The radiation one sees that illuminates objects and makes them visible is represented in COSMO by this type. For 'light' as a form of energy, use 'Light'. The usual meaning of 'light' is the illumination that one sees,which is be represented in COSMO as a 'LightPropagationEvent'. But WordNet does not make the distinctions between this type of 'light' and light as a form of energy, so the energy form and radiation event are conflated in WN noun sense 1 of 'light'; the energy form is represented by 'Light' in COSMO; WN sense 10 of light' is also approximate, but seems to imply abundant lighting, which is included by not necessary for the COSMO 'LightPropagationEvent'. The WN sense 2 of 'illumination' is only approximately close to this sense, as the WN sense seems to focus on degree of illumination rather than merely the state of light existing in WordNet: 1. (59) light, visible light, visible radiation - ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; 'the light was filtered through a soft glass window') 10. (2) light, lighting - (having abundant light or illumination; 'they played as long as it was light'; 'as long as the lighting was good')
Super-classes	ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value VisibleLight^c produces^op value VisibleLight^c
Sub-classes	Scene^c ShiningByReflection^c ShiningLight^c Meteor^c FlashOfLight^c LightBeam^c IlluminatingSomethingAction^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightFromJupiterObservedByPat

LightStress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightStress`
Description	Each ''LightStress'' is a ''SyllableStress'' in a word that signifies that the ''Syllable'' is pronounced noticeably softer and shorter than a ''Syllable'' with a ''HeavyStress'.
Super-classes	SyllableStress^c

LightYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightYear`
Description	'isEquivalentTo' 5.88 trillion miles Corresponds to part (not the unit of measure) noun sense 1 of 'light year' in WordNet: 1. (1) light year, light-year - (the distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1 year; 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion kilometers)
Super-classes	LengthMeasure^c

LightedBirthdayCandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightedBirthdayCandle`
Description	A ''LightedBirthdayCandle'' is a ''BurningObject''' that is a ''BirthdayCandle'' on a ''BirthdayCake'' that has been lighted as part of the ''BirthdayCelebration''.
Super-classes	BurningObject^c LightedCandle^c BirthdayCandle^c
Restrictions	isOnTopOf^op value BirthdayCake^c

LightedCandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightedCandle`
Description	A ''LightedCandle'' is a ''BurningObject'' that is a ''Candle'' of any type, oriented (mostly) vertically with a wick burning on top of it. For the purpose of this type, the 'flame' (represented as a ''CandleFlameObject'') is considered as part of the ''LightedCandle''.
Super-classes	BurningObject^c Candle^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasOrientation^op value Vertical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c emits^op value CandleLight^c hasPhysicalPart^op value CandleFlameObject^c
Sub-classes	LightedBirthdayCandle^c

LighterThanAir^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LighterThanAir

Description

''LighterThanAir'' is an attribute of objects that have a density less than that of Air'' (if precision is needed, Air at room temperature and pressure).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lighter than air' in Wordnet:
         1. lighter-than-air - (relating to a balloon or other aircraft 
           that flies because it weighs less than the air it displaces)

Super-classes Light-NotHeavy^c

LighterThanAirCraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LighterThanAirCraft`
Description	A specialization of #$AirTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$LighterThanAirCraft is an air transportation device that depends on lighter-than-air gaseous substances for lift. Notable specializations of #$LighterThanAirCraft include #$WeatherBalloon and #$BlimpTheAirship. `Some but not all ''LighterThanAirCraft'' are also ''InflatableContainer''s. Some hot-air balloons are not inflatable, and some airships that use Helium actually have an external frame with the inflatable containers inside, so the whole airship does not expand in volume when the internal conatainers are filled..`
Super-classes	AirTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LighterThanAir^c
Sub-classes	Blimp^c WeatherBalloon^c

Lightheaded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lightheaded

Description

NOTE: being ''Lightheaded'' can have several levels of intensity, and duration, from a brief feeling that one might lose one's balance to an intensifying feeling that one is losing consciousness. Those levels are not distinguished here. Perhaps distinctions will allow logical implications that are not true of all levels.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lightheaded' in Wordnet:
         1. faint, light, swooning, light-headed, lightheaded -
            (weak and likely to lose consciousness; 'suddenly felt faint from the pain'; 
            'was sick and faint from hunger'; 'felt light in the head'; 'a swooning fit';
            'light-headed with wine'; 'light-headed from lack of sleep')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Lightheadedness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lightheadedness`
Description	''Lightheadedness'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' and a ''Feeling'' in which a Person loses full alertness, with some deeling that s/he may lose balance and fall, or in intense cases, lose consciousness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faintness' in WordNet: 1. faintness - (a feeling of faintness and of being ready to swoon)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c Feeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Lightheaded^c

Lighthearted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lighthearted

Description

NOT ''Serious'' and not ''Sober'': 'Lighthearted' is an attribute of people or events characterizing the manner in which people behave, specifically behaving as though the thing they are doing is unimportant, often behaving frivolously and treating the action lightly and without concern; not 'Somber'. This can be applied to a manner of behaving on a specific occasion, or to a habitual disposition of a person.

      Includes part of sense 1 of 'lighthearted' in  WordNet, but does not necessarily 
        include being 'happy' or 'cheerful', this merely means that the action
        is not considered of great consequence by the actor thus characterized;
        this type also includes 'frivolous' and 'jocular' and 'joking' though 
        those might be represented by a separate subtype:.
      in WordNet:
        1. (1) blithe, blithesome, lighthearted, lightsome, light-hearted - -
           (carefree and happy and lighthearted; 'was loved for her blithe spirit';
           'a merry blithesome nature'; 'her lighthearted nature';
           'trilling songs with a lightsome heart')
        WN adjective 'frivolous':
         1. (3) frivolous - (not serious in content or attitude or behavior;
           'a frivolous novel'; 'a frivolous remark'; 'a frivolous young woman')
       WN adjective 'jocular':
         1. (2) jesting, jocose, jocular, joking - (characterized by jokes and good humor)

Super-classes Carefree^c

Lighthouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lighthouse`
Description	CYC: The collection of lighthouses. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lighthouse' in WordNet: 1. beacon, lighthouse, beacon light, pharos - (a tower with a light that gives warning of shoals to passing ships)`
Super-classes	Building^c Tower^c
Restrictions	emits^op value WarningSignal^c hasPhysicalPart^op value LightingDevice^c emits^op value VisibleLight^c

LightingArrangement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightingArrangement`
Description	A ''LightingArrangement'' is an OrderedGroup of two or more ''LightingDevice''s, set in a particular arrangment by an IntelligentAgent to achieve a certain type of lighting effect. This is what is used on stages and movie sets, and elsewhere. A group of lights in a house that are used in common (such as a group of ceiling lights) is also an instance. This is a subtype of 'Arrangement'in WordNet. For stage or set lighting,subtypes of this type can be created. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'lighting' in WordNet: 2. (2) lighting - (apparatus for supplying artificial light effects for the stage or a film)`
Super-classes	Arrangement^c OrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value IlluminatingSomethingAction^c hasComponentElement^op only LightingDevice^c

LightingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightingDevice`
Description	$LightingDevice is a specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$LightingDevice has the #$primaryFunction of providing light. The light provided may be provided in different ways and for different specialized purposes. For example, it may be for general illumination of a fixed area (as by instances of #$Candle, #$Lantern, #$ElectricLamp, and #$Streetlight); or it may be for specially directed illumination (as by instances of #$AutomotiveLight and #$Flashlight); or it may be for use in a signal or sign (as by instances of #$TrafficLight and #$IndicatorLight); or it may be for some other special purposes (as by instances of #$StrobeLight). This also includes lasers. COSMO note: not all 'LightingDevice's function to illuminate other objects; @ToDo: perhaps that kind of device (lamp, flashlight) should be a subtype? SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is to be a source of visible light. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'light' in WordNet: 2. (23) light, light source - (any device serving as a source of illumination; 'he stopped the car and turned off the lights')
Super-classes	UsefulSource^c SelfPoweredDevice^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c LightEmittingObject^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value EmittingLight^c hasDesignFunction^op value IlluminatingSomething^c isaSourceOf^op value Light^c
Sub-classes	Lantern^c LightingEquipment^c Candle^c ElectricalLightingDevice^c SmallCandle^c Lamp^c

LightingEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightingEquipment`
Description	'''LightingEquipment'' is a ''LightingDevice'' that is a Group of one or more ''LightingDevice''s used for some ''IlluminatingSomethingAction'' - lighting up an Object or area,such as part of a stage or movie set or room or stadium. For ''lightingequipment'' placed in a specific orderly arrangment, use ''LightingArrangement''. NOTE that ''LightingEquipent'' is a ''LightingDevice'' and also a Group of ''LightingDevice''s,so this type ignores the relations of the component ''LightingDevice''s to each other and represents only the physical objects. Representing the arrangement would be a different type (e.g. an ''Arrangement'').. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'lighting' in WordNet: 2. (2) lighting - (apparatus for supplying artificial light effects for the stage or a film)
Super-classes	LightingDevice^c Apparatus^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some LightingDevice^c
Sub-classes	BacklightingEquipment^c

LightingUpaRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightingUpaRoom`
Description	''LightingUpaRoom'' is an ''Action'' performed by some Object providing ''Light'' such as one or more ''LightingDevice''s or ''Window''s that allows light into an interior space.
Super-classes	Action^c IlluminatingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Illuminated^c hasDirectObject^op value Room^c

LightlyStressedSyllable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightlyStressedSyllable`
Description	A ''LightlyStressedSyllable'' is a ''StressedSyllable'' having a ''LightStress''
Super-classes	StressedSyllable^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LightStress^c

LightningCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightningCurrent`
Description	Each 'LightningCurrent' process is the process of current flowing during a LightningEvent.
Super-classes	ElectricCurrent^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op value LightningEvent^c hasCorrespondingEvent^op value LightningEvent^c

LightningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightningEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$Emission and #$ImmediateWeatherProcess. In each instance of #$LightningEvent, a flashing of light is produced by the discharge of atmospheric electricity. This is the flash together with its subevents, particularly the ''LightningFlash'' and ''Thunder'',considered as one Event. This representation assumes that all 'LightningEvent''s cause ''Thunder'' even if it is not heard by any people. The WN synset 'thunderbolt, bolt, bolt of lightning' is most applicable to this type as the complete Event, though 'thunderbolt' seems intuitively as though it is the sound. But both the light emission (''LightningFlash') and the ''Thunder' sound are separable phenomena, though they are treated as subevents of this type.. However, 'bolt of lightning' is also used as a label for the ''LightningFlash''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lightning' in WordNet: 1. (8) lightning - (abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light) WN noun 'lightning'': 1. (2) thunderbolt, bolt, bolt of lightning - (a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder)
Super-classes	OpticalPhenomenon^c Emission^c LightEmissionPhenomenon^c ElectricalEvent^c ImmediateWeatherProcess^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingProcess^op value LightningCurrent^c hasSubEvent^op value LightningFlash^c hasSubEvent^op value Thunder^c

LightningFlash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightningFlash`
Description	A 'FlashOfLight' caused by a 'LightningEvent'. The air-to-ground-to-air flash is often jagged, and is depicted symbolically by a vertical zig-zag line. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lightning' and part of WN noun 'bolt of lightning' in WordNet: 2. (3) lightning - (the flash of light that accompanies an electric discharge in the atmosphere (or something resembling such a flash); can scintillate for a second or more) WN noun 'lightning'': 1. (2) thunderbolt, bolt, bolt of lightning - (a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder)`
Super-classes	LightEmissionPhenomenon^c FlashOfLight^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value LightningEvent^c

Lightweight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lightweight

Description

This sense of ''Lightweight'' is for a Person with little influence or whose inellectual contributions in some field are minor and unimportant.

       For 'lightweight' meaning having low density, use ''LowDensity''.
       RHW 'lightweight':
         3. without seriousness of purpose; trivial or trifling: 
               lightweight reading.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lightweight' in Wordnet:
          1. lightweight - (having no importance or influence; 'a lightweight intellect')

Super-classes Unimportant^c

Lignite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lignite

Description

A form of ''Coal'' that has some organic material other than pure carbon.

        RHW: a soft coal, usually dark brown, often having a distinct woodlike texture,
          and intermediate in density and carbon content between peat and bituminous coal.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lignite' in WordNet:
          1. (4) lignite, brown coal, wood coal - (intermediate between peat and bituminous coal)

Super-classes Coal^c

LikeMinded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LikeMinded

Description

''LikeMinded'' describes a Group of two or more people who have similar opinions on some one or more specific topic(s).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'like-minded' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) like-minded - (of the same turn of mind)

Super-classes Similar^c

Likelihood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Likelihood`
Description	A ''Likelihood'' is a ''Chance'' that is greater than 50% (greater than a ;Chance'') of some ''FutureSituation''. This includes a range of possible values, all greater than 0.5 and less than 0.99. Verbally this can go from a 'modest likelihood' (about 0.5) to a 'good likelhood' (more than .7). But less than a ''Certainty''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'likelihood' in WordNet: 1. (2) likelihood, likeliness - (the probability of a specified outcome)`
Super-classes	Chance^c Probability^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.5^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.99^c

Liking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liking`
Description	A PersistentState in which one person is Fond of another person, or has a tendency to enjoy some experience. The object can be a person, inanimate object, or type of Event. `This Action type is only subtly different from the Feeling of Affection: To 'like' something is to experience Affection (fondness) toward that thing. 'LikingEvent' is also represented by the relation 'likes' which specifies what agent likes what thing. The relation needs an @FOL representation. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'like' in WordNet: 3. (19) like - (be fond of; 'I like my nephews')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Friendliness^c GoodWill^c
Sub-classes	PersonalAffinity^c Affection^c Admiration^c Preferring^c

LikingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LikingEvent`
Description	Each 'LikingEvent' is a StaticSituation that is also an Action (it is a Perceiving being performed by an IntentionalAgent), in which some perceptions of an IntentionalAgent are causing a Feeling of 'Pleasure', as well as a feeling of 'Liking'. NOTE, however, that a 'Liking' is not necessarily caused by a 'Perceiving'. The something perceived could be a work of art, a performance, being with another person, participating in some activity, or any other thing. A more intense form of 'liking' is the subtype 'Enjoying'. A result of a ''LikingEvent'' may be a 'Liking' (a feeling of liking something) or more specifically, an 'Affection' (a liking of a Person). 'LikingEvent' is also represented by the relation 'enjoys' which specifies what agent likes what thing. The relation needs an @FOL representation. For the generic relation in which one wants to assert that a person habitually likes or tends to like some kind of thing, use 'likes'. For the sense in which a person likes another person (an Emotion) use 'Affection' or Fondness. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'like' in WordNet: 2. (73) like - (find enjoyable or agreeable; 'I like jogging'; 'She likes to read Russian novels')
Super-classes	StaticSituation^c Perceiving^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Liking^c alwaysCauses^op value Pleasure^c
Sub-classes	Enjoying^c

LilacBush^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LilacBush

Description

A bush on which lilac flowers bloom.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lilac' in WordNet:
        1. (3) lilac - (any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers)

Super-classes FloweringPlant^c
Bush^c

LilacColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LilacColor

Description

The color of the flowers of the common variety of lilac bush. There are also white lilac bushes.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lilac' in WordNet:
        1. (1) lavender, lilac, lilac-colored - (of a pale purple color)

Super-classes Purple^c

LilacPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LilacPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lilac' in WordNet: 1. (3) lilac - (any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers)`
Super-classes	Bush^c

Lily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lily`
Description	In WN, a Genus: `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lily' in WordNet: 1. lily - (any liliaceous plant of the genus Lilium having showy pendulous flowers)`
Super-classes	LilyOrder^c
Sub-classes	AlliaceousPlant^c

LilyOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LilyOrder`
Description
Super-classes	MonocotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Crocus^c OnionPlant^c Yucca^c Narcissus^c Lily^c

Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limb-AnimalBodyPart`
Description	$Limb-AnimalBodyPart is a specialization of #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart and an instance of #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType. Each instance of #$Limb-AnimalBodyPart is a bilaterally symmetric #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart that extends from the #$Trunk-BodyCore; including #$Arm, #$Leg, #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart, #$Flipper, and pectoral #$Fin. A #$Finger, #$Toe, #$Hand, #$Tail-BodyPart, ... is not a #$Limb-AnimalBodyPart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limb' in WordNet: 1. (6) limb - (one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper)
Super-classes	Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Flipper^c Leg^c Arm^c ForeArm^c

LimbPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimbPart`
Description	A ''limbPart'' is any part of a ''Limb'' (bodypart)
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	UpperArm^c

LimbType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimbType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that point to a type of ''Limb-AnimalBodyPart".
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPartType^c
Members	Arm LeftHumanArm Fist CuppedHand HumanFoot LimbPart Foot ForeArm Leg BothArms UpperArm RightHumanArm Hand

Limber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limber`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'limber' in Wordnet: 3. limber, supple - ((used of persons' bodies) capable of moving or bending freely)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Lime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lime`
Description	A Fruit that is produced by a LimeTree, having a multiply indented but shiny skin, and a lime-green color. `Corresponds to sense 6 of 'lime' in WordNet: 6. lime - (the green acidic fruit of any of various lime trees)`
Super-classes	BallLikeObject^c EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value LimeTree^c

LimeJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimeJuice`
Description	''LimeJuice'' is a 'SourTasting'' ''Juice'' made by crushing ''Lime''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lime juice' in WordNet: 1. lime juice - (usually freshly squeezed juice of limes)`
Super-classes	LimeOrLemonJuice^c FoodIngredientOnly^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Lime^c hasTaste^op value SourTasting^c

LimeOrLemonJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimeOrLemonJuice`
Description	''LimeOrLemonJuice'' is a type that simly includes both ''LimeJice'' and ''LemonJuice'', reated to simplify definitions of things that may involve either ''LimeJuice'' or ''LemonJuice''.
Super-classes	FruitJuice^c
Sub-classes	LemonJuice^c LimeJuice^c

LimeTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimeTree

Description

A tree that grows limes.

    Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'lime' and sense 1 of 'lime tree' in WordNet:
      4. lime, lime tree, Citrus aurantifolia -
         (any of various related trees bearing limes)

Super-classes CitrusFruitTree^c
FruitTree^c

Limelight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limelight`
Description	This sense of ''Limelight'' is the state of a Person who is very ''Prominent'' and is often the subject of public attention. `This is usually encountered in phrases light 'in the limelight', where the 'limelight' itself could be interpreted as 'public attention'.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limelight' in WordNet: 1. limelight, spotlight, glare, public eye - (a focus of public attention; 'he enjoyed being in the limelight'; 'when Congress investigates it brings the full glare of publicity to the agency')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Perceptible^c

Limestone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limestone`
Description	A type of stone consisting mostly of calcium carbonate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limestone' in WordNet: 1. limestone - (a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals)`
Super-classes	SedimentaryStone^c
Sub-classes	Marble-Stone^c Chalk^c

Limit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limit`
Description	This sense of 'Limit' is a specific sense, being a MeasurableQuantity (which can be a dimensionless ratio) that is a maximium or minimum value for some 'QuantitativeAttributeValue' of something in some situation. Each instance of 'Limit' may specify the actual quantitative value, and may have relations to things other than the specific thing limited; it points to the cause of the limit (authoritative decree or physical constraint), and the situation in which the limit applies, as well as the magnitude and units of the limit itself. This is a broad sense of 'limit' and more specific types will have the possible relations restricted. See the specialized ObjectProperties that have 'Limit' as the domain'. Includes noun senses 1, 4, 5 and 6 of 'limit' in WordNet: 1. (24) limit, bound, boundary - (the greatest possible degree of something; 'what he did was beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior'; 'to the limit of his ability') 4. (1) limit - (as far as something can go) 5. limit, limit point, point of accumulation - (the mathematical value toward which a function goes as the independent variable approaches infinity) 6. limit, limitation - (the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed; 'there are limits on the amount you can bet'; 'it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight')
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PeakValue^c LimitingValue^c LegalSpeedLimit^c
In domain of	isaLimitOnAttributeType^op hasLimitedSituation^op limitValueIsMaxMinRange^op hasReasonforLimit^op hasLimitValue^op
In range of	hasLimit^op causesLimit^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeedOfLight

Limitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limitation`
Description	'Limitation' is a form of negative Capability, i.e. it is an inability to do something. There are three parts to a 'Limitation', related by specific relations: 1. For externally imposed Limitations (see the subtype 'Restraint') it includes (by reference) the Rule (e.g. 'Restriction') or Condition that causes the constraint; use: 'isEstablishedByRuleOrCondition' a Restraint is an externally imposed Limitation, as contrasted with an internal Limitation, which can include an internal inability due simply to lack of physical capability for some Action. See 'Inability' For internally imposed Limitations, the Condition can be a a limit on some quantitative ability - e.g. an inability of individual people to jump more than a certain height. 2. The type of restraint: a law, parental rule, law of nature, or even a moral inhibition. use : 'isaLimitationOfType' 3. The Action which one is restrained from performing. use: 'isaLimitationOnActionOrRight' In cases where a 'Limitation' causes a 'Limit' on the value of some Attribute, relate that 'Limit' to the Limitation by the specialized relation 'causesLimit'. The 'Limit' will have other relations to elaborate on what is limited to that value(s). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'limitation' and includes noun sense 1 of 'constraint' in WordNet (the WordNet synonym 'restriction' is considered as a more specific externally imposed Limitation. in WordNet: 2. (3) limitation - (the quality of being limited or restricted; 'it is a good plan but it has serious limitations') WN noun 'constraint': 1. constraint, restraint - (the state of being physically constrained; 'dogs should be kept under restraint')
Super-classes	Hindrance^c Capability^c
Restrictions	isaLimitationOfType^op some owl:Thing^c isaLimitationOnActionOrRight^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c or Right^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Inability^c Restraint^c LimitingValue^c Weaker^c RegionLimitation^c
In domain of	limitsPropertyToValue^op
In range of	establishesLimitation^op

LimitationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimitationType`
Description	LimitationType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Limitation as their argument.
Super-classes	CapabilityType^c
Members	Obligation Limitation BearingPunishment

Limited^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limited`
Description	''Limited'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to a ''Limit'' and to things that limit any Action or attribute, such as Rules that limit the kind of Activity that a Person can perform or where when Actions can be performed. `Corresponds to adjective sense of 'limited' in Wordnet: 2. (5) circumscribed, limited - (subject to limits or subjected to limits)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unrestricted^c Constrained^c Qualified-Limited^c

LimitedAccess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimitedAccess`
Description	The attribute describing the security level of objects to which access is restricted in some way. Kinds of #$LimitedAccess include #$Locked, #$PhysicallyRestricted, and #$PasswordProtected.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LimitedLiability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimitedLiability`
Description	''LimitedLiability'' is a ''Liability'' that is limited,in contrast to unlimited liability, which could lead to bankruptcy if a Person is found liable for some 'tort'. `This is used in the technical sense for legal lilability of a Corporation (an 'LLC'), not for more common-sense potential interpretations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limited liability' in WordNet: 1. limited liability - (the liability of a firm's owners for no more than the capital they have invested in the firm)`
Super-classes	FinancialLiability^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c

Limiting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limiting

Description

''Limiting'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to a ''Limit'' and to things that limit any Action or attribute.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'limiting' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) confining, constraining, constrictive, limiting, restricting -
            (restricting the scope or freedom of action)
       WN adj 'restrictive': 
         1. (1) restrictive - (serving to restrict; 
             'teenagers eager to escape restrictive home environments')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LimitingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimitingAction`
Description	Each ''LimitingAction'' is a 'Reduction' in the degree of freedom for some object to act, or some QuantitativeAttributeValue to change. This type is more general than ''Restricting'', which is a manner of ''LimitingAction'' by creating a Rule. ''Limiting'' is an Action that reduces Freedom by any means, `For limiting freedom by''MakingaRule'' use the subtype ''Restricting'' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'limit' (not involving ''MakingaRule''') in WordNet: 1. (23) restrict, restrain, trammel, limit, bound, confine, throttle - (place limits on (extent or access); 'restrict the use of this parking lot'; 'limit the time you can spend with your friends')`
Super-classes	Restricting^c Reduction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Limited^c hadReducedEntity^op some (Range^c or Freedom^c or Limit^c or Change^c or GoalType^c)
Sub-classes	Enclosing^c LimitingCompetition^c BlockingAction^c StuntingGrowth^c

LimitingCompetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimitingCompetition`
Description	''LimitingCompetition'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restraint of trade' in WordNet: 1. restraint of trade - (any act that tends to prevent free competition in business)`
Super-classes	LimitingAction^c
Restrictions	isaLimitationOnActionOrRight^op value CommercialCompetition^c

LimitingValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimitingValue`
Description	A mathematical concept: the limit of some dependent quantity as another related quantity approaches infinity. `NOTE: this may be used to represent a 'limit' on the value of some ''PhysicalAttribute'' that is limited in value due to some physical factors that may or may not be expressible as a limit of a mathematical function Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'limit' in WordNet: 5. limit, limit point, point of accumulation - (the mathematical value toward which a function goes as the independent variable approaches infinity)`
Super-classes	Limit^c Limitation^c Peak^c
Sub-classes	TerminalVelocity^c

Limonite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limonite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limonite' in WordNet: 1. limonite - (a widely occurring iron oxide ore; a mixture of goethite and hematite and lepidocrocite)`
Super-classes	IronOre^c

Limousine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limousine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limousine' in WordNet: 1. limousine, limo - (large luxurious car; usually driven by a chauffeur)`
Super-classes	Automobile^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Luxurious^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c isTypicallyControlledBy^op value Chauffeur^c

Limp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limp

Description

Limp is an attribute of objects that have little resistance to bending, and when held by one end in gravity, the middle will already be bent downward. This is the property of string, and is the opposite of 'Rigid'. This is strictly for the physical property of inanimate objects, not for metaphorical uses like 'limp handshake'.

     Something 'limp' tends to bend more than something ''Floppy''.


     Includes parts of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'limp' ('not firm',
        'lacking in firmness') in Wordnet:
        1. (3) flaccid, lax, limp, slack - (lacking in strength or firmness or resilience; 
          'flaccid muscles'; 'took his lax hand in hers'; 'gave a limp handshake';
          'a limp gesture as if waving away all desire to know' G.K.Chesterton; 'a slack grip')
        2. (3) limp, wilted - (not firm; 'wilted lettuce')

Super-classes Floppy^c

LimpObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LimpObject`
Description	A LimpObject is a PhysicalObject that is Limp. A 'PieceOfString' would be the prototype of a LimpObject.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Limp^c hasTendency^op value TendencyToDroop^c
Sub-classes	StringOrLine^c PieceOfCloth^c

Limping^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Limping

Description

Any impaired form of locomotion due to damage to the locomotion appendage used in the locomotion.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'limp' in WordNet:
          1. (3) limp, gimp, hobble, hitch - 
             (walk impeded by some physical limitation or injury; 
             'The old woman hobbles down to the store every day')
       WN noun 'limp':
         1. hitch, hobble, limp - (the uneven manner of walking that results from an injured leg)

Super-classes HumanWalkingProcess^c

Line^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Line`
Description	CYC A specialization of both #$OneDimensionalGeometricThing and #$Path-Generic (q.v.). Each instance of #$Line is a one-dimensional geometrically-describable path, either curved or straight, through one-, two-, or higher-dimensional space. Examples include spatially localized objects (such as the equator) as well as abstract lines. Specializations of #$Line include #$Line-Straight, #$Line-Directed, and #$Arc. For the PhysicalObject 'line' use ''StringOrLine'' or a subtype like ''Cord''. COSMO note: for one-dimensional lines in our real universe, use the subtype 'SpaceLine-Empirical'. BFO: OneDimensionalRegion': Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with one dimension. BFO: Examples: the part of space that is a line stretching from one end of absolute space to the other, an edge of a cube-shaped part of space. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'line' in WordNet: 4. (13) line - (a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point)
Super-classes	LongAndThinObject^c Line-Generic^c Path-Generic^c OneDimensionalGeometricThing^c Region^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c
Sub-classes	LightPath^c SpaceLine^c Arc^c GeographicalLine-Intangible^c BoundaryLine^c Semicircle^c Traversal^c Outline^c ContourLine^c StraightLine^c
In domain of	isParallelToLine^op
In range of	isParallelToLine^op

Line-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Line-Generic`
Description	CYC: The collection of lines, broadly construed. Unlike #$Line, This collection is agnostic as to whether instances are actually #$OneDimensionalGeometricThings or simply near approximations of such (e.g. #$LineOfDemarcationForSportsArea). Instances of this collection are spatially continuous and linear in shape.
Super-classes	SpatiallyContinuousThing^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c
Sub-classes	Cleavage^c Line^c LineOnaSurface^c LineOfObjects^c

LineBacker^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineBacker

Description

A ''LineBacker'' is a ''FootballPler who plays on the defense in a Football game by being behind the line of scrimmage when the ball is 'snapped' at the start of a play, i.e. is not a ''FootballLineman'' at the time of that play (though may be at a different time).

       Includes both  noun senses 1 and 2 of 'linebacker' in WordNet:
         1. (1) linebacker, line backer - (a defensive football player who takes a position 
             close behind the linemen)
         2. linebacker, line backer - (the position of a defensive football player 
           who plays close behind the line of scrimmage)

Super-classes FootballPlayer^c

LineDrawing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineDrawing`
Description	A ''LineDrawing''is a Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) that is composed of lines rather than brush strokes, as in a Painting, or an imaged Scene, as in a Photograph. A 'Drawing' may be quite complex, almost as complex as a painting, but must consist only of lines without any filled-in areas. The number of Lines can be as few as one. `An ''Engraving'' is also composed of lines, but the lines on a printed ''Engraving'' are the reverse image of the lines drawn on the engraving block, so that is not quite a subtype of ''LineDrawing'' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'line drawing' in WordNet: 1. delineation, depiction, limning, line drawing - (a drawing of the outlines of forms or objects)`
Super-classes	Drawing-Depiction^c Picture^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	CartoonStrip^c Cartoon^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WitchDroodle

LineIntersection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineIntersection`
Description	A ''LineIntersection'' is a ''GenericIntersection''' in which the things that intersect are ''Line''s that can be abstract geometrical objects or makings on a surface. For the physical lines on a surface, the intersection will be only approximately a 'point' and will have some finite width, but viewed in the whole context it will appear and be interpretable as a point. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intersection' in WordNet: 1. (10) intersection, intersection point, point of intersection - (a point where lines intersect)`
Super-classes	GenericIntersection^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some Line-Generic^c

LineOfCredit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineOfCredit`
Description	Each ''LineOfCredit'' is an ''Account'' with some ''IntelligentAgent'' that allows one to draw money or its equivalent without having previously transferred that money to the Account provider - thereby creating or increasing a Debt to the Account Provider. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'line of credit' and includes noun sense 2 of 'credit' in WordNet: 1. credit line, line of credit, bank line, line, personal credit line, personal line of credit - (the maximum credit that a customer is allowed) WN noun 'credit': 2. (5) credit - (money available for a client to borrow) WN 'credit account': 1. credit account, charge account, open account - (credit extended by a business to a customer)`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c Source^c Account^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some IntelligentAgent^c isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c isaSourceOf^op value Money^c
Sub-classes	CreditCardAccount^c

LineOfLatitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineOfLatitude`
Description	A 'LineOfLatitude' is a circular ''GeographicalLine-Intangible'' located on the ''EarthsSurface''.each point of which has the same ''Latitude''.
Super-classes	GeodesicLine^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Circular^c hasLatitude^op some Latitude^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArcticCircle

LineOfObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineOfObjects`
Description	Any 'ObjectGroup' arranged linearly so that there is some sequential order, left to right, front to back, etc. This can be inanimate objects or people, but consists of physical objects. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'line' in WordNet: 1. (51) line - (a formation of people or things one beside another; 'the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed'; 'they were arrayed in line of battle'; 'the cast stood in line for the curtain call') 3. (15) line - (a formation of people or things one behind another; 'the line stretched clear around the corner'; 'you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Line-Generic^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Sub-classes	LineOfPeople^c

LineOfPeople^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineOfPeople

Description

A 'LineOfObjects' consisting exclusively of people, usually waiting to do something in sequential order.

      Most closely similar to noun sense 3 of 'line',  in WordNet,
        but restricted to people lined up for some purpose susch as 
        to enter a location, or to be served, or to take turns
        at some activity; more specifically represented by sense 1 of 'queue'
       in WordNet:
        3. (15) line - (a formation of people or things one behind another;
          'the line stretched clear around the corner'; 'you must wait in 
          a long line at the checkout counter')
       WN 'queue':
        1. queue, waiting line - (a line of people or vehicles waiting for something)

Super-classes LineOfObjects^c

LineOfPerforations^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineOfPerforations`
Description	Each ''LineOfPerforations'' is a Group of ''PiercedHole''s in some ''PhysicalObject'', typically in a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (though it may be in a layered set of sheets, which can be considered as a single sheet). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perforation' in Wordnet: 1. (1) perforation - (a line of small holes for tearing at a particular place)`
Super-classes	Group^c PhysicalFeature^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some SheetOfSomeStuff^c hasComponentElement^op only PiercedHole^c enablesOrAssists^op value TearingSomething^c

LineOfText-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineOfText-Abstract`
Description	Each ''LineOfText-Abstract'' is a ''DocumentPart'' consisting of a series of ''AbstractCharacter''s in one line of an ''AbstractText'' that has been formatted into 'lines' for printing or display on a computer screen, The midpoints of each of the the printable characters in a ''LineOfText'' ideally form a ''StraightLine'' when printed or displayed. This ''StraightLine'' is usually oriented 'horizontally' (relative to the 'top' of the page as 'up') but in some cases, especially in Chinese text, it may be vertical, depending on the orthography of the language. The number of characters in a ''LineOfText'' varies with the size of the printed material or computer screen, but will typically be from 40 to 120 characters, often in books 80 characters. One subtype of ''LineOfText'' is an ''ActorsLine'', which is an abstract representation of what the Actor speaks in the interval between other actors' lines or other Events that cause the actor to start and stop speaking. The length of an ''ActorsLine'' is not limited, other than by what the writer considers appropriate. RHW is for physical printing. Not represented here. RHW: 8. a row of written or printed letters, words, etc.: a page of 30 lines. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'line' in WordNet: 5. (11) line - (text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen; 'the letter consisted of three short lines'; 'there are six lines in every stanza')
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c FormattedString^c TextPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only AbstractCharacter^c
Sub-classes	ActorsLine^c

LineOfVerse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineOfVerse`
Description	This is an abstract line of text. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verse line' in WordNet: 1. verse, verse line - (a line of metrical text)`
Super-classes	Group^c WordString^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value MetricalFoot^c
Sub-classes	Pentameter^c

LineOnaSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LineOnaSurface`
Description	Any 'Mark' on a surface that is long and thin, and can be interpreted as a line by a person who oberves it. The 'surface' can be a computer screen, and the 'Mark' therefore need not be a PhysicalObject; the line may in fact be created by absence or removal of material from an otherwise relatively homogeneous surface, as with lines in geograophical formations created, e.g. by a crack in the surface of inclusions of materials of different composition. e.g. 'a line in the sand', 'lines' (wrinkles0 on a person's face This therefore need not be intentionally created by an agent, and is not necessarily an artifact, Includes noun sense 2 and 12 but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'line' in WordNet: 2. (20) line - (a mark that is long relative to its width; 'He drew a line on the chart') 12. (5) wrinkle, furrow, crease, crinkle, seam, line - (a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface; 'his face has many lines'; 'ironing gets rid of most wrinkles')
Super-classes	Line-Generic^c Mark^c
Sub-classes	Wrinkle^c Groove^c Incision^c FinishLine^c Laceration^c ScratchOnAnObject^c SportsFieldLine^c DottedLine^c Scrape^c

LinearObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinearObject`
Description	An instance of #$ShapeType (q.v.) and a specialization of #$OneOrHigherDimensionalThing (q.v.). This is the most general collection of linear, or one-dimensional, objects. #$LinearObject is the shape type shared by anything that has only one discernible or relevant dimension. Examples include intangible geometric straight lines and line segments, arcs and curved line segments (of any complexity), and physical objects whose length is the only relevant dimension (with respect to a given context), such as a length of wire or the rim of a glass. Note that this also includes linear objects that do not remain in a single two-dimensional plane, such as a spiral or (in some contexts) a tangled ball of string. For linear objects that are geometrically relatively simple and regular (i.e. #$GeometricallyDescribableThings), see the specialization #$OneDimensionalGeometricThing. Other specializations include #$SpaceLine, #$LinearObject-Planar, and #$EdgeOnObject-Generic.
Super-classes	OneOrHigherDimensionalThing^c
Sub-classes	SpaceLine^c EdgeOnObject-Generic^c OneDimensionalGeometricThing^c

LinearOrderingRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinearOrderingRelation`
Description	A 'LinearOrderingRelation' is a relation that can hold between sequential elements of a 'Series'. For example, a 'Series' may be ordered by time, size, or any quantitative attribute.
Super-classes	Relation^c
Members	precedes^op

LinearlyOrdered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinearlyOrdered`
Description	'LinearlyOrdered' is an AttributeValue of Groups that are arranged in a linear, sequential fashion, such that the elements can be identified by ordinal numbers. RHW: 3. extended or arranged in a line: a linear series. This attribute includes the notion of an 'order' meaning a definable arrangement, and that approximately corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'order' in Wordnet: 4. (7) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation') WN adjective 'sequential' part: 1. (1) consecutive, sequent, sequential, serial, successive - (in regular succession without gaps; 'serial concerts') WN adjective 'linear': 2. (3) linear, one-dimensional - (of or in or along or relating to a line; involving a single dimension; 'a linear measurement')
Super-classes	Ordered^c
Sub-classes	Sequential^c VerticallyOrdered^c

LinearlyOrderedAtomicGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinearlyOrderedAtomicGroup`
Description	A ''LinearlyOrderedAtomicGroup''
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c

LinearlyOrderedGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinearlyOrderedGroup`
Description	A 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' is a Group that has a linear ordering, which is a mapping from the natural numbers to elements of the Group. It will usually have more than one element, but may have only one. The ordering can be the result of a random process, there may not be any principle that dictates how the elements are ordered. For a 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' in which the order is dictated by some 'LinearOrderingRelation', use 'Series'. RO NOTE: 'sequentially ordered entity' is ambiguous in that the comments suggest it can be abstract or concrete. It appears to be most similar to this type. See RO definition: 'Any entity that is ordered in discrete units along a linear axis.' But this has restriction: 'has subsequence' some 'sequence atomic unit' whuch is consistent,because a 'sequence atomic unit' can also be abstract. . . . Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'ordering' in WordNet, assuming that the WordNet synset refers to a linear ordering (as distinguished from the more general ordering of the WordNet hypernym 'Arrangement': in WordNet: 1. (4) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation')
Super-classes	OrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value LinearlyOrdered^c hasOrderingRelation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SequentiallyOrdered^c
Sub-classes	RowOfObjects^c LineOfText-Abstract^c Gradient^c Iamb^c SeriesOfImages^c Event^c VehicleQueue^c GroupVariation^c List^c AbstractVideo^c Obligation^c Series^c Procession^c OrderedPair^c WorkingCareer^c RatingScale^c ReactionChain^c ValueTimeEntry^c Continuum^c LineOfObjects^c LinearlyOrderedAtomicGroup^c Axiom^c AbstractString^c Queue^c SetOfSlides^c

LinearlyOrderedPair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinearlyOrderedPair`
Description	A 'LinearlyOrderedPair' is a Tuple containing two elements. Note that either element may be null (or for numbers, have a zero value) `The elements can be identified with the relations ''hasFirstElement'' and 'hasSecondElement''. The rangeof these relations will depend on the specific type of ''LinearlyOrderedPair'' being described.`
Super-classes	Pair^c Series^c
Sub-classes	DifferenceInSocialStates^c Difference^c

LinearlyOrderedQuartet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinearlyOrderedQuartet`
Description	A 'LinearlyOrderedQuartet' is an OderedGroup containing four ordered elements plus the ordering relation.
Super-classes	Series^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 5^c

LinearlyOrderedTrio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinearlyOrderedTrio`
Description	A 'LinearlyOrderedTrio' is a Tuple containing three ordered elements plus the LinearOrderingRelation.
Super-classes	Quartet^c Series^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value LinearlyOrdered^c hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 4^c

Linen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Linen`
Description	A Substance derived from the stalk of the Flax Plant, in a process of soaking in water called 'Retting'. `In Retting 'the flax fiber is loosened from the outside woody stalk. This is accomplished through several methods taking from a few days to several months, depending upon the quality of linen desired. Linen is composed of 70 to 85 percent cellulose, but the remainder is natural impurities.' (from Stan Caplan at: http://web.newsguy.com/natclo/9708.html#aa130). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linen' in Wordnet: 1. (2) linen - (a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant)`
Super-classes	FibrousSubstance^c Fabric^c PlantProduct^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value FlaxPlant^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Cellulose^c

Lingerie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lingerie`
Description	Women's intimate apparel. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lingerie' in Wordnet: 1. lingerie, intimate apparel - (women's underwear and nightclothes)`
Super-classes	Underwear^c WomensClothing^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Woman^c
Sub-classes	Camisole^c WomensHosiery^c Panties^c NightGown^c Brassiere^c

Lingering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lingering

Description

''Lingering''is the attribute of Objects (including mental objects, like items on a ''ToDoList'' or substances) that are in the state of a ''LingeringAction'' - i.e. have not completely 'gone' in any sense - moved away physically, disappeared from memory, having been used up or been destroyed or otherwise rendered nonexistent in some place or context - although they may be fading away in quantity of intensity.

      No WN or RHW sense.

Super-classes Remaining^c

LingeringAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LingeringAction`
Description	A ''LingeringAction'' is a ''StayingInaState'' and a RemainingInaLocation'' in which something that is not an animal (objects or substances such as fragrances or Feelings) continues being present or detectable. This is a `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'linger' in WordNet: 1. (3) linger - (remain present although waning or gradually dying; 'Her perfume lingered on')`
Super-classes	RemainingInaLocation^c Action^c DidNotHappenEvent^c StayingInaState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Lingering^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Fading^c

Linguicism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Linguicism`
Description	''Linguicism' is a form of ''Discrimination'' against people based on the language they speak. No WN or RHW sense. Wiktionary 'linguicism': May 28, 2019: linguicism (countable and uncountable, plural linguicisms) the unfair treatment of an individual or community based on their use of language; Synonyms . languagism; linguistic discrimination; See also . linguism; References . Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, " Linguicism," Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. ThoughtCo.com: Linguicism is discrimination based on language or dialect: linguistically argued racism. It's also known as linguistic discrimination. The term was coined in the 1980s by linguist Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, who defined linguicism as " ideologies and structures that are used to legitimate, effectuate and reproduce an unequal division of power and resources between groups which are defined on the basis of language. " NOTE that the ''isDirectedToward'' references ''HandicappedPerson''s generally; if this type of Discrimination is directed toward some specific disability then a different subtype needs to be created.
Super-classes	Discrimination^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op value Language^c

Linguist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Linguist`
Description	A person trained in the scientific study of human languages. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linguist' in WordNet: 1. (16) linguist, linguistic scientist - (a specialist in linguistics)`
Super-classes	Role^c Scientist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Linguistics^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value NaturalLanguage^c
Sub-classes	Phonologist^c Semanticist^c Phonetician^c Lexicographer^c

Linguistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Linguistic

Description

''Linguistic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Language'' or something expressed in a ''language''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'linguistic' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) linguistic, lingual - (consisting of or related to language;
               'linguistic behavior'; 'a linguistic atlas'; 'lingual diversity')
           2. (3) linguistic - (of or relating to the scientific study of language; 
               'linguistic theory')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LinguisticAssertion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticAssertion`
Description	A LinguisticAssertion is sentence or combination of sentences in some language which expresses in linguistic symbols the content of a logical Assertion (which is an abstract Proposition). The Assertion may be a complex combinations of simple (atomic) assertions. In COSMO every LinguisticAssertion is a topic of some 'Communication'. The reason for this is that the act of creating an assertion in linguistic format entails that the creator had some audience in mind - even if that audience was the creator him/herself. This may leave out mindless rambling speech, but that kind of speech can be represented by a more general linguistic entity, such as 'Statement'. NOTE that the restriction here requires that a LinguisticAssertion be mentioned in some communication (not necessarily part of a communication). It can be mentioned without being part of a Communication if it is referred to or summarized without being presented in full in that communication. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'assertion' for the more abstract, specifically logical meaning see 'Assertion' in WordNet: 1. (2) assertion, averment, asseveration - (a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary))
Super-classes	Statement^c Assertion^c Phrase^c
Restrictions	isMentionedIn^op only (AssertingEvent^c or ExternalReferringThing^c or Assertion^c or AbstractObjectType^c) isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only (AssertingEvent^c or ExternalReferringThing^c or Assertion^c or AbstractObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	NewsItem^c ArgumentCon^c Oath^c ProseArticle^c Invitation^c Prognostication^c PollResult^c Confession^c Comment^c MeasurementResult^c Advice^c News^c LogicalSentence^c SummaryText^c Apology^c Curse^c Claim^c Commentary^c Promise^c Nonsense^c Proviso^c StatementOfFact^c DatabaseRecord^c Declaration^c Tautology^c Certification^c ArgumentPro^c Objection^c RequestContent^c Admission^c Prediction^c Drivel^c Criticism^c TestResult^c
In domain of	hasConfidenceLevel^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Life_should_be_simple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_God_does_not_exist http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_JFK_is_Alive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Self-knowledge_is_good http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Ancestors_should_be_worshiped http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_God_may_or_may_not_exist http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_JFK_is_Dead http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_There_are_many_gods http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Natural_objects_have_souls http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_There_is_only_one_God http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_All_religions_are_worthy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#I_accept http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Jains_should_follow_the_teachings_of_the_Tirthankaras http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Management_by_Presbyters_is_best http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Buddha_is_the_teacher http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Spirits_survive_death http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Martin_Luther_was_right http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_The_Pope_is_not_Gods_representative http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Jesus_Christ_is_God http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Mohammed_is_Gods_prophet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeterRabbitsAdventures http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_The_Pope_is_Gods_representative

LinguisticBarrage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticBarrage`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrage' in WordNet: 1. (2) barrage, bombardment, outpouring, onslaught - (the rapid and continuous delivery of linguistic communication (spoken or written); 'a barrage of questions'; 'a bombardment of mail complaining about his mistake')`
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (LinguisticAssertion^c or Assertion^c)

LinguisticCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticCommunication`
Description	A Communication that involves the transfer of information via a LinguisticObject, or via a sign with linguistic interpretation, as with pointing or gesturing or sign language.
Super-classes	Communication^c SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c usesResource^op value HumanLanguage^c
Sub-classes	Conversation^c CommunicatingInWriting^c EMailCommunication^c CommunicatingInSignLanguage^c Spelling^c Corresponding^c Ratifying^c SendingaTweet^c Instructing^c RequestingOrProposing^c ImplantingIdeas^c Enlightening^c Correspondence^c Authorizing^c Discourse^c GuaranteeingSomething^c Sanctioning^c AudioCommunicating^c BlessingEvent^c ReexpressingSomething^c AssertingEvent^c MakingAnAgreement^c RhetoricalManeuver^c Empowering^c ExpressingLinguistically^c Narrating^c Texting^c AttemptingToPersuade^c LinguisticBarrage^c Acknowledging^c Praising^c

LinguisticDescription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticDescription`
Description	A 'LinguisticDescription' is an 'AbstractText' that asserts at least some properties of some entity that is the Topic of the text. The 'text' may be expressed in logical symbols, therefore a logical 'definition' is included, as well as dictionary definitions. `The range of things that can be described includes just about eerything, but an instantiation of this type should specify the Topic, i.e. what is the thing described. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'description' in WordNet: 1. (29) description, verbal description - (a statement that represents something in words)`
Super-classes	Description^c AbstractText^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c isProducedByEventType^op value DescribingSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Descriptive^c
Sub-classes	VerbalImage^c Definition^c WordPicture^c SelfDescription^c Caption^c

LinguisticDesignator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticDesignator`
Description	A 'LinguisticDesignator' is a Symbol used in some HumanLanguage, whether natural or artificial. This type includes spoken as well as written words or Terms.
Super-classes	Designator^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	Word^c

LinguisticExpression_SUMO^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticExpression_SUMO`
Description	SUMO: This is the subclass of ContentBearingObjects which are language-related. Note that this Class encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages, e.g. Words. `COSMO NOTE: This SUMO concept is a PhysicalObject. Most linguistic concepts in COSMO are abstract, though they will often have physical representations. Most reasoning about information objects in COSMO is done with the subtypes and instances of 'AbstractSymbolicObject'.`
Super-classes	InformationBearingObject^c
Sub-classes	TextualMaterial^c Language_SUMO_physical_not_abstract__^c

LinguisticManner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticManner`
Description	A ''LinguisticManner'' is a 'Manner' that is in some way disinctive to certain characteristics of expressing thought in language, whether in writing (''MakingWrittenMaterial'') or in ''Speaking''. In Speaking this can include ways of pronouncing or emphasizing words, phrases or syllables. In writing the manner can include many different devices for expressing ideas that add or subtract from theliteral meaning of the words used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expressive style' in WordNet: 1. expressive style, style - (a way of expressing something (in language or art or music etc.) that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period; 'Fall the reporters were expected to adopt the style of the newspaper')`
Super-classes	MannerOfUsage^c
Sub-classes	WritingStyle^c Verbosity^c NonLiteralManner^c Phraseology^c MannerOfSpeaking^c RhetoricalManner^c

LinguisticMorphology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticMorphology`
Description	''LinguisticMorphology'' is the branch of Linguistics that studies the rules by which words are composed from parts (substrings) and related to the spelling of each other by derivation from root words. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'morphology' in WordNet: 2. morphology - (studies of the rules for forming admissible words)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	isaBranchOf^op value Linguistics^c

LinguisticObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticObject`
Description	A specialization of #$AspatialInformationStore. Each instance of #$LinguisticObject is an intangible object that is part of some language or other, in a broad sense of part whereby #$LinguisticObject's specializations include such diverse collections as #$Title, #$WordSense, #$SententialConstituent, and #$NonlexicalLinguisticObject. `NOTE: this is not the 'object' of a sentence. NOTEP: in SUMO a LinguisticExpression is concrete, but in COSMO it is interpreted as Abstract. SUMO: (LinguisticExpression) This is the subclass of ContentBearingObjects which are language-related. Note that this Class encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages, e.g. Words.`
Super-classes	InformationStore^c AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	WordStem^c Phoneme^c Suffix^c Prefix^c Morpheme^c Syllable^c Word^c

LinguisticProcess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticProcess

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'linguistic process' in WordNet:
          2. linguistic process, language - (the cognitive processes 
             involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication; 
             'he didn't have the language to express his feelings')

Super-classes AgentCapability^c
HigherCognitiveProcess^c

LinguisticRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinguisticRelation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linguistic relation' in WordNet: 1. linguistic relation - (a relation between linguistic forms or constituents)`
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	GrammaticalRelation^c

Linguistics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Linguistics`
Description	The science of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax (Grammar), semantics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'linguistics' in Wordnet: 1. (2) linguistics - (the scientific study of language) 2. linguistics, philology - (the humanistic study of language and literature)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value GrammarOfNaturalLanguage^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value NaturalLanguage^c
Sub-classes	Phonology^c Semantics^c Sociolinguistics^c

Lining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lining`
Description	A ''Lining'' differs from most other coverings in that it protects he inside surface of a sheetlike object that may itself be a ''Covering-Object'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lining' in WordNet: 1. lining - (a protective covering that protects an inside surface)`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	isSurroundedBy^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	ClothingLining^c

Link^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Link`
Description	A ''Link'' is a PhysicalObject that connects two other objects in such a way that both ends of the ''Link'' are attached, each to a different Object, and the ''Link'' itself is distinguishable from the objects it is attached to. This distinguishes a ''Link'' from a ''Connection-Physical'' in that the ''Connection-Physical'' may form part of the objects it is connected to (as is a weld). `NOTE that a 'chain' may be composed of many links, and in that case the 'ends' that are connected to other objects are not the internal 'ends' of the loop itself, which are connected to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'link' in WordNet: 2. (5) link, linkup, tie, tie-in - (a fastener that serves to join or connect; 'the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction')`
Super-classes	Link-Generic^c Wire^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c Fastener^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	ChainLink^c

Link-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Link-Generic`
Description	A ''Link-Generic'' is an Object (physical or abstract) that connects one or more other ''Object''s (in a Graph those would be ''Node''s). This ''Link'' may connect two or more other objects - for restricting it to two objects, a subtype should be created.. "graph" Together with ''Node'' this expresses a very general notion of a system of nodes and links - abstract or physical. `ToDo: This type may be related to the COSMO ''Relation''. Would that be useful?? in WordNet: WN noun 'link': 4. connection, connexion, link - (a connecting shape)`
Super-classes	Configuration^c
Restrictions	connects^op some (Object^c or Group^c or System^c or ObjectType^c or GroupType^c or Group^c or GroupType^c) isaPartOf^op some (Object^c or Group^c or System^c or ObjectType^c or GroupType^c or Group^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	Link^c TelephoneLink^c DirectTelephoneLink^c

Linkage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Linkage`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linkage' in WordNet: 1. linkage - (an associative relation)`
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	Nexus^c

Linked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Linked

Description

      Includes adjective sense 1 of 'linked' and sense 2 of 'connected' in Wordnet:
         1. coupled, joined, linked - (connected by a link, as railway cars or trailer trucks)
       WN adj 'connected':
         2. (3) connected - (joined or linked together)

Super-classes Attached^c

Linoleum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Linoleum`
Description	''Linoleum'' is a ''CoveringMaterial'' is a sheet-like form . RHW: a hard, washable floor covering formed by coating burlap or canvas with linseed oil, powdered cork, and rosin, and adding pigments to create the desired colors and patterns. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linoleum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) linoleum, lino - (a floor covering)`
Super-classes	CoveringMaterial^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Floor^c

LinseedOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LinseedOil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linseed oil' in WordNet: 1. linseed oil, flaxseed oil - (a drying oil extracted from flax seed and used in making such things as oil paints) WN sense 1 of 'drying oil': 1. drying oil - (an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base)`
Super-classes	DryingOil^c VegetableOil^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value FlaxSeed^c

Lint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lint

Description

The Substance formed from a peceptible mass of short Fibers, usually from some woven fabric..

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lint' in WordNet:
      1. (3) lint - (fine ravellings of cotton or linen fibers)

Super-classes NaturalTangibleStuff^c

Lion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lion

Description

CYC: The collection of large carnivorous feline mammals found in Africa. Does not include mountain lions.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lion' in WordNet:
        1. (2) lion, king of beasts, Panthera leo - (large gregarious predatory 
           feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male)

Super-classes BigCat^c

Lip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lip`
Description	Either of the two fleshy parts or folds forming the margins of the mouth that, in humans, function in speech. NOTE that this includes the lips of non-human animals. For the more specific human lips, use 'HumanLip'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lip' in WordNet: 1. (57) lip - (fleshy folds of tissue as those surrounding the mouth)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Mouth^c
Sub-classes	HumanLip^c

LipGloss^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LipGloss

Description

A type of Makeup that is a colorless gel that coats the lips and makes them shiny.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lip gloss' in WordNet:
          1. lip-gloss - (makeup that makes the lips shiny)

Super-classes Makeup^c

Lipid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lipid`
Description	CYC: The collection of all lipids - greasy, non-water-soluble organic compounds found in all living cells. Note the relation 'not miscible with' Water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lipid' in WordNet: 1. lipid, lipide, lipoid - (an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates))`
Super-classes	FattySubstance^c MolecularStuff^c
Sub-classes	PhosphoLipid^c Steroid^c Triglyceride^c

LipidBilayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LipidBilayer`
Description	COSMO note: this is a placeholder for more detailed types that will be needed for representation of cells. It is required to complete the minimum description of a Cell, the basic component of Organisms. This type represents the individual objects that function as LipidBilayers, it is not the substance of which such objects are composed. `Cyc: The collection of all membranes consisting of a double layer of amphipathic lipid molecules in aqueous solution, oriented so that their hydrophobic ends are in contact. Such bilayers form more-or-less spontaneously when phospholipids are introduced into aqueous solution, since lipid molecules in water tend to aggregate in structures such that their hydrophobic ends are oriented to the interior of the bilayer and their hydrophilic ends are oriented to the exterior.`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Lipid^c
Sub-classes	InnerNuclearMembrane^c TissueMembrane^c

LipidType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LipidType`
Description	LipidType is a metatype which is a specialization of 'ChemicalSubstanceType' that can serve to enable specifying certain properties of Lipids.
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Restrictions	isImmiscibleWith^op value Water^c
Members	Lipid AnabolicSteroid Lecithin FattySubstance Steroid SteroidalDrug Triglyceride PhosphoLipid

Lipreading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lipreading`
Description	''Lipreading'' is an ''UnderstandingaPhrase'' by observing the lips of a Person speaking, using a learned ability to interpret lip movements as specific words or phrases. This is mostly performed by deaf people, `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lipread' in WordNet: 1. lipread, lip-read, speech-read - (interpret by lipreading; of deaf people)`
Super-classes	UnderstandingaPhrase^c
Restrictions	isPerformedByAgentWithAbility^op value AbilityToLipread^c agentHasAttribute^op value AbilityToLipread^c hasSubEvent^op value StaringAtLips^c

Lipstick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lipstick`
Description	A waxy, solid, usually colored cosmetic in stick form for the lips. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lipstick' in Wordnet: 1. (2) lipstick, lip rouge - (makeup that is used to color the lips)`
Super-classes	Makeup^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ApplyingLipstick^c

Liqueur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liqueur`
Description	A ''Liqueur'' is fortified,i.e.it has an alcohol content greater than that of a typical wine, accomplished by adding in strong alcohol. NOTE: the amount of alcohol specified here is in a range. The '15-70% number for alcohol content is approximate, and varies with the liqueur. `RHW: any of a class of alcoholic liquors, usually strong, sweet, and highly flavored, as Chartreuse or curacao, generally served after dinner; cordial. NOTE that dictionaries describe'liqueur' as 'sweet' but the subtype liqueur ''Absinthe'' is described as 'bitter'. The 'sweet' attribute is assigned as 'typically'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liqueur' in WordNet: 1. liqueur, cordial - (strong highly flavored sweet liquor usually drunk after a meal)`
Super-classes	AlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	hasFractionalComponent^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alcohol15-70perCent^c typicallyHasAttribute^op value SweetTasting^c
Sub-classes	Absinthe^c Creme^c

Liquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liquid`
Description	A quality of objects that can flow freely, like water. This quality depends on temperature; almost all substances can be liquid at some temperature and pressure. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'liquid' in WordNet: 1. (25) liquid - (existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow; 'water and milk and blood are liquid substances')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Melted^c

LiquidAsset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidAsset`
Description	A specialization of #$SomethingExisting. Each instance of #$LiquidAsset is either an instance of #$Currency or some asset that is readily convertible to currency by selling or borrowing against it. Examples of #$LiquidAssets include stocks, bonds, and money market accounts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monetary resource' in WordNet: 1. funds, finances, monetary resource, cash in hand, pecuniary resource - (assets in the form of money)`
Super-classes	Asset^c
Sub-classes	Bursary^c Treasury^c CurrencyObject^c MoneyObject^c

LiquidBarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidBarrier`
Description
Super-classes	BarrierObject^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some (LiquidMotion^c or EventType^c)

LiquidContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidContainer`
Description	A container for liquids. For gases, use the parent ''FluidContainer''. `(? is a 'syringe a TopAndBottomSidedObject? - perhaps) Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'vessel' (for liquids) in WordNet: 3. vessel - (an object used as a container (especially for liquids))`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c FluidContainer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op some (LiquidObjectType^c or LiquidSubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	BirdBath^c WateringCan^c Tub^c TeaPot^c Spoon^c Sink^c DrinkingVessel^c Vial^c ToiletBowl^c Inkwell^c GourdBottle^c LiquidStorageTank^c Bottle^c SwimmingPool^c

LiquidFuelSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidFuelSubstanceType`
Description	'LiquidFuelSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of a 'Liquid' Fuel and other entities..
Super-classes	FuelSubstanceType^c LiquidSubstanceType^c
Members	Gasoline DieselFuel Kerosene

LiquidMixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidMixture`
Description	Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, viz. it is made up predominantly of at least two things are Substances and any component other than Liquid in the Mixture is either dissolved, as in a solution, or in the form of fine particles The general category includes suspensions as well as solutions, and the suspended particles would in the general case be considered part (a component) of the LiquidMixture. But specialized categories could be defined to exclude any solids that are suspended in the Liquid. A LiquidMixture can have a significant component of particulates, such as BodyFluids, which includes Vomit.
Super-classes	Mixture^c LiquidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	BodyFluid^c Marinade^c LiquidSuspension^c AmmoniaWater^c Solution^c

LiquidMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidMotion`
Description	SUMO: Any Motion where the patient is a Liquid. This class would cover, in particular, the flow of Water..
Super-classes	Motion^c FluidFlowEvent^c
Sub-classes	Stirring^c DischargingaLiquid^c Spraying^c Runoff^c WaterMotion^c Spilling^c

LiquidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidObject`
Description	Any Object that is liquid at the time it is referred to. Liquids may have suspended solids, but will pour freely and assume a thin layer on a flat surface under gravity, or will form a sphere in zero G. In Cyc referred to a 'FluidTangibleThing'. For substances that are liquid at normal temperature and pressure, use 'LiquidSubstance' `A GranularObject may also 'pour' freely, but will form a pile rather than spread out thinly. NOTE: the 'identity conditions' of LiquidObjects were discussed in the classic paper by Patrick Hayes 'Naive Physics I. Ontology for Liquids (1985). Corresponds most closely to noun senses 3 of 'liquid' in WordNet: 3. (4) liquid - (a substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume)`
Super-classes	LiquidThing^c FluidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Liquid^c
Sub-classes	BloodObject^c FuelObject^c WaterObject^c Drink^c MovingLiquidObject^c DropOfLiquid^c GlobOfGoo^c HollowLiquidBall^c ContainedLiquidObject^c UncontainedLiquidObject^c FreshWaterObject^c DropOfWater^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlaskaPipelineOil

LiquidObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidObjectType`
Description	''LiquidObjectType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''LiquidObject''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ''LiquidObject'' types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	FluidObjectType^c
Members	Lake Cascade ContainedAlcoholicBeverage Raindrop Puddle ContainedLiquidObject WaterObject Droplet Ripple BodyOfFreshWater ShallowBodyOfWater Sound-BodyOfWater SpotOfFreshPaint DropOfLiquid GlobOfGoo Aquifer HollowLiquidBall BodyOfWater BloodObject UncontainedLiquidObject FreshWaterObject BodyOfSaltWater Drink FuelObject NavigableWaterSurface FogDroplet WhiteWater BodyOfWater-Large SwimmableWaterObject BloodStream ContainedChampagne Waterfall ContainedWine DropOfWater

LiquidOralMedicine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidOralMedicine`
Description	Medicine which is liquid and intended to be swallowed.
Super-classes	OralDrugSubstance^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Elixir^c

LiquidSolution^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidSolution

Description

A ''Solution'' that is a liquid. This is currently the same as a ''Solution'', added here to be more specific and to allow the parent ''Solution'' to be repurposed more broadly to include solid solutions, when needed.

      CYC: The collection of all #$Solutions that are
        instances of #$LiquidTangibleThing.

Super-classes Solution^c

LiquidStorageTank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidStorageTank`
Description	$LiquidStorageTank is the class of usually `refillable containers whose main purpose is to contain liquids. Example specializations include #$FuelTank and #$Aquarium-Container.`
Super-classes	LiquidContainer^c StorageTank^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Boiler^c Aquarium^c GasolineTank^c

LiquidSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidSubstance`
Description	Each subclass of LiquidSubstance labels a PhysicalSubstance which is liquid at normal temperatures and pressures. This category has been set as identical to the Cyc 'Liquid-StateOfMatter', though the original Cyc category is a physical object. This redefinition was done as part of the disentanglement of Cyc substances and objects. The Cyc category definition does not apply to this Type,and is closer to the COSMO 'LiquidObject'. The Cyc category was reinterpreted as a substance because it was used in Cyc predominantly as a parent class for what in COSMO are considered as substances. Water, gasoline, and vodka are examples. Although most substances are classified mainly by their composition, and may be solids or liquids (and sometimes gases) depending on temperature, there are some categories of substances that are conceptually in one state; ice is an example - it must be solid. A 'BathOil' must be a liquid. A LiquidSubstance is a PhysicalSubstance that must be liquid, at normal temperature and pressure. t other temperatures or pressures when it is solid or gaseous,those attributes can be used to characterize it under those conditions. NOTE: the WN entry for'state of matter' and its subtypes have been merged with the ''PhysicalSubstance'' hierarchy in COSMO. This type includes the 'liquid state' synset in Wordnet. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'liquid' in WordNet: 1. (67) liquid - (a substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure) 2. (21) liquid, liquidness, liquidity, liquid state - (the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility)
Super-classes	LiquidThing^c FluidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	HairConditioner^c Buttermilk^c Ichor^c WasteWater^c Semen^c Toluene^c MilkShake^c StickyStuff^c Dew^c Petroleum^c Oil^c Distillate^c Mercury^c Urine^c MedicalLotion^c Lymph^c HairSpray^c Perfume^c OdoriferousLiquid^c Solvent^c Ink^c Milk^c Kerosene^c Octane^c CosmeticLotion^c Juice^c Honey^c Sweat^c HotChocolate^c Hexane^c Glycerol^c Syrup^c Nectar^c Gasoline^c Slop^c Shampoo^c Tar^c ProofAlcohol^c EyeDropSolution^c Vinegar^c AviationFuel^c LiquidMixture^c DieselFuel^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyPercentAlcohol

LiquidSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidSubstanceType`
Description	'LiquidSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Liquid' and other entities..
Super-classes	FluidType^c SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	BeverageType^c WaterSubstanceType^c LiquidFuelSubstanceType^c
Members	Vinegar CalamineLotion MedicinalOintment AviationFuel Burgundy-Wine WhiteWine LiquidSubstance Distillate Honey HairConditioner BottledWater NasalMucus Bourbon Syrup Champagne EyeDropSolution Perfume Oil WhiteZinfandel OdoriferousLiquid LiquidMixture Sweat Urine FortifiedWine Rum FrothStuff TapWater Saliva Octane MedicalLotion Lymph Semen HairSpray CosmeticLotion ProofAlcohol AcidicSolution Brandy Juice Dew BalsamicVinegar Muscatel Nectar Ink Hexane Mouthwash Vodka Gin HotWater Elixir Chloroform DietSoftDrink BlushWine Petroleum Butanol Ichor Glycerol Whiskey Solvent RedWine Exudate Sherry Shampoo Cologne

LiquidSuspension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidSuspension`
Description	In SUMO called 'Suspension'. SUMO: A LiquidMixture where at least one of the components of the Mixture is equally distributed throughout the Mixture but is not dissolved in it. `NOTE: this is actually broader than the SUMO definition, in that it includes as ''particles' in the suspension any molecule (such as a protein or DNA molecule) that is large enough to be separated from the solvent by a strong centrifugal force field.`
Super-classes	LiquidMixture^c Suspension^c
Sub-classes	Sewage^c Varnish^c Paint-undried^c Slurry^c CalamineLotion^c

LiquidThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquidThing`
Description	A ''LiquidThing'' can be a ''LiquidObject'' or a ''LiquidSubstance''. This type allows the creation of relations that could reference either ''Liquid'' type.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Liquid^c
Sub-classes	LiquidObject^c LiquidSubstance^c

Liquor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liquor`
Description	''Liquor'' is an ''AlcoholicBeverage'' that is a ''Distillate'', with a higher concentration of ethanol than in Wine. Minimum for distillates? 30%? CYC: ('Liquor-Drink') This is the collection of all instances of liquor. Alcoholic beverages are usually divided into beer, wine, and liquor. Liquors are made by a distilling process, although ingredients are generally added after distillation. #$Liquor-Drink does not include fortified wines, but does include liqueurs. With the possible exception of a few fortified wines and liqueurs, instances of #$Liquor-Drink have a higher ethyl alcohol content than wines or beers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liquor' in WordNet: 1. (11) liquor, spirits, booze, hard drink, hard liquor, John Barleycorn, strong drink - (an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented)
Super-classes	Distillate^c AlcoholicBeverage^c
Sub-classes	Rum^c Whiskey^c Brandy^c Tequila^c Vodka^c Gin^c

LiquorShot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiquorShot

Description

SUMO: A UnitOfMeasure used in preparing AlcoholicBeverages. Usually one or two fluid ounces.

  Corresponds to noun sense 12 of 'shot' in WordNet:
    12. (15) nip, shot - (a small drink of liquor; 'he poured a shot of whiskey')

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

List^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#List`
Description	A List is a 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' that is a MentalObject, i.e. an Object without mass created by an IntelligentAgent, with the distinctive character that it is a linearly ordered arrangement of AbstractSymbolicObjects. A List may be empty, and has its own properties in addition to the properties of the constituent elements, therefore it is not a Group. Note that AbstractStrings are subtype of List. A List is ordered, and it can have the same entity in different positions in the list. It is not a type of Set. The elements of a ''List'' are specified by types or individuals, but are understood to be references to those entities.For example, a ''ListOfPeople'' may contain the names of individual people as elements, or may contain the labels for types of people. There is not restriction on what can be an element in a ''List''. The interpretation of the meanings of the elements will depend on the creator of the List to specify for other users of the List.. A List, as in OWL lists, has a 'first' and 'rest' component. The 'rest' can be another list, or null. Therefore a list may have one element (or none) Cyc comment: A specialization of #$Tuple. Each instance of #$List is a finite sequence of things with a first and last member-position, with each member-position other than the last having a successor member-position. As with tuples generally, lists allow for repetition of their members, so that the same item can appear at multiple member-positions in the same list. A list can be represented formally as a function from a finite index set of counting numbers, beginning with one, into the domain of all #$Things (but note that #$Lists are _not_ explicitly represented as functions in the Cyc ontology). Unlike an instance of #$Series (q.v.), a list is purely abstract (i.e. both aspatial and atemporal), and the only implied relation between an item and its successor in a list is the successor relation of the list itself. Technically, #$List is more specific than #$Tuple only in that the index set (see #$tupleIndexSet) for a given list must be the counting numbers in their usual order (or some initial segment thereof), whereas the index set for a tuple, generally speaking, might be any set whatsoever. FIBO 'list' has no clarifying definitions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'list' in WordNet: 1. (64) list, listing - (a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics))
Super-classes	Tuple^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Sub-classes	DatabaseTableColumnGroup^c ProductsForSale^c TopicList^c RelationInstance^c IndustrySectorList^c Bibliography^c KeyWordList^c TransactionList^c CodeEnumeration^c ReasoningRecord^c TaskList^c Table^c DatabaseSubtable^c RoleList^c ListOfAlternatives^c ElementGroup^c CriminalRecord^c ElementPeriod^c DatabaseTableColumn^c CheckList^c ListPair^c Inventory^c ListOfPeople^c Litany^c EntityEnumeration^c Code^c Standings^c CodeList^c NameList^c TwoColumnTable^c
In domain of	hasListLength^fp
In range of	isInList^op

ListOfAlternatives^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ListOfAlternatives`
Description	A 'ListOfAlternatives' is a List with relatively few entries, providing a set of alternatives ('AlternativeThing's, often but not necessarily exclusive) among which a Person (or other IntelligentAgent) must choose. Examples will be drop-down lists on computer screens, lists of items on a menu, lists of formats for various things (fonts, book formats), and an unlimited number of other possible things that people might want to choose from. `The type of 'Choosing' for which a list is used can be specified by the 'isUsedInAction', but does not have to be. Ther is no generic'menu' - this type could qualify, but the more specific types of 'menu' are represented as subtypes.`
Super-classes	List^c UsefulThing^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only AlternativeThing^c isUsedInAction^op value Choosing^c
Sub-classes	Menu^c ComputerMenu^c TwoAlternativeActions^c AlternativesTable^c

ListOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ListOfPeople`
Description	A ''ListOfPeople'' is a List, each element of which represents a PersonName (possibly with information related to that Person,such as a title or a task that Person performs). This list can also use elements specified as a ''Person'' or ''PersonType'' with the understanding that the list element is only a representation of that ''Person'' or ''PersonType''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roster' in WordNet: 1. (2) roll, roster - (a list of names; 'his name was struck off the rolls')`
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only (PersonName^c or Person^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	BlackList^c BattingLineup^c Shortlist^c

ListPair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ListPair`
Description	A 'ListPair' is a List with exactly two elements.
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CARD_2^c
Sub-classes	PersonWageEntry^c

ListString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ListString`
Description	A ListString is an AbstractString that represents a list of entities. The entities listed are not necessarily all instances of the same type. This type is restricted to strings which have a single delimiter separating the individual items in the represented list - for example, a space, a comma, a semicolon, etc.
Super-classes	FormattedString^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only List^c
Sub-classes	SpacedListString^c CommaedListString^c
In range of	hasDelimiter^op

Listener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Listener`
Description	A ''Listener'' is an ''IntelligentAgent'' who 'listens' intentionally (acccesses a communication through the hearing) to some sound, voice, music, or other. Listening does no necessarily access information from another agent,it can be listening to animals or just to the rustle of leaves in the wind. `A ''Listener'' may be performing the role of a member of an ''Audience'' at some gathering (lecture, concert) or other disseminated verbal communication (radio, TV broadcast). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'listener' in WordNet: 1. (9) hearer, listener, auditor, attender - (someone who listens attentively)`
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Listening^c

Listening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Listening`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which an #$Agent deliberately facilitates and does #$Hearing. `CYC: 'ListeningDeliberately'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'listen' in WordNet: 1. (60) listen - (hear with intention; 'Listen to the sound of this cello') WN noun 'listening': 1. listening, hearing - (the act of hearing attentively; 'you can learn a lot by just listening'; 'they make good music - you should give them a hearing')`
Super-classes	Hearing^c Observing^c AccessingAnIBT^c
Sub-classes	ListeningToMusic^c Stethoscopy^c ListeningOnATelephone^c Eavesdropping^c ListeningAttentively^c

ListeningAttentively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ListeningAttentively`
Description	''ListeningAttentively'' is a subtype of ''PayingAttention'' specifically characterizing the Action of a Person who is listening to what another Person is saying (orally or in writing). The opposite of 'ignoring'. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 5 of 'attend' in WordNet: in WordNet: 5. (1) attend, hang, advert, pay heed, give ear - (give heed (to); 'The children in the audience attended the recital quietly'; 'She hung on his every word'; 'They attended to everything he said') WN verb 'heed' 1. (7) heed, mind, listen - (pay close attention to; give heed to; 'Heed the advice of the old men')`
Super-classes	PayingAttention^c Listening^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some (Speaking^c or SpokenCommunicating^c or CommunicationType^c)

ListeningOnATelephone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ListeningOnATelephone`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which a human agent listens to information that has been electronically transmitted over a phone line and which is issuing from a phone receiver in an audible form. Usually it is coming from another human agent who is performing an instance of #$SpeakingOnATelephone.
Super-classes	Listening^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Telephone^c
Sub-classes	ListeningToVoiceMail^c

ListeningToMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ListeningToMusic`
Description	Generally listening to music for entertainment or for extracting some sort of information from the music.
Super-classes	Listening^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op value Music^c

ListeningToVoiceMail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ListeningToVoiceMail`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which an agent (a person) listens to his/her voice mail.
Super-classes	ListeningOnATelephone^c

Listing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Listing`
Description	In each instance of an Action of 'Listing', some agent creates a List - an abstract Object. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'list' in WordNet: 1. (24) list, name - (give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of; 'List the states west of the Mississippi')`
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	produced^op some List^c
Sub-classes	BlackListing^c

Listless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Listless

Description

''Listless'' is an Attribute of Animals (usually people) that have and display little 'energy' or enthusiasm or inteest in things that are happening.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'listless' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) listless - (lacking zest or vivacity; 'he was listless and bored')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Bored^c

Listlessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Listlessness`
Description	The attribute-type associated with the feeling of listlessness: the felt experience of having little or no interest in or concern for what is going on around one. Note that a mere lack of interest in-itself is not a feeling, and thus is not sufficient for possessing an instance of #$Listlessness; one's lack of interest must be consciously experienced as such. (For the rationale behind treating feelings in terms of types - i.e. collections - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'listlessness' in Wordnet: 1. languor, lassitude, listlessness - (a feeling of lack of interest or energy) 2. listlessness, torpidity, torpidness, torpor - (inactivity resulting from lethargy and lack of vigor or energy)`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Boredom^c

Lit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lit

Description

A quality of combustible objects,that have been set to bur in some manner - usually for artifacts that function by having fire applied, as torches, cigarettes, candles.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lit' in WordNet:
         1. (6) lighted, lit - (set afire or burning; 'the lighted candles'; 'a lighted cigarette'; 'a lit firecracker')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Litany^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Litany

Description

A 'Litany''is a ''Prayer'' that has a list of short statements,typically read by a priest to a congregation, which responds after each statement.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Litany' in WordNet:
         2. Litany - (a prayer consisting of a series of invocations by the priest 
             with responses from the congregation)

Super-classes Prayer^c
List^c

LitanyOfAssertions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LitanyOfAssertions`
Description	A 'LitanyOfAssertions''is a ''Group'' of ''LinguisticAssertion''s usually presented orally, that is considered tedious by most liteners and usually presnents a series of complaints. 'litany of grievances'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'litany' in WordNet: 1. litany - (any long and tedious address or recital; 'the patient recited a litany of complaints'; 'a litany of failures')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2

Liter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liter

Description

Unit of volume in the metric system; in international use it is usually spelled 'litre' except in the United States. It is currently defined to be equal to one cubic decimeter (0.001 cubic meter). Symbol: L or l.

 NOTE: From 1901 to 1964 the litre was defined as the volume of one kilogram
  of pure water at 4 deg C and 760 millimetres of mercury pressure. During this time,
  a litre was about 1.000028 dm3. In 1964 this definition was abandoned 
  in favour of the current one.

  In Wordnet, the definition is for the older definition:
  in WordNet:
    1. (22) liter, litre, l, cubic decimeter, cubic decimetre -
      (a metric unit of capacity equal to the volume of 1 kilogram
        of pure water at 4 degrees centigrade and 760 mm of mercury 
        (or approximately 1.76 pints))

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

Literacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Literacy`
Description	''Literacy'' is a 'Skill' that is the ability to read and write some human language.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'literacy' in WordNet: 1. literacy - (the ability to read and write)`
Super-classes	Competence^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Reading^c isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Writing^c

Literal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Literal

Description

Conforming to the standard dictionary meanings of a particular text, exaggeration or without implication or rhetorical suggestion.

     Contrasts with 'metaphorical' or 'suggested' or 'implied'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'literal' in WordNet:
          3. literal - (limited to the explicit meaning of a word or text; 'a literal translation')

Super-classes Conforming^c

Literary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Literary

Description

''Literary'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Literature'' or ''LiteraryWork''s or the production of such works.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'literary' in WordNet:
        1. (27) literary - (of or relating to or characteristic of literature; 'literary criticism')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LiteraryForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiteraryForm`
Description	A ''LiteraryForm'' is a specific form of ''WritingStyle'', specifying the general arrangement of the elements in the composition. `Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'form' in WordNet: 11. (1) form - (an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse; 'the essay was in the form of a dialogue'; 'he first sketches the plot in outline form')`
Super-classes	Specification^c WritingStyle^c
Sub-classes	Versification^c

LiteraryStudy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiteraryStudy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'literary study' in WordNet: 1. (1) literary study - (the humanistic study of literature)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Literature^c
Sub-classes	Poetics^c

LiteraryVignette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiteraryVignette`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vignette' in WordNet: 1. (1) sketch, vignette - (a brief literary description)`
Super-classes	DescribingSomething^c

LiteraryWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiteraryWork`
Description	In Cyc termed 'LiteraryWork-CW' Cyc: The collection of all works of literature, broadly construed. Including articles, essays, as well as novels and poems. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'literary work' in WordNet: 1. (2) literary composition, literary work - (imaginative or creative writing)`
Super-classes	TextualPCW^c
Sub-classes	PoeticWork^c DramaticComposition^c ScriptDialogue^c ProseLiteraryWork^c

Literate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Literate`
Description	A 'Literate' person is one who can read and write at least at the level of an average high-school freshman. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'literate' in WordNet: 1. (1) literate - (able to read and write)`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Well-educated^c Learned^c

Literature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Literature`
Description	Some collection of LiteraryWorks, This may be LiteraryWorks, generally - meaning all LiteraryWorks, or LiteraryWorks having some particular attribute, such as 'German Literature'. `This includes to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'literature' in WordNet: 1. (60) literature - (creative writing of recognized artistic value) 3. (5) literature - (published writings in a particular style on a particular subject; 'the technical literature'; 'one aspect of Waterloo has not yet been treated in the literature')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only LiteraryWork^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Literary^c

Lithium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lithium

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lithium' in WordNet:
          1. lithium, Li, atomic number 3 - (a soft silver-white
            univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; 
            occurs in several minerals)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
AlkaliMetal^c

Lithuanian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lithuanian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Lithuanian' in Wordnet: 1. Lithuanian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Lithuania or its people or language)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

LithuanianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LithuanianPerson`
Description	`1. Lithuanian - (a native or inhabitant of Lithuania)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lithuania^c

Litigant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Litigant`
Description	A ''Litigant'' is a priciple ''PartyInaCourtCase'' either the complainant or defendant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'litigant' in WordNet: 1. (1) litigant, litigator - ((law) a party to a lawsuit; someone involved in litigation; 'plaintiffs and defendants are both litigants')`
Super-classes	PartyInaCourtCase^c
Sub-classes	Plaintiff^c AccusedCriminal^c Defendant^c

Litmus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Litmus

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'litmus' in WordNet:
          1. litmus, litmus test - (a coloring material (obtained from lichens) 
              that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions;
              used as a very rough acid-base indicator)

Super-classes IndicatorSubstance^c

LitmusSolution0001^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LitmusSolution0001`
Description	A substance for testing 'ColorChange'.
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c

Litter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Litter`
Description	A ''Litter'' is a ''GroupOfBeasts'' all born in a single ''BirthEvent''. This does not apply to humans. `NOTE: defnitions seem to restrict this to 'multiparous' animals - but nost mammals have the capability to produce more than one. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'litter' in WordNet: 1. (4) litter - (the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal)`
Super-classes	GroupOfBeasts^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some BirthEvent^c hasComponentElement^op min 2

Litter-Stretcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Litter-Stretcher`
Description	A ''Litter-Stretcher'' is a device which is used to carry medical patients, usually to a location where a medical procedure will be performed on them. This type distinguishes between 'litter' and 'stretcher' as being pieces of fabric between two poles long enough and rugged enough to carry an adult Person, designed to be carried by two people using the hands, one Person on either end. WN synsets 'litter' and 'stretcher', not having wheels, are parents in WN of 'gurney' which has wheels,and cannot be used as ontological parents. So ''Gurney'' is in a separate line of ''LandTransportationDevice'', though it is also sometimes referred to as a 'stretcher'. especially when referring to the hybrid device used in ambulances with a foldable wheeled component designed to carry a ''Litter-Stretcher'' and,when unfolded has the essential characteristic of a ''Gurney'', so that is classified as a ''Gurney''. Includes noun sense 3 of 'stretcher' and part of sense 3 of 'litter' (not a chair) in WordNet: 3. stretcher - (a litter for transporting people who are ill or wounded or dead; usually consists of a sheet of canvas stretched between two poles) WN noun 'litter': 3. litter - (conveyance consisting of a chair or bed carried on two poles by bearers)
Super-classes	LandTransportationDevice^c HumanPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Person^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoPoles^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePieceOfFabric^c

LitterBox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LitterBox`
Description	A ''LitterBox'' is an open-top shallow box-like container filled with ''KittyLitter'' into which domestic pets are intended to urinate or defecate. It is cleaned periodically by removing and replacing the soiled portion of the litter.
Super-classes	RigidObject^c OpenTopContainer^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 20.0^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Urinating^c hasShape^op value RectangularParallelepipedLike^c isDesignedToContain^op value KittyLitter^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Defecating^c isCommonlyUsedBy^op value DomesticPet^c hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet^dp value 1.0^c

Littered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Littered

Description

''Littered'' is an AttributeValue of things (objects, locations, documents) that are ''Untidy'' (messy) because they have been littered (experienced ''Littering'').

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'littered' in WordNet:
      1. (1) cluttered, littered - (filled or scattered with a
      disorderly accumulation of objects or rubbish;
      'the storm left the drivewaylittered with sticks nd debris';
      'his library was a cluttered room with piles of books on every chair')

Super-classes Untidy^c

Littering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Littering`
Description	'Littering'' is a ''MessingSomethingUp'' in which some agent leaves multiple objects in some location in such a way as to make that location ''Litered'' (subtype of ''Untidy''). This can apply to indoor or outdoor locations. `The Object or Location affected goes from being ''Tidy'' (neat) to ''Littered'' (''Untidy'', messy). This has a bit of both verb senses 1 and 2 of 'litter' in WordNet; not all 'strewing action are also 'littering', but some are: in WordNet: 1. (1) litter - (strew; 'Cigar butts littered the ground') 2. (1) litter - (make a place messy by strewing garbage around) WN verb 'strew' 1. (4) strew, straw - (spread by scattering ('straw' is archaic); 'strew toys all over the carpet')`
Super-classes	MessingSomethingUp^c
Restrictions	mayCauseObjectToBecome^op value Littered^c

Little-Known^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Little-Known

Description

An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations -

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'little-known' in Wordnet:
         1. little-known - (unknown to most people)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LittleLeague^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LittleLeague`
Description	A ''LittleLeague'' is a ''SportsLeague'' that is a Group of amateur ''BaseballTeam''s with young people as members. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'little league' in WordNet: 1. little league - (a commercially sponsored baseball league for players between 8 and 12 years of age)`
Super-classes	SportsLeague^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only BaseballTeam^c

LittleLeagueTeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LittleLeagueTeam`
Description	A ''LittleLeagueTeam'' is a ''BaseballTeam'' consisting of 8 to 12 year-old people (''LittleLeaguer''s) that is a member of some ''LittleLeague''.
Super-classes	BaseballTeam^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only LittleLeaguer^c

LittleLeaguer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LittleLeaguer`
Description	A ''LittleLeaguer'' is an 8-to-12-year old ''BaseballPlayer'' who plys as member of some ''LittleLeagueTeam''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'little leaguer' in WordNet: 1. little leaguer - (a player between 8 and 12 years of age who is a member of a little-league team)`
Super-classes	BaseballPlayer^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightToTwelveYears^c

Liturgical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liturgical

Description

''Liturgical'' as a term is used mostly to refer to actions occurring during some religious ''Rite''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'liturgical' in Wordnet:
         1. liturgical - (of or relating to or in accord with liturgy)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Liturgy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liturgy

Description

A 'Liturgy'' for some occasion is a ''PublicAssembly'' that can include one or a Group of ''Rite''s, including prescribed texts to be recited.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'liturgy' in WordNet:
           2. liturgy - (a rite or body of rites prescribed for public worship)

Super-classes PublicAssembly^c
Rite^c

LiveBirthEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiveBirthEvent`
Description	A ''LiveBirthEvent'' is the action of a 'mother' animal that delivers a living baby from a womb to the outside. `Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'birth' and verb sense 2 of 'bear' in WordNet: 3. (1) parturition, birth, giving birth, birthing - (the process of giving birth) WN verb 'bear': 2. (17) give birth, deliver, bear, birth, have - (cause to be born; 'My wife had twins yesterday!')`
Super-classes	BirthEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some FemaleAnimal^c typicallyFinishes^op value Pregnancy^c isaSubEventOf^op value BirthEvent^c

Livelihood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Livelihood`
Description	A Person's ''Livelihood'' is the FinancialMeans sufficient to buy the 'necessities of life', consisting of at least one source of Income. One subype is a ''LivingWage''. Another would be a quantity of ''Savings'' sufficient to allow a person to draw the equivalent of a ''LivingWage'' for the remainder of a ''Lifetime'' - this includes Social Security payments, alimony, and any pension income. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'livelihood' in WordNet: 1. (1) support, keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance - (the financial means whereby one lives; 'each child was expected to pay for their keep'; 'he applied to the state for support'; 'he could no longer earn his own livelihood')`
Super-classes	FinancialMeans^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op some MoneyObject^c
Sub-classes	LivingIncome^c Subsistence^c LivingWage^c

Liveliness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liveliness`
Description	a ''Liveliness'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' (a ''Quality'') where the attribute is ''Lively''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liveliness' in WordNet: 1. (1) liveliness, animation - (general activity and motion)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Lively^c

Lively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lively`
Description	''Lively'' is the attribute of someone or some group of people who is/are visibly moving and talking and interacting and doing things with interest and/r enthusiasm, and not slowly or quietly, as would be the alternative. This can also characterize Actions that are performed with quick movements, such as lively dancing. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lively' in Wordnet: 1. (7) lively - (full of life and energy; 'a lively discussion'; 'lively and attractive parents'; 'a lively party') WN adj 'animated': 1. (2) animated, alive - (having life or vigor or spirit; 'an animated and expressive face'; 'animated conversation'; 'became very animated when he heard the good news')`
Super-classes	Energetic^c
Sub-classes	Vivacious^c

Liver^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liver

Description

A specialization of #$InternalOrgan and instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType: the collection of all living #$Animal livers. Each instance of #$Liver is a large compound #$InternalOrgan. A #$Liver breaks down dead #$RedBloodCells, removes certain poisons and waste material from the blood stream, creates glycogen from sugars and proteins, stores glycogen, removes certain chemicals from the blood, secretes bile (#$BileTheSecretion) which is used for digestion,and regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, #$ProteinStuff, #$Vitamins, #$Minerals, and fats.

       SUMO: An Organ that secretes bile and serves metabolic functions.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liver' in Wordnet:
           1. (11) liver - (large and complicated reddish-brown 
           glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the
           abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism 
           of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved
           in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies
           poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes)

Super-classes InternalOrgan^c

Liverwort^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Liverwort

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liverwort' in WordNet:
          1. liverwort, hepatic - (any of numerous 
             small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida 
             growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses)

Super-classes Bryophyte^c

Livestock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Livestock`
Description	NOTE: the term 'livestock' is used collectively, but the WN synset includes the singular 'farm animal'. That term is broken out and represented as ''FarmAnimal''. This type is a Group of ''FarmAnimal''s (which could have only one member), but is usually used for more than one. Here it is considered as a PhysicalObject, which consists of one or more animals.. `RHW: 'the horses, cattle, sheep, and other useful animals kept or raised on a farm or ranch.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'livestock' in Wordnet: 1. (8) livestock, stock, farm animal - (not used technically; any animals kept for use or profit)`
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c
Sub-classes	Donkey^c Poultry^c

Living^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Living`
Description	The very general Experience of some LifeForm 'being alive' for some interval of time, usually used to refer to existing for more than a day, which will allow the inclusion of a variety of component Experiences. This includes the notion of being alive in some specific manner or living (lodging, residing) in some particular location. The subtypes make distinctions. As in 'Life in New York was exciting' or 'Living in New York was exciting' 'I was happy to give up my nervous life as an undercover agent'. NOTE that 'Living' (for some time interval) can be considerd both as one composite Experience and as a Group of Experiences. Thus in addition to Living being an instance of ActionType, it is an instance of GroupType. For living through a full lifetime, use 'Lifetime'. NOTE that the restriction requires that something specific be said about each instance of 'Living', e.g. that a person lived in a particular place or had some specific experience. NOTE that this state can be experienced by fictional characters, and it is therefore not necessarily a subtype of 'RealExistence'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'living' and senses 2 and 3 of 'life' , and (parts of ) senses 1, 2, 3, and 5 of 'live' in WordNet (the sense of 'survive' for non-animal entities is not included, as in one example in sense 3 of 'live' meaning 'to survive, endure' (see the parent type 'SurvivingAnEvent' for generic survival): in WordNet: 2. (364) life - (the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living; 'he hoped for a new life in Australia'; 'he wanted to live his own life without interference from others') 3. (313) life, living - (the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities; 'he could no longer cope with the complexities of life') WN verb 'live': 2. (51) live - (lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; 'we had to live frugally after the war') 3. (30) survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out - (continue to live; endure or last; 'We went without water and food for 3 days'; 'These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America'; 'The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents'; 'how long can a person last without food and water?') 5. (15) be, live - (have life, be alive; 'Our great leader is no more'; 'My grandfather lived until the end of war')
Super-classes	Experience^c PersistingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Experience^c hasCorrespondingProcess^op value LivingProcess^c isPerformedBy^op value LifeForm^c
Sub-classes	Surviving^c Outliving^c Companionship^c CountryLife^c LodgingSomewhere^c Subsisting^c Marriage^c DwellingSomewhere^c Lifetime^c

LivingAlone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingAlone`
Description	''LivingAlone'' is a ''Residing'' performed by only one Person in some ''Lodging''.
Super-classes	Residing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op exactly 1

LivingAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingAnimal`
Description	A ''LivingAnimal'' is an Animal that is still 'alive'..
Super-classes	Animal^c LivingOrganism^c
Sub-classes	LivingPerson^c

LivingBiologicalAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingBiologicalAgent`
Description	A specialization of both #$BiologicalAgent and #$Microorganism. Each instance of #$LivingBiologicalAgent is a living micro-organism that is also a biological agent. `COSMO note: this category is interpreted as meaning that the organism is 'living' in some world, which may not be our real world, but a fictional or hypothetical world. This distinction is used in defining the subtype of 'LivingPerson'.`
Super-classes	LivingOrganism^c PathogenicMicroorganism^c
Sub-classes	Staphylococcus^c Anthrax-Bacterium^c CoronaVirus^c Smallpox-Virus^c SalmonellaTyphosa^c HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus^c Rickettsia^c

LivingInTrees^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingInTrees`
Description	''LivingInTrees'' is a subtype of ''DwellingSomewhere'' that is the distinguishing characteristic ''AnimalActivity'' that characterizes an animal as ''Arboreal''. 'Living' in a tree does not necessarily mean that the animal nests or spends all its time in a tree, but does spend significant time in Trees and performs salient characteristic actions there. `Perhaps this could be labeled 'HangingOutInTrees'??`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c DwellingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ArborealAnimal^c occursAt^op value Tree^c

LivingIncome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingIncome`
Description	A ''LivingIncome'' is an 'Income' (from all sources) sufficient to support a Person or family in at least a modestly comfortable life style.
Super-classes	Livelihood^c Income^c

LivingOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingOrganism`
Description	LivingOrganism is that class of Organism that are alive (at the time of reference for each assertion), in our real world. This is a Type provided for convenience when one wants to reason only about living people, and would prefer not to individually specify the world and vitality attribute for each individual.
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	hasVitalityAttribute^op value Alive^c
Sub-classes	LivingBiologicalAgent^c LivingAnimal^c

LivingPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingPerson`
Description	LivingPerson is that class of persons who are alive (at the time of reference for each assertion), in any world - our real world, or some fictional or hypothetical world. This is a Type provided for convenience when one wants to reason only about living people, and would prefer not to individually specify the vitality attribute for each individual. If a fictional character is alive thoughout the period recounted in a fiction, that character (including animals) will have the VitalityAttribute 'AliveInaFiction', in preference to being characterized as a LivingPerson, because the 'period of time' is specified by the fictional context, which may not be identifiable with any real-time period. 'LivingPerson' means born and not dead at the time of reference, so this category excludes fetuses and dead people, but still permits fictional 'LivingPersons', or hypothetical ones.
Super-classes	Person^c LivingAnimal^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WilliamJeffersonClinton http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DianeCassidy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OliverStone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatrickCassidy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanielKahneman http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JKRowling http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericCrimeVictim http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericPerpetrator

LivingProcess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingProcess

Description

Living is the process (not Event) of being alive, specific for organisms. To be 'Living' does not necessarily mean that an Organism is actively metabolizing; like a seed or spore, it may be dormant. However, viruses, which cannot metabolize outside of the cell of another organism, are not able to be 'Living'. In COSMO a synonym for 'Living' is 'BiologicalSurvival'.

  For 'surviving' meaning to persist through some potentially threatening
   Event use 'SurvivingAnEvent'.

Super-classes PhysicalProcess^c

LivingRoom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingRoom

Description

For rooms specifically dedicated to lving room funtions; not applcable to combinations with kitchen or bedroom as in one-room apartments.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'living room' in WordNet:
      1. (12) living room, living-room, sitting room, front room, parlor, parlour - 
        (a room in a private house or establishment where people can sit and talk and relax)

Super-classes Room^c

LivingThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingThings`
Description	Each instance of 'LivingThings' is an ObjectGroup each of whose elements is some LifeForm, such as organisms. This sense is the sense intended when one discusses whether there is 'Life' on Mars. There may be LivingThings ('life') in any given region of space that is under discussion. `Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'life' in WordNet: 11. (31) life - (living things collectively; 'the oceans are teeming with life')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only LifeForm^c
Sub-classes	Vegetation^c WildLife^c

LivingWage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LivingWage

Description

This 'LivingWage' is a 'Wage' and any other source of money, including government assistance and any income derivable from savings.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'living wage' in WordNet:
         1. living wage - (a wage sufficient for a worker and family to subsist comfortably)

Super-classes Wage^c
Livelihood^c

Lizard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lizard`
Description	CYC: The collection of all lizards; a subset of #$Reptile. Each element of #$Lizard is a toothed reptile with a tail and (with some exceptions) limbs, external ears, eyes with movable lids, and without enclosing shells. Reptiles range in size from less than an inch long to that of the large #$KomodoDragon. The collection #$Lizard constitutes a biological suborder (also called Sauria or Lacertilia). Colloquially, 'lizard' may denote a crocodile, but compare #$Crocodilian. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lizard' in WordNet: 1. (1) lizard - (relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail)`
Super-classes	Quadruped^c Reptile^c
Sub-classes	Iguana^c Chameleon^c Gecko^c

Lladro-Figurine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lladro-Figurine`
Description	CYC: A collection of porcelain #$Figurines that are made by #$Lladro-CommercialOrganization. They are known for their high quality.
Super-classes	Figurine^c
Restrictions	wasManufacturedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lladro^c

Llama^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Llama`
Description	A llama, a species related to the camel, but living naturally in the Andes, and domesticated in many places. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'llama' in WordNet: 1. llama - (wild or domesticated South American cud-chewing animal related to camels but smaller and lacking a hump)`
Super-classes	Ruminant^c
Sub-classes	KashmirGoat^c Alpaca^c

LlamaWool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LlamaWool`
Description
Super-classes	Wool^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Llama^c

Load^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Load`
Description	A 'Load' is an ''ObjectGroup'' that is being transported in some ''Conveyance'' in some ''TransportationEvent''. This ''ObjectGroup'' is vague - it can be what is carried when a ''Conveyance'' is full, or only partly full. This is usually used for a full ''Load'' of all the things carried, but that is not specified in this type, and part of the ''ObjectGroup'' carried in a ''TransportationEvent''. So any one or group of passengers riding in a car pool could be an instance of this type. Needs more specificity. If a ''Load'' is being carried for pay, it is an instance of the subtype '''Cargo''. NOTE: for a quantitative measure of how much can be carried in a ''Container'' use ''ContainerFull''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'load' (specifically the quantity that can be transported or is being transported in any one ''TransportationEvent'' in any one ''Conveyance''. But the example seems to refer to the quantity that is in fact being transported at some time: (this is not for a quantity being processed): in Wordnet: 2. (3) load, loading - (a quantity that can be processed or transported at one time; 'the system broke down under excessive loads')
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c RoleInAnEvent^c HumanScaleObject^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op some TransportationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Cargo^c

Loaded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loaded`
Description	To be ''Full'' is for a container-like thing to contain as Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loaded' in Wordnet: 1. (3) laden, loaded, ladened - (filled with a great quantity; 'a tray loaded with dishes'; 'table laden with food'; '`ladened' is not current usage')
Super-classes	Full^c

LoadedDown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoadedDown

Description

''LoadedDown'' is an attribute of a ''PhysicalObject'' that has a heavier than usual load of some objects to bear (in various ways)..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'loaded down' in Wordnet:
         2. burdened, heavy-laden, loaded down - (bearing a physically heavy weight or load;
           'tree limbs burdened with ice'; 'a heavy-laden cart'; 'loaded down with packages')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Loading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loading`
Description	The Event of placing objects or materials into or onto a container or platform, including loading things onto conveyances, loading bullets into a gun, loading a CD into a CD player, putting objects into a ''Bag'', etc. One restriction requires that the object or substance loaded be specified by the 'hadThingAffected' relation (applicable to parent 'ActionOnObject') The other restriction requires that the object into which the thing is loaded be specified by the 'hasEndingPlace' relation applicable to translation events. Includes all 3 senses of 'load' in WordNet: 1. (8) load, lade, laden, load up - (fill or place a load on; 'load a car'; 'load the truck with hay') 2. (3) load, charge - (provide with munition; 'He loaded his gun carefully') 3. load - (put (something) on a structure or conveyance; 'load the bags onto the trucks')
Super-classes	ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) hadThingAffected^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	BaggingSomething^c ChargingaHolder^c LoadingaBoat^c

LoadingaBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoadingaBoat`
Description	The Action of placing objects or materials into or onto a ''Boat''. This can be performed at a ''Dock'' or elsewhere, such as at sea (e.g. transfer from another boat or loading oil from an offshore well) `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'load' in Wordnet: 3. load - (put (something) on a structure or conveyance; "load the bags onto the trucks")`
Super-classes	Loading^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some (Watercraft^c or TransportationDeviceType^c)

LoafOfBread^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoafOfBread

Description

A 'LoafOfBread' is a SolidFoodObject consisting of baked bread, in a size that can be easily handled by a person - usually from half a pound to several pounds.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loaf' and sense 1 of 'loaf of bread' in WordNet:
   1. (3) loaf of bread, loaf - (a shaped mass of baked bread)

Super-classes BreadObject^c

Loafer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loafer`
Description	'Loafer' is a trademark, but is used generically for this kind of shoe. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loafer' in WordNet: 2. Loafer - (a low leather step-in shoe; the top resembles a moccasin but it has a broad flat heel)`
Super-classes	Shoe^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Comfortable^c

Loam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loam`
Description	A specialization of #$Soil-Generic. Each instance of #$Loam is a portion of soil composed of a mixture of clay, silt, sand and organic matter. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loam' in WordNet: 1. loam - (a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials)`
Super-classes	Soil^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rich-Fertile^c

Loan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loan`
Description	A ''Loan'' is a ''BorrowedObject'' That is a sum of money.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loan' in WordNet: 1. (19) loan - (the temporary provision of money (usually at interest))`
Super-classes	BorrowedObject^c AbstractObject^c MoneyObject^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some MakingaMoneyLoan^c

LoanAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoanAgreement`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$TemporaryUserRightsAgreements. In each #$Agreement, one party will give something of value (usually money) to a second party, and the second party will pay the money back, often paying interest as well. Among other options, the parties can agree that there will be repeating #$Paying events, with the same amount paid each time; or they may agree that all the money will be paid back all at once.
Super-classes	LegalAgreement^c
Sub-classes	MortgageAgreement^c

LoanContract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoanContract`
Description	A ''LoanContract'' is a 'Contract' which specifies the terms for a loan of money. (a FIBO type 'LoanContract)
Super-classes	Contract^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value LoanAgreement^c
Sub-classes	MortgageLoanContract^c

LoanWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoanWord`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loanword' in WordNet: 1. loanword, loan - (a word borrowed from another language; e.g. 'blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English)`
Super-classes	Word^c

LobbingaTennisBall^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LobbingaTennisBall

Description

Each ''LobbingaTennisBall'' is a ''TennisStroke'' in which the ball is hit at a high angle and not hit hard or directly at the

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lob' in WordNet:
         1. (1) lob - (propel in a high arc; 'lob the tennis ball')
       WN noun 'lob':
         1. lob - (an easy return of a tennis ball in a high arc)

Super-classes TennisStroke^c

Lobbying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lobbying`
Description	''Lobbying' is an ''AttemptingToPersuade'' some government official to perform some official act in support of the ''Lobbyist''s cause. `Corresponds approximatel to noun sense 1 of 'lobby' in WordNet: 1. (1) lobby, buttonhole - (detain in conversation by or as if by holding on to the outer garments of; as for political or economic favors)`
Super-classes	AttemptingToPersuade^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op value PublicOfficial^c

Lobbyist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lobbyist`
Description	A ''Lobbyist' is a ''Persuader''who tries to convince legislators or other government officials to perform some Action, usually but not necessariy for the financial benefit of the Lobbyist or the Organization employing her/him. Public interest ''Lobbyist''s lobby for a 'good cause'. `A lobbyist is a Professional who attempts to influence Politicians Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lobbyist' in WordNet: 1. lobbyist - (someone who tries to persuade legislators to vote for bills that the lobbyists favor)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Persuader^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Lobbying^c

Lobe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lobe`
Description	A ''Lobe'' is a part of an Organism, Plant or Animal, that is connected to a lerger art of the Organism but having a rounded outline and identifiable from other parts. Commonly mentioned ''Lobe''s are the lobes of the ''Lung'' and 'Brain'' and ''Earlobe''s and leaf lobes. `NOTE: WN has the plant and animal types separate, and those could be subtypes of this more general type. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'lobe' in WordNet: 1. (6) lobe - ((anatomy) a somewhat rounded subdivision of a bodily organ or part; 'ear lobe') 2. lobe - ((botany) a part into which a leaf is divided)`
Super-classes	OrganismPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value OrganismPart^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rounded^c

Lobster^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lobster

Description

The American Lobster - does not include spiny lobsters,...

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lobster' in WordNet:
      2. lobster - (any of several edible marine crustaceans of the families Homaridae and Nephropsidae and Palinuridae)

Super-classes Scavenger^c
MeatBearingAnimal^c
Crustacean^c

Local^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Local`
Description	'Local' is an AttributeValue of things (Events,Attributes, PhysicalObjects) that are restricted or predominant only in some restricted region; this contrasts with attributes such as 'General' 'National', 'International' or 'Global' for which a wider region of applicability is intended. This can be used for 'local anaesthesia' as well as local laws. The essential meaning is that the applicability of the object of the attribute is confined to some subregion of a larger region, which may be specified, or understood in context. The subAttribute ''Localized'' is similar, but used commonly for diseases. The contrast to a larger region should be explicit, but representing such a contrast will require FOL (the notional 'isApplicableTo' relation here is not part of COSMO) (=> (hasAttributeValue ?R Local) (and (isApplicableTo ?R ?Region1) (exists ?Region2 (isLargerThan ?Region2 ?Region1) (isapartOf ?Region1 ?Region2) (not (isApplicableTo ?R ?Region2)))) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'level' in WordNet: 2. (3) local - (of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood; 'local customs'; 'local schools'; 'the local citizens'; 'a local point of view'; 'local outbreaks of flu'; 'a local bus line')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Localized^c

LocalAnesthesia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalAnesthesia`
Description	''LocalAnesthesia'' is an ''Anesthesia'' that affects only one part of the body without causing loss of consciousness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'local anesthesia' in WordNet: 1. local anesthesia, local anaesthesia - (loss of sensation in a small area of the body (as when a local anesthetic is injected for a tooth extraction))`
Super-classes	Anesthesia^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Localized^c requiresResource^op value LocalAnesthetic^c

LocalAnesthetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalAnesthetic`
Description	CYC: Drugs which numb the body to pain and other sensation, but only in the area of the body where they are administered. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'local anaesthetic' in WordNet: 1. local anesthetic, local anaesthetic, local, topical anesthetic, topical anaesthetic - (anesthetic that numbs a particular area of the body)`
Super-classes	Anesthetic^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value LocalAnesthesia^c
Sub-classes	Cocaine^c

LocalGovernmentOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalGovernmentOrganization`
Description	CYC: A specialization of both #$LegalGovernmentOrganization and #$LocalOrganization. Each instance of #$LocalGovernmentOrganization is any government organization -- whether federal, state, county, or municipal -- that is specific to, i.e., has jurisdiction and/or services generally limited to, one (local) location. For example, a Board of Education of a particular school district is a #$LocalGovernmentOrganization, because its authority extends to schools in a limited (local) area; in the U.S., such a Board answers to another #$LocalGovernmentOrganization, typically a city or township government. In another example, an instance of #$VeteransAdministrationMedicalCenter is a local organization in terms of its service area, but bureaucratically it belongs to the U.S. Federal government; thus, #$VeteransAdministrationMedicalCenter is a specialization of both #$LocalGovernmentOrganization and #$USFederalGovernmentOrganization.
Super-classes	LocalOrganization^c LegalGovernmentOrganization^c
Sub-classes	FireDepartment^c

LocalGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalGroup`
Description	A 'LocalGroup' is a Group consisting exclusively of PhysicalObjects, and located in some specific location. This is more specific than 'ObjectGroup' in requiring that the place inwhich all the objects are located by specified explicitly or implicitly in the assertion using this type.. `Some examples are toolkits, football teams while together on the field, and flocks of sheep.`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	Population^c MobOfThings^c BandOfPeople^c Attendees^c PanelistGroup^c Cluster^c

LocalIntercommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalIntercommunication`
Description	A ''LocalIntercommunication'' is a form of ''Intercommunication'' that takes place between two or more people (or electronic devices) within a single ''Structure'' (e.g. a building or large ship).
Super-classes	Intercommunication^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInside^op value Structure^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Local^c

LocalLawEnforcementOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalLawEnforcementOfficer`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$LawEnforcementOfficers who serve in #$LocalPoliceOrganizations: that is, who serve in law enforcement organizations whose jurisdiction is at the city, borough, or county level, or at a comparable level within an analogous federalized law enforcement system.
Super-classes	LawEnforcementOfficer^c
Sub-classes	PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c Constable^c

LocalOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$LocalOrganization is a non-geopolitical organization having local 'scope' - that is, its members are distributed in a local area (for example, in a #$Neighborhood, #$City, or rural region), or it has a local (as opposed to national or international) area of activity and concern.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	CityGovernment^c SingleSiteOrganization^c Aquarium-Organization^c LocalGovernmentOrganization^c

LocalOutdoorAirObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalOutdoorAirObject`
Description	A ''LocalOutdoorAirObject'' is an ''AmbientAirObject'' that surrounds some ''OutdoorLocation''. The size of this Object can range from the immediate surrounds of a building to a city or statewide region.
Super-classes	AmbientAirObject^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value OutdoorObject^c

LocalRetailOrganization^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalRetailOrganization

Description

In Cyc and SUMO this category is called 'RetailStore', but in COSMO that term is used to refer to the physical object that is a building or part of a building where retail activities occur. This is the Organization that operates such a facility. This concept is renamed for COSMO.

      Cyc: An Organization that conducts business at
       a single site.  This could be a branch of a larger Organization
       with multiple sites, but that branch is represented here as
       an Organization controlling only one site.

       Cyc: A specialization of #$RetailOrganization.  Each
        instance of #$RetailStore is a local single-site
        organization (but not necessarily a stand-alone business,
        since it might be part of a chain of retail stores) which
        sells goods directly to consumers at the organization's
        #$physicalQuarters.  Note that the parent company in a chain
        of retail stores (such as #$KMart-TheCompany) is _not_, in
        general, an instance of #$RetailStore, but a local store in
        a chain generally is (for example, all instances of
        #$KMartStore are instances of #$RetailStore).

        SUMO: A Store where individuals who are not
         representing an Organization purchase items.  This distinguishes
         retail stores from wholesale establishments, where the purchasers
         are businesses or their representatives, as well as mail order or
         office buildings where transactions are facillitated but the consumer
         does not take possession of the item on the premises.  More succinctly,
         the complement of WholesaleStore, i.e. 
         MercantileOrganizations that sell their goods to the general public.

Super-classes OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers^c
RetailOrganization^c
SingleSiteOrganization^c

LocalRetailStoreOrganization^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalRetailStoreOrganization

Description

A single-site retail Organization. Not part of a ''ChainOrganization''. Mom-and-pop shops, e.g. This may be an informal 'Organization' for really small operations.

       CYC: 'LocalRetailStore': A specialization of #$RetailOrganization.  Each
        instance of #$RetailStore is a local single-site
        organization (but not necessarily a stand-alone business,
        since it might be part of a chain of retail stores) which
        sells goods directly to consumers at the organization's
        #$physicalQuarters.  Note that the parent company in a chain
        of retail stores (such as #$KMart-TheCompany) is _not_, in
        general, an instance of #$RetailStore, but a local store in
        a chain generally is (for example, all instances of
        #$KMartStore are instances of #$RetailStore)

Super-classes RetailOrganization^c
SingleSiteOrganization^c

LocalRoad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocalRoad`
Description	A ''LocalRoad'' is a ''Roadway' that is contained within a single local jurisdiction (such as a City) and is not a ''MainRoad'' (no longer than 3000 meters). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'local road' in WordNet: 1. local road, local street - (a street that is primarily used to gain access to the property bordering it)`
Super-classes	Path-Simple^c Street^c PublicProperty^c
Sub-classes	DeadEnd^c

Locality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Locality`
Description	A ''Locality'' is an ''Outdoors'' location that can be larger than a City, with the subtype ''Neighborhood'' being smaller than a city. This region is smaller than a large area like a state, and related to things by distance not by geopolitical divisions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locality' in WordNet: 1. (6) vicinity, locality, neighborhood, neighbourhood, neck of the woods - (a surrounding or nearby region; 'the plane crashed in the vicinity of Asheville'; 'it is a rugged locality'; 'he always blames someone else in the immediate neighborhood'; 'I will drop in on you the next time I am in this neck of the woods')`
Super-classes	Outdoors^c
Restrictions	isLargerThan^op value CityBlock^c
Sub-classes	Neighborhood^c

Localized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Localized`
Description	''Localized'' is an AttributeValue of things (Events,Attributes, PhysicalObjects) that are present in some ''PhysicalPartOfObject'' rather than throughout the entire object. This has a meaning similar to that of the parent Attribute ''Local'' but is used largely for diseases, or in other technical contexts. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'localized' in Wordnet: 1. localized, localised - (confined or restricted to a particular location; 'the localized infection formed a definite abscess')`
Super-classes	Local^c
Sub-classes	BodyLocalized^c

Locally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Locally

Description

''Locally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the attribute modified applies only within a 'local' area. 'the Earth is locally flat', or as an ''AdverbOfManner'' specifies that the action was performed in some restricted location..

        Includes but is broader than  adverb sense 1 of 'locally' in WordNet:
            1. (2) locally - (by a particular locality; 'it was locally decided')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
AdverbialModifier^c

LocatedOpposite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocatedOpposite

Description

'LocatedOpposite' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is on the opposite side of some space from another object; this AttributeValue is relative to the Object that is what the subject thing is opposite to.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'opposite' in WordNet:
        1. (9) opposite - (being directly across from each other;
            facing; 'And I on the opposite shore will be, ready to ride 
            and spread the alarm'- Longfellow;
            'we lived on opposite sides of the street'; 'at opposite poles')
         2. (4) opposite, paired - (of leaves etc; growing in pairs on either
             side of a stem; 'opposite leaves')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LocatingInIntendedPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocatingInIntendedPosition`
Description	CYC: A collection of events, and a subcollection of #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere. In each instance of #$LocatingInIntendedPosition, an #$Agent-Generic guides an #$objectMoving to an intended #$toLocation; that is, the #$toLocation corresponds to the #$target of the motion. Examples include: placing a book in the correct place on the library shelves, hanging a picture on the wall, and screwing the top on a bottle. Non-examples are: absent-mindedly leaving a book on the floor (guided motion, but without a particular target), and throwing a basketball through the hoop (not guided motion, though the target is reached). `This can be used for positioning more than one object in a particular pattern. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'position' in WordNet: 1. (2) position - (cause to be in an appropriate place, state, or relation) 2. (1) put, set, place, pose, position, lay - (put into a certain place or abstract location; 'Put your things here'; 'Set the tray down'; 'Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children'; 'Place emphasis on a certain point')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Sub-classes	DeployingResources^c PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c PoisingSomething^c Superimposing^c

LocatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocatingSomething`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which the ''Location'' of something (event, physical object) is found (located, discovered, etc.). For finding a Physical Object use the subtype ''FindingAPhysicalObject''. ''LocatingSomething'' requires a ''Perceiving'' (in some sense, directly or by instrument) of something: Event, Object, Location. The 'location' determined for the thing located is pointed to by the relation ''isaPerceptionOf''. NOTE: for 'putting something in a location' use ''LocatingInIntendedPosition''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'locate' in WordNet: 1. (16) locate, turn up - (discover the location of; determine the place of; find by searching or examining; 'Can you locate your cousins in the Midwest?'; 'My search turned up nothing') 2. (12) situate, locate - (determine or indicate the place, site, or limits of, as if by an instrument or by a survey; 'Our sense of sight enables us to locate objects in space'; 'Locate the boundaries of the property")
Super-classes	Ascertaining^c PurposefulAction^c Perceiving^c Finding-Generic^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	DiscoveringByExcavating^c Pinpointing^c Rediscovering^c FindingAPhysicalObject^c

LocationAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocationAttribute`
Description	Each class of a LocationAttribute specifies some kind of Location, usually relative, in which the designated Object is wholly located.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Western^c SouthWestern^c Eastern^c Offstage^c Northern^c SouthEastern^c Airborne^c NorthEastern^c NorthWestern^c Underground^c Onstage^c BodyLocationAttribute^c Southern^c

LocationMarker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocationMarker`
Description	A 'LocationMarker'' is a ''Marker'' that serves to provide viewers with some kind of information about the location of the spot where the marker is,or the direction of a nearby path, or in which direction other objects are, or how far away other objects or locations are.
Super-classes	Marker^c
Restrictions	isaSignOf^op some GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	Buoy^c DistanceMarker^c Bookmark^c StreetSign^c

LocationMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocationMeasure`
Description	A measure defining a location, relative to an object or coordinate system.
Super-classes	LocationOrOrientationAttribute^c GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	LatLong^c Longitude^c Latitude^c AltitudeValue^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AboveTheHorizon

LocationMeasureType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocationMeasureType`
Description	LocationMeasureType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances and an argument restriction for the hasLocation relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
In range of	hasLocation^op
Members	Latitude AltitudeValue LatLong LocationMeasure Longitude

LocationOrOrientationAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocationOrOrientationAttribute`
Description	Any attribute of location, directional orientation, or other attributes related to position, orientation, or direction of motion. Subtypes may be qualitative or quantitative AttributeValues.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PositionalAttribute^c LocationMeasure^c

LocationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocationType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a type of Location (spatial location) as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	IntelligentAgentType^c AbstractObjectType^c AccountType^c HabitatType^c PhysicalObjectType^c OrganizationType^c
In domain of	hasSpatialPartType^op
In range of	hasSpatialPartType^op
Members	Darkroom AboveGroundLevel Fairway HighestPoint Patio BrightPartOfAnImage Midst Bedroom OutdoorRecreationArea Shore Karst SalientPart Separation FloridaKey OutsideTheHouse USA_State UnconsciousMind SpatiotemporalRegionSeries SpaceInAHOC Prick Surface-Generic LibraryRoom StateRegion InFrontOfSomething Dormitory Slum Monastery Residence Slit Empire OfficeSpace-Personal SoftGround StraightPath TheDownstairs PuttingGreenCup Upstate Battlefield HillOrMountain ArtificialBiosphere WebLog SceneOfEvent Park Colony DistantLocation Discotheque NaturalWorld OfficialResidence OutdoorLocation Upstairs RetreatLocation ControlledEnvironment RuralArea Commune Overlook SanitaryLandfill Ashore LandTopographicalFeature WaterStorageObject Veranda Place Nursery ShelteredPlace Heaven Leak TouristAttraction EarlySettlement Facebook Tepee ConvexHull EnduringThing-Localized Hangout PiercedHole ElectricCircuitGap EntertainmentSpot ShoppingMall GenericLocation PrecinctRegion Mountainside Clearance RealEstate RestStop FrontierSettlement ButtonHole Vineyard EntranceHall StableStall AssignedPost ShipCabin SubConscious Porch CavityWithWalls DigitalComputer ExteriorWall Moor Compartment Destination RecreationalArea Municipality UndergroundLocation Hallway StoppingPlace Provenance Storefront DefensiveStructure PhysicalObject PublicallyAccessiblePlace Setting Page ElevatorShaft SceneOfaCrime Site Reef Country Base Channel Quad Highlight PolicePrecinct GenericIntersection ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation Courtyard Hill AbstractDigitalObject MidAir InsideLocation CrashPad SchoolDistrict Township FingerHole RelativeLocation Facility-Generic PopulatedCommunity LandArea Venue Wigwam OutsideLocation DigitalInformationBearingObject EcologicalArea Hall Volcano Interior Basement EcologicalPlace AmusementPark Environment-Generic Mainland Aisle Hades Neighborhood Precinct PlainArea GeopoliticalRegion AccessiblePath Hillside WaterWorks DrilledHole Arcade OffSiteLocation Hole GarbageDump SiteOfAnEvent BetweenTwoObjects ElectoralDistrict Jurisdiction EventTrajectory Borough RuralRegion Puncture Fortification Opening FinishLine ComputerFile-Abstract Town SpatialThing ElectionDistrict GroupOfNations PlaceAtaDistance PossibleWorld PortCity ArchaeologicalSite Bastion MultiEthnicCommunity Region SpatialArea NightClub Attraction Backyard RecreationalFacility Slot Campground StageOrSet Computer Bedside DesiredObjectDestination Southland WorkingSpot Outstation SocialMediaWebsite Blood MineralVein MythicalPlace ComputerFile HomeTown Prefecture Yard-BuildingGrounds WebSite BackCountry EavesGutter TelephoneExchange SpaceTime FictionalContext RetreatNook Sky Shire Breach CityPark IndianLodge Lodging AbstractDocument CountyRegion TheWorkingField Aperture Auditorium County SeatingArea Canyon Cockpit Fishery OutdoorArea Village Parsonage Kitchen PrisonCoolerCell DeckOfaBuilding Cliff Shortcut Loft Proximity Stoop VerticalShaft Mind Confluence ControlledFire LongDormantVolcano Province EntertainmentFacility KeyHole CoralReef ShowRoom Heath OuterSpaceLocation Outdoors ExperimentalFacility Bunker MarketPlace Courtroom Dock Fieldwork Cloister Locality TopFloor OreBonanza MeetingRoom Hell GeopoliticalEntity Kashmir DryLand Nook EyeHole GroundFloor Storey Ground IndoorLocation GroupVolume OilField Valley HospitalWard GovernmentalCommune Barricade SunParlor Atoll CoinSlot SpatialCell Ecosystem EcologicalRegion Newsroom Stronghold Exterior SpiritWorld PlaceOfResidence TownSquare Campsite Ballroom PoliceRoadblock Checkpoint StateOrProvince AtSea Mountain Path-Spatial Stairwell StartingPlace Field OfficeSpace Attic WoodedArea GatheringPlace Escarpment Chamber ThemePark PrisonCell OfficeRoom NationalPark RoundTripDestination SecuritiesExchange

Lock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lock`
Description	Any device that prevents a person from opening a PortalCovering without a restricted method (key or lock combination). `NOTE: a 'Lock'' holds two objects together: e.g. a mobile door and a container with a door, but it also can hold two gates together or two doors that swing outward from a container. So this can be classified as a ''FasteningObject''. SUMO: A Device, which, through a Key or a combination prevents access to a Container or StationaryArtifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lock' in WordNet: 1. (6) lock - (a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c AntiTheftDevice^c Fastener^c
Sub-classes	Padlock^c DoorLatch^c KeyedLock^c

Lockdown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lockdown`
Description	A ''Lockdown'' is a ''Confining'' where multiple ''Person''s are temporarily kept from leaving a facility, due to some unexpected Event that requires careful investigation to assess the cause and determine whether there is any hazard and if so, to take action to prevent that problem. `NOTE: the WN sense only indicates that this happens in a Prison, but a ''Lockdown'' can occur in any facility, though usually only one controlled by a government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lockdown' in WordNet: 1. lockdown - (the act of confining prisoners to their cells (usually to regain control during a riot))`
Super-classes	Confining^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c occursAt^op value GovernmentalBuilding^c

Locked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Locked

Description

The opposite of 'Unlocked' (in CYC 'OpenAccess').

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'locked' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) barred, bolted, fast, latched, locked, secured -
          (firmly fastened or secured against opening; 'windows and doors were all fast'; 
          'a locked closet'; 'left the house properly secured')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Locker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Locker`
Description	A 'Locker' is a ''StorageConstruct'' that is usually large enough to hold a small briefcase and may be large enough to hold a suit of clothes on a hanger along with some other objects. These are typically inside buidings, and may be attached to the frame or free-standing but are not designed to be moved while in use. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'locker' (excluding 'cabinet' - this 'locker' has a lock) in WordNet: 1. (4) cabinet, locker, storage locker - (a storage compartment for clothes and valuables; usually it has a lock)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Lock^c hasMinimumWidth^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwelveInches^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonPortable^c

Locket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Locket`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locket' in WordNet: 1. locket - (a small ornamental case; usually contains a picture or a lock of hair and is worn on a necklace)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Case-Container^c
Restrictions	isSuspendedFrom^op value Neck^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c isAttachedTo^op value Necklace^c

LockingMechanism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LockingMechanism`
Description	A ''LockingMechanism'' is the 'Mechanism'' with movable parts inside a ''Lock'' that assists the device in performing its locking function. .
Super-classes	Mechanism^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op value Lock^c enablesOrAssists^op value LockingSomething^c

LockingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LockingSomething`
Description	CYC; An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$ChangingDeviceState. Each instance of #$LockingSomething is an action which changes the state of some lockable device from #$Device-Unlocked to #$Device-Locked. This is an Action in which two objects or parts of the same object are fastened together temporararilly (this is a ''Fastening'' Action) using a ''Lock'' of some kind so that they cannot be unfastened without using the proper key or proper combination or other code or device that the ''Lock'' reqires for unlocking. The intention is to prevent access, and possibly to make some objects safe from theft or harm. This can be for locking doors to oudoor areas or doors to indoor rooms or doors to storage closets or cabinets or latches on briefcases. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lock' in WordNet: 1. (8) lock - (fasten with a lock; "lock the bike to the fence")
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c ClosingSomething^c Fastening^c ChangingDeviceState^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Lock^c hasStateAfterChange^op value Locked^c usesDeviceType^op value Lock^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value UnlockingALock^c hasStateBeforeChange^op value Unlocked^c
Sub-classes	PadlockingSomething^c

Lockout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lockout`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lockout' in WordNet: 1. lockout - (a management action resisting employee's demands; employees are barred from entering the workplace until they agree to terms)`
Super-classes	BusinessManagementEvent^c ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BusinessManagement^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Employee^c

Locomotion-SolidSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Locomotion-SolidSurface`
Description	CYC: The collection of all locomotion events in which the locomotor moves along, and is supported by, a #$SolidTangibleThing. Includes walking, slithering, somersaulting, etc.
Super-classes	LocomotionProcess^c TranslationAlongASurface^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PhysicalContactSituation^c
Sub-classes	TraversingaRoute^c Creeping^c Ambulation^c RidingInaRoadVehicle^c

LocomotionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocomotionEvent`
Description	This is the collection of movement events in which the #$primaryObjectMoving is moving under its own control, and usually under its own power. This entails that the moving object is an agent. Most animals, many bacteria, and some robots are capable of #$LocomotionEvents; inanimate objects and plants are not.
Super-classes	Translation-SingleTrajectory^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	LocomotionProcess^c CarryingWhileLocomoting^c Traffic^c LocomotionEvent-Animal^c LeavingaPlace^c

LocomotionEvent-Animal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocomotionEvent-Animal`
Description	A specialization of #$LocomotionEvent, #$AnimalActivity, #$SingleDoerAction, and #$PurposefulAction. In each instance of #$LocomotionEvent-Animal, the object moving (see #$objectMoving) is an instance of #$Animal. Notable specializations of #$LocomotionEvent-Animal include #$Climbing, #$Swimming-Generic, and #$WalkingOnTwoLegs. Other specializations include types of events, such as single-person canoeing and #$Skating, in which a person moves himself or herself using a device to which s/he supplies the motive force. Note that instances of locomotion of several animals working together; e.g., tandam bicycling, a crew team rowing a boat, running a three-legged race; are not instances of this collection. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'locomotion' in WordNet: 2. locomotion, travel - (self-propelled movement)`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c SingleDoerAction^c LocomotionEvent^c
Sub-classes	Ambulation^c CarryingaRider^c ScatteringApart^c StrokingMovement^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c Creeping^c Perching^c

LocomotionProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocomotionProcess`
Description	COSMO note: This is not a ''PhysicalProcess'' (a ProcessType), but an Event. The name should be changed. Cyc: The collection of processes in which a #$providerOfMotiveForce moves from one place to another under, or as if under, its own control. This includes not only animals moving around autonomously (c.f. #$LocomotionProcess-Animal), but also locomoting devices such as cars, submarines, and airplanes, which are controlled either internally or remotely by distinct #$Agents, but share significant properties with locomoting #$Animals - notably that their trajectories are not just functions of forces such as gravity and resistance, but rather can have abrupt changes of direction or speed that are or appear purposeful. This collection also explicitly includes locomoting events in which the #$providerOfMotiveForce is a non-agent natural force such as gravity, so long as the object moving is or appears to be in control of its trajectory of motion. Thus someone downhill skiing or hang-gliding would be a positive example.
Super-classes	LocomotionEvent^c
Sub-classes	Gliding^c GoingSomewhere^c FlyingAction^c Locomotion-SolidSurface^c ZigZagging^c Racing^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c ChasingSomething^c

LocomotionProcess-Animal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocomotionProcess-Animal`
Description	NOTE that in COSMO, any Animal 'locomotion' must be intentional (i.e., an instance of 'PurposefulAction'). `CYC: An event, not a FunctionalProcess, in which an animal moves from one place to another by its own power. A #$LocomotionProcess-Animal is an activity considered as a #$TemporalStuffType, in which any time-slice of the activity can also be considered an instance of that activity. Subsets of #$LocomotionProcess-Animal include: #$AnimalWalkingProcess, #$Brachiating, #$Climbing, #$WheelchairLocomotionEvent, #$Boring-Locomotion, etc.`
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationProcess^c LocomotionProcess^c LocomotionEvent-Animal^c PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	Jumping^c Climbing^c EnteringaStructure^c Swimming^c Running^c EnteringAVehicle^c Scrambling^c

Locust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Locust`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locust' in WordNet: 1. (2) locust - (migratory grasshoppers of warm regions having short antennae)`
Super-classes	Grasshopper^c

LocustTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocustTree

Description

An Individual ''LocustTree''.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locust tree' in WordNet:
       1. locust tree, locust - (any of various hardwood trees of the family Leguminosae)

Super-classes Tree^c

Lode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lode`
Description	A ''Loode'' is a large quantity of ''Ore'' that is still located underground, ''InSitu''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lode' in WordNet: 1. lode, load - (a deposit of valuable ore occurring within definite boundaries separating it from surrounding rocks)`
Super-classes	NaturalObjectInSitu^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InSitu^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Ore^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Subterranean^c

Lodging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lodging`
Description	Any HumanShelterConstruction where people can sleep. This includes temporary lodgings that cannot be considered as residences (such as 'caravan'-style ''RecreationalVehicles''), as well as permanent residences, and any shelter space or dorm space or hospital room where a person can sleep for the night. `SUMO: A Building or part of a Building which provides some accomodation for sleeping. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lodging' in WordNet: 1. (2) housing, lodging, living accommodations - (structures collectively in which people are housed)`
Super-classes	Role^c HumanShelterConstruction^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value SleepingEvent^c
Sub-classes	TemporaryLodgings^c Residence^c IndianLodge^c CampingVehicle^c HospitalWard^c MilitaryQuarters^c

LodgingSomewhere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LodgingSomewhere`
Description	'Lodging' is the PersistentState of one or more people staying at least for one night in some location, that location being the place where one (at least intends to) sleep. This can be a (more or less) permanent 'Residing' , a temporary visit, a one-night hotel stay, or a 'Camping'. For non-human animals dwelling somewhere use 'DwellingSomewhere'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reside' and sense 1 of 'lodge in' and part of verb sense 1 of 'live' in WordNet: WN verb 'reside': 2. (1) occupy, reside, lodge in - (live (in a certain place)) WN verb 'live': 1. (133) dwell, live, inhabit - (inhabit or live in; 'People lived in Africa millions of years ago'; 'The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted'; 'this kind of fish dwells near the bottom of the ocean') WN noun 'occupancy' 1. (2) occupancy, tenancy - (an act of being a tenant or occupant)
Super-classes	SocialState^c Living^c HumanOccupancy^c PersonalCircumstances^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value Lodging^c occursAt^op some (LocationType^c or House^c or Apartment^c or ApartmentBuilding^c or HotelBuilding^c or Motel^c) hasMinimumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwelveHours^c isPerformedBy^op min 1
Sub-classes	Camping^c Residing^c

Loft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loft`
Description	A ''Loft'' is a ''Storey'' that is also a ''Room'', in that it has no partitions, and is located directly above some ''PlaceOfBusiness''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loft' in WordNet: 1. (1) loft - (floor consisting of a large unpartitioned space over a factory or warehouse or other commercial space)`
Super-classes	Storey^c Room^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyAbove^op value PlaceOfBusiness^c isDirectlyAbove^op value GroundFloor^c

Lofty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lofty

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lofty' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) exalted, sublime, grand, high-flown, high-minded, lofty, 
              rarefied, rarified, idealistic, noble-minded -
              (of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style; 
              'an exalted ideal'; 'argue in terms of high-flown ideals'- Oliver Franks; 
              'a noble and lofty concept'; 'a grand purpose')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LogBook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogBook`
Description	A ''LogBook'' is a ''Book-Physical'' that is the physical representation of a ''RecordBook'', and has some ''EventSeries'' as the topic. `In contrast to many types of ''RecordBook'', a 'Logbook'' will often have only one handwritten copy, so this type represents the physical book. If needed, an abstract representation of this can be created, in which case that would be a subtype of ''RecordBook''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logbook' in WordNet: 1. logbook - (a book in which the log is written)`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c WrittenRecord^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value EventSeries^c

LogOfWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogOfWood`
Description	A log or section of a tree, no longer living. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'log' in WordNet: 1. (7) log - (a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches)`
Super-classes	PieceOfWood^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CuttingUpaTree^c

Logging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logging`
Description	''Logging'' is a form of ''ManualLabor'' in which ''Lumberjack''s exert manual effort (often these days in cooperation with heavy machinery) to cut down multiple trees (each being one instance of ''CuttingUpaTree'' and arbitrarily set to min 20 events in the restriction) and prepare the logs for shipping to a processing plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logging' in WordNet: 1. (1) logging - (the work of cutting down trees for timber) WN verb 'log': 2. (1) log, lumber - (cut lumber, as in woods and forests)`
Super-classes	ManualLabor^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Lumberjack^c hasSubEvent^op min 20

Logic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logic`
Description	''Logic'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' and is associated Methodology that concerns itself with the use of symbolic mathematical reasoning methods to allow drawing verifiably true (or at least consistent) inferences from postulates and axioms in any closed system of propositions. Uses ''Reasoning'' and its subtye ''Inferring'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logic' in WordNet: 1. (2) logic - (the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c Methodology^c
Restrictions	makesUseOf^op value Reasoning^c hasTopic^op value Reasoning^c

Logical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logical

Description

''Logical'' is the attribute of logical thinking processes and arguments, including but not restricted to formal ''Logic''.

    NOTE: WN does not have a sense of 'logical' that specifically represents this
      meaning, but sense 1 comes close.  This is not an attribute or trait of a person,
      but can be applied to the reasoning of a Person or of an automation (e.g. a computer).

   NOTE: A ''ComputerProgram'' in a digital computer is based on Logic, and 
     therefore is considered ''Logical''.  There are 'Deep Neural Network' programs
     that  mimic to some extent the intuitive thinking process in people, but the individual
     steps in such programs are based on logical processes, and in theory they could be 
     traced, so even that is ''Logical''  But the complexity is such that interpreting the
     results in a logical manner is at the current time impractical.

    Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'logical' in WordNet:
        1. (6) logical - (capable of or reflecting the capability
           for correct and valid reasoning; 'a logical mind')

Super-classes Rational^c
Analytical^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

LogicalAssertion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogicalAssertion`
Description	A LogicalSentence that represent an Assertion rather than a query. It may contain variables, as in inference rules. The intended meaning of an Assertion is to add new information to a knowledge base, not to discover information already in it. `A ''LogicalAssertion'' will typically use the well-defined logical elements (such as IF, THEN, UNLESS, FORALL, THEREEXISTS, AND, OR, NOT). These may occur in a full Axiom or within the ''Antecedent'' or ''Consequent'' parts of an Axiom. An Axiom, an ''Antecedent'' and a ''Consequent'' are each a subtype of this ''LogicalAssertion''.`
Super-classes	LogicalSentence^c
Sub-classes	ProblemToBeSolved^c Axiom^c Consequent^c Antecedent^c

LogicalContent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogicalContent`
Description	Each 'LogicalContent' is a Group of one or more 'LogicalSentence's that represent the meaning (in the COSMO canonical form or some translatable form) of some Information. `The restriction requires that each instance of 'LogicalContent' specify what it is the meaning of (some sentence or set of sentences, usually).`
Super-classes	Meaning^c Group^c
Restrictions	isTheMeaningRepresentationOf^op some owl:Thing^c refersToExternalEntity^op some owl:Thing^c hasComponentElement^op some LogicalSentence^c

LogicalFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogicalFunction`
Description	Called just 'Function' in SUMO, but in COSMO that term is reserved for functions that are actions performed by artifacts or naturally evolved biological systems. Linguistically terms that serve as LogicalFunctions can be of any part of speech. LogicalFunctions in COSMO can be ontology elements that are either vague or context-dependent, and are used to represent interpretations of information that is specified with vague or context-dependent terms. Where possible, the LogicalFunction may be implemented by a procedure that attempts to narrow the range of meanings, but if that is not possible, the default vague meanings (being a set of possible meanings) is used in the representation. NOTE: where types rather than instances are to be used as logical functions, (as in QualitativeAttributeValues that are context-sensitive), the types are represented as instances of the metatype 'LogicalFunctionType'. SUMO (Function) ; Function-Denotational (Cyc) A Function in COSMO is used to create new terms (instances or classes) from combinations of other terms. This is somewhat analogous to the use in mathematics and computers,. This notion is not directly supported in OWL, but the Functions are represented in all variant notations of the COSMO, so that they can be translated into notations where functions can be used, and used in that form. SUMO: A Function is a term-forming Relation that maps from a n-tuple of arguments to a range and that associates this n-tuple with at most one range element. Note that the range is a SetOrClass, and each element of the range is an instance of the SetOrClass. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: #$Function-Denotational is the collection of functions the CycL expressions for which can be used to form non-atomic terms (NATs). Specifically, when such a function-denoting expression is appropriately combined with other expressions (i.e. the former is in the 0th argument position and the latter are of the correct number and type) the resulting expression is a new CycL term - a NAT - that may then freely appear as a component in other CycL expressions. The NAT will itself denote the value (if any) of the function denoted by the former expression for the sequence of arguments denoted, respectively, by the latter expressions. For example, #$GovernmentFn is a unary denotational function, and so the CycL constant '#$GovernmentFn' requires one (syntactic) argument (such as the constant '#$France') to form a NAT (in this case, the expression '(#$GovernmentFn #$France)'). This NAT, which denotes the government of France, can in turn serve as a (syntactic) argument in any CycL expression in which (a term for) an instance of #$RegionalGovernment can occur. Alternatively, we could have created a specific new term 'GovernmentOfFrance', asserted that its denotation is an instance of #$RegionalGovernment, and so on. But two related advantages to having NATs in CycL are that they (i) allow for a drastic reduction in the total number of constant terms needed in the CycL vocabulary and (ii) provide a convenient and systematic way to form appropriate new terms as needed out of existing vocabulary (which terms can then inherit from various existing rules and other assertions involving the terms' component expressions). Important subcollections of #$Function-Denotational include #$IndividualDenotingFunction (whose instances always return instances of #$Individual), #$CollectionDenotingFunction, #$SetDenotingFunction, and #$FunctionDenotingFunction (which is itself a subcollection of the first). NATs formed using terms that denote instances of #$FunctionDenotingFunction often denote instances of #$Function-Denotational themselves. Thus, like most other things, denotational functions can be denoted in CycL either by constants (e.g. '#$GovernmentFn') or - although this is less common - by NATs (e.g. '(#$FunctionToArg 2 #$biologicalMother)'). Note that the collection #$Function-Denotational does _not_ include all functions whatsoever. Functions that, given their natures and the nature of the CycL language, could not sensibly be denoted by any NAT-forming CycL expression are not denotational functions. Examples include certain provably-existing exotic mathematical functions, such as (probably) any one-to-one function from the positive integers to the rational numbers. (For a more general collection that does include such functions, and for a more general explication of the notion of function itself, see #$Function-MathematicalObject and its comment). Note also that #$Function-Denotational does not include any of the so-called #$TruthFunctions (q.v.): #$Predicates, #$Quantifiers, or #$LogicalConnectives. For these relations (as construed in CycL) are not really functions at all, even though it can be heuristically useful to think of them as if they were functions from sequences of arguments to truth values.
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	NumericalFunction^c Surprisingly^c Greatly^c QuaternaryFunction^c Sorely^c
In domain of	isaLabelFor^op
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http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#everything http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whatever http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#toward http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#notwithstanding http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anymore Again http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#etcetera http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nor http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anyway http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#aWhileLonger http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#so http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#than http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#them http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Across http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inAddition http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#meanwhile http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ye http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#fucking http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_smoother http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Octuple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#effectively http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#not http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ABitOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#differently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#do http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_best http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#at http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#on http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#quitePerceptibly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#different http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheTypical http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Already http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#him http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#sufficiently Completely http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inwards http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#reportedly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perhaps http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Few http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#off http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#then-adv http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#alongside http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whoever http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#directly http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#attempted http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#always http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#for

LogicalFunctionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogicalFunctionType`
Description	'LogicalFunctionType' is a metaclass used to signal that a particular type (class) represents a concept that needs some functional procedure to properly represent. This is similar in use to the type 'LogicalFunction', but it is used to label types rather than instances. `LogicalFunctions in COSMO are ontology elements that are either vague or context-dependent, and are use to represent interpretations of information that is specified with vague or context-dependent terms. Where possible, the LogicalFunction may be implemented by a procedure that attempts to narrow the range of meanings, but if that is not possible, the default vague meanings (being a set of possible meanings) is used in the representation.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Verbally Accidentally Remotely Approximately Darkly Indirectly Elegantly PerSe Lovingly Silently Relative Newly Realistically Extraordinarily Purposefully Thereof Vigorously Dramatically Strikingly Affectionately Safely FromaDistance Upper Rather Dourly Overwhelmingly Bravely Keenly Brutally Unrealistically Easily Secretly Hind Thereabouts Universally Amazingly SomeCertain Indefinitely Improperly Appropriately Idly Sporadically Conversely Responsibly Aptly Incorrectly Solemnly Categorically Correctly Excusively Specifically Variously Evenly Routinely Richly ThinlySpaced Moderately Fatally Vividly OutOfControl Importantly Chronically Strongly Glumly Openly Unconsciously Discreetly Conveniently Inadvertently Highest Formally Slowest Cruelly Delicately Warily Unexpectedly Uniquely Cleverly Falsely Continually Definitely Ideologically Freely Unfairly Visually Truthfully Accurately Geographically Incredibly Oddly Grudgingly Smoother Paradoxically Canonically Willingly Cheerily Curiously Radically Disproportionately Unanimously Significantly Thereabout Miraculously Consciously Higher Prematurely-OfBirth Innately Relentlessly Cheerfully RaisedUp Constitutionally Separately Intellectually Together Internally Yonder Grimly Alternatively Tentatively Urgently Briskly Tempestuously Sexually Fluently Invariably Colloquially Underneath Prematurely Reliably Theoretically Very InDarkness Wearily Objectively Overboardwise Brightly Suspiciously Scientifically Significantly-Statistics Selectively Admittedly Sic Equally Basically Biologically Developmentally Meagerly Creatively Surreptitiously Warmly Eloquently Anonymously Comfortably Spontaneously Negatively Proportional Politely Informally Precisely Lower Genetically Afar Tragically Deeper Exactly Casually Predominantly Desperately Overboard Vocally Infinitely Nonstoply Retrospectively Everywhere Arguably Technically Solidly Dearly Earnestly RoundTheClockly Thinly Uniformly Stubbornly SortOf Eagerly HeadOn Behindhand Dangerously Fastest Gladly Beforehand Necessarily Lowest Sharply Artificially Nervously Distressingly Sincerely Justly Respectfully Blindly Terminally Somewhat Technologically Extremely Wildly Shabbily Intermittently http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politically Jointly Passionately Deeply Logically Socially Furiously Drastically Manually Violently Instinctively Strangely By-adv Aback Empirically http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respectively Ferociously NonArtificially Professionally Emotionally Calmly InAnEmotionalManner Deepest Uncomfortably Periodically Densely Conceivably Distinctly Fiercely Insincerely Impossibly Retro Severely Statistically Reluctantly Rear FirstHand Hotly Unintentionally Possibly Defensively Happily Sparsely Militarily Voluntarily Knowingly Anxiously Playfully

LogicalQuery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogicalQuery

Description

A 'LogicalQuery' is a 'LogicalSentence'' that is a question in logical form designed to obtain information from a database maintained in a format suitable for questioning by logical formulae such as SQL, SPARQL, or any database query language. A ''LogicalQuery'' uses a logical form with variables representing the information to be discovered, with logical functions such as 'FIND' , 'WHERE', 'AND', 'OR" and others whichay be used by some query languages and not by other.

   A 'database query' would be one subtype, a query to an ontology would be
     another type, and

Super-classes Question^c
LogicalSentence^c

LogicalSentence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogicalSentence`
Description	A syntactically well-formed sentence in some logical language. It may be an assertion, or a query including variable symbols or an inference rule in an if-then format. This will be an abstract representation of a Proposition. NOTE that this is an AbstractString, not the propositional content of the string. Similar to the Cyc 'CycLSentence', though in Cyc this is restricted to the CycL language, in COSMO this type represents all sentences in any logical language. It is necessary that all 'LogicalSentence's in any logic format must be translatable into each other. Cyc: The collection of syntactically well-formed sentences of the CycL language. Each instance of #$CycLSentence consists of a CycL expression denoting an instance of #$TruthFunction (e.g., an instance of #$Predicate or #$SententialRelation) followed by one or more CycL terms (see #$CycLTerm), with the entire sequence enclosed in parentheses. For example, (#$isa #$Collection #$Thing) and (#$genls ?FOO #$SpatialThing) are both CycL sentences. Note that #$CycLSentences need not obey arity constraints (see #$arity) or other semantic constraints (such as argument type constraints; see #$ArgTypePredicate). #$CycLSentences are also called logical formulas , and are to be distinguished from denotational formulas (which are also known as NAT s; see #$CycLNonAtomicTerms). Note that this notion of a CycL sentence is broader than the notion of sentence standardly used in formal logic, where a sentence is defined as a _closed_ well-formed formula: CycL sentences may be _open_ (i.e., contain free variables; see #$CycLOpenSentence)
Super-classes	Phrase^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Sub-classes	LogicalAssertion^c LogicalQuery^c

Logically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logically

Description

''Logically'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions or Actions to characterize them as having a ''Logical'' basis in their reasoning or performance (or not, if negated).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'logically' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) logically - (according to logical reasoning; "logically, 
                you should now do the same to him")
           2. (1) logically - (in a logical manner; "he acted logically under the circumstances")

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

LogicallyContradictory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LogicallyContradictory`
Description	'LogicallyContradictory' is a 'VerbalProbability', an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that cannot be true, in any Possible World, because it violates the rules of logic. This is a subtype of 'Impossible' which may apply to some possible worlds but not to others. The term 'incoherent' may be used in the same sense, but that sense of 'incoherent' is not in Wordnet. This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0.0 to 0.0 (i.e. the chances are zero). This must apply to groups of assertions that have more than one atomic assertion, or are self- contradictory (such as the 'liar' sentence). It is most closely related to 'contradictory' in in WordNet: 1. (1) contradictory - (of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true and both cannot be false; ' 'perfect' and 'imperfect' are contradictory terms')
Super-classes	Inconsistent^c Impossible^c
Restrictions	hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.0^c hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c

Logician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logician`
Description	CYC: The collection of all people whose work involves the study and development of formal logic. Note that most logicians consider themselves either philosophers or mathematicians. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logician' in WordNet: 1. logician, logistician - (a person skilled at symbolic logic)`
Super-classes	Expert^c Person^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Logic^c

Logistical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logistical

Description

''Systematic'' is an AttributeValue of Procedures that

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'logistical' in Wordnet:
         1. logistic, logistical - (of or relating to logistics; 'logistic requirements')

Super-classes Ordered^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c
Planned^c

Logistics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logistics`
Description	''Logistics'' is the action of a ''Supplier'' that delivers needed ''Supplies'' to the place of use. This term is use mostly by large enterprises or the Military forces. NOTE: the specialized military sense (sense 1 in RHW) could be a subtype of ''FieldOfStudy'': RHW 'logistics': 1. the branch of military science and operations dealing with the procurement, supply, and maintenance of equipment, with the movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel, with the provision of facilities and services, and with related matters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logistics' in WordNet: 1. (1) logistics - (handling an operation that involves providing labor and materials be supplied as needed)
Super-classes	Providing^c Delivering^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Procuring^c hadThingTransferred^op value Supplies^c isPerformedBy^op value Supplier^c

Logo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logo

Description

A ''Logo'' is an ''AbstractSymbol'' that represents an Organization. It is usually but not necessarily copyrighted. It may or may not have recognized (often stylized) alphabetical characters or be purely abstract.

      An image which is used to denote an organization,
    product type, etc. It is often copyrighted, and is used on
    product packaging, stationery, advertising, etc. Examples
    include the  NBC 'peacock' mark and the five
        interlocking rings that symbolize the  Olympic Games.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logo' in WordNet:
        1. logo, logotype - (a company emblem or device)

Super-classes AbstractSymbol^c

Logogram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Logogram`
Description	In logic there are some 'Logogram's representing ideas and phrases such as 'for all'; 'or'; 'and' 'there exists'; and 'implies'. In math generally, there are many more. `RHW 'logogram': a conventional, abbreviated symbol for a frequently recurring word or phrase, as the symbol for the word 'and'. Also called logograph; Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logogram' in WordNet: 1. logogram, logograph - (a single written symbol that represents an entire word or phrase without indicating its pronunciation; '7 is a logogram that is pronounced 'seven' in English and 'nanatsu' in Japanese')`
Super-classes	WritingSymbol^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Concept^c

Loin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loin`
Description	A ''Loin'' is the soft BodyPart between the hip and the ribs of some vertebrate animal, including humans. This is the location of the 'pubic' area in humans. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'loin' in WordNet: 2. loin, lumbus - (either side of the backbone between the hipbone and the ribs in humans as well as quadrupeds)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value LoinCut^c

LoinCut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoinCut`
Description	A ''LoinCut'' is a ''CutOfMeat'' (a ''MeatObject'') taken from the ''Loin'' of some animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loin' in WordNet: 1. loin - (a cut of meat taken from the side and back of an animal between the ribs and the rump)`
Super-classes	CutOfMeat^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Loin^c

Loincloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loincloth`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loincloth' in WordNet: 1. breechcloth, breechclout, loincloth - (a garment that provides covering for the loins)`
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c DurableGood^c ClothingItem^c Clothing-Bottom^c FoldableObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Loins^c surrounds-3D^op value HumanHip^c

Loins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loins`
Description	The ''Loins'' is the part of a ''HumanHip'' that are adjacent to (and include??) the ExternalGenitalia. NOTE: NOTE: the CYC entry 'Pubis' seems to refer to this area of the body; the 'pubis' is actually one of the bones of the Hip - see ''Pubis'' CYC 'Pubis': The collection of #$AnimalBodyParts consisting of all pubic areas of mammalian bodies. This is a unique part of a mammal which in #$Persons is covered-Hairlike by #$PubicHair. ?'loins' include or exclude the genitalia?? Definitions not quite precise: RHW: Usually, loins. the part or parts of the human body or of a quadruped animal on either side of the spinal column, between the false ribs and hipbone. (?sounds like the 'waist'!) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loins' in WordNet: 1. (1) pubes, pubic region, loins - (the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs)
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value ExternalSexOrgan^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Trunk-BodyCore^c isAdjacentTo^op value HumanHip^c

Loitering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loitering`
Description	''Loitering'' is a ''StayingInaState'' that is an ''Action'' in which some Person stays, that is does not leave, some location. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'linger' in WordNet: 2. (2) loiter, lounge, footle, lollygag, loaf, lallygag, hang around, mess about, tarry, linger, lurk, mill about, mill around - (be about; 'The high school students like to loiter in the Central Square'; 'Who is this man that is hanging around the department?')`
Super-classes	DidNotHappenEvent^c StayingInaState^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value LeavingaPlace^c

Lollipop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lollipop`
Description	A ball of candy, usually flavored sugar, mounted on a finger-sized stick. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lollipop' in WordNet: 2. lollipop, sucker, all-day sucker - (hard candy on a stick)`
Super-classes	CandyObject^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value LollipopPop^c hasComponentPart^op value LollipopStick^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c

LollipopPop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LollipopPop`
Description	A ''LollipopPop'' is the marble-sized top part of a ''Lollipop''. This represents the object that is part of a ''Lollipop'', not the ''HardCandy'' by itself.
Super-classes	HardCandyObject^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Lollipop^c

LollipopStick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LollipopStick`
Description	A ''LollipopStick'' is a small stick-like rod or flat piee of wood usually narrow (several mm) and cylindirical (for lollipops) or flat (for popsicles) and made of cardboard or wood, just hard enough to hold a ''LollipopPop'' while it is being sucked, perhaps over several hours. This type of stick is also used in a frozen-food ''Popsicle''.
Super-classes	FingerSizedObject^c ArtifactObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value LollipopPop^c

Loneliness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loneliness

Description

The disagreeable feeling of being without company. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes are #$Loneliness, #$Solitude, etc.

        NOTE this is both the feeling 
          that may arise from being without company and includes the state itself;
            i.e. one cannot have this feeling unless one is actually lonely,
            bu the 'absence' of company may be absence of a specific individual or group.
            Thus one can feel 'Loneliness' even when some other people are around.

        NOTE: WordNet sense 3 of 'solitude' includes
        'loneliness' but is a *disposition* rather than a 
        Feeling.  This type is a Feeling, not a disposition.

        Includes part of sense 1 and sense 2 of 'loneliness' in WordNet:
         1. (4) loneliness, solitariness - (the state of being alone in solitary isolation)
         2. (1) forlornness, loneliness, desolation - (sadness resulting from being 
           forsaken or abandoned)

Super-classes Feeling^c

Lonely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lonely

Description

The attribute of someone who is feeling Loneliness.

For the attribute of being by oneself, use 'Alone'.

 Coresponds to adjective sense 2  of 'lonely' and sense 2 of 'lonesome' in WordNet:
  2. (4) lonely, lonesome - (marked by dejection from being alone;
      'felt sad and lonely'; 'the loneliest night of the week';
      'lonesome when her husband is away'; 'spent a lonesome hour in the bar')

Super-classes FeelingAttribute^c

Long^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Long`
Description	Long is an attribute that specifies that something has a larger than usual length relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. This indicates that the object has a length signficantly larger than the width, but is not so much so as to be necessarily ''LongAndThin''. NOTE: this is not the meaning of 'long' in time (see 'LongLasting', nor when used in phrase such as 'two inches long'. That will be a function. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'long' in WordNet: 2. (107) long - (primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified; 'a long road'; 'a long distance'; 'contained many long words'; 'ten miles long') WN adj 'elongated': 2. (1) elongate, elongated - (having notably more length than width; being long and slender; 'an elongate tail tapering to a point'; 'the old man's gaunt and elongated frame')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	LongAndThin^c Full-Length^c Longer^c

Long-Distance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Long-Distance

Description

''Long-Distance'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''LongDistance'' or things that extend over a ''LongDistance'' or actions that cover a ''LongDistance''.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'long-distance' in Wordnet:
        1. long-distance - (of or relating to or being a long-distance telephone call;
          'a long-distance call'; 'a long-distance transmission line'; 'a long-distance operator')
        2. long-distance - (covering a long distance; 'a long-distance runner'; 
            'a long-distance freight train'; 'she ran off with a long-distance truck driver')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Long-Range^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Long-Range

Description

'Long-Range' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Event or Actions that occur over at least five years, or Plans that concern actions extending from ''Now'' for ast least ''FiveYears'' into the future.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'long-range' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) long-range - (involving an extended span of time; 'long-range goals')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LongAndThin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongAndThin`
Description	A generalization of the Cyc 'Filamentlike'. The length/width ratio should be at least 3, but often is longer. This is usually an Attribute of solids, but it can also be of liquid objects such as rivers. This is a subtype of ''Long'' (which see) - ''Long'' is relative, so that a tiny fiber can be ''LongAndThin'' as well as ''Long''. `This is (v1111) used mostly with 'hasQualitativeAttribute' but could be used with 'hasShape' - @ToDo -standardize the shape usage?`
Super-classes	Long^c
Sub-classes	Straight^c Crooked^c Curved^c LongConeShaped^c

LongAndThinObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongAndThinObject`
Description	An Object, physical or abstract, that is LongAndThin. A LongAndThinObject doesn't have to be very long,just >5 times longer than the diameter or width. `A ''LongAndThinObject'' has exactly two ends.`
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c hasEndingObject^op value EndOfAnObject^c
Sub-classes	Zipper^c Line^c Strait-Waterway^c Projection^c Ski^c LongAndThinThing^c Runner^c CrossBeam^c Stylus^c FilamentlikeObject^c Gondola^c NailShaft^c Pendulum^c Splint^c Sheath^c Helix^c Tusk^c JetOfFluid^c

LongAndThinThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongAndThinThing`
Description	A LongAndThinThing is a PhysicalObject one of whose linear dimensions is multiples either of the other two dimensions; it doesn't have to be very long,just >5 times longer than the diameter or width. This is more specialized than a 'LongAndThinObject', being solid. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible that are long and thin. #$LongAndThinThing is the #$ObjectTypeByPhysicalStructuralFeature that characterizes a tangible object which has one dimension whose length exceeds that of each of the other two dimensions by at least a factor of three. E.g., pencils, straws, telephone wire, submarines, skyscrapers. Cf. #$SheetShaped. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ribbon' in WordNet: 1. (6) ribbon, thread - (any long object resembling a thin line; 'a mere ribbon of land'; 'the lighted ribbon of traffic'; 'from the air the road was a grey thread'; 'a thread of smoke climbed upward')
Super-classes	LongAndThinObject^c SolidObject^c LongishObject^c
Sub-classes	CoiledObject^c StructuralBeam^c Depressor^c Peg^c SpinalColumn^c Arrow^c Pipe-GenericConduit^c Cane^c Skyrocket^c StraightLongAndThinObject^c Snake^c Pin^c RoadShoulder^c Shaft^c Beach^c Rung^c FlowingWater^c Stick^c Roadside^c Tower^c BoardOrRod^c Strip^c PathArtifact^c Crevice^c HairlikeFiber^c LollipopStick^c Crease^c Oar^c BowForStringInstrument^c BraidedObject^c Baton^c Ladder^c PhysicalAxis^c Crowbar^c Wand^c Slit^c Raveling^c RigidColumn^c Post^c CurvedObject^c Spike^c NaturalChannel^c BowlingPin^c Sparkler^c Spear^c Torpedo^c Column^c Fringe^c HedgeRow^c Groove^c Spatula^c EdgeOnObject^c PlantBranch^c Fjord^c Milestone^c ConductorsBaton^c

LongArmed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongArmed

Description

An attribute meaning 'having long arms'. This is a distinctive characteristic of some animals, such as an ''Orangutan''..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'long-armed' in Wordnet:
          1. long-armed - (having relatively long arms)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LongArms^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongArms`
Description	'LongArms'' are arms (both of them) that are relatively long, compared to other animals or people.
Super-classes	BothArms^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

LongBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongBone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'long bone' in WordNet: 1. (3) long bone, os longum - (in limbs of vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical bone that contains marrow)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c
Sub-classes	Femur^c Ulna^c MetaTarsal^c Fibula^c Metacarpal^c Humerus^c Tibia^c

LongBow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongBow`
Description	The kind of bow used in archery. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'longbow' in WordNet: 1. longbow - (a powerful wooden bow drawn by hand; usually 5-6 feet long; used in medieval England)`
Super-classes	Bow-Weapon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

LongCone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongCone`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is approximately conical, but has a high height/width ratio (> 3), enough to classify it as 'LongAndThin' - the shape of an Icicle or a Stalactite..
Super-classes	Cone^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value LongConeShaped^c
Sub-classes	Icicle^c

LongConeShaped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongConeShaped`
Description	The shape attribute of an Object that is approximately conical, but has a high height/width ratio (> 3), enough to classify it as 'LongAndThin' - the shape of an Icicle or a Stalactite..
Super-classes	Conical^c LongAndThin^c
Sub-classes	ScrewShaped^c

LongDistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongDistance`
Description	''LongDistance'' is a LengthMeasure applying to spatial separations on the Earth's Surface that exceed three miles, usually by much more. This is vague and may be used in a relative sense.
Super-classes	LengthMeasure^c

LongDormantVolcano^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongDormantVolcano`
Description	A ''LongDormantVolcano'' is a ''Mountain'' formed by volcanic activity for which there is no evidence of eruption within the past million years, and therefore it is unlikely that a ;LavaTube'' is attached to the Mountain. The time period required to make a distinction may be modified by any qualified geologist, so individual ''LongDormantVolcano''s may be shifted to the ''Volcano'' category or vice-versa as evidence is available.. This meaning of 'long-dormant; probably differs from that used commonly ('within historical time' is more common) but that adjective is not attributed here, and will not be created in COSMO until more detailed distinctions are available from a qualified geologist.
Super-classes	Mountain^c

LongEstablished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongEstablished`
Description	''LongEstablished'' is the attribute of an institution, a practice, or any widely accepted or adopted social institution'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'established' in Wordnet: 1. (7) established, constituted - (brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established; 'the established social order'; 'distrust the constituted authority'; 'a team established as a member of a major league'; 'enjoyed his prestige as an established writer'; 'an established precedent'; 'the established Church')`
Super-classes	Adopted^c Accepted^c
Sub-classes	Orthodox^c

LongHandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongHandle`
Description	A ''Handle'' is a ''StraightHandle'' long enough to hold and manipulate with two hands (at least 100 cm). A longer handle (>120cm) is a ''BroomHandle''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handle' in WordNet: 1. (5) handle, grip, handgrip, hold - (the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it; 'he grabbed the hammer by the handle'; 'it was an old briefcase but it still had a good grip')`
Super-classes	StraightHandle^c Shaft^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c
Sub-classes	BroomHandle^c MopHandle^c

LongHandledTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongHandledTool`
Description	A ''LongHandledTool'' is a ''HandTool'' that has a ''LongHandle'' (can be grasped with two hands). This type is created to allow descriptions of the working part (''WorkingHead'') of the tool. A ''LongHandledTool'' has only one ''WorkingHead'', at one end. `Examples are rakes, shovels, hoes.`
Super-classes	HandTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value LongHandle^c hasPhysicalPart^op value WorkingHead^c
Sub-classes	Fork-EatingUtensil^c Shovel^c Rake^c Pitchfork^c

LongInsectLegs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongInsectLegs`
Description	''LongInsectLegs'' are legs that are long copared to the typical Insect of the same overall size.
Super-classes	ComparativeFeature^c AllLegs^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfComparison^op value Insect^c

LongJourney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongJourney`
Description	A 'LongJourney' is a 'Travel-TripEvent' in which a Person travels for more than one day or more than 100 miles or both. The WN definition of 'journey' suggests a process, rather than a completed action. This is for a completed action, though it could be a one-way trip, and the return could bee treated as a separate ''LongJourney'' or combined with the outbound trip to be a single ''LongJourney''. @ToDo: NOTE: this includes 'round trip' and one-way trips, but 'round trip' could be made a distinct subtype. This is generally longer than a ''Visiting'' action, so it is classified as disjoint with''Visiting''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'journey'(applying to long journeys) and sense 1 of 'voyage' in WordNet: WN noun 'journey': 1. (17) journey, journeying - (the act of traveling from one place to another) WN verb 'journey': 1. (1) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) WN 'voyage': 2. (2) voyage - (a journey to some distant place) WN noun 'trip': 1. (659) trip - (a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); 'he took a trip to the shopping center')
Super-classes	Travel-TripEvent^c
Sub-classes	Safari^c SeaVoyage^c SpaceTravel^c Trek^c Expedition^c

LongLasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongLasting`
Description	LongLasting is an attribute that specifies that some Event lasted in time more than the usual length of time for that kind of Event. This attribute is relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. NOTE that the subtype ''FullLength'' can refer to length in time ('full-length movie') or length in the time that something takes to do or observe (full-length novel). For the sense that an ArtifactObject can can serve (last) longer than most artifacts of that type use ''Durable'' NOTE: this is not the meaning of 'long' in length (see 'Long', nor when used in phrase such as 'two inches long'. That will be a function. Includes adjective sense 1 'long-lasting' and sense 1 of 'long' in WordNet: 1. durable, lasting, long-lasting, long-lived - (existing for a long time; 'hopes for a durable peace'; 'a long-lasting friendship') WN adjective 'long': 1. (118) long - (primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified; 'a long life'; 'a long boring speech'; 'a long time'; 'a long friendship'; 'a long game'; 'long ago'; 'an hour long')
Super-classes	LastingForSomeTime^c
Sub-classes	Durable^c Eternal^c Permanent^c Chronic^c Ceaseless^c Interminable^c LongLived^c FullLength^c LongTerm^c

LongLegOfArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongLegOfArtifact`
Description	A ''LegOfArtifact'' is a 'LegOfArtifact' that is long and narrow, with a minimum length of two feet. This would be part of a table or tripod, or a stool, but most chairs would be shorter. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'leg' in WordNet - some artifacts that are not furniture (see ''Tripod'') have 'legs'.: in WordNet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture)`
Super-classes	LegOfArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 60.0^c

LongLegged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongLegged

Description

An attribute meaning 'having long legs'. This is a distinctive characteristic of some animals, such as a ''Giraffe'', and can be applied to individuals of other animals that have a longer than usual leg for that species.

        For people, 'lanky' comes closest:

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lanky' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) gangling, gangly, lanky, rangy - (tall and thin and having long slender limbs; 
             'a gangling teenager'; 'a lanky kid transformed almost overnight
             into a handsome young man')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LongLegs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongLegs`
Description	''LongLegs'' is ''AllLegs'' on an Animal, all of them being relatively ''Long'' for that group (species, genus, family) of animals.
Super-classes	ComparativeFeature^c AllLegs^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op only Long^c hasObjectOfComparison^op some AnimalType^c

LongLife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongLife`
Description	A ''LongLife'' is a ''Lifetime'' that lasts longer in time than other Organisms in the same species,genus,or class.
Super-classes	Lifetime^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op only LongLasting^c

LongLived^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongLived

Description

This 'LongLived'' is an attribute of complex organisms or species that have a ''Lifetime'' longer than others in the same broad category; this also can characterize 'perishable' goods like foods that last longer than others in its category.

        RHW adj. 'long-lived':
          1.  having a long life, existence, or duration: a long-lived man; long-lived fame.

       Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'long-life' (this is mostly for
           Organisma) in Wordnet:
         1. long-life - ((of perishable goods) treated to stay fresh longer than usual; 'long-life milk')

Super-classes LongLasting^c

LongNeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongNeck`
Description	A ''Neck'' that is relatively long. This is a distinctive characteristic of some animals, such as a ''Giraffe''..
Super-classes	Neck^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

LongNecked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongNecked`
Description	An attribute meaning 'having a long neck'. This is a distinctive characteristic of some animals, such as a ''Giraffe''..
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LongNose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongNose

Description

A ''LongNose'' is an unusually long nose on a Person.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proboscis' in WordNet:
         1. proboscis - (the human nose (especially when it is large))

Super-classes HumanNose^c
Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c

LongOar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongOar`
Description
Super-classes	Oar^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c
Sub-classes	GalleyOar^c ScullOar^c

LongOblong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongOblong`
Description	A ''LongOblong'' is an ''Oblong'' (a ''Rectangle'') with two opposite sides of the four sides significantly longer (more than 4 times) than the other two. `Corresponds to part (rectangle) of noun sense 1 of 'oblong' in Wordnet: 1. oblong - (a plane figure that deviates from a square or circle due to elongation)`
Super-classes	Oblong^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumRatioOfSides^dp value 4.0^c

LongPants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongPants`
Description	A specialization of #$Pants. Each instance of #$LongPants is a pair of pants that covers the wearer's hips and legs. This collection is disjoint with #$ShortPants (q.v.)
Super-classes	Pants^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c surrounds-3D^op value BothLegs^c
Sub-classes	DressPants^c

LongRange^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongRange

Description

''LongRange'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a Actions or that continue over a ''LongDistance'' or Devices designed to move over a LongDistance.

     NOTE: The term''Long-Distance''pertains to a 'long-distancephone call''o other things
     that do not directly involve motion ofer a'LongDistance''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'long-range' in Wordnet:
         2. (3) long-range - (suitable for or reaching long distances;
                 "long-range nuclear capability")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LongRangePlanning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongRangePlanning`
Description	''LongRangePlanning'' is a ''PlanningEvent'' that includes concern for results that will not occur before five years from the time of the planning. 'five-year plan'
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c PlanningEvent^c
Restrictions	typicallyProduces^op only (FiveYearPlan^c or TenYearPlan^c)

LongRoll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongRoll`
Description	A ''LongRoll'' is a 'Roll' that is approxinately cylindrical in shape (''LongerThanWide''), with rounded ends and a oval (''Ellpse'') cross-section.
Super-classes	Roll^c
Restrictions	hasCrossSectionalShape^op value Ellipse^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongerThanWide^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c
Sub-classes	Baguette^c

LongSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongSheet`
Description	A Sheet-like object consisting of a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that may be a ''FreeSheet'' or part of a ''PhysicalObject'' in some specil shape. The most useful subtype is a ''RollOfStuff''.
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongerThanWide^c
Sub-classes	RollAndSpool^c RollOfStuff^c

LongSkirtBottom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongSkirtBottom`
Description	A ''LongSkirtBottom'' is a ''SkirtBottom'' that extends to the ankles, characteristic of a ''Gown'' and some special styles of ''Dress''.
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Clothing-Bottom^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

LongSleeve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongSleeve`
Description	A ''LongSleeve'' is a ''SleeveOfGarment'' that extends to the wrist. This is the most common length for sleeves of shirts worn for business. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'long sleeve' in WordNet: 1. long sleeve - (a sleeve extending from shoulder to wrist)`
Super-classes	SleeveOfGarment^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Arm^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

LongSleeveShirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongSleeveShirt`
Description	A ''LongSleeveShirt'' is a ''Shirt'' with both of its ''SleeveOfGarment''s being ''Long''.
Super-classes	Shirt^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value LongSleeve^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongSleeved^c
Sub-classes	TuxedoShirt^c

LongSleeved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongSleeved`
Description	''LongSleeved'' is the attribute of a Garment in which the sleeves are long (extend beyond the elbow).
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LongSnout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongSnout`
Description	A ''LongSnout'' is a ''Snout'' that is even more elgated than an already longish ''Muzzle''
Super-classes	Muzzle^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Mouth^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

LongTalon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongTalon`
Description	A bird's ''Talon'' that is relatively long (for a Talon).
Super-classes	Talon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

LongTerm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongTerm

Description

''LongTerm'' is an attribute that specifies that some Event or TimeInterval that is not ''Brief'' or short-term, but extends over a long interval of time, usually referring to at least a few years.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'long-term' in WordNet:
          1. (6) long-run, long-term, semipermanent - (relating to or extending 
            over a relatively long time; 'the long-run significance of the elections';
            'the long-term reconstruction of countries damaged by the war'; 'a long-term investment')

Super-classes LongLasting^c

LongTermMemory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongTermMemory

Description

''ShortTermMemory'' is an 'AbilityToRemember' that can hold ''Memory''s for a long time - in contrast to 'ShortTermMemory'' that is a capability to hold things in memory for a short time (seconds or minutes)

     NOTE that in WN this is a subtype of 'remembering' - a process, whereas here in COSMO
     it is classified as a 'capability' to remember - so it has a different parent type.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'long-term memory' in WordNet:
        1. long-term memory, LTM - (your general store of remembered information)

Super-classes AbilityToRemember^c

LongTusk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongTusk`
Description	A ''LongTusk'' is a ''Tusk'' that is ''Long'' relative to the typical ''Tusk'' on a similar type of animal. This is particularly relevant to desribing the Tusk''s of a ''Mammoth''.
Super-classes	Tusk^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

Longer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Longer`
Description	''Longer' is a subtype of ''Long'' characterizing an Object that is ''Long'' relative to another object, or ''Long'' relative to its Length value prior to some Event.
Super-classes	Long^c
Sub-classes	Lengthened^c

LongerThanWide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongerThanWide`
Description	''LongerThanWide'' is an attribute that specifies that something has a ''Length'' significantly larger than the ''Width'' it must be at least three times longer than wide, so that the generic shape is apparent when it is not rolled up. The depth or height is unspecified, so it can be like a thick wall, or like a a ''SheetOfStuff' that can be free or a ''RollOfStuff''.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Longevity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Longevity`
Description	`RHW noun 'longevity': 1. a long individual life; great duration of individual life: Our family is known for its longevity. NOTE: the WN 'longevity' includes 'seniority, old age' but that meaning is not part of this type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'longevity' in WordNet: 2. longevity, seniority - (the property of being long-lived)`
Super-classes	Quality^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value LongLived^c

Longing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Longing`
Description	''Longing'' is an intense ''Desire'' that is not as intense as a ''Compulsion'' and usually is accompanied by some sense of unhappiness because of what is not had. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'longing' in WordNet: 1. (4) longing, yearning, hungriness - (prolonged unfulfilled desire or need) WN verb 'yearn': 1. (4) hanker, long, yearn - (desire strongly or persistently)`
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Desire^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unfulfilled^c
Sub-classes	Languishing^c Discontent^c Wistfulness^c

LongishObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LongishObject`
Description	A ''LongishObject'' is a PhysicalObject that is noticeably ''LongerThanWide'', so it can be said to have a ''Length'' more than 30% greater than any other dimension. This can be used for ''LiquidObject''s, so a ''Lake'' that is longer than wide can be described as a ''LongishObject''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongerThanWide^c
Sub-classes	LongAndThinThing^c

Longitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Longitude`
Description	A measure intended to specify the Longitudinal coordinate of an object or point on or near the surface of some celestial body (not only the Earth). This measure will be expressed as degrees (from 0 to 360), minutes, and seconds, and the seconds may have fractional values. This is intended to be used with the relation 'hasLongitude', and that relation should be conceptually identical to the 'long' property used in the w3c SWIG 'Basic Geo' vocabulary (http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/); however the 'Basic Geo' relation takes a literal as value. NOTE: if other formats are needed, this type may need supplementation or change. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'longitude' in Wordnet: 1. (1) longitude - (the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich)
Super-classes	LocationMeasure^c AngularDegree^c
In range of	hasLongitude^op

Longitude-wise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Longitude-wise

Description

''Longitude-wise'' is used as an alternative unique label for the term ''Longitudinal'' already used for another meaning of the term 'longitudinal'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'longitudinal' in Wordnet:
        1. longitudinal - (of or relating to lines of longitude; 'longitudinal reckoning by the navigator')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Longitudinal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Longitudinal

Description

''Longitudinal'' is a subattribute of 'Horizontal' used i architecture and constrauction to refer to structure parts such as beams that are horizontal, and to forces having a horizontal direction.

      NOTE: for the 'longitudinal' that pertains to ''Longitude' use ''Longitude-wise''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'longitudinal' in Wordnet:
        2. longitudinal - (running lengthwise; 'a thin longitudinal strip'; 
             'longitudinal measurements of the hull')

Super-classes Horizontal^c

Longtime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Longtime

Description

''Longtime'' in the sense of 'logtime friend' is sometimes expressed as 'old' but in that sense, 'old' does not convey the sense that the thing described is 'old' (meaning itself older than other things of its kind).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'longtime' in WordNet:
         1. longtime - (of long duration; 'a longtime friend')
      WN adjective 'longstanding':
        1. (1) longstanding - (having existed for a long time; 
             'a longstanding friendship'; 'the longstanding conflict')
        2. long-standing, longstanding - (having existed or continued for a long time)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LookAlike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LookAlike`
Description	A 'LookAlike' is a Person who looks like someone else, not just a famous person. `Includes anyone who looks very similar to someone else, not just famous people: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'look-alike' in WordNet: 1. double, image, look-alike - (someone who closely resembles a famous person (especially an actor); 'he could be Gingrich's double'; 'she's the very image of her mother')`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SimilarLooking^c

Looking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Looking`
Description	Any instance of Seeing (an event) which is intentional, in that the attention is focused intentionally for at least a brief moment at some specific object or place. NOTE: 'Viewing' is a subtype - should it be a parent?? Includes verb sense 1 of 'look' and sense 4 and part of sense 7 of 'observe', and nouns senses 1 and 2 of 'observation', and verb sense 2 of 'regard', and sense 7 of 'see' in WordNet; the part of sense 7 is that meaning to observe with the eyes. in WordNet: 1. (274) look - (perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards; 'She looked over the expanse of land'; 'Look at your child!'; 'Look - a deer in the backyard!') WN 'observe': 4. (10) observe - (watch attentively; 'Please observe the reaction of these two chemicals') 7. (2) watch, observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on - (follow with the eyes or the mind; 'Keep an eye on the baby, please!'; 'The world is watching Sarajevo'; 'She followed the men with the binoculars') WN 'observation' 1. (26) observation - (the act of making and recording a measurement) 2. (6) observation, observance, watching - (the act of observing; taking a patient look) WN verb 'regard': 2. (19) regard, consider - (look at attentively) WN noun 'looking': 1. (1) look, looking, looking at - (the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually; 'he went out to have a look'; 'his look was fixed on her eyes'; 'he gave it a good looking at'; 'his camera does his looking for him') WN verb 'behold': 1. (7) behold, lay eyes on - (see with attention; 'behold Christ!')
Super-classes	Seeing^c Observing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Observer^c
Sub-classes	Peeking^c Leering^c AdmiringEvent^c Watching^c Peering^c Viewing^c ObservingAstronomicalObjects^c BirdWatching^c Squinting^c Inspection^c Voyeurism^c Glancing^c Reading-Visual^c Ogling^c Sighting^c LookingInsideAnObject^c

LookingAroundForSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LookingAroundForSomething`
Description	''LookingAroundForSomething'' is a ''SearchingForAnObject'' where the Object is a small to Person-sized ''PhysicalObject'' and the looking arond includes a going from one location to another on foot within one building or one other enclosed some such as a garden (e.g. 'where did I put that shovel?' or 'where is the cat hiding?)). `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'look around' in WordNet: 1. (13) look around - (look about oneself; 'look around to see whether you can find the missing document')`
Super-classes	SearchingForAnObject^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Rummaging^c hasThingSought^op some PhysicalObjectType^c hasSubEvent^op value Looking^c hasSubEvent^op value Ambulation^c

LookingForSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LookingForSomething`
Description	A specialization of #$Perceiving-Voluntary. Each instance of #$LookingForSomething is an event in which an agent searches for some object. Note that #$LookingForSomething includes cases in which the search is successful, and the object is found, as well as cases in which the search is unsuccessful, and the object is not found. `NOTE this can be 'looking' in any sense, including searching a computer file,feeling around for something not visible, even an automaton automatically searching a data file. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'look' in WordNet: 4. (8) search, look - (search or seek; 'We looked all day and finally found the child in the forest'; 'Look elsewhere for the perfect gift!')`
Super-classes	Perceiving-Voluntary^c AttemptingActivity^c
Sub-classes	ElectronicDataSearching^c

LookingInsideAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LookingInsideAnObject`
Description	''LookingInsideAnObject'' is a ''Looking'' in which the person doing the ''Looking'' looks through some 'opening' into an object to see something (not necessarily a specific thing) inside, whether or not the thing seen is itself inside the object (as inside a house, seen through a window, or inside a container, or inside an optical device that produces some image inside, as a Kaleidoscope), or is outside the object, as are things viewed through a telescope or microscope or binoculars.
Super-classes	Looking^c

Lookout^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lookout

Description

A 'Lookout' is a 'Guard' who protects by keeping watch over a person or persons performing some action.

       The thing more specific here is that the protected thing(s) is restricted to
          persons, and is restricted to watching for danger in person by being in the vicinity
          of the person performing the action.
       This includes a lookout for someone performing an illegal action such as theft.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lookout':
         WN noun  'lookout':
       in WordNet:
          1. lookout, lookout man, sentinel, sentry, watch, spotter, scout, picket -
              (a person employed to watch for something to happen)

Super-classes Guard^c

Loom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loom`
Description	A ''Loom'' is a ''TextileMachine'' that is designed to produce a ''BoltOfCloth" as starting material for woven textiles, by ''Weaving'' threads together `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loom' in Wordnet: 1. (1) loom - (a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile)`
Super-classes	TextileMachine^c
Restrictions	produces^op value BoltOfCloth^c performsAction^op value Weaving^c

Looming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Looming

Description

is an AttributeValue of Things - objects, posible future situations, or thought about objects or situations - that may cause concern to the agent perceiving or thinking about them

    No WN or RHW sense fo this attribute.
     looming

Super-classes Redundant^c

LoomingInTheDistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoomingInTheDistance`
Description	''LoomingInTheDistance'' is an ''AppearingEvent'' in which some object begins to become visible, but indistinctly, in the distance or as if in the distance. look, appear, seem `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'loom' in WordNet: 1. (7) loom - (come into view indistinctly, often threateningly; 'Another air plane loomed into the sky')`
Super-classes	AppearingEvent^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Distant^c agentHasAttribute^op value Nebulous^c

LoomingOminously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoomingOminously`
Description	''LoomingOminously'' is a state in which something - concrete or vague - appears to some agent as ominous or menacing. This is often used for thoughts about possible future problems. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'loom' in WordNet: 3. (3) brood, hover, loom, bulk large - (hang over, as of something threatening, dark, or menacing; 'The terrible vision brooded over her all day long')`
Super-classes	AppearingToBe^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Concern^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Ominous^c refersToExternalEntity^op value PossibleFutureSituation^c agentHasAttribute^op value Ominous^c agentHasAttribute^op value Looming^c

LoomingOver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoomingOver`
Description	Something ''LoomingOver'' is an Object ''AppearingToBe'' much larger than some reference Object over which it 'looms'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'loom' in WordNet: 2. (4) loom, tower, predominate, hulk - (appear very large or occupy a commanding position; 'The huge sculpture predominates over the fountain'; 'Large shadows loomed on the canyon wall')`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Large^c

Looney^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Looney

Description

A ''Looney'' is a ''Lunatic'' who not only is Insane, but behaves in a noticeably erratic insane manner.

      Any Distinction between 'nutcase' and 'looney'?

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'looney' in WordNet:
          1. crazy, loony, looney, weirdo - (someone deranged and possibly dangerous)

Super-classes Nutcase^c
Lunatic^c

Loonie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loonie`
Description	`RHW 'loonie': Canadian: Informal. a dollar coin. Also, loony. [from the image of a loon on the reverse]`
Super-classes	Coin^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCanadianDollar^c

Loop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loop`
Description	An Object that is LongAndThin and extends in a curve so that the beginning and ending points of the Object touch or come close. This can be part of a larger object (such as one stich in a sewed seam, or one curl of a spiral, or the handle of a teacup). `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'loop' in WordNet: 2. loop - (anything with a round or oval shape (formed by a curve that is closed and does not intersect itself))`
Super-classes	Configuration^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value LongAndThin^c hasShape^op value LoopShaped^c
Sub-classes	Ellipse^c Noose^c Stitch^c

LoopShaped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoopShaped`
Description	'LoopShaped' is the property of a three-dimensional object that is long and thin, but forms a loop so that it can look like a circle or ellipse; but it can be limp, and not appear circular if folded or twisted. A rubber band is LoopShaped. For Loops that have a flat strip closed on itself, use 'BandShaped'. A LoopShaped object usually does, but need be a continuous closed loop; a single stich in some sewn seam in a garment can be considered LoopShaped. The exact separation that the ends can have and still be considered LoopShaped is not yet (r885) specified,but shoul be less than a quarter-turn. For something having a half (180 degree) loop, the attribute ''U-Shaped'' may apply. `One subtype of 'LoopShaped' is 'Toroidal'`
Super-classes	Round^c
Sub-classes	Endless^c BandShaped^c Toroidal^c

LoopedBand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoopedBand`
Description	A 'BandShapedObject' that is formed into a loop, with no loose ends. Some bands such as hose clamps are only in this category when they are in the circular form, and when the ends are not connected they are BandShapedObjects, but not LoopedBands. The more general category should be used for bands whose ends are not permanently attached. relatively flat bands and more rounded bands such as wedding rings.. Includes noun senses 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of 'band' in WordNet: 7. (1) band - (a thin flat strip of flexible material that is worn around the body or one of the limbs (especially to decorate the body)) 9. ring, band - (jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; 'she had rings on every finger'; 'he noted that she wore a wedding band') 10. band - (a thin flat strip or loop of flexible material that goes around or over something else) 11. band, ring - (a strip of material attached to the leg of a bird to identify it (as in studies of bird migration)) 12. band - (a restraint put around something to hold it together)
Super-classes	BandShapedObject^c
Sub-classes	NapkinRing^c

LoopedHandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoopedHandle`
Description	A 'LoopedHandle' is a Handle that has a loop (a LoopShaped end) to make grasping more secure. The handles on the end of each blade of a scissors is an example; likewise, the loop on the end of a sword, or on some shovels. A 'Jug' in COSMO is a Container that must have a LoopedHandle,
Super-classes	Handle^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value LoopShaped^c

LoopedPathway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoopedPathway`
Description	A ''LoopedPathway'' is a ''LoopedPath'' on the ''EarthsSurface'' that has a length of at least thirty feet (otherwise it could not be traversed as a path by people or vehicles). It is not necessarily in an ''OutdoorLoacation'', as it could be in an indoor arena.
Super-classes	PlanetarySurfaceObject^c Path-Physical^c ClosedLoopObject^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 3000.0^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c

LoopedRubberBand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoopedRubberBand`
Description	A ''LoopedRubberBand'' is a ''RubberBand'' that forms a closed loop, and can be used as a ''Fastener'' by stretching it around a Group of items to be held together.so that it holds them by the compression force created by stretching the ''LoopedRubberBand''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber band' and noun sense 1 of 'elastic' and sense 1 of 'elastic band' in WordNet: 1. rubber band, elastic band, elastic - - (a narrow band of elastic rubber used to hold things (such as papers) together)`
Super-classes	RubberStrip^c Fastener^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value ApplyingAPressure^c hasShape^op value LoopShaped^c

Loophole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loophole`
Description	A ''Loophole'' is actually a text that is ambiguous or may just contradct the purpose of another Law or Clause in a COntract. This could use more detail when laws ar to be represented in more detail. This type uses the WordNet parent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loophole' in WordNet: 1. (2) loophole - (an ambiguity (especially one in the text of a law or contract) that makes it possible to evade a difficulty or obligation)
Super-classes	UsefulThing^c Ambiguity^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Ambiguous^c enablesOrAssists^op value EvadingaLaw^c

Loose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loose

Description

'Loose' is an AttributeValue of groups of Objects usually two objects, whose contact is not firm, and for which the contact between the objects can vary depending on the time or the orientation of the object group. The basic meaning is that there is no physical force causing the objects to remain in contact in such a way that some part of the surface of one remains directly touching some part (often the same part) of the surface of the other object. NOTE that the sense of 'loose' meaning 'unattached' or 'not constrained' (sense 8 in WN. unaffixed, loose - (not affixed; 'the stamp came loose')) is not included in this COSMO sense

     Includes adjective senses 2 and 4 and part of sense 1 of 'loose' in WordNet
      (*not* included is getting loose, or separated):
     in WordNet:
      1. (7) loose - (not restrained or confined or attached; 'a pocket full of
          loose bills'; 'knocked the ball loose'; 'got loose from his attacker')
      2. (2) loose - (not compact or dense in structure or arrangement; 'loose gravel')
      4. (1) loose - (not tight; not closely constrained or constricted or constricting;
         'loose clothing'; 'the large shoes were very loose')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LooseFitting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LooseFitting

Description

'LooseFitting' is an AttributeValue of Garments that do not cling to the body of the wearer, and leave air gaps between the garment ad the body or another garment beneath the outer one, depending on the position of the body.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loose' in Wordnet:
          4. (1) loose - (not tight; not closely constrained or constricted or constricting;
            'loose clothing'; 'the large shoes were very loose')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Loosening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loosening`
Description	''Loosening'' is any action that makes an assembly of two or more objects ''Loose'', not ''Tight'' and thus able to slide against or rattle against each other, or to be pulled away from each other. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'loosen' in WordNet: 1. (5) loosen, loose - (make loose or looser; 'loosen the tension on a rope')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Tightening^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Loose^c
Sub-classes	UnscrewingSomething^c

Looting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Looting`
Description	A ''Looting'' is a ''Plundering'' in which most of the valuable things in a location are stolen. NOTE the WN synset 'plunder, despoil, loot, ...' is also used in ''RaidingForLoot'', but that concept involves organized raiding, whereas this can be done by one or a small number of unorganized people, and is not necessarily part of a 'raid'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'looting' in WordNet: 1. looting, robbery - (plundering during riots or in wartime) WN verb 'loot': 2. plunder, despoil, loot, reave, strip, rifle, ransack, pillage, foray - (steal goods; take as spoils; 'During the earthquake people looted the stores that were deserted by their owners')
Super-classes	Plundering^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Stealing^c

LordNoble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LordNoble`
Description	A 'LordNoble' is a MalePerson who has inherited or been granted the title of 'Lord',a title of nobility in some countries. An inherited title does not need to be held by an adult. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'lord' in WordNet: 3. (1) Lord, noble, nobleman - (a titled peer of the realm)`
Super-classes	MalePerson^c MemberOfTheNobility^c
Sub-classes	PeerNoble^c

Lore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lore`
Description	Lore is a Group of accepted bits of ''Knowledge'' held and passed down within some GroupOfPeople. This can be folklore or technical lore, any kind. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lore' in WordNet: 1. (4) lore, traditional knowledge - (knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote; 'early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend')`
Super-classes	Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Proposition^c hasComponentElement^op value Tradition^c
Sub-classes	Folklore^c

Lorry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lorry`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lorry' in WordNet: 2. lorry, camion - (a large truck designed to carry heavy loads; usually without sides)`
Super-classes	Truck^c

Loser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loser`
Description	A 'Loser' is a 'Contestant' who lost a ConflictEvent. `This needs more detail, as in 'Winner'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loser' in WordNet: 1. (2) loser, also-ran - (a contestant who loses the contest)`
Super-classes	Contestant^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value LosingaContest^c

LosingAPhysicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingAPhysicalObject`
Description	Any event in which a physical object, having been in possession of person, is lost, permanently, or temporarily, including misplacing and forgetting where it was placed. `Includes verb senses 4 and 5 and part of sense 1 of 'lose' in WordNet: 1. (125) lose - (fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense; 'She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat') 5. (6) lose - (miss from one's possessions; lose sight of; 'I've lost my glasses again!')`
Super-classes	Action^c LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Misplacing^c

LosingBodilyVitality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingBodilyVitality`
Description	''LosingBodilyVitality'' is an Action in which some Animal (uaully a Person) experiences a reduction in her/his usual ''Vigour'' (heartiness, feeling of strength). And becomes less inclined and/or able to perform physical or mental tasks at the usual pace and effectiveness.
Super-classes	LosingSomething^c Weakening^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hadReducedEntity^op value Vitality^c

LosingControlOfAControlledObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingControlOfAControlledObject`
Description	In CYC called 'LosingControlOfAControlledActor': CYC: A specialization of #$Action and #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some #$IntelligentAgent loses control of something it had been previously controlling (this may be its own body). A notable specialization of this collection is #$TransferOfControl.
Super-classes	CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c Action^c
Sub-classes	Forfeiting^c TransferOfControl^c Relinquishing^c

LosingCulturalHeritage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingCulturalHeritage`
Description	''LosingCulturalHeritage'' is the loss of ''Heritage'' which can be gradual, as in the 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' or sudden,as when one grooup conquers another and destroys its artifacts and libraries.
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c LosingSomething^c
Restrictions	worsens^op some owl:Thing^c hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value Renaissance^c

LosingFunctionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingFunctionEvent`
Description	'LosingFunctionEvent' is the most generic type of Event in which some PhysicalObject loses some significant function. This can be breaking, destruction, dying, or other. This is a broad sense, including minor losses of original integrity such as cracking that does not significantly impair function - but must cause some loss of original purpose or design. For actual loss of function, use the subtype 'BreakingEvent'.
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	BreakingEvent^c BreakingSomething^c Death^c Decaying^c Degrading^c

LosingHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingHair`
Description	CYC 'HairLoss'. NOTE: this is specifically for people losing ''HeadHair''. But this action does not always result in a person going completely bald, just losing some head hair. `For losing body hair (as an animal shedding) a different entry will be needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bald' in WordNet: 1. bald - (grow bald; lose hair on one's head; 'He is balding already')`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c LosingSomething^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	mayCauseObjectToBecome^op value Bald^c mayCause^op value LackingHeadHair^c hasThingLost^op value HeadHair^c

LosingScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingScore`
Description	A ''LosingScore'' is an Integer that is the FinalScore for the Loser of a ''DualScoreEvent''.
Super-classes	IndividualScore^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op value Loser^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZeroScore

LosingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingSomething`
Description	''LosingSomething'' is the most general sense of 'lose' or 'loss'. This is any event in which something - an Object, a Function, an attribute, a part, or something that is a ''ValuableThing'' for any Agent - is lost (ceases to exist for that agent) in part or in total, in any fashion, by destruction, theft, misplacing or death of an animal. This differs from the closely related ''PersonalLoss'' in that the agent that suffers this type of loss can be any IntentionalAgent. The most general sense of 'loss' in WN is noun sense 5 of 'loss', and verb sense 1 of 'lose' seems to fit this concept: in WordNet: 5. (20) loss, deprivation - (the disadvantage that results from losing something; 'his loss of credibility led to his resignation'; 'losing him is no great deprivation') WN verb 'lose': 1. (125) lose - (fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense; 'She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat')
Super-classes	BadThing^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value GainingSomething^c impliesPriorEventType^op value HavingSomething^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Lost^c
Sub-classes	LosingBodilyVitality^c BecomingBlind^c Disenchanting^c LosingHair^c LosingaPerson^c Divesting^c LosingCulturalHeritage^c LosingAPhysicalObject^c PossibleFutureLoss^c LosingaPositionalAdvantage^c SacrificingToaDeity^c PersonalLoss^c
In domain of	hasThingLost^op

LosingaContest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingaContest`
Description	'LosingaContest' is a broad sense of 'Losing' including Losing at trivial games, Losing a war, Losing a court case, or Losing some prize in a gamble, among other things. See 'WinningaContest' for more detail. For losing something in other ways, such as losing a loved one, see 'PersonalLoss' and its subtypes. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lose' and sense 1 of 'loss' in WordNet: 2. (17) lose - (fail to win; 'We lost the battle but we won the war') WN 'loss': 1. (315) loss - (the act of losing; 'everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock')`
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op some ConflictEvent^c hasReciprocalEvent^op some WinningaContest^c wasCausedBy^op some ConflictEvent^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some ConflictEvent^c
Sub-classes	SurrenderingAfteraFight^c

LosingaLovedOne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingaLovedOne`
Description	''LosingaLovedOne'' is a ''PersonalLoss'' in which the thing lost is a ''LovedOne'' (a Person) that was dearly loved and whose loss causes ''Grief'' (deep sorrow). `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'loss' in WordNet: 7. (15) loss - (the experience of losing a loved one; 'he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather')`
Super-classes	PersonalLoss^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Grief^c hasThingLost^op some LovedOne^c

LosingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingaPerson`
Description	One can experience ''LosingaPerson'' by death or by other means. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'lose' in WordNet: 3. (10) lose - (suffer the loss of a person through death or removal; 'She lost her husband in the war'; 'The couple that wanted to adopt the child lost her when the biological parents claimed her')`
Super-classes	Action^c LosingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingLost^op some (PersonType^c or Person^c)

LosingaPetAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingaPetAnimal`
Description	''LosingaPetAnimal'' is a ''PersonalLoss'' in which the thing lost is a ''DomesticPet'' (a Pet animal) that was loved and whose loss causes ''Sorrow''. NOTE: this should be applied to losses that cause sorrow, so it may not apply to loss of all pet animals if they are not much loved. That kind of loss would still be an instance of the parent ''PersonalLoss''.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PersonalLoss^c
Restrictions	hasThingLost^op some DomesticPet^c causes^op value Grief^c

LosingaPositionalAdvantage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LosingaPositionalAdvantage`
Description	''LosingaPositionalAdvantage'' is a very broad Action type in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' loses a relative advantage (or gains a disadvantage) in some ''PurposefulAction''. This includes gaining or losing points or position in a ''GameEvent'' but can also be applied to other forms of competition, aas well as other ''PurposefulAction''s that an agent may participate in.
Super-classes	Action^c LosingSomething^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Disadvantaged^c

Loss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loss`
Description	`NOTE: This is something that was 'lost'in some sense. The act of 'losing' something valuable is represented by ''LosingSomething'', and a common subtype is ''PersonalLoss''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'loss' in WordNet: 2. (276) loss - (something that is lost; 'the car was a total loss'; 'loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt')`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op value LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	MoneyLoss^c

LossType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LossType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some subtype of 'PersonalLoss' as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	EventType^c ActionType^c
Members	PersonalLoss FinancialLoss LosingSomething WriteDown PropertyDamage

Lost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lost`
Description	Something ''Lost'' is 'Absent' because it was the *object of a ''LosingSomething'' Event. It is no longer ''Available''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lost' in WordNet: 1. (5) lost - (no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered; 'a lost child'; 'lost friends'; 'his lost book'; 'lost opportunities')`
Super-classes	Absent^c
Sub-classes	Stolen^c

Lot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lot`
Description	A piece of RealEstate (the physical objects occupying the Earth's surface in some geographical area) which is sold and/or recorded as being owned or bought by one buyer in one transaction. This is the unit of RealEstate that is numbered and taxed by local governments. This includes not only the land itself, but all improvements on it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lot' in WordNet: 2. (101) lot - (a parcel of land having fixed boundaries; 'he bought a lot on the lake')`
Super-classes	PlotOfLand^c RealEstate^c
Sub-classes	ResidentialLot^c VacantLot^c

LotOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LotOfThings`
Description	A LotOfThings is a Group of four or more entities. This is the sense in phrases like 'a lot of people' where 'a lot of' is equivalent to 'many'. See also 'Alot', a VerbalQuantifier that provides an alternative means of handling the 'a lot' or 'plenty of' phrase. Minimum cardinality >20? See also 'ALot' for a related sense (@ToDo: relation?) This corresponds to sense 14 of 'lot' in RHW: 14. Often, lots. a great many or a great deal: a lot of books; lots of money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lot' and sense 2 of 'plenty' in WordNet: 1. (564) batch, deal, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap, lot, mass, mess, mickle, mint, muckle, peck, pile, plenty, pot, quite a little, raft, sight, slew, spate, stack, tidy sum, wad, whole lot, whole slew - ((often followed by 'of') a large number or amount or extent; 'a batch of letters'; 'a deal of trouble'; 'a lot of money'; 'he made a mint on the stock market'; 'it must have cost plenty')
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 20
Sub-classes	LotsOfTrees^c PlentyOfThings^c

LotsOf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LotsOf`
Description	''LotsOf'' is a subclass of 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' serving as a quantifier that is relative or vague, but contrasts with 'few' or 'a little'. `Compare similar ''Many'' that can be used with count nouns. This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'much' in Wordnet: 1. (137) much - ((quantifier used with mass nouns) great in quantity or degree or extent; 'not much rain'; 'much affection'; 'much grain is in storage')`
Super-classes	HighValued^c VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Untold^c Excessive^c

LotsOfInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LotsOfInformation`
Description	''LotsOfInformation'' is a ''QuantityOfSomething'' that is an indefinite but large quantity of indefinite types of ''InformationObject''s.
Super-classes	QuantityOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value InformationObject^c hasQuantifier^op value LotsOf^c

LotsOfStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LotsOfStuff`
Description	''LotsOfStuff''is a colloquial subtype of ''PlentyOfThings'' used to refer to a numberof unspecified and varied items that are in some location or possessed by some Person, as in a collection of varid souveniers.
Super-classes	PlentyOfThings^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unspecified^c hasComponentElement^op value UnspecifiedThing^c

LotsOfTrees^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LotsOfTrees`
Description	''LotsOfTrees'' is a ''Group'' of more than a few ''Tree''s, characteristic of a ''Forest'' or other wooded area more than an acre.
Super-classes	LotOfThings^c MobOfThings^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 200

Lottery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lottery

Description

$Lottery is a kind of #$Drawing-RandomSelection

        in which participants buy numbered tickets to
        enter and those whose ticket numbers are selected
        as winning numbers win prizes.


        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lottery' in WordNet:
          2. lottery, drawing - (players buy (or are given) chances and prizes are distributed by casting lots)

Super-classes Drawing-RandomSelection^c

LotusPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LotusPosition`
Description	The ''LotusPosition'' is a ''Posture'' that is used to assist ''Meditating'' in yoga. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lotus position' in WordNet: 1. lotus position - (a sitting position with the legs crossed; used in yoga)`
Super-classes	SittingEvent^c Posture^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Meditating^c

Loud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loud`
Description	'Loud' is a verbal value for sound intensity that specifies that the decidel level is uncomfortable or inconvenient to some person(s). This attribute is relative, and an absolute decibel value that is loud to one person may be soft to another; in part this depends on hearing acuity. `Coresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loud' in WordNet, 1. (50) loud - (characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity; 'a group of loud children'; 'loud thunder'; 'her voice was too loud'; 'loud trombones')`
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Deafening^c

LoudNoise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoudNoise`
Description	A ''LoudNoise'' is any ''Noise'' that is ''Loud'' enough to be annoying or to interfere with normal verbal communication or hearing, and persists longer than a ''Bang''. Loud talking by several people is included, as is loud banging of machinery as in a 'Boiler room', multiple vehicles honking horns, etc. RHW 'clatter': 3. to talk fast and noisily; chatter: They clattered on and on about their children. NOTE: this is a general concept. A narrower sense of 'clatter' is more appropriately a subtype, but that word is used for this meaning as well as the more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'din' in WordNet: 1. (9) blare, blaring, cacophony, clamor, din - (a loud harsh or strident noise) WN noun 'clatter': 1. (4) clatter - (a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement); 'the shutters clattered against the house'; 'the clatter of iron wheels on cobblestones')
Super-classes	Noise^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Conversation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c
Sub-classes	ClatteringNoise^c Clamor^c

Loudly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loudly

Description

''Loudly'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the action modified by this type (usually speech but also music or banging sounds) was ''Loud''.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'loudly' in WordNet:
        1. (10) loudly, loud, aloud - 
           (with relatively high volume; 'the band played loudly'; 
           'she spoke loudly and angrily'; 'he spoke loud enough 
           for those at the back of the room to hear him'; 'cried aloud for help')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Loudmouth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loudmouth`
Description	For the type that tells important secrets ('spilling the beans') use subtype ''Blabbermouth''. This can be one who tells idle gossip. `RHW 'loudmouthed': loud, gossipy, or indiscreet; vociferous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loudmouth' in WordNet: 1. loudmouth, blusterer - (a person who causes trouble by speaking indiscreetly)`
Super-classes	Troublemaker^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indiscreet^c performsAction^op value DisclosingaSecret^c
Sub-classes	Blabbermouth^c

Loudmouthed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loudmouthed`
Description	The attribute of a ''Loudmouth', being Annoying by being overly ''Talkative'' (in any sense).
Super-classes	Annoying^c Talkative^c

Louse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Louse`
Description	A small parasitic insect that infests animals with hair. The plant louse would be a different type. `CYC: The collection of insects which can give a person a medical condition known as 'head lice' (see #$HeadLice-Condition). Having such an condition is usually associated with poor hygiene. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'louse' in WordNet: 1. (2) louse, sucking louse - (wingless usually flattened bloodsucking insect parasitic on warm-blooded animals)`
Super-classes	Parasite^c BloodFeedingArthropod^c Insect^c Vermin^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op only Lice^c hasMassInGrams^dp value 0.01^c

Lousy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lousy`
Description	Being ''Lousy'' is being ''Infested'' with lice. "Louse" Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lousy' in Wordnet: 2. (2) lousy - (infested with lice; 'burned their lousy clothes')
Super-classes	Infested^c

LousyRotten^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LousyRotten

Description

''LousyRotten'' is an attribute of things (objects or events) that are of very poor quality or seriously disappoint expectations.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lousy' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) icky, crappy, lousy, rotten, shitty, stinking, stinky -
              (very bad; 'a lousy play'; 'it's a stinking world')

Super-classes VeryBad^c
Awful^c

Lovable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lovable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lovable' in WordNet: 1. lovable, loveable - (having characteristics that attract love or affection; 'a mischievous but lovable child")`
Super-classes	Appealing^c Attractive^c
Sub-classes	Adorable^c

Love^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Love`
Description	This is the most generic Feeling of ''Love'', including 'love' of certain actions or inanimate objects - e.g. to 'love' one's home. `Subtypes include ''LovingAnAgent'' (animals, including pets and people) and ''Love-Romantic'' (for people only). More general than the CYC 'love' - see ''LovingAnAgent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'love' in WordNet: 1. (42) love - (a strong positive emotion of regard and affection; 'his love for his work'; 'children need a lot of love') WN verb 'love': 1. (43) love - (have a great affection or liking for; 'I love French food'; 'She loves her boss and works hard for him')`
Super-classes	Affection^c DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	LovingAnAgent^c Ardor^c Adoration^c CherishingSomething^c

Love-Romantic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Love-Romantic`
Description	The subcollection of #$Love that is romantic love - to be distinguished from love between parents and children or between people and their pets. This type is not necessarily sexual, though WN does not have this broader sense. Also, this is not necessarily mutual, so the object of ''Love-Romantic'' is not necessarily a ''Lover''. `WordNet does not have a non-family 'love' that is not also involved with sexual attraction. The closest is: in WordNet: 4. (1) love, sexual love, erotic love - (a deep feeling of sexual desire and attraction; 'their love left them indifferent to their surroundings'; 'she was his first love') WN verb 'love: 3. (13) love - (be enamored or in love with; 'She loves her husband deeply')`
Super-classes	LovingAnAgent^c Admiration^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Lover^c
Sub-classes	AdoringSomeone^c

LoveStory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoveStory`
Description	A ''LoveStory'' is a Fiction whose main theme is two people falling into and perhaps out of love. Also called a 'romance'. This narrates a fictional ''Romance'', which may include other topics. `This corresponds aproximately to the CYC 'Romance-Genre': CYC: The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the romance genre. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'love story' in WordNet: 1. love story, romance - (a story dealing with love)`
Super-classes	Genre^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c RomanceStory-Generic^c FictionalStory^c
Restrictions	existsInContext^op value FictionalContext^c hasTopic^op value Romance^c
Sub-classes	RomanceMovie^c

Loved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loved`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loved' in Wordnet: 1. loved - (held dear; 'his loved companion of many years')`
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c

LovedOne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LovedOne`
Description	A ''LovedOne'' is a 'Friend' (and/or a family member) whom one loves. The relationship is stronger than mere 'friendship'. For non-family members,it need not imply a sexual relationship, but in that case is commonly a romantic relationship.. Not every family member is a ''LovedOne''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loved one' in WordNet: 1. beloved, dear, dearest, loved one, honey, love - (a beloved person; used as terms of endearment)`
Super-classes	Companion^c Friend^c
Sub-classes	DomesticPartner^c Sweetheart^c

Lovely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lovely

Description

''Lovely'' is a subattribute of ''Appealing'' suggesting a more intense pleasing response than 'Appealing'.and suggesting some degree of beauty in appearance or action.

   Includes all 4 seses of 'lovely' in RHW:
     1.  charmingly or exquisitely beautiful: a lovely flower.
     2.  having a beauty that appeals to the heart or mind as well as 
        to the eye, as a person or a face.
     3.  delightful; highly pleasing: to have a lovely time.
     4.  of a great moral or spiritual beauty: a lovely character.

   Corresponds to  adjective sense 1 of 'appealing' in WordNet:
       1. (10) lovely - (appealing to the emotions as well as the eye)

Super-classes Appealing^c
Beautiful^c
Pleasant^c

Lover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lover`
Description	'A ''Lover''' is a Person who has feelings of ''Love-Romantic'' for another Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lover' in WordNet: 1. (7) lover - (a person who loves or is loved)`
Super-classes	Friend^c Admirer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Love-Romantic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loving^c
Sub-classes	Betrothed^c Suitor^c BoyFriend^c LadyFriend^c

Loving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loving`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing a deep Fondness equivalent to ''Love' (for some animal or Person). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loving' in WordNet: 1. (3) loving - (feeling or showing love and affection; 'loving parents'; 'loving glances')`
Super-classes	Fond^c
Sub-classes	Devoted^c

LovingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LovingAnAgent`
Description	This is a subtype of the generic ''Love'' in which the object of the affection is an Animal - a Person or a Pet animal. The CYC 'Love' seems to be more generic, but CYC 'Love' is equated with this more specific love, as CYC does not have the more generic type. NOTE: A 'loved one' would be related to this by ''wasTheDirectObjectOf'' (this Feelng). Not yet represented. CYC: ('Love'): Strong affection for another agent arising out of kinship or personal ties. Love may be felt towards things, too: warm attachment, enthusiasm, or devotion. This does not, however, mean something as specialized/metaphorical as 'Fred loves to eat ice cream' or 'Ethel loves to get her way.' #$Love is a collection, as further explained under #$Happiness. Specialized forms of #$Love are #$Love-Romantic, platonic love, maternal love, infatuation, agape, etc. No exact correspondence to any sense of'love' in WordNet - the closest is sense 1. See ''Love-Romantic'' for the more specific 'love' between lovers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'love' in WordNet: 1. (42) love - (a strong positive emotion of regard and affection; 'his love for his work'; 'children need a lot of love')
Super-classes	Love^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op some Animal^c
Sub-classes	Devotion^c Love-Romantic^c

Lovingly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lovingly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'lovingly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fondly, lovingly - (with fondness; with love; 'she spoke to her children fondly')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Low^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Low

Description

An AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that are or whose top is at an elevation only slightly above the local base of the terrain, or noticeably less than the norm for objects of that type.

      Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'low' in WordNet the 
         sense of measure in 'a foot high' is not part of this type:
      in WordNet:
         2. (23) low - (literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small 
            elevation or upward extension; 'low ceilings'; 'low clouds';
            'low hills'; 'the sun is low'; 'low furniture'; 'a low bow')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Low-Calorie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Low-Calorie`
Description	'Low-Calorie'' is an attribute of Foods and artificial sweeteners that have few or no calorie content (or less than the more common types). Substances with no detectable calories are characterized by the subtype ''CalorieFree'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'low-cal' in Wordnet: 1. light, lite, low-cal, calorie-free - (having relatively few calories; 'diet cola'; 'light (or lite) beer'; 'lite (or light) mayonnaise'; 'a low-cal diet')`
Super-classes	Lacking^c
Sub-classes	Calorie-Free^c

Low-Income^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Low-Income`
Description	''Low-Income'' pertains to a ''Person'' or ''GroupOfPeople'' that have significantly less than the median ''PersonaIncome''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Low-Keyed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Low-Keyed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'low-keyed' in Wordnet: 1. low-key, low-keyed, subdued - (restrained in style or quality; 'a little masterpiece of low-keyed eloquence')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LowDensity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowDensity`
Description	''LowDensity'' is an attribute of objects or substances whose density (and therefore weight) is noticeably lower than other things in the same general category. For example, aluminum is a ''LowDensity'' metal, and styrofoam is a ''LowDensity'' material for making ice coolers. `Close to senses 1 and 2 of 'lightweight' in RW: 1. light in weight. 2. being lighter in weight, texture, etc., than another item or object of identical use, quality, or function: a lightweight topcoat; a lightweight alloy for ship construction.`
Super-classes	Light-NotHeavy^c
Sub-classes	Fluffy^c

LowFat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowFat`
Description	''LowFat'' is an attribute of Objects or substances that have less than the typical proportion of ''FattySubstance''.
Super-classes	Deficient^c

LowFatSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowFatSubstance`
Description	A ''LowFatSubstance'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that has less than the typical proportion of ''FattySubstance'' in it. e.g. 'lowfat milk'.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDeficientIn^op value FattySubstance^c

LowIncomeGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowIncomeGroup`
Description	A ''LowIncomeGroup'' is a 'GroupOfPeople'' each of whom has significantly less income than the average, though not necessarily so low as to qualify as a ''PoorPerson''.
Super-classes	HumanRole^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Low-Income^c hasComponentElement^op value LowIncomePerson^c

LowIncomePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowIncomePerson`
Description	A ''LowIncomePerson'' is a Person who has significantly less income than the average, though not necessarily so low as to qualify as a ''PoorPerson''.
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Low-Income^c isDeficientIn^op value Wage^c

LowLife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowLife`
Description	A ''LowLife'' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' who does not maintain a respectible life style. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lowlife' in WordNet: 1. rotter, dirty dog, rat, skunk, stinker, stinkpot, bum, puke, crumb, lowlife, scum bag, so-and-so, git - (a person who is deemed to be despicable or contemptible; "only a rotter would do that"; "kill the rat"; "throw the bum out"; "you cowardly little pukes!"; "the British call a contemptible person a `git'")
Super-classes	DisagreeablePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Contemptible^c

LowPitchSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowPitchSound`
Description	A ''LowPitchSound'' is a sharp loud low-frequency ''AudibleSound'' having a ''LowPitch''.
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowPitch^c

LowPriority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowPriority`
Description	''LowPriority'' is the lowest of three levels of priority (least importance, or urgency) for tasks under consideration.
Super-classes	PriorityLevel^c

LowStatus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowStatus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'low status' in WordNet: 1. low status, lowness, lowliness - (a position of inferior status; low in station or rank or fortune or estimation)`
Super-classes	Status^c
Sub-classes	Backseat^c Inferiority^c

LowValued^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowValued`
Description	'LowValued' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is lesser or smaller. In some cases in COSMO, such relative attributes as 'high' and 'low' are represented directly, as in 'HighBodyTemperature', 'HighReflectance', 'HighlyCredible'. @TODo R1015: The method to relate this attribute to the more specific attributes such as above is not clear. Perhaps such attribute values are subtypes of this one?? Corresponds to part ('amount') adjective sense 1 of 'low' in WordNet: 1. (58) low - (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; 'low prices'; 'the reservoir is low')
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Minimum^c

Lower^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lower

Description

'Lower' is An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is below the altitude of some other object. This relation does not require that the objects be directly above and below each other.

      This corresponds closely to the relation 'isBelow', but its use
      is closer to the linguistic comparative form, where one can
      say 'the lower mountain' and mean 'the mountain that isBelow'
      the other mountain'.  .  In this usage, it selects from two
      objects the one that is lower.

      This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of
         'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a
         function in an FOL implementation: it takes a pair of
         objects and selects the lower one.

Super-classes ComparativeAttributeValue^c

LowerBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowerBody`
Description	The ''LowerBody'' is the part of a person that is below the Waist.
Super-classes	HumanBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isBelow^op value Waist^c

LowerCase^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowerCase

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lowercase' in Wordnet:
         1. lowercase - (relating to small (not capitalized) letters 
            that were kept in the lower half of a compositor's type case;
            'lowercase letters; a and b and c etc')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LowerCaseLetter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowerCaseLetter`
Description	`A ''LowerCaseLetter'' is a ''PhysicalCharacter'' that is a letter of some alphabet in 'lower case', which in English is the dominant case, used for most words except for proper nouns where the first letter is in upper case, and for the first letter of a sentence, which is in upper case. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lower-case letter' in WordNet: 1. small letter, lowercase, lower-case letter, minuscule - (the characters that were once kept in bottom half of a compositor's type case)`
Super-classes	PhysicalCharacter^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LowerCase^c

LowerCrust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowerCrust`
Description	The baked dough which forms the lower crust of a Pie. The LowerCrust is a container which holds the contents, the PieFilling.
Super-classes	PieCrust^c OpenTopContainer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value PieFilling^c

LowerMiddleClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowerMiddleClass`
Description	The 'LowerMiddleClass'' is that less-well-paid part of the ''WorkingClass'' with only sufficient income to support a ''ModestComfort'' Lifestyle.
Super-classes	WorkingClass^c

LowerRanking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowerRanking

Description

''LowerRanking'' characterizes things that have a 'lower' formal rank in some Organization hierarchy.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'inferior' and
           sense 1 of 'subordinate' in Wordnet:
         3. (1) junior-grade, inferior, lower-ranking, lowly, petty, secondary,
            subaltern, subordinate - (inferior in rank or status; 'the junior faculty'; 
            'a lowly corporal'; 'petty officialdom'; 'a subordinate functionary')
       WN  adj 'subordinate':
          1. (2) subordinate, low-level - (lower in rank or importance)

Super-classes Inferior^c

Lowered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lowered

Description

'Lowered'' is an AttributeValue of ''PhysicalObject''s that have experienced a ''Lowering'', whether by an agent or by some natural process.

       For things that were reduced inaltitude by a Person use ''LoweredDown''.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

LoweredDown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoweredDown

Description

''LoweredDown'' is an AttributeValue of ''PhysicalObject''s that have experienced a ''Lowering'' (a reduction in altitude, of any magnitude), by an agent.

       This sense of adj 'lowered' is not in WN.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Lowering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lowering`
Description	'Lowering' is an Action (not necessarily caused by an IntelligentAgent) in which some agent causes a PhysicalObject to move downward, toward the center of gravity. This is for moving PhysicalObjects; for the more general 'lowering' of quantities, use 'DecreaseEvent'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lower' in WordNet: 1. (16) lower, take down, let down, get down, bring down - (move something or somebody to a lower position; 'take down the vase from the shelf')`
Super-classes	MotionDownward^c Action^c
Sub-classes	DepressingaDevicePart^c ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c

LoweringaValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoweringaValue`
Description	'LoweringaValue' is an Action in which some agent (not necessarily an ''IntelligentAgent'') causes some quantitative value to decrease. The object of this Action is an Attribute or some other intangible thing which may or may not be quantitatively measurable. For the lowering of a quantitatively measurable value of something, use the subtype ''DepressingaValue''. `For intransitive Events where some value decreases without the effort of an Agent (spontaneously) use ''Fading'' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lower' in WordNet: 2. (6) lower, lour - (set lower; 'lower a rating'; 'lower expectations')`
Super-classes	Action^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Desensitizing^c Diluting^c CoolingProcess^c DepressingaValue^c ReducingPerceivedGlare^c ReducingBrightness^c

Lowest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lowest

Description

'Highest' is An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects, either: (1) the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is elevated below (has a lower numerical value) the altitude of all other objects of the same type in some region or context; or, (2) for parts of 'PhysicalObjects'', whose elevations is less than the elevation of all other parts of that object of which it is a part.

      This corresponds closely to the relation 'isBelow', but its use
      is closer to the linguistic superlative form, where one can
      say 'the lowest mountain' referencing all other mountains
      in some region or in some category.

      This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of
         'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a
         function in an FOL implementation: it takes a Group of
         objects and selects the lowest one.

Super-classes ComparativeAttributeValue^c

Lowland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lowland`
Description	A ''Lowland'' is a 'GeographicalDepresson' that has an extend in two perpendicular directions greater than one mile. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lowland' in WordNet: 1. (1) lowland - (low level country)`
Super-classes	GeographicalDepresson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GeographicallyLow^c
Sub-classes	Landfill^c

Loyal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loyal`
Description	The attribute 'Loyal' specifies a more intense degree of commitment to the object of Loyalty than does 'Faithful'. In COSMO, being 'Loyal' means that, beyond being merely 'Faithful' to a person, group, cause, or principle, the person who is 'Loyal' is willing to endure personal discomfort and sacrifice, sometimes even to the point of death, in order to serve or defend the object of Loyalty. Also note that the corresponding Feeling - 'Loyalty' is an Emotion, because is stronger than a simple Feeling. NOTE that 'loyal' is a subtype of 'Faithful' - being Loyal implies being Faithful. Although both RWH and Wordnet define 3 or 4 senses of 'Loyal', in COSMO 'Loyal' does not differentiate among those senses, which appear to reflect differences in the types of things to which one may be loyal. Sense 4 of 'loyal' in RHW appears to be differentiated by the use of the term to modify Actions rather than people. As with 'Reliable' and 'Faithful', when these attributes are used to modify actions, the interpretation is that the attribute applies to the person who performed the action, as evidenced by the action or its manner of performance. Each type of object of loyalty (friend, country, principle) may be viewed as defining a different subtype of loyalty, but the differences are not distinct enough to create a need for differentiation at this first level of primitive concepts. However, 'patriotic' is sufficiently specific to be a separate subtype of this type. When it is possible to distinguish the behavioral differences that characterize the different subtypes of 'Loyal', then subtypes may be added. At this point the behavioral differences in being loyal to one's friend, one's country, or one's principles are too nuanced to be easily described (other than 'Patriotic') and therefore may not be properly distinguished in text. RHW senses of 'Loyal' (all are included here): 1. faithful to one's sovereign, government, or state: a loyal subject. 2. faithful to one's oath, commitments, or obligations: to be loyal to a vow. 3. faithful to any leader, party, or cause, or to any person or thing conceived as deserving fidelity: a loyal friend. 4. characterized by or showing faithfulness to commitments, vows, allegiance, obligations, etc.: loyal conduct. The usage suggested by Random House Webster is: 1, 3. true, devoted, staunch. 3. FAITHFUL, CONSTANT, LOYAL imply qualities of stability, dependability, and devotion. FAITHFUL implies long-continued and steadfast fidelity to whatever one is bound to by a pledge, duty, or obligation: a faithful friend. CONSTANT suggests firmness and steadfastness in attachment: a constant affection. LOYAL implies unswerving allegiance to a person, organization, cause, or idea: loyal to one's associates, one's country. Usage of the corresponding nouns: 2. fealty, devotion, constancy. LOYALTY, ALLEGIANCE, FIDELITY all imply a sense of duty or of devoted attachment to something or someone. LOYALTY connotes sentiment and the feeling of devotion that one holds for one's country, creed, family, friends, etc. ALLEGIANCE applies particularly to a citizen's duty to his or her country, or, by extension, one's obligation to support a party, cause, leader, etc. FIDELITY implies unwavering devotion and allegiance to a person, principle, etc. Ant. faithlessness. WordNet senses of 'loyal' (all are included here): in WordNet: 1. (6) loyal - (steadfast in allegiance or duty; 'loyal subjects'; 'loyal friends stood by him') 2. patriotic, loyal - (inspired by love for your country) 3. firm, loyal, truehearted, fast - (unwavering in devotion to friend or vow or cause; 'a firm ally'; 'loyal supporters'; 'the true-hearted soldier...of Tippecanoe'- Campaign song for William Henry Harrison; 'fast friends')
Super-classes	Faithful^c
Sub-classes	Patriotic^c

Loyalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loyalist`
Description	A ''Loyalist'' is a ''Person'' who is loyal to some Person or cuase (continues support even in difficult circumstances). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loyalist' in WordNet: 1. (1) loyalist, stalwart - (a person who is loyal to their allegiance (especially in times of revolt))`
Super-classes	Supporter^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loyal^c

Loyalty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Loyalty`
Description	An Emotion that combines Feelings of Respect and Faithfulness to something or someone . `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'loyalty' in WordNet: 2. (2) loyalty - (feelings of allegiance) WN noun 'loyalty': 1. (7) loyalty, trueness - (the quality of being loyal)`
Super-classes	Respect^c EmotionalState^c Faithfulness^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Loyal^c
Sub-classes	Patriotism^c Allegiance^c Piety^c Nationalism^c Solidarity^c

Lozenge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lozenge`
Description	CYC: the collection of all lozenges. A Lozenge is a medicated candy which dissolves in the mouth. `This is only for the type of lozenge that dissolves easily, though gradually - i.e. it is not intended to be swallowed and has no slow-release coating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lozenge' in Wordnet: 1. lozenge - (a small aromatic or medicated candy)`
Super-classes	Pill^c DosageForm^c OralDrugObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soluble^c
Sub-classes	CoughDrop^c

Lubricant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lubricant`
Description	A PhysicalSubstance that, when present between two solid objects, reduces friction between them and reduces wear from the objects rubbing together. `COMO note: interpreted in COSMO as a Substance. Usually a liquid or semisolid (grease), but not necessarily so (e.g. powdered graphite). Cyc: The set of coverings that lubricate, and thus protects against damage resulting from physical contact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lubricant' in Wordnet: 1. lubricant, lubricator, lubricating substance, lube - (a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Lubricating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Slippery^c
Sub-classes	PetroleumJelly^c LubricatingOil^c ShavingCream^c GraphitePowder^c Grease^c

Lubricating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lubricating`
Description	''Lubricating'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which some object(s) become ''Slippery'' or ''Greasy'', or at least more ''Slippery'' than prior to the ''Lubricating'' Event.. This also causes an increase in 'slipperiness' but that is not yet represented. NOTE that the division of WordNet senses 1 and 2 of 'lubricate' suggest that sense 1 is the application of lubricant, whether or not the object becomes slippery, whereas sense 2 requires that the object become slippery through the lubrication process. Thus sense 2 could be a subtype of sense 1. Leave for a future elaboration when needed. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'lubricate' in WordNet: 2. lubricate, lube - (apply a lubricant to; 'lubricate my car') 3. lubricate - (make slippery or smooth through the application of a lubricant; 'lubricate the key')
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Slippery^c usesResource^op value Lubricant^c

LubricatingOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LubricatingOil`
Description	'LubricatingOil' comes in various types and has various sources - the common '3-in-1 oil' used at home is only one. See also 'MotorOil'. `Often referred to simply as 'oil' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil' in WordNet: 1. (11) oil - (a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water)`
Super-classes	Oil^c Lubricant^c PetroleumProduct-Refined^c
Sub-classes	MotorOil^c

Lucid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lucid`
Description	''Lucid'' is the attribute of a Person or Device or Procedure that can use valid 'logic' and reasoning; most digital computers use logic in basic operations, but may use more pattern-matching or approximate procedures for some applications. This type is also used for people who can and do use logical thinking processes when exclusively intuitive thinking is inappropriate. `For the latter meaning more specifically, use the subtype ''DisposedToReason'. Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'lucid' in WordNet: 1. (6) logical - (capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning; 'a logical mind') 3. coherent, logical, lucid - (capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner; 'a lucid thinker'; 'she was more coherent than she had been just after the accident')`
Super-classes	Intelligent^c
Sub-classes	DisposedToReason^c

Lucidity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lucidity`
Description	''Lucidity'' is the Quality of and InformationObject that has no ambiguity and is easy to understand (''Clear''). `''Lucidity'' is the nominalized form of ''Clear'' - things that are ''Clear'' have ''Lucidity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lucidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) clarity, lucidity, lucidness, pellucidity, clearness, limpidity - (free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Clear^c

Luck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Luck`
Description	'Luck' is one or more 'RandomEvents' that were favorable (''GoodLuck'') or unfavorable (''Misfortune'', caused by a ''BadLuckEvent'') for some ''Person'', who is considered as the agent of this Event. An event that is ''GoodLuck'' for one Agent could be 'Misfortune' for other agent(s), especially in a competition. This may be the most common sense of the generic 'luck' `This is close to part of the meaning of sense 3 of 'fortune' and sense 3 of 'luck' (this is for random events; for luck personified use 'Fortune-Chance') WN noun 'fortune': in WordNet: 3. (2) luck, fortune - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome; 'it was my good luck to be there'; 'they say luck is a lady'; 'it was as if fortune guided his hand')`
Super-classes	GoodThing^c RandomEvent^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value GoodLuckEvent^c mayBeAffectedBy^op value Fortune-Chance^c
Sub-classes	GoodLuck^c

Lucky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lucky

Description

A EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated was both beneficial (to some agent) and not likely to occur.

     Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 3 of 'lucky' in WordNet:
       3. golden, favorable, favourable, lucky, prosperous - (favoring or bringing 
         good luck; 'a favorable time to ask for a raise'; 'lucky stars'; 
         'a prosperous moment to make a decision')

Super-classes Fortunate^c
Desirable^c

Lucrative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lucrative

Description

''Lucrative' is a subattribute of ''Profitable'' for Actions that produce more than a little ''Profit'' .

      NOTE: this distinction is not necessarily the intended common usage of the terms
         'moneymaking' or 'remunerative' - perhaps those should be synonyms of
         'profitable'??

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1  of 'lucrative' in Wordnet:
          1. lucrative, moneymaking, remunerative -
              (producing a sizeable profit; 'a remunerative business')

Super-classes Profitable^c

Luggage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Luggage`
Description	Luggage is a collective term for all container devices, such as suitcases, designed to be carried by a traveller to hold items that are not carried directly on the person. This category can specify the container artifact only or the complete set of container and contents that is carried by a passenger. The container with the contents that is carried by one traveler is termed 'Baggage' in the COSMO ontology. This a 'luggage department' will have a collection of containers only, though a 'luggage rack' will have containers with contents. Usage is Context dependent. `NOTE: The term 'Luggage' is used collectively in COSMO but this type includes single objects, so it might formally be represented as a Group, which could have one item. NOTE that as a Group, this could be one or more items considered as a unit so a traveler can refer to one piece as 'my luggage' when there is only one piece. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'luggage' in Wordnet: 1. (6) baggage, luggage - (a case used to carry belongings when traveling)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Case-Container^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PieceOfLuggage^c
Sub-classes	DressingCase^c

Lugging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lugging`
Description	''Lugging'' is a ''CarryingByHand'' in which the Object carried is a ''HeavyObject'' and the carrying requires strenuous effort (is ''Arduous''). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lug' in WordNet: 1. (5) lug, tote, tug - (carry with difficulty; 'You'll have to lug this suitcase')`
Super-classes	CarryingByHand^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op some HeavyObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Arduous^c

Lumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lumber`
Description	A substance made of wood, cut from trees in preparation to be shaped for use in construction. This can be the logs freshly cut. Shaped ''Lumber'' is represented as ''DimensionalLumber''; that material may be kiln-dried to avoid warping after installation. `NOTE: although 'lumber' is usually used to refer to shaped wood, for generality in COSMO this type will refer to any type of ''Wood'' suitable to be shaped into building. The substance consisting of actual shaped beams will be represented as ''DimensionalLumber''. Similar to noun sense 1 of 'lumber' in Wordnet, but the shaped beams are represented as ''DimensionalLumber'': in WordNet: 1. (6) lumber, timber - (the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material)`
Super-classes	BuildingMaterial^c Wood^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Spruce^c ChestnutWood^c DimensionalLumber^c CedarWood^c Pine^c Fir^c

Lumberjack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lumberjack`
Description	CYC: He who cuts trees. (tsk! tsk! sexist and not PC) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lumberjack' in WordNet: 1. lumberman, lumberjack, logger, feller, faller - (a person who fells trees)`
Super-classes	ManualLaborer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Logging^c

Lumen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lumen

Description

SI luminous flux measure. Symbol: lm. It is the amount streaming outward through one solid angle of 1 Steradian from a uniform point source having an intensity of one Candela. Lumen = cd*sr = cd * 1.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lumen' in WordNet:
       1. lumen, lm - (a unit of luminous flux equal to the amount of light given out 
         through a solid angle of 1 steradian by a point source of 1 candela intensity 
         radiating uniformly in all directions)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Luminous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Luminous

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'luminous' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) aglow, lambent, lucent, luminous - (softly bright or radiant;
               'a house aglow with lights'; 'glowing embers'; 'lambent tongues of flame'; 
               'the lucent moon'; 'a sky luminous with stars')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Lump^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lump`
Description	A 'Lump' is a solid object that does not have any necessary shape - it can be quite irregular, though it may also be of a regular shape. For the purpose of COSMO, a Lump will be considered homogeneous, so that it can be referred to as a 'lump' of some particular substance. The restriction requires that the substance of which the Lump consists must be specified, so this is always 'a lump of (substance)'. It could be derived by cutting a piece off of an object. 'the whole ball of wax' 'a clod of mud'. This type of object is produced by a ''Clumping'' process, but is relatively compact and not very large. A piece of this can removed from a larger mass (such as a layer of clay or 'mud') and that would also be a ''Lump'. Includes part of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'lump' in WordNet (NOTE this type is not necesarily large): in WordNet: 1. (4) hunk, lump - (a large piece of something without definite shape; 'a hunk of bread'; 'a lump of coal') 2. (3) ball, clod, glob, lump, clump, chunk - (a compact mass; 'a ball of mud caught him on the shoulder')
Super-classes	SolidObject^c HomogeneousObject^c Agglomeration^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c isProducedByEventType^op value Clumping^c
Sub-classes	Clot^c Nugget^c MilkCurd^c

LumpHammer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LumpHammer`
Description	A ''LumpHammer'' is a ''SledgeHammer'' with handle short enough and ''Hammerhead'' light enough (e.g. 4 pounds) to be used with one hand. `Wikipedia 'lump hammer': Lump Hammer A lump hammer or club hammer is a small sledgehammer whose relatively light weight and short handle allow single-handed use. It is useful for light demolition work, driving masonry nails, and for use with a steel chisel when cutting stone or metal. In this last application, its weight drives the chisel more deeply into the material being cut than lighter hammers`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c SledgeHammer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

LumpSugar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LumpSugar

Description

Sucrose that was in the granular (not powdered) form, but compacted into lumps (usually square), but as with TableSugar, used as the sweetener in drinks and other foods.

    in WordNet:  
      1. lump sugar - (refined sugar molded into rectangular shapes 
             convenient as single servings)

Super-classes MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c
SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c
Sugar^c

LumpingTogether^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LumpingTogether

Description

Each 'LumpingTogether' is an instance of 'Collecting' in which the things gathered together by an agent (abstract or physical) are in some way heterogeneous; Collecting without regard to subtype would be 'LumpingTogether'.

      Linguistically 'lump' in this sense is usually used with
      'together' as in 'lump together' or with 'in with' as 'lump the
        women in with the men'

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lump' in WordNet:
        1. (2) lump, chunk - (put together indiscriminately; 'lump together 
          all the applicants')

Super-classes Collecting^c

Lumpy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lumpy`
Description	This sense of 'Lumpy' is as an attribute of liquids - usually somewhat viscous or semisolid with dissolved material - that have more than a few ''Lump''s in them. The ''Lump's may be unwanted, but not necessarily (see ''CottageCheese'' and ref 'chunky peanut butter'). This includes ''Lump''s that are soft and deformable as well as small hard lumps. `CYC: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible consisting of or containing #$Deformable clumps of material. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference) of 'lumpy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chunky, lumpy - (like or containing small sticky lumps; 'the dumplings were chunky pieces of uncooked dough') 2. lumpy - (having lumps; not smooth and even in texture; 'lumpy gravy')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Chunky^c

Lunar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lunar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunar' in WordNet: 1. (8) lunar - (of or relating to or associated with the moon; 'lunar surface'; 'lunar module')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

LunarEclipse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LunarEclipse`
Description	A ''LunarEclipse'' is an ''Eclipse'' in which the ''Earth'' moves between the Earth's Sun (''Sol''), and ''EarthsMoon'', thus casting the shadow of the Earth onto the Moon. This includes both shading the whole Moon (total eclipse) or part of the EarthsMoon (partial eclipse) when it is viewed from the Earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunar eclipse' in WordNet: 1. lunar eclipse - (the earth interrupts light shining on the moon)`
Super-classes	Eclipse^c CastingaShadow^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value IlluminatingTheMoon^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value MoonLight^c occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon^c isPerformedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

Lunatic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lunatic`
Description	A Person suffering from 'Insanity''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunatic' in WordNet: 1. lunatic, madman, maniac - (an insane person)`
Super-classes	SickPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Insane^c isTheSubjectOfState^op value Insanity^c
Sub-classes	Madwoman^c Looney^c

Lunch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lunch`
Description	COSMO note: ''Lunch'' is interpreted as the specific set of food items eaten at the midday meal, between Breakfast and Dinner. This is therefore a Role that the food plays. For the actual event if eating breakfast, use 'EatingLunch' `Cyc: The midday meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunch' in WordNet: 1. (12) lunch, luncheon, tiffin, dejeuner - (a midday meal)`
Super-classes	Meal^c
Restrictions	isEatenInEvent^op value EatingLunch^c

LunchMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LunchMeat`
Description	Meat that is typically sold at deli counters and/or eaten on sandwiches. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'lunch meat' in WordNet, include ham and turkey and roast beef: 1. lunch meat, luncheon meat - (any of various sausages or molded loaf meats sliced and served cold)`
Super-classes	Meat^c
Sub-classes	Bologna^c

LunchTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LunchTime`
Description	''LunchTime'' is the name of the time interval in which a Person or GroupOfPeople customarily eat ''Lunch''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunchtime' in WordNet: 1. lunchtime, lunch period - (the customary or habitual hour for eating lunch; 'he observed a regular lunchtime')
Super-classes	MealTime^c
Restrictions	commonlyHasEventType^op value EatingLunch^c

Lung^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lung

Description

CYC: The collection of all lungs, the primary respiratory organs of #$AirBreathingVertebrates.

        SUMO: A respiratory organ of Vertebrates.  Its function is 
         to furnish the blood with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lung' in WordNet:
          1. (30) lung - (either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest
             of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide 
             oxygen to the blood)

Super-classes InternalOrgan^c

Lunging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lunging`
Description	A 'Lunging' is a Action in which a Person moves some part of the body forward. i.e. that part makes a ''ForwardMotion''), while at least one leg remains in position on the ground or floor. This differs from'plunging forward', where the whole body moves. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lunge' in WordNet: 1. (6) lunge, hurl, hurtle, thrust - (make a thrusting forward movement) WN noun 'lunge': 1. (1) lurch, lunge - (the act of moving forward suddenly)`
Super-classes	Action^c MotionInPlace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c hasSubEvent^op value ForwardMotion^c

Lupus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lupus`
Description	This includes both 'lupus vulgaris' and 'lupus erythematosis' which need to be differentiated. Not yet done. ''Lupus'' in WN is a subtype of 'SkinDisease'. RHW 'lupus vulgaris': a rare form of of the skin, characterized by brownish tubercles that often heal slowly and leave scars. In CYC it is an autoimmune disease: RHW 'lupus erythematosis': any of several autoimmune diseases, esp. systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by red, scaly skin patches. CYC: Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system, for unknown reasons, becomes hyperactive and attacks normal tissue. This attack results in inflammation and brings about symptoms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lupus' in WordNet: 1. lupus - (any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease)
Super-classes	SkinDisease^c ChronicCondition^c
Restrictions	hasSymptom^op value Inflammation^c

Lure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lure`
Description	Each ''Lure'' is an ''AttractiveThing'' - usually an object but possibly a situation (e.g. potential for making money) that is used by some agent to cause an Animal to perform some action that may be disadvantageous or even harmful to the animal lured by it (i.e. to perform ''HarmfulAction''). This is general and includes as a subtype ''Bait'' used in fishing or trapping. `Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'lure' in Wordnet: 2. bait, come-on, hook, lure, sweetener - (anything that serves as an enticement) 3. bait, decoy, lure - (something used to lure victims into danger)`
Super-classes	Role^c AttractiveThing^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value HarmfulAction^c
Sub-classes	Bait^c

Lurid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lurid`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lurid' in Wordnet: 1. (1) lurid, shocking - (glaringly vivid and graphic; marked by sensationalism; 'lurid details of the accident')`
Super-classes	Vivid^c Salient^c

Lust^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lust

Description

''Lust'' is a strong ''SexualDesire''; its use suggests that it is a Feeling that is hard to control.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lust' in WordNet:
          1. (1) lecherousness, lust, lustfulness - (a strong sexual desire)

Super-classes SexualDesire^c

Lutetium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lutetium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of lutetium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lutetium' in WordNet:
          1. lutetium, lutecium, Lu, atomic number 71 - 
            (a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs 
            in association with yttrium)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c

Lutheran^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lutheran

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'Lutheran' in Wordnet:
       2. Lutheran - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of 
          the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther; 'Lutheran doctrines')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

LutheranPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LutheranPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lutheran' in WordNet: 1. Lutheran - (follower of Lutheranism)`
Super-classes	ProtestantPerson^c

Lux^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lux

Description

SI illuminance measure. Symbol: lx. It is the amount of illumination provided when one Lumen is evenly distributed over an area of 1 square Meter. This is also equivalent to the illumination that would exist on a surface all points of which are one Meter from a point source of one Candela. Lux = lm/m^2 = m^(-2)*cd.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lux' in WordNet:
     1. lux, lx - (a unit of illumination equal to 1 lumen per square meter; 0.0929 foot candle)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Luxuriating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Luxuriating`
Description	''Luxuriating'' is a more intensive form of ''IndulgingaDesire'' in that it uses some ''Luxury'' (which is ''Expensive'') to give ''Enjoyment'', a very ''Pleasant'' experience. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of ' luxuriate' in WordNet: 2. indulge, luxuriate - (enjoy to excess; 'She indulges in ice cream')`
Super-classes	CausingaFeeling^c IndulgingaDesire^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value Enjoyment^c requiresResource^op value Luxury^c causesMentalEventType^op value Enjoying^c

Luxurious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Luxurious`
Description	''Luxurious'' is an AttributeValue of things (objects or actions or states) that are very ''Pleasant'' but more ''Expensive'' than the minimal ''necessity'' and not ''Unnecessary'' to satisfy normal desires nor to gain a moderate level of ''Satisfaction''. A Thing that is ''Luxurious'' is a ''Luxury''. NOTE that this is an EvaluativeAttribute, because what seems ''Luxurious'' to a poor person may be considered as a normal entitlement to someone raised in a wealthy family. Includes parts of both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'luxurious' andofsense2 of 'deluxe' and of sense2 of 'lavish' in Wordnet (these may be distinguished from other parts): in WordNet: 1. (3) epicurean, luxurious, luxuriant, sybaritic, voluptuary, voluptuous - (displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses; 'an epicurean banquet'; 'enjoyed a luxurious suite with a crystal chandelier and thick oriental rugs'; 'Lucullus spent the remainder of his days in voluptuous magnificence'; 'a chinchilla robe of sybaritic lavishness') 2. deluxe, gilded, grand, luxurious, opulent, princely, sumptuous - (rich and superior in quality; 'a princely sum'; 'gilded dining rooms') WN adj 'deluxe': 2. deluxe, de luxe, luxe - (elegant and sumptuous; 'a deluxe car'; 'luxe accommodations') WN adj 'lavish': 2. lavish, lucullan, lush, plush, plushy - (characterized by extravagance and profusion; 'a lavish buffet'; 'a lucullan feast')
Super-classes	Expensive^c Unnecessary^c EvaluativeAttribute^c Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	Sumptuous^c

Luxury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Luxury`
Description	A ''Luxury'' is a 'Nonessential' that is ''Luxurious'', being very Pleasant as well as ''Unnecessary'' and usually ''Expensive'', or at least more ''Expensive'' than another thing that would satisfy the same need or desire... `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'luxury' in WordNet: 1. (5) luxury - (something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity)`
Super-classes	Role^c Nonessential^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Luxurious^c

Lying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lying`
Description	A specialization of #$Informing, (#$AttemptingFn #$Lying), and #$Pretending. Each instance of #$Lying is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'lie' in Wordnet: 5. (9) lie - (tell an untruth; pretend with intent to deceive; 'Don't lie to your parents'; 'She lied when she told me she was only 29')`
Super-classes	Deceiving^c Misinforming^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Lie^c isPerformedBy^op value Liar^c
Sub-classes	Perjury^c FramingaPerson^c

LyingHorizontally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LyingHorizontally`
Description	''LyingHorizontally'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' where the Attribute is ''MostlyHorizontal'' and the thing doing this is a ''HexalateralObject'', and the object has one side longer than the other two, so that the long side is ''MostlyHorizontal'' and that object is supported by some surface in a gravitational field. `This can be performed by any kind of SolidObject.`
Super-classes	SittingOrLyingPosture^c HavingAnAttribute^c BeingSupported^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value MostlyHorizontal^c
Sub-classes	LyingProstrate^c

LyingOneselfDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LyingOneselfDown`
Description	''LyingOneselfDown'' is a ''ChangingPosture'' performed by a Person, going from one posture (usually standing) to a ''LyingProstrate'' position on some SolidObject (not floating in water). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lie down' in WordNet: 1. (11) lie down, lie - (assume a reclining position; 'lie down on the bed until you feel better')`
Super-classes	Reclining^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Person^c causes^op value LyingProstrate^c

LyingProstrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LyingProstrate`
Description	''LyingProstrate'' is a ''LyingHorizontally'' (a state) performed by a Person mostly stretched out - in a bed, in a lounge chair, on the ground - but not leaning against a wall or standing or sitting. The face can be up,down, or sideways ('prostrate' is broadly interpreted here). Assuming a fetal position is a borderline included case (for now). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lie' in WordNet: 2. (58) lie - (be lying, be prostrate; be in a horizontal position; 'The sick man lay in bed all day'; 'the books are lying on the shelf')`
Super-classes	LyingHorizontally^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value MostlyHorizontal^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Sunbathing^c

Lymph^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lymph

Description

CYC: The collection of all portions of lymph, a fluid rich in #$Lymphocytes, which flows through the #$LymphVessels.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymph' in WordNet:
          1. lymph - (a thin coagulable fluid (similar to plasma but) 
           containing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and chyle; is conveyed to the blood stream by lymphatic vessels)

Super-classes InternalBodyFluid^c
LiquidSubstance^c
OrganicSubstance^c
Mixture^c

LymphNode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LymphNode`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymph node' in WordNet: 1. (2) lymph node, lymph gland, node - (the source of lymph and lymphocytes)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c

LymphVessel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LymphVessel

Description

CYC: The collection of all #$AnatomicalVessels which transport #$LymphaticFluid in the body of a chordate [#$ChordataPhylum].

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymph vessel' in WordNet:
         1. lymph vessel, lymphatic vessel - 
             (a vascular duct that carries lymph which 
               is eventually added to the venous blood circulation)

Super-classes Duct^c

LymphaticSystem^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LymphaticSystem

Description

CYC: The collection of all animal lymphatic systems, considered as anatomical parts of the #$ImmuneSystem.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymphatic system' in WordNet:
         1. lymphatic system, systema lymphaticum - 
             (the interconnected system of spaces and vessels
              between body tissues and organs by which lymph 
              circulates throughout the body)

Super-classes SolidObject^c
AnimalBodyPart^c
InternalAnatomicalPart^c

Lymphocyte^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lymphocyte`
Description	A subclass of #$WhiteBloodCells, which are mononucleated, nonphagocytic, and immunologically capable, or will be at a later stage. They are affected in a common type of #$Leukemia and in #$AIDS. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymphocyte' in WordNet: 1. (1) lymphocyte, lymph cell - (an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection)`
Super-classes	WhiteBloodCell^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Lymphocyte^c

Lynx^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lynx`
Description	A ''Lynx'' is a ''WildCat'' that `The collection of all lynxes. A #$Lynx is either a small European wildcat (Lynx lynx) or a similar one from northern North America (Lynx canadensis), with tufted ears, a short #$Tail-BodyPart, and thick #$Fur. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lynx' in WordNet: 2. lynx, catamount - (short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur)`
Super-classes	WildCat^c
Sub-classes	Bobcat^c

Lyrical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lyrical

Description

''Lyrical'' is an attribute that characterizes ''Music'' or poertry, indicating that it has qualities that suggest or are suitable for 'Singing''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lyrical' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) lyrical - (suitable for or suggestive of singing)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Lyrics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lyrics`
Description	The abstract conceptual work that consists of (all of) the lyrics for some ''Song'', usually intended to be sung in the pitch of a specific series of musical notes. For the actual musical sounds of a song, ('I heard a song on the radio') use 'Song-Sung'. NOTE: WN does not have the plural 'lyrics' for this sense; in RHW it is an alternative to 'lyric': 8. Often, lyrics. the words of a song. Q: is the term 'lyric' or 'lyrics' more often used for all of the words of a ''Song''? Perhaps 'lyric' can be used for any part of this type - any number of sequential words from some ''Lyrics'' text. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lyric' in WordNet: 1. (12) lyric, words, language - (the text of a popular song or musical-comedy number; 'his compositions always started with the lyrics'; 'he wrote both words and music'; 'the song uses colloquial language')
Super-classes	AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some Song^c

Lysine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lysine

Description

CYC: A collection of organic compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. These compounds are essential for protein synthesis and must be ingested by the organism. Its abbreviations are Lys and K.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lysine' in WordNet:
           1. lysine - (an essential amino acid found in proteins; 
             occurs especially in gelatin and casein)

Super-classes AminoAcid^c

Macadam^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Macadam

Description

''Macadam' is a ''PavingMaterial'' that is a ''BrokenStone'' used for paving roads and other pathways. It is poured and compacted in layers on the surface to be paved and often bound together and made hard by adding a layer of tar or bitumen. The surface texture and appearance after a binding bitumen is added are similar to that of ''PavingAsphalt''.

         Wikipedia:
          Macadam is a type of road construction, pioneered by Scottish engineer 
          John Loudon McAdam around 1820, in which single-sized crushed stone layers 
          of small angular stones are placed in shallow lifts and compacted thoroughly. 
          A binding layer of stone dust may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered 
          with a binder to keep dust and stones together. The method simplified what 
          had been considered state-of-the-art at that point.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'macadam' in WordNet:
          1. macadam - (broken stone used in macadamized roadways)

Super-classes PavingMaterial^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Macaroni^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Macaroni`
Description	The food ''Pasta'' substance consisting of slender tubes of processed dough. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'macaroni' in WordNet: 2. macaroni - (pasta in the form of slender tubes)`
Super-classes	Pasta^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Tube^c consistsOfManyOf^op value MacaroniNoodle^c

MacaroniNoodle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MacaroniNoodle`
Description	A short tubular noodle. `A whole bunch of these together is represented by the substance ''Macaroni''.`
Super-classes	FoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Tube^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Macaroni^c hasShape^op value TubeShaped^c

Macaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Macaw`
Description	A specialization of #$Parrot. There are 16 different species of parrots classified as Macaws. Macaws are generally brightly colored, and have tails that are usually as long as their bodies or longer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'macaw' in WordNet: 1. macaw - (long-tailed brilliantly colored parrot of Central America and South America; among the largest and showiest of parrots)`
Super-classes	Parrot^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BrilliantlyColored^c

MachineTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MachineTool`
Description	A ''MachineTool'' is a ''PowerTool'' used to modify ''SolidObject''s, changing their shape by a cutting or grinding process. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'machine tool' in WordNet: 1. machine tool - (a powered machine for cutting or shaping or finishing metals or other materials)`
Super-classes	PowerTool^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Motor^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ShapingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Router^c

Machinery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Machinery`
Description	Machines, collectively. Any Group of MechanicalDevices, whether in some specific context, or referring to all machines. Devices that depend at least in part on the exertion of force by one part against another part of the Device. Contrasts with 'electronic' where nothing moves other than electrons. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'machinery' in WordNet, 1. (15) machinery - (machines or machine systems collectively)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MechanicalDevice^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mechanical^c

Machinist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Machinist

Description

A ''Machinist'' is skilled in operating machine toools like a drill or lather or other power-operated tools for driling, grinding, and otherwise shaping objects.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'machinist' in WordNet:
            1. (1) machinist, mechanic, shop mechanic - 
                (a craftsman skilled in operating machine tools)

Super-classes TradeWorker^c

Machismo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Machismo`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'machismo' in WordNet: 1. machismo - (exaggerated masculinity)`
Super-classes	Masculinity^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Macho^c

Macho^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Macho

Description

''Macho'' is an exaggerated type of ''Manly'' used especially in Hispanic countries and communities that value strong manliness.

     CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent
        that project a tough, virile, masculine image.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'macho' in Wordnet:
          1. butch, macho - (used of men; markedly masculine in appearance or manner)
       WN adj 'virile':
         2. (1) male, manful, manlike, manly, virile -(characteristic of a man;
             'a deep male voice'; 'manly sports')

Super-classes Masculine^c
Manly^c

Mackerel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mackerel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mackerel' in WordNet: 2. mackerel - (any of various fishes of the family Scombridae)`
Super-classes	ScombroidFish^c EdibleFish^c

MackerelShark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MackerelShark`
Description	`CYC 'Shark-Mackerel': A collection of large sharks; instances are members of the family Lamnidae. These sharks are partly warm-blooded. This collection includes the white, porbeagle, and mako sharks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mackerel shark' in WordNet: 1. mackerel shark - (fierce pelagic and oceanic sharks)`
Super-classes	Shark^c
Sub-classes	GreatWhiteShark^c

MacroMolecularSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MacroMolecularSubstance`
Description	A ''MacroMolecularSubstance'' is a substance consisting of ''MacroMolecule''s. Subtypes include DNA, RNA, and Protein.
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c Polymer^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value MacroMolecule^c
Sub-classes	Biopolymer^c Protein^c

MacroMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MacroMolecule`
Description	A ''MacroMolecule'' is one ''Molecule'' that ''isTheUnitObjectOf'' a ''MacroMolecularSubstance''.
Super-classes	Molecule^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value MacroMolecularSubstance^c
Sub-classes	RNAMolecule^c

MacroeconomicEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MacroeconomicEvent`
Description	A 'MacroeconomicEvent' is an ''EconomicEvent'' that affects a country sufficiently to be noted in some official 'EconomicIndicator'. NOTE that this type of 'Event' is usually an aggregate of Events, such as employment or sales, or monetary activities. `Corresponds to part verb noun sense 1 of 'economic process' in WordNet: 1. economic process - (any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth)`
Super-classes	EconomicEvent^c
Restrictions	isMeasuredBy^op some EconomicIndicator^c
Sub-classes	Inflation^c Globalization^c EconomicMeltdown^c Recession^c

MacroscopicObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MacroscopicObject`
Description	A is a PhysicalObject that is visible and large enough to be perceived by human beings without the aid of a microscope or other aid to viewing small objects. It could be of any size, but this specific type will typically be used for objects no larger than the planet Earth. Larger objects will be sybtypes or instances of 'LargeObject' or 'AstronomicalObject'.
Super-classes	GravitationallyBoundObject^c
Sub-classes	HumanSizedObject^c HumanScaleObject^c LargeObject^c SmoothObject^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c FlatObject^c

Mad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mad

Description

'Mad' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of people that indicates that the person referenced is mildly angry; more angry than 'Annoyed' but less Angry than 'Angry'

 NOTE: the meaning of 'sore' in 'sore loser' is closer to resentful than angry,
   but is not yet (rev873) represented.

 Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'sore' and sense 1 of 'mad' in WordNet:
    WN adj 'sore':
      3. (1) huffy, mad, sore - - (roused to anger; 
       'stayed huffy a good while'- Mark Twain; 'she gets mad when you
       wake her up so early'; 'mad at his friend'; 'sore over a remark')

Super-classes Angry^c

Maddening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maddening`
Description	''Maddening'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event in which the resulting attribute is ''Insane''. The 'agent' of this Action is a ''Person''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'madden' in WordNet: 1. madden, craze - (cause to go crazy; cause to lose one's mind)`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Insane^c causes^op value Insanity^c

Madwoman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Madwoman

Description

A Woman suffering from 'Insanity''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'madwoman' in WordNet:
         1. madwoman - (a woman lunatic)

Super-classes Woman^c
Lunatic^c

Mafia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mafia`
Description	This ''Mafia'' is not the criminal group ''TheMob'', but any small, exclusive, and socially powerful (''Inflential'') GroupOfPeople. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'mafia' in WordNet: 3. mafia, maffia - (any tightly knit group of trusted associates)`
Super-classes	Clique^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Influential^c

Mafioso^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mafioso`
Description	A '''Mafioso'' is a member of ''TheMob'',which is the large somewhat interconnected group of gangs that are organized so as to have more than local influence. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mafioso' in WordNet: 1. mafioso - (a member of the Sicilian Mafia) 2. mafioso - (a member of the Mafia crime syndicate in the United States)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value TheMob^c

Magazine-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magazine-Abstract`
Description	The Abstract SymbolicObject that is represented by one 'Magazine-Physical': the content of a magazine. The restriction requires that some physical instance of the magazine be identified. `No WordNet sense fits this type.`
Super-classes	PeriodicalIssue^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some Magazine-Physical^c

Magazine-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magazine-Physical`
Description	An instance of a physical, printed magazine.- , the physical object, not the informational content. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'magazine' in WordNet: 2. (2) magazine - (product consisting of a paperback periodic publication as a physical object; 'tripped over a pile of magazines')`
Super-classes	Publication^c PeriodicalCopy^c TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only Magazine-Abstract^c
Sub-classes	ComicBook^c

MagazineOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagazineOrganization`
Description	Any Organizations which is responsible for the publication of some magazine series. `Not used for pubishers of individual (one-off) magazines. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'magazine' in WordNet: 3. (1) magazine, magazine publisher - (a business firm that publishes magazines; 'he works for a magazine')`
Super-classes	MediaOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasCommercialProduct^op only MagazineSeries^c

MagazineSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagazineSeries`
Description	A 'MagazineSeries' is the Group of Abstract SymbolicObjects that are represented by the full series of physical issues of 'Magazine-Physical' from its first publication to the present (thus this series may have more content at later times, while the magazine is still publishing). This is the abstract content of those magazines. `This is not the organization that publishes the magazine. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'magazine' in WordNet: 1. (13) magazine, mag - (a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it; 'it takes several years before a magazine starts to break even or make money')`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c PeriodicalSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Magazine-Abstract^c isaCommercialProductOf^op only MagazineOrganization^c

Maggot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maggot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maggot' in WordNet: 1. (2) maggot - (the larva of the housefly and blowfly commonly found in decaying organic matter)`
Super-classes	Grub^c Fly^c

MagicAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagicAction`
Description	A 'MagicAction' in COSMO is an event in which some ''Person'' performs and action that violates the laws of physics, due to intervention of some SupernaturalBeing or by some supernatural force (or, in fiction, by some hitherto unknown natural force). For the illusionist form of 'magic' use 'MagicTrick'. In COSMO this type represents Actions that truly violate the laws of physics; in Cyc it appears that rituals that claim to violate such laws would be included, but religious rituals are not included here unless they claim to violate physics, such as in 'miracles' Called 'magic' in Cyc: Cyc: Elements of #$Magic are ritualized #$Actions which are believed by some to effect change in human affairs or in the natural world by drawing on some mystical force outside ordinary human experience. 'Magic tricks' can be distinguished from #$Magic since sleights of hand rather than mystical forces are what enables them. Historians and anthropologists have debated the manner and degree to which #$Magic and religion are similar. See #$BlackMagic and #$WhiteMagic. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'magic' in WordNet; however WordNet classifies this as a 'belief' rather than as an Action, so the meaning is not the same. in WordNet: 1. (4) magic, thaumaturgy - (any art that invokes supernatural powers)
Super-classes	ParanormalEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value MagicalPerson^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some SupernaturalBeing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magical^c
Sub-classes	Witchcraft^c

MagicShow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagicShow`
Description	A 'MagicShow' is a series of 'MagicTricks' performed by a Magician (professional or amateur). Other acts may also be performed during a MagicShow, but there must be at least one MagicTrick. NOTE that a Group of Events can be viewed as an Event, so the individual tricks can be related to a show both by 'hasSubEvent' and 'hasComponentElement'. A MagicShow, viewed as a Group, may have component elements other than MagicTricks.
Super-classes	EntertainmentEvent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some MagicTrick^c hasSubEvent^op some MagicTrick^c

MagicTrick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagicTrick`
Description	A 'MagicTrick' is one event in which an illusion (an Action that appears to be a MagicAction) is performed by a Magician (professional or amateur). It may be an isolated trick or be performed as part of a MagicShow. This is for illusions that conform to the laws of physics and have natural explanations. For true supernatural magic, use 'MagicAction'. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'trick' and noun sense 2 of 'magic' in WordNet: 5. (1) magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration, thaumaturgy, illusion, deception - (an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers) WN 'magic': 2. magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration, thaumaturgy, illusion, deception - (an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers)
Super-classes	EntertainmentEvent^c AppearingToBe^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Arcane^c resembles^op value MagicAction^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Magician^c refersToExternalEntity^op value MagicAction^c
Sub-classes	Prestidigitation^c

MagicWand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagicWand

Description

A ''MagicWand'' is a ''Magical'' and ''Mythical' device used by sorcerers, witches, and magical agents generally. This is for wands that are asserted (in myth or fiction) to possess magical (non-physical) powers, as in the Harry Potter novels.

        Corresponds to part (for the mythical magic wand) of noun sense 1 of 'wand' in WordNet:
          1. (1) wand - (a rod used by a magician or water diviner)

Super-classes MythicalThing^c
Wand^c
MagicalThing^c

Magical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magical

Description

'Magical' is a property of Events and Objects that defy the known laws of physics, or at least appear to defy those laws, or (as with lucky charms) is asserted to have magical properties. NOTE: this characterizes both MagicAction (true magic) and Magictrick (an illusion) - @ToDo: these can be distinguished. The Magical effect can be caused by an illusion, as by magicians, or can (in some belief systems) be caused by agents operating outside the known laws of physics.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'magical' and adj sense  of 'magic in WordNet:
        1. (2) charming, magic, magical, sorcerous, witching, wizard, wizardly -
           (possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural
           powers; 'charming incantations'; 'magic signs that protect against adverse
           influence'; 'a magical spell'; ''tis now the very witching time of night'- Shakespeare;
           'wizard wands'; 'wizardly powers')

Super-classes Extraordinary^c

MagicalPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagicalPerson`
Description	COSMO note: in order to be useful, this type must be interpreted as people who practice magic in fictional contexts, or real people being able to or claiming to be able to practice real magic, not Magician-Performers. This category is for real or fictional people actually being able to practice magic, but it is not known whether any such persons exist. in the real world. The illusionist performer is represented by ''Magician''. A Person with real magical powers is considered as ''Mythical'' in COSMO. NOTE that although a 'MagicalPerson' has some form of supernatural power, s/he is not necessarily fully a 'SupernaturalBeing' - it could be a person with just one supernatural trait (like the fictional 'X-men'). The subtype 'Wizard' is considered supernatural (as in Cyc); the borderline has not yet (rev909) been carefully defined. NOTE also that not all magical agents are 'MagicalPerson's. See, for example, 'Fairy' Called in Cyc 'Magician' (in COSMO that term is for the entertainer) Cyc: The collection of all people who act as intermediary between the natural and supernatural worlds, using #$Magic to cure illness, foretell the future, control spiritual forces, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'magician' in WordNet: 2. sorcerer, magician, wizard, necromancer, thaumaturge, thaumaturgist - (one who practices magic or sorcery)
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MagicAction^c
Sub-classes	WitchDoctor^c Wizard^c Occultist^c Psychic^c Enchantress^c Witch^c

MagicalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagicalThing`
Description	A 'MagicalThing' is an Event or Object that defies the known laws of physics, or at least appears to defy those laws. NOTE: this characterizes both MagicAction (true magic) and Magictrick (an illusion) - @ToDo: these can be distinguished. The Magical effect can be caused by an illusion, as by magicians, or can (in some belief systems) be caused by agents operating outside the known laws of physics.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magical^c
Sub-classes	GoodLuckCharm^c MagicWand^c

Magically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magically

Description

This sense of ''Magically'' is an adverbil form of ''Magicll'' whose general sense is 'as if by magic', ''appearing to have occurred by magic'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'magically' in WordNet:
         1. magically, as if by magic - (in a magical manner; 'it disappeared magically')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Magician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magician`
Description	An 'Artist-Performer' who performs magic tricks (illusions) for the entertainment of the audience, and sometimes for purpose of deception (when true magic powers are claimed). This is just the illusionist. The ability to perform true magic - violating the laws of physics - is usually associated with SupernaturalBeings. `Called in Cyc 'Magician-Performer' A #$Collection of #$Persons. A #$Magician-Performer performs actions that are intended to appear impossible without the use of #$Magic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magician' in WordNet: 1. (5) magician, prestidigitator, conjurer, conjuror, illusionist - (someone who performs magic tricks to amuse an audience)`
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MagicTrick^c

Magma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magma`
Description	Magma is molten rock inside the earth - when it comes out to the surface, it is referred to as the subtype ''Lava''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magma' in WordNet: 1. magma - (molten rock in the earth's crust)`
Super-classes	Stone^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Lava^c

Magnesium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnesium

Description

The metallic element.

       CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby
        molecules) of magnesium.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnesium' in WordNet:
        1. magnesium, Mg, atomic number 12 - 
            (a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; 
            in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; 
            occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and 
            dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine))

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Magnet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnet`
Description	A ''Magnet'' is any object that exhibits a magnetic field by its inherent properties (not by electromagnetism) i.e. exhibits ''Magnetism''. For the magnetic objects made to be used for their magnetic properties, use ''MagnetArtifact'' `This does not include objects that become 'magnetic' when a crrent is passed through, i.e. electromagnets. (electromagnet is not represented in rev1491. Would be an ''ElectricalDevice'') The planet Earth - is a borderline case: sometimes it is not magnetic. Nuance may someday be needed. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'magnet' in WordNet: 1. (4) magnet - ((physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magnetic^c
Sub-classes	MagnetArtifact^c

MagnetArtifact^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagnetArtifact

Description

A ''Magnet'' is any object that exhibits a magnetic field, i.e. exhibits ''Magnetism''. For the magnetic objects made to be used for their magnetic properties, use ''MagnetArtifact''

      This does not include objects that become 'magnetic' when a crrent
      is passed through, i.e. electromagnets.


      Approximately corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnet' in WordNet:
          1. (4) magnet - ((physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field)

Super-classes Magnet^c
ArtifactObject^c

Magnetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnetic`
Description	''Magnetic'' is an AttributeValue of every ''Magnet'', which in COSMO is any object that exhibits a magnetic field, i.e. exhibits ''Magnetism''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'magnetic' in Wordnet: 1. magnetic, magnetized, magnetised - (having the properties of a magnet; i.e. of attracting iron or steel; 'the hard disk is covered with a thin coat of magnetic material')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Magnet^c

MagneticDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagneticDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$MagneticDevice is a device whose functioning depends on magnetism and which incorporates magnetized parts as a fundamental (functional) component in its design. Typical instances include a compass, a VHS videotape, the VCR machine that tapes on it, an MRI machine in a hospital, etc.
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Magnetism^c
Sub-classes	MagneticTapeCassette^c FloppyDiskDrive^c Diskette^c MagneticStorageMedium^c MagneticTape^c MagneticDisk^c

MagneticDisk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagneticDisk

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetic disk' in WordNet:
         1. magnetic disk, magnetic disc, disk, disc - ((computer science) 
            a memory device consisting of a flat disk covered with a magnetic coating 
            on which information is stored)

Super-classes ComputerStorageDevice^c
Disk^c
MagneticDevice^c

MagneticRecorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagneticRecorder`
Description	A ''MagneticRecorder'' is an ''InformationRecordingDevice'' that uses some form of magnetizable medium to record information, not necessarily in digital format. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetic recorder' in WordNet: 1. magnetic recorder - (recorder consisting of equipment for making records on magnetic media)`
Super-classes	InformationRecordingDevice^c
Sub-classes	TapeRecorder^c

MagneticStorageMedium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagneticStorageMedium`
Description
Super-classes	ComputerStorageDevice^c MagneticDevice^c

MagneticTape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagneticTape`
Description	Magnetic tape (an object) used to store information; used in #$AudioCassette and #$VideoCassette. This is a collection of the stuff itself, not a packaging of it. This is a substance - For a piece of 'MagneticTape'' use ''MagneticTapeStrip''. The magnetic material can be other than iron oxide; from Wikipedia: "The oxide side of a tape is the surface that can be magnetically manipulated by a tape head. This is the side that stores the information, the opposite side is simply a substrate to give the tape strength and flexibility. The name originates from the fact that the magnetic side of most tapes is typically made of iron oxide, though chromium is used for some tapes. An adhesive binder between the oxide and the substrate holds the two sides together." and further: "Chromium dioxide or chromium(IV) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO2. It is a black synthetic magnetic solid.[3] It once was widely used in magnetic tape emulsion.[4] With the increasing popularity of CDs and DVDs, the use of chromium(IV) oxide has declined. However, it is still used in data tape applications for enterprise-class storage systems. It is still considered by many oxide and tape manufacturers to have been one of the best magnetic recording particulates ever invented." Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetic tape' in WordNet: 1. magnetic tape, mag tape, tape - (memory device consisting of a long thin plastic strip coated with iron oxide; used to record audio or video signals or to store computer information; 'he took along a dozen tapes to record the interview')
Super-classes	Tape^c MagneticDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magnetizable^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Oxide^c consistsOfSubstance^op value MagneticTapeStuff^c
Sub-classes	VideoTape^c

MagneticTapeCassette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagneticTapeCassette`
Description	CYC: The collection of all types of cassettes, including #$AudioCassette and #$VideoCassette.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c MagneticDevice^c TapeCassette^c HandSizedObject^c InformationStorageMediumObject^c
Restrictions	physicallyContains^op value MagneticTape^c
Sub-classes	VideoCassette^c

MagneticTapeStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagneticTapeStuff`
Description	A ''MagneticTapeStuff'' is a piece of ''TapeStuff'' that is ''Magnetizable''.
Super-classes	ComputerInformationStorageMedia^c TapeStuff^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magnetizable^c

Magnetical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnetical

Description

''Magnetical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue of Magnets and magnetism and things that produce magnetism such as electromagnets.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'magnetic' in Wordnet:
        1. (4) magnetic - (of or relating to or caused by magnetism; 'magnetic forces')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Magnetism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnetism

Description

''Magnetism' is a ''PhysicalForce'' that is oriented into 'positive' and 'negative' poles, and dependingon the orientation og magnetizedmaterials relative to each other,can provide either an attractive or repulsive force etween magnetized objects

         For two objects to be attracted to each other by magnetism, it is not
         necessary for both of the objects to be magnetized, because
         for some 'magnetizable' materials  such as ''Iron'',
         the presence of a magnetic field can induce magnetic
         polarization in the magnetizable object, and cause an attractive force.
         Therefore, we can stick magnets to our steel-based refrigerator doors even though
         the doors are not pre-magnetized.

         Scientists are still not certain if a 'magnetic monopole' with only
         one polarity (as with electric charge) exists.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetism' in WordNet:
            1. (6) magnetism, magnetic attraction, magnetic force -
               (attraction for iron; associated with electric currents
               as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force)

Super-classes AttractiveForce^c

Magnetite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnetite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetite' in WordNet: 1. magnetite, magnetic iron-ore - (an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets)`
Super-classes	IronOre^c Mineral^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magnetizable^c

Magnetizable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnetizable

Description

''Magnetizable'' is an attribute of something (object or substance) that is not inherently ''Magnetic'' but may become magnetically polarized when in the presence of a magnetic field, whether produced by a 'Magnet' or an electromagnet. The most common examples of ''Magnetizable'' substances are ''Iron'' and some (not all) types of ''Steel'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'magnetic' in Wordnet:
         3. magnetic - (capable of being magnetized)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

MagnificationEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagnificationEvent

Description

A ''MagnificationEvent'' is an ''Expanding'' in which some object with ''Magnifying'' Capability enlarges the image of some object as seen by some observing agent.

   Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'magnify' and noun sense 1 of 'magnification' in Wordnet:
    3. (1) blow up, enlarge, magnify - (make large; 'blow up an image')
   WN noun 'magnification':
     1. (1) magnification - (the act of expanding something in apparent size)

Super-classes Expanding^c

Magnificence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnificence`
Description	A quality/state more impressive than ''Excellence''.. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'magnificence' in WordNet: 1. (1) impressiveness, grandness, magnificence, richness - (splendid or imposing in size or appearance; 'the grandness of the architecture'; 'impressed by the richness of the flora') 2. magnificence, brilliance, splendor, splendour, grandeur, grandness - (the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand; 'for magnificence and personal service there is the Queen's hotel'; 'his 'Hamlet' lacks the brilliance that one expects'; 'it is the university that gives the scene its stately splendor'; 'an imaginative mix of old-fashioned grandeur and colorful art'; 'advertisers capitalize on the grandness and elegance it brings to their products')
Super-classes	Excellence^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Magnificent^c
Sub-classes	Majesty^c

Magnificent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnificent`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated produces a very strong and favorable impression because of its excellence (in appearance or some other property) as well as being large (perhaps in a metaphorical sense, or in magnitude on some scale) for its type. This represents a higher level of impressiveness than 'stately'. This can apply to Actions and Skills, as well as natural pheonmena such as scenery, sunsets, etc.. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'magnificent' and sense 2 of 'splendid' in WordNet; the sense intended in 'a glorious work of art' is not included, as this sense requires some impressiveness due to large scale: WN adj 'magnificent' in WordNet: 1. (12) brilliant, glorious, magnificent, splendid - (characterized by grandeur; 'the brilliant court life at Versailles'; 'a glorious work of art'; 'magnificent cathedrals'; 'the splendid coronation ceremony')`
Super-classes	Excellent^c Stately^c
Sub-classes	Majestic^c

Magnified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnified

Description

''Magnified'' is the attribute of a PhysicalRepresentation of an ''Image'' or ''Photograph'' or ''View'' that was modified by some process to make each centimeter in the original appear as more than one centimeter in the magnified image. This can be accomplished by looking through a magnifying device like a telescope, or by magnifying an image on a computer screen electronically, or by creating a print of a photograph that has centimeter in the original printed as more than one centimeter in the magnified image. The only limit to magnification is when one 'pixel' is so large it can be seen as a separated dot.

      NOTE: this is a general sense of 'magnified' - the WN gloss mentioning 'abnormal' is
               not part of the intended meaning of this type.
          Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'magnified' in Wordnet:
            1. (3) exaggerated, magnified, enlarged - (enlarged to an abnormal degree;
               'thick lenses exaggerated the size of her eyes')

Super-classes Larger^c

Magnifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnifying`
Description	'Magnifying' is the DesignFunction (an AttributeValue) performed by various Devices such as magnifying glasses, telescopes, and microscopes (optical or electron), magnifying lenses (or zoom lenses) on cameras, etc. or even by gravitational lenses 'Magnifying' increases the apparent size (subtended angle) of an Object when viewed by a person's eye, or any other thing that can see or form an image. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'magnify' in Wordnet (does not include 'blowing up' a printed image: 3. (1) blow up, enlarge, magnify - (make large; 'blow up an image')`
Super-classes	DesignFunction^c
Restrictions	wasRealizedByAction^op value MagnificationEvent^c

MagnifyingGlass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagnifyingGlass`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnifying glass' in WordNet: 1. (1) hand glass, simple microscope, magnifying glass - (light microscope consisting of a single convex lens that is used to produce an enlarged image; 'the magnifying glass was invented by Roger Bacon in 1250')`
Super-classes	LensedOpticalDevice^c Device-SingleUser^c HandTool^c HandSizedObject^c SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Magnifying^c hasComponentPart^op exactly 1 hasPhysicalPart^op some Handle^c

Magnitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Magnitude`
Description	A ''Magnitude'' is a relative size, expressing some sense of size relative to something else, often the typical size of the type of thing described. The ''Magnitude'' may be expressed by a ''VerbalQuantifier'', or an approximation or a ''ValueRange'' (range of values). NOTE: the hierarchical positions of terms 'size'and 'magnitude' are inverted in WordNet and COSMO. This has no special significance, as the terms are very similar but 'size' is more common, so it has the higher position in the COSMO hierarchy. Perhaps WN 'magnitude' is intended to be of broader application. Needs to be determined by usage. Includes noun sense 1 of 'magnitude' and noun sense 2 of 'proportion' in WordNet: 1. (15) magnitude - (the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small); 'they tried to predict the magnitude of the explosion'; 'about the magnitude of a small pea') WN noun 'proportion': 2. (7) proportion, dimension - (magnitude or extent; 'a building of vast proportions')
Super-classes	Size^c
Sub-classes	Multiplicity^c

MagnoliaOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagnoliaOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	MagnoliaTree^c NutmegTree^c

MagnoliaTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MagnoliaTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnolia' in WordNet: 2. magnolia - (any shrub or tree of the genus Magnolia; valued for their longevity and exquisite fragrant blooms)`
Super-classes	EvergreenPlant^c MagnoliaOrder^c FloweringTree^c

Mahogany^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mahogany`
Description	The substance ''Mahogany'' is a type of ''Hardwood'' derived from the ''MahoganyTree''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mahogany' in WordNet: 1. (2) mahogany - (wood of any of various mahogany trees; much used for cabinetwork and furniture)`
Super-classes	Hardwood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value MahoganyTree^c

MahoganyTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MahoganyTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mahogany tree' in WordNet: 1. mahogany, mahogany tree - (any of various tropical timber trees of the family Meliaceae especially the genus Swietinia valued for their hard yellowish- to reddish-brown wood that is readily worked and takes a high polish)`
Super-classes	Tree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Mahogany^c

Maid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maid

Description

A female domestic servant.

    SUMO: Any ServicePosition where various needs of a person 
      or family are served over a long period of time.  Note that these Positions 
      are, by definition, filled only by Women.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maid' in WordNet:
         1. (13) maid, maidservant, housemaid, amah - - (a female domestic)

Super-classes Woman^c
DomesticHelp^c

MaidOfHonor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaidOfHonor

Description

The ''MaidOfHonor'' is the single ''Bridesmaid'' who also serves as one of the legal 'witnesses' to the marriage, and signs the marriage certificate and has the place of honor next to the Bride at the ceremony. If the person performing the ''MaidOfHonor'' Role is married, she may be called the 'Matron of Honor', represented as ''MatronOfHonor''.

       Corresponds to part (for the maid of honor only) noun sense 1 of 'bridesmaid' in WordNet:
         1. bridesmaid, maid of honor - (an unmarried woman who attends the bride at a wedding)

Super-classes Bridesmaid^c

Maiden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maiden`
Description	A young unmarried woman,age unspecified (but usually applied to those of marriageable age).. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maiden' in WordNet: 1. (3) maid, maiden - (an unmarried girl (especially a virgin))`
Super-classes	Girl^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unmarried^c

Mail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mail`
Description	A piece of mail, or a group of pieces of Mail, being normal government postal objects. This may be interpreted as singular or collective. This includes anything that can be or has been sent via the ''UnitedStatesPostalService''. FOr different types see the subtypes. `In CYC called '"MailableObject'. This is what is delivered by a ''MailMan''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mail' in WordNet: 1. (2) mail - (the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service)`
Super-classes	HumanScaleObject^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op value DeliveringMail^c
Sub-classes	CancelledMail^c PostCard^c

MailBox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MailBox`
Description	Boxes or containers that contain mail-type objects. This is for deposit of mail by the sende, and receipt of mail by the sendee. `SUMO: A Container whose purpose is to receive items that are mailed to the address associated with the Mailbox. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'mailbox' in Wordnet: 1. (4) mailbox, letter box - (a private box for delivery of mail) 2. postbox, mailbox, letter box - (public box for deposit of mail)`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Mail^c

MailMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MailMan`
Description	A ''MailMan'' is a ''DeliveryPerson'' (of any sex) who delivers the official government ''Mail''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mailman' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mailman, postman, mail carrier, letter carrier, carrier - (a man who delivers the mail)`
Super-classes	DeliveryPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DeliveringMail^c

MailOrder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MailOrder

Description

This ''MailOrder'' is a 'PurchaseOrderDocument' (a ''Document-Physical'') that is sent from the buyer to the seller by 'mail' (physical mail or email, or on-line order). The subtypes can be differentiated. This excludes direct on-site purchases.

       NOTE: as a 'Document-Physical'  this definition excludes email or on-line.
         This neeeds a type for the action of buying by Actions other than on-site purchase.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mail order' in WordNet:
          1. (1) mail order - (a purchase negotiated by mail)

Super-classes PurchaseOrderDocument^c

MailingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MailingSomething`
Description	This is the 'sending' action,not the delivery by the POstalService. `Uses "UnitedStatesPostalService" or any other similar postal service. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mail' in WordNet: 1. (12) mail, get off - (send via the postal service; "I'll mail you the check tomorrow")`
Super-classes	SendingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value PiecesOfMail^c

Maiming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maiming`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'maim' in WordNet: 1. maim - (injure or wound seriously and leave permanent disfiguration or mutilation; 'people were maimed by the explosion')`
Super-classes	Disabling^c

Main-Line^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Main-Line`
Description	''Main-Line'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to a ''MainLine'', or to characteristics of or event occurring on a ''MainLine''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

MainDeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MainDeck`
Description	The deck that is closest to the level of the top of the hull of a ship. It is unclear from the definitions if an 'upper deck' is the same thing,but it is included here until an expert can be consulted. `RHW 'upper deck': the uppermost continuous deck that is capable of being made watertight; freeboard deck. MW: 1. the topmost full-length deck of a ship : a full-length deck above the main deck 2. a partial deck above the main deck in a naval vessel WN 'upper deck': 1. upper deck - (a higher deck) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'main deck' in WordNet: 1. main deck, second deck - (the uppermost sheltered deck that runs the entire length of a large vessel)`
Super-classes	ShipsDeck^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horizontal^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Boat^c
Sub-classes	FlightDeck^c

MainLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MainLine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'main line' in WordNet: 1. main line - (the principal route of a transportation system)`
Super-classes	PathForWheeledVehicles^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value TransportationCompany^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostSignificant^c

MainMast^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MainMast

Description

A ''Mast'' that is the largest or tallest of the masts on a sailing ship.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mainmast' in WordNet:
         1. mainmast - (the chief mast of a sailing vessel with two or more masts)

Super-classes Mast^c

MainPipeline^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MainPipeline

Description

A ''MainPipeline'' is a large pipeline from which smaller pipes branch, ultimately to reach the end users.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'main' in WordNet:
         2. main - (a principal pipe in a system that distributes 
             water or gas or electricity or that collects sewage)

Super-classes TransportFacility^c
Pipeline^c
PathArtifact^c
FixedStructure^c

MainRoad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MainRoad`
Description	A ''MainRoad'' is a ''Roadway' at least two miles long. This can be inside a town, so is not necessarily a ''Highway'', but ''Highway'' is a subtype. `A ''MainRoad'' can be located within a singe municipality, this is here to distinguish roads that extend over several neghborhoods ot towns or states from shorter roads.`
Super-classes	Roadway^c Path-Simple^c PublicProperty^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInMeters^dp value 3000.0^c
Sub-classes	Highway^c

MainSail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MainSail`
Description	The largest sail of a sailboat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mainsail' in WordNet: 1. mainsail - (the lowermost sail on the mainmast)`
Super-classes	Sail^c
Restrictions	isSupportedBy^op value MainMast^c

MainSection^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MainSection

Description

The ''MainSection'' of a DocumentPart is the single ''DocumentPart'' that is not solely an ''AdditionalInformation'' section, though it may contain ''AdditionalInformation'' such as footnotes and references, or in the case of short messages, the 'body' as contrasted with addressing, salutations, dates, or other preliminary or posscript information.

      Includes but is broadeer than noun sense 9 of 'body' in WordNet:
        9. (1) body - (the central message of a communication; 'the body of the message was short')

Super-classes DocumentPart^c

MainframeComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MainframeComputer`
Description	usually found in large organizations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mainframe' in WordNet: 1. mainframe, mainframe computer - (a large digital computer serving 100-400 users and occupying a special air-conditioned room)`
Super-classes	MultipleUserComputer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value LargeGroupOfPeople^c

MaingaSputteringSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaingaSputteringSound`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sputter' in WordNet: 1. (1) sputter - (make an explosive sound; 'sputtering engines')`
Super-classes	RecurringAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Popping^c

Mainland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mainland`
Description	A Mainland'' is the largest ''LandArea'' of some Country or Continent that is not an ''Island'' or 'Peninsula''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mainland' in WordNet: 1. (3) mainland - (the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula)`
Super-classes	Ground^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

MaintainingAnExposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaintainingAnExposition`
Description	''MaintainingAnExposition'' is a ''GuardingProperty'' where the 'property' is an ''Exposition'' located in some type of ''MuseumBuilding''.
Super-classes	MaintainingAnObject^c GuardingProperty^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value Exposition^c isPerformedBy^op some Curator^c occursAt^op some MuseumBuilding^c

MaintainingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaintainingAnObject`
Description	'MaintainingAnObject' includes as subtypes repairs, cleaning, and preventive maintenance, as well as preserving, and is restricted to actions on PhysicalObjects . This type does not include 'guarding' which is represented by 'GuardingSomething', nor health care events; the objects dealt with are inanimate objects or in some cases simple organisms that can be preserved, e.g. in a frozen state; but it does not include caring for or rearing plants or animals; for those actions, use 'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay', 'FeedingAnOrganism' and its subtypes. Includes parts of verb senses 1, 3 and 6 of 'maintain' and noun sense 1 of 'maintenance' in WordNet, not including actions (e.g. feeding) to keep living things in good condition: in WordNet: 1. (41) keep, maintain, hold - (keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., 'keep clean'; 'hold in place'; 'She always held herself as a lady'; 'The students keep me on my toes') WN noun 'maintenance': 1. (6) care, maintenance, upkeep - (activity involved in maintaining something in good working order; 'he wrote the manual on car care')
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	Preserving^c MaintainingaBuilding^c MaintainingAnExposition^c ConservingAnObject^c RepairingEvent^c CombingSomething^c CleaningEvent^c

MaintainingHealth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaintainingHealth`
Description	''MaintainingHealth'' is the generic Group of intentional Actions taken by one or more people and health care providers to maintain ''Health'' or, when it deteriorates, to restore it or maintain the most functionality and longest life possible. This does not include the routine eating or bodily functions, only Actions specifically performed with the expectation that they will reduce chances of illness or prolong life.
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntentionalAgent^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value GoodHealth^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value HealthCareEvent^c hadAnimalTreated^op some Person^c

MaintainingaBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaintainingaBuilding`
Description	''MaintainingaBuilding'' is a ''MaintainingAnObject'' where the 'property' is a ''Building'' such as an ''ApartmentBuilding''. This Action implies 'adequate' maintenance, such that the Building does not become 'Dilapidated''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maintenance' in WordNet: 1. (6) care, maintenance, upkeep - (activity involved in maintaining something in good working order; 'he wrote the manual on car care')`
Super-classes	MaintainingAnObject^c GuardingProperty^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op some Building^c

Majestic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Majestic

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is of the highest degree in impressiveness, excellence, and scale, producing a very strong and favorable impression on the observer.

       Includes RHW 'majestic':
         characterized by or possessing majesty; of lofty dignity 
             or imposing aspect; stately; grand: the majestic Alps.

      Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'majestic' in WordNet:
          1. (1) majestic, olympian - (majestic in manner or bearing;
             superior to mundane matters; 'his majestic presence'; 
             'olympian detachment'; 'olympian beauty and serene composure')

Super-classes Magnificent^c
Stately^c

Majesty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Majesty`
Description	A quality/state more impressive than ''Magnificence'', suggesting a Quality that is seldom exceeded. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'majesty' in WordNet: 1. (1) stateliness, majesty, loftiness - (impressiveness in scale or proportion)`
Super-classes	Magnificence^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Majestic^c

Major^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Major

Description

An attribute of things - people, events, objects - that are considered - by some person(s) - as very important (for somepurpose). This is a higher degree of 'Important', and is inconsistent with 'Unimportant'.

    This is an attribute that can be used to mark things that,
       for some purpose, must be considered in making a decision.
     .           
        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'major' in WordNet:
          1. (39) major - (of greater importance or stature or rank;
           'a major artist'; 'a major role'; 'major highways')

Super-classes Important^c

Major-Military^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Major-Military

Description

Rank intermediate between #$Captain-Rank and #$LieutenantColonel-Rank in the US Army and in the US Marine Corps.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'major' in WordNet:
          1. (2) major - (a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain)

Super-classes CommissionedOfficer^c

Major-league^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Major-league

Description

''Major-league'' is an attribute pertaining

     No adj sense of 'major-league' in WN.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MajorGeneral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MajorGeneral

Description

A ''MajorGeneral'' is a ''CommissionedOfficer'' with Rank intermediate between #$BrigadierGeneral and #$LieutenantGeneral in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Major General typically commands an instance of #$Division-UnitDesignation.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'major-general' in WordNet:
          1. (3) major-general - (a general officer ranking above a brigadier general
                  and below a lieutenant general)

Super-classes CommissionedOfficer^c

MajorLeague^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MajorLeague`
Description	A ''MajorLeague'' is a ''SportsLeague'' that contains the highest-level of professional sports teams. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'major league' in WordNet: 1. (4) major league, big league, majors - (the most important league in any sport (especially baseball))`
Super-classes	SportsLeague^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value MinorLeague^c

MajorTerrainFeature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MajorTerrainFeature`
Description	An instance of #$TerrainTypeByMilitaryClassification. Instances of #$MajorTerrainFeature are instances of #$LandTopographicalFeature that are considered major for purposes of military operations. By definition, instances of #$MajorTerrainFeature are any of the the instances of #$MilitaryMajorTerrainType: #$Hill, Saddle, #$Valley, Ridge and Depression.
Super-classes	LandTopographicalFeature^c
Sub-classes	MountainRange^c HighestPoint^c Valley^c

Majorette^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Majorette

Description

Not a band conductor - that is represented by ''DrumMajorette''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'majorette' in WordNet:
          1. drum majorette, majorette - (a female baton twirler who accompanies a marching band)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
Conductor^c

Majority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Majority`
Description	Each ''Majority'' is a ''FractionalPartOfaGroup'' in which the value of the ''hasFractionMeasure'' relation is ''ER_0.5-1'' (another way of expressing ''GreaterThanHalf''). `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'majority' in WordNet: 1. (17) majority, bulk - (the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part; 'the majority of his customers prefer it'; 'the bulk of the work is finished') 2. (5) majority, absolute majority - ((elections) more than half of the votes)`
Super-classes	FractionalPartOfaGroup^c
Restrictions	isTheMajorityOf^op some owl:Thing^c hasFractionMeasure^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_0.5-1^c
Sub-classes	BodyOfPeople^c Diaspora^c CommonFolk^c
In domain of	isTheMajorityOf^op

Make^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Make

Description

A broad type of commercial product that was made in more than one type. A''Make''would cover a larger range of products than a ''Model''. It usually has a distinguishing name.

~~1343 For cars, one often asks for 'make and model' - 'Toyota Camry' or 'Buick Century' for example. The 'make' may take the same name as the manufacturer, or the name of a subdivision.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'make' in WordNet:
     1. (1) brand, make - (a recognizable kind; 'there's a new brand of hero 
       in the movies now'; 'what make of car is that?')

Super-classes Sort^c

Makeover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Makeover`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'makeover' in WordNet: 1. makeover - (an overall beauty treatment (involving a person's hair style and cosmetics and clothing) intended to change or improve a person's appearance)`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c BeautyTreatment^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value PersonalAppearance^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value StylingHair^c hasSubEvent^op value ApplyingMakeup^c

Maker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maker`
Description	A Person or other ''IntelligentAgent''in the Role of the one who actually made (created) a ''PhysicalObject'' by some physical process. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maker' in WordNet: 1. (8) maker, shaper - (a person who makes things)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c Creator^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Manufacturer^c Needleworker^c JewelryMaker^c Smith^c

Makeshift^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Makeshift

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'makeshift' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) improvised, jury-rigged, makeshift -
           (done or made using whatever is available; 'crossed the river on improvised bridges';
           'the survivors used jury-rigged fishing gear'; 'the rock served as a makeshift hammer')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

MakeshiftThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakeshiftThing`
Description	A ''MakeshiftThing'' is any ''Expedient'' (an Action, Method, PhysicalOject) that is actually used, not just potentially useful, for some PurposefulAction. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'makeshift' in WordNet: 1. makeshift, stopgap, make-do - (something contrived to meet an urgent need or emergency)`
Super-classes	Expedient^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Makeshift^c enablesOrAssists^op value PurposefulAction^c

Makeup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Makeup`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents any PhysicalSubstance intended to be applied to the skin of a human. Individual objects containing Makeup are not represented here. The term is also used collectively in English to refer to multiple ''MakeupObject''s Cyc: Consumable products used in improving one's appearance. Includes noun sense 1 of 'cosmetic' and sense 2 of 'makeup' in WordNet, (but no distinction here between the stuff in a bottle and the stuff after application) in WordNet: WN 'cosmetic': 1. cosmetic - (a toiletry designed to beautify the body) WN 'makeup': 2. (1) makeup, make-up, war paint - (cosmetics applied to the face to improve or change your appearance)
Super-classes	CoatingMaterial^c ToiletrySubstance^c
Sub-classes	Mascara^c Concealer^c Eyeliner^c NailPolish^c EyeShadow^c LipGloss^c Rouge^c Lipstick^c

MakeupKit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakeupKit`
Description	A ''MakeupKit'' is a ''KitAndContents'' in which the contents are ''MakeupObject''s. @mod49
Super-classes	KitAndContents^c Equipment^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value MakeupObject^c isUsedInAction^op value ApplyingMakeup^c

MakeupObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakeupObject`
Description	A 'MakeupObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that continas some quantity of ''Makeup'' (a substance) and is small enough to fit inside a ''Purse''. Conveniently carried so as to be able to apply''Makeup'' when not at home. `No WN sense found. This type includes RHW 'maquillage': = RHW 'makeup' senses 1,2 and 5 1. facial cosmetics, as eye shadow or lipstick. 2. cosmetics used on other parts of the body, as to cover birthmarks. 5. the total ensemble of cosmetics, wigs, costumes, etc., used by an actor or other performer.`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c SmallObject^c ContainerAndContents^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value Makeup^c
Sub-classes	Compact^c

MakingAGesture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingAGesture`
Description	COSMO note: ''MakingAGesture'' is an Action, and that Action will create one or more ''Gestures''s, which are ''Configuration''s of body parts. See also ''Gesture''. Cyc: The collection of acts of #$IBOCreation done by an #$Animal (including #$Person) arranging its limbs or other body parts (and whatever objects the limbs might be holding) in some meaningful configuration (static or dynamic). Vocal #$IBTGenerations are not considered to be gestures (see #$MakingAnOralSound for this), but they might be done in conjunction with gestures. NB: #$MakingAGesture is NOT a subcollection of #$NonVerbalCommunicating; at most, an instance of #$MakingAGesture is only half of a communication event. And someone can make a gesture while alone, without using it for communication. Thus, only some gestures are #$subEvents of #$NonVerbalCommunicating. (But note that #$MakingAGesture IS a subcollection of #$IBTGeneration-Original (q.v.), since every gesture encodes information, whether or not it is used for communication in a particular instance.) In SUMO called 'Gesture' SUMO: Any BodyMotion, e.g. a hand wave, a nod of the head, a smile, which is also an instance of Communication. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gesture' in Wordnet: 1. (3) gesticulate, gesture, motion - (show, express or direct through movement; 'He gestured his desire to leave') WN noun 'gesticulation': 1. gesticulation - (a deliberate and vigorous gesture or motion) WN noun 'gesture': 2. (8) gesture, motion - (the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals)
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c Indicating^c NonVerbalCommunicating^c VisualInformationGeneratingAct^c Signal^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Gesture^c
Sub-classes	Nodding^c GesturingWithTheHands^c Kneeling^c SymbolicGesturing^c Bowing^c GreetingGesture^c Saluting^c MakingFacialExpression^c MakingaFarewellGesture^c Beckoning^c

MakingAPromise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingAPromise`
Description	An Event in which a Promise is conveyed from one IntelligentAgent to another. This does not require anything in return. CYC: A specialization of #$Informing and #$ObligationCreatingEvent. Each instance of #$MakingAPromise is an event in which someone promises to do something, thereby creating an obligation to do that thing. The restriction requires that for each instance of a MakingAPromise the content of the Promise must be represented - and vice versa. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'promise' in WordNet: 1. (26) promise, assure - (make a promise or commitment) 2. (11) promise - (promise to undertake or give; 'I promise you my best effort')
Super-classes	ObligationCreatingEvent^c Informing^c Committing^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Promise^c hadThingTransferred^op some Promise^c refersToExternalEntity^op value PromisedAction^c
Sub-classes	GuaranteeingSomething^c MakingAnAgreement^c Pledging^c Directive^c

MakingAThreat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingAThreat`
Description	COSMO note: an attempted intimidation. In Cyc this is a subtype of Intimidation, but we leave that term for a successful threat. This is a human-specific activity. NOTE: this sense of ''MakingaThreat'' is threatening for the purpose of intimidating. A 'Threatening' that is not an attempt to intimidate is represented by ''Threatening''. NOTE: the 'threat; need not be of bodily harm but can be a contingent warning of any negative consequence that the Agent of the threatening may cause if the threatened agent does not comply with the stated consition(s). 'Threatening' to call the Police is an example. Cyc: A collection of all acts of making a threat. When an agent makes a threat, that agent conveys to a #$recipientOfInfo that he wishes to make the content of the threat true.
Super-classes	WarningAction^c Threatening^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Coercive^c hasAttemptedAction^op value IntimidatingaPerson^c
Sub-classes	DeterrenceEvent^c

MakingAnActionIllegal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingAnActionIllegal`
Description	''MakingAnActionIllegal'' is a ''Legislating'' Action that creates a Law making some ''HumanActivity'' ''Illegal''.
Super-classes	Forbidding^c Legislating^c CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Illegal^c hadThingAffected^op value LegalityValue^c
Sub-classes	BanningAbortion^c

MakingAnAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingAnAgreement`
Description	A specialization of #$CreationEvent, #$CooperationEvent and #$Communicating. Each instance of #$MakingAnAgreement is an event in which two or more agents specify the terms of an agreement (see the collection #$Agreement) to which they will be agreeing parties (see the predicate #$agreeingAgents), and subsequently enter into that agreement. Specializations of #$MakingAnAgreement include #$EngagementEventPart-BecomingEngaged, #$EmployeeHiring, #$DeclaringCeaseFire, and #$MakingAReservation. See also #$BreakingAnAgreement. Each ''MakingAnAgreement'' has as subevents at least two agents ''MakingAPromise''. This is a subtype of 'Acceptance'' as it includes both offer and accepance. NOTE the parent types - ''Benefiting'' may not seem to be quite applicable, but an ''Agreement'' if voluntary ('cooperating') should benefit both agreeing parties. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'agree' in WordNet: 2. (25) agree - (consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something; 'She agreed to all my conditions'; 'He agreed to leave her alone')
Super-classes	ObligationCreatingEvent^c CooperationEvent^c AgreeingEvent^c MakingAPromise^c LinguisticCommunication^c Acceptance^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (Agreement^c or AgreementType^c) wasaResponseToEvent^op value Asking^c uses^op value NaturalLanguage^c mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op value Asking^c hasSubEvent^op value MakingAPromise^c produced^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgreementToAdhereToConditions^c produced^op value ObligationToAdhereToTerms^c produces^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#I_accept^c
Sub-classes	WeddingCeremony^c MakingaTwoAgentAgreement^c HiringAnAgent^c GettingEngaged^c Conspiring^c Renting^c GrantingPermission^c MakingaDeal^c MakingaTreaty^c InsuringSomething^c Marrying^c

MakingAnAnnuityPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingAnAnnuityPayment`
Description	''MakingAnAnnuityPayment'' is an ''InstallmentPayment'' that is one of the periodic Payment actions that pay an ''Annuity'' periodically to the investor in an annuity contract.
Super-classes	InstallmentPayment^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Annuity^c

MakingAnAppointment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingAnAppointment`
Description	''MakingAnAppointment' is a 'MakingTwoAgentAgreement' that produces an ''Appontment'', an agreement to meet at some future time and place.. This is a 'two agent agreement' but either agent could be a GroupOfPeople, so the number of people in each contemplated meeting is not limited, but must have two agents r two roups of agents facing each other for some purpose.
Super-classes	MakingaTwoAgentAgreement^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Appointment^c

MakingAnOralSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingAnOralSound`
Description	COSMO NOTE: this type of Action is restricted to instances in which an AudibleSound is produced with the mouth. This icludes animal sounds made with the animal's mouth. `Cyc: The collection of actions in which the lips and other mouth parts are used to make sound. #$MakingAnOralSound means the event in which sound is produced more-or-less voluntarily, using the mouth, mouth portal, lips, and tongue.- Kean, July 11, 1997. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'utter' in Wordnet: 2. (3) utter, emit, let out, let loose - (express audibly; utter sounds (not necessarily words); 'She let out a big heavy sigh'; 'He uttered strange sounds that nobody could understand')`
Super-classes	BodyMovementEvent^c EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Mouth^c alwaysCauses^op value AudibleSound^c
Sub-classes	Snorting^c Barking^c Screaming^c SayingShoo^c Humming^c Neighing^c Moaning^c Vocalizing^c Snoring^c Growling^c Tsking^c Booing^c Sighing^c Tweeting^c Grunting^c SayingShush^c Shouting^c Chirping^c Speaking^c

MakingArrangements^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingArrangements`
Description	'MakingArrangements' is a very broad type that includes any Action taken to facilitate the accomplishment of some other Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'arrange' in WordNet: 2. (7) arrange, fix up - (make arrangements for; 'Can you arrange a meeting with the President?')`
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op some ActionType^c

MakingCoffee-TheBeverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingCoffee-TheBeverage`
Description	Brewing coffee - doesn't include instant coffee.
Super-classes	PreparingABeverage^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Coffee^c

MakingFacialExpression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingFacialExpression`
Description	A specialization of #$BodyMovementEvent. Each instance of #$MakingFacialExpression is an event during which the configuration of a particular animal's face changes. Such a change is usually (but not always) associated with the expression of some emotion by the animal in question. `SUMO: (FacialExpression) Any Gesture whose instrument is the Face. COSMO note: A Gesture is considered a 'Communication'. Borderline - are all facial expressions communications? Perhaps reconsider. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'make a face' (grimacing is a subtype) in WordNet: 1. grimace, make a face, pull a face - (contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state; 'He grimaced when he saw the amount of homework he had to do')`
Super-classes	MakingAGesture^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some FacialExpressionType^c
Sub-classes	Laughing^c Smiling^c Grimacing^c Smirking^c Grinning^c Sneering^c Frowning^c Crying^c

MakingHay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingHay`
Description	''MakingHay'' is a ''RaisingCrops'' where some 'grass' plant is cltivated and the resulting crop is processed into ''Hay''.
Super-classes	RaisingCrops^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Hay^c typicallyOccursAt^op value Meadow^c

MakingJewelry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingJewelry`
Description	''MakingJewelry'' is a type of 'Manufacturing' in which the object produced is one or more pieces of ''Jewelry''. `No WN sense for 'making jewelry'.`
Super-classes	Manufacturing^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Jewelry^c

MakingMultipleCopies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingMultipleCopies`
Description	''MakingMultipleCopies'' is the Action of producing PhysicalObjects in multiple numbers of the same basic object using some Device that ensures that the copies are closely identical, i.e. this cannot be applied to manual production such as handwriting a text. The items produced are instances of ''InstanceCopy''. There may be some variation,as in color or added features without changing the identity of the ''InstanceCopy''. `The subtype ''MassProduction'' is a common example, but this type can also be applied to 'special orders' for multiple but not very large numbers of the same type of item. THe number should be large enough that more than a few people can say that they have a 'copy' of that item.`
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	produces^op min 50
Sub-classes	MassProduction^c

MakingMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingMusic`
Description	''MakingMusic'' is any Action in which a Person does something - with the voice or an instrument - that causes a musical sound (''Music''). CYC ('MakingMusicalSound'): The collection of acts of an agent producing #$Music sounds, including #$Singing, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, and #$Whistling-Human. The production of music by a mechanical device not directly controlled by an agent (such as a radio speaker or a water-powered prayer wheel) is not a member of this collection, but of the more general #$ProducingMusicalSound. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'music' in WordNet: 3. (2) music - (musical activity (singing or whistling etc.); 'his music was his central interest')
Super-classes	InformationTransferEvent^c IBTGeneration^c EmittingSound^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Music^c
Sub-classes	Singing^c PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c

MakingPolicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingPolicy`
Description	''MakingPolicy'' is a ''Deciding'' by one or more People on whether to adopt a ''Policy'' on some ''Issue'' and if so, what that ''Policy'' should be. This can be done by one or more people by any means, including meetings, legislation, referendum or just one Person ''Deciding'' how to handle a problem, such as a family matter.
Super-classes	Deciding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op only (Person^c or GovernmentalOrganization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c) produces^op value Policy^c hasMainTopic^op value PolicyProposal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Policy-Making^c

MakingRulesCollectively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingRulesCollectively`
Description	''MakingRulesCollectively'' includes any Action or GroupOfActions which include some ''FormalMeeting'' at which at least one Rule is created, though not necesarily at every meeting. `This includes legislating by legislative bodies at any level, and decision making by committees of public or private Organizations. The 'decisions' made by such groups will typically involve creatg some Rue or guidance for behavior, but decisions that do not affect behavior (expressing an opinion, naming something) would not be an instance of ''MakingRulesCollectively''.`
Super-classes	Deciding-Collectively^c MakingaRule^c Event-Organized^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some FormalMeeting^c
Sub-classes	PassingaLaw^c Legislating^c

MakingSomeoneDrunk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingSomeoneDrunk`
Description	''MakingSomeoneDrunk'' is an ''IntoxicatingAnAgent'' in which a Person becomes 'Drunk' by ingestion of sufficient ''AlcoholicBeverage''s. `This represents mostly a voluntary Action of one person, though others may encourage a Person to become Drunk in various ways. So this is intransitive as well as transitive, though the phraseology suggests a transitive sense. Corresponds to verb sense 2 'intoxicate' in WordNet: 2. intoxicate, soak, inebriate - (make drunk (with alcoholic drinks))`
Super-classes	IntoxicatingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Drunk^c causes^op value Inebriation^c

MakingSomeoneFurious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingSomeoneFurious`
Description	''MakingSomeoneFurious'' is an ''Angering'' Event that causes someone to become ''Furious'' - intensely ''Angry'', i.e. to experience ''Rage''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'madden' in WordNet: 3. madden - (make mad; 'His behavior is maddening')`
Super-classes	Angering^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Rage^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Furious^c
Sub-classes	InfuriatingEvent^c

MakingSomethingAtHome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingSomethingAtHome`
Description	''MakingSomethingAtHome''is the act of MakingaPhysicalObject at a Residence of the maker, rather than at some facility used for making multiple copies of a prodctfor sale. `The Object thus made is ''HomeMade'', and may or may not be made with the intention of sellng it to others or using it for one's own purposes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homemade' in Wordnet: 1. (1) homemade - (made or produced in the home or by yourself; 'homemade bread')`
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c ImprovementEvent^c HandCrafting^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value HomeMade^c occursAt^op value Residence^c typicallyOccursInside^op some ResidentialBuilding^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

MakingSomethingAvailable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingSomethingAvailable`
Description	CYC: The collection of all activities in which an #$Agent makes it possible for another #$Agent to use (but not necessarily own) a good or service.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	Renting^c OfferingForSale^c Sharing^c OfferingaBankAccount^c

MakingSomethingBySewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingSomethingBySewing`
Description	Each 'MakingSomethingBySewing' is an act of MakingaPhysicalObject in which several pieces of cloth are assembled into a usable object by one or more Events of 'Sewing'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sew' in WordNet: 2. sew, tailor, tailor-make - (create (clothes) with cloth; 'Can the seamstress sew me a suit by next week?')`
Super-classes	Assembling^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Sewing^c produced^op some FabricObject^c
Sub-classes	Tailoring^c

MakingSomethingMoreCompact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingSomethingMoreCompact`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which something becomes more compact, e.g. by #$Folding or #$Compressing. `NOTE there are several subtypes, this is just to collect the subtypes under one general type.`
Super-classes	ShapeChange^c
Sub-classes	Compressing^c Collapsing-Folding^c Compacting^c VolumeCompression^c Folding^c

MakingSomethingNoticeable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingSomethingNoticeable`
Description	'MakingSomethingNoticeable' is an Action in which some Animal performs some act that provides evidence to others of some fact that can be inferred from the Action. The Animal may or may not intend its Action to provide this information (as in showing emotion unintentionally). This is a very broad general concept that includes the notion of showing emotion, showing an ability (or inability) by performing an act, and showing some physical object to others. This includes actions of scientists doing experiments, and mathematicians doing proofs, but does not apply to the evidence itself or to the proofs themselves (as MentalObjects or SymbolicObjects), because only animals can be the agent of this type of Action. The restriction uses the specific relation 'showsEvidenceOf' to point to the thing that was made noticeable ('shown', intentionally or unintentionally). This sense Includes verb senses 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and part of sense 3 (the part that describes an action of an Animal, not just the result of a test) of 'show', and also noun sense 1 of 'demonstration' in WordNet: 1. (134) show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate - (show or demonstrate something to an interested audience; 'She shows her dogs frequently'; 'We will demo the new software in Washington') 2. (66) prove, demonstrate, establish, show, shew - (establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; 'The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound'; 'The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture') 3. (57) testify, bear witness, prove, evidence, show - (provide evidence for; 'The blood test showed that he was the father'; 'Her behavior testified to her incompetence') 4. (43) show - (make visible or noticeable; 'She showed her talent for cooking'; 'Show me your etchings, please') 6. (24) express, show, evince - (give expression to; 'She showed her disappointment') 7. (24) indicate, point, show - (indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively; 'I showed the customer the glove section'; 'He pointed to the empty parking space'; 'he indicated his opponents') 8. (14) reveal, display, show - (make clear and visible; 'The article revealed the policies of the government') WN noun 'demonstration': 1. (8) presentation, presentment, demonstration - (a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view; 'the presentation of new data'; 'he gave the customer a demonstration')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	showsEvidenceOf^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or Group^c)
Sub-classes	ShiningOnAnObject^c Worshipping^c ExhibitingEmotion^c ExpressingSomething^c ExpressingEmotion^c Excelling^c ShowingSomething^c FindingSomethingUnexpectedly^c

MakingSomethingPopular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingSomethingPopular`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'popularize' in WordNet: 1. popularize, popularise, vulgarize, vulgarise, generalize, generalise - (cater to popular taste to make popular and present to the general public; bring into general or common use; 'They popularized coffee in Washington State'; 'Relativity Theory was vulgarized by these authors')`
Super-classes	Disseminating^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Popularized^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Popular^c

MakingStuffFromMaterials^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingStuffFromMaterials`
Description	''MakingStuffFromMaterials'' is a 'MakingaPhysicalSubstance'' in which some quantities of different substances (and perhaps objects) are brought together to produce another type of substance. This is here to represent the WordNet 'create from raw material' as a parent for ''Brewing''. Other uses for this type would be industrial chemical manufacturing. NOTE that this is an intentional process,so most of the subtypes of 'ChemicalReaction'' would not need this parent. `The starting materials would be pointed to by a ''#hadChangedEntity"'' restriction.`
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalSubstance^c ProcessingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Brewing^c BrewingBeer^c MakingTea^c

MakingTea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingTea`
Description	'MakingTea'' is a ''MakingStuffFromMaterials'' in which ''TeaLeaves'' are immersed in hot water for a short time to extract the soluble materials, called ''Tea''. `CYC: MakingTea-TheBeverage Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'brew' in WordNet: 2. brew - (sit or let sit in boiling water so as to extract the flavor; 'the tea is brewing')`
Super-classes	ExtractingBySteeping^c PreparingABeverage^c MakingStuffFromMaterials^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Tea^c hadChangedEntity^op value TeaLeaves^c

MakingToast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingToast`
Description	A ''ToastingSomething'' with Bread or a BreadObject as the thing changed by heating. `CYC Subjecting a slice of bread to heat for about 5 minutes, allowing its surface to brown.`
Super-classes	ToastingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Toast^c hadObjectModified^op value BreadObject^c

MakingWrittenMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingWrittenMaterial`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which an #$InformationBearingObject (a PhysicalObject) containing written material is created. Includes #$Writing, and the reproduction of #$TextualMaterial. `COSMO note: Not all instance of ''MakingWrittenMaterial'' produce a ''Document-Physical''. For that use subtype ''DocumentCreation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'write down' in WordNet: 1. (4) write down, set down, get down, put down - (put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.)`
Super-classes	MakingaRecord^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c UsingALanguage^c
Sub-classes	BookingaPerp^c Writing^c Printing^c WritingWithIdeograms^c TranscribingSpeech^c

MakingaBoomingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaBoomingSound`
Description	''MakingaBoomingSound'' is to emit a ''Boom'' by any means, explosives,thunder, low-frequency bell or drum. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'boom' in WordNet: 1. (5) boom, din - (make a resonant sound, like artillery; 'His deep voice boomed through the hall')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Boom^c

MakingaContract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaContract`
Description	'MakingaContract' is a subtype of 'MakingAnAgreement' in which the agreement is a ''Contract', i.e. a binding Agreement that specifies mutual obligations of each participant. `Each ''MakingaContract'' produces mutual Obligations on the participating ''ContractingAgents''. The verb 'contract' will typically have some auxiliary preposition attached - contract with,contract for, contract to. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contract' in WordNet: 1. (8) contract, undertake - (enter into a contractual arrangement)`
Super-classes	TwoAgentAction^c MakingaDeal^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Obligation^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value ContractingAgents^c produced^op some Contract^c
Sub-classes	Concession^c MakingaMoneyLoan^c

MakingaCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaCopy`
Description	''MakingaCopy'' is type of ''Creation'' in which the thing made is a (more or less exact) 'copy' of something that exists or used to exist. The 'copy' can be a PhysicalObject or an abstractObject, or an Action, or anything. It is usually a PhysicalObject, even when, as in ''IBTCopying'' the thing made may only be a pattern of electrical charges in a computer that represents some information. One subtype is ''Revitalization'', which includes revivals of plays, traditions, etc. NOTE that some things here categorized as subtypes of ''MakingaCopy'' do not leave the original intact, such as ''Modification'' (or in SciFi, teleportation). This interpretation may not be useful. `Corresponds to verb senses 3 and 4 of 'copy' in WordNet: 3. replicate, copy - (reproduce or make an exact copy of; 'replicate the cell'; 'copy the genetic information') 4. copy, re-create - (make a replica of; 'copy that drawing'; 're-create a picture by Rembrandt') WN verb 'reproduce': 1. (13) reproduce - (make a copy or equivalent of; 'reproduce the painting')`
Super-classes	Action^c Creation^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (Copy^c or ObjectType^c or ActionType^c) hasThingCopiedOrImitated^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Simulating^c Duplicating^c Plagiarism^c Revitalization^c Cloning^c IBTCopying^c

MakingaCrashingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaCrashingSound`
Description	MakingaCrashingSound is any Event which caused a CrashingSound to occur. A crashing sound itself is represented as 'CrashingSound'. `This sense does not appear to be represented in WordNet..`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	causes^op value CrashingSound^c

MakingaCrunchingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaCrunchingSound`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'crunch' in WordNet: 1. (1) crunch, scranch, scraunch, crackle - (make crunching noises; 'his shoes were crunching on the gravel')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value CrunchingSound^c

MakingaDeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaDeal`
Description	A specialization of 'MakingAnAgreement' in which the agreement produced is a'Deal', specifying obligations of the participating parties. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 6 of 'deal' in WordNet: 6. (4) deal, sell, trade - (do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood; 'She deals in gold'; 'The brothers sell shoes')`
Super-classes	MakingAnAgreement^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Deal^c
Sub-classes	StipulatingaCondition^c MakingaContract^c Compromising^c MakingaTwoAgentDeal^c

MakingaFarewellGesture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaFarewellGesture`
Description
Super-classes	MakingAGesture^c
Restrictions	produces^op value FarewellGesture^c

MakingaGain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaGain`
Description	''MakingaGain'' is an ImprovementEvent in which some IntelligentAgent improves his/her/its situation in some respect by 'gaining' something, physical or abstract, so that the situation improves in the direction of some definable goal state. This is not for physical motion. @mod65 . It could apply to economic progress, personal development, progress in creation of some artifact, progress toward some goal of a group, or many other things in which a gain of something is considered as 'progress'. This is an abstract sense of 'gain' or 'advance' that includes physical gains or advances as subtypes. For physical movement forward, use 'AdvancingEvent'. RHW noun 'gain' 14. profit or advantage. 15. an increase or advance. 17. the act of gaining; acquisition. Includes verb senses 2, 3, and 5 of 'gain', noun sense 4 and part of verb sense 1 (for figurative progress toward a goal) of 'advance' in WordNet: 2. (13) acquire, win, gain - (win something through one's efforts; 'I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese'; 'Gain an understanding of international finance') 3. (7) profit, gain, benefit - (derive a benefit from; 'She profited from his vast experience') 5. (2) gain, advance, win, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground - (obtain advantages, such as points, etc.; 'The home team was gaining ground'; 'After defeating the Knicks, the Blazers pulled ahead of the Lakers in the battle for the number-one playoff berth in the Western Conference')
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	ScoringPoints^c Defrauding^c AdvancingEvent^c PromotingSomeone^c

MakingaList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaList`
Description	The act of creating a 'List'. `This includes senses 1 and 3 of the verb 'list' in WordNet: 1. (24) list, name - (give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of; 'List the states west of the Mississippi') 3. (1) number, list - (enumerate; 'We must number the names of the great mathematicians')`
Super-classes	CompilingSomething^c Collecting^c
Restrictions	produced^op some List^c

MakingaMap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaMap`
Description	''MakingaMap'' is the act of producing a ''GeographicMap''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'map' in WordNet: 1. (3) map - (make a map of; show or establish the features of details of; 'map the surface of Venus')`
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c InformationTransferEvent^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op only (Map^c or GeographicMap^c) produces^op only GeographicMap^c

MakingaMechanicalDrawing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaMechanicalDrawing`
Description	''MakingaMechanicalDrawing'' is the Action of creating a hand-rendered ''MechanicalDrawing''.
Super-classes	Drawing-Depicting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value MechanicalDrawing^c

MakingaMoneyLoan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaMoneyLoan`
Description	''MakingaMoneyLoan'' is a 'MakingaContract' in which the ''Contract' is an agreement for one party to lend money to another, and the other party to pay it back in some form at some time. This type includes the actions of both borower and seller. `This type is only for loans of Money - other loans can be represented by ''Borrowing' or ''Lending''. This Action includes the Actions of both parties (''Borrowing'' and 'Lending'') , though the parties have different perspectives and results. This Action can be represented from each of the individual parties separately, but as of rev1389 those perspectives are not separated out.`
Super-classes	MakingaContract^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Lending^c resultsInAcquisitionOf^op some Loan^c produced^op value Owing^c hasSubEvent^op value Borrowing^c isPerformedBy^op value Borrower^c isPerformedBy^op value Lender^c produced^op value Loan^c
Sub-classes	MakingaMortgageAgreement^c

MakingaMortgageAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaMortgageAgreement`
Description	;;MakingaMortgageAgreement; is a ''MakingaLoan'' in which the Loan is secured by an interest in some property, often a private residence.. `CYC 'Mortgaging': The collection of #$MakingAnAgreement events in which money is borrowed and a claim against the borrower's property is given to secure the loan. See #$MortgageAgreement. This Action includes the Actions of both parties (''Borrowing'' and 'Lending'') , though the parties have different perspectives and results. This Action can be represented from each of the individual parties separately, but as of rev1389 those perspectives are not separated out.`
Super-classes	MakingaMoneyLoan^c MakingaTwoAgentContract^c FinancingaPurchase^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op some BuyingRealEstate^c isPerformedBy^op value Lender^c hasSubEvent^op value Lending^c isPerformedBy^op value Borrower^c produced^op some MortgageAgreement^c hasSubEvent^op value Borrowing^c

MakingaMovie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaMovie`
Description	''MakingaMovie'' is a ''MakingaPictureOrMovie'' (''CreatingaConceptualWork'') in which the thing created is an abstract ''Movie''. For the component act of actually 'filming' the movie (operating the camera) use subtype ''FilmingaMovie''. This includes all actions involved in making the movie, including all the supporting work performed by Persons helping in the production. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'movie making' in WordNet: 1. moviemaking, movie making, film making - (the production of movies)`
Super-classes	CreatingaConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCreated^op some Movie^c hadObjectCreated^op some Movie^c

MakingaPaymentOnTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaPaymentOnTime`
Description	''MakingaPaymentOnTime'' is a 'MeetingaDeadlne'' in which the task required is ''PayingWithMoney'' (which could be part of a ''RepayingWithMoney'') to satisfy some agreement (often a loan or other or of time payments, including pensions and other periodic payments from Organizations.
Super-classes	MeetingaDeadlne^c PayingWithMoney^c FulfillingAnObligation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prompt^c

MakingaPensionPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaPensionPayment`
Description	''MakingaPensionPayment'' is an ''InstallmentPayment'' that is one of the periodic Payment actions that pay a ''Pension'' to a Retiree..
Super-classes	InstallmentPayment^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value PensionPayment^c

MakingaPhysicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaPhysicalObject`
Description	COSMO note: this is for creating a PhysicalObject by means of a PurposefulPhysicalAction; the thing made is therefore an 'ArtifactObject'. Growing crops (planting and cultivation) is a borderline included sense of 'MakingaPhysicalObject' For creating a ConceptualWork, use 'CreatingaConceptualWork'. In the case of Writing, both kinds of Creation, of an abstract and physical artifact, is usually occurring at the same time. For producing artifacts for sale use 'Manufacturing' Cyc: A collection of creation events - a specialization of both #$CreatingAnArtifact and #$PhysicalCreationEvent (qq.v.). Each instance of this collection involves some #$PartiallyTangible thing being made (by some #$Agent-PartiallyTangible) from raw materials or from parts. The end result (see #$productsCreated) might or might not be a #$Product. Examples include baking a loaf of bread and assembling a high-fidelity audio component. See also the more specialized #$Constructing. In SUMO called 'Making': The subclass of Creation in which an individual Artifact or a type of Artifact is made. Includes verb senses 6, 15, and 28 of 'make' and sense 2 of 'produce' and noun senses 1 and 3 of 'production' and sense 3 of 'yield' in WordNet, but excludes production of abstract things like poetry: in WordNet: 6. (53) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries) 15. (9) make - (make by shaping or bringing together constituents; make a dress; make a cake; make a wall of stones) 28. (2) cook, fix, ready, make, prepare - (prepare for eating by applying heat; Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?; fix breakfast for the guests, please) WN 'production' 1. (229) production - ((economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; 'he introduced more efficient methods of production') 3. (134) production - (the act or process of producing something; 'Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous'; 'the production of white blood cells') WN verb 'yield': 3. (4) render, yield, return, give, generate - (give or supply; 'The cow brings in 5 liters of milk'; 'This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn'; 'The estate renders some revenue for the family')
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c PhysicalCreationEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (ArtifactObject^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	EnclosingAnObject^c EncirclingSomething^c ImageCaptureEvent^c AutomobileFabrication^c MakingMultipleCopies^c Xeroxing^c MakingSomethingAtHome^c BuildingSomething^c MakingSomethingBySewing^c SurroundingSomething^c MakingWrittenMaterial^c FashioningSomething^c Spelling^c PreparingFoodOrDrink^c Customizing^c Cultivation^c MakingaMap^c Manufacturing^c

MakingaPhysicalSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaPhysicalSubstance`
Description	'MakingaPhysicalSubstance'' is an Action in which some quantity of some ''PhysicalSubstance'' is made by a ''PurposefulAction''. NOTE that the restriction includes 'ArtifactObject'' as the output - this would be some quantity of some substance. This is not for cooking, a different type. NOTE: WN has no specific synset for this, it is only distinguished from other type of 'making' by the material (an 'ArtificialSubstance'') produced by human effort. Milking cows is not an example. NOTE: in WordNet: 6. (53) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries) WN 'production' 1. (229) production - ((economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; 'he introduced more efficient methods of production') 3. (134) production - (the act or process of producing something; 'Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous'; 'the production of white blood cells')
Super-classes	PhysicalCreationEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c CreatingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (ArtifactObject^c or SubstanceType^c or ArtificialSubstance^c)
Sub-classes	MakingStuffFromMaterials^c

MakingaPictureOrMovie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaPictureOrMovie`
Description	''MakingaPictureOrMovie'' is a ''CreatingaConceptualWork'' in which the thing created is an abstract ''Photograph'' or ''Movie''. This is the transitive sense, and can use the 'hasTopic' or ''hasDirectObject'' relation to specify the (abstract) Object or Event that is recorded.. That abstract Object created can be related to the PhysicalObject created when that is needed. For (abstract) Movies specifically, use the subtype ''MakingaMovie'' and for creating a (e.g. celluloid) physical 'film' the type ''FilmingaMovie'' is specific for that. Electronic recording directly to a computer is not yet represented explicitly. NOTE that this represents the making of the abstract Movie or Photograph. This also is accompanied by making something Physical (assuming that an electronic file in a computer can be considered as a ''PhysicalObject'') but this allows the reference to the conceptual work without being concerned with which specific PhysicalObject was the original representation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'film' in WordNet: 1. (2) film, shoot, take - (make a film or photograph of something; 'take a scene'; 'shoot a movie')
Super-classes	CreatingaConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCreated^op some (Movie^c or AbstractImage^c)

MakingaPlan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaPlan`
Description	COSMO note: each 'MakingaPlan' is a type of 'PlaningEvent' in which some plan of action is actually created. The Plan may be represented solely in one personl mind, or may be represented in a formal document. A written Proposal for some action will usually include a Plan, and preparing that Proposal would be an instance of 'MakingaPlan'. Cyc: An instance of #$HumanCapabilityType and a specialization of #$Planning and #$CreatingAnArtifact. Each instance of #$MakingAPlan is an event in which an #$IntelligentAgent generates a #$Plan (q.v.). Note that instances of #$MakingAPlan do not include (for example, as sub-events) the actual implementation of any plan; an actual implementation of a plan will be an activity that follows some instance of this collection. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'plan' in WordNet: 3. (17) plan, project, contrive, design - (make or work out a plan for; devise; 'They contrived to murder their boss'; 'design a new sales strategy'; 'plan an attack')
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c PlanningEvent^c
Restrictions	typicallyProduces^op value Plan^c typicallyStarts^op value PreparingForSituation^c
Sub-classes	Scheduling^c PlanningAnOperation^c

MakingaQuip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaQuip`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quip' in WordNet: 1. (1) gag, quip - (make jokes or quips; 'The students were gagging during dinner') WN noun 'quip': 2. wisecrack, crack, sally, quip - (witty remark)`
Super-classes	JokeTelling^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Joke^c

MakingaRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaRecord`
Description	MakingaRecord is an form of creating a representation of information (an 'IBOCreation'') intended to produce a PhysicalObject (including electronic documents) that have either text or images that can be perceived after the reording event. This includes hand writing a document. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'record' in WordNet: 1. (36) record, enter, put down - (make a record of; set down in permanent form)`
Super-classes	StoringInformation^c IBOCreation^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Recording^c
Sub-classes	Scorekeeping^c InformationRecordingEvent^c MakingWrittenMaterial^c

MakingaRemark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaRemark`
Description	A ''MakingaRemark'' is a ''StatingSomething'' in which the Topic is something that has recently occurred, including other . statements by other people or topics referred to in other statements or Events that are observable. `Q: should this be an oral comment? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'remark' in WordNet: 1. (41) note, observe, mention, remark - (make mention of; 'She observed that his presentation took up too much time'; 'They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing')`
Super-classes	StatingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value RecentOccurrence^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

MakingaRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaRule`
Description	In each instance of 'MakingaRule', some instance of Rule is created, for one or more people. This is an Event, and at the conclusion of the Event, some Rule must be created, otherwise it is not an instance of this type. A process (such as a Legislative process) that has as it goal the creation of a Rule (or Law) is not an instance of this Event unless it succeeds in creating a Rule. To make a Rule, one needs to be an Authority, but this is a very general concept, and the Authority can be very local or informal, such as a parent or a leader of a small group. NOTE that in making a Rule, usually one specifies the Agents to whom the Rule applies, but this may not always be the case - contingent rules can be made for classes of Agents. @ToDo1005: To actually assign a Rule to some Agents, we need some 'AssigningaRule' Action as well. NOTE: when performed by a state or national 'LegislativeOrganization'', use the subtype ''Legislating'' or ''PassingaLaw'' (for the final passage). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enact' in WordNet: 1. (13) ordain, enact - (order by virtue of superior authority; decree; 'The King ordained the persecution and expulsion of the Jews'; 'the legislature enacted this law in 1985')
Super-classes	ImposingaRule^c CreatingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op only Authority^c produced^op some Rule^c
Sub-classes	Restricting^c MakingRulesCollectively^c

MakingaTreaty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaTreaty`
Description
Super-classes	MakingAnAgreement^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Treaty^c

MakingaTwoAgentAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaTwoAgentAgreement`
Description	'MakingTwoAgentAgreement' is a subtype of 'MakingAnAgreement' in which the agents to the agreement are considered as two agents - even if one or both of those agents are a collective agent such as an Organization or GroupOfPeople. In this case, each of the two agents must have an individual identity; for an Organization, this is not problematic, but if there is an agreement between one Person and a GroupOfPeople, that group should have some prior coherence, otherwise the agreement should be classified as multi-agent. `This is voluntary - not just acceding to a threat - an acceptance of 'an offer one can't refuse'. This is therefore classified as a ''GoodThing'' because this assumes that a voluntary agreement is performed in anticipation of benefits by both parties.`
Super-classes	MakingAnAgreement^c GoodThing^c TwoAgentAction^c
Restrictions	produced^op some TwoAgentAgreement^c
Sub-classes	MakingAnAppointment^c OpeningAnAccount^c

MakingaTwoAgentContract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaTwoAgentContract`
Description	'MakingaTwoAgentContract' is a subtype of 'MakingaTwoAgentDeal' in which the 'Deal' is a legally binding 'Contract'. `NOTE: a relation can be defined between the contracting parties, but requires FOL expressiveness. See the note below on 'MakingaTwoAgentAgreement'.`
Super-classes	MakingaTwoAgentDeal^c
Restrictions	produced^op some TwoAgentDeal^c
Sub-classes	SubscribingToaPeriodical^c MakingaMortgageAgreement^c

MakingaTwoAgentDeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaTwoAgentDeal`
Description	'MakingaTwoAgentDeal' is a subtype of 'MakingaTwoAgentAgreement' in which the agreement is a 'Deal', i.e. an Agreement that specifies mutual obligations of each participant.
Super-classes	TwoAgentAction^c MakingaDeal^c
Restrictions	produced^op some TwoAgentDeal^c
Sub-classes	MakingaTwoAgentContract^c

MakingaVideoRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaVideoRecording`
Description	''MakingaVideoRecording'' is to create a motion-picture video with any device in any medium, stored on any recording medium, tape, video disc, computer drive, whatever. This ctivity creates both an AbstractVideo and it physical repreentation, a generic '''' `CYC 'FilmingAVisualImage': Using a camera device to record a visual image, whether the medium is film or videotape. Recording a movie off of cable with an in-line VCR is not part of this collection - see #$MakingAVideoRecording. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'videotape' in WordNet: 1. videotape, tape - (record on videotape)`
Super-classes	VisualImageRecording^c VisualArtActivity^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (AbstractVideo^c or VideoRecording^c)

MakingaWhistlingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MakingaWhistlingSound`
Description	Any Event in which an Object (animal, person, whistle, teakettle,etc) makes a WhistlingSound. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'whistle' in WordNet (it is unclear whether inanimate objects are included): in WordNet: 1. (3) whistle - (make whistling sounds; 'He lay there, snoring and whistling')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value WhistlingSound^c

Malachite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malachite`
Description	A Green Mineral with swirling shapes, it makes beautiful ornamental objects and gems. In Russia the craft of making malachite objects is advanced and refined. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malachite' in WordNet: 1. malachite - (a green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value GreenColor^c

MalacostracanCrustacean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MalacostracanCrustacean`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malacostracan crustacean' in WordNet: 1. malacostracan crustacean - (a major subclass of crustaceans)`
Super-classes	Crustacean^c
Sub-classes	Krill^c

Malaria^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malaria`
Description	''Malaria'' is a ''ProtozoalInfection'' common in tropical areas, carried by the Anopheles mosquito. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malaria' in WordNet: 1. (2) malaria - (an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever)`
Super-classes	ProtozoalInfection^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op some Protozoan^c

Malathion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malathion

Description

This is the chemical substance, and not specific as to the form. 'Malathion' is a brand name.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Malathion' in WordNet:
         1. Malathion - (a yellow insecticide used as a dust or spray 
             to control garden pests and house flies and mites)

Super-classes Insecticide^c

Male^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Male

Description

''Male'' is an AttributeValue of a ''MaleOrganism'

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'male' in WordNet:
      1. (8) male - (being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes
        (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation;
        'a male infant'; 'a male holly tree')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

MaleAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaleAnimal`
Description	CYC: The collection of all male animals.
Super-classes	MaleOrganism^c Animal^c
Sub-classes	MalePerson^c StagDeer^c Colt^c Stallion^c Peacock^c TomTurkey^c Bull-MaleHerdAnimal^c Cock^c Ram^c Gander^c Merman^c

MaleDominated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaleDominated`
Description	'MaleDominated'' is the attribute of some population of Animals in which there are significantly more males than females, often affecting the character or behavior of the whole population. `When applied to Human populations, this characterizes social norms in which the males have and can exercise rights, including rights over women, that women cannot exercise, such as ownership of property and ability to control wives and children. For formal social organization principle for male-dominated human groups use subtype ''Patriarchal''.`
Super-classes	PopulationCharacteristicDistribution^c Group^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value GroupOfAnimals^c
Sub-classes	Patriarchal^c

MaleOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaleOrganism`
Description	$BiologicalLivingObjects having male sex organs `and performing male sexual functions, such as fertilizing ova. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'male' in WordNet: 1. (6) male - (an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)) 2. (4) male, male person - (a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies)`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	hasGender^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaleSex^c
Sub-classes	MaleAnimal^c

MalePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MalePerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of all male people of any age. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'male' in WordNet: 2. (4) male, male person - (a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies)`
Super-classes	MaleAnimal^c Person^c
Sub-classes	BoyFriend^c Monk^c Groom^c Hero^c Baronet^c LordNoble^c Marquis^c Quadruplet^c King-HeadOfState^c Viscount^c Father^c Chap^c Son^c HomosexualMalePerson^c Marquess^c Boy^c Grandson^c MaleUndergraduate^c Uncle^c Man^c Eunuch^c Duke^c Brother^c Nephew^c Prince^c Baron^c DrumMajor^c Suitor^c Playboy^c
In domain of	isTheFatherOf^op
In range of	hasSon^op hasHusband^op hasFather^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LeeHarveyOswald http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DwightDavidEisenhower http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarryAllard http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jesus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrancisScottKey http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OliverStone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schulz http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#J.M.Barrie http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatrickCassidy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Job-Biblical http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ClaudeJosephRougetdeLisle http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JohnFitzgeraldKennedy

MaleUndergraduate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaleUndergraduate`
Description	A ''MaleUndergraduate'' is an ''Undergraduate'' who is male.
Super-classes	Undergraduate^c MalePerson^c

Maleness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maleness`
Description	''Maleness'' is a subtype of ''Gender'' for male animals. In humans,this usually refers to the physical characteristics of conspicuously male people, such as large upper body muscles, deep voice, wide shoulders, and tall stature. `For behavioral male characteristics, use ''Masculinity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maleness' in WordNet: 1. (1) maleness, masculinity - (the properties characteristic of the male sex)`
Super-classes	Gender^c
Sub-classes	Femininity^c Masculinity^c Manhood^c

Malevolent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malevolent

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'malevolent' in Wordnet:
          1. malevolent - (wishing or appearing to wish evil to others; 
             arising from intense ill will or hatred; 'a gossipy malevolent old woman'; 
             'failure made him malevolent toward those who were successful')

Super-classes Cruel^c

Malfunctioning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malfunctioning`
Description	CYC 'Malfunction': A specialization of both #$DysfunctionalCondition and #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$Malfunction is a dynamic state of impairment, in the sense that it has temporal aspects, it progresses dynamically, and so on; it is not just being in some static state of error (as non-event instances of #$DysfunctionalCondition are). Notable specializations of #$Malfunction include #$AgentBasedSystemMalfunction and #$Cancer. #$Malfunction is an instance of #$TemporalStuffType, since #$situationTemporalParts of malfunctions are themselves malfunctions down to a relatively fine granularity. `NOTE that the restriction requires specifying in what Object the malfunctioning occurs. When this occurs in a ''Device'' it is usually caused by a ''Defect''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malfunction' in WordNet: 1. malfunction - - (a failure to function normally)`
Super-classes	DysfunctionalCondition^c
Restrictions	causes^op some DysfunctionalCondition^c occurredAt^op some PhysicalObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c

Malicious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malicious

Description

''Malicious'' is the attribute of a Person who is seeking to harm another Person based on a dislike of that Person.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'malicious' in Wordnet:
          1. malicious - (having the nature of or resulting from malice; 'malicious gossip'; 
             'took malicious pleasure in...watching me wince' - Rudyard Kipling)

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Malignant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malignant`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'malignant' in WordNet: 1. malignant - (dangerous to health; characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor))`
Super-classes	Dangerous^c

MalignantTumor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MalignantTumor`
Description	`cancer, malignant neoplastic disease Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malignant tumor' in WordNet: 1. malignant tumor, malignant neoplasm, metastatic tumor - (a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body)`
Super-classes	Tumor^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value Cancer^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GrowingAggressively^c
Sub-classes	Carcinoma^c

MallardDuck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MallardDuck

Description

Common North American duck. Both wild and domesticated populations exist. Males have distinctive emerald-green heads.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mallard' in WordNet:
           1. mallard, Anas platyrhynchos - (wild dabbling duck from 
             which domestic ducks are descended; widely distributed)

Super-classes Duck^c
WildAnimal^c
Bird^c

Malleability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malleability`
Description	An AttributeType applying to an Object or Substance. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Malleability is a specific capacity of a physical material to be shaped or formed. Different degrees of malleability may be designated using a #$GenericValueFunction. Malleability of objects is indicated with the predicate #$malleabilityOfObject (q.v.). From Wikipedia: In materials science, ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar property, is a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malleability' in WordNet: 1. malleability, plasticity - (the property of being physically malleable; the property of something that can be worked or hammered or shaped without breaking)
Super-classes	Flexibility^c PhysicalAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Malleable^c isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo^op value ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Ductility^c

Malleable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malleable`
Description	''Malleable'' is the attribute of solid objects or solid substances that can have their shape changed without breaking them or changing the volume, as by folding, hammering, rolling, or drawing into a wire. `Corresponds to part (ductile is a subtype) of adjective sense 2 of 'malleable' in Wordnet: 2. ductile, malleable, pliable, pliant, tensile, tractile - (capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out; 'ductile copper'; 'malleable metals such as gold'; 'they soaked the leather to made it pliable'; 'pliant molten glass'; 'made of highly tensile steel alloy')`
Super-classes	Flexible^c
Sub-classes	Ductile^c

MalleableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MalleableObject`
Description	A 'MalleableObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is ''Malleable'', i.e. consists of some Malleable substance.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Malleable^c
Sub-classes	PieceOfDough^c

MalleableThingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MalleableThingType`
Description	Each instance of ''MalleableThingType'' is a type of Object or Substance that is sufficiently non-brittle that it can have its shape changed without changing its volume, as by hammering, pressing designs into (as with coins), rolling (as with steel) or drawing into a wire (as with copper or aluminum).
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Copper Coin Iron Terbium ConductingWire Gadolinium Lead Zinc Gallium Wire Thallium CopperWire

MalletHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MalletHead`
Description	A ''MalletHead'' is the head part of a ''SportsMallet''.
Super-classes	StrikingPartOfTool^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value FlatEnds^c isAtTheEndOf^op value SportMallet^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value SportMallet^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c

Malleus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malleus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malleus' in WordNet: 1. malleus, hammer - (the ossicle attached to the eardrum)`
Super-classes	AuditoryOssicle^c
Restrictions	touchesDirectly^op value Eardrum^c

Mallow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mallow`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mallow' in WordNet: 1. mallow - (any of various plants of the family Malvaceae)`
Super-classes	MallowOrder^c Bush^c

MallowOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MallowOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Mallow^c

Malnutrition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malnutrition`
Description	CYC: A collection of physiological conditions caused by the lack of essential #$Nutrients (usually vitamins, minerals or proteins). Specialized forms of #$Malnutrition are: (1) #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition, in which the necessary nutrients are not ingested; and (2) #$Malnutrition-Secondary, in which the necessary nutrients are not properly metabolized. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malnutrition' in WordNet: 1. malnutrition - (a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods)`
Super-classes	DeficiencyDisease^c
Sub-classes	Avitaminosis^c DietaryDeficiencyCondition^c Starvation^c

Malpractice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Malpractice`
Description	''Malpractice'' is most often used for 'Medical Malpractice' - not yet represented. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malpractice' in WordNet: 1. malpractice - (professional wrongdoing that results in injury or damage; 'the widow sued his surgeon for malpractice')`
Super-classes	ViolatingAnObligation^c Wrongdoing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Erroneous^c isPerformedBy^op some ProfessionalPerson^c causes^op some IncurringDamage^c

MaltedMilk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaltedMilk`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malted milk' in WordNet: 1. malted, malt, malted milk - (a milkshake made with malt powder)`
Super-classes	MilkShake^c

Mammal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mammal`
Description	Mammals (female variety) can suckle their young (under certain circumstances), and also typically have hair. The playpus lays eggs, so not all mammals bear their young live. Cyc: An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a sub-taxon of #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Mammal is an air-breathing, warm-blooded animal which, if female, nurses its young with milk secreted by mammary glands. The skin of instances of #$Mammal is typically covered with hair (or sometimes hair modified into scales or plates, as in pangolins), but some types are almost hairless. All mammals other than the Monotremes of Australia bear live young rather than laying eggs, and have teats, which on females are used for nursing the young. Monotremes do not have teats, but both male and female produce milk from mammary glands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammal' in WordNet: 1. (3) mammal, mammalian - (any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk)
Super-classes	AirBreathingVertebrate^c Homeotherm^c WalkingAnimal^c IntentionalAgent^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	InsectivorousMammal^c RangeAnimal^c HoofedMammal^c Marsupial^c Prototherian^c Goat^c Werewolf^c Mole^c AquaticMammal^c Shrew^c Hippopotamus^c Varmint^c Pup^c PlacentalMammal^c FemaleMammal^c
In domain of	hasCloseRelative^op isaSiblingOf^op
In range of	hasCloseRelative^op isaSiblingOf^op

MammalEye^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MammalEye`
Description	An Eye on a mammal, different from one on an insect or a chameleon. A ''HumanEye'' is a subtype. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'eye' in WordNet: 1. (264) eye, oculus, optic - (the organ of sight)`
Super-classes	VertebrateEye^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	HumanEye^c

MammaryGland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MammaryGland`
Description	One breast of a mammal, twhere the teat is. `CYC: Mammaries of female primates. For the front part of the chest of a person, use 'Breast-BodyPart'. SUMO: The paired Organs which are part of the chests of Primates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammary gland' in WordNet: 1. mammary gland, mamma - (milk-secreting organ of female mammals)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart-Female^c ExternalOrgan^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Teat^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Breast-BodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Dug^c

Mammogram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mammogram`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammogram' in WordNet: 1. mammogram - (X-ray film of the soft tissue of the breast)`
Super-classes	XRayImage^c
Restrictions	isanImageOf^op value Breast^c

Mammography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mammography`
Description	A ''Mammography''is the execution of a procedure for detecting Cancer or pre-cancerous nodules in a human ''Breast'. `NOTE: this type is the actual execution of a Procedure for examining the female Breast. In WordNet the parent is a ''Procedure'' which in COSMO is not an Action, but a subtype of ''Specification'' (a MentalObject that describes a method for doing something). The coresponding ''Procedure'' is not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammography' in WordNet: 1. mammography - (a diagnostic procedure to detect breast tumors by the use of X rays)`
Super-classes	MedicalDiagnosis^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value BreastCancer^c hasSubEvent^op value TakingAnX-Ray^c produces^op value Mammogram^c

Mammoth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mammoth`
Description	CYC has ''Mammoth'' directly as a ''Pachyderm'' but WN has it as an 'Elephant'. This type uses the ''Pachyderm'' as parent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammoth' in WordNet: 1. mammoth - (any of numerous extinct elephants widely distributed in the Pleistocene; extremely large with hairy coats and long upcurved tusks)`
Super-classes	Elephant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extinct^c hasOrganicPart^op value LongTusk^c
Sub-classes	WoollyMammoth^c

Man^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Man`
Description	An adult male human. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'man' and includes noun sense 1 of 'guy' in WordNet: 1. (1437) man, adult male - - (an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman); 'there were two women and six men on the bus') WN noun 'guy': 1. (33) guy, cat, hombre, bozo - (an informal term for a youth or man; ' a nice guy'; 'the guy's only doing it for some doll')`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c MalePerson^c
Sub-classes	AbleBodiedSeaman^c Salesman^c RomanMan^c Irishman^c Manservant^c Fiance^c Dude^c Bachelor^c IronMan^c Bloke^c Ex-Husband^c Seaman^c Gentleman^c Libertine^c Friar^c Countryman^c SonInLaw^c Patriarch^c Stud^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adam-Biblical

ManMade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManMade`
Description	'ManMade' is an AttributeValue of Objects (including MentalObjects) or substances that are intentionally created by humans, for a purpose rather than by the inanimate forces of nature or by plants or Animals. NOTE: substances that are extracted from natural sources such as plants or animals or minerals, but not further processed by ''ChemicalSynthesis'' fit into this category. If chemical synthesis is used to prepare the product, it is ''Synthetic'' even if it occurs in nature. For substances, use the subAttribute ''Synthetic''. The term 'man-made' is usually used to refer to things that are created by humans, even if they also exist in nature. This is broader, referring to things that do not exist in nature as well. e.g. 'artifical diamonds'. Things like ''Reservoir'' which are partly made by people are included. This sense is an exact antonym of 'Natural'. This would be the sense of 'artificial' in 'Artificial Intelligence'. Corresponds to sense 1 of adjective 'man-made' and sense 1 of 'artificial' in WordNet: WN adj 'man-made' (part - not for chemical substances, see ''Synthetic''): 1. man-made, semisynthetic, synthetic - (not of natural origin; prepared or made artificially; 'man-made fibers'; 'synthetic leather') WN adj 'artificial': 1. (4) artificial, unreal - (contrived by art rather than nature; 'artificial flowers'; 'artificial flavoring'; 'an artificial diamond'; 'artificial fibers'; 'artificial sweeteners') WN adj 'artifactual': 1. artifactual, artefactual - (of or relating to artifacts)
Super-classes	Artificial^c
Sub-classes	Synthetic^c Modular^c

Manageable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manageable`
Description	''Manageable''is a broad attribute including the management of Devices and DeviceTypes, animals, or ''ProblemSituation''s. Tasks that are 'achievable' are characterized by the subAttribute ''Feasible''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'manageable' in Wordnet: 1. manageable - (capable of being managed or controlled)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Feasible^c Controllable^c

Managed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Managed`
Description	''Managed'' is the property of something (Person, Organization, project, task, etc.) that has been in some sense 'managed'.
Super-classes	Controlled^c

ManagedEconomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManagedEconomy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'managed economy' in WordNet: 1. managed economy - (a non-market economy in which government intervention is important in allocating goods and resources and determining prices)`
Super-classes	NonMarketEconomy^c
Sub-classes	Socialism^c

ManagementEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManagementEvent`
Description	An Event in which a person with responsibility for overseeing some ''HumanGroupActivity'' performs one or more Actions involving direction or supervision of other Person(s). This is for general overseeing or supervising but for the direct supervision of a subordinate use ''Supervising''' This type of 'managing' is narrower than that which may be performed by a 'Manager', who might manage affairs without supervising others. The action of a Manager while s/he is managing people. The mere perfomrance of a 'ManagementEvent' makes a person a de facto 'manager' whether or not that role is persistent or formalized. Cyc specifies 'Management' as being specifically a business activity, but in COSMO it is broader, as it can include managing a family's activities or budget; but it must include either having some control over another's activities, or doing something for the benefit of some person (who could be the person doing the managing - managing one's own affairs). There is some Person affected other than the actor. NOTE that the more general sense of 'managing' a situation is represented in 'TakingCareOfSomething' Cyc: The collection of #$PurposefulActions in which some #$IntelligentAgent works to maintain someone's business interests, either those of another #$IntelligentAgent or agents (such as a #$Person or an #$Organization). Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'manage' and sense 1 of 'supervise' and verb sense 1 of 'administer' in WordNet: 4. (3) oversee, supervise, superintend, manage - (watch and direct; 'Who is overseeing this project?') WN noun 'management': 1. (19) management, direction - (the act of managing something; 'he was given overall management of the program'; 'is the direction of the economy a function of government?') WN verb 'administer': 1. (9) administer, administrate - (work in an administrative capacity; supervise; 'administer a program') WN noun 'supervision': 1. (6) supervision, supervising, superintendence, oversight - (management by overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group)
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c WorkingEvent^c PurposefulAction^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasAffectedEvent^op some HumanGroupActivity^c hadAffectedAgent^op some Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Manager^c
Sub-classes	Supervising^c AcademicManagementEvent^c Repression^c DirectingAnAgent^c DirectingAnOperation^c Homemaking^c OrganizingaGroup^c Mismanagement^c BusinessManagementEvent^c AdministrationOfAnOrganization^c

Manager^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manager`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc a 'Manager' is defined primarily in a business context. We include that sense here, but include broader senses including 'Coordinator' whose function is to make people work effectively together,but may not have direct authority over them.. A ''Manager'' is not necessarily a Leader, as that implies an even higher level of influence. For a GroupOfPeople who 'manage' an Organization see ''Administration''. NOTE that some agent roles who 'manage' things are not ''Manager''s in this sense. A ''Shepherd'' for example 'manages' Sheep, but is not a ''Manager''. NOTE: for business enterprises, an owner can also be a Manager, and is not necessarily an employee. @ToDo: for more business detail 'OwnerOrManager' and 'ownsOrManages' might be added. Cyc: A specialization of #$AdministrativeStaffPerson. Each instance of #$Manager is a person whose primary job is to manage other people, directing their work activity in an #$Organization or for a #$Project. A #$Manager tells his or her subordinate workers what to do. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manager' in WordNet: 1. (29) director, manager, managing director - (someone who controls resources and expenditures)
Super-classes	Decision-Maker^c AdministrativeStaffPerson^c InfluentialPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ManagementEvent^c typicallyManages^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or AgentType^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Warden^c Coordinator^c Treasurer^c Boss^c Grocer^c Planter^c Jeweler^c Supervisor^c Shopkeeper^c MasterOfCeremonies^c Sheriff^c HeadWaiter^c HeadOfGovernment^c

Managerial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Managerial`
Description	''Managerial'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Management'' (see also subtype''''pertaining to ''Administration'') and things directly associated with those types. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'managerial' in WordNet: 1. managerial - (of or relating to the function or responsibility or activity of management)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Administrative^c

Managing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Managing

Description

''Managing'' is an attribute of people who are performing a ''ManagementEvent''. This attribute (adjectival form) is usually used to modify terms for Roles performed by people in Organizations that have more than one type of Role sing that term: 'ManagingEditor'; 'ManagingDirector'

         No WN sense.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Manatee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manatee`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manatee' in WordNet: 1. manatee, Trichechus manatus - (sirenian mammal of tropical coastal waters of America; the flat tail is rounded)`
Super-classes	SeaCow^c

Mandate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mandate

Description

A ''Mandate'' is a ''LegalDocument'' that gives an instruction.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mandate' in WordNet:
          1. (1) mandate, authorization, authorisation - (a document giving
             an official instruction or command)

Super-classes LegalDocument^c

Mane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mane`
Description	The long hair growing from the neck of some animal, as from a horse or Lion, `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mane' in WordNet: 1. (1) mane - (long coarse hair growing from the crest of the animal's neck)`
Super-classes	MobOfHair-Mammal^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAtOrOn^op value Neck^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

Maneuver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maneuver`
Description	An intentional Action within a series of actions aimed at achieving some goal, usually within a contest, but also applicable more generally (as in a maneuver in a surgical operation). This is the most general 'maneuver' including military maneuvers, game maneuvers, and others. In many cases, a Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for winning a Contest, but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi-arbitrary part of some series of Actions. `For the Military maneuver use subtype ''MilitaryManeuver''. Includes most senses of 'maneuver' in WordNet. Subtype are more specific. in WordNet: 2. maneuver, manoeuvre, simulated military operation - (a military training exercise) 3. maneuver, manoeuvre, play - (a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill; 'he made a great maneuver'; 'the runner was out on a play by the shortstop') 5. maneuver, manoeuvre, evasive action - (an action aimed at evading an opponent)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Tactic^c
Sub-classes	Ploy^c RhetoricalManeuver^c Blitz^c SportsPlay^c MilitaryManeuver^c

Manganese^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manganese

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of manganese; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manganese' in WordNet:
          1. manganese, Mn, atomic number 25 - 
            (a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element 
            that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel;
            occurs in many minerals)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Manger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manger`
Description	An ''OpenTopContainer'' used to contain solid food for farm animals. `A food trough for animals. In the story of Jesus's birth, a manger served as his bed after he was born. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manger' in WordNet: 1. manger, trough - (a container (usually in a barn or stable) from which cattle or horses feed)`
Super-classes	AnimalFeeder^c OpenTopContainer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value DomesticatedAnimalFood^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c isForTheUseOf^op value FarmAnimal^c

MangoTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MangoTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mango tree' in WordNet: 1. mango, mango tree, Mangifera indica - (large evergreen tropical tree cultivated for its large oval fruit)`
Super-classes	Tree^c FruitTree^c

Manhood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manhood`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manhood' in WordNet: 1. (2) manhood - (the state of being a man; manly qualities)`
Super-classes	Quality^c Adulthood^c Maleness^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Man^c

Manhunt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manhunt`
Description	A ''Manhunt'' is a type of ''Searching'' in which some group of Police look for some Person who is of interest (not necessarily a ''Suspect'') in a CriminalInvestigationEvent, or who has escaped from custody. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manhunt' in WordNet: 1. manhunt - (an organized search (by police) for a person (charged with a crime))`
Super-classes	Searching^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value Fugitive^c enablesOrAssists^op value CriminalInvestigationEvent^c isPerformedBy^op value PoliceOrganization^c

Mania^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mania`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mania' in WordNet: 2. mania, manic disorder - (a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently)`
Super-classes	AffectiveDisorder^c
Sub-classes	Frenzy^c

Manic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manic

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'manic' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) frenzied, manic - (affected with or marked by frenzy or mania 
            uncontrolled by reason; 'a frenzied attack'; 'a frenzied mob';
            'the prosecutor's frenzied denunciation of the accused'- H.W.Carter; 
            'outbursts of drunken violence and manic activity and creativity')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ManicDepression^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManicDepression

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manic depression' in WordNet:
           1. bipolar disorder, manic depression, manic depressive illness, manic-depressive psychosis - 
              (a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression)

Super-classes PsychologicalAilment^c

Manifestation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manifestation`
Description	''Manifestation'' is an ''AppearingEvent'' and a ''ProvidingEvidence'' that is also a ''ShowingSomething'' that was not previously visible to the observer (evident, ''Obvious'') , by any Action, intentional or not. Thus making a facial gesture can be a ''Manifestation'' of a Feeling. A failed attempt can be a ''Manifestation'' of incompetence. `NOTE that some observable attribute may be present prior to the observer noticing it - therefore this meaning of ''Appearance'' is an ''Appearance'' only from the perspective of the observer who is newly seeing it. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'manifestation' in WordNet: 1. (6) manifestation - (a clear appearance; 'a manifestation of great emotion') 2. (3) manifestation - (a manifest indication of the existence or presence or nature of some person or thing; 'a manifestation of disease')`
Super-classes	ProvidingEvidence^c AppearingEvent^c ShowingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Obvious^c
Sub-classes	Epiphany^c

Manifesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manifesting`
Description	''Manifesting'' is a ''ConveyingInformation'' by means of some Event or Behavior rather than by directly informing in language. In effect, showing something to be true, whether or not the intention is to inform. `Includes verb senses 1 and 5 of 'reflect' in WordNet: 1. (41) reflect - (manifest or bring back; 'This action reflects his true beliefs') 5. reflect - (give evidence of a certain behavior; 'His lack of interest in the project reflects badly on him')`
Super-classes	ConveyingInformation^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Evidence^c

Manifesto^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manifesto`
Description	In Merriam-Webster a ''Manifesto'' is a written statement. If an oral statement intended to be public is recorded andpublished, that counts as ''Written''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manifesto' in WordNet: 1. manifesto, pronunciamento - (a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government))`
Super-classes	Declaration^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PubliclyKnown^c hasTopic^op value Intention^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Written^c

Manifold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manifold`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manifold' in WordNet: 1. (11) manifold - (a pipe that has several lateral outlets to or from other pipes)`
Super-classes	Pipe^c
Restrictions	canBeUsedInAction^op value SprayingWaterDirectionally^c

Manipulative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manipulative

Description

      
        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'manipulative' in Wordnet:
            1. manipulative - (skillful in influencing or controlling others to your own advantage;
              'the early manipulative techniques of a three-year-old child')

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Mankind^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mankind

Description

''Mankind'' is the Group of all people living at any one time or at some specified interval of time. This includes people living anywhere, including outer space.

         See ''Womankind'' for the subgroup that are female.

        Instances may need a specification (by restriction) to some
          time period,

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mankind' in WordNet:
          1. world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind, man -
            (all of the living human inhabitants of the earth;
            'all the world loves a lover'; 'she always used 'humankind' because 'mankind'
            seemed to slight the women')

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c

Manly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manly`
Description	''Manly'' is an attribute of a person who exhibits qualities considered desirable in a man. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manly' in WordNet: 1. manly, manful, manlike - (possessing qualities befitting a man)`
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c
Sub-classes	Macho^c

Manned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manned

Description

'Manned'' is the attribute of a vehicle of a type that needs at least one Person on board to guide its motion.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'manned' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) manned - (having a crew; 'a manned earth satellite was considered a necessary research step')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Manner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manner`
Description	'Manner' is the AttributeType whose values are concepts corresponding to adverbs of manner; these are general, and can apply to Events or Actions that do not involve people. For a ''Manner'' that characterizes how people behave, use the subtype ''BehavioralManner''. . These values are AttributeValues that modify Events, usually Actions. Each subtype of 'Manner' can be represented by a word or phrase that serves as a LogicalFunction, taking some Event and returning a subtype of that Event, which includes all such Events that occurred in that particular manner. The actual values that serve as adverbial modifiers might be represented as instances of 'Manner' rather than subtypes, but because the OWL version of COSMO organizes qualitative attributes by the subtype (subclass) relations, the specific modifiers will be subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manner' and sense 1 of 'fashion' and sense 2 of 'style' in WordNet; however, note that 'personal manner' (sense 2) appears to be included in sense 1 (example: 'her dignified manner'), so this type will include sense 2 - habitual manner of behavior, and that sense will also be represented as the subtype 'MannerOfBehavior'. in WordNet: 1. (52) manner, mode, style, way, fashion - (how something is done or how it happens; 'her dignified manner'; 'his rapid manner of talking'; 'their nomadic mode of existence'; 'in the characteristic New York style'; 'a lonely way of life'; 'in an abrasive fashion') 2. (17) manner, personal manner - (a way of acting or behaving)
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	BehavioralManner^c Setup^c MannerOfUsage^c

MannerOfBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MannerOfBehavior`
Description	Each subtype of 'MannerOfBehavior' is a subtype of 'Behavior' that can be characterized by some AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'BehavioralManner'. NOTE that this type is an Action, and 'BehavioralManner' is an AttributeValue. These two concepts are closely connected, but represent distinct types. As of v 0.52, the way these two should be connected is not finalized. @ToDo - relate attribute and behavior type. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'manner' in RHW: 3. a person's outward bearing; way of speaking to and treating others: She has a charming manner. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'manner' in WordNet: 2. (17) manner, personal manner - (a way of acting or behaving)
Super-classes	Behavior^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value QualitativeAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	WarmBehavior^c Propriety^c UndesirableBehavior^c FairPlay^c Rightness^c LifeStyle^c

MannerOfSpeaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MannerOfSpeaking`
Description	''MannerOfSpeaking'' is a ''LinguisticManner'' that is in some way distinctive to certain characteristics of speaking, whether of the sound quality or emphasis or speed or other physical characteristics. For specifying the lilteral or implied content or attitude expressed, the type 'NonLteralManner'' or ''RhetoricalManner' and their subtypes would be more specific. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manner of speaking' in WordNet: 1. manner of speaking, speech, delivery - (your characteristic style or manner of expressing yourself orally; 'his manner of speaking was quite abrupt'; 'her speech was barren of southernisms'; 'I detected a slight accent in his speech')`
Super-classes	CompositeConcept^c LinguisticManner^c
Sub-classes	ToneOfVoice^c Intonation^c PronunciationManner^c Emphasis^c Inflection^c

MannerOfUsage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MannerOfUsage`
Description	A ''MannerOfUsage'' is a 'Manner' in which something is used. This broadly applies to many things that can be used. A prominent example is language: see subtype ''LinguisticManner''.
Super-classes	Manner^c
Sub-classes	LinguisticManner^c

Manor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manor

Description

A ''Manor'' is a ''LandedEstate'' that usually has a 'ManorHouse'' on it..

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'manor' in WordNet:
           2. manor - (the landed estate of a lord (including the house on it))

Super-classes LandedEstate^c

ManorHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManorHouse`
Description	A ''ManorHouse'' is a ''Mansion'' of a 'WealthyPerson'', usually one that is located on a large tract of land (especially a ''Manor'').. `CC: A piece of land owned by royalty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manor' in WordNet: 1. (1) manor, manor house - (the mansion of a lord or wealthy person)`
Super-classes	Mansion^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op some Manor^c isOwnedBy^op value WealthyPerson^c

Manservant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manservant`
Description	A male domestic servant. This type is not restricted as to the kinds of tasks the Manservant performs. One specialilzation of 'Manservant' is 'Butler'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manservant' in WordNet: 1. (1) manservant - - (a man servant)`
Super-classes	Man^c Servant^c
Sub-classes	Butler^c Valet^c

Mansion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mansion`
Description	A ResidentialBuilding that is large and grand. `CYC: A #$Mansion is a very large and expensive house. also RHW 'mains': mains n. (used with a sing. v.) Brit. Dial. the main or home farm of a manor, as where the ownerlives; manse. Corresponds to noun senses 2 of 'mansion' in WordNet: 2. mansion, mansion house, manse, hall, residence - (a large and imposing house)`
Super-classes	House^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stately^c
Sub-classes	ManorHouse^c Palace^c

Manslaughter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manslaughter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manslaughter' in WordNet: 1. manslaughter - (homicide without malice aforethought)`
Super-classes	VictimizingAnAgent^c Homicide^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Illegal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c

Manspreading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manspreading`
Description	Each ''Manspreading'' is a 'SittingEvent' in which a ''Man'' is sitting with the legs apart forming an angle rather than touching each other. So called because presumably it is something that men rather than women do.
Super-classes	SittingEvent^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Man^c

Mantel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mantel`
Description	CYC: The collection of all fireplace mantels. A mantel is a beam or shelf above the fireplace. It is usually built in, part of the room, not a moveable piece of furniture. `In this interpretation,it near the 'fireplace', but not part of it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mantel' in WordNet: 1. (2) mantel, mantelpiece, mantle, mantlepiece, chimneypiece - (shelf that projects from wall above fireplace; 'in England they call a mantel a chimneypiece')`
Super-classes	Shelf^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c HouseholdAttachment^c
Restrictions	isNormallyLocatedAt^op value Fireplace^c

Mantilla^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mantilla`
Description	CYC: A collection of instances of #$Scarf, made of either silk or lace, and part of the traditional dress in Spain, Mexico, and Italy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mantilla' in WordNet: 1. mantilla - (a woman's silk or lace scarf)`
Super-classes	Scarf^c WomensClothing^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SilkOrLace^c

Mantra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mantra`
Description	A ''Mantra'' is an ''Expression'' used often by a person or ''GroupOfPeople'' that is not used frequently by other individuals or groups. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mantra' in WordNet: 1. mantra - (a commonly repeated word or phrase; " she repeated 'So pleased with how its going' at intervals like a mantra ")`
Super-classes	Expression^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c or AgentType^c)

Manual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manual

Description

''Manual'' pertains to the hand(s) or work done with the hands (not just ''ManualLabor''). Senses 1 and 2 of WN 'manual' can be distinguished logically, but not easily in OWL.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'manual' in Wordnet:
            1. manual - (of or relating to the hands; 'manual dexterity')
            2. manual - (requiring human effort; 'a manual transmission')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ManualBook^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManualBook

Description

A ''ManualBook'' is a small ''Handbook'', often having a set of instructions about how to perform some actions, especially how to use or repair a Device.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manual' in WordNet:
           1. (2) manual - (a small handbook)

Super-classes Handbook^c

ManualLabor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManualLabor`
Description	''ManualLabor'' is a type of ''Labor'' that depends mostly on the the use of hands to produce value, as contrasted with 'office work'' that requires the use of the mind to process information or communicate with other people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manual labor' in WordNet: 1. (1) manual labor, manual labour - (labor done with the hands)`
Super-classes	PaidTask^c
Sub-classes	Logging^c

ManualLaborer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManualLaborer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manual laborer' in WordNet: 1. laborer, manual laborer, labourer, jack - (someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor)`
Super-classes	Workman^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ManualLabor^c
Sub-classes	Lumberjack^c Porter^c HiredHand^c DeckHand^c ItinerantLaorer^c OilRigger^c Miner^c

Manualism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manualism`
Description	''Manualism'' is a Belief that SignLanguage is the best method for the Deaf to communicate. `RHW 'manualism': the theory or practice of education for the deaf employing and promoting the use of sign language as the primary means of communication. Cf. oralism.`
Super-classes	Belief^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Communication^c hasTopic^op value SignLanguage^c

Manually^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manually

Description

''Manually'' is an adverb modifying Actions performed with the hands (rather than by machine or other parts of the body).

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'manually' in Wordnet:
           1. manually - (by hand; 'this car shifts manually')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

ManufacturedGoods^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManufacturedGoods`
Description	COSMO note: 'ManufacturedGoods' is an Article Of Commerce, any PhysicalObject manufactured with the intention of selling it. This differs from the parent 'ProductObject' only in that it must be the result of a 'manufacturing' Event - but that distinction is not formally represented yet. This differs from the CYC definition, in that this COSMO type includes objects created on any of scale, including one of a kind, the only criterion being that it is created with the intention of selling it. Things created for one's own pleasure and later put up for sale are also 'ManufacturedGoods', becoming such when the decision is made to sell!! This is therefore the most general type of sellable 'product' that is Physical rather than abstract. NOTE however, that something mande by an animal who does not understand the concept of 'sale' cannot be 'ManufacturedGoods' though it may be an ArtifactObject. @ToDo: when a logical criterion for scale can be established, a subtype can be created that indicates large-scale manufacture. Cyc: The collection of all #$Artifacts that are made or processed in large-scale industrial operations for distribution (normally sale) to agents outside the manufacturing organization. This includes manufactured stuff, e.g. Finlandia vodka; refined ore, e.g. iron; otherwise procesed natural material, e.g. cut diamonds, as well as manufactured objects. This collection excludes handicrafts; privately made stuff, e.g. moonshine; and other artifacts produced by one or a few people on a small scale. This corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'product' in Wordnet, but is interpreted as a singular item. NOTE that a batch containing multiple items can be represented as a Group, which then, as a Group, can be considered a 'ManufacturedGoods'. in WordNet: 1. (560) merchandise, ware, product - (commodities offered for sale; 'good business depends on having good merchandise'; 'that store offers a variety of products') WN noun 'article of commerce': 1. article of commerce - (an article that is offered for sale)
Super-classes	ProductObject^c
Sub-classes	Carburetor^c Cart^c TVTransmitter^c LightEmittingDiode^c Pager^c ComputerHardwareItem^c Trampoline^c WindSurfboard^c CarvingKnife^c PowerShaft^c ElectricSensor^c Odometer^c Transistor^c Microphone^c RugbyBall^c Diode^c Cam^c Furnace^c iPod^c Toaster^c Surfboard^c SkiLift^c ElectronicHearingAid^c LightBulbIncandescent^c HandleBar^c FishHook^c AddingMachine^c HayWagon^c PictureHook^c ElectronicDisplayDevice^c ElectricalReceptacle^c AirplanePart^c FoodProcessor^c Metronome^c Dashboard^c MusicalInstrument-Electronic^c SqueezeTube^c BilliardBall^c Gyroscope^c FootballBall-American^c RailroadRail^c Switchblade^c Cleaver^c AnimalFeeder^c BowlingBall^c Saucepan^c Headphones^c Amplifier^c AnsweringMachine^c CoolingDevice^c Busbar^c ToothpasteTube^c RatchetWheel^c GearWheel^c VideoCassetteRecorder^c ElectricalWire^c CellularTelephone^c Scalpel^c Tire^c BakingDish^c LiftingDevice^c Tachometer^c PingPongBall^c RotatingMechanism^c CarHood^c Hanger^c Clavier^c SkateBoard^c Forceps^c Tailgate^c PersonalProduct^c SurgicalKnife^c ObstetricalForceps^c Icebox^c ParingKnife^c MotorcycleEngine^c SatelliteReceiver^c SoccerBall^c KitchenStrainer^c Piano^c TelevisionCamera^c Refrigerator-Freezer^c CrochetingNeedleHook^c LightEmittingComponent^c SolarCell^c Harpsichord^c SatelliteTransmitter^c PrintingDevice^c IceWagon^c SolarPanel^c VehicleTransmisson^c VacuumCleaner^c TrunkOfCar^c WashingMachine^c TelevisionSet^c Fan^c BasketballBall^c ToothedWheel^c HandRail^c Unicycle^c Jukebox^c AutomaticVehicleController^c GolfBall^c Drygoods^c MilitaryEquipment^c AirplaneWing^c PocketKnife^c FluorescentLightBulb^c Capacitor^c TennisBall^c RecreationalObject^c Bumper^c Clock^c PoolTable^c BaseballEquipment^c RemoteControlDevice^c Resistor^c Stopwatch^c IntegratedCircuit^c Tongs^c WingOfaBuilding^c AutoPart^c Dinghy^c ConveyorBelt^c Fender^c Calculator^c SafetySeatBelt^c WaterPistol^c CurrentConverter^c MonorailRail^c DraperyHook^c ElectricalSwitch^c Tricycle^c VideoCamera^c SmokeAlarm^c CoiledWire^c Dishwasher^c HandCraft^c Pliers^c ElectricCircuit^c HuntingKnife^c PackagedProduct^c

ManufacturedGoodsType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManufacturedGoodsType`
Description	''ManufacturedGoodsType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for any kind of manufactured PhysicalObject. `CYC: The collection of all types of #$PartiallyTangible things that are usually/frequently commercially manufactured. This is context dependent.`
Super-classes	RoleType^c ArtifactObjectType^c
Members	Jukebox MediaPlayingDevice TouchSensitiveDisplay SkateBoard MusicalInstrument-Electronic BilliardBall PoolTable Colander Maser VideoCamera HandCraft ModularArtifact BakingDish CircuitBoard Capacitor Pager DiskDrive BarCodeScanner iPod WaterPistol KitchenStrainer SolarCell DietSoftDrink ComputerMonitor Amplifier CollapsibleArtifact FloppyDiskDrive Furnace Microprocessor ManufacturedHome Synthesizer ModularHome IntegratedCircuit FoodProcessor SafetySeatBelt Blender Dashboard DisplayScreen AnsweringMachine ComputerProcessor DietCoke ComputerBoard Carburetor SoccerBall Diskette TelevisionCamera VideoCassetteRecorder Trampoline Transistor CueBall Diode ImageScanner Champagne

ManufacturedHome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManufacturedHome`
Description	CYC: The collection of all homes that are largely or entirely built in a factory rather than at the home site. #$ManufacturedHomes include both #$ModularHomes and #$MobileHomes.
Super-classes	DetachedHouse^c
Sub-classes	ModularHome^c

Manufacturer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manufacturer`
Description	A Person or an Organization (usually commercial) that produces some type of ''PhysicalObject'' by some physical process, usually on a large scale for sale, `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'manufacturer' in WordNet: 1. (18) manufacturer, maker, manufacturing business - (a business engaged in manufacturing some product) 2. (4) manufacturer, producer - (someone who manufactures something)`
Super-classes	Maker^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Manufacturing^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Manufacturing^c manufactures^op only (ArtifactObject^c or ArtifactObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Sub-classes	Brewer^c Confectionery^c AutomobileManufacturer^c

Manufacturing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manufacturing`
Description	The act of MakingaPhysicalObject which is intended to be sold; a 'PhysicalObject'in this case can be some quantity of a substance, so substances can also be 'manufactured;. COSMO note: there are certain Actions in which a person makes something (painting, other crafts) which are not properly called 'manufacturing'. The borderline for inclusions or exclusion is not yet determined. Manufacturing usually occurs in a Factory, but it can occur on a small scale in a home. Perhaps the distinction is that the product is a Device (or substance) and not an ArtObject? Cyc: A collection of events. In each #$Manufacturing event, raw materials or component parts are combined to produce a product (whether by a #$ManufacturingOrganization or by an individual). In a typical #$Manufacturing process, the motivation of the manufacturer is that the value of the #$outputs should exceed the value of the #$inputs. #$Manufacturing does not include related or supportive processes such as transporting the raw materials to the manufacturing site, scheduling done ahead of time, etc. - the concept #$ProductionEvent covers that bigger picture. A notable specialization of this collection is #$MassManufacturing. COSMO note: the partly redundant restrictions 'isTypicallyPerformedAt' and 'typicallyOccursInside' point to 'Factory' but the relations themselves are not hierarchically related, since 'occurs' can be for non-action events, and 'isPerformedAt' requires an Action, and is not necessarily an indoor activity. Includes verb sense 1 of 'manufacture' and sense 2 of noun 'manufacture' and sense 1 of 'production' and verb sense 2 of 'produce' and verb senses 6 and 15 of 'make' in WordNet: 1. (3) manufacture, fabricate, construct - (put together out of components or parts; 'the company fabricates plastic chairs'; 'They manufacture small toys') WN noun 'manufacture' 2. fabrication, manufacture - (the act of making something (a product) from raw materials; 'the synthesis and fabrication of single crystals'; 'an improvement in the manufacture of explosives'; 'manufacturing is vital to Great Britain') WN 'production' 1. (229) production - ((economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; 'he introduced more efficient methods of production') WN 'make' 6. (53) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; 'We produce more cars than we can sell'; 'The company has been making toys for two centuries') 15. (9) make - (make by shaping or bringing together constituents; 'make a dress'; 'make a cake'; 'make a wall of stones')
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInside^op some Factory^c produced^op some (ManufacturedGoods^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value Factory^c
Sub-classes	Fabrication^c NeedleCraft^c HandCrafting^c Quilting^c MassProduction^c AutomobileFabrication^c MakingJewelry^c Weaving^c Crocheting^c FormingAnArtifact^c KnittingByHand^c

ManufacturingFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManufacturingFacility`
Description	Each 'ManufacturingFacility' is a PhysicalObject whose main design purpose is to manufacture objects (including the processing of substances, such as at a refinery or a ''Brewery'' or of FoodObjects such as at a ''Bakery'). This type includes not only single buildings as represented by 'Factory', but complexes, mobile facilities, and facilities that may not even have a building, such as at a mining operation. 'Manufacturing' in this sense includes assembly of parts made elsewhere and refining. NOTE that the restriction requires that any instance of Factory specify the kind of thing it produces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'factory' and includes noun sense 1 of 'plant' and sense 1 of 'facility' in WordNet: WN 'factory': 1. (18) factory, mill, manufacturing plant, manufactory - (a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing) WN 'plant' 1. (338) plant, works, industrial plant - (buildings for carrying on industrial labor; 'they built a large plant to manufacture automobiles') WN 'facility': 1. (35) facility, installation - (a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry; 'the assembly plant is an enormous facility')
Super-classes	CommercialFacility^c UsefulSource^c Workplace^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or DeviceType^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or Manufacturing^c or RefiningOre^c or Mining^c or ActionType^c) isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or DeviceType^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or Manufacturing^c or RefiningOre^c or Mining^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Shipyard^c Pizzeria^c Perfumery^c Factory^c Bakery^c Brewery^c Distillery^c Refinery^c

ManufacturingMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManufacturingMachine`
Description	A ''ManufacturingMachine'' is a ''MechanicalDevice'' that is designed to produce some solid artifact.
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (SubstanceType^c or ArtifactObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	TextileMachine^c

Manure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manure

Description

Animal 'Feces' used as fertilizer.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manure' in WordNet:
          1. (4) manure - (any animal or plant material used to fertilize 
           land especially animal excreta usually with litter material)

Super-classes Feces^c
SubstanceRole^c
Fertilizer^c

Manuscript^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manuscript`
Description	A ''Manuscript'' is a handwritten ''OriginalScript'' for some ''ConceptualWork''. The CYC 'Maniscript' gloss does not specify 'handwritten' - it may refer to the parent type ''OriginalScript''. `CYC: An unpublished piece of text that could serve as the basis for a published piece of text Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'manuscript' in WordNet: 2. manuscript, holograph - (handwritten book or document)`
Super-classes	OriginalScript^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Handwritten^c
Sub-classes	Scroll^c Codex^c

Map^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Map`
Description	The abstract image that represents features or objects in a region of some space - real or imaginary. Cyc: A specialization of #$VisualArtifact-CW. Each instance of #$Map is a visual conceptual work that represents a region of physical space. Instances of #$Map represent features such as the following: geographical areas (#$GeographicalRegion), topographical features (#$TopographicalFeature), political regions (#$GeopoliticalEntity), climate zones (#$ClimateCycleType), human artifacts (#$ConstructionArtifact), population densities (#$populationDensity). Maps are generally intended to help an agent to orient itself in space or to understand some aspect(s) of a large spatial area. Instances of #$Map are physically instantiated in map copies (see the collection #$MapCopy), which may be on paper, in computerized geographical information systems, or in other forms. SUMO: An Icon which represents one or more GeographicAreas (or even the entire Earth). WordNet noun sense 1 of 'map' seems to include both abstract and physical senses: in WordNet: 1. (7) map - (a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it))
Super-classes	Icon^c VisualArtifact-CW^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only PhysicalMap^c
Sub-classes	GeographicMap^c

Maple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maple`
Description	The substance Maple,a type of Wood, not a tree. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maple' in Wordnet: 1. (2) maple - (wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used especially for furniture and flooring)`
Super-classes	Wood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value MapleTree^c

MapleSap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MapleSap`
Description	''Sap'' is a ''LiquidSubstance'' produced by plants that moves through the vascular conduits of a ''Plant''
Super-classes	Sap^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value MapleTree^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value MapleTree^c

MapleSyrup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MapleSyrup`
Description	''MapleSyrup'' is a ''Syrup'' that is a concentrate of ''MapleSap'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maple syrup' in WordNet: 1. maple syrup - (made by concentrating sap from sugar maples)`
Super-classes	Syrup^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ConcentratingMapleSap^c isDerivedFrom^op value MapleSap^c

MapleTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MapleTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'maple' in Wordnet: 2. (1) maple - (any of numerous trees or shrubs of the genus Acer bearing winged seeds in pairs; north temperate zone)`
Super-classes	DeciduousTree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Maple^c
Sub-classes	BoxElder^c

Marathon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marathon`
Description	A ''Marathon'' is a ''Footrace'' that proceeds over a course 26 miles and 385 yards in length. `CYC: A specialization of #$RunningSportsEvent and #$IndividualSportsCompetition. Each instance of #$Marathon is a cross-country footrace of 26 miles, 385 yards (41.3 kilometers). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marathon' in WordNet: 2. marathon - (a footrace of 26 miles 385 yards)`
Super-classes	Footrace^c IndividualSportsCompetition^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Running^c

MarathonCourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarathonCourse`
Description	A ''MarathonCourse'' is a ''RaceCourse'' that is 26 miles and 385 yards in length, too long to be contained within one stadium or facility, and is often specified ad hoc over some path within a city or other location for a given''Marathon'' race.
Super-classes	RaceCourse^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Marathon^c

Marble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marble`
Description	A small sphere of glass used in games, usually colored or variegated. `NOTE: the stony substance 'marble' is represented as 'Marble-Stone' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marble' in WordNet: 2. (2) marble - (a small ball of glass that is used in various games)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c SphericalObject^c SmallObject^c GamePiece^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Glass^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.6^c

Marble-Stone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marble-Stone`
Description	COSMO: marble as a Substance, not an Object (as in Cyc). `NOTE: the term 'Marble' is used for the small glass spheres used as toys. Cyc: All pieces of marble, which is a form of limestone that has been crystallized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marble' in WordNet: 1. (8) marble - (a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material)`
Super-classes	Limestone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c

MarbleSizedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarbleSizedObject`
Description	A ''MarbleSizedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is not much longer than wide or thick, though not necessarily round, and whose maximum diameter is within 3 times the length of a typical playing ''Marble'' (about 1.6 centimeters), i.e. a ''MarbleSizedObject'' is less than 5 cm in maximum length, and more than 0.2 cm in its largest dimension. `This type is not being used to describe small animals, but that is not precluded at this point (v0.50). For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject FingerSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.`
Super-classes	FingerSizedObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 5.0^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.6^c
Sub-classes	EarPlug^c ContactLens^c Tack^c Pecan^c DeviceDial^c JellyBean^c Pebble^c Pill^c EarPiece^c Prickle^c SpotOfFreshPaint^c NailHead^c StyrofoamPeanut^c Peanut^c AlmondKernel^c BrokenStoneObject^c PaperClip^c AttachedClip^c Berry^c Walnut^c ShreddedWheatBiscuit^c Almond^c SugarCube^c WalnutKernel^c Die-GamePiece^c DaddyLongLegs^c ElectronicHearingAid^c TabKey^c ControlButton^c HardCandyObject^c Swab^c DeviceKey^c Thorn^c GameToken^c Cufflink^c

March^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#March

Description

The Class of all Months which are March.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'March' in Wordnet:
     1. (16) March, Mar - (the month following February and preceding April)

Super-classes Month^c

Marching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marching`
Description	'Marching' is a type of 'Walking'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 and verb sense 1 of 'march' and noun sense 1 of 'marching' in WordNet: WN verb: 1. (24) march, process - (march in a procession; 'They processed into the dining room') WN noun 'march' : 2. (13) march, marching - (the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind); 'it was a long march'; 'we heard the sound of marching')`
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c
Sub-classes	GooseStepping^c

Marchioness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marchioness

Description

CYC: The collection of all marchionesses, or female persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Marquess.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marchioness' in WordNet:
          1. marchioness - (the wife or widow of a marquis)
          2. marchioness, marquise - (a noblewoman ranking below a duchess and above a countess)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c

Mare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mare`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mare' in WordNet: 1. (2) mare, female horse - (female equine animal)`
Super-classes	Horse^c FemaleAnimal^c

Margarine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Margarine`
Description	''Margarine'' is a less expensive substtute for ''Butter''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'margarine' in WordNet: 1. margarine, margarin, oleo, oleomargarine, marge - (a spread made chiefly from vegetable oils and used as a substitute for butter)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c SemiSolidSubstance^c Paste^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Semirigid^c

Margarita^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Margarita`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'margarita' in WordNet: 1. margarita - (a cocktail made of tequila and triple sec with lime and lemon juice)`
Super-classes	CocktailDrink^c

Margin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Margin`
Description	A 'Margin' is a Region that borders some side(s) of another Region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'margin' in WordNet: 1. (6) margin, border, perimeter - (the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary)
Super-classes	Region^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some RegionPair^c
Sub-classes	BoundaryPlane^c PageMargin^c BoundaryLine^c

Marginal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marginal

Description

''Marginal'' pertains to a ''Margin'' (an edge or border on some two-dimensional object).

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'marginal' in Wordnet:
       1. (4) fringy, marginal - (at or constituting a border or edge; 
          'the marginal strip of beach')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Marginalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marginalizing`
Description	This ''Marginalizing'' is a ''SocialInteraction'' in which some Person(s) acts or speaks so as to denigrate the significance or value of other Person(s). NOTE: a boader sense might include considering a fact to be of little significance for some purpose. That is left for future versions. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'marginalize' in WordNet: 1. marginalize, marginalise - (relegate to a lower or outer edge, as of specific groups of people; 'We must not marginalize the poor in our society') WN noun 'marginalization': 1. marginalization, marginalisation - (the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society); 'the marginalization of the underclass'; 'the marginalization of literature')
Super-classes	Offending^c SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Borderline^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Marginally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marginally

Description

''Marginally'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that can modify an attribute.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'marginally' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) marginally - (in a marginal manner; 'marginally interesting')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
AdverbialModifier^c

Marijuana^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marijuana`
Description	CYC: The collection of all harvested (and possibly dried and shredded) psychoactive leaves and flowers of instances of #$HempPlant (often with seeds and stems included). #$Marijuana is a recreational #$IllegalDrug in the #$NaiveUSLawCOC microtheory, and is also used to relieve intraocular pressure in glaucoma, to relieve nausea in chemotherapy patients, to enhance appetite, and for other medical purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marijuana' in WordNet: 2. cannabis, marijuana, marihuana, ganja - (the most commonly used illicit drug; considered a soft drug, it consists of the dried leaves of the hemp plant; smoked or chewed for euphoric effect)`
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c DrugProduct^c PsychoactiveAgent^c IllegalDrug^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value MarijuanaPlant^c

MarijuanaPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarijuanaPlant

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marijuana' in WordNet:
         1. marijuana, marihuana, ganja, Cannabis sativa - 
            (a strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number 
            of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared)

Super-classes HempPlant^c
TerrestrialOrganism^c

Marina^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marina

Description

The facilities in a region of a harbor which is near shore and is where boats are docked.

        a boat basin offering dockage and other service for small craft.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marina' in Wordnet:
          1. marina - (a fancy dock for small yachts and cabin cruisers)

Super-classes DockingFacility^c

Marinade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marinade`
Description	This is the collection of all instances of marinades. A marinade is a mixture in which food soaks for a period of time prior to cooking. Marinades are mostly applied to meat or fish. The purpose of a marinade is to impart flavor to the items marinated and sometimes to change their texture. Brining can be considered marination, so the solution of salt, water, and sugar is a particularly simple marinade. Most marinades contain more flavoring ingredients. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marinade' in WordNet: 1. marinade - (mixtures of vinegar or wine and oil with various spices and seasonings; used for soaking foods before cooking)`
Super-classes	LiquidMixture^c Condiment^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Marinating^c

Marinating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marinating`
Description	''Marinating'' is a ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'' where the liquid is a 'marinade' and the purpose is to add flavor to the food. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'marinate' in WordNet: 1. (2) marinade, marinate - (soak in marinade; 'marinade herring')`
Super-classes	SeasoningFood^c ImprovementEvent^c Steeping^c
Restrictions	improves^op value Taste^c hadChangedEntity^op some FoodObject^c usesResource^op value Marinade^c

Marine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marine

Description

''Marine''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to an ''Ocean'' or ''Sea''s connected to the oceans.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'marine' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) marine - (of or relating to the sea; 'marine explorations')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MarineCorps^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarineCorps

Description

This is for the US Marine Corps.

      CYC A subcollection of #$BranchOfMilitaryService.
        Each instance of #$MarineCorps is a military branch, modern
        or historical, composed mainly of soldiers (i.e. combat
        personnel) who serve on ships or in conjunction with naval
        forces, and whose purpose is to defend or attack coastal areas.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'United States Marines' in WordNet:
          1. (5) United States Marine Corps, United States Marines, Marine Corps,
             US Marine Corps, USMC, Marines - 
                 (an amphibious division of the United States Navy)

Super-classes MilitaryCorps^c
BranchOfMilitaryService^c

MarineOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarineOrganism`
Description	Organisms which spend most or all of their time immersed in salt water.
Super-classes	AquaticOrganism^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value SeaWater^c
Sub-classes	SnapperFish^c Cephalopod^c Sponge^c SeaHorse^c Seaweed^c Barracuda^c SeaMammal^c SeaTurtle^c TunaFish^c Echinodermata^c Elasmobranch^c Shark^c

Marionette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marionette`
Description	Wikipedia: A marionette is a puppet controlled from above using wires or strings depending on regional variations. A marionette's puppeteer is called a marionettist. Marionettes are operated with the puppeteer hidden or revealed to an audience by using a vertical or horizontal control bar in different forms of theatres or entertainment venues. They have also been used in films and on television. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'marionette' (but this includes mimicing ''NonHumanAnimal''s or even mythical creatures) in WordNet: 1. puppet, marionette - (a small figure of a person operated from above with strings by a puppeteer)
Super-classes	Puppet^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op value PieceOfString^c isSupportedBy^op value PieceOfString^c functionsTogetherWith^op value ControlBar^c isFlexiblySuspendedFrom^op value ControlBar^c functionsTogetherWith^op value PieceOfString^c isControlledBy^op value Marionettist^c

Marionettist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marionettist`
Description	A ''Marionettist'' is a ''Puppeteer'' who controls a ''Marionette'' by manipulating a ''ControlBar'' that has a Marionette attached to it by strings.
Super-classes	Puppeteer^c
Restrictions	controlsManually^op value Marionette^c

Marital^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marital

Description

''Marital'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to objects salient at a ''Wedding'' or Events occurring during a ''Marriage''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'marital' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) marital, matrimonial, married - (of or relating to the state of marriage;
             'marital status'; 'marital fidelity'; 'married bliss')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MaritalInfidelity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaritalInfidelity`
Description	''MaritalInfidelity'' is the ''Quality'' of a Person who has sexual relations with someone other than his/her spouse. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish marital infidelity from other types. The more general sense is represented in COSMO as ''Infidelity'', but the associated WN synsets are the same. The distinction in RHW is defined as RHW noun 'infidelity'; this is for sense 1: 1. marital disloyalty; adultery. 2. unfaithfulness; disloyalty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infidelity' in WordNet: 1. (2) infidelity, unfaithfulness - (the quality of being unfaithful)`
Super-classes	Infidelity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unfaithful^c hasSubEvent^op value Adultery^c

Maritime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maritime

Description

''Maritime'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the Ocean and to things that happen on the surface of a BodyOfWater.

      THe attribute specifically referring to the Ocean is represented as ''Marine''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'maritime' in Wordnet:
         1. nautical, maritime, marine - (relating to or involving ships or shipping 
            or navigation or seamen; 'nautical charts'; 'maritime law'; 'marine insurance')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Marjoram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marjoram`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marjoram' in WordNet: 1. oregano, marjoram, pot marjoram, wild marjoram, winter sweet, Origanum vulgare - (aromatic Eurasian perennial)`
Super-classes	Origanum^c

Mark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mark`
Description	A 'Mark' is any visible PhysicalFeature that is located on the surface of some PhysicalObject. This is very broad in meaning, and can include color differences on a surface, texture differences, the absence of something (as a bald spot on a hairy surface), or any other surface feature that presents a visible contrast to the background appearance of the surface. It can also be ephemeral, as features on a computer screen made up of light dots. It is not necessarily an Artifact (e.g. sptson a ''Leopard''.. `This broad sense is not specifically represented by any synset in WordNet, but includes noun senses 4, 6, 13, 1nd 14 of 'mark' in WordNet: 4. (3) mark, print - (a visible indication made on a surface; 'some previous reader had covered the pages with dozens of marks'; 'paw prints were everywhere') 13. scratch, scrape, scar, mark - (an indication of damage) 14. crisscross, cross, mark - (a marking that consists of lines that cross each other)`
Super-classes	PhysicalFeature^c Sign^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c)
Sub-classes	ScratchOnAnObject^c Postmark^c SportsFieldLine^c Spot^c DottedLine^c Scrape^c Blemish^c TraceMark^c Stigma^c Footprint^c Scuff^c Brand^c LineOnaSurface^c IdentificationMark^c TextMarking^c Stripe^c Streak^c AuthenticationMark^c BodyMarking^c

Marked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marked`
Description	''Marked'' is a AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects whose surface has been modified to contain a visible ''Mark''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'marked' in Wordnet: 3. (1) marked - (having or as if having an identifying mark or a mark as specified; often used in combination; 'played with marked cards'; 'a scar-marked face'; 'well-marked roads')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Accented^c

Markedly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Markedly

Description

''Markedly'' is an adverb that modifies an adjective (AttributeValue) to assert that the modified adjective is a very noticeable degree of that adjective.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'markedly' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) markedly - (in a clearly noticeable manner; 'sales of luxury cars dropped markedly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Marker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marker`
Description	A ''Marker'' is any solid object placed where it will be visible to those nearby, to serve as a sign that something is in that location, or to direct someone to a location. A ''Marker'' may act in some way as part of its function, suchas giving out light or sound. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marker' in WordNet: 1. (1) marker - (some conspicuous object used to distinguish or mark something; 'the buoys were markers for the channel')`
Super-classes	SignObject^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conspicuous^c isaSignOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Cairn^c MemorialMarker^c LocationMarker^c

MarketEconomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarketEconomy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'market economy' in WordNet: 1. market economy, free enterprise, private enterprise, laissez-faire economy - (an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices)`
Super-classes	NationalEconomy^c
Sub-classes	Capitalism^c

MarketMaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarketMaker`
Description	Each instance of 'MarketMaker' is some Organization that has instituted procedures and methods for buying and selling of things in any medium. This can be a traditional stock exchange, such as the 'New York Stock Exchange' or an online marketplace such as Amazon.com pr ebay.com, or smaller market makers having more limited domains of activity. `Includes but is not limited to noun sense 2 of 'market' in in WordNet: 2. (135) market, securities industry - (the securities markets in the aggregate; 'the market always frustrates the small investor')`
Super-classes	FinancialOrganization^c Business^c CommercialServiceOrganization^c
Sub-classes	SecuritiesExchange^c

MarketMonopoly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarketMonopoly`
Description	''MarketMonopoly'' is the state of ''MonopolizingSomething''where the 'something' is the supply of some product sold on a market, such as silver, corn, wheat, or crude oil. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monopoly' in WordNet: 1. (5) monopoly - ((economics) a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller; 'a monopoly on silver'; 'when you have a monopoly you can ask any price you like')`
Super-classes	MonopolizingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value ControllingAuthority^c

MarketPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarketPlace`
Description	A Place (object or Region) where things are bought and sold. This can include indoor locations such as retail stores. Outdoor markets would be a subtype. This is a physical location; for a 'marketplace' that may be online, use 'VirtualMarket' which is an aggregate of buying and selling Actions that occur through some common mechanism, which could also be located in a physical location (as the New York Stock exchange was at one time). This is not just the outdoor market - that would be a subtype. Cyc: (;Marketplace-Object;) A specialization of #$ShoppingCenter-Object. Instance of this collection are places, typically outside, where vendors sell goods to the public. NOTE: CYC parent 'ShoppingCenter-Object' is not in the OpenCYC ontology used. The MarketPlace should be is known to and used by buyers and sellers for buying and selling, whether there is one or many merchants, and whether it is fully open to the general public, or only (as in the stock exchange) only to members of the market. This includes single-merchant markets (stores) and -agent markets, whether indoor or outdoor. A 'flea market' is a subtype, as are yard sales and house sales (which are 'Market's only for the time they are used, perhaps as few as several hours. This is for physical locations only: for virtual or online markets use 'VirtualMarket' Includes and Corresponds most closely to noun sense 4 of 'market' in WordNet, but the WN sense does not seems to include multi-seller markets and non-grocery markets, which are included in the more general sense for this type: WN noun 'marketplace': in WordNet: 2. (2) marketplace, mart - (an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up)
Super-classes	GroundsOfOrganization^c PlaceOfBusiness^c Role^c Place^c
Sub-classes	ShoppingMall^c

MarketingActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarketingActivity`
Description	A specialization of #$CommercialActivity and #$BusinessEvent. Instances of this collection include events such as market research, #$Advertising, product design and pricing and of course, sales (cf. #$SalesActivity). See 'VirtualMarket' for the Group of all buying/selling transactions (which will have many specializations). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marketing' and verb sense 1 of 'market' in WordNet: 2. marketing - - (the commercial processes involved in promoting and selling and distributing a product or service; 'most companies have a manager in charge of marketing') WN verb 'market': 1. (3) market - (engage in the commercial promotion, sale, or distribution of; 'The company is marketing its new line of beauty products')
Super-classes	CommercialActivity^c AttemptingActivity^c BusinessEvent^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op value Selling^c
Sub-classes	AdvertisingaProduct^c SolicitingBusiness^c PricingaProduct^c

MarkingForIdentification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarkingForIdentification`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. #$MarkingForIdentification is a specialization of #$MarkingOnASurface instances of which involve an agent making or placing a mark (or marks) on a surface of some partially tangible object in order to make it easier to recognize or identify the object in the future. Such markings might enable one to identify the object as a particular individual (as in the case of stamping an automobile engine block with a VIN) or might only enable it to be recognized as belonging to a certain group or class (as in branding cattle)
Super-classes	Labelling^c MarkingOnASurface^c
Restrictions	produces^op some PhysicalLabel^c
Sub-classes	BrandingAnAnimal^c

MarkingOnASurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarkingOnASurface`
Description	A specialization of both #$MaterialHandling and #$IBOCreation. Each instance of #$MarkingOnASurface is an event in which visible markings are placed on a surface by an agent (see the collection #$Agent). The marking may be done by adding material to a surface (as in instances of #$Painting-Activity) or removing material from a surface (as in instances of #$EngravingEvent). `When the mark is created by applying something to a surace, it is an instance of 'ApplyingSomethingToSurface'. (see e.g. 'Printing'). The closest WordNet verb sense of 'mark' is 5, but it is unclear whether Wordnet restricts this to a surface: in WordNet: 5. (5) mark - (make or leave a mark on; 'the scouts marked the trail'; 'ash marked the believers' foreheads')`
Super-classes	IBOCreation^c MaterialHandling^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Marked^c hadThingAffected^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c produced^op value Mark^c
Sub-classes	ApplyingNailPolish^c ApplyingMakeup^c Drawing-Depicting^c ApplyingLipstick^c WritingWithIdeograms^c ScratchingSomething^c Stamping^c CancellingSomething^c WritingByTypewriter^c ApplyingPaint^c SurgicalIncision^c CancellingaPostageStamp^c MarkingForIdentification^c Imprinting^c WritingByHand^c DottingaLetter^c Writing^c

Marksman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marksman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marksman' in WordNet: 1. (8) marksman, sharpshooter, crack shot - (someone skilled in shooting)`
Super-classes	Shooter^c Expert^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ShootingaFirearm^c

MarkupLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarkupLanguage`
Description	HypertextMarkupLanguage `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'markup language' in WordNet: 1. markup language - (a set of symbols and rules for their use when doing a markup of a document)`
Super-classes	ComputerLanguage^c
Sub-classes	HTML^c

Marlin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marlin

Description

        RHW: any large, saltwater game fish of the genera Makaira and Tetrapterus,
           having the upper jaw elongated into a spearlike structure.
    WordNet 'marlin':
    in WordNet:
      1. marlin - (large long-jawed 
         oceanic sport fishes; related to sailfishes and spearfishes; 
         not completely cold-blooded i.e. able to warm their brains and eyes)

Super-classes EdibleFish^c
BonyFish^c

Marmalade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marmalade`
Description	This is a substance that is a form of ''Preserve'' prepared from citrus fruit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marmalade' in WordNet: 1. (1) marmalade - (a preserve made of the pulp and rind of citrus fruits)`
Super-classes	DessertSubstance^c SweetFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value FruitRind^c hasComponentSubstance^op value FruitPulp^c isDerivedFrom^op value CitrusFruit^c hasComponentSubstance^op value CrushedFruit^c

MaroonColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaroonColor

Description

'Maroon'' can be any of varying proportions of red. blue, and brown, with mostly red and blue but at least a little of each.

     NOTE: This is an attribute value.  The WN color per se and the attribute are mixed in this type.
       Should unmix if and when necessary.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'maroon' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) maroon, brownish-red - (of dark brownish to purplish red)
      WN noun sense 2 of 'maroon':
          2. maroon - (a dark purplish-red to dark brownish-red color)

Super-classes Brownish^c
Bluish^c
Reddish^c
DarkRed-Color^c

Marooned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marooned

Description

''Marooned' is a form of ''Isolated'' for People who are left in some location remote from home where it is difficult or impossible to return to that Person's home location. This is prototypically on some remote unpopulate island, but could be in any wilderness where it is impractical to walk out and no transportation method is available. Typically there is no means of communication with the outside world. For the more general senses use parent ''Isolated''.

   Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'marooned' in Wordnet:
      1. isolated, marooned, stranded - (cut off or left behind; 
         'an isolated pawn'; 'several stranded fish in a tide pool'; 'travelers marooned by the blizzard')

Super-classes Isolated^c

Marquee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marquee`
Description	A ''Marquee'' may have a sign on it, especially one in front of a theater, which typically names the main attraction. `This includes senses 1 and 2 of 'marquee' in RHW: 1. a tall rooflike projection above a theater entrance, usually containing the name of a currently featured play or film and its stars. 2. a rooflike shelter, as of glass, projecting above an outer door and over a sidewalk or a terrace. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marquee' in WordNet: 2. marquee, marquise - (permanent canopy over an entrance of a hotel etc.)`
Super-classes	Canopy^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value ExteriorDoor^c mayHavePart^op value NoticeSign^c

Marquess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marquess

Description

CYC: The collection of all marquesses, or male persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch, in the systems of nobility of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. This distinct from the French #$Marquis. See also #$Marchioness.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marquess' in WordNet:
          2. marquess - (a British peer ranking below a duke and above an earl)

Super-classes MalePerson^c

Marquis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marquis

Description

CYC: The collection of all marquis, or male persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch, in the systems of nobility of #$France, #$Luxembourg or #$Belgium. This is distinct from the British #$Marquess.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marquis' in WordNet:
          2. marquis, marquess - (nobleman (in various countries) ranking above a count)

Super-classes MalePerson^c

Marriage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marriage`
Description	'Marriage' is the PersistentState of living while having a legally recognized relationship with some spouse. This concept includes both heterosexual and homosexual marriage, only requiring that the union be recognized by some Authority. common-law Marriage is not included, unless it is in a state that is in fact recognized or would be recognized by an authority. This is a subtype of 'Living' and is therefore also an 'Experience'. NOTE-FOL that the participants in this relation are related by the 'hasSpouse' relation (see 'isPerformedBy' relation, below). NOTE that this state can be experienced by fictional characters, and it is therefore not necessarily a subtype of 'RealExistence'. The restriction 'hasIntendedResultOrProduct' (a restriction inherited from PurposefulAction) has the minimal value 'Companionship' for all marriages. There may be other purposes such as raising a family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marriage' and sense 1 of 'matrimony' and sense 1 of 'wedlock' in WordNet: 1. (26) marriage, matrimony, union, spousal relationship, wedlock - (the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce); 'a long and happy marriage'; 'God bless this union')
Super-classes	DoingThingsTogether^c SocialState^c Living^c StateOfUnion^c PersonalCircumstances^c AccompanyingaPerson^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Companionship^c isPerformedBy^op value Spouse^c isInitiatedBy^op value Marrying^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Companionship^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarriageOfPatAndDianeCassidy

Married^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Married`
Description	'Married' is an attribute of people who are currently married, and also applies as an adjective to the couple who are married. This includes same-sex unions that are recognized as 'marriage' by law. `CYC: The attribute of being married (having a spouse). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'married' and sense 1 of 'united' in WordNet: 1. (17) married - - (joined in matrimony; 'a married man'; 'a married couple') WN adjective 'united': 3. joined, united - (of or relating to two people who are married to each other)`
Super-classes	United^c
Sub-classes	Separated-Status^c

MarriedCouple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarriedCouple`
Description	A ''NotMarriedCouple'' is two people who are married to each other. The two ''Spouse'e are spouses of each other. This would require FOL to specify properly. `This is subtype of ''Family-Human'' consisting only of two people married to each other, whether or not they also have children.- Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'married couple' in WordNet: 1. (2) marriage, married couple, man and wife - (two people who are married to each other; 'his second marriage was happier than the first'; 'a married couple without love')`
Super-classes	CoupleOfPeople^c Family-Human^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Spouse^c

Marrying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marrying`
Description	'Marrying' is the Action of one person taking another person as a spouse. The mutual acts of Marrying are part of a 'WeddingCeremony'. 'Marrying' represents the transitive verb 'to marry (someone)'. The object of the verb is the person being taken in marriage. This is not the act of a person officiating at the ceremony (that is sense 2 of 'marry' in WN). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'marry' and sense 1 of 'wed' in WordNet: WN 'marry' 1. (44) marry, get married, wed, conjoin, hook up with, get hitched with, espouse - (take in marriage)`
Super-classes	MakingAnAgreement^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value WeddingCeremony^c initiatesState^op value Marriage^c
Sub-classes	Remarrying^c

Marsh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marsh`
Description	Some part of a ''Marsh'' consist of grass plants - the restriction pointing to ''GrassFamily'' sounds odd - perhaps a different class or relation is needed? Can't use 'allValuesFrom' because things other than grass are present. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marsh' in WordNet: 1. (1) marsh, marshland, fen, fenland - (low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water; 'thousands of acres of marshland'; 'the fens of eastern England')`
Super-classes	ShallowBodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value GrassFamily^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shallow^c

MarshPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarshPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marsh plant' in WordNet: 1. marsh plant, bog plant, swamp plant - (a semiaquatic plant that grows in soft wet land; most are monocots: sedge, sphagnum, grasses, cattails, etc; possibly heath)`
Super-classes	AquaticPlant^c
Sub-classes	Cattail^c

MarshallingResources^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarshallingResources`
Description	THe 'resoures' brought together in a ''MarshallingResources'' Action can be of many kinds: objects, people, or one's own internal 'energy' ; 'marshal your courage'. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'marshal' in WordNet: 3. (1) mobilize, mobilise, marshal, summon - (make ready for action or use; 'marshal resources') WN noun 'mobilization': 2. mobilization, mobilisation - (act of marshaling and organizing and making ready for use or action; "mobilization of the country's economic resources")`
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c ComingTogether^c Collecting^c
Sub-classes	MobilizingTroops^c

Marshmallow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marshmallow`
Description	A ''Marshmallow'' is a ''Confection'' consisting of a roughly cubic or short cylindrical piece of ''MarshmallowStuff'' a few centimeters in each direction, covered with powdered sugar, eaten as a ''FingerFood''. `Note: WN does not distinguish between substances and objects made of substances; 'marshmallow' in WN descends from a 'substance' hierarchy but the glosses could be interpreted as objects. The WN synset entry is reference in COSMO for both senses. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'marshmallow' in WordNet: 1. marshmallow - (spongy confection made of gelatin and sugar and corn syrup and dusted with powdered sugar)`
Super-classes	SpongyObject^c Confection^c FingerFood^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value MarshmallowStuff^c

MarshmallowStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarshmallowStuff`
Description	This is the substance of which 'marshmallow's are made. the CYC gloss is for an Object, but CYC treats substances as objects, so the gloss is applicable to the substance or an object made of it. CYC: An instance of #$DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType. Each instance of #$Marshmallow is a light, #$Spongy, very sweet confection made of #$CornSyrup, #$Gelatin, #$Sugar-Generic, and #$Starch, and dusted with (#$PowderedFn #$Sugar-Generic). Note: WN does not distinguish between substances and objects made of substances; 'marshmallow' in WN descends from a 'substance' hierarchy but the glosses could be interpreted as objects. The WN synset entry is reference in COSMO for both senses. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'marhmallow' in WordNet: 1. marshmallow - (spongy confection made of gelatin and sugar and corn syrup and dusted with powdered sugar)
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c Candy^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spongy^c

Marsupial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marsupial`
Description	Mammals with pouches for their young. `SUMO: The Class of Mammals which have a pouch for their young. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marsupial' in Wordnet: 1. marsupial, pouched mammal - (mammals of which the females have a pouch (the marsupium) containing the teats where the young are fed and carried)`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c Mammal^c
Sub-classes	Koala^c TasmanianDevil^c Opossum^c Kangaroo^c

Martial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Martial

Description

''Martial'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to soldiers or war or action characteristic of war or battle.

     For 'martial' pertaining to the armed forces use ''Military''.

     Includes but is broader than adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'martial' (includes
         combat activites,not just persons) in Wordnet:
       1. (1) soldierly, soldierlike, warriorlike, martial - ((of persons) befitting a warrior;
           "a military bearing")
       2. warlike, martial - (suggesting war or military life)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MartialArtist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MartialArtist

Description

CYC: The collection of individuals who practice the martial arts.

        This applies particularly to practitioners of ''MartialArtsActivity-Asian''.

Super-classes Athlete^c

MartialArtsActivity-Asian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MartialArtsActivity-Asian`
Description	CYC: The collection of all activities that consist of a #$Person practicing, performing, or using an Asian martial art like karate, kung fu, or taekwondo. `NOTE: this is the action, not the ''Specification'' which is how a 'Sport'; is classified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'martial art' in WordNet: 1. martial art - (any of several Oriental arts of weaponless self-defense; usually practiced as a sport; 'he had a black belt in the martial arts')`
Super-classes	AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Martial^c
Sub-classes	JudoActivity^c MartialArtsSportsEvent^c KarateActivity^c

MartialArtsSportsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MartialArtsSportsEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of all sports matches in which the competitors use Asian martial arts like karate, kung fu, or taekwondo to try to defeat each other.
Super-classes	MartialArtsActivity-Asian^c CombatSportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	KarateSportsEvent^c JudoEvent^c

Martian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Martian`
Description	CYC: Mythical creatures who come from #$PlanetMars. `NOTE: this type is non-committal as to whether intelligent ''Martian''s can exist (there may have been some millions of years ago), so it is ''Hypothetical'' rather than ''Mythical''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Martian' in WordNet: 1. (3) Martian - (imaginary people who live on the planet Mars)`
Super-classes	ExtraterrestrialLifeForm^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hypothetical^c hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mars^c

Martini^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Martini`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'martini' in WordNet: 1. (2) martini - (a cocktail made of gin (or vodka) with dry vermouth)`
Super-classes	CocktailDrink^c

Martyr^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Martyr`
Description	A ''Martyr'' is a Person who suffers from some Event or situation because shhe refuses to do some Action against hisher principles.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'martyr' in WordNet: 1. (8) martyr, sufferer - (one who suffers for the sake of principle)`
Super-classes	Victim^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousMartyr^c

Marveling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marveling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'marvel' in WordNet: 1. (4) wonder, marvel - (be amazed at; 'We marvelled at the child's linguistic abilities')`
Super-classes	Action^c Reaction^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Wonder^c

Marxism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marxism

Description

This ''Marxism'' is the Actions that practice the theory, not the theory. Theory should be added - @ToDo.

        1. Marxism - (the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and
           Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are 
           economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change
           and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism)

Super-classes Socialism^c

Marxist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marxist`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Marxist' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Marxist - (following the ideas of Marx and Engels)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

MarxistPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarxistPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Marxist' in WordNet: 1. Marxist - (an advocate of Marxism)`
Super-classes	Supporter^c Politician^c Leftist^c
Restrictions	desires^op value Marxism^c supportsProposition^op value Marxism^c

Mascara^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mascara`
Description	CYC: A thick, dark-colored colored coating applied to the eyelashes to accent the eyes. NOTE: used also on ''Eyebrow''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mascara' in WordNet: 1. (1) mascara - (makeup that is used to darken and thicken the eye lashes)`
Super-classes	Makeup^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value ApplyingMascara^c

Mascot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mascot`
Description	A ''Mascot'' is an ''Animal (possibly a ''Person'') that is used ('adopted') as a Symbol of some GroupOfPeople or Organization (often a SportsTeam). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mascot' in WordNet: 1. mascot - (a person or animal that is adopted by a team or other group as a symbolic figure)`
Super-classes	Animal^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only (GroupOfPeople^c or Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Organization^c) isUsedBy^op only (GroupOfPeople^c or Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Organization^c)

Masculine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masculine`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'masculine' in Wordnet: 2. (1) masculine - (associated with men and not with women)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Macho^c

MasculineGender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MasculineGender`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'masculine' in Wordnet: 1. (2) masculine - (of grammatical gender)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Masculinity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masculinity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'masculinity' in WordNet: 2. masculinity - (the trait of behaving in ways considered typical for men)`
Super-classes	Maleness^c PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Femininity^c isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Male^c
Sub-classes	Machismo^c

Maser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maser`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maser' in WordNet: 1. maser - (an acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an amplifier that works on the same principle as a laser and emits coherent microwave radiation)`
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c Amplifier^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation^c

Mashed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mashed`
Description	''Mashed'' is the attribute of ''Pulp'' that has been created by a ''Mashing'' Action.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

MashedPotatoes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MashedPotatoes`
Description	A form of ''Potato-Foodstuff'' that is ''Mushy'', prepared by a''Mashing'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mashed potato' in WordNet: 1. mashed potato - (potato that has been peeled and boiled and then mashed)`
Super-classes	PreparedFoodStuff^c Potato-Foodstuff^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mashed^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mushy^c

Mashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mashing`
Description	''Mashing'' is a form of ''Grinding'' that used pressure to reduce a soft material into a pulpy mass. `Closes to RHW 'mash' sense 2: 2. to reduce to a soft, pulpy mass, as by beating or pressure, esp. in the preparation of food. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'mash' in WordNet: 3. grind, mash, crunch, bray, comminute - (reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading; 'grind the spices in a mortar'; 'mash the garlic')`
Super-classes	Grinding^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Pulp^c

Masjid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masjid`
Description	What is the difference between this and ''Mosque''? Perhaps this can be only part of a building. RHW: 'a mosque.' (Arabic term.for ''Mosque''? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masjid' in WordNet: 1. masjid, musjid - ((Islam) a Muslim place of worship)`
Super-classes	ReligiousBuilding^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyManagedBy^op value Mullah^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value MuslimPrayer^c

Mask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mask`
Description	CYC: The collection of items worn on the face; used to protect the face, as part of a costume, or to obscure the identity. Also used for surgical 'masks' designed to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mask ' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mask - (a covering to disguise or conceal the face)`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value HumanHead^c isDesignedToCover^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	ProtectiveMask^c SurgicalMask^c DominoMask^c GasMask^c

Masked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masked

Description

This ''Masked'' characterizes a Person who is ''WearingaMask''. Not for other kinds of concealment. 'Who was that masked man?' ('The Lone Ranger')

    CYC: The collection of all persons wearing a #$Mask
        over their face.

         Corresponds to *part* (for people wearing a ''Mask'') adjective
                sense 1 of 'masked' in Wordnet:
           1. cloaked, disguised, masked -
            (having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading;
              'hidden agenda'; 'masked threat')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

MaskingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaskingSomething`
Description	''MaskingSomething'' is ''CoveringSomething'' with some Object that serves as a ''Mask'' to prevent view of the thing ''Masked''. This includes putting on a ''Mask'' but is much broader. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mask' in WordNet: 2. (1) mask - (put a mask on or cover with a mask; 'Mask the children for Halloween') WN noun 'masking' 3. (4) cover, covering, screening, masking - (the act of concealing the existence of something by obstructing the view of it; 'the cover concealed their guns from enemy aircraft')`
Super-classes	HidingSomething^c CoveringSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Mask^c

MaskingTape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaskingTape`
Description	''MaskingTape'' is used t cover art of a surface that one does not want painted, while painting some of the parts not covered. Typically, used to cover windows in a frame when the frame is being painted. `NOTE: Thus the logical oddity appears that this is used in ''PaintingAnObject'' and also prevents ''PaintingAnObject'' - but the 'object' in the two restrictions refer to different parts of a larger object. This will need FOL to specify, unless one specifies the parts to e painted and those to be masked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masking tape' in WordNet: 1. masking tape, masking paper - (adhesive tape used to cover the part of a surface that should not be painted)`
Super-classes	AdhesiveTape^c Tape^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value PaintingAnObject^c prevents^op value PaintingAnObject^c

Mason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mason`
Description	A person who builds structures made of stone or brick. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mason' in WordNet: 4. mason, stonemason - (a craftsman who works with stone or brick)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value StoneStructure^c

Masquerading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masquerading`
Description	This is the collection of events in which a person pretends to be someone or something other than himself, in some context other than that of a dramatic performance. The purpose of the pretense may be entertainment, however, as in the case of #$Masquerading on #$Halloween, or for #$MardiGras (see #$MasqueradingAtASocialGathering). On the other hand, instances of #$Masquerading also include deliberately deceitful acts such as those that a con-artist might engage in in order to defraud someone (see #$Masquerading-Deceiving). #$Masquerading is distinct from #$DramaticActing, which is the collection of events in which a person portrays someone or something other than himself in the context of a dramatic performance (i.e., in a theatre, in front of an audience...). `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'masquerade' (only for while wearing a '''Costume'' - for other senses use parent ''Pretending'') in WordNet: 2. (1) masquerade - (pretend to be someone or something that you are not; 'he is masquerading as an expert on the Internet'; 'This silly novel is masquerading as a serious historical treaty')`
Super-classes	Acting^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value WearingaCostume^c

Mass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mass`
Description	Mass is a property of all PhysicalObjects. It is a quantitative measure, and the standard unit is the kilogram, but many other common units of mass are used, such as the pound. Mass is often not distinguished from weight, which technically is a force measure, but informally is interchangeable with mass in the context of a location on the Earth's surface.
Super-classes	Size^c PhysicalAttribute^c

MassAudience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassAudience`
Description	A ''MassAudience'' is a ''LargeGroupOfPeople''that is the intended audience for a ''MassCommunicating''. Usually a lot more than 1000 people, but that is set as the minimum for this type.
Super-classes	LargeGroupOfPeople^c Audience^c
Restrictions	isTheIntendedAudienceOf^op value MassCommunicating^c hasComponentElement^op min 1000
Sub-classes	RadioOrTVAudience^c

MassCommunicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassCommunicating`
Description	''MassCommunicating'' is a ''Communication'' act or series of Actions that convey a message to a large audience, more than can be reached by one Person in pers0n-to-Person ontacts, therefore requiring use of some ''MediumOfCommunication'' (publications, TV, radio, internet). `CYC: Communication actions in which a great many agents are the targets of the communication. This is not necessarily limited to communications which use broadcast media such as television or radio - it also includes mass communications accomplished by print media, by telephoning lots of people, by individually telling many people the same message, or by using a combination of media. Examples: an ad campaign, a ''get out the vote'' effort, or a smear campaign.`
Super-classes	Communication^c SocialOccurrence^c Publicizing^c
Restrictions	uses^op value MediumOfCommunication^c hasIntendedAudience^op value MassAudience^c
Sub-classes	PublicRelationsActivity^c

MassDensity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassDensity

Description

''MassDensity'' is a property of all macroscopic PhysicalObjects, as long as they have a definable volume and definable mass.

    Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'density' in WordNet;
       the 'amount' in this case is a mass and the 'size' is a volume:  in WordNet:
       1. (24) density, denseness - (the amount per unit size)

Super-classes Density^c

MassDensityMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassDensityMeasure`
Description	The Class of ConstantQuantities indicating a quantity of density (dimensionally equivalent to mass divided by volumee); it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and an instance of DensityUnit. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'density' in WordNet; the 'amount' in this case is a mass and the 'size' is a volume: in WordNet: 1. (24) density, denseness - (the amount per unit size)`
Super-classes	DensityMeasure^c
In range of	hasDensityMeasure^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneGramPerMilliliter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightDensity

MassDensityUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassDensityUnit`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses ''MassDensity'', which is a ratio of the mass in some volume to the volume.
Super-classes	DensityUnit^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#gramsPerMilliliter

MassMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassMeasure`
Description	The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the amount of matter in an Object. Mass is by default considered as relativistic mass (equivalent to energy); if rest mass is intended, that should be specified as 'RestMassMeasure'. `This is the usual sense for 'mass' in statements such as 'the proton has a mass of ...' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mass' in WordNet: 1. (109) mass - (the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field)`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Slug^c RestMassMeasure^c Gram^c PoundMass^c Amu^c TonMass^c Stone-Mass^c MetricTon^c OneGram^c AtomGram^c
In range of	hasMass^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreePounds

MassMeasurement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassMeasurement`
Description	A 'MassMeasurement' is an OrderedPair generated as the result of a 'Weighing' Action; it is an abstract representation of a MassMeasure. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'mass' in WordNet: 1. (109) mass - (the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field)`
Super-classes	Measurement^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some Quantifier^c hasFirstElement^op some UnitOfMass^c

MassProduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassProduction`
Description	''MassProduction'' is a ''MakingMultipleCopies'' in very large numbers usually by a process that is largely machine-assisted. `A facility that can perform this scale of production is usually called a ''Factory''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mass production' in WordNet: 1. mass production - (the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques)) WN verb 'mass-produce': 1. mass-produce - (produce on a large scale)`
Super-classes	Manufacturing^c MakingMultipleCopies^c
Restrictions	produces^op min 10000

Massacre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Massacre`
Description	CYC: A collection of complex, violent events. In each instance of #$Massacre, many people (or animals) are killed. The number of #$victims may range from tens to thousands (or more). In English, 'massacre' has the connotation that the victims are significantly overpowered by the #$perpetrators and that the slaughter occurs without resistance or without a fair fight. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'massacre' in WordNet: 1. (1) massacre, slaughter, mow down - (kill a large number of people indiscriminately; 'The Hutus massacred the Tutsis in Rwanda') WN noun 'massacre': 1. slaughter, massacre, mass murder, carnage, butchery - (the savage and excessive killing of many people)`
Super-classes	Murder^c ViolentAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cruel^c hasAttribute^op value Savage^c hadAgentHarmed^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Bloodbath^c RaceExtermination^c Genocide^c

Massaging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Massaging

Description

Cyc: The collection of events in which someone is massaged.

    SUMO: A subclass of TherapeuticProcess which involves 
      kneading Muscles in such a way that tension is relieved, blood circulation 
      is increased, etc.

  Includes transitive and intransitive senses 1 and 2 of vern 'massage' and
    noun sense 1 of 'massage' in WordNet:
     1. (1) massage, rub down, knead - (manually manipulate (someone's body), usually
       for medicinal or relaxation purposes; 'She rubbed down her child with a sponge')
     2. (1) massage - (give a massage to; 'She massaged his sore back') 
    WN noun 'massage':
      1. (1) massage - (kneading and rubbing parts of the body
        to increase circulation and promote relaxation)

Super-classes Rubbing^c
TouchingAnotherPerson^c
TherapeuticProcess^c
PleasantThing^c

Masse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masse`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masse' in WordNet: 1. masse, masse shot - (a shot in billiards made by hitting the cue ball with the cue held nearly vertically; the cue ball spins around another ball before hitting the object ball)`
Super-classes	StrokingAtaBall^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value CueStick^c isaSubEventOf^op value PoolGame^c hadObjectMoved^op value BilliardBall^c

Massive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Massive`
Description	''Massive'' is a more intensive subtype of 'large' - of PhysicalObjects or Actions (massive destruction) or Organizations, but when applied to PhysicalObbjects suggests not only being larger than the typical (of that type) but also being heavier and imparting a feeling of being impressed by the size (being 'imposing' in the WN gloss)... `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'massive' in WordNet: 1. (9) massive, monolithic, monumental - (imposing in size or bulk or solidity; 'massive oak doors'; 'Moore's massive sculptures'; 'the monolithic proportions of Stalinist architecture'; 'a monumental scale')`
Super-classes	VeryLarge^c
Sub-classes	Monolithic^c

Mast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mast`
Description	A ''Spar'' that is vertically oriented and supports sails `In CYC: 'Mast-Device" The rigid support column on wind-powered transportation devices which support the sails. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mast' in WordNet: 1. (3) mast - (a vertical spar for supporting sails)`
Super-classes	Spar^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c isAttachedTo^op value MainDeck^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Sail^c
Sub-classes	MainMast^c

Master^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Master`
Description	A Person who has a level of knowledge or expertise on some topic beyond the level of an average Expert; someone more knowledgeable than an Expert on a topic. They may or may not have graduated from some educational institution. `Includes noun senses 1 and 9 of 'master' in WordNet, but is not necessarily a professional, nor necessarily an artist - - this is only one whose expertise is exceptional. NOTE the usage in chess, where a 'master' is more advanced than an 'expert' - this is similar in meaning. in WordNet: 1. (8) maestro, master - (an artist of consummate skill; 'a master of the violin'; 'one of the old masters') 9. master, professional - (an authority qualified to teach apprentices)`
Super-classes	Expert^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op some TopicType^c
Sub-classes	Scholar^c

MasterOfCeremonies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MasterOfCeremonies`
Description	A ''MasterOfCeremonies'' is the Person who introduces people (especially speakers and performers) to an audience and at least nominally in charge of managing and controlling the individual Events in some social Event,including small ceremonies and large performances and broadcast entertainment shows. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'master of ceremonies' in WordNet: 1. (1) master of ceremonies, emcee, host - (a person who acts as host at formal occasions (makes an introductory speech and introduces other speakers))`
Super-classes	Speaker^c Manager^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value IntroducingPeople^c
Sub-classes	TVShowHost^c Ringmaster^c

Masterful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masterful

Description

'Masterful' is an AttributeValue of People or Actions that demonstrate a high level of skill in performing some Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'masterful' in Wordnet:
          1. consummate, masterful, masterly, virtuoso -
            (having or revealing supreme mastery or skill; 'a consummate artist'; 
            'consummate skill'; 'a masterful speaker'; 'masterful technique'; 
            'a masterly performance of the sonata'; 'a virtuoso performance')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Mastermind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mastermind`
Description	A ''Mastermind'' is a Person who first creates a plan for some 'operation' involving two or more people, then directs its execution. 'He was the mastermind behind the operation.' `Corresponds to part (for planning an ''Operation''') of noun sense 1 of 'mastermind' in WordNet: 1. originator, conceiver, mastermind - (someone who creates new things)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isTheCreatorOf^op value PlanForAnOperation^c

Masterpiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masterpiece`
Description	A ''Masterpiece'' can be any ''ArtObject'' or ''ConceptualWork'' that exhibits a high level of skill (represented here as ''Expertise''). This type is broader than the WordNet gloss suggests, being not necessarily the unique most outstanding work of a Person, but anything that exhibits a high level of skill. `Includes three senses of 'masterpiece' in RHW: 1. a person's greatest piece of work, as in an art. 2. anything done with masterly skill: a masterpiece of improvisation. 3. a consummate example of skill or excellence of any kind: The chef 's cake was a masterpiece. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'masterpiece' in WordNet: 1. (4) masterpiece, chef-d'oeuvre - (the most outstanding work of a creative artist or craftsman)`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c (ConceptualWork^c or ArtObject^c)
Restrictions	showsEvidenceOf^op value Expertise^c

MastersDegree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MastersDegree

Description

        Someone with a Master's degree is termed in Wordnet a 'master: 
          sense 8:
          8. master - (someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution)
        But the degree itself is not included in any synset as representing 
        the degree itself (as in 'he has a master in engineering').

      in WordNet:
         1. (1) master's degree - (an academic degree higher than a
             bachelor's but lower than a doctor's)

Super-classes EducationalDegree^c

Mastery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mastery`
Description	''Mastery'' is a state of a Person who is capable of performing a ''Masterful'' Action, or creates a ''GenericArtifact'' that requires a high level of skill, higher than ''Expertise''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mastery' in WordNet: 1. (4) command, control, mastery - (great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; 'a good command of French')`
Super-classes	Expertise^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Expertise^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Masterful^c

Mastiff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mastiff

Description

A subtype of ''WorkingDog''.

      CYC:  A collection of very large dogs with coats of
        short hair.  Bred in England.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mastiff' in WordNet:
         1. mastiff - (an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog 
            used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog)

Super-classes WorkingDog^c

Mastodon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mastodon`
Description	`WN parent (not in COSMO): proboscidean, proboscidian - (massive herbivorous mammals having tusks and a long trunk) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mastodon' in WordNet: 1. mastodon, mastodont - (extinct elephant-like mammal that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differ from mammoths in the form of the molar teeth)`
Super-classes	Pachyderm^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extinct^c

Masturbation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Masturbation`
Description	'Masturbation'' is getting sexual pleasure by manipulating one's own (or another's) genitals with the hand(s). `CYC: This collection involves events of non-copulatory genital stimulation; many instances of this collection are reflexive events, where the #$performedBy and the #$objectActedOn roles are filled by the same participant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masturbation' in WordNet: 1. masturbation, onanism - (manual stimulation of the genital organs (of yourself or another) for sexual pleasure)`
Super-classes	Autoerotism^c StimulatingSexualArousal^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c

Mat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mat`
Description	An Object that is a thick textile or soft pad designed to cover floors, but is typically smaller than a Rug or Carpet, and can often be carried in one hand. This includes rug-like small floor mats and exercise mats. The 'mat' of table mats is a different type of object - use 'TableMat'. `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'mat' in WordNet: 1. (4) mat - (a thick flat pad used as a floor covering) 3. (1) mat, gym mat - (sports equipment consisting of a piece of thick padding on the floor for gymnastic sports)`
Super-classes	FloorCovering^c SheetArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c
Sub-classes	DoorMat^c

Matador^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matador`
Description	A ''Matador'' is a ''Bullfighter'' whose task is to kill the ''Bull''in the contest.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matador' in WordNet: 1. matador - (the principal bullfighter who is appointed to make the final passes and kill the bull)`
Super-classes	Bullfighter^c Athlete^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value Bullfighting^c canKill^op value Bull^c wasaContestantInCompetition^op value Bullfight^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JulianLopezEscobar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Manolete

MatadorAndBull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MatadorAndBull`
Description	Each ''MatadorAndBull'' is a ''GroupOfAnimals'' consisting of one Matador and one Bull.
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Matador^c hasComponentElement^op some Bull^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ManoleteAndToro

Match-FireStarter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Match-FireStarter`
Description	Can be based on wood or cardboard; the type is specified by the filler of the restriction 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance'. A 'book' of matches will be cardboard; a 'box' of matches will usually be of wood. Every Match-FireStarter has some friction-sensitive combustible material on one end, but that type of material is not yet represented in COSMO. `WordNet sense 1 of 'match': in WordNet: 1. (4) match, lucifer, friction match - (lighter consisting of a thin piece of wood or cardboard tipped with combustible chemical; ignites with friction; 'he always carries matches to light his pipe'; 'as long you've a lucifer to light your fag')`
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c CombustionDevice^c Device-OneTimeUse^c SmallObject^c DisposableProduct^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value CombustibleSubstance^c hasDesignFunction^op value SettingSomethingOnFire^c
Sub-classes	MatchForFireplace^c

MatchForFireplace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MatchForFireplace`
Description	Fireplace matches are made mostly of Wood. They are also longer than the matches in a matchbook.
Super-classes	Match-FireStarter^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

MatchSportsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MatchSportsEvent`
Description	games where competitors play against each other - typically, only two competitors play each other at a time. Actions are taken by each competitor to achieve a goal and to prevent the other agent from obtaining the goal. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'match' in WordNet: 2. (1) match - (a formal contest in which two or more persons or teams compete)`
Super-classes	Competition^c SportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	BoxingMatch^c FencingMatch^c Bullfight^c KarateEvent^c

Matched^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matched

Description

This type ''Matched'' is a specific sense of having properties that are very similar in most respects, so that they perform some function better than a similar number of objects without this quality. This is for ArtifactObjects that have been created or chosen to be very similar in quality, so that they have experienced a ''MatchingAction'' and are in the state of ''Matching''. This is mostly used for things that have a closely similar appearance.

       This is the property that one expects to observe when one buys a ''PairOfShoes''
          or a ''PairOfGloves''.

       Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'matched' in Wordnet:
         2. matched - (going well together; possessing harmonizing qualities)
       WN adj : 'matching':
         2. (1) coordinated, co-ordinated, matching - (intentionally matched; 
             'curtains and walls were color coordinated')

Super-classes SimilarLooking^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Matching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matching`
Description	''Matching'' is a ''PersistentState'' (a ''Quality'') Performed by a Group of two or more items that have attributes that allow them to 'fit' together, that is to not clash or be dissonant in some respect. This is vague and evaluative, and may depend on individual tastes. `For a more interactive state of 'matching' use the subtype ''GoingWellTogether''. Includes verb senses 1 and 9 of 'match' in WordNet: 1. (17) match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally, agree - (be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics; 'The two stories don't agree in many details'; 'The handwriting checks with the signature on the check'; 'The suspect's fingerprints don't match those on the gun') 9. match - (be equal or harmonize; 'The two pieces match')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Similar^c isPerformedBy^op some SimilarityGroup^c
Sub-classes	GoingWellTogether^c

MatchingAction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MatchingAction

Description

a 'MatchingAction' is an Action in which two or more items are compared with respect to certain Attributes, for the purpose of identifying when the similarities are sufficient to declare that they 'match' each other in that respect. This is an action taken by a 'IntentionalAgent', and the Cyc notion of matching, which includes DNA strand matching, is broader than this type.

     The resulting objects are particiants in a ''Similarity'' Event.
     ??How to relate these?

     If they are judged identical in those attributes, then they are 
        considered as 'Matching' ; i.e. the Group that is being compared have the attribute 'Matching',
        and the attribute that matches needs to be specified.
        See relation  'areAlikeWRT'

     In Cyc the broader concept is called 'MatchingOfTwo'
     In events of this type, 2 matching objects (of an
    unspecified kind) are 'paired together'. It is assumed
    that matching objects are so by virtue of physical or
    geometrical structure. Examples: the #$DNAStrands in a DNA
        molecule are matched together in the course of #$Replication-DNA.

       The closest Wordnet sense is verb sense 5 of 'match', but that is only part of the 
          intended sense of this type:
     in WordNet:
       5. (3) match, fit - (make correspond or harmonize; 'Match my sweater')

Super-classes Comparing^c

Matchless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matchless

Description

''Matchless'' is an AttributeValue that expresses the notion that there is nothing better.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'matchless' in Wordnet:
        1. matchless, nonpareil, one, one and only, peerless, unmatched,
           unmatchable, unrivaled, unrivalled - (eminent beyond or above comparison; 
           'matchless beauty'; 'the team's nonpareil center fielder';
           'she's one girl in a million'; 'the one and only Muhammad Ali'; 
           'a peerless scholar'; 'infamy unmatched in the Western world'; 
           'wrote with unmatchable clarity'; 'unrivaled mastery of her art')

Super-classes Superlative^c

Matchup^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matchup

Description

A ''Matchup'' is a ''Pairing'' Action in which the subgroup

       Needs more elaboration to express the purpose.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matchup' in WordNet:
           1. match-up, matchup - (the pairing of people or things as for comparison or competition; 
              'it was a good match-up but the home team won'; 'we need a matchup of the best teachers 
              with the neediest schools')

Super-classes Pairing^c

MaterialHandling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaterialHandling`
Description	NOTE: this is intentional action by an IntentionalAgent the parent ''ActingOnSomething'' can include 'actions' by natural forces. `CYC: A specialization of #$ActionOnObject: the collection of all actions in which some sort of material (solid, liquid, or gas) is handled or moved around. This includes actions done with the use of tools or machinery (such as shovels, dump trucks, or cranes), and is therefore not restricted to the kind of handling that is done with one's hands (cf. #$HandlingAnObject)`
Super-classes	ControllingSomething^c PurposefulAction^c ActingOnSomething^c
Sub-classes	ShapingSomething^c ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c Grinding^c Stirring^c MarkingOnASurface^c Kneading^c ConveyingMaterials^c MixingSubstances^c

MaterialTransporter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaterialTransporter`
Description	A #$DeviceTypeByFunction. Each instance of #$MaterialTransporter is a #$TransportationDevice whose #$primaryFunction is to move a #$LiquidTangibleThing (e.g. a large amount of #$Oil) or a #$Group of #$InanimateThings (e.g. a (#$MobFn #$LogOfWood)) from one place to another. Specializations include #$GarbageTruck, #$Barge, and #$Wheelbarrow. Note that many #$MaterialTransporters 'can' be used to transport people or animals; but this is not their primary function. #$WreckerTruck is not a specialization of #$MaterialTransporter, since the #$primaryFunction of a #$WreckerTruck is to tow a single #$RoadVehicle (not a #$Mob of them). Two borderline cases are #$PickupTruck and #$Forklift.
Super-classes	Device^c TransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Forklift^c Barge^c Wheelbarrow^c TruckTrailer^c EarthMovingVehicle^c

Materialism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Materialism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'materialism' in WordNet: 1. (2) materialism, philistinism - (a desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters)`
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op value Wealthiness^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Spirituality^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Greedy^c

Materialization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Materialization`
Description	A ''Materialization'' is any ''Object'' or State (Abstract or Physical) that begins to exist as a result of (isProducedBy) some Event. The thing this is referenced as a ''Result' and that (Object or State) is the meaning of this ''Materialization'. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'materialization' in WordNet: 2. (1) offspring, materialization, materialisation - (something that comes into existence as a result; 'industrialism prepared the way for acceptance of the French Revolution's various socialistic offspring'; 'this skyscraper is the solid materialization of his efforts')`
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)

Materializing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Materializing`
Description	A ''Materializing'' Event is an ''Arising'' that does not come from some developing' process or as the result of some planned or anticipated process. It is ''Unexpected'' and ''Unplanned''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'materialize' in WordNet: 1. (3) happen, materialize, materialise - (come into being; become reality; 'Her dream really materialized')`
Super-classes	Arising^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unplanned^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c

Materials^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Materials

Description

A Group of one or more PhysicalObjects that are needed or useful for some task, e.g. 'teaching materials'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'material' in WordNet:
       3. (66) material - (things needed for doing or making something; 
          'writing materials'; 'useful teaching materials')

Super-classes Aid^c
ObjectGroup^c

Mathematical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mathematical

Description

''Mathematical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Mathematics'' and actions and objects involved in ''MathematicalProcedure''s.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mathematical' in Wordnet:
      1. (4) mathematical - (of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics;
          'a mathematical textbook'; 'slide rules and other mathematical instruments';
          'a mathematical solution to a problem'; 'mathematical proof')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MathematicalExpression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalExpression`
Description	A 'MathematicalExpression' is a combination of one or more MathematicalObjects, which can be numbers, variables, or anything else that may occur in one or another side of an Equation. This a simple number such as '3', or a variable, such as 'x', or a product such as 'xy' (where '' represents multiplictaion), or anything else that may occur in any form or any combination in an Equation. `NOTE that a ''MathematicalExpression'' is a ''MathematicalObject'', and therefore can have other ''MathematicalExpression''s as component(s). Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'expression' in WordNet: 6. (4) formula, expression - (a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement)`
Super-classes	ComputationalObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MathematicalObject^c

MathematicalFormula^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalFormula`
Description	A ''MathematicalFormula'' is a ''MathematicalProcedure'' (a rule) that specifies how to solve a mathematical problem or to perform a certain type of computation. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'formula' in WordNet: 7. rule, formula - ((mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; 'he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs'; 'he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials')`
Super-classes	MathematicalProcedure^c
Sub-classes	Algorithm^c

MathematicalFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalFunction`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematical function' in WordNet: 1. function, mathematical function - (a mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set)`
Super-classes	MathematicalRelation^c
Sub-classes	MathematicalMapping^c

MathematicalMapping^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalMapping

Description

This sense of ''MathematicalMapping'' includes the relation of concepts or terms to each other, such as is represened in this ontology by the presence of multiple labels for some owl:Classes, so that the co-occurrence of terms on a synonym list can be considered as a mapping of 'synonymy' between any two entries in that group of terms, or of any term and the entry term ('ID').

     Likewise, a relation of correspondence between
       an entry in one ontology to an entry in another ontology can be considered as 
       a ''MathematicalMapping'' if the two ontologies are consistent with each other.
     However to be strictly mathematically or logically precise the two ontologies with
        such a mapping between them can differ only with respect to 'conservative' definitions
        in which a subtype is created using a combination of existing elements and can be
       considered as a restatement of relations already existing by implication
       in the ontology.
     This type does not require that degree of logical precision.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mapping' in WordNet:
        1. mapping, map, correspondence - (a function such that 
           for every element of one set there is a unique element of another set)

Super-classes MathematicalFunction^c

MathematicalNotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalNotation`
Description	'MathematicalNotation'' is a .''NotationalSystem'' that is used in writing mathematics, especially mathematical equations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematical notation' in WordNet: 1. mathematical notation - (a notation used by mathematicians)`
Super-classes	NotationalSystem^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some MathematicalSymbol^c

MathematicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalObject`
Description	A specialization of both #$MathematicalThing and #$IntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$MathematicalObject is a purely abstract mathematical thing which is also an individual (see #$Individual). Specializations of #$MathematicalObject include #$Quantifier, #$RealNumber, #$Triangle, and #$TruthValue. Note that instances of #$SetOrCollection are not instances of #$MathematicalObject, since they are not instances of #$Individual.
Super-classes	MathematicalThing^c AbstractObject^c
Sub-classes	GeometricFigure^c ComputationalObject^c ComplexQuantifier^c Graph^c Tuple^c MathematicalQuantity^c TheoreticalModel^c MinimumNumber^c MaximumNumber^c Number^c

MathematicalOrComputationalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalOrComputationalThing`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Intangible things that are intrinsically mathematical (see #$MathematicalThing) or computational (see #$ComputationalObject). Instances of #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing are abstract in the very strong sense of being nonspatial, atemporal, and massless. Examples include numbers, sets, collections, relations, algorithms, and abstract character strings.
Super-classes	AbstractEntity^c
Sub-classes	Algorithm^c MathematicalThing^c

MathematicalProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalProcedure`
Description	A ''MathematicalProcedure'' is any procedure that involves performing operations on mathematical objects, whether numerical or by any other procedure considered as part of 'mathematics', and whether executed by a Person or machine or computer. This type of procedure can be executed in many different ways, such as doing arithmetic operations in the head (see ''DoingMath'') `The WN synset including ''mathematical operation' is interpreted here as the procedure, not the execution of a procedure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematical operation' in WordNet: 1. mathematical process, mathematical operation, operation - ((mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods; 'the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation'; 'they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic')`
Super-classes	ProblemSolvingProcedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value DoingMath^c
Sub-classes	MathematicalFormula^c Differentiation^c StatisticalProcedure^c

MathematicalQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalQuantity`
Description	A ''MathematicalQuantity''is a ''Quantity'' used in mathematical theories or calculations. It can be ''Variable'' or ''Constant'' of even more abstract. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 3. quantity - (something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable)`
Super-classes	MathematicalObject^c Quantity^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value DoingMath^c
Sub-classes	VariableQuantity^c ConstantMathematicalQuantity^c

MathematicalRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalRelation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematical relation' in WordNet: 1. mathematical relation - (a relation between mathematical expressions (such as equality or inequality))`
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	MathematicalFunction^c

MathematicalRepresentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalRepresentation`
Description	A 'MathematicalRepresentation' is a Group of one or more Equations that is intended to represent the structure or behavior of some situation or phenomenon, physical or abstract. This is the type that can be used to represent some mathematical model of a physical phenomenon, such as Maxwell's equations for the propagation of electromagnetic radiation, an equation describing the time course of a chemical reaction, or some set of equations representing an economic phenomenon. NOTE that a graphical representation of something can also serve as a 'model', but this type is for sets of equations only, not for other mathematical models. NOTE that a 'LawOfnature' or its detailed description as a 'QuantitativeTendency' can be related to instances of this Type by the relation 'isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation'. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'model' in WordNet; this is for the abstract set of equations representing something, not for any physical object that serves as a representation. in WordNet: 1. (22) model, theoretical account, framework - (a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; 'the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems')
Super-classes	Group^c ComputationalObject^c TheoreticalModel^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Equation^c
In range of	isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation^op

MathematicalSign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalSign`
Description	A ''MathematicalSign'' is one of several ''MathematicalSymbol''s used in mathematical equations, including the plus, minus, and equals signs. `Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'sign' in WordNet: 11. sign - (a character indicating a relation between quantities; 'don't forget the minus sign')`
Super-classes	MathematicalSymbol^c
Sub-classes	EqualsSign^c

MathematicalSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalSymbol`
Description	A ''MathematicalSymbol'' is an''AbstractCharacter'' that represents any one of many symbols used in ''MathematicalNotation''
Super-classes	AbstractCharacter^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value MathematicalNotation^c
Sub-classes	Exponent^c MathematicalSign^c

MathematicalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicalThing`
Description	A specialization of #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing. Each instance of #$MathematicalThing is an atemporal, nonspatial, purely mathematical thing. #$MathematicalThing is partitioned into two main specializations, #$MathematicalObject and #$SetOrCollection (qq.v)
Super-classes	MathematicalOrComputationalThing^c
Sub-classes	MathematicalObject^c Correlating^c StatisticalAnalysis^c

Mathematician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mathematician`
Description	Scientist engaged in the study, development and understanding of Mathematics and its applications. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematician' in WordNet: 1. mathematician - (a person skilled in mathematics)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c Role^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Mathematics^c

Mathematics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mathematics`
Description	''Mathematics'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that concerns itself with AbstractObjects (such as numbers and geometrical figures) and the relations between them, iluding quantitative relations and the operations that can be used to transform objects into other type of objects.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematics' in WordNet: 1. (5) mathematics, math, maths - (a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c Methodology^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Statistics^c hasBranch^op some Arithmetic^c

MathematicsDepartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MathematicsDepartment`
Description	A specialization of #$AcademicDepartment, instances of which conduct teaching and research in #$Mathematics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematics department' in WordNet: 1. mathematics department, department of mathematics - (the academic department responsible for teaching and research in mathematics)`
Super-classes	AcademicDepartment^c
Restrictions	teaches^op value Mathematics^c

Matriarch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matriarch`
Description	NOTE: ''Matriarch'' can be used informally to characterize the oldest woman member of an extended family, whether or not she exercises any authority outside her immediate family. The RHW sense 3 of 'matriarch' captures this: RHW 'matriarch': 3. a venerable old woman. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matriarch' in WordNet: 1. (1) matriarch, materfamilias - (a female head of a family or tribe)`
Super-classes	Woman^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op some (Tribe^c or Family-Human^c or GroupType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matriarchal^c

Matriarchal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matriarchal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'matriarchal' in Wordnet: 1. matriarchal - (characteristic of a matriarchy)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Matriarchy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matriarchy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matriarchy' in WordNet: 1. matriarchy, matriarchate - (a form of social organization in which a female is the family head and title is traced through the female line)`
Super-classes	SocialSystem^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matriarchal^c

Matrix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matrix`
Description	A mathematical Matrix, with rows and columns. More detail is left to a specialized Math ontology. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matrix' in Wordnet: 1. (1) matrix - (a rectangular array of elements (or entries) set out by rows and columns)`
Super-classes	ComplexQuantifier^c
Sub-classes	Determinant^c

MatronOfHonor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MatronOfHonor

Description

The ''MatronOfHonor'' is a married woman who also serves, as does the ''MaidOfHonor'', as the principle attendant for the Bride at a WeddingCeremony.

      RHW 'matron of honor':  a married woman acting as the principal attendant of the bride at a wedding.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matron of honor' in WordNet:
          1. matron of honor - (a married woman serving as the attendant to the bride at a wedding)

Super-classes Bridesmaid^c

Matted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matted

Description

''Matted'' is the Attribute of a ''Tangle'' that is more densely intertwined than a mildly ''Tangled' group of ''CordlikeObject''s. Used,among other things, for Hair, especially when the ''Hair'' has become wet and clings in a flat mass to the head.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'matted' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) matted - (tangled in a dense mass; 'tried to push through the matted undergrowth')

Super-classes Tangled^c

Matter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matter

Description

COSMO note: In COSMO, this is a substance, not an object. 'Matter' is a PhysicalSubstance that has rest mass (i.e. any quantity of Matter has rest mass). This excludes electromagnetic waves, which is included in 'PhysicalSubstance' but do not have rest mass.

       Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'matter' in WordNet:
        1. (41) substance, matter - (that which has mass and occupies space;
          'an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter')

Super-classes PhysicalSubstance^c

MatterForConsideration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MatterForConsideration`
Description	A ''MatterForConsideration'' is the vague general concept of a ''Topic'' (a type of ''MentalObject'') that differs from the generic ''Topic''in that it includes at least one ''Question-IBT''. When a ''MatterForConsideration'' includes a ''ProblemToBeSolved'' for which obtaining an answer is important to some ''IntelligenAgent''(s), that ''MatterForConsideration'' is represented by the subtype ''Issue'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'matter' in WordNet: 3. (32) topic, subject, issue, matter - (some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police")`
Super-classes	TopicOfInterest^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Question-IBT^c
Sub-classes	Issue^c

Mattress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mattress`
Description	CYC: The part of a bed that a person rests on. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mattress' in WordNet: 1. mattress - (a large thick pad filled with resilient material and often incorporating coiled springs, used as a bed or part of a bed)`
Super-classes	Cushion^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Bed^c isDesignedToSupport^op value HumanBody^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spongy^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Bed^c

Mature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mature`
Description	'Mature' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of things (usually organisms) that have developed to a point where they are ready for some purpose - in the case of organisms, the purpose is reproduction. For humans, there is also a sense of emotional maturity that occurs after sexual maturity. So 'Mature' may be interpreted relative to some purpose or context. This is the most general sense of ';mature', and includes wines that have aged sufficiently, plans that are developed by individuals or groups, as well as organisms or (as with fruit) parts of organisms. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 4, and 5 of 'mature' in RHW; 1. complete in natural growth or development, as plant and animal forms: a mature rose bush. 2. ripe, as fruit, or fully aged, as cheese or wine. 4. pertaining to or characteristic of full development: a mature appearance; fruit with a mature softness. 5. completed, perfected, or elaborated in full by the mind: mature plans. Includes adjective senses 2,3, 4, and 5 of 'mature' in WordNet: 3. (1) mature - - (having reached full natural growth or development; 'a mature cell')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	FullyDeveloped^c Ripe^c Adult^c

Maturing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maturing`
Description	Biological process in which an organism progresses toward maturity. `Includes verb sense 1 of 'mature' and noun sense 1 of 'maturation' in WordNet: 1. (5) mature, maturate, grow - (develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation; 'He matured fast'; 'The child grew fast') WN noun 'maturation': 1. (2) maturation, ripening, maturement - (coming to full development; becoming mature)`
Super-classes	BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Organism^c or OrganismType^c) subjectBecomes^op value Mature^c
Sub-classes	Ripening^c

Maturity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maturity`
Description	''Maturity'' is the state that an Organism that has reached its final stage of development (in people called ''AdultStage'') `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'maturity' in WordNet: 2. (11) maturity, matureness - (state of being mature; full development)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value AdultStage^c isPerformedBy^op value Organism^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Mature^c
Sub-classes	Adulthood^c

Matzoh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Matzoh`
Description	A ''''Matzoh'' is a thin slice of unleavened ''Bread'' (a 'BreadObject'') prepared according to Kosher dietary criteria, and used especially during certain Jewish events, such as 'Passover'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matzoh' in WordNet: 1. matzo, matzoh, matzah, unleavened bread - (brittle flat bread eaten at Passover)`
Super-classes	KosherFoodObject^c BreadObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Seasonal^c

Mausoleum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mausoleum`
Description	A stately and magnificent tomb. The word is taken from the magnificent tomb erected at Halicarnassus in Asia Minor arounf 350(?) B.C., which was one of the Seven WOnders of the Ancient World. In COSMO usage it is an above-ground structure large enough for people to enter, i.e. a building. It does not have to be magnificent, but it should be ''Impressive''. There should be a Coffin of some kind inside the Mausoleum, so that a Person can be in the building and not see a bare corpse. `Examples that are magnificent are the Gur Emir Mausoleum in Samarkand and the Taj Mahal in Agra. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mausoleum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mausoleum - (a large burial chamber, usually above ground)`
Super-classes	Building^c Tomb^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value HumanCorpse^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value GraveSite^c isDesignedToContain^op value Coffin^c isaSignOf^op value DeadPerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impressive^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TajMahal http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GurEmirMausoleum

Maverick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maverick`
Description	A ''Maverick' is a ''RangeAnimal'' that is 'unbranded' and separated in some way from others in its herd. `RHUDEL 'maverick': 'an unbranded calf, cow,or steer, especially an unbranded calf that is separated from its mother.' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'maverick' in WordNet: 2. maverick - (an unbranded range animal (especially a stray calf); belongs to the first person who puts a brand on it)`
Super-classes	RangeAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Separated^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unbranded^c

MaverickPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaverickPerson`
Description	A ''MaverickPerson'' is a ''Dissenter'' who feels little need to follow the majority in behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maverick' in WordNet: 1. maverick, rebel - (someone who exhibits great independence in thought and action)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Self-Sufficient^c

Maxilla^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maxilla`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maxilla' in WordNet: 1. upper jaw, upper jawbone, maxilla, maxillary - (the jaw in vertebrates that is fused to the cranium)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Jaw^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Skull^c
Sub-classes	SwordlikeUpperJaw^c

MaximizingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximizingSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'maximize' in WordNet: 1. (2) maximize, maximise - (make as big or large as possible; 'Maximize your profits!')`
Super-classes	CausingAnIncrease^c

Maximum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maximum`
Description	''Maximum'' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is greatest. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maximum' in WordNet: 1. (38) maximal, maximum - (the greatest or most complete or best possible; 'maximal expansion'; 'maximum pressure')`
Super-classes	HighValued^c VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	All-Out^c

MaximumAge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumAge`
Description	A ''MaximumAge'' is an 'AgeInYears''; an age above that may be a property.that some type cannot have if this property is asserted.
Super-classes	AgeInYears^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumAge17 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumAge7

MaximumNumber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumNumber

Description

A ''MaximumNumber'' is a ''Number'' that specifies a maximum value rather than a specific value. The lower end of the range is not assumed to be zero, but can be negative, so a lower limit may need to be specified.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maximum' in WordNet:
       1. (11) maximum, upper limit - (the largest possible quantity)

Super-classes Quantifier^c
MathematicalObject^c

May^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#May

Description

The Class of all Months which are May. Month is a subtype of 'RecurringTimeInterval'

  CYC: A specialization of #$CalendarMonth. Each instance
        of #$May is the fifth month of a particular year in the
        #$GregorianCalendar (q.v.).

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'May' in WordNet:
  1. (30) May - (the month following April and preceding June)

Super-classes Month^c

Mayonnaise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mayonnaise`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mayonnaise' in WordNet: 1. (1) mayonnaise, mayo - (egg yolks and oil and vinegar)`
Super-classes	Spread^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value HensEgg^c

Mayor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mayor`
Description	CYC: city leader. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mayor' in WordNet: 1. (9) mayor, city manager - (the head of a city government)`
Super-classes	ElectedOfficial^c CityOfficial^c PolicyMaker^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value City^c
Sub-classes	US_Mayor^c

Mayoral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mayoral`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mayoral' in Wordnet: 1. mayoral - (of or relating to a mayor or the office of mayor; 'mayoral elections')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Maze^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Maze`
Description	This is a generic ''Maze'' that includes structures with tunnels, paths between hedges in a Garden, and images of connected lines printed on a piece of paper with paths from the center to the outside of the image. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maze' in WordNet: 1. (2) maze, labyrinth - (complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost)`
Super-classes	Puzzle-Generic^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some ProblemToBeSolved^c

Meadow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meadow

Description

A ''Meadow''is a ''Grassland'' where some 'grasses' are grown to be processed into hay.

     CYC: a wild grassy area

    RHW:  1. a tract of grassland used for pasture or serving as a hayfield.
    RHW 'meadowland':
      an area or section of land that is a meadow or is used or kept as a meadow.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meadow' in WordNet:
         1. (6) hayfield, meadow - 
            (a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay)

Super-classes Grassland^c
Field^c

Meager^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meager

Description

Something ''Meager'' may be 'barely sufficient' but not 'inadequate' for one purpse, while being insufficient for some related, more demanding purpose, therfore being ''Unsatisfactory'' to the Agent who wants the ''Meager'' thing. Vaguely related to ''Dficient'' and ''Insufficient''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meager' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) meager, meagre, meagerly, stingy, scrimpy -
            (deficient in amount or quality or extent; "meager resources"; "meager fare")

Super-classes Unsatisfactory^c
SufficiencyValue^c
Deficient^c

Meagerly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meagerly

Description

''Meagerly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'meagerly' in Wordnet:
          1. meagerly, sparingly, slenderly, meagrely - (to a meager degree or in a meager manner;
             'these voices are meagerly represented at the conference';
             'the area is slenderly endowed with natural resources')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Meal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meal`
Description	COSMO note: 'Meal' is interpreted as the sum of the food items that is eaten as a single Event. This is therefore a Role that the food plays. A ''Meal'' is considered as one of the main eating events of a day, typically no more than three (See breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper). In cotrast a 'Snack' is not considered a 'meal' and can be in very small portions, and eaten many times a day. For the actual event of eating some meal, use 'EatingEvent' or It subtypes 'EatingaMeal'' or 'Dining'. `For 'meal' the coarsely ground plant material used as a food ingredient, use ''Meal Cyc: The foods and drinks that make up the group of things consumed when a person or group of people eat a meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meal' in WordNet: 1. (20) meal, repast - (the food served and eaten at one time)`
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c Role^c
Sub-classes	PicnicMeal^c BuffetMeal^c Dinner^c Lunch^c Breakfast^c MultiCourseMeal^c Supper^c Brunch^c

MealIsReady^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MealIsReady`
Description	Each 'MealIsReady' is a 'ProcessStage' that is the last stage (i.e. the ''FinalState'') of a 'CookingFood' Event.
Super-classes	FoodIsReady^c FinalState^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some CookingFood^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523IsReady

MealTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MealTime`
Description	''MealTime'' is the time interval at which a meal is taken,or customarily taken. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mealtime' in WordNet: 1. mealtime - (the hour at which a meal is habitually or customarily eaten)`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Sub-classes	LunchTime^c DinnerTime^c

Mean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mean`
Description	Mean-spirited, tending to be malicious to other people. `This corresponds to senses 2 and 3 of 'mean' in WordNet: 2. (6) hateful, mean - (characterized by malice; 'a hateful thing to do'; 'in a mean mood') 3. (3) base, mean, meanspirited - (having or showing an ignoble lack of honor or morality; 'that liberal obedience without which your army would be a base rabble'- Edmund Burke; 'taking a mean advantage'; 'chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort'- Shakespeare; 'something essentially vulgar and meanspirited in politics')`
Super-classes	BadlyBehaved^c
Sub-classes	Nasty^c

Meandering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meandering`
Description	''Meandering'' is a type of ''Wandering'' in which a Person or some path 'moves' in a 'sinuous' direction, turning as thuugh randomly in one direction, then another. `NOTE: a Path does not literally move', so using these terms for paths this must be viewed as a metaphorical usage. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'meander' in WordNet: 1. (1) weave, wind, thread, meander, wander - (to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course; "the river winds through the hills"; "the path meanders through the vineyards"; "sometimes, the gout wanders through the entire body")`
Super-classes	Wandering^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (AnimalType^c or Animal^c or Path-Generic^c)

Meaning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meaning`
Description	A 'Meaning' is the set of Propositions which form the logical content of what a speaker intended to convey in some Communication or Text. The restriction requires that the communication be specified; this type represents the content of the communication. The meaning of 'meaning' is a subject of much debate. For this purpose, this type assumes that there is a set of logical propositions in the speakers mind that the speaker intends to represent in a communication; that set of Propositions is what is represented by this type. Where 'meaning' is expected to include some procedural representation of actions, it will be necessary to at least have available functions that can perform either calculations on a virtual reality module, or actual sensor and effector actions in the real world. That is beyond the OWL representation. Here a 'meaning' is some form of logical representation, which may or may not include procedural calls. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'meaning' in WordNet: 1. (48) meaning, significance, signification, import - (the message that is intended or expressed or signified; 'what is the meaning of this sentence'; 'the significance of a red traffic light'; 'the signification of Chinese characters'; 'the import of his announcement was ambiguous') 'What is the meaning of this proverb?')
Super-classes	Proposition^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some (Communication^c or TextualMaterial^c or AbstractText^c)
Sub-classes	Mention^c Implication^c LogicalContent^c SymbolicMeaning^c Interpretation^c IntendedMeaning^c Summary^c MoralOfaStory^c Nuance^c WordSense^c Symbolization^c

Meaningful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meaningful

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute of linguistic or logical assertions that asserts that the assertion evaluated is coherent,and has some meaningful interpretation, that is not obviously contradicted by reliable observation.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meaningful' in WordNet:
           1. (8) meaningful - (having a meaning or purpose; 'a meaningful explanation';
           'a meaningful discussion'; 'a meaningful pause')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c
Salient^c

Means^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Means`
Description	This ''Means'' is the generic ''Resource'' that enables a ''IntelligentAgent'' to perform some ''PurposefulAction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'means' in WordNet: 2. (11) means - (an instrumentality for accomplishing some end)`
Super-classes	Resource^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	FinancialMeans^c

Meantime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meantime`
Description	'The 'Meantime'' is a TimeInterval between one Event and another Event during which some other Event happens (or doesn't) `fill-in temp alternative acting temporary stand-in replacement Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meantime' in WordNet: 1. interim, meantime, meanwhile, lag - (the time between one event, process, or period and another; 'meanwhile the socialists are running the government')`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c TimeInterval^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some PairOfEvents^c
Sub-classes	DownTime^c

Measles^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Measles

Description

A highly contagious childhood disease characterized by red spots on the skin. One attack confers lifelong immunity.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'measles' in WordNet:
          1. measles, rubeola, morbilli - 
              (an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by
              distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children)

Super-classes ViralInfection^c
ContagiousDisease^c

Measles-Virus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Measles-Virus`
Description	The specialization of #$Virus that causes #$Measles in #$HomoSapiens.
Super-classes	PathogenicVirus^c

Measurable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Measurable

Description

''Measurable'' is an AttributeValue of a some AttributeType (Length, Mass) that can be assiged a quantitative value by a ''Measuring'' Action.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'measurable' in WordNet:
        1. (4) measurable, mensurable - (capable of being measured; 'measurable depths')

Super-classes Perceivable^c

MeasurableQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasurableQuantity`
Description	COSMO note: A MeasurableQuantity is some attribute of which a number (or other quantifier) is a part, and also has a unit of measure. This is disjoint from pure numbers. Cyc: A specialization of #$Quantity (q.v.). This is the collection of quantities that have a numeric component and could actually be used to measure something, as opposed to (say) merely ranking it on a scale. Arithmetic operations (such as addition and multiplication) can be performed on measurable quantities, as they can on purely numeric scalars (see #$NumericInterval). Specializations of #$MeasurableQuantity include #$Distance, #$Temperature, #$Mass, and #$Time-Quantity. Other, broader specializations are #$OneDimensionalQuantity, #$TwoDimensionalQuantity, and #$ThreeDimensionalQuantity. Any quantity (that at least in principle could be) returned by a #$UnitOfMeasure (q.v.) function is a measurable quantity. In CycL, particular measurable quantities are usually represented as the result of applying a unit-of-measure function to a real number or pair of reals. For example, (#$Meter 5) is the distance 5 meters. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'measure', sense 3 of 'amount' and sense 1 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify)
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c Quantity^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op only Measurement^c
Sub-classes	RelativeQuantity^c Limit^c AvailableQuantity^c Percentage Monetary Amount^c StatisticalMeasure^c QuantityOfStuff^c DesiredQuantity^c UnitOfMeasure^c WaveIntensityMeasure^c Extent^c MeasuredQuantity^c Finite^c PhysicalQuantity^c RatioQuantity^c DuctilityMeasure^c Viscosity^c MoneyMeasure^c Amplitude^c
In range of	hasRemainingSupply^op

MeasurableQuantityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasurableQuantityType`
Description	MeasurableQuantityType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for MeasurableQuantities, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on MeasurableQuantity types. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c
Members	PressureMeasure WindDirection MassDensityMeasure DirectionMeasure Torque MeasurableQuantity MinuteDuration DesiredQuantity UnitOfMeasure Mile VolumeMeasure CompassDirection-NSEW Clockwise BiomassMeasure RateUnit TotalTimeDuration FootLength FrequencyPerDay DirectionOfRotation VariableLengthMeasure Afterlife Impetus BitsPerSecond Wavelength TimeDuration AgeValue TimeMeasure SpeedOfSound ImportDuty ChargeMeasure AreaMeasure LightYear AvailableQuantity FrequencyPerYear LifeSpan EnergyMeasure NumericalDensityMeasure MoneyMeasure ConcentrationMeasure HeightMeasure PlaneAngleMeasure CyclesPerSecondMeasure Counterclockwise NumericalCompassDirection Tariff Frequency Commission-Fee RestMassMeasure PricePerTimeUnit BudgetDeficit RateOfFlow Force CGSUnitOfMeasure SpeedMeasure LongDistance Radian AudiblePitch Radius YardLength PricePerUnit OrientationMeasure AccountBalance AerodynamicResistance Person-Hour VoiceKey SolidAngleMeasure LengthMeasure RoyaltyFee InflationRate AvailableTime DensityMeasure Pitch Thrust HardnessMeasureMohs MeasuredQuantity DirectionOfMotion Centimeter TemperatureMeasure Weight MassMeasure StatisticalMeasure AmountPerTime Productivity PhysicalQuantity NowTillDeadline RatioQuantity Deficit TimeDuration-Years

MeasurableTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasurableTimeInterval`
Description	''MeasurableTimeInterval'' is added to align with BFO 'TemporalInterval'. The BFO 'TemporalInterval' is intended to be disjoint with a time point, so this is added to allow that disjointness to be expressed and still allow COSMO ''TimePoint''
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	TodayAndTomorrow^c ALittleWhile^c BroadcastingBlackout^c Years^c Intermission^c TermOfOffice^c StationBreak^c Overtime^c Honeymoon^c RemainingTimeInterval^c NextTenYears^c MiddleOfaTimeInterval^c Postponement^c ThePresent^c DownTime^c FestivalTime^c PrimeTime^c Halftime^c WorkTime^c SecondInterval^c FootballHalftime^c Century^c EventIndexedTimeInterval^c Wartime^c Lapse^c Nowadays^c Vacation^c SeventhInningStretch^c Millenium^c Era^c WorkingHours^c NextFiveYears^c Meantime^c Minute^c Weekend^c TimeSlot^c

MeasureType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasureType`
Description	MeasureType is a metatype which is a specialization of rdfs:Class that can serve as type for measures and an argument restriction for relations concerning types of measure (Length, Temperature, Color). `An instance of 'MeasureType' may be, in addition to a subtype of QuantitativeAttributeValue, a subtype of 'DimensionlessRatio'. MeasureType instances may be either AttributeTypes or AttributeValues. It may be better to distinguish the two, but as of v. 0.46, the same metaclass is used for the two different aspects of quantitative attributes. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c InheritableType^c
In range of	impliesMeasure^op expressesMeasure^op quantifiesMeasure^op
Members	VoltageMeasure BitsPerSecond Wavelength Possible SpeedOfSound ImportDuty SoluteSolventUnit BirthRate SpeedOverGround Bit ChargeMeasure AreaMeasure Gram LightYear PoundMass PowerUnit CoriolisForce FrequencyPerYear Uncertain Impossible Debatable MoneyMeasure ProbabilityOfOutcome ConcentrationMeasure ProbabilityOfLoss PlaneAngleMeasure CyclesPerSecondMeasure Tariff RestMassMeasure AccelerationRate EnergyUnit ElectromagneticUnit RateOfFlow AverageCourseGrade Force SpeedMeasure LongDistance Meter Probable ProbabilityPerTimeUnit RateOfDescent Questionable NumericalDensityMeasure YardLength PricePerUnit Inch FrequencyUnit AccountBalance AerodynamicResistance Plausible VoiceKey HeightMeasure Stone-Mass BettingOdds LengthMeasure RoyaltyFee Frequency Commission-Fee Pitch Thrust PricePerTimeUnit HardnessMeasureMohs RateMeasure Probability HeatUnit TemperatureMeasure Weight IncidenceRate MassMeasure AmountPerTime AudiblePitch Productivity Radius AverageSpeed Certainty VeryUnlikely StatisticalSignificance Byte MusicalTempo Pace MassDensityMeasure Torque Angstrom Mile VolumeMeasure Possibility DensityMeasure Unlikely BiomassMeasure VoltAmpere FootLength FrequencyPerDay TerminalVelocity VerbalProbability Impetus MedianValue LogicallyContradictory

Measured^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Measured`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'measured' in Wordnet: 1. (10) measured - (determined by measurement; 'the measured distance was less than a mile')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

MeasuredQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasuredQuantity`
Description	Each instance of a 'MeasuredQuantity' is the value of a MeasurableQuantity that has been determined by a 'measuring' action. `Diff from ''Measurement''?? Each 'MeasuredQuantity' is part of the information represented by a 'MeasurementResult', which may include other information related to the measuring process or context. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'measure', sense 3 of 'amount' and sense 1 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify)`
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c MeasurableQuantity^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op only MeasurementResult^c hasAbstractRepresentation^op only Measurement^c isAssessedBy^op value Measuring^c

Measurement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Measurement`
Description	A Measurement is an OrderedPair generated as the result of a ''Measuring'' Event. It is an abstract representation of a MeasurableQuantity. Each instance of Measurement is an OrderedPair in which the first element is a UnitOfMeasure or other Quantifiable AttributeValue, and the second element is a quantity expressing some kind of magnitude associated with that UnitOfMeasure. The magnitude will typically be a number indicating, for example, how many individuals have that attribute, or a percentage indicating what fraction of a group have that Attribute. A Prevalence will typically be one element of a Distribution. @ToDo: this type represents the number that is a Measurement, and therefore any two Measurements that represent the same number are identical. Another sense of 'measurement' is the Result of a 'Measuring' action. This result consists not only of the Measurement number itself, but also the fact that the number obtained pertains to a certain thing measured; this result is represented in COSMO as a 'MeasurementResult' which is a LinguisticAssertion asserting that the Measurement pertains to some entity. NOTE that a Measurement does not have to use actual numbers in the 'Quantifier' field - a Measurement may be approximate, using quantities like 'High', 'Low', etc. qualifying an AttributeValue, but it does have to modify a unit of measure. This sense seems close to the intended meaning of WN 'measure' noun sense 3: 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify)
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isAssessedBy^op value Measuring^c hasSecondElement^op some Quantifier^c hasFirstElement^op some UnitOfMeasure^c
Sub-classes	RateMeasure^c MassMeasurement^c VoltageMeasure^c

MeasurementError^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasurementError`
Description	MeasurementError is another phrase to express the notion of 'ConfidenceInterval'. This is a possible error, not a known error.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

MeasurementResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasurementResult`
Description	A MeasurementResult is the information obtained as a result of performing a Measuring. This information will include a 'MeasuredQuantity' as well possibly other related information, such as the possible error range, time of measurement, device used, agent doing the measuring, etc. Information can be represented as a LinguisticAssertion or as a Proposition; this type is a LinguisticAssertion. Instances of this type can serve as the object of the relation ''hadInformationTransferred'' in any case where the information derived from a measurement is to be conveyed to some place or Agent. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'result' and to noun sense 3 of 'measure' in WordNet: 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') WN noun 'measure': 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify)
Super-classes	TestResult^c LinguisticAssertion^c FactualText^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some Measurement^c isAssessedBy^op value Measuring^c isaRepresentationOf^op some MeasurableQuantity^c
Sub-classes	TemperatureMeasurementResult^c ConcentrationMeasurementResult^c

MeasurementSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasurementSystem`
Description	A 'MeasurementSystem' is a system of rules and methods that serve to define units of measurement to quantify properties of Objects, whether abstract or Physical. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'metric' in WordNet: 3. system of measurement, metric - (a system of related measures that facilitates the quantification of some particular characteristic)`
Super-classes	Specification^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetricSystem

MeasurementUncertainty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasurementUncertainty`
Description	MeasurementUncertainty is just another phrase to express the notion of 'ConfidenceInterval'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

Measuring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Measuring`
Description	An Observation that allows the Observer to determine the quantitative value of some Attribute of something (object, Event). This Action results in a Measurement. This type is restricted to measuring actions that use some physical device. The restriction requires that the device used be an instance of MeasuringDevice or MeasuringDeviceType, but does not need to be specified; the restriction requires that the type of resulting measurement be specified. Note that when a Measurement is performed automatically by an instrument (perhaps automatically transmitting the result to a database), the 'Observer' is the IntelligentAgent that installed the device, or requested that the device be installed. In Cyc called 'MeasuringSomething' Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction. Each instance of #$MeasuringSomething is an event in which an agent uses a physical device to measure some physical attribute of a tangible object. The last part of such an event involves the perception (and perhaps recording) of a result of the measurement (see the predicate #$measurementResult) by some instance of #$PerceptualAgent. See also the function #$MeasurementFn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'measure' and noun sense 1 of 'measurement' in WordNet: WN noun 'measure' 1. (8) measurement, measuring, measure, mensuration - (the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule; 'the measurements were carefully done'; 'his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate') WN verb 'measure' 1. (69) measure, mensurate, measure out - (determine the measurements of something or somebody, take measurements of; 'Measure the length of the wall')
Super-classes	TestingEvent^c Observing^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some MeasurementResult^c hasResult^op some Measurement^c hadObjectMeasured^op only (Object^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or Group^c or MeasuringDevice^c or MeasuringDeviceType^c) usedDevice^op only (Object^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or Group^c or MeasuringDevice^c or MeasuringDeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	Estimating^c Metering^c MeasuringTemperature^c MedicalTesting^c MedicalTest^c Timing^c Quizzing^c AnalyticalTest^c Weighing^c Bioassay^c SurveyingLand^c

MeasuringCup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasuringCup`
Description	A ''MeasuringCup'' is hand-held and seldo has a volume greater than one pint (half a liter). `CYC: a cup which measures volume Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'measuring cup' in WordNet: 1. measuring cup - (graduated cup used for measuring ingredients)`
Super-classes	FoodVessel^c MeasuringDevice^c FoodUtensil^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PreparingFoodOrDrink^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Graduated^c

MeasuringDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasuringDevice`
Description	$MeasuringDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$MeasuringDevice is a device used for measuring some quantity such as #$Distance, #$Volume, #$Temperature, etc. Specializations of #$MeasuringDevice include #$Thermometer, #$Scale-MeasuringDevice, and #$Odometer.) SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is to measure a PhysicalQuantity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'measuring device' in WordNet: 1. (1) measuring instrument, measuring system, measuring device - (instrument that shows the extent or amount or quantity or degree of something)
Super-classes	Instrument^c Device^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	Thermometer^c PrecisionInstrument^c RadarUnit^c Sextant^c Radiosonde^c MeasuringCup^c LengthMeasuringDevice^c Timepiece^c MeasuringSpoon^c MeteringDevice^c Barometer^c Scale-MeasuringDevice^c Windsock^c SonarDevice^c Gauge^c

MeasuringDeviceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasuringDeviceType`
Description	MeasuringDeviceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for MeasuringDevices, and an argument restriction for various relations on MeasuringDevice types. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	Timer Galvanometer LengthMeasuringDevice Sextant MeasuringDevice Radiosonde TapeMeasure MeasuringSpoon MeasuringCup Caliper Yardstick PrecisionInstrument Stopwatch Metronome Thermometer Barometer Compass Scale-MeasuringDevice WristWatch Ruler GyroCompass Voltmeter Clock AlarmClock Sandglass RadarUnit Watch SonarDevice Balance Gauge Timepiece MeteringDevice Hourglass

MeasuringSpoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasuringSpoon`
Description	Little spoons of varying sizes used to measure cooking ingredients, medicine, etc.
Super-classes	FoodVessel^c Spoon^c MeasuringDevice^c
Sub-classes	TeaSpoon-MeasuringTool^c

MeasuringTemperature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeasuringTemperature`
Description	''MeasuringTemperature'' is an Observation that allows the Observer to determine the value of the Temperature of some Object or substance (e.g. the ambient Air, or some liquid or solid object or a Person's body).
Super-classes	Measuring^c
Restrictions	produces^op some TemperatureMeasurementResult^c hasResult^op some TemperatureMeasure^c

Meat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meat`
Description	SUMO: Any Food which was originally part of the muscle tissue of an Animal and is not ingested by drinking. Note that this class covers both raw meat and meat that has been prepared in some way, e.g. by cooking. Note too that preparations involving a combination of Meat and FruitOrVegetable are classed directly under Food, not as subtypes of this Type. 'Animal' in this case is a Mammal, Bird, Amphibian, or Reptile. Any other animals produce 'meat'?? NOTE that whole animals, even though they may be eaten by other animals, are not categorized as 'Meat'. NOTE that one meaning of 'meat' that distinguishes it from fish is not a sense in either RHW or WordNet: 'you can't eat meat on Fridays'. In COSMO 'Fish-TheFood' is not a subtype of 'Meat' and therefore preserves this common variant meaning. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'meat' (not including fish flesh) in WordNet: 1. (4) meat - - (the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food)
Super-classes	SolidFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	GameMeat^c CannedMeat^c GroundMeat^c Sausage^c ChickenMeat^c Veal^c LunchMeat^c Mutton^c Beef^c Seafood^c Pork^c

MeatBearingAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeatBearingAnimal`
Description	A ''MeatBearingAnimal'' is a ''FoodBearingOrganism'' from which ''Meat'' (muscle tissue) can be obtained that serves as ''Food''. This excludes insects.
Super-classes	NaturalResource^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Meat^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	Shrimp^c TomTurkey^c Poultry^c DomesticCattle^c Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal^c Lobster^c

MeatMixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeatMixture`
Description	A dish consisting mostly of Meat.
Super-classes	SolidFood^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	Hash^c

MeatObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeatObject`
Description	A ''MeatObject'' is a SolidFoodObject consisting of meat, raw or cooked, whether in situ in an Animal or having been removed by some process..
Super-classes	MoistObject^c SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	Chop-MeatCut^c RoastedFoodObject^c CutOfMeat^c Steak^c

Mechanical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mechanical

Description

''Mechanical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Machinery'' or activities dependent on Machinery. Refers to objects or actions in which some object exerts force on another. Contrasts with 'electronic'.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'mechanical' in WordNet:
       1. (10) mechanical - (using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices;
         'a mechanical process'; 'his smile was very mechanical'; 'a mechanical toy')
       2. (2) mechanical, mechanically skillful - (relating to or concerned with 
         machinery or tools; 'mechanical arts'; 'mechanical design'; 'mechanical skills')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MechanicalAutoPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MechanicalAutoPart`
Description	A specialization of #$AutoPart and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$MechanicalAutoPart is an object with moving parts that is designed to be a physical part of a car.
Super-classes	AutoPart^c MechanicalDevice^c
Sub-classes	CarDoor^c SteeringWheel^c Tailgate^c RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor^c Alternator^c

MechanicalComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MechanicalComponent`
Description	A MechanicalDevice that is designed to function as part of a larger MechanicalDevice. `An MechanicalComponent will have a separate existence at some point in the manufacturing process even if every instance of a particular type of MechanicalComponent is inserted into the larger object. Examples are: Automobile wheels, vehicle doors, Belt-Mechanical, etc..`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c EngineeringComponent^c MechanicalDevice^c
Sub-classes	Piston^c Ratchet^c Gearshift^c PistonChamber^c RotatableComponent^c Belt-Mechanical^c

MechanicalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MechanicalDevice`
Description	A Device that has internal moving parts, and performs its intended function primarily by causing physical objects to move. Each MechanicalDevice has an internal Mechanism. A MechanicalDevice can have sophisticated electronics use to control it, but its primary function must be to do something mechanical. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'machine' and sense 5 of 'mechanism' in WordNet, and excludes purely electronic devices, though a 'MechanicalDevice' may be powered by electricity and may have electronic controls.: in WordNet: 1. (600) machine - (any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks) WN 'mechanism': 5. mechanism - (device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function) WN noun 'mechanical device': 1. mechanical device - (mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principles)
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	Pump^c SlotMachine^c NuclearReactor^c TriggeringMechanism^c HoseClamp^c GrindingMachine^c Robot^c Swivel^c SimpleMachine^c Carburetor^c SewingMachine^c Gun^c Bumper^c WhirlpoolTub^c Motor^c C-Clamp^c JigDevice^c TowedWeapon^c ATMMachine^c ConveyorBelt^c SafetySeatBelt^c Propeller^c MediaPlayingDevice^c Escalator^c PistonChamber^c FarmMachine^c VendingMachine^c Lock^c SnowBlower^c ManufacturingMachine^c CameraShutter^c SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice^c MagneticDevice^c Vise^c SkiLift^c Sprinkler^c Splint^c LiftingDevice^c Simulator^c Gyroscope^c PowerTool^c MouseTrap^c MechanicalComponent^c PrintingDevice^c ElectricalGenerator^c AssemblyOfMachineParts^c MechanicalAutoPart^c Turbine^c StrikingPartOfTool^c Umbrella^c

MechanicalDrawing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MechanicalDrawing`
Description	A ''Drawing-Depiction'' that is composed of lines, that is a representation of someDevice or Structure that is to be manufactured. Drawn 'to scale'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanical drawing' in WordNet: 1. mechanical drawing - (scale drawing of a machine or architectural plan etc,)`
Super-classes	Drawing-Depiction^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some ArtifactObjectType^c isProducedByEventType^op value MakingaMechanicalDrawing^c
Sub-classes	ArchitecturalDrawing^c

MechanicalEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MechanicalEnergy`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of mechanical energy - the energy of things in motion . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanical energy' in WordNet: 1. (1) mechanical energy - (energy in a mechanical form)`
Super-classes	Energy^c
Sub-classes	WindEnergy^c KineticEnergy^c

MechanicalPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MechanicalPhenomenon`
Description	A ''MechanicalPhenomenon'' is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' exhibited by force and motion relations of PhysicalObjects, mostly applied to solid objects exerting force on each other, whether or not causing ''Motion''. ''Gravity'' is included as the phenomenon caused by the field generated by PhysicalObjects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanical phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. mechanical phenomenon - (a physical phenomenon associated with the equilibrium or motion of objects)`
Super-classes	NaturalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Mechanics^c
Sub-classes	Leverage^c

MechanicalResistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MechanicalResistance`
Description	''MechanicalResistance''is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' that is a ''Force' that resists ('''hinders'') the motion of some ''PhysicalObject'' (including a quantity of a Fluid). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'resistance' in WordNet: 2. (4) resistance - (any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPhenomenon^c PhysicalForce^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Motion^c
Sub-classes	Drag^c Friction^c

Mechanics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mechanics`
Description	''Mechanics'' is the science concerned with the motion of PhysicalObjects under various forces. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanics' in WordNet: 1. (3) mechanics - (the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference)`
Super-classes	Physics^c
Sub-classes	Dynamics^c

Mechanism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mechanism`
Description	The internal parts of a MechanicalDevice that cause the whole Device to perform its function. `This corresponds to sense 5 of 'mechanism' in WordNet: 5. mechanism - (device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some MechanicalDevice^c
Sub-classes	LockingMechanism^c Clockwork^c RotatingMechanism^c SteeringDevice^c

MechanizedCavalry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MechanizedCavalry`
Description	A ''MechanizedCavalry'' is a military unit that is referred to as 'Cavalry' but uses motorized vehicles such as tanks and other armored vehicles (but rarely horses) as a major part of its operations. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cavalry' in WordNet: 2. cavalry - (a highly mobile army unit)`
Super-classes	ArmyUnit^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Cavalryman^c uses^op value RoadVehicle^c

Medal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medal

Description

A ''Medal'' is an AwardSymbol that symbolizes that some person has been awarded some honor or achieved some distinction.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medal' in WordNet:
        1. (4) decoration, laurel wreath, medal, medallion, palm, ribbon -
          (an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event)

Super-classes AwardSymbol^c

Medalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medalist`
Description	A Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medalist' in WordNet: 1. medalist, medallist - (someone who has won a medal)
Super-classes	Awardee^c Winner^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WinningaMedal^c possesses^op value Medal^c

Meddling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meddling

Description

A ''SocialIntervening'' that is unwanted and may be to some extent resented by the second agent in whose affairs a first agent meddles.) This is a ''BadhThing'' from the poinnt of view of the second agent, though other agentsmay consider it a ''GodThing''.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'meddle' in WordNet:
          1. (1) meddle, tamper - (intrude in other people's affairs or business;
              interfere unwantedly; 'Don't meddle in my affairs!')

Super-classes SocialIntervening^c
BadThing^c

MediaOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediaOrganization`
Description	This collection is a subset of #$CommunicationsOrganization. Every instance of #$MediaOrganization exists for the purpose of disseminating information to the public (cf. #$MediaTransferEvent). Examples of #$MediaOrganization include radio stations, cable-TV providers, and publishing companies. A #$MediaOrganization may also create the #$MediaProducts it distributes. However, an organization that merely creates #$MediaProducts, but does not distribute them, is not a #$MediaOrganization. `SUMO: MediaOrganization is the subclass of Organization for groups whose primary purpose is the production or dissemination of media content. For organizations that physically enable Communication, see CommunicationOrganization.`
Super-classes	CommercialOrganization^c
Sub-classes	PeriodicalPublisher^c Publisher^c MagazineOrganization^c

MediaPlayingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediaPlayingDevice`
Description	A ''Device'' that can 'play' some kind of 'media' - tapes, phonograph records, CDs or DVDs. This is an ''ElectronicDevice'' and therefore excludes the old-fashioned gramophones which were exclusively mechanical, but includes electronic record players.. This type of Device does not just read the media, it converts the contained information into a form - sound or light - that can be perceived by the person operating or otherwise using it.
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value InformationTransferEvent^c uses^op value StoredInformationArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Jukebox^c iPod^c Phonograph^c

MediaProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediaProfessional`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each element of #$MediaProfessional is a person whose job is gathering, organizing, or disseminating information or entertainment for distribution through TV, radio, or newspaper. This collection includes journalists, sports announcers, news anchors, weathercasters, and all technical support staff such as camera operators, editors, etc.
Super-classes	ProfessionalPerson^c
Sub-classes	Scriptwriter^c NewsPhotographer^c Sportscaster^c Editor^c TVShowHost^c Broadcaster^c Journalist^c

MediaTransferEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediaTransferEvent`
Description	Print and radio-wave ''Medium''s CYC:A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$MassCommunicating. In every instance of #$MediaTransferEvent, a #$ConceptualWork is distributed to the public as a collection of #$InformationBearingThings (IBTs). Accordingly, every instance of #$MediaTransferEvent has two #$subEvents: (1) an instance of #$IBTGeneration-Replication, in which the IBTs are produced, and (2) an instance of #$TransferOut, in which the IBTs are distributed. Important subsets of #$MediaTransferEvent are #$PrintCirculationEvent and #$MediaTransmitting. In #$PrintCirculationEvents, the generated IBTs are #$HardcopyInformationBearingObjects, and the replication subEvent precedes the distribution subEvent. In #$MediaTransmitting, the IBTs are #$InformationBearingWavePropagations, and the replication subEvent is the same as the distribution subEvent. See also #$ConceptualWork and #$MediaProduct. Closes WN sense seems to be 'media' sense 10: 10. medium, mass medium - ((usually plural) transmissions that are disseminated widely to the public)
Super-classes	Disseminating^c MediumOfCommunication^c
Sub-classes	MediaTransmitting^c PublishingWrittenMaterial^c

MediaTransmitting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediaTransmitting`
Description	NOTE that ''MediaTransmitting'' here represents any form of communication of Information,that requires a Device to send and one to receive. CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$MediaTransferEvent and of #$Emission. In every instance of #$MediaTransmitting, a collection of intangible #$InformationBearingThings are transmitted and received by #$CommunicationDevices. These IBTs are NOT electrical signals, radio waves, or the like, but are constituted of sounds and/or images emitted by individual receiving devices and accessible to human senses. Subsets of #$MediaTransmitting include #$Broadcasting (via radio or TV) and #$TVTransmitting (via cable or broadcast)
Super-classes	MediaTransferEvent^c IBTGeneration-Replication^c Emission^c
Sub-classes	InternetPublishing^c TVTransmitting^c Broadcasting^c

Medial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medial`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medial' in Wordnet: 1. medial, median - (dividing an animal into right and left halves)`
Super-classes	BodyLocationAttribute^c

Median^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Median

Description

A ''Median'' is an attribute of sets of values of some data specifying a value that is above half of the values in the set.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'median' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) median, average - (relating to or constituting the middle value
            of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set
            with an even number of values); 'the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20'; 
               'the median income for the year was $15,000')

Super-classes QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

MedianValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedianValue`
Description	A ''MedianValue'' is a subtype of ''Average'' that is not a mathematical 'average' value, rather is a value in a distribution (set) of values where half the values are below and half are above the ''Median'' value. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'median value' in WordNet: 1. median, median value - (the value below which 50% of the cases fall)`
Super-classes	Average^c
Restrictions	isTheAverageOf^op value GroupOfNumbers^c

Mediating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mediating`
Description	''Mediating'' is a form of ''SocialIntervening'' that includes ''Negotiating'', in which an Agent (a ''Mediator'',often one Person) serves to assist two or more other parties resolve differences during a negotiation or dispute or discussion, to help them come to some agreement on the issues at hand. This may be done on behalf of one or both of the parties who are considering arriving at an agreement. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mediate' in WordNet: 1. (1) intercede, mediate, intermediate, liaise, arbitrate - (act between parties with a view to reconciling differences; 'He interceded in the family dispute'; 'He mediated a settlement') WN noun 'mediation': 2. mediation, intermediation - (the act of intervening for the purpose of bringing about a settlement)`
Super-classes	SocialIntervening^c Negotiating^c Action^c ServiceEvent^c HelpingAnAgent^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op min 2 isaSubEventOf^op value Negotiating^c isPerformedBy^op value Mediator^c
Sub-classes	ArbitratingaCase^c

Mediator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mediator`
Description	This ''Mediator'' is a more specific subtype of ''Intermediary'' for a Person who participates in a Negotiation between two parties who are trying to reach agreement on some disputed issue. This is not for ''Broker''s or real estate agents or other intermediaries in sales event, even if that includes a negotiation phase. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'mediator' in WordNet: 1. mediator, go-between, intermediator, intermediary, intercessor - (a negotiator who acts as a link between parties)`
Super-classes	Intermediary^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value Negotiating^c performsAction^op value Mediating^c
Sub-classes	Arbitrator^c

Medic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medic

Description

This ''Medic'' is any ''MedicalCareProfessional'' in the Armed Forces, whether a licensed Physician or an officer or an enlisted man. This includes nurses in the Armed Forces.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'medic' in WordNet:
           2. medical officer, medic - (a medical practitioner in the armed forces)

Super-classes MilitaryPerson^c
MedicalCareProfessional^c

Medical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medical`
Description	an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type or instance to Medicine or a MedicalCareEvent in some way; of or pertaining to Medicine. `Use subtype ''Medicinal'' for pertaining to medicines. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'historical' in WordNet: 1. (29) medical - (relating to the study or practice of medicine; 'the medical profession'; 'a medical student'; 'medical school')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Medicinal^c Clinical^c Causal^c BioMedical^c

MedicalAnalyticalTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalAnalyticalTest`
Description	A MedicalAnalyticalTest is an AnalyticalTest performed on a sample derived from the body of a human, with the purpose of determining the physiological condition of the person or of some part of the person. `This is the kind of test performed on a large scale by commercial clinical testing laboratories, as well as by hospitals and others. In cases where many samples are tested at once, as in automated testing, a single test can be an instance of this Type, and a full set of tests performed as part of a single action, as in a microarray, may also be considered as one instance of this Type, depending on the perspective of the information being analyzed.`
Super-classes	ClinicalAnalyticalTest^c MedicalTest^c
Sub-classes	Biopsy^c BloodTest^c

MedicalCareEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalCareEvent`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents any Event in which someone provides medical care to another person (not an animal), whether or not the one providing care is a medical profesional. This includes an annual checkup (i.e. a 'medical'). This is a stub and future refinements will distinguish different types of medical service. CYC: A collection of events. Each instance of #$MedicalCareEvent is an event in which a medical care professional provides a medical service to some human or animal patient(s). Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareEvent include #$MedicalTesting, #$HospitalCareEvent, and #$Surgery. Includes noun sense 1 of 'medical' in WordNet: 1. checkup, medical checkup, medical examination, medical exam, medical, health check - (a thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the age and sex and health of the person)
Super-classes	MedicalProcedure^c
Sub-classes	NursingaPerson^c MedicalTesting^c TherapeuticProcess^c DentalCareEvent^c MedicalTest^c MedicalExamination^c PostOperativeCare^c MedicalDiagnosis^c EmergencyMedicalTreatment^c

MedicalCareInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalCareInstitution`
Description	$MedicalCareInstitution is a specialization of `#$OrganizationWithIndividualClients and #$MedicalCareOrganization. Each instance of #$MedicalCareInstitution is a large organization that provides medical or psychiatric care and has facilities for human patients to stay at least overnight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical institution' in WordNet: 1. medical institution - (an institution created for the practice of medicine)`
Super-classes	MedicalCareOrganization^c Institution^c
Sub-classes	Hospital^c ClinicalInstitution^c

MedicalCareOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalCareOrganization`
Description	$MedicalCareOrganization is a specialization of #$HealthcareOrganization, #$MedicalCareProvider and #$ServiceOrganization. Each instance of #$MedicalCareOrganization is an organization that provides some kind of medical care (note that an instance of #$MedicalCareOrganization may be a sub-organization of a larger organization). Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareOrganization include #$MedicalCareInstitution, #$Hospital, and #$VeterinaryHospital. SUMO: Any Organization whose purpose is to provide medical care for for Humans who reside there, either permanently or temporarily.
Super-classes	MedicalCareProvider^c ServiceOrganization^c HealthcareOrganization^c
Sub-classes	MedicalClinic^c MedicalCareInstitution^c

MedicalCareProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalCareProfessional`
Description	A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$MedicalCareProfessional is a person whose occupation principally involves medical care of patients, including surgery, psychological care, physical therapy, practical nursing, and dispensing drugs. Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareProfessional include #$Doctor-Medical, #$Dentist, and #$Pharmacist. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical practitioner' in WordNet: 1. medical practitioner, medical man - (someone who practices medicine)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c HealthProfessional^c Graduate^c MedicalCareProvider^c
Sub-classes	NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional^c PhysicalTherapist^c Optometrist^c Psychoanalyst^c Veterinarian^c Pharmacist^c Prescriber^c Medic^c

MedicalCareProvider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalCareProvider`
Description	A specialization of #$SocialBeing instances of which are agents - either individuals or organizations -- who provide medical care in a professional capacity. Specializations of #$MedicalCareProvider include #$MedicalCareProfessional and #$MedicalCareOrganization.
Super-classes	SocialBeing^c Role^c
Sub-classes	MedicalCareOrganization^c MedicalCareProfessional^c

MedicalClinic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalClinic

Description

A medical organization composed of several doctors and support staff, but where the doctors are not the sole administrators.

        SUMO: A CareOrganization which provides medical care 
         on an out-patient basis only, i.e. there are no rooms where patients may take 
         up residence for a period of time while they receive care.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinic' in WordNet:
           1. clinic - (a medical establishment run by a group of medical specialists)

Super-classes MedicalCareOrganization^c

MedicalCompliance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalCompliance`
Description	''MedicalCompliance'' is the ''Compliance'' ''MedicalPatient'' obeys the recommendation(s) of hisher ''MedicalDoctor'', such as taking medications as recommended in a ''PrescribingMedication'' Action. ''MedicalCompliance'' can also involve abstaining from some substances, such a alcohol, cigarette, or caffeine as well as other substances that may have harmful effects for specific people. `The restriction ''wasaResponseToEvent'' can be modified to include any medical recommendation that can be fulfilled by this type of ''Compliance''.`
Super-classes	Compliance^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op value PrescribingMedication^c

MedicalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of tools. Instances of #$MedicalDevice are physical implements or tools which are normally used in the practice of medicine. These include hand-held tools used by medical professionals, including scalpels, dental tools, stethoscopes. Other examples of this collection include devices such as a hospital beds, casts, slings, x-ray devices, etc. `COSMO NOTE: in CYC a 'toothbrush' is also a MedicaDevice - OK, we use it as any device used for medica purposes, not just by professionals.`
Super-classes	Device^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	Splint^c ToothBrush^c Depressor^c ParingKnife^c HypodermicSyringe^c Endoscope^c Stethoscope^c Scalpel^c Bandage^c Orthotic^c Sphygmomanometer^c MedicalInstrument^c XRayPhotographicDevice^c ContraceptiveDevice^c DentalFloss^c MedicalThermometer^c

MedicalDiagnosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalDiagnosis`
Description	The action of figuring out what is wrong with someone's body, motivated by some symptom of illness. Instances of #$MedicalDiagnosis often involve instances of #$MedicalTesting. See also #$MedicalDiagnosisFn. `NOTE that one subtype is an ''Autopsy'', so the 'illness' motivating an ''Autopsy'' is Death. COSMO note: a ''MedicalTesting'' is not always necessary, as a diagnosis may sometimes be made solely by inspection. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'diagnose' (diagnostic analysis) in Wordnet: 2. (1) diagnose - (subject to a medical analysis) WN noun 'diagnosis': 1. (4) diagnosis, diagnosing - (identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon)`
Super-classes	InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c Diagnosing^c MedicalCareEvent^c
Sub-classes	Mammography^c Autopsy^c

MedicalDoctor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalDoctor`
Description	An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Doctor-Medical is a person with a certain type of education in the field of medicine (usually such a person has obtained an MD degree) who is professionally licensed to practice medicine. `The Profession of being a medical doctor, i.e. having attended medical school and being licensed to practice medicine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doctor' in WordNet: 1. (74) doctor, doc, physician, MD, Dr., medico - (a licensed medical practitioner; "I felt so bad I went to see my doctor")`
Super-classes	Licensed-Professional^c PersonWithOccupation^c Prescriber^c Graduate^c
Sub-classes	Clinician^c MedicalSpecialist^c Embryologist^c

MedicalExamination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalExamination`
Description	A 'MedicalExamination' is an Inspection of a Person's body for the purpose of diagnosing an ailment, or for a routine physical examination. This includes dental examinations and mental health evaluations. screen, test NOTE that the word 'examination' by itself does not appear in WordNet in this sense. `This corresponds to the WordNet term 'medical examination': in WordNet: WN: 1. checkup, medical checkup, medical examination, medical exam, medical, health check - (a thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the age and sex and health of the person)`
Super-classes	Scrutiny^c MedicalCareEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value MedicalTest^c
Sub-classes	RegularMedicalExam^c

MedicalExpenses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalExpenses`
Description	Each ''MedicalExpenses'' is a ''MoneyObject'' (a negative value) paid or owed for some ''MedicalCareEvent'', produced by a ''MedicalCareEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical expense' in WordNet: 1. medical expense - (amount spent for diagnosis or treatment or prevention of medical problems)`
Super-classes	Expenses^c MoneyLoss^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value MedicalCareEvent^c

MedicalFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalFacility`
Description	A ''MedicalFacility'' is a Building or part of a Buiding which is mostly or completely used for providing medical services for people. This includes both clinics and hospitals and buildings where Groups of physicians practice and provide services,
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value HealthCareEvent^c
Sub-classes	HospitalBuilding^c HospiceFacility^c

MedicalInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalInstrument`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical instrument' in WordNet: 1. medical instrument - (instrument used in the practice of medicine)`
Super-classes	MedicalDevice^c Instrument^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value MedicalCareEvent^c
Sub-classes	SurgicalInstrument^c

MedicalLotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalLotion`
Description	A ''MedicalLotion'' is any mostly liquid substance that is sold without a doctor's prescription.for application to the skin as a means to suppress pain or accelerate healing. This includes over-The-Counter lotions containing antibotics that do not require a prescription. This is not for cosmetic preparations or for sun blockers. `CYC 'Lotion': #$Lotion is a collection of lotions. Lotions are opaque, fluid, tangible stuff applied externally on the skin. Lotions are less viscous than creams. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lotion' in WordNet: 2. lotion, application - (liquid preparation having a soothing or antiseptic or medicinal action when applied to the skin; "a lotion for dry skin")`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c OverTheCounterDrug^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTreatAilment^op value AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	CalamineLotion^c

MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient`
Description	Each 'MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient' is an Animal (including NonHumanAnimals) that is being treated or diagnosed for some AilmentCondition, or is undergoing treatment or a routine health check. The distinction between human and non-human patients are made in the subtypes: ''MedicalPatient'' and ''VeterinaryPatient''. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'patient' in WordNet, but is broader as it include non-human veterinary patients: in WordNet: 1. (76) patient - (a person who requires medical care; 'the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly')`
Super-classes	Beneficiary^c RoleInAnEvent^c Animal^c
Sub-classes	VeterinaryPatient^c MedicalPatient^c

MedicalPatient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalPatient`
Description	Each 'MedicalPatient' is a ''Person'' who is being treated or diagnosed for some AilmentCondition, or is undergoing a routine health check or preventive measure (such as vaccination). This role is for a human; for a veterinary patient use ''VeterinaryPatient. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'patient' but is broader than suggested by the gloss, as it includes the patients in routine check-ups and preventive and precautionary measures. in WordNet: 1. (76) patient - (a person who requires medical care; 'the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly')`
Super-classes	Person^c MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient^c
Restrictions	wasThePatientInAction^op some HealthCareEvent^c isaParticipantIn^op some HealthCareEvent^c
Sub-classes	Outpatient^c Inpatient^c Abstainer^c

MedicalProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalProcedure`
Description	CYC: The collection of medical procedures, including diagnosis and treatment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical procedure' in WordNet: 1. medical procedure - (a procedure employed by medical or dental practitioners)`
Super-classes	HealthCareEvent^c
Sub-classes	Abortion^c MedicalCareEvent^c

MedicalPrognosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalPrognosis`
Description	A ''MedicalPrognosis'' is a 'Prediction' about the likely course of some ''AilmentCondition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical prognosis' in WordNet: 1. prognosis, prospect, medical prognosis - (a prediction of the course of a disease)`
Super-classes	Prognosis^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some AilmentCondition^c

MedicalRemedy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalRemedy`
Description	A ''MedicalRemedy'' is a Role played by anything (e.g. drug or physical therapy or psychiatric therapy or faith healing) that can or is used in an attempt (not necessarily successful) to cure some form of ''AilmentCondition'' . `This has little inherent semantics, but is used to combine TherapeuticProcesses with Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'remedy' in WordNet: 2. (1) remedy, curative, cure, therapeutic - (a medicine or therapy that cures disease or relieve pain)`
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTreatAilment^op some AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	DrugSubstance^c TherapeuticProcess^c PallativeRemedy^c

MedicalSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalSchool`
Description	Cyc: Schools that grant medical degrees, whose students usually end up as medical doctors. `SUMO: A GraduateSchool that is devoted to MedicalScience and that grants the degree of doctor of medicine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical school' in WordNet: 1. (3) medical school, school of medicine - (a graduate school offering study leading to a medical degree)`
Super-classes	SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting^c GraduateSchool^c
Restrictions	teaches^op value Medicine^c

MedicalScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalScience`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical science' in WordNet: 1. (1) medical science - (the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease)`
Super-classes	LifeScience^c
Sub-classes	Medicine^c

MedicalSpecialist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalSpecialist`
Description	A 'MedicalSpecialist' is a Physician who practises one branch of medicine almost exclusively, and is licensed to practise that branch.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'specialist' in WordNet: 2. (1) specialist, medical specialist - - (practices one branch of medicine)`
Super-classes	MedicalDoctor^c Specialist^c
Sub-classes	Radiologist^c Proctologist^c Allergist^c Surgeon^c Laryngologist^c Pathologist^c Neurologist^c Otologist^c Podiatrist^c Toxicologist^c Immunologist^c Internist^c PhysicalTherapist^c Anesthesiologist^c Gastroenterologist^c Dermatologist^c Hematologist^c Psychiatrist^c Pediatrician^c Chiropractor^c Orthopedist^c Ophthalmologist^c Cardiologist^c Obstetrician^c Gynecologist^c Urologist^c Endocrinologist^c

MedicalSymptom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalSymptom`
Description	A ''MedicalSymptom'' is a ''Symptom'' of some ''AilmentCondition''. This is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' that is a ''Sign'' of another ''PhysiologicalCondition'' - but does not necessarily mean that that other condition actually exists, it is an indication that it might exist or is liely to exist, and the probability of existence (from barely possible to almost certain) of the condition suggested varies with the type of symptom and the number and pattern of the symptoms. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'symptom' in Wordnet: 1. (9) symptom - ((medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease)`
Super-classes	ObservableThing^c AnimalActivity^c Symptom^c
Restrictions	isaSignOf^op some AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	Hiccup^c Sneezing^c HavingBloodyStools^c Numbness^c Jaundice^c Heartburn^c Dizziness^c Congestion^c

MedicalTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalTest`
Description	A TestingEvent performed on an animal (usually a Person) or on some sample of material obtained from the animal, in order to discover some information related to the physiological condition of the animal. `NOTE that this action is not necessarily a diagnosis, as it may be performed as part of a routine physical check-up. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'test' in WordNet: 2. (103) test, trial, run - (the act of testing something; 'in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately'; 'he called each flip of the coin a new trial')`
Super-classes	Measuring^c MedicalCareEvent^c TestingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMeasured^op only (Object^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ClinicalTrial^c MedicalAnalyticalTest^c

MedicalTesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalTesting`
Description	A specialization of #$MedicalCareEvent, #$InformationGathering and #$Evaluating. Each instance of #$MedicalTesting is a test performed by some #$IntelligentAgent on a #$MedicalPatient (or, often, on a sample taken from the patient's body) in order to gather information about the patient's general state of health, in order to help in making a diagnosis, or in order to determine or monitor the severity of a known condition of the patient. Instances of #$MedicalTesting include individual blood tests, as well as individual MRIs. See also #$MedicalDiagnosis.
Super-classes	Evaluating^c Measuring^c ExperimentalTest^c InformationGathering^c MedicalCareEvent^c AnalyzingSomething^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c
Sub-classes	BloodPressureTest^c BloodTest^c

MedicalThermometer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalThermometer`
Description	Thermometers that are normally used for medical purposes. This may be reered to as a 'oral thermometer'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinical thermometer' in WordNet: 1. clinical thermometer, mercury-in-glass clinical thermometer - (a mercury thermometer designed to measure the temperature of the human body; graduated to cover a range a few degrees on either side of the normal body temperature)`
Super-classes	Thermometer^c MedicalDevice^c
Sub-classes	OralThermometer^c

MedicalTreatmentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicalTreatmentType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of 'ServiceEvent' as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	ServiceEventType^c
Members	Acupuncture PhysicalTherapy CuringEvent TherapeuticProcess Surgery DentalCareEvent DrugTherapy StitchingAWound PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth VaginalAdministration HospiceCare Chiropractic Rehabilitation PlasticSurgery CosmeticSurgery Injecting-Intrathecal OptionalSurgery AnalAdministration EmergencyMedicalTreatment Overdosing AdministeringaDrug Chemotherapy Massaging Injecting-Subcutaneous Injecting-Intramuscular Psychotherapy SurgicalTreatment MedicalCareEvent SterilizingAnAnimal Injecting-Intravenous Castrating Biofeedback OralAdministration FaceLift Psychoanalysis NursingaPerson

Medically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medically

Description

''Medical'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that pertain to actions,effects, or criteria involving ''Medicine'' or medical treatments of any kind.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'medically' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) medically - (involving medical practice; 
            'medically trained nurses'; 'medically correct treatment')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Medicinal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medicinal

Description

an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to some Medicine; related to ''Medicine''s.

      'A snake-oil with no medicinal value.'

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medicinal' in WordNet:
      1. medicative, medicinal - (having the properties of medicine; 
      'medicative drugs'; 'medicinal herbs'; 'medicinal properties')

Super-classes Medical^c

MedicinalOintment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicinalOintment`
Description	A''MedicinalOintment''is a semisolid substance applied to the skin and used as a ''DrugProduct''. This excludes toiletry products applied to the skin; of those the Ointments are represented as ''ToiletryOintment'', a subtype of ''ToiletrySubstance''; however, this includes sunscreen substances (prevents sunburn). `CYC 'Ointment': These materials are ''SemiSolid', not powdered, and can be of various degrees of viscosity from freeflowing suspension to thick and gelatinous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ointment' in WordNet: 1. ointment, unction, unguent, balm, salve - (semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation)`
Super-classes	TopicalSkinApplication^c DrugProduct^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SemiSolid^c

Medicine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medicine`
Description	The art and science of diagnosing and treating abnormal or detrimental physiological conditions. This includes both the study of and practice of Medicine. For a branch of the occupation of medicine, use 'Medicine-Occupation' `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'medicine' in WordNet: 1. (6) medicine, medical specialty - (the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques) 3. (3) medicine, practice of medicine - (the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries; 'he studied medicine at Harvard')`
Super-classes	MedicalScience^c
Restrictions	isTheFieldOfProfession^op value Medicine-Occupation^c
Sub-classes	Orthopedics^c Endocrinology^c Urology^c Gynecology^c Immunology^c Psychiatry^c Pediatrics^c Dentistry^c Gastroenterology^c Dermatology^c Obstetrics^c Bacteriology^c Ophthalmology^c Neurology^c Otology^c InternalMedicine^c AlternativeMedicine^c Psychology^c Podiatry^c Cardiology^c Embryology^c

Medicine-Occupation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medicine-Occupation`
Description	Any FunctionalProcess that is considered to be part of the process of diagnosing or treating diseases or other unwanted physiological conditions, for which a person needs some significant degree of training. This includes Nursing, Surgery, general or special medical practice, practical nursing, etc. `Corresponds partly to noun sense 3 of 'medicine' in WordNet, but includes other forms of the medical profession beyond M.D degree graduates.: in WordNet: 3. (3) medicine, practice of medicine - (the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries; 'he studied medicine at Harvard')`
Super-classes	Profession^c
Restrictions	isTheOccupationOfA^op value MedicalCareProfessional^c isTheProfessionOfField^op value Medicine^c
Sub-classes	Nursing^c

MedicineChest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MedicineChest

Description

This is not movable, it is built into some part of a building.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medicine chest' in WordNet:
          1. medicine chest, medicine cabinet - 
             (cabinet that holds medicines and toiletries)

Super-classes PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c
Cabinet-StorageConstruction^c

Medieval^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medieval

Description

''Medieval'' is the attribute of Events that occurred in the ''MiddleAges'' and ideas and objects characteristic of that time.

     'when knighthood was in flower'

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medieval' in Wordnet:
      1. (14) medieval, mediaeval - (relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages;
        'Medieval scholars'; 'Medieval times')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Mediocre^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mediocre

Description

An attribute value that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is slightly worse than average, but not 'Good'.

     'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top
     'Good' and the bottom 'Bad'.

     Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'mediocre' in Wordnet:
        1. mediocre, second-rate - (moderate to inferior in quality; 
           'they improved the quality from mediocre to above average')
        3. mediocre - (poor to middling in quality; 'there have been good and mediocre 
           and bad artists')

Super-classes GoodnessValue^c

Meditating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meditating`
Description	''Meditating'' is a 'Thinking'' about something specific or about whatever comes to mind for more than a brief few minutes. This is general deep thinking and does not require (but does not exclude) special body positions or specific rituals. When focusing ''Meditating'' on a particular topic (typically a situation or problem) the intention is often to reach some inference or conclusion about some aspect that is not immediately obvious. CYC: A collection of activities involving concentration and certain kinds of bodily positioning. In each instance of #$Meditating, the performer concentrates on something for spiritual or religious purposes, e.g. to achieve a higher degree of #$TranscendentEnlightenment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meditate' in WordNet: 1. (4) chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate, muse, reflect, mull, mull over, ruminate, speculate - (reflect deeply on a subject; 'I mulled over the events of the afternoon'; 'philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years'; 'The scientist must stop to observe and start to excogitate')
Super-classes	MentalState^c Contemplation^c PurposefulMentalActivity^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c hasMinimumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveMinutes^c hasTopic^op value SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	ZaZen^c SpiritualMeditation^c Introspection^c

Mediterranean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mediterranean`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Mediterranean' in Wordnet: 1. Mediterranean - (of or relating to or characteristic of or located near the Mediterranean Sea; 'Mediterranean countries')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Medium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medium`
Description	Each subtype of 'Medium' is an instance of some 'SubstanceType' that cane be used to achieve some Goal. A common example is a growth 'medium' for microorganisms. The type 'Solvent' is a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'medium' in WordNet: 5. (1) medium - (an intervening substance through which something is achieved; 'the dissolving medium is called a solvent')`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c GenericSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	Airwaves^c Solvent^c

Medium-High^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medium-High

Description

''Medium-High'' is an attribute of something that is neither clearly ''Intermediate'' nor 'high' in some series of ''IntensiveAttributeValue''s.

      This concept can not be found  in WN or RHW.

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Medium-Sized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medium-Sized

Description

''Medium-Sized'' is an attribute that specifies that something is neither ''Large'' nor ''Small' for things of its type.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medium-sized' in Wordnet:
          1. medium-sized, medium-size, moderate-sized, moderate-size -
                 (intermediate in size)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

MediumOfCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediumOfCommunication`
Description	A ''MediumOfCommunication'' is any of various ''Resources'' that can be used to communicate information widely - not just speaking to those within earshot. this includes PhysicalObjects such as printed material, radio/tv transmission, telephone lines or other means to carry information over land. In common language,'the media'include print media such as newspapers and magazines, and radio and television transmission, and now internet transmission of data in email, social media, and email. `NOTE: this WN synset is used for 'medium' referring to 'the Media' (TV, Radio, Newspapers) and also for an object containing data storage medium. ''InformationStorageMediumObject''. NOTE: the word 'media' is formally a plural word, but is often used in the singular - 'in any media'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'medium' in WordNet: 1. (5) medium - (a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information)`
Super-classes	InformationDisseminatingSystem^c
Sub-classes	CommunicationsChannel^c MediaTransferEvent^c NewspaperCopy^c Cinema^c Publication^c

MediumPriority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediumPriority`
Description	''MediumPriority'' is the middle of three levels of priority (of some importance, but not the highest).
Super-classes	PriorityLevel^c

MediumSized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediumSized

Description

''Intermediate'' is an attribute of something that is neither 'large' nor 'small' in magnitude for various physical measures.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medium' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) average, intermediate, medium - (around the middle of a scale of
              evaluation of physical measures; 'an orange of average size'; 
              'intermediate capacity'; 'a plane with intermediate range'; 'medium bombers')

Super-classes Intermediate^c

Medley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Medley`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medley' in WordNet: 1. (1) medley, potpourri, pastiche - (a musical composition consisting of a series of songs or other musical pieces from various sources)`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c MusicalComposition^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op only MusicalNotation^c

Meek^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meek

Description

A subtype of ''Humble''. In the RHW it is more specific than the general ''Humble'': 1. humbly patient or docile, as under provocation from others. 2. overly submissive or compliant; spiritless; tame.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meek' in WordNet:
          1. (4) meek, mild, modest - (humble in spirit or manner;
            suggesting retiring mildness or even cowed submissiveness;
            'meek and self-effacing')

Super-classes Humble^c

Meerkat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meerkat`
Description	Wikipedia The meerkat (Suricata suricatta) or suricate is a small mongoose found in southern Africa. It is characterised by a broad head, large eyes, a pointed snout, long legs, a thin tapering tail, and a brindled coat pattern. The head-and-body length is around 24-35 cm (9.4-13.8 in), and the weight is typically between 0.62 and 0.97 kg (1.4 and 2.1 lb). The coat is light grey to yellowish brown with alternate, poorly defined light and dark bands on the back. Meerkats have foreclaws adapted for digging and have the ability to thermoregulate to survive in their harsh, dry habitat. Three subspecies are recognised. RHW 'meerkat': suricate. The subtype ''Suricate'' perhaps should be a synonym? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meerkat' in WordNet: 1. meerkat, mierkat - (a mongoose-like viverrine of South Africa having a face like a lemur and only four toes)
Super-classes	Viverrine^c
Sub-classes	Suricate^c

Meeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meeting`
Description	The coming together of two or more 'IntentionalAgent's for the purpose of Communication or acting together. This covers informal meetings, e.g. visits with family members, and formal meetings, e.g. a board of directors meeting. `Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'meeting' and verb sense 2 of 'meet' in WordNet: 2. (115) meeting, coming together - (the social act of assembling for some common purpose; 'his meeting with the salesmen was the 'high' of his day') 3. (46) meeting, get together - (a small informal social gathering; 'there was an informal meeting in my living room') WN verb 'meet': 2. (38) meet, get together - (get together socially or for a specific purpose)`
Super-classes	Conversation^c GatheringTogetherOfPeople^c SocialOccurrence^c
Sub-classes	FaceTime^c Rendezvous^c Session^c FutureMeeting^c Dating^c GetTogether^c Audience-Hearing^c FormalMeeting^c

MeetingAgenda^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeetingAgenda`
Description	A ''MeetingAgenda'' is a ''ToDoList'' describing items to be take up for discussion and/or or decision at formal situations such as meetings or committee sessions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agenda' in WordNet: 2. agenda, agendum, order of business - (a list of matters to be taken up (as at a meeting))`
Super-classes	ToDoList^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some AgendaItem^c

MeetingRoom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeetingRoom

Description

A ''MeetingRoom'' is a ''Room'' that is suitable for ''FormalMeeting''s, having enough space to hold at least ten people, and usually more, and may have equipment to enable presentations such as projectors and and screens.

          This could have subtypes but they are not represented in WN.

         Includes but is more general than noun sense 1 of 'boardroom' in WordNet:
           1. boardroom, council chamber - (a room where a committee meets 
                (such as the board of directors of a company))

Super-classes Room^c

MeetingaDeadlne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeetingaDeadlne`
Description	'MeetingaDeadlne'' is the finishing phase of a ''HighPriorityTask'' that points to the ''Deadline'' (a time point or interval).
Super-classes	Fulfilling^c CompletingaTask^c
Restrictions	hasEndingTimePoint^op some Deadline^c finishes^op some (HighPriorityTask^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	MakingaPaymentOnTime^c

MegaByte^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MegaByte

Description

One MegaByte (MB) of information. One MegaByte is 1024 KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is different from the one accepted in the SI system.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'megabyte' in WordNet:
    1. megabyte, MB - (a unit of information equal to " one million " 
          (actually 1,048,576) bytes)

Super-classes BinaryInformationMeasure^c

Megaphone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Megaphone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'megaphone' in WordNet: 1. megaphone - (a cone-shaped acoustic device held to the mouth to intensify and direct the human voice)`
Super-classes	AcousticDevice^c
Restrictions	canEmit^op value SirenSound^c

Meiosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meiosis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meiosis' in WordNet: 1. meiosis, miosis, reduction division - ((genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants))`
Super-classes	CellDivision^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Gamete^c

Melancholy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melancholy`
Description	''Melancholy'' is a ''Sadness' that is accompanied by reflection on the cause of the Sadness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melancholy' in WordNet: 1. (4) melancholy - (a feeling of thoughtful sadness)`
Super-classes	Sadness^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wistful^c
Sub-classes	Gloominess^c

Melanin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melanin`
Description	CYC: The collection of all melanin, a pigment found in skin, eyes, and hair of #$Vertebrates. #$Melanin protects skin from ultraviolet light, and naturally occurs in higher concentrations in ethnic groups native to the tropics than in those native to higher latitudes. The lack of melanin in the body causes albinism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melanin' in WordNet: 1. melanin - (insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c NaturalTangibleStuff^c Pigment^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Vertebrate^c

Melanoma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melanoma`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melanoma' in WordNet: 1. melanoma, malignant melanoma - (any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes)`
Super-classes	SkinCancer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Malignant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Superficial^c

Mellowed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mellowed

Description

''Aged'' is the attribute of something that has experienced

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mellowed' in Wordnet:
          1. mellow, mellowed - (having a full and pleasing flavor through proper aging;
             'a mellow port'; 'mellowed fruit')

Super-classes Older^c

Mellowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mellowing`
Description	This sense of ''Mellowing''is for the process of ''AgingaSubstance'' a quantity of some substance until its taste becomes more ''Mellowed' (more pleasant). `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'mellow' in Wordnet: 3. mellow - (make or grow (more) mellow; 'These apples need to mellow a bit more'; "The sun mellowed the fruit")`
Super-classes	AgingaSubstance^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Food^c hadObjectModified^op value improves^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Mellowed^c

Melodic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melodic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'melodic' in Wordnet: 2. melodic - (of or relating to melody; 'melodic harmony')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Melodious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melodious`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'melodious ' in Wordnet: 2. melodious, melodic, musical - (containing or constituting or characterized by pleasing melody; 'the melodious song of a meadowlark')`
Super-classes	Pleasant^c

Melodrama^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melodrama`
Description	A ''Melodrama'' is a ''Comedy'' that depends on unusual actions to create the humor. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melodrama' in WordNet: 1. (1) melodrama - (an extravagant comedy in which action is more salient than characterization)`
Super-classes	Comedy^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value SocialInteraction^c describes^op value SocialInteraction^c

Melodramatic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melodramatic`
Description	`NOTE: there appears to be some overlap between senses 1 and 2 of 'melodramatic', but sense 2 (syn. histrionic) is represented as a subAttribute ''Histrionic''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'melodramatic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) melodramatic - (having the excitement and emotional appeal of melodrama; 'a melodramatic account of two perilous days at sea')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Histrionic^c

Melody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melody`
Description	A ''Melody'' ('Tune') is an abstract succession of notes, which is a specification (a ConceptualWork), not the actual sounds. The ''Melody'' will usually have, in addition to the actual pitch values of the notes, the time interval for each note to sound, and other information such as the kind of instrument (or voice) for which the tune was written. The execution of a Tune will be 'Music'. Therefore a ''Melody'' is not merely a succession of notes, but typically includes other information as part of the ConceptualWork. This differs somewhat from CYC usage in that the ''Melody'' need not be lyrical, it can be quite abstract or modern or atonal, as long as the author considers it as 'music'. COSMO note: for songs that have lyrics, use 'Song'. CYC: The collection of instances of #$MusicalComposition that are song-like in nature. They usually have lyrics and are relatively short in duration. An example of an instance of this collection is Let it be by #$TheBeatles-MusicGroup. Negative examples might be the 2nd movement of some classical symphony. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'tune' and sense 1 of 'melody' in WordNet; WN does not distinguish between the abstract specification and the sounds which are an execution of a 'tune': in WordNet: 1. (12) tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase - (a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence; 'she was humming an air from Beethoven')
Super-classes	MusicalComposition^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only Music^c hasComponentElement^op only MusicalNoteSymbol^c
Sub-classes	MusicalTheme^c

Melon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melon`
Description	An Individual melon, the fruit of a ''MelonPlant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'melon' in WordNet: 1. (2) melon - (any of numerous fruits of the gourd family having a hard rind and sweet juicy flesh)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value MelonPlant^c
Sub-classes	Watermelon^c

MelonPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MelonPlant`
Description	A specialization of #$Plant-NonWoody. Each instance of #$MelonPlant is a vine that bears melons as fruit (see (#$FruitFn #$MelonPlant)). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melon vine' in WordNet: 2. melon, melon vine - (any of various fruit of cucurbitaceous vines including: muskmelons; watermelons; cantaloupes; cucumbers)`
Super-classes	GourdPlant^c
Sub-classes	MuskmelonPlant^c CucumberPlant^c WatermelonPlant^c

Melted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melted

Description

''Melted'' is an attribute of some ''LiquidObject'' that has become liquid due to a ''Melting'' Event. The melting can be natural or a purposive action. This distingquishes ''LiquidObject''s that are produced by other processes suh as condensation from a vapor.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'melted' in Wordnet:
          1. melted, liquid, liquified - (changed from a solid to a liquid state; 
             'rivers filled to overflowing by melted snow')
        WN adj'molten':
        1. (3) molten, liquefied, liquified - (reduced to liquid form by heating;
              'a mass of molten rock')

Super-classes Liquid^c
PastParticiple^c

Melting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Melting`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes both intransitive and transitive senses of 'melt'. These may be distinguished in future versions. CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, an object is heated to (and then above) its #$freezingPoint and is thereby changed from a #$Solid-StateOfMatter to a #$Liquid-StateOfMatter. SUMO: The Class of Processes where an Object is heated and converted from a Solid to a Liquid. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'melt' in WordNet: 1. (3) melt, run, melt down - (reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating; melt butter; melt down gold; The wax melted in the sun) WN verb 'liquify': 1. liquefy, liquify, liquidize, liquidise - (make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating; 'liquefy the silver') 2. liquefy, flux, liquify - (become liquid or fluid when heated; 'the frozen fat liquefied')
Super-classes	StateChange^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SolidSubstance^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Melted^c produces^op value LiquidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Fusing^c Thawing^c

MeltingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeltingDown`
Description	''MeltingDown'' is an intransitive ''Event'' in which some part(s) of a ''NuclearReactor'' (starting with the core) melts from some malfunction causing overheating. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meltdown' in WordNet: 1. meltdown, nuclear meltdown -(severe overheating of the core of a nuclear reactor resulting in the core melting and radiation escaping)`
Super-classes	Overheating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value NuclearReactor^c mayCause^op value RadiationRelease^c hasSubEvent^op value Melting^c heats^op value NuclearReactor^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Overhot^c

Member^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Member`
Description	A 'Member' is an IntelligentAgent who is related to some collective entity by either the 'hasMember' or 'hasOrganizationMember' relation. This is intended to include 'members' of Organizations in which the members may themselves be Organizations, such as the United Nations or a Chamber of Commerce. The distinction between human and collective 'members' will be recognizable by the relation used to related the member to the organization. @ToDo: do we need a subtype specifically for 'HumanMember's?? Certain types of Organizations, such as corporations, may have associated persons who are not usually referred to as 'members'; for example: the board of directors of a company, the stockholders, the employees, the contractors, some members of congress (e.g. 'congressmen' or 'senators'), and any other group that may have some affiliation with an Organization. Such affiliated Persons can be called ''Affiliate''s. In such a case, the person can be a member of some group of people, associated by the 'hasMember' relation, and such a GroupOfPeople will be a group associated with the organization by the relation 'hasAssociatedAgent'. But unless the individuals are actually referred to as 'members', then the 'hasmember' relation should not be used directly with the parent organization, but should be used with the group, and that group related to the parent organization by the 'hasAssociatedAgent' relation. This indirect relation on Organization members is necessary to allow proper representation of groups associated with Organizations that have associated persons who are not actually called 'members' Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 1 of 'member' in WordNet: 1. (521) member - (one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participates in a group organization); 'only members will be admitted'; 'a member of the faculty'; 'she was introduced to all the members of his family')
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c Affiliate^c
Sub-classes	Democrat^c MemberOfTheNobility^c PoliticalPartyMember^c MormonPerson^c Episcopalian^c RepublicanPartyMember^c OrganizationMember^c MemberOfRoyalty^c Councillor^c InterestGroupMember^c

MemberOfRoyalty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MemberOfRoyalty`
Description	A king or queen or emperor or other monarch, whether absolute or constitutional, and by extension of princes and princesses in the 'royal family'. `In RHW sense 12 of 'royal' corresponds to this type: 12. Informal. a royal person; member of the royalty. This is often used in the plural to describe behavior of 'the royals'. However, there appears to be no corresponding noun sense of 'royal' in WordNet.`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c MemberOfTheNobility^c Member^c
Sub-classes	QueenTheKingsWife^c King-HeadOfGovernment^c Queen-HeadOfState^c Princess^c King-HeadOfState^c

MemberOfTheNobility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MemberOfTheNobility`
Description	Anyone with a hereditary title, whether inherited or granted directly to that person. This type applies even though a ruling family no longer rules, as long as the country in which the titles were granted has not in fact abolished the titles. The case of monarchs whose position is not inherited is also included (e.g. elected kings).. In Cyc called 'Aristocrat' Cyc: The collection of all aristocrats, or persons who hold hereditary titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This excludes British 'life-peers,' whose titles are not hereditary, and hereditary knights, who are not nobility. It includes all hereditary aristocratic ranks from Baronet and Laird up to hereditary monarch. It does not include moneyed or distinguished people who are only informally called 'aristocrats'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'aristocrat', nound sense 1 of 'noble' , sense in WordNet: 1. aristocrat, blue blood, patrician - - (a member of the aristocracy) WN noun 'noble': 1. Lord, noble, nobleman - (a titled peer of the realm)
Super-classes	Member^c HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	LadyNoble^c QueenTheKingsWife^c MemberOfRoyalty^c Prince-HeadOfState^c Duke^c Monarch-HeadOfState^c Queen-HeadOfState^c Baron^c Baroness^c Duchess^c Countess^c Prince^c LordNoble^c Princess^c King-HeadOfState^c Baronet^c

MembersOfParliament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MembersOfParliament`
Description	The GroupOfPeople who are the official members of some Parliament..
Super-classes	MembersOfaLegislature^c
Restrictions	isAssociatedWithAgent^op some Parliament^c

MembersOfaLegislature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MembersOfaLegislature`
Description	The GroupOfPeople who are the official voting members of some LegislativeOrganization; aides and other assistants are not included in this type. `The Organization is represented by ''LegislativeOrganization''.`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isAssociatedWithAgent^op some LegislativeOrganization^c hasMember^op only Legislator^c
Sub-classes	MembersOfParliament^c MembersOfaSenate^c

MembersOfaSenate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MembersOfaSenate`
Description	The GroupOfPeople - the Senators - who are the official voting members of some Senate; aides and other assistants are not included in this type..
Super-classes	MembersOfaLegislature^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Senator^c isAssociatedWithAgent^op some Senate^c

Membership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Membership`
Description	A ''Membership'' is the ''HumanRelationship'' between one ''Person and a ''GroupOfPeople''or ''Organization'' of which that Person is a member. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'membership' in WordNet: 2. (9) membership - (the state of being a member)`
Super-classes	HumanRelationship^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op exactly 2

Membrane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Membrane`
Description	This ''Membrane'' is for any thin pliable sheet of organic material. `CYC: This is the collection of membranes. It includes membranes which grow as parts of living organisms (#$Membrane-Biological), as well as artifacts such as drum heads and the plastic membranes used in osmotic laboratory procedures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'membrane' in WordNet: 1. (1) membrane - (a thin pliable sheet of material)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value OrganicSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Drumhead^c SemipermeableMembrane^c

Memento^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Memento`
Description	A ''Memento'' is a 'Reminder' (a 'SolidObject') usually small, that causes a person to remember something, but does not remind primarily through linguistic means (as notes or to-do lists or shopping lists), but by its symbolic value or association with a past Event. Souvenirs of travel or other mementos, e.g. a memento mori, or objects obtained at Events (such as favors at a wedding). Photos that cause one to recall past Events, such sa places or events where one was present, would be included (but most photos, taken where one was not presnt are not included). `For small objects that are kept specifically as a reminder of some past event (travel, wedding, graduation, etc.) use the more specific subtype 'Souvenir' For an Action that causes remembering, use 'Reminding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memento' in WordNet: 1. memento, souvenir - (a reminder of past events)`
Super-classes	PortableObject^c Reminder^c
Sub-classes	Souvenir^c

Memoir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Memoir`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memoir' in WordNet: 1. (1) memoir - (an account of the author's personal experiences)`
Super-classes	Autobiography^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Experience^c

Memorabilia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Memorabilia`
Description	''Memorabilia'' is the collective term for a Group of ''Memento''s. This can include Photos of past events or loved ones, ''Souvenir''s of trips or Events attended or activities pursued, or anything that reminds one of some past Event. NOTE: this does not have to be an 'artifact' - it could be a natural object, such as a shell picked up at a beach on a trip. `CYC: The collection of #$Artifacts that are produced or kept for the purpose of illiciting memories or thoughts about some object or event. Typically this object or event has importance to many people or to the person possessing the memorabilia. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'memorabilia' (but this is not a 'record - it is a group of 'reminder''s) in WordNet: 1. (1) memorabilia - (a record of things worth remembering)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Memento^c

Memorable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Memorable`
Description	''Memorable'' is an attribute of situations, or events or Objects that are easy to remember because they are unusual (or at least uncommon) in some respect. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'memorable' in Wordnet: 1. (6) memorable - (worth remembering)`
Super-classes	Salient^c Unusual^c
Sub-classes	Unforgettable^c

Memorandum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Memorandum`
Description	A ''Memorandum'' is any written ''WrittenRecord'' that contains a short description of thoughts or ideas or suggestions written by a Person for future reference, whether for others to see, or for that person's own use, as a reminder. A 'memorandum' may be actally written by one person (e.g. a secretary) on behalf of another, or even (when available) prepared by dictation to a computer with voice recognition. `CYC: A note from an agent or group of agents in an organization to another agent or group of agents in the same organization, pertaining to the goals, practices, or conditions of the organization. RHW: 1. a short note designating something to be remembered, esp. something to be done or acted upon in the future; reminder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memorandum' in WordNet: 1. (2) memo, memorandum, memoranda - (a written proposal or reminder)`
Super-classes	Reminder^c Note^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c
Sub-classes	Aide-Memoire^c PetitionMemorial^c

MemorialMarker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MemorialMarker`
Description	COSMO: The term 'MemorialMarker' is interpreted somewhat differently than in Cyc. In COSMO, it includes plaques on the wall of some building that commemorates some person, object, or Event. We retain the parent Type 'ConstructionArtifact' since it should be, if not a free-standing constriction artifact, a part of a building. `Cyc: A specialization of #$SymbolicObject and #$ConstructionArtifact. Each instance of this collection is an artifact built to commemorate an individual, group of individuals or event. The collection includes gravestones, statues, and pyramids. See #$honorsThing and its specializations. Large and imposing instances of #$MemorialMarker fall under the more specialized collection #$Monument.`
Super-classes	SymbolicObject^c ConstructionArtifact^c Marker^c
Sub-classes	GraveMarker^c Monument^c Tomb^c

Memorizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Memorizing`
Description	Each 'Memorizing' is an Action in which a cognitive agent successfuly stores some information in long-term Memory. This type can be used for the act of storing in memory and the state of retaining that memory for some time; the two are not yet (rev837) distinguished in COSMO. This differs from the parent type 'PuttingIntoMemory' only in the length of time that information is kept in memory. The subsequent recalling from long-term memory into short term memory is represented as 'Remembering'. This Action need not be intense 'cramming' such when memorizing foreign languages, but can occur at any time that a Person (or animal) stores information in Memory, which can occur immediately on learning the thing. This is a subtype of Learning because one can learn and hold something in short-term memory, but forget it rapidly. Instances of this type occur when the information learned is in long-term memory and can be later recalled (see 'Remembering'). This Action is sometimes labeled by the term 'remember' (as in 'can you remember this number?'), though that word usually refers to recalling, represented by 'Remembering'. Other linguistic terms for this concept are: 'commit to memory', 'don't forget to ...' This is broader than the Cyc interpretation, On COSMO this type includes any kind of information that can be stored in long-term memory, including faces, the sound of a person's voice, odors, the color of things, phrases from a conversation, foreign words, etc.. 'He remembers the odor of benzene from his days in a chemistry lab.' Cyc: Commiting things like plays, musical text, phone numbers to memory. SUMO: The process of committing a Text to memory. The WordNet 'memorize' appears to be the intense deliberate memorizing that one does by repetition and practice when one wants to remember something accurately (represented as 'IntentionalMemorizing'), but this type is broader, including any remembering that occurs even without a deliberate effort. This is nevertheless an 'IntentionalmentalEvent' because it cannot occur without the stored information passing through short-term memory, and paying attention is an intentional act, even if the intention of memorizing is not present. Includes verb senses 1 of 'memorize' and part of sense 2 of 'remember' and sense 4 of 'retain' and noun sense 1 of 'memorization' in WordNet: 1. (6) memorize, memorise, con, learn - (commit to memory; learn by heart; 'Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?') WN 'remember' 2. (53) remember, think of - (keep in mind for attention or consideration; 'Remember the Alamo'; 'Remember to call your mother every day!'; 'Think of the starving children in India!') WN 'retain': 4. retain - (keep in one's mind; 'I cannot retain so much information') WN noun 'memorization': 1. (1) memorization, memorisation, committal to memory - (learning so as to be able to remember verbatim; 'the actor's memorization of his lines')
Super-classes	PuttingIntoMemory^c
Sub-classes	RoteLearning^c IntentionalMemorizing^c

Memory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Memory`
Description	A specialization of #$MentalInformation. Each instance of #$Memory is the propositional content of a mental state in which a person recalls past events. Most commonly those memories concern first-person experiences, but they may include recollections of anything that the person has learned in the past. COSMO note: This is the information stored in memory. When recalled, it is a 'RememberedThing' A computer's 'memory' is included in this type. Also note that memories of images are included in this type, which is a subtype of 'PropositionalInformationThing'. The ability to remember is represented as ' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'memory' in WordNet, which does not distinguish between a stored memory ('Memory') and one recalled.: in WordNet: 1. (25) memory - (something that is remembered; 'search as he would, the memory was lost')
Super-classes	MentalInformation^c
Sub-classes	RememberedThing^c

Menace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Menace`
Description	A ''Menace'' is a ''DangerousThing'' that ''performsAction''with object 'EndangeringSomething'' (or a .more specific subtype). This is more specific than merely being 'dangerous' and through the link to ''EndangeringSomething'' specifies the Thing to which the ''Menace'' poses a danger. NOTE: @ToDo: The use of ''presenceCauses'' pointing from this type to some kind of damaging event can add more specifics. Alternatively, to assert that something is dangerous (threatens, is a menace) to something, one can create a subAttribute of ''Dangerous'' specifying the thing that it is dangerous to, as in 'DangerousToPeopleNearby' and assert that some specific object has that property. Needs more consideration, possibly a new relation (but what?). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'menace' in WordNet: 1. (8) menace, threat - (something that is a source of danger; 'earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan')
Super-classes	DangerousThing^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value EndangeringSomething^c

Menarche^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Menarche`
Description	''Menarche'' is the first instance of ''Menstruating'' in a particular Animal (usually applied to human females). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'menarche' in WordNet: 1. (4) menarche - (the first occurrence of menstruation in a woman)`
Super-classes	Menstruating^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Initial^c

Mendelevium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mendelevium

Description

CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Mendelevium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mendelevium' in WordNet:
          1. mendelevium, Md, Mv, atomic number 101 - (a radioactive transuranic element 
            synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles 
            (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol))

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Mender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mender`
Description	NOTE: this ''Mender'' is for anyone who has mended something or routinely mends something, but someone who is called a ''Mender'' should be skilled at some activity, though it need not be the only skill nor a highly developed skill. The subtype ''Handyman'' will usually have more than one skill, but not practice that exclusively. The subtype ''Repairman'' should be used for someone who repairs things as a primary activity, perhaps as an employed occupation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mender' in WordNet: 1. mender, repairer, fixer - (a skilled worker who mends or repairs things)`
Super-classes	SkilledWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RepairingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Repairman^c Handyman^c

MendingFabric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MendingFabric`
Description	A RepairingEvent specifically directed at restoring some fabric that has been worn or damaged. For the more general 'mending' of broken artifacts, use 'RepairingEvent'. `This is NOT a medical 'mending' which is a 'HealingEvent'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mend' in WordNet: 1. mend, patch, darn - (sewing that repairs a worn or torn hole (especially in a garment); 'her stockings had several mends')`
Super-classes	ModifyingAnArtifact^c RepairingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRepaired^op some (Fabric^c or ClothingItem^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)

Meninges^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meninges

Description

CYC: The collection of all meninges, of which there are three protectively surrounding each person's #$CentralNervousSystem. The three #$Meninges lie within the #$Skull (for that portion which covers the #$Brain) and consist of the #$DuraMater on the outside, the #$ArachnoidMater in the middle and the #$PiaMater coating the #$Brain and #$SpinalCord.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meninges' in Wordnet:
           1. meninx, meninges - (a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord)

Super-classes InternalAnatomicalPart^c
SheetOfSomeStuff^c
AnimalBodyPart^c
Sac-Organic^c

MennonitePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MennonitePerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mennonite' in WordNet: 1. Mennonite - (a member of an Anabaptist movement in Holland noted for its simplicity of life)`
Super-classes	AnabaptistPerson^c
Sub-classes	AmishPerson^c

Menopause^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Menopause

Description

The event in which a human woman stops going through a menstrual cycle.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'menopause' in Wordnet:
          1. menopause, climacteric, change of life - (the time 
          in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends)

Super-classes PhysiologicalProcess^c

Menorah^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Menorah`
Description	This ''Menorah'' is a ''Candelabrum'' with nine branches (each having a ''Socket'' for a candle), used during the Hanukkak celebration.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'menorah' in WordNet: 2. menorah - ((Judaism) a candelabrum with nine branches; used during the Hanukkah festival)`
Super-classes	Candelabrum^c
Restrictions	hasFeature^op exactly 9 isDesignedToSupport^op value Candle^c

MensClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MensClothing`
Description	A specialization of #$Clothing-Generic. Each specialization of #$MensClothing is a type of clothing item worn usually by men. Specializations of #$MensClothing include #$Tuxedo and #$MensJockeyUnderwear.
Super-classes	Clothing^c
Sub-classes	DinnerJacket^c Tuxedo^c Necktie^c Kilt^c TuxedoOutfit^c

MensRoom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MensRoom

Description

Any PublicRestroom designated for use by men (and not women).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restroom' in WordNet:
          1. men's room, men's - (a public toilet for men)

Super-classes PublicRestroom^c

Menstrual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Menstrual

Description

''Menstrual'' pertains to ''Menstruating'' and things occurring or related to its such as menstrual bleeding, menstrual pain, and the menstrual cycle.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'menstrual' in Wordnet:
          1. menstrual, catamenial - (of or relating to menstruation or the menses; 'menstrual period')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Menstruating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Menstruating`
Description	''Menstruating'' occurs approximately monthly in humans, but may differ in timing in other primates. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'menstruate' in WordNet: 1. menstruate, flow - (undergo menstruation; 'She started menstruating at the age of 11') WN noun 'menstruation': 1. menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, period, flow - (the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; 'the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation'; 'a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped' - Hippocrates; 'the semen begins to appear in males and to be emitted at the same time of life that the catamenia begin to flow in females'--Aristotle)
Super-classes	RecurringAction^c Bleeding^c BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value FemaleMammal^c
Sub-classes	Menarche^c

Mental^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mental`
Description	'Mental' is the attribute of something that pertains to a Person's mind. This is broadly used to describe processes, objects, and effects that occur in or affect the mind, as contrasted to those that those that primarily affect the body ('Bodily'). `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'mental' in WordNet: 1. (12) mental - (involving the mind or an intellectual process; 'mental images of happy times'; 'mental calculations'; 'in a terrible mental state'; 'mental suffering'; 'free from mental defects') 2. (4) mental - (of or relating to the mind; 'mental powers'; 'mental development'; 'mental hygiene')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Psychological^c Speculative^c Analytical^c Intuitive^c Psychosocial^c

MentalComfort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalComfort`
Description	The absence of a worry intense enough to cause distraction from ordinary activities in life. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 2. (5) comfort - (a feeling of freedom from worry or disappointment)`
Super-classes	Comfort^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Worry^c
Sub-classes	PeaceOfMind^c Solace^c

MentalDevelopment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalDevelopment`
Description	''MentalDevelopment'' is the increase in ability of a Person to perform mental activities that require some degree of human general ''Intelligence'', which has multiple contributing abilities. This includes social abilities that enable a Person to function well within a society and learn from others. `No definition found in WN or RHW`
Super-classes	Progressing^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	improves^op some Intelligence^c

MentalDistress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalDistress`
Description	'MentalDistress' is a PhysiologicalCondition (a PersistentState) in which an Agent has a feeling that is unpleasant in a manner analogous to physical Pain (see 'PainOrAche'), but which is caused by mental events rather than physical events that affect the body. This could also be termed 'Mental Pain', but 'Pain' in COSMO is used for physical pain. All mental events originate in the Mind (therefore in the brain), though influenced by events outside the brain. There can be physical events in the brain that cause physical pain that are not instances of MentalDistress, such as headache. `This type subsumes all levels of MentalDistress, from Disappointment to Sadness to severe depression. Approximately equivalent to Cyc 'Distress': Cyc: Extremely troubled; mentally confused, distracted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distress' in WordNet: 1. (4) distress, hurt, suffering - (psychological suffering; 'the death of his wife caused him great distress')`
Super-classes	Distress^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Mind^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c
Sub-classes	Depression-Feeling^c Anguish^c Unhappiness^c

MentalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalEvent`
Description	NOTE: name changed in COSMO. In Cyc this is 'AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent'. Cyc: A collection of events. Each instance of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent is an event involving the mental functions of a participant or group of participants (see #$actors) in that event. The collection includes such things as dreaming, perceiving, sensing, theorizing about something, having a realization, making a decision, building something, designing something, and consciously carrying out a task. Note that the above list includes both purposeful events and non-purposeful events that involve mental functions. Note also that any event that has a mental component is also an instance of this collection, so that events like preparing lunch would be classified as instances of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. In entering knowledge, it is almost always possible and preferable to use one of the specializations of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. If an event seems mostly mental in nature, modulo neurons firing and related brain activity, use #$StrictlyMentalEvent or one of its specializations. If it essentially involves both mental and physical activity, see #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent or #$PurposefulPhysicalAction. For mental events that are intentionally and purposefully performed, see the specialization #$PurposefulMentalActivity. COSMO note: this appears to be similar to SUMO 'PsychologicalProcess', which is a subtype of Event. SUMO: A BiologicalProcess which takes place in the mind or brain of an Organism and which may be manifested in the behavior of the Organism. NOTE that in addition to ''MentalEvent'' in COSMO the sister type ''MentalSituation-SingleSubject'' is defined. ''MentalEvent'' is intendd to be used for rthings that are ''Action''s, that change something. The MentalSituation-SingleSubject'' is untended to be used for 'conditions' that have more of a continous character, such as ''Feeling'' and ''MentalIllness''. NOTE that there is a distinction between ''Action''s that are purely mental and those that include both mental and physical actions. The combined mental and physical Actions are represented under ''CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent'', following the CYC taxonomy. Actions that are 'purely mental' are all the other subtypes of ''MentalEvent'' that are not under ''CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent''. It is possible to make this dichotomy clearer by adding a type 'PurelyMentalEvent' but at this point (rev1377) that aggregation does not seem necessary. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'psychological feature' in WordNet: 1. psychological feature - (a feature of the mental life of a living organism)
Super-classes	Action^c MentalSituation^c
Sub-classes	SocialIntervening^c PlanningEvent^c CognitiveFactor^c ConsciousActivity^c CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c UsingALanguage^c Offending^c Forgiving^c IntentionalMentalEvent^c Tolerating^c StrictlyMentalEvent^c ResponsibilitySituation^c
In domain of	containedExperience^op

MentalHospital^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalHospital

Description

A ''MentalHospital'' is a ''HospitalBuilding'' that houses,cares for, and treats mentally ill people.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mental hospital' in WordNet:
         1. mental hospital, psychiatric hospital, mental institution, 
            institution, mental home, insane asylum, asylum - 
            (a hospital for mentally incompetent or unbalanced person)
         1. Bedlam, booby hatch, crazy house, cuckoo's nest, funny farm,
            funny house, loony bin, madhouse, nut house, nuthouse, sanatorium,
            snake pit - (pejorative terms for an insane asylum)

Super-classes HospitalBuilding^c

MentalIllness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalIllness`
Description	''MentalIllness'' is a broad category of ''AilmentCondition''s in which the mind (i.e. the brain) is not functioning normally so as to produce irrational behavior. NOTE: this is categorized as a 'HumanIllness'', as it is salient predominantly in discusions of human mental illness. When references to 'mad dogs' or other types of non-human mental malfunction are needed, they can be categorized as the more generic 'AilmentCondition'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mental illness' in Wordnet: 1. mental illness, mental disease, psychopathy - (any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention)
Super-classes	HumanIllness^c MentalSituation-SingleSubject^c
Sub-classes	MentalTrauma^c Dementia^c PsychologicalAilment^c Addiction^c

MentalIllusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalIllusion`
Description	A 'MentalIlllusion'' is a ''MentalStillImage'' created in the brain by an ''OpticalMisperception'' that is caused by an ''OpticalIllusion''. This is the picture apersonimagines that /he perceived when the perception is a ''OpticalMisperception''. `NOTE: for the 'Illusion' that is a FalseBelief, use type ''Illusion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illusion' in WordNet: 1. (23) illusion, semblance - (an erroneous mental representation)`
Super-classes	MentalStillImage^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value OpticalMisperception^c

MentalImagery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalImagery`
Description	This is the abstract representation of some kind of abstract 'imagery' of things seen or imagined, remembered, or otherwise or created in the mind, represented by neural patterns in the Brain, and located there. This can be one ''MentalStillImage''or a series of images possibly with accompanying sound and other sensory sensations. The most vivid type of ''MentalImagery'' is the subtype''Dream''. This ''MentalObject'' may include associated ''Feeling''s and other non-pictorial components. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'representation' in WordNet: 1. (10) representation, mental representation, internal representation - (a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image)`
Super-classes	MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Brain^c hasPart^op value MentalStillImage^c
Sub-classes	Dream^c Visualization^c Fantasy^c DayDream^c Stereotype^c Vision^c MentalStillImage^c SelfImage^c PerceivedImage^c

MentalInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalInformation`
Description	COSMO note: this can include information in a computer. `CYC: A specialization of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$MentalInformation is the propositional content of a specific mental state (for example, a memory or a sensory perception) of an individual person.`
Super-classes	PropositionalInformationThing^c
Sub-classes	Memory^c

MentalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalObject`
Description	A MentalObject is an Object that does not have mass and was created by a Person. Abstract texts, musical compositions, propositions, theories, plays, poems, speeches - all are MentalObjects. They will invariably have a physical representation in some PhysicalObject (including brains, light waves and sound waves). But the MentalObject itself has no physical (material) component. This corresponds closely to what in some systems (e.g. the Ontology Works top ontology) is called an 'AbstractArtifact' - something created by a Person that is not a PhysicalObject. We adopt the convention that an individual MentalObject exists only so long as there is some PhysicalObject that represents it. That PhysicalObject could be the brain of a Person, some sound or electromagnetic waves encoding that MentalObject, or some piece of paper with markings on it. When the last physical object representing that MentalObject ceases to exist, that MentalObject also ceases to exist. A new MentalObject indistinguishable from a previously existing one can always be created (even by the original creator), but it would be a different individual with a different identity. Equivalent to the Cyc #$Artifact-Intangible OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A specialization of both #$IntangibleIndividual and #$Artifact-Generic. Each instance of #$Artifact-Intangible is an intangible thing intentionally created by an agent or agents. Important specializations of #$Artifact-Intangible include #$ComputerLanguage, #$ConceptualWork, and #$Agreement.
Super-classes	IntangibleIndividual^c Object^c Artifact-Generic^c AbstractObject^c
Sub-classes	SocialRelation^c PropositionGroup^c Right^c MentalObjectGroup^c TheoreticalModel^c HonorAward^c Hallucination^c GeopoliticalEntity^c Theme^c Thought^c Obligation^c Schema^c Assignment^c Intention^c Intellect^c InformationObject^c Agreement^c Abstraction^c Rights^c MentalImagery^c Motive^c Compromise^c BeliefSystem^c Description^c MentalStillImage^c Goal^c Mind^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TexasLawAgainstMurder

MentalObjectGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalObjectGroup`
Description	A MentalObjectGroup is a Group consisting solely of MentalObjects.
Super-classes	Group^c MentalObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (MentalObject^c or MentalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	BeliefSystem^c

MentalObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalObjectType`
Description	"MentalObjectType" is a metatype which is a specialization of 'AbstractObjectType' that can serve as type for ''MentalObject''s, i.e. ''AbstractObject''s created by an intelligent agent (usually a Person, but it could be a computer) that contains information in any form (text, graphical, propositions). Rules (laws, theories, documents, graphical images of which there are physical representations) and an argument restriction for various relations on such things. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	AbstractObjectType^c
Sub-classes	PropositionType^c RuleType^c
Members	Commitment LegalObligation YinAndYang PhilosophicalTheory Egalitarianism NaiveRealism Motive InformationObject Animism IncentivizingPromise Multiculturalism ReligiousDoctrine GeopoliticalEntity Constitution Humanitarianism MultipleSkills Relativism Skill Pluralism Semiotics MentalObject Beagle-Fict Tenet Teachings IrrationalMotive MatterForConsideration Issue Organization ObligationToPayaFee Libertarianism Description

MentalReception^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalReception`
Description	Each ''MentalReception'' is an instance of a MentalEvent that is a response to some Event - receiving information, or some social interaction. This ''MentalReception'' is both a MentalEvent - some mentalactivity responding to an Event,and also some Action taken by the responder, indicating the MentalState (perhaps an emotion) caused by perceving the Event. The Action taken could be a minimal a raising one's eyebrows or roling one's eyes, or something said. `Generically such a ''MentalReception''might be described as a 'cold reception' or 'warm reception', or something more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reception' in WordNet: 1. (4) reception, response - (the manner in which something is greeted; 'she did not expect the cold reception she received from her superiors')`
Super-classes	CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c Responding^c
Restrictions	mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)

MentalSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalSituation`
Description	COSMO note: Every 'MentalSituation' is an Event, Process, or State that occurs in some Mind. Since every Mind is located in a Brain, MentalSituations also must occur in some Brain (meaning in some animal). Cyc: A specialization of #$Situation. Each instance of #$MentalSituation is a mental situation such as a person seeing the color red, or believing that his enemies control the CIA, or desiring that Fidel Castro shave his beard. An important subcollection of this collection is #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent whice is the collection of mental situations that are events, such as thinking about something or tasting something. Other instances of #$MentalSituation are more long-standing and stable, and hence also instances of #$StaticSituation, e.g., believing something, or having some goal. Cf. #$MentalSituationFn.
Super-classes	SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	VitalForce^c MentalSituation-SingleSubject^c MentalEvent^c

MentalSituation-SingleSubject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalSituation-SingleSubject`
Description	A specialization of #$MentalSituation (q.v.) each instance of which has a single agent (normally an #$IndividualAgent) as its subject . A subject in this sense is an agent who has, undergoes, experiences, entertains, or performs the mental situation, as the case may be. Instances of #$MentalSituation-SingleSubject can be mental events (see #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent) such as acts of perception or mental states (see #$MentalState) such as Alice's loving Bob. This collection excludes any mental situations that have more than one subject, such as (perhaps) an event of mutual recognition between two people, as well as any mental situations that have no proper subject at all, such as (perhaps) an event of mass hysteria or a state involving the Jungian collective unconscious . It of course does not exclude a given mental situation merely because it happens to involve more than one agent; Alice's loving Bob involves two people, but Alice is nevertheless its only subject. The two notable specializations of this collection are #$IntentionalMentalSituation and #$StateOfUnconsciousness.
Super-classes	MentalSituation^c
Sub-classes	Unconsciousness^c MentalIllness^c Feeling^c IntentionalMentalSituation^c BehavioralDisposition^c

MentalState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalState`
Description	A PersistentState that is a MentalEvent. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'state of mind' and sense 1 of 'mental state' in WordNet: 1. state of mind, frame of mind - (a temporary psychological state) 2. cognitive state, state of mind - (the state of a person's cognitive processes) WN noun 'mental state': 1. psychological state, mental state - ((psychology) a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic; 'a manic state')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c StrictlyMentalEvent^c ObjectCondition^c
Sub-classes	DeservingSomething^c Meditating^c Spell^c Doubting^c HavingaRight^c Leisure^c ThinkingIntuitively^c HypnoticTrance^c Consciousness^c Preoccupation^c Intending^c Awareness^c Unawareness^c Retrospect^c Feeling^c Trauma^c HavingaFeeling^c Uncertainty^c BehavioralDisposition^c HavingAnOpinion^c Amnesia^c Delusion^c Composure^c HavingInMemory^c Ego^c Poise^c

MentalStillImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalStillImage`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'image' in WordNet: 1. (31) image, mental image - (an iconic mental representation; 'her imagination forced images upon her too awful to contemplate')`
Super-classes	MentalImagery^c MentalObject^c
Sub-classes	MentalIllusion^c

MentalStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalStructure`
Description	A ''MentalStructure'' is the ''arrangement'' of a Person's knowledge about some topic that is organized as concepts and relations among them, and is represented in the brain of that Person and possibly physically represented in some physical document. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrangement' in WordNet: 3. (4) arrangement, organization, organisation, system - (an organized structure for arranging or classifying; 'he changed the arrangement of the topics'; 'the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original'; 'he tried to understand their system of classification') WN noun 'structure': 3. (7) structure - (the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; 'his lectures have no structure')
Super-classes	KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c
Sub-classes	CoordinateSystem^c

MentalTelepathy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalTelepathy`
Description	''MentalTelepathy'' is a ''PsychicCommunication'' in which a person with ''Psychical' ability sends linguistic information or receives linguistic information from another Person (or Animal??) solely using the mind, with no other physical or sensory means. `NOTE: 'mental telepathy' is not in WN, but is in RHW as a synonym of 'telepathy'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telepathy' in WordNet: 1. (1) telepathy, thought transference - (apparent communication from one mind to another without using sensory perceptions)`
Super-classes	PsychicCommunication^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value Mind^c

MentalTestProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalTestProcedure`
Description	A 'MentalTestProcedure' is a TestProcedure for testing some mental attributes of an Animal, such as intelligence, knowledge, or skill. The procedure can test ability to perfrom some actions,and is not necessarily a written test. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students')`
Super-classes	TestProcedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value MentalTesting^c

MentalTesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalTesting`
Description	A 'MentalTesting' is an Action in which one or more tests are performed to measure some mental attribute or motor skill of the subject, which may be a Non-human Animal. Each instance is an execution of a 'MentalTestProcedure'. `Corresponds only approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students')`
Super-classes	TestingEvent^c
Sub-classes	TestOfSkill^c WrittenTesting^c

MentalTrauma^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentalTrauma

Description

''MentalTrauma'' is an 'AilmentCondition of a Person that has experienced a 'traumatic' Event that has caused long-lasting effects that hinder normal mental functioning to some extent.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trauma' in WordNet:
         2. trauma, psychic trauma - (an emotional wound 
             or shock often having long-lasting effects)

Super-classes MentalIllness^c

Mentally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mentally

Description

''Mentally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective (AttributeValue) and specifies that the adjective is to be taken as 'with respect to the mind': 'mentally deficient'; 'mentally retarded'. It an also be used as a sentence modifier, 'in the mind'

          Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mentally' in WordNet:
            1. (6) mentally - (in your mind; 'he suffered mentally')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

MentallyIll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentallyIll`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mentally ill' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mentally ill, unsound, unstable - (suffering from severe mental illness; 'of unsound mind')`
Super-classes	Sick^c
Sub-classes	Neurotic^c PsychoNeurotic^c Psychotic^c Schizophrenic^c

MentallyPrepared^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MentallyPrepared

Description

''Prepared'' is an AttributeValue of a Agent that experienced a ''PreparingForSituation'' Action of some kind study, practice, or drill, and is intellectally ''Ready'' to perform some task.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'prepared' and sense 2 of 'trained' in Wordnet:
        3. prepared - (equipped or prepared with necessary intellectual resources; 
          'graduates well equipped to handle such problems'; 'equipped to be a scholar')

Super-classes Ready^c
Taught^c

Mention^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mention`
Description	Each 'Mention' is a Proposition (a MentalObject) that is part of the content ('Meaning') of a communication or a text, but is not necessarily the main topic. The restriction requires that both the ''Mentioning'' text and the thing mentioned must be specified. `In WordNet, a 'mention' is a communication, but in COSMO this type is the abstract propositional content of a communication, not the act of communicating. Corresponds indirectly (though the type differs) to noun sense 1 of 'mention' in WordNet: 1. (8) mention, reference - (a remark that calls attention to something or someone; 'she made frequent mention of her promotion'; 'there was no mention of it'; 'the speaker made several references to his wife')`
Super-classes	Meaning^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some owl:Thing^c isProducedByEventType^op some Mentioning^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some (Communication^c or TextPart^c)
Sub-classes	Reference^c

Mentioning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mentioning`
Description	Each ''Mentioning'' is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts something about a particular Topic, in any linguistic medium, at any length. This action produces an instance of ''Mention''. The ''Topic'' mentioned could be anything at all. Sense 2 of 'mention' is a subtype of this ''MakingaRemark''. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'mention' and sense 1 of 'discuss' in WordNet: 1. (62) mention, advert, bring up, cite, name, refer - (make reference to; 'His name was mentioned in connection with the invention') 3. (6) mention, cite - (commend; 'he was cited for his outstanding achievements') WN verb 'discuss': 1. (58) discourse, talk about, discuss - (to consider or examine in speech or writing; 'The article covered all the different aspects of this question'; 'The class discussed Dante's ''Inferno'' )
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	mentionsTopic^op some owl:Thing^c produced^op some Mention^c
Sub-classes	RaisingaTopic^c Citing^c

Mentoring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mentoring

Description

A subtype of ''Guiding'' in which the mentor guiding the other Person is not the classroom instructor, is often older and wiser, and typically serves as a supplement to formal instruction, being 'a wise and trusted counselor or teacher.'.

   Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mentor' in Wordnet:
      1. mentor - (serve as a teacher or trusted counselor; 'The famous professor mentored 
       him during his years in graduate school'; 'She is a fine lecturer but she doesn't like mentoring')

Super-classes GuidingSomething^c
GuidingaPerson^c

Menu^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Menu`
Description	A ''Menu''is a 'ListOfAlternatives' in which the 'entries', are ''DishOfFood''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'menu' in WordNet: 1. (1) menu, bill of fare, card, carte du jour, carte - (a list of dishes available at a restaurant; "the menu was in French")`
Super-classes	ListOfAlternatives^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only DishOfFood^c

MercantileOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MercantileOrganization`
Description	The approximate SUMO equivalent for 'SellingOrganization'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Merchandise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merchandise`
Description	''Merchandise'' is an 'ObjectGroup' each element of which is a 'ProductObject' that is available for sale, usually used for the products from one supplier, whether producer,wholesaler, or retailer. `NOTE that each instance of this is a Group of objects, not just one Object (unless a Merchant only has one for sale) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merchandise' in WordNet: 1. (4) merchandise, ware, product - (commodities offered for sale; 'good business depends on having good merchandise'; 'that store offers a variety of products')`
Super-classes	PluralThing^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Heterogeneous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ForSale^c hasComponentElement^op only ProductObject^c
Sub-classes	HouseholdItems^c Stock^c Contraband^c

Merchandising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merchandising`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'merchandise' in WordNet: 1. (1) trade, merchandise - (engage in the trade of; 'he is merchandising telephone sets')`
Super-classes	Selling^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Supplier^c hadRecipient^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	Trafficking^c

Merchant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merchant`
Description	A person involved in the ownership, management, and/or execution of a retail sales business. To be a ''Merchant'' one must sell some ''ProductObject''s and those must come from the merchant's ''Stock'' (inventory of merchandise the Merchant has available for sale, not necessarily owned by that merchant). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merchant' in WordNet: 1. (8) merchant, merchandiser - - (a businessperson engaged in retail trade)`
Super-classes	BusinessPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Selling^c controls^op value Stock^c
Sub-classes	Retailer^c Shopkeeper^c Trader^c Surveyor^c Grocer^c Jeweler^c

Mercury^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mercury

Description

The element ''Mercury''. In CYC it is a 'piece' of Mercury,but in COSMO a substance.

    CYC A piece of mercury; this is usually a liquid, at
        least here on Earth.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mercury' in WordNet:
          1. (13) mercury, quicksilver, hydrargyrum, Hg, atomic number 80 -
             (a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element;
             the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
ToxicSubstance^c
LiquidSubstance^c
ElectricalConductor^c

Mercy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mercy

Description

A Feeling disposing a person to be kind and forgiving of others.

      Includes noun senses  1, 2, and 3 of 'mercy' in WordNet:
        1. (4) clemency, mercifulness, mercy - (leniency and compassion
           shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with 
           administering justice; 'he threw himself on the mercy of the court')
    2. (2) mercifulness, mercy - (a disposition to be kind and forgiving;
      'in those days a wife had to depend on the mercifulness of her husband')
        3. (1) mercifulness, mercy - (the feeling that motivates compassion)

Super-classes Lenience^c

Mere^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mere

Description

''Mere'' modifies some type to specify that the instance categorized is it truly is of that type and not of any contrasting type.

   in usage 'a mere' and 'erely a' mean about the same thing
    See ''only'' for the adverbial form


    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mere' in WordNet:
      1. (22) mere - (being nothing more than specified; "a mere child")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Meretricious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meretricious

Description

Something ''Meretricious'' is intentionally deceptive and insincere, used especially of 'meretricious arguments'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'meretricious' in Wordnet:
          3. gilded, meretricious, specious - (based on pretense; deceptively pleasing; 
            'the gilded and perfumed but inwardly rotten nobility'; 'meretricious praise';
            'a meretricious argument')

Super-classes Insincere^c

Merit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merit

Description

''Virtue'' is an AttributeType that includes any attribute that is considered 'Good' (for some agent, for any purpose) - synonymous with'merit'

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merit' in WordNet:
       1. (3) merit, virtue - (any admirable quality or attribute; 'work of great merit')

Super-classes Virtue^c

Meritorious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meritorious`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meritorious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) meritorious, meritable - (deserving reward or praise; 'a lifetime of meritorious service'; 'meritorious conduct')`
Super-classes	Salient^c
Sub-classes	PrizeWinning^c

Mermaid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mermaid`
Description	CYC: A mythological being which lives in the sea and has the upper body of a woman and the lower parts of a fish. The male counterpart is the #$Merman. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mermaid' in WordNet: 1. (1) mermaid - (half woman and half fish; lives in the sea)`
Super-classes	FemaleAnimal^c IntelligentAgent^c MythicalThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value StunninglyBeautiful^c

Merman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merman

Description

A mythological being which lives in the sea and has the upper body of a man and the lower parts of a fish. The female counterpart is the #$Mermaid.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'merman' in WordNet:
          2. merman - (half man and half fish; lives in the sea)

Super-classes MaleAnimal^c
IntelligentAgent^c
MythicalThing^c

Merriment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merriment

Description

'Merriment' is the emotion experienced when one finds something very enjoyable or amusing, to the point where they smile or laugh. This is a higher level of good feeling than just 'having a good time'. This usually occurs for intervals of time that are more than just momentary.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merriment' and sense 1 of 'gaiety' in Wordnet:
        WN 'merriment'
        1. (2) gaiety, merriment - (a gay feeling)

Super-classes Entertained-Emotion^c

Merry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merry

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing Merriment.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'merry' in WordNet:
      1. (4) gay, jocund, jolly, jovial, merry, mirthful -
        (full of or showing high-spirited merriment; 'when hearts were young and gay';
        'a poet could not but be gay, in such a jocund company'- Wordsworth; 
        'the jolly crowd at the reunion'; 'jolly old Saint Nick'; 'a jovial old gentleman'; 
        'have a merry Christmas'; 'peals of merry laughter'; 'a mirthful laugh')

Super-classes Happy^c

Merrymaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merrymaking`
Description	A ''Merrymaking'' is a ''Celebration'' involving more than one Person that causes ''Enjoyment'' for (usually most) of the participants. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merrymaking' in WordNet: 1. (1) merrymaking, conviviality, jollification - (a boisterous celebration; a merry festivity)`
Super-classes	Celebration^c PleasantThing^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Enjoyment^c isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	Revelry^c

Mesa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mesa`
Description	CYC: A hill with steep sides and a flat top, found in arid climates. BUT RHW says a 'mesa' is 'extensive than a plateau'.??? RHW: a land formation, less extensive than a plateau, having steep walls and a relatively flat top and common in arid and semiarid parts of the southwestern U.S. and Mexico. NOTE: CYC has a ''Mesa'' categorized as a 'Hill' whereas WN has a ''Butte'' categorized as a flat-topped 'hill'. Perhaps if a ''Mesa'' is small enough to be tought of as a ''Hill'' it would be a ''"Butte''?? What is the minimum width for a ''Mesa'' and the maximum width for a ''Butte''??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mesa' in WordNet: 1. mesa, table - (flat tableland with steep edges; 'the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water')
Super-classes	Hill^c Plateau^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-topped^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Steep-sided^c

MesaVerdeCactus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MesaVerdeCactus`
Description
Super-classes	Cactus^c

Mescaline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mescaline`
Description	A hallucinogenic drug derived from Peyote cactus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mescaline' in WordNet: 1. mescaline, peyote - (the hallucinatory alkaloid that is the active agent in mescal buttons)`
Super-classes	Alkaloid^c Hallucinogen^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Peyote^c

Mesh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mesh`
Description	Any crisscrossed Network of strings, fibers, wires, or ropes that have visible pores between the component fibers. This is a general net, from relatively fine fish nets for fish tanks, large seines for fishing fleets, butterfly nets, and similar devices. The substance of which this type of Object consists is represented as ''Netting''. Called 'Net-Filter' in Cyc: Cyc: Nets ; used to filter out relatively large objects from a fluid such as air or water, or contain objects which are too large to fit through the holes in the netting. This is very general, but some specific subtypes such as a 'hairnet' are not directly included here, and may be added in extensions. Includes senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'net' and sense 3 of 'network' and sense 4 of 'mesh' in WordNet: 2. (2) net - (a trap made of netting to catch fish or birds or insects) 6. net, network, mesh, meshing, meshwork - (an open fabric of string or rope or wire woven together at regular intervals)
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Device^c GameEquipment^c PhysicalWeb^c Filter^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Netting^c
Sub-classes	Screen^c Grillwork^c GameNet^c NetTrap^c

Message^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Message`
Description	A Message is an AbstractDocument that is sent through some medium from a sender (which may be a group of people) to one or more recipients. This is an abstract object, typically represented in text, but possibly in signs or even in behavior or gestures.. ?@ToDo: several means of sending messages - do we need a general 'message transmission method'?? Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'message' and noun sense 2 of 'communication; in WordNet: 1. (20) message - (a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled; 'he sent a three-word message') 2. (11) message, content, subject matter, substance - (what a communication that is about something is about) WN noun 'communication': 2. (9) communication - (something that is communicated by or to or between people or groups) WN noun 'info': 1. information, info - (a message received and understood)
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value Information^c wasCreatedBy^op some (InformationTransferEvent^c or ActionType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c) isTheProductOf^op some (InformationTransferEvent^c or ActionType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c) hasIntendedRecipient^op some (InformationTransferEvent^c or ActionType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c or IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	Pledge^c Vow^c AuditoryCommunication^c Notice^c Petition^c DirectionsDocument^c Telegram^c EMailMessage^c Approval^c ShortMessage^c Instructions^c

MessageLog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MessageLog`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'log' in WordNet: 4. log - (a written record of messages sent or received; 'they kept a log of all transmission by the radio station'; 'an email log')`
Super-classes	WrittenLog^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LogBook^c hasTopic^op value Message^c

Messenger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Messenger`
Description	A Messenger is a Person that carries and transmits a Message from one person to another. Information can be transmitted by means other than a 'Messenger'. `NOTE that this is a 'HumanRole', so angels are not included (as messengers from God). except in a metaphorical sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'messenger' in WordNet: 1. (7) messenger, courier - (a person who carries a message)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some ConveyingInformation^c

MessengerRNA^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MessengerRNA

Description

''MessengerRNA'' is the subtype of ''RNA'' that is produced from DNA and and translated into protein on a ribosome. This is the intermediate step in the " DNA -> RNA -> protein " process used by cells to make proteins for any of many cellular functions. A ''MessengerRNA'' molecule carries the information ('message') of the protein structural sequence from the DNA of the genome to the robosome where it is translated into a protein molecule.

        CYC: #$MessengerRNA is the collection of #$RNAMolecules
        that direct the synthesis of proteins in the process of
        #$Translation-RNAToProtein. They are transcribed from a
        portion of a #$DNAMolecule during #$Transcription-DNAToRNA.

Super-classes RNA^c

MessingSomethingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MessingSomethingUp`
Description	''MessingSomethingUp'' is an Event in which some Object goes from being ''Tidy'' (neat) to ''Untidy'' (Messy) This type of Event is broadly aplicable to any Event that increases the level of disorder of an Object. `Includes verb sense 2 of 'mess' and sense 1of 'muss' in WordNet: 2. mess, mess up - (make a mess of or create disorder in; 'He messed up his room') WN verb 'muss' : 1. muss, tussle - (make messy or untidy; 'the child mussed up my hair')`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	mayCauseObjectToBecome^op value Untidy^c causedChange^op value DisorderingChange^c
Sub-classes	Littering^c

MetaCarpus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetaCarpus`
Description	`RHW: the part of a hand or forelimb, esp. of its bony structure, included between the wrist, or carpus, and the fingers, or phalanges Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metacarpus' in WordNet: 1. metacarpus - (the part of the hand between the carpus and phalanges)`
Super-classes	BoneStructure^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Metacarpal^c

MetaClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetaClass`
Description	A class all of whose instances are classes.
Super-classes	Type^c

MetaTarsal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetaTarsal`
Description	A ''MetaTarsal'' is a in the foot. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metatarsal' in WordNet: 1. metatarsal - (any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes)`
Super-classes	LongBone^c Bone^c
Restrictions	isConnectedTo^op value FootSole^c isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnkleAndToe^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Foot^c

MetaTarsus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetaTarsus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metatarsus' in WordNet: 1. metatarsus - (the skeleton of the human foot between the toes and the tarsus; the corresponding part of the foot in birds or of the hind foot in quadrupeds)`
Super-classes	BoneStructure^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MetaTarsal^c

Metabolic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metabolic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metabolic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) metabolic - (of or relating to metabolism; 'metabolic rate')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

MetabolicDisorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetabolicDisorder`
Description	A ''MetabolicDisorder'' is a subtype of 'AilmentCondition' that is not necessarily a ''Disease''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metabolic disorder' in WordNet: 1. metabolic disorder - (a disorder or defect of metabolism)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	GeneticDisease^c Diabetes^c

Metabolite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metabolite`
Description	A specialized term here just to fill in level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.56). Part of the meaning is captured by the restriction: (isTheProductOf Metabolizing) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metabolite' in Wordnet: 1. metabolite - (any substance involved in metabolism (either as a product of metabolism or as necessary for metabolism))`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c SubstanceRole^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Metabolizing^c

MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetabolizableCarbohydrate`
Description	In Cyc 'CarbohydrateStuff': A PhysicalSubstance consisting of a single sugar, or a linked two, three-, or multi-unit chain containing mostly sugar molecules, with possibly some appendages. Cyc: The collection of chemical compounds that includes #$Sugar-Generic, #$Starch, #$Cellulose, and related compounds. These compounds are produced naturally by green plants from carbon dioxide and water (see #$Photosynthesis-Generic). As food for #$Animals, #$CarbohydrateStuff supplies energy and is used in the production of fats. SUMO: An element of living cells and a source of energy for Animals. This class includes both simple Carbohydrates, i.e. sugars, and complex Carbohydrates, i.e. starches.
Super-classes	Carbohydrate^c Nutrient^c
Sub-classes	Disaccharide^c Ribose^c PowderedSugar^c Glycogen^c LumpSugar^c Pentose^c Cellulose^c TableSugar^c Glucose^c Starch^c Fructose^c

Metabolizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metabolizing`
Description	Each instance of 'Metabolizing' is one or more 'BiochemicalReaction's that occur inside an Organism. `Includes verb sense 1 of 'metabolize' and noun sense 2 of 'metabolism' in Wordnet: 1. (1) metabolize, metabolise - (produce by metabolism) WN 'metabolism' 2. metabolism, metabolic process, metastasis - (the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life)`
Super-classes	EventGroup^c BiochemicalReaction^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInside^op some OrganismType^c hasComponentElement^op only ChemicalReaction^c

Metacarpal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metacarpal`
Description	A 'Metacarpal'' is a Bone `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metacarpal' in WordNet: 1. metacarpal, metacarpal bone - (any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers)`
Super-classes	HandBone^c Bone^c LongBone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Hand^c isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WristAndFinger^c isConnectedTo^op value Palm^c

Metal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metal`
Description	A Metal is a substance having certain electrical conductivity characteristics. Some substances are borderline metals. NOTE that not all metals are solid at room temperature - e.g. mercury. Cyc comment: An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Every instance of #$Metal is a tangible object having certain characteristic physical and chemical properties. Instances of #$Metal are good conductors of electricity and heat, and most instances of #$Metal are solids at room temperature (although all instances of #$Mercury, for example, are liquids at room temperature). Solid instances of #$Metal have a shiny luster, and are highly malleable. Specializations of #$Metal include #$Mercury, #$Potassium, #$Brass, #$Lead, and #$Iron. Includes both senses of 'metal' in Wordnet, i.e. pure elements or alloys: in WordNet: 1. (39) metallic element, metal - (any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.) 2. alloy, metal - (a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten; 'brass is an alloy of zinc and copper')
Super-classes	InorganicChemical^c ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c NaturalResourceSubstance^c ElectricalConductor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shiny^c
Sub-classes	Alloy^c UnalloyedMetal^c WireStuff^c AlkaliMetal^c PreciousMetal^c

MetalContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalContainer`
Description	A 'MetalContainer' is a container that is made predominantly from some metal (usually steel or brass). It can be of any size or shape.
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c RigidObject^c
Sub-classes	FoodTin^c

MetalDisk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalDisk`
Description	A ''MetalDisk'' is any '''Disk' made mostly of some Metal.
Super-classes	MetalObject^c Disk^c SmallRigidSheet^c
Sub-classes	Coin^c

MetalGlaze^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalGlaze`
Description	A ''MetalGlaze'' is a ''CoatingMaterial'' that is applied to a ''MetalObject'' in liquid or semiliquid form and baked to harden it. It forms a thin hard shiny surface, usually of some color. The coating is hardened by baking or otherwise heating (as with radiation). `Corresponds to part (for metals) of noun sense 3 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 3. glaze - (coating for fabrics, ceramics, metal, etc.)`
Super-classes	CoatingMaterial^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value MetalObject^c

MetalIon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalIon`
Description	An ion derived from a metal atom.
Super-classes	Ion^c
Restrictions	isanIonizedFormOf^op some Metal^c

MetalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalObject`
Description	This is any ''SolidObject'' consisting mostly of some ''metal'' (an instance of ''MetalType'')
Super-classes	SolidObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some MetalType^c
Sub-classes	MetalDisk^c SilverPlatedObject^c SilverPlate^c Horseshoe^c StraightPin^c SheetOfMetal^c Ferrule^c

MetalOrPlastic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalOrPlastic`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c

MetalOre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalOre`
Description	A ''MetalOre'' is an ''Ore'' that can be processed to produce a Metal.
Super-classes	Mineral^c Ore^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op some MetalType^c canBeProcessedToProduce^op some MetalType^c
Sub-classes	IronOre^c Cuprite^c

MetalPlate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalPlate`
Description	A ''MetalPlate'' is a ''FlatPlate'' (stiff object) that is a ''SheetOfMetal'' and approximately. It can be attached to other objects, as a component part of an artifact, and may be rigidly attached or have some freedom to move. `Corresponds to part (metal) of noun sense 1 of 'plate' in Wordnet: 1. (7) plate - (a sheet of metal or wood or glass or plastic)`
Super-classes	SheetOfMetal^c FlatObject^c SheetArtifact^c FlatPlate^c
Sub-classes	Damper^c FlatBlade^c HoeBlade^c

MetalRod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalRod`
Description	A ''Rod'' composed of some ''Metal''.
Super-classes	Rod^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some MetalType^c
Sub-classes	Barbell^c BrandingIron^c

MetalStrip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalStrip`
Description	A ''MetalStrip'' is a ''Strip'' made of some ''Metal''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strip' in Wordnet: 2. (6) strip, slip - (artifact consisting of a narrow flat piece of material) 5. strip - (thin piece of wood or metal)`
Super-classes	Strip^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c

MetalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetalType`
Description	MetalType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Metals and an argument restriction for the relations on Metals. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	GoldType^c
Members	Cadmium Uranium Californium Tin Ruthenium Gallium Dysprosium Lanthanum Indium Protactinium Hafnium Plutonium StainlessSteel Scandium Alloy Nobelium Lutetium Thallium Vanadium Magnesium Chromium Beryllium Copper RareEarthElement Bismuth Einsteinium SteelWire Molybdenum Cobalt Silver Steel Rhenium Promethium Brass Iron Titanium Thulium Berkelium Neptunium Tantalum CopperWire Antimony Iridium Mercury Rhodium Polonium Mendelevium Europium Fermium Metal Gadolinium Samarium IronAlloy Germanium Tungsten Lawrencium Platinum Terbium Ytterbium Aluminum BarbWire Nickel Astatine Gold Manganese Americium Erbium Lead Osmium ConductingWire Neodymium Zinc Palladium Technetium Niobium Curium Calcium Bronze

Metallic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metallic

Description

     NOTE: the sense referring to sounds should be a different type pertaining
        to sounds, it is too  metaphorical and indirect for easy logical 
        description.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metallic' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) metallic, metal - (containing or made of or resembling 
            or characteristic of a metal; 'a metallic compound'; 'metallic luster'; 
             'the strange metallic note of the meadow lark, suggesting
                the clash of vibrant blades'- Ambrose Bierce)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Metamorphosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metamorphosis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metamorphosis' in WordNet: 1. metamorphosis, metabolism - (the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals)`
Super-classes	PhysicalTransformationEvent^c PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	produces^op value AdultAnimal^c isPerformedBy^op value Larva^c

Metaphor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metaphor

Description

A ''Metaphor'' is a ''FigureOfSpeech'' in which certain words (instances of subtypes of ''Metaphor'') are used in place of words that would normally convey the intended meaning, but use of the 'metaphor' creates an image suggesting a similarity without explicity using words designating similarity such as 'is like'. Thus; life is like a road' is a simile but 'life is a road', or 'on the road of life' is a metaphor.

    NOTE: in CYC this is classified as a ''LinguisticObject'' but in COSMO
       is is a form of Action (''FigureOfSpeech''). This is significantly
       different usage.
    CYC: A literary device in which a word or phrase is
        used to mean something other than the thing it literally
        denotes, thereby suggesting an analogy between them.

 See also related ''MetaphoricalManner''  - but relation between these types is
     is not yet specified.


     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metaphor' in WordNet:
         1. (3) metaphor - (a figure of speech in which an expression is used
           to refer to something that it does not literally denote 
           in order to suggest a similarity)

Super-classes FigureOfSpeech^c

Metaphorical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metaphorical

Description

An attribute of linguistic usage that is Figurative, specifically in which words have meanings that are not the normally expected original and standard dictionary meanings.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metaphorical' in WordNet:
           1. metaphorical, metaphoric - (expressing one thing
             in terms normally denoting another; 'a metaphorical expression'; 'metaphoric language')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
Figurative^c

MetaphoricalManner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetaphoricalManner

Description

A 'MetaphoricalManner'' is a ''NonLiteralManner'' that in which certain words (metaphors) are used in place of words that would normally convey the intended meaning, but use of the 'metaphor' creates an image suggesting a similarity without explicity using words designating similarity such as 'is like'. Thus; life is like a road' is a simile but 'life is a road', or 'on the road of life' is a metaphor

      See ''Metaphor'' for the actual subtype of ''FigureOfSpeech'' that
         is use in a ''MetaphoricalManner''

Super-classes NonLiteralManner^c

Metaphysical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metaphysical`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metaphysical' in WordNet: 1. (2) metaphysical - (pertaining to or of the nature of metaphysics; 'metaphysical philosophy')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Metaphysics^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metaphysics

Description

The ''Metaphysics'' is a branch of ''Philosophy'' concerned with recognizing the things that 'exist', rather that with their detailed description.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metaphysics' in WordNet:
          1. metaphysics - (the philosophical study of being and knowing)

Super-classes Philosophy^c

MetazoanCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetazoanCell`
Description	A MetazoanCell is a cell which is part of a multicellular organism.
Super-classes	BodyPart^c Cell^c

Meteor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meteor

Description

COSMO: This is the Event in which a Meteoroid enters the Earth's atmosphere and produces a visible streak of light while vaporizing at least part of its contents. The Object that does this is a Meteoroid, and if any part survives the descent, it is a Meteroite.

      NOTE: there is a dictionary interpretation in which a 
        Meteor is the object travelling through the atmosphere,
        but we treat it as the Event.

      The collection of all streaks of light formed when
        #$Meteoroids pass through the atmosphere.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteor' in Wordnet:
          1. meteor, shooting star - (a streak of light in the sky at night
            that results when a meteoroid hits the earth's atmosphere and
            air friction causes the meteoroid to melt or vaporize or explode)

Super-classes PhysicalTransformationEvent^c
LightPropagationEvent^c
AtmosphericEvent^c
MotionDownward^c
Translation-LocationChange^c

Meteorite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meteorite`
Description	Cyc: The collection of the remains of all #$Meteors that strike the surface of the Earth so long as they are larger than #$SandParticles. `SUMO: Any Meteoroid that leaves traces on the surface of Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteorite' in Wordnet: 1. (8) meteorite - (stony or metallic object that is the remains of a meteoroid that has reached the earth's surface)`
Super-classes	Meteoroid^c StoneObject-Natural^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Meteor^c

Meteoroid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meteoroid`
Description	COSMO: A Meteoroid is a small rocky (or metallic) object orbiting the sun. We adopt the Cyc definition; it is not necessary to enter the Earth's atmosphere to be a 'Meteoroid'. `Cyc: The collection of all meteoroids. An instance of this collection is a rock (#$StoneObject-Natural) smaller than an #$Asteroid which is orbiting the #$Sun. SUMO: Any AstronomicalBody that breaks through the atmosphere of Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteoroid' in Wordnet: 1. meteoroid, meteor - ((astronomy) any of the small solid extraterrestrial bodies that hits the earth's atmosphere)`
Super-classes	AstronomicalBody^c
Sub-classes	Meteorite^c

Meteorologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meteorologist`
Description	An ''Meteorologist'' is a Person who specializes in analyzing ''WeatherEvent'' data to find patterns and to make predictions about future ''WeatherEvent''s in some location. `CYC: The collection of all #$Scientists whose #$fieldsOfFormalEducation include #$Meteorology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteorologist' in WordNet: 1. meteorologist - (a specialist who studies processes in the earth's atmosphere that cause weather conditions)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c Analyst^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value WeatherEvent^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value FutureWeatherEvent^c createsObject^op value WeatherForecast^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Meteorology^c

Meteorology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meteorology`
Description	''Meteorology'' is an ''EarthScience'' that deals with ''WeatherEvent''s on the Earth, and atmospheric processes that affect them. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'meteorology' in WordNet: 1. meteorology, weather forecasting - (predicting what the weather will be) 2. meteorology - (the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather))`
Super-classes	EarthScience^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value WeatherEvent^c

Meter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meter

Description

SI LengthMeasure. Symbol: m. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the Meter is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a 'OneSecond'.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meter' in WordNet:
    1. (12) meter, metre, m - (the basic unit of length adopted 
       under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards))

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

Metering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metering`
Description	Each 'Metering' action is a Measuring that uses a 'MeteringDevice". `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'meter' in Wordnet: 1. (1) meter - (measure with a meter; 'meter the flow of water')`
Super-classes	Measuring^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op some (MeteringDevice^c or DeviceType^c)

MeteringDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MeteringDevice`
Description	Each 'MeteringDevice' is a 'MeasuringDevice' used to measure the rate at which some process occurs, or the total quantity of something that passes through a point - expecially meters for electricity, liquid flow, or numbers of units of objects passing some measuring station, or meters for lapsed time such as parking meters. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'meter' in WordNet; it is unclear if the Wordnet sense is only for devices that measure rates: in WordNet: 2. (1) meter - (any of various measuring instruments for measuring a quantity)`
Super-classes	MeasuringDevice^c
Sub-classes	Galvanometer^c Tachometer^c Voltmeter^c Speedometer^c

Methadone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Methadone

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'methadone' in WordNet:
         1. methadone, methadone hydrochloride, methadon, dolophine hydrochloride,
            fixer, synthetic heroin - (synthetic narcotic drug 
            similar to morphine but less habit-forming; used in narcotic 
            detoxification and maintenance of heroin addiction)

Super-classes Narcotic^c

Methane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Methane

Description

An OrganicCompound in which each molecule has one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is a gas at room temperature, but can be and often is shipped in tankers as a liquid at low temperatures.

       The main component of 'natural gas'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'methane' in WordNet:
         1. methane - (a colorless odorless gas used as a fuel)

Super-classes Alkane^c

Methicillin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Methicillin

Description

A ''Penicillin'' antibiotic used in human medicine. Some srtains of infectious staphylococci have become resistant, and are called 'methicillin resistant Staph aureus' or MRSA.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'methicillin' in Wordnet:
         1. methicillin - (antibiotic drug of the penicillin family used 
         in the treatment of certain staphylococcal infections)

Super-classes Penicillin^c

Method^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Method`
Description	A 'Method' is any of a variety of 'Specification's (MentalObjects) that are ways of accomplishing something that an agent might want to do. This is the most general concept that can point to an action might accomplish a Goal. The more specific subtype 'Procedure' is a Method that specifies discrete steps to accomplish a Goal. A 'method' may not be a stepwise Specification. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'method' in WordNet, but the suggestion in the Wordnet gloss that the Method should be stepwise is not required for this type in WordNet: 1. (112) method - (a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps))`
Super-classes	Specification^c
Sub-classes	HedgingTactic^c Procedure^c

Methodical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Methodical

Description

''Methodical'' characterizes Actions that are performed carefully according to some 'system' or 'plan'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'methodical' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) methodical - (characterized by method and orderliness; 'a methodical scholar')

Super-classes Systematic^c
Orderly^c

Methodically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Methodically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'methodically' in Wordnet: 1. (5) methodically - (in a methodical manner; 'she worked methodically')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

MethodistPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MethodistPerson

Description

CYC: The collection of people who consider themselves to be adherents of the Methodist religion (not yet represented).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Methodist' in WordNet:
          1. Methodist - (a follower of Wesleyanism as practiced by
            the Methodist Church)

Super-classes ProtestantPerson^c

Methodological^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Methodological`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'methodological' in Wordnet: 1. methodological - (relating to the methodology of some discipline; 'methodological errors')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Methodology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Methodology`
Description	A Methodology is not a specific Procedure or Method to accomplish a specific goal, but a set of procedures which may be applied individually or collectively to accomplish some general category of tasks. A specific example is the 'Scientific Method' in which hypotheses are created and verified or disproved by experiment or observation. Various categories of mathematical Propcedures might collectively form a 'methodology' for accomplishing some types of mathematical problems. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'methodology' in Wordnet: 2. methodology - (the system of methods followed in a particular discipline)`
Super-classes	Specification^c
Sub-classes	Topology^c Algebra^c ScientificMethod^c Statistics^c Arithmetic^c Trigonometry^c Mathematics^c Geometry^c Logic^c Rhetoric^c Calculus^c

Meticulous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meticulous

Description

'punctilious' is related to but not the same as this type.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meticulous' in Wordnet:
     1. meticulous, punctilious - (marked by precise accordance with details; 
        'meticulous research'; 'punctilious in his attention to rules of etiquette')
     2. meticulous - (marked by extreme care in treatment of details; 'a meticulous craftsman'; 
        'almost worryingly meticulous in his business formalities')

Super-classes Painstaking^c

Meticulously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Meticulously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'meticulously' in Wordnet: 1. (4) meticulously - (in a meticulous manner; 'the set was meticulously authentic')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Painstakingly^c

Metonym^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metonym`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metonym' in WordNet: 1. metonym - (a word that is used metonymically; a word that denotes one thing but refers to a related thing)`
Super-classes	Word^c

Metonymic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metonymic

Description

''Metonymic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Metonym'' or things that behave like a ''Metonym'', using one word to refer to something associated with it, often a part, such as 'wheels' for an 'automobile'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metonymic' in Wordnet:
          1. metonymic, metonymical - (using the name of one thing for that of another
             with which it is closely associated; 'to say 'he spent the evening reading Shakespeare' 
             is metonymic because it substitutes the author himself for the author's works')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Metric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metric

Description

'Metric' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that refers to the Metric system of measures.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metric' in WordNet:
      1. (6) metric, metrical - (based on the meter as a standard of measurement;
         'the metric system'; 'metrical equivalents')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MetricDimension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetricDimension`
Description	A 'Dimension' in which there is a defined 'distance' measure that allows one to specify the distance between any two points in the Dimension. Corresponds approximately to the union of senses 1 (mathematical) and 5 (topology) of 'dimension' in RHW: 1.Math. a. a property of space; extension in a given direction: A straight line has one dimension, a parallelogram has two dimensions, and a parallelepiped has three dimensions. b. the generalization of this property to spaces with curvilinear extension, as the surface of a sphere. c. the generalization of this property to vector spaces and to Hilbert space. 5. Topology. a. a magnitude that, independently or in conjunction with other such magnitudes, serves to define the location of an element within a given set, as of a point on a line, an object in a space, or an event in space-time. Includes sense 3 of 'dimension' in WordNet: 3. (1) dimension - (one of three Cartesian coordinates that determine a position in space)
Super-classes	Dimension^c
Sub-classes	DimensionOfCausality^c

MetricSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetricSpace`
Description	A ''MetricSpace'' is a ''Space'' in which the locations of a point on each ''Dimension'' can be represented by a real number. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metric space' in WordNet: 1. metric space - (a set of points such that for every pair of points there is a nonnegative real number called their distance that is symmetric and satisfies the triangle inequality)`
Super-classes	Space^c
Restrictions	has^op value MetricDimension^c

MetricTon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetricTon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metric ton' in WordNet: 1. metric ton, MT, tonne, t - (a unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms)`
Super-classes	MassMeasure^c

MetricUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetricUnit`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure in the metric system - liters, kilograms, meters, seconds, degrees C. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metric unit' in WordNet: 1. (8) metric unit, metric - (a decimal unit of measurement of the metric system (based on meters and kilograms and seconds); 'convert all the measurements to metric units'; 'it is easier to work in metric')`
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Sub-classes	MetricUnitOfLength^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#millimeters

MetricUnitOfLength^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetricUnitOfLength`
Description	A ''MetricUnitOfLength'' is a ''UnitOfMeasure'' that is a ''MetricUnit''.
Super-classes	MetricUnit^c UnitOfLength^c

MetricalFoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MetricalFoot`
Description	Each ''MetricalFoot'' is a unit of ''Cadence'' in a ''Poem'' . NOTE @ToDo: this hierarchy deviates from the WN hierarchy at this point (rev1657) because the WN hierarchy appears to mingle the part and the description of Meter; needs more analysis. This is part of a line of a Poem. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metrical foot' in WordNet: 1. metrical foot, foot, metrical unit - ((prosody) a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm)`
Super-classes	Cadence^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op min 2 isaProperPartOf^op value Poem^c isaComponentElementOf^op value LineOfVerse^c
Sub-classes	Iamb^c

Metronome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metronome`
Description	A ''Metronome'' is a ''Timepiece'' that repeatedly measures the passage of some interval of time, using a clicking sound to indicate the end of each interval, and an inverted pendulum-like ball on a rod to vary the time interval to be measured and further indicate the progression of the time interval. This is used in practicing music to help the player maintain a proper tempo while playing. `NOTE: WN classifies a metronome as a type of pendulum, but this is not a ''Pendulum'' which in WN swings under gravity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metronome' in WordNet: 1. metronome - (clicking pendulum indicates the exact tempo of a piece of music)`
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c Timepiece^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c isUsedToMeasure^op value TimeInterval^c

Metropolitan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Metropolitan`
Description	''Metropolitan''' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that is distinctive to or characteristic of a ''CityRegion'', particularly a large City with several sections, one of which is includes a ''City'' (the urban center). This includes outlying potentialy suburban-like areas that are formally part of a large ;City''. The subtype ''Urban'' pertains to the specific part of a Metropolis that is the center city. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metropolitan' in WordNet: 1. (15) metropolitan - (relating to or characteristic of a metropolis; 'metropolitan area')`
Super-classes	Regional^c
Sub-classes	Urban^c

MewingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MewingSound

Description

A 'mewing' or 'meowing' sound made by Cats. Includes higher-pitched sounds of young cats and lower-pitchedsounds of adult cats.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mew' in WordNet:
        1. meow, mew, miaou, miaow, miaul - 
        (the sound made by a cat (or any sound resembling this))

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Mexican^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mexican

Description

''Mexican'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Mexico''. This is usually written with a capital 'M'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mexican' in WordNet:
       1. (4) Mexican - (of or relating to Mexico or its inhabitants; "Mexican food is hot")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MexicanFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MexicanFood`
Description	''MexicanFood'' is an ''EthnicFood'' originally created and eaten by the people of Mexico.
Super-classes	EthnicFood^c
Restrictions	hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mexico^c

MexicanFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MexicanFoodObject`
Description	''MexicanFoodObject'' is a ''EthnicFoodObject'' of a type originating in Mexico.
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mexico^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value MexicanFood^c
Sub-classes	Taco^c

MexicanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MexicanPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Mexico, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mexican' in WordNet: 1. (17) Mexican - (a native or inhabitant of Mexico)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mexico^c

Mica^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mica`
Description	Aluminum silicate based rock that characteristically splits into sheets. Thin sheets of #$Mica are #$Translucent. RHW: any member of a group of minerals, hydrous silicates of aluminum with other bases, chiefly potassium, magnesium, iron, and lithium, that separate readily into thin, tough, often transparent, and usually elastic laminae; isinglass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mica' in WordNet: 1. mica, isinglass - (any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity)
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Sub-classes	Biotite^c Muscovite-Mineral^c

MicroLifeForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MicroLifeForm`
Description	MicroLifeForm is a category that includes Virus and Microorganisms. This is useful where, as in COSMO, a ''Virus'' is not considered a ''Microorganism''.
Super-classes	LifeForm^c MicroscopicScaleObject^c
Sub-classes	Virus^c Microorganism^c

Microbe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microbe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microbe' in WordNet: 1. microbe, bug, germ - (a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use)`
Super-classes	Microorganism^c

Microbial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microbial`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'microbial' in WordNet: 1. (1) microbial, microbic - (of or involving or caused by or being microbes; 'microbial warfare')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bacterial^c

Microbiologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microbiologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microbiologist' in WordNet: 1. microbiologist - (a specialist in microbiology)`
Super-classes	Biologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Microbiology^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Microorganism^c
Sub-classes	Bacteriologist^c

Microbiology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microbiology`
Description	''Microbiology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' that studies ''Microorganism''s (microbes). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microbiology' in WordNet: 1. microbiology - (the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans)`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Microorganism^c
Sub-classes	Bacteriology^c

Microcosm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microcosm`
Description	A ''Microcosm'' is a ''MiniatureExample'' that can serve to provide some analogical lessons about how the larger system of which it is a model will behave. This can be used for Groups of People or other animals that may provide useful information about the potential behavior of the larger group. 'The party in microcosm' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microcosm' in WordNet: 1. (1) microcosm - (a miniature model of something)`
Super-classes	MiniatureExample^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Miniature^c

Microfiche^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microfiche

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces of microfiche. A Microfiche is a rectangular piece of film media with frames arranged in columns and rows. See also Microfilm.

        The difference between a ''Microfiche'' and a ''Microfilm''' is that the latter
          is usually on a long thin strip and the former on a hand-sized 
          rectangular sheet about the size of an index card.  The viewers for the two types
          of document recording are also different.

          RHW: 1.  a flat sheet of microfilm in a form suitable for filing,
             typically measuring 4 by 6 in. (10 by 15 cm) and containing 
             microreproductions, as of printed or graphic matter, in a grid pattern.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microfiche' in WordNet:
          1. microfiche - (small sheet of microfilm on which many pages 
           of material have been photographed; a magnification system is used to read the material)

Super-classes Microfilm^c

Microfilm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microfilm`
Description	This type is for an exposed and developed piece of micofilsm, a ''Photograph'' with some image on it. `CYC: The collection of all pieces of microfilm, whether exposed or not. Microfilm generally consists of a sequence of images (frames) in a roll. See also Microfiche. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'microfilm' (but this is for the exposed film with an image) in WordNet: 1. microfilm - (film on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size; useful for storage; a magnification system is used to read the material)`
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value GroupOfPhotographs^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value AbstractDocument^c
Sub-classes	Microfiche^c

Micronutrient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Micronutrient`
Description	Included only because of location in Wordnet hierarchy. This is a subtype of 'Nutrient' in COSMO, but not in WN. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'micronutrient' in WordNet: 1. micronutrient - (a substance needed only in small amounts for normal body function (e.g., vitamins or minerals))`
Super-classes	Nutrient^c
Sub-classes	Vitamin^c

Microorganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microorganism`
Description	A specialization of both #$MicroscopicScaleObject and #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$Microorganism is an organism too small to be seen by humans without the aid of a microscope. Notable specializations of #$Microorganism include #$Protozoan, #$Virus, and #$ProkaryoticCell. `SUMO: An Organism that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope. COSMO note: This means that the single unit needs a microscope to visualize; of course, microorganisms can form colonies that are visible to the naked eye. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microorganism' in Wordnet: 1. (5) microorganism, micro-organism - (any organism of microscopic size)`
Super-classes	MicroLifeForm^c Organism^c
Sub-classes	Microbe^c SingleCellOrganism^c PathogenicMicroorganism^c

Microphone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microphone`
Description	The electrical component used to transform sound into electrical signals. This includes any device that serves that purpose, regardless of size, configuration, composition,or sensitivity. `SUMO: A CommunicationDevice that converts sound into electrical energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microphone' in Wordnet: 1. (4) microphone, mike - (device for converting sound waves into electrical energy)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c MusicEquipment^c CommunicationDevice^c ElectroAcousticTransducer^c PortableObject^c ElectricSensor^c ElectricalComponent^c VibrationThroughAMediumSensor^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ConvertingSoundIntoElectricalSignals^c isDesignedToProduce^op value ElectricalSignal^c detects^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	TelephoneMouthpiece^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsLaptopMicrophone

Microprocessor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microprocessor

Description

A specialization of #$IntegratedCircuit. Each instance of #$Microprocessor is an integrated circuit that functions as a #$CentralProcessingUnit.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microprocessor' in WordNet:
          1. microprocessor - (integrated circuit semiconductor chip 
             that performs the bulk of the processing and controls the parts of a system;
             'a microprocessor functions as the central processing unit of a microcomputer';
             'a disk drive contains a microprocessor to handle the internal functions of the drive')

Super-classes CentralProcessingUnit^c

Microscope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microscope`
Description	Collection of scientific devices designed for viewing small biological objects or parts of objects. `COSMO note: this is for optical microscopes only, not Electron microscopes. SUMO: An OpticalDevice with a stand and a focus, which is used for magnifying the images of things that are placed in the stand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microscope' in WordNet: 1. (11) microscope - (magnifier of the image of small objects; 'the invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell')`
Super-classes	SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual^c Device-SingleUser^c SmallObject^c LensedOpticalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Magnifying^c hasMannerOfUse^op value LookingInsideAnObject^c

Microscopic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microscopic

Description

''Microscopic'' is a way to express the notion 'so Extremely Small that one would need effort to detect it' or 'negligibly small'. Can be used to
assert that two things have only unimportant differences.

       For the attribute 'microscopic' to refer to microscopes and related things,
       use ''Microscopical''.

       Includs adjective senses 2 and 4 of 'microscopic' and adj sense 2 of 'minute' in WordNet:
           2. microscopic, microscopical - (too small to be seen except under a microscope)
           4. infinitesimal, minute, microscopic - (infinitely or immeasurably small;
           'two minute whiplike threads of protoplasm'; 'reduced to a microscopic scale')
       WN adj 'minute':
         1. (5) infinitesimal, minute, microscopic - (infinitely or immeasurably small; 
           'two minute whiplike threads of protoplasm'; 'reduced to a microscopic scale')
         2. atomic, atomlike, minute - (immeasurably small)

Super-classes Tiny^c

MicroscopicScaleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MicroscopicScaleObject`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, a SubatomicParticle is not an instance of this type. This type partly overlaps with 'Particle' - the distinction is not resolved as of v0.54. This should be used for objects down to atom-sized. Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$MicroscopicScaleObject is a partially tangible object which is so small that human beings cannot perceive it, except (perhaps) with the use of special devices such as #$Microscopes or #$ElectronMicroscopes. Specializations of #$MicroscopicScaleObject include #$Molecule, #$Atom, #$SubAtomicParticle, #$Chloroplast, and #$Mitochondrion. This is one of a series of categories for PhysicalObject of different size renages: For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Microscopic^c
Sub-classes	ChargedParticle^c SubatomicObject^c Cell^c NanoScaleObject^c ChemicalObject^c CellPart^c Prion^c MicroLifeForm^c

Microscopical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microscopical

Description

''Microscopical'' is a AttributeValue of things pertaining to ''Microscope''s or microscopy

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'microscopic' in WordNet:
        1. (4) microscopic, microscopical - (of or relating to or used
        in microscopy; 'microscopic analysis'; 'microscopical examination')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Microtheory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Microtheory`
Description	A specialization of #$AspatialInformationStore. Each instance of #$Microtheory is an abstract informational thing that represents a context in Cyc. Each microtheory (or 'mt') serves to group a set of assertions together that share some common assumptions; the assertions in an mt constitute the content of that mt. Note that each assertion in the Cyc knowledge base must be explicitly stated to be true in at least one microtheory. Assertions stated to be true in one mt will also be true (by inference) in more specialized mts that depend on the content of that mt. For example, if something is true in the #$HumanSocialLifeMt (q.v.), then it should by default be true in the more specialized #$UnitedStatesSocialLifeMt (q.v.). Specialized microtheories are related to the more general microtheories on which they depend by the predicate #$genlMt (q.v.). Note that every query is made in some mt, and the answer one gets to a query depends on the mt in which it is asked, since the only assertions which can be used to answer a query in an mt are those explicitly stated to be true in that mt, or in some more general mt. See also the predicate #$ist, which is used to relate an assertion to the microtheories in which it is true.
Super-classes	Context^c Theory^c Group^c
Sub-classes	PropositionalAttitudeContext^c NeedMicrotheory^c Expectation^c

MicrowaveOven^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MicrowaveOven

Description

An ''Oven'' that uses ''MicrowaveRadiation'' to heat food or drink.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microwave oven' in Wordnet:
           1. microwave, microwave oven - (kitchen appliance that cooks food by passing
               an electromagnetic wave through it; heat results from the absorption 
               of energy by the water molecules in the food)

Super-classes Oven^c

MicrowaveRadiation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MicrowaveRadiation

Description

CYC: A collection of events; a subset of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each element of #$MicrowaveRadiation is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from approximately .01 centimeters (1X10^6 #$Angstrom) to 10 centimeters (1X10^9 #$Angstrom), and a frequency of approximately 3X10^9 #$Hertz to 3X10^12 #$Hertz. This includes transmissions of super high frequency (SHF) including #$Microwave-SBand, #$Microwave-CBand, #$Microwave-XBand, #$Microwave-KuBand, #$Microwave-KaBand.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microwave' in WordNet:
          1. (2) microwave - (a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared 
            but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens 
            and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data)

Super-classes ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c

Mid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mid`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mid' in Wordnet: 1. (8) mid - (used in combination to denote the middle; 'midmorning'; 'midsummer'; 'in mid-1958'; 'a mid-June wedding')`
Super-classes	Central^c

Mid-Air^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mid-Air

Description

''Mid-Air'' is a AttributeValue characterizing objects or locations that are located in ''MidAir'', i.e. within the EarthsAtmosphere and not supported from above or below.

     No adj sense of 'mid-air' in WN.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MidAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MidAir`
Description	''MidAir'' is any Place in EarthsAtmosphere that is not touching a supporting surface - used to describe objects that are not supported from above or below, or events that do not occur between objects so supported. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midair' in WordNet: 1. (1) midair - (some point in the air; above ground level; 'the planes collided in midair')`
Super-classes	Role^c Place^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c

MidPoint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MidPoint

Description

A ''MidPoint'' is a 'RelativePoint' that is in the 'center' of a one- or two- or three-dimensional Object.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midpoint' in WordNet:
         1. center, centre, midpoint - (a point equidistant
             from the ends of a line or the extremities of a figure)

Super-classes RelativePoint^c
PhysicalObject^c

Midday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midday`
Description	''Midday'' is the class of TimeIntervals that begin at about 10:30 AM and end at about 2:00 PM. This overlaps with ''Morning'' and ''Afernoon'' and depends on the time zone. `RHW noun 'midday': 1, The middle of the day; noon or the time centering around noon. This time inerval includes Noon, but is an interval, not a time point: in WordNet: 1. (1) noon, twelve noon, high noon, midday, noonday, noontide - (the middle of the day)`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c DayTime^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MorningAndAfternoon^c

Middle-Class^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Middle-Class`
Description	''Middle-Class'' is the attribute of a Person who is neither rich nor poor.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'middle-class' in Wordnet: 1. (15) middle-class - (occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy)`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bourgeois^c

MiddleAge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleAge`
Description	''MiddleAge'' is the LifeStage that a Person is in etween early adulthood (to age 40) and old age (starting at 60) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'middle age' in WordNet: `1. middle age - (the time of life between youth and old age (e.g., between 40 and 60 years of age))`
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value HumanAdult^c

MiddleAged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleAged

Description

''MiddleAged'' is a term meaning 'neither old nor young' but applied to humans,where it has a specific meaning - 45 to 64 years of age.

       Corresponds to adjectie sense 1 of 'middle-aged' in WordNet:
         1. (4) middle-aged - (being roughly between 45 and 65 years old)

Super-classes Old^c

MiddleAges^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleAges`
Description	Each ''MiddleAges'' is a ''HistoricalPeriod'' that is considered by some Historians to fit the description of ''Middle Ages''. This is a type rather than an instance of TimeInterval because it may be defined differently by different historians,and because the events characteristic of the 'Middle Ages' may occur at different times in different places. Ends roughly at the 'Renaissance' in Europe. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Middle Ages' in WordNet: 1. (5) Middle Ages, Dark Ages - (the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance)`
Super-classes	HistoricalPeriod^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HistoricalEvent^c

MiddleClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleClass`
Description	The ''MiddleClass'' is the ''EconomicClass'' that is neither rich nor poor.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'middle class' in WordNet: 1. (9) middle class, bourgeoisie - (the social class between the lower and upper classes)`
Super-classes	EconomicClass^c
Sub-classes	Confectioner^c

MiddleNameString^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleNameString

Description

A MiddleNameString is a NameString that was given to some person, at birth or by some legal process, that serves the same function as a family name or surname. In some cultures the middle name may be derived from a relative; in Russia, the MiddleNameString is typically the 'patronymic', derived from the father's first name, as in 'Boris Vasilyevich Zarkov', where the father's first name was 'Vassily'. In some cultures, for some individuals, the mother's maiden name might be used as a middle name.

  The first letter of the true MiddleNameString may often be used as a 
  middle name, and this Type allows the middle initial (with or without a period)
  to be included as a MiddleNameString for a person.  The MiddleNameString
  of an individual will therefore not be unique, though when an initial is
  used it is predictable from the actual MiddleNameString.

  A particular MiddleNameString may be the MiddleName for many people.

Super-classes NameString^c

MiddleOfAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleOfAnEvent`
Description	Each MiddleOfAnEvent is an Event that occurs within the temporal extent of some Event that is neither the EndOfAnEvent nor the BeginningOfAnEvent for the same Event. Each such part (which is not necessarily unique, since there may be several intervals referred to as the 'middle') may be chosen somewhat arbitrarily. NOTE that this is an Event, whereas the WordNet synset seems to include both Events and TimeIntervals. For the middle of a TimeInterval, use 'MiddleOfaTimeInterval'. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'middle' (for Events) in WordNet: 4. (1) middle - (time between the beginning and the end of a temporal period; 'the middle of the war'; 'rain during the middle of April')`
Super-classes	FiatProcessPart^c CenterPart^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)

MiddleOfAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleOfAnObject`
Description	The middle part of a PhysicalObject that has perceptible ends, or the center of a solid object. This is a vaguely defined Object, which may be a fiat Object (no clearly delimited ends), that separates the two ends (for a linear object), or is the innermost part of a RoundObject (in which case it is also the inner part). This might be set as disjoint from 'EndOfAnObject', but for compound objects the middles and ends might intermingle. NOTE that a ''MiddleOfAnObject'' that has restriction that it is a ''isaPhysicalPartOf'' an Object can be interpreted as being the middle of that Object that is the object of the relation. That can be expressed as an inference in FOL. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'middle' and sense 2 of 'center' in WordNet - this type does not include regions that are in the middle of other regions - for that sense use 'MiddleOfaRegion': in WordNet: 1. (10) center, centre, middle, heart, eye - (an area that is approximately central within some larger region; 'it is in the center of town'; 'they ran forward into the heart of the struggle'; 'they were in the eye of the storm')
Super-classes	CenterPart^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c RelativeLocation^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	CityCenter^c Hub^c BoneShaft^c Core^c

MiddleOfaRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleOfaRegion`
Description	The middle part of a Region of space - 1D, 2D, 3D., or higher dimensional. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'middle' in WordNet - this type does not include parts of PhysicalObjects - for that sense use 'MiddleOfAnObject': 1. (10) center, centre, middle, heart, eye - (an area that is approximately central within some larger region; 'it is in the center of town'; 'they ran forward into the heart of the struggle'; 'they were in the eye of the storm')`
Super-classes	CenterPart^c PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op some (PhysicalSpaceRegion^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	Midfield^c

MiddleOfaTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleOfaTimeInterval`
Description	Each 'MiddleOfaTimeInterval' is a 'TimeInterval' that lies between two other 'TimeInterval's within some larger 'TimeInterval' that has been labeled and referenced. Except for the BeginningOfTime, every 'TimeInterval' is between two others, but this type will only be used when some specific 'TimeInterval' is of interest ('he went to China in the middle of April'), and the CenterPart of that TimeInterval needs to be referenced. `NOTE that this is a TimeInterval, whereas the WordNet synset includes both Events and TimeIntervals. For the middle of an Event ('middle of the war') use 'MiddleOfAnEvent'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'middle' (for Events) in WordNet: 4. (1) middle - (time between the beginning and the end of a temporal period; 'the middle of the war'; 'rain during the middle of April')`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c CenterPart^c
Restrictions	isWithinTimeInterval^op some TimeInterval^c

Midfield^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midfield`
Description	''Midfield'' is the middle part of a ''AthletiField'', particularly one that has two ends with goal, as a soccer field or football field. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midfield' in WordNet: 1. midfield - ((sports) the middle part of a playing field (as in football or lacrosse))`
Super-classes	MiddleOfaRegion^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op some AthleticField^c

Midlife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midlife`
Description	'''Midlife'' is an AttributeValue that characterizes and pertains to the middle stage of Human life - ''MiddleAge'' between ages 39 and 60 (or between 45 and 55, acording to another dictionary; or 'between 45 and 65 or thereabout', according to another dictionary). ' midlife crisis' - a reexamination of one's life and goals
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Midnight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midnight`
Description	A TimePoint that is 12 hours after ''Noon'' of each day, occurring approximately in the middle of the night in the timezon where it occurs. `Note that this is a 'RecurringTimeInterval', but TimePoints in COSMO are also instances of TimeInterval - of zero duration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midnight' in Wordnet: 1. (7) midnight - (12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night; 'young children should not be allowed to stay up until midnight')`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf some NightTime^c

Midst^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midst

Description

A ''Midst'' is the inside of a Place containing a number of Objects, usually people or other living things. Sometimes used for in the middle of a series of Actions.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midst' in WordNet:
        1. (3) midst, thick - (the location of something surrounded 
          by other things; 'in the midst of the crowd')

Super-classes Interior^c

Midterm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midterm`
Description	''Midterm'' is the ''TimeInterval'' that occurred in the middle of a ''TermOfAnActivity''. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'midterm' in Wordnet: 1. midterm - (the middle of the gestation period) 2. midterm - (middle of an academic term or a political term in office)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf value TermOfOffice^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf value TermOfAnActivity^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf value GestationPeriod^c

Midtown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midtown`
Description	''Midtown'' is the middle part of a city (or of a Borough of a City, as in ''midtown Manhattan') large enough to have an ''Uptown'' and ''Downtown''. NOTE: in this case, ''UptownAndDowntown'' is represented as a type (owl:Class rather than an instance of ''Pair''. This is an alternative and more logically specific way to represent the ''Pair' in an ''inBetween'' relation, but it is not clear if there is any good linguistic reason for the choice; it takes more time and space this way. Depends on whether that class is likely to be used elsewhere. No WN entry for 'midtown': RHW 'midtown': 1. the middle part of a city or town between uptown and downtown.
Super-classes	CityArea^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some UptownAndDowntown^c

Midwestern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midwestern

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'midwestern' in Wordnet:
        1. (4) midwestern - (of a region of the United States generally including Ohio; 
            Indiana; Illinois; Iowa; Missouri; Kansas; Nebraska; and sometimes Michigan;
            Wisconsin; Minnesota; 'a midwestern city'; 'midwestern accent')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Midwife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Midwife`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midwife' in WordNet: 1. midwife, accoucheuse - (a woman skilled in aiding the delivery of babies)`
Super-classes	Nurse^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Childbirth^c

Might-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Might-Physical`
Description	The attributeValue 'Might-Physical' is the ability possessed by a Person, Group of People, or Organization that has an unusually high level of ability to cause physical events to happen, beyond the level of an average person. This is a measure of physical strength, and can be applied to individual people, but is also a measure of command of resources, such as possessed by the leader of a country, or of a country itself viewed as an agent. In the latter case it overlaps somewhat with 'Might-Social'. A military force may have ''Might-Physical'' by virtue of the weapons it has. `WN 'might': 1. (3) might, mightiness, power - (physical strength)`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c Strength^c
Restrictions	isaHigherLevelOf^op value Strength^c
Sub-classes	Grip^c

Might-Social^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Might-Social`
Description	The attributeValue 'Might-Social' is the ability possessed by a Person who is very 'Influential', i.e. has the ability to affect the beliefs or attitudes of many other people, to the extent that the person who has 'Might-Social' can actually cause other people to do things. This is the attribute of managers, and is possessed in a high degree by the leaders to large corporations or of geopolitical entities. 'powerful senators'; 'a powerful corporate leader' `For military 'might' of a nation, see 'Might-Physical'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'mighty' and sense 3 of 'powerful' in WordNet and noun sense 1 of 'power' : in WordNet: 1. (10) mighty - (having or showing great strength or force or intensity; 'struck a mighty blow'; 'the mighty logger Paul Bunyan'; 'the pen is mightier than the sword'- Bulwer-Lytton) WN 'powerful' 3. (2) potent, powerful - (having great influence)`
Super-classes	SocialPower^c
Sub-classes	Clout^c

Mighty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mighty`
Description	The attributeValue ''Mighty'' characterizes Agents with ''Might-Physical''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mighty' in Wordnet: 1. (10) mighty - (having or showing great strength or force or intensity; 'struck a mighty blow'; 'the mighty logger Paul Bunyan'; 'the pen is mightier than the sword'- Bulwer-Lytton) WN 'powerful' 5. herculean, powerful - (displaying superhuman strength or power; 'herculean exertions')`
Super-classes	Powerful^c
Sub-classes	Almighty^c

MigraineHeadache^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MigraineHeadache

Description

A HeadAche that is intense and lasts for hours, and recurs at intervals. Random House Webster: 'an extremely severe paroxysmal headache, usually confined to one side of the head and often associated with nausea; hemicrania.'

     Corresponds to sense 1 of 'migraine' in WordNet:
       1. migraine, megrim, sick headache, hemicrania - (a severe recurring vascular headache;
         occurs more frequently in women than men)

Super-classes Headache^c

Migrant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Migrant`
Description	A ''Migant'' is not necessarily an ''Immigrant'', as the moving can take place within a single country. `''Migrant''s are an ''Absentee''s from their own former homes.(WordNet classification) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'migrant' in WordNet: 1. migrant, migrator - (traveler who moves from one region or country to another)`
Super-classes	Absentee^c Traveler^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some ChangeOfResidence^c
Sub-classes	Immigrant^c MigrantFarmWorker^c Settler^c Refugee^c

MigrantFarmWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MigrantFarmWorker`
Description	A farm worker who travels from state to state in search for work.
Super-classes	FarmWorker^c Migrant^c

Migrating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Migrating`
Description	This is for human migrating from country to country. Use the parent type ''Migration'' for the more general sense of changing residence region,for animals or for humans that are not crossing national boundaries. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'migrate' in WordNet: 1. (4) migrate, transmigrate - (move from one country or region to another and settle there; 'Many Germans migrated to South America in the mid-19th century'; 'This tribe transmigrated many times over the centuries') WN noun 'migration': 1. (2) migration - (the movement of persons from one country or locality to another)`
Super-classes	ChangeOfResidence^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ExitingaCountry^c hasSubEvent^op value EnteringaCountry^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Migrant^c
Sub-classes	Immigrating^c Emigrating^c

Migration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Migration`
Description	This is the general sense of 'migration' for the changing region of residence, for animals or for humans. For humans that are crossing national boundaries use, the subtype 'Migrating''. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'migrate' (includes animals) and noun sense 1 of 'migration'in WordNet: 1. (4) migrate, transmigrate - (move from one country or region to another and settle there; 'Many Germans migrated to South America in the mid-19th century'; 'This tribe transmigrated many times over the centuries') WN noun 'migration': 1. (2) migration - (the movement of persons from one country or locality to another)`
Super-classes	ChangeOfResidence^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Migrant^c hasSubEvent^op value EnteringaCountry^c hadThingTransferred^op value PlaceOfResidence^c hasSubEvent^op value ExitingaCountry^c

Migratory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Migratory

Description

''Migratory'' is the attribute of a ''NonHumanAnimal'' that does not live in one contiguous area,but periodically moves some distance to one or more other disconnected areas.

      For humans that move their dwellings from place to place use 'nomadic'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'migratory' in Wordnet:
           1. migratory - (used of animals that move seasonally; 'migratory birds')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Mild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mild`
Description	'Mild' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are at a low level of intensity (less than 0.3 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake, feelings, and other things. For a lower level of intensity use 'Faint'. For more intense attributes, use 'Moderate', 'Intense', 'Extreme', and when intensely bad, 'Severe'. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'mild' in WordNet, but NOTE that WN says this is 'Moderate' whereas in COSMO 'Moderate' is more intense than 'Mild': in WordNet: 1. (7) mild - (moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme; 'a mild winter storm'; 'a mild fever'; 'fortunately the pain was mild'; 'a mild rebuke'; 'mild criticism')
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	MildTasting^c

MildTasting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MildTasting

Description

Something ''MildTasting'' has a ''Taste'' that is not intense on any of the scales of taste.

      No WN sense of 'mild' specific for taste.

Super-classes Tasty^c
Mild^c

Mildew^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mildew

Description

CYC: Mildew is a fungal growth that can occur on the shower curtain or as a disease of plants. Mildews may belong to the fungus family Peronosporaceae(downy mildew) or to the fungus order Erysiphales (powdery mildew).

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mildew' in WordNet:
          2. mildew - (a fungus that produces a superficial (usually white) growth on organic matter)

Super-classes Fungus^c

Mildly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mildly

Description

''Mildly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Attributes that have intensive aspects, such as ''mildly alcoholic'' to express the notion that the attribute applies to its argument in a lower degree of intensity. However it is most commonly used with Attributes that express negative qualities or qualities undesirable wnen more intense: 'mildly acid'; 'mildly acidic'; 'mildly angry'; 'mildly eccentric'; 'mildly windy'; 'mildly unpleasant'; 'mildly unhappy'; 'mildly irrational'.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mildly' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) mildly - (to a moderate degree; 'he was mildly interested')

Super-classes Somewhat^c

Mile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mile

Description

English length unit equal to 1 statute mile. For the unit of measure in quantitative attribute values, use 'miles'.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mile' in WordNet:
   1. (54) mile, statute mile, stat mi, land mile, mi - (a unit of length equal to 1760 yards)

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

Mileage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mileage`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mileage' in WordNet: 1. (1) mileage, milage - (distance measured in miles)`
Super-classes	Distance^c
Restrictions	wasMeasuredBy^op some (Odometer^c or DeviceType^c)

Milestone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Milestone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milestone' in WordNet: 1. (2) milestone, milepost - (stone post at side of a road to show distances)`
Super-classes	DryObject^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c RigidObject^c DistanceMarker^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Post^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op only Stone^c hasOrientation^op value Vertical^c

Militarily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Militarily

Description

''Militarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective and specifies that the adjective is to be interpreted with respect to ''Military'' matters. 'a militarily insignificant obstacle.'

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'militarily' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) militarily - (with respect to the military; 'on a militarily significant scale')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Military^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Military

Description

an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type or instance to a MilitaryOrganization or MilitaryForce or MilitaryAction, and all other things specifically done, used, or part of the Military in some way; of or pertaining to Military things, generally

 Includes all 3 adjective senses 1 of 'military' in WordNet:
  1. (37) military - (of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare; 'military law')
  2. (12) military - (characteristic of or associated with soldiers or the military;
       'military uniforms')
  3. (3) military - (associated with or performed by armed services as contrasted 
       with civilians; 'military police')
 WN adj 'martial':
    3. martial - (of or relating to the armed forces; 'martial law')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MilitaryAcademy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryAcademy`
Description	A ''MilitaryAcademy'' trains offiers for a military force of some ''Country''. The ''Cadet''s that study there enter after they have completed ''HighSchool'' or its equivalent in their own country. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military academy' in WordNet: 1. military academy - (an academy for training military officers)`
Super-classes	School^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op value CountryGovernment^c

MilitaryAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryAction`
Description	CYC: The collection of all military tasks such as might be assigned to deployable, modern military units. A particular task is performed by one and only one unit, although other units may function in a support capacity, and subunits of the performing unit may be assigned tasks that figure as subtasks of the performing unit's assigned task. In this case the tasks of the subordinate units should be related to the overarching task of the superior unit by the #$subTasks relation. A single unit may be assigned more than one task. Notice that this collection is a specialization of #$MilitaryEvent, not #$MilitaryOperation complex events take account of both primary tasks and their subtasks and also distinct support tasks. Instances of #$MilitaryAction may properly figure as #$subEvents in an instance of #$MilitaryOperation. `There is no WN sense for this specialized Action.`
Super-classes	MilitaryEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryEngagement^c

MilitaryAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryAgent`
Description	Any ''MilitaryPerson'' or Group of ''MilitaryPerson''s acting in a capacity on behalf of a ''MilitaryOrganization'' This is not itself necessarily an Organization.
Super-classes	Group^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MilitaryPerson^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryOrganization^c MilitaryPerson^c

MilitaryAircraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryAircraft`
Description	A subcollection of both #$MilitaryVehicle and #$AirTransportationDevice. #$MilitaryAircraft is the collection of all aircraft used, or equipped to be used, for military purposes. `SUMO: Any Aircraft which is made for a MilitaryOrganization. This includes fighters, Bombers, attack helicopters, etc.`
Super-classes	MilitaryVehicle^c Platform-Military^c Aircraft^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesOfAmerica^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value MilitaryOrganization^c

MilitaryAssault^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryAssault

Description

''MilitaryAssault'' is the intial part of a 'Combat' when troops of one side start an attack on the other side..

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assault' in WordNet:
       1. (6) assault - (close fighting during the culmination of a military attack)

Super-classes Combat^c

MilitaryAsset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryAsset`
Description	A MilitaryAsset is any Resource - human, material, or abstract, that has a net positive value for performing some function of the military, which could be as static as deterrence. Intelligence 'assets' are also military Assets, as are military groups and certain weapons. `A MilitaryAsset is a Role, and classification as a MilitaryAsset is context-dependent. At this point (v 0.32) MilitaryAsset is not categorized under 'Asset' because the use of that term is not yet fully clear, but it probably should be a subtype of 'Asset'.`
Super-classes	Resource^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryEquipment^c

MilitaryAttack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryAttack`
Description	COSMO note: 'military' for this concept includes any kind of, including terrorists and other irregulars, that use force (especially weapons) to cause damage to people or resources. Cyc: The collection of all instances of #$MilitaryEvent that are also considered to be instances of #$AttackOnTangible. The characteristics that define a military 'attack' are somewhat loose: military units are involved, deadly force is involved, and the event in question is of an immediately 'offensive' character (although an attack can be a #$subEvents in the course of either a 'defensive' or 'offensive' #$MilitaryEvent). Instances may be complex events: that is, they may involve more than just physical attack events and may include a measure of planning and preparation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attack' in WordNet: 1. (419) attack, onslaught, onset, onrush - ((military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons); 'the attack began at dawn') WN verb 'attack': 1. (22) attack, assail - (launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with; 'Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II'; 'Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week')
Super-classes	ViolentAction^c AttackOnObject^c MilitaryEngagement^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MilitaryUnit^c
Sub-classes	WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack^c FeintingAttack^c Interdiction^c Ambush^c MilitaryInvasion^c MilitaryExpedition^c Firing^c

MilitaryAward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryAward`
Description	A MilitaryAward is an HonorAward (abstract) assigned by some authority for actions performed while in a MilitaryOrganization. The award may be assigned by a MilitaryOrganization or a Government (e.g. the Congressional Medal of Honor)
Super-classes	HonorAward^c
Restrictions	wasAssignedByAuthority^op some (MilitaryOrganization^c or Government^c)
In range of	hasMilitaryDecoration^op

MilitaryBase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryBase`
Description	A 'MilitaryBase' is a ''MilitaryFacility'' used for military operations; it may be temporary, as in combat situations, or permanent `Includes sense 2 and part of sense 13 (relating to military-owned facilities) of 'base' in Wordnet: 2. (4) base, base of operations - (installation from which a military force initiates operations; 'the attack wiped out our forward bases') 13. base, home - (the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end)`
Super-classes	Base^c GeographicalThing^c MilitaryFacility^c
Sub-classes	Outpost^c

MilitaryCadre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryCadre`
Description	A ''MilitaryCadre'' is a ''CoreGroup'' of military personel intended to expand in size. `RHW 'cadre': 1. Mil. the key group of officers and enlisted personnel necessary to establish and train a new military unit. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cadre' in WordNet: 2. (1) cadre - (a nucleus of military personnel capable of expansion)`
Super-classes	Cadre^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some MilitaryOrganization^c hasComponentElement^op value MilitaryPerson^c

MilitaryCapability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryCapability`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military capability' in WordNet: 1. military capability, military strength, strength, military posture, posture - (capability in terms of personnel and materiel that affect the capacity to fight a war; 'we faced an army of great strength'; 'politicians have neglected our military posture')`
Super-classes	Capability^c Group^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value MilitaryAction^c uses^op value MilitaryWeapon^c hasComponentElement^op value MilitaryOrganization^c isaCapabilityOf^op value MilitaryAgent^c hasComponentElement^op value Weaponry^c hasComponentElement^op value Firepower^c
Sub-classes	Firepower^c

MilitaryCohort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryCohort`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cohort' in WordNet: 2. cohort - (a band of warriors (originally a unit of a Roman Legion))`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Warrior^c

MilitaryCorps^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryCorps`
Description	A ''MilitaryCorps'' is any ''MilitaryUnit'' that is called a ''Corps''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corps' in WordNet: 1. (4) corps, army corps - (an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support)`
Super-classes	ArmyUnit^c
Sub-classes	MarineCorps^c

MilitaryDecoration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryDecoration`
Description	A MilitaryDecoration is an AwardSymbol (e.g. medal, ribbon, or both) that symbolizes that some person, has been awarded a MilitaryAward by some MilitaryOrganization or Government.
Super-classes	AwardSymbol^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some AwardType^c

MilitaryDefenseAction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryDefenseAction

Description

An Action in which a military force takes action to defend itslef or something else from an attack. The attack being defended against may be merely anticipated or actively underway.

     Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'defense' ;
       however, the WN examples include the use of 'defense' in 
       an adjectival position.
     in WordNet:
     2. (327) defense, defence, defensive measure -
         (military action or resources protecting a country against
         potential enemies; 'they died in the defense of Stalingrad';
         'they were developed for the defense program')

Super-classes Defending^c

MilitaryDisarmament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryDisarmament`
Description	''MilitaryDisarmament'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' Event in which the thing(s) removed are some type of ''Weapon''. This can be for taking one ''Weapon'' (knife or gun) away from a Person, or for one or more Nations to remove or disable some Group of military ''Weapon''s , especially those with offensive capability. This is general, and includes transitive and intransitive senses, which can be dstinguished, as can the individual and military senses. `Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'disarm' in WordNet: 1. (2) disarm, demilitarize, demilitarise - (remove offensive capability from) WN noun 'disarmament': 1. (1) disarming, disarmament - (act of reducing or depriving of arms; 'the disarmament of the aggressor nations must be complete')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	removes^op min 1

MilitaryDrilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryDrilling`
Description	''MilitaryDrilling'' is any form of 'drilling' as a training technnique used in some ''MilitaryOrganization''. This is usually applied to the early training of Persons recently entered into a ''MilitaryOrganization''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drill' in WordNet: 2. (5) drill - (train in the military, e.g., in the use of weapons)`
Super-classes	TrainingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op value MilitaryPerson^c

MilitaryEnemy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryEnemy`
Description	A ''MilitaryEnemy'' is an ''Enemy'' who is participating in a ''War'' (including uprisings and rebellions) on the opposing side. This is a Group that may consists of irregulars - not necessarily soldiers of a government, but ''Warrior''s generically. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foe' in WordNet: 1. (12) enemy, foe, foeman, opposition - (an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force); 'a soldier must be prepared to kill his enemies')`
Super-classes	Enemy^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Armed^c hasComponentElement^op value Warrior^c

MilitaryEngagement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryEngagement`
Description	A 'MilitaryEngagement' is a 'Battle' between opposing military groups, including air combat between individual airplanes. This is an Event, which has a beginning and end; For the ''PhysicalProcess'' involved in a MilitaryEngagement that occurs during a 'MilitaryEngagement', use 'Combat'. SUMO (battle): A ViolentContest between two or more military units within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the metaphorical sense of 'battle', which simply means a struggle of some sort. This sense should be represented with the more general concept of Contest. NOTE: WordNet also has a sense of 'combat' that appears to be a MilitaryEngagement: 1. (14) combat, armed combat - (an engagement fought between two military forces) . . . but the actual use of 'combat' is usually as a mass noun or adjective, not as a count noun, so in COSMO that synset is not considered a synonym; in COSMO 'Combat' is the process that occurs during a MilitaryEngagement. nevertheless 'combat' is used commonly as a synonym for a ''MilitaryEngagement., so the term is added to the synonym list. Similarly, 'action' in the sense of military engagement is used more in the sense of a process: WN 'action': 5. (49) military action, action - (a military engagement; 'he saw action in Korea') Coresponds to sense 1 of 'battle'and sense 4 of 'fight' in WordNet, restricted to military forces: in WordNet: 1. (73) battle, conflict, fight, engagement - (a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; 'Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga'; 'he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement') WN 'fight': 4. (49) battle, conflict, fight, engagement - (a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; 'Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga'; 'he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement') WN noun 'action': 5. (49) military action, action - (a military engagement; 'he saw action in Korea')
Super-classes	MilitaryAction^c Battle^c PhysicalDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op min 2
Sub-classes	MilitaryAttack^c War^c Blockade^c

MilitaryEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryEquipment`
Description	$MilitaryEquipment is a specialization of `#$Artifact and #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$MilitaryEquipment is an artifact that is owned and used by some #$MilitaryOrganization. Examples include instances of weapons, vehicles, and uniforms. Each piece of MilitaryEquipment can be considered as a MilitaryAsset. NOTE: this is for a single item designed for use by the military. The collective category of weapons is represented as ''Arms''.`
Super-classes	MilitaryAsset^c ManufacturedGoods^c Device^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryHardware^c

MilitaryEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of all military events, including #$WagingWar, #$Battles, #$Explosions, and military #$Training. Note that these events need not be organized or planned, just connected to the military in some way. NOTE that 'military' can refer to paramilitary groups such as terrorist groups, provided that they are organized as a military-like unit.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some MilitaryAgent^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryAction^c ExercisingCommandAndControl^c MilitaryOperation^c

MilitaryExpedition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryExpedition

Description

A 'MilitaryExpedition'' is a ''MilitaryAttack'' in which one military force crosses a border with some hostile intention, but this is more limited in purpose than a ''Militaryinvasion'' which is on a larger scale and usually has the purpose of subjegating a whole country rather than accomplishing a limited goal. The destrution of some facility of the enemy followed by withdrawal would be a good examples of this type.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expedition' in WordNet:
             1. (4) expedition, military expedition, hostile expedition - 
                (a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective 
                in a foreign country)

Super-classes Translocation^c
MilitaryAttack^c
MilitaryOperation^c
AttackOnObject^c
EnteringaRegion^c

MilitaryFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryFacility`
Description	Any Facility used by the military. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military installation' in WordNet: 1. military installation - (any facility servicing military forces)`
Super-classes	InfrastructureProduct^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c PlaceWithMilitarySignificance^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value MilitaryAction^c
Sub-classes	Arsenal^c MilitaryPost^c MilitaryBase^c

MilitaryFlank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryFlank`
Description	A ''MilitaryFlank'' is a ''MilitaryFormation' located at the side (right or left, facing the ''MilitaryEnemy'') of a larger ''MilitaryFormation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flank' in WordNet: 1. (3) flank, wing - (the side of military or naval formation; 'they attacked the enemy's right flank')`
Super-classes	SideOfaBilateralObject^c MilitaryFormation^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value MilitaryFormation^c isNearTo^op value MilitaryEnemy^c

MilitaryFormation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryFormation`
Description	A ''MilitaryFormation' is a ''Formation'' of ''Warrior''s (military personnel of any kind) and/or ''MilitaryVehicle''s acting together as a Unit (usually under one commander). `NOTE: this seems to have the same intended meaning as WN sense 1 of 'military formation' but includes the vehicles in which the military personnel may be travelling, as in a tank unit or Naval unit. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'military formation' in WordNet: 1. military formation - (a formation of troops)`
Super-classes	Formation^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryFlank^c

MilitaryGeneral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryGeneral

Description

A ''MilitaryGeneral'' is a ''CommissionedOfficer'' with the Highest conventional rank for a commissioned officer in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. (This is the specific rank of full 'General' and not the generic term that would include #$BrigadierGeneral-Rank, #$MajorGeneral-Rank or #$LieutenantGeneral-Rank.) In the U.S. Army, a full General typically commands an instance of #$Army-UnitDesignation.

        NOTE that this applies to the person who holds that rank; the abstract
          notion of 'rank' as an attribute is not yet (rev1009) represented in COSMO.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'general' in WordNet:
          1. (40) general, full general - (a general officer of the highest rank)

Super-classes CommissionedOfficer^c

MilitaryHardware^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryHardware`
Description	$MilitaryHardware is a specialization `of#$MilitaryEquipment and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$MilitaryHardware is a type of physical device used by the military, thus including #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, #$Weapons and #$CommunicationDevices. It however excludes #$MilitaryUniforms and #$Flags. NOTE: this is for a single item designed for use by the military. The collective category of weapons is represented as ''Arms''.`
Super-classes	MilitaryEquipment^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryWeapon^c Platform-Military^c

MilitaryInvasion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryInvasion`
Description	A ''MilitaryAttack'' in which one military force crosses a border with some hostile intention,whether damage to the ihnabitants or occupying the invaded territory. CYC A specialization of #$MilitaryOperation. Each instance of #$MilitaryInvasion is a planned military invasion of some territory; the territory invaded is related to the invasion by the predicate #$objectActedOn (q.v.). See also the collection #$MilitaryOccupation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'invasion' in WordNet: 1. (3) invasion - (the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder) WN verb 'invade': 1. (7) invade, occupy - (march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation; 'Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939') WN noun 'incursion': 2. penetration, incursion - (an attack that penetrates into enemy territory)
Super-classes	MilitaryAttack^c MilitaryOperation^c AttackOnObject^c EnteringaRegion^c Translocation^c
Sub-classes	RaidingForLoot^c MilitaryRaid^c

MilitaryLeader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryLeader`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military leader' in WordNet: 1. military leader - (a leader of military forces)`
Super-classes	Leader^c PersonWithOccupation^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value AssigningAgentToRole^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryOfficer^c Warlord^c

MilitaryManeuver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryManeuver`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a military force moves relative to the enemy in an effort to achieve positional advantage over him and to achieve tactical, operational or strategic objectives. `SUMO: Any Maneuver which takes place in a Battle and which is intended to secure a tactical advantage for one of the agents of the Battle. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'maneuver' in WordNet: 4. maneuver, manoeuvre, tactical maneuver, tactical manoeuvre - (a move made to gain a tactical end)`
Super-classes	Motion^c MilitaryOperation^c Maneuver^c
Sub-classes	Blitzkrieg^c

MilitaryOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryOfficer`
Description	A subcollection of #$MilitaryPerson. Each instance of this collection is a person who is a (commissioned or non-commissioned) officer in some #$MilitaryOrganization. `SUMO: The class of Soldiers who have authority or command. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'officer' in WordNet: 1. (249) military officer, officer - (any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command; 'an officer is responsible for the lives of his men')`
Super-classes	OfficerInOrganization^c MilitaryLeader^c MilitaryPerson^c
Sub-classes	CommissionedOfficer^c NonCommissionedOfficer^c Commander-USArmyStaff^c

MilitaryOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryOperation`
Description	A specialization of #$MilitaryEvent. Each instance of #$MilitaryOperation is a planned military operation. Instances of #$MilitaryOperation usually require organization and coordination, and often are complex activities. For large-scale military operations involving several groups of agents, see the specialization #$MilitaryOperation-Joint. Examples of #$MilitaryOperation include the attack on Pearl Harbor and the retaking of Bunker Hill. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military operation' in WordNet: 1. operation, military operation - (activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign); 'it was a joint operation of the navy and air force')`
Super-classes	Event-Organized^c PurposefulAction^c MilitaryEvent^c
Sub-classes	Peacekeeping^c MilitaryInvasion^c MilitaryManeuver^c MilitaryExpedition^c

MilitaryOrderly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryOrderly`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orderly' in WordNet: 1. (2) orderly - (a soldier who serves as an attendant to a superior officer; 'the orderly laid out the general's uniform')`
Super-classes	Soldier^c Attender^c
Sub-classes	Batman^c

MilitaryOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryOrganization`
Description	COSMO note: This type is interpreted as being an overall MilitaryOrganization that has some independence, such as a government's Army, navy or Air Force. Smaller subdivisions of the main organization are represented as 'MilitaryUnit' Cyc: A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$MilitaryOrganization is an organization whose function (and expertise) is the use of armed force, or the threat of such use, against enemies, especially other organized, armed enemies. A military organization includes its fighting forces and their command structure, together with dedicated support services controlled by that military command. Typically, there are special conditions in the relationships between a #$MilitaryOrganization and its workers, going beyond what is expected in work agreements in civilian settings, including strict sanctions to enforce obedience. This collection includes #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganizations such as the armies, navies, and air forces of the world's governments, and in addition private armies, rebel armies, and organized mercenary units. In SUMO called 'MilitaryForce': SUMO: MilitaryForce is the subclass of Organizations that are organized along military lines and for the purpose of either defensive or offensive combat, whether or not the force is an official GovernmentOrganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'force' in WordNet, and in a military context the word 'unit' is used synonymously, though in WordNet only the parent sense of that word is listed as sense 3 of 'unit'; see also 'MilitaryUnit': in WordNet: 1. (347) military unit, military force, military group, force - (a unit that is part of some military service; 'he sent Caesar a force of six thousand men') WN noun 'unit': 3. (9) unit, social unit - (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; 'the coach said the offensive unit did a good job'; 'after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit')
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c Organization^c MilitaryAgent^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentMilitaryOrganization^c ParamilitaryOrganization^c NavalFleet-Organization^c MilitaryUnit^c ModernMilitaryOrganization^c Cavalry^c Invader^c

MilitaryOrganizationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryOrganizationType`
Description	''MilitaryOrganizationType'' is a OrganizationType used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''BranchOfMilitaryService'' as their argument.
Super-classes	OrganizationType^c
Members	BranchOfMilitaryService Legion Army Reserves-ArmedForces Navy AirForce

MilitaryPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryPerson`
Description	A specialization of #$MilitaryAgent. Each instance of #$MilitaryPerson is a person belonging to one of the national military services (see the collection #$BranchOfMilitaryService) of some instance of #$Country. Notable specializations of #$MilitaryPerson include #$ArmyPersonnel, #$NavyPersonnel, and #$MarinePersonnel. `SUMO: Someone who is a member of a ModernMilitaryOrganization. NOTE: the WN terms seem to exclude women, but this type includes women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'serviceman' in WordNet: 1. serviceman, military man, man, military personnel - (someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force; 'two men stood sentry duty')`
Super-classes	NationalGovernmentEmployee^c MilitaryAgent^c
Sub-classes	Reservist^c USMarine^c Commando^c NavalPerson^c ArtilleryMan^c Combatant^c Soldier^c PrivateFirstClass^c MilitaryPrivate^c MilitaryOfficer^c Gunner^c Medic^c Warlord^c EnlistedPerson^c CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit^c

MilitaryPersonnel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryPersonnel`
Description	Each ''MilitaryPersonnel'' is a Group of ''MilitaryPerson''s who are gathered to form a unit for some military purpose, usually to fight or prepare to fight, but also for any action performed by military organizations. This is not an ''Organization'', but a GroupOfPeople'' and includes 'irregulars' not controlled by a Government.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MilitaryPerson^c hasMember^op value MilitaryPerson^c

MilitaryPoliceman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryPoliceman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military policeman' in WordNet: 1. military policeman, MP - (a member of the military police who polices soldiers and guards prisoners)`
Super-classes	LawEnforcementOfficer^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value MilitaryOrganization^c

MilitaryPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryPosition`
Description	A ''MilitaryPosition'' is any place on the ground where some group of troops are located in preparation for comnbat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military position' in WordNet: 1. military position, position - (a point occupied by troops for tactical reasons)`
Super-classes	OutsideLocation^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value TroopOfSoldiers^c
Sub-classes	FrontLine^c

MilitaryPost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryPost`
Description	A ''MilitaryPost'' will in general be larger and more permanent than a ''MilitaryBase'', and not usually located close to combat action. It will typially have bildings for varied operations and housing, far from the combat zone - but it must have some kind of equipment or fortification installed that will facilitate operations, not be just a quickly set up hole in the ground. A Military Post may be referred to as a 'base' or a 'fort'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military post' in WordNet: 1. military post, post - (military installation at which a body of troops is stationed; 'this military post provides an important source of income for the town nearby'; 'there is an officer's club on the post')`
Super-classes	MilitaryFacility^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value MilitaryOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortMead

MilitaryPrivate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryPrivate

Description

A ''MilitaryPrivate'' is a ''MilitaryPerson'' with the lowest standard military rank in an Army or Marine Corps. The rank of the basic 'troops'. A private is not an officer. Immediately below #$PrivateFirstClass-RankType.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private' in WordNet:
          1. (12) private, buck private, common soldier -
              (an enlisted man of the lowest rank; "our prisoner was just a private 
               and knew nothing of value")

Super-classes MilitaryPerson^c

MilitaryQuarters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryQuarters`
Description	NOTE: this includes qarters for ''MilitaryPerson''s on board a military vessel. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military quarters' in WordNet: 1. military quarters - (living quarters for personnel on a military post)`
Super-classes	Lodging^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value MilitaryPerson^c
Sub-classes	Barracks^c Wardroom^c

MilitaryRaid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryRaid`
Description	A ''MilitaryRaid'' is a ''MilitaryInvasion'' that is intentionally brief, with the invading forces withdrawing more or less quickly, with no intention of permanent occupation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raid' in WordNet: 1. (3) foray, raid, maraud - (a sudden short attack)`
Super-classes	MilitaryInvasion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

MilitaryRankType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryRankType`
Description	A metatype whose instances are the different ranks (levels) at which military personnel are classified for purpose of pay, duty, or authority. The separate service ranks (USNavyRankType) are subtypes of this type. `NOTE that this applies to the person who holds that rank; the abstract more general notion of 'rank' is represented by ''Standing'' or 'Rank''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'rank' in WordNet: 2. (6) rank - (relative status; 'his salary was determined by his rank and seniority')`
Super-classes	PersonType^c RoleType^c RankType^c
Sub-classes	USAirForceRankType^c USArmyRankType^c USNavyRankType^c USMarinesRankType^c

MilitarySector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitarySector`
Description	A ''MilitarySector'' is a ''LandRegion'' that in some interval of time is of some interest to military forces,and may have active fighting. Millitary activities of one military force in a ''MilitarySector'' may be under the command of a single officer. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'sector' in WordNet: 5. sector - (a portion of a military position)`
Super-classes	LandArea^c Role^c
Restrictions	isAnInterestOf^op value MilitaryOfficer^c
Sub-classes	CombatZone^c

MilitaryService^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryService`
Description	''MilitaryService'' is an Action in which a ''Person'' performs action as a ''MilitaryPerson'' in some branch of a ''MilitaryOrganization'', usually for a formal governmental ''MilitaryOrganization''. This is the Action of serving in any branch of the military in any country. 'Thank you for your service'. `No WN sense for this term. A 'military service' in WN is a branch of the armed forces. The general 'service' is the label for a 'JobSituation''`
Super-classes	RoleSituation^c ServingaCauseOrCountry^c JobSituation^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MilitaryPerson^c hadAgentHelped^op only (MilitaryOrganization^c or MilitaryOrganizationType^c) isCausedBy^op value EnteringTheMilitary^c isaSubEventOf^op some Occupation^c hadEmployer^op some MilitaryOrganizationType^c hadEmployee^op some MilitaryPerson^c

MilitaryUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryUnit`
Description	A MilitaryOrganization that is a component part of a Larger MilitaryOrganization; a Division, Fleet, TaskForce, Platoon, etc. `See also 'MilitaryOrganization', similar in meaning, but considered as the term for 'force' in the military sense. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'unit' in WordNet: 3. (9) unit, social unit - (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; 'the coach said the offensive unit did a good job'; 'after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit')`
Super-classes	MilitaryOrganization^c Suborganization^c Unit^c
Sub-classes	Fleet^c Division-Military^c ArmyUnit^c

MilitaryVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryVehicle`
Description	CYC: #$MilitaryVehicle is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle and #$Platform-Military. Each instance of #$MilitaryVehicle would include things like airplanes and tanks, but exclude things like towed platforms.
Super-classes	TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c Platform-Military^c
Sub-classes	Frigate-SailingShip^c Jeep-Military^c TrackedVehicle^c MilitaryAircraft^c ArmoredVehicle-Heavy^c MilitaryVessel^c

MilitaryVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryVessel`
Description	A MilitaryVessel is a Vessel designed primarily for use in warfare, or to serve as a platform for weapons. A MilitaryTransport ship May be a Military Vessel without being a Platform, if the devices on board are incidental to its function. Thus navigation devices on a transport do not make it a Platform. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warship' in WordNet: 1. warship, war vessel, combat ship - (a government ship that is available for waging war)`
Super-classes	MilitaryWatercraft^c Vessel^c MilitaryVehicle^c
Sub-classes	ModernNavalShip^c Submarine-Military^c

MilitaryWatercraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryWatercraft`
Description	$MilitaryWatercraft is a specialization of `#$Watercraft and #$Platform-Military. Each instance of #$MilitaryWatercraft is a #$Watercraft used in a military context. A few notable specializations include nuclear submarines and destroyers, but transportation devices which are not vehicles could also be instances.`
Super-classes	Platform-Military^c Watercraft^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryVessel^c Frigate-SailingShip^c Submarine-Military^c Galleon^c

MilitaryWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryWeapon`
Description	A specialization of #$Weapon. Each specialization of #$MilitaryWeapon is a type of weapon typically used only by military organizations. Specializations of #$MilitaryWeapon include #$SilkwormMissile, #$NuclearWeapon, and #$Mine-Weapon. `WN has no category corresponding to this: this type is the singular - one military weapon. Subtypes are represented in WN.`
Super-classes	Weapon^c MilitaryHardware^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value MilitaryOrganization^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value MilitaryAction^c
Sub-classes	HighAngleGun^c NuclearWeapon^c Warhead^c RocketLauncher^c TowedWeapon^c Missile^c ArtilleryPiece^c Torpedo^c BazookaShell^c HandGrenade^c ArtilleryShell^c NavalMine^c AntitankWeapon^c WeaponSystem^c FieldArtillery^c WeaponOfMassDestruction^c Catapult^c Warplane^c

MilitaryWeaponType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryWeaponType`
Description	Each instance of ''MilitaryWeaponType'' is a type of ''Device'' that is designed to be used by military forces.
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	ArtilleryPiece Artillery-Towed AntitankWeapon MilitaryWeapon TowedWeapon Artillery-SelfPropelled FieldArtillery

MilitaryWithdrawal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilitaryWithdrawal`
Description	A ''MilitaryWithdrawal'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' performed by some . ''MilitaryAgent (a group of soldiers) This is not necessarily a 'retreat', as it could be a pull-out after a truce or afer winning a battle. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'withdraw' and verb sense 1 of 'pull out' and noun sense 3 of 'withdrawal' in WordNet: 1. (9) withdraw, retreat, pull away, draw back, recede, pull back, retire, move back - (pull back or move away or backward; 'The enemy withdrew'; 'The limo pulled away from the curb') WN verb 'pull out': 1. (4) pull out, get out - (move out or away; 'The troops pulled out after the cease-fire') WN noun 'withdrawal': 3. (1) withdrawal - (the act of withdrawing) WN 'retreat': 1. (3) retreat - ((military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat; 'the disorderly retreat of French troops') WN verb 'fall back': 3. (2) recede, fall back, retire - (move back and away from; 'The enemy fell back')
Super-classes	Withdrawing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MilitaryAgent^c

Militia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Militia`
Description	A specialization of #$ParamilitaryOrganization. Each instance of #$Militia is a non-governmental military force. Instances of #$Militia sometimes operate as auxiliaries to, or in place of, mainstream (governmental) military forces, and in some cases may be called up for regular service in times of emergency. `Corresponds approximately (see also CYC gloss,above) to noun sense 1 of 'militia' in WordNet: 1. (5) militia, reserves - (civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army)`
Super-classes	ParamilitaryOrganization^c
Sub-classes	TerritorialReserve^c

Milk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Milk`
Description	CYC: The collection of all volumes of mammalian milk. Each instance of this collection is fluid secreted from the #$Teat of a female #$Mammal, or a mixture of such fluid from several teats. Cow's milk which is pasturized is described by the more specific collection, #$CowsMilk-Product. NOTE that in COSMO Milk without any cream cannot be 'Milk' produced naturally. @ToDo: needs modification?? Perhaps non-fat milk is a separate substance, a component of 'real' milk? SUMO: A nutritious BodySubstance produced by Mammals. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'milk' (no difference in meaning - just in hypernyms) in Wordnet: 1. (24) milk - (a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings) 2. (1) milk - (produced by mammary glands of female mammals for feeding their young)
Super-classes	DairyProduct^c Beverage^c BodySubstance^c LiquidSubstance^c Secretion-Bodily^c
Restrictions	isSecretedBy^op value Teat^c hasColor^op value Milky^c
Sub-classes	MothersMilk^c CowsMilk^c HomogenizedMilk^c

MilkCurd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilkCurd`
Description	''MilkCurd'' is the ''Lumpy'' liquid produced by ''MilkCurdling'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'curd' in WordNet: 2. curd - (coagulated milk; used to made cheese; 'Little Miss Muffet sat on a tuffet eating some curds and whey')`
Super-classes	Lump^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Milk^c isProducedByEventType^op value MilkCurdling^c

MilkCurdling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilkCurdling`
Description	''MilkCurdling'' is a 'Curdling'' of some quantity of ''Milk''. This may be done intentionally, as when preparing cheese, or unintentionally, when milk goes sour on standing. This is for both transitive (intentional) and intransitive (performed by the Milk) senses, which can be distinguished when needed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curdling' and includes verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'curdle' and verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'clot' in WordNet: WN verb 'curdle'; 1. curdle, clabber, clot - (turn into curds; 'curdled milk') 2. curdle - (go bad or sour; 'The milk curdled') WN noun 'curdling' (part, for milk): 1. curdling, clotting, coagulation - (the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid)`
Super-classes	Curdling^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Milk^c

MilkMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilkMan`
Description	A ''MilkMan'' is a ''DeliveryPerson'' who delivers ''Milk'' (in containers of some kind). Delivering milk in bottles used to be common - less so now that most people can drive to the local store. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milkman' in Wordnet: 1. milkman - (someone who delivers milk)`
Super-classes	DeliveryPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DeliveringMilk^c

MilkShake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilkShake`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milkshake' in WordNet: 1. milkshake, milk shake, shake - (frothy drink of milk and flavoring and sometimes fruit or ice cream)`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c NonAlcoholicBeverage^c
Sub-classes	MaltedMilk^c

Milkweed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Milkweed

Description

A plant that grows wild and is loved by ''MonarchButterfly''s.

     RHW:  1. any of several plants that secrete a milky juice or latex, 
       esp. those of the genus Asclepias, as A. syriaca. Cf. milkweed family.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milkweed' in WordNet:
        1. milkweed, silkweed - (any of numerous plants
           of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods 
           that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts)

Super-classes HerbPlant^c
Plant-NonWoody^c

Milky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Milky`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'milky' in Wordnet: 1. (1) milky, milklike, whitish - (resembling milk in color or cloudiness; not clear; 'milky glass')`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c

Mill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mill`
Description	A ''Mill'' is a ''Factory'' where objects or substances are cut (e.g. a sawmill) or ground or crushed (e.g. a flour mill). `NOTe: ''CuttingOrGrindingType'' includes the classes ''CuttingSomething'' and ''Grinding'' as instances. Corresponds to one part of noun sense 1 of 'mill' in WordNet: 1. (4) factory, mill, manufacturing plant, manufactory - (a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing)`
Super-classes	Factory^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some CuttingOrGrindingType^c
Sub-classes	FlourMill^c Sawmill^c

MillenaryAnniversary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MillenaryAnniversary`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millenary' in WordNet: 1. millennium, millenary - (the 1000th anniversary (or the celebration of it))`
Super-classes	AnniversaryDay^c
Restrictions	isanAnniversaryOf^op some EventType^c

Millenium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Millenium`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millenium' in WordNet: 1. (4) millennium, millenary - (a span of 1000 years)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneThousandYears^c

Milliliter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Milliliter

Description

A Milliliter is a unit of volume, equal to one-thousandth of a liter, and, since 1964 (see 'Liter') equal to one CubicCentimeter.

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milliliter' in Wordnet:
    1. (5) milliliter, millilitre, mil, ml, cubic centimeter, cubic centimetre, cc -
      (a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter)

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

MillionDollar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MillionDollar`
Description	`'million-dollar' is not in WN, but is used commonly to refer to expenditures or potential expenditures that cost about or more than one million dollars, but less than two million dollars.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Millionaire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Millionaire`
Description	A ''Millionaire'' is a ''WealthyPerson'' with net assets of more than a million dollars. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millionaire' in WordNet: 1. millionaire - (a person whose material wealth is valued at more than a million dollars)`
Super-classes	WealthyPerson^c
Restrictions	owns^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoreThanaMillionDollars^c
Sub-classes	Billionaire^c

Millipede^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Millipede`
Description	A ''Millipede'' is an ''Arthropod'' with the distinctive characteristic of having multiple legs, more than 20, up to over a hundred. Somewhat resembling a centipede, but non-venomous and with a rounder body.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millipede' in WordNet: 1. millipede, millepede, milliped - (any of numerous herbivorous nonpoisonous arthropods having a cylindrical body of 20 to 100 or more segments most with two pairs of legs)`
Super-classes	Arthropod^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op min 20

Mime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mime`
Description	This ''Mime'' is for the professional, not a ''Person'' who performs a ''Miming'' casually. `NOTE: the WN use of 'actor' here is broader than the ''ActorActress'' in COSMO, used for dramatic acting, so the parent type of ''ActorActress'', ''Artist-Performer'' is used as the parent type here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mime' in WordNet: 1. mime, mimer, mummer, pantomimer, pantomimist - (an actor who communicates entirely by gesture and facial expression)`
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some MimeShow^c

MimeShow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MimeShow`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for performances) of noun sense 1 of 'dumb show' in WordNet: 1. mime, pantomime, dumb show - (a performance using gestures and body movements without words)`
Super-classes	Miming^c PerformingArtActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Mime^c

Mimicry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mimicry`
Description	''Mimicry'' is a 'Repeating' of some agent's words or actions (a form of ''Acting'') by a different agent, orally or by gesture. A person can repeat what another person has said or perform some act another has performed; or an animal such as a ''Parrot' or parakeet can repeat words that it has heard. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mimic' and noun sense 1 of 'mimicry' and includes the subtype 'to ape' in WordNet: 1. mimic, mime - (imitate (a person or manner), especially for satirical effect; 'The actor mimicked the President very accurately') WN noun 'mimicry': 1. (1) apery, mimicry - (the act of mimicking; imitative behavior) WN verb 'ape': 1. ape - (imitate uncritically and in every aspect; 'Her little brother apes her behavior')`
Super-classes	Imitating^c
Sub-classes	CaricaturingSomeone^c

Miming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miming`
Description	The Thing represented in ''Miming'' can be of any type. This type includes any for of ''Miming'' included those done for amusement, as at a Party or other gathering. The professonal '''Miming'' is represented by the subtype ''MimeShow'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mime' in WordNet: 2. mime, pantomime - (act out without words but with gestures and bodily movements only; 'The acting students mimed eating an apple')`
Super-classes	RepresentingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c lacks^op some Speech^c hasSubEvent^op some MakingAGesture^c
Sub-classes	MimeShow^c

Mince^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mince`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mince' in WordNet: 1. mince - (food chopped into small bits; 'a mince of mushrooms')`
Super-classes	Food^c GranularSubstance^c

Minced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minced`
Description	''Minced'' is the AttributeValue of Objects or substances that have been cut into mutiple small pieces by a ''MincingSomething'' Action. 'mincemeat pie'.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

MincedMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MincedMeat`
Description	A ''MincedMeat'' is a ''MincedSubstance'' that consists mostly of Meat. `NOTE: this is not ''Mincemeat'' (a food concoction) ,but can be a component of ''Mincemeat'' or of other foods.`
Super-classes	MincedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Meat^c

MincedSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MincedSubstance`
Description	Any substance that must consist mostly of small granules of matter, like GroundCoffee, but the granules need not be hard; they may consist of small piecesof any kind of matter, hard or soft,such as Food. A 'GranularSubstance' may have, as its constituent particles, a 'Grain' or (for powders) a 'Speck'. This typically consists of a ''Food'' and is used as an ingredient in a Food.
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value MincingSomething^c
Sub-classes	MincedMeat^c

Mincemeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mincemeat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mincemeat' in WordNet: 1. mincemeat - (spiced mixture of chopped raisins and apples and other ingredients with or without meat)`
Super-classes	FoodConcoction^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Meat^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Spice^c

Mincing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mincing

Description

Also 'dainty': The attribute of a Person who tends to avoid or expresses a dislike of objects or actions that are not refined; overly fastidious.

   Sense of 'refined': 1. (2) refined - ((used of persons and their behavior) cultivated 
     and genteel;
   'she was delicate and refined and unused to hardship'; 'refined people with refined taste')

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mincing' and sense 1 and 4 of 'dainty' in WordNet:
     1. (1) dainty, mincing, niminy-piminy, prim, twee - (affectedly dainty or refined)
     4. dainty, nice, overnice, prissy, squeamish - (excessively fastidious and easily disgusted;
       'too nice about his food to take to camp cooking';
       'so squeamish he would only touch the toilet handle with his elbow')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c
FeelingAttribute^c

MincingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MincingSomething`
Description	''MincingSomething'' is a ''ChoppingUpSomething'' that produces a ''Mince'', a granular material. This is usually used for solid foods, but may be used for soft non-food objects. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'mince' in WordNet: 3. mince - (cut into small pieces; 'mince the garlic')`
Super-classes	PulverizationEvent^c ChoppingUpSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value MincedSubstance^c

Mind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mind`
Description	The 'Mind' is a MentalObject that is the 'location' for the processes of thinking and understanding and feeling in animals. As a non-material thing, it is a vague notion that is defined in various ways, discussed below. Every Mind is 'located' at some Brain; if a Mind is reified, the Brain it is located at must also be reified (and by transitivity, the animal having that Brain). In some usages, the Mind might be considered equivalent to the Brain, but it has traditionally been used to refer to a non-material thing, and will be use dthat way in COSMO. The intimate relation of the Mind to the Brain is indicated by the 'isLocatedAt' restriction. This includes several senses of 'mind' in Random House Webster, but includes the processes that produce emotions as well as rational thinking. RHW sense 1,3, and 4 exclude feelings (sense 2 seems to be more inclusive) and WordNet sense 1 includes feelings, whereas sense 7 appears closer to the COSMO 'Intellect' and to RHW senses 1,3, and 4. In COSMO, Feeling is also located in the Mind. To make the distinction, the type 'Intellect' is used to refer to the part of the Mind that is responsible for thinking and reasoning; this is not a physical object, but is used to make sense of statements about what goes on 'in the mind' of a person. RWH 'mind': 1. (in a human or other conscious being) the element, part, substance, or process that reasons, thinks, feels, wills, perceives, judges, etc.: the processes of the human mind. 2. Psychol. the totality of conscious and unconscious mental processes and activities. 3. intellect or understanding, as distinguished from the faculties of feeling and willing; intelligence. 4. a particular instance of the intellect or intelligence, as in a person. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'mind' in WordNet: 1. (121) mind, head, brain, psyche, nous - (that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason; 'his mind wandered'; 'I couldn't get his words out of my head')
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Brain^c
Sub-classes	UnconsciousMind^c SubConscious^c

MindBoggling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MindBoggling`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mind-boggling' in Wordnet: 1. mind-boggling - (intellectually or emotionally overwhelming; 'a mind-boggling display'; 'a mind-boggling puzzle')`
Super-classes	Overwhelming^c

Mindful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mindful

Description

''Mindful'' is an Attribute of people who are paying attention to their activities and surroundings, and aware of potential problems.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mindful' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) mindful, aware - (bearing in mind; attentive to; "ever mindful of her health"; 
               "mindful of his responsibilities"; "mindful of these criticisms, 
               I shall attempt to justify my action")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Mine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mine`
Description	A Mine is a means of access to some 'GeologicalReservoir' of Ore. An open-pit mine is still a ''Mine'' but an open pit source of stone is a ''Quarry''. `In Cyc called 'Mine-Hole' (no comments). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mine' in WordNet: 1. (13) mine - (excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted)`
Super-classes	UsefulSource^c MineralResource^c FixedStructure^c Path-Physical^c Facility-Generic^c UndergroundLocation^c DeepHoleInTheGround^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Ore^c isaSourceOf^op value Mineral^c
Sub-classes	CoalMine^c

Mine-Weapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mine-Weapon`
Description	A ''Mine-Weapon' is an ''ExplosiveDevice'' that is concealed or hard to see, designed to explode when a moving object contacts it, designed mostly to be used as a ''Weapon''. This includes ''LandMine''s and 'NavalMine''s. CYC: A specialization of #$Bomb-ProximityTriggered. Each instance of #$Mine-Weapon is a self-contained explosive device designed to be buried just under the ground surface or to be released in water. Mines have sensing and triggering mechanisms which detonate the #$ExplosiveDevices in the mine when something comes near it. They are sown or released randomly to destroy a passing vehicle, ship, or human target without regard to allegiance or combatant status. #$Mine-Weapons which are buried on the land are referred to as #$LandMines; those which are used in water are simply grouped under #$Mine-Weapons. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mine' in WordNet: 2. (5) mine - (explosive device that explodes on contact; designed to destroy vehicles or ships or to kill or maim personnel)
Super-classes	ExplosiveDevice^c Weapon^c Bomb^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dangerous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Injurious^c
Sub-classes	NavalMine^c LandMine^c

Miner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miner`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miner' in WordNet: 1. (2) miner, mineworker - (laborer who works in a mine)`
Super-classes	ManualLaborer^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Mine^c

Mineral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mineral`
Description	A PhysicalSubstance that is in a solid and usually crystalline form, and inorganic (possibly except for some small amount of included organic material), In COSMO this is a Substance, not an Object, whereas the Cyc term is an Object. This is the solid substance: when molten it is not considered 'Mineral' in COSMO. A Mineral need not be natural (found in the ground), only crystalline and inorganic. Aggregates in nature having different types of crystals willnot be themselves 'minerals' but will have minerals as parts. In some discussions, water in the ground is referred to as a 'mineral', but that is not included in this type. Cyc: A specialization of #$InanimateThing-Natural. Each instance of #$Mineral is a piece of homogeneous inorganic physical substance that has a crystalline structure. Specializations of #$Mineral include the collections #$Diamond, #$Turquoise-Gem, #$Jade-Gem, and #$Corundum. SUMO: Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum), or synthetic substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form and properties of a naturally occurring mineral. Includes but is not rstricted to the natural minerals in the Wordnet definition: in WordNet: 1. (9) mineral - (solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition)
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c InorganicMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c
Sub-classes	Granite^c Molybdenite^c Cassiterite^c Mica^c Calcite^c Bismuth^c Calamine^c Chlorite^c IronOre^c Dolomite^c Talc^c Muscovite-Mineral^c Cuprite^c Siderite^c Quartz^c Arsenic^c Chalcopyrite^c Zircon^c Corundum^c Barite^c Pyrite^c Stone^c Topaz^c Halite^c TurquoiseStuff^c Galena^c Scheelite^c Malachite^c Serpentine^c Apatite^c Beryl^c Jadeite^c Plagioclase^c Alabaster^c Asbestos^c Borax^c Gypsum^c Graphite^c Fluorite^c Plaster^c Cinnabar^c Potash^c Magnetite^c Olivine^c MetalOre^c CoralStuff^c Feldspar^c Selenite^c

MineralObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MineralObject`
Description	A specialization of #$InanimateThing-Natural. Each instance of #$Mineral is a piece of homogeneous inorganic physical substance that has a crystalline structure. Specializations of #$Mineral include the collections #$Diamond, #$Turquoise-Gem, #$Jade-Gem, and #$Corundum. `@ToDo: should we include aggregates of different Minerals in this?`
Super-classes	CrystallineObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Mineral^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c
Sub-classes	Gemstone^c

MineralResource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MineralResource`
Description	Any instance of something nonliving - object or substance - that is found in nature underground, an which can be extracted by mining or drilling to be obtained and used for practical purposes. This includes solids (coal,ores) liquids (petroleum, fossil water), or gas (natural gas,helium). It is a ''MineralResource'' while still underground, but after removal it becomes a ''ProcessedNaturalSubstance'' or ''ProcessedNaturalObject''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'mineral' in Wordnet: 1. (9) mineral - (solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition)`
Super-classes	NaturalResource^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value UndergroundLocation^c
Sub-classes	PetroleumReservoir^c Ore^c Mine^c Coal^c

MineralType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MineralType`
Description	''MineralType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Mineral'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Mineral''s.
Super-classes	StoneType^c
Sub-classes	GemstuffType^c
Members	Talc Fluorite

MineralVein^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MineralVein`
Description	A ''MineralVein''' is a portion of the solid material underground (includes under an Ocean bottom) that contains a useful ''Ore''. `NOTE: this type of ''Layer'' can be of any size larger than a few feet, and of any thickness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mineral vein' in Wordnet: 1. vein, mineral vein - (a layer of ore between layers of rock)`
Super-classes	PlanetarySurfaceObject^c Layer^c InanimateThing^c SolidObject^c TopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Ore^c isLocatedAt^op value UndergroundLocation^c isInsideOf^op value StoneObject-Natural^c
Sub-classes	OreBonanza^c

MiniSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiniSeries`
Description	A ''MiniSeries'' is a ''TelevisionSeries'' being broadcast over less than one year, and may have as few as three episodes. `Wikipedia 'miniseries': A miniseries (or mini-series) is a television show that tells a story in a predetermined, limited number of episodes. The term 'serial' and/or 'series' is used in the United Kingdom and in other Commonwealth nations, though its meaning does not necessarily equate to 'miniseries' in its usage.`
Super-classes	TelevisonSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value TelevisionProgram^c

MiniVan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiniVan`
Description	A ''MiniVan'' is a ''PassengerVan'' that is the smallest of the ''RoadVehicle''s called ''Van'', used mostly for carryng passengers and small packages. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minivan' in WordNet: 1. minivan - (a small box-shaped passenger van; usually has removable seats; used as a family car)`
Super-classes	PassengerVan^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op value PassengerVan^c

Miniature^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miniature

Description

Something ''Miniature'' is an object that is ''Smaller'' than another of otherwise similar characteristics.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miniature' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) miniature - (being on a very small scale; 'a miniature camera')

Super-classes Smaller^c

MiniatureExample^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiniatureExample`
Description	A 'MiniatureExample' is an ''Example'' that has characteristics similar to something else (Object, Group of Objects, Event) but which is of much smaller scale (size, number of participants, time duration) than the Thing of hich it can be considered an Example. `Corresponds only approximtely to noun sense of 'model' in WordNet: 7. (1) model, example - (a representative form or pattern; 'I profited from his example')`
Super-classes	Example^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Miniature^c
Sub-classes	Microcosm^c

MiniatureToy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiniatureToy

Description

A ''"MiniatureToy'' is a non-functional ''ToyReplica' produced on a much smaller scale than the original, often as a 'Toy'' or as a collector's item or just a 'tchotchke' (knicknack).

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'miniature' in WordNet:
       2. (1) miniature, toy - (copy that reproduces something in greatly reduced size)

Super-classes ToyReplica^c

Minicomputer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minicomputer

Description

Smallish multiple-user machine, like VAXes.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minicomputer' in WordNet:
          1. minicomputer - (a digital computer of medium size)

Super-classes MultipleUserComputer^c

Minimally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minimally

Description

''Minimally'' is an AdverbialModifier

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'minimally' in WordNet:
          1. minimally - (to a minimal degree; 'the cells minimally
               responsive to lines in this orientation will not fire')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Minimizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minimizing`
Description	''Minimizing'' is a 'Reduction' in some magnitude so that the resulting magnitude is the smallest possible (in some context). `RHW 'minimalize': to make minimal: to minimalize tax increases. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'minimize' in WordNet: 1. (12) minimize, minimise - (make small or insignificant; 'Let's minimize the risk')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Minimum^c

Minimum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minimum

Description

''Minimum'' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is lesser or smallest. Something ''Minimal'' is not just 'smaller' than another of the same tye, but the smallest possible or feasible.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minimum' in WordNet:
         1. (23) minimal, minimum - (the least possible;
           'needed to enforce minimal standards'; 'her grades were minimal'; 
           'minimum wage'; 'a minimal charge for the service')

Super-classes LowValued^c
Least^c
Smaller^c

MinimumAge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinimumAge`
Description	A ''MinimumAge'' is an 'AgeInYears''; an age below that may be a property.that some type cannot have if this property is asserted.
Super-classes	AgeInYears^c
Sub-classes	LegalAge^c

MinimumNumber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinimumNumber

Description

A ''MinimumNumber'' is a ''Number'' that specifies a minimum value rather than a specific value. The upper end of the range may need to be specified.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minimum' in WordNet:
         1. (9) minimum, lower limit - (the smallest possible quantity)

Super-classes Quantifier^c
MathematicalObject^c

Mining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mining`
Description	Extracting minerals and other resources from the earth by ''Excavating'' (''DiggingAHole''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mining' and verb sense 1 of 'mine' in Wordnet: 1. (3) mining, excavation - (the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth) WN verb 'mine': 1. (3) mine - (get from the earth by excavation; 'mine ores and metals')`
Super-classes	Excavating^c
Restrictions	hasPurposeOfObtaining^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	CoalMining^c

Miniskirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miniskirt`
Description	CYC: An instance is a very short skirt. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miniskirt' in WordNet: 1. miniskirt, mini - (a very short skirt)`
Super-classes	WomensClothing^c Skirt^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

Minister^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minister`
Description	Person, usually male, who is the leader of a authorized to conduct religious worship in a Christian church that is not Catholic or Epicopalian. For the latter, the corresponding title is 'Priest' The WordNet sense is broader. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'minister' in WordNet: 1. (10) curate, minister of religion, minister, parson, pastor, rector - (a person authorized to conduct religious worship; 'clergymen are usually called ministers in Protestant churches')`
Super-classes	Cleric^c
Sub-classes	Pastor^c

Ministerial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ministerial

Description

''Ministerial'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Minister'' (a 'minister of religion')

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ministerial' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) ministerial - (of or relating to a minister
         of religion or the minister's office; 'ministerial duties')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Ministerial-Government^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ministerial-Government

Description

''Ministerial'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''GovernmentMinister'' (any of the various subtypes).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ministerial' in Wordnet:
        2. ministerial - (of or relating to a government minister 
             or ministry; 'ministerial decree')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Ministering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ministering

Description

''Ministering'' is the Occupation (the type of work) of a ''Minister''.

          Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'minister' in WordNet:
            2. minister - (work as a minister; "She is ministering in an old parish")
        WN  Includes noun sense 4 of 'ministry' in WordNet:
            4. ministry - (the work of a minister of religion; 'he is studying for the ministry')

Super-classes Occupation^c

Ministry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ministry`
Description	The ''Ministry'' is the subtype of ''Clergy'' whose members are Protestant Ministers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ministry' in WordNet: 1. (1) ministry - (religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian))`
Super-classes	Clergy^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Minister^c

Mink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mink`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mink' in Wordnet: 3. mink - (slender-bodied semiaquatic mammal having partially webbed feet; valued for its fur)`
Super-classes	Mustelidae^c

MinkCoat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinkCoat

Description

CYC: The collection of fur coats made out of the fur of instances of #$Mink.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mink coat' in WordNet:
          1. mink, mink coat - (fur coat made from the soft lustrous fur of minks)

Super-classes FurCoat^c

Minnow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minnow

Description

A small fish, especially 'Phoxinus phoxinus'

     Includes sense 3 of 'minnow'in RHW:
      RHW: 3. any of various unrelated, small fishes

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minnow' in WordNet:
        1. minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus - 
           (very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams)

Super-classes BonyFish^c

MinorChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinorChild`
Description	A ''MinorChild'' is a ''Child'' that has not reached the age at which s/he can make important or legally binding decisions without . parental consent - in most jurisdictions, 18 years Therefore a''MinorChild'' is 17 years of age or younger.. Many of the terms refer mostly to those under ten years of age. `NO WN sense covers this exactly. RHW noun 'minor' (9): a person under the legal age of full responsibility. Corresponds to part (minor) of noun sense 1 of 'child' in WordNet: 1. (625) child, kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry, tiddler, tike, tyke, fry, nestling - (a young person of either sex; 'she writes books for children'; 'they're just kids'; ''tiddler' is a British term for youngsters')`
Super-classes	Child^c
Restrictions	hasAttribute^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumAge17^c
Sub-classes	SixYearOldChild^c Orphan^c EightYearOldChild^c ThreeYearOldChild^c Imp^c SevenYearOldChild^c TwoYearOldChild^c NineYearOldChild^c TenYearOldChild^c FourYearOldChild^c FiveYearOldChild^c OneYearOldChild^c

MinorComplaint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinorComplaint`
Description	A ''MinorComplaint' is a ''Complaint'' about an ''"Unimportant'' matter. (an expression of grievance or resentmen
Super-classes	Objection^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unimportant^c

MinorLeague^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinorLeague`
Description	A ''MinorLeague'' is a ''SportsLeague'' that plays at a lower level than that of a ''MajorLeague''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minor league' in WordNet: 1. (3) minor league, minors, bush league - (a league of teams that do not belong to a major league (especially baseball))`
Super-classes	SportsLeague^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value MajorLeague^c

MinorMistake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinorMistake`
Description	A 'MistakenAction' (error) that has only minor (or perhaps no) negative consequences. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slip' and sense 1 of 'gaffe' in WordNet: 2. (1) slip, slip-up, miscue, parapraxis - (a minor inadvertent mistake usually observed in speech or writing or in small accidents or memory lapses etc.)`
Super-classes	MistakenAction^c
Sub-classes	Gaffe^c

Minority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minority`
Description	Each ''Minority'' is a ''FractionalPartOfaGroup'' in which the value of the ''hasFractionMeasure'' relation is ''ER_0.0-0.5'' (another way of expressing ''LessThanHalf''). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'minority' in WordNet: 2. (2) minority - (being or relating to the smaller in number of two parts; 'when the vote was taken they were in the minority'; 'he held a minority position')`
Super-classes	FractionalPartOfaGroup^c
Restrictions	hasSalientFractionalPart^op some owl:Thing^c hasFractionMeasure^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_0.0-0.5^c

MintCandy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MintCandy

Description

This is a substance. See ''CandyCane'' for an object made of ''MintCandy''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mint candy' in Wordnet:
          1. mint, mint candy - (a candy that is flavored with a mint oil)

Super-classes Candy^c

MintingaCoin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MintingaCoin`
Description	''MintingaCoin'' is the Action of producing a ''Coin'' by hitting a 'coin blank' (unmarked metal disk) with a 'die' that has an inverse image engraved into a hard metal, thereby producing the desired positive image on the Coin. In olden days this was done by hand or with a 'press', but in modern times coins are minted by powered machines that can produce thousands per minute. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mint' in WordNet: 1. mint, coin, strike - (form by stamping, punching, or printing; 'strike coins'; 'strike a medal')`
Super-classes	ShapingMetalWithaDie^c Imprinting^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value CoinMint^c produces^op value Coin^c

Minuend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minuend`
Description	A ''Minuend'' is a ''QuantityOfSomething'' (which could be a pure number) that is the quantity from which a commensurate quantity (the ''Subtrahend'') is subtracted in any generic ''DoingSubtraction'' operation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minuend' in WordNet: 1. minuend - (the number from which the subtrahend is subtracted)`
Super-classes	QuantityOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value DoingSubtraction^c

Minute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Minute

Description

The Class of all clock Minutes. This is a specific location in time on the real time line (in some possible world).

  this is close to but not exactly the same as WordNet 'minute' sense 3:
  in WordNet:
    3. (1) moment, minute, second, instant - (a particular point in time;
       'the moment he arrived the party began')

Super-classes TimeInterval^c
MeasurableTimeInterval^c

MinuteDuration^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinuteDuration

Description

Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minute' in WordNet:
  1. (83) minute, min - (a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour;
      'he ran a 4 minute mile')

Super-classes TimeDuration^c

MinutesOfaMeeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinutesOfaMeeting`
Description	A ''MinutesOfameeting'' is a ''PhysicalEventRecord'' containing a description of some ''Meeting'' written by a participant as a means of recording the event so as to be able to remember it accurately,particularly for remembering any decisions that weremade by the participants at that meeting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minutes' (including sense 5 of 'minute') in WordNet: 1. minutes, proceedings, transactions - (a written account of what transpired at a meeting) WN noun 'minute': 5. minute - (a short note; 'the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting')`
Super-classes	PhysicalEventRecord^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some FormalMeeting^c

Miracle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miracle`
Description	A ''Miracle'' is a 'SupernaturalPhenomenon' performed by ''GodTheCreator'', often but not necessarily affecting some people in a good way - unless God is punishing people for some reason. `For a ''SupernaturalPhenomenon'' that is performed by a ''Person'' use ''ParanormalEvent''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'miracle' in WordNet: 2. (1) miracle - (a marvellous event manifesting a supernatural act of God)`
Super-classes	Action^c SupernaturalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Miraculous^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GodTheCreator^c
Sub-classes	Resurrection^c

Miraculous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miraculous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miraculous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) marvelous, marvellous, miraculous - (being or having the character of a miracle)`
Super-classes	Surprising^c

MiraculousOccurence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiraculousOccurence`
Description	A ''MiraculousOccurence'' is an 'Occurrence' that is not a supernatural ''Miracle'' but is very surprising, indeed ''Amazing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miracle' in WordNet: 1. (7) miracle (any amazing or wonderful occurrence)`
Super-classes	Occurrence^c
Restrictions	perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value Amazement^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Amazing^c

Miraculously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miraculously

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'miraculously' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) miraculously - (in a miraculous manner; 'my hand grasped the gun 
            that was, miraculously, lying on the ground beside my finger tips')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Mirage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mirage`
Description	A 'Mirage'' is an ''OpticalIllusion'' that usually occurs on the horizon in a desert or at sea due to refraction by air layers of different density. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mirage' in WordNet: 1. mirage - (an optical illusion in which atmospheric refraction by a layer of hot air distorts or inverts reflections of distant objects)`
Super-classes	OpticalIllusion^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Horizon^c isCausedBy^op value RefractingLight^c

MiringaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiringaVehicle`
Description	A ''MiringaVehicle'' is a ''HaltingEvent'' in which some soft substance on the surface of the Earth (sand or mud) causes a ''RoadVehicle'' to stop because the vehicle has sunk enugh into the ground so that the ground presents resistance to motion sufficient so that the vehicle cannot be moved by its normal propulsion means (motor or draft animal). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mire' in WordNet: 2. mire, bog down - (cause to get stuck as if in a mire; "The mud mired our cart")`
Super-classes	HaltingEvent^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value SoftGround^c occursAt^op value SoftGround^c causes^op value BoggingDown^c

Mirror^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mirror`
Description	a reflecting surface, usually made of glass with a metal backing, or of a polished silvery metal. @ToDo: NOTE some ''Mirror''s are not used in ''Viewing'' (such as those in some research instruents), so that restriction needs modification if such devices are represented in an application. The difference between this and the parent ''ReflectiveObject'' is that this is an ArtifactObject designed to be used to view reflected images, by an agent or by a device that captures images (such as a telescope with camera). SUMO: An Artifact with a surface that is capable of displaying an image by reflecting light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mirror' and sense 1 of 'looking-glass' in WordNet: 1. (8) mirror - (polished surface that forms images by reflecting light) WN 'looking-glass' 1. looking glass, glass - (a mirror; usually a ladies' dressing mirror)
Super-classes	OpticalDevice^c HexalateralObject^c Reflector^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value Reflecting^c isDesignedToProduce^op value Reflection^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Viewing^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Reflecting^c
Sub-classes	SideViewMirror^c VehicleMirror^c RearViewMirror^c

Mirth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mirth`
Description	The specific subtype of emotion 'Amusement-Feeling' that can cause a person to laugh, usually due to seeing or hearing something Funny. `For the more general feeling of gaiety that may accompany 'Mirth' but is usually a longer-lasting state, use 'Jolliness'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'mirth',and sense 1 of 'hilarity' in WordNet. but this is narrower, being not just 'great merriment', but an actual feeling that one wants to laugh. For general 'great merriment' use the sister node 'Jolliness'. in Wordnet: 1. hilarity, mirth, mirthfulness, glee, gleefulness - (great merriment)`
Super-classes	Amusement-Feeling^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Laughing^c

MisCategorizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MisCategorizing`
Description	''MisCategorizing'' is a ''Categorizing'' Action in which the category to which something is assigned is an incorrect category. `Do we need a 'CorrectCategorizing'??? To take sides in an issue?? No WN entry: RHW has an entry with no gloss. see 'Error'`
Super-classes	MistakenAction^c Categorizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value CategoryError^c

Miscarriage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miscarriage`
Description	A ''Miscarriage'' is an unintended ''PregnancyTermination'' caused by some natural event, whether bodily process or accident. For the clinical or induced abortion, use the subtype ''Abortion''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'miscarriage' in WordNet: 2. spontaneous abortion, miscarriage, stillbirth - (a natural loss of the products of conception)`
Super-classes	PregnancyTermination^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op value Pregnancy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c

Miscellaneous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miscellaneous

Description

A ''Miscellaneous'' is an AttributeValue of a Group of things (usually Objects) that are of more than two specifiable types of things.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'miscellaneous' in WordNet:
      2. (2) assorted, miscellaneous, mixed, motley, sundry - 
        (consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds 
        (even to the point of incongruity); 'an arrangement of 
        assorted spring flowers'; 'assorted sizes'; 'miscellaneous accessories'; 
        'a mixed program of baroque and contemporary music'; 'a motley crew'; 
        'sundry sciences commonly known as social'- I.A.Richards)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Mischief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mischief`
Description	A form of wrongdoing that is not illegal other than at a misdemeanor level, nor causes harm to others,but may cause annoyance or inconvenience. This may characterize pranks played by young people or similar deeds. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mischief' in WordNet: 1. (3) mischief, mischief-making, mischievousness, deviltry, devilry, devilment, rascality, roguery, roguishness, shenanigan - (reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoing^c ViolatingAnObligation^c InfringingARule^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Annoying^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Naughty^c

Miscible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miscible

Description

''Miscible'' is the attribute of a Pair of ''LiquidSubstance''s that, when mixed and stirred, in any proportion, form a homgeneous liquid mixture that does not separate into its original components, but stays uniformly mixed. Liquids that are not ''Miscible'' (are ''Immiscible''), if shaken to produce a mixture, will produce a mixture with undissolved particles of both substances, which are likely to separate out if their specific gravities are significantly different. If there is some substance in the mixture that can bond noncovalently with the surface of one of the resulting particles such as a detergent), it may form a stable ''Emulsion'' that does not separate out, as with 'homogenized milk'.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miscible' in Wordnet:
            1. miscible, mixable - ((chemistry, physics) capable of being mixed)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Miscreant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miscreant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miscreant' in WordNet: 1. reprobate, miscreant - (a person without moral scruples)`
Super-classes	Offender^c

Misdemeanor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misdemeanor

Description

A ''Crime'' that is of less degree of seriousness than a ''Felony'' and makes the perpetrator liable to lighter punishment. Definito depends on jurisdiction. Some US states have different categories, such as 'misdemeanor; and 'high misdemeanor'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misdemeanor' in WordNet:
          1. misdemeanor, misdemeanour, infraction, offence, offense, violation, infringement - 
            (a crime less serious than a felony)

Super-classes Crime^c

Miser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miser`
Description	A ''Miser''is a ''Person'' who is reluctant to spend any money and lives with extreme frugality, sometimes to the point of living in uncomfortable conditions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miser' in WordNet: 1. miser - (a stingy hoarder of money and possessions (often living miserably)`
Super-classes	Saver^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Miserly^c

Miserable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miserable

Description

''Miserable'' is an intensive level of ''Unhappy'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miserable' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) miserable, suffering, wretched - (very unhappy; 
            full of misery; 'he felt depressed and miserable';
            'a message of hope for suffering humanity';
            'wretched prisoners huddled in stinking cages')

Super-classes Unhappy^c

Miserableness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miserableness`
Description	''Miserableness'' is an intense form of ''IllBeing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miserableness' in WordNet: 1. misery, wretchedness, miserableness - (a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune; 'the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable')`
Super-classes	IllBeing^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Misery^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Miserable^c
Sub-classes	Woe^c

Miserably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miserably

Description

''Miserably'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Action

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miserably' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) miserably - (in a miserable manner; 'I bit my lip miserably and nodded')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Miserly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miserly

Description

''Miserly'' is a high degree of ''Frugal''.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miserly' in Wordnet:
     1. mean, mingy, miserly, tight - ((used of persons or behavior) 
        characterized by or indicative of lack of generosity; 'a mean person'; 
        'he left a miserly tip')

Super-classes Frugal^c

Misery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misery

Description

Feeling of unhappiness and wretched condition attending distress and suffering.

        NOTE; Cyc has 'Misery' as a subtype of 'Grief' but in
        COSMO it is a subtype of Sadness, a sister node
        of Grief.  Grief in COSMO is a feeling caused
        by PersonalLoss.

        Corresponds to sense 2 of 'misery' in WordNet:
        2. misery - (a feeling of intense unhappiness;
           'she was exhausted by her misery and grief')

Super-classes Sadness^c

Misfortune^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misfortune`
Description	A DifficultSituation that specifically involves a person or persons (or an Animal) having some difficulty as a result of Events at least one of which was beyond that Person's control. This can apply to almost any situation that was not a foreseeable and avoidable consequence . of a conscious decision taken by that Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'misfortune' in WordNet. NOTE that sense 1 suggests an Event causing a state of misfortune, but inconsistently says 'trouble resulting from . . '. Because its hypernym is an Event, sense 1 is interpreted as the causative Event, and is represented as 'BadLuckEvent' in WordNet: 2. (3) misfortune, bad luck, tough luck, ill luck - (an unfortunate state resulting from unfavorable outcomes)`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c BadThing^c DifficultSituation^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some BadLuckEvent^c
Sub-classes	Hardship^c

Misguided^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misguided

Description

The WN sense 1 of ''Misguided'' should be a subAttribute. @ToDo.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'misguided' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) ill-conceived, misguided - (poorly conceived or thought out; 
              'an ill-conceived plan to take over the company')
          2. misguided, mistaken - (wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment; 
             'well-meaning but misguided teachers'; 'a mistaken belief'; 'mistaken identity')

Super-classes Erroneous^c

Mishap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mishap`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mishap' in WordNet: 2. mishap, misadventure, mischance - (an instance of misfortune)`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c
Sub-classes	Accident^c

Misinformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misinformation`
Description	''Misinformation'' is information that is false, misleading, or exaggerated, produced by a ''misinforming'' Action. This can be produced by a ''RhetoricalManeuver'' (a ''LinguisticCommunication'' that uses a ''RhetoricalDevice'' (a ''Tactic'') `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misinformation' in WordNet: 1. misinformation - (information that is incorrect)`
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Sub-classes	Exaggeration^c

Misinforming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misinforming`
Description	''Misinforming'' is an ''Informing'' in which the information conveyed is exaggerated, misleading, or only partly true (as in leaving out important facts) or false. This can happen when a speaker uses a ''RhetoricalManeuver''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misinform' in WordNet: 1. misinform, mislead - (give false or misleading information to)`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c Informing^c MisleadingEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Misinformation^c
Sub-classes	Lying^c Exaggerating^c Misrepresenting^c

Misleading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misleading`
Description	''Misleading'' is the attribute of some assertion or proposition that may have some element of truth or fact, but as presented suggests something that is not true. This is a common attribute or rhetorical devices and political assertions accusing competitors of bad things.. This sense of 'shoddy' is not in RHW. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'misleading' in Wordnet: 1. (4) deceptive, misleading, shoddy - (designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently; 'the deceptive calm in the eye of the storm'; 'deliberately deceptive packaging'; 'a misleading similarity'; 'statistics can be presented in ways that are misleading'; 'shoddy business practices')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Fraudulent^c

MisleadingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MisleadingEvent`
Description	A ''MisleadingEvent'' is a ''ConveyingInformation'' (by any means by intentional agents or by natural phenomena, whether linguistic or in other signs, or by emitting light, sound, or other signs) in such a way that the usual interpretation of the InformationObject transferred is a ''Falsehood''. This is not necessarily intentional, it can be done by optical illusions or by transmission of information that is false but not known as false by the transmitting agent, or by observations that strongly suggest incorrect interpretations. This includes as subtypes optical illusions, stage magic illusions, and all types of ''Misinforming'' including outright intentional Lying. NOTe that the WN synset 'misinform, mislead' does not distinguish between conveying information by intentional agents only and by other possible means of obtaining information. That synset is used for this type and for the subtype ''Misinforming'' as well. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mislead' in WordNet: 2. (2) misinform, mislead - (give false or misleading information to)
Super-classes	ConveyingInformation^c
Restrictions	hadInformationTransferred^op some Falsehood^c
Sub-classes	Prank^c Misinforming^c Deception-Generic^c

Mismanagement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mismanagement`
Description	''Mismanagement'' is a form of ''ManagementEvent'' that is less effective than typtical, having errors of judgement and suboptimal reults. `NOTE:no entry yet for 'good mamagement' to contrast this with. Need 'good results', 'poor outcome' and similar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mismanagement' in WordNet: 1. (1) mismanagement, misdirection - (management that is careless or inefficient; 'he accomplished little due to the mismanagement of his energies')`
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c ManagementEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inefficient^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Suboptimal^c

Misperception^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misperception`
Description	A ''Misperception'' is an 'ErroneousBelieving' (one not conforming to reality or fact) caused by some ''Deception'' in which some Object or Situation causes a ''IntentionalAgent'' to believe it perceives something that is not there. Here synonymous with 'misperceiving', a subtype of ''Perceiving''. The Act of receiving an erroneous perception due to a ''Deceiving'' situation is included in this type along with the PersistentState) of having an erroneous belief due to that perception. The two are so close in time as to be difficult to disentangle. Includes RHW sense 2 of 'illusion': 2. the state or condition of being deceived; misapprehension. RHW 'misperception': to understand or perceive incorrectly; misunderstand. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misperceive' in WordNet: 1. (1) misperceive - (perceive incorrectly)
Super-classes	Perceiving^c ErroneousBelieving^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Deception-Generic^c
Sub-classes	OpticalMisperception^c

Misplacing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misplacing`
Description	''Misplacing'' is an ''ActionSeries'' in which the person doing the misplacing first performs a ''PuttingSomethingDown'' and then forgets where the object is located (performs a ''Forgetting''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misplace' and sense 1 of'mislay' in WordNet: 1. (1) misplace, mislay, lose - (place (something) where one cannot find it again; 'I misplaced my eyeglasses')`
Super-classes	ActionSeries^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c LosingAPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some PuttingSomethingDown^c hasSecondElement^op value Forgetting^c

Mispronouncing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mispronouncing

Description

'Mispronouncing' is a ''Speaking'' in which one or more of the words are incorrectly pronounced.

        NOTE: in this WN sybset the word 'misspeak' is misspelled(!).
        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mispronounce' in WordNet:
          1. mispronounce, misspeak - (pronounce a word incorrectly;
               'She mispronounces many Latinate words')

Super-classes Pronouncing^c

Misrepresenting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misrepresenting`
Description	''Misrepresenting'' is a ''Misinforming'' in which the information conveyed represents or portrays something as other than it really is. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misrepresent' in WordNet: 1. (2) misrepresent, belie - (represent falsely; 'This statement misrepresents my intentions')`
Super-classes	Misinforming^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Deceit^c
Sub-classes	DistortingFacts^c

Missed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Missed

Description

''Missed'' is an AttributeValue of things (objects, perceivable Events) that are not perceived by an agent who might have perceived them if careful attention had been paid, or something did not interfere.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'missed' in Wordnet:
         1. lost, missed - (not caught with the senses or the mind; 'words lost in the din')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Missile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Missile`
Description	A subcollection of #$ProjectileWeapon, the instances of which are self-powered and unmanned. A #$Missile may be jet-propelled or rocket-propelled. The traversal of a missile when launched may be controlled in different ways: launch-guided, midterm-guided or terminal-guided. The subcollection #$CruiseMissile contains instances that adjust their course while flying, so they are midterm-guided and terminal-guided. NOTE that Cyc requires that a Missile be an ExplosiveDevice, but in COSMO a missile that is designed to disrupt a target solely by ballistic impact is still a Missile. NOTE that in COSMO a Missile must be rocket propelled, so exclusively air-breathing engine propelled devices cannot be missiles. In SUMO, every Missile is a Spacecraft, but in COSMO missiles intended for use solely at or near the surface of the Earth are also missiles. That parent is left out in COSMO. SUMO: A Spacecraft which is propelled by a rocket. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'missile' in Wordnet: 1. (10) missile - (a rocket carrying a warhead of conventional or nuclear explosives; may be ballistic or directed by remote control)
Super-classes	RocketPropelledTransportationDevice^c MilitaryWeapon^c ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice^c ProjectileWeapon^c UnmannedAircraft^c
Sub-classes	BallisticMissile^c

Missing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Missing

Description

''Missing'' is a subattribute of 'Absent' characterizing things that would normally be present, but cannot be found.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'missing' in Wordnet:
          2. (5) missing - (not able to be found; 'missing in action'; 'a missing person')

Super-classes Absent^c

MissingAnAppointment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissingAnAppointment`
Description	'MissingAnAppointment' is an Event in which some IntelligentAgent fails to be (or arrive) at the location of an event, at a specific time: a meeting, a performance, the departure of a vehicle. This assumes that the agent either tried to, or at some time intended to, be at the Event. The 'MissingAnAppointment' could be a failure to be present only at some part of an Event: the beginning, the end, or any part of the middle. This applies to missing the departure of a vehicle from some location. 'missed the concert'; 'missed the first five minutes of the movie'; 'missed the plane'. Missing the departure of a vehicle is usually expressed in English as 'missing' the vehicle - 'missed the train', and it is understood that it is the departure and boarding process that is missed. `If a person attempted to arrive at the Event, but failed to, the MissingAnAppointment would be an instance of the subtype 'FailingToArrive'. . Includes verb senses 3 and 5 of 'miss' in WordNet - sense 5 is represented by the COSMO subtype 'FailingToArrive' in WordNet: 3. (10) miss - (fail to attend an event or activity; 'I missed the concert'; 'He missed school for a week') 5. (5) miss - (fail to reach or get to; 'She missed her train')`
Super-classes	DidNotHappenEvent^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op some Presence^c
Sub-classes	FailingToArrive^c

MissingPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissingPart`
Description	Each ''MissingPart'' is a ''Part'' of any Entity that is not present in that entity but if present would enhance the value or 'completeness' of that entity for some purpose. The ''MissingPart'' itsef may or may not exist, absolutely or in some context. This is very vague and very broad and can be relative to some purpose or may be absolute in being necessary for the entity to exist in its full identity `A Person with only one Arm has one hypothetical Arm that is a ''MissingPart''.`
Super-classes	Part^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absent^c isaProperPartOf^op some WholeThing^c
Sub-classes	MissingPiece^c ComplementaryPart^c

MissingPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissingPerson`
Description	`No WN entry for 'missing person'.`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Missing^c

MissingPiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissingPiece`
Description	A ''MissingPiece'' is a ''MissingPart'' of an Object (Physical or abstract) that was lost and has not (yet) been found. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hiatus' in WordNet: 2. hiatus - (a missing piece (as a gap in a manuscript)) WN noun 'lacuna': 1. lacuna, blank - (a blank gap or missing part)`
Super-classes	MissingPart^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absent^c

MissingaPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissingaPayment`
Description	'MissingaPayment' is a ''Failing'' in which an IntelligentAgent fails to make a Payment that is due at a particular time. Depending on the circumstances, this may cause a penalty, as with missed payments for credit card debts. A series of such failures may carry heavier penalties, such as imposing a ''Lien'' on property. `NOTE: each of the terms in this WN synset: 'default, nonpayment, nonremittal' occurs twice in WN, once, as here, to label the act of a debtor who does not make a payment on time (or ever), and once (see ''NonPaymentLoss'') to represent the loss to the creditor to whom the payment is not remitted. The relation between the two senses is causal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonpayment' in WordNet: 1. default, nonpayment, nonremittal - (act of failing to meet a financial obligation)`
Super-classes	NonEvent^c SkippingOverSomething^c Failure^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value NonpaymentLoss^c
Sub-classes	DefaultingonaDebt^c

MissingaTarget^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissingaTarget`
Description	'MissingaTarget' is a motion in which some ''Projectile'' does not impact its ''Target'' although it was aimed at the Target object. It may come or pass or fall short by any amount. 'the shot missed the target'. `See also ''Impelling'' and related concepts. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'miss' in WordNet: 7. (4) miss - (fail to reach; 'The arrow missed the target')`
Super-classes	Failure^c FailingToCollide^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op some StrikingaTarget^c
Sub-classes	Overshooting^c Undershooting^c

Mission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mission`
Description	A Mission is a Goal, to which the IntelligentAgent has a higher level of commitment (or determination) than for a common Goal; in addition, the Goal needs to have as a beneficiary some purpose other than benefitting the IntelligentAgent itself. A Mission may include a number of individual Goals, and will be motivated by some sense of duty, which may be self-imposed. The Random House dictionary defines this sense of Mission as: '16. an assigned or self-imposed duty or task; calling; vocation.' . The level of commitment required to make a Goal into a Mission is vague, but for this ontology it merely needs to be significantly higher than for a typical Goal. The commitment may be imposed by some authority other than the Agent with the Mission, e.g. by an employer or supervisor. A military 'mission' will typically be assigned by someone other than the persons performing the mission. Having a Mission does not necessarily mean that the IntelligentAgent with the Mission will not benefit from its accomplishment; it merely means that some other Agent must also benefit. Thus a commercial company can have as its 'Mission' the total satisfaction of its customers. That benefits both the company and its customers. Includes but is broader than senses 2 and 3 of 'mission' in WordNet; the COSMO 'Mission' can be but does not have to be assigned by anyone other than the agent with the 'Mission': in WordNet: 2. (8) mission, military mission - (an operation that is assigned by a higher headquarters; 'the planes were on a bombing mission') 3. (8) mission, charge, commission - (a special assignment that is given to a person or group; 'a confidential mission to London'; 'his charge was deliver a message')
Super-classes	Goal^c
Restrictions	wasAssignedByAuthority^op some IntelligentAgent^c

Missonary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Missonary`
Description	A ''Missonary'' is an ''AdvocateForaCause'' an ''AdvocatingaBelief'' Action. This can be done one-on-one or by addressing an audience of any size through any medium. The 'cause' is a ''Religion''. NOTE:this is for a Person whose main effort is to convert people from one religion (or no religion) to another. Local preachers and pastors in established churches or synagogues or mosques are not instances. Includes part of both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'missionary' in WordNet, specifically for advoting a religion,whether at home or in a foreign land.: in WordNet: 1. (3) missionary - (someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program) 2. missionary, missioner - (someone sent on a mission-especially a religious or charitable mission to a foreign country)
Super-classes	AdvocateForaCause^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value PreachingaReligion^c

Misspelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misspelling`
Description	''Misspelling'' is the act of incorrectly ''Spelling'' in oral or written form, listing the letters in the wrong sequence or leaving out or adding letters inappropriately. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misspell' in WordNet: 1. misspell - (spell incorrectly)`
Super-classes	Spelling^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Erroneous^c

MisspendingMoney^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MisspendingMoney

Description

''MisspendingMoney'' is the act of spending some quantity of Money unwisely or inapproriately or illegally.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'misspend' in WordNet:
          2. misspend - (spend (money or other resources) unwisely)

Super-classes SpendingMoney^c

MisspendingTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MisspendingTime`
Description	''MisspendingTime'' is a ''SpendingTime'' is an ''Unwise'' manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misspend' in WordNet: 1. misspend - (spend time badly or unwisely; 'He misspent his youth')
Super-classes	SpendingTime^c

Mist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mist`
Description	A kind of suspension in which particles of liquid are suspended in a gas. These may be natural, as on a misty morning, or artificially created. `This is a suspension of liquid, not solid, therefore are not composed of ''ParticulateMatter'' - see ''Smoke''. Includes but is not restricted to the morning 'mist' of the Wordnet sense (see subtype ''Fog''): in WordNet: 1. (11) mist - (a thin fog with condensation near the ground)`
Super-classes	CloudlikeObject^c
Sub-classes	Fog^c

MistakenAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MistakenAction`
Description	An Action that has a result either different from the intended result, or having a consequence that is bad for the agent doing the action. It may not be immediately evident to the agent or others that an Action is a MistakenAction, if there are delayed or unrecognized negative consequences. This sense includes the baseball sense of 'error' `Includes noun sense 1 of 'mistake' and senses 1 and 4 of 'error' in WordNet: 1. (13) mistake, error, fault - (a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; 'he made a bad mistake'; 'she was quick to point out my errors'; 'I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults') WN 'error': 4. (3) error, misplay - ((baseball) a failure of a defensive player to make an out when normal play would have sufficed)`
Super-classes	Error^c Action^c
Sub-classes	MinorMistake^c ErroneousReasoning^c Flop^c BunglingaTask^c MisCategorizing^c SpoilingSomething^c FoolishAct^c Oversight^c Misunderstanding^c

MistakenAssumption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MistakenAssumption`
Description	A ''FalseAssumption'' is a any 'Assumption' that is ''ProvablyFalse''. Not necessarily a ''Belief'' - it could be tentative, or a hypothesis.
Super-classes	Assumption^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ProvablyFalse^c

Mistakenly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mistakenly

Description

''Mistakenly'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that are based on a ''Misguided'' opinion, view,or idea held by the Actor.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mistakenly' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) mistakenly, erroneously - (in a mistaken manner; 'he mistakenly believed it')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Mistletoe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mistletoe

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mistletoe' in WordNet:
         2. mistletoe, Viscum album, Old World mistletoe - 
           (Old World parasitic shrub having branching greenish stems 
             with leathery leaves and waxy white glutinous berries;
             the traditional mistletoe of Christmas)

Super-classes Bush^c

MistreatingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MistreatingaPerson`
Description	''MistreatingaPerson'' is a ''WrongingSomeone'' where the agent(s) wronged did not so anything to harm the Person doing the mistreating. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mistreat' in WordNet: 1. mistreat, maltreat, abuse, ill-use, step, ill-treat - (treat badly; 'This boss abuses his workers'; 'She is always stepping on others to get ahead') WN noun 'mistreatment': 1. mistreatment - (the practice of treating (someone or something) badly; 'he should be punished for his mistreatment of his mother')`
Super-classes	WrongingSomeone^c AbusingAnAnimal^c InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c hadAgentHarmed^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	SexualAbuse^c Persecuting^c Harassment^c

Mistress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mistress`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mistress' in WordNet: 1. (4) mistress, kept woman, fancy woman - (an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Woman^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SexualAffair^c

Mistrust^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mistrust

Description

An instance of #$FeelingType, #$Mistrust represents the feeling or attitude an agent has towards something that it considers unreliable, suspicious, or otherwise untrustworthy.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mistrust' in Wordnet:
           1. misgiving, mistrust, distrust, suspicion - (doubt about someone's honesty)

Super-classes Doubt^c

Misunderstanding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Misunderstanding`
Description	A ''Misunderstanding''is a 'FailingToUnderstand' where the Person who performs the ''Misunderstanding'' believes that s/he in fact understands correctly. Whereas, knowing that one does not understand causes ''Bafflement''. This is an Action, so the wrongly understaood Proposition that is ''Erroneous'' is a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misunderstand' in WordNet: 1. (3) misconstrue, misinterpret, misconceive, misunderstand, misapprehend, be amiss - (interpret in the wrong way; 'Don't misinterpret my comments as criticism'; 'She misconstrued my remarks') WN noun 'misunderstanding': 1. (1) misinterpretation, misunderstanding, mistaking - (putting the wrong interpretation on; 'his misinterpretation of the question caused his error'; 'there was no mistaking her meaning')
Super-classes	FailingToUnderstand^c MistakenAction^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op value Understanding^c produces^op some ErroneousBelief^c

MisusingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MisusingSomething

Description

''MisusingSomething'' is an ''AbusingSomething'' in which the thing 'abused' is not an animal, but an inanimate Object (abstract or concrete) or substance. The thing harmed in this case could be the user. 'abusing drugs'

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'abuse' in WordNet:
           3. misuse, abuse - (improper or excessive use)
        WN verb 'abuse':
    2. (2) pervert, misuse, abuse - (change the inherent purpose or function of something; 
         'Don't abuse the system'; 'The director of the factory misused the funds intended
          for the health care of his workers')
    4. abuse - (use wrongly or improperly or excessively; 'Her husband often abuses alcohol'; 
       'while she was pregnant, she abused drugs')

Super-classes AbusingSomething^c

Mite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mite`
Description	Tiny almost invsible arachnids that feed on plants or animals and can damage crops. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mite' in WordNet: 2. mite - (any of numerous very small to minute arachnids often infesting animals or plants or stored foods)`
Super-classes	Parasite^c BloodFeedingArthropod^c Arachnid^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value 0.001^c
Sub-classes	ItchMite^c Chigger^c

Miticide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Miticide`
Description	A ''Miticide'' isa chemical substance that can kill ''Mite''s. It can be used to kill mites on plants or on animals. `RHW 'miticide': a substance or preparation for killing mites.`
Super-classes	ToxicSubstance^c
Restrictions	canKill^op value Mite^c

Mitigating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mitigating`
Description	''Mitigating'' is an Action causing a decrease in a Person's 'Discomfort' or the ''Severity'' of some conditions under which a Person must live, or of the 'Cruelness'' of some behavior that a Person must endure, without increasing any of those situations. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mitigate' in WordNet: 2. mitigate - (make less severe or harsh; 'mitigating circumstances')`
Super-classes	Action^c RemovingaRestriction^c Easing^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15677^c

Mitigation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mitigation`
Description	''Mitigation'' is an Action that reduces the ''Fault'' or ''Responsibility'' for some error or mistaken action. `See also ''Mitigating'' for reducing the discomfort of a Person- may need more analysis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mitigation' in WordNet: 1. (1) extenuation, mitigation, palliation - (to act in such a way as to cause an offense to seem less serious) WN verb 'mitigate': 1. (3) extenuate, palliate, mitigate - (lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of; 'The circumstances extenuate the crime') 2. mitigate - (make less severe or harsh; 'mitigating circumstances')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op some (Responsibility^c or Fault^c or BlameSituation^c)

Mitten^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mitten`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mitten' in WordNet: 1. mitten - (glove that encases the thumb separately and the other four fingers together)
Super-classes	Glove^c ClothingAccessory^c

Mixed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mixed`
Description	''Mixed'' is an Attribute of Objects or Substances that have been mixed together i.e. subject to a 'Mixing' process. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mixed' in WordNet: 1. (9) amalgamated, intermingled, mixed, integrated - (caused to combine or unite)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Dissolved^c Suspended^c

MixedCultures^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MixedCultures`
Description	''MixedCultures'' is a Group of ''Cultures'' that coexist in some ''GeographicalArea'', usually an UrbanArea.
Super-classes	Group^c CulturalThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2 isaTopicOf^op value Multiculturalism^c

MixedDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MixedDrink`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mixed drink' in WordNet: 1. mixed drink - (made of two or more ingredients)`
Super-classes	AlcoholicBeverage^c
Sub-classes	CocktailDrink^c

Mixing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mixing`
Description	The generic Event in which two or more things (substances, objects, events) are brought together to form a new thing with a separate identity from the original things, by an intentional or natural process. This is the most generic 'mixing'. For the Action of intentionally mixing substances together, use ''MixingSubstances''. Includes verb senses 1, 3, 4, and 5 of 'mix' in WordNet: 1. (7) blend, flux, mix, conflate, commingle, immix, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge - (mix together different elements; 'The colors blend well') 3. (1) mix, mingle, commix, unify, amalgamate - (to bring or combine together or with something else; 'resourcefully he mingled music and dance') 4. (1) mix - (combine (electronic signals); 'mixing sounds') 5. (1) mix, mix in - (add as an additional element or part; 'mix water into the drink') WN verb 'mix in': 1. (2) blend in, mix in - (cause (something) to be mixed with (something else); 'At this stage of making the cake, blend in the nuts') 2. mix, mix in - (add as an additional element or part; 'mix water into the drink')
Super-classes	Creation^c Combining^c
Sub-classes	DispersionOfStuff^c MixingSubstances^c Diluting^c Permeating^c SuspendingaSubstance^c Interspersing^c

MixingSubstances^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MixingSubstances`
Description	The Action of intentionally mixing two or more Substances to create a Mixture. Called 'Mixing' in Cyc: A collection of events: an instance of #$CreationTypeByMethod and a specialization of #$PhysicalCreationEvent, #$Incorporation-Physical and #$MaterialHandling. In each instance of this collection two or more substances are combined to form a #$Mixture. Notable specializations include #$Diluting and #$Aerosolizing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mix', and part of noun senses 3 of 'mix' and 1 of 'mixing' in WordNet: 1. (7) blend, flux, mix, conflate, commingle, immix, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge - (mix together different elements; 'The colors blend well') WN: 'mixing' 3. mix, commixture, admixture, mixture, intermixture, mixing - (the act of mixing together; 'paste made by a mix of flour and water'; 'the mixing of sound channels in the recording studio')
Super-classes	Mixing^c PhysicalCreationEvent^c Incorporation-Physical^c MaterialHandling^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some SubstanceGroup^c
Sub-classes	ConcoctingFood^c

Mixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mixture`
Description	A PhysicalSubstance that is not a single chemical entity, but has more than one component. The restriction requires that at least two components be named. A Mixture is a substance that by its nature must be made up of more than one component. Steel and SeaWater are examples. CYC: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$Mixture is a homogeneous partially tangible thing composed of two or more different constituents (see the predicate #$constituents) which have been mixed. The inputs to this mixing do not form chemical bonds among themselves, and at a later time the mixture may be separated back out into these inputs. Specializations of #$Mixture include #$Blood, #$Mud, #$Air, and #$CarbonatedBeverage. Note that each instance of #$Mixture has a composition but not a structure; thus, the following are _not_ instances of #$Mixture, since all have some structure: a wet sponge, a person, or a portion of plywood. NOTE that WN sense 2 could be represented by a subtype 'FoodMixture' (not in Rev1123). Includes noun senses 1 of 'mixture' and noun sense 1 of 'mix' in WordNet: 1. (39) mixture - ((chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)) WN noun 'mix': 1. mix, premix - (a commercially prepared mixture of dry ingredients)
Super-classes	ExistingStuffType^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op min 2
Sub-classes	Calamine^c Paste^c Yogurt^c Stew^c Alloy^c Margarine^c Adhesive^c CompositionArtifact^c Cheese^c FlockedFabric^c Emulsion^c TenKaratGold^c MixtureDuo^c Lard^c Blend^c Composite^c Shampoo^c ProofAlcohol^c EyeDropSolution^c Oilcloth^c Soup^c Air^c CalamineLotion^c LiquidMixture^c PureGold^c Protoplasm^c Dust^c Feces^c Gunpowder^c WineCooler^c Pudding^c SoapAndWater^c FrozenDessertFood^c Plaster^c Sap^c Perfume^c Cement-Structural^c Chowder^c Grease^c Petroleum^c GasMixture^c PavingAsphalt^c Turf^c Cloth^c Suspension^c Butter^c PavingMaterial^c Lymph^c Blubber^c Asphalt^c FoodConcoction^c HairSpray^c Mud^c Napalm^c BondingMaterial^c Smog^c

MixtureDuo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MixtureDuo`
Description	A ''MixtureDuo'' is a 'Mixture'' having exactly two component substances (which could themselves be mixtures) that impart the dominent characteristics to the Mixture. here may be trace contaminents or even intentionally added materials that do not affect the main characteristics of the mMixture. `The two component substances do not have to be closely matched in quantity. 'SterlingSilver' for example is a mixture of 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper.`
Super-classes	Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op min 2
Sub-classes	SterlingSilver^c

MixtureType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MixtureType`
Description	MixtureType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that are combinations of two or more substances. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	SolutionType^c BeverageType^c
Members	Cement-Structural Petroleum Emulsion MixtureDuo Lard MapleSyrup Suspension Stuffing Solution MapleSap Compost Mixture Sap Alloy Grease Filling Margarine GasMixture Blubber Butter Mincemeat Composite Blend FoodConcoction EyeDropSolution BondingMaterial Air AmmoniaWater SoapAndWater Mozzarella Paste Yogurt LiquidMixture SterlingSilver Adhesive ParmesanCheese CompositionArtifact Gunpowder Cheese

MmMercury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MmMercury`
Description	MmMercury is a UnitOfMeasure for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of millimeters of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the surrounding air pressure.
Super-classes	PressureMeasure^c

Moaning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moaning`
Description	''Moaning'' is Making a low soft audible sound, indiciative of some form of distress or displeasure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moan' in WordNet: 1. (3) groan, moan, sough - (indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure; 'The students groaned when the professor got out the exam booklets'; 'The ancient door soughed when opened') WN noun 'moan': 1. (1) groan, moan - (an utterance expressing pain or disapproval)`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c Vocalizing^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value Speaking^c

Moat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moat`
Description	CYC: A collection of artifacts. Each instance of #$Moat is a deep wide trench around a building (e.g. a castle) usually filled with water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moat' in WordNet: 1. moat, fosse - (ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water)`
Super-classes	Excavation-Hole^c Ditch^c ProtectiveObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c

Mob^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mob`
Description	A ''Mob'' is a ''CrowdOfPeople'' that is unorganized and unruly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mob' in Wordnet: 1. (11) mob, rabble, rout - (a disorderly crowd of people)`
Super-classes	CrowdOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Unorganized^c

MobOfHair-Mammal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MobOfHair-Mammal`
Description	COSMO note: 'HairObject' can be any quantity of hair. A MobOfHair must be more than a few strands, enough so that the individual strands recede in perception to the collection as a whole. Cyc: A mob of hairs found on mammals. `Close to the Wordnet 'hair' sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (59) hair - (a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss; 'he combed his hair'; 'each hair consists of layers of dead keratinized cells')`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c MobOfThings^c HairObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Hair-Strand^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Hair^c
Sub-classes	Eyelashes^c Mane^c HairOnHead^c Moustache^c Beard^c Eyebrow^c FurObject^c Whiskers^c

MobOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MobOfThings`
Description	COSMO note: This is a Group of any objects, not just people. Derived from the CYC term 'Mob'. A ''MobOfThings'' has a minimum size larger than a ''Bunch''; the minimum number of members in a 'MobOfThings' is perhaps 15. In Cyc a mountain range is a MobOfThings of mountains, so the number cannot be too large. CYC: A specialization of #$Group. Each instance of #$Mob is a group that contains a large number of objects or events of the same type. Mobs typically have more members than would be feasible to enumerate or reify. One rarely refers to particular members of a given mob; and when one does, it is usually only to relatively few of them. Examples: the #$Andes-Mountains is a mob of mountains; each instance of #$Galaxy is a mob of stars; a cupful of sand is a mob of grains of sand; and making popcorn involves a mob of corn kernel bursting events. See also #$MobFn.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c LocalGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Bristles^c MobOfHair-Mammal^c LotsOfTrees^c

Mobile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mobile

Description

''Mobile'' is the attribute of objects that are able to be moved or move under their own power (as a 'mobile home'), so that they can be relocated from one place to another. The maximum size for something like this would be about the size of a large trailer or piece of earth-moving machinery on tracks. The kind of ''Motion'' is unrestricted, so that the moving of a tongue in the process of speaking makes the tongue ''Mobile''. 'mobile rocket launchers'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mobile' in Wordnet:
             1. (10) mobile - (moving or capable of moving readily 
                (especially from place to place); 'a mobile missile system'; 
                'the tongue is...the most mobile articulator')

Super-classes Movable^c

MobileHome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MobileHome

Description

A ''MobileHome'' is any Conveyance that has a wheeled residence compartment, whether it is a ''Trailer'' or has a motorized cab integrated as a unit.

       This does not include movable pre-built residential units 
         that are transported by a  separate conveyance to be placed on the ground,
         and cannot easily be moved from place to place.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mobile home' in WordNet:
            1. mobile home, manufactured home - (a large house trailer 
              that can be connected to utilities and can be parked in 
              one place and used as permanent housing)

Super-classes Trailer^c
Residence^c

MobilePlatform^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MobilePlatform`
Description	A MobilePlatform is a Platform designed to support something and to carry it from place to place. For the military 'platform' use ''WeaponsPlatform''.
Super-classes	SupportingConveyance^c Platform^c Facility-Generic^c
Sub-classes	ModernNavalShip^c SkateBoard^c

Mobility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mobility`
Description	''Mobility'' is the Quality (a ''PersistentState'') of something able to be moved or move under their its power (as a 'mobile home'), so that they can be relocated from one place to another. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mobility' in WordNet: 1. (2) mobility - (the quality of moving freely)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op some Mobile^c

MobilityAid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MobilityAid`
Description
Super-classes	DisabilityAidEquipment^c
Sub-classes	Walker^c Staff^c Wheelchair^c

MobilizingTroops^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MobilizingTroops`
Description	NOTE:'militarization' is not usually used for assembling troops - term is omitted. @ToDo: A different sense is needed. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mobilize' in WordNet: 2. (2) call up, mobilize, mobilise, rally - (call to arms; of military personnel) WN noun 'mobilization': 1. (1) mobilization, mobilisation, militarization, militarisation - (act of assembling and putting into readiness for war or other emergency: "mobilization of the troops")`
Super-classes	SendingForSomeone^c MarshallingResources^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value MilitaryPersonnel^c

Moccasin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moccasin`
Description	CYC: Boots made mainly of leather, without a heel. NOTE: this means without an attached hard 'heel'. Needs a type of that 'heel'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moccasin' in WordNet: 1. moccasin, mocassin - (soft leather shoe; originally worn by native Americans)`
Super-classes	Shoe^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Soft^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Comfortable^c

Mockery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mockery`
Description	'Mocking'' is a ''Mimicry'' with the intention of deriding the thing mimicked `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mock' in WordNet: 2. mock - (imitate with mockery and derision; 'The children mocked their handicapped classmate')`
Super-classes	Imitating^c
Sub-classes	RidiculingSomeone^c

Mocking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mocking

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mocking' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) derisive, gibelike, jeering, mocking, taunting - (abusing vocally;
             expressing contempt or ridicule; 'derisive laughter'; 'a jeering crowd'; 
             'her mocking smile'; 'taunting shouts of `coward' and `sissy'')

Super-classes Uncomplimentary^c

MockingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MockingSomeone`
Description	''MockingSomeone'' is a subtype of ''ExpressingDisapproval'' in which the disapproval is mixed with contempt and is expressed in terms tending to make the target appear ridiculous. `RHW 'mockery': 1. ridicule, contempt, or derision.??same?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mock' in WordNet: 1. (4) mock, bemock - (treat with contempt; 'The new constitution mocks all democratic principles') WN noun 'mock': 1. mock - (the act of mocking or ridiculing; 'they made a mock of him') WN noun 'mockery': 1. (1) jeer, jeering, mockery, scoff, scoffing - (showing your contempt by derision)`
Super-classes	ExpressingDisapproval^c
Sub-classes	CaricaturingSomeone^c

Mockingbird^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mockingbird

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mockingbird' in WordNet:
        1. mockingbird, mocker, Mimus polyglotktos - 
           (long-tailed grey-and-white songbird of the southern
           United States able to mimic songs of other birds)

Super-classes OscineBird^c

Modal-Contracted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modal-Contracted`
Description	CYC: The collection of all contracted modal forms. The only modals which can contract are 'would' and 'will'. Example: -ll from 'will'.
Super-classes	ModalAuxVerb^c

Modal-Negated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modal-Negated`
Description
Super-classes	ModalAuxVerb^c

ModalAuxVerb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModalAuxVerb`
Description	CYC 'Modal': The collection of all modal auxiliary verbs. Modals have only tensed forms, do not inflect for person and number, and can take contracted negation. Example: 'should'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modal auxiliary verb' in WordNet: 1. modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary, modal - (an auxiliary verb (such as 'can' or 'will') that is used to express modality)`
Super-classes	AuxVerb^c
Sub-classes	Modal-Contracted^c Modal-Negated^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#would http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#could http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#should

Modality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'modality' in WordNet: 2. mood, mode, modality - (verb inflections that express how the action or state is conceived by the speaker)`
Super-classes	GrammaticalRelation^c

Model^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Model

Description

A type of commercial product that was made in more than one type. It usually has a distinguishing name or number.

  Types of cars are often referred to, as on auto registration certificates,
     by 'make and model' where 'make' is the manufacturer.

  Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'model' in WordNet:.
  2. (11) model - (a type of product; 'his car was an old model')

Super-classes Sort^c

Model-Artifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Model-Artifact`
Description	A three-dimensional solid model of some type of PhysicalObject or some individual PhysicalObject; e.g. an architect's model of a proposed building or a souvenier model of the Eiffel tower. COSMO note: the restriction requires that for each instance of 'Model-Artifact' one specify the thing or type of thing that it is a model of, using the relation 'resembles'. Thus a 'ModelAirplane'' 'resembles' and ''Airplane''. Cyc: A collection of artifacts; a subset of #$VisualInformationBearingThing. Each element of #$Model-Artifact is a tangible object designed to resemble and/or represent some other object, which may or may not exist tangibly. For example, an architectural model for a proposed public building; a souvenir model of #$TheWhiteHouse; a scale model of a dinosaur skeleton; a miniature room and furnishings copying a real house. The function, #$ModelFn, is used to designate the collection of models of a collection of objects. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'model' in WordNet: 4. (4) model, simulation - (representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale))
Super-classes	DurableGood^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c VisualInformationBearingThing^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c
Restrictions	resembles^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ModelFigure^c StuffedAnimal^c ToyReplica^c

ModelAirplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModelAirplane`
Description	A '''ModelAirplane'' is a 'ToyReplica' that is similar (often precisely so) to an ''Airplane'' at a much reduced scale, usually small enough to be held in one hand. Such things are constructed as a hobby by enthusiasts.
Super-classes	ToyReplica^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Airplane^c

ModelFigure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModelFigure`
Description	A 'ModelFigure' is a 'Model-Artifact' that resembles some Animal - often a Person - on a small scale. The 'original' could be mythical or fictional. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'figure' in WordNet: 4. (14) figure - (a model of a bodily form (especially of a person); 'he made a figure of Santa Claus')`
Super-classes	Role^c Model-Artifact^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	resembles^op some AnimalType^c
Sub-classes	Figurine^c Puppet^c

ModelSizeScaleRatio^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModelSizeScaleRatio

Description

A 'ModelSizeScaleRatio' is a Ratio representing the ratio of linear measures between an original object and a to-scale model or representation (including maps) of the object..

    Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scale' in WordNet:
      3. (6) scale - - (the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it;
       'the scale of the map'; 'the scale of the model')

Super-classes Ratio^c

ModelngAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModelngAnObject`
Description	''ModelngAnObject'' is a sense of 'model' in which an Agent creates a 'copy' of a PhysicalObject that is a (approximate or accurate) representation of the object being modeled. This is not restricted to Objects that are composed solely of a single substance like 'clay' but can be complex multipart artifacts such as airplane or ship models. `Includes verb senses 2 and 6 of 'model' in WordNet: 2. (1) model, mold, mould - (form in clay, wax, etc; 'model a head with clay') 6. model, mock up - (construct a model of; 'model an airplane')`
Super-classes	Simulating^c FormingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Model-Artifact^c

Modem^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modem

Description

An optional part of a computer, used for communication over a telephone line.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modem' in Wordnet:
         1. modem - ((from a combination of MOdulate and DEModulate) electronic
         equipment consisting of a device used to connect computers by a telephone line)

Super-classes ComputerPeripheralDevice^c

Moderate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moderate

Description

'Moderate' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are on the upper level (greater than 0.3 and less than 0.6 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake; feelings and poolitical views, and other things.

      For a more intense attribute, use 'Intense', and beyond that, 'Extreme'.

       This Includes all 3 senses of 'moderate' in WordNet (the
         senses characterizing human feelings could be a subtype,
         but (@ToDo *db995) are not broken out in rev995:
       in WordNet:
       1. (10) moderate - (being within reasonable or average limits; 
          not excessive or extreme; 'moderate prices'; 'a moderate income';
          'a moderate fine'; 'moderate demands'; 'a moderate estimate';
          'a moderate eater'; 'moderate success'; 'a kitchen of moderate size'; 
          'the X-ray showed moderate enlargement of the heart')
        2. (3) moderate, temperate - (not extreme; 'a moderate penalty'; 
           'temperate in his response to criticism')
        3. moderate, restrained - (marked by avoidance of extravagance or extremes; 
          'moderate in his demands'; 'restrained in his response')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c

ModerateBrown-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModerateBrown-Color`
Description
Super-classes	Brownish^c

Moderately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moderately

Description

''Moderately'' is a modifier more intense than 'Somewhat' that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of definiteness or emphasis near to the aerage or ust below average that would justify applicability of the attribute. The effect of this modifier is to assert that the attribute it modifies does apply to the thing that the attribute modifies, at a level of intensity that is near the average of

       less than that implied by using the 'rather'
       modifier, and definitely less than would be implied by the 'very'
       modifier.  If a person is *somewhat* overweight, then the speaker thinks
       that s/he is overweight, but not 'very' overweight, nor 'obese'.
       When the attributes are context sensitive this modifier is also context sensitive,
       so it is an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType'.
       This sense is used as a modifier of AttributeValues, which show up linguistically
       as adjectives or sometimes as adverbs.

       This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by
        a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb.
        These terms may be used variably by different people; in COSMO they form a
        hierarchy close to a common linguistic usage.
           The levels of intensity from low to high are:
             Somewhat
             Moderately
             "Significantly"
             Rather
             Very
             Extremely

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moderately' in WordNet:
         1. (2) reasonably, moderately, within reason, somewhat, fairly, middling, passably - 
          (to a moderately sufficient extent or degree; 'the shoes are priced reasonably'; 
          'he is fairly clever with computers'; 'they lived comfortably within reason')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

ModeratingBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModeratingBehavior`
Description	Reducing the harshness of a Person's behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mince' in WordNet: 1. (2) mince, soften, moderate - (make less severe or harsh; 'He moderated his tone when the students burst out in tears')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c DecreaseEvent^c Modification^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value HarshBehavior^c

Moderator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moderator`
Description	A ''Moderator'' is a subtype of ''ChairPerson'' that presides over a meeting of some GroupOfPeople, usually a group having some discussion. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'moderator' in WordNet: 3. moderator - (someone who presides over a forum or debate)`
Super-classes	ChairPerson^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value DiscussionForum^c

Modern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modern`
Description	COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to artifacts, (including conceptual works) that were created after 1900, and usually less than 30 years before the time point of reference. The time at which something can be created and still be considered 'modern' varies with the speaker and the type of thing being described. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'modern' in WordNet: 1. (62) modern - (belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages; 'modern art'; 'modern furniture'; 'modern history'; 'totem poles are modern rather than prehistoric') 2. (6) mod, modern, modernistic - (relating to a recently developed fashion or style; 'their offices are in a modern skyscraper'; 'tables in modernistic designs';) 3. (5) modern - (characteristic of present-day art and music and literature and architecture)
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	NewFangled^c Contemporary^c

ModernMilitaryOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModernMilitaryOrganization`
Description	COSMO note: a 'ModernMilitaryOrganization' is interpreted as any organized group (with a leader) of people of any size (even a squad) serving a government or quasi-governmental organization. The US Department of Defense is a governmental organization, but with civilian leadership it is not counted as a MilitaryOrganization. Each branch of the service is, however, a MilitaryOrganization. `Cyc: A specialization of #$MilitaryOrganization. Each instance of #$ModernMilitaryOrganization is a military organization of current (or recent) times that has modern equipment and methods. Instances of #$ModernMilitaryOrganization generally make at least some use of high-tech military hardware. Specializations of #$ModernMilitaryOrganization include #$AirForce, #$Navy, and #$Army-BranchOfService.`
Super-classes	MilitaryOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Regiment-MilitaryEchelon^c Brigade-MilitaryEchelon^c Reserves-ArmedForces^c ArmyDivision^c Battalion-MilitaryEchelon^c Platoon^c ArmySquad^c Squadron-MilitaryEchelon^c BranchOfMilitaryService^c Infantry^c Fleet^c

ModernNavalShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModernNavalShip`
Description	Cyc: A specialization of #$Ship and #$MilitaryWatercraft. Each specialization of #$ModernNavalShip represented in the Knowledge Base is a type of ship that has been used at some time since the beginning of the Nineteenth Century primarily for naval purposes, such as military attack and defense, reconnaisance, support, rescue, or coastal monitoring. Most instances of #$ModernNavalShip are specifically constructed for naval purposes. `Note that a ModernNavalShip does not have to carry weapons. It may be used for other purposes such as communications or supply. It does have to carry some devices that perform useful functions, so it will be a MobilePlatform. This is approximately the same as ''MilitaryVessel'' but modern - any MilitaryVessel currently in use in any capacity in military activities.`
Super-classes	WaterTransportationVehicle^c MobilePlatform^c Ship^c MilitaryVessel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Modern^c
Sub-classes	Battleship^c Dreadnought^c Flagship^c Submarine-Military^c AircraftCarrier^c Frigate^c NavalOiler^c Cruiser^c Destroyer^c Cutter-NavalWatercraft^c

Modernism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modernism`
Description	''Modernism'' has different branches, in art and architecure, but the term is also applied to writing and philosophy. It is too broad in meaning to specify precisely. NOTE: 'modernism' is here a subtype of ''ArtActivity'' (an Event) whereas ''Postmodernism'' is a subtype of ''PhilosophicalSchool'' (an Object). To be in both categories would be a contradiction. The hierarchical position needs to be reconsidered and should be the same for both concepts. Wikipedia: Modernism is both a philosophical movement and an art movement that arose from broad transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new forms of art, philosophy, and social organization which reflected the newly emerging industrial world, including features such as urbanization, new technologies, and war. Artists attempted to depart from traditional forms of art, which they considered outdated or obsolete. The poet Ezra Pound's 1934 injunction to "Make it New" was the touchstone of the movement's approach. Modernist innovations included abstract art, the stream-of-consciousness novel, montage cinema, atonal and twelve-tone music, and divisionist painting. Modernism explicitly rejected the ideology of realism[a][2][3] and made use of the works of the past by the employment of reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision and parody.[b][c][4] Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists also rejected religious belief.[5][d] A notable characteristic of modernism is self-consciousness concerning artistic and social traditions, which often led to experimentation with form, along with the use of techniques that drew attention to the processes and materials used in creating works of art.[7] While some scholars see modernism continuing into the 21st century, others see it evolving into late modernism or high modernism.[8] Postmodernism is a departure from modernism and rejects its basic assumptions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modernism' in WordNet: 1. (2) modernism - (genre of art and literature that makes a self-conscious break with previous genres)
Super-classes	ArtActivity^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Modernity^c contrastsWith^op value Classicism^c contrastsWith^op value Postmodernism^c

Modernist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modernist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modernist' in WordNet: 1. modernist - (an artist who makes a deliberate break with previous styles)`
Super-classes	Artist^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Modernism^c

Modernity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modernity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modernity' in WordNet: 1. (5) modernity, modernness, modernism, contemporaneity, contemporaneousness - (the quality of being current or of the present; 'a shopping mall would instill a spirit of modernity into this village')`
Super-classes	UpToDateness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Modern^c isAnAttributeOf^op value Artifact-Generic^c

Modernized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modernized

Description

Something ''Modernized'' is something has has been subjected to a ''Modernizing'' Action. This is for Devices and plans and designs and methods. For Texts that have been revised to include new material, use ''Updated''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'modernized' in Wordnet:
         1. modernized, modernised - (brought up to date; 'modernized methods')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Changed^c

Modernizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modernizing`
Description	''Modernizing'' is an ''Updating'' of some facility including all or parts of a building or factory that makes it more 'modern', in appearance or function. NOTE: this is similar to ''Remodeling'' but a ''Modernizing'' should include adding some elements of style or function that are notably more 'modern' in not being available the last time changes were made. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'modernize' and part of verb sense 2 of 'renovate' in WordNet: 1. (3) overhaul, modernize, modernise - (make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to; 'You should overhaul your car engine'; 'overhaul the health care system') WN verb 'renovate': 2. refurbish, renovate, freshen up - (make brighter and prettier; 'we refurbished the guest wing'; 'My wife wants us to renovate') WN noun 'modernization': 1. (8) modernization, modernisation - (making modern in appearance or behavior; 'the modernization of Nigeria will be a long process')
Super-classes	Updating^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Modern^c

Modest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modest

Description

The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Modesty''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'modest' in Wordnet:
      8. modest, restrained, unostentatious - (free from ostentation
       or pretension; 'the restrained elegance of the room')

Super-classes FeelingAttribute^c

ModestComfort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModestComfort`
Description	''ModestComfort'' is the ''LifeStyle'' of a family that is not in ''Poverty'' but has little ability to save money from their current income and other money sources.
Super-classes	LifeStyle^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value LowerMiddleClass^c

ModestInScale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModestInScale

Description

Something ''ModestInScale'' is small and unimpressive [contrast with grand] - of PhysicalObjects, including people. But this is not a Feeling, it is a partly judgmental attribute regarding quality.

     For the Feeling of restrained unostentatiousness use ''Modest'' and ''Modesty''.

      Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 5 of 'modest' and
        sense 1 of 'humble' in WordNet:
        5. (3) humble, low, lowly, modest, small - 
          (low or inferior in station or quality; 'a humble cottage';
          'a lowly parish priest'; 'a modest man of the people'; 'small beginnings')

Super-classes Unimpressive^c
Small^c

Modestly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modestly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'modestly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) modestly, with modesty - (in a modest manner; 'the dissertation was entitled, modestly, ''Remarks about a play by Shakespeare'')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Modesty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modesty

Description

Feeling free from brashness, boldness or assertiveness. Has no connotation of inferiority; see Humility. This is not for 'modesty' in dress.

        RHW 1: 'the quality of being modest; freedom from vanity, boastfulness, etc.'

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modesty' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) modesty, modestness - (freedom from vanity or conceit)

Super-classes Feeling^c

Modification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modification`
Description	Any of a broad category of Events in which some Object (or Action) that already exists at the beginning of the Event has one or more attributes or parts changed, usually by only a small amount,but 'radical readjustment' is included.. Most Events fit in this description, but a 'modification' is specifically a representation of some change to some Object (including people and abstract objects such as plans) or Action by some Person(s); the focus is on the change of attribute(s), and the Modification must result from the action of an agent (including natural agents such as tornadoes). This includes both transitive and intransitive aspects. For specifically intransitive changes, where the main actor in causing the change is the thing changing, use ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' and its subtypes. In that case the intransitive change can be prompted by external Events (and usually is), but is not a necessary result of external events. NOTE2: This type includes generic and abstract notions of 'modify' - the 'modification' of an ArtifactObject is more specifically represented by 'ModifyingAnArtifact''. Includes part of verb sense 3 of 'modify' and noun senses 1 and 4 of 'modification' and all 3 senses of 'alteration' and sense 1 of 'change' and transitive senses 1,3,4 and 5 of 'alter' and senses 2 and 3 of verb 'change' in WordNet, but does not include changes in actions. in WordNet: WN verb 'change': 1. (69) change - (undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; 'She changed completely as she grew older'; 'The weather changed last night') WN noun 'modification' 4. change, alteration, modification - (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; 'the change was intended to increase sales'; 'this storm is certainly a change for the worse'; 'the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago') WN 'alteration' 1. (4) change, alteration, modification - (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; 'the change was intended to increase sales'; 'this storm is certainly a change for the worse'; 'the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago') 2. (2) alteration, modification, adjustment - (the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)) WN verb 'alter': 3. (1) alter - (make an alteration to; 'This dress needs to be altered') 4. interpolate, alter, falsify - (insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby) WN verb 'change' 3. (13) change, alter, vary - (make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; 'her mood changes in accordance with the weather'; 'The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c CausingChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Modified^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Altered^c
Sub-classes	SettingaDeviceState^c Rethinking^c TaperingAnObject^c PreparingForSituation^c Accustoming^c Invalidating^c Revising^c AdaptingOneself^c SurprisingEvent^c Correcting^c Immobilizing^c PunctuatingText^c SterilizingAnAnimal^c Obfuscating^c AdaptingSomething^c Stylization^c Adjusting^c SocializingAnEconomy^c Reorganizing^c ModifyingBehavior^c RecentDevelopment^c Corrupting^c ChangingIntensity^c Altering^c Inactivating^c TuningUp^c Updating^c ImpartingSomething^c ModeratingBehavior^c RetardingaProcess^c Cancelling^c CuttingSomething^c Editing^c Remediation^c SharpeningAnObject^c

Modified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modified`
Description	''Modified'' can characterize Procedures or Objects, including PhysicalObjects and MentalObjects. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'modified' in Wordnet: 1. (1) modified - (changed in form or character; 'their modified stand made the issue more acceptable'; 'the performance of the modified aircraft was much improved')`
Super-classes	Changed^c Altered^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Automated^c Individualized^c Centralized^c Adjusted^c Stylized^c Decentralized^c SpatiallyPolarized^c

ModifyingAnArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModifyingAnArtifact`
Description	'ModifyingAnArtifact' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') cases some kind of ''Modification'' to an ''ArtifactObject''. The ''Modification'' could be building something from components. This Action can be done anywhere,but is the characteristic activity of what is done at a ''WorkBench''. `This include building, repairing, recoating,oranything that can be done to a solid object.`
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	MendingFabric^c Darning^c RepairingMotorVehicles^c RepairingAirplanes^c

ModifyingBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModifyingBehavior`
Description	''ModifyingBehavior'' is an Action in which some agent changes its own behavior in some specific way.
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Modification^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some Behavior^c
Sub-classes	ChangingAnAgentsAction^c CorrectingBehavior^c CivilizingaCulture^c BecomingDiverted^c

ModifyingaComputerDisplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModifyingaComputerDisplay`
Description	''ModifyingaComputerDisplay'' is an Action taken by a ''ComputerUser'' to change the image displayed on a ''ComuterDisplay'' (including Smart Phones)
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value ComputerDisplayView^c occursAt^op value ComputerDisplay^c isPerformedBy^op value ComputerUser^c
Sub-classes	Scrolling^c

Modular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Modular

Description

'Modular' is an AttributeValue of ''ArtifactObjects'' that are constructed of at least one and often multiple ''Module''s.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modular' in WordNet:
     1. modular - (constructed with standardized units or dimensions
        allowing flexibility and variety in use; 'modular furniture'; 'modular homes')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
ManMade^c

ModularArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModularArtifact`
Description	A ''ModularArtifact'' is an ''#ArtifactObject'' that contains at least one ''Module''. Usually, most of a ''ModularArtifact'' will be composed of ''Module''s but there will often be some non-modular components used to connect the modules and add functionality.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c ComplexPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Modular^c hasComponentPart^op some (Module^c or ModuleType^c)
Sub-classes	ModularHome^c

ModularHome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModularHome`
Description	CYC: The collection of all modular homes, constructed in sections at a factory and transported to the home site, where the sections are assembled into a finished house.
Super-classes	ManufacturedHome^c ModularArtifact^c

Module^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Module`
Description	A ''Module'' is a ''EngineeringComponent'' designed to fit together with other ''Module''s to comprise a larger ''ArtifactObject'' A ''modue'' canot be a simple ''EngineeringComponent'', it must have some degree of complexity (multiple parts, not necesarily separately manufactured, but distinguishable as parts) to differentiate it from simple objects like nails screws, or boards. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'module' in WordNet: 4. module - (a self-contained component (unit or item) that is used in combination with other components)`
Super-classes	EngineeringComponent^c
Restrictions	isDesignedAsPartOf^op some (ArtifactObject^c or ArtifactObjectType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Complex^c

ModuleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModuleType`
Description	A ''ModuleType'' is an ''ArtifactObjectType'' that can serve as type for ''Module''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ArtifactObject ''Module''s.
Super-classes	ArtifactObjectType^c
Members	Module

ModusOperandi^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ModusOperandi`
Description	`Also 'MO' (not in WN). RHW 'MO': 3. mode of operation. 4. modus operandi. mode of operating or working. NOTE:this is often used for a ''Criminal''s method of performing a crime, useful to know in criminal investigations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modus operandi' in WordNet: 1. routine, modus operandi - (an unvarying or habitual method or procedure)`
Super-classes	SeriesWithoutRepetition^c ProcessiveEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some ProblemSolvingProcedure^c
Sub-classes	DailyRoutine^c

Moghul^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moghul`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Moghul' in WordNet: 1. Mogul, Moghul - (a member of the Muslim dynasty that ruled India until 1857)`
Super-classes	HeadOfState^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShahJahan

Mogul^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mogul`
Description	A ''Mogul'' is a ''BusinessPerson'' who owns a controlling part of a very large business enterprise or group of companies, especially one with monopoly power. `NOTE: this usage was more common in the late 1800's and early 1900's before some large conglomerate enterprises were broken up by antitrust laws. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'mogul' in WordNet: 3. baron, big businessman, business leader, king, magnate, mogul, power, top executive, tycoon - (a very wealthy or powerful businessman; 'an oil baron')`
Super-classes	BusinessPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wealthy^c

Moist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moist`
Description	A quality of substances or objects that have water either interspersed within it or on the surface. This includes as subtypes 'Humid', when the air is noticeably Moist, and 'Wet' having liquid water perceptible on the surface. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'moist' in WordNet: 1. (6) damp, dampish, moist - (slightly wet; 'clothes damp with perspiration'; 'a moist breeze'; 'eyes moist with tears')`
Super-classes	WetnessAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Wet^c Juicy^c Humid^c

MoistObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoistObject`
Description	A MoistObject is a SolidObject that has a significant content of a liquid that may volatilize so as to significantly change the weight (by more than 10%) or rigidity or functionality after standing in an open space for some time. This criterion is applied in reference to the state of the object at the time it was created. A MoistObject that has dried out may still be an instance of the type MoistObject. This type represents a property that is relevant to stability, not necessarily representing the physical character throughout a lifetime. `This type is created to allow a reasoner to infer some commonsense information about the consequences of aging of an object. The disjoint alternative is 'DryObject', which includes all RigidObjects and objects such as sheets of metal or cloth, which are more stable to standing in an open space than a MoistObject would be. Examples of moist objects would be an organism, fresh bread or cake, or`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Moist^c
Sub-classes	BreadObject^c Organism^c MeatObject^c VegetableFoodObject^c FruitOrVegetableObject^c

Moisture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moisture`
Description	''Moisture'' is a subtype of ''Water'' that is contained, if in liquid form, in insterstices or one the surface of some SolidObject, or if in the form of ''WaterVapor'', in some quantity of a ''Gas''. The term 'moisture' may be sometimes used to refer to the presence of some liquid other than 'Water'', but this sense is specificaly a subtype of ''Water'''. `Includes two senses from RHW: 1. condensed or diffused liquid, esp. water: moisture in the air. 2. a small quantity of liquid, esp. water; enough liquid to moisten. NOTE: the WN 'moisture' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'moisture' in WordNet: 1. (7) moisture, wet - (wetness caused by water; 'drops of wet gleamed on the window')`
Super-classes	Water^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op some (MoistObject^c or SolidObject^c or SolidObjectType^c or GaseousObject^c)

Mol^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mol

Description

SI amount of substance unit, usually called 'mole'. symbol: mol. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the Mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 Kilograms of carbon 12. Note that, when this UnitOfMeasure is used, the elementary entities must be specified - they may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, etc. or groups of such particles.

Although a Mole relates to a measure of Mass, it is not directly a measure
of Mass, but of quantity of elementary particles (molecules, atoms, ions).
The number of such particles in a Mole is approximately 6.023 x 10^23.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mol' in Wordnet:
     1. gram molecule, mole, mol - (the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites)

Super-classes ConstantQuantity^c

Molasses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Molasses`
Description	''Molasses''is a ''Syrup'' made by boiling down the juice of sugar cane used as a sweetener, `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molasses' in WordNet: 1. molasses - (thick dark syrup produced by boiling down juice from sugar cane; especially during sugar refining)`
Super-classes	Syrup^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value BrownColor^c isDerivedFrom^op value SugarcanePlant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Viscous^c

Mold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mold`
Description	A ''Mold'' is a container in some special shape into which liquids or semiliquids are poured and allowed to harden, thus producing a product ArtifactObject in a special desired shape.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mold' in WordNet: 2. (1) mold, mould, cast - (container into which liquid is poured to create a given shape when it hardens)`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value MoldingAnArtifact^c isDesignedToContain^op value FluidObject^c

Mold-Fungus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mold-Fungus

Description

CYC: This is the collection of all instances of mold. Mold is a kind of fungus that grows from airborne spores.

        Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'mold' in WordNet:
          5. mold, mould - (a fungus that produces a superficial growth 
          on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter)

Super-classes Fungus^c

Molded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Molded

Description

''Molded'' is an Attribute of a something that was produced by a ''MoldingAnArtifact'' Action. It has a shape determined by the interior shape of the cavity in the ''Mold'' used to produce it.

     for the WN sense of adj 'molded' see ''Wrought''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet:
       1. (1) cast - ((of molten metal or glass) formed by pouring or pressing into a mold)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Molding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Molding

Description

A ''Molding'' is a ''StructuralOrnamentation'' that is a strip of some solid material - wood, plaster, plastic, that is long and narrow and is attached to the top of a wall and the underside of a ceiling where they connect.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'molding' in WordNet:
          2. molding, moulding - (a decorative strip used for ornamentation or finishing)

Super-classes StructuralOrnamentation^c

MoldingAnArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoldingAnArtifact`
Description	''MoldingAnArtifact'' is a ''FormingAnArtifact''in which some liquid or semiliquid (e.g. moistened ''PlasterOfParis'') is placed into a ''Mold'' and allowed to harden (by any of various methods). The 'molded' object is removed from the ''Mold'' and used. `CYC 'Molding': A collection of events. In each #$Molding, a mold is used to form a softened substance so that it hardens into (and retains) a specific shape. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'mold' in WordNet: 3. cast, mold, mould - (form by pouring (e.g., wax or hot metal) into a cast or mold; 'cast a bronze sculpture') WN noun 'molding': 1. (1) molding, casting - (the act of creating something by casting it in a mold)`
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Mold^c produces^op value Casting^c
Sub-classes	RecastingAnObject^c

Moldy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moldy

Description

''Moldy'' is an attribute of objects that have noticeable ''Mold-Fungus'' growing on them, pereptible visibly or by odor..

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'moldy' in Wordnet:
           1. moldy, mouldy, musty - (covered with or smelling of mold; 'moldy bread'2; 
              'a moldy (or musty) odor')

Super-classes Dirty^c

Mole^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mole

Description

Lives in burrows underground, where it fnids insects to eat.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mole' in Wordnet:
           6. mole - (small velvety-furred burrowing mammal having
           small eyes and fossorial forefeet)

Super-classes InsectEater^c
Mammal^c

Molecular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Molecular

Description

''Molecular'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Molecule''or characteristic properties of a ''Molecule'' (e.g. 'molecular weight').

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'molecular' in Wordnet:
     1. (10) molecular - (relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules; 
        'molecular structure'; 'molecular oxygen'; 'molecular weight 
        is the sum of all the atoms in a molecule')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MolecularBiology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MolecularBiology`
Description	''MolecularBiology'' differs from other branches of Biology in focusing on the structure and function of ''MacroMolecularSubstance''s, such as DNA, RNA,Proteins, and polysaccharides. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molecular biology' in WordNet: 1. (1) molecular biology - (the branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role))`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value MacroMolecularSubstance^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value MacroMolecule^c
Sub-classes	BioTechnology^c

MolecularStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MolecularStuff`
Description	CYC: A collection of tangible stuff. Every instance of #$MolecularStuff is a portion of stuff composed of covalently-bonded molecules. Thus, #$Water and #$DNAStuff are subcollections of #$MolecularStuff; each of their instances consists of covalently bonded molecules. But instances of #$Salt-NaCl are not examples of #$MolecularStuff. Also, #$Oxygen is not a subcollection of #$MolecularStuff, since #$Oxygen denotes anything composed of that element, not just O2 (molecular oxygen) and O3 (ozone).
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Sub-classes	DNA^c RNA^c Carbohydrate^c Lipid^c

Molecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Molecule`
Description	A subcollection of #$ChemicalObject and #$ComplexPhysicalObject. Each instance of #$Molecule is a microscopic-scale object whose component atoms are all chemically bonded to each other; typically, this means that the atoms are covalently bonded. Examples: some instances of #$Molecule, including molecules of oxygen (O2), ozone (O3), water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), etc., contain covalently bonded atoms belonging to the collection #$Oxygen. Some highly complex examples of #$Molecule are those belonging to the collection #$DNAMolecule. See also #$MoleculeFn. Note: #$Diamond and other macroscopic covalent solids are excluded from belonging to #$Molecule by the constraint that instances of #$Molecule are microscopic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molecule' in Wordnet: 1. (114) molecule - ((physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound)`
Super-classes	AtomGroup^c
Sub-classes	NucleicAcidMolecule^c DNAMolecule^c EnzymeMolecule^c MacroMolecule^c PeptideChain^c ChemicalSequence^c HydrogenFluorideMolecule^c FullereneMolecule^c
In domain of	isaMoleculeOfSubstance^op

MoleculeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoleculeType`
Description	MoleculeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for classes of individual physical molecules and an argument restriction for the isaMoleculeOfSubstance relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	RNAMolecule

Mollusk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mollusk`
Description	Also spelled 'mollusc'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mollusk' in WordNet: 1. mollusk, mollusc, shellfish - (invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell)`
Super-classes	Invertebrate^c Coelomate^c Animal^c Shellfish^c
Sub-classes	Cephalopod^c Bivalve^c Gastropod^c Oyster^c Mussel^c Scallop^c

Molybdenite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Molybdenite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molybdenite' in WordNet: 1. molybdenite - (a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c

Molybdenum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Molybdenum

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molybdenum' in WordNet:
         1. molybdenum, Mo, atomic number 42 -
            (a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium 
            and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Mom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mom`
Description	This type includes several informal terms for ''Mother''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mom' in WordNet: 1. ma, mama, mamma, mom, momma, mommy, mammy, mum, mummy - (informal terms for a mother)`
Super-classes	Mother^c
Restrictions	wasTheMotherIn^op some BirthEvent^c

Moment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moment`
Description	A very short but unspecified interval of time. For the sense meaning 'at that time point', use 'TheMoment'; for 'the present time' use 'Now'. 'I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick'. 'I'd go there in a heartbeat'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'moment' and sense 1 of'instant' in WordNet: 2. (73) moment, minute, second, bit - (an indefinitely short time; 'wait just a moment'; 'it only takes a minute'; 'in just a bit') 1. (22) blink of an eye, flash, heartbeat, instant, jiffy, split second, trice, twinkling, wink, New York minute - (a very short time (as the time it takes the eye blink or the heart to beat); 'if I had the chance I'd do it in a flash')`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	TheLastMinute^c TheMoment^c

MomentOfaDistribution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MomentOfaDistribution`
Description	A ''MomentOfaDistribution'' is a technical concept from statistics. The most commonly used are the subtypes ''Variance'' and the ''StandardDeviation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'moment' in WordNet: 6. moment - (the n-th moment of a distribution is the expected value of the n-th power of the deviations from a fixed value)`
Super-classes	ConfidenceInterval^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Statistics^c
Sub-classes	StandardDeviation^c Variance^c

Momentarily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Momentarily

Description

''Momentarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the state or process modified lasts for a very short interval of time - usual less than one minute, but in some contexts perhaps longer but still very ''brief' relative to the usual or expected times for such events.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'momentarily' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) momentarily, momently - (for an instant or moment; 
                 "we paused momentarily before proceeding";
                 "a cardinal perched momently on the dogwood branch")

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Momentary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Momentary

Description

''Momentary'' specifies a shorter interval than just ''brief''. The interval should be less than one minute.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'momentary' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) fleeting, fugitive, momentaneous, momentary -
           (lasting for a markedly brief time; 'a fleeting glance'; 'fugitive hours';
             'rapid momentaneous association of things that meet and pass'; 
             'a momentary glimpse')

Super-classes Brief^c

Momentous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Momentous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'momentous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) momentous - (of very great significance; 'deciding to drop the atom bomb was a very big decision'; 'a momentous event')`
Super-classes	Consequential^c

Momentum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Momentum

Description

''Momentum'' is a property of all PhysicalObjects, defined as the product of mass times velocity. Since velocity is relative to other objects. this value will depend on the inertial frame of reference used.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'momentum' in WordNet:
       2. (2) momentum - (the product of a body's mass and its velocity; 
       'the momentum of the particles was deduced from meteoritic velocities')

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

Monarch-HeadOfState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monarch-HeadOfState`
Description	WordNet sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (2) sovereign, crowned head, monarch - (a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right)
Super-classes	FinalAuthority^c HeadOfState^c MemberOfTheNobility^c
Sub-classes	King-HeadOfState^c Emperor-HeadOfState^c Prince-HeadOfState^c Queen-HeadOfState^c Czar^c

MonarchButterfly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonarchButterfly`
Description	The dominant color attributes apply to the wings; the body is a small and undistinguished short worm-like object. The color pattern on the wings includes an ''OrangeBackground'' with black intersecting lines and a border of white dots on a black background. It will take a bit of work to compose such a description in OWL. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monarch butterfly' in WordNet: 1. monarch, monarch butterfly, milkweed butterfly, Danaus plexippus - (large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed)`
Super-classes	Butterfly^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value OrangeBackground^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Migratory^c feedsOn^op value Milkweed^c hasProperPart^op value NetworkOfLines^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Monarchy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monarchy

Description

A 'Monarchy'' is a ''FormOfGovernment'' in which one Person (the 'monarch') exercises total or almost total control over the laws of some GeopoliticalEntut (usually a ''Country'')

       CYC: An instance of
        #$GeopoliticalEntityBySystemOfGovernment.  Each instance of
        #$Monarchy is a country with a system of government in which
        an hereditary ruler figures prominently. Subsumes both
        absolute monarchy, where executive, legislative, and
        judicial functions of government are vested in the monarch,
        and constitutional  monarchies, in which at least some
        aspects of the government derive from  a written
        constitution and not from the monarch's whim.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monarchy' in WordNet:
         1. monarchy - (an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority)

Super-classes Autocracy^c

Monastery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monastery`
Description	A ''Monastery'' is a ''Cloister'' provided by some ''MonasticOrder'' for members who have officially dedicated their lives to religious work. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monastery' in WordNet: 1. (1) monastery - (the residence of a religious community)`
Super-classes	Cloister^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op some HumanRoleType^c isOwnedBy^op some MonasticOrder^c

MonasticOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonasticOrder`
Description	A ''ReligiousOrganization'' most of whose members are ''Monk''s living in some form of communal arrangement, such as a monastery. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monastic order' in Wordnet: 1. order, monastic order - (a group of person living under a religious rule; 'the order of Saint Benedict')`
Super-classes	ReligiousOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value ReligiousOrderMember^c
Sub-classes	DominicanOrder^c

Monday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monday

Description

The Class of all calendar Mondays.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Monday' in Wordnet:
         1. (28) Monday, Mon - (the second day of the week; the first working day)

Super-classes Weekday^c

MoneraOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneraOrganism`
Description	A single-cell organism. It may grow in clusters, but each cell is an individual of its species. Includes bacteria and archaea. This does not include viruses or eukaryotic organisms such as amoebae.. RHW: 'monera': a taxonomic kingdom of prokaryotic organisms that typically reproduce by asexual budding or fission and have a nutritional mode of absorption, photosynthesis, or chemosynthesis, comprising the bacteria, blue-green algae, and various primitive pathogens. in CYC called 'MoneraKingdom': An instance of #$BiologicalKingdom, and a specialization of #$ProkaryoticCell. Each instance of #$MoneraKingdom is a one-celled prokaryotic organism (so each instance lacks a nuclear membrane, as well as other internal organelles). Specializations of #$MoneraKingdom include #$Bacterium, #$PseudomonasMallei, and #$EscherichiaColi.
Super-classes	ProkaryoticCell^c
Sub-classes	Bacterium^c

Monetary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monetary

Description

''Monetary'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Money'' and transfers of money and things that require or are measured in ''Money'', or are enabled by Money..

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'monetary' in Wordnet:
        1. monetary, pecuniary - (relating to or involving money; 'monetary rewards';
           'he received thanks but no pecuniary compensation for his services')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MonetaryCost^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonetaryCost

Description

Cost is an Attribute that specifies what quantity of money actually given (in contrast to asked) in exchange for something that one wants. This type should be used for objects; for services or Privileges, use 'Fee'. This contrasts with 'Price' which may be merely what a vendor asks, rather than what is actually paid.

   Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'cost' and sense 2 of 'charge' in WordNet;
     in linguistic usage, the distinction between amount asked ('Price')
     and amount paid ('Cost') is often unclear, in which case the 
     parent 'MonetaryValue' can be used:   in WordNet:
     2. (53) monetary value, price, cost - (the property of having
        material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something
        would bring if sold); 'the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver';
        'he puts a high price on his services'; 'he couldn't calculate the cost 
        of the collection')
   WN 'charge':
     2. (246) charge - (the price charged for some article or service;
        'the admission charge')

Super-classes MonetaryValue^c
Cost^c

MonetaryDebt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonetaryDebt`
Description	A MonetaryDebt is an Obligation to pay someone money. Not all monetary debts arise from an Agreement (e..g liability for damages due to negligence), so this is not a subtype of 'ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'debt' in WordNet, but this is not a 'state' in COSMO. Linguistically 'being in debt' would be a state: the Debt itself is an Obligation. For reference part of the WordNet path is reproduced: 1. debt - (the state of owing something (especially money); 'he is badly in debt') => indebtedness, liability, financial obligation - (an obligation to pay money to another party) => obligation - (the state of being obligated to do or pay something; 'he is under an obligation to finish the job') => state - (the way something is with respect to its main attributes; 'the current state of knowledge'; 'his state of health'; 'in a weak financial state') in WordNet: WN 'indebtedness; 1. indebtedness, liability, financial obligation - (an obligation to pay money to another party)
Super-classes	Debt^c Obligation^c
Restrictions	obligesActionType^op value RepaymentEvent^c
Sub-classes	ObligationToPayaFee^c PayableFine^c

Percentage Monetary Amount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonetaryMeasure`
Description	A specifically FIBO concept, being a quantity of money that may be expressed as a certain amount of currency or as a percentage of an amount of currency. Those two included concepts are also FIBO subtypes. It is unclear how this is to be used in FIBO, so it is a skeleton here. `COSMO note: the COSMO subtypes are 'MoneyMeasure' and 'PercentageMonetaryAmount' . FIBO:subClassOf fibo-fnd-acc-cur;MonetaryMeasure`
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Percentage Monetary Amount^c

MonetaryValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonetaryValue`
Description	A 'MonetaryValue' is a Value that is expressed in monetary units, such as 30 dollars or 50 yen. This is not necessarily a price, as some objects with MonetaryValue may not be for sale. NOTE that there may be specific types of ''MonetaryValue'' that are represented as subtypes of ''MoneyMeasure'', such as ''AccountBalance''. Using that tactic eliminates the need for two links from the ''MonetaryValue' to the actual number of dollars, yen, euros, etc. That can be used where such specific types of ''MonetaryValue'' can be directly related to specific types of entities that are ''ValuableThing''s. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'value' in WordNet: 3. (14) value, economic value - (the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else; 'he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices')
Super-classes	Value^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op some MoneyMeasure^c
Sub-classes	Price^c MoneyCharges^c MonetaryCost^c PriceMarkup^c AssetValue^c

Money^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Money`
Description	'Money' in COSMO is treated as a GenericSubstance, and specific quantitities of Money are treated as Objects composed of Money. Money can take many forms, but it is considered an Asset because if owned, it can always be given away, so someone who keeps money must consider it of positive value. It may be represented by a physical token such as a coin or bill of currency, or merely be an electronic record in a financial institution. Whatever form it takes, if you have it, it allows you to do things you might not be able to do without it. It is a ValuableThing. 'Money' is distinct from 'MoneyObject'; the latter is some specific quantity of Money, whereas Money is somewhat more abstract, like the substance.of which a MoneyObject is made. In COSMO, 'Money' is generic and can be used in the collective sense; but its subtype 'CurrencyObject' is a type whose instances are individual PhysicalObjects. NOTE that we assert that it money is 'Pleasant'. This is not a necessary characteristic for all Assets, but for fungible ones like money, it is more fun to have it than not have it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'money' in WordNet: 1. (364) money - (the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender; 'we tried to collect the money he owed us')
Super-classes	GenericSubstance^c PleasantThing^c
Sub-classes	Cash^c

MoneyBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyBag`
Description	CYC: The collection of money bags. These are largish bags generally made of canvas. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moneybag' in WordNet: 1. moneybag - (a drawstring bag for holding money)`
Super-classes	TextileArtifact^c Bag^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Cash^c isDesignedToContain^op value CurrencyObject^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Canvas^c

MoneyCharges^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyCharges`
Description	Each MoneyCharges is a measure of a quantity of money in some currency, requested as payment for some good or services. This will be part of a PaymentRequestContent (and represented in a Bill-PaymentRequest) `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'charge' in WordNet: 2. (246) charge - (the price charged for some article or service; "the admission charge")`
Super-classes	MonetaryValue^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op value Bill-PaymentRequest^c
Sub-classes	PeriodicCharge^c Fee^c Surcharge^c

MoneyDeposit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyDeposit`
Description	A ''Deposit'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid to some Institution (usually a bank of some kind) to be held in an Account for future use of the depositor. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'deposit' in WordNet, including money deposited into any kind of account (e.g.Paypal): in WordNet: 4. deposit, bank deposit - (money deposited in a bank)`
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some DepositingMoney^c

MoneyGrubber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyGrubber`
Description	`RHW 'money grubber': a person who is aggressively engaged in or preoccupied with making or saving money.`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MoneyGrubbing^c

MoneyGrubbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyGrubbing`
Description	''MoneyGrubbing'' is the AttributeValue of a Person who so strongly wants acquisition of money to the point where other pleasant actions are foregone in order to get more money.
Super-classes	Acquisitive^c

MoneyHandler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyHandler`
Description	A ''MoneyHandler'' is a ''Person'' who has the responsibility to manage the receipt and disbursement of Money for some ''Organization''. The more formal position for Oranization is usually titled the ''Treasurer'' andrepresented by that subtype.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'money handler' in WordNet: 1. money handler, money dealer - (a person who receives or invests or pays out money)`
Super-classes	Fiduciary^c
Restrictions	hasResponsibility^op value PayingWithMoney^c hasResponsibility^op value ReceivingMoney^c isaMemberOf^op value Organization^c
Sub-classes	Treasurer^c

MoneyLoss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyLoss`
Description
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c Loss^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op value FinancialLoss^c
Sub-classes	MedicalExpenses^c

MoneyMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyMeasure`
Description	Each MoneyMeasure is a measure of a quantity of money in some currency; it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and a CurrencyUnit, related by 'hasQuantifier' and 'hasUnit' respectively. `This seems to be similar to FIBO 'monetary amount', but that class has a parent 'monetary measure' that includes percentages of money. That parent is not yet (20140724) represented. fibo-fnd-acc-cur;MonetaryAmount skos-definition: 'the measure which is an amount of money specified in monetary units' skos-editorialNote: 'This is an abstract concept, not to be confused with a sum of money (Money Amount).' COSMO note: a FIBO 'money amount' is a COSMO 'QuantityOfMoney'.`
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Commission-Fee^c PricePerUnit^c AccountBalance^c
In range of	hasMonetaryValue^op hasPrice^op hasPriceValue^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FivePerCent http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenCentsUS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyFiveCentsUS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoreThanaMillionDollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveDollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyOneBritishShillings http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoMillionDollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OveraBillionDollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneThousandDollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneDollar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHundredDollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCanadianDollar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveCentsUS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneMillionDollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCentUS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveThousandDollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CostFree

MoneyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyObject`
Description	Each 'MoneyObject' is an Object that represents some quantity of money. It may be physical, such as a coin or paper currency, or a check, or abstract, such as a bank account or a share of stock; or a quantity of currency transferred electronically; in general, if it is not actually physical currency it should be easily convertible to currency. It may be a single object such as a coin, or a collection of objects such as the bills in a wallet. A MoneyObject is something that can be spent in a 'Spending' event. Each instance of this type can be considered as a 'quantity of money' in the same way that a HomogeneousObject is some quantity of a PhysicalSubstance. However, this is a mixture of physical and abstract types, useful because of the many ways that money can be represented. The actual quantity of money that any given MoneyObject represents is related to the object by the relation 'hasMonetaryValue' . NOTE that the monetary value can vary with time,as with a share of stock; even a piece of currency, that may have a fixed value in that currency for some time, may change its value relative to other currencies when the currency changes. Old rubles and new rubles are both called 'ruble' but are actually different currencies. NOTE also that some things that are TenderObjects, such as 'CreditCard', are not MoneyObjects because their value is not in the object itself, but in the account on which it draws; the account is the MoneyObject.
Super-classes	PleasantThing^c ValuableThing^c LiquidAsset^c Object^c
Restrictions	containsAbstractSubstance^op value Money^c enablesOrAssists^op value Buying^c hasMonetaryValue^op some MoneyMeasure^c
Sub-classes	FinancialPortfolio^c Stocks^c Check-TenderObject^c FinancialSecurity^c Capital^c Account^c MoneyLoss^c DonationOffering^c EconomicAssistance^c PerformanceBonus^c PaymentAmount^c Loan^c RansomMoney^c QuantityOfMoney^c
In range of	hasNetWorth^op

MoneyTenderType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyTenderType`
Description	Each instance of MoneyTenderType denotes a form in which some quantity of Money may be represented. `A collection of collections. Each instance of #$MoneyTenderType is a collection of objects of a type commonly offered in payment for goods, services, fees, wage-work, and so on. Notable instances of #$MoneyTenderType include #$Currency, #$CreditCard, and #$Check-TenderObject.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Cent-US PersonalCheck FederalReserveNote Guinea-Coin Loonie Penny Dime OneDollarBill PostageStamp Coin RelativityTheory FiveDollarBill CurrencyBill Postage Quarter SpanishReal NickelCoin

MoneyTransaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyTransaction`
Description	A specialization of both #$CommercialActivity and #$MoneyTransfer. Each instance of #$MoneyTransaction is an event in which a transfer of money occurs, and the transfer is done in exchange for something else, according to some (implicit or explicit) agreement. Thus, buying something, investing, making a donation, executing a bequest, and exchanging currency are all examples of money transactions. NOTE: this sense of 'money' includes any instrument that is equivalent to money such as a credit card payment, a formal exchange of money-valued assets or signing a debt in exchange for something. In SUMO called 'FinancialTransaction': SUMO: A Transaction where an instance of Currency is exchanged for something else. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'payment' in WordNet: 2. (23) payment, defrayal, defrayment - (the act of paying money) WN verb 'pay': 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please')
Super-classes	MoneyTransfer^c CommercialActivity^c Transaction^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some PaymentAmount^c
Sub-classes	Investing^c BuyingRealEstate^c Financing^c CashBuying^c SpendingMoney^c InsuringSomething^c PayingWithMoney^c ReceivingMoney^c DepositingMoney^c TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities^c Renting^c RepayingWithMoney^c

MoneyTransfer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyTransfer`
Description	COSMO note: What is transferred can be a MoneyObject, such as a piece of Currency, or its liquid equivalent - an Asset that is a Right. NOTE that a transfer of Money need not be a change of ownership; one can move funds from one account to another account, both owned by the same person. For change of possession of ''PhysicalObject''s, use the parent type ''ChangeOfPossession'' Cyc: A specialization of both #$ChangeInUserRights and #$PurposefulAction. In each instance of #$MoneyTransfer, possession of some quantity of money is transferred from one agent to another. The transfer in question may be done in exchange for some good(s) or service(s), according to some (implicit or explicit) agreement (in which case the transfer is an instance of #$MoneyTransaction, an important specialization of #$MoneyTransfer), but it need not be. Notable specializations of #$MoneyTransfer include #$Buying, #$Renting, and #$Paying. Includes parts of verb sense 2 of 'move' (the metaphorical sense) and verb senses 1 and 5 of 'transfer' and to verb sense 3 of 'shift'. For movement of PhysicalObjects from one location to another use ''CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion''. in WordNet: 2. (60) move, displace - (cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; 'Move those boxes into the corner, please'; 'I'm moving my money to another bank'; 'The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant') WN verb 'transfer': 3. (5) transfer, shift - (move around; 'transfer the packet from his trouser pockets to a pocket in his jacket') 5. (1) transfer - (cause to change ownership; 'I transferred my stock holdings to my children')
Super-classes	ChangeOfPossession^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some (MoneyType^c or AssetType^c or MoneyObject^c or Asset^c)
Sub-classes	DepositingMoney^c MoneyTransaction^c RepayingWithMoney^c SpendingMoney^c PayingWithMoney^c

MoneyType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoneyType`
Description	'Money' is treated in COSMO as a GenericSubstance, and specific quantities of money are the objects that consist of Money. MoneyType is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Money as one of their arguments. Instances of MoneyType can be abstract or physical.
Super-classes	ValuableThingType^c InheritableType^c GenericSubstanceType^c
Members	TenderObject FundingMoney Capital Money CurrencyObject Appropriation Check-TenderObject Endowment Paycheck Coupon Cash

Mongoose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mongoose`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mongoose' in Wordnet: 1. mongoose - (agile grizzled Old World viverrine; preys on snakes and rodents)`
Super-classes	Mustelidae^c

Monitoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monitoring`
Description	''Monitoring'' is an Action performed by one more ''Person''s with or without the assistance of devices that can detect Events that could be relevant to the purpose of the ''Monitoring''. In order to do a proper job, this includes some form of ''PayingAttention'' (to sights and/or sounds and/or flashing lights) plus an ''Analyzing'' of the observations to determine if a trigger criterion for Response has been met. This involves frequently or constantly Observing (by any natural or artifactual sensing mechanism) some Object or properties of objects, over more than a brief period of time, to determine if some situation has changed or needs attention of some kind. Very broad. Some overlap with ''GuardingSomething''. Needs more analysis to differentiate. CYC: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Monitoring is an event in which one or more agents keep track of some ongoing situation, such as the movement of a storm, a military operation, or a series of related crimes. Each instance of #$Monitoring has sub-events of two different types (see the predicate #$subEventTypes): the first type of sub-event is the establishment of communication links with relevant information sources, while the second type of sub-event is the gathering of information (see the collection #$InformationGathering) from these sources. Instances of these two types of event can occur any number of times in a given instance of #$Monitoring, although the first instance of the latter type must always be preceded by an instance of the former type. For example, in monitoring the movement of a storm, some agent may establish some communication link with a weather station acquiring information about the storm, and then gather information about the storm from the station. This could be repeated with different weather stations in the same instance of #$Monitoring, as long as the information gathered concerns the same storm. Corresponds approximately (is broader in one sense than the WN gloss suggests, using potentially multiple sensors; but narrower in not requiring supervising subordinates - 'supervise' and 'ride herd on' can be interpreted here as meaning that children or others who may behave badly are being watched) to noun sense 1 of 'monitor' in WordNet: 1. (9) monitor, supervise, ride herd on - (keep tabs on; keep an eye on; keep under surveillance) WN verb 'watch': 2. (64) watch, observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on - (follow with the eyes or the mind; 'Keep an eye on the baby, please!'; 'The world is watching Sarajevo'; 'She followed the men with the binoculars') WN noun 'monitoring': 1. (4) monitoring - (the act of observing something (and sometimes keeping a record of it); 'the monitoring of enemy communications plays an important role in war times') WN noun 'watch': 3. (3) watch, vigil - (a purposeful surveillance to guard or observe)
Super-classes	Watching^c CheckingSomething^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hasSubEvent^op value AnalyzingSomething^c hasSubEvent^op value PayingAttention^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Responding^c hasSubEvent^op value InformationGathering^c
Sub-classes	Snooping^c Spying^c Surveillance^c

Monk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monk`
Description	Essentially the set of scholarly thoughtful, introspective clerics, who dedicate their lives to consideration of God/gods and scholarly devotion. Any member of a 'monastic order' is included in this type. `RHW: (in Christianity) a man who has withdrawn from the world for religious reasons, esp. as a member of an order of cenobites living according to a particular rule and under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. (in any religion) a man who is a member of a monastic order: a Buddhist monk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monk' in Wordnet: 1. (5) monk, monastic - (a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work)`
Super-classes	MalePerson^c PersonWithOccupation^c ReligiousOrderMember^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value MonasticOrder^c
Sub-classes	BuddhistMonk^c

Monkey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monkey`
Description	A specialization of #$Primate and #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of adult #$Monkey is an arboreal (i.e., tree-dwelling) primate with a relatively long tail.. Contrast this collection with #$Person and #$Ape. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monkey' in WordNet: 1. (8) monkey - (any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians))`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c Primate^c
Sub-classes	CapuchinMonkey^c Baboon^c

MonkeyWrench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonkeyWrench`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monkey wrench' in WordNet: 1. monkey-wrench, monkey wrench - (adjustable wrench that has one fixed and one adjustable jaw)`
Super-classes	AdjustableWrench^c

Monochromatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monochromatic

Description

''Monochromatic'' is an AttributeValue of an Object or light wave that exhibits only one surface color.

      RHW 'monotone' adj. 7: consisting of or characterized by a uniform tone of one color:
           a monotone drape. Cf. monochromatic (defs. 1, 2).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'monochromatic' in Wordnet:
           3. monochromatic, monochrome, monochromic, monochromous - (having or appearing
              to have only one color)

Super-classes Colored^c

Monocle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monocle

Description

Lenses may be made of glass or plastic, but must be

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monocle' in WordNet:
          1. (5) monocle, eyeglass - (lens for correcting defective vision 
             in one eye; held in place by facial muscles)

Super-classes Lens-Artificial^c

MonocotSubclass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonocotSubclass`
Description	$MonocotSubclass is a specialization of `#$FloweringPlant and instance of #$BiologicalSubclass. It is an angiosperm subclass containing taxa whose members have only one cotyledon in the embryo phase and lack normal secondary growth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monocot' in WordNet: 1. monocot, monocotyledon, liliopsid, endogen - (a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside)`
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c
Sub-classes	IrisOrder^c LilyOrder^c GingerOrder^c PineappleOrder^c OrchidOrder^c

Monocular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monocular`
Description	Like #$Binoculars except with a single lens system and for use with a single eye. `NO WN sense. See RHW noun sense. RHW: adj. 2. of, pertaining to, or for the use of only one eye: a monocular microscope. n. 3. a monocular instrument or device.`
Super-classes	SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual^c Device-SingleUser^c CylindricalObject^c OpticalInstrument^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 1 hasDesignFunction^op value Magnifying^c

Monograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monograph`
Description	A ''Monograph'' is a ''Treatise'' that covers one specialized Topic in depth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monograph' in WordNet: 1. (1) monograph - (a detailed and documented treatise on a particular subject)`
Super-classes	Treatise^c
Restrictions	describes^op value Research^c describes^op value Findings^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Detailed^c

Monolith^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monolith`
Description	A ''Monolith'' is a 'Massive and ''Tall'' ''StoneObject''. It may be natural or artifactual. 'the massive monoliths of Zion National Park' 'many Egyptian obelisks were monoliths, carved directly from layers of stone.' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monolith' in WordNet: 1. monolith - (a single great stone (often in the form of a column or obelisk))`
Super-classes	StoneObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tall^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Massive^c

Monolithic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monolithic

Description

''Monolithic'' can apply to PhysicalObjects that arevery large, and also to Organizations (including Governments) that control a large part of their area of activity.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'monolithic' in Wordnet:
           2. monolithic - (characterized by massiveness and rigidity and total uniformity;
            'a monolithic society'; 'a monolithic worldwide movement')

Super-classes Massive^c

Monologue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monologue`
Description	Each ''Monologue'' is some instance of ''SpokenCommunicating'' performed by one Person that is longer than a typical part of a ''Conversation'' performed before or after another party speaks. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'monologue' in WordNet: 2. monologue - (a long utterance by one person (especially one that prevents others from participating in the conversation))`
Super-classes	SpokenCommunicating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Soliloquy^c

MonomerUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonomerUnit`
Description	A ''MonomerUnit'' is an ''AtomGroup'' that is part of a polymer, chemically bonded to one or more other ''MonomerUnits''s. The parent molecule that is bonded is represented as a ''FreeMonomerUnit'' `CYC 'Monomer': The collection of all molecular structures that serve or can serve as 'building blocks' of #$PolymerMolecules, which are long-chain molecular structures.`
Super-classes	AtomGroup^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Polymer^c
Sub-classes	NucleotideUnit^c

Mononucleosis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mononucleosis

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mononucleosis' in WordNet:
         1. infectious mononucleosis, mononucleosis, mono, glandular fever,
              kissing disease - (an acute disease characterized by
              fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of
              mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream;
              not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing)

Super-classes ViralInfection^c
ContagiousDisease^c

Monoplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monoplane`
Description	CYC: The collection of all airplanes which have one primary set of wings. Most modern airplanes are monoplanes, although some airplanes used for crop-dusting and aerobatics are biplanes. `NOTE that the WN gloss 'single wing' is not quite correct: it should be 'single pair of wings'. There are planes with one wing not supported by a central fuselage, called 'flying wings'. Those truly have one wing. Add the detail at another time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monoplane' in WordNet: 1. monoplane - (an airplane with a single wing)`
Super-classes	Airplane^c
Sub-classes	JetAirplane^c

MonopolizingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonopolizingSomething`
Description	''MonopolizingSomething'' is a ''BeingInControl'' (a state) in which the agent has primary 'control' of something - it could be a location ('monoplizng the bathroom'), a resource (subtype ''Monopoly'' - having a monopoly (being sole or dominant supplier) on a commodity, e.g. silver, corn, a technology), or any abstract or concrete object or situation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'monopoly' in WordNet: 2. (2) monopoly - (exclusive control or possession of something; 'They have no monopoly on intelligence')`
Super-classes	BeingInControl^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value ControllingAuthority^c
Sub-classes	MarketMonopoly^c

MonorailOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonorailOrganization`
Description	This type is for the monorail line (an Organization that owns and operates a 'MonorailRailway'), not the train that runs on it. That needs a different type.
Super-classes	Railroad^c
Restrictions	owns^op value MonorailRailway^c owns^op value MonorailTrain^c

MonorailRail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonorailRail`
Description	A ''MonorailRail'' is the single steel ''Bar'' of a ''Monorail' that supports a ''MonorailTrain'' and forms the path along which the .''MonorailTrain'' is constrained to move. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'railway' in WordNet: 2. (1) railroad track, railroad, railway - (a line of track providing a runway for wheels; 'he walked along the railroad track') WN Includes part of noun sense 3 of 'rail' in WordNet: 3. track, rail, rails - (a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll)`
Super-classes	Bar^c Part^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	supports^op value MonorailTrain^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value MonorailRailway^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Steel^c

MonorailRailway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonorailRailway`
Description	This is the physical structure with supports and rails that provides a path for a ''MonrailTrain''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monorail' in WordNet: 1. monorail - (a railway having a single track) WN 'railway line': 2. line, railway line, rail line - (the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed)`
Super-classes	Railway^c PathForWheeledVehicles^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value MonorailRail^c isOwnedBy^op value MonorailOrganization^c servesAsaPathFor^op value MonorailTrain^c

MonorailTrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonorailTrain`
Description	A ''MonorailTrain'' is a ''Train-TransportationDevice'' designed to run on a single ''MonorailRail'' of a ''MonorailRailway''.
Super-classes	PublicTransportationDevice^c Train-TransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Passenger^c isSupportedBy^op value MonorailRail^c hasPhysicalPart^op value PassengerCar^c isOwnedBy^op value MonorailOrganization^c

Monosaccharide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monosaccharide`
Description	A carbohydrate with one ring, such as glucose or fructose. The six-carbon D- series monosaccharides are: allose, altose, glucoes, mannose, gulose, idose, and galactose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monosaccharide' in WordNet (but note the error - sucrose is a disaccharide): 1. monosaccharide, monosaccharose, simple sugar - (a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates)`
Super-classes	Carbohydrate^c
Sub-classes	Fructose^c Pentose^c Glucose^c

Monotheism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monotheism

Description

''Monotheism''

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monotheism' in WordNet:
       1. monotheism - (belief in a single God)

Super-classes Religion^c

Monotone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monotone

Description

''Monotone'' is an AttributeValue of some ''Vocalizing'' (including ''Speaking'' or chanting) Action in which the tone (pitch) and rhythm of the Vocalizing varies little from beginning to end, unlike normal speech or singing.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'monotone' in Wordnet:
      2. flat, monotone, monotonic, monotonous -
        (sounded or spoken in a tone unvarying in pitch; 'the owl's faint monotonous hooting')

Super-classes Constant^c

Monotonous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monotonous

Description

''Monotonous'' is an AttributeValue of some ''Speaking'' Action that is repetitive and boring in lacking variety of topic to the extent that it does not hold the interest of listeners.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'monotonous' in Wordnet:
      1. (2) humdrum, monotonous - (tediously repetitious or lacking in variety;
        'a humdrum existence; all work and no play'; 'nothing is so monotonous as the sea')

Super-classes Boring^c
Repetitive^c

Monotreme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monotreme`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monotreme' in WordNet: 1. monotreme, egg-laying mammal - (the most primitive mammals comprising the only extant members of the subclass Prototheria)`
Super-classes	Prototherian^c
Sub-classes	Platypus^c

Monoxide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monoxide

Description

A ''Monoxide'' is any ChemicalCompound that has one ''Oxygen''' atom bound to some other atom.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monoxide' in WordNet:
          1. monoxide - (an oxide containing just one atom of oxygen in the molecule)

Super-classes Oxide^c
ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c

Monster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monster`
Description	CYC: The collection of all fictional/mythical animals of strange or terrifying shape, typically but not always imagined also to be very large in comparison with human beings. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monster' in Wordnet: 1. (5) monster - (an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts)`
Super-classes	FictionalThing^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	MythologicalMonster^c

Month^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Month`
Description	The Class of all calendar Months. `This type includes any ''Month'' on any calendar, including religious and earlier months from antiquity. There are 12 on the western calendar, but other calendars may have differing numbers of months. Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 1 of 'month' in WordNet: 1. (70) calendar month, month - (one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year; 'he paid the bill last month')`
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	February^c October^c November^c January^c December^c August^c May^c April^c June^c September^c March^c July^c

MonthAndYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonthAndYear`
Description	MonthAndYear is a specific time interval of one month located in the specified month and year.
Super-classes	DateOrTime^c

Monument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Monument`
Description	COSMO: A free-standing Memorialmarker, which can be as small as a small grave marker, but should be fixed in the ground. Cyc requires it to be large, but COSMO and SUMO do not. Therefore it is not necessarily a Landmark, as in Cyc, but could be one of many gravestones in a cemetary.. `Cyc: A specialization of #$MemorialMarker. Each instance of this collection is a #$MemorialMarker which is truly monumental - large, imposing, and awe-inspiring. See also the predicates #$artifactHonors and #$monumentHonors. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact whose purpose is to commemorate a person, animal or event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monument' in Wordnet: 1. (7) memorial, monument - (a structure erected to commemorate persons or events)`
Super-classes	Custom-MadeObject^c MemorialMarker^c
Sub-classes	Tombstone^c Obelisk^c

Moo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moo

Description

The 'mooing' ('lowing') sound made by a bovine animal. Includes n and v senses of 'Moo' in Wordnet:

        Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'moo' in Wordnet:
           1. moo - (the sound made by a cow or bull)
        WN verb 'moo':
          1. (1) moo, low - (make a low noise, characteristic of bovines)

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Mooch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mooch

Description

A ''Mooch'' is a ''Beggar'' who habitually obtains valuable things by ''Mooching''.

       Difference between a mooch and a beggar?  A ''Mooch'' does not beg on the streets,
       but typically from friends or acquantances.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mooch' in WordNet:
          1. moocher, mooch, cadger, scrounger - (someone who mooches or cadges 
              (tries to get something free))

Super-classes Beggar^c

Mooching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mooching`
Description	''Mooching'' is an Obtaining of something of value without paying for it, usually after some request or begging. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mooch' in WordNet: 1. mooch, bum, cadge, grub, sponge - (ask for and get free; be a parasite)`
Super-classes	Obtaining^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some ValuableThing^c

Mood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mood`
Description	Mood is a general Feeling that affects how a Person will react to situations, and usually lasts more than just a few minutes. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'temper' and sense 3 of 'humor' and sense 1 of 'mood' in WordNet: 2. (14) temper, mood, humor, humour - (a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling; 'whether he praised or cursed me depended on his temper at the time'; 'he was in a bad humor')`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Sub-classes	GoodMood^c BadMood^c

Moody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moody`
Description	A ''Moody'' Person is one who has ''FrequentMoodSwings'', i.e. performs ''ChangingMoods'' more frequently than nost people. `Similar to RHW 'moody' sense 3: 3. expressing or exhibiting sharply varying moods; temperamental. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'moody' in Wordnet: 2. moody, temperamental - (subject to sharply varying moods; 'a temperamental opera singer')`
Super-classes	Temperamental^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Frequently^c

Moon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moon`
Description	Any satellite orbiting any planet. `In Cyc called 'MoonOfAPlanet' Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'moon' in WordNet: 6. moon - (any natural satellite of a planet; 'Jupiter has sixteen moons')`
Super-classes	PlanetarySatellite^c
Restrictions	orbits^op some Planet-Generic^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon

MoonBeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoonBeam`
Description	A 'MoonBeam'' is a ''LightBeam'' coming from and produced by Earth's moon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moonbeam' in WordNet: 1. moonbeam, moon ray, moon-ray - (a ray of moonlight)`
Super-classes	LightBeam^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon^c

MoonFigure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoonFigure`
Description	A 'MoonFigure' is a PhysicalObject that is intended to represents the Earth's moon. This can be two or three-dimensional. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'moon' in WordNet: 2. (1) moon - (any object resembling a moon; 'he made a moon lamp that he used as a night light'; 'the clock had a moon that showed various phases')`
Super-classes	SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon^c

MoonLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoonLight`
Description	The light that comes from the moon by reflection (or from any other moon). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moonlight' in Wordnet: 1. (5) moonlight, moonshine, moon - (the light of the moon; 'moonlight is the smuggler's enemy'; 'the moon was bright enough to read by')`
Super-classes	VisibleLight^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value Moon^c

Mooning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mooning`
Description	An action of exposing the buttocks to other people, taken to express contempt, or for amusement, or other not serious purposes. `Included as a word that children may understand and use. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'moon' in WordNet: 3. moon - (expose one's buttocks to; 'moon the audience')`
Super-classes	ExposingToView^c
Restrictions	hadObjectExposed^op value Buttocks^c

Moonwalk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moonwalk`
Description	A ''Moonwalk'' is a ''Walking'' on the surface of the ''EarthsMoon'' that is a ''RoundTrip'' from the landing module to explore some area on the moon near the module, then returning to the landing module. This includes the Action of an Astronaut riding in a moon exploration vehicle. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'moonwalk' in WordNet: 2. moonwalk - (an exploratory walk by an astronaut on the surface of the moon)`
Super-classes	RoundTrip^c Exploring^c Walking^c
Restrictions	occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Astronaut^c

Moonwalking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moonwalking

Description

''Moonwalking'' is to to a 'moonwalk' which is a ''DanceStep'' requiring a special technique. The 'moonwalk' ay be performed as part of various dances.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mooonwalk' in WordNet:
          1. moonwalk - (a kind of dance step in which the dancer seems to be sliding on the spot; 
             'Michael Jackson perfected the moonwalk in the 1980s')

Super-classes DanceStep^c

Moor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moor

Description

A ''Moor'' is a ''PlainArea'' where the ground is not well drained and therefore retains significant moisture, but is not a marshland.

     RHW: 1.  a tract of open, peaty, wasteland, often overgrown with heath, 
         common in high latitudes and altitudes where drainage is poor; heath.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'moor' in WordNet:
        2. moor, moorland - (open land usually with peaty soil covered 
            with heather and bracken and moss)

Super-classes PlainArea^c

Moose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moose`
Description	The ''Moose'' is a large type of ''Deer'' with distinctive large antlers common in North America and Europe. The silhouette of the male is distinctive due in part to the shape of the head and the large antlers (how to express 'enormous palmate antlers'??) . RHW: 1. a large, long-headed mammal, Alces alces, of the deer family, having circumpolar distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, the male of which has enormous palmate antlers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moose' in WordNet: 1. elk, European elk, moose, Alces alces - (large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called 'elk' in Europe and 'moose' in North America)
Super-classes	Deer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Mop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mop`
Description	Any long-handled Device used for cleaning floors, with an absorbant material at the working end to hold water or a cleaning solution. `ToDo: Define 'mop head'. @ToDo: define 'absorbency'of absorbent materials - to avoid ternary pred, need 'AbsorbencyToWater' etc. or special Pair for object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mop' in WordNet: 1. swab, swob, mop - (cleaning implement consisting of absorbent material fastened to a handle; for cleaning floors)`
Super-classes	CleaningImplement^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value MoppingaFloor^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SwabbingWithaMop^c hasComponentPart^op value MopHandle^c hasComponentPart^op value MopHead^c

MopHandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MopHandle`
Description	A shaft-like ''Handle'' longer than 120 cm, attached to a ''MopHead'' to make a ''Mop''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mop handle' in WordNet: 1. mop handle - (the handle of a mop)`
Super-classes	Shaft^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c LongHandle^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Mop^c

MopHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MopHead`
Description	A ''MopHead'' is some SolidObject consisting of a quantity of some absorbant material, used as part of a ''Mop'' to clean a floor or other supporting surface.
Super-classes	AbsorbentObject^c WorkingHead^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Mop^c

MoppingaFloor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoppingaFloor`
Description	''MoppingaFloor'' is ''CleaningaFloor'' using a''Mop'' and water, usually with some form of soap in the water.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mop' in WordNet: 1. (2) wipe up, mop up, mop - (to wash or wipe with or as if with a mop; 'Mop the hallway now'; 'He mopped her forehead with a towel')`
Super-classes	CleaningaFloor^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op some Mop^c

Moral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moral`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated conforms to some code of morality or ethics. Usually 'ethical' does not imply a code handed down by a supernatural power such as God, but the two are difficult to disentangle. Violation of God's codes can be distinguished as 'sinful' Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'moral' and includes senses 2 and 3 of 'ethical' in WordNet: WN 'moral' 3. (1) ethical, honorable, honourable, moral - (adhering to ethical and moral principles; 'it seems ethical and right'; 'followed the only honorable course of action'; 'had the moral courage to stand alone') WN 'ethical' 3. (1) ethical, honorable, honourable, moral - (adhering to ethical and moral principles; 'it seems ethical and right'; 'followed the only honorable course of action'; 'had the moral courage to stand alone')
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Virtuous^c Righteous^c Chaste^c

MoralOfaStory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoralOfaStory`
Description	Each ''MoralOfaStory'' is a lesson (an assertion intended or able to teach something to someone) that is either (1) contained in a ''Story'' and intended to be understood by the hearer of a ''Story''; or (2) able to be inferred by experience or by hearing of another's experience. `Not all stories have a ''MoralOfaStory''. See ''Fable'' for one that does. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moral' in WordNet: 1. (2) moral, lesson - (the significance of a story or event; 'the moral of the story is to love thy neighbor')`
Super-classes	Meaning^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Educational^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some Story^c

MoralPrinciple^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoralPrinciple

Description

This specialization of 'Principle' represents a rule of conduct that is believed to be valid by the person who believes it, and which is derived from some beliefs that are based in some code of morality.

NOTE that a 'MoralPrinciple' is considered an 'Obligation' (moral obligation).

If that person  also tries to behave according to such rules, that person may be called
'a man of principle' - in that sense, 'principle' is a special 
kind of principle - specifically one that means that one should
conscienciously behave according to moral principles.  It is possible
to believe in the validity of a moral principle and still not make
any significant effort to behave acordingly.

This sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'principle' in RHW:
 1. an accepted or professed rule of action or conduct: a person of good 
     moral principles.

It also corresponds to sense 5 in WordNet, but is part of the apparent
   sense of sense 2 in WordNet:
     2. (9) principle - (a rule or standard especially of good behavior;
      'a man of principle'; 'he will not violate his principles')
     5. (2) principle, precept - (rule of personal conduct)

Super-classes Obligation^c
Principle^c
RationaleForAction^c
RuleForBehavior^c

MoralVirtue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoralVirtue`
Description	''MoralVirtue'' is an AttributeType that includes any attribute that is considered 'Moral' (approved and appropriate behavior by a Person). `Different religions and cultures have different sets of behaviors considered as 'moral'. Each will be a subtype or associated value of this type. They may conflict,so in the case of conflicts there needs to be a pointer to the community in which the assignment is vaid. @ToDo; REV1397 Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'virtue' in WordNet: 1. (6) virtue, virtuousness, moral excellence - (the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong)`
Super-classes	Virtue^c
Sub-classes	Chastity^c

Morale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morale

Description

Each subtype of ''Morale'' is an ''EmotionalState'' that may cause a Person to feel optimistic or pessimistic about the utility of futility of expending effort on some specific task or on tasks generally. This broadly covers the overall disposition of a Person to exert effort enthusiastically or reluctantly or not at all.

        NOTE: in CYC this is a quantitative attribute - odd usage, not followed
           in COSMO.
        CYC: The collection of attributes expressing the morale
        level of a group of agents or an individual.  Morale is the
        mental condition which is characterized by enthusiasm and a
        willingness to endure hardships for some higher goal.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morale' in WordNet:
          1. (2) morale - (a state of individual psychological well-being
            based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose)

Super-classes EmotionalState^c

Moralist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moralist`
Description	A ''Moralist'' is a Person who has a well-developed sense of 'Morality'' which can be any of many different ideas about what is and is not ''moral''. `NOTE that WN has 'elitist' as a subtype, so this can be broadly used for various kinds of 'morality'. NOTE: WN distinguishes between a 'moralist' who is a type of 'philosopher' and the 'disciplinarian' who simply demands conformity to his/her own idas of what is proper. This type does not include the latter sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moralist' in WordNet: 1. (1) moralist - (a philosopher who specializes in morals and moral problems)`
Super-classes	Philosopher^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Morality^c
Sub-classes	Equalitarian^c Elitist^c

Morality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morality`
Description	''Morality' is a BehavioralDisposition that disposes a Person to perform only acts s/he considers to be 'moral' and avoid those that are 'immoral'. `NOTE: the WN sense is slighty ambiguous; more specific are senses 1 and 2 in RHW: 1. conformity to the rules of right conduct; moral or virtuous conduct. 2. moral quality or character. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morality' in WordNet: 1. (8) morality - (concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct)`
Super-classes	Honor^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some PersonalEthics^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Moral^c
Sub-classes	Righteousness^c

Morally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morally

Description

''Morally'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify adjectives to refer to their ''Moral'' aspects or conformity to ''Morality''.

        Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'morally' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) morally - (with respect to moral principles; 'morally unjustified')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

MorallyRighteous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MorallyRighteous

Description

''MorallyRighteous'' is a subAttribute of ''Justified'' for Actions that are motivated by a sense ''Righteousness''.

        No WN sense of 'justified': justified is in WN only for text formatting.
          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'justifiable' in Wordnet:
            1. justifiable - (capable of being justified)
        WN adj 'righteous':
            2. righteous - (morally justified; 'righteous indignation')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

MorallyUpright^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MorallyUpright`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute of people whose actions tend to exhibit a sense of morality, fairness, and justice to their fellow humans. For the sense of actions or situations that exemplify upright behavior or a state of justice, use 'Just'. Includes the parts of adjective senses 2 of 'upright', 3 and 4 of 'just' and sense 1 of 'fair' in WordNet, relating to the behavior of people: in WordNet: 1. (10) fair, just - (free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; or conforming with established standards or rules; 'a fair referee'; 'fair deal'; 'on a fair footing'; 'a fair fight'; 'by fair means or foul') WN adjective 'just': 4. good, just, upright - (of moral excellence; 'a genuinely good person'; 'a just cause'; 'an upright and respectable man')
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c

Moratorium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moratorium`
Description	A ''Moratorium'' is an ''Abeyance'' of some whose start and end are controlled by some formal ''Authority''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'moratorium' in WordNet: 2. moratorium - (suspension of an ongoing activity)`
Super-classes	Abeyance^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op value Authority^c occursDuring^op value MoratoriumInterval^c

MoratoriumInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoratoriumInterval`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moratorium' in WordNet: 1. moratorium - (a legally authorized postponement before some obligation must be discharged)`
Super-classes	Postponement^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value Moratorium^c

MoreThanEnough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoreThanEnough`
Description	'MoreThanEnough' is an attribute of some amount (of materials or effort or money, etc.) that asserts that the amount is in excess of what is required to accomplish the goal. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ample' in Wordnet: 1. (8) ample - (more than enough in size or scope or capacity; 'had ample food for the party'; 'an ample supply')`
Super-classes	SufficiencyValue^c
Sub-classes	Plentiful^c Satisfying^c

MoreThanaBillionDollars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoreThanaBillionDollars`
Description	''MoreThanaBillionDollars'' is a ''LargeAmountOfMoney'' that is no less than a billion dollars.
Super-classes	LargeAmountOfMoney^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OveraBillionDollars^c

Morgue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morgue`
Description	A ''Morgue'' is a ''Building'' or part of a building, where dead bodies are stored and examined, such as for doing autopsies or preparing for burial. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morgue' in WordNet: 1. (1) morgue, mortuary, dead room - (a building (or room) where dead bodies are kept before burial or cremation)`
Super-classes	SpaceInAHOC^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value HumanCorpse^c

Moribund^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moribund

Description

''Moribund'' is the attribute of something - an Organism, an Organization, an Institution,that is in the last stages of life or existence and 'dying' (performing the action of ''Death'' as used in COSMO.)

           Correspond to adjective sense 2 of'moribund' in WordNet:
             2. moribund - (being on the point of death;
                  breathing your last; 'a moribund patient')
           WN adj 'dying'
             1. (2) dying - (in or associated with the process of passing from 
                 life or ceasing to be; 'a dying man'; 'his dying wish'; 
                 'a dying fire'; 'a dying civilization')

Super-classes Sick^c

Mormon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mormon

Description

''Mormon'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''MormonChurch'' or a ''MormonPerson''

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Mormon' in Wordnet:
           1. Mormon - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Mormon church; 
             'Mormon leaders'; 'the former Mormon practice of polygamy')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MormonChurch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MormonChurch

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mormon Church' in WordNet:
           1. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Mormon Church, Mormons - 
               (church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah)

Super-classes ProtestantDenomination^c

MormonPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MormonPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Mormon' in WordNet: 2. Latter-Day Saint, Mormon - (a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints)`
Super-classes	Member^c ProtestantPerson^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value MormonChurch^c

Morning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morning

Description

The class of TimeIntervals that begin at Sunrise and end at noon. This depends on the time zone.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morning' and sense 1 of 'antemeridian' in WordNet:
       1. (87) morning, morn, morning time, forenoon - (the time period between dawn and noon;
          'I spent the morning running errands')
     WN adj 'antemeridian':
        1. antemeridian - (before noon)

Super-classes TimeOfDay^c
DayTime^c

Moroccan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moroccan

Description

         " Moroccan leather"

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Moroccan' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) Moroccan, Maroc - (of or relating to or characteristic of Morocco or its people;
              'Moroccan mosques cannot be entered by infidels')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MoroccanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoroccanPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Moroccan' in WordNet: 1. Moroccan - (a native or inhabitant of Morocco)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaNativeOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morocco^c

Moron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moron`
Description	A ''Moron'' is a ''StupidPerson'' whose intelligence is substantially below the average for a Person. The term is often used pejoratively, but technically it is merely a characterization of intelligence. NOTE that WN does not distinguish between 'moron' 'imbecile' and 'idiot', as is done in psychology. COSMO adopts the technical usage with'imbecile' and 'idiot' as progressively less intelligent subtypes of 'moron'. So to call someone an 'idiot' would also be calling that person a 'moron' which has the same effect as the WN usage (except that calling one a moron or imbecile would not be the same as calling that person an 'idiot' - no great loss). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'moron' in WordNet: 1. idiot, imbecile, cretin, moron, changeling, half-wit, retard - (a person of subnormal intelligence)
Super-classes	StupidPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Moronic^c
Sub-classes	Imbecile^c

Moronic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moronic`
Description	''Moronic'' is a more intensive level of 'Stupid', characterizing someone whos intelligence is much lower than the average. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'moronic' in WordNet: 1. moronic - (having a mental age of between eight and twelve years)`
Super-classes	Stupid^c
Sub-classes	Imbecilic^c

Morose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morose

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'morose' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) dark, dour, glowering, glum, moody, morose, saturnine, sour, sullen -
          (showing a brooding ill humor; 'a dark scowl'; 'the proverbially dour 
          New England Puritan'; 'a glum, hopeless shrug'; 'he sat in moody silence'; 
          'a morose and unsociable manner'; 'a saturnine, almost misanthropic young genius'- Bruce Bliven; 
          'a sour temper'; 'a sullen crowd')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Morpheme^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morpheme

Description

Part of a Word which cannot be subdivided and which expresses a meaning.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morpheme' in Wordnet:
        1. morpheme - (minimal meaningful language unit; it cannot be divided 
          into smaller meaningful units)

Super-classes LinguisticObject^c

Morphine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morphine`
Description	CYC: a white, bitter, #$Crystalline #$Alkaloid, the most important narcotic and addictive constituent of #$Opium, obtained by extraction and crystallization and used chiefly in medicine as a pain reliever and sedative. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morphine' in WordNet: 1. morphine, morphia - (an alkaloid narcotic drug extracted from opium; a powerful, habit-forming narcotic used to relieve pain)`
Super-classes	Stimulant^c OrganicCompound^c NarcoticDrug^c PsychoactiveAgent^c AddictiveSubstance^c Alkaloid^c IllegalDrug^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crystalline^c isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Opium^c

Morphing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morphing`
Description	''Morphing'' is a ''ShapeChange'' that causes something to take the form of a different type of Object. `Recent coinage. Wiktionary: 1.(colloquial, transitive, intransitive) To change shape, from one form to another, through computer animation. 2. (of fantastic beings in science fiction or fantasy) To shapeshift. 3. To undergo dramatic change in a seamless and barely noticeable fashion. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'morph' in Wordnet: 2. morph - (change shape as via computer animation; 'In the video, Michael Jackson morphed into a panther')`
Super-classes	ShapeChange^c
Restrictions	causes^op value BeingDifferent^c

Morphology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Morphology`
Description	''Morphology'' is the science that studies the structure of Organisms. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morphology' in WordNet: 1. (1) morphology - (the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants)`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value LifeForm^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value OrganismPart^c
Sub-classes	Anatomy^c

Mortal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mortal

Description

''Mortal'' is an attribute of things (as of 2019, only organisms) that must inevitably die. Can this be applied to Organizations?

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mortal' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) mortal - (subject to death; 'mortal beings')

Super-classes Alive^c

Mortality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mortality`
Description	''Mortality'' is the state of 'being mortal', having the attribute ''Mortal'', i.e necessarily dying some day. `NOTE that the 'ending subevent' is ''Death''; the end of this state is the dying phase. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mortality' in WordNet: 1. (4) mortality - (the quality or state of being mortal)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Mortal^c hasEndingSubEvent^op value Death^c

Mortar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mortar`
Description	A bonding material containing ''Cement-Structural'' used in building stone structures. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mortar' in WordNet: 2. (2) mortar - (used as a bond in masonry or for covering a wall)`
Super-classes	BuildingMaterial^c BondingMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Cement-Structural^c
Sub-classes	Grout^c

MortarGun^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MortarGun

Description

A ''MortarGun'' is a military weapon (a 'mortar') that is essentially a long tube mounted on a flat base into which 'mortar shells' can be dropped, firing an explosive shell over a relatively short range. The smaller mortars (81 mm) can be carrried by one or two people, but the larger ones (e.g. 120 mm) may need to be towed. The typcal angle of fire is higher than that of a ''Howizer'', an Artillery piece that is mounted and too heavy for people to carry

         The WN 'mortar' is mixed in with ''Howitzer'', another type of 'HighAngleGun''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mortar' in WordNet:
           1. (3) mortar, howitzer, trench mortar - (a muzzle-loading high-angle gun 
               with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range)

Super-classes PortableObject^c
HighAngleGun^c

Mortarboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mortarboard`
Description	The cap used in graduation ceremonies (usually square with a tassle). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mortarboard' in WordNet: 2. mortarboard - (an academic cap with a flat square with a tassel on top)`
Super-classes	Cap^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 1 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-topped^c

MortgageAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MortgageAgreement`
Description	This is a collection of microtheories and a subset of #$AuthorizedAgreement. Each element of #$MortgageAgreement is generated from an instance of #$Mortgaging. A #$MortgageAgreement contains the terms of a mortgage (in which money is borrowed and a claim against the borrower's property is given to secure the loan). `See 'InstallmentPayment' for the periodicpayments usually required in a ''MortgageAgreement''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mortgage' in WordNet: 1. (4) mortgage - (a conditional conveyance of property as security for the repayment of a loan)`
Super-classes	LoanAgreement^c AuthorizedAgreement^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op only MortgageInterest^c isProducedByEventType^op some MakingaMortgageAgreement^c

MortgageInterest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MortgageInterest`
Description	A ''MortgageInterest'' is a ''SecurityInterest'' created by a ''MortgageAgreement''..
Super-classes	SecurityInterest^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op only MortgageAgreement^c

MortgageLoanContract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MortgageLoanContract`
Description	A ''MortgageLoanContract'' is a ''LoanContract'' which specifies the terms for a loan of money using a piece of real property as collateral for repayment. (a FIBO type 'MortgageLoanContract)
Super-classes	LoanContract^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value MortgageAgreement^c isTheResultOf^op value MortgageAgreement^c hasTopic^op value MortgagedRealEstate^c

MortgagedRealEstate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MortgagedRealEstate`
Description	''MortgagedRealEstate'' is a piece of RealEstate that has an outstanding Mortgage, and therefor serves as ''Surety'' for repayment of the MortgageLoan to the mortgage holder.
Super-classes	RealEstate^c Surety^c

Mortification^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mortification

Description

An instance of FeelingType that is a more intense form of ''Embarrassment''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mortification' and includes sense 1 of
          'humiliation' (a state that is not necessarily accompanied by the feeling) in WordNet:
         1. (1) chagrin, humiliation, mortification - (strong feelings of embarrassment)
       WN noun 'humiliation':
         1. (2) humiliation - (state of disgrace or loss of self-respect)

Super-classes Embarrassment^c

Mosaic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mosaic`
Description	A ''Mosaic'' is a ''TwoDimensionalArtObject'' that is produced by closely arranging together small pieces of colored glass or stone having a flat surface onto a flat surface so that as a group they appear to be a 2-Dimensional representation of some object or artistic pattern. Usually at least a few hundred pieces are needed to create the illusion of an image. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mosaic' in WordNet: 1. (2) mosaic - (art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass)`
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalArtObject^c HexalateralObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value PiecingTogether^c

Mosque^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mosque`
Description	A religious building where Islamic services and activities are held. Some of these are definitely #$ModernShelterConstructions, but some are not. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mosque' in Wordnet: 1. mosque - ((Islam) a Muslim place of worship that usually has a minaret)`
Super-classes	ReligiousBuilding^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyManagedBy^op value Mullah^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value MuslimPrayer^c

MosqueCongregation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MosqueCongregation

Description

COSMO note: In Cyc, this is a subtype of Organization, but in COSMO it is a GroupOfPeople. The justification for this is the expectation that people may attend a Mosque or any other religious building without being listed on any membership list. At this point (v 045) no 'Organization' for local congregations is defined in COSMO. It may be added if needed.

    Cyc:  A #$MosqueCongregation is a local Muslim religious
        organization that  worships together at a common #$Mosque.
        They may be led by an official cleric,  such as a #$Mullah,
        and #$SunniIslam congregations are often led by an #$Imam-Sunni.

Super-classes ReligiousGroup^c

Mosquito^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mosquito`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mosquito ' in WordNet: 1. (2) mosquito - (two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals)
Super-classes	Insect^c Vermin^c BloodFeedingArthropod^c

MosquitoBite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MosquitoBite`
Description	A ''MosquitoBite'' is a ''Bite'' (a wound on the skin) produced by a ''Bee'' stingin a animal, often manifesting as a small swelling that may itch intensely.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mosquito bite' in WordNet: 1. mosquito bite - (a sting inflicted by a mosquito)`
Super-classes	ArthropodBite^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value Mosquito^c

Moss^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moss

Description

SUMO: A NonFloweringPlant without true roots and little if any vascular tissue.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moss' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) moss - (tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants)

Super-classes NonFloweringPlant^c
MusciClass^c

MostCommon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MostCommon

Description

''MostCommon'' is the attribute of type of things that occur with greatest frequency within a specific group or in a specific Region, or the most commonly found subtype.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prevalent' in Wordnet:
            1. (3) prevailing, prevalent, rife - (encountered generally especially 
                at the present time; 'the prevailing opinion was that 
                a trade war could be averted'; 'the most prevalent religion in our area';
                'speculation concerning the books author was rife')
         WN  adj 'predominant':
           1. prevailing, predominant - (most frequent or common; 'prevailing winds')

Super-classes Widespread^c

MostDifficult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MostDifficult`
Description	Something that is the ''MostDifficult'' is the part of a Group of situations or of some aspect of a situation, that is more difficult to do or handle or respond to, for some Purpose or some Agent.
Super-classes	Difficult^c Salient^c

MostFavored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MostFavored

Description

''MostFavored'' is a subtype of ''Preferred'' specifying that the thing characterized is the most ''Preferred'' of several alternatives, where there may be more than one that are acceptable.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'favorite' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) favorite, favourite - (appealing to the general public; 
             'a favorite tourist attraction')
          2. (1) favored, favorite, favourite, best-loved, pet, preferred, preferent -
             (preferred above all others and treated with partiality; 'the favored child')

Super-classes Preferred^c

MostSignificant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MostSignificant`
Description	Something that is the ''MostSignificant'' of a Group of things (usually an Event) is the thing that is the most ''Consequential'' and important, for some Purpose or some Agent.
Super-classes	Important^c

Mostly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mostly

Description

''Mostly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Events or Groups and specifies that the majority of Instances or ComponentElements are of a particular type or have some particular attribute.

        See also Adverb instances ''generally'' and ''usually''.

        Includes adverb sense 1 of 'mostly' and sense 1 of 'primariy' in WordNet:
           1. (10) largely, mostly, for the most part - (in large part; mainly or chiefly;
             'These accounts are largely inactive')
           2. (3) by and large, generally, more often than not, mostly - 
           (usually; as a rule; 'by and large it doesn't rain much here')
        WN adverb 'primarily':
          1. (28) chiefly, principally, primarily, mainly, in the main - 
          (for the most part; 'he is mainly interested in butterflies')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

MostlyFlat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MostlyFlat`
Description	''MostlyFlat'' is a ''SurfaceAttributeValue'' for surfaces on ''PhysicalObject''s that are overall 'flat' in the sense that each arc that includes points on the edges of the object and also includes a surface point in the middle of the object is less than a third of a semicircle. The overall external appearance is such that all parts on the surface are visible from a few feet away from the surface. `This is one step toward specifying degrees of 'flatness', The subtype ''Flat'' will represent a greater degree of flatness, as described in the CYC gloss.`
Super-classes	Even^c SurfaceAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Flat^c

MostlyHorizontal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MostlyHorizontal`
Description	'MostlyHorizontal' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that have at least one long dimension that is oriented either parallel to the Earth's surface,or somewhat tilted toward the vertical,but more horizntal thanvertical. This is an approximate attribute, and things can be more horizontal than others. For close to horizontal (sloped upward less than 21 degrees) use subtype ''Horizontal''. `This is for any kind of object,animate or inanimate. For a Person lying flat on a horizontal surface, use subtype ''Prostrate''. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'prostrate' in Wordnet (which seems to be for people): in WordNet: 1. (2) flat, prostrate - (stretched out and lying at full length along the ground; 'found himself lying flat on the floor')`
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Horizontal^c Prostrate^c Sloped^c

Motel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motel`
Description	A Hotel with parking facilities, usually located on or near a highway, where motorists can stay and conveniently park their vehicle. In a city, a 'Motel' is usually lower (no more than a few stories) than a Hotel. The distinction may be `For hotels with lots of rooms, use 'Hotel'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motel' in WordNet: 1. (1) motel - (a motor hotel)`
Super-classes	HotelBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value ParkingLot^c

Moth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moth`
Description	SUMO: Nocturnal Insect with a large body and antennae. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moth' in WordNet: 1. (3) moth -- (typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae)`
Super-classes	Lepidopteran^c
Sub-classes	Silkworm^c

Mother^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mother`
Description	A 'Mother' is a FemalePerson that is in some sense a 'mother' - biological mother, adoptive mother, foster mother, stepmother. The subtypes are more specific. This implies that there is a child related by the 'isTheMotherOf' relation. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'mother' in WordNet; for the narrower sense, use 'BirthMother' in WordNet: 1. (100) mother, female parent - (a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother); 'the mother of three children') WN noun 'mater': 1. mater - (an informal use of the Latin word for mother; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously)`
Super-classes	Ancestor^c HumanRole^c FemalePerson^c
Restrictions	isTheMotherOf^op only Person^c
Sub-classes	FosterMother^c Grandmother^c MotherInLaw^c BirthMother^c Mom^c

MotherInLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotherInLaw`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mother-in-law' in WordNet: 1. mother-in-law - (the mother of your spouse)`
Super-classes	InLaw^c Mother^c
Restrictions	isTheMotherOf^op value Spouse^c

Motherhood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motherhood`
Description	''Motherhood'' is the state of a Person who is a ''Mother'' in any sense - birth mother, genetic mother, or adoptive mother. A 'Stepmother' would be a different type of relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motherhood' in WordNet: 1. motherhood, maternity - (the kinship relation between an offspring and the mother)`
Super-classes	Kinship^c
Restrictions	subjectOfStateHas^op value Child^c isPerformedBy^op value Mother^c

Mothering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mothering`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mother' in WordNet: 1. (2) mother, fuss, overprotect - (care for like a mother; 'She fusses over her husband')`
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

MothersMilk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MothersMilk`
Description	''MothersMilk'' is the recently secreted ''Milk'' obtained by a young mammal from another mammal of the same species - whether from its own mother or from a 'wet nurse',and whether directly from the teat or from a bottle after having been suctioned out of the teat and preserved for later use. `NOTE: there is no direct parent in WordNet for recently secreted milk - the parent ''Milk'' could be homogenized and in a bottle ten days old. This will be interpreted as recently secreted milk from any mammal, until more distinctions can be added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mother's milk' in WordNet: 1. mother's milk - (milk secreted by a woman who has recently given birth)`
Super-classes	Milk^c
Sub-classes	HumanMothersMilk^c

Motion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motion`
Description	This is the most general sense of some physical object or part of a PhysicalObject changing its location or orientation in any way. Turning in place (rotation), vibration, oscillation, moving in circles, as well as complete change of location of an object is included. Called 'MovementEvent' in Opencyc, 'Motion' in SUMO. OpenCyc: 'MovementEvent' A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer and #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent (qq.v.). This is the most general collection of physical movements. Each instance of #$MovementEvent is an event in which at least one object (see #$objectMoving) either translates some distance or moves from one rotational orientation to another, relative to a frame of reference that is not part of the translating/rotating object. The movement in question might be periodic or not, continuous or not. Notable specializations of #$MovementEvent include #$Translocation, #$Movement-Rotation, #$Movement-Periodic, and #$MovementProcess. SUMO: Any Process of movement. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'go' and sense 1 and 3 of 'move', and includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'move' and nouns senses 1,2,3, and 6 of 'motion' and noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'movement' in WN - WN verb 'move' in WordNet: 1. (343) travel, go, move, locomote - (change location; move, travel, or proceed; 'How fast does your new car go?'; 'We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus'; 'The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect'; 'The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell') WN noun 'move': 3. (57) motion, movement, move, motility - (a change of position that does not entail a change of location; 'the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise'; 'movement is a sign of life'; 'an impatient move of his hand'; 'gastrointestinal motility') 4. (30) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') WN noun 'motion': 1. (22) movement, motion - (a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something) 3. (6) motion, movement, move, motility - (a change of position that does not entail a change of location; 'the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise'; 'movement is a sign of life'; 'an impatient move of his hand'; 'gastrointestinal motility') 6. (1) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') WN noun 'movement': 1. (24) motion, movement, move, motility - (a change of position that does not entail a change of location; 'the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise'; 'movement is a sign of life'; 'an impatient move of his hand'; 'gastrointestinal motility') 2. (19) movement, motion - (a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something) 3. (16) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path')
Super-classes	MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c
Sub-classes	UnwindingaSpool^c JerkingMotion^c SeparationEvent^c Stumbling^c Irrigating^c Translocation^c Tide^c PluckingaString^c UnitUpAndDownMotion^c MilitaryManeuver^c WindingUpaSpring^c Quickening^c Rotation^c Movement-Periodic^c TanglingCords^c FollowingMotion^c UpsideDownInversion^c MovementProcess^c Fidgeting^c SportsPlay^c MotionUpward^c Motion-SolidAgainstSolid^c MotionThroughaFluid^c WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c Deploying^c Tracking^c BodyMovementEvent^c Receding^c HaltingEvent^c Riding^c StickingSomethingOutward^c ReplacingAir^c UndulatingMotion^c Streaming^c MotionDownward^c PlantingaPlant^c MotionInPlace^c Intertwining^c LiquidMotion^c PhysicalReturn^c RemovingPhysically^c KnockingSomethingOver^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DianeMovingHerHand1986

Motion-SolidAgainstSolid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motion-SolidAgainstSolid`
Description	In instances of #$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid the #$motionPathway-Complete is in contact with (#$touches) every #$objectMoving. This collection is a #$TemporalStuffType so contact between #$objectMoving and #$motionPathway-Complete occurs throughout all #$timeSlices. The #$objectMoving and the #$motionPathway-Complete are solid objects. Hockey pucks sliding, rolling, and spinning on ice exemplars. Car transportation and #$SnowSkiing are a negative examples because many of the #$objectMovings in these events do not touch the pathway e.g. the car passengers, the skiers hat etc.. Instances of #$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid are involved as #$subEvents however. The car's wheels, and the skier's skis are the respective #$objectMovings.
Super-classes	Motion^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Sliding-Generic^c Dragging^c RollingEvent^c

MotionAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotionAttribute`
Description	A 'MotionAttribute' AttributeValue that specifies whether an object is moving, and if so in what manner (i.e. linearly, rotating, cycling); more specific attributes may indicate in what direction, and with what approximate velocity an object is moving. This is a QualitativeAttributeValue, so numbers cannot be attached, just verbal clues.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	MovingLinearly^c FlowingRapidly^c Stationary^c MovingSlowly^c Actionable^c InMotion^c Intrusive^c Flowing^c

MotionDownhill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotionDownhill`
Description	A ''MotionDownhill'' is a 'Descending' in which the Object descending is supported at least partly by a ''Slope-Topographical'', as in rolling or sliding down the side of a hill.
Super-classes	Descending^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op value DownHill^c occursAt^op value Slope-Topographical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value DownHill^c
Sub-classes	Skiing^c Snowboarding^c

MotionDownward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotionDownward`
Description	SUMO: Motion where an Object is moving toward the ground.
Super-classes	Translocation^c Motion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Downward^c
Sub-classes	StampingOnesFoot^c JumpingDown^c Lowering^c CascadingDown^c Descending^c Plunging^c Meteor^c

MotionInPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotionInPlace`
Description	A 'MotionInPlace' is a type of 'Motion' in which the center of gravity of the Object moving does not move in space and come to rest at a new location (relative to some frame of reference). This is for example, rotating, vibrating, rocking (of a rocking chair), swinging (of a swing or pendulum), or fluttering (of a flag) among other things. It is difficult to express this intruitive concept percisely, as it takes several forms, but this is conceptually disjoint from a translation that actually changes the location of an object. `The conceptual difficulty arises, among other things, from the fact that in many of these motions, the center of gravity of the object may change temporarily or periodically (as with a pendulum) so that some subevent of the overall motion type might be represented as a translation. @ToDo: how to represent this logically??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'move' in WordNet: 3. (52) move - (move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion; 'He moved his hand slightly to the right')`
Super-classes	Event^c Motion^c
Sub-classes	Churning^c Beating^c Swiveling^c Budging^c Fluttering^c Teetering^c ShakingMotion^c Lunging^c UndulatingMotion^c StartledMovement^c RockingMotion^c Cringing^c

MotionThroughaFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotionThroughaFluid`
Description	''MotionThroughaFluid'' is generic type that may be needed to represent the forces of drag and (for small objects) brownian motion on small objects in a fluid, especially in a LiquidObject.
Super-classes	Motion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value FluidObject^c isPerformedBy^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Sedimentation^c

MotionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotionType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some subtype of 'Motion' as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Sub-classes	AnimalMotionType^c
Members	Evacuating SlidingOverSnowOrIce TryingOnaGarment PushingEvent WringingaWetObject ImpalingOnaStake RemovingPhysically Translation-Periodic RidingaBicycle PuttingSomethingIntoStorage AnalAdministration Refinishing DistributingObjects PunchingAHole CleaningaFloor Levering PitchingRightHanded FinishingAnArtifactSurface ComingApart AbradingSomething DepressingaDevicePart Spitting MilitaryWithdrawal DestructiveEarthquake ServingaCauseOrCountry VaginalAdministration MultirevolutionRotation PuttingOnAClothingItem FolkDancing Affixing Tangoing Hustling Prom DrillingaTooth SocialGathering DrivinganAutomobile CurveBall BlowingAir HospiceCare BirdFlight MovingByLifting Fragmentation CarryingaRider InjectingOrInfusing TopplingEvent Peacekeeping Quilting RiflingaGunBarrel SkyrocketingAction Budging Climbing ThrowingSnowballs Sliding-Generic FlightViaAirTransportationDevice FeedingAnInfant RidingInaSailboat Knitting RidingInaRoadVehicle Drifting ShuttlingBackAndForth MuslimPrayer HidingAnObjectByMovingIt MusicalDrama SaturatingSomething Massaging SlidingInAndOutOfSomething GlazingFood SupplyingWater OceanTide ThunderStorm HolyCommunion RaidingForLoot PraisingGod Ingesting Diving InvertingSomething Fishing Tottering MarshallingResources MakingTea UnwindingaSpool Injecting-Subcutaneous GrindingaLens PuttingSomethingSomewhere Relaying Relocating Tweaking RemovingaGroundSurface DecelerationOfaVehicle SittingDown Sniping WritingByTypewriter FilingaDocument Act FallingEvent EntertainmentPerformance Fragmenting JerkingMotion BeatingAnAnimal MilkCurdling Trembling Encounter Spanking GettingaRide Shuddering Deploying Fraying Rubbing PolishingShoes SeparationEvent SlammingSomethingShut PuttingSomethingDown SpatialllyPolarizing Hemming Stumbling Dogsledding Teetering Translocation Rowing EyeMovement PumpingBlood SpitBallPitch DamagingFlood SteeringaRoadVehicle Stirring Skewering ReturningaPurchase Centrifuging Forsaking StowingFully Scribbling GlazingAnObject Anointing Decorating Tide RidingaMotorcycle ScrapingSomething Party Navigation SpreadingThingsAround GraduationCeremony Parching Sifting PropellingaBall RidingaBeast SocialDancing SilverPlating LaceratingSomething GenericBookBinding ApplyingaFinish LeachingOutStuff SteeringADeviceByHand RidingaCycle Vibration PlunkingSomethingDown Snorkeling Sloshing FormalCeremony Silting Darning SpatteringaSubstance MilitaryInvasion MusicalPerformance SpinningInaGravitationalField SqueezingEvent SawingSomething StauchingaLiquidFlow CuttingTheSkin Dancing SingingTogether Exuding CuttingaGroove EndorsingaCheck Conference ApplyingLipstick Swinging JumpingDown MarkingOnASurface Receding SettlingaPlace EnteringaStructure Overcrowding Trimming-Decorating JobInterview DottingaLetter Wagging CrackingEvent Launching Excavating SprayingWater RectilinearShaking PuttingSomethingIntoSomething Packing ScatteringApart PropellingaBoat Parking Gait StuffingThingsIntoaContainer DiscoveringByExcavating MilitaryManeuver CarryingFreight CuttingUpaTree MotionDownward Navigating Quickening Injecting-Intravenous SawingWood DividingSomethingIntoParts PumpingFluid DispensingSomething Collapsing Galvanizing TelevisionProgram KnittingByHand Caucus MotionInPlace MovingInSpace MakingMultipleCopies MovingOnOrUnderWater Semester Emigrating ChippingEvent RetracingaPath Cessation PiecingTogether FlyBallBlast HoistingaFlag RadiationRelease ApplyingMascara Ascending DrillingForOil LiquidMotion Revelry DemilitarizingaPlace Scrambling HolyEucharist PartialRotation ScratchingSomething ScatteringaSubstance Impaling InstallingSomething Premiere Trotting PolishingSomething AdvancingEvent BirthdayCelebration Raking ShakingMotion TransportationServiceEvent SleetEvent SteeringaShip KnockingSomethingOver PaintingaHouse Movement-Periodic Snowstorm Segmenting ConveyingMaterials TuckingSomethingIntoSomething FormalBall CancellingaPostageStamp Spraying Yanking CoveringaWall PresentingAnAward Decluttering MilitaryExpedition SlowingDownaVehicle ClimbingaLadder Blizzard DispersionOfStuff Anesthetizing FollowingMotion Soaring Hurling EnteringaCountry Excreting Churning PumpingGasoline MoviePerformance ElectroPlating NeedleCraft ReturningHome RidingAsAPassenger MilitaryRaid FastBall Hospitalizing FallingWithaCrash NudgingAnObject Merrymaking OralAdministration ApplyingSomethingToSurface Filtering MountingSomething Propelling ExitingaCountry SpreadingOfaTumor EbbTide Sowing SayingTheRosary ClearingaLocation Plunging ApplyingWax ApplyingStuffToSurface HelicopterLanding Pedaling Creeping AscendingEvent ChuckingSomething MovingOnTheWaterSurface DirectedTranslation Injecting-Intramuscular SoloMusicalPerformance Debriefing EnteringaCave Flooding CascadingDown Beating PilotingAnAirplane Erosion Sedimentation PrecipitationProcess Celebration ReversingRotation Pageant Superimposing ScatteringGranularStuff ParingSomething FilingSomething UpsideDownInversion Looting BarMitzvah StaplingEvent Parting MovingUnderWater CakewalkDancing RockOrSnowSlide Weaving RollingEvent Rerun ApplyingNailPolish Funeral Allocating Crocheting Blinking LocomotionProcess-Animal ExposingToTheSun OceanFlooding Radiation Clotting SubmergingInWater ThrashingAbout PaintingaWatercolorPicture GratingSomething MoppingaFloor IntermentRite BuryingSomething WakeForaCorpse Rallying HelicopterTakeoff Overshooting RidingInaBoat ConveyingaLiquid Descending Blitzkrieg OfferingSomethingToaDeity UndulatingMotion HandCrafting DedicatingaPublicFacility Undershooting AscendingStairs ShootingSomething CarvingSomething ApplyingPaint Hajj BoardingaShip ApplyingMakeup Smuggling LocatingInIntendedPosition BackwardMotion Diffusing Pouring Snapping Dance ExitingSomething ReducingBrightness Fabrication FeedingAnOrganism MobilizingTroops StartledMovement JumpingOverSomething LeavingSomeoneInTheLurch FreeRide Laminating Tailoring Jiggling ShearingSheep Concert Foundering StampingOnesFoot SecretionEvent PumpingFromTheGround TrackingAnAnimal PluckingaString Squirt Fidgeting Overflowing SwingingaRod Jogging Streaming DippingSomething SportsPlay Steeping ShootingaPerson GrindingMeat MotionUpward UpliftingEvent Penance GetTogether Crowding Impelling PloughingaTrench AbradingaSurface PantsFallingDown Dashing Sinking Motion-SolidAgainstSolid Stalking ChoirSinging PuncturingTheSkin TransportationEvent MassProduction StuffingaFoodObject SkinDiving RotatingaShaft Shaving DischargedLiquid Convening DeployingResources MovingToaPlace Dressing PerformingArtActivity ResurfacingAnArtifact ScouringaSurface SewingByHand BoatMovingInWaterEvent ScatteringObjects Deforestation Throwing MotionThroughaFluid DrivingaRoadVehicle PaintingAnObject HoodingSomething SlowingDownAnAction RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger SacrificingToaDeity InitialingSomething BlessingEvent Pursuing ChurchService Fluttering Loading ScratchingAnItch PhysicalReturn PlantingASeed PitchingLeftHanded SwimmingUnderwater BroadcastProgram CuttingMeat WindingSomethingOntoaSpool PaintingAPicture SkyDiving SwingingAroundOnCord BreachingaBarrier LeavingaResidue PullingOrPushingEvent BallroomDancing WearingDownFromUse Gathering Sacrament AccelerationOfaVehicle PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO RidingInaVehicle ParadeEvent Interviewing Gala Leaking ConveyingWaterByPipes Sweeping ChoppingUpSomething OrganizedCelebration Tracking PullingOrPushingaShip ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface Pilgrimage Bursting Maneuver Landslide WaitingOnTables Carrying CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion DrivingaTruck Plummeting DrillingaWell Roosting ReligiousCeremony FlyingAction BloodCoagulation CarvingFood Shivering RidingInAnAirplane DryingByWiping Permeating SchoolSession PouringLiquidFromaContainer Slipping Assembling Skipping Brushing Migration Curdling HolyMatrimony SpaceTransportationEvent Running Rotation Rotation-Periodic Idolatry ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid GatheringTogetherOfPeople Binding Implanting AutomobileFabrication FlailingAnAnimal Precession TailWagging Landing Meteor PinchingEvent LeavingSomethingBehind IcingaCake AccompanyingResult Printing FeedingAnAnimal Airbrushing Raising PropellingaVehicle SwoopingDown HeavingAnObject CuttingaGrooveInWood TransmittingForce GradingaLandArea MovementThroughAir Symposium Earthquake DiggingInTheGround Flailing Tornado ShootingaFirearm RainEvent ChangeOfResidence DiggingaMilitaryTrench FlingingSomething Cramming FilingNails EnteringAVehicle Wobbling MaskingSomething Sleighing Waltzing Ceremony HaltingEvent Allotting DiggingaTrench Drizzle Mowing BicycleRacing FoxTrotting Immigrating Pulverizing WaterMotion DryingDishesWithaTowel Convention Stranding BaggingSomething Sunbathing HuddlngTogether Incising CoalMining Riding PenetratingSomething FutureMeeting Spinning ConveyingaFluid DiggingAHole CastingSomething BloodFlow Seminar AircraftTakeoff DramaticPerformance DocumentBindingEvent CarryingPassengers TendingBar Hula AirTransportationEvent InstillingByDrops TrafficCongestion SwingingOnASwing DiscussionForum RidingaHorse Festooning Galloping ApplyingStuffToTheSkin ChoreographedDancing FiberOpticCable ForwardMotion Irrigating DispensingMedication Sailing Organizing InvoluntaryBodyMovement AnimalBathing StartlingAnAnimal Inserting Reorganizing Perching SettlingInaPosition FaceTime Dating Ballet Hunting FeedingBirds BrushingTeeth PavingaPathway FallingFromaStandingPosition ClusteringTogether Redistributing Tagging BloodCirculation Hallelujah Misplacing NursingAnInfant NonstopFlight CuttingMetal Infusing-Medical RidingaRaceHorse ShootingAnArrow Lunging DryingInTheSun Sieving ClassSession VoluntaryBodyMovement LayingSomethingHorizontally Converging CostumeParty ShootingAtSomething PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth FlameFlickering ThrowingADiscus FullRotation Cleaving TransmittingInformation Tossing MotionDownhill SqueezingWithTheHand Varnishing BoardingAnAirplane Mining PiercingSomething Hovering DicingaFoodObject UnitUpAndDownMotion LiftingaBodyPart WrappingInaSheet Deceleration ChasingSomething Funneling WindStorm Cyclone Leaping WritingByHand RetractingAnObject Isolating Migrating PullingOnAnObject Audience-Hearing CarryingLuggage BlendingInaBlender CoveringSomething PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution CuttingSomething Wiping SigningSomething Seeping Baptism Cringing Clumping FootballBlitz ReelingSomethingOnOrOffaSpool Meeting ResurfacingInaBodyOfWater DoingaJig Rendezvous CancellingSomething Avalanche ReplacingAir WipingTheAnus Withdrawing AnglingMotion ComingTogether LaunchingaBoat Congregating Conveying-Stationary CommercialPrinting RaisingByHand Pitching SpreadingOfaPathogen GatheringTogether Diluting GrindingSomethingDown Swaying SinkingInWater BaseballPitch MovingThroughTheAir Capsizing LaunchingaRocketOrTorpedo PulverizationEvent Saccade PublicAssembly Severing HailEvent Lowering GuidingAMovingObject Imploding PoisingInFlight WeddingCeremony FormalMeeting Pricking SettingSomethingDown Falling-Freefall SmallEarthquake DispersingaCrowd Climbing-Recreational CompilingSomething Dividing PullingEvent PropellingaFluid Play ClosingaPortal TurningSomethingInsideOut TearingSomething Ventilating MakingSomethingBySewing Pulsating Dragging EnteringaRoom Conveying-Generic Julienning IntendedResult Winking ExcavatingForConstruction Twitch Towing Scampering ServingFoodOrDrink RockingMotion DrivingaBus Separation-Complete Sleepover SnowEvent AircraftLanding Ploy Acceleration Grinding PlatingMetal TornadoAsEvent StavingIn Injecting ReligiousRitual Sewing Squirting Snowboarding WateringPlants Session Transmission RevisitingaPlace Tryst CuttingHair SprayingWaterDirectionally MincingSomething Movement-TranslationProcess ClubbingAnAnimal SwimmingForPleasure CausingAnotherObjectsRotation Blitz Seceding Shower StitchingAWound Skimming Spilling Whirlwind Vigil ReciprocatingMotion SweepingIntoaContainer FlyBall Injecting-Intrathecal ScubaDiving Gridlock Shinnying DramaticActing PlantingaPlant DealingCards SlicingSomething Rave DispatchingVehicles SurgicalIncision ProcessionEvent BrakingaCar Dissecting StreamFlow DischargingaLiquid ClosingEyes DrillingAHole Mashing Immolating ChaChaing ShovingaPerson MovingInaLoop WaterPrecipitationProcess FlowingWaterMotion DrivingaTaxiCab Shipping DepressingaValue SandingSomething RidingAsAnAirplanePassenger Pickling PoisingSomething MovementProcess ReducingPerceivedGlare SpaceTravel Festival ReapingCrops FlyingWithWings Reprinting

MotionUpward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotionUpward`
Description	A 'MotionUpward' is any Event in which an object that is the focus of the Event goes from one level in a gravitational field to another level that is higher in the field - further away from the center of gravity of the attractive body (usually Earth). In this kind of Event, the starting and ending points determine whether a motion is upward - there may be some subevents in which there is a motion downward, but the overall effect is what determines whether a motion is upward, downward, or neither. SUMO: Motion where an Object is moving away from the ground. Includes verb sense 1 of 'rise' and senses 2 and 4 of noun 'rise' in WordNet: 1. (30) rise, lift, arise, move up, go up, come up, uprise - (move upward; 'The fog lifted'; 'The smoke arose from the forest fire'; 'The mist uprose from the meadows') WN noun 'rise': 2. (3) rise, ascent, ascension, ascending - (the act of changing location in an upward direction) 4. (1) rise, rising, ascent, ascension - (a movement upward; 'they cheered the rise of the hot-air balloon')
Super-classes	Motion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Upward^c
Sub-classes	UpliftingEvent^c Raising^c Soaring^c AscendingEvent^c Ascending^c

Motionless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motionless`
Description	'Motionless' asserts that the Object modified is not in perceptible motion (relative to some implied frame of reference) neither linearly nor rotationally. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 'motionless' and sense 1 of 'still' in WordNet: 1. (8) inactive, motionless, static, still - (not in physical motion; 'the inertia of an object at rest')`
Super-classes	Stationary^c
Sub-classes	Resting-Still^c

Motivated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motivated`
Description	A Person who is ''Motivated'' can be motivated by almost any kind of Event or other agent. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'motivated' in Wordnet: 1. (3) motivated - (provided with a motive or given incentive for action; 'a highly motivated child can learn almost anything'; 'a group of politically motivated men')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Driven^c

MotivatingAnAgentToAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotivatingAnAgentToAct`
Description	''MotivatingAnAgentToAct'' is an Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - induces a MentalState or Emotion or Though process in some ''IntentionalAgent'' that causes the Agent(s) to perform some Action. The agent that is motivated by this kind of Event may receive a communication or make an observation that induces the motive. This general notion is also is expressed by the relations: ''convincedAgentToAction'' and ''inducedAgentToAction'' and 'wasMotivatedBy' Those relations will usually be used for actions that are actually performed as a result of a mtivating Event. For the Motive created by this type of Event, the relation ''hadObjectCreated'' points to the motive created by this type of otivating event. see also 'induces' for a more general causative relation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'motivate' and verb sense 2 of 'prompt' and verb sense 2 of 'incite' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'instigate' and noun sense 3 of 'motivation' in WordNet: 1. (6) motivate, actuate, propel, move, prompt, incite - (give an incentive for action; 'This moved me to sacrifice my career') WN verb 'prompt': 2. (2) prompt, inspire, instigate - (serve as the inciting cause of; 'She prompted me to call my relatives') WN verb 'incite: 2. (2) incite, instigate, set off, stir up - (provoke or stir up; 'incite a riot'; 'set off great unrest among the people') WN noun 'motivation': 3. motivation, motivating - (the act of motivating; providing incentive)
Super-classes	CausingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCreated^op value Motive^c

Motivational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motivational

Description

''Motivational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Motive'' or anything similar that provides an ''Incentive'' for a Person to do something.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'motivational' in Wordnet:
         1. motivational - (of or relating to motivation)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Motive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motive`
Description	A Motive can be a single reason for doing something, or a complex group of individual reasons. A Motive is a MentalObject (an Object of thought) that points to a goal state that an agent wants to achieve by her/his own actions. The Motive may be created as a result of a past Event (something as simple as an Urge), but needs to have some future state as the focus. For example, 'revenge' as a Motive would arise as a result of some Action by an agent (agent1) that offends another agent (agent2), causing agent2 to have a Motive to do something that would in turn perturb agent1; the perturbance of agent1 would in this case be the goal state that is pointed to by the Motive. NOTE: that a ''Motive'' need not be ''Rational'' - see subtype ''IrrationalMotive''. NOTE that a 'Goal' in COSMO is the desired state, not the motivation (grounds, reasons) for desiring that state. Verbally expressed, a 'Motive' seems close to a 'Desire'but in COSMO we treat 'Motive' as a MentalObject that is created by some past action, and a 'Desire' can be such an Action. The difference is that a Desire does not necessarily create an intention or a plan to achieve the desired state; a Motive moves one step from a Desire to forming a MentalObject that visualizes the desired goal state as the template from which an Intention or a Plan can be formed. A ''Motive'' is a MentalObject, but is not necessarily created by a logical reasoning process, and is therefore not a ''Justification''. A ''Motive'' is a basis for Belief or Desire, ''Justification'' is a reason only for Action. One sense of 'reason' can also be a subtype of 'Motive' - a rational description of the cause for an action and the goal state intended; but the cause does not have to be rational, it could just be a Feeling - see 'Urge'. WN-N: sense 1 of 'motive', in synset 'motive, motivation, need'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'motive', part of sense 2 of 'ground', part of sense 1 of 'reason', in WordNet: 1. (5) motivation, motive, need - the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior; 'we did not understand his motivation'; 'he acted with the best of motives') WN noun 'reason': 1. (78) reason, ground - (a rational motive for a belief or action; 'the reason that war was declared'; 'the grounds for their declaration') WN noun 'why': 1. why, wherefore - (the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase 'the whys and wherefores')
Super-classes	MentalObject^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op some ActionType^c hasDesiredSituation^op only GoalSituation^c
Sub-classes	Conscience^c IrrationalMotive^c RationaleForAction^c

Motor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motor`
Description	Any MechanicalDevice whose function is to take energy in some form (usually electrical or fuel-derived heat conversion) and convert it into mechanical energy, moving some PhysicalObjects. Automobile 'engine' can be, among other types, either an electrical 'Motor'or a gasoline-powered 'Engine'. NOTE: in SUMO and Cyc this conceopt seems to be represented by 'Engine' but in COSMO 'Engine' is a subtype of Motor. SUMO: Engine is a subclass of Transducer. Engines are devices for converting some form of energy resource into mechanical power. Cyc: #$Engine is a specialization of #$PoweredDevice and #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$Engine is a device that changes some form of energy into motion (usually rotation). An engine may operate by burning some type of fuel (as do jet engines and internal combustion engines), or it may be powered by electricity, fluid flow, etc. Some notable specializations of #$Engine are #$ElectricalMotor, #$ExternalCombustionEngine, and #$RocketEngine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motor' in WordNet: 1. (7) motor - (machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion)
Super-classes	PoweredDevice^c MechanicalDevice^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	Engine^c

MotorOil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotorOil

Description

Motor Oil, as found in the engine of a car.

       Often referred to simply as 'oil'
       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil' in WordNet:
       1. (11) oil - (a slippery or viscous liquid 
          or liquefiable substance not miscible with water)

Super-classes LubricatingOil^c

Motorboat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motorboat`
Description	$Motorboat is the specialization of #$Watercraft-Surface and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$Motorboat is usually powered by motors (including in-board and out-board motors). If a boat is primarily a #$Sailboat, but has a back-up motor to use when becalmed or piloting, that is not enough to make it a #$Motorboat. To be more precise, this collection is the intersection of #$Watercraft-Surface, #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motorboat' in Wordnet: 1. motorboat, powerboat - (a boat propelled by an internal-combustion engine)
Super-classes	FuelPoweredDevice^c SelfPoweredDevice^c Watercraft-Surface^c WaterTransportationVehicle^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value InternalCombustionEngine^c
Sub-classes	Tugboat^c PleasureCraft^c

Motorcycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motorcycle`
Description	$Motorcycle is a specialization of #$RoadVehicle and #$WheeledTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$Motorcycle is a two-wheeled motorized personal transport device. Unlike most #$Automobiles, a motorcycle lacks a cab or compartment to protect the driver from wind and weather. NOTE that this is a subtype of 'RoadVehicle'. A 'mountain bike' or a 'dune buggy' are still instances: though they can travel off-road. they can travel even better on a road. This includes the three-wheeled motorized non-enclosed vehicles called 'motorcycle trike' or 'trike': 'Riding a trike is easy once you grasp onto the concept. However, it's totally different from riding a motorcycle. Leaning is not of consequence on a trike...not really... whereas that is how you turn a motorcycle in normal curves...through leaning." SUMO: Motorcycle is the subclass of RoadVehicles that have two wheels one behind the other in the frame, upon which the rider sits on a seat above the engine. Corresponds a more general type than noun sense 1 of 'motorcycle' in WordNet, however in COSMO this is not restricted to 2-wheeled motorcyles, as 3-wheel versions are also called 'motorcyle' or 'motorcycle trike' and sometimes 'trike'; in WN 'trike' is restricted to non-motoized velocipedes.: in WordNet: 1. motorcycle, bike - (a motor vehicle with two wheels and a strong frame)
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c RoadVehicle^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c FuelPoweredDevice^c MountableTransporter^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value MotorcycleEngine^c
Sub-classes	MotorcycleTrike^c

MotorcycleEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotorcycleEngine`
Description	An Engine designed specifically for Motorcycle.
Super-classes	InternalCombustionEngine^c VehiclePart^c ManufacturedGoods^c

MotorcycleTrike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotorcycleTrike

Description

A three-wheeled motorized non-enclosed vehicle called 'motorcycle trike' or 'trike':

         'Riding a trike is easy once you grasp onto the concept. 
         However, it's totally different from riding a motorcycle.
         Leaning is not of consequence on a trike...not really...
         whereas that is how you turn a motorcycle in normal curves...through leaning."

Super-classes Motorcycle^c

Motorcyclist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motorcyclist`
Description	A ''Motorcyclist'' is a ''Rider'' (a Person) who controls and is transported by a ''Motocycle''. `The term 'biker' is not in WN, but is in RHW: RHW 'biker': 1. a person who rides a bicycle, motorcycle, or motorbike, esp. in competition or as a hobby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motorcyclist' in WordNet: 1. motorcyclist - (a traveler who rides a motorcycle)`
Super-classes	Rider^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op value RidingaMotorcycle^c performsAction^op value RidingaMotorcycle^c controlsManually^op value Motorcycle^c

Motormouth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Motormouth

Description

A ''Motormouth'' is an adult ''Chatterbox'', talking to other adults..

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motormouth' in WordNet:
        1. motormouth - (someone who talks incessantly; 'I wish that motormouth would shut up')

Super-classes HumanAdult^c
Chatterbox^c

Mound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mound`
Description	A 'Mound' is a Pile of SolidObjects that are not individualy large (large rocks at most), making a GranularSubstance that has been arranged in a Pile by some IntelligentAgent, and is located outdoors.. The kind of ''Pile'' made by the force of moving water or wind is represented as the sister type ''Drift' and its subtypes (''SandDune'', ''Snowdrift'' A Mound can be of rocks of varying size, or of more granular material such as a Mound of ''Soil''. This includes a Ptcher's mound, a burialmound,or any kind of ''Cairn'' made of rocks. `Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'mound' in WordNet: 3. (1) pile, heap, mound, agglomerate, cumulation, cumulus - (a collection of objects laid on top of each other) 4. mound, hill - (structure consisting of an artificial heap or bank usually of earth or stones; 'they built small mounds to hide behind')`
Super-classes	OutdoorObject^c Arrangement^c Pile^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only SolidObject^c wasCreatedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Embankment^c Cairn^c PitchersMound^c

MountableTransporter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountableTransporter`
Description	A #$MountableTransporter is a transporter that one 'rides' or 'rides on' but does not 'ride in'. This collection was originally created to enable the following sorts of natural language interpretations. Anyone who is said to 'ride' such an object is most likely to be the #$driverActor. If someone 'rides' a non #$MountableTransporter (e.g. a train) is most likely not a #$driverActor but a #$passengers. Positive exemplars include horses, jet skis, motorcycles, bicycles. Negative exemplars include cars, trains, planes. A borderline positive example is a skateboard. When one 'rides' a skateboard one is most likely the #$driverActor, but, unlike typical #$MountableTransporters, one is also most likely not sitting.
Super-classes	SupportingConveyance^c
Sub-classes	Toboggan^c SkateBoard^c Bicycle^c Unicycle^c Tricycle^c Motorcycle^c Scooter^c

Mountain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mountain`
Description	COSMO note: a Mountain is generally larger than a hill, but usage varies, so there is no subtype relation between them, and some overlap in usage. Cyc: A specialization of #$LandTopographicalFeature. Each instance of #$Mountain is a topographical feature of significantly higher elevation than its surrounding area. Mountains may occur individually or as part of a chain (see #$MountainRange). Instances of #$Mountain include #$MountEverest, #$MountLogan, and #$Kebnekaise-Sweden. NOTE 'peak' is included in RHW as a type of 'mountain' (with a pointed top) but is not in WN in that sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain' in WordNet: 1. (17) mountain, mount - (a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill)
Super-classes	HillOrMountain^c
Sub-classes	LongDormantVolcano^c Volcano^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Denali

MountainClimber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountainClimber`
Description	A ''MountainClimber'' is an ''Adventurer'' who climbs mountains (or scales high walls) for the thrill or challenge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain climber' in WordNet: 1. mountaineer, mountain climber - (someone who climbs mountains)`
Super-classes	Adventurer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MountainClimbing^c

MountainClimbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountainClimbing`
Description	A ''MountainClimber'' is an ''Adventurer'' who climbs mountains (or scales high walls) for the thrill or challenge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain climbing' in WordNet: 1. mountain climbing, mountaineering - (the activity of climbing a mountain) WN verb 'mountaineer': 1. mountaineer - (climb mountains for pleasure as a sport)`
Super-classes	Climbing-Recreational^c DaringToDoSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MountainClimber^c

MountainLion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountainLion

Description

The 'cougar' of North America .

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain lion' in Wordnet:
        1. cougar, puma, catamount, mountain lion, painter, panther, Felis concolor -
         (large American feline resembling a lion)

Super-classes BigCat^c

MountainRange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountainRange`
Description	A specialization of #$LandTopographicalFeature. Each instance of #$MountainRange is a natural group of mountains. Instances of #$MountainRange include the #$RockyMountains, #$Andes-Mountains, and #$Alps-Mountains. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain range' in WordNet: 1. range, mountain range, range of mountains, chain, mountain chain, chain of mountains - (a series of hills or mountains; 'the valley was between two ranges of hills'; 'the plains lay just beyond the mountain range')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c MajorTerrainFeature^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value Mountain^c
Sub-classes	Cordillera^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockyMountains http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Andes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alps http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AppalachianMountains http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Himalayas

Mountainous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mountainous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'mountainous' in Wordnet: 3. (1) mountainous - (containing many mountains)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Mountainside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mountainside`
Description	A ''Mountainside'' is the PhysicalObject that is the Sloped'' side surface of a ''Mountain'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountainside' in WordNet: 1. (2) mountainside, versant - (the side or slope of a mountain; 'conifer forests cover the eastern versant')`
Super-classes	Slope-Topographical^c OutdoorObject^c Ground^c Side^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Mountain^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sloped^c

Mounted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mounted`
Description	`NOTE: for 'mounted' on a Horse, use ''Horsemounted''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mounted' in Wordnet: 1. (2) mounted - (assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support)`
Super-classes	Attached^c

MountedPoliceman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountedPoliceman

Description

A ''MountedPoliceman''is a ''PoliceOfficer-Municipal'' who patrols on horseback i.e. is a ''HorsebackRider'' when working.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trooper' in WordNet:
         2. (1) trooper - (a mounted policeman)

Super-classes HorsebackRider^c
PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c

Mounting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mounting`
Description	A ''Mounting'' is a ''Framework'' (a support that can hold something in place without depending on gravity) that is used for displaying things. `This is something used to hold a SmallObject so that it can be moved from place to place and displayed, as in museums. The subtype 'Setting'' is a ''Mounting'' that is used to hold a gemstone for wearing on the person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mounting' in WordNet: 2. mounting - (framework used for support or display)`
Super-classes	Framework^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value DisplayingSomething^c isDesignedToHold^op value SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	JewelSetting^c

MountingAnObjectToaSupport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountingAnObjectToaSupport`
Description	''MountingAnObjectToaSupport'' is an ''Attaching'' of a SolidObject to a ''SupportingObject. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mount' in WordNet: 1. (10) mount - (attach to a support; 'They mounted the aerator on a floating')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c Assembling^c Attaching^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Mounted^c requiresResource^op value SupportingObject^c

MountingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountingSomething`
Description	''MountingSomething'' is the subtype of ''Climbing'' where the end result of the Climbing is that the cimber is on top of and supported by the thing climbed. This can be used for horses or stepstools. One does not usually go all the way to the top of a ladder, so this type is narrower than the broader meaning of WN 'climb3v' `resulting State: *climber isOnTopOf something Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'mount' in WordNet: 6. (3) climb, climb up, mount, go up - (go upward with gradual or continuous progress; 'Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?')`
Super-classes	Ambulation^c Climbing^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Ladder^c
Sub-classes	MountingaHorse^c

MountingaHorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountingaHorse`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mount' in WordNet: 5. (3) hop on, mount, mount up, get on, jump on, climb on, bestride - (get on the back of; "mount a horse")`
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c MountingSomething^c GoingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hadEndingState^op value BeingOnHorseback^c subjectHasAttributeAfter^op value Horsemounted^c causes^op value BeingOnHorseback^c

Mourner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mourner`
Description	A ''Mourner'' is any Person who is currently experiencing 'Grief'', i.e., is mourning (grieving) over some loss. `No WN sense for 'mourner'.`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Grief^c

Mouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mouse`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mouse' in WordNet: 1. (14) mouse - (any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails)
Super-classes	Vermin^c Rodent^c
Sub-classes	PeromyscusGenus^c HouseMouse^c

MouseTrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MouseTrap`
Description	A ''MouseTrap'' is a ''TrapDevice'' designed to trap a ''Mouse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mousetrap' in WordNet: 1. mousetrap - (a trap for catching mice)`
Super-classes	TrapDevice^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value TrappingMice^c

Mousse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mousse`
Description	A sweet dessert made with ''WhippedCream'', gelatin, and flavoring. This is one serving (any size) - an Object, not the substance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mousse' in WordNet: 1. mousse - (a rich, frothy, creamy dessert made with whipped egg whites and heavy cream)`
Super-classes	FoodConcoction^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value EggWhite^c hasComponentSubstance^op value HeavyCream^c

MousseDish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MousseDish`
Description	A sweet dessert made with ''WhippedCream'', gelatin, and flavoring, and (?optional) EgWhite. This is one serving (any size) - an Object, not the substance. `NOTE: 'salmon mousse' is a different, not yet represented type. NOTE: Is EggWhite necessary? RHW 'mousse': 1. Cookery. a. a sweetened dessert with whipped cream as a base, often stabilized with gelatin and chilled in a mold: chocolate mousse. b. an aspic, unsweetened and containing meat, vegetables, or fish: salmon mousse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mousse' in WordNet: 1. mousse - (a rich, frothy, creamy dessert made with whipped egg whites and heavy cream)`
Super-classes	DessertFood^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Mousse^c

Moustache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Moustache`
Description	Hair just above a man's upper lip and under the nose, but it may extend at the edges, as in a 'Fu Manchu' moustache. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moustache' in Wordnet: 1. mustache, moustache - (an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip; 'he looked younger after he shaved off his mustache')`
Super-classes	MobOfHair-Mammal^c FacialHair^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Person^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c isDesignedToCover^op value UpperLip^c
Sub-classes	PencilMoustache^c HandlebarMoustache^c EnglishMoustache^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsMoustache

Mouth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mouth`
Description	CYC: The collection of all animal mouths. A mouth is a container #$AnimalBodyPart of an #$Animal. It has an opening (a #$Portal) to the region outside the organism. Through that opening, the animal ingests tangible substances from the environment, such as food, water, air, etc. Additional activities, such as #$Chewing, may occur in the #$Mouth, and it may participate in other activities such as talking, kissing, etc. `SUMO: Part of the Face, used for Ingesting Food and Vocalizing. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'mouth' in WordNet: 1. (49) mouth, oral cavity, oral fissure, rima oris - (the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; 'he stuffed his mouth with candy') 2. (12) mouth - (the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; 'she wiped lipstick from her mouth')`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c ExternalOrifice^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c

Mouthful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mouthful`
Description	A ''Mouthful'' is a ''SmallAmount'' (of Food) that can be conveniently contained in the mouth to be eaten or drunk as one edible portion. `This concept is also represented as ''Mouthful'', an instance of ''ContainerFull'', which is a UnitOfMeasure. This type allows subtypes and more expressive descriptions. For solid foods, the subtype 'OneBite' might be more appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mouthful' in WordNet: 1. (1) mouthful - (the quantity that can be held in the mouth)`
Super-classes	ContainerFull^c ApproximateQuantity^c
Restrictions	isaMeasureOf^op value FoodOrDrink^c isTheQuantityThatWillFillA^op value Mouth^c
Sub-classes	OneBite^c

Mouthpiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mouthpiece`
Description	A ''Mouthpiece'' is a ''Aperture'' in some ''ArtifactObject'' that is designed to come in contact with the ''Mouth'' of a Person to enable or allow some gases to come into or go out of the Mouth, or both. This is the parent for mores specialized types of ''Mouthpiece'', such as the one used on ''WindInstrument-Musical''s `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mouthpiece' in WordNet: 1. (1) mouthpiece - (a part that goes over or into the mouth of a person; 'the mouthpiece of a respirator')`
Super-classes	OpeningInAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Exhaling^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Inhaling^c
Sub-classes	TelephoneMouthpiece^c WindInstrumentMouthpiece^c

Mouthwash^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mouthwash

Description

The liquid stuff used for cleaning and disinfecting the mouth.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mouthwash' in WordNet:
          1. gargle, mouthwash - (a medicated solution used for gargling and rinsing the mouth)

Super-classes AqueousSolution^c
ToiletrySubstance^c

Movable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Movable`
Description	''Movable'' is the attribute of a PhysicalObject that can be moved from place to place. For objects that can move under ther own power, use subattribute ''Mobile''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'movable' in Wordnet: 1. movable - ((of personal property as opposed to real estate) can be moved from place to place (especially carried by hand)) 2. movable, moveable, transferable, transferrable, transportable - (capable of being moved or conveyed from one place to another)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Mobile^c Portable^c

MoveableHoliday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoveableHoliday`
Description	COSMOnote: In SUMO, Holiday is a time interval, in Cyc an Event. This type is the SUMO time interval. A MovableHoliday is the subtype of ''HolidayTime''s that are observed as holidays by a particular name and identity, but do not fall on the same date every year. An example is Thanksgiving Day in the USA, which falls on the last 'Thursday' of each November. MoveableHoliday is the class of Holidays whose observance is not fixed to recurrences of any particular calendar day. For example, Memorial Day is observed on the last Monday of May. Another Example: RHW: Rosh Hashanah a Jewish high holy day that marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year, celebrated on the first and second days of Tishri by Orthodox and Conservative Jews and only on the first day by Reform Jews. The WN synset for 'moveable feast' comes closest to this, but this type includes holidays that are not religious. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moveable feast' in WordNet: 1. movable feast, moveable feast - (a religious holiday that falls on different dates in different years)
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c HolidayTime^c
Sub-classes	Thanksgiving^c Passover^c EasterHoliday^c

Movement-Periodic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Movement-Periodic`
Description	A specialization of #$MovementEvent. Each instance of #$Movement-Periodic is a movement event in which the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving) returns repeatedly to a certain location or orientation at more or less regular time intervals. Examples of #$Movement-Periodic include the motion of a seesaw one afternoon, the dribbling of a basketball in place by Magic Johnson, and the motion of a slinky going down a staircase as it periodically changes its orientation through a fixed, repetive series of orientations.
Super-classes	Motion^c
Sub-classes	Translation-Periodic^c Rotation-Periodic^c

Movement-TranslationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Movement-TranslationEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$Translocation. Each instance of #$Movement-TranslationEvent is an event in which an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting) moves some distance (so that at some point in the event, the object's center of mass changes location with respect to the relevant frame of reference). The moving object need not move completely out of its original spatial extent; for example, a building moving one foot to the left undergoes a #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent include events in which the movement ends in the same place it started from (e.g. one lap of a race car around the Indianapolis race track, or a trip to the grocery store and back). In such cases (all of which are instances of the specialization #$Translation-NoLocationChange), the to and from locations of the movement (see the predicates #$toLocation and #$fromLocation) are identical. In other cases of #$Movement-TranslationEvent (e.g. the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by Roger Maris), the to and from locations are different; in these cases, the movement events are also instances of #$Translation-LocationChange (q.v.). `@ToDo the relation of this Event to 'DistanceTravelled'`
Super-classes	Translocation^c
Sub-classes	MovingApart^c PassingThroughOrBySomething^c CyclicMovement^c Translation-LocationChange^c Flick^c Translation-Complete^c FillingEvent^c Translation-SingleTrajectory^c CrossingAnOcean^c CrossingAGap^c Runoff^c LocomotionEvent^c Translation-MultiTrajectory^c TranslationAlongASurface^c Wandering^c Movement-TranslationProcess^c EmittingStuff^c CrossingABorder^c Emanating^c EnteringOrExitingSomething^c FluidFlow-Translation^c

Movement-TranslationProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Movement-TranslationProcess`
Description	This is formally an Event, not a FunctionalProcess, but it represents 'process' of being in motion in some manner. Cyc:#$Movement-TranslationProcess is the subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvents whose instances can be pragmatically considered to be continuous processes. In any instance of #$Movement-TranslationProcess, all time-slices of that process are also themselves instances of #$Movement-TranslationProcess. Note that walking is a type of #$Movement-TranslationProcess, even though it involves some nonzero accelerations and jerks. A non-example would be a plot of the various residences you've lived in (''moved to'') over the course of your lifetime; another non-example would be Captain Kirk beaming up to the Enterprise; another would be the ''tunneling'' of an electron in a tunnel diode.
Super-classes	MovementProcess^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	ScatteringaSubstance^c MovementThroughAir^c ReversingRotation^c RollingEvent^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c Diffusing^c ScatteringObjects^c ShuttlingBackAndForth^c FullRotation^c Acceleration^c SpatteringaSubstance^c

MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovementOrShapeChangeEvent`
Description	A specialization of Event specific to Cyc: Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent whose instances include translational or rotational movements of whole objects (see #$MovementEvent), objects changing shape (see #$ShapeChangeEvent), as well as events in which salient parts of an object move or change shape in relation to the reference frame of the whole object. For example, although a ticking grandfather clock is not normally undergoing either a #$MovementEvent or a #$ShapeChangeEvent, it can still be said to be moving - and thus undergoing a #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent - in virtue of the fact that a salient part of the clock, the pendulum, is swinging. (Of course, the pendulum itself is periodically undergoing #$Movement-Rotation, and the tip of the pendulum is undergoing a #$Movement-TranslationEvent.) As a negative example, a catatonic person should not be thought of as undergoing any #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent. Although blood moves through such a person's veins, her lungs expand and contract, and so on, these things would not normally be considered salient enough to entail that the person herself was undergoing a movement or shape change event.
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	ShapeChange^c BodyMovementEvent^c Flow^c FluidFlowEvent^c EnclosingSomething^c Motion^c Drifting^c FramingaPicture^c

MovementProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovementProcess`
Description	COSMO note: Note that in Cyc a 'Process' is a type of Event in which temporal parts of the Event are of similar type to the whole Event. In COSMO, a 'Process' has a different nature - but because of the potential for confusion, the base COSMO process is called 'FunctionalProcess'. The present category represents moving events, not a FunctionalProcess. Name change needed? This distinction among events as continuous or composite is not maintained in COSMO, but in the case of Motion may have special utility and is therefore used here in COSMO version 0.3. `Cyc: A specialization of #$MovementEvent ('Motion' in COSMO) and an instance of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance MOTION of #$MovementProcess is a movement event that can be considered as a continuous motion. That is, (i) motion happens without interruption throughout MOTION and thus (ii) every time-slice of MOTION is itself a #$MovementProcess.`
Super-classes	Motion^c
Sub-classes	Movement-TranslationProcess^c

MovementThroughAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovementThroughAir`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent that follow a complete trajectory through the air. [See #$TrajectoryThroughAir, #$trajectory-Complete.]
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationProcess^c
Sub-classes	Gliding^c FlyingAction^c BallisticMovementInAir^c

Mover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mover`
Description	CYC The collection of people who work for a moving company as the heavy laborers, the people who actually do the moving of objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mover' in WordNet: 1. (3) mover - (workman employed by a moving company; 'the movers were very careful with the grand piano')`
Super-classes	Workman^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MovingHouseholdStuff^c

Movie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Movie`
Description	The propositional content of Any motion picture, fictional or factual.. This is not the physical object: not a strip of film, not a DVD, etc., but the abstract content. This is broader than the commercial 'Movie' and can include any abstract video clip, in a digital camera, cell phone, youTube clip, or video file, etc. See also 'AbstractVideo' for an abstract representation of video images (with or without sound). Every 'Movie' has at least one 'MovieClip', a series of AbstractImages representing something over some interval of time. In Cyc called 'Movie-CW' A specialization of #$VideoConceptualWork. Each instance of #$Movie-CW is an abstract work whose performances are instances of #$MovieShowing. Notable instances are #$CitizenKane-TheMovie and #$StarWars-TheMovie. Corresponds to only part of noun sense of 'movie' in WordNet, the ConceptualWork. For the Event of a Movie 'show' playing on some screen use 'MovieShowing' (or more specifically at a theater, use 'MovieShowingAtaTheater'): in WordNet: 1. (27) movie, film, picture, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show, picture show, pic, flick - (a form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement; 'they went to a movie every Saturday night'; 'the film was shot on location')
Super-classes	FictionalContext^c ConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value Story^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some Event^c hasPart^op value MovieClip^c
Sub-classes	WesternMovie^c AdventureMovie^c DocumentaryMovie^c RomanceMovie^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JFK-TheMovie

MovieClip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieClip`
Description	A 'SeriesOfImages' that is ordered so as to represent motion (or stillness) of objects, which can be a whole 'Movie' or a portion of a Movie. The images in this case must be ordered so as to represent a time series of images of some object or location. The time interval between the scenes represented in successive images and the rate at which the rerpesented time progresses can be any values chosen by its creator (sped up, slowed down, real time, or imaginary time). `A typical 'Movie' will have more than one such MovieClip segmented together to present a story.`
Super-classes	SeriesOfImages^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only AbstractImage^c
Sub-classes	Footage^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JFKgettingShot

MovieCredits^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieCredits`
Description	Each ''MovieCredits'' is a ''Recognition'' of the GroupOfPeople that participated in the creation of a ''Movie'', represented as a ''List'' that is typically displayed at the end of the ''Movie''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'credits' in WordNet: 1. credits - (a list of acknowledgements of those who contributed to the creation of a film (usually run at the end of the film))`
Super-classes	Recognition^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Movie^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value List^c

MovieDirector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieDirector`
Description	A Person who has directed at least one 'Movie' `Called 'Director-Movie' in Cyc: Cyc: An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$Director-Movie is a person responsible for the development of the production of a film. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'director' in WordNet: 4. film director, director - (the person who directs the making of a film)`
Super-classes	Leader^c EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional^c Artist^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value DirectingMovies^c isaMemberOf^op value ProductionCrew^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OliverStone

MovieFilm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieFilm`
Description	A 'MovieFilm'' is an ''ExposedFilmSheet'' in the form of a ''Tape'' containing a series of ''Photograph'' produced by ''FilmingaMovie''. This (arbitrarily) requires at least 5 images to form a 'movie'. `NOTE: there is no unambiguous Wordnet synset representing the physical strip of film containing a ''movie'. This takes part of the 'celluloid' definition. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'celluloid' in WordNet: 2. film, cinema, celluloid - (a medium that disseminates moving pictures; 'theater pieces transferred to celluloid'; 'this story would be good cinema'; 'film coverage of sporting events')`
Super-classes	ExposedFilmSheet^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c Tape^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 5 isProducedByEventType^op value FilmingaMovie^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value PhotographicFilm^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Movie^c wasCreatedByEvent^op value FilmingaMovie^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Event^c

MoviePerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoviePerformance`
Description	A 'MoviePerformance' is a 'DramaticPerformance' that is The ''Action'' in which live actors execute the lines and actions in a ''Screenplay'', while their actions are recorded on some recording medium (analog, digital or other). `The actual recording is a PhysicalObject.`
Super-classes	DramaticPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op only Movie^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Screenplay^c

MoviePreview^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoviePreview`
Description	A ''MoviePreview'' is an ''AbstractVideo'' that is an 'Advertisement' for a ''Movie' containing short segments of the Movie (''MovieClip''s) being advertised, along with other information about the Movie. This may be played for presentation on Television or in a 'coming attractions' presentation in a movie theater, usually before the 'main attraction' movie. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preview' in WordNet: 1. preview, prevue, trailer - (an advertisement consisting of short scenes from a motion picture that will appear in the near future)`
Super-classes	Publicity^c AbstractVideo^c Advertisement^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MovieClip^c hasExecutionEvent^op value BroadcastAdvertisement^c hasPart^op value MovieClip^c

MovieProducer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieProducer`
Description	A ''MovieProducer'' is a professional ''ShowProducer'' who organizes and finds financing for a ''Movie'' of any kind - short, long, commercial or documentary. This includes 'producers' who work in an organization where the source of financing is actually arranged by someone else, but who organize the production. This does not include individuals who create a movie or digital video with no need for financing - so not everyone who creates a ''Movie'' is a ''MovieProducer''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'film producer' in WordNet: 1. film maker, filmmaker, film producer, movie maker - (a producer of motion pictures)`
Super-classes	ShowProducer^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some ProducingaShow^c

MovieProductionCrew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieProductionCrew`
Description	A ''MovieProductionCrew'' is a ''ProductionCrew'' that includes all the people involved in making some ''Movie''.
Super-classes	ProductionCrew^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value Movie^c typicallyWorksAt^op value StageOrSet^c

MovieRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieRecord`
Description	A 'MovieRecord' is the abstract symbolic content of a 'Movie' (motion picture), which has been recorded or represented in any physical medium. The Event that is recorded is a 'MoviePerformance'.
Super-classes	PerformanceRecord^c

MovieShowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieShowing`
Description	A 'MovieShowing' is a ''ActionShowing'' in which a Movie (or part of a Movie or any other pre-recorded scenes of some Event) is played out, on a screen, TV, or any other means for displaying the sequence of actions depicted in a Movie. For shows of live events use parent 'ActionShowing''. CYC: The collection of all #$InformationBearingWavePropagations which are sequences of images and (usually) sounds produced when a recorded instantiation of a #$Movie-CW is played for an audience with a #$MediaPlayingDevice such as a #$MovieProjector or a #$DVDPlayer. Corresponds to only part of noun sense of 'movie' in WordNet, the Event of a Movie being shown. For the abstract ConceptualWork, use 'Movie': in WordNet: 1. (27) movie, film, picture, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show, picture show, pic, flick - (a form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement; 'they went to a movie every Saturday night'; 'the film was shot on location')
Super-classes	InformationBearingWavePropagation^c
Sub-classes	MovieShowingAtATheater^c

MovieShowingAtATheater^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieShowingAtATheater

Description

A MovieShowing that is projected on a screen at a Theater. This requires a projector and a passive screen, so a Movie playing on a large LCD or other display in a home theater or on a large signboard such as at a stadium are not instances of this Event type.

    CYC: See mts for different perspectives of this event.

Super-classes MovieShowing^c
IBTGeneration^c
RecreationalActivity^c
InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c
EntertainmentEvent^c

MovieSoundTrack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieSoundTrack`
Description	This ''SoundTrack'' is the abstract ''SoundRecording'' that is recorded while filming a ''Movie'' or is added subsequently, as in ''Dubbing'' a movie with a language differing from that originally recorded in making that Movie. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soundtrack' in WordNet: 1. (2) soundtrack - (sound recording on a narrow strip of a motion picture film)`
Super-classes	SoundTrack^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Movie^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value SoundRecording^c

MovieStar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieStar

Description

A successful movie actor or actress. They are usually famous and rich.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'movie star' in WordNet:
         1. (2) film star, movie star - (a star who plays leading roles in the cinema)

Super-classes StarEntertainer^c
ActorInMovies^c

MovieTheaterSpace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovieTheaterSpace

Description

The space known as a movie theatre or a cinema. Not the organization. This can be part of a building, and is a PhysicalObject, not a Region of space.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cinema' in WordNet:
          2. cinema, movie theater, movie theatre, movie house, picture palace -
            (a theater where films are shown)

Super-classes PlaceOfBusiness^c
MultiRoomUnit^c

MovingApart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingApart`
Description	''MovingApart'' is a Motion performed by two or more PhysicalObjects that causes the distance between them to increase. `,`
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c SeparationEvent^c Translation-SingleTrajectory^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value ConvexHullVolume^c causes^op value VolumeIncrease^c causesIncreaseIn^op value Distance^c isPerformedBy^op value ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	ScatteringObjects^c ScatteringApart^c

MovingAwayFromSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingAwayFromSomething`
Description	In each 'MovingAwayFromSomething' Event, one Entity (usually an Object) moves in a translational Motion in a direction away from some Object or Location - i.e. the distance between the two entities involved increases. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'receding' in WordNet: 2. receding, recession - (the act of becoming more distant)`
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionAwayFrom^op some GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	MovingOutOfaContainer^c

MovingBetweenThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingBetweenThings`
Description	''MovingBetweenThings'' is a ''Translation-SingleTrajectory'' in which the 'things' moved between are two identifiable distinct physicalObjects or two ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''s, whereas in the parent type a motion can be described without secifying any change in the type of thing throught which the motion occurs The startig and ending place can be specified, but the thing passed though (perhaps just a nominal dividing line) can be omitted, or can be specified by the relation ''hasThingPassedThrough''..
Super-classes	Translation-SingleTrajectory^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some (GenericLocation^c or PhysicalSpaceRegion^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c or PhysicalSpaceRegion^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or LocationType^c) hasStartingPlace^op some (GenericLocation^c or PhysicalSpaceRegion^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c or PhysicalSpaceRegion^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	EnteringOrExitingSomething^c

MovingByLifting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingByLifting`
Description	`NOTE: this is a 'lifting' that uses the Hand''(s) and results in moving an object from one location and putting it down in another. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lift' in WordNet: 2. (10) lift - (take hold of something and move it to a different location; 'lift the box onto the table')`
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Grasping^c hadObjectMoved^op value PortableObject^c hasSubEvent^op value RaisingByHand^c

MovingFluidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingFluidObject`
Description	A ''MovingFluidObject'' is a ''MovingObject'' that is a ''FluidObject''.
Super-classes	FluidObject^c MovingObject^c
Sub-classes	MovingLiquidObject^c

MovingHouseholdStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingHouseholdStuff`
Description	Each ''MovingHouseholdStuff'' is a ''Shipping'' Event in which the thing transported is typically household ''Belongings'' like furniture and decorative items and memorabilia. All or part of the transportation is performed using a''Truck''.
Super-classes	Shipping^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Mover^c usedDevice^op value Truck^c hadThingTransferred^op value Belongings^c

MovingInSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingInSpace`
Description	A ''MovingInSpace'' is an Event in which some object - a spacecraft or astronomical object, moves through outer space.
Super-classes	ForwardMotion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpace^c

MovingInaLoop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingInaLoop`
Description	''MovingInaLoop'' is a ''Translation-Periodic'' in which some FluidObject moves around conduit in a loop-like path and returns to the original point, in some cases having had some attributes changed during the circuit, with or without returning to their original values.. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'circulate' in WordNet: 4. (1) circulate - (move through a space, circuit or system, returning to the starting point; 'Blood circulates in my veins'; 'The air here does not circulate')`
Super-classes	Translation-Periodic^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (FluidObject^c or FluidType^c) typicallyOccursInside^op value LoopedPathway^c occursAt^op some LocationType^c typicallyOccursInside^op value FluidConduit^c
Sub-classes	BloodCirculation^c

MovingLinearly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingLinearly

Description

A 'MotionAttribute' that specifies that the object is undergoing a translation process (with or without a Rotating process) that results in a 'Movement-TranslationEvent' event, i.e. it is undergoing a linear motion that results in a change in the location of the center of gravity. Rotating motion is represented separately as 'Rotating'.

   Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'moving' in WordNet;
   it is unclear if the WordNet sense includes rotation, but this
   type requires some translation, with or without rotation.   in WordNet:
   1. (9) moving - (in motion;
     'a constantly moving crowd'; 'the moving parts of the machine')

Super-classes MotionAttribute^c

MovingLiquidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingLiquidObject`
Description	A ''MovingLiquidObject'' is a ''MovingFluidObject'' that is a ''LiquidObject''.
Super-classes	MovingFluidObject^c LiquidObject^c
Sub-classes	DischargedLiquid^c MovingWater^c

MovingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is moving in some way. `This includes photons (which have mass though not rest mass) as in a 'Rebounding'' Event that is ..`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c MovingThing^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent^op value Motion^c
Sub-classes	MovingTrain^c FlyingObject^c RotatingObject^c MovingFluidObject^c

MovingOnOrUnderWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingOnOrUnderWater`
Description	A ''MovingOnOrUnderWater'' is a convenience type that is a union of ''MovingUnderWater'' and ''MovingOnTheWaterSurface''.
Super-classes	ForwardMotion^c
Sub-classes	MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c MovingUnderWater^c

MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingOnTheWaterSurface`
Description	A ''MovingOnTheWaterSurface'' is an Event in which some object - fish, boat, person, torpedo, moves on the surface of a BodyOfWater.
Super-classes	MovingOnOrUnderWater^c TranslationAlongASurface^c
Restrictions	occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value WaterSurface^c
Sub-classes	WindSurfing^c Wakeboarding^c BoatMovingInWaterEvent^c Swimming^c Surfing^c

MovingOutOfaContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingOutOfaContainer`
Description	''MovingOutOfaContainer'' is a 'MovingAwayFromSomething' Event, in which the location wasy from which the motion occurs is a physical ''Container''.
Super-classes	MovingAwayFromSomething^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionAwayFrom^op some Container^c
Sub-classes	ExitingOfFluidFromaContainer^c

MovingSlowly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingSlowly

Description

''MovingSlowly'' is subattribute of ''MovingLinearly'' that characterizes objects including animals and streams that are moving morelslowly than the typical thing of its type.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sluggish' in Wordnet:
      1. (2) sluggish, sulky - (with little movement; very slow; 'a sluggish stream')

Super-classes MotionAttribute^c

MovingThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingThing`
Description	A 'MovingThing'' is anything that is in the process of changing location, notably ''MovingObject''s (physical objects in motion) or 'waves' (see ''WavePropagationevent''). Other things are not excluded. `..`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent^op value Motion^c hasAttributeValue^op some DirectionMeasure^c
Sub-classes	MovingObject^c

MovingThroughTheAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingThroughTheAir`
Description	A ''MovingThroughTheAir'' is an Event in which some object - plane, helicopter, bird, dirigible, moves through the air - not necessarily outdoors.
Super-classes	ForwardMotion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c

MovingToaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingToaPlace`
Description	Each ''MovingToaPlace'' is the final stage of ''ChangeOfResidence'' in which the Person changing residence arrives at the location of the new residence, and starts ''Residing'' there. This represents one sense of 'populate' which is the action taken by people to move to a place and reside there. A second sense, representing the action of some authority who creates a policy to encourage people to move to and reside in some place, is represented by ''PopulatingaPlace''. `This Action usually increases the population density of the new place of residence, but if this action merely displaces or replaces existing residents, the population density may not increase. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'populate' in WordNet: 1. (7) people, populate - (furnish with people; 'The plains are sparsely populated')`
Super-classes	ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value ChangeOfResidence^c isPerformedBy^op min 2 starts^op value Residing^c

MovingTowardSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingTowardSomething`
Description	In each 'MovingTowardSomething' Event, one Entity (usually an Object) moves in a translational Motion in the direction of some Object or Location. The moving Object is often a agent, but can be any Object that is moving in a specific direction. The direction of motion in this type is defined by some Object or Place that the moving object is getting closer to. When a moving Object is getting near to another Object or Place, that would be an instance of the subtype 'Approaching'. The location or object or Place toward which the Motion is directed must be specified as the value of the relation 'isInTheDirectionOf'. Includes noun sense 2 and verb sense 1 of 'approach' in WordNet: 2. (9) approach, approaching, coming - (the act of drawing spatially closer to something; 'the hunter's approach scattered the geese') WN verb 'approach': 1. (46) approach, near, come on, go up, draw near, draw close, come near - (move towards; 'We were approaching our destination'; 'They are drawing near'; 'The enemy army came nearer and nearer')
Super-classes	Translation-Complete^c Translation-LocationChange^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op some GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	Approaching^c

MovingTrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingTrain`
Description	A ''MovingTrain'' is a ''Train-TransportationDevice'' that is travelling on a ''Railway''
Super-classes	MovingObject^c Train-TransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Railway^c isDesignedToTransport^op value Cargo^c

MovingTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingTransportationDevice`
Description	A Group of 'TransportationDevice-Vehicle' in motion (not parked). This type is created to enable the definition of 'Traffic'. NOTE that a 'TransportationDevice-Vehicle' that is stuck in traffic is still considered as a 'MovingTransportationDevice' because it is not parked, and will go when the traffic permits.
Super-classes	TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MovingLinearly^c

MovingTransportationDevices^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingTransportationDevices`
Description	A Group of 'MovingTransportationDevice's. This type is created to enable the definition of 'Traffic'.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MovingTransportationDevice^c

MovingUnderWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingUnderWater`
Description	A ''MovingUnderWater'' is an Event in which some object - fish, boat, person, torpedo, moves under the surface of a BodyOfWater.
Super-classes	MovingOnOrUnderWater^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Boat^c occursAt^op value UnderWater^c
Sub-classes	SwimmingUnderwater^c

MovingWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingWater`
Description	A ''MovingWater''is a ''WaterObject'' that is moving noticeably (a ''MovingLiquidObject'') relative to some SolidObject. This can be for large or small amounts of MovingWater, from Water flowing in a hosehold pripe to large sea waves.
Super-classes	WaterObject^c MovingLiquidObject^c GenericAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InMotion^c movesRelativeTo^op some SolidObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Whirlpool^c WaterWave^c FlowingWater^c

MovingWithTheHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MovingWithTheHand`
Description	'MovingWithTheHand' is a 'HoldingWithHand' in which the hand(s) hold and move some Object in some way; the type of motion can be of any kind, translational, rotational, or moving some part of an Object, such as a ''ControlLever''
Super-classes	GrippingWithHands^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value SolidObject^c causes^op value Motion^c
Sub-classes	HandlingAnObjectEasily^c

Mowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mowing`
Description	''Mowing'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' that cuts a grass-like plant, with a specialized device like a scythe or lawnmower. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mow' in WordNet: 1. (1) mow, cut down - (cut with a blade or mower; 'mow the grass')`
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Plant^c

Mozzarella^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mozzarella`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mozzarella' in WordNet: 1. mozzarella - (mild white Italian cheese)`
Super-classes	Cheese^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value White^c hasTaste^op value MildTasting^c

Much^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Much`
Description	'Much' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues (linguistically in the comparative form) to create new QualitativeAttributeValues that are at a very high level in intensity of the intensity scale of that QualitativeAttributeValue. In English linguistic expressions, it usually precedes an adjective in the comparative form: 'much larger'; 'much taller'. This sense is technically less intensive than 'VeryMuch', but there is considerable overlap in meaning. `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'much' in WordNet: 1. (95) much - (to a great degree or extent; 'she's much better now')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Widely^c

Much-needed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Much-needed`
Description	''Much-needed'' is a more intensive subtype of 'Necessary' for objects or Actions that are very much required, but not ''Essential''.
Super-classes	Necessary^c

Mucilage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mucilage`
Description	A type of 'Gum' that is used for ''Bonding''. he term 'mucilage' may be used for glue made from animalmaterial, but here it is more specifically a plant-derived ''Gum''. `See 'glue'' for themore general term. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'mucilage' in WordNet: 1. mucilage - (a gelatinous substance secreted by plants) 2. glue, gum, mucilage - (cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive)`
Super-classes	Gum^c Adhesive^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Bonding^c

Mucus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mucus`
Description	CYC: The collection of oozy, slimy secretion found in many different places in and on one's body, including in your nose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mucus' in WordNet: 1. (2) mucus, mucous secretion - (protective secretion of the mucous membranes; in the gut it lubricates the passage of food and protects the epithelial cells; in the nose and throat and lungs it can make it difficult for bacteria to penetrate the body through the epithelium)`
Super-classes	Secretion-Bodily^c BodySubstance^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	NasalMucus^c Phlegm^c

Mud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mud`
Description	A SemiSolidSubstance in which the solid component is Soil (dirt) and the liquid component is water. Its salient characteristic outside of agriculture and transportation on dirt roads is that it soils clothing, shoes, and anything that are placed in it or that mud-soaked shoes come in contact with. In a domestic setting it is associated with soiled things that need cleaning. Mud is usually found in the Ground, but asa a Substance it cannot have a location (@ToDO - how to express where substances are found?). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mud' in WordNet: 1. (23) mud, clay - (water soaked soil; soft wet earth)`
Super-classes	LandStuff^c SemiSolidSubstance^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Soil^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Water^c

Muddied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muddied

Description

Having mud clnging to it, as a shoe worn while waking through mud.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'muddy' in WordNet:
           2. (1) mucky, muddy - (dirty and messy; covered with mud or muck; 'muddy boots'; 'a mucky stable')

Super-classes Wet^c
Dirty^c

Muddy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muddy

Description

A quality of soil that is so wet that a person walking in it will sink to some noticeable depth, with the feet getting wet in the process.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'muddy' in WordNet:
          1. (7) boggy, marshy, miry, mucky, muddy, quaggy, sloppy, sloughy,
            soggy, squashy, swampy, waterlogged - ((of soil) soft and watery;
            'the ground was boggy under foot'; 'a marshy coastline'; 'miry roads';
            'wet mucky lowland'; 'muddy barnyard'; 'quaggy terrain'; 
            'the sloughy edge of the pond'; 'swampy bayous')

Super-classes Wet^c

Muffin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muffin`
Description	A '''Muffin''' is a ''BreadObject'' made of sweet ''QuickBread''. RHW: 1. an individual cup-shaped quick bread made with wheat flour, cornmeal, or the like, and baked in a pan (muffin pan) containing a series of cuplike forms. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muffin' in WordNet: 1. muffin, gem - (a sweet quick bread baked in a cup-shaped pan)`
Super-classes	BreadObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value QuickBread^c

MuffinPan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuffinPan`
Description	A pan used for baking muffins, with 6 to 12 little basins in it which hold the muffins.
Super-classes	BakingDish^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BakingMuffins^c

Muffled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muffled

Description

This sense of ''Muffled'' is for the result of a ''MufflingaSound'' Action that reduces the intensity or lowers the pitch of some sound, whether a voice or a sound from some device like a ''MusicalInstrument-Acoustic''. For an ElectricDevice that has been completely silenced, use ''Muted''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'muted' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) hushed, muted, subdued, quiet - (in a softened tone; 
               'hushed voices'; 'muted trumpets'; 'a subdued whisper'; 'a quiet reprimand')
          2. dull, muffled, muted, softened - (being or made softer or less loud or clear; 
             'the dull boom of distant breaking waves'; 'muffled drums'; 
             'the muffled noises of the street'; 'muted trumpets')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Changed^c

Muffler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muffler`
Description	This is the 'Muffler' on a vehicle powered by an InternalCombustionEngine. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muffler' in WordNet: 1. (2) silencer, muffler - (a tubular acoustic device inserted in the exhaust system that is designed to reduce noise)`
Super-classes	VehiclePart^c AcousticDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value MufflingaSound^c isConnectedTo^op value InternalCombustionEngine^c

MufflingaSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MufflingaSound`
Description	''MufflingaSound'' is a ''ReducingIntensity'' in which the intensity some ''Sound'' is decreased. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'muffle' in WordNet: 2. muffle, mute, dull, damp, dampen, tone down - (deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping)`
Super-classes	ReducingIntensity^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Sound^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Muffled^c
Sub-classes	MutingaDevice^c QuietingDown^c

Mufti^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mufti

Description

A specialization of both #$Cleric and #$Judge. Each instance of #$Mufti is a religious leader in #$Islam who deals with questions of jurisprudence. A #$Mufti is the only type of religious leader who can issue a #$Fatwa, which gives him the power of handling cases where there is doubt among other authorities. The Arabic root for 'mufti' and 'fatwa' is the same: f-t-w.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mufti' in WordNet:
          1. mufti - (a jurist who interprets Muslim religious law)

Super-classes Jurist^c
MuslimPerson^c
Judge^c
Cleric^c

Mulch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mulch`
Description	'Mulch'' is a ''VegetableMatter'' that is ''FinelyDivided'' and ''Decayed'', and is used to create a protective layer over soil around the base of a Plant(s) that has been planted in a garden or farm. NOTE: In WN and RHW a 'covering' can be either a covering material or some quantity of that material in a layer. NOTE: the WN sense of 'mulch' suggests it is the covering made of this substance, and no distinction is made for the substances and the covering made of substance. This type represents the substance; for the covering (using a layer of this substance) use ''MulchLayer''. Corresponds to part (for a the substance 'mulch') of noun sense 1 of 'mulch' in WordNet: 1. (5) mulch - (a protective covering of rotting vegetable matter spread to reduce evaporation and soil erosion)
Super-classes	VegetableMatter^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value FinelyDivided^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Decayed^c

MulchLayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MulchLayer`
Description	A ''MulchLayer'' is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' consisting of '''Mulch'', placed over the surface of some ''SoilObject'', typically the top layer of soil located around Plant(s) that was planted in a garden or farm. `Corresponds to part (for a layer of ''Mulch'') of noun sense 1 of 'mulch' in WordNet: 1. (5) mulch - (a protective covering of rotting vegetable matter spread to reduce evaporation and soil erosion)`
Super-classes	Layer^c ProtectiveSystem^c SolidObject^c OrganicMaterialObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value SoilObject^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Mulch^c

Mule^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mule

Description

CYC: The collection of all mules; a subset of #$EquineAnimal. Elements of #$Mule are the infertile hybrid offspring of a horse father and a donkey mother. Mules are presumed to be elements of #$DomesticatedAnimal, used for draught or riding. (An offspring of a donkey father and horse mother is called a jenny, and is recognizably distinct from the larger mule.) See also #$Horse, #$Donkey.

        SUMO: The product of a Male Donkey and a Female 
          Horse.  Mules are always sterile.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet:
           1. (3) mule - (hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile)

Super-classes HoofedMammal^c
DomesticatedAnimal^c
EquineAnimal^c

Mullah^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mullah

Description

Mullah derives from the old Arabian word MAWLA, which denotes either the slave or the master (cf. http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/reference/glossary/term.MAWLA.html). In the extended sense, it means a Muslim teacher of religion, who has interpretive authority over the Qur'an, Hadith and the other bodies of Islam's religious knowledge. Notice that due to the intertwined relationship of religion, politics and social policy in Islam, the religious rulings of a Mullah can have massive socio-political consequences.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mullah' in Wordnet:
           1. Mullah, Mollah, Mulla - (a Muslim trained in the doctrine and law of Islam; 
              the head of a mosque)

Super-classes MuslimPerson^c
Cleric^c

MultiAgentAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiAgentAction`
Description	An Action that is characterized by the participation of at least two Agents. This is very broad, and the 'Agents' can be any instance of GenericAgent. For the ineraction of multiple Entities that are not Agents, use 'Interacting' or some subtype. A 'MultiAgentAction' is not necessarily an 'Interacting', since the agents involved may not be changed in a significant way. NOTE that the restriction allows the multiple agents involved to be listed as a Group (AgentGroup), or individually (Agent) - this is for clarity of meaning, as an 'AgentGroup' is also an Agent. For Actions in which there are multiple humans or human organizations, use the more specific subtype 'MultiPersonAction' Prominent subtypes will be competition or cooperation events, or social events.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (AgentGroup^c or GenericAgent^c)
Sub-classes	Interaction^c TwoAgentAction^c MultiPersonAction^c

MultiColored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiColored`
Description	''MultiColored'' is an AttributeValue of an Object or of a light wave that has at least three different colors. FOr an object that has multiple striking bright colors, ''Colorful'' would be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multicolored' and senses 1 and 2 of 'polychromatic' in Wordnet: 1. motley, calico, multicolor, multi-color, multicolour, multi-colour, multicolored, multi-colored, multicoloured, multi-coloured, painted, particolored, particoloured, piebald, pied, varicolored, varicoloured - (having sections or patches colored differently and usually brightly; 'a jester dressed in motley'; 'the painted desert'; 'a particolored dress'; 'a piebald horse'; 'pied daisies') WN adj 'polychromatic': 1. polychromatic - ((of light or other electromagnetic radiation) composed of more than one wavelength; 'polychromatic light') 2. polychromatic, polychrome, polychromic - (having or exhibiting many colors)
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	Opalescent^c BrilliantlyColored^c Iridescent^c

MultiCourseMeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiCourseMeal`
Description	A ''MultiCourseMeal'' is a ''Meal'' that consists of more than one ''CourseOfaMeal''. This is a Role played by some Group of ''FoodObject''.
Super-classes	Role^c Meal^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value CourseOfAMeal^c
Sub-classes	Feast^c

MultiDimensional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiDimensional

Description

This ''MultiDimensional'' is the property of having more than two ''Aspect''s (distinctive features), that need to be considered when considering something from the point of view of utility or as a problem or as an object of pleasure.

        NOTE: fo having more than three physical or spatial  dimensions, a different
          type would be needed; e.g. ''Four-Dimensional'' is specific for four dimensions, and
          other can be similarly defined.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multidimensional' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) multidimensional - (having or involving or marked by several dimensions or aspects;
              'multidimensional problems'; 'a multidimensional proposition'; 
              'a multidimensional personality')

Super-classes Complex^c

MultiDirectionalCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiDirectionalCommunication`
Description	CYC: A collection of complex information transfer events. Each instance of #$MultiDirectionalCommunication is an event in which more than one agent plays the #$communicatorOfInfo role. For example, a conversation or a debate, as opposed to a speech or lecture. The predicate #$infoContributed is used to correlate each sending agent with the information s/he transmits in such an event. For communication acts having only one sender, see #$CommunicationAct-Single.
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Communication^c
Sub-classes	Conversation^c

MultiEthnic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiEthnic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multi-ethnic' in Wordnet: 1. multiethnic, multi-ethnic - (involving several ethnic groups)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

MultiEthnicCommunity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiEthnicCommunity`
Description	A ''MultiEthnicCommunity'' is a ''PopulatedCommunity'' (a Place) having multiple ''EthnicGroup''s living there.
Super-classes	PopulatedCommunity^c Place^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value EthnicGroup^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MultiEthnic^c

MultiMillionDollar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiMillionDollar`
Description	`'multimillion-dollar' is not in WN, but is used commonly to refer to expenditures or potential expenditures that cost about more than two million dollars.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

MultiPersonAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiPersonAction`
Description	An Action that is characterized by the participation of at least two Agents, each of which is a Person, GroupOfPeople, or Organization (i.e. either an individual or collective human agent). `For Actions in which there are only two salient humans agents (as in buying and selling), use the more specific subtype 'TwoPersonAction' Prominent subtypes will be competition or cooperation events, or social events.`
Super-classes	MultiAgentAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op min 2

MultiPersonAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiPersonAgent`
Description	COSMO note: Every GroupOfPeople is potentially an Agent, but this Cyc category may be used to distinguish groups acting in concert from casual groups not actually coordinating their efforts, such as the group of people in a room. The difference of MultiPersonAgent from GroupOfPeople is subtle - This category should be used when the agency aspect of the GroupOfPeople is salient in the discourse. Because a 'GroupOfPeople' can be quite transitory - the people in a particular elevator at a particular time - they need not be viewed as an agent. When they have in fact acted in concert, they become a 'CollectiveAgent'. `Cyc: The subcollection of #$MultiIndividualAgent-Intelligent whose instances are all groups of persons, i.e., instances of (#$GroupFn #$Person)`
Super-classes	CollectiveAgent^c GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c
Sub-classes	EconomicSector^c

MultiReedWoodwindInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiReedWoodwindInstrument`
Description	CYC: The collection of all multi-reed #$WoodwindInstruments
Super-classes	ReedWoodwindInstrument^c
Sub-classes	Harmonica^c

MultiRoomUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiRoomUnit`
Description	A suite, bunch of rooms, (or even just one single room) which are thought of as one unit. #$MultiRoomUnits can have rooms. `NOTE That an Apartment is considered a multi-room unit, even though some apartments (like 'efficiency' apartments) may be a single room.`
Super-classes	Group^c SpaceInAFixedHOC^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Room^c
Sub-classes	Apartment^c OfficeSpace^c Studio^c HotelSuite^c CondominiumUnit^c RestaurantSpace^c DuplexApartment^c MovieTheaterSpace^c TriplexApartment^c Cafeteria^c Workshop^c

MultiStoreyBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiStoreyBuilding`
Description	A ''MultiStoreyBuilding'' is a ''Building'' that has at least two storeys.
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	hasSpatialPart^op min 2
Sub-classes	TwoStoreyBuilding^c TallBuilding^c

MultiVitaminPill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiVitaminPill`
Description	A ''MultiVitaminPill'' is a ''Pill'' with at least three different ''Vitamin''s in it. `Drugs which are are mixtures of vitamins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multivitamin pill' in WordNet: 1. multivitamin, multivitamin pill - (a pill or tablet containing several vitamins)`
Super-classes	VitaminPill^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op min 3

MulticellularOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MulticellularOrganism`
Description	COSMO note: 'cellular' is reclassified as a shape attribute. `Cyc: #$MulticellularOrganism is a specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$MulticellularOrganism is an organism that is composed of more than one cell. In other words, this is the collection of all instances of #$Organism-Whole that are not instances of #$SingleCellOrganism.`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Cellular^c
Sub-classes	Coelomate^c Vertebrate^c

MulticoloredLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MulticoloredLight`
Description	Light that has more than three colors. The colors may be overlapping within the same beam, or may be separately distributed over some region.
Super-classes	VisibleLight^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MultiColored^c

Multicultural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multicultural

Description

'Multicultural' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''MixedCultures'' or places that have ''MixedCultures'' among its population.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multicultural' in Wordnet:
        1. multicultural - (of or relating to or including several cultures; 'a multicultural event')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MulticulturalArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MulticulturalArea`
Description	A ''MulticulturalArea'' is a ''HumanResidenceArea'' where people pracitcing more than one ''Culture'' are a significant part of the population.
Super-classes	HumanResidenceArea^c
Restrictions	has^op value MixedCultures^c

Multiculturalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multiculturalism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multiculturalism' in WordNet: 1. multiculturalism - (the doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value MixedCultures^c hasTopic^op value MulticulturalArea^c

Multigraph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multigraph`
Description	An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a subcollection of #$PathSystem. Each instance of #$Multigraph is an instance of #$PathSystem in which the only points are nodes in the system and all paths are made of links (i.e., no intermediate points along links). Sometime such a system is called a graph or multi-graph in graph theory. A #$Multigraph consists of nodes interconnected by links, with loops on single nodes allowed, and with multiple links between the same two nodes also allowed. (For a graph with no parallel links and no loops, see #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic. `SUMO: The Class of multigraphs. A multigraph is a Graph containing at least one pair of GraphNodes that are connected by more than one GraphArc.`
Super-classes	Graph^c
Sub-classes	SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic^c DirectedGraph^c

Multilateral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multilateral

Description

''Multilateral'' is an AttributeValue of Objects that have multiple ''Side''s or Actions that involve interaction of multiple Agents (People or Organizations). For only two sides, see '''Bilateral''>

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multilateral' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) multilateral, many-sided - (having many parts or sides)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

MultimediaDisplay^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultimediaDisplay

Description

''MultimediaDisplay'' is a form of 'DisplayingInformation' that includes sound accompanying the visual display, possibly include text and any other forms of information transmission that may be feasible.

       WN 'multimedia' is presented as a ''communication' - that is
           interpreted as presenting information as well as transmitting over 
           communications channels.
        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multimedia' in WordNet:
          1. multimedia, multimedia system - (transmission that combine 
            media of communication (text and graphics and sound etc.))

Super-classes DisplayingInformation^c

Multinational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multinational

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multinational' in Wordnet:
       1. multinational, transnational - (involving or operating in several nations or nationalities;
          'multinational corporations'; 'transnational terrorist networks')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MultipleAspects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleAspects`
Description	''MultipleAspects'' is a Group of at least three ''Aspect''s attributable to some Event or Object.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 3

MultipleCauses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleCauses`
Description	A ''MultipleCauses'' is a Group, each member of which is one of the causes that contributed to some Event. An instance of this type can be used with ''isCausedBy'' to specify the causes when no one cause is sufficient to produce the effect Event in focus.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Cause^c

MultipleCurves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleCurves`
Description	''MultipleCurves'' is a group of simple Curves on the same Object. There must be more than two; a line with two curves would be 'S-shaped'. `This is primarily used for describing ''Winding'' paths.`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2

MultipleDisciplines^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleDisciplines`
Description	''MultipleDisciplines'' is a ''Group'' of two or more ''FieldOfStudy''s. A 'polymath' will be knowledgeable about this type of Group.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Interdisciplinary^c

MultipleEntityTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleEntityTable`
Description	A MultipleEntityTable is a DatabaseTable that represents more than one type of Entity. For any given row (record), the properties of only one entity will be represented. For such a Table, one can in theory factor it into several tables, each representing one entity. Those (virtual) subtables would be represented as 'DatabaseSubtables'. A MultipleEntityTable should have at least one column that contains a value indicating which type is represented by any given record. This column is specified by the relation 'hasDistinguishingColumn'. If not, there would need to be some list of columns for each type, indicating that a value in that column signals that the record represents that type. If that is not possible, it would be necessary to represent the table as the common parent type of all the types represented by the table. If none of these tactics serve to properly represent the table, the table may not be accurately representable (and should be redesigned). See also the relation 'tableCorrespondsToEntities'.
Super-classes	DatabaseTable^c
In domain of	tableCorrespondsToEntities^op

MultipleRaces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleRaces`
Description	''MultipleRaces'' is a Group of two more more ''RaceOfPeople''s who are located in some Place or interact in some manner.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c SocialBeing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value RaceOfPeople^c

MultipleSkillEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleSkillEvent`
Description	A ''MultipleSkillEvent'' is a series of ''SportsEvent''s in which each contestant must demonstrate her/his level of skill in some type of individual sport, which is scored, and the scores are combined to get a total score for each contestant. `This has as subtypes 'triathlon' and 'decathlon' and any other -athlon consisting of different types of display of skill. RHW 'triathlon': 1. an athletic contest comprising three consecutive events, usually swimming, bicycling, and distance running.`
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c SportsEvent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some MagicTrick^c
Sub-classes	Decathlon^c

MultipleSkills^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleSkills`
Description	A ''MultipleSkills'' is a Group of at least three ''Skill''s.
Super-classes	Competence^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (CapabilityType^c or Skill^c or Capability^c)

MultipleUserComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultipleUserComputer`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$Computer designed to be used by multiple persons. (e.g. a VAX mainframe). See ''MainframeComputer'' for a restriction to larger groups of users.
Super-classes	DigitalComputer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c
Sub-classes	MainframeComputer^c Minicomputer^c WebBasedServer^c ComputerServer^c

MultiplicationProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultiplicationProduct`
Description	A 'MultiplicationProduct' is a Number that can be the result of a 'DoingMultiplication' Action. This is a Role that a Number can play. See 'Sum' for further discussion of this unusual type of 'role'. `See 'hasMultiplicand' for the relation that relates a 'MultiplicationProduct' to its factors. The restriction requires that the factors of a 'MultiplicationProduct' be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'product' in WordNet: 5. (20) product, mathematical product - (a quantity obtained by multiplication; 'the product of 2 and 3 is 6')`
Super-classes	AtemporalRole^c Number^c
Restrictions	hasMultiplicand^op min 2 isTheResultOf^op some DoingMultiplication^c
Sub-classes	PureImaginaryNumber^c
In domain of	hasMultiplicand^op

Multiplicity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multiplicity`
Description	A ''Multiplicity'' is a ''Quality' (a ''PersistentState'') of Groups of things that have at least two elements, and usually more thantwo.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multiplicity' in WordNet: 1. (6) multiplicity - (the property of being multiple)`
Super-classes	Magnitude^c PluralThing^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multiple^c

Multiplying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multiplying`
Description	Each 'Multiplying' is an Event in which numerable quantity of countable objects increases in number - by as few as one or by orders of magnitude. This includes 'multiplication' of organisms as well as transitive actions in which agents cause the numbers of things to increase, and Events in which things 'multiply' by any form of process ('our troubles multiplied'). This does not include arithmetic operations - see 'DoingMultiplication'. For causing a rapid increase in some quantity that may but does not necessarily result in a double or larger multiple of the original, use ''Proliferating''. NOTE: the 'multiplying' of organisms is represented under the subtype ''BiologicalReproductionEvent'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'multiplication' and verb senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'multiply' in WordNet: 3. multiplication - (a multiplicative increase; 'repeated copying leads to a multiplication of errors'; 'this multiplication of cells is a natural correlate of growth') WN verb 'multiply': 2. (7) multiply, manifold - (combine or increase by multiplication; 'He managed to multiply his profits')
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalReproductionEvent^c Proliferation^c

Multipronged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multipronged

Description

An Attribute objects (abstract or physical) that branch out from one root to more than two ends.

      Corresponds most closely to adjective sense 1 of 'pronged' in Wordnet:
        1. pronged, tined - (having prongs or tines; usually used in combination;
        'a three-tined fork')

Super-classes Forked^c

MultirevolutionRotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultirevolutionRotation`
Description	The #$Collection of all unidirectional #$MultirevolutionRotation movement processes, although one may stop and continue. Clock hand motion is #$MultirevolutionRotation even if it is a continual series of small turns and pauses. The angular position monotonically increases or decreases (modulo 360 degrees). The final stopping position of the process need have no relationship with the starting position. A sufficiently long time slice is also a #$MultirevolutionRotation. `@ToDo: relation to 'Spinning'?`
Super-classes	Rotation^c
Sub-classes	ReelingSomethingOnOrOffaSpool^c SwingingAroundOnCord^c Precession^c Spinning^c

MultistepChemicalSynthesis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultistepChemicalSynthesis`
Description	A ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis'' is a series of at least three ''ChemicalSynthesis'' reactions that are performed in order to produce some ''FinalChemicalProduct''. `NOTE that the participant ''ReactionChain'' (a series of products) is a linear chain, and does not necessarily include all of the starting or intermediate products. More detail can be added.`
Super-classes	ChemicalSynthesis^c Combining^c PhysicalSynthesis^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ChemicalTransformationEvent^c hasParticipant^op some ReactionChain^c

Multitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multitude`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multitude' in WordNet: 1. (1) battalion, large number, multitude, plurality, pack - (a large indefinite number; 'a battalion of ants'; 'a multitude of TV antennas'; 'a plurality of religions')`
Super-classes	LargeIndefiniteQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Multivariate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multivariate

Description

''Multivariate'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Procedures and theories that involve at least two ''VariableQuantity''s.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multivariate' in Wordnet:
           1. multivariate - (pertaining to any procedure involving two or more variables)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MultivariateAnalysis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultivariateAnalysis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multivariate analysis' in WordNet: 1. multivariate analysis - (a generic term for any statistical technique used to analyze data from more than one variable)`
Super-classes	StatisticalProcedure^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op min 2
Sub-classes	AnalysisOfVariance^c

MultivariateSpecification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MultivariateSpecification`
Description	Each ''MultivariateSpecification'' is a ''Specification'' that uses at least two ''VariableQuantity''s.
Super-classes	Specification^c
Restrictions	uses^op min 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Multivariate^c

Mummifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mummifying`
Description	NOTE: some ''mummys' are produced by natural forces drying out a dead corpse. This type is for the intentional Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mummify' in WordNet: 2. mummify - (remove the organs and dry out (a dead body) in order to preserve it; 'The Egyptians mummified their pharaohs')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c Embalming^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Mummy^c hasSubEvent^op value Drying^c

Mummy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mummy`
Description	The dead body of a person or non-human animal that has been mummified (preserved by drying), by a natural or artificial process. To be a Corpse rather than a skeleton the body must have most of the bones covered by flesh, even if mummified. `Includes but is not restricted to artificially mummified bodies, so the WordNet sense is only part of the meaning of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mummy' in WordNet: 2. mummy - (a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt))`
Super-classes	Corpse^c
Restrictions	wasOfType^op value Animal^c

Mumps^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mumps

Description

CYC: A contagious viral infection of childhood (usually) which affects the salivary glands, causing difficulty and pain in swallowing. Rarely lasts more than three days, and is vaccinatable for individuals over age one.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mumps' in WordNet:
          1. mumps, epidemic parotitis - 
             (an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever 
             and by swelling of the parotid glands)

Super-classes ContagiousDisease^c
ViralInfection^c

Munch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Munch`
Description	A ''Munch' is one large Bite - a brief Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'munch' in WordNet: 2. munch - (a large bite; 'he tried to talk between munches on the sandwich')`
Super-classes	Chewing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Municipal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Municipal

Description

''Municipal'' is the attribute pertaining to a ''Municipality'' and its characteristic property,activities, structure, and relation to other Geopolitical entities.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 1 of 'municipal' in Wordnet:
        1. (11) municipal - (relating or belonging to or characteristic of a municipality;
          'municipal government'; 'municipal bonds'; 'a municipal park'; 
          'municipal transportation')
        2. municipal - (of or relating to the government of a municipality;
           'international law...only authorizes a belligerent to punish a spy 
           under its municipal law'- J.L.kuntz)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Municipality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Municipality`
Description	Any incorporated GeopoliticalEntity which, depending on the size and population and laws of the next larger GeopoliticalEntity may be called a 'City', 'Borough', 'Town', 'Township', 'Village' or some other name, but in general it will be a GeopoliticalEntity that has no smaller unit with a separate government body, in that Country or State. This will be the most common referent for a city in relations in the ontology, unless the government or the area of the city is specifically intended as the referent. `NOTE that a 'Municipality' is not the land area nor the governement, but a composite entity: A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government, which is also an agent Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'municipality' in Wordnet: 1. municipality - (an urban district having corporate status and powers of self-government)`
Super-classes	PopulatedCommunity^c GeopoliticalEntity^c
Sub-classes	Town^c HomeTown^c Township^c City^c

Mural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mural`
Description	This type is a PhysicalObject that consists of a ''Picture'' located on some ''Wall''. `CYC: The collection of all mural paintings [#$Painting-ArtForm] as a representational art form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mural' in WordNet: 1. mural, wall painting - (a painting that is applied to a wall surface)`
Super-classes	Picture^c Painting^c
Sub-classes	Fresco^c

Murder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Murder`
Description	An instance of #$PunctualEventType and a specialization of both #$KillingPerson and #$CriminalAct. Each instance of #$Murder is an event in which someone is illegally killed. The key features that make a #$KillingByOrganism a #$Murder are (a) the organism killed is a #$Person; and (b) the killing violates some law. `SUMO: Impermissible Killing of a Human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1of 'murder' in WordNet: WN noun'murder' 1. (45) murder, slaying, execution - (unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being) WN verb 'murder' 1. (5) murder, slay, hit, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off, remove - (kill intentionally and with premeditation; 'The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered')`
Super-classes	CauseOfDeath^c VictimizingAnAgent^c Felony^c Homicide^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Murderer^c caused^op value Death^c
Sub-classes	Massacre^c HitJob^c MurderOfaProminentPerson^c

MurderMystery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MurderMystery`
Description	A 'MysteryStory' that centers around a Murder and an attempt to discover the perpetrator. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mystery' in WordNet: 2. mystery, mystery story, whodunit - (a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie)`
Super-classes	MysteryStory^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some Murder^c

MurderOfaProminentPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MurderOfaProminentPerson`
Description	MurderOfaProminentPerson is a type of Murder in which the victim is a government official or well-known and prominent, at least locally. The motive does not affect categrization as an instance of this type.
Super-classes	Murder^c
Sub-classes	Assassination^c

Murdered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Murdered

Description

''Murdered'' is the AttributeValue of an Person who was ''Killed'' by an act of ''Murder''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'murdered' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) murdered - (killed unlawfully; 'the murdered woman'; 'lay a wreath on murdered Lincoln's bier')

Super-classes Killed^c

Murderer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Murderer`
Description	A ''Person'' who has performed the Crime of ''Murder'' - not just Homicide, but criminal unjustified Murder. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'murderer' in WordNet: 1. (12) murderer, liquidator, manslayer - (a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being))`
Super-classes	Criminal^c Killer^c Evildoer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Murder^c
Sub-classes	Assassin^c Gunman^c

Murderous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Murderous

Description

''Murderous'' characterizes someone who has performed or has tried to perform a ''Murder'' of another Person.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'murderous' in Wordnet:
         1. homicidal, murderous - (characteristic of or capable of or having a tendency 
             toward killing another human being ; 'a homicidal rage'; 'murderous thugs')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Murmuring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Murmuring

Description

''Murmuring'' is a ''Speaking'' softly in a low voice.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'murmur' in WordNet:
         1. (15) murmur - (speak softly or indistinctly;
           'She murmured softly to the baby in her arms')

Super-classes ComplainingAboutSomething^c
Speaking^c

MuscatGrape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuscatGrape`
Description	A ''MuscatGrape'' is the ''Grape'' that grows on a ''MuscatGrapeVine''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscat grape' in WordNet: 1. muscat, muscatel, muscat grape - (sweet aromatic grape used for raisins and wine)`
Super-classes	Grape^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Muscatel^c isTheFruitOfa^op value MuscatGrapeVine^c

MuscatGrapeVine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuscatGrapeVine`
Description	A ''MuscatGrapeVine'' is a vine plant that produces 'muscat' Grapes. This is a whole plant type, not just the vinous portion of the plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscat' in WordNet: 1. muscat, muskat - (any of several cultivated grapevines that produce sweet white grapes)`
Super-classes	GrapeVine^c
Restrictions	bearsFruitType^op value MuscatGrape^c

Muscatel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muscatel`
Description	A sweet wine made from ''MuscatGrape''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscatel' in WordNet: 1. muscat, muscatel, muscadel, muscadelle - (wine from muscat grapes)`
Super-classes	Wine^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SweetTasting^c isDerivedFrom^op value MuscatGrape^c

MusciClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusciClass`
Description	A biological class within the plant kingdom which includes the mosses.
Super-classes	Bryophyte^c
Sub-classes	Moss^c

Muscle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muscle`
Description	A single muscle, not a tissue as in Cyc. `Cyc: A specialization of #$MuscleTissue. Each instance of #$Muscle is an organ that is essentially a mass of muscle tissue controlled by a nerve (see #$Nerve) and that by contracting moves or restricts the motion of one or more #$AnimalBodyParts to which it is connected. NOTE the SUMO 'Tissue' is a substance, which is called 'MuscleTissue' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscle' in WordNet: 1. (44) muscle, musculus - (one of the contractile organs of the body)`
Super-classes	InternalOrgan^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value MuscleTissue^c
Sub-classes	FlexedMuscle^c ArmMuscle^c Esophagus^c StriatedMuscle^c DevelopedMuscle^c

MuscleContraction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuscleContraction`
Description	A ''MuscleContraction'' is a ''Shortening'' in the length of some Muscle. This is how a Muscle performs its intended function, so it is usually a normal Action, unless it is a ''Cramping''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contraction' in WordNet: 1. (1) contraction, muscular contraction, muscle contraction - ((physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c Shortening^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Muscle^c
Sub-classes	Spasm^c

MusclePoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusclePoweredDevice`
Description	$MusclePoweredDevice is a specialization of `#$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$MusclePoweredDevice is a device which is powered by animal muscle power (including human labor). Specializations of #$MusclePoweredDevice include #$Wagon, #$Bicycle, and #$Canoe.`
Super-classes	PoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	AnimalPoweredDevice^c HumanPoweredDevice^c Rickshaw^c Wagon^c MusclePoweredDevice-Pushed^c

MusclePoweredDevice-Pushed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusclePoweredDevice-Pushed`
Description	A MusclePoweredDevice that is designed to be moved by pushing (as contrasted with pulling or pedaling). Examples are wheelbarrows and BabyCarriages
Super-classes	MusclePoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	BabyCarriage^c ShoppingCart^c

MuscleStrength^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuscleStrength`
Description	''MuscleStrength'' is a ''QuantitativeAttributeValue'' that is a value of the AttributeType ''BodyFitness''. This attribute quantifies the ''Strength'' of a ''Muscle'' in terms of the amount of ''Force'' that a ''Muscle'' can exert.
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ArmMuscleStrength^c

MuscleTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuscleTissue`
Description	A Substance consisting of muscles cells, not an Object as in Cyc. For the object muscle, see 'Muscle'. Cyc: A specialization of #$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$MuscleTissue is a quantity of muscle tissue; that is, tissue composing biological organs that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. Note that as this collection is a specialization (via #$OrganismPart) of #$BiologicalLivingObject, it only covers undetached muscle parts. An important specialization of this collection is #$Muscle, the collection of masses of #$MuscleTissue attached at both ends that are controlled by nerves, and move one or more body parts. In SUMO called 'Muscle', a subtype of 'Tissue': SUMO: Nonrigid Tissue appearing only in Animals and composed largely of contractile cells. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'muscle' in WordNet: 2. (2) muscle, muscular tissue - (animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells)
Super-classes	SolidAnimalMatter^c Flesh^c
Sub-classes	StriatedMuscleTissue^c

Muscovite-Mineral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muscovite-Mineral`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscovite' in WordNet: 1. muscovite - (a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c Mica^c SolidSubstance^c

MuseumBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuseumBuilding`
Description	Any building belonging to a Museum (organization) and used to display objects. `The only sense of 'museum' in RHW is the building: a building or place where works of art, scientific specimens, or other objects of permanent value are kept and displayed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'museum' in WordNet: 1. (3) museum - (a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historical or artistic value)`
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some MuseumOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HenryFordMuseumInDearbornMichigan

MuseumOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuseumOrganization`
Description	In Cyc called 'Museum-Organization': Cyc: A specialization of #$ProductDisplayOrganization. Each instance of #$Museum-Organization is an organization which serves primarily to put artifacts on display for the public. Typically these ortganizations house their displays in instances of #$Museum-Structure (q.v.). `Unclear if WN 'museum' refers to organization or building or both. The label and tag are addedhere for later rework. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'museum' in Wordnet: 1. (3) museum - (a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historical or artistic value)`
Super-classes	ProductDisplayOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HenryFordMuseum http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheLouvre

Mushroom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mushroom

Description

All varieties, edible or not.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mushroom' in WordNet:
      2. mushroom - (any of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota 
        consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium)

Super-classes Fungus^c

Mushy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mushy`
Description	''Mushy'' is an attribute of ''SolidObject''s and ''SolidSubstance''s that do not flow freely by can be easily deformed.. This is mostly used for OrganicObjects that have been reduced to a ''Pulp'' by pressure or mashing..
Super-classes	SemiSolid^c

Music^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Music`
Description	COSMO note: Music is an ''AudibleSound'' that has musical qualitites. The original Event that produces Music is a MusicalPerformance. Music, as an information transfer, is also considered as an Event. Playing a recording is also an Event that can cause Music to occur. Each Event of Music (the propagation of a musical wave) is caused by an Event of 'MakingMusicalSound' (the emission of a musical wave). NOTE that the word 'tune' is often used to refer to the musical sound itself, but in COSMO 'Tune' represents the abstract ConceptualWork of which Music is the execution. NOTE that this includes the 'genre' in the actual sound of the song. ''Genre'' is represented as a metatype for Music Classes that represent particular genres of Music. @ToDo1435 NOTE that this type includes 'musical genre'. As of rev1435 the music itself (an Event) and the genre (something abstract) are not differentiated. They sold be idsinguished,and will likely form parallel type hierarchies. NOTE that each component of Music that is audible is also an insance of 'Music'; therefore, the beat and the melody are subtypes of 'Music'. @ToDo: this may need elaboration. NOTE: a pointer to 'AbstractMusic' is added to encourage the knowledge engineer to create a unique abstract individual, where appropriate, to allow comparison of different physical embodiments of music as to similarity or difference. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SoundInformationBearingThing and #$Artifact-Intangible. Each instance of #$Music is a particular sound produced by actions such as singing, whistling, playing an instrument, playing recorded music, and so on. Music has certain features that distinguish it from random noise (though recognizing them may depend upon a specific cultural background); such features usually include variations of pitch over time (i.e., melody), multiple (somehow) related pitches sounding at one time (i.e., some kind of harmony), and/or some regular temporal pattern to the component sounds (i.e., rhythm). Instances of #$Music include the debut performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, Leonard Bernstein's rendition of the Ninth Symphony with the BPO in Berlin in 1989, a particular playing of a particular CD of Bernstein's 1989 Ninth in Berlin, and the Messiah sing-in in Austin, TX, in 1995. This collection is not to be confused with #$MusicalText or #$MusicalTextCopy (qq.v.), which refer to the represented instructions which musicians often follow in order to create #$Music. SUMO: The subclass of RadiatingSound where the sound is intended to be melodic and is produced deliberately. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'music' and includes sense 1 of 'tune', and 'music genre' in WordNet: 4. music - ((music) the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments (or reproductions of such sounds)) WN noun 'tune': 1. (12) tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase - (a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence; 'she was humming an air from Beethoven') WN noun 'music genre': 1. music genre, musical genre, genre, musical style - (an expressive style of music)
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c SoundInformationBearingThing^c Artifact-Generic^c
Restrictions	isRepresentedByAbstractEvent^op value AbstractMusic^c
Sub-classes	Counterpoint^c PopularMusic^c OrchestraMusic^c BirdSong^c MusicalBeat^c MusicalHarmony^c VocalMusic^c InstrumentalMusic^c ClassicalMusic^c MusicalNote^c ReligiousMusic^c RhythmicBeat^c

MusicAficionado^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicAficionado`
Description	A 'MusicAficionado'' is a ''FanEnthusiast'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'aficionado' in WordNet: 2. aficionado - (a serious devotee of some particular music genre or musical performer)`
Super-classes	FanEnthusiast^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c isaFanOf^op some (Musician^c or MusicGroup^c or MusicGenre^c or AgentType^c or MusicType^c)

MusicAlbum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicAlbum`
Description	A ''MusicAlbum'' is a PhysicalObject that is a representon of an ''AbstractMusicAlbum'' in any form - vinyl disc, tape, CD, DD, or stored in any digital recording medium. It must have a representation of at least two ''AbstractMusicRecording''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'album' in WordNet: 1. (2) album, record album - (one or more recordings issued together; originally released on 12-inch phonograph records (usually with attractive record covers) and later on cassette audio tape and compact disc)`
Super-classes	Recording^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some AbstractMusicAlbum^c

MusicAsaProfession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicAsaProfession`
Description	''MusicAsaProfession'' is the ''Occupation'' of a professional ''Musician'' who performs ''MusicalPerformance''.
Super-classes	Occupation^c Profession^c
Restrictions	isTheOccupationOfA^op value MusicalPerformer^c isPerformedBy^op value MusicalPerformer^c

MusicEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicEquipment`
Description
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Device^c
Sub-classes	Microphone^c MusicalInstrument^c

MusicGenre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicGenre`
Description	''MusicGenre'' is a general category to subsume the various types of ''Music'' that have some generic similarity to each other. `music genre, musical genre, genre, musical style`
Super-classes	Genre^c MusicalComposition^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Music^c
Sub-classes	Song-MusicGenre^c

MusicGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicGroup`
Description	'MusicGroup' is a GroupOfPeople whose primary characteristic as a Group is that they play music. This includes all types of groups that play music, provided that they are sufficiently stable as a Group to be identified as a 'group'; this will exclude groups of people who get together for one time (as at a party) to sing or play music together. At least one member of the Group must be a MusicalPerformer (a 'musician'), but not all need to be.
Super-classes	SocialBeing^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op some MusicalPerformer^c
Sub-classes	RockMusicGroup^c Band-MusicGroup^c MusicalEnsemble^c OrchestraMembers^c Chorus^c

MusicPerformanceOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicPerformanceOrganization`
Description	CYC: A collection of organizations. An element of #$MusicPerformanceOrganization is a group whose main function is the members playing music together. The collection #$MusicPerformanceOrganization includes popular music bands, orchestras, choirs, and marching bands; it does not include record companies, music publishers, etc. `COSMO note: 'Band-MusicGroup' is a Group, not an Organization, so this does not subsume such bands. @ToDO: needs some way to connect all these without making a Group a subtype of Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical organization' in WordNet: 1. musical organization, musical organisation, musical group - (an organization of musicians who perform together)`
Super-classes	EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization^c SocialBeing^c
Sub-classes	Orchestra^c

MusicRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicRecord`
Description	A 'MusicRecord' is the abstract symbolic content of a 'MusicalPerformance', which has been recorded or represented in any physical medium.
Super-classes	PerformanceRecord^c

MusicRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicRecording`
Description	Any PhysicalObject that is an instance of a 'Recording' that is a recording of some 'Music'. Can be vinyl, tape, DVD, or other form. `Playing such a recording causes an Event of 'Music'.`
Super-classes	SoundRecording^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some AbstractMusicRecording^c
Sub-classes	VinylRecord^c

MusicType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicType`
Description	A ''MusicType'' is the type for any kind of abstract music or music genre or music as a sound wave. `NOTE that this is a hybrid metatype to conveniently handle concepts that may have aspects as objects or as Events - such as Music. These can be dissociated if necessary. The metatype ''Genre'' is used to assert that a particular type of art or music or literature is considered as a 'genre'.`
Super-classes	ObjectType^c EmittableThingType^c EventType^c
Members	RapMusic RockMusic Opera FolkMusic ElectronicMusic ClassicalMusic PopMusic OperaOrOratorio BluegrassMusic WaltzMusic MusicalRendition ReligiousMusic InstrumentalMusic Symphony Oratorio PopularMusic Concerto DiscoMusic CountryMusic Chant DanceMusic JazzMusic

MusicVideoFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicVideoFile`
Description	A 'ComputerVideoFile' that represents an AbstractVideo acompanied by Music, typically a production of a song by some music group,
Super-classes	ComputerVideoFile^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some (Movie^c or AbstractVideo^c) representsEvent^op only MusicalPerformance^c

Musical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Musical

Description

''Musical'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to ''Music'' or attributes a 'musical' quality to sounds.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'musical' in WordNet:
       1. (21) musical - (characterized by or capable of producing music; 
         'a musical evening'; 'musical instruments')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

MusicalBeat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalBeat

Description

Each 'MusicalBeat' is the component of a Music Event that perceptibly defines the time between stresed notes, i.e. it is the rhythm of a piece of music.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'beat' and sense 1 of 'rhythm' in WordNet:
          3. (1) rhythm, beat, musical rhythm - (the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music;
          'the piece has a fast rhythm'; 'the conductor set the beat')

Super-classes Music^c

MusicalChord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalChord`
Description	A ''MusicalChord'' is a ''MusicalNote'' that is a combination of individual ''MusicalNotes'' .sounded at the same time, represented by a ''MusicalChordSymbol'' `NOTE(sic!): the WN sense 2 of 'chord' seems to be the notation but there is no other representation of the ''Sound'' that is a musical chord. COSMO needs to distinguish the two, but both have the same WN referent.See also ''MusicalCordSymbol''. in WordNet: 2. (2) chord - (a combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together)`
Super-classes	MusicalNote^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op value MusicalChordSymbol^c hasComponentElement^op only MusicalNote^c

MusicalChordSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalChordSymbol`
Description	A ''MusicalChordSymbol'' is a ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' that represents. a ''MusicalChord''. `NOTE(sic!): the WN sense 2 of 'chord' seems to be the notation but there is no other representation of the ''Sound'' that is a musical note. COSMO needs to distinguish the two, but both have the same WN referent.See also ''MusicalNote''. in WordNet: 2. (2) chord - (a combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together)`
Super-classes	MusicalNoteSymbol^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value MusicalChord^c

MusicalComposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalComposition`
Description	CYC: The collection of all composed pieces of music, whether recorded or not, extant for centuries or composed on the spot, instrumental or sung, etc. This is not to be confused with musical performances, although musical performances normally enact instances of #$MusicalComposition. See 'AbstractMusic' for an abstract representation of Music that is not a 'Procedure'. NOTE that this is the abstract specification for a musical performance, not the performance itself nor the paper object on which the music is written in musical notation. This is a Procedure, not merely a Specification, because the order in which the actions are performed is crucial to the nature of the work. A musical score (a sequence of notes, represented by 'Tune' in COSMO) is one subtype, and this is also an abstract specification, not the physical object(s) that record the abstract notions involved. In SUMO 'MusicalComposition' is a physical text. In COSMO we interpet it abstractly, as in Cyc. SUMO: A Text that expresses the notes, words, etc. of a song or other sort of Music. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical composition' in WordNet: 1. (1) musical composition, opus, composition, piece, piece of music - (a musical work that has been created; 'the composition is written in four movements')
Super-classes	AbstractEvent^c Procedure^c AudioConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	representsPhysicalEvent^op value Music^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value AbstractMusic^c hasExecutionEvent^op only MusicalPerformance^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousMusicGenre^c Melody^c MusicGenre^c MusicalScore^c Song-MusicGenre^c MusicalSuite^c Medley^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EineKleineNachtMusik

MusicalDrama^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalDrama`
Description	A ''MusicalDrama'' is a 'DramaticPerformance' that includes music and songs as a prominent part of the performance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical' in WordNet: 1. (2) musical, musical comedy, musical theater - (a play or film whose action and dialogue is interspersed with singing and dancing)`
Super-classes	DramaticPerformance^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some PlayScript^c

MusicalEnsemble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalEnsemble`
Description	A ''MusicalEnsemble'' is a Group of ''MusicalPerformer''s that play or sing together. NOTE: in WN, an ''Orchestra'' is not a subtype of ''Ensemble'', so the implied restrictions are not clear. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ensemble' in WordNet: 1. (5) ensemble - (a group of musicians playing or singing together; 'a string ensemble')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c MusicGroup^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only MusicalPerformer^c

MusicalHarmony^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalHarmony

Description

''MusicalHarmony' is the component of a ''Music'' Event that depends on the way different notes combine to produce distinctive impressons on the listener.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'harmony' in WordNet:
          2. (3) harmony, musical harmony - (the structure of music
             with respect to the composition and progression of chords)

Super-classes Music^c

MusicalInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalInstrument`
Description	COSMO note: this is a subtype of the generic 'Instrument' and corresponds to sense 6 of 'instrument' in WordNet. Cyc: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$MusicalInstrument is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music - that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device - as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds - the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of 'playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) - for example, music boxes. Also excluded from #$MusicalInstrument are devices which produce music 'at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. SUMO: A Device which is manipulated by a Human and whose purpose is to produce Music. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'instrument' in WordNet: 6. musical instrument, instrument - (any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sounds)
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c MusicEquipment^c Collectible^c Instrument^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op value Musical^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Sub-classes	StringInstrument^c MusicalOrgan^c MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c Phonograph^c MusicalInstrument-Electronic^c

MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalInstrument-Acoustic`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$MusicalInstruments that is not powered by electronic or some other 'artificial' means. Some specializations e.g. #$PercussionInstrument, #$WoodwindInstrument, etc are default rather than monotonic, because there are rare exceptions such as electronic clarinet, electronic drums and such.
Super-classes	MusicalInstrument^c
Sub-classes	Banjo^c Violin^c PercussionInstrument^c Viola^c Clavier^c BowedStringInstrument^c WindInstrument-Musical^c Cello^c

MusicalInstrument-Electronic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalInstrument-Electronic`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$MusicalInstruments which produce sound electronically rather than physically.
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c ElectronicDevice^c MusicalInstrument^c
Sub-classes	Synthesizer^c

MusicalInstrumentPlayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalInstrumentPlayer`
Description	One who plays an instrument -not necessarily as a profession, but with enough skill to entertain. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instrumentalist' in WordNet: 1. (1) musician, instrumentalist, player - (someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession))`
Super-classes	MusicalPerformer^c
Sub-classes	Guitarist^c Drummer^c Pianist^c Violinist^c

MusicalInstrumentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalInstrumentType`
Description	Each instance of ''MusicalInstrumentType'' is a type of ''MusicalInstrument''. This can serve as type for ''MusicalInstrument'' .
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	Saxophone Piano ReedWoodwindInstrument Harpsichord Bugle Viola Flute Clavier Harmonica Accordion DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument Free-ReedInstrument PianoKeyboard Recorder Guitar SingleReedWoodwindInstrument HornInstrument MusicalInstrument WindInstrument-Musical MusicalOrgan Trombone StringInstrument Clarinet Cello Violin Oboe Cornet Tuba MusicalInstrument-Acoustic MultiReedWoodwindInstrument BrassInstrument Bassoon WoodwindInstrument Banjo BowedStringInstrument

MusicalKey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalKey`
Description	A ''MusicalKey'' is a ''MusicalNotation'' that orders the `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'key' in WordNet: 4. (1) key, tonality - (any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music)`
Super-classes	MusicalNotation^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some Grammar^c requiresResource^op some NotationalSymbol^c

MusicalNotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalNotation`
Description	A 'NotationalSystem'' is an .''Information-encoding-system'' that uses a Group of ''NotationalSymbol''s (''AbstractSymbol''s) ordered by a ''Grammar'' to represent information of any type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical notation' in WordNet: 1. musical notation - (a notation used by musicians)`
Super-classes	NotationalSystem^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some Grammar^c requiresResource^op some NotationalSymbol^c
Sub-classes	MusicalKey^c

MusicalNote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalNote`
Description	Each 'MusicalNote' is an ''AudibleSound'' of varying duration, produced by a ''MusicalInstrument'' or by a human voice while singing, having the same ''Pitch'' troughout its duration.. NOTE(sic!): the WN sense 5 of 'note' seems to be the notation but there is not other representation of the ''Sound'' that is a musical note. COSMO needs to distinguish the two, but both have the same WN referent. See ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' Corresponds to RHW senses 18 and 19 of 'note': 18. a tone sounded on a musical instrument. 19. musical sound or tone. There is no WordNet sense corresponding exactly to this - the sense 6 of 'tone' (a notation) is a representation of this concept, but the example suggests that it is in fact a sound, not a notation, so WN seems to be using this to represent the intended COSMO sense of this concept, despite the gloss. Is related to but differs from the gloss in noun sense 5 of 'note' in Wordnet: 5. (98) note, musical note, tone - (a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound; 'the singer held the note too long')
Super-classes	Music^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some (PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c or PlayingaMusicRecording^c or MakingMusic^c or Singing^c or ActionType^c) hasAbstractRepresentation^op value MusicalNoteSymbol^c
Sub-classes	EighthNote^c MusicalChord^c

MusicalNoteSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalNoteSymbol`
Description	A ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' is a ''NotationalSymbol'' used in representing ''Music''. A ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' can include a 'sharp' or 'flat' in which case the ''MusicalNote'' is a Symbol with more that one character. The meaning of the note also depends on the location in the staff and which staff is symbolized by the clef note, and the duration depends on the timing symbols in or around the staff. `NOTE(sic!): the WN sense 5 of 'note' seems to be the notation but there is not other representation of the ''Sound'' that is a musical note. COSMO needs to distinguish the two, but both have the same WN referent.See also ''MusicalNote''. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'note' in WordNet: 5. (98) note, musical note, tone - (a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound; 'the singer held the note too long')`
Super-classes	NotationalSymbol^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value MusicalNote^c
Sub-classes	Quaver^c MusicalChordSymbol^c

MusicalOrgan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalOrgan

Description

A 'MusicalOrgan' creates musical notes by blowing air through pipes of different lengths. It is typically played from a keyboard, which can be quite elaborate, allowing various qualities of the tones produced.

    This does not include a 'reed organ', also called 'harmonium'

     Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'organ' in WordNet:
     5. organ, pipe organ - (wind instrument whose sound is produced
        by means of pipes arranged in sets supplied with air from a 
        bellows and controlled from a large complex musical keyboard)

Super-classes MusicalInstrument^c

MusicalOverture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalOverture`
Description	A ''MusicalOverture'' is a ''Prelude'' that is the first part of or precedes a longer ''MusicalPerformance'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overture' in WordNet: 1. (2) overture - (orchestral music played at the beginning of an opera or oratorio)`
Super-classes	Prelude^c OrchestraMusic^c MusicalPerformance^c
Restrictions	precedes^op value OperaOrOratorio^c

MusicalPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalPerformance`
Description	A specialization of both #$LiveEntertainment and #$InformationBearingPerformance. Each instance of #$MusicalPerformance is an #$EntertainmentPerformance (q.v.) in which one or more agents produce music, either by singing or playing musical instruments, for a (public or private) audience. Specializations of #$MusicalPerformance include #$MusicalDrama, #$ClassicalMusicalPerformance, and #$JazzMusicalPerformance. NOTE: a ''DramaticPerformance' that includes music is represented as a ''MusicalDrama''. NOTE that this is a live entertainment, and playing a recording of music is not an instance. NOTE that a MusicalPerformance must cause Music to happen. Any mock perfomance that does not create musical sound is not an instance of this type. Also note that the SUMO description as 'consist exclusively of music' is narrower than this type, which includes any performance in which music is produced, in particular in operas and musical plays. A group of people chanting 'Hare Krishna' musically is a marginal instance of this type. More specific subtypes will be needed to distinguish specializations where needed. SUMO: A Performance that consists exclusively of Music, e.g. an orchestra playing a symphony to an assembled audience.
Super-classes	EntertainmentPerformance^c InformationBearingThing^c
Restrictions	caused^op some Music^c isAnExecutionOf^op some MusicalComposition^c alwaysCauses^op value Music^c
Sub-classes	MusicalRendition^c Concerto^c SoloMusicalPerformance^c Concert^c ConductingaMusicalComposition^c Symphony^c MusicalOverture^c

MusicalPerformer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalPerformer`
Description	A specialization of #$Artist-Performer, #$Musician and #$MusicPerformanceAgent. Each instance of this collection is a an individual person performing music for an audience. For groups or bands, see #$MusicPerformanceAgent. `As a simplifying convenience, each member of musical groups that appear in an Orchestra are considered 'OrchestraMembers'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'performer' in WordNet, restricted to performers who create music: in WordNet: 1. (8) performer, performing artist - (an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience)`
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c SocialBeing^c Musician^c
Sub-classes	Conductor^c ProfessionalSinger^c Rapper^c MusicalInstrumentPlayer^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JohnLennon

MusicalRendition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalRendition`
Description	A ''MusicalRendition'' is a form of ''ClassicalMusic'' performance that Corresponds to part (for music) of noun senses 1 and 3 of 'rendition' and part of sense 3 of 'render' in WordNet: 1. (2) rendition, rendering - (a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.; 'they heard a live rendition of three pieces by Schubert') 3. (1) rendition, rendering, interpretation - (the act of interpreting something as expressed in an artistic performance; 'her rendition of Milton's verse was extraordinarily moving') WN verb 'render': 3. (3) interpret, render - (give an interpretation or rendition of; 'The pianist rendered the Beethoven sonata beautifully')
Super-classes	MusicalPerformance^c Rendering^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SoloMusicalPerformance^c causes^op value Music^c

MusicalScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalScore`
Description	A ''MusicalScore'' is an ''AbstractDocument'' (not the physical paper text) using ''MusicalNotation'' to represent a piece of Music and give directions on how to play it. This includes all 'scores' whether for one instrument or many, or for voice. `CYC: The collection of all abstract #$MusicalText which specifies the score for a piece of music. RHW: a written or printed piece of music with all the vocal and instrumental parts arranged on staves, one under the other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical score' in WordNet: 2. (8) score, musical score - (a written form of a musical composition; parts for different instruments appear on separate staves on large pages; 'he studied the score of the sonata')`
Super-classes	MusicalComposition^c AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op only MusicalNotation^c

MusicalString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalString`
Description	A ''MusicalString'' is a ''PieceOfString'' designed to be stretched taut within a ''StringInstrument'' so as to produce a musical note when plucked.
Super-classes	StringOrLine^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce^op value MusicalNote^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value StringInstrument^c

MusicalSuite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalSuite`
Description	A Group of separately identifiable 'MusicalComposition''s, connected conceptually in one or more ways, but recognized as separate pieces. `RHW: 'suite': 5. Music. a. an ordered series of instrumental dances, in the same or related keys, commonly preceded by a prelude. b. an ordered series of instrumental movements of any character. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suite' in WordNet: 1. (2) suite - (a musical composition of several movements only loosely connected)`
Super-classes	Series^c MusicalComposition^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value MusicalComposition^c

MusicalTempo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalTempo

Description

''MusicalTempo'' is a RateMeasure specifying the speed (e.g. in full notes per minute) at which a ''MusicalComposition'' is played.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tempo' in WordNet:
        1. (2) tempo, pacing - ((music) the speed at which a composition is to be played)

Super-classes RateMeasure^c

MusicalTheme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalTheme`
Description	A ''MusicalTheme'' is a ''Melody'' that recurs within some ''MusicalComposition', ,often with some changes in deatail such as key. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theme' in WordNet: 3. theme, melodic theme, musical theme, idea - ((music) melodic subject of a musical composition; 'the theme is announced in the first measures'; 'the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it')`
Super-classes	Melody^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf only MusicalComposition^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recurring^c

MusicalTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MusicalTime

Description

''MusicalTime'' is an AttributeType of a ''MusicalComposition'' specifying some aspect of the rhythm. The speed in full notes per minute or second is represented by ''MusicalTempo''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical time' in WordNet:
        1. musical time - ((music) the beat of musical rhythm)

Super-classes AttributeType^c

Musically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Musically

Description

''Financially'' is an

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'musically' in WordNet:
         1. (1) musically - (in a musical manner; 'She sang very musically')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Musician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Musician`
Description	A specialization of #$Artist. Each instance of this collection is an artist whose medium is #$Sound. Notable specializations of this collection include #$MusicalComposer and #$MusicalPerformer. `Includes both senses of 'musician' (performer and composer) in WordNet, also includes singers: in WordNet: 1. (15) musician, instrumentalist, player - (someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)) 2. (3) musician - (artist who composes or conducts music as a profession)`
Super-classes	Artist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value TheArtOfMusic^c
Sub-classes	Songwriter^c DiskJockey^c MusicalPerformer^c VirtuosoMusician^c

Muskmelon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muskmelon`
Description	CYC: The collection of melons belonging to the gourd family, including, e.g. cantaloupe and honeydew. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muskmelon' in Wordnet: 2. muskmelon, sweet melon - (the fruit of a muskmelon vine; any of several sweet melons related to cucumbers)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value FruitRind^c isTheFruitOfa^op value MuskmelonPlant^c

MuskmelonPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuskmelonPlant

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muskmelon' in WordNet:
           1. sweet melon, muskmelon, sweet melon vine, Cucumis melo -
               (any of several varieties of vine whose fruit has a netted rind
               and edible flesh and a musky smell)

Super-classes MelonPlant^c

MuslimGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuslimGroup`
Description	A ReligiousGroup who identify themselves as 'Muslims' and consider Mohammed as the last prophet of Allah.
Super-classes	HomogeneousGroup^c ReligiousGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MuslimPerson^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaithfulMuslims

MuslimHoliday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuslimHoliday`
Description	A ''ReligiousHoliday'' celebrated by Muslim people.
Super-classes	ReligiousHoliday^c

MuslimPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuslimPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of all persons who believe in the basic fundamental tenets of Islam, or who practice Islamic religious rituals, or are recognized by other Muslims to be Muslims, or all of these. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muslim' in Wordnet: 1. Muslim, Moslem - (a believer in or follower of Islam)`
Super-classes	Person^c ReligiousPerson^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FaithfulMuslims^c
Sub-classes	IslamistPerson^c Mullah^c MuslimWoman^c Mufti^c ShiitePerson^c Imam^c Jihadist^c Hajji^c

MuslimPrayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuslimPrayer`
Description	Any form of praying that is performed by observant Muslims, whether in a Mosque or elsewhere. Includes the five-times daily prayer.
Super-classes	Worshipping^c ReligiousCeremony^c ReligiousRitual^c

MuslimWoman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MuslimWoman`
Description
Super-classes	MuslimPerson^c Woman^c

Muslin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muslin`
Description	A Substance derived from the stalk of the Flax Plant, in a process of soaking in water called 'Retting'. `RHW: a cotton fabric made in various degrees of fineness and often printed, woven, or embroidered in patterns, esp. a cotton fabric of plain weave, used for sheets and for a variety of other purposes. Coresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muslin' in WordNet: 1. muslin - (plain-woven cotton fabric)`
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c Fabric^c FibrousSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Cotton^c isDerivedFrom^op value CottonPlant^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Cellulose^c

Mussel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mussel`
Description	`'Cockles and mussels, alive, alive-o!' (song: 'Molly Malone') Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mussel' in WordNet: 2. mussel - (marine or freshwater bivalve mollusk that lives attached to rocks etc.)`
Super-classes	Mollusk^c

Mussels^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mussels`
Description	''Mussels'' is the ''Seafood'' derived from one or more ''Musel''s. `'Cockles and mussels, alive, alive-o!' (song: 'Molly Malone') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mussel' in WordNet: 1. mussel - (black marine bivalves usually steamed in wine)`
Super-classes	Seafood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Mussel^c

Mustachioed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mustachioed

Description

An attribute of a person having a ''Moustache'' ('mustache').

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mustachioed' in WordNet:
         1. mustachioed, mustached - (having a moustache)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Mustard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mustard`
Description	This is for ground mustard seeds as a powder or paste. The paste variety is represented as the subtype ''MustardPaste''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mustard' in WordNet: 2. mustard, table mustard - (pungent powder or paste prepared from ground mustard seeds)`
Super-classes	Condiment^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value MustardSeeds^c
Sub-classes	MustardPaste^c

MustardColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MustardColor`
Description
Super-classes	Brownish^c
Sub-classes	LightOliveBrown-Color^c

MustardPaste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MustardPaste`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for the paste) of noun sense 2 of 'mustard' in WordNet: 2. mustard, table mustard - (pungent powder or paste prepared from ground mustard seeds)`
Super-classes	Mustard^c Paste^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spreadable^c

MustardPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MustardPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mustard' in WordNet: 1. mustard - (any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica)`
Super-classes	CruciferousPlant^c

MustardSeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MustardSeed`
Description	`NOTE: the WN entry seems to be for the 'seeds' as a substance; this type is for a single 'mustard seed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'mustard seed' in WordNet: 1. mustard seed - (black or white seeds ground to make mustard pastes or powders)`
Super-classes	Seed^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value MustardPlant^c

MustardSeeds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MustardSeeds`
Description	''MustardSeeds'' is a ''GranularSubstance'' consisting of many ''MustardSeed''s, gathered to be used as a type of Food. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mustard seed' in WordNet: 1. mustard seed - (black or white seeds ground to make mustard pastes or powders)`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c Seasoning^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value MustardSeed^c

Mustelidae^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mustelidae`
Description	A group of mammalian carnivores or insectivores which typically have sinuous body shapes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mustelidae' in WordNet: 1. Mustelidae, family Mustelidae - (weasels; polecats; ferrets; minks; fishers; otters; badgers; skunks; wolverines; martens)`
Super-classes	Carnivore^c
Sub-classes	SeaOtter^c Otter^c Weasel^c Mongoose^c RiverOtter^c Skunk^c Wolverine^c BlackFootedFerret^c Mink^c

Mutant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mutant`
Description	A ''Mutant'' is a ''Variant'' Organism (of any type) in which some gene present in the line of organisms that are its ancestors.has been changed by a change in the DNA or RNA that carries its genetic information. The mutated gene may or may not cause a difference in the 'phenotypic' characteristics of the ''Mutant''. The term 'mutant' is also used to refer to individuals who are instances of this type, but that sense is not represented here. NOTE: the process of 'mutation' can have many causes, and the CYC gloss indicating 'disorder' or 'RadioactiveStuff' is much too restrictive for this sense. The collection of organisms (people, plants, etc.) that have mutated away from their natural state, either through some genetic disorder or through some exposure to #$RadioactiveStuff. #$Mutants have a valid scientific status (especially with regard to plants and genetic experimentation), but the concept is often stretched into the realms of the fantastic in contexts such as that of #$Superhero and #$ComicBook (e.g., see #$Spiderman). . Includes but is broader than to noun sense 1 of 'mutant' (the ''characteristics' of this general type of Mutant may be undetectably different from the parent cell except by nucleic acid sequencing) in WordNet: 1. (1) mutant, mutation, variation, sport - ((biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration)
Super-classes	Organism^c Variant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mutated^c isProducedByEventType^op value Mutating^c
Sub-classes	VariantSrain^c Freak^c HumanMutant^c

Mutated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mutated`
Description	''Mutated'' is an AttributeValue of an Organism whose genetic material (DNA or RNA) has been has been changed in some way that produces an inheritable change in the structure of the DNA or RNA; this also characterizes the DNA or RNA itself of a mutant. `No WN sense for 'mutated'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mutant' in Wordnet: 1. mutant - (tending to undergo or resulting from mutation; 'a mutant gene')`
Super-classes	Changed^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Organism^c

Mutating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mutating`
Description	''Mutating'' is the intransitive Action of an Organism changing its genetic `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mutate' and noun sense 2 of 'mutation' in WordNet: 1. mutate - (undergo mutation; 'cells mutate') WN noun 'mutation': 2. mutation, genetic mutation, chromosomal mutation - ((genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Mutant^c produces^op value Mutation^c isPerformedBy^op value Organism^c

Mutation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mutation`
Description	A ''Mutation'' is the ''BaseSequence'' in a ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' that differs from the ''BaseSequence'' in the same location in the NucleicAcidMolecule of a ''Mutant''. `no specific WN sense for this meaning.`
Super-classes	BaseSequence^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Mutant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mutated^c

Mute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mute

Description

''Mute'' is the attribute of a Person who cannot speak from birth, due to some genetic or developmental anomaly.

     Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'mute' in Wordnet:
         2. mute, tongueless - (lacking power of speech)
         3. dumb, mute, silent - (unable to speak because of hereditary deafness)

Super-classes UnableToSpeak^c

Muted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muted

Description

This sense of ''Muted'' is for devices that have been completely sileced to the inaudible level. The is no corresponding WN sense, but sense 2 of WN'muted' can be interpreted as including this meaning.

      Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'muted' in Wordnet:
          2. dull, muffled, muted, softened - (being or made softer or less loud or clear; 
             "the dull boom of distant breaking waves"; "muffled drums"; 
             "the muffled noises of the street"; "muted trumpets")

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Changed^c

MutingaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MutingaDevice`
Description	''MutingaDevice'' is a ''MufflingaSound'' in which the ''Sound'' is emitted by a Device that is designed to produce or capture sound (Television,, radio, computer, telephone, microphone, etc.) and has a 'mute' button or a sound level dial or some other method of decreasing the sound to an inaudible level, and has the 'mute' on so that it does not produce any sound, or for microphones, does not pick up and transmit any sound. `Corresponds to part (muting) of verb sense 1 of 'muffle' in WordNet: 1. muffle, mute, dull, damp, dampen, tone down - (deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping)`
Super-classes	MufflingaSound^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value ElectricalDevice^c causes^op value Silence^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Inaudible^c

Muttering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muttering

Description

''Muttering'' is a Speaking in a faint and indistinct manner.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mutter' in WordNet:
          1. (19) mumble, mutter, maunder, mussitate - 
             (talk indistinctly; usually in a low voice)

Super-classes Speaking^c

Mutton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mutton`
Description	Meat from domestic ''Sheep''. `SUMO: Meat that was originally part of a Sheep. CYC: Raw meat of sheep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mutton' in WordNet: 1. (2) mouton, mutton - (meat from a mature domestic sheep)`
Super-classes	Meat^c
Restrictions	isTheMeatOf^op value Sheep-Domestic^c

Mutual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mutual

Description

An attribute of things - actions or feelings - that can be done or given between two or more people. The 'thing' that is mutual can be almost anything; there is no clear reason to attempt to limit the range of things this can be an attribute of.

    This term is sometimes conflated with the 'mutual' meaning 'shared in common' - see
       ''Shared''.

       NOTE: the expression of meaning for this adjective reuires FOL to
          describe the effects on all of the affected People.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of ''mutual' in Wordnet:
     WN adjective 'mutual':
      2. reciprocal, mutual - (concerning each of two or more persons or things; 
        especially given or done in return; 'reciprocal aid'; 'reciprocal trade'; 
        'mutual respect'; 'reciprocal privileges at other clubs')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Mutually^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mutually

Description

''Mutually'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that can modify anattribute and an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify Actions.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mutually' in Wordnet:
          1. mutually, reciprocally - (in a mutual or shared manner; 
            "the agreement was mutually satisfactory"; "the goals of the negotiators 
            were not reciprocally exclusive")

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

MutuallyExclusive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MutuallyExclusive`
Description	''MutuallyExclusive'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' characterizing two or more alternatives that have no overlapping parts. For characterizing two alternatives with no overlap and no additional alternatives, use subtype ''Binary''. NOTE: WN has two senses, but these seem to be essentially the same meaning applied in different contexts. Without clear distinction of the contexts, the difference is hard to describe in logic. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'mutually exclusive' in Wordnet: 1. (3) contradictory, mutually exclusive - (unable to be both true at the same time) 2. alternative, mutually exclusive - (necessitating a choice between mutually exclusive possibilities; "'either' and 'or' in 'either this or that'") WN adj 'black-and-white': 3. black-and-white - (of a situation that is sharply divided into mutually exclusive categories; 'he rejected a black-and-white world'; 'there are no black-and-white certainties'; 'there were no grey areas, you were either for him or against him, he was all black-and-white')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Binary^c

Muzzle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Muzzle`
Description	This includes 'snout' and'muzzle', the part of the Head that includes the Jaw and Nose, and projects (at least more than for most mammals). The terms are different but have similar meaning. Maybe a 'snout' is longer than a 'muzzle'?? For the exaggerated long 'snout' (''Muzzle'') of an animallike a ''Shrew'' (others?) use subtype ''LongSnout''. RHW 'snout':the part of an animal's head projecting forward and containing the nose and jaws; muzzle. 'muzzle: 2. the projecting part of the head of an animal, including jaws, mouth, and nose. See diag. under dog. Includes noun sense 2 of 'muzzle' and sense 1 of 'snout' in WordNet: 2. (2) muzzle - (forward projecting part of the head of certain animals; includes the jaws and nose) WN noun 'snout': 1. (1) snout, neb - (a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose)
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c SolidObject^c Projection^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Nose^c hasOrganicPart^op value Jaw^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	LongSnout^c

Mysterious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mysterious

Description

An attribute of events or propositions for which there is no obvious explanation. In COSMO, to be 'Mysterious' is to be interesting (to whomever considers it mysterious). This AttributeValue applies to events or states whse explanation, origin, or significance are difficut to understand. For texts that are difficult to understand, use 'DifficultToUnderstand'.

      Corresponds to sense 2 of 'mysterious' in WordNet, but does
          not include the sense of 'mysterious' meaning 'difficult to understand'
          in WordNet:
        2. (4) mysterious, mystic, mystical, occult, secret, orphic -
            (having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the 
            intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding; 'mysterious symbols'; 
            'the mystical style of Blake'; 'occult lore'; 'the secret learning of the ancients')

Super-classes Interesting^c

MysteriousProblem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MysteriousProblem`
Description	A problemTobeSolved is a set of logical assertions (not a satte of the world - that is a 'ProblemSituation') that have some aspects whose causes or origins cannot be easily explained by most people. This is the set of assertions that describe a 'Mystery' `Corresponds approximately to part of sense 1 of 'mystery' in WordNet; however, WN 'mystery' is a subtype of state of mind, whereas in COSMO it is the set of assertions in the mind of a person aware of the Mystery; the Mystery itself is a state of the world that is mysterious. in WordNet: 1. (18) mystery, enigma, secret, closed book - (something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; 'how it got out is a mystery'; 'it remains one of nature's secrets')`
Super-classes	ProblemToBeSolved^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some Mystery^c

Mysteriously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mysteriously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mysteriously' in Wordnet: 1. cryptically, enigmatically, mysteriously - (in a cryptic manner; 'we will meet again,' he said cryptically)`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Mystery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mystery`
Description	An Event or State that is Mysterious (difficult to understand), or presents questions that need to be answered for which the answer requires some investigation. NOTE: the set of logical assertions that describe such a state of the world is represented by 'MysteriousProblem', which is also labeled by the word 'mystery'. The mysterious Event or State includes occurrences or relations that are mysterious. In WN, 'mystery' is a subtype of state of mind; in COSMO, the state of perplexity that WN represents would be a MentalState that arises from becoming aware of the Mystery (the awareness of the mystery would be in having knowledge that is of the type 'MysteriousProblem'). The set of assertions consituting a 'MysteriousProblem' and the state of mind that has that 'MysteriousProblem' as a concern would be generated by a person becoming aware of the 'Mystery', i.e. the mysterious state of the world. The state of mind referred to in the WN representation would, in COSMO, be represented by a 'MysteriousProblem', which is an Assertion that would be in the knowledge store of a person who is aware of the Mystery; that relation is represented in COSMO by relating this type 'Mystery' to a 'MysteriousProblem' by the relation 'isTheMainTopicOf'. Corresponds approximately to part of sense 1 of 'mystery' in WordNet; however, WN 'mystery' is a subtype of state of mind, whereas in COSMO it is a state of the external world that is mysterious. in WordNet: 1. (18) mystery, enigma, secret, closed book - (something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; 'how it got out is a mystery'; 'it remains one of nature's secrets')
Super-classes	ProblemSituation^c Situation-Localized^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op some MysteriousProblem^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mysterious^c

MysteryStory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MysteryStory`
Description	A 'MysteryStory' is a fictional 'ProseLiteraryWork' that centers around a DifficultToUnderstand phenomenon, for which at least one of the protagonists are seeking an explanation. A 'MysteryStory' usually is about attempts to solve a crime, often a Murder, but it can be about other topics. For the specific prose work of a murder mystery, use 'MurderMystry'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mystery' in WordNet: 2. mystery, mystery story, whodunit - (a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie)`
Super-classes	ProseLiteraryWork^c Story^c FictionalContext^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some ProblemSituation^c
Sub-classes	MurderMystery^c

Mystical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mystical

Description

'Mystical'' is an AttributeValue for Events or assertions that are based on a belief in non-physical phenomena perceivable by means other than the senses (with or without instruents to help). This attribute collects all of the claimed non-physical phenomena and abilities together (other than religious), including 'paranormal' and 'mystical' - hard to distinguish these logically. But truly 'supernatural' (not acording to the ''LawOfNature') phenomena are categorized by the attribute ''Supernatural''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mystical' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) mystic, mystical - (relating to or characteristic 
             of mysticism; 'mystical religion')
         2. mystic, mystical - (relating to or resembling mysticism; 
            'mystical intuition'; 'mystical theories about the securities market')
       WN adj 'paranormal':
         1. extrasensory, paranormal - (seemingly outside normal sensory channels)
         2. paranormal - (not in accordance with scientific laws; 
            'what seemed to be paranormal manifestations')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

MysticalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MysticalType`
Description	MysticalType is a metatype used as a way to label concepts that are derived from mythical or mystical or religious beliefs, and cannot be relied on for reproducible scientific observations or use in objective considerations, other than to reason about beliefs per se.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Trusted Beaten Destined

MysticalVision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MysticalVision`
Description	A ''MysticalVision'' is an ''Apparition'' that is also a religious or mystical experience, and the ''Phantom'' produced is of something with religious significance, often an image of the'Virgin Mary'. `This is not necessarily a ''Myatical'' or ''Supernatural'' Event, though the Person perceiving a vision may consider it as such This could be merely a psychological phenomenon. This type does not specify which such a vision might be. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vision' in WordNet: 5. (1) vision - (a religious or mystical experience of a supernatural appearance; 'he had a vision of the Virgin Mary')`
Super-classes	Apparition^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op value ReligiousFigure^c

Mystique^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mystique`
Description	A ''Mystique'' is an ''Aura'' of some Object or Place that causes a ''Feeling'' that includes some degree of ''mystery' or interest due to its distinctiveness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mystique' in WordNet: 1. (2) mystique - (an aura of heightened value or interest or meaning surrounding a person or thing)`
Super-classes	Aura^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Aura^c

Myth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Myth`
Description	A 'Myth' is a story at least part of whose content is something mythical, and which is believed withing some tradition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'myth' in WordNet: 1. (14) myth - (a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people)`
Super-classes	FictionalContext^c Story^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some MythicalThing^c

Mythical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mythical`
Description	'Mythical' is the AttributeValue of imaginary things (such as fairies, unicorns, gods, leprechauns and other spirits) that do not exist in the physical world but are or were believed to exist by some group of people of significant number, often a significant fraction of some culture. It is distinguished from the more general 'imaginary' in its degree of acceptance - actual belief as real and not fictional - by numbers of people. The borderline between 'Mythical' and other 'Imaginary' things is fuzzy, and should be resolved by classifying things as Imaginary if they do not seem to be widely accepted enough to qualify as Mythical. NOTE that to assert that things are 'Mythical' does not necessarily mean that they cannot exist, but that they violate the laws of physics and therefore cannot be considered part of the known physical world. If something considered as Mythical is shown to exist (due to some new principle of physics, or undisputed revelation from some extraphysical entity) it will become part of the 'physical world' and would not be 'Mythical' in this classification. An application ontology may decide to classify or not classify the currently widely accepted One God or other gods (e.g. Shiva) as 'Mythical', but the generic 'God' is not specified in COSMO as Mythical and may be treated as Real. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 of 'mythical'and 'mythological' and sense 2 of 'fabulous' in WordNet: 1. (1) fabulous, mythic, mythical, mythologic, mythological - (based on or told of in traditional stories; lacking factual basis or historical validity; 'mythical centaurs'; 'the fabulous unicorn')
Super-classes	Imaginary^c
Sub-classes	Psychical^c

MythicalPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MythicalPlace`
Description	'MythicalPlace' is the type representing all Places that are not in the physical universe, such as Heaven (of which there may be several interpretations) or Valhalla. This is not for places that are known to be purely fictional. but for Places that are not in this universe but are or were actually believed (not merely theorized) to exist, by more than a few people in some culture. This is not the same as being Fictional, athough some places that are mythical may have been fictional before they came to be believed in some culture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mythical place' in WordNet: 1. imaginary place, mythical place, fictitious place - (a place that exists only in imagination; a place said to exist in fictional or religious writings)`
Super-classes	MythicalThing^c SalientThing^c Place^c
Sub-classes	Hades^c Heaven^c Hell^c

MythicalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MythicalThing`
Description	A MythicalThing is anything that is believed by some people to exist that violates known laws of physics; anything that is 'Mythical' (which see). Spirits that are part of a monotheistic or other currently widely accepted belief system are not specified in COSMO as 'Mythical' but could be thus specified in an Application ontology without logical contradiction. NOTE that a Myth is not iself a MythicalThing (it may be quite real), but its topic is something Mythical. In Cyc called 'MythologicalThing' Cyc: The collection of all #$TemporalThings (beings, magical artifacts, spells, etc.) appearing in myths or legends but not extant in the world modeled by the KB in which something is asserted to be an instance of this. This collection should have no instances in #$BaseKB or other general microtheories, but be restricted to microtheories dealing with the real world or some fictional world. Note that stories about #$MythologicalThings are not themselves #$MythologicalThings.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mythical^c
Sub-classes	MagicWand^c Chimaera^c Troll^c MythologicalMonster^c Werewolf^c Fairy^c Vampire^c Psychic^c Enchantress^c Witch^c MythicalPlace^c Phoenix^c Banshee^c Fortune-Chance^c Wizard^c Unicorn^c Goddess^c Merman^c Ogre^c Fate^c Ichor^c Leprechaun^c Zombie^c Mermaid^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eden

MythologicalMonster^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MythologicalMonster

Description

A ''MythologicalMonster'' is a ''Monster' (a Fictional thing) that occurs in some mythology.

        mythological monster

Super-classes MythicalThing^c
Monster^c

Mythology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mythology`
Description	A 'Mythology' is th Group of ''Myth''s that are believed (or at least considered part of the traditional culture) by some GroupOfPeople.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mythology' in WordNet: 1. (3) mythology - (myths collectively; the body of stories associated with a culture or institution or person)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Myth^c

NTupleOfIntervals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NTupleOfIntervals`
Description	A specialization of #$Tuple (q.v.). Each instance of #$NTupleOfIntervals is a tuple whose members (see #$memberOfTuple) are all scalar intervals. Notable specializations of #$NTupleOfIntervals include #$ScalarInterval (whose instances are single-membered tuples), #$VectorInterval, and #$ComplexNumber.
Super-classes	Tuple^c
Sub-classes	Quantity-Vector^c

Nagger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nagger`
Description	A ''Nagger'' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' whose performs a ''NaggingAction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nagger' in WordNet: 1. scold, scolder, nag, nagger, common scold - (someone (especially a woman) who annoys people by constantly finding fault)`
Super-classes	DisagreeablePerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value NaggingAction^c

Nagging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nagging

Description

''Nagging'' is the AttributeValue of a ''NaggingAction'' or of a Person who performs a ''NaggingAction''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nagging' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) shrewish, nagging - (continually complaining or faultfinding;
            'a shrewish wife'; 'nagging parents')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NaggingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaggingAction`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nag' in WordNet: 1. (2) nag, peck, hen-peck - (bother persistently with trivial complaints; 'She nags her husband all day long')`
Super-classes	ComplainingAboutSomething^c Speaking^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Nagger^c mayCause^op value Annoyance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repeated^c

Naif^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naif`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'naif' in WordNet: 1. naif - (a naive or inexperienced person)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Naive^c

Nail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nail`
Description	SUMO: An AttachingDevice which is a thin piece of metal, with a 'head' broader than the shaft, that is fastened with a hammer, or with a powered nail driver. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nail' in WordNet: 2. (3) nail - (a thin pointed piece of metal that is hammered into materials as a fastener)`
Super-classes	DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c PointyEndedObject^c SmallObject^c Fastener^c Shaft^c
Sub-classes	Tack^c

Nail-AnimalBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nail-AnimalBodyPart`
Description	This is broadly used for the hard coverings over fingers and toes of mammals and birds and also the ends of the arms of crustaceans (lobster claw). `CYC: Hard covering over fingers and toes. For fingernails, use 'Fingernail'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingernail' and part of sense 1 of 'nail' in WordNet: 1. (3) nail - (horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c Protrusion^c
Sub-classes	Claw^c DigitNail^c Hoof^c

NailBrush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NailBrush`
Description	A small Brush with bristles no longer than 2 cm, used for cleaning fingernails. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nail brush' in WordNet: 1. nailbrush - (a brush used to clean a person's fingernails)`
Super-classes	Brush^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ShortBristles^c

NailHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NailHead`
Description	A ''NailHead'' is the disk=shaped part of a ''Nail'', at the end of the ''NailShaft', which serves to provde a flat surfact which is struck by a hammer.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nailhead' in WordNet: 2. nailhead - (flattened boss on the end of nail opposite to the point)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Protrusion^c Shaft^c PartOfanArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.5^c isAtTheEndOf^op value NailShaft^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Nail^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value DiskShaped^c
Sub-classes	WideNailHead^c

NailPolish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NailPolish`
Description
Super-classes	Makeup^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ApplyingNailPolish^c

NailShaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NailShaft`
Description	A ''NailShaft'' is the shaft-like part of a ''Nail'', having a ''NailHead'' at its end..
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c PointyEndedObject^c LongAndThinObject^c SmallObject^c Shaft^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Nail^c

Nailing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nailing`
Description	'Nailing'' is the act of driving a ''Nail'' throgh one SolidObject and into another,so as to create a bond between the two objects. This act can be repeated any number of times between the same two objects, so as to make the bond stronger. This Action can be done by ''HammeringANail'' or by using a 'nail gun', or by hitting the nail with any hard enough object, not necessarily a ''Hammer''. `CYC: Connecting solid objects together with a #$Nail. Usually involves connecting wooden objects. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nail' in WordNet: 1. (8) nail - (attach something somewhere by means of nails; 'nail the board onto the wall')`
Super-classes	Fastening^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value HammeringANail^c usedDevice^op value Nail^c requiredInstrument^op value Nail^c produces^op value BondingConnection^c

Naive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'naive' in Wordnet: 1. (6) naive, naif - (marked by or showing unaffected simplicity and lack of guile or worldly experience; 'a teenager's naive ignorance of life'; 'the naive assumption that things can only get better'; 'this naive simple creature with wide friendly eyes so eager to believe appearances')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Gullible^c Childlike^c

NaiveRealism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaiveRealism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'naive realism' in WordNet: 1. realism, naive realism - ((philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c

Naked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naked

Description

The attribute of a Person who is wearing no clothing.

    In Cyc the term 'nude' is used for a person who is Naked.
    In COSMO the Cyc term is reinterpreted as the attribute, and 
    made a synonym of 'Naked'.

    Cyc ('Nude') Having absolutely no clothing on.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'naked', sense 1 of 'bare' and
      adjective sense 1 of 'nude' in WordNet:
      1. (2) bare, au naturel, naked, nude - (completely unclothed;
      'bare bodies'; 'naked from the waist up'; 'a nude model')

Super-classes Topless^c
Bare^c
Barefoot^c

Nakedness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nakedness`
Description	''Nakedness'' is the state, of some PhysicalObject (usually a person) that is ''Naked'', i.e. having clothing (or other form of covering?) to hide the fullobject from view. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nakedness' in WordNet: 1. (1) nakedness, nudity, nudeness - (the state of being without clothing or covering of any kind)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Naked^c

Namaste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Namaste`
Description	A ''Namaste'' is a greeting used by people in the Hindu culture, especially in india, in which the Person says 'namaste or 'namaste ji' while holding the two hands together in a ''PrayingHandsGesture''. `No WN sense RHW 'namaste': a conventional Hindu expression on meeting or parting, used by the speaker usually while holding the palms together vertically in front of the bosom.`
Super-classes	GreetingGesture^c GesturingWithTheHands^c UsingTheHand^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c uses^op value BothHands^c uses^op value PrayingHandsGesture^c

Name^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Name`
Description	COSMO note: Name is intended to refer to proper names assigned to individuals - people, corporations, ships, pet animals, brand names for products, wars or battles or other events; also strings that are not proper Names are included, such as the labels for types in an ontology, etc. For the name of a Person, use 'PersonName'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'name' in WordNet: 1. (698) name - - (a language unit by which a person or thing is known; 'his name really is George Washington'; 'those are two names for the same thing')`
Super-classes	Identifier^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op some NameString^c
Sub-classes	Title^c PersonName^c PositionTitle^c Appellation^c Label^c TradeName^c Alias^c
In range of	hasAlias^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timur

NameList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NameList`
Description	A ''NameList'' is a list of Names of individuals, usually people or Organizations. Such a List may be part of a table that includes information about the named individuals in other columns of the table, as in a Directory.
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Name^c

NameString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NameString`
Description	A NameString an AbstractString that was created as an Identifier for some individual Entity. This can be any name, first, last, ful, nickname, alias.
Super-classes	IdentifierString^c
Sub-classes	FamilyNameString^c GivenNameString^c MiddleNameString^c FullNameString^c FirstNameString^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Tamberlane http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Timur http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Timur_Leng

Named^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Named

Description

''Named'' is the attribute of something that is the object (patient) of a ''Naming'' action, in which any type of thing is assigned a term which is subsequently used to refer to that Thing.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'named' in Wordnet:
          1. (12) called, named - (given or having a specified name; 'they called his name Jesus'; 
             'forces...which Empedocles called 'love' and 'hate''; 
             'an actor named Harold Lloyd'; 'a building in Cardiff named the Temple of Peace')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Namely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Namely

Description

'Namely' is Adverb that is used in a manner similar to a Preposition, to introduce a Phrase. It signifies that the following phrase is one or more of the things mentioned in the immediate preceding part of a sentence.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'namely' in WordNet:
         1. (9) namely, viz., that is to say, videlicet - (as follows)

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Nameplate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nameplate

Description

CYC: a small sign bearing a person's name, near their office or workplace.

        NOTE: This type is generic and does not have to be for a Person.
            When its use is tested, this may be more specific or subtypes
            can be created.
        This ''Nameplate'' is made of metal.  Perhaps it can be broadened?

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nameplate' in WordNet:
          1. nameplate - (a plate bearing a name)

Super-classes PhysicalLabel^c
FlatPlate^c
VisualInformationBearingThing^c

Namesake^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Namesake

Description

A Person whose name is given to another Person, for any of various reasons - as a familial custom, or in honor of that Person, or just because the one giving the name likes the 'Namesake'' or something associated with her/him. This term is also used for other things that are named due to some relation with another thing, not only people.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'namesake' in WordNet:
          1. (1) namesake - (a person with the same name as another)

Super-classes Person^c

Namespace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Namespace

Description

A Namespace is a context in which the meanings of terms can be restricted to one or some small controlled number. In this ontology, a Namespace may be used as a prefix for the label of a concept, to distinguish different concepts that have the same name in different Namespaces.

 IOn COSMO, some namespaces are associate with a prefix for strings, using the
 underscore '_' character to separate the prefix from the string.
 One example is for numbers, 'N_' such that 'N_1' is the label for the number 'one'.

Super-classes Context^c

NamespacePrefix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NamespacePrefix`
Description	The ontology name of each NamespacePrefix can serve as a string designating a Namespace, and each such string must be unique within the ontology so that the ontology can recognize and reason about Contexts such as Namespaces. A NamespacePrefix will concatenate with an underscore and any other names or prefixes to uniquely identify (within any ontology) entities such as codes, databses, databse tables, database columns,etc. No entity name in the ontology that is not intended to relate to the databsse or code symbolized by the rpefix should begin its name with that prefix followed by an underscore. It should be unquestioned that any specified prefix, followed by an underscore and other characters, represents som eentity within the context symbolized by that namespace prefix.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
Sub-classes	CodeListPrefix^c DatabasePrefix^c
In range of	hasNamespacePrefix^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeginPointOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CARD_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YEARS_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#STR_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndPointOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SOL_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#T_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PERSON_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VP_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ER_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DIM_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PR_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GT_ http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LT_

Naming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naming`
Description	'Naming' is an Action in which an agent assigns a name to something, physical or abstract. This is the most general act of naming, and can be an ontologist giving a name to a type in an ontology, or a parent naming a child, or an organization naming a building, someone naming an Event such as a battle, or any other act of assigning a label to some thing. 'Naming' is a subtype fo GeneralizedTransfer, and the thing transferred is Name. NOTE that in a Generalized Transfer,the thing 'transferred' does not have to be lost by the agent doing the transferring. But as in informnation transfer, this cannot be considered as an act of 'creation' because the thing transferred (information or a name) may already exist. In the case where a new name is created and given to something there will be a CreationEvent as well as a Namimg. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'name' in WordNet: 1. (33) name, call - (assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to; 'They named their son David'; 'The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader') WN verb 'designate': 1. (12) designate, denominate - (assign a name or title to)
Super-classes	GivingSomethingAbstract^c AssigningEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Name^c
Sub-classes	ReNaming^c Nicknaming^c Entitling^c

Nanny^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nanny

Description

A ''Nanny''' is a woman .''ChildcareWorker'' who performs child care for some formal pay, often full-time, and is not just a part-time ''BabySitter''. An adult relative (e.g. grandmother) would be a different category.

       CYC: A #$Nanny is a person whose job is to take care of
        the children in a family, usually in the
        children's own home.  Unlike a #$BabySitter, a
        #$Nanny usually lives in the home  of the people
        that they are taking care of.  Also they work for
        several days at a time, rather than several hours at a
        time like #$BabySitters do.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nanny' in WordNet:
          1. nanny, nursemaid, nurse - (a woman who is the custodian of children)

Super-classes ChildcareWorker^c
Employee^c
Woman^c

NanoScaleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NanoScaleObject`
Description	A NanoScaleObject is something smaller than a microbe, i.e. has a length dimension less than 100 nanometers. Molecules, atoms, photons, and subatomic particles are subtypes
Super-classes	MicroscopicScaleObject^c EmittableObject^c
Sub-classes	Photon^c

NanoTube^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NanoTube`
Description	A '''NanoTube' is a ''FullereneMolecule'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nanotube' in WordNet: 1. carbon nanotube, nanotube - (a fullerene molecule having a cylindrical or toroidal shape)`
Super-classes	FullereneMolecule^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c

Nanotechnology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nanotechnology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nanotechnology' in WordNet: 1. nanotechnology - (the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules))`
Super-classes	Art^c Engineering^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value NanoScaleObject^c

Nanotubes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nanotubes`
Description	''Nanotubes'' is a 'Fullerene'' whose individual component molecules are each a ''NanoTube'' molecule which has a cylindrical or tubular or toroidal shape. `NOTE: the WN gloss is for the molecule, but this type is the substance. WN does not distinguish substance from object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nanotube' in WordNet: 1. carbon nanotube, nanotube - (a fullerene molecule having a cylindrical or toroidal shape)`
Super-classes	Fullerene^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value NanoTube^c

Nap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nap`
Description	A ''Nap'' is a ''SleepingEvent'' of relatively short duration. The length is undefined, but i should not belonger than the usual night's sleep for that person - less than 4 hours? `Includes noun senses 1 and 4 of 'nap' in WordNet, and may or may not occur in a bed: in WordNet: 1. sleep, nap - (a period of time spent sleeping; 'he felt better after a little sleep'; 'there wasn't time for a nap') 4. nap, catnap, cat sleep, forty winks, short sleep, snooze - (sleeping for a short period of time (usually not in bed)) WN verb 'nap': 1. nap, catnap, catch a wink - (take a siesta; 'She naps everyday after lunch for an hour')`
Super-classes	SleepingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ShortDuration^c
Sub-classes	Siesta^c Dozing^c

Napalm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Napalm`
Description	A specialization of #$Mixture. Each instance of #$Napalm is a portion of a #$Mixture of gasoline thickened with the aluminum soap of naphthenic and palmitic acids. Napalm burns longer and at a higher temperature than gasoline that hasn't been altered. This #$Mixture is used in warfare as an incendiary device, usually delivered via missile warheads or other projectile launchers where a small explosive charge scatters the flaming liquid. Napalm's high viscosity and stickiness enable it to travel further when projected and to adhere to what it hits until it burns out. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'napalm' in WordNet: 1. napalm - (gasoline jelled with aluminum soaps; highly incendiary liquid used in fire bombs and flame throwers)`
Super-classes	PetroleumProduct-Refined^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value Flamethrower^c

Napkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Napkin`
Description	A hand-sized sheet made of paper or cloth, used for cleaning the face and hands during and after a meal, or (as with the subtype ''Bib'') to cover the torso and/or lap while eating to avoid getting food on the clothing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'napkin' in Wordnet: 1. napkin, table napkin, serviette - (a small piece of table linen that is used to wipe the mouth and to cover the lap in order to protect clothing)`
Super-classes	CleaningDevice^c FoldableObject^c Device-UserControlled^c SheetArtifact^c SmallObject^c AbsorbentObject^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some PorousSheetType^c
Sub-classes	PaperNapkin^c ClothNapkin^c

NapkinRing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NapkinRing`
Description	A ''NapkinRing'' is a ''LoopedBand'' used in dining, designed to hold a ''Napkin''. It is not necessarily circular, as some are oval. It is usually made of metal, but can be made of any rigid solid substance. Some decorative naplin rings have figures attached to the loop, so the diameter restrictions apply only to the loop component ( the longer dimension would be the length rather than diameter).. `The minimum diameter should be at least 2 centimeters, and the maximum at most 8 centimeters,. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'napkin ring' in WordNet: 1. napkin ring - (a circular band used to hold a particular person's napkin)`
Super-classes	Holder^c LoopedBand^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 8.0^c isDesignedToHold^op value Napkin^c

Narcissus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Narcissus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'narcissus' in WordNet: 1. narcissus - (bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters)`
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c BulbousPlant^c LilyOrder^c
Sub-classes	Daffodil^c

Narcotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Narcotic`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'narcotic' in WordNet: 1. narcotic - (a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction)`
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c AddictiveSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value RelievingPain^c
Sub-classes	Methadone^c

NarcoticDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NarcoticDrug`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'narcotic' in WordNet: 1. narcotic - (a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction)`
Super-classes	Analgesic^c
Sub-classes	Opiate^c Morphine^c Opioid^c Heroin^c

NarcoticsAbuse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NarcoticsAbuse`
Description	''NarcoticsAbuse'' is the non-prescription ingestion of a ''NarcoticDrug'' (not just any old drug). `No WN sense for this RHW 'narcotism': 1. habitual use of narcotics.`
Super-classes	Ingesting^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value IngestingaNarcotic^c isaSubEventOf^op value DrugAddiction^c hadConsumedObject^op value NarcoticDrug^c

Narrating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Narrating`
Description	'Narrating' is a LinguisticCommunication in which an IntelligentAgent conveys information with the intent of informing another agent; it is not a request nor a command. It can be oral or in writing. The information can be fictional. For specifically fictional ''Narrating'' use subtype ''Storytelling''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'narrate'.sense 3 of 'tell', in WordNet: 2. tell, narrate, recount, recite - (narrate or give a detailed account of; 'Tell what happened'; 'The father told a story to his child')`
Super-classes	Informing^c LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NarrativeLike^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Told^c produced^op value Narrative^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value NarrativeLike^c
Sub-classes	StoryTelling^c Presentation^c DisclosingaSecret^c Speaking^c

Narrative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Narrative`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, a 'narrative' can be formatted, even in as simple a form as a table that records values of attributes of an object over time. Such a simple table would be an instance of 'ValueHistory'. Although a ''Narrative'' has to represent a series of ''Event''s the ''hasTopic''restriction does not require actually instantiating such a series. For an informal oral 'story' use the subtype ''Tale''. Cyc: A specialization of #$PropositionalConceptualWork. Each instance of #$Narrative is an abstract work that recounts a sequence of events (in chronological order or in such a manner that their temporal order can be ascertained) involving some agent or agents. Instances of #$Narrative may be fictional or factual and, accordingly, may involve instances of #$Person or instances of #$FictionalCharacter. Important specializations of #$Narrative include #$Novel-CW and #$Biography. Includes both non-fictional and fictional stories, coresponding to senses 1 and 2 of 'story' in WordNet: 1. (36) narrative, narration, story, tale - (a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program; 'his narrative was interesting'; 'Disney's stories entertain adults as well as children') 2. (14) story - (a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events; 'he writes stories for the magazines')
Super-classes	TextualPCW^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c isProducedByEventType^op value Narrating^c
Sub-classes	Tale^c Travelogue^c Story^c Diary^c ProgramForPerformance^c HistoricalNarrative^c

NarrativeLike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NarrativeLike

Description

''NarrativeLike'' is the attribute of a ''LinguisticCommunication'' that tells some kind of story, short or long, like a ''Narrative''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'narrative' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) narrative - (consisting of or characterized by the telling of a story; 
             'narrative poetry')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

NarrativeRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NarrativeRecord`
Description	A '''NarrativeRecord'' is an abstract) ''Record'' containing a description of some Event in which the author was a participant or observer. This has a physical representation in a ''PhysicalEventRecord''
Super-classes	AbstractText^c Record^c

Narrator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Narrator`
Description	A ''Narrator'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who is or was telling a story. The story can be verbal or written. The ''Narrator'' could be a fictional prerson, as in a novel which may be written as though narrated by a specific peron. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'narrator' in WordNet: 1. narrator, storyteller, teller - (someone who tells a story)`
Super-classes	Person^c HumanRole^c Informant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Narrating^c
Sub-classes	StoryTeller^c

Narrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Narrow`
Description	Narrow is an attribute that specifies that something has a smaller than usual width relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'narrow' in WordNet: 1. (20) narrow - (not wide; 'a narrow bridge'; 'a narrow line across the page')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Strait^c

Narrow-minded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Narrow-minded

Description

''Narrow-minded'' is a subtype of ''FeelingAttribute'' characterizing People who have strong opinions about a specific topic that hinders their ability to consider opposing views objectively or to accept contradictory information as valid. This attribute is relevant to specific views; a Prson that is 'Narrow-minded' about some topics may be ''Broad-minded' about other topics.

 Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of'narrow-minded' and sense 1 of
     'opinionated' and sense 2 of 'rigid' and seses 1 and 2 of 'intolerant' in WordNet:
    2. narrow-minded, narrow - (lacking tolerance or flexibility or breadth of view;
        'a brilliant but narrow-minded judge'; 'narrow opinions')
    3. narrow-minded - (rigidly adhering to a particular sect or its doctrines)
  WN adj 'opinionated':
    1. (1) opinionated, opinionative, self-opinionated - (obstinate in your opinions)
  WN adj 'rigid':
   2. (2) rigid, strict - (incapable of compromise or flexibility)
  WN adj 'intolerant':
    1. intolerant - (unwilling to tolerate difference of opinion)
    2. illiberal, intolerant - (narrow-minded about cherished opinions)

Super-classes FeelingAttribute^c

NarrowBottleNeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NarrowBottleNeck`
Description	This is the literal ''BottleNeck'', the narrow neck of a ''Bottle'' near the top that ends with the opening (''BottlePortal'') into and out of which liquids are placed and removed. See ''Flask' for usage of this (from WN). `This detail is here because bottles have such a distinctive shape and are very common. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bottleneck' in Wordnet: 2. bottleneck - (the narrow part of a bottle near the top)`
Super-classes	BottleNeck^c
Restrictions	hasAttribute^op value NarrowForaBottleNeck^c

NarrowForaBottleNeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NarrowForaBottleNeck`
Description	Specifies that a ''BottleNeck'' with this attribute is narrower than the average ''Bottleneck''. `This would clarify the meaning of 'narrow bottleneck', which might be confusing since all bottlenecka are 'narrow' relative to the rest of the bottle.`
Super-classes	RelativeAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfComparison^op value BottleNeck^c hasAttributeValue^op value Narrow^c hasAttributeType^op only Width^c

Narrowly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Narrowly

Description

''Narrowly' can be use in various senses - 'narrowly interpreted', 'narrowly spaced', 'narrowly applied', and 'narrowly applied' for example. these may be distinguishable, but in WN there is only one sense, and this type includes all of the above.

          Includes but is broader than adverb sense 1 of 'narrowly' in Wordnet:
            1. (3) narrowly - (in a narrow manner; not allowing for exceptions;
               'he interprets the law narrowly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Nasal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nasal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nasal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) rhinal, nasal - (of or in or relating to the nose; 'nasal passages')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

NasalCongestion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NasalCongestion`
Description	''NasalCongestion'' is ''Congestion'' in the Nose.
Super-classes	Congestion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Nose^c

NasalMucus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NasalMucus`
Description	''NasalMucus'' is ''Mucus'' located in the nasal passages. This includes only the mucus still in the body. After expulsion, it would be a different type. (produced by ''BlowingTheNose''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'snot' in WordNet: 2. snot - (nasal mucus)`
Super-classes	Mucus^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Nostril^c

Nascent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nascent

Description

''Nascent'' is the attribute of an ''Event'' or ''Organism'' that has just beginning to happen (or be born) and for an Even, may be increasing in intenity.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nascent' in Wordnet:
          1. nascent - (being born or beginning; 'the nascent chicks';'a nascent insurgency')

Super-classes New^c

Nasty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nasty

Description

A higher intensity of 'Mean': Intentionally and habitually Mean-spirited, tending to be malicious and ''Inconsiderate'' to other people. Of people and the way they act and interact with other people. For the sense of 'unpleasant' use 'Awful' For a more general sens of 'badly behaved' use 'BadlyBehaved'.

  This corresponds to the part of sense 1 of 'nasty' in WordNet
    that applies to people:
  in WordNet:
     1. (2) nasty, awful - (offensive or even (of persons) malicious; 
        'in a nasty mood'; 'a nasty accident'; 'a nasty shock'; 'a nasty smell';
        'a nasty trick to pull'; 'Will he say nasty things at my funeral?'- Ezra Pound)

Super-classes Inconsiderate^c
Mean^c

National^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#National`
Description	'National' is an AttributeValue of things (Events,Attributes, PhysicalObjects) that are restricted or predominant only in some single Country; this contrasts with attributes such as 'Local' or 'International' or 'Global' for which a narrower or wider region of applicability is intended. The word 'natikonal' has many subtle senses depending on what sort of thing is being described: a national park is owned by a Country, but a National Anthem is a tune chosen as expressing some of the character of its people. These microsenses do need to be represented at some point, but this AttributeValue includes all of them. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'national' in WordNet: 1. (47) national - (of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country; 'national hero'; 'national anthem'; 'a national landmark') 2. (17) national - (limited to or in the interests of a particular nation; 'national interests'; 'isolationism is a strictly national policy') 3. (6) national - (concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country; 'the national government'; 'national elections'; 'of national concern'; 'the national highway system'; 'national forests')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	pertainsTo^op some Country^c
Sub-classes	FreshmanYear^c English^c

NationalAnthem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalAnthem`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'national anthem' in WordNet: 1. (1) national anthem - (a song formally adopted as the anthem for a nation)`
Super-classes	Anthem^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheStarSpangledBanner http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Marseillaise

NationalEconomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalEconomy`
Description	An 'economic system' Considered as a Group of ''EconomicEvent''s plus relations between them and properties of the economy of some ''Country'' as a whole, including all of its parts. `The CYC definition is more inclusive: CYC ('EconomicSystem': A collection of all economic systems. It can be the economic system of a #$GeopoliticalEntity, or the economic system in a #$GeographicalRegion. To refer to the economic system of a particular country or a state (or a province, etc.), use #$EconomyFn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economy' in WordNet: 1. (20) economy, economic system - (the system of production and distribution and consumption)`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c System^c Economy^c EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ProducingGoodsAndServices^c isPerformedBy^op value Country^c
Sub-classes	MarketEconomy^c NonMarketEconomy^c

NationalFlag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalFlag`
Description	A Flag that represents a Country..
Super-classes	Flag^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some Country^c

NationalGovernmentEmployee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalGovernmentEmployee`
Description	A specialization of #$GovernmentEmployee. Each instance of #$NationalGovernmentEmployee is a person who is employed by the national government of some instance of #$Country. Instances of #$NationalGovernmentEmployee would include, among others, heads of national governments, diplomats, and members of a nation's armed forces.
Super-classes	GovernmentEmployee^c
Sub-classes	Diplomat^c MilitaryPerson^c

NationalGuard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalGuard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'National Guard' in WordNet: 1. (2) National Guard, home reserve - (United States military reserves recruited by the states and equipped by the federal government; subject to call by either)`
Super-classes	TerritorialReserve^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value American^c

NationalIDDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalIDDocument`
Description	An instance of #$OfficialDocumentType, and a specialization of #$IDDocument. Each instance of #$NationalIDDocument is a document issued by the government of some country to one of its citizens or resident aliens. In the countries in which such documents are issued, possession of such a document is usually required in order to establish work eligibility, or to obtain certain kinds of government benefits.
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c IDDocument^c CertificateDocument^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some Country^c
Sub-classes	Passport^c

national identity number^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalIdentificationNumber

Description

A FIBO concept, being a number unique to an individual issued by a nation and used for identification purposes.

      COSMO note: a 'SocialSecurityNumber' seems to qualify, and should be a subtype,
        but is not represented in FIBO, and the subtype relation is omitted here.

     skos-definition:' A national identification number, national identity number,
       or national insurance number is used by the governments of many countries 
       as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary 
       residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits, health care, 
       and other governmentally-related functions. The number will appear on an
       identity document issued by a country.

       The ways in which such a system is implemented are dependent on the country,
         but in most cases, a citizen is issued an identification number at birth
         or when they reach a legal age (typically the age of 18). 
         Non-citizens may be issued such numbers when they enter the country, 
         or when granted a temporary or permanent residence permit.

       Many countries issued such numbers ostensibly for a singular purpose,
         but over time, they become a de facto national identification number.
         For example, the United States originally developed its 
         Social Security number system as a means of disbursing Social Security benefits.
         However, due to function creep, the number has become utilized 
         for other purposes to the point where it is almost essential to have one to, 
         among other things, open a bank account, obtain a credit card, or drive a car.

Super-classes IDNumber^c

NationalOfaCountry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalOfaCountry`
Description	A ''NationalOfaCountry'' is a Citizen or subject of some Country or ''ControlledLand''. The difference between 'national' and 'citizen' is vague: when is a 'national' not a 'citizen'? NO separate entry in WN for 'subject'. RHW: 8. a citizen or subject of a particular nation who is entitled to its protection: U.S. nationals living abroad. It seems that Persons living in territories controlled by a Country who are not granted 'citizenship' would be 'nationals' but not 'citizens'. But do they really 'owe allegiance' to the country, as the gloss says? @ToDO: need new entries to express the 'subject' status of such people. subordinate controlled? 'hasPoliticalAffiliation' is for political parties. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'national' in WordNet: 1. (2) national, subject - (a person who owes allegiance to that nation; 'a monarch has a duty to his subjects')
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op some (ControlledLand^c or GeopoliticalEntity^c or Country^c or CountryType^c)
Sub-classes	Citizen^c Compatriot^c

NationalPark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NationalPark`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'national park' in WordNet: 1. (1) national park - (a tract of land declared by the national government to be public property)`
Super-classes	Park^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Country^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outdoor^c isLocatedAt^op value OutdoorLocation^c

Nationalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nationalism`
Description	This ''Nationalism'' is an exaggerated ''Patriotism'' that feels that all contries are compettors and should act primarily to protect their own interests, discounting the potential benefits of oooperation with other contries. CYC: A particularly strong feeling analogous to #$Patriotism. While it is possible to express #$Patriotism without disparaging other countries, #$Nationalism usually implies disdain of other countries. The WN senses have this as a subtype of 'doctrine' but in COSMO this is a subtype of ''Feeling''. Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'nationalism' in WordNet: 2. (5) nationalism - (the doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other) 4. nationalism - (the doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals)
Super-classes	Loyalty^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Nationalistic^c isPerformedBy^op value Nationalist^c
Sub-classes	Chauvinism^c

Nationalist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nationalist

Description

A ''Nationalist'' is a ''Patriot'' who is a ''Proponent'' of ''Nationalism'', i.e. public (governmental) policies that emphasize the interests, needs, and welfare of one's own country even when they clash with or harm the interests of other countries.

  Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nationalist' in WordNet:
      2. nationalist - (an advocate of national independence 
          of or a strong national government)

Super-classes Patriot^c
Proponent^c

Nationalistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nationalistic

Description

''Nationalistic'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''Nationalism'', an exaggerated form of ''Patriotism''.

      NOTE: the two WN sense might bedifferentated, but it 
         is not yet obvious how to express that.

     includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'nationalistic' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) chauvinistic, flag-waving, jingoistic, nationalistic, 
             ultranationalistic, superpatriotic - (fanatically patriotic)
     2. nationalist, nationalistic - (devotion to 
        the interests or culture of a particular nation including
        promoting the interests of one country over those of others;
        "nationalist aspirations"; "minor nationalistic differences")

Super-classes Patriotic^c

Nationality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nationality

Description

''Nationality'' in COSMO represents the country in which a ''GroupOfPeople'' were born, or in the case of someone born in one country to parents who are citizens of another Country this will usually refer to the country of which the parents are citizens, reflecting the language and culture and possibly the genetic heritage of the country that is their ''Nationality''. For those moving to a country other than that of their birth, until they have been 'naturalized' their ''Nationality'' should stil be the counry of origin, not the conry of residence.

       CYC: A collection of collections. Each instance of
        #$Nationality is the collection of all people who are
        citizens of some country, or who are participants in its
        #$NationalCulture to some significant degree -- or else are
        instances of #$StatelessPerson. Instances include
        #$UnitedStatesPerson, #$FrenchPerson, and
        #$AustralianCitizenOrSubject.  See also the first-order
        collection #$PersonWithNationality.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nationality' in WordNet:
            2. nationality - (people having common origins or traditions 
               and often comprising a nation; 'immigrants of the same nationality 
               often seek each other out'; 'such images define their sense of nationality')

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c

Nationally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nationally

Description

''Nationally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the thing characterized is true throghout some (pecified or implied) ''Country''.

       Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'nationally' in WordNet:
           1. (2) nationally - (with regard to a nation taken as a whole; 
                'a nationally uniform culture')
           2. (1) nationally, nationwide, across the nation, 
                 across the country - (extending throughout an entire nation;
                 'nationally advertised'; 'it was broadcast nationwide')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Nationwide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nationwide

Description

''Nationwide''is an attribute of things that occur or are found a particlar 'nation' (''Country''). the ''Country'' referred to must be determined from the context of the assertion.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nationwide' in Wordnet:
            1. countrywide, nationwide - (occurring or extending throughout 
                a country or nation; 'the event aroused nationwide interest'; 
                'a countrywide fund-raising campaign')

Super-classes Widespread^c

Native^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Native`
Description	A ''Native'' is a Person born in some particular place, usually coming from a family whose descendents up to some degree of ancestry were also born there. This is regardless of the place where a person now resides or the country of which she is a Citizen. Thus a 'Native of Germany' can be living anywhere in the world The relation specifies the place that that Person is a''Native'' of. `NOTE that this includes but is not specific to Persons whose ancestry dates back from the earliest known times of occupation of a place, such as 'Native Americans' or 'Aborigenes'. Those types would be subtypes of this type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'native' in WordNet: 1. (3) native, indigen, indigene - (a person who was born in a particular place; an indigenous person)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasBirthplace^op some (GeopoliticalEntity^c or Place^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	Autochthon^c Indigene^c

NativeAmericans^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NativeAmericans`
Description	Each ''NativeAmericans'' is a ''LargeGroupOfPeople'' consisting of more than a few ''AmericanIndian''s. This term is often used to 'refer to all ''AmericanIndian''s for purpose of generalizing assertions.
Super-classes	LargeGroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only AmericanIndian^c

Natural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Natural

Description

'Natural' is an AttributeValue of Objects, Events, and other things that are not created by humans but by the inanimate forces of nature, or by animals or plants; produced by 'MotherNature'. The opposite of 'ManMade'.

 Corresponds to 2 of adjective 'natural' in WordNet:
   2. (15) natural - (existing in or produced by nature; not artificial or imitation;
      'a natural pearl'; 'natural gas'; 'natural silk'; 'natural blonde hair';
         'a natural sweetener'; 'natural fertilizers')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NaturalChannel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalChannel`
Description	A ''NaturalChannel'' is a ''DepressionOnObject'' on the Earth's surface that is long and narrow, and is produced by the erosion of land by water running in a stream-like formation. This includes the larger channels of Stream beds, as well as smaller channels produced `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'groove' (for water channels cut into the Earth's surface) in WordNet: 1. (1) groove, channel - (a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record))`
Super-classes	FlowPath^c DepressionOnObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c isProducedByEventType^op value Erosion^c
Sub-classes	StreamBed^c Washout^c

NaturalDeath^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalDeath

Description

A'NaturalDeath' is a type of Death (the act of dying) in which an Organism dies because of some internal physiological malfunction such as an illness or stroke or heart attack, but was not caused by trauma, poisoning, radiation, or other external agent, or by an accident. This type of Death is disjoint from 'BeingKilled'.

       No WN sense for this.
       RHW 'natural death': death that occurs from natural causes, as disease or old age, 
                              rather than from violence or an accident.

Super-classes Death^c

NaturalDisaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalDisaster`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$NaturalHazard events, such as tornadoes (see #$TornadoAsEvent) #$Mudslides, natural #$Famines, or #$Earthquakes, which actually inflict extensive property damage or injury. #$NaturalDisasters are distinguished from #$ManMadeDisasters. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'act of god' in Wordnet: 1. act of God, force majeure, vis major, inevitable accident, unavoidable casualty - (a natural and unavoidable catastrophe that interrupts the expected course of events; 'he discovered that his house was not insured against acts of God')`
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c Disaster^c
Sub-classes	DestructiveEarthquake^c Flooding^c HurricaneAsEvent^c

NaturalGas^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalGas

Description

CYC: The collection of all instances of natural gas (including the gaseous form and Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG), the gas used in home appliances, etc..

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural gas' in WordNet:
       1. (1) natural gas, gas - (a fossil fuel in the gaseous state; used for cooking and heating homes)

Super-classes GasMixture^c
CombustibleFuelSubstance^c
FossilFuel^c
NaturalTangibleStuff^c
OrganicSubstance^c
ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c
NaturalResourceSubstance^c

NaturalHistory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalHistory`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural history' in WordNet: 1. natural history - (the scientific study of plants or animals (more observational than experimental) usually published in popular magazines rather than in academic journals)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Naturalist^c

NaturalLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalLanguage`
Description	A Language consists of a grammar and a vocabulary (a set of Terms). A ''HumanLanguages'' is a HumanLanguage that evolved as a means of oral communication between people. CYC: A specialization of #$Language. Each instance of #$NaturalLanguage is a language which is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. (It is disjoint with #$ConstructedLanguage.) Instances thus include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin, but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included. SUMO: The subclass of HumanLanguages which are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural languages. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural language' in WordNet: 1. natural language, tongue - (a human written or spoken language used by a community; opposed to e.g. a computer language)
Super-classes	HumanLanguage^c
Sub-classes	Dialect^c CherokeeLanguage^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afrikaans http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreekLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Japanese http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tagalog http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WelshLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mandarin http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwedishLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spanish http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CelticLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScottishLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiouanLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Russian http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arabic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanishLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turkish http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hungarian http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnglishLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanianLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GermanLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FrenchLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolishLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ukrainian http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Italian http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hindi http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThaiLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Chinese http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortugueseLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Farsi http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorwegianLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Icelandic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LatinLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ApacheLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LithuanianLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dutch http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VietnameseLanguage http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swahili

NaturalLanguageGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalLanguageGroup`
Description	A ''NaturalLanguageGroup'' is a ''Group'' of two or more ''NaturalLanguage''s. Among other things, this can be used to represent an ability to speak in two or more languages. See ''SpeakingTwoLanguageFluentlys''.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only NaturalLanguage^c
Sub-classes	TwoLanguages^c

NaturalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalObject`
Description	A 'NaturalObject' is a PhysicalObject that is not an ''ArtifactObject''. For natural objects built by animals use ''AnimalArtifact'', a subtype of ''ArtifactObject''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural object' in WordNet: 1. natural object - (an object occurring naturally; not made by man)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c
Sub-classes	NaturalObjectInSitu^c IceFloe^c AstronomicalObject^c Nugget^c NaturalPartition^c CalculusStone^c

NaturalObjectInSitu^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalObjectInSitu`
Description	A ''NaturalObjectInSitu'' is a natural object that has not been removed from its natural setting or modified by humans. A tree is a NaturalObjectInSitu, even if planted by people; when cut into lumber, it is a ProcessedNaturalProduct. Some quantity of petroleum in the ground is a NaturalObjectInSitu. When extracted and placed in a pipeline or barrel, it is a ProcessedNaturalProduct.
Super-classes	NaturalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InSitu^c
Sub-classes	Lode^c Plumage^c

NaturalPartition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalPartition`
Description	A ''NaturalPartition'' is a NaturalObject (animate or inanimate) that separates spatial regions and hinders (but does no necessarily prevent) the movement of some physical object(s) (but not all) from one sde of the barrier to the other. `This can be a river, a cliff, or a membrane or septum in an Organism, among other things.`
Super-classes	NaturalObject^c BarrierObject^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op min 2 hinders^op value MovingBetweenThings^c
Sub-classes	Septum^c

NaturalPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalPhenomenon`
Description	''NaturalPhenomenon'' is any ''Phenomenon'' that occurs in Nature, i.e.is not due to an PurposefulAction by an IntelligentAgent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. (1) natural phenomenon - (all phenomena that are not artificial)`
Super-classes	NonHumanEvent^c Phenomenon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c
Sub-classes	LightEmissionPhenomenon^c PrecessionOfTheEquinoxes^c MechanicalPhenomenon^c PhysicalPhenomenon^c ScientificDiscovery^c AbsorptionOfRadiation^c GeologicalPhenomenon^c

NaturalResin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalResin`
Description	A ''NaturalResin'' is a ''Resin'' that is produced by a ''Plant''. discharge, emission material, stuff Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural resin' in WordNet: 1. natural resin - (a plant exudate)
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c Resin^c
Sub-classes	Camphor^c Amber^c Oleoresin^c

NaturalResource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalResource`
Description	Any instance of something whose type is an instance of NaturalResourceType (which see). Natural resources can be viewed as Types (ore, petroleum) or as instances (a quantity of oil in some location. In COSMO, both the class 'NaturalResource' and the metaclass 'NaturalResourceType' are available to use as required. An instance of NaturalResource is anything (object, energy source) that can be exploited for economic benefit (including scenery as a lure for tourists) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural resource' in WordNet: 1. (3) natural resource, natural resources - (resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature)`
Super-classes	Resource^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value ProcessiveEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c
Sub-classes	FoodBearingOrganism^c MeatBearingAnimal^c NaturalResourceSubstance^c MineralResource^c

NaturalResourceSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalResourceSubstance`
Description	COSMO note: This Cyc category has been redefined to represent those substances found in nature (or easily recoverable from substances found in nature) that are useful to people.
Super-classes	NaturalResource^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Metal^c Ore^c Coal^c Asphalt^c NaturalGas^c Water^c

NaturalResourceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalResourceType`
Description	CYC: The collection of collections of things that are useful in nature.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Anthracite BituminousCoal Hydropower Potash Barite NaturalGas MineralResource WindEnergy FoodBearingOrganism Talc Lobster Lignite Coal Technetium GemStuff Molybdenum Shrimp MeatBearingAnimal Pyrite

NaturalRubber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalRubber`
Description	Not synthetic rubber - The coagulated ''Latex'' of the rubber tree; milky when harvested, it congeals into natural rubber. `In Cyc called 'Rubber-TheNaturalStuff'. NOTE: WN has rubber as a subtype of ''Latex'' but in COSMO ''Latex'' is the milky fluid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber' in WordNet: 1. (4) rubber, natural rubber, India rubber, gum elastic, caoutchouc - (an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products)`
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c Rubber^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Latex^c

NaturalScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalScience`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural science' in WordNet: 1. (1) natural science - (the sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Sub-classes	LifeScience^c

NaturalSelection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalSelection`
Description	''NaturalSelection'' is the Group of Events in which some variant type of Organism survives by reproduction while others of its original type die out. This is the dominant process driving ''Evolution'' and includes sexual selection as well as selection by fitness to live and reproduce in the ambient environment. The 'ScientificTheory' of Natural Sekection needs to be represented in a different manner - this is the Event series. Wikipedia 'Natural Selection': Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term " natural selection ", contrasting it with artificial selection, which in his view is intentional, whereas natural selection is not. Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and their offspring can inherit such mutations. Throughout the lives of the individuals, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment. Because individuals with certain variants of the trait tend to survive and reproduce more than individuals with other less successful variants, the population evolves. Other factors affecting reproductive success include sexual selection (now often included in natural selection) and fecundity selection. Natural selection acts on the phenotype, the characteristics of the organism which actually interact with the environment, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives that phenotype a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population. Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in speciation (the emergence of new species, macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is a key process in the evolution of a population. Natural selection is a cornerstone of modern biology. The concept, published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, was elaborated in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. He described natural selection as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, science had yet to develop modern theories of genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical genetics formed the modern synthesis of the mid-20th century. The addition of molecular genetics has led to evolutionary developmental biology, which explains evolution at the molecular level. While genotypes can slowly change by random genetic drift, natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural selection' in WordNet: 1. survival, survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection - (a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment)
Super-classes	SelectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Selection^c isPerformedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MotherNature^c

NaturalShelter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalShelter`
Description	This is for a Natural object which can afford with some form of protection to an animal - wild or human. For a place where humans can go for shelter that includes some human preparation - some artifacts - use ''Refuge''. `RHW 'shelter': 1. something beneath, behind, or within which a person, animal, or thing is protected from storms, missiles, adverse conditions, etc.; refuge. No WN sense seems to fit - all seem to be artifacts.`
Super-classes	ProtectiveObject^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Protective^c

NaturalTangibleStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalTangibleStuff`
Description	COSMO NOTE: a 'NaturalTangibleStuff' can be a substance that is still in situ in its natural enviroment, but it can also be an ArtificialSubstance, if it is extracted from its natural place and cut or rendered into a form for use by people. `Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType and a sub-collection of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$NaturalTangibleStuff is a naturally occurring partially tangible thing. Specializations of #$NaturalTangibleStuff include #$LandStuff, #$Wood, and #$Air. Man-made materials are _not_ instances of #$NaturalTangibleStuff.`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Exudate^c Air^c Snow^c Lint^c Latex^c BiochemicalCompound^c Ore^c LandStuff^c Petroleum^c Coal^c FossilFuel^c Toxin^c Melanin^c NaturalGas^c Sand^c Secretion^c Resin^c VegetableMatter^c CoralStuff^c

NaturalWorld^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturalWorld`
Description	The 'NaturalWorld' may refer to the entirety of the region of the Earth's surface that is not 'developed' by structures, or to any part of that region; this particuarly refers to plants and animals in a 'state of nature', but also includes water resources and certain scenic characteristics of particular beauty that environmentalists think should be preserved. This may also be referred to as 'the natural environment', and parts that are remote maybe referred to as 'the wild'. `This is a Region, not an Object. This sense occurs in phrases such as 'relax out in nature', 'to enjoy nature' 'to preserve nature', and 'to respect nature'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nature' in WordNet: 3. (9) nature - (the natural physical world including plants and animals and landscapes etc.; 'they tried to preserve nature as they found it')`
Super-classes	Outdoors^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c

Naturalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naturalist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'naturalist' in WordNet: 2. naturalist, natural scientist - (a biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology))`
Super-classes	Biologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value NaturalHistory^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Botany^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Zoology^c

Naturalistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naturalistic

Description

''Naturalistic'' is a subtype of ''Representational'' meaning that the thing conveys or tries to convey an image (visual or mental), of the thing being represented.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'naturalistic' in WordNet:
           2. (1) naturalistic, realistic - (representing what is real;
              not abstract or ideal; 'realistic portraiture'; 'a realistic novel'; 
              'in naturalistic colors'; 'the school of naturalistic writers')

Super-classes Representational^c

Nature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nature`
Description	Nature is the sum of all essential attribute values of an individual, forming a recognizable pattern. This can be used generally for any kind of entity, though linguistically it often refers to behavioral patterns. `NOTE: For 'Nature' as the sum of the physical universe and its laws, use 'MotherNature'. As in 'the laws of Nature'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nature' in WordNet: 1. (45) nature - (the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized; 'it is the nature of fire to burn'; 'the true nature of jealousy')`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Character^c Personality^c

NatureAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NatureAttribute`
Description	NatureAttribute is a QualitativeAttribute expressing the nature of something.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c

NaturePreserve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaturePreserve`
Description	A ''Preserve'' is any GeographicalRegion set aside by law for restrcted use by people in order to preserve some natural character considered valuable. This can be a region for preservation of plant or animal life. A Reserve for wildlife would be the subtype ''WildlifeRefuge''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'preserve' in WordNet: 2. preserve - (a reservation where animals are protected)`
Super-classes	EcologicalArea^c
Sub-classes	WildlifeRefuge^c

Naughtiness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naughtiness

Description

''Naughtiness'' is an Trait of a young child disposed to be ''Naughty''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'naughtiness' in WordNet:
          1. naughtiness, mischievousness, badness - (an attribute of mischievous children)

Super-classes Badness^c

Naughty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naughty`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the person or behavior evaluated does not conform to an acceptable standard of principled behavior. This covers a wide variety of behaviors. NOTE: Although the English word 'naughty' is used commonly to label behavior of children, or only slightly inapropriate behavior of adults, this type is very general, subsuming all degrees of bad behavior of people. The subtype ''Immoral'' represents the greater degrees of bad behavior. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'naughty' in Wordnet, and includes adjective sense 12 of 'bad': 2. mischievous, naughty - (badly behaved; 'he was saucy and mischievous in school'; 'a naughty boy') WN adj'bad': 12. bad, immoral - (characterized by wickedness or immorality; 'led a very bad life')
Super-classes	Improper^c BadlyBehaved^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Disobedient^c Impish^c

Nausea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nausea

Description

A feeling of nausea, i.e. a Feeling that one is about to vomit. This is classified as an 'AilmentCondition' as well as a 'Feeling' because it is abnormal and undesirable, even if it is a benign result of overeating. See also 'Vomiting'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nausea' in WordNet:
        1. (2) nausea, sickness - (the state that precedes vomiting)

Super-classes AilmentCondition^c
Feeling^c

Nauseated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nauseated

Description

COSMO note: this word can designate either the feeling or the Attribute - this type represents the Attribute. Use 'Nausea' for the Feeling.

    Cyc: The queasy feeling in the abdomen and throat which
        precedes vomiting.  See also #$Nausea.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nauseated' in WordNet:
          2. nauseated, nauseous, queasy, sick, sickish - 
             (feeling nausea; feeling about to vomit)

Super-classes Sick^c

NauticalLifeline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NauticalLifeline`
Description	A''NauticalLifeline'' is a ''StringOrLine''that is thrown from a boat to a person in th water, to provide means to get to the boat and avoid ''Drowning''. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'lifeline' in WordNet: 4. lifeline - (line thrown from a vessel that people can cling to in order to save themselves from drowning)`
Super-classes	StringOrLine^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Drowning^c

NauticalTon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NauticalTon`
Description	Each unit of NauticalTon is equal to 100 cubic feet. This is a unit of volume , not weight, used for large nautical vessels. This is used to measure the carrying capacity of ships, and derives from 'Gross Register Ton', a term no longer used officially. 1 gross register ton is equal to a volume of 100 cubic feet (2.83 cu.m.).
Super-classes	VolumeMeasure^c

Naval^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Naval

Description

an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance in some way to a Navy or Naval operations or naval weapons; of or pertaining to a Navy.

 Corresponds to the single adjective sense of 'naval' in WordNet:
    1. (8) naval - (connected with or belonging to or used in a navy;
    'naval history'; 'naval commander'; 'naval vessels')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

NavalFleet-Organization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavalFleet-Organization`
Description	COSMO note: this is an Organization that controls all of the individual ''Fleet''s owned by some Country. `For the collection of ships, see 'ShipsOfTheFleet'. Cyc: The collection of military organizations whose primary equipment consists of groups of naval ships and (sometimes) submarines that are in a relatively defined area and are under a single command (see #$FleetOfMilitaryShips). Note that this corresponds to the broad, generic sense of the English word 'fleet', rather than the more specialized, technical sense in which the #$UnitedStatesNavy uses the word, as in e.g. U.S. Atlantic Fleet.`
Super-classes	MilitaryOrganization^c
Restrictions	manages^op min 1

NavalMine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavalMine

Description

CYC 'NavalMine': A mine intended to be planted undersea.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floating mine' in WordNet:
          1. floating mine, marine mine - (an explosive mine designed 
                   to destroy ships that bump into it)

Super-classes Mine-Weapon^c
MilitaryWeapon^c

NavalOiler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavalOiler`
Description	CYC 'oiler': The collection of #$ModernNavalShips intended to be used for replenishment of petroleum products to other ships; a subcollection of #$OilTanker.
Super-classes	OilTanker^c ModernNavalShip^c

NavalPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavalPerson`
Description	A member of a ''Navy'' - what is the modern sex-neutral term? `Includes but is broader than (includes women) noun sense 2 of 'sailor' in WordNet: 2. (1) bluejacket, navy man, sailor, sailor boy - (a serviceman in the navy)`
Super-classes	MilitaryPerson^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value Navy^c
Sub-classes	FlagOfficer^c

Navel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Navel`
Description	the depression in the center of the surface of the abdomen in #$Persons and other placental mammals (cf. #$Eutheria) indicating the point of attachment of the #$UmbilicalCord to the #$Embryo `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'navel' in WordNet: 1. (2) navel, umbilicus, bellybutton, omphalos, omphalus - (scar where the umbilical cord was attached)`
Super-classes	DepressionOnObject^c ExternalOrgan^c TraceMark^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Belly^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Belly^c

NavigableRiver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavigableRiver`
Description	A ''NavigableRiver'' is a River deep enough to float a river cruise ship. Usually this is greater than 100 meters wide at some point. A canal may be navigable and not wider at points, so not every canal is considered as a ''NavigableRiver''.
Super-classes	BodyOfWater-Large^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Deep^c

NavigableWaterSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavigableWaterSurface`
Description	The NavigableWaterSurface is the collective set of locations on the Earth's surface that are just at the top of a navigable body of water, and as far below as necessary to accommodate the draft of watercraft that are traversing the surface. `NOTE that a ''NavigableWaterSurface'' only needs to be large enough for ''PropellingaBoat'' to enable travelling. One can propel a small boat in a large swimming pool, but that would not be travelling. Lakes and streams qualify. This includes navigable rivers and lakes.`
Super-classes	WaterSurface^c BodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value BodyOfWater-Large^c
Sub-classes	OceanSurface^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceOfTheAtlantic

Navigating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Navigating`
Description	'Navigating'' CYC: The collection of all events in which the performer determines the location of an object in some frame of reference, and determines the direction the object should travel to reach some destination. Navigating usually involves using some devices (compass, clock, etc.) as aids `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'navigate' in WordNet: 2. navigate, pilot - (act as the navigator in a car, plane, or vessel and plan, direct, plot the path and position of the conveyance; 'Is anyone volunteering to navigate during the trip?'; 'Who was navigating the ship during the accident?') WN noun 'navigation': 1. (1) navigation, pilotage, piloting - (the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place)`
Super-classes	GuidingaTransportationDevice^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (TransportationDeviceType^c or TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c) hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c

Navigation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Navigation

Description

This is a specialized sense of 'navigation', for transporting goods by water, not just the method of determining the best route to drive a boat. For guisind a Boat or airplane use ''Navigating'' ('navigation' sense 1).

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'navigation' in WordNet:
          2. navigation - (ship traffic; 'the channel will be open to navigation as soon as the ice melts')

Super-classes ShippingByWater^c
TransportationServiceEvent^c

NavigationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavigationDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$NavigationDevice is a device used for #$Navigating, i.e., for taking the bearings and plotting the course of someone or something travelling - often in some transportation device - through some medium. Notable specializations of #$NavigationDevice include #$Sextant and #$Compass.
Super-classes	HumanScaleObject^c Device^c ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Sextant^c Compass^c

Navy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Navy`
Description	$Navy is a specialization of `#$BranchOfMilitaryService. Each instance of #$Navy is a military organization (contemporary or historical) composed mainly of seaborne forces, and/or forces responsible for military operations on water and adjacent coastal areas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'navy' in WordNet: 1. (9) navy, naval forces - (an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare)`
Super-classes	BranchOfMilitaryService^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesNavy

NavyCaptain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavyCaptain

Description

A ''NavyCaptain'' is a Person with the rank of 'Captain' serving in the US Navy.

        This is for a Navy rank; the army 'Captain' has a lower level of
           command responsibility.
       in WordNet:
         2. (14) captain, skipper - (the naval officer in command of a military ship)

Super-classes Captain^c

NavyColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavyColor`
Description	`This is closely related to noun sense 1 of 'navy blue' in WordNet, but this type is an adjective. 1. dark blue, navy, navy blue - (a dark shade of blue) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dark blue' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dark-blue - (of a dark shade of blue)`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	BlackishPurple-Color^c BlackishBlue-Color^c

NavyMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NavyMan`
Description	A ''NavyMan'' is a 'Seaman'' (a male ''Sailor'') who works in a Navy. NOTE: to represent females specifically in the Navy would need a different subtype of ''Sailor'' - which term?? `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sailor' in WordNet: 2. (1) bluejacket, navy man, sailor, sailor boy - (a serviceman in the navy)`
Super-classes	Seaman^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value Navy^c

Nazi^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nazi

Description

CYC: The collection of all believers in the #$GermanNaziIdeology.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nazi' in WordNet:
         1. (6) Nazi, German Nazi - (a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party)

Super-classes Supporter^c
Person^c
PartyInRole^c
AntiSemite^c
Fascist^c
HumanAdult^c

NaziParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaziParty`
Description	The term ''Nazi'' is an abbreviation of the German 'National-Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei'' - 'National socialist German worker party'. The Nazi philosophy is called 'National Socialism'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nazi Party' in WordNet: 1. National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi Party - (the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933)`
Super-classes	PoliticalParty^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value Nazi^c

NaziSwastika^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NaziSwastika`
Description	The ''NaziSwastika'' is a type of ''Swastika'' with the ends of the arms bent to the right, used as the symbol of the Nazi party - and by extension, antisemitism and white supremacy. CYC swastika': Originally (and still) a Hindu symbol of auspiciousness/good luck, believed to have come originally from the pictogram denoting a flock of geese in flight. In the 20th century, it is appropriated by Nazi theorists as a symbol of Aryan supremacy. Because of Nazi beliefs and atrocities, the swastika is now a symbol of right-wing German nationalism and anti-semitism, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swastika' in WordNet: 1. swastika, Hakenkreuz - (the official emblem of the Nazi Party and the Third Reich; a cross with the arms bent at right angles in a clockwise direction)
Super-classes	Swastika^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value NaziParty^c

Near^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Near`
Description	Close, on some scale (including but not only time and physical distance), from the current position or some normal position. This includes physical and abstract notions of 'distance' or 'proximity'. Physical nearness is represented by the subtype 'Nearby'. This sense includes several more specific senses, which are represented by subtypes. NOTE: this concept is also represented in the relation 'isNearTo'. Corresponds to sense 32 of 'close' in RHWL being in or having proximity in space or time: The barn is so close to the house that you can hear the animals. His birthday is in May, close to mine. NOTE: 'near' and 'far' are to some extent subjective and depend on the size(s) of the entities involved as well as the distance between them. This problem is treated probabilistically in the IBM 'Watson' Question-Answering system, particularly as it was structured to answer 'Jeopardy!' questions. From an IBM paper 'Structured data and Inference in DeepQA': 'A particular challenge in geospatial analytics is to interpret subjective notions of proximity such as being near or far, which depend on the magnitude of size of entities and are thus difficult to estimate. Our approach is to use the spatial distance between the candidate answer and the geo-entities in the clue and add one of two spatial-distance features (spatial-distance-near and spatial-distance-far) based on whether the question specifies the answer to be near or far from geo-entities mentioned. We then take advantage of standardized features in the model [5], which normalize a feature score relative to the mean and standard deviation of the feature across all candidate answers for the given question. As a result, the standardized spatial-distance features measure the relative difference in spatial distance between candidate answers from geo-entities in the clue, and the machine learning uses this information during training to learn an appropriate weight for the features, based on the proximity desired, e.g., the spatial-distance-near feature gets a negative weight in the model, as the further away the candidate answer is from the geo-entities in the clue (compared with the other candidates), the less likely it is to be correct.' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'near' and sense 1 and part of sense 3 of of 'close' in WordNet (close in circumstances is not included): in WordNet: 1. (44) near, close, nigh - (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; 'near neighbors'; 'in the near future'; 'they are near equals'; 'his nearest approach to success'; 'a very near thing'; 'a near hit by the bomb'; 'she was near tears'; 'she was close to tears'; 'had a close call') 1. (40) close - (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other; 'close to noon'; 'how close are we to town?'; 'a close formation of ships')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Closer^c Nearby^c CloseInTime^c

NearAtHand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NearAtHand

Description

A subtype of 'EasyToUse' referring to Objects or places that are easy to use because they are close at hand. For small objects, this means usually within the same building; for places, within walking distance.

      Corresponds to part of (within reaching distance) adjective sense 1 of 'at hand' in Wordnet:
        1. (5) at hand, close at hand - (close in space; within reach; 'the town is close at hand')

Super-classes EasyToUse^c
Nearby^c

NearFuture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NearFuture`
Description	''NearFuture'' is a ''FutureTimeInterval'' that is 'near' (relatively close) to ''Today''. The exact time after today depends on context. When talking about slow-moving eological or political Events, the ''NearFuture'' can be a decade or more away. For most cases, it is less than a year a way, and often much closer.
Super-classes	TemporalLocation^c
Restrictions	alwaysFollows^op value Today^c

Nearby^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nearby`
Description	An AttributeValue of things that are close in space, in some relative sense. For small objects, this means usually within the same building; for places, within walking distance. For large objects, such as planets, the sense can include gerat distances that are merely nearby reltive to alternative similar objects, as in the WordNet example: 'concentrated his study on the nearby planet Venus' NOTE: See also 'BeingInProximity' for the state in which things are 'Nearby' to each other. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nearby' and the part of sense 1 of 'near' referring to spatial proximity in WordNet: 1. (8) nearby - (close at hand; 'the nearby towns'; 'concentrated his study on the nearby planet Venus')
Super-classes	Near^c
Sub-classes	Neighboring^c WithinWalkingDistance^c NearAtHand^c

NearlyFlatHolder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NearlyFlatHolder`
Description	A 'NearlyFlatHolder' is an ArtifactObject that is a SupportingObject dsigned to hold solid things or near-solid things under the influence of gravity. A flat mason's hod as well as a nearly flat dish or tray are examples..
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Holder^c
Sub-classes	Saucer^c Tray^c Dish^c

Neat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neat

Description

An AttributeValue of people who perform actions in a way displaying care and orderliness. @ToDo tempoprarily this includes the attribute of things that are orderly (sense 1 of WordNet). Sense 2 should be separate.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 2  of 'neat' and sense 1 of 'tidy' in WordNet,
    applying only to  people's behavior; for 'neat' referring to orderliness of 
    some location or object (including people's appearance), use 'Tidy':
 in WordNet:
    2. (1) neat - (showing care in execution; 'neat homework'; 'neat handwriting')
   WN adjective 'tidy':
    1. tidy - (marked by good order and cleanliness in appearance or
       habits; 'a tidy person'; 'a tidy house'; 'a tidy mind')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Nebula^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nebula`
Description	A 'Nebula'' is a ''CloudlikeObject'' of ''DustParticle''s in OuterSpace that may have a ''GroupOfStars'' in it, especially when the Nebula is in the process of actively giving birth to new stars. These ojects are too faint to be discernable (as yet) anwhere other than within the MilkWay and nearby galaxies. Some are beautiful and inspiring, being lighted by nearby stars and having varied shapes. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nebula' in WordNet: 3. nebula - (an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space)`
Super-classes	OuterSpaceObject^c Group^c CloudlikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only DustParticle^c

Nebulous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nebulous`
Description	'Nebulous' is an AttributeValue of things (physical views or ideas) that are difficult to recognize or understand because the forms within them are poorly defined and indistinct. For texts difficult to understand beause of insufficient detail or confusing phrasing,, use the subtype ''Vague''. A ''View'' can be ''Nebulous'' when objects are made hard to see by clods or darkness. If this is a 'nebulous' definition, that's because the notion itself is. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nebulous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cloudy, nebulose, nebulous - (lacking definite form or limits; 'gropes among cloudy issues toward a feeble conclusion'- H.T.Moore; 'nebulous distinction between pride and conceit') WN and Includes part of adjective sense 2 of 'faint' : 2. (5) dim, faint, shadowy, vague, wispy - (lacking clarity or distinctness; 'a dim figure in the distance'; 'only a faint recollection'; 'shadowy figures in the gloom'; 'saw a vague outline of a building through the fog'; 'a few wispy memories of childhood')
Super-classes	Indistinct^c
Sub-classes	Vague^c

Necessarily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Necessarily

Description

''Necessarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that that attribute must apply; it can also serve as a ''AdverbOfManner'' or a sentential adverb.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'necessarily' in WordNet:
           1. (5) necessarily, needfully - (in an essential manner;
                'such expenses are necessarily incurred')
       2. (4) inevitably, necessarily, of necessity, needs - 
            (in such a manner as could not be otherwise;
          'it is necessarily so'; 'we must needs by objective')
           3. (1) necessarily - (as a highly likely consequence; 
              'we are necessarily bound for federalism in Europe')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Necessary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Necessary`
Description	'Necessary' is an AttributeValue of objects that are required in order to perform some action, or of Events (including PersistentStates) that must occur in order to achieve some Goal. This is one AttributeValue of the FutureSituation (including Actions) that is part of an Obligation; thus ''Compulsory''(=mandatory, required, obligatory) is a subtype. The ''Necessary'' Object can be abstract. NOTE just what kind of action an Object is ''Necessary'' for is not yet directly linked to this AttributeValue other than by its link to the Type ''Requirement''.. NOTE that this is an EvaluativeAttribute, because what seems necessary to one person may not seem necessary to another, even if only to achieve a goal that both disagreeing persons believe to be important or desirable. Disagreement on necessity is a common phenomenon in political disagreements. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'necessary' and sense 1 of 'required' in WordNet: WN 'necessary' 1. (84) necessary - (absolutely essential) WN 'required': 1. (14) needed, needful, required, requisite - (necessary for relief or supply; 'provided them with all things needful') WN adj 'nonarbitrary': 1. nonarbitrary, unarbitrary - (not subject to individual determination)
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Much-needed^c Obligatory^c Compulsory^c Essential^c

NecessaryFutureSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NecessaryFutureSituation`
Description	A 'NecessaryFutureSituation' is a FutureSituation that is necessary to occur for some agent to achieve a Goal or satisfy an Obligation. `Corresponds to only part of noun sense 2 of 'need' in WordNet - that part where a 'need' is a situation, e.g. 'his greatest need was a good day's rest': in Wordnet: 2. (29) need, want - (anything that is necessary but lacking; 'he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs'; 'I tried to supply his wants')`
Super-classes	FutureSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Necessary^c
Sub-classes	RepaymentEvent^c

NecessaryThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NecessaryThing`
Description	Anything - object or event - that is necessary to achieve some Goal. Can be expressed as a noun or verb: 'this plant has a need for water' 'This plant needs water'. `This is specified as a 'Resource' though it may not exist - it is a 'possible' or 'desired' resource. See also subtype ''DesiredQuantity''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'need' in WordNet: 2. (29) need, want - (anything that is necessary but lacking; 'he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs'; 'I tried to supply his wants')`
Super-classes	SalientThing^c Resource^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Necessary^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op some (Goal^c or PossibleFutureSituation^c or GoalSituation^c or GoalType^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	DesiredQuantity^c

NecessitatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NecessitatingSomething`
Description	Each ''NecessitatingSomething'' is an Event (including static situations) that causes some situation that will be perceived by an IntelligentAgent as requiring some Action - represented here as a RiskySituation'' because not performing the 'needed' Action entails some risk of negative consequences.. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'necessitate' and verb sense 2 of 'entail' in WordNet: 2. (4) necessitate - (cause to be a concomitant) WN verb 'entail': 2. (3) entail, implicate - (impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result; 'What does this move entail?')`
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some RiskySituation^c

Necessity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Necessity`
Description	A 'Necessity' is something that is necessary for some purpose. This is a subtype of ''Requirement'' for ''Object''s. 'necessities of life' - food. shelter, clothing `This is the subtype of ''Requirement'' for Objects, alternate to ''Precondition'' which is the subtype for Events. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'necessity' in WordNet: 2. (7) necessity, essential, requirement, requisite, necessary - (anything indispensable; 'food and shelter are necessities of life'; 'the essentials of the good life'; 'allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions'; 'a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained')`
Super-classes	Requirement^c Object^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Essential^c

Neck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neck`
Description	The part of an animal body that connects the head and the trunk. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neck' in WordNet: 1. (34) neck, cervix - (the part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body; 'he admired her long graceful neck')`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Sub-classes	LongNeck^c

Neckerchief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neckerchief`
Description	CYC: A collection of instances of #$Kerchief, folded or rolled and worn about the neck. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neckerchief' in WordNet: 1. neckerchief - (a kerchief worn around the neck)`
Super-classes	PieceOfCloth^c Kerchief^c SquareSheet^c ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Neck^c

Necking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Necking`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which two (usually not more) people engage in intimate kissing which is usually accompanied by close bodily contact (hugging at least) NOTE: this includes hugging (''Embracing'') and kissing, but other actions vary and the effects vary. This is commonly done by couples who do not have sexual interourse regularly. The kind of arousal done as a prelude to sexual intercourse is represented by ''Foreplay''. NOTE" 'smooch' as a verb has a description in WordNet that differs from the meaning here, but in RHW it is similar to this type. NOTE: 'kissing' is a also a specific subEvent and 'hugging' is the parent ''Embracing''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'necking' in WordNet: 2. caressing, cuddling, fondling, hugging, kissing, necking, petting, smooching, snuggling - (affectionate play (or foreplay without contact with the genital organs)) WN verb 'neck': 1. neck, make out - (kiss, embrace, or fondle with sexual passion; 'The couple were necking in the back seat of the car') WN verb 'smooch': 1. smooch, snog, spoon - (snuggle and lie in a position where one person faces the back of the others)
Super-classes	StimulatingSexualArousal^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Embracing^c hasSubEvent^op value KissingOnTheLips^c

Necklace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Necklace`
Description	CYC: The collection of necklaces, a kind of jewelry (usually circular in shape) intended to be worn around the neck. It is classified as a subtype of ''ClosableChain'' and when it is being worn, it is a ''ClosedLoopObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'necklace' in WordNet: 1. (1) necklace - (jewelry consisting of a cord or chain (often bearing gems) worn about the neck as an ornament (especially by women))`
Super-classes	ClothingAccessory^c FlexibleObject^c ClosableChain^c Jewelry^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Neck^c
Sub-classes	ChokerNecklace^c

Necktie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Necktie`
Description	In CYC called 'Tie-Clothing'. CYC: The collection of ties that are worn around the neck. This includes bowties, which are also represented by the subtype 'Bowtie'. (@ToDo: a subtype for hanging neckties? by what name?) In RHW both bowties and hanging ties are included in definition 1 of 'necktie': a band of decorative fabric worn around the neck, under the collar, and tied in front to hang down the front of a shirt or to form a small bow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'necktie' and sense 11 of 'tie' in WordNet: 1. (5) necktie, tie - (neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front; 'he stood in front of the mirror tightening his necktie'; 'he wore a vest and tie')
Super-classes	ClothingAccessory^c MensClothing^c
Restrictions	isFlexiblySuspendedFrom^op value Neck^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Neck^c
Sub-classes	BoloTie^c BowTie^c

Nectar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nectar`
Description	COSMO: A sweet liquid produced in the nectar glands (nectaries) of a flower. Its sweetening agent is commonly sucrose, but glucose and fructose can be present in significant quantity. The sugar composition of nectar varies with flower species, and can vary among individuals of a species. The composition may affect the type of pollinating insects.that a flower attracts. `SUMO: A sweet, sticky liquid that is produced by Plants and that attracts Insects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nectar' in Wordnet: 1. (3) nectar - (a sweet liquid secretion that is attractive to pollinators)`
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c LiquidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SweetTasting^c

Nectary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nectary`
Description	The nectar gland of a flower. Attractive to pollinators such as bees and butterflies. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nectary' in WordNet: 1. (1) nectary, honey gland - (a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar)`
Super-classes	PlantGland^c
Restrictions	secretes^op value Nectar^c

NeedMicrotheory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeedMicrotheory`
Description	CYC: The collection of Microtheories each containing those propositions that describe what some #$Agent needs to be true. This may be distinct from what the #$Agent wants to be true, and depends on some additional assessment of the #$Agent's need by someone else. It may include physical, financial or formal legal 'needs' of the #$Agent.
Super-classes	Microtheory^c
Restrictions	describes^op some NecessaryFutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	Obligation^c

Needle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Needle`
Description	A shaft-shaped metal object with a pointed tip. This is generic, and includes hypodermic needles (with interior channels), sewing needles with a hole at one end, well as solid pins. But it does not include integrated suringe/needle combinations; this type would only apply to the metal shaft component of such a device. `A Phonograph needle would be a subtype, but is not at this point included in this sense. Possible extension. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'needle' in WordNet: 3. (1) needle - (a sharp pointed implement (usually steel))`
Super-classes	PointyEndedObject^c SmallObject^c Shaft^c SharpObject^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c
Sub-classes	KnittingNeedle^c CrochetingNeedle^c HypodermicNeedle^c AcupunctureNeedle^c SewingNeedle^c

NeedleCraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeedleCraft`
Description	''NeedleCraft'' is the Action of producing esthetically pleasing objects with needle and thread. NOTE: the terms 'needlwork' and 'needlecraft' are used for both the activity and the product produced by that activity. CYC has related activities that are not clearly distinguished: 'OrnamentalSewing': The collection of all sewing events that result in the production of some ornamental object. Examples are #$EmbroideringEvent and #$CrossStitchingEvent. A non-example is #$StitchingAWound. CYC: 'Needlepoint'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'needlecraft' in WordNet: 2. needlework, needlecraft - (work (such as sewing or embroidery) that is done with a needle)
Super-classes	SingleDoerAction^c Manufacturing^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c Sewing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Needlework^c usesDeviceType^op value Needle^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	OrnamentalSewing^c

Needlepoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Needlepoint`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'needlepoint' in WordNet: 2. needlepoint, needlepoint embroidery - (embroidery consisting of allover embroidered canvas resembling tapestry)`
Super-classes	Embroidery^c

Needlework^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Needlework`
Description	`NOTE: the terms 'needlework' and 'needlecraft' are used for both the activity and the product produced by that activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'needlework' in WordNet: 1. needlework, needlecraft - (a creation created or assembled by needle and thread)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Needlework^c

Needleworker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Needleworker`
Description	A Person who produces or modifies fabrics using a needle. That needle could be on a sewing machine, or a needle in the hand.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'needleworker' in WordNet: 1. needleworker - (someone who does work (as sewing or embroidery) with a needle)`
Super-classes	Maker^c SkilledWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MakingSomethingBySewing^c
Sub-classes	GarmentMaker^c

NeedyPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeedyPeople`
Description	''NeedyPeople'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'', each of whom is ''needy''. This is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that can have as few as one Person in it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'needy' in WordNet: 1. needy - (needy people collectively; 'they try to help the needy')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impoverished^c

Negative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Negative

Description

''Negative'' is an attribute in contrast to ''Positive'', regarding a ''Answer'' or reply.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'negative' in WordNet:
             1. (12) negative - (characterized by or displaying negation or denial 
                or opposition or resistance; having no positive features;
                'a negative outlook on life'; 'a colorless negative personality'; 
                'a negative evaluation'; 'a negative reaction to an advertising campaign')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NegativeAnswerPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NegativeAnswerPhrase`
Description	A ''NegativeAnswerPhrase'' is an 'AnswerPhrase' that is a negative response to a Question or proposal. This can be in response to any kind of question, or to a formal proposal that is subject to some form of voting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'negative' in WordNet: 1. (1) negative - (a reply of denial; 'he answered in the negative')`
Super-classes	AnswerPhrase^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some (VotingAgainstSomething^c)

NegativeConsequence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NegativeConsequence`
Description	A ''NegativeConsequence'' is an ''Aftermath'' that is undesirable to some degree, from merely unpleasant to fatal or disastrous.
Super-classes	Aftermath^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c
Sub-classes	BurdenOfPunishment^c

NegativeInteger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NegativeInteger`
Description	An Integer that is less than zero.
Super-classes	NegativeRealNumber^c Integer^c

NegativeRealNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NegativeRealNumber`
Description	A RealNumber that is less than zero.
Super-classes	RealNumber^c
Sub-classes	NegativeInteger^c

Negatively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Negatively

Description

This ''Negatively'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions that refer to Events or Adjectives that can be viewed in a 'yes-no' sense, selecting the 'no' sense. 'he responded negatively'. 'She was negatively affected by the change.'

        Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'negatively' in Wordnet:
          2. negatively - (in a negative way; 'he was negatively inclined')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

NegativelyCharged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NegativelyCharged

Description

''NegativelyCharged'' is an attribute that specifies that some Object has an ''ElectricalCharge'' that is 'negative', i.e. the same value as that of an Electron, conrasting with 'positive' or 'neutral'..

     NOTE: the difference between WN 'electronegative' and 'negatively charged' is vague;
        this type includes both, assuming they are identical.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'negative' in WordNet:
         2. (4) negative, electronegative - (having a negative electric charge;
            'electrons are negative')
       WN adj 'negatively charged':
         1. (1) negatively charged - (having a negative charge)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Neglected^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neglected

Description

This sense of ''Neglected'' is for an unintentional or forgetful lack of response to some situation; for intentionally ignoring a situation, use ''Ignored''

        Corresponds to part (for *unintentionally* neglecting) adjective sense 1 of 'neglected' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) ignored, neglected, unheeded - (disregarded; 'his cries were unheeded';
             ' Shaw's neglected one-act comedy, 'A Village Wooing' '; 'her ignored advice')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

NeglectingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeglectingSomething`
Description	''NeglectingSomething'' is an ''Inaction'' in which someone fails to do something that is necessary or normal or expected or obligated - but not due to intentional inaction (see ''PurposefulInaction''), rather for any of various reasons, such as forgetfulness, preoccupation with other matters, distraction by other events. Neglecting a duty to other people is usually represented by the subtype ''NeglectingaCustodialDuty''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'neglect' in WordNet: 2. (4) fail, neglect - (fail to do something; leave something undone; 'She failed to notice that her child was no longer in his crib'; 'The secretary failed to call the customer and the company lost the account')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Inaction^c
Sub-classes	NeglectingaCustodialDuty^c Negligence^c

NeglectingaCustodialDuty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeglectingaCustodialDuty`
Description	''NeglectingaCustodialDuty'' is a ''NeglectingSomething'' in which the 'something' is an Action required by a Person's Obligation (duty) to do something to keep other people safe or comfortable. This applies to people in charge of children or adults in a nursing home or hospital, or building custodians neglecting maintenance duties. 'child neglect' would be one subtype. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 and non senses 3 and 4 of 'neglect' in WordNet: 3. (4) neglect - (fail to attend to; 'he neglects his children') WN noun 'neglect': 3. (1) disregard, neglect - (willful lack of care and attention) 4. negligence, neglect, neglectfulness - (the trait of neglecting responsibilities and lacking concern)`
Super-classes	NeglectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op some FulfillingAnObligation^c
Sub-classes	ChildNeglect^c

Negligence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Negligence`
Description	''Negligence'' is the kind of ''NeglectingSomething'' that might cause harm to another Person and thus would provide a basis for suing to recover 'damages'. This includes some other kinds of 'negligence' but the borders are vague. For lawsuits, use this term (note the WN gloss use of reasonable person., as a lawyer might) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'negligence' in WordNet: 1. (2) negligence, carelessness, neglect, nonperformance - (failure to act with the prudence that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances)`
Super-classes	NeglectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasEventNotOccurring^op some FulfillingAnObligation^c

Negligent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Negligent`
Description	More intense than just 'careless' - suggests not properly performing an obligation. Difficult to distinguish senses 1 and 2. perhaps some relation to an ''Obligation'' could distingsuish ''negligent'' acts that could harm people (legal negligence) from those that cause error or inefficiency. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'negligent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) negligent - (characterized by neglect and undue lack of concern; 'negligent parents'; 'negligent of detail'; 'negligent in his correspondence') 2. negligent - (marked by insufficient care or attention; 'a negligent housekeeper'; 'negligent about personal cleanliness')`
Super-classes	Careless^c BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Slovenly^c

NegligiblySmall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NegligiblySmall`
Description	An attribute meaning 'too small to be important'. Relates to size (magnitude) of any kind. To small physically, too small in effect. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'negligible' and sense 5 of 'insignificant' in WordNet: 1. (7) negligible - (so small as to be meaningless; insignificant; 'the effect was negligible') 2. negligible, paltry, trifling - (not worth considering; 'he considered the prize too paltry for the lives it must cost'; 'piffling efforts'; 'a trifling matter') WN adjective 'nominal': 2. (1) nominal, token, tokenish - (insignificantly small; a matter of form only ('tokenish' is informal); 'the fee was nominal'; 'a token gesture of resistance'; 'a toknenish gesture')
Super-classes	Small^c Trivial^c
Sub-classes	Borderline^c

Negotiating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Negotiating`
Description	A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence and #$MultiDirectionalCommunication. In each instance of this collection an #$IntelligentAgent communicates with another #$IntelligentAgent with the (ostensible) purpose of their reaching an #$Agreement. Two notable specializations of this collection are #$Bargaining and #$ContractNegotiation. SUMO: A Contest where each participant attempts to maximize his self-interest in a Promise that marks the end of the Contest. Includes verb sense 1 of 'negotiate' and noun sense 1 and 2 of 'negotiation' in Wordnet: 1. (17) negociate, negotiate, talk terms - (discuss the terms of an arrangement; 'They negotiated the sale of the house') WN noun 'negotiation': 1. (2) negotiation, dialogue, talks - (a discussion intended to produce an agreement; 'the buyout negotiation lasted several days'; 'they disagreed but kept an open dialogue'; 'talks between Israelis and Palestinians') 2. negotiation - (the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms)
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c ConflictEvent^c Discussion^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value Agreement^c
Sub-classes	Mediating^c Diplomacy^c Brokering^c Bargaining^c Parleying^c

Negotiator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Negotiator`
Description	A ''Negotiator'' is someone who negotiates. This is not necessarily done by a ''Representative'', as ''Negotiator''s may be negotiating on their own behalf, i.e. may be a 'principal' in the negotiation.. `CYC: One who engages in discussions, working toward agreements between the organization they represent and some other organization or individual. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'negotiator' in WordNet: 1. negotiator, negotiant, treater - (someone who negotiates (confers with others in order to reach a settlement))`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Communicator^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Negotiating^c

Negro^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Negro`
Description	Any person having a significant portion of negroid traits, paricularly as to skin color. Those who are residents in the United States with African heritage are now referred to as 'African-American', and the term 'Negro' is disapproved by many as a reference to this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'negro' in WordNet: 1. (22) Black, Black person, blackamoor, Negro, Negroid - (a person with dark skin who comes from Africa (or whose ancestors came from Africa))`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Sub-classes	Nigra^c African-AmericanPerson^c

Neighbor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neighbor`
Description	A 'Neighbor' is a Person who lives in the Neighborhood of someone else to whom s/he is a Neighbor. To live in one's neighborhood, one must be within a short few minutes walking distance. Each 'Neighbor' is a Neighbor only with respect to some location, which must be specified by the restriction: to say that someone is one's neighor, one must specify where one is located: e.g. 'my neighbor in Fort Myers', where Fort Myers may only be a summer residence, not a permanent residence. This Role is meaningful only with respect to some other Person to whom the 'Neighbor' is also a 'Neighbor', as the relation is symmetrical - the Person who has the 'Neighbor' is designated by the 'isNearTo' relation (this is not always true - the neighbor 'lives' near, but is not always in the same location; but the relation should hold at some time). To fully express that the Neighbor resides in a Neighborhood, and a reciprocal Neighbor resides in the same Neighborhood would require FOL axioms or some symmetrical relation) A Neighbor is not necessarily an Acquaintance. Includes noun senses 1 of 'neighbor' in WordNet: 1. (23) neighbor, neighbour - (a person who lives (or is located) near another)
Super-classes	HumanRole^c NeighboringObject^c
Restrictions	isNearTo^op some Person^c isLocatedAt^op some Neighborhood^c

Neighborhood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neighborhood`
Description	A part of a 'HumanResidenceRegion', as in 'he lives in my neighborhood'. This is the region where one's neighbors live. In some places, a 'neighborhood' could be called a 'district', and although it is a place populated by people, it is not necessarily primarily a residential district, as in a 'financial district' or 'business district' of a city. See also 'CityArea', which seems to overlap, but the distinctions have not yet (rev1103) been detailed. Note that this is an OutdoorLocation. @ToDo - may be contradiction, if inside a house is part of a Neighborhood. NOTE that a 'Neighborhood' may but does not have to have a name. The boundaries of 'Neighborhood's are arbitrary and can overlap, being only an expression of relative nearness, and relatively small size (walking distance from one end to the other). The restriction requires that the large jurisdiction ('City') in which the Neighborhood is located be specified. RHW: 2. a district or locality, often with reference to its character or inhabitants: a fashionable neighborhood; to move to a nicer neighborhood. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'neighborhood' and part of sense 7 of 'community" in WordNet, being only that part that is no larger than a city neighborhood of a few blocks in each direction.: in WordNet: WN noun 'community': 7. residential district, residential area, community - (a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences) WN noun 'neghborhood': 1. (28) vicinity, locality, neighborhood, neighbourhood, neck of the woods - (a surrounding or nearby region; 'the plane crashed in the vicinity of Asheville'; 'it is a rugged locality'; 'he always blames someone else in the immediate neighborhood'; 'I will drop in on you the next time I am in this neck of the woods')
Super-classes	Locality^c HumanResidenceRegion^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op some CityRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CitadelAreaOfHue

NeighborhoodFolk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeighborhoodFolk`
Description	A ''NeighborhoodFolk'' is the GroupOfPeople'' living within a short distance of someone (to whom this type relates as the reference Person). RHW: 3. a number of persons living near one another or in a particular locality: The whole neighborhood was there. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'neighborhood' and part (restricted in location to a neighborhood) of 'community' in WordNet, in WordNet: WN noun 'community': 2. (14) neighborhood, neighbourhood - (people living near one another; 'it is a friendly neighborhood'; 'my neighborhood voted for Bush') WN noun 'community': 1. (67) community - (a group of people living in a particular local area; 'the team is drawn from all parts of the community')
Super-classes	Group^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Neighbor^c

Neighboring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neighboring`
Description	''Neighboring'' is the attribute of some ''Pair'' of ''IntelligentAgent''s who reside very nearby (if people) or control territories (if ''GeopoliticalEntity''s) that are close (not necessarily ''Adjacent'' - that is represented as ''Adjacent''.) `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neighboring' in Wordnet: 1. (6) neighboring, neighbouring - (situated near one another; 'neighbor states')`
Super-classes	Nearby^c
Sub-classes	Adjacent^c

NeighboringObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeighboringObject`
Description	A 'NeighboringObject' is an Object (physical or abstract) that is relatively close to another Object, in some Space. for people who live near each other, use the subtype 'Neighbor'. See 'isNearTo' for more discussion about the relative aspect of 'nearness'. This Role is meaningful only with respect to some other Object (usually of the same type) to whom the 'Neighbor' is also a 'Neighbor', as the relation is symmetrical. The Object that has the 'Neighbor' is designated by the 'isNearTo' relation; but for movable PhysicalObjects the relation may hold only at some time. A technical subtype could be 'nearest meighbor' in some mathematical or statistical analysis. This is not yet (rev1121) represented. coresponds to noun sense 2 of 'neighbor' in WordNet: 2. neighbor, neighbour - (a nearby object of the same kind; 'Fort Worth is a neighbor of Dallas'; 'what is the closest neighbor to the Earth?')
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	isNearTo^op some Object^c
Sub-classes	Neighbor^c

Neighing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neighing`
Description	Action which produces the common horse utterance. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'neigh' in WordNet: 1. neigh, nicker, whicker, whinny - (make a characteristic sound, of a horse)`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value NeighingSound^c hadMainParticipant^op value Horse^c

NeighingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeighingSound

Description

CYC: The collection of neighing sounds made by #$Horses.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neigh' in WordNet:

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Nematode^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nematode

Description

Nematodes are microscopic worms that cause eighty billion dollars of crop loss in the world each year. Nematodes constitute one of the most important and abundant groups within the animal kingdom and are highly capable of surviving in any environment. In general, nematodes have slender, cylindrical, non-segmented bodies tapering towards the head and tail, but females of some of the plant-parasitic species assume varying forms, such as pear, lemon or kidney shapes. They are called plant-parasitic because of the nutrients they get from plants and have a needle-like structure called stylet, which is used to pierce plant cells to get food.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nematode' in Wordnet:
          1. nematode, nematode worm, roundworm - (unsegmented worms with 
             elongated rounded body pointed at both ends; mostly free-living but
             some are parasitic)

Super-classes Parasite^c
Worm^c

Neodymium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neodymium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of neodymium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Neodymium or NeodymiumStuff.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neodymium' in WordNet:
         1. neodymium, Nd, atomic number 60 - 
            (a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; 
            occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with 
            cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Neologism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neologism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neologism' in WordNet: 1. neologism, neology, coinage - (a newly invented word or phrase)`
Super-classes	Word^c
Sub-classes	NonceWord^c

Neologizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neologizing`
Description	`RHW verb 'neologize': 1. to make or use new words or create new meanings for existing words.`
Super-classes	Word^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Neologism^c

Neon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neon

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of neon in stuffeous form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neon' in WordNet:
          1. neon, Ne, atomic number 10 -
             (a colorless odorless gaseous element that give 
              a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gases; 
              occurs in the air in small amounts)

Super-classes NonMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
Gas^c

Nephew^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nephew

Description

The son of a brother or sister.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nephew' in WordNet:
    1. (8) nephew - (a son of your brother or sister)

Super-classes BiologicalRelation^c
MalePerson^c

Neptunium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neptunium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of neptunium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Neptunium or NeptuniumStuff.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neptunium' in WordNet:
          1. neptunium, Np, atomic number 93 - 
            (a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found 
            in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Nerd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nerd`
Description	A ''Nerd'' is a Student who is considered as overly studious and socially inept by other students. `NOTE: 'wonk' is a synonym of 'nerd' but 'wonk' is also used to characterise a Person who concerns her/himself with technical details of some subject or issue or problem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerd' in WordNet: 1. swot, grind, nerd, wonk, dweeb - (an insignificant student who is ridiculed as being affected or studying excessively)`
Super-classes	Student^c HumanYouth^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nerdy^c

Nerdy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nerdy

Description

'Nerdy' is a pertaining attribute relating to ''Nerd''s, usually meaning overly studious to the point of ignoring social graces. Usually applied to male students.

       RHW adj 'nerdy': Slang. of or like a nerd.

Super-classes Studious^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Nerve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nerve`
Description	One or more bundles of fibers forming part of the nervous system in animals, that conveys electrical impulses between parts of the body, to detect sensation or cause motion of muscle fibers. Nerves may extend from the brain to the periphery of an animal, or from the spinal cord to other parts of the body, without passing through the brain. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerve' in WordNet: 1. (6) nerve, nervus - (any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Animal^c hasPhysicalPart^op some Neuron^c
Sub-classes	CranialNerve^c

NerveCell^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NerveCell

Description

A ''NerveCell'' is a ''Cell'' that is part of a the nervous system.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerve cell' in WordNet:
        1. nerve cell, neuron - (a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses)

Super-classes Cell^c

NerveFiber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NerveFiber`
Description	A ''NerveFiber'' is a ''Fiber'' that is a projecting part of a ''NerveCell''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerve fiber' in WordNet: 1. nerve fiber, nerve fibre - (a threadlike extension of a nerve cell)`
Super-classes	CordlikeObject^c CellPart^c SurfaceSpike^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value NerveImpulse^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value NerveCell^c
Sub-classes	Dendrite^c Axon^c

NerveImpulse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NerveImpulse`
Description	A ''Nerve Impulse'' is an ''ElectricalDischarge'' along some ''NerveFiber''. This is accomplished by movement of ions across the NerveFiber membrane, not by movement of electrons in a conductor.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerve impulse' in WordNet: 1. nerve impulse, impulse - (the electrical discharge that travels along a nerve fiber; 'they demonstrated the transmission of impulses from the cortex to the hypothalamus')`
Super-classes	ElectricalDischarge^c ElectricalConduction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Ion^c occursAt^op value NerveFiber^c

Nerviness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nerviness`
Description	`Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'nerve' in WordNet: 3. boldness, nerve, brass, face, cheek - (impudent aggressiveness; 'I couldn't believe her boldness'; 'he had the effrontery to question my honesty')`
Super-classes	Aggressiveness^c Impudence^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Impudent^c
Sub-classes	Cockiness^c

Nervous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nervous`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling Nervousness. 'uneasy lies the head that wears the crown'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'nervous' and includes adjective sense 1 of 'uneasy' in WordNet: 2. anxious, nervous, queasy, uneasy, unquiet - (causing or fraught with or showing anxiety; 'spent an anxious night waiting for the test results'; 'cast anxious glances behind her'; 'those nervous moments before takeoff'; 'an unquiet mind') WN adjective 'uneasy': 1. (15) uneasy - (lacking a sense of security or affording no ease or reassurance; 'farmers were uneasy until rain finally came'; 'uneasy about his health'; 'gave an uneasy laugh'; 'uneasy lies the head that wears the crown'; 'an uneasy coalition government'; 'an uneasy calm'; 'an uneasy silence fell on the group') 'an unquiet mind')
Super-classes	Concerned^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Anxious^c

NervousSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NervousSystem`
Description	A specialization of both #$ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem and #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$NervousSystem is a bodily system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves of an animal (see the collections #$Brain, #$SpinalCord, and #$Nerve). This system enables the animal to receive, interpret, and respond to various stimuli. `NOTE: as a ''System'' this is a Group,but it contains not only ''NerveCell's but other things as well, including the connections and relations between the component cells and to other cells otside the NervousSystem.. SUMO: A system in Vertebrates that is made up of the Brain, the spinal cord, nerves, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nervous system' in WordNet: 1. (2) nervous system, systema nervosum - (the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells)`
Super-classes	ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c PhysiologicalSystem^c AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 50

Nervously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nervously

Description

''Nervously'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions to specify that the actions described were performed in a ''Nervous'' manner or in a manner exxhibiting nervousness.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'nervously' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) nervously - (in an anxiously nervous manner; 'we watched the stock market nervously')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Nervousness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nervousness`
Description	Feeling of nervousness and excitability. One can be nervous ABOUT something in particular, or one can have undirected feelings of anxiety. For the former, state an assertion of the form (#$feelsTowardsObject AGT OBJ #$Nervousness DEGREE) or (#$feelsTowardsEvent AGT EVNT #$Nervousness DEGREE); but for the latter (undirected feelings of anxiety) use (#$feelsEmotion AGT #$Nervousness). Note: This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. A more specialized #$FeelingType than #$Nervousness is #$Panic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nervousness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) jitteriness, jumpiness, nervousness, restiveness - (the anxious feeling you have when you have the jitters)`
Super-classes	Anxiety^c
Sub-classes	Stress-Feeling^c Panic^c

Nest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nest`
Description	CYC: The collection of all nests built by animals. #$NestForBirds and #$NestForBees are two major specializations of #$Nest. `Note: a 'Nest' is used not just for an overnight stay, but for any of the ''BiologicalDevelopmentEvent''s involved in reproducing, including hatching and maturing,i.e.any phase in life from birth to leaving the nest. SUMO: Any structure which is created by nonhuman Animals for the purpose of giving birth to their offspring. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nest' in WordNet: 1. (14) nest - (a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young)`
Super-classes	Habitation^c AnimalMadeShelter^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c isUsedInAction^op value Nesting^c isCreatedByAgentType^op some BeastType^c
Sub-classes	NestForBees^c NestForBirds^c

NestForBees^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NestForBees`
Description	A Nest created by some Bees. `No 'beehive' in CYC. Unclear if this is a synonym or parent type.`
Super-classes	Nest^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op some Bee^c
Sub-classes	Beehive^c

NestForBirds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NestForBirds`
Description	A Nest created by a Bird. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird nest' in WordNet: 1. bird's nest, bird nest, birdnest - (nest where birds lay their eggs and hatch their young)`
Super-classes	Nest^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op some Bird^c

Nesting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nesting

Description

Nesting is the action of an animal that dwells in a 'nest', usually for the purpose of breeding, such as laying eggs.

    Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nest' in WordNet:
       1. (4) nest - (inhabit a nest, usually after building;
          'birds are nesting outside my window every Spring')

Super-classes DwellingSomewhere^c

NetFinancialAssets^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NetFinancialAssets`
Description	''NetFinancialAssets'' is the difference between Assets and Debts (or liabilities). For an individual it is considered 'net worth'.
Super-classes	FinancialAsset^c

NetTrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NetTrap`
Description	A 'NetTrap' is a 'net' designed to trap animals. NOTe that this includes ''SpiderWeb''s - other more specific trap nets can be defined when needed as subtypes of this. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'net' in WordNet: 2. (2) net - (a trap made of netting to catch fish or birds or insects)`
Super-classes	TrapDevice^c Mesh^c
Sub-classes	FishingNet^c

Netting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Netting

Description

''Netting'' is a substance that is sheet-like that is made of thread-like fibers (wire, plastic, thread, rope) that crosseach other but is not woven, in that the crossing fibers are connected to each other at the crossing points. Thus woven nets like 'Screening' are not subtypes.

      CYC: A fabric of cords or wires that cross at regular
        intervals and are knotted at the crossings.

       There is no exact WN synset for this sense; the closest is 'netting',
        but that seems to be woven and transparent,not characteristics of this type.
        Corresponds only approximately to  *part* (not necesarily transparent) 
            of noun sense 1 of 'netting' in WordNet:
          1. gauze, netting, veiling - (a net of transparent fabric with a loose open weave)

Super-classes SheetlikeSubstance^c
GenericNetwork^c

NettleOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NettleOrder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nettle' in Wordnet: 1. nettle - (any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae))`
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Cannabis^c FigTree^c HempFamily^c

Network^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Network`
Description	Any Object that is composed of multiple, mostly similar parts that are connected to each other by paths (physical or metaphorical) in such a way that the combination of connections imparts certain properties to the whole that arise from the multiple connections and are not present with only one or two connections - though three or four pieces or connections can form a primitive Network (as in a PictureFrame). A SpiderWeb is an instance of Network. This is a very general notion, including both physical and abstract Objects, such as computer networks, social networks of people, broadcasting networks, netting (for various purposes, such as fish nets), and frameworks for buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'network' in WordNet: 1. (23) network, web - (an interconnected system of things or people; 'he owned a network of shops'; 'retirement meant dropping out of a whole network of people who had been part of my life'; 'tangled in a web of cloth')
Super-classes	GenericNetwork^c FunctionalSystem^c
Sub-classes	ComputerNetwork^c PowerGrid^c PhysicalWeb^c Framework^c

NetworkCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NetworkCommunication`
Description	Any form of communication within a ''ComputerNetwork''
Super-classes	CommunicatingUsingADevice^c ComputerActivity^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value ComputerNetwork^c
Sub-classes	RoutingData^c InternetCommunication^c

NetworkContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NetworkContext`
Description	The NetworkContext of a computational system consists of the number, type, and status of network connections connected to system ports, as well as any the type and status of software components that have the capbility of interacting with networks. A 'netowrk' includes only those communications links that are connected to other computers; links to other devices such as measuring devices or non-network output devices, are not condered as part of the 'network'.
Super-classes	SystemContext^c

NetworkOfLines^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NetworkOfLines`
Description	A ''NetworkOfLines'' is a ''GenericNetwork'' that is a pattern of intersecting lines on a surface having some contrasting background color. The pattern formed by the lines can be almost anything with more than one intersection except a pattern of mostly non-intersecting or mostly parallel ''Stripe''s.
Super-classes	GenericNetwork^c PatternOfLines^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op value Line^c

NetworkRouter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NetworkRouter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'router' in WordNet: 2. router - ((computer science) a device that forwards data packets between computer networks)`
Super-classes	TransmittingDevice^c ElectronicDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value RoutingData^c

Neural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neural`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neural' in Wordnet: 1. nervous, neural - (of or relating to the nervous system; 'nervous disease'; 'neural disorder')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

NeuralProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeuralProcess`
Description	A ''NeuralProcess'' is a ''BiologicalProcess'' of any type, including biochemical reactions,interactions of ''BiochemicalCompound''s with each other and with neural membranes. transport of substances across neural membranes, increases or decreases in neueal membrane permeability, and any other Event that occurs characteristically inside or around a neuron.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c
Sub-classes	CognitiveFactor^c

NeuralStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeuralStructure`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neural structure' in WordNet: 1. neural structure - (a structure that is part of the nervous system)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c AnatomicalStructure^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Neuron^c
Sub-classes	BrainPart^c

Neuralgia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neuralgia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neuralgia' in WordNet: 1. neuralgia, neuralgy - (acute spasmodic pain along the course of one or more nerves)`
Super-classes	PainOrAche^c AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	Sciatica^c

Neurobiology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurobiology`
Description	''Neurobiology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' that studies the ''NervousSystem''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurobiology' in WordNet: 1. neurobiology - (the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system)`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value NervousSystem^c
Sub-classes	Neuroscience^c

Neurochemical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurochemical`
Description	A ''Neurochemical'' is a ''BiochemicalCompound'' that performs some function in the transmission of neural impulses in an animal nervous system. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurochemical' in WordNet: 1. neurochemical - (any organic substance that occurs in neural activity)`
Super-classes	BiochemicalCompound^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Neurotransmission^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Neuron^c

Neurological^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurological`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neurological' in Wordnet: 1. (1) neurological, neurologic - (of or relating to or used in or practicing neurology; 'neurological evidence')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

NeurologicalDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeurologicalDisease`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurological disease' in WordNet: 1. nervous disorder, neurological disorder, neurological disease - (a disorder of the nervous system)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	Neuropathy^c BrainDisease^c

Neurologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurologist`
Description	CYC: ''Neurologis''s are doctors who are skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and disease of the nervous system.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurologist' in WordNet: 1. neurologist, brain doctor - (a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it)`
Super-classes	Biologist^c MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Neurology^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value NervousSystem^c

Neurology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurology`
Description	''Neurology'' is the branch of ''Medicine'' concerned with how the nervous system functions, and how it malfunctions. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'neurology' in WordNet: 1. neurology - (the branch of medical science that deals with the nervous system) 2. neurology, clinical neurology - ((neurology) the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its disorders)
Super-classes	Biology^c Medicine^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value NervousSystem^c hasTopic^op value PainOrAche^c
Sub-classes	Psychiatry^c

Neuron^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neuron

Description

A single nerve cell.

      CYC: The collection of nerve cells. The #$Neuron is the
        basic structural unit of the #$NervousSystem. A bundle of
        #$Neurons together makes up a #$Nerve. #$Neurons can have
        axons which are quite long.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neuron' in WordNet:
          1. nerve cell, neuron - (a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses)

Super-classes SolidObject^c
AnimalBodyRegion^c

Neuronal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neuronal

Description

''Neuronal'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to one or Group of ''Neuron''s.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'neural' in Wordnet:
        2. neural, neuronal, neuronic - (of or relating to neurons; 'neural network')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Neuropathy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neuropathy

Description

A ''Neuropathy'' is any ''NeurologicalDisease'' that primarily affects the peripheral nerves.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neuropathy' in WordNet:
         1. neuropathy - (any pathology of the peripheral nerves)

Super-classes NeurologicalDisease^c

Neuroscience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neuroscience`
Description	''Neuroscience'' is a subtype of ''Neurobiology'' that studies the ''NervousSystem'' with more emphasis on the internal processes of ''Neuron''s. `Difference between ''Neuroscience'' and ''Neurobiology''??? Should the parenttype/subtype relation be reversed? RHW 'neuroscience': the field of study encompassing the various scientific disciplines dealing with the structure, development, function, chemistry, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neuroscience' in WordNet: 1. neuroscience - (the scientific study of the nervous system)`
Super-classes	Neurobiology^c FieldOfStudy^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value NervousSystem^c

Neurosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurosis`
Description	''Neurosis''' is a ''PsychologicalAilment'' that can range from mild to severe, but is generally less serious than ''Psychosis'', with the sufferers still having functional contact with reality. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurosis' in WordNet: 1. (8) neurosis, neuroticism, psychoneurosis - (a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction)`
Super-classes	PsychologicalAilment^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value NeuroticPerson^c

Neurotic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurotic

Description

''Neurotic'' is the term used in COSMO as the label for the disease ''Neurosis'' and its symptoms, rather than the Person affected.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neurotic' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) neurotic - (characteristic of or affected by neurosis; 
               'neurotic disorder'; 'neurotic symptoms')

Super-classes MentallyIll^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

NeuroticPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeuroticPerson`
Description	A ''NeuroticPerson'' .is someone who is ''PsychoNeurotic'', i.e. suffers from a ''Neurosis'', i.e. is ''MentallyIll'' at a level milder than that of a ''PsychoticPerson''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurotic' in WordNet: 1. (1) neurotic, psychoneurotic, mental case - (a person suffering from neurosis)`
Super-classes	SickPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Neurosis^c isTheSubjectOfState^op value Neurosis^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PsychoNeurotic^c

Neurotransmission^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurotransmission

Description

A ''BiologicalProcess'' is any of the many types of activity that occur characteristically in Organisms, usually involving some types of bichemical reaction or interaction of ''BiochemicalCompound''s with each other or parts of the organism (such as binding to membranes, transport across membranes, stimulating or suppressing nerotransmission, anabolism or catabolism, muscular actions, production or secretions of substances, or neural processes causing muscular or other physiological effects, among many others).

       RHW: neurotransmission, n.  the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse.

Super-classes PhysiologicalProcess^c

Neurotransmitter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neurotransmitter`
Description	A ''Neurotransmitter'' is a ''Neurochemical'' that stimulates ''''. ? use ''supportsFunctioningOf'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurotransmitter' in WordNet: 1. neurotransmitter - (transmits nerve impulses across a synapse)`
Super-classes	BiochemicalCompound^c
Sub-classes	Acetylcholine^c

Neutral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neutral

Description

''Neutral'' is the ''GoodnessValue'' that is neither ''Good''' nor ''Bad'. A very broad EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated does not have any special character to make it seem beneficial or detriental for the evaluator's purpose.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neutral' in WordNet:
          1. (5) neutral - (neither moral nor immoral; neither good nor evil, right nor wrong)

Super-classes Positive^c
GoodnessValue^c

NeutralParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeutralParty`
Description	Needs to be broadened to include countries. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neutral' in WordNet: 1. neutral - (one who does not side with any party in a war or dispute)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unbiased^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impartial^c
Sub-classes	StakesHolder^c

Neutrality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neutrality

Description

''Neutrality'' is a subtype of ''Tolerance'' characterizing a person who makes ''Impartial'' judgments.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'neutrality' in WordNet:
          2. disinterest, neutrality - (tolerance attributable to a lack of involvement)

Super-classes Tolerance^c
Impartiality^c

Neutralized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neutralized`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neutralized' in Wordnet: 1. (1) neutralized, neutralised - (made neutral in some respect; deprived of distinctive characteristics)`
Super-classes	Weaker^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Neutralizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neutralizing`
Description	''Neutralizing'' is the Event that leads to a complete elimination of some attribute that can be present or absent in an Object. Partial elimination would be a ''Reduction''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'neutralize' in WordNet: 2. (1) neutralize, neutralise, nullify, negate - (make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of; 'Her optimism neutralizes his gloom'; 'This action will negate the effect of my efforts')`
Super-classes	Weakening^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Weaker^c
Sub-classes	NeutralizingAnAcid^c CooptingaGroup^c

NeutralizingAnAcid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeutralizingAnAcid`
Description	''NeutralizingAnAcid'' is an Event in which some acdic substance loses its acidity, typically by the addition of something such as a basic substance (like 'lye') or something else that reacts with the acid (such as ''BakingSoda''). `Corresponds to part (for chemical acidity( verb sense 1 of 'neutralize' in WordNet: 2. (1) neutralize, neutralise, nullify, negate - (make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of; 'Her optimism neutralizes his gloom'; 'This action will negate the effect of my efforts')`
Super-classes	Neutralizing^c Action^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value ChemicallyNeutral^c

Neutrino^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neutrino`
Description	A ''Neutrino'' is a FundamentalParticle with a neutral charge, very light and interacting very weakly with other forms of matter. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neutrino' in WordNet: 1. neutrino - (an elementary particle with zero charge and zero mass)`
Super-classes	SubAtomicParticle^c
Sub-classes	TauNeutrino^c

Neutron^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neutron

Description

A specialization of #$Nucleon. Each instance of #$Neutron is a nucleon with an electrical charge of 0.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neutron' in Wordnet:
          1. neutron - (an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal 
          to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus)

Super-classes Nucleon^c

Neutrophil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neutrophil`
Description	A subclass of #$WhiteBloodCell, quite similar to #$Macrophage in size, structure and function, which, unlike macrophages, circulate in the #$Blood. Given chemical stimulus they exit the bloodstream and enter tissues. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neutrophil' in WordNet: 1. (5) neutrophil, neutrophile - (the chief phagocytic leukocyte; stains with either basic or acid dyes)`
Super-classes	WhiteBloodCell^c
Restrictions	isNormallyLocatedAt^op value Blood^c

NeverEver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeverEver`
Description	'NeverEver' is the type that includes all time intervals that are described as 'never', i.e. TimeIntervals that do not exist. As a crude approximation to the meaning of 'never', 'NeverEver' is defined as disjoint with 'TimeInterval' and therefore cannot overlap any real TimeInterval. The instance 'Never' can serve to represent the meaning of 'never' in the ontology. `The instance 'Never' Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'never' in WordNet: 1. (255) never, ne'er - (not ever; at no time in the past or future; 'I have never been to China'; 'I shall never forget this day'; 'had never seen a circus'; 'never on Sunday'; 'I will never marry you!')`
Super-classes	TemporalLocation^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Never

NeverMarried^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeverMarried`
Description
Super-classes	Unmarried^c

New^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#New`
Description	COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to things that are recently created - artificially or naturally. 'New' is a vague term, and relative to normal time period expectations. This is for objects; for Events that have occured in the near past, use 'Recent'. The linguistic usage of 'new' and 'recent' overlap, but this COSMO sense sould only be applies to objects that have been recently created ('a newborn baby') For the sense of 'newly invented' use 'Novel-New'. Cyc: The collection of all #$Artifacts which have been recently (a context-dependent term) produced and are in a state little altered from that immediately following manufacture. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'new' and part of sense 1 of 'recent' in WordNet: 1. (980) new - (not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered; 'a new law'; 'new cars'; 'a new comet'; 'a new friend'; 'a new year'; 'the New World') WN 'recent' 1. (36) recent - (being new in a time not long past; 'recent graduates'; 'a recent addition to the house'; 'recent buds on the apple trees')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Novel-New^c Nascent^c NewFangled^c BrandNew^c

NewArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewArtifact`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Artifacts which have been recently (a context-dependent term) produced and are in a state little altered from that immediately following manufacture.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value New^c

NewDevelopment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewDevelopment`
Description	A ''NewDevelopment'' is a new ''PersistentState'' caused by some recent ''Arising'' Event that changes a situation of interest to some people, that has occurred in the recent past in which new things have happened to some entity (often people or social situations or research results) that may be discussed or reported on (as 'Breaking News'). 'The latest developments in the DOD kickback scandal.' `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'development' in WordNet: 3. (89) development - (a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation; 'recent developments in Iraq'; 'what a revolting development!')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op only Arising^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Novel-New^c
Sub-classes	ComplicationEvent^c

NewFangled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewFangled`
Description	'NewFangled' is an EvaluativeAttribute assigned to things that have replaced older things in common use, and are considerd by the speaker to be no real improvement over the old, bu their system of setting value. This is an EvalutativeAttribute because certain communities may consider something new-fangled and of lesser value, while others may not. This attribute is relative to some community which considers the older usage to be most appropriate. This is an approximate opposite of 'old-fashioned'. 'newfangled contraptions'. The Old-Order Amish consider as lot of things to be 'Newfangled'. This should be used only in the context of a speaker expressing a value judgment. `Corrresponds to the only adjective sense of 'newfangled' in WordNet: 1. newfangled, new - ((of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new; 'newfangled ideas'; 'she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them')`
Super-classes	Modern^c EvaluativeAttribute^c New^c Up-to-date^c
Sub-classes	LatestFashioned^c Cutting-edge^c

NewFound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewFound`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'newfound' in Wordnet: 1. newfound - (newly discovered; 'his newfound aggressiveness'; 'Hudson pointed his ship down the coast of the newfound sea')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

NewHire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewHire`
Description	This is for ''Civilian''s. Military newbies are represented by ''Recruit''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hire' in WordNet: 1. hire - (a newly hired employee; 'the new hires need special training') WN noun 'recruit': 2. (2) recruit, enlistee - (any new member or supporter (as in the armed forces))`
Super-classes	Civilian^c Employee^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value EmployeeHiring^c

NewKnowledge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewKnowledge`
Description	'NewKnowledge' is ''Knowledge'' that was not previously known (by the Person to whom it is ''New''). This may be acqired by reading, research, observation, reasoning, or''Insight'.
Super-classes	Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value New^c
Sub-classes	Findings^c

NewLife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewLife`
Description	A ''NewLife'' is a mythological or religious concept of a 'Lifetime' that starts after a Person has died and resumes that Person's life in some form. Being mythological, the form of life can differ depending on who is hypothesizing this kind of phenomenon. If the ''NewLife'' contines for eternit, it is aninstance of the subtype ''EternalLife''.
Super-classes	Lifetime^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op only Death^c
Sub-classes	EternalLife^c

NewResidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewResidence`
Description	A ''NewResidence'' is the ''Residence'' that a person occupies immediately after a ''ChangeOfResidence''.
Super-classes	Residence^c

NewTestament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewTestament`
Description	The ''NewTestament'' is the abstract content of that part of the ''Bible'' approved by Christian authorities as properly representing the teacings of Jesus Christ. This includes the first four books of the New Testament and the Acts of the Apostles and Revelation and Letters of the apostles to early Christian groups.. The individual ''Gospel''s (Metthew Mark Luke or John) would be separate parts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'New Testament' in WordNet: 1. (2) New Testament - (the collection of books of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline and other epistles, and Revelation; composed soon after Christ's death; the second half of the Christian Bible)`
Super-classes	Scripture^c
Restrictions	isSacredTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christianity^c isSacredTo^op value ChristianGroup^c isaProperPartOf^op value Bible^c

NewYorkCop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCop`
Description	Any police officer employed by New York City.
Super-classes	PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityNY_USA^c

Newbie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newbie`
Description	A ''Newbie'' is a Person who has recently begun some activity. Subtypes are ''Freshman'' (for schools) and ''Novice'' (for types of skilled activity) and 'Newcomer'' for recent arrivals to a place. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newbie' in WordNet: 1. newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, freshman, newbie, entrant - (any new participant in some activity)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	Novice^c Freshman^c Rookie^c Newcomer^c

NewbornAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewbornAnimal`
Description	An instance of #$LifeStageType and a specialization of #$JuvenileAnimal. #$NewbornAnimal is the collection of all animals that are newly born.
Super-classes	JuvenileAnimal^c
Sub-classes	NewbornBaby^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BabyBeethoven

NewbornBaby^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewbornBaby

Description

The stage of life from birth to a few weeks old, normally before a child interacts much with its environment.

        Linguistically, 'baby' (and less often 'infant') are used to refer to a newborn, and
         in medicine, 'the technical term 'neonate'

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neonate' and sense 1 of 'newborn' in WordNet:
           1. neonate, newborn, newborn infant, newborn baby -
             (a baby from birth to four weeks)

Super-classes NewbornAnimal^c
HumanInfant^c

Newcomer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newcomer

Description

A ''Newcomer'' is a ''Person'' who has recently arived in some Place.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'newcomer' in WordNet:
         2. (1) newcomer - (a recent arrival; 'he's a newcomer to Boston')

Super-classes Newbie^c

Newly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newly

Description

''Newly'' is an 'AdverbOfManner'' typically modifying a past participle that is serving as an adjective as in 'newly minted' or 'new-mown hay'.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'newly' in WordNet:
          1. (12) recently, newly, freshly, fresh, new - (very recently; 'they are newly married';
            'newly raised objections'; 'a newly arranged hairdo'; 'grass new washed by the rain'; 
            'a freshly cleaned floor'; 'we are fresh out of tomatoes')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Newlywed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newlywed`
Description	The Role of a ''Newlywed'', a recently marrried person. (within the past year?)' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newlywed' in WordNet: 1. newlywed, honeymooner - (someone recently married)`
Super-classes	Person^c Participant^c Spouse^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some Marriage^c isaParticipantIn^op value Marriage^c

News^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#News`
Description	The AbstractText representing some information that is purported to be new (as contrasted with old or stale) information. This is the collective term and is therefore a Group: a single piece of 'news' (is there such a thing?) would be a ''NewsItem'' (not yet represented) NOTE: in COSMO this is an abstract LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Also, in contrast to the CYC usage, a 'news article' could be an instance of 'News'. CYC: A specialization of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$News consists of some factual information about recent events in the world (or #$geographicalSubRegions thereof). News is commonly embodied in newspapers and communicated through radio and television news broadcasts. Note that #$News does not include as instances any instance of #$NewsArticle (q.v.). Rather, an instance of #$News might be the content of a #$NewsArticle, and could be the content of distinct #$NewsArticles. Includes sense 1, 2, and 4 of 'news' in Wordnet: 1. (300) news, intelligence, tidings, word - (new information about specific and timely events; 'they awaited news of the outcome') 2. (141) news - (new information of any kind; 'it was news to me') 4. (58) news - (information reported in a newspaper or news magazine; 'the news of my death was greatly exaggerated')
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value New^c hasComponentElement^op value NewsItem^c

NewsBoy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsBoy`
Description	A ''NewsBoy'' is a young male ''DeliveryPerson'' who delivers ''NewspaperCopy''s `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newsboy' in WordNet: 1. (2) carrier, newsboy - (a boy who delivers newspapers)`
Super-classes	DeliveryPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DeliveringNewspapers^c

NewsBroadcasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsBroadcasting`
Description	''NewsBroadcasting'' is the Action of ''Broadcasting'' the conceptual contents of a ''NewsReport'' (which is a conceptual work), in sound only (as on Radio) or sound plus images (as on Television or an internet site).
Super-classes	Broadcasting^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value NewsReport^c

NewsBroadcastingOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsBroadcastingOrganization`
Description	A ''NewsBroadcastingOrganization''' is an Organization that performs ''NewsBroadcasting'', usually along with other types of broadcast content. `No WN sense for this concept. Closest is a part of the term 'Broadcaster' in RHW: RHW 'broadcaster': 2. a person or organization, as a network or station, that broadcasts radio or television programs.`
Super-classes	BroadcastingOrganization^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Broadcasting^c hasEmployee^op value Broadcaster^c

NewsCorrespondent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsCorrespondent`
Description	A ''NewsCorrespondent'' is a ''Journalist who goes outside the home office of a publication to collect newsworthy information. This is labeled in COSMO as 'investigative reporting' although that term may be more narrowly applied in the trade. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'correspondent' in WordNet: 2. (2) correspondent, newspaperman, newspaperwoman, newswriter, pressman - (a journalist employed to provide news stories for newspapers or broadcast media)`
Super-classes	Journalist^c Investigator^c Traveler^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Investigation^c performsAction^op value NewsGathering^c

NewsGathering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsGathering`
Description	''NewsGathering'' is the act of going to places and interviewing people to learn new and newsworthy information for publication in a newspaper or magazine or similar periodical; or occasionally to write a book about newsworthy events. `news gathering`
Super-classes	Investigation^c InformationGathering^c HumanActivity^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value NewsCorrespondent^c hadInformationTransferred^op only News^c

NewsItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsItem`
Description	A ''NewsItem'' is a distinct ''Unit'' of News focused on one topic that appears in a publcation, broadcast, or report Contains at least one LinguisticAssertion. `Most closely corresponds to RHW noun sense 2 of 'item' and is part of sense 1 of 'item in WoordNet: RHW: 2. a separate piece of information or news, as a short piece in a newspaper or broadcast. WN sense 1 of 'item': in WordNet: 1. (31) item, point - (a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could be enumerated on a list; 'he noticed an item in the New York Times'; 'she had several items on her shopping list'; 'the main point on the agenda was taken up first')`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c Item^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some News^c

NewsPhotographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsPhotographer`
Description	Any person who makes most of his/her income by taking photographs or videos for publication in some newspaper or magazine.
Super-classes	MediaProfessional^c Photographer^c

NewsReport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsReport`
Description	A ''NewsReport'' is a nonfiction ''Report'' intended to be published in some ''MediumOfCommunication''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'report' in WordNet: 2. (207) report, news report, story, account, write up - (a short account of the news; 'the report of his speech'; 'the story was on the 11 o'clock news'; 'the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious')`
Super-classes	Report^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value News^c
Sub-classes	Bulletin^c Newsletter^c

NewsShowHost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsShowHost`
Description	Each #$NewsShowHost is the host of a #$NewsShow.
Super-classes	TVShowHost^c
Sub-classes	Anchorperson^c

Newscast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newscast`
Description	A ''Newscast'' is the Action in which a ''Newscaster'' reads and/or reports the news on a television or radio program. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newscast' in WordNet: 1. newscast - (a broadcast of news or commentary on the news)`
Super-classes	Broadcasting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Newscaster^c

Newscaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newscaster`
Description	a person who reads and/or reports the news on a television or radio program. Is this a 'Journalist'? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newscaster' in Wordnet: 1. newscaster - (someone who broadcasts the news)`
Super-classes	Broadcaster^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Newscast^c
Sub-classes	Anchorperson^c TelevisionNewscaster^c

Newsletter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newsletter

Description

A ''Newsletter'' is the abstract content of a ''NewsReport'' published for some specific group, rather than for the general public,

        CYC: The sort of document published by an organization
        to keep its members/clients updated on recent events that
        relate to the organization's business.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newsletter' in WordNet:
          1. (2) newsletter, newssheet - (report or open letter 
            giving informal or confidential news of interest to a special group)

Super-classes ConceptualWork^c
TextualPCW^c
PublishedMaterial^c
NewsReport^c

NewspaperAdvertisement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperAdvertisement`
Description	An 'NewspaperAdvertisement' is an ''Advertisement'' (an 'AbstractDocument') that is part of an abstract ''NewspaperIssue'' that is intended to cause people to buy things or to participate in some activity, or to promote a point of view such as political. NOTE: This is the abstract version of the ad, which is represented by a part of a physical newspaper. (You can't cut this out of the 'paper') A ''NewspaperAdvertisement''can appear in multiple issue, so it is impractical to require specifying the exact ''NewspaperIssue'' in which it appears, but that can be done if known. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newspaper advertisement' in WordNet: 1. newspaper ad, newspaper advertisement - (a printed advertisement that is published in a newspaper)`
Super-classes	Advertisement^c AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value NewspaperIssue^c
Sub-classes	ClassifiedAdvertisement^c

NewspaperArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperArticle`
Description	Any abstract ''Article'' that is part of an abstract ''NewspaperIssue''. `CYC: The collection of articles published in a #$NewspaperIssue.`
Super-classes	ScholarlyArticle^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some NewspaperIssue^c

NewspaperColumn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperColumn`
Description	A ''NewspaperColumn'' is a short ''Article'' that appears in a periodical publication (not necessarily a newspaper), that discusses some topic, often presents an opinion, and has some of the characteristics of an ''Editorial'' but does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the 'editorial board' of the periodical. It typically occupies only one 'column' of one page of a newspaper, or the approximately equivalent space distributed over two or more 'columns' NOTE: WN conflates all columns and editorials, but this type includes columns by 'Columnist''s that are intended to present factual informations, not just opinion. See RHW sense 5 of 'column'. RHW 'column': 5. a regular feature or series of articles in a newspaper, magazine, or the like, usually having a readily identifiable heading and the byline of the writer or editor, that reports or comments upon a particular field of interest, as politics, theater, or etiquette, or which may contain letters from readers, answers to readers' queries, etc. To be a 'column' this has to be written by a ''Columnist''.The occasional ''Editorial'' commentry by non-journalists is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'column' in WordNet: 5. (4) column, editorial, newspaper column - (an article giving opinions or perspectives)
Super-classes	Article^c
Restrictions	wasAuthoredBy^op some Columnist^c
Sub-classes	EditorialColumn^c

NewspaperCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperCopy`
Description	One copy of a Newspaper (Publication) containing ephemeral (daily or weekly) accounts of news events since the last publication. This is an instance of a physical, printed newspaper.- , the physical object, not the informational content. `The restriction requires that, to represent an instance of a physical copy of a newspaper, the Abstract document also be represented. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'newspaper' in WordNet: 3. (2) newspaper, paper - (the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher; 'when it began to rain he covered his head with a newspaper')`
Super-classes	Publication^c MediumOfCommunication^c PeriodicalCopy^c DisposableProduct^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some NewspaperIssue^c

NewspaperHeadline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperHeadline`
Description	A 'Header'' that appears on the first page of a Newspaper in large type, introducing the featured Article for that ''NewpaperIssue''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'headline' in WordNet - this ;headline' refers onyl to the priminret hedline on page 1 of a NewspaperIssue: 1. (3) headline, newspaper headline - (the heading or caption of a newspaper article)`
Super-classes	Header^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some NewspaperIssue^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only TextualMaterial^c

NewspaperIssue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperIssue`
Description	The AbstractSymbolicObject that is an issue of a Newspaper. For the PhysicalObject, see 'NewspaperCopy'. Cyc: The collection of all #$PeriodicalIssues for periodicals which are newspapers. Copies of an instance of #$NewspaperIssue are all instances of #$NewspaperCopy for the same #$Date. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'newspaper' and noun sense 3 of 'edition; in Wordnet, but this is only one AbstractDdocument - not clear if the WordNet sense is identical (the Wordnet may refer to a 'NewspaperSeries', a 'Group' of AbstractDocuments): in WordNet: 1. (31) newspaper, paper - (a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements; 'he read his newspaper at breakfast') WN noun 'edition': 3. edition - (an issue of a newspaper; 'he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times')
Super-classes	PeriodicalIssue^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op some NewspaperArticle^c hasProperPart^op value NewspaperHeadline^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some NewspaperCopy^c

NewspaperPage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperPage`
Description	A ''NewspaperPage'' is a ''PhysicalPage'' that is part of some ''NewspaperCopy''.
Super-classes	PhysicalPage^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value NewspaperCopy^c
Sub-classes	Op-EdPage^c

NewspaperPublisher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperPublisher`
Description	CYC 'NewspaperOrganization': The collection of all #$Organizations which are responsible for the publication of #$NewspaperIssues. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'newspaper' in WordNet: 2. (13) newspaper, paper, newspaper publisher - (a business firm that publishes newspapers; 'Murdoch owns many newspapers')`
Super-classes	PeriodicalPublisher^c
Restrictions	hasCommercialProduct^op only NewspaperSeries^c

NewspaperSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperSeries`
Description	COSMO note: this is the Group of abstract documents represented by physical newspapers (for which see 'Newspaper') `Cyc: The collection of all #$PeriodicalSeries which have #$NewspaperIssues as #$subWorks. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'newspaper' in Wordnet, but this is a Group of abstract documents - not clear if the WordNet sense is identical (the Wordnet may refer to a 'NewspaperIssue', an individual AbstractDocument): in WordNet: 1. (31) newspaper, paper - (a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements; 'he read his newspaper at breakfast')`
Super-classes	PeriodicalSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only NewspaperIssue^c isaCommercialProductOf^op only NewspaperPublisher^c
Sub-classes	Tabloid^c

NewspaperTopic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewspaperTopic

Description

A 'NewspaperTopic' is a Topic that has actually occurred as the topic of an article that has actually occurred in some newspaper, which may be a print or electronic newspaper (or both). A newspaper is some publication that is published at (more or less) regular intervals, and includes series of books on topics, such as 'The Annual Review of Biochemistry'.

      NOTE that one source of data for electronic language processing
      of English is the English Gigaword disk distributed by
      LDC.

Super-classes Topic^c

Newsroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newsroom`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newsroom' in WordNet: 2. newsroom - (an office in which news is processed by a newspaper or news agency or television or radio station)`
Super-classes	Workplace^c OfficeSpace^c
Restrictions	mayHaveWorker^op value Journalist^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value ReportingNews^c

NewsroomStaff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewsroomStaff`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newsroom' in WordNet: 1. newsroom - (the staff of a newspaper or the news department of a periodical; 'every newspaper editor is criticized by the newsroom')`
Super-classes	EmployedStaff^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ReportingNews^c hasMember^op value Journalist^c

Newt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newt' in WordNet: 1. newt, triton - (small usually bright-colored semiaquatic salamanders of North America and Europe and northern Asia)`
Super-classes	Salamander^c

Newton^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Newton

Description

SI force measure. Symbol: N. It is that force which gives to a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 Meter per 'OneSecond'. Newton = mkgs^(-2).

      NOTE that the UnitOfMeasure 'newton' is represented by 'newtons',
        an instance of ForceUnit.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'newton' in WordNet:
        2. newton, N - (a unit of force equal to the force that imparts 
        an acceleration of 1 m/sec/sec to a mass of 1 kilogram; equal to 100,000 dynes)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c
ForceUnit^c

NextFiveYears^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NextFiveYears`
Description	The ''NextFiveYears'' is the ''TimeInterval'' that has a duration of ''FiveYears'' and starts ''Now''(the moment that the assertion is made), or for a ''FiveYearPlan'', the time the Plan begins to take effect.
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasStartingTimePoint^op only (Now^c or StartingTime^c) hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveYears^c

NextInTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NextInTime

Description

''NextInTime'' is a subtype of 'Upcoming'' more specifically characterizing the Event in some series that is the next Event expected to happen.

       Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'upcoming' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) approaching, coming, forthcoming, upcoming - 
             (of the relatively near future; 'the approaching election'; 
             'this coming Thursday'; 'the forthcoming holidays'; 
             'the upcoming spring fashions')

Super-classes Upcoming^c

NextTenYears^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NextTenYears`
Description	The ''NextFiveYears'' is the ''TimeInterval'' that has a duration of ''TenYears'' and starts ''Now''(the moment that the assertion is made), or for a ''TenYearPlan'', the time the Plan begins to take effect.
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasStartingTimePoint^op only (Now^c or StartingTime^c) hasDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenYears^c

Nexus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nexus

Description

      NOTE: this is not necessarily only for things connected in series.
    RHUDEL noun 'nexus': 
      1. a means of connection; tie; link
      2. a conneced series or group;
      3. the core or cnter, as of a matter or situation
    This is for RHUDEL sense 1.  sense 3 may be included as an extended usage,
      where elements are connected to the core, as well as possibly other elements.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nexus' in WordNet:
          1. link, nexus - (the means of connection between things linked in series)

Super-classes Linkage^c

NibbedPen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NibbedPen`
Description	A ''NibbedPen'' is a type of ''Pen'' having a pointed 'nib' at the end which can hold a small quantity of ink - just enough to write a word or two by hand. `This type includes as subtype a ''QuillPen'' that is a modified bird feather with a sharpened end that serves as the ''PenNib''. RHW: In RHW this is the combination of 'penholder' (usually wooden): (1. a holder in which a penpoint is placed). with the 'penpoint': (1. the point or writing end of a pen, esp. a small, tapering, metallic device having a split tip for drawing up ink and for writing; nib.)`
Super-classes	Pen^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Inkwell^c hasComponentPart^op value PenNib^c

Nibble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nibble`
Description	A ''Nibble'' is ''OneBite'' that is produced by ''Nibbling'' and is smaller than an average ''OneBite''. There may be two or more ''Nibbbles''s in a typical ''OneBite'' for the animal (usually a Person) doing the ''Nibbling''. `WN 'nibble' only refers to a computer memory unit. RHW noun 'nibble': 8. a small morsel or bit: Each nibble was eaten with the air of an epicure.`
Super-classes	OneBite^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op value OneBite^c

Nibbling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nibbling`
Description	''Nibbling'' is a form of ''EatingEvent'' that includes ''BitingWithTeeth'', in which the ''Bite''s eaten are smaller than an average ''Bite'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nibble' in WordNet: 1. nibble - (bite off very small pieces; "She nibbled on her cracker")`
Super-classes	BitingWithTeeth^c EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Nibble^c

Nice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nice

Description

'Nice' is a very general AttributeValue of people whose behavior is pleasing or at least well-mannered; the opposite of 'BadlyBehaved'. Similar to 'well-mannered'.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1  of 'nice' (pertaining
     to people) in WordNet:
     1. (23) nice - (pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance;
        'what a nice fellow you are and we all thought you so nasty'
         - George Meredith; 'nice manners'; 'a nice dress'; 
         'a nice face'; 'a nice day'; 'had a nice time at the party'; 
         'the corn and tomatoes are nice today')
     2. (5) decent, nice - (socially or conventionally correct;
         refined or virtuous; 'from a decent family'; 'a nice girl')
   WN 'pleasant':
     2. (1) pleasant - (pleasant in manner or behavior; 'I didn't enjoy
        it and probably wasn't a pleasant person to be around')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Nickel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nickel

Description

The silvery metallic element, having 28 protons in each nucleus. It is used (together with chromium and some other elements) in stainless steel, and as a coating for metallic objects. It is also found in the US 5-cent piece called a 'nickel'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nickel' in Wordnet:
        1. (4) nickel, Ni, atomic number 28 - (a hard malleable ductile silvery 
           metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs 
           in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

NickelCoin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NickelCoin`
Description	A US coin that represents five cents in US currency. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nickel' in Wordnet: 2. (1) nickel - (a United States coin worth one twentieth of a dollar)`
Super-classes	Coin^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveCentsUS^c

Nickname^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nickname`
Description	A short Word that serves as an alternative ''Name'' for a Person, used in an informal manner in various situations. This may or may not have any similarity to the formal ''Name'' of that Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nickname' in WordNet: 1. (1) nickname, moniker, cognomen, sobriquet, soubriquet, byname - (a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name); 'Joe's mother would not use his nickname and always called him Joseph'; 'Henry's nickname was Slim')`
Super-classes	Label^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c describes^op some Person^c

Nicknaming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nicknaming`
Description	''Nicknaming'' is a 'Naming' that is not the act of giving a formal name of record, but giving an informal name, such as one used among family members or friends or colleagues. This can be used for giving any kind of alternative name; " John Doe, a.k.a. 'Jack The Ripper' " `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nickname' in WordNet: 1. (1) dub, nickname - (give a nickname to)`
Super-classes	Naming^c Proclaiming^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Nickname^c

Nicotine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nicotine`
Description	A popular alkaloid stimulant, found in #$Tobacco-TheStuff. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nicotine' in WordNet: 1. (1) nicotine - (an alkaloid poison that occurs in tobacco; used in medicine and as an insecticide)`
Super-classes	BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance^c AddictiveSubstance^c Alkaloid^c Stimulant^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value Tobacco^c

Niece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Niece

Description

The daughter of a brother or sister.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'niece' in WordNet:
    1. (1) niece - (a daughter of your brother or sister)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
BiologicalRelation^c

Nifty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nifty

Description

Colloquial ways of saying 'very good'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nifty' in Wordnet:
          5. bang-up, bully, corking, cracking, dandy, great, groovy, keen,
            neat, nifty, not bad, peachy, slap-up, swell, smashing -
            (very good; 'he did a bully job'; 'a neat sports car'; 
            'had a great time at the party'; 'you look simply smashing')

Super-classes VeryGood^c

Nigerian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nigerian

Description

''Nigerian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Nigeria'' or a ''Nigerian''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Nigerian' in Wordnet:
          1. Nigerian - (of or relating to Nigeria; 'the Nigerian capital used to be Lagos')
          2. Nigerian, Nigerien - (of or relating to the people of Nigeria; 
               'a Nigerian novelist won the Nobel Prize for literature this year')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

NigerianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NigerianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nigerian' in WordNet: 1. Nigerian - (a native or inhabitant of Nigeria)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Germany^c

NightClub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NightClub`
Description	A ''NightClub'' is an ''EntertainmentSpot'' used for entertainment activities involving participation by the patrons (such as dancing or dining while watching entertainment). These activities are typically but not necessarily always performed at night. In CYC 'NightClub-Facility': The collection of all physical constructions housing #$NightClubs. NOTE: the CYC ontology distinguishes the Organization running a NightCLub with the label'NightClub' but that is not yet represented in COSMO. CYC 'NightClub': A collection of businesses. An element of #$NightClub is a business that runs a nighttime social-gathering place where some form of entertainment (usually live music) is offered and alcoholic beverages are served. Besides music, #$NightClub establishments may also have dance floors, DJs, go-go dancers, comedy acts, stage presentations, or sex shows. The CYC organization and location are merged here, but logically this is the location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightspot' in WordNet: 1. cabaret, nightclub, club, nightspot - (a spot that is open late at night and that provides entertainment (as singers or dancers) as well as dancing and food and drink; 'don't expect a good meal at a cabaret'; 'the gossip columnist got his information by visiting nightclubs every night'; 'he played the drums at a jazz club')
Super-classes	EntertainmentSpot^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value NighttimeEntertainmentEvent^c
Sub-classes	Discotheque^c

NightGown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NightGown

Description

CYC: The collection of all night gowns, a kind of women's sleepwear.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightgown' and sense 1of 'nightie' in WordNet:
        1. nightgown, gown, nightie, night-robe, nightdress - 
        (lingerie consisting of a loose dress designed to be worn in bed by women)

Super-classes WomensClothing^c
Lingerie^c
SleepWear^c

NightShirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NightShirt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightshirt' in WordNet: 1. (1) nightshirt - (nightclothes worn by men)`
Super-classes	Garment^c

NightTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NightTable`
Description	A ''NightTable'' is a small table set next to a ''Bed'' to hold objects for convenient access that might be used while one is in the bed, but not sleeping, such as books or medications taken at night. `No WN entry. RHW: 'night table': a small table, chest, etc., for use next to a bed. Also called bedstand, bed table, nightstand.`
Super-classes	Table-Furniture^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Bed^c

NightTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NightTime`
Description	The class of TimeIntervals that begin at Sunset and end at Sunrise (from SUMO). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'night' in WordNet: 1. (736) night, nighttime, dark - (the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside) WN adj'postmeridian': 1. postmeridian - (after noon)`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Sub-classes	Tonight^c

Nightcap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nightcap`
Description	A ''Nightcap'' is one serving of an ''AlcoholicBeverage'' taken shortly before bedtime. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightcap' in WordNet: 1. nightcap - (an alcoholic drink taken at bedtime; often alcoholic)`
Super-classes	Drink^c
Restrictions	isConsumedInEvent^op value DrinkingaNightcap^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value AlcoholicBeverage^c

NightcapGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NightcapGame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nightcap' in WordNet: 3. nightcap - (the final game of a double header)`
Super-classes	BaseballGame^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value DoubeHeader^c occurredInTimeInterval^op value NightTime^c

Nightingale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nightingale`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightingale' in WordNet: 1. (2) nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos - (European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song)`
Super-classes	Songbird^c WildAnimal^c

NightlyEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NightlyEvent`
Description	A 'NightlyEvent'' is an ''Event'' that has the Attribute ''OccurringNightly'', and the Frequency 'nightly'.
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OccurringNightly^c hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nightly^c

Nightmare^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nightmare

Description

The Action in which an agent experiences a 'nightmare' - a type of ''Dreaming''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nightmare' in WordNet:
         2. (2) nightmare - (a terrifying or deeply upsetting dream)

Super-classes Dreaming^c

Nightstick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nightstick`
Description	A ''Club-Weapon'' carried routinely by most policemen on street patrol. `Term 'asp' is also used? Not in WN or RHW. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightstick' in WordNet: 1. truncheon, nightstick, baton, billy, billystick, billy club - (a short stout club used primarily by policemen)`
Super-classes	Club-Weapon^c
Restrictions	isCommonlyUsedBy^op value PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c

NighttimeEntertainmentEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NighttimeEntertainmentEvent`
Description	A ''NighttimeEntertainmentEvent'' is an ''EntertainmentEvent'' that typically occcurs or is performed at night.
Super-classes	EntertainmentEvent^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value NightTime^c

Nigra^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nigra

Description

''Nigra'' and the other terms in this entry are terms for a ''Negro'' that are considered insulting andare cosially disapproved and inappropriate, although among ''Negro''s it may be used for special purposes.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nigra' in WordNet:
          1. (1) nigger, nigga, spade, coon, jigaboo, nigra - ((ethnic slur) 
             extremely offensive name for a Black person; "only a Black can call
             another Black a nigga")

Super-classes Negro^c

Nine-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nine-Year-Old`
Description	''Nine-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are nine years old, i.e. were created or born nine years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NineYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NineYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NineYears^c

Nineteenth-century^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nineteenth-century`
Description	Pertaining to ''The1800s'' (the 'nineteenth Century')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Niobium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Niobium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Niobium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'niobium' in WordNet:
          1. niobium, Nb, atomic number 41 - 
             (a soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys;
             occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Nip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nip`
Description	A small animal bite that does not necessarily break the skin, `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nip' in WordNet: 6. nip, pinch - (a small sharp bite or snip)`
Super-classes	Bite^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value BitingWithTeeth^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unimportant^c isLocatedAt^op value Skin^c

Niqab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Niqab`
Description	A ''Niqab'' is a ''FaceVeil'' typically worn by Muslim women. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'niqab' in WordNet: 1. niqab - (a face veil covering the lower part of the face (up to the eyes) worn by observant Muslim women)`
Super-classes	FaceVeil^c
Restrictions	isMostlyWornBy^op value MuslimWoman^c

Nitpicking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nitpicking`
Description	Each 'Nitpicking' is a ''Criticizing'' in which the Criticism is about somevminor detail of a larger topic (object or action). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nitpick' in WordNet: 1. nitpick - (be overly critical; criticize minor details)`
Super-classes	Criticizing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op only Detail^c

Nitrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nitrate`
Description	A ''Nitrate'' is any compound that is a combination of some 'ChemicalMoiety'' (organic or cationic) plus a ''NitrateGroup'', bound by a single bond (e.g. for organic nitrates) or by ionic binding for nitrate salts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nitrate' in WordNet: 1. (1) nitrate - (any compound containing the nitrate group (such as a salt or ester of nitric acid))`
Super-classes	NitrogenCompound^c OxygenCompound^c
Sub-classes	InorganicNitrates^c

NitrateGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NitrateGroup`
Description	A ''NitrateGroup'' is an ''AtomGroup'' that is usually part of a larger Molecule but may be part of a ''NitrateIon'' (with a negative charge), or a free radical. It consists of a ''NitrogenAtom'' bound to three ''OxygenAtom''s. If part of an OrganicCompound, the Nirogen will be bound to another ''ChemicalMoiety'', usually by a bond with a carbon atom. ,
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ionized^c hasChemicalFormula^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CHEM_NO3^c

NitrateIon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NitrateIon`
Description	An ionic substance each unit object of which is one ion of having three 'OxygenAtom''s bound to a ''NitrogenAtom'', and having one negative charge.
Super-classes	Anion^c

NitroGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NitroGroup`
Description	An ''NitroGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing one atom Nitrogen and three of Oxygen, with the Nitrogen atached to the remainder of the molecule it is in. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nitro group' in WordNet: 1. nitro group - (the group -NO3)`
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneNitrogenAtom^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeOxygenAtoms^c

NitroMethane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NitroMethane`
Description	A #$NitroparaffinCompoundType.
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c

Nitrogen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nitrogen`
Description	The element with seven protons in each nucleus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nitrogen' in Wordnet: 1. (10) nitrogen, N, atomic number 7 - (a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues)`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c
Sub-classes	Nitrogen_79percent^c

NitrogenAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NitrogenAtom`
Description	One atom of ''Nitrogen''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes.
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Nitrogen^c

NitrogenCompound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NitrogenCompound`
Description	Any ChemicallyDefinedSubstance containing Nitrogen in its molecule..
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Nitrogen^c
Sub-classes	NucleicAcid^c Nitrate^c Nucleotide^c

Nitrogen_79percent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nitrogen_79percent`
Description	Nitrogen at 79% weight fraction (in some mixture, such as Air). Note that the percentage of other constituents is not specified. To specify a full range of compositional values in some mixture, one can indicate each 'FractionalComponentSubstance' individually.
Super-classes	FractionalComponentSubstance^c Nitrogen^c
Restrictions	isWeightFraction^dp value 0.79^c isaFractionalComponentOf^op value Air^c

Nitroglycerine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nitroglycerine`
Description	Trinitorglycerine, an explosive substance that is liquid at room temperature in its pure form, and senstitive to shock - it may explode if subjected to physical shock. When absorbed to a filler such as in Dynamite, it is much less sensitive and becomes a practical explosive material for commercial uses.
Super-classes	ExplosiveSubstance^c OrganicCompound^c

NoHairOnHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NoHairOnHead`
Description	''NoHairOnHead'' is the ''PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface'' of a human head, characteristic of a person labeled ''Bald''.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c

No_facial_hair^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#No_facial_hair

Description

A quantity of FacialHair that contains no beard, no moustache, no long sideburns, and eyebrows that are not very bushy; i.e. no hair that would be considered as distinctive 'facial hair'.

      Not the same as 'clean-shaven, smooth-shaven, well-shaven'.

Super-classes FacialHair^c

NobelPrize^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NobelPrize`
Description	There are different tpes of ''NobelPrize''s. This type is the parent for all subypes (Chemistry, Physics, Peace, etc.). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nobel prize' in WordNet: 1. (4) Nobel prize - (an annual award for outstanding contributions to chemistry or physics or physiology and medicine or literature or economics or peace)`
Super-classes	HonorAward^c
Restrictions	wasAssignedByAuthority^op value NobelPrizeCommittee^c

NobelPrizeCommittee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NobelPrizeCommittee

Description

There are several ''NobelPrizeCommittee''s, one for each type of Nobel prize awarded, and the membership may vary year to year. This is the parent type for all such committees.

       The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by a committee of five,
              appointed by the Storting (the Norwegian parliament).

Super-classes Committee^c
Organization^c

Nobelium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nobelium

Description

CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Nobelium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nobelium' in WordNet:
         1. nobelium, No, atomic number 102 - (a radioactive 
             transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium 
             with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Nobility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nobility`
Description	''Nobility'' is a higher degree of ''Honorableness'' sufficient to be recognized as such by others. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nobility' in WordNet: 2. (1) nobility, nobleness, magnanimousness, grandeur (the quality of elevation of mind and exaltation of character or ideals or conduct)`
Super-classes	Honorableness^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Noble^c

Noble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noble`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated conforms to some high standard of principled behavior. This is not a subtype of 'Moral', since it does not concern adherence to codes of morality, which prohibit certain behaviors, but to types of conduct which go beyond the minimum levels of ethics to exhibit a higher degree of concern for other people. 'Organ donation is a noble gesture in any religion.' `From University of Chicago media glossary:: An act that has a certain intention perceived to hold great integrity and possibly sacrifice may be called a 'noble gesture.' For the notion of adjective 'noble' referring to members of the nobility use 'Artistocratic'; for members of the nobility, use 'MemberOfTheNobility' Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'noble' in WordNet: 3. (1) noble - (having or showing or indicative of high or elevated character; 'a noble spirit'; 'noble deeds')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c Good^c
Sub-classes	Regal^c

Nobody^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nobody

Description

'Nobody' is a hard-to-classify entity since by definition its reverent does not exist. If it did exist, it would be a person, but it can't be unique, as there are many cases of 'nobody' that are referred to.

      There does not appear to be a corresponding entry in WordNet:

Super-classes UnidentifiedPerson^c

NocturnallyActive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NocturnallyActive

Description

''NocturnallyActive'' characterizes animals and plants that are active mostly during the night, or perform certain salient actions at night.. This does not preclude all daytime activity.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nocturnal' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) nocturnal - (belonging to or active during the night;
         'nocturnal animals are active at night';
         'nocturnal plants have flowers that open at night and close by day')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Nodding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nodding`
Description	Moving the head up and down (and forward and backward) in a small arc, `This is not the action of falling asleep. Corresponds to ver sense 2 and noun sense 2 of 'nod' in WordNet: 2. (16) nod - (lower and raise the head, as to indicate assent or agreement or confirmation; 'The teacher nodded when the student gave the right answer') WN noun 'nod': 2. (1) nod - (the act of nodding the head)`
Super-classes	MakingAGesture^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Head^c signifies^op value Agreement^c

Node^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Node`
Description	A ''Node'' is an Object (physical or abstract) that has one or more ''Link-Generic''s to other ''Object''s. This can be used for indirect as well as direct links. (for direct connection of ''PhysicalObject''s use ''isConnectedToDirectly''). `This expresses a very general notion of 'connection' that can serve for abstract mthematic objects such as nodes in a graph, as well as physical connections that are not direct, or connections of ''MentalObjects''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'node' in WordNet, but may be broader in interpretation. in WordNet: 1. node - (a connecting point at which several lines come together) WN noun 'link': 4. connection, connexion, link - (a connecting shape)`
Super-classes	Configuration^c
Restrictions	isConnectedTo^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or Object^c or Group^c or System^c or ObjectType^c or GroupType^c) isaPartOf^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or Object^c or Group^c or System^c or ObjectType^c or GroupType^c)

Noise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noise`
Description	Any ''AudibleSound'' that is not ''Speech'' or ''Music'', especially Sound that a listener does not want to hear, especially a Sound that is either disagreeable or in some way interferes with a person's thinking or ability to hear other sounds, such as conversation. 'background noise' e.g. in a restaurant, at a party, in a factory, or anyplace that one may want to hold a conversation. Sounds made by machinery or natural processes are usually ''Noise''. NOTE: this is the Sound itself. The 'auditory experience' of sense 2 might be distinguished (as a subtype?) , but has not yet been. The attribute ''Unwanted'' may not always apply to things like the boom of a firework - perhaps the ''Unpleasant'' inherited from ''UnpleasantEvent'' is sufficient to express the lack of melodiousness? Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'noise' in WordNet: 1. (43) noise - (sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound); 'he enjoyed the street noises'; 'they heard indistinct noises of people talking'; 'during the firework display that ended the gala the noise reached 98 decibels') 2. (1) noise, dissonance, racket - (the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience; 'modern music is just noise to me')
Super-classes	UnpleasantEvent^c AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c
Sub-classes	Racket^c Rattling^c Clack^c Squeaking^c Boom^c Bang^c Chug^c Clang^c SplashingSound^c LoudNoise^c Snore^c HandClap^c

Noisy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noisy`
Description	'Noisy' is an AttributeValue of Places that have a level of Sound sufficient to be annoying or to interfere with other activities (such as conversation), or of PhysicalObjects that create such a level of Sound during their operation, or people or animals that are emitting Sounds individually or collectively that are too loud. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'noisy' in WordNet: 1. (4) noisy - (full of or characterized by loud and nonmusical sounds; 'a noisy cafeteria'; 'a small noisy dog')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Boisterous^c Squeaky^c

Nomad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nomad`
Description	A habitual human ''Wanderer''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nomad' in WordNet: 1. nomad - (a member of a people who have no permanent home but move about according to the seasons)`
Super-classes	Person^c Wanderer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Nomadism^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nomadic^c

Nomadic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nomadic

Description

''Nomadic'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for people who have no permanent residence but do have a style and method of living and moving their residence systematically, This differs from 'homeless' in being a deliberate choice of lifestye, not one forced by poverty.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nomadic' in Wordnet:
         1. mobile, nomadic, peregrine, roving, wandering - ((of groups of people) 
            tending to travel and change settlements frequently; 
            'a restless mobile society'; 'the nomadic habits of the Bedouins'; 
            'believed the profession of a peregrine typist would have a happy future'; 
            'wandering tribes')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Nomadism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nomadism`
Description	''Nomadism'' is a ''LifeStyle'' in which a Person (or more commonly groups of people) have no single permanent residence but move ('wander') from place to place, often dependent on the season or availability of local resources. This is not for 'homeless' people for whom poverty makes a permament residence impossible. `No WN sense. In RHW 'nomadic' the derivative is listed: 3. nomadic. nomadism, n.`
Super-classes	Wandering^c LifeStyle^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Nomad^c

Nominal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nominal

Description

''Nominal'' is an attribute pertaining to a ''Name'' or the process of givig names to things.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'nominal' in WordNet:
         1. (1) nominal - (relating to or constituting or bearing
              or giving a name; 'the Russian system of nominal brevity'; 
              'a nominal lists of priests'; 'taxable males as revealed by the nominal rolls')
         3. nominal - (pertaining to a noun or to a word group that functions as a noun;
            'nominal phrase'; 'noun phrase')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Nominating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nominating`
Description	''Nominating'' is a ''Proposing'' of some ''Canddate'' to fill a position, addressed to some person or group with the power to appoint or select. Nominations for political positions or for public honors are common, but other positions also may be filled after candidates are 'nominated'. When a ''Candidate'' wins the nomination s/he becomes a ''Nominee''. See the status ''Nomination''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'nominate' and noun sense 1 of 'nomination (thought the example seems to be the status, not the action!!??) in WordNet: 1. (4) nominate, put up, put forward - (propose as a candidate for some honor) 2. nominate, propose - (put forward; nominate for appointment to an office; 'The President nominated her as head of the Civil Rights Commission') WN noun 'nomination': 1. (3) nomination - (the act of officially naming a candidate; 'the Republican nomination for Governor')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Proposing^c Committing^c AssertingEvent^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Nominee^c mayCause^op value Accepting^c

Nomination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nomination`
Description	A ''Nomination'' is a ''Status'' (a PersistentState) of having been nominated (see ''Nominating'') for some position or honor. There are typically more than one person nominated for a position, among whom there will be a selection process (e.g. an election or a committee vote) to select the 'winner'. A Person with this status will be a ''Nominee''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nomination' in WordNet: 2. nomination - (the condition of having been proposed as a suitable candidate for appointment or election; 'there was keen competition for the nomination'; 'his nomination was hotly protested')`
Super-classes	Status^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Nominee^c

Nominee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nominee

Description

A 'Nominee'' is selected by some 'Nominating' process, in the course of which s/he becomes a ''Nominee''.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'nominee' (which appears broader than
          this sense, as the Wn sense seems to include all candidates,
          which form a parent type in COSMO) in WordNet:
         1. campaigner, candidate, nominee - (a politician who is running for public office)

Super-classes ElectoralCandidate^c

NonAlcoholicBeverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonAlcoholicBeverage`
Description	Any ''Beverage'' that does not containing more than one-half of one percent of ethanol by volume. This is the type disjoint with ''AlcoholicBeverage''. This definition of ''AlcoholicBeverage'' used to describe this type is taken from the concentration criterion used in California, and therefore does not include very dilute solutions of ethanol as instances, as would be suggested by the SUMO definition. The California statute reads: 'Alcoholic beverage' includes alcohol, spirits, liquor, wine, beer, and every liquid or solid containing alcohol, spirits, wine, or beer, and which contains one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and which is fit for beverage purposes either alone or when diluted, mixed, or combined with other substances.'
Super-classes	Beverage^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	doesNotContainSubstance^op value EthylAlcohol^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nonalcoholic^c
Sub-classes	Tea^c Buttermilk^c MilkShake^c FruitDrink^c SoftDrink^c Coffee^c DrinkMixer^c HotChocolate^c

NonArtificially^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonArtificially

Description

''NonArtificially'' is an adverb meaning 'by natural, not artificial means'. it contrasts with ''Artificially''. The label 'Naturally' is used in COSMO for the interjection meaning 'as expected'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'naturally' in WordNet:
         3. (60) naturally - (according to nature; by natural means; 
           without artificial help; 'naturally grown flowers)

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

NonCommissionedOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonCommissionedOfficer`
Description	CYC: The collection of all non-commissioned officers in military services. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'noncommissioned officer' in WordNet: 1. noncommissioned officer, noncom - (a military officer appointed from enlisted personnel)`
Super-classes	EnlistedPerson^c MilitaryOfficer^c
Sub-classes	Sergeant^c Corporal^c

NonComputationalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonComputationalDevice`
Description	A ''NonComputationalDevice'' is any device whose primary function is not computation, though it may contain an ''EmbeddedComputer''.
Super-classes	Device^c

NonConforming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonConforming`
Description	''NonConforming'' asserts that the thing modified fails to conform in some sense to some criterion. This is the opposite of ''Conforming'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonconforming' in WordNet: 1. nonconforming, nonconformist - (not conforming to established customs or doctrines especially in religion)`
Super-classes	Correct^c
Sub-classes	Figurative^c Inaccurate^c Unorthodox^c KnownToBeFalse^c

NonConformist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonConformist`
Description	A ''NonConformist'' is a ''Dissenter'' who behaves in ways disapproved by some social group because those actions, even though legal, do not conform to accepted norms of behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nonconformist' in WordNet: 2. nonconformist, recusant - (someone who refuses to conform to established standards of conduct)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unorthodox^c
Sub-classes	Hippie^c

NonConscious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonConscious

Description

''NonConscious'' is an AttributeValue of Actions of people that take place within the ''UnconsciousMind'' of a Person, of which that Person is unaware.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unconscious' in Wordnet:
       2. (1) unconscious - (without conscious volition)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NonDestructiveWind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonDestructiveWind`
Description	A 'Wind'' not so strong as to cause damage. Contrast to Tornado and hurricane or other high-velocity wind. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind' in WordNet: 1. (29) wind, air current, current of air - (air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; 'trees bent under the fierce winds'; 'when there is no wind, row'; 'the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmosphere')`
Super-classes	EnergySource^c Wind^c
Sub-classes	Breeze^c

NonEarthPlanet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonEarthPlanet`
Description	Any planet in any solar system, except the Earth.
Super-classes	Planet^c
Sub-classes	NonEarthSolarPlanet^c

NonEarthSolarPlanet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonEarthSolarPlanet`
Description	Any SolarPlanet except the Earth.
Super-classes	NonEarthPlanet^c OuterSpaceLocation^c SolarPlanet^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jupiter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saturn http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Mercury-Planet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neptune http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uranus

NonEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonEvent`
Description	An Event when some specified thing didn't happen. Similar to a PersistentState, but used differently. `The WordNet sense 2 of 'stasis' has this meaning, though it seems to require that there be opposing forces - not necessary for this type.: in WordNet: 2. stasis - (inactivity resulting from a static balance between opposing forces)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	StayingInaState^c BeingLeftOver^c MissingaPayment^c RemainingInaLocation^c Silence^c Waiting^c
In domain of	hasConstantAttributeOrLocation^op

NonExistence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonExistence`
Description	''NonExistence'' is a ''PersistentState'' attributed to anything that does not have existence in some world, usually the RealWorld. This may suggest a logical impossibility, or just not being in that world. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'nonexistence' and sense 1 of 'nonbeing' in WordNet: 1. nonexistence, nonentity - (the state of not existing) WN noun 'nonbeing': 1. nonbeing - (the state of not being)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Nonexistent^c
Sub-classes	Impossibility^c

NonFloweringPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonFloweringPlant`
Description	A Plant that reproduces with spores and does not produce flowers. (disjointDecomposition NonFloweringPlant Alga Fern Fungus Moss)
Super-classes	Plant^c
Sub-classes	Fungus^c Moss^c Fern^c Alga^c

NonFunctional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonFunctional`
Description	'NonFunctional' is the attribute of a Device that cannot perform its DesignFunction, because of some malfunctioning or missing component (if it is merely turned off,it has the AttributeValue 'TurnedOff'). The absence of main function must be due to some malfunction of a component that is not expendable, such as fuel or batteries. The absence of spark plugs in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine would make that vehicle 'NonFunctional'. An empty gasoline tank would make it 'UnableToFunction'. A crack or hole in a container intended to hold fluids would make it NonFunctional if it caused the container to leak so quickly as to be useless; if it could be easily sealed, the container would not be 'Broken'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonfunctional' in Wordnet: 2. malfunctioning, nonfunctional - (not performing or able to perform its regular function; 'a malfunctioning valve')`
Super-classes	UnableToFunction^c
Sub-classes	Inoperable^c Broken^c

NonFunctionalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonFunctionalObject`
Description	A NonFunctionalObject is a PhysicalObject that at one time was functional (either biologically or as an artifact), but has lost its original functionality. In the case of organisms, when an organism is dead it becomes an instance of this type. For artifacts, when the artifact can no longer be restored to its original functionality or has been abandoned because it can no longer serve the intended functionality under new circumstances, it also becomes non-functional and an instance of this class. This type is intended to serve to represent objects that were of a certain type and no longer are. One example is the corpse or other remains of a dead person.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Remains^c Ruins^c WreckedObject^c
In domain of	wasOfType^op

NonGovernmental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonGovernmental

Description

''NonGovernmental'' is a attribute characterizing Organizations and Actions that are not part of or performed by a ''GovernmentalOrganization''. This is commonly used to refer to 'NGOs', non-governmental organizations especially charitable or public service organizations.

       No WN sense for 'non-governmental'.

       Wiktionary adj. 'non-governmental':
         1. Not governmental; not derived from a government; civilian.
       non-governmental

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

NonGovernmentalOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonGovernmentalOrganization`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nongovernmental organization' in WordNet: 1. nongovernmental organization, NGO - (an organization that is not part of the local or state or federal government)`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonGovernmental^c
Sub-classes	PrivateSchool^c PrivateSectorOrganization^c

NonHumanAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonHumanAnimal`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of Animal that are not instances of Person. Sometimes called 'Beast', but in COSMO this includes all non-human Animals, including insects, worms, fish, etc. NOTE: that Cyc distinguished 'Person' and 'Human' but that distinction is not followed in COSMO, so 'NonPersonAnimal' has been merged with 'NonHumanAnimal' Cyc (#$NonPersonAnimal) The collection of all instances of #$Animal that are not instances of #$Person, and thus incapable of participating in the activities and social roles characteristic of personhood. (For the more 'biological' concept of #$Animals that are not instances of #$HomoSapiens, see #$NonHumanAnimal). 'Beast' is another term for 'NonHumanAnimal'. ('Tain't a fit night out for man nor beast'). Includes noun sense 1 of 'critter' and part of sense 1 of 'beast' (the non-human part) in WordNet: 1. critter - (a regional term for creature (especially domestic animals)) WN 'beast': 1. (4) animal, animate being, beast, brute, creature, fauna - (a living organism characterized by voluntary movement)
Super-classes	Animal^c
Sub-classes	Monkey^c Pest^c OviparousAnimal^c Ox^c Marsupial^c Poikilotherm^c Edentate^c Ape^c SnapperFish^c PigFamily^c HuntingAnimal^c TameAnimal^c Rodent^c VeterinaryPatient^c WildAnimal^c Vermin^c SeaHorse^c Pachyderm^c Carnivore^c CaptiveAnimal^c Platypus^c Bat^c Reptile^c ArborealAnimal^c HerdAnimal^c Canine^c Invertebrate^c SeaMammal^c VenomousAnimal^c Ruminant^c RogueAnimal^c EquineAnimal^c Fish^c InsectEater^c Echinodermata^c DomesticatedAnimal^c

NonHumanAnimalDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonHumanAnimalDisease`
Description	See subtype ''zoonosis'' for subtypes of this that can be transmitted to humans. `WN noun 'animal disease': in WordNet: 1. animal disease - (a disease that typically does not affect human beings)`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value NonHumanAnimal^c isUndesirableTo^op value NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Zoonosis^c

NonHumanEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonHumanEvent`
Description	A ''NonHumanEvent'' is an ''Event'', not a ''FunctionalProcess'' that is caused by natural forces, although it may but does not necessarily involve some Human as an agent in causing the 'NonHumanEvent''. A Non-human agent may also be involved. NOTE that a ''NonHumanEvent'' that occurs in Nature without any participation by a person is represented by the subtype ''NaturalPhenomenon''. This type is part of the elaboration of the disinction in COSMO between ''Event'' and ''FunctionalProcess'', where the ''Event'' describes changes occuring over some interval of time, whereas a ''FunctionalProcess'' more closely reflects the rate of change(s) at any given instant, the sum total of which over some interval of time results in an ''Event''. This is an attempt to differentiate the intuitive distinction between a 'process' and the resulting Event associated with a 'process'. Each ''FunctionalProcess'' should have some type of ''Event'' related to it by the relation ''hasCorrespondingEvent''. The ''FunctionalProcess' that results in a ''NonHumanEvent'' is a ''PhysicalProcess''. See the subtypes for more clarification. NOTE that some of the Wordnet subtypes include chemical or physical Events or processes (flow, decay, oscillation) that may occur within humans, but not necessarily as a result of human volition. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet (see note above about 'process' versus 'event' in COSMO.: in WordNet: 1. natural process, natural action, action, activity - (a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); 'the action of natural forces'; 'volcanic activity')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingProcess^op value PhysicalProcess^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c
Sub-classes	NaturalPhenomenon^c Absorption^c

NonLinearEquation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonLinearEquation`
Description	A ''NonLinearEquation''is an ''AlgebraEquation'' in which at least one of the variable terms is not of the first power (i.e. squared, cubed, or to any power greater than one).
Super-classes	AlgebraEquation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op only Nonlinear^c

NonLiteralManner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonLiteralManner`
Description	A ''NonLiteralManner'' is a ''RhetoricalManner' that uses words to imply meanings that are not the original basic meaning of the words. `RHW: 'figure of speech' : any expressive use of language, as a metaphor, simile, personification, or antithesis, in which words are used in other than their literal sense, or in other than their ordinary locutions, in order to suggest a picture or image or for other special effect. Cf. trope (def. 1). :: metaphorical, figurative, nonliteral,`
Super-classes	LinguisticManner^c
Sub-classes	MetaphoricalManner^c

NonMarketEconomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonMarketEconomy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'non-market economy' in WordNet: 1. non-market economy - (an economy that is not a market economy)`
Super-classes	NationalEconomy^c
Sub-classes	ManagedEconomy^c

NonMetal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonMetal`
Description	An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType and a specialization of #$ElementStuff. Each instance of #$ElementStuff is a piece of tangible stuff, composed of a quantity of atoms, all of which are of the same non-metallic element. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonmetal' in WordNet: 1. (3) nonmetal - (a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties)`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c
Sub-classes	Bromine^c Argon^c Iodine^c Fluorine^c Tellurium^c Selenium^c Krypton^c Xenon^c Neon^c Boron^c Arsenic^c Silicon^c

NonNaturalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonNaturalThing`
Description	CYC: The collection of non-natural individuals. This collection is hard to precisely define but, roughly, something is an instance of this collection just in case it is one of the following: 1) #$Individual acts that are intentionally performed by #$IntelligentAgents, or 2) #$Individuals that in some significant sense could only have been the result of the intentional activities of #$IntelligentAgents (or groups thereof). Positive examples in the first category include #$CaesareanSections, negative examples include eating. Positive examples in the second category include instances of industrial pollution and tire tracks. Negative examples include human vomit and human (bare) footprints. `CSMO note: this type`
Super-classes	Individual^c
Sub-classes	InanimateThing-NonNatural^c

NonParentGuardian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonParentGuardian`
Description	One who is not a Parent of a ''MinorChild''; who is Guarding or has responsibility to guard a ''MinorChild'' including those with formal responsibility to act in lieu of a parent to protect a child. `NOTE: in the restricted OWL logic it cannot be said that a ''ChildGuardian'' is not a (is disjoint with) ''Parent'' because those acting 'in loco parentis' for one ''MinorChild'' may have children of their own. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'guardian' in WordNet: 1. (4) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property)`
Super-classes	Guardian^c
Sub-classes	FosterParent^c

NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional`
Description	Cyc
Super-classes	MedicalCareProfessional^c
Sub-classes	Acupuncturist^c NonPhysicianPrescriber^c Nurse^c

NonPhysicianPrescriber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonPhysicianPrescriber`
Description	Non-physicians who have prescribing ability.
Super-classes	Prescriber^c NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional^c

NonPortable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonPortable

Description

';NonPortable;' is an attribute of PhysicalObjects that can not usually be carried by one or two persons using and supporting he object only with their hand(s). Any Object larger than a 'HumanSizedObject' will be ''NonPortable''.

       No WN sense.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NonPortableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonPortableObject`
Description	A ''NonPortableObject'' is one that is too large or too heavy to be carried by one or two people using only the hands. This is one characteristic of ''HumanScaleObject''s (larger than ''HumanSizedObject''s), and of objects larger than that. `Something small enough to lift with one hand is a ''SmallObject'' COSMO note: this includes objects that can be transported on a dolly by one person, such as a typical kitchen 'Refrigerator', if that object can be lifted onto the dolly by two people, neither of whom is Arnold Schwarzenegger. The object scales included in this type are: LargeObject HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonPortable^c
Sub-classes	LargeObject^c

NonPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonPoweredDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$NonPoweredDevice is a device which does not need to have any kind of energy supplied to it in order for it to perform its intended function. Examples of #$NonPoweredDevices include tables, floor mats, bookshelves, shirts, and coat hangars. A hammer would not be an instance of #$NonPoweredDevice, since it requires kinetic energy to perform its intended function.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Device^c
Sub-classes	SmallSupportingStand^c PaperWeight^c Bottle^c FileCabinet^c China-Dinnerware^c StableGear^c Eyewear^c GourdBottle^c FloorBoard^c Bookcase^c Jar^c Yoke^c GameArtifact^c Snorkel^c Hassock^c SnowBoard^c Fastener^c KitchenStrainer^c OfficeFurniture^c BookRack^c Stethoscope^c Goggles^c Clothing^c Rung^c ArtifactBase^c Bandage^c Buffet^c StorageConstructInABuilding^c ContainerStopper^c Chimney^c FreeWeight^c Ashtray^c PoolTable^c BirdBath^c Stake^c PostStuckInGround^c LampShade^c Ladder^c Envelope^c ClothesPin^c Aqueduct^c Chain^c Saddle^c Curtain^c Wakeboard^c Wig^c PhysicalFilter^c RigidColumn^c ServingVessel^c Trampoline^c Horseshoe^c EatingVessel^c Bench^c Brick^c TableCovering^c PortableCarrier^c AutoSeat^c Bowl-Generic^c WeightDevice^c Backpack^c Sideboard^c WritingSurfaceProduct^c Mast^c Purse^c Splint^c WashBoard^c Jewelry^c Bookend^c Chair^c Hemostat^c DrinkingVessel^c Handle^c Headgear^c SmallRigidSheet^c Depressor^c GameBoard^c IroningBoard^c TransmissionLine^c Stool^c Mirror^c Hurdle^c DisplayCase^c Sofa^c PotteryObject^c Harness^c Nut-TheDevice^c EarPlug^c SawHorse^c Tire^c ShowerCurtainRing^c Cord^c Ferrule^c Trivet^c

NonProfit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonProfit

Description

''NonProfit'' refers to Organizations or activities that are not performed for Profit, but for charitable, educational, scientific or other purposes that are not motivated by the goal of accumulating money for those perorming the activity.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonprofit' in WordNet:
             1. nonprofit, non-profit-making - (not commercially motivated)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

NonProfitOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonProfitOrganization`
Description	$NonProfitOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$NonProfitOrganization is an organization that is not operated with the purpose of making a profit. Instances of #$NonProfitOrganization have members, rather than owners. Charities, clubs, schools, political action groups, political parties and churches are usually instances of #$NonProfitOrganization. Instances of #$NonProfitOrganizations are often exempt from certain taxes in particular jurisdictions. Specific examples of elements of #$NonProfitOrganization are #$RedCrossSociety-National and #$RomanCatholicChurch. SUMO: Any Organization whose purpose is something other than making a profit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonprofit organization' in WordNet: 1. nonprofit organization, nonprofit, not-for-profit - (an organization chartered for other than profit-making activities)
Super-classes	PrivateOrganization^c
Sub-classes	CharitableOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MITRE

NonReal-World^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonReal-World`
Description	'NonReal-World' is the attribute of something that is believed (by the ontologist) not to exist in the physical universe (or multiverse, if that exists). This includes Fictional things as well as mythical or Imaginary or other things that occur e.g. in superstitions. The Ontologist is free to make commitements as to the reality of such entities. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unreal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unreal - (lacking in reality or substance or genuineness; not corresponding to acknowledged facts or criteria; 'ghosts and other unreal entities'; 'unreal propaganda serving as news')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Imaginary^c

NonReality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonReality`
Description	Any state or Event hypothesized to occur, but not in fact occurring in our real universe within the specified interval of time and space. Instances of 'NonReality' would be fictional or counterfactual Events, or ErroneousBeliefs.
Super-classes	Situation-Localized^c

NonReligious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonReligious

Description

''NonReligious'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes a ''NonReligiousPerson''.

      NOTE:   RHW has 'nonreligious' adjective (stub) but WN does not.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NonReligiousPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonReligiousPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who are not religious in any way.
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonReligious^c doesNotPerformAction^op value Praying^c doesNotPerformAction^op value BelievingaReligiousDoctrine^c lacks^op value ReligiousBeliefs^c
Sub-classes	Atheist^c ReligiousAgnostic^c

NonStandard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonStandard

Description

The opposite of 'Standardized'. An attribute of objects or procedures (or of some attribute of objects) that are uncommon and therefore that their use is more difficult because it is unfamiliar.

      Corresponds to adjective senses  2 of 'nonstandard'  in WordNet.
      in WordNet:
        2. nonstandard - (varying from or not adhering to a standard;
          'nonstandard windows'; 'envelopes of nonstandard sizes'; 
          'nonstandard lengths of board')

Super-classes Unusual^c

NonStandardSpeech^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonStandardSpeech`
Description	''NonStandardSpeech'' is some subset of standard language that includes some form of specialized ''Terminology'' used by a community that is a subset of the whole language using community. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'non-standard speech' in WordNet: 1. non-standard speech - (speech that differs from the usual accepted, easily recognizable speech of native adult members of a speech community)`
Super-classes	SpokenCommunicating^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Terminology^c

NonUrgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonUrgent`
Description	An attribute of Actions that are considered - by some person(s) - as not being 'Urgent', i.e. it can be postponed. This does not mean it is unimportant, merely that it does not have to be performed in the very near future.
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c

NonVerbal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonVerbal

Description

''NonVerbal'' is the AttributeValue that characterizes ''Communication'' that does not use the spoken word.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonverbal' in WordNet:
          1. (3) gestural, nonverbal - (being other than verbal communication;
             'the study of gestural communication'; 'art like gesture is a form
             of nonverbal expression')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NonVerbalCommunicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonVerbalCommunicating`
Description	A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of #$Communicating. Each instance of #$NonVerbalCommunicating is a transmission of information that is not in the form of language. Thus spoken, written, and sign-language communications are excluded. Specializations of #$NonVerbalCommunicating include #$ShakingHands and #$Cuddling. Note that #$MakingAGesture is not a subcollection of #$NonVerbalCommunicating, since instances of #$MakingAGesture are merely information-encodings, upon which communication (even verbal communication, in the case sign-language) might or might not occur).
Super-classes	Communication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonVerbal^c
Sub-classes	Cuddling^c SignLanguageGesturing^c MakingAGesture^c Caressing^c

NonWoody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonWoody`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonwoody' in Wordnet: 1. nonwoody - (not woody; not consisting of or resembling wood)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Nonalcoholic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonalcoholic

Description

''Nonalcoholic'' is the AttributeVale for things that do not contain EthylAlcohol. Applied mostly to ''NonAlcoholicBeverage''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonalcoholic' in Wordnet:
     1. nonalcoholic - (characterized by the absence of alcohol; 'nonalcoholic beverages')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Nonattendance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonattendance`
Description	A 'Nonattendance' is an ''Absence'' of a Person or GroupOfPeople from some ''Event-Organized'' which they might have attended or been expected to attend. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonattendance' in WordNet: 1. nonattendance - (the failure to attend)`
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c Absence^c DidNotHappenEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or AgentType^c) occurredAt^op some PlaceOfAbsence^c occursDuring^op some Event-Organized^c isPerformedBy^op some Absentee^c

Nonce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonce`
Description	''Nonce'' or 'the nonce' or 'the time being' is a part of ''ThePresent'' that is relatively short, and is usually intended to last (temporarily) only until something occurs to change the situation. This is used for situations when some arrangement or adjustment to a situation is made that is satisfactory but anticipated to need further adjustment at some point in the future: 'that will do for the time being'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonce' in WordNet: 1. time being, nonce - (the present occasion; 'for the nonce')`
Super-classes	ThePresent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Interim^c

NonceWord^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonceWord

Description

A ''NonceWord'' is a ''Neologism'' (new word) created just to serve a specific purpose or occasion, and not necessarily intended to be of general or widespread use.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonce word' in WordNet:
           1. nonce word, hapax legomenon - (a word with a special meaning used for a special occasion)

Super-classes Neologism^c

Noncombustible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noncombustible

Description

''Noncombustible''

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'noncombustible' and includes
       adj sense 1 of 'nonflammable' in WordNet:
       1. noncombustible, incombustible - (not capable of igniting and burning)
     WN adj 'nonflammable':
       1. nonflammable - (impossible to ignite)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Nonconductive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonconductive`
Description	Not able to conduct electricity. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonconductive' in Wordnet: 1. nonconductive, nonconducting, non-conducting - (not able to conduct heat or electricity or sound)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ElectricallyNonconductive^c

Nonessential^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonessential`
Description	A 'Nonessential' is something that is not necessary for some purpose. This is neither 'undesirable' or 'worthless', just not necessary for some particular task. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'nonessential' in WordNet: 1. inessential, nonessential - (anything that is not essential; 'they discarded all their inessentials')`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unnecessary^c
Sub-classes	Adjunct^c Luxury^c

Nonexistent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonexistent`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonexistent' in WordNet: 1. (3) nonexistent - (not having existence or being or actuality; 'chimeras are nonexistent')`
Super-classes	ExistenceValue^c
Sub-classes	Absent^c Anticipated^c Potential^c Lacking^c Pending^c

Nonfictional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonfictional`
Description	'Nonfictional' is the attribute of anything that is intended to be ''Factual and not intended to be ''Fictional''. ('factual' may be a subtype?) `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonfictional' in Wordnet: 1. nonfictional - (not fictional)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Fact-Based^c Faith-Based^c

Noninvasive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noninvasive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'noninvasive' in Wordnet: 1. noninvasive - (relating to a technique that does not involve puncturing the skin or entering a body cavity)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Nonlinear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonlinear`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonlinear' in Wordnet: 1. nonlinear - (designating or involving an equation whose terms are not of the first degree)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NonnegativeInt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonnegativeInt`
Description	An Integer that is greater than or equal to zero. `NOTE: this term is abbreviated to avoid potential confusion with the xsd 'nonNegativeInteger', though the meanings are very similar.`
Super-classes	NonnegativeRealNumber^c Integer^c
Sub-classes	PositiveInteger^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_11 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_14 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GT_1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_0 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_10 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_7 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_100 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_21 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_4000000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#infinity http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_13 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_18 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LT_1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2000000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_15 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_5880000000000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_50 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_25 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1000000000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_8 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_20 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_5000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1000000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_250 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_760 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_12 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_16 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_40 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_9 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_19 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_17 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_30

NonnegativeRealNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonnegativeRealNumber`
Description	A RealNumber that is greater than or equal to zero.
Super-classes	RealNumber^c
Sub-classes	NonnegativeInt^c PositiveRealNumber^c

Nonpartisan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonpartisan`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonpartisan' in Wordnet: 1. nonpartisan, nonpartizan - (free from party affiliation or bias)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

NonpaymentLoss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonpaymentLoss`
Description	''NonpaymentLoss'' is a ''FinancialLoss'' that can occur to a ''Creditor'' when a payment that is due is not paid, in a `NOTE: each of the terms in this WN synset: 'nonpayment, default, nonremittal' occurs twice in WN, once, as here, to represent the loss to the creditor to whom the payment is not remitted, and once (see ''MissingaPayment'') to label the act of a debtor who does not make a payment on time (or ever). The relation between the two senses is causal. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nonremittal' in WordNet: 2. nonpayment, default, nonremittal - (loss resulting from failure of a debt to be paid)`
Super-classes	FinancialLoss^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value MissingaPayment^c

Nonprescription^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonprescription

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonprescription' in Wordnet:
       1. nonprescription, over-the-counter - (purchasable without a doctor's prescription;
          'nonprescription drugs'; 'an over-the-counter cold remedy')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Nonproliferation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonproliferation`
Description	The term 'nonproliferation' is usually used to refer to a policy of preventing and/or limiting the increase in the number of ''NuclearWeapon''s possessed by countries. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonproliferation' in WordNet: 1. nonproliferation, non-proliferation - (the prevention of something increasing or spreading (especially the prevention of an increase in the number of countries possessing nuclear weapons); 'they protested that the nonproliferation treaty was just a plot to maintain the hegemony of those who already had nuclear weapons'; 'nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation are closely related goals')`
Super-classes	Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value ProliferationAction^c

Nonsense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonsense`
Description	An AbstractText representing some information that is meaningless. The meaningless quality can be due to several factors - lack of truth, logical contradiction, or even the use of meaningless words or words that cannot be reasonably interpreted in the syntactic form used. 'the patient was babbling nonsense about aliens possesing his body' 'speaking in tongues is usually speaking nonsense' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonsense' in WordNet: 1. (5) nonsense, bunk, nonsensicality, meaninglessness, hokum - (a message that seems to convey no meaning)`
Super-classes	Humbug^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nonsensical^c
Sub-classes	Jabber^c Gibberish^c Absurdity^c

Nonsensical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonsensical

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute of linguistic or logical assertions that asserts that the assertion evaluated has no meaningful interpretation, or is factually incorrect. 'nonsensical assertions about space aliens'; 'nonsense rhymes'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'nonsensical' and
        adjective sense 1 of 'nonsense' and part of adj sense 1
        of 'meaningless' in WordNet:
         2. nonsense, nonsensical - (having no intelligible meaning;
           'nonsense syllables'; 'a nonsensical jumble of words')
         WN adj 'meaningless':
           1. (4) meaningless, nonmeaningful - (having no meaning or direction 
           or purpose; 'a meaningless endeavor'; 'a meaningless life'; 
           'a verbose but meaningless explanation')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c
Salient^c
Incoherent^c

NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory`
Description	Drugs which reduce inflammation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory' in WordNet: 1. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID - (an anti-inflammatory drug that does not contain steroids; 'NSAIDs inhibit the activity of both Cox-1 and Cox-2 enzymes')`
Super-classes	AntiInflammatory^c
Sub-classes	Aspirin^c Ibuprofen^c

Nonstick^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonstick

Description

''Nonstick'' is mostly used for cooking utensils that allow easy removal of foodstuffs that were contained in them. This means that they resist ''Adhering'' to the food. This can be applied more generally to things that are not sticky and tend not to stick to things that are sticky.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonstick' in Wordnet:
          1. nonstick - ((of surfaces especially of cooking utensils)
               permitting easy removal of adherent food particles; 
               'a frying pan with a nonstick surface')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Nonstop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonstop`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonstop' in Wordnet: 1. nonstop - ((of a journey especially a flight) occurring without stops; 'a nonstop flight to Atlanta')`
Super-classes	Continued^c

NonstopFlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonstopFlight`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonstop' in WordNet: 1. nonstop flight, nonstop - (a flight made without intermediate stops between source and destination; 'how many nonstops are there to Dallas?')`
Super-classes	FlightViaAirTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nonstop^c doesNotHavePart^op value Stopover^c

Nonstoply^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonstoply

Description

''Nonstoply'' is the adverbial form of ''Nonstop''.

         Corresponds to adver sense 1 of 'nonstop' in Wordnet:
           1. nonstop - (without stopping; 'we are flying nonstop form New York to Tokyo')

Super-classes Continually^c

Nontaxable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nontaxable`
Description	''Nontaxable'' is an Attribute of things Objects or Actions) that are not restricted by some law or regulation that applies to other Objects or Actions. `NOTE: this type is close in meaning to 'tax-free'. This attribute will include a 'partial' exemption, and the subAttribute ''Tax-Free'' will characterize complete exemption. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nontaxable' in Wordnet: 1. nontaxable, exempt - ((of goods or funds) not subject to taxation; 'the funds of nonprofit organizations are nontaxable'; 'income exempt from taxation')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Tax-Free^c

Nontraditional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nontraditional

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nontraditional' in Wordnet:
           1. nontraditional, untraditional - (not conforming to or in accord with tradition; 
              'nontraditional designs'; 'nontraditional practices')

Super-classes Unconventional^c

NonvascularOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NonvascularOrganism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonvascular organism' in WordNet: 1. nonvascular organism - (organisms without vascular tissue: e.g. algae, lichens, fungi, mosses)`
Super-classes	Organism^c
Sub-classes	Bryophyte^c

Nonviolent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonviolent

Description

'Nonviolent' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are performed without violence, or People who refrain from violence. This term is commonly used in reference to protests and demonstrations and other actions protesting or advocating some political policy.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonviolent' in Wordnet:
         1. nonviolent - (abstaining (on principle) from the use of violence)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Nonworker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nonworker`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonworker' in WordNet: 1. nonworker - (a person who does nothing)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	doesNotPerformAction^op value WorkingEvent^c

Noodle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noodle`
Description	CYC: Little things made of flour. We'll assume they are stored dried, and cooked by boiling. `This is for a moist Noodle, soft and not dried. A dried noodle would have to be a different subtype. ??How to describe a food that is easily shredded with a mild pressure?? This includes ribbon-shaped, tube-shaped, rope-shaped, and helical ribbons as well as any other shape the cooks can invent. Includes but is broader than (any cross-sectional shape) noun sense 1 of 'noodle' in WordNet: 1. noodle - (a ribbonlike strip of pasta)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c FoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value LongAndThinThing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Pasta^c

Nook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nook`
Description	This ''Nook'' is a part of a ''Room'' in a bilding that is secluded and affords privacy. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nook' in WordNet: 2. corner, nook - (an interior angle formed be two meeting walls; 'a piano was in one corner of the room')`
Super-classes	Corner-3d^c PartOfBuilding^c
Restrictions	facilitates^op value Privacy^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Room^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Secluded^c

Noon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noon`
Description	A TimePoint that is 12 hours after Midnight of each day. Note that this is a 'RecurringTimeInterval', but TimePoints in COSMO are also instances of TimeInterval - of zero duration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'noon' in Wordnet: 1. (8) noon, twelve noon, high noon, midday, noonday, noontide - (the middle of the day)`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf some Midday^c

Noose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noose`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'noose' in WordNet: 2. noose, running noose, slip noose - (a loop formed in a cord or rope by means of a slipknot; it binds tighter as the cord or rope is pulled)`
Super-classes	Fastener^c Loop^c Configuration^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value PieceOfRope^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value HoldingAnObject^c

Norm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Norm

Description

A 'Norm' is a ''StandardSpec'' Specification for how things should be done or structured.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'norm' in WordNet:
        1. (9) norm - (a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical;
             'the current middle-class norm of two children per family')

Super-classes StandardSpec^c

Normal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Normal

Description

'OccurringAtaFixedTime' is an AttributeValue of Actions

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'normal' in WordNet:
     1. (82) normal - (conforming with or constituting a norm or standard 
        or level or type or social norm; not abnormal; 
        'serve wine at normal room temperature'; 'normal diplomatic relations'; 
        'normal working hours'; 'normal word order'; 'normal curiosity'; 
        'the normal course of events')

Super-classes Conventional^c

NormalOrganismCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NormalOrganismCondition`
Description	A 'OrganismCondition'' that has no (notable) abnormalities. Health, Consciousness. Most interest is in abnormal conditions, but normal physiological parameters can be assigned to this type. NOTE: this contrasts with''PhysiologicalCondition'', a condition that is in some sense not 'normal' because a normal organisms pends less than half its time in that state. Not being 'normal' in this sense does not necessarily imply that there is some Ailment - it only means that this condition is not the most common state of an organism. Thus''Estrus'' is a ''Physiologicalcodition'' rather than a ''NormalOrganismCondition''. For borderline cases like being awake or being asleep, those are both considered ''NormalOrganismCondition''s. Some ''OrganismCondition''s may be classified as either subtype, somewhat arbitrarily at this point. Peraps the breakpoint os if a normal organism spendsat least two-thirds time in a condition, it is considered 'normal' in this sense.
Super-classes	OrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Conventional^c
Sub-classes	BeingAwake^c Appetite^c Ego^c Consciousness^c Fecundity^c SleepingEvent^c Health^c

NormalizingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NormalizingSomething`
Description	''NormalizingSomething'' is the transitive Action in which some ''Thing'' that is the gramatical object 'patient') of the Action had some property differing from that of the majority of ''Thing''s of the same type, and after the ''NormalizingSomething'' ''Action' that property became close to the value of the average ''Thing'' of that type. This is the transitive sense of 'normalize'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'normalize' in WordNet: 2. normalize, normalise, renormalize, renormalise - (make normal or cause to conform to a norm or standard; "normalize relations with China"; "normalize the temperature"; "normalize the spelling")`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BecomingNormal^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Normal^c

Norman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Norman

Description

     NOTE: this sense of 'Norman' includes reference to the older 11th-century 'Normen' who
        invaded Ango-Saxon England in 1066.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'Norman' in Wordnet:
         1. Norman - (of or relating to or characteristic of Normandy; 'Norman beaches')
         2. Norman - (of or relating to or characteristic of the Normans; 'the Norman Invasion in 1066')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

NormanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NormanPerson`
Description	`NOTE: this sense of 'NormanPerson' includes the older 11th-century 'Normen' who invaded Ango-Saxon England in 1066. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Norman' in WordNet: 3. Norman - (an inhabitant of Normandy)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Normandy^c

Normative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Normative`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'normative' in Wordnet: 1. normative - (relating to or dealing with norms; 'normative discipline'; 'normative samples')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c Exemplary^c

NormativeExample^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NormativeExample`
Description	An ''NormativeExample''is a 'GoodExample' that has all or most of the most desirable characteristics of a thing, such that it is believed to serve as a 'model' for imitation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rule' in WordNet: 2. (15) convention, normal, pattern, rule, formula - (something regarded as a normative example; 'the convention of not naming the main character'; 'violence is the rule not the exception'; 'his formula for impressing visitors')`
Super-classes	GoodExample^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Normative^c

NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other #$GeopoliticalEntity whose territory is located in the #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica. A person native to an area of North America not under the jurisdiction of any #$GeopoliticalEntity would also be an instance of #$NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject.
Super-classes	Person^c
Sub-classes	CanadianPerson^c UnitedStatesPerson^c

NorthEastern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthEastern

Description

''NorthEastern'' is an attribute that takes a Region or LandArea as argument and returns the geographically northeasternmost part of that region. ('northeastern US')

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'northeastern' in Wordnet:
          1. northeastern, northeasterly, northeast - (situated in or oriented toward the northeast;
            'the northeasterly part of the island')

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

NorthWestern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthWestern

Description

''NorthWestern'' is an attribute that takes a Region or LandArea as argument and returns the geographically northwesternmost part of that region. ('northwestern US')

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'northwestern' in Wordnet:
          1. northwestern, northwesterly, northwest - (situated in or oriented toward the northwest)

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

Northbound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Northbound

Description

''Northbound'' is the attribute of some PhysicalObject moving northward, or of the 'otion'' or of a one-way Path. 'northbond traffic is moving slowly'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'northbound' in Wordnet:
           1. northbound, northward - (moving toward the north; 'the northbound lane';
              'we took the north train'; 'the northward flow of traffic')

Super-classes DirectionalAttributeValue^c
OrientationMeasure^c

Northern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Northern

Description

'Northern' is an attribute that takes a Region as argument and returns the geographically northernmost part of that region.

       Corresponds to Part of adjective sense 2 of 'northern' (situated in the northern
           part) in Wordnet:
          2. (6) northerly, northern - (situated in or oriented toward the north;
          'the northern suburbs'; 'going in a northerly direction')

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

NorthernOriole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthernOriole`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'northern oriole' in WordNet: 1. northern oriole, Icterus galbula - (a kind of New World oriole)`
Super-classes	Grackle^c
Sub-classes	BaltimoreOriole^c

Northward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Northward

Description

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'northward' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) north, to the north, in the north, northerly, northwards, northward -
               (in a northern direction; 'they earn more up north'; 'Let's go north!')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
AdverbialModifier^c

NorwayRat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorwayRat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Norway rat' in WordNet: 1. brown rat, Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus - (common domestic rat; serious pest worldwide)`
Super-classes	Pest^c Rat^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Brownish^c

Norwegian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Norwegian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Norwegian' in Wordnet: 1. Norwegian, Norse - (of or relating to Norway or its people or culture or language; 'Norwegian herring')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

NorwegianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorwegianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Norwegian' in WordNet: 1. Norwegian, Norseman, Norse - (a native or inhabitant of Norway)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaNativeOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Norway^c

Nose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nose`
Description	Facial organ used in smelling and breathing. `SUMO: The Organ of Smelling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nose' in WordNet: 1. (30) nose, olfactory organ - (the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals; 'he has a cold in the nose')`
Super-classes	Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalOrgan^c ChemoReceptiveSensor^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	TrunkOfAnElephant^c HumanNose^c

Nosebleed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nosebleed`
Description	A ''Nosebleed'' is a ''Bleeding'' from the nose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nosebleed' in WordNet: 1. nosebleed, epistaxis - (bleeding from the nose)`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c Bleeding^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Nose^c

Nosegay^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nosegay

Description

A small bouquet.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nosegay' in Wordnet:
      1. bouquet, corsage, posy, nosegay - (an arrangement of flowers
         that is usually given as a present)

Super-classes Bouquet^c

Nostalgia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nostalgia`
Description	CYC: The collection of feelings of homesickness, a kind of wistful longing for things experienced in the past. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nostalgia' in Wordnet: 1. (2) nostalgia - (longing for something past)`
Super-classes	Wistfulness^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Wistful^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wistful^c

Nostalgic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nostalgic

Description

''Nostalgic'' is the attribute of someone feeling a 'longing' for somethingin the past.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nostalgic' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) homesick, nostalgic - (unhappy at being away and longing 
              for familiar things or persons)

Super-classes Wistful^c

Nostril^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nostril

Description

CYC: The collection of all nostrils. An individual #$Nostril is any opening (#$Portal) in the head (#$Head-AnimalBodyPart) through which #$Breathing occurs other than a #$Mouth or part of one. #$Nostrils may be symmetric parts of #$Noses or #$Beaks, or single holes on the top of a head (a #$Blowhole).

        SUMO: Either of two BodyVessels that run through the Nose 
          and connect it to the Throat.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nostril' in Wordnet:
            1. nostril, anterior naris - (either one of the two external
               openings to the nasal cavity in the nose)

Super-classes AnatomicalVessel^c
ExternalOrifice^c
AnimalBodyPart^c

Nosy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nosy

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nosy' in Wordnet:
      1. nosy, nosey, prying, snoopy - (offensively curious or inquisitive; 
         'curious about the neighbor's doings'; 'he flipped through my letters in his nosy way';
         'prying eyes'; 'the snoopy neighbor watched us all day')

Super-classes Impolite^c
Inquisitive^c

NotAgainstSomeRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotAgainstSomeRule`
Description	'NotAgainstSomeRule' is an attribute of an Action that does not violate some rule, ie.e. is allowed, including for rules of a game as well as official governmental laws. For 'Legal' meaning against an official law, use 'Legal' `This is included to add detail to the notion of 'Legal'.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Discretionary^c Legal^c

NotBeingPerformed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotBeingPerformed`
Description	''NotBeingPerformed'' is an ''Inaction'' in which some live ''DramaticPerformance'' is no longer being performed in the most popular venues (such as Broadway), although it may be performed in smaller less-known places (e.g. High Schools) or at some time in the future.
Super-classes	Inaction^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op some DramaticPerformance^c

NotDependent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotDependent`
Description	''NotDependent'' is a generic Attribute of things (not just organisms or groups of agents) that perform some function without dependening (in any sense) on something else. This generic attribute includes as subtypes the attribute ''Independent'' for people or agent groups This also includes the attribute of a person who has lost a 'dependence' or habituation to some type of behavior or to some substance. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'independent' in WordNet: 2. (11) independent - (not dependent on or conditioned by or relative to anything else)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Weaned^c Automatic^c Independent^c

NotExcessive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotExcessive

Description

'NotExcessive' is an AttributeValue modifying things other than people or actions or policies (such as prices), indicating that the thing modified is not beyond the limits (not too high or too low in some quantitative sense) of what would be normally expected. Applying this attribute is to make a judgment based on expected or normal values for the thing modified. This would not be used to modify people (use 'Reasonable') or actions (use 'NotUnreasonable), but most other uses of 'reasonable' would suggest use of this AttributeValue. Example: 'drive at a reasonable speed'; 'drinking a reasonable amount of alcohol won't get you drunk'.

  This corresponds to the sense of 'fair' as in 'fair market value'.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'reasonable' and adjective sense 3 of 'fair' in WordNet:
     2. (14) fair, fairish, reasonable - (not excessive or extreme; 'a fairish income';
        'reasonable prices')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

NotHungryAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotHungryAnimal`
Description	CYC 'NotHungry': The collection of #$Animals that are not hungry. A state somewhere in between being #$Hungry and being #$ModeratelyFull.
Super-classes	Animal^c

NotMarriedCouple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotMarriedCouple`
Description	A ''NotMarriedCouple'' is two people who are not married to each other.
Super-classes	CoupleOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Spouse^c
Sub-classes	AdulteringCouple^c

NotUnreasonable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotUnreasonable`
Description	'NotUnreasonable' is an AttributeValue modifying actions or policies, and is not applied to people (use 'Reasonable' or quantitative measures (use 'NotExcessive'). Use of NotUnreasonable indicates that the action or policy modified is of a type that a 'Reasonable' person would make, showing sound judgment. Applying this attribute is to make a judgment based on normal behaviors (or policies . Example: 'drive at a reasonable speed'; 'drinking a reasonable amount of alcohol won't get you drunk'. `Includes adjective sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'reasonable' (the part not applying directly to people) in WordNet: 1. (17) reasonable, sensible - (showing reason or sound judgment; 'a sensible choice'; 'a sensible person') 3. reasonable, sane - (marked by sound judgment; 'sane nuclear policy')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Sensible^c

NotWantingAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotWantingAnAction`
Description	''NotWantingAnAction'' is a ''PersistentState'', a stative Event during which some 'Person' would be displeased if some Action occurs.
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some ActionType^c mayCause^op value AvoidanceAction^c

NotWhite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotWhite`
Description	Any color that is not white or transparent.
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c

NotYetAlive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotYetAlive`
Description	An attribute that specifies that an animal that is mentioned has not yet been conceived, which means that it is a hypothetical animal (or person) that may exists in the future. This provides a referent to refer to anticipated future people as in statements such as 'My children will be well schooled' when such children do not yet exist physically. Such referents might also be attributed to a hypothetical world, to achieve a similar logical effect, but the use of NotYetAlive suggests an expectation (at the time the assertion is made) that such individuals will in fact exist at some point in the future, and are not being postulated for argument's sake.
Super-classes	VitalityAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unborn^c

Notably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notably

Description

''Notably'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Propositions or Assertions and indicates that the events or attributes characterized are ''Remarkable'' or performed in a 'Remakable'' manner.

        Corresponds to adveb sense 1 of 'notably' in WordNet:
          1. (6) notably - (to a notable extent; 
            'notably in the social sciences, the professors teach too much')
        WN adverb 'remarkably':
          1. (9) unusually, remarkably, outstandingly, unco -
             (to a remarkable degree or extent; "she was unusually tall")

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

NotationalSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotationalSymbol`
Description	A ''NotationalSymbol'' is a Group of one or more ''AbstractSymbol''s that represent a part of a system of notation. `This does not have to be a complete 'Word', but may be only part of a word, one AbstractCharacter or some combination of Characters , or even several strngs strung together randomly. It does not have to have a meaning nor to function as a unit.`
Super-classes	AbstractSymbol^c AbstractString^c
Sub-classes	DecimalPoint^c MusicalNoteSymbol^c

NotationalSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotationalSystem`
Description	A 'NotationalSystem'' is an .''Information-encoding-system'' that uses a Group of ''NotationalSymbol''s (''AbstractSymbol''s) ordered by a ''Grammar'' to represent information of any type. "objecttype" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'notation' in WordNet: 1. (2) notation, notational system - (a technical system of symbols used to represent special things)
Super-classes	Information-encoding-system^c FunctionalSystem^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some NotationalSymbol^c requiresResource^op some Grammar^c
Sub-classes	MathematicalNotation^c PhoneticWritingSystem^c MusicalNotation^c WritingSystem^c

Notch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notch`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'notch' in WordNet: 3. notch - (a V-shaped or U-shaped indentation carved or scratched into a surface; 'there were four notches in the handle of his revolver')
Super-classes	Indentation^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some ArtifactObjectType^c isProducedByEventType^op value Incising^c

Note^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Note`
Description	A ''Note'' is a short ''PhysicalEventRecord'' that is a brief description of some Event or thoughts. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'note' in WordNet: 2. (223) note - (a brief written record; 'he made a note of the appointment')`
Super-classes	WrittenRecord^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c
Sub-classes	Memorandum^c HandwrittenNote^c

Notebook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notebook`
Description	Each ''Notebook'' is a ''Book-Physical'' that starts with many blank pages, which are filled with notes for any of various purposes. A Diary (hardcopy) is one example, a lab notebook for records of experiments is another. `NOTE that the restriction 'hasPhysicalPart' - 'BlankPage' is for noteooks that are not completely filled. A distinction can be made when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'notebook' in WordNet: 1. (2) notebook - (a book with blank pages for recording notes or memoranda)`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WritingByHand^c hasPhysicalPart^op min 2
Sub-classes	Diary-Physical^c

Notice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notice`
Description	A ''Notice''is a ''Message'' produced and transmitted by a ''Notifying'' Action. This is the abstract content of the Message. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'notice' in WordNet: 1. (8) notice - (an announcement containing information about a future event; 'you didn't give me enough notice')`
Super-classes	Message^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value FutureSituation^c wasTransferredInEvent^op value Notifying^c

NoticeSign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NoticeSign`
Description	A ''NoticeSign'' is a ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject'' that contains visual information can be interpreted quickly, being on only one sheet or flat board or plaque, or on the surface of some Object such as a wall or 'Marquee'', and often posted vertically on a wall, though large free-standing billboards are included in this type. This includes traffic signs, signs on public restroom doors, campaign signs stuck into lawns, signs on stores. It can be outside or inside, but is typically placed where it can be seen by persons who can gain useful information from it. It is not necessarily linguistic, and includes icons that symbolize things, like 'no X' signs with X symbolized by some icon, contained within a circle and a diagonal cross through it. NOE that the location of a ''Sign'' is visible from ''PublicallyAccessiblePlace'' which means that the property is open to the public, even if it is in a privately owned structure, as in a hotel or theater (e.g. 'Thank You for not Smoking'). This is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' but is not necessarily a ''FreeSheet'', as it can be merely the surface part of a larger object such as a building or wall or ''Marquee''. CYC 'SignTheDisplay': A specialization of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject. Each instance of #$SignTheDisplay is a physical object typically placed where #$Persons can see it so that they can obtain (generally propositional) information from it. Signs are typically used to identify objects (e.g., street signs, name tags, species labels at zoos), to advertise goods (e.g., billboards, neon signs, posters for garage sales), and to warn of hazards (e.g., signs for road hazards or road construction, printed tape marking off a police line). #$SignTheDisplay differs from #$SymbolicObject in displaying specific information rather than symbolizing another thing, though the two collections are obviously not disjoint. See also #$signifiesTo, #$signifies. corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'sign' in RHW: 'a notice, bearing a name, direction, warning, or advertisement, that is displayed or posted for public view: a traffic sign; a store sign.' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sign' and part of noun sense 5 of 'notice' in WordNet: 2. (5) sign - (a public display of a (usually written) message; 'he posted signs in all the shop windows') WN noun 'notice': 5. (1) poster, posting, placard, notice, bill, card - (a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement; 'a poster advertised the coming attractions')
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	isVisibleFrom^op value PublicProperty^c
Sub-classes	Billboard^c PresentationPoster^c TrafficSign^c

Noticing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noticing

Description

'Noticing' is a 'Perceiving' in which the agent doing the perceiving becomes consciously aware of the thing perceived (an implication not yet represented). The perception can be through any of the senses: 'he noticed that the wine had a bitter taste'.

    The difference between 'Noticing' and 'Observation' is that in a 'Noticing'
      detecting the thing noticed was not the purpose of the perceving, it
     was incidental to the purpose (if any) of the perceiving;
    whereas in 'Observation' the thing obsserved was observed intentionally.      
  @ToDo: this distinction  may not be needed, perhaps it never is 
    used in reasoning?  Review - perhaps merge with 'Observation'.

  Sense distinctions: there may be a distinction between noticing
   an instance of an object or substance, and noticing a fact 
   'the man whispered something to her'; but noticing an object
   is also noticing a fact 'the object is present there', and it
   is not clear how to make this distinction.  Subtypes may
   be defined later (e.g. 'NoticingThePresenceOfSomeObject')
   but as of r787 this type has no subtypes.

  Corresponds to verb sense 2, and noun sense 2  of 'notice' in WordNet:
    2. (21) notice, mark, note - (notice or perceive; 
        'She noted that someone was following her'; 'mark my words')
   WN noun 'notice':
    2. (4) notice, observation, observance - (the act of noticing or paying 
      attention; 'he escaped the notice of the police')

Super-classes IntentionalMentalSituation^c
Action^c
Perceiving^c

Notifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notifying`
Description	'Notifying'' is an ''Informing'' one or more People of some fact that is likely to be significant or of interest to those people. The audience is generally restricted to people that are expected to need or want the information and not the general public. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'notify' in WordNet: 1. (10) advise, notify, give notice, send word, apprise, apprize - (inform (somebody) of something; 'I advised him that the rent was due') WN noun 'notification' 2. telling, apprisal, notification - (informing by words)`
Super-classes	Informing^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Notice^c usesResource^op value NaturalLanguage^c

Notion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notion`
Description	A ''Notion'' is a ''Thought'' that is a weak ''Belief'' derived from an inuitive thinking process rather than a reasoning process. Thi may be composed of more than one ''Thought'', representing some state of things. This is an idea that a person may consider possible, though not necessarily highly probable. A ''Notion'' is not as formal as a ''Theory'', and may or may not be true or rational. It is in effect an informal, not well-thought out set of ideas. When more thoroughly considered and more firmly held, it is the subtype ''Opinion''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'notion' in WordNet: 1. (14) impression, feeling, belief, notion, opinion - (a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; 'his impression of her was favorable'; 'what are your feelings about the crisis?'; 'it strengthened my belief in his sincerity'; 'I had a feeling that she was lying')`
Super-classes	Thought^c
Sub-classes	Ideal^c Suspicion^c Opinion^c Chimera^c IntuitiveThought^c Interpretation^c

Notoriety^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notoriety

Description

'Notoriety' is a SocialState (a PersistentState) of 'BeingRecognized' in which the recognition is spread very widely, among more than a few people, and the deed(s) for which a Person is recognized are generally considered as bad things. For wide recognition for doing good things, use 'Fame' or ''GoodReputation''.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'notoriety' in WordNet:
     1. notoriety, ill fame - (the state of being known for some unfavorable act or quality)

Super-classes BadThing^c
BeingRecognized^c

Notorious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notorious

Description

An attribute of people who are well-known for having performed bad deeds. Linguistically, 'notorious' is also applied to places associated with people who perform bad deeds, and sometimes the bad deeds themselves - logically, for this attribute to be applied, the interpretation of the meaning of 'notorious' as applied to things other than people must be related to people who perform bad deeds. A Person in the state of 'Notoriety' is necessarily a Notorious Person. A Person can be Notorious for some deeds and Famous for others, so this attribute is not disjoint with 'Famous'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 'notorious' and sense 1 of 'infamous' in WordNet:
         1. (5) ill-famed, infamous, notorious - (having an exceedingly bad reputation; 
          'a notorious gangster'; 'the tenderloin district was notorious for vice')

Super-classes Familiar^c
SocialStatusAttribute^c
Salient^c

Notoriously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Notoriously

Description

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'notoriously' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) notoriously - (to a notorious degree; 'European emigres, 
           who notoriously used to repair to the British Museum to write seditious pamphlets')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Noun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Noun`
Description	One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally serve as names for things, whether those things are semantically Objects, Places, Times, or Events. `Includes both noun senses of 'noun' in Wordnet: 1. (1) noun - (a word that can be used to refer to a person or place or thing) 2. (1) noun - (a word that can serve as the subject or object of a verb)`
Super-classes	Word^c
Sub-classes	CompoundNoun^c

NounPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NounPhrase`
Description	A Phrase that has the same function as a Noun.
Super-classes	GrammaticalStructure^c
Sub-classes	DefiniteDescription^c SubjectOfaSentence^c IndirectObjectOfaSentence^c ObjectOfaSentence^c

Nourishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nourishing`
Description	Providing nourishment (food and other things needed for life and growth) to animals or plants.. `This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nourish' and verb sense 1 of 'cultivate' in WordNet: 1. nourish, nurture, sustain - (provide with nourishment; 'We sustained ourselves on bread and water'; 'This kind of food is not nourishing for young children') WN verb 'cultivate': 1. (3) cultivate - (foster the growth of)`
Super-classes	Nurturing^c ActionOnObject^c
Sub-classes	FeedingAnOrganism^c

Novel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Novel`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, all 'Novels' are fictional even if they are 'reality-based'. `In Cyc termed 'Novel-CW' Cyc: The collection of all #$ConceptualWorks that are novels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'novel' in WordNet: 1. (17) novel - (a extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story)`
Super-classes	FictionalStory^c
Restrictions	existsInContext^op value FictionalContext^c
Sub-classes	Novella^c ScienceFiction-Genre^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeterPanStories http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoundationTrilogy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissNelsonIsMissing

Novel-New^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Novel-New`
Description	COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to things that are recently created - artificially or naturally. 'New' is a vague term, and relative to normal time period expectations. This is for objects; for Events that have occured in the near past, use 'Recent'. The linguistic usage of 'new' and 'recent' overlap, but this COSMO sense sould only be applies to objects that have been recently created ('a newborn baby'), `NOTE that things are 'Novel-New' only for some period of time after they are invented. This is vague - not yet determined. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'novel' and sense 4 of 'new' in WordNet: 1. (6) fresh, new, novel - (original and of a kind not seen before; 'the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem')`
Super-classes	New^c
Sub-classes	Advanced-Modern^c Avant-garde^c Unprecedented^c

NovelSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NovelSeries`
Description	A Group of two or more Novels, having some unifying similarity - the same characters, or places, or themes, and written with the intention of all novels being considered as being part of the same world. A series of crime novels with the same detective in each is one example. A group of crime novels by the same author that does not have significant cross-references indicating that they are to be taken as a single context would not be an instance. The series of mysteries featuring Sherlock Holmes is an instance.
Super-classes	Fiction-DerivedWorks^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Novel^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarryPotterStories http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeterRabbitNovels

NovelThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NovelThing`
Description	A ''NovelThing'' is something that is ''Novel-New''. i.e., not previously known or thought of or done.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Novel-New^c

Novelist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Novelist`
Description	A person who has written at least one novel that has been published and sold somewhere. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'novelist' in Wordnet: 1. (6) novelist - (one who writes novels)`
Super-classes	ProfessionalAuthor^c Writer^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op some Novel^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarryAllard http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#J.M.Barrie http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IsaacAsimov

Novella^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Novella`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'novella' in WordNet: 1. novelette, novella - (a short novel)`
Super-classes	Genre^c Novel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Smaller^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Concise^c

November^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#November

Description

The Class of all Months which are November. CYC: A specialization of #$CalendarMonth. Each instance of #$November is the eleventh month of a particular year in the #$GregorianCalendar (q.v.).

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'November' in Wordnet:
       1. (22) November, Nov - (the month following October and preceding December)

Super-classes Month^c

Novice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Novice`
Description	''Novice'' is an ''Amateur'' who is just beginning to learn a particular activity. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'novice' in WordNet: 2. novice, beginner, tyro, tiro, initiate - (someone new to a field or activity)`
Super-classes	Newbie^c Amateur^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inexperienced^c

Now^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Now`
Description	Now is a TimePoint that is referenced as the time at which some sentence is created, and at which the assertion(s) of the sentence are true; if the sentence is in the past or future tenses, the past or future are referenced to the time of the sentence. Each assertion that is indexed in Time has an implicit Now. This is represented linguistically as a noun. The adverb 'now' also references this time point, but in a different manner. For the adverb sense of 'nowadays', 'these days' use 'Nowadays'. For any assertion that references an instance of 'Now', that time can be back-referenced in a data base to determine when assertions were made. There may be very many instances of 'Now' in a database. The phrase 'the present' can also be expressed as 'now'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'now' and adverb sense 1 of 'currently' in WordNet: 1. (10) now - (the momentary present; 'Now is a good time to do it'; 'it worked up to right now') WN adverb 'currently': 1. (4) presently, currently - (at this time or period; now; 'he is presently our ambassador to the United Nations'; 'currently they live in Connecticut')
Super-classes	TheMoment^c TimePoint^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date20160413

NowTillDeadline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NowTillDeadline`
Description	''NowTillDeadline'' is the TimeInterval between ''Now'' and some ''Deadlne'' - the ''AvailableTime'' to complete some Action.
Super-classes	Difference^c TimeDuration^c NumericalDifference^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op only Deadline^c hasFirstElement^op only Now^c
Sub-classes	AvailableTime^c

Nowadays^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nowadays

Description

'Nowadays' is a 'TimeInterval' extending from the present back to some indefinite point in the past, which may be less than a year ago or as much as a century ago. The phrase 'these days' is approximately of the same meaning.

 Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'nowadays' and adverb sense 2 of 'now' and
   adverb sense 1 of 'today' in WordNet:
  1. (1) nowadays, now, today - (in these times; 'it is solely by their language 
     that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished'- Nancy Mitford; 
     'we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets';
     'today almost every home has television')

Super-classes TimeInterval^c
MeasurableTimeInterval^c

Nozzle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nozzle`
Description	A ''Nozzle'' is a ''SpoutOpening'' that allows one to control the rate of exiting of a Fluid from some container. This is commonly used for the 'nozzle' at the end of a hose that allows manual control of the speed, direction, and sometimes the shape of the discharging flow of liquid (not just a fluid). `NOTE: some types of ''nozzle'' ''canBeConnectedWith'' a ''GardenHose''. These are common enough to be subtype. MWD 'nozzle': a short tube constricted in the middle or at one end and used (as on a hose) to speed up or direct a flow of fluid RHUDEL noun 'nozzle' : 1. a projecing spout, terminal discharging pipe, or the like, as of a hose or bellows. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nozzle' in WordNet: 1. (2) nozzle, nose - (a projecting spout from which a fluid is discharged)`
Super-classes	Projection^c SpoutOpening^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c controls^op value ExitingOfFluidFromaContainer^c servesAsaPathFor^op value LiquidObject^c canBeConnectedWith^op value GardenHose^c

NthRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NthRatio`
Description	n 'NthRatio' is a 'NumericRatio' in which the numerator is 1 (one), as in one-tenth, one-third, etc.
Super-classes	NumericRatio^c
Restrictions	hasNumerator^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_9 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_1000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_100 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_8 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_10 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_7 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_3

Nuance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nuance`
Description	A ''Nuance'' is an ''IntendedMeaning'' that is slighty different from some other ''IntendedMeaning'' that could be conveyed by the same phrase in a different context. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuance' in WordNet: 1. (2) nuance, nicety, shade, subtlety, refinement - (a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude; 'without understanding the finer nuances you can't enjoy the humor'; 'don't argue about shades of meaning')`
Super-classes	Meaning^c
Restrictions	mayBeAffectedBy^op value Context^c

Nuclear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nuclear

Description

''Nuclear'' pertains to an ''AtomicNucleus''s forces and events within an ''AtomicNucleus''.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'nuclear' in Wordnet:
             2. (8) nuclear - (of or relating to or constituting 
                the nucleus of an atom; 'nuclear physics'; 'nuclear fission'; 
                'nuclear forces')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Nuclear-Cellular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nuclear-Cellular

Description

''Nuclear-Cellular'' pertains to a ''CellNucleus'' and the components and events within a ''CellNucleus''.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'nuclear' in Wordnet:
             3. (1) nuclear - (of or relating to or constituting
                 the nucleus of a cell; 'nuclear membrane'; 'nuclear division')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

NuclearBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearBody`
Description	The part of a cell which contains the genetic material. This includes the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the nucleoid of prokaryotic cells.
Super-classes	CellPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value RNA^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value DNA^c
Sub-classes	Chromosome^c CellMembraneAndGenome^c CellNucleus^c

NuclearBomb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearBomb`
Description	A specialization of #$Bomb. Each instance of #$NuclearBomb is a bomb that derives its explosive force from energy released during nuclear fission or fusion.
Super-classes	NuclearWeapon^c Bomb^c
Sub-classes	HydrogenBomb^c AtomicBomb^c

NuclearEnergy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearEnergy

Description

Energy contained in the nuclei of Atoms. This is the energy that is released in nuclear reactors to be used by people, or released in nuclear weapons to blow things up.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear energy' in WordNet:
         1. atomic energy, nuclear energy - (the energy released by a nuclear reaction)

Super-classes Energy^c

NuclearExplosion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearExplosion

Description

An explosion caused by a nuclear fission or fusion process.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear explosion' in WordNet:
          1. nuclear explosion, atomic explosion - (the explosion of an atomic bomb)

Super-classes Explosion^c

NuclearFission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearFission`
Description	''NuclearFission'' produces at least two ''AtomicNucleus''es from one larger ''AtomicNucleus'', and also other radiation energy in some form and possibly other aubatomic particles. Emitting a 'helium nucleus' is not usually classified as ''NuclearFission'', but 'alpha radiation'. `NOTE: if ''NuclearFission'' can produce more than two nuclei, the 'produces' cardinality of 2 should be set as a minimum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear fission' in WordNet: 1. (1) fission, nuclear fission - (a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPhenomenon^c SplittingApart^c
Restrictions	produces^op exactly 2 occurredAt^op value AtomicNucleus^c hadChangedEntity^op value AtomicNucleus^c

NuclearFuel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearFuel

Description

A specialization of #$NuclearRelatedMaterial and #$EnergyStuff. Each instance of #$NuclearFuel is some radioactive substance that can be used as an energy source in a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapon.

        NOTE: this is for fission fuel, not for hydrogen that may be used
           in a hydrogen bomb or in a fusion power facility.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear fuel' in WordNet:
          1. nuclear fuel - (fuel (such as uranium) that can be used 
              in nuclear reactors as a source of electricity)

Super-classes Fuel^c
RadioactiveSubstance^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

NuclearGeneratedElectricity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearGeneratedElectricity`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of electricity generated by nuclear fission reactors. `If and when fusion ower becomes practical, a newand different type can be added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear power' in WordNet: 1. atomic power, nuclear power - (nuclear energy regarded as a source of electricity for the power grid (for civilian use))`
Super-classes	Electricity^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByArtifact^op value NuclearReactor^c

NuclearModerator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearModerator`
Description	A ''NuclearModerator'' is a PhysicalSubstance used to 'moderate' the velocity of neutrons emitted in the nuclear reactions in a ''NuclearReactor''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moderator' in WordNet: 1. moderator - (any substance used to slow down neutrons in nuclear reactors)`
Super-classes	Role^c Inhibitor^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op value NuclearReactor^c

NuclearPhysicist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearPhysicist`
Description	A NuclearPhysicist is a Scientist who does research in ''ParticlePhysics''. That field includes all branches of Physics dealing with subatomic particles. Subtypes can be created. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear physicist' in WordNet: 1. nuclear physicist - (a physicist who specializes in nuclear physics)`
Super-classes	Physicist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value SubAtomicParticle^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value ParticlePhysics^c

NuclearPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearPoweredDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$NuclearPoweredDevice is a device which uses nuclear fission or fusion reactions as a source of its power. Specializations of #$NuclearPoweredDevice include #$NuclearSubmarine and #$NuclearAircraftCarrier.
Super-classes	NuclearRelatedThing^c SelfPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	NuclearWeapon^c

NuclearProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearProduct`
Description	An instance of #$ProductType. This collection comprises all #$NuclearRelatedThings that are for sale or in storage to be sold at some later point, i.e. are #$Products.
Super-classes	NuclearRelatedThing^c Product^c

NuclearReaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearReaction`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear reaction' in WordNet: 1. (2) nuclear reaction - ((physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some AtomicNucleus^c

NuclearReactor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearReactor`
Description	A specialization of both of #$MechanicalDevice and #$NuclearProduct (qq.v.). Each instance of #$NuclearReactor is a device that uses instances of #$NuclearFuel (q.v.) to produce energy, which in turn is typically used to produce electricity via an #$ElectricalGenerator-Nuclear (q.v.). Note that some instance of #$NuclearReactor is a physical part of each instance of #$ElectricalGenerator-Nuclear. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear reactor' in WordNet: 1. (1) nuclear reactor, reactor - ((physics) any of several kinds of apparatus that maintain and control a nuclear reaction for the production of energy or artificial elements)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c Apparatus^c PoweredDevice^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value NuclearModerator^c usesResource^op value RadioactiveSubstance^c canCreate^op value NuclearGeneratedElectricity^c

NuclearRelatedThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearRelatedThing`
Description	An instance of #$ProductType. This is the collection of all things related to the use of nuclear energy or nuclear radiation, including things related to nuclear weapons, nuclear power generators, and nuclear medical devices. The collection includes, for example, all #$NuclearServiceEvents, #$Artifacts that are components in nuclear reactors, and all kinds of #$NuclearFuel, as well as nonfissionable #$RadioactiveStuff.
Super-classes	HeterogeneousCategory^c
Sub-classes	NuclearProduct^c NuclearPoweredDevice^c

NuclearWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NuclearWeapon`
Description	A specialization of #$WeaponOfMassDestruction, #$NuclearPoweredDevice, and #$ExplosiveDevice. Each instance of #$NuclearWeapon isa a weapon that derives its destructive power from nuclear energy. `SUMO: An ExplosiveDevice and RadioactiveWeapon which achieves its effect by means of a critical mass of a radioactive substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear weapon' in WordNet: 1. nuclear weapon - (a weapon of mass destruction whose explosive power derives from a nuclear reaction)`
Super-classes	MilitaryWeapon^c NuclearPoweredDevice^c WeaponOfMassDestruction^c ExplosiveDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nuclear^c
Sub-classes	NuclearBomb^c FusionWeapon^c FissionWeapon^c

NucleicAcid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NucleicAcid`
Description	In Cyc was 'NucleicAcidType'. Cyc: A collection of collections. Instances are acids (see #$AcidType) composed of chains of nucleotides (see #$PolynucleotideStrand). `This can also be considered as a 'polynucleotide', but that term does not appear in WordNet. This is formally an ''Acid'' but that is too irrelevant to its salient properties to include at this point. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (1) nucleic acid - ((biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c NitrogenCompound^c OxygenCompound^c Biopolymer^c PhosphorusCompound^c
Restrictions	hasMonomerUnit^op only NucleotideUnit^c hasUnitObject^op only NucleicAcidMolecule^c
Sub-classes	DNA^c RNA^c

NucleicAcidMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NucleicAcidMolecule`
Description	A ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' is a ''ChemicalSequence'' consisting of ''NucleotideUnit''s. This is one ''Molecule'' of a ''NucleicAcid''.
Super-classes	Molecule^c ChemicalSequence^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value NucleotideUnit^c
Sub-classes	DNAMolecule^c

NucleicAcidType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NucleicAcidType`
Description	''NucleicAcidType'' is the metatype whose instances are DNA and RNA.
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Members	DNA NucleicAcid RNA

Nucleon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nucleon`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$SubAtomicParticle. Each instance of #$Nucleon is a subatomic particle found in some atomic nucleus (see the collection #$AtomicNucleus). #$Nucleon has two subcollections, #$Proton and #$Neutron. Every instance of #$AtomicNucleus is composed of some number of #$Nucleons. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nucleon' in WordNet: 1. nucleon - (a constituent (proton or neutron) of an atomic nucleus)`
Super-classes	Baryon^c
Sub-classes	Proton^c Neutron^c

Nucleotide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nucleotide

Description

A ''Nucleotide'' is a phosphate ester of a nucleoside. Nucleotides can be linked in to polymers called ''NucleicAcid''s (DNA or RNA). NOTE: this is for compunds with one ''PhosphateGroup'' in them, Polyphosphates such as ATP are not direct subtypes of this.

        NOTE: the CYC 'Nucleotide' is a CYC subclass of ''Monomer'' but that
           CYC element is ambiguous in that it seems include monomers that are
           linked into polynucleotides -
           Here we ignore the CYC parent 'Monomer'.
              CYC: The collection of all nucleotides.  Instances of
               this collection are chemical compounds consisting of a
               phosphate group, a simple 5-carbon sugar, and a
               #$NitrogenBase.  This collection divides into two groups:
               #$Ribonucleotide, whose instances use #$Ribose as the simple
                5-carbon sugar, and #$Deoxyribonucleotide, whose instances
                   use #$Deoxyribose as the simple 5-carbon sugar.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nucleotide' in Wordnet:
           1. nucleotide - (a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit
             of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA))

Super-classes OxygenCompound^c
Ester^c
FreeMonomerUnit^c
PhosphorusCompound^c
NitrogenCompound^c

NucleotideUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NucleotideUnit`
Description	An ''AtomGroup'' that is part of a polynucleotide. The free linked compound is a 'nucleotide' (nucleoside phosphate), each unit of which loses the elements of water when it is linked into a polymer. `NOTE that this is not a free nuceotide, but a nucleotide that is linked to others in a NucleicAcid. @ToDo: need to define a 'nucleoside unit' as part of this. @ToDo: this entity should be defined by a restriction on types, not instances.`
Super-classes	MonomerUnit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some NucleicAcid^c
Sub-classes	DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit^c

NudgingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NudgingAnObject`
Description	''NudgingAnObject'' is a ''PushingEvent'' that is gentle and causes only a small movement of some ''SolidObject''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nudge' in WordNet: 1. (4) nudge, poke at, prod - (to push against gently; 'She nudged my elbow when she saw her friend enter the restaurant')`
Super-classes	PushingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op some (SolidObjectType^c or SolidObject^c) isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gentle^c

NudgingaPersonToAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NudgingaPersonToAct`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'nudge' in WordNet: 2. nudge - (push into action by pestering or annoying gently)`
Super-classes	RecommendingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gentle^c

Nugget^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nugget`
Description	A ''Nugget'' is a ''Lump'' of some Precious metal, usually gold or Silver. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nugget' in WordNet: 1. nugget - (a solid lump of a precious metal (especially gold) as found in the earth)`
Super-classes	NaturalObject^c ValuableThing^c Lump^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value PreciousMetal^c hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value Ground^c

Numb^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Numb

Description

''Numb'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for ''BodyPart''s that normally have sensation and have lost that capability.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'numb' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) asleep, benumbed, numb - (lacking sensation; 'my foot is asleep'; 'numb with cold')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Number^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Number`
Description	A Number is both a Quantity and an Object. This contrasts with PhysicalQuantity, which is a Quantity and an AttributeValue. Pure numbers and physical quantities (numbers plus units of measure) are disjoint entities. `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'number' in WordNet: 1. (1051) number, figure - (the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals; 'he had a number of chores to do'; 'the number of parameters is small'; 'the figure was about a thousand') 2. (260) number - (a concept of quantity derived from zero and units; 'every number has a unique position in the sequence')`
Super-classes	Quantifier^c MathematicalObject^c
Sub-classes	ComplexNumber^c IDNumber^c Sum^c RealNumber^c OrdinalNumber^c MultiplicationProduct^c
In domain of	hasApproximateValue^dp isEvenlyDivisibleBy^dp
In range of	hasMultiplicand^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_74 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1.75 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1.58

NumberOfAttendees^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberOfAttendees`
Description	A 'NumberOfAttendees' (generally referred to as the 'attendance') is the integer Number of the''"Attendee''s at some ''SocialGathering''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'attendance' in WordNet: 3. attendance - (the number of people that are present; 'attendance was up by 50 per cent')`
Super-classes	NumberOfThings^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some NonnegativeInt^c hasUnit^op value Attendee^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwelveGuests

NumberOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberOfThings`
Description	A 'NumberOfThings' is the integer Number of any kind of 'Thing' in any given context.
Super-classes	CardinalityValue^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value Counting^c
Sub-classes	NumberOfAttendees^c

NumberOne^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberOne

Description

''NumberOne'' is a ''Rank'' of ssomething (often a Person'') that is first in some type of ranking system.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'number one' in WordNet:
         2. first, number one - (the first or highest in an ordering or series; 
           'He wanted to be the first')

Super-classes Rank^c

NumberPerAreaUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberPerAreaUnit`
Description	A ''NumberPerAreaUnit'' is a ''NumericalDensityUnit''that quantifies the number of individuals within some 'area' of a surface. This can be used, for example, for human or non-human population density such as people or anumals per square mile, or for the density of hair on some part of an animal, or for the density of plants within some surface area, or for any other type of entuty that can be enumerated within some area.
Super-classes	NumericalDensityUnit^c

NumberPerPlaceUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberPerPlaceUnit`
Description	A ''NumberPerPlaceUnit'' can be used to specify te population of entities (e.g. organisms) in some ''Place'' without the need to be specific about the area or volume.
Super-classes	NumericalDensityUnit^c

NumberPerVolumeUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberPerVolumeUnit`
Description	A ''NumberPerVolumeUnit'' is a UnitOfMeasure that expresses the number of individuals in some volume of space. This is not the same as mass per volume, a different unit.
Super-classes	NumericalDensityUnit^c

NumberRange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberRange`
Description	A NumberRange is a Quantifier that is mostly used with units of measure, to express the idea that a measure falls within that range. Instances of NumberRange can be represented in COSMO by using the NamespacePrefix 'R_' in front of the range, which is the lower number and higher number separated by a hyphen. Thus the NumberRange 25 to 30 can be reified by creating an instance of NumberRange labeled 'R_25-30'. Using this formalism, a measure that is within the range of 30 to 32 meters could be represented by the function term (in ESKIF) '{R_25-30 meters)'. In implementations that allow the use of bare numbers in an expression, two numbers separated by a hyphen (e.g. '25-30') might be interpreted as a range, rather than as a number derived by subtraction `Programs interpreting such a NumberRange may use it as required for the local application.`
Super-classes	Quantifier^c AbstractObject^c
Restrictions	hasUpperLimit^dp some xsd:float^c hasLowerLimit^dp some xsd:float^c
Sub-classes	ExclusiveNumberRange^c
In range of	hasWeightFractionRange^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighSoundRange http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_1to12 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowSoundRange http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_0to18 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_99to120 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_3to4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerCentage65-70 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AudibleSoundRange http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerCentage15-30

NumberString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberString`
Description	NumberString is an AbstractString which is a representation of a number. NumberStrings have different formats, including integer, decimal, real, hexadecimal, binary, and scientific notation, along with national variants.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
Sub-classes	IntegerString^c DecimalNumberString^c BinaryString^c

Numbness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Numbness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'numbness' in WordNet: 1. (1) numbness - (partial or total lack of sensation in a part of the body; a symptom of nerve damage or dysfunction)`
Super-classes	MedicalSymptom^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Numb^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value BodySensation^c occursAt^op value AnimalBodyPart^c

Numeral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Numeral

Description

A ''Numeral'' is an''AbstractCharacter'' that represents one of the 'Arabric numerals' from 0 to 9..

   CYC: A specialization of #$WritingSymbolCharacter
        instances of which are individual abstract characters used
        as symbols for numbers in  some numeric system or other.
        Instances include the #$ArabicNumerals '0' through
        '9' and single-character Roman numerals. Numerals
        from a given numeric system can normally be combined
        according to the rules of that system to form numeric
        character-strings that serve as names of numbers.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arabic numeral' and *part*  of
      noun sense 1 of 'numeral' (for single digits) in WordNet:
     1. Arabic numeral, Hindu numeral, Hindu-Arabic numeral - 
       (one of the symbols 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0)
   WN noun 'numeral':
     1. numeral, number - (a symbol used to represent a number; 
       'he learned to write the numerals before he went to school')
   WN noun 'digit':
     1. (13) digit, figure - (one of the elements that collectively form
         a system of numeration; '0 and 1 are digits')

Super-classes NumericalCharacter^c

Numerator^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Numerator

Description

A ''Numerator'' is the part of a ''Ratio'' (considered as a fraction) that is divided by the Denominator.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'numerator' in WordNet:
    1. numerator - (the dividend of a fraction)

Super-classes Dividend^c

NumericRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericRatio`
Description	A ratio of two RealNumber's (any one of which may be transcendental, such as [i], represented as an OrderedPair, with the numerator first and denominator second. `Linguistically usually called a 'fraction'. NOTE that although many common ratios are ratios of whole numbers, and therefor RationalNumbers, this more general type can be used to represent symbolic rations on transcendental numbers, such as pi/2 or e/4. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fraction' in WordNet: 3. (4) fraction - (the quotient of two rational numbers)`
Super-classes	RealNumber^c Ratio^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (RealNumber^c or Denominator^c or Numerator^c or Quantifier^c or QuantifierType^c or NonnegativeInt^c)
Sub-classes	RationalRatio^c NthRatio^c

Numerical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Numerical

Description

''Numerical'' is an attribute that pertains to ''Number''s per se, or concepts expressed using numbers, or calculations that use numbers. The number of numerical' things are too varied to comprehensively specify.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'numerical' in Wordnet:
        1. (5) numeric, numerical - (measured or expressed in numbers;
             'numerical value'; 'the numerical superiority of the enemy')
        2. (1) numeral, numerical, numeric - (of or relating to or denoting numbers;
         'a numeral adjective'; 'numerical analysis')
        3. (1) numerical, numeric - (designated by or expressed in numbers; 
            'numerical symbols'; 'a very simple numeric code'; 'numerical equations')

Super-classes Ideographic^c

NumericalCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalCharacter`
Description	A ''NumericalCharacter'' is an AbstractCharacter that represents one of the numbers (usually arabic numerals) n some number system. ''NumericalCharacter'' representing a specific quantitity should have unique values as numbers. Thus the letters used in hexadecimal notation will be included, when they are used in a context that makes clear that their value is numerical rather than alphabetical.
Super-classes	AbstractCharacter^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Number^c
Sub-classes	Numeral^c

NumericalCompassDirection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalCompassDirection`
Description	A NumericalCompassDirection is represented by some number of degrees, East or West of either CompassNorth or TrueNorth.
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c OrientationMeasure^c

NumericalCorrelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalCorrelation`
Description	A ''Correlation'' between two numbers is a ''QuantitativeAttributeValue'' calculated from comparison of two or sets of values of variable measures, to express likely value of one parameter given the value of another, and gives the possible variance and reliability of that prediction. In itself it does not prove causality. The numerical portion of this attribute value is represented as the ''CorrelationCoefficient''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'correlation' in WordNet: 3. correlation, correlational statistics - (a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other)`
Super-classes	RatioQuantity^c StatisticalMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some CorrelationCoefficient^c

NumericalDensity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalDensity`
Description	''NumericalDensity'' is a property of individual ''PhysicalObject''s that may be present in multiple numbers in some Place or area or volume of space.
Super-classes	Density^c

NumericalDensityMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalDensityMeasure`
Description	A ''NumericalDensityMeasure'' it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and an instance of NumericalDensityUnit.
Super-classes	DensityMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePerSquareMile

NumericalDensityUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalDensityUnit`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses ''NumericalDensity'', which is a ratio of the number of individuals and either a volume or an area. `The subtyes differentiate these alternatives.`
Super-classes	DensityUnit^c
Sub-classes	NumberPerPlaceUnit^c NumberPerVolumeUnit^c NumberPerAreaUnit^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#perSquareMile

NumericalDifference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalDifference`
Description	A 'NumericalDifference' is a Quantity (pure number or a MeasurableQuantity having units of measure) that is calculated as the difference of two or more commensurate quantities, by subtracting the first element from the second. The two commensurate quantities may be represented as the first and second elements of a 'QuantitativeDifference'. `NOTE: the calculation will require an FOL function that is an instance of 'LogicalFunction' (e.g. a BinaryFunction') Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'difference' in WordNet: 5. remainder, difference - (the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend) WN For the subtype 'increase': 4. (3) increase, increment - (the amount by which something increases; 'they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare')`
Super-classes	Quantity^c
Sub-classes	NumericalIncrease^c AgeValue^c LifeSpan^c NowTillDeadline^c
In range of	haveNumericalDifference^op

NumericalFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalFunction`
Description	A numericalFunction is a Function that can take a type or a PluralThing and return a PluralThing that has the number of members specified by the function, each member being an instance of that type. Thus the expressions '(two Legs)' or '(two Leg)' both have a value that is a PluralThing consisting of two elements, each of the type 'Leg'. `This is a placeholder FOL function, not calculable using OWL logic.`
Super-classes	LogicalFunction^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtySix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyNine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightyFour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyFour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyThree http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyThree http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventySix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightyNine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightyOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyTwo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightyEight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#eleven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventyFour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventyTwo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Forty http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftySeven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortySeven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetyFive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtyTwo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyFour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventyEight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#fifteen http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetyTwo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ten http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetySeven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thirty http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtyThree http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#eight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#five http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventyOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyFour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtyFive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtyNine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#million http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sixty http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#four http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtyNine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentySix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#twelve http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyEight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyFive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftySix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtySeven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyTwo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtyThree http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightyTwo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtyFour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#billion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtyFive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyEight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eighty http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightySeven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtyTwo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyTwo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#two http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightyThree http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyFive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#thirteen http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#one http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twenty http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortySix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#seven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyNine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtyOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#six http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentySeven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtySeven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#three http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventyNine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightySix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtyEight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventyThree http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fifty http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtyEight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#trillion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixtyFour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seventy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hundred http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtyOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetyOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetySix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetyEight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyThree http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyEight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetyThree http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ninety http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetyFour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirtySix http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#thousand http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventySeven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyNine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NinetyNine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventyFive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightyFive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyFive

NumericalIncrease^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumericalIncrease

Description

A 'NumericalIncrease' is a Quantity (pure number or a MeasurableQuantity having units of measure) that is calculated as the difference of two or more commensurate quantities at thebefinning and end of an 'IncreaseEvent'..

     Includes noun senses a and  4 of 'increase' and sense 1 of 'gain' in WordNet:
        1. (53) addition, increase, gain - (a quantity that is added;
                  'there was an addition to property taxes this year';
                  'they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks')
        4. (3) increase, increment - (the amount by which something increases; 'they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare')

Super-classes NumericalDifference^c

Numerous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Numerous`
Description	''Numerous'' specifies anindefinite quantity that os larger the 'a few'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'numerous' in Wordnet: 1. (18) numerous - (amounting to a large indefinite number; 'numerous times'; 'the family was numerous')`
Super-classes	CardinalityValue^c
Sub-classes	Infinite^c

Nun^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nun

Description

A woman who has taken vows to obey the rules of some religious order; usually a member of a religious order.

     Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'nun' in WordNet:
       1. (3) nun - (a woman religious)

Super-classes PersonWithOccupation^c
ReligiousPerson^c
Woman^c

Nunnery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nunnery

Description

DIfferent from 'nunnery'?

        RHW:  a building or group of buildings for nuns; convent.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nunnery' in WordNet:
          1. nunnery - (the convent of a community of nuns)

Super-classes Convent-Residence^c

NunsHabit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NunsHabit`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'habit' in Wordnet: 3. (1) habit - (a distinctive attire (as the costume of a religious order))`
Super-classes	ReligiousClothing^c WomensClothing^c ClothingOutfit^c

Nurse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nurse`
Description	The class of health professionals who provide various aspects of hands-on health care to patients. Nurses do not usually diagnose or decide on treatments, but they administer medicines and treatments, perform medical tests, give regular care to hospitalized patients, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nurse' in WordNet: 1. (2) nurse - (one skilled in caring for young children or the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician))`
Super-classes	Employee^c Prescriber^c Graduate^c NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value Nursing^c
Sub-classes	Midwife^c

Nursery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nursery

Description

A Bedroom intended primarily for a Baby or very young child, where the child sleeps.

         The greenhouse 'nursery' for plants is  represented as ''Greenhouse''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nursery' in WordNet:
         1. (2) nursery, baby's room - (a child's room for a baby)

Super-classes Bedroom^c

Nurseryman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nurseryman

Description

A ''Nurseryman'' is a professional (paid) ''Gardener'. The amateur is under the parent type ''Gardener'' See also ''Landscaper''.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'nurseryman' (excluding
       unpaid gardeners) and sense 2 of 'gardener' in WordNet:
         1. gardener, nurseryman - (someone who takes care of a garden)
       WN noun 'gardener':
         2. gardener - (someone employed to work in a garden)

Super-classes Employee^c
Gardener^c

Nursing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nursing

Description

The field and occupation of #$Nursing, encompassing all the skills and tasks that #$Nurses do at work.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nursing' in Wordnet:
           2. nursing - (the profession of a nurse)

Super-classes Medicine-Occupation^c

NursingAnInfant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NursingAnInfant`
Description	Each 'NursingAnInfant' is a ''FeedingAnInfant'' Event or series of Events in which some lactating woman breast-feeds a ''HumanInfant''. It is usually, but not always, performed by the infant's mother or a wet nurse. This does not include bottle-feeding - for that, use ''BottleFeedingAnInfant''. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 5 of 'nurse' (not including bottle-feeding) in Wordnet: 5. breastfeed, bottle-feed, suckle, suck, nurse, wet-nurse, lactate, give suck - (give suck to; 'The wetnurse suckled the infant'; 'You cannot nurse your baby in public in some places')`
Super-classes	FeedingAnInfant^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value Teat^c hasEndingPlace^op value HumanInfant^c isPerformedBy^op value Woman^c hadObjectMoved^op value HumanMothersMilk^c requiredBodypart^op value Breast^c hadThingTransferred^op value HumanMothersMilk^c

NursingEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NursingEvent

Description

An Event in which someone provides Nursing care to another person. The provider is not necessarily a licensed RN, but this represents someone working in a professional capacity, for some compensation.

    Cyc gas 'Nursing' as an Occupation, but not as an Event -
    these two differ in COSMO;
    even so the Cyc comment indicates 'tasks'.  Relation to Cyc is unclear.
    cyc (See 'Nursing'): The field and occupation of #$Nursing,
        encompassing all the skills and tasks that #$Nurses do at work.

Super-classes HealthCareEvent^c
ShowingSupportForSomething^c

NursingaPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NursingaPerson

Description

Each 'NursingaPerson' is an Event or series of Events in which some medical caregiver provides care to someone who is ill or injured. It is usually, but not always, performed by a 'Nurse'.

     Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'nurse' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) nurse - (try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness 
           or injury; 'He nursed his cold with Chinese herbs')
        3. nurse - (serve as a nurse; care for sick or handicapped people)

Super-classes MedicalCareEvent^c

Nurturing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nurturing`
Description	Any instance of Action, or repeated Actions, in which an agent assists some organism to grow and thrive. This will apply to cultivation of plants as well as bringing up children or non-human animals. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cultivate' in WordNet. See subtype ''Nourishing'' 1. (3) cultivate - (foster the growth of) There is no exact sense of 'nurture' in WN; sense 1 seems closest; senses 2 and 3 are subtypes. in WordNet: 1. (1) foster, nurture - (help develop, help grow; 'nurture his talents') 2. rear, raise, bring up, nurture, parent - (bring up; 'raise a family'; 'bring up children') 3. nourish, nurture, sustain - (provide with nourishment; 'We sustained ourselves on bread and water'; 'This kind of food is not nourishing for young children')
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c
Sub-classes	Nourishing^c RaisingAnimals^c Cultivation^c

Nut-TheDevice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nut-TheDevice

Description

A Fastener that is used together with a 'Screw-Connector' or bolt to hold objects together; this is for threaded nuts that mate with threaded screws or bolts.

      Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nut' in WordNet:
        3. (1) nut - (a small (usually square or hexagonal) metal block 
           with internal screw thread to be fitted onto a bolt)

Super-classes Fastener^c
ThreadedDevice^c
NonPoweredDevice^c

Nut-TheFruit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nut-TheFruit`
Description	A dry hard dry fruit which has an edible kernel and a shell on the outside. This type includes the shell. a 'shelled' kernel would be a part. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nut' in WordNet: 1. (2) nut - (usually large hard-shelled seed)`
Super-classes	Seed^c Fruit^c
Restrictions	hasSurfacePart^op value Shell^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c
Sub-classes	EdibleNut^c Acorn^c Pecan^c Walnut^c Peanut^c Almond^c

NutShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NutShell`
Description	is the outer shell (''SeedShell'') surrounding the ''Kernel'' of a nut. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutshell' in WordNet: 1. nutshell - (the shell around the kernel of a nut)`
Super-classes	FibrousObject^c SeedShell^c Shell^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c surrounds-3D^op value Nut-TheFruit^c
Sub-classes	PeanutShell^c WalnutShell^c

NutTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NutTree`
Description	Any tree producing edible nuts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nut tree' in Wordnet: 1. nut tree - (tree bearing edible nuts)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c FruitPlant^c Tree^c
Sub-classes	WalnutTree^c ChestnutTree^c AlmondTree^c

Nutcase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nutcase`
Description	A ''Nutcase'' is any person who is more than mildly eccentric, up to being stark raving mad. This is a general category for anyone behaving so erratically as to be considered 'crazy' by someone trying to make an objective evaluation. Of course, 'crazy' has a wide range of intensity. This is the broadest category. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutcase' and sense 5 of 'nut' in Wordnet: 1. crackpot, crank, nut, nut case, nutcase, fruitcake, screwball - (a whimsically eccentric person)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value ConsideredCrazy^c
Sub-classes	Looney^c

Nutmeg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nutmeg`
Description	The spice'nutmeg' NOTE: WordNet calls this a 'seed' but this type includes the seed and any powder or preparation consisting mostly of the substance of the seed or its contents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutmeg' in WordNet: 2. nutmeg - (hard aromatic seed of the nutmeg tree used as spice when grated or ground)
Super-classes	Spice^c

NutmegTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NutmegTree

Description

    
      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutmeg tree' and sense 1 of 'nutmeg'  in WordNet:
        1. nutmeg, nutmeg tree, Myristica fragrans - 
          (East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics 
          for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace)

Super-classes FruitTree^c
EvergreenPlant^c
MagnoliaOrder^c

Nutrient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nutrient`
Description	COSMO note: 'Nutrient' in COSMO has a broader meaning than the traditional meanings, and includes, in addition to substances that can be metabolized to provide energy or biological structures, vitamins and minerals that assist the metabolic process but are not themselves metabolized. This is a subtype of ''FoodOrDrink'' for things that actually help the body to grow and metabolize - not just water or diet beverages. Cyc: A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$Nutrient is a substance considered necessary or beneficial in the diet of a person or animal. If a food or a pill is sold in a package, often the nutrients in the food or pill are listed on the package label. Specializations of #$Nutrient include #$EdibleSodium, #$ProteinStuff, #$EdibleCalcium, #$EdibleIron, and #$Vitamin. SUMO: A BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an Organism. It is generally ingested as Food, and it is of primary interest because of its role in the biologic functioning of the Organism. Includes but is broader than sense 1 of 'nutrient', and includes oart of sense 1 of 'nourishment' in WordNet: 1. (1) food, nutrient - (any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue) WN noun 'nourishment': 1. (1) nutriment, nourishment, nutrition, sustenance, aliment, alimentation, victuals - (a source of materials to nourish the body)
Super-classes	BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c FoodOrDrink^c SubstanceRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nutritious^c enablesOrAssists^op value Nutrition^c
Sub-classes	EdibleFat^c MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c Micronutrient^c Food^c

Nutrition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nutrition`
Description	''Nutrition'' is the Grop of ''PhysiologicalProcess''es that are required to assimilate and use the energy and nutrient content of food intake sufficient to maintain health and avoid starvation or disease from inadequate nutrition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutrition' in WordNet: 1. nutrition - ((physiology) the organic process of nourishing or being nourished; the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Nutrient^c
Sub-classes	AdequateNutrition^c

NutritionScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NutritionScience`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nutrition' in WordNet: 3. nutrition - (the scientific study of food and drink (especially in humans))`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Nutritionist^c

Nutritional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nutritional

Description

''Nutritional'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Food with value in helping an organism grow and metabolize and act for survival.

      Commonly used in theterm 'nutritional value' to refer to thedegree to which
        the subject assists ''Nutrition''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nutritional' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) nutritional, nutritionary - (of or relating to or providing nutrition;
              'nutritional information')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Nutritionist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nutritionist`
Description	An ''Nutritionist'' is a Person who knws a lot about 'nutrition' and can give advice about what foods to eat under what circumstances.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutritionist' in WordNet: 1. dietician, dietitian, nutritionist - (a specialist in the study of nutrition)`
Super-classes	Specialist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value NutritionScience^c

Nutritious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nutritious`
Description	The AttributeValue ''Nutritious'' asserts that the subject thus characterized consists mostly of some ''FoodOrDrink'', which may be solid or liquid; i.e. this is something that can be ingested (eaten or drunk), and will not harm the body, and will provide some nutritional value or at least help maintain hydration (as for pure water). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nutritious' in WordNet: 1. alimentary, alimental, nourishing, nutrient, nutritious, nutritive - (of or providing nourishment; 'good nourishing stew')`
Super-classes	SubstanceAttributeValue^c Salubrious^c
Sub-classes	Satisfying^c

Nylon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nylon`
Description	WordNet sense 1: in WordNet: 1. nylon - (a thermoplastic polyamide; a family of strong resilient synthetic fibers)
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c Plastic^c

NylonStocking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NylonStocking`
Description	Not #$Pantyhose. Stockings made of nylon worn by adult females. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stocking' in WordNet: 1. (4) stocking - (close-fitting hosiery to cover the foot and leg; come in matched pairs (usually used in the plural))`
Super-classes	WomensHosiery^c Stocking^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Nylon^c

Oaf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oaf`
Description	An ''Oaf'' is a Person whose is both ''Clumsy'' and ''Stupid'', i.e. a ''Stupid'' ''ClumsyPerson''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oaf' in Wordnet: 1. lout, clod, stumblebum, goon, oaf, lubber, lummox, lump, gawk - (an awkward stupid person)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c ClumsyPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stupid^c

Oak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oak`
Description	The substance Oak,a type of ''Hardwood'', not a tree. For the tree, use ''OakTree''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oak' in Wordnet: 1. (3) oak - (the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring)`
Super-classes	Hardwood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value OakTree^c

OakTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OakTree`
Description	CYC: The collection of oak trees. An oak has alternate, simple, deciduous or evergreen leaves. The male flowers are borne in pendent yellow catkins, appearing with or after the leaves. The female flowers each has a husk of overlapping scales that enlarges to hold the fruit, or acorn. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oak tree' and sense 2 of 'oak' in WordNet: 1. oak, oak tree - (a deciduous tree of the genus Quercus; has acorns and lobed leaves; 'great oaks grow from little acorns')`
Super-classes	DeciduousTree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Oak^c
Sub-classes	CorkTree^c

Oar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oar`
Description	The large paddle used to push a boat or raft through the water by hand. An oar has a blade at exactly one end of the pole. `In CYC, 'Paddle' is the parent of ''Oar''; In COSMO the parent-subtype is the reverse of the CYC formalism. SUMO: A Device consisting of a flat, broad surface attached to a handle that is used as an instrument in Rowing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oar ' in Wordnet: 1. oar - (an implement used to propel or steer a boat)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c Device-UserPowered^c HandTool^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value PushingEvent^c hasPhysicalPart^op value StraightHandle^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Rowing^c hasPhysicalPart^op value OarBlade^c
Sub-classes	LongOar^c Paddle-Water^c

OarBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OarBlade`
Description	An ''OarBlade'' is the broad flat end of an ''Oar'' that is dipped into the water and is pushed against the water to propel a boat. `Corresponds to a subtype of sense 7 of 'blade' in RHW: a thin, flat part of something, as of an oar or a bone: shoulder blade Is a subtype of noun sense 9 of 'blade' in WordNet, but it doesn't rotate: in WordNet: 8. blade, vane - (flat surface that rotates and pushes against air or water)`
Super-classes	ToolBlade^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Oar^c

Oarlock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oarlock`
Description	A ''Oarlock'' is a ''Holder'' that is part of a Boat with Oars and hold an Oar in place to provide leverage for rowing. `Some Oarlocks have pins to keep the Oar from slipping through the Oarlock, but some do not (which makes Rowing more difficult). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oarlock' in WordNet: 1. peg, pin, thole, tholepin, rowlock, oarlock - (a holder attached to the gunwale of a boat that holds the oar in place and acts as a fulcrum for rowing)`
Super-classes	Holder^c SupportingObject^c Fulcrum^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Rowing^c isDesignedToHold^op value Oar^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Rowboat^c

Oasis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oasis`
Description	An ''Oasis'' is a ''Tract' of land that is fertile with multiple plants growing on it, located in a much larger Tract that is a Desert. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oasis' in WordNet: 1. oasis - (a fertile tract in a desert (where the water table approaches the surface))`
Super-classes	EcologicalArea^c Tract^c
Restrictions	isSurroundedHorizontallyBy^op value Desert^c hasCharacteristicObject^op min 100 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rich-Fertile^c hasFeature^op value BodyOfWater^c

OatPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OatPlant

Description

CYC: Individual oat plants.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oat' in WordNet:
         1. (1) oat - (annual grass of Europe and North Africa; 
         grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: 'oats'))

Super-classes CerealPlant^c
HerbPlant^c

Oath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oath`
Description	The text of a solemn commitment, either about the truth of some statement, or about a promise to do something. 'I swear it's true' or 'I swear to tell the truth'. This is not the action of taking an oath, but a Linguistic String whose content is an oath. `Corresponds approximately to noun senses 2 and 3 of 'oath' in WordNet: 2. (2) oath, swearing - (a commitment to tell the truth (especially in a court of law); to lie under oath is to become subject to prosecution for perjury) 3. oath - (a solemn promise, usually invoking a divine witness, regarding your future acts or behavior; 'they took an oath of allegiance')`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Solemn^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Consequential^c

Oatmeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oatmeal`
Description	CYC: The processed (e.g., rolled or cut) but uncooked grain of the oat, from which is made hot cereal, cookies, oatcakes, haggis, etc. A food ingredient. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'oatmeal' in WordNet: 2. oatmeal, rolled oats - (meal made from rolled or ground oats)`
Super-classes	CoarseMeal^c CerealFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value OatPlant^c

Obedience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obedience`
Description	Each 'Obedience' is instance of a Compliance in which an agent (human or non-human animal) performs an Action that is required or demanded by a human agent. Obeying a law is an act of 'Compliance', as is an animal performing some trick it was trained to do. This is not merely fulfilling a request - the demand must be one that carries some threat of punishment (or withholding of reward) for lack of compliance , and is one that the agent doing the act may not have done without the demand being macausede. `This sense 1 of 'obedience' and sense 1 of verb 'obey' in WordNet: WN 'obedience' 1. (3) obedience, obeisance - (the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person) WN 'obey': 1. (17) obey - (be obedient to)`
Super-classes	Compliance^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some Insisting^c

Obedient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obedient`
Description	'Obedient' is an attribute of a person who either in one instance or habitually obeys the demands of another person; the attribute of a person who performs an act of 'Obedience'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obedient' in WordNet: 1. (3) obedient - (dutifully complying with the commands or instructions of those in authority; 'an obedient soldier'; 'obedient children'; 'a little man obedient to his wife'; 'the obedient colonies...are heavily taxed; the refractory remain unburdened'- Edmund Burke)`
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c
Sub-classes	Dutiful^c

Obelisk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obelisk`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Obelisks, each being a tall and thin, pointed, fixed free-standing monumental structure, square or triangular in cross section, and tapering with height, surmounted by a more-tapering point. Originally an Egyptian monumental design. Many Egyptian #$Obelisks are made of single pieces of stone and are carved with hieroglyphics. A different kind occurs in Axum in Ethiopia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obelisk' in WordNet: 1. (1) obelisk - (a stone pillar having a rectangular cross section tapering towards a pyramidal top)`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c EgyptianArchitecturalStyle^c PointyEndedObject^c RigidColumn^c Monument^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Stone^c

Obese^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obese

Description

'Obese' is an AttributeValue that specifies that an animal (including people) has a conspicuously above average amount of fatty tissue, causing a very noticeably larger girth around the middle, and often also excess flesh elsewhere on the body. For people, this signifies even more weight than merely being 'Fat', which may be less conspicuous. It also predisposes to medical difficulties.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obese' and sense 1 of 'corpulent' in WordNet
       1. corpulent, obese, weighty, rotund - (excessively fat; 'a weighty man')

Super-classes Fat^c

Obesity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obesity`
Description	''Obesity'' is the ''BodyProperty'' of the ''Body'' of an ''Animal' that has a 'Fatness'' that is substantially higher than the recommended body weight. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obesity' in WordNet: 1. fleshiness, obesity, corpulency - (more than average fatness)`
Super-classes	Fatness^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Obese^c

Obfuscating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obfuscating`
Description	''Obfuscating'' is a ''Modification' of the Assertions about some ''Issue'' or Proposition so that the interpretation or significance of the Thing that is the topic of the Issue becomes less 'clear', i.e. more uncertain. This can apply to various Events that complicate or confuse ''Issue''s (things that need discussion or decision). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'obfuscate' in WordNet: 1. obfuscate - (make obscure or unclear) WN noun 'obfuscation': 2. mystification, obfuscation - (the activity of obscuring people's understanding, leaving them baffled or bewildered)`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Interpretation^c causes^op value StateOfUncertainty^c hasDirectObject^op value Issue^c

Obituary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obituary`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$InformationBearingObjects whose contents include public notices of the deaths of their subjects. An #$Obituary typically is accompanied by a biographical sketch of the person who has died. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obituary' in WordNet: 1. obituary, obit, necrology - (a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography)`
Super-classes	Announcement^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op value BiographicalSketch^c hasTopic^op value DeathOfaPerson^c

Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Object`
Description	Objects can be Physical or Abstract or Mental only PhysicalObjects have mass, and that is the defining characteristic of a PhysicalObject in COSMO. All Objects have at least one relation other than the type (isa) relation to some other entity that is not an Object. Almost all objects have an Attribute or AttributeValue. But the relation may be some other relation (e.g. to have a location, a composition, or to have proper parts). Thus a point can have Dimensionality (zero-dimensional), and will have a location, though the location may be in a poorly defined abstract space. For example, a character in an alphabet is an abstract object, which has at least one representation as a shaped physical object, and is an element of an Alphabet. This requirement for an Object to have some relation is not presently (v0.48) formalized in COSMO, as it is not needed for performance, only to clarify the meaning for the human users. 'Object' is a very primitive concept that cannot be defined, but can be comprehended only by the way this concept interacts with other concepts, and by its subclasses and instances. This Type is useful as an umbrella Type for various purposes,including relations on Events. NOTE that in COSMO an 'Object' is not necessarily 3D (as in an endurantist perspective) nor 4D (as in a perdurantist perspective. It can be use in syntactic constructions that appear to be 3D (such as when they are explicitly time-indexed), but when an object is also an instance of TimeSlice,it can be used in syntactic constructions that are typical of the 4D perspective, in which the time of a relation is not explicitly indexed. There is no WordNet synset that includes abstract objects, so the WordNet 'object' is identified only with 'PhysicalObject'. Subtype of BFO: 'Continuant' BFO: 'IndependentContinuant': Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. BFO: Examples: an organism, a heart, a leg, a person, a symphony orchestra, a chair, the bottom right portion of a human torso, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building.
Super-classes	Continuant^c ObjectOrEvent^c
Sub-classes	UsefulObject^c BorrowedObject^c SomethingGiven^c Configuration^c DepictedObject^c Holdings^c AddedObject^c Object3D^c Prize^c Donation^c PieceOfInformation^c GenericContainer^c Necessity^c FictionalObject^c CausalAgent^c OppositeThing^c MentalObject^c LongAndThinObject^c SacredObject^c Copy^c Correction^c Substitute^c ObjectPart^c GenericIntersection^c StatisticalSample^c BranchedObject^c ObjectWithAttribute^c AbstractObject^c PlanarObject^c Path-Generic^c DesiredObject^c ObjectFeature^c PhysicalObject^c QuantityOfSomething^c ComparativeFeature^c Gift^c Supply^c DivisionOfAnObject^c MoneyObject^c Object4D^c Duplicate^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniversityOfDublin http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfTheTreasury http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfTheUSA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shush http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfDefense http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HenryFordMuseum

Object-SupportingFurniture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Object-SupportingFurniture`
Description	A piece of furniture that is designed to support something.
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	supports^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Bookcase^c Desk^c Table-Furniture^c ChestOfDrawers^c BookRack^c DogBed^c Person-SupportingFurniture^c Wardrobe-Furniture^c DisplayCase^c FileCabinet^c

Object3D^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Object3D`
Description	An Object3D is an Object not extended in time, making it only three-dimensional. In COSMO assertions on what are instances of Object3D in a purely endurantist ontology are equivalent to assertions on the dimension-neutral 'Object'. See 'Object' and 'PhysicalObject' for further discussion. The type Object4D is disjoint from the type Object3D. An Object4D can have a TimeSlice, but an Object3D cannot. The preferred representation of PhysicalObjects uses the type PhysicalObject and its subtypes, which are subtypes of the more general Object, not of Object3D, Object4D and Object3D are included only to enable representation of explicitly perdurantist or endurantist ontologies.
Super-classes	Object^c
Sub-classes	ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c PhysicalObject^c BallLikeObject^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c ThreeDimensionalRegion^c

Object4D^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Object4D`
Description	An Object4D is an Object extended in time, making it effectively four-dimensional. This is the object that is used to represent physical objects in a Perdurantist ontology. See 'Object' and 'PhysicalObject' for further discussion. the type Object4D is disjoint from the type Object3D. An Object4D can have a TimeSlice, but an Object3D cannot. The preferred representation of PhysicalObjects uses the type PhysicalObject and its subtypes, which are subtypes of the more general Object, Object4D and Object3D are included only to enable representation of explicitly perdurantist or endurantist ontologies. `This type can be related to an ''Object'' by using the relation ''hadMainParticipant'' pointing to an Object (which does not have to be explicitly an Object3D). The inverse relation ''wasTheMainParticipantIn'' can point from the Object to its 4D avatar. The relation "isaTimeSliceOf" can relate a TimeSlice to any instance of this type.`
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value FourDimensional^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ByzantineEmpire http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Beethoven4D

ObjectCardinalityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectCardinalityValue`
Description	'ObjectCardinalityValue' is an AttributeValue that specifies the type and number of parts that a PhysicalObject or PhysicalObjectType has. This AttributeValue is used with the relation 'hasObjectCardinality' to specify the number of parts of a particular type that an Object has. `Each value is an instance of 'TwoArgumentValue', an AttributeValue that takes the place of two arguments in an inherently ternary relation. The two arguments are the part type, specified by 'hasObjectType' and the number of those parts, specified by 'hasQuantifier'.`
Super-classes	TwoArgumentValue^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some RealNumber^c hasObjectType^op some ObjectType^c
In range of	hasObjectCardinality^op

ObjectCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectCondition`
Description	For conditions of PhysicalObjects other than those specific to Organisms. `NOTE: need to specify that this does not apply to ''Organisms''. How? ''Inanimate''. But 'natural' world includes animate things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condition' in WordNet: 1. (455) condition, status - (a state at a particular time; 'a condition (or state) of disrepair'; 'the current status of the arms negotiations')`
Super-classes	SystemCondition^c PhysicalSituation^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Immunity^c StateOfIllumination^c MentalState^c Susceptibility^c Wetness^c SpiritualIllumination^c Tension^c

ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectConsistingOfSubstance`
Description	Eacj 'ObjectConsistingOfSubstance' is a PhysicalObject that is characterized, among other things, by the substance of which it consists.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	OrganicMaterialObject^c Stain^c PaperObject^c Tarnish^c LeatherObject^c DrugObject^c FibrousObject^c HomogeneousObject^c ResidueObject^c HairObject^c SampleOfSubstance^c SweetTastingObject^c FreshWaterObject^c PieceOfThread^c GaseousObject^c

ObjectDestructionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectDestructionEvent`
Description	Each ''ObjectDestructionEvent'' is an Event in which some object of significant size - from a piece of tableware (e.g. accidentally or in a fit of rage) to a large building - is destroyed, whether intentionally or not. This type of destruction may occur as minor vandalism, up to to destruction of structures by acts of war or terrorism or natural disaster such as an earthquake or tornado.
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c

ObjectFeature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectFeature`
Description	An ''ObjectFeature'' is an Object or Region within the ConvexHull of an Object. The Object may be abstract. `'features' that are attributes are represented by ''Characteristic''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'feature' (regarding Objects) in Wordnet: 1. (42) feature, characteristic - (a prominent aspect of something; 'the map showed roads and other features'; 'generosity is one of his best characteristics')`
Super-classes	Feature^c Object^c
Restrictions	overlapsOrTouches^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	PhysicalFeature^c

ObjectGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectGroup`
Description	A Group consisting exclusively of ''PhysicalObject''s. One may consider the collection of disjoint parts of a physical object as a Group, but in doing so one must ignore the relations among the objects, so the ObjectGroup consisting of the parts of a connected PhysicalObject is not identical to the whole object itself, which has relations among the parts as an indispensable part of the identity of the Object.. NOTE that one may assert that an ObjectGroup as a whole is a subtype of the owl:Class to which each of the objects belongs, or, using the 'hasComponentElement' relation, can specify a specific type for the component Objects of the ''ObjectGroup'' by specifying ''allValuesFrom'' that owl:Class, or for small Groups may just include the specific objects in the Group as a union with the ''someValuesFrom'' relation.. BFO NOTE: BFO has the notion of an 'ObjectAggregate' which is similar to an ''ObjectGroup''; but in BFO the requirements are more stringent than for COSMO 'ObjectGroup', in that BFO distinguishes a 'self-connected object' from an 'ObjectAggregate', whereas in COSMO an ''ObjectGroup'' can be self-connected and merely represented as a Group for purposes such as distinguishing parts. Nevertheless, this type is closest to the BFO 'ObjectAggregate' and is labeled with that BFO term. The BFO 'object' is approximately the same as COSMO ''"WholeObject'', which is intended to represent a self-connected Object, but is rarely used; in COSMO a ''RigidObject'' is one form of 'self-connected object', but an object can be 'self-connected' even when not rigid. Since BFO 'Object' is disjoint from 'fiat object part' and from ObjectAggregate, we might want to make an 'ObjectAggregate' as a subtype of ''ObjectGroup'' that includes some spacing between the component Objects. @ToDo: when needed?? In SUMO, this is called a 'Collection'. NO identical Cyc class seems to be defined. SUMO: Collections have members like Classes, but, unlike Classes, they have a position in space-time and members can be added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks of sheep.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c HomogeneousGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) partsHaveTypeInCommon^op value PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	CityObject^c FragmentGroup^c AssemblyOfMachineParts^c Luggage^c TwoProngs^c Tableware^c PhysicalSeries^c CountryObject^c Rigging^c SetOfSlides^c TrashItems^c StarSystem^c CrissCross^c Dots^c MobOfThings^c LotOfThings^c Corrugation^c FashionableClothing^c Continents^c GroupOfVessels^c ClothingOutfit^c Spawn^c Archipelago^c Memorabilia^c AllLegs^c Stuff^c DisplayedObjects^c Hardware^c ContainedObjects^c LivingThings^c Freckles^c MultipleCurves^c CellMembraneAndGenome^c Accumulation^c StatisticalSample^c BottleOfStuff^c ChopSticks^c FineParticles^c SetOfObjects^c MountainRange^c GroupOfFurs^c Load^c ComputerComponents^c PairOfAgents^c Ravelings^c Shrapnel^c BatchOfThings^c WallCoping^c ContainerAndContents^c Package^c Wreckage^c BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage^c Balustrade^c Bubbles^c Formation^c OverlappingParts^c GroupOfVines^c Seating^c ObjectTrio^c PadOfPaper^c LocalGroup^c Materials^c Galaxy^c GroupOfWings^c Beads^c Machinery^c GroupOfLifeForms^c Speckles^c Tangle^c LineOfObjects^c Dishes^c WeightSet^c StationeryProduct^c LightingEquipment^c CrosswordPuzzle^c Teeth^c BoardGame-EquipmentSet^c Contents^c AirPower^c GroupOfHorses^c Wardrobe^c BottleOfChampagne^c Spots^c PairOfObjects^c Collection^c Shipment^c Jetsam^c Foliage^c GroupOfFoodObjects^c Ratchet^c Baggage^c SetOfSpokes^c Corolla^c JigsawPuzzle^c Arrangement^c Documents^c TipToes^c Backgammon-EquipmentSet^c Planting^c FourFurnitureLegs^c Merchandise^c Flotsam^c GroupOfSequins^c PiecesOfMail^c TheTires^c DevelopedMuscles^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LaptopScreenAndMicrophone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InternetServers01 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsHomeTelephones http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerizonDomainServers

ObjectInUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectInUse`
Description	ObjectInUse is the class of single-user devices (PhysicalObjects of the class 'Device-SingleUser') that are (at the time of reference) being used by one agent and therefore cannot be used by any other agent until the first agent relinquishes possession. Use of instances of this type will require propositions that specify the time interval during which the entailed 'InUse' attribute is valid.
Super-classes	Device-SingleUser^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InUse^c

ObjectOfaSentence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectOfaSentence`
Description	A word or phrase that serves as the object of a particular sentence. This is a grammatical Role..
Super-classes	CaseRole^c NounPhrase^c

ObjectOfanAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectOfanAction`
Description	Each 'ObjectOfanAction' is categorized by having been a participant in some Action, by being 'acted on' in some way, which may or may not change the thing 'acted on'; this is not necessarily an Object, it can be of any type. (but to use the 'isaParticipantIn' Regions need to be excluded). Most objects in Actions will not need to be categorized in this way, but some such as 'FoundThing' are hard to classify otherwise.
Super-classes	Individual^c Role^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some (EventType^c or Event^c)
Sub-classes	FoundThing^c

ObjectOrEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectOrEvent`
Super-classes	Individual^c
Sub-classes	Object^c Event^c

ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute`
Description	An umbrella category to collect AttributeValues that pertain to Objects or Substances.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	WetnessAttribute^c Insoluble^c Cohesive^c PhysicalObjectAttributeValue^c Light-NotHeavy^c

ObjectPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectPart`
Description	''ObjectPart'' is a 'proper part' of some Object, abstract or physical. Using this sense implies that there are other parts to which any assertions do not necessarily apply. This 'part' can be any arbitrary part, distinguished from other parts by any criterion. `This sense is a 'proper part' of some Object, whether abstract or physical. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'part' in WordNet: 1. (733) part, portion, component part, component - (something determined in relation to something that includes it; 'he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself'; 'I read a portion of the manuscript'; 'the smaller component is hard to reach')`
Super-classes	Part^c Object^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c HeadOfAnObject^c

ObjectTrio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectTrio`
Description	A ''ObjectTrio'' is a ''Trio'' each element of which is an PhysicalObject. The ObjectTrio itself also qualifies as an Object..
Super-classes	Trio^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ThreeSupportingWheels^c

ObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectType`
Description	ObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on Object types. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	ObligationType^c MusicType^c LanguageType^c AwardType^c PatternType^c DocumentType^c CountryType^c OutlawedObjectType^c AgentType^c GroupType^c SymbolType^c PhysicalObjectType^c MoleculeType^c InventionType^c AgreementType^c TopicType^c AssetType^c RollType^c AbstractObjectType^c InformationType^c FacialExpressionType^c AccountType^c TextType^c
In range of	depictsObjectType^op hasComponentObjectType^op hasUnitObject^op
Members	EquiangularPolygon Thought GiftOfLand DiskGeometrical ProgrammingLanguage Phantom Threat Inkling WarningText Cone Undulation CorrectSpelling Grievance Exporter Falsehood Misinformation ScrewShapedObject LegalAllegation GenericPhotograph PerpendicularLine Illustration Furrow ContractElement TinyBubble Injunction Puzzle-Generic Activism Consideration PerceivedGlare ConvexObject TheArtOfMusic Consonant Acclaim ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure PaymentRequestContent VerifiedFact Intellect Shrug WrittenTest Bibliography Conceptualization RuleForBehavior RatingScale Warning MinorComplaint Primer-Physical AgreeingAgents MusicalChordSymbol ContourLine SignLanguageGesture PetitionDocument LawText Underestimate BottlePortal Multigraph Bulls-Eye LawLicense Fiction-DerivedWorks ComplimentText FormerResidence SymbolicMeaning VerbalImage RequestContent Parallelogram Caveat Revenue Semicircle AcademyAward Sphere StolenProperty Laceration Aid Wrinkle Myth Antonym Fashion RuleMakingRight Album Humor WordPicture AbstractBroadcast LotsOfInformation Groove Evaluation Scripture ThingAbsent Rhomboid Jurisdiction-Authority Reimbursement Gift Distinction SnakeDevice Approval PieceOfInformation UnclearAssertion WritingSymbol DeductibleExpenditure HighTechnology GrammaticalConstituent Object Biography Monarchy GenericContainer GenericAgent Premises BalladSong Ellipse Rectangle ScratchOnAnObject Ditch PensionPayment Asymptote-BoundedAbove PhysicalEvidence DigitalPhotograph Bubbles Compensation Petition Handbook Datum Supply ReligiousRelic SquarishRectangle MusicRecord DayDream Loss Incision NationalAnthem InspectionResult TemperatureMeasurementResult OverlappingParts Devil Deceit Birthmark Exaggeration Polygon EarthPole Song Detail RhetoricalPhrase Ordinance Curve Hint Koran Pun OnlineEncyclopedia PhysicalPower Gospel Excuse DocumentaryMovie SpadeShape Notion Subsidy WomensRights Spreadsheet LivingWage HeadsUp HandShape MastersDegree Fund OwnedMoney Profit Imperialism Erudition ArgumentPro 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GroupOfOrganizations PlagiarisedText Booty Nuance PublicIssue Regulation BalladPoem Publisher ConcentrationMeasurementResult Panegyric Expectation Spam AlphabeticalCharacter BorrowedObject ObjectFeature LicenseToPractice PaymentAmount TongueTwister Pixel PerceivedImage OrderedPair Skyline Fireside Indictment Calculus Allowance Angle GermOfAnIdea Logo BroadcastChannel GeometricalPoint Annuity AmbiguousExpression Brand Phoneme ForeignPlace InvitationToAnEvent Curfew Map DisrespectfulComment Scuff Keynote NonceWord Afterthought DirectedGraph FlowPath Superpower Rhombus Traversal Prism Necessity Grant MoneyDeposit BachelorOfScienceDegree Mantra TaxDeductible QuantityOfSomething Export Eulogy Trench GeometricFigure CommunicationsChannel AlcoholicThing Antigravity Approximation Dragon Concept OldTestament Vowel Facebook Song-MusicGenre FictionalObject Word AqueousThing ZipCode Decree HonorAward Admission PerjuredTestimony Gravamen LawTitle Hymn Jurisprudence Justification Junction Memoir ComparativeFeature Credential BookOfTheBible ReferenceWork PatternOfPoints Yearbook ArchitecturalPlan Hallucination Semi-DirectedPathSystem PublishedEdition-PIT NumericalCharacter GasBubble ManualBook Enclave Disincentive Vindication JudicialOrder LineIntersection RansomMoney TextBook-Abstract Topology ConceptLinkage StraightLine ComputationalObject CrossSection Network Mathematics Burrowing SubConscious Statement Impeachment Diary-Physical NeighboringObject NobelPrize Postmodernism QuantityOfMoney Guarantee ImportQuota Hemisphere NewTestament GenericImage GreetingPhrase Dot-Abstract Symbolization Trivia OrganismAperture StandardDeviation RectangularParallelepiped Gesture ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement Slogan Cablegram Capital Thanks Iamb PostulatedScenario Information-Content AttributeComparison Rebate PhDDegree Outline Goddess AddedObject CloseUp Array MentalIllusion ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical ForceVector Confession WGS84Pole Entitlement Crack MentalObject Income Screenplay FunctionalSystem Phrase MoneyObject Flaw Trademark IntendedMeaning FarewellPhrase LightPath Summary UnconsciousMind Objection Abridgment OppositeSideOfSomething Ghost EducationalDegree Oblong HeadOfAnObject Autobiography RubricRule InsightfulAssertion RaveReview Fact FinancialAsset Circle LinguisticObject SportsRule Announcement Quotation ByProduct AuditoryCommunication GroupOfLines WrittenWork RomanceMovie CurseWord Connotation Criticism Subscription PlanetaryPole RememberedThing LongAndThinObject ForeignCountry ComputerNetwork Empire SacredObject HumanLanguage GreatCircle DeadOrganism Country StraightPath Proverb Copy Bible StraightObject Pretext Tangle MoreThanaBillionDollars ArtificialLanguage Notice Demographics Caricature Kingdom LongOblong WebLog BottleOrJarPortal InterestPayment EditorialColumn PrayerText NewResidence Substitute Instructions IntroductionToDocument Concavity ThingPresent Home FarewellGesture Franchise LinearlyOrderedAtomicGroup Imperative Remuneration ObjectPart MusicalTheme DoctoralDegree Complement PropositionGroup AsianCountry GenericIntersection Gendarmerie GeographicMap SelfDescription Decagon IntroductoryText Constriction TradeBook Colony TrackOnGround Overestimate Duplicate CelestialOrbit Contract MathematicalObject TrustAccount Circular-Physical VisualWork Sales Overhead Science Overview Lie Expectancy Pledge Alien Allusion Arithmetic NewsItem Selfie NonLinearEquation DomainOfKnowledge EconomicAssistance WebPage-AIS BallLikeObject Date Rights Axis StylePreference Right Spheroid PeriodicPayment Rhetoric Dysphemism Octagon TwoDimensionalGeometricThing QuotaLimit BestSeller SpaceLine Gist AllCourseGrades Engineering Determinant Coil BachelorOfArtsDegree IrishFolklore Fallacy VisualArtifact-CW MedicalExpenses DecimalCharacter CommercialUseLicense Resolution DataPacket Pretence Horizon Familiarity Telegram PolicyProposal Rent NaturalScience BranchedObject OrbitalPath ConvexHull Belongings PictureBook Triangle Data LinguisticDesignator Graben Technicality ComplexQuantifier RailroadJunction PartyGift Poetry Denotation Graphics Education Expenses Clearance Boast Contumely Invitation TopicOfInterest RiftValley CascadeOfEvents Vision RowOfButtons AgendaItem BachelorOfBusinessAdministrationDegree ActorsLine IntuitiveThought BuildingBlock Pentagon Publicity MiddleOfaRegion Cue InsuranceContent SomethingGiven PrepositionalPhrase Refund Schema Quadrilateral Pyramid TransferredProperty GroupOfQuestions SocialWelfare Expenditure Scrape Sonogram Cube Consonant-Alphabetical Interchange CommonLaw PlanarObject Visualization Movie DiamondShape SimpleMindedAssertion Trigonometry FringeBenefit PostalCode DesignForaDevice LineOfVerse IdiomaticExpression Helix WordSense Swastika FocalPoint Terrorism Submission TheArtOfPainting DesiredObject MentalStillImage AdventureMovie Vituperation NuclearGeneratedElectricity PersonalPossession Obituary InsuranceDeductible

ObjectWithAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectWithAttribute`
Description	ObjectWithAttribute is a container category to collect all Types of Objects (mostly PhysicalObjects) that are defined by some distinctive attribute, such as 'Collectible' (taken from the openCyc). `See also 'ThingWithAttribute'.`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c Object^c
Sub-classes	FlatObject^c HollowObject^c SolidObject^c Whopper^c PointyEndedObject^c ElasticObject^c ShinyObject^c LayeredObject^c TransparentObject^c ConvexObject^c StraightObject^c AbandonedObject^c FlexibleObject^c FibrousObject^c LargeObject^c ConcaveObject^c FoldableObject^c CrushedObject^c UnderlyingObject^c Collectible^c

Objecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Objecting`
Description	A specialization of #$CommunicationAct-Single. In each instance of #$Objecting-CommunicationAct, some #$Agent-Generic objects to something. An objection may be communicated to the agent(s) that the objector believes responsible for the objectionable state of affairs, or it may be raised with a third party or parties. For the sense of 'objecting' that represents the Feeling of diapproval, use 'Disapproval'; for mere expression of Disapproval that is not an Objection, use the parent of this type 'ExpressingDisapproval'. Includes verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'object', and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'objection' in WordNet; NOTE that sense 2 appears to incvlude 'dislike' as well as the verbal expression of disapproval represented by sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (19) object - (express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent; 'She never objected to the amount of work her boss charged her with'; 'When asked to drive the truck, she objected that she did not have a driver's license') 2. object - (be averse to or express disapproval of; 'My wife objects to modern furniture') WN noun 'objection': 1. (10) expostulation, remonstrance, remonstration, objection - (the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest) 2. (3) objection - (the speech act of objecting)
Super-classes	ExpressingDisapproval^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Objection^c
Sub-classes	ChallengingaDecision^c ComplainingAboutSomething^c

Objection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Objection`
Description	COSMO note: An Objection is a LinguisticAssertion (a subtype of AbstractString), which is the product of a Communication from one Agent to another in which the topic is the disagreement or dissatisfaction of the first agent with something. `There appears to be no Wordnet synset representing this abstract Object.`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some Objecting^c
Sub-classes	Complaint^c MinorComplaint^c

Objective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Objective

Description

''Objective'' is an EvaluativeAttribute for a MentalObject particularly Opinons or Beliefs or Comclusions, that the judgment of an IntelligentAgent regarding that entity is based on criteria that do not depend on ''Subjective'' influences such as emotion or bias, but instead on reproducible observable facts.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'objective' in WordNet:
       1. (9) objective, nonsubjective - (undistorted by emotion or personal bias;
       based on observable phenomena; 'an objective appraisal'; 'objective evidence')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c
Unbiased^c

ObjectiveCriteria^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectiveCriteria`
Description	A ''ObjectiveCriteria'' is a Group of ''StandardProcedure''s that are provably 'objective in not depending on 'subjective' judgments. ''ObjectiveCriteria'' are ''StandardProcedure'' that are accepted by some community of practitioneers in some field as being the most reliable criteria and methods to use to established the truth in that field.
Super-classes	StandardSpec^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Objective^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HighlyRespected^c hasComponentElement^op some StandardProcedure^c
Sub-classes	ScientificMethod^c

Objectively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Objectively

Description

''Objectively'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifes assertions to expresses the evaluation that the Action characterized occurs in an ''Objective'' manner, i.e. it is unbiased and based on facts and reasoning, not on feelings or beliefs.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'objectively' in Wordnet:
           1. objectively - (with objectivity; 'we must look at the facts objectively')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Objectivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Objectivity`
Description	''Objectivity'' is a type of 'GoodJudgment' in consciously avoiding subjectivity and bias when making responsible decisions, though not when engaged in recreation or relaxation. This uses ''Analytical'' rather than intuitive thinking in making decisions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'objectivity' in WordNet: 1. (2) objectivity, objectiveness - (judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices)`
Super-classes	GoodJudgment^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Objective^c contrastsWith^op value Subjectivity^c

Obligated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obligated`
Description	''Obligated'' is the attribute of a Person who has an ''Obligation''; the nature of the ''Obligation'' can be specified by creating an instance of ''Obligation''and using the ''isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving'' link. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obliged' in WordNet: 1. duty-bound, obliged - (under a moral obligation to do something) WN adj'obligated': 1. (2) obligated - (caused by law or conscience to follow a certain course; 'felt obligated to repay the kindness'; 'was obligated to pay off the student loan') WN adj 'nonexempt': 2. nonexempt - ((of persons) not exempt from an obligation or liability)`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	LegallyRequired^c Accountable^c Indebted^c WideEyed^c

Obligation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obligation`
Description	A MentalObject that refers to some NecessaryFutureSituation that the Agent having the Obligation may cause to happen or may refrain from doing; if the Agent does not perform an Action to cause the FutureSituation to occur, then some negative consequence is likely to be incurred for failure to perform the Obligation. The type of negative consequence (legal punishment, social condemnation, eternal damnation, pangs of conscience, being grounded by one's parents) will be characteristic of different types of Obligation. @ToDo: As of rev987, formal specification of this negative consequence is reflected only by 'failureHasConsequence'restriction, but no direct relation to 'Punishing' is specified. See also discussion below on Cyc #$necessaryForAvoidance and #$sufficientForAvoidance. ##See also discussion including comments from Doug Foxvog under ''Ordering''. NOTE that an 'Obligation' is represented as a subtype of, among other things, 'LinearlyOrderedGroup', and the various aspects of an Obligation related by relations 'wasAssignedByAuthority' or 'failureHasConsequence' could be represented as elements of that 'LinearlyOrderedGroup', with the relations being subproperties of 'hasFirstElement', 'hasSecondElement', etc. This representation would emphasize the primitive components of the conceptual structure. But as of rev1003 relating an 'Obligation' more specifically to its Group nature has not been done. This sense of 'Obligation' (synonym: Duty) is expressed by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: > The primary rights and duties with which jurisprudence busies itself > again are nothing but prophecies... a legal duty so called is nothing > but a prediction that if a man does or omits certain things he will be > made to suffer in this or that way by judgment of the court. NOTE: See 'Punishing' for an Action that might be due to a violation of a Rule. Each Obligation is assigned by some Authority, which could be a person's own conscience (reflecting learned social mores), or the mores of the community. In the case of a Debt, the Authority may be the person owing the debt and the person to whom the debt is owed, if the debt arises from some agreement or transaction. The NecessaryFutureSituation has the AttributeValue of 'Necessary', meaning that it is required to happen in order for the agent to fulfill the Obligation. An Obligation may be created in an ObligationCreatingEvent (which see). NOTE that an Obligation usually (but not always) 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' with object 'FeelingOfCompulsion'; someone with an Obligation usually has some degree of mental pressure to perform the obligatory action or inaction. The existence of negative consequences for failure to perform an Obligation distinguishes it from the more general 'RulesForConduct' which prescribe how some action should be performed, but do not necessarily impose penalties for failure to conform. The notion of an 'Obligation' is also represented in COSMO by the relation 'hasObligation' - that relation can be used to express linguistic phrases such as 'he must ...'; 'he ought to ...' 'You have an obligation to ...'. That relation takes 'Obligation' as its range. The notion of 'Obligation' is too primitive to be easily described by simple relations. In essense, an 'obligation' is a relation of an Agent to an Event that is derived from a belief about what kind of behavior is best in a situation. The exact formalization of this notion is still incomplete as of 0.49. See also 'ResponsibilitySituation' for a closely related concept. Linguistically an Obligation is expressed in several ways: 'Tom has an obligation to do X' 'Tom is obliged to do X' 'Tom has a duty to do X' 'Doing X is Tom's (obligation/duty).' 'Tom ought to do X' 'Tom must do X' 'Tom should do X' 'Tom is responsible for doing X' Similar phrases may be used to express an action that is not an Obligation, but is a prerequisite for some desired situation: 'In order to get into college, Tom must get good grades.' The linguistic analyzer must recognize the discourse relations that distinguish obligations from prerequisites. The type 'Obligation' in COSMO represents only true Obligations. Each instance of Obligation will represent an Action that the agent with the Obligation is obliged to perform or refrain from. When expressed linguistically, that action will be prefaced by the word 'to', e.g. 'to drive no faster than 60 miles per hour'. Cyc: A collection of microtheories; a subcollection of #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory. Each instance of the collection #$Obligation is a microtheory which contains assertions describing what some agent (the #$obligatedAgents) is obliged to do, or make true, for one or more other agents, possibly including society in general. An obligation is the most general case of some agent owing something to another. Obligations may be undertaken in conjunction with various kinds of #$Agreements. Unlike an agreement, however, an obligation need not have a second known party (though some do). An obligation can exist and be understood without identifying another particular agent as the 'holder' of the obligation - and that may be true, even if the beneficiary (#$obligationOwedTo) can be identified. For example, assuming that parents have an obligation to care for their children, it is not clear with whom a parent has 'agreed' to take care of his or her child. Some common ways to incur an obligation are through social transactions (e.g. family duties, friendship, favors) or through financial transactions (e.g. a #$PaymentObligation). In addition, obligations may be imposed on those who are subject to one or more instances of #$CodeOfConduct, e.g. #$SportsRulesOf-BoxingSportsEvent or #$OfficeCodeOfConductMt. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * NOTE: that every Obligation entails that there will be some negative consequence of the Obligation is not fulfilled. At rev987, added restriction 'failureHasConsequence' to express the link to such negative consequences. In Cyc, such links are apparently handled at the superclass level: (from a discussion on Ontolog Forum, May 1-5 2012): On Wed, May 2, 2012 16:26, Patrick Cassidy wrote: > Doug - > The Cyc representation of 'Order' (command) as you present it makes > sense, particularly regarding the point that an Order creates an > Obligation only if the Ordering agent has authority to create an > Obligation. > But I am curious about one facet of 'Obligation' - > As I have interpreted it, nothing is an 'obligation' unless there > is some negative consequence for not fulfilling the obligation - which > also implies some Authority that can create the Obligation and enforce > it. But I don't see any negative consequences in the list of aspects > of Obligation that you list. Are there any in the Cyc representation? [Doug Foxvog] Such consequences are defined at the level or the superclass, NormativeSpecification. A specification defines what happens in what cases. The binary predicates #$necessaryForAvoidance and #$sufficientForAvoidance specify what one types of event are necessary in order that an event of a second type will not occur. These predicates are used to specify punishments for crimes, and would be used to specify negative consequences for violating obligations in general. They basically state that (in the context in which they are stated) that it is necessary (sufficient) for agents to follow one specification (e.g., a command) in order that another specification (e.g., a punishment) not be instantiated. - doug foxvog * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cyc NOTE: 'necessaryForAvoidance' is not in the OpenCyc ontology Has some similarity to FIBO 'duty': fibo-fnd-law-lcap;Duty subClassOf fibo-fnd-law-lcap;LegalConstruct skos:definition: Some obligation which exists and is imposed on some individual. skos-editorialNote: This can also be thought of as an obligation - not in the sense in which an obligation and a right are the converse aspects of one another, but in and of itself, independent of the perspective from which it is considered. Examples include statutory obligations, reporting obligations and so on. Corresponds to senses 2 and 3 and part of sense 1 of 'obligation' and sense 2 of 'duty' in WordNet. NOTE that sense 2 is a state, and linguistically would be expressed by a phrase like 'under an obligation', rather than the word 'obligation' itself. Sense 3 should be a subtype,but is not yet represented. in WordNet: 1. (14) duty, responsibility, obligation - (the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; 'we must instill a sense of duty in our children'; 'every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty'- John D.Rockefeller Jr) 2. obligation - (the state of being obligated to do or pay something; 'he is under an obligation to finish the job') 3. obligation, indebtedness - (a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor) @mod1447 presenceCauses (change)
Super-classes	Specification^c NeedMicrotheory^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c MentalObject^c RulesForConduct^c
Restrictions	failureHasConsequence^op some (ObligedAction^c or ActionType^c or SituationProcessEventOrState^c or Liability^c or EventType^c) presenceCauses^op value FeelingOfCompulsion^c isAnObligationOf^op some IntelligentAgent^c refersToExternalEntity^op some NecessaryFutureSituation^c obligesActionType^op some (ObligedAction^c or ActionType^c or SituationProcessEventOrState^c or Liability^c or EventType^c) wasAssignedByAuthority^op some Authority^c
Sub-classes	Assignment^c LegalConstruct^c ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement^c MonetaryDebt^c MoralPrinciple^c Debt^c ObligationToAdhereToTerms^c LegalObligation^c
In domain of	isAnObligationOf^op
In range of	hasObligation^op

ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement`
Description	ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement is a subtype of 'obligation' created by an Agreement. This 'obligation' can be very weak, with minimal consequences for failure to perform - perhaps no more than a small reduction in another person's view of one's reliability if one fails, e.g. to show up for an appointment on time `NOTE that a Group of AgreeingAgents that create an Agreement may have some enforceable influence that can be the 'Authority' for the Obligations arising from that Agreement.`
Super-classes	Obligation^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some AgreeingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Commitment^c ObligationToPayaFee^c

ObligationCreatingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObligationCreatingEvent`
Description	NOTE that an ''ObligationCreatingEvent'' need not be creating a rule by an ''Authority'' - that is the subtype ''MakingaRue''. this can be for example, having a child which obiges one to care for the child, or causing damage which obliges one to compensate for the damage.. CYC: A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence and #$CreationEvent. Each instance of #$ObligationCreatingEvent is an event in which some #$Obligation is created. After an #$ObligationCreatingEvent, some #$SocialBeing has an #$Obligation that he didn't have before. Two notable specializations are #$MakingAnAgreement and #$MakingAPromise. COSMO note: An ObligationCreatingEvent produces and Oblgation. We specify that it may produce an Obligation or an Agreement, because each Agreement contains within it an Obligation (or two); but that can't be specified in OWL directly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oblige' in WordNet: 1. (14) compel, oblige, obligate - (force or compel somebody to do something; 'We compel all students to fill out this form') WN verb 'compel' 1. (21) compel, oblige, obligate - (force or compel somebody to do something; 'We compel all students to fill out this form') 2. (5) command, require, compel - (make someone do something)
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Creation^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (ObligationType^c or Obligation^c)
Sub-classes	MakingAnAgreement^c AssigningaResponsibility^c IncurringaFee^c AssigningaRule^c Compelling^c MakingAPromise^c GuaranteeingSomething^c IncurringaDebt^c UsingaTollRoad^c Taxation^c Lending^c Borrowing^c ImposingaRule^c Guaranteeing^c

ObligationGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObligationGroup`
Description	A Group of 'Obligation's, used mostly to represent the details of a BindingAgreement or Contract, but may also represent the duties of a position, as in a 'job description'.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Obligation^c
In range of	hasAssocatedObligations^op

ObligationToAdhereToTerms^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObligationToAdhereToTerms`
Description	A ''ObligationToAdhereToTerms'' is an Obligation produced by an ''Agreement''. This is not necessarily a legally binding agreement, it includes informal agreements where the obligation is just 'to keep a promise' with potentially no negative consequences for failure to perform as promised. An example is ''MakingAnAppointment''. `No single word for weak obligation??`
Super-classes	Obligation^c UndesirableThing^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value Agreement^c

ObligationToPayaFee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObligationToPayaFee`
Description	An ''ObligationToPayaFee'' is an Obligation that is in effect a ''MonetaryDebt'', incurred by acceoting something for which a ''Fee'' (including a Tax) is charged..
Super-classes	MonetaryDebt^c ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op value PayingaFee^c obligesActionType^op value PayingaFee^c

ObligationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObligationType`
Description	''AwardType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Obligation'
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	ObligationToAdhereToTerms Obligation MoralPrinciple Debt Guarantee

Obligatory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obligatory`
Description	''Obliged'' is the attribute of an ''ObligedAction'', an Action that is or would be the execution (fulfillment) of an ''Obligation'', made ''Necessary'' to fulfill the Obligation.. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'obligatory' in Wordnet: 1. obligatory - (morally or legally constraining or binding; 'attendance is obligatory'; 'an obligatory contribution') 2. obligatory - (required by obligation or compulsion or convention; 'he made all the obligatory apologies')`
Super-classes	Necessary^c
Sub-classes	IncumbentOn^c

Obliged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obliged`
Description	''Obliged'' is the attribute of a LegalAgent who has an ''Obligation'' to do something. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obliged' in Wordnet: 1. duty-bound, obliged - (under a moral obligation to do something)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Coerced^c

ObligedAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObligedAction`
Description	''ObligedAction'' is an ''Action'', that is or would be the execution (fulfillment) of an ''Obligation''. This is a ''FutureSituation'', as it is something that should be done but has not yet been done. `The term 'obligation is used to refer to actions that are required ('obliged') by some duty, but that sense of 'obligation' is not in Wordnet. This type corresponds to sense 2 of 'obligation' in RHW: 2. something that is done or is to be done for such reasons: to fulfill one's obligations.`
Super-classes	Action^c FutureSituation^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some Obligation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Obligatory^c
Sub-classes	Imperative^c

Oblique^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oblique

Description

''Oblique'' is a variant of ''AcuteAngled'' applying to shapes and also to Actions whose directions or path for an Acute angle.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oblique' in Wordnet:
            1. (2) oblique - (slanting or inclined in direction or course or position -
                neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled; 'the oblique rays of the winter sun';
                'acute and obtuse angles are oblique angles'; 
                'the axis of an oblique cone is not perpendicular to its base')

Super-classes AcuteAngled^c

ObliteratingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObliteratingAnObject`
Description	''ObliteratingAnObject'' is a ''PhysicalDestructionEvent'' that completely destroys some PhysicalObject to the extent that it is no longer recognizable as the intact object. Some traces ay be left; bombing some block of a town so as to reduce it to a pile of rubble is included. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'obliterate' in WordNet: 4. obliterate - (do away with completely, without leaving a trace)`
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadDamagedObject^op value PhysicalObject^c

Oblivion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oblivion`
Description	''Oblivion'' is a ''PersistentState'' in which the main agent is either 'Neglected'' or ''Forgotten''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oblivion' in WordNet: 1. (1) oblivion, limbo - (the state of being disregarded or forgotten)`
Super-classes	Obscurity^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Fame^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Neglected^c

Oblivious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oblivious

Description

''Oblivious'' is an intensive subtype of ''Unknowing'' in which an ''IntentionalAgent'' does not at all have in mind some significant factor while performing some Action. The Agent can have the relevant knowledge in stored memory, but is forgetting it at the time it is relevant; or the Agent may be completely unaware of the relevant fact(s), or just doesn't care enough to take it into consideration..

      NOTE: WN senses 1 and 2 have some differences, but appear to overlap.  If some logical 
         difference can be identified, these may be differentiated. Perhaps the 
         main overlap is in 'forgetful'- the difference is between forgetting in one situation
         and generally forgetful of many things as a trait.


       'Oblivious to' is usually used for unaware of consequences, while
       'oblivious of' is used for unaware of some factor affecting the consequences or 
           efficacy of an Action.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'oblivious' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) oblivious, unmindful - ((followed by 'to' or 'of') lacking conscious awareness of;
              'oblivious of the mounting pressures for political reform';
              'oblivious to the risks she ran'; 'not unmindful of the heavy responsibility')
         2. forgetful, oblivious - (failing to keep in mind; 'forgetful of her responsibilities'; 
               'oblivious old age')

Super-classes Unknowing^c

Obliviousness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obliviousness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obliviousness' in WordNet: 1. obliviousness, oblivion - (total forgetfulness; 'he sought the great oblivion of sleep')`
Super-classes	Unawareness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Oblivious^c

Oblong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oblong`
Description	A ''Rectangle'' with two of the four sides longer than the other two. `Corresponds to part (rectangle) of noun sense 1 of 'oblong' in Wordnet: 1. oblong - (a plane figure that deviates from a square or circle due to elongation)`
Super-classes	Rectangle^c
Sub-classes	LongOblong^c

Obnoxious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obnoxious

Description

More than a little ''Annoying'', perhaps offensive.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obnoxious' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) objectionable, obnoxious - (causing disapproval or protest; 
          'a vulgar and objectionable person')

Super-classes Annoying^c

Oboe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oboe

Description

small double-reed instrument.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oboe' in WordNet:
        1. oboe, hautboy, hautbois - 
           (a slender double-reed instrument; a woodwind with a conical bore and a double-reed mouthpiece)

Super-classes DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument^c

Obscene^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obscene`
Description	The attribute of an Action or Linguistic Object that causes Offendedness, or of a Person who performs such an action. This has nothing to do with competition or war. `NOTE: an Action with this attribute is one that can cause 'Offendedness'. Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'obscene' in WordNet: 3. lewd, obscene, raunchy, salacious - (suggestive of or tending to moral looseness; 'lewd whisperings of a dirty old man'; 'an indecent gesture'; 'obscene telephone calls'; 'salacious limericks')`
Super-classes	Inelegant^c Offensive^c
Sub-classes	Smutty^c

Obscenity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obscenity`
Description	An instance of ''Obscenity'' is a word or phrase that contains words considered as ''Obscene''. `Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech - inelegant: impolite, offensive? Profanity - Profane - Profaneness Cursing - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obscenity' in WordNet: 2. obscenity, smut, vulgarism, filth, dirty word - (an offensive or indecent word or phrase)`
Super-classes	InelegantSpeech^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c

Obscureness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obscureness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'obscureness' in WordNet: 3. obscureness, obscurity, abstruseness, reconditeness - (the quality of being unclear or abstruse and hard to understand)`
Super-classes	Incomprehensibility^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Incomprehensible^c

Obscurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obscurity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obscurity' in WordNet: 2. (2) obscurity - (an obscure and unimportant standing; not well known; 'he worked in obscurity for many years')`
Super-classes	Standing^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Primacy^c isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Unknown^c contrastsWith^op value Fame^c
Sub-classes	Oblivion^c

ObservableThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObservableThing`
Description	An 'ObservableThing' is a PhysicalObject or Event that is 'Detectable', i.e. can be observed by something (agent, machine,instrument) that creates some form of internal representation of the thing observed, even though that representation may be transient and constantly changing (as in a simple thermostat, in which the state of the device represents the temperature of the spatial region being observed. Here the 'ObservableThing' is the matter whose temperature is being detected.)
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	existsInContext^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c hasAttributeValue^op value Detectable^c
Sub-classes	MedicalSymptom^c Phenomenon^c

Observant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Observant`
Description	This is often used to characterize people who observe religious rules and rituals. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'observant' in Wordnet: 3. law-abiding, observant - ((of individuals) adhering strictly to laws and rules and customs; 'law-abiding citizens'; 'observant of the speed limit')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ReligiouslyObservant^c

ObservantJew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObservantJew`
Description	An ''ObservantJew'' is a ''JewishPerson'' who willingly participates to some extent in some of the rituals of Judaism. `(Jewish rituals still need to be represented)`
Super-classes	JewishPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ReligiouslyObservant^c

Observation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Observation`
Description	An ''Observation'' is an Assertion concerning something in the RealWorld produce by an act of ''Observing'', and that act of ''Observing'' provides some level of proof for that ''Assertion''. Assertions about reliable (confirmed) scientific observations are included, as well as Assertions about the properties of things that can be proved from authentic recordings. ('It's a fact that water melts at 0 degress C'). An ''Observation'' may be complex; a single fact (one logical sentence) is represented as a ''Datum'' in COSMO. NOTE that an Observation (Action) is not itself a VerifiableObservation, which is an Assertion about an Observation. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'fact' and non sense 3 of 'observation' in WordNet: 4. (27) fact - (a concept whose truth can be proved; 'scientific hypotheses are not facts') WN noun 'observation': 3. (5) observation - (facts learned by observing; 'he reported his observations to the mayor')
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Observing^c isProducedByEventType^op value Observing^c
Sub-classes	Fact^c

Observed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Observed`
Description	''Observed'' is the attribute of something of any kind (object, Event, attribute) that was the object of an ''Observing'', or in a ''DiscoveryEvent''. Distinguishing 'observed' and 'discovered' may be possible when more examples are on hand, but there will be overlap except possibly for 'discovering' new geographic locations or new species through exploration. `Includes but is broader than WN adjective sense 1 of 'observed', including not only scientific observations but anything that was ascertained by Observing. in Wordnet: 1. (8) ascertained, discovered, observed - (discovered or determined by scientific observation; 'variation in the ascertained flux depends on a number of factors'; 'the discovered behavior norms'; 'discovered differences in achievement'; 'no explanation for the observed phenomena')`
Super-classes	Detectable^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	ObservedValue^c

ObservedValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObservedValue`
Description	An ''ObservedValue'' is an ''AttributeValue'' that is observed (e.g. measured) for something. This contrasts with values that may be 'predicted' (e.g. from theoretical considerations) or 'expected' for any reason, such as prior experience or observations of similar things. This can be used as the first element of a 'Discrepancy'' that may occur between Observed and expected values.
Super-classes	Observed^c AttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Observed^c

Observer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Observer`
Description	'Observer' is a Role played by a Person who sees an Object or Event; this is not disjoint with the Role of 'participant' in any given Event. For someone who looks on without participating, use the subtype 'Onlooker'. Includes sense 1 of 'observer' and sense 1 of 'onlooker' and sense 2 of 'witness' and sense 1 of 'spectator' and sense 1 of 'viewer' in WordNet: 1. (12) perceiver, percipient, observer, beholder - (a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses) WN noun 'onlooker': 1. (3) onlooker, looker-on - (someone who looks on) WN noun 'witness': 2. (3) spectator, witness, viewer, watcher, looker - (a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind); 'the spectators applauded the performance'; 'television viewers'; 'sky watchers discovered a new star')
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Looking^c
Sub-classes	Witness^c Onlooker^c

Observing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Observing`
Description	Each 'Observing' is an Event in which some PhysicalObject or group of objects (including sentient agents) acquires information in some form by interacting with some other Objects in the real world. If done through the senses by an animal, this would be an instance of the subtype 'Perceiving'; but an ''Observing'' (an observation) can be made even by very simple instruments. The effect of 'Observing' is to create some information representation in the observing thing, but that information may be forgotten or unused, or it may be remembered and stored. When ''Observing'' is performed intentionally to determine if something is present or has some speacific value, it is classified as the subtype ''Detecting''. NOTE: this is a ''PurposefulAction'' even when performed by automatons, which would be programmed to observe, so that the intention is with the programmer of the automaton. Perhaps future automatons with their own goals might observe 'unintentionally' The action of ''Seeing'' can include unintentional perception. CYC: A collection of information-gathering events in which an agent or group of agents acquire information by observing some thing or event. The observation may be mediated by equipment, such a binoculars, video cameras, body wires, an intercom, and other aids to real-time observation, and direct sensory perception on the part of a #$PerceptualAgent is not required, although in cases of group observation, we require that there be at least one member of the group playing the role of #$recipientOfInfo in the #$Observing. Positive examples: a military unit's following air traffic by means of radar or a submarine crew's tracking the progress of another submarine by means of sonar. Any instance of intentional Perceiving (by any sense) by an animal or mechanical IntentionalAgent, with or without the aid of instruments) which produces information. This is a broad sense, and includes both detection (observing the existence of something) as well as observing or measuring specific properties of things, and distinguishing a thing from others, or recognizing the category (type) of thing it is. If a machine is doing the Observation, and that machine is not classified as an IntentionalAgent, then the agent doing the detecting is the agent that set up the machine to do the Observation, whether the agent is present or not at the time of the Observation. 'The seismometer observed a level 4 earthquake and transmitted the data to the university laboratory 1000 miles away.' 'the fall of the satellite was in such a remote location that it escaped notice from the ground' Observations are intentional. The difference between 'Noticing' and 'Observation' is that in a 'Noticing' detecting the thing noticed was not necessarily the purpose of the perceving, it was incidental to the purpose (if any) of the perceiving; whereas in 'Observation' the thing observced was observed intentionally. @ToDo: this distinction may not be needed, perhaps it never is used in reasoning? Review - perhaps merge 'Noticing' with 'Observation'? Includes verb sense 1 of 'observe', verb senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 2 of 'notice', and verb sense 1 of 'detect' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'witness' in WordNet: 1. (41) detect, observe, find, discover, notice - (discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of; 'She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water'; 'We found traces of lead in the paint') 2. (21) notice, mark, note - (notice or perceive; 'She noted that someone was following her'; 'mark my words') WN noun 'notice' 2. (4) notice, observation, observance - (the act of noticing or paying attention; 'he escaped the notice of the police') WN verb 'witness': 1. (17) witness - (be a witness to; 'She witnessed the accident and had to testify in court') 2. (7) witness, find, see - (perceive or be contemporaneous with; 'We found Republicans winning the offices'; 'You'll see a lot of cheating in this school'; 'The 1960's saw the rebellion of the younger generation against established traditions'; 'I want to see results')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Perceiving-Voluntary^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Observation^c hadObjectObserved^op some owl:Thing^c isaSubEventOf^op some InformationGathering^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Observed^c causes^op value BeingObserved^c
Sub-classes	Estimating^c Overhearing^c TouringaFacility^c AssessingTheValueOfSomething^c SightSeeing^c Visiting^c Spotting^c Detecting^c Timing^c HearingDirectly^c Experiment^c CheckingSomething^c Distinguishing^c Listening^c Pretest^c Looking^c Measuring^c
In domain of	hadObjectObserved^op

ObservingAstronomicalObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObservingAstronomicalObjects`
Description	''ObservingAstronomicalObjects'' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'stargazing' and verb sense 1 of 'stargaze' (this is for looking at any AstronomicalObject, including planets, asteroids, galaxies and phenomena such as radiation in space. This is for observation using any form of ElectromagneticRadiation, as well as gravity waves and any type of observing Device, including infrared or radio wave or gravity wave detectors: in WordNet: 1. stargazing - (observation of the stars) WN verb 'stargaze' 1. stargaze - (observe the stars)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Looking^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Astronomer^c usesDeviceType^op some AstronomicalTelescope^c hadObjectObserved^op some AstronomicalObject^c

Obsessed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obsessed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obsessed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) haunted, obsessed, preoccupied, taken up - (having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with something; 'became more and more haunted by the stupid riddle'; 'was absolutely obsessed with the girl'; 'got no help from his wife who was preoccupied with the children'; 'he was taken up in worry for the old woman')`
Super-classes	Concerned^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling^op value Obsession^c

Obsession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obsession`
Description	An ''Obsession'' is an intense ''Preoccupation'' with some topic or activity that pressures the Person with this Feeling to pay attention to some things to the exclusion of others. `NOTE: this Feeling can be temporary, but there is no upper or lower limit to how long it may last. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obsession' in WordNet: 2. obsession, fixation - (an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone)`
Super-classes	PayingAttention^c Feeling^c Preoccupation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intensive^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Obsessed^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Compulsive^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Obsessive^c

Obsessive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obsessive

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obsessive' in Wordnet:
          1. obsessional, obsessive - (characterized by or constituting an obsession;
             'the obsessional character of his response'; 'obsessive gambling')

Super-classes Compulsive^c

Obstacle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obstacle`
Description	An Obstacle is any physical object (including streams) that impedes movement of people or vehicles. This type includes all types of barriers to movement, including Wall-GenericBarrier and its various subtypes of walls and fences. This is prmarily intended as a PhysicalObject that can impede the movment of vehiles and/or troops. For the more generic 'obstacle' that can be an impediment to other types of Action use ''Hindrance'' or a subtype. The term 'obstacle' is usually used commonly in military scenarios, but obstacles can be of significance in many scenarios, including non-military purposes (see ''Hindrance'') Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obstacle' in WordNet: 2. (4) obstacle - (an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented))
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c TacticalArea^c Hindrance^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value TransportationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Stream^c GolfCourseHazard^c

ObstacleSystem-Military^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObstacleSystem-Military`
Description	A structured system of artifacts intended to play the collective role of #$constrainingObject in a non-trivial subset of the collection of #$Movement-TranslationEvents such that the #$objectMoving is an instance of #$ModernMilitaryUnit-Deployable. Collections of instances of #$ObstacleSystem-Military designed to impede the movements of certain kinds of military unit can be referenced via #$MilitarySpecialtyObstacleFn: collections where the type is intended to impede the performance of certain tasks can be referenced via #$MilitaryTaskObstacleFn.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c

ObstetricalForceps^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObstetricalForceps`
Description	An ''ObstetricalForceps'' is a ''Forceps' used by a physician or other Person assisting at a ''BirthEvent'' to grasp and help remove a baby still partly in the mother's birth canal, in the process of being born, to help sped up and ease the process of birth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forceps' in WordNet: 1. forceps - (an extractor consisting of a pair of pincers used in medical treatment (especially for the delivery of babies))`
Super-classes	Forceps^c Device-UserPowered^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BirthEvent^c

Obstetrician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obstetrician`
Description	CYC: Obstetricians are doctors who specialize in the treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obstetrician' in WordNet: 1. obstetrician, accoucheur - (a physician specializing in obstetrics)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Obstetrics^c
Sub-classes	ObstetricianGynecologist^c

ObstetricianGynecologist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObstetricianGynecologist

Description

An OB/GYN is a doctor who specializes in the treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth in addition to diagnosing and treating problems with women's reproductive organs.

        RHW 'ob-gyn': adj.  1.  obstetrical-gynecological.
                      noun  2.  obstetrician-gynecologist.

Super-classes Gynecologist^c
Obstetrician^c

Obstetrics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obstetrics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obstetrics' in WordNet: 1. obstetrics, OB, tocology, midwifery - (the branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of the mother)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Obstetrician^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Childbirth^c

Obstinacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obstinacy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obstinacy' in WordNet: 2. stubbornness, bullheadedness, obstinacy, obstinance, pigheadedness, self-will - (resolute adherence to your own ideas or desires)`
Super-classes	Resolution-Emotion^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Obstinate^c
Sub-classes	Intransigence^c

Obstinate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obstinate`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obstinate' in Wordnet: 3. contrary, obstinate, perverse, wayward - (resistant to guidance or discipline; 'Mary Mary quite contrary'; 'an obstinate child with a violent temper'; 'a perverse mood'; 'wayward behavior')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Intransigent^c

ObstructionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObstructionEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which an area that would otherwise be passable by someone or something is rendered unpassable with respect to that someone or thing. `NOTE: this includes not just obstructing one 'path' but also objstructing access to a destination by any path. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'obstruct' in WordNet: 2. (2) obstruct, obturate, impede, occlude, jam, block, close up - (block passage through; 'obstruct the path')`
Super-classes	BlockingAction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op only (Motion^c or MotionType^c) hinders^op value ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Sub-classes	BlockingTraffic^c

Obstructive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obstructive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obstructive' in Wordnet: 1. clogging, hindering, impeding, obstructive - (preventing movement; 'the clogging crowds of revelers overflowing into the street')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Impassable^c

Obtaining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obtaining`
Description	'Obtaining' is an Action in which an Agent acquires possession of something - usually a PhysicalObject, but potentially something abstract.. This can be accomplished by finding; it is not necessary that another agent lose control. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'obtain' in WordNet. NOTE that WordNet 'get' includes this sense, but can be used for the more abstract 'get'; in WordNet: WN 'obtain' 1. (118) obtain - (come into possession of; 'How did you obtain the visa?') WN noun 'acquiring': 1. acquiring, getting - (the act of acquiring something; 'I envied his talent for acquiring'; 'he's much more interested in the getting than in the giving')`
Super-classes	GainingControl^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op only owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	TakingPossessionOfSomething^c AccessingaConceptualWork^c Accruing^c Procuring^c InheritingProperty^c RepossessingSomething^c TakingSomething^c Mooching^c Outsourcing^c Receiving^c AcquisitionOfProperty^c Buying^c
In domain of	hadObjectObtained^op

Obvious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Obvious`
Description	An attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions whose meaning is not only easy to understand but immediately evident to the understanding. This is a stronger form of the part of 'Clear' that refers to the understanding (grasping the meaning or significance) rather than perceiving with the senses.. This expresses a greater certainy of inference (commonsense, not logical) of a conclusion from observations than does ''Apparent''. Corresponds to the second part of adjective sense 1 of 'obvious' and also of adjectives 'apparent' and 'plain in WordNet: 1. (27) obvious - (easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind; 'obvious errors') WN adj 'apparent': 1. (20) apparent, evident, manifest, patent, plain, unmistakable - (clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment; 'the effects of the drought are apparent to anyone who sees the parched fields'; 'evident hostility'; 'manifest disapproval'; 'patent advantages'; 'made his meaning plain'; 'it is plain that he is no reactionary'; 'in plain view') WN adj 'unmistakable': 1. (3) unmistakable - (clearly evident to the mind; 'his opposition to slavery was unmistakable)
Super-classes	Apparent^c
Sub-classes	Pointed^c Conspicuous^c Blatant^c Palpable^c

Occasion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Occasion`
Description	An 'Occasion' is an Event that has some particular significance to an IntelligentAgent. This is a broad, almost vague category, and each 'Occasion' should be related to some purpose or other type of Event; but there is no restriction as of rev789 to require that reference. Every HumanActivity is an Occasion; though routine activities may not be Salient, each HumanActivity that is represented in an ontology will be salient by virtue of its being paid attention to. Each HumanActivity is an occasion in the sense of being potentially referrable in a phrase such as 'on the occasion when we were digging that ditch . . .". NOTE that a 'special ocasion' would be a more salient instance than the average instance of 'Occasion'. `For the more specifi sense of 'critical juncture' use that connects two distinguishable Events use subtype ''CriticalJuncture''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'occasion' in WordNet: 1. (14) juncture, occasion - (an event that occurs at a critical time; 'at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave'; 'it was needed only on special occasions')`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c
Sub-classes	SocialOccurrence^c CriticalJuncture^c Episode^c HumanActivity^c SocialAssimilation^c

Occasional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Occasional

Description

'Occasional' is a vague property of Events that occur less often than 'frequently' but more often than 'rarely'. in any given TimeInterval.

      There is no clear absolute standard of 'Occasional', but events that
      occur less than once every years would be  'Infrequent' or 'Rare'.
      Ocurring more than once per day would not be 'Occasional'.

      This sense includes all 3  senses of 'occasional' and part of
         sense 1 of isolated' in WordNet - the 
      overlap is alot, and the eaning depends a lot on context and
      expectations:
       in WordNet:
         1. (21) occasional - (occurring from time to time; 
           'took an occasional glass of wine')
    2. (2) episodic, occasional - (occurring or appearing at usually irregular intervals;
       'episodic in his affections'; 'occasional headaches')
        3. casual, occasional - (occuring from time to time; 'casual employment';
           'a casual correspondence with a former teacher'; 'an occasional worker')
      WN adj 'isolated':
        1. (8) isolated, stray - (not close together in time; 
            'isolated instances of rebellion'; 'a stray bullet grazed his thigh')

Super-classes FrequencyAttributeValue^c
Unusual^c

Occlusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Occlusion`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occlusion' in WordNet: 1. (1) occlusion - (closure or blockage (as of a blood vessel))`
Super-classes	AttackOfAnAilment^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Blockage^c
Sub-classes	Thrombosis^c

Occultist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Occultist`
Description	A Person who practices (or claims to practice) Magical 'occult' arts. If someone claims to be a Sorcerer or Witch, that person may be considered as part of this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occultist' in WordNet: 1. occultist - (a believer in occultism; someone versed in the occult arts)`
Super-classes	MagicalPerson^c
Sub-classes	Enchantress^c PsychicPractitioner^c Psychic^c

Occupation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Occupation`
Description	An Occupation is an activity (a subtype of ''Action'') that a person does, typically to earn money or something of equivalent value. People who don't need the money and do the activity for the satisfaction still are practicing an Occupation. This is the Type whose subtypes will correspond to the various occupations that people do, such as 'Nursing' or 'Accounting'. Because some occupations are in common speech named in the same manner as the term describing the person who has that occupation (Electrician), the names used here (as subtypes of ''Action'') may seem unusual, but this avoids logical confusion with the person having the occupation. A person may have different ''Occupations'' at different periods within a ''WorkingCareer''. NOTE that NOTE that this type is labeled by a kind of work ('teaching', 'firefighter'); but logically each instance of this type represents the sum of Actions that a Person performs in the Role that is the ''Occupation''. for the actual employment situations ('he had a job at Merck') use ''JobSituation'',each instance of which is a subevent of an ''Occupation''. An Occupation is related to the PersonWithOccupation by inclusion of ''JobSituation''s (which reference ''PersonWithOccupation''s) as subevents. Also, as an ''Action'' each instance of ''Occupation'' must relate the Person performing that operation with the ''wasPerformedByAgent'' relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occupation' and sense 6 of 'business' and sense 1 of 'job' in WordNet: 1. (7) occupation, business, job, line of work, line - (the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; 'he's not in my line of business')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some JobSituation^c
Sub-classes	Journalism^c GovernorOccupation^c Vocation^c Profession^c MusicAsaProfession^c WaitingOnTables^c InventingAsAnOccupation^c Accounting^c DirectingMovies^c Ministering^c OccupationalSpecialization^c

OccupationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccupationType`
Description	OccupationType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to Occupations, such as 'isTheOccupationOfa' and 'practicesOccupation'. `NOTE that this must not be used as the Type of people who have occupations. For that, use 'OccupationalRoleType'.`
Super-classes	RoleType^c ActionType^c
Members	Bard Handicraft Inventor Embryologist LeadingaState ProfessionalAuthoring Economist TeachingAsAnOccupation Medicine-Occupation Biologist Rapper Ethologist Psychiatry MusicalPerformer Journalism Dentistry Screenwriter Playwright ScriptWriter AlternativeMedicine Poet Copywriter Nursing OccupationalSpecialization Endocrinologist Bacteriology SkilledTrade Microbiologist Psychologist Accounting DramaticActing Hypnotist WritingForPublication Writer Radiology GovernorOccupation Optometry AlternativeMedicinePractitioner Anthropologist Occupation Chiropractic StateGovernor MusicAsaProfession Astronomer Novelist Drafting LawAsAnOccupation Bookbinding DirectingMovies Exploring Ministering Gastroenterologist ArtAsaProfession Pediatrics ProfessionalArtist Orthodontia InventingAsAnOccupation Ecologist President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState Vocation Bookkeeping LeadingAnEmpire Archaeologist Biographer Profession Bacteriologist Matador

Occupational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Occupational

Description

''Occupational'' is the attribute pertaining to an ''Occupation'' and objects and activities assoiated with some specific ''Occupation''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'occupational' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) occupational - (of or relating to the activity
            or business for which you are trained; 'occupational hazard')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

OccupationalRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccupationalRole`
Description	The SUMO approximate equivalent of 'PersonWithOccupation'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

OccupationalRoleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccupationalRoleType`
Description	OccupationalRoleType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to Types describing people in occupational roles, such as 'Nurse', 'Firefighter'..
Super-classes	RoleType^c
Members	IceMan Therapist VirtuosoMusician PriorOfAnOrder PresidentOfOrganization Priest BuddhistMonk ActorOnTV CatholicCardinal GarbageCollector Nurse NavalPerson AcademicAdministrator ConstructionWorker DeliveryPerson AlternativeMedicinePractitioner Monk Employee SpeakerOfTheHouse Bishop-Clerical Evangelist Pope MailMan Anchorite Cantor Housekeeper Chaplain DoorMan Preacher Midwife Actress Manservant Medic GovernmentAdministrator Nun Virtuoso Professor Acupuncturist ChairPerson Valet Janitor EmploymentPosition Vicar Dean ReligiousOrderMember SecretaryGeneral NonPhysicianPrescriber Vicar-Priest Friar Servant Shepherd AssociateProfessor CoStar Archbishop MovieStar HeadOfAnOrganization Butler Mullah MedicalCareProfessional FemmeFatale ActorInMovies StarActor StarEntertainer NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional AirplanePilot MilkMan ActorActress AutomobileDriver Jesuit FullProfessor Decision-Maker NewsBoy RagMan Mime Maid DominicanFriar Hematologist ReligiousSuperior AssistantProfessor DomesticHelp Librarian Imitator

OccupationalScope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccupationalScope`
Description	''OccupationalScope'' is a 'Scope' that includes the activities that are included in any given 'Occupation'', i.e. the kinds of activities that a Person with that Occupation performs as part the the duties of the Occupation.
Super-classes	Group^c Scope^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some ActionType^c

OccupationalSpecialization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccupationalSpecialization`
Description	An ',OccupationalSpecialization'' is an Occupation in which the range of activities that a person does is narrower than the range of some other People in the same general field may do. In professionss such as Medicine there are generalists and specialists. Among Lawyers there are specialists. Among Scientists,most of them are specialists,though some may tackle a broader range of topics than others. Plumber and Electrician are specializations. `Many Fields of interest have specialized niches, Approximately the same as WN 'practie' sense 4 Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'specialization' in WordNet: 2. (2) specialization, specialisation, specialization, speciality, specialism - (the special line of work you have adopted as your career; 'his specialization is gastroenterology') WN noun 'practice': 4. (2) practice - (the exercise of a profession; 'the practice of the law'; 'I took over his practice when he retired')`
Super-classes	Occupation^c
Sub-classes	Optometry^c Radiology^c

OccupationalTrade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccupationalTrade`
Description	The SUMO term for 'TradeWorker'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Occupied^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Occupied`
Description	''Occupied'' is an attribute of Places or Objects that have at least one ''Animal'' present there.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OccupyingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccupyingaPlace`
Description	''OccupyingaPlace'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' that suggests that the thing(s) doing the 'occupying' take(s) up all of the space available to be occupied in that location. This is not interpreted as ''fully occupying' as there may be some space left, but it suggests that the thing doing the occupying leaves little room for other things. A Person may 'occupy' a chair or an apartment, and that would preclude others occupying the same locations. But 'occupying Wall Street' or occupying a country leaves plenty of room for others. In general, occupying a large area is interpreted as metaphorical with respect to this sense. `This includes 'occupying' in the sense of one GeopoliticalEntity maintaining governmental control over some area. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'occupy' and noun sense 1 of 'presence' in WordNet: 1. (22) inhabit, occupy - (be present in; be inside of) 4. (3) occupy, fill - (occupy the whole of; 'The liquid fills the container') WN noun 'presence': 1. (33) presence - (the state of being present; current existence; 'he tested for the presence of radon')`
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some PhysicalObject^c occursAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c)

Occurrence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Occurrence`
Description	An ''Occurrence'' is an Event that occurs (happens) in the RealWorld. This is distinguished from ''PersistingEvent'' in that an ''Occurrence''need not be an ''PersistingEvent'', it can be a change (''BecomingEvent''). This type is intended to specify both: (1) that the Event represented is not just possible or future or fictional or hypothetical, but (as best one knows) has happened or is happening in the ''RealWorld''; and (2) this can be the reference to questions of 'what happened?' or 'what occurred' and, when one wishes to specify an Attribute for some such real ''event'' this can be added as a parent type to reflect the assertion that this is known to have happened. This type is useful because in general in COSMO representations of Events can represent hypotheticals or fictionals, and some method of making the distinction of real from hypotheticals is likely to be useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occur' and sense 1 of noun 'occurrence' in WordNet: 1. (98) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important') WN verb 'transpire': 4. transpire - (come about, happen, or occur; 'Several important events transpired last week') WN noun 'occurrence': 1. (29) happening, occurrence, occurrent, natural event - (an event that happens)
Super-classes	RealExistence^c Event^c
Sub-classes	MiraculousOccurence^c WondrousThing^c Windfall^c RecentOccurrence^c Coinciding^c

OccurringAtaFixedTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccurringAtaFixedTime

Description

'OccurringAtaFixedTime' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are both 'Conventional' in being preformed in a predetermined manner (in this case, occurring at some specific time of day or day of the week), and 'RegularlyScheduled', recurring at some fixed time intervals.

  If it is known that some activity recurs at fixed time intervals
  ('weekly') but it is not known whether it occurs at the same time
  each recurrence, use 'RegularlyScheduled'.

  Includes part of adjective senses 5 and 7 of 'regular' in WordNet:
       5. (2) regular - (regularly scheduled for fixed times;
              'at a regular meeting of the PTA'; 'regular bus departures')
       7. (1) even, regular - (occurring at fixed intervals; 'a regular beat';
             'the even rhythm of his breathing')

Super-classes Conventional^c
RegularlyScheduled^c

OccurringDaily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccurringDaily

Description

''OccurringDaily'' is an ''OccurringPeriodically'' in which the recurring interval is ''OneDay''.

     Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'daily' in WordNet:
        2. (7) daily - (measured by the day or happening every day; 
         'a daily newspaper'; 'daily chores'; 'average daily wage'; 'daily quota')

Super-classes OccurringPeriodically^c

OccurringNightly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccurringNightly

Description

''OccurringNightly'' is an ''OccurringPeriodically'' in which the recurring interval is ''OneDay'' and the time of day for the occurrencei is ''Night''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nightly' in Wordnet:
      1. nightly - (happening every night; 'nightly television now goes on until 3:00 or 4:00 a.m.')

Super-classes OccurringPeriodically^c

OccurringPeriodically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccurringPeriodically`
Description	''OccurringPeriodically'' is a subattribute of ''Recurring'' for Events or States that 'recur' at relatively fixed intervals of time.
Super-classes	Recurring^c Periodic^c
Sub-classes	OccurringWeekly^c OccurringDaily^c OccurringNightly^c Seasonal^c

OccurringWeekly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OccurringWeekly

Description

''OccurringWeekly'' is an ''OccurringPeriodically'' in which the recurring interval is ''OneWeek''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weekly' in WordNet:
        1. (10) weekly - (occurring or payable every week;
        'a weekly trip to town'; 'weekly wages'; 'weekly rent')

Super-classes OccurringPeriodically^c

Ocean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ocean`
Description	SUMO: Ocean is the class containing the oceans that are the major subdivisions of the WorldOcean. According to the International Hydrographic Association, there are five oceans: the AtlanticOcean, PacificOcean, IndianOcean, SouthernOcean, and ArcticOcean. Note: The largest oceans, the Atlantic and Pacific, are subdivided into Northern and Southern regions, but those regions are not separate Oceans in that classification. `Cyc: A specialization of #$Sea. Each instance of #$Ocean is one of the oceans of the world. This includes #$TheOceanSea, the interconnected expanse of salt water covering 71% of the Earth's surface, and of which the other oceans are subregions. Examples: #$AtlanticOcean, #$ArcticOcean, #$IndianOcean, #$PacificOcean. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ocean' in WordNet: 1. (9) ocean - (a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere)`
Super-classes	Sea^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtlanticOcean http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GulfOfMexico http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PacificOcean

OceanChannel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceanChannel`
Description	CYC: The collection of water passageways connecting two larger bodies of water within an ocean region, that is wider than a Strait. `Random House sense 4 of 'channel': 4. a wide strait, as between a continent and an island`
Super-classes	BodyOfSaltWater^c WaterSurfacePath^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnglishChannel

OceanFlooding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceanFlooding`
Description	''OceanFlooding'' is a type of ''Flooding'' in which water from some ''Sea'' (often an ''Ocean'' or part of one) comes ashore to a level above normal high tide, causing Flooding that may be merely inconvenient or even disastrous. `This can be caused over a short period by Tidal surges, tsunamis, hurricanes or high winds that drive the tide. It can also occur in places such as the Netherlands) that have reclaimed water from the ocean and built dikes to keep the ocean out, if the ''Dike'' breaks or is otherwse pierced. Over a long period of time this can be due to the rise of ocean levels or the sinking 'settling') of the land surface adjacent to the Ocean.`
Super-classes	Flooding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value SeaWater^c

OceanIce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceanIce`
Description	A PhysicalObject, any large body of Ice that is touching a BodyOfWater. This is intended to represent sense 2 of 'ice' in WordNet, but some of the subtypes in WordNet (parts of a glacier that are not touching the water) are not toucing a BodyOfWater, so they would not be subtypes of this type. `NOTE that this includes lake ice, but none of the WN subtypes seem to be of that type, and that would be an less common usage. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ice' in WordNet: 2. (1) ice - (the frozen part of a body of water)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some BodyOfWater^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ice^c
Sub-classes	Iceberg^c

OceanLiner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceanLiner`
Description	A large ''SteamShip'', for passengers or freight. It is a Oceanliner if it has ocean-going capacity even if it is not used for that purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ocean liner' in WordNet: 1. liner, ocean liner - (a large commercial ship (especially one that carries passengers on a regular schedule))`
Super-classes	SteamShip^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	PassengerLiner^c

OceanRidge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceanRidge`
Description	A ''OceanRidge'' is a ''Ridge'' in an Ocean, under water or partly above water.. `Includes noun sense 3 of 'ridge' in WordNet: 3. ridge - (a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean)`
Super-classes	Ridge^c LandArea^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BottomOfAnOcean^c
Sub-classes	Reef^c

OceanSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceanSurface`
Description	The ''OceanSurface'' is the ''TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject'' where the ''liquidobject'' is an ''Ocean''.
Super-classes	NavigableWaterSurface^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Ocean^c

OceanTide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceanTide`
Description	A ''OceanTide'' is a ''Tide'' ocurring in any one or part of an OceanonEarth. See parent ''Tide'' for more discussion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tide' in WordNet: 1. (5) tide - (the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon)`
Super-classes	Tide^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c hadMainParticipant^op value Ocean^c
Sub-classes	EbbTide^c

OceanWave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OceanWave`
Description	Any Wave located on some ''Ocean' or a body of water near a shoreline contiguous with an Ocean, even if named a 'bay' or 'sea' or 'gulf' or 'bight'.
Super-classes	SeaSwell^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Ocean^c
Sub-classes	Tsunami^c

Oceanic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oceanic

Description

''Oceanic'' pertains to an ''Ocean'' and its properties, and things located in or Events occurring in an ''Ocean''.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oceanic' in Wordnet:
            1. oceanic, pelagic - (relating to or occurring or living in or frequenting the open ocean;
               'oceanic islands like Bermuda'; 'oceanic currents'; 'oceanic birds'; 'pelagic organisms';
               'pelagic whaling')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Oceanographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oceanographer`
Description	An ''Oceanographer'' is a Scientist who who studes the properties of ''Ocean''s and processes that are characteristic of Oceans or specific parts of Oceans. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oceanographer' in WordNet: 1. oceanographer - (a scientist who studies physical and biological aspects of the seas)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Ocean^c

Ocelot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ocelot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ocelot' in WordNet: 1. (1) ocelot, panther cat, Felis pardalis - (nocturnal wildcat of Central America and South America having a dark-spotted buff-brown coat)`
Super-classes	WildCat^c

OchreColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OchreColor`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ochre' in Wordnet: 1. ocher, ochre - (of a moderate orange-yellow color)`
Super-classes	Yellowish^c
Sub-classes	BrilliantOrangeYellow-Color^c

Octagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Octagon`
Description	CYC: A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon. This is the collection of all polygons having eight sides, whether spatially-localized or abstract. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'octagon' in WordNet: 1. octagon - (an eight-sided polygon)`
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 8^c

Octane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Octane

Description

C8H18. An alkane with 8 carbon atoms. A primary component in gasoline.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'octane' in WordNet:
          1. octane - (any isomeric saturated hydrocarbon found 
           in petroleum and used as a fuel and solvent)

Super-classes LiquidSubstance^c
Alkane^c

October^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#October

Description

The Class of all Months which are October. CYC:A specialization of #$CalendarMonth. Each instance of #$October is the tenth month of a particular year in the #$GregorianCalendar (q.v.).

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'October' in WordNet:
    1. (13) October, Oct - (the month following September and preceding November)

Super-classes Month^c

Octopus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Octopus`
Description	CYC: The collection of all members of the order Octopoda of the class Cephalopoda (#$Cephalopods). Octopi have 8 mobile sucker bearing arms. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'octopus' in WordNet: 2. octopus, devilfish - (bottom-living cephalopod having a soft oval body with eight long tentacles)`
Super-classes	Cephalopod^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightTentacles^c

Odd^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Odd

Description

The property of an Integer that is not evenly divisible by 2. This is a specialized mathematical concept.

  Corresponds to adj sense 1 of 'odd' in WordNet:
    1. (7) odd - (not divisible by two)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Odd-toedUngulate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Odd-toedUngulate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'odd-toed ungulate' in WordNet: 1. odd-toed ungulate, perissodactyl, perissodactyl mammal - (placental mammals having hooves with an odd number of toes on each foot)`
Super-classes	HoofedMammal^c
Sub-classes	Tapir^c

OddInteger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OddInteger`
Description	An Integer that is not evenly divisible by 2.
Super-classes	Integer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Odd^c

Oddly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oddly

Description

''Oddly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' and ''AdverbialModifier'' that can modify an assertion to indicate that the speaker considers the attribute or situation described by the assertion to be 'odd' (unusual and surprising). This can be used as a 'sentential adverb'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oddly' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) curiously, oddly, peculiarly -
              (in a manner differing from the usual or expected;
              'had a curiously husky voice'; 'he's behaving rather peculiarly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Odds-against^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Odds-against

Description

This sense of ''Disadvantaged'' differs from the sense in WN which is synonymous with ''deprived' and refers to social and economic 'disadvantage', which is represented as ''Deprived''. This sense of 'disadvantaged' is for the people or teams expected to lose in a contest.

     There is no WN or RHW sense corresponding to this sense of 'disadvantaged'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unequal' in Wordnet:
        2. (1) unequal - (poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure)

Super-classes Unequal^c

Odds-on^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Odds-on`
Description
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Odometer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Odometer`
Description	A DisplayDevice in a Vehicle showing the distance travelled by the vehicle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'odometer' in WordNet: 1. odometer, hodometer, mileometer, milometer - (a meter that shows mileage traversed)`
Super-classes	VehiclePart^c ManufacturedGoods^c Gauge^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value DistanceTravelled^c

Odor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Odor`
Description	Odor is a subtype of 'AttributeType' that specifies a property of objects and substances that give off gases that can be perceived by the olfactory sense. The property is attributed to the object, though the perception is of the emitted gas. The distinction is made here between an ''OdoriferousThing'' and the ''OdorousGas'' that it emits. The Odor can be pleasant or unpleasant or neither of those but merely distinctive. Odor perceptions vary with individual people; this is for the classification of odors, regardless of who is perceiving it. In Cyc the attribute 'odor' is conflated with objects that have a particular odor - COSMO does not follow that categorization convention. Cyc: An odor is a quality that a tangible object or piece of free space may have, or an agent may detect. The predicates #$objectEmitsOdor, #$placeHasOdor, #$smells can map from those individuals to an Odor respectively. All odors have a projection onto magnitude axis. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'odor' (and 'odour'), sense 2 of 'smell', sense 1 of 'aroma', and sense 3 of 'scent' in WordNet: 2. (6) olfactory property, smell, aroma, odor, odour, scent - (any property detected by the olfactory system)
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Pong^c

OdorAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OdorAttribute`
Description	Each OdorAttribute is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes the ''Odor'' of a substance, object, or location.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Odoriferous^c Stinky^c Odorous^c Fragrant^c

OdorSensation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OdorSensation

Description

A Sensation produced by stimulation of the olfactory organs.

      This may be diffcult to distinguish from the property 'odor', as in the
       example given: is it the sensation she loves, or the property?

      Corresponds to sense 2 of 'odor' and sense 1 of 'olfactory sensation' in WordNet:
       2. (2) smell, odor, odour, olfactory sensation, olfactory perception -
          (the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are
           stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form; 'she loved the smell of roses')

Super-classes Sensation^c

OdorSensitivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OdorSensitivity`
Description	Each 'OdorSensitivity' is an AttributeValue of animals, or artifical sensors that specifies how sensitive a general sense of smell is, or what particular odors can be detected.
Super-classes	SensoryAbility^c AttributeValue^c

OdorType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OdorType`
Description	''OdorType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of ''Odor''. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Fragrant Pong Odor Odoriferous Stinky Scented OdorAttribute Stench Fragrance Odorous Acrid

Odoriferous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Odoriferous

Description

''Odoriferous'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of an ''OdoriferousThing'' (solid or liquid) that emits an ''OdorousGas'' (''Pleasant'' or ''Unpleasant'').

       Corresponds to  adjective senses 2 and 3 of  'odoriferous' in Wordet:
      in WordNet:
         2. odoriferous - (giving off an odor; 'the odoriferous elements in perfume')
         3. odoriferous, odorous - (emitting an odor; "odorous salt pork and weevily hardtack")

Super-classes OdorAttribute^c

OdoriferousLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OdoriferousLiquid`
Description	An ''OdoriferousLiquid'' is any ''LiquidSubstance'' that emits an ''OdorousGas''.
Super-classes	OdoriferousThing^c LiquidSubstance^c

OdoriferousObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OdoriferousObject`
Description	An ''OdoriferousObject'' is any PhysicalObject (solid or liquid) or that emits an ''OdorousGas''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c OdoriferousThing^c

OdoriferousThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OdoriferousThing`
Description	An ''OdoriferousThing'' is any PhysicalObject (solid or liquid) or PhysicalSubstance that emits an ''OdorousGas''.
Super-classes	PhysicalThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Odoriferous^c emits^op value OdorousGas^c
Sub-classes	OdoriferousLiquid^c OdoriferousObject^c

Odorous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Odorous

Description

''Odorous'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of a ''Gas'' that has some distinctive ''Oror', whether pleasant or unpleasant or neutral.

           For the Objects that emit Odorous gases, use attribute ''Odoriferous''.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'odorous' in Wordnet:
          1. odorous - (having odor or a characteristic odor; 'odorous jasmine flowers'; 
            'odorous garbage'; 'fresh odorous bread')

Super-classes OdorAttribute^c

OdorousGas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OdorousGas`
Description	An ''OdorousGas'' is a ''Gas'' that has some distinctive ''Odor'', pleasant or unpleasant or neutral. The vapor of a substance that is liquid at room temperature can be considered as an OdorousGas if it has an Odor. "fragrance"
Super-classes	Gas^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Odorous^c
Sub-classes	Fragrance^c Stench^c

Oedema^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oedema

Description

An ''Oedema'' is a ''BodySwelling'', the ''OrganicObject'' that is in a visibly swollen (enlarged) area on the surface of an AnimalBody, produced by a ''SwellingEvent'', usually due to an injury.

       CYC 'edema': The collection of swelling in tissues caused by
        accumulation of fluid.
      NOTE: these labels can also be used to represent the AilmenCondition (a persistentState), but 
        that type is not yet included in COSMO.

      NOTE: 'dropsy' and 'hydrops' are not used as labels because they are 
        archaic and could be confused with other physiological conditions.
       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oedema' in WordNet:
         1. edema, oedema, hydrops, dropsy - 
             (swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue)

Super-classes BodySwelling^c
Injury-Object^c

Oenophile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oenophile`
Description	A ''Oenophile'' is a ''Connoisseur'' with deep appreciation of Wines and the subtleties and nuances of their taste.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oenophile' in WordNet: 1. oenophile, oenophilist, wine lover - (a connoisseur of fine wines; a grape nut)`
Super-classes	Connoisseur^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Wine^c

OfOppositeAttributes^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfOppositeAttributes

Description

''OfOppositeAttributes'' characterizes two Entities that have some Attribute or Quality of the same general category that are each opposite to the Attribute or Quality of the other entity.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'opposite' in Wordnet:
          4. (3) opposite - (the other one of a complementary pair;
              'the opposite sex'; 'the two chess kings are set up on squares of opposite colors')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OfTheSameType^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfTheSameType

Description

'OfTheSameType' is an AttributeValue of a Group of entities of any kind, that are related by being of the same type. Such a Group can be of any size, and does not have to be the whole set of instances of any type. This can be used to specify that some things are all of the same type. 'Football, Soccer, and related sports': meaning that Football and Soccer are both Sports.

  NOTE that this relation is more accurately expressed by use of the
    relation 'areAlikeWRT' specifying *how* some things are of the same kind
    (i.e. have some shared characteristics) ,
    or by the subtype/supertype relation.

  @ToDo: it will require an FOL representation to specify the
  actual type that all elements of the group are instances of.

  Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'related' and sense 2 of 'alike'  in WordNet:
   1. (23) related, related to - (being connected either logically or causally 
       or by shared characteristics ; 'painting and the related arts';
       'school-related activities'; 'related to micelle formation is the...ability of detergent 
       actives to congregate at oil-water interfaces')
  WN adjective 'alike':
    2. (7) alike, similar, like - (having the same or similar characteristics;
       'all politicians are alike'; 'they looked utterly alike'; 'friends are generally alike 
       in background and taste')

Super-classes Related^c

OfUniformComposition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfUniformComposition

Description

''OfUniformComposition'' is an attribute of Objects and Locations that are (for objects) of uniform substance composition throughout the Object, and for Locations having the same kind(s) of objects uniformly distributed.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'uniform' in Wordnet:
           2. (4) consistent, uniform - (the same throughout in structure or composition;
            'bituminous coal is often treated as a consistent and homogeneous product')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OfUniformLength^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfUniformLength

Description

'OfUniformLength' is an AttributeValue of Groups (of Objects or TimeIntervals or Events) that asserts that each element of the Group is has the same length (as defined on that type).

   Appears to corresponds to part of adjective sense 3 of 'uniform' in WordNet,
     but the gloss is not clear as to the meaning:
        3. undifferentiated, uniform - (not differentiated)

Super-classes OfUniformType^c

OfUniformType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfUniformType`
Description	'Uniform' is an AttributeValue of Groups (e.g. of Objects or Events) that asserts that each element of the Groups is of the same type as every other, for some type-defining quality. For the sense of 'Uniform' meaning that a substance or object has all parts of the same type, use 'Homogeneous'. For the sense of 'uniform' meaning that each element of some Group (objects, TimeIntervals) has the same length (as defined on that type), use 'OfUniformLength'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'uniform' in WordNet: 3. undifferentiated, uniform - (not differentiated)`
Super-classes	Homogeneous^c
Sub-classes	OfUniformLength^c

OfWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfWord`
Description	An instance of OfWord is a word that can be used where the English word 'of' is used in phrases. It does not have to be English, but should have a meaning close enough to serve in a similar grammatical capacity for at least one of the senses of the English 'of'.
Super-classes	Word^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_von http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_de http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_of

Off-limits^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Off-limits

Description

''Off-limits'' is an attribute of things (not just Places) to which some people are not allowed access.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'off-limits' in Wordnet:
          1. off-limits, out-of-bounds - (barred to a designated group; 
              'that area is off-limits')

Super-classes Restricted^c

Off-site^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Off-site

Description

Working ''Off-site'' can occur for various reasons, including performing work on-line, or having a meeting at a remote location to avoid distractions from normal work functions.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'off-site' in Wordnet:
          1. off-site - (taking place or located away from the site; 
              'an off-site waste treatment operation')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OffDuty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OffDuty

Description

'OffDuty' is the state of a ''Person'', who has some regularly schedued duty, and is not now working or will not be working at some time in the future at that task.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'off' in Wordnet:
          5. off - (not performing or scheduled for duties; 'He's off every Tuesday')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OffPatent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OffPatent

Description

''OffPatent'' is an AttributeValue of Objects, Substances, or conceptual works whose patent or copyright has expired. Such entties are therefore free to be used by the public without payment of royalties, so long as no ''TradeMark'' is violated.

     NOTE: the WN sense 2 of 'generic' refers ony to the Term, but this is
       broader, referring to the product that was trademarked as well as 
       concpeptual works that were copyrighted.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'generic' in Wordnet:
         2. generic - ((of drugs) not protected by trademark; 
            " 'Acetaminophen' is the generic form of the proprietary drug 'Tylenol' ")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OffSeason^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OffSeason

Description

''OffSeason'' is any time of year when an activity whose intensity varies during the year is at its lowest level of intensity. This is applied mostly to travel related actions. 'rates are cheaper in the offseason'.

        Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'off-season' in WordNet:
          1. off-season - (the season when travel is least active and rates are lowest)

Super-classes SeasonOfYear^c

OffSiteLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OffSiteLocation`
Description	''OffSiteLocation'' is used to characterize various activities that occur at some place other than the implied ''LandSite'' of reference, which is relative to the context of the assertion. 'off-site meeting' `For a group within some BusinessOrganization to hold an ''Off-site'' meeting they would have to leave the ''WorkingLocation'' where they usually perform theirduties to another location.`
Super-classes	LandSite^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Off-site^c

Offended^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offended

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing Offendedness.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'offended' in Wordnet:
         1. offended, pained - (hurt or upset; 'she looked offended'; 'face had a pained 
            and puzzled expression')

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Offendedness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offendedness`
Description	Called 'Offendedness-Feeling' in Cyc. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'offense' in WordNet: 2. (1) umbrage, offense, offence - (a feeling of anger caused by being offended; 'he took offence at my question')`
Super-classes	Irritation^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Offending^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Offended^c

Offender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offender`
Description	An 'Offender' is any Person (any sex) or GroupOfPeople who performs some action that offends some person or violates some principle or code of behavior or ethics, or law, or does some harm to someone else. This is very broad and includes anyone who performs any of the full range of actions disapproved of by someone else, ranging from children being naughty to mass murderers. The subtypes, of course, are a lot more explicit. `The 'offending can be any of of a broad type: RHW 'offend': 1. to irritate, annoy, or anger; cause resentful displeasure in: Even the hint of prejudice offends me. 2. to affect (the sense, taste, etc.) disagreeably. 3. to violate or transgress (a criminal, religious, or moral law). 4. to hurt or cause pain to. 5. (in Biblical use) to cause to fall into sinful ways. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'offender' in WordNet: 1. (1) wrongdoer, offender - (a person who transgresses moral or civil law)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value UndesirableBehavior^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value Offending^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c
Sub-classes	Miscreant^c BadGuy^c Wrongdoer^c Pervert^c

Offending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offending`
Description	An Action by one person that causes a Feeling of 'Offendedness' in another Person, possibly by violating some rule of a social group (offending the moral sense).. An act of Offending is not necessarily a violation of an Obligation - for that type of act, use 'ViolatingAnObligation', which includes violation of law. 'Offending' causes a feeling of being 'offended'. NOTE that 'offending' in the sense of 'breaking a law' or infringing any other rule is represented by 'InfringingARule'. Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'offend' and noun sense 1 of 'offense' in WordNet: 1. (2) pique, offend - (cause to feel resentment or indignation; 'Her tactless remark offended me') 4. hurt, wound, injure, bruise, offend, spite - (hurt the feelings of; 'She hurt me when she did not include me among her guests'; 'This remark really bruised me ego') WN noun 'offense': 1. (2) discourtesy, offense, offence, offensive activity - (a lack of politeness; a failure to show regard for others; wounding the feelings or others)
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c MentalEvent^c HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c causes^op value Offendedness^c
Sub-classes	Scandalizing^c RebuffingaPerson^c Marginalizing^c UndesirableBehavior^c InsultingaPerson^c SnubbingaPerson^c

Offensive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offensive`
Description	The attribute of an Action or Linguistic Object that causes or can cause Offendedness, or of a Person who performs such an action. This has nothing to do with competition or war. `NOTE: an Action with this attribute is one that can cause 'Offendedness'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'offensive' in WordNet: 3. offensive - (causing anger or annoyance; 'offensive remarks')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Repulsive^c Bossy^c Rude^c Peremptory^c Insulting^c Vulgar^c Impolite^c Obscene^c Profane^c

Offering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offering`
Description	In CYC (0.78) called ('Offering-CommunicationAct') This is very broad, including offering an opinion, or something for sale, or to do something, or something to eat, or condolences. Essentially, to linguistically (verbally or in writing) present something for acceptance or rejection to another person, group, or to the public. The esponses are usually ''Accepting'' or ''Rejecting'' but the response could be deferring a decision or something ambiguousor noncommital ('Thanks for the suggestion,I'll consider that') A rejection would be an instance of ''DecliningAnOffer''. This would include the legal concept of an 'offer' that can be accepted to create a contract, but is broader,not requiring any reciprocal thing of value. If the 'Offering' is an offer to give or lend something for an agents use, that would be a subtype of 'MakingSomethingAvailable', but not all 'Offering' actions fit into that category. In some cases an 'Offering' may be performed gesturally, and that is still considered as an 'AssertingEvent' though it does not use verbal communication. For example, at a cocktail hour a waiter may put a tray of hors d'oeuvres in front of one, consituting an offer of the food - this is an instance of 'assertion' and declining to take any object thus offered is an instance of this type 'DecliningAnOffer'. . This Action communicates a willingness to do something. Cyc: A specialization of #$CommunicationAct-Single. Each instance of #$Offering-CommunicationAct is a communication act in which somebody offers to do something, furnish something, or make something the case. See also the #$IllocutionaryForce associated with these actions, #$Offer. SUMO: The subclass of Committing in which a 'IntentionalAgent' offers something Physical to another agent. Offerings may be unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a UnilateralGiving) or conditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a Transaction of some sort). NOTE: SUMO mentions Physical things offered, but in COSMO the thing offered may also be Mental or (as with intangible assets like rights), abstract. Includes verb senses 1 through 7 of 'offer' in Wordnet: 1. (95) offer - (make available or accessible, provide or furnish; 'The conference center offers a health spa'; 'The hotel offers private meeting rooms') 2. (31) offer, proffer - (present for acceptance or rejection; 'She offered us all a cold drink') 3. (12) volunteer, offer - (agree freely; 'She volunteered to drive the old lady home'; 'I offered to help with the dishes but the hostess would not hear of it') 4. (4) offer - (put forward for consideration; 'He offered his opinion') 5. (3) offer, extend - (offer verbally; 'extend my greetings'; 'He offered his sympathy') WN noun 'offer': 1. (2) offer, offering - (the verbal act of offering; 'a generous offer of assistance')
Super-classes	Committing^c AssertingEvent^c Stimulus^c Proposing^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Accepting^c
Sub-classes	OfferingABribe^c OfferingToBuy^c OfferingaReward^c OfferingForSale^c OfferingaBankAccount^c

OfferingABribe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfferingABribe

Description

CYC: A collection of actions. In each instance of #$OfferingABribe, some agent offers an inducement to another agent who has the power to do something that the first agent wants.

        NOTE: if successful,this becomes a subevent of ''Bribing''

Super-classes Offering^c
AttemptingActivity^c
Requesting^c

OfferingForSale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfferingForSale`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$OfferingForSale events includes events in which an agent offers something for sale to another agent. `SUMO: Offering to sell something to someone. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'offer' in WordNet: 6. (3) offer - (make available for sale; 'The stores are offering specials on sweaters this week')`
Super-classes	MakingSomethingAvailable^c Offering^c SalesActivity^c
Sub-classes	AdvertisingaProduct^c SaleEvent^c SolicitingBusiness^c

OfferingSomethingToaDeity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfferingSomethingToaDeity`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 9 of 'offer' in WordNet: 9. offer, offer up - (present as an act of worship; 'offer prayers to the gods')`
Super-classes	Worshipping^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some God^c
Sub-classes	SacrificingToaDeity^c

OfferingToBuy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfferingToBuy`
Description	'OfferingToBuy' is a Communication in which one Agent offers a certain amount of money to another Agent, whom the first Agent believes may willing to sell something. to obtain that something from that other Agent in return. In business transactions, this includes PurchaseOrders, which are a subtype of this type. NOTE: This is the general case, and does not necessarily imply that the Agent to whom the offer is made has already made known its intention to sell; for that situation, use the subtype ''Bidding''. The term 'bid' is used here in the sense of an 'offer' that is not necessarily in a formal auction. For bidding at an auction use subtype ''Bidding''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'offer' in WordNet: 7. (1) offer, bid, tender - (propose a payment; 'The Swiss dealer offered $2 million for the painting')
Super-classes	Offering^c SalesActivity^c
Sub-classes	Bidding^c PurchaseOrder^c

OfferingaBankAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfferingaBankAccount`
Description	''OfferingaBankAccount'' is the ''Offering'' Action that a Bank takes when it makes available a ''BankAccount'' to some section of the public.
Super-classes	Offering^c MakingSomethingAvailable^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some (BankAccount^c or AccountType^c or BankOrganization^c or OrganizationType^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op some (BankAccount^c or AccountType^c or BankOrganization^c or OrganizationType^c)

OfferingaReward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfferingaReward`
Description	''OfferingaReward'' is the act of making an offer (verbally or by posting a notice) that a ''Reward'' will be paid for some desired action. Each 'OfferingaReward' is an instance of a ''Communication'' in which some agent offers to give something valuable to one or more other agents, as an inducement to an agent to do something that the first agent wants. This is most common for providing information to a police agency, or for returning something lost or stolen. `When an agency 'posts a reward' that is represented in COSMO as an instance of 'OfferingaReward'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'reward' in WordNet: 4. (1) reward - (the offer of money for helping to find a criminal or for returning lost property)`
Super-classes	Offering^c SpurringAnActivity^c Requesting^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some GivingaReward^c

Offhand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offhand

Description

''Offhand'' is a form of ''Casual'' that characterizes Actions that are not ''Careful'',in not being well thought out and/or considerate of other people.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'offhand' in Wordnet:
           2. offhand, offhanded - (casually thoughtless or inconsiderate; 
             'an offhand manner'; 'she treated most men with offhand contempt')

Super-classes Casual^c

OfficeBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficeBuilding`
Description	CYC: The collection of 'modern' office buildings. `SUMO: A building in which work activities take place which is not primarily designed for manufacturing or retail sales. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'office building' in WordNet: 1. office building, office block - (a building containing offices where work is done)`
Super-classes	HumanShelterConstruction^c CommercialFacility^c Workplace^c Building^c
Sub-classes	Skyscraper^c

OfficeFurniture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficeFurniture`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'office furniture' in WordNet: 1. office furniture - (furniture intended for use in an office)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op value OfficeSpace^c
Sub-classes	FileCabinet^c

OfficeRoom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficeRoom

Description

Single-room offices where one or two people typically work. Several of these can comprise an #$OfficeSpace. A Person's office is the place where that person usually works, unless the job requires frequent travel. This is the PhysicalObject that is an office.

        This could be a manager's 'office' in a larger room.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'office' in WordNet:
          1. (62) office, business office -
             (place of business where professional or clerical duties are
             performed; 'he rented an office in the new building')

Super-classes Room^c
OfficeSpace-Personal^c

OfficeSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficeSpace`
Description	A room or set of rooms or part of a Room which comprises an office for an enterprise or for an individual. This will also be an office for an individual person only in the case where there is only one person working in an 'enterprise' - such as an office space that is part of a person's home. For single-room offices for an individual, use 'OfficeRoom' NOTE that this is a subtype of 'MultiRoomUnit', but such a unit can consist of a single room. For 'offices' in homes, the room can be used for other purpses, but if considered as the 'office' where the owner does paperwork, it is included in this type, and may have pieces of ''OfficeFirniture''. Many people may work in one #$OfficeSpace, whereas usually only one or two work in an 'OfficeRoom'. There is often a small reception area in the #$OfficeSpace where the secretary or assistant works. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'office' in WordNet: 1. (62) office, business office - (place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed; 'he rented an office in the new building')
Super-classes	MultiRoomUnit^c PlaceOfBusiness^c Workplace^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Building^c
Sub-classes	PostOffice^c Newsroom^c OfficeSpace-Personal^c Headquarters^c

OfficeSpace-Personal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficeSpace-Personal`
Description	An 'OfficeSpace-Personal' is a place where typically one person works; it can be as small as a desk in a shared cubicle, or a suite of rooms for an executive, or the main room in a home where 'office work' is done.
Super-classes	OfficeSpace^c Workplace^c
Sub-classes	OfficeRoom^c

OfficerInOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficerInOrganization`
Description	CYC: The collection of all officers of any organization. An officer is someone who is entrusted with an office, or recognized position of authority within an organization. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'officer' in WordNet: 2. (183) officeholder, officer - (someone who is appointed or elected to an office and who holds a position of trust; 'he is an officer of the court'; 'the club elected its officers for the coming year')`
Super-classes	OrganizationMember^c Leader^c
Sub-classes	BoatCaptain^c MilitaryOfficer^c ChairPerson^c Treasurer^c VicePresidentOfOrganization^c HeadOfAnOrganization^c PublicOfficial^c CorporateOfficer^c Prefect^c Incumbent^c

Official^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Official

Description

An attribute of a Document created by or Action performed by some Authority that has some force of authoritativeness (is ''Authorized''). In the case of a Document, it may give some right or permission, or becoming a matter of record. This is a broad category, as it can apply to actions of any Organization, even small ones, provided that the action is countenanced by the rules of the organization and the rules recognize the action as having some effect that the organization will recognize.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'official' in WordNet:
         1. (10) official - (having official authority or sanction;
         'official permission'; 'an official representative')

Super-classes Authorized^c

OfficialDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficialDocument`
Description	COSMO note: An OfficialDocument is a physical object with some writing on it, and the writing should contain some statement that asserts facts that can be used for legal or governmental purposes. Note that the creator ned not be an employee of a government, but should hae degree of authority that makes the document credible. This is not the AbstractDocument, but the physical document. Note also that every document was created by an Authority (some agent who can create a Rule), and this applies even to Wills, where the Authority as to disposition of assets is the person creating or dictating the content of the will. Cyc: A specialization of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject. Each instance of #$OfficialDocument is a document that can be used as the basis, proof, or support of some fact (such as a person's nationality, marital status, credit, or qualifications; or the ownership or transfer of property, etc.). #$OfficialDocuments are typically generated, issued, and/or certified by relevant institutions (as with #$Passports or #$StockCertificates), but they also include unique personal documents (such as wills) which meet certain standards to be accepted in support of facts. Instances of #$OfficialDocument include: #$BirthCertificates, #$TaxReturns, insurance policies, #$PostageStamps, receipts, #$PackingSlips and student ID cards. A notable specialization of this collection is #$LegalDocument. See also #$OfficialDocumentType.
Super-classes	PortableObject^c Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Official^c wasCreatedBy^op some Authority^c
Sub-classes	Certificate^c CertificateOfDeposit^c AccountingRecord^c ContractDocument^c LegalDocument^c IDDocument^c DocumentaryRecord^c PostageStamp^c TradeableSecurityCertificate^c

OfficialDocument-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficialDocument-Abstract`
Description	An OfficialDocument-Abstract is an abstract document (a mental object) that is 'official' in having some kind of legal force, and is represented by a physical 'OfficialDocument'. For the meaning 'OfficialDocument', see that entry.
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some Authority^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Official^c
Sub-classes	Certificate-Abstract^c LegalDocument-Abstract^c

OfficialPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficialPower`
Description	''OfficialPower'' is the ability possessed by a Person who holds some governmental office, represented as ''"PublicOfficial''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power' in WordNet: 5. (40) office, power - ((of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power; 'being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage'; 'during his first year in office'; 'during his first year in power'; 'the power of the president')`
Super-classes	SocialPower^c
Restrictions	isPossessedBy^op value PublicOfficial^c
Sub-classes	ElectiveOffice^c

OfficialResidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficialResidence`
Description	An ''OfficialResidence'' is a ''Residence'' provided for one or more people by an Organization in which that Person has some function that justifies special residential Privilege. `College dormitory?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'residence' in Wordnet: 2. (2) residence - (the official house or establishment of an important person (as a sovereign or president); 'he refused to live in the governor's residence')`
Super-classes	Residence^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value Person^c isOwnedBy^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	Dormitory^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheWhiteHouse

OfficialStandard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OfficialStandard`
Description	An 'OfficialStandard' is some Specification for how things should be done to achieve a goal at some desirable level, created by some authority, which is not necessarily a governmental body. This includes standards for weights and measures and standards created by standards bodies. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'standard' in WordNet: 1. (14) standard, criterion, measure, touchstone - (a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; 'the schools comply with federal standards'; 'they set the measure for all subsequent work')`
Super-classes	StandardSpec^c Rule^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some Authority^c

Officially^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Officially

Description

''Traditionally'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Action that is done as part of an ''Official''action, rule,or process..

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'officially' in WordNet:
          1. (2) officially - (in an official role; 'officially, he is in charge'; 
             'officially responsible')
          2. (1) formally, officially - (with official authorization; 
             'the club will be formally recognized')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Officiating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Officiating`
Description	Each ''Officiating'' is an instance of an agent ''PerformingSomeAction'', where the Action is performed by someone with some form of 'authority' (i.e. is an ''Authority''). This does not have to be a ''PublicOfficial'', it can be someone authorized to offciate at Events in a private group. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'officiate' in WordNet: 1. (4) officiate - (act in an official capacity in a ceremony or religious ritual, such as a wedding; 'Who officiated at your wedding?')`
Super-classes	PerformingSomeAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Authority^c

Offsetting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offsetting`
Description	''Offsetting'' is a ''Reduction'' of some effect in which some 'force' (something that causes an effect) compensates for another 'force' so as to reduce the effect of the first 'force'. The 'force' can be of any type and this is a very general concept. The compensation may not be complete, but should cause a significant reduction in the effect of the dominant force if not complete cancellation. For complete or close to complete cancellation of effects,use subtype ''BalancingForces''. This type implies the occurrence of two different Entities (called 'forces' here) that offset each other. But the specific kinds of forces that may offset each other are varied, and specifying the forces needs to be handled in subtypes. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'offset' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'countervail' in WordNet: 1. (5) offset, countervail - (compensate for or counterbalance; 'offset deposits and withdrawals') 2. (2) cancel, offset, set off - (make up for; 'His skills offset his opponent's superior strength')
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Impact^c
Sub-classes	BalancingForces^c Counteracting^c

Offshore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offshore`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'offshore' in Wordnet: 2. offshore - (at some distance from the shore; 'offshore oil reserves'; 'an offshore island')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Offspring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offspring`
Description	Each ''Offspring'' is a Group consisting of one or more ''BiologicalChild''s. This should represent all of a persons' ''BiologicalChild''s. `NOTE: the WN sense is the plural, a group of sons and daughters, but here it is used in the singular. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'offspring' in WordNet: 1. (3) offspring, progeny, issue - (the immediate descendants of a person; 'she was the mother of many offspring'; 'he died without issue')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only BiologicalChild^c

Offstage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Offstage

Description

''Offstage'' is an attribute of objects or events located on or occurring on some part of a ''StageForPerformances'' that is not visible to the audience. Places in the building that are not part of the ''StageForPerformances'' are not covered by this attribute.

       relate to 'isTypicallyLocatedAt'or 'occursAt'
      @ToDo  ??needs: isAnAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt   (for objects or actions)
       1. offstage - (situated or taking place in the area of a stage not visible to the audience;
           'offstage noises')
      offstage

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

OffstageArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OffstageArea`
Description	An ''OffstageArea'' is any of the parts of a ''StageForPerformances'' that are not visible to the audience. This is found only for places on a ''EndOfRoomStage'', rather than one in the center of a Room. 'in the wings' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'offstage' in WordNet: 1. (1) wing, offstage, backstage - (a stage area out of sight of the audience)`
Super-classes	Platform^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value StageForPerformances^c

Ogling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ogling

Description

''Ogling'' is a ''Looking'' in which a man looks at a woman with an intensity deriving from sexual interest.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ogle' in WordNet:
        1. (2) ogle - (look at with amorous intentions)

Super-classes Looking^c

Ogre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ogre`
Description	A ''Ogre'' is a Mythical creature, usually a giant but of varying size, depending on the specific tale, and usually evil in its desire to eat humans. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ogre' in Wordnet: 2. ogre - ((folklore) a giant who likes to eat human beings)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c SentientAnimal^c HumanScaleObject^c MythicalThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Evil^c

Oh^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oh

Description

A suddenly emitted phrase that sounds like a long 'o' and usually expressing surprise or a sudden realization of or insight about something.

     This can be the 'exclamation' which also has a meaning as an 'interjection'

    No sense in Wordnet.
    RHW 'oh': 
     interj.
     1.  (used as an expression of surprise, pain, disapprobation, etc.)
     2.  (used in direct address to attract the attention of the person spoken to): Oh, John, will you take these books?
(noun).
     3. the exclamation 'oh'

Super-classes Exclamation^c

Ohm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ohm

Description

SI electric resistance measure. It is the electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of 1 Volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of 1 Ampere, this conductor not being the force of any electromotive force. Ohm = V/A = m^2kgs^(-3)*A^(-2).

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ohm' in Wordnet:
       1. ohm - (a unit of electrical resistance equal to the resistance between 
       two points on a conductor when a potential difference of one volt between them produces a current of one ampere)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Oil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oil`
Description	An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType, and a specialization of #$OrganicStuff. Each instance of #$Oil is a portion of some type of typically viscous, primarily hydrophobic (i.e., not readily soluble in water) liquid hydrocarbon. Notable specializations of #$Oil include #$CookingOil, #$HeatingOil, and #$Petroleum-CrudeOil. `SUMO: A greasy, viscous Solution that cannot be mixed with Water. Note that this general class covers petroleum oil, vegetable oil, animal fat, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil' in WordNet: 1. (11) oil - (a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water)`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c Solution^c
Sub-classes	Parathion^c VegetableOil^c LubricatingOil^c HeatingOil^c Petroleum^c DryingOil^c

OilField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OilField`
Description	COSMO note: This is the physical land object that is part of the Earth's surface (a ''GeographicalArea'') under which is or is believed to be a PetroleumReservoir; it may have some overlying water (i.e. this can be land under the ocean.), therfore it is not necessarily a ''LandArea''.. The actual rock formations containing the petroleum is called a PetroleumReservoir in COSMO. The Restriction does not require that the PetroleumReservoir be reified for each instance of OilField. The broader included sense is some GeographicalArea that may have or is believed to have some useful quantity of Petroleum in the ground, sufficient to be worth the effort of exploring for it. If known producing fields need to be represented,that would be a subtype of this. Cyc: The collection of regions which are naturally rich in deposits of natural oil. #$OilField includes both developed and undeveloped oil fields. See also #$OilField-Developed, which is specialized for fields where oil wells are located, or natural oil is being commercially mined . #$JulieF 12/98. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil field' in WordNet: 1. (2) oilfield - (a region rich in petroleum deposits (especially one with producing oil wells))
Super-classes	LandArea^c GeographicalArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c hasPhysicalPart^op value PetroleumReservoir^c

OilRefinery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OilRefinery`
Description	CYC: The collection of places where #$Petroleum-CrudeOil is refined. Each instance of #$OilRefinery includes at least one or more distillation or absorption units that separate the crude oil into various compounds (see #$PetroleumProduct-Refined). But an #$OilRefinery will also be equiped with loading facilities for pumping the oil from trucks or ships, as well as office buildings for personnel. - Mark Willems, Dec 15, 1997. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil refinery' in WordNet: 1. oil refinery, petroleum refinery - (a refinery for petroleum)`
Super-classes	Refinery^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value PetroleumProduct-Refined^c consumesSubstance^op value Petroleum^c

OilRigger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OilRigger`
Description	Includes Terms not in WN in this sense: RHW 'roustabout': 4. any unskilled laborer working in an oil field. Cf. roughneck (def. 2). RHW 'roughneck': 2. any laborer working on an oil-drilling rig. Cf. roustabout (def. 4). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rigger' in WordNet: 3. rigger, oil rigger - (someone who works on an oil rig)`
Super-classes	Oilman^c ManualLaborer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DrillingForOil^c typicallyWorksAt^op value OilField^c

OilTanker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OilTanker`
Description	A ''OilTanker'' is a ''CargoShip'' that has as its primary design purpose the transport of crude oil (petroleum) or liquid petroleum products.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil tanker' in WordNet: 1. oil tanker, oiler, tanker, tank ship - (a cargo ship designed to carry crude oil in bulk)`
Super-classes	CargoShip^c
Sub-classes	NavalOiler^c

OilWell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OilWell`
Description	CYC: The collection of oil wells. It is possible to think of an #$OilWell as a hole in the ground that is used for extracting #$Petroleum-CrudeOil from some underground reservoir (cf. #$OilField). Most (if not all) #$OilWells are created by a #$DrillingSomething. Many #$OilWells are equiped with a #$Pump-Mechanical because the underground reservoir is not pressurized enough to push up the oil. And even though an oil field may have enough pressure at first, artificial lift devices are needed in later stages of production. `NOTE: this is a producing ''OilWell'' - a well drilled for oil that came up dry would be a 'dry well' (not yet represented) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil well' in WordNet: 1. (2) oil well, oiler - (a well that yields or has yielded oil)`
Super-classes	DrilledWell^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Petroleum^c

Oilcloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oilcloth`
Description	''Oilcloth'' is a Fabric having a woven cloth, coated on one side by a (relatively) waterproof substance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oilcloth' in WordNet: 1. (1) oilcloth - (cloth treated on one side with a drying oil or synthetic resin)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c Fabric^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c

Oiliness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oiliness`
Description	@ToDo: 'oiliness' and 'greasiness' should be different. 'Being Oily' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oiliness' in WordNet: 1. greasiness, oiliness, oleaginousness - (consisting of or covered with oil)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Greasy^c

Oilman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oilman`
Description	Any Person working in any aspect of the Petroleum exploration or extraction business. This includes anyone in management capacity or working in the oil field. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'oilman' in WordNet: 1. oilman - (a person who owns or operates oil wells) 2. oilman - (a worker who produces or sells petroleum)`
Super-classes	BusinessPerson^c
Sub-classes	Wildcatter^c OilRigger^c

Oink^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oink

Description

The 'oinking' sound made by a pig or hog. Includes n and v senses of 'oink' in Wordnet.

      CYC 'OinkingSound': An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a
        specialization of #$AnimalSound.  Each instance of
        #$OinkingSound is either an  oink -like sound emitted by a
        #$Pig, or an imitation of such a sound (e.g. the sound made
        by a human who is oinking like a pig).

     in WordNet:
       WN noun 'oink':
         1. grunt, oink - (the short low gruff noise of the kind made by hogs)
       WN verb 'oink':
          1. squeal, oink - (utter a high-pitched cry, characteristic of pigs)
       WN noun 'squeal':
          1. (1) squeal - (a high-pitched howl)

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Ointment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ointment`
Description	This ''ointment'' includes substances such as sunscreen lotion that are not soothing, but preventative of sunburn. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'ointment' in WordNet: 2. cream, ointment, emollient - (toiletry consisting of any of various substances in the form of a thick liquid that have a soothing and moisturizing effect when applied to the skin)`
Super-classes	ToiletrySubstance^c CoatingMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Sunscreen^c

Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Old`
Description	COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to things that were created - artificially or naturally - at a time before the present longer ago than the median lifetime of that kind of entity. This is a relative attribute, depending on the typical lifetime of the type that the attribute modifies. This is the most general 'old' attributeValue, and includes old people as well as old artifacts, old traditions, old civilizations. 'old-fashioned' is a subtype. NOTE that this does not refer to something that used to exist a while ago, but for things that are existing at the time that the ''Old'' property is asserted. See also ''Prehistoric'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'old' in WordNet: 1. (515) old - ((used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age; 'an old man's eagle mind' - William Butler Yeats; 'his mother is very old'; 'a ripe old age'; 'how old are you?') 2. (435) old - (of long duration; not new; 'old tradition'; 'old house'; 'old wine'; 'old country'; 'old friendships'; 'old money')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Vintage^c MiddleAged^c Antique^c Ancient^c Age-Old^c

OldFashioned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OldFashioned`
Description	'OldFashioned' is an AttributeValue attached to things that have been superseded in common use by more recent things; this applies to artifacts as well as manners, words, styles, and ways of thinking. This is an EvalutativeAttribute because certain communities may consider something old-fashioned while others may not. This attribute is relative to some community which considers the more recent usage to be most appropriate. This is not an attribute of people who have old-fashioned ideas. In COSMO one may that a person has old-fashioned beliefs or ideas, and that would express the notion of that person being 'old-fashioned'. `Corrresponds to the only adjective sense of 'old-fashioned' and of 'outmoded', and sense 2 of 'antique' in WordNet: 1. (1) antique, demode, ex, old-fashioned, old-hat, outmoded, passe, passee - (out of fashion; 'a suit of rather antique appearance'; 'demode (or outmoded) attire'; 'outmoded ideas') WN adj 'nonmodern': 1. nonmodern - (not modern; of or characteristic of an earlier time)`
Super-classes	Superseded^c EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	TraditionalCultural^c

OldHuman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OldHuman`
Description	A specialization of #$HomoSapiens. Each instance of this collection is a person more than 60 years of age. This collection is disjoint with #$YoungHuman - the collection of persons less than 35 years of age. `For COSMO 'old' will be 65+ and 'middle-aged' will be 45-64 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'old person' in WordNet: 1. (2) oldster, old person, senior citizen, golden ager -- (an elderly person)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elderly^c
Sub-classes	Curmudgeon^c Witch^c Spinster^c

OldTestament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OldTestament`
Description	The ''NewTestament'' is the abstract content of that part of the ''Bible'' that is considered sacred to both Judaism and to Christianity. Here this is equivalent to the 'Tanakh', the Hebrew term for this abstract content (which is independent of language) that is sacred to Judaism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Old Testament' in WordNet: 1. (5) Old Testament - (the collection of books comprising the sacred scripture of the Hebrews and recording their history as the chosen people; the first half of the Christian Bible) WN noun 'Tanakh': 1. Tanakh, Tanach, Hebrew Scripture - (the Jewish scriptures which consist of three divisions - the Torah and the Prophets and the Writings)`
Super-classes	Scripture^c
Restrictions	isSacredTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christianity^c isSacredTo^op value ChristianGroup^c isSacredTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judaism^c isaProperPartOf^op value Bible^c

OldTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OldTime

Description

''OldTime'' is an attribute of something with a property that was more common in some earlier time - usually more than seventy years ago.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'old-time' in Wordnet:
         1. old-time, quaint, olde worlde - (attractively old-fashioned 
           (but not necessarily authentic); 'houses with quaint thatched roofs';
           'a vaulted roof supporting old-time chimney pots')

Super-classes Unusual^c

OldWorldBuffalo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OldWorldBuffalo`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'old world buffalo' in WordNet: 1. Old World buffalo, buffalo - (any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo; Cape buffalo)`
Super-classes	Bovid^c
Sub-classes	WaterBuffalo^c CapeBuffalo^c

Older^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Older`
Description	'Older' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some object or process an Age that is higher (relative to some reference Object). 'elder' with names usually is prefixed by 'the' 'John Jones the elder'. This is a simple comparative and does not include the notion of 'being old'. For 'being old' use ''Aged'. Includes part of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'older' in WordNet: 1. (11) aged, elderly, older, senior - (advanced in years; ('aged' is pronounced as two syllables); 'aged members of the society'; 'elderly residents could remember the construction of the first skyscraper'; 'senior citizen') 2. (3) elder, older, sr. - (used of the older of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a father from his son; 'Bill Adams, Sr.')
Super-classes	ComparativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Senescent^c Elderly^c Mellowed^c Aged^c Eldest^c

Oleoresin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oleoresin`
Description	A ''Oleoresin'' is a ''NaturalResin'' is a ''Resin'' that is produed by a ''Plant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oleoresin' in WordNet: 1. oleoresin - (a naturally occurring mixture of a resin and an essential oil; obtained from certain plants)`
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c NaturalResin^c
Sub-classes	Balsam^c

Olive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Olive`
Description	A Fruit that grows on an OliveTree. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'olive' in WordNet: 1. olive - (small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c Ovoid^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value OliveTree^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.0^c

OliveOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OliveOil`
Description	Oil prepared from olives and used in cooking and as a condiment in foods, and as a vehicle in medicines: `From RHW: an oil expressed from the olive fruit, used in cooking, in salad dressings, in medicine, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'olive oil' in WordNet: 1. olive oil - (oil from olives)`
Super-classes	VegetableOil^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Olive^c mayFillTheRoleOf^op value SaladDressing^c

OliveOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OliveOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	OliveTree^c

OliveTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OliveTree`
Description	Individual olive trees. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'olive' in WordNet: 2. olive, European olive tree, Olea europaea - (evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits)`
Super-classes	OliveOrder^c FruitTree^c EvergreenPlant^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Olive^c

Olivine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Olivine

Description

       RHW: Mineral. any of a group of magnesium iron silicates, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4,
           occurring in olive-green to gray-green masses as an important constituent
           of basic igneous rocks.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'olivine' in Wordnet:
          1. olivine - (a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium)

Super-classes Mineral^c

Olympic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Olympic

Description

''Olympic'' refers to the OlympicGames and medals and events included in those games, and people participating: 'olympic medal winner' 'Olympic champion

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Olympic' in WordNet:
             1. (4) Olympic - (of or relating to the Olympic Games; "Olympic winners")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

OlympicGames^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OlympicGames

Description

COSMO: The OlympicGames are classified as a Type of Event, not a 'Sport' which is a specification for how to play a game. Each instance of OlympicGames is the full set of sports Events from opening to closing ceremonies.

       Cyc: The international athletic competition held every
        four years.

        SUMO: A sports event where athletes from various countries 
        compete against one another.  The Olympics are now held every two years, either in 
        the winter or the summer.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Olympic Games' in WordNet:
            1. (2) Olympic Games, Olympics, Olympiad - (the modern revival of the ancient games 
              held once every 4 years in a selected country)

Super-classes InternationalSportsCompetition^c

Omelette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Omelette`
Description	An instance of #$DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType. Each instance of #$Omelette is a dish consisting of #$ScrambledEggs with some type of filling and/or topping - often instances of #$Meat, #$Vegetable-Food, and/or #$Cheese. `This is an Object, not a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'omelet' in WordNet: 1. omelet, omelette - (beaten eggs or an egg mixture cooked until just set; may be folded around e.g. ham or cheese or jelly)`
Super-classes	CourseOfAMeal^c FoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value ScrambledEggs^c

Omen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Omen`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'omen' in WordNet: 1. (3) omen, portent, presage, prognostic, prognostication, prodigy - (a sign of something about to happen; 'he looked for an omen before going into battle')`
Super-classes	Sign^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Predicting^c isaSignOf^op value FutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	Auspice^c

Ominous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ominous`
Description	''Ominous'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of Events or Objects that will typically cause Fear (Fright) in a Person by virtue of suggesting some damaging event to come. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ominous' in Wordnet: 1. (10) baleful, forbidding, menacing, minacious, minatory, ominous, sinister, threatening - (threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments; 'a baleful look'; 'forbidding thunderclouds'; 'his tone became menacing'; 'ominous rumblings of discontent'; 'sinister storm clouds'; 'a sinister smile'; 'his threatening behavior'; 'ugly black clouds'; 'the situation became ugly')`
Super-classes	Frightening^c
Sub-classes	LifeThreatening^c Peremptory^c

Omission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Omission`
Description	An ''Omission'' is an ''Absence'' (in something produced by an Action) that results from some ''SkippingOverSomething'' Action. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'omission' in WordNet: 1. (2) omission, skip - (a mistake resulting from neglect) 2. (1) omission - (something that has been omitted; "she searched the table for omissions")`
Super-classes	Absence^c Outcome^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value SkippingOverSomething^c

Omnivore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Omnivore`
Description	A specialization of #$Heterotroph (q.v.) and an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType. Instances of #$Omnivore are those animals whose natural diets consist of both plants (or plant parts or plant-derived products) and animals (or animal parts or animal-derived products). Thus a human vegetarian is still omnivorous, since meat is part of our natural diet. Specializations of this collection include #$Pig, #$Bear, and #$Person. See also #$Herbivore and #$Carnivore. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'omnivore' in WordNet: 2. omnivore - (an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances)`
Super-classes	Heterotroph^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Omnivorous^c
Sub-classes	Bear^c PigFamily^c HouseMouse^c

Omnivorous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Omnivorous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'omnivorous' in Wordnet: 1. omnivorous - (feeding on both plants and animals)`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c

On-OffButton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#On-OffButton`
Description	Each On-OffButton is a button that turns a powered device on an off in the manner of a toggle. It is usually found on electrical devices but some wind-up devices may have on-off buttons also
Super-classes	ControlButton^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf some SelfPoweredDevice^c

On-OffSwitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#On-OffSwitch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'on-off switch' in WordNet: 1. toggle switch, toggle, on-off switch, on/off switch - (a hinged switch that can assume either of two positions)`
Super-classes	ElectricalSwitch^c
Restrictions	controls^op value ElectricCurrent^c

On-Screen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#On-Screen

Description

This ''On-Screen'' characterizes things that are ''Visible' on a screen displaying some images, usually a ''MovieShowing'' or the images on a video display, such as a TV program. This is used to contrast with actions that may take place within the studio where a Movie is fled or a Television show is being broadast, but are not visible in the Movie or broadcast.

     Includes both senses in RHW.

      RHW 'on-screen':
       1. occurring within a motion picture or television show or in an actor's 
           professional life: a raucous on-screen personality that was at odds with 
           his quiet private life.
       2.  displayed on a television screen; supplied by means of television: 
           an on-screen course in economics.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

On-site^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#On-site

Description

''On-site'' is used to characterize various activities that occur at a location that is relative to the context of usage - for a business enterprise, an ''On-site'' meeting will be held on the property of the enterprise whereas an ''Off-site''meeting would be at another location, owned by a different Agent, or sometimes a location remote from the usual working place but owned by the same enterprise.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'on-site' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) on-site - (taking place or located at the site; 'on-site inspection')

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

OnDuty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnDuty`
Description	'OnDuty' is the state of a ''Person'', who has some regularly schedued duty, and is now working at that task.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OnHand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnHand

Description

''OnHand'' is an attribute of Objects (Physical or Abstract) that are 'readily' available, typically meaning within or accessible from the same building as the Person to whom they are available. For Merchants, this is approximately the same as 'in inventory'. 'the store has three boxes on hand'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'on hand' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) on hand - (readily available; 'there will be a wealth of information 
                on hand from the lawyers')

Super-classes Available^c

OnLine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnLine

Description

''OnLine'' is a specialization of 'Available' meaning that the object or service thus characterized is either a Computer that is connected to a ''ComputerNetwork'' or a file located in a computer connected to the Internet (especially a ''WebBasedServer'').

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'on-line' in WordNet:
          2. on-line - (connected to a computer network or accessible by computer;
            'an on-line database')

Super-classes Available^c

OnOppositeSides^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnOppositeSides

Description

''OnOppositeSides'' characterizes two PhysicalObjects that are each located adjacent to and separated by some third Object (which is located ''BetweenTwoObjects''). This is most easily visualized as Objects on opposite sides of a street or Ocean

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'opposite' in Wordnet:
           1. (9) opposite - (being directly across from each other; facing;
               'And I on the opposite shore will be, ready to ride and spread the alarm'- Longfellow; 
               'we lived on opposite sides of the street'; 'at opposite poles')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OnceUponaTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnceUponaTime

Description

''OnceUponaTime'' is an indefinite ''PastTimeInterval'' used in several senses, most commonly as an introductory phrase in fictional stories, especially for children (e.g. fairy tales).

   The phrase 'there was a time when' means the same thing,but is
     more commonly used to compare or contrast prior practices in the real world
        to current ones.

Super-classes PastTimeInterval^c

One-Armedbandit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-Armedbandit`
Description	A ''One-Armedbandit'' is a ''SlotMachine'' used for gambling. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one-armed bandit' in WordNet: 1. slot, one-armed bandit - (a slot machine that is used for gambling; 'they spend hours and hours just playing the slots')`
Super-classes	SlotMachine^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Slot^c

One-Day^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-Day`
Description	''One-Day'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''OneDay'' or of Actions that take ''OneDay''
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

One-Hour^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-Hour`
Description	''One-Hour'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''OneHour'' or of Actions that take ''OneHour''
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

One-Person^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-Person`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one-person' in Wordnet: 1. one-man, one-person, one-woman - (designed for or restricted to a single person; 'a one-man show'; 'a one-person tent')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

One-Sided^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-Sided

Description

''One-Sided'' is the property of any Action that is performed by only one ''IntelligentAgent'' (Person or Organization) (i.e. a ''SingleDoerAction''). For 'unilateral' referring to Actions performed on one side of a PhysicalObject, ''Unilateral''.

         Corresponds to part (for Actions) of adjective sense 1 of 'one-sided' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) unilateral, one-sided - (involving only one part or side; 
               'unilateral paralysis'; 'a unilateral decision')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

One-TimePayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-TimePayment`
Description	''One-TimePayment'' is a ''PayingWithMoney'' that is an alternative to a ''PayingPeriodically''. A ''One-TimePayment'' accomplishes the same reqirement as a ''PayingPeriodically'' for some interval of time, but occurs only once. The total of a ''One-TimePayment'' may be the same as the sum of ''One-TimePayment''s for the period covered, but may be less, if the provider of the service chooses to create an incentive for a ''One-TimePayment''. and may be more (as with pension paymets), if the provider of the payment chooses to create an incentive for a ''One-TimePayment''
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c PayingWithMoney^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Once^c

One-Week^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-Week

Description

''One-Week'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for one week, or plans that specify Events over the course of one week. 'a one-week refresher course'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weeklong' in Wordnet:
           1. weeklong, seven-day - (lasting through a week; "her weeklong vacation")

Super-classes LastingForSomeTime^c

One-Year^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-Year

Description

''OneYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for one year, or plans that specify Events over the course of one year.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one-year' in Wordnet:
         1. annual, one-year - (completing its life cycle within a year; 
             "a border of annual flowering plants")

Super-classes LastingForSomeTime^c

One-time^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-time

Description

''One-time'' is the attribute some Event (usually an action) that occurs only once, as contrasted with Events that occur multiple times, such as ''ReiterativeActionSeries'', ''CyclicEventSeries'', ''ActionSeries'', ''RoutineAction'', or ''BroadcastSeries''.

       NO WN adjective for this - WN adverb 'once' is related.
       RHW adj'one-time':
        2.  occurring, done, or accomplished only once: his one-time try at elective office.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

One-way^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#One-way`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one-way' in Wordnet: 1. one-way - (moving or permitting movement in one direction only; 'one-way streets'; 'a one-way ticket')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OneAM^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneAM`
Description	''OneAM'' is the class of TimeIntervals that begin and end at 1:00 AM the same day.
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c

OneBite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneBite`
Description	''OneBite'' is a ''Mouthful'' of ''SolidFood''. `For liquid or semiliquid foods, the parent type 'Mouthful' might be more appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bite' in WordNet: 2. (1) morsel, bit, bite (a small amount of solid food; a mouthful; 'all they had left was a bit of bread')`
Super-classes	Mouthful^c
Restrictions	isaMeasureOf^op value SolidFood^c
Sub-classes	Nibble^c

OneDimensionalGeometricThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneDimensionalGeometricThing`
Description	A #$ShapeType and a specialization of both #$LinearObject and #$GeometricallyDescribableThing (qq.v.). #$OneDimensionalGeometricThing is the collection of all geometrically-decribable spatial things that have only one dimension - i.e. whose only relevant dimension is length (see #$lengthOfObject). This includes straight lines, (simple) curved lines, line segments, physical lines, and abstract (i.e. geometrical) lines. Note that in some cases a given object might be deemed to be one-, two-, or three-dimensional, depending upon the context. For instance, a thin piece of wire might be treated as one-dimensional in some contexts, due to the fact that its diameter or thickness is many orders of magnitude smaller than its length. Yet in another, smaller scale context the wire might be treated as cylindrical, and thus three-dimensional. Specializations of this collection include #$LinearObject-Straight and #$LinePortion. Cf. #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing and #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing.
Super-classes	ShapedThing^c LinearObject^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c
Sub-classes	Line^c

OneDollarBill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneDollarBill`
Description	A ''OneDollarBill' is a CurrencyBill that has a value of one US dollar. Other currency dollar notes will have a different label.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one dollar bill' in WordNet: 1. dollar, dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam - (a piece of paper money worth one dollar)`
Super-classes	CurrencyBill^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneDollar^c

OneGram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneGram`
Description	A measure equal to one gram, the SI unit of mass.
Super-classes	MassMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1^c hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#grams^c

OneOnOne^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOnOne

Description

''OneOnOne'' is person-to-person (as opposed to team vs. team or one to many, as in classroom Teaching).. The two WN senses might be differentiated.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one-on-one' in Wordnet:
          1. one-on-one - (directly between two individuals; 'one-on-one instruction')
          2. one-on-one, man-to-man - (being a system of play in which an individual defensive player 
             guards an individual offensive player;  'one-on-one defense')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OneOrHigherDimensionalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOrHigherDimensionalThing`
Description	A #$SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality and a specialization of #$SpatialThing, each instance of which is either a one- or two- or three- (or higher-) dimensional spatial object. Examples include tangible or intangible spatially-localized dimensional objects, such as the edge of a tabletop, the surface of the tabletop, and the table itself, as well as abstract geometrical objects that are at least one-dimensional, such as a Platonic circle or cube. Specializations of this collection include #$ExtendedSpaceRegion, #$ShapedThing, and #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing.
Super-classes	SpatialThing^c
Sub-classes	LinearObject^c ShapedThing^c OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion^c TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c

OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion`
Description	A ''OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion'' is a spatial region including lines and surfaces but nothingnof higher dimension - no volumes.
Super-classes	OneOrHigherDimensionalThing^c
Sub-classes	SpaceLine-Empirical^c SpacePoint-Empirical^c

OnePace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePace

Description

''OnePace'' is a verbal UnitOfMeasure that is equal to the distance covered by one ''Footstep'' (usually for a person). his will vary with the person and rate of walking.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pace' in WordNet:
        2. (6) footstep, pace, step, stride - (the distance covered by a step;
        'he stepped off ten paces from the old tree and began to dig')

Super-classes UnitOfLength^c

OnePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePerson`
Description	A ''OnePerson'' is a single ''Person'' specifically defined as being only one Person. This is an example of a ''Group'' that has only one component element.
Super-classes	Person^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CARD_1^c hasComponentElement^op value Person^c

OnePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePoint`
Description	''OnePoint'' is a quantity of one point aquired by one ''ScoringPoints'' Action, as in a ''ScoringaRun'' in Baseball..
Super-classes	GamePoints^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 1^c

OnePulse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePulse`
Description	''OnePulse'' is an Event that occurs inside the body of an Animal (most saliently in a Person) that can be detected as a brief internal ''BodySensation''. Examples are a single HeartBeat, or one pulse of a 'plsating headache'.
Super-classes	BodySensation^c FunctionalEvent^c PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value AnimalBodyPart^c

OneUp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneUp

Description

Being ''OneUp'' is being ''Ahead'' in a Contest by one point or some similar small measure.

        RHW 'one up':
          1. having gained an advantage in some way that betokens success, esp. over rivals.
          2. leading an opponent by one point or one scoring unit:
               The home team was one up on the visitors.

Super-classes Ahead^c

OneUpping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneUpping`
Description	''OneUpping'' is an Action in which one Competitor becomes slightly ahead of the opposing competitor. `RHW 'one-up': to get the better of; succeed in being a point, move, step, etc., ahead of (someone): They one-upped the competition.`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	causes^op value BeingOneUp^c

OneYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneYear^c

Onerous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Onerous

Description

''Onerous'' is a more intense degree of ''Effortful' for duties imposing substantial psychological concern.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'onerous' in Wordnet:
          1. burdensome, onerous, taxing - (not easily borne; wearing; 
             'the burdensome task of preparing the income tax return'; 
             'my duties weren't onerous; I only had to greet the guests'; 'a taxing schedule')

Super-classes Effortful^c

Ongoing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ongoing

Description

''Ongoing'' is the attribute of an Event or Process that proceeded in the immediate past and has not stopped as of the time the attribute was asserted. 'The parade was still ongoing when the Mayor left' 'continuing education'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ongoing' and sense 1
         of 'continung'  in WordNet:
        1. ongoing, on-going - (currently happening; 'an ongoing economic crisis')
     WN adj  'Continuing':
       1. (7) continuing - (remaining in force or being carried on without letup;
          'the act provided a continuing annual appropriation'; 
          'the continuing struggle to put food on the table')
    WN adj 'underway':
      1. (9) afoot, underway - (currently in progress; 'there is mischief afoot'; 
          'plans are afoot'; 'preparations for the trial are underway')

Super-classes Existing^c

Onion-Bulb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Onion-Bulb`
Description	An individual onion taken from the ''OnionPlant'' to be used as a food; the bulb of the onion plant, whether young as in the subtype ''Scallion'' or enlarged and round, being the food object typically called 'an onion'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'onion' in WordNet: 1. onion - (edible bulb of an onion plant)`
Super-classes	Bulb-ThePlantPart^c LayeredObject^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value OnionPlant^c isTheFruitOfa^op value OnionPlant^c wasaPartOf^op value OnionPlant^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Onions^c
Sub-classes	Scallion^c

OnionPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnionPlant`
Description	Individual onion plants. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'onion' in WordNet: 2. onion, onion plant, Allium cepa - (bulbous plant having hollow leaves cultivated worldwide for its rounded edible bulb)`
Super-classes	CropPlant^c Species^c Vegetable-Plant^c LilyOrder^c AlliaceousPlant^c
Sub-classes	ShallotPlant^c

Onions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Onions`
Description	In cyc called 'Onion-Foodstuff'. Note that this is a substance: an individual Onion is represented by 'Onion'. `NOTE that this substance is usually a collection of pieces of onions, so it does not have an 'Onion' as its unit object. Cyc: 'Onion-Foodstuff'; Foodstuff from the edible bulb of the onion plant. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'onion' in WordNet: 3. onion - (an aromatic flavorful bulb)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c LachrymationInducingStuff^c
Sub-classes	Scallions^c

OnlineEncyclopedia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnlineEncyclopedia`
Description	An 'Encyclopedia' that is maintained on one or more Internet sites.
Super-classes	Encyclopedia^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OnLine^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wikipedia

Onlooker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Onlooker`
Description	An 'Onlooker' is an 'Observer' who was intentionally observing an Action in person, near the site of the Action, but was not a participant in the Action that was observed; this disjointness can only be applied to participants in a specific Event, as a Person can be a participant in one Event and an onlooker in another. This includes casual viewing of near or remote events such as television programs or other entertainment, as well as any member of an audience viewing an Event directly from a nearby location. For someone who looks on and participates one can use 'Observer' along with 'hasParticipant'; for some actions, onc can participate without actually observing (e.g. listening in on a video conference), so there is no necessary connection. NOTE that an 'Onlooker' only becomes a COSMO 'Witness' if s/he informs someone else of what was observed. The English word 'witness' is ambiguous between being or not being an Informant. Includes sense 1 of 'onlooker' and sense 2 of 'witness' and sense 1 of 'spectator' and sense 1 of 'viewer' in WordNet: WN noun 'onlooker': 1. (3) onlooker, looker-on - (someone who looks on) WN noun 'witness': 2. (3) spectator, witness, viewer, watcher, looker - (a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind); 'the spectators applauded the performance'; 'television viewers'; 'sky watchers discovered a new star')
Super-classes	Observer^c
Sub-classes	CasualBrowser^c Voyeur^c Eyewitness^c

Onomatopoeia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Onomatopoeia`
Description	A ''Onomatopoeia'' is a ''RhetoricalManeuver'' RHW 'onomatopoeia': 1. the formation of a word, as cuckoo or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent. 2. a word so formed. 3. Rhet. the use of imitative and naturally suggestive words for rhetorical effect. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'onomatopoeia' in WordNet: 1. onomatopoeia - (using words that imitate the sound they denote)`
Super-classes	RhetoricalManeuver^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Word^c uses^op value Similarity^c

OnsetOfAnAilment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnsetOfAnAilment`
Description	The ''OnsetOfAnAilment'' is the first temporal part of some ''AilmentCondition''. For a sudden onset use ''AttackOfAnAilment''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'onset' in WordNet: 1. (42) onset, oncoming - (the beginning or early stages; 'the onset of pneumonia')`
Super-classes	BeginningOfAnEvent^c PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op some (AilmentCondition^c)
Sub-classes	AttackOfAnAilment^c

Onstage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Onstage

Description

''Onstage'' is an attribute of objects or events located on or occurring on a ''StageForPerformances''.

       relate to 'isTypicallyLocatedAt'or 'occursAt'
      @ToDo  ??needs: isAnAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt   (for objects or actions)

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'onstage' in Wordnet:
         1. onstage - (situated or taking place on the area of a stage visible to the audience)

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

Ontology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ontology`
Description	An Ontology, as used in this classification, is a Group of Assertions ('axioms') describing an arrangement of terms in data structures, and representing a structured system of concepts that constitute a theory of something. The Axioms in an ''Ontology'' must be coherent, i.e. they must be consistent with every other ''Axiom'' in the Ontology, or any combination of axioms, as verified by a theorem prover. An Ontology is a logical description of some ''PossibleWorld''. Different ''Ontology''s will describe different ''PossibleWorld''s, which can be very small or very large. The difference between an ontology and a general notion of some field is the precise definition of the meanings of the relations between the component parts of the ontology. An ontology includes: (1) a set of Types arranged in an inheritance taxonomy; (2) individual things that are instances of those Types; (3) formal Relations specifying how the Types are related to each other, how instances of Types may be related to each other, and what Types and instances may be related by which formal Relations; (4) logical rules that provide more detailed descriptions of the meanings of the types and relations; (5)a subclass of rules that specifically restrict the usage of relations ('restrictions'). An ontology may have 'functions', relations that 'return' (can be replaced by) instances of the types. and may have multipe-arity relations, depending on the expressivity of the logic that forms the bass for the ontology. Ontologies based on OWL (as is the COSMO ontology) have neither functions nor multipe-arity relations. This restriction is accepted at this first stage of ontology development to allow efficient proof of the coherence (internal consistency) of the ontology. In one sense, an Ontology may be a BeliefSystem for whatever Agent actually considers the Ontology close enough to reality to be worth using for practical purposes. But not every Ontology is such a BeliefSystem, so we do not create the formal link to 'BeliefSystem' at this point. CYC: The collection of organized conceptual structures in which types of things form a generalization hierarchy and in which properties are defined to hold between instances of the types of things. An example is the the #$Cyc ontology. NOTE: the WordNet 'ontology' is the branch of metaphysics, but this type is specifically for a Ontology suitable for reasoning. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'ontology' in WordNet, in that this type includes data structures suitable for automated logical inference i.e. a computational ontology, such as this one ('COSMO'): in WordNet: 1. ontology - (the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existence)
Super-classes	KnowledgeClassificationSystem^c SemanticNetwork^c Theory^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Axiom^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#COSMO http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpenCyc

Oops^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oops

Description

''Oops'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing surprise and disappointment at having made a mistake of some kind.

    RHW: oops  interj.:
        (used to express mild dismay, chagrin, surprise, etc., as at one's own mistake,
        a clumsy act, or social blunder.)

Super-classes Exclamation^c

Op-EdArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Op-EdArticle`
Description	An''Op-EdArticle'' is the physical part of an ''Op-EdPage'' in a ''NewspaperCopy'' that contains one 'op-ed' Article. `No WN sense for 'op-ed'`
Super-classes	ArticleCopy^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Op-EdPage^c

Op-EdPage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Op-EdPage`
Description	An ''Op-EdPage'' is a ''NewspaperPage'' that appears on the page opposite the 'editorial page' in some ''NewspaperCopy''. This contains opinion pieces from columnists and comments from readers. The op-ed articles can be contained in space more or less than one full page.
Super-classes	NewspaperPage^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value NewspaperCopy^c

Opal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opal`
Description	The mineral (''stone'') substance 'opal', that is a translucent milky white with various kinds of inclusions that cause a multicolored appearance, varying with the angle at which it is viewed. `The WN synset gloss suggests it is a 'mineral' (a substance), but the entry has 'gemstone' as a parent. The WN synset will be used for both senses. Corresponds to part (for the mneral substance) of noun sense 1 of 'opal' in WordNet: 1. opal - (a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones)`
Super-classes	Stone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Translucent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Opalescent^c

OpalGem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpalGem`
Description	A polished piece of the substance 'opal', stone that is milky with various kinds of inclusions that cause a multicolored appearance, varying with the angle at which it is viewed. This corresponds to sense 3 of 'opal' in RHW: 1. a mineral, an amorphous form of silica, SiO2 with some water of hydration, found in many varieties and colors, including a form that is milky white. 2. an iridescent variety of this that is used as a gem. 3. a gem of this. The WN synset gloss suggests it is a 'mineral' (a substance), but the entry has 'gemstone' as a parent. The WN synset will be used for both senses. Corresponds to part (for the gemstone) of noun sense 1 of 'opal' in WordNet: 1. opal - (a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones)
Super-classes	Gemstone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Opalescent^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Opal^c

Opalescent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opalescent

Description

''Opalescent'' is a special kind of ''MultiColored'' in which the Object appears to have a different color depending on the angle from which it is viewed, but differing from ''Iridescent'' in that the light penetrates into the object,and the colors come from inside, muted by an overall 'milky'' appearance of the object. Similar to what is seen in 'opal'

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'iridescent' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) iridescent, nacreous, opalescent, opaline, pearlescent -
           (having a play of lustrous rainbow-like colors; 
           'an iridescent oil slick'; 'nacreous (or pearlescent) clouds 
           looking like mother-of-pearl'; 'a milky opalescent (or opaline) luster')

Super-classes MultiColored^c

Opaque^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opaque

Description

The attribute of being Opaque, i.e. of not permitting light to pass through. Specifying this can be useful in rendering objects in images, but perhaps it should be the default?

    NOTE that this is a ColorAttribute, and objects and substances
     can possess this attribute while also possessing other 
     color attributes.

    COSMO note:  Opacity is an attribute only of objects
    that have a certain size, or of solid substances; at molecular
    dimensions, almost nothing will absorb all of the light impinging on it.

    Cyc comment:  #$Opaque is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a
        specific degree of #$Transparency.  #$Opaque objects do not
        transmit light.  See also #$transparencyOfObject.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'opaque' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) opaque - (not clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or 
         radiant energy; 'opaque windows of the jail'; 'opaque to X-rays')

Super-classes ColorAttribute^c

OpaqueObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpaqueObject`
Description	COSMO note: Opacity is an attribute only of objects that have a certain size; at molecular dimensions, almost nothing will absorb all of the light impinging on it. Cyc comment: #$Opaque is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Opaque objects do not transmit light. See also #$transparencyOfObject.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	PavedSurface^c SmokeObject^c PaperObject^c DustCloud^c BiologicalLivingObject^c Brick^c AnimalBody^c ClothingItem^c

OpaqueSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpaqueSubstance`
Description	COSMO note: Opacity is an attribute only of objects that have a certain size, or of substances that by definition have some minimum size; at molecular dimensions, almost nothing will absorb all of the light impinging on it.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	GenericInk^c Ink^c Pigment^c Soil^c Cream-Generic^c

Open^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Open`
Description	An AttributeValue only of Portals that have no barrier to things passing through, or to PortalCoverings that are in a position such that they do not block passage through the portal, or to Containers that have a portal that is not blocked to entry or exit. This also includes paths that are not blocked, as in roads or pipes (this is a distinguishable subsense @ToDo - add whenever needed). This is the most general sense of 'open'. Oher senses such as a path that is 'open for passage' or a building whiose doors are not locked, or a location that is 'open to the public' - still need to be created as separate senses.@ToDo. `ToDo: 'open' relative to a lock? Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'open' in WordNet: 1. (34) open, unfastened - (affording unobstructed entrance and exit; not shut or closed; 'an open door'; 'they left the door open') 2. (17) open - (affording free passage or access; 'open drains'; 'the road is open to traffic'; 'open ranks')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Wide-open^c

Open-Air^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Open-Air`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'open-air' in Wordnet: 1. alfresco, open-air - (in the open air; 'an alfresco lunch'; 'an open-air theater')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Open-Ended^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Open-Ended`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'open-ended' in Wordnet: 1. (1) open-ended - (without fixed limits or restrictions; 'an open-ended discussion')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OpenArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpenArea`
Description	An outdoor space, exposed to the sky, where things can move unimpeded in any direction for some distance greater than the area of a room (more than 10 square meters). As big as a nationalparkor assmal as a courtyard in a city surrounded by a multistorey building./////// `Trees can be present, and do not count against the notion of being 'exposed to the sky'.`
Super-classes	LandArea^c
Sub-classes	OutdoorRecreationArea^c

OpenExpanse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpenExpanse`
Description	This could refer to an Area, as on land of sea or in the Air. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'expanse' in WordNet: 3. expanse - (a wide and open space or area as of surface or land or sky)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wide^c

OpenMinded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpenMinded

Description

Receptive to new ideas, even if those ideas contradict a Person's present beliefs or feelings.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'open-minded' in Wordnet:
       1. open-minded - (ready to entertain new ideas; 'an open-minded curiosity'; 
          'open-minded impartiality')
     WN adjective 'receptive':
       1. (1) receptive - (open to arguments, ideas, or change; 
             'receptive to reason and the logic of facts')

Super-classes Receptive^c
Curious^c

OpenSidedSupportingObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpenSidedSupportingObjectType`
Description	A ''OpenSidedSupportingObjectType'' is a ''SupportingObject'' whose side are 'open', i.e. do not have solid vertical barriers to keep supported objects from falling off. Beds and some flat-bed vehicles are included.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
Members	Bed Scooter Wagon HospitalBed Wheelchair

OpenTopContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpenTopContainer`
Description	A container artifact that is designed to hold objects or fluids, and has an opening at the top that is a substantial fraction of the maximum width. and is not designed to be stoppered firmly, as by a cap- but it may be closed temporarily for shipping as in a ''Bag'' that is sewn shut. This is mostly for cups, glasses, and vases, but can also include carafes that have top openings narrower than the maximum width. It also includes steins and cups and pails that have lids that are fit only by gravity on the top. The notion of 'open top' means that it is used when the lid (if any) is not on it. `However, Jars with screw-on lids are not included (how to distinguish?). One unique specialization of OpenTopContainer is the LowerCrust of a Pie, which may or may not have a lid (the UpperCrust).`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Sub-classes	PuttingGreenCup^c CoalCar^c Bag^c BirdBath^c Manger^c LitterBox^c Bucket^c Bowl-Generic^c DustPan^c Scuttle^c Flowerpot^c SandBox^c DrinkingVessel^c Drawer^c Pail^c LowerCrust^c Pan^c

Opener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opener`
Description	An ''Opener'' is a ''HandTool'' designed for opening containers such as cans or bottles. This includes but is not restricted to can openers, bottle openers, and letter openers. In CYC this is a 'PoweredDevice'' but in COSMO it is a ''HandTool' which may or may not be powered. `CYC 'Opener-Device': The collection of all devices used to open things, especially containers. Specs include #$ManualCanOpener, #$ElectricCanOpener and #$LetterOpener. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'opener' in WordNet: 3. opener - (a hand tool used for opening sealed containers (bottles or cans))`
Super-classes	HandTool^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value OpeningSomething^c
Sub-classes	BottleOpener^c

Opening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opening`
Description	Any space, penetrating a PhysicalObject, or between two objects, that could serve as a path for something. This is a very general concept, including gaps between mountains and the perforations on the top of a pepper shaker. It also includes ''Portal''s into open-air locations such as ''ParkingLot''s. `Note that this penetrates a single completely,so a ''Hole'' that goes partway into an object is not a subtype. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opening' and sense 2 of 'gap' in WordNet: 1. (5) opening, gap - (an open or empty space in or between things; 'there was a small opening between the trees'; 'the explosion made a gap in the wall')`
Super-classes	Path-Simple^c PhysicalFeature^c Path-Spatial^c
Sub-classes	Cavity^c Laceration^c Portal^c FingerHole^c KeyHole^c VolcanicCrater^c PuttingGreenCup^c EyeHole^c Incision^c Breach^c Aperture^c PiercedHole^c ElectricCircuitGap^c

OpeningAContainerArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningAContainerArtifact`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which an #$isa #$ContainerArtifact is opened by an Agent. NOTE that the #$ContainerArtifact is the #$objectOfStateChange, and that each such object has at least one portal, presumably with a portal covering. So #$OpeningAContainerArtifact means removing the portal covering from the portal (one of the portals) of a container product. The portal of a container product can be either explicitly marked (as with an 'open this end' notice on a box), or implicit but conventionally understood (as with the top or lid of a tin can)
Super-classes	OpeningSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some ContainerArtifact^c
Sub-classes	OpeningADrawer^c OpeningaScrewCapContainer^c OpeningaBottle^c OpeningADoor^c OpeningChampagne^c UnscrewingaScrew^c

OpeningADoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningADoor`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a door is opened. The #$Portal is treated as an #$objectOfStateChange in such an event, and the #$DoorInABuilding at that #$Portal is an #$objectActedOn. The room or building to which the portal provides access (which is a #$ContainerProduct) is also an #$objectOfStateChange. `NOTE: 'OpeningaDoor'' often but not always involve ''TurningOnaHinge''; opening an overhead garage door is a different kind of process.`
Super-classes	OpeningAContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Door^c

OpeningADrawer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningADrawer`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a #$Drawer is pulled open. The #$ContainerProduct the drawer is a part of is also an #$objectActedOn in the event. Such objects tend to have one or more drawers.
Super-classes	OpeningAContainerArtifact^c PullingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Drawer^c

OpeningAnAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningAnAccount`
Description	''OpeningAnAccount'' is a 'MakingTwoAgentAgreement' that produces an ''Account'', `This is a 'two agent agreement' but either agent could be a GroupOfPeople or an Organization. Thes closest WN sense of 'open' is verb sense 2,,but that also includes establishing a business and re-opening the doors of a business after closing for the night. That WN sense is nevertheless included here, as it does have some overlap: Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'open' in WordNet: 2. (45) open, open up - (start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning; 'open a business')`
Super-classes	MakingaTwoAgentAgreement^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Account^c enablesOrAssists^op value MoneyTransaction^c
Sub-classes	OpeningaBankAccount^c

OpeningChampagne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningChampagne`
Description	Opening a bottle of Champagne (or any sparkling wine) - not necessarily in a bottle with a cork stopper. `NOTE: champagne bottles usually have corks, and 'uncorking' a champagne bottle can refer to champagne bottles that do not have corks. This is not necessarily true of a 'sparkling wine'. Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'uncork' in WordNet: 2. uncork - (draw the cork from (bottles); "uncork the French wine")`
Super-classes	OpeningAContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value BottleOfChampagne^c

OpeningInAnArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningInAnArtifact`
Description	A ''OpeningInAnArtifact'' is an ''Aperture'' that is a ''PartOfAnArtifactObject'' that provides a pathway into or out of some ''ArtifacObject'' that is a form of container.
Super-classes	Aperture^c PartOfAnArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Mouthpiece^c SpoutOpening^c

OpeningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningSomething`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which some agent opens some physical object using tools or a physical or anatomical part. Not all of the entries on the #$objectOfStateChange slot of a particular #$OpeningSomething event necessarily have portals or portal coverings (think, for example, of opening a coconut or a watermelon). So at this most general level, #$OpeningSomething just means gaining access to the 'inside' of some object through an 'outer' layer or portion. However, see the English of #$OpeningAContainerArtifact. `COSMO note: this is also used to 'open' a Lock, i.e. to unlock it, so that the protected contents can be accessed. It does not necessarily mean that the container itself is opened so as to provide a path to the interior. Represents the transitive verb senses 1 of 'open'; for the intransitive sense see ''BecomingOpen'': in WordNet: 1. (68) open, open up - (cause to open or to become open; 'Mary opened the car door')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	causes^op value BecomingOpen^c
Sub-classes	UnlockingALock^c OpeningAContainerArtifact^c ReopeningSomething^c DeployingaParachute^c
In domain of	hadObjectOpened^op

OpeningTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningTime

Description

'OpeningTime' the TimePoint that is specified by a business as the TimePoint at which they open for business on business days. This may vary with the day of the week..

  hour, time of day

Super-classes TimeOfDay^c
RelativeTime^c
RecurringTimePoint^c

OpeningaBankAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningaBankAccount`
Description	''OpeningaBankAccount' is an ''OpeningAnAccount'' in which (or both) of the agents involved is a ''BankOrganization''
Super-classes	OpeningAnAccount^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value BankAccount^c isPerformedBy^op value BankAndCustomer^c wasaResponseToEvent^op value OfferingaBankAccount^c hasThingAcquired^op value BankAccount^c isTheResultOf^op value OfferingaBankAccount^c produced^op some BankAccount^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatOpeningCosmoBankAccount

OpeningaBottle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningaBottle`
Description	''OpeningaBottle'' usually refers to opening an unopened bottle containing some kind of liquid contents.
Super-classes	OpeningAContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Bottle^c

OpeningaPlaceOfBusiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningaPlaceOfBusiness`
Description	'OpeningaPlaceOfBusiness' is an Action in which some Person opens the doors of a business or office or other place of public accommodation after a temporary closing, as for the night to allow other people to come in and take advantage of the service provided by the place of business. This also includes 'opening the doors' literally or figuratively to customers for the first tme, after the business was established in an ''EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness'' Action. 'Business' here is any kind of service, whether or not for a fee or for profit. This sense answers the question 'when does the office open?'. This is the first time mentioned in 'office hours from ?T1 to ?T2'. This is not for the sense of some enterprise becoming established and beginning to do business for the first time (use ''EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness''). This is the converse of 'ClosingaPlaceOfbusiness' e.g. 'We open every day at 8 AM, and close at 6 PM'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'open' in WordNet; however it is not clear if the WordNet sense includes 'beginning to do business for the first time', which is not included in this COSMO sense. in WordNet: 2. (45) open, open up - (start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning; 'open a business')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value OpeningTime^c

OpeningaScrewCapContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpeningaScrewCapContainer`
Description	'OpeningaScrewCapContainer' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') screws the cap or lid off a screw-capped bottle or jar or other screw-capped container (a 'ContainerWithTopCap'). The individual 'ContainerWithTopCap' must be specified. This is usually done by hand, but may be helped by gripping devices. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'unscrew' in WordNet: 2. (1) unscrew - (loosen by turning; 'unscrew the bottle cap')`
Super-classes	OpeningAContainerArtifact^c UnscrewingSomething^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value ScrewTopCap^c hadThingAffected^op some ContainerWithTopCap^c

Openly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Openly

Description

''Openly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' and ''AdverbialModifier'' that can modify Actions and QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that the Action modified was not performed in secret, or that some communication was performed without trying to make it private or secret, or the Attribute is not being hidden. 'openly hostile'

      Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'openly' in WordNet:
        1. (13) openly - (in an open way; 'he openly flaunted his affection for his sister')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
AdverbialModifier^c

Openness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Openness`
Description	''Openness'' is a ''SpatialArangement'' of outdoor objects in which the distance between objects that could obscure a view of things at a larger distance or block passage betwee them is greater than the sizes of the objects. `Needs more examples. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'openness' in WordNet: 1. openness - (without obstructions to passage or view; 'the openness of the prairies')`
Super-classes	SpatialArangement^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value RelativeLocation^c

Opera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opera`
Description	''Opera'' is a form of ''ClassicalMusic'' that is played and sung in accompaniment to a ''Drama''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opera' in WordNet: 1. (10) opera - (a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes)`
Super-classes	OperaOrOratorio^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some DramaticPerformance^c

OperaOrOratorio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OperaOrOratorio`
Description	''OperaOrOratorio'' is the conjunction of ''Oratorio'' and ''Opera'' to represent any form of ''ClassicalMusic'' that includes ''Singing'' and ''OrchestraMusic''. Any others in this category can be added.
Super-classes	ClassicalMusic^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some OrchestraMusic^c hasSubEvent^op some Singing^c
Sub-classes	Opera^c Oratorio^c

OperaStar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OperaStar`
Description	An ''OperaStar'' is a ''ProfessionalSinger'' who is acclaimed for her/his skill at singing in operas. `Corresponds aproximately to noun sense 1 of 'opera star' in WordNet: 1. opera star, operatic star - (singer of lead role in an opera)`
Super-classes	FamousHuman^c StarEntertainer^c ProfessionalSinger^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Starring^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Singing^c
Sub-classes	Diva^c

Operating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Operating

Description

An attribute of Devices that are (at the time it is attributed) performing their design function (working, running); for devices capable of performing that function, use ''Functional''. For devices that are electrical devices that are turned on (powered up) but not actually performing their design function,use ''TurnedOn''.

      No WordNet sense has a close meaning, but this sense seems to be included in
         adjective sense 2 of 'operating' in WordNet:
          2. operational, in operation, operating - (being in effect or operation;
            'de facto apartheid is still operational even in the 'new' African nations'-
            Leslie Marmon Silko; 'bus service is in operation during the emergency';
            'the company had several operating divisions')
          WN adj 'working:
            4. (1) running, operative, functional, working - ((of e.g. a machine)
              performing or capable of performing; 'in running (or working) order';
               'a functional set of brakes')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OperatingPrinciple^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OperatingPrinciple

Description

This ''OperatingPrinciple'' is a CausalExplanation of how a 'Device'' achieves its design function.

          Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'principle' in WordNet:
            6. (2) rationale, principle - ((law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons 
              (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature);
              'the rationale for capital punishment'; 'the principles of internal-combustion engines')

Super-classes Rationale^c

OperatingaPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OperatingaPoweredDevice`
Description	Each 'OperatingaPoweredDevice' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent controls a Device that has some source of power other than the force applied by the muscles of the person operating it. This can be for driving vehicles, using powered saws or hedgecutters, jackhammers, drills, or any other Device that has some non-human source of power. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'operate' in WordNet: 3. (14) operate, control - (handle and cause to function; 'do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol'; 'control the lever')`
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some SelfPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	SteeringaRoadVehicle^c PilotingAnAirplane^c PlayingaPhonograph^c PoweringAnElectricalDevice^c DrivingaRoadVehicle^c SteeringaShip^c StartingaMotorVehicle^c

Operation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Operation`
Description	This is for collaborative activities that extend over more than ''TwoHours'', including the phase of planning (''PlanningAnOperation'') and preparing and execution. For the medical sense of 'operation' use 'Surgery'. `NOTE: the term 'op' is a shortened form of 'operation' used in some phrases such as 'black ops'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'operation' in WordNet: 2. (276) operation - (a planned activity involving many people performing various actions; 'they organized a rescue operation'; 'the biggest police operation in French history'; 'running a restaurant is quite an operation'; 'consolidate the companies various operations')`
Super-classes	CollaborativeProject^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c impliesPriorEventType^op value PlanningAnOperation^c isAnExecutionOf^op value PlanForAnOperation^c hasMinimumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoHours^c
Sub-classes	In-HouseOperation^c BusinessOperation^c

Ophthalmologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ophthalmologist`
Description	Ophthalmologists are doctors who specialize in the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ophthalmologist' in WordNet: 1. ophthalmologist, eye doctor, oculist - (a medical doctor specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Ophthalmology^c

Ophthalmology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ophthalmology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ophthalmology' in WordNet: 1. ophthalmology - (the branch of medicine concerned with the eye and its diseases)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Ophthalmologist^c

Opiate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opiate`
Description	'Opiate' vs.'opioid': ===================== " Opiates have powerful analgesic effects, and are widely synthesized for use in drugs." " Among prescription drugs, opioids (synthetic opiates) are pain killers, and among the most popular prescription drugs. " The terms 'opiate' and 'opiod' are sometimes used interchangeably, but sith synthetc opiates no popular as painkillers, the term 'opioid' has acquired the meaning of 'synthetic' opiate' Both natural and synthetic opiates work by binding to 'opioid receptors' in the brain. ------ From Merriam-Webster online: opiate: 1a : a drug (such as morphine or codeine) containing or derived from opium and tending to induce sleep and alleviate pain broadly : narcotic sense 1a b : opioid sense 1 opioid: 1 : any of a group of endogenous neural polypeptides (such as an endorphin or enkephalin) that bind especially to opiate receptors and mimic some of the pharmacological properties of opiates called also opioid peptide 2 : a synthetic drug possessing narcotic properties similar to opiates but not derived from opium broadly : opiate sense 1a ================ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opiate' in WordNet: 1. opiate - (a narcotic drug that contains opium or an opium derivative)
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c NarcoticDrug^c PsychoactiveAgent^c AddictiveSubstance^c Alkaloid^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Opium^c

Opining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opining`
Description	Each ''Opining'' is ''StatingSomething'' in which a Person makes a statement that contains an ''Opinion'', which may be only a part of the full statement made. `NOTE: this to make any opinion, whether faorable,unfavorable, or neutral. The Wordnet synonym here, 'animadvert', is to state an unfavorable opinion and is represented as the subtype ''Animadverting''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'opine' in WordNet: 1. opine, speak up, animadvert, sound off - (speak one's opinion without fear or hesitation; 'John spoke up at the meeting')`
Super-classes	StatingSomething^c Commenting^c Evaluating^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Opinion^c
Sub-classes	Critiquing^c Animadverting^c Trivializing^c Understating^c

Opinion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opinion`
Description	An Opinion is a Proposition that an IntelligentAgent considers more likely to be true than not to be true. An Opinion is not necessarily considered to be certain or to be strongly held by the agent. If strongly held, it would be a ''Belief'' (a subtype of Opinion). NOTE that an assertion that contains an Opinion is not an opinion in this sense,but a representation of an Opinion. This includes both publicly expressed and privately held opinions. NOTE: An opinion poll result is a measure of opinions, not an instance of this type. NOTE that although an 'opinion' is not necessarily certain, this type includes 'expert opinion' as presented in court testimony. This disinguishes between an incompletely formed 'notion' and more strongly held and more completely considered ''Opinion'' NOTE in WordNet 2.1, the relationship of Opinion (synset: opinion, sentiment, persuasion, view, thought) and Belief are inverted relative to COSMO, with Belief being more general in WordNet includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'opinion' and noun sense 2 of 'belief' in WordNet:. 1. (408) opinion, sentiment, persuasion, view, thought - (a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; 'my opinion differs from yours'; 'what are your thoughts on Haiti?') 2. (76) public opinion, popular opinion, opinion, vox populi - (a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people; 'he asked for a poll of public opinion')
Super-classes	Notion^c Proposition^c Context^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Suspicion^c isLessIntenseThan^op value Belief^c isMoreIntenseThan^op value Notion^c hasBeliever^op only (IntelligentAgent^c or PersonType^c or FictionalCharacter^c or GroupType^c or Group^c)
Sub-classes	PublicOpinion^c Stereotype^c Self-Concept^c UnfavorableOpinion^c Belief^c

OpinionDistribution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpinionDistribution`
Description	Each 'OpinionDistribution' is an AttributeValue of a GroupOfPeople; this AttributeValue is itself a Group of specialized structure, describing the answers to one question asked of a population. There may be more than one OpinionDistribution in an OpinionPollResult. The Elements describe, in order, (1) the 'Question' asked; (2) the agent asking the question; (3) the TimeInterval when the question was asked; and then each subsequent element is an 'AnswerPrevalence' which contains the 'AnswerPhrase' and the fraction of the population that gave that answer. As of rev811, no other parts are defined for an OpinionDistribution (such as the method of asking the question - in-person or telephone, or online or mail-in: this is now contained in the OpinionPollResult), but other parts can be added as needed by adding specialized relations.
Super-classes	Group^c PopulationCharacteristicDistribution^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op some GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	PopularityRating^c

OpinionPoll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpinionPoll`
Description	A 'Poll' is an Action in which one or more Questions are asked about the opinions of people on some subject(s) and the answers organized to present the Result. This type can be used for 'polls' that ask questions other than opinions - a sister type might be needed in that case. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'poll' in Wordnet: 1. (4) poll, opinion poll, public opinion poll, canvass - (an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people) WN verb 'poll': 1. (1) poll, canvass, canvas - (get the opinions (of people) by asking specific questions)`
Super-classes	AnalyzingGroupProperties^c TestingEvent^c Surveying^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Interrogating^c produces^op value OpinionPollResult^c isPerformedBy^op value Pollster^c hadObjectAnalyzed^op some Opinion^c

OpinionPollResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpinionPollResult`
Description	An 'OpinionPollResult' is an AttributeValue of a GroupOfPeople; this can be used to describe a related series of opinions to more than one Question. For answers to a single Question, one can use an 'OpinionDistribution'. Each 'OpinionPollResult' expresses the measures for the responses to questions asked of a GroupOfPeople. This is a PopulationCharacteristicDistribution, meaning that it can have more than one element, and each element is an OpinionDistribution that represents the proportion of the population giving specific answers to a particular question. The identity of the person or organization conducting the poll and the time the poll is conducted are contained in each OpinionDistribution for each Question. This allows for different people to ask different Questions.
Super-classes	PopulationCharacteristicDistribution^c Group^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some OpinionPoll^c hasComponentElement^op value OpinionDistribution^c

Opioid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opioid

Description

In COSMO the term ''Opioid'' is used as in Merriam-Webster sense 2: 2 : a synthetic drug possessing narcotic properties similar to opiates but not derived from opium

    More generally:
      'Opiate'  vs.'opioid': 
      ===================== 
       " Opiates have powerful analgesic effects, and are widely synthesized for use in drugs."
       " Among prescription drugs, opioids (synthetic opiates) are pain killers,
              and among the most popular prescription drugs. "
       The terms 'opiate' and 'opiod' are sometimes used interchangeably, but
          with synthetc opiates now popular as painkillers, the term 'opioid'
          has acquired the meaning of 'synthetic' opiate' Both natural
          and synthetic opiates work by binding to 'opioid receptors' in the brain.
      ------  
      From Merriam-Webster online:
      opiate:
          1a : a drug (such as morphine or codeine) containing or derived from opium 
            and tending to induce sleep and alleviate pain  
         broadly : narcotic sense 1a

          b : opioid sense 1 
      opioid:

  1 : any of a group of endogenous neural polypeptides (such as an endorphin 
           or enkephalin) that bind especially to opiate receptors and
           mimic some of the pharmacological properties of opiates 
           called also opioid peptide   
  2 : a synthetic drug possessing narcotic properties similar to opiates 
       but not derived from opium  
          broadly : opiate sense 1a 
      ================

Super-classes OrganicCompound^c
NarcoticDrug^c
SyntheticSubstance^c
AddictiveSubstance^c
PsychoactiveAgent^c
Alkaloid^c

Opium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opium`
Description	The dried milky juice from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy plant; has narcotic properties. SUMO: A substance harvested from the seed capsules of the opium poppy that contains various powerful alkaloids. From Random House Webster: 'the dried, condensed juice of a poppy, Papaver somniferum, that has a narcotic, soporific, analgesic, and astringent effect and contains morphine, codeine, papaverine, and other alkaloids used in medicine in their isolated or derived forms: a narcotic substance, poisonous in large doses.' -RHUD Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opium' in Wordnet: 1. (14) opium - (an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy)
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Alkaloid^c

Opossum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opossum`
Description	Specifically the species of oppossum found in America, not any of the other marsupials which are called Opossums or possums, as those of Australia (sense 1 of 'opossum' in WordNet). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opossum' in WordNet: 2. opossum, possum - (nocturnal arboreal marsupial having a naked prehensile tail found from southern North America to northern South America)`
Super-classes	Marsupial^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pogo

Opponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opponent`
Description	An Opponent is an Organism (not necessarily human) that is opposing another Organism in some ConflictEvent. For human conflicts, increasingly serious subtypes of 'Opponent' are 'Adversary' and 'Enemy'. `Corrresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'opponent' in WordNet. However, in COSMO 'Adversary' is a more specific subtype. in WordNet: 2. (2) adversary, antagonist, opponent, opposer, resister - (someone who offers opposition)`
Super-classes	Role^c IntentionalAgent^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op some ConflictEvent^c
Sub-classes	Competitor^c Adversary^c
In domain of	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op
In range of	hasCompetingAgent^op

Opportunity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opportunity`
Description	NOTE: when an ''Opportunity'' (state) exists, it continues as long as there is some possibility of a favorable outcome, regardless of the various Actions a Person may take to take advantage of the Opportunity. When the chance of favorable outcome disappears, that specific ''Opportunity'' also terminates, though there may be other ''Opportunity'' instances that could lead to the same desired favorable outcome. See for example, ''LegalHearing''. NOTE that good things come from an ''Opportunity'' only if an Agent performs a ''UsingAnOpportunity'' action. - one must 'seize the opportunity' Related to, but different from the gloss meaning for noun sense 1 of 'opportunity' in WordNet. This type is a ''PersistentState'' that has a ''Chance'' of occurring it is not the ''Chance'' itself. In WN terminology, this type is the 'favorable combination of circumstances'' that creates a possibility of good things happening (or not). in WordNet: 1. (67) opportunity, chance - (a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances; 'the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington'; 'now is your chance')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value UsingAnOpportunity^c hasDesiredSituation^op some PossibleFutureBenefit^c
Sub-classes	Audience-Hearing^c GoldenOpportunity^c

OpportunityCausingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpportunityCausingEvent`
Description	A 'OpportunityCausingEvent' is an ''CausingSomething'' that causes a ''Opportunity''( a ''PersistentState'') Not every ''Opportunity'' needs to be caused by a ''OpportunityCausingEvent'', and individual instances of ''Opportunity'' that do have ''OpportunityCausingEvents'' need not always have the same OpportunityCausingEvent, i.e a given type of ''Opportunity'' may be caused by different events at different times.. `NOTE that this does not have to be a past Event - a ''PossibleFutureBenefit'' (a possble future situation) is a subtype of this type.`
Super-classes	CausingSomething^c
Restrictions	caused^op some Opportunity^c
Sub-classes	PossibleFutureBenefit^c

Opposed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opposed`
Description	''Opposed'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is ''Opposing'' (against, nor for) some FutureAction that the ''Opposed'' Person considers undesirable (for any reason). This can also be used as an attribute of a vote that is against some proposition. `NOTE: this is not for 'opposing' another agent in a contest, only for 'opposing' some proposed Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and part off sense 2 of 'opposed' in WordNet: 1. (3) opposed, opposing - (in opposition to (a policy or attitude etc.); 'an opposing vote') 2. (1) opposed - (being in opposition or having an opponent; 'two bitterly opposed schools of thought') WN adj 'con': 1. con, in opposition - (on the negative side; 'much was written pro and con')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Contrary^c Antipathetic^c Anti-American^c

OpposedInMeaning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpposedInMeaning`
Description	''OpposedInMeaning'' characterizes some Group of opinions or assertions or proposals or points of view that are 'opposite' in some manner. This includes as a subtype logically ''Inconsistent'' but is broader so as to include beliefs and assertions and proposals that cannot be reduced to precise logical propositions (such as by having different quantitative estimates of possible things). `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'diametric' in Wordnet: 2. diametric, diametrical, opposite, polar - (characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed; 'in diametric contradiction to his claims'; 'diametrical (or opposite) points of view'; 'opposite meanings'; 'extreme and indefensible polar positions')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Inconsistent^c

Opposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opposing`
Description	'Opposing' is a .'ConflictEvent' in which one human agent (Person, group, or Organization) tries to defeat some action of another human agent, or expresses a view that the proposed action should not succeed. The Opposing may or may not be part of a Contest (where one or the other agent 'wins', as in a debate), or may merely be due to the opposing agent's desire not to see the protagonist succeed. In the case where this is a Contest, each agent performs an 'Opposing' from its own point of view. Thus in a contest, whether an agent is proposing or opposing is a matter of perspective. This is the broadest sense of 'oppose', including verbal and mental opposition as well as physical action in opposition. Verbal and physical opposition can be distinguished but are not yet (rev793) disambiguated. The object of an 'Opposing' can be an idea (a proposed action) or another agent This sense includes verb senses 1,2, and 6 of 'oppose' and noun senses 1 and 3 of 'opposition' in Wordnet; sense 6 of 'oppose' appears to be misplaced in WN (and therefore questionable), as it is a WN hyponym of 'refute' which would be the result of a successful opposing in a debate, not the act of opposing per se. in WordNet: 1. (24) oppose - (be against; express opposition to; 'We oppose the ban on abortion') 2. (10) fight, oppose, fight back, fight down, defend - (fight against or resist strongly; 'The senator said he would oppose the bill'; 'Don't fight it!') 6. oppose, controvert, contradict - (be resistant to; 'The board opposed his motion') WN noun 'opposition' 1. (7) resistance, opposition - (the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; 'he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens'; 'despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead') 3. (3) confrontation, opposition - (the act of hostile groups opposing each other; 'the government was not ready for a confrontation with the unions'; 'the invaders encountered stiff opposition')
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c
Sub-classes	OpposingWar^c ContestingSomething^c OpposingAbortion^c Resistance^c

OpposingAbortion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpposingAbortion`
Description	''OpposingAbortion'' is an ''Opposing'' - in which the thing opposed is ''Abortion''. An Action characteristic of a ''ProLife'' activist.
Super-classes	Opposing^c Believing^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Abortion^c isPerformedBy^op value ProLifer^c

OpposingOpinions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpposingOpinions`
Description	''OpposingOpinions'' characterizes a Group of two or more ''"Opinion''s that are ''OpposedInMeaning''. (More than two can be opposed if the logical consequence of one is ''Inconsistent'' or ''Contradictory'' to one of the others).
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OpposedInMeaning^c hasComponentElement^op only Opinion^c

OpposingWar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpposingWar`
Description	''OpposingWar'' is an ''Opposing'' - in which the thing opposed is ''War''. An Action characteristic of a ''Pacifist''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pacifism' in WordNet: 2. pacifism, pacificism - (the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration)`
Super-classes	Opposing^c Believing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Pacifist^c hasDirectObject^op value War^c

OppositeInNature^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OppositeInNature

Description

'OppositeInNature' is an AttributeValue of something that is one of two complex things (such as opinions, sides of an issue, effects of an action) that are considered as strongly contrasting.

      Includes adjective senses 5 and 6 of 'opposite' in WordNet;
      sense 6 seems to be an intensive variant of sense 5, but they
      are not yet (rev793) distinguished in COSMO.:   in WordNet:
        5. (3) opposite - (altogether different in nature or quality or 
           significance; 'the medicine's effect was opposite to that intended';
           'it is said that opposite characters make a union happiest'- Charles Reade)
        6. (2) diametric, diametrical, opposite, polar - 
           (characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed;
           'in diametric contradiction to his claims'; 'diametrical 
           (or opposite) points of view'; 'opposite meanings';
           'extreme and indefensible polar positions')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OppositeSideOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OppositeSideOfSomething`
Description	The ''OppositeSideOfSomething'' is a ''RelativeLocation'' that is defined by being on one side of some 'Object', which is the ''Something'' that defines the 'relative' part of the meaning. This is used to help specify meaning for 'being on the opposite side' and 'being across from'.
Super-classes	RelativeLocation^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op some OppositeThing^c hasReferenceLocation^op some (ObjectType^c or Object^c)

OppositeThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OppositeThing`
Description	An ''OppositeThing'' is any kind of ''Object'' that is on the opposite side of some Object that has another Object on the opposite side. `NOTE: 'areSeparatedBy' can be used to specify the thing that separates a pair of other things and makes them 'opposite'. @ToDo: these concepts should be related to give the full picture of ''OppositeThing''s. Each ''OppositeThing'' ''isAcrossfFrom'' a second Object with is itself an OppositeThing relative to the first.`
Super-classes	Object^c Role^c
Restrictions	isAcrossFrom^op some (ObjectType^c or Object^c)

Oppositeness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oppositeness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oppositeness' in WordNet: 1. opposition, oppositeness - (the relation between opposed entities)`
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	Polarity^c

Opposition-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Opposition-Feeling`
Description	Opposition is a Feeling. When someone has the Feeling of Opposition toward something, linguistically one can say '?P is against ?E' or '?P is opposed to ?E'. This Feeling may lead to actions to oppose something. Approximately represented by part of noun sense 1 of 'opposition' in Wordnet. But the Wordnet sense includes 'Action' and this is only a Feeling - (an internal action) that is not necessarily voiced, nor necessarily leads to physical actions. in WordNet: 1. (7) resistance, opposition - (the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; 'he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens'; 'despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead')
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Opposing^c
Sub-classes	Rebelliousness-Feeling^c

Oppressed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oppressed

Description

        No WN sense fo this meaning of 'oppressed'.
        RHW adj 'oppressed':
         1.  to burden with cruel or unjust impositions or restraints; 
            subject to a burdensome or harsh exercise of authority or power: 
            a people oppressed by totalitarianism.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

OppressedPsychologially^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OppressedPsychologially`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oppressed' in Wordnet: 1. laden, oppressed - (burdened psychologically or mentally; 'laden with grief'; 'oppressed by a sense of failure')`
Super-classes	Concerned^c FeelingAttribute^c

Oppressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oppressing`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oppress' in WordNet: 1. (1) oppress, suppress, crush - (come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority; 'The government oppresses political activists')`
Super-classes	Tormenting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Oppressor^c

Oppressive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oppressive

Description

For effects on emotions not political oppression. This can be for internalemotions, behavior of other people toward oneself, or for environmental conditions that make work difficult or unpleasant, as ''oppressive humidity'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oppressive' in Wordnet:
        1. oppressive - (weighing heavily on the senses or spirit;
          'the atmosphere was oppressive'; 'oppressive sorrows')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Oppressor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oppressor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oppressor' in WordNet: 1. oppressor - (a person of authority who subjects others to undue pressures)`
Super-classes	UnpleasantPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Oppressing^c
Sub-classes	Authoritarian^c

OpticalCable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalCable`
Description	An ''OpticalCable'' is a 'cable' designed to carry an 'optical signal' (light modulated to convey information) from one location to another. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'cable' (for optical signals) in WordNet: 2. (1) cable, line, transmission line - (a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power)`
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c CordlikeObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value OpticalSignalTransmission^c

OpticalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$OpticalDevice is a device that affects light by either reflecting it, refracting it, causing its rays to converge or diverge, or more complicated combinations of such operations. Examples include devices whose function is to enhance human vision (e.g., each #$Mirror, each pair of #$EyeGlasses, each set of #$Binoculars), as well as devices that manipulate light for other purposes (e.g., instances of #$OpticalComputerStorageDevice and #$LaserDiscPlayer). NOTE: this corresponds to the WN ;'optical device', which includes 'projector' as a subtype, so it is not only for things that assist reading, but for aything that affects th path of (but not produces) light. For Devices that assist seeing or reading by magnification or changing the path of light, use the subtype ''OpticalInstrument''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of ''OpticalDevice'' in WordNet: 1. optical instrument - (an instrument designed to aid vision) WN noun 'optical device': 1. optical device - (a device for producing or controlling light)
Super-classes	HumanScaleObject^c Device^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ChangingaLightPath^c
Sub-classes	Mirror^c OpticalInstrument^c Kaleidoscope^c OpticalPrism^c

OpticalDisk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalDisk`
Description	An instance of a Compact Disk or a DVD, or any other type disk using only optical means of recording and reading information; this is the physical object, not the informational content. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical disk' in WordNet: 1. optical disk, optical disc - (a disk coated with plastic that can store digital data as tiny pits etched in the surface; is read with a laser that scans the surface)`
Super-classes	Disk^c SmallRigidSheet^c DigitalInformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value KeepingInformation^c
Sub-classes	CD-Physical^c DVD-Physical^c

OpticalFiber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalFiber`
Description	A long fiber of glass, with a core fiber and one or more outer layers (each tube-shaped surrounding the core), used to carry light signals over a long distance.. It has special composition to minimize the loss of light intensity as the beam travels over miles. `Used for ''FiberOptics'': 1. fiber optics, fiberoptics, fibre optics, fibreoptics - (the transmission of light signals via glass fibers Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical fiber' in WordNet: 1. optical fiber, glass fiber, optical fibre, glass fibre - (a very thin fiber made of glass that functions as a waveguide for light; used in bundles to transmit images)`
Super-classes	GlassFiber^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value LightBeam^c isUsedInAction^op value FiberOptics^c

OpticalIllusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalIllusion`
Description	An ''OpticalIllusion'' is a ''OpticalPhenomenon'' that is a ''Deception-Generic'', a Situation that is perceived by the eyes to be something that it is not in reality. `In this case seeing should not be believing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical illusion' in WordNet: 1. optical illusion - (an optical phenomenon that results in a false or deceptive visual impression)`
Super-classes	OpticalPhenomenon^c Deception-Generic^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Misperception^c
Sub-classes	Mirage^c

OpticalInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalInstrument`
Description	An ''OpticalInstrument'' is an ''OpticalDevice'' designed to assist viewing visible objects, usually by magnifying the image with some form of ''Lens-Artificial'' (see subtype ''LensedOpticalDevice''), or by being a type of ''Lens-Artificial'', or by any other means of manipulating the path of light so as to change the size or quality of an i.age. This includes the lenses themselves as well as devices having a ''Lens-Artificial'' as a part, or Devices that magnify an image with a curved mirror (such as in some telescopes). `SUMO: A Device which enables someone to see something more clearly or with greater magnification Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical instrument' in WordNet: 1. optical instrument - (an instrument designed to aid vision)`
Super-classes	OpticalDevice^c
Sub-classes	Endoscope^c LensedOpticalDevice^c Monocular^c Eyewear^c Lens-Artificial^c

OpticalMisperception^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalMisperception`
Description	An ''OpticalMisperception'' is a ''Misperception'' (an 'ErroneousBelief') caused by an ''OpticalIllusion'', in which some Objects are perceived by the eyes to be something they are not in reality. This creates an ''ErroneousBrainImage'' in the brain of the perceiver. @mod53
Super-classes	Misperception^c
Restrictions	produces^op value MentalIllusion^c isCausedBy^op value OpticalIllusion^c

OpticalPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalPhenomenon`
Description	A ''OpticalPhenomenon'' is any ''Phenomenon'' that involves transmission or perception of Light. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. optical phenomenon - (a physical phenomenon related to or involving light)`
Super-classes	Phenomenon^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value LightPropagationEvent^c
Sub-classes	LightningEvent^c OpticalIllusion^c

OpticalPrism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalPrism`
Description	An ''OpticalPrism'' is an ''OpticalDevice'' that is composed of a transparent Glass in a prismatic shape, in which the parallel faces are triangles. This can be used to break up `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prism' in WordNet: 2. prism, optical prism - (optical device having a triangular shape and made of glass or quartz; used to deviate a beam or invert an image)`
Super-classes	TransparentObject^c SolidObject^c OpticalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Prism^c

OpticalSignalTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OpticalSignalTransmission`
Description	''OpticalSignalTransmission'' is any Action by a Device that can transmit optical signals from one point in space to another - whether over an ''OpticalCable'' or by electromagnetic radiation through some medium transparent to that signal.
Super-classes	InformationBearingWavePropagation^c GeneralizedTransfer^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Light^c isPerformedBy^op value Device^c hadThingTransferred^op value InformationObject^c

Optics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optics' in WordNet: 1. optics - (the branch of physics that studies the physical properties of light)`
Super-classes	Physics^c
Restrictions	hasSubject^op value Light^c

Optimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optimal`
Description	''Optimal'' is an attribute of something that is ''TheBest'' possible or practical option. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'optimal' in Wordnet: 1. (3) optimum, optimal - (most desirable possible under a restriction expressed or implied; 'an optimum return on capital'; 'optimal concentration of a drug')`
Super-classes	Desirable^c
Sub-classes	Perfect^c

Optimism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optimism`
Description	''Optimism'' is the Feeling of ''Hope'' combined with an 'Expectation' that the hoped-for situation will in fact occur. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optimism' in WordNet: 1. (2) optimism - (the optimistic feeling that all is going to turn out well)`
Super-classes	Hope^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op value Expectation^c

Optimist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optimist`
Description	A ''Optimist'' is someone who evaluates situations in a manner suggesting outcomes better than are objectively most likely `Contrasts with Realist, Pessimist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optimist' in WordNet: 1. optimist - (a person disposed to take a favorable view of things)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HabituallyOptimistic^c

Optimistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optimistic`
Description	''Optimistic'' is a subtype of ''Anticipating'' it is an attribute of a 'Person who is expecting a good outcome in some specific Action being undertaken.. For one who is habitually and unrealistically optimistic, use ''HabituallyOptimistic'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'optimistic' in WordNet: 2. affirmative, optimistic - (expecting the best; 'an affirmative outlook')`
Super-classes	Anticipating^c
Sub-classes	HabituallyOptimistic^c Upbeat^c

Optimizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optimizing`
Description	''Optimizing'' is a ''PerfectingSomething'' that develops a ''HumanActivity'' or ''ArtifactObject'' to a point where it cannot be improved. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'optimize' (sense 2 could be a subtype) in WordNet: 1. optimize, optimise - (make optimal; get the most out of; use best; "optimize your resources") 2. optimize, optimise - (modify to achieve maximum efficiency in storage capacity or time or cost; "optimize a computer program")`
Super-classes	PerfectingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Optimal^c improves^op value Skill^c

Optional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optional

Description

''Optional'' is a subtype of ''Possible'' that is an AttributeValue of some ''Choice'' that a Person can make. This is interpreted as 'usually optional' - things that are usually ''Optional'' may be required or forced by circumstances - such situations are included in this type. (e.g. ''OptionalSurgery'' can be of a type that is life-saving in some circumstances).

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'optional' in Wordnet:
       1. optional - (possible but not necessary; left to personal choice)

Super-classes Possible^c

OptionalSurgery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OptionalSurgery`
Description	''OptionalSurgery'' is surgical treatent not performed to treat an ''AilmentCondition'. `in WordNet: 7. operate on, operate - (perform surgery on; 'The doctors operated on the patient but failed to save his life') WN 'surgery' 4. operation, surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process - (a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; 'they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available'; 'he died while undergoing surgery')`
Super-classes	Surgery^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Optional^c hasSubEvent^op value SurgicalIncision^c
Sub-classes	PlasticSurgery^c SterilizingAnAnimal^c Circumcision^c

Options^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Options`
Description	Each 'Options' is a Group that has as elements specific instances of ''Action'' or types of ''Action'' (ActionType), one or more of which that can be chosen when an Agent has an AbilityToChoose; an individual option is represented by 'AlternativeAction'. in a Group of Actions that serve in the Role of an Options, the ability to do nothing (take none of the actions) is understood to be a physical possibility, even though it may result in undesirable consequences - and is therefore not a mandatory part of the ActionGroup. Where only positive Action (i.e. not just doing nothing) is the referenced ActionGroup, the sybtype 'ExclusiveOption' should be used - and the ability to do nothing is still understood. NOTE that this is the Group of possible 'AlternativeThing's that may be selected in a deciding action - for any one of those things use 'AlternativeThing'. This notion is expressed linguistically when one says that a person 'has a choice' to do X or Y (or Z). If one 'has no choice but (one thing)' then the set of 'Options' has only one member; This sense of 'Options' is only a physical possibility, and not a Right. For Options that are Rights, see subtypes of 'Right'. 'Options' may represent a selection of Objects that a Person can choose to select; in that case,each Action in the ActionGroup would be a 'Choosing'. The WordNet noun sense 3 of 'choice'appears to represent only one of the multiple things that may be choses ('that is one of the choices') rather than the whole set of things; but is the closest sense in meaning to this type. For any single option, use 'AlternativeThing'. in WordNet: 3. (3) option, alternative, choice - (one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; 'what option did I have?'; 'there no other alternative'; 'my only choice is to refuse')
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (ActionType^c or AlternativeAction^c) hasAbstractRepresentation^op some ListOfAlternatives^c
Sub-classes	ExclusiveOption^c

Optometrist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optometrist`
Description	CYC: The collection of professionally trained healthcare providers who diagnose and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye. This includes the writing of prescriptions for corrective lenses. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optometrist' in WordNet: 1. optometrist, oculist - (a person skilled in testing for defects of vision in order to prescribe corrective glasses)`
Super-classes	MedicalCareProfessional^c Expert^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value SenseOfVision^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value EyeDisease^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Optometry^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Eye^c

Optometry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Optometry`
Description	''Optometry''is an ',OccupationalSpecialization'' in which the Optometrist tests the eyes for vision problems and prescribes devices such as eyeglasses or DrugProducts or actions to improve vision and prevent deterioration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optometry' in WordNet: 1. optometry - (the practice of an optometrist)`
Super-classes	OccupationalSpecialization^c HealthCareEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Optometrist^c

Oral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oral`
Description	''Oral'' refers to the Mouth, things inside the Mouth, and things done with the Mouth,especially forms of ''Speaking''. @Todo1437: These uses can be differentiated. 'oral surgery' is surgery done in the Mouth, not with the mouth. Needs Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'oral' in WordNet: 1. (6) oral, unwritten - (using speech rather than writing; 'an oral tradition'; 'an oral agreement') 2. oral - (of or relating to or affecting or for use in the mouth; 'oral hygiene'; 'an oral thermometer'; 'an oral vaccine') 3. oral - (of or involving the mouth or mouth region or the surface on which the mouth is located; 'the oral cavity'; 'the oral mucous membrane'; 'the oral surface of a starfish')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Spoken^c Unspoken^c

OralAdministration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OralAdministration`
Description	Ingesting a drug by mouth.
Super-classes	AdministeringaDrug^c PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth^c Ingesting^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some OralDrugObject^c

OralConversation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OralConversation`
Description	A Conversation carried out in oral speech by agents who are within hearing distance of each other, or are connected by a device that permits transmission of voice over a distance. For face-to-face oral conversation use 'InPersonConversation'. NOTE: as a borderline included instance, a 'RoboCall' in which an automatic device calls on the telephone and plays a recorded message is included/ @ToDo: this might be better represented as an 'announcement' of some kind??? Cyc: Every #$Conversation includes at least two #$CommunicationAct-Single as #$subEvents, with the #$senderOfInfo in one being the #$recipientOfInfo in the other. Includes nouns sense 1 of 'conversation' and noun sense 1 of 'talk' and verb sense 1 of 'converse' in WordNet: 1. (20) conversation - (the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.) WN 'talk': 1. (12) talk, talking - (an exchange of ideas via conversation; 'let's have more work and less talk around here') WN verb 'converse' 1. (5) converse, discourse - (carry on a conversation) WN noun 'discourse': 3. discussion, treatment, discourse - (an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic; 'the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic'; 'his treatment of the race question is badly biased')
Super-classes	SpokenCommunicating^c Conversation^c
Sub-classes	Chatter^c Chat^c VerbalArguingEvent^c VideoConference^c TelephoneCall^c InPersonConversation^c IntroducingSomeone^c

OralDrugObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OralDrugObject`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc called 'OralDrug', and was a substance (se ''OralDrugSubstance''). Making it a product requires that one specify some details of the physical object itself that is ingested. `NOTE that the COSMO type ''OralDrugSubstance'' uses the same CYC entry as a referent. Cyc: A specialization of #$DrugProduct. Each instance of #$OralDrug is a drug which are intended to be adminstered orally. Examples include cough syrup, throat lozenges, and birth control pills.`
Super-classes	DrugObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value OralAdministration^c
Sub-classes	DrugCapsule^c Lozenge^c Pill^c

OralDrugSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OralDrugSubstance`
Description	In Cyc called 'OralDrug', and was a substance. Making it a product requires that one specify some details of the physical object itself that is ingested. `Cyc: A specialization of #$DrugProduct. Each instance of #$OralDrug is a drug which are intended to be adminstered orally. Examples include cough syrup, throat lozenges, and birth control pills.`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value OralAdministration^c
Sub-classes	LiquidOralMedicine^c

OralSex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OralSex`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oral sex' in WordNet: 1. oral sex, head - (oral stimulation of the genitals; 'they say he gives good head')`
Super-classes	Touching^c SocialOccurrence^c SexualBehavior^c TwoAgentAction^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Mouth^c
Sub-classes	Fellatio^c Cunnilingus^c

OralThermometer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OralThermometer`
Description
Super-classes	MedicalThermometer^c

Oralism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oralism`
Description	''Oralism'' is a Belief that SignLanguage is not the best method for the Deaf to communicate. `RHW 'oralism': the theory, practice, or advocacy of education for the deaf chiefly or exclusively through lipreading, training in speech production, and training of residual hearing. Cf. manualism.`
Super-classes	Belief^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Lipreading^c hasTopic^op value Communication^c

Orange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orange`
Description	A Fruit that is produced by an orange tree, having a multiply indented by shiny skin, and an orange color. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'orange' in WordNet: 1. (4) orange - (round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c CitrusFruit^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value OrangeTree^c

OrangeBackground^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrangeBackground`
Description	An ''OrangeBackground'' is a ''BackgroundColor'' that is ''Orange''.
Super-classes	BackgroundColor^c

OrangeColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrangeColor

Description

The color orange.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'orange' in WordNet:
      1. (7) orange, orangish - (of the color 
        between red and yellow; similar to the color of a ripe orange)

Super-classes Colored^c

OrangeJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrangeJuice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orange juice' in Wordnet: 1. orange juice - (bottled or freshly squeezed juice of oranges)`
Super-classes	SweetTastingSubstance^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c FruitDrink^c FruitJuice^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Orange^c

OrangeTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrangeTree`
Description	A tree that grows oranges. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orange tree' in WordNet: 1. orange, orange tree - (any citrus tree bearing oranges)`
Super-classes	CitrusFruitTree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Orange^c

Orangutan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orangutan`
Description	?Add Habitat of Borneo and Sumatra? `They range in color from a very light brown to dark brown. There are also shades of orange as well. You will notice that an orangutan has a very large head and a thick neck. They have a mouth that sticks out more than other apes, and it does give them a comical appearance. (from: www.orangutan-world.com/orangutan-anatomy/) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orangutan' in WordNet: 1. orangutan, orang, orangutang, Pongo pygmaeus - (large long-armed ape of Borneo and Sumatra having arboreal habits)`
Super-classes	ArborealAnimal^c GreatApe^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongArmed^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Oration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oration`
Description	NOTE: the relation and difference between 'oratory' and 'oration' in WordNet is obscure. In WN 'oration' is a subtype of 'oratory' but it is glossed as 'an instance of 'oratory' That suugests that 'oratory' is a a Group of orations, the meaning assigned here. Thus, unlike in WN, a specific ''ValedictoryAddress'' is a subtype of ''Oration'', not of ''Oratory''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oration' in WordNet: 1. (2) oration - (an instance of oratory; "he delivered an oration on the decline of family values")
Super-classes	PublicSpeech^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Oratory^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c
Sub-classes	ValedictoryAddress^c

Oratorio^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oratorio

Description

An ''Oratorio'' is a form of ''OperaOrOratorio'' (''ClassicalMusic'')) that does not include a ''DramaticPerformance'' (like an ''Opera'') but expresses a religious text in music.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oratorio' in WordNet:
            1. (1) cantata, oratorio - (a musical composition for voices and orchestra based on a religious text)

Super-classes OperaOrOratorio^c

Oratory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oratory`
Description	NOTE: the relation and difference between 'oratory' and 'oration' in WordNet is obscure. In WN 'oration' is a subtype of 'oratory' but it is glossed as 'an instance of 'oratory' That suugests that 'oratory' is formally a Group of orations, or a collectove term for ''Oration''s, the meaning assigned here. Thus, unlike in WN, a specific ''ValedictoryAddress'' is a subtype of ''Oration'', not of ''Oratory''. Corresponds approximately to the collective of ''Oration'', as 'oratory' in WordNet: 1. oratory - (addressing an audience formally (usually a long and rhetorical address and often pompous); 'he loved the sound of his own oratory')
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Oration^c

Orbital^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orbital`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'orbital' in Wordnet: 1. (2) orbital - (of or relating to an orbit; 'orbital revolution'; 'orbital velocity')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Orbital-Eye^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orbital-Eye`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'orbital' in Wordnet: 2. orbital - (of or relating to the eye socket; 'orbital scale'; 'orbital arch')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

OrbitalPath^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrbitalPath

Description

The path followed by an object revolving around another object, under the influence of gravitation.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orbit' in WordNet:
          1. (11) orbit, celestial orbit -
            (the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body                 
            in its revolution about another; "he plotted the orbit of the moon")

Super-classes Path-Spatial^c

Orbiter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orbiter`
Description	An ''Orbiter'' is any ''Spacecraft'' that is an ArtifactOject orbiting any ''AstronomicalBody'' - including moons and . NOTE: the term 'satellite' is reserved in COSMO for devices orbiting planets. Use ''Orbiter'' for things that orbit other celetial bodies. This differs from CYC usage: CYC ('Satellite-Device'):A man-made device intended to orbit a celestial body (for most of them, Earth). Includes part of noun sense 1 of 'orbiter' in WordNet (orbiting a moon) but is broader, including things orbiting any celestial body such as an asteroid.: in WordNet: 1. (4) satellite, artificial satellite, orbiter - (man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon)
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c Spacecraft^c
Restrictions	orbits^op some AstronomicalBody^c

Orbiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orbiting`
Description	Elements of #$Orbiting are events in which an #$objectMoving moves along a #$motionPathway-Complete which is a roughly eliptical path through #$OuterSpace around some #$HeavenlyBody and does so periodically. For example, a spacecraft in orbit #$orbits in such an event. If the #$OrbitalPath is roughly circular, this event is also an instance of #$MovingInACircle. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'orbit'(for astronomical bodies,not electrons) in WordNet: 1. (3) orb, orbit, revolve - (move in an orbit; 'The moon orbits around the Earth'; 'The planets are orbiting the sun'; 'electrons orbit the nucleus') WN noun 'revolution' (part, for orbiting): 3. rotation, revolution, gyration - (a single complete turn (axial or orbital); 'the plane made three rotations before it crashed'; 'the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year')`
Super-classes	Translation-Periodic^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value AstronomicalBody^c
Sub-classes	PlanetaryOrbiting^c

Orchard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orchard`
Description	An ''Orchard'' is a ''Garden'' that can be very large and commercial, where trees are grown to produce fruit. `CYC: A specialization of #$OutdoorLocation. Each instance of #$Orchard is a piece of land on which trees are cultivated. Includes RHW 'orchard': 1. an area of land devoted to the cultivation of fruit or nut trees. Includes but is broader than (could be much larger than - not small - suggested by the gloss) noun sense 1 of 'orchard' in WordNet: 1. (2) grove, woodlet, orchard, plantation - (garden consisting of a small cultivated wood without undergrowth)`
Super-classes	OutsideLocation^c Garden^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op min 10 isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Cultivation^c

Orchestra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orchestra`
Description	COSMO note:as of v0.49, an Orchestra is an Organization, but a Band is a GroupOfPeople. This may change. Note that the associated goup ''OrchestraMembers'' is a''MusicGroup''. `Cyc: An Organization whose members assemble in one place from time to time to play musical instruments together. The associated GroupOfPeople is called 'OrchestraMembers'. SUMO: A GroupOfPeople that create InstrumentalMusic together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orchestra' in Wordnet: 1. (10) orchestra - (a musical organization consisting of a group of instrumentalists including string players)`
Super-classes	MusicPerformanceOrganization^c
Sub-classes	SymphonyOrchestra^c

OrchestraMembers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrchestraMembers`
Description	The GroupOfPeople that comprise an Orchestra at any given time. Regardless of the role each plays, each is considered as a 'MusicalPerformer'. NOTE that a 'MusicPerformanceAgent' (a CYC type not yet included in the base COSMO)is not considered as a 'member' of the 'OrchestraMembers'. `This GroupOfPeople is related to an 'Orchestra' by the relation 'hasAssociatedGroupType' (no inverse as of rev999)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c MusicGroup^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only MusicalPerformer^c

OrchestraMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrchestraMusic`
Description	''OrchestraMusic'' is music that is played by an ''Orchestra''.
Super-classes	Music^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Orchestra^c
Sub-classes	MusicalOverture^c

OrchestratingAnOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrchestratingAnOperation`
Description	''OrchestratingAnOperation'' includes both the planning phase in which the Person doing this takes some degree of initiative and subsequently directs the ''Operation'' (performs ''DirectingAnOperation''). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'orchestrate' in WordNet: 2. mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, organise, orchestrate - (plan and direct (a complex undertaking); "he masterminded the robbery")`
Super-classes	DirectingAnOperation^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PlanningAnOperation^c isPerformedBy^op value Mastermind^c hasDirectObject^op value Operation^c

Orchid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orchid`
Description	`RHW: any terrestrial or epiphytic plant of the family Orchidaceae, of temperate and tropical regions, having usually showy flowers. Cf. orchid family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orchid' in WordNet: 1. (1) orchid, orchidaceous plant - (any of numerous plants of the orchid family usually having flowers of unusual shapes and beautiful colors)`
Super-classes	OrchidOrder^c
Sub-classes	VanillaPlant^c VanillaExtract^c

OrchidOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrchidOrder`
Description	An order of plants within the monocot subclass which contains one family, the Orchidaceae. The family is very diverse and one of the largest plant families. Members have complex floral anatomy, and very tiny seeds which lack endosperm, have rudimentary, undifferentiated embryos, and require association with species-specific fungal partners to develop.
Super-classes	MonocotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	Orchid^c

Ordeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ordeal`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ordeal' in WordNet: 1. (3) ordeal - (a severe or trying experience)`
Super-classes	Experience^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Severe^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stressful^c

Ordered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ordered`
Description	'Ordered' is an AttributeValue of Groups that have some kind of ordering. More specific orderings will be subtypes of this AttributeValue, such as 'LinearlyOrdered'. NOTE that this is a subtype of ''Organized'' implying that the 'ordering' is due to the action of some Agent. That Agent could be a natural process. See also ''OrderingRelation'' This attribute corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ordered' and implicitly includes the notion of an 'order' meaning a definable arrangement, and that approximately corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'order' in Wordnet: WN adj 'ordered': 1. (4) ordered - (having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule; 'an ordered sequence') WN noun 'order': 4. (7) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation')
Super-classes	Organized^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Arranged^c Structured^c Systematic^c Self-Help^c Logistical^c LinearlyOrdered^c Ordinal^c

OrderedAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrderedAttributeValue`
Description	An attribute value that is one of at least two values expressing a range of values that have some linear ordering, and may overlap. The protypical ordering is high-medium-low, but many such ordered values can exist. `The ordering can be represented in OWL as a list. As of v0.51 rev 685, the values are not thus ordered. @ToDo - create orderings for Intensive values.`
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	SufficiencyValue^c GoodnessValue^c

OrderedGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrderedGroup`
Description	An OrderedGroup is a Group that has some ordering relation between component elements, such that the ordering relation is not part of the Group but is related to the Group by the relation ''hasOrderingRelation''. The ordering may be of any kind: a simple linear order, or a complex multi-dimensional pattern. The most common kind of OrderedGroup is one that is ''LinearlyOrdered'', and each such Group is an instance of the subtype 'LinearlyOrderedGroup'. A ''Group'' usually has more than one component element, but to allow generalization of certain concepts such as an ActionSeries, an OrderedGroup is allowed to have as few as one component element.so that a Group with only one element is identical to that one element, a characteristic of a 'Mereological Sum') Some Groups whose elements have a common parent type (such as ''Objectgroup'' may be treated as instances of the same type as the individual elements, for at least some relations, such as 'hasMass'' for an ''ObjectGroup'' and its component ''PhysicalObject''s. But generalizations about which relations may be applied to a group and to its individual elements are dificult to find, so those relations that do apply to Groups and their component types need to have both typee in the 'domain' or 'range' list. An OrderedGroup may be physical, whereas a List is an AbstractInformationStore. Therefore not all OrderedGroups are Lists. One may define an OrderedGroup that is a List, if one is careful that the OrderedGroup is also an AbstractInformationStore. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'arrangement' in WordNet, and includes noun sense 4 of 'order': in WordNet: 2. (4) arrangement - (an orderly grouping (of things or persons) considered as a unit; the result of arranging; 'a flower arrangement') WN noun 'order': 4. (7) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation')
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Ordered^c hasOrderingRelation^op some OrderingRelation^c
Sub-classes	Trend^c Arrangement^c OrderedQuartet^c ComplexQuantifier^c TelevisonSeries^c LightingArrangement^c Hierarchy^c SequenceOfStates^c Coincidence^c HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c Array^c TabularOrderedGroup^c ChronologicalSequence^c OrderedTrio^c
In domain of	hasFourthElement^op hasFifthElement^op hasOrderingRelation^op

OrderedPair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrderedPair`
Description	A OrderedPair is a Tuple containing two elements. Note that either element may be null (or for numbers, have a zero value). `@ToDo1221: as an ordered pair, the second element occurs after the first. this means that the 'Group' has an implied relation between the elements., and is therefore may not be just a mereological sum of the two elements. This needs careful thinking. **NOTE that the ordering relation is not specified. For examples of OrderedGroups with the ordering relation specified, see 'Series' and subtypes.`
Super-classes	Pair^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Sub-classes	Measurement^c BothScores^c VelocityVector^c RelationDefault^c Ratio^c AlternativePair^c QuestionAnswerPair^c Prevalence^c EquationSides^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c OrderedPairOfThings^c AgeAtDate^c ComplexNumber^c VaporPressure^c
In domain of	subjectsHaveDifference^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfternoonAndNightTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MorningAndEvening http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EveningAndOneAM http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatAndHisJacket http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunsetAndNightTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MorningAndAfternoon

OrderedPairOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrderedPairOfThings`
Description	An ''OrderedPairOfThings'' is a ''OrderedPair'' consisting of two ''http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing''s of any type in order.
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op value SecondThing^c hasFirstElement^op value FirstThing^c
Sub-classes	Cycle^c

OrderedQuartet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrderedQuartet`
Description	A OrderedQuartet is an OrderedGroup containing four ordered elements
Super-classes	OrderedGroup^c Quartet^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 4^c
Sub-classes	SolubilityValue^c

OrderedTrio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrderedTrio`
Description	A OrderedTrio is a Tuple containing three ordered elements.
Super-classes	Trio^c OrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 3^c hasAttributeValue^op value LinearlyOrdered^c
Sub-classes	SubstanceRatio^c

Ordering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ordering`
Description	COSMO note: 'Command' and 'Order' both imply that the agent (which could be a computer) doing the ordering/commanding has some authority over the agent addressed - but the usage is intermingled to the effect that these terms are difficult to distinguish. In COSMO 'Commanding' and 'Ordering' are treated as synonymous. In WordNet, 'order' is a subtype of 'command' See also 'Ordering' where the agent doing the Ordering does not have authority to force compliance. This follows the RHW sense 1 of 'command' as a synonym of 'order': to direct with specific authority or prerogative; order: The captain commanded his men to attack. This concept may also be expresed linguistically by 'requiring' For making something orderly, see ''Tidying'' and ''Organizing''. This sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'command' in RHW, where 'order' is given as a synonym: 1. to direct with specific authority or prerogative; order: The captain commanded his men to attack. In Cyc called 'Ordering-CommunicationAct': Cyc: A specialization of #$Requesting-CommunicationAct. Each instance of #$Ordering-CommunicationAct is a communication act in which an agent orders one or more other agents to do something. Specializations of #$Ordering-CommunicationAct include #$Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct and #$AssigningAgentToRole. ** more discussion from Doug Foxvog on Ontolog Forum, *** May 1, 2012: Re: Software 'command': I would suggest that InterAgentSoftwareCommand be a pattern of characters or bits falling in a hierarchy such as the following: AbstractInformationStructure ComputerAIS ComputerCode ComputerCodeFunction ComputerCodeCommand InterAgentSoftwareCommand * ordering as a speech act: On Fri, April 27, 2012 18:17, Burkett, William [USA] wrote: > Hello, Ontologists - I've got a question that's been ping-ponging > around my brain lately and thought I'd solicit your input. > What is a 'command' in an ontological sense? I can certainly envision a > hierarchical part-of structure of commands, but is it accurate to > interpret this as a kind of process decomposition (e.g., a Script in > the sense of http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm)? While a > process connotes a 'do', it doesn't necessary connote 'go do', as a > command/imperative would. What is a 'command' in the real world? The word "command" denotes two classes of thing (that i will discuss): a speech act, and an obligation implicit in the speech act. Instead of starting from scratch to answer what each of these is, we can look at work that has already been done. In OpenCyc, the speech act is a subclass of Requesting, which is a subclass of CommunicationAct. It is distinguished from Insisting (for which the requester has no authority to require the action) and other sorts of request for which no obligation is implied. Commanding is a subclass of Ordering, but OpenCyc does not make clear the distinction clear. Requests directly have the properties actAccededTo - agent does what the request requests typeOfThingRequested - [obvious] Other properties (communicator, communication target, timing properties, ...) are inherited from more general categories. In OpenCyc, more interesting things can be said about the obligation than about the speech act, which details the mechanics of the speech act and assigns the obligation to the communication target. An obligation has a number of properties; OpenCyc has ontologized the following at that level: obligingAgents - who imposed the obligation obligatedAgents - who is obligated obligationParticipants - either of the above obligationPeriod - the time period for which the obligation holds subObligations - parts of the obligation which are themselves obligations obligationOwedTo - the party to whom the obligation is owed obligationHasPriorityOverObligationForAgent - a ranking of obligations cocObligations - a code of conduct has this as an obligation moratoriumOn - a moratorium suspends this obligation derivedObligation - a specification has this as a derived obligation resultingTermInOffice - an event has created an obligation (to serve a term) obligationsCreated - an event has created this obligation agentViolatesObligation - [obvious] agentFulfillsObligation - [obvious] obligationsViolated - an action has violated an obligation agentObligationInSituation - an agent is obligated within a situation obligationFulfilled - an action fulfills an obligation agentBelievesInObligation - agent believes it is obligated by an obligation An #$Obligation is a subclass of #$NormativeSpecification, so other properties are defined at that level. Below is OpenCyc's subcategories of Requesting: ... CommunicationAct-Single Requesting-CommunicationAct Demanding-CommunicationAct Demanding-Threatening ... DemandingApology ... Ultimatum DiplomaticRequest GettingBids OfferingABribe Ordering-CommunicationAct AssigningAgentToRole AssigningATask * ... Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct SettingUpADirectDebit SettingUpAStandingOrder RequestingAction ... RequestingInformation ... RequestingItems ... * ... - - - doug foxvog - - - > Context of question: In a SOA-based software development effort, how > would ontological principles help with naming/function of services and > commands offered through the service interface? > > What do you think? (Is that a dangerous question to ask this crowd? > ;-)) > > Bill > *** End Foxvog comment ********************************* Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'order', sense 4 of 'tell', and sense 1 of 'direct' and sense 3 of 'require' and noun sense 1 of 'order' in Wordnet: 1. (28) order, tell, enjoin, say - (give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority; 'I said to him to go home'; 'She ordered him to do the shopping'; 'The mother told the child to get dressed') WN 'direct': 1. (17) direct - (command with authority; 'He directed the children to do their homework') WN WN It partially overlaps with sense 2 of 'command' in WN, but WN 'command' in this sense is a subtype of 'order' in WN - WN 2. (8) command, require, compel - (make someone do something) WN verb 'require': 3. (16) command, require, compel - (make someone do something) WN noun 'order': 1. (26) order - ((often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed; 'the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London') WN verb 'dictate': 1. (8) order, prescribe, dictate - (issue commands or orders for)
Super-classes	Requesting^c SocialOccurrence^c ControllingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCreated^op value CommandPhrase^c isPerformedBy^op some Authority^c
Sub-classes	TransmittingaComputerInstruction^c AssigningaResponsibility^c AssigningaRule^c Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct^c SendingForSomeone^c

Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct

Description

COSMO note: this differs slightly from the Cyc interpretation. In COSMO, this is an Avtion in which a commonader of a military unit - as small as a squad - issues an order. The command must some from a commander of a unit, not just someone of superior rank.

    Cyc:  A collection of instances of
        #$Ordering-CommunicationAct. Each instance is an instance of
        a #$MilitaryPerson issuing an order to another
        #$MilitaryPerson of inferior rank or to a subordinate
        #$ModernMilitaryOrganization that the
        #$issuerOfOrder-Military is entitled to command.

Super-classes ExercisingCommandAndControl^c
IBTGeneration^c
Ordering^c

OrderingRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrderingRelation`
Description	An ''OrderingRelation'' is some relation between the Things in an OrderedGroup that described how they are ordered. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ordering' in WordNet: 1. (4) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
In range of	hasOrderingRelation^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SequentiallyOrdered http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChronologicallyOrdered http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlphabeticallyOrdered http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TabularOrdered

OrderingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrderingaGroup`
Description	''OrderingaGroup'' is a ''DesigningAnArrangement'' that puts a Group of things - abstract or physical - into an ordered arrangement according to some principle. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'order' in WordNet: 5. (1) order - (bring order to or into; 'Order these files')`
Super-classes	DesigningAnArrangement^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Group^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Ordered^c produces^op value OrderedGroup^c
Sub-classes	SequencingaGroup^c Systematizing^c

Orderliness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orderliness`
Description	A PersistentState in which objects are arranged in a manner conforming to a rule, or people act according to explicit or implicit societal rules. This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'orderliness' and refers to noun senses 3, 4, and and 5 of 'order' in WordNet: WN noun 'orderliness': 2. orderliness, order - (a condition of regular or proper arrangement; 'he put his desk in order'; 'the machine is now in working order') WN noun 'order': 3. (7) order - (established customary state (especially of society); 'order ruled in the streets'; 'law and order') 4. (7) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation') 5. (4) orderliness, order - (a condition of regular or proper arrangement; 'he put his desk in order'; 'the machine is now in working order')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Arranged^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Ordered^c

Orderly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orderly`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'orderly' in Wordnet: 6. ordered, orderly, regulated - (marked by system or regularity or discipline; 'a quiet ordered house'; 'an orderly universe'; 'a well regulated life')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Methodical^c

Ordinal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ordinal

Description

''Ordinal'' is an AttributeValue of Numbers and Groups and elements of a Series.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'ordinal' in Wordnet:
      2. ordinal - (being or denoting a numerical order in a series; 
         'ordinal numbers'; 'held an ordinal rank of seventh')

Super-classes Ordered^c

OrdinalNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrdinalNumber`
Description	A Number that expresses a position in a sequence, as contrasted with a cardinal number that represents some quantity of things. Ordinal numbers map to the integers. NOTE that an OrdinalNumber can also appear in fractions, in which it has a different meaning. The Lexical Expert routing must disambiguate. @ToDO r755 - perhaps an OrdinalNumber should be a subtype of FunctionalAttributeValue rather than Number? SUMO uses ordinals like 'first' 'last' as functions. Numbers and AttributeValues are disjoint - this needs some additional thought. COSMO version 0.52 has reified only the first twelve OrdinalNumbers. When others are needed, they can be reified in-line with the relations using them. In addition to the specific numerical OrdinalNumbers, three vague OrdinalNumbers are defined for orders that are unknown but must nevertheless be specified by some restriction: 'Unranked'; 'LowRank' and 'HighRank'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ordinal number' in WordNet: 1. ordinal number, ordinal, no. - (the number designating place in an ordered sequence)
Super-classes	Number^c
In domain of	hasOrderNumber^dp hasNumericalAbbreviation^dp
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thirteenth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sixth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sixteenth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thirtieth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fourteenth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twenty-first http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hundredth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eleventh http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unranked http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seventh http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seventeenth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Next http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ninth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twentieth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nineteenth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Second http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fifteenth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thousandth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Millionth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighRank http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eighth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twelfth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fourth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Previous http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sixtieth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#First http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Third http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eighteenth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tenth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowRank http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fifth

Ordinance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ordinance`
Description	A ''Ordinance'' is a ''Statute'' (a ''RuleForBehavior'') created by a local legislative body (''CityGovernment'' - City Council, City Committee, Township Council, etc). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ordinance' in WordNet: 2. ordinance - (a statute enacted by a city government)`
Super-classes	Statute^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value CityGovernment^c

Ore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ore`
Description	SolidSubstance obtained from the ground, either 'as is' or when ''Refined-Purified'' is a source of a Mineral. NOTE: WordNet considers Ore to be a mineral, but in COSMO an Ore has a Mineral as a component. This allows for low-grade Ores, and allows 'Mineral' to be more chemically defined. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ore' in WordNet: 1. (5) ore - (a mineral that contains metal that is valuable enough to be mined)`
Super-classes	MineralResource^c SolidSubstance^c InorganicMaterial^c NaturalTangibleStuff^c Input^c NaturalResourceSubstance^c
Restrictions	isProcessedBy^op value Refining^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Mineral^c isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value Mining^c isDerivedFrom^op value UndergroundLocation^c hasOriginalLocation^op value Ground^c
Sub-classes	Chalcopyrite^c Scheelite^c MetalOre^c

OreBonanza^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OreBonanza`
Description	An ''OreBonanza''' is a large ''MineralVein'' that is ''Precious'' in monetary value. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bonanza' in WordNet: 1. bonanza - (an especially rich vein of precious ore)`
Super-classes	MineralVein^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Precious^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Oregano^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oregano`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'oregano' in WordNet: 2. marjoram, oregano - (pungent leaves used as seasoning with meats and fowl and in stews and soups and omelets)`
Super-classes	HerbSeasoning^c Spice^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Marjoram^c

Organ^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organ`
Description	COSMO adopts the Cyc usage that an Organ is a localized body part, and the nervous system as a whole is not an Organ, though the Brain is. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$Organ is a part of an animal that has a specialized physiological function and is more or less localized within the animal. Examples include hearts, kidneys, and tongues. Specializations include #$InternalOrgan and #$ExternalOrgan. Note that, in most contexts, a distributed system like a #$NervousSystem or a (#$SkinOnFn #$WholeBody) is not an #$Organ. SUMO: A somewhat independent BodyPart that performs a specialized function. Note that this functional definition covers bodily systems, e.g. the digestive system or the central nervous system. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'organ' in WordNet: 1. (8) organ - (a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function)
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	ExternalOrgan^c SensoryReceptor^c Stinger^c VitalOrgan^c Tongue^c InternalOrgan^c SexOrgan^c

Organelle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organelle`
Description	This is the collection of organelles (individuals, not types). An organelle is a specialized structure or compartment within a eukaryotic cell, which is responsible for carrying out certain isolated functions. Organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, the cytoskeleton and (in plant cells only) chloroplasts and vacuoles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organelle' in WordNet: 1. organelle, cell organelle, cell organ - (a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ; 'the first organelle to be identified was the nucleus')`
Super-classes	CellPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Cell^c
Sub-classes	Ribosome^c CellNucleus^c Cilium^c Chromosome^c

Organic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organic

Description

The AttributeValue ''Organic'' asserts thst the subject thus characterized consists mostly of an ''OrganicSubstance'', i.e. either a chemical substance having carbon atoms in its composition, or a substance produced by an ''Organism'', which also should have carbon in it.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'organic' in WordNet:
         1. (22) organic - (relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis;
              'hydrocarbons are organic compounds')
         2. (1) organic - (of or relating to or derived from living organisms; 'organic soil')

Super-classes SubstanceAttributeValue^c

OrganicAcid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganicAcid`
Description	An ''OrganicAcid'' is an 'OrganicCompound', with a carboxyl group as part of its structure.
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c Acid^c
Restrictions	hasChemicalGroup^op value CarboxylGroup^c
Sub-classes	AminoAcid^c AceticAcid^c BenzoicAcid^c ButanoicAcid^c Aspirin^c

OrganicBase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganicBase`
Description	An Organic chemical which has an amine group that can accept a proton, and is therefore basic, a subtype of 'ChemicallyBasicSubstance'. Note that such a compound can also have a carboxyl, and be acidic, in which case it may be amphoteric - effectively neutral though formally falling into both base and acid categories. Amino acids and proteins can be amphoteric.
Super-classes	ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c OrganicCompound^c

OrganicCompound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganicCompound`
Description	An OrganicSubstance which is relatively well defined as to chemical composition, or has some well-defined substructure (such as 'BetaLactam', for which each molecule contains at least one atom of carbon bonded to another carbon or to a hydrogen atom. This includes polymeric materials that are mixtures of molecules of different length having the same repeating backbone component in the monomer unit(s), such as DNA or rubber. This excludes mixtures of biological substance such as bone, blood, or secretions. An OrganicCompound can be partly ionic, such as the salts of fatty acids, nucleic acids, and some proteins. Compounds (such as carbon dioxide or carbon tetrachloride), in which no carbon is bonded to another carbon or a hydrogen atom, are inorganic, and not organic. So the presence of Carbon is not a sufficient condition for this type, though it is necessary. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'organic compound', but excludes substances that do not have a hydrogen directly bound to some carbon, as do carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride; in WordNet: 1. organic compound - (any compound of carbon and another element or a radical)
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c CarbonCompound^c
Sub-classes	Pyridine^c Melanin^c Opiate^c TetraHydroCannabinol^c Morphine^c Opioid^c NucleicAcid^c BetaLactam^c Steroid^c Petrochemical^c Amine^c PetroleumJelly^c Ester^c FreeMonomerUnit^c BiochemicalCompound^c Alcohol^c Ether^c Chlorofluorocarbon^c Triglyceride^c AcrylateCompound^c Rubber^c OrganicAcid^c CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance^c NitroMethane^c Quinolone^c Acetate^c Aldehyde^c AliphaticCompound^c Nitroglycerine^c AromaticCompound^c AminoAcid^c OrganicBase^c Ketone^c Hydrocarbon^c TNT^c

OrganicMaterialObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganicMaterialObject`
Description	In Cyc, named 'OrganicMaterial'. This can be a solid or liquid, and can be an object composed of complex material from a living thing, or an organic chemical of defined composition. Objects composed of any form of Organic Chemical are instances of this type. Cyc: A collection of tangible things. Each instance of #$OrganicMaterial is a tangible thing composed of one or more types of organic #$Molecule. Instances of #$OrganicMaterial usually have their origin in the bodies (or other products) of living things. Since some organic substances can be synthesized, #$OrganicMaterial is not a subcollection of #$NaturalTangibleStuff. Chemically, instances of #$OrganicMaterial have fairly (or very) complex carbon-based structures. Examples include all instances of the collections #$Oil, #$DNAStuff, #$Alcohol-Compound, #$Ivory, and #$AnimalBodyPart.
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Carbon^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value OrganicSubstance^c
Sub-classes	LeatherObject^c PieceOfThread^c DeadOrganism^c MulchLayer^c PaperObject^c OrganicObject^c FoodObject^c

OrganicObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganicObject`
Description	An OrganicObject is an object at least as large as a cell of an organism, that consists predominantly of substances which are living or are derived from living things, or are synthetic substances similar to those found in living things. An OrganicObject may be living or dead, or if dead, highly processed, providing that the main active constituent is derived from or similar to those in living things. Thus one muscle or one apple pie would each be an OrganicObject, but one virus particle would be too small to qualify. A macroscopic object consisting of macromolecules such as protein, nucleic acid, or polysaccharide similar to those found naturally would be OrganicObjects, but a quantity of small molecules such as alcohol or amino acid would not be. In the triad 'animal, vegetable or mineral', this would be either of animal or vegetable. `NOTE that this Type is disjoint with MineralObject, though an OrganicObject may have some minor portions of Mineral in it. NOTE in particular that a Corpse, skeleton, and FuneraryAshes are classified as 'OrganicObject' although a strong fire may have removed almost all of the carbon in it.`
Super-classes	OrganicMaterialObject^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalLivingObject^c Cocoon^c GallStone^c Cornea^c AnimalBody^c CorkStopper^c Snot^c CombustibleObject^c Kernel^c Food-ReadyToEat^c Gill^c LifeForm^c PieceOfWood^c EdibleObject^c Hide-BodyPart^c Pelt^c GrainOfCereal^c SpinalCord^c EarOfCorn^c Remains^c

OrganicSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganicSubstance`
Description	COSMO note: This is similar to the Cyc concept 'OrganicMaterial' but has been reinterpreted in COSMO as a substance, not an object. Also, in COSMO cellular substances such as animal and vegetable materials are subtypes of OrganicSubstance, even though they contain up to 80% by weight of water. So it is not necessary that a substance be composed mostly of organic chemicals to qualify as an 'OrganicSubstance', but the organic compoounds should comprise most of the non-solvent portion of the substance. Other than the object/substance distinction, it is close to 'OrganicMaterial', but whether there is any useful distinction has not been resolved as of COSMO version 0.48. For *objects* that are composed predomintly from stuff derived from living things, see 'OrganicObject'. NOTE that an OrganicSubstance can be complex, and can include inorganic substances such as water. For substances composed predominantly of organic chemicals, use 'OrganicCompound' COSMO: An OrganicSubstance is a PhysicalSubstance (not an Object) whose molecules (other than inert solvent such as water) are composed predominantly of carbon atoms bonded directly either to other carbon atoms or to hydrogen atoms. Many other elements may occur in organic substances, especially oxygen and nitrogen, but the dominant molecules should each have at least one of either a carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bond. Cyc: A collection of tangible things. Each instance of #$OrganicMaterial is a tangible thing composed of one or more types of organic #$Molecule. Instances of #$OrganicMaterial usually have their origin in the bodies (or other products) of living things. Since some organic substances can be synthesized, #$OrganicMaterial is not a subcollection of #$NaturalTangibleStuff. Chemically, instances of #$OrganicMaterial have fairly (or very) complex carbon-based structures. Examples include all instances of the collections #$Oil, #$DNAStuff, #$Alcohol-Compound, #$Ivory, and #$AnimalBodyPart.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Carbon^c
Sub-classes	OrganicCompound^c Glycerol^c Spruce^c Coke^c Charcoal^c AcrylateCompound^c Leather^c Hydrocarbons^c Alkaloid^c MacroMolecularSubstance^c InternalBodyFluid^c Fir^c Paper^c Feces^c PavingAsphalt^c FattySubstance^c Denim^c Latex^c Vitamin^c BiochemicalCompound^c FoodThickener^c Oleoresin^c BreakfastFood^c Satin^c Vaccine^c Cork^c Plastic^c Perfume^c SolidAnimalMatter^c Petroleum^c Oil^c WallPaper^c Pollen^c Coal^c Grass^c BotulinumToxin^c HairLikeSubstance^c Pus^c Rennet^c FossilFuel^c PetroleumProduct^c SilkOrLace^c Toxin^c Wood^c Lymph^c Asphalt^c Canvas^c NaturalGas^c EdibleStuff^c Honey^c TetraHydroCannabinol^c Gum^c Resin^c VegetableMatter^c Glue^c NaturalResin^c Venom^c DownFeathers^c Biopolymer^c SilkFabric^c Silk^c Biosolids^c

Organism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organism`
Description	In Cyc called 'Organism-Whole'. An Organism must be a whole individual, composed of one or more cells, capable of living independently of other living things (though it may have to feed on other living things, even as a parasite). This cannot be just part of an organism, such as a liver removed and fed in a perfusion apparatus. An organism can be single-celled, like a bacterium. An organism must have a cell membrane that separates the internal cytoplasm from the exterior environment while it is living and metabolizing. Therefore a virus is not an organism, but a different form of life. A seed or spore or other reproductive body that is not metabolically active is not considered as a whole Organism, but as a part or a life stage of an Organism. NOTE carefully that in COSMO v0.2 the category 'Organism' by default is intended to represent typical living adults forms of an organism, but abnormal forms are not actually excluded logically. Therefore though we make certain necessary assertions about an 'Organism' without being concerned about exceptions, the results will be true only in the default case and certain logical contradictiona may occur. This is a temporary measure until a better way of handling default reasoning is implemented. Note, for example, that dead organisms are still categorized as Organisms (this is used mostly for People), even though an Organism is disjoint with 'InanimateThing' - this is to allow the reasoner to catch unintended mistakes of classification. . When exceptional circumstances are encountered, one should use the category 'ImmatureOrganism' or 'AbnormalOrganism'. Rather than reify such categories for each organism type, they can be generated by use of functions on the typical organism Type. If functions are not available in some implementation, reification may be necessary. A more accurate solution would be to leave the organisms as generic, and create a 'typical adult' subtype to hold the values for the prototype. This requires a quasi-duplicate typical type for each organism, which may ultimately be better, but is avoided at the present COSMO stage of version 0.2. Cyc: A specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject. Each instance of #$Organism-Whole is a biological living object (BLO) that is a whole, and not part of some other BLO. Most instances of #$Organism-Whole are capable of existing and reproducing while physically separate from other organisms (with allowances for eating and mating). Abnormal BLOs which are nonetheless considered to be instances of #$Organism-Whole include instances of #$Virus, as well as sterile hybrids and colony organisms, like those in slime molds or the instances of #$PortugueseManOfWar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organism' in Wordnet: 1. (9) organism, being - (a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently)
Super-classes	SpatiallyContinuousThing^c FunctionalObject^c MoistObject^c LifeForm^c BiologicalLivingObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Cell^c
Sub-classes	EukaryoticOrganism^c AquaticOrganism^c Insectivore^c ArtifactOrganism^c DiseaseVector^c TerrestrialOrganism^c AbnormalOrganism^c Mutant^c Heterotroph^c LivingOrganism^c Hermaphrodite^c InfectiousReservoir^c HostForParasite^c FemaleOrganism^c DeadPerson^c Microorganism^c HybridOrganism^c MaleOrganism^c MulticellularOrganism^c Parasite^c NonvascularOrganism^c Animal^c ImmatureOrganism^c CarnivorousOrganism^c
In domain of	hasGender^op wasAliveDuring^op
In range of	hadIngestingAgent^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eve-Biblical http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Adam-Biblical

OrganismAperture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganismAperture`
Description	A ''OrganismAperture'' is an ''Aperture'' that is part of an ''Organism'', internal or external. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'aperture' in WordNet: 2. aperture - (a natural opening in something)`
Super-classes	Aperture^c OrganismPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	BodilyOrifice^c

OrganismCollapse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganismCollapse`
Description	''OrganismCollapse'' is the Action (usually passive) in which some ''Animal'' undergoes a deterioration in bodily stamina or vitality sufficient to either render the animal unconscious or unable to perform normal activities. This is a physical, not a mental 'collapse'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collapse' and verb sense 2 in WordNet: 1. (3) collapse - (an abrupt failure of function or health) WN verb 'collapse': 2. (7) break down, collapse - (collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack)`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c GettingSick^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some AilmentType^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Stamina^c

OrganismCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganismCondition`
Super-classes	SystemCondition^c PhysicalSituation^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some (Organism^c or OrganismType^c)
Sub-classes	NormalOrganismCondition^c PhysiologicalCondition^c Fertility^c Status^c Hyperpigmentation^c Disease^c

OrganismPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganismPart`
Description	COSMO note: an object is considered as an OrganismPart even if it was severed from the Organism of which it was originally a part. The distinction, when required, between in situ and separated parts is made by assigning attributes to the part. A specialization of both #$PhysicalPartOfObject and #$BiologicalLivingObject. Each instance of OrganismPart is an anatomical part of an organism. This collection includes the gross anatomical parts and microscopic anatomical parts of every individual of every species. In SUMO, approximate equivalent is 'AnatomicalStructure' SUMO: A collection of Cells and Tissues which are localized to a specific area of an Organism and which are not pathological. The instances of this Class range from gross structures to small components of complex Organs.
Super-classes	FunctionalObject^c FiatObjectPart^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c BiologicalLivingObject^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some Organism^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	SpineSpikeOrQuill^c ReproductiveBody^c ConnectiveTissue^c Strand^c BloodObject^c CellPart^c Lobe^c SupportingOrganismPart^c OrganismSheath^c BodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c PlantPart^c Appendage^c OrganismAperture^c

OrganismPartType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganismPartType`
Description	OrganismPartType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for parts of organisms - plants,anma,or microorganisms.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	AnimalBodyPartType^c
Members	Flagellum Appendage OrganismPart ReproductiveBody SupportingOrganismPart SpineSpikeOrQuill ExternalAnatomicalPart CellPart PlantPart

OrganismPrevalence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganismPrevalence`
Description	An ''OrganismPrevalence'' is the Total number or density of some Organism in some Place, which could be a large ''EcologicalPlace'' or an Organism, or a small sample of material from any PhysicalObject.
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some Organism^c occursAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c)

OrganismSheath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganismSheath`
Description	An ''OrganismSheath'' is a natural ''Sheath'' that covers some part of a plant or animal. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'sheath' in WordNet: 1. (2) sheath - (a protective covering for a knife or sword)`
Super-classes	Sheath^c OrganismPart^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value Organism^c

OrganismType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganismType`
Description	OrganismType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for LifeForms (including LifeForms that are not true Organisms) and an argument restriction for various relations on specific types of organisms. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	LifeFormType^c
Sub-classes	AnimalType^c BiologicalTaxonType^c BacteriumType^c SporeFormerType^c PlantType^c
Members	PepperPlant DomesticPet Plant CoronaVirus Lobster GingerPlant Saccharomyces SaccharomycesCerevisiae LivingBiologicalAgent Virus Parasite Nematode Crayfish Barnacle CoronaVirusCOVID-19 Cat Anthrax-Bacterium Ciliate MarineOrganism Rabies-Virus SugarBeet DependentLifeForm SalmonellaTyphosa MoneraOrganism ArtifactOrganism BeetPlant Measles-Virus FelisGenus Amoeba Radiata AbnormalOrganism Martian FreshWaterFish Tetanus-Bacterium Mutant Organism InsectivorousMammal GrassFamily Krill Protozoan Frog WheatPlant TomatoPlant MicroLifeForm Flagellate EukaryoticOrganism PeanutPlant Rhizopod PortugueseManOfWar Shrew Cannabis Hermaphrodite Saprophyte AquaticOrganism InfectiousReservoir AlleyCat PathogenicMicroorganism Pathogen TerrestrialOrganism Bacteriophage RicePlant ItchMite ShallotPlant HostForParasite Herpes-Virus Smallpox-Virus Crab Ladybug Feline HempFamily Freak Microbe Shrimp DNAVirus Microorganism Phototroph Insectivore Crocus MalacostracanCrustacean Begonia HybridOrganism HerpesZosterVirus Heterotroph HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus Iris BeanPlant

Organization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organization`
Description	COSMO note: In COSMO, an Organization differs from its representation in some other ontologies. In COSMO, an Organization is not a group of people, it is a MentalObject, an artifact created by people. the essence of an Organization is that it is organized. It therefore must have an explicit set of organizing principles (a charter or constitution) whether that is written or, as in some small informal organizations, merely retained in the minds of its members. In addition to its charter, an Organization will have one or more lists of associated agents (people or other organizations). There may be more than one list, and the 'members' may not be called members. For most Organizations the lst of 'members' can change rapidly, and defining the Organization simply as a 'group' of people leaves its identity unecessarily fluid. However, some Organizations (such as the UN or a ''SportsLeague'') have a relatively stable membership so that the list of 'members' is a defining characteristic of the organization, as well as its Charter. In that case, that kind of Organization can be represented both as an a formal ''Organization'' with a Charter, but also as a Group with the list of members providing much of the meaning. These two representations will not be contradictory as long as the Group is not also specified to be a PhysicalObject. A complex organization like a corporation may have several lists, e.g. board members, stockholders, corporate officers, employees, even long-term contractors. The relationships of the agents on those lists to the organization and to each other is specified in the charter. Any or all of the lists of associated agents ('members' in simple organizations) may be empty. An Organization can exist without members, and this differs from the specification in SUMO (below). There are some bordeline cases where groups of people have some degree of organizing principle, but no charter (consitution) developed specifically for that group. In those cases, such groups wll be instances of 'GroupOfPeople'. An example is a jury, which is called together by the judicial system, not organized by its members for their own purposes. A pick-up team of basketball or baseball players playing one day and not remaining as a team is also a GroupOfPeople. But stable suborganizations of larger organizations, such as a company or platoon of soldiers, is an Organization and not just a GroupOfPeople. Because an Organization in COSMO is not a physical object, the parts of Cyc or other ontologies that consider Organization as a subtype of group of people (a physical object) will be inconsistent. Some effort will be needed to convert Organizations in other ontologies to its representation in COSMO. NOTE: When an Organization is said to act as an 'Agent', there necessarily must be some physical agent that in fact performs the action. Thus the 'agency' of an organization differs from that of physical agents, as it will be indirect. Organization is also a subtype of 'IntelligentAgent', meaning that it can 'understand' language. This stretches the meaning of what a 'MentalObject' can be, but this representation allows one to express the properties and actions of Organization as agents in much the came way one can talk of individual people. In reality, the actions of an Organization are performed by individual people acting on the Organization's behalf. This nuance should be included in the concept of Organization, but cannot be expressed in OWL. @ToDo1: when the FOL version of COSMO is created, the proper relations of Organization action and some Person's action should be added; when an Organization 'does' something, we should be able to asK what person (or computer program) 'did' that on the Organization's behalf.. NOTE that an Organization is a LegalAgent, which is a Role, therefore needs a RoleFiller. Because an Organization is also an Object, if no more concrete individuals are known who fill the role, the Organization itself can be a RoleFiller. See 'TheBigRedOne' for an example. Every Organization is an 'Authority' because it creates rules, at least for its own members with respect to the organization. SUMO: An Organization is a corporate or similar institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Corporation and the accounting department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. Note too that the existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection). Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious member should be assumed. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all organizations. Each instance of #$Organization is a group whose group-members are instances of #$IntelligentAgent. In each instance of #$Organization, certain relationships and obligations exist between the members of the organization, or between the organization and its members. Instances of #$Organization include both informal and legally constituted organizations. Each instance of #$Organization can undertake projects, enter into agreements, own property, and do other tasks characteristic of agents; consequently, #$Organization is a specialization of the collection #$Agent. Notable specializations of #$Organization include #$LegalGovernmentOrganization, #$CommercialOrganization, and #$GeopoliticalEntity. DOLCE: A socially-constructed person with a complex articulation of tasks, roles and figures. COSMO note: the superfluous parent Type 'Thing' was added so as to make this important Type easily visible by drill-down in the hierarchy. This is most closely represented by noun sense 1 of 'organization' in WordNet, but differs in that WordNet, as some other classifications, consider an Organization to be a subtype of 'group of people'. In COSMO there are groups of people associated with an Organization, but the Organization is a more abstract artifactual creation. Nevertheless, the usage will probably be identical except in rare circumstances. in WordNet: 1. (697) organization, organisation - (a group of people who work together)
Super-classes	owl:Thing^c Authority^c IntelligentAgent^c GenericLocation^c CollectiveAgent^c
Sub-classes	Association^c ProductDisplayOrganization^c NonGovernmentalOrganization^c OrganizationWithClients^c PublicUtility^c HealthcareOrganization^c StandardsOrganization^c FinancialOrganization^c EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization^c IdeologicalOrganization^c DepartmentOfTheUS_Government^c EducationalOrganization^c BreweryOrganization^c Coalition^c LaborUnion^c Committee^c Polity^c LocalOrganization^c Suborganization^c Federation^c MilitaryOrganization^c Team^c Troupe^c BroadcastingOrganization^c Tribunal^c AutomobileManufacturer^c Bureaucracy^c Corporation^c ServiceOrganization^c ResearchOrganization^c Library-Organization^c Institution^c Council^c NobelPrizeCommittee^c JudicialOrganization^c LibraryOrganization^c Syndicate^c InsuranceOrganization^c AdvocacyOrganization^c GovernmentalAuthority^c ParishOrganization^c
In domain of	hasCharter^op hasAssociatedGroupType^op
In range of	wasIssuedBy^op isTheCharterOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Knights_Templar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfHomelandSecurity http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfJustice-USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfHealthAndHumanServices http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecordingAcademy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfHousingAndUrbanDevelopment http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfVeteransAffairs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfEnergy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfLabor http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AcademyOfMotionPictureArtsAndSciences http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfTransportation http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheUnitedStatesArmy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfTheTreasury http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfEducation http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfAgriculture http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#US_PostOffice http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfState http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfDefense http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBigRedOne http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfTheInterior http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DepartmentOfCommerce http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfTheUSA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GovernmentOfGreatBritain http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheNewYorkYankees http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HenryFordMuseum

OrganizationAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationAction`
Description	A ''OrganizationAction'' is some Action taken by an ''Organization'', which can be an Organization of any kind or size, but it needs to be organized. Most common are actions by commercial or government organizations, or or by NGO's. `For normal operations of a 'business' use subtype ''BusinessOperation''.`
Super-classes	HumanGroupActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	In-HouseOperation^c BusinessOperation^c Implementation^c

OrganizationByCustomersType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationByCustomersType`
Description	CYC: A collection of three disjoint collections, #$OrganizationWithBusinessCustomers, #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers, and #$OrganizationWithoutCustomers. The #$Organizations that are instances of the collections which are instances of #$OrganizationByClients are distinguished by the types of customers they serve or by their lack of customers (customers being used here in the sense of #$customers)
Super-classes	OrganizationType^c

OrganizationEmployees^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationEmployees

Description

A group of 'OrganizationEmployees'' is the ''WorkForce'' of paid workers that can be directed by some ''Manager'' of an Organization. This type is for all of the ''Employee''s of some Organization. Smaller groups can be represented by the parent 'WorkForce'' or by creating a specialized subtype of '''WorkForce''

    NOTE: this type is intended to be the full complement of employees of an Organization,
      but specifying that may require FOL axioms. Needs further consideration.  @ToDo.
    The distinction between the parent ''Personnel'' and this type ''OrganizationEmployees''
    is not yet clearly defined. Thus a ''PoliceForce'' is a direct subtype
    of ''Personnel'', not this type.  Perhaps this is a better parent??


    NOTe: there is no exact synset on WN representing this concept.  The closest 'personnel' 
       is broader but can be used as a label here.  'force' is used for other concepts.
      Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'personnel' in WordNet:
        1. (27) force, personnel - (group of people willing to obey orders;
            'a public force is necessary to give security to the rights of citizens')

Super-classes Personnel^c

OrganizationHierarchy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationHierarchy`
Description	A ''OrganizationHierarchy'' is an abstract ''Hierarchy'' in which the parent-daughter links represent the power or administrative reporting relations among the members of an Organization. An 'organization chart' may have an ''OrganizationHierarchy'' as a component. The termused to represent the parent-daughter relation may vary with the organization. `Similar to Wikipedia ''Command Hierarchy': A command hierarchy is a group of people who carry out orders based on others' authority within the group. It can be viewed as part of a power structure, in which it is usually seen as the most vulnerable and also the most powerful part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hierarchy' in WordNet: 2. (2) hierarchy, power structure, pecking order - (the organization of people at different ranks in an administrative body)`
Super-classes	Hierarchy^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value OrganizationMembers^c

organization identification code^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationIdentificationCode

Description

A FIBO concept, being a text string unique to an Organization and used for identification purposes.

       Codes may be created by non-governmental bodies.

     skos-definition: 'A textual code which uniquely identifies a formal organization;
       Further Notes: Things which may identified by this kind of code Include but 
       are not restricted to Legal Entity. At this most general level, this may be
       the identifier for a Fund, for a Legal Entity, for a Trust, or for the
       LEI scope of Artificial Person plus Trust.

Super-classes AbstractString^c
Identifier^c

OrganizationIdentificationCodeList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationIdentificationCodeList`
Description	A 'OrganizationIdentificationCodeList' is a CodeList that is part of a 'OrganizationIdentificationScheme' that includes the 'OrganizationIdentificationCode's for some Organizations, plus the description of how to assign such codes.
Super-classes	CodeList^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some organization identification code^c hasComponentElement^op only organization identification code^c

organization identification code^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationIdentificationScheme`
Description	A FIBO concept, being some systematic way to identify an Organization, according to which 'OrganizationIdentificationCode's are created, adn those used for identification purposes. `Such schemes may be managed by non-governmental bodies. skos-definition: 'A formal scheme defining identification codes for a business entity.'`
Super-classes	CodeSpecification^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op value OrganizationIdentificationCodeList^c

OrganizationIndustrySectorClassification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationIndustrySectorClassification`
Description	A 'OrganizationIndustrySectorClassification' seems to be either a scheme for classifying businesses according to sector, or the list of Industry sectors according to which a business can be classified. Unclear. The COSMO representation requires more detail. `As a placeholder, we make this a subtype 'KnowledgeClassificationSystem' and create a 'IndustrySector' as a part of an Economy. skos-definition: 'The classification of an organization in terms of the industry sector in which it carries out business.`
Super-classes	KnowledgeClassificationSystem^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op some IndustrySectorList^c

OrganizationMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationMember`
Description	An OrganizationMember a member of an Organization. `This corresponds to the FIBO 'organization member'. uses SKOS def: 'A member of some formally constituted organization.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'member' in WordNet: 1. (521) member - (one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participates in a group organization); 'only members will be admitted'; 'a member of the faculty'; 'she was introduced to all the members of his family')`
Super-classes	PartyInRole^c Member^c
Sub-classes	OfficerInOrganization^c BoardOfDirectorsMember^c

OrganizationMembers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationMembers`
Description	The GroupOfPeople that are associated with an ''Organization'' as 'members', each of whom satisfies the criteria for membership in that ''Organization''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'membership' (for people) in WordNet: 1. (10) membership, rank - (the body of members of an organization or group; 'they polled their membership'; 'they found dissension in their own ranks'; 'he joined the ranks of the unemployed')`
Super-classes	OrganizationMembership^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Person^c
Sub-classes	TeamMembers^c

OrganizationMembership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationMembership`
Description	OrganizationMembership is the category that will include all of the agents called 'members' of an Organization (at any given time). An organization may have no affiliates called 'members' (who is a 'member' of the US government?), but may have other lists of affiliated persons. This category will be useful for reasoning about the members of an Organization, as contrasted with the Organization itself (consider the average age of the memberhip versus the age of the Organization). It is disjoint with Organization, which is a MentalObject. NOTE that an ''OrganizationMembership'' can include other ''Organization''s as well as people. For a Group of members who are People where the Organization only has people as members,use ''OrganizationMembers''. NOTE that as a 'Group' no instance of 'OrganizationMembership' can exist unless it has at least one member. To cover the case where an Organization may have no members at some particular time, a List can be created that has designators for the same individuals that are in the OrganizationMembership. If no members exist, the instance of OrganizationMembership will not exist, but the list can still exist, being empty. Alternatively if the membership roster can include 'former members' one such may serve to satisfy this minimum for Group status. The category of OrganizationMembership can provide compatibility with those ontologies that represent organizations as a group. An 'organization' that is actually Group in another ontology can be identified as this category of 'OrganizationMembership'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'membership' (for people) in WordNet: 1. (10) membership, rank - (the body of members of an organization or group; 'they polled their membership'; 'they found dissension in their own ranks'; 'he joined the ranks of the unemployed')
Super-classes	AgentGroup^c
Restrictions	isAssociatedWithAgent^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	OrganizationMembers^c Directors^c

OrganizationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationType`
Description	OrganizationType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Organization as their argument. Each Organization is capable of acting as an agent, and this type is therefore a subtype of 'AgentType'.
Super-classes	IntelligentAgentType^c LocationType^c
Sub-classes	OrganizationByCustomersType^c DepartmentType^c SchoolType^c MilitaryOrganizationType^c
Members	Choir AssociationAuxiliary MilitaryUnit Squadron-MilitaryEchelon SellingOrganization MarketMaker TroopOfSoldiers Cult Library-Department Secretariat TheSyndicate LittleLeague BankOrganization LawSchool NationalGuard AssociationChapter Coalition LocalGovernmentOrganization AppellateCourt ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization Polity Government HotelOrganization InsuranceProvider RestaurantOrganization CountyPoliceDepartment BaseballLeague ScoutingOrganization SymphonyOrchestra Library-Organization ParliamentaryGovernment BusinessSubsidiary Department Battalion-MilitaryEchelon NaziParty CommunistParty TheMob StandardsOrganization GirlScouts ArmyUnit PoliticalParty PubliclyHeldOrganization IdeologicalOrganization InsuranceOrganization SingleSiteOrganization ArmySquad MajorLeague SportsClub Cavalry LittleLeagueTeam MinorLeague AdministrativeUnit MonorailOrganization BroadcastingOrganization DominicanOrder PoliceOrganization MediaOrganization Tribunal RetailStore-ParentCompany Suborganization ConstructionCompany PoliceDepartment AccountingFirm Bureaucracy SecondarySchool Publisher Court-Judicial CandyStore LaborUnion MilitaryOrganization UnitedStatesPostalService OrganizedReligion NonGovernmentalOrganization MechanizedCavalry CentralBank PostalService Brokerage Consortium UniversitySystem ParochialSchool CooperativeAssociation SportsOrganization SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting Subcommittee PoliticalOrganization CharitableOrganization Sect ChainOrganization SecuritiesExchange FoundationInstitution CommercialServiceOrganization ThinkTank TerritorialReserve Committee Regiment-MilitaryEchelon Cartel BlocOfNations LegislativeOrganization GovernmentMilitaryOrganization PrivateOrganization Fraternity SportsTeam Orchestra GovernmentalOrganization MonasticOrder JesuitOrder MagazineOrganization ParishOrganization ShippingOrganization WaterCompany NewsBroadcastingOrganization Squad-Military MedicalSchool DepartmentOfJustice Congress Senate ThirdParty Federation Association JudicialOrganization Infantry ReligiousOrder Troupe Varsity ScoutTroop Confectionery JudicialSystem Brigade-MilitaryEchelon Militia VocationalOrTechnicalSchool Start-Up PrivateSectorOrganization NewspaperPublisher ParochialSchoolBuilding Organization BasketballLeague AutomobileManufacturer Embassy-TheMission Consulate-TheMission GraduateSchool PoliticalUnit GovernmentAgency ChristianOrganization CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting ServiceOrganization MuseumOrganization SchoolBoard FinancialOrganization SocialOrganization ResearchOrganization MilitaryCorps ProductDisplayOrganization CircusTroupe InsuranceCompany Sorority ReligiousOrganization CommercialOrganization DepartmentOfTheUS_Government CollegeInUniversity-NonDegreeGranting DemocraticParty BoardOfDirectors RescueSquad NonProfitOrganization LegalGovernmentOrganization TransportationCompany MarineCorps Aquarium-Organization Institution Council Monarchy ArmyDivision PublicUtility DiplomaticMission-ThePost SportsLeague LibraryOrganization GovernmentDepartment Division GrammarSchool Delicatessen ParamilitaryOrganization Team Syndicate LocalRetailStoreOrganization MusicPerformanceOrganization Parliament RepublicanParty GovernmentalAuthority FireDepartment AdvocacyOrganization Platoon LittleLeaguer EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization SupervisoryBoard Partnership FinancialCompany BoyScouts LawEnforcementOrganization AutoDealer PubliclyHeldCorporation PeriodicalPublisher FlyingSquad PostOfficeStaff Company-Military

OrganizationWithClients^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationWithClients`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Organization which regularly provide goods or services to non-members, as opposed to organizations that do not provide goods or services to non-members [see #$clients, #$OrganizationWithoutClients]. Important specializations are #$OrganizationWithIndividualClients and #$OrganizationWithBusinessClients.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	OrganizationWithIndividualClients^c

OrganizationWithIndividualClients^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationWithIndividualClients`
Description	$OrganizationWithIndividualClients is a `specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$OrganizationWithIndividualClients is an organization whose #$clients are primarily individuals, rather than businesses or other #$Organizations.`
Super-classes	OrganizationWithClients^c
Sub-classes	OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers^c

OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers`
Description	A specialization of #$OrganizationWithIndividualClients. Each instance of #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers sells goods and/or services to customers, most of whom are individual #$Persons, rather than businesses or other #$Organizations.
Super-classes	OrganizationWithIndividualClients^c
Sub-classes	LocalRetailOrganization^c RestaurantOrganization^c

Organizational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organizational

Description

''Organizational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Organization''s or ''Organizing''

    Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'organizational' in WordNet:
      1. (3) organizational, organisational - (of or relating to 
          an organization; 'organizational structure')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

OrganizationalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationalProcess`
Description	COSMO: this type is used for Actions that commonly or characteristically occur in group of people or in Organizations (which in COSMO are not GroupOfPeople). The SUMO comment specifically refers to an Organization, but is probably intended to be broader. `SUMO: An IntentionalProcess that involves an Organization.`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c SocialOccurrence^c
Sub-classes	Leading^c

OrganizationalTransfer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizationalTransfer`
Description	A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$OrganizationalTransfer is an event in which an #$IntelligentAgent changes membership with respect to an #$Organization. So instances of #$OrganizationalTransfer include a particular person's becoming a member of some organization, ceasing to be a member of some organization, or switching from one organization to another. Instances of #$OrganizationalTransfer may be voluntarily undertaken by the transferee, but they may also be done by some other agent (perhaps against the transferee's will). Notable specializations of #$OrganizationalTransfer include #$EmployeeHiring, #$EmploymentTermination, and #$GraduatingEvent.
Super-classes	ChangeOfStatusEvent^c GroupTransfer^c
Sub-classes	DisbandingaGroup^c JoiningAnOrganization^c LeavingAnOrganization^c

Organized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organized`
Description	''Organized'' is an Attribute of Groups (of any kind) that have been subjected to a process that brings some kind of 'order' to the group, although the resulting Group is not necessarily 'ordered'. This Attribute is the result of some ''Organizing'' Action - which could be natural, as in Evolution. `NOTE: this has some overlap with ''Ordered''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'organized' in Wordnet: 1. (5) organized - (formed into a structured or coherent whole)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Ordered^c Tight-Knit^c

OrganizedCelebration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizedCelebration`
Description	An ''OrganizedCelebration'' is a ''Celebration''that was previously organized. `This is characterized as 'Pleasant' - which is the purpose, though not always the result. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'celebration' and verb sense 2 of ''celebrate; in WordNet: 1. (5) celebration, jubilation - (a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event) WN verb ''clebrate': 2. (6) celebrate, fete - (have a celebration; 'They were feting the patriarch of the family'; 'After the exam, the students were celebrating')`
Super-classes	Celebration^c Event-Organized^c PleasantThing^c
Sub-classes	Party^c Festival^c

OrganizedReligion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizedReligion

Description

Each OrganizedReligion is an Organization that adjudicates issues of Doctrine for the believers in some Religion. Not every Religion has such a body, and where subgroups of some major religion have local authorities, they may disagree with each other. The Catholic church and Anglican church have central world-wide authorities. The Orthodox churches have national authorities. For general purposes in discussing, religion, including 'organized' religion in the sense of having a priesthood, the type 'Religion' should be used.

     This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'religion' and 3 of 'faith' in WordNet:
       2. religion, faith, organized religion - (an institution to 
         express belief in a divine power; 'he was raised in the Baptist religion';
         'a member of his own faith contradicted him')

Super-classes Institution^c

Organizer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organizer`
Description	An ''Organizer'' is a person who improves the functioning of a GroupOfPeople by bringing some systematic order to their activities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organizer' in WordNet: 1. (1) organizer, organiser, arranger - (a person who brings order and organization to an enterprise)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value OrganizingaGroup^c

OrganizerFolder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizerFolder`
Description	A ''OrganizerFolder' is a ''Folder'' that can be closed with an attached flap (''ContainerLid'') and is divided inside into several compartments that can separate papers concerning different topics. `RHW 'organizer': 4. a multiple folder or, sometimes, a notebook in which correspondence, papers, etc., are sorted by subject, date, or otherwise, for systematic handling.`
Super-classes	Folder^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op min 2 hasPhysicalPart^op value ContainerLid^c

Organizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Organizing`
Description	The most general notion of creating some sort of order from a group of physical objects. This is for putting physical objects in some spatial order, it is NOT for forming organizations or groups of people, or actions, nor to systematize ideas. This is a subtype of ''ImprovementEvent'', assuming that the Agent doing this would not expend the effort if the result is not expected to be an improvement in some way. corresponds approximately to the Wordnet sense 4 of 'organize' WordNet (organize 4) organize, organise, coordinate - (bring order and organization to; 'Can you help me organize my files?') However, in WordNet the word 'arrange' is a hypernym of 'organize' whereas in COSMO 'Arranging' is a subtype of 'Organizing'. In COSMO the distinction is that 'Organizing' can include actions that disperse objects into subgroups that themselves have no particular order, whereas 'Arranging' is the creation of an OrderedGroup from the starting objects. Includes verb senses 2 and 4 of 'organize' in WordNet: 2. (6) organize, organise - (cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea) 4. (4) organize, organise, coordinate - (bring order and organization to; 'Can you help me organize my files?')
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Sub-classes	Tidying^c DesigningAnArrangement^c Reorganizing^c StructuringSomething^c Archiving^c

OrganizingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrganizingaGroup`
Description	Each ''OrganizingaGroup'' is a ''ManagementEvent'' in which the ''Manager'' is establishing some 'order' in an activity performed by a ''GroupOfPeople'' to make the group activity more effective. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'organize' in WordNet: 1. (11) form, organize, organise - (create (as an entity); 'social groups form everywhere'; 'They formed a company')`
Super-classes	ManagementEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasAffectedEvent^op value OrganizationAction^c
Sub-classes	ReorganizingaGroup^c Regrouping^c FoundingAnOrganization^c

Orgasm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orgasm`
Description	''Orgasm'' is an intensely pleasurable internal Sensation (not from one of the five 'senses') that is produced by sex organs of men and women, when the body is stimulated, usually at the Penis or Vagina, as during 'HumanSexualIntercourse'' or ''Masturbation'', but occasionally by mental stimulation, visually or by imagination. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orgasm' in WordNet: 1. orgasm, climax, sexual climax, coming - (the moment of most intense pleasure in sexual intercourse)`
Super-classes	PleasurableSensation^c BodySensation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c

Oriental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oriental

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oriental' in WordNet:
         1. (4) Asian, oriental - (denoting or characteristic of 
            the biogeographic region including southern Asia and 
            the Malay Archipelago as far as the Philippines and Borneo and Java; 
            'Oriental politeness'; 'for people of South and East Asian ancestry the term 'Asian' is 
            preferred to 'Oriental''; 'Asian ancestry')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Orientation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orientation

Description

Orientation is an AttributeType whose values are 'OrientationMeasures'; this applies to Objects that have some preferred direction, i.e. a front and back. Therefore any 'FrontAndBackSidedObject' or HexalateralObject will have a preferred direction, and can be said to have an Orientation with respect to some reference object.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orientation' in Wordnet:
      3. orientation - (position or alignment relative to points of the compass 
      or other specific directions)

Super-classes AttributeType^c

Orientation-Viewpoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orientation-Viewpoint`
Description	A ''Orientation-Viewpoint'' is a ''PointOfView'' or ''Outlook'' that is a way of 'viewing' or 'considering' or 'looking at' or 'interpreting' situations strongly influenced by a Belief or a preference for interpretations that include some aspects of a Belief. Vague differences from parents. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'orientation' in WordNet: 2. (1) orientation - (an integrated set of attitudes and beliefs)`
Super-classes	Outlook^c PointOfView^c
Restrictions	mayProduce^op value Interpretation^c
Sub-classes	Iconoclasm^c

OrientationMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrientationMeasure`
Description	An OrientationMeasure is an AttributeValue of an object or vector (such as motion) that has a front and back, the line from the back to the front having some angle (in one or more directions) relative to a frame of reference. Compass directions can be quantitative, and would be instances of the subtype 'NumericalCompassDirection'. `An OrientationMeasure can be measured by a NavigationDevice, such as a Compass, that specifies a geographical orientation of the device itself and allows one to infer the geographical orientation of the person or vehicle on which the device rests. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bearing' in WordNet: 2. (1) bearing, heading, aim - (the direction or path along which something moves or along which it lies)`
Super-classes	PositionalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	DirectionOfMotion^c Right-Side-Up^c Downstairs^c WindDirection^c Sloped^c CompassDirection-NSEW^c Downstream^c Upstream^c Rightward^c GeoOrientationMeasure^c Eastbound^c Edgewise^c Left^c MostlyHorizontal^c NumericalCompassDirection^c Inside-Out^c Upright^c Leftward^c Diagonal^c Upside-Down^c Northbound^c

OrientedAttitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrientedAttitude`
Description	A Feeling that disposes a person to appraise things or `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'orientation' in WordNet: 2. (1) orientation - (an integrated set of attitudes and beliefs)`
Super-classes	Attitude^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tendency^c
Sub-classes	Unorthodoxy^c Orthodoxy^c

OrientedPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrientedPart`
Description	An 'OrientedPart' is the PhysicalObject that is oriented in one direction of a larger 'PhysicalObject' that has some specifiable orientation. A common example would be one-half of an Object that has some form of bilateral symmetry (e.g. right half, left half (or starboard or port sides, for watercraft), top part, bottom part, front part, rear part. This general type leaves open the possibility of having greater degress of symmetry than 2 (e.g. the points on a five-or six-poointed star)
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	RearPartOfAnObject^c TopPart^c SideOfaBilateralObject^c HangingDownPart^c FrontPart^c BottomPart^c

OrientingOneself^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrientingOneself`
Description	''OrientingOneself'' is a ''Deciding'' by a Person where that Person is relative to objects that have a known location, including geographical coordinates. This can be done by observing objects within view, or by looking at a compass or other intrument that measures location or direction. This can be used metaphorically for 'orienting' oneself by similar means in a social situation to determine one's relation to others. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'orient' in WordNet: 2. (2) orient, orientate - (determine one's position with reference to another point)`
Super-classes	Deciding^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Reasoning^c hasSubEvent^op value Observing^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Origanum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Origanum`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'origanum' in WordNet: 1. origanum - (any of various fragrant aromatic herbs of the genus Origanum used as seasonings)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c
Sub-classes	Marjoram^c

OriginOfTheUniverse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OriginOfTheUniverse`
Description	The ''OriginOfTheUniverse'' is the first small interval of Time (quantum uncertainty seems to prevent a single first 'point' in time) that starts the ''DevelopmentOfTheUniverse''.
Super-classes	BeginningOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value Cosmology^c

Original^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Original`
Description	'Original' is an AttributeValue of anything that is unique (i.e. not produced in quantities greater than 1, as from a mold or manufacturing process; it may be a 'PhysicalObject' (in which case it is an 'OriginalItem'), or a 'ConceptualWork', or a first performance of a type of Event. This will usually be used for PhysicalObjects and 'ConceptualWork's. Things having this attribute are ''OriginalItem''s. `For objects that are original in the sense of not being a copy, use ''Genuine''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'original' in Wordnet: 1. (22) original - (preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed; 'the original inhabitants of the Americas'; 'the book still has its original binding'; 'restored the house to its original condition'; 'the original performance of the opera'; 'the original cast'; 'retracted his original statement')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Avant-garde^c

OriginalItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OriginalItem`
Description	A 'OriginalItem' is a unique PhysicalObject that is created by a process, natural or artificial, that has not been copied by a copying process and is not a 'Copy' of anything. `Corresponds approximately to, but may be broader than, noun sense 1 of 'original' in WordNet; the OriginalItem does not have to be a master recording, it could be, e.g. a painting or sculpture or photographic negative, or other original creation: in WordNet: 1. (3) master, master copy, original - (an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Original^c

OriginalScript^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OriginalScript`
Description	An ''OriginalScript'' is a ''Paper-IBO'' ( physical Object representing a ''ConceptualWork'' on one or more pieces of paper), prepared by the original author (includes text, images, and musical notation) using any means - pen, typwriter, word processor, whatever). In the case of electronically produced documents, this only applies to a hardcopy of the form of the document transmitted for publication. `Subtypes can be more specific. See subtype ''Manusript'' for the handwritten variety. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manuscript' in WordNet: 1. (2) manuscript, ms - (the form of a literary work submitted for publication)`
Super-classes	Paper-IBO^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	Typescript^c Submission^c Manuscript^c

OriginalVersion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OriginalVersion`
Description	The ''OriginalVersion'' is the ''Version'' of a ''ConceptualWork'' that was first created. Later ''Version'', even if identical to the original in propositional content (''hasIdenticalContent'' to ''OriginalVersion'') would still not be the same, as they have different creation times. `Neither noun sense of 'original' in WordNet quite captures this meaning, since WN describes only physical objects, and this concept is for the abstract 'ConceptualWork''.`
Super-classes	Version^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Original^c

Originality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Originality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'originality' in WordNet: 2. (1) originality - (the quality of being new and original (not derived from something else))`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Original^c

OriginalityCapability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OriginalityCapability`
Description	''OriginalityCapability'' is the sense of 'originality' referring to the ability of a Person to think up new ideas and create new things. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'originality' in WordNet: 1. (3) originality - (the ability to think and act independently)`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving^op value Creativity^c

Oriole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oriole`
Description	See subtype ''BaltimoreOriole'' for the Oriole most common in the northeast USA. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'oriole' in WordNet: 2. New World oriole, American oriole, oriole - (American songbird; male is black and orange or yellow)`
Super-classes	OscineBird^c
Sub-classes	Blackbird^c

Ornament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ornament`
Description	Any PhysicalObject used (in some context) to serve as a source of pleasure when viewed, as contrasted with performing or assisting in performing some action. The distinction between this type and 'Decoration' is that an 'Ornament' may be used to enhance the appearance of a person's body - jewelry, even tattoos. When an Ornament is used to enhance the appearance of some inanimate object, it is a 'Decoration'. This distinction is not yet axiomatized (rev977) in COSMO - there may be other distinctions that can be made. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'decoration' and sense 1 of 'ornament' in WordNet: 1. (1) decoration, ornament, ornamentation - (something used to beautify)`
Super-classes	FunctionalObject^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c
Sub-classes	Centerpiece^c Decoration^c Wreath^c StructuralOrnamentation^c Jewel^c FloralArrangement^c OrnamentalRivet^c

Ornamental^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ornamental`
Description	Ornamental is the attribute of something that was designed as an Ornament, but also can be an attribute of a natural object that is used as an ornament, such as a seashell gathered at a beach. This can also be appled to the surface appearance of Objects that have been 'finished' in a manner to enhance their appearance. NOTE that to be ornamental is not disjoint from being useful - useful objects are often ornamented or designed to be pleasant in appearance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ornamental' in Wordnet: 1. cosmetic, decorative, ornamental - (serving an esthetic rather than a useful purpose; 'cosmetic fenders on cars'; 'the buildings were utilitarian rather than decorative')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Ornate^c

OrnamentalBand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrnamentalBand

Description

A BandShapedObject fixed to the surface of a large object to serve as an ornament.

      Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'band' in WordNet:
        4. (2) band, banding, stripe - (an adornment consisting of a 
          strip of a contrasting color or material)

Super-classes HairAccessory^c
BandShapedObject^c

OrnamentalClasp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrnamentalClasp`
Description	An ''OrnamentalClasp'' is a ''Clasp''.that is ''Ornamental'' and not solely utilitarian. It is designed to hold objects together where they will be visible, and to make the combined object more pleasant to look at.
Super-classes	Clasp^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c

OrnamentalRivet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrnamentalRivet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stud' in WordNet: 2. stud, rivet - (ornament consisting of a circular rounded protuberance (as on a vault or shield or belt))`
Super-classes	Ornament^c

OrnamentalSewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrnamentalSewing`
Description	The collection of all sewing events that result in the production of some ornamental object. Examples are #$EmbroideringEvent and #$CrossStitchingEvent. A non-example is #$StitchingAWound.
Super-classes	NeedleCraft^c
Sub-classes	EmbroideringEvent^c

OrnamentalVase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrnamentalVase`
Description	A ''Jar'' (open top container) usually made of ceramic, but possibly made of glass, plastic, or metal that has no cap, and can be of any size, distingushing it from a ''vase'' that can hold and display ''CutFlower''s. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'vase' (ornamental part) in WordNet: 1. (12) vase - (an open jar of glass or porcelain used as an ornament or to hold flowers)`
Super-classes	Jar^c Holder^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToHold^op value CutFlower^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c

Ornate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ornate

Description

It is unclear how 'embellished' an object ust be to qualify as ''Ornate''. If ''Ornate'' it was presuably intended to be ''Ornamental'', os it is a subattribute.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ornate' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) embellished, ornamented, ornate - (rich in decorative detail)

Super-classes Ornamental^c

Ornery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ornery

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ornery' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) cantankerous, crotchety, ornery - (having a difficult
             and contrary disposition; 'a cantankerous and venomous-tongued old lady'- Dorothy Sayers)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Ornithologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ornithologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ornithologist' in WordNet: 1. ornithologist, bird watcher - (a zoologist who studies birds)`
Super-classes	Person^c Zoologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Bird^c

Orphan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orphan`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orphan' in WordNet: 1. (1) orphan - (a child who has lost both parents)`
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	residesIn^op value Orphanage^c isProducedByEventType^op value Orphaning^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Orphaned^c

Orphanage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orphanage`
Description	PublicService publicinstitution Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'orphanage' in WordNet: 2. orphanage, orphans' asylum - (a public institution for the care of orphans)
Super-classes	PublicInstitution^c ResidentialBuilding^c

Orphaned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orphaned

Description

''Orphaned'' is the attribute of a ''MinorChild'' that has lost ''BothParents'' in an ''Orphaning'' Event..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'orphaned' in Wordnet:
          1. orphan, orphaned - (deprived of parents by death or desertion)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Orphaning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orphaning`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'orphan' in WordNet: 1. orphan - (deprive of parents)`
Super-classes	Divesting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Orphan^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Child^c hadObjectCreated^op value Orphan^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Orphaned^c hasThingLost^op value BothParents^c

Orthodontia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orthodontia`
Description	''Orthodontia'' is a branch of ''Dentistry'' in which an ''Orthodontist' treats patients to improve tooth appearance and function, especially by preparing and fixing braces that help a person's teeth grow in properly aligned (especially of young people). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthodontia' in WordNet: 1. orthodontics, orthodontia, orthodonture, dental orthopedics, dental orthopaedics - (the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth)`
Super-classes	Dentistry^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value OrthodonticCareEvent^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value Orthodontist^c hasTopic^op value StraighteningTeeth^c

OrthodonticCareEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrthodonticCareEvent`
Description	The long event in which teeth are straightened using braces, retainer, etc.
Super-classes	DentalCareEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Orthodontist^c

Orthodontist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orthodontist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthodontist' in WordNet: 1. orthodontist - (a dentist specializing in the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth)`
Super-classes	Dentist^c Prescriber^c Graduate^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Orthodontia^c

Orthodox^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orthodox

Description

''Orthodox'' is a subtype of ''LongEstablished'' that refers to beliefs or practices that are considered by some large GroupOfPeople as true or correct or most proper or appropriate.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'orthodox' in Wordnet:
        2. (3) orthodox - (adhering to what is commonly accepted;
           'an orthodox view of the world')

Super-classes LongEstablished^c
Common^c

OrthodoxPriest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrthodoxPriest`
Description	A Priest of any of the Catholic Orthodox hierarchies, which are organized nationally.
Super-classes	Priest^c

Orthodoxy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orthodoxy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthodoxy' in WordNet: 1. (1) orthodoxy - (the quality of being orthodox (especially in religion))`
Super-classes	OrientedAttitude^c Unoriginality^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Unorthodoxy^c isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Orthodox^c
Sub-classes	Traditionalism^c

Orthopedic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orthopedic

Description

''Orthopedic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Orthopedic'' and related persons, objects, processes and therapies. 'orthopedic device'; 'orthopedic shoes'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'orthopedic' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) orthopedic, orthopaedic, orthopedical - (of or relating to or employed in orthopedics;
             'orthopedic shoes')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Orthopedics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orthopedics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthopedics' in WordNet: 1. orthopedics, orthopaedics - (the branch of medical science concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and joints)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c Biology^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Orthopedist^c hasTopic^op value SpinalColumn^c hasTopic^op value SkeletalSystem^c hasTopic^op value Orthotic^c

Orthopedist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orthopedist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthopedist' in WordNet: 1. orthopedist, orthopaedist - (a specialist in correcting deformities of the skeletal system (especially in children))`
Super-classes	Biologist^c MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Orthopedics^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value SkeletalSystem^c

Orthotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Orthotic`
Description	An ''Orthotic'' is a ''MedicalDevice'' that supports some part of the body and may also provide a form of gentle pressure that allows some misshapen body part to grow closer to the normal shape. `NOTE: this may be extended to include any device that assists some body function when worn on the body, including electronic devices to assist perception. That would be a non-traditional extended meaning. This assists body function and differs from a 'prosthesis' which is designed to replace a non-functioning body part. RHW: 'orthotic': 1. Also, orthosis. a device or support, esp. for the foot, used to relieve or correct an orthopedic problem.`
Super-classes	MedicalDevice^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Device^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Orthopedist^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Orthopedics^c

Oscar-Figurine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oscar-Figurine`
Description	An ''Oscar-Figurine'' is a physical statuette that symbolizes the receipt of an AcademyAward.
Super-classes	Figurine^c AwardSymbol^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value AcademyAward^c

Oscillating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oscillating`
Description	Called 'Translation-BackAndForth' in CYC, This type may be broader than the CYC type because it includes periodic partial rotations as well as period rectiliner movement. ''Oscillating'' in COSMO includes a periodic rotating movement around some center of rotation, whether the center of rotation is at the end or at some distance from the end of the moving object, as well as rectilinear periodic reversing motion CYC; 'Translation-BackAndForth': The #$objectMoving in a #$Translation-BackAndForth periodically translates back and forth along a path. Neither end of the path is a #$toLocation or a #$fromLocation, because an instance of #$Translation-BackAndForth can begin or end at either location, or even at another location on the path between them. Examples include the movement of the weight at the bottom of a swinging pendulum, or of a shuttle bus making repeated round trips between downtown and the airport. Each 'period' of the movement must begin and end at roughly the same location, and is thus an instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip. #$Translation-RoundTrip is not, however, a subcollection of #$Translation-BackAndForth, because a single round trip is not enough to establish periodicity. For periodic rotation back and forth around an axis, see #$PeriodicReversingRotation. COSMO note: this is very general, and includes subtypes ''ShakingMotion'', ''Swinging'', ''Shuddering'', ''Vibration'' and ''Earthquake'' - use the subtypes if applicable. SUMO (Tremor): Motion that involves rapidly Rotating between two positions. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'oscillate' in WordNet: 2. oscillate, vibrate - (move or swing from side to side regularly; 'the needle on the meter was oscillating') WN noun 'oscillation': 2. (1) oscillation, vibration - ((physics) a regular periodic variation in value about a mean)
Super-classes	UndulatingMotion^c Translation-Periodic^c
Sub-classes	Sloshing^c ReversingRotation^c SwingingOnASwing^c ShuttlingBackAndForth^c Teetering^c Wobbling^c ShakingMotion^c UndulatingMotion^c

Oscilloscope^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oscilloscope

Description

This type is for simple Oscilloscopes that measure voltage of an electrical signal as a function of time. Nothing as fancy as a color TV.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oscilloscope' in WordNet:
         1. oscilloscope, scope, cathode-ray oscilloscope, CRO - (electronic equipment 
            that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities)

Super-classes ElectronicDevice^c

OscineBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OscineBird`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oscine bird' in WordNet: 1. oscine, oscine bird - (passerine bird having specialized vocal apparatus)`
Super-classes	PasseriformBird^c
Sub-classes	Vireo^c Titmouse^c Mockingbird^c Oriole^c WeaverFinch^c Warbler^c

Osmium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Osmium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Osmium.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'osmium' in WordNet:
         1. osmium, Os, atomic number 76 - (a hard brittle 
            blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of
            the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
PreciousMetal^c
BrittleSubstance^c

Osprey^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Osprey

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'osprey' in WordNet:
         1. osprey, fish hawk, fish eagle, sea eagle, Pandion haliaetus - 
            (large harmless hawk found worldwide that feeds on fish 
            and builds a bulky nest often occupied for years)

Super-classes Hawk^c

Ostentatious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ostentatious`
Description	Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ostentatious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ostentatious, pretentious - (intended to attract notice and impress others; 'an ostentatious sable coat')
Super-classes	Conspicuous^c
Sub-classes	Showy^c Kitschy^c

OstentatiousDisplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OstentatiousDisplay`
Description	A ''OstentatiousDisplay'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which some Person or Persons perform an Action (including speaking) that is intended to impress the onlooker or listener with the knowledge or skill of the one performing the Action. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'ostentation' in WordNet: 1. ostentation, fanfare, flash - (a gaudy outward display) 3. ostentation - (pretentious or showy or vulgar display)`
Super-classes	DisplayingAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ostentatious^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Exhibitionism^c Bravado^c Flaunting^c

Osteoporosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Osteoporosis`
Description	''Osteoporosis'' causes bones to become weak and brittle and more subject to fracture than in normal healthy people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'osteoporosis' in WordNet: 1. (1) osteoporosis - (abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women)`
Super-classes	BodyPartDysfunction^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Bone^c causes^op value WeakeningOfBones^c

Ostrich^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ostrich

Description

CYC: The collection of all ostriches.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ostrich' in WordNet:
        2. ostrich, Struthio camelus - (fast-running African flightless bird
          with two-toed feet; largest living bird)

Super-classes FlightlessBird^c

OtherPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OtherPeople`
Description	''OtherPeople'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that does not include some referent Person or GroupOfPeople. This can refer to other than thespeaker, or others than the Group to which the speaker belongs, or others than some GroupOfPeople previously referred to in a discourse by a speaker: 'Some people like dogs, others like cats'. See adjective ''Other'' for a term that can refer to any other type of thing. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'other' in WordNet: 1. (915) other - (not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; 'today isn't any other day'- the White Queen; 'the construction of highways and other public works'; 'he asked for other employment'; 'any other person would tell the truth'; 'his other books are still in storage'; 'then we looked at the other house'; 'hearing was good in his other ear'; 'the other sex'; 'she lived on the other side of the street from me'; 'went in the other direction')
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Person^c

Otologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Otologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'otologist' in WordNet: 1. ear doctor, ear specialist, otologist - (a physician who specializes in the ear and its diseases)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Otology^c
Sub-classes	Audiologist^c

Otology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Otology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'otology' in WordNet: 1. otology - (the branch of medicine concerned with the ear)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Otologist^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Hearing^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Ear^c
Sub-classes	Audiology^c

Otter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Otter`
Description	'Freshwater'?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'otter' in Wordnet: 2. otter - (freshwater carnivorous mammal having webbed and clawed feet and dark brown fur)`
Super-classes	Mustelidae^c
Sub-classes	SeaOtter^c RiverOtter^c

Ouch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ouch`
Description	''Ouch'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing pain.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

OurFather^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OurFather

Description

An ''OurFather''is a ''Prayer'' derived from the biblical text describing how Jesus to his desciples to pray.

    Wikipedia
    The Lord's Prayer, also called the Our Father (Latin: Pater Noster), is a central 
       Christian prayer which, according to the New Testament, Jesus taught as the way to pray:
         Pray then in this way ...[1]
     When you pray, say ... [2]
Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within 
     the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew, and a shorter form 
     in the Gospel of Luke when "one of his disciples said to him, 'Lord, teach us
     to pray, as John taught his disciples.'".[3] Lutheran theologian Harold Buls 
     suggested that both were original, the Matthean version spoken by Jesus early 
     in his ministry in Galilee, and the Lucan version one year later, 
     "very likely in Judea".[4]
     The first three of the seven petitions in Matthew address God; the other four 
          are related to human needs and concerns. The Matthew account alone includes 
          the "Your will be done" and the "Rescue us from the evil one" (or "Deliver us from evil") 
          petitions. Both original Greek texts contain the adjective epiousios, 
          which does not appear in any other classical or Koine Greek literature; 
          while controversial, "daily" has been the most common English-language translation 
          of this word. Protestants usually conclude the prayer with a doxology,
          a later addendum appearing in some manuscripts of Matthew.


Matthew             Luke

Our Father in heaven, Father, [Other ancient authorities read Our father in heaven] hallowed be your name. hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. Your kingdom come. [A few ancient authorities read Your Holy Spirit come upon us and cleanse us.] Your will be done, [Other ancient authorities add Your will be done, on earth as in heaven] on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread. Give us each day our daily bread. [Or our bread for tomorrow] And forgive us our debts, and forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive as we also have forgiven our debtors. everyone indebted to us. And do not bring us to the time of trial, And do not bring us to the time of trial. [Or us into temptation] [Or us into temptation. but rescue us from the evil one. [Or from evil] Other ancient authorities add but rescue us from the evil one (or from evil)]

[Other ancient authorities add, in some form, For the kingdom and the power and the glory are yours forever. Amen.]

NOTE: The Traditional Catholic version taught in Catholic grammar schools: " Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed Be Thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy Will be done On Earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, And forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive those who trespass against us. Lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from Evil Amen "

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lord's Prayer' in WordNet:
         1. Lord's Prayer - (the prayer that Christ gave his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount
              (Matthew 6:9-13))

Super-classes SacredText^c
Prayer^c

OustingFromaPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OustingFromaPosition`
Description	''OustingFromaPosition'' is the Action of involuntary removal of an Agent (Person or Group or Organization) from some 'position' (having some title or rights, as informl as Student, as formal as President) from any Group or Organization. CYC 'ExpellingFromStatus': A collection of #$ChangeOfStatusEvents: in each instance of #$ExpellingFromStatus, a person, group, or organization is expelled from a status that it had previously, so that the agent in question has the status before the expelling event and lacks the status after the event is over. An expulsion from status is ordinarily considered to have 'permanent' effect. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'oust' in WordNet: 1. (4) oust, throw out, drum out, boot out, kick out, expel - (remove from a position or office; 'The chairman was ousted after he misappropriated funds')
Super-classes	ExpellinganAgent^c
Sub-classes	ExpellingFromMembership^c GovernmentOverthrow^c

OutOfBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutOfBody`
Description	No WN sense for this. RHW adj 'out-of-body': adj.: of, pertaining to, or characterized by the dissociative sensation of perceiving oneself from an external vantage point, as though the mind or soul has left the body and is acting on its own: an alleged out-of-body experience.
Super-classes	Conspicuous^c

OutOfBreath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutOfBreath`
Description	This ''OutOfBreath'' is for a Person who is breathing very hard, For a Person who has trouble breathing (temporarily or longer term), the subAttribute ''Breathless'' is appropriate. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'out of breath' in Wordnet: 1. blown, gasping, out of breath, panting, pursy, short-winded, winded - (breathing laboriously or convulsively)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Breathless^c

OutOfControl^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutOfControl

Description

''OutOfControl'' is the ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify ''Action''s to indicate that behavior was performed in a ''Uncontrolled'' or seemingly uncontrolled manner

       Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'wildly' in WordNet:
         2. (4) wildly - (in an uncontrolled or unrestrained manner; 'He gesticulated wildly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

OutOfDoors^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutOfDoors

Description

''OutOfDoors'' is an ''AdverbOfManner''characterizing Events that occur ouside of a structure. 'On a sunny day the kids play outdoors.'

    Corrresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'out of doors' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) outside, outdoors, out of doors, alfresco - (outside a building; 
             'in summer we play outside')
     WN adverb 'out'
       1. (5) out - (away from home; 'they went out last night')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
AdverbialModifier^c

OutOfFuel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutOfFuel`
Description	'OutOfFuel' is an attribute of a Device that cannot perform its DesignFunction, because it requires fuel to operate, and there is no fuel in its fuel reservoir, as in 'out of gas'.
Super-classes	UnableToFunction^c

OutOfPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutOfPlace`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'out of place' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inapposite, out of place - (of an inappropriate or misapplied nature)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OutOfPractice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutOfPractice`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'out of practice' in Wordnet: 1. out of practice, rusty - (impaired in skill by neglect)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OutOfSight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutOfSight

Description

''OutOfSight' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' characterizing an Action in which a PhysicalObject either was not visible or which was visible became no longer visible, but is not necessarily ''Hidden''. This phrase can also be used as an attribute - needs more analysis. 'objects stowed out of sight'

    NOTE: 'out of sight' also appears in WN as an adjective

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'out of view' in Wordnet:
        1. out of sight, out of view - (no longer visible; 
           'the ship disappeared behind the horizon and passed out of sight')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Outbreak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outbreak`
Description	An ''Outbreak' is a ''SalientEvent'' that is or causes something ''Undesirable'' affecting more than a few people, and starts (relatively) suddenly, though (as with subtype ''Epidemic'') it may persist over months. `WN gloss says 'violent' but this includes diseases, so violence is not a necessary component. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outbreak' in WordNet: 1. (1) outbreak, eruption, irruption - (a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition); 'the outbreak of hostilities')`
Super-classes	UndesirableEvent^c SalientEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value RapidOnset^c hadAffectedAgent^op value BigGroupOfVictims^c isTheStartingPartOf^op value UndesirableEvent^c
Sub-classes	Epidemic^c

Outbuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outbuilding`
Description	An ''Outbuilding'' is a ''FixedStructure'' that is typically smaller than some other ''Building'' that it is associated with (on the same tract of land, owned by the same owner). This is very general, and can include a 'structure' as small as a ''Doghouse'' (but not a bird house). This can be attached to or detached from the main building. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outbuilding' in WordNet: 1. outbuilding - (a building that is subordinate to and separate from a main building)`
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isNearTo^op value Building^c
Sub-classes	Outhouse^c Doghouse^c Carport^c

OutburstOfEmotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutburstOfEmotion`
Description	An 'OutburstOfEmotion'' is a form of ''ExpressingEmotion'' that is sudden and largely unplanned or uncontrolled. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outburst' in WordNet: 1. (3) effusion, gush, outburst, blowup, ebullition - (an unrestrained expression of emotion)`
Super-classes	ExpressingEmotion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Visible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uncontrolled^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Crying^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unplanned^c

Outcast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outcast`
Description	An ''Outcast'' is a ''Person'' who has experienced an exclusion from some SocialGroup or society. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outcast' in WordNet: 1. (2) outcast, castaway, pariah, Ishmael - (a person who is rejected (from society or home))`
Super-classes	UnfortunatePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unfortunate^c

Outcome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outcome`
Description	An Outcome is an Effect (any SituationProcessEventOrState, often a PersistentState) that is caused by some preceding Event, for which there are at least two outcomes that could be anticipated; an instance of Outcome specifies which of the possible results actually happened. A common example is the Outcome of a contest (or more serious conflict), who is the winner of a game? What was the score? Who won the war? Did Batman defeat the Joker? and so on. But Events other than conflicts also may have multiple anticipated possible results (did they rescue the trapped miners alive?), and the results of those Events also are included in this type. This type is a Role and represents a point of view regarding the Effect; it is not necessary to represent an Effect as an Outcome unless the application finds that useful Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outcome', senses 1 and 3 of 'result', sense 1 of 'effect' and sense 1 of 'final result' in WordNet: WN 'outcome' 1. (16) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') WN noun 'result': 1. (97) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot - (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; 'the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise'; 'his decision had depressing consequences for business'; 'he acted very wise after the event') 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio')
Super-classes	Effect^c Result^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some Event^c
Sub-classes	Denouement^c Climax^c Destiny^c GameScore^c ContestResult^c Omission^c

Outdated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outdated`
Description	'Outdated'' is the attribute of things - objects, practices, events - that are no longer used or ocurring or are out-of-date. `For things no longer legally valid use ''Expired''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'noncurrent' in WordNet: 1. noncurrent - (not current or belonging to the present time) WN out-of-date 1. obsolete, outdated, out-of-date, superannuated - (old; no longer in use or valid or fashionable; 'obsolete words'; 'an obsolete locomotive'; 'outdated equipment'; 'superannuated laws'; 'out-of-date ideas')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Dated^c Antiquated^c

Outdoor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outdoor

Description

'Outdoor' is an AttributeValue of Regions, Objects, or Events that occur at an 'OutdoorLocation'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outdoor' in WordNet:
         1. (6) outdoor, out-of-door, outside - (located, suited for,
           or taking place in the open air; 'outdoor clothes';
           'badminton and other outdoor games'; 'a beautiful outdoor setting for the wedding')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OutdoorActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorActivity`
Description	Any action that typically occurs outdoors.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op some Outdoors^c
Sub-classes	FlightViaAirTransportationDevice^c ExposingToTheSun^c BirdWatching^c Gardening^c BirdFlight^c Barbecueing^c Fishing^c Skateboarding^c Cultivation^c Boating^c WalkingOutdoors^c OutdoorGame^c PruningaPlant^c Diving^c Strolling^c Snowboarding^c RoofingaStructure^c Hunting^c SkyDiving^c

OutdoorArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorArea`
Description	COSMO note: this is for ''Outdoor'' ''GeographicalArea''s (the PhysicalObjects in some region on the EarthsSurface) that are in the atmosphere on the Earth's surface, and do not have significant concentrations of Human residential structures, such as woodlands and national parks.
Super-classes	OutsideLocation^c GeographicalArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outdoor^c occupiesTheRegion^op value OutdoorLocation^c
Sub-classes	Wetlands^c WoodedArea^c OutdoorRecreationArea^c

OutdoorArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorArtifact`
Description	An ''OutdoorArtifact'' is a ''ConstructionArtifact'' designed for some ''HumanActivity''s that is not an indoor part of a structure. `NOTE: indoor areas are included in as ''PartOfBuilding''. Corresponds to part (for outdoor structures) of noun sense 1 of 'area' in WordNet: 4. (42) area - (a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; "the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants")`
Super-classes	OutsideLocation^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value OutsideLocation^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	Gazebo^c Bullpen^c

OutdoorClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorClothing`
Description	SUMO: A piece of Clothing that is intended to be worn outdoors.
Super-classes	DurableGood^c ClothingItem^c
Sub-classes	Coat^c Cloak^c Poncho^c Hat^c

OutdoorGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorGame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outdoor game' in WordNet: 1. outdoor game - (an athletic game that is played outdoors)`
Super-classes	OutdoorActivity^c GameEvent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value OutdoorLocation^c
Sub-classes	CroquetGame^c FieldGame^c

OutdoorGeographicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorGeographicalObject`
Description	A large PhysicalObject on the Earth's surface located outdoors so as to be visible from some distance.
Super-classes	Place^c OutdoorObject^c GeographicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outdoor^c
Sub-classes	HillOrMountain^c Beach^c Valley^c Cirque^c Harbor^c Seaport^c Inlet^c

OutdoorLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorLocation`
Description	COSMO note: this is for locations that are in the atmosphere on or near the surface of the Earth, but not inside a structure. For locations on the surface of the Earth that are not inside a structure nor in the atmosphere (e.g.under water or underground), use 'OutsideLocation'. CYC: A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. Each instance of #$OutdoorLocation is a region of outdoor space; i.e. a region that is directly subject to atmospheric weather. Thus, the collection #$OutdoorLocation does _not_ include as instances any instances of #$UnderwaterLocation (q.v.) or any places that are underground (see #$Underground). Specializations of #$OutdoorLocation include #$MountainRange, #$Stream, and #$Highway. This is a Location, but it can be a PhysicalObject, so is not disjoint from PhysicalObject. For the PhysicalObjects that predominantly occupy certain 'OutdoorLocation's see subtypes of 'GeographicalObject'. This is hard to distinguish from 'outdors' in essential meaning, though these two words are used in different syntactical structures. @ToDo: perhaps more thought to this? This sense can also be linguistically signalled by the word 'out' ('I'm going out for a walk'), but there is no sense of 'out' in WordNet exactly corresponding to this concept - closest is the adverb 'out', only part of which is included in this sense of 'Outdoors': in WordNet: WN adverb 'out' 1. (5) out - (away from home; 'they went out last night')
Super-classes	Outdoors^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outdoor^c
Sub-classes	HumanResidenceRegion^c UnderWater^c

OutdoorObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorObject`
Description	An Object that is typically located Outdoors. Some OutdoorObjects, such as trees and lawns, may in unusual cases be located in some large enclosed space. COSMO note: In Cyc this was 'Outdoors-ExposedToWeather', and included a heterogeneous grouping of objects, substances, and regions. In COSMO it is strictly a physical object, restricted to those objects typically located 'Outdoors'. Cyc comment: The collection of instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized that are outside under the sky, exposed to weather, not immersed in water, not in space, and not underground. In Cyc buildings and building complexes are considered as 'OutdoorObject', and COSMO follows this usage.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some GenericLocation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outdoor^c isLocatedAt^op value Outdoors^c
Sub-classes	Graveyard^c PowerGenerationComplex^c Valley^c Cirque^c AtSea^c PowerTransmissionLine^c Field^c Escarpment^c RearOutdoorArea^c Shore^c Shipyard^c BusStop^c Mound^c Dock^c Playground^c Ashore^c Campground^c Mountainside^c OutdoorGeographicalObject^c PlaygroundObject^c Billboard^c RoadShoulder^c PlainArea^c Hillside^c BirdFeeder^c Cloud^c SoftGround^c Bluff^c Yard-BuildingGrounds^c CombatZone^c Roadside^c

OutdoorRecreationArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutdoorRecreationArea`
Description	Cosmo note: terms ending in 'Area' are generally the sum of the ''PhysicalObject''s located in some ''Region'', which is a region of space and disjoint with ''PhysicalObject''. This usage differs from CYC usage. NOTE: an 'OutdoorRecreationArea'' is broadly interpreted to mean that its purpose is for any kind of simple relaxation or vigorous sports activity, the only restriction being that it is not dedicated to productive working actions. CYC: A specialization of #$OutdoorLocation and #$Artifact. Each instance of #$OutdoorRecreationArea is an area designed to provide a venue for outdoor entertainment. Specializations include #$AmusementPark, #$SwimmingPool-Outdoor, #$SkiSlope, #$GolfCourse and #$DrivingRange. A natural beach that has not been crafted by human hands to serve as a venue for entertainment is not an instance of #$OutdoorRecreationArea, but a beach with lifeguards or snack bars or a scenic trail is an instance of #$OutdoorRecreationArea. For the more specific LandArea that is used for recreation, use some subtype of this type or ''RecreationalArea''.
Super-classes	OpenArea^c OutdoorArea^c Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	AmusementPark^c Courtyard^c Patio^c Park^c

Outdoors^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outdoors`
Description	Any region of space on the surface of the Earth, within the Earth's atmosphere, or on some object itself located on the surface of the Earth (including on ships at sea), which is not inside of an enclosed structure. NOTE that some minor parts of such a region may have structures, and may therefore contain some indoors regions, but this is a subtype of GeographicaRegion which is mostly outside of structures. A GeographicalRegion that is mostly inside a dense city and includes multiple buildings would not be an instance of this type, but a courtyard in a city would be. NOTE: for the 'area' (a PhysicalObject'') located in an ''Outdoors'' region, use ''OutdoorArea''. NOTE that 'OutdoorLocation' applies to whole area, and to be in an 'OutdoorLocation' does not necessarily imply that one is not inside a building. See 'OutdoorObject' for further elaboration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outdoors' in WordNet: 1. outdoors, out-of-doors, open air, open - (where the air is unconfined; 'he wanted to get outdoors a little'; 'the concert was held in the open air'; 'camping in the open')
Super-classes	OutsideLocation^c GeographicalRegion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outdoor^c
Sub-classes	Locality^c NaturalWorld^c OutdoorLocation^c

Outer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outer

Description

A specialization of the AttributeValue 'External', signifying that the entity characterized is near or at the surface or perimeter of some object or place. 'an outer wall' 'the outer gate'

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'outer' and part of 
       adjective sense 1 of 'exterior' in WordNet;
       (the notion of 'suitable for' as in 'exterior paint' is not
       included in this sense - this is a location attribute): in WordNet:
        1. (6) outer - (being on the outside or further from a center;
           'spent hours adorning the outer man'; 'the outer suburbs')
        3. outer - (being on or toward the outside of the body; 'the outer ear')
       WN adj 'exterior':
         1. (2) exterior - (situated in or suitable for the outdoors or 
             outside of a building; 'an exterior scene'; 'exterior grade plywood'; 
             'exterior paints')

Super-classes External^c

OuterEdge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterEdge`
Description	An ''OuterEdge'' is a feature of a ''FlatObject'' that is located at the outer border between the object itself and the rest of the world. `NOTE that the ''FlatObject'' can be part of a larger object, such as the top part of a container that holds the opening into the container. Thus a door frame is an example, as is the top rim of a vase or a jar. For disk-like objects such as wheels, the outer edge would be circular.`
Super-classes	EdgeOnObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FlatObject^c
Sub-classes	Rim^c Fringe^c

OuterGarment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterGarment`
Description	A specialization of #$ClothingItem. Each instance of #$OuterGarment is a piece of clothing that is worn outside of other garments. A common purpose of outer garments is to protect their wearers and/or their wearers' inner garments from outside elements (for example, instances of the specialization #$RainCoat protect their wearers and their wearers' inner garments from getting wet during a rain storm). An instance of #$OuterGarment may also be a robe of office or position, such as an academic gown or a bishop's mantle. `NOTE: that this is not necessarily intended to be worn outdoors. For outdoor wear, use ''OutdoorClothing'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outer garment' in WordNet: 1. overgarment, outer garment - (a garment worn over other garments)`
Super-classes	Garment^c DurableGood^c
Sub-classes	Coat^c Caftan-Western^c Cloak^c Sari^c Poncho^c LabCoat^c Apron^c Robe^c Caftan^c Toga^c Wrap^c Gown^c

OuterPhysicalSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterPhysicalSurface`
Description	A 'OuterPhysicalSurface' is some part of the outer surface of a Three-Dimensional 'PhysicalObject'. This is only that portion of the matter of the surface that can be seen from the outside (if opaque), or is in contact with other objects that are pressed onto it, and is therefore very thin, but it is a PhysicalObject. It may be only one or a few atoms thick. This is the part that can be cleaned to remove adhering material. This differs from 'SurfacePortion' in that it may be (but is not necessarily) the whole of the physical surface. For a deeper portion of the surface (such as the surface of a body of water that can float a boat) use 'Surface-Physical'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surface' in WordNet: 1. (103) surface - (the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; 'there is a special cleaner for these surfaces'; 'the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface')`
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c PhysicalFeature^c SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Visible^c
Sub-classes	Anus^c TopSurface^c ExteriorWall^c Crust^c

OuterSpaceLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpaceLocation`
Description	An OuterSpaceLocation is any place (including objects) outside the Earth's atmosphere. One caution - because the Earth is an AstronomicalObject, not all AstronomicalObjects are OuterSpace Locations. The subtype 'AsronomicalObject' includes all physical objects outside the Earth's atmosphere. `NOTE that 'OuterSpaceRegion' is the Region corresponding to this location. But Regions are disjoint from PhysicalObjects, so this type is not identical to 'OuterSpaceRegion'.`
Super-classes	Place^c
Sub-classes	Star^c NonEarthSolarPlanet^c AstronomicalObject^c OuterSpaceRegion^c

OuterSpaceObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpaceObject`
Description	Any physical objects outside the Earth's atmosphere, including artificial Earth satellites.
Super-classes	AstronomicalObject^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Astronomer^c
Sub-classes	Nebula^c Comet^c Asteroid^c Quasar^c GroupOfStars^c CometHead^c

OuterSpaceRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpaceRegion`
Description	OuterSpace is any part of the region beyond the limits of the Earth's atmosphere, including locations on or inside of other planets. It is disjoint with ''GeographicalRegion''. It is also disjoint with locations under the Earth's surface (which are not included in ''GeographicalRegion'). Called 'SpaceRegion' in Cyc and SUMO: Cyc: A specialization of both #$SpatialThing and #$IntangibleIndividual (qq.v.) whose instances are regions of space that exclusively act as possible locations for other spatial objects, and thus are immobile. A space region might be three-, two-, one-, or zero-dimensional; and spatial objects occupy such regions accordingly. Three-dimensional space regions (see #$ChunkOfSpace) can be occupied by solid objects. Two-dimensional space regions (or #$SpaceSurfaces) can be occupied by a purely two-dimensional objects. And similarly for one-dimensional space regions (#$SpaceLines) and zero-dimensional space regions (#$SpacePoints). Another important specialization of #$SpaceRegion is #$SpaceRegion-Empirical, whose instances are pieces of the embedding space for spatio-temporal objects (see #$SpatialThing-Localized). For more on spatial location and occupancy, see #$AbsoluteLocationalPredicate and its instances. SUMO: The class of all Regions which are not GeographicAreas. NOTE that 'OuterSpaceLocation' is the Location corresponding to this Region. But Regions are disjoint from PhysicalObjects, and this type includes physical objects like planets and stars, so this type is not identical to 'OuterSpaceLocation, but is a subtype'.
Super-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c OuterSpaceLocation^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c doesNotHavePart^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c isNotaPartOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c isNotaPartOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpace http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpaceVacuum

Outfield^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outfield`
Description	The 'Outfield' is the entire part of a BaseballField outside the area delimited by the four bases (the 'infield'), consisting of RightField and LeftField and CenterField. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outfield' in WordNet: 1. (2) outfield - (the area of a baseball playing field beyond the lines connecting the bases)`
Super-classes	AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some Baseball^c doesNotHavePart^op value BaseballDiamond^c hasSpatialPart^op value LeftField^c hasSpatialPart^op value CenterField^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballField^c hasSpatialPart^op value RightField^c

Outfielder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outfielder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outfielder' in WordNet: 1. (4) outfielder - ((baseball) a person who plays in the outfield)`
Super-classes	Fielder^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Outfield^c

Outgoing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outgoing

Description

''Outgoing'' is an atribute with two salient meanings: it characterizes an Object that is ''LeavingaPlace'' or a Person who is leaving a position of employment or a government position. The WN gloss suggests that the synset represents both meanings.

       NOTE:theere is no COSMO type for the general action of leaving some position,
         so that is repreented by three conceptual subtypes:  'OustingFromaPosition'',
           ''Retiring'', and 'Resigning'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outgoing' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) outgoing - (leaving a place or a position; 'an outgoing steamship'; 
               'the outgoing president')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OutgrowingClothes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutgrowingClothes`
Description	''Outgrowing'' is a ''GrowingEvent'' and a ''Development'' in which some Person eomes too large to fit into the clothes that they used to wear. `Corresponds to part (for size of people vs clothing) verb sense 1 of 'outgrow' in WordNet: 1. (1) outgrow - (grow too large or too mature for; 'I have outgrown these clothes'; 'She outgrew her childish habits')`
Super-classes	Development^c GrowingEvent^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Larger^c produces^op value UnuseableClothingItem^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Outgrowth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outgrowth`
Description	An ''Outgrowth'' is an 'Effect'' (Event,including states) of some Event that is of a different type from the Event preceding it, and which results by or as if by some gradual process analogous to 'growth'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outgrowth' in WordNet: 1. outgrowth, branch, offshoot, offset - (a natural consequence of development)`
Super-classes	Effect^c Result^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value Development^c

Outhouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outhouse`
Description	An ''Outhouse'' is an ''Outbuilding'' used as a toilet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outhouse' in WordNet: 1. outhouse, privy, earth-closet, jakes - (a small outbuilding with a bench having holes through which a user can defecate)`
Super-classes	Outbuilding^c
Restrictions	isNearTo^op value Building^c

Outing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outing`
Description	An ''Outing'' is a 'Travel-TripEvent' taken for pleasure rather than for business or to perform chores. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outing' in WordNet: 1. (1) excursion, jaunt, outing, junket, pleasure trip, expedition, sashay - (a journey taken for pleasure; 'many summer excursions to the shore'; 'it was merely a pleasure trip'; 'after cautious sashays into the field')`
Super-classes	Travel-TripEvent^c
Sub-classes	Picnic^c

Outlaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outlaw`
Description	A person who has committed a crime or been convicted of a crime, but is not in custody of legal authorities; especially, one who has been living in that state for some time, whether or not the law is actively pursuing them. CYC: The set of people thought to live outside the reach of the law. Outlaws are generally criminals, though some outlaws are on the run from the law because they are thought to be criminals even though they may not have actually committed any crimes. #$Outlaw differs from #$Fugitive, in that #$Outlaws need not be on the run from the law (for example, because the law might be afraid of them), while #$Fugitives are actively trying to avoid capture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outlaw' in Wordnet: 1. (1) criminal, felon, crook, outlaw, malefactor - (someone who has committed (or been legally convicted of) a crime)
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Sub-classes	Renegade^c

OutlawedObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutlawedObjectType`
Description	''OutlawedObjectType'' is a metatype that serves as a metatype for owl:Classes representing things whose sale is illegal (in some jurisdiction).
Super-classes	ObjectType^c

Outline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outline`
Description	A Outline is a two-dimensional shape that is characterized only by the patterns of the edges. In visual representations, an Outline has only the line tracing the edge, filled with white. For the two-dimensional figure in which the interior areas formed by the Outline is filled with black (or other dark color) use 'Silhouette'. `NOTE: an ''Outline'' might be construed as the edge of a ''Silhouette'' but there are usually used in different contexts with little relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outline' in Wordnet: 1. (3) outline, lineation - (the line that appears to bound an object)`
Super-classes	Line^c Shape^c
Sub-classes	Skyline^c Coastline^c

Outliving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outliving`
Description	''Outliving'' is the subtype of ''Living'' in which a ''LifeForm'' (usually a person) continues to live after some other Event ends, The other Event is usually the lifetime of another Person, but this is a broad sense including the outliving of any other "Thing". 'the plow horse outlived his usefulness.' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'outlive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) outlive, outlast, survive - (live longer than; 'She outlived her husband by many years')`
Super-classes	Living^c Continuation^c StayingInaState^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfComparison^op some owl:Thing^c

Outlook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outlook`
Description	''Outlook'' is an ''Attitude'' that infuences a Person's response to Events. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outlook' in WordNet: 1. (11) mentality, outlook, mindset, mind-set - (a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations)`
Super-classes	Attitude^c
Restrictions	ableToAffect^op some Responding^c
Sub-classes	Orientation-Viewpoint^c

Outnumbering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outnumbering`
Description	''Outnumbering'' is a ''TotalingUpto'' for a ''Group'' conssting of some ''Quantity'' of Things that is greater than the ''Quantity'' of Things in a comparison ''Group''. `This type could point to a ''Group'' of two ''Group''s, one of which is larger than the other. Can be added when needed Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outnumber' in WordNet: 1. (2) outnumber - (be larger in number)`
Super-classes	TotalingUpto^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Group^c hasDirectObject^op some Group^c

Outpatient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outpatient`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$MedicalPatients who leave after being the recipient of a #$MedicalCareEvent without spending a night in a #$MedicalCareInstitution. `This is a ''Role'' that only applies while a Person is at a MedicalFacility. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outpatient' in WordNet: 1. outpatient - (a patient who does not reside in the hospital where he is being treated)`
Super-classes	MedicalPatient^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value VisitingaMedicalFacility^c

OutpatientClinic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutpatientClinic`
Description	An ''OutpatientClinic'' is a ''MedicalFacility'' that does not have beds to keep patients overnight.
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some MedicalClinic^c

Outpost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outpost`
Description	An ''Outpost'' is a 'MilitaryBase' that is in a remote location. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'outpost' in WordNet: 3. (1) outpost - (a military post stationed at a distance from the main body of troops)`
Super-classes	MilitaryBase^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some DistantLocation^c

Output^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Output

Description

''Output'' is a ''Product'' of some Action intended to produce it. It may be an ''Object'' or an instance of ''SubstanceType'' (a 'substance'). It is usually expressed as some quantity of a specific type of thing that an Action has produced - sometimes within a specific period of time (units per day) when the Action is an ongoing production action..

  This is the generic type pointed to by the relation ''hasProduct'' on
    a ''ProcessingSomething'' Action.

   Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'output' in WordNet,
      as it may include specifying a ''SubstanceType'' without specifying
      the quantity - but it could specify the quantity:
    in Wordnet:
       2. (5) output, yield - (production of a certain amount)

Super-classes Product^c

Outrage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outrage`
Description	COSMO: the feeling experienced by someone who is very angry at some clearly evil, outrageous action of some person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outrage' in WordNet: 1. (1) indignation, outrage - (a feeling of righteous anger)`
Super-classes	Anger^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MorallyRighteous^c mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op value OutrageousAction^c

Outrageous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outrageous

Description

''Horrible'' is an attribute value of a ''HumanActivity'' that is so cruel to some other person or animal it provokes feelings of ''Revulsion'' in most observers.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outrageous' in WordNet:
         1. (1) hideous, horrid, horrific, outrageous - (grossly offensive to decency 
           or morality; causing horror; 'subjected to outrageous cruelty';
           'a hideous pattern of injustice'; 'horrific conditions in the mining industry')

Super-classes Abominable^c

OutrageousAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutrageousAction`
Description	An ''OutrageousAction'' is a particularly bad 'AntisocialAction' performed intentionally by some Person that can cause 'outrage' in many people who learn of it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scandal ' in WordNet: 2. (1) scandal, outrage - (a disgraceful event)`
Super-classes	CausingaFeeling^c AntisocialAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outrageous^c causesMentalEventType^op value Outrage^c

Outreach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outreach`
Description	This sense of ''Outreach'' is for the type of ''ServiceEvent'' performed by community service personnel, whether by a government or public service organization, that performs services for people who are 'underserved',in part by informing them of services or benefits that may be available, and in some cases performing such services. The generic sense is to 'reach out' but that can cover many different actions. `RHW noun 'outreach': 6. the act of extending services, benefits, etc., to a wider section of the population, as in community work. NOTE: the WN gloss for the only sense of 'outreach' does not appear to conform to the intended meaning described above, and illustrates the broad and vague usage of this word. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'outreach' in WordNet: 1. (5) outreach - (the act of reaching out; 'the outreach toward truth of the human spirit')`
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c Communication^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c

Outright^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outright

Description

''Outright'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Words as literally mean the thing that they denote, not figuratively or approximately. 'an outright lie'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outright' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) outright, straight-out, unlimited - (without reservation or exception)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

OutsideLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutsideLocation`
Description	An 'OutsideLocation' is any 'GenericLocation' on the EarthsSurface that is mostly outside of (not included in the spatial region of) some Structure or container, and not underground. This is a broad sense, including the outside of containers and the outside of geographical or spatial regions. This can be used generally for locations defined by geographical features,where one does not want to differentiate between a ''Region'' of space and the disjoint 'Area' which is a group of PhysicalObjects (including land or water) occupying some ''Region''. When used in that way,'outode'means that most of the space is outside of human-built structures, even if those structures are nevertheles contained in some ''OutsideLocation''. `But 'outdoors' or 'outside' meaning completely outside of an enclosed structure, in the open air, are represented by 'Outdoors' and 'OutdoorLocation'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outside' in WordNet: 1. (7) outside, exterior - (the region that is outside of something)`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	Orchard^c OutdoorArea^c Outdoors^c Habitat^c MilitaryPosition^c Overlook^c OutdoorArtifact^c RearOutdoorArea^c RuralRegion^c RuralArea^c

OutsideOfTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutsideOfTime

Description

''OutsideOfTime'' is an attribute of ''Abstract'' things (Objects or Events) that do not exist in our ''SpaceTime'' (the ''RealWorld''), and have no start or finish time. This is especially applicable to Mathematical concepts (which are, in this view, not 'created' by ''IntelligentAgent''s, but are 'discovered' - however controversial). This does not include ''MentalObject''s, which are also ''Abstract'' but are created at some point in time by an ''IntelligentAgent''.

        This is referred to as 'timeless' but WN has no corresponding sense of that word.
           RHW 'timeless': 1. without beginning or end; eternal; everlasting.

       NOTE: this is not synonymous with 'eternal', which is used to refer to Physical
          objects or phenomena that last indefinitely, without commitment to whether
          our physical SpaceTime may or may not have an end.  Physical objects
          or phenomena are not ''Timeless'' in this sense.

Super-classes Abstract^c
Eternal^c

OutsideTheHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OutsideTheHouse`
Description	A ''OutsideTheHouse'' is any Place other than one's own Home (residence). This is relative to the Person whose location is being specified by this type. `This type is used for situations where one wants to distinguish behaviors or dress appropriate for appearance in public, as compared with what one can do (almost anything!) when in one's own home.`
Super-classes	Place^c Role^c
Restrictions	isOutsideOf^op some Home^c isSomethingOtherThan^op value Home^c

Outsider^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outsider

Description

A ''Outsider'' is a person who is not a member of some close-knit Group of people.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outsider' in WordNet:
            1. (2) foreigner, outsider - 
                (someone who is excluded from or is not a member of a group)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
ReciprocalRole^c

Outskirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outskirt`
Description	A ''Outskirt'' is a ''Fringe'' of a CityArea, part of the OuterEdge.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outskirt' in WordNet: 1. (1) outskirt, fringe - (a part of the city far removed from the center; 'they built a factory on the outskirts of the city')`
Super-classes	Fringe^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op value CityArea^c

Outskirts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outskirts`
Description	An ''Outskirts'' is a Group of ''Outskirt''s for one CityArea. `NOTE: for the 'outskirts' of a crowd, use ''Fringe''. Corresponds to part (near a City) of noun sense 1 of 'outskirts' in WordNet: 1. (3) outskirts - (outlying areas (as of a city or town); 'they lived on the outskirts of Houston'; 'they mingled in the outskirts of the crowd')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Outskirt^c isNearTo^op exactly 2

Outsourced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outsourced`
Description	''Outsourced'' is the attribute of some ''OrganizationOperation'' or ServiceEvent or some goods that were obtained from an Agent not employed by the Organization itself.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Outsourcing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outsourcing`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outsource' in WordNet: 1. outsource - (obtain goods or services from an outside supplier; to contract work out; 'Many companies outsource and hire consultants rather in order to maintain a flexible workforce')`
Super-classes	Obtaining^c
Restrictions	resultsInAcquisitionOf^op only (ServiceEvent^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or ActionType^c or SubstanceType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outsourced^c

Outstanding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outstanding

Description

A even higher degree of Goodness than 'Excellent'; extremely good, better than the best within any local group.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outstanding' in WordNet:
        1. (5) outstanding - (distinguished from others in excellence;
         'did outstanding work in human relations'; 'an outstanding war record')

Super-classes GoodnessValue^c

Outstation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outstation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outstation' in WordNet: 1. outstation, outpost - (a station in a remote or sparsely populated location)`
Super-classes	AssignedPost^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some DistantLocation^c

Outstretched^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outstretched

Description

''StretchedOut'' is the adjective characterizing ''AnimalBodyPart's that have been changed in length by some ''ExtendingaBodyPart''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outstretched' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) outstretched - (fully extended especially in length; 'a kitten with one paw outstretched')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Outvoting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outvoting`
Description	In any given ''DecidingByVote'' there is always some number of voter who are in the minority, and therefore are 'outvoted'. This type is intended to represent an 'outvoting' where some identifiable Group of voting participants have the minority of votes. TheIdentifuiable group could be a ''PoliticalParty'',if there is a clear division of the vote along partisan lines, or it could be any kind of ''InterestGroup''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'outvote' in WordNet: 1. outvote - (defeat by a majority of votes; 'The Democrats outvoted the Republicans')`
Super-classes	DecidingByVote^c DefeatingAnOpponent^c
Restrictions	mayProduce^op value Legislation^c hasMainTopic^op value PolicyProposal^c

Outward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outward

Description

'Outward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from the inside of some object or region to a location outside of that object or region. The exact vector of the movement is not defined by use of this measure, and may or may not be restricted by the context of the assertikon; if there is only one exit to a room, going out of the room implies moving through that portal. The interpretation depends on context, therefore this sense is also a LogicalFunction, and the function will need to interpret the context to determine the exact sense intended.

 'out' is similar in some uses - 'to go out' (from any location)

 This corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'outward' in RHW:
  1. proceeding or directed toward the outside or exterior, 
     or away from a central point: the outward flow of gold; 
     the outward part of a voyage.

  This sense is also close to the sense of adverb 'outwards'
    and sense 1 of 'outward' in WordNet:
     1. (1) outward, outwards - (toward the outside;
       'move the needle further outward!')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
DirectionMeasure^c

Outwardly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outwardly

Description

This ''Outwardly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that asserts that the assertion characterized refers to the outside appearance of the thing under discussion. This can be used as an ''AdverbOfManner'' (somewhat similar to ''Openly'') or as an ''AdverbialModifier'' modifying an attribute ('outwardly calm'), or as a sentential adverb. 'outwardly, she appeared composed' similar to 'she appeared outwardly composed' 'she tried to look outwardly composed' Perhaps these can be distinguished??

      Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'outwardly' in WordNet:
        2. outwardly - (in outward appearance; 'outwardly, she appeared composed')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
AdverbialModifier^c

Outweighing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Outweighing`
Description	''Outweighing'' is the state of some ''PhysicalObject'' ''Surpassing'' some one or more other ''PhysicalObject''s in ''Weight''. To assert this Action requires some two or more ''Weighing'' actions to provide the data. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'outweigh' in WordNet: 1. (4) outweigh - (be heavier than)`
Super-classes	Surpassing^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op min 2

Ovarian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ovarian

Description

''Ovarian'' is an attribute pertaining to the ''Ovary'' and things that occur or are located there.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ovarian' in Wordnet:
           1. ovarian - (of or involving the ovaries; 'ovarian cancer')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Ovary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ovary

Description

An ''Ovary'' is the ''FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan'' where the 'eggs' (ova) are produced.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ovary' in WordNet:
         2. ovary - ((vertebrates) one of usually two organs that produce 
            ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone)

Super-classes Gonad^c
FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan^c

Ovation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ovation

Description

An ''Ovation'' is an act of enthusiastic applauding often with most of the audience standing, to signify strong approval, usually including clapping and often shouts such as 'bravo' (or 'brava').

       More sincere than mild 'polite' applause for performances that are not
          exceptionally good.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ovation' in WordNet:
         1. ovation, standing ovation - (enthusiastic recognition 
             (especially one accompanied by loud applause))

Super-classes Applauding^c
Applauding-Clapping^c

Oven^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oven`
Description	An ''ArtifactObject'' that is receptacle or compartment for baking, roasting, drying or heating something. It may be the only HeatingDevice in some location, or may be part of a ''KitchenRange'' (the combined ''Oven'' and ''Cooktop-Device''). For a stand-alone ''Oven'' that is a ''HouseholdAppliance'' use ''FoodOven''. This type is a very generic oven, and includes the ovens used to fire pottery and laboratory ovens used to intensely heat samples, as well as those used to bake food, and also includes crude ovens made from brick or stone, as well as modern kitchen appliances. It also includes microwave ovens. This is more general than the SUMO 'oven'. @ToDO: subtypes? For the heating devices used to smelt ores, melt glass, incinerate debris or corpses, or produce steam or hot air for heating, the term 'furnace' is used. For firing pottery, 'kiln' is commonly used. SUMO: A HeatingDevice with a door for inserting and removing Food that is to be baked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oven' in Wordnet: 1. (2) oven - (kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting)
Super-classes	Box^c HeatingDevice^c ProcessingContainer^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value HeatingSomething^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value Baking^c
Sub-classes	FoodOven^c MicrowaveOven^c

OverDoingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverDoingSomething

Description

''OverDoingSomething'' is a subtype of PerformingSomeAction where the Action was ''Excessive'' in some respect, according to the agent expressing that opinion.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overdo' in Wordnet:
        1. overdo, exaggerate - (do something to an excessive degree; 
          "He overdid it last night when he did 100 pushups")

Super-classes PerformingSomeAction^c

OverSatedAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverSatedAnimal`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Animals that are stuffed with food.
Super-classes	Animal^c

OverSnowVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverSnowVehicle`
Description	CYC: The collection of vehicles which are intended to travel easily over snow-covered terrain. `This is for powered vehicles, not sleds or skis.`
Super-classes	LandTransportationVehicle^c
Sub-classes	Snowmobile^c

OverTheAir^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverTheAir

Description

This attribute ''Wireless'' is an attribute for Devices or systems that depend for some aspect of their function on transmitting signals using radio waves..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wireless' in Wordnet:
         1. wireless - (having no wires; 'a wireless security system')

Super-classes Wireless^c

OverTheCounterDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverTheCounterDrug`
Description	COSMO note: this is a substance, not an Object. FDA regulations regulate both substances and delivery forms, but the most important element is the substance. @ToD0 - if necessary, regulation on delivery forms can also be represented in COSMO. Looks too specialized. `Cyc: The collection of drugs which are legally able to be sold without a doctor's prescription. NOTE: the legal requirements for 'prescription' requirement varies for different governmental jurisdictions. The USA is one of the strictest. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'over-the-counter drug' in WordNet: 1. over-the-counter drug, over-the-counter medicine - (a drug that is sold without a prescription)`
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nonprescription^c
Sub-classes	EyeDropSolution^c CoughMedicine^c MedicalLotion^c

OverTone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverTone

Description

An ''OverTone'' is a ''Harmonic'' with a higher frequency than the reference ''Harmonic'' of which it is an OverTone.

        NOTE: in WordNet, this synset represents the perceived ''Sensation'', but here
           this represents the physical phenomenon of sound waves.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overtone' in WordNet:
             2. overtone, partial, partial tone - (a harmonic with a frequency that is
                a multiple of the fundamental frequency)

Super-classes HarmonicTone^c

Overabundance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overabundance`
Description	An ''Overabundance'' is a higher degree of ''Abundance'', a PersistentState in which there is much more than enough of some accessible resources to satisfy the needs of some agent. The thing that is in excess is pointed to by the relation 'hasSubjectOfState'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'overabundance' in WordNet: 1. surfeit, excess, overabundance - (the state of being more than full) 2. overabundance, overmuch, overmuchness, superabundance - (a quantity that is more than what is appropriate; 'four-year-olds have an overabundance of energy'; 'we received an inundation of email') WN noun 'surplus': 1. (4) excess, surplus, surplusage, nimiety - (a quantity much larger than is needed) WN noun 'redundancy': 2. (1) redundancy, redundance - (the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded; 'the use of industrial robots created redundancy among workers')
Super-classes	Abundance^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or GenericSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c) isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Spare^c
Sub-classes	Congestion^c

Overalls^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overalls`
Description	CYC: The collection of overalls, a kind of one-piece sleeveless garment with long legs and suspenders. A typical kind of clothing on farms in the midwest (still), and among handymen/women. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overall' in Wordnet: 1. (4) overall - ((usually plural) work clothing consisting of denim trousers (usually with a bib and shoulder straps))`
Super-classes	Clothing-Bottom^c EnvelopingCovering^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value BothLegs^c surrounds-3D^op value HumanLeg^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sleeveless^c

Overblown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overblown

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overblown' in Wordnet:
           1. grandiloquent, overblown, pompous, pontifical, portentous -
             (puffed up with vanity; 'a grandiloquent and boastful manner'; 'overblown oratory'; 
             'a pompous speech'; 'pseudo-scientific gobbledygook and pontifical hooey'- Newsweek)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Overboard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overboard

Description

This sense of 'Overboard' modfies actions that are performed with an exceess of enthusiasm.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'overboard' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) overboard - (to extremes; 'he went overboard to please his in-laws')

Super-classes Enthusiastically^c
DirectionalAttributeValue^c

Overboardwise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overboardwise

Description

''Overboardwise'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' specifying a direction of a Motion, from a Boat into the BodyOfWater. This headword is used as an alternative to the term 'overboard that is actually used in English for this sense, but in COSMO is the corresponding AttributeValue..

       Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'overboard' in Wordnet:
           2. (3) overboard - (from on board a vessel into the water; 
                 'they dropped their garbage overboard')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Overburden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overburden`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'overburden' in WordNet: 2. overload, overburden - (an excessive burden)`
Super-classes	Burden^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c

Overburdening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overburdening`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of ';overburden' in Wordnet: 2. overburden - (load with excessive weight) WN verb 'overload': 3. overload, surcharge, overcharge - (place too much a load on; 'don't overload the car')`
Super-classes	BurdeningSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Overburden^c

Overcharging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overcharging

Description

''Overcharging'' is a ''Defrauding'' in which a seller sells to a buyer at a price that is well above the fair market value, while trying to make it seem as though that is a fair price.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overcharge' in WordNet:
           1. overcharge, soak, surcharge, gazump, fleece, plume, pluck, rob, hook - 
               (rip off; ask an unreasonable price)

Super-classes Defrauding^c

Overcoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overcoat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overcoat' in WordNet: 1. (3) greatcoat, overcoat, topcoat - (a heavy coat worn over clothes in winter)`
Super-classes	Coat^c

OvercomingaChallenge^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OvercomingaChallenge

Description

The general sense of overcoming some kind of challenge. Beating an opponent is a subtype.

     Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defeat' in WordNet:
     1. (14) get the better of, overcome, defeat - (win a victory over;
        'You must overcome all difficulties'; 'defeat your enemies';
        'He overcame his shyness'; 'She conquered here fear of mice';
        'He overcame his infirmity'; 'Her anger got the better of her
        and she blew up')

Super-classes PurposefulAction^c

Overcrowded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overcrowded

Description

''Overcrowded'' is the attribute of the place (usually indoors, but possibly in a confined area outdoors) that has so many people the people are uncomfortably cose together.

        No adj sense for 'overcrowded' in WN.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Overcrowding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overcrowding`
Description	''Overcrowding'' is a ''Crowding'' that is excessive and prevents some People from performing desired or intended Actions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overcrowd' in WordNet: 1. overcrowd - (cause to crowd together too much; 'The students overcrowded the cafeteria') 2. overcrowd - (crowd together too much) WN noun 'over-crowding': 1. congestion, over-crowding - (excessive crowding; 'traffic congestion')`
Super-classes	Crowding^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Action^c hasAttributeValue^op value Excessive^c
Sub-classes	TrafficCongestion^c

Overdosing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overdosing`
Description	''Overdosing'' is an ''AdministeringaDrug'' Action where the quantity of drug administered is significantly more than the amount prescribed or recommended, which causes some ''SideEffect'', which can be serious, possibly leading to death. `NOTE: this can be done by a person taking medication on hisher own so it is difficult to cleanly distinguish an intransitive sense. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overdose' in WordNet: 1. overdose, o.d. - (dose too heavily; 'The rock star overdosed and was found dead in his hotel room')`
Super-classes	AdministeringaDrug^c
Restrictions	causes^op some DrugSideEffect^c

Overdue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overdue`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overdue' in Wordnet: 1. delinquent, overdue - (past due; not paid at the scheduled time; 'an overdue installment'; 'a delinquent account')`
Super-classes	Owed^c Tardy^c

Overeating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overeating`
Description	''Overeating'' is the Action in which a person eats more than enough to satisfy hunger, and enough to create a Feeling of the stomache being 'overfull'; eating excessively. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overeat' in WordNet: 1. (2) gorge, ingurgitate, overindulge, glut, englut, stuff, engorge, overgorge, overeat, gormandize, gormandise, gourmandize, binge, pig out, satiate, scarf out - (overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself; 'She stuffed herself at the dinner'; 'The kids binged on icecream') WN noun 'binge': 2. bust, tear, binge, bout - (an occasion for excessive eating or drinking; 'they went on a bust that lasted three days')`
Super-classes	Feasting^c EatingaMeal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c

Overestimate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overestimate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'overestimate' in WordNet: 2. overestimate, overestimation, overrating, overreckoning - (a calculation that results in an estimate that is too high)`
Super-classes	Approximation^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op value Overestimating^c wasCreatedInEvent^op some Overestimating^c

Overestimating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overestimating`
Description	''Overestimating'' is an ''Estimating'' that produces an ''Approximation'' (an 'estimate') that is more than the true value. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'overestimate' in WordNet: 2. overvalue, overestimate - (assign too high a value to; 'You are overestimating the value of your old car')`
Super-classes	Estimating^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Overestimate^c hasResult^op some Overestimate^c

Overflowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overflowing`
Description	''Overflowing'' is a ''Streaming'' in which some Liquid or Group of objects (usually animals or people) moving into a container (including stream beds) that is too small to contain or transmit the amount fowing in, and the excess supply moves into some area nearby. This is both for liquids and groups of animals (including people). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overflow' in WordNet: 1. (2) overflow, overrun, well over, run over, brim over - (flow or run over (a limit or brim))`
Super-classes	FluidFlowEvent^c Streaming^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value BeingLarger^c
Sub-classes	Flooding^c

Overfull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overfull`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overfull' in Wordnet: 1. glutted, overfull - (exceeding demand; 'a glutted market')`
Super-classes	VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c Excessive^c

Overhang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overhang`
Description	An ''Eaves'' is a projection at the lower end of a sloping roof that extends over the wall of the structure below the roof. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overhang' in WordNet: 1. (1) overhang - (projection that extends beyond or hangs over something else)`
Super-classes	Projection^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Eaves^c

Overhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overhead`
Description	''Overhead'' is an Accounting topic for businesses determining the Price needed to make a Profit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overhead' in WordNet: 1. (3) operating expense, operating cost, overhead, budget items - (the expense of maintaining property (e.g., paying property taxes and utilities and insurance); it does not include depreciation or the cost of financing or income taxes)`
Super-classes	Expenses^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Accountant^c isaPartOf^op value Accounting^c

Overhearing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overhearing

Description

''Overhearing'' is ''HearingDirectly'' of Speech that is not addressed to oneself.

       Logical description needs 'SpeakingNotAddresedToTheListener' - complex.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overhear' in WordNet:
         1. (8) catch, take in, overhear - (hear, usually without the knowledge of the speakers; 
            'We overheard the conversation at the next table')

Super-classes Observing^c
AccessingAnIBT^c
Hearing^c

Overheating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overheating`
Description	''Overheating'' is an transitive ''Event'' in which some object get hotter than is optimal for some purpose - e.g. an animal overheating can cause health problems or death. This type includes both transitive and intransitive senses. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'overheat' in WordNet: 1. (1) overheat - (get excessively and undesirably hot; 'The car engines overheated') 2. overheat - (make excessively or undesirably hot; 'The room was overheated')`
Super-classes	HeatingProcess^c BecomingEvent^c IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	heats^op some owl:Thing^c mayBeCausedBy^op value HeatingSomething^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Overhot^c
Sub-classes	MeltingDown^c

Overhot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overhot

Description

''Overhot'' is the attribute of something that is hotter than optimal for some ourpose, caused by an ''Overheating'' Event.

       No WN entry for 'overhot' or;toohot'.  
       In RHW there is a derived adjective entry 'overhot' without a definition.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Hotter^c

Overlap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overlap`
Description	An ''Overlap'' is a''Flap'' (a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' attached to the end of a larger ''SheetOfSomeStuff'') that partly completely touches some larger ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that may or may not be otherwise connnected to the ''Overlap''. This includes a ''Lapel''of a coat,but isnotrestricted to clothing items. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'overlap' in WordNet: 3. lap, overlap - (a flap that lies over another part; 'the lap of the shingles should be at least ten inches')`
Super-classes	Flap^c
Restrictions	touchesDirectly^op value FlatObject^c
Sub-classes	Lapel^c

Overlapping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overlapping`
Description	This ''Overlapping'' includes the generic sense of having some parts in common or having some parts adjacent physical location. The latter sense is represented as the subAttribute ''OverlappingPhysically''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overlapping' in Wordnet: 1. (1) overlapping - (related by having something in common with or coinciding with; 'having overlapping duties'; 'found unexpected overlapping areas of interest')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OverlappingPhysically^c

OverlappingPartly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverlappingPartly`
Description	''OverlappingPartly'' is a ''BeingPartlyInaPlace'' in which an ''OverlappingParts'' (a Group of two different ''Object''s) are in the same region of space while other parts of those objects are not in that region. This can be applied to physical or abstract objects. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'overlap' (for Objects, not time intervals or Events) in WordNet: 1. (5) overlap - (coincide partially or wholly; 'Our vacations overlap')`
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c Coexistence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some OverlappingParts^c occursAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c)

OverlappingParts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverlappingParts`
Description	'OverlappingParts'' is a Group of two or more ''ObjectPart''s that exist within some region of space while other parts of those Objects are not located in that region.. `This can be used for abstract objects, such as the overlapping region of a Venn diagram, as well as ''PhysicalObject''s.`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some (LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c) hasComponentElement^op only ObjectPart^c

OverlappingPhysically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverlappingPhysically

Description

''OverlappingPhysically'' is the attribute of Groups of PhysicalObjects, especially flat sheets, of which some parts come in close physical contact, as in shingles on a roof.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'overlapping' in Wordnet:
       2. lap-jointed, lap-strake, lap-straked, lap-streak, lap-streaked, overlapping -
            (laid overlapping (not flush))

Super-classes Overlapping^c

Overload^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overload`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overload' in WordNet: 1. (1) overload - (an electrical load that exceeds the available electrical power)`
Super-classes	ElectricCurrent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c

OverloadingaCarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverloadingaCarrier`
Description	load, lade, laden, load up
Super-classes	BurdeningSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Overburden^c

Overlook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overlook`
Description	The ground and nearby physical objects within an open area on a high place where a view (a vista) of a lower nearby region is available. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overlook' in WordNet: 1. overlook - (a high place affording a good view)`
Super-classes	OutsideLocation^c EarthSurfaceObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GeographicallyHigh^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value HillOrMountain^c

OverlookingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverlookingSomething`
Description	The unintentional failure to perform some Action that may be but is not necessarily one of a set of Actions that is performed or might have been performed. IF the lack of action is due to a failed attempt, the Action attempted is pointed to by the relation ''hasAttemptedAction''. The Event that did not happen is pointed to by the (inherited)relation 'hasEventNotOccurring'; the thing 'skipped' (object, event, whatever) is pointed to by the ''hasThingSkipped'' relation. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'overlook' in WordNet: 1. (6) overlook - (look past, fail to notice) 3. (1) neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, miss, leave out, overlook, overleap - (leave undone or leave out; 'How could I miss that typo?'; 'The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten') WN verb 'skip': 1. (7) jump, pass over, skip, skip over - (bypass; 'He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible')
Super-classes	SkippingOverSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingSkipped^op some owl:Thing^c hasTheReverseEffectOf^op value IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c

OverlookingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverlookingaPlace`
Description	''OverlookingaPlace'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' which is done by some conspicuous Object, often a structure, and where the 'place' is a some elevated location (as on a hill) that has a view of another place at a nearby lower elevation, and where the conspicuous Object is prominently visible from the lower location. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'overlook' in Wordnet: 4. dominate, command, overlook, overtop - (look down on; 'The villa dominates the town')`
Super-classes	BeingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some LargeObject^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Conspicuous^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value High^c

Overlord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overlord`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overlord' in WordNet: 1. overlord, master, lord - (a person who has general authority over others)`
Super-classes	Leader^c Authority^c
Sub-classes	LiegeLord^c

Overnight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overnight

Description

''Overnight'' is an Attribute of Events that occur throughout the ''NightTime'', the TimeInterval starting at sunset and ending at sunrise, but can also include some time before sunset and after sunrise.

   TimeInterval that is by COSMO convention
      a 24-hour period Starting at 9 PM one day and ending at 9 PM the next
      day.  This can be used to express the notion of a ''StayingOvernight''
      or an 'overnight delivery'  meaning that one gets an item the next day, or a .
      If an 'overnight' delivery arrives after 5PM, one may say it is 'late'
      This can be used to describe a 'sleepover' or an 'overnight stay.
      Closest WN sense includes 'all-night' which is not exactly the same.
        Perhaps a 'nighttime' adjective is needed for the part of the
        WN sense not covered by this type.

         Corresponds approxiately to adjective sense 1 of 'overnight' in WordNet:
           1. (2) nightlong, all-night, overnight - (lasting, open, or operating 
             through the whole night; 'a nightlong vigil'; 'an all-night drugstore'; 
             'an overnight trip')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Overnightly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overnightly

Description

'Overnightly' is an AdverbialModifier (text 'overnight', used for adjetive) that modifies an Event and specifies that it occurred in a surprisingly short time interval. 'very quickly'.

       RHW: 3. very quickly; suddenly: New suburbs sprang up overnight.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'overnight' in WordNet:
            1. (2) overnight - (happening in a short time or with great speed; 
              'these solutions cannot be found overnight!')

Super-classes Surprisingly^c
Quickly^c

Overpass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overpass`
Description	CYC: every overpass is a Roadway and a Bridge which is over another. `NOTE: This type allows a bridge over a ''Railway'' to be included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overpass' in WordNet: 1. overpass, flyover, flypast - (bridge formed by the upper level of a crossing of two highways at different levels; 'an overpass is called a flyover or a flypast in England')`
Super-classes	PathForWheeledVehicles^c Bridge^c Roadway^c
Restrictions	crossesAbove^op value PathForWheeledVehicles^c

Overpriced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overpriced

Description

''Overpriced'' is the attribute of an object or service for which the asking price from the vendor is greater than the price for the same product in some other location.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overpriced' in Wordnet:
     1. (1) overpriced - (too costly for the value; 'overpriced items at resort shops')

Super-classes Expensive^c

Overreacting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overreacting`
Description	An ''Overreacting'' is a ''Reaction' that is excessive and unnecessarily exaggerated as a response to the stimulus. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overreact' in Wordnet: 1. overreact - (show an exaggerated response to something; 'Don't overreact to the bad news - take it easy')`
Super-classes	Reaction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c

OverridingAnAutomaticVehicleController^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverridingAnAutomaticVehicleController`
Description	'OverridingAnAutomaticVehicleController'' is a ''DisablingaDevice'' Action in which the ''Device'' disabled is an ''AutomaticVehicleController''. This is performed by a Person when that Person wants to resume manual control of the vehicle, (e.g. Automobile or Airplane) for any reason. `There should be broader sense of 'override' as parent of this type. Needs more consideration. Includes but is broader than verb sense 3 of 'override' in WordNet: 3. override - (counteract the normal operation of (an automatic gear shift in a vehicle))`
Super-classes	DisablingaDevice^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value AutomaticVehicleController^c

Overruling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overruling`
Description	Each ''Decreeing'' is an 'AssigningaRule' that creates NOTE: the WN gloss example appears to be closer to the meaning of 'outvoted' - unless it means the House dominated by Democrats turned down a bill passed in a Senate by Republicans - but even that is not an ''Overruling'' in this sense. A decision that needs two parties to agree is not a ''Decreeing'' unless the parties agree and the bill is passed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overrule' in WordNet: 1. (3) overrule, overturn, override, overthrow, reverse - (rule against; 'The Republicans were overruled when the House voted on the bill')
Super-classes	Decreeing^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op some Decreeing^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Decreeing^c

Overseas^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overseas

Description

''Overseas'' is a subtype of 'Foreign' indicating that the current location of the thing characterized is other than the Country of reference.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overseas' in WordNet:
           1. (1) abroad, overseas - 
               (in a foreign country; 'markets abroad'; 'overseas markets')

Super-classes Foreign^c

Oversensitive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oversensitive

Description

'Oversensitive' is an excessive degree of ''EmotionallySensitive'' characterizing people.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oversensitive' in Wordnet:
         1. oversensitive - (unduly sensitive or thin-skinned)

Super-classes Sensitive^c
Excessive^c

Overshadowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overshadowing`
Description	''Oveshadowing'' is a more intense state of ''BeingProminent'', especially in relation to some other individual thing or some group of things. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overshadow' in WordNet: 1. (1) overshadow, eclipse - (exceed in importance; outweigh; 'This problem overshadows our lives right now')`
Super-classes	BeingProminent^c Exceeding^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Important^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Conspicuous^c

Overshoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overshoe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overshoe' in WordNet: 1. (1) overshoe - (footwear that protects your shoes from water or snow or cold)`
Super-classes	FootwearItem^c

Overshooting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overshooting

Description

''Overshooting'' is a ''ShootingAtSomething'' that did not succeed (missed the ''Target'') because the aim was too high, resulting in the Projectile going over the Target or going beyond the Target. Contrasts to 'undershooting'.

     Corresponds to verb sense 1 of ''Undershooting'' in WordNet:
       1. (1) overshoot - (shoot beyond or over (a target))

Super-classes MissingaTarget^c
ShootingAtSomething^c

Oversight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oversight`
Description	The causes of 'oversight' in RHW include 'carelessness': RHW 'oversight': 1. an omission or error due to carelessness: My bank statement is full of oversights. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'oversight' in WordNet: 3. oversight, lapse - (a mistake resulting from inattention)`
Super-classes	MistakenAction^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Carelessness^c mayBeCausedBy^op value Inattention^c

Oversimplified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oversimplified`
Description	An Attribute of descriptions or arguments that have experienced ''Oversimplifying''.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Simplistic^c

Oversimplifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oversimplifying`
Description	'''Oversimplifying'' is an excessive 'Simplifying'' of some description or argument. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'oversimplify' in WordNet: 1. oversimplify - (simplify to an excessive degree; 'Don't oversimplify the problem') 2. oversimplify - (make too simple; 'Don't oversimplify the instructions')`
Super-classes	Simplifying^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Oversimplified^c

Oversized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oversized

Description

''Oversized'' characterizes a PhysicalObject that is ''Larger'' than normal for its type, or too large for some purpose: 'charge a fee for oversized luggage'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oversized' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) outsize, outsized, oversize, oversized - (larger than normal for its kind)

Super-classes Larger^c

Oversleeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oversleeping`
Description	''Oversleeping'' is a ''SleepingEvent'' in which the sleeper sleeps longer than intended. This can happen whthether or not the ''Oversleeping'' results in failure to perform some Action on time. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'oversleep' in WordNet: 1. oversleep - (sleep longer than intended)`
Super-classes	SleepingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prolonged^c

Overt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overt

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overt' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) overt, open - (open and observable; not secret or hidden; 'an overt lie'; 'overt hostility'; 
               'overt intelligence gathering'; 'open ballots')

Super-classes Perceivable^c

OvertakingaVehicle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OvertakingaVehicle

Description

Each 'OvertakingaVehicle' is a ''PassingThroughOrBySomething'' Event in which one vehicle moves faster than another vehicle ahead of it on the same road, so as to move alongside and then ahead of the second vehicle. An 'OvertakingaVehicle' can be done while both vehicles are in different lanes, or by the overtaking vehicle moving into a different lane while passing, and then moving back into the first lane, ahead of the second vehicle. Both vehicles must be moving in the same direction in order for the Action to be an instance of this type.

      Corresponds to verb sense 7  of 'pass' and verb sense 2 of 'overtake'in WordNet:
        7. (8) pass, overtake, overhaul - (travel past; 
           'The sports car passed all the trucks')

Super-classes PassingThroughOrBySomething^c

Overthinking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overthinking`
Description	''Overthinking'' is a form of 'DeepReasoning' where the amount of thinking and analysis is unnecessary and superfluous for the purpose of arriving at a correct conclusion. May lead to indecision when the result should be clear.
Super-classes	DeepReasoning^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unnecessary^c

Overtime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overtime`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overtime' in WordNet: 1. (1) overtime - (work done in addition to regular working hours)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c WorkingHours^c

Overtly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overtly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'overtly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) overtly - (in an overt manner; 'he did it overtly')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Overtones^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overtones`
Description	The ''Overtones'' is an ''Implication'' of some ''Communication'' is not expressed directly but ''Suggested'' by the whole context of the communication. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overtone' in WordNet: 1. (1) overtone - ((usually plural) an ulterior implicit meaning or quality; 'overtones of despair')
Super-classes	Implication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Implied^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Suggested^c

Overturned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overturned`
Description	''Overturned'' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that are TopAndBottomSidedObjects, that have the bottom side located above the top side in a gravitational field, having achieved that position by 'overturning'. For boats, the terms 'capsized' and 'capsizing' are usually used. `As yet, distinction between 'tipping over' (turning from vertical to horizontal) and ''UpsideDownInversion'' has not been included. @ToDo: This needs a 'capsizing' element to refer to the action involved. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overturned' in WordNet: 1. (1) overturned, upset, upturned - (having been turned so that the bottom is no longer the bottom; 'an overturned car'; 'the upset pitcher of milk'; 'sat on an upturned bucket')`
Super-classes	Upside-Down^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	Capsized^c

Overview^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overview

Description

An Overview is a ''Summary'' of a Topic that is usually longer and more comprehensive than a short ''Summary'' that is found at the beginning of an academic 'paper'. This could be the summary or 'introduction' at the beginning of a Book. ''Overview'' overlaps with and is hard to distinguish from a 'Sumary'' but if it is short, the type ''Summary '' should be used.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overview' in WordNet:
        1. overview - (a general summary of a subject; 
           'the treasurer gave a brief overview of the financial consequences')

Super-classes Summary^c

Overweight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overweight`
Description	'Overweight' is an AttributeValue that specifies that an animal (including people) has some degree of above average weight (mass); the degrees are represented as subtpes of this AttributeValue. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'overweight' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fleshy, heavy, overweight - (usually describes a large person who is fat but has a large frame to carry it)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Chubby^c Fat^c

OverwelmingSomeoneWithWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverwelmingSomeoneWithWork`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'overwelm' in WordNet: 2. (1) overwhelm, deluge, flood out - (charge someone with too many tasks)`
Super-classes	ChargingSomeoneWithaTask^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value OverwhelmedWithWork^c mayCause^op some WorkingEvent^c

OverwhelmedEmotionally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverwhelmedEmotionally`
Description	''OverwhelmedEmotionally'' is an attribute of a ''Person'' who was the object of a ''OverwhelmingEmotionally'' Action.
Super-classes	Troubled^c

OverwhelmedWithWork^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverwhelmedWithWork

Description

''OverwhelmedWithWork'' is an attribute of a ''Person''s who was the object of a ''OverwelmingSomeoneWithWork'' Action.

        overwhelmed with work

Super-classes BurdenedWithWork^c

Overwhelming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overwhelming`
Description	''Overwhelming'' is a subtype of ''Strong'' applied to things such as Events, attacks, feelings or natural forces, that can cause a feeling of hopelessness or despair, or just cannot be resisted (physically or psychologically). @ToDO1411 Need 'overwhelm' and 'resistible' includes to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'overwhelming' and sense 1 of 'irresistible' in WordNet: 1. (8) overpowering, overwhelming - (so strong as to be irresistible; 'an overpowering need for solitude'; 'the temptation to despair may become overwhelming'; 'an overwhelming majority') 2. consuming, overwhelming - (very intense; 'politics is his consuming passion'; 'overwhelming joy') WN adj 'irresistible': 1. (1) irresistible, resistless - (impossible to resist; overpowering; 'irresistible (or resistless) impulses'; 'what happens when an irresistible force meets an immovable object?')
Super-classes	Strong^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	MindBoggling^c Invincible^c Compulsive^c

OverwhelmingEmotionally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverwhelmingEmotionally`
Description	''OverwhelmingEmotionally' is an Event in which a strong emotion that cannot be ignored is elicited, which may hinder response to the situation. 'overwhelming grief' is one example. The specific emotions ellicited could be represented as subtypes. `For a more intensive 'overwhelming' see ''PsychologicalDevastation''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overwhelm' in WordNet: 1. (1) overwhelm, overpower, sweep over, whelm, overcome, overtake - (overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli)`
Super-classes	ArousingAnEmotion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Overwhelming^c
Sub-classes	StaggeringEmotionally^c PsychologicalDevastation^c

Overwhelmingly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overwhelmingly

Description

''Overwhelmingly'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions or modifies attributes to assert that the the Action or attribute was ''Overwhelming''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'overwhelmingly' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) overwhelmingly, overpoweringly, irresistibly - (incapable of being resisted; 
            'the candy looked overwhelmingly desirable to the dieting man')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

OverwhelminglySuccessful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverwhelminglySuccessful`
Description	'OverwhelminglySuccessful' is a high degree of ''Successful'' used mostly for creative worlks such as Books, Movies, Play, or musical pieces that are attended (plays, concerts) or sold in large numbers.
Super-classes	Successful^c

Overworking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Overworking`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overwork' in WordNet: 1. overwork, overworking - (the act of working too much or too long; 'he became ill from overwork')`
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Excessive^c

OverworkingaSubordinate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OverworkingaSubordinate`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overwork' in WordNet: 2. overwork, exploit - (work excessively hard; 'he is exploiting the students')`
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Overworking^c

OviparousAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OviparousAnimal`
Description	CYC #$OviparousAnimal is a specialization of #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of #$OviparousAnimal is an animal that hatches from eggs expelled from its mother's body. Cf. #$ViviparousAnimal.
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Bird^c

Ovoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ovoid`
Description	'Ovoid' is a the three-dimensional object (solid or hollow) generated by rotating an Oval completely around its long axis. This is an approximate shape, and includes as a subtype 'egg-shaped', in which one end is narrower than the other. It also includes solid objects that have some distortion from the basic ovoid, such as beans that may have some degree of curvature. See ''Beanoid''. Includes but is more general than noun sense 1 of 'ovoid' in Wordnet (i.e. egg-shaped); this type can represent objects that are close to the ideal of the 'Ovoid' generated by rotating a symmetrical oval: in WordNet: 1. ovoid - (an egg-shaped object)
Super-classes	BallLikeObject^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Ovoidal^c
Sub-classes	Yolk^c Olive^c RugbyBall^c Pericarp^c EggWhite^c Fig^c Beanoid^c

Ovoidal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ovoidal`
Description	'Ovoidal' is the three-dimensional shape attribute of an 'Ovoid', the three-dimensional body generated by rotating an Oval completely around its long axis; this attribute also applies to approximately Ovoid bodies such as a hen's Egg. `@add 'RotationallySymetric' For the more specific shape that is wider at one end than the other (i.e. an egg) use the subtype 'EggShaped'.`
Super-classes	Ellipsoidal^c BilaterallySymmetric^c
Sub-classes	EggShaped^c

Ovulating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ovulating`
Description	The process in which an ovum is discharged by an ovary. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ovulate' in WordNet: 1. ovulate - (produce and discharge eggs; 'women ovulate about once every month')`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c PhysiologicalProcess^c EmittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Ovum^c

Ovule^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ovule

Description

      CYC: The protective and nutritive tissue and the female
        gamete within, which develops into the seed after fertilization.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ovule' in WordNet:
          1. ovule - (a small body that contains the female germ cell
             of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization)

Super-classes PlantReproductiveStructure^c

Ovum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ovum

Description

CYC: A specialization of #$Gamete. Each instance of #$Ovum is a specialized gamete cell produced by meiosis (see #$Meiosis) in the reproductive tract of a female animal. Each ovum usually has half the number of chromosomes that a regular body cell does, and when fertilized by a sperm cell (see #$SpermCell), it becomes a zygote and continues to develop into a mature individual animal. See also #$FemaleAnimal, #$SexualReproductionEvent.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ovum' in WordNet:
         1. ovum, egg cell - (the female reproductive cell; the female gamete)

Super-classes Gamete^c

Owed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Owed`
Description	''Owed'' is an AttributeValue of something that rightfully belongs to one person and is in the possesson of another person, who hasPossession because the something was borrowed or is due to that one person because of some trade or service performed by the one person for that another person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'owed' in WordNet: 1. due, owed - (owed and payable immediately or on demand; 'payment is due')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Overdue^c Payable^c

Owing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Owing`
Description	'Owing' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which one IntelligentAgent (Person, Group, Organization) is indebted to another - the Debt being either to pay money or to perform some Action. Every 'OwingSituation' is the main topic of some 'Debt', a subtype of Assertion (e.g. 'I.O.U $50'). This may be referred to as a 'state of debt' or a 'debt'. `Instances of 'Owing' are related to the agents and thing owed by the specialized relations: hadAgentOwing hadAgentOwed hadThingOwed Includes verb sense 1 and part of sense 3 of 'owe' and noun sense 1 of 'debt' in WordNet (intellectual 'debt' is not included); in WordNet: 1. (11) owe - (be obliged to pay or repay) 3. (3) owe - (be in debt; 'She owes me $200'; 'The thesis owes much to his adviser') WN 'debt': 1. (3) debt - (the state of owing something (especially money); 'he is badly in debt')`
Super-classes	PersonalCircumstances^c UndesirableThing^c SocialState^c
Restrictions	hadAgentOwing^op some IntelligentAgent^c hadAgentOwed^op some IntelligentAgent^c hadThingOwed^op some SomethingOwed^c isTheMainTopicOf^op some Debt^c isCausedBy^op some Debt^c
Sub-classes	Receivables^c
In domain of	hadAgentOwed^op hadAgentOwing^op

Owl^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Owl

Description

SUMO: A nocturnal bird of prey with a large head and forward-facing eyes.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'owl' in WordNet:
           1. (3) owl, bird of Minerva, bird of night, hooter -
           (nocturnal bird of prey with hawk-like beak and claws and large head with front-facing eyes)

Super-classes BirdOfPrey^c

Own^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Own

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'own' in Wordnet:
          1. (259) own, ain - (belonging to or on behalf of a specified person 
             (especially yourself); preceded by a possessive; 'for your own use';
             'do your own thing'; 'she makes her own clothes'; ''ain' is Scottish')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Owned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Owned

Description

''Owned'' is an Attribute of Objects that are the object of 'Ownership'' (the thing owned). Common usage in phrases: see ObjectProperties: ''owns'' and ''isOwnedBy''

        Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'owned' in WordNet:
          1. (1) owned - (having an owner; often used in combination;
            'state-owned railways')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

OwnedMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OwnedMoney`
Description	Each instance of 'OwnedMoney' is the quantity of money (in any currency) available to some individual or collective agent. This corresponds most closely to the meaning of 'means' in phrases such as 'she has the means to pay her own way through college' or 'he has the means to buy a much more expensive car'. In these cases, the 'means' are the amount of money at one's disposal, which may or may not be one's net worth. This can apply to collective agents as well as individuals. `Instance of this type must specify the agent who owns the money referred to.`
Super-classes	QuantityOfMoney^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c

OwnedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OwnedObject`
Description	An ''OwnedObject'' is a ''Property'' (not necessarily a PeronalProperty) that is a PhysicalObject - a''Book-Physical'' or an ''Automobile'' or a piece of clothing, things that can be found at a second-hand shop or a used car lot, or a House Sale.
Super-classes	Property^c

Owner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Owner`
Description	A Person or other legal agent (e.g. corporation) who owns something, including those owning part of something (subtype ''Co-owner'') or a 'sole owner' owning all of something. `Sense 1 of 'owner' in WN is represented as the subtype ''Proprietor''. Includes sense 2 of 'owner' in WordNet, and sense 1 is represeed by the subtype ''Proprietor''. : in WordNet: 2. (9) owner, possessor - (a person who owns something; 'they are searching for the owner of the car'; 'who is the owner of that friendly smile?') WN Corresponds to FIBO 'owner': uses SKOS def: WN 'A party in the ownership role; one that owns something. WN The thing owned is an Asset to that Party.'`
Super-classes	PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	owns^op some (ValuableThing^c or ObjectType^c) performsAction^op value Ownership^c
Sub-classes	Hoarder^c Saver^c HomeOwner^c LandOwner^c Licensee^c Stakeholder^c Bearer^c Proprietor^c Co-Owner^c

Ownership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ownership`
Description	Each 'Ownership' is a 'Possession' (a PersistentState) in which a 'IntentionalAgent' has legal ownership of something - an Object or something intangible that is valuable. See also the relation 'owns' or 'hasOwnershipIn' Corresponds to FIBO 'ownership': skos-definition: 'Ownership is the context in which some Party is said to own some Independent Thing. The Party is defined as such due to its being the owning party to that Thing. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'ownership' and verb sense 1 of 'own' in WordNet, noun sense 1 appears to include one component ('possession with the right to [sell]') that is included in this sense, but that is conflated with a 'relation'. in WordNet: 1. (4) ownership - (the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others) 2. (10) possession, ownership - (the act of having and controlling property) 3. ownership - (the state or fact of being an owner) WN verb 'own': 1. (47) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?')
Super-classes	Possession^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOwned^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c) isPerformedBy^op some Owner^c createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op value PropertyRight^c
Sub-classes	HavingMoney^c OwningaFinancialAsset^c StateOwnership^c
In domain of	hasObjectOwned^op

OwningaFinancialAsset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OwningaFinancialAsset`
Description	''OwningaFinancialAsset'' is the state of 'Ownership' of some form of ''FinancialAsset''.
Super-classes	Ownership^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Bearer^c hasObjectOwned^op value FinancialAsset^c

Ox^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ox

Description

CYC: Oxen are castrated male #$Cattle-Generic (i.e. bulls) that have been trained for hauling loads, as opposed to Steers, the castrated male #$Cattle-Generic which are raised for slaughter.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ox' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) ox - (an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus)

Super-classes DomesticCattle^c
Bull-MaleHerdAnimal^c
NonHumanAnimal^c
TerrestrialOrganism^c
PlacentalMammal^c
Herbivore^c

Oxidation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oxidation`
Description	Any ChemicalProcess where Electrons are removed from the substance undergoing the ChemicalProcess. NOTE in spite of the name,''Oxygen'' is not necessarily involved,as this is the technical Chemistry concept. NOTE: AN Oxidation of one substance necessarily involves a reduction of another, and in chemistry, one speaks of 'redox' reactions, (reduction-oxidation). But the term 'oxidation' commonly refers to the reaction of something relatively stable (iron, wood) with air, and the perspective is saliently from the side of the thing being oxidized. So there is no precise logical distinction between an oxidation and a reduction, unless one has a particular starting material in mind as one of the reactants. Cyc: (OxidationProcess): A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, some amount of #$Oxygen reacts with ('reduces') another substance and releases energy in the process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oxidation' in Wordnet: 1. (21) oxidation, oxidization, oxidisation - (the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction)
Super-classes	PhysicalTransformationEvent^c HeatProductionProcess^c ChemicalReaction^c
Sub-classes	Combustion^c Rusting^c

Oxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oxide`
Description	Any compound that is a combination of some element and Oxygen, bound together in any combination. This is only for inorganic oxides. CYC: An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Oxide is a portion of stuff in which each molecule consists of a combination of oxygen atoms with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of #$Oxide include #$IronOxide (i.e. rust), #$CarbonDioxide, and (#$PureFn #$Water) (i.e. the collection of portions of chemically pure water). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oxide' in WordNet: 1. (5) oxide - (any compound of oxygen with another element or a radical)
Super-classes	InorganicChemical^c
Sub-classes	Peroxide^c Monoxide^c HydrogenPeroxide^c FerricOxide^c CarbonMonoxide^c ZincOxide^c AluminumOxide^c Dioxide^c

OxideType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OxideType`
Description	''OxideType'' is a subtype of ''SubstanceType'' specialized to allow easy representation one class of chemicals. Testing r1519.
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Oxygen^c
Members	CarbonMonoxide SiliconDioxide Rust Dioxide TinDioxide Oxide Peroxide Monoxide CarbonDioxide FerricOxide ZincOxide AluminumOxide SapphireStuff

Oxygen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oxygen`
Description	The element with eight protons in each nucleus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oxygen' in WordNet: 1. (56) oxygen, O, atomic number 8 - (a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust)`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c Gas^c
Restrictions	consistsOfManyOf^op value OxygenAtom^c
Sub-classes	BloodOxygen^c Oxygen_20percent^c

OxygenAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OxygenAtom`
Description	One atom of ''Oxygen''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes.
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Oxygen^c

OxygenCompound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OxygenCompound`
Description	Any ChemicallyDefinedSubstance containing Oxygen in its molecule..
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Oxygen^c
Sub-classes	Nucleotide^c NucleicAcid^c Ozone^c Nitrate^c

Oxygen_20percent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oxygen_20percent`
Description	Oxygen at 20% weight fraction (in some mixture). Note that the percentage of other constituents is not specified. To specify a full range of compositional values in some mixture, one can indicate each 'FractionalComponentSubstance' individually. `NOTE that because substances are Classes, the relation 'isaFractionalComponentOf' has to be on the Class itself, and the 'restriction' does not carry any meaning other than as documentation.`
Super-classes	Oxygen^c FractionalComponentSubstance^c
Restrictions	isWeightFraction^dp value 0.2^c isaFractionalComponentOf^op value Air^c

Oyster^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Oyster

Description

 " O Oysters, come and walk with us!
   The Walrus did beseech. "
   (From :" The Walrus and the Carpenter "  By Lewis Carroll)

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oyster' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) oyster - (marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; 
            found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters)

Super-classes Mollusk^c

Ozone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ozone`
Description	A triatomic allotropic form of the chemical element #$Oxygen, O3. Pure #$Ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas with a characteristic fresh, penetrating odor. Below its boiling point (-112 C) ozone is a dark blue liquid a blue-black crystalline solid. It is formed in the #$OzoneLayer-PlanetEarth (part of #$Stratosphere-PlanetEarth) by the action of solar ultraviolet light on #$Oxygen. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ozone' in WordNet: 1. (3) ozone - (a colorless gas (O3) soluble in alkalis and cold water; a strong oxidizing agent; can be produced by electric discharge in oxygen or by the action of ultraviolet radiation on oxygen in the stratosphere (where it acts as a screen for ultraviolet radiation))`
Super-classes	Gas^c OxygenCompound^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Oxygen^c

Pace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pace

Description

A rate of linear motion. The rate of moving on foot is represented by the subtype 'gait'.

            Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pace' in WordNet:
              1. (10) pace, gait - (the rate of moving (especially walking or running))

Super-classes RateMeasure^c

Pachyderm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pachyderm`
Description	Large mammals having a thick hide, specifically elephants, rhinos, and hippos. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pachyderm' in WordNet: 1. pachyderm - (any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals having very thick skin: elephant; rhinoceros; hippopotamus)`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c PlacentalMammal^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value ThickHide^c
Sub-classes	Mastodon^c Elephant^c

Pacifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pacifier`
Description	CYC: The collection of all pacifiers. A #$Pacifier is a device that is used by a #$HumanInfant or #$HumanToddler. The child holds the #$Pacifier in his or her mouth and sucks on it. This often has a soothing affect on the child, and may also ease the pain of teething. `This is used during the period when a child is performing ''Teething' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pacifier' in WordNet: 2. comforter, pacifier, baby's dummy, teething ring - (device used for an infant to suck or bite on)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	isForTheUseOf^op value HumanInfant^c hasDesignFunction^op value CalmingAnInfant^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SuckingOnSomethingInMouth^c

Pacifist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pacifist`
Description	A ''Pacifist'' is a Person with strong objections to waging war, though not for clear cases of self-defense. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pacifist' in WordNet: 1. pacifist, pacificist, disarmer - (someone opposed to violence as a means of settling disputes)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c Supporter^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value OpposingWar^c
Sub-classes	Peacenik^c

Pacifistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pacifistic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pacifistic' in Wordnet: 1. pacifist, pacifistic, dovish - (opposed to war)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Pacing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pacing

Description

CYC: Walking with a deliberate or measured stride. Pacing is also associated with expending nervous energy.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pace' in WordNet:
          1. (10) pace - (walk with slow or fast paces; 'He paced up and down the hall')

Super-classes HumanWalkingProcess^c

Pack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pack`
Description	Any 'Package' that is small enough to be held in the hand, such as a pack of cigarettes (i.e. is a 'PortableObject'). A 'Pack' must include the wrapping or container; A 'pack of cards' is an instance of this type only when it is in its holding box (outside, it is a 'deck of cards'). For a 'pack of cards' referring to the set of 52 cards, use 'PackOfThings'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pack' in WordNet: 3. (1) pack - (a convenient package or parcel (as of cigarettes or film))`
Super-classes	Package^c SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	BoxOfPlayingCards^c

PackOfAnimals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackOfAnimals`
Description	A 'PackOfAnimals' is a GroupOfAnimals each of which is a animal that hunts for food and moves in groups called 'packs', such as wolf packs. Other types of animals have Groups labeled by different terms ('a flock of geese'). `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'pack' in WordNet: 6. pack - (a group of hunting animals)`
Super-classes	GroupOfBeasts^c ClusterOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only HuntingAnimal^c

PackOfChocolateBars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackOfChocolateBars`
Description	A ''PackOfChocolateBars'' is a ''PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars'' in which the cotents are ''ChocolateBar''s. The exact type of bars can be specified by creating a subtype of this type.. If a dfferent type of wrap needs to be specified, the subtype ''PlasticWrappedPackage'' can be replaced by a different type that specifies a different 'Wrapping' material.
Super-classes	PlasticWrappedPackage^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ChocolateBar^c
Sub-classes	EightPackOfChocolateBars^c

PackOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackOfThings`
Description	A SetOfObjects for which each Object is of the same type, such as a pack of cards; an instance of PackOfThings will often but not necessarily be a complete set of such objects. This type does not include any wrapping material, so a PackOfThings that are playing cards could be loose in the hand, or contained in a container. `Most linguistic references to a 'pack' of things will include the container,and be represented by COSMO 'Pack'; loose playing cards without the packaging may also be referred to as a 'deck of cards'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pack' in WordNet: 2. (1) pack - (a complete collection of similar things)`
Super-classes	SetOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	DeckOfCards^c

Package^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Package`
Description	Any solid artifact that contains contents (a ''ContainerAndContents'') held together by some packaging or wrapping. A thin 'wrapping' paper or straps is considered as a borderling 'Comtainer' so this is a subtype of 'ContainerAndContents'; the wrapping is here considered as an ad hoc and temporary 'container'. Things placed in an open bag are included - the packaging does not have to be closed nor fully enveloping the contents, just sufficient to hold them. If, however, it is wrapped around by some sheet-like material, it would be an instance of the subtype ''WrappedPackage''. "cargo" This is a GroupOfObjects because it has at least two components - the contents and the packaging. A 'Package' can be large, such as something in a shipping crate. For small Packages able to be held in the hand (a pack of cigarettes) use 'Pack'. In Cyc called 'PackagedObject' Cyc: An object that is packaged together with its packaging. Packaging may serve to protect, identify, disguise (e.g., a wrapped present), physically control, the object. NOTE: the distinction between a 'box' and other types of packing container is not made here Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'package' and senses 1 and 3 of 'packet' and senses 1 and 4 of 'parcel' in WordNet: 1. (3) package, bundle, packet, parcel - (a collection of things wrapped or boxed together) 2. (3) package, parcel - (a wrapped container) WN 'packet' 3. packet - (a small package or bundle)
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c ContainerAndContents^c
Sub-classes	Pack^c WrappedPackage^c Shipment^c PackagedProduct^c

PackagedProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackagedProduct`
Description	A specialization of both #$ManufacturedGoods and #$PackagedObject. Each instance of #$PackagedProduct is a complete packaged product, including everything the customer gets when the product is purchased, i.e. the main product itself (see #$mainProduct), along with any packaging materials, manuals, instructions, warranty cards, etc.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Package^c ManufacturedGoods^c

PackagingBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackagingBag`
Description	A Bag that is sealed in some way when used as intended, used to package goods as a unit for sale or shipment. This excludes the open bags we use to carry stuff home from the store..
Super-classes	Bag^c PackagingContainerProduct^c StorageConstruct^c

PackagingBox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackagingBox`
Description	A Box used to package goods as a unit for sale or shipment. Holds items during the shipping and selling processes.
Super-classes	TransportationContainerProduct^c PackagingContainerProduct^c Box^c

PackagingContainerProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackagingContainerProduct`
Description	Container product intended to serve as the packaging for other products.
Super-classes	StorageConstruct^c
Sub-classes	DrinkingCan^c PackagingBox^c ClosableContainer^c PackagingBag^c SqueezeTube^c

PackagingUnit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackagingUnit

Description

Any UnitOfMeasure used to describe quantities in packages, typically used in commercial distribution contexts.

  One example would be in expressing maximum doses for medications,
  such as in 'maximum dose per day'.

  @ToDo: UCUm unit?

Super-classes UnitOfMeasure^c

PacketsPerSecond^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PacketsPerSecond`
Description	The rate or speed of Packet-Networks transferred in a second.
Super-classes	TimeDependentQuantity^c

Packing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Packing`
Description	COSMO note: This sense is for an agent asembling objects into some kind of package or container, so that they can be handled as a unit. This includes the metaphorical sense in the sentgence: 'This writer just packs in the metaphors, paragraph by paragraph.', where the paragraph is the container for the metaphors. OntoNotes Commentary: NP1[+agent] PACK (NP2[+concrete]) (IN NP3[container]) However, there are two senses not included here that Wordnet and OntoNotes includes, which should be separated out, meaning (1) that some material is compacted into a smaller volume, without being placed in a container, as in the sentences: The tighter a substance is packed, the denser it is. We packed the clay and straw into bricks. (2) the sense of inanimate objects coming together into a perceptible group, as in: 'Heavy clouds packed together, signalling rain.' For this sense, use 'ComingTogether'. @ToDoFOL: NOTE that there should be an inference that the place where the LocalGroup is assembled is a Container - but this requires FOL and is beyond OWL expressiveness Cyc: A collection of events. In each instance of #$Packing, some object(s) is/are put into a package. Note: Although #$Packing is a type of event, not a type of process, nevertheless one sometimes 'packs an item' for shipment by partially disassembling it and then 'packing it' in several packages, and that is seen as one single instance of #$Packing, even though each of the individual packages being packed is also seen as a #$Packing. For a related concept, see #$PackagingEvent. OntoNotes sense = sense 1 of WordNet 'pack' OntoNote examples: Who Packed the Suitcase? Billy had carefully packed the maps. Taverns were called clubs and owners packed the cheese in crocks. The tighter a substance is packed, the denser it is. We packed the clay and straw into bricks. Heavy clouds packed together, signalling rain. I packed up my stuff and moved across town. This writer just packs in the metaphors, paragraph by paragraph. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pack' in WordNet: 1. (12) pack - (arrange in a container; 'pack the books into the boxes')
Super-classes	Gathering^c PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c
Sub-classes	StowingFully^c

PackingTape^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PackingTape

Description

Each instance of PackingTape is a piece of Tape - an Object, not a Substance.

    Cyc: The collection packing tape.  This is strong wide
        tape used for packaging.

Super-classes AdhesiveTape^c

Pad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pad`
Description	A soft, stuffed Artifact to support something, not necessariy a animal (see ''Cushion''). May be a bag-like object but being thin it could be a single layer of some soft material. The subtype ''PotHolder'' is small and insulated for use in handling hot objects, soit 'supports' the hot objectwhile in the hand, not by sitting on the ''Pad''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pad' in WordNet: 4. pad - (a usually thin flat mass of padding)`
Super-classes	SpongyObject^c SupportingObject^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c DurableGood^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	PotHolder^c

PadOfPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PadOfPaper`
Description	COSMO note: a PadOfPaper is a Group of SheetOfPaper, bound together in some way. A PadOfPaper may include some components other than SheetOfPapers, such as a cardboard backing, and some binding material. `Cyc: The collection of all pads composed of sheets of (writing) paper. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pad of paper' in WordNet: 1. (1) pad, pad of paper, tablet - (a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c DurableGood^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Paper^c hasComponentElement^op some SheetOfPaper^c

Padded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Padded

Description

''Padded'' is an attribute of ''HardObject''s whose surface has been made softer by adding a ''Cushion'' to it in a ''Cushioning'' Action..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'padded' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) cushioned, cushiony, padded - (softened by the addition of cushions or padding)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Soft^c

Padding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Padding`
Description	A SolidSubstance that is Compressible and Soft,. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'padding' in WordNet: 1. padding, cushioning - (artifact consisting of soft or resilient material used to fill or give shape or protect or add comfort)`
Super-classes	CompressibleSubstance^c FunctionalSubstance^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c
Sub-classes	PillowStuffing^c Styrofoam^c

Paddle-Water^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paddle-Water`
Description	Paddle used in paddling a watercraft by hand. In COSMO this is a subtype of ''Oar'' that is on the small end of the spectrum of ''Oar''s; in CYC the parent-subtype is reversed. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'paddle' in Wordnet: 4. paddle, boat paddle - (a short light oar used without an oarlock to propel a canoe or small boat)`
Super-classes	Oar^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c hasDesignFunction^op value PaddlingABoat^c
Sub-classes	KayakPaddle^c

PaddleWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaddleWheel`
Description	The large wheel on the back (or side) of a paddle boat which provides the forward propulsion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paddle wheel' in WordNet: 1. paddlewheel, paddle wheel - (a large wheel fitted with paddles and driven by an engine in order to propel a boat)`
Super-classes	Wheel^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value PropellingaBoat^c hasComponentPart^op value PaddleWheelPaddle^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value PaddleWheeler^c

PaddleWheelPaddle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaddleWheelPaddle`
Description	A ''PaddleWheelPaddle'' is one of at least three horizontally oriented flat vanes (considered as 'paddles') mounted in a circular row between two supporting wheels, functioning as 'paddles' (like the oars of a rowboat) to propel ''PaddleWheeler'', but driven by an engine (traditionally a 'steam engine'). These may be mounted at the back or along the side of a ''PaddleWheeler''.
Super-classes	GenericVane^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value PaddleWheel^c

PaddleWheeler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaddleWheeler`
Description	A ''PaddleWheeler'' is a ''SteamShip'', for passengers or freight, typically travelling on a River, propelled by a ''PaddleWheel'' which is driven by an engine. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paddle-wheeler' in WordNet: 1. paddle steamer, paddle-wheeler - (a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels)`
Super-classes	SteamShip^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value River^c hasComponentPart^op value PaddleWheel^c

PaddlingABoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaddlingABoat`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Boating in which the boat is propelled partially or wholly by means of repeatedly dipping a #$Paddle-Water into the water, pushing or pulling the paddle against the water, and removing the paddle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paddle' in WordNet: 1. (1) paddle - (propel with a paddle; 'paddle your own canoe')`
Super-classes	Boating^c Rowing^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Paddle-Water^c

Padlock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Padlock`
Description	Locks that have a loop. `The 'loop' of a ''Padlock'' is called a 'shackle' and represented as 'Shackle''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'padlock' in WordNet: 1. (1) padlock - (a detachable lock; has a hinged shackle that can be passed through the staple of a hasp or the links in a chain and then snapped shut)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Lock^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredInstrumentForAction^op value PadlockingSomething^c hasComponentPart^op value PadlockBody^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c hasComponentPart^op value Shackle^c

PadlockBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PadlockBody`
Description	A ''PadlockBody'' is a ''Casing' (a container) that holds several functional components of a 'Padlock'' and is designed to hold the ''Shackle'' and lock it in place
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Casing^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToSemiRigidly^op value Shackle^c isDesignedToContain^op value LockingMechanism^c

PadlockingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PadlockingSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'padlock' in WordNet: 1. (1) padlock - (fasten with a padlock)`
Super-classes	LockingSomething^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Padlock^c

Paganism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paganism

Description

''Paganism'' is often associated with a belief in multiple 'gods' and lack of belief that the 'God' of the Bible is the only God..

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paganism' in WordNet:
       1. (1) paganism, pagan religion, heathenism - 
           (any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism)

Super-classes Religion^c

Page^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Page`
Description	A single page of Text, whether abstract or physical. For a page in a physical document use 'PhysicalPage'
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c InformationBearingThing^c
Sub-classes	BlankPage^c PhysicalPage^c GenericWebPage^c

PageField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PageField`
Description	Each ''PageField''is a ''PagePart'' in some ''Surface-Generic'', that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. This is added primarily in order to represent a ''FormField"'' whis may be a ''BlankSpace''to be filled, for the notion of 'filling in the blanks' whether on an AbstractDocument (as represented on a computer screen) or on a ''PhysicalPage'' This ''PageField'' does not have to be blank or fillable, it can be just an identifiable section of a generic ''Page'', such as a 'paragraph' that starts on a certain page (so one can say 'in paragraph 3 on page 134') NOTE that this is not a 'proper part', so can be the whole page. NOTE also that the part that is 'blank' on a ''BlankField'' does not include the field label.
Super-classes	PagePart^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Page^c
Sub-classes	FormField^c

PageMargin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PageMargin`
Description	A 'PageMargin' is a Region that borders some side(s) of a ''Page'' whether physical paper or on a screen or abstractly represented in a computer file. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'margin' in WordNet: 5. margin - (the blank space that surrounds the text on a page)
Super-classes	Margin^c
Restrictions	surrounds-2D^op value Page^c

PagePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PagePart`
Description	Each ''PagePart''is a 'SurfacePart' in some generic ''Page'', that can be a page in an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. `This is added primarily in order to represent ''BlankSpace'' for the notion of 'filling in the blanks' whether on an AbstractDocument (as represented on a computer screen) or on a ''PhysicalPage''`
Super-classes	SurfacePart^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Page^c
Sub-classes	BlankSpace^c PageField^c

Pageant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pageant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pageant' in WordNet: 2. pageant, pageantry - (a rich and spectacular ceremony)`
Super-classes	Ceremony^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elaborate^c hasParticipant^op value GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	BeautyPageant^c

Pager^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pager

Description

CYC: An instance is a small machine that you carry in a pocket, that makes short high noises to tell the person who is wearing it that they must telephone someone.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pager' in WordNet:
           1. beeper, pager - (an electronic device that generates a series of beeps
              when the person carrying it is being paged)

Super-classes ManufacturedGoods^c
ContactLocation^c
PersonalDevice^c
WirelessCommunicationDevice^c

Pagoda^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pagoda

Description

CYC: Far Eastern towers serving as shrines, usually part of a temple or monastery.

        NOTE: WN has this as a temple, while CYC has it as part of a temple.
        Maybe both possibilities??

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pagoda' in WordNet:
          1. pagoda - (an Asian temple; usually a pyramidal tower with an upward curving roof)

Super-classes Tower^c
TempleBuilding^c

Paid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paid

Description

''Paid'' is the attribute of something that experienced a ''Paying'', usually a bill or debt.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paid' in Wordnet:
            1. (2) paid - (marked by the reception of pay; 
              'paid work'; 'a paid official'; 'a paid announcement'; 'a paid check')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

PaidTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaidTask`
Description	A PaidTask is some Action or series of Actions that a Person is hired to do for pay (not necessarily monetary compensation). A 'PaidTask' may be part of the assignments of a 'Job' (regular employment), or any single Task that is agreed on by the person ororganization paying and performing the Task. `@ToDo: needs restriction Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'job' in WordNet: 2. (15) job, task, chore - (a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee; 'estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars'; 'the job of repairing the engine took several hours'; 'the endless task of classifying the samples'; 'the farmer's morning chores')`
Super-classes	Task^c WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gainful^c
Sub-classes	Labor^c ManualLabor^c EntertainmentPerformance^c

Pail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pail`
Description	A ''Bucket'' with an open top and a handle, and perhaps sloping sides. This is narrower (more specific) usage than in general speech. `WordNet makes no distinction between ''Bucket'' and ''Pail''. The Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pail' in Wordnet: 1. (5) bucket, pail - (a roughly cylindrical vessel that is open at the top)`
Super-classes	Bucket^c OpenTopContainer^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c

PainOrAche^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PainOrAche`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc termed 'Pain-PhysiologicalCondition'. PainOrAche is the state representing any period during which an animal experiences a feeling that would be categorized as 'ache' or 'pain'. PainOrAche is an instance of FeelingType (a subtype of PhysiologicalConditionType). The restriction specifies that each PainOrAche is a symptom of some AilmentType, but does not require that the AilmentType be specified; it can be specified if known. NOTE: this type includes several subtypes, so other than 'pain' the WN labels are not added here, but for the more specific subtypes. NOTE that 'ache' is a subtype of 'Pain' in the Random House Webster: (ache, sense 4), and in WordNet - RHW (ache, 4) 'a continuous, dull pain (in contrast to a sharp, sudden, or sporadic pain).' In COSMO all aches and pains are subtypes of the 'PainOrAche' category. For mental 'Pain' use 'MentalDistress'. This type is an instance of ''AilmentType'' even though it may be due to random and non-threatening events such as a dog bite or an overexercised muscle, because it may be 'treated' by medication or therapy or massage,and in that way is viewed similarly to an ''AilmentCondition''. So in COSMO a ''Symptom'' and an ''AilmentCondition'' are not absolutely disjoint. Cyc: A collection of the #$PhysiologicalConditions in which the #$bodilyDoer experiences physical pain. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'pain' in WordNet: 1. (32) pain, hurting - (a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; 'the patient developed severe pain and distension') 3. (9) pain, pain sensation, painful sensation - (a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; 'as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain') WN noun 'ache': 1. (2) ache, aching - (a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain)
Super-classes	Symptom^c PhysiologicalCondition^c UnpleasantSensation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Painful^c isaSymptomOf^op only AilmentType^c
Sub-classes	Heartburn^c Neuralgia^c ChronicPain^c Sting^c BurningPain^c SharpPain^c Ache^c TeethingPain^c Colic^c

Painful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painful`
Description	'Painful' is an AttributeValue that can be applied to Events (e.g. injury), or physiological conditions (Pain), or certain static situations (pressure, cold, heat). This is an attribute meaning that the Painful thing causes 'PainOrAche' of unspecified intensity. For psychological 'painful' things, use parent ''"Distressing'' or for more intense psychological pain, use ''Agonizing''. `Includes parts of adjective senses 1,2, and 4 of 'painful' in WordNet; only the physical pain is represented here; in WordNet: 1. (10) painful - (causing physical or psychological pain; 'worked with painful slowness') 2. (1) afflictive, painful, sore - (causing misery or pain or distress; 'it was a sore trial to him'; 'the painful process of growing up') 4. irritating, painful - (causing physical discomfort; 'bites of black flies are more than irritating; they can be very painful')`
Super-classes	Distressing^c
Sub-classes	Agonizing^c

Painless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painless

Description

'Painless' is an AttributeValue of Events that do not cause any significant ''SharpPain'' (though the needle may sting).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'painless  ' in WordNet:
         2. painless - (not causing physical or psychological pain; 'painless dentistry')

Super-classes Good^c

Painstaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painstaking`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'painstaking' in WordNet: 1. conscientious, painstaking, scrupulous - (characterized by extreme care and great effort; 'conscientious application to the work at hand'; 'painstaking research'; 'scrupulous attention to details')`
Super-classes	Careful^c
Sub-classes	Assiduous^c Rigorous^c Meticulous^c SurgicallyPrecise^c

Painstakingly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painstakingly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'painstakingly' in Wordnet: 1. painstakingly, fastidiously - (in a fastidious and painstaking manner; 'it is almost a waste of time painstakingly to learn the routines of selling')`
Super-classes	Meticulously^c
Sub-classes	Assiduously^c

Paint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paint`
Description	Paint of all kinds, both in its liquid state and (later) in its dried state on a surface. For the liquid paint only, use 'Paint-undried'. NOTE that this includes as a subtype ''Varnish' so a ''Paint'' does not necessarily have to have a color, or a pigment as component. (This may be disputed - if problematic, make a subtype of 'ColoredPaint') `COSMO note: In SUMO Paint is classified as a Solution, but paint is physically a 'Suspension', containing solid undissolved pigment particles. SUMO requires 'coloring' abilty but COSMO does not. SUMO: Any Solution which is capable of Coloring something. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paint' in WordNet: 1. (7) paint - (a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c Suspension^c CoatingMaterial^c ConsumableProduct^c
Sub-classes	Varnish^c Paint-undried^c EnamelPaint^c WaterColorPaint^c

Paint-dried^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paint-dried`
Description	The class of substances consisting of Paint which has dried: dry paint.
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c

Paint-undried^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paint-undried`
Description	The class of substances consisting of Paint which has not dried: wet paint on a surface or paint in a container.
Super-classes	LiquidSuspension^c Paint^c

PaintBrush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaintBrush`
Description	A stick with a set of fibers at the end used to paint. `This is for a paintbrush of any size,from wide ones used to paint a house to small ones used in paintting a picture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paintbrush' in WordNet: 1. paintbrush - (a brush used as an applicator (to apply paint))`
Super-classes	Brush^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ApplyingPaint^c

PaintCoating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaintCoating`
Description	A 'Coating' of ''Paint''. a subtype could be 'second coating' or 'finish coating'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coat of paint' in WordNet: 1. coat of paint - (a layer of paint covering something else)`
Super-classes	Coating^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Paint^c

Painted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painted

Description

''Painted'' is the AttributeValue of a SolidObject that has been 'Coated' with ''Paint''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'painted' in WordNet:
           1. (2) painted - (coated with paint; 'freshly painted lawn furniture')

Super-classes Coated^c

Painter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painter`
Description	The parent class including painters who are artists and painters who are trade workers.. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'painter' in WordNet: 1. (15) painter - (an artist who paints) 2. painter - (a worker who is employed to cover objects with paint)`
Super-classes	SkilledWorker^c
Sub-classes	Painter-Artist^c Painter-Tradesperson^c

Painter-Artist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painter-Artist

Description

Someone who paints pictures to create works of art..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'painter' in WordNet:
          1. (15) painter - (an artist who paints)

Super-classes Painter^c
GraphicArtist^c

Painter-Tradesperson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painter-Tradesperson`
Description	Someone who paints walls and other construction artifacts as a job. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'painter' in WordNet: 2. painter - (a worker who is employed to cover objects with paint)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c Painter^c
Sub-classes	HousePainter^c

Painting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Painting`
Description	NOTE: In Cyc called 'Painting-ArtForm'. The actual art form (FieldOfStudy) is represented in COSMO by 'TheArtOfPainting'. This type is for the physical objects created by an action creating a picture by applying paint to a surface. For the act of applying paint to a surface use 'ApplyingPaint'. Cyc: The collection of physical paintings as representational art forms. Paintings are tangible #$InformationBearingObjects, consisting of pigment applied to some surface (usually flat, often rectangular and sheetlike). This includes frescos painted on walls. SUMO: Any ArtWork which is produced by Painting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'painting' and sense 2 of 'picture' in WordNet: 1. (14) painting, picture - (graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface; 'a small painting by Picasso'; 'he bought the painting as an investment'; 'his pictures hang in the Louvre')
Super-classes	Picture^c Hand-RenderedImage^c FineArtObject^c
Sub-classes	WaterColorPainting^c Portrait^c ReligiousIcon^c Mural^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheMonaLisa

PaintingAPicture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaintingAPicture`
Description	CYC: The collection of actions in which paint is applied to a surface to produce an image considered (at least by the performer) to be an #$ArtObject. `This activity consumes Paint and produces a Painting, but the individuals need not be specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'paint' in WordNet: 1. (17) paint - (make a painting; 'he painted all day in the garden'; 'He painted a painting of the garden')`
Super-classes	VisualArtActivity^c ApplyingPaint^c CreatingAnArtObject^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Painting^c hadObjectCreated^op value Painting^c
Sub-classes	PaintingaWatercolorPicture^c

PaintingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaintingAnObject`
Description	An 'ApplyingPaint' action that is not intended to produce a 'Painting', but merely to coat an object or part of an object with 'Paint'. Painting a house, a room, a table, etc. `@ToDo: One paints a SolidObject Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'paint' in WordNet: 2. (13) paint - (apply paint to; coat with paint; 'We painted the rooms yellow')`
Super-classes	ApplyingPaint^c ApplyingaFinish^c
Sub-classes	PaintingaHouse^c

PaintingaHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaintingaHouse`
Description	''PaintingaHouse' is a 'PaintingAnObject' action where the object painted is a ''House'' or similar structure. This can be for painting the exterior of interior.
Super-classes	PaintingAnObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value HousePainter^c

PaintingaWatercolorPicture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaintingaWatercolorPicture`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'watercolor' in WordNet: 1. watercolour, watercolor - (paint with watercolors)`
Super-classes	PaintingAPicture^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value WaterColorPainting^c hadObjectCreated^op value WaterColorPainting^c consumesSubstance^op value WaterColorPaint^c

Pair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pair`
Description	A Pair is a Group containing exactly two elements. `This includes all senses of 'pair' in WordNet; the subtypes can differentiate according to the kinds of things that are included in the Pair: in WordNet: 1. (18) pair, brace - (a set of two similar things considered as a unit) 2. (10) couple, pair, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke, couplet, distich, duo, duet, dyad, duad - (two items of the same kind) 3. (7) pair - (two people considered as a unit) 4. pair - (a poker hand with 2 cards of the same value)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 2^c
Sub-classes	Cymbals^c ChopSticks^c TwoElectrodes^c TwoSteelBeams^c TwoAgentGroup^c PairOfEvents^c PairOfAgents^c HipAndRibCage^c TwoLiquids^c TwoWings^c RightAndLeftFields^c TwoElectricCircuits^c AdjacentDrainageBasins^c WaterWaves^c OrderedPair^c PolarOpposites^c LeftAndRightMargins^c PairOfObjects^c CauseAndEffect^c TwoParallelFaults^c TwoAdjacentClauses^c TwoSides^c DitransitiveObjectPair^c Headphones^c LinearlyOrderedPair^c FetusAndPlacenta^c RegionPair^c PropositionPair^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThroatAndStomach http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthAndSouthAmerica http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KidneyAndBladder http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElbowAndWrist http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThroatAndTrachea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DuodenumAndIleum http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AfricaAndArabia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnkleAndToe http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WristAndFinger http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterEarAndEardrum http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthernAndSouthernHemispheres http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverAndSea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeckAndBack http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnusAndGenitalia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LakeMeadAndBlackCanyon

PairOfAgents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfAgents`
Description	A ''PairOfAgents'' is a Pair, each element of which is an ''IntentionalAgent''. The ''PairOfAgents''' itself also qualifies as an Object.
Super-classes	Pair^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (IntentionalAgent^c or AgentType^c)

PairOfAnimals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfAnimals`
Description	A 'PairOfAnimals' is two animals, considered as a Group..
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c AnimalBLO^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Animal^c
Sub-classes	TwoCloseRelatives^c Couple^c CoupleOfPeople^c

PairOfBoots^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfBoots`
Description	A ''PairOfBoots'' is a ''Pair''of ''Boot''s matched in style,color, and size, for one left and one right foot.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matched^c

PairOfCountries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfCountries`
Description	Each ''PairOfCountries'' is a ''GeographicalRegionPair'' in which both regions are ''CountryRegion''s.
Super-classes	GeographicalRegionPair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only CountryRegion^c
Sub-classes	AdjacentCountries^c

PairOfDice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfDice`
Description	A ''PairOfDice'' is a (usually matched in color and size) of two ''Die-GamePiece''s typically thrown together in a game of chance, but also used individually. `WordNet conflates the idividual 'die' and the pair. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'die' in WordNet: 1. (6) dice, die - (small cubes with 1 to 6 spots on the faces; used to generate random numbers)`
Super-classes	GamePiece^c PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matched^c

PairOfEvents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfEvents`
Description	A 'PairOfEvents' is two ''Event''s.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Event^c

PairOfFlipFlops^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfFlipFlops`
Description	A paired (left and right) set of two 'Flip-Flop''s.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Flip-Flop^c

PairOfGloves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfGloves`
Description	A pair of two ''Glove''s, for left and right hands, though not all gloves differentiate the two.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matched^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value BothHands^c hasComponentElement^op only Glove^c

PairOfLungs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfLungs`
Description	A pair of two lungs, typically a part of an ''AirBreathingVertebrates''.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 isaPhysicalPartOf^op value AirBreathingVertebrate^c

PairOfNeighbors^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfNeighbors`
Description	A 'PairOfNeighbors' is two people, considered as a Group, who live nearby each other.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Neighbor^c

PairOfObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfObjects`
Description	A ''PairOfObjects'' is a Pair each element of which is an PhysicalObject. The PairOfObjects itself also qualifies as an Object.
Super-classes	Pair^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	BothParents^c BothArms^c BothWings^c ConnectedPair^c PairOfShoes^c BothLips^c BothHands^c TractorTrailer^c FlatEnds^c BothLegs^c BothEars^c BothEyes^c BothHeels^c HubAndRim^c PairOfAnimals^c PairOfGloves^c BothThumbs^c PairOfFlipFlops^c BothFeet^c PairOfNeighbors^c PairOfSandals^c PairOfDice^c PairOfPlantParts^c BothTusks^c PairOfBoots^c PairOfSneakers^c PairOfLungs^c BothSideburns^c BothBreasts^c ShoulderAndElbow^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthAndTheSun http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KneeAndAnkle

PairOfPlantParts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfPlantParts`
Description	A ''PairOfPlantParts'' is a ''PairOfObjects'' consisting of two ''PlantPart''s (especially leaves or branches).
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Plant^c hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

PairOfSandals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfSandals`
Description	A ''PairOfSandals'' is a ''Pair''of ''Sandal''s matched in style,color, and size, for one left and one right foot.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Sandal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matched^c

PairOfShoes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfShoes`
Description	A pair of two ''Shoe''s, for left and right feet.
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value BothFeet^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matched^c hasComponentElement^op only Shoe^c

PairOfSneakers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairOfSneakers`
Description	A ''PairOfSneakers'' is a ''Pair''of ''Sneaker''s matched in style, color, and size, for one left and one right foot. `sneakers`
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Matched^c

PairType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PairType`
Description	''PairType'' is a metatype used to allow specifying a type of ''Pair'' rather than an instance of ''Pair'' as the object of a ''isBetween'' relation.
Super-classes	GroupType^c
Members	HipAndRibCage

Paired^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paired`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'opposite' in Wordnet: 2. (4) opposite, paired - (of leaves etc; growing in pairs on either side of a stem; 'opposite leaves')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Pairing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pairing`
Description	''Pairing'' is a ''CreatingSubgroups'' in which the subgroup formed has exactly two members. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pairing' in WordNet: 2. pairing - (the act of grouping things or people in pairs)`
Super-classes	CreatingSubgroups^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Group^c produces^op some Pair^c
Sub-classes	Matchup^c

Pajamas^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pajamas

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of #$SleepWear consisting of a loose, soft top and pants. These were first worn in Western cultures in the early 20th century. The style is thought to have originated in India.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pajamas' in WordNet:
          2. pajama, pyjama, pj's, jammies - ((usually plural) 
            loose-fitting nightclothes worn for sleeping or lounging; 
            have a jacket top and trousers)

Super-classes SleepWear^c

PakistanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PakistanPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Pakistani' in WordNet: 1. Pakistani - (a native or inhabitant of Pakistan)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pakistan^c

Pakistani^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pakistani`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Pakistani' in Wordnet: 1. Pakistani - (of or relating to Pakistan or its people or language; 'Pakistani mountain passes'; 'Pakistani soldiers')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Palace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palace

Description

A Mansion (ResidentialBuilding) that is built for use of royalty.

      Called 'PalaceBuilding' in Cyc:
      Cyc: palace-HistoricConstruction, castles, chateaux!

     Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 4 of 'palace' in WordNet:
        1. (3) palace, castle - (a large and stately mansion)
        4. palace - (official residence of an exalted person (as a sovereign))

Super-classes Mansion^c

Palate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palate' in WordNet: 1. palate, roof of the mouth - (the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Mouth^c isTheTopPartOf^op value Mouth^c

PalateBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PalateBone`
Description
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Skull^c

Pale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pale`
Description	'Pale' is a ColorAttribute that can be used directly, or to modify other ColorAttributes. When modifying other ColorAttributes, it means that the saturation of that color is perceptibly less than its optimal saturation. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pale' in WordNet: 1. (12) pale - (very light colored; highly diluted with white; 'pale seagreen'; 'pale blue eyes')`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Pallid^c

Palestinian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palestinian

Description

''Palestinian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Palestinian''. This is usually written with a capital 'P'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Palestinian' in WordNet:
        1. Palestinian - (of or relating to the area of Palestine and its inhabitants;
           'Palestinian guerrillas')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PalestinianPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PalestinianPerson

Description

       Includes both noun senses 1 and 2  of 'Palestinian' in WordNet:
            1. Palestinian, Palestinian Arab - (a descendant of the Arabs who inhabited Palestine)
            2. Palestinian - (an ethnic group of Arabs formerly living in Palestine)

Super-classes Person^c
PersonByNationality^c

Palestinians^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palestinians`
Description	The ''Palestinians'' are the Arabic People who were living in 'Palestine' before the partition of 1948, and those who were born in the Arab Palestinian-controlled areas of 'Palestine' after the war.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only PalestinianPerson^c

Palette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palette`
Description	A portable flat surface used to hold oil or acrylic paints while painting a picture. Traditionally made of thin wood, having rounded edges and a thumb hole. A convenient innovation is a pad of oil-resistant paper palettes with a stiff cardboard back. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'palette' in WordNet: 2. (1) palette, pallet - (board that provides a flat surface on which artists mix paints and the range of colors used)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Board^c ArtSupplies^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c PortableObject^c RigidObject^c FlatObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Painter-Artist^c isUsedInAction^op value PaintingAPicture^c isDesignedToHold^op value SpotOfFreshPaint^c

Palladium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palladium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Palladium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palladium' in WordNet:
          1. (1) palladium, Pd, atomic number 46 -
            (a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group 
            that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores;
            does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

PallativeRemedy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PallativeRemedy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palliative' in WordNet: 1. palliative, alleviant, alleviator - (remedy that alleviates pain without curing)`
Super-classes	MedicalRemedy^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value RelievingPain^c

Pallet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pallet`
Description	A ''Pallet'' is a ''TransportablePlatform'' made of Wood from several boards, with two layers separated vertically by a space of about six inches, into which the forks of a ''Forklift'' can be inserted so as to lift and move the Pallet along with any load it supports. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pallet' in WordNet: 2. pallet - (a portable platform for storing or moving goods that are stacked on it)`
Super-classes	TransportationDevice^c TransportablePlatform^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isUsedInAction^op some TransportationEvent^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Forklift^c

PalletLoad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PalletLoad`
Description	A 'PalletLoad' is an approximate UnitOfMeasure, the quantity that will fill a ''Pallet'', of any size.
Super-classes	ContainerFull^c
Restrictions	isTheQuantityThatWillFillA^op value Pallet^c

Palliation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palliation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palliation' in WordNet: 1. palliation - (easing the severity of a pain or a disease without removing the cause)`
Super-classes	RelievingPain^c

Pallid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pallid

Description

'Pallid' is a ColorAttribute of people's skin that it means that the saturation of the skin color is perceptibly less than its usual saturation, closer to white. This can be subjective, depending on an individual's normal skin color. 'a pallid complexion'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'pale' and sense 1 of 'pallid' in WordNet:
        4. (3) pale, pallid, wan - (abnormally deficient in color as suggesting 
        physical or emotional distress; 'the pallid face of the invalid'; 'her wan face suddenly flushed')

Super-classes Pale^c

Palm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palm`
Description	Called in CYC 'PalmOfHand'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palm' in WordNet: 1. (4) palm, thenar - (the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers)`
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Hand^c

PalmOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PalmOil`
Description	A specialization of #$EdibleOil. Palm oil is oil pressed from the dried fruit of the #$AfricanOilPalm. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palm oil' in WordNet: 1. palm oil - (oil from nuts of oil palms especially the African oil palm)`
Super-classes	VegetableOil^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value PalmTree^c

PalmTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PalmTree`
Description	Individual Palm trees. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palm tree' in WordNet: 1. palm, palm tree - (any plant of the family Palmae having an unbranched trunk crowned by large pinnate or palmate leaves)`
Super-classes	Tree^c
Sub-classes	CoconutPalm^c

Palpable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palpable

Description

''Palpable'' is an Attribute of something (objects, attributes, or distinctions) can be perceived without difficulty by the human sense of touch - by touching.

    For the sense of 'being able to be felt by touching' use ''Tangible''.

  Correspods to part of adjective sense 1 of 'palpable' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) palpable, tangible - (capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind; 
         especially capable of being handled or touched or felt; 'a barely palpable dust'; 
         'felt sudden anger in a palpable wave'; 'the air was warm and close--palpable as cotton')

Super-classes Perceivable^c
Obvious^c

Palpitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Palpitation`
Description	''Palpitation'' is an ''Arrhythmia'' in which the heart beats rapidly (''Fast'') and irregularly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palpitation' in WordNet: 1. palpitation - (a rapid and irregular heart beat)`
Super-classes	Arrhythmia^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast^c

Pampered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pampered

Description

''Pampered'' is the attribute of some Animal (usually a Person, often a Child) that has experienced a ''Pampering'' Action.

       This would be the attribute of a 'spoiled brat'.

       No WN sense for 'pampered' as an adjective.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Pampering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pampering`
Description	''Pampering''is a type of 'TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay'in which the treatment is gentle and indulgent and is intended to satisfy a desire of the animal treated (usually a Person). `For the Action in which a Person 'treats' him/herself in a similar way, use the intransitive ''IndulgingaDesire'' CYC: This is the collection of behaviors in which something is treated in an exaggerated version of the way one treats babies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'babying' in WordNet: 1. pamper, featherbed, cosset, cocker, baby, coddle, mollycoddle, spoil, indulge - (treat with excessive indulgence; 'grandparents often pamper the children'; 'Let's not mollycoddle our students!')`
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c SatisfyingaDesire^c TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gentle^c

Pan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pan`
Description	A shallow metal OpenTopContainer; the height is less than 1/2 the width. A Pan may have a top (as in some frying pans), but the top is not essential to its being a Pan. A Pan does not have to have a handle. NOTE that this includes 'pans' used for panning (for gold etc). `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'pan' in WordNet: 1. (11) pan, cooking pan - (cooking utensil consisting of a wide metal vessel) 3. pan - (shallow container made of metal)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c OpenTopContainer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wide^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some MetalType^c
Sub-classes	DishPan^c Saucepan^c FryingPan^c

Pancake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pancake`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pancake' in WordNet: 1. pancake, battercake, flannel cake, flannel-cake, flapcake, flapjack, griddlecake, hotcake, hot cake - (a flat cake of thin batter fried on both sides on a griddle)`
Super-classes	Cake^c CourseOfAMeal^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Flour^c
Sub-classes	Tortilla^c

Pancreas^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pancreas

Description

CYC: The collection of all pancreatic #$Organs. Each instance of this collection is a unique #$Gland of a body attached to the #$Duodenum which is situated behind the #$Stomach beside the #$Spleen and produces #$InsulinTheSecretion, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic 'juice' essential for digestion of #$Proteins. The #$CommonBileDuct passes through the #$Pancreas, where it normally joins with the pancreatic duct before the combined duct empties into the #$Duodenum.

        SUMO: A large Gland that secretes Insulin and other 
         substances.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pancreas' in Wordnet:
           1. pancreas - (a large elongated exocrine gland located
             behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin)

Super-classes Gland^c

Panda^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panda`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panda' in WordNet: 1. giant panda, panda, panda bear, coon bear, Ailuropoda melanoleuca - (large black-and-white herbivorous mammal of bamboo forests of China and Tibet; in some classifications considered a member of the bear family or of a separate family Ailuropodidae)`
Super-classes	Procyonid^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value BambooShoot^c

Pandemic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pandemic

Description

'Pandemic'' is an attribute of a 'ContagiousDisease'' that has spread worldwide and is viewed as a ''PandemicDisease''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pandemic' in Wordnet:
           1. pandemic - (epidemic over a wide geographical area; 'a pandemic outbreak of malaria')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PandemicDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PandemicDisease`
Description	A 'PandemicDisease'' is an ''Epidemic'' that is widespread in multiple countries, uusally worldwide. `1. pandemic - (an epidemic that is geographically widespread; occurring throughout a region or even throughout the world)`
Super-classes	Epidemic^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value International^c

Pandemonium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pandemonium

Description

''Pandemonium'' is an intense level of ''DisorderlyActivity''.

    the term 'bedlam' originated as a description of the internal state of 
      an insane asylum of that name.

     Includes noun senses 2, and 4 of 'chaos' in WordNet:
       1. (12) chaos, pandemonium, bedlam, topsy-turvydom, topsy-turvyness -
           (a state of extreme confusion and disorder)

Super-classes DisorderlyActivity^c

Panegyric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panegyric`
Description	A ''Panegyric'' is a formal ''PraiseText'' usually written for or spoken at some special occasion. `NOTE: the 'eulogy' for someone who has died is represented as a ''Eulogy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panegyric' in WordNet: 1. encomium, eulogy, panegyric, paean, pean - (a formal expression of praise)`
Super-classes	PraiseText^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c

Panel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panel`
Description	A solid Stiff FreeSheet that is an ArtifactObject; usually of metal, wood orsome composite suitable for providing some spport as a part of other ArtifactObjects. Not necesarily on the surface, but often is as a panel for decorating a wall. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panel' in WordNet: 1. (1) panel - (sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat) section or component of something)`
Super-classes	Board^c FreeSheet^c ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c ConstructionObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Paneling^c BedFootboard^c

Paneling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paneling`
Description	A piece of ''Paneling'' is a ''Panel'' of the type used as a structural component object in buildings. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paneling' in WordNet: 1. (3) paneling, panelling, pane - (a panel or section of panels in a wall or door)`
Super-classes	Panel^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Building^c

Panelist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panelist`
Description	A ''Panelist'' is a ''HumanAdult'' who is a member of a ''PanelistGroup''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panelist' in WordNet: 1. panelist, panellist - (a member of a panel)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value PanelistGroup^c

PanelistGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PanelistGroup`
Description	Each ''PanelistGroup'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that are gathered together or organized (for multiple gatherings) to perform some joint activity that involves judging or discussion. Not all members of a ''PanelistGroup'' may be present at every meeting. `This is the broad sense of Panel and does not necessarily involve ''Judging'', so the parent type of the Panelists is only a ''HumanAdult'' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'panel' in WordNet: 4. panel - (a group of people gathered for a special purpose as to plan or discuss an issue or judge a contest etc)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c LocalGroup^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op min 2 characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some GroupThoughtType^c
Sub-classes	JuryPanel^c

Pang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pang`
Description	This ''Pang'' is a Pain that that is intense but brief. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pang' in WordNet: 3. pang - (a sharp spasm of pain)`
Super-classes	SharpPain^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c

Panic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panic`
Description	COSMO NOTE: ''Terror'' is conflated with 'panic' in WN,but the two are separated in COSMO. ''panic' is sudden and addresses a more immediate threat and creates a greater impulse to flee or take evasive action. Terror can paralyse. A mild form of ''Terror'' may be generated by reading news or watching horror movies,but 'Panic'' doesn't arise that way. `CYC: Overmastering and unreasoning, often groundless, fear or fright Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panic' in WordNet: 1. (7) panic, terror, affright - (an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety)`
Super-classes	Fear^c Distress^c Nervousness^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c

Panning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panning`
Description	This is the collection of events in which small pieces of gold or other metals are separated from sand and pebbles by agitating the mixture in water contained in a pan-shaped object. `The 'washing' Action used is distinctive, and needs its own detaileddescription. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'pan' in WordNet: 2. (1) pan, pan out, pan off - (wash dirt in a pan to separate out the precious minerals)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Extracting^c SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Soil^c usesDeviceType^op value Pan^c produces^op value Ore^c

Panorama^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panorama

Description

A 'Panorama' is a ''Scenery'' (a subtype of ''View''), in which objects at long distances (more than a mile) can be seen, over a wide angle of view - greater than 75 angular degrees; this implies that there are no nearby obstructions that block the ability to view over a wide angle, and this requirement may restrict this perspective of an Event to only a subset of possible Views. Since the panorama is considered from one vantage point, the visual properties selected by this type are the ones that can be seen from that vantage point.

    RHW: 'an unobstructed and wide view of an extensive area in all directions.'

    NOTE that in WordNet a 'panorama' is a visual perception, whereas in
    in COSMO it is a situation which is the visual part of the physical situation.
    These are different concepts, but the Wordnet tagging of text probably includes
    this concept..

    @TODo: a 'wide angle of view' may be a separate concept worth representing.
       Very different from the narrow angle of a telescope.

   in WordNet:
      1. view, aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama - (the visual percept of a region;
      'the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views')

Super-classes Scenery^c

Pansy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pansy`
Description	A ''Pansy'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''PansyPlant''. No sense of 'pansy' in Wordnet for the flower alone.
Super-classes	CutFlower^c
Restrictions	isTheFlowerOfa^op value PansyPlant^c

PansyPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PansyPlant

Description

A ''PansyPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'pansy', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Pansy'' in COSMO.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pansy' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) violet - (any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers)

Super-classes FloweringPlant^c

PantLeg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PantLeg`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pant leg' in WordNet: 1. (2) pant leg, trouser leg - (the leg of a pair of trousers)`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c SomethingToWearPart^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value HumanLeg^c

Pantaloons^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pantaloons`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pantaloon' in WordNet: 3. pantaloon - (trousers worn in former times)`
Super-classes	Trousers^c

Panther^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panther

Description

CentralAmerican leopard-like feline.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panther' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) jaguar, panther, Panthera onca, Felis onca - (a large spotted feline 
             of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications
             considered a member of the genus Felis)

Super-classes BigCat^c

Panties^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Panties`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pantie' in WordNet: 1. pantie, panty, scanty, step-in - (short underpants for women or children (usually used in the plural))`
Super-classes	Lingerie^c Underpants^c

Pantry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pantry`
Description	A ''StorageRoom'' intended to contain food without refrigeration.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pantry' in WordNet: 1. (1) pantry, larder, buttery - (a small storeroom for storing foods or wines)`
Super-classes	StorageRoom^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value FoodObject^c

Pants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pants`
Description	$Pants is a specialization of #$Clothing-Bottom. Each instance of #$Pants is a clothing item worn on the lower torso and legs. Notable specializations of #$Pants include #$ShortPants and #$LongPants. NOTE that this 'Pants' includes short pants that only cover the hip, so a 'pants' does not necessarily cover the leg. This allow 'pants' as underwear to be included - perhaps as a subtype. The longer pants are represented by 'Trousers'. COSMO note: the notion of 'covering each leg separately' in the Wordnet definition is interpreted as meaning that the garment covers the legs closely, as in men's pants, and this excludes the culottes that women wear, which resemble skirts. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pant' in WordNet: 1. (3) trouser, pant - ((usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately; 'he had a sharp crease in his trousers')
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c Clothing-Bottom^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value HumanHip^c
Sub-classes	Shorts^c Leggings^c LongPants^c Trousers^c

PantsFallingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PantsFallingDown`
Description	A ''PantsFallingDown'' is an Event in which a pair of pants (long or short) fallsoff the waist of a peron wearing it - for any reason, intentionally or unintentionally..
Super-classes	FallingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Pants^c

PantsSuit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PantsSuit

Description

Every instance of the collection #$PantsSuit is an instance of #$ClothingOutfit and is thus a group of coordinated items intended to be worn together.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pants suit' in WordNet:
          1. pants suit - (a slack suit for women)

Super-classes WomensSuit^c

Pantyhose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pantyhose`
Description	CYC: The collection of all PantyHose. `One piece covers both legs. Unlike ''Leotards'' this is usually worn under other clothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pantyhose ' in WordNet: 1. pantyhose - (a woman's tights consisting of underpants and stockings)`
Super-classes	WomensHosiery^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value BothLegs^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Underpants^c

Pap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pap`
Description	''Pap'' is a form of ''Drivel'' that is ''Worthless'' because it is oversimplified. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pap' in WordNet: 1. (1) pap, pablum - (worthless or oversimplified ideas)`
Super-classes	Drivel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Oversimplified^c

Papal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Papal

Description

''Papal'' is the ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the Catholic ''Pope'' and the attributes and powers and actions of the ''Pope''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'papal' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) papal, apostolic, apostolical, pontifical -
             (proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope 
             or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles; 
             'papal dispensation')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Paper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paper`
Description	COSMO: a sheetlike Substance.consisting mostly of cellulose (from wood fiber, cotton, or linen). NOTE: paper is created in sheetlike forms, but shredded paper is still paper, as long as it is still perceptibly sheetlike. If not perceptibly sheetlike, it is no longer 'Paper'. 'Paper' will not be restricted to the larger writing-quality sheets only. Paper thick enough and stiff enough to qualify as a 'Card' is still 'paper' (though a plastic card is not). For the substance which is sheet-like paper usable for writing, use 'PaperSheeting'. Plastic or other sheetlike materials not mainly created from cellulose are not 'Paper' in this sense. paper currency does consist of 'Paper'. `Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleArtifact. Each instance of #$Paper is a portion of paper, considered as a 'stuff' out of which things can be made. Specializations of #$Paper include #$Cardboard, #$SheetOfPaper, and #$Bill-Currency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper' in WordNet: 1. (31) paper - (a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c SheetlikeSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fibrous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foldable^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Cellulose^c
Sub-classes	PaperSheeting^c CrepePaper^c BlottingPaper^c TissuePaper^c Cardboard^c

Paper-IBO^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paper-IBO`
Description	A specialization of #$InformationBearingObject. Each instance of this collection is an artifact in the form of one or more sheets of #$Paper, containing markings (see #$VisualMark) that may be interpreted as encoding information. #$Paper-IBOs are often textual (i.e instances of #$TextualMaterial) but not always (c.f. #$MapCopy, for instance). When they consist of more than one sheet of paper, these are often bound together, as in a #$BookCopy or #$MagazineCopy. `COSMO note: in COSMO this category is interpreted as containing all objects that are created predominantly to contain symbolic material written on paper, even if, as in some books, parts of the object are not actually paper.`
Super-classes	PortableObject^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Paper^c
Sub-classes	Excerpt^c Photocopy^c OriginalScript^c CheckForm^c Ticket^c Sticker-Adhesive^c CurrencyBill^c Tag^c PeriodicalCopy^c Book-Physical^c Check-TenderObject^c

PaperBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperBag`
Description	CYC: The collection of bags made of paper. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper bag' in WordNet: 1. (1) sack, poke, paper bag, carrier bag - (a bag made of paper or plastic for holding customer's purchases)`
Super-classes	PaperObject^c Bag^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Paper^c

PaperBallot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperBallot`
Description	A ''PaperBallot'' is a ''Questionnaire'' that has blank spaces (which are usually boxes to be checked) that are filled to indicate a preference for a candidate or public question in a voting procedure, most commonly an ''Election''. `This does not include electronic voting unless a 'paper trail' is created as a result of the machine action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballot' in WordNet: 1. (3) ballot - (a document listing the alternatives that is used in voting)`
Super-classes	Questionnaire^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Election^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Election^c

PaperClip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperClip`
Description	A small metal wire bent into a planar shape such that the edge of a stack of papers can be inserted between sections of the clip and the tension of the sections holds the clip to the papers and holds the papers together. Paper clips come in several shapes, such as oval and oblong. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper clip' in Wordnet: 1. paper clip, paperclip, gem clip - (a wire or plastic clip for holding sheets of paper together; 'the paper clip was invented in 1900')`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Clip^c Wire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c

PaperDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperDocument`
Description	A ''PaperDocument'' is a ''Document-Physical'' consisting of one or more ''SheetOfWritingPaper''s which may be unbound or bound with a soft cover, but not having a hard cover,in which case it would be a book.
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value SheetOfWritingPaper^c

PaperFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperFile`
Description	A ''PaperFile'' is a ''ContainerAndContents'' consisting of a ''FileFolder''' that contains some''PaperDocument''s. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'file' in WordNet: 1. (17) file, data file - (a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together)`
Super-classes	ContainerAndContents^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value PaperDocument^c hasContainer^op value FileFolder^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value DataFile^c

PaperHanky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperHanky`
Description	A thin sheet of TissuePaper, about one fooot square, that is usually sold in boxes of 100 to 250 sheets, used mostly for wiping moisture from the face, nose, or other parts of the body. Used as a substitute for a 'Handkerchief' when formality is not important. `This sense doesn't appear in Wordnet. The closest LDOCE is 'handkerchief'. WN has 'facial tissue' as a type of 'paper', but it probably was intended as a piece of tisue, as this type represents: in WordNet: 1. facial tissue - (tissue paper suitable for use on the face)`
Super-classes	PieceOfTissuePaper^c SheetOfPaper^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value TissuePaper^c

PaperNapkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperNapkin`
Description	A ''Napkin'' made of ''Paper''.
Super-classes	SheetOfPaper^c Napkin^c

PaperObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperObject`
Description	A specialization of #$SolidTangibleArtifact. Each instance of #$Paper is a portion of paper, considered as a 'stuff' out of which things can be made. Specializations of #$Paper include #$Cardboard, #$SheetOfPaper, and #$Bill-Currency.
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c SolidObject^c OpaqueObject^c FibrousObject^c OrganicMaterialObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Paper^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foldable^c
Sub-classes	PieceOfTissuePaper^c Blueprint^c PaperBag^c SheetOfPaper^c

PaperSheeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperSheeting`
Description	The Substance 'Paper' in a sheet-like form..
Super-classes	Paper^c SheetlikeSubstance^c

PaperTowel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperTowel`
Description	A Towel made of paper. NOTE that this can be used ato represent one of a roll of sheets of ''AbsorbentPaper'' in a ''RollOfStuff', separable by tearing along the perforations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper towel' in Wordnet: 1. paper towel - (a disposable towel made of absorbent paper)`
Super-classes	SheetOfPaper^c Towel^c DisposableProduct^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value AbsorbentPaper^c

PaperWeight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperWeight

Description

CYC: The collection of paper weights.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paperweight' in WordNet:
        1. paperweight - (a weight used to hold down a stack of papers)

Super-classes NonPoweredDevice^c
WeightDevice^c

PaperbackBook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaperbackBook`
Description	A ''PaperbackBook'' is a 'Book-Physical'' with a soft, flexible binding usually made of Paper of a 'weight' greater than that of the pages of the book (i.e. stiffer than writing paper). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paperback' in WordNet: 1. (1) paperback book, paper-back book, paperback, softback book, softback, soft-cover book, soft-cover - (a book with paper covers)`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute^op value Hardbound^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Paperbacked^c doesNotHavePart^op value HardCover^c

Paperbacked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paperbacked

Description

''Paperbacked'' is the attribute of a ''PaperbackBook'' with a 'flexible' binding .

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paperback' in Wordnet:
         1. paperback, paperbacked - ((of books) having a flexible binding)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Paperwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paperwork`
Description	''Paperwork'' is a ''WorkingEvent'', paid or unpaid, that involves handling documents with text or images in some form, especially paper documents including opening an envelope (as one delivered in the mail). Whether paper or projected on some screen, ''Paperwork'' requires some amount of ''Reading'' as a subEvent, but merely reading something for information or pleasure and not doing something purposeful to the material - 'moving' it in a physical or abstract sense - is not an example..This type of 'moving' should be represented as a subEvent, but that type is itself not represented. @ToDo. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paperwork' in WordNet: 1. (1) paperwork - (work that involves handling papers: forms or letters or reports etc.)`
Super-classes	HandlingAnObject^c WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Reading^c hadObjectHandled^op some (AbstractText^c or Document-Physical^c or AbstractDocument^c or DocumentType^c or DigitalInformationBearingObject^c)
Sub-classes	FilingaDocument^c Writing^c

Par^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Par`
Description	''Par'' is a ''RelativeState'' in which the subject of the state has a value of some (specified) attribute that is normal or average for some comparison group (which could be a single object or Person) , or expected or (for golf) some standard which agents attempt to reach. The 'par value' for bonds or other equities would be a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'par' in WordNet: 2. (1) equality, equivalence, equation, par - (a state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced; 'on a par with the best')`
Super-classes	RelativeState^c
Sub-classes	GolfHolePar^c

Parachute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parachute`
Description	CYC: The collection of parachutes. I.e., those large, roundish sheets of fabric which are attached by cords to a harness worn on the back by persons jumping from airplanes or helicopters. Parachutes can also be used for transporting inanimate objects from the air to the ground. `NOTE: the ''Ripcord'' relation may rule out the 'parachiutes' used in parasailing.?? Air-to ground transport of emergency supplies or weapons as large as jeep vehicles can be accomplished by dropping them with a parachute, though some may be lost or damaged in the process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parachute' in WordNet: 1. (2) parachute, chute - (rescue equipment consisting of a device that fills with air and retards your fall)`
Super-classes	FabricObject^c AirTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Ripcord^c

Parachuting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parachuting`
Description	''BailingOutOfAnAirplane'' is the act of jumping out of an Airplane while it is in the air and using a parachute to land on the ground safely. This can be used for escaping an airplane that has lost ability to fly, or for sport, or in a military operation. `NOTE: this includes parachuting from stationary objects such as a tall building or a cliff, and includes 'parasailing' (not yet represented). . Includes but is broader than (not just from airplanes) verb sense 1 of 'parachute' in WordNet: 1. chute, parachute, jump - (jump from an airplane and descend with a parachute)`
Super-classes	JumpingDown^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Plummeting^c hasSubEvent^op some DeployingaParachute^c
Sub-classes	BailingOutOfAnAirplane^c

ParadeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParadeEvent`
Description	A 'ParadeEvent'' is a ''SocialGathering'' in which two or more participants walk or ride over some land route in anticipation of being seen by spectators. The size, purpose, and location of a ''Parade'' can be from very small to very large. This type includes parades having only vehicles moving (as in a parade of classic cars); the WordNet definition seems to be restricted to events where people march. For a procession in the air or over water, use ''Procession''. The participants may or may not perform certain actions during a parade, such as carrying banners, playing music, twirling batons, waving to the crowds . or they may simply march. A 'marching band' will typically march as participants in a ''Parade''. An alternative representation might use a Group specifying the actions and the living participants doing the parading. The parent ''ProcessionEvent'' specifies the active participants as a Group called a ''Procession''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parade' in Wordnet: 1. (3) parade - (a ceremonial procession including people marching)
Super-classes	TraversingaRoute^c ProcessionEvent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some RouteOverGround^c

ParadeRoute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParadeRoute`
Description	A ''ParadeRoute''is a ''RouteOverGround'' traversed by a ''ParadeEvent''.
Super-classes	RouteOverGround^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value ParadeEvent^c isLocatedAt^op value Ground^c

Paradox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paradox`
Description	A ''Paradox'' is an ''Assertion'' that is a ''Contradiction''. This is usually in normal linguistic form, and contains more than one Assertion, but could be a Group of ''LogicallyContradictory'' statements in logical form.. The term 'paradox' is commonly used for linguistic statements that contain two contradictory statements. Similar to the WN example, a well-kwon example is the 'liar statement': 'This statement is false.' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paradox' in WordNet: 1. (3) paradox - ((logic) a statement that contradicts itself; " 'I always lie' is a paradox because if it is true it must be false ")`
Super-classes	Contradiction^c Assertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LogicallyContradictory^c

Paradoxical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paradoxical

Description

''Paradoxical'' is a term used commonly for things that seem to be contradictory, but are both in fact true, as well as thins that are truly contradictory and cannot both be true..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paradoxical' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) paradoxical, self-contradictory - (seemingly contradictory but 
            nonetheless possibly true; 'it is paradoxical that standing is more tiring than walking')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Paradoxically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paradoxically`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paradoxically' in Wordnet: 1. (5) paradoxically - (in a paradoxical manner; 'paradoxically, ice ages seem to occur when the sun gets hotter')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Paragraph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paragraph`
Description	A ''Paragraph'' is usually identified as part of a written text, where it has a specific format, with indentation at the start and a line break at the end. It may be referenced (metaphorically?) to Speaking, where one can say approvnigly of a speaker that 'she speaks in complete sentences and paragaphs'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paragraph' in WordNet: 1. (5) paragraph - (one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line)`
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Sentence^c

Parakeet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parakeet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parakeet' in WordNet: 1. (1) parakeet, parrakeet, parroket, paraquet, paroquet, parroquet - (any of numerous small slender long-tailed parrots)`
Super-classes	Parrot^c
Sub-classes	Budgerigar^c

Parallel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parallel

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'parallel' in Wordnet:
          1. (10) parallel - (being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting;
             'parallel lines never converge'; 'concentric circles are parallel'; 
             'dancers in two parallel rows')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Parallelepiped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parallelepiped`
Description	A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Polyhedron. Each instance of #$Parallelepiped is a three-dimensional object each of whose six faces is a #$Parallelogram. Examples include spatially-localized as well as abstract parallelipipeds. An important specialization of this collection is #$RectangularParallelepiped. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'parallelepiped' in WordNet: 1. parallelepiped, parallelopiped, parallelepipedon, parallelopipedon - (a prism whose bases are parallelograms)`
Super-classes	Polyhedron^c Prism^c
Sub-classes	RectangularParallelepiped^c

Parallelogram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parallelogram`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Quadrilateral (q.v.). This is the collection of all four-sided polygons such that each side is parallel to the opposite side. Specializations of of #$Parallelogram include #$Rectangle and #$Rhombus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parallelogram' in Wordnet: 1. parallelogram - (a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are both parallel and equal in length)`
Super-classes	Quadrilateral^c
Sub-classes	DiamondShape^c Rhomboid^c Rectangle^c Rhombus^c

Paralysis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paralysis`
Description	A ''Paralysis'' is a ''BodyPartDysfunction'' that hinders or prevents the voluntary movement of some BodyPart. `CYC 'Paralysis-Generic': The collection of conditions in which one loses the ability to move, have motor control over, and/or have sensation in some part of the body. Typically one should introduce or use a specialization of this collection to specify the extent of the paralysis, i.e., the body parts affected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paralysis' in WordNet: 1. paralysis, palsy - (loss of the ability to move a body part)`
Super-classes	BodyPartDysfunction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op only VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Sub-classes	Paraplegia^c

Paralyzing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paralyzing`
Description	''Paralyzing'' is a type of ''Inactivating'' applying to an ''Organism'' in which one of more of the ''Organism'''s functions (mostly applied to the ability to move, especally one or more limbs) becomes so weak as to be unable to perform with normal effect. The 'direct object' in the restriction should be made This is a subtype of ''Immobilizing'' but should be broader to represent functions other than mobility, such as functions of internal organs. @ToDo. The attribute ''Immobile'' when applied to organ functions would have to be interpeted as being unable to perform its normal function. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'paralyze' in WordNet: 2. (1) paralyze, paralyse - (cause to be paralyzed and immobile; 'The poison paralyzed him'; 'Fear paralyzed her')
Super-classes	Immobilizing^c Inactivating^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Inactive^c hasDirectObject^op value OrganicObject^c

ParalyzingAnOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParalyzingAnOperation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun verb 1 of 'paralyze' in WordNet: 1. (1) paralyze, paralyse - (make powerless and unable to function; 'The bureaucracy paralyzes the entire operation')`
Super-classes	Inactivating^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some (Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Event-Organized^c or ActionType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Inactive^c

Paramedic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paramedic`
Description	A ''Paramedic'' may be a professional but may also be a volunteer, as in an 'emergency squad' or 'first aid squad'. `RHW 'paramedic': a person who is trained to assist a physician or to give first aid or other health care in the absence of a physician, often as part of a police, rescue, or firefighting squad. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paramedic' in WordNet: 1. paramedic, paramedical - (a person trained to assist medical professionals and to give emergency medical treatment)`
Super-classes	FirstResponder^c EmergencyWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value EmergencyMedicalTreatment^c

Parameter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parameter`
Description	Specific to mathematical caluations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parameter' in WordNet: 1. (5) parameter, parametric quantity - (a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves)`
Super-classes	ConstantMathematicalQuantity^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Equation^c

ParamilitaryOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParamilitaryOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$MilitaryOrganization. Each instance of #$ParamilitaryOrganization is an organization formed according to a military structure, but not as a part of any mainstream military force. Instances of #$ParamilitaryOrganization sometimes operate as auxiliaries to or in place of mainstream military forces (e.g., as border patrols or police units), but generally they operate independently of any government or national allegiance, often with loyalty to some political program or party. An example instance of #$ParamilitaryOrganization is the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the Protestant militant group operating in Northern Ireland. SUMO: An Organization which is much like a MilitaryOrganization, e.g. it is made up of armed fighters, except that it is not associated with a Government. WN adjective 'paramilitary': 1. paramilitary - (of or relating to a group of civilians organized to function like (or in aid of) a military unit) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paramilitary' in Wordnet: 1. paramilitary, paramilitary force, paramilitary unit, paramilitary organization, paramilitary organisation - (a group of civilians organized in a military fashion (especially to operate in place of or to assist regular army troops))
Super-classes	MilitaryOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Militia^c TalibanMilitia^c

Paramount^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paramount

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paramount' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) overriding, paramount, predominant, predominate, preponderant, preponderating -
                (having superior power and influence; "the predominant mood 
                 among policy-makers is optimism")

Super-classes Significant^c

Paranoia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paranoia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paranoia' in WordNet: 1. paranoia - (a psychological disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur)`
Super-classes	Psychosis^c

Paranoid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paranoid`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paranoid' in WordNet: 1. (2) paranoid - (suffering from paranoia)`
Super-classes	Psychotic^c

ParanoidPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParanoidPerson`
Description	A ''ParanoidPerson'' is a ''PsychoticPerson'' who is ''Paranoid''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paranoid' in WordNet: 1. paranoid, paranoiac - (a person afflicted with paranoia)`
Super-classes	PsychoticPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Paranoia^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Paranoid^c isTheSubjectOfState^op some Paranoia^c

ParanormalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParanormalEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events that cannot be explained by scientific means. `NOTE: this differs from parent ''SupernaturalPhenomenon'' only in that it is usually used for Actions of people who claim to have 'paranormal' powers. For acts of God, ''Miracle'' can be used, and for other phenomena that clearly violate established laws of physics, the parent ''SupernaturalPhenomenon'' should be used.`
Super-classes	SupernaturalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mystical^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	MagicAction^c Prophecy^c ESP^c

Paraphilia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paraphilia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paraphilia' in WordNet: 1. paraphilia - (abnormal sexual activity)`
Super-classes	SexualPerversion^c
Sub-classes	Bestiality^c Voyeurism^c Fetishism^c

Paraplegia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paraplegia`
Description	''Paraplegia'' is a ''Paralysis'' of the part of the body below the waist.. `CYC: The collection of instances of the condition in which the lower half of one's body is paralyzed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paraplegia' in WordNet: 1. paraplegia - (paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma))`
Super-classes	Paralysis^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value LowerBody^c

Paraplegic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paraplegic

Description

CYC: the attribute of being paralyzed in the lower half of one's body.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paraplegic' in Wordnet:
        1. paraplegic - (suffering complete paralysis of 
         the lower half of the body usually resulting from damage to the spinal cord)

Super-classes Sick^c

Parasite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parasite`
Description	CYC 'ParasiticOrganism': The collection of plants and animals which are considered parasites. Parasites gain benefit from their host organisms usually at the expense of the host. Certain vines may be parasitic to trees. Fleas, ticks, and lice are common animal parasites. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parasite' in WordNet: 1. (4) parasite - (an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host)`
Super-classes	Heterotroph^c Organism^c DependentLifeForm^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Harmful^c feedsOn^op value HostForParasite^c requiresResource^op value HostForParasite^c
Sub-classes	Staphylococcus^c Louse^c Mite^c Rickettsia^c Tick^c BloodFeedingArthropod^c Nematode^c Flea^c

Parasol^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parasol

Description

A smaller than average umbrella..

          RHW:  a lightweight umbrella used, esp. by women, as a sunshade.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parasol' in WordNet:
           1. parasol, sunshade - (a handheld collapsible source of shade)

Super-classes Umbrella^c

Parathion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parathion

Description

How toxic is 'toxic'? Can use distinctions.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parathion' in WordNet:
        1. parathion - (a colorless and odorless toxic oil used as an insecticide)

Super-classes Oil^c
Insecticide^c

Paratrooper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paratrooper`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paratrooper' in WordNet: 1. paratrooper, para - (a soldier in the paratroops)`
Super-classes	Soldier^c

Parched^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parched

Description

''Parched'' is an AttributeValue of organisms or LandAreas that have become excessively dry from exposure to sun and hot air.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'parched' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) adust, baked, parched, scorched, sunbaked - (dried out by heat or
              excessive exposure to sunlight; 'a vast desert all adust';
             'land lying baked in the heat'; 'parched soil'; 'the earth was scorched and bare'; 
             'sunbaked salt flats')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Parching^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parching

Description

''Parching'' is a type of ''DryingInTheSun'' iin which some Organism becomes drier than optimal, in some cases incurring damage, from exposure to the Sun and to dry air around it. This appllies to crops and to people, such as those who work in the sun eithout adequate water intake. 'my throat was parched from a hot afternoon trending crops.'

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'parch' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) parch, sear - (cause to wither or parch from exposure to heat;
             'The sun parched the earth')

Super-classes DryingInTheSun^c

Parchment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parchment`
Description	CYC: Thin animal hide used to write on `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parchment' in WordNet: 2. parchment, sheepskin, lambskin - (skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on)`
Super-classes	AnimalSkin^c WritingSurfaceProduct^c FreeSheet^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Sheep^c

Parent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parent`
Description	The Role of a Person who is the parent of another person. This includes all kinds of 'child' - biological, genetic, foster,adopted, etc. `Sense 1 of 'parent' in WordNet: 1. (35) parent - (a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasChild^op some ChildRole^c
Sub-classes	StepParent^c Grandparent^c

ParentOrGuardian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParentOrGuardian`
Description	A ''ParentOrGuardian'' is an Agent who has legal responsibility to guard a ''MinorChild'' and has the authority to direct the child's acivities. This could be a ''Parent'' (natural or adopted) or a foster parent or a 'guardian ad litem' appointed by a court. `NOTE: a ''Parent whose children have all reached legal age would be an instance of this type by virtue of parenthood, though they may guard children not their own.`
Super-classes	Provider^c Guardian^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GuardingaChild^c performsAction^op value RaisingChildren^c
Sub-classes	ChildGuardian^c

Parental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parental

Description

''Parental'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Parent'' or activities or responsility of Parents or some closely related or associated aspects.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'parental' in WordNet:
            2. parental, maternal, paternal - (relating to or characteristic of 
               or befitting a parent; "parental guidance")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Parenthesis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parenthesis

Description

'Parenthesis' (plural form) are used in pairs, left and right, to enclose a 'parenthetic' comment.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parenthesis' in WordNet:
        1. (1) parenthesis - (either of two punctuation marks (or) used to enclose textual material)

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

Parenthood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parenthood`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parenthood' in WordNet: 1. (2) parenthood, parentage - (the state of being a parent; 'to everyone's surprise, parenthood reformed the man')`
Super-classes	Adulthood^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Parent^c

Paring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paring`
Description	A ''Paring'' is a small ''Fragment'' of a solid object, produced intentionally - whether to obain the ''Paring'' or to modify the main object from which it is removed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paring' in WordNet: 1. paring, sliver, shaving - (a thin fragment or slice (especially of wood) that has been shaved from something)`
Super-classes	Fragment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c isProducedByEventType^op value ParingSomething^c

ParingKnife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParingKnife`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paring knife' in WordNet: 1. parer, paring knife - (a small sharp knife used in paring fruits or vegetables)`
Super-classes	Knife^c MedicalDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ParingSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sharp^c

ParingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParingSomething`
Description	''ParingSomething'' is to cut off thin segments of the surface of an object. `@ToDo: should have parent type 'ShavingaSurface' ?? Includes to verb senses 2 and 3 of 'pare' and sense 1 of 'trim' in WordNet: 2. whittle, pare - (cut small bits or pare shavings from; 'whittle a piece of wood') 3. skin, peel, pare - (strip the skin off; 'pare apples') WN verb 'trim': 1. (8) pare, trim - (remove the edges from and cut down to the desired size; 'pare one's fingernails'; 'trim the photograph'; 'trim lumber')`
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c produces^op value Paring^c
Sub-classes	ParingaFruitOrVegetable^c

ParingaFruitOrVegetable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParingaFruitOrVegetable`
Description	''ParingaFruitOrVegetable''' is a ''ParingSomething'' where the 'something' is a ''PlantCovering'' (peel, rind, skin) and the thing it is removed from is a fruit or vegetable (such as a banana). `This differs from ''PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable'' in that it requires a cutting device (e.g. a ''ParingKnife'' or potato peeler) , whereas ''PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable'' is performed by pulling, with the hand or other gripper. Corresponds to part (for cutting) of verb sense 3 of 'pare'in WordNet: 3. skin, peel, pare - (strip the skin off; 'pare apples')`
Super-classes	ParingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some FruitOrVegetableObject^c isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Peeler^c isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value ParingKnife^c produces^op value FruitParing^c removes^op some PlantCovering^c

Parish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parish`
Description	A ''Parish'' is a ''Community'' (a ''GroupOfPeople'') that attend a local church, and have common interests with respect to that church. This is a broad inclusive type that includes any local denomination that has a local minister,who often resides in a ''Parsonage'' provided by the Parish. `??analogous Jewish group?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parish' in WordNet: 1. (3) parish - (a local church community)`
Super-classes	Community^c ReligiousGroup^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some Church^c hasMember^op some Parishioner^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Local^c

ParishChurch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParishChurch`
Description	A ''ParishChurch'' is the ''ChurchBuilding'' that is used by the members of a ''Parish'' (a Group of people) for communal worship.
Super-classes	ChurchBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Parochial^c isUsedBy^op value Parish^c

ParishDistrict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParishDistrict`
Description	A ''ParishDistrict'' is the ''EcclesiasticalDistrict'' typically having one church and being administered by some 'pastor' . See also ''ParishOrganization'' for the Organization controlling the church properties of a ''Parish''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parish' in WordNet: 2. parish - (the local subdivision of a diocese committed to one pastor)`
Super-classes	EcclesiasticalDistrict^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Parochial^c isaPartOf^op value Diocese^c

ParishOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParishOrganization`
Description	A ''ParishOrganization'' is the ''Organization'' typically having one church and being administered by some 'pastor' . See also ''ParishDistrict'' for the geographical ''District'' in which the ''Parishioner''s of the ''Parish''.usually live. `? ''hasEmployee'' Pastor? Is the Pastor an employee of the Parish Or of the larger Church organization? does the Parish own the ''ParishChurch''? or the larger church Organization? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parish' in WordNet: 2. parish - (the local subdivision of a diocese committed to one pastor)`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Parochial^c owns^op value ParishChurch^c isaPartOf^op value Diocese^c hasEmployee^op value Pastor^c

Parishioner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parishioner`
Description	A ''Parishioner'' is a ''ReligiousPerson'' who is a member of a specific Parish - oosibly only nimally and not necessarily a churchgoer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parishioner' in WordNet: 1. (1) parishioner - (a member of a parish)`
Super-classes	ReligiousPerson^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some Parish^c

Parisian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parisian

Description

''Parisian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Paris_France'' or a ''ParisianPerson'', or of things that are located in or characteristic of Paris or its inhabitants

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Parisian' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) Parisian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Paris or its inhabitants; 
            'Parisian restaurants can be expensive')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ParisianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParisianPerson`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Parisian' in WordNet: 1. Parisian - (a native or resident of Paris)
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paris_France^c

Parity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parity`
Description	''Parity'' is an ''Equivalence'' of two things that have a comparable 'rank' or level of some attribute. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'parity' in WordNet: 5. parity - (functional equality)`
Super-classes	Equivalence^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Equal^c

Park^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Park`
Description	Any park (open public space), small or large, municipal or national. It must be mostly land area. This includes any open space, whether or not it contains much vegetation - 'TownSquare' is a subtype. This is the Group of ''PhysicalObject''s in a spatial region that has some natural objects (plants or animals or geological features). NOTE that as an 'Area' this is a ''PhysicalObject'' which should have a specified mass, but as that is indeterminate for such object, the mass for the entire category of parks is specified as unknown (i.e. -1). Called 'Park-Generic' in Cyc: Cyc: Land set aside for outdoor recreational use, typically managed by a government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'park' in WordNet: 1. (13) park, parkland - (a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property; 'there are laws that protect the wildlife in this park')
Super-classes	PublicProperty^c OutdoorRecreationArea^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c
Sub-classes	CityPark^c Zoo^c TownSquare^c NationalPark^c

Parka^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parka

Description

Short hip-length coats lined or padded , water-repellent with hoods.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parka' in WordNet:
          1. parka, windbreaker, windcheater, anorak -
            (a kind of heavy jacket ('windcheater' is a British term))

Super-classes Jacket^c
WinterCoat^c

Parked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parked

Description

''Parked'' is the attribute of a RoadVehicle that has been maneuvered into a safe space off (usually off the road) and stopped there.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'parked' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) parked - (that have been left; 'there were four parked cars across the street')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Parking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parking`
Description	''Parking'' is the activity of putting a vehicle into some parking space (which need not be marked off as a parking space,one can park on any surface). This is a subtype of ''SteeringaRoadVehicle'';but with the advent of autonomous cars the 'agent' doing the parking could be a computer. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'park' in WordNet: 2. (3) park - (maneuver a vehicle into a parking space; 'Park the car in front of the library'; 'Can you park right here?')`
Super-classes	SteeringaRoadVehicle^c StoppingaVehicle^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value ParkingSpace^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Parked^c

ParkingLot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParkingLot`
Description	A specialization of #$PathForWheeledVehicles, #$OpenArea, #$VehicleStorageConstruct, and #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject. Each instance of #$ParkingLot is a fairly large open area intended to be used for parking automobiles. `This can be inside a structure, as a parking garage in a city building. SUMO: A LandArea which has been levelled, paved, and marked off for parking Automobiles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parking lot' in WordNet: 1. (6) parking lot, car park, park, parking area - (a lot where cars are parked)`
Super-classes	VehicleStorageConstruct^c ParkingSpace^c PathForWheeledVehicles^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value Parking^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Parking^c

ParkingMeter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParkingMeter`
Description	A ''ParkingMeter'' is a ''SlotMachine'' used to reserve time at a parking space for parking a car, which as a timer mechanism to show the remaining time reserved. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parking meter' in WordNet: 1. parking meter - (a coin-operated timer located next to a parking space; depositing money into it entitles you to park your car there for a specified length of time)`
Super-classes	SlotMachine^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Parking^c typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value ParkingSpace^c

ParkingSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParkingSpace`
Description	Any space intended to be used for ''Parking'' of road vehicles, of an size. It only has to be accessible from a road and marked off in some way for Parking. This can be a space adjacent to the curb on the side of a street, or a space near a residence paved to allow cars to park, or the subtype ''ParkingLot'' which is for the use of multiple vehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parking space' in WordNet: 1. (1) parking space, parking zone - (a space where an automobile can be parked) WN noun 'parking': 1. (2) parking - (space in which vehicles can be parked; 'there is plenty of parking behind the store')
Super-classes	SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Restrictions	isConnectedTo^op value Roadway^c typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value Parking^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Accessible^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Parking^c
Sub-classes	ParkingLot^c

ParkingaRoadVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParkingaRoadVehicle`
Description	'ParkingaRoadVehicle' is the subtype of 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' in which the vehicle controlled is being 'parked' and comes to a rest in some parking spot. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'park' in WordNet: 2. (3) park - (maneuver a vehicle into a parking space; "Park the car in front of the library"; "Can you park right here?")`
Super-classes	DrivingaRoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some RoadVehicle^c

Parleying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parleying`
Description	''Parleying'' is a specialization of ''Negotiating'' performed by two or more enemies, whether individual people or Groups. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'parley' in WordNet: 1. parley - (discuss, as between enemies) WN noun 'parley': 1. parley - (a negotiation between enemies)`
Super-classes	Negotiating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value EnemyGroup^c

Parliament^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parliament

Description

The LegislativeOrganization that makes laws for a 'ParliamentaryGovernment'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parliament' in WordNet:
        1. (2) parliament - (a legislative assembly in certain countries)

Super-classes LegislativeOrganization^c

Parliamentary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parliamentary

Description

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'parliamentary' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) parliamentary - (relating to or having the nature of a parliament;
           'parliamentary reform'; 'a parliamentary body')
       2. (1) parliamentary - (having the supreme legislative power resting 
           with a body of cabinet ministers chosen from and responsible 
           to the legislature or parliament; 'parliamentary government')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ParliamentaryGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParliamentaryGovernment`
Description	A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntityBySystemOfGovernment. Each instance of #$ParliamentaryGovernment is a country in which a parliament has significant power (see #$Parliament). Parliamentary governments are multi-party systems in which the executive is formally dependent on the legislature.
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c

Parmesan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parmesan`
Description	`No adj sense of 'Parmesan' in WN.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ParmesanCheese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParmesanCheese`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Parmesan' in WordNet: 1. Parmesan - (hard dry sharp-flavored Italian cheese; often grated)`
Super-classes	Cheese^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value CowsMilk^c

Parochial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parochial

Description

This sense of ''Parochial'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Parish'' or a ''ParishOrganization'' or the Actions performed by the ''Parishioner''s or the properties owned or managed by the ''ParishOrganization''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'parochial' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) parochial - (relating to or supported by or located in a parish; 
            'parochial schools')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ParochialSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParochialSchool`
Description	A ''ParochialSchool'' is the ''School'' (organization) that manages the ''ParochialSchoolBuilding'' tht is used by the members of a ''Parish'' to educate the children of the ''Parish''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parochial school' in WordNet: 1. church school, parochial school - (a private religious school run by a church or parish)`
Super-classes	School^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value Parish^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Parochial^c

ParochialSchoolBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParochialSchoolBuilding`
Description	A ''ParochialSchoolBuilding'' is the ''SchoolBuilding'' managed by a ''ParochialSchool'' (organization) and used by the members of a ''Parish'' to educate the children of the ''Parish''.
Super-classes	SchoolBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Parochial^c isManagedBy^op value ParochialSchool^c

Parody^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parody

Description

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parody' in WordNet:
       1. (2) parody, lampoon, spoof, sendup, mockery, takeoff, burlesque, 
          travesty, charade, pasquinade, put-on - (a composition that imitates somebody's style 
          in a humorous way)

Super-classes Caricature^c

ParolingaPrisoner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParolingaPrisoner`
Description	''ParolingaPrisoner'' is a ''ReleasingaPrisoner'' by some ''GovernmentalAuthority'' under certain conditions. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'parole' in WordNet: 1. parole - (release a criminal from detention and place him on parole; 'The prisoner was paroled after serving 10 years in prison')`
Super-classes	ReleasingaPrisoner^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conditional^c isPerformedBy^op value GovernmentalAuthority^c

Parrot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parrot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parrot' in WordNet: 1. (1) parrot - (usually brightly colored zygodactyl tropical birds with short hooked beaks and the ability to mimic sounds)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	Cockatiel^c Cockatoo^c Macaw^c Parakeet^c

Parsley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parsley`
Description	''Parsley'' is the chopped leaves from a ''ParsleyPlant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parsley' in WordNet: 2. parsley - (aromatic herb with flat or crinkly leaves that are cut finely and used to garnish food)`
Super-classes	HerbSeasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value ParsleyPlant^c

ParsleyPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParsleyPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parsley' in WordNet: 1. parsley, Petroselinum crispum - (annual or perennial herb with aromatic leaves)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c

ParsnipPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParsnipPlant`
Description	An Individual Parsnip plant. `RHW: a plant, Pastinaca sativa, cultivated varieties of which have a large, whitish, edible root. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parsnip' in WordNet: 2. parsnip, Pastinaca sativa - (a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c Vegetable-Plant^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Celery-Foodstuff^c

ParsnipRoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParsnipRoot`
Description	The substance that makes up the root of the ''ParsnipPlant'', used as a food. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'parsnip' in WordNet: 3. parsnip - (whitish edible root; eaten cooked)`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c Vegetable-Food^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value ParsnipPlant^c

Parsonage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parsonage`
Description	A ''Parsonage'' is a ''OfficialResidence'' provided by some parish or local congregation or ReligiousOrganiation for the use of some ''Cleric'', such as a parish priest, vicar or rector. This includes the residential building for local ''Cleric''s of any religious affiliation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parsonage' in WordNet: 1. (1) parsonage, vicarage, rectory - (an official residence provided by a church for its parson or vicar or rector)`
Super-classes	Residence^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Parish^c isaHabitatOf^op value Cleric^c

Part^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Part`
Description	the type Part is not solely a relation in COSMO, as it is in some ontologies, but a Role category. Of course, there are 'part' relations such as 'isaPhysicalPartOf', but the Type 'Part' serves a separate though related purpose. Artifacts that are created with the purpose of serving as part of a larger artifact will fit under this category, as will parts of organisms that evolved to serve a function in the organism. This is the most general sense of 'part' (also see 'hasPart' and its subproperties). This includes senses 1,2,4, 7 and 9 of 'part' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'component' and noun sense 2 of 'unit' in WordNet: 1. (733) part, portion, component part, component - (something determined in relation to something that includes it; 'he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself'; 'I read a portion of the manuscript'; 'the smaller component is hard to reach') 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') 5. (109) part, section, division - (one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole; 'the written part of the exam'; 'the finance section of the company'; 'the BBC's engineering division') 7. (67) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') 9. (37) share, portion, part, percentage - (assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; 'he wanted his share in cash') WN 'share' 2. (152) share, portion, part, percentage - (assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; 'he wanted his share in cash') 3. (117) parcel, portion, share - (the allotment of some amount by dividing something; 'death gets more than its share of attention from theologians') WN 'component' 2. (10) part, portion, component part, component - (something determined in relation to something that includes it; 'he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself'; 'I read a portion of the manuscript'; 'the smaller component is hard to reach') WN noun 'unit': 2. (16) unit - (an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole; 'the reduced the number of units and installations'; 'the word is a basic linguistic unit')
Super-classes	AtemporalRole^c
Sub-classes	ObjectPart^c HandRail^c Foundation^c QuarterPart^c Interior^c Traces^c GenericComponent^c SupportingWheel^c MonorailRail^c DivisionOfAnObject^c SalientPart^c Peak^c SurfacePart^c FractionalPartOfSomething^c TextPart^c Exterior^c CenterPart^c AnalyticalSection^c Share^c RailroadRail^c Fulcrum^c MissingPart^c Unit^c Section^c Feature^c Southland^c

Part-WholeRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Part-WholeRelation`
Description	A ''Part-WholeRelation'' is any of various relatios between a 'Whole' and it ''Part''s. See 'hasPart' and all of the subRelations under that in the ObjectProperty hierarchy.
Super-classes	Relation^c

Part-time^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Part-time

Description

'Part-time'' is the attribute of a Person in a ''JobSituation'' when that Person works less than thirty hours per week, (or more or less depending on the legal definition for different legal purposes).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'part-time' in Wordnet:
      1. (21) part-time, parttime - (involving less than the standard 
          or customary time for an activity; 'part-time employees'; 'a part-time job')

Super-classes Employed^c

PartAsaRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartAsaRegion`
Description	Each 'PartAsaRegion' is a 'PhysicalPartOfObject' that is not a discrete and separable unit, but has somewhat arbitrary boundary(s). In an organism, for example, a kidney will be a discrete part, but a Chest would be a PartAsaRegion. An 'end' or 'middle' of any object is usually a PartAsaRegion. A 'Weld' is a part of an object that was joined by welding, but the Weld itself may have fuzzy boundaries..
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Sub-classes	Weld^c SolderConnection^c

PartCardinalityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartCardinalityValue`
Description	'PartCardinalityValue' is an AttributeValue that specifies the type and number of parts that a PhysicalObject or PhysicalObjectType has. This AttributeValue is used with the relation 'hasPartCardinality' to specify the number of parts of a particular type that an Object has. `NOTE that the cardinality restriction is inherited from the parent 'CardinalityValue'. This type adds a restriction requiring the ObjectType to be specified. Each value is an instance of 'TwoArgumentValue', an AttributeValue that takes the place of two arguments in an inherently ternary relation. The two arguments are the part type, specified by 'hasObjectType' and the number of those parts, specified by 'hasQuantifier', inherited from the parent class 'CardinalityValue'.`
Super-classes	TwoArgumentValue^c
Restrictions	hasObjectType^op some ObjectType^c
In range of	hasPartCardinality^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneNitrogenAtom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeArtifactLegs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoCarbonAtoms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeLayers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoShoulderStraps http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourOxygenAtoms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenTentacles http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixLegs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightTentacles http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeHydrogenAtoms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePhosphorusAtom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightLegs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoSiliconAtoms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoLegs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePieceOfFabric http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourLegs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoHorns http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeOxygenAtoms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoPoles http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCarbonAtom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoOxygenAtoms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourWheels http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoShells http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoSlicesOfbread http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoEyes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHydrogenAtom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoArms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOxygenAtom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoBlades

PartOfAnArtifactObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartOfAnArtifactObject`
Description	A ''PartOfAnArtifactObject'' is any ''ArtifactObject'' that is a PhysicalPart of a larger ''ArtifactObject''.
Super-classes	HumanScaleObject^c PartOfanArtifact^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	OpeningInAnArtifact^c

PartOfAnHSC^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartOfAnHSC`
Description	$PartOfAnHSC is a specialization of `#$ConstructionArtifact and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$PartOfAnHSC is a built-in part of some #$HumanShelterConstruction; that is, each instance is built with the intention of remaining a part of the construction. Notable specializations of #$PartOfAnHSC include #$FloorInAConstruction, #$PartOfBuilding, and #$WallOfAConstruction.`
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Sub-classes	PartOfBuilding^c Floor^c AutoFloorboard^c RoomPartition^c Wall^c Roof^c

PartOfAnImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartOfAnImage`
Description	A ''PartOfAnImage'' is a part of a ''GenericImage'' i.e. some part of an abstract or physical images.
Super-classes	GenericImage^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op only GenericImage^c
Sub-classes	BrightPartOfAnImage^c

PartOfBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartOfBuilding`
Description	A ''PartOfBuilding'' could include a whole Building as a subtype. `CYC #$PartOfBuilding is a specialization of #$PartOfAnHSC. Each instance of #$PartOfBuilding is a part of a building that is 'built-in', that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the building. Corresponds approximately to part (for indoor areas) of noun sense 4 of 'area' in WordNet: 4. (42) area - (a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; "the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants")`
Super-classes	PartOfAnHSC^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (Building^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	MedicalFacility^c Chimney^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c Room^c Frieze^c Elevator^c Porch^c Sill^c WindowShutter^c Nook^c StainedGlassWindow^c WindowScreen^c BuildingWindow^c PlumbingFixture^c PlumbingSystem-Building^c PartOfaResidence^c Restroom^c Storey^c RetreatNook^c StorageConstructInABuilding^c ExteriorWall^c AboveGroundLevel^c Skylight^c

PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartOfRoomInAConstruction`
Description	A specialization of #$PartOfBuilding. Each instance of #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction is a part of some room in a construction artifact (see the collection #$RoomInAConstruction). The collection #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction includes as instances both solid parts, such as instances of #$Mantel, as well as enclosed regions, such as those contained by cabinets and cupboards. Note that instances of #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction are required to be features which are 'built-in'; that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the room. An example is a 'Cupboard'.
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Structure^c isNormallyLocatedAt^op value Structure^c
Sub-classes	RoomRadiator^c RoomPartition^c Wall^c Mantel^c Toilet^c Hearth^c Sink^c Bathtub^c Balcony^c Urinal^c MedicineChest^c Cupboard^c ShowerFixture^c ElectricalHeater^c Fireplace^c Ceiling^c

PartOfaResidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartOfaResidence`
Description	A ''PartOfaResidence'' is a proper part of a ''ResidentialBuilding''.
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ResidentialBuilding^c
Sub-classes	LargeWindow^c

PartOfaShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartOfaShip`
Description	Each ''PartOfaShip'' is a ''PartOfanArtifact'', a physical part of some ''Ship'' (a large water-going vessel). The part may have arbitrary or vague boundaries (e.g. a ''ShipsStern''). For parts of ''Device''s that are separately manufactured and assembled into a whole, use 'EngineeringComponent'
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c Role^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Ship^c
Sub-classes	ShipsStern^c ShipsBow^c

PartOfanArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartOfanArtifact`
Description	Each 'PartOfanArtifact' is a 'PhysicalObject' that is a physical part of some 'ArtifactObject'. The part may have arbitrary or vague boundaries (e.g. 'the neck', 'the back'). For parts of artifacts that are separately manufactured and assembled into a whole, use 'EngineeringComponent' `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'part' in WordNet: 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together')`
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	ArtifactBase^c VehiclePart^c GearTooth^c Casing^c DisplayPanel^c PartOfaShip^c StructuralMember^c Handle^c NailShaft^c PivotDevice^c EdgeOnObject^c Coupler^c EngineeringComponent^c PartOfAnArtifactObject^c Bullet^c Wheel^c ArtifactStem^c GrippingJaw^c RatchetTooth^c PortalCovering^c Runner^c GrasperArm^c PostStuckInGround^c NailHead^c

PartType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartType`
Description	''PartType'' is a metatype used as a way to label concepts that play the Role of a ''Part'' of something..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c

Partial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partial`
Description	''Partial'' is a subtype of ''EmotionallyDisposed'' indicating a tendency in a Person to make judgments or perform actions motivated by ''Bias'' or partiality or partisanship. NOTE: the various related terms are difficult to differentiate logically, and are aggregated here until some clear distinctions can be recognized. One possible distinction is a 'prejudice' against certain classes of people. Which term is best to label that?? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'partial' and sense 1 of 'biased' in WordNet: 2. (1) partial, unfair - (showing favoritism) WN adj 'biased': 1. biased, colored, coloured, one-sided, slanted - (favoring one person or side over another; 'a biased account of the trial'; 'a decision that was partial to the defendant') WN adj 'prejudiced': 2. prejudiced, discriminatory - (being biased or having a belief or attitude formed beforehand; 'a prejudiced judge')
Super-classes	EmotionallyDisposed^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Partiality^c
Sub-classes	ShowingFavoritism^c Biased^c Bigoted^c Racistic^c

PartialRotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartialRotation`
Description	Any rotation which has a restricted starting and ending point. A partial rotation normally spans less than 360 degrees.
Super-classes	Rotation^c
Sub-classes	ReversingRotation^c

PartialValuedRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartialValuedRelation`
Description	A Relation is a PartialValuedRelation just in case it is not a TotalValuedRelation, i.e. just in case assigning values to every argument position except the last one does not necessarily mean that there is a value assignment for the last argument position. Note that, if a Relation is both a PartialValuedRelation and a SingleValuedRelation, then it is a partial function.
Super-classes	Relation^c

Partiality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partiality`
Description	''Partiality'' is an ''Attitude'' that predisposes or inclines a Person to favor some things (people, ''GroupOfpeople''s, ''Belief''s) over others . . This is an Attitude that contrasts with ''Impartiality''. `The WN term 'partisanship' (favoring one Group over another) is broken out as a subtype of this type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'partiality' and sense 3 of 'predisposition' in WordNet: 2. partiality, partisanship - (an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives) WN noun 'predisposition': 3. predisposition - (a disposition in advance to react in a particular way)`
Super-classes	Attitude^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Partial^c
Sub-classes	Bias^c Partisanship^c

Participant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Participant`
Description	A ''Participant'' is any ''IntentionalAgent'' that is ''GenericParticipant'', i.e. that acts in some capacity in an Action. This represents the grammatical role of 'agent' in an action. It could be an actor or patient of an action, or an instrument used in an action or something affected by the action. This does not include the time (when?) or location(where?) of an Event, or the cause or reason(why?) for performing it, or the manner (how?) it was done (except for mentioning the instrument). `Includes noun sense 1 and its subtype sense 2 of 'participant' and part of sense 2 of 'actor' in WordNet: 1. (1) participant - (someone who takes part in an activity) WN noun 'actor': 2. actor, doer, worker - (a person who acts and gets things done; 'he's a principal actor in this affair'; 'when you want something done get a doer'; 'he's a miracle worker')`
Super-classes	GenericParticipant^c IntentionalAgent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Participation^c isaParticipantIn^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Trainee^c Bride^c Newlywed^c Groom^c Player^c Actor^c Wife^c Attendee^c PartyInaCourtCase^c

Participating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Participating

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'participating' in Wordnet:
          1. active, participating - (taking part in an activity; 'an active member of the club';
            'he was politically active'; 'the participating organizations')

Super-classes Active^c

Participation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Participation`
Description	An action in which a cognitive agent is a participant in some Event. This sense overlaps with the relation 'hasParticipant' but is more specific in representing the action itself of a 'IntentionalAgent' who is a participant in an Event. dbdbdb add 'participant' - actor NOTE: @ToDo Rev 1303: if a relation is needed specifically to refer to **voluntary participating agents, see ''participatedInAction'' which has been commented out. Needed?? Includes noun sense 1 of 'participation' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'participate' in Wordnet: 1. (13) engagement, participation, involvement, involution - (the act of sharing in the activities of a group; 'the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities') WN verb 'participate': 1. (28) participate, take part - (share in something) 2. (1) enter, participate - (become a participant; be involved in; 'enter a race'; 'enter an agreement'; 'enter a drug treatment program'; 'enter negotiations')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Participant^c or IntentionalAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	GoingToSchool^c TakingaCourse^c AttendingaSocialEvent^c EngagingInAnActivity^c

Participatory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Participatory`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'participatory' in WordNet: 1. participatory - (affording the opportunity for individual participation; 'participatory democracy')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Participle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Participle`
Description	Each instance of this category is a verb in a participle form, either present or past. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'participle' in WordNet: 1. participle, participial - (a non-finite form of the verb; in English it is used adjectivally and to form compound tenses)`
Super-classes	Verb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_writing http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_written

Particle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Particle`
Description	COSMO note: this Cyc category is reinterpreted as a solid object (not necessarily inanimate) that is smaller than a 'TinyObject', i.e. has a diameter and a maximum length less than 1 mm, but large enough to be considered as a 'Solid'. A particle of dust would be an example. The smallest would be about the size of a virus; molecules and subatomic particles (see ''SubatomicParticle'') are not in this category. A typical Grain of sand or Grain of sugar are too large to qualify. For objects down to atom size, us 'MicroscopicScaleObject'. RHW 'mote': 'a small particle or speck, esp. of dust.' Cyc: A specialization of both #$PartiallyTangible and #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Particle is a smallish liquid or solid tangible thing, usually small enough to be blown about by ordinary gusts of wind, and possibly much smaller. Specializations of #$Particle include the collections #$CornMeal, #$SandParticle, #$Sawdust, #$DustParticle, and #$Sugar-Table. This is one of a series of categories for PhysicalObject of different size renages: For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particle' in Wordnet: 1. (87) atom, molecule, particle, corpuscle, mote, speck - ((nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything)
Super-classes	SolidObject^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op value TinyObject^c
Sub-classes	FineParticle^c

ParticleAccelerator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParticleAccelerator`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particle accelerator' in WordNet: 1. accelerator, particle accelerator, atom smasher - (a scientific instrument that increases the kinetic energy of charged particles)`
Super-classes	ScientificInstrument^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ParticlePhysics^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value NuclearPhysicist^c
Sub-classes	Cyclotron^c Synchrotron^c

ParticlePhysics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParticlePhysics`
Description	''ParticlePhysics'' is the science concerned with studying fundamental particles that make up the most basic parts of matter, such as subatomic particles. This includes theoretical and experimental branches. `RHW: the branch of physics that deals with the properties and behavior of elementary particles. Cf. high-energy physics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particle physics' in WordNet: 1. particle physics, high-energy physics, high energy physics - (the branch of physics that studies subatomic particles and their interactions)`
Super-classes	Physics^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value SubAtomicParticle^c isaTopicOfExpert^op value NuclearPhysicist^c

ParticleWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParticleWord`
Description	An umbrella Class for any Word that does not fit into the other subclasses of Word. A ParticleWord is generally a small term that serves a grammatical or logical function, e.g. 'and', 'of', 'since', etc. At some point, this class might be broken up into the subclasses 'Connective', 'Preposition', etc. Note that the class ParticleWord includes both personal and possessive pronouns, e.g. 'she', 'hers', 'it', 'its', etc.
Super-classes	GrammaticalStructure^c Word^c
Sub-classes	VerbSpecificParticle^c

Particular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Particular

Description

'Particular' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing modified is different from similar things associated with most entities of a type similar to the one having that particular thing. It is opposed to 'general', 'nonspecific' or 'common'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'particular', sense 1 of
        'special', and part of sense 1 of 'specific' (see also 'Specific') in WordNet:
        WN 'particular'
        1. (24) particular, peculiar, special - (unique or specific to a person
          or thing or category; 'the particular demands of the job'; 
          'has a particular preference for Chinese art';
          'a peculiar bond of sympathy between them'; 'an expression peculiar to Canadians'; 
          'rights peculiar to the rich'; 'the special features of a computer';
          'my own special chair')
        WN 'specific'
         1. (41) specific - ((sometimes followed by 'to') applying to or 
             characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique;
             'rules with specific application'; 'demands specific to the job';
             'a specific and detailed account of the accident')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ParticularFact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParticularFact`
Description	A ''ParticularFact'' is a ''Fact'' concerning some part of an Object or situation that is only one of several Facts that are true or are are asserted about the situation. This type is used mostly in the plural ''Particulars'' for a list of such Facts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particular' in WordNet: 1. (7) particular, specific - (a fact about some part (as opposed to general); 'he always reasons from the particular to the general')`
Super-classes	Fact^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Particulars^c
Sub-classes	Detail^c

Particularity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Particularity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particularity' in WordNet: 1. particularity, specialness - (the quality of being particular and pertaining to a specific case or instance; "the particularity of human situations")`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Particular^c
Sub-classes	Specificity^c

Particulars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Particulars`
Description	Each ''Particulars'' is a Group of ''ParticularFact''s about some Topic.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some ParticularFact^c

Particulate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Particulate

Description

''Particulate'' is an attribute value of objects and substances composed of ''FineParticles''

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'particulate' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) particulate - (composed of distinct particles)

Super-classes FinelyDivided^c

ParticulateMatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ParticulateMatter`
Description	A finely divided solid substance consisting of ''Particles'' that are or can be suspended in or settle out of a gas (e.g. the atmosphere) or a liquid. They are small enough to take significant time to settle from the air; in this way, they can be distinguished from a ''Powder'' in that a ''Powder'' like ''Snow'' has larger particles and settles fairly quickly. The composition can be of any solid substance. The particulates generated by burning ''Coal'' are one example. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particulate matter' in Wordnet: 1. particulate, particulate matter - (a small discrete mass of solid or liquid matter that remains individually dispersed in gas or liquid emissions (usually considered to be an atmospheric pollutant))`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Biosolids^c SuspendedMatter^c Dust^c

Parting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Parting`
Description	''Parting'' is a metaphorical subtype of 'SeparationEvent' applying to persons or Organizations (including Nations),and including separation by physical distance as well as separation of a relation. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'part' and verb senses 10 and 11 of 'separate' in WordNet: 1. (4) separate, part, split - (go one's own way; move apart; 'The friends separated after the party') 2. (1) separate, part, split up, split, break, break up - (discontinue an association or relation; go different ways; 'The business partners broke over a tax question'; 'The couple separated after 25 years of marriage'; 'My friend and I split up')`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op min 2
Sub-classes	Forsaking^c Seceding^c

PartingCompany^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartingCompany`
Description	''PartingCompany'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' where two or more People have gathered, and also communicating one's intentions and expressing good wishes to the other(s) present. This is for polite leave-taking, not for an abrupt departure with no communicationor gesturing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leave-taking' in WordNet: 1. farewell, leave, leave-taking, parting - (the act of departing politely; 'he disliked long farewells'; 'he took his leave'; 'parting is such sweet sorrow')`
Super-classes	WholeBodyMovement^c LeavingaPlace^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value FarewellPhrase^c mayCause^op value MakingaFarewellGesture^c

Partisan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partisan`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'partisan' in Wordnet: 1. partisan, partizan - (devoted to a cause or party)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

PartisanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartisanPerson`
Description	A ''PartisanPerson'' is a ''Proponent'' of some cause or belief - someone who not only believes something, but is willing to express that belief publicly and defend it against contrary views.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'partisan' in WordNet: 1. partisan, zealot, drumbeater - (a fervent and even militant proponent of something)`
Super-classes	Proponent^c
Sub-classes	Bigot^c

Partisanship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partisanship`
Description	''Partisanship'' is a ''Partiality'' that predisposes a Person to favor one ''GroupOfPeople'' over another. `Corresponds to part (favoring groups of people) of noun sense 1 of 'partisanship' in WordNet: 1. partiality, partisanship - (an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives)`
Super-classes	Partiality^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value PartisanPerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tendency^c

PartitionStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartitionStructure`
Description	A ''PartitionStructure'' is an Artifact that serves as a barrier between two ''SpatialRegion''s or the objects within some ''SpatialRegions'' . The partition between spaces in a Room is the subtype ''RoomPartition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'partition' in WordNet: 1. (2) partition, divider - (a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another))`
Super-classes	BarrierObject^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some Pair^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c
Sub-classes	RoomPartition^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c

PartitionedSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartitionedSpace`
Description	A ''PartitionedSpace'' is part of a ''Room'' that is separated from other parts, usually by one or more ''RoomPartition''s (wall-like barriers that may be low or may extend to the ceiling), thus providing a space where multiple activities can be performed that do not require the whole room. This is for the enclosed space, not for the barrier (''RoomPartition'') that separates out the space from the remainder of the room. `No WN sense. RHW 'noun 'partition' 4. a part, division, or section.`
Super-classes	Platform^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op some Room^c
Sub-classes	Cubicle^c RestaurantBooth^c Kiosk^c

PartitioningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartitioningSomething`
Description	`Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'partition' in WordNet: 1. partition, partition off - (divide into parts, pieces, or sections; 'The Arab peninsula was partitioned by the British') 2. partition, zone - (separate or apportion into sections; 'partition a room off')`
Super-classes	DividingSomethingIntoParts^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or Place^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	Zoning^c

Partly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partly

Description

''Partly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the adjective following does not fully apply to the thing the adjective modifies, but only in part - 'partly but not fully'.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'partly' in WordNet:
            1. (19) partially, partly, part - (in part; in some degree;
              not wholly; 'I felt partly to blame'; 'He was partially paralyzed')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

PartlyBlack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartlyBlack`
Description	''PartlyBlack'' is a subattribute of ''PartlyColored'' asserting that some part(s) of the surface being characterized is colored 'Black''.
Super-classes	PartlyColored^c
Sub-classes	BlackAndWhite^c

PartlyColored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartlyColored`
Description	''PartlyColored'' is the parent attribute of subattributes that specify specific colors that form part of the coloring of a surface. Each subattribute will specify a color that is the color of part of the ''SurfaceOnTangibleObject'' that is characterized. `NOTE: this is disjoint from solid colors, so it is neither a parent type or a subtype of the color that is the color of the surface part being characterized. The relation to the solid tone that is the color of the part being characterized uses the relation 'hasPart' and its inverse 'isaPartOf'`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	PartlyWhite^c PartlyBlack^c

PartlyFilled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartlyFilled`
Description	To be ''PartlyFilled'' is for a container-like thing to contain some contensts but less than it is capable of holding.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PartlySoluble^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartlySoluble

Description

PartlySoluble is an attribute of PhysicalSubstances that means that the maximum equilibrium concentration of that substance in water will be between than 0.1 gram and 3 grams per 100 ml of water. This 'PartlySoluble' is specifically for water, and has the common-sense meaning that, if one had a small quantity of a pwdery substance and wanted to wash it away, rinsing with water will do the job, but not necessarily very quickly. The quantitative attribute 'ConcentrationMeasure' specifies the actual amount of solute in each volume of solution, and is related to a solution by the relation 'hasConcentration'.

     Solubility in other solvents is not yet (v0.43) represented.

     NOTE: in this qualitative classification, 'Soluble' means
     a solubility of at least 3 grams per 100 ml, and 'Insoluble'
     means that less than 0.1 gram will dissolve in 100 ml.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PartlyTrue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartlyTrue`
Description	''PartlyTrue'' is a subtype of ''TrueInaContext'' for assetrtions that have (at least in some interpretation) an element of truth,but may be exaggerated or have unproven assumptions as a basis.
Super-classes	Insincere^c
Sub-classes	Fawning^c

PartlyWhite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartlyWhite`
Description	''PartlyWhite'' is a subattribute of ''PartlyColored'' asserting that some part(s) of the surface being characterized is colored ''White''
Super-classes	PartlyColored^c
Sub-classes	BlackAndWhite^c

Partner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partner`
Description	A 'Partner' is a Person who participates together with another person in some enterprise. This is a broad sense, including informal 'partners' in casual efforts, as well as partners in serious enterprises, and DomesticPartners (which see). However, Partners must know each other and work in close collaboration. The sense of 'Partner' as a member of a legal Partnership is the separate sense 'BusinessPartner'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'partner' in WordNet: 2. (7) collaborator, cooperator, partner, pardner - (an associate who works with others toward a common goal; 'the musician and the librettist were collaborators')`
Super-classes	ReciprocalRole^c Associate^c Acquaintance^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WorkingTogether^c
Sub-classes	DomesticPartner^c

Partnership^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partnership

Description

COSMO: An Organization with a small number of individual people as members, neither a sole proprietorship nor a corporation. In SUMO this was necessarily commercial, but in COSMO the more general partnership is included, for non-commercial purposes.

       Cyc: #$Partnership is a specialization of
        #$Organization.  Each instance of #$Partnership is an
        organization that has been formally organized as a
        partnership pursuant to partnership agreements.  In the
        #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica, most instances of #$Partnership are
        organized pursuant to specific statutes.  #$GeneralPartners
        of a #$Partnership are jointly and severally liable for the
        debts and other liabilities of the #$Partnership.  The
        liability of #$LimitedPartners is limited in accordance with
        the governing partnership agreement.  The
        #$PartnershipPartners of an instance of #$Partnership may be
        individuals or entities.  For example, an instance of
        #$LimitedPartnership may have an instance of
        #$LegalCorporation as its #$GeneralPartner and individuals
        as its #$LimitedPartners.

        SUMO: A CommercialAgent that is owned by more 
         than one person.

        The closest noun sense of 'partnership' in Wordnet is sense 1, but in WN that
          is 'the members' whereas in COSMO it is the ''Organization'' 
          formed by the contract:
       in WordNet:
          1. (5) partnership - (the members of a business venture created by contract)

Super-classes CommercialOrganization^c

Party^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Party`
Description	More specific than ''OrganizedCelebration'' in that the purpose is mostly for people to gather, even though (as in a 'birthday party') there may be some anniversary or occasion to celebrate. CYC ('Party-Celebration'): A specialization of #$SocialGathering. Each instance of #$Party-Celebration is a social gathering whose main purpose is the entertainment, amusement, or pleasure of those gathered. Specializations of #$Party-Celebration include #$BirthdayParty, #$DinnerParty, and #$BabyShower. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'party' in WordNet: 2. (126) party - (an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment; he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day)
Super-classes	OrganizedCelebration^c SocialGathering^c
Sub-classes	ReunionGathering^c BirthdayCelebration^c Dance^c DinnerParty^c CostumeParty^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsBigParty2019 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsNewYearParty2019

PartyFavor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartyFavor`
Description	A 'PartyFavor' is a small 'memento' (a 'SolidObject'), that a party guest gets and can keep or use (in some cases) at hisher discretion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'party favor' in WordNet: 1. party favor, party favour, favor, favour - (souvenir consisting of a small gift given to a guest at a party)`
Super-classes	Souvenir^c
Sub-classes	CrackerBonbon^c

PartyGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartyGame`
Description	All instances of games designed for playing at parties or with large groups of people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'party game' in WordNet: 1. (1) party game - (a game to amuse guests at a party)`
Super-classes	Game^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value Party^c

PartyGift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartyGift`
Description	An instance of #$GiftTypeByOccasion. The collection of #$Gifts that are appropriate to bring to parties. In COSMO this is an Artifact, therefore it does not include animals by themselves, but it can include a potted plant or a flower arrangement.
Super-classes	Gift^c Artifact-Generic^c

PartyInRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartyInRole`
Description	'PartyInRole' is a FIBO subtype of 'AgentInRole'. The difference is not clear; the principle for 'agent' is 'autonomous agent' and for 'party' is an 'independent party'. This is added to preserve nuances of meaning that mey be useful for FIBO applications. `This is intended to align with the FIBO 'party in role': FIBO def: A party-in-role defines is a relative concept that ties an independent party to a specific role they are standing in, for example, an organization member, issuer, owner, partner in a partnership, shareholder, etc., and is effective as of some date.`
Super-classes	AgentInRole^c
Sub-classes	OrganizationMember^c ContractPrincipal^c Admirer^c RepublicanPartyMember^c Nazi^c Councillor^c Ally^c InterestGroupMember^c ServiceProvider^c Shareholder^c Champion^c PoliticalPartyMember^c ContractThirdParty^c Capitalist^c Owner^c SoulMate^c Democrat^c Pacifist^c ContractCounterparty^c Roommate^c

PartyInaCourtCase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartyInaCourtCase`
Description	A ''PartyInaCourtCase'' is the Role of a Person who participates as a litigant, witness, lawyer or other Role in a court case. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'party' in WordNet: 5. (31) party - (a person involved in legal proceedings; 'the party of the first part')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Participant^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value CourtCase^c
Sub-classes	Respondent^c Litigant^c

PartyToAnAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PartyToAnAgreement`
Description	Each instance of 'PartyToAnAgreement' is one element of a Group of 'AgreeingAgents' that participated in creation of some Agreement. Use of this Role requires that the Group of agreeing agents as well as the 'Agreement' be specified. `Closest WordNet synset is sense 4 of 'party', but this is broader, including agreements that are not legally enforceable: in WordNet: 5. (31) party - (a person involved in legal proceedings; 'the party of the first part')`
Super-classes	Role^c GenericAgent^c
Restrictions	wasaPartyToAgreement^op some Agreement^c isaComponentElementOf^op some AgreeingAgents^c
Sub-classes	ContractPrincipal^c ContractThirdParty^c ContractCounterparty^c

Partygoer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partygoer`
Description	A ''Partygoer'' is an 'Attendee' at some specific ''Party'' or who habitually goes to parties. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'partygoer' (not just in reference to one specifiv ''Party') in WordNet: 1. partygoer - (someone who is attending a party; 'the hall was crowded with an overflow of partygoers')`
Super-classes	Attendee^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some Party^c
Sub-classes	Swinger^c

Partygoing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Partygoing`
Description	''Partygoing'' is an ''AttendingaSocialEvent'' where the SocialEvent is a ''Party''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'party' in WordNet: 1. party - (have or participate in a party; 'The students were partying all night before the exam')`
Super-classes	AttendingaSocialEvent^c EngagingInAnActivity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Partygoer^c isaSubEventOf^op value Party^c
Sub-classes	Bacchanalia^c

Pascal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pascal

Description

SI pressure measure. Symbol:Pa. It is the pressure of one Newton per square Meter. Pascal = N/m^2 = m^(-1)kgs^(-2).

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pascal' in Wordnet:
    1. pascal, Pa - (a unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Passage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passage`
Description	Each ''Passage'' is a ''Section'' that is a minor ''Part'' of an ''AbstractText'' For the physical text that represents this, use ''Excerpt''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'passage' in WordNet: 2. (5) passage - (a section of text; particularly a section of medium length)`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c ConceptualWork^c TextPart^c Section^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some AbstractText^c
Sub-classes	StoryFlashback^c

Passageway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passageway`
Description	A 'Passageway' is a PathArtifact that has space enough to allow people to pass from one space to another through some object that would otherwise present a barrier. An underground tunnel (for people, not vehicles) is a Passageway, and so is a Hallway in a building. This sense of 'Passageway' is an interior passage intended to allow people to pass, not vehicles. However, an opening in a barrier (e.g. a Door) is not a Passageway - a Passageway must have some length greater than the width of a wall or fence. For tunnels used by vehicles, use the subtype 'Tunnel'. Includes parts (the Artifacts) of noun sense 1 of 'passageway' and sense 3 of 'passage' in WordNet: WN noun 'passageway': 1. (2) passageway - (a passage between rooms or between buildings) 2. (1) passage, passageway - (a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; 'the nasal passages') WN noun 'passage: (if the 'something' is not a road vehicle): 3. (4) passage - (a way through or along which someone or something may pass)
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Locomotion-SolidSurface^c
Sub-classes	Aisle^c VerticalShaft^c Arcade^c Hallway^c Channel^c

Passenger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passenger`
Description	A Passenger is a Person that is transported in some 'RidingInaVehicle' event - but was not the operator of the vehicle. @ToDo: the exception for operator is not represented yet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger' in WordNet: 1. (4) passenger, rider - (a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it)`
Super-classes	Traveler^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some RidingInaVehicle^c
Sub-classes	TaxiPassenger^c Astronaut^c

PassengerBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassengerBoat`
Description	A PassengerBoat is a vessel of any size larger than a rowboat designed primarily to carry passengers as a commercial activity, that is, designed to be operated by some commercial organization that provides the boat and the crew of the boat while transporting passengers. Small shuttles and ferries as well as large ocean liners are included in this category. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger ship' in WordNet: 1. passenger ship - (a ship built to carry passengers)`
Super-classes	Vessel^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Passenger^c
Sub-classes	PassengerLiner^c Ferry^c

PassengerCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassengerCar`
Description	A ''PassengerCar'' is a ''RailroadCar'' designed to transport passengers rather than freight. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger car' in WordNet: 1. passenger car, coach, carriage - (a railcar where passengers ride)`
Super-classes	RailroadCar^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value PassengerTrain^c isDesignedToTransport^op value Passenger^c

PassengerCarryingFrequency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassengerCarryingFrequency`
Description	Each instance of 'PassengerCarryingFrequency' is a 'ServiceFrequency' for which the Event is a 'CarryingaPassengerEvent'. This inherits the required restrictions on 'hasFrequency' and 'hasEventType' to specify the Event and frequency that provide the meaning to this AttributeValue.
Super-classes	ServiceFrequency^c
Restrictions	hasEventType^op value RidingAsAPassenger^c
Sub-classes	PassengersCarriedPerYear^c

PassengerLiner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassengerLiner`
Description	An ''OceanLiner''that has a large capacity for carrying passengers, even though it usually also carries some freight. A freighter that has some passenger accommodations is not an instance. `CYC: >A PassengerLiner is a large ship designed primarily to carry passengers on the ocean or other large body of water. This category includes ocean-going cruise ships. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cabin liner' in WordNet: 1. cabin liner - (a liner with cabins for passengers)`
Super-classes	OceanLiner^c PassengerBoat^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Passenger^c hasDesignFunction^op value CarryingPassengers^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Passenger^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheTitanic

PassengerTrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassengerTrain`
Description	CYC: The collection of all passenger trains. These are trains whose #$primaryFunction is to transport #$passengers, not freight. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger train' in WordNet: 1. passenger train - (a train that carries passengers)`
Super-classes	PublicTransportationDevice^c Train-TransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PassengerCar^c isDesignedToTransport^op value Passenger^c
Sub-classes	SubwayTrain^c

PassengerVan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassengerVan`
Description	A ''PassengerVan'' is a ''Van'' that mostly used to carry people, but has sufficient space to carry some large orbjects inside, such as equipment for service people.. `A smaller version is the subtype ''MiniVan''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger van' in WordNet: 1. passenger van - (a van that carries passengers)`
Super-classes	Van^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	MiniVan^c

PassengersCarriedPerYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassengersCarriedPerYear`
Description	Each instance of 'PassengersCarriedPerYear' is a 'PassengerCarryingFrequency' for which the Event is a 'CarryingaPassengerEvent' and the 'Frequency' pointed to by the required 'hasFrequency' relation is is an instance of 'FrequencyPerYear' (giving some number of Events per year).
Super-classes	PassengerCarryingFrequency^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op some FrequencyPerYear^c hasEventType^op value RidingAsAPassenger^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourMillionCarriedPerYear

PasserBy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PasserBy`
Description	A ''PasserBy'' is a ''Pedestrian who is walking past some location that is the ''SiteOfAnEvent''. `NOTE the specific type of 'pssing' should be represented as a subtype of ''PassingThroughOrBySomething''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passer-by' in WordNet: 1. passerby, passer-by, passer - (a person who passes by casually or by chance)`
Super-classes	Pedestrian^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value PassingThroughOrBySomething^c

PasseriformBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PasseriformBird`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passeriform bird' in WordNet: 1. passerine, passeriform bird - (perching birds mostly small and living near the ground with feet having 4 toes arranged to allow for gripping the perch; most are songbirds; hatchlings are helpless)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	Flycatcher^c OscineBird^c

PassingAnExam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassingAnExam`
Description	''PassingAnExam'' is a ''PassingaTest'' in which the 'test' is an ''Exam''.
Super-classes	PassingaTest^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some TestOfSkill^c

PassingThroughAClosedDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassingThroughAClosedDoor`
Description	This is the collection of actions in which a #$Person approaches a closed door, opens it, and passes through. This event-type excludes those cases where the door is opened either automatically, or by a doorman.
Super-classes	PassingThroughPortal^c SingleDoerAction^c HumanActivity^c GoingSomewhere^c PurposefulAction^c

PassingThroughOrBySomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassingThroughOrBySomething`
Description	''PassingThroughOrBySomething'' is a broad abstract notion of 'passing' that includes passing through something (e.g. a door or a region or a 'Border'') or over something (a bridge or region) or alongside something (a car on a highway) or in front of something (a planet passing a star). The common concept is that there is something that was passed, and the ''PhysicalObject'' passing for some interval was 'near' (at least from some point of view or perspective) to the object passed. The more specific subtypes give more detail about how thing was passed and the relative trajectories of the passing and passed objects. PassingThroughSomething - region, object PassingAlongsideSomething - object, location PassingInFrontOfSomething - object PassingOverSomething - object CrossingSomething This includes all of the subtypes in WordNet: 1. (33) pass, go through, go across - (go across or through; 'We passed the point where the police car had parked'; 'A terrible thought went through his mind') 2. (31) travel by, pass by, surpass, go past, go by, pass - (pass by; 'A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window'; 'He passed his professor in the hall'; 'One line of soldiers surpassed the other') 7. (8) pass, overtake, overhaul - (travel past; 'The sports car passed all the trucks')
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c Translation-LocationChange^c Translation-SingleTrajectory^c
Restrictions	hasThingPassed^op some (GenericLocation^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	AmbulatingThroughaPlace^c CrossingSomething^c EnteringOrExitingSomething^c JumpingOverSomething^c PassingThroughSomething^c OvertakingaVehicle^c

PassingThroughPortal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassingThroughPortal`
Description	CYC: A collection of movement events. In an instance of #$PassingThroughPortal, an object goes from one spatial region to another by passing through a #$Portal between the regions. Examples: a portion of food passing from the stomach to the small intestine; a person walking through a door from the outdoors into a house. `NOTE: this can be going in or going out.`
Super-classes	EnteringOrExitingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingPassedThrough^op value Portal^c
Sub-classes	EnteringAContainer^c PassingThroughAClosedDoor^c ExitingAContainer^c

PassingThroughSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassingThroughSomething`
Description	''PassingThroughSomething'' is an Event in which an Object passes through another object or region, meaning that at some point in the course of passing, the object doing the passing is within the 'convex hull' of the object passed through, or in the case of a portal, the object passing through is within the portal that is passed through. In either case, the passing and passed objects are very close or in overlapping regions no larger than the largest of the two objects involved. Expressed as 'passing through', or in the case of entering or exiting through a portal, 'going into' or going out of' the object with the portal. See subtype ''PassingThroughPortal'' and ''EnteringSomething''. ExitingAContainer Includes verb senses 2 and 7 and part of verb sense 1 of 'pass' and verb sense 1 of 'transit' in WordNet; the mental sense of 'passing through one's mind' is not included: in WordNet: 1. (33) pass, go through, go across - (go across or through; 'We passed the point where the police car had parked'; 'A terrible thought went through his mind') 2. (31) travel by, pass by, surpass, go past, go by, pass - (pass by; 'A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window'; 'He passed his professor in the hall'; 'One line of soldiers surpassed the other') 7. (8) pass, overtake, overhaul - (travel past; 'The sports car passed all the trucks') WN Wordnet verb sense 1 of 'transit': 1. transit, pass through, move through, pass across, pass over - (make a passage or journey from one place to another; 'The tourists moved through the town and bought up all the souvenirs;' 'Some travellers pass through the desert')
Super-classes	PassingThroughOrBySomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingPassedThrough^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	RoundTrip^c FluidFlowEvent^c

PassingaLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassingaLaw`
Description	''PassingaLaw'' is the final stage of ''Legislating'' in which a ''LegislativeBody'' gives final approval to some proposed ''Legislation''. NOTE: the process that is finished in ''PassingaLaw'' is represented by ''Legislating''. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the series of steps in Legislating and the final stage. The NOTE: 'enact' is only represented in WN by 'ordain, enact', which includes a decree by a sovereign, which is not included here. 'ordain' is represented elsewhere in ''MakingaRule''. This type takes the WN 'enact' as including legislative enactment. May need more elaboration. Corresponds to part (for the final stage) of verb sense 1 of 'legislate' in WordNet: 1. (1) legislate, pass - (make laws, bills, etc. or bring into effect by legislation; 'They passed the amendment'; 'We cannot legislate how people's spend their free time') WN verb 'enact' (part, not for rulers) 1. (13) ordain, enact - (order by virtue of superior authority; decree; 'The King ordained the persecution and expulsion of the Jews'; 'the legislature enacted this law in 1985') WN noun 'enactment': 1. (2) enactment, passage - (the passing of a law by a legislative body)
Super-classes	PoliticalEvent^c LegalProceeding^c MakingRulesCollectively^c RegulatingBehavior^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value LegislativeOrganization^c produced^op some Law^c produces^op value Legislation^c

PassingaTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PassingaTest`
Description	''PassingaTest'' is a ''SatisfyingaRequirement'' in which the requirement is to demonstrate some level of knowledge or skill, as measured by some form of 'test'. There are several kinds of 'test' included as subtpes of this type. The one most familiar to ay student in school is an ''Exam''. `Corresponds to noun sense 14 of 'pass' in WordNet: 14. (2) pass, make it - (go successfully through a test or a selection process; 'She passed the new Jersey Bar Exam and can practice law now')`
Super-classes	SatisfyingaRequirement^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some TestProcedure^c
Sub-classes	FailingAnExam^c PassingAnExam^c

Passion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passion`
Description	Intense longing for somebody or something regarded as essential to one's well-being or happiness. `This is a generic feeling of passion - more specific ones (e.g. sexual) would be included subtypes. Includes noun senses 1 and 5 of 'passion' in Wordnet: 1. (4) passion, passionateness - (strong feeling or emotion) 5. (1) passion - (a feeling of strong sexual desire)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Fervor^c

Passionate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passionate`
Description	''Passionate'' is a subtype of ''Emotional'' characterizing People who have a strong attraction (love, liking, enjoyment) for some ''HumanActivity'' or some goal that they consider desirable. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'passionate' in Wordnet: 1. (7) passionate - (having or expressing strong emotions)`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c Emotional^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value HardWork^c
Sub-classes	Impassioned^c

Passionately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passionately

Description

''Passionately'' is an AdverbialModifier that is the adverbial form of ''Passionate''

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'passionately' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) passionately - (with passion; 'she kissed him passionately')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Passive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passive`
Description	''Passive'' is an attribute in contrast to ''Active'', an attribute that predisposes to ''Inaction'' rather than ''Action''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'passive' in Wordnet: 1. (5) passive, inactive - (lacking in energy or will; 'Much benevolence of the passive order may be traced to a disinclination to inflict pain upon oneself'- George Meredith)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Inaction^c

Passover^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passover

Description

CYC: 'PassoverHoliday': An instance of #$AnnualHolidayType and a specialization of #$JewishHoliday. Each instance of #$PassoverHoliday is an eight-day event beginning at #$Sunset on the fourteenth day of an instance of #$Nissan-JewishMonth. #$PassoverHoliday commemorates the exodus of #$JewishPersons from #$Egypt during the reign of Pharoah Ramses II.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Passover' in WordNet:
          1. Passover, Pesach, Pesah, Feast of the Unleavened Bread - 
             ((Judaism) a Jewish festival (traditionally 8 days from Nissan 15) 
              celebrating the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt)

Super-classes JewishHoliday^c
MoveableHoliday^c

Passport^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Passport

Description

The PhysicalDocument which is a Passport, issued by a government to an individual person.

    Cyc: A specialization of #$LegalDocument and
        #$IDDocument.  Each instance of #$Passport is a document
        issued to a person by the government of a country of which
        s/he is a citizen, in order to identify that person as a
        citizen of that country while s/he is travelling outside of
        its borders. It can also be used for ID purposes back home.
        #$Passports typically expire after a set period of time and
        require renewal. Countries generally allow only one valid
        passport per citizen.

        SUMO: A License which identifies the holder and permits 
          travel between different countries.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passport' in Wordnet:
           2. passport - (a document issued by a country to a citizen allowing 
             that person to travel abroad and re-enter the home country)

Super-classes NationalIDDocument^c

Password^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Password`
Description	This ''Password'' includes those use orally as well as those typed into a computer, kept secret for use of one individual Person, or in some cases shared by a small group. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'password' in WordNet: 1. password, watchword, word, parole, countersign - (a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group; "he forgot the password")`
Super-classes	PositiveIdentification^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value IdentifyingaPerson^c

Past^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Past

Description

'Past' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing modified existed before 'Now' but no longer exists. 'the past glories of Rome'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'past' in WordNet:
        1. (29) past - (earlier than the present time; no longer current;
          'time past'; 'his youth is past'; 'this past Thursday'; 'the past year')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PastEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PastEvent`
Description	A ''PastEvent'' is an ''Event'' that occurred in 'ThePast' relative to some TimePoint that is considered 'the presnt' in some PossibleWorld. `This can be referenced in a narrative about the 'RealWOrld' or in any fictional context.`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	occurredInTimeInterval^op value ThePast^c

PastParticiple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PastParticiple`
Description	A representation of an adjective in the 'past participle' form of a verb, each of which implies that the thing modified has been affected by an ''Event'' (usually ''Action''s) labeled by the present tense of the verb. These AttributeValues are related by ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' to the COSMO EventType representing the Event that caused the Thing to have that Attribute. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'past participle' in WordNet: 1. past participle, perfect participle - (a participle that expresses completed action)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Advanced^c Worn^c MorallyRighteous^c Communicated^c KilledOrInjured^c Certified^c Affiliated^c Castrated^c Molded^c Layered^c Charred^c Injured^c Cancelled^c Blackened^c Motivated^c Adopted^c Deafened^c Mixed^c Unshaven^c Stifled^c Abolished^c Fried^c Owned^c ChilledWithIce^c Called^c Established^c AdoptedAsaFamilyMember^c Roasted^c Accumulated^c Engineered^c Coerced^c Measured^c Treated^c Unleavened^c Sworn^c Deformed^c Understated^c Borrowed^c Armed^c Expired^c SignedInSignLanguage^c Seasoned^c Perceived^c Corrupted^c Horsemounted^c Woven^c Disclosed^c Balanced^c Stained^c LearnedByConditioning^c WellInformed^c Projected^c Targeted^c Unchanged^c Consumed^c Unplugged^c Barbecued^c Urbanized^c Compressed^c Acclaimed^c Rented^c Tarnished^c Fulfilled^c Fed^c Improved^c Interrupted^c Battered^c Reserved^c Renewed^c Twisted^c Restored^c Extended^c Dilapidated^c Dislocated^c Deflated^c Attempted^c Deprived^c Padded^c Muffled^c Chilled^c Bound^c Asserted^c Decorated^c Planted^c Fallen^c Triggered^c SunDried^c Trusted^c Censored^c Integrated^c Hidden^c Absorbed^c Abashed^c Untreated^c Bottled^c Fluorescent^c Paid^c Syndicated^c Written^c Enthroned^c Saddened^c Named^c Waxed^c Educated^c Crumpled^c Destined^c Entrenched-Military^c Unresolved^c Divided^c Oversimplified^c Muted^c Anchored^c Copied^c Fractured^c Inflated^c HomeMade^c Permitted^c Accepted^c Slaked^c Supported^c NewFound^c Prescribed^c Unpacked^c Told^c Assisted^c Stunted^c Skewed^c Delayed^c Combined^c Uninterrupted^c In-House^c Specialised^c Labelled^c Carved^c Reddened^c Self-described^c Justified^c Uneducated^c WornOut^c Melted^c Pampered^c Startled^c Reborn^c Discounted^c Hired^c Leavened^c Sacrificed^c Regulated^c Separated^c Wrought^c State-owned^c Awakened^c Confirmed^c Hardened^c Directed^c Grinded^c Outsourced^c Attracted^c Coded^c PluggedIn^c Scheduled^c Defeated^c Unfolded^c Grated^c Sunlit^c Earned^c Elected^c Publicized^c Neglected^c Obliged^c Controlled^c Specialized^c Televised^c Scattered^c Torn^c Sustained^c Glazed^c Revoked^c Used^c Unordered^c Covered^c Attached^c Repeated^c Conditioned^c Cued^c Appointed^c Vaporized^c Undressed^c Born^c Institutionalized^c Parked^c Chaperoned^c Killed^c Entrenched^c HandMade^c Done^c Sunken^c Beaten^c Unrestricted^c Protected^c Darkened^c FilledIn^c Ignored^c Included^c Updated^c Shaved^c Dazed^c Modernized^c Dried^c Seen^c Suspected^c Paved^c Suppressed^c Outstretched^c Genuine^c Intertwined^c Disenchanted^c Printed^c Truncated^c Cooked^c Ventilated^c Oppressed^c Undisturbed^c Licensed^c Unpaved^c Cross-Country^c Cracked^c Presumed^c Unheard^c Constrained^c Overhot^c Stated^c Unorganized^c Sidetracked^c Suggested^c Dazzled^c Qualified-Restricted^c Convinced^c Observed^c Agreed^c Detached^c Alleged^c Abridged^c Wounded^c WellDone^c Fermented^c Detected^c Honored^c Fired^c Parched^c Recorded^c Acknowledged^c Punitive^c Appalled^c Planned^c Capitalized^c Associated^c Sewn^c Illuminated^c Imprinted^c Closed^c Solved^c Signed^c DisciplinedToObey^c Taxed^c Folded^c Handwritten^c Flocked^c Whipped^c Accustomed^c Tangled^c Clogged^c Veiled^c Weaned^c PhysicallyBalanced^c Schooled^c Shrunken^c Assembled^c Condensed^c Luminous^c Reformed^c Burnt^c Uncensored^c Enrolled^c Orphaned^c Unproven^c Relieved^c Restricted^c Gone^c Displaced^c Annoyed^c Laid^c Distracted^c Unfulfilled^c Sullied^c Worsened^c BrokenUp^c Given^c Funded^c Abused^c Contested^c Harmed^c Revised^c Damaged^c HeatedUp^c Bespoke^c Processed^c Completed^c Recycled^c Equipped^c Deserved^c Inflamed^c Bruised^c Forbidden^c Computerized^c SeasonedWithSeasoning^c Preferred^c Traveled^c Crosscountry^c Disciplined^c Embroidered^c Undisclosed^c Unexplained^c Mashed^c Heard^c Jilted^c Registered^c Distilled^c Ruined^c Custom-Made^c Led^c Designated^c Promised^c Irrigated^c Embedded^c Drained^c Organized^c Changed^c Polarized^c Refrigerated^c Branded^c FreeLiving^c Added^c Concealed^c Disputed^c Guided^c Pasteurized^c Assigned^c Supposed^c Uncastrated^c Estimated^c Idealized^c Unregulated^c Simulated^c Instilled^c Resolved^c Ironed^c Videotaped^c Discontinued^c Afflicted^c Broiled^c Modified^c Hesitant^c Dumbfounded^c Perplexed^c Traumatized^c Unbranded^c NarrativeLike^c Full^c Sculpturesque^c GuidedByAdvice^c Crushed^c Primitive^c Gathered^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#been

PastParticipleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PastParticipleType`
Description	Subtypes of ''PastParticipleType'' are ''QualitativeAttributeType''s whose instances are attributes that are conceptually the past participle of a verb, specifying that the thing modified has been the (grammatical) object of some event. Example instances are ''Abandoned'' or ''Discarded''.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced^op some EventType^c
Members	Perceived Deserved HighBacked PastParticiple Matted Unpowered Directed Boiled Recognized Coded PluggedIn Cross-Country Concerted Scheduled Consumed Unplugged Barbecued Unfolded Traveled Stylized Sunlit Disciplined Spotted Linked Undisclosed Unexplained Publicized Inside-Out Embedded Distilled Prepared Improved Repeated Televised Broad-based Reserved Agreed Changed Covered Tattered PreparedFoodAttribute Refrigerated Cued Mounted Deprived Branded Muffled Guided Parked Triggered Bound Embarrassed Entrenched Uncastrated Estimated Illiterate Done Convulsive Trusted Crested Depleted Censored HandWritten Darkened Flocked Dotted Included Updated Fluorescent Dazed MostFavored Weaned LatestFashioned Ironed Dried Suppressed Dirty Saddened Intertwined Authenticated Cooked LongNecked Painted Enrolled Muted Traumatized Anchored Unbranded NarrativeLike Unpaved Full Sculpturesque Worn Skewed Combined KilledOrInjured Bloody Stated Communicated Carved Abridged BrokenIntoPieces Dazzled Affiliated Qualified-Restricted Constituted Roofed Popularized Layered Injured Defined Circulated Leavened Awakened Honored Salted Deafened Unshaven Punitive Appalled Weathered Striped Planned Amazed Associated Abolished Sewn Disoriented Fried Imprinted Taxed Coerced Defeated Signed Grated Called Established DisciplinedToObey Embroidered Clogged Deformed Handwritten Whipped Understated Neglected Borrowed Accustomed Baked Controlled Mashed Tangled Expired SignedInSignLanguage PhysicallyBalanced Abbreviated EstablishedAsFact Used Horsemounted Assembled Targeted LongLegged Scattered Increased Woven FencedIn Stained WellInformed Burnt Orphaned Unchanged Freckled Urbanized Compressed Restricted Hinged Chaperoned Rented Up-to-date Vaporized Fulfilled Battered Displaced Born Fed HighPriority Cutting-edge DisqualifiedForViolation Renewed Unregulated Interrupted Laid Disturbed Unfulfilled Extended Dilapidated Beaten BrokenUp Dislocated Protected Funded Refined-Purified Inconvenienced Padded Modernized WidelyTraveled Revised Chosen Broiled Seen Decorated Baffled Integrated Sculptured SunDried Truncated Recycled Ventilated Inflamed Licensed Computerized Timeless Segregated Absorbed Abashed ElectronicallyIntegrated Forbidden Cracked Computed Presumed Uncontaminated Telescoped Paid Crosscountry CrissCrossed Syndicated Written Enthroned Jilted Unorganized Oversimplified Waxed Suggested Crumpled Ruined Framed Custom-Made Destined Entrenched-Military Imprisoned Forfeited Selected Designated Convinced Observed Promised Copied Irrigated Fractured Detected Drained Inspired Captured Organized Unqualified Accepted Slaked Shortened Disputed Polarized FreeLiving Prescribed Told Fired Assisted Pasteurized Added Trained Cosmopolitan Acknowledged Specialised Distinguished Assigned RedAndWhiteStriped Adjusted Unified Supposed Accumulated Idealized Confined Startled Reborn Self-Reported Granted Simulated Sacrificed Separated Wrought Virtual Instilled Confirmed LearnedByConditioning Hardened Videotaped Seasoned Discontinued Schooled Shrunken Reformed UsedUp Driven Counterfeit Outsourced Attracted Uncensored Patterned Contaminated Relieved Hesitant Identified Overturned Perplexed GuidedByAdvice Elected Obliged Gone Humiliated Primitive Specialized MorallyRighteous Torn Sustained Magnified Upside-Down Revoked Unordered Given Attached Discarded Abandoned Worsened Puzzled Undressed Conditioned Taught Frayed Appointed Mutated LongEstablished Castrated Abused Prized AcceptedAsTrue Molded Charred Cancelled Weighted Blackened Harmed Institutionalized Bespoke Killed Motivated Adopted Arranged Recommended Estranged HandMade Anti-American Sunken Equipped Bruised ChilledWithIce SeasonedWithSeasoning Unrestricted Loaded Preferred FilledIn Deliberate AdoptedAsaFamilyMember MentallyPrepared Ignored Roasted Structured Armed Shaved Genuine Heard Consolidated Suspected Proposed Disgruntled Undisturbed Outstretched Registered Disenchanted Corrupted Oppressed Disclosed Balanced Accelerated Disqualified Concealed Tarnished Unheard Acclaimed Synchronized Constrained Overhot Sidetracked Shattered Banned Coated Detached Alleged Discounted Wounded Twisted Restored Regulated WellDone Fermented Deflated Arrested Attempted Parched Recorded Planted Chilled Capitalized Sculptural Modified Asserted Enclosed Illuminated Fallen Closed Speckled Grinded Earned Sole Folded Dumbfounded Divorced Hidden KilledInBattle Untreated Steamed Bottled Advanced Crushed Veiled Gathered Inscribed Reported Proven Condensed Luminous Named Educated Glazed Set Certified Typewritten Divided Altered Frozen Unproven Managed Inflated HomeMade Permitted Supported Mixed NewFound In-House Unpacked Stifled Annoyed Sheltered Stunted Delayed Uninterrupted Owned Esteemed Distracted Labelled Reddened Spaced Self-described Justified Sullied SpatiallyPolarized Engineered Uneducated Measured WornOut Melted Sworn Amalgamated Toasted Capsized Paved Treated Relinquished Unleavened Contested Hired Damaged State-owned HeatedUp Fragmented Printed Processed ReElected Projected Completed

PastTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PastTimeInterval`
Description	A ''PastTimeInterval'' is a TimeInterval that occured prior to some TimePointOfReference, on the universal time line. `This is for some specific past time interval; the sense of 'past' meaning all past time is represented as ''ThePast'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'before' in WordNet: 1. (68) earlier, before - (earlier in time; previously; 'I had known her before'; 'as I said before'; 'he called me the day before but your call had come even earlier'; 'her parents had died four years earlier'; 'I mentioned that problem earlier')`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	occurredEarlierThan^op value TimePointOfReference^c
Sub-classes	TimeBefore^c OnceUponaTime^c

Pasta^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pasta`
Description	Food similar to Italian-origin 'pasta', dough formed in some specific solid shape. This includes both the dry and moist forms. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pasta' in WordNet: 2. pasta, alimentary paste - (shaped and dried dough made from flour and water and sometimes egg)`
Super-classes	CerealFood^c SolidFood^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Dough^c
Sub-classes	Spaghetti^c Macaroni^c

Paste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paste`
Description	$Paste is the collection of pastes. Pastes are `opaque, semi-solid, sticky, tangible stuff. Unlike some semi-solid stuff (like sand), pastes cannot be poured. Pastes are thicker than creams and are the same thickness as gels. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'paste' in Wordnet: 1. (6) paste - (any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency) 2. paste, library paste - (an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c StickyStuff^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Spread^c Butter^c CottageCheese^c PeanutButter^c MustardPaste^c Margarine^c Frosting^c Dough^c Toothpaste^c ShavingCream^c
Members	Zucchini-Foodstuff Pumpkin-Foodstuff

Paste-Up^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paste-Up`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paste-up' in WordNet: 1. paste-up - (a composition of flat objects pasted on a board or other backing; 'they showed him a paste-up of the book jacket')`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c ComposedObject^c
Sub-classes	Collage^c

PastelColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PastelColor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pastel' in WordNet: 1. (1) pastel - (any of various pale or light colors)`
Super-classes	ChromaticColor^c

PastelColored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PastelColored

Description

''PastelColored' modifies a Color to produce a modified COlor.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pastel' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) pastel - (delicate and pale in color; 'pastel pink')

Super-classes ColorAttribute^c

Pasteurization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pasteurization`
Description	CYC: The heating of a milk product in order to kill off microorganisms that might make it spoil. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pasteurize' in WordNet: 1. pasteurize, pasteurise - (heat food in order to kill harmful microorganisms; 'pasteurize milk')`
Super-classes	HeatingFood^c Killing^c PreservingFood^c Preventing^c
Restrictions	heats^op value Milk^c prevents^op value SpoilingOfFood^c hadOrganismKilled^op value Microorganism^c

Pasteurized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pasteurized

Description

Used mostly of''Milk'' and milk products.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pasteurized' in Wordnet:
         1. pasteurized, pasteurised - (having been subjected to 
            pasteurization in order to halt fermentation)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Pastime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pastime`
Description	An Activity that a Person pursues for enjoyment occasionally. For mre dedicated recreational pursit that is not a sports activity, use subtype ''Hobby''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pastime' in WordNet: 1. (1) pastime, interest, pursuit - (a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly); 'sailing is her favorite pastime'; 'his main pastime is gambling'; 'he counts reading among his interests'; 'they criticized the boy for his limited pursuits')`
Super-classes	RecreationalActivity^c
Sub-classes	Hobby^c

Pastor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pastor

Description

A ''Pastor'' is a ''Minister'' who is chief administrator of a ''Parish''.

      A 'parson' may sometimes have the same function, but sometimes not.

      Corresponds to RHW sense 1 of 'pastor':
       1. a minister or priest in charge of a church.

      No exactly corresponding WN sense.

Super-classes Administrator^c
Minister^c

Pastoral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pastoral`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pastoral' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pastoral - (of or relating to a pastor; 'pastoral work'; 'a pastoral letter')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Pastry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pastry

Description

The baked food substance of which PastryItems are made - Called 'Pastry-Stuff' in Cyc.

      Cyc: Any number of foods or food parts made of baked
        flour in combination with sugar and butter.  Pastry is
        breadlike but differs from bread in its fat content and in
        that it usually doesn't contain yeast.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pastry' in WordNet; the 
      distinction between substance and object is not made in
      WordNet - this sense is used for both:   in WordNet:
       2. pastry - (any of various baked foods made of dough or batter)

Super-classes BakedFood^c
CerealFood^c

PastryItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PastryItem`
Description	Any FoodObject (a PhysicalObject, not a Substance) that consists of 'Pastry'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pastry' in WordNet; the distinction between substance and object is not made in WordNet - this sense is used for both: in WordNet: 2. pastry - (any of various baked foods made of dough or batter)`
Super-classes	BakedFoodObject^c SolidFoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Baked^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Pastry^c

Pasture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pasture`
Description	A ''Pasture''is a ''Grassland'' where some 'grasses' grow naturally, used to provide food for grazing animals. `CYC: a field where animals are allowed to graze. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pasture' in WordNet: 1. (4) pasture, pastureland, grazing land, lea, ley - (a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock)`
Super-classes	Grassland^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value GrazingAction^c

Patchwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patchwork`
Description	A ''Patchwork'' is an Object that is a ''Combination'' made from more than one distinguishable type of component, and is not a refined construction. `This entry is for the generic Artifact (Physical or abstract) 'patchwork'. The physical 'patchwork' can be characterized by the M-W definition: ' something made of pieces of different materials, shapes, or colors'`
Super-classes	Combination^c Artifact-Generic^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Heterogeneous^c
Sub-classes	PatchworkQuilt^c

PatchworkQuilt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatchworkQuilt`
Description	A ''PatchworkQuilt'' is a ''Comforter'' (Quilt) that is made by sewing together 'patches' of different fabrics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patchwork quilt' in WordNet: 1. patchwork, patchwork quilt - (a quilt made by sew patches of different materials together)`
Super-classes	Patchwork^c Comforter^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Heterogeneous^c

Pate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pate' in WordNet: 1. pate - (liver or meat or fowl finely minced or ground and variously seasoned)`
Super-classes	Spread^c Food^c FoodConcoction^c

PateOfTheHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PateOfTheHead`
Description	A ''PateOfTheHead'' is the top part (a ''Vertex'') of a Person's ''Head'', located above the brow and ears.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pate' in WordNet: 2. pate, poll, crown - (the top of the head)`
Super-classes	Vertex^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c isTheTopPartOf^op value Head^c

Patent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patent

Description

A ''Patent'' is a ''LegalDocument-Abstract'' that is issued to memorialize and record and attest to the granting by a government authority of an exclusive right to an 'invention', to some ''LegalAgent''.

      CYC: The legal rights to a specification for the design
        of a tangible device which an agent controls for a certain
        period of time. Any product which conforms to the
        specification which was made without the patent's
        owner's consent is illegal.  Patent rights can be sold.

      NOTE that this is abstract, so that one can say that a Person
      'has' a patent even if the paper document is lost.

      Includes both noun senses of 'patent' in WordNet:
           1. (5) patent, patent of invention - (a document granting an inventor 
              sole rights to an invention)
           2. patent, letters patent - (an official document granting a right or privilege)

Super-classes LegalDocument-Abstract^c
LegalAgreement^c
AuthorizedAgreement^c

Paternalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paternalism`
Description	''Paternalism'' is an ''Attitude'' toward certain people that predisposes a Person to control or advise those people in the manner of a 'Father' who knows better than they do what is best for them. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paternalism' in WordNet: 1. paternalism - (the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good)`
Super-classes	Attitude^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Benevolent^c

Paternalistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paternalistic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paternalistic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) paternalistic - (benevolent but sometimes intrusive)`
Super-classes	Benevolent^c

Paternity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paternity`
Description	''Paternity'' is the ''Kinship'' relation between a man and any child he has fathered. This does not include adoptive or foster fathers. `Note: in WordNet there is a distinction betwen 'paternity' (a ''KinshipRelation'') and 'paternity' ('the state of being a father.' But in COSMO a KinsipRelation is also a state, so these two are merged. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'paternity' in WordNet: 1. paternity - (the state of being a father; 'tests were conducted to determine paternity') 2. fatherhood, paternity - (the kinship relation between an offspring and the father)`
Super-classes	Kinship^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BiologicalFather^c

Path-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Path-Generic`
Description	A 'path' of any kind, a very broad concept. This type collects all Cyc 'paths'. NOTE that this is not a 'Region'. `Includes noun senses 2,3, and 4 of 'path' and sense 1 of 'track' and sense 1 of 'route' in WordNet, but only as subtypes: WN 'path' 2. (8) path - (a way especially designed for a particular use) 3. (3) path, route, itinerary - (an established line of travel or access) 4. path, track, course - (a line or route along which something travels or moves; 'the hurricane demolished houses in its path'; 'the track of an animal'; 'the course of the river')`
Super-classes	Object^c
Sub-classes	PowerLine^c Line^c CommunicationsChannel^c Path-Spatial^c Path-Simple^c TrackOnGround^c Trajectory^c

Path-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Path-Physical`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc a 'Path-Customary'. A Path-Customary is reinterpreted as 'Path-Physical' in COSMO, being a linear arrangement of physical material that permits or assists something to 'move' in some sense along the path. It is therefore a physical object, and certain types of communications 'channels' such as a point-to-point radio link, do not qualify. because the 'path' involved (the 'ether') does not assist the movement of the signal. This is not necessarily an artifact; a RiverBed is a 'Path-Physical'. At this point we have not formalized the notion that it is easier (takes less effort) for objects to move along a path than to move where that kind of path does not exist. Note that we add a restriction specifying that every instance of path must have some instance of PhysicalObject that can move along it. This existential should not be too burdensome, since we can generally mention some individual physical object that can move (not necessarily does move) along every path that is instantiated. Cyc: A specialization of #$Path-Spatial. Each instance of #$Path-Customary is a spatial path which was either designed as a path by some intelligent agent, or which has a significant known function as a path for movement. Examples include roads, railroads, sea-lanes, cowpaths, boardwalks, tubes, channels, blood vessels, fibers, wires, and communication links. An instance of #$Path-Customary may be either an instance of #$Path-Simple (in which case it would be a path with two distinct ends, not forming a cycle) or an instance of #$Path-Cyclic. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'passage' in WordNet: 3. (4) passage - (a way through or along which someone or something may pass)
Super-classes	Path-Spatial^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Sub-classes	TransportationPathSystem^c ElectricalConnection^c StraightPath^c Internet^c Ladder^c Intranet^c AccessiblePath^c PowerGrid^c Mine^c PathArtifact^c FlowPath^c LoopedPathway^c PistonChamber^c WaterSurfacePath^c SolidSurfacePathThroughAir^c ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c StreamBed^c ComputerNetworkConnection^c Well^c BodyPassageway^c

Path-Simple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Path-Simple`
Description	An instance of #$Collection, and a specialization of #$Path-Generic. Each instance of #$Path-Simple is a path with two distinct ends that do not overlap each other (in the case of spatial paths, the two ends are spatially disjoint). Since no instance of #$Path-Simple has ends that join at one point, #$Path-Simple is disjoint with #$Path-Cyclic. Although instances of #$Path-Simple have distinct ends, some instances may have more than two things that are its end-points . For example, a path between Austin and Pittsburgh can also be a path between Texas and Pennsylvania. Notable specializations of #$Path-Simple include #$Pipe-GenericConduit, #$Nerve, and #$Stream. `Includes noun senses 2,3, and 4 of 'path' and sense 1 of 'track' and sense 1 of 'route' in WordNet: WN 'path' 2. (8) path - (a way especially designed for a particular use) 3. (3) path, route, itinerary - (an established line of travel or access) 4. path, track, course - (a line or route along which something travels or moves; 'the hurricane demolished houses in its path'; 'the track of an animal'; 'the course of the river')`
Super-classes	Path-Generic^c
Sub-classes	LocalRoad^c EdgeOnObject-Generic^c Opening^c Isthmus^c StraightPath^c PathOfTravel^c FlowPath^c ConveyorBelt^c Ladder^c MainRoad^c TransmittingDevice^c Pipeline^c AccessiblePath^c Portal^c ShowerHead^c WaterSurfacePath^c PowerTransmittingDevice^c

Path-Spatial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Path-Spatial`
Description	A specialization of both #$Path-Generic and #$EnduringThing-Localized (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Path-Spatial is a path that has spatial extent, and that joins spatially located things. So instances of #$Path-Spatial include roads, corridors, wires, blood vessels, and nerves; however, purely abstract paths, such as those in kinship diagrams and mathematics, are not instances of #$Path-Spatial. Instances of #$Path-Spatial may be pre-existing paths in a #$CustomarySystemOfLinks (q.v.) or they may be paths in some specially specified #$PathSystem (q.v.) consisting of spatial paths. `Includes noun senses 2,3, and 4 of 'path' and sense 1 of 'track' and sense 1 of 'route' in WordNet: WN 'path' 2. (8) path - (a way especially designed for a particular use) 3. (3) path, route, itinerary - (an established line of travel or access) 4. path, track, course - (a line or route along which something travels or moves; 'the hurricane demolished houses in its path'; 'the track of an animal'; 'the course of the river')`
Super-classes	SpatialThing-Localized^c GenericLocation^c Path-Generic^c
Sub-classes	OrbitalPath^c AlongAnObject^c Portal^c LightPath^c WaterSurfacePath^c SolidSurfacePathThroughAir^c EdgeOnObject^c GeographicalLine-Intangible^c Path-Physical^c CordlikeObject^c CelestialOrbit^c PathThroughSolid^c Route^c Opening^c
In domain of	servesAsaPathFor^op

PathArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathArtifact`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$ConstructionArtifact and #$Path-Customary. Each instance of #$PathArtifact is a spatial path made by humans or animals. Instances of #$PathArtifact include #$ErieCanal, #$WellandShipCanal, #$ChampsElysee, #$WallStreet, USHighway80, and #$Highway101CA. Note that each of these artifacts is a single, particular path; to refer to a whole system of #$PathArtifacts, use #$PathArtifactSystem. `includes part of RHW 'pathway': 1. a path, course, route, or way. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'way' in WordNet: 6. (88) way - (any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another; 'he said he was looking for the way out')`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c Path-Physical^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Crosswalk^c Pipe^c GasPipeline^c OpticalCable^c PathForWheeledVehicles^c FlightOfStairs^c Canal^c Tunnel^c Waterway^c Stairway^c MainPipeline^c Crossing^c Passageway^c Footpath^c Chimney^c

PathArtifactSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathArtifactSystem`
Description	CYC: #$PathArtifactSystem is a specialization of #$Artifact-NonAgentive, #$InanimateThing, and #$CustomarySystemOfLinks. Each instance of #$PathArtifactSystem is an artificial system consisting of several instances of #$PathArtifact (q.v.). Important specializations of #$PathArtifactSystem include #$ComputerNetwork, #$RoadSystem, and #$SewerSystem
Super-classes	InanimateThing-NonNatural^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c CustomarySystemOfLinks^c
Sub-classes	PowerGrid^c LandVehiclePathSystem^c

PathForWheeledVehicles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathForWheeledVehicles`
Description	PathForWheeledVehicles(Cyc); LandTransitway(SUMO) OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$PathArtifact. Each instance of #$PathForWheeledVehicles is an artifact whose primary function is to serve as a path along which wheeled vehicles may move or park. Often such paths are paved, but they need not be. Specializations of #$PathForWheeledVehicles include #$AirplaneRunway, #$ParkingLot, and #$Roadway. `The SUMO LandTransitway is close but not identical, as it includes airports and airport runways - the latter arguably for wheeled vehicles, but the former less clearly so; in Opencyc Airport is a FixedStructure. SUMO: LandTransitway is the subclass of Transitway that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.`
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c FixedStructure^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c RouteOverGround^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value WheeledTransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Railway^c MainLine^c Overpass^c LaneOfRoadway^c Roadway^c RoadUnderpass^c MonorailRailway^c ParkingLot^c

PathOfTravel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathOfTravel`
Description	A ''PathOfTravel' is a ''Path-Simple' that is the location of some ''GoingSomewhere'' Action. This can be indoors or outdoors, for travellng Events of any distance.
Super-classes	Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value GoingSomewhere^c

PathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathSystem`
Description	A PathSystem may be abstract (such as a connected abstract graph), or concrete such as a road system in some geographical area. Some interesting path systems are the Internet ('TheInternet' here) and TheWorldwideTelephoneSystem. Cyc: The collection of all specified systems of paths and links, including both tangible path systems (such as the system of streets in a city) and abstract path systems (such as a multigraph). Each instance of #$PathSystem consists of a nonempty set of points (where each point is an instance of #$Thing, and is related to the instance of #$PathSystem via the predicate #$pointInSystem), a set of nodes (a subset of the set of points - each node is related to the instance of #$PathSystem via the predicate #$nodeInSystem) a set of links (where each link is an instance of #$Path-Simple, and is related to the instance of #$PathSystem via the predicate #$linkInSystem), and optionally a set of loops (where each loop is an instance of #$Path-Cyclic, and is related to the instance of #$PathSystem via the predicate #$loopInSystem). In order to specify which link is between which two nodes in the system, which point is on which link in the system, which node is on which loop in the system, and so on, see the following predicates: #$pathBetween, #$pointOnPath, #$pointOnCycle, #$betweenOnPath, #$linkBetweenInSystem, #$junctionInSystem, #$deadEndInSystem, #$isolatedNodeInSystem, and #$connectedInSystem. Notable specializations of #$PathSystem include #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem, #$Multigraph, and #$SimplePathSystem. In order to specify the subsystem relation between path systems, see the predicate #$subPathSystems.
Super-classes	FunctionalSystem^c
Sub-classes	Graph^c GenericNetwork^c ComputerNetworkPathSystem^c ConnectedPathSystem^c TelephonePathSystem^c SimplePathSystem^c SpatialPathSystem^c Semi-DirectedPathSystem^c CirculatorySystem^c

PathThroughSolid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathThroughSolid`
Description	CYC: The collection of all existing or designated #$Path-Spatials through solid material. Designated paths for drilling and machining are examples, as are the paths of tunnel digging and animal burrowings. Boring into wood and burrowing through the earth are locomotions which may follow paths of this type. For the pure #$Trajectory of a motion through a solid (not a designated or pre-existing path), use #$TrajectoryThroughSolid.
Super-classes	Path-Spatial^c
Sub-classes	LavaTube^c AirPathThroughSolid^c

PathType^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathType

Description

''PathType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on types of ''Path''.

  This is a primitive mechanism    
  to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.

Super-classes InheritableType^c

Pathogen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pathogen`
Description	A Pathogen is a life form that can cause disease in man or animals or plants. Prions that cause disease are classified here as pathogens; therefore Pathogens are not necessarily 'Infectious' - for that, use 'InfectiousAgent'. `NOTE: the WN and RHW glosses indicate that poisonous substanes that produce diseaasecan be considered 'pathogens'. In COSMO this type is only for the microorganisms. A'generic pathogen' might be added to include substances, if that usage is still crrent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pathogen' in Wordnet: 1. pathogen - (any disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism))`
Super-classes	LifeForm^c
Sub-classes	PathogenicVirus^c InfectiousAgent^c

PathogenType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathogenType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of 'Pathogen' as one of their arguments. All Organisms, plant, animal, microorganism, and individual ceell (as cancer cells) are of AgentType.
Super-classes	AgentType^c
Members	Pathogen Cancer

PathogenicBacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathogenicBacterium`
Description	A ''PathogenicBacterium'' is a ''Bacterium'' whose presence in the body may cause a ''BacterialInfection'' that is an ''AilmentCondition''.
Super-classes	Bacterium^c PathogenicMicroorganism^c
Sub-classes	SalmonellaTyphosa^c

PathogenicMicroorganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathogenicMicroorganism`
Description	A microrganism that can cause an infectious disease (see 'Infection') (in man or other animals). Note that pathogenic viruses are a separate category, because viruses are not classified here as organisms. `Also called 'Infectious Agent'.`
Super-classes	InfectiousAgent^c Microorganism^c
Sub-classes	LivingBiologicalAgent^c PathogenicBacterium^c

PathogenicVirus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PathogenicVirus`
Description	A PathogenicVirus is a Virus that can cause disease in man or other animals. Plant viruses are not included in this category.
Super-classes	Pathogen^c Virus^c
Sub-classes	HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus^c CoronaVirus^c Smallpox-Virus^c Measles-Virus^c

Pathologic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pathologic

Description

''Pathologic'' is a term that pertains to ''Pathology''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pathologic' in Wordnet:
          2. pathological, pathologic - (of or relating to the practice of pathology;
               'pathological laboratory')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Pathological^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pathological`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pathological' in Wordnet: 2. (1) pathological - (caused by or evidencing a mentally disturbed condition; 'a pathological liar'; 'a pathological urge to succeed')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Pathologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pathologist`
Description	Pathologists are doctors who are concerned with the causes or disease and the changes in structure and function produced in an organ or part of the body by disease. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pathologist' in WordNet: 1. (2) diagnostician, pathologist - (a doctor who specializes in medical diagnosis)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value MedicalDiagnosis^c

Pathology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pathology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pathology' in WordNet: 1. (2) pathology - (the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseases)`
Super-classes	LifeScience^c

Patience^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patience

Description

Feeling of a person that endures trials, pains, provocation or waiting calmly or without complaint.

        Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'patience' in WordNet;
          this is only the Feeling; the action of not doing anything
          is represented by 'Forbearance'.  in WordNet:
          1. (9) patience, forbearance, longanimity -
           (good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence)

Super-classes Calmness-Feeling^c

Patient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patient

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing Patience.

    This attribute has two adjective senses in WordNet, sense 1 apparently characterizes 
    a person's personality, and includes the internal quality of being Patient
      (though it also suggests behavior), and sense 2 appears to characterize
      specific behavior, being the lack of protest or complaint
      while being provoked.  This general COSMO sense of 'patient' includes
      both Wordnet senses:
      in WordNet:
        1. (3) patient - (enduring trying circumstances with even temper or
           characterized by such endurance; 'a patient smile'; 'was patient with the children';
           'an exact and patient scientist'; 'please be patient')
        2. patient - (enduring without protest or complaint)

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Patiently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patiently`
Description	''Patiently'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Agent was ''Patient'' when performing the Action, waiting as needed to continue or finish. . Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'patiently' in Wordnet: 1. (3) patiently, with patience - (in a patient manner; 'he patiently played with the child')
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Patio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patio`
Description	A ''Patio'' is an OpenArea adjacent on one side to a ''Building'' but not surrounded by structures (as is a ''Courtyard''), and open to the sky, where people can relax and/or take some fresh air while taking a break from working or performing the other activities that are performed inside `For a wooden use 'DeckOfaBuilding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patio' in WordNet: 1. patio, terrace - (usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence)`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c OutdoorRecreationArea^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some Building^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c

Patriarch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patriarch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'patriarch' in WordNet: 2. patriarch, paterfamilias - (the male head of family or tribe)`
Super-classes	Man^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Patriarchal^c isTheLeaderOf^op some (Tribe^c or Family-Human^c or GroupType^c)

Patriarchal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patriarchal

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'patriarchal' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) patriarchal - (characteristic of a form of social organization 
               in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line)
           2. patriarchal - (relating to or characteristic of a man who is older or higher in rank)

Super-classes MaleDominated^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Patriarchy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patriarchy`
Description	Other than ''Primogeniture'' what other traditions are a normal part of a ''Patriarchy''?? RHW: 1. a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patriarchy' in WordNet: 1. patriarchy, patriarchate - (a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line)`
Super-classes	SocialSystem^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Patriarchal^c hasComponentElement^op value Primogeniture^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MaleDominated^c

Patriot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patriot`
Description	A ''Patriot'' is a Citizen of some Country who loves his/her country sufficiently to perform some act of self-sacrifice to advance the interests of the country. Serving on the military is one example of an action that may be performed by a ''Patriot'. `A 'jingoist' who proclaims patriotism but does nothing constructive is not an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patriot' in WordNet: 1. (2) patriot, nationalist - (one who loves and defends his or her country)`
Super-classes	Citizen^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Patriotism^c
Sub-classes	Nationalist^c Chauvinist^c

Patriotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patriotic`
Description	Patriotic is an Attribute of a person who feels Patriotism, the love of one's country. 'Patriotic' is a subtype of 'Loyal' specifically directed at loyalty to one's country, indicating not merely a sense of duty, but actual love as the motivation for loyal behavior. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'patriotic' in WordNet: 1. (4) patriotic, loyal - (inspired by love for your country)`
Super-classes	Loyal^c
Sub-classes	Chauvinistic^c Nationalistic^c

Patriotism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patriotism`
Description	''Patriotism'' is a ''Loyalty'' directed at one's native or adopted country. For the exaggerated ''Patriotism'' that feels that other countries are competitors and the interests of one's own country should be the dominant foreign policy goal, use 'Nationalism''. For the exaggerated ''Patriotism'' that feels that the qualities of one's own country - people and culture - are so superior to those of other countries that other can be scorned, use 'Chauvinism''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patriotism' in WordNet: 1. (3) patriotism, nationalism - (love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it; 'they rode the same wave of popular patriotism'; 'British nationalism was in the air and patriotic sentiments ran high')
Super-classes	Loyalty^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Patriot^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Patriotic^c
Sub-classes	Chauvinism^c

Patrol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patrol`
Description	A GroupOfPeople who are in the process of ''Patrolling''. This is a Group, rather than an Organization since it may not be organized This is a Role sincea personorpersons may be part of a Patrol for a very short time, or only once. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patrol' in WordNet: 3. patrol - (a group that goes through a region at regular intervals for the purpose of security)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Patrolling^c hasAttributeValue^op value Protective^c

Patrolling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patrolling`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of patrolling done either by law enforcement agencies, #$Vigilantes or military units. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'patrol' and noun sense 2 in WordNet. (NOTE: the word 'control' probably should be'patrol'): in WordNet: 1. (5) patrol, police - (maintain the security of by carrying out a control) WN noun 'patrol': 2. (1) patrol - (the activity of going around or through an area at regular intervals for security purposes)`
Super-classes	GuardingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Patrol^c

Patronage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patronage`
Description	This ''Patronage'' is performed by a 'patron' (''Sponsor'') and may include financial support, advice, guidance, and making useful social or professional connections. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patronage' in WordNet: 1. (3) backing, backup, championship, patronage - (the act of providing approval and support; 'his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives')`
Super-classes	Approval-CommunicationAct^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Sponsor^c

Patsy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patsy`
Description	`Corresponds to and noun sense 1 of 'patsy' in Wordnet: 1. chump, fool, gull, mark, patsy, fall guy, sucker, soft touch, mug - (a person who is gullible and easy to take advantage of)`
Super-classes	PreyForCriminals^c

Pattern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pattern`
Description	This is the most general Type in which to collect patterns of different kinds - visual, sound patterns, numerical patterns, behavioral patterns, etc. This is a subtype of 'Configuration', some arrangement of a Group of Objects, but a 'Pattern' is recognizable by an Intelligent agent, and may have some significance. NOTE Many ''Pattern''s are created by IntelligentAgents, which make them a kind of MentalObject. But some things that can be conceived of as ''Pattern''s (regular recognizably distinct arrangements of things) can occur naturally or are present in geometric figures, which can be considered as having an existence indepedent of human minds. So the types of 'Pattern''s created by people are represened under the subtype ''Design''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pattern' in WordNet: 1. (29) form, shape, pattern - (a perceptual structure; the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them)
Super-classes	Feature^c Configuration^c
Sub-classes	Design^c TrendingPattern^c PlacementOfObjects^c VisualPattern^c PatternOfPoints^c

PatternOfLines^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatternOfLines`
Description	A 'PatternOfLines' is a Group of Linear things that have a specific spatial relation to each other, in any number of dimensions. This can be abstract or physical, and can be solid linear objects in space, or lines on a surface. `As a subtype of 'Specification', this must be defined by some intelligent agent. Note that although this is a Group that includes Lines in it, there must also be elements of the Group that relate the points to each other. @ToDo: this has not even begun to be formalized.`
Super-classes	VisualPattern^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (Line-Generic^c or LongAndThinObject^c)
Sub-classes	Stripes^c NetworkOfLines^c CrissCrossPattern^c

PatternOfPoints^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatternOfPoints`
Description	A 'PatternOfPoints' is a Group of 'SpacePoint's that have a specific spatial relation to each other, in any number of dimensions. `As a subtype of 'Specification', this must be defined by some intelligent agent. Note that although this is a Group that includes SpacePoints in it, there must also be elements of the Group that relate the points to each other. @ToDo: this has not even begun to be formalized.`
Super-classes	Pattern^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some SpacePoint^c
Sub-classes	RectangularPoints^c

PatternType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatternType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of Pattern as one of their arguments. `*NOTE* that this is a subtype of 'ObjectType''as well as ''QualitativeAttributeType'' even though 'QualitativeAttributes' and 'Objects' are disjoint. This does not violate the logic of COSMO, though it suggests that more thought is needed to categorize patterns.`
Super-classes	ObjectType^c QualitativeAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	ShapeType^c
Members	Fingerprint Alignment SpatialArangement VisualPattern Design Redesign Tandem SurfacePattern Openness Pattern TrendingPattern PatternOfPoints PlacementOfObjects

Patterned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patterned`
Description	An Attribute of a surface that has some pattern that can be named and recognized by many people. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'patterned' in WordNet: 1. patterned - (having patterns (especially colorful patterns))`
Super-classes	SurfaceAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ColorNetworked^c Spotted^c Striped^c

Patting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Patting`
Description	A ''TouchingDeliberately'' in which a Person intentionally lightly touches an Object (usually a Person or an animal) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pat' in WordNet: 1. (11) chuck, pat - (pat or squeeze fondly or playfully, especially under the chin) 2. (2) dab, pat - (hit lightly; 'pat him on the shoulder')`
Super-classes	TouchingDeliberately^c UsingTheHand^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	HighFives^c

Paucity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paucity`
Description	A ''Paucity'' is an '''Insufficiency'' of something useful that is available for use for some Agent but is much less than enough for the purpose for which that Agent wants to use the material . `Includes noun sense 1 of 'paucity' and sense 1 of 'scarcity' (difference??) in WordNet: 1. (1) dearth, paucity - (an insufficient quantity or number) WN noun 'scarcity': 1. (1) scarcity, scarceness - (a small and inadequate amount)`
Super-classes	Insufficiency^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Scarce^c

Pauper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pauper`
Description	A ''Pauper'' is a ''PoorPerson'' at the lowest level of income. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pauper' in Wordnet: 1. pauper, poor man - (a person who is very poor)`
Super-classes	PoorPerson^c
Sub-classes	Beggar^c

Pause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pause`
Description	Any temporary cessation (a 'PersistentState') of an ongoing activity, whether planned by the actor(s) or forced by an unplanned Event. This includes interruptions of activities by people unexpectedly arriving; planned recesses at meetings; time-outs in sports events, pauses in speaking, or simple rest breaks in any activity. This type is an Event representing the state of the activities during the Pause in action. This is not the Event that caused the Pause (an 'InterruptingEvent') nor the TimeInterval during which the Pause takes place (an 'Intermission') NOTE A ''Pause'' is a ''PersistentState'' at the start of which some Event that had been occurring pauses and during which that Event does not occur, and after which the Event resumes. The co-occurring ''TimeInterval'' is represented as an ''Intermission'' For intentional planned recesses at meetings; time-outs in sports events, or simple rest breaks in any activity, use 'Recess'. The time interval for a pause is represented by ''Intermission''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pause' in WordNet: 2. (3) pause - (temporary inactivity)
Super-classes	Hiatus^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value Intermission^c
Sub-classes	Abeyance^c StateOfWar^c Standstill^c CeaseFire^c Recess^c

PausingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PausingAction`
Description	A ''PausingAction'' is an Action in which some Agent intentionally stops some ongoing Action with the expectation that the action stopped may be resumed in a ''Resuming'' Event. Categorizing an Action as a ''PausingAction'' does not necessarily imply that the Action paused was subsequently resumed, as some Event may intervene to prevent the resumption. For an intended permanent cessation of an Action use ''QuittingAction'' NOTE @r1533: stopping, starting, pausing and resuming and quitting are Roles for Events that are subEvents of the parent events that are stopped, started, paused, resumed or quit. See: ''StoppingEvent'' ''StartingAnAction'' ''Resuming'' ''PausingAction'' ''QuittingAction'' Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'pause' in WordNet: 1. (23) hesitate, pause - (interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing; 'The speaker paused') 2. (12) pause, intermit, break - (cease an action temporarily; 'We pause for station identification'; 'let's break for lunch')
Super-classes	Role^c StoppingEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some Action^c causes^op some Pause^c
Sub-classes	Faltering^c PausingHostilities^c

PausingHostilities^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PausingHostilities`
Description	''PausingHostilities'' is a ''PausingAction'' in which some ''War'' or similar Action is paused, leading to a ''CeaseFire''
Super-classes	PausingAction^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some War^c causes^op value CeaseFire^c

Paved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paved

Description

''Paved'' is an AttributeValue of some part of the Ground that has been covered with a ''PavedSurface'' in a ''PavingEvent''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paved' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) paved - (covered with a firm surface)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

PavedRoadway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavedRoadway`
Description	Any paved ''Roadway''.
Super-classes	PublicProperty^c Roadway^c PavedSurface^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value RoadwayPavement^c

PavedSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavedSurface`
Description	For external paved surfaces only, not inside buildings. Any form of paving, with concrete, asphalt, or other material that forms a hard pathway on the surface of the ground, including a series of flat stones that is suitable for walking, are included, This is a ''SupportingSurface'' that can be used for any kind of movement, by foot or vehicle. `Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'pavement' in WordNet: 1. (2) pavement, paving - (the paved surface of a thoroughfare) 3. (1) sidewalk, pavement - (walk consisting of a paved area for pedestrians; usually beside a street or roadway)`
Super-classes	OpaqueObject^c Coating^c SolidObject^c SupportingSurface^c ConstructionArtifact^c FixedStructure^c HorizontalSurface^c FlatObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c enablesOrAssists^op value Traffic^c isAbove-Touching^op some Ground^c wasCreatedBy^op value PavingEvent^c isLocatedAt^op value Outdoors^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	RoadwayPavement^c PavedWalkway^c Tarmac^c HardPavement^c PavedRoadway^c

PavedWalkway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavedWalkway`
Description	Any paved ''Footpath'' located ''Outdoors''. The subtype ''Sidewalk'' is located adjacent to a roadway.
Super-classes	PavedSurface^c Footpath^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Walking^c
Sub-classes	Promenade^c Sidewalk^c

Pavilion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pavilion

Description

This sense of ''Pavilion'' is not in Wordnet. This ''Pavilion'' is not used as a residence, but for special occasions.

        RHW 'pavilion':
          1.  a light, usually open building used for shelter,
            concerts, exhibits, etc., as in a park or fair.

Super-classes Building^c

PavilionTent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavilionTent`
Description	`NOTE: 'marquee' in this sense is mostly British usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pavilion' in WordNet: 1. pavilion, marquee - (large and often sumptuous tent)`
Super-classes	Tent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

PavingAsphalt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavingAsphalt`
Description	''PavingAsphalt' is a mixture of ''Asphalt'' (tar from natural oils) and gravel-like rock. This is the ''SemiSolidSubstance'' 'asphalt' used in paving, which hardens after application to a pathway bed in a ''PavingaPathway'' Action. `NOTE: the 'asphalt' for roofing mentioned in the WN gloss should be represented by the parent type''Asphalt'' unless a distinction is needed.in which case a new subtype will be needed. This is for paving stuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asphalt' in WordNet: 1. (1) asphalt - (mixed asphalt and crushed gravel or sand; used especially for paving but also for roofing)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c SemiSolidSubstance^c Mixture^c PavingMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Gravel^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Asphalt^c

PavingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavingEvent`
Description	A ''PavingEvent'' is a subtype of ''Constructing'', in which a ''PavedSurface'' is created. Any form of paving, with concrete, asphalt, or other material that creates a hard surface on the ground is included, `This can include paving with gravel. The subtype ''PavingaPathway'' is restricted to paving with materials that harden to form a ''Pavement''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pave' in WordNet: 1. pave - (cover with a material such as stone or concrete to make suitable for vehicle traffic; "pave the roads in the village")`
Super-classes	BuildingSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op some PavedSurface^c
Sub-classes	PavingaPathway^c

PavingMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavingMaterial`
Description	''PavingMaterial'' is a ''SemiSolidSubstance'' which is a mixture of some semiliquid substance that solidifes, as the cement portion of concrete or the tar portion of ''PavingAsphalt'', plus some solid stone granular material mixed in. `Such materials may be usable in Actions other than ''PavingaPathway''; for example, ''Concrete'' has many applications in building structures. ''PavingAsphalt'' differs from the 'asphalt' used in roofing by having more sone gravel included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paving material' in WordNet: 1. paving material - (material used for pavement)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value PavingaPathway^c
Sub-classes	Macadam^c Concrete^c Tarmacadam^c PavingAsphalt^c

PavingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavingType`
Description	''PavingType'' is a specialized subtype of 'SemiSolidSubstanceType' used to express assertions about ''PavingMaterial''s.
Super-classes	SemiSolidSubstanceType^c
Members	Macadam PavingMaterial Concrete Tarmacadam PavingAsphalt

PavingaPathway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PavingaPathway`
Description	'PavingaPathway' is an Action in which a base layer of some ''PathArtifact'' is coated with a durable substance that can solidify and provide a durable surface on which to travel, whether by foot (e.g. a sidewalk) or by wheeled vehicles. Paving material can be concrete or asphalt, but just a applying gravel or crushed stone is not an instance of this type, as the surface is not considered as a ''Pavement''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pave' in WordNet: 1. pave - (cover with a material such as stone or concrete to make suitable for vehicle traffic; "pave the roads in the village")`
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c CoveringSomething^c PavingEvent^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value PavingType^c hadObjectModified^op value PathArtifact^c produced^op value HardPavement^c consumes^op some PavingType^c

Paw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paw

Description

A specialization of #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of this collection is a padded, furry foot found on some non-human mammals (e.g. #$Cats, #$Dogs).

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paw' in WordNet:
            1. (2) paw - (a clawed foot of an animal especially a quadruped)

Super-classes Foot^c

Pawl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pawl`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pawl' in WordNet: 1. pawl, detent, click, dog - (a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward)`
Super-classes	PhysicalRestraint^c Device^c

Pawn-ChessPiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pawn-ChessPiece

Description

Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess pawn.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pawn' in WordNet:
         3. pawn - ((chess) the least powerful piece; moves only forward 
           and captures only to the side; it can be promoted to a more powerful piece
            if it reaches the 8th rank)

Super-classes ChessPiece^c

Payable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Payable

Description

''Payable'' is a subtype of ''Owed'' characterizing a sum of money that belongs by right to one person that under the control of or is in the possesson of another person, that should, by virtue of law or justice, be given to the one person within some specified period of time. This is usually applied to debts incurred for services or goods transferred by the other person to the one person owing the money.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'payable' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) collectible, collectable, payable - (subject to or 
          requiring payment especially as specified; 'a collectible bill';
          'a note payable on demand'; 'a check payable to John Doe')

Super-classes Owed^c

PayableFine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayableFine

Description

A 'PayableFine' is a 'MonetaryDebt', created by a 'Fining' Action, that someone is obligated to pay. After being paid, as with other debts, the 'PayableFine' no longer exists, except in history.

     NOTE: the WN hierarchy has a 'payment' as one parent,but that is the actual
       transfer of money. This sense of 'fine' is the obligation to pay, which may never be 
       executed.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fine' in WordNet:
     1. fine, mulct, amercement - (money extracted as a penalty)

Super-classes MonetaryDebt^c

Paycheck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paycheck`
Description	A ''Paycheck'' can be compensation for a PaidTask'' performed over any period of time; it can be one-time or periodic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paycheck' in WordNet: 1. paycheck, payroll check - (a check issued in payment of wages or salary)`
Super-classes	Compensation^c Check-TenderObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Wage^c wasaQuidForQuo^op value PaidTask^c

Payer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Payer`
Description	A ''Payer'' is an agent that 'pays' for something - i.e. that performs the action of ''Paying''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'payer' in WordNet: 1. payer, remunerator - (a person who pays money for something)`
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c LegalAgent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some Paying^c
Sub-classes	TaxPayer^c

Paying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Paying`
Description	COSMO note: this is the generic 'paying' which can be done with money or with some goods or services in exchange for other goods or services, or to repay some form of ''Debt''. The Paying can be done directly, by handing over currency, or by mail or over the telephone, or internet. This is the most generic sense of 'pay'. For paying with money (rather than with goods or services) use 'PayingWithMoney'. Cyc: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType. Each instance of #$Paying is an instance of #$TransferringOwnership in which one agent (the #$payer) transfers something of value to another agent (the #$toPossessor) in exchange for some goods or services rendered (or to be rendered). In each instance of #$Paying, the #$payer gives the payee #$FullUseRights to the thing(s) transferred to the payee. See the #$SharedNoteOnTheDifferenceBetweenPayingAndSpending. Corresponds to verb senses 1, 5, and 10 of 'pay' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please') 5. (42) pay up, ante up, pay - (cancel or discharge a debt; 'pay up, please!') 10. (2) pay - (discharge or settle; 'pay a debt'; 'pay an obligation')
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c TransferringOwnership^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Payer^c
Sub-classes	PayingWithMoney^c CheckingOutPurchases^c Bribing^c RepaymentEvent^c

PayingAttention^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingAttention`
Description	To 'pay attention' is to intentionally use some sense faculty - usually hearing or seeing - to learn what is present or occurring. This Actoin requires some degree of ''Concentrating''. This is the opposite of 'ignoring'. NOTE: The more specific 'paying attention' to what another Person is saying is represented by the subtype ''ListeningAttentively''. The verb sense of 'attend' that includes paying attention to what one is doing - e.g. some detaled task - is not included in WN, but is included here. 'attend to your work'; 'pay attention to the details' Includes but is broader than WN noun 'paying attention': in WordNet: 1. attentiveness, heed, regard, paying attention - (paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people); 'his attentiveness to her wishes'; 'he spends without heed to the consequences')
Super-classes	Perceiving-Voluntary^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Concentrating^c
Sub-classes	ListeningAttentively^c HardWork^c Staring^c Obsession^c Concentrating^c

PayingInCash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingInCash`
Description	Called 'PayingWithCurrency' in Cyc. Instances of PayingInCash are actions in which one person pays directly, in person, some 'CurrencyObject' to another. Sending money through the mail or a wire transfer are not instances of this type of Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pay' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please')`
Super-classes	PayingWithMoney^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some CurrencyObject^c

PayingOutaPension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingOutaPension`
Description	''PayingOutaPension'' is a ''PayingPeriodically'' where the payments are made to carry out a Pension obligation of some Organization to a Retiree. `This would be the referent for phrases like 'I receive a pension fromXYX' The term 'pension' is also used for the individual payments, but the distinction is not represented in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pension' in WordNet: 1. (4) pension - (a regular payment to a person that is intended to allow them to subsist without working)`
Super-classes	PayingPeriodically^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some Retiree^c hasComponentElement^op value MakingaPensionPayment^c

PayingPeriodically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingPeriodically`
Description	''PayingPeriodically''is a ''PayingWithMoney'' where the payments occur periodically, usually but not necessarily at fixed time intervals (personal loans may be repayed sporadically).
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c PayingWithMoney^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value InstallmentPayment^c
Sub-classes	PayingOutaPension^c

PayingTaxes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingTaxes`
Description	''PayingTaxes''is any ''PayingWithMoney'' 'PayingWithCurrency' in Cyc. Instances of PayingInCash are actions in which one person pays directly, in person, some 'CurrencyObject' to another. Sending money through the mail or a wire transfer are not instances of this type of Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pay' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please')`
Super-classes	PayingWithMoney^c PayingaFee^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value TaxPayer^c

PayingWithMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingWithMoney`
Description	Paying for good or services by transferring money; the money can be transferred by directly handing over currency, or via cjeck, credit or debit card, bank transfer, PayPal, or any other means of paying with the direct equivalent of cash. For paying in person with physical currency, use 'PayingInCash'. This is an 'Action' and the primary agent is the one making the payment, not the one receiving the payment. COSMO note: What is transferred can be an Object representing some MoneyObject, such as a piece of Currency. Corresponds to verb senses 1, 5, and 10 of 'pay' and sense 2 of 'payment' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please') 5. (42) pay up, ante up, pay - (cancel or discharge a debt; 'pay up, please!') 10. (2) pay - (discharge or settle; 'pay a debt'; 'pay an obligation') WN noun 'payment': 2. (23) payment, defrayal, defrayment - (the act of paying money)
Super-classes	Paying^c MoneyTransaction^c MoneyTransfer^c
Sub-classes	RepayingWithMoney^c Payout^c PayingaFee^c Refunding^c InstallmentPayment^c MakingaPaymentOnTime^c PayingaRoyalty^c PayingInCash^c SpendingMoney^c One-TimePayment^c PayingTaxes^c PayingPeriodically^c

PayingaFee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingaFee`
Description	''PayingaFee''is any ''PayingWithMoney'' in what is received in return for the payment is some form of 'fee'
Super-classes	PayingWithMoney^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some FeePayment^c
Sub-classes	PayingaRoadToll^c PayingaRoyalty^c PayingTaxes^c

PayingaRoadToll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingaRoadToll`
Description	''PayingaRoadToll''is a ''PayingaFee'' which can be a ''PayingWithMoney'' but may be a paying by some other means such as automatic toll collection by EZ-Pass (in the Eastern USA) . `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pay' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please')`
Super-classes	PayingaFee^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value RoadVehicleDriver^c typicallyOccursAt^op value TollBooth^c

PayingaRoyalty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PayingaRoyalty`
Description	''PayingaRoyalty''is a ''PayingaFee'' for the commercial use of a ''Patent'' or ''Copyright''
Super-classes	PayingWithMoney^c PayingaFee^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Licensee^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op value UsingaPatentOrCopyright^c

PaymentAmount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaymentAmount`
Description	'PaymentAmount is a MoneyObject that is received in a 'ReceivingMoney' event. This is not the payment event, but the MoneyObject (an amount of money) transferred in a PayingWithMoney Event. This Object is the participant in any Event where a person receives money, regardless of whether the payment was earned, extorted, payment of royalties, gambling winnings, earnings on an investment, a gift of money, or any other source. For every receiving of money, there is a giving of money; this type can be used to represent a sum given as well as a sum received. Payments have two aspects, from the point of view of the payer (a disbursement), and from the receiver (income). This type is a MoneyObject, the thing transferred during a transaction, and it does not distinguish between the facets depending on point of view, unless it also is a subtype of Role, and then the same MoneyObject may take on two different Roles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'payment' in WordNet: 1. (32) payment - (a sum of money paid)`
Super-classes	CostOfPurchase^c AbstractObject^c MoneyObject^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some PayingWithMoney^c
Sub-classes	Profit^c Refund^c PeriodicPayment^c RoyaltyFee^c Pittance^c FeePayment^c Proceeds^c Residuals^c Remuneration^c MoneyDeposit^c InsurancePremiumPayment^c

PaymentRequestContent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PaymentRequestContent`
Description	In Cyc called 'Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT' Cyc: A collection of abstract (informational) objects; a subset of #$TextMicrotheory. Each element of #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT is a formal request for payment (for products or services); the informational content of a #$Bill-PaymentRequest. Typically, this information includes the name and address of the billing agent; the name, address, account number (if there is one) of the debtor; the amount owed and where/how/when to remit it. For a Physical document representing a 'PaymentRequestContent' (which does not have to exist) use 'Bill-PaymentRequest'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'charge' in WordNet, and perhaps to sense 4; however the WordNet sense 4 is a hyponym of 'request, asking' which is a 'Speech act', and this is not an Action, but the abstract content of the request for payment (for athe Action of requesting payment use 'RequestingPayment'); and WN sense 7 is a hyponym of 'liability', to which this type is not related. There is no WordNet sense that corresponds closely to this type. in WordNet: WN noun 'charge': 4. (75) charge, billing - (request for payment of a debt; 'they submitted their charges at the end of each month') 7. (23) charge - (financial liabilities (such as a tax); 'the charges against the estate')
Super-classes	RequestContent^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only Bill-PaymentRequest^c
Sub-classes	Levy^c

Payout^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Payout

Description

''Payout'' is form of ''PayingWithMoney'' in which some party pays money to another for obligations not part of a routine 'buying' nor as a salary nor for any work performed. There is no WN sense fo this, and the closest sense of 'payout' is found in RHUDEL 'payout' noun sense 2: " money paid, expended, or disbursed, as a dividend or winning: 'He went to the betting window to collect his payout'. " This is commonly used to reference collecting money won in a Casino or at a Racetrack or from a lottery.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pay out' in WordNet:
           1. (3) disburse, pay out - (pay out)

Super-classes PayingWithMoney^c

Payroll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Payroll`
Description	A ''Payroll'' is a ''Register'' representing a ''WageList'' (a List of ''Employee''s and their ''Wage''s). `NOTE: WN is ambiguous about whether a 'payroll' is a physical 'book' or the more abstract Lst that can be represented in sucha book. The WN 'payroll' is represented by both this physical ''Payroll' and it abstract representation ''WageList''. Corresponds to the physical noun sense 1 of 'payroll' in WordNet: 1. (1) payroll, paysheet - (a list of employees and their salaries; 'the company had a long payroll')`
Super-classes	DocumentaryRecord^c Register^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value WageList^c

Pea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pea`
Description	This is a single pea, the soft fruit of the PeaPlant. A bunch of ''Pea''s would be the foodstuff ''Peas''. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'pea' in WordNet: 1. (3) pea - (seed of a pea plant used for food) 2. pea - (the fruit or seed of a pea plant)`
Super-classes	Seed^c Fruit^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value PeaPlant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c

PeaPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeaPlant

Description

Individual pea plants.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pea plant' in WordNet:
        1. pea, pea plant - (a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum 
          with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds)

Super-classes Vegetable-Plant^c
Legume-ThePlant^c

Peace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peace`
Description	A 'Peace' is a PersistentState characterized by the Absence of War. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peace' in WordNet: 1. (13) peace - (the state prevailing during the absence of war)`
Super-classes	Absence^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value War^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Peaceful^c hadMissingThing^op value War^c
Sub-classes	WorldPeace^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PermanentWorldPeace

PeaceOfMind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeaceOfMind`
Description	Each 'PeaceOfMind' is a PersistentState experienced by some Person, characterized by the Absence of anxiety. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'peace' in WordNet: 3. (6) peace, peacefulness, peace of mind, repose, serenity, heartsease, ataraxis - (the absence of mental stress or anxiety)`
Super-classes	Calmness-Feeling^c Absence^c MentalComfort^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Peaceful^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Anxiety^c

Peaceful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peaceful

Description

The attribute of a PersistentState in which there is no War or Dispute or Anxiety. This is the attribute of the states 'Peace' and 'PeacefulRelations'

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'peaceful' in WordNet:
       1. (5) peaceful - (not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war;
       'a peaceful nation'; 'peaceful times'; 'a far from peaceful Christmas';
       'peaceful sleep')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PeacefulRelations^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeacefulRelations`
Description	A 'PeacefulRelations' is a PersistentState characterized by the Absence of dispute; this is usually instantiated with respect to two or more specific parties that are not in dispute. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peace' in WordNet, and may include sense 1 of 'harmony': in WordNet: 2. (6) peace - (harmonious relations; freedom from disputes; 'the roommates lived in peace together') WN noun 'harmony': 1. (6) harmony, harmoniousness - (compatibility in opinion and action)`
Super-classes	Absence^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Peaceful^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value DisputeEvent^c

Peacefully^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peacefully`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'peacefully' in Wordnet: 1. (2) peacefully - (in a peaceful manner; 'the hen settled herself on the nest most peacefully')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Peacekeeper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peacekeeper`
Description	''Peacekeeping'' is a `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peacekeeper' in WordNet: 1. peacekeeper - (a member of a military force that is assigned (often with international sanction) to preserve peace in a trouble area)`
Super-classes	Soldier^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Peacekeeping^c

Peacekeeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peacekeeping`
Description	''Peacekeeping'' is an Action by a military force to 'maintain peace', i.e.to inhibit hostilities between groups in some area that have been fighting each other. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peacekeeping' in WordNet: 1. peacekeeping, peacekeeping mission, peacekeeping operation - (the activity of keeping the peace by military forces (especially when international military forces enforce a truce between hostile groups or nations))`
Super-classes	MilitaryOperation^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Peacekeeper^c

Peacenik^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peacenik`
Description	A ''Peacenik'' is a ''Pacifist'' whose views opposing War are less formal and based on intuition and Feeling rather than analytical reasoning. `The term 'dove' is often applied to a Person who is opposed to a particular ''War'' or to those who support a War. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peacenik' in WordNet: 1. dove, peacenik - (someone who prefers negotiations to armed conflict in the conduct of foreign relations)`
Super-classes	Pacifist^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value OpposingWar^c
Sub-classes	Hippie^c

Peach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peach`
Description	A Drupe typically three to four inches in diameter, with a characteristic fuzzy skin, and soft, sweet, light yellow flesh. It is the seed of the tree Prunus persica, of the rose family. the color of the mature fruit may vary somewhat over a single fruit from yellowish to light reddish, with a characteristic pinkish-yellow color that is the hue called 'peach'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peach' in Wordnet: 3. peach - (downy juicy fruit with sweet yellowish or whitish flesh)`
Super-classes	Drupe^c EdibleFruit^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 8.0^c

Peacock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peacock`
Description	"HeadCrest" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peacock' in WordNet: 2. (2) peacock - (male peafowl; having a crested head and very large fanlike tail marked with iridescent eyes or spots)
Super-classes	MaleAnimal^c Peafowl^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasBodyPart^op value HeadCrest^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Crested^c typicallyHasBodyPart^op value PeacockTail^c

PeacockTail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeacockTail`
Description	A ''PeacockTail'' is the distinctive ''BirdTail'' of a ''Peacock''..
Super-classes	BirdTail^c
Restrictions	mayBeaBodyPartOf^op value Peacock^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Beautiful^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BrilliantlyColored^c

Peafowl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peafowl`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peafowl' in WordNet: 1. peafowl, bird of Juno - (very large terrestrial southeast Asian pheasant often raised as an ornamental bird)`
Super-classes	Pheasant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	Peacock^c

Peak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peak`
Description	This most general sense of ''Peak'' represents the ''Highest' or ''Maximum'' ''Part'' of anything. `See subtypes for For a quantifier meaning 'maximum value' use ''PeakValue''.`
Super-classes	Part^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Greatest^c
Sub-classes	PeakValue^c Vertex^c LimitingValue^c

PeakValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeakValue`
Description	A ''PeakValue'' is the highest value for some ''QuantitativeAttributeValue'' in some context, which could be time dependent. This is a very general type. This includes, for example, the highest reading of some quantity on some measuring device for some interval of time for some property of some Object or System. Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 1 of 'peak' in WordNet; WN gloss says 'maximum possible' but this ''Peak'' can merely be the maximu value attained in some time or location of object, though much larger values are possible, as suested by the gloss 'voltage peak' when certainly higher voltages are possible at other times or in other systems.: in WordNet: 1. (6) extremum, peak - (the most extreme possible amount or value; 'voltage peak')
Super-classes	Limit^c Peak^c
Restrictions	isaLimitOnAttributeType^op value QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

Peanut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peanut`
Description	This is the whole peanut, including the shell. CYC 'PeanutPod': The fruit of the peanut plant; contains edible seeds [peanuts]. Peanut pods are unusual in that the shoot bearing the pod elongates, pushing the pod underground as it starts to form; the peanut pod then matures underground. Includes noun senses 1 and 4 of 'peanut' in Wordnet: 1. peanut - (underground pod of the peanut vine) 4. peanut, earthnut, goober, goober pea, groundnut, monkey nut - (pod of the peanut vine containing usually 2 nuts or seeds; 'groundnut' and 'monkey nut' are British terms)
Super-classes	ShapedThing^c MarbleSizedObject^c Nut-TheFruit^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PeanutKernel^c isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value PeanutPlant^c hasPhysicalPart^op value PeanutShell^c

PeanutButter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeanutButter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peanut butter' in Wordnet: 1. (3) peanut butter - (a spread made from ground peanuts)`
Super-classes	Paste^c FoodIngredientOnly^c

PeanutKernel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeanutKernel`
Description	This is the soft inner edible part of a peanut, excluding the shell.
Super-classes	EdibleNut^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value Peanut^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c

PeanutOil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeanutOil

Description

Oil pressed from the dried seeds of peanuts.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peanut oil' in Wordnet:
         1. peanut oil, groundnut oil - (a oil from peanuts; used in cooking and making soap; 
           'groundnut oil' is British usage)

Super-classes VegetableOil^c

PeanutPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeanutPlant`
Description	CYC: The plant that gives us the Peanut. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peanut' in Wordnet: 2. peanut, peanut vine, Arachis hypogaea - (widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground)`
Super-classes	Vine^c LegumeOrder^c Legume-ThePlant^c
Restrictions	bearsFruitType^op value Peanut^c

PeanutShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeanutShell`
Description	The outer shell of a ''Peanut''. Represented here beause it has a distinctive easily identifiable shape..
Super-classes	NutShell^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Peanut^c surrounds-3D^op value PeanutKernel^c

Peanuts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peanuts`
Description	This is the food consisting of some quantity of ''Peanut''s.
Super-classes	SnackFood^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c hasUnitObject^op value Peanut^c

Pear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pear`
Description	A Fruit that is produced by the tree Pyrus communis, of the rose family. Its profile shape (when oriented with the stem at the top and viewed from the Its profile shape (when oriented with the stem at the top and viewed from the side) is almost spherical at the bottom part, but tapering to a narrower diameter at the top near the stem. The shape is sufficently distinctive to be recognizable as a silhouette. `A Pear is sufficiently distorted from a sphere that it does not qualify as a 'RoundObject' - the ShapeType ''PearShaped'' arose from the distinctive shape of the ''Pear''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pear' in Wordnet: 1. (3) pear - (sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value PearShaped^c

PearShaped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PearShaped`
Description	'PearShaped' is a distinctive rounded shape that at one end is close to spherical or Ovoidal, but narrows at the other end almost to a tube shape. This is the characteristic shape of a ''Pear''.
Super-classes	Round^c

Pearl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pearl`
Description	A natural 'pearl', which may be cultured. The 'largest' is: The Pearl of Lao Tzu (also referred to as Pearl of Lao Tze and previously as Pearl of Allah) is the largest known pearl in the world. The pearl was found in the Palawan sea, which surrounds the island of Palawan in the Philippines, and was found by a Filipino diver. It is not considered a gemstone pearl, but is instead what is known as a 'clam pearl' or 'Tridacna pearl' from a giant clam. It measures 24 centimeters in diameter (9.45 inches) and weighs 6.4 kilograms (14.1 lb). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pearl' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pearl - (a smooth lustrous round structure inside the shell of a clam or oyster; much valued as a jewel)
Super-classes	SmallObject^c CrystallineObject^c Jewel^c BallLikeObject^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 24.0^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.6^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Oyster^c

Peas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peas`
Description	This is the food consisting of some quantity of ''Pea''s. `Similar to CYC 'Pea-Foodstuff': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pea' in WordNet: 3. pea, pea plant - (a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c CommodityProduct^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value Pea^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c

Peasant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peasant

Description

A ''Peasant'' is a ''Rustic'' who works in agriculture.

     NOTE: WN seems to have the hierarchy of 'rustic' and 'peasant'
       confused,  This type includes the WN senses 1and 2of 'peasant',
       as the difference is unclear.

     Includesnoun senses 1 and 2 of 'peasant' in WordNet:
       1. (6) peasant, provincial, bucolic - (a country person)
       2. (1) peasant - (one of a (chiefly European) class of agricultural laborers)

Super-classes Rustic^c

Peat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peat`
Description	CYC: The collection of all pieces of peat, a kind of partially decomposed vegetable matter formed by the partial decomposition of aquatic and semiaquatic #$Plants. #$Peat is found naturally occurring in various kinds of #$Wetlands in temperate climates and consists mostly of #$Water. Peat has many uses, e.g. as mulch, as a soil conditioner, as an insulating material and, when dried (see #$Peat-Dried), as fuel. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peat' in WordNet: 1. peat - (partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried)`
Super-classes	VegetableMatter^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Peat-Dried^c

Peat-Dried^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peat-Dried`
Description	This is a substance in COSMO - in CYC it is treated as an Object. `CYC: The collection of all pieces of peat after they have been dried out.`
Super-classes	CombustibleFuelSubstance^c VegetableMatter^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Drying^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Peat^c isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Peat^c

Pebble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pebble`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pebble' in WordNet: 1. (5) pebble - (a small smooth rounded rock)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c StoneObject-Natural^c

Pecan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pecan`
Description	in CYC 'Pecan-TheNut' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pecan' in WordNet: 3. pecan - (smooth brown oval nut of south central United States)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Nut-TheFruit^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value PecanTree^c

PecanTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PecanTree

Description

Tree native to temperate North America, yielding tasty nuts. These nuts have the highest fat content of any vegetable product, and a caloric value close to butter!

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pecan tree' and sense 2 of 'pecan' in WordNet:
          2. pecan, pecan tree, Carya illinoensis, Carya illinoinsis - 
          (tree of southern United States and Mexico cultivated for its nuts)

Super-classes Tree^c
FruitTree^c
DeciduousPlant^c

Peck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peck

Description

This ''Peck'' is a Unit of volume including both the United States 'peck' and the British 'pecks', which are close but can be differentiated when needed.

      Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'peck' in WordNet:
        2. peck - (a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 2 gallons)
        3. peck - (a United States dry measure equal to 8 quarts or 537.605 cubic inches)

Super-classes UnitOfMeasure^c

Pecking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pecking

Description

An Event in which some Animal intentionally touches something else (usually another Animal or some food object) briefly. This is mostly used for birds with sharp beaks.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peck' in WordNet:
         1. (3) peck, pick, beak - (hit lightly with a picking motion)

Super-classes TouchingDeliberately^c

PeckingAtFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeckingAtFood`
Description	''PeckingAtFood'' is an EatingEvent that is performed by a Person in small amounts at a time, and slowly, and sometimes leaves food uneaten. This is done by someone who is not hungry, or distracted by some concern. This is a contrasting action to 'devouring' or 'wolfing down' food. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peck at' in WordNet: 1. pick at, peck at, peck - (eat like a bird; 'The anorexic girl just picks at her food')`
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

Pedagogical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pedagogical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pedagogical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pedagogical, pedagogic - (of or relating to pedagogy; 'pedagogical significance')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Pedal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pedal`
Description	''Pedal'' is the generic 'pedal' that includes the pedals on bicycles and tricycles and also the pedals on stationary devices such as pianos and organs, and on devices used to cause some kind of motion in a machine, usually to perform some useful working task (e.g. the treadle on a non-electrical sewing machine). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pedal' in WordNet: 2. pedal, treadle, foot pedal, foot lever - (a lever that is operated with the foot)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c Device-UserPowered^c Lever^c
Sub-classes	WheelPedal^c

Pedaling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pedaling`
Description	Any Event that is a pair of ''PushingEvent''s in which a Person pushes one or two 'pedals', one time each alternately with each foot. This is usually repeated as a subEvent in a ''RidingaBicycle'' Action, or as when 'pedaling' the powering foot pedal of a human-powered sewing machine. or of a turntable. CYC: Pedaling once on each pedal. A physical activity in which legs are pumped in a circular motion as if driving a crankshaft. Pedaling consists of #$LiftingALeg and #$PushingAnObject, one time with each leg. Normal pedaling events consist of lots of #$Pedaling sub-events. This unit was broken down to this degree of granularity so that we could more easily talk about the #$anatomicalResourceRequired, namely, 2 legs and 2 feet. NOTE: the WN 'pedal' is for repeated actions of this kind. See ''RidingaBicycle' for one example of repeated 'Pedaling'' actions.
Super-classes	PushingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value BothLegs^c hadObjectMoved^op min 1

Pedant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pedant`
Description	A Person who `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pedant' in WordNet: 1. pedant, bookworm, scholastic - (a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit)`
Super-classes	Scholar^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Studious^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Scholarly^c

Pedantic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pedantic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pedantic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) academic, donnish, pedantic - (marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Pedantry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pedantry`
Description	''Pedantry'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a high level of book learning, though without direct relevance to the topic at hand. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pedantry' in WordNet: 1. pedantry - (an ostentatious and inappropriate display of learning)`
Super-classes	DisplayingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pedantic^c

Peddler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peddler`
Description	A ''Peddler'' is a ''Vendor'' (seller) who is an individual Person (not an Organization) who sells things in person, on a small scale, by traveling from place to place with her/his wares (PhysicalObjects). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peddler' in WordNet: 1. (3) peddler, pedlar, packman, hawker, pitchman - (someone who travels about selling his wares (as on the streets or at carnivals))`
Super-classes	Vendor^c Person^c
Restrictions	sells^op some PhysicalObjectType^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Peddling^c

Peddling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peddling`
Description	''Peddling'' is a ''RetailSale'' performed by a merchant who goes from place to place to sell his/her wares. this includes merhants who sell from a mobile cart, even if the cart is usually located in one location, as a street hot dog vender or lunch wagon. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peddle' in WordNet: 1. (2) peddle, monger, huckster, hawk, vend, pitch - (sell or offer for sale from place to place)`
Super-classes	Selling^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Peddler^c hasEndingPlace^op value Consumer^c

Pedestal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pedestal`
Description	This ''Pedestal'' is a base for something it supports, is taller than it is wide (in any direction), and is closed, not supported by 'legs', and is at least four feet high. This does not include small 'pedestal's for statuettes or lamp. `Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 3 of 'pedestal' in WordNet: 1. (1) base, pedestal, stand - (a support or foundation; "the base of the lamp") 3. pedestal, plinth, footstall - (an architectural support or base (as for a column or statue))`
Super-classes	BaseOfObject^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 120.0^c isDesignedToSupport^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Lectern^c

Pedestrian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pedestrian`
Description	A 'Pedestrian' is a Person travelling on foot. NOTE that the label ''Wallker'' is used in COSMO for a Device that assists walking. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pedestrian' in WordNet: 1. pedestrian, walker, footer - (a person who travels by foot)`
Super-classes	Traveler^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Walking^c
Sub-classes	PasserBy^c Hiker^c

PedestrianTraffic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PedestrianTraffic`
Description	The Event in which a Group of people are moving at a particular time in a particular Region. This is for people, while 'Traffic' is for vehicles. `Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'traffic' in WordNet, but including only pedestrians - vehicles are represented by 'Traffic': in WordNet: 1. (14) traffic - (the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op only Pedestrian^c

Pediatrician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pediatrician`
Description	Pediatricians are doctors who specialize in the branch of medicine concerned with the care of children and the treatment of childhood diseases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pediatrician' in WordNet: 1. baby doctor, pediatrician, pediatrist, paediatrician - (a specialist in the care of babies)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value HumanInfant^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Pediatrics^c practicesOccupation^op value Pediatrics^c

Pediatrics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pediatrics`
Description	''Pediatrics'' is a branch of ''Medicine'' that deals with the health of childrens, especially of ''HumanInfant''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pediatrics' in WordNet: 1. pediatrics, paediatrics, pediatric medicine, pedology - (the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants and children)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value HumanInfant^c

Peekaboo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peekaboo

Description

'Hide-and-seek' is a game played by young children, in which one (who is 'it') covers the eyes while the others hide, then tries to find the others.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peek-a-boo' in WordNet:
        1. peekaboo, bopeep - (a game played with young children; 
        you hide your face and suddenly reveal it as you say boo!)

Super-classes ChildsGame^c

Peeking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peeking`
Description	''Peeking'' is a ''Looking'' in which the person doing the ''Looking'' tries to do so unobserved (surreptitiously). `The only verb sense of 'peek'in WN is for brief looking actions (see ''Glancing'') ,not the surreptitious type. The noun 'peek' in WN does convey the secretive sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peek' in WordNet: 1. peek, peep - (a secret look)`
Super-classes	Looking^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Surreptitiously^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Surreptitious^c

Peeler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peeler`
Description	A ''Peeler'' is any of several small hand-held devices that facilitates the act of peeling the 'skins' off of some fruit or vegetable - such as a 'potato peeler'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'peeler' in WordNet: 3. peeler - (a device for peeling vegetables or fruits; 'she invented a potato peeler')`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c KitchenUtensil^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value PeelingSomethingFromaSurface^c

PeelingSomethingFromaSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeelingSomethingFromaSurface`
Description	'PeelingSomethingFromaSurface'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' that is to remove thin segments of the surface of an object by a process that is a pulling, rather than a cutting. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peel'in WordNet: 1. skin, peel, pare - (strip the skin off; 'pare apples')`
Super-classes	PullingOnAnObject^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Paring^c isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Peeler^c hadObjectModified^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c removes^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable^c

PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable`
Description	''PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable''' is a ''PeelingSomethingFromaSurface'' where the 'something' is a ''PlantCovering'' (peel, rind, skin) and the thing it is removed from is a fruit or vegetable (such as a banana). `NOTE: this is a 'peeling' Action, using the hand or other gripper; for 'paring' by cutting use ''ParingaFruitOrVegetable''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peel'in WordNet: 1. skin, peel, pare - (strip the skin off; 'pare apples')`
Super-classes	PeelingSomethingFromaSurface^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Peeler^c removes^op some PlantCovering^c hadObjectModified^op some FruitOrVegetableObject^c produces^op value FruitParing^c

Peer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peer`
Description	A ''Peer'' is a Person who is an 'equal' in some sense to others - usually used in the plural: 'jury of one's peers'; 'popular among her peers'. Often used for children who are classmates or playmates. `@ToDo: Need 'peer group' explicitly. WN 'peer group'; 1. (1) peer group - (contemporaries of the same status) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peer' in WordNet: 1. (4) peer, equal, match, compeer - (a person who is of equal standing with another in a group)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Equal^c

PeerGroup^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeerGroup

Description

A ''PeerGroup'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that have some form of ''Equality'' (which is in this case only approximate in quantity, but 'equal' in status). The Attribute(s) that make the members of the Group 'equal' are required to be specified by the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (i.e. 'are alike with respect to'). Teenagers of the same age are one example

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peer group' in WordNet:
        1. (1) peer group - (contemporaries of the same status)

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c
EqualityGroup^c

PeerNoble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeerNoble`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peer' in WordNet: 2. peer - (a nobleman (duke or marquis or earl or viscount or baron) who is a member of the British peerage)`
Super-classes	LordNoble^c
Sub-classes	Viscount^c Earl^c Viscountess^c

Peering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peering

Description

''Peering'' is a ''Looking'' in which the person doing the ''Looking'' looks for something specific..

           Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peer' in WordNet:
             1. (30) peer - (look searchingly; 'We peered into the back of the shop 
               to see whether a salesman was around')

Super-classes Looking^c
Searching^c

Peeve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peeve`
Description	A ''Peeve''is an ''AnnoyingThing'' that can cause a ''PeevedMood''. This can be an Object or Event. `NOTE: WN does not have the RHW sense 2 of 'peeve' RHW noun'peeve: 2. a source of annoyance or irritation: Tardiness is one of my greatest peeves.`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value PeevedMood^c

PeevedMood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeevedMood`
Description	A ''Peeve'' is a ''BadMood'' that is caused by a ''Peeving'' Event. `NOTE: WN does not have the RHW sense 2 of 'peeve' RHW noun'peeve: 2. a source of annoyance or irritation: Tardiness is one of my greatest peeves. This is represented by ''Peeve''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peeve' in WordNet: 1. peeve - (an annoyed or irritated mood)`
Super-classes	BadMood^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some Peeving^c

Peeving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peeving`
Description	''Peeving'' is an AnnoyingEvent that causes a Person to experience a ''Peeve'' (BadMood).
Super-classes	AnnoyingEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value PeevedMood^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Person^c

Peg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peg`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peg' in WordNet: 1. (2) peg, nog - (a wooden pin pushed or driven into a surface)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c SmallObject^c HandSizedObject^c Pin^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c PointyEndedObject^c
Sub-classes	Tee^c

Pelican^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pelican`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pelican' in WordNet: 1. pelican - (large long-winged warm-water seabird having a large bill with a distensible pouch for fish)`
Super-classes	ShoreBird^c Seabird^c

PellMell^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PellMell

Description

        NOTE: the sense 2 of 'helter-skelter' in WordNet matches the intended meaning here,but 
           is also used for the meaning in parent attribute  ''HelterSkelter''.
           WN does not distinguish rapid disorganized movement from unhurried but
           disorganized movements and actions.  The latter is represented in the parent attribute
           ''HelterSkelter'' and this is for hurried disorganized movements.

        RHW 'pell-mell': 1. in disorderly, headlong haste; in a recklessly hurried manner.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pell-mell' in Wordnet:
          1. helter-skelter, pell-mell - (with undue hurry and confusion; 
             'a helter-skelter kind of existence with never a pause'; 'a pell-mell dash for the train')

Super-classes HelterSkelter^c
Hurried^c

Pellet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pellet`
Description	A small approximately spherical Object, artifactual or natural, smaller than a ''Marble'' but larger than a grain of sand. This type is defined primarily by its size and shape. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pellet' in WordNet: 1. pellet - (a small sphere)`
Super-classes	PelletSizedObject^c SolidObject^c SphericalObject^c
Sub-classes	BB^c

PelletShot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PelletShot`
Description	A ''PelletShot'' is a Pellet artifact designed to be propelled by a Firearm. This is a small spherical object designed to be propelled by a ''Shotgun''or pellet gun. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pellet' in WordNet: 2. shot, pellet - (a solid missile discharged from a firearm; 'the shot buzzed past his ear')`
Super-classes	ProjectileWeapon^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ShotgunShell^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.3^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.1^c isPropelledBy^op value Firearm^c

PelletSizedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PelletSizedObject`
Description	A ''PelletSizedObject'' is a ''SmallObject'' that is smaller than a ''Marble'' and larger than a Grain of sand. `For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject FingerSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.3^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 2.0^c
Sub-classes	Pellet^c

Pelt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pelt`
Description	A processed ArtifactObject called 'Hide-Product' in Cyc. In COSMO,'Skin' does not necessarily include the hair (or fur), but a Pelt specifically includes hair (this is not necessarily the same as the Cyc usage). Processed hides without hair are not yet (v0.54) generically represented, but 'Hide-BodyPart' is the generic type that includes hides without hair, and 'Leather' is one special case that is represented. This differs from the more general 'FurPiece' in having been processed to preserve it. NOTE that, though derived from an animal, this is an 'ArtifactObject'; it must be process to become a 'Pelt' `Cyc: The collection of all instances of (#$DriedProductFn Skin) which, after removal, have been put through a preservative process, usually tanning, to insure long term durability Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pelt' in WordNet: WN 'pelt' 1. fur, pelt - (the dressed hairy coat of a mammal)`
Super-classes	FurObject^c ArtifactObject^c DryObject^c Hide^c OrganicObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Fur^c

Pelvis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pelvis`
Description	NOTE CYC treats 'Pelvis' as the region around the pelvic bones whereas WN treats it as the Pelvic bones. In COSMO the WN sense is used - a group of ''Bone''s. `CYC: The lower torso region around the pelvic bone Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pelvis' in WordNet: 1. (1) pelvis, pelvic girdle, pelvic arch, hip - (the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c SkeletalStructure^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Hip^c

Pen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pen`
Description	Any writing implement in the shape of a straight shaft that can be manipulated in the hand to apply ink to paper in a writing process. A writing brush does not qualify (though it is not actually excluded by the specified properties). This is a type of container; there are simple pens that are dipped in ink frequently, and those do not have the usual properties of a container - the fluid does not last long in the air - but for simplicity even the small amount of ink that the nib holds will be counted as 'contained' fluid, and such pens will count as 'containers'. `@ToDO add 'drawing' as Event' where used Called 'WritingPen' in Cyc. Cyc: a stick with a point at one end which can transmit ink to a writing surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pen' in WordNet: 1. (8) pen - (a writing implement with a point from which ink flows)`
Super-classes	PointyEndedObject^c FluidContainer^c HandWritingImplement^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Ink^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Writing^c hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c
Sub-classes	NibbedPen^c PenNib^c BallpointPen^c

PenNib^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PenNib`
Description	A ''NibbedPen'' is a type of ''Pen'' having a pointed 'nib' at the end which can hold a small quantity of ink - just enough to write a word or two by hand, refilled by dipping into an ''Inkwell''. `In RHW the artifact (not on a quill) is called a 'penpoint': (1. the point or writing end of a pen, esp. a small, tapering, metallic device having a split tip for drawing up ink and for writing; nib.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pen nib' in WordNet: 1. nib, pen nib - (the writing point of a pen)`
Super-classes	Pen^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value NibbedPen^c

Penal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'penal' in Wordnet: 1. penal - (of or relating to punishment; 'penal reform'; 'penal code')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

PenalInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PenalInstitution`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penal institution' in WordNet: 1. penal institution, penal facility - (an institution where persons are confined for punishment and to protect the public)`
Super-classes	Container^c DetentionFacility^c ShelterConstruction^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op only Person^c
Sub-classes	CorrectionalInstitution^c

Penalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penalizing`
Description	'''Penalizing'' is a narrower subtype of 'Punishing' that is any action taken by an 'Authority'' that inflicts some undesirable Action on a Person as punishement for violating some formal 'Rule' (applicable to some Social group larger than a family). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'penalize' in WordNet: 1. (3) punish, penalize, penalise - (impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on; 'The students were penalized for showing up late for class'; 'we had to punish the dog for soiling the floor again')`
Super-classes	Punishing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Authority^c wasMotivatedBy^op some InfringingARule^c
Sub-classes	Execution-Judicial^c LegalPenalty^c SportsPenalizing^c Disqualifying^c Fining^c

Penance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penance`
Description	In the Catholic tradition, ''Penance'' is the ''Sacrament'' in which a Priest listens to a Person confessing sins, and imposes a penance (" For your penance,say three Our Fathers and ten Hail Marys ") and grants 'absolution' (forgiveness), so that the soul would not have to go to Hell or Purgatory in punishement for the sin(s). In the Latin tradition the Priest would make the Sign of the Cross and say: " Ego te absolvo in nomine Patris et Filii et Spritui Sancti " `" Catholics aren't perfect, just forgiven " Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'penance' in WordNet: 2. (1) penance - (a Catholic sacrament; repentance and confession and satisfaction and absolution)`
Super-classes	Sacrament^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ConfessingSins^c

Pencil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pencil`
Description	Any writing implement in the shape of a straight shaft (usually but not always of wood) that can be manipulated in the hand to apply marks from a rod of solid coloring material (traditionally graphite) to paper in a writing process. The difference between a pencil and a pen is that a pen applies a liquid ink, while a pencil applies a mark that comes from abrading part of a graphite ('lead') rod (or other solid colored material) onto the paper. The writing substance can be encased in wood, or in a mechanism to feed it so that it can be replaced and the pencil reused multiple times (a 'mechanical pencil'). `From RHW sense 1: a slender tube of wood, metal, plastic, etc., containing a core or strip of graphite, a solid coloring material, or the like, used for writing or drawing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pencil' in WordNet: 1. (7) pencil - (a thin cylindrical pointed writing implement; a rod of marking substance encased in wood)`
Super-classes	FingerSizedObject^c PointyEndedObject^c HandWritingImplement^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Writing^c
Sub-classes	LeadPencil^c

PencilMoustache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PencilMoustache`
Description	A ''PencilMoustache' is a ''Moustache'' that is narrow and straight, aligned horizontally.
Super-classes	Moustache^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Straight^c

PencilSharpener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PencilSharpener`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pencil sharpener' in WordNet: 1. pencil sharpener - (a rotary implement for sharpening the point on pencils)`
Super-classes	Sharpener^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SharpeningaPencil^c

Pendant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pendant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pendant' in WordNet: 1. pendant, pendent - (an adornment that hangs from a piece of jewelry (necklace or earring))`
Super-classes	Jewelry^c ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Jewelry^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c isDesignedToBeSuspendedFrom^op value Jewelry^c

Pending^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pending

Description

''Pending'' characterizes something that is expected to happen, but has not yet happened. This would typically be an Event, but the same term is used to refer to objects that are created by an Event. A 'pending license' is a license that will be created by a licensing Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pending' in WordNet:
          1. (3) pending - (awaiting conclusion or confirmation; 'business still pending')

Super-classes ExistenceValue^c
Nonexistent^c

Pendulum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pendulum`
Description	A ''Pendulum'' is a ''Device'' that is used in some types of ''Clock'' that swings back and forth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pendulum' in WordNet: 1. (1) pendulum - (an apparatus consisting of an object mounted so that it swings freely under the influence of gravity)`
Super-classes	Device^c SmallObject^c LongAndThinObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Clock^c performsAction^op value Swinging^c

Penetrable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penetrable

Description

''Penetrable'' is an attribute of Thinga that an undergo a ''PenetratingSomething'' by something else. This is broad, applying to any kind of 'penetration'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'penetrable' in Wordnet:
          1. penetrable - (admitting of penetration or passage into or through; 'a penetrable wall';
             'penetrable defenses')

Super-classes Susceptible^c

PenetratingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PenetratingAnObject`
Description	''PenetratingAnObject'' is an 'EnteringaRegion' where the Region is inside a PhysicalObject, by a process of piercing the outer surface of the object. The extent of penetration need not be deep,only enough for the edge of the penetrating object to pass beyond the inner part of the surface layer; if the surface layer is not well defined (as is the skin of an animal or fruit, or covering of an artifact object.), the penetrating object should have some resistance to further penetration, or be held by friction forces, or be mostly or entirely within the object penetrated. This is usually performed by a rigid and sharp or pointed object, or a projectile fired or thrown with force. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'penetrate' in WordNet: 1. (7) penetrate, perforate - (pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance; 'The bullet penetrated her chest')`
Super-classes	PenetratingSomething^c EnteringaRegion^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value RigidObject^c hasEndingPlace^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO^c

PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes penetrations of an Organism's surface, both harmful and (as in injections of medicine) beneficial. This type is an Action, as it is always caused by some agent. The various kinds of injections are specified under 'InjectingOrInfusing' Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent (q.v.). This collection includes all #$PhysicalEvents in which a sharp object (say a bullet, stinger, tooth or knife) penetrates the _outer_layer_ of a #$BiologicalLivingObject (in the case of an organism, this will often be its skin). Since this collection includes only the _penetration_ of the outer layer, instances will usually be #$subEvents of, for example, stabbing or puncturing events. Common examples include an animal being scraped by a knife or thorn, a woodpecker penetrating the bark of a tree or a cell wall being penetrated. See #$PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLOWithFn and #$PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLOFn.
Super-classes	PenetratingAnObject^c PiercingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Goring^c PuncturingTheSkin^c Stabbing^c InjectingOrInfusing^c

PenetratingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PenetratingSomething`
Description	A 'SeparationEvent' in which at least a part of one PhysicalObject enters into another PhysicalObject by causing a separation of a surface part of the second PhysicalObject. Entering without causing a separation of a surface is not an instance of this type. The restriction requires that the object penetrated be specified. Note that a penetration of the outer rim of a mostly flat object is also an instance, so that a breach of a wall of an enclosure would be an instance of this type. `This type will be mostly used for Events in which something penetrates an Organism, as with bullets penetrating a person, or needles penetrating a person's skin for injections; but this is the most general penetration - a SeparationEvent in which the object 'separated' remains mostly intact, and only a small disruption of the surface occurs.`
Super-classes	PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value SurfacePortion^c hadObjectPenetrated^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	PenetratingAnObject^c PiercingSomething^c

Penguin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penguin

Description

CYC: The collection of marine flightless birds native to the #$SouthernHemisphere-Region.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penguin' in WordNet:
          1. penguin - (short-legged flightless birds of cold southern especially Antarctic regions
            having webbed feet and wings modified as flippers)

Super-classes Waterfowl^c
FlightlessBird^c

Penicillin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penicillin`
Description	Any of several organic chemicals having a particular ring structure including the beta-lactam ring, many of which are useful in medicine as antibacterial agents. The most well-known is penicillin G, also called Benzyl penicillin, used in human medicine; amoxycillin and methicillin are also commonly used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penicillin' in Wordnet: 1. penicillin - (any of various antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds (or produced synthetically) and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases)`
Super-classes	Antibiotic^c BetaLactam^c
Sub-classes	Methicillin^c

Peninsula^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peninsula`
Description	NOTE that ''isSurroundedBy'' does not necessarily imply complete surrounding. ??add a 'mostly surrounded by'??? can anything else use such a relation? `CYC: The collection of all peninsulas, or protuberances of geographic land areas into water areas. The width of the connecting neck of a peninsula is less than the length of the peninsula. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peninsula' in WordNet: 1. (1) peninsula - (a large mass of land projecting into a body of water)`
Super-classes	LandBody^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	isSurroundedBy^op value BodyOfWater^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Arabia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scandinavia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KoreanPeninsula

Penis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penis`
Description	CYC: The collection of all penises. An instance of this collection is an external sex #$Organ of a male #$Mammal that is used in #$SexualCopulation and #$Urinating. `For a 'Penis'' on a human use subtype ''HumanPenis''. NOTE:WN parent 'erectile organ - (an organ containing erectile tissue)' is not yet in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penis' in Wordnet: 1. penis, phallus, member - (the male organ of copulation ('member' is a euphemism))`
Super-classes	Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalSexOrgan^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value MaleAnimal^c
Sub-classes	HumanPenis^c

Pennant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pennant`
Description	A ''Pennant'' is a ''Flag'' that has a distinctive non-rectangular shape, especially one that is triangular or 'swallow-tailed'' (having two adjacent parts forming triangles). `This aggregates 'pennants' of different shapes. That could be logically distinguished but are all generically called a 'pennant', as well as in some cases some other term. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pennant' in WordNet: 3. pennant, pennon, streamer, waft - (a long flag; often tapering)`
Super-classes	Flag^c
Restrictions	doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute^op value Rectangular^c

Penny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penny`
Description	A coin that represents the smallest unit of currency in some currency systems, such as the British and American, and others. The specific ''Penny''s in each currency would be subtypes. In the US, it is synonymous with 'cent'. At times coins of smaller value, denominated as fractions of a penny (or cent) were minted. The US 'cent' is the subtype ''Cent-US''. The irregular plural 'pence' is included. This sense includes both English and other usages, sense 1 and 2 of 'penny' in Wordnet: 1. (2) penny - (a fractional monetary unit of Ireland and the United Kingdom; equal to one hundredth of a pound) 2. (1) penny, cent, centime - (a coin worth one-hundredth of the value of the basic unit) WN noun 'copper': 2. copper - (a copper penny) WN noun 'cent': 1. (15) cent - (a fractional monetary unit of several countries)
Super-classes	Coin^c
Sub-classes	Cent-US^c

PennyPinching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PennyPinching`
Description	''PennyPinching'' is a subtype of ''Frugal'' for someone who is particularly concerned with the price of things bought, looking for the best bargain. `NOTE: 'near' is archaic and 'skinny' is not in RHW. Left out here to avoid confusion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'penny-pinching' in Wordnet: 1. cheeseparing, close, near, penny-pinching, skinny - (giving or spending with reluctance; 'our cheeseparing administration'; 'very close (or near) with his money'; 'a penny-pinching miserly old man')`
Super-classes	Frugal^c
Sub-classes	Stingy^c

PensionPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PensionPayment`
Description	'Pension' is the MoneyObject that is one installment paid periodically to a Retiree as one of the types of compensation ('benefits') for some period of Employment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pension' in WordNet: 1. (4) pension - (a regular payment to a person that is intended to allow them to subsist without working)`
Super-classes	PeriodicPayment^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some MakingaPensionPayment^c

Pensioner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pensioner`
Description	A ''Pensioner'' is a ''Recipient'' of (one or usually more) ''PensionPayment''s. `Always a ''Retiree''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pensioner' in WordNet: 1. (1) pensioner, pensionary - (the beneficiary of a pension fund)`
Super-classes	Person^c Recipient^c
Restrictions	isTheRecipientOf^op value PensionPayment^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Retired^c

Pensive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pensive`
Description	''Pensive'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue describing a Person who is thinking deeply (''Meditating'') about some topic(s), in an unhurried manner.. CYC: NOTE CYC has this as an'attribute' or a 'feeling' - this type is an Attribute; CTC: A feeling of deep thoughtfulness, reflection, or introspection, and sometimes melancholia. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pensive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brooding, broody, contemplative, meditative, musing, pensive, pondering, reflective, ruminative - (persistently or morbidly thoughtful) WN verb 'brood': 1. (5) brood, dwell - (think moodily or anxiously about something)
Super-classes	Alive^c
Sub-classes	Dreamy^c

Pentagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pentagon`
Description	A five-sided polygon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pentagon' in Wordnet: 3. pentagon - (a five-sided polygon)`
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 5^c

Pentameter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pentameter`
Description	This is an abstract line of Verse with five ''MetricalFoot''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pentameter' in WordNet: 1. pentameter - (a verse line having five metrical feet)`
Super-classes	LineOfVerse^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value MetricalFoot^c

Pentane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pentane`
Description	C5H12. An alkane with 5 carbon atoms.
Super-classes	Alkane^c

Penthouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Penthouse`
Description	CYC: An #$ApartmentUnit or #$HotelRoomUnit on the top floor of a building. Such room-units usually rent/sell for a premium, since they can possess extraordinary views of the surrounding cityscape. Note that it makes little or no sense to call a room a #$Penthouse if it is on the top floor of a single-storey, or low-storeyed, building. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penthouse' in WordNet: 1. (1) penthouse - (an apartment located on the top floors of a building)`
Super-classes	Apartment^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value TopFloor^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value TallBuilding^c

Pentose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pentose`
Description	''Pentose'' is any monosaccharide with five carbon atoms in eah molecule. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pentose' in WordNet: 1. pentose - (any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule)`
Super-classes	MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c Monosaccharide^c
Sub-classes	Ribose^c

PeopleOfaCollege^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeopleOfaCollege`
Description	Each 'PeopleOfaCollege' is the collective body of students and faculty at some College. `This was created to correspond to sense 1 of 'college' in Wordnet, which seems to be the most common sense: 1. (45) college - (the body of faculty and students of a college)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some CollegeStudent^c hasComponentElement^op some CollegeFacultyMember^c

PeopleSilence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeopleSilence`
Description	A ''PersistentState'' characterized by the absence of people Speaking. NOTE that 'Speaking' is not itself Sound (''Speaking'' produces ''Speech'', which is a SOund) , but this type means that there is no sound of the kind produced by people speaking. This may be elaborated more in an FOL representation. See ''QuietingDown'' and ''SilencingPeople'' for possible causes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silence' in WordNet: 1. (12) silence - (the state of being silent (as when no one is speaking); 'there was a shocked silence'; 'he gestured for silence')`
Super-classes	Silence^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value QuietingDown^c mayBeCausedBy^op value SilencingPeople^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Speech^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Speaking^c

Pep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pep`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pep' in WordNet: 1. pep, peppiness, ginger - (liveliness and energy; 'this tonic is guaranteed to give you more pep')`
Super-classes	Sprightliness^c

Pepper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pepper`
Description	COSMO note: this is the type representing individual peppers - the fruit of a pepper plant. The ground pepper used at the table is 'GroundPepper'. Technically each instance of 'Pepper' is an instance of Fruit. In Cyc called 'Pepper-Foodstuff'. Cyc: Foodstuff from the edible fruit of pepper plants. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'pepper' in RHW: 2. any plant of the genus Piper. Cf. pepper family. 3. any of several plants of the genus Capsicum, esp. C. annuum, cultivated in many varieties, or C. frutescens. 4. the usually green or red fruit of any of these plants, ranging from mild to very pungent in flavor. Corresponds approximately to sense 4 of 'pepper' in Wordnet, however, WordNet does not include genus Piper, which is included in this sense. in WordNet: 4. pepper - (sweet and hot varieties of fruits of plants of the genus Capsicum)
Super-classes	Fruit^c SolanaceousVegetable^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value PepperPlant^c isDerivedFrom^op value PepperPlant^c
Sub-classes	HotPepper^c

PepperOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PepperOrder`
Description	The plant Order including Peppers.
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	PepperPlant^c

PepperPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PepperPlant

Description

Individual pepper plants. This term generically covers green peppers, jalapeno peppers, and all the many other varieties.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pepper' in WordNet:
          1. pepper, common pepper, black pepper, white pepper,
             Madagascar pepper, Piper nigrum - (climber having
             dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; 
             naturalized in northern Burma and Assam)

Super-classes Vegetable-Plant^c
PepperOrder^c
CropPlant^c

PepperShaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PepperShaker`
Description	A container for storing and dispensing pepper `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pepper shaker' in WordNet: 1. pepper shaker, pepper box, pepper pot - (a shaker with a perforated top for sprinkling ground pepper)`
Super-classes	ShakerDispenser^c FoodVessel^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value GroundPepper^c

Peppercorn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peppercorn`
Description	A type of Pepper in the shape of a small berry that has been dried. This is for individual peppercorns, not the ground powder. `Corresponds to part of sense 3 of 'pepper' and sense 1 of 'peppercorn' in Wordnet: 3. pepper, peppercorn - (pungent seasoning from the berry of the common pepper plant of East India; use whole or ground)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value PepperPlant^c

Pepperoni^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pepperoni

Description

Goes on a 'pepperoni pizza', among other foods.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pepperoni' in WordNet:
         1. pepperoni - (a pork and beef sausage (or a thin slice of this sausage))

Super-classes Sausage^c

PepsiCola^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PepsiCola`
Description	`This is for the substance ''Pepsi Cola'' - the SodaPop. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Pepsi Cola' in WordNet: 1. Pepsi, Pepsi Cola - (Pepsi Cola is a trademarked cola)`
Super-classes	SodaPop^c

Peptide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peptide

Description

A ''Peptide'' is a substance consisting of a sequence of amino acids, not necessarily long enough or functional enough to be considered as a ''Protein''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peptide' in WordNet:
          1. peptide - (amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the
              carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein)

Super-classes Biopolymer^c

PeptideChain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeptideChain`
Description	CYC: The collection of all molecular chains consisting of two or more #$AminoAcids. Instances include both independent molecules (see #$PeptideMolecule) and segments of lengthier #$PeptideMolecules.
Super-classes	ChemicalObject^c Molecule^c ChemicalSequence^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Peptide^c
Sub-classes	PeptideMolecule^c

PeptideMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeptideMolecule`
Description	CYC: A collection of any group of compounds formed from two or more #$AminoAcids by the linkage of amino groups of some of the acids with carboxyl groups of others. Instances can be short or (as in Proteins) of great length.
Super-classes	PeptideChain^c
Sub-classes	ProteinMolecule^c

PerSe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerSe`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'per se' in Wordnet: 1. (5) intrinsically, per se, as such, in and of itself - (with respect to its inherent nature; 'this statement is interesting per se')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Perceivable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceivable`
Description	'Perceivable' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event or of an AttributeValue of some object, that can be perceived by human senses, with or withou the aid of a Device, or by some device acting autonomously. The most useful subtypes will be 'Visible' and 'Audible'. The ability to perceive will depend to some extent on the situation; things that are hidden are not 'Visible' in this sense, and sounds too far away are not 'Audible'. This is the attribute of things that can be perceived by human senses directly. For aspects of ''Perceivable'' things that require some degree of inference or background understanding, use the subtype ''Perceptible''. This AttributeValue and its subtypes are sufficiently dependent on the circumstances and actor(s) to which it applies, that the linguistic terms 'visible' and 'audible' are likely to need a functional procedure to distinguish the senses as applied to specific objects and situations. For example, a particular celestial event may be 'visible to observers having normal vision acuity in the northern hemisphere on Jan 1 2000 in outdoor locations not obscured by cloud cover'. This ontological concept includes all of the 'microsenses' that may be distinguished' NOTE: logical implication is the requirement of the use of the senses - for @FOL version. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perceivable' and those parts of 'perceptible' that refer to perceiving with the human senses in Wordnet: 1. perceivable - (capable of being perceived especially by sight or hearing; 'perceivable through the mist') WN adjective 'perceptible': 1. (1) perceptible - (capable of being perceived by the mind or senses; 'a perceptible limp'; 'easily perceptible sounds'; 'perceptible changes in behavior') WN adj 'observable' (part - for vision only): 1. (2) discernible, evident, observable - (capable of being seen or noticed; 'a discernible change in attitude'; 'a clearly evident erasure in the manuscript'; 'an observable change in behavior')
Super-classes	Detectable^c
Sub-classes	Palpable^c Perceptible^c Audible^c Measurable^c Recognizable^c Tangible^c Overt^c Visible^c

PerceivableHumanAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerceivableHumanAction`
Description	A ''PerceivableHumanAction'' is a ''HumanActivity'' that can be perceived by another Person who is near the one performing the ''PerceivableHumanAction''. This is distinct from internal actions such as thinking or physiological processes. Common examples would be Talking and ''BodyMovementEvent''.
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Perceivable^c
Sub-classes	BendingOverState^c StandingOnTipToes^c BodyMovementEvent^c Talking^c Posing^c

Perceived^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceived

Description

''Perceived'' is the attribute of anything - an Object or Action including sounds and sensations) that was perceived (detected) by means of the bodily senses - with or without instruments that can amplify signals.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'perceived' in WordNet:
            2. perceived - (detected by means of the senses; 
               'a perceived difference in temperature')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

PerceivedGlare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerceivedGlare`
Description	'PerceivedGlare'' is the ''MentalObject'' created by perceiving a ''Glare''. Can be annoying, and when driving can be dangerous..
Super-classes	PerceivedImage^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Glare^c

PerceivedImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerceivedImage`
Description	A ''PerceivedImage'' is the ''MentalObject'' representing what is seen when perceiving a ''View''.
Super-classes	MentalImagery^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value View^c isTheProductOf^op some Seeing^c
Sub-classes	PerceivedGlare^c

Perceiving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceiving`
Description	A specialization of both #$SingleDoerAction and #$InformationTransferPhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$Perceiving is an event in which an agent (an instance of #$PerceptualAgent) acquires information through the exercise of its senses. NOTE: that the thing perceived needs to be ''Perceivable'' - either ''Visible'' or ''Audible'' or feelable. @ToDo: feelable?? includes feeling infrared as well as palpable. COSMO note:most references to perceiving use the more specific types of Perceiving such as 'Seeing' and 'Hearing'. In SUMO called 'Perception' NOTe that in COSMO machines can 'perceive'. SUMO Sensing some aspect of the material world. Note that the agent of this sensing is assumed to be an Animal. This corresponds to senses 3 and 5 of 'perception' in WordNet. Sense 3 in WN is a 'process' and sense 5 is a 'sensory activity'. 'perception' can be both of these, and in COSMO this forms only one concept representation. in WordNet: WN nound 'perception' 3. (4) perception - (the process of perceiving) 5. sensing, perception - (becoming aware of something via the senses) WN verb 'perceive' 1. (27) perceive, comprehend - (to become aware of through the senses; 'I could perceive the ship coming over the horizon')
Super-classes	IntentionalMentalEvent^c CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPerceived^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or AnimalBodyPartType^c or DeviceType^c or SensoryCapabilityType^c) usesSenseOrOrgan^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or AnimalBodyPartType^c or DeviceType^c or SensoryCapabilityType^c)
Sub-classes	Experience^c FailingToUnderstand^c Misperception^c InterestingaPerson^c Perceiving-Involuntary^c Sensation^c Noticing^c LocatingSomething^c Seeing^c LikingEvent^c Suffering^c Hearing^c Perceiving-Voluntary^c

Perceiving-Involuntary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceiving-Involuntary`
Description	A specialization of #$Perceiving. Each instance of #$Perceiving-Involuntary is a perceptual event in which an agent involuntarily perceives something (so that each instance of #$Perceiving-Involuntary is not an instance of #$PurposefulAction)
Super-classes	Perceiving^c

Perceiving-Voluntary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceiving-Voluntary`
Description	COSMO note: Perceiving-Voluntary is equated in COSMO with the general notion of 'paying attention'. As in Cyc, this includes not merely passive attention to something happening, but also actions in which an Agent must pay attention to surroundings in order to accomplish the purpose of the action. Cyc: A specialization of both #$Perceiving and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary is a perceptual event in which the perceiving agent does not merely passively receive sensory information, but actively filters or directs how it is perceiving. Thus, searching for a set of lost keys would be an instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary, as would straining to hear something, but merely hearing a balloon pop next to one would _not_. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attention' and includes verb sense 5 of 'attend' (but is broader than WordNet 'attend', being not only listening but any form of voluntary perception): in WordNet: 1. (56) attention, attending - (the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others)
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c Perceiving^c
Sub-classes	FeelingWithTheHand^c LookingForSomething^c TastingDeliberately^c SmellingDeliberately^c TouchingDeliberately^c Reading^c Ascertaining^c PayingAttention^c Observing^c

PercentEffectiveness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercentEffectiveness

Description

An attribute value that specifies that the thing achieves some percentage of an effectiveness criterion. The percentage may be the percentage of times that the criterion is reached in separate trials, or the percentage of the criterion that is reached in some specific Event.

     Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'effectiveness' in WordNet:
       1. (11) effectiveness, effectivity, effectualness, effectuality -
       (power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an effect)

Super-classes PercentageAttributeValue^c
EffectivenessValue^c

PercentNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercentNumber`
Description	A RationalNumber that expresses a ratio of one quantity to another, multiplied by one hundred. This is distinguished from a pure number only in that it has the dimension 'percent'. For its use to express distributions, see 'PercentageAttribute'.
Super-classes	ConcentrationMeasure^c DimensionlessRatio^c
Sub-classes	WeightPercent^c VolumePercent^c RelativeHumidity^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyPercent

PercentageAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercentageAttribute`
Description	An Attribute having some percent intensity, such as percent unemployed (same as UnemploymentRate). It is a type of Attribute in which the quantitative element is a PercentageAttributeValue (represented in COSMO by a number, followed by 'percent', as in {25 percent}. `A PercentageAttribute should have an AttributeType that specifies what the percentage is about. The AttributeValue will be an instance of PercentageAttributeValue'. Thus the instance of PercentageAttribute named 'Unemployment5.9pct' might have relations (hasAttributeType Unemployment5.9pct UnemploymentRate) (hasValue Unemployment5.9pct {5.9 percent}). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percentage' in WordNet: 1. (26) percentage, percent, per centum, pct - (a proportion multiplied by 100)`
Super-classes	Attribute^c
Restrictions	hasValue^op some PercentageAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ConfidenceLevel^c

PercentageAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercentageAttributeValue`
Description	A QuantitativeAttributeValue consisting of having percentage of some attribute. Each PercentageAttributeValue points to a Percentage, and may have other characteristics, such as specifying how the Percentage was measured.
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#percent^c
Sub-classes	EfficiencyPercentage^c PercentEffectiveness^c Precision^c

Percentage Monetary Amount^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercentageMonetaryAmount

Description

A FIBO concept, being a quantity of money expressed as a percentage. It is unclear how this is used, so it is a skeleton here. This is a sister node of COSMO 'MoneyMeasure'.

    NOTE that 'percent' is a ''UnitOfMeasure'', so percents can be represented by
      any measure that has a general ''UnitOfMeasure'' as its second element.


    FIBO:subClassOf fibo-fnd-acc-cur;MonetaryMeasure
    skos-editorialNote: 'This will have a relationship to what it is a percentage of.
      Alternatively and for some applications of this term, there may be an 
      enumerated list of possible things it is a percentage of.'
    skos-definition: 'A measure of some amount of money expressed as a percentage 
      of some other amount, some notional amount or some concrete Money Amount.'

Super-classes Percentage Monetary Amount^c

Percentile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Percentile

Description

This ''Percentile'' characterizes the level of a''TestScore'' as one point on a 100-point scale where there the percentage of scores below is equal to the ''Percentile'' and the percentage of scores above is equal to 100 minus the ''Percentile'' number.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percentile' in WordNet:
         1. percentile, centile - ((statistics) any of the 99 numbered points that divide 
           an ordered set of scores into 100 parts each of which contains one-hundredth of the total)

Super-classes TestScore^c

Perceptibility^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceptibility

Description

''Perceptibility'' is a ''Quality'' of things (PhysicalObjects, Events) that are ''Perceptible'' with the senses.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perceptibility' in WordNet:
       1. perceptibility - (the property of being perceptible by the mind or the senses)

Super-classes Quality^c
PhysicalAttribute^c

Perceptible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceptible`
Description	''Perceptible'' is an AttributeValue things (PhysicalObjects, Events, or of more subtle AttributeValues) that can be perceived by human senses and require some degree of inference or understanding, i.e. include the use of the mind not only the senses. e.g. requiring use of the memory: 'perceptible changes in behavior' requiring understanding of the meaning: 'an obvious (or palpable) lie' requiring understanding of behavior: 'a detectable note of sarcasm' requiring understanding of speech patterns and timing: 'he continued after a perceptible pause' 'after a noticeable pause the lecturer continued' The subtype ''Obvious'' is more specific in meaning 'easy to understand', rather than 'easy to perceive' with the senses. Corresponds to parts noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'perceptible' that refer to perceiving with the human senses, and sense 1 of 'palpable' and sense 2 of 'noticeable' and adjective sense 1 of 'obvious' in Wordnet: WN adjective 'perceptible': 1. (1) perceptible - (capable of being perceived by the mind or senses; 'a perceptible limp'; 'easily perceptible sounds'; 'perceptible changes in behavior') 2. perceptible - (easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind; 'a perceptible sense of expectation in the court'; 'an obvious (or palpable) lie') 3. detectable, perceptible - (easily seen or detected; 'a detectable note of sarcasm'; 'he continued after a perceptible pause') WN adjective 'detectable': 1. (7) detectable, noticeable - (capable of being detected; 'after a noticeable pause the lecturer continued') WN adjective 'palpable': 1. (1) palpable, tangible - (capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt; 'a barely palpable dust'; 'felt sudden anger in a palpable wave'; 'the air was warm and close - palpable as cotton') WN adjective 'noticeable': 2. (1) detectable, noticeable - (capable of being detected; 'after a noticeable pause the lecturer continued')
Super-classes	Significant^c Perceivable^c Detectable^c
Sub-classes	Pronounced^c

Perceptibly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceptibly

Description

This sense of ''perceptibly'' is an adverb whose general sense is 'very noticeably', that is it does not mean that something barely perceptibly has some attribute or underwent some event, but easily perceptibly.

      e.g. 'perceptibly agitated'

     Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'perceptibly' in WordNet:
       1. perceptibly, noticeably, observably - (in a noticeable manner; 
         'he changed noticeably over the years')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Perception^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perception`
Description	The SUMO term for the Cyc 'Perceiving'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Perceptual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perceptual`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perceptual' in Wordnet: 1. (3) perceptual - (of or relating to the act of perceiving; "perceptual stimulus")`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

PerceptualAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerceptualAgent`
Description	CYC: The collection of all sentient agents. Instances of #$PerceptualAgent are #$IndividualAgents (q.v.) capable of performing acts of #$Perceiving (q.v.). In many cases information that a perceptual agent gathers through perceiving can influence certain other of the agent's actions.
Super-classes	IndividualAgent^c AgentiveObject^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value AbilityToPerceive^c
Sub-classes	Animal^c

Perch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perch

Description

A ''Perch'' is a resting place for an animal that is somewhat elevated so that the animal can observe things below it or at a distance. This applies mostly to places where birds land,but can apply also to other animals such as cats or squirrels, This is broad - a ''Perch'' can be in any shape as long as it can support some kind of animal.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perch' in WordNet:
           1. (1) perch - (support consisting of a branch or rod that serves 
             as a resting place (especially for a bird))

Super-classes SupportingObject^c

Perching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perching`
Description	`Corresponds to the physical (not metaphorical) verb sense 2 of 'perch' in WordNet: 2. alight, light, perch - (to come to rest, settle; 'Misfortune lighted upon him')`
Super-classes	Landing^c LocomotionEvent-Animal^c
Sub-classes	Roosting^c

PercoidFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercoidFish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percoid fish' in WordNet: 1. percoid fish, percoid, percoidean - (any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of the order Perciformes)`
Super-classes	Spiny-finnedFish^c
Sub-classes	ScombroidFish^c

Percussion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Percussion`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percussion' in WordNet: 1. (1) percussion - (the act of playing a percussion instrument)`
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PercussionEvent^c
Sub-classes	PlayingaDrum^c PlayingaPiano^c

PercussionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercussionEvent`
Description	'Percussion' is not in WordNet in this sense, though verb sense 1 of 'percuss' might be relevant at least in part. `RHW 'percussion' sense 1: 1. the striking of one body against another with some sharpness; impact; blow. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'percuss' in WordNet: 1. percuss - (strike or tap firmly; "the doctor percussed his chest and back")`
Super-classes	HittingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	StrikingaDrum^c

PercussionInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercussionInstrument`
Description	Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. `NOTE: Cyc includes a Piano as a subtype, therefore the SUMO interpretation of having no strings does not apply to this type. The SUMO type should be a subtype. SUMO: A MusicalInstrument which does not have strings and which is played by striking it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percussion instrument' in WordNet: 1. percussion instrument, percussive instrument - (a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by one object striking another)`
Super-classes	KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c
Sub-classes	Cymbal^c Bell^c Chimes^c Gong^c DrumInstrument^c Xylophone^c Piano^c

PercussionMallet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PercussionMallet`
Description	A ''PercussionMallet'' is a small ''Drumstick' used for playing the xylopone and similar percussion instruments.
Super-classes	Drumstick^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredInstrumentForAction^op value Xylophone^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

PeregrineFalcon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeregrineFalcon

Description

A globally distributed falcon, Falco peregrinus, much used in falconry because of its swift flight: several subspecies are endangered.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Peregrine Falcon' in WordNet:
          1. peregrine, peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus - (a widely distributed 
          falcon formerly used in falconry)

Super-classes Falcon^c

Peremptory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peremptory`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'peremptory' in Wordnet: 2. peremptory - (not allowing contradiction or refusal; 'spoke in peremptory tones'; 'peremptory commands')`
Super-classes	Offensive^c Ominous^c

Perfect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perfect`
Description	'Perfect' is an attribute of something that is of a quality that cannot be improved (in some respect), and lacks none of its desirable components or qualities. The distincton between 'perfect' and 'ideal' is somewhat vague, so these are combined here until more examples of usage can suggest a useful logical distinction. NOTE: this attribute is often used to mean 'good enough', rather than literally 'perfect', meaning not that it cannnot be improved, but that any improvements would not make an important difference for the purposes of the person using this attribute. Thus ''Idealized'', meaning that the flaws in something are not recalled (intentionally or not), can be a subtype of this attribute. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'perfect' and sense 1 of 'ideal' in WordNet: 1. (17) perfect - (being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish; 'a perfect circle'; 'a perfect reproduction'; 'perfect happiness'; 'perfect manners'; 'a perfect specimen'; 'a perfect day') 3. perfect - (precisely accurate or exact; 'perfect timing) WN adjective 'ideal': 1. (9) ideal - (conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal)
Super-classes	Optimal^c Complete^c
Sub-classes	Impeccable^c Idealized^c Flawless^c

PerfectingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerfectingSomething`
Description	''PerfectingSomething'' is a ''RefiningAnAction'' that develops some HumanActivity or some ''ArtifactObject'' to make it more effective or efficient. The result does not have to be ''Perfect'' - for 'optimizing' use subtype ''Optimizing''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'perfect' in WordNet: 1. (4) perfect, hone - (make perfect or complete; 'perfect your French in Paris!')`
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Practicing^c improves^op some (CapabilityType^c or ArtifactObjectType^c or Capability^c or Skill^c or HumanActivity^c)
Sub-classes	Optimizing^c HoningaSkill^c

PerforatedPaperObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerforatedPaperObject`
Description	A ''SheetOfPaper'' with one or more ''LineOfPerforation''s. This can be one of those 'tear-the-edges-off' letters that organizations send, or a bill with a portion that can be tormn off and erturned, or a ''RollOfStuff'' separated into smaller sections by ''LineOfPerforation''s to allow tearing off and using only a small part of the roll at one time. .
Super-classes	PerforatedSheet^c SheetOfPaper^c
Sub-classes	RollOfToiletPaper^c

PerforatedSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerforatedSheet`
Description	A ''FreeSheet'' with one or more ''LineOfPerforation''s, consisting of any solid substance. .
Super-classes	FreeSheet^c
Restrictions	hasFeature^op value LineOfPerforations^c
Sub-classes	PerforatedPaperObject^c

Performance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Performance`
Description	Each Performance is a Demonstrating intentionally performed in public to entertain or just to convey information to an audience. It may but does not have to include DramaticActing and/or Music and which is intended to entertain the audience (that is the subtype ''EntertainmentPerformance''). For the specifically entertainment 'performance' use 'EntertainmentPerformance' This type includes 'presentations' such as lectures in a classroom, or transmitted by a video display process, as well as presentations at a conference. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'show' in WordNet: WN noun 'show': 3. show - (a social event involving a public performance or entertainment; 'they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway')`
Super-classes	PerformingInFrontOfGroup^c Communication^c
Sub-classes	SoloPerformance^c PublicSpeaking^c EntertainmentPerformance^c BroadcastProgram^c Presentation^c

PerformanceBonus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerformanceBonus`
Description	A ''PerformanceBonus'' is a ''Bonus'' that is a sum of money (or liquid MoneyObject,like stock) that was given to an ''Employee'' in addition to what is earned as the normal salary or wage. @mod61 Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bonus' in WordNet: 2. bonus, incentive - (an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output)
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c Bonus^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some GivingaPerformanceBonus^c wasReceivedInAction^op value GivingaPerformanceBonus^c

PerformanceRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerformanceRecord`
Description	A 'PerformanceRecord' is a Record (an AbstractSymbolicObject), usually in some formatted form, of some aspects of performance of something - a Person, a machine, a computer program. The more specific sense of sports team win-loss records is represented as the subtype 'WinLossRecord'. `Includes noun senses 2, 5, 6, and 7 of 'record' (2, 6, and 7 are represented as subtypes) in WordNet: 5. (75) record, track record - (the sum of recognized accomplishments; 'the lawyer has a good record'; 'the track record shows that he will be a good president')`
Super-classes	Record^c
Sub-classes	CriminalRecord^c MusicRecord^c RecordBook^c MovieRecord^c WinLossRecord^c

PerformanceSpectacle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerformanceSpectacle`
Description	A ''PerformanceSpectacle'' is an ''EntertainmentPerformance'' that includes unusual actions, has many performers and uses elaborate props. This is somewhat 'Evaluative', depending on what kinds of performances a person may have seen. A large ''Circus'' would usually qualify. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spectacle' in WordNet: 2. (2) spectacle - (an elaborate and remarkable display on a lavish scale)`
Super-classes	EntertainmentPerformance^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value LargeGroupOfPeople^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Detailed^c

PerformingArtActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerformingArtActivity`
Description	CYC: The collection of activities that #$Artist-Performers do. Its subsets include things like #$Singing, #$DancingProcess-Human, #$DramaticActing, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, etc. What is being captured in this collection are the actions that #$Artist-Performers do, both in preparation for and during a performance. For the collection of performace events, see #$EntertainmentPerformance. `NOTE that this is a subtype of ''ShowingSomething'' and a significant part of a ''PerformingArtActivity'' must be the visual scenes created, not just sounds, as in a ''MusicalPerformance''.`
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c ShowingSomething^c EntertainmentPerformance^c HumanActivity^c ArtActivity^c InformationBearingThing^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Sub-classes	ConductingaMusicalComposition^c Dancing^c Singing-Human^c DramaticActing^c PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c MimeShow^c

PerformingInFrontOfGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerformingInFrontOfGroup`
Description	A Performance of some Action in front of a Group, which may be for any purpose. This can small-scale or informal. A more formal public performance in front of a GroupOfPeople is represented under the subtype ''Performing'' which includes as subtypes ''PublicSpeaking'' and ''EntertainmentPerformace''s and ''Presentation''s. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'performing' in WordNet: 3. (19) perform - (give a performance (of something); 'Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight'; 'We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera')`
Super-classes	Demonstrating^c
Sub-classes	Performance^c

PerformingSomeAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerformingSomeAction`
Description	'PerformingSomeAction' is a type whose instances are LogicalFunctions ('did', 'performed', 'executed') that take a nominalized term referring to some Action, and return that Action. This is primarily a representation of a grammatical device in English that expresses actions with phrases like 'he did a good job'; 'he performed his tasks', 'she executed a perfect dismount' - converting a nominalized action into a verbal representation of it. In some cases, the thing 'done' may be a term that represents an Obligation, such as 'he performed his duties well' - where the Obligation refers indirectly to an Action, and the interpretation is that 'he performed the actions required by his duty'. @ToDo - the representation of an action as an 'execution' of an Action involves logical redundancy, but is motivated by linguistic usage. Whether there is any logical difference, e.g., between 'doing a dance' and 'dancing' is not yet (rev 829) resolved in COSMO. The transformation of linguistic expressions involving 'perform' words (perform, do, execute, make, carry out) into instances of Actions needs to be handled by the linguistic processor. NOTE that some of the words referring to 'performing' an Action can also refer to 'performing' ('carrying out') a procedure , but that more specific sense is represented by ''ExecutingaProcedure'' and requires specifying the ''Procedure) (or ''Plan'') carried out. In a sense, 'performing an action' and just 'acting' are the same Event, but the linguistic use of 'performing' creates a separate view of the Event: 'he danced' and 'he performed a dance' focus on different views of an Event that are not (as of v 0.52) distinguished in COSMO. The use of 'perform' has some of the feeling of specifying a FunctionalProcess that results in a completed Event - @ToDo: but this is not yet axiomatized here. For the case where a task, obligation, or assigned function is performed, use the subtype 'CarryingOutaTask'. For actions in which one agent directs the actions of another, use 'DirectingAnAgent' or a subtype. There are three senses of 'do' in WordNet that are difficult to distinguish. One possibility will be to distinguish between nominalized specific actions ('did a dance') and words that reference actions indirectly ('did his job', 'did her duty'). As of v0.50 rev 681, these distinctions are not made in COSMO. The sense of 'run' used in 'run a test' or 'run an experiment' or 'run a program on a computer' is included in this COSMO type. The last would also be an instance of 'OperatingaPoweredDevice' (i.e. the computer) This includes three of the verb senses of 'do' and parts of senses 13 and 16 of 'run' and noun sense 2 of 'execution' and verb sense 1 of 'carry out' and part of sense 1 of 'conduct' (as in 'conduct an experiment/test') in Wordnet: 1. (526) make, do - (engage in; 'make love, not war'; 'make an effort'; 'do research'; 'do nothing'; 'make revolution') 2. (173) perform, execute, do - (carry out or perform an action; 'John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters'; 'the skater executed a triple pirouette'; 'she did a little dance') 3. (134) do, perform - (get (something) done; 'I did my job') WN verb 'run' 13. (3) run, execute - (carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine; 'Run the dishwasher'; 'run a new program on the Mac'; 'the computer executed the instruction') 16. (3) run - (cause to perform; 'run a subject'; 'run a process') WN noun 'execution' 2. (2) performance, execution, carrying out, carrying into action - (the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; 'they criticised his performance as mayor'; 'experience generally improves performance') WN 'carry out' 1. (26) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') WN verb 'conduct' 1. (46) conduct, carry on, deal - (direct the course of; manage or control; 'You cannot conduct business like this') WN verb 'perform': 2. (19) perform - (perform a function; 'Who will perform the wedding?')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadActionPerformed^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	DoingSomething^c OverDoingSomething^c EngagingInAnActivity^c BusinessOperation^c CommittingAnAction^c Implementation^c CarryingOutaTask^c In-HouseOperation^c Officiating^c PurposefulInaction^c ExecutingaProcedure^c
In domain of	hadActionPerformed^op

Perfume^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perfume`
Description	CYC A substance with a pleasing odor, used by people to make themselves or their surroundings smell nice. Perfumes are usually mixtures of substances derived from plants and sometimes from animal products, and are often solutions of these things in alcohol-ethanol. `NOTE: this includes as subtypes fragrant oils ad solutions like ''Cologne'' that are not technically considered as 'perfume' by some vendors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perfume' in Wordnet: 1. (5) perfume, essence - (a toiletry that emits and diffuses a fragrant odor)`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c Mixture^c ToiletrySubstance^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Fragrance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fragrant^c
Sub-classes	Cologne^c

Perfumery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perfumery`
Description	COSMO note: a building where ''Pefume'' is produced. NOTE: 'createsObject' can point to substances. `NOTE: as a subtype of 'ManufacturingFacility', each instance must specify the object (or object made of a substance) manufactored in it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perfumery' in WordNet: 3. perfumery - (an establishment where perfumes are made)`
Super-classes	ManufacturingFacility^c Building^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value Perfume^c

Pericardium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pericardium`
Description	CYC: The collection of all pericardia. Each #$Vertebrate (except some #$Fish) possess one #$Pericardium, which is a membranous sac (#$Sac-Organic) enclosing the #$Heart. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pericardium' in Wordnet: 1. pericardium - (a serous membrane with two layers that surrounds the heart)`
Super-classes	Sac-Organic^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Heart^c

Pericarp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pericarp`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pericarp' in WordNet: 1. pericarp, seed vessel - (the ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary)`
Super-classes	Shell^c Ovoid^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Seed^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value PlantOvary^c
Sub-classes	FruitPit^c SeedHusk^c

Perineum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perineum`
Description	CYC: This is the collection of perineums, that area of body extending from the in front of the anus to the fourchette in the female and to the scrotum in the male. This collection includes the perineums of any animal that has such. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perineum' in WordNet: 1. perineum - (the general region between the anus and the genital organs)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Mammal^c isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AnusAndGenitalia^c

Period^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Period

Description

A 'Period' is a 'PunctuationMark' that signals the end of a sentence, but is typographically (in English) indistinguishable from a decimalpoint. In Japanese writing, the two symbols are distinct.

  Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'period' in WordNet:
   6. (3) period, point, full stop, stop, full point - 
     (a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence
      to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations;
      'in England they call a period a stop')

Super-classes PunctuationMark^c

Periodic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Periodic`
Description	The EventAttributeValue ''Periodic'' characterizes Events that recur at (more or less) regular intervals, with the sense for irregular intervals represented by the parent attribute ''Intermittent''. `Includes all 3 adjective senses 1 of 'periodic' in WordNet: 1. (5) periodic, periodical - (happening or recurring at regular intervals) 2. (2) periodic - (recurring at regular intervals) WN adj 'intermittent': 2. intermittent - (stopping and starting at regular intervals)`
Super-classes	Intermittent^c
Sub-classes	OccurringPeriodically^c

PeriodicCharge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicCharge`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fixed charge' in WordNet: 1. fixed charge, fixed cost, fixed costs - (a periodic charge t hat does not vary with business volume (as insurance or rent or mortgage payments etc.))`
Super-classes	MoneyCharges^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op value Bill-PaymentRequest^c
Sub-classes	Interest-Monetary^c Dues^c

PeriodicEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicEvent`
Description	A ''PeriodicEvent' is an Event that recurs at certain intervals of time, which may be variable to some extent. Examples are school sessions or organization meetings. These Events do not have to be Actions - the periodic eruption of 'Old Faithful' and other geysers is an example of this type `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'periodic event' in WordNet: 1. periodic event, recurrent event - (an event that recurs at intervals)`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Periodic^c
Sub-classes	Session^c

PeriodicPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicPayment`
Description	A 'PeriodicPayment' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid at intervals of time, usually for some Right (such as the Right to use an apartment or automobile), or Obligation (such as a aloan payment) or money received as a Pension, and other types.. This is not the payment event, but the MoneyObject transferred in a Payment Event. This includes income and rentals and interest and royalty payments. In some cases, as with royalty payment, the amount may not be the same for each payment. NOTE that the range of the restriction is a 'TimeIntervalType', e.g. Month, Year, Day; if some non-standard time interval is used for some PeriodicPayment, that type will have to be created as a subtype of 'RecurringTmeInterval'.
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some InstallmentPayment^c
Sub-classes	Wage^c Rent^c Income^c Annuity^c Revenue^c PensionPayment^c InterestPayment^c

PeriodicTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicTable`
Description	Wikipedia (20201210): The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of elements, arranges the chemical elements such as hydrogen, silicon, iron, and uranium according to their recurring properties. The number of each element corresponds to the number of protons in its nucleus (which is the same as the number of electrons orbiting that nucleus). The modern periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical reactions, and is widely used in chemistry, physics and other sciences. The seven rows of the table, called periods, generally have metals on the left and nonmetals on the right. The columns, called groups, contain elements with similar chemical behaviours. Six groups have accepted names as well as assigned numbers: for example, group 17 elements are the halogens; and group 18 are the noble gases. Also displayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals. The organization of the periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the various elements, and to predict chemical properties and behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements. NOTe; IN COSMO the columns are called ''ElementGroup''s and the rows are called ''ElementPeriod''s. NOTE that both columns and rows are treated as 'list elements', viewing the table from left to right and then from top to bottom. (can this be done??) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'periodic table' in WordNet: 1. periodic table - (a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements according to atomic number as based on the periodic law)
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalTable^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op value ElementPeriod^c hasListElement^op value ElementGroup^c

PeriodicalCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicalCopy`
Description	An instance of a physical, printed periodical (e.g. newspaper, magazine, journal) the physical object, not the informational content. `issue, number`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c Paper-IBO^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some PeriodicalIssue^c
Sub-classes	Magazine-Physical^c NewspaperCopy^c Journal-Physical^c

PeriodicalIssue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicalIssue`
Description	COSMO note: this is the abstract text, not the PhysicalObject, which is represented by ''PeriodicalCopy''. Cyc: The collection of all static textual #$MediaProducts that are part of a #$PeriodicalSeries. Many copies are made of each #$PeriodicalIssue, the individual copies being instances of #$PeriodicalCopy. Until the 1990s, the copies were made of #$Paper, while since the 1990s copies of instances of #$PeriodicalIssue were sometimes also (or solely) being distributed over #$ComputerNetworks. NOTE: the WN synset does not distinguish between the physical and abstract copies, and is used for both. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'issue' in WordNet: 2. (104) issue, number - (one of a series published periodically; 'she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room')
Super-classes	PublishedMaterial^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value PeriodicalCopy^c
Sub-classes	NewspaperIssue^c Magazine-Abstract^c Journal-Abstract^c

PeriodicalPublisher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicalPublisher`
Description	A ''PeriodicalPublisher'' is a ''PeriodicalPublisher'' that publishes ''PeriodicalSeries'' (newspapers, magazines, journals). This includes on-line publishing.
Super-classes	MediaOrganization^c Publisher^c
Restrictions	hasCommercialProduct^op only PeriodicalSeries^c
Sub-classes	NewspaperPublisher^c

PeriodicalSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicalSeries`
Description	NOTE that this is the Group of abstract documents represented by the physical periodical issues. This is an AbstractObject consisting of all of the abstract ''PeriodicalIssue''s in the series. A subset would be a sister type. NOTE:it is unclear what the difference is between CYC 'Periodical' and CYC 'PeriodicalSeries' (perhaps all the issues versus some subset of issues? e.g. one 'volume' of a periodical?) - these two have been merged in this type. CYC 'Periodical': The collection of (abstract) periodicals, this will be a Group of issues. `SUMO: A Series whose elements are published separately and on a periodic basis. Cyc: The collection of all static textual #$MediaSeriesProducts that come out on a regular basis. The #$PeriodicalSeries is not created at one time, but #$PeriodicalIssue are produced on a somewhat regular basis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'periodical' in Wordnet: 1. (4) periodical - (a publication that appears at fixed intervals)`
Super-classes	Product^c PublishedMaterial^c Series^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PeriodicalIssue^c
Sub-classes	Journal^c NewspaperSeries^c MagazineSeries^c

PeriodicalTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeriodicalTopic`
Description	A 'PeriodicalTopic' is a Topic that has actually occurred as the topic of an article that has actually occurred in some periodical, which may be print or electronic periodical (or both). A periodical is some publication that is published at (more or less) regular intervals, and includes series of books on topics, such as 'The Annual Review of Biochemistry'.
Super-classes	Topic^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value PeriodicalIssue^c

Periodically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Periodically`
Description	''Periodically' is an adverb having the general meaning of 'ocurring at intervals'. This can modify assertions to assert that the Events described occur more than once, at some unspecified but approxiately regular interval of time. `NOTE: for Events occurring at irregular intervals, use the parent adverb ''Intermittently''. NOTE: this is broader than the WN gloss, characterizing Events that can occur at regular intervals. NOTE: 'sporadically' is a subAdverb. Includes but is broader than adverb sense 1 of 'periodically' in Wordnet: 1. (3) sporadically, periodically - (in a sporadic manner; 'he only works sporadically')`
Super-classes	Intermittently^c
Sub-classes	Sporadically^c

Perishable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perishable`
Description	The Tendency of a material such as tissue to decompose. The implication is that reducing the temperature or freezing will retard the decomposition process. Meat is the prototype perishable substance; fruit is less perishable but still in the 'perishable' category. Live animals or plants can be considered in a sense perishable, but only if considered as freight, or as something being stored. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perishable' in Wordnet: 1. perishable - (liable to perish; subject to destruction or death or decay; 'this minute and perishable planet'; 'perishable foods such as butter and fruit')`
Super-classes	Unstable^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo^op value Spoiling^c

Peritoneum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peritoneum`
Description	CYC: The collection of all peritonea. An instance of this collection is a membranous sac in the #$AbdominalCavity which wraps the abdominal #$Organs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peritoneum ' in Wordnet: 1. peritoneum - (a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c Sac-Organic^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Torso^c

PerjuredTestimony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerjuredTestimony`
Description	''PerjuredTestimony'' is a type of of "Testimony''' that is a ''Lie'', produced by ''Perjury'' (lying while under oath)
Super-classes	Testimony^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some Perjury^c isProducedByEventType^op value Perjury^c

Perjury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perjury`
Description	''Perjury'' is a type of lying while being under oath. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perjury' in WordNet: 1. perjury, bearing false witness, lying under oath - (criminal offense of making false statements under oath)`
Super-classes	Lying^c Crime^c Testifying^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PerjuredTestimony^c

Permanence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permanence`
Description	''Permanence'' is the Quality and state of being ''Permanent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'permanence' in WordNet: 1. (1) permanence, permanency - (the property of being able to exist for an indefinite duration)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Permanent^c
Sub-classes	Immortality^c

Permanent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permanent

Description

''Permanent'' is an attribute that specifies that some thing (state or object) can or is likely to last indefinitely. In some contexts, this may mean that a title or position lasts only as long as th position itself lasts.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'permanent' in WordNet:
        1. (13) permanent, lasting - (continuing or enduring without marked change in 
           status or condition or place; 'permanent secretary to the president';
            'permanent address'; 'literature of permanent value')
        2. permanent - (not capable of being reversed or returned to the original condition;
           'permanent brain damage')

Super-classes LongLasting^c

PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent`
Description	PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent is a RoleCreatedByEvent that persists with an Object indefinitely, as long as the Object that filled that Role in that Event continues to exist. Examples are the Role of Creator of some conceptual work, and the Role of BirthMOther.
Super-classes	RoleCreatedByEvent^c
Sub-classes	Kinsman^c

Permanently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permanently

Description

''Permanently'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that specifies that the state or process described lasts indefinitely into the future.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'permanently' in WordNet:
         1. (4) permanently, for good - 
            (for a long time without essential change; 'he is permanently disabled')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Permeability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permeability`
Description	''Permeability'' is a Quality of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that is ''Porous'' with the pores forming channels through the material so that a liquid can pss through.. `''Permeability'' is the nominalized form of ''Permeable'' - things that are ''Permeable'' have ''Permeability''. contrastsWith rdf:resource="#Impermeability"/ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'permeability' in WordNet: 1. permeability, permeableness - (the property of something that can be pervaded by a liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion))`
Super-classes	Porosity^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Permeable^c
Sub-classes	Absorbency^c

Permeable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permeable`
Description	The property of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that may be flat or three-dimensional, but in either case has gaps between parts that appear (in flat objects) as holes through the SolidObject, or in more three-dimensional objects (such as sponges), form holes into which gas or liquid may permeate. ncontrast with just 'Porous' the holes must form channels that penetrate through the object so that liquids can filter or percolate through. `CYC: #$Permeability is the capacity for a material to transmit fluids into or completely through its body. It is measured by the rate of volume at which a fluid of unit #$Viscosity passes through a unit cross section of the material under a unit #$Pressure gradient. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'permeable' in Wordnet: 1. permeable - (allowing fluids or gases to pass or diffuse through; 'permeable membranes'; 'rock that is permeable by water')`
Super-classes	Porous^c
Sub-classes	Absorbent^c

Permeating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permeating`
Description	CYC 'Permeation': The expansion and/or translation of some stuff into some area or across some barrier, e.g. an odor in a room, wetness coming through a sponge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'permeate' in WordNet: 1. (2) permeate, pervade, penetrate, interpenetrate, diffuse, imbue, riddle - (spread or diffuse through; 'An atmosphere of distrust has permeated this administration'; 'music penetrated the entire building'; 'His campaign was riddled with accusations and personal attacks') WN noun 'permeation': 1. permeation, pervasion, suffusion - (the process of permeating or infusing something with a substance)`
Super-classes	Diffusing^c Mixing^c
Sub-classes	SaturatingSomething^c

Permissible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permissible

Description

    Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'permissible' in WordNet:
      1. permissible, allowable - (that may be permitted especially as according to rule; 
        'permissible behavior in school'; 'a permissible tax deduction')
      2. permissible - (that may be accepted or conceded; 'a kind of speculation 
         that was permissible in cosmology but inadmissible in medicine')

Super-classes Unstable^c

Permission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permission`
Description	A Permission is any Right to do something granted by an Authority that could refuse to grant that Right. The Right is granted in a 'GrantingPermission' Event. `The term 'authorization' is used in a similar sense to 'permission' but in some cases it suggests an 'official' (governmental?) authority doing the permitting. RHW non sense 2 of 'authorization': 2. permission or power granted by an authority; sanction. It is added here to cover that usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'permission' in WordNet: 1. (5) permission - (approval to do something; 'he asked permission to leave')`
Super-classes	Right^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some GrantingPermission^c
Sub-classes	Visa-Permit^c License^c Admittance^c Entitlement^c AdmissionToMembership^c CommercialUseLicense^c Authorization^c Consent^c Sanction^c Franchise^c

Permitted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Permitted`
Description	`No adj sense of 'permitted' in WordNet.`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Pernicious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pernicious

Description

''Pernicious'' is the attributeValue characteriing things (Events or Objects) that are ''Harmful'' but ''Inconspicuous'' . 'pernicious anemia'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pernicious' in Wordnet:
           2. insidious, pernicious, subtle - (working or spreading in a hidden 
             and usually injurious way; 'glaucoma is an insidious disease'; 'a subtle poison')

Super-classes Inconspicuous^c
Unobvious^c
Harmful^c
Bad^c

PeromyscusGenus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeromyscusGenus`
Description	CYC: A collection of species of #$Mouse-Rodent, common in North America.
Super-classes	Mouse^c
Sub-classes	DeerMouse^c

Peroxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peroxide`
Description	A ''Peroxide'' is any ChemicalCompound that has a ''PeroxideGroup'' as part of its structure. This can be for organic or inorganic substances, and is therefore not a subclass of ''Oxide'' (inorganic only). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peroxide' in WordNet: 2. peroxide - (an inorganic compound containing the divalent ion -O-O-)`
Super-classes	Oxide^c ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Sub-classes	BenzoylPeroxide^c HydrogenPeroxide^c

PeroxideGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeroxideGroup`
Description	A ''PeroxideGroup'' is a Group of two ''Oxygen'' atoms linked to each other by a single bond, and each atom either linked to some other atom by a single bond or in an ionized or radical form. `NOTE: as a ''Group'' the bonds of the component Oxygen atoms must be expressed as a property of the Group, unless they are included as a componentElement of the Group. Neither manner is logically specified here. @ToDo.`
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2 hasConstituentSubstance^op value Oxygen^c

Perpendicular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perpendicular`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perpendicular' in Wordnet: 1. perpendicular - (intersecting at or forming right angles; 'the axes are perpendicular to each other')`
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c

PerpendicularLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerpendicularLine`
Description	`NOTE: a ''PerpendicularLine'' is ''Perpendicular'' to another ''StraightLine''. This relation should be expressed here, but the CYC relation 'PerpendicularTo' has not yet been represented in COSMO. Should be added when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perpendicular' in WordNet: 1. perpendicular - (a straight line at right angles to another line)`
Super-classes	StraightLine^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Perpendicular^c

PerpetuatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PerpetuatingSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'perpetuate' in WordNet: 1. (10) perpetuate - (cause to continue or prevail; 'perpetuate a myth')`
Super-classes	SustainingAnActivity^c Translocation^c

Perplexed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perplexed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perplexed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) perplexed - (full or difficulty or confusion or bewilderment; 'perplexed language'; 'perplexed state of the world')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Puzzled^c Baffled^c

Perplexing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perplexing`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perplex' in WordNet: 1. perplex, vex, stick, get, puzzle, mystify, baffle, beat, pose, bewilder, flummox, stupefy, nonplus, gravel, amaze, dumbfound - (be a mystery or bewildering to; 'This beats me!'; 'Got me-I don't know the answer!'; 'a vexing problem'; 'This question really stuck me') WN verb 'stump': 1. (1) stump, mix up - (cause to be perplexed or confounded; 'This problem stumped her')`
Super-classes	CauseConfusion^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Puzzled^c

Persecuting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Persecuting`
Description	CYC 'Persecution': A specialization of #$HostileSocialAction. Each instance of #$Persecution is a hostile event in which a person or group of persons is subject to oppression or harassment in virtue of their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or beliefs. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'persecute' in WordNet: 1. (2) persecute, oppress - (cause to suffer; 'Jews were persecuted in the former Soviet Union') WN noun 'persection': 1. (3) persecution - (the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)) WN noun 'opression': 1. (1) oppression, subjugation - (the act of subjugating by cruelty; 'the tyrant's oppression of the people')`
Super-classes	AnnoyingEvent^c MistreatingaPerson^c HostileSocialAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repeated^c

Perseverance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perseverance`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perseverance' in WordNet: 1. doggedness, perseverance, persistence, persistency, tenacity, tenaciousness, pertinacity - (persistent determination)
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c

Persevering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Persevering`
Description	''Persevering'' is a ''Continuation'' of some ''Action'' that does not stop even when continuing is difficult and may require much effort, and would cause a Person who is not ''Persistent'' to discontinue.. 'nevertheless, she persisted' NOTE: as the WN gloss suggests, 'persisting'may create annoyance when it affects other people. Perhaps there should be a subtype This is not a subtype of ''PersistingEvent'' because it is not necessarily a ''PersistentState'', it can be a ''BecomingEvent'' (a change) which would be inconsistent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'persevere' in WordNet: 1. (1) persevere, persist, hang in, hang on, hold on - (be persistent, refuse to stop; 'he persisted to call me every night'; 'The child persisted and kept asking questions') WN noun 'perseverance': 2. perseverance, persistence, perseveration - (the act of persisting or persevering; continuing or repeating behavior; 'his perseveration continued to the point where it was no longer appropriate')
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c Continuation^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ExtendingaTimeInterval^c

Persistent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Persistent`
Description	''Persistent'' is an attribute of a Person who continues to act in spite of difficulties. . @ToDo: needs a type ''persisting Action' for the Person with this attribute to Perform. NOTE: the 'the relentless beat of the drums' should have attribute ''Steady'' or ''PersistingForHours''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'persistent' in Wordnet: 1. (10) persistent, relentless, unrelenting - (never-ceasing; 'the relentless beat of the drums')`
Super-classes	PersistingForHours^c PersonTraitValue^c
Sub-classes	Assiduous^c Diligent^c

PersistentState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersistentState`
Description	A PersistentState is an Event in which all represented attributes or relations (any one or more 'fluents' in PSL) remains constant over some time interval. Representing this state does not imply that nothing is going on or changing over that time interval, but that the represented attributes remain constant over that time interval. A PersistentState cannnot also be a ''BecomingEvent'' (where something represented changes), but can have a ''BecomingEvent'' as a subEvent. For example, a person can be represented as being in a 'sitting state' even though s/he may be doing many things in that interval of time. An agent can be doing things during a PersistentState, as long as the relevant attribute(s) that characterize the state remain constant (within some degree of tolerance) during all parts of the state, within some level of granularity. It is possible that there are events that are not themselves 'PersistentState''s and are subevents of a PersistentState. For example, a repetitive action may continue during the time the PersistentState is in effect; an alternating current can be changing its voltage with any frequency, but as long as it can be said to be 'flowing' then it can be represented as a PersistentState. A Volcano can be 'in eruption' and lava be flowing, and that can be represented as a PersistentState. These subevents themselves can be represented as 'change'events (''BecomingEvent''s) that are disjoint with a ''PersistentState''. Thus a ''PersistentState'' can have necessarily included subEvents that are not themselves ''PersistentState''s. One common use of this concept in COSMO is to represent ''Feeling''s and the notion of 'having an attribute'. When relevant, the AttributeVales that are characteristic of a ''PersistentState'' can be pointed to by the relation: (PersistentState) isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute (AttributeValue) and when relevant, the inverse can point from the Attribute to the state: (AttributeValue) isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing (PersistentState) NOTE that the restriction requires that for any instance of such a 'PersistentState', the entity that is in that state be specified. A special limiting subtype would be an InstantaneousState, for which the time interval is of zero duration. A PersistentState can be represented even though some attributes of a system may be changing, if the knowledge enterer chooses to focus only on those attributes that are not changing, and does not represent the attributes that are changing. The salient thing that is not changing is pointed to by the relation ''hasSubjectOfState''. NOTE That if an Object is specified as ''HavingAnAttribute'' during some interval of time, that is equivalent to specifying the existence of a PersistentState for that Object during that interval. This can be explicitly represented by relation ''hasSubjectOfState'' NOTE: If a situation that otherwise appears to be a ''PersistentState'' has intervals in it, when the necessary properties asserted for the Event do not apply, then such an Event is represented by ''DiscontinuousEvent'' There are Many Events that have small pauses when nothing is happening, but are still considered intuitively as continuous. The ontologist then needs decide whether there would be a logical contradiction if such an Event were represented as 'Persistent'. NOTE also that representing a PersistentState in which some attribute(s) remain constant over some interval of time does not imply that there are no attributes that change. A person sitting in a chair can be represented as in the persistent state of sitting, while at the same time many internal biological proceses may be going on. The meaning of ''PersistentState'', as well as for Events generally, only extends to those attributes (or fluents) that are explicitly represented in (or logically inferred from) the represented description of the specific type or instance of Event/PersistentState. NOTE that the relation ''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute'' is used to relate states to AttributeValues that (by definition) continue during that state. Such a subproperty can be created if enough need arises to distinguish that relation from the more generic The inverse relation already exists: ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing'' Related concepts: Trait PersistentState(Feeling/HavingAnAttribute) AttributeValue Trait isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait Trait AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing PersistentState(any EventType) AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling Feeling Feeling isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue COSMO note: linguistically, the existence of a PersistentState may be expressed by asserting a 'state', 'condition' or 'situation', or by using a verb or an adjective. One can say 'the airplane was flying for three hours'; 'the balloon stayed in the air several days'; 'Tom remained sitting during the party'; 'his face was red for five minutes'; 'He was angry for a week'; 'the motor ran continuously for a week'. NOTE: 'State' is an ambiguous term with at least two frequently used but different meanings; it is synonymous with two terms: (1) PersistentState: A state of affairs that persists over some period of time is what is most commonly referred to as a 'state', if one includes the special case where the interval is zero, i.e. the 'state' is the state at a particular moment. (2) A Nation, or the first administrative subdivision of a Nation.. A less common meaning would be an AbstractState, such as the modeled 'state' of a computation in some computer program or algorithm. when it is being considered as a mathematical or computational abstraction, rather than the actual physical state in a physical computer. For this last, see 'AbstractState'. Therefore 'State' is a potentially confusing and deprecated term in COSMO and appears only in the tag list for the different types. COSMO note: DOLCE has a convoluted description of what a 'State' is. For COSMO, a PersistentState (what appears to be a 'State' in DOLCE) it is very simply an Event in which none of the represented attributes change over some interval of time - - i.e. nothing changes that the knowledge enterer considers significant for her/his purposes. This can be viewed as the limiting case of an Event, in which so little of significance happens that it is not worth mentioning. Or, it can be simply the representation of certain attributes of a system that are not changing, while ignoring other attributes that may be changing. DOLCE: Within stative occurrences, we distinguish between states and processes according to homeomericity: sitting is classified as a state but running is classified as a process, since there are (very short) temporal parts of a running that are not themselves runnings.In general, states differ from situations because they are not assumed to have a description from which they depend. They can be sequenced by some course, but they do not require a description as a unifying criterion.On the other hand, at any time, one can conceive a description that asserts the constraints by which a state of a certain type is such, and in this case, it becomes a situation.Since the decision of designing an explicit description that unifies a perdurant depends on context, task, interest, application, etc., when aligning an ontology to DLP, there can be indecision on where to align a state-oriented class. For example, in the WordNet alignment, we have decided to put only some physical states under 'state', e.g. 'turgor', in order to stress the social orientedness of DLP. But whereas we need to talk explicitly of the criteria by which we conceive turgor states, these will be put under 'situation'.Similar considerations are made for the other types of perdurants in DOLCE. A different notion of event (dealing with change) is currently investigated for further developments: being 'achievement', 'accomplishment', 'state', 'event', etc. can be also considered 'aspects' of processes or of parts of them. For example, the same process 'rock erosion in the Sinni valley' can be conceptualized as an accomplishment (what has brought the current state that e.g. we are trying to explain), as an achievement (the erosion process as the result of a previous accomplishment), as a state (if we collapse the time interval of the erosion into a time point), or as an event (what has changed our focus from a state to another).In the erosion case, we could have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) condensation d) transition (causality). If we want to consider all the aspects of a process together, we need to postulate a unifying descriptive set of criteria (i.e. a 'description'), according to which that process is circumstantiated in a 'situation'. The different aspects will arise as a parts of a same situation. Includes noun senses 4 of 'state', senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'situation' sense 1 of 'thing' and part of verb sense 1 of 'stay' and senses 1 and 2 of 'remain', in WordNet and includes verb sense 2 of 'stay' which is more specifically represented by the COSMO subtype 'RemainingInaLocation': in WordNet: 4. (142) state - (the way something is with respect to its main attributes; 'the current state of knowledge'; 'his state of health'; 'in a weak financial state') WN verb 'stay': 1. (43) stay, remain, rest - (stay the same; remain in a certain state; 'The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it'; 'rest assured'; 'stay alone'; 'He remained unmoved by her tears'; 'The bad weather continued for another week') 2. (32) stay, stick, stick around, stay put - (stay put (in a certain place); 'We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati'; 'Stay put in the corner here!'; 'Stick around and you will learn something!') WN noun 'situation': 1. (65) situation, state of affairs - (the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; 'the present international situation is dangerous'; 'wondered how such a state of affairs had come about'; 'eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation'- Franklin D.Roosevelt) 2. (19) situation, position - (a condition or position in which you find yourself; 'the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils'; 'found herself in a very fortunate situation') 3. situation - (a complex or critical or unusual difficulty; 'the dangerous situation developed suddenly'; 'that's quite a situation'; 'no human situation is simple') WN noun 'thing': 1. (404) thing - (a special situation; 'this thing has got to end'; 'it is a remarkable thing') WN noun 'temporary state': 1. temporary state - (a state that continues for a limited time)
Super-classes	Event^c stative_DOLCE^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some owl:Thing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Steady^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Continued^c
Sub-classes	PersonalCircumstances^c SocialRelationship^c Isolation^c ContinuingInAcceptance^c NonEvent^c NeglectingSomething^c SocialState^c Distinctiveness^c StartingState^c Ending^c MentalState^c PhysicalSituation^c StateOfUnion^c Orderliness^c Drought^c Circumstance^c Crisis^c InstantaneousState^c Quality^c FinalState^c HeartBeating^c ChildCustody^c Fatness^c RelativeState^c Stoppage^c Upside^c ProcessStage^c Maturity^c BeingAwake^c SpiritualIllumination^c Responsibility^c Disequilibrium^c GameScore^c Disorder^c ContestResult^c Justice^c InternalState^c Aura^c Secrecy^c Typifying^c EnlargedState^c NotWantingAnAction^c DisagreementEvent^c AspectOfaProblem^c BasisForAnAction^c StaticSituation^c StageOfDevelopment^c StorageOfSomething^c ObjectCondition^c PersistingEvent^c Sensitivity^c PurposefulInaction^c Flexibility^c Liking^c BeingRelated^c StayingInaPlace^c Immaturity^c Hiatus^c BeingInaRole^c BeingDead^c HatingEvent^c SharingaResource^c Complementarity^c Safeness^c Fitting^c Urgency^c Aspect^c Confidentiality^c Intransigence^c Stagnation^c Haste^c Matching^c AbstainingFromAlcohol^c Existence^c HumanRelationship^c HavingSomething^c NonExistence^c Breathing^c BlockingSituation^c Destiny^c StateOfSeparation^c LackingSomething^c SystemCondition^c NewDevelopment^c ProblemSituation^c
In domain of	hasObjectOfState^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicSafety http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NoMurdersInTexas

Persistently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Persistently`
Description	`Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference) of 'persistently' in Wordnet: 1. (1) persistently - (in a persistent manner; 'he was asking questions, unavoidable questions, persistently...') 2. (1) persistently - (with persistence)`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Assiduously^c

PersistingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersistingEvent`
Description	A 'PersistingEvent' is an 'PersistentState'' in which some (subject of the state = 'patient') Object persists (continues to exist) in our 'Real World') in some sense over some period of time, including just 'staying alive'. This is distinguished from ''Occurrence'' in the an ''Occurrence'' need not be an ''PersistingEvent'', it can be a change (''BecomingEvent''). What distinguishes a ''PersistingEvent'' from its parent type ''PersistentState'' in addition to being a subtype of ''RealExistence'', is that in a ''PersistingEvent'' there may be something significant going on while the thing that is repreented as a necessary condition throughout the Event remains constant. This then is useful for when the ontologist wants to specify that some property remains constant,while some ''ProcessType'' is also going on but not changing the thing that remains constant. This subtlety is expressed by the restriction requiring that the ongoing process type be specified, in any given instance of ''PersistingEvent''. When possible, for subtypes of ''PersistingEvent'' where the ongoing process is a necessary condition of that kind of Event, that ongoing process should be specified.. ??Examples?? This can also be used for continuing to have some Attribute. This is a subtype of 'PersistentState' because the focus is on the continued existence of something, even though in a 'PersistingEvent' the Object that survives and other objects may be changed in some way, but the changes will not change the identity or basic functionality of the object. The basic sense of a 'PersistingEvent' is that the main functionality of the Object remains at the end of the Event, i.e. that the Object survives intact. This type is intended to capture the notion of 'surviving' or 'persisting' - whether for living or non-living things, physical or abstract (as, ideas or languages may survive). For an Event in which an Object survives with functionality intact after enduring some stress that could damage its functionality, use 'WithstandingEvent'. Instances of this type will carry the implied notion that under similar circumstances, similar object have a non-trivial probability of not persisting. However, the 'PersistingEvent' may be over the course of ordinary wear situations, and the 'survival' of a Person for some interval of years would be an instance of this type, even if nothing especially hazardous happened in that interval (if a piece of clothing persists longer than expected for normal wear, that would be an instance of the subtype 'WithstandingEvent'). For intervals in which something withstood unusual stresses that pose a significant likelihood of damage, use 'WithstandingEvent'. Includes senses 1 of 'persist', 1 and 2 of 'survive', sense 6 and 7 of 'endure', and sense 1 and 2 of 'last' in WordNet: WN verb 'survive': 1. (20) survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out - (continue to live; endure or last; 'We went without water and food for 3 days'; 'These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America'; 'The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents'; 'how long can a person last without food and water?') 2. (8) survive, pull through, pull round, come through, make it - (continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.); 'He survived the cancer against all odds') WN verb 'endure': 6. last, endure - (persist for a specified period of time; 'The bad weather lasted for three days') 7. prevail, persist, die hard, run, endure - (continue to exist; 'These stories die hard'; 'The legend of Elvis endures') WN noun 'survival': 1. (10) survival, endurance - (a state of surviving; remaining alive)
Super-classes	RealExistence^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingProcess^op some ProcessType^c
Sub-classes	BadExperience^c TheseDays^c WithstandingEvent^c Living^c BeingDead^c GoodTime^c Stagnation^c BeingInaPlace^c

PersistingForHours^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersistingForHours`
Description	''PersistingForHours'' is the Tendency of an object or substance to continue without perceptible change for at least several hours, in the Earth's gravitational field, an normal temperatures (10-30 deg. C). For Longer periods or degrees of persistence use subtype ''Stable''.
Super-classes	Steady^c
Sub-classes	Persistent^c Stable^c

Person^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Person`
Description	Person(Cyc) Human(SUMO) Person is a member of the species Homo Sapiens, and is a synonym of 'Human Being'. As with other categories, this general Type includes all variants, in all contexts, so a fetus is a Person, a dead person is a Person, a fictional person is a Person, and a hypothetical but not yet conceived person is also a Person. The type of Person one is dealing with depends on the context. We typically want to deal with living persons, and that category is provided for convenience as the subType 'LivingPerson'. There is, however, no restriction on whether a Person or LivingPerson exists in the real world or in some fictional or hypothetical world; that distinction is left to the context to disambiguate. Allowing a dead Person to be a Person and also requiring that a Person is a PhysicalObject with mass presents a problem. Where is the mass of a dead Person? To allow this representation, we require every dead person to have 'remains', which would be the physical object that 'is' the Person. The 'remains' do not have to be an identifiable corpse, but can be the trace matter of a person's body, even if too dispersed to be recognizable as a Person's remains (e.g. ashes). A dead Person may 'be located' wherever its remains are, which could be widely dispersed; however, it is unlikely that the 'location' of a dead person will ever be an issue other than when the corpse is in a known grave; it is mentioned here only to provide a clear understanding of the intended meaning. Only a LivingPerson or a Corpse are compact physical objects that are Persons. 'Skeletal remains' may be dispered, and will not necessarily be compact objects. Other odd implications come if one (perhaps in a fictional context) talks about the ghost of a dead person. The ghost itself is immaterial (see 'Soul'), therefore has no physical location. If there is a physical manifestation of the ghost, the manifestation has material aspects (e.g. light waves), which are material and do have a location. So, if one wants to talk about a ghost being in a particular location, it would be necessary in COSMO to talk about its manifestation. For a ghost, its physical manifestation would (in some hypothetical context) play a role similar to the body of a living person. That is not yet (rev841) formalized. NOTE that in COSMO, when importing assertions created outside of a COSMO-aware system, it is permitted for default reasoning purposes to use the generic type of Organisms as meaning the typical adult, and specify attributes for the instances accordingly. If in some application or context it is necessary to deal with abnormal variants of an organism whether immature, diseased, or otherwise impaired, the categories 'ImmatureOrganism' or 'AbnormalOrganism' can be used. If one needs to make provision for abnormal (or dead) organisms, the default mechanisms must be used with extreme care. The subtype of 'LivingPerson' should be considered, though that category still includes fictional and hypothetical persons.. @ToDo: Defaults are usually handled using 'typically' relations, but for organisms all restrictions on the type are considered as default: this needs to be specified in rules in the FOL version. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all human beings. Something is an instance of #$Person just in case it is a member of the species Homo Sapiens, and thus #$Person is an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies in the #$BiologyMt. Persons are the most intelligent kind of #$Primate, and the only kind known to be naturally capable of speaking a language. #$Person excludes non-human legal persons, who are, however, included in the collection #$LegalAgent. SUMO: Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo genus. COSMO note: the superfluous parent Type 'Thing' was added so as to make this important Type easily visible by drill-down in the hierarchy. NOTE: Using 'Somebody' is often a placeholder for some unspecified person. This is a class, as there will be many 'Somebody's. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'person', noun sense 1 of 'human' and sense 1 of 'human being' and sense 2 of 'soul' in WordNet: WN 'person' 1. (7229) person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal, soul - (a human being; there was too much for one person to do') WN 'human' 1. (5) homo, man, human being, human - (any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage)
Super-classes	HumanAgent^c AgentiveIntelligentObject^c Hominid^c LegalAgent^c Agent-NonArtifact^c Something^c owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	GreekPerson^c Editor^c Sleepyhead^c TransSexual^c Bowler^c GermanPerson^c Defeatist^c Climber^c InsuredPerson^c Collector^c Swede^c Demonstrator^c LebanesePerson^c Auditor^c SickPerson^c PersonInAnAgeBracket^c PersonByNationality^c Supporter^c Curser^c BarefootPerson^c HandicappedPerson^c YugoslavPerson^c NigerianPerson^c Realist^c Namesake^c Carer^c DeadPerson^c SonOrDaughter^c Fighter^c PersonByEthnicity^c Scot^c BowlerHat^c Deportee^c JewishPerson^c ImmunePerson^c RepublicanPartyMember^c Eccentric^c NonConformist^c Chef^c MuslimPerson^c OnePerson^c EuropeanPerson^c Taker^c Redhead^c DisabledPerson^c Dancer^c BlindPerson^c MalePerson^c Baker^c Intruder^c Peddler^c Fisher^c KuwaitiPerson^c Nazi^c HumanMutant^c Slave^c UnfortunatePerson^c AlbanianPerson^c WashedOutFlop^c Prisoner^c PortuguesePerson^c Someone^c HawaiianPerson^c NormanPerson^c IndianPerson^c PubescentHuman^c ComputerCracker^c SudanesePerson^c LookAlike^c Blonde^c SeatedPerson^c PreyForCriminals^c MoroccanPerson^c IrishPerson^c Journalist^c CommonMan^c LivingPerson^c VenetianPerson^c Surfer^c ArmenianPerson^c AthleticCoach^c Nomad^c Trainer^c Scriptwriter^c Shopper^c Anti-AmericanPerson^c Serb^c Planner^c Telephoner^c ShowProducer^c CzechPerson^c Mastermind^c SaudiPerson^c ColombianPerson^c Welshman^c IsraeliPerson^c MedicalPatient^c ToplessPerson^c PeruvianPerson^c MoneyGrubber^c HumanAdult^c Recruiter^c AlgerianPerson^c Liberal^c Argentinian^c ConservativePerson^c FitPerson^c PrimitivePerson^c Detainee^c Newlywed^c ChildcareWorker^c Player^c Actor^c Petitioner^c LithuanianPerson^c Optimist^c Personification^c Ornithologist^c ParisianPerson^c FemalePerson^c Heir^c MissingPerson^c Naif^c Quitter^c Narrator^c Semanticist^c UnpleasantPerson^c Filipino^c Physiologist^c Glutton^c Pensioner^c PalestinianPerson^c Self^c IranianPerson^c RestingPerson^c RunawayPerson^c Killer^c Democrat^c BrazilianPerson^c SmartPerson^c KoreanPerson^c JamaicanPerson^c NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject^c FrenchPerson^c MexicanPerson^c JordanianPerson^c Giant^c Smoker^c Believer^c BelgianPerson^c Interviewer^c Slaveholder^c Botanist^c Liar^c Correspondent^c Promiser^c AsianPerson^c Watcher^c Commuter^c VenezuelanPerson^c Imitator^c Giver^c LaundryMan^c GuatemalanPerson^c HumanYouth^c Sioux^c MagicalPerson^c Subscriber^c TaiwanesePerson^c Bidder^c StupidPerson^c Pessimist^c EgyptianPerson^c Logician^c Reader^c Eater^c RunnerUp^c MaverickPerson^c Conspirator^c UnsuccessfulPerson^c SomaliPerson^c Anybody^c AustrianPerson^c Individualist^c HumanRole^c Diver^c Economist^c UnskilledPerson^c MormonPerson^c RomanianPerson^c ComputerProgrammer^c TicketAgent^c Episcopalian^c UnidentifiedPerson^c AppalachianPerson^c HaitianPerson^c Swinger-Sexual^c Scapegoat^c Finn^c Speaker^c Idler^c Butcher^c Virtuoso^c Insomniac^c Follower^c Professor^c Candidate^c Hostage^c YoungHuman^c Dissenter^c Consumer^c EthiopianPerson^c SmallPerson^c Athlete^c PersonaNonGrata^c CommissionMember^c NorwegianPerson^c
In domain of	hasFamilyName^op hasDaughter^op isWellAcquaintedWith^op isaRelativeOf^op isaNativeOf^op hasBodyHeight^op isaCitizenOf^op isaKinOf^op hasFirstName^op hasBodyHeightInMeters^dp hasMilitaryDecoration^op hasCaptivityStatus^op hasBirthplace^op hasWife^op hasHusband^op hasSpouse^op hasMiddleName^op hasChild^op hasGivenName^op isaColleagueOf^op hasFacialHair^op hasSon^op hasPoliticalAffiliation^op
In range of	isaKinOf^op isaRelativeOf^op hasParent^op isTheMotherOf^op hasHeadOfGovernment^op hasSpouse^op isaColleagueOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatrickCassidy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Anonymous1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeorgeHWBush http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BabyBeethoven http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HamletPrinceOfDenmark http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownPerson http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tamerlane http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DiogenesTheCynic http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RogerPrice

Person-Hour^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Person-Hour

Description

''Person-Hours'' is TimeDuration that co-ccurs with some amount or work performed by some Person (male or female). This has been traditionally called a 'man hour' and is used to measure the quantity of labor required or expended to perform some output from human labor.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'person hour' in WordNet:
       1. man hour, person hour - (a time unit used in industry for measuring work)

Super-classes PhysicalQuantity^c
TimeDuration^c

Person-SupportingFurniture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Person-SupportingFurniture`
Description	COSMO note: Cyc concept, but no Cyc comment. This should be used for chairs, stools, beds, etc. Not clear if it is useful (v0.22)
Super-classes	Object-SupportingFurniture^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Hassock^c Bed^c Bench^c AutoSeat^c Chair^c Stool^c Sofa^c

PersonAndAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonAndAnimal`
Description	Each ''PersonAndAnimal'' is Group composed of one ''Person'' and one ''NonHumanAnimal''. For one use see ''Bestiality''.
Super-classes	TwoAgentGroup^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Person^c hasComponentElement^op some NonHumanAnimal^c

PersonAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonAttributeValue`
Description	An attribute meaningful only as applied to people.
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Disgusted^c FeelingAttribute^c Grateful^c SocialStatusAttribute^c Pleased^c Well-educated^c Guilt-Ridden^c Malicious^c Pubescent^c Lazy^c Impatient^c Middle-Class^c Infallible^c Surprised^c Resentful^c Patient^c Literate^c Ashamed^c Willing^c PersonTraitValue^c Manipulative^c Poor^c Well-off^c Homeless^c Bald^c Jaded^c Stupid^c Offended^c Obligated^c Unassertive^c Obliged^c Influential^c Respectful^c Annoyed^c Hopeful^c

PersonByEthnicity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonByEthnicity`
Description	Each ''PersonByEthnicity'' is a person who is a member of some identifiable ethnic group, or some national or regional origin, or some group traditionally living in some region not otherwise identified as a modern country (i.e. not specifiable as a ''PersonByNationality''). `This can be for races, tribes, cultures, or any common trait that is not a nationality. Example: AmericanIhdian.`
Super-classes	Person^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value EthnicGroup^c
Sub-classes	IndianOceanPerson^c GeorgianPerson-US^c CalifornianPerson^c TibetanPerson^c CaucasianPerson^c GeorgianPerson^c AlaskanPerson^c Arab^c AmericanIndian^c Negro^c Croat^c ChileanPerson^c

PersonByNationality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonByNationality`
Description	'PersonByNationality' is a type whose subtypes are groups of people who share a common nationality - cirizens of, born in, or long-time residents of some Country. `In Cyc called 'Nationality' Cyc: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$Nationality is the collection of all people who are citizens of some country, or who are participants in its #$NationalCulture to some significant degree -- or else are instances of #$StatelessPerson. Instances include #$UnitedStatesPerson, #$FrenchPerson, and #$AustralianCitizenOrSubject. See also the first-order collection #$PersonWithNationality.`
Super-classes	Person^c
Sub-classes	BrazilianPerson^c KoreanPerson^c JamaicanPerson^c CanadianPerson^c FrenchPerson^c MexicanPerson^c JordanianPerson^c BelgianPerson^c TaiwanesePerson^c EgyptianPerson^c LebanesePerson^c SomaliPerson^c AustrianPerson^c RomanianPerson^c HaitianPerson^c Finn^c EthiopianPerson^c UnitedStatesPerson^c GreekPerson^c GermanPerson^c HawaiianPerson^c DanishPerson^c PolishPerson^c YugoslavPerson^c NigerianPerson^c PakistanPerson^c Scot^c CzechPerson^c SaudiPerson^c PeruvianPerson^c KuwaitiPerson^c AlbanianPerson^c PortuguesePerson^c LithuanianPerson^c NormanPerson^c IndianPerson^c IrishPerson^c VenetianPerson^c ArmenianPerson^c Serb^c RomanPerson^c VietnamesePerson^c ColombianPerson^c Welshman^c IsraeliPerson^c BritishPerson^c Argentinian^c ParisianPerson^c Filipino^c PalestinianPerson^c IranianPerson^c

PersonIdentifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonIdentifier`
Description	A PersonIdentifier is an Identifier that is intended to refer to one specific person. This may be a name string, a number, or a BiometricIdentifier.
Super-classes	Identifier^c
Sub-classes	BiometricIdentifier^c SocialSecurityNumber^c PersonName^c

PersonInAnAgeBracket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonInAnAgeBracket`
Description	A ''PersonInAnAgeBracket'' is a ''Person'' who is within some range of ages - coresponding to some range of birth years.
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op only NumberRange^c

PersonName^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonName

Description

A 'PersonName' is a Name that identifies a Person; this can be a full name, first name, last name, nickname, etc.

    Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'name' in WordNet (for
    people only):
    in WordNet:
       1. (698) name - - (a language unit by which a person or thing is known;
         'his name really is George Washington'; 'those are two names for the same thing')

Super-classes Name^c
PersonIdentifier^c

PersonShaped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonShaped`
Description	The three-dimensional shape of a typical person: a head, torso, two arms, two legs. People with missing limbs will have a different shape attribute.
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c

PersonTendency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonTendency`
Description	Each 'PersonTendency' is a ''PersonTraitValue'' specifically applicable to people and labeled by words ending in '-ness'. `This is somewhat superfluous in that there is no clear logical or concpetual distinction between this type and the parent ''PersonTraitValue'', but it is here to collect all such traits that are only expressed by words ending in '-ness'. NOTE that many ''PersonTraitValue''s have synonyms ending in '-ness', but also have othr labels, e.g. 'Bravery' has the synonym 'braveness'.`
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op some ActionType^c

PersonTraitValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonTraitValue`
Description	A 'PersonTraitValue' is an AnimalTraitValue specifically applicable to people. A TraitValue is a characteristic that describes a habitual mode of acting, and is perceived as a part of the personality of the animal (or person). Each subtype of 'PersonTraitValue' is a PersonalityTrait that may be assigned to some individual animal, usually used for people (for people use the subtype 'PersonTraitValue' and its subtypes). Examples are kindness, thriftiness, gregariousness. The Types are categorized by nouns, but the equivalent assignments of such traits to people in linguistic statements will typically use adjectives such as 'a kind person'. These are the values for the AttributeType 'PersonalityTrait'. See also ''Tendency'' for a closely related type that is a Trait. Relation?? In COSMO this is an AttributeValue, and specifically a type of 'Temdency', indicating that a Person having this Tendency is more likely to perform certain acts than a Person not having that 'Tendency'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'disposition', sense 1 of 'tendency' and sense 1 of 'inclination' in Wordnet, all applying to animal (usually human) behavioral tendencies: in WordNet: 3. inclination, disposition, tendency - (an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; 'he had an inclination to give up too easily'; 'a tendency to be too strict')
Super-classes	Tendency^c PersonAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isaValueOf^op value PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c Intelligent^c Tasteful^c Talented^c Bossy^c Manly^c Persistent^c Promising^c Ignorant^c Knowledgeable^c EmotionallyDisposed^c Fierce^c Impartial^c AbleToSpeakaLanguage^c Obedient^c Proclivity^c DisposedToReason^c PersonTendency^c

PersonType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonType`
Description	PersonType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for a Person in its aspect as an animal, rather than a Role, and an argument restriction for various relations on people. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c IntelligentAgentType^c AnimalType^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryRankType^c HumanRoleType^c
Members	Loser LocalLawEnforcementOfficer Wench Receptionist Delegate Groom LovedOne HumanInfant OrganizationMember Sensualist Porter Mufti Trainer StateGovernor OldHuman Addict VicePresidentOfTheUnitedStates KarateEvent NewYorkCop SixYearOldChild LadyNoble VenezuelanPerson Wrangler Endocrinologist Convict Peer Shopper CorporateOfficer GermanPerson Lawyer Two-Timer BiologicalRelation Arab Editor Cartoonist Moghul Donor Redneck Moderator Jihadist Rogue IceMan Oceanographer Gardener Surrogate Foreigner Experimenter RentalProperty Layman Cripple ArtOrFashionModel Serb VirtuosoMusician Synagogue-LocalCongregation Hero Communist Cheerleader IceSkater ClassifierWord Motorcyclist Painter BrigadierGeneral Stud Lady Cantor Anarchist Microbiologist DrugUser Bride Choreographer ArmyCaptain Stakeholder Senator PsychicPractitioner PrettyWoman Responder PoliticalPartyMember HebrewPerson Helmsman Chaplain Stepmother Priest Swede Retiree GuatemalanPerson Potter SickPerson PersonInAnAgeBracket Financier Earl Demographer Demonstrator LebanesePerson UnsuccessfulPerson BoatCaptain Acrobat Fray Comrade Emperor-HeadOfState Man US_Mayor PeruvianPerson Prefect Socialist HorsebackRider Wildcatter Hoarder RearAdmiral PolishPerson FamousHuman Martyr DiscovererOfaPlace Recruiter Plumber Skeptic Overlord GarbageCollector MovieDirector TelephoneCaller HolyPerson Negro Hypnotist Kinsman HandicappedPerson HomosexualMalePerson Midwife Nurse Prince Hairdresser Husband Politician NigerianPerson WealthyPerson HomosexualHuman Neighbor Eunuch Sergeant RailroadConductor IndianOceanPerson Banker Conscience NavalPerson Bloke Panelist YugoslavPerson Trainee ConservativePerson Aborigine Pioneer Evildoer AcademicAdministrator PrimitivePerson Winner Colonel Crybaby Detainee Texan Populist Playmate ChildGuardian NonParentGuardian Lover Authoritarian BusinessManagement ObstetricianGynecologist Namesake MountedPoliceman Bookkeeper Negotiator Guarantor Fiancee Peacenik AutoMechanic Accused FosterFather DeadPerson TaxiDriver Stranger NewsShowHost Matriarch Fighter RogueAnimal Astrophysicist Zombie Counselor RogueElephant Scot Debutante Magician FosterMother BowlerHat ReligiousMartyr Chatterbox Foundling Ophthalmologist HeadOfGovernment JewishPerson BodyOfPeople HeadOfState Pirate VisualArtist BiologicalSon Proprietor SoulMate Monarch-HeadOfState Cashier Newscaster Barber Smuggler Narrator HiredHand Oppressor Oilman FallingPerson Victor Baddie LawEnforcementOfficer Reliever Witch BusDriver TibetanPerson Liaison Supervisor Plagiarist TVShowHost RepublicanPartyMember Adjudicator UnionRepresentative DeckHand Curator USRepresentative Boomer Cleric Seaman Critic VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial JudicialAgent Rider Visitor Nerd Spokesperson Boy Researcher Dude Musician Founder MilitaryPersonnel Alcoholic IranianPerson Contortionist Orthodontist EthiopianPerson Hijacker Diva Taker Assailant Person Stenographer Outlaw LowLife ParentOrGuardian Anthropologist BothParents Columnist LawEnforcementAgent Guitarist Bullfighter Separationist Engineer Lesbian PartisanPerson USSenator RetailSalesClerk Soldier MalePerson CapitalismAdvocate MaleUndergraduate PoliceOfficer-Municipal Patsy Machinist CaucasianPerson Biographer BrazilianPerson Colonist SmartPerson Historian Clown KoreanPerson NavyCaptain FashionDesigner African-AmericanPerson Fisher Fool MemberOfTheNobility Persuader FoodProfessional OperaStar SpeakerOfTheHouse Outsider Sexist Pacifist Rabbi FacilitiesPerson OrthodoxPriest Warrior Giant IntellectualPerson Queen-HeadOfState Betrayer NonCommissionedOfficer Arbitrator Experimentalist Iconoclast SportsCoach UnfortunatePerson Astronomer Dwarf JordanianPerson Bacteriologist Scribe Bishop-Clerical Scientist PrivateEye Escapee Jurist Proponent Evangelist Skater Companion Correspondent Interviewer Pope Internist BiologicalChild Firefighter Mayor PestiferousPerson Student Singer TightropeWalker Novelist CabinetOfficer Commentator Guest Commuter Promiser TenYearOldChild MailMan Cadet DrumMajorette MediaProfessional Gendarme Anchorite Coauthors Baron Vicar ReactionaryPerson IndianPerson CherokeePerson BetTaker Watcher ProfessionalAthlete Pilgrim MedicalDoctor Giver Salesman Billionaire AffectedPerson SudanesePerson ViceAdmiral-Rank Scout Heroine Anesthesiologist LaundryMan ReligiousOrderMember Fencer Murderer Subscriber Geographer Pauper AbdominalSurgeon GateCrasher Thinker Brute Bouncer VeteranSoldier IronMan Neologizing Matador LandLord Major-Military DanishPerson ServicePosition TaiwanesePerson Coward Occultist DoorMan BarefootPerson Cosmologist UnionOrganizer Slut Ringmaster Ex-Wife Physicist PeerNoble Ambassador ProfessionalAuthor Sybarite BusinessPerson Celt Entertainer TerrorBomber Blonde NavyMan Preacher PreyForCriminals Climber LivingPerson Colleague DomesticPartner Executive AttorneyGeneral Hick Functionary Saver Gypsy Imbecile DiscovererOfaPhenomenon WispOfaPerson BookingAgent Gastroenterologist Dictator Ballerina CommonMan LadyFriend Reader Agronomist HomeOwner Bard Duchess Nationality CandidateForMembership Underdog AthleticCoach Baptist ResearchScientist Countess Surfer Prince-HeadOfState FileClerk Director Cowboy MajorGeneral CityOfficial ViceAdmiral Intermediary Broker MilitaryGeneral Oaf Killjoy Legislator Radical FemaleUndergraduate Embryologist Ecologist PsychoticPerson Curmudgeon Curser OneYearOldChild Freshman BeautifulWoman Author IslamistPerson SevenYearOldChild SalesPerson Licensed-Professional LibertarianPerson AustrianPerson DeskWorker Heir Motormouth Discoverer Cynic Sinner CollegeFacultyMember SeniorStudent Eskimo President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState Economist NeedyPeople MormonPerson Blockhead Sunbather Fanatic Clinician Proxy PoliceChief MigrantFarmWorker ElectedOfficial Ex-Husband Affiliate Bureaucrat Lobbyist EnglishPeople ClumsyPerson Buddhists Jockey Medic Queen-HeadOfGovernment Servant UnidentifiedPerson AdministrativeStaffPerson Mafioso Puppeteer Undergraduate Racist HaitianPerson Obstetrician FormerAssociate Investigator Explorer Messenger Telephoner Proctor Coauthor Envoy Mediator FeeCollector Scorer Fascist Allergist Fidget Fiance Outcast Blacksmith BalletDancer Archaeologist ConvictedCriminal Rebel EldestSon Loudmouth IslamistScholar TwoLovers Champion Mastermind Cameraman Pimp SaudiPerson RomanPerson VicePresident-CorporateOfficer VietnamesePerson Elitist NeutralParty Soothsayer Archbishop Laryngologist ColombianPerson Welshman Butcher LowIncomePerson Pastor ApostleOfChrist GovernmentAdministrator MovieStar Brat ForestRanger Nun IsraeliPerson Fornicator FourYearStudent President-CorporateOfficer RailroadPerson StakesHolder Virtuoso Consul LieutenantGeneral Robber Collegian TribalChief ImmoralPerson Modernist ToplessPerson EnlistedPerson Intern Presenter Egotist LivingAnimal HumanAdult BritishPerson Professor Strategist Mullah Betrothed Archer Moralist FiveYearOldChild Prosecutor StockBroker AlgerianPerson StateTrooper Acupuncturist Liberal ChairPerson Argentinian Pro-Lifer EuropeanPerson Professional-Adult Zoologist ProfessionalBroker Skier Traitor Violinist Janitor HousePainter Libertine TwoYearOldChild Capitalist SophomoreStudent DraftAnimalDriver PortuguesePerson Rescuer Geek Redhead Settler Prisoner Acquaintance Illustrator JuniorStudent ClericalWorker RealEstateAgent SmallPerson Boxer Accuser Treasurer NorwegianPerson LordNoble Newlywed PersonaNonGrata AircraftCrewMember Neurologist Celebrity RanchHand Practitioner Recruit USStateGovernors BoxingMatch GreekPerson Player NineYearOldChild Petitioner LithuanianPerson Optimist Insider LowIncomeGroup MasterOfCeremonies Co-Owner UnitedStatesPerson Orthopedist MuslimWoman Dean ReligiousFigure Infant Striker InteriorDecorator Bowler Dyke ParisianPerson Caller Squatter Woman Missonary Saint Psychic NeuroticPerson Guard Hostess Sleepyhead TransSexual Croat Chap DoctorOfPhilosophy BullfightAficionado Secretary AbandonedPerson Owner FaultFinder Gangster MilkMan Baroness SecretaryGeneral QueenTheKingsWife Pianist Confectioner CardDealer Classifier DrumMajor Staffer Cardiologist HawaiianPerson CommunistPartyMember IllegitimateChild Castaway Pupil Enchantress Painter-Artist Defeatist TransportationConductor Censor Hedonist NonPhysicianPrescriber Vicar-Priest King-HeadOfGovernment Physiologist Homemaker IrishPerson Spendthrift ChileanPerson ApachePerson GenericHero Caregiver HinduPerson ManualLaborer CoFounder Jesuit Filipino FashionModel Glutton Prophet GroupOfPeople StepParent Pothead Majorette BoardOfDirectorsMember HumanPreschooler Czar PoorPerson BoyFriend PersonByNationality Spouse TradeWorker Pharmacist Architect Supporter Elder Inventor PalestinianPerson UnitedStatesPresident Auditor Sociologist Self Kurd Poet RestingPerson Anchorperson Decision-Maker Advocate RunawayPerson Genius RockStar Killer Consultant FanEnthusiast Mover Democrat Accompanier Constable Advisor Peacekeeper RagMan Neologism Hajji Designer Friar King-HeadOfState Newcomer JamaicanPerson MexicanPerson Pygmy Orphan NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject Gunman Sweetheart BatonTwirler MusicalInstrumentPlayer Judge FrenchPerson Jerk UnskilledWorker Predecessor Scriptwriter Contestant Voter MemberOfRoyalty Bigot Valentine EightYearOldChild EthnicGroup BelgianPerson Imp Protege Prodigy Philosopher Housewife SketchArtist BlueCollarWorker CollegeStudent Mourner Veteran Realist Conductor Duke Bully Smoker Hirer Appraiser Carpenter Medalist Licensee Believer AssociateProfessor Statesman Commissioner Colleagues TypicalAdultPerson Optometrist NuclearPhysicist ActivityEnthusiast ChiefExecutiveOfficer AbleBodiedSeaman BiologicalDaughter HeterosexualHuman Botanist USStateGovernor Liar Instructor PersonByEthnicity ParanoidPerson GeorgianPerson Reviewer Representative Admirer DisagreeablePerson Chauffeur AsianPerson Miser Coroner Gymnast ProfessionalSinger DrugAddict First-Aider PakistanPerson Tyrant Minister Shareholder Imam-Sunni Wizard Imitator OilRigger MoneyHandler Doubter AlaskanPerson Wrongdoer Deceiver RomanMan VicePresidentOfOrganization Parent Sailor Caretaker FourYearOldChild Miner Patriarch BuildingSuperintendent Administrator Anonymous Organizer Weaver Baronet Cyclist CommitteeChairman Sioux BusinessPartner Lookout ProposerOfaTheory EnglishPerson MagicalPerson HeadOfAnOrganization Rapper Angler Vassal Planner Friend RefinedLady Detractor NonConformist AppointedOfficial SocialScientist Chiropractor Developer StupidPerson ShiitePerson HardLiner Pessimist CzechPerson Ethologist LoanWord AcademicProfessional GeorgianPerson-US Imam SkateBoarder Eccentric JobHolder SecretAgent Marionettist PriorOfAnOrder Woodman Chef Irishman MuslimPerson EgyptianPerson Toxicologist Shaman Casualty Psychologist PresidentOfOrganization HinduWoman PoliticalPartyMembers MusicalPerformer Reformer Immigrant Chemist NewsCorrespondent BrownieScout DisabledPerson Revolutionary BuddhistMonk MarxistPerson MaverickPerson FemmeFatale PoliceLineup Sponsor LandOwner Cook Manager PresidentElect FitPerson Peddler Dancer KuwaitiPerson Baker Conspirator Comedian BasketballCoach Equalitarian Captioner Rookie Guerrilla Intruder Doofus Nobody Rapist SomaliPerson Millionaire Protector NewbornBaby Stepfather StarEntertainer Athapaskan CatholicCardinal AdvocateForaCause Solicitor ViolentConvict FemalePerson CarSalesPerson Idiot AmericanIndian PrimaDonna NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional AngloPerson LieutenantColonel Nazi Mooch FederalOfficial Wife AccountingClerk FederalistPerson Ornithologist Artist-Performer NewsPhotographer Philanthropist Enthusiast AirplanePilot MissingPerson AlbanianPerson RomanianPerson WashedOutFlop Councillor Rustic GovernmentMinister Feeder ComputerProgrammer Trucker Immunologist Successor CommissionedOfficer TicketAgent Autochthon FencingMatch Photographer Episcopalian Drummer LiegeLord Naif LutheranPerson LegalProfessional Fisherman ConstructionWorker EmergencyWorker AppalachianPerson Mason Hiker Innovator Electee AutomobileDriver Roommate Feminist Personification Chancellor-HeadOfState Finn NormanPerson PoorPeople Lumberjack Driver-TransportationProfessional Assassin Agent Surgeon Princess Newbie StoryTeller MusicAficionado Speaker InterestGroupMember Screenwriter Peasant FullProfessor Partner Nominee LookAlike Australian FosterParent ItinerantLaorer Juror Civilian Behemoth Nationalist CaveMan MinorChild Cheapskate BroadcastCommentator PublicOfficial Writer Playwright DeliveryPerson GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial Girl Tutor ScriptWriter Investor ThreeYearOldChild Welder Composer Custodian Alto SmartAleck Classmate Nigra Dispatcher Buddhism CanadianPerson Imam-Shiite NewsBoy FacultyMember MoroccanPerson Spy Diaspora HumanWatchdog Follower YoungHuman FederalAgent Troublemaker Candidate Hostage GraphicArtist Gentleman Diplomat Journalist UnpleasantPerson RoadVehicleDriver Paramedic Copywriter AlternativeMedicinePractitioner Dentist Dissenter Spaz GirlFriend Workman DominicanFriar Seer USMarine NewHire Consumer VenetianPerson Hematologist Maiden Playboy Beggar Monk Appointee CalifornianPerson Urologist Fundraiser Nurseryman ElectoralCandidate Accountant Applicant ReligiousSuperior BuddhistPerson Lad AssistantProfessor Moron PresbyterianPerson Associate ArmenianPerson GroupOfFormerAssociates CraftWorker Painter-Tradesperson Derelict Renegade Captain Criminal Host Activist FictionalPerson TelevisionNewscaster FirstResponder ProLifer

PersonWageEntry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonWageEntry`
Description	A ''PersonWageEntry'' is a 'List'' consisting of two elements, the name of an ''Employee'' and the ''Wage'' for that Person, which is one entry in a ''WageList''. This is used in a context where the Agent paying the salary and the time period for which the 'Wage'' is a ''Compensation'' are understood. For those to be explcitly represented would require that an entry with more elements would be created - but that is usually unnecessary, as in a typical ''WageList'' those aspects are the same for all entries. `Those attributes of a ''WageList'' can be represented with relations on the ''WageList'' itself.`
Super-classes	ListPair^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some Employee^c hasSecondElement^op some Wage^c isInList^op some WageList^c

PersonWithOccupation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonWithOccupation`
Description	CYC: The collection of persons who have a (skilled or unskilled) occupation. Most (but not all) instances of #$PersonWithOccupation spend a significant part of their waking hours doing activities that are characteristic of their occupations. Typically their actions are performed for pay (but not always: consider a starving artist who is unable to sell any of her works - the occupation is determined by an intent to make money from the activity). Note that a #$PersonWithOccupation need not be working over the entire duration of when s/he has an occupation; e.g. college professors on summer break and the temporarily unemployed still have occupations. Most reified specializations of #$PersonWithOccupation classify workers according to their job titles, the kinds of work they perform, or the skills involved; while a few exploit other (usually quite broad) features of their working lives (e.g. #$SelfEmployedWorker and #$DeskWorker). But note that many collections corresponding to what are colloquially considered professions or occupations (e.g. #$Lifeguard, #$StockBroker, #$Housekeeper, and many others) are not specializations of #$PersonWithOccupation, as those collections include people for whom the work in question is not their occupation. `SUMO (OccupationalRole): A Role of a Human in a OrganizationalProcess. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'worker' in WordNet: 1. (289) worker - (a person who works at a specific occupation; 'he is a good worker')`
Super-classes	Worker^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op some OccupationType^c
Sub-classes	Employee^c MedicalCareProfessional^c SportsCoach^c Publicist^c Driver-TransportationProfessional^c DoorMan^c ServicePosition^c ReligiousSuperior^c Monk^c Translator^c CraftWorker^c Librarian^c Interpreter^c Lobbyist^c Nun^c CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit^c SportsOfficial^c Fisherman^c Forester^c TourGuide^c ManualLaborer^c Workman^c Lifeguard^c Mover^c RestaurantEmployee^c GovernmentEmployee^c ReligiousHeadOfCountry^c Bouncer^c Demographer^c JobHolder^c Captioner^c Commander^c DeskWorker^c Artisan^c Geisha^c Healer^c MedicalDoctor^c Sailor^c MilitaryLeader^c ArtOrFashionModel^c Therapist^c UnskilledWorker^c Hairdresser^c BlueCollarWorker^c Appraiser^c Cashier^c SkilledWorker^c Lawmaker^c Usher^c

PersonaNonGrata^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonaNonGrata`
Description	A ''PersonaNonGrata'' is a Person who is not 'welcome' to some extent for some other ''Person''s, i.e. someone the other Person would prefer not to associate with, at least on some specific occasion, or possibly ever. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'persona non grata' in WordNet: 2. unwelcome person, persona non grata - (a person who for some reason is not wanted or welcome)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwelcome^c
Sub-classes	Troublemaker^c Killjoy^c DisagreeablePerson^c

Personal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Personal

Description

An Object is 'Personal' if it was designed or designated for the use of a single individual Person at a time; an attribute is Personal if it pertains to the specific characteristics of an individual Person; of or pertaining to, or for the use of, an individual Person. The distinguishable senses are subtypes of this sense.

 Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'personal' in WordNet:
   1. (31) personal - (concerning or affecting a particular person or
       his or her private life and personality; 'a personal favor';
       'for your personal use'; 'personal papers'; 'I have something personal to tell you';
       'a personal God'; 'he has his personal bank account and she has hers')
   2. (12) personal - (particular to a given individual)
   3. (2) personal - (of or arising from personality; 'personal magnetism')
   4. (1) personal - (intimately concerning a person's body or physical being;
       'personal hygiene')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PersonalAffinity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalAffinity

Description

'PersonalAffinity' is Feeling of kinship of common interest, combined with a liking of anoher person. This is distinct from ''Love'' or ''Admiration'' and perhaps includes what is thought of as the kind of affinity in a 'bromance'.

   NOTE: in WN this is an attribute but in COSMO it is a Feeling.

    Corresponds to part (for people,not activities) of noun sense 1 of 'affinity' in WordNet:
      7. affinity - (a natural attraction or feeling of kinship; 
         'an affinity for politics'; 'the mysterious affinity between them';
         'James's affinity with Sam')

Super-classes Liking^c

PersonalAppearance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalAppearance`
Description	A ''PersonalAppearance' is the overall Appearance of a person's body, including all of its parts visible to others near the person. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'appearance' (for a Person) and part of sense 1 of'look' (for a Person's bodily appearance) in WordNet: 1. (23) appearance, visual aspect - (outward or visible aspect of a person or thing) WN noun 'look': 3. (9) look - (physical appearance; 'I don't like the looks of this place')`
Super-classes	PhysicalAppearance^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	PublicFace^c HealthyAppearance^c

PersonalBond^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalBond`
Description	A ''PersonalBond'' is a ''HumanRelationship'' that is based largely on kinship or common interests or participation in some common activity. This has some overlap with ''PersonalBonding'' but this type of bond includes circumstances that are not caused by direct contact of people with each other, such as kinship or common interests, whereas ''PersonalBonding'' is created by direct interaction of two or more people that creates a bond including love or friendship. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bond' in WordNet: 3. (6) alliance, bond - (a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest; 'the shifting alliances within a large family'; 'their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them')`
Super-classes	PersonalRelationship^c
Sub-classes	SexualRelationship^c

PersonalBonding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalBonding`
Description	A ''PersonalBonding'' is a close and loving ''PersonalRelationship'' between two people that is special to both. This type of relation is deep and induces those so 'bonded'to be willing to make sacrifices for the benefit of the other(s). `This has some overlap with ''PersonalBond'' but this type of bond is created by direct interaction of two or more people that creates a bond including love or friendship whereas includes ''PersonalBond'' includes kinship or common interests, not created by direct contact. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bonding' in WordNet: 2. bonding - (a close personal relationship that forms between people (as between husband and wife or parent and child))`
Super-classes	PersonalRelationship^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loving^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intimate^c
Sub-classes	Friendship^c

PersonalCheck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalCheck

Description

NOTE to use this requires that one have a 'CheckingAccount'.

     CYC: A specialization of #$Check-TenderObject. Each
        instance of #$PersonalCheck is a check issued to a person
        who has a #$CheckingAccount (q.v.) with a bank.  Each
        instance of #$PersonalCheck is inscribed with a unique
        checking account number, as well as information about the
        person to whom it is issued (usually, this information will
        include the person's name and mailing address)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal check' in WordNet:
          1. personal check, personal cheque - (a check drawn against funds 
             deposited in your personal checking account)

Super-classes TenderObject^c

PersonalCircumstances^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalCircumstances`
Description	Any situation (PersistentState) in which the relevant fluents (attributes, relations) represented influence the quality of life or ability of the Agent to achieve its goals, including personal income and wealth as well as health. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'circumstances' in WordNet: 1. (2) fortune, destiny, fate, luck, lot, circumstances, portion - (your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you); 'whatever my fortune may be'; 'deserved a better fate'; 'has a happy lot'; 'the luck of the Irish'; 'a victim of circumstances'; 'success that was her portion') 2. circumstances - (the state (usually personal) with regard to wealth; 'each person was helped according to his circumstances') 3. circumstances - (a person's financial situation (good or bad); 'he found himself in straitened circumstances')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	Owing^c DifficultSituation^c Companionship^c GoodCircumstances^c Slavery^c LodgingSomewhere^c Marriage^c

PersonalComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalComputer`
Description	A specialization of #$SingleUserComputer. Each instance of this collection is a small, single-user #$Computer, such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a palm computer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal computer' in WordNet: 1. personal computer, PC, microcomputer - (a small digital computer based on a microprocessor and designed to be used by one person at a time)`
Super-classes	SingleUserComputer^c
Sub-classes	LaptopComputer^c

PersonalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalDevice`
Description	CYC: The collection of devices that are controlled and primarily used by one person, and which are often carried by the person rather than permanently situated in a particular #$HumanOccupationConstruct. NOTE: subtypes will all be 'SmallObjects' and will be able to be picked up in one hand. Cyc: Not included are household devices, which are often shared by more than one dweller in a #$HumanResidence. Also not included are instances of #$BusinessMachine, as these are often shared by multiple coworkers. Specializations include #$Pager, #$Wallet and #$CellularTelephone. #$PersonalDevice differs from #$Device-SingleUser in that an instance of the latter can typically be shared among more than one user, as long as it is not used by both users simultaneously. Neither #$PersonalComputer nor #$LaptopComputer are specializations of #$PersonalDevice (both are often shared by multiple people, though not simultaneously), but certain instances of LaptopComputer might also be instances of #$PersonalDevice.
Super-classes	Device^c SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	CellularTelephone^c Eyewear^c WomensBag^c Wallet^c Pager^c RemoteControlDevice^c

PersonalDigitalAssistant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalDigitalAssistant

Description

A ''PersonalDigitalAssistant'' ('PDA') is a hand-held electronic device that performs some functions requiring digital computation but does not perform general computational functions. For a more powerful version that can perform sophisticated computations use ''SmartPhone''.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal digital assistant' in WordNet:
         1. personal digital assistant, PDA, personal organizer, personal organiser,
            organizer, organiser - (a lightweight consumer electronic device 
            that looks like a hand-held computer but instead performs 
            specific tasks; can serve as a diary or a personal database or 
            a telephone or an alarm clock etc.)

Super-classes HandHeldObject^c
SingleUserComputer^c

PersonalEthics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalEthics`
Description	'PersonalEthics' is an Intending in which some Agent intends to behave in a specific way toward other agents (including animals). The intention is usually to do 'the right thing' (to do good). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethics' in WordNet: 1. (1) ethical motive, ethics, morals, morality - (motivation based on ideas of right and wrong)`
Super-classes	Intending^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some Proposition^c

PersonalFreedom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalFreedom

Description

''PersonalFreedom'' is a form of ''Independence'' (a form of ''Freedom'') from control of one's personal actions by any agent other than oneself. This is 'freedom of choice',constrained only by avoiding things that are illegal, especially those that harm other people.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'liberty' in WordNet:
           2. (2) liberty - (freedom of choice; 'liberty of opinion'; 'liberty of worship';
             'liberty - perfect liberty-to think or feel or do just as one pleases';
             'at liberty to choose whatever occupation one wishes')

Super-classes Freedom^c

PersonalGain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalGain`
Description	A ''PersonalGain'' is an Action in which some Person receives something valuable for his/her own benefit. This can be honestly or dishonestly - see ''Corruption''. This contrasts with altruistic actions or actions taken for the benefit of one's employer.
Super-classes	GainingControl^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some Person^c

PersonalGrooming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalGrooming`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO this activity is restricted to Humans, and is an action of an individual person (which may or may not be the person being groomed). If done by a group, use the supertype 'EnhancingAppearance'. This Action and its parent ''EnhancingAppearance'' serve to create the ''PublicFace'' (an AttributeType) that a Person wants to present to the public. Cyc: Personal grooming includes any activity that can be performed on an individual (not necessarily a person) that could be construed as grooming. These activities are quite often performed by oneself, i.e. brushing one's own teeth, applying one's own make-up, cutting one's own nails. They also are frequently performed for someone else, that is, by one individual to another individual: teeth cleaning at the dentist's, photographers' applying make-up on models, a friend cutting another's hair. In the #$BaseKB, this is not restricted to human beings. - - Siegel, May 17, 1996
Super-classes	EnhancingAppearance^c RoutineAction^c CulturalThing^c TakingCareOfSomething^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op only Self^c wasPerformedByAgent^op only Person^c
Sub-classes	CuttingHair^c CleaningTeeth^c HairCare^c ScratchingAnItch^c PersonalWashing^c FacialCare^c FilingNails^c

PersonalHygieneProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalHygieneProduct`
Description	Products (Objects) used in cleaning the body or in promoting its cleanliness.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c PersonalProduct^c
Sub-classes	BathAccessory^c CottonBall^c Toothpick^c

PersonalInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalInformation`
Description	''PersonalInformation'' is 'Information' about a Person that is typically kept private and not made public.
Super-classes	Information^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Personal^c hasTopic^op value Person^c

PersonalLoss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalLoss`
Description	Any Event that is interpreted by a person or Organization as being a 'loss', whether it be a loss of a loved person (or pet animal), or a loss of a friendship (for any reason), or a loss of something valuable (such as money). The restriction requires that the Person feeling the loss be specified. The 'loss' of an opportunity or failure of an expectation is included under 'Disappointment'. Includes noun senses 2, 3, 4 and5 of 'loss' in WordNet: 2. (276) loss - (something that is lost; 'the car was a total loss'; 'loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt') 4. (57) loss - (gradual decline in amount or activity; 'weight loss'; 'a serious loss of business') 5. (20) loss, deprivation - (the disadvantage that results from losing something; 'his loss of credibility led to his resignation'; 'losing him is no great deprivation')
Super-classes	BadThing^c LosingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op some (Object^c or GenericSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or ValuableThing^c or Person^c or Organization^c or PersonType^c or OrganizationType^c) hasThingLost^op some (Object^c or GenericSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or ValuableThing^c or Person^c or Organization^c or PersonType^c or OrganizationType^c)
Sub-classes	Sacrificing^c FinancialLoss^c LosingaLovedOne^c PropertyDamage^c LosingaPetAnimal^c

PersonalNetworking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalNetworking`
Description	''PersonalNetworking'' involves not just communicating with more than one other Person,but building links between oneself and others that one has not contacted directly, but who communicate with someone who oneself has directly communicated with. These links allow a Person to build a large number of links, direct or indirect, that permit one to access many people for any purpse that can benefit from contact with people havig knowledge or those having access to resources that can be of help. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'network' in WordNet: 1. network - (communicate with and within a group; "You have to network if you want to get a good job")`
Super-classes	Communication^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some GroupOfPeople^c

PersonalPhilosopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalPhilosopy`
Description	A ''PersonalPhilosopy'' is any one or more ''belief''s about how one should behave or view one's place in society. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'philosophy' in WordNet: 3. (1) philosophy - (any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation; 'self-indulgence was his only philosophy'; 'my father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it')`
Super-classes	Belief^c BeliefSystem^c
Sub-classes	Idealism^c Realism^c

PersonalPossession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalPossession`
Description	A 'PersonalPossession' is an instance of a PhysicalObject owned by an individual LegalAgent, whether portable or not. This is for one or a small group of related objects; for all of the possessons of a Person located in one place, use ''Belongings''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'possession' in WordNet: 2. (6) possession - (anything owned or possessed)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Property^c
Sub-classes	Curio^c Valuable-PersonalPossession^c

PersonalProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalProduct`
Description	A specialization of #$Artifact. Each instance of #$PersonalProduct is an object or substance designed for use on and the benefit of the physical body of a person, including personal care products (e.g., deodorant, hand soap), personal care devices (e.g., razors, heating pads), and cosmetics. These are items which a person would seek out or apply to him/herself; i.e., it excludes products used on the body of a person by physicians (e.g., scalpels), dentists (e.g., dental drills), or morticians.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Sub-classes	SomethingToWear^c HairBrush^c PersonalHygieneProduct^c

PersonalPronoun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalPronoun`
Description	CYC: The collection of all personal pronouns. a PersonalPronoun is an indexicals which can replace nouns. while expressing distinctions of person: `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal pronoun' in WordNet: 1. (2) personal pronoun - (a pronoun expressing a distinction of person)`
Super-classes	Pronoun^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#she http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#he http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#her http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#you http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#we http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#they http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#us http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#I http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#you-all http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#them http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ye http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#him http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#youse http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#me

PersonalQuirk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalQuirk`
Description	The difference between ''PersonalQuirk'' and ''Eccentricity'' is not clearly defined, but they tend to be used for different categories of behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quirk' in WordNet: 1. (1) oddity, queerness, quirk, quirkiness, crotchet - (a strange attitude or habit)`
Super-classes	Trait^c BehavioralDisposition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Bizarre^c

PersonalRelationship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalRelationship`
Description	A ''PersonalRelationship'' is the ''HumanRelationship'' between two individuals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal relationship' in WordNet: 1. personal relation, personal relationship - (a relation between persons)`
Super-classes	HumanRelationship^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op exactly 2
Sub-classes	Subjugation^c PersonalBonding^c PersonalBond^c

PersonalSuccess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalSuccess`
Description	A Person's ''PersonalSuccess'' can be any of many types, depending on that Person's personality - different people wish for different things and define their own 'success' in different ways. Some want wealth, others fame. others accomplishment of some general or specific task. `This usually requires hard work and native ability as well as favorable situations and some luck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'success' in WordNet: 3. (10) success - (a state of prosperity or fame; 'he is enjoying great success'; 'he does not consider wealth synonymous with success')`
Super-classes	DreamComeTrue^c
Sub-classes	SocialSuccess^c

PersonalWarmth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalWarmth`
Description	''PersonalWarmth'' is a feeling of 'warmth' produced by being in a warm atmosphere or wearing protective clothing that keeps the skin relatively ''Warm''. ''PersonalWarmth'' is a Sensation resembling the feeling when one is exposed to external air temperature above 30 deg C; the actual temperature at which a person may feel 'warm' depends on the Person. ''PersonalWarmth'' may also be caused by internal processes,or physical exercise, even if the ambient temperature is not above 20 deg C. `To say that a person 'is warm' means that s/he is experiencing this Sensation. One way of getting this feeling is by wearing one or more "warmclothingitem"s. Approximately part of noun sense 1 of 'warmth' in WordNet: 1. (6) heat, warmth - (the sensation caused by heat energy)`
Super-classes	BeingWarm^c Feeling^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Warmness^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Warm^c

PersonalWashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalWashing`
Description	This is the collection of events in which a person washes parts of him or her self.
Super-classes	WashingEvent^c PersonalGrooming^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op only Self^c
Sub-classes	WashingHair^c Bathing^c Showering^c WashingOnesFaceAndHands^c

Personality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Personality`
Description	Personality is the sum of all PersonalityTraits of an individual. This AttributeType can be used for animals as well as people, for example a particular animal may be characterized as 'aggressive'. `The distinction between a 'Personality' and a 'PersonalityTrait' is that the former is the sum of all of the latter, and the latter type may be used to indicate individual Personality traits, or some combination of traits, but not necessarily characterizing a person's whole 'Personality'.`
Super-classes	Nature^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Competent^c

PersonalityTrait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalityTrait`
Description	PersonalityTrait is a subtype of ''AttributeType'' that takes as values any of a broad range of subtypes (attribute values) values for the general attribute type of 'PersonTraitValue'. This is a State, not a ''QualitativeAttributeValue''. A ''PersonalityTrait'' is a Quality that may persist over years and form part of a Person's 'personality', but may also persist over a relatively short period of time, or recur at (more or less) frequent intervals. Trait instance of 'AttributeTypeType'' takes value ''PersonTraitValue'' NOTE that a ''PersonTraitValue'' can be asserted of any ''IntentionalAgent'' including non-humans, though it is usually used for humans. Each value is some trait of personality that is considered as a part of a total personality. Examples such as kindness, ambitiousness, aggressiveness may be be inherent. Other PersonalityTraits may be assigned to a Person as a result of the attitudes of others, such as being 'untouchable' or having a particular social status The individual values of these traits will be classified under 'PersonTraitValue' The sum of all of a person's PersonalityTraits may be included in an instance of 'Personality'. NOTE: a subtype of ''PersonalityTrait'' may be a type whose English label ends in '-ness': e.g. 'nobleness' (or nobility) takes the value of ''Noble''. As of rev 1195, the relation of ''PersonalityTrait''s to attributes is only skeletal.
Super-classes	Trait^c
Sub-classes	Aggressiveness^c Lethargy^c Cowardice^c Immortality^c Impudence^c Determination^c Ambition^c Discipline^c Unemotionality^c Subjectivity^c Femininity^c SelfConfidence^c Rudeness^c Activeness^c Selfishness^c BehavioralStreak^c Indiscipline^c Recklessness^c Kindness^c Tolerance^c Courage^c Honor^c Politeness^c Inactiveness^c Perseverance^c Boldness^c Badness^c Individuality^c Wiseness^c Temperament^c Masculinity^c SelfReliance^c

PersonalityTraitType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalityTraitType`
Description	''PersonalityTraitType'' is a metatype which relates subtypes of ''PersonalityTrait'' to the values that those traits can take, which will be subtypes of ''PersonTraitValue'' and instances of ''PersonalityType''.
Super-classes	EventType^c AttributeTypeType^c QualityType^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op some PersonalityType^c
In domain of	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op
In range of	isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait^op
Members	Unemotionality Obscurity Naughtiness Discreetness Pluck Individuality HarshBehavior BeingPennyPinching Assertiveness Verve Unrestraint Giftedness Foresight Considerateness SelfRestraint Importance-Status Subjectivity PersonalityTrait Twinkle SelfReliance Charisma Audacity Selfishness Glamor SelfInterest Aggressiveness Smugness Benevolence Indiscipline Spiritedness GoodJudgment Gluttony Cowardice Impudence Recklessness Immortality Attractiveness Tolerance SelfImmolation Beauty Tact Cruelness Primacy Courage Prudence Temperament StubbornStreak Gracefulness Nerviness Obstinacy Inwardness Spirituality Fortitude Perseverance Objectivity Inactiveness Brutality Machismo Lethargy Badness Pep Finesse SelfConfidence Altruism Providence Gumption Determination Ambition Activeness Charity Leniency Wiseness Discipline Sprightliness Kindness Verbosity Boldness Cockiness Initiative Decency Femininity SelfDiscipline Vigor Sociability ConfidentialityTrait Agility Neutrality Intemperance BehavioralStreak Masculinity

PersonalityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonalityType`
Description	Each instance of ''PersonalityType'' is an instance of 'AttributeValueType' that characterizes some personality attributes of people (humans, but may be applied analogically to animals)). Such attributes may be used metaphorically for animals or other agents. `This metatype applies is a subtype of ''TendencyType'' to classify tendencies of humans toward certain behaviors. The parent ''TendencyType'' can apply to properties of inanimate things, both object and substance.`
Super-classes	HumanAttributeType^c QualitativeAttributeType^c TendencyType^c
Members	Gross Competitive Untrustworthy Cautious Perverse Dissolute Gingerlyly Impudent Tasteful Bold Elegant Responsible Immoral Gifted PennyPinching Impish Individualistic Charismatic Wise English-speaking Proclivity Lenient Talented Ambitious Hotheaded Cocky EmotionallyDisposed Gutsy Slovenly Sure Careless Prudent Partial Assured Mean Altruistic Irritability Negligent Entertaining Nosy Restrained PersonTendency Benevolent ShowingFavoritism Farsighted EvenTempered Courageous Tolerant Cooperative OpenMinded Articulate Finicky Aggressive Reliable Assiduous Impartial Polite Belligerence Subjective Unexacting Prompt Vigorous Punctual AbleToSpeakaLanguage Gingerly Charming Judicious Discreet Last-minute Attractive WarmHearted Gaudy Learned EasilyAgitated Promising Unkind Gluttonous Neat Kind Obstinate Obedient Bratty Graceful BadlyBehaved Stingy Stringent Agile Meticulous Cruel Bossy Careful Undemanding Roguish Incurious Manly Taciturn Broad-minded FluentInaLanguage Irresponsible Kind-Hearted Intransigent Reckless ClosedMinded BehaviorAttribute Skittish Brazen Unfailing PersonTraitValue Unassertive Provident Unreliable Considerate Adventurous Unemotional Disagreeableness Mincing Slack Imprudent Confident Courteous Diplomatic-Skilled Poised Male Macho Stubborn Assertive TouchingGentle Ignorant Knowledgeable Sophisticated Nice Untruthfulness Shortcoming WorthyOfSomething Dutiful Passionate Inquisitive Harsh Intelligent Tightlipped Dogmatical Tempestuous Thoughtful Unwise Worldly Selfish Verbose Composed Disobedient Guarded Narrow-minded Laconic Bigoted Refined Floating Demanding Compromised Undisciplined CoolHeaded Cowardly Noble Heroic Audacious Racistic Trustworthy Fierce Sexistic Generous Eloquent Biased Cute Inconsiderate Slipshod Cheeky DisposedToReason SelfStarting Vulgar Rigorous Indiscreet Ethical SelfConfident Naughty Curious Painstaking IllNature Gentle Unethical Headstrong Clownish Nasty Incautious ArticulateOrEloquent Character Conscientious All-Out Deserving

Personally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Personally

Description

''Personally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies the point of view involving the speaker.

       As of Rev1345 other senses are not represented . e.g. 'in person'

        Includes adverb senses 1 and 5 of 'personally' in WordNet:
           1. (7) personally - (as yourself; 'speaking personally, I would not want to go')
          5. (1) personally - (concerning the speaker; 'personally, I find him stupid')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Personification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Personification`
Description	A ''Personification'' is a ''Person'' who has some conspicuous ''Quality'' to a degree such that that Person may be referenced as an example of having that Quality. NOTE: the WN synsets for sense 1 of 'personification' and sense 1 of 'incarnation' are difficult to dstinguish, and are merged here. More usage examples might find usable distinctions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personification' in WordNet: 1. (1) personification - (a person who represents an abstract quality; 'she is the personification of optimism') WN noun 'incarnation': 1. (1) embodiment, incarnation, avatar - (a new personification of a familiar idea; 'the embodiment of hope'; 'the incarnation of evil'; 'the very avatar of cunning')
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op only QualityType^c performsAction^op value ExhibitingaQuality^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some (Quality^c or QualityType^c)

PersonifyingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersonifyingSomething`
Description	''PersonifyingSomething'' is a ''RepresentingSomething'' performed by an ''ActorActress'' that provides a concrete example of some Person or PersonType represented. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'embody' in WordNet: 2. (3) embody, be, personify - (represent, as of a character on stage; 'Derek Jacobi was Hamlet')`
Super-classes	RepresentingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (ActorActress^c or PersonType^c)

Personnel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Personnel`
Description	Each ''Personnel'' is some ''WorkForce'' who report to (are subordinate to) someone higher (a ''Manager'') in the ''Administration'' of an ''Organization''. The reporting can be direct or indirect.This is not the full complement of employees at a company (for that use subtype ''OrganizationEmployees''), or of members of an Organization, but can be all but the chief or some subset that report to a particular person - although not all such subsets are called 'staff'. `approximately equivalent to the CYC concept 'Staff': CYC: A collection of instances of #$Person, a spec of #$Group. To be a staff is to be an organization of employees of an organization. Approximately equivalent to noun sense 1 of 'personnel' in WordNet: 1. (27) force, personnel - (group of people willing to obey orders; 'a public force is necessary to give security to the rights of citizens')`
Super-classes	WorkForce^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ReportingToaManager^c typicallyWorksAt^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	PoliceForce^c EmployedStaff^c OrganizationEmployees^c

Perspicuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perspicuous

Description

''Perspicuous'' is a subtype of ''Understandable'' characterizing assertions or more complex discussions that are easier to understand than most similar linguistic objects.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perspicuous' in Wordnet:
          1. limpid, lucid, luculent, pellucid, crystal clear, perspicuous -
             ((of language) transparently clear; easily understandable; 'writes in a limpid style'; 
             'lucid directions'; 'a luculent oration'- Robert Burton; 'pellucid prose'; 
             'a crystal clear explanation'; 'a perspicuous argument')

Super-classes Understandable^c

Persuadable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Persuadable

Description

''Amenable'' is the attribute of a Person who is disposed to be persuaded. Difference from parents 'Amenable' and 'Agreeable' is unclear.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'persuadable' in Wordnet:
         1. convincible, persuadable, persuasible, suasible - (being susceptible to persuasion)

Super-classes Amenable^c

Persuader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Persuader`
Description	A ''Persuader'' is a Person who is a ''Proponent'' (a 'Supporter'') who supports and a cause by actively trying to convince one or more others to support that cause by some Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'persuader' in WordNet: 1. persuader, inducer - (someone who tries to persuade or induce or lead on)`
Super-classes	Proponent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AttemptingToPersuade^c
Sub-classes	Lobbyist^c

PersuadingToAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersuadingToAct`
Description	COSMO note: the parent type 'Convincing-CommunicationAct' could be a convincing to believe something or to perform some Action. This subtype is restricted to a convincing to perform some 'Action', and is thus also a subtype of ''CausingaPersonToAct''. The ''Action'' could be a Feeling or a Belief. NOTE that this is for a successful persuading action; for the attempt to persuade, use ''AttemptingToPersuade''. CYC: A specialization of #$Convincing-CommunicationAct and #$InfluencingAnAgent. Each instance of this collection is a #$CommunicationAct-Single in which the performer successfully induces the recipient to perform (or not perform) an action. This does not cover cases where situations, rather than agents, persuade: e.g., Polling results persuaded the candidate to withdraw. Notable specializations of this collection include #$RecruitingActivity and #$CoercingAnAgent. The WordNet entry for 'convince' seems to be to convince to believe, not to act. So this correlates only with part of verb sense 2 of 'persuade' in WordNet: WN verb 'persuade': 2. (13) persuade - (cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action; twist somebody's arm; 'You can't persuade me to buy this ugly vase!')
Super-classes	CausingaPersonToAct^c Convincing-CommunicationAct^c
Restrictions	causes^op some (HumanActivity^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Leading^c Cajoling^c SexualSeduction^c

PertainingAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PertainingAttributeValue`
Description	Each PertainingAttributeValue is an AttributeValue that is related to some other type by the relation 'pertainsTo'. The exact manner in which a 'PertainingAttributeValue' can be related to the object of the 'pertainsTo' relation can vary with the noun (often representing a type) that the adjective (represented by the PertainingAttributeValue) modifies. Thus an 'historical town' would be a town in which something of sufficient interest or significance occurred to justify the mention of the town in some history book; An American president will be some person who served as President of America (not just an American who was a President of some organization). The meanings of the individual 'pertaining' relations will vary with the word modified and the adjective modifying that word. `@ToDo: some 'pertaining aspect' might be defined that categorizes the manner in which a particular 'PertainingAttributeValue' pertains to the thing pertained -`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	pertainsTo^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Semantic^c Environmental^c Immune^c Anthropological^c Solar^c Irish^c Inlandly^c Postsecondary^c Arabian^c Dietary^c Analytical^c Exponential^c Policy-Making^c Third-Party^c Chemical^c Sexual^c Harmonic^c Symbolic^c Vicious^c Argentine^c Roman^c Legendary^c Perceptual^c Boorish^c Romantic^c Bacterial^c Disciplinary^c Slavelike^c Hydraulic^c Informational^c Temporal^c Situational^c Behavioral^c Technical^c TwoStorey^c Hard-core^c One-Hour^c InPerson^c Clergical^c Norman^c Nigerian^c Sudanese^c PostOperative^c Political^c RomanCatholic^c Consensual^c Sociological^c Instructional^c Christian^c Prototypical^c Swiss^c Intellectual^c Electromagnetic^c Grazing^c Industrial^c Hawaiian^c Entrepreneurial^c Civil^c Intestinal^c Verbal^c Prospective^c Israeli^c Gastrointestinal^c Spectral^c Arcadian^c Big-Time^c Mediterranean^c Inland^c Postal^c Pre-Service^c Saudi^c Suburban^c Herbal^c Territorial^c Long-Range^c Introductory^c Financial^c Economic^c Extracurricular^c Folkloric^c Interdisciplinary^c Colonial^c Croatian^c Qualitative^c Comparative^c Genetic^c Coastal^c Retail^c Disciplinal^c Lexical^c Basic^c Spinal^c Anti-depressant^c Agnostic^c Jamaican^c Neurological^c HavingTwoPoles^c Albanian^c Cherokee^c Ministerial^c Partisan^c Cervical^c Cinematic^c Biographical^c Restoring^c Basic-Introductory^c Fact-Based^c Oral^c Menstrual^c SubSaharan^c Real-World^c Appellate^c Tidal^c Forensic^c Mayoral^c Acoustic^c Quantitative^c Midwestern^c Digital^c Cerebral-Intellectual^c Follow-up^c Compositional^c Thai^c Modular^c Syntactic^c Diabetic^c Iranian^c Algerian^c Constitutional^c Dominican^c Climatic^c Collegiate^c African^c Culinary^c Andean^c Pedagogical^c Marxist^c Ancestral^c LongRange^c Feministic^c Monetary^c Amish^c Physiological^c Fiber-Optic^c Collegial^c Cross-Cultural^c Exploratory^c Soviet^c Metonymic^c Statistical^c Jewish^c Volcanic^c Educational^c Participatory^c Galactic^c Greek^c Systems^c Sentencing^c Acrylic^c Working-Class^c EasternOrthodox^c Tactical^c NonGovernmental^c MultiEthnic^c Dramatic^c Archaeological^c Robotic^c Stellar^c Single-Family^c Emotional^c Heavenly^c Extraterrestrial^c Civic^c Thematic^c Saccadic^c Renal^c Experimental^c Puerile^c Democratic-OfTheParty^c Devastated^c Computational^c Islamic^c Advisory^c ReligiouslyObservant^c High-Level^c Broadband^c Tibetan^c Taiwanese^c Structural^c Ghostly^c Applied^c Halfway^c Asexual^c Cooling^c Dialectical^c Liturgical^c National^c Real-Time^c Balsamic^c Episcopal^c Federalist^c Two-Day^c Secular^c Agricultural^c Democratic^c Racing-Attribute^c Faith-Based^c Celestial^c Nonpartisan^c Prosthetic^c Psychiatric^c European^c Brazilian^c Sporting^c Doctoral^c Enzymatic^c Exemplary^c InterCultural^c Traditional^c Grammatical^c Welsh^c Metallic^c Interpretive^c Evolutionary^c Marital^c Ethiopian^c African-American^c Swinish^c Presbyterian^c Nuclear-Cellular^c International^c Pulmonary^c Promotional^c Astronomical^c Swedish^c Multicultural^c Technological^c Terrestrial^c Respiratory^c Vocational^c Parmesan^c Atomic^c Earthly^c Cardiovascular^c NonProfit^c PostTest^c Fungal^c Philharmonic^c Domestic^c Papal^c Budgetary^c Abdominal^c Nineteenth-century^c Longitude-wise^c Syrian^c American^c Twentieth-century^c Confrontational^c Scandinavian^c Neurotic^c Geometric^c Epistemological^c Evidentiary^c Linguistic^c Danish^c Matched^c Spatial^c Aerospace^c Post-Season^c Allergical^c Sensorial^c Mid-Air^c Cerebral^c Neural^c Normative^c Circulatory^c Nutritional^c Mathematical^c Lutheran^c Pre-War^c Sectarian^c Botanical^c Axillary^c Theological^c Contractual^c Limiting^c Feminine^c Artistic^c Atmospheric^c Theoretical^c Tribal^c Scottish^c Penal^c Photographic^c Elemental^c Coronary^c Vital^c Biological^c Juvenile^c Congressional^c Egyptian^c After-School^c Hysterical^c Theatrical^c Siouan^c Czech^c Automotive^c Academic^c Parochial^c Geopolitical^c Viral^c Libertarian^c Philippine^c Binocular^c MultiMillionDollar^c Imperial^c Orbital^c Starting^c Romanian^c Mental^c Futuristic^c Nuclear^c Venezuelan^c Bureaucratic^c Palestinian^c Physical^c Caribbean^c Conversational^c Spiritual^c Asian^c Demographic^c Common-Law^c Diseased^c Equatorial^c Tactile^c Auditory^c Long-Distance^c Correctional^c Ceremonial^c Declarative^c Social^c Seminal^c Continental^c Literary^c Austrian^c Wholesale^c Strategic^c Moroccan^c Polish^c Finnish^c Choral^c Legislative^c Retrospective^c Electoral^c Two-Hour^c One-Person^c Journalistic^c Switching^c Clerical^c Republican^c Classical^c Institutional^c Systematic^c On-Screen^c Pre-Season^c Hypothetical^c Main-Line^c Colombian^c Generational^c Transitional^c Magnetical^c Portuguese^c Pornographic^c Three-Hour^c Bodily^c Biblical^c Indonesian^c Schizophrenical^c Naval^c Iconic^c Self-Help^c Multinational^c British^c Experiential^c Marine^c German^c Olympic^c Baltic^c Sculptural^c Bipolar^c Scholarly^c Gubernatorial^c Athletic^c Defensive^c Intravenous^c Kuwaiti^c Pluralistic^c Fundamentalist^c Metric^c Maritime^c Pastoral^c Interstellar^c Aesthetical^c Ethnic^c Ecclesiastical^c Metaphysical^c Eighteenth-century^c Molecular^c Celtic^c Orthopedic^c Motivational^c Lebanese^c Conceptual^c Metabolic^c Belgian^c Aerial^c Appalachian^c Departmental^c Contextual^c Supervisory^c Pathological^c Generating^c Pedantic^c Bucolic^c Assistant^c Floral^c Vaginal^c Logistical^c Neuronal^c Small-town^c Ballistic^c Orbital-Eye^c Humanitarian^c Regional^c Judicial^c Developmental^c Major-league^c Instrumental^c Rural^c Municipal^c Nasal^c High-Energy^c Reproductive^c Yugoslav^c Indigenous^c Californian^c Musical^c Freshwater^c Instinctive^c Parliamentary^c Aboriginal^c Peruvian^c Iambic^c Historical^c Existential^c MillionDollar^c Physical-Material^c Statutory^c Speculative^c Philosophical^c RightHand^c White-Collar^c Ideological^c Matriarchal^c Rearview^c Georgian^c Venetian^c Chrome^c Egalitarian^c Latin^c Topical^c Totalitarian^c Vocal^c Low-Income^c Differential^c Marginal^c BodyLocationAttribute^c Three-Day^c Textual^c Parisian^c Occupational^c Commercial^c Melodramatic^c Manual^c Procedural^c Late-Night^c Post-Colonial^c Archival^c Cuban^c Architectural^c Microbial^c One-Day^c Boyish^c Seismic^c Pathologic^c Oceanic^c Arctic^c Organizational^c Lyrical^c Elementary^c Holistic^c Antarctic^c Controlling^c Ministerial-Government^c Critical^c Religious^c Left-Wing^c Centennial^c Gravitational^c Ovarian^c Communal^c Cultural^c Georgian-US^c Cardiac^c Oriental^c Canadian^c Dental^c Sensuous^c Geometrical^c Proverbial^c Central^c Sports^c Pakistani^c Military^c Unilateral^c Lithuanian^c Surgical^c Electronic^c Geological^c Visual^c Inner-City^c Open-Air^c Managerial^c Medical^c Mechanical^c Lunar^c NocturnallyActive^c Stylistic^c Metaphorical^c Sophomore^c Diplomatic^c Diagnostic^c Governmental^c Logical^c Armenian^c Cochlear^c Relational^c Sensual^c Hierarchical^c Rhetorical^c Alaskan^c Personal^c Presidential^c Patriarchal^c Editorial^c Nominal^c Regulatory^c Regular-Season^c Cosmic^c Hormonal^c French^c Medieval^c Doctrinal^c Hegemonic^c Residential^c Vietnamese^c Genital^c Racial^c CoreNuclear^c Recreational^c Multivariate^c Left-Hand^c Philanthropic^c Haitian^c Curricular^c Mexican^c Chilean^c Temperate^c Shiitic^c Mormon^c Polar^c Interactive^c Microscopical^c Offshore^c Hispanic^c Federal^c Flowery^c Gastric^c Alpine^c Stereotypical^c Manic^c Circumstantial^c Apache^c Tropical^c Verbal-Grammatic^c Kurdish^c Jesuitic^c Guatemalan^c Intuitive^c Sculpturesque^c Midlife^c Somali^c Parental^c Focal^c Corporate^c Thermal^c Four-Day^c MutuallyExclusive^c Korean^c Geographical^c Bosnian^c Victorian^c Global^c Scientific^c Martial^c Editorialistic^c Ethnographic^c Serbian^c Chemotherapeutic^c Norwegian^c Byzantine^c Jordanian^c Cognitive^c Nerdy^c

PertainingAttributeValueType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PertainingAttributeValueType`
Description	PertainingAttributeValueType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of PertainingAttributeValue as their argument. `@ToDo: values should be disjoint with PertainingAttributeValues,but as yet (r915) ,but as no systematic search to add this type to PertainingAttributeValues.`
Super-classes	owl:Class^c QualitativeAttributeType^c
Members	Conversational Diplomatic InterCultural International Participatory Methodological Vicious Temporal Arab-Israeli Lexical Double-Digit Acoustic Ideographic Modular Dominican Acrylic African-American Numerical Interracial PertainingAttributeValue Existential Hormonal Theatrical Systems Experiential Interstellar Balsamic Contextual Interpretive Jesuitic RightHand Chrome Pictographic

Pertinent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pertinent`
Description	An AttributeValue applied to linguistic statements or other forms of communication (e.g. graphical) that are suitable for the specific situation (a pertinent remark) This corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'pertinent' and sense 5 of 'appropriate' and sense 1 of 'apropos' in WordNet: WN adjective 'pertinent': 1. (5) pertinent, to the point - (having precise or logical relevance to the matter at hand; 'a list of articles pertinent to the discussion'; 'remarks that were to the point') 2. (2) apposite, appropriate, apt, pertinent - (being of striking appropriateness and pertinence; 'the successful copywriter is a master of apposite and evocative verbal images'; 'an apt reply') WN adjective 'appropriate': 5. apposite, appropriate, apt, pertinent - (being of striking appropriateness and pertinence; 'the successful copywriter is a master of apposite and evocative verbal images'; 'an apt reply') WN adjective 'apropos': 1. apropos - (of an appropriate or pertinent nature)
Super-classes	Suitable^c
Sub-classes	Relevant^c

Perusing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perusing`
Description	''Perusing'' is an ''Inspection'' performed attentively. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peruse' in Wordnet: 1. (1) peruse - (examine or consider with attention and in detail; 'Please peruse this report at your leisure')
Super-classes	Inspection^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Attentively^c

Peruvian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peruvian

Description

''Peruvian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Peru'' or a ''PeruvianPerson'' or things associated with Peru or its people or culture.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Peruvian' in Wordnet:
          1. Peruvian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Peru or its people; 'Peruvian artifacts')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PeruvianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PeruvianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Peruvian' in WordNet: 1. Peruvian - (a native or inhabitant of Peru)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peru^c

Pervasive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pervasive

Description

The term 'pervasive' is used both literally and figuratively; in addition to substances permeating a porous object, it can be used to characterize ideas that are explicit or implicit in many parts of a text.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pervasive' in Wordnet:
          1. permeant, permeating, permeative, pervasive -
            (spreading or spread throughout; 'armed with permeative irony...he punctures affectations'; 
            'the pervasive odor of garlic'; 'an error is pervasive if it is material
            to more than one conclusion')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Perverse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Perverse`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perverse' in Wordnet: 1. (2) perverse - (marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict; 'took perverse satisfaction in foiling her plans')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c

Pervert^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pervert

Description

NOTE: these terms have now become less widely used to refer to people who are homosexual.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pervert' in WordNet:
        1. pervert, deviant, deviate, degenerate - 
          (a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior)

Super-classes Offender^c

Pessimism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pessimism`
Description	`Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'pessimism' in WordNet: 1. (1) pessimism - (the feeling that things will turn out badly) 2. pessimism - (a general disposition to look on the dark side and to expect the worst in all things)`
Super-classes	Despair^c
Sub-classes	Cynicism^c

Pessimist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pessimist`
Description	A ''Pessimist'' is someone who evaluates situations in a manner suggesting outcomes worse than are objectively most likely `Contrasts with Realist, optimist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pessimist' in WordNet: 1. (1) pessimist - (a person who expects the worst)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pessimistic^c

Pessimistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pessimistic

Description

''Pessimistic'' is a subtype of ''Anticipating'' it is an attribute of a ''Pessimist'' who habitually expects outcomes that are worse than an objective analysis would predict.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pessimistic' in WordNet:
        1. (1) pessimistic - (expecting the worst in this worst of all possible worlds)

Super-classes Anticipating^c

Pest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pest`
Description	An undesirable Animal that is destructive or carries disease, used especially of small animals or insects that damage crops or garden plants. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pest' in WordNet: 4. pest - (any unwanted and destructive insect or other animal that attacks food or crops or livestock etc.; 'he sprayed the garden to get rid of pests'; 'many pests have developed resistance to the common pesticides')`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c Vermin^c UndesirableThing^c
Sub-classes	BlackRat^c NorwayRat^c BollWeevil^c

Pesticide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pesticide`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pesticide' in WordNet: 1. pesticide - (a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects))`
Super-classes	ToxicSubstance^c
Restrictions	canKill^op value Pest^c
Sub-classes	Insecticide^c

PestiferousPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PestiferousPerson`
Description	A''PestiferousPerson'' is a ''HumanRole'' for people whose behavior makes them referred to as a 'pest' by some person/persons whom they annoy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pest' in WordNet: 3. pest, blighter, cuss, pesterer, gadfly - (a persistently annoying person)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Annoying^c

Pesto^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pesto`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pesto' in WordNet: 1. pesto - (a sauce typically served with pasta; contains crushed basil leaves and garlic and pine nuts and Parmesan cheese in olive oil)`
Super-classes	Sauce^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Pasta^c

PetDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetDoor`
Description	A small door, usually in a normal-sized house door, that allows pets to go in and out by themselves.
Super-classes	Door^c

PetFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetFood`
Description	CYC: The collection of foods and beverages not only normally eaten by #$DomesticPets, but intended to be eaten by #$DomesticPets and marketed as such. A salient example is commercial #$DogFood, but this also includes food for more unusual pets like snakes or spiders. It does not include commerical feed for non-pet domesticated animals like horses. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pet food' in WordNet: 1. petfood, pet-food, pet food - (food prepared for animal pets)`
Super-classes	DomesticatedAnimalFood^c
Restrictions	isForTheUseOf^op value DomesticPet^c
Sub-classes	CatFood^c FishFood^c DogFood^c

Petal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petal`
Description	A part of a ''Flower'' that is derived from a primitive leaf. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petal' in Wordnet: 1. (2) petal, flower petal - (part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored)`
Super-classes	FloralLeaf^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Flower^c

PetitJury^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetitJury

Description

In cyc called 'Jury-Petit'. A PetitJury can convict or acquit a person of a crime, or in civil cases can judge for or against a plaintiff.

      Cyc: The collection of all juries constituted by
        governments to try legal cases as opposed to accepting
        indictments.  In legalese,  petit  jury.  See also #$GrandJury.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petit jury' in WordNet.
        1. petit jury, petty jury - (a jury of 12 to determine the facts
          and decide the issue in civil or criminal proceedings)

Super-classes Jury^c

Petition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petition`
Description	A ''Petition''is a ''Message'' produced by a 'Petitioning''Action, sent to some''Authority''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petition' in WordNet: 1. (6) request, petition, postulation - (a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority)`
Super-classes	Message^c AbstractInformationStore^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some Petitioning^c

PetitionDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetitionDocument`
Description	A ''PetitionDocument''is a ''Document-Physical'' that is the physical representation of a ''Petition'' (an abstract document). RHW 'petition': 1. a formally drawn request, often bearing the names of a number of those making the request, that is addressed to a person or group of persons in authority or power, soliciting some favor, right, mercy, or other benefit: a petition for clemency; a petition for the repeal of an unfair law. WN does not distinguish the physical document and its abstract content - both are represented in COSMO by the same synset. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petition' in WordNet: 1. (6) request, petition, postulation - (a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority)
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedRecipient^op some Authority^c isProducedByEventType^op some Petitioning^c

PetitionMemorial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetitionMemorial`
Description	A ''PetitionMemorial'' is a ''Memorandum'' submitted to an authority in support of a petition. `RHW: 2. a written statement of facts presented to a sovereign, a legislative body, etc., as the ground of, or expressed in the form of, a petition or remonstrance. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'memorial' in WordNet: 2. memorial - (a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to an authority)`
Super-classes	Memorandum^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value AgreementType^c

Petitioner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petitioner`
Description	A ''Petitioner'' is an agent that performs some act of formal requesting that can be termed a 'petition'. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'petitioner' in WordNet: 1. (30) petitioner, suppliant, supplicant, requester - (one praying humbly for something; "a suppliant for her favors") 2. suer, petitioner - (someone who petitions a court for redress of a grievance or recovery of a right)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Petitioning^c
Sub-classes	Fundraiser^c

Petitioning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petitioning`
Description	A ''Petitioning'' is a ''Requesting'' (an Action) that is also a ''ApplyingForSomething'' in which some formal message is delivered to an ''Authority'' asking or something to be done. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'petition' in WordNet: 1. (2) petition - (write a petition for something to somebody; request formally and in writing)`
Super-classes	ApplyingForSomething^c Requesting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c

Petnapping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petnapping`
Description	''Petnapping'' is a ''CapturingAnAnimal'' where the animal is someone's pet animal. RHW 'petnapping': the stealing of a pet, as for resale or ransom.
Super-classes	CapturingAnAnimal^c Kidnapping^c
Restrictions	resultsInAcquisitionOf^op value DomesticPet^c hadAffectedAgent^op some DomesticPet^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Captured^c

Petrochemical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petrochemical`
Description	A subcollection of #$PetroleumBasedProduct, such as benzene, ethylene, and styrene, obtained from petrochemical feedstocks such as ethane, propane, and naphtha. Many #$Plastics are manufactured from #$Petrochemicals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petrochemical' in Wordnet: 1. petrochemical - (any compound obtained from petroleum or natural gas)`
Super-classes	PetroleumBasedProduct^c OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Styrene^c Benzene^c Toluene^c

Petroglyph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petroglyph`
Description	A marking on a rock, usually used of antique markings. `RHW: a drawing or carving on rock, made by a member of a prehistoric people.`
Super-classes	Carving-2D^c AntiqueObject^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Boulder^c

Petroleum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petroleum

Description

Petroleum is a natural mixture of PhysicalSubstances, composed mostly of organic hydrocarbons, extracted from deposits in rocks under the ground. It is a liquid at normal temperature and is typically viscous and dark-colored. Most petroleum is formed by the decomposition of animal and vegetable material over millions of years. Petroleum is found in a 'PetroleumReservoir'.

        COSMO note: Petroleum is considered as an artificial substance,
        (a 'ProcessedNaturalSubstance') since this Type refers to the
        material pumped from the ground, not the in situ substance.
        Petroleum in situ is not represented
        as such in the basic COSMO ontology, but can be added if needed.
        It could be related to this type as (using types not yet
        present in COSMO) by relations such as:
          {PetroleumInSitu rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#NaturalTangibleStuff"}
          {PetroleumInSitu isaConstituentSubstanceOf PetroleumBearingFormation}
          {Petroleum isDerivedFrom PetroleumBearingFormation}

     Cyc: Called 'Petroleum-CrudeOil' in Cyc:
       A subset of #$Oil and a
        #$TangibleStuffCompositionType,  petroleum is the crude oil
        that is usually   pumped from the ground and used   to make
        gasoline, petrochemicals, plastics, etc.  See also
        #$PetroleumProduct  and #$PetroleumProduct-Refined.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petroleum' and sense 1 of
            'crude oil' in WordNet:
        1. petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil -
          (a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons)

Super-classes FossilFuel^c
LiquidSubstance^c
NaturalTangibleStuff^c
OrganicSubstance^c
ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c
Mixture^c
Oil^c

PetroleumBasedProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetroleumBasedProduct`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$PartiallyTangibleProducts that are derived wholly or principally from #$Petroleum-CrudeOil. This includes crude oil itself, #$PetroleumProducts derived from components of crude oil through #$Refining, and #$Petrochemicals manufactured from refined petroleum products through some chemical alterations. `NOTE: the subtype ''Petrochemical'' is more commonly used to refer to the concepts covered in this concept.`
Super-classes	Product^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Petroleum^c
Sub-classes	Petrochemical^c PetroleumJelly^c HeatingOil^c PetroleumProduct^c

PetroleumJelly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetroleumJelly`
Description	''PetroleumJelly'' is a gelatinous semi-solid substance consisting mostly of hydrocarbons, used as a lubricant or for application to the skin to moisturize or soothe a burn or wound. Has little or no water in it. 'Vaseline', though a trademark, is often used as a synonym of 'petroleum jelly'. `This substance is firmer and less liquidy than most 'jellies', which are water-based. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petroleum jelly' in WordNet: 1. petrolatum, petroleum jelly, mineral jelly - (a semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in medicinal ointments and for lubrication) WN 'Vaseline': 1. Vaseline - (a trademarked brand of petroleum jelly)`
Super-classes	PetroleumBasedProduct^c SemiSolidSubstance^c OrganicCompound^c Lubricant^c gel^c
Restrictions	hasLittleOfSubstance^op value Water^c

PetroleumProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetroleumProduct`
Description	An #$ExistingStuffType; a specialization of #$PetroleumBasedProduct. #$PetroleumProducts include both #$Petroleum-CrudeOil and substances derived from it through #$Refining, which are specs of the collection #$PetroleumProduct-Refined. Note: This collection is NOT coextensive with #$Oil; #$Oil includes substances, such as #$EdibleOil, that are not petroleum, and #$PetroleumProduct includes substances, such as #$GasolineFuel, that are not #$Oils. `SUMO: PetroleumProduct is a broad class that includes both crude oil (Petroleum) and RefinedPetroleumProducts.`
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c PetroleumBasedProduct^c
Sub-classes	PetroleumProduct-Refined^c

PetroleumProduct-Refined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetroleumProduct-Refined`
Description	A specialization of #$PetroleumProduct. Each instance of #$PetroleumProduct-Refined is petroleum that has been derived from (see #$derivedFrom) crude petroleum (see #$Petroleum-CrudeOil) in an event that is an instance of #$Refining (q.v.)
Super-classes	PetroleumProduct^c
Sub-classes	Napalm^c Gasoline^c Kerosene^c LubricatingOil^c DieselFuel^c HeatingOil^c

PetroleumProductType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetroleumProductType`
Description	'PetroleumProductType' is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take multiple sbtypes of ''PetroleumProduct'' as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	ProductType^c SubstanceType^c
Members	Tar Gasoline Kerosene AviationFuel DieselFuel Petrochemical

PetroleumReservoir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PetroleumReservoir`
Description	A PetroleumReservoir is a GeologicalReservoir containing Petroleum. This type is the PhysicalObject within that region of rock within the Earth that actually contains Petroleum. A wider geographical region having some PetroleumReservoir underneath is called an 'OilField'..
Super-classes	MineralResource^c GeologicalReservoir^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value OilField^c isaSourceOf^op value Petroleum^c contains^op value Petroleum^c

PettingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PettingAnAnimal`
Description	'PettingAnAnimal' is an Event in which a person intentionally touches the body of a non-human animal in a gentle, typically stroking manner, with the person's hand. Usually the animal touched will be a furry mammal, but it could be a bird or reptile. This action may be intended to please the animal, or to serve as a soothing action for the person, or both. The 'NonHumanAnimal' petted is usually domesticated, but that is not necessary to fit into this type of Action. `RHW sense 8: to fondle or caress: to pet a dog. Includes at least part of verb sense 1 of 'pet' in WordNet: 1. (1) pet - (stroke or caress gently; 'pet the lamb')`
Super-classes	TouchingDeliberately^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op some NonHumanAnimal^c

Petty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Petty

Description

''Petty''is an attribute of Actions that reflectan exaggerated grievance and wish to get revenge for small offenses by others.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'petty' in Wordnet:
        3. petty, small-minded - (contemptibly narrow in outlook; 
           'petty little comments'; 'disgusted with their small-minded pettiness')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Peverted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peverted

Description

''Peverted'' is an AttributeValue of human sexual Behavior that is unconventional and considered improper or immoral by many people, who consider it as showing moral deficiency..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perverted' in Wordnet:
          1. kinky, perverted - ((used of sexual behavior) showing or appealing 
             to bizarre or deviant tastes; 'kinky sex'; 'perverted practices')

Super-classes Unusual^c

Pew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pew`
Description	A ''Pew'' is any one of several ''Bench''es usually with a 'back support' and usually found in a church or other place intended for people to assemble and listen to speakers. In COSMO usage, a ''Pew'' must have a ''BackRest'' otherwise it is just a ''Bench'' even if in a church. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pew in WodNet: 1. (1) pew, church bench - (long bench with backs; used in church by the congregation`
Super-classes	Bench^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value ChurchBuilding^c hasPhysicalPart^op value BackRest^c

Peyote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Peyote`
Description	Cactus well-known for its hallucinogenic effects. #$Mescaline is a derivative of Peyote. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peyote' in WordNet: 1. mescal, mezcal, peyote, Lophophora williamsii - (a small spineless globe-shaped cactus; source of mescal buttons)`
Super-classes	Cactus^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Mescaline^c

PhDDegree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhDDegree

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ph.D.' in WordNet:
           1. Ph.D., PhD - (an American doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study 
              and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded by a graduate school)
          WN noun 'Doctor of Philosophy':
            1. (1) Doctor of Philosophy - (a doctorate awarded for original contributions to knowledge)

Super-classes DoctoralDegree^c

Phantom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phantom`
Description	A ''Phantom'' is an Object that was presented to the mind in an ''Apparition''. This type is neutral as to whether the ''Phantom'' has any objective existence outside the mind, but a ''Phantom'' must be present only when an ''Apparition'' takes place. NOT: the two WN senses differ in that one is the 'spirit' Object that is ghostly, and the other is the 'illusion' of seeing that Object, which is represented in COSMO by ''Apparition''. These are hard to differentiate from the examples given, and multiple additional examples need to be examined. For now, they are combined. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'Phantom' and senses 1 and 3 of 'apparition' in WordNet: 1. (2) apparition, phantom, phantasm, phantasma, fantasm, specter, spectre - (a ghostly appearing figure; 'we were unprepared for the apparition that confronted us') 2. (1) apparition, phantom, phantasm, phantasma, fantasm, shadow - (something existing in perception only; 'a ghostly apparition at midnight') WN noun 'specter': 1. (5) ghost, shade, spook, wraith, specter, spectre - (a mental representation of some haunting experience; 'he looked like he had seen a ghost'; 'it aroused specters from his past')
Super-classes	ConsciousActivity^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Apparition^c

PharmaceuticalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PharmaceuticalType`
Description	PharmaceuticalType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to more or less well-defined chemical substances that are used officially (in some society) as a medicine..
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Members	Thyroxine ImipenemCilastatinSodium Cocaine VitaminB TetraHydroCannabinol Morphine Erythromycin Diazepam NarcoticDrug NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory Heroin Ciprofloxacin BenzoylPeroxide Amoxicillin Quinine Mescaline Adrenaline VitaminE InsulinTheSecretion Nicotine VitaminC Caffeine VitaminD AntiInflammatory Testosterone Amphetamine Diltiazem Ibuprofen Famotidine

Pharmacist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pharmacist

Description

CYC: The collection of professionals who are trained and licensed to prepare and distribute legal drugs.

        SUMO: The Profession of being a pharmacist, i.e. 
       preparing and dispensing BiologicallyActiveSubstances.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pharmacist' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) pharmacist, druggist, chemist, apothecary, pill pusher, pill roller -
            (a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs)

Super-classes MedicalCareProfessional^c

PharmacyProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PharmacyProduct`
Description	A PharmacyProduct may be a solid or a liquid. A pharmaceutical Substance may be considered as a PharmacyProduct, therefore PharmacyProduct is not restricted to PhysicalObjects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pharmaceutical' in WordNet: 1. pharmaceutical, pharmaceutic - (drug or medicine that is prepared or dispensed in pharmacies and used in medical treatment)`
Super-classes	Product^c
Sub-classes	DrugProduct^c

PharmacyProductType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PharmacyProductType`
Description	COSMO note: used for both substances and Objects. @ToDo (v0.50) Probably should be distinguished. `Cyc: A collection of collections, and a specialization of #$ManufacturedGoodsType. Instances of this collection are types of pharmaceutical products that may be prescribed by a medical professional. Note that this includes drugs -- specializations of #$DrugSubstance -- as well as pharmaceutical devices such as #$TestStrip or #$HearingAid-Prescription. #$PrescriptionDrugType and #$OverTheCounterDrugType are among the specializations of this collection.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Suppository Pill DoseOfDrug TabletDrug PharmacyProduct AnabolicSteroid DrugObject CalamineLotion Dosage HerbalMedicine Lozenge OralDrugSubstance LiquidOralMedicine DrugProduct CoughMedicine SteroidalDrug CoughDrop OralDrugObject VitaminPill MedicalLotion OverTheCounterDrug MultiVitaminPill

Phasianid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phasianid`
Description	A ''GameBird'' is a ''Bird'' that is hunted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phasianid' in WordNet: 1. phasianid - (a kind of game bird in the family Phasianidae)`
Super-classes	GameBird^c
Sub-classes	Pheasant^c

Pheasant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pheasant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pheasant' in WordNet: 1. (2) pheasant - (large long-tailed gallinaceous bird native to the Old World but introduced elsewhere)`
Super-classes	Phasianid^c
Sub-classes	Peafowl^c

Phenomenal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phenomenal

Description

''Phenomenal'' is a more intense attribute than ''Superlative'' characterizing things that are also ''Surprising'' in their intensity or size or magnitude.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'phenomenal' in Wordnet:
          2. fantastic, phenomenal - (exceedingly or unbelievably great; 
             'the bomb did fantastic damage'; 'Samson is supposed to have had fantastic strength'; 
             'phenomenaRl feats of memory')

Super-classes Superlative^c
Surprising^c

Phenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phenomenon`
Description	A phenomenon is basically any Event that can be objectively studied by the scientific method, which is any Event that has some PhysicalObject as a participant. This differs from the DOLCE treatment of this term. This includes actions by animal, not just natural phenomena. Although many 'phenomena' studied scientifically will focus on the time course of Events, all such Events must involve some type of PhysicalObject, thus the restriction is added to specify what physical objects are involved. the subProperty of 'hasParticipant', 'hadObjectObserved' may be used to specify the PhysicalObject in the Phenomenon when an 'Observation' is being discussed. phenomenon[DOLCE?no_actor_involved]> DOLCE (phenomenon) Therefore, it cannot be sequenced by a task. It can be seen as an accomplishment when some intentionality puts boundaries on it (although it is not claimed to be inherently intentional). On the other hand, a purely physical phenomenon does not seem to have inherent boundaries either ... and also for biological processes as well as economic processes this seems to be disputable. If the boundary hypothesis is discarded, phenomenon should migrate under process. Includes but is perhaps broader than noun sense 1 of 'phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. (26) phenomenon - (any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning)
Super-classes	Event^c ObservableThing^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Tide^c SupernaturalPhenomenon^c PhysicalForce^c VisiblePhenomenon^c NaturalPhenomenon^c WondrousThing^c RockOrSnowSlide^c RefractingLight^c OpticalPhenomenon^c Discharge^c

Phenotype^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phenotype`
Description	A Group of Attributes of some individual, in contrast to the prototypical attributes of the Group of Organisms with the same Genotype. This is related to the Genotype. How?? As a Pair for each attribute comparing Genotype and Phenotype? `This is a shell, it needs to be filled in. need to add genotype and relate the two. This should be an attribute. Appearance - subtype? @ToDo1 RHW: 1. the observable constitution of an organism. 2. the appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment. Cf. genotype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phenotype' in WordNet: 1. phenotype - (what an organism looks like as a consequence of the interaction of its genotype and the environment)`
Super-classes	Components^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Attribute^c hasComponentElement^op some OrganismPartType^c

Philanthropic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philanthropic

Description

''Philanthropic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Philanthropy'' and Agents who perform ''Philanthropy'' and associated events.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'philanthropic' in Wordnet:
       2. philanthropic - (of or relating to or characterized by philanthropy; 'a philanthropic society')

Super-classes Benevolent^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Philanthropist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philanthropist`
Description	CYC: The collection of all people who donate large amounts of money or other items to charities or people in need. `NOTE: this is usually applied to rich people who give a lot. That is the sense used here. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'philanthropist' (for big donors - smaller donors are just ''Donor''s) in WordNet: 1. (1) philanthropist, altruist - (someone who makes charitable donations intended to increase human well-being)`
Super-classes	Donor^c WealthyPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Philanthropy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Philanthropic^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney^c

Philanthropy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philanthropy`
Description	''Philanthropy'' is ''FinancialAssistance'' provided by a non-governmental Agent, often an individual ''Philanthropist (a ''Person''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philanthropy' in WordNet: 1. philanthropy, philanthropic gift - (voluntary promotion of human welfare)`
Super-classes	FinancialAssistance^c CharitableAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Philanthropic^c isPerformedBy^op some (Philanthropist^c or PrivateOrganization^c or OrganizationType^c)

Philharmonic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philharmonic

Description

''Philharmonic'' is a AttributeValue of things pertaining to a ''SymphonyOrchestra'', especially those having 'Philharmonic' as part of their name.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'philharmonic' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) philharmonic - (composing or characteristic of an orchestral group; 'philharmonic players')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Philippine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philippine

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Philippine' in Wordnet:
          1. Filipino, Philippine - (of or relating to or characteristic of 
             the Philippines or its people or customs; "the Philippine President"; "our Filipino cook")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Philology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philology

Description

''Philology'' is a branch of ''Humanities'' dealing with the ;humanistic' as contrated with 'scientifi' study of language. For the scientific study use ''Linguistics'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philology' in WordNet:
      1. linguistics, philology - (the humanistic study of language and literature)

Super-classes Humanities^c

Philosopher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philosopher`
Description	A specialization of #$Person; in the context of #$HumanActivitiesMt this collection is an instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity, in the context of #$JobMt it is an instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$Philosopher is a person who habitually thinks about philosophical matters such as what is or might be, what we can know, how we can know anything, etc. In the contemporary era most philosophers are academics or professionals, but a significant number (now and historically) don't fit this profile. `NOTE: this sense of ''Philosopher'' can be applied to persons who are not specialists, but who have or adhere to some particular 'phlosophy' or philosophical school of thought, e.g. subtype ''Moralist''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philosopher' in WordNet: 1. (15) philosopher - (a specialist in philosophy)`
Super-classes	Expert^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Philosophy^c
Sub-classes	Moralist^c LibertarianPerson^c

PhilosophersStone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhilosophersStone

Description

'PhilosophersStone' is a specialized concept located at a high level in Wordnet, thus is included in COSMO.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philosopher's stone' in WordNet:
           1. philosopher's stone, philosophers' stone, elixir - (a hypothetical substance 
           that the alchemists believed to be capable of changing base metals into gold)

Super-classes PhysicalSubstance^c

Philosophical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philosophical

Description

''Philosophical'' is an attribute pertaining to ''Philosophy'' and ''PhilosophicalSchool''s and people and procedures and activities characteristic of ''Philosophy'',as well as the ideas, theories, and writings and sayings of ''Philosopher''s.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'philosophical' in Wordnet:
         1. (7) philosophic, philosophical - (of or relating to 
             philosophy or philosophers; 'philosophical writing';
             'a considerable knowledge of philosophical terminology')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PhilosophicalSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhilosophicalSchool`
Description	Any of many sets of beliefs that are held as a related system of beliefs by enough people to be given a name, often ending in the suffix '-ism'. For religious systems use subtype ''ReligiousDoctrine''. CYC: ('PhilosophyBeliefs'): The class of #$BeliefSystems that deal in rather abstract terms with what can be known, what is and what can be, and/or with what should be. Sample elements of #$PhilosophyBeliefs include #$MilesianSchoolBeliefs, #$ThalesPhilosophy, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philosophy' in WordNet: 1. (12) doctrine, philosophy, philosophical system, school of thought, ism - (a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school)
Super-classes	BeliefSystem^c
Sub-classes	Humanitarianism^c Relativism^c NaiveRealism^c Animism^c ReligiousDoctrine^c Postmodernism^c Libertarianism^c Teachings^c Pluralism^c PhilosophicalTheory^c Egalitarianism^c Multiculturalism^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christianity

PhilosophicalTheory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhilosophicalTheory`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philosophical theory' in WordNet: 1. philosophical doctrine, philosophical theory - (a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Philosophy^c
Sub-classes	Semiotics^c

Philosophy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Philosophy`
Description	The ''FieldOfStudy'' whose topics `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'philosophy' in WordNet: 2. (8) philosophy - (the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics)`
Super-classes	Humanities^c
Sub-classes	Dialectic^c Aesthetics^c Epistemology^c Metaphysics^c

Phlegm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phlegm

Description

CYC: The collection of oozy, slimy secretion found in many different places in and on one's body, including in your nose.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'phlegm' in WordNet:
          2. phlegm, sputum - (expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges 
            from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it 
            was believed to cause sluggishness)

Super-classes Mucus^c

Phlegm-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phlegm-Feeling`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phlegm' in WordNet: 1. emotionlessness, impassivity, impassiveness, phlegm, indifference, stolidity, unemotionality - (apathy demonstrated by an absence of emotional reactions)`
Super-classes	Indifference^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uninvolved^c

PhloxPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhloxPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phlox' in WordNet: 1. phlox - (any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers)`
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c

Phobia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phobia`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$PsychologicalAilments characterized by a persistent, abnormal, and irrational fear of a specific thing or situation that compels one to avoid it, despite the awareness and reassurance that it is not dangerous. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phobia' in WordNet: 1. phobia, phobic disorder, phobic neurosis - (an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations; 'phobic disorder is a general term for all phobias')`
Super-classes	AnxietyDisorder^c
Sub-classes	Acrophobia^c Claustrophobia^c Xenophobia^c

Phoenix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phoenix`
Description	A ''Phoenix'' is a mythical ''Bird'' that is effectively 'immortal' by renewing itself in fire.. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'phoenix' in WordNet: 3. phoenix - (a legendary Arabian bird said to periodically burn itself to death and emerge from the ashes as a new phoenix; according to most versions only one phoenix lived at a time and it renewed itself every 500 years)`
Super-classes	MythicalThing^c Bird^c
Restrictions	hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleEast^c existsInContext^op value Legend^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immortal^c

Phonathon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phonathon`
Description	A ''Phonathon'' is a ''FundRaisingCampaign' performed by a GroupOfPeople making telephone calls to solicit money. `RHW 'phonathon': a campaign to solicit funds or support in which volunteers make phone calls to prospective donors or supporters.`
Super-classes	Campaign^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value FundRaising^c

Phoneme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phoneme`
Description	The abstract symbol representing a unit of sound in some spoken language. This is not the sound itself. Cyc: The collection of #$Phonemes. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound which affects the meaning of a word. Different languages have different phonemes but there are general classes of phonemes which are used to categorise phonemes across languages. See the specs of this collection for those classes. Example: ie represents an #$EnglishLanguage #$Diphthong-Vowel, which is a kind of phoneme. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phoneme' in Wordnet: 1. (2) phoneme - ((linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language)
Super-classes	LinguisticObject^c AbstractSymbol^c
Sub-classes	Vowel^c Consonant^c

PhoneticWritingSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhoneticWritingSystem`
Description	A 'PhoneticWritingSystem'' is a ''NotationalSystem'' for writing a Language that uses a Group of ''NotationalSymbol''s (''AbstractSymbol''s) ordered by a writing convention (order of the symbols, left to right or vice-versa, top to bottom, capitalization, pronunciation, spacing, etc) to represent the sounds and organization for words in a Humanlanguage `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writing system' in WordNet: 1. orthography, writing system - (a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols)`
Super-classes	NotationalSystem^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op some Alphabet^c
Sub-classes	Braille^c

Phonetician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phonetician`
Description	A #$Linguist specializing in #$Phonetics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonetician' in WordNet: 1. phonetician - (a specialist in phonetics)`
Super-classes	Linguist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Phonetics^c

Phonetics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phonetics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonetics' in WordNet: 1. (1) phonetics - (the branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis)`
Super-classes	Acoustics^c
Restrictions	hasSubject^op value EmittingSound^c hasSubject^op value MakingAnOralSound^c

Phonograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phonograph`
Description	A ''Phonograph'' is a ''Device'' that can 'play' a ''VinylRecord''. The sound emitted does not have to be music, it can be speech, or even animal sounds. `NOTE: this is classified for convenience as a '''usicalInstrument''. If there is a logical description of ''MusicalInstrument'' that excludes this, this relation can be deleted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonograph' in WordNet: 1. (1) record player, phonograph - (machine in which rotating records cause a stylus to vibrate and the vibrations are amplified acoustically or electronically)`
Super-classes	AcousticDevice^c MediaPlayingDevice^c MusicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Sound^c uses^op value VinylRecord^c

Phonologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phonologist`
Description	A #$Linguist specializing in #$Phonology. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonologist' in WordNet: 1. phonologist - (a specialist in phonology)`
Super-classes	Linguist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Phonology^c

Phonology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phonology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonology' in WordNet: 1. (5) phonology, phonemics - (the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes)`
Super-classes	Linguistics^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Phoneme^c hasTopic^op value Speaking^c isaBranchOf^op value Linguistics^c

Phosphate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phosphate`
Description	An inorganic salt (any cation) that has phosphate as its anionic component. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phosphate' in WordNet: 1. (9) phosphate, orthophosphate, inorganic phosphate - (a salt of phosphoric acid)`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value PhosphateIon^c

PhosphateGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhosphateGroup`
Description	A ''PhosphateGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing Phosphorus and Oxygen in the ratio of 1:4 (PO4). This group may have a negative charge, but not necessarily, as fully substituted ''PhosphateGroup''s can be stable. `a " nucleotide " has only one such group`
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourOxygenAtoms^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OnePhosphorusAtom^c

PhosphateIon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhosphateIon`
Description	An anionic substance each unit object of which is one phospate Group, each group having one to three negative charges. Each phospate has one Phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms, and zero to two hydrogen atoms, dependingon the number of associated cations
Super-classes	Anion^c

PhosphoLipid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhosphoLipid`
Description	A ''PhosphoLipid'' is a ''Lipid'' that has Phosphorus as part of its chemical constitution. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phospholipid' in WordNet: 1. phospholipid - (any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes)`
Super-classes	Lipid^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Phosphorus^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Nitrogen^c
Sub-classes	Lecithin^c

Phosphorus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phosphorus

Description

An essential component of DNA and RNA, each atom has 15 protons in the nucleus.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phosphorus' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) phosphorus, P, atomic number 15 - (a multivalent nonmetallic element 
            of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks 
            and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive 
            and occurs in several allotropic forms)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c

PhosphorusAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhosphorusAtom`
Description	One atom of ''Phosphorus''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes.
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Phosphorus^c

PhosphorusCompound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhosphorusCompound`
Description	Any ChemicallyDefinedSubstance containing Phosphorus in its molecule..
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Phosphorus^c
Sub-classes	Apatite^c Nucleotide^c NucleicAcid^c

Photocopy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Photocopy

Description

CYC: The collection of copies of documents produced by a photographic process, such as xerography.

       NOTE: this differs from the parent ''ImageCopy'' only in being a 'paper' copy.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photocopy' in WordNet:
         1. photocopy - (a photographic copy of written or printed or graphic work)

Super-classes DocumentCopy^c
Paper-IBO^c
SheetOfPaper^c

Photograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Photograph`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is a sheet of material containing an image produced by photography; this includes prints, slides, negatives, and photos printed on sheet-like objects other than traditional photographic paper (such as glass or plastic film). Digital images are not included in this type, they will be subtypes of 'AbstractImage' but do not yet (v0.37) have a representation in COSMO. Each instance of this type is a physical representation of an AbstractImage. SUMO: An Icon that is the result of a process of Photographing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photograph' and includes part of sense 1 of 'picture' in WordNet: 1. (17) photograph, photo, exposure, pic - (a picture of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material) WN noun 'picture': 1. (27) picture, image, icon, ikon - (a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; 'they showed us the pictures of their wedding'; 'a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them') WN noun 'shot': 7. (76) snapshot, snap, shot - (an informal photograph; usually made with a small hand-held camera; 'my snapshots haven't been developed yet'; 'he tried to get unposed shots of his friends")
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c ExposedFilmSheet^c DurableGood^c GenericPhotograph^c Picture^c
Sub-classes	VignettePhotograph^c CloseUp^c

Photographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Photographer`
Description	Any person who takes photographs or videos for sale or publication, or as a major part of an employment position. For one who make Movies, us subtype ''Cameraman''. Just taking photographs for personal use does not make one a 'Photographer'. 'professional photographers' who make most of their money from selling photographs or are employed to take photographs would be a subtype. @ToDo: this currently includes people who take photographs and put them on an a public on-line site like Flickr, but only if they are more than casual about knowing how to take good photographs, and do that a lot, over more than a year; that would be 'publication'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photographer' in WordNet; this may be broader than WordNet as it does not require that a Photographer have photography as his/her main source of income,just for some use in distribution. in WordNet: 1. photographer, lensman - (someone who takes photographs professionally)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value TakingaPhotograph^c
Sub-classes	Cameraman^c NewsPhotographer^c

Photographic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Photographic

Description

''Photographic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Photography, ''Photograph''s, and characteristic photographic processes and attributes.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'photographic' in Wordnet:
        1. (7) photographic - (relating to photography 
          or obtained by using photography; 'photographic equipment')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PhotographicDeveloperType^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhotographicDeveloperType

Description

''PhotographicDeveloperType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that can function to cause a latent image on photographic film (or plate) to become visible by causing reactions on the exposed or unexposed parts of the light-sensitive coating,

    This type includes as subtypes both the chemical agents that can be used
      to prepare developer solutions, as well as the solutions containing these agents.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'developer' in WordNet:
        2. developer - (photographic equipment consisting of a chemical solution for developing film)

Super-classes ChemicalSubstanceType^c

PhotographicFilm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhotographicFilm`
Description	COSMO: A substance consisting of transparent plastic sheet, coated with an emulsion of light-sensitive substance like silver chloride. Since it can be subdivided and still be photographic film, it is considered as a substance. A piece of such film would be an object. `For the 'movie' captured on pfotographic film, see 'Movie'. ToDo: specify two layers, and components of the layers. SUMO: Celluloid covered with an emulsion which can be converted into photographic negatives by a Camera. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photographic film' and sense 5 of 'film' in WordNet: 1. film, photographic film - (photographic material consisting of a base of celluloid covered with a photographic emulsion; used to make negatives or transparencies)`
Super-classes	Film-SheetOrCoating^c ArtificialSubstance^c InformationStorageMedia^c ThermoplasticSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Emulsion^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Plastic^c

Photography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Photography`
Description	This is the Topic of 'Photography', which includes ''TakingaPhotograph'' as one element of the Group of Actions that are part of the Topic. Also included are Photographs and Cameras. NOTE that the photograph produced need not be FineArt, it can be some visual art object that has a practical purpose, such as photographs taken for personal use or commercial use, as well as for the sake of Art. This includes taking hard copy or digital images. The restriction specifies that a 'CapturedImage' (an 'Abstractimage') is produced; a physical image is also produced (even if in a digital storage medium), but it is notnecessary to specify that. Includes both the amateur and professional (occupational) senses of 'photography', but the occupation itself would be represented separately. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photography' in WordNet: 1. (1) photography, picture taking - (the act of taking and printing photographs)
Super-classes	ActivityTopic^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Camera^c hasComponentElement^op value TakingaPhotograph^c hasComponentElement^op value Photograph^c

Photon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Photon`
Description	A Photon is a subatomic particle that packages a certain amount of electromagnetic radiation at a particular wavelength. It has zero rest mass, but a relativistic mass that depends on its frequency according to Planck's law. This is classified here as a PhysicalObject, though it is a weird one, and a bunch of moving photons are classified as an Event(!). That's quantum mechanics for you. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photon' in Wordnet: 1. (1) photon - (a quantum of electromagnetic radiation; an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle)`
Super-classes	SubAtomicParticle^c NanoScaleObject^c
Sub-classes	RadioWavePhoton^c

PhotosensitiveFilmCoating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhotosensitiveFilmCoating`
Description	A ''PhotosensitiveFilmCoating'' is a ''PhotosensitiveSubstance'' that is applied as a coating to some film (or plate) where it can detect light (potentially distinguishing colors), and preserve an image focused on the film. `There are several types of photosensitive materials and the 'development' process may differ with the type of photosensitive material. In any case, parts of the coating will be exposed when the image is taken, and other parts will not be, with gradations in between, where the exposed and unexposed grains are mixed.`
Super-classes	PhotosensitiveSubstance^c
Sub-classes	UnexposedFilmCoating^c

PhotosensitiveSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhotosensitiveSubstance`
Description	A ''PhotosensitiveSubstance'' is an ''ArtificialSubstance'' prepared specifically for use in applications that involve detecting light. The most well-known is the photosensitive granular material contained in the photographic emulsion on ''PhotographicFilm''.
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c
Sub-classes	PhotosensitiveFilmCoating^c

Photosynthesis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Photosynthesis`
Description	''Photosynthesis'' is a ''BiochemicalReaction'' that occurs in Plants in which ''BiochemicalCompound''s as well as Oxygen are produced from the energy absorbed from light impinging on the organism in which the reaction occurs. Some form of ''Chlorophyll'' is involved in this type of reaction. In CYC different forms of photosynthesis are represented. This type is for plants, represented as 'Photosynthesis-Plant' inCYC. CYC: 'Photosynthesis-Plant': A collection of events in which plants convert energy captured from sunlight into usable chemical energy for their metabolic needs. Online: " Photosynthetic organisms include plants, algae, euglena and bacteria " Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'photosynthesis' (for plants or algae) in WordNet: 1. photosynthesis - (synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants))
Super-classes	BiochemicalReaction^c PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Plant^c isPerformedBy^op value Alga^c produced^op value Oxygen^c

Phototroph^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phototroph

Description

CYC: A collection of all instances of #$Bacterium that use energy converted from sunlight for the cell's #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent.

        Part of RHW 'phototroph'
           any organism that uses light as its principal source of energy.

Super-classes Bacterium^c

Phrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phrase`
Description	A specific sequential group of Words or other symbols (such as punctuation or logical symbols) in a Language, which function as a unit, i.e. as a unit they express some meaning in the Language. A Phrase should be short, but there are no absolute restrictions on length; a ''Phrase'' can be the complete set of words represented by any ''TextualMaterial'' (Physical text) of any length. A ''Phrase'' can be a single ''Word'' ('Scram!') A Phrase does not have to designate one specific thing, it can be a part of a sentence such as the subject or a predicate or a dependent clause. A Phrase is the abstract symbolic content (not the propositional content) of some act that creates language - a speech act, a writing act, or any other act (such as punching a telegraph key) that creates some physical representation of a group of words that together have meaning in a language. It is an AbstractString consisting of substrings that are words and punctuation. To be a Phrase it must have some meaning beyond the content of a single word; a Phrase can consist of a single word ('Yes.'), but in such cases the meaning must be derived from the context surrounding that word, as well as the word itself. Expletives are borderline, but the context and punctuation of an expletive provides meaning not contained in the lexical unit alone. A Phrase represents the abstract linguistic content of some act of producing language. In representing the content of some speech or writing act, a Phrase may be a literal transcription, or may be a summary, or merely a brief description of the gist of some statement. Allowing paraphrases will allow direct attribution of a Phrase to its original source, even though the exact original words are not known and only a summary of the content is available. The distinctions between these properties of a Phrase are not yet (v0.55) represented in COSMO. @ToDo - this type needs properties (enumerated?) to express those distinctions. A Phrase may be parsed in more than one way, and a Word may be defined as more than one lexical unit, having embedded spaces. Therefore a given string may be represented by more than one Phrase. A Phrase can be a single word (e.g. 'Yes.'). Therefore it cannot be an OrderedGroup, which must have more than one element. It is a subtype of both Group and List (a List can have one element in it). Includes senses 1 and 3 of noun 'phrase' in Wordnet, but is not limited to grammatical constituents or idiomatic phrases. 1. (10) phrase - (an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence) 3. (1) idiom, idiomatic expression, phrasal idiom, set phrase, phrase - (an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up) WN noun 'syntagma': 1. syntagma, syntagm - (a syntactic string of words that forms a part of some larger syntactic unit)
Super-classes	Group^c WordString^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only TextualMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Cliche^c Header^c LogicalSentence^c CommandPhrase^c Caption^c GrammarClause^c Utterance^c GrammaticalConstituent^c PlagiarisedText^c Sentence^c GreetingPhrase^c Expression^c Paragraph^c Quotation^c LinguisticAssertion^c IdiomaticExpression^c Restatement^c AnswerPhrase^c RhetoricalPhrase^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_No_talking http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#All_men_are_created_equal

Phraseology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Phraseology

Description

''Phraseology' is a ''LinguisticManner'' (an ''AttributeType'') that characterizes the specific choice of and order of words in some use of language.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phraseology' in WordNet:
         1. (1) wording, diction, phrasing, phraseology, choice of words, verbiage -
             (the manner in which something is expressed in words;
             'use concise military verbiage ' - G.S.Patton)
       WN noun 'expression':
         5. (4) formulation, expression - (the style of expressing yourself; 
           'he suggested a better formulation'2;
           'his manner of expression showed how much he cared')

Super-classes LinguisticManner^c

Physical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Physical

Description

'Physical' is the attribute of sciences that deal with the laws of Physics, or an attribute of the laws of Physics themselves

   For 'physical' as the opposite of 'Abstract' use ''Concrete-Adj''

   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'physical' in WordNet:
    2. (16) physical - (relating to the sciences dealing with matter and energy;
      especially physics; 'physical sciences'; 'physical laws')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Physical-Material^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Physical-Material

Description

'Physical-Material' is the attribute of objects that have mass, of energy, of space in out universe, of PhysicalSubstances, and of Events and processes that involve objects with mass. This is the attribute of phenomena that can be detected by measuring instruments, and are susceptible to study by experimental techniques because they follow physical laws. This is the sense used for types 'PhysicalObject' , 'PhysicalSubstance', and most other types that include Physical in the name.

     NOTE that 'material possessions' can include Money, which is neither
     a PhysicalObject nor a PhysicalSubstance, so 'Money' does not
     have this attribute, and 'material possessions' would have to be
     a defined term in itself.  @ToDo: add it if needed.

     Because this includes physical Events, it does not correspond exactly
       to sense 2 of adjective 'material' in WordNet.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'physical', and includes but is not
      rstricted to adjective sense 2 of 'material' in WordNet:
      3. (6) physical - (having substance or material existence;
         perceptible to the senses; 'a physical manifestation';
         'surrounded by tangible objects')
      WN adjective 'material':
        2. (4) material - (derived from or composed of matter;
          'the material universe')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PhysicalAppearance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalAppearance`
Description	A ''PhysicalAppearance'' is the overall Appearance of some PhysicalObject. For the appearance of a ''Person'' the subtype ''PersonalAppearance'' is more specific. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'appearance' and part of sense 1 of'look' (for a Person's bodily appearance) in WordNet: 1. (23) appearance, visual aspect - (outward or visible aspect of a person or thing) WN noun 'look': 3. (9) look - (physical appearance; 'I don't like the looks of this place')`
Super-classes	Appearance^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value ObjectOrEvent^c
Sub-classes	Guise^c PersonalAppearance^c

PhysicalArray^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalArray`
Description	An ''PhysicalArray'' is an 'Arrangement' of ''PhysicalObject''s that has some two-dimensional Ordering describable in geometric terms (not necessarily created by an IntelligentAgent). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'array' in WordNet: 1. (4) array - (an orderly arrangement; 'an array of troops in battle order')`
Super-classes	Arrangement^c TwoDimensionalThing^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Arraying^c

PhysicalAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalAttribute`
Description	Subtypes are Attributes of PhysicalObjects or PhysicalSubstances.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physical property' in WordNet: 1. (6) physical property - (a property used to characterize physical objects)`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalCharge^c Flexibility^c Breakability^c AngularMomentum^c ProductionCapacity^c Strength^c Toughness^c Viscosity^c Temperature^c Momentum^c Malleability^c AngleSize^c Color^c Area^c Perceptibility^c Thickness^c Suitableness^c PhysicalSize^c SurfaceAttribute^c Mass^c Pressure^c Size^c Distance^c Depth^c Speed^c Convenience^c Functionattribute^c Hardness^c

PhysicalAxis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalAxis`
Description	A ''PhysicalAxis'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is located along the ''AxisOfRotation'' of some ''SpinningObject''. This does not have to be a discrete object (such as an axle of a car), but can be only that part of the SpinningObject that is close to the ''AxisOfRotation'', so that it is a ''LongAndThinThing''..
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value AxisOfRotation^c
Sub-classes	Pivot^c

PhysicalCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalCharacter`
Description	`A ''physical character' is a Physical ''TextMarking'' on some surface (including the light-emitting elements of a computer screen text image). WordNet does not distinguish between physical and abstract characters. Both use the same labels, and the meanings have to be interpreted from the context. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'character' in WordNet: 8. character, grapheme, graphic symbol - (a written symbol that is used to represent speech; 'the Greek alphabet has 24 characters')`
Super-classes	TextMarking^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some AbstractCharacter^c
Sub-classes	UpperCaseLetter^c LowerCaseLetter^c

PhysicalComfort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalComfort`
Description	The absence of pains or aches or hunger or other disagreeable sensations intense enough to cause distraction from ordinary activities in life. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (5) comfort, comfortableness - (a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain; 'he is a man who enjoys his comfort'; 'she longed for the comfortableness of her armchair')`
Super-classes	Comfort^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value PainOrAche^c

PhysicalContactLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalContactLocation`
Description	A specialization of #$Place and #$ContactLocation. Each instance of #$PhysicalContactLocation is the principal place where an #$Agent can be physically found. A person's physical contact location would typically be a home or office. For an organization, it typically would be the location of its place of business or its headquarters. Note that a purely procedural method for getting in touch with someone, such as their Post Office Box number in a certain city, is not a #$PhysicalContactLocation.
Super-classes	ContactLocation^c Place^c
Sub-classes	Workplace^c Embassy^c

PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalContactMakingEvent`
Description	CYC: A collection of physical contact events in which two or more objects come into physical contact with one another (see #$touches). At the start of a #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent the objects in question (see #$objectsInContact) are spatially separated; they make contact sometime during the event, and might or might not be touching at the end of the event. Specializations of #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent include #$HittingAnObject and #$Landing. NOTE: The WN does not seem to have a sense of 'contact' meaning 'make contact' - sense 2 is mostly 'be in contact', but it will be included here. More disambiguation needed. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'contact' in Wordnet: 2. touch, adjoin, meet, contact - (be in direct physical contact with; make contact; 'The two buildings touch'; 'Their hands touched'; 'The wire must not contact the metal cover'; 'The surfaces contact at this point') WN verb 'touch': 1. (33) touch - (make physical contact with, come in contact with; 'Touch the stone for good luck'; 'She never touched her husband')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PhysicalContactSituation^c hasParticipant^op some ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	PenetratingSomething^c LeaningOnSomething^c PullingOnAnObject^c Grabbing^c StretchingAction^c FeelingWithTheHand^c InfectingEvent^c Colliding^c StrikingAnObjectEvent^c Motion-SolidAgainstSolid^c BreachingaBarrier^c CrushingAnObject^c StingingAction^c Touching^c

PhysicalContactSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalContactSituation`
Description	CYC: The collection of all temporal situations in which two or more tangible objects are touching (see #$touches) for at least part of the situation's duration. This includes an object's rubbing against another, objects colliding, as well as static touching configurations. Note that, although most types of #$PhysicalEvents involve some kind of touching, only those types for which contact is salient should be subcollections of #$PhysicalContactSituation.
Super-classes	PhysicalSituation^c
Sub-classes	ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation^c StandingUprightEvent^c TouchingState^c StandingOnTipToes^c ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent^c

PhysicalContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalContext`
Description	The PhysicalContext in a Situational is the set of physical objects and attributes that exist at a particular time an in a particular place that affect the way an Agent will make a decision, and may affect the outcome of that decision. A simple PhysicalContext is, for example, who is present and interacting with the Agent. What is the location, time, temperature? Is the agent indoors or outdoors? On land or sea, or underwater? Is anything happening that can physically affect the Agent?
Super-classes	SituationalContextComponent^c

PhysicalCreationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalCreationEvent`
Description	COSMO note: this type is the root type for Events in which a characteristic part of the Event is creation of some PhysicalObject (or PhysicalSubstance). `Cyc: The collection of all #$CreationEvents in which something #$PartiallyTangible is created.`
Super-classes	PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent^c Creation^c
Sub-classes	FilmingaMovie^c MakingaPhysicalSubstance^c BiologicalProductionEvent^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c MixingSubstances^c PhysicalSynthesis^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c DiggingInTheGround^c CreatingaRepresentation^c Cloning^c IBOCreation^c

PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent. During each instance of #$PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent, one or more physical objects (instances of #$PartiallyTangible) come into or go out of existence. If the object created or destroyed in an event is not physical (e.g., if it is an agreement or a conceptual work), then the event should be an instance of the more general collection #$CreationOrDestructionEvent.
Super-classes	CreationOrDestructionEvent^c Event^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalCreationEvent^c PhysicalDestructionEvent^c

PhysicalDesign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalDesign`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'design' in Wordnet: 4. (2) design, pattern, figure - (a decorative or artistic work; 'the coach had a design on the doors')`
Super-classes	SurfacePattern^c Drawing-Depiction^c
Sub-classes	GeometricalPattern^c Tattoo^c

PhysicalDestructionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalDestructionEvent`
Description	COSMO note: the 'destruction' of something is not necessarily bad,in fact many processes that are beneficial involve transformations, which include both creation and destruction. So this is not a subtype of 'DamagingEvent', it merely represents Events in which some agent causes something to not exist after the Event. BUT NOTE: this term may be misleading - perhaps this should be labeled differently. This differs somewhat from the CYC term: CYC: The collection of all #$DestructionEvents in which something #$PartiallyTangible is destroyed via physical means. Examples include natural disasters (cf. #$DisasterEvent), #$KillingByOrganisms, and disassemblings (cf. #$TakingApartAnArtifact). For cases where at least some portion of the thing destroyed becomes incorporated into a new created thing, see the more specialized #$PhysicalTransformationEvent. See also the reifiable functions #$PhysicalDestructionFn and #$PhysicalDestructionByMeansOfFn. Includes part of sense 1 of 'destroy' in WordNet: WN 'destroy': 1. (48) destroy, destruct - (do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of; 'The fire destroyed the house')
Super-classes	PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent^c DestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Aggression^c DestructiveEarthquake^c ObjectDestructionEvent^c NaturalDisaster^c PulverizationEvent^c ObliteratingAnObject^c DemolishingAnArtifact^c Deforestation^c BiologicalDestructionEvent^c Disaster^c Battle^c ShreddingEvent^c MilitaryEngagement^c Wrecking^c ConsumingSomething^c

PhysicalEventRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalEventRecord`
Description	A '''PhysicalEventRecord'' is any written ''WrittenRecord'' that contains a description of some Event written by a participant or observer as a means of recording the event so as to be able to remember it accurately. The writing can be handwriting or typing or computer keyboard entry. this document is abstractly represented by a ''NarrativeRecord''. `This can be a note written 'for the file' to preserve information of an Event while it is still fresh in the memory of a participant, for possible later reference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'written record' in WordNet: 1. written record, written account - (a written document preserving knowledge of facts or events)`
Super-classes	WrittenRecord^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some NarrativeRecord^c
Sub-classes	Chronology^c MinutesOfaMeeting^c

PhysicalEvidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalEvidence`
Description	PhysicalEvidence is a PhysicalTrace (a PhysicalObject) that is persistent over time, and thus allows more than one Agent to examine it. In this interpretation, the act of testimony at a trial is not itself 'Evidence' but the recordings of that testimony, either in an official transcript, or in the minds of the listeners, would be 'PhysicalEvidence'.
Super-classes	PhysicalTrace^c Evidence^c
Sub-classes	Recording^c Clue^c RecordedTestimony^c DocumentaryEvidence^c ReceiptVoucher^c Waiver^c Coupon^c CommercialInstrument^c

PhysicalExchange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalExchange`
Description	A 'PhysicalExchange'' is a ''WorkingLocation'' where items of value such as stocks, bonds, or commodities are traded. This is a physical place. For the more abstract 'exchange' that is an electronically connected Group of sites for trading, the type ''VirtualExchange'' can be used.
Super-classes	WorkingLocation^c SecuritiesExchange^c
Sub-classes	StockExchange^c

PhysicalExtent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalExtent

Description

Each ''PhysicalExtent'' is an ''Extent'' that is either a distance to which something extends or an area over which something extends, such as a flood or wildfire.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'extent' in WordNet:
         2. (15) extent - (the distance or area or volume over which something extends;
         'the vast extent of the desert'; 'an orchard of considerable extent')

Super-classes Extent^c

PhysicalFeature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalFeature`
Description	A PhysicalFeature is either a part of a PhysicalObject, or some hole, cavity, or path through an object that has some spatial shape and can reasonably be referred to as something having some kind of identity. It is parasitic on the PhysicalObject that gives it its identity, and therefore has the character of a Role. It is possible in some cases, like a handle, to be an Object that has had a separate identity at manufacture time, but is always viewed in its role as being or intended to be part of another object. Holes in Objects or bumps on objects are common Features that are not simply identifiable as traditional parts of objects. `Features also include parts that are colored differently from other parts of an object: a tatoo on a person's skin is a PhysicalFeature. Also included are parts that are attached or embedded, such as the hair on an animal, or the absence of hair in certain parts (e.g. a bald patch at the crown of the head). This category is heterogeneous, its subtypes being either regions or PhysicalObjects, or the absence of parts of PhysicalObjects where they might ordinarily be.`
Super-classes	ObjectFeature^c Role^c
Sub-classes	Mark^c EdgeOnObject^c Portal^c TraceMark^c Convexity^c Opening^c Corrugation^c Protrusion^c Concavity^c Constriction^c PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c Crease^c Cavity^c LineOfPerforations^c OuterPhysicalSurface^c Hole^c Distortion^c

PhysicalFeatureType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalFeatureType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of Feature as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	BuildingWindow PhysicalFeature Doorway LongInsectLegs WindowPortal Portal

PhysicalFilter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalFilter`
Description	COSMO note: Filters are not necessarily Networks, since matted fibers are not physically connected to each other by links, but are retained in shape by topological constraints. But a 'Net' is a Network as well as a PhysicalFilter. Being a 'PhysicalFilter' means that it is a form of barrier that is only non-permeable to solid objects greater than a certain (variable) size. Cyc: #$PhysicalFilter is a specialization of #$NonPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$PhysicalFilter is a simple physical filter device, which allows some materials/objects to pass through, while preventing others from doing so. Some notable specializations are #$CoffeeFilter and #$WindowScreen. Natural filters do not fall within this collection. COSMO note: this generic concept of 'Filter' includes things not always called filters, such as screens used for filtering solid mixtures. For the more common liquid and gas filters, use 'Filter'.
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	WindowScreen^c SurgicalMask^c KitchenStrainer^c Screen^c Filter^c Strainer^c

PhysicalFitness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalFitness`
Description	''PhysicalFitness'' is the condition of being physically Healthy - a state of health, which is both the absence of any significant abnormal bodily (excluding mental) function, and good muscular strength and stamina. `NOTE: that this is a PersistentState, which is a type of Event that has a beginning and ending time. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fitness.' in WordNet: 2. (1) fitness, physical fitness, good shape, good condition - (good physical condition; being in shape or in condition) WN 'condition': 5. (19) condition, shape - (the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases 'in condition' or 'in shape' or 'out of condition' or 'out of shape'))`
Super-classes	Health^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Weakness^c

PhysicalForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalForce`
Description	A ''PhysicalForce'' is any 'pulling' or 'pushing' that is observed, by measuring acceleration of motion, or by observing a static event in which one force balances another to prevent motion. `Physical forces can be attractive or repulsive, and may be caused by any of several fundamental properties of matter as investigated in Physics. (gravity, electromagnetic, weak, strong) Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet: 3. (133) force - ((physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; 'force equals mass times acceleration')`
Super-classes	Phenomenon^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Acceleration^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c produces^op value Force^c mayCause^op value Motion^c
Sub-classes	PushingPhenomenon^c RepulsiveForce^c MechanicalResistance^c AttractiveForce^c

PhysicalGeographicMap^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalGeographicMap

Description

A PhysicalMap that represents a GeographicMap.

     WordNet noun sense 1 of 'map' seems to include both abstract
      and physical senses:
   in WordNet:
       1. (7) map - (a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it))

Super-classes PhysicalMap^c

PhysicalImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalImage`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents a physical still image, in any physical format, including markings on a surface (see 'StillImage'), a representation in the brain ('MentalImage') or on some electronic medium such as computer memory or CD, or the light waves within an optical device. `There is no WordNet representation for this concept.`
Super-classes	VisualInformationBearingThing^c InformationBearingObject^c GenericImage^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value AbstractImage^c
Sub-classes	Collage^c ImageCopy^c JigsawPuzzle^c BrainImage^c StillImage^c Picture^c

PhysicalLabel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalLabel`
Description	A PhysicalLabel is a physical artifact that is a SymbolicObject, and is created with the intention of designating the identity or some quality of a PhysicalObject to which it is affixed. The PhysicalLabel may be stamped onto the labeled object (such as the serial number of a pistol, or the VIN on some part of an automobile), or may be a metal tag or paper tag attached by glue or cement to the object, or may be a separate tag that is affixed to the labeled object with a string or wire. This Type corresponds with the physical label sense of the English word 'label', and is distinct from the abstract sense used when one says, for example, that a word 'labels' a concept. This is a ''PhysicalObject'' that carries identifying information about some ''PhysicalObject'', whether identifying its type or (as with a serial number) identifying the individual Object. The ''Label'' can be a separate PhysicalObject that is affixed in some way to the Object being labelled (such as pasting on, or by tying it to the Object) or can be written on the object or stamped into it, creating an incised text or symbol (such as 'i4K' or a manufacturer's name stamped into jewelry). In the case of a stamped ''Label'' is the part of the object that contains the incision. CYC ('Label-IBO'): The collection of all labels, namely those #$InformationBearingObjects that serve to identify the object to which they are attached. This is the most general form of such things and includes a wide range of examples. Easily identified subsets include #$ProductLabels and #$AddressLabels. Other, not so obvious examples include a radio isotope that serves to identify a particular gene. Thus an intangible projection of light onto a wall cannot serve as a label although it may contain information about something (see #$containsInformationAbout). A borderline positive example is a magnetic strip containing information about the object to which it is attached. A PhysicalLabel does not have to be an identifier of an individual object, such as a serial number tag; it can also be a tag providing information about the nature of the object (or its contents, if it is affixed to a container). A label saying 'FLAMMABLE' or "BIOHAZARD', or a graphical symbol having either of those meanings would be a PhysicalLabel in this sense. In contrast, the abstract symbol for 'BIOHAZARD" (a stylized representation of a four-unit cluster of a coccoid bacterium) would be an abstract label, and a physical tag with a representation of that symbol would be a corresponding PhysicalLabel. This corresponds to sense 4 of 'label' in WordNet. 4. (1) label - (an identifying or descriptive marker that is attached to an object)
Super-classes	HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c PortableObject^c GenericLabel^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Identifier^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Labelling^c
Sub-classes	Nameplate^c Tag^c

PhysicalMap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalMap`
Description	A physical object that has a Map represented on it. It will often be a sheet of paper, but could be any image-bearing object. `WordNet noun sense 1 of 'map' seems to include both abstract and physical senses: in WordNet: 1. (7) map - (a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it))`
Super-classes	StillImage^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalGeographicMap^c

PhysicalMargin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalMargin`
Description	A 'PhysicalMargin' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that forms a border on some side(s) of a larger PhysicalObject.It may be part of the larger object, or adjacent to it. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'margin' in WordNet: 7. edge, margin - (a strip near the boundary of an object; 'he jotted a note on the margin of the page')`
Super-classes	Strip^c
Restrictions	isAlongside^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	RoadShoulder^c

PhysicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject is an Object that has mass. The mass is relativistic, i.e. the Object does not have to have rest mass; so, a photon and other fundamental particles are 'PhysicalObject's, just as are the ordinary objects like rocks, baseballs, and automobiles. In COSMO some quantity of substance (e.g. the water in a glass of water) is also a PhysicalObject (more specifically, an instance of the subtype 'LiquidObject'). Quantities of gas are also PhysicalObjects (more specifically, 'GaseousObject's such as the 'EarthsAtmosphere'). NOTE that a PhysicalSubstance such as Air or Water is not a PhysicalObject, but is the material of which PhysicalObjects consist. See 'PhysicalSubstance' for more detail on the relation of substances and objects in COSMO. Because the determining characteristic of a PhysicalObject is that it has some mass, COSMO has a restriction that instances of PhysicalObject should specify the mass, using the relation 'hasMassInGrams', but this is not required. Specifying a Mass can be a nuisance when dealing with Objects whose mass is not even approximately known (as buildings). The convention is adopted that a mass of '-1' will be interpreted as an unknown mass. If a mass is known approximately it can be specified, and zeros in the last digits will be interpreted as the range of uncertaintly. The mass figures can be very approximate - at the OWL phase, the value of the relation 'hasMassInGrams' should be interpreted as only an approximation within an order of magnitude. When more precise mass figures are needed, the relation 'hasMass' can be used (with an instance of MassMeasure as the value), and this relation allows specifying a range of values, or a statistical variance for the numberical portion of the mass value. Using 'hasMass' does not (in the OWL version) eliminate the need to specify some mass by the 'hasMassInGrams' relation, but it should allow the specification of units of measure other than grams and number ranges for the quantifier. NOTE on '3D' vs '4D' objects: Some ontologists prefer to represent PhysicalObjects as extended in time, thereby forming a '4-dimensional' object ('perdurantism'). Others prefer only 3D objects ('endurantism'), with the time explicitly specified when relations hold on an object. In COSMO this category of 'PhysicalObject' is indeterminate as between a Perdurant and an Endurant - that is, the instances are not necessarily zero-duration time slices, nor are they necessarily time slices of finite duration. An instance of 'PhysicalObject' can be used in relations where the valid time interval for the relation is explicit, in which case it behaves syntactically like a 3D object; or an instance can also be specified to be an instance of 'TimeSlice', in which case that instance is a 4-dimensional TimeSlice of a PhysicalObject (see ''BabyBeethoven''), and any relations defined on that 4D instance hold only during the TimeInterval of the TimeSlice. See 'TimeSlice' for more detail on that type and its use. As a result, Roles such as 'Student', which are TemporalThings with a beginning and end time, can be classified as subtypes of this category. BFO: 'material_entity' = 'MaterialEntity': Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. BFO: Examples: collection of random bacteria, a chair, dorsal surface of the body Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matter' and a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'object' in WordNet; this COSMO type includes Objects that are not visible, as long at they have mass in Wordnet: 1. (64) object, physical object - (a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; 'it was full of rackets, balls and other objects') WN 'matter' 1. (41) substance, matter - (that which has mass and occupies space; 'an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter')
Super-classes	PhysicalThing^c RegionOrObject^c SpatialThing-Localized^c Object3D^c TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c Object^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp only xsd:float^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Concrete-Adj^c
Sub-classes	Corrugation^c WaterObject^c ConcealedObject^c UnspecifiedObject^c Defect^c HollowBall^c AttractiveObject^c Dipole^c Sensor^c MovingObject^c Garbage-Generic^c ClinicalSpecimen^c TacticalTerrainObject^c ContainerAndContents^c OriginalItem^c ThinkingUnit^c OutdoorObject^c ArtifactObject^c Target^c GranularObject^c InstrumentRole^c PropellingDevice^c WineObject^c ConnectedObject1^c Laundry^c PieceOfDough^c BilaterallySymmetricObject^c EarthSurfaceObject^c OpaqueObject^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c TransferredProperty^c Catch^c PersonalPossession^c MakeupObject^c GeographicalArea^c Protrusion^c GeographicalObject^c Bulls-Eye^c RadioactiveObject^c WaterBodyBed^c QuantityOfEnergy^c Wreckage^c SolidObject^c InstanceObject^c FasteningObject^c ElectricallyChargedObject^c ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c PhysicalAxis^c ObjectGroup^c Billow^c Tourist^c AnalyticalSample^c AirObject^c PieceOfGold^c Present^c Yolk^c StillImageSource^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c DangerousTangibleThing^c FluidObject^c BallastObject^c ReflectiveObject^c DamagedObject^c DynamicObject^c RedObject^c EmittableObject^c NonFunctionalObject^c WholeObject^c Attraction^c ComplexPhysicalObject^c ColoredThing^c MovingThing^c OdoriferousObject^c GravitationallyBoundObject^c CavityWithWalls^c Jetsam^c AnalyticalSection^c ConvexTangibleObject^c SignObject^c Path-Physical^c HotObject^c MidPoint^c Custom-MadeObject^c ControlStructure-Physical^c ChosenObject^c Surface-Physical^c ContactLocation^c Base^c Specimen^c BarrierObject^c Convexity^c ConductiveObject^c AgentiveObject^c Carrier^c PhysiologicalSystem^c Flotsam^c SemirigidObject^c CloudlikeObject^c MicroscopicScaleObject^c TouristAttraction^c NaturalObject^c InstanceCopy^c EggWhite^c InsulatingObject^c Belongings^c WetObject^c Hoodoo^c LightEmittingObject^c ArrangementOfLikeObjects^c LongishObject^c ImmuneSystem^c LiquidBarrier^c HotAirObject^c SymbolicObject^c Burden^c Glitch^c FuelObject^c FoundObject^c ContainerShapedObject^c AboveGroundLevel^c ConnectedObject2^c FunctionalObject^c SpinningObject^c
In domain of	hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters^dp hasPerimeterLength^op canEmitSound^op hasPhysiologicalFeature^op occupiesTheRegion^op hasMaximumMassInGrams^dp hasTemperature^op hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp hasMinimumWidth^op hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp isAbove-Touching^op hasLocation^op hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp isHeavierThan^op hasMinimumLengthInMeters^dp hasLengthInFeet^dp hasMass^op crossesAbove^op hasMassInKilograms^dp hasTemperatureInDegC^dp above-Indirectly^op hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters^dp hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp liesAcross^op hasTypicalCircumferenceInCentimeters^dp hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp wasaPhysicalPartOf^op hasLength^op hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet^dp
In range of	isHeavierThan^op isOnTheSurfaceOf^op isCarriedOn^op crossesAbove^op isAimedAt^op liesAcross^op above-Indirectly^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatAndHisJacket http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericPhysicalObject

PhysicalObjectAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalObjectAttributeValue`
Description	An umbrella category to collect AttributeValues that pertain to PhysicalObjects.
Super-classes	ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Taut^c

PhysicalObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalObjectType`
Description	PhysicalObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical objects and an argument restriction for various relations on Physical Object types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c LocationType^c
Sub-classes	ArtifactObjectType^c FluidObjectType^c PersonType^c OpenSidedSupportingObjectType^c CollectionType^c Breed^c SheetType^c SolidObjectType^c CoveringType^c BiteOrNipType^c BiologicalOrganType^c CoverableObjectType^c ChemicalObjectType^c WaveType^c LifeFormType^c OrganismPartType^c
In range of	consistsOfManyOf^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart^op containsManyOfObjectType^op hasCharacteristicObject^op typicallyOccursInside^op
Members	ReflectiveObject FaceVeil Fresco Park SodiumAtom BoardOrBlock FireHose Species Tart Transponder CuminSeed CorkScrew ArtStudio NailBrush CartilaginousStructure PlantOrgan BiochemicalWeapon LumpHammer Noose DynamicObject SteamLocomotive Sea Bucket Pile SweetPotato WaterWaves Cove BandShapedObject Backgammon-Board TelephonePathSystem StoveBurner DieselEngine CellularTelephone WindowScreen RestaurantBooth Ground DrugStore Causeway DeadPerson DominoMask FoldingUmbrella SugarCane PackOfThings ElectricLightFixture Snot ComputerMemory StraightPin TeaSpoon-MeasuringTool GasMask Potato ContractDocument VacuumCleaner CommemorativeObject BeginningOfCordlikeObject Embankment ClothingLining Molding Jewel FishHook ConstructionObject PaperTowel NaturalObject Basin Supper MakeupObject FingerSizedObject Freckles Firebox Ulcer-Object ScrewTopCap GranularObject Peppercorn TelephoneWire SliceOfPie DNAMolecule Landslide-Topographical Exposition FinancialDocument Harness Nut-TheDevice Zombie Stub Consolidation Comb DrumInstrument CrowdOfPeople AbsorbentObject Palette ElectronicPlug Latch InsulatingObject PrintedMaterial Yarmulke PercussionInstrument Cylinder Stake PieceOfPlasticFilm WinterCoat HoldingDevice PotatoChip Hideout Apron BaseballBase Fireside SawHorse PlantOvary River ChemicalSequence CoupPlotters WomensClothingAccessory Waterfront EggWhite Suitcase Protectorate Attendees CombustibleObject CroquetBall MopHandle Mandate Grain Harness-Animal IceSkate Icicle Scalpel PalletLoad Parka Stash Garter OilField SchoolBus Sun SportsFacility Children Archive PenalInstitution BodyCovering Valley GovernmentalCommune WaterSurface PromoterSequence ShootingTarget Lump ShoeBack GraveMarker Sip PublicInstitution FurniturePart Assembly GovernmentalBuilding SpiceObject DisplayPanel Confection Womankind WaterStorageObject Tire Tack MultipleCurves SurgicalMask InflatableContainer Turban Kite BoardGame-EquipmentSet CityCenter LockingMechanism Flashlight Atoll Contents Bowsprit ShowerCurtainRing SandTrap FrontPart Quasar InstrumentPanel Wire CoinSlot SoccerField MentalHospital SpareRibs CountryArea DiplomaticBuilding CellMembraneAndGenome ArtificialEyeLens PieceOfString Highland PlantCovering CartoonStrip Constituency PointyEndedObject NonFunctionalObject Blister RadiationContainmentSystem Antler Seaport PhysicalWeb Microorganism LocalRoad Drain Mosaic Cape-Clothing Tent VoltageSource RestaurantTab Notch FurPiece Sapphire VacantLot Galosh BuddhistTemple SnareDrum Orphanage ComputerPrinter Farm Clockwork MammaryGland FruitRind BowlingPin MarathonCourse SocialSphere Brewery Farmland Implant BookStore Doublet Briefcase ChemicalObject ChipMark ErlenmeyerFlask PitchersMound LightEmittingObject ShreddedWheatBiscuit Yarn PlasticBag Neckerchief ArrangementOfLikeObjects Coating TheaterGallery LiftingDevice ShippingCanal Ravel VaultedRoof ParishChurch PortableObject Bust Trustee Tattoo Scuttle LacrosseRacquet ToothBrush Winery BrainPart StepFamily RailroadStation Bikini Suburb Frame Pensioner NuclearBody Whip Apartment Disk DriedFruitObject Cymbals BubbleInAir Sail SlipUndergarment Tombstone FlatEnds Mask Bladder-Urinary CalculusStone Same-SexCouple CrystallineObject ConveyorBelt Fender Cache LowerMiddleClass TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject Flip-Flop WrenchedBodyPart BeerCan Mounting Collar SecurityDevice ElasticObject Fiber TownSquare WindPoweredDevice WashBasin Campsite ShipCanal GolfIron BottleOfChampagne ProfessionalGoup FloralWreath Nectary FerrisWheel TransientPerson Graffiti Ballroom DustDevil Gurney Clickbait MedicalDevice Stick BlackHair RearPartOfAnObject PrideOfLions Scythe Cirque ResidentialLot Rigging Bladder CellNucleus ShipsStern Wick PieceOfTrash CarvedObject UnuseableClothingItem PantsSuit UpperCrust SupportingSurface CandyObject SolidObject PorousObject SilverPlatedTableware HomogeneousSolidObject SensoryEnhancementDevice Crumb AtSea Mountain ControlBar Pillow EntertainmentSpot BloodClot JewelSetting Classmates Hand-RenderedImage Bow-Weapon Den One-Armedbandit SugarCube Bridge LethalWeapon Overalls Casserole GraftedTissue Bait Monocle MultiRoomUnit BiologicalLivingObject Pylon Parish SocialMovement LiquidBarrier GeographicalDepresson Filter SpaceInAFixedHOC Broom GroceryStore Vegetation Trappings Field Subway RealEstate Ampersand ServiceEstablishment EightChocolateBars Inn Halyard ChessPiece CylindricalObject SaltLake Indentation PictureHook Nomad OffstageArea OfficeSpace Attic SetOfObjects WoodedArea SubwayStation BulbousObject Shipment Queen-ChessPiece FlipperShoe FixedStructure Escarpment TraditionalClothing WebBasedServer LandTopographicalFeature-Generic Chamber Iceberg Pack Cracker EndocrineGland Workstation House Leadership Scrapbook SoccerGoalNet BasketballNet WorkSurface PieceOfLuggage NonPoweredDevice HandPuppet Candle Cupcake PlantStraw Antenna EndOfAnObject BilaterallySymmetricObject Decoration Driveway CarHood LimpObject GlassLens Collection Nest Spleen Escalator InterstateHighway PrisonCell Clothing-Bottom Gang FluorescentLightBulb Curio BodyCapsule BulletAssembly Warehouse LayeredObject Lawn StarSystem MountableTransporter ArmoredVest PicnicMeal Backboard-Basketball WovenObject Surveyor LoopedPathway StableGear Pantry TransportablePlatform Sidewalk Glove LaundryBasket PieceOfThread ElectricalHeater SoapBubble Downtown Marker LineOfPeople PaperbackBook Eyebrow Porch MountainRange XRayImage Attire CubeShapedObject Strait-Waterway Scooter PieceOfChocolate iPad Flag CoffeeBean BirthCertificate SolidFoodObject Gearshift GrassRoots Piston Readership HeavyObject Columns PieceOfGravel GourdBottle WomensHosiery RecreationalArea LongInsectLegs HumanFetus Tourniquet Spaceship HosieryItem SpaceHeater FoundObject BarOfSoap Axon Scarf AthleticFieldPart FrontLine ContainerShapedObject ComputationalDevice MovingFluidObject HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject TakeOutFoodObject HairBand Darkroom Lobe Carpel Fireplace Fairway Thicket EnvelopingCovering GaseousObject PickAxe ParkingMeter TriggeringMechanism HighestPoint Bookcase Muscle PlantCane Rim ClamShell KitAndContents AnimalBLO ApartmentBuilding Cocoon Emerald Scoop Rag TollBooth Sailboat Dime CherryPie SleepingBag Reprint ConnectedObject2 Refreshment SeedShell Calligram Terrace BallisticMissile Intranet GroundBeefPatty SeatCushion DisabilityAidEquipment Promontory Yacht Blouse Shop FunctionalObject Bedroom Forefront VideoTape Chip-Snack Fulcrum SummerHouse ComputerMemoryDevice ProtectiveObject Penny Windshield Belt-Clothing RoomPartition TankTop PieceOfAnObject PuttingGreen HotObject LongSkirtBottom SwimmingPool OutdoorRecreationArea SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural Eyeball Shore Detour FrontRightWheel Harp Comforter Dome BirdsEgg Covering-Object Academia LowerCrust Chasm TissueMembrane PollenGrain StabWound Caftan-Western Ladle Bouquet WomensBag Greenhouse ToolKit MetalIon Ceiling HeliumAtom JetOfGas Alley PaintBrush FiatObjectPart Coins Chalk-WritingImplement Corrugation Studio RestaurantSpace Nunnery DressingCase Cannon SomethingToWearPart HolderGripper PresentationPoster ClothesPin ElevatedRailway PartitionStructure BloodCell ProjectileCasing Slipper Cushion OralDrugObject RollerSkate MoistObject FloridaKey TennisCourtBaseline Aqueduct MensClothing TrapDevice CylindricalHollowObject ChosenObject Cartoon Gamete PumpkinPie LavaTube PersonalDigitalAssistant ShoeHighHeel MobileHome Society BilliardBall NaturalPartition HearingAid Continents Crowbar AirObject Table-Furniture Uniform Sill Inlet Wheelbarrow Defect Ravine PercussionMallet OpticalCable WeaponOfMassDestruction HydrogenAtom NearlyFlatHolder Tarsus Tumor Hoe BodySwelling EngineeringComponent SquareSheet Stain Tube Drainage Prickle FissionWeapon GrainOfSugar CardboardBox ConcealedObject Smorgasbord TelephonePole Villa Caldera Stand-Table FlameObject Eggplant Underpants Hide-BodyPart ExaminingRoom Reservoir ShotgunShell Anion Crossbow Bite Salon PavedSurface Arrow PaintCoating Strainer LibraryRoom HollowBall PenNib SharpObject ScreenDoor Cafeteria Establishment BackOfaPerson RainStormAsObject PanelistGroup Dagger AttractiveObject HatBand RearOfAnAnimal HumanSizedObject GarbageTruck Pipe-GenericConduit AnsweringMachine SpadeBlade DrilledWell Ravelings Dryer ManufacturingFacility DomedCeiling Floor Hose ShipsBow Wagon FlightOfStairs LongHandle Wanderer SurfaceOfaHardObject NailShaft Dipole TVAudience Spade iPhone Dormitory TreasureRoom Sandal JazzBand CenterOfaGeographicalArea HydrogenBomb CurrentTransmittingDevice PavedWalkway Monastery GalleyOar Residence Walker Coin Shorts Eraser EnemyGroup Connector Injury-Object HotelBuilding PhysicalMap ParingKnife Gorge LeftWing ResidentialLandscaping DisplayDevice TaxReturn Stripes Cloak ConductorDevice WrittenWord LongBow ResidentsAtTime VictorianStructure Raveling SmokeObject HerdAnimal SatelliteReceiver Pencil OrnamentalVase Tunnel JackKnife Flagpole Corn-SingleGrain NanoTube ComputerDisplayImage MovingObject Star Prairie WindowPortal PelletSizedObject SoccerBall DrinkingFountain TopSurface CurrencyObject DepressionOnObject Lantern AsparagusSpear Hunk WindowCurtain OfficeSpace-Personal WhiteBloodCell InternalAnatomicalPart SoftGround ConstructionCrane Chromosome Van ArticleCopy FineArtObject Detonator LightEmittingDiode Note DangerousTangibleThing Beet Diaper Marina ClinicalSpecimen Handgun OpticalPrism Cleft MechanicalDrawing PlantReproductiveStructure Carpet ComputerPeripheralDevice Bundle Turnout Turret Cage ReligiousStructure Equipment RacingShell OfficeBuilding BraidedObject Marsh PhysicalDesign CityQuarter CarbonAtom Battlefield HillOrMountain Pajamas ElectricalHouseholdAppliance ShoulderStrap AnimalCell Petroglyph StringOrLine SingleCrystal HumanCorpse NavigableRiver GroupOfFourOrMorePeople Caboose NewResidence FluidObject Train-TransportationDevice Lice HighAngleGun Egg Sliver PowerShaft Lot NailHead Berth AtomicNucleus Morgue MusicalString Snowball Beret BarrierObject HomeWorkshop Iron-Appliance GolfClub Stinger SocialDomain Button Can MinkCoat Home Bathroom ElectronicCircuit FlourMill LongLegs SchoolBuilding Bar-Object Token Room PassengerVan Painting Planting King-ChessPiece Sketch Motel Banner SatelliteTransmitter MainMast Dart OriginalItem StructuralOrnamentation StormAsObject Frill Beneficiary TextualMaterial Islet Kitsch Pinch Drifter StreamBranch PublicSector SteeringDevice TeeingGround Corps OpalGem Boomerang Knickers ContrastingPatchOfSurface PieceOfRubble HouseholdAttachment Coconut HeatingElement Schooner Electron MicroscopicScaleObject UrinaryBladder SportsFieldLine Farmyard PlasticWrappedPackOfEightChocolateBars SemipermeableMembrane PhosphorusAtom FaxCopy GlassStem Tongue ShowerCurtain DriftWood NetTrap TrunkOfCar VehicleController Cashew-TheSeed ContainedObjects TransportationContainerProduct Wave-Liquid Lighthouse HospiceFacility ProtectiveClothing TennisCourt RailroadCar DefensiveWall Cafe DistantLocation Discotheque Tubing OutdoorObject RunningBoard ApplePie MilitaryPosition PipingSystem-Generic SteppingStone Heap Merchandise Monument OfficialResidence SiliconAtom Memorandum Bunch Brick Playground Headscarf Nip TrashBucket HensEgg Aril RadiologicalWeapon DoorOrWindow FootwearItem Traveler Pump-Generic Litter Screen ArtificialBodyPart LibraryBuilding Radiator DirtyObject EyeglassLens Mutation ContentBearingObject GroupOfFeathers Shuttlecock MassAudience Goggles Shawl Hill Cleft-Coastal Barb Afghan HardBoiledEgg ArmRest Balloon BaseballDiamond Ion VolleyballNet SurfacePortion MusicGroup CueBall Abyss TopSail GenerationOfContemporaries HeatingDevice RugbyBall TurbineVane VideoRecording EggShell RuralArea Cavern Autograph SurroundingWall BirdHouse Pagoda CoinCollection Pendulum IndirectFireWeapon CriminalGang InstrumentRole DrinkBar Grandstand Minicomputer TeaBag Signature TreatObject HairBraid LibraryCollection CatchersMitt HumanResidenceArea ThyroidGland Airfield Cam ComputerInterfaceDevice Overlook BrainImage ChokerCollar DocumentCopy TelevisionSet Rafter Civilization Crayon Curb StreamBed Rubbers Pavilion NuclearWeapon Jury Boulder RoofTop WreckedObject Meal Boiler Hand-Me-Down GroundOrFloor OilWell Mansion LiquidObject Fiduciary Ashore LandTopographicalFeature StorageConstruct MarriedCouple ProjectedImage Stream Outpost Lamp FlatToppedObject GenericForm Fortress BottomSide GlassObject Manifold LandMass Needle BodyPart Diploma FilamentlikeObject AnimalBody Mark BeeSting Sheepskin PropellingDevice Veranda DebitEntry LasagnaServing PivotDevice OceanSurface MiniatureToy OuterGarment OrientedPart RotaryWingAircraft Flare GrainOfSand Pickle ReservedSeat GroupOfWomen Nursery Beach WomensClothing Garment Knicknacks GamblingHouse RetainingWall Doily ColoredGlassObject Runway Axle ComputerDiskDevice DrinkingStraw AerodynamicVane Sideboard ArtifactBase EmbryoOrFetus Rhizome MoneyBag WineObject SilverPlatedObject ReligiousBuilding PortFacility DevelopedMuscles BathTowel SkiLift Facility-Generic CloudlikeObject Block Hearth SubatomicObject StorageEntity Icicles DrainPipe GeometricalPattern SmokingDevice HardboundBook PokerDeck ArableLand HumanMummy VehicleWindow ToothedWheel Poncho TouristAttraction JewelryStore-Facility ComputerDisplayDesktop HumanShelterConstruction Neutrino Dehumidifier CurrencyBill Heliport PieceOfCloth HandRail Glockenspiel SingleFamilyResidence LandVehicleRoof MulticulturalArea Entree VisualInformationRecordingDevice AntiqueObject LighterThanAirCraft BuffetMeal Seating CometHead Attachment ElectricalTerminal ObjectTrio Arsenal InstanceCopy Laser Pedestrian TaxiCab Shirtwaist Ripcord Engine TennisRacquet Reminder Crater DetentionFacility GameEquipment Landscaping HornInstrumentValve JetEngine WrappedPackage RubberStrip Asteroid Snowdrift FlowingWater Contemporaries UptownAndDowntown Altar SledgeHammer Bifocals MiddleOfAnObject Case-Container PrimitiveWeapon Retailer BottleOfStuff Bulb-ThePlantPart Lesion InsideSurface Toothpick ShipGalley MatchForFireplace Tepee BrittleObject SoftballBall Tub Spermatozoon FloorCovering Facade Rattle Repository Cheek Bill-PaymentRequest Pearl HailStone CoinMint CityObject WetObject StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm ContactComponent StorageConstructInABuilding Tape HairBarrette GroupOfPhotographs Marionette Laundry BaseballStadium FishEgg Embassy PhysicalEventRecord Captor PieceOfGold SnowShovelBlade AdvertisingCircular BurningSpark Basement Dreadlock Courthouse Skyscraper CollarOfGarment Bowl-Eating AddingMachine TrashContainer Passageway FineParticles MovingThing AuthenticationMark Floater FullereneMolecule Cable ComputerNetworkPathSystem GameCourt Missile AnimalPoweredDevice Galaxy LongLegOfArtifact ColoredStoneObject WallOutlet AtomicBomb AttachedClip Ribbon GolfBall Bakery StoneObject Brace NuclearBomb Tableware Cord ColonyArea AudioSystem ShoppingMall Hoodoo Bar ClosableChain Cotyledon JewishGhetto Crevice-Topographical Wrap PyrotechnicDevice MedicalFacility Jade Fedora Footpath Barroom HotPepper HumanPoweredDevice HairRoller Plateau RailroadSiding Mountainside LongCone Bale HeadWear FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice BakingDish Particle PaperClip NerveFiber Dinner OrganicObject ElectricalOutlet Stratum LensedOpticalDevice Drone Pasture PickledFoodObject PhysicalTrace Farmhouse PlaceOfOrigin Trivet Nebula Helmet Steward PairOfNeighbors OdoriferousObject PieceOfDough RestStop BuckyBall Dress MovingTrain FlowerVase Breve LargeGroupOfPeople Airstrip Moccasin Scar StoredInformationArtifact Sawmill CountryObject TopOfaPole FurnitureLeg PocketKnife Distillery Hanger Carving-2D Vineyard NylonStocking PreparedFood Wakeboard HoopSkirt BowTie Basket Saw RotatingObject AircraftEngine Cakra SolidFoodArtifact EntranceHall HairSalon KidneyStone Dike LongishObject BottomPart Smudge VideoConferencingDevice SlotMachine CoupleOfPeople MainframeComputer ClosableContainer LargeObject ShipCabin DuplexBuilding TopographicalConfiguration TeaLeaf PassengerCar HypodermicNeedle MopHead WaterWorks Container RakeHead Load SuspendingLine Bonnet FarmBuilding Drawing-Depiction Faction Racquet HairBrush FingerprintTrace TuftOfStrands ClothingItem PairOfDice Festoon SchoolHouse HidingPlace Bleachers AdhesiveTape Shell PhysicalGeographicMap TennisBall Stationery Mill CavityWithWalls Helicopter Telegraph RecreationalObject ExteriorWall Vest RearOfaStage Sling Moor SingleResidenceUnit Knot Implement Quarter FlexedMuscle Autoclave BadBreath SnackFood TubularObject Orchard Curry BackSide Bridle Sidearm Stem CurveInaRoad Tier GroupOfFurs Leotards GroupOfBeasts Anvil RollingPin PassengerTrain Pullover CenterField PeriodicalCopy DigitalCamcorder Mine Footboard AircraftCarrier SiteOfAnEvent Skirt IceCap RaisedDot NationalFlag Gonad Masjid BatteryPoweredDevice BottleOfWine Entourage WheeledTransportationDevice LeavenedFoodObject Counter Lining Bumper AnimalCage Quark FlankOfAnAnimal Chimney MagneticRecorder Garden BaseballBat Toilet Chador ConvexTangibleObject MagneticDisk Bookmark TreeBranch Path-Physical Bag Washout Stitch Proton Ringlet Recipient Sock Paring Motor On-OffButton SeaShell Game-EquipmentSet Ghetto DevelopedMuscle Core Cloud ClothingAccessory Chest-Box Moat WorkingClass LaundryBag Genome Backgammon-Piece CoughDrop Holder InternalCombustionEngine Litter-Stretcher LocalOutdoorAirObject FrontLeftWheel Kernel RacingBoat Suppository Pallet Catch File-Tool BedSpread Mob Mist TransportationDevice Refinery ComputerServer RiverValley Sweatshirt Drumstick MovingWater FloorTile Closet HotelSuite Hallway StoppingPlace BeautyParlor Baggage Campus PostalCodeArea IceCube Germ ControlButton Taiga Grillwork ShovelBlade StraightHandle Biceps DuctTape SideOfaBilateralObject DeviceGroup AnimalArtifact GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople Whirlpool Bowstring SqueezeTube LoopedHandle Growth Rook-ChessPiece Stalk Underwear TrafficLight Pellet CheckerPiece NestForBirds OneDollarBill AbductorMuscle Runner ElectricSensor Photon Jacket AdjacentDrainageBasins ControlStructure-Physical AnimalShell BodySurface BroadbandCommunicationsLine BedsideStand BodyMarking TwoDimensionalArtObject NaturalObjectInSitu ChainSaw ComputerComponents Pepper Pub StillCamera CrissCross JetOfWater StationeryProduct WakeOfaBoat ThumbTack Slacks T-shirt MovingLiquidObject Handle LightingEquipment Crust Clothing-WholeBody Convent-Residence Anther Storefront Niqab Foursome ShoeOrBoot HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstruct Fondue Wreath TelephoneLink MovieTheaterSpace MetalContainer DigitalInformationStore UnspecifiedObject ChainClip Carousel CarpentryTool ExternalCombustionEngine Eardrum Breath FuneraryAshes InterestGroup Bell Taco Butt TableMat EmittableObject ResidentialBuilding RowHouse TaxiPassenger HumanoidRobot HouseholdItems ComputerStorageDevice MousseDish CookingSurface DanceBand FloorBoard HomogeneousObject Discard CourseOfAMeal PowerGenerationComplex PathForWheeledVehicles HangingDownPart Ruins Creek Sneaker BiologicalWeapon NibbedPen Clearing DirectTelephoneLink NightTable Lung Landmark Heterotroph-Bacterium HairpinTurn MilitaryFacility MilitaryPost SilverPlate Headset WindChimes Side PhysicalObject Hatch Beehive Fixture FlowRegulator Stilt IndoorShoppingMall Dominion Passenger PoolTable AnimalContainer CookBook InternalOrgan FlyingAirplane AnimalMadeShelter SeaBed ComputerOutputDevice Ark Pitchfork BusStop TriplexApartment Spacecraft Megaphone Fragment Segment BaseballEquipment Tip Toboggan Moon LandBody Tile Strut SpanishReal ElevatorShaft SteelGirder Spa HorizontalSurface Kiln BaseballBaseline GeographicalObject Pleat TwoFemalePeople BufferStorage TransportFacility JungleGym Fence SpinningObject Fuse Dots Cleaver Perch DamagedPart CirrusCloud VotiveCandle SandDune PieCrust Lens-Artificial GameBoard DiningRoom EukaryoticCell PostStuckInGround TopSide Lane Sinker MouseTrap ShipCrew HubAndRim Pole XRayPhotographicDevice ElectricalConnection Resistor HardwareTool PituitaryGland Strand FlowController SampleOfSubstance Trailer AnimalOrganPart ApplePiece Pie Heart-TheCard GoldAtom LotOfThings RiverBank GrainOfCereal Print NightClub PartAsaRegion MuffinPan Pad FlatSurfacePortion AdulteringCouple PersonalHygieneProduct Dam Dinghy Backyard AirPower Workshop LightBulbIncandescent SolanaceousVegetable ElementaryParticle Reef Token-Physical WarmClothingItem ClothingRod Oasis GroupOfVictims FashionableClothing SocialBody Doughnut StringOfObjects Feast Crutch Taliban GingerRoot StreetSign FormerResidence RollOfWallPaper CondominiumUnit Modem DairyFarm Pen Priesthood Tiller Model-Artifact DoorKnob SupportingWheel FoodPatty MiniVan EndOfRoomStage CrushedObject Base GenericVane LogOfWood Artichoke LegOfArtifact GoalPost Sediment Flowerpot OutdoorGeographicalObject GroupOfPeople UnderlyingObject IroningBoard Headphones PublicTransportationDevice Neutrophil Jack-TheCard Savannah Corral LipidBilayer Gymnatorium TerrainLowGround Insignia Stetson GolfCourse OverSnowVehicle NativeAmericans DustCoating Channel MilitaryQuarters ManorHouse FruitParing ShortcakeBiscuit RadioactiveObject Colander Drumhead Pantyhose Couple WaterBodyBed Quad ShortBristle ClothTowel IconicImage Utensil SkatingRink QuantityOfEnergy BuildingFrame Costume DeskDrawer Sink Eyeglasses Crevasse NickelCoin Apparatus DustParticle Club-TheCard ClothingOutfit Eye VolcanicCrater Propeller RiverDelta Vase GardenHose RocketPropelledTransportationDevice ArtisticMovement BendableObject RadioOrTVAudience Compact Package FasteningObject Kit LandedEstate RegularFare AssemblageOfPeople PlaygroundDevice ClothingAcessoryBand AthleticField PerforatedSheet PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars MetalDisk PicnicTable PhysicalQuantum Corner-2or3d Stamen Device-UserControlled DoseOfDrug Curl Crucifix PlaygroundObject WaterReservoir Busbar NeuralStructure Diamond-TheCard StorageTank Congregation USStateGovernment Locket MetalObject ExteriorDoor BarOfIvorySoap GlassRoof Book-Physical GameToken Appetizer Meteorite FurCoat Shipwreck WhiskBroom Thorn ElectricallyChargedObject VitalOrgan Carcass BaseballBall OxygenAtom Carrier Spear CloseQuarterCombatWeapon Cassette MonorailRail Cent-US MosquitoBite Tundra Radish Bead FiveDollarBill Microfilm Windmill Wheel Cortex BeltBuckle OuterPhysicalSurface Courtyard CueStick DigitalCamera PairOfObjects CompressibleObject ToothpasteTube TollRoad Bowl-Mixing Corpse OarBlade Twig PileOfSnow Incline MuseumBuilding MechanicalComponent PieceOfDimensionalLumber Breast Corset Undershirt FreshBakedGoods Robot Swing DeskLamp NauticalLifeline AttachedPin LightedBirthdayCandle Skewer ElectronicDevice PasserBy Collectible Gap-Topographical PicketFence Thimble TacticalTerrainObject Consulate SweetTastingObject ChinStrap ShipsDeck Hoop PlantBud Carcinoma DraperyHook Scull PowerLine Nucleon Oarlock TableCloth ElectricLamp DentalFloss Spawn LivingBiologicalAgent VehicleTrack Gemstone BottleCap Ocean PastryItem Lowland GasolineStation GasCap DiacriticalMark Marble Shard BrushOrBroom RemainingPart Covenant GamePiece Amenity WaterCloud Baryon Bay PigPen PlantGland Bruise FallingObject Pizza ScrubBrush Dishwasher CollegeCampus Whetstone CrashPad Virus Band-MusicGroup PotatoPlant PrintingPress Skylight Cheeseburger Pedestal Building Avenue Postmark BackCountry Root Snack ElectricalSwitch LightEmittingComponent Supernova Keyboard-Generic DistanceMarker Ladder Crate ThicketArea PackagingBox FlockOfSheep DateMark Dish JumpingJack Builder Estuary Stomach Island Cufflink StillImage HaploidCell Snowmobile Clique ChargedParticle EavesGutter PhysicalAxis Coat Liver ArtObject Object-SupportingFurniture Bayonet BigGroupOfVictims Nugget CombustionDevice Barracks TruncatedCone ScouringPad AllLegs Cymbal Belt-Mechanical StreetGang IndianClub EdibleObject Adornment Comet TalibanMilitia PartyFavor Spar CoiledWire Ornament PotteryObject MultiPersonAgent ReligiousRelic InteriorDecoration StageForIndoorPerformances SchoolGrade Spring-WaterSource InnerCity HandCraft Steppe BoxOfPlayingCards FishingLineAndHook Carrot RearLeftWheel DisplayedObjects Cell PieceOfWood DrainageBasin DockingFacility Jeans Supermarket PrintedText RearOutdoorArea Dendrite RoughSurface Animal Clot SmoothObject Laundromat FireTruck Lever RightAndLeftFields Overpass ProjectileShellAssembly SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual Aide-Memoire CocoaBean OrnamentalBand Foliage Plug TrashBag ArtGallery Rally PaperBallot Condenser Crew StraightLongAndThinObject Lodging LeftField Foothill Cross-TortureDevice EmblemObject Diamond RoadShoulder Node HorizontalTopSurface Portrait ClothesHook Billow Lymphocyte Staple CharcoalGrill Interface HeliumNucleus ArchitecturalNiche Target OceanWave Cluster Radio LightingArrangement Binoculars LandArea Heartland StairRail SphericalObject ElectricCircuit FurniturePiece SunkenObject Delicatessen DressingRoom HardObject HardPavement Slab IceMass StoneStructure Veneer Gong PlasticWrappedPackage PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface DishCloth EnergyStorageDevice CoasterForDrink Cyst-Sac ControlledLand PackagingContainerProduct ErectedTent Kilt Footprint Fluke LocalGroup PlanetarySatellite Lens JockStrap Ticket Veil Gulf Whistle Dislocation Bristle Box PhysicalPage HuntingKnife LargeBell WashingMachine Ridge PlanterFlowerpot Obstacle Yolk Rock SailorCap DigitalInformationBearingObject PackagedProduct Pond Neutron TrafficSign HandwrittenNote MechanicalAutoPart Wafer PaperObject TreeTrunk Cleats AcousticDevice Condom HighHeelShoe Javelin Shred GasolineEngine Waterway TaperedScrew ArtifactStem Condominium LandSite ShoeHeel Hall Auditorium WheelRim ReligiousMovement Knight-ChessPiece SurfaceOfaSolidObject Bight Casting OrganicMaterialObject Lagoon MainRoad RetailStore Volcano HandleStock Chain BodyPassageway Cathedral Cookie Balcony AssemblyOfMachineParts Present Slide InflatedBall WispOfHair WrittenEntry FloralArrangement DeckOfCards Chip Ring UpperCaseLetter Arrangement DrugCapsule Mainland DoorSill Doll Royalty SmallSupportingStand Hashtag MainSail Outskirts Aisle Honeycomb Drift GolfCourseHazard Figurine Pecan Rake Check-TenderObject WolfPack LeisureFacility FilmCamera Butte TransmittingDevice BuildingWindow Eyesore OceanRidge Turbine Beanstalk Tarnish Rung Stenography Cabal CrackerBonbon Meteoroid ServiceStation Bishop-ChessPiece Clove Chronology FrontSide TauNeutrino HinduTemple SocialClass Fort DeckOfaBuilding Saddle Bobsled SpaghettiNoodle Printout FarmStable Memento ParkingLot Clip MovieProductionCrew Surface-Physical JetOfSteamAndWater PlainArea Oscar-Figurine Cabin Chemise Stack RearRightWheel PlumbingFixture Queen-TheCard Fjord SnowShoe Contrail Wall-GenericBarrier Column NestForBees HairAccessory BirthdayCandle PavedRoadway ClipperShip Dimple Bean AutomobileFactory Ministry BarrelOfaGun CircularObject Ovum Fetus Questionnaire Stocking Hillside Gig-Boat Tenement Enclosure Photocopy LandRidge ShapingDie StreamSection NunsHabit Buoy Lunch FineParticle QueenOfSpades Caste ShipOrTrain CommercialBuilding CarPool TVTransmitter Umbrella BaseballField TornadoAsObject Fountain Pistil RentalCar LongDormantVolcano PaperWeight Casing GradingMachine QueenOfHearts Backgammon-EquipmentSet Wicker Smokestack IntraBuildingTransportationDevice Gun Leaf Mafia Cut Weld Jalapeno TemporaryLodgings Club-Weapon Quarry OutpatientClinic IceSculpture Arcade CommonFolk Ruffle Picture LongAndThinThing StiffBristle Post Freckle Faculty RigidObject CheckoutCounter FishingPole ComputerHardwareItem PairOfLungs Freezer SpongyObject Lepton Die-GamePiece Levee WritingDevice Classroom Suspenders HumanOccupationConstructResident Obelisk PingPongBall DayCareCenter Remains SolderConnection Handkerchief Plantation FlyingObject Barbell GrainField Hub FootballField Brood Tract GarageDoor StampDevice TopPart Contraband PointyEnd Superhighway SelfPortrait Herd ShortSleeveShirt Rip SecurityBlanket LargeWindow PinnableButton Spring-Device HotAirObject Anchor HotLine LineOfObjects BlondeHair Arroyo CarvingKnife SeeSaw RibCage Fringe Fan-ElectricalAppliance RuralRegion Boot Paycheck Guinea-Coin PersonalDevice Hat Dipper HexalateralBox Tower Abbey ConspiracyGroup GunTrigger CoiledSpring ShowerFixture Gymnasium Grassland PoliceBlotter Kiosk TransparentPlate HedgeRow BathAccessory CellMembrane Plaque TapeRecorder Promenade GlassFiber Nut-TheFruit NotMarriedCouple CorrectionalInstitution Bottle BladeOfGrass AgentiveObject Conveyance-Stationary DamagedObject HospitalBuilding ComputationalSystem MagnifyingGlass Executor PortableCarrier UpperDeck Mesa Gripstock Ingot HumanScaleObject ObjectInUse Caftan Snowflake ControlLever EarthSurfaceObject TrashItems SoilObject Pantaloons SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment PieceOfTissuePaper Portfolio Camisole Pizzeria GarbageCan EightPackOfChocolateBars Kerchief RedObject Planetarium Turnip Glitch Sled AmbientAirObject BathHouse Laboratory Doorbell UFO ShelterConstruction MagneticStorageMedium MexicanFoodObject Perfumery CleaningDevice Sword ShortcutRoad Blanket Microphone PairOfEvents SpoolableObject NavigableWaterSurface PocketOfGarment RottenEgg TruckTrailer WaterWell JetAirplane SportsEquipment Dug DessertFood ExtraterrestrialLifeForm MaterialTransporter DishTowel Tomato GearWheel NuclearReactor SwimWear InsulatingCover Resort RockMusicGroup DollHouse Wicket Panties Hut Wardrobe-Furniture BaseballMitt Prop Blueprint Horde Headquarters Cuttings Framework DogSled CommunicationsLine MetazoanCell Highway Factory Washtub SheafOfCords SchoolBuilding-KThrough12 StructuralBeam PoloBall RainCoat ScullOar CookingGrill MilitaryAircraft RightField ReproductiveCell SkeletalRemains Furnace Membrane Microprocessor Parenthesis BlankPhysicalPage Steeple HandSaw ShipsCargo Vat FashionBoutique RopeOrCable EntertainmentDevice DriverClub SafetyPin Doorway WomensSuit Brush ArchaeologicalSite Lorry Parachute Yoke Rowboat IdentificationMark TreeBark Rudder SocialGroup DrinkingCan RetailChainStore Lagoon-Generic Wheelchair MalignantTumor ServingSpoon Crosswalk Barn ThreadedDevice Staff Punch-TheTool CityArea SingleCellOrganism GroupOfStars ChessBoard RollerWheel Haze CapsuleContainer SpatialArea Crayons StainedGlassWindow BusStation LakeBed BlockWall Attraction PaperBag FreightCar ContainerByVolume ConstructionArtifact TwoTerminalElectricalDevice Swig Collage PairOfAnimals ArthropodBite LowerCaseLetter LeatherObject ForeSail Twine Isthmus Pincushion RecreationalFacility Snowman XeroxCopy FuelPoweredDevice GeographicalArea EconomicClass ModelAirplane Slot NewspaperCopy AnimalCovering OilRefinery Goodies ArmoredCar Campground DuplexApartment Cubicle HandleBar UpperClass Backdrop StageOrSet IndoorLocation SwimSuit-OnePiece Pail ViewingStage PlantStyle BarbWireFence VolleyballBall Calyx LoopedBand EdibleNut Kimono HandWritingImplement Mesh HurricaneDeck Fog CoalMine ShoulderAndElbow Glacier Mitten HipAndRibCage GlowingHotObject Mast Pennant Underline Trail MatadorAndBull HurricaneAsObject Wardrobe ProjectileLauncher VotingBloc AppendixText Crease Teat BoltOfCloth Sheaf Grating PerforatedPaperObject KitchenCompartment CellPart-Structural TempleBuilding Railing LoopedRubberBand Icebox PairOfGloves BedCover Splint Sprout Skate ProductionCrew Foothold HoleInTheGround ChestOfDrawers BackRest ColoredThing Population LocationMarker Spade-TheCard Mural ButcherShop RoadwayPavement FragmentGroup Spool LotsOfTrees TwoMalePeople Sprain SmartPhone RentedRoom Link ComicBook PunkahFan ShinyObject TriplexBuilding PlantBranch Briefs DrugObject RapidlyFlowingWater MacroMolecule Crop Luggage MotorcycleEngine Constellation Storehouse SandBox PetitJury Beam Crossing Cave Housetop ArchObject WashBoard Siren HairPin BedSheet SubAtomicParticle Rapids InLineSkate DehumidifyingPacket EasterEgg WorldWideWeb Sac-Organic Spots AnatomicalStructure StriatedMuscle Wastebasket MagneticTape HairRibbon Putter HumanPopulation CoatHanger Engraving Plaything ConnectedFishingLine Hook MineralVein BurningObject HorseBack ObjectConsistingOfSubstance WallHanging Sweater Centerpiece GravitationallyBoundObject Wave Huddle PairOfFlipFlops ToyReplica Noodle Homestead DrillingRig PostOffice Whereabouts Loincloth AutomobileWindow KitchenStrainer Shrapnel Garbage-Generic BoxCar OtherPeople Internet Stand PetitionMemorial EndOfCordlikeObject ImageCopy TopCap ReligiousClothing MultipleUserComputer BowForStringInstrument Newsroom Correction TearDrop Tassel SkirtBottom Hone Lingerie Terrain Nightcap Cilium Bindery InformationStorageMediumObject FreightTrain GoodLuckCharm WallCoping Milestone ContainerAndContents MilitaryFormation Ovule SliceOfBread DanceFloor ContraceptiveDiaphragm HorseCarriage Cottage ProkaryoticCell ArchitecturalDrawing CampaignButton AudioEquipment DeskTop ProcessingContainer ContraceptiveDevice SmallCandle SailingShip DishOfFood Bluff FibrousObject SmallObject Brunch Turnover ElectricalReceptacle Coast StillCamera-Digital Elevator Knob ToolBlade BallpointPen NightGown Mammogram FluidConduit EarCanal Loafer TwistedObject MultiCourseMeal FleaBite WalkingStick Calculator TwoCloseRelatives Bank-Topographical BarrelContainer Hobo DoorStep ArrowHead PetroleumReservoir FoodProcessor Penthouse NapkinRing Yard-BuildingGrounds StreamSystem Refrigerator-Freezer CrochetingNeedleHook CommunityOfInterest Turquoise ContainerWithTopCap SunGlasses Stump WateringCan GeologicalReservoir Bird GalleyKitchen GroupOfPebbles Rocker DoorMat Tomahawk Loonie NitrogenAtom Microfiche TelephoneExchange PowerSource WideNailHead Checkpoint Tunic Harness-Human Tributary Buggy GranolaBar ConnectedFishHook Leotard Hardware Tuber Helm Blender Sack Wound PhysicalMargin ServingUtensil MineralObject Shoe HelicalSpring CoastalWaters Stairwell DriedBloodObject RubberBoot PistonChamber Slope-Topographical RaceCourse PlentyOfThings Vignette Transmitter InnerNuclearMembrane IceFloe CayennePepper ThinkingUnit GrandJury StartingPlace Appendix BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage FoodOven MarbleSizedObject ReligiousIcon VerticalPost SynagogueBuilding Leftover WildLife CellSurfacePart Hijab SealingObject HotSpring Orthotic SheetOfPaper MinutesOfaMeeting Mummy Bicycle Link-Generic StructuralMember Nightstick DisposableProduct PathogenicVirus PartOfanArtifact Prison CeramicObject Substratum Heart Kidney PackOfChocolateBars OuterSpaceObject SpiderWeb Swarm Bowl-Serving HandwrittenText FootSole EmbeddedComputer ChemicalReactor Banister Casino PartOfaShip Clothing-Top SelfPoweredDevice Mortarboard TrumpCard ComputerKeyboard LampShade RotatableComponent Shovel Shipyard ExplosiveDevice Roof Balustrade PhysicalCharacter Hodgepodge ThreeLayeredObject Hangar HolyPlace SkeletalStructure RoomRadiator FootRest Martian FlatBottomedObject Pinnacle LineDrawing Pretzel BedLinen LivingThings Burden Wallet Pin Peninsula OfficeRoom ShortLegOfArtifact Concussion EmergencyVehicle Surf Door PadlockBody CornField TextMarking ElectricChandelier SheetOfWritingPaper Ribosome TheWorkingField Midtown HumanOccupationConstruct TextBook-Physical Valve Eyewear Scribble CriminalUnderworld SwimSuit Formation Fan Tau Outfield MoonFigure PhysicalArray PictureWire Match-FireStarter SurfaceReceptor OverloadingaCarrier ProtectiveSystem Sandwich BrideAndGroom Stairway PunctuationMark ProtectiveMask Headgear GasWell Armor Filler Pancreas Canyon Forklift LitterBox Nose MaskingTape ClassroomAttendees ResetButton BloodObjectInSitu WoodenObject Pigtail GraveSite AminoAcidUnit ResidueObject Thermos StillCamera-Film BlankPage OutdoorArea ModelFigure Dosage BottomOfAnOcean Boardwalk Strap Humidor JetOfFluid StageScenery Cation RailroadRail SmallRigidSheet HomePlate Organelle DetachedHouse Satchel CoiledObject ImmatureOrganism WindowShutter ElectricalJack Burka Cigarette PelletShot Parsonage Patio Palace BasketballBall Hammer Baluster Street-RoadwayOnly Swivel Convoy Organism PlayingCard Holdings Ranch Thrombus Kitchen Cordillera Coverall IndividualPerson HighBackRest FishingLine CatchFastener AutoFloorboard Community TentCeiling PrisonCoolerCell Meadow Overburdening RailroadTrainEngine LotsOfStuff TraceMark SteelBeam DigitalDevice Harbor PathOfTravel Cliff SteeringWheel Mail PeopleOfaCollege ChickenCoop ConnectedObject1 Flock Rug FrenchToast PaperHanky MobOfThings ChiliPepper ConnectedPair NuclearPoweredDevice ParkingSpace Loft SubwayTrain FrenchFries KitchenRange SimplePipe HayRake Provisions PlotOfLand TieredSeats BarOfStuff Karst TukTuk Gland PlantStigma Urn SetOfTeeth Chandelier Nosegay Ski CreamPie Puppet PadOfPaper BunkBed WrittenRecord AnimalPen Stoop Statue WallPaperSheet WaterWave Parasol BodyOfIce MonorailTrain VerticalShaft JuryPanel HulaHoop PackingTape RefrigeratedStorageDevice Overburden BowlingBall AutomaticVehicleController Sodality SiltBed GroupOfIntentionalAgents Inscription SurgicalKnife Stock AnalyticalSample Hadron ContainedObject Socket Dot SportCourse Pelvis MakeupKit StageForPerformances SportsImplement HandGrenade Wardroom MortgagedRealEstate Coupler Faggot ScissorsBlade MacroscopicObject CeramicArtifact Scaffold Confessional EntertainmentFacility Mound ShoppingMallBuilding Chock CoralReef PieceOfRope Clergy StructuredInformationBearingObject Bin Back ShowRoom ChairLeg PublicMeetingPlace Gynoecium Halitus Sewer Specimen PickupTruck Heath DryObject Brothel PackOfAnimals Street PowerPylon Continent Firehouse Cigar Microscope MajorTerrainFeature Camshaft Boutique Filament ContainerStopper PileOfRubble Souffle Lake PolarZone Drum-Container Skullcap ActivityTypeFocusGroup Clothesline Embryo Generation Sinkhole FetusAndPlacenta EthnicFoodObject ExperimentalFacility Corm BedFootboard NonPortableObject TransmissionLine Convexity Oedema Throng ConductiveObject RedBloodCell FusionWeapon Mosque OutdoorClothing Gene PowerSaw FederalReserveNote PingPongTable NucleicAcidMolecule Spore Beads LongOar Lladro-Figurine GameChip FlowerBud Saucer ComputerNetworkConnection Pivot PrecipitationParticle Trousers MacaroniNoodle AstronomicalObject Stair MarketPlace Castle Courtroom HerdOfCattle Speck Dock StartupGroup DieselLocomotive SportsArena PartitionedSpace Piling Souvenir Whiplash Tapis Slit ShapingTool StoneObject-Natural BB SoiledClothObject SmallArm-Weapon Fan-HandHeld FlatEnd Manor Forge Cloister EngravingBlock Pawn-ChessPiece MobilityAid Gallery Acquirer OrnamentalRivet RecoillessLauncher SeaSwell Machinery Diner PortalCovering Salad SewingMachine CapitalizedWord CoolingDevice Wall Brassiere TopFloor Fomite Gate GunBarrel RadioReceiver OreBonanza MeetingRoom Ramp MotorcycleTrike DustCloud RifleStock Shield BroomHandle NerveCell Speckles PhysicalPartOfObject ChemicalWeapon Domino Shelf Stigma RatchetWheel PhysiologicalSystem PhysicalFilter LaptopComputer BoomerGeneration Well Ball ExternalSurface-WholeThing ShavingKit Overshoe Leggings CoalCar Kit-Container MilitaryFlank CarryStrap TemporaryResidenceUnit Ration PairOfShoes CoatTail ElectronicComponent DogBed SportsGoalObject BacklightingEquipment Fossil DogCollar Cardigan StorageFacility DartBoard StorageRoom Breakfast Tray DryLand SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice Exhibit SandyBeach DoorLatch MustardSeed CurvedObject Coffer Airport-Physical SectorOfSociety Billboard MiddleClass Canal Mat EarOfCorn Graveyard Screw-Connector Gully RiverBed Nook BandOfPeople MainDeck Motorboat ClothesDryer Prion Flail SoundInformationRecordingDevice Dishes SemirigidObject CastorBean Toaster SeaBillow Sculpture Outskirt Club FixedWingAircraft Microbe SideDish RedHair CordlikeObject CricketEquipment GroundFloor Mankind OpticalFiber HomeGarden Clubhouse MilitaryBase PartOfRoomInAConstruction CoatingOfSilver Patrol SnowSurfaceTransporter Typewriter DisplayCase RollAndSpool ContainerLid BoardOrRod FoodOnTheTable NaturalShelter OceanIce FingerFood Geyser Storey StrapHandle WomansShoe Memorabilia BallastObject Frieze PrintingDevice SliceOfCheese ElectricalWire TicketBooth RestrainingCollar Stuff AutomobileRadiator Migrant ChainLink BrainInjury Cairn Spoon Chisel Pillowcase NightShirt CorkStopper Lode Refugee Fruitcake

PhysicalPage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalPage`
Description	A single page of a physical Text. These can be very small in miniature productions of books (for art or amusement), but should not be longer than 60 cm in any one direction. Any exceptions? `Corresponds to the physical part of noun sense 1 of 'page' in Wordnet: 1. (34) page - (one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains)`
Super-classes	Page^c InformationBearingObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Sub-classes	NewspaperPage^c BookPage^c BlankPhysicalPage^c

PhysicalPartOfObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalPartOfObject`
Description	COSMO note: PhysicalPartOfObject is here interpreted as a Role (as well as a PhysicalObject), which means that anything classified under this category must have as part of its definition that it is necessarily a part of some larger physical object, in the sense specified in the ontology. Although many 'roles' are 'TemporalThing's in having a start and end time, 'Part' is a subtype of ''AtemporalRole'' that does not require specifying a beginning or end time for the role - though this kind of role may be temporary. See also 'PartOfanArtifact' Cyc: The collection of things that are best thought of as parts of other things, and about which we might have something useful to say. Think of table legs, sleeves of garments, etc. This is just to make it easier to search through all this part stuff when someone needs to do so. None of us (#$Guha, Karen, Nick ...) are very happy with this collection ... Includes noun senses 4 and 7 of 'part' in WordNet (physical parts of either natural or artifactual objects), and sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'Piece' (unclear from the example how broad sense 1 of 'piece' is):: in WordNet: WN 'piece': 1. (25) piece - (a separate part of a whole; 'an important piece of the evidence') 3. (8) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') WN 'part' 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') 7. (67) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite')
Super-classes	ObjectPart^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Stump^c Spout^c Constriction^c OrientedPart^c ShoeHeel^c Stirrup^c Crease^c LaneOfRoadway^c Protrusion^c FurniturePart^c PartAsaRegion^c PartOfAnHSC^c OrganismPart^c RemainingPart^c Slit^c HeatingElement^c Distortion^c Stub^c Attachment^c Propeller^c PartOfanArtifact^c FiatObjectPart^c SampleOfSubstance^c AnimalBody^c MiddleOfAnObject^c EndOfAnObject^c TriggeringMechanism^c Segment^c PieceOfAnObject^c SomethingToWearPart^c EngineeringComponent^c

PhysicalPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalPhenomenon`
Description	A ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' is any ''NaturalPhenomenon'' is caused by one of the basic physical forces that are exhibited in the interactions of matter an energy.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physical phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. (2) physical phenomenon - (a natural phenomenon involving the physics of matter and energy)`
Super-classes	NaturalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Physics^c
Sub-classes	NuclearFission^c Conductivity^c MechanicalResistance^c ForceField^c AstronomicalEvent^c ElectricalPhenomenon^c NuclearReaction^c

PhysicalPossession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalPossession`
Description	''PhysicalPossession'' is the PersistenState in which a Person has physical possession and control of some PhysicalObject. This does not imply ownership of that object.
Super-classes	Possession^c

PhysicalPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalPower`
Description	''PhysicalPower'' is a Rate at which energy is expended. It is measured in ''PowerUnit''s such as a ''Watt''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'power' in WordNet: 2. (201) power - ((physics) the rate of doing work; measured in watts (= joules/second))`
Super-classes	PhysicalQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some RealNumber^c hasUnit^op some PowerUnit^c

PhysicalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalProcess`
Description	A PhysicalProcess is a ''FunctionalProcess'' (not an Event) in which at least one ''PhysicalObject'' is a participant. This type is part of the elaboration of the disinction in COSMO between ''Event'' and ''FunctionalProcess'', where the ''Event'' describes changes occuring over some interval of time, whereas a ''FunctionalProcess'' more closely reflects the rate of change(s) at any given instant, the sum total of which over some interval of time results in an ''Event''. This is an attempt to differentiate the intuitive distinction between a 'process' and the resulting Event associated with a 'process'. Each ''FunctionalProcess'' should have some type of ''Event'' related to it by the relation ''hasCorrespondingEvent''. The ''Event' that is the cumulative result of a ''PhysicalProcess'' is a ''NonHumanEvent''. See parent ''FunctionalProcess' for more detail about this distinction. Corresponds (approximately, but see the note above) to noun sense 6 of 'process' in WordNet; this type of 'process' could be abstract in WordNet: 6. process, physical process - (a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; 'events now in process'; 'the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls')
Super-classes	FunctionalProcess^c
Restrictions	hasCorrespondingEvent^op value NonHumanEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Natural^c
Sub-classes	FluidCurrent^c LivingProcess^c DiseaseProcess^c FormingProcess^c DyingProcess^c ElectricCurrent^c

PhysicalQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalQuantity`
Description	A PhysicalQuantity is a measurable quantity that has a numerical value qualifying a UnitOfMeasure. In one notation, a mass of 25 grams could be expressed as '{25 grams}' where 'grams' is a function that returns a MassMeasure. PhysicalQuantities are measures of attributes of objects in our real world, and as such are subject to uncertainty, also called 'measurement error'. PhysicalQuantity has an attribute of 'MeasurementUncertainty', which is an optional attribute. When a MeasurementUncertainty is not explicitly provided with an instance of PhysicalQuantity, each implementing system has the option to designate default uncertainties, which may be general or specific to particular categories of measurement. COSMO note: PhysicalQuantities in COSMO are categorized both as quantities, and as AttributeValues. Conceptually, to be viewed as an attribute, some combination of AttributeType and AttributeValue would both be involved (e.g. 'a length of 30 cm'). But at this point (v0.3) it does not appear necessary to represent such quantitative attributes in that explicit manner. This issue remains open for possible future elaboration. SUMO: A PhysicalQuantity is a measure of some quantifiable aspect of the modeled world, such as 'the earth's diameter' (a constant length) and 'the stress in a loaded deformable solid' (a measure of stress, which is a function of three spatial coordinates). All PhysicalQuantities are either ConstantQuantities or FunctionQuantities. Instances of ConstantQuantity are dependent on a UnitOfMeasure, while instances of FunctionQuantity are Functions that map instances of ConstantQuantity to other instances of ConstantQuantity (e.g., TimeDependentQuantities are FunctionQuantities). Although the name and definition of PhysicalQuantity is borrowed from physics, PhysicalQuantities need not be material. Aside from the dimensions of length, time, velocity, etc., nonphysical dimensions such as currency are also possible. Accordingly, amounts of money would be instances of PhysicalQuantity. PhysicalQuantities are distinguished from Numbers by the fact that the former are associated with a dimension of measurement.
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c MeasurableQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op some UnitOfMeasure^c hasQuantifier^op some Quantifier^c
Sub-classes	Viscosity^c PhysicalPower^c Person-Hour^c ForceVector^c FunctionQuantity^c ConstantQuantity^c

PhysicalQuantum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalQuantum

Description

A ''PhysicalQuantum'' is a ''Quantity'' of Energy that may be absorbed or emitted as one unit during some physical Event. This is represented as a ''PhysicalObject'' because as Energy, it has a relativistic equivalent of Mass.

      NOTE: in COSMO, ''Energy'' is represented as a 'substance';  Each
        'PhysicalSubstance' has some 'unit object' and in the case of 
        Energy, the unit object is taken as a ''PhysicalQuantum''.

         This corresponds to RHW sense 5a of 'quantum':
           5.  (Physics).
            a. the smallest quantity of radiant energy,
                  equal to Planck's constant times the frequency of 
                  the associated radiation.
        b. the fundamental unit of a quantized physical magnitude, as angular momentum.


       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quantum' in WordNet:
         2. quantum - ((physics) the smallest discrete quantity of
             some physical property that a system can possess 
             (according to quantum theory))

Super-classes QuantityOfEnergy^c

PhysicalReaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalReaction`
Description	Each 'PhysicalReaction' is an instance of an Event subsequent to some prior Event in which some inanimate Object or SubstanceType underoes some form of change or acts so as to cause some effect. This includes all the types of things that can be called 'reactions' except for the 'reactions' of Cognitive agents that perform Actions in reaponse to a prior Event. This latter type of 'reaction' is represented by ''Reaction'' and its subtype ''Response''. . For chemical reactions, use 'ChemicalReaction' Includes sense 3 and 7 and part of sense 2 (non-mentally mediated bodily reactions) of 'reaction' in WordNet: 2. (156) reaction, response - (a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent; 'a bad reaction to the medicine'; 'his responses have slowed with age') 3. (137) chemical reaction, reaction - ((chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; 'there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water') 7. (5) reaction - ((mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body; 'every action has an equal and opposite reaction')
Super-classes	Event^c Effect^c
Restrictions	wasCausedBy^op some Event^c
Sub-classes	ImmuneResponse^c DeviceResponse^c ChemicalBondCleavage^c RespondingToTouch^c ChemicalReaction^c

PhysicalRestraint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalRestraint`
Description	A 'PhysicalRestraint' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that hinders an Animal from performing some Action, by being attached to or fastened around some part of the body of the animal and prevents either part of the body or the whole body from moving in certain ways or beyond some distance from a fixed point. This includes leashes for dogs, chains attached to collars for dogs, handcuffs or leg chains for prisoners, seat belts in cars or airplanes, and any other object that is designed to restrain animal motion - other than wall-like barriers that are included as subtypes of ''Barrier''. The electronic 'collars' that shock a dog if it moves beyond some line in a yard are included here as a borderline example, because they are worn on the animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'restraint' in WordNet: 6. restraint, constraint - (a device that retards something's motion; 'the car did not have proper restraints fitted')`
Super-classes	Hindrance^c Device^c
Sub-classes	ShackleBond^c Leash^c Pawl^c

PhysicalReturn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalReturn`
Description	A 'PhysicalReturn' is a'Returning' in which some Object moves physically from some location to a location or orientation at which it was previously located, and at which it now returns as a result of this Event. The restriction requires that the place to which the thing returns be specified. `Includes noun senses 2 and 5 and part of verb sense 1 of 'return' in WordNet: 2. (7) return, homecoming - - (a coming to or returning home; 'on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party') 5. (2) return - - (the act of going back to a prior location; 'they set out on their return to the base camp') WN verb 'return': 1. (111) return, go back, get back, come back - (come back to place where one has been before, or return to a previous activity)`
Super-classes	Returning^c Motion^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op only (GenericLocation^c or GenericAgent^c or Object^c or OrientationMeasure^c or ObjectType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c) hasEndingPlace^op some (GenericLocation^c or GenericAgent^c or Object^c or OrientationMeasure^c or ObjectType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ReturningHome^c ReturningaPurchase^c RetracingaPath^c RevisitingaPlace^c

PhysicalSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSeries`
Description	A specialization of both #$Series and #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$PhysicalSeries is a group of partially tangible objects ordered in a linear fashion, most likely according to some spatial relationship. Instances would include a group of people in line at a ticket booth, or the vertebrae in a person's spine. `COSMO-TODO note: the basic words 'line' and 'linear' and 'aligned' include the notion of PhysicalSeries for physical objects, and should be related to this concept.`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Series^c
Sub-classes	Convoy^c VehicleQueue^c BaseSequence^c Procession^c Vertebrae^c Queue^c

PhysicalSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSituation`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$Situation-Localized. Each instance of #$PhysicalSituation is a spatially localized situation involving one or more physical objects or stuffs (see #$situationConstituents). Important specializations include #$PhysicalEvent and #$AilmentCondition. `NOTE: this is a CYC concept.It is used to be more specific about 'PersistentState''s that affect ''PhysicalObject''s.`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Situation-Localized^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Wetness^c Tension^c Immunity^c OrganismCondition^c EnvironmentalCondition^c Utopia^c ObjectCondition^c UndesirableSituation^c FinancialStatus^c Safety^c Case^c PhysicalContactSituation^c StateOfIllumination^c BodyPositionEvent^c BiologicalDevelopmentState^c

PhysicalSize^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSize

Description

''PhysicalSize'' is a subtype of ''Size'' referring to the overall size, meaning Length, Width,and Height. A comparison of ''PhysicalSize''s would refer to all of those length measres being larger or smaller than the comparison object. This would imply a larger Volume (assuming the same generel shape) but volumes can vary greatly without any change in one or two of those dimensions.

  Corresponds to the sense in the gloss for  sense 1 of 'size' in WordNet:
    1. (82) size - - (the physical magnitude of something (how big it is);
       'a wolf is about the size of a large dog')

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

PhysicalSpaceRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSpaceRegion`
Description	PhysicalSPaceRegion is a portion of the there-dimensional space of our real world space-time universe. This is considered equialent to the BFO 'Volume' COSMO Note: SpaceRegion in OpenCyc is not an Object, but pure space. Objects may be located in space. This region is part our our Space-Time This concepts is roughly equivalent to the OpenCyc 'ChunkOfSpace-Empirical', but we allow space regions to be defined by their relation to physical objects - therefore they may not be 'immobile' as the Cyc documentation suggests for 'ChunkOfSpace-Empirical'. For simplicity, the Cyc concept 'SpaceRegion-Empirical' has been merged with this concept, as the distinctions did not seem to have sufficient importance to justify the complexity. BFO: the BFO Type 'SpatialRegion' appears to have the same intent as this Type. The BFo subtypes of Line and Surface appear to be isentical to the subtypes of this Type: SpaceLine-Empirical, SpaceSurface-Empirical, NOTE: in BFO This is an owl:equivalentClass unionOf ( OneDimensionalRegion(Line), ZeroDimensionalRegion(Point), TwoDimensionalRegion(Surface), ThreeDimensionalRegion) BFO Definition ('SpatialRegion'): A continuant at or in which other continuants can be located. BFO Examples ('SpatialRegion'): the space occupied by an appendix, the space that was occupied by an appendix prior to its removal Cyc comment for 'ChunkOfSpace-Empirical': A specialization of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical, #$ChunkOfSpace, and #$SpatialThing-Localized (qq.v.). Instances of #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical are three-dimensional portions of the intangible space of the empirically-observable universe. This is the kind of space that physical objects occupy. Cyc comment for 'SpaceRegion-Empirical': A specialization of #$SpaceRegion, #$SpatialThing-Localized, and #$IntangibleExistingThing (qq.v.). Instances of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical are intangible regions of space located in the empirically observable universe. A space region might or might not be connected (see #$SpatiallyContinuousThing). It might be partially or completely filled with (occupied by) #$PartiallyTangibles, or it might be completely empty (but cf. #$EmptySpaceRegion). In any case, the space region itself is not to be confused with a physical object or other spatially localized (non-space-region) thing that might happen to be #$cospatial with it. A given space region can be characterized fully merely by specifying its location and dimensions. Thus (although this is not the case with spatial things in general), space regions are identical (#$equals) if and only if they are #$cospatial. #$SpaceRegion-Empirical is in a way the spatial analogue of #$TimeInterval, whose own instances can be fully characterized by specifying their temporal properties; these two collections can be used, respectively, to talk about space and time as dimensions . Specializations of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical include #$SpacePoint-Empirical, #$SpaceLine-Empirical, #$SpaceSurface-Empirical, and #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$SpatialThing whose instances are regions of space that exclusively act as locations for other spatial objects, and thus are immobile. Instances of #$SpatialThing are said to occupy some region of space. Three dimensional regions of space [#$ChunkOfSpace] can be occupied by solid objects, see the specialization #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical for the regions of space occupied by physical objects. Purely two-dimensional objects occupy a #$SpaceSurface, see also #$SpaceLine and #$SpacePoint-Empirical for objects of lower dimension. Note that an object of a given dimension cannot truly be located [#$exactlyLocatedAt-Spatial] at a region of space of lower dimension, but only partially or incidentally. For more information on location and occupancy, see #$AbsoluteLocationalPredicate and its instances that relate objects in space and their regions. An important specialization of #$SpaceRegion is #$SpaceRegion-Empirical, whose instances are pieces of the embedding space where spatio-temporal objects are empirically localizable [#$SpatialThing-Localized]. Note that SpaceRegion in SUMO is an object viewed as a location. Corresponds approximately to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'region' in WordNet: 1. (67) region, part - (the extended spatial location of something; 'the farming regions of France'; 'religions in all parts of the world'; 'regions of outer space') 3. (2) region - (a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; 'penguins inhabit the polar regions')
Super-classes	SpatialThing-Localized^c TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c Place^c SpatialRegion^c VolumeOfSpace^c
Sub-classes	ForceFieldRegion^c SpaceSurface-Empirical^c GroupVolume^c OpenExpanse^c Interior^c GeographicalRegion[Cyc-includes_other_planets]^c OuterSpaceRegion^c FreeSpaceRegion^c AeroSpaceRegion^c Hole^c GeographicalSpaceRegion^c MiddleOfaRegion^c Compartment^c InterstellarSpace^c Exterior^c
In domain of	isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSpace

PhysicalState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalState`
Description	The physical state of an Object. There are three reified instances of this Class: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. Physical changes are not characterized by the transformation of one substance into another, but rather by the change of the form (physical states) of a given substance. For example, melting an iron nail yields a substance still called iron.
Super-classes	InternalAttribute^c

PhysicalSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSubstance`
Description	COSMO note: In COSMO, 'substances' such as iron, gold, sand, and sugar are instances of the metaclass 'SubstanceType'. and subtypes of this class 'PhysicalSubstance'. Thus 'Gold' is an OWL-class. But objects composed of a particular substances are instances of a separate hierarchy of PhysicalObject; such an object could be represented as a subtype of ''HomogeneousObject''; alternatively, a piece of ''Gold'' is represented by ''PieceOfGold''.. This differs from Cyc usage. These substances in COSMO are related to PhysicalObjects composed of each substance (subtype of this class) by the relation: 'hasComponentSubstance', and subrelations. COSMO note: this method of representing substances present problems with a triple-based logical language such as OWL. Relations that might ordinarily refer to instances of some type may need to refer to subtypes of a substance. This may be (and is) accomplished by representing subtypes of 'SubstanceType', but for generality that would require a specific subtype of 'SubstanceType' for each substance. In an FOL system, one can have relations that clearly refer to subtypes (e.g. producesaSubtype of' [some substance]), but since COSMO will eventually be converted to FOL, that gereal method is not implemented in the OWL version. Although subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance' are classes, these classes do not usually have any instances, since relations on substances refer to the classes of substance (instance of ''SubstanceType'', the subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance'). However,it is possible to visualize a meaning and potential use for instances of 'PhysicalSubstance'es. Those instances would conceptually be a *density of a physical substance* (such as 1.0 grams of water per milliliter) or a *fractional component of a physical substance. See ''TenKaratGold'' or SterigSilver as an example of how the gold component is represented as an instance of ''FractionalComponentSubstance'' in alernative ways. For ''SubstanceDensity'' see example ''Alcohol500MgPerMl'' . 'DensityMeasure' this representation is not a QuantitativeAttributeValue, such as 'OneGramPerMilliliter', since that type of attribute value does not include the substance name. An example of an instance of a 'PhysicalSubstance' (specifically, Water)('WaterAtOneGramPerMilliliter') is included as an illustration. NOTE in this example that it is not necessary to specify the Substance name within the element, because the instance of substance is already specified as an instance of the specific PhysicalSubstance ('Water'), and only its density need be added. To be complete, the temperature and pressure should be specified, but that will be for a version later than this (rev1115). One can visualize such an instance as having units of PhysicalSubstanceMass/Volume. These instances could also be conceptualized as the derivative of a PhysicalObject with respect to volume at some point within the PhysicalObject - and that would be the substance at that point. But such esoteric conceptualizations should not be needed for effective use. NOTE that a substance at some particular concentration can also be a subtype of that substance. To express that an object contains a particular concentration of a substance, one can create a subclass of that substance having the appropriate concentration attribute, and relate the object to that concentration of substance by the relation 'hasConstituentSubstance'. Each PhysicalSubstance is an abstraction representing the properties of aggregates composed of multiple small objects of a common type; the notion of a PhysicalSubstance includes any of the common 'substances' we encounter every day: water, air, sugar, salt, coffee (ground or as a drink), beer, meat, steel, plastic, etc., as well as less common substances such as ion plasma and groups of elementary particles. Every PhysicalSubstance has some basic unit which is the object which is the 'unit object' of that Substance, related to the Substance by 'hasUnitObject' relation. For chemical elements the 'unit object' is an atom; for chemical compounds, the molecule; for sand, one grain of sand, etc. For PhysicalSubstances that are composed of mixtures (e.g. concrete), the formal notion of a 'grain' is used, the 'grain' being the size of the smallest object composed of a substance, that can be subdivided so that the pieces are still objects composed of the same substance. The 'grain' should be large enough to exhibit the protoypical properties of that substance (density, color, composition). The 'grain' will in general be at least eight times the size of the 'unit' (allowing division in any of three planes) , but for mixtures the 'unit' may be difficult to identify, and the 'grain' will be the only object identifed as characterizing the PhysicalSubstance. For mixtures, the size of the grain will depend on the sizes and proportions of the constituent objects. Thus in concrete, the grain will have to be at least several times as large as the largest pebble of gravel used in the mixture. Some quantity of a PhysicalSubstance will comprise a HomogeneousObject; in Cyc substances are represented as objects, comparable in meaning to 'HomogeneousObject' in COSMO. The commonly understood properties of substances such as water are characteristic only of aggregates of the basic units (atoms, molecules, grains). To approximate the commonly measured properties (boiling point, melting point, density, etc.) the number of basic units may need to be fairly large; this will also vary with the substance. As of v0.80 this issue is not fully addressed. This concept must not be construed as a physical object made of some substance (which is the way substances are represented in Cyc - see CycNote below).. PhysicalObjects which are relatively homogeneous (the atmosphere, the ocean) can be construed as consisting of one or more PhysicalSubstances, but they are not substances per se, but specific quantities of a substance, which is one way to view a PhysicalObject. For generality in COSMO, a 'PhysicalSubstance' is the material of which anything with mass is composed, including quantities of subatomic particles that are contained in a certain region of space (such as a plasma in a Tokomak, or a group of electrons in a particle accelerator). However, the term is usually applied only to 'ordinary matter' (solid, liquid, gas); in those cases the unit is an atom or molecule, and the 'grain size' of any PhysicalSubstance that is 'ordinary matter' must contain at least 8 atoms or 8 molecules (so that it can be divided in two in any axis and still have multiple units in the resulting parts). NOTE: 'Energy' is also an instance of 'SubstanceType' (actually, of the subtype 'EnergyType') , but is not classified as a 'PhysicalSubstance'. Thus although each quantity of energy will have some equivalent mass, that mass need not be specified. The distinction between Energy and other things that serve as PhysicalSubstances may be useful IMPORTANT NOTE: PhysicalSubstances are categorized by the main consitutent. Therefore 'SeaWater' is considered as a subtype of 'Water'. The pure chemical substances can be represented when desirable by creating a 'Pure' category under the general heading (or, if functions are used, by using a '(Pure X)' function.) Thus we have a Type called 'PureWater'. Steel with iron as the majority constituent might be considered as a subtype of 'Iron'. COSMO note: Because substances are represented in COSMO as Types (classes) rather than instances, the specification of properties of substances gets involved, and the intended meanings cannot be specified fully without the use of FOL. As placeholders, some relations between substances are specified, and in OWL these will be interpreted as applying only to those specific Substances (Type that are instances of SubstanceType), while the intended meaning is that the relation applies not only to the particular Type but to all subtypes as well. The translation of the OWL ontology to FOL should carefully handle these placeholder relations to be sure they are translated properly. . The restriction on hasGrainDiameter for SubstanceTypes (which see) should require subclasses rather than instances of LengthMeasure - instances may have to be created as a workaround. (still not decided, v0.43). This representation solves some logical problems, but creates implementation problems in restricted logics such as OWL. COSMO uses relations such as 'hasComponentSubstance', which takes PhysicalSubstance types (instances of the metatype 'SubstanceType') as the 'range' restriction. There are also relations which have subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance' (instances of 'SubstanceType') as the domain restriction. This can be accommodated in OWL. However, in order to have restrictions apply to subtypes of types, the OWL restriction mechanism interprets the restriction as applying to instances of the type (OWL class). There are no instances of PhysicalSubstance types in COSMO, and the restriction is intended to apply to the subtypes, not to instances. Such restrictions on PhysicalSubstances will have to be interpreted by applications as meaning that the substance represented by the class has those properties. One way to solve the problem might be to create a metatype for each substance Type (i.e. for each of millions of substances), and have the restriction apply to the metatype - but this duplicates Types as metatypes, and is unworkable. COSMO leaves the proper implementation to the application, at least until it is converted in to an FOL version, where the proper interpretations can be specified by rules. CycNote: In Cyc, PhysicalSubstance's are not represented by a tree in the hierarchy, but are represented by types that are physical objects ('Partiallytangible') and also instances of 'ExistingStufType'. In effect, Cyc considers a 'substance' as the type consisting of all PhysicalObjects that are homogeneous (down to a certain granularity) and having a certain composition. This can be translated into the COSMO representation at the type and instance level, but the Cyc metatypes are not represented in COSMO. See 'HomogeneousObject' Cyc: 'ExistingStuffType' A collection of collections, and a specialization of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance of #$ExistingStuffType is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). (#$isa STUFFTYPE #$ExistingStuffType) implies both (i) for most instances STUFF of STUFFTYPE, for any proper physical part (see #$physicalParts) PART of STUFF, PART is also an instance of STUFFTYPE and (ii) for all instances STUFF of STUFFTYPE, for most proper physical parts PART of STUFF, PART is also an instance of STUFFTYPE. For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, #$Wood is an instance of #$ExistingStuffType. Other instances of #$ExistingStuffType include the collections #$AppleJuice, #$IceCream, #$Diamond, #$WaxedPaper, and #$StriatedMuscle. See the comment for #$StuffType to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: #$StuffType, #$ObjectType, #$ExistingStuffType, and #$PhysicalObjectType. The senses 1 and 2 of 'matter' in Random House Webster are conceptually the same as this type, where COSMO interprets sense 2 is the most generic 'matter' of which the instances of sense 1 are subtypes: 1. the substance or substances of which any physical object consists or is composed: the matter of which the earth is made. 2. physical or corporeal substance in general, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, esp. as distinguished from incorporeal substance, as spirit or mind, or from qualities, actions, and the like. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'substance' and sense 1 of 'stuff' and sense 1 of 'matter' and sense 1 of 'material' in WordNet. NOTE WN 'substance' sense 2 has no subtypes and is probably just improperly split from sense 1, which is indistinguishable, in that the subtypes of sense 1 are recognizable as stuff-like 'substances'. This may be due to the lack of clear distinction in WN between object (e.g. 'atom') and substances. NOTE however, 'substance' is not directly related to 'stuff' and 'stuff' is not related to 'matter' in WordNet, and 'matter' is not used typically as a synonym of 'substance' in ordinary speech. This difference in usage reflects a difference in the way 'substances' are conceived - as either some abstract stuff of which objects consist, or of the collections of all objects of that composition, as in Cyc. COSMO chooses the notion of an abstract 'stuff'. A noun like 'matter' which, if it were taken to have a collective reading as 'all physical objects, collectively' would thereby conform to the Cyc method of representing PhysicalSubstance, and would then consistently be reinterpreted in COSMO as the same concept as 'PhysicalSubstance'. in WordNet: WN 'substance': 2. (4) substance - (the stuff of which an object consists) WN 'stuff': 1. (6) material, stuff - (the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; 'coal is a hard black material'; 'wheat is the stuff they use to make bread') WN material: 1. (448) material, stuff - (the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; 'coal is a hard black material'; 'wheat is the stuff they use to make bread') WN 'matter': 1. (41) substance, matter - (that which has mass and occupies space; an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter')
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c PhysicalThing^c GenericSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Physical-Material^c hasDensityMeasure^op only MassDensityMeasure^c
Sub-classes	PlantProduct^c Essence^c RedSubstance^c Pyrogen^c Lubricant^c Denaturant^c Allergen^c Inhibitor^c AncientElement^c ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c ChemicalIntermediate^c FluorescentSubstance^c DarkMatter^c ExplosiveSubstance^c ConductingMedium^c IndicatorSubstance^c Propellant^c SubstanceDensity^c SyntheticSubstance^c ExistingStuffType^c CleaningSubstance^c InorganicMaterial^c ExcretionSubstance^c Additive^c ArtificialSubstance^c SubstanceRole^c Hydrocolloid^c ToxicSubstance^c Acid^c FinishingSubstance^c Disinfectant^c Solute^c SweetTastingSubstance^c SpongyStuff^c AgentiveSubstance^c PureSubstance^c ElectricalInsulator^c OpaqueSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c Humectant^c CombustibleSubstance^c Leaven^c VolatileSubstance^c MetalOrPlastic^c PlantMaterial^c ChemicallyBasicSubstance^c WaterSolubleStuff^c FinalChemicalProduct^c Inoculum^c Metabolite^c Antimatter^c InsulatingSubstance^c NaturalResourceSubstance^c Matter^c Ivory^c SubstanceVehicle^c Catalyst^c LowFatSubstance^c FractionalComponentSubstance^c Carcinogen^c Residue^c FoodOrDrink^c PhilosophersStone^c ColoringMaterial^c Preparation^c NaturalTangibleStuff^c BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c ClothOrPaper^c SolidifyingSubstance^c

PhysicalSynthesis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSynthesis`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$CreationEvents where two or more instances of #$PartiallyTangible are brought together to form an instance of #$PartiallyTangible, which is the #$outputsCreated. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'synthesize' in WordNet: 1. (3) synthesize, synthesise - (combine so as to form a more complex, product; 'his operas synthesize music and drama in perfect harmony')`
Super-classes	PhysicalCreationEvent^c Synthesis-Generic^c
Sub-classes	MultistepChemicalSynthesis^c ChemicalSynthesis^c

PhysicalTherapist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalTherapist`
Description	A health care worker whose job involves using the techniques of physical therapy to treat a condition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physical therapist' in WordNet: 1. (1) physical therapist, physiotherapist - (therapist who treats injury or dysfunction with exercises and other physical treatments of the disorder)`
Super-classes	MedicalCareProfessional^c MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value PhysicalTherapy^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value PhysicalTherapy^c

PhysicalTherapy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalTherapy`
Description	CYC: A form of therapy involving exercise, massage, heat, cold and electrical stimulation. #$PhysicalTherapy is usually for treatment of muscle, joint and associated tissue problems, as well as neurological ailments. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physical therapy' in WordNet: 1. physical therapy, physiotherapy, physiatrics - (therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities)`
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value PhysicalTherapist^c

PhysicalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalThing`
Description	A 'PhysicalThing' is a supertype of both PhysicalObjects and PhysicalSubstances and Events (SituationProcessStateOrEvent'), things that are located in the physical universe. This is an abstraction included to provide a match for WordNet 'Physical Entity'. It can be useful to refer to PhysicalObjects and PhysicalSubstances in a single relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Physical Entity' in WordNet: 1. physical entity - (an entity that has physical existence)`
Super-classes	Individual^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalObject^c OdoriferousThing^c PhysicalSubstance^c SituationProcessEventOrState^c

PhysicalTorture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalTorture`
Description	''PhysicalTorture'' is the intentional causing of ''ExcruciatingPain'' - usually to elicit information, or as a punishment, but possibly only as an act of cruelty. NOTE: this is for the Physical kind of torture - the CYC entry seems to include psychological torture, but that is not included in this type. CYC 'Torture': A collection of events. In an instance of #$Torture, an #$perpetrator intentionally inflicts physical or psychological distress on a #$Person or #$NonPersonAnimal in the #$perpetrator's control, either for pleasure or to get them to do something they would ordinarily be unwilling to do, especially give the #$perpetrator some information. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'torture' in WordNet: 2. (1) torture, excruciate, torment - (subject to torture; 'The sinners will be tormented in Hell, according to the Bible')
Super-classes	PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c HumanActivity^c ViolentAction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ExcruciatingPain^c
Sub-classes	Crucifying^c

PhysicalTrace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalTrace`
Description	A PhysicalTrace is a Trace consisting of one or more PhysicalObjects or Features of PhysicalObjects, that provide evidence regarding one or more states of some Event or FunctionalProcess. Footprints in the mud are a PhysicalTrace; a trail of blood at a crime scene is a PhysicalTrace. `Corresponds approximately to non sense 2 of 'trace' in WordNet: 2. (2) trace, vestige, tincture, shadow - (an indication that something has been present; 'there wasn't a trace of evidence for the claim'; 'a tincture of condescension')`
Super-classes	SignObject^c Trace^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalEvidence^c ProbatoryEvidence^c TraceMark^c

PhysicalTraining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalTraining`
Description	''PhysicalTraining'' is a ''Training'' in which a Person performs some bodily movements repetitively, with or without coaching assistance from another Person, in order to strengthen muscles and improve muscular coordination so as to be able to perform body movements that an average person cannot do as well, as quickly, or as smoothly. This can be for athletic movements requiring strength or endurance (e.g. sports competition), or for acrobatic (tumbling) or artistic (ballet) movements requiring balance and/or precision. This is from the perspective of the person being trained, and if there is assitance from an ''AthleticCoach'' that assistance action would be a subevent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'training' in WordNet: 1. (71) training, preparation, grooming - (activity leading to skilled behavior)`
Super-classes	Training^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some NonHumanAnimal^c

PhysicalTransformationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalTransformationEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$PhysicalCreationEvent. In each instance of #$PhysicalTransformationEvent at least one thing ceases to exist and at least one thing comes into existence (and usually at least some portion of the thing(s) destroyed becomes incorporated into the thing(s) created). An important specialization of this collection is #$PhysicalTransformationProcess, the collection of #$PhysicalTransformationEvents that are also instances of #$TemporalStuffType. See also the predicate #$transformedInto. This is the sense used for 'turn into' (something else). NOTE: the differences between this type and ''ProcessingSomething'' are that ''ProcessingSomething'' can use abstract as well as physical inputs (e.g. Information), and ''ProcessingSomething'' is performed by a ''Device''. So this type is more general in one respect, and more specific in another respect. Neither is a subtype of the other. Corresponds most closely to part of verb sense 2 of 'turn' in Wordnet and includes part of sense 1 of 'transformation' and verb sense 2 of 'transform' and verb senses 1 and 11 (transitive and intransitive) of 'convert': in WordNet: 2. (660) become, turn - (undergo a change or development; 'The water turned into ice'; 'Her former friend became her worst enemy'; 'He turned traitor') WN noun 'transformation': 1. (4) transformation, transmutation, shift - (a qualitative change) WN verb 'convert': 1. (19) convert - (change the nature, purpose, or function of something; 'convert lead into gold'; 'convert hotels into jails'; 'convert slaves to laborers') 11. convert - (change in nature, purpose, or function; undergo a chemical change; 'The substance converts to an acid') WN noun 'conversion': 1. (9) conversion, transition, changeover - (an event that results in a transformation) WN noun 'transmutation': 2. (1) transformation, transmutation, shift - (a qualitative change) 3. transmutation - ((physics) the change of one chemical element into another (as by nuclear decay or radioactive bombardment); 'the transmutation of base metals into gold proved to be impossible')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c InternalChange^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Transubstantiation^c Oxidation^c PolishingSomething^c EnergyConversionProcess^c PreparingFoodOrDrink^c Meteor^c Homogenizing^c Transforming^c DeteriorationEvent^c SandingSomething^c Metamorphosis^c CompostingEvent^c Softening^c StateChange^c ChemicalEvent^c

PhysicalUnderpinning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalUnderpinning`
Description	A ''PhysicalUnderpinning'' is a ''BaseOfObject'' for which the 'object' is an ''ArtifactObject''. The thing needing underpinning need not be large, but this is used most often in this sense for the ''StructureFoundation'' of ''ConstructionArtifact''. `MWD noun 'underpinning': the material and construction (as a foundation) used for support of a structure No sense in WN for noun 'underpinning'.`
Super-classes	BaseOfObject^c
Restrictions	supports^op value ArtifactObject^c performsAction^op value UnderpinningAnObject^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	StructureFoundation^c

PhysicalWeb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalWeb`
Description	A physical 'Network' of 'LongAndThin' objects crisscrossing to form a mesh pattern. `NOte: WN 'web' has physical object as parent though the gloss example (shadows) is not a physical object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'web' in WordNet: 1. (1) web - (an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interweaving; 'the trees cast a delicate web of shadows over the lawn')`
Super-classes	Network^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value LongAndThinThing^c
Sub-classes	SpiderWeb^c Mesh^c

PhysicallyBalanced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicallyBalanced

Description

''PhysicallyBalanced'' is an attribute of PhysicalObjects that can teeter or fall down under gravity if the mass distribution is not roughy equal around the center of gravity and the base has sufficient width.

        Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'balanced' in Wordnet
           (being in physical equilibrium):
          1. (12) balanced - (being in a state of proper balance or equilibrium;
            'the carefully balanced seesaw'; 'a properly balanced symphony orchestra'; 
            'a balanced assessment of intellectual and cultural history'; 
            'a balanced blend of whiskeys'; 
            'the educated man shows a balanced development of all his powers')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

PhysicallyFit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicallyFit`
Description	''PhysicallyFit'' is a subtype of ''Strong'' indicating that an animal (usually a Person) has good overall muscular strength and good stamina as well.. `This is the attribute of a Person performing (the state of) ''PhysicalFitness''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'fit' in WordNet: 3. (3) fit, healthy - (physically and mentally sound or healthy; 'felt relaxed and fit after their holiday'; 'keeps fit with diet and exercise')`
Super-classes	Healthy^c Strong^c
Sub-classes	Stalwart^c

PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent`
Description	COSMO note: this is broader than the CYC 'PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent' in allowing the ''GenericAgent'' that performs the harming Action to be a natural force such as fire, earthquake, flood or landslide. NOTE: for Actions by one agent that are harmful to the Agent performing the action,use ''HarmfulAction''. CYC:A specialization of #$AttackOnTangible and #$ViolentAction. Each instance of this collection is an event in which one #$Agent (or a small group of #$Agents) physically attacks another #$Agent (or small group of #$Agents.) Such attacks often (but not always) result in an instance of #$HarmingAnAgent. Notable specializations of this collection include #$Charging-Rushing, #$HittingAnOpponent, and #$SexualAssault. #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent events are also sub-events of each instance of #$Fight-Physical and #$Battle.
Super-classes	HarmingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	KickingAnOpponent^c HittingAnOpponent^c PunchingSomeone^c CausingIllHealth^c Bruising^c Charging-Rushing^c Assault^c Killing^c Execution-Judicial^c PoisoningAnOrganism^c PhysicalTorture^c Injuring^c

PhysicallyInsecure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicallyInsecure`
Description	''PhysicallyInsecure'' is the attribute of ''PhysicalObject''s that are intended to remain in a specific location or orientation (relative to the ground or another object) but have some property that makes it less likely than is desirable to remain in that position. A ladder that is not firmly secured to avoid toppling is one example - more specifically represenedby subattribute ''Unsteady''.. `Includes adjective sense 1 of 'insecure' and sense 2 of 'unstrady' in Wordnet: 1. insecure - (not firm or firmly fixed; likely to fail or give way; 'the hinge is insecure')`
Super-classes	Unstable^c
Sub-classes	Unsteady^c

PhysicallyPossible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicallyPossible

Description

PhysicallyPossible is an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that could be true in the known world, i.e. does not violate logical constraints or the known laws of physics.

   @ToDo: this needs more logical elaboration.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'possible' in WordNet and
    includes adverb sense 1 of 'possibly': in WordNet:
     1. (141) possible - (capable of happening or existing; 
        'a breakthrough may be possible next year'; 'anything is possible';
        'warned of possible consequences')

Super-classes Possible^c

Physicist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Physicist`
Description	A Physicist is a Scientist who does research in Physics. `Coresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'physicist' in WordNet: 1. (8) physicist - (a scientist trained in physics)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Physics^c
Sub-classes	NuclearPhysicist^c Astrophysicist^c Cosmologist^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Einstein

Physics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Physics`
Description	the science concerned with studying the structure of matter and the manner in which energy is transformed, or affects matter. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physics' in WordNet: 1. (10) physics, physical science, natural philosophy - (the science of matter and energy and their interactions)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Physicist^c
Sub-classes	Astrophysics^c Acoustics^c Astronomy^c Electromagnetism^c Mechanics^c Electronics^c ParticlePhysics^c Optics^c

Physiological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Physiological

Description

         Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'physiological' in Wordnet:
           1. (14) physiological - (of or relating to the biological study of physiology;
             'physiological psychology'; 'Pavlov's physiological theories')
          2. physiologic, physiological - (of or consistent with an organism's 
              normal functioning; 'physiologic functions'; 'physiological processes')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PhysiologicalCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysiologicalCondition`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' is coms1dered as 'Abnormal'' in the sense that it is not the condition of most organisms of that type. Normal healthy conditions are classified under ''NormalOrganismCondition''. This category in COSMO is used to refer to an atypical condition of any organism. Cyc: A specialization of #$SystemCondition. Each instance of #$PhysiologicalCondition involves an #$Organism-Whole being in some physiological state that is not typical for that organism's species, modulo considerations about the organism's sex or (in some cases) subspecies. Thus #$Menstruating, though not typical among all persons, is part of being a healthy adult female, and so is not a specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition (though it is a type of #$PhysiologicalProcess); #$Pregnancy, on the other hand, is a specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition. Note that some but not all #$PhysiologicalConditions are events; but they are all #$Situations. Thus each physiological condition has a temporal start and end, though in some cases (e.g. dwarfism) these will be the same as the start and end of the life of the organism. @ToDo: 'good condition' as used in exercise - to be 'in condition' should be a subtype of this. As with the parent 'SystemCondition', this sense may be referred to linguistically simply as 'condition' - 'what condition is he in?' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physiological condition' in WordNet: 1. physiological state, physiological condition - (the state of the body or bodily functions)
Super-classes	AbnormalCondition^c OrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Organism^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Physiological^c
Sub-classes	RunnyNose^c CongenitalCondition^c Halitosis^c Hyperpigmentation^c Drowsiness^c Blockage^c Erection^c Pregnancy^c Lightheadedness^c Hangover^c Anesthesia^c LifeThreateningCondition^c ChronicCondition^c UpsetCondition^c Disease^c ElectricalShock^c AilmentImmunity^c Arrhythmia^c Sunburn^c Inebriation^c MentalDistress^c UnconsciousnessOrSleeping^c Amnesia^c Itch^c Weariness^c Shock-PhysiologicalCondition^c Constipation^c Allergy^c PainOrAche^c SexualArousal^c Estrus^c HighBodyTemperature^c StateOfUnconsciousness^c

PhysiologicalConditionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysiologicalConditionType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of PhysiologicalCondition as one of their arguments. NOTE that illness (sickness, disease, ailment) is a subtype of PhysiologicalCondition, and this metatype can be used for relations on types of illness. `NOTE that a 'PhysiologicalConditionType' is a subtype of 'ActionType' because it is 'performed' by an Agent, which is an Organism.`
Super-classes	ActionType^c ConditionType^c
Sub-classes	AilmentType^c FeelingType^c IllnessType^c
Members	PhysiologicalCondition Palpitation Immunodeficiency MentalDistress Estrus TeethingPain Wistfulness Earache Anorexia HighBodyTemperature Hiccup Diabetes Hangover ManicDepression Pouting EatingDisorder NeurologicalDisease EpilepticSeizure ChronicCondition Longing Anoxia Phobia VitalSign LosingHair Oversleeping DailySleep Epidemic Epilepsy Languishing SeizureAilment Infertility GallStoneCondition AilmentCondition MigraineHeadache RespiratoryAilment Living Anger ThrashingAbout Menopause BeingUpset Toothache CongenitalCondition Coveting Hypoglycemia Paraplegia Syndrome Pneumoconiosis Unhappiness GeneticDisease Gout Dissatisfaction BrainDisease Heartburn Conjunctivitis Paralysis NormalOrganismCondition Dizziness Addiction Trauma BloodPressure Goiter Paranoia Deafness SpinalAnesthesia Lupus Cyst-Condition ColonCancer Gastroenteritis Rickets GoodMood AbnormalBodyCondition REMsleep Outrage Anesthesia Sorrow Melancholy AilmentAffliction LifeThreateningCondition Gloominess Sanitariness InjuryCondition Erection SpeechDisorder AnimalDisease Insomnia FeelingOfMissingSomething Fretting Health Xenophobia PsychologicalAilment Convulsing Osteoporosis Ache FacialTic Dyslexia Neuropathy Alcoholism Sciatica BeingDead NonHumanAnimalDisease Anguish GeneticDisorder RegionalAnesthesia Diverticulitis Atherosclerosis DiseaseGroup DietaryDeficiencyCondition Sadness Malnutrition Avitaminosis SharpPain Allergy Sclerosis Rash Frenzy AnxietyDisorder FeelingOfInsecurity FinancialStatus Ego Suntan SanitaryCondition Sunburn TerminalIllness Hyperpigmentation Erythema Pang Frostbite HypnoticTrance PeevedMood Tonsillitis Irritation Disease Twitching BodyPartDysfunction Sinusitis DeficiencyDisease Fecundity ArterioSclerosis BeingCrossEyed Colic PulseRate UnconsciousnessOrSleeping Nap Cataracts AtrialFibrillation Shivering BirthDefect Catatonia GlandularDisease EyeDisease Cramping Acrophobia LocalAnesthesia Anxiety Numbness Huff AbnormalCondition HeartAttack Worry Arrhythmia MetabolicDisorder RunnyNose Hypertension Hernia Pregnancy Dozing Schizophrenia Headache Inebriation Glaucoma Autism Annoyance Thalassemia Lightheadedness Regret Angst CountryLife GastrointestinalDisorder Jaundice PainOrAche GeneralAnesthesia Dementia Healthiness SkinDisease Spasm ExcruciatingPain SleepDisorder Neuralgia ChronicPain Backache AffectiveDisorder Misery Scabies Craving Melanoma GeneticCondition BreastCancer Hygiene UpsetCondition Sting Halitosis Erythroderma HighBloodPressure Itch Claustrophobia SleepingEvent Stutter ContagiousDisease Acne Constipation Tularemia ElectricalShock Discontent Psychosis OrganismCondition AilmentImmunity ClinicalDepression Stomachache PandemicDisease Fertility SelfLimitingDisease Mania Trembling Hypothyroidism HavingBloodyStools BurningPain Compulsion Coma BadMood Zoonosis Siesta Trance Unconsciousness Dehydration SkinCancer Consciousness InguinalHernia Scurvy

PhysiologicalEffect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysiologicalEffect`
Description	A ''PhysiologicalEffect'' is an 'Effect'' on the Physiological functions of some Organism.
Super-classes	Effect^c PhysiologicalProcess^c Result^c
Sub-classes	ImmuneResponse^c InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess^c DrugSideEffect^c

PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface`
Description	This collection includes things like injuries, blemishes, and freckles. Features are part of an organism's surface parts.
Super-classes	BiologicalLivingObject^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c PhysicalFeature^c AnimalBodyRegion^c
Sub-classes	Scar^c FacialHair^c Freckle^c HairOnHead^c Blister^c Whiskers^c NoHairOnHead^c

PhysiologicalFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysiologicalFunction`
Description	CYC: The collection of those #$PhysiologicalProcesses that serve some end for their doers, which may be cells, tissues, or whole organisms; for example, #$Photosynthesis-Plant.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c FunctionalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Physiological^c
Sub-classes	Wheezing^c AirRespiration^c BloodCoagulation^c HeartBeat^c

PhysiologicalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysiologicalProcess`
Description	A ''PhysiologicalProcess'' is any of the many types of activity that occur characteristically in Organisms, usually involving some types of bichemical reaction or interaction of ''BiochemicalCompound''s with each other or parts of the organism (such as binding to membranes, transport across membranes, stimulating or suppressing nerotransmission, anabolism or catabolism, muscular actions, production or secretions of substances, or neural processes causing muscular or other physiological effects, among many others). This is the generic Action that occurs in an Organism and has a subEvent of ''BiochemicalReaction'' because every ''PhysiologicalProcess'' including motion involves some biochemical events, and can (in principle) be inhibited by an ''Inhibitor''. CYC: The collection of events in which an organism does (typically unconsciously) some process which involves alteration of that agent's physiological state. A #$PhysiologicalProcess is normally one that is done by organisms (or parts of organisms) in the course of living. A large subcollection of #$PhysiologicalProcess is #$BodilyFunctionEvent, including its subcollections #$Respiration, #$DigestingInStomach, and #$Heartbeating. (Compare this collection with #$PhysiologicalCondition, whose instances are more episodic than process-like.) NOTE that, unlike 'BiologicalEvent', a 'PhysiologicalProcess' does not have to be performed by a whole organism, but can be performed by part of an organism, such as an organ. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biological process' in WordNet: 1. organic process, biological process - (a process occurring in living organisms)
Super-classes	BiologicalEvent^c AnimateActivity^c Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Physiological^c hasSubEvent^op value BiochemicalReaction^c
Sub-classes	HealingEvent^c LosingHair^c PhysiologicalFunction^c Defecating^c Aging^c Neurotransmission^c BloodFlow^c AfflictingWithAnAilment^c Urinating^c Ovulating^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c ProteinSynthesis^c PlantOrganicProcess^c Nutrition^c PhysiologicalEffect^c Ejaculating^c VitalSign^c NeuralProcess^c OnsetOfAnAilment^c OnePulse^c AssimilationOfFood^c Photosynthesis^c Menopause^c CellDivision^c Metamorphosis^c

PhysiologicalSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysiologicalSystem`
Description	A ''PhysiologicalSystem'' is a ''FunctionalSystm'' consistin of conneced partsf the body that work together to perform some function in an ''Organism'' `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'system' in WordNet: 5. (61) system - (a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; 'the body has a system of organs for digestion')`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c FunctionalSystem^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Physiological^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	NervousSystem^c ImmuneSystem^c CardiovascularSystem^c BodyTract^c

Physiologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Physiologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physiologist' in WordNet: 1. physiologist - (a biologist specializing in physiology)`
Super-classes	Person^c Biologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Physiology^c

Physiology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Physiology`
Description	''Physiology'' is a branch of ''Biology'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physiology' in WordNet: 1. (1) physiology - (the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms)`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Sub-classes	Kinesiology^c

Pianist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pianist`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who play the piano. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pianist' in WordNet: 1. (5) pianist, piano player - (a person who plays the piano)`
Super-classes	MusicalInstrumentPlayer^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value PlayingaPiano^c performsAction^op value PlayingaPiano^c

Piano^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Piano`
Description	COSMO note: this is a traditional piano giving notes from hammers striking strings - the electronic keyboard is a different type. Called 'Piano-Acoustic' in Cyc. Cyc: Instances of this collection are instances of #$MusicalInstrument-Acoustic and #$Keyboard-MusicalInstrument. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of #$PercussionInstrument. A similar process occurs in instances of #$Harpsichord, with the signal difference being that in a #$Harpsichord, the strings are plucked, not hit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piano' in WordNet: 1. (10) piano, pianoforte, forte-piano - (a stringed instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike tuned strings and produce sounds)
Super-classes	FurniturePiece^c ManufacturedGoods^c PercussionInstrument^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PianoKeyboard^c

PianoKey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PianoKey`
Description	A ''PianoKey'' is a part of the 'keyboard' of a Piano that can be 'pressed' to cause the Piano to sound a note. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'key' (which seems to refer only to typewriter or typesetting keys) in WordNet: 15. key - (a lever that actuates a mechanism when depressed)`
Super-classes	DeviceKey^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Piano^c hasDesignFunction^op value PressingWithaFinger^c enablesOrAssists^op value PlayingaPiano^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Keyboard-Generic^c

PianoKeyboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PianoKeyboard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piano keyboard' in WordNet: 1. piano keyboard, fingerboard, clavier - (a bank of keys on a musical instrument)`
Super-classes	Keyboard-Generic^c

PiciformBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PiciformBird`
Description	WN category. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piciform bird' in WordNet: 1. piciform bird - (any of numerous nonpasserine insectivorous climbing birds usually having strong bills for boring wood)`
Super-classes	Insectivore^c Bird^c
Sub-classes	Toucan^c

PickAxe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PickAxe

Description

CYC: The collection of hafted #$HandTools called picks or pickaxes used for breaking hard materials like rock or hard-packed soil. A pick is comprised of a long (often wooden) handle and a pair of heavy blades that come to a somewhat blunt point or short line segment.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pickaxe' in WordNet:
          1. pick, pickax, pickaxe - (a heavy iron tool
             with a wooden handle and a curved head that
             is pointed on both ends; 'they used picks and sledges to break the rocks')

Super-classes HandTool^c
HardwareTool^c

PicketFence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PicketFence

Description

A fence constructed from a series of vertical wooden slats with gaps between them.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picket fence' in WordNet:
          1. picket fence, paling - (a fence made of upright pickets)

Super-classes Fence^c

Picketing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Picketing

Description

Marching in front of something holding signs in order to persuade others not to support it.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picket' in WordNet:
          1. (1) picket - (serve as pickets or post pickets; 
             'picket a business to protest the layoffs')

Super-classes ProtestingaPolicy^c
Interfering^c

Picking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Picking

Description

Each 'Picking' is an instance of SelectingAmong where the agent opts for one Object out of a set of two or more possible Objects (or Attributes - one can pick a color) that are open to him/her. The Object chosen may be one that the agent decides to buy, to take physically, to attempt to obtain, to destroy (picking a target), or even to answer a question ('which one do you think is best?'); it may also be a path to go down. In the case of an order or recommendation, the object picked by one person may be one that is the subject of another agent's subsequent actions. This subtype of 'Choosing' is one that is distinct from Deciding on a course of action - but it is not disjoint because an act of Picking an Objecgt may also simultaneously include Deciding on a course of Action; but to be an instance of this type, it is necessary that some Object or attribute be the object of the Choosing.. In general, Picking an Object will often (but not always) imply taking some course of Action, and an instance of SelectingAmong may include both Picking and Deciding. For example, picking a target to destroy may be at the same time a Picking the Target, and Deciding when and how to destroy it, as in a gunfight. LIkewise choosing a path to walk can be simultaneously Picking (the physical path) and Deciding (to walk in that direction). But one agent may pick a target for another agent to destroy, so these do not have to occur in the same act of 'SelectingAmong'.

      For specifically Choosing an Action to perform use 'Deciding'.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pick' and sense 1 of 'select',
         and noun sense 1 of 'selection' in WordNet:
         1. (14) pick - (select carefully from a group;
         'She finally picked her successor'; 'He picked his way carefully')
       WN 'selection'
          1. (13) choice, selection, option, pick - (the act of choosing or selecting;
          'your choice of colors was unfortunate'; 'you can take your pick')
        WN 'select':
          1. (59) choose, take, select, pick out - (pick out, select, or choose 
             from a number of alternatives; 'Take any one of these cards'; 
             'Choose a good husband for your daughter'; 'She selected a pair of 
             shoes from among the dozen the salesgirl had shown her')

Super-classes Judging^c
SelectingAmong^c

Pickle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pickle`
Description	A ''PickledFoodObject'' derived from cucumbers. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'pickle' in WordNet: 1. (1) pickle -(vegetables (especially cucumbers) preserved in brine or vinegar)`
Super-classes	PickledFoodObject^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Cucumber^c

Pickled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pickled`
Description	`@ToDo: NOTE: need a 'pickling' process to fill in meaning. in WordNet: 1. pickled - ((used of foods) preserved in a pickling liquid)`
Super-classes	TasteAttribute^c

PickledFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PickledFood`
Description	CYC 'PickledFood': This is the collection of pickles in the broad sense, that is, any food that has been pickled. Because the process of pickllng infuses the pickled object with salt, pickled objects and substances retain a 'salty' taste (are ''SaltyTasting''). `NOTE: this is for''Food'' substances. A ''Pickle' is a ''PickledFoodObject''.`
Super-classes	Food^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pickled^c hasTaste^op value SaltyTasting^c
Sub-classes	Sauerkraut^c

PickledFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PickledFoodObject`
Description	CYC 'PickledFood': This is the collection of pickles in the broad sense, that is, any food that has been pickled. `NOTE: this is a FoodObject,not a ''Food'' substance, and not just pickles. For a pickle, use ''Pickle''..`
Super-classes	FoodObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value PickledFood^c hasTaste^op value SaltyTasting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pickled^c
Sub-classes	Pickle^c

Pickling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pickling`
Description	'Pickling'' is an ''Infusing'' of some Organic object (usually food, possibly part of an organism) in a `NOTE: WN has this as a subtype of 'preserving'. The pickling of foods may have a different purpose than just 'preserving', as it changes the taste and internal composition. Perhaps pickling for preserving could be a subtype? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pickle' in WordNet: 1. pickle - (preserve in a pickling liquid) WN verb 'brine': 1. brine - (soak in brine)`
Super-classes	Steeping^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value OrganicMaterialObject^c uses^op value Brine^c

PickupTruck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PickupTruck

Description

A ''PickupTruck'' is a small light Truck with an open body behind the cab (which can be closed in with a proper added attachment). Used for haulingligh loads too big for a car or van.

        CYC: A fuel-burning mechanical device which is a
        conveyance, a kind of truck, usually with an open back for
        light hauling, etc.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pickup' in WordNet:
          1. (2) pickup, pickup truck - (a light truck with an open body 
          and low sides and a tailboard)

Super-classes Truck^c

Picnic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Picnic`
Description	A ''Pinic'' is an ''Outing'' to some ''OutdoorLocation'' where a ''PicnicMeal'' is eaten. The ''PicnicMeal'' may be all prepared before starting the trip, but there may also be some cooking done at the picnic site, over a glrill or an open fire. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'picnic' in WordNet: 1. (1) picnic - (eat alfresco, in the open air; 'We picnicked near the lake on this gorgeous Sunday') WN noun 'picnic': 1. (2) field day, outing, picnic - (a day devoted to an outdoor social gathering)`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Outing^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op only Outdoors^c isPerformedBy^op only IntentionalAgent^c hadConsumedObject^op value PicnicMeal^c

PicnicMeal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PicnicMeal

Description

A ''PicnicMeal'' is a ''Meal'' eaten at a 'Picnic'', all or most of which may be prepared before leaving the house..

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'picnic' in WordNet:
          3. picnic - (any informal meal eaten outside or on an excursion)

Super-classes Meal^c

PicnicTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PicnicTable`
Description	A ''PicnicTable' is a ''Table-Furniture'' located at an ''OutdoorLocation'' and intended to be used for a ''Picnic'' or other informal meal.
Super-classes	Table-Furniture^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Picnic^c isLocatedAt^op value OutdoorLocation^c

Pictograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pictograph`
Description	A ''Pictograph'' is an ''Ideogram'' (a ''WritingSymbol'') that may represent a particular word or sound in a linguistic writing system (as in Chinese characters or hieroglyphs), rather than an 'idea' that can be used in any writing system. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pictograph' in WordNet: 1. pictograph - (a graphic character used in picture writing)`
Super-classes	Ideogram^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WritingInHieroglyphs^c
Sub-classes	ChineseCharacter^c Hieroglyph^c

Pictographic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pictographic

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pictographic' in Wordnet:
       1. pictographic - (consisting of or characterized by the use of pictographs; 
        'a pictographic script'; 'pictographic stage in the development of writing')

Super-classes Ideographic^c

Picture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Picture`
Description	A PhysicalObject containing a two-dimensional image that was created on a flat surface either by applying pigments to the surface (painting, crawing, printing), or by using a photographic process of some kind. A ''Picture'' can be a sheet with an image, or can be an object with a frame that holds the Picture, either being a subtype of ''Picture''. This is the PhysicalObject; each will have some corresponding 'AbstractImage'. The 'AbstractImage' is necessary so that two peo0ple who saw different copies of the same image can say that they saw the same picture (i.e., some physical representation of the same AbstractImage), without creating a logical contradiction. The restriction requires that for each 'Picture' some representation of the 'AbstractImage' must be represented. This seems duplicative, but will be useful for practical applications, and can be easily acommodated. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'picture' in WordNet; for the more specific types, use 'Painting' or 'Photograph': in WordNet: 1. (27) picture, image, icon, ikon - (a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; 'they showed us the pictures of their wedding'; 'a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them') 2. (24) painting, picture - (graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface; 'a small painting by Picasso'; 'he bought the painting as an investment'; 'his pictures hang in the Louvre')
Super-classes	SolidObject^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c StillImage^c PhysicalImage^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value AbstractImage^c
Sub-classes	Painting^c Sketch^c Mural^c StageScenery^c LanternSlide^c LineDrawing^c Transparency^c Photograph^c Print^c

PictureBook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PictureBook`
Description	Each ''PictureBook'' is a ''Book-Physical'' in which most of the area of most of the pages are pictures or illustrations.. These used to be used mostly for children, but adult pctre books (e.g. 'graphic novels') are becoming more accepted. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picture book' in WordNet: 1. (1) picture book - (a book consisting chiefly of pictures)`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op some Picture^c

PictureFrame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PictureFrame`
Description	A frame in any planar shape designed to hold a flat ''Picture'' printed on a sheet of some material. Generic for a holder of flat objects for display. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picture frame' in WordNet: 1. (1) picture frame - (a framework in which a picture is mounted)`
Super-classes	PlanarObject^c Frame^c FurniturePart^c Holder^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c isDesignedToHold^op value Picture^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op value FramingaPicture^c isDesignedToContain^op value Picture^c
Sub-classes	RectangularPictureFrame^c

PictureHook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PictureHook`
Description	Any of various sorts of ''Hook' which is used to hang Pictures flat against a wall.
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c SupportingObject^c Hanger^c Hook^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op value Wall^c supports^op value Picture^c

PictureWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PictureWire`
Description	Any type of ''Wire'' (Metal, plastic) that is used to support a Picture, usually by supporting it from a ''PictureHook''.
Super-classes	Wire^c
Restrictions	isSupportedBy^op value PictureHook^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Picture^c

Picturesque^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Picturesque

Description

''Picturesque'' is a subattribute of ''EstheticallyPleasing'' characterizing Objects or scenes that are so pleasant to view that they might cause an urge to take a picture.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'picturesque' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) picturesque - (suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture; 
             'a picturesque village')

Super-classes EstheticallyPleasing^c

Pie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pie`
Description	A baked pastry shell containing a filling of fruit, meat, or pudding. Each Pie is an instance of 'ContainerAndContents', the lower crust being the container and the filling being the contents. A Pie is typically disk-shaped, but not always. `NOTE that a 'pot pie' does not necessarily have a LowerCrust, and therefore is not a subtype of 'Pie' in this sense. This type is only for Pies with a LowerCrust - for other types of 'pie', other representations must be created. This is one whole pie, an object, not a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pie' in WordNet: 1. (2) pie - (dish baked in pastry-lined pan often with a pastry top)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c BakedFoodObject^c DessertFood^c PreparedFood^c ContainerAndContents^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value PieFilling^c hasContainer^op value LowerCrust^c
Sub-classes	CherryPie^c CreamPie^c PumpkinPie^c ApplePie^c Tart^c

PieChart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieChart`
Description	A circular ''GraphicalIllustration'' depicting proportions of some aggregate that are of a particular type, using a circle divided into pie-slice-shaped segments radiating from the center, in which the relative quantities of the component entities of the aggregate are represented as the sizes of the segments, in propoportion to the angles subtended at the center for each segment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pie chart' in Wordnet: 1. pie chart - (a circular chart divided into triangular areas proportional to the percentages of the whole)`
Super-classes	GraphicalIllustration^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Circular^c hasShape^op value Circular^c

PieCrust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieCrust`
Description	The baked dough which forms the crust of a Pie. Each Pie has at least a lower crust, and may have an upper crust;the two types of Crust are separate objects. The LowerCrust and UpperCrust are considered separate objects: the LowerCrust is a container which holds the contents.
Super-classes	BakedFoodObject^c DessertFood^c Crust^c PreparedFood^c ContainerArtifact^c SolidFoodArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Pie^c
Sub-classes	UpperCrust^c LowerCrust^c

PieFilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieFilling`
Description	The Food substance that fills the LowerCrust of a Pie. There are many types, each of which characterizes a different type of Pie. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'filling' in WordNet: 4. filling - (a food mixture used to fill pastry or sandwiches etc.)`
Super-classes	Food^c Filling^c
Sub-classes	ApplePieFilling^c CherryPieFilling^c

PieceOfAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfAnObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject which is or was a piece of some larger, usually homogeneous object that can be subdivided at some arbitrary point or line or plane, leaving other pieces of the same type of Object. The larger object can be somewhat inhomogeneous (e.g. a pie), but at the level at which it is divided into 'pieces', the composition of each piece should mimic the whole, so at this granualrity it is 'homogeneous'. However, this should not be used for distinguishable parts of objects that have natural connection points to the whole - as in engineering components or body parts `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'piece' in WordNet: 1. (25) piece - (a separate part of a whole; 'an important piece of the evidence')`
Super-classes	HomogeneousSolidObject^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c)
Sub-classes	Hunk^c SliceOfSomething^c Shred^c Crumb^c PieceOfWood^c Fragment^c

PieceOfChocolate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfChocolate`
Description	A solid DessertFood consisting mostly of Chocolate. Pieces of chocolate are one of the most popular DessertFoods. This is for relatively homogeneous chocolate; 'chocolates' with filling in them (such as cream or nuts) would be the parent 'ChocolateBonBon'. `No WordNet sense seems to apply to this type of object.`
Super-classes	HomogeneousSolidObject^c ChocolateBonBon^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Chocolate^c

PieceOfCloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfCloth`
Description	COSMO-ToDo Cloth was an Object in OpenCyc, and that concept has been replaced by this concept 'PieceOfCloth', leaving 'Cloth' as a Substance. NOTE: it is intended that a 'PieceOfCloth' should be one piece, tough that piece may be several original pieces that appear cotinuous only because it is sewn into one. The essence is for the whole thing to move as one piece when one part is held and carried. For cloth objects that are not continuous in one piece, use parent ''FabricObject. Cyc comment: #$Cloth is a specialization of #$TextileArtifact. Each instance of #$Cloth is a piece of textile sheet woven or knitted or pressed out of fibers. Instances of #$Cloth are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of such things as clothing items, towels, sails for sailing craft, parachutes, and draperies. "FabricObject" WordNet does not distinguish between 'cloth' as a substance and a piece of cloth. This concept is a piece of cloth, part of the WordNet entry: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cloth' in Wordnet: 1. (16) fabric, cloth, material, textile - (artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; 'the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent'; 'woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC'; 'she measured off enough material for a dress')
Super-classes	HomogeneousSolidObject^c TextileArtifact^c Surface-Open^c ArtifactObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c FabricObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c LimpObject^c
Restrictions	partsHaveTypeInCommon^op value Cloth^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foldable^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c
Sub-classes	BedSheet^c Neckerchief^c TableCloth^c ClothNapkin^c ClothingLining^c BedLinen^c BoltOfCloth^c Scarf^c ClothTowel^c SoiledClothObject^c DishCloth^c Drygoods^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsWeddingSuit

PieceOfDimensionalLumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfDimensionalLumber`
Description	A piece of dimensional lumber, such as a 2 x 4.
Super-classes	HomogeneousSolidObject^c ConvexTangibleObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value RectangularParallelepiped^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Lumber^c hasShape^op value RectangularParallelepipedLike^c
Sub-classes	WoodframeStud^c

PieceOfDough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfDough`
Description	Each 'PieceOfDough' is a ' PhysicalObject ' that is more than 50% by weight of the substance 'Dough'.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c MalleableObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Dough^c isConsumedInEvent^op value PreparingFoodItem^c

PieceOfGold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfGold`
Description	Each 'PieceOfGold' is a ' PhysicalObject ' that is more than 50% by weight of the element 'Gold'. This class includes liquid and gaseous forms, and is of any size down to the individual atoms. Pure gold would be a subtype.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Gold^c

PieceOfGravel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfGravel`
Description	'PieceOfGravel' is a SmallObject composed of stone (i.e. rock), being one of the constituent small objects that comprise the substance 'Gravel'. (See 'Gravel') `From the Wikipedia article on 'gravel': Gravel is composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a general particle size range and include size classes from granule- to boulder-sized fragments. Gravel is sub-categorized by the Udden-Wentworth scale into granular gravel (>2 to 4 mm or 0.079 to 0.157 in) and pebble gravel (>4 to 64 mm or 0.2 to 2.5 in). One cubic yard of gravel typically weighs about 3000 pounds (or a cubic metre is about 1,800 kilograms).`
Super-classes	HomogeneousSolidObject^c Grain^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.2^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Stone^c

PieceOfInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfInformation`
Description	Each ''PieceOfInformation' is an Object that represents some quantity if ''Information'', which can be abstract or Physical.
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	hasRepresentation^op value InformationObject^c containsAbstractSubstance^op value Information^c
Sub-classes	Utterance^c

PieceOfLuggage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfLuggage`
Description	A ''PieceOfLuggage'' is any container device, such as a suitcase, designed to be carried by a traveller to hold items that are not carried directly on the person. This category specifies the container artifact only, not the complete set of container and contents that is carried by a passenger and is often called 'Luggage'. The container with the contents is termed 'Baggage' in the COSMO ontology. NOTE: The term ''Luggage'' is the collective term for all physical objects not carried on the person take by a traveler on some journey.. NOTE that as a Group, this could be one or more items considered as a unit so a traveler can refer to one piece as 'my luggage' when there is only one piece. NOTE that a Purse was considered as 'Luggage' in Cyc, but in COSMO 'PieceOfLuggage' is for containers that are used in TransportationEvents, not casual walking around. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'luggage' in Wordnet: 1. (6) baggage, luggage - (a case used to carry belongings when traveling)
Super-classes	Case-Container^c PortableCarrier^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Luggage^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Traveler^c
Sub-classes	Suitcase^c Briefcase^c Satchel^c

PieceOfPlasticFilm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfPlasticFilm`
Description	Cyc: The collection of all instances of plastic film
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c FlexibleObject^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c SheetArtifact^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value PlasticFilm^c
Sub-classes	PlasticBag^c

PieceOfRope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfRope`
Description	PieceOfRope is a long thin object, thicker than a string, but like a string is made of multiple fibers, whether natural (cotton) or synthetic (rayon). In WordNet, the characteristic that differentiates a Rope from other Lines or cord is that it is 'strong'. There is probably an overlap in thickness that makes certain lines arbitrarily classified as either 'Rope' or 'Cord'. `Corresponds to Noun sense 1 of 'rope' in RHW: 1. a strong, thick line or cord, commonly one composed of twisted or braided strands of hemp, flax, or the like, or of wire or other material. Corresponds to part (for the object) of noun sense 1 of 'rope' in WordNet: 1. (5) rope - (a strong line)`
Super-classes	RopeOrCable^c FibrousObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Tightrope^c Lasso^c

PieceOfRubble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfRubble`
Description	A ''PieceOfRubble'' is a Worthless SolidObject created by some form of ''DestructionEvent''. `This is one of the objects in a ''PileOfRubble''.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Discard^c WorthlessThing^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value DestructionEvent^c

PieceOfString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfString`
Description	PieceOfString is a long thin limp object made of multiple fibers, whether natural (cotton) or synthetic (rayon), but is not as thick as a 'Cord'. A solid piece of plastic in the shape of a string is not a 'String' in this sense. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'string' in WordNet: 1. (7) string, twine - (a lightweight cord)`
Super-classes	FibrousObject^c StringOrLine^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Limp^c

PieceOfThread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfThread`
Description	Each 'PieceOfThread' is a (relatively) long thin limp object like a StringOrLine, but thin in diameter, though still thick enough to see with the naked eye. This is the 'thread' that is used in sewing, and in some types of weaving. A 'PieceOfThread' will often have multiple intertwined fibers along its length. It is always Organic, even when Plastic. `These terms might apply also to the substance ''Thread''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thread' in WordNet: 1. (4) thread, yarn - (a fine cord of twisted fibers (of cotton or silk or wool or nylon etc.) used in sewing and weaving)`
Super-classes	StringOrLine^c OrganicMaterialObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c TextileArtifact^c
Restrictions	isModifiedInEvent^op value Sewing^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Thread^c isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Weaving^c isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Sewing^c isModifiedInEvent^op value Weaving^c

PieceOfTissuePaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfTissuePaper`
Description	A ''PieceOfTissuePaper'' is a PhysicalObject made mostly of 'TissuePaper''. `A piece of facial tissue (a ''PaperHanky'') is often referred to as a 'tissue'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tissue paper' in WordNet: 1. (2) tissue, tissue paper - (a soft thin (usually translucent) paper)`
Super-classes	PaperObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value TissuePaper^c
Sub-classes	PaperHanky^c

PieceOfTrash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfTrash`
Description	Any SolidObject considered worthless by someone who has disposed of it or is intending to dispose of it without anything in return. This is the unit Object of which the substance 'Trash' is composed.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Discard^c WorthlessThing^c

PieceOfWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PieceOfWood`
Description	A piece of ''Wood'' of any size or shape, produced by any process or event. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'log' in WordNet: 1. (7) log - (a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c OrganicObject^c PieceOfAnObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c
Sub-classes	DriftWood^c Stick^c LogOfWood^c

PiecesOfMail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PiecesOfMail`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'mail' in WordNet: 4. mail, post - (any particular collection of letters or packages that is delivered; 'your mail is on the table'; 'is there any post for me?'; 'she was opening her post')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op value MailingSomething^c

PiecingTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PiecingTogether`
Description	''PiecingTogether'' is the Action of creating on Object by putting small pieces together so that they remain in close contact with each other by some force (which could be gravity but usually is glue or some screws or contact forces from slightly flexible parts of the component pieces inserted into eac other), thereby forming a PhysicalObject consisting mostly of those pieces. This can be putting together a jigsaw puzzle, or 'Lego' object or the pieces of an ''Erector set' or the stone or glass pieces of a ''Mosaic'' or a 'pastiche' artwork or a stained glass window. This type is for the work performed by hand.
Super-classes	Attaching^c Assembling^c
Restrictions	consumes^op min 5 usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c

PiercedHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PiercedHole`
Description	A ''PiercedHole'' is a ''Hole'' created by some agent in some ''SolidObject'' that goes entirely through from one side to the other of the object. The ''SolidObject'' thus pierced can be of any kind. Common examples are a buttonhole, the eye of a needle, a manhole in a street, a bunghole in a barrel, an eyelet in a leather object such as a belt, or the hole through a ''Bead'' that allows putting a string through. The hole is usually straight through, but does not have to be. A 'pierced' hole may be created by piercing (as with a needle), punching (as with a punch), or drilling with a drill, or even by a laser beam. There is no restriction on the method of creating the hole. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'hole' and part of noun sense 2 of 'perforation' (perforations made by agents) in Wordnet, excluding holes that do not penetrate through the object (as finger holes in bowling balls): in WordNet: 2. (9) hole - (an opening deliberately made in or through something) WN noun 'perforation': 2. perforation - (a hole made in something; 'a perforation of the eardrum')
Super-classes	Hole^c Artifact-Generic^c Opening^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value PiercingSomething^c isLocatedAt^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	DrilledHole^c Puncture^c

PiercingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PiercingSomething`
Description	A type of ''PenetratingSomething'' performed with a sharp instrument,such as a knife or needle. `CYC 'Piercing': A forming process where a smooth hole is formed without removing any material from the original object. Includes verb sense 4 of 'pierce' and verb sense 1 of 'puncture' in WordNet: 4. pierce, thrust - (penetrate or cut through with a sharp instrument) WN verb 'puncture' 1. (1) puncture - (pierce with a pointed object; make a hole into; 'puncture a tire')`
Super-classes	ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c PenetratingSomething^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value SharpObject^c produces^op value Puncture^c
Sub-classes	Incising^c Skewering^c PunchingAHole^c Pricking^c Impaling^c PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO^c

Pierogi^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pierogi

Description

'Pierogi' is not in WN or RHW

     Wikipedia:
      Pierogi  are filled dumplings of Central and Eastern European origin, 
      made by wrapping unleavened dough around a savory or sweet filling 
      and cooking in boiling water, or pan-frying. Pierogi which consist of noodle dough 
      and have to be cooked in boiling water are associated with the Central and Eastern European
      kitchens where they are considered national dishes, especially in Poland. 
      Pierogi-like dumplings are popular in most Central and Eastern European countries as well as 
      in Ashkenazi Jewish and modern-day American cuisines, where they are known under their local names.

Super-classes Dumpling^c

Piety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Piety`
Description	Strong religious feeling and devotion to religious practice. `Loyalty toward one's religious beliefs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piety' in WordNet: 1. (1) piety, piousness - (righteousness by virtue of being pious)`
Super-classes	Righteousness^c Loyalty^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op value ReligiousRitual^c isDirectedToward^op value ReligiousBeliefs^c

Pig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pig`
Description	Any domesticated swine (hog, pig), The term 'pig' is sometimes used for a young hog, but this type includes all ages. `Includes sense 1 of 'pig' in RHW, but also includes adults 1. a young swine of either sex, esp. a domestic hog, Sus scrofa, weighing less than 120 lb. (220 kg.) Called 'Pig-Domesticated' in Cyc: Cyc: A specialization of #$DomesticatedAnimal and #$Pig. Each instance of #$Pig-Domesticated is a pig kept on a farm or as a pet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pig' and sense 3 of 'hog' in WordNet: 1. (7) hog, pig, grunter, squealer, Sus scrofa - (domestic swine)`
Super-classes	PigFamily^c DomesticatedAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Piglet^c Sow^c

PigFamily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PigFamily`
Description	The BiologicalFamily that includes domestic Pigs (see 'Pig'). `Appears to be the same as sense 1 of 'swine' in WordNet, but the family including 'pigs' is not otherwise represented in Wordnet: 1. swine - (stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals)`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c HoofedMammal^c Omnivore^c PlacentalMammal^c
Sub-classes	Pig^c WildBoar^c

PigPen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PigPen

Description

A place where pigs are kept.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigpen' in WordNet:
         1. sty, pigsty, pigpen - (a pen for swine)

Super-classes AnimalPen^c

PigThigh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PigThigh`
Description	The ''Thigh'' of a ''Pig'', included so as to make the origin of ''Ham'' more specific. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thigh' in Wordnet: 1. (9) thigh - (the part of the leg between the hip and the knee)`
Super-classes	Thigh^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Pig^c

Pigeon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pigeon`
Description	CYC: The collection of all pigeons (including doves); any bird of the family Columbidae. `SUMO: A subclass of Bird with a stout body and short legs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigeon' in WordNet: 1. (3) pigeon - (wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Sub-classes	Dove^c HomingPigeon^c

PigeonHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PigeonHole`
Description	A ''PigeonHole'' is a 'Sort'' (category) that is narrow or simplistic, often created as a way to simplify a complex situation by assiging things (often people) to a ''Sort'' (category) by ignoring attributes, relations, or behaviors that are not possessed by the thing assigned, and which, if recognized, would not permit the assignment into that category. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigeonhole' in WordNet: 1. pigeonhole - (a specific (often simplistic) category)`
Super-classes	Sort^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Pigeonholing^c

PigeonToed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PigeonToed

Description

The Attribute of an animal (especially a Person) that has its toes turned inward rather than pointing forward as is usual.

        RHW  having the toes or feet turned inward.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pigeon-toed' in WordNet:
            1. (1) pigeon-toed - (having feet that turn inward)

Super-classes Impaired^c

PigeonToes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PigeonToes`
Description	''PigeonToes'' is a 'PersistentState'' in which a Person's feet are ''PigeonToed'', turned inward rather than pointing forward as is normal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigeon toes' in WordNet: 1. pigeon toes - (disability in which the toes are turned inward; often associated with knock-knee)`
Super-classes	WalkingImpairment^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c hinders^op value Walking^c

Pigeonholing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pigeonholing`
Description	''Pigeonholing'' is a ''Classifying'' Action in which the Agent doing the categorizing assigns one or more elements of some Group of things (Objects, Events, people) to some ''PigeonHole'', often created specifically for the purpose of simplifying a situation and for rhetorical purposes. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'pigeonhole' in WordNet: 2. pigeonhole, stereotype, stamp - (treat or classify according to a mental stereotype; 'I was stereotyped as a lazy Southern European')`
Super-classes	Classifying^c
Restrictions	produces^op some PigeonHole^c

Piglet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Piglet`
Description	A young ''Pig''. `NOTE that the weaned ''Piglet' ''Shoat'' is a subtype. WN does not make that distinction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piglet' in WordNet: 1. piglet, piggy, shoat, shote - (a young pig)`
Super-classes	Pig^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Young^c
Sub-classes	Shoat^c

Pigment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pigment`
Description	Artifactual or natural colored substances; artifactual instances are powders of a chemical compound, usually insoluble in water, that impart color to another substance in which it is mixed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigment' in Wordnet: 1. (3) pigment - (dry coloring matter (especially a powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint etc))`
Super-classes	OpaqueSubstance^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasAttribute^op value Colored^c
Sub-classes	Melanin^c Cinnabar^c

Pigtail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pigtail`
Description	A ''Pigtail'' is one ''HairBraid'' that is long and thin, but wider than a ''Dreadlock'' , and usually worn at the back side of the Head as one or two such braids in one ''Hairdo'' (on one Person's head), usually by a ''FemalePerson'' (woman or girl). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigtail' in WordNet: 1. pigtail - (a plait of braided hair)`
Super-classes	HairBraid^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyBehind^op value Head^c isMostlyWornBy^op value FemalePerson^c hasAttributeValue^op value Narrow^c isLargerThan^op value Dreadlock^c

Pile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pile`
Description	A pile is a group (or CYC 'mob') of things stacked or piled on top of each other in either an organized or disorganized fashion. If it's neat, it could be called a 'Stack' (which see). For the randomly aranged ''Pile'' use the subtype ''Heap'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pile' and sense 1 of 'heap' and sense 3 of 'mound' in WordNet: 1. (9) pile, heap, mound, agglomerate, cumulation, cumulus - (a collection of objects laid on top of each other)`
Super-classes	ArrangementOfLikeObjects^c
Sub-classes	PileOfSnow^c Drift^c Stack^c SiltBed^c Mound^c Heap^c

PileOfRubble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PileOfRubble`
Description	Each 'PileOfRubble' is a Group mostly made of ''PieceOfRubble''s, that may contain other items as well. There is no upper or lower limit in th size of a ''PileOfRubble''. The pieces are usually stone, that once was a structure but has been so badly damaged as to lose all but the lowest portions of the organized structure. `Such a 'pile of rubble' will in general be at least in part the result of intentional destruction. in WordNet: 1. (5) debris, dust, junk, rubble, detritus -- (the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up)`
Super-classes	Ruins^c TrashItems^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some PieceOfRubble^c

PileOfSnow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PileOfSnow`
Description	A ''PileOfSnow'' is any quantity of ''Snow'' sufficient to cover the ground (make the ground invisible) in any area of surface more than foot square. This includes covering things that cover the ground such as the upper surface of structures i.e. the roof of a building. `NOTE that the combination of restrictions adjacent-to Earth's Surface and Earth's atmosphere means that it is between the surface and the atmosphere. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'snowbank' in WordNet: 1. snowbank - (a mound or heap of snow)`
Super-classes	Pile^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Snow^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	Snowdrift^c

Pilfering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pilfering

Description

''Pilfering'' is a subtype of the more general 'Stealing' in which some small amount of money or goods are taken surreptitiously (at any one time, though perhaps repeatedly), as by shoplifting or taking something home from a place of business or some storage location.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pilfer' in WordNet:
          1. (2) pilfer, cabbage, purloin, pinch, abstract, snarf, swipe, hook, sneak,
              filch, nobble, lift - (make off with belongings of others)

Super-classes Stealing^c

Pilgrim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pilgrim`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pilgrim' in WordNet: 3. pilgrim - (someone who journeys to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion)`
Super-classes	ReligiousPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Pilgrimage^c
Sub-classes	Hajji^c

Pilgrimage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pilgrimage`
Description	An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$Pilgrimage is a #$ReligiousEvent in which one or more #$ReligiousPersons travel to a holy or sacred site of their #$Religion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pilgrimage' in WordNet: 1. (2) pilgrimage, pilgrim's journey - (a journey to a sacred place)`
Super-classes	ReligiousEvent^c Travel-TripEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Pilgrim^c
Sub-classes	Hajj^c

Piling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Piling`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piling' in WordNet: 1. pile, spile, piling, stilt - (a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure)`
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c RigidColumn^c PostStuckInGround^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c isDesignedToSupport^op value ConstructionArtifact^c

Pill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pill`
Description	A small object which is used to administer some ''DrugSubstance'' (includes vitamins and other nutrients and supplements) that is to be ingested. Although the WordNet gloss specifies it is a form of 'drug', this does not necessarily contain a drug, it could be a vitamin or supplement. `The restriction requires that one tell what substance is in the pill. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pill' in Wordnet: 2. (1) pill, lozenge, tablet, tab - (a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c EdibleObject^c OralDrugObject^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op some (DrugSubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Sub-classes	Lozenge^c VitaminPill^c TabletDrug^c DrugCapsule^c

Pillager^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pillager`
Description	A ''Pillager'' is a Thief (any sex) who violentlt enters a place, usually in a group, and steals things from it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pillager' in WordNet: 1. plunderer, pillager, looter, spoiler, despoiler, raider, freebooter - (someone who takes spoils or plunder (as in war))`
Super-classes	Thief^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value RaidingForLoot^c

Pillow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pillow`
Description	SUMO: A soft, stuffed Artifact to support the Head or the body as a whole while one is sleeping or relaxing. If it doesn't support the Head, it is a ''Cushion''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pillow' in Wordnet: 1. (8) pillow - (a cushion to support the head of a sleeping person)`
Super-classes	Cushion^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	Bolster^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsFavoritePillow

PillowStuffing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PillowStuffing`
Description	''PillowStuffing'' is a granular Substance that is Compressible and Soft and used to fill pillows or mattresses to make them comfortably soft to support the body or some BodyPart of a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stuffing' in WordNet: 2. stuffing - (padding put in mattresses and cushions and upholstered furniture)`
Super-classes	Padding^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c

Pillowcase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pillowcase`
Description	A ''Pillowcase'' is a ''BedLinen'' that is intended for use as a cover for a pillow, usually one used in a bed. `CYC: The collection of pillowcases - removable fabric envelopes designed to go around a pillow, which are easier to clean than the entire pillow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pillowcase' in WordNet: 1. case, pillowcase, slip, pillow slip - (bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow; 'the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase')`
Super-classes	BedLinen^c Sack^c FreeSheet^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Pillow^c

PilotingAnAirplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PilotingAnAirplane`
Description	'PilotingAnAirplane' is the Action most commonly referred to as 'flying' or 'piloting' - as opposed to driving a road vehicle. This includes controlling any Aircraft, which includes helicopters but does not include blimps or dirigibles, even if they can be steered. Flying a hot-air balloon or glider is also not included. Being a passenger in a plane is not included. For being a passenger, use the more general 'RidingInAnAirplane'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pilot' in WordNet: 1. (1) fly, aviate, pilot - (fly a plane)`
Super-classes	OperatingaPoweredDevice^c RidingInAnAirplane^c ControllingATransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some Aircraft^c

Pimp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pimp`
Description	CYC: An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$Pimp is a person whose job is to solicit customers for prostitutes (see the collection #$Prostitute) or for a brothel (see the collection #$Brothel), in return for a share of the earnings from those customers. Instances of #$Pimp are usually #$MalePersons. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pimp' in WordNet: 1. (3) pimp, procurer, panderer, pander, pandar, fancy man, ponce - (someone who procures customers for whores (in England they call a pimp a ponce))`
Super-classes	Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	controls^op value Prostitute^c performsAction^op value SolicitingBusiness^c

Pimple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pimple`
Description	A small elevation of the skin, caused by acne. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pimple' in WordNet: 1. (1) pimple, hickey, zit - (a small inflamed elevation of the skin; a pustule or papule; common symptom in acne)`
Super-classes	Protrusion^c AnimalBodyRegion^c
Restrictions	isaSymptomOf^op value Acne^c isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Skin^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SkinTissue^c
Sub-classes	Pustule^c

Pin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pin`
Description	An Object made of Wire that can be straight or curved (safety pins are included), with a sharp pointed end intended for inserting into soft material such as cloth or cork. A Pin does not have to be a Fastener, as pins that are used as markers are included here. The subtypes 'StraightPin' and 'SafetyPin' are fasteners. NOTE that a Pin has no moving parts- the flexible part of a safety pin does not qualify as a 'moving part'. `Cyc: A sharp pointy thing that is not hollow, nor has any holes in it. Smaller than most nails. May be part of some larger device like Safety Pin or Brooch. Corresponds to part of noun sense 9 of 'pin' in WordNet, excluding wood 'pins': 9. pin - (a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c PointyEndedObject^c SmallObject^c Wire^c HandSizedObject^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c
Sub-classes	HairPin^c StraightPin^c SafetyPin^c Peg^c AttachedPin^c

PinaColada^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PinaColada

Description

CYC: The collection of #$PinaColada drinks, a mixture of #$CoconutMeat cream, pineapple juice and #$Rum served over ice and usually garnished with a pineapple chunk.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pina colada' in WordNet:
          1. pina colada - (a mixed drink made of pineapple juice and coconut cream and rum)

Super-classes CocktailDrink^c

Pincer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pincer`
Description	A ''Pincer'' is the two-part grasping structure at the end of an arm of a Crustacean such as a lobster or crab, or of some other Arthropod such as a ''Scorpion'' or a beetle. `CYC: Hard grasping hand-like appendage of crustaceans Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pincer' in WordNet: 2. claw, chela, nipper, pincer - (a grasping structure on the limb of a crustacean or other arthropods)`
Super-classes	HolderGripper^c Claw^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Arthropod^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sharp^c

Pinch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pinch`
Description	A minor and usually inconsequential injury to the skin, which is caused by a squeezing or pinching force applied to the skin, but not including a piercing of the skin. A small ''Pinch'' may not cause any inflammatory response, and the pain may disappear rapidly, but a stronger ''Pinch'' may cause a bruise. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pinch' in WordNet: 2. pinch - (an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed)`
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value PinchingEvent^c

PinchingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PinchingEvent`
Description	A ''PinchingEvent'' is a ''SqueezingEvent'' which a first object is squeezed on two sides by a second object having two or more movable parts that can come together to exert pressure - usually the fingers of a human hand, or less commonly by two objects that come together on two sides of the frst object , such as when the skin is squeezed by one object moving toward another with some force while a body art (usually unintentionally) is still between the parts (a door closing or a heavy object falling to a hard surface). . One distinction between a ''PinchingEvent'' and ''SqueezingEvent'' is that the object of a ''PinchingEvent'' is a SheetLike object (such as the Skin), having two adjacent regions folded into a double sheet that is then squeezed together. `Includes part of and is also broader than verb sense 1 of 'pinch' (not necessarily by the fingers, and not including bottles) in WordNet: 1. (3) pinch, squeeze, twinge, tweet, nip, twitch - (squeeze tightly between the fingers; 'He pinched her behind'; 'She squeezed the bottle')`
Super-classes	SqueezingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Sub-classes	Tweaking^c

Pincushion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pincushion`
Description	A small, soft, stuffed bag Artifact used to support straight pins, often during clothing manufacture. `NOTE: this is not a subtype of ''Cushion'' (as in WordNet) which in CSMO is used to support people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pincushion' in Wordnet: 1. pincushion - (a small stiff cushion into which pins are stuck ready for use)`
Super-classes	DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c DurableGood^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c ContainerAndContents^c Holder^c SpongyObject^c
Restrictions	surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fabric^c hasContainer^op value Bag^c isDesignedToSupport^op value StraightPin^c hasContents^op value Padding^c

Pine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pine`
Description	The substance pine,a type of Wood, not a tree. As ''Lumber'' this type of substance must already have been cut from the tree. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pine' in Wordnet: 2. (2) pine - (straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus)`
Super-classes	Wood^c Lumber^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value PineTree^c

PineTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PineTree

Description

Any tree of the pine family.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pine' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) pine, pine tree, true pine - (a coniferous tree)

Super-classes ConiferousTree^c
Tree^c

Pineapple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pineapple`
Description	The delicious fruit of the ''PineapplePlant'' an ''Object'' not a substance. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pineapple' in WordNet: 2. pineapple, ananas - (large sweet fleshy tropical fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value PineapplePlant^c

PineappleOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PineappleOrder`
Description	A biological order within the monocot subclass in the plant kingdom. Members are often epiphytic, meaning they use other plants as a substrate (grow on them), but don't get any water or nutrients from hem.
Super-classes	MonocotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	PineapplePlant^c

PineapplePlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PineapplePlant

Description

A pineapple plant is a type of bromeliad which produces an edible fruit, the pineapple.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pineapple' in WordNet:
           1. pineapple, pineapple plant, Ananas comosus - (a tropical American plant 
              bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves;
              widely cultivated in the tropics)

Super-classes CropPlant^c
PineappleOrder^c
Plant-NonWoody^c
HerbPlant^c

Ping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ping`
Description	Any short high-pitched sound. Common subtype is the ''SonarPing'' emitted by ''SonarDevice'' used in submarines for detecting objects underwater. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ping' in WordNet: 2. ping - (a sharp high-pitched resonant sound (as of a sonar echo or a bullet striking metal))`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	SonarPing^c

PingPong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PingPong`
Description	''PingPong'' is a ''TableGame'' ('table tennis') that is the specification ('rules) for how to play the game of ''PingPong'' , i.e the action of playing a ''PingPong''. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a 'game as the abstract specification and the Action that is an execution of the specification. The WN synset is used to label both, which need to be distinguished in text context. Corresponds to part (the rules) of noun sense 1 of 'ping-pong' in WordNet: 1. (1) table tennis, Ping-Pong - (a game (trademark Ping-Pong) resembling tennis but played on a table with paddles and a light hollow ball)`
Super-classes	TableGame^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value PingPongBall^c

PingPongBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PingPongBall`
Description	The ball used in a ''PingPongGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ping-pong ball' in WordNet: 1. ping-pong ball - (light hollow ball used in playing table tennis)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Ball^c SphericalObject^c ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c GameArtifact^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value PingPongGame^c

PingPongGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PingPongGame`
Description	A ''PingPongGame'' is the action of playing ''PingPong''. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a 'game' as the abstract specification and the Action that is an execution of the specification. The WN synset is used to label both, which need to be distinguished in text context. Corresponds to part (the rules) of noun sense 1 of 'ping-pong' in WordNet: 1. (1) table tennis, Ping-Pong - (a game (trademark Ping-Pong) resembling tennis but played on a table with paddles and a light hollow ball)`
Super-classes	TableGameEvent^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value PingPong^c requiresResource^op value PingPongBall^c requiresResource^op value PingPongTable^c

PingPongTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PingPongTable`
Description	A ''PingPongTable' is a ''Table-Furniture'' required for and used in a ''PingPongGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ping-pong table' in WordNet: 1. table-tennis table, ping-pong table, pingpong table - (a table used for playing table tennis)`
Super-classes	Table-Furniture^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value PingPongGame^c

PiningAway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PiningAway`
Description	`Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'languish' in WordNet: 1. (1) pine away, waste, languish - (lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief; 'After her husband died, she just pined away') 3. languish, fade - (become feeble; 'The prisoner has been languishing for years in the dungeon')`
Super-classes	Degeneration^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some BodyStrength^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Pink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pink`
Description	The color pink, a shade of red with low color saturation. This covers a wide range of colors; perhaps the most characteristic is 'bubble-gum pink' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pink' in WordNet: 1. (2) pink - (a light shade of red)`
Super-classes	Reddish^c Pinkish^c
Sub-classes	RoseColor^c

Pinkie^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pinkie

Description

The ''Pinkie'' is the small finger on the other side of the hand from the ''Thumb''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pinkie' in WordNet:
           1. little finger, pinkie, pinky - (the finger farthest from the thumb)

Super-classes Finger^c

Pinkish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pinkish`
Description	The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$PinkColor. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'pinkish' in Wordnet: 1. pink, pinkish - (of a light shade of red)`
Super-classes	Reddish^c
Sub-classes	Pink^c SalmonColor^c

PinnableButton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PinnableButton`
Description	A ''Badge'' that is a ''Disk'' having a pin on the back, allowing it to be pinned to clothing. It is usually worn on one side of the chest area, or sometimes elsewhere (on a hat, on a pocketbook). `Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'button' in Wordnet: 4. button - (a round flat badge displaying information and suitable for pinning onto a garment; 'they passed out campaign buttons for their candidate')`
Super-classes	Badge^c PinnableObject^c Disk^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	CampaignButton^c

PinnableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PinnableObject`
Description	A ''HandSizedObject'' having a ''AttachedPin'' that allows it to be easily and reversibly attached to other things, especially clothing, so that it can be carried around and be observed on the surface. This is for badges, jewelry items, medals, various kinds of buttons and anthing else that people might want to temporarily attach to themselves or other things.
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c SomethingToWear^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value AttachedPin^c
Sub-classes	PinnableButton^c JewelryPin^c

Pinnacle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pinnacle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pinnacle' in WordNet: 1. (1) pinnacle - ((architecture) a slender upright spire at the top of a buttress of tower)`
Super-classes	Steeple^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op value Tower^c

Pinning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pinning`
Description	An Action in which some Agent fastens a ''PinnableObject''. to some other object, using a ''Pin'', whether a part of the ''PinnableObject'' or separate from either article fastened together. `NOTE: a ''PinnableObject'' here has to have an attached pin, but this type ''Pinning'' can also include things like pieces of fabric pinned together with a separate ''Pin''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pin' in WordNet: 2. (1) pin - (attach or fasten with pins)`
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PinnableObject^c or Pin^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Pinpointing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pinpointing`
Description	''Pinpointing'' can have several related meanings, including 'locating exactly' and 'pointing out the exact location'. All are included here. `This sense of 'nail' is often also expressed as 'nail down', which is used in several senses including this one: RHW 'nail': 15. nail down, to make final; settle once and for all: Signing the contract will nail down our agreement. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pinpoint' in WordNet: 1. (3) pinpoint, nail - (locate exactly; 'can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?'; 'The chemists could not nail the identity of the chromosome')`
Super-classes	LocatingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPerceived^op some PhysicalObject^c

Pint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pint

Description

English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Quart.

  Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'pint' in Wordnet:
     2. pint, dry pint - (a United States dry unit equal to 0.5 quart or 33.6 cubic inches)
     3. pint - (a United States liquid unit equal to 16 fluid ounces;
        two pints equal one quart)

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

Pioneer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pioneer

Description

A 'Pioneer'' is a Person who performs a ''Pioneering'' act, which is to begin to perform a type of useful activity that has not previously been performed sucessfully, and do it successfully, and thus show that it can be done, with the result that others also perform that activity, taking the ''Pioneer''s effort as a lesson.. This covers broadly many

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pioneer' in WordNet:
             1. (1) pioneer, innovator, trailblazer, groundbreaker - 
              (someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art)

Super-classes Leader^c

Pioneering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pioneering`
Description	''Pioneering'' is ''StartingaProject'' that initiates an Activity of a type that has not previously been done or at least successfuly. `Includes all 3 noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'pioneer' in WordNet: 1. (3) pioneer, open up - (open up an area or prepare a way; 'She pioneered a graduate program for women students') 2. initiate, pioneer - (take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of; 'This South African surgeon pioneered heart transplants') 3. pioneer - (open up and explore a new area; 'pioneer space')`
Super-classes	StartingaProject^c
Restrictions	isTheFirstElementOf^op some Project^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op some Pioneer^c
Sub-classes	Innovating^c

Pious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pious

Description

''Pious'' is an AttributeValue of a person who is more than casually likely to perform religious activities in honor of their God(s).

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pious' in WordNet:
      2. devout, god-fearing, pious - (devoutly religious;
         'a god-fearing and law-abiding people' H.L.Mencken)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Pipe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pipe`
Description	In Cyc called 'Pipe-ConduitArtifact'. COSMO: Any kind of pipe-like artifact - plastic, glass, steel, rubber, flexible or rigid. Laboratory glass tubing and garden hose both qualify as a 'pipe'. Cyc: The collection of all manufactured enclosed tubular fluid conduits with openings at both ends. The more general #$Pipe-GenericConduit encompasses both such manufactured pipes and natural pipes which are not instances of #$Pipe-ConduitArtifact, i.e. those found naturally occurring in the environment or in an organism's body, such as #$BloodVessels. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pipe' in WordNet (but may also be composed of glass or ceramic like clay): in WordNet: 2. (4) pipe, pipage, piping - (a long tube made of metal or plastic that is used to carry water or oil or gas etc.)
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c FlowPath^c ContainerArtifact^c DurableGood^c Tube^c Pipe-GenericConduit^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	SimplePipe^c Hose^c Manifold^c DrainPipe^c Pipeline^c Snorkel^c

Pipe-GenericConduit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pipe-GenericConduit`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all enclosed tubular fluid conduits with openings at both ends. #$Pipe-GenericConduit encompasses both human-made pipes as well as natural pipes, found naturally occurring in the environment, or found in an organism's body, like #$BloodVessels.
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c HollowObject^c TubularObject^c FluidConduit^c
Sub-classes	Spout^c AnatomicalVessel^c Pipe^c

PipeWrench^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PipeWrench

Description

A ''PipeWrenh'' has one ''GrippingJaw'' that can move slightly so as to be non-parallel to the fixed jaw.both of which are serrated. ('serrated' needs representation - @ToDo).

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pipe wrench' in WordNet:
           1. pipe wrench, tube wrench - (adjustable wrench for gripping 
             and turning a pipe; has two serrated jaws that are adjusted to grip the pipe)

Super-classes AdjustableWrench^c

Pipeline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pipeline`
Description	COSMO note: a Pipeline may be intended to transport a liquid, gas, or solid slurry. This can be a large and very long Pipe transporting liquids or gas over long distances, or a shorter Pipe that transports a fluid (such as NaturalGas) from a main pipe into a consumer facility such as a private home. Cyc: The collection of pipelines that are used to transport #$FluidTangibleThings. Basically a #$Pipeline is a man-made #$Pipe-GenericConduit that is built to transport fluids in a #$FluidFlowEvent where the force is provided by a #$Pump-Generic or #$Gravity. Examples include large oil pipelines which can be very long, spanning countries. Other #$Pipelines are smaller like a water pipe under the sink. When a network of pipelines is meant use #$PipingSystem-Generic. Borderline cases are those long pipelines that are mostly a single tube, but at each end have a network of smaller pipelines. SUMO: SUMO Pipeline is the class of pipelines used to transport various kinds of fluids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pipeline' in Wordnet: 2. pipeline, line - (a pipe used to transport liquids or gases; 'a pipeline runs from the wells to the seaport')
Super-classes	Pipe^c Conveyance-Stationary^c Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value FluidObject^c
Sub-classes	GasPipeline^c MainPipeline^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheTransAlaskaPipeline

PipingSystem-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PipingSystem-Generic`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Groups of #$Pipe-GenericConduits that form an interconnected system wherein fluid (liquid or gaseous) can flow from one component to other components connected to it by #$JunctionOfPipes junctions. Parts of a generic conduit system may be temporarily closed off; also, parts may be open to the outside environment. Examples: the plumbing system of a house, the piping at an oil refinery, a cardiovascular system. It may also include reservoirs, pumps, storage, valves, etc.
Super-classes	ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c System^c Group^c CustomarySystemOfLinks^c
Sub-classes	DigestiveSystem^c WaterSupplySystem^c CirculatorySystem^c

Piracy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Piracy`
Description	This ''Piracy'' is for the taking of ships on the high seas, not for airplane ''Highjacking'' though that is sometimes referred to as 'air piracy' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piracy' in WordNet: 1. piracy, buccaneering - (hijacking on the high seas or in similar contexts; taking a ship or plane away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it; "air piracy")`
Super-classes	Robbery^c Hijacking^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Pirate^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Sea^c

Piranha^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Piranha`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'piranha' in WordNet: 2. piranha, pirana, caribe - (small voraciously carnivorous freshwater fishes of South America that attack and destroy living animals)`
Super-classes	Characin^c

Pirate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pirate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pirate' in WordNet: 2. (1) pirate, buccaneer, sea robber, sea rover - (someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Restrictions	uses^op value PirateShip^c isaMemberOf^op value PirateCrew^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Piracy^c

PirateCrew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PirateCrew`
Description
Super-classes	ShipCrew^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Piracy^c hasMember^op value Pirate^c controls^op value PirateShip^c

PirateShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PirateShip`
Description	A Ship used by a ''PirateCrew'' for 'Piracy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pirate ship' in WordNet: 1. pirate, pirate ship - (a ship that is manned by pirates)
Super-classes	Ship^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value PirateCrew^c isUsedInAction^op value Piracy^c

Pistil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pistil`
Description	CYC: Flower gynoecium, composed of a single pistil or several fused organs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pistil' in WordNet: 1. pistil - (the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma)`
Super-classes	PlantReproductiveStructure^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Flower^c
Sub-classes	Carpel^c

Piston^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Piston

Description

RHW: 'piston' sense 1: a disk or cylindrical part tightly fitting and moving within a cylinder, either to compress or move a fluid collected in the cylinder, as air or water, or to transform energy imparted by a fluid entering or expanding inside the cylinder, as compressed air, explosive gases, or steam, into a rectilinear motion usually transformed into rotary motion by means of a connecting rod

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'piston' in WordNet:
          2. piston, plunger - (mechanical device that has a plunging or thrusting motion)

Super-classes MechanicalComponent^c
CylindricalObject^c
KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c

PistonChamber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PistonChamber`
Description	A ''PistonChamber'' is a ''Chamber'' designed to accommodate and constrain the motion of a ''Piston'' within some ''Device'' `Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'piston chamber' in WordNet: 1. cylinder, piston chamber - (a chamber within which piston moves)`
Super-classes	MechanicalComponent^c HeatingChamber^c MechanicalDevice^c Path-Physical^c Cylinder^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value RectilinearShaking^c supportsFunctioningOf^op some DeviceType^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Piston^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some DeviceType^c isDesignedToHold^op value Piston^c

Pit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pit

Description

A ''HoleInTheGround'' that is not so long as to be considered a ''Ditch'', and was created by human effort. It can be small or very large, as an open-pit mine. This is the physical object that consists of the walls of the ''Pit''.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pit' in Wordnet:
       1. (5) pit, cavity - (a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); 'they dug a pit to bury the body')

Super-classes HoleInTheGround^c
ArtifactObject^c

PitViper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PitViper`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pit viper' in WordNet: 1. pit viper - (New World vipers with hollow fangs and a heat-sensitive pit on each side of the head)`
Super-classes	Viper^c
Sub-classes	WaterMoccasin^c Copperhead^c Rattlesnake^c

Pitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pitch`
Description	Each ''Pitch'' is a Frequency of audible Sound in which the repeated unit is 'Cycle' and the RateUnit is ''perSecond''.. This can be used for pure sounds, but often is used for the dominant sound of mixed sounds. At this point @rev1271, this is treated as semi-quantitative, A ''Pitch'' can be the value of a 'hasFrequency' relation, even if the precise quantitative value is not known. To allow any audible pitch the value ''AudiblePitchRange'' is assigned to the quantifier range 16-20000 for the usual values of audible sound cps. `Instances of ''Pitch'' can have other ranges assigned. The values ''HighPitch' and ''LowPitch'' are not yet @rev1271 characterized more narrowly, but can be when required. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitch' in WordNet: 1. (5) pitch - (the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration)`
Super-classes	CyclesPerSecondMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclesPerSecond^c hasFirstElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclesPerSecond^c hasSecondElement^op only NumberRange^c
Sub-classes	VoiceKey^c AudiblePitch^c

PitchBlack^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PitchBlack

Description

The WN terms for color include both adectives and nouns, and the conceptual difference is not clear-cut. Here the two types of WN category are merged.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitch-black' in WordNet:
          1. coal black, ebony, jet black, pitch black, sable, soot black - (a very dark black)
        WN adj 'soot-black:
          1. soot-black, sooty-black - (of the black color of soot)

Super-classes Black^c

PitchDark^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PitchDark

Description

''PitchDark'' is a subtype of ''Darker'' that characterizes the ambient light level of ''Place''s that have no light sufficient to see objects nearby; outside with stars but no moon could have this quality.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pitch-dark' in Wordnet:
         1. black, pitch-black, pitch-dark - (extremely dark; 'a black moonless night'; 
         'through the pitch-black woods'; 'it was pitch-dark in the cellar')

Super-classes Darker^c

PitchersMound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PitchersMound`
Description	A ''PitchersMound'' is a low ''Mound'' of soil located inthe mddle of tehinfield in a BaseballField, used by the pitcher to pitch to the batter, `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitcher's mound' in WordNet: 1. (5) mound, hill, pitcher's mound - ((baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands)`
Super-classes	Mound^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BaseballPitcher^c isLocatedAt^op value BaseballDiamond^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value BaseballPitch^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value BaseballPitcher^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Soil^c hasHeight^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneFoot^c

Pitchfork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pitchfork`
Description	A 'Pitchfork' is a hand tool used for various purposes, such as moving hay from a pile to another location, or digging in rocky soil. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitchfork' in WordNet: 1. (2) pitchfork - (a long-handled hand tool with sharp widely spaced prongs for lifting and pitching hay)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c SimpleTool^c LongHandledTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 2

Pitching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pitching`
Description	This ''Pitching'' is the type of ''Hurling'' that a ''Pitcher' does in a ''BaseballGame''. `Corresponds to verb sense 9 of 'pitch' in WordNet: 9. deliver, pitch - (throw or hurl from the mound to the batter, as in baseball; 'The pitcher delivered the ball') WN noun 'pitching': 1. (7) pitching - ((baseball) playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team)`
Super-classes	Hurling^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value BaseballBall^c isPerformedBy^op some (BaseballPitcher^c or PersonType^c) isaSubEventOf^op value BaseballGame^c isInTheDirectionOf^op value HomePlate^c
Sub-classes	PitchingLeftHanded^c PitchingRightHanded^c

PitchingLeftHanded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PitchingLeftHanded`
Description	This ''PitchingLefhtHanded'' is the type of ''Pitching'' that a ''Left-HandedPitcher'' pitcher performs, i.e. using the Left hand.
Super-classes	Pitching^c
Restrictions	uses^op value LeftHumanArm^c isPerformedBy^op value Left-HandedPitcher^c

PitchingRightHanded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PitchingRightHanded`
Description	This ''PitchingRightHanded'' is the type of ''Pitching'' that a ''Right-HandedPitcher'' pitcher performs, i.e. using the right hand.
Super-classes	Pitching^c
Restrictions	uses^op some RightHumanArm^c isPerformedBy^op some Right-HandedPitcher^c

PitchingWarmUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PitchingWarmUp`
Description	A ''PitchingWarmUp'' is a ''WarmingUp'' performed by a ''BaseballPitcher'' in preparation for pitching in a game.
Super-classes	WarmingUp^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BaseballPitcher^c wasaPreparationFor^op value Pitching^c

Pitfall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pitfall`
Description	A 'Pitfall' is a `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitfall' in WordNet: 1. (1) pitfall, booby trap - (an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty)`
Super-classes	Hindrance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c

Pitiable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pitiable

Description

''Pitiable'' is an intensive form of ''Unfortunate''.

     @ToDo: No verb 'pity'???

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pitiable' in Wordnet:
         2. hapless, miserable, misfortunate, pathetic, piteous, pitiable,
            pitiful, poor, wretched - (deserving or inciting pity; 
            'a hapless victim'; 'miserable victims of war';
            'the shabby room struck her as extraordinarily pathetic'- Galsworthy;
            'piteous appeals for help'; 'pitiable homeless children'; 
            'a pitiful fate'; 'Oh, you poor thing'; 'his poor distorted limbs';
            'a wretched life')

Super-classes Unfortunate^c

Pittance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pittance`
Description	A ''Pittance'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is disappointingly small to the recipient. The term is often used prefixed by 'mere' - 'a mere pittance'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pittance' in WordNet: 1. pittance - (an inadequate payment; 'they work all day for a mere pittance')`
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inadequate^c

PituitaryGland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PituitaryGland`
Description	CYC: The collection of all pituitary #$Glands. A #$PituitaryGland is a unique #$EndocrineGland attached to the #$Hypothalamus which rests (is #$in-Embedded) in a cavity of the #$Sphenoid bone called the sella turcica. The #$PituitaryGland produces #$HumanGrowthHormone, #$Prolactin, #$Thyrotropin, #$AdrenocorticotropicHormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, #$FollicleStimulatingHormone, #$LuteinizingHormone, #$Vasopressin, and #$Oxytocin. `SUMO: The main Gland of the endocrine system. NOTE: is this a 'part of' or 'attached to' the ''Brain''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pituitary gland' in WordNet: 1. (2) pituitary, pituitary gland, pituitary body, hypophysis - (the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain)`
Super-classes	EndocrineGland^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Brain^c

Pity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pity`
Description	COSMO note: to pity someone (verb) is to experience Pity. The action is difficult to disentangle from the Feeling, though they appear in different syntactic forms. @ToDo: rules may be needed to handle the resolution of the action and feeling; perhaps pitying is a more conscious form of the Feeling? Is 'compassion' any different from 'pity' - perhaps; needs some kind of distinction, not obvous at present phase. Cyc: An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Pity is some agent's feeling of sorrow for an agent (usually some other agent, but sometimes the pitying agent herself) on account of the undesirable state of affairs that agent is in. Instances of #$Pity vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object pitied. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'pity' in WordNet: WN noun 'pity' 1. (6) commiseration, pity, ruth, pathos - (a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others; 'the blind are too often objects of pity') WN verb 'pity' 1. (4) feel for, pity, compassionate, condole with, sympathize with - (share the suffering of) WN noun 'compassion': 1. (2) compassion, compassionateness - (a deep awareness of and sympathy for another's suffering)
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Sympathizing^c

Pivot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pivot`
Description	A ''Pivot'' is a ''SolidObject'' that serves as a ''PhysicalAxis'' to enable some other object(s) to ''Swivel'' around the ''Pivot''. This may be part of a Device such as a ''"Hinge''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pivot' in WordNet: 2. pivot, pin - (axis consisting of a short shaft that supports something that turns)`
Super-classes	PhysicalAxis^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Swiveling^c

PivotDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PivotDevice`
Description	A ''PivotDevice is a short ''Shaft'' that serves as a pivot point and connector for the arms of tools such as pliers and scissors and clipping devices,or the rotating wheels of a mechanical clock, or any other device whose function is facilitated by constrained pivoting. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pivot' in WordNet: 2. pivot, pin - (axis consisting of a short shaft that supports something that turns)`
Super-classes	Shaft^c PartOfanArtifact^c Connector^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some DeviceType^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

Pivotal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pivotal

Description

''Pivotal'' is a more intense type of ''Crucial''expressing a level of importance - implying that the thing so described is both indispensable and of central (most salient) importance to some purpose. This attribute suggests that the purposes of actions at issue 'revolve around' or are located around the thing so characterized.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pivotal' in Wordnet:
          1. pivotal, polar - (being of crucial importance; 'a pivotal event'; 
             'Its pivotal location has also exposed it to periodic invasions'- Henry Kissinger;
             'the polar events of this study'; 'a polar principal')

Super-classes Crucial^c

Pixel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pixel`
Description	A Pixel is an AbstractImage that represents one point; it may have attributes such as color, intensity, and location in a "PixelImage. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pixel' in WordNet: 1. pixel, pel, picture element - ((computer science) the smallest discrete component of an image or picture on a CRT screen (usually a colored dot); 'the greater the number of pixels per inch the greater the resolution')`
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value PixelImage^c

PixelImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PixelImage`
Description	A PixelImage is an AbstractImage that is represented by some set of pixels (points having a particular color and intensity value and location in the PixelImage). This is in contrast to images that are represented as sets of lines or sets of other geometrical figures. The PixelImage is the kind of image presented on a computer screen.
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c TabularOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Pixel^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatCassidyPhoto

Pizza^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pizza`
Description	''Pizza'' or 'pizza pie' is ''DishOfFood'' considered as distinctively Italian in origin, popular in many countries, usually served hot, `CYC: The collection of flat baked pie crusts topped with tomato sauce, cheese, spices, and various other ingredients, including anchovies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pizza' in WordNet: 1. (1) pizza, pizza pie - (Italian open pie made of thin bread dough spread with a spiced mixture of e.g. tomato sauce and cheese)`
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c FingerFood^c DishOfFood^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op value PieCrust^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Cheese^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value TomatoBasedSauce^c

Pizzeria^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pizzeria`
Description	A ''Pizzeria'' is a ''Shop'' that makes and sells 'Pizzas' to the public. Most ''Pizzeria''s have tables for eating, and could also be considered as a ''Restaurant''. Perhaps 'pizza parlor' could be broken out as a subtype that is also a subtype of ''Restaurant''? `NOTE: ''ManufacturingFacility'' seems odd for a Pizzeria. ''Bakery''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pizzeria' in WordNet: 1. pizzeria, pizza shop, pizza parlor - (a shop where pizzas are made and sold)`
Super-classes	Shop^c ServiceEstablishment^c ManufacturingFacility^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Pizza^c createsObject^op value Pizza^c

Place^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Place`
Description	COSMO note: a Place can be a PhysicalObject or a Region, or even an abstract 'location' such as a group of electronically connected sites. This category is very generic, but is more specific than 'GenericLocation' in that the Place should be stationary, and not an arbitrary PhysicalObject such as a vehicle.. Cyc: A specialization of #$EnduringThing-Localized. Each instance of #$Place is a spatial thing which has a relatively permanent location. Thus, in a given microtheory, each #$Place is stationary with respect to the frame of reference of that microtheory. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'position' and sense 3 of 'place' and sense 1 of 'spot' and sense 1 of 'location' in WordNet: WN 'position' 1. (39) position, place - (the particular portion of space occupied by something; 'he put the lamp back in its place') WN 'spot' 1. (26) topographic point, place, spot - (a point located with respect to surface features of some region; 'this is a nice place for a picnic') WN 'location': 1. (992) location - (a point or extent in space)
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	PopulatedPlace^c GraveSite^c Bedside^c OutdoorGeographicalObject^c OuterSpaceLocation^c OutsideTheHouse^c Wilderness^c Whereabouts^c Habitation^c RetreatLocation^c ReservedSeat^c TopographicalFeature^c ShelteredPlace^c BetweenTwoObjects^c PlaceOfOrigin^c EarthSurfaceObject^c PlaceWithaBodyOfWater^c Planet-Generic^c Refuge^c SpatialArea^c PhysicalContactLocation^c DefensiveStructure^c Landmark^c TerrainLowGround^c SpaceInAFixedHOC^c GatheringPlace^c HolyPlace^c PhysicalSpaceRegion^c Site^c Region^c PlaceOfResidence^c Junction^c RealEstate^c MythicalPlace^c HidingPlace^c PlaceWithMilitarySignificance^c Place-NonAgent^c DangerousPlace^c MarketPlace^c DistantLocation^c MidAir^c MultiEthnicCommunity^c Facility-Generic^c Biosphere^c GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation^c ForeignPlace^c Hangout^c Environment-Generic^c Somewhere^c
In range of	hasCurrentDestination^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Nowhere http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#here http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#there

Place-NonAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Place-NonAgent`
Description	CYC: A collection of places which are not agent-like. Some things can be both places and exhibit agency; e.g., the #$CityOfMiamiFL is a region in #$Florida-State, and it also can enter into agreements with other cities (see #$GeopoliticalEntity). Each instance of #$Place-NonAgent is a #$Place that does NOT have any agency, e.g., #$LakeErie and #$OuterSpace.
Super-classes	Place^c
Sub-classes	AxisOfRotation^c Horizon^c Base^c TacticalTerrainObject^c Roadside^c

PlaceAtaDistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaceAtaDistance`
Description	A ''PlaceAtaDistance'' is a Place'' (of any kind) that is distant by some 'LengthMeasure'' (in any units) from some other ''Place''.
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	Proximity^c

PlaceOfAbsence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaceOfAbsence`
Description	A TimeAndPlace that an object is not at, and is disjoint from some other TimeAndPlace. Very similar to 'Alibi', but can be used for convenience with the linguistic 'absent'. Can be used for inanimate objects, and substances not just people. See also 'Absence' for the Event. When this type is used, the restriction specifies that there is an 'Alibi', which is the place wehre the entity is located, and the restriction on the 'Alibi' spefifies where the entity is know not to be.Also see 'Presence' `Usage: {?X isLocatedAt ?PlaceOfAbsence} means that ?X was someplace other than the TimeAndPlace pointed to by the isSomethingOtherThan relation on the instance of TimeAndPlace that is the ?PlaceOfAbsence.`
Super-classes	TimeAndPlace^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NotInUSA20081004

PlaceOfBusiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaceOfBusiness`
Description	CYC: The collection of buildings or parts of buildings whose main purpose is the facilitation of business operations. NOTE: for a whole building that is used for some specific commercial purpose, one can use ''CommercialBuilding''. COSMO note: any kind of business operation is included in the purpose of a 'PlaceOfBusiness'. The subtype 'CommercialFacility' is used for the more specific places where direct contact with customers is part of the task of the facility. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'place of business' in WordNet: 1. (3) place of business, business establishment - (an establishment (a factory or an assembly plant or retail store or warehouse etc.) where business is conducted, goods are made or stored or processed or where services are rendered)
Super-classes	HumanOccupationConstruct^c Facility-Generic^c
Sub-classes	ServiceStation^c WaterWorks^c CommercialBuilding^c MovieTheaterSpace^c EntertainmentFacility^c MarketPlace^c TelephoneExchange^c OfficeSpace^c CommercialFacility^c Establishment^c

PlaceOfOrigin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaceOfOrigin`
Description	A ''PlaceOfOrigin'' is some generic ''Place' (Object or Region) where something of any type - an Object, an Event, a Motion a MentalObject - was created (Object) or started (Event) or began its motion (a thrown object, a flowing ojects such as a river) or a Cultural thing (an ideology, an idea, a practice). To create an instance of this requires that the 'Thing'' that originates at this place be specified. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'origin' in WordNet: 1. (11) beginning, origin, root, rootage, source - (the place where something begins, where it springs into being; 'the Italian beginning of the Renaissance'; 'Jupiter was the origin of the radiation'; 'Pittsburgh is the source of the Ohio River'; 'communism's Russian root')`
Super-classes	Place^c Provenance^c
Restrictions	isThePlaceOfOriginOf^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Source^c

PlaceOfResidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaceOfResidence`
Description	A ''PlaceOfResidence'' is some ''Place'' where a Person has his/her ''Residence'', of any size from a single address to a GeographicalArea.
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value Residence^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Residing^c
Sub-classes	Wigwam^c Residence^c HomeTown^c IndianLodge^c

PlaceWithMilitarySignificance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaceWithMilitarySignificance`
Description	A PlaceWithMilitarySignificance is some location (region, or area, not necessarily on the Earth's surface) that is of interest to military planners or to military groups. This category is mostly useful as a collecting mechanism for diverse 'places' that occur in military plans and operations.
Super-classes	Place^c
Sub-classes	Stronghold^c MilitaryFacility^c TacticalTerrainObject^c

PlaceWithaBodyOfWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaceWithaBodyOfWater`
Description	A PlaceWithaBodyOfWater is not itself a body of water, but a place including (sometimes) dry ground, where the presence of water gives it its defining characteristic.
Super-classes	Place^c

Placebo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Placebo`
Description	CYC: The collection of all placebos. Instances are given to people under the impression that they are #$DrugProducts, but they are believed by the giver to be pharmacologically inert. #$Placebos are often used as controls in experimental trials of new #$DrugProducts. NOTE: a 'Placebo' is also the term used for substances given to patients in non-testing situations, when a physician or other provider wishes to make a patient believe that smething is being done, even if no useful therappy is available. The patient may or may not be warned that the substance is not proven effective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'placebo' in WordNet: 1. placebo - (an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug)
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c Role^c ConsumableProduct^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ClinicalTrial^c

PlacementOfObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlacementOfObjects`
Description	A 'PlacementOfObjects' is a ''Pattern'' specifying the relationship of three or more objects to each other, or of one or more objects within a defined spatial area. This can be used for abstract or physical objects. For patterns of points,use ''PatternOfPoints. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'placement' in WordNet: 1. (6) placement, arrangement - (the spatial property of the way in which something is placed; 'the arrangement of the furniture'; 'the placement of the chairs')`
Super-classes	Pattern^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some SpacePoint^c relatedInternalConcept^op some Arrangement^c relatedInternalConcept^op some Configuration^c
Sub-classes	SpatialArangement^c

Placenta^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Placenta

Description

CYC: The collection of all placentas, mammalian #$Organs which form in (and attached to) the #$Uterus out of a combination of fetal and maternal tissues, which provide oxygen and food to the fetal blood supply, and remove waste products (including CO2). A #$Placenta is attached to the fetus proper via the #$UmbilicalCord.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'placenta' in WordNet:
          2. placenta - (the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals 
            providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus)

Super-classes AnimalBodyPart^c
SheetOfSomeStuff^c

PlacentalMammal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlacentalMammal`
Description	A ''PlacentalMammal'' has a ''Placenta'' that serves as interface between the pregnant mother and the developing fetus she is gestating. `CYC 'Eutheria': #$Eutheria is a specialization of #$Mammal. Each instance of #$Eutheria is a placental mammal; most mammals are members of this collection. #$Eutheria are born live, nurse from their mothers' #$MammaryGlands and live outside their mothers' bodies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'placental mammal' in WordNet: 1. placental, placental mammal, eutherian, eutherian mammal - (mammals having a placenta; all mammals except monotremes and marsupials)`
Super-classes	ViviparousAnimal^c Mammal^c
Sub-classes	Carnivore^c Bat^c SeaMammal^c Ruminant^c EquineAnimal^c Primate^c Anteater^c Rhinoceros^c Ox^c Edentate^c PigFamily^c Rodent^c Pachyderm^c

Placidness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Placidness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'placidness' in WordNet: 1. placidity, placidness - (a feeling of calmness; a quiet and undisturbed feeling)`
Super-classes	Composure^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Irritability^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value EvenTempered^c

PlagiarisedText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlagiarisedText`
Description	''PlagiarisedText'' is an abstract phrase(s), whether spoken or written, of some ''Phrase'' of any length, taken from the original author without that author's permission, and presented as though they are the original words of the plagiarist. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plagiarism' in WordNet: 2. plagiarism, plagiarization, plagiarisation, piracy - (the act of plagiarizing; taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own)`
Super-classes	Phrase^c Copy^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Plagiarism^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unethical^c

Plagiarism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plagiarism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plagiarism' in WordNet: 2. plagiarism, plagiarization, plagiarisation, piracy - (the act of plagiarizing; taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own) WN verb 'plagiarize': 1. plagiarize, plagiarise, lift - (take without referencing from someone else's writing or speech; of intellectual property)`
Super-classes	CopyrightInfringement^c MakingaCopy^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PlagiarisedText^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unethical^c isPerformedBy^op value Plagiarist^c

Plagiarist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plagiarist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plagiarist' in WordNet: 1. plagiarist, plagiarizer, plagiariser, literary pirate, pirate - (someone who uses another person's words or ideas as if they were his own)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Plagiarism^c

Plagioclase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plagioclase`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plagioclase' in WordNet: 1. plagioclase, oligoclase - (any of a series of triclinic feldspars that form rocks)`
Super-classes	Feldspar^c SolidSubstance^c Mineral^c

Plaid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plaid`
Description	A ''Plaid'' is a ''Cloth'' (a substance) with a ''PlaidPattern'' of colors on it. This is not necessarily a Tartan that is a symbol of a Scottish clan (perhaps that should be a subtype?). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plaid'and sense 1 of 'tartan' in Wordnet: 1. tartan, plaid - (a cloth having a crisscross design)`
Super-classes	Cloth^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value PlaidPattern^c

PlaidPattern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaidPattern`
Description	A ''PlaidPattern'' is a ''CrissCrossPattern'' with lines crossing a right angles, and in which the the spaces between the lines have different colors. `TODo: need to specify the angle of crossing.`
Super-classes	CrissCrossPattern^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MultiColored^c

Plain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plain`
Description	Not ornamented or decorated; not fancy. The subtype 'SolidColored'' describes a ''SurfaceAttributeValue'' that is one opposite for subtypes of ''Patterned''. `Corresponds to adjective senses 2 and 6 of 'plain' in WordNet: 2. (1) plain - (not elaborate or elaborated; simple; 'plain food'; 'stuck to the plain facts'; 'a plain blue suit'; 'a plain rectangular brick building') 6. (1) plain, bare, spare, unembellished, unornamented - (lacking embellishment or ornamentation; 'a plain hair style'; 'unembellished white walls'; 'functional architecture featuring stark unornamented concrete')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	SolidColored^c

PlainArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlainArea`
Description	A LandArea that is relatively flat, and has no more than an occasional tree. 'Plain'is disjoint with 'WoodedArea', though it may have some small wooded areas as parts. In WordNet 'field' and 'plain' are part of the same synset, but a typical usage, a field is smaller than a plain. For agricultural fields, use 'Field'. `A Plain is not necessarily flat, it can have small hills. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plain' in WordNet: 1. (1) plain, field, champaign - (extensive tract of level open land; 'they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain'; 'he longed for the fields of his youth')`
Super-classes	OutdoorObject^c Ground^c
Sub-classes	Moor^c Heath^c

Plaintiff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plaintiff

Description

A ''Plaintiff'' is a ''Litigant'' who has initiated a legal complaint (civilvor criminal) against some ''Defendant''..

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plaintiff' in WordNet:
           1. plaintiff, complainant - (a person who brings an action in a court of law)

Super-classes Litigant^c

Plan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plan`
Description	'Plan' is The closest SUMO and DOLCE elements with the intended meaning of this type. However: COSMO note: unlike SUMO and DOLCE, COSMO classifies a 'Plan' as a Procedure (a MentalObject), and the action contemplated in a Plan is a PlannedAction. They are related by the relation {Plan hasExecutionEvent PlannedAction} A Plan is related to the intended end state by a relation of the form: {Plan hasDesiredSituation GoalSituation} A Plan can exist only in the mind of an IntentionalAgent, though it may have a physical representation, as in a document. It is related to an IntentionalAgent by a relation of the form: {Plan isInTheMindOf IntentionalAgent}, or the inverse: {IntentionalAgent hasMentalObject Plan} For each Plan here is some 'PlanContext'' which is a set of circumstances under which the Plan is intended to be executed. NOTE that a 'Plan' may have an end goal which does not involve a change of state - one may plan to run two laps around a course and wind up where one starts. CYC: An instance of #$Plan is a list of instances of #$PlanStep which, when performed in a given temporal order, serve to carry out certain tasks or to accomplish a certain goal. DOLCE: A plan is a method for executing or performing a procedure or a stage of a procedure.A plan must use both at least one role played by an agent, and at least one task.Finally, a plan has a goal as proper part, and can also have regulations and other descriptions as proper parts. SUMO: A specification of a sequence of Processes which is intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time. Includes noun sense 1 of 'plan' and sense 1 of 'plan of action' in WordNet: 1. (438) plan, program, programme - (a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; 'they drew up a six-step plan'; 'they discussed plans for a new bond issue') WN noun 'plan of action': 1. plan of action - (a plan for actively doing something)
Super-classes	Procedure^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op only PlanContext^c hasExecutionEvent^op only PlannedAction^c hasDesiredSituation^op only GoalSituation^c isInTheMindOf^op some IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Tactic^c TravelPlan^c CourseOfInstructionPlan^c Strategy^c HedgingTactic^c Schedule^c Budget^c TenYearPlan^c Policy^c FiveYearPlan^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatWillDepositAndWithdrawMoney

PlanContext^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanContext

Description

A ''Context'' that is some set of circumsances under which a ''Plan'' (a Procedure specification) is intended to be executed. There may be multiple identifiable ''PossibleFutureSituation''s in one ''PlanContext'') - a ''Plan' may be executed depending on any of several possible situations ('contingencies').

       CYC:('PlanBackgroundContext-General') Instances are contexts used for reasoning about
        #$Plans. More specifically, #$PlanBackgroundContexts are
        used to store high-level information about resources,
        constraints, commitments, initial state and purpose that are
        applicable to a certain class or type of #$Plan, such as
        military COAs (see #$COASpecificationMicrotheory).  All
        #$Plans of the class in question will be established as
        specializations of the appropriate #$PlanBackgroundContext,
        so that they inherit these assumptions.

         Corresponds to part of to noun sense 1 of 'contingency' (those
            possible future situations that may affect a ''Plan'') in WordNet:
           1. (1) eventuality, contingency, contingence - (a possible event or occurrence or result)

Super-classes Group^c
PossibleFutureSituation^c
Context^c

PlanForAnOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanForAnOperation`
Description	A ''PlanForAnOperation'' is a ''Strategy'' (a complex ''Plan'') whose execution is an ''Operation'', an Activity involving two or more people.
Super-classes	Strategy^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value Operation^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value Mastermind^c

PlanType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanType`
Description	''PlanType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''Plan'' as their argument.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	LearningProcedure Plan TrialAndError DiagnosticProcedure Terrorism

Planar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planar`
Description	'Planar'' is the property of any two-dimensional object, that is, it lies completely in a single plane. In common sense, any such object must not be a ''PhysicalObject'', as it has zero width and therefore no mass. However, the cross-section of a PhysicalObject is considered in COSMO to be 'physical' although it has no mass (mass in grams = 0). So this attribute might be applied to things that are approximately planar. The combination of ''planar'' and ''TwoDimensionalGeometricThing'' would specify objects that are definitely not ''PhysicalObjects'' or parts therof. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'planar' in WordNet: 1. (2) planar, two-dimensional - (involving two dimensions)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Elliptical^c

PlanarObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanarObject`
Description	SUMO: Any TwoDimensionalFigure which has a well defined interior and exterior. `NOTE: this can be used for physical objects that have a length and width significantly larger than the depth - such as a ''Board'' or a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that is ''Rigid''. This can be but is not necessarily a PhysicalObject.`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c Object^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Planar^c
Sub-classes	TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c LanternSlide^c FlatObject^c PictureFrame^c WindowFrame^c Dreamcatcher^c

Plane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plane`
Description	An unbounded TwoDimensional region on which TwoDimenstional figures may be located. This is an abstract mathematical thing. For a planar physical object, use 'SheetOfSomeStuff'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plane' in WordNet: 2. (16) plane, sheet - ((mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape; 'we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane'; 'any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane')`
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c
Sub-classes	CrossSection^c

PlaneAngleMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaneAngleMeasure`
Description	The value of an angle in a plane.
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Radian^c AngularDegree^c
In range of	hasGeoOrientation^op

PlaneFigure-Geometrical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaneFigure-Geometrical`
Description	An instance of #$GeometricShapeType and a specialization of #$Figure-Geometrical and #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing (qq.v.). Each instance of #$PlaneFigure-Geometrical is an intangible two-dimensional geometrical figure, i.e. a two-dimensional part of some (flat or curved) plane. This collection includes, for instance, intangible #$Polygons and #$Discs.
Super-classes	GeometricFigure^c TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Sub-classes	Ellipse^c SpadeShape^c Polygon^c

Planet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planet`
Description	Any non-Earth planet orbiting any sun. A Planet is a large solid object that orbits a star. But there is not a clear distinction between planet-like objects that are large enough to fit the formal definition of 'planet' and those that are not quite large enough. The recent (ca. 2010) debate over whether to consider Pluto as a 'planet' is an example of how the definition is to some extent fuzzy. `The word 'world' can also apply to non-Earth planets, as in part of sense 15 of 'world' in RHW: 15. any heavenly body: the starry worlds. Except for earth, corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'planet' in Wordnet: 3. planet - (any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star)`
Super-classes	AstronomicalBody^c Planet-Generic^c
Restrictions	orbits^op some Star^c
Sub-classes	NonEarthPlanet^c

Planet-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planet-Generic`
Description	Any planet orbiting any sun, including the Earth. We make the distinction in order to avoid specifying that the Earth is located in the 'OuterSpaceVacuum', which is outside of Earth. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'planet' in WordNet, but does not include asteroids or near-planets like Pluto' is now judged to be: 3. planet - (any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c Place^c SphericalObject^c AstronomicalBody^c LargeObject^c AstronomicalObject^c
Sub-classes	SolarPlanet^c Planet^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnspecifiedPlanet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth

Planetarium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planetarium`
Description	CYC: This is the collection of planetariums. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'planetarium' in WordNet: 1. planetarium - (a building housing an instrument for projecting the positions of the planets onto a domed ceiling)`
Super-classes	TheaterBuilding^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value UrbanArea^c usesDeviceType^op value PlanetariumProjector^c hasPhysicalPart^op value DomedCeiling^c physicallyContains^op value PlanetariumProjector^c

PlanetariumProjector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanetariumProjector`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'planetarium' in WordNet: 2. planetarium - (an optical device for projecting images of celestial bodies and other astronomical phenomena onto the inner surface of a hemispherical dome)`
Super-classes	Projector^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Planetarium^c

PlanetaryOrbiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanetaryOrbiting`
Description	''PlanetaryOrbiting'' is the orbiting of a Planet around its star (including any Planet in our Solar system around our sun.
Super-classes	Orbiting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Planet^c

PlanetaryPole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanetaryPole`
Description	A 'PlanetaryPole' is either of the two points on a Planet's nominal suface (geoid) that are on the axis of rotation. The most frequently referenced PlanetaryPoles are the Earth's NorthPole and SouthPole. NOTE: Since it was discovered that the actual poles of the Earth (and presumably other planets) can move somewhat from year to year, this notion is somewhat ambiguous. It is possible to fix a pole at some particular point in time, and refer to that pole; or to refer to the (estimated) instantaneous location of the pole at any one time. The poles of the WGS84 datum are instances of the subtype 'WGS84Pole'. Corresponds to a supertype of sense 7 of 'pole' in WordNet, broader to include the poles of other planets: in WordNet: 7. pole - (one of two antipodal points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface)
Super-classes	CenterOfRotation^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some GeographicalRegion[Cyc-includes_other_planets]^c
Sub-classes	EarthPole^c

PlanetarySatellite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanetarySatellite`
Description	Any satellite of any size orbiting any planet. This can be natural, as a moon, or artificial, or so small a natural body as to not qualify as a ''Moon'', which is a subtype. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'satellite' (planetary satellites, or 'star satellites') in WordNet: 3. satellite - (any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c ConvexTangibleObject^c
Restrictions	orbits^op some Planet-Generic^c
Sub-classes	ArtificialSatellite^c Moon^c

PlanetarySurfaceObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanetarySurfaceObject`
Description	In COSMO, this type includes those physical portions of the Earth (a ''GeographicalThing'') that are near to the surface including the atmosphere of the planet, which is a physical object. But the usage here differs somewhat from that in Cyc, in that this category must be a physical object, and is not a space region. Cyc comment: A specialization of #$GeographicalThing and #$Surface-Physical. Each instance of #$GeographicalRegion is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually #$PlanetEarth), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g., language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. #$TimeZones). In dualist geopolitical contexts [see #$DualistGeopoliticalMt], instances of #$GeopoliticalEntity are also considered to be instances of #$GeographicalRegion. In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of #$GeographicalRegion contrast in this respect with the instances of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible, which are wholly intangible. Examples of #$GeographicalRegion include #$RockyMountainStates-USRegion, the #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$SinaiPeninsula, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts - #$YaleUniversity and #$CityOfPittsburghPA. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections #$LanguageArea, #$TimeZone, #$PostalCodeRegion, #$EcologicalRegion, #$ConstructionSite, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts -- #$GeopoliticalEntity. No instances of #$GeographicalRegion are wholly indoor locations. Corresponds most closely sense 1 of 'geological formation' in Wordnet: 1. geological formation, formation - ((geology) the geological features of the earth)
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c GeographicalThing^c Surface-Open^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c hasReferenceLocation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c
Sub-classes	Roadway^c WaterBodyBed^c LoopedPathway^c LandArea^c MineralVein^c BodyOfIce^c RiverDelta^c PileOfSnow^c Stream^c BodyOfWater^c IceFloe^c

GeographicalRegion[Cyc-includes_other_planets]^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanetarySurfaceRegion`
Description	''PlanetarySurfaceRegion'' is a region of space at the surface of any planet; for the space region (not objects) at the surface of Earth use ''GeographicalRegion''. In COSMO, this type includes any region on or near the surface of Earth, including the region that contains its atmosphere. But the usage here differs from that in Cyc, and this category is not a physical object. For physical objects at the surface of a planet, see 'PlanetarySurfaceObject'. Cyc comment: A specialization of #$GeographicalThing and #$Surface-Physical. Each instance of #$GeographicalRegion is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually #$PlanetEarth), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g., language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. #$TimeZones). In dualist geopolitical contexts [see #$DualistGeopoliticalMt], instances of #$GeopoliticalEntity are also considered to be instances of #$GeographicalRegion. In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of #$GeographicalRegion contrast in this respect with the instances of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible, which are wholly intangible. Examples of #$GeographicalRegion include #$RockyMountainStates-USRegion, the #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$SinaiPeninsula, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts - #$YaleUniversity and #$CityOfPittsburghPA. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections #$LanguageArea, #$TimeZone, #$PostalCodeRegion, #$EcologicalRegion, #$ConstructionSite, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts - #$GeopoliticalEntity. No instances of #$GeographicalRegion are wholly indoor locations.
Super-classes	GeographicalThing^c PhysicalSpaceRegion^c Surface-Generic^c
Sub-classes	GeographicalRegion^c

Plank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plank`
Description	A 'Plank' is a 'Board' made of wood, at least several feet long, and sufficiently thick and wide to support substantial weight (greater than 50 pounds) at the ends or in the middle. It must be made of Wood. If newer related objects of similar functionality come to be called a 'plank', they will have to be in a different class. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'plank' in WordNet: 1. (9) board, plank - (a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes)`
Super-classes	Board^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c

Planned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planned`
Description	''Planned'' is the attribute of an ''Event'' or Object that was the subject of a ''PlnningEvent''prior to its execution.or creation. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'planned' in Wordnet: 1. (5) planned - (designed or carried out according to a plan; 'the planned outlays for new equipment')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Systematic^c Self-Help^c Logistical^c

PlannedAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlannedAction`
Description	A ''PlannedAction'' is an Action that has not yet happened and would be expected to happen if a Plan is executed would be an Execution of (at least part of) that''Plan''. The specific ''Plan'' should be specified as the value of the relation ''isAnExecutionOf''. `NOTE that a ''PlannedAction'' is an Action that is itself a ''DesiredFutureSituation'' and in addition,if successful will cause a ''GoalSituation'' that is a PersistentState (and a subtype of 'DesiredFutureSituation'').`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some (GoalSituation^c or GoalType^c or Plan^c or PlanType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Planned^c isAnExecutionOf^op some (GoalSituation^c or GoalType^c or Plan^c or PlanType^c) isDesiredIn^op value Plan^c
Sub-classes	Rendezvous^c SupportingAction^c BusinessOperation^c Implementation^c In-HouseOperation^c

Planner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planner`
Description	This is ay person who makes a 'plan' of any kind for ay kind of activty - not necessarily a professional. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'planner' in WordNet: 1. (4) planner, contriver, deviser - (a person who makes plans)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MakingaPlan^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op some PlanningEvent^c
Sub-classes	Strategist^c

PlanningAnOperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanningAnOperation`
Description	''PlanningAnOperation'' is 'MakingaPlan' in which the ''Plan'' specifies at least an outline and possibly also details of how an ''Operation'' (an Activity involving at least two people) is to be conducted.
Super-classes	MakingaPlan^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PlanForAnOperation^c hasTopic^op value Operation^c
Sub-classes	Production^c

PlanningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanningEvent`
Description	Called 'Planning' in both Cyc and SUMO. COSMO note: the difference betwen this type and 'MakingaPlan' is that a PlanningEvent may not actually produce a Plan, it may be incomplete, or continued at another time, or abandoned. For PlanningEvents that result in a Plan, use 'MakingaPlan'. An instance of 'MakingaPlan' may have multiple 'PlanningEvent's as subevents. Cyc: An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$PurposefulAction and #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$Planning is an event in which an #$IntelligentAgent (or #$Group thereof) thinks about how it will influence a future course of events. #$Planning is not the same as #$MakingAPlan, since one can plan without actually producing a #$Plan. Rather, #$MakingAPlan is a specialization of #$Planning. SUMO: Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a set of goals or objectives. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'plan' in WordNet: 2. (27) plan - (make plans for something; 'He is planning a trip with his family') 3. (17) plan, project, contrive, design - (make or work out a plan for; devise; 'They contrived to murder their boss'; 'design a new sales strategy'; 'plan an attack') WN verb 'plan': 1. (44) plan, be after - (have the will and intention to carry out some action; 'He plans to be in graduate school next year'; 'The rebels had planned turmoil and confusion')
Super-classes	MentalEvent^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Plan^c isCausedBy^op value Intending^c
Sub-classes	LongRangePlanning^c Plotting^c MakingaPlan^c Aspiring^c

Plant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plant`
Description	CYC: The collection of all individual plants, an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType and a specialization of #$EukaryoticOrganism. #$Plant is a member of the #$BiologicalKingdom and contains the primary subjects of #$Botany. The instances of this collections are typically stationary, living, whole organisms; the cells of plants generally lack cholesterol and have cell walls that include substances of #$Cellulose. Most, though not all, plants are capable of making sugars by #$Photosynthesis-Plant processes and have green parts. Some example subsets of #$Plant are the collections #$RoseBush, #$SpruceTree, and #$Moss. SUMO: An Organism having cellulose cell walls, growing by synthesis of Substances, generally distinguished by the presence of chlorophyll, and lacking the power of locomotion. This type represents 'vegetable' in the triad 'animal, vegetable or minersal' Corresponds to sense 3 of 'vegetable' in RHW: 3. any member of the vegetable kingdom; plant. THere is no similar sense of 'vegetable' in WordNet. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'plant' in WordNet, however in COSMO a 'plant' is not necessarily living: in Wordnet: 2. (207) plant, flora, plant life - (a living organism lacking the power of locomotion)
Super-classes	PlantBLO^c EukaryoticOrganism^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value VegetableMatter^c
Sub-classes	PlantedPlant^c HempPlant^c Weed^c EmbryophyteSubkingdom^c PoisonIvy^c GardenPlant^c NonFloweringPlant^c BryophytaDivision^c VascularPlant^c PoisonousPlant^c HousePlant^c Plant-Woody^c Plant-NonWoody^c

Plant-NonWoody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plant-NonWoody`
Description	CYC: The collection of non-woody, herbaceous #$Plants. Those #$Plants such as grasses, herbs, wildflowers, etc. which are fairly low-growing, often annual, and don't grow woody stems. Excludes large, hard bamboos, and Balsa.
Super-classes	Plant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonWoody^c
Sub-classes	EggplantBush^c Vegetable-Plant^c Clover^c Ragweed^c PineapplePlant^c VenusFlyTrap^c Teasel^c CruciferousPlant^c HempFamily^c SucculentPlant^c SugarcanePlant^c Ginseng^c GrassFamily^c Canna^c GingerPlant^c Milkweed^c

Plant-Woody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plant-Woody`
Description	A specialization of #$Plant and #$TerrestrialOrganism. Each instance of #$Plant-Woody is a plant whose trunk, stems, or branches (and usually roots) are woody. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woody plant' in WordNet: 1. woody plant, ligneous plant - (a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems)`
Super-classes	TerrestrialOrganism^c Plant^c
Sub-classes	EvergreenPlant^c DeciduousPlant^c Bush^c Acacia^c Juniper^c Tree^c

PlantBLO^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantBLO`
Description	A specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject that includes all plants and parts of plants. #$PlantBLO is thus the union (see #$collectionUnion) of #$Plant and #$PlantPart (qq.v.). `COSMO note: this is not a subtype of Organism. For whole plants, see 'Plant'.`
Super-classes	BiologicalLivingObject^c
Sub-classes	Plant^c PlantPart^c SpiceObject^c

PlantBranch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantBranch`
Description	Any secondary stem that is not the identifiable main stem of a plant. `SUMO: The stem of a Plant or any shoot arising from the stem of a Plant. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'branch' in WordNet: 2. (15) branch - (a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c LongAndThinThing^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	Twig^c TreeBranch^c

PlantBud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantBud`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bud' in WordNet: 2. (2) bud - (a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals)`
Super-classes	Sprout^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immature^c
Sub-classes	FlowerBud^c

PlantCane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantCane`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cane' in WordNet: 2. cane - (a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane)`
Super-classes	Stalk^c
Sub-classes	SugarCane^c

PlantCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantCovering`
Description	A 'FruitSkin' or 'FruitRind' or surface portion of a vegetable, such as a potato skin, but excluding the husk of a nut. See the subtypes. `NOTE: for the soft and edible 'skin' of fruits such as nectarines or grapes, use the subtype ''FruitSkin''. Includes sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'peel' (excluding nuts) in Wordnet: 1. skin, rind, peel - (the tissue forming the hard outer layer (of e.g. a fruit))`
Super-classes	BodyCovering^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some Plant^c
Sub-classes	FruitRind^c FruitSkin^c FruitParing^c

PlantDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantDisease`
Description	A ''PlantDisease'' is an abnormal ''OrganismCondition''in Plants that is harmful to the Plant. `. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plant disease' in WordNet: 1. plant disease - (a disease that affects plants)`
Super-classes	Disease^c RelativeState^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some PlantType^c
Sub-classes	Blight^c

PlantGland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantGland`
Description	A 'PlantGland'' is a part of a Plant that secretes some substance, internally or externally.
Super-classes	PlantOrgan^c
Restrictions	secretes^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Nectary^c

PlantJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantJuice`
Description	Liquid derived by a natural or manufacturing process from fruit or vegetables, usually for use as a food. This is more restricted than the WordNet sense, but includes extracts that have some component of solids, such as tomato juice or orange juice. @ToDo: relate to ''SqueezingEvent''? In Cyc called 'Juice'. That term is used in COSMO to include liquids derived from any organism. Cyc: 'Juice': Instances of #$Juice are quantities of liquid derived from fruits or other plant parts by either squeezing them or pulverizing them. Instances of #$Juice consist mostly of water, with bits of plant tissue and dissolved compounds (e.g., sugars). Many kinds of #$Juice are considered to be #$Drink; i.e., they are typically drunk as is, possibly chilled. Other kinds of #$Juice are considered only food ingredients, such as lime or lemon juice. Still other kinds of #$Juice might not be considered food at all, such as the #$Juice one might obtain by squeezing a bunch of grass clippings. Corresponds to part ('plant') of noun sense 1 of 'juice' in WordNet. For the more general sense, use 'Juice'. in WordNet: 1. (2) juice - (the liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue)
Super-classes	Juice^c FruitAndVegetableFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	FruitJuice^c

PlantMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantMaterial`
Description	''PlantMaterial'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' (liquid or solid) derived from a ''Plant'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plant material' in WordNet: 1. plant material - (material derived from plants)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Bran^c Straw^c

PlantOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantOrgan`
Description	A Wordnet category. `NOTE that 'gland' is used in COSMO only for animal organs. This can include 'glands' in pants that secrete some substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plant organ' in WordNet: 1. plant organ - (a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c
Sub-classes	PlantReproductiveStructure^c PlantGland^c Sprout^c

PlantOrganicProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantOrganicProcess`
Description	`Any Organic Process that is characteristic of a ''Plant''.`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Plant^c or PlantType^c)
Sub-classes	Blooming^c

PlantOvary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantOvary`
Description	A Wordnet category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ovary' in WordNet: 1. ovary - (the organ that bears the ovules of a flower)
Super-classes	PlantReproductiveStructure^c

PlantPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantPart`
Description	A specialization of #$PlantBLO and #$OrganismPart. Each instance of this collection is a physical part of some #$Plant. An important specialization of this collection is #$BotanicalOrgan; but #$PlantPart also includes many smaller plant parts which display a similar level of organization - they have vascular tissue, ground tissue, and an epidermis - but are not included in the traditional understanding of a #$BotanicalOrgan (i.e. leaves, stems, roots and flowers). See also #$PlantPartType. `We allow mushrooms to be a 'plant' for this purpose (wordnet general sense includes mushrooms).: In SUMO called 'PlantAnatomicalStructure' SUMO: AnatomicalStructures that are possessed exclusively by Plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plant part' in WordNet: 1. plant part, plant structure - (any part of a plant or fungus)`
Super-classes	PlantBLO^c SolidObject^c OrganismPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (Plant^c or Mushroom^c) consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value VegetableMatter^c
Sub-classes	Aril^c PlantBranch^c BambooCane^c Kernel^c Turnip^c SeedHusk^c Spore^c Thorn^c AsparagusSpear^c Wicker^c CactusSpine^c Flower^c Stem^c TreeBark^c Calyx^c Prickle^c Fruit^c Beet^c Root^c Gynoecium^c Bean^c Leaf^c CutFlower^c PlantOrgan^c PlantCovering^c EdibleNut^c Tuber^c Carrot^c Foliage^c Corolla^c PollenGrain^c Artichoke^c Radish^c

PlantPartType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantPartType`
Description	PlantPartType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege rdfs:Class that can serve as type for plant parts and an argument restriction for various relations on parts of plants. `NOTE that this is not asubtype of ''ObjectType'' nor of ''SubstanceType'' so it can be used for either plant objects or plant substances, but must then be accompanied by another 'type' assertion to differentiate the objects from sbstances.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	FruitType^c FlowerType^c
Members	Foliage FloralLeaf TreeTrunk Beanstalk Clove PeanutKernel Bean Petal TeaLeaf Pistil Wicker Leaf TreeBranch Kernel Nut-TheFruit Stalk Turnip Cranberry NutShell PlantStyle Sprout Stamen Blueberry Ovule VascularTissue Tuber Peanut WalnutShell Seed FruitPit Pea AlmondKernel PlantStigma Xylem Corm Spore BladeOfGrass GrainSeed Acorn TreeBark Sepal PlantOrgan SugarCane Calyx Walnut PlantBranch Almond Nectary PlantStraw CoffeeBean Carpel WalnutKernel PlantCane SeedShell Pericarp Prickle Gynoecium FlowerBud AsparagusSpear SeedPod PlantReproductiveStructure Currant Raspberry Aril EdibleFruit PlantOvary PeanutShell Burr Rhizome Blackberry Strawberry Cotyledon Shell Stem PollenGrain Berry Corolla Anther Beet Artichoke Drupe SeedHusk Thorn Radish Twig PlantBud PlantGland PlantTissue Root Carrot

PlantProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantProduct`
Description	COSMO: substance, not an object. A PlantProduct is not necessarily organic, though most are. `Cyc: The collection of #$Products that are plants or plant parts (individually or in bulk), or substances derived from plants, which are produced by people or countries and made available for use, sale or exchange. If an item is a plant or plant part, it is also an instance of #$VegetableMatter. In SUMO called 'PlantSubstance' SUMO: BodySubstances that are produced exclusively by Plants.`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	Opium^c Muslin^c Wood^c Marijuana^c Tobacco^c VegetableOil^c Coffee-Ground^c Nectar^c Flour^c Cellulose^c Alkaloid^c NaturalRubber^c Linen^c Cotton^c Straw^c Cork^c Sap^c Puree^c CoffeeBeans^c BarkTissue^c Hemp^c Gum^c

PlantReproductiveStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantReproductiveStructure`
Description	A Wordnet category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reproductive structure' in WordNet: 1. reproductive structure - (the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction)
Super-classes	PlantOrgan^c
Sub-classes	Rhizome^c PlantStigma^c Pistil^c Anther^c PlantOvary^c PlantStyle^c Corm^c Stamen^c Seed^c Flower^c Ovule^c

PlantStigma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantStigma`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stigma' in WordNet: 1. stigma - (the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil)`
Super-classes	PlantReproductiveStructure^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value PlantStyle^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Pistil^c isAtTheEndOf^op value Pistil^c

PlantStraw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantStraw

Description

A single stem of a grain plant, whether dried or not. For the substance consisting of many PlantStraw's see 'Straw'.

      Corresponds to sense 1 of 'straw' in RHW:
      1. a single stalk or stem, esp. of certain species of grain,
          chiefly wheat, rye, oats, and barley.
      None of the Wordnet sense of 'straw' match this exactly; the closest
       is noun sense 1 (which seems like a substance, but sense 2 is more
         explicitly the substance ('material'):
      in WordNet:
        1. (10) straw - (plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder)

Super-classes Stem^c

PlantStyle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantStyle`
Description	`RHW 'style': 15. Bot. a narrow, usually cylindrical and more or less filiform extension of the pistil, which, when present, bears the stigma at its apex. See diag. under flower. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'style' in WordNet: 6. style - ((botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma)`
Super-classes	PlantReproductiveStructure^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value PlantStigma^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Pistil^c

PlantTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantTissue`
Description	''PlantTissue'' represents any of the different types of ''Tissue'' (substances that consist of aggregates of cells) found in Plants. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plant tissue' in WordNet: 1. (1) plant tissue - (the tissue of a plant)`
Super-classes	Tissue^c
Sub-classes	VascularTissue^c

PlantType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantType`
Description	PlantType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for a Plant. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	OrganismType^c
Sub-classes	TreeOrBushType^c
In range of	isTheFruitOfa^op isTheTuberOfa^op
Members	TeaOrder FloweringPlant Fungus Liverwort MuscatGrapeVine CarnationPlant Moss OliveOrder PoisonousPlant Daffodil TeaPlant Acacia Azalea AsterPlant LaurelOrder BakersYeast TulipPlant CorkTree CashewTree Reed GrapefruitTree MahoganyTree AppleTree LilacPlant PeaPlant Cauliflower VascularPlant CapsicumPepperPlant ArtichokePlant Mushroom DicotSubclass CayennePepperPlant LemonTree TracheophytaDivision GourdOrder ParsnipPlant BasilPlant Coriander Mistletoe VanillaExtract Spurge Vegetable-Plant Mallow Alga MagnoliaOrder Ginseng Sesame BirchTree TurnipPlant Spermatophyte NonFloweringPlant OliveTree LettucePlant SweetBasil Geranium CarrotPlant CherryTree Ivy FruitPlant LavenderPlant ConiferousTree ClimbingVine Grass-Plant CropPlant RadishPlant ChivesPlant BoxElder Sunflower Yucca CommonJuniper ApricotTree Gladiola FlaxPlant Wormwood GourdPlant Holly Hydrangea Rhododendron NettleOrder Narcissus Ragweed FlaxSeed EvergreenPlant BalsamPlant PterophytinaSubdivision Orchid MuskmelonPlant Poinsettia AsparagusPlant BryophytaDivision VanillaPlant WaterLily LimeTree OatPlant CabbagePlant CeleryPlant PomegranateTree EggplantBush MustardPlant SugarcanePlant Juniper EggplantPlant Seedling CucumberPlant OrangeTree Teasel ZucchiniPlant BeechTree BlackberryBush CottonPlant Ginkgo BambooPlant Thistle BirchOrder Verbena Wildflower Lichen ChrysanthemumPlant Vine WillowTree Clover PumpkinPlant RomaineLettucePlant EmbryophyteSubkingdom SweetPotatoPlant ParsleyPlant GrapeVine Bonsai CitrusFruitTree Plant RosemaryPlant BulbousPlant AquaticPlant Agave LegumeOrder SweetPea Honeysuckle Bryophyte Marjoram EbonyTree Mildew Milkweed GardenPlant WatermelonPlant RedwoodTree CuminPlant BeechOrder GeraniumOrder SoybeanPlant VenusFlyTrap Yeast PoppyPlant Plant-Woody PineapplePlant PussyWillow AvocadoTree CultivatedPlant CurrantBush FilicopsidaClass BarleyPlant Angiosperm MarshPlant Weed MallowOrder MelonPlant BlueberryBush Seaweed Fern VioletPlant DandelionPlant Origanum ElmTree SucculentPlant Mold-Fungus Diatom CerealPlant LicoricePlant DaisyPlant DeciduousPlant CranberryBush MusciClass HousePlant HerbPlant BottleGourd BeanPlant Bush CornPlant PansyPlant CannaLily PhloxPlant SpinachPlant Plant-NonWoody Canna OnionPlant GardenPink PlantedPlant OakTree HempPlant GraminaceousPlant SquashPlant PoisonIvy Cattail NutmegTree MapleTree FennelPlant DesertPlant ThymePlant Camellia PotatoPlant Sapling CruciferousPlant Peyote Broccoli

Plantation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plantation`
Description	A ''Plantation'' is a ''LandedEstate'' that grows cash crops. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plantation' in WordNet: 1. (4) plantation - (an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas))`
Super-classes	LandedEstate^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Farm^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value RaisingCrops^c

Planted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planted

Description

''Planted'' is the attribute of a ''Plant'' that has been intentionally placed in soil in a ''PlantingaPlant'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'planted' in Wordnet:
          2. planted - (set in the soil for growth)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

PlantedPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantedPlant`
Description	A ''PlantedPlant'' is any ''Plant'' that was intentionally ''Planted''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cultivated plant' in WordNet: 1. cultivated plant - (plants that are grown for their produce)`
Super-classes	Plant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Planted^c isProducedByEventType^op value PlantingaPlant^c

Planter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planter`
Description	A ''Planter'' is a ''Farmer'' who manages and owns or is a part owner of a ''Plantation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'planter' in WordNet: 1. (7) planter, plantation owner - (the owner or manager of a plantation)`
Super-classes	Manager^c Farmer^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value Plantation^c hasOwnershipIn^op value Plantation^c performsAction^op value RaisingCrops^c

PlanterFlowerpot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlanterFlowerpot`
Description	A ''PlanterFlowerpot'' is an ''Ornamental'' ''Flowerpot'' used indoors to hold ''HousePlant''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'planter' in WordNet: 3. planter - (a decorative pot for house plants)`
Super-classes	Flowerpot^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value HousePlant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GrowingHousePlants^c isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op value IndoorLocation^c

Planting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Planting`
Description	A ''Planting'' is a Group of ''Plant''s that have been planted intentionally, all within some contiguous area. The ''Plant''s can be of any kind and the area covered can as small as part of a garden, or as large as a forest. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'planting' in WordNet: 2. planting - (a collection of plants (trees or shrubs or flowers) in a particular area; "the landscape architect suggested a small planting in the northwest corner")`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PlantedPlant^c

PlantingASeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantingASeed`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which a seed is intentionally placed in or covered with soil
Super-classes	PlantingaPlant^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Seed^c
Sub-classes	Sowing^c

PlantingaPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlantingaPlant`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which a (usually immature) plant or seed is intentionally placed in or covered with soil. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plant' in WordNet: 1. (8) plant, set - (put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground; 'Let's plant flowers in the garden') WN noun 'planting': 1. (3) planting - (the act of fixing firmly in place; 'he ordered the planting of policemen outside every doorway')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c HandlingAnObject^c Motion^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Planted^c hadObjectMoved^op value PlantBLO^c hadThingTransferred^op value PlantBLO^c hadObjectHandled^op value PlantBLO^c
Sub-classes	PlantingASeed^c

Plaque^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plaque`
Description	A 'Plaque' is a 'CommemorativeObject' made of metal (usually brass), commemorates some person or Event, but is a SmallObject and is thus not a 'ConstructionArtifact'. It should have some kind of writing on it. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'plaque' in WordNet: 2. (1) brass, memorial tablet, plaque - (a memorial made of brass)`
Super-classes	CommemorativeObject^c
Restrictions	commemorates^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)

Plasma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plasma`
Description	A state of matter consisting of ions or other charged particles moving freely or confined to some region of space by magnetic fields. NOTE: a ''Plasma'' does not have to be hot, cold plasma exists under certain circumstances. The essense is the collection of charged particles interacting CYC 'Plasma-StateOfMatter': A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState. Each instance of #$Plasma-StateOfMatter is an object in the plasma state of matter. Matter existing in this state is at sufficiently high temperatures and pressures (for the kind of matter it is) that all molecules are completely ionized and those ions move freely away from each other. Plasmas don't exist naturally on Earth, but do exist inside stars. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'plasma' in WordNet: 3. plasma - ((physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons; 'particles in space exist in the form of a plasma')
Super-classes	SubstanceByState^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value ChargedParticle^c

Plaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plaster`
Description	RHW: 1. a composition, as of lime or gypsum, sand, water, and sometimes hair or other fiber, applied in a pasty form to walls, ceilings, etc., and allowed to harden and dry. `CYC: 'PlasterTheConstructionMaterial': A pasty substance (composed of lime, water, and sand) that hardens on drying and is used for coating walls, ceilings, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plaster' in WordNet: 1. (2) plaster - (a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c Mineral^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CoveringSomething^c hasComponentSubstance^op value QuickLime^c
Sub-classes	Stucco^c Grout^c

PlasterBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasterBoard`
Description	A board used in large sheets to cover walls and ceilings as a substitute for plaster. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plasterboard' in WordNet: 1. plasterboard, gypsum board - (wallboard with a gypsum plaster core bounded to layers of paper or fiberboard; used instead of plaster or wallboard to make interior walls)`
Super-classes	WallBoard^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Gypsum^c

PlasterOfParis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasterOfParis

Description

''PlasterOfParis'' is a powdered form of ''CalciumSulfate' that is used to make solid objects in special shapes by moistening the powder and putting it into some form of ''Mold'' and letting it harden to form the object in the shape desired.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plaster of Paris' in WordNet:
           1. (1) plaster of Paris, plaster - (any of several gypsum cements; a white powder 
             (a form of calcium sulphate) that forms a paste when mixed with water
             and hardens into a solid; used in making molds and sculptures and casts for broken limbs)

Super-classes Powder^c
CalciumSulfate^c

Plastic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plastic`
Description	$Plastic is a specialization of #$ArtificialMaterial. Each instance of #$Plastic is a piece of some type of plastic. This collection includes plastics of all kinds: artificial, mostly polymeric, inedible, organic moldable hydrocarbons. Some common types are #$Rayon, #$Nylon, polyethylene, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plastic' in WordNet: 1. (5) plastic - (generic name for certain synthetic or semisynthetic materials that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or filaments or used for making e.g. coatings and adhesives)
Super-classes	Polymer^c OrganicSubstance^c SyntheticSubstance^c
Sub-classes	PlasticFilm^c RayonStuff^c ThermoplasticSubstance^c Polyethylene^c Nylon^c Polyester^c Vinyl^c

PlasticBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasticBag`
Description	CYC: The collection of bags made of plastic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plastic bag' in WordNet: 1. plastic bag - (a bag made of thin plastic material)`
Super-classes	Bag^c PieceOfPlasticFilm^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Plastic^c
Sub-classes	TrashBag^c

PlasticFilm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasticFilm`
Description	Cyc: The collection of all instances of plastic film. `Corresponds to part of sense 4 of 'film' in Wordnet: 4. (28) film, plastic film - (a thin sheet of (usually plastic and usually transparent) material used to wrap or cover things)`
Super-classes	SheetlikeSubstance^c Plastic^c Film-SheetOrCoating^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c
Sub-classes	PlasticWrap^c

PlasticSurgery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasticSurgery`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plastic surgery' in WordNet: 1. plastic surgery, reconstructive surgery, anaplasty - (surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue)`
Super-classes	OptionalSurgery^c ImprovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	CosmeticSurgery^c

PlasticType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasticType`
Description	''PlasticType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Plastic'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Plastic''s.
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c SolidSubstanceType^c
Members	Vinyl Plastic PlasticFilm Polyester PlasticWrap RayonStuff Nylon Polyethylene

PlasticWrap^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasticWrap

Description

WrapperStuff made of plastic, not necessarily clear. Includes large diameter sheets used in packaging items on a pallet.

      Includes but is broader (not just clear plastic)  than noun sense 1 of 'plastic wrap' in WordNet:
         1. plastic wrap - (wrapping consisting of a very thin transparent sheet of plastic)

Super-classes WrapperStuff^c
PlasticFilm^c

PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars`
Description	A ''PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars'' is a ''PlasticWrappedPackage'' in which the cotents are some type of candy bar.
Super-classes	PlasticWrappedPackage^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only CandyBar^c

PlasticWrappedPackOfEightChocolateBars^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasticWrappedPackOfEightChocolateBars`
Description	A ''PlasticWrappedPackOfEightChocolateBars'' should be identical in inherited properties with ''EightPackOfChocolateBars'', but in this case using the subtype ''EightChocolateBars'' of ''QuantityOfSomething''.
Super-classes	PlasticWrappedPackage^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op only EightChocolateBars^c

PlasticWrappedPackage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlasticWrappedPackage`
Description	A ''PlasticWrappedPackage'' is a ''WrappedPackage'' for which the wrapping material is ''PlasticWrap''. This is generic and when needed the type of plastic can be specified more explicitly.
Super-classes	WrappedPackage^c
Restrictions	isCompletelySurrounded3DBy^op value PlasticWrap^c
Sub-classes	PlasticWrappedPackOfEightChocolateBars^c PackOfChocolateBars^c PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars^c

Plate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plate

Description

In WordNet, a subtype of 'dish': For a plate of steel or wood or plastic, use 'SheetOfSomeStuff' and its subtypes. This type includes wooden,metal, plastic, and glass Plates. Dishes that are made of ceramic would also be instances of 'China-Dinnerware'

      For the generic 'plate' that is a sheet of some rigid material,
        use ''Board''.

      In RHW, 'plate' appears to be distinguished by its function in
      being the dish from which food is eaten; other dishes may only
      be for serving or preparation.

    4. (3) plate - (dish on which food is served or from which food is eaten)

    Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'plate' in Wordnet:
     1. (9) dish - (a piece of dishware normally used as a container for
        holding or serving food; 'we gave them a set of dishes for a wedding present')

Super-classes Dish^c

PlateGlass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlateGlass

Description

The substance Glass, in the form of a moderately rigid sheet. This is technically not the same as blown glass, which can be made in sizes so large it can be used for window glass. However, the two are included inthis type at this point (rev809), and may be distinguished later.

      NOTE: the term 'plate glass' is usually used for sheets of glass made by
        a special proces on a flat surface, in contrast to glass made by blowing large cylinders 
        that is approximately flat - and not as free of imperfections.
        Distinction not needed at this point.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plate glass' in WordNet:
         1. plate glass, sheet glass - (glass formed into large thin sheets)

Super-classes Glass^c
SheetlikeSubstance^c

Plateau^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plateau`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$LandTopographicalFeatures. Each #$Plateau is an elevated, level or nearly level portion of the earth's surface, larger in summit area than a #$Mountain and bounded on at least one side by steep slopes, occurring on land or in oceans. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plateau' in WordNet: 1. tableland, plateau - (a relatively flat highland)`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c Protrusion^c Highland^c
Sub-classes	Mesa^c

Platform^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Platform`
Description	COSMO: A Platform is a PhysicalObject with a relatively flat upper surface that was created with a main function of serving as support for people, or for devices to enable their use. It may be stationary, or, as in the military sense (see ''WeaponsPlatform''), it may be seaborne, or airborne, or mobile on land; it may have storage components, such as the naval ships that are seaborne weapons 'platforms' or airborne platforms. It may be large or small. The top part of a larger object may be designated as a 'Platform', or the whole object itself may be considered as a 'Platform'. The generic ''Platform'' does not have to havea flat top, as helicopters are included in the military sense. NOTE: The specifically military sense military is represented as '''WeaponsPlatform''; perhaps the 'stage' for performing should be in a completely separate branch?. The 'stage' for performing (or speaking) is the subtype ''StageForPerformances''. This differs from the OpenCyc; in COSMO a 'Platform' does not have to be a ConstructionArtifact. Therefore a Table-Furniture is a Platform in COSMO. Cyc: a large, flat, construction artifact which is usually elevated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platform' in Wordnet: 1. (5) platform - (a raised horizontal surface; 'the speaker mounted the platform')
Super-classes	FlatToppedObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c SupportingObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	DrillingRig^c FootRest^c Table-Furniture^c StageForPerformances^c ViewingStage^c ShipsDeck^c OffstageArea^c HurricaneDeck^c Pulpit^c Stoop^c PartitionedSpace^c Footboard^c MobilePlatform^c TransportablePlatform^c Porch^c Balcony^c Platform-Military^c Scaffold^c Dock^c

Platform-Military^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Platform-Military`
Description	$Platform-Military is a specialization of `#$MilitaryHardware and #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$Platform-Military is a transportation device which can carry military equipment such as #$Weapons, personnel and communications equipment. When a #$Platform-Military is armed with a #$Weapon, such as a #$Tank-Vehicle, it will result in a type of #$WeaponSystem.`
Super-classes	TransportationDevice^c Facility-Generic^c DurableGood^c Platform^c MilitaryHardware^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryWatercraft^c WeaponsPlatform^c MilitaryVehicle^c MilitaryAircraft^c

PlatingMetal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlatingMetal`
Description	'PlatingMetal' is an Action that can be accomplished by either adding a pre-existing sheet of metal to some metal object, or by electroplating a layer of metal onto a surface. `In CYC 'MetalPlating': CYC: A collection of events. In each #$MetalPlating event, an object made of metal is coated with a very thin layer of a different metal. The coating process is done in such a way as to permanently bond the two layers. Corresponds to ver sense 1 of 'plate' in WordNet: 1. plate - (coat with a layer of metal; 'plate spoons with silver')`
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c CoveringSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SheetOfMetal^c requiresResource^op some SheetOfMetal^c
Sub-classes	SilverPlating^c ElectroPlating^c Galvanizing^c

Platinum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Platinum

Description

CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of platinum.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platinum' in WordNet:
          1. (5) platinum, Pt, atomic number 78 - 
             (a heavy precious metallic element; grey-white 
             and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores 
             and is also found native in some deposits)

Super-classes PreciousMetal^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

Platoon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Platoon

Description

CYC 'Platoon-MilitaryEchelon': The attribute of being a military platoon within a military echelon structure. In the USA, a military unit with the status of #$Company-UnitDesignation is typically composed of two or more units with the status of #$Platoon-UnitDesignation, and a unit with the status of #$Platoon-UnitDesignation is typically composed of two or more units with the status of #$Squad-UnitDesignation.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platoon' in WordNet:
          1. (6) platoon - (a military unit that is a subdivision of a company;
            usually has a headquarters and two or more squads; usually commanded by a lieutenant)

Super-classes ModernMilitaryOrganization^c
ArmyUnit^c

Platter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Platter`
Description	A large plate used to serve food -- specifically meat such as ham, whole turkeys, etc. Significantly different from a serving tray! A platter will never have glasses and dishes placed directly upon it (although serving utensils such as carving knives, etc., may be). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platter' in WordNet: 1. platter - (a large shallow dish used for serving food)`
Super-classes	Flatware^c Dish^c ServingVessel^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Platypus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Platypus

Description

CYC: The collection of all duck-billed platypi; a subset of #$Mammal. Elements of #$Platypus are Australian monotreme mammals, the females of which order lay eggs and lactate over a broad chest area rather than through teats. They have broad leathery bills and webbed feet. They swim in streams and rivers and live in burrows. #$Platypus constitutes an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies (also called Ornithorhynchus anatinus).

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platypus' in WordNet:
         1. platypus, duckbill, duckbilled platypus, duck-billed platypus,
            Ornithorhynchus anatinus - (small densely furred aquatic monotreme 
            of Australia and Tasmania having a broad bill and tail and webbed feet;
            only species in the family Ornithorhynchidae)

Super-classes Monotreme^c
NonHumanAnimal^c

Plausible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plausible

Description

'Plausible'' is a subtype of ''Possible'' including an evaluative judgment that the ting csidred ''Plausible'' is not very unlikely, and does not warrant scepticism.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'plausible' in Wordnet:
      1. (2) plausible - (apparently reasonable and valid, and truthful; 
         'a plausible excuse')

Super-classes Possible^c
Credible^c

Play^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Play`
Description	A 'Play' is a 'DramaticPerformance' (including musicals) that is executed by live actors from a PlayScript. This includes rehearsals, which may have no audience other than the director and the actors. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'play' in WordNet: 2. (10) play - (a theatrical performance of a drama; 'the play lasted two hours')`
Super-classes	DramaticPerformance^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some PlayScript^c

PlayScript^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayScript`
Description	COSMO note: This is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document which is represented as ''PlayScript-Physical''. Each PlayScript is a Specification for how actors are to behave while executing the actions and dialogue. This is for scripts that are intended for performance as live theater plays, though it may be adapted for movies. A ''DramaticComposition'' that is specifically written as the lines and drections for actors in a Movie is represented as ''Screenplay''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'play' in WordNet: 1. (32) play, drama, dramatic play - (a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage; 'he wrote several plays but only one was produced on Broadway')`
Super-classes	DramaScript^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only Play^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value PlayScript-Physical^c
In range of	isaDramaticRoleOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShakespearesHamlet

PlayScript-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayScript-Physical`
Description	A ''PlayScript-Physical'' is a ''DramaScript-Physical'' that is a written physical representation of a abstract conceptual ''DramaticComposition'' for a ''Play'', part or all of which is gven to the actors to learn their lines and moves. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playscript' in WordNet: 1. script, book, playscript - (a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance)`
Super-classes	DramaScript-Physical^c TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op only Play^c hasAbstractRepresentation^op only PlayScript^c

Playboy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Playboy`
Description	CYC: Not the well-known magazine 'Playboy' published by #$HughHefner, but the lifestyle exemplified by HughHefner, that of a party-going, easy-living, wealthy bon-vivant. In fictional terms, Bruce Wayne and Bertie Wooster played the role of a playboy also. Playboys are perhaps best described by their lifestyle choices -- typically they drive fast cars, party at exclusive clubs and drink champagne in copious amounts. The word derives from an originally derisive word for people who worked in traveling theatre groups and/or seemed to live a life free of social responsibility. Singe's play 'The playboy of the western world' exemplifies this original reading of the word. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playboy' in WordNet: 1. playboy, man-about-town, Corinthian - (a man devoted to the pursuit of pleasure)`
Super-classes	Swinger^c Hedonist^c MalePerson^c
Restrictions	enjoys^op value SexualBehavior^c

Player^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Player`
Description	A ''Player'' is a ''Person'' is a ''Participant'' in some ''GameEvent''. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'player' in WordNet: 1. (20) player, participant - (a person who participates in or is skilled at some game)`
Super-classes	Person^c Participant^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some (GameEvent^c or GameType^c or SportType^c)
Sub-classes	BowlerHat^c CardPlayer^c Scorer^c Teammate^c Bowler^c

PlayfulFrolic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayfulFrolic`
Description	A ''PlayfulFrolic'' is a human ''RecreationalActivity'' that is brief and lighthearted and done for mild amusement. This can be verbal banter or physical movements. `This type does not seem to have a standard single-word label in WordNet or RWH.`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c RecreationalActivity^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Amusement-Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Romping^c

Playfully^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Playfully`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'playfully' in Wordnet: 1. playfully - (in a playful manner; 'she loosened the half-hoop of diamonds on her left hand third finger and held it out to him playfully')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Playground^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Playground`
Description	An open-air piece of Ground designated as a place where children can play. This may be a facility maintained by a community, or within a private property. This is a PhysicalObject, not a region of space. It includes playgrounds near private homes, playgrounds in school yards, or and other place primarily designed for children to play, but if there are commercial rides, use 'LeisureFacility'. `For the places where adults can recreate -relax and enjoy things - use 'LeisureFacility'. Includes noun sense 2 of 'Playground' in WordNet; a large commercial recreational facility is not and instance - this is for places where children typically play: in WordNet: 2. playground - (yard consisting of an outdoor area for children's play)`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c OutdoorObject^c Ground^c LeisureFacility^c RecreationalArea^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some Playing^c

PlaygroundDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaygroundDevice`
Description	A ''PlaygroundDevice'' is a non-portable Object used for ''Playing''. This does not have to be located in an actual playground it could be in a home or in the yard of a house,
Super-classes	Plaything^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op some Playing^c isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Child^c

PlaygroundObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlaygroundObject`
Description	An open-air piece of Ground designated as a place where children can play. This may be a facility maintained by a community, or within a private property. This is a PhysicalObject, not a region.
Super-classes	RecreationalObject^c OutdoorObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Playground^c
Sub-classes	SeeSaw^c Swing^c Slide^c JungleGym^c

Playing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Playing`
Description	Recreation that involves active participation, as contrasted with passive watching. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalActivity. An animal is 'playing' when it is acting for enjoyment, rather than to work, do chores, get food or sex or to defend itself, or study or read or converse, or be passively entertained. This includes all forms of playing, including sports, playing games, and playing games alone, such as solitaire; includes both transitive and intransitive senses.. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 5 of 'play' in WordNet: 1. (70) play - (participate in games or sport; 'We played hockey all afternoon'; 'play cards'; 'Pele played for the Brazilian teams in many important matches') 5. (23) play - (be at play; be engaged in playful activity; amuse oneself in a way characteristic of children; 'The kids were playing outside all day'; 'I used to play with trucks as a little girl')
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c RecreationalActivity^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Enjoyment^c
Sub-classes	PlayingaSport^c GameEvent^c

PlayingABoardGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingABoardGame`
Description	Playing a game such as Monopoly, Chess, Checkers, etc...
Super-classes	GameEvent^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value GameBoard^c
Sub-classes	PlayingChess^c PlayingDarts^c

PlayingABrassInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingABrassInstrument`
Description	Playing any #$BrassInstrument: #$Trumpet, #$Tuba, French horn, etc.
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value HornInstrument^c
Sub-classes	PlayingaBugle^c

PlayingABridgeGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingABridgeGame`
Description	Playing a game of Bridge using a deck of cards.
Super-classes	PlayingACardGame^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value DeckOfCards^c isAnExecutionOf^op value BridgeGame^c

PlayingACardGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingACardGame`
Description	Playing a CardGame, using a deck of cards. This is specific for ''CardGame''s that are competitive (more than one player, with winners and losers). `A 'solitaire' game is a questionable subtype, as it has only one identifiable participant, unless one considers one's prior performance as the competitor (the second player is the same Person? or Lady Luck?) - @@ToDo - can this be formalized? NOTE that the restriction requires that, as part of such a game, cards must be dealt to the players. The Dealer need not be a participant in the game. In Solitaire, the interpretation is that the player deals to him/herself.`
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c GameEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CardPlayer^c hasSubEvent^op value DealingCards^c requiredInstrument^op value DeckOfCards^c
Sub-classes	PlayingAPokerGame^c PlayingABridgeGame^c

PlayingAComputerGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingAComputerGame`
Description	The process of playing a computer game
Super-classes	GameEvent^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value DigitalComputer^c

PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingAMusicalInstrument`
Description	The set of events in which a single person uses a single #$MusicalInstrument as the #$deviceUsed to produce #$Music (or at least an #$AudibleSound). Thus an #$Orchestra playing is not an instance of this. But the first violinist's playing, a #$subEvents of the whole orchestra's playing is a #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument. Two people playing a piano duet is a music making event which has two #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument #$subEvents. Note: see also #$InstrumentPlayingFn which is used to denote e.g. the collection of all tuba playing events as (#$InstrumentPlayingFn #$Tuba) `Used in transitive and intransitive senses. Corresponds to part (for pianos) of verb sense 3 of 'play' (a single instrument by a single person) in WordNet: 3. (29) play - (play on an instrument; 'The band played all night long')`
Super-classes	SingleDoerAction^c HandlingADevice^c MakingMusic^c PerformingArtActivity^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op some (MusicalInstrumentType^c or MusicalInstrument^c)
Sub-classes	PlayingaDrum^c PlayingABrassInstrument^c PlayingaWindInstrument^c PlayingaPhonograph^c Percussion^c PlayingaGuitar^c PlayingaPiano^c PlayingJazzMusic^c Strumming^c PlayingaViolin^c

PlayingAPokerGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingAPokerGame`
Description	Playing a game of Poker using a deck of cards.
Super-classes	PlayingACardGame^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value DeckOfCards^c isAnExecutionOf^op value PokerGame^c

PlayingCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingCard`
Description	CYC: the collection of playing cards, each of which is one of a pack of cards used in playing card games or (as with tarot cards) telling fortunes. This must be from some standardized set of cards, but may be specific to certain individual games such as board games; therefore this is not only for the 52-card decks from ace to king, spades to clubs, of a poker or bridge deck. The WordNet gloss suggests trading cards, as for images of sports players, which is not included in this sense. SUMO: A small piece of stiff paper with markings which is intended to be used for playing card games. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playing card' and to part of sense 1 of 'card' in WordNet (playing cards or tarot cards only, from some standardized deck of cards) in WordNet: 1. playing card - (one of a pack of cards that are used to play card games) WN noun 'card': 1. (5) card - (one of a set of small pieces of stiff paper marked in various ways and used for playing games or for telling fortunes; 'he collected cards and traded them with the other boys')
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c Card^c InformationBearingObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value 2.0^c
Sub-classes	Spade-TheCard^c Queen-TheCard^c Heart-TheCard^c Jack-TheCard^c Diamond-TheCard^c TrumpCard^c Club-TheCard^c

PlayingChess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingChess`
Description	Playing chess with a standard ChessBoard and set of pieces.
Super-classes	PlayingABoardGame^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value ChessBoard^c requiredInstrument^op value ChessSet^c

PlayingDarts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingDarts`
Description	''PlayingDarts'' is an Action in which the players throw ''Dart''s at a ''DartBoard'', trying to get their dats closest to the center, or in some defined pattern.
Super-classes	PlayingABoardGame^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Darts^c requiredInstrument^op value DartBoard^c requiredInstrument^op value Dart^c

PlayingDefense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingDefense`
Description	''PlayingDefense'' is a subEvent of a ''GameEvent'' in which one player (Person or ''DefensiveTeam'') attempts to prevent the opponent from scoring points or otherwise gaining an advantage (such as moving a football toward the goal line in American football). `This can be performed by a whole team, as in American football where the offensive team has possession of the ball and the defensive team tries to prevent that team from moving the ball toward their goal. It can also be performed by individual members of a team, as does the 'goalie' in soccer or ice hockey. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'defend' in WordNet: 2. (14) defend - (be on the defensive; act against an attack)`
Super-classes	Preventing^c Defending^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value GameEvent^c isPerformedBy^op value DefensiveTeam^c prevents^op value LosingaPositionalAdvantage^c

PlayingJazzMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingJazzMusic`
Description	''PlayingJazzMusic'' is any Action of ''PlayingAMusicalInstrument'' that produces ''JazzMusic''.
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	produces^op value JazzMusic^c

PlayingOneHoleOfGolf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingOneHoleOfGolf`
Description	''PlayingOneHoleOfGolf'' is one part of ''PlayingaGolfGame'' in which the player(s) drive their ''GolfBall''(s) from the tee for one 'hole' into the 'cup' of that 'hole' on the 'green'. `NOTE that in WN this is a time interval, while in COSMO it is an Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf hole' in WordNet: 1. hole, golf hole - (one playing period (from tee to green) on a golf course; 'he played 18 holes') WN noun 'golf hole': 3. (5) hole, golf hole - (one playing period (from tee to green) on a golf course; 'he played 18 holes')`
Super-classes	GameEvent^c PlayingaSport^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value PlayingaGolfGame^c requiredInstrument^op value GolfClub^c

PlayingPeriod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingPeriod`
Description	This can be the ''TimeInterval' during which a whole GameEvent proceeds, or one of several TimeIntervals into which a GameIs Divided. For the different named ''TimeInterval''s that are parts of different types of games, see the subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playing period' in WordNet: 1. playing period, period of play, play - ((in games or plays or other performances) the time during which play proceeds; 'rain stopped play in the 4th inning')`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	GameEventTimeDivision^c

PlayingaBugle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaBugle`
Description	''PlayingaBugle'' is the Action in which a Person plays a ''Bugle''.
Super-classes	PlayingABrassInstrument^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Bugle^c
Sub-classes	BugleCall^c

PlayingaDrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaDrum`
Description	Playing a ''DrumInstrument''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drum' in WordNet: 2. (1) drum - (play a percussion instrument) WN noun 'drumming': 1. drumming -2 (the act of playing drums; 'he practiced his drumming several hours every day')`
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c Percussion^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value DrumInstrument^c hasSubEvent^op value StrikingaDrum^c

PlayingaGolfGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaGolfGame`
Description	''PlayingaGolfGame'' is the Action in which one or more Persons play one complete game of Golf. `WordNet makes no distinction between the sport and an individual game; this Wordnet entry is the game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf' in Wordnet: 1. (9) golf, golf game - (a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes)`
Super-classes	GolfGame^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Golfer^c requiredInstrument^op value GolfBall^c hasSubEvent^op value PlayingOneHoleOfGolf^c requiredInstrument^op value GolfClub^c

PlayingaGuitar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaGuitar`
Description	Playing a ''Guitar''.
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Guitar^c hasSubEvent^op value Strumming^c

PlayingaMusicRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaMusicRecording`
Description	The Event that occurs when a recording of a MusicalPerformance is played back on some device. This counts as a PurposefulAction because it is alway set in motion by an agent, even if there is a long series of causative events performed by automatons between the original agent's action and the actual playing (as in playing bell chimes in achurch tower according to a predetermined time schedule) NOTE: the WN senses of 'play' do not make distinctons about the kind of information recorded ad played. Sense 18 is usedfor all kinds of playing recorded sounds or video. Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 13 and 18 of 'play' in WordNet: 13. (3) play - (emit recorded sound; 'The tape was playing for hours'; 'the stereo was playing Beethoven when I entered') 18. (1) play, run - (cause to emit recorded sounds; 'They ran the tapes over and over again'; 'Can you play my favorite record?')
Super-classes	PlayingaSoundRecording^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some MusicalComposition^c caused^op some Music^c

PlayingaPhonograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaPhonograph`
Description	''PlayingaPhonograph'' is the Action of controlling the operation of a ''Phonograph'', classified (non-traditionally here) as a ''MusicalInstrument''.
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c OperatingaPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Phonograph^c

PlayingaPiano^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaPiano`
Description	Playing a ''Piano'', classified as a ''PercussionInstrument''.
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c Percussion^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Piano^c

PlayingaSoundRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaSoundRecording`
Description	''PlayingaSoundRecording''is the Action inwhich some agent cotrols a Device that can use a ''SoundRecording'' to cause the Device to emot the ''Sound'' recorded on the ''SoundRecording''. This is general and includes ''SoundRecording''s that are connected with ''VideoRecording''s. `NOTE: the WN synset of sense 18 is also used for playing ''VideoRecording''s Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 13 and 18 of 'play', in WordNet: 13. (3) play - (emit recorded sound; 'The tape was playing for hours'; 'the stereo was playing Beethoven when I entered') 18. (1) play, run - (cause to emit recorded sounds; 'They ran the tapes over and over again'; 'Can you play my favorite record?')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c InformationBearingThing^c
Restrictions	caused^op some Sound^c
Sub-classes	PlayingaMusicRecording^c

PlayingaSport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaSport`
Description	''PlayingaSport'' is part or all of a ''GameEvent'' that is an execution of some ''Sport''. This includes a number of subtypes and can be used when the specific subtype of interest does not fall under the already defined subtypes. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'play' in WordNet: 1. (70) play - (participate in games or sport; 'We played hockey all afternoon'; 'play cards'; 'Pele played for the Brazilian teams in many important matches')`
Super-classes	GameEvent^c Playing^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op some SportType^c
Sub-classes	FumblingaBall^c PlayingOneHoleOfGolf^c BallGame^c

PlayingaVideoRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaVideoRecording`
Description	The Event that occurs when a ''VideoRecording'' of any kind of ''Event'' is played so as to show the images (the ''View'') recorded. `NOTE: WN does not have a sense of 'play' clearly including ''VideoRecording''s, so sense 18 is expanded in COSMO to include playing ''VideoRecording''s. NOTE: a ''VideoRecording'' may or may not include sound, so this is not a subtype of ''PlayingaSoundRecording''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 18 of 'play' in WordNet: 18. (1) play, run - (cause to emit recorded sounds; 'They ran the tapes over and over again'; 'Can you play my favorite record?')`
Super-classes	DisplayingSomething^c HumanActivity^c InformationBearingThing^c
Restrictions	showsEvidenceOf^op some Event^c requiresResource^op value VideoRecording^c requiresResource^op value VideoDisplayDevice^c createsObject^op value VideoDisplay^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value PlayingaSoundRecording^c

PlayingaViolin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaViolin`
Description	Playing a ''Violin''.
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Violin^c

PlayingaWindInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayingaWindInstrument`
Description	Playing any ''WindInstrument-Musical'' by blowing into it or across it.
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value WindInstrument-Musical^c hasSubEvent^op value BlowingAirFromLungs^c

Playmate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Playmate

Description

''Playmate'' is The Role of a Companion who is a young child and who plays together with another child. This is a reciprocal relation, as the playmate of one child has that child as a playmate.

      This is used mostly for pre-teen ''YoungHuman''s, though an
      adult may mimic the role of playmate for the benefit of a young
      acquaintance.

      RHW: 1. a companion, esp. of a child, in play or recreation

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playmate' in WordNet:
        1. (3) playmate, playfellow - (a companion at play)

Super-classes ReciprocalRole^c
Companion^c
Child^c

Playoff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Playoff`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes both individual Games and a series of games. It is therefore a Group of ''SportsEvent''s and it includes the occasion of a single ''SportsEvent'' as a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playoff' in WordNet: 1. playoff - (any final competition to determine a championship)`
Super-classes	SportsCompetition^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Champion^c

PlayoffGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlayoffGame`
Description	A ''PlayOffGame''is the final or semifinal game (or final set of games) at the end of a series involving more than two competitors, to detemine the final winner ('championship'). `RHW: 1. (in competitive sports) the playing of an extra game, rounds, innings, etc., in order to settle a tie. 2. a series of games or matches, as between the leading teams of two leagues, in order to decide a championship: In America the most exciting play-off is the World Series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playoff' in WordNet: 1. playoff - (any final competition to determine a championship)`
Super-classes	SportsEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Final^c

Playsuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Playsuit`
Description	`RHW: a sports costume for women and children, usually consisting of shorts and a shirt, worn as beachwear, for tennis, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playsuit' in WordNet: 1. playsuit - (a sports outfit for women or children; usually consists of shorts and a blouse)`
Super-classes	Clothing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Shorts^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SportsEvent^c hasComponentElement^op value Blouse^c

Plaything^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plaything`
Description	A ''Plaything'' is any ArtifactObject designed for the kind of amusement called 'Playing' (including sports), by any human, child or adult. `The common ''Toy'' Artifact used by young children is the subtype ''Toy''. In WordNet 'plaything' is indistinguishable from 'toy', but this type is not just for children, and includes large objects such as playground devices as well as''Toy''s that can be carried in the hand, and entertainent objects such as puzzles. in WordNet: 1. plaything, toy - (an artifact designed to be played with)`
Super-classes	RecreationalObject^c HumanScaleObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Playing^c
Sub-classes	Kite^c Snowball^c PlaygroundDevice^c Puzzle-TangibleProduct^c SandBox^c Toy^c

Playwright^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Playwright`
Description	Someone who has written a play that has been publicly performed, or who has written more than one play of literary merit. A student who has written a play as an exercise would not be an instance of this category, but it is not reserved for professionals. `A person may be a Playwight as well as a Novelist and play other roles as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playwright' in Wordnet: 1. (4) dramatist, playwright - (someone who writes plays)`
Super-classes	ScriptWriter^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op some PlayScript^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shakespeare

Plea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plea`
Description	A ''Plea'' is an Appeal requesting something from a person of higher position, such as a governmental authority.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plea' in WordNet: 1. supplication, plea - (a humble request for help from someone in authority)`
Super-classes	Appeal^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op some Authority^c

Pleading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pleading`
Description	A requesting that is performed with an earnest appeal - expressing a deeper desire for fulfillment than a simple Requesting. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plead' in WordNet: 1. (10) plead - (appeal or request earnestly; 'I pleaded with him to stop')`
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Sub-classes	Begging^c Beseeching^c

Pleasant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pleasant`
Description	An attribute of things - events, processes, or objects - that in normal circumstances can be expected to give pleasure to people who experience it (Events) or possess it (things). See also 'PleasantThing' with the restriction that it causes pleasure. For people who are pleasant in behavior use 'Nice''. The sense of 'aesthetically pleasing'' is the subtype ''EstheticallyPleasing''. This provides one method to mark those Assets that are especially worthy of attention. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pleasant' 2 and part of sense 1 of 'nice' and all 4 seses of 'pleasing' and sese 4 of 'sweet' in WordNet: WN 'pleasant': 1. (9) pleasant - (affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings; 'a pleasant person to be around'; 'we had a pleasant evening together'; 'a pleasant scene'; 'pleasant sensations') WN 'nice': 1. (23) nice - (pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance; 'what a nice fellow you are and we all thought you so nasty' - George Meredith; 'nice manners'; 'a nice dress'; 'a nice face'; 'a nice day'; 'had a nice time at the party'; 'the corn and tomatoes are nice today') WN 'pleasing': 1. (7) pleasing - (giving pleasure and satisfaction; 'a pleasing piece of news'; 'pleasing in manner and appearance') 3. appreciated, gratifying, pleasing, satisfying - (giving pleasure or satisfaction) 4. pleasing - (able to please or win approval) WN adj 'sweet': 4. (2) sweet - (pleasing to the senses; 'the sweet song of the lark'; 'the sweet face of a child')
Super-classes	Salient^c Good^c EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Cheery^c Engaging^c Welcome^c PleasantlyAgreeable^c Captivating^c Fragrant^c Tasty^c Delightful^c Melodious^c Attractive^c Attracting^c Luxurious^c Lovely^c

PleasantEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PleasantEvent`
Description	A 'PleasantEvent' is a 'DesirableEvent' that is (among other things) Pleasant (usually, by default) to some IntentionalAgent. NOTE that the same Event may be pleasant to one agent and unpleasant to another, as in a contest or endingof any other zero-sum situation; so PleasantEvent and UnpleasantEvent are not in general disjoint. NOTE: sense 2 can be an object, but the gloss suggests that events like being in another's company are included in that sense. There should be a parent for objects that give pleasure - usually by perceiving (e.g. seeing) them, and the Events can be a sister type or subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 4 and part of sense 2 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 2. (4) joy, delight, pleasure - (something or someone that provides pleasure; a source of happiness; 'a joy to behold'; 'the pleasure of his company'; 'the new car is a delight') 4. pleasure - (an activity that affords enjoyment; 'he puts duty before pleasure')
Super-classes	PleasantThing^c DesirableEvent^c CausingaFeeling^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value Pleasure^c
Sub-classes	HumanSexualIntercourse^c IndulgingaDesire^c

PleasantThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PleasantThing`
Description	A PleasantThing is an Event, Process, Substance, or Object that will typically (or is intended to) give 'Pleasure' to a person who experences it (an Event) or who has possession of it (an object). This is a very broad category, necessarily vague because many things can give pleasure in many ways and in many degrees, yet it is useful to be able to predict whether a person can be expected to be pleased by something. To be more precise in such prediction will require a great deal of information about the circumstances and inclinations of individual people. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 2. (4) joy, delight, pleasure - (something or someone that provides pleasure; a source of happiness; 'a joy to behold'; 'the pleasure of his company'; 'the new car is a delight')`
Super-classes	GoodThing^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Pleasure^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	Chocolate^c PleasantEvent^c DessertFood^c Money^c Gala^c MoneyObject^c CelebratingChristmas^c SodaPop^c TreatObject^c OrganizedCelebration^c Merrymaking^c TreatEvent^c DishOfFood^c PleasingEvent^c Massaging^c Happiness^c Recognition^c Goodies^c PleasurableSensation^c

Pleasantly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pleasantly

Description

This ''Pleasantly'' is an adverb that asserts that

      Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'pleasantly' in Wordnet:
        2. (2) pleasantly, agreeably, enjoyably - (in an enjoyable manner; 'we spent a pleasantly lazy
            afternoon')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

PleasantlyAgreeable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PleasantlyAgreeable`
Description	''PleasantlyAgreeable'' is the attribute of something that is ''Pleasant'' to some reference Person. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'agreeable' in Wordnet: 1. agreeable - (conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature; 'Is the plan agreeable to you?'; 'he's an agreeable fellow'; 'My idea of an agreeable person...is a person who agrees with me'- Disraeli; 'an agreeable manner')`
Super-classes	Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	Restful^c

Pleasantness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pleasantness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pleasantness' in WordNet: 2. pleasantness, sweetness - (the quality of giving pleasure; 'he was charmed by the sweetness of her manner'; 'the pleasantness of a cool breeze on a hot summer day')`
Super-classes	Goodness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Pleasant^c isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing^op value Pleasure^c

Pleased^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pleased`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing pleasure at the occurrence of some PleasingEvent. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'pleased' in WordNet: 1. (9) pleased - (experiencing or manifesting pleasure)`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Satisfied^c

PleasingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PleasingEvent`
Description	A 'PleasingEvent' is any Event (including static situations) that causes pleasure (is a PleasantThing). A person's actions, or a pleasant spring day can both be a 'PleasingEvent'. Individual Events are categorized in this type in retrospective, therefore the restriction requires that each PleasingEvent cause Pleasure to someone. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'please' in WordNet: 1. (15) please, delight - (give pleasure to or be pleasing to; 'These colors please the senses'; 'a pleasing sensation')`
Super-classes	CausingaMentalEvent^c PleasantThing^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Pleasure^c

PleasurableSensation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PleasurableSensation`
Description	A 'PleasurableSensation' is a Sensation that causes Pleasure. This can be a sense sensation, such as smelling a pleasant fragrance, or hearing good music, or tasting good food, or a BodySensation such as an Orgasm. NOTE that COSMO distinguishes between the Feeling of Pleasure, which is mostly mental, and the Sensation of a 'PleasurableSensation', which arises from the body and affects the feelings. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 1. (21) pleasure, pleasance - (a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience; 'he was tingling with pleasure)`
Super-classes	Sensation^c PleasantThing^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Pleasure^c
Sub-classes	Orgasm^c

Pleasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pleasure`
Description	COSMO note: this is an intensive form of ''Satisaction'', the base, minimal level of pleasant feeling caused by some ''PleasantEvent''. Other more intense forms of pleasant Feeling such as 'Enjoyment' are also represented in COSMO. This is the Feeling; things that cause this feeling are represented in COSMO as 'PleasantEvent'; observing a ''PleasantThing'' is also a ''PleasantEvent''and can cause''Pleasure''.. `NOTE that COSMO distinguishes between the Feeling of Pleasure, which is mostly mental, and the Sensation of a PleasurableSensation, which arises from the body and affects the feelings. Cyc ('Pleasure-Feeling'): Agreeable feeling of gratification or satisfaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 1. (21) pleasure, pleasance - (a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience; 'he was tingling with pleasure)`
Super-classes	Satisfaction^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute^op value Pleasant^c isCausedBy^op some PleasantEvent^c mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute^op value Beautiful^c mayBeCausedBy^op value IndulgingaDesire^c
Sub-classes	Enjoyment^c BeingImpressed^c Delight^c

PleasureCraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PleasureCraft`
Description	This is for all 'pleasure craft' with some kind of interior space and does not require plumbing or sleeping facilities. `An expensive one would be a 'cabin cruiser' or 'yacht' - can use differentation. 1. a vessel used for private cruising, racing, or other noncommercial purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pleasure craft' in WordNet: 1. cabin cruiser, cruiser, pleasure boat, pleasure craft - (a large motorboat that has a cabin and plumbing and other conveniences necessary for living on board)`
Super-classes	Motorboat^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value InternalCombustionEngine^c

PleasuresOfTheFlesh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PleasuresOfTheFlesh`
Description	''PleasuresOfTheFlesh'' are forms of ''IndulgingaDesire'' that involve eating, drinking, and/or sexual activity.
Super-classes	IndulgingaDesire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	HumanSexualIntercourse^c Dining^c

Pleat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pleat`
Description	A ''Pleat'' is one of multiple ''Crease''s in some ''FabricObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pleat' in WordNet: 1. (1) pleat, plait - (any of various types of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and then pressing or stitching into shape)`
Super-classes	Crease^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FabricObject^c hasShape^op value AngularShape^c

Pledge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pledge`
Description	A ''Pledge''is a ''Message'' produced by a ''Pledging''Action, being more ''Formal'' and more ''Solemn'' than a typical ''Promise'' . This may be given with or without a reciprocal promise. A written 'non-disclosure agreement' would include a pledge as part of the agreement. NOTE that in COSMO 'commitment' has a special meaning derived from FIBO, which includes reciprocality, so is not a parent of this type. This may need to be changed to include the more general meaning of 'commitment'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'pledge' in WordNet: 4. assurance, pledge - (a binding commitment to do or give or refrain from something; 'an assurance of help when needed'; 'signed a pledge never to reveal the secret')
Super-classes	Message^c Promise^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some Pledging^c
Sub-classes	Vow^c

Pledging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pledging`
Description	Each ''Pledging'' is a ''MakingAPromise'' in a ''Formal' and ''Solemn'' manner. `RHW: 3. to give in pledge, as one's word, or to pledge, as one's honor. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pledge' in WordNet: 1. (3) pledge, plight - (promise solemnly and formally; 'I pledge that will honor my wife')`
Super-classes	MakingAPromise^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Solemn^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c produces^op some Pledge^c
Sub-classes	Vowing^c

Plentiful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plentiful`
Description	'Plentiful'' is more than just 'MoreThanEnough' but not ''Excessive'' . `Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'plentiful' in WordNet: 1. (2) plentiful - (existing in great number or quantity; 'rhinoceroses were once plentiful here') 2. (2) ample, copious, plenteous, plentiful, rich - (affording an abundant supply; 'had ample food for the party'; 'copious provisions'; 'food is plentiful'; 'a plenteous grape harvest'; 'a rich supply')`
Super-classes	MoreThanEnough^c
Sub-classes	Abundant^c

PlentyOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlentyOfThings`
Description	A PlentyOfThings is a Group of ten or more entities. This is necessarily vague, but for purpose of logic has a minimum number. Also see the VerbalQuantifier 'Alot' as an Attribute to express the number in this Group; that provides and alternative means of handling the 'a lot' or 'plenty of' phrase. @ToDo: requires a functional treatment. This corresponds to sense 14 of 'lot' in RHW: 14. Often, lots. a great many or a great deal: a lot of books; lots of money. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plenty' and sense 1 of 'lot' in WordNet: 2. (2) batch, deal, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap, lot, mass, mess, mickle, mint, muckle, peck, pile, plenty, pot, quite a little, raft, sight, slew, spate, stack, tidy sum, wad, whole lot, whole slew - ((often followed by 'of') a large number or amount or extent; 'a batch of letters'; 'a deal of trouble'; 'a lot of money'; 'he made a mint on the stock market'; 'it must have cost plenty')
Super-classes	LotOfThings^c
Sub-classes	LotsOfStuff^c

Pliers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pliers`
Description	Hand tool made of two pieces of (usually) metal, connected with a rotating joint so that closing one side with the hand closes the grasping jaws at the other end. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pliers' in WordNet: 1. pliers, pair of pliers, plyers - (a gripping hand tool with two hinged arms and (usually) serrated jaws)`
Super-classes	SimpleTool^c GrippingTool^c Device-UserPowered^c HandTool^c CarpentryTool^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PivotDevice^c hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 2

Plot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plot`
Description	COSMO note: a ''Plot'' in WN is a type of secret ''Scheme'', but in COSMO ''Scheming'' is a type of ''Plot'' performed by a GroupOfPeople. The usages are different and the Actions and results in COSMO do not mesh precisely with the linguistic terms in WN. A ''Plot'' can be produced by one Person''plotting' while a ''Scheme'' requires some collusion between two or more people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plot' in WordNet: 1. (9) plot, secret plan, game - (a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal); 'they concocted a plot to discredit the governor'; 'I saw through his little game from the start')`
Super-classes	Scheme^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Plotting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Secret^c

PlotOfLand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlotOfLand`
Description	A delineated ''Tract' of RealEstate that is owned by one owner (which could be a corporation or Group of people or the public) but small enough and developed enough to have some specific recognizable use. `Includes but is broader than sense 2 of WN 'plot' and sense 2 of 'patch', not requiring any vegetation, and allowing other uses. in WordNet: 2. (6) plot, plot of ground, patch - (a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation; 'a bean plot'; 'a cabbage patch'; 'a briar patch')`
Super-classes	Tract^c
Sub-classes	Lot^c SportCourse^c GameCourt^c

Plotting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plotting`
Description	Any ''PlanningEvent'' carried out in secret, not being revealed because it may cause some other(s) to take action to stop it. Typically but necessarily used for illegal actvities. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plot' in WordNet: 1. (6) plot - (plan secretly, usually something illegal; 'They plotted the overthrow of the government')`
Super-classes	PlanningEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Secret^c produces^op value Plot^c
Sub-classes	SchemingAction^c

PloughingaTrench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PloughingaTrench`
Description	''PloughingaTrench'' is a type of ''DiggingaTrench'' in which the 'digging' is accomplished by 'pushing' the soil from the location where the''Ditch''is desired to some other (unspecified) location, where it may stay or be carted away. This is a general 'plowing' that includes plowing ''Furrow''s for farming and plowing a space for the foundation of a ''Structure'' (including roads), as well as any other purpose that can be advanced by pushing soil out of any locataion. In construction, this can be done by a ''Bulldozer'' and in farming by a ''Plow''. NOTE 1: that this is a ''PushingEvent'' and that includes the farming sense, where a ''Plow'' may be pulled by some machine or animal. But although the ''plow'' may be pulled, the ''Plow'' itself 'pushes' the soil to achieve removal of the soil. NOTE 2: although this is 'DiggingaTrench', the ultimate purpose may be to create an embankment, so the Trench is only a by-product of the act of creating the embankment. The farming sense of 'plowing' is represented as the subtype ''Plowing''. Includes but may be briader than verb sense 2 of 'plough' in WordNet: 2. plow, plough, turn - (to break and turn over earth especially with a plow; 'Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week'; 'turn the earth in the Spring')
Super-classes	DiggingaTrench^c PushingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Soil^c
Sub-classes	Plowing^c

Plover^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plover

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plover' in WordNet:
          1. plover - (any of numerous chiefly shorebirds
             of relatively compact build having straight bills
             and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers)

Super-classes ShoreBird^c

Plow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plow`
Description	A simple ''Device'' that is designed to be dragged behind an animal or powered machine to create a furrow or turnover soil in farming operations.. `CYC: 'PlowAgriculturalImplement': The collection of agricultural implements whose primary function is to plow a field Motorized plowing devices such as a ''Snowplow'' are under motor vehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plow' in WordNet: 1. (2) plow, plough - (a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the soil and cut a furrow prior to sowing)`
Super-classes	Tool^c HexalateralObject^c FarmDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Blade^c

Plowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plowing`
Description	CYC: 'PlowingAField': The collection of events in which a field is plowed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plow' in WordNet: 1. (6) plow, plough, turn - (to break and turn over earth especially with a plow; 'Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week'; 'turn the earth in the Spring')`
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c PloughingaTrench^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c
Restrictions	produced^op value HoleInTheGround^c produced^op value Furrow^c usesInstrument^op value Plow^c typicallyOccursAt^op value Farm^c

Ploy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ploy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ploy' in WordNet: 2. ploy, gambit, stratagem - (a maneuver in a game or conversation)`
Super-classes	Maneuver^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op some (GameEvent^c or ConflictEvent^c or Conversation^c or ActionType^c)

Pluck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pluck

Description

Difficult to tell the difference between ''Pluck'' and ''Gumption''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pluck' in WordNet:
          1. (1) gutsiness, pluck, pluckiness - 
            (the trait of showing courage and determination in spite of possible loss or injury)

Super-classes Determination^c
Courage^c

PluckingaString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PluckingaString`
Description	This is not just pulling, but pulling and releasing a taut string. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'pluck' in WordNet: 4. pluck, plunk, pick - (pull lightly but sharply with a plucking motion; 'he plucked the strings of his mandolin') WN noun 'pluck': 2. pluck - (the act of pulling and releasing a taut cord)`
Super-classes	Motion^c PullingOnAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value MusicalString^c

Plug^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plug

Description

A ''Plug'' is a solid 'SealingObject'' used to reversibly close an opening such as a drain (as in a sink or bathtub), designed for that purpose.

      For objecs that serve to sea the top of open-top container, use ''ContainerStopper''

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'plug' in WordNet:
         1. (15) plug, stopper, stopple - (blockage consisting of an object 
             designed to fill a hole tightly)

Super-classes SealingObject^c

PluggedIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PluggedIn`
Description	'PluggedIn' is the state of an 'ElectricalDevice' that has been connected to a source of line power, and may now be turned on.
Super-classes	DeviceState^c PastParticiple^c

PluggingAnOpening^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PluggingAnOpening

Description

'PluggingAnOpening'' is to put a 'PhysicalObject'' of some type into an opening in a container or barrier, to prevent objects or substances from moving into or out of the region that the barrier protects or the container holds. The distinction from the more general ''SealingSomething'' is that the opening plugged is one that should not exist usually developing after an artifact is created. This is narrower than the knds of gaps that are 'sealed', which could be gaps between components of an object sealed in the course of manufacture of a larger object (e.g. sealing the jont between tiles when tiling a surface). The logical distinction still (rev1243) needs to be formalized.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plug' in WordNet:
          1. (2) plug, stop up, secure - (fill or close tightly 
           with or as if with a plug; 'plug the hole'; 'stop up the leak')

Super-classes SealingSomething^c

PluggingInAnElectricalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PluggingInAnElectricalDevice`
Description	'PluggingInAnElectricalDevice' is the Action of connecting an 'ElectricalDevice' to a power line using a plug or some kind. This is the common 'plugging in' action, which must precede turning on for line-powered devices. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plug in' and verb sense 10 of 'connect' in WordNet: 1. (2) plug in, connect - (plug into an outlet; 'Please plug in the toaster!'; 'Connect the TV so we can watch the football game tonight') WN verb 'connect': 10. plug in, connect - (plug into an outlet; 'Please plug in the toaster!'; 'Connect the TV so we can watch the football game tonight')`
Super-classes	Connecting^c PoweringAnElectricalDevice^c ChangingDeviceState^c
Restrictions	hasStateBeforeChange^op value Unplugged^c hasStateAfterChange^op value PluggedIn^c hadThingAffected^op some ElectricalDevice^c

Plum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plum`
Description	A Drupe typically one to two inches in diameter, with a smooth skin, soft, sweet flesh, and a pit that is oblong. Its color is purplish, varying from bluish to reddish, and the name of the fruit is also the name of a color of that hue. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plum' in Wordnet: 2. plum - (any of numerous varieties of small to medium-sized round or oval fruit having a smooth skin and a single pit)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c BallLikeObject^c Drupe^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 5.0^c
Sub-classes	Prune^c

Plumage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plumage`
Description	The elements of this collection consist of the entire covering of feathers on a bird, that are still in place on the Bird. `NOTE: WN mixes one feather and all the feathers on one Bird. This is for all the feathers on one Bird. One feather is represented by ''Feather''. Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'plumage' in WordNet: 1. feather, plume, plumage - (the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds)`
Super-classes	NaturalObjectInSitu^c SolidObject^c GroupOfFeathers^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Bird^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Bird^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InSitu^c
Sub-classes	IridescentPlumage^c

Plumber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plumber

Description

SUMO: Any occupation that involves installing, repairing, and replacing pipes and pipe fixtures.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plumber' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) plumber, pipe fitter - (a craftsman who installs and repairs pipes and fixtures and appliances)

Super-classes TradeWorker^c

PlumbingFixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlumbingFixture`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$PlumbingFixture is a device whose primary function is to be a functional, significant part of some plumbing system (see the constant #$PlumbingSystem-Building). Notable specializations of #$PlumbingFixture include #$Pipe-Plumbing, #$Toilet, and #$ShowerHead. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plumbing fixture' in WordNet: 1. plumbing fixture - (a fixture for the distribution and use of water in a building)`
Super-classes	Fixture^c PartOfBuilding^c Device^c
Sub-classes	Toilet^c Sink^c Bathtub^c Urinal^c DrinkingFountain^c Sprinkler^c ShowerFixture^c

PlumbingSystem-Building^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlumbingSystem-Building`
Description	The entire plumbing system that runs throughout a building or other construct. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plumbing system' in WordNet: 1. plumbing, plumbing system - (utility consisting of the pipes and fixtures for the distribution of water or gas in a building and for the disposal of sewage)`
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c WaterSupplySystem^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ConveyingWaterByPipes^c hasComponentObjectType^op value PlumbingFixture^c

Plummeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plummeting`
Description	''Plummeting'' is a rapid ''Falling-Freefall''. For the metaphorical sense of 'plummet' for values of quantitative attributes such as price or temperature or favorability use ''Plunging''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plummet' in WordNet: 1. (1) plummet, plump - (drop sharply; 'The stock market plummeted') WN verb 'plunge': (when used literally) 2. (4) dive, plunge, plunk - (drop steeply; 'the stock market plunged')`
Super-classes	Falling-Freefall^c Descending^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast^c

Plundering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plundering`
Description	A ''Plundering'' is a ''Aggression'' Action that includes robbing (''Robbery'') of more than a few items from some Place, not from a single person, and usually from some Building. Metaphorically it is used to refer to taking intellectual property from one or more owners. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plundering' in WordNet: 1. plundering, pillage, pillaging - (the act of stealing valuable things from a place; 'the plundering of the Parthenon'; 'his plundering of the great authors')`
Super-classes	Robbery^c Aggression^c
Sub-classes	Looting^c RaidingForLoot^c

Plunging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plunging`
Description	''Plunging'' is a rapid ''MotionDownward''. This type can be used metaphorically for values of quantitative attributes such as prices or ratings (e.g. favorability ratings). For the literal 'plunging' that is a ''Falling-Freefall'' use ''Plummeting'' `The metaphorical sense of 'tank' meaning 'plunge to the bottom' (as for the stock market) is not in WN,in RHW: 9. Slang. to do poorly or decline rapidly; fail: The movie tanked at the box office. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'plunge' in WordNet: 2. (4) dive, plunge, plunk - (drop steeply; 'the stock market plunged') WN verb 'plummet' (when used metaphorically) 1. (1) plummet, plump - (drop sharply; 'The stock market plummeted')`
Super-classes	Action^c MotionDownward^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fast^c
Sub-classes	Diving^c

PlunkingSomethingDown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PlunkingSomethingDown

Description

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plunk down' in WordNet:
          1. plank, flump, plonk, plop, plunk, plump down, plunk down, plump - 
            (set (something or oneself) down with or as if with a noise;
            'He planked the money on the table'; 'He planked himself into the sofa')
       WN verb 'plump down':
         1. plonk down, plump down, plank down - (drop heavily)

Super-classes PuttingSomethingDown^c

Plural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plural

Description

'Plural' as an attribute of a Group that has more than one member,i.e. a PluralThing; and also an attribute of Nouns that are in the grammatically plural form.

      This includes to both adjective senses of 'plural' in WordNet:
        1. plural - (composed of more than one member, set, or kind)
        2. plural - (grammatical number category referring to two or more items or units)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PluralThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PluralThing`
Description	Every PluralThing is a Group consisting of at least two or more entities, considered as one entity, and is related to the component entities by the relation 'hasComponentElement' The name of subtypes of 'PluralThing' in COSMO may take the form of a plural of a count noun. But plurals of count nouns are also used to name 'CommodityProducts', so that usage is not a reliable indicator that a term represents a PluralThing. A 'PluralThing' is an Object, and a 'CommodityProduct' is a substance, so the two are disjoint concepts, in spite of the close relation. The 'CommodityProduct' should only be used in the substance sense, and PluralThing for those things who individual members are the focus of representation. NOTE: in COSMO, Group is restricted to groupings of at least one entity, as in OpenCyc. In this manner PluralThing stays closer to the linguistic intuition of a plural. A more generic Group that is not a TemporalThing could be defined, but is left out at this point.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Plural^c
Sub-classes	Children^c Weaponry^c Collection^c Cluster^c Vocabulary^c GroupOfNations^c Knicknacks^c BankAndCustomer^c Competitors^c TheShipsOfTheFleet^c LotOfThings^c PropositionPair^c Merchandise^c Multiplicity^c GroupOfSequins^c Stuff^c DisplayedObjects^c Tableware^c GroupOfCultures^c IndividualVocabulary^c ContractingAgents^c PersonAndAnimal^c Combination^c BatchOfThings^c Archipelago^c PropositionGroup^c CoinCollection^c TwoAgentGroup^c GroupOfBeasts^c

Pluralism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pluralism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pluralism' in WordNet: 2. pluralism - (the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Philosophy^c

PluralistSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PluralistSystem`
Description	`NOTE: @ToDo: this needs to be related to Different GroupOfPeople''s: EthnicGroup; Nationality; RaceOfPeople; RacialMinority; Culture; MuslimGroup; ReligiousGroup. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pluralism' in WordNet: 1. pluralism - (a social organization in which diversity of racial or religious or ethnic or cultural groups is tolerated)`
Super-classes	SocialSystem^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (EthnicGroup^c or Nationality^c or RaceOfPeople^c or RacialMinority^c or Culture^c or ReligiousGroup^c)

Pluralistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pluralistic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pluralistic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pluralistic - (of or relating to the philosophical doctrine of pluralism; 'a pluralistic culture')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Plurality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plurality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'plurality' in WordNet: 3. plurality, relative majority - ((in an election with more than 2 options) the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less that half of the votes))`
Super-classes	RelativeQuantity^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some owl:Thing^c

Plutonium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plutonium

Description

A radioactive metallic element with 94 protons in each nucleus. It is not naturally-occurring and is made in nuclear reactors, and used in nculear weapons and in power reactors as fissile material.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plutonium' in Wordnet:
         1. plutonium, Pu, atomic number 94 - (a solid silvery grey radioactive 
           transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; 
           found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear 
           reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Plywood^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Plywood

Description

The substance plywood, a artificially layered type of Wood.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plywood' in Wordnet:
        1. plywood, plyboard - (a laminate made of thin layers of wood)

Super-classes Wood^c
ConstructionMaterialType^c
DimensionalLumber^c

PneumococcalPneumonia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PneumococcalPneumonia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pneumococcal pneumonia' in WordNet: 1. pneumococcal pneumonia - (pneumonia caused by bacteria of the genus pneumococcus)`
Super-classes	BacterialPneumonia^c
Restrictions	isCausedByPathogen^op value Pneumococcus^c

Pneumococcus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pneumococcus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pneumococcus' in WordNet: 1. pneumococcus, Diplococcus pneumoniae - (bacterium causing pneumonia in mice and humans)`
Super-classes	Diplococcus^c
Restrictions	causesInfectiousDisease^op value PneumococcalPneumonia^c

Pneumoconiosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pneumoconiosis`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$LungDisease. Pneumoconiosis is the disease condition caused by the inhalation of dust particles, such as the dust of coal, silica and asbestos. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pneumoconiosis' in WordNet: 1. pneumoconiosis, pneumonoconiosis - (chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles)`
Super-classes	ChronicCondition^c RespiratoryAilment^c
Sub-classes	Asbestosis^c Silicosis^c

Pneumonia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pneumonia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pneumonia' in WordNet: 1. (1) pneumonia - (respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants)`
Super-classes	Disease^c RespiratoryAilment^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Inflammation^c occursAt^op value Lung^c
Sub-classes	ViralPneumonia^c BacterialPneumonia^c

Poacher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poacher`
Description	A dastardly fellow committed to the illegal capture and murder of helpless wild animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poacher' in WordNet: 1. poacher - (someone who hunts or fishes illegally on the property of another)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c Hunter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Poaching^c

Poaching^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poaching

Description

Action in which someone traps or kills a #$NonPersonAnimal without the right permits.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'poach' in WordNet:
          1. (1) poach - (hunt illegally; 'people are poaching elephants for their ivory')

Super-classes Crime^c
Hunting^c

PocketKnife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PocketKnife`
Description	CYC: The collection of pocket knives. A pocket knife is a folding knife in which the blade is safely sheathed inside a casing while the knife is being carried around. Many pocket knives contain a number of tools in addition to the main blade. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pocketknife' in Wordnet: 1. pocketknife, pocket knife - (a knife with a blade that folds into the handle; suitable for carrying in the pocket)`
Super-classes	FoldableObject^c Knife^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op value Sword^c
Sub-classes	Switchblade^c JackKnife^c

PocketOfGarment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PocketOfGarment

Description

CYC: The collection of garment pockets.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pocket' in WordNet:
      1. (21) pocket - (a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles)

Super-classes SomethingToWearPart^c
ContainerArtifact^c

PocketSized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PocketSized`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pocket-sized' in Wordnet: 2. pocket-size, pocket-sized, pocketable - (small enough to be carried in a garment pocket; 'pocket-size paperbacks')`
Super-classes	Small^c

Podiatrist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Podiatrist`
Description	CYC: The collection of health professionals concerned with the care and treatment of the human foot. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'podiatrist' in WordNet: 1. chiropodist, foot doctor, podiatrist - (a specialist in care for the feet)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Podiatry^c

Podiatry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Podiatry`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'podiatry' in WordNet: 1. podiatry, chiropody - (the branch of medicine concerned with the feet)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Podiatrist^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Foot^c

Poem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poem`
Description	The abstract propositional work that is created as a poem. This is a single poem. For a collection of poems, use 'Poetry'. A Poem does not have to rhyme. Cyc: A collection of #$PoeticWorks. Each instance of #$Poem-CW is a poetic literary work that is complete in itself - unlike a #$Lyric-WordsToSong it need not be an integral part of a piece of music, and unlike a #$PlayScript it is not associated with sets and #$Costumes and does not contain stage directions. #$Poem-CWs are sometimes recited publicly and in modern times are distributed in text form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poem' in WordNet: 1. (14) poem, verse form - (a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines)
Super-classes	PoeticWork^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhenInDisgrace

Poet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poet`
Description	Someone who has authored at least one Poem. This is broader than the usual sense of someone who writes good poems often; it can be used to identify the 'Poet' who wrote any Poem. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poet' in WordNet: 1. (14) poet - (a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry))`
Super-classes	Artist^c Author^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op some Poem^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Poetry^c
Sub-classes	Bard^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shakespeare

Poetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poetic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'poetic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) poetic, poetical - (of or relating to poetry; 'poetic works'; 'a poetic romance')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PoeticRhythm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoeticRhythm`
Description	A ''PoeticRhythm'' is a type of ''Versification'' specifiying the pattern of syllables and accents on the syllables. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poetic rhythm' in WordNet: 1. poetic rhythm, rhythmic pattern, prosody - ((prosody) a system of versification)`
Super-classes	Versification^c
Sub-classes	Cadence^c

PoeticWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoeticWork`
Description	CYC: A collection of intangible artifacts (cf. #$Artifact-Intangible). Each instance of #$PoeticWork consists of words carefully chosen and arranged both for the meaning and images they express and for the sounds that are produced when they are spoken. The subject of a #$PoeticWork is often, but need not be, timeless and abstract. `NOTE that a PoeticWork (such as a song) may have components other than a single Poem. For single complete Poem, use 'Poem'.`
Super-classes	LiteraryWork^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value Poem^c
Sub-classes	Poetry^c Poem^c

Poetics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poetics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poetics' in WordNet: 1. poetics - (study of poetic works)`
Super-classes	LiteraryStudy^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Poetry^c

Poetry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poetry`
Description	A Group of Poems, considered as a unit. One such group is all the poems every created, the most general 'poetry'. `NOTE: there is a more abstract notion of 'poetry' analogous to a substance, such that one can say that a work consist of poetry. That notion is not represented in COSMO, and does not appear in WordNet. Likewise, poetry as a field or discipline is not represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poetry' in WordNet: 1. (11) poetry, poesy, verse - (literature in metrical form)`
Super-classes	Group^c PoeticWork^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Poem^c

Poignant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poignant

Description

       NOTE: 'poignant grief' may be a different sense 2 of 'poignant'.
        2. (2) poignant - (keenly distressing to the mind or feelings; 'poignant anxiety')

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'poignant' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) affecting, poignant, touching - (arousing affect;
           'the homecoming of the released hostages was an affecting scene'; 
           'poignant grief cannot endure forever'; 'his gratitude was simple and touching')

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

Poikilotherm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poikilotherm`
Description	A specialization of #$Animal and an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType. Each instance of #$Poikilotherm is a cold-blooded animal. That is, each instance is an animal whose body temperature is determined mainly by its surrounding environmental temperature. Cf. #$Homeotherm. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poikilotherm' in WordNet: 1. poikilotherm, ectotherm - (an animal whose body temperature varies with the temperature of its surroundings; any animal except birds and mammals)`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	ColdBloodedVertebrate^c Invertebrate^c

Poinsettia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poinsettia

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poinsettia' in WordNet:
         1. poinsettia, Christmas star, Christmas flower, lobster plant, 
            Mexican flameleaf, painted leaf, Euphorbia pulcherrima - 
            (tropical American plant having poisonous milk and showy tapering 
            usually scarlet petallike leaves surrounding small yellow flowers)

Super-classes Spurge^c

PointLike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PointLike`
Description	'PointLike' is the property of an object that is similar to a 'GeometricalPoint', having little or no extension in any direction - close to zero-dimensional.
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c

PointOfView^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PointOfView`
Description	A''PointOfView'' is a way of 'viewing' or 'considering' or 'looking at' or 'interpreting' situations. This is not necessarily a 'bias', but can be,for example, a tendency to look at situations or problems from a practical or scentific or analytical point of view. A 'Perspective' can be influenced by a person's background or present situation, or view of the world or religious or ideological commitment. A ''PointOfView'' is closely related to a ''Stance'' in that a ''PointOfView'' is a ''Feeling'' that predisposes a Person to adopt a particular 'position' on an issue, and if that Person then reasons so as to create a rationalization of that position, that position becomes a ''Stance''. (.e. a Person must be able to articulate line of reasoning that was performed before s/he is asked about the position, not create one ad hoc. Closely related to ''Stance'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'point of view' and sense 1 of 'perspective' in WordNet: 1. (13) point of view, viewpoint, stand, standpoint - (a mental position from which things are viewed; 'we should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the Russians'; 'teaching history gave him a special point of view toward current events') WN noun 'light': 3. (15) light - (a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; 'although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand')
Super-classes	Attitude^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Stance^c
Sub-classes	Slant^c Orientation-Viewpoint^c Stance^c

Pointed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pointed

Description

''Pointed'' characteries an Action that is performed so as to have a clearly implied intention.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pointed' in Wordnet:
         2. pointed - (direct and obvious in meaning or reference; often unpleasant;
             'a pointed critique'; 'a pointed allusion to what was going on'; 
             'another pointed look in their direction')

Super-classes Obvious^c
Unconcealed^c

Pointedly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pointedly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'pointedly' in Wordnet: 1. pointedly - (in such a manner as to make something clearly evident; 'he pointedly ignored the question')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Pointer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pointer`
Description	A ''Pointer'' is a ''Suggestion'' that is a piece of ''InformationAboutaTopic'' in any of various forms that provides either (1) some information about how to do something; or (2) some reference to where to find specific information. `No WN sense seems to cover this. In RHW there are two senses: 6. a piece of advice, esp. on how to succeed in a specific area: The food expert gave some good pointers on making better salads. 7. Computers. an identifier giving the location in storage of something of interest, as a data item, table, or subroutine. Also in RHW sense 3 of noun entry 3 of 'tip' has a similar meaning: 3. a useful hint or idea; a basic, practical fact: tips on painting. This sense will include both RHW senses.`
Super-classes	Suggestion^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value InformationAboutaTopic^c

PointingToSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PointingToSomething

Description

'PointingToSomething' is an Action in which some Animal (usually a Person, but it could be an animal, like a 'pointer' dog) performs some act that is intended to be seen by other agents and draw their attention to some visible thing. This includes pointing to an action as well as showing objects.

      This sense corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'point' and sense 2 of'indicate' in WordNet:
        1. (25) indicate, point, show - (indicate a place, direction,
            person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively; 
            'I showed the customer the glove section'; 'He pointed to 
            the empty parking space'; 'he indicated his opponents')

Super-classes ShowingSomething^c
Informing^c

Pointless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pointless

Description

''Pointless'' is an attribute of an Action for which the expenditure of time and effort produced or is likely to produce no result that was sufficiently beneficial to justify the effort. e.g. arguing with someone who it is known with certainty will not change his/her decision.

    WN adj 'pointless':
          2. otiose, pointless, superfluous, wasted - (serving no useful purpose;
            having no excuse for being; 'otiose lines in a play'; 'advice is wasted words')

Super-classes EventAttributeValue^c

PointyEnd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PointyEnd`
Description	A 'PointyEnd' is the sharp pointed, sometimes conical end of an Object or part of an Object. PointyEndedObjects will always have a PointyEnd. Its shape will be very roughly conical. @ToDo - distinguish flat pointy ends (knife) from round pointy ends (pencul tips). Although this has the attribute 'Sharp' it is not classified as a 'SharpObject', which is best left to cutting devicess or things that have a 'PointyEnd' as a part. `Corresponds to noun sense 15 of 'point' in WordNet: 15. (1) point - (sharp end; 'he stuck the point of the knife into a tree'; 'he broke the point of his pencil')`
Super-classes	EndOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sharp^c

PointyEnded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PointyEnded

Description

Includes anything which tapers to a pointy or sharp end and is hard enough to pierce something - - pens, pencils, needles, pins, nails, and wood-screws, but not wires (no taper). Most knives would be included, but only because they have pointy ends. A knife with a rounded ended and a sharp blade would not be included.

      This is similar to adjective 'pointy' but there is no WN
            sense for that word.
       RHW adj 'pointy' is similar:
          having a comparatively sharp point:
              The elf had pointy little ears.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pointed' in WordNet:
            1. (2) pointed - (having a point)

Super-classes Solid^c
Sharp^c
Tapered^c

PointyEndedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PointyEndedObject`
Description	In Cyc 'PointyEnded', a PhysicalObject. This can be of any size (needle, pen,church ''Steeple''); it only refers to the tapering end. `An object that is pointy-ended.`
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PointyEnd^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PointyEnded^c
Sub-classes	ConductorsBaton^c Steeple^c Prickle^c Arrow^c SpadeBlade^c Pen^c Dart^c Barb^c Pin^c Needle^c Obelisk^c Nail^c Stake^c AnimalSting^c Spear^c TaperedScrew^c Wand^c NailShaft^c Pencil^c Spike^c Toothpick^c ArrowHead^c HeadCrest^c Peg^c ProddingDevice^c Thorn^c LeadPencil^c Gadget^c

Poise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poise`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'poise' in WordNet: 3. aplomb, assuredness, cool, poise, sang-froid - (great coolness and composure under strain; 'keep your cool')`
Super-classes	Calmness-Feeling^c MentalState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Poised^c

Poised^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poised

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'poised' in Wordnet:
          2. collected, equanimous, poised, self-collected, self-contained, self-possessed -
            (in full control of your faculties; 'the witness remained collected 
            throughout the cross-examination'; 'perfectly poised and sure of himself';
            'more self-contained and more dependable than many of the early frontiersmen'; 
            'strong and self-possessed in the face of trouble')

Super-classes Calm^c
SelfConfident^c

PoisingInFlight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoisingInFlight

Description

''PoisingInFlight'' specifically refers to a oause in forward motion when in flight.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poise' in WordNet:
          1. (3) poise - (be motionless, in suspension;
             'The bird poised for a few moments before it attacked')

Super-classes Hovering^c

PoisingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoisingSomething`
Description	This is an Action that causes some SolidObject to be ''PhysicallyBalanced''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'poise' in WordNet: 3. (1) poise - (cause to be balanced or suspended)`
Super-classes	LocatingInIntendedPosition^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value SolidObject^c causes^op value BeingBalanced^c

Poison^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poison`
Description	A substance that causes biochemical damage to an organism. Not all organisms need be sensitive to all Poisons, a Poison only has to be harmful to some large class of organisms including at least most members of some species. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poison' in WordNet: 1. (4) poison, toxicant, poisonous substance - (any substance that causes injury or illness or death of a living organism)`
Super-classes	ToxicSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Poisonous^c
Sub-classes	Atropine^c Toxin^c

PoisonIvy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoisonIvy`
Description	''PoisonIvy'' is a low-growing plant common in the Easter USA that can cause a rash with very itchy blisters on the skin when touched, due to an oil the plant exudes. 'leaves of three, let them be' Some lyrics from the song 'Poison Ivy' by 'The Coasters': You're gonna need an ocean, Of calamine lotion. You'll be scratchin' like a hound, The minute you start to mess around! Poison Ivy, Poison Ivy, Late at night while your sleepin', Poison Ivy comes creepin' around. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'poison ivy' ('poison oak' is one of the WN synonyms,but that is a different plant - may be confused, but is not an appropriate synonym) in WordNet: 2. poison ivy, markweed, poison mercury, poison oak, Toxicodendron radicans, Rhus radicans - (climbing plant common in eastern and central United States with ternate leaves and greenish flowers followed by white berries; yields an irritating oil that causes a rash on contact)
Super-classes	Plant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Poisonous^c

PoisoningAnOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoisoningAnOrganism`
Description	'PoisoningAnOrganism' is the intentional delivery of a Poison to some organism, animal or plant, with the intention to kill or harm it. `A successful killing with poison is represented by ''PoisoningToDeath''. Includes verb sense 1 of 'poison' and noun sense 2 of 'poisoning' in WordNet, but includes attempts at poisoning that do not result in death: in WordNet: 5. poison - (administer poison to; 'She poisoned her husband but he did not die') WN noun 'poisoning': 2. poisoning - (the act of giving poison to a person or animal with the intent to kill)`
Super-classes	DrugTherapy^c PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	consumesSubstance^op value Poison^c mayCause^op value PoisoningToDeath^c
Sub-classes	PoisoningToDeath^c

PoisoningCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoisoningCondition`
Description	A specialization of #$AilmentCondition (q.v.). This is the collection of conditions resulting from the intake of a substance by an organism (where the kind and quantity of the substance is toxic to the organism in question). Note that none of the instances of this collection include the actual intake of the substance. For a collection with instances that do include these, see #$Poisoning-Script. NOTE that this is not the action of one person poisoning another, it is the condition of being poisoned (not necessarily intentionally). SUMO: A Poisoning is caused by an external substance. Since Poisoning is not possible without some biologic function which affects the Organism being injured, it is a subclass of BiologicalProcess. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poisoning' in WordNet: 1. poisoning, toxic condition, intoxication - (the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance)
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c LifeThreateningCondition^c
Restrictions	isCausedByExposureTo^op value Poison^c
Sub-classes	FoodPoisoning^c

PoisoningToDeath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoisoningToDeath`
Description	''PoisoningToDeath'' is ''Killing'' a living thing by intentionally administering some ''Poison'' in some form. This can be done by poisoning food or applying poison gas (as in chemical warfare or a gas chamber) , or (for plants) by spraying with a herbicide, or euthanasia using poison in some manner.. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'poison' in WordNet: 3. (1) poison - (kill with poison; 'She poisoned her husband')`
Super-classes	Killing^c PoisoningAnOrganism^c DeathByKilling^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PoisoningAnOrganism^c alwaysCauses^op value Death^c

Poisonous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poisonous`
Description	An AttributeValue of substances that are Poisons. Includes RHW 'toxic: 1. of, pertaining to, affected with, or caused by a toxin or poison: a toxic condition. 2. acting as or having the effect of a poison; poisonous: a toxic drug. RHW 'noxious': 1. harmful or injurious to health or physical well-being: noxious fumes. NOTE: 'noxious' is often used for fumes as a synonym or 'toxic' but less often for liquid or solid materials. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'poisonous' and sense 1 of 'toxic' and part of sense 1 of 'noxious' in WordNet (it is unclear whether something can be 'unsafe to eat' and not be poisonous): in WordNet: 1. (2) poisonous, toxicant - (having the qualities or effects of a poison) 2. poisonous - (not safe to eat) WN adj 'toxic': 1. (3) toxic - (of or relating to or caused by a toxin or poison; 'suffering from exposure to toxic substances') WN adj 'noxious': 1. noxious, harmful - (injurious to physical or mental health; 'noxious chemical wastes'; 'noxious ideas')
Super-classes	Harmful^c
Sub-classes	Carcinogenic^c

PoisonousPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoisonousPlant`
Description	A ''PoisonousPlant'' is any plant that can cause an ''AilmentCondition'' by being touched or ingested, or as in the case of PoisonIvy, by inhaling fumes from the plant, as when it is burned. Common examples in the eastern USA are ''PoisonIvy'', poison oak, and poison sumac. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poisonous plant' in WordNet: 1. poisonous plant - (a plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or fatal to an organism)`
Super-classes	Plant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Poisonous^c

PokerDeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PokerDeck`
Description	Each ''PokerDeck' is a ''DeckOfCards'' that is the traditional poker set of 52 cards, 12 each of ''Diamond-TheCard''s,''Heart-TheCard''s, ''Club-TheCard''s, and ''Spade-TheCard''s. A ''PackOfThings'' for which each Object is a playing card. A tarot deck is not included. The individual cards can be specified when necessary. `NOTE: this does nothave to be a 52-card deck, as some decks ('Casino') have different numbers of cards. See ''PokerDeck'' for the 52-card set. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deck of cards' in WordNet: 1. (1) pack of cards, deck of cards, deck - (a pack of 52 playing cards)`
Super-classes	DeckOfCards^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 52

PokerGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PokerGame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poker game' in WordNet: 1. poker, poker game - (any of various card games in which players bet that they hold the highest-ranking hand)`
Super-classes	CardGame^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value PlayingAPokerGame^c
Sub-classes	StudPoker^c

Poking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poking`
Description	A TouchingState in which a Person intentionally and somewhat forcefully touches an Object (usually a Person or an animal) with some part of the arm, such as the hand,or a finger, or the elbow. `This is a subtype of ''ApplingForce'' through ''HittingAnObject''. NOTE that this is both a ''HittingAnObject''and a ''TouchingState''inddicating that this can be either abrupt or somewhat prolonged. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'poke' and non sense1 of 'jab' in WordNet: 1. (7) jab, prod, stab, poke, dig - (poke or thrust abruptly; 'he jabbed his finger into her ribs')`
Super-classes	TouchingDeliberately^c HittingAnObject^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op some (Hand^c or Finger^c or Elbow^c) hasSubEvent^op value TouchingState^c
Sub-classes	GoadingAnAnimal^c

Polar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polar

Description

      Includes adjective senses 3 and 4 of 'polar' in Wordnet:
        3. polar - (located at or near or coming from the earth's poles; 
          'polar diameter'; 'polar zone'; 'a polar air mass'; 'Antarctica is 
            the only polar continent')
        4. polar - (of or existing at or near a geographical pole or within
          the Arctic or Antarctic Circles; 'polar regions')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PolarBear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolarBear`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polar bear' in WordNet: 1. ice bear, polar bear, Ursus Maritimus, Thalarctos maritimus - (white bear of arctic regions)`
Super-classes	Bear^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthPolarRegion^c hasColor^op value White^c

PolarOpposites^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolarOpposites`
Description	''PolarOpposites'' are any two entities for which each entity has some type of attribute that has a completely opposite value from that of the other element. `From psychologydictionary.org: end points of a polar continuum, wherein a parameter progresses from one pole to its adversary. POLAR OPPOSITES: 'Polar opposites are commonly referred to in terms of individuals, that are part of a couple, who are said to be very different in traits and interests.'`
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value QualitativelyOpposite^c

PolarZone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolarZone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polar zone' in WordNet: 1. Frigid Zone, polar zone, polar region - (the part of the Earth's surface forming a cap over a pole; characterized by frigid climate)`
Super-classes	LatitudinalZone^c GeographicalArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Polar^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value IcyCold^c surroundsHorizontally^op value EarthPole^c
Sub-classes	ArcticZone^c

Polarity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polarity

Description

''Polarity'' is the relation between two entities that are considered as completely opposite of each other in some respect, such that no higer degree of contrast is possible with respect to that attribute type..

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polarity' in WordNet:
        1. (3) mutual opposition, polarity - (a relation between two opposite 
               attributes or tendencies; 
               'he viewed it as a balanced polarity between good and evil')

Super-classes Oppositeness^c

Polarized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polarized

Description

This sense of ''Polarized'' characterizes ''Light'' that has been modified so that it vibrates predomintly in one direction. This is commonly accomplished by absorbing Light that is ''Polarized' in one direction, leaving Light polarized in the right-angled direction to pass through the lens. But other techniques may be used, including emission of Light that is already Polarized wthout modification.

        The closest RHW definition of adj. 'polarized' is:
          1. of or pertaining to a medium that exhibits polarization.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

PolarizedLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolarizedLight`
Description
Super-classes	Light^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value PolarizingLight^c

PolarizingLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolarizingLight`
Description	''PolarizingLight'' is the Action of causing a change in some form of ''Light'' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'polarize' in WordNet: 1. (2) polarize, polarise - (cause to vibrate in a definite pattern; 'polarize light waves') WN noun 'polarization': 1. (3) polarization, polarisation - (the phenomenon in which waves of light or other radiation are restricted in direction of vibration)`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PolarizingLight^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Polarized^c hadChangedEntity^op only (Light^c or EventType^c)

Pole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pole`
Description	A Rod that is used to support things, whether aligned vertically or horizontally in the gravitational field; usually a Pole is longer than five feet, and made of wood, metal, or plastic; but some Poles, such as a Pole used as frame for a Tent, may beless than five feet long.. This will include some objects not normally called a 'rod' or 'pole'. Concrete or stone columns are not 'poles' (too thick, and neither stone nor concrete can be used to create a Pole).but flagpoles are, and the thick supporting pole of a large tent also is; the poles used in a pole vault are instances. The mast of a sailing ship is usually also a Pole. A 'Pole' differs from the more generic 'Rod' primarily in its mode of usage; a rod may be used for any purpose in any orientation, and in mobile situations, such as a pointing rod manipulated in the hand, or a divining Rod, or a glass Rod for stirring liquids, or a magic wand (also a Rod). A Pole is used to support things, and is usually stationary (relative to its support) when being used; however, a Pole used in a Pole vault is a Pole, even though it is not quite stationary when it is being used, it still supports the person doing the vaulting.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pole' in WordNet: 1. (6) pole - (a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic)`
Super-classes	Shaft^c
Sub-classes	Flagpole^c ClothingRod^c BargePole^c Spar^c

PoliceBlotter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceBlotter`
Description	A ''PoliceBlotter'' is a ''WrittenRecord''' that contains the list of charges against ''Suspect''s recorded in one or more ''BookingaPerp'' Actions at a particular police station. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police blotter' in WordNet: 1. blotter, day book, police blotter, rap sheet, charge sheet - (the daily written record of events (as arrests) in a police station)`
Super-classes	WrittenRecord^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value BookingaPerp^c

PoliceChief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceChief`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police chief' in WordNet: 1. (4) captain, police captain, police chief - (a policeman in charge of a precinct)`
Super-classes	PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value PolicePrecinct^c isEmployedBy^op value City^c

PoliceDepartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceDepartment`
Description	This ''PoliceDepartment'' includes state, county, and city departments, whatever they are called locally. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police department' in WordNet: 1. (3) police department - (the department of local government concerned with enforcing the law and preventing crime)`
Super-classes	PoliceOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasOrganizationMember^op some LocalLawEnforcementOfficer^c
Sub-classes	CountyPoliceDepartment^c

PoliceForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceForce`
Description	Each ''PoliceForce'' is a GroupOfPeople each of whom is a ''LocalLawEnforcementOfficer'' (usually a ''PoliceOfficer-Municipal''), and who is a member of some ''PoliceDepartment''. NOTE that this is not an Organization (see ''PoliceOrganization''). This is a Group of police officers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police force' in WordNet: 1. (1) police, police force, constabulary, law - (the force of policemen and officers; 'the law came looking for him') WN The term 'fuzz' is usually used to refer to police collectively rather than WN an individual police officer so it is a label here. WN noun 'fuzz': 2. bull, cop, copper, fuzz, pig -- (uncomplimentary terms for a policeman), pig - (uncomplimentary terms for a policeman)`
Super-classes	Personnel^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only LocalLawEnforcementOfficer^c performsAction^op value Policing^c typicallyWorksAt^op some PoliceOrganization^c isManagedBy^op some PoliceOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Gendarmerie^c

PoliceInvestigator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceInvestigator`
Description	A ''PoliceInvestigator'' is a trained ''Inspector'' working with a Police department to solve crimes; an ''Investigator'' who investigates criminal actions as part of a police force. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detective' in WordNet: 1. (27) detective, investigator, tec, police detective - (a police officer who investigates crimes) WN noun 'inspector': 1. (4) inspector - (a high ranking police officer)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c Investigator^c Inspector^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Inspection^c performsAction^op value CriminalInvestigationEvent^c

PoliceLieutenant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceLieutenant

Description

A ''PoliceInvestigator'' is a ''PoliceOfficer-Municipal'' with a rank of 'lietentant', higher than a 'Patrolman'

        Q: what distinguishes a 'lietenant' from other police officers??

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police lieutenant' in WordNet:
         1. lieutenant, police lieutenant - (an officer in a police force)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c

PoliceLineup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceLineup`
Description	A ''PoliceLineup'' is a ''RowOfPeople'', in which (usually) at least one is a 'suspect' in a Criminal investigation. This is only the RowOfPeople; the action of conducting a 'lineup' to create a ''PoliceLineup'' is not yet represented. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lineup' in WordNet: 2. lineup - (a line of persons arranged by police for inspection or identification)`
Super-classes	RowOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Suspect^c hasComponentElement^op min 2 isUsedInAction^op value CriminalInvestigationEvent^c

PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceOfficer-Municipal`
Description	CYC: The collection of all police officers in the sense of #$LawEnforcementOfficers who serve municipalities: cities, towns, villages, and the like. This collection is probably what the average person thinks of first on hearing the word 'police': however, users should bear in mind that the term 'police' or 'policeman' has a broader scope than just #$PoliceOfficer-Municipal. The determining feature of this collection is the jurisdiction within which authority is exercised: if it is at the municipal level, then the individual is a #$PoliceOfficer-Municipal, otherwise, not. Examples would include an English 'bobby', a highway patrolman who is a member of the police department of a modern American city, and the town constable in a turn-of-the-century American town. Negative examples would include a military policeman, a member of the state highway patrol, or an agent of the FBI. `COSMO note: this includes the plural meaning of 'police', not yet represented in COSMO. @ToDo. The type ''PoliceForce'' partly serves that purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'officer' and sense 1 of 'policeman' (including women) in WordNet: 3. (107) policeman, police officer, officer - (a member of a police force; 'it was an accident, officer') WN noun 'cop': 1. (20) bull, cop, copper, fuzz, pig - (uncomplimentary terms for a policeman)`
Super-classes	LocalLawEnforcementOfficer^c FirstResponder^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Policing^c isamemberOfOrganization^op value PoliceOrganization^c isaComponentElementOf^op value PoliceForce^c isEmployedBy^op some City^c
Sub-classes	PoliceChief^c PoliceInvestigator^c PoliceLieutenant^c NewYorkCop^c MountedPoliceman^c

PoliceOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceOrganization`
Description	CYC: The collection of law enforcement agencies that are legally empowered to enforce laws. This collection includes police forces, national bureaux of investigation, some forest services, park police, hunting and game commission officers, border police, governmental executive protection services, military police, etc. It does NOT include those instances of #$LawEnforcementOrganization that only track and disseminate information about criminal activity, but do not directly enforce laws (e.g., #$INTERPOL). `NOTE that this is the ''Organization'' that controls the actions of the ''PoliceForce''. SUMO: Any GovernmentOrganization that is charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the Government. WN 'police' does not distingush betweenthe organization and the Group' of people who work there. thus this synset is duplicted at ''PoliceForce'' in WordNet: 1. (34) police, police force, constabulary, law - (the force of policemen and officers; 'the law came looking for him')`
Super-classes	LegalGovernmentOrganization^c LawEnforcementOrganization^c
Restrictions	manages^op some PoliceForce^c
Sub-classes	PoliceDepartment^c

PolicePrecinct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolicePrecinct`
Description	A ''PolicePrecinct'' is a ''Precinct'' (a ''CityArea'') with borders defined to delineate the area patrolled by Police in one Group that is a subdivision of a city's ''PoliceForce'', usually operating out of one precinct station. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police precinct' in WordNet: 1. police precinct - (a precinct in which law enforcement is the responsibility of particular police force)`
Super-classes	Precinct^c
Restrictions	hasLeader^op value PoliceChief^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Policing^c isUsedInAction^op value Policing^c

PoliceRoadblock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliceRoadblock`
Description	A ''PoliceRoadblock'' is usually but not necessaarily set up and managed by a Police force. `Coresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barricade' in WordNet: 1. (2) roadblock, barricade - (a barrier set up by police to stop traffic on a street or road in order to catch a fugitive or inspect traffic etc.) the advance of an enemy); 'they stormed the barricade')`
Super-classes	BarrierObject^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value BlockingTraffic^c hinders^op value Traffic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impassable^c isTypicallyManagedBy^op value PoliceOrganization^c isLocatedAt^op value Roadway^c prevents^op value PassingThroughOrBySomething^c

Policing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Policing`
Description	''Policing'' is the type of ''GuardingSomething'' done by a ''PoliceOrganization'' or its associated ''PoliceForce''. `Corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'police' in WordNet: 1. (4) patrol, police - (maintain the security of by carrying out a patrol)`
Super-classes	GuardingSomething^c AdministeringaCity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value PoliceForce^c isPerformedBy^op value PoliceOfficer-Municipal^c

Policy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Policy`
Description	A ''Policy'' is ''Plan'' (a ''Procedure'') whose execution is contingent on existence of some ''PlanContext''. This differs from a simple ''Plan (plan of action) in including multiple ''Plan''s each dependent for execution on some ''PlanContext'' - there are different 'Plans''s for different ''PlanContext''s (contingencies). A ''Policy'' may be created for a very small group, such as a family, or for the entire world,as through the United Nations. One policy might be, for example, not to pay ransom to kidnappers: this implies that not paying ransom anticipates alternative consequences and requires alternative actions. NOTE: in WN a 'policy' may be a 'rationalization' or a 'plan of action'. In COSMO it is a Plan that is contingent on circumstances, and the circumstances appear to be the 'rationalization' that is referred to in WN sense 1. NOTE: the speicifally governmental ''Policy''s propounded by politicians or adopted by governments are representd in the subtype ''PoliticalPolicy''. Includes elements of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'policy' (governmental and non-governmental are somewhat mixed in these WN synsets), but this more general type is identified with WN sense 2. Sense 1 is in ''PoliticalPolicy''. in WordNet: 1. (265) policy - (a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; 'they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation') 2. (126) policy - (a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; 'it was a policy of retribution'; 'a politician keeps changing his policies')
Super-classes	Plan^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op min 2 refersToFutureSituation^op only PlanContext^c
Sub-classes	PoliticalPolicy^c ContainmentPolicy^c Activism^c CosmeticMeasures^c

Policy-Making^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Policy-Making

Description

''Policy-Making'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the act of 'MakingPolicy''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'policy-making' in Wordnet:
          1. policy-making - (concerned with policy, not administration)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PolicyMaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolicyMaker`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'policy maker' in WordNet: 1. (1) policy maker - (someone who sets the plan pursued by a government or business etc.; 'policy makers often make the right decision for the wrong reason')`
Super-classes	InfluentialPerson^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Policy^c
Sub-classes	HeadOfState^c StateGovernor^c Mayor^c HeadOfAnOrganization^c

PolicyProposal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolicyProposal`
Description	A PolicyProposal is a ''Proposal' (a LinguisticAssertion) to adopt a ''Policy'', among some reasonably stable group of agents that have some more or less formal codification of their policies. This is not only for governments and organizations, though it is likely to be used most commonly by them.
Super-classes	Proposal^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Policy^c
Sub-classes	RadicalPolicyProposal^c

Polio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polio`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polio' in WordNet: 1. (1) poliomyelitis, polio, infantile paralysis, acute anterior poliomyelitis - (an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord)`
Super-classes	ViralInfection^c ContagiousDisease^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Inflammation^c hadDamagedObject^op value NerveCell^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Acute^c hadAffectedBodypart^op value Brain^c hadAffectedBodypart^op value SpinalCord^c

Polish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polish`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Polish' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Polish - (of or relating to Poland or its people or culture; 'Polish sausage')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

PolishPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolishPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Pole' in WordNet: 2. (4) Pole - (a native or inhabitant of Poland)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poland^c

PolishStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolishStuff`
Description	A substance that is semiliquid or powdery, used to make the surface on some solid object smoooth and/or shiny. The ''Polish'' may be an abrasive that removes material from the surface to smooth the object, or, as with shoe polich, may be a semisolid material that adheres to the surface so that the polish itself provides the smooth appearance. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'polish' in Wordnet: 3. polish - (a preparation used in polishing)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PolishingSomething^c
Sub-classes	ShoePolish^c

Polished^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polished

Description

''Polished'' is an AttributeValue of the surface of an ArtifactObject that experienced a ''PolishingSomething''. This attribute ay improve the appearance of an Object, but for Artifacts used for reflection, it improves the functional efficacy.

      NOTE: this is only for surfaces, not for (as in WN gloss) 'prose'.

         Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'polished' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) polished - (perfected or made shiny and smooth; 'his polished prose'; 
           'in a freshly ironed dress and polished shoes'; 'freshly polished silver')

Super-classes Smooth^c
Improved^c

PolishingShoes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolishingShoes`
Description	Making the uppers of shoes shiny by rubbing them with polish and a shoe brush. The restriction requires that the Shoe(s) polished be explicitly referenced.
Super-classes	PolishingSomething^c HandlingAnObject^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Shoe^c

PolishingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolishingSomething`
Description	A specialization of #$Rubbing. In each instance of #$PolishingSomething, a surface of an object is made smooth and glossy by rubbing that surface. COSMO note: in Cyc, polishing is not a subtype of AbradingSomething, but in COSMO it is. To 'polish' something merely by removing surface dirt is a 'CleaningEvent'; normal acts of 'polishing' typically remove some material from the surface of the thing polished. For this reason, silver plate evenetually wears off after numerous polishing events. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'polish' and sense 10 of 'shine' in WordNet: 1. (7) polish, smooth, smoothen, shine - - (make (a surface) shine; 'shine the silver, please'; 'polish my shoes')
Super-classes	CleaningEvent^c AbradingSomething^c AbradingaSurface^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c Rubbing^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value PolishStuff^c produces^op value SmoothObject^c
Sub-classes	PolishingShoes^c

Polite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polite`
Description	'Polite' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who is considerate of others and tries to avoid doing things that offend people. AttributeValues that are listed under 'Polite' are applied to people, but only characterized behavior at a particular time, and do not imply anything about their habitual behavior or character. The distinction between being 'polite' at a particular time and generally polite is not used as of rev811. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'polite' and senses 1 and 2 of 'courteous' and sense 2 of 'civil' in WordNet: 1. (3) polite - (showing regard for others in manners, speech, behavior, etc.) WN 'courteous': 1. (1) courteous, gracious, nice - (exhibiting courtesy and politeness; 'a nice gesture') 2. courteous - (characterized by courtesy and gracious good manners; 'if a man be gracious and courteous to strangers it shows he is a citizen of the world'-Francis Bacon) WN adj 'civil': 2. (1) civil, polite - (not rude; marked by satisfactory (or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others; 'even if he didn't like them he should have been civil'- W.S. Maugham)
Super-classes	Considerate^c
Sub-classes	Courteous^c Refined^c

PoliteAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliteAction`
Description	A ''PoliteAction'' is any of a broad category of Actions that are motivated by and exhibit a consideration for the needs and feelings of other people, expressed in a way that 'conforms' to 'norms' of civilized behavior. This contrasts with rude or self-scentered or inconsiderate behavior. These are the kinds of actions that are expected in a 'polite society' or 'civil society' - they 'conform to' the norms of civilized behavior. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'politeness' in WordNet: 2. politeness, civility - (the act of showing regard for others)`
Super-classes	CooperationEvent^c ConformingAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Polite^c
Sub-classes	Deference^c Formality^c Courtesy^c

Politely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politely`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'politely' in Wordnet: 1. (4) politely, courteously - (in a polite manner; 'the policeman answered politely, 'Now look here, lady...'')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Politeness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politeness`
Description	''Politeness'' is a quality of a Person having the AttributeValue ''Polite''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'politeness' in WordNet: 1. (3) politeness, niceness - (a courteous manner that respects accepted social usage) 2. politeness, civility - (the act of showing regard for others)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Polite^c

Political^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Political`
Description	'Political' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Politics and things related to Politics, such as 'PoliticalProcess', 'PoliticalAction', 'PoliticalParty', 'PoliticalGoal', 'PoliticalEvent', and partisan elections, among other things. This is a broad type, including many things related to politics. It may be useful to distinguish pplitical actions from political opeinions (views, ideas, preferences) and political office, but those possible subtypes are not represented as of rev811. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'political' in WordNet: 1. (45) political - (involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians; 'calling a meeting is a political act in itself'- Daniel Goleman; 'political pressure'; 'a political machine'; 'political office'; 'political policy') 2. (11) political - (of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power; 'political opinions') 3. (6) political - (of or relating to the profession of governing; 'political career')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Geopolitical^c SocioPolitical^c

PoliticalCadre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalCadre`
Description	A ''PoliticalCadre'' is a ''Cadre'' of people within some PoliticalUnit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadre' in WordNet: 1. (1) cell, cadre - (a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement)`
Super-classes	Cadre^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some PoliticalUnit^c

PoliticalCampaign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalCampaign`
Description	This differs from ''PoliticalElectionCampaign'' in that it is the full competition that includes the entire group of Events from the campaigning of different candidates to the actual voting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'political campaign' in WordNet: 1. (9) political campaign, campaign, run - (a race between candidates for elective office; 'I managed his campaign for governor'; 'he is raising money for a Senate run')`
Super-classes	Deciding-Collectively^c Competition^c PoliticalEvent^c Campaign^c Event-Organized^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some PoliticalElectionCampaign^c hasSubEvent^op some Voting^c

PoliticalCentrist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalCentrist`
Description	A ''PoliticalCentrist'' is a Person who is neither a ''Leftist'' nor a ''Conservative''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centrist' in WordNet: 1. centrist, middle of the roader, moderate, moderationist - (a person who takes a position in the political center)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Left-Wing^c

PoliticalCorrectness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalCorrectness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'political correctness' in WordNet: 1. political correctness, political correctitude - (avoidance of expressions or actions that can be perceived to exclude or marginalize or insult people who are socially disadvantaged or discriminated against)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value PoliticallyCorrect^c

PoliticalElectionCampaign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalElectionCampaign`
Description	An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$PoliticalEvent and #$AdvertisingCampaign. Each instance of #$PoliticalElectionCampaign is an event in which a group tries to secure a particular elected office for the candidate of its choice. Note that while every #$PoliticalElectionCampaign is coterminal with some #$ElectionForOffice, #$PoliticalElectionCampaign is disjoint with #$Election. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'campaign' in Wordnet: 1. (9) political campaign, campaign, run - (a race between candidates for elective office; 'I managed his campaign for governor'; 'he is raising money for a Senate run')`
Super-classes	PoliticalEvent^c AdvertisingCampaign^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some ElectoralCandidate^c
Sub-classes	Candidacy^c

PoliticalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$PoliticalEvent is an action that has an important political character. Many official acts by instances of #$RegionalGovernment are included in this collection -- e.g. passing legislation, instances of #$DeclaringWar -- as are actions which affect the structure or composition of govermental bodies (e.g. resigning from office). More broadly, many events which involve candidates for office, instances of #$PoliticalOrganization, or other actors with power to affect political institutions are included -- political fundraising events, letter-writing campaigns, and so on. Events which have only unintended political ramifications, such as a polluting event which prompts a movement for stricter environmental regulations, are not included in this collection. An individual voting (see the collection #$Voting) in an election for public office is an instance of #$PoliticalEvent, but in other cases, it seems necessary to have participants who individually or as a group have some level of political influence. So, most instances of #$PublicProtesting are instances of #$PoliticalEvent, but perhaps a single individual holding a placard is not. A well-known politician switching parties is a #$PoliticalEvent (even if she is in private life), but perhaps JohnDoe switching parties is not. Another borderline case: the influencing of a government official by a private lobbyist.
Super-classes	Event-Organized^c CulturalThing^c Politics^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Political^c
Sub-classes	DemonstratingForaPolicy^c PoliticalElectionCampaign^c EconomicEmbargo^c PoliticalCampaign^c PassingaLaw^c ProtestingaPolicy^c EconomicPolicy^c PropagandaCampaign^c Insurgency^c Legislating^c

PoliticalGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalGoal`
Description	This attribute characterizes goals which are pursued, at least in part, in the political arena.
Super-classes	CollectiveGoal^c
Sub-classes	ForeignPolicyGoal^c

PoliticalIdeologicalBelief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalIdeologicalBelief`
Description	A ''PoliticalIdeologicalBelief'' is an ''Ideology'' that focuses on beliefs about how a government should or should not act. `NOTE that the Feelings motivating a ''PoliticalIdeologicalBelief'' are represented as ''PoliticalIdeology''. Approximately corresponds to sense 1 of 'ideology' in WordNet. the more general Ideology is the parent type.. in WordNet: 1. (4) political orientation, ideology, political theory - (an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation) WN noun 'politics': 4. (1) politics, political sympathies - (the opinion you hold with respect to political questions)`
Super-classes	Ideology^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedInEvent^op value PoliticalIdeology^c
Sub-classes	Conservatism^c Liberalism^c Anarchism^c

PoliticalIdeology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalIdeology`
Description	A ''PoliticalIdeology'' is an ''Ideology' that motivates a ''TasteInActions''(a ''Feeling'') that can affect a individual's or a community's ''Politics'', whether the Actions are taken by the one holding the ideology or taken by some office holder or candidate that the ideology holder supports. NOTe that this is the Feeling, not the abstract theory. This type and its consequent Belief ''PoliticalIdeologicalBelief'' illustrate the difference between a ''Feeling'' (a type of Event) and a ''Belief'' (a type of ''MentalObject'') the Belief is abstract the Feeling is an Event - mental processes occurring within the brain. NOTE that the ''PoliticalIdeology'' Feelings motivate a ''PoliticalIdeologicalBelief''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'political orientation' in WordNet: 1. political orientation, ideology, political theory - (an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation)
Super-classes	Ideology^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value PoliticalIdeologicalBelief^c
Sub-classes	Extremism^c Federalism^c TotalitarianIdeology^c Elitism^c

PoliticalOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalOrganization`
Description	COSMO note: this includes lobbying organizations that advance some specific agenda (human rights, environment, women's rights etc.) or a branch of a larger organization that has political goals. It does not include lobbying firms that are paid to lobby to advance someone else's political goals. Cyc: A specialization of #$AdvocacyOrganization and #$IdeologicalOrganization. Each instance of #$PoliticalOrganization is an organization whose members share some common political, social, or economic values and goals, and whose main function is to achieve those goals by influencing governmental powers, or by helping persons who favor the views and interests of its members to win elections or otherwise obtain governmental power. The collection #$PoliticalOrganization includes instances of #$PoliticalParty and also instances of #$PoliticalInterestGroup. Note that governmental bodies (such as a #$CityCouncil) are not considered instances of #$PoliticalOrganization. Although such governmental bodies often act in political arenas, that is not their primary function. SUMO: An Organization that is attempting to bring about some sort of political change.
Super-classes	AdvocacyOrganization^c
Sub-classes	PoliticalParty^c
In range of	hasPoliticalAffiliation^op

PoliticalParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalParty`
Description	A specialization of #$PoliticalOrganization. Each instance of #$PoliticalParty is an organization that primarily seeks to elect candidates to public office or have members continue holding public office, and which is identified as a party affiliation by persons holding or seeking public office. `Corresponds to moun sense 1 of 'party' in WordNet: 1. (396) party, political party - (an organization to gain political power; 'in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level')`
Super-classes	PoliticalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	NaziParty^c RepublicanParty^c ThirdParty^c DemocraticParty^c CommunistParty^c

PoliticalPartyMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalPartyMember`
Description	A ''PoliticalPartyMember'' is a ''Member'' of a PoliticalParty only in a broad sense - one can identify as a ''Democrat'' without actually voting in a primary election or being a formal member of an organiation affiliated with a political party - closer just to being a supporter or advocate..
Super-classes	Member^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some PoliticalPartyType^c

PoliticalPartyMembers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalPartyMembers`
Description	''PoliticalPartyMembers'' is the Group consisting of the ''PoliticalPartyMember''s of some PoliticalParty.
Super-classes	Role^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only PoliticalPartyMember^c

PoliticalPartyType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalPartyType`
Description	''PoliticalpartyType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''PoliticalParty'' as their argument. Each ''PoliticalParty'' is capable of acting as an agent, and this type is therefore a subtype of 'AgentType'.
Super-classes	IntelligentAgentType^c InheritableType^c
Members	RepublicanParty DemocraticParty NaziParty CommunistParty ThirdParty

PoliticalPolicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalPolicy`
Description	A ''PoliticalPolicy'' is a ''Policy'' adopted by a Government or proposed by a politician (or political commentator). `Includes elements of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'policy' (distinction is unclear) in WordNet: 1. (265) policy - (a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; 'they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation')`
Super-classes	Policy^c
Restrictions	isInTheMindOf^op only (Politician^c or GovernmentalOrganization^c or Commentator^c or OrganizationType^c) refersToFutureSituation^op only PlanContext^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentalPolicy^c Imperialism^c

PoliticalRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalRule`
Description	''PoliticalRule'' is a ''BeingInControl'' (a state) in which the thing controlled is some ''Government'' or ''Country'' or ''GeographicalArea'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dominion' in WordNet: 1. (4) dominion, rule - (dominance or power through legal authority; 'France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa'; 'the rule of Caesar')`
Super-classes	BeingInControl^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value OfficialPower^c
Sub-classes	RuleByTheElite^c

PoliticalUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticalUnit`
Description	Each ''PoliticalUnit'' is a 'Suborganization' of some ''PoliticalOrganization''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'political unit' in WordNet: 1. (1) political unit, political entity - (a unit with political responsibilities)`
Super-classes	Suborganization^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op some PoliticalOrganization^c

PoliticallyConservative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticallyConservative`
Description	The attribute of someone who generally opposes political polcies that add regulation to business or add spending to a government's budget. This varies a lot with people who call themselves 'conservative'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'conservative' in WordNet: 2. (1) conservative - (opposed to liberal reforms)`
Super-classes	Cautious^c
Sub-classes	Right-Wing^c

PoliticallyCorrect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticallyCorrect`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'politically correct' in WordNet: 1. politically correct - (exhibiting political correctness)`
Super-classes	SociallyCorrect^c

PoliticallyLiberal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoliticallyLiberal

Description

The attribute of someone who generally supports political policies that add regulation to preserve the environment and to add spending to reduce poverty and inequality, and prefer progressive taxation rates. This varies a lot with people who call themselves 'liberal'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'liberal' in WordNet:
       2. (4) liberal - (having political or social views favoring reform and progress)

Super-classes Progressive^c

Politician^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politician`
Description	COSMO note: this sense is for a person who is engaged directly in party politics trying to get elected (or being elected) or trying to get someone else elected to public office. Also, people appointed to elective office temporarily are instances of this type. Otherwise, appointed public office holders are instances of 'PublicOfficial'. Cyc: An instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity. Each instance of #$Politician is a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of #$Politician include #$HeadOfState, #$ElectoralCandidate, and #$HeadOfPoliticalParty. in WordNet: WN 'politician' 1. (9) politician - (a leader engaged in civil administration): WN and Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'politician' in WordNet WN (it is unclear what sense 1 means!) 2. (4) politician, politico, pol, political leader - (a person active in party politics)
Super-classes	HumanRole^c HumanAdult^c InfluentialPerson^c
Sub-classes	CommunistPartyMember^c PresidentElect^c ElectedOfficial^c HeadOfState^c ElectoralCandidate^c Statesman^c HeadOfGovernment^c MarxistPerson^c Socialist^c FederalistPerson^c VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial^c VicePresidentOfTheUnitedStates^c

Politicizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politicizing`
Description	''Politicizing'' is an Action that 'modifies' a ''HumanActivity'' by adding a ''PoliticalGoal''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'politicize' in WordNet: 1. politicize, politicise - (give a political character to; "politicize the discussion")`
Super-classes	Altering^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value HumanActivity^c hadAddedObject^op value PoliticalGoal^c

Politics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Politics`
Description	CYC: The collection of activities, methods, and tactics in furtherance of affecting governmental policies (or sometimes activities of other large institutions). In SUMO called 'PoliticalProcess', but in COSMO not restricted to affecting governmental policy. SUMO: An OrganizationalProcess carried out by, for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples would be voting on proposed legislation, electing a government representative, or even overthrowing a government in a revolution. Includes noun sense 2 and 3 of 'politics' in WordNet: 2. (4) politics, political science, government - (the study of government of states and other political units) 3. (3) politics - (the profession devoted to governing and to political affairs)
Super-classes	SociabilityBasedAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Political^c
Sub-classes	Voting^c PoliticalEvent^c

Polity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'polity' in WordNet: 2. polity - (a politically organized unit)`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	Government^c

PollResult^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PollResult

Description

A PollResult is the information obtained as a result of conducting a poll, which is executing a 'PollingMethod'. The information is Linguistic, because an Answer is a subtype of Artifact-Generic.

      No WN sysnset seems to be specific for this concept.

      Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'result' in WordNet:
        3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination -
        (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio')

Super-classes LinguisticAssertion^c
TestResult^c

Pollen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pollen

Description

Pollen, considered as a Substance, the 'grains' being individual Pollen grains. This fits the descriptions of 'Pollen' in Cyc and SUMO,though in those ontologies the logical description fits the COSMO 'PollenGrain'. Pollen is significant in general language as a common cause of allergies.

     Cyc:  A mass of pollen grains.

    SUMO: A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains male 
     gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the same 
     species.

     From the WikiPedia description of 'pollen':
      Pollen itself is not the male gamete.[1] Each pollen grain contains vegetative
        (non-reproductive) cells (only a single cell in most flowering plants but
        several in other seed plants) and a generative (reproductive) cell.
        In flowering plants the vegetative tube cell produces the pollen tube, and 
        the generative cell divides to form the two sperm cells.

        Pollen is produced in the 'microsporangium' (contained in the anther of an 
         angiosperm flower, male cone of a coniferous plant, or male cone of other 
         seed plants). Pollen grains come in a wide variety of shapes (most often spherical), 
         sizes, and surface markings characteristic of the species
         (see electron micrograph, right). Pollen grains of pines, firs, and spruces
         are winged. The smallest pollen grain, that of the forget-me-not (Myosotis spp.),
         is around 6 microns (0.006 mm) in diameter. Wind-borne pollen grains can be as large 
         as about 90-100 microns.[2]

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollen' in Wordnet:
          1. (12) pollen - (the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by 
            an anther in a flowering plant)

Super-classes GranularSubstance^c
OrganicSubstance^c

PollenGrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PollenGrain`
Description	A single grain of pollen. Each 'PollenGrain' is a subtype of 'Speck', an object typically smaller than 0.1mm in diameter, being one particle containing a male generative cell of a flowering plant, and possibly other cells as well. It fertilizes the female cells of a flowering plant to being the process of reproduction. CYC: The angiosperm male gametophyte. It is released by the anthers when mature, is transported to a stigma by wind, animal vectors or to the stigma of its own flower by gravity, where it may germinate, send a tube down through the female tissues and discharge sperm cells in the vicinity of the female gamete where fertilization may take place. The WordNet definition of 'pollen' is: (12) pollen - (the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant) In Cyc and SUMO, 'Pollen' this a mass of Pollen, but in COSMO we need to first define a single grain of Pollen, and the Cyc and SUMO 'Pollen' logical description (not the comments) fits the description. Cyc: A mass of pollen grains. SUMO: A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains male gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the same species.
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c ReproductiveBody^c Speck^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 0.1^c isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Pollen^c

Pollination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pollination`
Description	''Pollination'' is the Action in which a ''Pollinator'' transfers ''Pollen'' from one plant or plant part to the ovule of a female plant, causing the female plant to begin the process of producing fruit and/or seed. This is distinct from self-pollination. `CYC: This is the process in which pollen from flowering plants and trees is redistributed in such a way that reproduction is possible. This may be done intentionally by humans or unintentionally. It most notably occurs as a side-effect of the actions of insects, especially bees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollination' in WordNet: 1. pollination, pollenation - (transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant)`
Super-classes	FertilizingaFemaleOrganism^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value PlantOvary^c hadThingTransferred^op value Pollen^c isaSubEventOf^op value SexualReproductionEvent^c isPerformedBy^op value Pollinator^c

Pollinator^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pollinator

Description

A 'Pollinator'' is an ''Insect'' that can go from flower to flower and transmit pollen that fertilizes the flowers to produce fruit and seeds.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollinator' in WordNet:
          1. pollinator - (an insect that carries pollen from one flower to another)

Super-classes Insect^c

PollingMethod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PollingMethod`
Description	A 'PollingMethod' is a Procedure for conducting a Poll, which is often but not always an OpinionPoll. A Poll can be a set of questions about what the queried person does, not just what a Person believes.
Super-classes	Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value OpinionPoll^c

PollingResultType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PollingResultType`
Description	A 'PollingResultType' a type of attribute that measures the result of some poll or other measurement of the sentiment of a GroupOfPeople about some issue. The values are expressed as the percentage of the subject Group that answers in a specific way to a specific question. The values will therefore record the questions asked, the answer, and the fraction of the population giving that answer.
Super-classes	PopulationAttributeKind^c

Pollster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pollster`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollster' in WordNet: 1. pollster, poll taker, headcounter, canvasser - (someone who conducts surveys of public opinion; 'a pollster conducts public opinion polls'; 'a headcounter counts heads')`
Super-classes	Inquirer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value OpinionPoll^c

Pollutant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pollutant`
Description	A ''Pollutant' is any type of 'Waste'' (a Substance type) - solid or liquid or gas - that has been discarded into the environment (of some ''EarhSurfaceRegion'') where it is a ''Contaminant'' that causes deleterious effects on the Region where it is deposited. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollutant' in WordNet: 1. (1) pollutant - (waste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil)`
Super-classes	Waste^c Contaminant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Discarded^c

Polluted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polluted`
Description	''Polluted'' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'polluted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) contaminated, polluted - (rendered unwholesome by contaminants and pollution; 'had to boil the contaminated water'; 'polluted lakes and streams')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Smoggy^c

Polluter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polluter`
Description	A ''Polluter'' is a Person,GroupOfPeople, or Organization that performs a ''Polluting'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polluter' in WordNet: 1. polluter, defiler - (a person or organization that causes pollution of the environment)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Polluting^c

Polluting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polluting`
Description	This sense of ''Polluting'' is for adding contaminatng material to some ''EarthSurfaceRegion'', including Air, Land , and Water areas. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pollute' in Wordnet: 1. pollute, foul, contaminate - (make impure; 'The industrial wastes polluted the lake')`
Super-classes	Dirtying^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Pollutant^c hadAddedObject^op some (Pollutant^c or Contaminant^c or Adulterant^c or SubstanceType^c) hadObjectModified^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthSurfaceRegion^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Polluted^c causes^op value Pollution^c

Pollution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pollution`
Description	''AirPollution'' is an ''EnvironmentalDegradation'' of the local Environment that is unpleasant or harmful in some way, caused by the presence of pollutants. This is an Event that increases some level of pollutants in the Environment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollution' in WordNet: 1. (2) pollution - (undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities)`
Super-classes	EnvironmentalCondition^c ImmediateWeatherProcess^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Polluted^c isCausedBy^op value EnvironmentalPollution^c
Sub-classes	AirPollution^c

PoloBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoloBall`
Description	The ball used in a ''PoloGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polo ball' in WordNet: 1. polo ball - (wooden ball that is struck with mallets in playing polo)`
Super-classes	BaseballEquipment^c RigidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Ball^c SphericalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value PoloGame^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PoloGame^c

PoloGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoloGame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'polo' in WordNet: 2. polo - (a game similar to field hockey but played on horseback using long-handled mallets and a wooden ball)`
Super-classes	FieldGame^c BallGame^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value OutdoorLocation^c

Polonium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polonium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of polonium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polonium' in WordNet:
        1. (1) polonium, Po, atomic number 84 - 
           (a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth;
           occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth 
           with neutrons in a nuclear reactor)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Polyester^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polyester

Description

CYC: A collection of synthetic resins and fibers used in making clothes, ropes, and many other items.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polyester' in Wordnet:
          1. polyester -(any of numerous synthetic resins; they are light and strong and weather resistant)

Super-classes Ester^c
ArtificialSubstance^c
Plastic^c

Polyethylene^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polyethylene

Description

A specialization of #$Alkane. Polyethylene is an alkane with tens of thousands of carbon atoms. A solid compound that forms the basis of many familiar plastics.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polyethylene' in WordNet:
          1. (2) polyethylene, polythene - (a lightweight thermoplastic; 
            used especially in packaging and insulation)

Super-classes ArtificialSubstance^c
SolidSubstance^c
Alkane^c
Plastic^c
Ester^c

Polygon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polygon`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and thus a specialization of #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing. Each instance of #$Polygon is a closed two-dimensional planar object consisting of straight line segments (see #$LineSegment) joined end-to-end. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as a flat sheet of paper, as well as abstract polygons. Specializations of this collection include #$Triangle and #$Decagon. See also #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides. `SUMO: A ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure that is composed exclusively of straight lines, i.e. OneDimensionalFigures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polygon' in Wordnet: 1. polygon, polygonal shape - (a closed plane figure bounded by straight sides)`
Super-classes	ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure^c PlaneFigure-Geometrical^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Angular^c
Sub-classes	Decagon^c Octagon^c EquilateralPolygon^c Hexagon^c Heptagon^c Quadrilateral^c Triangle^c Pentagon^c EquiangularPolygon^c

Polyhedral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polyhedral`
Description	'Polyhedral' is the property of a three-dimensional object that has flat sides connecting at lines and points. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'polyhedral' in WordNet: 1. polyhedral - (of or relating to or resembling a polyhedron)`
Super-classes	Angular^c ThreeDimensional^c
Sub-classes	RectangularParallelepipedLike^c

Polyhedron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polyhedron`
Description	CYC: The collection of all three-dimensional objects all of whose surfaces (see the predicate #$objectSurfaces) are polygons (see #$Polygon). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polyhedron' in WordNet: 1. polyhedron - (a solid figure bounded by plane polygons or faces)`
Super-classes	ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Polyhedral^c
Sub-classes	Wedge^c Parallelepiped^c Pyramid^c Prism^c

Polymath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polymath`
Description	A ''Polymath''is a ''Savant'' knowledgeable at the''Scholar'' level about at least two and often more ''FieldOdStudy''s (''MultipleDisciplines'') and is a ''Savant'' in at least one field. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polymath' in WordNet: 1. polymath - (a person of great and varied learning)`
Super-classes	Savant^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value MultipleDisciplines^c

Polymer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polymer`
Description	A Polymer is a substance composed predominantly of large molecules that themselves contain many units of similar type linked together by chemical bonds. Plastics and biopolymers are the most important polymers. A Polymer may be Organic or Inorganic. `Each molecule has a ''Sequence'' of 'monomer units' which usually have some characteristics in common, and often are identical or small variants on some moleculular structure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polymer' in WordNet: 1. polymer - (a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers)`
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value ChemicalSequence^c
Sub-classes	Rubber^c Biopolymer^c Plastic^c MacroMolecularSubstance^c AcrylicResin^c ThermoplasticSubstance^c Silicone^c Polysaccharide^c HeteroPolymer^c

PolypeptideBonding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolypeptideBonding

Description

''PolypeptideBonding'' is a form of non-covalent ''ChemicalBonding'' that causes polypeptides (proteins) to form non-covalent bonds with other polypeptides or other molecules as one step in the process of executing an enzymatic reaction.

         Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'affinity' in WordNet:
            2. (1) affinity - ((immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody)

Super-classes AttractiveForce^c

Polysaccharide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Polysaccharide`
Description	A Carbohyhdrate having more than 5 linked monosaccharide rings in each molecule. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polysaccharide' in WordNet: 1. polysaccharide, polyose - (any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules)`
Super-classes	Polymer^c Carbohydrate^c
Sub-classes	Starch^c Chitin^c Glycogen^c Cellulose^c

PolytechnicSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PolytechnicSchool`
Description	.This is a school for student beyond high school (beyond grade 12 in the USA). It may be a college, university,or trade school. This is for any school of higher education that alls itself a 'polytechnic' (institute, school,whatever subsequent term). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polytechnic institute' in WordNet: 1. polytechnic institute, polytechnic, engineering school - (a technical school offering instruction in many industrial arts and applied sciences)`
Super-classes	School^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RenssalearPolytechnicInstitute

Pomegranate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pomegranate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pomegranate' in WordNet: 2. pomegranate - (large globular fruit having many seeds with juicy red pulp in a tough brownish-red rind)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value PomegranateTree^c

PomegranateTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PomegranateTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pomegranate tree' in WordNet: 1. pomegranate, pomegranate tree, Punica granatum - (shrub or small tree native to southwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit)`
Super-classes	FruitTree^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Corn^c

Poncho^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poncho`
Description	CYC: #$Poncho is a collection, instances of which typically are squares of heavy #$Cloth with a central opening for the head of the wearer. The edges drape over the arms and often to midthigh. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poncho' in WordNet: 1. (3) poncho - (a blanket-like cloak with a hole in the center for the head)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c EnvelopingCovering^c OutdoorClothing^c OuterGarment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sleeveless^c surrounds-3D^op value Torso^c

Pond^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pond`
Description	A small 'BodyOfFreshWater', less than 100 meters wide. 'Pond' is distinguished from 'Lake' by size, it is not a subclass,as in CYC or Wordnet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pond' in WordNet: 1. (26) pond, pool - (a small lake; 'the pond was too small for sailing')`
Super-classes	BodyOfFreshWater^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10000.0^c

Pong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pong

Description

British usage.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pong' in WordNet:
       1. niff, pong - (an unpleasant smell)

Super-classes Odor^c

Pons^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pons`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pons' in WordNet: 2. pons, pons Varolii - (a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain)`
Super-classes	BrainPart^c

Pony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pony`
Description	A breed of Horse that is small and gentle, often used as a riding horse that young children can manage. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'pony' in WordNet: 5. pony - (any of various breeds of small gentle horses usually less than five feet high at the shoulder)`
Super-classes	Horse^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gentle^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

PonyTail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PonyTail`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ponytail' in WordNet: 1. ponytail - (a hair style that draws the hair back so that it hangs down in back of the head like a pony's tail)`
Super-classes	HairDo^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value CuttingHair^c

Poodle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poodle

Description

CYC: A collection of small to medium-sized dogs. Poodles come in three different sizes: the toy poodle is less than ten inches tall (at the withers), the miniature poodle (also called the mini poodle) is between ten and fifteen inches, and the standard poodle is taller than fifteen inches.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poodle' in WordNet:
          1. poodle, poodle dog - (an intelligent dog 
            with a heavy curly solid-colored coat that is usually clipped; 
            an old breed sometimes trained as sporting dogs or as performing dogs)

Super-classes Dog^c

Pool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pool`
Description	The game of billiards, played on a Pool Table `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pool' and sense 1 of 'billiards' in WordNet: 9. pool, pocket billiards - (any of various games played on a pool table having 6 pockets) WN noun 'billiards': 1. billiards - (any of several games played on rectangular cloth-covered table (with cushioned edges) in which long tapering cue sticks are used to propel ivory (or composition) balls)`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value PoolGame^c

PoolGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoolGame`
Description	Various types,payed on a PoolTable..
Super-classes	BallGame^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value CueStick^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Pool^c usesInstrument^op value BilliardBall^c isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value PoolTable^c

PoolTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoolTable`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pool table' in WordNet: 1. pool table, billiard table, snooker table - (game equipment consisting of a heavy table on which pool is played)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c Table-Furniture^c SportsEquipment^c GameArtifact^c

PoolingResources^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoolingResources`
Description	COSMO note: this type is the one to use for the notion of some Group of people 'joining' together, in any manner, to accomplish a task of common interest. This may include only the polling of energy or the pooling of financial resources, or both. `NOTE that this is not a parent of 'JoiningAnOrganization' because there is not necessarily an Organization involved, and a pooling of resources does not necessarily require that one join an organized group, but this action does form a 'Group' of those that are participating in the 'PoolingResources' Action. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'pool' and sense 1 of 'join' in WordNet: 1. (4) pool - (combine into a common fund; 'We pooled resources') 2. pool - (join or form a pool of people)`
Super-classes	GroupTransferIn^c
Restrictions	produces^op some GroupOfPeople^c

Poor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poor`
Description	The attribute of a Person (group, organization) who is poor, i.e. whose material assets and income are inadequate to support a minimally comfortable life style. When applied to a group or country, it often indicates the average state of the individuals, and is not necessarily true of all members. IF it is intended that all members of a group are to be characterized as 'Poor' then the Group should have a restriction on the members to that effect. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'poor' in WordNet in WordNet: 2. (13) poor - (having little money or few possessions; 'deplored the gap between rich and poor countries'; 'the proverbial poor artist living in a garret')
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Impoverished^c

Poor-Performing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poor-Performing

Description

Less than average in Goodness, but a lower degree of Goodness than 'Execrable'; comparable to but slightly less bad than 'veryBad'. This is a rating for an agent's performance of some Action. For the adverb use ''Poorly''.

       For objects or situations that are 'unsatisfactory' in 
          quality or fail to meet expectations, use 'Unsatisfactory'.

       This is intended to represent, among other things, a performance
       rating that is in effect 'unstatisfactory',
       as in school grades.

        Corresponds to adjectiove sense 6 of 'poor' and part of
          adjective sense 1 of 'unsatisfactory' (relating to an agent's
          performance) in WordNet:
          6. poor - (unsatisfactory; 'a poor light for reading'; 
            'poor morale'; 'expectations were poor')
         WN adjective 'unsatisfactory':
           1. (6) unsatisfactory - (not giving satisfaction; 'shops should 
              take back unsatisfactory goods'; 'her performance proved 
              to be unsatisfactory'; 'life is becoming increasingly unsatifactory'; 
              'our discussion was very unsatisfactory')

Super-classes Bad^c

PoorPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoorPeople`
Description	''PoorPeople'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'', each of whom is ''Poor''. This is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that can have as few as one Person in it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poor people' in WordNet: 1. poor people, poor - (people without possessions or wealth (considered as a group); 'the urban poor need assistance')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value PoorPerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Poor^c

PoorPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoorPerson`
Description	A ''PoorPerson'' is a Person who has too little income to live in minimal comfort - one whose income is below the 'poverty line'.. This is a Role and is true only in some time period. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poor person' in Wordnet: 1. poor person, have-not - (a person with few or no possessions)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Poor^c performsAction^op value Poverty^c
Sub-classes	Pauper^c Derelict^c Drifter^c

Poorer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poorer`
Description	'Poorer' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some Person or GroupOfPeople a lower level of wealth than some other, or lower than the same Person at an earlier time.
Super-classes	ComparativeAttributeValue^c

Poorly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poorly

Description

''Poorly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the quality (in some sense) of the action in the Event is worse than is normal or expected for an Event of that type.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'poorly' in WordNet:
        1. (9) ill, badly, poorly - (('ill' is often used as a combining form) 
          in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well; 'he was ill prepared';
           'it ill befits a man to betray old friends'; 'the car runs badly'; 
           'he performed badly on the exam'; 'the team played poorly'; 'ill-fitting clothes';
           'an ill-conceived plan')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Pop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pop`
Description	a ''Pop'' is a single popping sound made by the event of ''Popping''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pop' in WordNet: 3. pop, popping - (a sharp explosive sound as from a gunshot or drawing a cork)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Popping^c
Sub-classes	Gunshot^c

PopMusic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopMusic

Description

''PopMusic'' is a type of ''PopularMusic'' that is popular mostly to teenagers and young adults.

            Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pop music' in WordNet:
              1. pop music, pop - (music of general appeal to teenagers; 
                a bland watered-down version of rock'n'roll with more rhythm 
                and harmony and an emphasis on romantic love)

Super-classes RockMusic^c

Popcorn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Popcorn`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'popcorn' in Wordnet: 2. popcorn - (small kernels of corn exploded by heat)`
Super-classes	Corn^c DessertSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Granular^c
Sub-classes	Cracker-Jacks^c

Pope^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pope

Description

A ''Pope'' is a Priest with the highest rank in the Catholic Church. There is (in theory) only one''Pope'' at a time (there have been pretenders). In modern timee he resides in Rome where he is also head of the Vatican state.

       CYC:  The collection of all #$Popes; each is the
        spiritual and temporal head of the #$RomanCatholicChurch and
        of the #$HolySee, political ruler of the #$VaticanCity,
        bishop [#$Bishop-Clerical] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all
        christian Princes, and vice-regent of #$JesusChrist on
        earth.  Each #$Pope, in modern times, is elected by the
        College of Cardinals in the #$SistineChapel, and rules until
        death.  (There are other popes, such as the #$CopticPopes,
        that are not included in this collection.)  Certain
        historical popes are now held to have been antipopes.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pope' in WordNet:
         1. (6) pope, Catholic Pope, Roman Catholic Pope,
            pontiff, Holy Father, Vicar of Christ, 
            Bishop of Rome - (the head of the Roman Catholic Church)

Super-classes Bishop-Clerical^c
Leader^c

Poplar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poplar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'poplar' in WordNet: 2. poplar, poplar tree - (any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins)`
Super-classes	FloweringTree^c Tree^c

Popping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Popping`
Description	Each 'Popping' is an Event in which a ''Pop'' sound is emitted by some object. This usually occurs only once and is quick, usually loud, and often startling when unexpected. This includes as subtype the firng of a firearm, producing a ''Gunshot''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'pop' in WordNet: 3. (1) pop - (make a sharp explosive noise; "The cork of the champagne bottle popped")`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Pop^c
Sub-classes	ShootingaFirearm^c

PoppyPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoppyPlant

Description

       RHW: 1. any plant of the genus Papaver, having showy, usually red flowers.
           Cf. poppy family.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poppy' in WordNet:
          1. (2) poppy - (annual or biennial or perennial herbs having showy flowers)

Super-classes FloweringPlant^c

Popsicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Popsicle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'popsicle' in WordNet: 1. ice lolly, lolly, lollipop, popsicle - (ice cream or water ice on a small wooden stick; 'in England a popsicle is called an ice lolly')`
Super-classes	FrozenDessertObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value LollipopStick^c consistsOfSubstance^op value FrozenDessertFood^c

Popular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Popular`
Description	Being 'Popular' (among some GroupOfPeople) is having a higher percentage of favorable opinions than unfavorable opinions, ignoring those who have no opinion; this is a broadly applicable attribute of people, objects, and Actions, as well as ideas. This AttributeValue is usually assigned by commentators on the basis of informal observation of comments; a more objective measure of popularity can be made by polling, giving an 'OpinionPollResult' that contains some 'PopularityRating'. This sense of 'popular' also includes the notions of objects of commerce such as toys being 'popular' if they sell well, or vacation spots being 'popular' if many people travel there. It is not clear what objective criterion can be applied to include all those senses of 'popular', but for a first effort, the notion of having favorable opinion ratings will be the criterion adopted. For the commercial or travel senses, the GroupOfPeople whose opinions determine popularity will be those who have bought or intend to buy similar items (i.e. of similar functionality) or who have traveled or intend to travel to similar vacation spots, and the preferences among those groups will be the opinions of relevance in determinining whether something is or is not 'popular'. IF other objective measures are proposed for the commercial or travel senses, they can be represented as subtypes of this sense. As applied to people, being 'popular' means to have a favorable 'PopularityRating',even if the means of polling is quite informal. Linguistically, for a Person to be 'Popular' is to have 'Popularity'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'popular' in WordNet: 1. (15) popular - (regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public; 'a popular tourist attraction'; 'a popular girl'; 'cabbage patch dolls are no longer popular')`
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Trendy^c Best-selling^c

Popular-ByThePeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Popular-ByThePeople`
Description	''Popular-ByThePeople'' is the sense oy 'popular' intended in phrases such as 'popular government' (of the people,b the people, forthepeople) and 'popular vote'. Pertaining to the citizenry as a whole. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'popular' in Wordnet: 2. (9) popular - (carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large; 'the popular vote'; 'popular representation'; 'institutions of popular government')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Grassroots^c

PopularMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopularMusic`
Description	A type of ''Music'' that has wide appeal at least temporarily and is distinct from Classical Music in being rarely performed by an orchestra, rather is often performed by individuals with a guitar. This is the actual music, not an abstract genre. `Cynical intellectual: 'the best thing about a popular song is that it isn't popular long' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'popular music' in WordNet: 1. (2) popular music, popular music genre - (any genre of music having wide appeal (but usually only for a short time))`
Super-classes	Music^c
Sub-classes	DiscoMusic^c DanceMusic^c JazzMusic^c FolkMusic^c ElectronicMusic^c RockMusic^c RapMusic^c

PopularName^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopularName

Description

A ''PopularName'' is an Alias for some entity that is usually used to refer to that entity by one of its distinctive characters - for example, the ''PopularName' of the US state of ''Oregon'' is 'The Beaver State' whereas Ohio is 'The Buckeye State'. All states have some ''PopularName''. Some ities als have popular names, though they tend to be less formal (not approved by some authority). Chicagos is ''The Windy city' or 'The city of big shoulders'.

       This includes stage names and other names assumed for public figures.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alias' in WordNet:
        1. alias, assumed name, false name - (a name that has been assumed temporarily)

Super-classes Alias^c

Popularity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Popularity`
Description	'Popularity' is a subtype of 'SocialState' and ''Quality'' which is the ''PersistentState'' of something that is 'Popular', i.e. has more favorable opinions than unfavorable. To have 'Popularity' is to be 'Popular'. `Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'popularity' in WordNet; the WordNet gloss indicates that this term is used mostly for highly favorable PropularityRatings, but this COSMO type is for any positive favorable rating. in WordNet: 1. (6) popularity - (the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after; 'his charm soon won him affection and popularity'; 'the universal popularity of American movies')`
Super-classes	SocialState^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Popular^c

PopularityRating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopularityRating

Description

'PopularityRating' is an 'OpinionDistribution' in which the question asked inquires about the opinion of some GroupOfPeople toward some thing, often a Person. This is an AttributeValue of the GroupOfPeople polled, but it also is an objective measure of the Popularity of that thing or Person, A person or thing can be 'Popular' without having a poll taken, but in such cases the attribution of 'Popular' will be based on very informal polling of individuals, or on evidence in communications among people.

      A similar concept is labeled 'PopularityLevel' in Cyc.

      Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'popularity' in WordNet,
      but is broader; the WordNet gloss indicates that the term 'popularity' is used mostly for 
      highly favorable PropularityRatings. In COSMO favorable ratings are
      represented as 'Popularity' and the attribute 'Popular'; but this COSMO type is
      for any popularity rating, whether favorable or unfavorable.(as in 'low popularity')
        in WordNet:
          1. (6) popularity -
            (the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after;
            'his charm soon won him affection and popularity';
            'the universal popularity of American movies')

Super-classes OpinionDistribution^c

Popularized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Popularized

Description

''Popularized'' is the attribute of any form of information, (including styles and Actions) that has been made more interesting or acceptable or ''Popular'' to a larger number of people than that among which it was initially ''Popular''. This also includes the result of ''PopularizingaTopic'' where''Arcane'' ''SpecializedInformation'' is made ''Clear''and ''Understandable''.

       No WN adj sense of 'popularized'.

Super-classes Communicated^c

PopularizingaTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopularizingaTopic`
Description	''PopularizingaTopic'' is an ''AdaptingInformationToAnAudience'' in which the ''Audience'' is the general public (''ThePublic''). `The intention is to make the topic ''Clear'' and ''Understandable'', though these results may not be achieved with every reader. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'popularize' in Wordnet: 2. popularize, popularise - (make understandable to the general public; 'Carl Sagan popularized cosmology in his books')`
Super-classes	AdaptingInformationToAnAudience^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SpecializedKnowledge^c objectHasAttributeBefore^op value DifficultToUnderstand^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Understandable^c hadBeneficiary^op value ThePublic^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Clear^c objectHasAttributeBefore^op value Arcane^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Popularized^c

Populated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Populated`
Description	An attribute of Places or Objects that have some living people inside, with some local or regional connections or relations. `Includes but is broader (not just 'inabitants' and no 'animals' other that people) than adjective sense 1 of 'populated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) populated - (furnished with inhabitants; 'the area is well populated'; 'forests populated with all kinds of wild life')`
Super-classes	Inhabited^c
Sub-classes	Settled^c Crowded^c

PopulatedCommunity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopulatedCommunity`
Description	This ''Community'' is the union of ''PopulatedPlace'' and ''Municipality'',(an ''Organization'') to provide a single type that can refer to places where people live in oommunities, whether physical 'areas' (PhysicalObjects) or agentive ''GeopoliticalEntity''s)
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Populated^c
Sub-classes	Municipality^c MultiEthnicCommunity^c PopulatedPlace^c

PopulatedPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopulatedPlace`
Description	A #$Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population, including cities, settlements, towns, and villages. It does not include #$Locales. NOTE that this is a subtype of PhysicalSpaceRegion and is disjoint with Agent. This is a synonym for 'Settlement': 'Settlement' is a very general concept of some area that has people residing in it, the people in it recognizing the area as having an identity distinct from that of other areas. It can be very small or very large. This is similar to the notion of "Populated Place" used in geographical Databases. OCM thesaurus: the topic of 'Settlements' is described: General statements covering several specific aspects of the physical configuration and material facilities of settlements ranging in size and complexity from a temporary camp to a great metropolis. To distinguish early-stage settlements from more established ones, the term 'Settlement' is reserved for this general concept, and 'EarlySettlement' for an early-stage settlement. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'settlement' and part of sense 1 of 'populated area' in Wordnet (a 'settlement' is not necessarily urban, it can be a small town: in WordNet: 3. (2) settlement - (a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it)
Super-classes	Place^c PopulatedCommunity^c
Sub-classes	HumanResidenceRegion^c EarlySettlement^c UrbanArea^c

PopulatingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopulatingaPlace`
Description	''PopulatingaPlace'' is An Event in which some ''Authority'' takes some action to cause people to move to a location, to increase its population. `This Action increases the population density of the new place of residence. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'populate' in WordNet: 2. people, populate - (fill with people or supply with inhabitants; 'people a room'; 'The government wanted to populate the remote area of the country')`
Super-classes	CausingChange^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value MovingToaPlace^c isPerformedBy^op value Authority^c hadThingAffected^op value Residence^c causes^op value ChangeOfResidence^c

Population^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Population`
Description	CYC: The collection of all groups of animals (less frequently. plants) of the same type living in the same location. For people, use the subtype 'HumanPopulation'. For any instance of this Type, it is possible to specify the location and the type of animal to satisfy the restriction. NOTE that a population is only those animals (or people) located in a particular location at a particular time. it is therefore time-sensitive. The location is generic; therfore, one can use this to describe the people who are on the liner Queen Mary, wherever it happens to be at that time. The time of the populatin count may but does not have to be specified. For human populations see ''ResidentsAtTime''. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'population' in WordNet: 1. (27) population - (the people who inhabit a territory or state; 'the population seemed to be well fed and clothed') 2. (4) population - (a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area; 'they hired hunters to keep down the deer population')
Super-classes	LocalGroup^c
Restrictions	atTime^op only (OrganismType^c or Organism^c or DateTimeExtendedGroup^c or TimeInterval^c) hasComponentElement^op some (OrganismType^c or Organism^c or DateTimeExtendedGroup^c or TimeInterval^c) isLocatedAt^op some GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	HumanPopulation^c

PopulationAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopulationAttribute`
Description	A PopulationAttribute is a quantitative measure describing some characteristic of some population, which is a type of attribute that can be asserted about a group of people. `Examples of PopulationAttributes are: infant mortality rate, AverageIncome, UnemploymentRate, high school graduation rate, etc..`
Super-classes	Attribute^c PopulationCharacteristic^c
Sub-classes	EconomicAttribute^c

PopulationAttributeKind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopulationAttributeKind`
Description	A PopulationAttribute is any type of attribute that can be asserted about a group of people. It also is used to characterize geographical regions, in which case it in fact characterizes the group of people who live in that region. It will be time-sensitive, potentially varying rapidly. `NOTE that this is a subclass of AttributeType, which categorizes general types of population attributes, and each PopulationAttribute The values for each PopulationAttribute will be a subtype of PopulationCharacteristic. This AttributeType is mostly of interest for aggregate characteristics, such as 'RacialComposition'. The individual elements making up that composition would be instances of 'PopulationCharacteristic' such as 'PercentageAsianAncestry'.`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	PollingResultType^c

PopulationCharacteristic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopulationCharacteristic`
Description	An attribute of a 'Population' that is of interest to some group for some purpose. Examples are: unemployment rate, distribution of religious affiliations, racial distribution. The Population is usually human, but may be animal. Plant groups are not included. It may be quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative characteristics will be instances of subtypes of 'PopulationAttributeValue'. A PopulationCharacteristic may also be used to characterize geographical regions, in which case it is interpreted as characterizing the group of people who live in that region. It will be time-sensitive, potentially varying rapidly. The characteristic is often some percentage of the given population having a particular attribute, or some distribution of attribute values for one type of attribute. Thus an unemployment rate is a simple percentage under 100; a racial distribution is a group of fractions that add up to no more than 100% (if incomplete, it may add up to less than 100%). For qualitative attributes, one might characterize a population without reference to the fractions that actually have that attribute, for example 'an Asian group'.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ActivityCharacteristic^c PopulationCharacteristicDistribution^c PopulationAttribute^c

PopulationCharacteristicDistribution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PopulationCharacteristicDistribution`
Description	A group of numbers expressing the fraction of some population that has a particular value for some category of population attribute. This is not a simple number, but a group of numbers.
Super-classes	PopulationCharacteristic^c Distribution^c
Sub-classes	MaleDominated^c OpinionPollResult^c OpinionDistribution^c

Populist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Populist

Description

A ''Populist'' is a ''Proponent'' of public (governmental) policies that emphasize the needs of the common people, as contrasted with advocates of the elites or of business. A proponent of 'populism'.

   RHW 'populism':
     4. (l.c.) representation or extolling of the common person, the working class,
         the underdog, etc.: populism in the arts.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'populist' in WordNet:
       1. democrat, populist - (an advocate of democratic principles)

Super-classes Proponent^c

Populous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Populous

Description

''Settled'' is an attribute of geographical areas that have a significantly higher-than-average polulation density.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'populous' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) populous, thickly settled - (densely populated)

Super-classes Settled^c

Porcelain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Porcelain

Description

Porcelain is a (at least somewhat) translucent subtype of Ceramic.

      This corresponds to sense 1 of 'porcelain' in RHW:
      1.  a strong, vitreous, translucent ceramic material, biscuit-fired
         at a low temperature, the glaze then fired at a very high temperature.

      Cyc: The ceramic material of which tiles and some other
        things are made of.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porcelain' in WordNet:
          1. porcelain - (ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic)

Super-classes Ceramic^c

Porch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Porch`
Description	A ''Porch'' has no walls other than the exterior walls of a structure (usually a residence), facing toward the inside of the structure. It occupies only one storey, though it may have a enclosed room of a house above it. It may or may not be covered, though it usually is if it is not an instance of the subtype ''Stoop'. `RHW: 1. an exterior appendage to a building, forming a covered approach or vestibule to a doorway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porch' in WordNet: 1. (21) porch - (a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance)`
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c SpaceInAFixedHOC^c Platform^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Exterior^c
Sub-classes	DeckOfaBuilding^c Veranda^c Stoop^c

Porcupine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Porcupine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porcupine' in WordNet: 1. (1) porcupine, hedgehog - (relatively large rodents with sharp erectile bristles mingled with the fur)`
Super-classes	Rodent^c
Restrictions	hasSurfacePart^op value PorcupineQuill^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prickly^c

PorcupineQuill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PorcupineQuill`
Description	A ''PorcupineQuill'' is a stiff sharp-ended ''ExternalSpine'' on `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quill' in WordNet: 2. (1) quill - (a stiff hollow protective spine on a porcupine or hedgehog)`
Super-classes	ExternalSpine^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Porcupine^c isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Porcupine^c

Pork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pork`
Description	CYC: The collection of all pig meat. This collection includes raw meat as well as cooked, smoked, and/or salted meat. Raw pork is not ready to be eaten. `SUMO: Meat that was originally part of a Pig. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pork' in Wordnet: 1. (4) pork, porc - (meat from a domestic hog or pig)`
Super-classes	Food^c Meat^c
Restrictions	isTheMeatOf^op value Pig^c
Sub-classes	Bacon^c Ham^c

Pornographic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pornographic`
Description	''Pornographic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that characterizes and pertains to ''Erotica'', publications or Movies that explicitly and prominently display human genitals or women's breasts in a manner intended to arouse sexual passion in observers. `Courts have found it hard to clearly distinguish ''Erotica'' (porn) from other forms of writing or photographs or movies. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pornographic' in Wordnet: 1. pornographic - (designed to arouse lust; 'pornographic films and magazines')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Hardcore^c

Porosity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Porosity`
Description	The Quality of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that is ''Porous''. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Porosity is a specific porosity of some physical object. Different porosities may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Porosities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$porosityOfObject (q.v.). ''Porosity'' is the nominalized form of ''Porous'' - things that are ''Porous'' have ''Porosity''. contrastsWith rdf:resource="#Impermeability"/ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porosity' in WordNet: 1. (1) porosity, porousness - (the property of being porous; being able to absorb fluids)
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Porous^c
Sub-classes	Permeability^c

Porous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Porous`
Description	The property of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that may be flat or three-dimensional, but in either case has gaps between parts that appear (in flat objects) as holes through the SolidObject, or in more three-dimensional objects (such as sponges), form holes into which gas or liquid may permeate. `This is characteristic of net-like objects like screens or Lace fabrics (see subtype ''Weblike'') or of sponges, or of porous things generally including geological formations. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'porous' in Wordnet: 1. (14) porous - (able to absorb fluids; 'the partly porous walls of our digestive system'; "compacting the soil to make it less porous") 2. porous, poriferous - (full of pores or vessels or holes)`
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Permeable^c WebLike^c

PorousObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PorousObject`
Description	A SolidObject that has multiple holes into whichgas or liquid may permeate.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Porous^c

PorousSheetType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PorousSheetType`
Description	''PorousSheetType'' is a metatype which is a subclass of ''SubstanceType'' that can serve as type for various forms porous sheet-like . substances such as ''Paper'' and ''Cloth''.
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Members	Paper Cloth Velvet Caning Screening Felt Velveteen Fabric Tweed FlockedFabric Netting Rayon StrawFabric

Porridge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Porridge`
Description	RHW: a food made of oatmeal, or some other meal or cereal, boiled to a thick consistency in water or milk. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porridge' in WordNet: 1. porridge - (soft food made by boiling oatmeal or other meal or legumes in water or milk until thick)`
Super-classes	CerealFood^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c

PortCity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortCity

Description

A PortCity is a City that has a PortFacility for vessels that carry cargo, to load and unload. Any City that is a registered home port for a Vessel should be a PortCity. The facility called a 'port' is represented in COSMO as 'PortFacility'. A city with only a yacht harbor or small-boat marina is not a PortCity, as those are not primarily for cargo handling. The meaning of 'port of entry' is not restricted to the United Staets, as suggested by the WordNetg gloss.

     Cyc: A specialization of #$City.  Each instance of
        #$PortCity is a city that borders on some instance of
        #$Harbor (q.v.).  Each instance of #$PortCity will contain
        at least one instance of #$Seaport (q.v.).

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'port' in WordNet;
        however, this is both broader than WordNet's sense in being
        the City where a PortFacility is located, and narrower than
        WordNet in including only sea ports, not air ports.  For the 
        port facility itself, use 'PortFacility'.  Airports are represented
        as 'Airport'.:    in WordNet:
           1. (5) port - (a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise
              can enter or leave a country)

         WN 'port of entry':
           1. port of entry, point of entry - (a port in the United States where 
              customs officials are stationed to oversee the entry and exit
              of people and merchandise)

Super-classes City^c

PortFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortFacility`
Description	COSMO note: this is the broadest sense of 'port' sea docking facilities, large or small - 'any port in a storm'. This is not necessarily located in a 'PortCity', which is for national ports of entry. COSMO has no entry for all cities that have some port. This includes small ports such as ''Marina''s that are not in traditional ''PortCity''s. This can be on a river, miles from the ocean. For 'marina' probably need a 'DockingFacility' type. CYC: The collection of working port facilities that are owned and/or managed by a single organization (private or public). Each element of #$PortFacility is in the working port part of some element of #$PortCity. (See #$Seaport.) Instances of #$PortFacility have both tangible and intangible aspects. For a City that is called a Port (e.g. home port, port of entry, 'port of call') use 'PortCity'. A PortFacilty is usually located in a PortCity, but that is not an essential property. A yacht harbor or small-boat marina is not a PortFacility, as they are not primarily for cargo handling. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'port' in WordNet; (see ''seaport'' to include the water part) however, this is narrower than WordNet in including only sea ports, not air ports.: in WordNet: 1. (5) port - (a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country)
Super-classes	TransportFacility^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some BodyOfWater^c isUsedInAction^op value ShippingByWater^c isNormallyLocatedAt^op some PortCity^c hasPhysicalPart^op value DockingFacility^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Dock^c

Portable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Portable

Description

'Portable' is an attribute of PhysicalObjects that can typically be carried by one person, or at most two people using their own muscle power. Some 'HumanScaleObject's will not be Portable, but all SmallObjects should be, and many of the smaller ''HumanSizedObject''s will qualify.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'portable' in WordNet:
          1. (3) portable - (easily or conveniently transported; 
              'a portable television set')

Super-classes Movable^c

PortableCarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortableCarrier`
Description	A ''PortableCarrier'' is a ''TransportationContainerProduct'' small enough for a Person to carry, i.e. it is a ''SmallObject''. Something as large as a piece of luggage qualifies, if it can be lifted with one hand. Should be no more than 100 poounds. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bag' in WordNet: 1. (8) bag - (a flexible container with a single opening; 'he stuffed his laundry into a large bag')`
Super-classes	FlexibleObject^c TransportationContainerProduct^c FoldableObject^c Case-Container^c SolidObject^c SmallObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	Wallet^c Holster^c Backpack^c PieceOfLuggage^c Bag^c WomensBag^c

PortableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortableObject`
Description	COSMO note: being able to 'move' an object means either being able to lift it (maximum 200 pounds) or at least push or pull it fairly easily. If it has no wheels or hinges, and is over 200 pounds, it is not portable even if it can be moved by pushing. Something small enough to lift with one hand is a ''SmallObject'', and smaller ''HumanSizedObject''s may qualify. Among the ''PortableObject''s would be a ''Backpack'' would be included, assuming that it would not exceed two hundred pounds. CYC A specialization of #$HumanScaleObject. Each instance of #$PortableObject is a tangible object that is not fastened down and is light enough for an average human (or, more to the point, for its average intended user) to move easily. For many instances of #$PortableObject, portability is important for the fulfillment of their primary functions; for example, an article of clothing (an instance of #$SomethingToWear), a hand-guided tool (an instance of #$HandTool), a coin or dollar bill (an instance of #$Currency), or a flashlight (an instance of #$Flashlight) would be pretty useless if they weren't portable. In other cases, making a device portable, or making a portable version of a device, simply provides a convenience, as with the subcollections #$PortableTelevision and #$PortableStereoSystem. Note that #$Tool is not a subcollection of #$PortableObject, since many tools are heavy and/or stationary. A borderline example of a #$PortableObject would be a heart/lung machine; although the beneficiary of its primary function is in no position to move it around, the physicians and nurses who also are using it can and do exactly that. The same goes for a playpen; the kids in it had better _not_ be able to move it around, but the adults who set it up and put them there can and do move it. A borderline non-example would be a car; even though its user can make it move around, that is more a controlling action than a transporting action - i.e., the car is doing the transporting in that case, not the driver. A borderline example is a cat; even though it moves under its own power, it is light enough for its owner to pick it up and move it around. A borderline example is a bed or a dresser; though too heavy to lift, its owners can generally move it around (by sliding, disassembling and reassembling, and so on). COSMO note: this includes objects that can be transported on a dolly by one person, such as a typical kitchen 'Refrigerator'. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Portable^c
Sub-classes	Tent^c Case-Container^c Basket^c Bazooka^c FoldingUmbrella^c OfficialDocument^c Crutch^c KitAndContents^c HeavyObject^c Valuable-PersonalPossession^c WearableItem^c Paper-IBO^c Memento^c Lantern^c Cot^c Microphone^c ReferenceStandard^c Spotlight^c WashBoard^c Chair^c SmallObject^c MortarGun^c PhysicalLabel^c Discard^c Spyglass^c CamCorder^c Stool^c Toy^c Fomite^c Kit-Container^c Hurdle^c BabyCarriage^c Club^c TrashBag^c Palette^c Firearm^c SmallSupportingStand^c Burden^c Ingot^c Curio^c FloorBoard^c Hammock^c Padlock^c Bouquet^c Hassock^c SomethingToWearPart^c Icebox^c Walker^c DomesticPet^c ElectricLamp^c WateringCan^c DisposableProduct^c Headlight^c DomesticAquarium^c StageProp^c Box^c

Portal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Portal`
Description	A specialization of both #$Path-Spatial and #$Cavity. Each instance of #$Portal is an opening - in a surface, through a tube, or whatever - with or without a covering (although any covering is not itself typically part of the portal). Specializations include #$Doorway, #$Valve, and #$BodilyOrifice. COSMO NOTE: a ''Portal'' in COSMO is an opening into or out of some 'closed' space; this includes portals that serve as both ''Entrance'' and ''Exit''. If something serves (e.g. by regulation or fiat) as only one of these (exiting or entering), use the subtype ''Entrance'' or ''Exit''. This is for normal 'portals', expecially into and out of ArtifactObjects such as Rooms or Buildings, but includes designated paths into and/or out of open-air spaces such as Parks or ''ParkingLot''s.. NOTE: The subtypes of this type tend to be PhysicalObjects - but a ''Hole'' is a Region, so making this a subtype of ''Hole'' causes inconsistencies. There is no WN sense that correlates exactly with this. Noun sense 1 in WOrdNet would be a subtype. Includes noun sense 1 of 'portal' and also in WordNet: 1. (5) portal - (a grand and imposing entrance (often extended metaphorically); 'the portals of the cathedral'; 'the portals of heaven'; 'the portals of success') WN noun 'entrance': 1. (10) entrance, entranceway, entryway, entry, entree - (something that provides access (to get in or get out); 'they waited at the entrance to the garden'; 'beggars waited just outside the entryway to the cathedral") WN noun 'exit': 1. (1) exit, issue, outlet, way out - (an opening that permits escape or release; 'he blocked the way out'; 'the canyon had only one issue') outside the entryway to the cathedral')
Super-classes	PhysicalFeature^c Opening^c Path-Spatial^c Cavity^c Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	isaFeatureOf^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	WindowPortal^c BottleOrJarPortal^c Doorway^c Gateway^c Exit^c Pupil-EyePart^c Glottis^c Crack^c Cervix^c BodilyOrifice^c Entrance^c Valve^c

PortalCatch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortalCatch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'catch' in WordNet: 7. catch - (a fastener that fastens or locks a door or window)`
Super-classes	Fastener^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op value DoorOrWindow^c
Sub-classes	Hasp^c

PortalCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortalCovering`
Description	A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$PortalCovering is a solid tangible object that covers a portal. Instances of #$PortalCovering may be either flexible or rigid, and they may be either fixed in place or removable. Examples include windows (in buildings or automobiles), doors, shutters, screens, draperies, window blinds, convertible tops, lids, and corks. `NOTE: in Cyc this is not an Artifact, possibly to permit reference to some natural things which are PortalCoverings?? Is a mouth a PortalCovering? It isn't specified as such in Cyc.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Covering-Object^c PartOfanArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Portal^c
Sub-classes	WindowScreen^c Hatch^c ContainerLid^c Eyelid^c CarHood^c Epiglottis^c WindowCurtain^c DoorOrWindow^c Door^c ContainerStopper^c Gate^c ShowerCurtain^c WindowShutter^c Window^c

Porter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Porter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porter' in WordNet: 1. (1) porter - (a person employed to carry luggage and supplies)`
Super-classes	ManualLaborer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CarryingLuggage^c

Portfolio^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Portfolio

Description

A flat ''Case-Container'', commonly of a size convenient for carrying sheets of paper. Portfolios large enough to hold artists' works are included.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'portfolio' in WordNet:
          1. (2) portfolio - (a large, flat, thin case for carrying loose 
            papers or drawings or maps; usually leather; 
            'he remembered her because she was carrying a large portfolio')

Super-classes Case-Container^c

Portrait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Portrait`
Description	This is a PhysicalObject, not an abstract image. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'portrait' in WordNet: 1. (4) portrait - (a painting of a person's face)`
Super-classes	Painting^c
Restrictions	depictsObject^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	SelfPortrait^c

Portrayal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Portrayal`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'portrayal' in WordNet: 1. (1) portrayal, portraiture, portrait - (a word picture of a person's appearance and character)`
Super-classes	WordPicture^c
Restrictions	describes^op value Person^c

Portuguese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Portuguese`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Portuguese' in Wordnet: 1. Portuguese, Lusitanian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Portugal or the people of Portugal; "Portuguese wines")`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

PortugueseManOfWar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortugueseManOfWar

Description

Large venomous jellyfish, nasty sting.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Portuguese man-of-war' in WordNet:
        1. Portuguese man-of-war, man-of-war, jellyfish - (large siphonophore 
           having a bladderlike float and stinging tentacles)

Super-classes Jellyfish^c

PortuguesePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PortuguesePerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Portuguese' in WordNet: 2. Portuguese - (a native or inhabitant of Portugal)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Portugal^c

Posing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Posing`
Description	''Posing'' is a ''BodyPositionEvent'' (a static situation) in which a Person maintains a certain body position for some interval of time, so that they can be photographed or sketched or painted or otherwise represented in some visible medium. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'pose' in WordNet: 2. (4) model, pose, sit, posture - (assume a posture as for artistic purposes; 'We don't know the woman who posed for Leonardo so often')`
Super-classes	BodyPositionEvent^c PerceivableHumanAction^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op value VisualArtActivity^c

Position^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Position`
Description	A 'Position' is a Role that a person plays with respect some Structured ''GroupOfRoles''. This differs from the subtype ''EmploymentPosition'' in that it is not necessary the Role of an 'Employee'' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'slot' and part noun sense 6 of 'position' (a synset also used for ''EmploymentPosition'' in a narrower sense) in WordNet: 4. slot - (a position in a hierarchy or organization; 'Bob Dylan occupied the top slot for several weeks'; 'she beat some tough competition for the number one slot') WN noun 'position' (this is a more general sense): 6. (12) position, post, berth, office, spot, billet, place, situation - (a job in an organization; 'he occupied a post in the treasury')
Super-classes	SocialNiche^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value GroupOfRoles^c
Sub-classes	Apprenticeship^c EmploymentPosition^c

PositionTitle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositionTitle

Description

The Name of some position, rank, office, or other honorary description attached to the name of a Person as a courtesy or as a matter of right, such as 'Doctor', 'Lord', 'Mister', 'President', 'Mayor', 'Professor' etc.

      Corresponds to sense 4 of 'title' in RHW  4. a descriptive or distinctive appellation,
       esp. one belonging to a person by right of rank, office, attainment, etc.: 
      the title of Lord Mayor.

      Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'title' in WordNet:
      6. (1) title, title of respect, form of address - (an identifying appellation 
         signifying status or function: e.g. 'Mr.' or 'General'; 
         'the professor didn't like his friends to use his formal title')

Super-classes Name^c

PositionalAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositionalAttribute`
Description	Any attribute of location, directional orientation, or other attributes related to position.
Super-classes	LocationOrOrientationAttribute^c
Sub-classes	OrientationMeasure^c DirectionMeasure^c

PositionalUncertainty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositionalUncertainty`
Description	PositionalUncertainty is an uncertainty in the location of an object, expressed as a LengthMeasure.
Super-classes	LengthMeasure^c ConfidenceInterval^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

Positive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Positive`
Description	''Positive'' is an attribute in contrast to ''negative'', regarding a ''Answer'' or reply. `Includes adj sense 1 of 'affirmative' and part of adj sense 1 of 'positive' in Wordnet: 1. affirmative, affirmatory - (affirming or giving assent; 'an affirmative decision'; 'affirmative votes"; "an affirmative nod"; "an affirmatory gesture") WN adj 'positive': 1. (20) positive - (characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.; 'a positive attitude'; 'the reviews were all positive'; 'a positive benefit'; 'a positive demand')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Neutral^c Good^c Able^c

PositiveAdjective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositiveAdjective`
Description	The positive (base) form of an Adjective.
Super-classes	Adjective^c
In range of	hasPositiveForm^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_smooth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_good

PositiveIdentification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositiveIdentification`
Description	"IDdocum Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'positive identification' in WordNet: 1. positive identification - (evidence proving that you are who you say you are; evidence establishing that you are among the group of people already known to the system; recognition by the system leads to acceptance; 'a system for positive identification can prevent the use of a single identity by several people')
Super-classes	Identification^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value IdentifyingaPerson^c
Sub-classes	IDDocument^c Password^c

PositiveInteger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositiveInteger`
Super-classes	NonnegativeInt^c PositiveRealNumber^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_13 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_18 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_15 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_21 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_50 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_25 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_8 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_20 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_250 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_12 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_16 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_40 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_9 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_19 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_17 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_30 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_11 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_14 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_10 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_7

PositiveRealNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositiveRealNumber`
Description	A RealNumber that is greater than zero.
Super-classes	NonnegativeRealNumber^c
Sub-classes	FractionFrom0to1^c PositiveInteger^c
In domain of	SecondFn^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_90 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_23 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_299792458 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pi http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SQRT2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_65 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GT_50 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_61p15 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NumberE

Positively^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Positively

Description

''Positively'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies various types of things that could be characterized as 'positive', including responses, assertions, electrically charged objects.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'positively' in Wordnet:
         2. positively - (so as to be positive; in a positive manner;
           'she intended her remarks to be interpreted positively')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

PositivelyCharged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PositivelyCharged

Description

''PositivelyCharged'' is an attribute that specifies that some Object has an ''ElectricalCharge'' that is 'positive', i.e. the same value as that of a Proton, conrasting with 'negative' or 'neutral'..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'positive' in WordNet:
         2. (8) positive, electropositive - (having a positive electric charge;
            'protons are positive')
       WN adj 'positively charged':
           1. positively charged - (having a positive charge)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Possession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Possession`
Description	Each 'Possession' is a PersistentState in which a 'IntentionalAgent' has control of something - an Object or something intangible that is valuable. The 'control' may be physical, as having the thing on the person or in some safe location acessible to the agent, or may be the more abstract persistent state represented by the subtype ''Ownership''. This is not necessarily being the Owner of the thing possessed. In each Possession there will be an agent that does the possessing, and a thing possessed. The thing possessed will be related to the possessor by the relation 'possesses'. For the 'right' of ownership, use ''PropertyRight''. This differs from the parent ''HavingSomething'' in that the thing 'possessed' need to be something having some value, not an attribute or an opinion or an illness. For actual ownership, use the relation 'owns' or 'hasOwnershipIn' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'possession' and sense 2 of 'ownership; and part of verb sense 2 of 'possess' (ownership is not required) and parts of verb senses 1 and 4 of 'have' (for sense 1 only the possession of money is a relevant example) in WordNet: 1. (10) possession, ownership - (the act of having and controlling property) WN verb 'possess' 2. (12) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?') WN 'have' 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard') 4. (143) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?')
Super-classes	Action^c HavingSomething^c
Sub-classes	StorageOfSomething^c RentingState^c PhysicalPossession^c KeepingInformation^c RetainingPossession^c Ownership^c WearingSomething^c

Possessive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Possessive`
Description	Possessives include some closed class words that are also determiners, such as 'my' and 'our', but also include all possessives derived from open class words, including Proper names such as 'John's'. A Possessive is not necessarily a Pronoun. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'possessive' in Wordnet, but WN classifies it as a 'case' and in COSMO it is a type of ''Word'': in WordNet: 1. genitive, genitive case, possessive, possessive case - (the case expressing ownership)`
Super-classes	GrammaticalStructure^c Word^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#mine-poss http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hisOrHer http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#my http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#its http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#theirs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#your http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#his http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#their http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#our http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#her-poss http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#thy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hisOrHerOwn http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hers

Possibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Possibility`
Description	A 'Possibility' is a 'VerbalProbability' (subtype of 'Probability') of something occurring that is significant in the given context, and can range from 0 to 1.0; narrower range of values in this inclusive range are expresed by subtypes. Like Probability, it might be is expressed as a fraction between 0 and 1, but is usually not explicitly given a number, rather it is quantified if at all by modifiers 'a slim possibility'; 'he has a good possibility of . . .' This expresses the notion of 'Possibility' in a phrase like 'there is a possiblity that he will win' - similar in meaning to 'he has a chance of beating his opponent'. To say there is 'no possiblity' or 'no chance' means that the probability of the Event is insignificant. The numerical interpretation is highly context dependent, and probably (!) subjective. For each instance of this type, there should be some number attached (this is a subtype of 'DimensionlessRatio'), but that number can be a limit (greater or less than some number). To say that 'there is a possibility' makes no commitment about the number, except that it is not zero but likely to be less than 1.0; the default value is highly dependent on context' 'there is a possibilty that you will win the lottery' has a default value much lower than 'there is a possibility that he will win the game'. The different ranges can be expressed using subtypes. Using this type merely means that the thing characterized is not ''Impossible''. The sense of 'possibility' meaning 'something that is possible' is not included in this sense,but is represented by 'PossibleFutureSituation'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'possibility' and noun sense 4 of 'chance' and sense 1 of 'probability' and sense 1 of 'likelihood' in WordNet: 2. (18) possibility, possibleness - (capability of existing or happening or being true; 'there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired') WN 'chance': 4. (2) probability, chance - (a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible; 'the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5') WN noun 'likelihood': 1. (2) likelihood, likeliness - (the probability of a specified outcome)
Super-classes	VerbalProbability^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 1.0^c
Sub-classes	Certainty^c Chance^c Potentiality^c

Possible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Possible`
Description	Possible is a 'VerbalProbability', an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that may be true in some Possible World. Since that is a very loose criterion, the only things that are literally impossible by this criterion are things that are logically inconsistent. In common usage, a situation may be considered 'impossible' if the probabilty is extremely low. See also 'PossiblyTrue'. As a practical matter, a lower numerical probability of 0.000000001 (one in a billion) has been set, but may be changed. For the sense of 'possible' meaning that a situation does not violate the known laws of physics, use the subtype 'PhysicallyPossible'. In SUMO the attribute 'Possibility' is defined thus: Possibility 'Attribute that applies to Propositions that are possible, i.e. true in at least one possible world. For things that are possible within the known laws of physics, use the subtype 'PhysicallyPossible'. That is still a loose criterion, and for things that are 'realistically possible' we will need some range of probability measures. NOTE: 'can' and 'could' are used as labels for this adjective, though they are not attributes, because this Attribute implies that what is possible 'can happen'. NOTE: ''VerbalProbability''s have a range of levels. The subtypes under ''Possibility'' are intended to represent specific ranges of quantitative likelihood from 0.0 to 1.0. The subtypes of ''Possible'' are vaguer and depend on the believer and the context.. NOTE2: some of the below are subtypes of''TruthValue' - the relations are not yet (rev1697) carefully coordnated. VerbalProbability Possibility Impossible LogicallyContradictory Possible *PhysicallyPossible Probable *Certain Uncertain *Debatable *Controversial Doubtful *So-called *Unlikely ****VeryUnlkely Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'possible' in WordNet, and includes adverb sense 2 of 'possibly': in WordNet: 1. (141) possible - (capable of happening or existing; 'a breakthrough may be possible next year'; 'anything is possible'; 'warned of possible consequences') 3. (1) conceivable, imaginable, possible - (capable of being imagined; 'that is one possible answer')
Super-classes	VerbalProbability^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 1e-09^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 1.0^c
Sub-classes	Plausible^c Prospective^c Uncertain^c Attempted^c Potential^c Optional^c PhysicallyPossible^c Feasible^c Probable^c

PossibleEffect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleEffect`
Description	A ''PossibleEffect'' is an ''Effect'' of some ''PurposefulAction'' that may or may not happen as a consequence of that Action.
Super-classes	Event^c Effect^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op some PurposefulAction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Possible^c
Sub-classes	Downside^c

PossibleFutureAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleFutureAction`
Description	A ''PossibleFutureAction'' is a ''HumanActivity'' that has been considered consciously, or planned or scheduled.
Super-classes	PossibleFutureSituation^c HumanActivity^c

PossibleFutureApocalypse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleFutureApocalypse`
Description	A ''PossibleFutureApocalypse'' is a ''PossibleFutureDisaster''in which the 'loss' is of great magnitude, sufficient to qualify as an ''Apocalypse''.
Super-classes	PossibleFutureDisaster^c Apocalypse^c

PossibleFutureBenefit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleFutureBenefit`
Description	A ''PossibleFutureBenefit'' is a possible but not yet actual ''Benefiting'' that might occur in the Future. This is the kind of situation that one can take advantage of by performing a ''UsingAnOpportunity'' Action.
Super-classes	PossibleFutureSituation^c Benefiting^c OpportunityCausingEvent^c

PossibleFutureDanger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleFutureDanger`
Description	A ''PossibleFutureDanger'' is a possible but not yet actual ''DangerousSituation'' that might occur in the Future. This is the kind of situation that one takes ''Precaution'' against.
Super-classes	PossibleFutureSituation^c DangerousSituation^c

PossibleFutureDisaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleFutureDisaster`
Description	A ''PossibleFutureDisaster'' is a ''PossibleFutureLoss''in which the 'loss' is of great magnitude, sufficient to qualify as a ''Disaster''.
Super-classes	PossibleFutureLoss^c Disaster^c
Sub-classes	PossibleFutureApocalypse^c

PossibleFutureLoss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleFutureLoss`
Description	A ''PossibleFutureLoss'' is a possible but not yet actual ''LosingSomething'' that might occur in the Future. This is the kind of situation that could motivate a ''Precaution'' Action, i.e. precautionary measure(s). Or, it could be ignored, depending on the magnitude of the loss. `To represent an instance of a ''PossibleFutureLoss'' the restriction requires specifying a value for the probability of such a loss, but the probability can be verbal and vague, such as ,`
Super-classes	LosingSomething^c PossibleFutureSituation^c
Restrictions	mayConvinceAgentToAction^op some Precaution^c hasProbability^op some (Probability^c or MeasureType^c or ProbabilityType^c or VerbalProbability^c)
Sub-classes	PossibleFutureDisaster^c

PossibleFutureSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleFutureSituation`
Description	A PossibleFutureSituation is a FutureSituation, (a Process, Event, or State) that has not yet happened, but is considered as 'possible' (having a Probability greater than 0) by some speaker. Example usage: 'There is a possibility that the hurricane will hit New York.' Usually calling something 'a possibility' means that the Probability is significant, but the usage is highly dependent on context, and could be objectively low ('one possibility is that he will win the lottery'). Saying that a person or thing 'has possibilities' can be represented by this type, each of those possibilities' being an instance. Linguistically this type may also be represented by phrases such as 'there are several possible outcomes (or possible results)'; each possible outcome is an instance of 'Possibility'. NOTE: to use this sense of 'possibility' usually requires that there is some starting situation from which PossibleFutureSituation could develop; the starting situation needs to be represented (by a special relation)? @ToDo: perhaps this should be a relation on the starting situation: 'hasPossibleFuture'?? @ToDo: the possible outcomes should also be related to each other; NOTE: the 'possibility' (possible outcome) presented by one of several alternative choices (an ''AlternativeAction'' is represented by the subtype '' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'possibility' in WordNet: 1. (21) possibility - (a future prospect or potential; 'this room has great possibilities')
Super-classes	FutureSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Possible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Likelihood^c
Sub-classes	PossibleFutureBenefit^c PossibleFutureDanger^c AlternativeAction^c PossibleFutureAction^c ImminentPossibleFutureSituation^c ScheduledEvent^c PlanContext^c EndOfheWorld^c Scenario^c PossibleFutureLoss^c

PossibleWorld^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossibleWorld`
Description	Each 'PossibleWorld' is some all-encompassing place and all-encompassing time in which objects exists and events happen. This is not merely a Planet, but a full universe where things can affect each other, and assertions may be true or false, but not both. Our ''RealWorld'' is one instance. There are many ''PossibleWorld''s that include fiction and hypothetical worlds, as well as projections into the future of our real World. NOTE that a ''PossibleWorld'' is its own ''SpatialRegion' (required by ''TimeAndPlace'') - ? need it be a TimeAndPlace? allValues? For our own real universe, use ''RealWorld'', one instance of 'PossibleWorld'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'world' and sense 1 of 'universe' in WordNet; it is not clear if the WordNet sense includes possible worlds, and this COSMO sense does include possible worlds: in WordNet: 1. (232) universe, existence, creation, world, cosmos, macrocosm - (everything that exists anywhere; 'they study the evolution of the universe'; 'the biggest tree in existence')
Super-classes	TimeAndPlace^c
Restrictions	hasSpatialRegion^op value PossibleWorld^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleEarth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpidermanComicsAndMovies http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld

Possibly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Possibly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'possibly' in Wordnet: 2. (1) possibly, potentially - (with a possibility of becoming actual; 'introducing possibly dangerous innovations'; 'he is potentially dangerous'; 'potentially useful')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Conceivably^c

PossiblyTrue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PossiblyTrue

Description

PossiblyTrue is a level of credibility that applies to assertions with either an unknown reliability or observations that are suggestive but not conclusive; In both cases there should be no countervailing evidence to the assertion or observation.

  Includes adjective senses 1,2, and 3 of 'possible' in WordNet:
    1. (141) possible - (capable of happening or existing;
        'a breakthrough may be possible next year'; 'anything is possible';
        'warned of possible consequences')
    2. (22) potential, possible - (existing in possibility; 'a potential problem'; 
         'possible uses of nuclear power')
    3. (1) conceivable, imaginable, possible - (capable of being imagined; 
         'that is one possible answer')

Super-classes TruthValue^c

Post^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Post`
Description	A rigid solid rod that is much longer than it is wide, used as a support for other objects, usually as one of several Posts all supporting the same thing or parts of the same thing. A Post need not be cyclindrical, like a Pole. When in use the long dimension is oriented vertically, but it is still a Post when lying horizontal. IF it is known that a particular Post is actually vertical in place, use 'PostStuckInGround'. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'post' in WordNet: 4. (2) post - (an upright consisting of a piece of timber or metal fixed firmly in an upright position; 'he set a row of posts in the ground and strung barbwire between them')`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c RigidObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Sub-classes	VerticalPost^c

Post-Colonial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Post-Colonial

Description

''Post-Colonial'' is an AttributeValue of a region that was a ''Colony'' after the ''Colonial'' rule has ended.

      No sense in WordNet.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Post-Season^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Post-Season

Description

''Post-Season'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''PostSeason'' during which the ''GameEvent''s scheduled for the teams of some ''SportsLeague''' after the ''RegularPlayingSeason'' are played.

       NO adj sense of 'post-season' in WN.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PostCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostCard`
Description	Written correspondence on (typically) a 3 x 5 inch card. Postcards often don't contain much content and are usually just a short note to say 'hi' to friends and family during vacations. A ''PostCard'' is not usually enclosed in an envelope. This is only for a mailed (and therefore ''Cancelled'') ''PostCard'' that is not in an envelope. The message content therefore is readable by anyone who sees it, without opening an envelope. This is an important part of the meaning that should be represented at some point. An unsent postcard should be a different type. Not specified yet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postcard' in WordNet: 1. postcard, post card, postal card, mailing-card - (a card for sending messages by post without an envelope)
Super-classes	Mail^c Document-Physical^c Card^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value ShortMessage^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cancelled^c

PostModern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostModern`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'postmodern' in Wordnet: 1. postmodernist, postmodern - (of or relating to postmodernism; 'postmodernist architecture')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PostOffice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostOffice

Description

A 'PostOffice' is a building or part of a building where some PostalService has an office that receives and delivers mail. This differs for the Cyc usage, which has a 'Postoffice' as an Organization rather than a PhysicalObject. FOr the Organization the manages this type of ''PostOffice'' use ''PostOfficeStaff''.

      Cyc: A collection of local government organizations.
        An element of #$PostOffice is a particular Post Office
        organization - postal station, mailing facility, or branch
        office - having a particular location.  Note that this
        collection includes only government post offices, not
        non-government commercial shippers who offer various kinds
        of shipping services, sometimes including Postal services.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'post office' in WordNet:
          1. (3) post office, local post office - (a local branch of the 
           United States Post Office)

Super-classes OfficeSpace^c

PostOfficeStaff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostOfficeStaff`
Description	A ''PostOfficeStaff'' is the Organization consisting of the group of Postal Department ''Employee''s that work at a single PostOffice facility where pieces of ''Mail'' are processed: sorted, forwarded, or delivered.
Super-classes	ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value PostOffice^c

PostOperative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostOperative

Description

A ''PostOperativePeriod''is the ''TimeInterval'' immediately following a 'Surgery'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'postoperative' in Wordnet:
          1. postoperative - (happening or done after a surgical operation;
             'postoperative complications'; 'postoperative care')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PostOperativeCare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostOperativeCare`
Description	A ''PostOperativeCare'' is any ''MedicalCareEvent'' that occurs during the ''PostOperativePeriod'' following a ''Surgery'' Action.
Super-classes	MedicalCareEvent^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value PostOperativePeriod^c

PostOperativePeriod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostOperativePeriod`
Description	A ''PostOperativePeriod''is the ''TimeInterval'' immediately following a 'Surgery'' Action.
Super-classes	EventIndexedTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	alwaysFollows^op value Surgery^c

PostSeason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostSeason`
Description	''PostSeason''is the ''TimeInterval'' that follows this 'regulation ''PlayingSeason'' during which some series of ''GameEvent''s are played. During this ''TimeInterval'' the ''Playoff'' games are played, and a ''Champion'' wins the ''Championship''. No WN or RHW definitions.
Super-classes	Season^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op value Playoff^c alwaysFollows^op value RegularPlayingSeason^c

PostSecondarySchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostSecondarySchool`
Description	The SUMO term for 'DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitutionl'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

PostStuckInGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostStuckInGround`
Description	A roughly cyclindrical object, long and thin, that is spiked into the ground. Examples; telephone poles, a fence post, sign posts, or a pylon. If a Post is referred to and it is not known if it is vertical in place, use the more general 'Post'. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'post' in WordNet: 4. (2) post - (an upright consisting of a piece of timber or metal fixed firmly in an upright position; 'he set a row of posts in the ground and strung barbwire between them')`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c VerticalPost^c Shaft^c PartOfanArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c
Sub-classes	TelephonePole^c Piling^c

PostTest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostTest

Description

''PostTest'' pertains to things, usually actions, that occur after a ''TestingEvent''.

      no sense in WN.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PostWar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostWar

Description

''PostWar'' is a subtype of ''Subsequent''that specifies that the thing (usually an Event or state) modified by the adjective occurred subsequent to after) some 'War''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'post-war' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) postwar - (belonging to the period after a war; 'postwar resettlement';
           'postwar inflation')

Super-classes Subsequent^c

Postage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postage`
Description	A collection of #$InformationBearingThings. It has both hardcopy (i.e., #$PostageStamp) and electronic instances. An instance of #$Postage is a #$TenderObject designed to be exchanged for the sending of a #$MailableObject as an instance of #$SendingSomething. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'postage' in Wordnet; WN seems to restrict this sense to 'postage stamps', but this COSMO type includes prepaid marks on envelopes and postage printed over the internet. For the traditional postage stamp, use the subtype ''PostageStamp'': in WordNet: 2. postage, postage stamp, stamp - (a token that postal fees have been paid)`
Super-classes	TenderObject^c
Sub-classes	PostageStamp^c

PostageStamp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostageStamp`
Description	A small piece of paper with adhesive, representing a certain amount of money paid; affixed to an envelope, it pays for delivery by a PostalService. For other type of postage used in mailing, use the parent type ''Postage''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'postage' and noun sense 1 of 'stamp' in WordNet: WN 'stamp': 1. (2) postage, postage stamp, stamp - (a token that postal fees have been paid)`
Super-classes	Device-OneTimeUse^c Postage^c OfficialDocument^c TenderObject^c Sticker-Adhesive^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value PostalService^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Paper^c

Postal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postal

Description

'Postal' is an attribute of anything that has a close relation to some ''PostalService'' and the locations and operations specific to that service.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'postal' in Wordnet:
        1. postal - (of or relating to the system for delivering mail; 'postal delivery')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

PostalAddress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostalAddress`
Description	A PostalAddress identifies a location (which may be a building or part of a building, or a postal bin in some building) in the delivery region of some postal system. NOTE that we represent PostalAddresses as AbstractStrings. This does not preclude the specification of structure to the string. PostalAddresses have structure that is dependent on the Postal Authority that specifies the format. Using this Type to specify an address makes the address an object rather than a simple datatype string. The name of a PostalAddress can use the 'ADDR_' prefix, followed by the address itself, to make that address self-explanatory. A pair of underscores in the name '__'will symbolize an end-of-line character in the usual format of an address (e.g. after the street number), and an underscore should be interpreted as a space. Note that an Address that is a Building (such as a single-family residence) may have a name component following the 'ADDR_' prefix that is identical to the corresponding name component of the Building, folowing its prefix 'BLDG_', unless the building has a unique name, such as 'EmpireStateBuilding'. This type has no exactly comparable representation in WordNet; WordNet represents an 'address' in one sense as the actual location, not a string: 2. (5) address - (the place where a person or organization can be found or communicated with) The closest WordNet sense is sense 6, and that is considered as an 'instruction', which is not a parent type in COSMO: in Wordnet: 6. address, destination, name and address - (written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location)
Super-classes	AddressString^c
Sub-classes	ResidencePostalAddress^c
In domain of	hasPostalCode^fp
In range of	hasPostalAddress^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ADDR_735_Belvidere_Ave.__Plainfield_NJ_07062

PostalCode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostalCode`
Description	COSMO note: as a UniqueID, a PostalCode identifies an individual: the individual is the postal delivery area represented gy the PostalCode. `Cyc: A specialization of #$ContactInfoString. Each instance of #$PostalCode is a character string used by a postal service to designate a particular geographic area. For example, the code used by the #$USPostalService for central downtown Austin, TX, is '78701'. Important specializations of #$PostalCode include #$InternationalPostalCode and #$ZipCode.`
Super-classes	UniqueID^c CodeString^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value PostalService^c
Sub-classes	ZipCode^c

PostalCodeArea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostalCodeArea

Description

A ''GeographicalArea'' served by the Post Office that serves one or more certain postal code(s). As an Area, this is the sum of ''PhysicalObjects'' in some ''GeographicalRegion'', not a volume of space.

  SKOS def;  The physical area uniquely identified by some postal code.

Super-classes GeographicalArea^c

PostalService^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostalService`
Description	$PostalService is a specialization of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization and #$ShippingOrganization. Each instance of #$PostalService is an organization, usually government-run, usually national in scope, which has the main function of shipping letters and packages among people and organizations. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'post' in WordNet: 10. mail, mail service, postal service, post - (the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office; 'the mail handles billions of items every day'; 'he works for the United States mail service'; 'in England they call mail 'the post'')
Super-classes	LegalGovernmentOrganization^c ShippingOrganization^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value DeliveringMail^c
Sub-classes	UnitedStatesPostalService^c

Postmark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postmark`
Description	A ''Postmark'' (typically) indicates the time and date and PostOffice at which a piece of ''Mail'' entered the postal delivery system. Each ''Postmark'' is affixed by the ''PostOfficeStaff'' at that ''PostOffice'' - even though it may be directly produced by a robotic device, the machinery is controlled by that ''PostOfficeStaff''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postmark' in WordNet: 1. (1) postmark - (a cancellation mark stamped on mail by postal officials; indicates the post office and date of mailing)`
Super-classes	Mark^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value PostOffice^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value PostOfficeStaff^c

PostmodernArchitecturalStyle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostmodernArchitecturalStyle`
Description	The #$PostmodernArchitecturalStyle is a style of building design that became popular in the late 20th Century. It is characterized by the addition of simple visible features (to what would otherwise be in the #$ModernMinimalistArchitecturalStyle), often self-conciously parodying or referring to classic or other motifs (like pediments) without any effort to reproduce them faithfully. Simplicity of geometric appearance, or color, may be sacrificed somewhat in order to make some 'statement'. It began to supplant the #$ModernMinimalistArchitecturalStyle before the turn of the millennium.
Super-classes	ConstructionArtifact^c

Postmodernism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postmodernism`
Description	The term ''Postmodernism'' seems to cover a vague collections of ideas, mainly of philosophical nature but including architecture, difficult to collectively specify with logical precision. NOTE: ''Postmodernism'' is here a subtype of ''PhilosophicalSchool'' (an Object) whereas ''Modernism'' is a subtype of ''ArtActivity'' (an Event). To be in both categories would be a contradiction. The hierarchical position needs to be reconsidered and should be the same for both concepts. @ToDo. Manner Method? Wikipedia: Postmodernism is a broad movement that developed in the mid-to-late 20th century across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism, marking a departure from modernism. The term has been more generally applied to describe a historical era said to follow after modernity and the tendencies of this era. Postmodern thinkers frequently describe knowledge claims and value systems as contingent or socially-conditioned, framing them as products of political, historical, or cultural discourses and hierarchies. These thinkers often view personal and spiritual needs as being best fulfilled by improving social conditions and adopting more fluid discourses, in contrast to modernism, which places a higher degree of emphasis on maximizing progress and which generally regards promotion of objective truths as an ideal form of discourse. Postmodernism is generally defined by an attitude of skepticism, irony, or rejection toward what it describes as the grand narratives and ideologies associated with modernism, often criticizing Enlightenment rationality and focusing on the role of ideology in maintaining political or economic power. Common targets of postmodern criticism include universalist ideas of objective reality, morality, truth, human nature, reason, science, language, and social progress. Accordingly, postmodern thought is broadly characterized by tendencies to self-consciousness, self-referentiality, epistemological and moral relativism, pluralism, and irreverence. Postmodern critical approaches gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, and have been adopted in a variety of academic and theoretical disciplines, including cultural studies, philosophy of science, economics, linguistics, architecture, feminist theory, and literary criticism, as well as art movements in fields such as literature, contemporary art, and music. Postmodernism is often associated with schools of thought such as deconstruction, post-structuralism, and institutional critique, as well as philosophers such as Jean-Francois Lyotard, Jacques Derrida, and Fredric Jameson. Criticisms of postmodernism are intellectually diverse and include arguments that postmodernism promotes obscurantism, is meaningless, and that it adds nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postmodernism' in WordNet: 1. postmodernism - (genre of art and literature and especially architecture in reaction against principles and practices of established modernism)
Super-classes	Criticism-Genre^c PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Architecture^c hasTopic^op value ArtActivity^c contrastsWith^op value Modernism^c hasTopic^op value PostmodernArchitecturalStyle^c

Postnatal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postnatal

Description

''Postnatal'' is a attribute of something ''Succeeding'' (coming after) a 'BirthEvent''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'postnatal' in Wordnet:
         1. postnatal, postpartum - (occurring immediately after birth; 'postnatal development')

Super-classes Succeeding^c

PostnatalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostnatalEvent`
Description	A ''PrenatalEvent'' is any Event that occurs prior to a ''BirthEvent'' that involves the ''BirthMother''. This can be something done by the ''BirthMother'' or some medical test or procedure performed by a health care worker.
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Postnatal^c hasParticipant^op value BirthMother^c occursAfter^op value BirthEvent^c

Postponement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postponement`
Description	This is a TimeInterval, although the terms may appear to refer to some sort of Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postponement' in WordNet: 1. delay, hold, time lag, postponement, wait - (time during which some action is awaited; 'instant replay caused too long a delay'; 'he ordered a hold in the action')`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c Intermission^c
Sub-classes	Extension^c MoratoriumInterval^c

Postponing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postponing`
Description	''Postponing''' is a ''Delaying'' that usually includes an intention to perform or resume the Action at some specific time, `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'postpone' in WordNet: 1. (12) postpone, prorogue, hold over, put over, table, shelve, set back, defer, remit, put off - (hold back to a later time; 'let's postpone the exam')`
Super-classes	Delaying^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Uncertainty^c

Postsecondary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postsecondary

Description

''Postsecondary'' characterizes and pertains to educational institutions that provide education for those who have graduated from a 'Secondary School' (in the USA, a ''HighSchool''). 'postsecondary education'

        MWD 'postsecondary':
          of, relating to, or being education following secondary school

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Postulate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postulate`
Description	Each 'Postulate' is a specification describing a structure of some system, abstract or concrete. A Postulate can be very informal and may have a very narrow scope, and be untested. It may be formulated as a Hypothesis, to explain some phenomenon, or merely be created to test the logical consequences of the Postulate, without any expectation that the Postulate describes anything that is true in the real world. The subtypes 'Hypothesis' and 'Theory' are used for less speculative Postulates. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postulate' in WordNet: 1. (1) postulate, posit - ((logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning)`
Super-classes	Context^c Information-Content^c Specification^c Thought^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Postulating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Granted^c
Sub-classes	Hypothesis^c PostulatedScenario^c

PostulatedScenario^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PostulatedScenario`
Description	A ''PostulatedScenario'' is a ''Postulate'' that refers to a ''Scenario'' (a series of pssible FutureEvents) and is asserted as possible and considered in planning for the future. This is a 'Postuate' - a MentalObject that describes some possible FutureEvents. The FutureEvents described are represented as a ''Scenario'' RHW: an imagined or projected sequence of events, esp. any of several detailed plans or possibilities: One scenario calls for doubling profits by increasing our advertising, the other by reducing costs. WN considers a 'scenario' as a type of 'premise' but does not explicitly represent the postulated Events (for which see ''Scenario''). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scenario ' in WordNet: 3. scenario - (a postulated sequence of possible events; 'planners developed several scenarios in case of an attack')
Super-classes	Group^c Postulate^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op only PlanningEvent^c refersToFutureSituation^op only PossibleFutureSituation^c

Postulating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Postulating`
Description	A 'Postulating' is a type of Thinking in which an IntelligentAgent creates a Postulate, whether as a way to explain some phenomenon, or merely as a speculation to determine what the logical consequences of the Posulate would be. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'postulate' and includes parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'suppose' in WordNet; the more specific 'hypothesize' is represented as sense 3 of 'suppose': in WordNet: 2. (31) think, opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess - (expect, believe, or suppose; 'I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel'; 'I thought to find her in a bad state'; 'he didn't think to find her in the kitchen'; 'I guess she is angry at me for standing her up') 3. (17) speculate, theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate, suppose - (to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; 'Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps') WN 'postulate': 2. (1) postulate, posit - (take as a given; assume as a postulate or axiom; 'He posited three basic laws of nature') WN noun 'conjecture': 3. conjecture - (reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence)
Super-classes	Reasoning^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Postulate^c wasExperiencedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Hypothesizing^c Theorizing^c Speculating^c Generalizing^c Assuming^c

Posture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Posture`
Description	''Posture'' is a static ''BodyBearing'' describing the body's form, shape, or configuration when it is not moving: how the head or limbs relate to other parts of the body and whether the torso is straight or bent. Examples:. standing, sitting, kneeling, lying down, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'posture' in WordNet: 1. (9) position, posture, attitude - (the arrangement of the body and its limbs; 'he assumed an attitude of surrender')`
Super-classes	BodyBearing^c BodyPositionEvent^c
Sub-classes	SittingOrLyingPosture^c LotusPosition^c SprawlingPosture^c StraddlingPosture^c Slouching^c

Pot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pot`
Description	A CookingVessel that is deeper than a FryingPan, suitable for cooking food objects in some liquid. Subtypes such as ''TeaPot'' may have the simple function of boiling water, or ''CoffeePot'' for steeping coffee grounds. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pot' in WordNet: 1. (7) pot - (metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c CookingVessel^c
Sub-classes	Kettle^c CoffeePot^c TeaPot^c CrockPot^c

PotHolder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotHolder`
Description	A hand-sized '''Pad'' used to hold hot object such as cooking vessels, insulated to prevent the handler from getting burned. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potholder' in WordNet: 1. potholder - (an insulated pad for holding hot pots)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Pad^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CookingFood^c

Potable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potable

Description

The AttributeValue ''Potable'' asserts that the subject thus characterized consists mostly of an ''EdibleStuff'', which in contrast to ''Edible'' must be a drinkable liquid. (note that poisons are also drinkable - so this is not a subtype).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'potable' in WordNet:
         1. drinkable, potable - (suitable for drinking)

Super-classes Edible^c

PotableWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotableWater`
Description	'PotableWater' is fresh water suitable for drinking by people and animals, free from harmful contaminants such as toxic substances or pathogenic biological agents.
Super-classes	Water-Fresh^c

Potash^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potash

Description

NOTE: The mineral ''Potash'' (the 'potash' represented in CYC) is not 'potassium hydroxide', it is Potassium carbonate, though 'potash' is used loosely for other potassium compounds.

       But the  WN 'potash' seems to confuse the carbonate ('used in agriculture)
         with the hydroxide ('caustic potash' - 'used in indstry')
        The hydroxide is represented by ''POtassiumHydrozide''.  This sense
        is for the carbonate.

       Sense 1 and/or 4 in RHW.        
       RHW: 1. potassium carbonate, esp. the crude impure form obtained from wood ashes.
          2. potassium hydroxide.
          3. the oxide of potassium, K2O.
          4.  potassium, as carbonate of potash.

      Corresponds to *part* (potassium carbonate, used in agriculture)
         of noun sense 1 of 'potash' in WordNet:
        1. potash, caustic potash, potassium hydroxide - 
           (a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry)

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c
Mineral^c

Potassium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potassium

Description

CYC All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of potassium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potassium' in WordNet:
        1. (5) potassium, K, atomic number 19 - (a light soft silver-white
           metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly 
           in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature 
           in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite 
           and kainite and sylvite)

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c
AlkaliMetal^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

PotassiumCarbonate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotassiumCarbonate`
Description	An inorganic salt that has potassium ions as the cations and carbonate as the anion - K2CO3. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potassium carbonate' in WordNet: 1. potassium carbonate - (a white salt (K2CO3) that is basic in solution; used to make glass and cleansing agents)`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	containsChemicalElement^op value Oxygen^c containsChemicalElement^op value Carbon^c containsChemicalElement^op value Potassium^c

PotassiumHydroxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotassiumHydroxide`
Description	An inorganic salt that has potassium ions as the cations and hydroxyl as the anion - KOH. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potassium hydroxide' in WordNet: 1. potash, caustic potash, potassium hydroxide - (a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry)`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	containsChemicalElement^op value Oxygen^c containsChemicalElement^op value Potassium^c containsChemicalElement^op value Hydrogen^c

Potato^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potato`
Description	A round edible tuber obtained from the ''PotatoPlant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potato' in WordNet: 1. (2) potato, white potato, Irish potato, murphy, spud, tater - (an edible tuber native to South America; a staple food of Ireland)`
Super-classes	Tuber^c SolidFoodObject^c BallLikeObject^c SolanaceousVegetable^c
Restrictions	isTheTuberOfa^op value PotatoPlant^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Potato-Foodstuff^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c

Potato-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potato-Foodstuff`
Description	Potato as a substance, in any of its edible forms. This is the main constituent of a 'Potato' and also of MashedPotatoes and FrenchFries. `NOTE: MashedPotatoes is a subtype, but FrenchFries is a Dish (Object) having this as the main constituent substance.`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c
Sub-classes	MashedPotatoes^c

PotatoBlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotatoBlight`
Description	Wikipedia: Late blight is caused by the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans, an organism that used to be considered a fungus, but is now thought to be related to algae. It is a notorious plant disease, being responsible for the Irish potato famine that led to large-scale death in the 1840s. Early blight is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. . Both of these plant diseases can also affect tomatoes, and other members of the Solanaceae family. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potato blight' in WordNet: 1. potato blight, potato mold, potato disease, potato mildew, potato murrain - (a blight of potatoes)
Super-classes	Blight^c

PotatoChip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotatoChip`
Description	This ''PotatoChip'' is a Single ''Chip-Snack'' made from potatoes.. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'potato chip' in WordNet: 4. chip, crisp, potato chip, Saratoga chip - (a thin crisp slice of potato fried in deep fat)`
Super-classes	Chip-Snack^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Potato^c

PotatoPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotatoPlant

Description

A vine producing edible underground tubers called .'Potato'. This is the plant, not the edible tuber.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'potato' in WordNet:
      2. potato, white potato, white potato vine, Solanum tuberosum -
         (annual native to South America having underground stolons
         bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable;
         vines are poisonous)

Super-classes Vine^c

Potency^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potency

Description

''Potency'' is an Attribute that characterizes how effective a biologically actives substance is in having its intended effect. This may take quantiative or qulitative values.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potency' in WordNet:
         1. (1) potency, effectiveness, strength - 
          (capacity to produce strong physiological or chemical effects;
          'the toxin's potency'; 'the strength of the drinks')

Super-classes Efficacy^c

Potent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potent

Description

'Potent'' is a specialized attribute of ''ChemicalSubstanceType''s or ''PhysicalSubstance''s that indicates that they are ''Effective'' at causing Physiological effects.

       WN adj 'strong':
       in WordNet:
         4. potent, strong, stiff - (having a strong physiological or chemical effect; 
           'a potent toxin'; 'potent liquor'; 'a potent cup of tea', 'a stiff drink')

Super-classes Effective^c

Potential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potential

Description

''Potential'' is an attribute characterizing something that could exist at some time in the future, but does not yet exist.

       Something that is 'potential' exists at the time of its being so characterized 
          only in some ''FutureSituation''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'potential' in Wordnet:
        1. (7) potential, possible - (existing in possibility; 'a potential problem'; 
           'possible uses of nuclear power')

Super-classes Possible^c
ExistenceValue^c
Nonexistent^c

PotentialCBRNEThreat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotentialCBRNEThreat`
Description
Super-classes	DangerousThing^c
Sub-classes	PotentialChemicalThreat-BBNEntityType^c

PotentialChemicalThreat-BBNEntityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotentialChemicalThreat-BBNEntityType`
Description	CYC: A collection which subsumes both #$ChemicallyHarmfulSubstance and #$ChemicalWeapon.
Super-classes	PotentialCBRNEThreat^c
Sub-classes	HarmfulChemicalSubstance^c

PotentialEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotentialEnergy`
Description	Energy available from objects in a force field, as in water above sea level, available for release when the water drops to a lower level. Charged objects in an electrical field also have potential energy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potential energy' in WordNet: 1. (12) potential energy, P.E. - (the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its position; stored energy)`
Super-classes	Energy^c
Sub-classes	Hydropower^c RenewableEnergy^c

Potentiality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potentiality`
Description	''Potentiality'' is the COSMO term for a 'potential' (noun), which is the ''Possibility'' that something can become something else - having a different attribute, or developing into something of a different type. ''Potential'' is a ''Possibility''of some state that may occur at some time in the future. This can be used as a trait of things or people to specify what they may become. This combines (noun) senses 6 of 'potential' in RHW: 6. a latent excellence or ability that may or may not be developed. and sense 1 of 'potential' and sense 2of 'potentiality' in WordNet: 1. (10) potential, potentiality, potency - (the inherent capacity for coming into being) WN noun 'potentiality': 2. (2) capability, capableness, potentiality - (an aptitude that may be developed)
Super-classes	Capability^c Possibility^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op value BecomingEvent^c refersToFutureSituation^op value PossibleFutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	ForwardMomentum^c

Pothead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pothead`
Description	A ''Pothead'' is a ''Person'' who frequently smokes Marijuana. Not clear if this makes himorher an ''Addict''. `NOTE: with recent legalization,many different types of marijuana (or ingredient THC)-containing objects are available in addition to cigarettes. Will the usage of this term change to include other uses?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pothead' in WordNet: 1. pothead - (someone who smokes marijuana habitually)`
Super-classes	DrugUser^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value HabituallySmokingMarijuana^c

Pothole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pothole`
Description	A ''Pothole'' ia a ''HoleInTheGround'' that is at the surface of a ''PavedRoadway''. It may be deep enough to extend through the paving, but not necessarily. It can be from two inches to several feet wide and may be more than a foot deep, though usually less. This is the physical object that consists of the walls of the ''Pothole''. Other kinds of 'pothole' are incded in ''HoleInTheGround''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pothole' in WordNet: 1. (2) pothole, chuckhole - (a pit or hole produced by wear or weathering (especially in a road surface))`
Super-classes	HoleInTheGround^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op some PavedRoadway^c

Potter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Potter`
Description	A person who works with clay and makes pots and ceramic dishes. `SUMO: Any occupation that involves the creation of Pottery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potter' in Wordnet: 1. (7) potter, thrower, ceramicist, ceramist - (a craftsman who shapes pottery on a potter's wheel and bakes them it a kiln)`
Super-classes	CraftWorker^c TradeWorker^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value PotteryObject^c

PotteryObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotteryObject`
Description	An Object made of Ceramic, formed from clay and baked in a kiln. Other types of ceramic are under the parent ''CeramicArtifact''. `Wordnet uses the collective term 'pottery' but that term is a subtype of object, sot it appears to mean 'pottery object' as well as pottery objects collectively. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pottery' in Wordnet: 1. (10) pottery, clayware - (ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln)`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c CeramicArtifact^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Potter^c

Pouch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pouch`
Description	A ''Pouch'' is a small ''Bag'' (an ArtifactObject) made of flexible material like cloth or leather, or sometimes plastic (but not paper), used for carrying objects on one's person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pouch' in WordNet: 1. (1) pouch - (a small or medium size container for holding or carrying things)`
Super-classes	Bag^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CarryingWhileLocomoting^c

Poultry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poultry`
Description	CYC: The collection of all domesticated farm birds bred and kept for meat or eggs. The collection #$Poultry includes members of its subsets #$Chicken, #$Turkey, #$Duck, #$Goose-Bird, etc. `SUMO: A subclass of Bird that is raised for its meat or for its eggs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poultry' in WordNet: 1. (2) domestic fowl, fowl, poultry - (a domesticated gallinaceous bird thought to be descended from the red jungle fowl)`
Super-classes	MeatBearingAnimal^c DomesticatedAnimal^c Livestock^c GallinaceousBird^c
Sub-classes	Chicken^c

PoundForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoundForce`
Description	English pound of force. The conversion factor depends on the local value of the acceleration of free fall. A mean value is used in the conversion axiom associated with this constant.
Super-classes	FunctionQuantity^c

PoundMass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoundMass`
Description	English mass unit of pounds.
Super-classes	MassMeasure^c

Pounding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pounding`
Description	Each ''Pounding'' is a series of ''Blow''s on some ''SolidObject'', an Action intentionally performed by some ''Person'' or GroupOfPeople working together. `NOTE: this is not for internal 'pounding' of a Heart or Headache (see ''Throbbing''), or of some machinery Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pounding' in WordNet: 1. (1) pounding, buffeting - (repeated heavy blows)`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c EventSeries^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value ThrobbingSound^c hasComponentElement^op value Blow^c

Pouring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pouring`
Description	In each 'Pouring' Event an Agent manipulates a Container containing some liquid or GranularSubstance so that some or all of the contents of the container flows under gravity to another place below the container. The other place may be another container, or any surface. This is an intentional action, and accidently spilling a liquid is not an instance (see ''Spilling''). This can occur only in a gravitational field (or an equivalent acceleration field), NOTE: this is classified as a subtype of ''Dropping'', even though the 'dropped' object may be liquid or granular material dropped from a container without dropping the container. This type is for 'pouring' from a Container, so one may specify the kind of container that the substance was poured from, or just use the value 'ContainerArtifact' or a more specific king of container (e.g. 'Bucket', 'Cup', 'SaltShaker', 'Bottle') as the value for the 'hadObjectHandled' restriction, used to specify the container that the fluid was poured from. The container does not have to be an ''OpenTopContainer'' (e.g. one can pour from a salt shaker). NOTE: the restriction allows one to specify only the type of substance poured, if the quantity is indefinite. If the quantity poured is known, the object should be represented as a LiquidObject or GranularObject, with its weight specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pour' in WordNet: 1. (13) pour - (cause to run; 'pour water over the floor') ..
Super-classes	ConveyingaFluid^c Dropping^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some (ContainerType^c or ContainerArtifact^c or LiquidObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or LiquidObject^c or GranularObject^c) hadObjectHandled^op some (ContainerType^c or ContainerArtifact^c or LiquidObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or LiquidObject^c or GranularObject^c)
Sub-classes	PouringLiquidFromaContainer^c

PouringLiquidFromaContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PouringLiquidFromaContainer`
Description	A ''PouringLiquidFromaContainer'' is a 'Pouring' in which Event an Agent manipulates a Container holding some ''Liquidsubstance'' so that some part of the contents flows out to a lower level. `The difference between this and the parent ''Pouring'' is that this includes only the pouring of liquids, not of granular substances.`
Super-classes	Pouring^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some (ContainerType^c or ContainerArtifact^c or LiquidObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or LiquidObject^c) hadThingTransferred^op some (ContainerType^c or ContainerArtifact^c or LiquidObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or LiquidObject^c)

Pouting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pouting`
Description	''Pouting'' is displaying displeasure at being disappointed. `Same as 'being in a snit'? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pout' in WordNet: 1. sulk, pout, brood - (be in a huff and display one's displeasure; 'She is pouting because she didn't get what she wanted') WN noun 'sulk': 1. sulk, sulkiness - (a mood or display of sullen aloofness or withdrawal; 'stayed home in a sulk')`
Super-classes	BeingUpset^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value UnpleasantEvent^c impliesAgentAttribute^op value Upset^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c hasSubEvent^op value DisplayingDispleasure^c

Poverty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Poverty`
Description	The ''FinancialStatus'' that a Person has who lacks a ''LivingWage'' sufficient to support modest comfort. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poverty' in WordNet: 1. (7) poverty, poorness, impoverishment - (the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions)`
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c FinancialStatus^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value LivingWage^c isPerformedBy^op value PoorPerson^c isPerformedBy^op value Pauper^c

Powder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Powder`
Description	A Substance that is powdered; this is interpreted as finely divided, but can be somewhat granular, such as CornMeal. The exact granularity has not yet (r917) been defined. `Cyc: A specialization of #$Granular. Instances of #$Powder are composed of many fine particles and are #$FluidTangibleThing. SUMO: Any Solid Substance which consists of loose, identical, and very small particles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'powder' in WordNet: 1. (16) powder, pulverization, pulverisation - (a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized)`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c
Sub-classes	PlasterOfParis^c Fallout^c Gunpowder^c Sawdust^c GraphitePowder^c GinsengRootPowder^c Soot^c Toothpowder^c PowderedSugar^c Snow^c BakingSoda^c Flour^c Ginger^c GroundCloves^c

Powdered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Powdered

Description

Powdered is the property of granular substances whose individual grains are so small that they cannot be seen and handled individually. The common flour used in baking is an example of a powdered substance.

       NOTE that this attribute does not necessarily imply that the powder
          was the product of a 'powdering' or 'pulverization' process on a larger object,
          it could be produced by precipitation in any fljuid, or in vacuum.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'powdered' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) powdered, powdery, pulverized, pulverised, small-grained, fine-grained -
            (consisting of fine particles; 'powdered cellulose'; 'powdery snow'; 
            'pulverized sugar is prepared from granulated sugar by grinding')

Super-classes Granular^c

PowderedSugar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowderedSugar

Description

Sucrose in the powdered form used as a componentin preparing sweet foods.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'powdered sugar' in WordNet:
        1. powdered sugar - (sugar granulated into a fine powder)

Super-classes MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c
Powder^c
Sugar^c

PowerFailure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerFailure`
Description	A ''PowerFailure'' is a ''Breakdown'' in some equipment that causes a location to lose its electrical power supply. "ElectricPowerGrid" "TransmissionLine" "powerTransmission" "powerTransmissionLine" `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power failure' in WordNet: 1. power outage, power failure - (equipment failure resulting when the supply of power fails; 'the ice storm caused a power outage')`
Super-classes	Breakdown^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value PowerLine^c causedTheStoppingOf^op value ElectricCurrentTransmission^c causes^op value LackingElectricalPower^c

PowerGenerationComplex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerGenerationComplex`
Description	CYC: The collection of all power-generation complexes/facilities. Typically, these may cover several acres and consist of more than one building + transformers, generators, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power plant' in WordNet: 1. (1) power station, power plant, powerhouse - (an electrical generating station)`
Super-classes	OutdoorObject^c InfrastructureProduct^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c PowerSource^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op value Electricity^c

PowerGrid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerGrid`
Description	A multi-path System of power lines that provides backup power and increased stability for transmitting electric current that is resistant to failure of one component. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power grid' in WordNet: 1. power system, power grid, grid - (a system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region)`
Super-classes	PathArtifactSystem^c Path-Physical^c Network^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value TransmissionLine^c hasDesignFunction^op value ElectricalConduction^c

PowerLifting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerLifting`
Description	''PowerLifting'' is a Competitition that includes more than one subtype of ''WeightLifting'' . `No WN or RHW sense. Wikipedia 'powerlifting': Powerlifting is a strength sport that consists of three attempts at maximal weight on three lifts: squat, bench press, and deadlift. As in the sport of Olympic weightlifting, it involves the athlete attempting a maximal weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates.`
Super-classes	Competition^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value WeightLifting^c usesDeviceType^op value FreeWeight^c isPerformedBy^op value WeightLifter^c

PowerLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerLine`
Description	A ''PowerLine'' is any ''ElectricalWire'' that conducts electric current from a source to some outlet where eletrical devices can be plugged in or attached. This is for indoor or outdoor lines. The long-distance outdoors lines are represented by subtype ''PowerTransmissionLine''. `NOTE: WN seems to use 'power line' for 'distribution' - not clear where the dividing line is. See subtype ''PowerTransmissionLine'' for the outdoor long-distance transmission. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'power line' in WordNet: 1. power line, power cable - (cable used to distribute electricity)`
Super-classes	Path-Generic^c ElectricalWire^c TransmissionLine^c CurrentTransmittingDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ElectricCurrentTransmission^c
Sub-classes	PowerTransmissionLine^c

PowerOfAttorney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerOfAttorney`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power of attorney' in WordNet: 1. power of attorney - (a legal instrument authorizing someone to act as the grantor's agent)`
Super-classes	CertificateDocument^c LegalDocument^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value Lawyer^c isForTheUseOf^op value Agent^c
Sub-classes	StockProxy^c

PowerPylon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerPylon`
Description	`Corresponds to the part of noun sense 2 of 'pylon' specific for supporting power ines, in WordNet: 2. pylon, power pylon - (a large vertical steel tower supporting high-tension power lines; "power pylons are a favorite target for terrorists")`
Super-classes	Pylon^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value PowerTransmissionLine^c

PowerSaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerSaw`
Description	A ''PowerSaw'' is a ''Saw'' in which the blades are moved by some type of power (often electric or gasoline).other than musce power. This can be for example a rotary saw - hand held or bench mounted - or a chain saw. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power saw' in WordNet: 1. (1) power saw, saw, sawing machine - (a power tool for cutting wood)`
Super-classes	Saw^c SelfPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SawingSomething^c
Sub-classes	JigSaw^c ChainSaw^c

PowerShaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerShaft`
Description	A ''PowerShaft'' is a ''Shaft'' that transmits power (or motion) from or to one end that is attached to a power-driven rotating component to or from other point(s) along or on the far end of the ''Shaft''. One example is a ''Camshaft'' used in internal combustion engines, or a driveshaft in wheeled vehicles. `Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'shaft' in WordNet: 11. rotating shaft, shaft - (a revolving rod that transmits power or motion)`
Super-classes	Shaft^c ManufacturedGoods^c TransmittingDevice^c RotatableComponent^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value MechanicalDevice^c
Sub-classes	CrankShaft^c Camshaft^c

PowerSource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerSource`
Description	A Device that generates electrical power, providing current.that can be used by one or more electrical devices. `CYC 'CurrentSource': A source of electrical current.`
Super-classes	TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalGenerator^c Alternator^c Battery^c PowerGenerationComplex^c

PowerTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerTool`
Description	A ''PowerTool'' is a ''MechanicalDevice'' and a ''Tool' that used some source of power to modify PhysicalObjects. It can be 'self-powered' by a fuel or a battery, or may require electricity from a land line. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power tool' in WordNet: 1. (3) power tool - (a tool driven by a motor)`
Super-classes	Tool^c PoweredDevice^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Motor^c
Sub-classes	MachineTool^c

PowerTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerTransmission`
Description	''PowerTransmission'' is any Action by a Device that conveys power (''Energy'' in COSMO) in any form - heat,electrical,mechanical - from one location to another without the Device itself moving in space. `This can be done,for example, by electrical power conduction or by mechanical power transmission (e.g. through a ''Camshaft'').`
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Energy^c isPerformedBy^op value Device^c
Sub-classes	ElectricCurrentTransmission^c ElectricalConduction^c

PowerTransmissionLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerTransmissionLine`
Description	A ''PowerTransmissionLine'' is a ''PowerLine'' that transmits electrical power from one location to another outdoors (not indoors) for any distance. This includes high-voltage long-distance lines an more local lines form the street to a building. These different types can be distinguished as subtypes (not yet represented)
Super-classes	OutdoorObject^c PowerLine^c

PowerTransmittingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerTransmittingDevice`
Description	A Device that neither generates nor consumes power, but transmits it (directly or indirectly) from a PowerSource to a PowerConsumingDevice. This is generic, and can be applied to mechanical power or electrical power. `In reality, every device consumes some power, though it may be quite small and not required for functioning. In mechanical devices, friction causes power loss in transmission, and in electrical devices, resistance causes power loss. But for devices that are instances of this category, the losses, though unavoidable, are incidental to the power generation on one end and power consumption on the other end. Thus a power transmitter is a form of 'Path' - for power..`
Super-classes	Device^c Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value PowerTransmission^c
Sub-classes	CurrentTransmittingDevice^c ElectricalOutlet^c Cam^c Transformer-Electric^c

PowerUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PowerUnit`
Description	This is more general than the WN gloss,including any form of power, such as ''Watt'' or ''Horsepower''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power unit' in WordNet: 1. power unit - (a measure of electric power)`
Super-classes	ElectromagneticUnit^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Horsepower http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watt

PoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoweredDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$PoweredDevice is a device that requires some power input in order to perform its intended function(s). The power supplied might be muscle power, kinetic energy, electricity, fuel-generated, and so on. Note that #$PoweredDevice and #$NonPoweredDevice partition the collection #$PhysicalDevice.
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	PunkahFan^c SelfPoweredDevice^c Forklift^c Jukebox^c NuclearReactor^c Motor^c Typewriter^c TowedWeapon^c ATMMachine^c ConveyorBelt^c CuttingDevice^c PowerShaft^c Cam^c iPod^c SkiLift^c Propeller^c HandTool^c VendingMachine^c PowerTool^c Radiator^c SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice^c Projectile^c ProjectileLauncher^c HeatingDevice^c Turbine^c HouseholdAppliance^c LiftingDevice^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c ElectricalDevice^c ElectricalHeater^c MusclePoweredDevice^c Ship^c AlarmDevice^c

PoweredOff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoweredOff

Description

'PoweredOff' is the state of a ''Device'', particularly an 'ElectricalDevice' that has been turned off and cannot perform its design function, or, the state of any other powered device (such as a gas-powered mower) that has not yet had the power turned on by whatever means appropriate.

       See ''SwitchingaDeviceOn''

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'off' in WordNet:
           1. (3) off - (not in operation or operational; 'the oven is off'; 'the lights are off')

Super-classes DeviceState^c

PoweredOn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoweredOn

Description

'PoweredOn' is the state of a ''Device'', particularly an 'ElectricalDevice' that has been turned on and is ready do something (though it may be malfunctioning); also, the state of any other powered device (such as a gas-powered mower) that has had the power turned on by whatever means appropriate.

       See ''SwitchingaDeviceOn''

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'on' in WordNet:
           1. (6) on - (in operation or operational; 'left the oven on'; 'the switch is in the on position')

Super-classes DeviceState^c

Powerful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Powerful`
Description	'Powerful' is the atribute of something with a high degree of Capability. This is very broad, and can include the capability to perform as agent or as an instrument, and also applies to events that have an effect (a powerful explosion), but does not apply to 'Susceptibility', the ability to undergo some kind of change. NOTE that this is a subtype of 'Strong', not an intensive variant. Things that are Powerful are on average stronger than the averags 'Strong' thing, but 'Powerful' only selects those that are at the higher range of the 'Strong' types, not outside that range. This is the most general sense, including senses 1,2, and 3 of 'powerful' (sense 4 is subtye ''Brawny'') in Wordnet, except for the sense of 'powerful' relating to medicines; also included is part of sense 1 of 'effective': or arguments (part of sense 1): in WordNet: 1. (19) powerful - (having great power or force or potency or effect; 'the most powerful government in western Europe'; 'his powerful arms'; 'a powerful bomb'; 'the horse's powerful kick'; 'powerful drugs'; 'a powerful argument') 2. (2) knock-down, powerful - (strong enough to knock down or overwhelm; 'a knock-down blow') 3. (2) potent, powerful - (having great influence) WN adjective 'effective': 1. (30) effective, effectual, efficacious - (producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; 'an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation'-LewisMumford; 'effective teaching methods'; 'effective steps toward peace'; 'made an effective entrance'; 'his complaint proved to be effectual in bringing action'; 'an efficacious law')
Super-classes	Effective^c Strong^c
Sub-classes	Decisive^c Forceful^c Almighty^c Driving^c Mighty^c Formidable-Powerful^c Heavy-Powerful^c SociallyPowerful^c High-powered^c Brawny^c

PoweringAnElectricalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoweringAnElectricalDevice`
Description	'PoweringAnElectricalDevice' is the Action that is required to provide electrical power to an 'ElectricalDevice'. This may be by inserting a battery, or connecting to a power line (which may itself be powered by a battery or a generator, or solar cell, or etc. `NOTE that some electrical devices may have built-in solar cells, and the act of 'powering' that Device will occur during manufacture, and will not normally be a matter for representation other than in manufacturing. The dwevice may still have to be turned on when in the light (or not). For turning on an electrical device see 'ChangingDeviceState' and subtypes.`
Super-classes	OperatingaPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some ElectricalDevice^c
Sub-classes	PluggingInAnElectricalDevice^c

Powerless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Powerless

Description

''Powerless'' is the attribute of a Person lacking 'power', but the WN meaning is vague as to the tpe of power. This type includes a lack of 'Capability' to do some Action as well as a lack of ''SocialPower''..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'powerless' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) powerless - (lacking power)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Practical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Practical

Description

Something is 'practical' if it serves a useful purpose and is not much more expensive than an alternative of the same quality, and does not entail prohibitively bad things. This is a broad concept, applying to artifacts, activities, and methods (but not to people). This is also an EvaluativeAttribute; some people may consider games as a 'practical' way of amusing themselves, while others may consider them a waste of time. Except in retrospect (after observing things in practice), deciding whether something is 'practical' involves the inherently imprecise prediction of future effects. 'a pracical solution to the problem'

   This is closest to sense of 'practical' in RHW:
     4. adapted or designed for actual use; useful: practical instructions.

   This sense coresponds to parts of sense 1 of 'practical' in WordNet; it 
      excludes the sense of 'practical' as a personal trait ('a practical person')
        in WordNet:
     1. (22) practical - (concerned with actual use or practice;
       'he is a very practical person'; 'the idea had no practical application';
       'a practical knowledge of Japanese'; 'woodworking is a practical art')

Super-classes Suitable^c

PracticalJoke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PracticalJoke`
Description	A ''PracticalJoke'' is a''Prank'' that is intended to mislead and surprise some ''GenericVictim'' in a harmless manner that is expected to cause amusement to onlookers, though not necessarily to the victim. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'practical joke' in WordNet: 1. practical joke - (a prank or trick played on a person (especially one intended to make the victim appear foolish))`
Super-classes	Prank^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op value GenericVictim^c

Practicality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Practicality`
Description	''Practicality'' is a subtype of the Quality ''Utility'' the Quality of a Device that can perform a function or of a Procedure that can be executed with expenditure of an acceptable level of cost and effort. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'practicality' in WordNet: 1. practicality - (concerned with actual use rather than theoretical possibilities) WN noun 'practicality': 1. practicability, practicableness - (the quality of being usable)`
Super-classes	Quality^c Utility^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Practical^c
Sub-classes	Feasibility^c

Practice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Practice`
Description	A Practice is a Behavior that occurs with sufficient frequency to constitute a distinguishing characteristic for a person or group of people. It should be more frequent than other actions considered as 'Behavior', but the frequency criterion is vague. 'Pactice' differs from 'GroupPractice' in that a 'Practice' can be performed by an individual, even though it is not a 'Habit'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'practice' in WordNet: 1. (24) practice, pattern - (a customary way of operation or behavior; 'it is their practice to give annual raises'; 'they changed their dietary pattern')`
Super-classes	Behavior^c
Sub-classes	GroupPractice^c

PracticeExercise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PracticeExercise`
Description	A 'PracticeExercise' is a form of 'Practicing' that conforms to a predetermined specification, as with a musical exercise or an 'exercise' at the end of a chapter in a mathematics or language text. The specification is usually written or recorded in some form prior to the 'PracticeExercise' session. This is the Event caused by a 'Practicing' action. For the exercises at the back of a textbook chapter, the ''Procedure'' for executing the exercise is a ''TextbookExercise''. ? How differs from 'Practicing'? NOTE that for a specific instance, the 'PracticeProcedure' does not have to be specified, but can be. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'exercise' and sense 2 of 'practice' and sense 3 of 'drill'; and verb sense 5 of 'exercise' and verb sense 2 of 'practice' in WordNet: 3. (2) exercise, practice, drill, practice session, recitation - (systematic training by multiple repetitions; 'practice makes perfect') 5. drill, exercise, practice, practise - (learn by repetition; 'We drilled French verbs every day'; 'Pianists practice scales') WN verb 'practice': 1. (247) drill, exercise, practice, practise - (learn by repetition; 'We drilled French verbs every day'; 'Pianists practice scales')
Super-classes	Practicing^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value PracticeProcedure^c

PracticeProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PracticeProcedure`
Description	A 'PracticeProcedure' is a Procedure (a specification describing a series of actions) designed to develop a person's skill at some task; an execution of such a Procedure would be a 'PracticeExercise'. Musical exercise gooks or 'Examples' in a textbook would be instances. 'Do the exercises at the back of each chapter'. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'exercise' in WordNet: 4. (2) exercise, example - (a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding; 'you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook')`
Super-classes	Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value PracticeExercise^c
Sub-classes	TextbookExercise^c

Practicing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Practicing`
Description	Practicing is doing an action so that one learns how to do it faster or better. This is one way of 'PreparingForSituation', specifically the situation when one must do the same Action for practical effect, not merely for learning purposes. 'Practicing' can be done once, or many times. The action may be mostly mental, such as doing multiplication in one's head, or largely physical, such as throwing a ball accurately. Q: 'How do I get to Carnegie Hall?' A: 'Practice, man, practice!' For 'practicing' a speech or ''EntertainmentPerformance'' in advance of the public performance, use ''Rehearsing'. The restriction for 'LearningHowToDoSomething' states that it creates a Skill. A single session of practice will usually not be enough for a person to learn a Skill well, so the restriction has to be interpreted as meaning that it creates some level of skill, which may be well below expert level. This is not the 'performance' sense of 'practicing' as in 'practicing medicine'. In Cyc called: Practicing-Preparing Cyc: Doing some action repetitively in order to learn it. It will someday have assertions like the following: Performer of practice does action X repetitively. Goal is to make performance of X better (#$wantsToRelnChange). Practice makes performance of activity better (for humans). During practice, stakes are not high, there is no audience or boss or teacher (exception: coaching). This unit allows us to say things like (doesInsAsJobWIthRElnType Musician24601 performer Practicing #$subEvents #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument) to say 'Musician24601 plays a musical instrument while practicing'. This way we don't have to make a silly unit like PracticingAMusicalInstrument. For more examples see specs of PerformerArtsEntertainment.- Siegel, May 17, 1996. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'practice' in WordNet: 1. (247) drill, exercise, practice, practise - (learn by repetition; 'We drilled French verbs every day'; 'Pianists practice scales')
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c HumanActivity^c LearningHowToDoSomething^c
Sub-classes	PracticeExercise^c

Practitioner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Practitioner`
Description	A ''Practitioner'' is a Professional person who actually practices the learned profession in which s/he is an expert. This is used mostly for medical or legal practitioners. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'practitioner' in WordNet: 1. (1) practitioner, practician - (someone who practices a learned profession)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c
Sub-classes	Clinician^c

Pragmatic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pragmatic`
Description	''Pragmatic' is a subtype of the attribute 'Clever' that characterizes Persons or Actions that are concerned with achieving realistically achievable results rather than pursuing some ideal. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pragmatic' in WordNet: 3. hardheaded, hard-nosed, practical, pragmatic - (guided by practical experience and observation rather than theory; 'a hardheaded appraisal of our position'; 'a hard-nosed labor leader'; 'completely practical in his approach to business'; 'not ideology but pragmatic politics')`
Super-classes	Clever^c
Sub-classes	Shrewd^c

Prairie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prairie`
Description	A ''Prairie'' is a ''Grassland'' that has few or no ''Tree''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prairie' in WordNet: 1. (2) prairie - (a treeless grassy plain)`
Super-classes	Grassland^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Treeless^c lacks^op value Tree^c

PraiseText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PraiseText`
Description	Each 'PraiseText' is an AbstractText that represents words spoken or written in praise of someone; this AbstractText is created by a 'Praising' event. This type can be used to record the actual words expressed in a 'Praising'. `The WN 'commendation' seems to be placed arbitrarily under 'content' - this type seems closer. Includes noun sense 1 of 'praise' and sense 2 of ''commendation' in WordNet: 1. (5) praise, congratulations, kudos, extolment - (an expression of approval and commendation; 'he always appreciated praise for his work') WN noun 'commendation': 2. approval, commendation - (a message expressing a favorable opinion; 'words of approval seldom passed his lips')`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Praising^c
Sub-classes	Panegyric^c Eulogy^c Acclaim^c Flattery^c Testimonial^c ComplimentText^c

Praisee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Praisee`
Description	A ''Praisee'' is an ''IntelligentAgent'' who is being or has been praised by another ''IntelligentAgent'', i.e. is the 'patient' (direct object) of some specific ''Praising'' Action - The Agent who is praised. Each instance of this is for one specific instance of ''Praising'' - many people can be praised for many things in different Actions. `No WN sense for this word.`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	wasThePatientInAction^op some Praising^c

Praising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Praising`
Description	'Praising' is a LinguisticCommunication in which an IntelligentAgent expresses a belief that another IntelligentAgent has performed some action well. This is an ''ExpressingApproval'' for some Action performed by the praisee. It can be oral or in writing. An act of Praising creates a PraiseText specific to that act,and that PraiseText is the item transferred by the Praising. The Praising does not have to be communicated to the person praised; it may be communicated to others. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of noun sense 1 of 'praise'in WordNet; the linguistic content of a Praising is represented by 'PraiseText' in WordNet: 1. (14) praise - (express approval of; 'The parents praised their children for their academic performance') WN noun 'praise': 1. (5) praise, congratulations, kudos, extolment - (an expression of approval and commendation; 'he always appreciated praise for his work')
Super-classes	GivingCredit^c Informing^c ExpressingApproval^c LinguisticCommunication^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some PraiseText^c produced^op some PraiseText^c hadAffectedAgent^op some Praisee^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	RavingAboutSomething^c Applauding^c Complimenting^c Glorifying^c Commending^c Honoring^c

PraisingGod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PraisingGod`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'praise' in WordNet: 2. praise - (offering words of homage as an act of worship; 'they sang a hymn of praise to God')`
Super-classes	Worshipping^c
Sub-classes	Hallelujah^c

Prana^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prana`
Description	`Two senses in RHW: 1. Yoga, Jainism. the vital principle. 2. Yoga. one of five vital breaths moving in the body.`
Super-classes	ReligiousOrMoralBelief^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value Yoga^c

Prancing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prancing

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prance' in WordNet:
          1. (2) tittup, swagger, ruffle, prance, strut, sashay, cock - 
             (to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others;
             'He struts around like a rooster in a hen house')
        WN noun 'prance':
          1. strut, prance, swagger - (a proud stiff pompous gait)

Super-classes Gait^c
Walking^c

Prank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prank`
Description	CYC: A #$Prank is a mischievous trick or practical joke. `NOTE: the term 'antic' is often used for Actions that are humorous or silly enough to resemble this ''Antic'' but are not intended to amuse. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prank' in WordNet: 2. antic, joke, prank, trick, caper, put-on - (a ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement)`
Super-classes	MisleadingEvent^c AmusementEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Surprise^c mayCause^op value Annoyance^c hasPurpose^op value Amusing^c
Sub-classes	PracticalJoke^c

Praseodymium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Praseodymium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of praseodymium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Praseodymium or PraseodymiumStuff.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'praseodymium' in WordNet:
          1. praseodymium, Pr, atomic number 59 -
              (a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element 
              of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or 
              monazite by an ion-exchange process)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
SolidSubstance^c
RareEarthElement^c

Prayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prayer`
Description	This is an AbstractText, a formal 'prayer' that is written and published for the purpose of being used by adherents of some faith. For the text content of a specific act of praying, use 'PrayerText'. examples: 'the Lord's prayer'; the 'Hail Mary'. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'prayer' in WordNet: 4. (1) prayer - (a fixed text used in praying)`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	Litany^c HailMary^c TheRosary^c OurFather^c

PrayerText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrayerText`
Description	This is the text content of a specific act of 'Praying' For a formal 'prayer' that is written and published for the purpose of being used by adherents of some faith, use 'Prayer'. This distinction is not represented in WordNet. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'prayer' in WordNet: 4. (1) prayer - (a fixed text used in praying)`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Praying^c

Praying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Praying`
Description	SUMO: A formal or informal process of private worship which may or may not be carried out in a ReligiousBuilding. In a Praying, someone addresses God or some saint or other divine being believed to be capable of hearing the prayer. The restriction requires that the communication be either a Requesting, a Thanking, or a Praising; communications with deities that merely transfer information are not classified as 'Praying'. NOTE that the content a 'Praying' is usually a 'Requesting', but can be a giving thanks or a Praising.. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'pray' and to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'prayer' in WordNet NOTE the example in noun sense 1 suggests the action, but the gloss suggests the agent. This is the action - perhaps the example in sense 1 is misplaced; but in COSMO supernatural beings other than God can be addressed.: in WordNet: 1. (21) pray - (address God; say a prayer) WN noun 'prayer' 1. (5) prayer, supplication - (the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving); 'the priest sank to his knees in prayer') 2. (4) prayer, petition, orison - (reverent petition to a deity)
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c (Requesting^c or Thanking^c or Praising^c) ReligiousEvent^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op some SupernaturalBeing^c produced^op some PrayerText^c
Sub-classes	SayingTheRosary^c BlessingEvent^c

PrayingHandsGesture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrayingHandsGesture`
Description	A ''PrayingHandsGesture'' is a ''Gesture'' made by a Person who brings the palms of ''BothHands'' together in front of the chest, pointed upward. This is commonly performed while praying, especially at a religious service, but is also used as a ''GreetingGesture'' by some cultures, as in the Indian ''Namaste'' greeting.
Super-classes	Gesture^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value BothHands^c

Pre-Season^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pre-Season

Description

''Pre-Season'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''PreSeason'' during which the ''GameEvent''s scheduled for the teams of some ''SportsLeague''' prior to the ''RegularPlayingSeason'' are played.

       NO adj sense of 'pre-season' in WN.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Pre-Service^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pre-Service

Description

      MW (online): of, relating to, or taking place during a period of time
           preceding active civil or military service

   'A wiser path of reform is pre-service and in-service training that would 
       equip federal workers with skills for the jobs they actually do'

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Pre-War^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pre-War`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prewar' in WordNet: 1. (3) prewar - (existing or belonging to a time before a war; 'prewar levels of industrial production')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Pre-emptive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pre-emptive

Description

''Pre-emptive'' characterizes an Action taken to prevent some other Event or situation from happening. Thus,it is both ''Anticipatory'' and ''Preventative''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pre-emptive' in WordNet:
         1. preemptive, pre-emptive - (designed or having the power to deter or prevent 
            an anticipated situation or occurrence; 'a preemptive business offer')

Super-classes Preventative^c
Anticipatory^c

Pre-existing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pre-existing

Description

'Pre-existing' is the AttributeValue of something performing a ''PreExisting'' Action, i.e. it existed prior to some Time interval or to the lifetime of some other ''Thing'' (object or Event). 'his pre-existing condition made the infection worse'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pre-existing' in Wordnet:
          1. preexistent, pre-existent, preexisting, pre-existing - (existing previously or before something;
             'variations on pre-existent musical themes')

Super-classes Susceptible^c

PreEminent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreEminent

Description

''PreEminent'' is similar to ''Foremost'' as a subattribute of ''Prominent'' but mostly for ''Person''s that are at the top or one of the topmost in its fields of Activity.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preeminent' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) leading, preeminent - (greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement; 
           'our greatest statesmen'; 'the country's leading poet'; 'a preeminent archeologist')

Super-classes Prominent^c
Eminent^c

PreExisting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreExisting

Description

''PreExisting'' is an ''Action'' in which some Entity exists prior to some other Entity or prior to some TimeInterval.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'preexist' in Wordnet:
        1. preexist - (exist beforehand or prior to a certain point in time; 'Did this condition pre-exist?')

Super-classes RealExistence^c
Action^c

PreHeating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreHeating`
Description	''PreHeating'' is a ''HeatingSomething'' usually used for heating some ''HeatingDevice'', usually some kind of ''Oven'' or ''Furnace''. `Corresponds to veb sense 1 of 'preheat' in WordNet: 1. preheat - (heat beforehand; 'Preheat the oven!')`
Super-classes	HeatingSomething^c PreparingForSituation^c
Restrictions	heats^op some (HeatingDevice^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

PreSeason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreSeason`
Description	''PreSeason''is the ''TimeInterval'' that precedes the 'regulation ''RegularPlayingSeason'' during which some series of ''GameEvent''s are played. During this ''TimeInterval'' the teams practice and may play some ''PreSeason'' games. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preseason' in WordNet: 1. (1) preseason - (a period prior to the beginning of the regular season which is devoted to training and preparation)`
Super-classes	Season^c
Restrictions	isTheTimeOfEvent^op value Practicing^c precedes^op value RegularPlayingSeason^c

PreWarTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreWarTime`
Description	A ''PreWarTime'' is a ''TimeBefore'' some ''War''
Super-classes	TimeBefore^c
Restrictions	precedes^op some War^c

Preacher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preacher`
Description	This ''Preacher'' is a ''Cleric'' in some religious congregation. A ''Preacher'' may have other functions within that congregation. Preaches the Christian ''Gospel'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preacher' in WordNet: 1. (8) preacher, preacher man, sermonizer, sermoniser - (someone whose occupation is preaching the gospel)`
Super-classes	Cleric^c
Sub-classes	Evangelist^c

Preaching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preaching`
Description	''Preaching'' is a form of lecturing that conveys advice (ia a subtype of ''Advising''), in more or less forceful terms, and often on matters of morality. A ''Preaching'' event is not necessarily religious - In COSMO, the term ''Sermon'' is used for a ''Preaching''concerning religious matters. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'preach' in WordNet: 1. (9) preach, prophesy - (deliver a sermon; 'The minister is not preaching this Sunday') 2. (4) preach, advocate - (speak, plead, or argue in favour of; 'The doctor advocated a smoking ban in the entire house')`
Super-classes	Lecture^c Advising^c
Sub-classes	Sermon^c PreachingaReligion^c

PreachingaReligion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreachingaReligion`
Description	''PreachingaReligion'' is an ''AdvocatingaBelief'' in which what is recommended is Belief in a ''Religion''. This is done by proselytizers such as ''Evangelist''s (who preach the Christian relilgion). The only difference of this from the parent type ''AdvocatingaBelief'' is the nature of the Belief advocated. NOTE: this Action can be addressed to an audience that has some members already convinced of the belief that is being advocated, but it is always done in the expectation that some listeners do not already subscribe to the advocated Belief. (if all do it is 'preaching to the choir' or 'preaching to the converted'). RHW 'proselytize': to convert or attempt to convert as a proselyte; recruit. NOTE this is an ''AttemptingActivity''. The WN sense only includes the actual conversion, but this represents the attempt at conversion. Related to part of to verb sense 1 of 'proselytize' in WordNet: 1. proselytize, proselytise - (convert to another faith or religion)
Super-classes	AdvocatingaBelief^c Preaching^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op some ReligiousConversion^c hasTopic^op some Religion^c

Precaution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precaution`
Description	A ''Precaution'' is an AvoidanceAction (a Physical,not a mental action) that is a preventive measure, an action or group of actions that is not aimed at an immediate threat, but at avoiding a foreseeable undesirable ''PossibleFutureLoss'' or ''PossibleFutureDanger''. Thus this type of action has a goal of ''Protecting'' something from harm. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precaution' in WordNet: 1. (5) precaution, safeguard, guard - (a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.; 'he put an ice pack on the injury as a precaution'; 'an insurance policy is a good safeguard'; 'we let our guard down')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c AvoidanceAction^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value Protecting^c wasMotivatedBy^op some PossibleFutureLoss^c
Sub-classes	PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething^c Quarantining^c Ensuring^c HedgingAction^c Forestalling^c

PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething`
Description	The action of ''PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething'' can be any of various Actions such as making a note, tying a string around one's finger, setting an alarm clock, putting a note on a calendar, making or checking a ''CheckList''.
Super-classes	Precaution^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op value OverlookingSomething^c prevents^op value Forgetting^c

Precedence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precedence

Description

This ''Precedence'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' in which some Agent or Group of Agents is viewed as the most favored among others in the same group.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precedence' in WordNet:
         1. (2) precedence, precedency, priority - 
            (status established in order of importance or urgency; 
            '...its precedence as the world's leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals';
            'national independence takes priority over class struggle')

Super-classes SuperiorStatus^c

PrecedenceInTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecedenceInTime`
Description	''PrecedenceTime'' is a ''Quality'' of Events or TemporalLocations that 'precede' (come before) some other Event or TemporalLocation. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'preceding' in WordNet: 2. priority, antecedence, antecedency, anteriority, precedence, precedency - (preceding in time)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt^op some (PrecedingTemporalLocation^c or Event^c or EventType^c or TemporalLocationType^c)

Precedent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precedent`
Description	A ''Precedent'' is some Event (often an Action) that an 'Example' that precedes the Event for which is a precedent, and affects how likely one can consider that similar such Events occur, and, in the case of similar prior Actions, may be considered as support for the propriety of some Agent performing a similar Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precedent' in WordNet: 1. (3) precedent, case in point - (an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time)`
Super-classes	Event^c Example^c
Restrictions	precedes^op value Event^c

Preceding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preceding`
Description	''Preceding'' is an attribute characterizing elements of an OrderedGroup or series of Events that 'come before' a preceding element. For time series, this is to come previously on the timeline; for Groups, abstract or physical, the order of elements depends on how the Group is created - usually, if the elements are numbered, the next lower number is the ''Preceding'' element. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preceding' in Wordnet: 1. (7) preceding - (existing or coming before)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Prenatal^c

PrecedingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecedingAnAgent`
Description	''PrecedingAnAgent'' is an ''Antedating'' in which the Agent performing the the Action performs some HumanRole (such as a position in an Organization) that subsequently is performed by another Person. The Person performing the ''Preceding'' then can be referred to as the ''Predecessor'' (not necessarily the immediate predecessor) of the Person subsequently performing that Role.
Super-classes	Antedating^c Action^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value Predecessor^c

PrecedingTemporalLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecedingTemporalLocation`
Description	''PrecedingTemporalLocation'' is a ''RelativeTemporalLocation'' for Events or TemporalLocations that 'precedes' (come before) some other `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'preceding' in WordNet: 2. priority, antecedence, antecedency, anteriority, precedence, precedency - (preceding in time)`
Super-classes	RelativeTemporalLocation^c
Restrictions	precedes^op some (TemporalLocation^c or Event^c or EventType^c or TemporalLocationType^c)

Precession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precession`
Description	CYC: Gyration of the rotation axis of a spinning object #$PerpendicularTo a #$TorqueVector being exerted to change the direction of the #$PhysicalAxis of rotation. This phenomenon is noticed most frequently in the precession of toy 'gyroscopes' or 'top' that can be set spinning and, when the spinning slows down from friction, the 'physical axis' begins to 'precess', i.e. the line of the axis points at some angle from the vertical that changes only slowly as the slowing progresses, but the direction of pointing moves at approximately the same angle from the vertical, but the top end of the ''PhysicalAxis'' moves in an approximate circle so that the direction of pointing, even if constant relative to the vertical, changes its angle relative to stationary objects in the area. This phenomenon also is reflected in the subtype ''PrecessionOfTheEquinoxes'': Bing dictionary: In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precession' in WordNet: 1. precession - (the motion of a spinning body (as a top) in which it wobbles so that the axis of rotation sweeps out a cone)
Super-classes	MultirevolutionRotation^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value SpinningInaGravitationalField^c
Sub-classes	PrecessionOfTheEquinoxes^c

PrecessionOfTheEquinoxes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecessionOfTheEquinoxes`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precession of the equinoxes' in WordNet: 1. precession of the equinoxes - (a slow westward shift of the equinoxes along the plane of the ecliptic caused by precession of the Earth's axis of rotation)`
Super-classes	Precession^c NaturalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Planet^c wasTheSubjectOfStudy^op value Astronomy^c

Precinct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precinct`
Description	A ''Precinct'' is a ''CityArea'' with borders defined for some specific administrative purpose by that City's leaders. Common examples are the subtypes ''PolicePrecinct'' and ''ElectionPrecinct''. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Geopolitical agents from their areas or regions. This is the Agent - the same WN synset is used for area and region as well Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precinct' in WordNet: 1. (1) precinct - (a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes)`
Super-classes	CityDistrict^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value AdministeringaCity^c
Sub-classes	ElectionDistrict^c PolicePrecinct^c

PrecinctRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecinctRegion`
Description	A ''PrecinctRegion'' is a ''CityArea'' with borders defined for some specic administrative purpose by that City's leaders. Common examples are the subtypes ''PolicePrecinct'' and ''ElectionPrecinct''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precinct' in WordNet: 1. (1) precinct - (a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes)`
Super-classes	CityRegion^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value AdministeringaCity^c

Precious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precious

Description

The property of substances or objects that have a high degree of monetary value, compared with other objects of a similar type. 'precious metals', 'precious stones'. For things that are highly valued by their possessor for reasons other than monetary value, use 'Cherished'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'precious' in WordNet:
        2. (3) precious - (of high worth or cost; 'diamonds, sapphires, 
        rubies, and emeralds are precious stones')

Super-classes Valuable^c

PreciousMetal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreciousMetal`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precious metal' in WordNet: 1. precious metal - (any of the less common and valuable metals often used to make coins or jewelry)`
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c ChemicalElement^c Metal^c
Sub-classes	Silver^c Gold^c Osmium^c Platinum^c Iridium^c

Precipitate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precipitate`
Description	A 'Precipitate' is a SolidSubstance that has been precipitated from a solution. It may itself be insoluble, and be precipitated as soon as it is generated by some chemical reaction, or be precipitated by reducing the temperature of a solution or by evaporating the solvent. `For 'precipitation' as a weather process producing water from the sky, use 'WaterPrecipitationProcess' (or for other materials on other planets, use the parent 'PrecipitationProcess'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precipitate' in WordNet: 1. (1) precipitate - (a precipitated solid substance in suspension or after settling or filtering)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c SubstanceRole^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some PrecipitationFromSolution^c

PrecipitationFromSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecipitationFromSolution`
Description	'PrecipitationFromSolution' is an Event in which some substance solidifies from a solution. It may or may not form particles small enough to settle visibly - usually it does. The formation of the solid material may be simply crystallization of a substance already in solution, or may be due to its formation in a chemical reaction. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'precipitate' in WordNet: 1. (6) precipitate - (separate as a fine suspension of solid particles) WN noun 'precipitation': 2. precipitation - (the process of forming a chemical precipitate)`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Precipitate^c produced^op some SolidSubstanceType^c

PrecipitationParticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecipitationParticle`
Description	A specialization of both #$InanimateThing-Natural and #$Particle. Each instance of #$PrecipitationParticle is a particle of liquid or solid water emitted by a cloud in some instance of #$PrecipitationProcess (q.v.)
Super-classes	InanimateObject-Natural^c TinyObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	FogDroplet^c Snowflake^c Raindrop^c HailStone^c

PrecipitationProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecipitationProcess`
Description	COSMO note: This is actually an Event, not a 'process'. This type refers to some form of material of any composition in solid or liquid form condensing in and falling from the sky - on any planet. For the familiar 'precipitation' of water (as rain, hail, snow) such as on Earth, the more specialized 'WaterPrecipitationProcess' or its subtypes should be used. This does not include precipitation of solids from liquids, as in a chemical reaction - for that type of Event (process) use 'PrecipitationFromSolution'. `It is unclear whether the CYC term includes non-water processes CYC: A specialization of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess, #$FallingEvent, and #$EmittingStuff. Each instance of #$PrecipitationProcess is a meteorological process in which atmospheric clouds precipitate rain, snow, or some other form of precipitation.`
Super-classes	FallingEvent^c EmittingStuff^c ImmediateWeatherProcess^c
Restrictions	produced^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	WaterPrecipitationProcess^c

Precise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precise

Description

an Attribute of ''MeasuringDevice''s that are able to measure with a high degree of 'precision'; and also of measurements that are reproducible to within a small tolerance, even though they may deviate somewhat from the reality being measured. For measurements that conform closely to the reality of what is being measured, use ''Accurate'' (which see). In general, what is often called 'precise' (of measurements) is represented in COSMO as ''Accurate'' But a device called a ''PrecisionInstrument'' is also ''Precise''.

      For the quality of actions that exactly or almost exactly
      achieve their desired effect,use 'Preciseness'.
      For assertions that conform to the reality of the world
      they are intended to represent, use 'Exact'.

     NOTE the distinction between ''Precise'' and ''Accurate''. ''Precise'' can
        be an attribute of a measurement or of a ''MeasuringDevice'', indicating
        that the measurements are reproducible within the expected or designed
        error tolerance of the instrument.  ''Accurate'', however, means that the
        measurement actually conforms to the ***real state of the World situation*** being measured,
        within the expected range of error.  Thus one may have very ''Precise'' measurement
        of, say, a length, reproducible within small error range, *but* if the measuring device
        is not properly calibrated, those ''Precise''measurements may deviate significantly
        from the actual values, which might otherwise be obtained by use of a properly calibrated instrument.
        In general, instruments designed for precision measurements will be properly calibrated and
        will give accurate values.  But this distinction is sometimes necessary.

       Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'precise' in WordNet (but see the paragraph above
          for the technical distinction from ''Accurate''):
         in WordNet:
           2. (3) accurate, exact, precise - ((of ideas, images, representations, expressions) 
             characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct; 
             'a precise image'; 'a precise measurement')

Super-classes Good^c

Precisely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precisely`
Description	''Precisely'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that describes an action that achieves its intended result with a high level of accuracy or 'precision'. This includes measurements as well as verbal statements that precisely describe a situation in WordNet: 2. (2) precisely, exactly, on the nose, on the dot, on the button - (just as it should be; ''Precisely, my lord,' he said') 3. precisely, incisively, exactly - (in a precise manner; 'she always expressed herself precisely')
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Preciseness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preciseness

Description

'Preciseness' is a quality of actions that are conducted with high proximity to the intended and desired effect, asin 'precision measurements' or 'precision manufacturing'. For the quality of instruments that measure with high accuracy, use 'Precise'.

       Corresponds to sense 1 of 'precision' in WordNet:    
       1. (15) preciseness, precision - (the quality of being reproducible 
          in amount or performance; 'he handled it with the preciseness of
          an automaton'; 'note the meticulous precision of his measurements')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Precision^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precision

Description

COSMO note: this type is interpreted as an attribute of a measurement, or of some QuantitativeAttributeValue of an Object. This is not the 'precision' that is an attribute of some person's action. That quality is the QualitativeAttributeValue 'Precise'. A precision will usually be expressed as the standard deviation of a measurements or of the QuantitativeAttribute of some set of similar objects manufactured, e.g. '+-0.01 inch'.

     The Cyc term 'Precision' is also closer in meaning to the COSMO 'Precise'.
     Cyc: The collection of attributes that represent levels
        of precision needed to perform some activity accurately,
        i.e., within a narrow tolerance, whether those bounds be
        spatial (as for physical movements), perceptual, or intellectual.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precision' in WordNet:
             1. (15) preciseness, precision - (the quality of being reproducible 
                in amount or performance; 'he handled it with the preciseness 
                of an automaton'; 'note the meticulous precision of his measurements')

Super-classes PercentageAttributeValue^c

PrecisionInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrecisionInstrument`
Description	A ''MeasuringDevice'' designed to make measurements that are ''Precise''.
Super-classes	MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Precise^c

Precocious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precocious

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'precocious' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) precocious - (characterized by or characteristic of exceptionally early 
           development or maturity (especially in mental aptitude); 'a precocious child'; 
           'a precocious achievement')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Precondition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Precondition

Description

A 'Precondition' is an Event or EventType (past Event or PersistentState) that is a ''Requirement'' for something to happen,or something to be done.

       This is the subtype of ''Requirement'' for Events,alternate  to ''Necessity'' which 
       is the subtype for Objects.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precondition' in WordNet:
             3. precondition - (a condition that is a prerequisite)

Super-classes Requirement^c
Event^c

Predator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predator`
Description	An organism which preys on living animals. Not for the metaphorical sense. @ToDo: needed for sociological uses. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predator' in WordNet: 2. predator, predatory animal - (any animal that lives by preying on other animals)`
Super-classes	WildAnimal^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Preying^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Predatory^c
Sub-classes	Varmint^c Shark^c WildCat^c BigCat^c HuntingAnimal^c BirdOfPrey^c

Predatory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predatory

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'predatory' in Wordnet:
           2. predatory, rapacious, raptorial, ravening, vulturine, vulturous -
              (living by preying on other animals especially by catching living prey; 
              'a predatory bird'; 'the rapacious wolf'; 'raptorial birds'; 'ravening wolves'; 
              'a vulturine taste for offal')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Predecessor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predecessor`
Description	A ''Predecessor'' is a Person who 'precedes' (in time) another Person (a''Successor'') in the Action of filling a HumanRole i.e. the state of the ''Predecessor'' .filling a Role is related by property ''precedes'' to the state of the ''Successor'' filling that Role. See the inverse correlated Role ''Sucessor''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predecessor' in WordNet: 1. (4) predecessor - (one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office))`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value PrecedingAnAgent^c

Predicament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predicament`
Description	A ''Predicament'' is a ''DifficultSituation'' that specifically involves a person and requires some Action that will not be simple to perform,in order to resolve the associated ''ProblemToBeSolved''. The problem may notin practice be feasible to solve. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predicament' in WordNet: 1. (1) predicament, quandary, plight - (a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one; 'finds himself in a most awkward predicament'; 'the woeful plight of homeless people')`
Super-classes	ProblemSituation^c DifficultSituation^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c

Predicate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predicate`
Description	A Predicate is a sentence-forming Relation, distinguished from a Function in the SUMO dialect. For 'predicate' in the grammatical sense where a sentence is formed from a subject and predicate, see 'PredicatePhrase'. . SUMO: Each tuple in a Predicate is a finite, ordered sequence of objects. The fact that a particular tuple is an element of a Predicate is denoted by '(predicate arg_1 arg_2 .. arg_n)', where the arg_i are the objects so related. In the case of BinaryPredicates, the fact can be read as 'arg_1 is predicate arg_2' or 'a predicate of arg_1 is arg_2'. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/)
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	QuintaryPredicate^c

PredicatePhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PredicatePhrase`
Description	A PredicatePhrase is the abstract InformationContent of a 'VerbPhrase' (a linguistic structure), which contains a verb and (possibly) some object. A PredicatePhrase can combine with some semantically appropriate argument (which serves in the role of a Subject in a linguistic sentence) to form a full Assertion. Just as a Sentence can be represented as NP + VP (noun phrase followed by VerbPhrase), an Assertion can be represented as the concatenation of any semantic entity with a PredicatePhrase. A PredicatePhrase is the logical equivalent of a grammatical 'predicate' in those formulations that represent a sentence as consisting of a 'subject and predicate'. NOTE that in COSMO 'PredicatePhrase' is not necessarily a text, though it could be; a 'sentence' can be logically represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verb phrase' and senses 1 and 2 of 'predicate' in WordNet: 1. predicate, verb phrase - (one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements) WN noun 'predicate': 1. predicate - ((logic) what is predicated of the subject of a proposition; the second term in a proposition is predicated of the first term by means of the copula; ''Socrates is a man' predicates manhood of Socrates')
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value VerbPhrase^c
In range of	typically^op

Predictable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predictable

Description

An attribute of Events that can be predicted, given the information available to a particular agent; this notion of 'predictability' needs to be referenced to some particular agent, but by default the agent may be considered to be a typical adult person. This attribute does not imply that something can be predicted by anyone - some information is uusually required to make things predictable.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'predictable' in WordNet:
        1. (5) predictable - (capable of being foretold)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Predictably^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predictably`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'predictably' in Wordnet: 1. predictably - (in a predictable manner or to a predictable degree; 'predictably, he did not like the news')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Predicted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predicted

Description

''Predicted'' is the attribute of something that is expected because of a ''Predicting'' event.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'predicted' in WordNet:
       1. (1) foreseen, foretold, predicted - (known beforehand)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PredictedEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PredictedEvent`
Description	A ''PredictedEvent'' is a ''FutureSituation'' which some agent has predicted (it is the topic of a ''Prediction''). The predicted occurrence of the Event may be conditioned on some controlling circumstances, as in a scientific theory. NOTE that this is a ''FutureSituation'' when the Promise is made, and when the Promise is kept (see ''KeepingaPromise'') it is realized by an executed Action or PersistentState.
Super-classes	FutureSituation^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Predicted^c

Predicting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predicting`
Description	A 'Predicting' is a subtype of ''Foreseeing'', (a type of ''Guessing'') in which the agent of the action has sufficient Belief in the ''Foreseeing'' result that s/he communicates that result to someone else (or makes a record of it). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predict' in WordNet: 1. (29) predict, foretell, prognosticate, call, forebode, anticipate, promise - (make a prediction about; tell in advance; 'Call the outcome of an election')`
Super-classes	Foreseeing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Prediction^c hasSubEvent^op some Communication^c
Sub-classes	Foretelling^c

Prediction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prediction`
Description	Each ''Prediction'' is a LinguisticAssertion about some expected Event that is/was in the future (at the time the Prediction was made). This type of 'Assertion' has as its Topic an 'Expectation' about some 'FutureSituation'. Since every 'Expectation' has as its Topic a 'FutureSituation', the restriction on 'hasTopic' will include a reference to the 'FutureSituation' that is expected and predicted. NOTE that a 'Prediction' may be uncertain and have a probability value attached to it, and that can be asserted by the use of the 'hasProbability' relation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prediction' in WordNet: 2. prediction, foretelling, forecasting, prognostication - (a statement made about the future)
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Predicting^c hasTopic^op value Expectation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Predicted^c hasMainTopic^op some (PredictedEvent^c or FutureSituation^c or FutureSituationType^c)
Sub-classes	Horoscope^c ProjectionOfFutureSituation^c Prognosis^c

Predictive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predictive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'predictive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) predictive, prognostic, prognosticative - (of or relating to prediction; having value for making predictions)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PredictiveInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PredictiveInformation`
Description	''PredictiveInformation'' is 'EvidentiaryInformation' that provides evidence for or allows prediction of some future event. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'predictor' in WordNet: 2. predictor - (information that supports a probabilistic estimate of future events; 'the weekly bulletin contains several predictors of mutual fund performance')`
Super-classes	EvidentiaryInformation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Predictive^c

PredisposingToAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PredisposingToAction`
Description	'''PredisposingToAction'' is an Action of some Agent or situation that causes a tendency ('predisposition') in a PurposiveAgent to perform some Action. The effect is longer-lasting than the more generic ''DisposingAnAgentToAction''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'predispose' in WordNet: 1. predispose - (make susceptible; 'This illness predisposes you to gain weight')`
Super-classes	DisposingAnAgentToAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c)

Predominantly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Predominantly

Description

''Predominantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that the relative frequency of the attribute modified is greater than 0.5, that is, this is the most common attribute of that type for the entity being discussed.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'predominantly' in WordNet:
           1. (2) predominantly, preponderantly - (much greater in number or influence; 
              'the patients are predominantly indigenous')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Preempting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preempting

Description

This sense of ''Preempting'' characterizes an Action that takes the place of some other Action

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'preempt' in Wordnet:
        2. preempt, displace - (take the place of or have precedence over; 
          'live broadcast of the presidential debate preempts the regular news hour';
          'discussion of the emergency situation will preempt the lecture by the professor')

Super-classes ReplacingSomething^c
Preventing^c

PreemptiveAcquisition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreemptiveAcquisition`
Description	'PreemptiveAcquisition'' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent takes possession of something (including something abstrat, like a ''Right'') by acting before another actor can receive it. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'preempt' in Wordnet: 1. (1) preempt - (acquire for oneself before others can do so)`
Super-classes	Receiving^c TakingPossessionOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)

Preface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preface`
Description	Each ''Preface'' is an abstract text that precedes the 'introduction' part, often giving some comments on the origin or purpose of the document. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preface' in WordNet: 1. (1) foreword, preface, prolusion - (a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book)`
Super-classes	IntroductionToDocument^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some AbstractDocument^c

Prefacing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prefacing`
Description	''Prefacing'' is an Action (of writing or speaking) that creates a ''Preface'' (for a text) or 'prefatory pemarks' in an oral presentation such as a ''Lecture'' or ''PublicSpeaking''. `Corresponds to veb sense 1 of 'preface' in WordNet: 1. (1) precede, preface, premise, introduce - (furnish with a preface or introduction; 'She always precedes her lectures with a joke'; 'He prefaced his lecture with a critical remark about the institution')`
Super-classes	CommunicationAct-Single^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (PrefatoryRemarks^c or Preface^c or AbstractDocument^c)

PrefatoryRemarks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrefatoryRemarks`
Description	Each ''PrefatoryRemarks'' is the abstract content of (of writing or speaking) that precedes the ''BodyOfaCommunication''
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Prefacing^c

Prefect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prefect`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prefect' in WordNet: 1. prefect - (a chief officer or chief magistrate; "the prefect of Paris police")`
Super-classes	Administrator^c OfficerInOrganization^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value Prefecture^c

Prefecture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prefecture`
Description	This is a collection of major geopolitical sub-regions analogous to a #$State-UnitedStates in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prefecture' in WordNet: 1. prefecture - (the district administered by a prefect (as in France or Japan or the Roman Empire))`
Super-classes	Jurisdiction^c GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	hasLeader^op value Prefect^c

Preferably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preferably

Description

This ''Preferably'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that asserts that the assertion characterized is the most ''Preferred'' manner to achieve a desired goal (according to the speaker).

      NOTE: the usages in sense 1 may not appear in a syntactically simple form:
        'instead of' and 'rather than' act as prepositions introducing a phrase,
        and 'would rather' may be used in the sense intended here.

    Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'rather' in Wordnet:          
      1. (59) rather, instead - (on the contrary; 'rather than disappoint the children,
         he did two quick tricks before he left'; 
         'he didn't call; rather (or instead), he wrote her a letter'; 
         'used English terms instead of Latin ones')
      3. (6) preferably, sooner, rather - (more readily or willingly; 'clean it well,
        preferably with warm water'; 'I'd rather be in Philadelphia'; 
        'I'd sooner die than give up')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Preference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preference`
Description	A 'Preference' is a Desire to achieve only some subset of possible future states - often only one state out of two possible states. This type applies to preferences for having an object, using a particular object, or performing certain actions, or for avoiding certain conditions ('I prefer a non-smoking room'). Both the noun 'preference' and verb 'prefer' are represented by this type: to 'prefer something' is to 'have a preference', meaning that one has a feeling of preferring one thing to another. The Preference is for a state, but it is often expressed as a 'preference' for an Object, and the whole senstence or context must be used to determine what role that Object would play in the desired situation: a preference for food is a preference to eat certain types of food; a preference for an object may simply be to own the object, or to view it, or to use it in some action 'the carpenter preferred a power screwdriver to the hand tool' (i.e. for driving screws) There are various ways to exress a Preferne, and the various synsets used to label this type have distinguishable meanings. @ToDo: need to disentangle these synsets. In WordNet a 'preference' is a subtype of 'liking', but in COSMO it is not necessary to like something to prefer it - a choice may be the lesser of two evils, or merely a belief in its superiority for some purpose. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'preference' and verb sense 1 of 'prefer' in WordNet; in WordNet: 1. (2) preference, penchant, predilection, taste - (a strong liking; 'my own preference is for good literature'; 'the Irish have a penchant for blarney') 2. (2) predilection, preference, orientation - (a predisposition in favor of something; 'a predilection for expensive cars'; 'his sexual preferences'; 'showed a Marxist orientation')
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Preferring^c
Sub-classes	BehaviorPreference^c HabitualPreference^c

PreferenceForAction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreferenceForAction

Description

A 'PreferenceForAction' is a Preference that motivates an agent to take one particular Action instead of another; the phrases 'instead of' or 'rather than' mark the action that was not taken, in favor of the preferred action; 'rather' or 'instead' by itself marks the preferred action. For this type, the linguistic markers are not themselves the instances of the Preference, but signal the existence of a preference for some action, and mark the action that was or was not preferred.

   Includes noun sense  in WordNet:
      1. (59) rather, instead - (on the contrary; 'rather than disappoint the children,
         he did two quick tricks before he left'; 
         'he didn't call; rather (or instead), he wrote her a letter'; 
         'used English terms instead of Latin ones')

Super-classes BehaviorPreference^c

Preferential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preferential

Description

''Preferential'' is an Attribute of Actions or Rules or Situations created by the Actions of people (such as ''PreferentialTreatment'') that provide some categories of people access to resources before other categories.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preferential' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) discriminatory, preferential - (manifesting partiality; 'a discriminatory tax'; 
            'preferential tariff rates'; 'preferential treatment'; 
            'a preferential shop gives priority or advantage to union members in hiring or promoting')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PreferentialTreatment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreferentialTreatment`
Description	Each 'PreferentialTreatment' is a ''TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay'' such as creating a ''Rule'', that improves the situation more or makes Actions easier for some categories of agents (including people) than for others. `NOTE: a ''PreferentialTreatment'' that is ''Unjust'' is represented as the subtyoe ''DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'preference' in WordNet: 4. preference - (grant of favor or advantage to one over another (especially to a country or countries in matters of international trade, such as levying duties)`
Super-classes	TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Preferential^c produces^op value Advantage^c
Sub-classes	DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup^c

Preferred^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preferred`
Description	''Preferred'' is the attribute of something that is the object (patient) of a ''Preferring'' action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preferred' in Wordnet: 1. (1) preferable, preferred - (more desirable than another; 'coffee is preferable to tea'; 'Danny's preferred name is 'Dan'')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	MostFavored^c Selected^c

PreferredThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreferredThing`
Description	A 'PreferredThing' is the first of two alternatives in an AlternativePair, and, when there are differences in preference or utility, this will be the best choice or 'first choice'. `Corresponds to sense 3 of 'preference' in RHW, but no WordNet synset seems to have this exact meaning. 3. that which is preferred; choice: His preference is vanilla, not chocolate.`
Super-classes	AlternativeThing^c
Restrictions	hasAlternative^op some SubstituteThing^c
Sub-classes	VegetarianCuisine^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_hell

Preferring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preferring`
Description	Each 'Preferring' is a ''Liking'' (a StaticSituation) in which an agent has a stronger feeling of 'Liking'. for one entity rather than some other(s). This implies a Feeling of ''Approval'' for the thing preferred, at least as the better of two choics (or the least of two or more evils). The list of alternatives can be two or any higher number. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prefer' in WordNet: 1. (22) prefer - (like better; value more highly; 'Some people prefer camping to staying in hotels'; 'We prefer sleeping outside')`
Super-classes	Approval-Emotion^c Liking^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value ListOfAlternatives^c hasObjectOfState^op value PreferredThing^c mayCause^op value ExpressingApproval^c
Sub-classes	PreferringVegetarianCuisine^c Favoring^c

PreferringVegetarianCuisine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreferringVegetarianCuisine`
Description	''PreferringVegetarianCuisine''is a 'Preferring' in which the thing preferred is ''VegetarianCuisine''
Super-classes	Preferring^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfState^op value VegetarianCuisine^c hasSubjectOfState^op value Vegetarian^c

Prefix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prefix`
Description	A part of a word preceding a string which itself forms a full word, or is the root of a full word. `It may be part of a full word, as in 'milligrams' or of an abbreviated word, as in mg for 'milligrams'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prefix' in WordNet: 1. (11) prefix - (an affix that is added in front of the word)`
Super-classes	WordString^c LinguisticObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPartOf^op value Word^c
Sub-classes	UOMPrefix^c

Pregnancy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pregnancy`
Description	An instance of #$PhysiologicalConditionType. Each instance of #$Pregnancy is a #$PhysiologicalCondition in which a #$Female #$Mammal carries developing offspring within her/its #$Uterus. Instances of #$Pregnancy are normally brought to an end with an instance of #$BirthEvent. @mod61 NOTE: this is a ''Pregnancy'' (a ''PhysiologicalCondition'') from the point of view of the female carrying the fetus. For the point of view of the fetus, see ''EmbryonicDevelopment'') `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pregnancy' in Wordnet, and to sense 5 of the verb'expect: in WordNet: 1. pregnancy, gestation, maternity - (the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus) WN verb 'expect': 5. (7) have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate, expect - (be pregnant with; 'She is bearing his child'; 'The are expecting another child in January'; 'I am carrying his child')`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op some GestationPeriod^c isInitiatedBy^op value Impregnation^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Pregnant^c isPerformedBy^op value FemaleMammal^c isTerminatedBy^op value BirthEvent^c

PregnancyTermination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PregnancyTermination`
Description	A ''PregnancyTermination'' is a ''PrematureTermination'' of a human pregnancy, including as subtypes the spontaneous unintended and the intended 'abortions'. `Corresonds to part (for unintended spontaneous abortion) of noun sense 1 of 'abortion' in WordNet: 1. (3) abortion - (termination of pregnancy`
Super-classes	PrematureTermination^c Action^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op value Pregnancy^c
Sub-classes	Abortion^c Miscarriage^c

Pregnant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pregnant

Description

''Pregnant'' is an AttributeValue of an organism that is in a state of ''Pregnancy''. This applies to any female Mammal.

        Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'pregnant' in WordNet:
          1. (3) pregnant - (carrying developing offspring within the body
            or being about to produce new life)

Super-classes Abnormal^c

Prehistoric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prehistoric

Description

''Prehistoric'' is an attribute of Events that occurred or objects that existed in a TimeInterval before recorded history (before 10,000 BC). If an object existed back then and still exists, it will also be ''Ancient''. But not all ''Ancient'' things are ''Prehistoric''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prehistoric' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) prehistoric, prehistorical - (belonging to or existing in times 
            before recorded history; 'prehistoric settlements'; 'prehistoric peoples')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Preindustrial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preindustrial

Description

''Preindustrial'' is an attribute of nations or geographical regions whose economy depends mostly on agriculture or hunting/gathering

     Includes adjective sense 1 of 'nonindustrial' and part of adjective sense 2 
        of 'agricultural'  in WordNet:
          1. nonindustrial - (not having highly developed manufacturing enterprises; 'a nonindustrial society')
       WN adj'agricultural':
        2. agrarian, agricultural, farming - (relating to rural matters; 
         'an agrarian (or agricultural) society'; 'farming communities')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PrejudicingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrejudicingaPerson`
Description	''PrejudicingaPerson'' is a kind of Communication in which one ''IntelligentAgent'' caused some Person to acquire some level of a ''Partiality'' for or against some Action or object. `NOTE: this is the result that people attempt to achieve during a debate or when presenting a political speech or an advertisement, whether commercial or political. NOTE: the resulting attitude in the object of this action is a ''Partiality''; a stronger degree of ''Partiality'' is a ''Bias'',and that may be caused by the subtype Action of ''BiasingaPerson''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prejudice' in WordNet: 2. prejudice, prepossess - (influence (somebody's) opinion in advance)`
Super-classes	InfluencingAnAgent^c Communication^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Partial^c hadObjectModified^op value Person^c causes^op value Partiality^c
Sub-classes	BiasingaPerson^c

Preliminary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preliminary

Description

''Preliminary'' is an attribute of some Event in a series of events, (as few as two) specifying that it is the earliest in time of that series. A ''Preliminary'' Action may also have the character of a 'test' or 'trial' but subtypes may be required to be that specific.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preliminary' in Wordnet:
             1. (11) preliminary - (designed to orient or acquaint with a situation 
               before proceeding; 'a preliminary investigation')

Super-classes Initial^c

Prelude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prelude`
Description	A ''Prelude'' is a ''BeginningOfAnEvent'' that precedes something and either is one part of an ActionSeries that is an execution of the initial part of some ''Procedure'', or has some causal effect that causes a subsequent Event. This is broadly applicable to any Even that precedes another Event and has some close relationship to the subsequent Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prelude' in WordNet: 1. (1) preliminary, overture, prelude - (something that serves as a preceding event or introduces what follows; 'training is a necessary preliminary to employment'; 'drinks were the overture to dinner')`
Super-classes	BeginningOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	precedes^op value Sequel^c
Sub-classes	MusicalOverture^c

Premature^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Premature

Description

''Premature'' is an attribute of Events that occur at a time before they are scheduled or expected or normally occur.

   The adverb sense 2 of 'early' in WN includes words that might be
   used as adjectives in this sense:
      2. (6) early, ahead of time, too soon - (before the usual time or the time expected;
        'she graduated early'; 'the house was completed ahead of time')

    as in 'the meeting came to an early end'
       'an early dearture  helped us get there on time'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'premature' in WordNet:
         3. premature, untimely - (uncommonly early or before the expected time; 
          'illness led to his premature death'; 'alcohol brought him to an untimely end')

Super-classes Unusual^c

PrematureTermination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrematureTermination`
Description	A ''PrematureTermination'' is a ''StoppingEvent'' in which the Event stopped would have had a normal (''Conventional'') or natural ''EndPointOfAnEvent'', or could have continued except for the Action of some agent or agentive natural Event, `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'termination' in WordNet: 5. termination, ending, conclusion - (the act of ending something; 'the termination of the agreement')`
Super-classes	Action^c StoppingEvent^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op value Event^c finishes^op some (Event^c or EventType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Premature^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentOverthrow^c PregnancyTermination^c Breakup^c AbortingaAnAction^c Abolishing^c

Prematurely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prematurely`
Description	''Prematurely'' is an adverb typically modifying a past form of verb or past participle characterizing an Event that occurred sooner than it was planned or too soon to have the full intended effect. `NOTE: 'prematurely' haraterizing a ''BirthEvent'' is represented as the subtype ''Prematurely-OfBirth'' Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'prematurely' in Wordnet: 2. prematurely, untimely - (too soon; in a premature manner; 'I spoke prematurely')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Prematurely-OfBirth^c

Prematurely-OfBirth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prematurely-OfBirth

Description

''Prematurely-OfBirth'' is a subtype of 'Prematurely'' characterizing a ''BirthEvent'' that occurred before the fetus had reached full term (about nine months).

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'prematurely' in Wordnet:
           1. prematurely - ((of childbirth) before the end of the normal period of gestation;
               'the child was born prematurely')

Super-classes Prematurely^c

Premier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Premier`
Description	Something that is ''Premier'' is the first of its type that is made known to or available to the public. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'premier' in Wordnet: 2. premier, premiere - (preceding all others in time; 'the premiere showing')`
Super-classes	FirstOfaSeries^c
Restrictions	hasSequentialOrder^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#First^c

Premiere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Premiere`
Description	A ''Premiere'' is an ''EntertainmentPerformance'' that is the first public showing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'premiere' in WordNet: 1. (1) premiere - (the first public performance of a play or movie)`
Super-classes	EntertainmentPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Premier^c

Premises^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Premises`
Description	An Assertion (which may be a combination of Assertions) which is an ''Assumption'' that is taken as a given in a Deductive Reasoning process, and, in combination with the reasoning process, is the Justification of a Conclusion (or inference). This is the Antecedent of a DeductiveArgument. `For ''Premises' that are used in an IF-THEN logical assertion use the subtype ''Antecedent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'premise' in Wordnet: 1. (1) premise, premiss, assumption - (a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; 'on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not play')`
Super-classes	Assumption^c Assertion^c
Sub-classes	Antecedent^c

Prenatal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prenatal

Description

''Prenatal'' is a attribute of something ''Preceding'' a 'BirthEvent''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prenatal' in Wordnet:
           1. prenatal, antenatal, antepartum - (occurring or existing before birth; 
             'the prenatal period'; 'antenatal care')

Super-classes Preceding^c

PrenatalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrenatalEvent`
Description	A ''PrenatalEvent'' is any Event that occurs prior to a ''BirthEvent'' that involves the ''BirthMother''. This can be something done by the ''BirthMother'' or some medical test or procedure performed by a health care worker.
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	occursBefore^op value BirthEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prenatal^c hasParticipant^op value BirthMother^c

Preoccupation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preoccupation`
Description	''Preoccupation'' is a ''MentalState'' in which a Person thinks mostly about some specific topic (of any kind), while other possible topics are ignored or given less time or importance. For an even more focused ''Thinking'' about some topic use subtype ''Concentrating''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preoccupation' in WordNet: 2. (1) preoccupation, preoccupancy, absorption, engrossment - (the mental state of being preoccupied by something)`
Super-classes	MentalState^c Thinking^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c hasTopic^op value SituationProcessEventOrState^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Preoccupied^c
Sub-classes	Concentrating^c Obsession^c

Preoccupied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preoccupied

Description

''Preoccupied''

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preoccupied' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) bemused, deep in thought, lost, preoccupied -
          (deeply absorbed in thought; 'as distant and bemused as a professor 
          listening to the prattling of his freshman class'; 'lost in thought'; 
          'a preoccupied frown')

Super-classes Engrossed^c
Alive^c

Preparation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preparation

Description

A ''Preparation'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' prepared by mixing and possibly treating (by grinding, heating, reaction or other) two or more substances by some procedure to make a PhysicalSubstance for some purpose. This is a very general sense of 'preparation'. this sense can be used to discuss the relative properties of a chemical substance that are prepared by different procedures, or can represent some mixture preopared for medicinal use at a pharmacy.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'preparation' in WordNet:
           2. (7) formulation, preparation - (a substance prepared according to a formula)

Super-classes Role^c
PhysicalSubstance^c

Preparatory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preparatory

Description

''Preparatory'' is the attribute of a ''PreparingForSituation'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preparatory' in Wordnet:
          1. preparatory, preparative, propaedeutic - 
               (preceding and preparing for something; 'preparatory steps')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Prepared^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prepared`
Description	''Prepared'' is an AttributeValue of a Agent or Place that experienced a ''PreparingForSituation'' Action of some kind involving adding or modifying physical objects,, and therefore is capable of being used for some task. NOTE: this is not for food or for intellectual preparation; for intellectual preparedness use ''MentallyPrepared''.. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'prepared' in Wordnet: 1. (14) prepared - (made ready or fit or suitable beforehand; 'a prepared statement'; 'be prepared for emergencies')`
Super-classes	Ready^c Prepared^c
Sub-classes	Equipped^c Prepared^c

PreparedFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreparedFood`
Description	CYC: A subtype of Food-ReadyToEat, which has had some kind of preparation for eating. This excludes freshly plucked fruits or vegetables eaten without preparation, but does not require cooking. `COSMO note: we equate the SUMO 'PreparedFood' with this Type, though in SUMO it is defined as 'Cooked', yet has subtypes like Dough and Butter which are not cooked. This term may be useful to express the same idea as 'ready to Eat', with the additional restriction that it has been prepared in some way.`
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c SolidFoodArtifact^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value PreparedFoodStuff^c
Sub-classes	TakeOutFoodObject^c Sandwich^c BakedFoodObject^c FoodPortion^c PieCrust^c Pie^c FingerFood^c CookedFoodObject^c SliceOfPie^c

PreparedFoodAttribute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreparedFoodAttribute

Description

''PreparedFoodAttribute'' is the parent AttributeValue for the style of preparation of foods, such as the style of cooking or presentation or degree of fragmentation (mashed, diced).

      @ToDo1291 20171215

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PreparedFoodStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreparedFoodStuff`
Description	A ''PreparedFoodStuff'' is a ''Food'' (a substance) that has been processed in some way from its natural (animal or vegetable) state other than being cut away from an animal or picked from the plant.
Super-classes	Food^c ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	MashedPotatoes^c CookedFood^c

PreparingABeverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreparingABeverage`
Description	Making a batch of something drinkable.
Super-classes	PreparingFoodItem^c PreparingFoodOrDrink^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (Beverage^c or BeverageType^c)
Sub-classes	MakingCoffee-TheBeverage^c MakingTea^c

PreparingFoodItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreparingFoodItem`
Description	A specialization of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodItem is an event in which a single item of #$Food is prepared to make it ready to eat. For example, instances of #$MakingToast, roasting a turkey, or #$BakingBread. COSMO note: the WordNet 'cookery' is interpreted boadly to include any style of food preparation, whether or not it involves cooking - salad preparation is included. For food preparation specifically involving cooking, use ''CookingFood''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cookery' in Wordnet: 1. cooking, cookery, preparation - (the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat; 'cooking can be a great art'; 'people are needed who have experience in cookery'; 'he left the preparation of meals to his wife')
Super-classes	PreparingFoodOrDrink^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (SubstanceType^c or FoodType^c or FoodObject^c)
Sub-classes	CulinaryStyle^c HeatingFood^c PreparingABeverage^c CookingFood^c Butchering^c

PreparingFoodOrDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreparingFoodOrDrink`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, this is a mostly physical Event, not mental. Link to 'preparingforSituation' is removed. NOTE that the restriction specifies that this Action may be an execution of a ''Recipe''. Perhaps all ''PreparingFoodOrDrink'' actions are executions of a ''Recipe'', but the Recipe may be something only briefly in the mind of the preparer, and that would not justify making this a required link. Cyc: A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an instance of #$FoodOrDrink is created. An instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink may be an event in which preparation is done 'from scratch', using raw ingredients, or it may be an event in which semi-prepared or 'convenience' products (such as cake mixes, margarita mixes, or frozen foods) are used. Typical sub-events (see the predicate #$subEvents) in instances of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or bartenders, including instances of #$ChoppingSomething, #$CookingFood, #$BakingFood, or #$MixingAlcoholicDrinks. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink ends when the item prepared is ready to eat. Notable specializations of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include #$GrillingFood, #$SteamingFood, and #$PreparingABeverage.
Super-classes	PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink^c PreparingForSituation^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c ImprovementEvent^c ProcessiveEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op only (FoodOrDrink^c or FoodObject^c or FoodType^c) wasaPreparationFor^op value EatingEvent^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Recipe^c
Sub-classes	PreparingABeverage^c PreparingFoodItem^c

PreparingForSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreparingForSituation`
Description	COSMO note: each instance of 'PreparingForSituation' usually starts with some instance of 'MakingaPlan',which would be a subevent of the 'PreparingForSituation' event; i.e. in COSMO, preparing includes planning as a part, and each 'PreparingForSituation' is guided to some extent by a Plan, whether detailed or vague. See 'MakingaPlan' for the formal restriction. NOTE: 'PreparingForSituation' can involved preparing people to handle a specific situation or some type of situation, and this would be a mental preparation. 'PreparingForSituation' also includes preparing objects to be more suitable for some purpose (e.g. preparing a room for a meeting by arranging chairs and audiovisual equipment; or sharpening a knife; or cooking food=preparing food for eating). When preparing people for Actions, this includes either preparing oneself or preparing someone else, or both. A special kind of preparing someone else is 'Training', which is a subtype of this type. NOTE also that, although this type includes the notion of 'preparing' objects or places for some Event, it does not include the act of creating something in a condition where it is already ready for some Event. To be a 'PreparingForSituation' the preparing action must make some modification of the thing that is being prepared, subsequent to its intial creation. This is broader than the Cyc type, including preparation of things and places as well as people. Cyc: The collection of #$PurposefulActions in which an agent prepares for a situation (#$Situation). The action can be entirely mental, as in #$PlanningToDoSomething, or can involve #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvents, for example, buying food as a preparation for cooking a meal. The action may make the situation prepared for more likely to happen or it may have no causal bearing on that situation. For example, preparing for college may make it more likely that the agent will attend college. However, preparing for a power outage by buying a flashlight doesn't make it more likely that the power outage will occur. See also #$PreparingForUndesirableSituation. To relate #$PreparingForSituations to the #$Situations that they prepare for, use the function #$PreparingForFn. To relate #$PreparingForUndesirableSituations to the #$Situations that they prepare for, use the function #$PreparednessFn. See also #$PreventFromHappening and #$PreventionFn. The term 'prep' is used as a short form of 'prepare' but is not in WordNet in that sense. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prepare' and noun sense 1 of 'preparation' in WordNet: 1. (49) fix, prepare, set up, ready, gear up, set - (make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc; 'Get the children ready for school!'; 'prepare for war'; 'I was fixing to leave town after I paid the hotel bill') WN noun 'preparation': 1. (15) preparation, readying - (the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose; 'preparations for the ceremony had begun')
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c Modification^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Preparatory^c mayCause^op value Readiness^c wasaPreparationFor^op some (EventType^c or FutureSituation^c)
Sub-classes	Ensuring^c Practicing^c TeeingUp^c Editing^c Rehearsing^c PreparingFoodOrDrink^c HoldingAnEvent^c MarshallingResources^c MakingArrangements^c WarmingUp^c Pretest^c Training^c TillingSoil^c TargetingaWeapon^c Shopping^c PreHeating^c PrimingaPump^c
In domain of	wasaPreparationFor^op

PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink`
Description	'PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink' is merely the union of 'PreparingFoodOrDrink' and 'EatingEvent', created to specify the function of a 'FoodUtensil'.
Super-classes	Action^c
Sub-classes	PreparingFoodOrDrink^c ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c

PreponderatingOverSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreponderatingOverSomething

Description

''PreponderatingOverSomething'' is a subtype of ''DominatingSomething'' in which the criterion for 'dominating' is the strength of evidence or the importance of the things being compared.

      This is not for control or physical attributes (see ''"Outweighing'' for physical attribute
         comparisons).

         Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'preponderate' in WordNet:
           2. (2) preponderate, outweigh, overbalance, outbalance - (weigh more heavily)

Super-classes DominatingSomething^c

Preposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preposition`
Description	A Preposition is the first word of a PrepositionalPhrase. Some Prepositions may also be used as verb complements or particles. It is one of the classical parts of speech. A Preposition takes a noun phrase and generates a prepositional phrases that can function as an adverb or as a noun modifier. Logically, many prepositions will be represented by relations: for example, in the sentence 'Jack wrote the article in his office' the phrase 'in his office' modifies the writing action, and would be represented by a relation such as: {{Jack wrote (the Article)} occurredAt JacksOffice} where {Jack wrote (the Article)} is the Action of Jack writing the article, and 'occurredAt' is a relation that specifies the location where an Event occurred. `Prepositions will in general also be LogicalFunctions (see LogicalFunction). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preposition' in Wordnet: 1. (2) preposition - (a function word that combines with a noun or pronoun or noun phrase to form a prepositional phrase that can have an adverbial or adjectival relation to some other word)`
Super-classes	ClosedClassWord^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Under http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Among http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#amid http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#About http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Along http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#concerning http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#per http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#underneath http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#re http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#while http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#upon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#in http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#against http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Through http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#outside http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inside http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#during http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#of-Prep http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#throughout http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Over http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#priorTo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#regardlessOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#onto http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#to http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#with http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#excluding http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#from http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#beside http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#including http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#toward http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Across http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#at http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#on http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#for http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#into http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#without http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#by http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#before http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#beyond http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#via http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#versus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#notwithstanding http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Around

PrepositionalPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrepositionalPhrase`
Description	CYC: The collection of all possible prepositional phrases. `SUMO: A Phrase that begins with a preposition and that functions as an Adjective or an Adverb. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prepositional phrase' in WordNet: 1. prepositional phrase - (a phrase beginning with a preposition)`
Super-classes	GrammaticalConstituent^c WordString^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Preposition^c beginsWithSubstring^op value Preposition^c

Presbyterian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presbyterian`
Description
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

PresbyterianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PresbyterianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Presbyterian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Presbyterian - (a follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church)`
Super-classes	ProtestantPerson^c

Preschool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preschool`
Description	An ''EducationalOrganization'' that trains ''HumanPreschooler''s. in basic social and intelletual skills prior their attending ''GrammarSchool''. "taughtStudent Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preschool' in WordNet: 1. preschool - (an educational institution for children too young for elementary school)
Super-classes	EducationalOrganization^c
Restrictions	taughtStudent^op value HumanPreschooler^c

Prescribed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prescribed`
Description	order, prescribe, dictate Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'prescribed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) prescribed - (set down as a rule or guide) 2. (1) appointed, decreed, ordained, prescribed - (fixed or established especially by order or command; 'at the time appointed (or the appointed time'))
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Solid^c

Prescriber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prescriber`
Description	An instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity, and a specialization of #$MedicalCareProfessional. Each instance of #$Prescriber is a person who can prescribe medication. Instances include doctors, as well as non-physician prescribers.
Super-classes	MedicalCareProfessional^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value PrescribingMedication^c
Sub-classes	NonPhysicianPrescriber^c Nurse^c Orthodontist^c Dentist^c MedicalDoctor^c

PrescribingAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrescribingAnAction`
Description	`NOTE: this is not intendedto be an 'ordering' that is issued with the threat of negative conseqences for failure to follow; it is closer to to a 'recommending where the thing recommended is some Action or Procedure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prescribe' in WordNet: 1. (8) order, prescribe, dictate - (issue commands or orders for)`
Super-classes	RecommendingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Action^c

PrescribingMedication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrescribingMedication`
Description	''PrescribingMedication'' is an ''Action'' in which a licensed ''Prescriber'' writes (or electronically authorizes) a ''Precription'' that allows a patient to obtain a ''prescription drug' legally. `Corresponds to part (not really an 'order') of verb sense 1 of 'prescribe' in WordNet: 1. (8) order, prescribe, dictate - (issue commands or orders for)`
Super-classes	Requesting^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Prescriber^c hadObjectCreated^op some DrugPrescription^c

PrescriptionDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrescriptionDrug`
Description	A specialization of #$DrugProduct. The collection of drugs that require a doctor's permission before obtaining or consuming them. See also #$DrugPrescription, #$prescribedDrug, #$prescriptionFilled and #$prescriptionFor. `NOTE: whether a drug requires a doctor's permission is highly context dependent; it varies with country and with time in each country. This is a Role. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'medicine' in WordNet: WN 'medicine'; see also 'PresciptionDrug' 2. (3) medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug - ((medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease)`
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c Role^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op value DrugPrescription^c
Sub-classes	Barbiturate^c

Presence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presence`
Description	'Presence' is a subtype of 'BeingInProximity' which some Object or Substance is located not merely 'Nearby' but 'at' (in some sense, adjacency or containment or location) in some Place for some TimeInterval. One purpose of this type is to represent the notion that when an object 'arrives at' or 'is put at' some place, it is at that place for some interval of time after the arrival or putting. This is intimately related to 'locatedAt', but is an aspect of that relation that is represented by a PersistentState. This allows certain assertions that would be awkward to represent otherwise. To represent the fact that an Object is known not to be in a particular location, use 'Absence'. 'Presence' can be used to indicate the presence of substances (e.g. toxic waste) at a location. The thing that has a presence is specified as the object of the relation 'hadMainParticipant'. `NOTE: see 'BeingInProximity' for a comment on the need to add a second participant to this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Presence' (but not the general notion of 'existence somewhere' - this is relative to a specific location) in WordNet: 1. (33) presence - (the state of being present; current existence; 'he tested for the presence of radon') WN verb 'lie': 1. (89) lie - (be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position)`
Super-classes	BeingInProximity^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op some ThingPresent^c occursAt^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	HumanOccupancy^c BeingBetweenObjects^c FlankingSomething^c BeingSlanted^c BeingInaPlace^c

Present^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Present

Description

A 'Present' is a Gift that is a PhysicalObject given to a person, usually for some occasion, such as a birthday or wedding. 'a birthday present'; 'a wedding present'. If a Gift is known to be a PbysicalObject and is given to a person directly, it can be assumed to be a Present. A 'Gift Certificate', or a Savings Bond, or currency, if in the form of a PhysicalObject given directly to a person is an instance of 'Present'; the monetary value or abstract value is an attribute of the Present. Gifts given to organizations such as charities are Gifts, but not 'Presents'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'present' and a subset of noun sense 1 of 'gift' in WordNet:
         1. (8) gift - (something acquired without compensation)
        WN 'present':
        2. (4) present - (something presented as a gift; 'his tie was a present from his wife')

Super-classes PhysicalObject^c
Gift^c

Present-NotAbsent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Present-NotAbsent`
Description	''Present-NotAbsent'' is a property of an Object or Event exists in some particular TimeAndPlace or in some Context. This is the opposite of ''Absent''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'present' in Wordnet: 2. (47) present - (spatial sense; being or existing in a specified place; 'the murderer is present in this room'; 'present at the wedding'; 'present at the creation')`
Super-classes	ExistenceValue^c
Sub-classes	Ubiquitous^c

Presentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presentation`
Description	A ''Presentation'' is a ''RevealingSomething'' and a ''Lecture'' where a 'presenter' who is also a 'speaker' talks about a topic to an audience using some form of visual aids - these days, computer display with PowerPoint or the equivalent, in older times slide shows or 'overhead' projections or paper/cardboard illustrations on a easel. This can be informal,as when people show the slides of photos taken on some trip. `For a 'demonstration' of how something works use ''Demonstrating'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'presentation' (not including 'demonstration') in WordNet: 3. (4) presentation, presentment, demonstration - (a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view; 'the presentation of new data'; 'he gave the customer a demonstration')`
Super-classes	Narrating^c Performance^c Lecture^c ShowingSomething^c StatingSomething^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value FormalMeeting^c usesResource^op value VisualAid^c isPerformedBy^op value Presenter^c

PresentationPoster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PresentationPoster`
Description	A ''PresentationPoster'' is a ''NoticeSign'' that contains visual information to be shown at a ''Presentation'' or similar Event and is of the size appropriate to sut onto an ''Easel'' for viewing by the audience. Height and Width range from 20 cm to 100 cm. Usually made of some form of stiff paper. This includes the smaller and simpler 'posters' seen at 'poster sessions' at conferences. `Corresponds to a specialized part of noun sense 1 of 'poster' in WordNet: 1. (1) poster, posting, placard, notice, bill, card - (a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement; 'a poster advertised the coming attractions')`
Super-classes	NoticeSign^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Presentation^c

Presenter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presenter`
Description	A ''Presenter'' is a ''Speaker'' who orally delivers a ''Presentation''. A Group of ''Presenter''s is represented as the ''Speakers'' for that . `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'public speaker' (for ''Presentation''s) in WordNet: 1. orator, speechmaker, rhetorician, public speaker, speechifier - (a person who delivers a speech or oration)`
Super-classes	Speaker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Presentation^c

PresentingAnAward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PresentingAnAward

Description

A ''PresentingAnAward'' is a formal ''Ceremony'' that is an ''AwardingAnHonor'' in which a person (or person representing an Organization) gives an HonorAward (an abstract MentalObject) to another person at a public ''Ceremony''..

     Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'award' and part of sense 6 of 'present' 
        in WordNet:
       1. (3) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward;
            'bestow honors and prizes at graduation')
      WN noun 'presentation':
        1. (5) presentation - (the activity of formally presenting something (as a prize or reward); 
          'she gave the trophy but he made the presentation')

Super-classes AwardingAnHonor^c
Ceremony^c

PresentingaDisplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PresentingaDisplay`
Description	A ''PresentingaDisplay'' is a ''DisplayingAction'' in which some Person plans (a ''PlanningAnOperation'') or arranges some form of ''DisplayingAction'' or ''DramaticPerformance'', whether or not the Person doing the planning is present at the Display or Performance itself. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'presentation' in WordNet: 2. (4) presentation - (the act of making something publicly available; presenting news or other information by broadcasting or printing it; 'he prepared his presentation carefully in advance')`
Super-classes	DisplayingAction^c
Restrictions	showsEvidenceOf^op value Skill^c wasPerformedByAgent^op min 1

PresentingaGiftOrHonor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PresentingaGiftOrHonor`
Description	A GivingEvent in which a person (or person representing an Organization) gives a PhysicalObject to another person in the presence of other people. The presenting occasion may be informal, as in giving Presents at a wedding shower, or formal, as in presentation of a Noble Prise a Medal of Honor, an Olympic Medal. For the award of an academic degree use 'AwardingaDegree'. For awarding an Honor, use 'AwardingAnHonor. Note that when an Honor is awarded together with a medal or other token, it is an instance both of 'PresentingaGiftOrHonor' and 'AwardingAnHonor'. Includes verb sense 6 and part of verb sense 4 of 'present' and sense 1 of 'award' in WordNet: ('submit' is excluded), and part of verb sense 7 of 'present' (it must be a physical object given in person); and part of verb sense 1 of 'award' (where a physical object is given as a symbol of the honor) 4. (13) present, submit - (hand over formally) 6. (3) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') 7. (3) give, gift, present - (give as a present; make a gift of; 'What will you give her for her birthday?') WN 'award' 1. (7) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation')
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Endowing^c AwardingAnHonor^c

Preserve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preserve`
Description	'preserve' is a preparation made from Fruit, made stable by cooking and sweetened with sugar. `If it contains solid parts of crushed fruit and is not jellied, it is the subtype 'Jam' If made modtly from the fruit juice and jellied containing 'FruitFood' together with possible other ingredients, especially sweeteners. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'preserve' in WordNet: 3. conserve, preserve, conserves, preserves - (fruit preserved by cooking with sugar)`
Super-classes	FruitFood^c CookedFood^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value CrushedFruit^c

Preserving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preserving`
Description	Any Action whose purpose is to keep some PhysicalObject in a state that is considered desirable, under circumstances where some change could occur to make it less desirable. This sense includes actions that maintain a static condition, such as keeping food in a refrigerator or freezer, and actions that actually change the properties of an object so as to make it less likely to deteriorate, such as with food and documents; that active sense of 'preserving' is represented as subtype 'ConservingAnObject' `This is a broad sense including verb senses 2,3,4,5, and 6 of 'preserve' in WordNet: 3. (9) save, preserve - (to keep up and reserve for personal or special use; 'She saved the old family photographs in a drawer') 5. keep, preserve - (maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger; 'May God keep you') 6. preserve - (keep undisturbed for personal or private use for hunting, shooting, or fishing; 'preserve the forest and the lakes')`
Super-classes	KeepingSomething^c MaintainingAnObject^c Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value DeteriorationEvent^c
Sub-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c PreservingFood^c ConservingAnObject^c

PreservingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreservingFood`
Description	A specialization of both #$ManipulatingFoodOrDrink and #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. Each instance of #$PreservingFood is an event in which a single item of food or drink (an instance of the collection #$FoodOrDrink) is acted on to prevent it from spoiling (see the collection #$Spoiling) `'preserve' verb sense 4 in Wordet: 4. (1) preserve, keep - (prevent (food) from rotting; 'preserved meats'; 'keep potatoes fresh')`
Super-classes	Preserving^c ConservingAnObject^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value SpoilingOfFood^c hadObjectPreserved^op some (FoodObject^c or FoodType^c)
Sub-classes	SmokingFood^c Pasteurization^c CanningFood^c

Presidency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presidency`
Description	'A 'Presidency'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) achieved by acceding to the office of ''President'' (of any Organization). As with 'EmploymentPosition'' generally, this position need not be paid. `NOTE that this differs from the WN gloss,which indicates this it the position ('office'). But in COSMO this is the ''PersistentState'' performed by a President while in office (the 'functions' s/he actually performs).. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'presidency' in WordNet: 2. presidency, presidentship - (the office and function of president; 'Andrew Jackson expanded the power of the presidency beyond what was customary before his time')`
Super-classes	EmploymentPosition^c SuperiorStatus^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value PresidentOfOrganization^c

President-CorporateOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#President-CorporateOfficer`
Description	CYC: A collection of people. An instance of #$President-CorporateOfficer is designated as 'President' on the official records of the company or corporation for which s/he works. Every company has a President. A company president is often also the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and there is no superior authority in the company other than the Board of Directors and its Chairperson. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'president' in WordNet: 1. (14) president - (an executive officer of a firm or corporation)`
Super-classes	Executive^c BusinessPerson^c CorporateOfficer^c PresidentOfOrganization^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op some Corporation^c of^op some Corporation^c

President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState is a person who holds the title of president of some #$Country, whether that title belongs to a position which is #$HeadOfState or #$HeadOfGovernment (or both). Examples: Boris Yeltsin, #$BillClinton, Jiang Zemin, Lee Dung-Hui. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'president' in WordNet: 3. (5) president - (the chief executive of a republic)`
Super-classes	HeadOfState^c PresidentOfOrganization^c
Restrictions	of^op some Country^c isTheLeaderOf^op some Country^c
Sub-classes	UnitedStatesPresident^c

PresidentElect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PresidentElect`
Description	A ''PresidentElect'' is a ''Politician'' who won a Presidential election but has not yet been sworn into office. In the United States, the period between election and taking office is more than two months; that is when a winner of a presidential election has the title 'President Elect'.
Super-classes	Politician^c Electee^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value BecomingElected^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elected^c

PresidentOfOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PresidentOfOrganization`
Description	CYC: A collection of people. An instance of #$PresidentOfOrganization is a person who is among the highest leaders of some organization. Presidents often represent their organizations to outside entities, and may or may not have day-to-day authority within their organizations. The CYC gloss allows a President to be ceremonial rather than administrative - true in some governments, but in commercial organizations? NOTE: The thing presided over by a ''President'' is any form of ''Organization'', including committees that are organized on a temporary basis without written rules, but with a strcture that gives the ''President'' some significant form of control. There is typically only one ''President'' in any given Organization. @ToDo: add type 'ParentOrganization' and make that the ''Context'' for the uniqeness?? Is there rever more than one ''President'' in a conglomerate of companies? How to represent that? COSMO note: in WN 'president' and 'chairman' are synonyms, but the atual usage differs in many cases, so ''Chairman'' is a sibling type. Corresponds to part (does not include chairpersons - see ''ChairPerson'') of noun sense 4 of 'president' in WordNet: 4. (3) president, chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson - (the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization; 'address your remarks to the chairperson')
Super-classes	UniqueThingInaContext^c HeadOfAnOrganization^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Presiding^c inContext^op value Organization^c
Sub-classes	President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState^c President-CorporateOfficer^c

Presidential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presidential

Description

''Presidential'' is the attribute of something that pertains to a President generally or in the USA more specifically to the ''UnitedStatesPresident''. The presidents of corporations are not usually referred to as 'presidential'.

    Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'presidential' in WordNet:
      1. (8) presidential - (relating to a president or presidency; 
           'presidential aides'; 'presidential veto')
  2. presidential - (befitting a president; 'criticized the candidate for not looking presidential')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Presiding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presiding`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'preside' in WordNet: 1. (3) preside - (act as president; 'preside over companies and corporations')`
Super-classes	ControllingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value PresidentOfOrganization^c

PressRelease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PressRelease`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'press release' in WordNet: 1. handout, press release, release - (an announcement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation)`
Super-classes	Announcement^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op value ThePress^c

PressingSomethingFlat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PressingSomethingFlat`
Description	Each 'PressingSomethingFlat' is an Action in which a Person presses some object between two flat surfaces (as in ironing clothing) so as to make the object flat (or less wrinkled). This includes pressing flowers or other objects that are not originally flat. `Includes senses 4 and 12 of 'press' in WordNet; ironing (sense 12 ) is the included subtype 'IroningClothing': in WordNet: 4. (2) press - (place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure; 'pressed flowers') 12. iron, iron out, press - (press and smooth with a heated iron; 'press your shirts'; 'she stood there ironing')`
Super-classes	Smoothening^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c SqueezingEvent^c ApplyingAPressure^c
Sub-classes	Ironing^c

PressingWithaFinger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PressingWithaFinger`
Description	A ''PressingWithaFinger'' is a ForceTransmissionEvent in which some object is touched by a ''Finger'' (or perhaps two?) with sufficient force to (at least) activate an ElectricDevice, as with pressing a ''ControlButton'' or pressing a video screen that is programmed to accept such control inputs. 'Swiping' a screen (e.g. on a smartphone) would be a subtype. `Includes buttons on a touch-tone telephone. 'Press 1 for yes, Press 2 for no' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'press' in WordNet: 1. (32) press - (exert pressure or force to or upon; 'He pressed down on the boards'; 'press your thumb on this spot')`
Super-classes	ForceTransmissionEvent^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Finger^c

PressingaButton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PressingaButton`
Description	Each 'PressingaButton' is an Action in which an animal (usually a Person) presses a button or key on a device (usually with the finger) so that the device will do whatever it is supposed to do when the button is pressed. This can be for an on/off button or for a key on some keyboard, or any other button-like component whose preseing causes a device to do something. Flipping a switch from one position to another is also an instance. `The restriction requires a finger to press the button, though occasionally the heel of the hand might be used. refinement?? Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'press' in WordNet: 1. (32) press - (exert pressure or force to or upon; 'He pressed down on the boards'; 'press your thumb on this spot')`
Super-classes	ApplyingAPressure^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Finger^c hadObjectTouched^op value ControlButton^c

Pressure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pressure`
Description	NOTE: in Cyc 'Pressure' is the actual measure, not the attribute type, so the usage of the term differs though the concepts are related. In COSMO, the measured value of a Pressure is a 'PressureMeasure'. Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Pressure is a specific measure of a force exerted on some surface. Degrees of #$Pressure may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions or with qualitative collections (e.g., #$BruisingPressure, #$FracturingPressure, #$ImperceptiblePressure). Indicate the #$Pressure of a particular fluid with the predicate #$fluidPressure (q.v.); indicate atmospheric pressure with #$barometricPressure (q.v.). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'pressure' in WordNet, which seems to conflate the measurement with the type of attribute: in WordNet: 1. (155) pressure, pressure level, force per unit area - (the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); 'the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure')
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	GasPressure^c BloodPressure^c

PressureGauge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PressureGauge`
Description	A 'PressureGauge' is a 'DisplayDevice' that shows a 'PressureMeasure'; it may be part of a larger device, but PressureGauges' often are stand-alone attachments to some enclosed system of conduits, so this is considered as a MeasuringDevice as well as a DisplayDevice `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pressure gauge' in WordNet: 1. pressure gauge, pressure gage - (gauge for measuring and indicating fluid pressure)`
Super-classes	Gauge^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value PressureMeasure^c
Sub-classes	Sphygmomanometer^c

PressureMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PressureMeasure`
Description	PressureMeasure is the class of UnitsOfMeasure used to measure pressure (barometricPressure), e.g., InchMercury. Note that 'Pressure' is a subtype of AttributeType and a 'PressureMeasure' is the actual measure of the attribute 'Pressure' for cases where that attribute may make sense. The WordNet gloss on 'pressure conflates these two senses. `In the phrase 'measure the pressure', the 'pressure' is represented by the AttributeType 'Pressure' and the mesaured pressure is an instance of 'PressureMeasure'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'pressure' in WordNet: 1. (155) pressure, pressure level, force per unit area - (the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); 'the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure')`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	MmMercury^c InchMercury^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PR_760mm

PressureUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PressureUnit`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses Pressure (force divided by area) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pressure unit' in WordNet: 1. pressure unit - (a unit measuring force per unit area)`
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#newtons http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#mmHg

PressurizedGas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PressurizedGas`
Description	A Gas that has a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure at sea level. Such a Gas, if not confined in a sealed container, will expand until it reaches atmospheric pressure. If in a sealed container, it creates an outward force on the container walls that could cause the container to break, depending on the strength of the container and the pressure of the Gas. The CarbonDioxide above the liquid in an unopened CarbonatedBeverage container is a PressurizedGas. The gases generated by an Explosion are a PressurizedGas.
Super-classes	Gas^c

Prestidigitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prestidigitation`
Description	A ''Prestidigitation'' is a 'MagicTrick' that is accomplished and depends on the deft and clever maneuvering of the hands to as to hide the actual Action of the Magician and appear to be 'magic'. Often depends on 'misdirection' - causing the audience's attention to look elsewhere other than where the 'magic' action is. `NOTE that 'legerdemain' is considered as synonymous with 'sleight of hand' in RHW, but not in WN. That label is included in the parent ''MagicTrick'' but a text citing 'legerdemain' should only be labeled that way for Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prestidigitation' in WordNet: 1. prestidigitation, sleight of hand - (manual dexterity in the execution of tricks)`
Super-classes	MagicTrick^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value MagicAction^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Magician^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c

Prestige^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prestige`
Description	''Prestige'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state of a Person) achieved by performing one or more instances of ''ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction''. This state is a high degree of standing that one agent has in the eyes of others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prestige' in WordNet: 1. (11) prestige, prestigiousness - (a high standing achieved through success or influence or wealth etc.; 'he wanted to achieve power and prestige')`
Super-classes	GoodReputation^c SuperiorStatus^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction^c isPerformedBy^op value Celebrity^c
Sub-classes	Greatness^c

Presumed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presumed

Description

''Presumed'' is the attribute of something (including other atributes) that resulted from an ''Assuming'' Action. The adjective 'presumed is often used with 'to', as in 'presumed to know' or 'presumed to be' 'missing and presumed dead'

        No WN sense of adj. 'presumed'

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Presupposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presupposing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'presuppose' in Wordnet: 2. (2) presuppose, suppose - (require as a necessary antecedent or precondition; 'This step presupposes two prior ones')`
Super-classes	Implying^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Indirect^c

Pretence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pretence`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pretence' in WordNet: 3. pretense, pretence, feigning, dissembling - (pretending with intention to deceive)`
Super-classes	Deceit^c
Sub-classes	Pretext^c

Pretending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pretending`
Description	Most commonly, an Event in which some IntentionalAgent attempts to deceive some IntentionalAgent in some regard, by actions rather than solely by simple assertions. This includes both play-acting and actual attempts at Deceiving for bad pruposes. A person may play-act for his/her own entertainment (as with a child, possibly deceiving herself - making believe something is true), and that will also be an instance of 'Pretending'. Pretending will usually be performed by humans or human groups, but the potential agents for Pretending are left (v 0.36) at the level of 'IntentionalAgent' which includes some animals (such as mammals), just in case it is shown that they also perform some level of intentional deception. This does not, however, include unintentional mimicry that has evolved in some species of animals as defense mechanisms (how to distinguish in animals?). NOTE that this is the attempt at deception. Successful deception (or acts evaluated as sucessful deception) are categorized under the subtype 'Deceiving'. Also, the scope of 'Pretending' does not require that the pretender expects the audience to believe the pretense, since 'Acting' is included, where all that is required is 'a willing suspension of disbelief'. Cyc: A specialization of #$HumanActivity and #$PurposefulPhysicalAction. Each instance of #$Pretending is an action in which a person pretends that something is true. NOTE: SUMO includes Deceit, but in COSMO 'Deceiving' is a separate type. SUMO: Any SocialInteraction where a 'IntentionalAgent' or Group of 'IntentionalAgent's attempts to make another 'IntentionalAgent' or Group of 'IntentionalAgent's believe something that is false. This covers deceit, affectation, impersonation, and entertainment productions, to give just a few examples. Includes verb senses 1 and 5 of 'pretend' amd sense 1 of 'make believe' in WordNet: 1. (12) feign, sham, pretend, affect, dissemble - (make believe with the intent to deceive; 'He feigned that he was ill'; 'He shammed a headache') 5. make, pretend, make believe - (represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like; 'She makes like an actress') WN noun 'pretense': 1. (1) pretense, pretence, pretending, simulation, feigning - (the act of giving a false appearance; 'his conformity was only pretending')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	hasThingCopiedOrImitated^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Feinting^c Deceiving^c Acting^c Bluffing^c

PretendingRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PretendingRole`
Description	'PretendingRole' is the root category for certain concepts that are referred to as 'Roles' but have a different meaning from other types of 'Roles' (such as 'Part'). the most prominent subtype of 'PretendingRole' is 'DramaticRole', the kinds of 'roles' that actors play in presentations of a 'DramaticPerformance'. But there are other types of 'PretendingRole' - such as a dummy subroutine that might be included in a computer program at some stage of development, that does not have the functionality of the routine as designed, but is used for test purposes during development. Entities that play such a role are related to the role by the relation 'playsTheRoleOf'.
Super-classes	Role^c
Sub-classes	DramaticRole^c

PretendingRoleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PretendingRoleType`
Description	'PretendingRoleType' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of PretendingRole as their argument. This may be used as the type for subclasses of 'DramaticRole'
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	DramaticRole PretendingRole

Pretentious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pretentious`
Description	Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pretentious' in Wordnet: 1. pretentious - (making claim to or creating an appearance of (often undeserved) importance or distinction; 'a pretentious country house'; 'a pretentious fraud'; 'a pretentious scholarly edition')
Super-classes	Conspicuous^c

Pretest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pretest`
Description	An ''Pretest'' is a ''TestingEvent'' that is performed prior to some other Action to determine if the thing tested will be suitable for that Action to be sure the Action is properly prepared for. `No sense of 'pretest' in WN. This is generic and includes the testing of devices and of People: 1. an advance or preliminary testing or trial, as of a new product. 2. a test given to determine if students are sufficiently prepared to begin a new course of study.`
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c TestingEvent^c Observing^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op value Action^c hadObjectMeasured^op only (Object^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c or Group^c) precedes^op some ActionType^c

Pretext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pretext`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pretext' in WordNet: 1. (1) pretext, stalking-horse - (something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason)`
Super-classes	Pretence^c

Pretty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pretty`
Description	'Pretty' is a specialization of 'Attractive' used for for objects and music. When used for people, its use is restricted to females. For good-looking males use 'GoodLooking'. This is very similar to GoodLooking, but used in slightly different ways. For people, 'pretty' should imply that the thing described is a female. But 'a pretty dress' is a common usage. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pretty' in WordNet: 1. (20) pretty - (pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing; 'pretty girl'; 'pretty song'; 'pretty room')`
Super-classes	Attractive^c
Sub-classes	Colorful^c StunninglyBeautiful^c

PrettyWoman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrettyWoman`
Description	A ''PrettyWoman'' is a ''Woman'' who is ''Pretty'' (common usage for a female ''GoodLooking'' person).
Super-classes	Woman^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GoodLooking^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pretty^c
Sub-classes	BeautifulWoman^c

Pretzel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pretzel`
Description	This is the collection of pretzels. A pretzel is a wheat flour based baked good which is in the shape of a narrow cylinder, often twisted into the familiar pretzel shape. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pretzel' in WordNet: 1. pretzel - (glazed and salted cracker typically in the shape of a loose knot)`
Super-classes	Biscuit^c SolidFoodArtifact^c SnackFood^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value KnotShaped^c hasTaste^op value SaltyTasting^c

Prevailing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prevailing`
Description	''Prevailing'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' where the Attribute is ''MostCommon''. The things that are most common can be of any type. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'prevail' in WordNet (being larger in number): in WordNet: 1. (6) predominate, dominate, rule, reign, prevail - (be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance; 'Money reigns supreme here'; 'Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value MostCommon^c

PrevailingOpinion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrevailingOpinion

Description

''PrevailingOpinion'' about ay topic or topics in general is often referred to as 'mainstream thinking'. THe 'mainstream' can refer to any specific topic, broad or narrow.

      People who agree with the 'mainstream' are considered as 
         'in the mainstream'.

    Includes noun sense 1 of 'mainstream' and sense 3 of its parent concept
          'thought' in WordNet:
       1. mainstream - (the prevailing current of thought; 
          'his thinking was in the American mainstream')
       WN noun 'thought':
         3. (12) thought - (the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual;
           '19th century thought'; 'Darwinian thought')

Super-classes Belief^c
BeliefSystem^c

PrevailingoverAnOpponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrevailingoverAnOpponent`
Description	''PrevailingoverAnOpponent'' is a ''WinningaContest'' after a long hard-fought struggle. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'prevail' in WordNet: 4. (2) prevail, triumph - (prove superior; 'The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight')`
Super-classes	WinningaContest^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some Struggle^c

Prevalence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prevalence`
Description	This is a quantity that is used as part of a Distribution. A Prevalence is an OrderedPair expressing the quantitative intensity of some one AttributeValue out of set of attribute values that may be had by one object in a population. This is a general type of Measurement that might be included in a Distribution. The first element of the pair is AttributeValue, behavior, opinion, or any other having a particular frequency in a population; the second element is the frequency; This can be a percentage value or an absolute number or some other measure. This can be used to represent the values on a bar chart, being the thing that is being measured and the quantitative measure attributed to that thing. This type has a structure similar to an Attribute (dimension and value), but can be used to describe things that are not attributes (such as the percentage of a population giving an answer to a question). A Prevalence is one of the elements of a Distribution, and is meaningful primarily in association with Distributions. For example, a Prevalence could be the number of individuals in a Group that are in a particular height range; or the percentage of individuals in a group that give a certain answer to a certain question; or the value of something at one of a series of time points. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'prevalence' in Wordnet: 2. prevalence - ((epidemiology) the ratio (for a given time period) of the number of occurrences of a disease or event to the number of units at risk in the population)
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c
Sub-classes	AnswerPrevalence^c

Preventative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preventative`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preventative' and sense 'preventive' of in Wordnet: 1. preventive, preventative - (tending to prevent or hinder) WN adj 'preventive': 3. cautionary, preventive, prophylactic - (tending to ward off; 'the swastika...a very ancient prophylactic symbol occurring among all peoples'- Victor Schultze)`
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Pre-emptive^c Preventive^c Contraceptive^c

Preventing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preventing`
Description	The general sense of acting so as to avoid a change from some existing state to an undesirable state. Linguistically, this notion is expressed by phrases such as 'keep oneself healthy', 'prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'keep the enemy from entering'; 'prevent an attack'.'keep the dog from running outside'. The thing prevented is not necessarily a harmful thing, and is not necessarily the action of another agent. The thing prevented is an Event, but in the linguistic expression the Event may be represented by a complex phrase such as 'prevent the dog from going into the neighbor's yard'. The way the Event is described appears to be the main difference between senses 1 and 2 in WordNet (sense 2 appears to require specifying an Agent and the use of the phrase 'from [doing something]', The sense of keeping an Agent from doing something is treated in COSMO as a subtype of this type. The linguistic analyzer will need to interpret actions with a 'from' as the thing prevented. The restriction requires that Events that are classified as 'Preventing' specify the type of Event that is prevented. This includes defense against natural forces as well as animate opponents; the more specific subtype 'Protecting' is a keeping from harm, and its subtype 'Defending' is an act of protecting against an attack by an opponent Similar to Cyc 'PreventFromHappening' Cyc A collection of events. Each instance of #$PreventFromHappening is an event which is the prevention of another event from taking place. For example, the act of a police officer stopping a crime in progress would be the prevention of a crime. To relate #$PreventFromHappenings to the events that they prevent, use the function #$PreventionFn. Corresponds to both verb senses 1 and 2 of 'prevent', and noun sense 1 of 'prevention' in WordNet; sense 2 is the subtype 'KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething' in WordNet: 1. (63) prevent, forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid - (keep from happening or arising; make impossible; 'My sense of tact forbids an honest answer'; 'Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project') 2. (40) prevent, keep - (prevent from doing something or being in a certain state; 'We must prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'His snoring kept me from falling asleep'; 'Keep the child from eating the marbles') WN noun 'prevention': 1. (17) prevention, bar - (the act of preventing; 'there was no bar against leaving'; 'money was allocated to study the cause and prevention of influenza')
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c BlockingAction^c
Restrictions	prevents^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	Nonproliferation^c BreakingAnElectricalCircuit^c PlayingDefense^c ForbiddingEntry^c IntentionalForgetting^c KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c PreventingLoss^c Forestalling^c PreventingInjury^c Preserving^c Interdiction^c BalancingAnObject^c KeepingSomething^c Protecting^c Preempting^c BirthControl^c RestrainingEmotion^c Pasteurization^c

PreventingInjury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreventingInjury`
Description	''PreventingInjury'' is any Action taken by a Device or a Person to avoid some Animal ''IncurringAnInjury''.
Super-classes	Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value IncurringAnInjury^c
Sub-classes	PreventingSunburn^c

PreventingLoss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreventingLoss`
Description	''PreventingLoss'' is an Action that prevents some form of loss - Personal, Heath, Financial, etc.
Super-classes	Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss^c

PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss`
Description	''PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss'' is an Action that prevents incurring ''MedicalExpenses'' (a ''FinancialLoss'' due to some ''MedicalCareEvent'').
Super-classes	PreventingLoss^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value LosingSomething^c

PreventingSunburn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreventingSunburn`
Description	''PreventingSunburn'' is any Action taken to avoid getting ''Sunburn'' when exposed to the ''Sunlight-Direct''. This can be wearing certain clothing, movig to a shaded area,or using a substance such as a ''Sunscreen''.
Super-classes	PreventingInjury^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value Sunburn^c

PreventingTerrorism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreventingTerrorism`
Description	''PreventingTerrorism'' is a ''Forestalling'' that prevents acts of ''Terrorism''.
Super-classes	Forestalling^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value Terrorism^c isAnExecutionOf^op value CounterTerrorism^c

Preventive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preventive

Description

''Preventive'' is a subattribute of ''Preventative'' more specifically referring to objects and actions that tend to or are intended to prevent any ''AilmentCondition''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preventive' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) preventive, preventative, prophylactic - (preventing or 
               contributing to the prevention of disease; 'preventive medicine'; 
               'vaccines are prophylactic'; 'a prophylactic drug')

Super-classes Preventative^c

Previewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Previewing`
Description	Each instance of ''Previewing' is a 'Viewing' of some Live or recorded Performance, before it is performed in or released to its ultimate intended audience. This may be for 'previewng' a ''Movie'' before its wide distribution, or for previewing some live presentation to one Person or a small group before it is performed to a larger audience. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'preview' in WordNet: 1. preview - (watch (a movie or play) before it is released to the general public)`
Super-classes	Viewing^c
Restrictions	occursBefore^op some Performance^c

Prey^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prey

Description

An organism which is hunted by a ''Predator'' Not for the metaphorical sense. @ToDo: needed for sociological uses.

       NOTE: as of Rev1361 this is classified as a subtype of ''GameAnimal''
       because predators can be said to 'hunt' their prey - but that is perhaps
       stretching the meanings. Needs to be differentiated?.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prey' in Wordnet:
         2. (2) prey, quarry - (animal hunted or caught for food)

Super-classes Role^c
GameAnimal^c
WildAnimal^c

PreyForCriminals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PreyForCriminals`
Description	Each ''PreyForCriminals'' consists of a ''Person'' who some criminal(s) intend to exploit, by deception or violence, for their own gain. If the plan is successful, that ''PreyForCriminals'' will become a ''VictimOfaCrime''. `Is an 'intended victim' Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'target' and noun sense 9 of 'mark' in Wordnet: 2. (4) prey, quarry, target, fair game - (a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence; 'he fell prey to muggers'; 'everyone was fair game'; 'the target of a manhunt') WN noun 'mark': 9. chump, fool, gull, mark, patsy, fall guy, sucker, soft touch, mug - (a person who is gullible and easy to take advantage of)`
Super-classes	Person^c Target^c
Sub-classes	Patsy^c

Preying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Preying`
Description	This ''Preying'' is for the action of a ''Predator'' that feeds on other animals or their eggs. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prey' in WordNet: 2. raven, prey, predate - (prey on or hunt for; 'These mammals predate certain eggs')`
Super-classes	Foraging^c Hunting^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Predator^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some CapturingAnAnimal^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some EatingEvent^c

Price^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Price`
Description	Each value of the 'Price' attribute (pointed to by the 'takesValue' relation) is a ''MonetaryValue'' of some Thing that might be offered for sale, which points to a 'MoneyMeasure', i.e. a quantity of Money in some currency that must be given in exchange for some valuable thing (usually a ''ProductObject'' or a service), in a Buying event. This sense includes a measure of what price a thing is likely to bring if offered for sale, even though it may not be offered for sale. For an actual asking price of an item offered for sale, use 'AskingPrice'. To represent a price per unit or per quantity for some type of goods, subtypes of Price can be used. To used the bare relation 'hasPrice' on an instance of an Object will imply that the price refers to that individual item only (e.g. a house for sale or some item at an auction) rather than for any item of that given type, or for some quantity of a goods sold in bulk. To represent a price per quantity of something, one may create a class of things in that quantity (see comments in the 'hasPrice' relation) and use the 'hasPrice' relation, or use the subproperty 'PricePerUnit'. NOTE that the ''AskingPrice'' is one subtype of this concept. Includes noun sense 2 of 'price' and sense 2 of 'cost' in WordNet: 2. (85) monetary value, price, cost - (the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold); 'the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver'; 'he puts a high price on his services'; 'he couldn't calculate the cost of the collection')
Super-classes	MonetaryValue^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value ProductObject^c
Sub-classes	RetailPrice^c AskingPrice^c

PriceGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PriceGroup`
Description	A PriceGroup is a Group of Prices - not necessarily organized in List form. The common term 'price list' can be represented by this type. NOTE that this Group contains only Prices, but each of those can be a PricePerUnit, with detailed information.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Price^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SR-WatchungPricesWeek20080524

PriceMarkup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PriceMarkup`
Description	A ''PriceMarkup'' is an ''AttributeType'' that specifies what part of the ''AskingPrice'' of a Thing for sale is the ''MonetaryValue'' (an attribute, not a ''MoneyMeasure'') of the ''Profit'' that the seller obtains above the actual cost to the seller of the Thing sold. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'markup' in WordNet: 1. markup - (the amount added to the cost to determine the asking price)`
Super-classes	MonetaryValue^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value AskingPrice^c

PricePerTimeUnit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PricePerTimeUnit

Description

Each instance of 'PricePerTimeUnit' is a Price (a MoneyMeasure) in some currency that must be given for each unit of time, in exchange for the use during that time of some valuable thing, such as an apartment, an automobile, or (in the case of borrowed money) the use of some money.

    Instances of 'PricePerTimeUnit' specify a 'MoneyMeasure' and a 'RateUnit'.

    As a 'ConstantQuantity', this will have two components: a number and
       a unit which is in MonetaryUnits per unit time.

Super-classes ConstantQuantity^c

PricePerUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PricePerUnit`
Description	Each instance of PricePerUnit is a Price (a MoneyMeasure) in some currency that must be given in exchange for some quantity of some type of valuable thing, in a Buying event. NOTE that this is a MoneyMeasure, not a specialization of the generic attribute 'Price'. NOTE that to specify the price for a unique individual item, one may use a simple MoneyMeasure. This type is used when one wants to specify a Price for some quantity of commodity, or for any item of a given type, or to specify the time or location where the price applies. NOTE: that to specify that a Price holds for some interval of time, the instance of PricePerUnit should also be represented as an instance of TimeSlice, and the start and end times for that price can be represented using the relations 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint'. Instances of 'PricePerUnit' use specialized relations to specify the type, quantity, and where (from which vendor), a particular price applies. See relations: hasCommodityType, isOfferedByVendor, hasQuantityUnit, hasPriceValue, offeredPriceAppearsIn The Wordnet noun sense 1 of 'Price' does not distinguish between the generic AttributeType 'Price' and a specific price (MoneyMeasure) for specific items, so this corresponds to part of sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (580) price, terms, damage - (the amount of money needed to purchase something; 'the price of gasoline'; 'he got his new car on excellent terms'; 'how much is the damage?')
Super-classes	MoneyMeasure^c
In domain of	hasQuantityUnit^op hasPriceValue^op isOfferedByVendor^op offeredPriceAppearsIn^op hasCommodityType^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SR20080524_3PoundsPerDollar

PriceReduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PriceReduction`
Description	''PriceReduction'' is a 'Reduction' in the price of some product or service relative to a higher price it had at a previous time. `Corresponds to CYC 'Discounting'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discount' in WordNet: 1. (1) discount, price reduction, deduction - (the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise) WN verb 'discount': 2. discount - (give a reduction in price on; 'I never discount these books-they sell like hot cakes')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Discounted^c

PricingaProduct^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PricingaProduct

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pricing' in WordNet:
          1. (3) pricing - (the evaluation of something in terms of its price)
       WN verb 'price':
         1. (4) price - (determine the price of; 'The grocer priced his wares high')

Super-classes MarketingActivity^c

Prick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prick`
Description	A ''Prick'' is a small and shallow ''Puncture'', usually on the skin of a Person or other animal, created by a ''Pricking'' action.. `RHW sense 1 of 'prick': a puncture made by a needle, thorn, or the like. No corresponding noun sense of 'prick' in WN.`
Super-classes	Puncture^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Pricking^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Pricking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pricking`
Description	''Piercing'' is a type of ''PiercingSomething'' that creates a ''Prick'' (a small and shallow ''Puncture''). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prick' and noun sense 4 of 'prick' in WordNet: 1. (3) prickle, prick - (make a small hole into, as with a needle or a thorn; 'The nurse pricked my finger to get a small blood sample') WN noun 'prick': 4. prick, pricking - (the act of puncturing with a small point; 'he gave the balloon a small prick')`
Super-classes	PiercingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Prick^c

Prickle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prickle`
Description	The small sharp process on some part of a plant other than the stem or branch. `Plant objects that are ''Prickly'' have ''Prickles'' like these. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'prickle', but does not include the ''Thorn''s on the stem: in WordNet: 1. spine, thorn, prickle, pricker, sticker, spikelet - (a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf)`
Super-classes	PointyEndedObject^c MarbleSizedObject^c SpineSpikeOrQuill^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 2.5^c

Prickly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prickly

Description

The property of SolidObjects that have multiple barbs or spikes or thorns (e.g. ''Prickle''s) sticking out from their surface, like a Cactus or a burr or 'prickly pear cactus' fruit, or a porcupine. The barb does not have to be a PlantPart. To be 'Prickly' means to have multiple pointy-ended spikes sticking out from the main body of the object - but NOTE: this is a @default@ property, which is expected to be true of typical objects having this AttributeValue; any given instance can be shorn of its spikes or thorns and still be an instance of the type. An object that is 'Prickly' is not necessarily barbed at every region on it surface.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'prickly' in WordNet:
        2. barbed, barbellate, briary, briery, bristled, bristly,
            burred, burry, prickly, setose, setaceous, spiny, thorny -
            (having or covered with protective barbs or quills or spines 
            or thorns or setae etc.; 'a horse with a short bristly mane'; 
            'bristly shrubs'; 'burred fruits'; 'setaceous whiskers')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PricklyPear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PricklyPear

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prickly pear' in WordNet:
         1. prickly pear, prickly pear cactus - 
             (cacti having spiny flat joints and oval fruit that is edible 
             in some species; often used as food for stock)

Super-classes Cactus^c

Pride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pride`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Pride is some agent's feeling of self-esteem based upon her actions, possessions, accomplishments, or relationships. Instances of #$Pride vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object of the feeling. Specializations of #$Pride include #$Vanity, #$PrideOfMembership, and #$Triumph-TheFeeling. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'pride' in WordNet: 1. (6) pride, pridefulness - (a feeling of self-respect and personal worth) 2. (5) pride - (satisfaction with your (or another's) achievements; 'he takes pride in his son's success')`
Super-classes	Approval-Emotion^c EmotionalState^c DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Self-Esteem^c Dignity^c Elation^c Arrogance^c

PrideOfLions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrideOfLions`
Description	A GroupOfAnimals of which each element is a Lion, usuaully closely related to the other Lions in the Group. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'pride' in WordNet: 4. pride - (a group of lions)`
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Lion^c

Priest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Priest`
Description	Person, usually male, who has received Holy Orders in a Catholic or Orthodox or Epicospalian church. For priests in non-Christian religions (e.g. the high priest of ancient Judaism), use the more general 'Cleric'. A Protestant minister is represented as 'Minister'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'priest' in WordNet: 1. (10) priest - (a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders)`
Super-classes	Cleric^c
Sub-classes	OrthodoxPriest^c Bishop-Clerical^c Vicar-Priest^c

Priesthood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Priesthood`
Description	A ''Priesthood'' is a ''ProfessionalGoup'' that is ''ReligiousGroup'' consisting of ''Priest''s that serves as leaders of some Group with a specific religious Belief. `The members need not be Christian ''Priest''s, but can be authoritative memers of any Religion, including ancient ones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'priesthood' in WordNet: 1. priesthood - (the body of ordained religious practitioners)`
Super-classes	ProfessionalGoup^c ReligiousGroup^c
Restrictions	hasAnInterestIn^op value Religion^c hasMember^op value Priest^c hasMember^op value Cleric^c

PrimaDonna^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimaDonna`
Description	A ''PrimaDonna' is a ''Person'' who is vain (''Conceited'') and therefore acts in a manner that is annoying or offensive to others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prima donna' in WordNet: 1. prima donna - (a vain and temperamental person)`
Super-classes	DisagreeablePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conceited^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Offending^c

Primacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Primacy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primacy' in WordNet: 1. (1) primacy - (the state of being first in importance)`
Super-classes	Importance-Status^c
Restrictions	isaHigherLevelOf^op value Importance-Status^c

PrimalIndigenousReligion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimalIndigenousReligion`
Description	(ISO18025) Original or primitive religions in an area including animism, shamanism, spirit-worship, ancestor veneration, polytheism, and pantheism; usually exclusive to a particular tribe or people..
Super-classes	Religion^c
Sub-classes	Animism^c

Primary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Primary

Description

'Primary' is an attribute of things - people, resources - that are considered - for some purpose(s) - as the first thing to be considered, or as the first things that had a major effect on some event. This is close in sense to 'Principal' but has more of a sense of priority in time, whereas 'Principal' does not need to have anyreference to time in order for the attribute to be meaningful. Something 'Primary' is not necessarily Important.

          Relation to 'Principal'?

      Corresponds to parts of adjective senses 1 and 3  'primary' 
       (examples: 'primary goals' 'primary sources' 'a primary interest' and
         'policemen were primary targets', when the intent is to specify 
          what is considered *first* in a situation)
     in WordNet:
       1. (16) primary - (of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate 
           rather than secondhand; 'primary goals'; 'a primary effect'; 'primary sources';
           'a primary interest')
       3. (7) chief, main, primary, principal - (most important element;
            'the chief aim of living'; 'the main doors were of solid glass';
            'the principal rivers of America'; 'the principal example';
            'policemen were primary targets')

Super-classes Salient^c
FirstOfaSeries^c

PrimaryAmine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimaryAmine`
Description	A ''PrimaryAmine' is an ''Amine'' with an ''AminoGroup', i.e. a (-NH2) group. `UCLA chem dictionary: Primary amine (1^0 amine): An amine in which the amino group is directly bonded to one carbon of any hybridization which cannot be a carbonyl group carbon. No specific WN sense.`
Super-classes	Amine^c
Restrictions	hasChemicalGroup^op value AminoGroup^c
Sub-classes	Aniline^c

PrimaryColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimaryColor`
Description	Any of the set of Colors which can be blended to form any other color and which cannot be derived from any other colors.
Super-classes	Color^c

Primate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Primate`
Description	An instance of #$BiologicalOrder, and a sub-taxon of #$Eutheria. Each instance of #$Primate has a relatively large brain case, an unfused radius and ulna in the forelimbs, an unfused tibia and fibula in the hind limbs, and opposable thumbs. Notable specializations of #$Primate include #$Person, #$Orangutan, #$Gorilla, and #$Baboon. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'primate' in WordNet: 2. primate - (any placental mammal of the order Primates; has good eyesight and flexible hands and feet)`
Super-classes	FrontAndBackSidedObject^c TerrestrialOrganism^c PlacentalMammal^c
Sub-classes	Ape^c Monkey^c Hominid^c

Prime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prime`
Description	'Superlative' is an AttributeValue that expresses the opinion that the thing characterized is much better than the average for its category. For 'prime' relative to food quality use ''PrimeQuality'' Includes adjective sense 1, 3, and 5 of 'prime' in WordNet: 1. (6) premier, prime - (first in rank or degree; 'an architect of premier rank'; 'the prime minister') 3. (2) choice, prime, prize, quality, select - (of superior grade; 'choice wines'; 'prime beef'; 'prize carnations'; 'quality paper'; 'select peaches') 5. prime, meridian - (being at the best stage of development; 'our manhood's prime vigor'- Robert Browning) WN adj 'premium': 1. (1) premium - (having or reflecting superior quality or value; 'premium gasoline at a premium price')
Super-classes	Superlative^c
Sub-classes	PrimeQuality^c

PrimeNumber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimeNumber

Description

An Integer that is evenly divisible only by itself and 1.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of prime number'' and sense 1 of 'prime' in WordNet:
       1. (2) prime, prime quantity - (a number that has no factor but itself and 1)
     WN noun 'prime'
       1. prime number - (an integer that has no integral factors but itself and 1)

Super-classes Integer^c

PrimeOfLife^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimeOfLife

Description

';PrimeOfLife;' is the LifeStage that a Person is in after maturing and reaching the peak of productivity and before the inevitable loss of abilities with old age has begun..

    'Cut down in the prime of life'.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prime of life' in WordNet:
     1. prime, prime of life - (the time of maturity when power and vigor are greatest)

Super-classes AdultStage^c

PrimeQuality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimeQuality

Description

''PrimeQuality'' (or 'prime' or 'choice') is the AttributeValue assigned to certain commercial products that are rated as within the top tier of quality (out of several) in their category. Similar to 'best' but for broader and vaguer characteristics.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'prime' in WordNet:
       3. (2) choice, prime, prize, quality, select - (of superior grade;
           'choice wines'; 'prime beef'; 'prize carnations'; 'quality paper'; 'select peaches')

Super-classes Prime^c

PrimeTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimeTime`
Description	''PrimeTime'' is the ''TimeInterval'' from 7 p.m. to 11 p.m. (in each local time zone), when the viewing audience for television broadcasts is largest. This is significant for 'ratings' (audience size) of shows and for advertisers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prime time' in WordNet: 1. (1) prime time - (the hours between 7 and 11 p.m. when the largest tv audience is available)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasEndingTimePoint^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PM_11_00^c hasStartingTimePoint^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PM_7_00^c

Primer-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Primer-Physical`
Description	Each ''Primer-Physical'' is a ''TextBook-Physical'' used for teaching the basic elements of some subject. `@ToDo: need 'basic' 'introductory', 'elementary', 'advanced' for complexity of studies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primer' in WordNet: 1. (1) primer - (an introductory textbook)`
Super-classes	TextBook-Physical^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Studying^c

Primeval^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Primeval

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'primeval' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) aboriginal, primal, primeval, primaeval, primordial -
              (having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state;
              'aboriginal forests'; 'primal eras before the appearance of life on earth';
              'the forest primeval'; 'primordial matter'; 'primordial forms of life')

Super-classes Pristine^c

PrimingaPump^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimingaPump`
Description	''PrimingaPump'' is the act of adding liquid to a pump to remove air that would interfere with the pumping process. This 'filling' even need not be a complete filling, just enough to get the pump operating properly. `NOTE: the WN gloss seems to refer to 'priming' a carburetor but that sense is not included here. Perhaps a parent type could include both senses? Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'prime' in WordNet: 3. prime - (fill with priming liquid; 'prime a car engine')`
Super-classes	AddingEvent^c FillingWithFluid^c PreparingForSituation^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value Pump^c hadObjectMoved^op value LiquidObject^c usedSubstance^op value Liquid^c wasaPreparationFor^op value PumpingFluid^c

Primitive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Primitive

Description

''Primitive''is the general attribute for entities that have a low level of development or have functionality at or close to what is found in nature, sch as 'primitive weapons' or 'primitive tools'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'primitive' and sense 2
       of 'rudimentary' in Wordnet:
       1. (8) crude, primitive, rude - (belonging to an early stage
           of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often)
           crudeness; 'the crude weapons and rude agricultural implements
           of early man'; 'primitive movies of the 1890s';
           'primitive living conditions in the Appalachian mountains')
      WN adj 'rudimentary':
        2. (1) rudimentary - (being in the earliest stages of development; 
          'rudimentary plans')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

PrimitivePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimitivePerson`
Description	A ''PrimitivePerson'' is any ''Person'' of any age or sex who lives in a culture that is or could have been lived over fifteen thousand years ago. There are some modern isolated groups that fit into this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primitive person' in WordNet: 1. primitive, primitive person - (a person who belongs to an early stage of civilization)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Sub-classes	CaveMan^c

PrimitiveWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimitiveWeapon`
Description
Super-classes	Device-UserPowered^c Weapon^c
Sub-classes	Tomahawk^c Catapult^c Club-Weapon^c Sword^c Arrow^c Bow-Weapon^c Spear^c

Primogeniture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Primogeniture`
Description	This type ''Primogeniture'' represents the actual Right possessed by the ''EldestSon''. The tradition of 'primogeniture' (conferring special rights on the ''EldestSon'') is represented by ''PrimogenitureTradition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primogeniture' in WordNet: 1. primogeniture - (right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son)`
Super-classes	RightOfInheritance^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op value EldestSon^c isaFreedomToDo^op value InheritingProperty^c

PrimogenitureTradition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrimogenitureTradition`
Description	The ''PrimogenitureTradition'' is a "CulturalPractice'' in some cultures, in which the ''EldestSon'' ('firstborn') inherits all or the most important part of the property of the parents, and the father's title of nobility (if any), and possibly other Rights. `NOTE: the term 'primogeniture' in COSMO is primarily used for the ''Right'' of primogeniture, but here the term represents the ''CulturalPractice'' of conferring the ''Primogeniture'' right on firstborn sons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primogeniture' in WordNet: 1. primogeniture - (right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son)`
Super-classes	CulturalPractice^c
Restrictions	createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op value Primogeniture^c

Prince^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prince`
Description	CYC: The collection of all princes, or male persons who hold hereditary princely titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This includes sovereign, hereditary, courtesy and other princes. It excludes the co-princes of the #$CoPrincipality of #$Andorra. See also #$Princess. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prince' in WordNet: 1. (1) prince - (a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign))`
Super-classes	MemberOfTheNobility^c MalePerson^c
Sub-classes	Prince-HeadOfState^c

Prince-HeadOfState^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prince-HeadOfState

Description

CYC: The collection of all sovereign #$Princes of countries, which are usually monarchies and always Principalities.

      WordNet 'prince' excludes the role of sovereign, but COSMO
      follows Cyc in allowing a Prince to be a sovereign (in a
      principality)

      in WordNet:
        1. (1) prince - (a male member of a royal family other than
           the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign))

Super-classes HeadOfState^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c
Monarch-HeadOfState^c
Prince^c

Princess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Princess

Description

CYC: The collection of all princesses, or female persons, whether sovereign or not, who hold hereditary princely titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy). This excludes female Co-princes of #$Andorra. See also #$Prince.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'princess' in WordNet:
          1. princess - (a female member of a royal family 
            other than the queen (especially the daughter of a sovereign))

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c
MemberOfRoyalty^c

Principal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Principal

Description

'Principal' is an attribute of things - people, events, objects - that are considered - by some person(s) for some purpose(s) - as most important in some respect. This could be solely a result of having the largest size or being quantitatively largest in some respect. This is a subtype of 'Important' and a higher degree of 'Salient', and is inconsistent with 'Uninteresting'.

          Relation to 'Primary'?

    This is an attribute that can be used to mark things that
    an agent should keep in mind.

    NOTE that RHW includes 'head' as a synonym of 'principal', but that meaning is not in Wordnet.
    LDOCE uses 'head' as an adjective, so that sense is included here.
    RHW 'head' adj: first in rank or position; chief; leading; principal: a head official.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'principal', sense 1 of 'main', sense 1 of 'chief'
        and senses 1 and 3 of 'primary'  in WordNet (there is no adjective sense of 'head'):
   in WordNet:
      WN 'prinicipal':
       1. (19) chief, main, primary, principal - (most important element; 
         'the chief aim of living'; 'the main doors were of solid glass'; 
         'the principal rivers of America'; 'the principal example'; 
         'policemen were primary targets')
       WN 'primary':
       1. (16) primary - (of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate 
           rather than secondhand; 'primary goals'; 'a primary effect'; 'primary sources';
           'a primary interest')
       3. (7) chief, main, primary, principal - (most important element;
            'the chief aim of living'; 'the main doors were of solid glass';
            'the principal rivers of America'; 'the principal example';
            'policemen were primary targets')

Super-classes Important^c

Principle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Principle`
Description	A Principle is a Rule. This is the most general sense of 'principle', which has multiple nuanced subsenses. The variations in usage are wide enough to make it difficult to discern any common core of meaning more specific than 'rule', but one can identify Rules (such as laws or grammatical rules) that are not Principles. In general, a principle is a Rule that derives from something innate in the character of an action, rather than a rule imposed by fiat; it is a proposition about conduct that is considered true (by someone). This broad sense includes senses 1-3, 6,and 7 in RHW; the other senses are not subtypes. NOTE: 'principle' in the singular is used to mean 'a sense of principle' - a moral sense that one should behave according to moral principles, rather than a single principle itself. This sense appears to be the one intended by RHW sense 5 and WN sense 2 as used in the examples: RHW: 'a person of principle' WN: 'a man of principle' However, WN also gives the example for sense 2: 'he will not violate his principles' which is indistinguishable from sense 5. The Random House Webster has multiple senses: 1. an accepted or professed rule of action or conduct: a person of good moral principles. 2. a fundamental, primary, or general law or truth from which others are derived: the principles of modern physics. 3. a fundamental doctrine or tenet; a distinctive ruling opinion: the principles of the Stoics. 4. principles, a personal or specific basis of conduct or management: to adhere to one's principles; a kindergarten run on modern principles. 5. guiding sense of the requirements and obligations of right conduct: a person of principle. 6. an adopted rule or method for application in action: a working principle for general use. 7. a rule or law exemplified in natural phenomena, the construction or operation of a machine, the working of a system, or the like: the principle of capillary attraction. 8. the method of formation, operation, or procedure exhibited in a given case: a community organized on the patriarchal principle. 9. a determining characteristic of something; essential quality. 10. an originating or actuating agency or force: growth is the principle of life. 11. an actuating agency in the mind or character, as an instinct, faculty, or natural tendency: the principles of human behavior. 12. Chem. a constituent of a substance, esp. one giving to it some distinctive quality or effect. RHW usage notes: 1-3. PRINCIPLE, CANON, RULE imply something established as a standard or test, for measuring, regulating, or guiding conduct or practice. A PRINCIPLE is a general and fundamental truth that may be used in deciding conduct or choice: to adhere to principle. CANON, originally referring to an edict of the Church (a meaning that it still retains), is used of any principle, law, or critical standard that is officially approved, particularly in aesthetics and scholarship: canons of literary criticism. A RULE, usually something adopted or enacted, is often the specific application of a principle: the golden rule. 2. theorem, axiom, postulate, proposition. 5. integrity, probity, rectitude, honor. This type corresponds to senses 1, 3, 5. Senses 4 and 6 seem identical. the 'rationale' sense of should be a 'reason' or 'justification' in WordNet: 1. (14) principle, rule - (a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; 'their principles of composition characterized all their works') 2. (9) principle - (a rule or standard especially of good behavior; 'a man of principle'; 'he will not violate his principles') 3. (7) principle - (a basic truth or law or assumption; 'the principles of democracy') 4. (4) principle, rule - (a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system; 'the principle of the conservation of mass'; 'the principle of jet propulsion'; 'the right-hand rule for inductive fields') 5. (2) principle, precept - (rule of personal conduct) 6. (2) rationale, principle - ((law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature); 'the rationale for capital punishment'; 'the principles of internal-combustion engines')
Super-classes	Rule^c Belief^c
Sub-classes	MoralPrinciple^c

Print^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Print`
Description	A ''Print'' is a Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) produced by pressing an image on a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (usually paper or cardboard) by transferring ink from the surface of a cylinder or block that has ink in a pattern conforming to the desired image, or ejected from an orifice of an ink-containing reservoir, onto the paper surface that receives the image. The ink image to be transferred may be created in the intended array by any of several processes, including adding powdered 'toner' to an electrically charged cylinder, as in modern computer printers, or carved or etched into it in some form of 'negative' (reverse image) with the intended printed part not engraved into the prnting block. The mage may be created by multiple dots of varying size arranged to make light and dark areas appear from the density of the dots against the light paper background. This is intendedd to include prints produced by all forms of 'printing' including telefax.
Super-classes	Picture^c
Sub-classes	Engraving^c JigsawPuzzle^c EngravingBlock^c

Printed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Printed

Description

The attribute of a text that has been printed on some sheet-like object (usually paper) by means of a printing device - opposed to 'handwritten', 'engraved' 'carved in', 'spray painted on' or other methods of putting text onto a physical object. The printing device can be a commercial press, a laser printer, a dot-matrix printer, or any other device.

      NOTE: this means 'machine printed'.  'printed' in the
      sense of not cursive for handwriting is represented
      as 'PrintedStyleOfWriting'

      This corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'printed'
        in  (machine printed): in WordNet:
        1. (4) printed - (written in print characters or produced 
          by means of e.g. a printing press)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

PrintedCircuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrintedCircuit`
Description	A ''PrintedCircuit'' is a ''ComputerCircuit'' within some ''Computer'' - which can be small and/or without a display. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'printed circuit' in WordNet: 1. printed circuit - (computer circuit consisting of an electronic sub-assembly; copper conductors are laminated on an insulating board or card and circuit components are inserted into holes and dip soldered)`
Super-classes	ComputerCircuit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Computer^c

PrintedMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrintedMaterial`
Description	'PrintedMaterial' is any piece or Group of 'HardcopyInformationBearingObject's on one or more SheetOfSomeStuff's, created by a PrintingDevice. This can include text or graphics or any combination of the two. Printed currency is an instance, as are books, newspapers, magazines, printed flyers, etc. Printed items on stiff cardboard, such as are used in posters and lawn signs, are also instances.
Super-classes	HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c HexalateralObject^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByDeviceType^op value PrintingDevice^c
Sub-classes	Printout^c Publication^c PrintedText^c

PrintedStyleOfWriting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrintedStyleOfWriting

Description

Being in a handwritten form of writing in which characters are printed according to some sort of standard. Unlike the #$CursiveStyleOfWriting, in printed writing, characters tend to be separated from one another by whitespace, since the writing implement is lifted off the page frequently.

        This is the result of the action 'print' verb senses 2
          in Wordnet:
          2. (1) print - (write as if with print; not cursive)

Super-classes Handwritten^c

PrintedText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrintedText`
Description	TextualMaterial that has been printed on a device. This can include parts of a larger text. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'type' in WordNet: 4. (4) type - (printed characters; 'small type is hard to read')`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c PrintedMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Printed^c

Printing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Printing`
Description	The Action causing creation of some PrintedMaterial (see 'Printed') by a machine such as a PrintingPress or ComputerPrinter. This is not 'Writing' - the original creation of a text, but printing out something previously written in a separate Action. Note that this is an Action, not necessarily a HumanActivity, since it could be caused by the action of an atomaton (e.g., printing a warning after receiving some signal). 'Printing' uses Ink of some kind to produce the readable images on the printed page. Includes noun sense 3 of 'printing' and verb sense 4 and possibly part of verb sense 1 of 'print' in WordNet; sense 1 appears to include both physical printing and commercial distribution; the distribution of the printed material is not included in this type. @ToDo: need 'publishing'? in WordNet: 3. printing, printing process - (reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication) WN verb 'print': 1. (12) print, publish - (put into print; 'The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce'; 'These news should not be printed') 4. print, impress - (reproduce by printing)
Super-classes	ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c VisualInformationGeneratingAct^c MakingWrittenMaterial^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value GenericInk^c produced^op some PrintedMaterial^c
Sub-classes	CommercialPrinting^c Reprinting^c

PrintingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrintingDevice`
Description	Any Device designed to create PrintedText or PrintedGraphics - represented by ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject''. This is not for 3-D 'printers'. `This can range from large web presses used for newspapers to small mobile personal printers for use with a personal computer. @ToDo; hasCapability CreatePrintedMaterial. The inverse relation is asserted, that PrintedMaterial isCreatedByDeviceType PrintingDevice. But the inverse should also be asserted. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'printer' in WordNet: 3. printer, printing machine - (a machine that prints)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value PrintedMaterial^c
Sub-classes	ComputerPrinter^c PrintingPress^c

PrintingInk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrintingInk`
Description	'printing inks' from: http://cool.conservation-us.org/don/dt/dt2687.html Accessed 20100322 Inks used in printing, consisting of a coloring agent, which may be a plant dye, mineral, or an earth, in a medium (or vehicle) of oil, water, or varnish. Printing inks are categorized according to the process for which they are intended, and, within each category, they may be further divided according to color and categories of quality. Letterpress inks, for example, include colored inks and black inks (halftone ink, jobbing ink, ornamental printing ink, rotary printing ink and special ink). There are also newspaper inks, lithographic printing inks (collotype ink, litho ink and offset ink), photogravure inks (either actual photogravure ink or copperplate ink) and die stamping ink, aniline printing ink, and special inks of various kinds, e.g., carbonizing ink. Printing inks are also categorized according to the manner in which they dry, because rate of drying is considered to be one of the most important properties of an ink. Lithographic and ordinary letterpress inks dry by oxidation, and partly by penetration and evaporation; newspaper ink dries by absorption; and aniline and photogravure inks dry by evaporation. Modern inks which dry on contact with the paper have been perfected, and are used principally on high-speed rotary presses. A recent development in inks is the monomeric ink which dries instantaneously when exposed to certain radiations, such as ultraviolet light or gamma radiations. This type of ink is designed to be used on ultra-high-speed presses. There are also heat-set inks which dry when the paper is passed through a heating chamber at a temperature of about 300 C. (infrared radiation is also used for heating). Cold-set inks, which are solid at room temperature, and which must be heated for printing, dry when the paper is conveyed, following printing, over a cooling cylinder. Steam-set inks, which consist of artificial resins dissolved in a hygroscopic solvent, such as ethylene glycol, dry when the paper web is passed through a steam chamber, where a small quantity of water is absorbed by the layer of ink causing the artificial resin to be deposited in solid form. Another type of quick drying ink is one which is combined with a vehicle which ordinarily solidifies at room temperature but is prevented from doing so by an admixture of substances. In printing, the admixtures are absorbed by the paper and the impression then dries quickly. Consistency of a printing ink is also of considerable importance. Ink is said to be thin when it is easily set in motion, and stiff when it offers comparatively strong resistance to changes in form. A so-called long ink is viscous and can be drawn out into threads, while the opposite is a 'short ink.' In printing varnishes, a distinction is made between weak, medium, and strong (rigid) varnish. Oils are also used as vehicles, and at one time linseed oil was used most often because of its good drying properties, although tung oil was also used extensively. Tung oil dries very rapidly but loses its gloss in the process. Both have been largely replaced by tar and mineral oils. Inks for newspaper printing are compounded in mineral oils, and are very thin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'printing ink' in WordNet: 1. (1) printer's ink, printing ink - (a semisolid quick drying ink made especially for use in printing)`
Super-classes	Ink^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Printing^c

PrintingPress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrintingPress`
Description	A PrintingDevice designed to create PrintedText on a commercial scale, as in printing newspapers or books, and relies on applying ink to paper by pressing inked typeset or carved (lithographic) surfaces against the paper. Computer printers that use inkjets or lasers (xerographic processes) for printing are not included.. Antique hand-operated one-plate-at-a-time printing presses are included in this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'press' in WordNet: 4. (1) press, printing press - (a machine used for printing)`
Super-classes	PrintingDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value CommercialPrinting^c

Printout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Printout`
Description	A 'Printout''is ''PrintedMaterial'' (text or images) that has been printed on a ''"ComputerPrinter'' connected to a ''Computer''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'printout' in WordNet: 1. printout - (the output of a computer in printed form)`
Super-classes	PrintedMaterial^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value ComputerFile^c isCreatedByArtifact^op value ComputerPrinter^c hasAttributeValue^op value Printed^c

Prion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prion`
Description	Prions are infectious proteinaceous particles or, more simply, proteins that lack nucleic acid. Prions are debatable as life forms, and perhaps should not be considered in this category, but in some ways behave like life forms, and therefore are placed here, rather than under the alternaitive of a chemical substance. Cyc comment: The collection of #$Prions (proteinaceous infective particles). Suggested as the causative agents of several infectious diseases such as scrapie (in sheep), kuru and Creutzfeld Jakob disease in man. Apparently contain no nucleic acid. The 27 kD protein of scrapie is related to a normal cell protein and may possibly cause its over production. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prion' in WordNet: 1. prion - ((microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system)
Super-classes	InfectiousAgent^c LifeForm^c MicroscopicScaleObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Protein^c

Prior^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prior

Description

'Prior' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing (usually an Event) modified existed before another event of the same type. For Events that occur reiteratively or in a series, this specifies the previous one in the series that occurred most recently. (NOTE: ''Previous'' is used as the specific label for an ''OrdinalNumber'' that is immediately prior in a series that does not have to be on the tme line.) Compare ''Subsequent'' for the inverse ordered element.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prior' and part of
             adjective sense 1 of 'earlier (only the comparative) in WordNet:
            1. (23) anterior, prior - (earlier in time)
          WN adj 'earlier':
            1. earlier, earliest - ((comparative and superlative of 'early')
               more early than; most early; 'a fashion popular in earlier times';
               'his earlier work reflects the influence of his teacher'; 
               'Verdi's earliest and most raucous opera')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PriorOfAnOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PriorOfAnOrder`
Description	A ''PriorOfAnOrder'' is a ''ReligiousSuperior'' who usually has final authority over a religious order,but in some cases is below an 'abbot' in rank. `RHW 'prior': 1. an officer in a monastic order or religious house, sometimes next in rank below an abbot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prior' in WordNet: 1. prior - (the head of a religious order; in an abbey the prior is next below the abbot)`
Super-classes	ReligiousSuperior^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value MonasticOrder^c

Prioritizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prioritizing`
Description	''Prioritizing'' is a ''RankingSomething'' that selects one or two of several choices for Action as the most important to attend to. Usually only one selection is given ''HighPriority'' but more such selections are possible. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prioritize' in Wordnet: 1. prioritize, prioritise - (assign a priority to; 'we have too many things to do and must prioritize')`
Super-classes	RankingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value HighPriority^c

PriorityLevel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PriorityLevel`
Description	Each subtype of ''ProrityLevel'' is a qualitative attribute value that can be used to specify the relative priority (importance, urgency) for tasks under consideration. Initial set of levels (subtypes) ''LowPriority'', ''MediumPriority'' and ''HighPriority''. `WN categorizes a 'priority' as a subtype of 'status', but that is not the usage here; in COSMO the only 'status' is a social status. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'priority' in WordNet: 1. (7) precedence, precedency, priority - (status established in order of importance or urgency; '...its precedence as the world's leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals'; 'national independence takes priority over class struggle')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	MediumPriority^c LowPriority^c HighPriority^c

Prism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prism`
Description	This is an abstract shape, not a physical object. It is a Polyhedron, but it can have 4 or 5 sides (triangular base or rectangular base). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prism' in WordNet: 1. prism - (a polyhedron with two congruent and parallel faces (the bases) and whose lateral faces are parallelograms)`
Super-classes	Polyhedron^c ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c
Sub-classes	Parallelepiped^c

Prison^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prison`
Description	CYC: The collection of facilities designed for incarcerating prisoners [#$Prisoner-Legal] and thereby removing them from general circulation among #$ThePublic. A building, set of buildings, or part of a building comprised of #$PrisonCells. COSMO note: the distinction between 'prison' and 'jail' is not made here - it can be added when necessary. SUMO: An installation which is owned and maintained by a Government for the purpose of Confining people. This class covers jails, federal prisons, concentration camps, gulags, etc. Corresponds to moun sense 1 of 'prison' and sense 1 of 'jail' in WordNet: 1. (3) prison, prison house - (a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment) WN noun 'jail': 1. (3) jail, jailhouse, gaol, clink, slammer, poky, pokey - (a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence))
Super-classes	CorrectionalInstitution^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op only Prisoner^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RahwayStatePenitentiary

PrisonCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrisonCell`
Description	A 'PrisonCell' is a 'Room' within a Prison or lockup of some kind, designed or designated to hold prisoners. `@ToDO: this cannot be a subtype of 'SpatialCell' because this is a PhysicalObject and a SpatialCell is a Region, a disjoint type. How to relate to 'SpatialCell'? Cyc: The collection of all containers designed to hold imprisoned human felons (#$Prisoner-Felons). Corresponds to sense 7 of 'cell' in WordNet: 7. cell, jail cell, prison cell - (a room where a prisoner is kept)`
Super-classes	StorageConstructInABuilding^c Cage^c Room^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op some Prison^c isDesignedToContain^op only Person^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Prison^c
Sub-classes	PrisonCoolerCell^c

PrisonCoolerCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrisonCoolerCell`
Description	A ''PrisonCoolerCell'' is a 'PrisonCell' where violent Prisoners are placed in isolation to 'cool off' until they are notlikely to assault other prisoners. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cooler' in WordNet: 3. cooler, tank - (a cell for violent prisoners)`
Super-classes	PrisonCell^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value ViolentConvict^c

Prisoner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prisoner`
Description	A 'Prisoner' is a Captive who is a Person. This is used for any Person who is involuntarily confined to some room or facility. Prisoners in prisons, prisoners of war, people in concentration camps, people being forcibly held captive by another person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prisoner' and sense 1 of 'captive' in WordNet: 1. (1) prisoner, captive - (a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c Captive^c
Sub-classes	Convict^c Hostage^c Detainee^c

Pristine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pristine`
Description	This sense of ''Pristine'' is broad and generic,with the basic meaning of 'like new' or 'in its original state'. The meanings in the glosses from RHW are included as well as those from WN (e.g. 'pristine forests'). RHW 'pristine': 1. having its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied. 2. of or pertaining to the earliest period or state; primitive. `Includes but is broader than adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'pristine' in Wordnet: 1. pristine - (completely free from dirt or contamination; 'pristine mountain snow') 2. pristine - (immaculately clean and unused; 'handed her his pristine white handkerchief')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Uncontaminated^c Primeval^c

Privacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Privacy`
Description	''Privacy'' is a form of ''Isolation'' in which a Person or GroupOfPeople is intentionally separated (by any means) from the view of other people. Something as minimal as a curtain (as in a hospital room) can enable some ''Privacy'', or families can have 'Privacy'' from others inside their own homes. `Privacy occurs in a ''Private'' place. Not yet (Rev1367) related. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'privacy' in WordNet: 1. (2) privacy, privateness, seclusion - (the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others)`
Super-classes	Isolation^c SocialState^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Alone^c

Private^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Private`
Description	Not public; concerned with one or a small number of specific individuals. The criterion for something being 'private' is that the individuals who are concerned are on some list and the matter is confined to them. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'private' in WordNet: 1. (44) private - (confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy; 'a private place'; 'private discussions'; 'private lessons'; 'a private club'; 'a private secretary'; 'private property'; 'the former President is now a private citizen'; 'public figures struggle to maintain a private life')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Secluded^c

PrivateEye^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivateEye

Description

A ''PrivateEye'' is an ''Investigator'' who is not part of a police organization but performs investigations of various types for private clients, mostly concerning how people have acted.

         The term 'dick'is also used sometimes for policemen.
         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private eye' in WordNet:
           1. (12) private detective, PI, private eye, private investigator, 
           operative, shamus, sherlock - (someone who can be employed as a detective
           to collect information)
         WN noun 'gumshoe':
           1. dick, gumshoe, hawkshaw - (someone who is a detective)

Super-classes Investigator^c

PrivateFirstClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivateFirstClass`
Description	A ''PrivateFirstClass'' is a ''Soldier'' with a Rank intermediate between #$Private- and #$Corporal in the U.S. Army, and between #$Private and #$LanceCorporal in the U.S. Marine Corps.
Super-classes	Soldier^c MilitaryPerson^c

PrivateInvestigator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivateInvestigator`
Description	A ''PrivateInvestigator'' is a trained ''Inspector'' working for hire who performs investigations as a service. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private investigator' in WordNet: 1. private detective, PI, private eye, private investigator, operative, shamus, sherlock - (someone who can be employed as a detective to collect information)`
Super-classes	ServiceProvider^c Detective^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Snooping^c

PrivateOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivateOrganization`
Description	A ''PrivateOrganization'' is any ''Organization'' that is not a ''GovernmentalOrganization''.
Super-classes	PrivateSectorOrganization^c
Sub-classes	NonProfitOrganization^c CommercialOrganization^c

PrivateProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivateProperty`
Description	CYC: The collection of all things that are owned by private citizens, and not owned by any government or government agency. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private property' in WordNet: 1. (1) personal property, personal estate, personalty, private property - (movable property (as distinguished from real estate))`
Super-classes	Property^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Private^c
Sub-classes	Yacht^c

PrivateSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivateSchool`
Description	In England, a ''PublicSchool'' can be a ''PrivateSchool''. Usage needs to be distinguished. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private school' in WordNet: 1. (3) private school - (a school established and controlled privately and supported by endowment and tuition)`
Super-classes	NonGovernmentalOrganization^c School^c
Sub-classes	PrivateSeminary^c ReligiousSchool^c

PrivateSectorOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivateSectorOrganization`
Description	$PrivateSectorOrganization is a specialization of `#$Organization. Each instance of #$PrivateSectorOrganization is an organization that operates in the private sector and has no governmental component. Instances of #$PrivateSectorOrganizations may be either #$CommercialOrganizations or #$NonProfitOrganizations. Examples of #$PrivateSectorOrganizations include #$IBMInc, #$Cycorp, #$FloridaNationalBank, and #$SierraClub.`
Super-classes	NonGovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	ConstructionCompany^c AccountingFirm^c SocialOrganization^c SportsOrganization^c CharitableOrganization^c PrivateOrganization^c Consortium^c CooperativeAssociation^c

PrivateSeminary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivateSeminary`
Description	. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seminary' in WordNet: 1. (2) seminary - (a private place of education for the young)
Super-classes	PrivateSchool^c

Privately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Privately

Description

''Privately'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Action and specifies that the Action was performed in Private, alone or in the presence only of a small number of trusted people who are expected not to reveal the information to others.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'privately' in WordNet:
             1. (7) privately, in private, in camera - (kept private or confined 
               to those intimately concerned; 'it was discussed privately between the two men';
               'privately, she thought differently'; 'some member of his own party
               hoped privately for his defeat'; 'he was questioned in private')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Privatization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Privatization`
Description	''Privatization'' is a ''TransferringOwnership'' in which something of value (a Right or a PhysicalObject such as a tract of land or a factory) is transferred form control of a GovernmentAgency to some ''PrivateSectorOrganization'', usually a corporation. NOTE: 'privatise' in WN is a subtype but is difficult to distinguish from this 'denationalize', and is included here. If a distinction can be made these can be broken apart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'privatization' in WordNet: 1. denationalization, denationalisation, privatization, privatisation - (changing something from state to private ownership or control) WN verb 'denationalize' 1. denationalize, denationalise - (put under private control or ownership; 'The steel industry was denationalized') WN 'privatize': 1. privatize, privatise - (change from governmental to private control or ownership; 'The oil industry was privatized')
Super-classes	TransferringOwnership^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value PropertyRight^c hasEndingPlace^op some PrivateSectorOrganization^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value GovernmentalOrganization^c hadThingTransferred^op some ValuableThing^c

Privilege^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Privilege

Description

A ''Privilege'' is an 'Advantage' (a Difference) in which the first entity of the OrderedPair has some Right not available to others in some peer group.

   A ''Privilege'' can be possessed by an individual ''Person'' or
     by some ''GroupOfPeople''.  Note that a ''GroupOfpeople''
     can have as few as one Person as the lower limit.
     In WN 'exclusive right' is a synonym, and 'exclusive' can refer to
        some Group having that right.  This suggests that a ''Group'
        having a ''Privilege'' needs to be definable by some criterion.

        The relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving'' can be used
        to point to specific ''Right''s that are attached to specific 
        ''Privilege''s.

  Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'Privilege' in WordNet:
     1. (8) privilege - (a special advantage or immunity 
          or benefit not enjoyed by all)
     2. (3) prerogative, privilege, perquisite, exclusive right -
        (a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group 
        (especially a hereditary or official right); 
        'suffrage was the prerogative of white adult males')

Super-classes Advantage^c

Privileged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Privileged

Description

''Privileged'' is an AttributeValue of People who have a ''Privilege'', i.e. are performing ''HavingaPrivilege''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'privileged' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) privileged - (blessed with privileges; 'the privileged few')

Super-classes Good^c

PrivilegedAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrivilegedAgent`
Description	A ''PrivilegedAgent'' is a ''Person'' or GroupOfPeople that has some ''Privilege'', i.e. performs ''HavingaPrivilege''
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Privileged^c hasAttribute^op value Privilege^c performsAction^op value HavingaPrivilege^c

Privy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Privy`
Description	Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'privy' in Wordnet: 2. privy - ((followed by `to') informed about something secret or not generally known; 'privy to the details of the conspiracy')
Super-classes	Informed^c

Prize^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prize`
Description	Every 'Prize' is a thing given in some 'GivingaPrize' event. A 'Prize' in COSMO can be concrete or abstract, but every 'Prize' is given as a result of a Competition. It could be an Object, a quantity of Money, or an ingtangible honor. Things do not change their essential nature if they are given freely for any purpose, therefore a Prize is considered as a Role. It is unclear how long that Role would last - is something always a Prize, once it is given as such? Not completely resolved. NOTE that in COSMO a 'Prize' (something given in a competition) is not a subtype of 'Gift', nor vice-versa. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prize' amd 'award' sense 3 in WordNet: 1. (9) prize, award - (something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery; 'the prize was a free trip to Europe')`
Super-classes	Object^c Role^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some GivingaPrize^c

PrizeWinning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrizeWinning`
Description	''PrizeWinning'' is the NOTE: there should be a distinction between 'champion' and 'prize-winning' - so 'champion' is specified as a subtype, for agents that win an award in a ''Contest'' of multiple contestants, in which the victor is called a ''Champion'' which is not always the same as getting an Award. `The WN synset seems to conflate two related but different concepts. This includes both. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prizewinning' in Wordnet: 1. (1) champion, prizewinning - (holding first place in a contest; 'a champion show dog'; 'a prizewinning wine')`
Super-classes	Salient^c Award-Winning^c Meritorious^c
Sub-classes	Championish^c

Prized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prized

Description

''Prized'' is an AttributeValue of anything that is 'Desired'' and appreciated for some good quality in the opinion of some Person.

       No WN or RHW entry for this sense of 'prized'.

Super-classes Cherished^c
Desired^c

Pro^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pro`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pro' in WordNet: 2. pro - (an argument in favor of a proposal)`
Super-classes	Argument^c

Pro-Life^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pro-Life`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pro-life' in WordNet: 1. pro-life - (advocating full legal protection of embryos and fetuses (especially opposing the legalization of induced abortions))`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Pro-Lifer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pro-Lifer`
Description	Opposes Abortion `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pro-lifer' in WordNet: 1. pro-lifer - (an advocate of full legal protection for embryos and fetuses; someone opposed to legalized induced abortion)`
Super-classes	Advocate^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pro-Life^c hasCauseOrAgentSupported^op value BanningAbortion^c

ProLifer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProLifer`
Description	A ''ProLifer'' is a Person who is opposed to ''Abortion'', i.e.is ''Pro-Life'' to a degree that such a Person supports making ''Abortion'' illegal, i.e. supports ''.BanningAbortion''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pro-lifer' in WordNet: 1. pro-lifer - (an advocate of full legal protection for embryos and fetuses; someone opposed to legalized induced abortion)`
Super-classes	AdvocateForaCause^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pro-Life^c supportsProposition^op value BanningAbortion^c performsAction^op value OpposingAbortion^c

Proactive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proactive

Description

''Proactive'' is an AttributeValue that can characterize a Person who takes action in anticipation of a problem rather than waiting until a problem occurs, or of Actions that are intended to prevent a problem rather than deal with the consequences of a problem.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proactive' in Wordnet:
        1. proactive - (descriptive of any event or stimulus or process that has an effect 
            on events or stimuli or processes that occur subsequently; 'proactive inhibition';
            'proactive interference')
        2. proactive - ((of a policy or person or action) controlling a situation
            by causing something to happen rather than waiting to respond to it after it happens)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Probability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Probability`
Description	A 'Probability' is a DimensionlessRatio which is a measure of the number of times a certain situation will occur divided by the total number of times a more general situation is observed. This measure may be derived by historical observation and projection of historical trends to the future, or by calculation from component elements of the relevant situation type. Probabilities can be used for various situations, such as the probability that something is true now; the probability that something will become true; the probability that some event will have a particular outcome, and others. An instance of Probability can be represented as a limit, such as 'GreaterThanHalf'; see 'Likely' COSMO note: in COSMO, a 'Probability' may be represented as a number or range, which would be an instance of 'Probability', but may also be represented by a 'VerbalProbability', which is a class that represents a range of values (in the range of 0 to 1). The use of a 'VerbalProbability' allows closer alignment with linguistic usage, and also permits subclassing of values. The 'hasProbability' relation can use either a numerical instance of 'Probability' or a subclass of 'VerbalProbability' as its value. Cyc: A specialization of #$Quantity (q.v.). Each #$Probability is a degree (or range) of likelihood(s) that can be attributed to a statement with respect to the likelihood of its being or becoming true. Although not #$MeasurableQuantity(ies) (q.v.) in the full sense of that term, probabilities are often characterized and compared numerically, along a scale from 0 to 1. (#$ProbabilityFn 0) is <i>certain falsity</i> and (#$ProbabilityFn 1) is <i>certain truth</i>. See also #$ProbabilityInterval, the collection of all real number intervals between 0 and 1 inclusive, and thus of all possible arguments for #$ProbabilityFn. The plural form 'chances' is also used in essentially the same sense. e.g.: 'What are the chances that a meteor will fall in the yard?' - same as 'What is the probability that a meteor will fall in the yard?' The difference may be only one of formality. The form 'chances' may suggest an answer in the form of a ratio - odds, such as '1 in a million'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'probability' and noun sense 4 of 'chance' and sense 1 of 'likelihood' and sense 1 of 'odds' in WordNet: WN 'chance': 4. (2) probability, chance - (a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible; 'the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5') WN noun 'odds': 1. (1) odds - (the likelihood of a thing occurring rather than not occurring)
Super-classes	DimensionlessRatio^c
Sub-classes	ProbabilityOfLoss^c ProbabilityPerTimeUnit^c Likelihood^c StatisticalSignificance^c ProbabilityOfOutcome^c BettingOdds^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Likely

ProbabilityOfLoss^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbabilityOfLoss

Description

A ''ProbabilityOfLoss'' is a 'ProbabilityOfOutcome' that quantifies the likelihood of occurrence some ''PersonalLoss', depending on uncertain variables.

     There is no general sense of 'risk' like this in WN; the closest is
       'risk of infection'

       Includes but is much broader than noun sense 3 of 'risk' in WordNet:
           3. risk, risk of infection - 
              (the probability of becoming infected given that exposure 
              to an infectious agent has occurred)

Super-classes Probability^c

ProbabilityOfOutcome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbabilityOfOutcome

Description

A 'ProbabilityOfOutcome' is a Probability for some outcome of an 'Event'. This measure may be used in cases where the probability is expressed, e.g. by saying 'the probability of X getting elected in 2008 is less than 40 percent'. The Event referenced in this case is the Election event in question. NOTE that the Event whose probability is asserted or measured does not have to be a future event; one can discuss the probability of past Events having happened.

     NOTE that having a ProbabilityOfOutcome of 0.95-1
     is not disjoint with having a ProbabilityOfOutcome of 0.5-1,
     in fact the former implies the latter.  This is because
     probability  ranges are not intended to have accurate and unchanging
     endpoints, they merely constrain the expected frequency of outcomes.

     This type reifies what could be represented as a ternary
     relation: an Event ?E or EventType ?ET will have an outcome with
     probability ?P.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'probability' in WordNet;
     NOTE that the plural 'chances' is also indexed by the
     Wordnet 'chance' and the plural is also used to express
     a probability 'the chances of success are greater than 90%'.  in WordNet:
       1. (30) probability, chance - (a measure of how likely it is that
          some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable 
          cases to the whole number of cases possible; 
          'the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5')

Super-classes Probability^c

ProbabilityPerTimeUnit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbabilityPerTimeUnit

Description

A 'Probability' is a RatioQuantity for which the numerator is a Probability and the denominator is a TimeDuration. It expresses the likelihood of some Event (including InstantaneousEvents or StaticSituations) occurring at some time point within each TimeDuration that measure some TimeInterval within a larger specified TimeInterval.

       This measure may be derived by historical observation and projection of 
       historical trends to the future, or by calculation from
     component elements of the relevant situation type.

Super-classes RatioQuantity^c
Probability^c

ProbabilityRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbabilityRelation`
Description	This category of ''ProbabilityRelation''s covers all relationships between entities of any kind that have some basis in probability of co-ocurrence, or mathematically derived likelihoods, and in particular associations that are discovered by statistical anaysis of quantities of data, such as in 'Deep Learning' methods. NOTE that 'association' and 'correlation' do not necesarily imply causality between two phenomena, but are used as one type of evidence for causality. The Class of Relations that permit assessment of the probability of an event or situation. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/) This is represented by the term 'association' but this is not a process or a physical phenomenon, but is an AbstractObject containing numbers relating entities in any of many different ways, and representing the probabilities of. things co-occurring or events causing other events. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 6 of 'association' in WordNet: 6. association - (a relation resulting from interaction or dependence; 'flints were found in association with the prehistoric remains of the bear'; 'the host is not always injured by association with a parasite')
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	Correlation^c

ProbabilityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbabilityType`
Description	''ProbabilityType'' is a metatype used to allow specifying either precise or vague estimates for the probability of some situation, past, present, or future..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Possible Chance Uncertain Impossible Probable Optional Certainty Potentiality PhysicallyPossible Feasible Possibility VerbalProbability LogicallyContradictory

Probable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Probable`
Description	'Probable' is a 'VerbalProbability', an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that has at least 50% chance to be true, in some Possible World. This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0.5 to 1.0. This has essentially the same meaning as 'Likely', which is an instance of 'Probability' Includes both adjective senses of 'probable' and sense 1 and 2 of 'likely' in WordNet: 1. (11) probable, likely - (likely but not certain to be or become true or real; 'a likely result'; 'he foresaw a probable loss') 2. (2) probable - (apparently destined; 'the probable consequences of going ahead with the scheme') WN adj 'likely': 1. (61) likely - (has a good chance of being the case or of coming about; 'these services are likely to be available to us all before long'; 'she is likely to forget'; 'a likely place for a restaurant'; 'the broken limb is likely to fall'; 'rain is likely'; 'a likely topic for investigation'; 'likely candidates for the job')
Super-classes	Possible^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.5^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 1.0^c
Sub-classes	Certain^c

ProbablyFalse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbablyFalse`
Description	ProbablyFalse is a level of credibility that applies to an assertion that is contradicted by strong evidence or well-established principles. Having a Probability less than 0.5. `Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'improbable; in WOrdNet: 1. (1) improbable, unlikely - (not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred; 'legislation on the question is highly unlikely'; 'an improbable event') 2. improbable, unbelievable, unconvincing, unlikely - (having a probability too low to inspire belief) 3. improbable, marvelous, marvellous, tall - (too improbable to admit of belief; 'a tall story')`
Super-classes	TruthValue^c
Sub-classes	ProvablyFalse^c

ProbablyTrue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbablyTrue`
Description	ProbablyTrue is a level of credibility that ranges from having some meaningful evidence to having several confirming assertions. `NOTE that 'probable can be the attribute of something that currently exsts or existed in the past, not only future events: 'the probable cause of the accident was mechanical failure'. Includes both adjective senses of 'probable' in WordNet: 1. (11) probable, likely - (likely but not certain to be or become true or real; 'a likely result'; 'he foresaw a probable loss') 2. (2) probable - (apparently destined; 'the probable consequences of going ahead with the scheme')`
Super-classes	TruthValue^c
Sub-classes	HighlyCredible^c

ProbationPeriod^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbationPeriod

Description

This can be the ''TimeInterval' during which some ''Authority'' allows some specific Person to continue performing some Action while observing and evaluating the Action, to allow it to continue longer or to stop it. This is used for different types of Actions being evaluated.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'probation' in WordNet:
          1. probation - (a trial period during which your character and abilities 
             are tested to see whether you are suitable for work or for membership)

Super-classes TrialPeriod^c

Probatory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Probatory

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'probatory' in WordNet:
       1. probative, probatory - (tending to prove a particular proposition 
        or to persuade you of the truth of an allegation;
        'evidence should only be excluded if its probative value was outweighed by its prejudicial effect')

Super-classes Significant^c
Conclusive^c

ProbatoryEvidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProbatoryEvidence`
Description	'ProbatoryEvidence' is Evidence (usually in the form of an observation that is reliable) that is strong enough to be considered as obvious grounds, in combination with a simple reasoning method, to be considered as Proof of some Assertion. In COSMO 'Proof' is a logical deductive argument, but it can use Evidence as one or more of the Premises. `WN ;proof': in WordNet: 1. (10) proof, cogent evidence - (any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something; 'if you have any proof for what you say, now is the time to produce it')`
Super-classes	Evidence^c PhysicalTrace^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Proving^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Probatory^c

ProblemCausingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProblemCausingEvent`
Description	A 'ProblemCausingEvent' is an ''CausingSomething'' that causes a ProblemSituation (which may be a StaticSituation). Not every ''ProblemSituation'' needs to be caused by a ''ProblemCausingEvent'', and ProblemSituations that do have ''ProblemCausingEvents'' need not have the ProblemCausingEvent specified if it is not relevant to the issues of concern, i.e a given type of ''ProblemSituation'' may be caused by different events at different times.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'problem' in WordNet: 2. (120) trouble, problem - (a source of difficulty; 'one trouble after another delayed the job'; 'what's the problem?')`
Super-classes	CausingSomething^c
Restrictions	caused^op some ProblemSituation^c

ProblemSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProblemSituation`
Description	A ProblemSituation is a ''PersistentState'', which may have been caused by a specific ''ProblemCausingEvent'', that is a cause for Concern to some 'IntentionalAgent' (usually a Person). Typically, the agent for whom it is a problem will want to resolve the situation and remove the problem, and that agent then interprets this situation as a ''Task'' (chore) to to be addressed in some way (perhaps by fisting its solution off on someone else). For academic 'problems' presented to students, use 'ProblemToBeSolved'. Animals are not excluded from agents that might have a Concern, so animals may have ProblemSituations (e.g. a mother cat looking for a lost kitten). An Event that causes a ProblemSituation is termed a 'ProblemCausingEvent' in COSMO The restriction requires, for each instance of 'Problem' a specification of the instance of 'DirectedFeeling' (fear, concern) that is caused by the Problem, i.e. what kind of Problem it is perceived to be by someone. The instance of DirectedFeeling will contain within it a specification of the Agent to whom it is a Problem. It also requires specification of an instance of a 'ProblemToBeSolved', which is an AbstractString representing a LogicalAssertion citing the existence of the ProblemSituation (in some World, real or hypothetical), and its logical description. The logical description portion of the ProblemToBeSolved may be symbolically identical to the representation of the 'ProblemSituation' itself, if the logical language used is the same as that of the ontology. In that case, to avoid duplicationm the 'ProblemToBeSolved' and 'ProblemSituation' may cross-reference each other. But the difference between a logical representation of a problem in a ProblemToBeSolved and its representation in a ProblemSituation is that the ProblemToBeSolved form is interpreted as a String, which in effect is only a rerpresentation of the ProblemSituation, wheras the instance of ProblemSituation is interpreted as the situation itself. NOTE: this method of specifying Problem does not allow us to call a situation a 'Problem' unless the Agent for whom it is a Problem is aware of and concerned about it. We may need another kind of objective 'problem' that would be of concern to an agent, if that agent knew about it and understood it. As of version 0.46, that kind of 'problem' is not represented in COSMO. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'problem' in WordNet: 1. (331) problem, job - (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; 'she and her husband are having problems'; 'it is always a job to contact him'; 'urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog') 2. (120) trouble, problem - (a source of difficulty; 'one trouble after another delayed the job'; 'what's the problem?')
Super-classes	UndesirableSituation^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op value ProblemToBeSolved^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value HavingaTask^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	WorrisomeSituation^c ComplicatedSituation^c Encumbrance^c Predicament^c Trouble^c ComplicatingFactor^c Mystery^c DangerousSituation^c StateOfUncertainty^c Insecurity^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericUnsolvedCrime

ProblemSolvingProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProblemSolvingProcedure`
Description	A ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' is a 'Procedure' for ''InferringaProblemSolution''.
Super-classes	Procedure^c ProceduralKnowledge^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only SolvingaProblem^c isProducedByEventType^op only InferringaProblemSolution^c
Sub-classes	MathematicalProcedure^c

ProblemToBeSolved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProblemToBeSolved`
Description	COSMO note: This type represents any LogicalAssertion (an AbstractText, an AbstractSymbolicObject) that asserts the existence of a ProblemSituation and describes or refers to the nature of that Situation (e.g.. by creating a filler for the 'hasMainTopic' slot). Note that to create an instance of ProblemToBeSolved, it is necessary also to create a representation of the ProblemSituation. NOTE that this is an AbstractString, not the propositional content of the string. NOTE that it is the PhysicalSituation that is described by this LogicalAssertion that is the 'problem' that is addressed by an IntelligentAgent who interprets it as presenting a ''Task''. The collection of all problems that sentient beings could conceivably be called upon to solve (expressed as sentences in CycL). Solving the problem may include determining the truth of a proposition [#$TruthVerificationProblem], answering a question [#$QueryProblem], or ensuring that some proposition becomes true [#$AchieveSituationProblem]. This is an abstract assertion about a problem to be solved, not the actual situation. This is closest to the WordNet sense 3 of 'problem', as a question for consideration, but this is an abstract representation that is broader in some respects and narrower in other respects than the WordNet sense 3: This also includes part of sense 1 of ;puzzle' in WordNet: 3. (70) problem - (a question raised for consideration or solution; 'our homework consisted of ten problems to solve') WN noun 'puzzle': 1. puzzle, puzzler, mystifier, teaser - (a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution; 'he loved to solve chessmate puzzles'; 'that's a real puzzler')
Super-classes	LogicalAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some ProblemSituation^c
Sub-classes	Riddle^c MysteriousProblem^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnsolvedCrimeDescription

Procedural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Procedural

Description

''Procedural''

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'procedural' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) procedural - (of or relating to procedure; 'a procedural violation')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ProceduralKnowledge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProceduralKnowledge`
Description	''ProceduralKnowledge'' is some body of Knowledge that enables a knower to properly execute a ''Procedure''. Commonly called 'know-how' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'know-how' in WordNet: 1. (1) know-how - (the (technical) knowledge and skill required to do something)`
Super-classes	Knowledge^c
Sub-classes	LearningProcedure^c ProblemSolvingProcedure^c

Procedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Procedure`
Description	Procedure is the most general Type that is an abstract representation of a sequence of actions that an agent (person, organization, automaton) might take to achieve some specific goal state. NOTE that the parent type 'Method' can also be a way of accomplishing a Goal, but is not necessarily represented as stepwise. Each 'Procedure' therefore specifies an 'ActionGroup' of individual actions that accomplish some goal, amd also contains, perhaps, some other elements such as criteria for suitability). Refs: Procedure[SUMO] Method[DOLCE] Each known Procedure is an abstract 'resource' that an Agent has as a possible tool to use when confronted with a Goal 'G', in the manner of 'cause-based reasoning': IF I want to achieve this goal-state G AND the current state is S, AND procedure P345 is expected to achieve that goal state from that starting state S AND the resources (including time) are available to execute procedure P345 AND no negative consequences (with a cost greater than the benefit of achieving goal-state) will result from executing procedure P345 (This also implies that executing P345 will not preclude achieving a goal of greater importance than goal sate G) THEN execute P345. The individual 'states' resulting from each step of a Procedure will be instances of 'AbstractState'. 'hasExecutionEvent' relates each 'Procedure' (or type of Procedure) with the specific executed 'Action' (or type of 'Action') that was specified by the Procedure. Procedures will form the ontological analogue of 'procedural memory' in people. DOLCE: A description that contains a specification to do, realize, behave, etc. Subclasses are plan, technique, practice, project, etc. A sequence-dependent specification. Some examples are industrial processes, ''ComputerPrograms'', finite-state machines, cooking recipes, musical scores, conference schedules, driving directions, and the scripts of plays and movies. In Cyc the class 'DevisedStructuredActivity' has some of the same elements, but a Procedure is a specialization of that category, being that set of activities that have more required order in the execution of the actions specified. This distinction shows up in the category of 'Game' being a subtype of DevisedStructuredActivity' while an industrial process would be a subtype of 'Procedure'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'method, sense 1 of 'procedure', and sense 2 of 'means' and sense 2 of 'way' in WordNet: WN 'method': 1. (112) method - (a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)) WN 'means' 1. (55) means, agency, way - (how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; 'a means of control'; 'an example is the best agency of instruction'; 'the true way to success') WN 'procedure' 1. (41) procedure, process - (a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; 'the procedure of obtaining a driver's license'; 'it was a process of trial and error')
Super-classes	Group^c Method^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only ActionGroup^c
Sub-classes	Technique^c StandardProcedure^c Instructions^c ComputerProgram^c InstructionsDocument^c ProblemSolvingProcedure^c PollingMethod^c LegalProcess^c DiagnosticProcedure^c MusicalComposition^c ComputerInstructionSequence^c TestProcedure^c LearningProcedure^c Coda^c CommunicationProtocol^c Process_PSL^c Recipe^c PracticeProcedure^c Plan^c
In range of	canBeVerifiedBy^op

Proceeds^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proceeds

Description

NOTE: the distinctions and relations between ''Proceeds' ''PaymentAmount'', ''Income'', Wages'', ''Profit'' and closely related types of money received have not yet been fully analyzed. @ToDo. rev1705

     The WN gloss suggests that this should be net profit.  That is not yet represented.
       'gross' versus 'net' income needs to be distinguished.@ToDo. See also 
       attribute ''Gross-NoDeductions''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proceeds' in WordNet:
          1. (3) return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff - 
             (the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land 
             or other property; 'the average return was about 5%')

Super-classes PaymentAmount^c

ProcessBoundary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessBoundary

Description

BFO Definition: A processual entity that is the fiat or bona fide process boundary.

  COSMO note:not used directly.

  BFO: Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is
       the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary.
  BFO: Examples: birth, death, the forming of a synapse, the onset of REM sleep,
       the detaching of a finger in an industrial accident, the final separation of two 
       cells at the end of cell-division, the incision at the beginning of a surgery.

Super-classes SubEvent^c
InstantaneousEvent^c

ProcessComponentEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessComponentEvent`
Description	Each ProcessComponentEvent is an Event that is a component of a 'ProcessiveEvent'. Each ProcessStage will be the result of some Event that causes the ProcessStage. The starting stage of a ProcessiveEvent is not a 'ProcessStage', unless it is the result of an 'initiation' Event.
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some ProcessiveEvent^c
Sub-classes	ProcessStep^c

ProcessIsCompleted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessIsCompleted`
Description	Each 'ProcessIsCompleted' is a 'ProcessStage' that is the last stage of the 'ProcessiveEvent'.
Super-classes	ProcessStage^c
Sub-classes	FoodIsReady^c

ProcessStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessStage`
Description	Each ProcessStage is a PersistentState that is a component of a 'ProcessiveEvent'. Each ProcessStage will be the result of some Event that causes the ProcessStage. The starting stage of a ProcessiveEvent is not a 'ProcessStage', unless it is the result of an 'initiation' Event. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'stage' in WordNet, being more specialized in that it applies only to relatively stable periods during a ProcessiveEvent, and not to the transitions.: in WordNet: 1. (266) phase, stage - (any distinct time period in a sequence of events; 'we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some ProcessiveEvent^c wasCausedBy^op some ProcessComponentEvent^c
Sub-classes	ProcessIsCompleted^c BiologicalDevelopmentState^c

ProcessStep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessStep`
Description	Each ProcessStep is a ProcessComponentEvent that is a realization of part of a 'Procedure'. This represents the notion of 'taking a step' in the course of executing some Procedure or plan to accomplish something. This is a specialization of the parent 'ProcessComponentEvent' in that it is an Action performed by a person (or group) for a purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'step' and sense 4 of 'measure' in WordNet: 1. (41) measure, step - (any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal; 'the situation called for strong measures'; 'the police took steps to reduce crime')`
Super-classes	ProcessComponentEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some ExecutingaProcedure^c
Sub-classes	PuttingFoodOnaPlate^c StartingState^c FinalState^c

ProcessType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of FunctionalProcess as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Gunfight Combat ElectricCurrent FormingProcess RepairingProcess PhysicalProcess TakingCareOfSomethingProcess EconomicDevelopmentProcess LivingProcess StreamCurrent AlternatingCurrent DiseaseProcess DyingProcess AirCurrent CircuitCurrent WaterCurrent Overload FallingProcess RiverCurrent FluidCurrent MilitaryAssault LightningCurrent ExercisingProcess

Process_DOLCE^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Process_DOLCE

Description

COSMO note: as of v0.36, this DOLCE category has not been properly integrated into COSMO.

  DOLCE: Within stative occurrences, we distinguish
 between states and processes  according to homeomericity: 
 sitting is classified as a state but running is classified as a process,
 since there are (very short) temporal parts of a running that
 are not themselves runnings. In general, processes differ
 from situations because they are not assumed to have a description from
 which they depend. They can be sequenced by some course, but they do not
 require a description as a unifying criterion. On the other hand, at any
 time, one can conceive a description that asserts the constraints by which
 a process of a certain type is such, and in this case, it becomes a
 situation. Since the decision of designing an explicit description that
 unifies a perdurant depends on context, task, interest, application, etc.,
 when aligning an ontology do DLP, there can be indecision on where to 
 align a process-oriented class. For example, in the WordNet alignment, we
 have decided to put only some physical processes under 'process', e.g.
 'organic process', in order to stress the social orientedness of DLP. But 
 whereas we need to talk explicitly of the criteria by which we conceive  
 organic processes, these will be put under 'situation'. Similar  
 considerations are made for the other types of perdurants in DOLCE. A
 different notion of event (dealing with change) is currently investigated
 for further developments: being 'achievement', 'accomplishment', 'state',
 'event', etc. can be also considered 'aspects' of processes or of parts of 
 them. For example, the same process 'rock erosion in the Sinni valley' can 
 be conceptualized as an accomplishment (what has brought the current state
 that e.g. we are trying to explain), as an achievement (the erosion
 process as the result of a previous accomplishment), as a state (if we 
 collapse the time interval of the erosion into a time point), or as an 
 event (what has changed our focus from a state to another). In the erosion
 case, we could have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: 
 a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) condensation d) transition
 (causality). If we want to consider all the aspects of a process together, 
 we need to postulate a unifying descriptive set of criteria (i.e. a
 'description'), according to which that process is circumstantiated in a  
 'situation'. The different aspects will arise as a parts of a same situation.

Super-classes stative_DOLCE^c

Process_PSL^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Process_PSL`
Description	A PSL Process is here represented as a procedure with discrete steps, whose realization ('hasExecutionEvent') is a 'ProcessiveEvent', a series of Events (usually Actions) interspersed with their resulting PersistentStates. NOTE that an instance of this type is a 'Description', which is a 'Specification' for actions, (a MentalObject) this is not the actions themselves. The rich formalization of PSL is not yet added in. See 'http://www.mel.nist.gov/psl/psl-ontology/' or search for 'PSL ontology' for more detail In PSL there may be some formalized relations that are not contemplated in the WordNet sense 1 of 'process', but of the Wordnet synsets, that comes closest to the meaning intended. in WordNet: 1. (63) procedure, process - (a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; 'the procedure of obtaining a driver's license'; 'it was a process of trial and error')
Super-classes	Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only ProcessiveEvent^c
Sub-classes	IndustrialProcess^c

Processed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Processed`
Description	Something ''Processed'' is something has has been subjected to a ''ProcessingSomething'' Action. Food, substances, information. `NOTE that ''Refined-Purified'' is a subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'processed' in WordNet: 1. (1) processed - (subjected to a special process or treatment; 'prepared ergot'; 'processed cheeses are easy to spread')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Refined-Purified^c

ProcessedNaturalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessedNaturalObject`
Description	A ProcessedNaturalObject is a natural object that has been removed from its natural setting or modified in place by people, for some purpose. When the modification is intended to create some object that has a purpose, that object becomes an ArtifactObject.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c

ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessedNaturalSubstance`
Description	A ProcessedNaturalSubstance is a substance found in nature that has been removed from its natural setting or modified in place by people, for some purpose. When the modification is intended to create some substance that has a purpose, that object also becomes an ArtificialSubstance.
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c
Sub-classes	DairyProduct^c OrangeJuice^c FruitDrink^c Denim^c Leather^c Petroleum^c Puree^c PreparedFoodStuff^c TomatoBasedSauce^c Butter^c Blubber^c Canvas^c NaturalGas^c TartarSauce^c Lumber^c Lard^c Margarine^c

ProcessingContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessingContainer`
Description	A Container designed to hold something temporarily while it is being processed in some way. The object contained should come out having some attributes different from when it went in. Something happens inside. `"ProcessingSomething" Clasic example: an Oven.`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ProcessingSomething^c isUsedBy^op value Processor^c
Sub-classes	Fireplace^c Oven^c

ProcessingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessingSomething`
Description	''ProcessingSomething'' is ''ExecutingaProcedure'' that uses some resource (of any kind that can be manipulated) to cause a change in something (physical or abstract), Object or Substance (but could be as simple as whipping something by hand). This is very general, and can represent processing substances like food or raw minerals or abstract objects like information or images. It can also represent abstract stuff such as Information or InformationObjects. ''ProcessingSomething''must use some type of ''Procedure' as guide (even if only in a Person's brain) otherwise it can be represented by ''PhysicalTransformationEvent''. 'Processing' done by internal proceses of Organisms are not included in this type. The ''Input'' of this Action is pointed to by relation 'hadChangedEntity'' inherited from ''BecomingEvent''); The ''Input'' can also be specified by relation ''processes'' but that relation can also be used to specify what a ''Processor'' (Device) can 'process'. The ''Output'' of this Action is pointed to by the relation 'produced''; NOTE: the differences between this type and ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' are that ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' uses only physical inputs and ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' is not necessarily performed using a ''Procedure'. So this type is more general in one respect, and more specific in another respect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'processing' and part of verb sense 2 of 'process' (only part of 'treat' is relevant - treating the lawn is not included) in WordNet: 1. (2) processing - (preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; 'the processing of newly arrived immigrants'; 'the processing of ore to obtain minerals') WN verb 'proess': 2. (121) process, treat - (subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; 'process cheese'; 'process hair'; 'treat the water so it can be drunk'; 'treat the lawn with chemicals' ; 'treat an oil spill') WN verb 'convert':: 1. (19) convert - (change the nature, purpose, or function of something; 'convert lead into gold'; 'convert hotels into jails'; 'convert slaves to laborers')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Output^c processes^op value Input^c isAnExecutionOf^op some Procedure^c
Sub-classes	Purifying^c DevelopingFilm^c Refining^c ShapingSomething^c MakingStuffFromMaterials^c Recycling^c Irradiating^c

Procession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Procession`
Description	A 'Procession' is a group of people moving along a linear path in some sequence that is ordered according to some agreed rules. This is a PhysicalObject - a GroupOfPeople, not something abstract. The Eventin which this group of people participate is a 'ProcessionEvent'. A 'Procession' is usually formal or cermonious (as a procession of students at a graduating ceremony, or a funeral procession); however, the requirement for formality is not absolute, as a orderly movement that looks like it is formal but is not can also meet the criteria for being an instance of this type. The Event in which such a GroupOfPeople moves in that way is a 'ProcessionEvent'. In dictionary senses, animals are usually included in the definition of 'procession' in COSMO this is only for people; if needed, its meaning may be expanded or a parallel term for non-human animals may be created. `This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'procession' in RHW, but there is no corresponding sense in WordNet. 1. the act of moving along or proceeding in orderly succession or in a formal and ceremonious manner, as a line of people, animals, vehicles, etc. 2. the line or body of persons or things moving along in such a manner.`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c PhysicalSeries^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some ProcessionEvent^c

ProcessionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessionEvent`
Description	A ''SocialGathering'' in which some GroupOfPeople (possibly in vehicles) form a ''Procession'' and move in an orderly manner, usually by forming a line (which may have more than one person in a row) and moving along the same route. Vehicles may be ridden during a procession, but this is a SocialGathering, and the ProcessionEvent cannot have a commercial purpose. Some element of ceremony or formality is required to make something a 'ProcessionEvent' but the criteria are broad. However, the movement of a military column is not a Procession, nor is a group of people moving along the same route in a competition such as a race. A ProcessionEvent can be a funeral procession, a procession of students at a graduation, or even a parade; a ProcessionEvent need not be solemn. A ProcessionEvent usually takes place on a surface- on land or sea ('an awesome procession of tall ships up the river'), but a Procession of airplanes is a possible instance. The size, purpose, and location of a ''Procession'' can be from very small to very large. A scripted ''Procession'' performed for the purpose of displaying or commemorating or celebrating something, in anticipation of being seen by a group of spectators, is categorized as the subtype ''ParadeEvent'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'procession' in WordNet; only the movement of people is included in this type: in WordNet: 2. procession - (the group action of a collection of people or animals or vehicles moving ahead in more or less regular formation; 'processions were forbidden')
Super-classes	Translation-SingleTrajectory^c SocialGathering^c CulturalEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	ParadeEvent^c

ProcessiveAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessiveAction`
Description	A 'ProcessiveAction' is an Action (an Event in which an Agent perform some activity) which takes places as a series of component Actions. This can be, but does not have to be, an execution of a ''Procedure''. This is a Series of Actions that are related steps executing a ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' and having some common end Goal. This corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'process' and to senses 1 and 2 of 'procedure' and noun sense 3 of 'operation' in WordNet: 1. (63) procedure, process - (a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; 'the procedure of obtaining a driver's license'; 'it was a process of trial and error') WN noun 'procedure': 2. (15) operation, procedure - (a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work; 'the operations in building a house'; 'certain machine operations')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c SeriesWithoutRepetition^c ProcessiveEvent^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Procedure^c
Sub-classes	IndustrialProcessiveEvent^c EmergencyProcedure^c ExecutingaProcedure^c

ProcessiveEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessiveEvent`
Description	A 'ProcessiveEvent' is an Event that consists of a sequence of PersistentStates separated by transition Events. This is related to 'Process_PSL' in that the PSL model of states separated by changes (events) aligns with this type of Event, but 'Process_PSL' is not a physical Event, but a Procedure whose realization is an instance of this type 'ProcessiveEvent'. But not every 'ProcessiveEvent' will be an execution of a Procedure, as there will also be natural ProcessiveEvents. `The PersistentStates of a ProcessiveEvent will be 'ProcessStage's, except perhaps the starting stage. The starting stage may also be a 'ProcessStage' if it is represented as the result of an 'initiation' Event.`
Super-classes	EventGroup^c Event^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (EventType^c or ProcessComponentEvent^c or EventType^c or ProcessStage^c) hasComponentElement^op some (EventType^c or ProcessComponentEvent^c or EventType^c or ProcessStage^c)
Sub-classes	Fractionation^c ModusOperandi^c FractionalDistillation^c PreparingFoodOrDrink^c ProcessiveAction^c

Processor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Processor`
Description	The most general concept of 'processor, meaning a ''Device'' that 'processes' something,i.e. converts some ''Input'' into something with different characteristics.. Many, perhaps most Devices change some attribute of the things it comes in contact with, but this relation should be used to characterize Devices whose main function is to change some property of the 'input' objects or substance into something significantly different, even if only by changing the shape. RHW has sense 1: This is the 'thing' (not the person) that processes. 1. a person or thing that processes. Includes but is much broader than noun sense 1 of 'processor' in WordNet; that sense is represented by 'CentralProcessingUnit'' and is not used as label here. in WordNet: 3. central processing unit, CPU, C.P.U., central processor, processor, mainframe - ((computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing; 'the CPU and the memory form the central part of a computer to which the peripherals are attached')
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	processes^op some (Input^c or InputType^c or EnergySource^c or Object^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	FoodProcessor^c CentralProcessingUnit^c

ProcessualContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessualContext`
Description	''ProcessualContext'' is a BFO type that appears intended to represent a 'context for some Event. in BFO this is disjoint from ''Event'' but in COSMO it is closely related as a subtype of ''EventGroup'' that itself can be represented as an ''Event''. In COSMO prior to linking to BFO, there appears to be no type equvalent to this. Usage is at this point (rev1503) is yet to be determined. BFO 'ProcessualContext': BFO: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape inhering in some arrangement of other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities. Processual context [span:ProcessualContext] entities are characteristically entities at or in which other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities can be located or occur. BFO: Examples: The processual context for a given manipulation occurring as part of an experiment is made of processual entities which occur in parallel, are not necessarily all parts of the experiment themselves and may involve continuant [snap:Continuant] entities which are in the spatial vicinity of the participants in the experiment. BFO: Comment: An instance of a processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is a mixture of processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] which stand as surrounding environments for other processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities. The class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is the analogous among occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities to the class site [snap:Site] among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities.
Super-classes	EventGroup^c
Restrictions	isCorrelatedWith^op some (Event^c or EventGroup^c or EventType^c)

ProcessualEntity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessualEntity`
Description	A ''ProcessualEntity'' is a BFO type that appears to be a union of ''Event'' and ''EventGroup''. in BFO it has five components, but two of those appear to be different views or subtypes of COSMO ''Event''. Since BFO itself has no subtypes for those component types, it is difficult to distinguish them based only on the glosses. The BFO components are: The Corresponding COSMO types are: Process An Event (the parent type of all but the EventGroup) FiatProcessPart An Event that is a subEvent of a larger Event ProcessBoundary ''ProcessBoundary'' is an ''InstantaneousEvent'' that is one end of an Event, and therefore a 'subEvent' of that Event. (but NOt used - instantaneous not used in COSMO) ProcessAggregate An ''EventGroup'' ProcessualContext An EventGroup that cooccurs with or is in some way associated with another Event. `BFO'ProcessualEntity': BFO: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. BFO: Examples: the life of an organism, the process of meiosis, the course of a disease, the flight of a bird.`
Super-classes	SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	EventGroup^c Event^c

Proclaiming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proclaiming`
Description	Each ''Proclaiming'' is a formal ''Declaring'', by some Authority. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prolaim' in WordNet: 2. (10) proclaim, exclaim, promulgate - (state or announce; ''I am not a Communist,' he exclaimed'; 'The King will proclaim an amnesty')`
Super-classes	Declaring^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Proclamation^c
Sub-classes	Entitling^c Nicknaming^c

ProclaimingaTitle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProclaimingaTitle

Description

ProclaimingaTitle is an ''Entitling'' performed by some high Authority (a King or head of state) giving a ''PositionTitle'' to a Person. This need not be a title of nobility, it could be a title associated with some Honor, e.g. 'Nobel Laureate'.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'proclaim' in WordNet:
             1. (13) proclaim - (declare formally; declare someone to be something;
                of titles; 'He was proclaimed King')

Super-classes Entitling^c

Proclamation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proclamation`
Description	A ''Proclamation'' is the Assertion produced by a ''Proclaiming'' Action. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'proclamation' in WordNet: 1. (6) announcement, proclamation, annunciation, declaration - (a formal public statement; 'the government made an announcement about changes in the drug war'; 'a declaration of independence') 2. proclamation, promulgation - (the formal act of proclaiming; giving public notice; 'his promulgation of the policy proved to be premature')`
Super-classes	Declaration^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Proclaiming^c

Proclivity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proclivity

Description

A ''Tendency'' to certain behaviors, applied specifically to humans.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proclivity' in Wordnet:
      1. proclivity, propensity, leaning - (a natural inclination; 'he has a proclivity for exaggeration')

Super-classes PersonTraitValue^c

Procrastinating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Procrastinating`
Description	''Procrastinating''' is a ''Delaying'' by some Person in performing some Action, usually a task or duty, and usually regardless of whether the task has to be performed at some time. 'Waiting until the last moment' is an example. This can be caused by a dislike of the task, or some other task that is more pressing or less unleasant. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'procrastinate' in WordNet: 1. (1) procrastinate, stall, drag one's feet, drag one's heels, shillyshally, dilly-dally, dillydally - (postpone doing what one should be doing; 'He did not want to write the letter and procrastinated for days')`
Super-classes	Delaying^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Uncertainty^c

Proctologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proctologist`
Description	Proctologists specialize in the branch of medicine dealing with the structure and diseases of the anus, rectum, and the sigmoid colon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proctologist' in WordNet: 1. proctologist - (a doctor specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Anus^c

Proctor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proctor`
Description	A ''Proctor'' is someone who wathces the atcitivies of other people to be certain that they follow the rules of some Organization in some specific circustance. This can be while students take examinations, or while they are doing other activities (as a hall monitor'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proctor' in WordNet: 1. proctor, monitor - (someone who supervises (an examination))`
Super-classes	AdministrativeStaffPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Monitoring^c

Procuring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Procuring`
Description	''PhysicalObject'' is the Action of ''Obtaining'' a ''PhysicalObject'' performed by an indidivual Person or an Organization. For an indidivual person, this often includes a 'trip' to obtain the object, but could be accomplished by telephone or other remote communication to a source that delivers the desired Object. The Object(s) or supplies obtained may be or the use of the Person doing the ''Procuring'' or for another agent to whom the Object(s) will be delivered (as an agent) or sold. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'procure' in WordNet: 1. (3) procure, secure - (get by special effort; 'He procured extra cigarettes even though they were rationed') WN noun sense 1 of 'procurement': 1. (8) procurement, procurance, procural - (the act of getting possession of something; 'he was responsible for the procurement of materials and supplies')`
Super-classes	Obtaining^c AcquisitionOfProperty^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	causes^op some PhysicalPossession^c hadObjectObtained^op value Supplies^c resultsInAcquisitionOf^op some PhysicalObject^c

Procyonid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Procyonid`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'procyonid' in WordNet: 1. procyonid - (plantigrade carnivorous mammals)`
Super-classes	Carnivore^c
Sub-classes	Raccoon^c Panda^c

ProddingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProddingDevice`
Description	A ''ProddingDevice'' is a ''Device'' with a pointed end that is stuck into an animal to make the animal move. `This includes prods that are shaped like a pole as well as the ''Spur''s worn in riding horses. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prod' in WordNet: 2. prod, goad - (a pointed instrument that is used to prod into a state of motion)`
Super-classes	Device^c PointyEndedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Thrusting^c
Sub-classes	Spur^c

Prodigy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prodigy`
Description	A ''Prodigy'' is a young 'SmartPerson'' with an exceptional level of intelligence, with impressive skills developed at a surprisingly young age. The achievement can be of intellectual or artistic endeavors. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prodigy' in WordNet: 1. prodigy - (an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration; 'she is a chess prodigy')`
Super-classes	Genius^c YoungHuman^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Precocious^c

ProducingGoodsAndServices^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProducingGoodsAndServices`
Description	A stub for future elaboration of macroeconomics.
Super-classes	Production-Generic^c EconomicAction^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value NationalEconomy^c produced^op value Product^c hasSubEvent^op value Selling^c isaTopicOf^op value Economics^c

ProducingaMovie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProducingaMovie`
Description	A ''ProducingaMovie'' is a ''ProducingaShow'' where the 'show' is a recording of some Events, usually having people in it, but not necessarily, as this includes documentaries which may have no actors,and in the case of nature documentaries, perhaps no people (except for a narrator adding sound). Ther may be more than one formal ''MovieProducer'' credited in producing a movie.
Super-classes	ProducingaShow^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some (Movie^c or MovieRecord^c or MovieFilm^c or FilmingaMovie^c or MakingaMovie^c) causedCreationOf^op some (Movie^c or MovieRecord^c or MovieFilm^c or FilmingaMovie^c or MakingaMovie^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op some MovieProducer^c

ProducingaShow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProducingaShow`
Description	A ''ProducingaShow'' is an Action performed by a Person who organizes and finds financing for a ''EntertainmentPerformance'' (a show) of some kind - play, movie, or other. There may be more than one ''Producer'' of a ''DramaticPerformance'', in which case they are co-producers. `There is no WN sense for this sense of 'produce'. RHW 'produce': 8. to bring (a play, movie, opera, etc.) before the public.`
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c Production^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ShowProducer^c causedCreationOf^op some DramaticPerformance^c
Sub-classes	ProducingaMovie^c Production^c

Product^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Product`
Description	COSMO note: a Product is something of a kind that is or was usually created with the intention that it be sold in exchange for money or some other valuable thing. It may be a physical object (or substance), a service, or a right. A stock option, for example,is categorized as a right rather than an object or service, but is created as a 'Product' for sale. Because things created commercially may also be created by individuals for their own use, being a Product does not necessarily mean that each individual instance was in fact created with the intention to be sold. Creation for sale means that things of this Type will usually be found on the market, or was mostly found on the market at one time. Antique objects will still be Products even after that kind of object is no longer manufactured. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of temporal things. Instances of #$Product are individual goods, services, investments, etc.- basically anything that is offered (or may be exchanged) for money or trade. Typically, #$Products are things that are intended to be sold or used for some kind of service in exchange for money at least once in their lifetime. Examples: a Lexus sedan, a package of McDonald's french fries, a massage, a bouquet of flowers, a share in a money market fund, the services of a real estate agent, a research satellite. See also #$Artifact. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'product' and sense 1 of 'output' and sense 3 (physical objects) of 'materialization' in Wordnet, but is interpeted as a singular item. NOTE that a batch containing nultiple items can be represented as a Group, which then, as a Group, can be considered a 'ManufacturedGoods'. in WordNet: 1. (560) merchandise, ware, product - (commodities offered for sale; 'good business depends on having good merchandise'; 'that store offers a variety of products') WN noun 'output': 1. (5) end product, output - (final product; the things produced) WN noun 'materialization': 3. offspring, materialization, materialisation - (something that comes into existence as a result; 'industrialism prepared the way for acceptance of the French Revolution's various socialistic offspring'; 'this skyscraper is the solid materialization of his efforts')
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	ConstructionObject^c ProfessionalServicing^c Output^c PeriodicalSeries^c ProductSubstance^c WebServiceEvent^c PetroleumBasedProduct^c NuclearProduct^c BuildingMaterial^c AnimalProduct^c PharmacyProduct^c Commodity^c DisposableProduct^c ProductObject^c

ProductDisplayOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProductDisplayOrganization`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Organizations that, though they might sell something, primarily serve to put items on display for the public. Major specs include #$Museum-Organization and #$Library-Organization.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	MuseumOrganization^c Library-Organization^c

ProductObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProductObject`
Description	ProductObject is an Artifact produced for sale: This differs from parent 'Product' in that it is a PhysicalObject, and cannot be a substance or service (which is not usually referred to as a 'product' except informally or metaphorically). It can be a quantity of substance. Although SUMO requires a ProductObject to be manufactured, an agricultural product or raw material extracted from the Earth is also included in this COSMO type, such as an ear of corn (conforming with the WordNet usage of 'product'). Any Object sold at retail or wholesale is a 'ProductObject'. @ToDo: It is possible to distinguish things offered for sale (wares, merchandise) as a subtype of things produced for sale, but that is left to a later elaboration. SUMO: An Artifact that is produced by Manufacture and that is intended to be sold. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'product', sense 4 of 'good' (usually used in the plural, as 'goods'), sense 2 of 'ware' and sense 1 of 'merchandise' in WordNet: WN 'good' (for the list of these see ''ProductsForSale''.) 4. commodity, trade good, good - (articles of commerce) WN 'product' 2. (138) product, production - (an artifact that has been created by someone or some process; 'they improve their product every year'; 'they export most of their agricultural production') WN 'ware': 2. merchandise, ware, product - - (commodities offered for sale; 'good business depends on having good merchandise'; 'that store offers a variety of products') WN noun 'thing': 3. (224) thing - (an artifact; 'how does this thing work?')
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Product^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ForSale^c
Sub-classes	ByProduct^c SpinOff^c HandCraft^c Import^c DrugObject^c Export^c ManufacturedGoods^c

ProductSpecialization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProductSpecialization`
Description	A ''ProductSpecialization'' is a Group of Products that a manufacturer makes or a merchant sells. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'line of products' in WordNet: 22. (1) line, product line, line of products, line of merchandise, business line, line of business - (a particular kind of product or merchandise; 'a nice line of shoes')`
Super-classes	Group^c Scope^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Product^c

ProductSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProductSubstance`
Description	ProductSubstance is an ArtificialSubstance produced for sale:
Super-classes	Product^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Blend^c BranFood^c ConsumableProduct^c CosmeticLotion^c

ProductType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProductType`
Description	'ProductType' is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of Product (i.e. something for sale) as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	PetroleumProductType^c
In range of	hasCommodityType^op
Members	HairSpray CosmeticLotion

Production^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Production`
Description	A ''Production'' is a ''PresentingaDisplay'' in which some Person plans some of the details of a ''Performance'' whether a ''DramaticPerformance'' (a ''MoviePerformance'' or ''Play'') or a 'Broadcasting'' Action, live or recorded. `For Movies this may be done by a ''MovieDirector'' or ''ShowProducer'' or both together, with or without other particpants. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'production' in WordNet: 2. (146) production - (a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television; 'have you seen the new production of Hamlet?')`
Super-classes	ProducingaShow^c PlanningAnOperation^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op value Performance^c
Sub-classes	TheatricalProduction^c ProducingaShow^c

Production-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Production-Generic`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$CreationEvent, each of which is a production event, regardless of whether it is a commercial production, a biological production, or something that involves both. The distinction between #$Production-Generic and #$CreationEvent is suble; one can create a mess, but not produce one. More precisely, a production event appears to require that the activity be directed, in some sense, by a 'telos' or 'end' (nym)
Super-classes	Creation^c
Sub-classes	ProducingGoodsAndServices^c Breeding^c BiologicalProductionEvent^c

ProductionCapacity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProductionCapacity

Description

'A ''ProductionCapacity'' is a ''PhysicalAttribute'' that is the maximum quantity (units or weight or volume) of material that can be produced in some unt of time by a ''ManufacturingFacility''..

      Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'capacity' in WordNet:
        4. (3) capacity - (the maximum production possible; 
          "the plant is working at 80 per cent capacity")

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

ProductionCrew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProductionCrew`
Description	A ''ProductionCrew'' is a ''Crew'' who work together to support the ''CastOfaPerformance'' who are performing on a ''StageOrSet'' in an ''EntertainmentPerformance''. This Includes everyone participating in the production event who is not a member of the''CastOfaPerformance''), including the ''MovieDirector'' (for movies) as well. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crew' in WordNet: 2. (4) gang, crew, work party - (an organized group of workmen)`
Super-classes	Crew^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value EntertainmentPerformance^c typicallyWorksAt^op value StageOrSet^c
Sub-classes	MovieProductionCrew^c

Productive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Productive`
Description	'Productive' is an attribute of people who perform as much or more work as is expected for a typical worker who is supposed to perform that task. This is the opposite of 'Unproductive' which characterizes workers who do not produce as much as expected for someone whose job is that task. `Corresponds part of to adjective sense 1 of 'productive' in WordNet: 1. (8) productive - (producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly); 'productive farmland'; 'his productive years'; 'a productive collaboration')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Prolific^c

Productivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Productivity`
Description	''Productivity'' is a ''RateMeasure'' used to specify how many things (objects or weight) are produced in some way, either per unit time, or per unit ''Resource'' (of any kind). This is important as a quantitative measure of economic For industrial productions this can be tons per year or units (e.g. automobiles) per year. The number of people required to perform business activity is also a measure of Porductivity, in this case it is the use of a Resource other than time. This can be used as a measure of production capacity for any number of different types of production. NOTE that this concept is also a form of 'efficiency', as in sense 2 in RHW: 2. accomplishment of or ability to accomplish a job with a minimum expenditure of time and effort: The assembly line increased industry's efficiency. , but the term ''Efficiency'' in COSMO is used specifically for the ratio of output/input (somewhat narrower than WN sense 1.)., and ''Productivity'' is nore specific for use in Economics. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'productivity' and part of sense 1 and 2 of 'efficiency' in WordNet: 2. productivity - ((economics) the ratio of the quantity and quality of units produced to the labor per unit of time) WN noun 'efficiency': 1. (13) efficiency - (the ratio of the output to the input of any system) 2. (9) efficiency - (skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort; 'she did the work with great efficiency')
Super-classes	RateMeasure^c ConstantQuantity^c
Restrictions	contrastsWith^op value Inefficiency^c

ProductsForSale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProductsForSale`
Description	A ''ProductsForSale'' list is an ''Inventory'' of the actual group of PhysicalObjects (''Merchandise'') available for purchase )onsale) from one particular vendor. This list may be represented in a physical ''Catalogue''.
Super-classes	List^c Series^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Merchandise^c

Profane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profane

Description

''Profane'' speech or writing is considered ''Offensive'' by some people thought not necessarily by others.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'profane' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) blasphemous, blue, profane - (characterized by profanity or cursing;
             'foul-mouthed and blasphemous'; 'blue language'; 'profane words')

Super-classes Inelegant^c
Offensive^c

Profanity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profanity`
Description	An instance of ''Profanity'' is a word or phrase that contains words considered as ''Profane''. NOTE: RHW sense 1 of 'profane' is for things that express contempt for God or religion.; 1. characterized by irreverence or contempt for God or sacred principles or things; irreligious. Tnis conforms to one categorization that distingushes the 'profane' from the 'obscene', as differentiating impoliteness relative to religion with impoliteness referencing reproduction or excretion. "impolite" #quality" Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech Profanity - Profane - Profaneness Cursing - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'profanity' (irreverence) in WordNet: 1. (1) profanity - (vulgar or irreverent speech or action)
Super-classes	InelegantSpeech^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Profane^c
Sub-classes	Blaspheming^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dammit

ProfessingAllegiance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessingAllegiance`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'profess' in WordNet: 2. (3) profess - (confess one's faith in, or allegiance to; 'The terrorists professed allegiance to the Muslim faith'; 'he professes to be a Communist')`
Super-classes	Declaring^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op only (Allegiance^c or Belief^c or BeliefType^c)

Profession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profession`
Description	A 'Profession' is an Occupation requiring significant training, either by practice or apprenticeship, or by study at college level such as as 'Nursing' or 'Accounting' or 'Teaching', but used more broadly for almost any level of expertise. At this point, a 'Profession' is not restricted to the traditional professions of doctor, lawyer, etc.,and does not imply ''LicensedProfessional'' as a practitioner. To restrict this further, a subtype should be created; in that case,the associated 'ProfessionalPerson' should have corresponding subtypes. 'electrician' or 'plumber' can be a 'Professional' in this sense. `A 'Profession' is practised by a 'ProfessionalPerson'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'profession' in WordNet: 2. (5) profession - (an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences))`
Super-classes	Occupation^c
Restrictions	isTheOccupationOfA^op some (ProfessionalPerson^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	Journalism^c Accounting^c DirectingMovies^c ArtAsaProfession^c SkilledTrade^c LeadingaState^c ProfessionalAuthoring^c MusicAsaProfession^c Medicine-Occupation^c TeachingAsAnOccupation^c LawAsAnOccupation^c SingingProfessionally^c

Professional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Professional

Description

'Professional' is an AttributeValue of a Person who does some kind of activity for pay, and usually as his/her main job. The relation to 'ProfessionalServicing' is only a placeholder, it is not adequately detailed.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'professional' in WordNet:
        1. (12) professional - (engaged in a profession or engaging 
           in as a profession or means of livelihood; '
           the professional man or woman possesses distinctive qualifications';
           'began her professional career after the Olympics';
           'professional theater'; 'professional football'; 'a professional cook';
           'professional actors and athletes')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Professional-Adult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Professional-Adult`
Description	A specialization of both #$HumanAdult and #$PersonWithOccupation. A person is an instance of #$Professional-Adult just in case he or she is an adult and a professional. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'professional' in WordNet: 1. (3) professional, professional person - (a person engaged in one of the learned professions)`
Super-classes	ProfessionalPerson^c HumanAdult^c
Sub-classes	Cleric^c Chef^c Baker^c SportsOfficial^c LegalProfessional^c Practitioner^c Forester^c Geographer^c Journalist^c Embryologist^c Licensed-Professional^c Designer^c Scriptwriter^c Librarian^c Astronomer^c Psychologist^c EmergencyWorker^c Historian^c Diplomat^c Warrior^c Philosopher^c AircraftCrewMember^c Endocrinologist^c Editor^c BusinessPerson^c Economist^c Technician^c Butcher^c Biologist^c Anthropologist^c Engineer^c Cryptographer^c FoodProfessional^c Photographer^c Publicist^c Gastroenterologist^c AthleticCoach^c Ecologist^c Lobbyist^c

ProfessionalArtist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalArtist`
Description	One who gets paid (sometimes) to produce works of Art.
Super-classes	ProfessionalPerson^c Artist^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value ArtAsaProfession^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RogerPrice http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schulz

ProfessionalAthlete^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalAthlete

Description

A ''ProfessionalAthlete'' is an ''Athlete'' who plays sports fpr money as a profession.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pro' in WordNet:
          1. (1) professional, pro - (an athlete who plays for pay)

Super-classes Athlete^c

ProfessionalAuthor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalAuthor`
Description	Any 'Author' who has gained something of monetary value by sale or licensing of a work authored.
Super-classes	Author^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value ProfessionalAuthoring^c
Sub-classes	Novelist^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharlesDarwin http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Einstein http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JohnLennon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shakespeare

ProfessionalAuthoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalAuthoring`
Description	the professon of authoring in which the Author has gained something of monetary value by sale or licensing of a work authored.
Super-classes	Profession^c

ProfessionalBroker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalBroker`
Description	A ''Broker'' is subtype of ''Broker'' who is an ''Agent'' who buys or sells things for another for a ''Commission-Fee''. CYC: Instances of the collection #$Broker are #$BusinessPersons who act as intermediaries between buyers (see #$buyer) and seller (see #$seller). A #$Broker facilitates the finalization and conclusion of a #$SalesContract, and receives a fee for this service. The #$Broker is therefore a #$providerOfService within and of the #$ServiceEvents, brokering. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broker' in WordNet: 1. (1) agent, factor, broker - (a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission)
Super-classes	Broker^c BusinessPerson^c Agent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Brokering^c typicallyWorksAt^op value Brokerage^c
Sub-classes	StockBroker^c

ProfessionalGoup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalGoup`
Description	A ''Priesthood'' is a ''CommunityOfInterest'' that is ''ReligiousGroup'' that serves as leaders of some Group with a specific religious Bellief. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'profession' in WordNet: 1. (7) profession, community - (the body of people in a learned occupation; 'the news spread rapidly through the medical community')`
Super-classes	CommunityOfInterest^c GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Professional^c hasMember^op only ProfessionalPerson^c
Sub-classes	Priesthood^c

ProfessionalPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalPerson`
Description	A person with a skill at some activity that can be paid for. COSMO note: this type and its subtypes do not require that a person characterized by one of these types necessarily makes a living from performing the skills associated with these type. This type is a designation for skilled people, and skilled people who are amateurs or volunteers also qualify, but the skill must be at the level of a professional, and the activity must be one that people are commonly paid for performing, when working for the benefit of others. COSMO note: in COSMO there is a borderline set of occupations that can be considered as 'trades' and also as 'professional', such as ''Butcher'' and ''Baker''. If one wants to specify only adults that are professionals, one can use ''Professional-Adult''. Cyc: The collection of all people who work at a job that requires a skill that most adults do not have. This skill is normally achieved through training, however people who use a native skill such as an artistic skill, in their work are also considered Professionals. A person with a #$HighSchoolDiploma, but no additional training, is not expected to be able to be hired to a professional position and perform the job requirements. The training need not be academic in nature. One can be a professional child actress, chess player, boxer, or shaman, as well as a professional lawyer, architect, secretary, or politician. Although factory workers, farm workers, construction workers, etc. develop a level of skill that makes them able to do their jobs far better than a person off the street (professional or not) these positions are not considered professional positions because the skill is developed experientially on the job. NOTE that this includes two distinguishable senses of 'professional' (1) a member of one of the 'learned' professions - doctor, lawyer, teacher, scientist; (2) someone who does something for pay. WordNet sense 2 is a specialization of this second sense, for athletes. But one can also be a 'professional dancer' or 'professional gambler'. See adjective 'Professional'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'professional' in WordNet: 1. (3) professional, professional person - (a person engaged in one of the learned professions) 2. (1) professional, pro - (an athlete who plays for pay)
Super-classes	Role^c SkilledWorker^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Professional^c practicesOccupation^op some (Profession^c or OccupationType^c)
Sub-classes	HealthProfessional^c Seamstress^c Professional-Adult^c Tailor^c ProfessionalArtist^c Investigator^c Explorer^c PublicOfficial^c Writer^c Instructor^c EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional^c HeadOfState^c LawEnforcementAgent^c MediaProfessional^c

ProfessionalPrinter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalPrinter`
Description	A ''ProfessionalPrinter'' is a Person who controls a ''PrintingPress'' to perform ''CommercialPrinting'' as an occupation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pressman' in WordNet: 1. printer, pressman - (someone whose occupation is printing)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	controls^op value PrintingPress^c performsAction^op value CommercialPrinting^c

ProfessionalServicing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalServicing`
Description	Indicates the actions needed for the recipient to receive some service from a professional provider. Only one of these actions is the actual #$ProfessionalServicing process itself; the recipient must also make an appointment and (via inheritance from even more general scripts) show up for the appointment, pay for the service, etc.
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c Product^c WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Chiropractic^c ConsultingService^c HealthCareEvent^c Biofeedback^c CuttingHair^c Acupuncture^c Vaccinating^c

ProfessionalSinger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProfessionalSinger`
Description	A person who is or has been paid for singing on more than one occasion, not including a person who only happens to be singing at some particular time, or who usually sings unpaid for pleasure or entertaining others. `Called 'Singer' in Cyc. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'singer' in WordNet: 1. (3) singer, vocalist, vocalizer, vocaliser - (a person who sings)`
Super-classes	MusicalPerformer^c Singer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Singing^c
Sub-classes	RockStar^c OperaStar^c

Professionalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Professionalism`
Description	''Expertise'' is a high level of 'Skill' such as that possessed by an ''Expert''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'professionalism' in WordNet: 1. professionalism - (the expertness characteristic of a professional person)`
Super-classes	Expertise^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ProfessionalPerson^c

Professionally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Professionally

Description

'''Professionally'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify an action to assert that they are performed as part of a paid''Profession'' or were performed with the skill of a paid expert, or were performed by some 'ProfessionalPerson''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'professionally' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) professionally - (in a professional manner; 'professionally trained staff')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Professor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Professor`
Description	SUMO: The Profession of being a teacher at a PostSecondarySchool. `NOTE: this is general for college and university teachers generally. The various ranks will have more specific titles such as ''FullProfessor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'professor' in Wordnet: 1. (20) professor, prof - (someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university)`
Super-classes	Employee^c Teacher^c AcademicProfessional^c Person^c
Sub-classes	AssistantProfessor^c AssociateProfessor^c FullProfessor^c

Proficiency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proficiency`
Description	''Proficiency'' is a high level of ''Skill'' for Actions that require some body movement to accomplish, as with playing a MusicalInstrument, or repairing Devices. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'proficiency' in WordNet: 1. (1) proficiency - (the quality of having great facility and competence)`
Super-classes	Skill^c
Restrictions	isaHigherLevelOf^op value Skill^c isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Skillful^c

Profile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profile`
Description	A ''Profile'' is an AbstractImage that represents a ''SideView'' of something. This is most commonly used for a'profile' of a person's face, but this type is for any ''SideView''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'profile' in WordNet: 2. (3) profile - (a side view representation of an object (especially a human face))`
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op only SideView^c

Profiling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profiling`
Description	This sense of ''Profiling'' is the Action in which a Person observes and analyzes certain characteristics of another Person to decide if that Person belongs to some particular ''GroupOfPeople'', i.e. performs ''BeingaMemberOfaGroup''. `One form of this Action that is highly offensive is that of 'racial profiling', the use of a Person's visible racial characteristics to determine the likelihood that that person may be a criminal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'profiling' in WordNet: 1. profiling - (recording a person's behavior and analyzing psychological characteristics in order to predict or assess their ability in a certain sphere or to identify a particular group of people)`
Super-classes	Identifying^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value BeingaMemberOfaGroup^c

Profit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profit`
Description	'Income' is the total of PaymentAmounts that are received in some particular time interval by an enterprise (business), that are not offset by losses - this is the net income of business; its units are MoneyMeasure per TimeInterval. This can be a quantity for only one time interval (profit in 2007) or, can represent a regular and recurring payment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'profit' in WordNet: 1. (6) net income, net, net profit, lucre, profit, profits, earnings - (the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses))`
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c
Sub-classes	StockDividend^c

Profitability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profitability`
Description	''Profitability'' is a state in which the entity in focus (usually a ''Business'') has the quality ''Profitable''. This is appropriate for profit-making enterprises. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'profitability' in WordNet: 1. (1) profitableness, profitability, gainfulness, lucrativeness - (the quality of affording gain or benefit or profit)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Business^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Profitable^c

Profitable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profitable`
Description	''Profitable'' is an attribute of Actions that produce a literal monetary (not metaphorical) ''Profit'' . For Actions that produce more than a little ''Profit'' the subattribute ''Lucrative'' should be used. `NOTE: 'fruitful' is closer to WN senses 2 and 3 of 'profitable'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and parts of senses 3 and 4 of 'profitable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) profitable - (yielding material gain or profit; 'profitable speculation on the stock market') 3. profitable, profit-making - (providing profit; 'a profitable conversation') 4. fruitful, profitable - (productive of profit; 'a profitable enterprise'; 'a fruitful meeting')`
Super-classes	Beneficial^c
Sub-classes	Lucrative^c

Profligate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profligate

Description

''Profligate'' is a subattribute of 'Wasteful'' characterizing a Person who often spends money on unnecessary things.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'profligate' in WordNet:
         1. extravagant, prodigal, profligate, spendthrift - 
            (recklessly wasteful; 'prodigal in their expenditures')

Super-classes Wasteful^c

Profound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Profound

Description

Attribute of MentalEvents (thinking or emotion) indicating that the degree of complexity or level of penetration (number of steps in the set of relations) in mind (for thinking) or the intensity of emotion is significantly greater than the average for that type of context. 'profound thinker' 'profound grief'

       This attribute could serve as a linguistic way to express
          'isMoreIntenseThan'

        @ToDo: contrasts with 'shallow' thinking (not yet rep r1421).
        isTheOppositeOf rdf:resource="#Shallow

       Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'profound' and sense 1 and 2 of
         'deep' in WordNet:
         1. (12) profound - (showing intellectual penetration or emotional depths;
            from the depths of your being; 'the differences are profound'; 
            'a profound insight'; 'a profound book'; 'a profound mind'; 
            'profound contempt'; 'profound regret')
       WN adj 'deep':
         1. (16) deep - (relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply;
               'a deep breath'; 'a deep sigh'; 'deep concentration'; 'deep emotion';
               'a deep trance'; 'in a deep sleep')
         2. (12) deep - (marked by depth of thinking; 'deep thoughts'; 'a deep allegory')

Super-classes BiologicalAttributeValue^c

Progesterone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Progesterone

Description

The steroid hormone.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'progesterone' in Wordnet:
         1. progesterone, Lipo-Lutin - (a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced 
          in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy)

Super-classes SteroidHormone^c

Prognosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prognosis`
Description	A ''Prognosis'' is a 'Prediction' about how some current situation (including an ''AilmentCondition'') will develop in the future. For predicting weather, use subtype ''WeatherForecast''. `WN noun 'prognosis': in WordNet: 1. (1) prognosis, forecast - (a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop)`
Super-classes	Prediction^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some PhysicalSituation^c
Sub-classes	MedicalPrognosis^c WeatherForecast^c

Prognostication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prognostication`
Description	A ''Prognostication''' is a ''Prediction'' made by a ''Prophet, which carries great weight among those for whom that Prophet is a Leader or Teacher. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prophecy' in WordNet: 1. (2) prophecy, prognostication, vaticination - (knowledge of the future (usually said to be obtained from a divine source))`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Prophet^c

ProgramForPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProgramForPerformance`
Description	A ''ProgramForPerformance'' is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document that might be termed a 'program' as for a ''MusicalPerformance''. Each ''ProgramForPerformance'' is a Specification for the order in which certain actitivies are to be performed, This is very general,but is the abstract information content,not the physical pamphlet as a 'program' for a play or sports event. Includes parts of noun senses 2, 4, and 8 of 'program' in WordNet: 2. (175) plan, program, programme - (a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; 'they drew up a six-step plan'; 'they discussed plans for a new bond issue') 4. (60) course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus - (an integrated course of academic studies; 'he was admitted to a new program at the university') 8. (8) program, programme - (an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event; 'you can't tell the players without a program')
Super-classes	Specification^c Narrative^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only Action^c
Sub-classes	AdvertisementScript^c TherapyRegimen^c Storyboard^c StoryProgram^c DanceSpecification^c DramaticComposition^c ExerciseProgram^c

ProgrammedExercises^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProgrammedExercises`
Description	''ProgrammedExercises''is a Group of ''ExercisingEvent''s specified by some ''ExerciseProgram''. The program can be quite informal and only in the mind of the exerciser, or more stereotyped and formal.
Super-classes	Action^c Group^c ExercisingEvent^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value ExerciseProgram^c hasComponentElement^op value ExercisingEvent^c
Sub-classes	YogaExercises^c

ProgrammingLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProgrammingLanguage`
Description	In CYC 'Abstract': A specialization of #$ComputerLanguage, #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage is the collection of languages invented for the purpose of composing computer programs (i.e., instances of #$ComputerProgram-CW), as opposed to merely facilitating interaction between pieces of software or indicating how to represent pieces of text. Thus, #$ComputerLanguages such as #$Lisp are instances of #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage, whereas #$ComputerLanguages such as #$HypertextMarkupLanguage are not. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'programming language' in WordNet: 1. programming language, programing language - ((computer science) a language designed for programming computers)`
Super-classes	ComputerLanguage^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fortran http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PythonProgrammingLanguage

Progressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Progressing`
Description	An ImprovementEvent in which some aspect a situation improves in the direction of some definable goal state. This is not for physical motion. his is also a 'Development'' event, and is a very broad concept, and can be considered a metaphoric 'AdvancingEvent' - advancing in aqcquiring some positive quality. . It could apply to economic progress, personal development, progress in creation of some artifact, progress toward some goal of a group, or many other things considered as 'progress'. It also includes symbolic Events that signify completion of Progress, such as Graduation. For physical movement forward, use 'AdvancingEvent'. Includes noun sense 4 and part of verb sense 1 (for figurative progress toward a goal) of 'advance' in WordNet: 4. (1) progress, progression, procession, advance, advancement, forward motion, onward motion - (the act of moving forward toward a goal) WN verb 'advance': 1. (7) advance, progress, pass on, move on, march on, go on - (move forward, also in the metaphorical sense; 'Time marches on') WN verb 'progress': 1. (12) progress, come on, come along, advance, get on, get along, shape up - (develop in a positive way; 'He progressed well in school'; 'My plants are coming along'; 'Plans are shaping up')
Super-classes	Development^c
Sub-classes	Graduation^c MentalDevelopment^c EconomicDevelopmentEvent^c

Progression^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Progression

Description

NOTE: The difference between WN 'forward motion' and WN'Progression' is vgaue. This type is for a ''ForwardMotion'' that has some location as a goal endpoint.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'progression' in WordNet:
         2. (1) progress, progression, advance - (a movement forward; 
            'he listened for the progress of the troops')

Super-classes Translocation^c
ForwardMotion^c

Progressive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Progressive`
Description	''Progressive'' is the attribute of something, often a Situation, undergoing ''Progressing', or of things or people that promote ''Progressing''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'progressive' in WordNet: 1. (3) progressive - (favoring or promoting progress; 'progressive schools')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PoliticallyLiberal^c Reformist^c

Prohibition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prohibition`
Description	A Prohibition is a 'Restriction' which does not merely limit a range of behavior (some specific Action or ActionType), but prohibits it entirely. This contrasts with Rules requiring certain actions. Many laws are Prohibitions. NOTE that this is a ''Rule'', which is the abstract content of the prohibition; the linguistic rule that seems to be included in the WN sense (a 'decree') is not included directly here. This should be a direct unconditional forbidding. Regulations may be of the type 'if one does this, one must also do this'. This can be construed indirectly as a Prohibition (from doing something unless . . .) but that type of regulation is not an instance of the 'Prohibition' type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prohibition' in Wordnet: 2. (2) prohibition, ban, proscription - (a decree that prohibits something)
Super-classes	Restriction^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some Forbidding^c
Sub-classes	Injunction^c Curfew^c BanOnAbortion^c

Project^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Project`
Description	COSMO note: An Action consisting of a series of individual actions, extending over more than a few minutes of time. This is very general and includes small 'projects' undertaken by an individual such as repairing a window.Larger Projects with more than one person are represented as 'CollaborativeProject' `This is more specialized than just working, in requiring some degree of planning and a defined final goal. This can include large ''Venture''s (such as commercial ventures) or formal ''ResearchProject''s of any size or kind, reqiring some planner(s) who take(s) the initiative in starting the project. Cyc: An organized endeavor with a set goal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'project' in WordNet: 2. (1) project, projection - (a planned undertaking)`
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	ResearchProject^c CollaborativeProject^c Venture^c

Projected^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Projected

Description

''Projected'' is the attribute of a description of some ''FutureSituation'' that was predicted by a process of ''ProjectingaFutureSituation''. 'projected earnings' 'projected yield'.

        ??No sense in WH or RHW for this concept??

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

ProjectedImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectedImage`
Description	A ''ProjectedImage'' is a ''GenericImage'' consisting of reflected light waves that were projected onto some Surface by a ''Projector'' or other lensed optical device (such as a magnifying glass projecting the sun's image on the ground). `NOTE that a movie projected on a screen is actually a series of ''ProjectedImages'' projected in rapid succession. NOTE: WN sense 2 of 'projection' might be interpreted as the nomalized act of projecting an image, but this type is for the image that is projected on a screen (or wall). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'projection' in WordNet: 2. (3) projection - (the projection of an image from a film onto a screen)`
Super-classes	Reflection^c GenericImage^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByArtifact^op value Projector^c

Projectile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Projectile`
Description	In Cyc called 'Projectile-Device'. A Projectile is an ArtifactObject designed to be propelled by the impulse delivered either by another object, or by thrust generated from part of the object itself. In many but not all cases, after the impulse is delivered, the Projectile then travels solely under ballistic (gravitational) forces. It may or may not not be a weapon; a baseball thrown to a catcher is a Projectile, as is a football or javelin. However, a rock thrown just to be skipped across the surface of a lake is not designed as a Projectile and is not an instance of this Type. The role of 'projectile' taken by various natural or artifact objects thrown by people or forces of nature would be specified by a case role relation. Cyc: The collection of all projectiles. Some instances of this collection, such as cannon balls, arrows, missiles are (intended to be) thrown, hurled, fired, or launched at their targets. The other instances, such as pistol cartridges, shot gun cartridges, or #$ArtilleryShells have parts which are intended to be fired at their targets. Many are #$ProjectileWeapons, e.g. instances of #$Arrow, #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet, or #$Torpedo, while others are not, e.g. #$FootballBall-American. The motive force in a propelling of a #$Projectile-Device may come from a distinct #$ProjectileLauncher or #$Person, but many are self-propelled after leaving the launcher. NOTE that in SUMO every Projectile is a Weapon. See 'ProjectileWeapon' for the SUMO 'Projectile'. Includes but is broader than (not just weapons) WordNet sense 1 of 'projectile': in WordNet: 1. (2) projectile, missile - (a weapon that is forcibly thrown or projected at a targets but is not self-propelled)
Super-classes	PoweredDevice^c ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	ProjectileWeapon^c BallisticProjectile^c Dart^c Spitball^c BB^c

ProjectileCasing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectileCasing`
Description	Every element of #$ProjectileCasing contains a projectile (or a set of projectiles, e.g. shot fired from a shot gun) and explosive material. When a gun is fired an explosive contained inside a #$ProjectileCasing is detonated. This detonation forces the projectile out the open end of the #$ProjectileCasing at high velocity. `casing`
Super-classes	CylindricalHollowObject^c Casing^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ProjectileShellAssembly^c

ProjectileLauncher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectileLauncher`
Description	$ProjectileLauncher is a specialization of `#$Conveyance-Stationary and #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$ProjectileLauncher is a physical device used to launch a #$Projectile-Device. A few notable specializations are #$Slingshots, #$Guns, and #$MissileLaunchers. The launcher and projectile start out at the same location, possibly even as parts of the same object, but once the projectile is fired it leaves the launcher.`
Super-classes	ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher^c PoweredDevice^c PropellingDevice^c
Sub-classes	Gun^c Slingshot^c Catapult^c RocketLauncher^c Bow-Weapon^c

ProjectileShellAssembly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectileShellAssembly`
Description	This collection includes #$ProjectileWeapons whose parts include a casing (#$ProjectileCasing) which contains a projectile (e.g. #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet) or projectiles (#$Shotgun shot). The casing itself is discarded after the projectile is launched. Positive examples include #$ArtilleryShells, rifle cartridges, and pistol cartridges. Negative examples include musket balls and cannon balls. `NOTE: a 'cartridge' for small arms is the subtype 'BulletAssembly'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shell' and noun sense 1 of'round' in WordNet, being the whole assembly including the explosive casing as well as the projectile: in WordNet: 1. (14) shell - - (ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun) WN noun 'round': 1. (6) round, unit of ammunition, one shot - (a charge of ammunition for a single shot)`
Super-classes	ProjectileWeapon^c SelfPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ProjectileCasing^c
Sub-classes	ShotgunShell^c BulletAssembly^c

ProjectileWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectileWeapon`
Description	A specialization of #$Weapon. Each instance of #$ProjectileWeapon is a weapon that is thrown, hurled, or launched at its target. Notable specializations of #$ProjectileWeapon include #$Arrow, #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet, and #$Missile. See also the related collection #$ProjectileLauncher. NOTE that in SUMO a Projectile must be fired from a Weapon (perhaps it is closer to the Cyc 'ProjectileWeapon-Fired', whereas in Cyc a ProjectileWeapon can be hand-thrown such as a HandGrenade or a Boomerang. In COSMO the more general Cyc usage is adopted and broadened to include whole devices such as an entire ''ProjectileShellAssembly'' (bullet or artillery shell) as well as the part that is actually projected to its target. So a HandGrenade is a subtype of 'ProjectileWeapon'. NOTE also that according to Cyc usage, a ProjectileWeapon does not have to follow a ballistic course after being projected, but can also be SelfPowered, such as a Torpedo or rocket. This is broader than the SUMO entry, where it is called simply a 'Projectile': SUMO: A missile, bullet, etc. that is fired from a Weapon.
Super-classes	Projectile^c ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	Boomerang^c ProjectileShellAssembly^c Torpedo^c PelletShot^c HandGrenade^c Missile^c Arrow^c ProjectileWeapon-Fired^c

ProjectileWeapon-Fired^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectileWeapon-Fired`
Description	A very generic term for projectiles fired from firearms. It includes musket balls, cannon balls, pistol slugs, rifle cartridges, shotgun shot, and #$ArtilleryShells. In the case of 'rifle cartridge' and #$ArtilleryShell, only part of the object becomes the projectile (see #$ProjectileShellAssembly). The other part of such objects, which includes a casing, explosive charge, a primer, etc. stays behind or is destroyed in detonation. In the case of 'cannon ball', 'pistol slug' or 'musket ball' the entire object is propelled from a gun due to an explosive charge behind it.
Super-classes	ProjectileWeapon^c Device-OneTimeUse^c
Sub-classes	Bullet^c BazookaShell^c ArtilleryShell^c

ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher`
Description	A specialization of #$Weapon. Instances of this collection are either instances of #$ProjectileWeapon or #$ProjectileLauncher.
Super-classes	Weapon^c
Sub-classes	ProjectileWeapon^c ProjectileLauncher^c

ProjectingaFutureSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectingaFutureSituation`
Description	A ''ProjectingaFutureSituation'' is an extrapolation from existing data about future Events by some form of calculation or estimation. `No WN synset for this sense; RHW 'project': 8. to set forth or calculate (some future thing): They projected the building costs for the next five years.`
Super-classes	Extrapolating^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c produces^op value ProjectionOfFutureSituation^c hasTopic^op some FutureSituation^c

Projection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Projection`
Description	A ''Projection'' is a ''Protrusion'' that is relatively long and thin on the surface of some PhysicalObject, natural or artifactual. Being long and thin distinguishes it from low ''Protrusions'' like a ''Pimple'' or ''Teat''. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'projection' in WordNet: 4. (1) projection - (any structure that branches out from a central support)`
Super-classes	Protrusion^c LongAndThinObject^c
Sub-classes	Overhang^c Brim^c Cilium^c WideBrim^c Nozzle^c Muzzle^c Prong^c Visor^c

ProjectionOfFutureSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProjectionOfFutureSituation`
Description	A ''ProjectionOfFutureSituation'' is a 'Prediction' about future Events based on ''Extrapolating'' from past events. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'projection' in WordNet: 1. (9) projection - (a prediction made by extrapolating from past observations)`
Super-classes	Prediction^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some FutureSituation^c usesResource^op value Extrapolating^c isProducedByEventType^op value ProjectingaFutureSituation^c

Projector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Projector`
Description	`NOTE a ''Projector'' can project images onto things other than screens - walls, ceilings, even domed ceilings (e.g. in a Planetarium). These days a ''Projector'' can project an image contained in a computer file, so the image does not have to be on a ''Transparency'', as in days of yore. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'projector' in WordNet: 2. projector - (an optical instrument that projects an enlarged image onto a screen)`
Super-classes	LensedOpticalDevice^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value ProjectedImage^c isUsedInAction^op value DisplayingInformation^c emits^op value VisibleLight^c
Sub-classes	PlanetariumProjector^c SlideProjector^c

ProkaryoticCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProkaryoticCell`
Description	A specialization of #$SingleCellOrganism. Each instance of #$ProkaryoticCell is a single-celled organism that lacks both a nucleus and mitochondria. Notable specializations of #$ProkaryoticCell include #$Bacterium, #$MoneraKingdom, and #$BlueGreenAlgae.
Super-classes	SingleCellOrganism^c
Sub-classes	MoneraOrganism^c

Proliferation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proliferation

Description

'Proliferation' is an Event with multiple subevents in which the number of some Objects increases substantially and/or rapidly. Usually this is used when the increase is considered as a bad thing.

      NOTE: this is the intransitive sense.  The transitive sense of causing an increase
        is ''ProliferationAction''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'proliferation' in WordNet:
        2. proliferation - (a rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number 
           of deadly weapons); 'the proliferation of nuclear weapons')
      WN verb 'proliferate':
        1. proliferate - (grow rapidly; 'Pizza parlors proliferate in this area')

Super-classes Multiplying^c

ProliferationAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProliferationAction`
Description	This is the transitive sense of 'proliferate'. The intransitive sense is represented by ''Proliferation''. `NOTE: the WN direct parent synset 'multiply, manifold' suggests that the result after this Action is a multiple of the original, this sense only means that the rate of increase relatively 'Fast''. Use ''Multiplying'' for the Action of increasing something by some multiple. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'proliferate' in WordNet: 2. proliferate - (cause to grow or increase rapidly; 'We must not proliferate nuclear arms')`
Super-classes	CausingAnIncrease^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Increased^c

Prolific^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prolific

Description

'Prolific' is an attribute of people who produce musch more than the average output of intellectual Objects (writings, songs, computer programs, inventions) than does the typical Person in the same field or Role.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prolific' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) fecund, fertile, prolific - (intellectually productive;
           'a prolific writer'; 'a fecund imagination')

Super-classes Productive^c

Prolonged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prolonged`
Description	'Prolonged' is an AttributeValue of an Event that specifies that an Event or Action was accomplished in more time than is normal or was expected for that type of Event,or contrasts with a ''Brief'' event of that type. E.g.: 'a prolonged volcanic eruption' NOTE that whether something is or is not 'Prolonged' depends on the category of Event to which it is compared; a debate Event may be 'Prolonged' even though it is much briefer than a political discussion of the same topic carried out over years. A 'prolonged earthquake' may take only a few minutes (more time than for a single shock). . For object that move more slowly than normal or expected, use the type 'Slow'. this corresponds to sense 3 of 'slow' in RHW: 3. taking or requiring a comparatively long time for completion: a slow meal; a slow trip. NO sense of 'slow' in WordNet seems to cover this sense. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'prolonged' and sense 1 of 'lengthy' in WordNet; the WordNet sense appears to be focused on interactions between people,but the COSMO sense broadly includes any Event that takes more than the usual time for that type of Event.. in WordNet: 1. (5) drawn-out, extended, lengthy, prolonged, protracted - (relatively long in duration; tediously protracted; 'a drawn-out argument'; 'an extended discussion'; 'a lengthy visit from her mother-in-law'; 'a prolonged and bitter struggle'; 'protracted negotiations')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Discursive^c

Prom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prom`
Description	A ''Prom'' is a ''FormalBall'' held near the end of a school year, usually for juniors and seniors. `Each #$Prom is a formal #$Dance-Party held toward the end of the academic year for a graduating high school class. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prom' in WordNet: 1. promenade, prom - (a formal ball held for a school class toward the end of the academic year)`
Super-classes	FormalBall^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value Student^c

Promenade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promenade`
Description	A ''Promenade'' is any ''PavedWalkway'' that is publicly maintained as a footpath where vehicles are prohibited except for special purposes. This includes 'malls' in urban areas where streets have been converted to pedestrian use, and wide walkways between shops (possibly indoors) in a ''ShoppingMall'', as well as walkways in parks that are broader than a few feet, for example a promenade along a stream. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'promenade' in WordNet: 2. promenade, mall - (a public area set aside as a pedestrian walk)`
Super-classes	PublicProperty^c PavedWalkway^c Footpath^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Roadway^c
Sub-classes	Boardwalk^c

Promethium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promethium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of promethium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promethium' in WordNet:
          1. promethium, Pm, atomic number 61 - (a soft silvery metallic element 
             of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; 
             was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c
RareEarthElement^c
RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

Prominent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prominent`
Description	''Prominent'' is a subattribute of 'Salient'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prominent' in Wordnet: 2. (9) big, large, prominent - (conspicuous in position or importance; 'a big figure in the movement'; 'big man on campus'; 'he's very large in financial circles'; 'a prominent citizen')`
Super-classes	Salient^c
Sub-classes	Foremost^c PreEminent^c

Promiscuity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promiscuity

Description

'Promiscuity'' is performing sexual activity with multiple other partners rather than with one primary partner at any given time.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promiscuity' in WordNet:
           1. promiscuity, promiscuousness, sleeping around - 
              (indulging in promiscuous (casual and indiscriminate) sexual relations)

Super-classes SexualBehavior^c

Promiscuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promiscuous

Description

'''Promiscuous'' is a property of a ''IntentionalAgent'' who is not ''Selective'' about the people s/he chooses for some (any) purpose.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'promiscuous' in Wordnet:
         1. promiscuous - (not selective of a single class or person; 
           'Clinton was criticized for his promiscuous solicitation of campaign money')

Super-classes Restricted^c

Promise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promise`
Description	COSMO: in COSMO a Promise is a LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. `Cyc: An attribute associated with instances of #$CommunicationAct-Single. If a communication act has this attribute, then the #$senderOfInfo intends to carry out the action described in the act and is obligated to do so. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promise' in WordNet: 1. (8) promise - (a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future)`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some MakingAPromise^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Assertion^c refersToExternalEntity^op some PromisedAction^c
Sub-classes	InsuranceContent^c Commitment^c ConditionalPromise^c Guarantee^c IncentivizingPromise^c Pledge^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AgreementToAdhereToConditions

PromiseGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PromiseGroup`
Description	A Group consisting exclusively of Promises. Each Promise may contain component specifications.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Promise^c

Promised^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promised`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'promised' in Wordnet: 1. (1) promised - (assured by (usually) spoken agreement; 'the promised toy'; 'the promised land')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

PromisedAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PromisedAction`
Description	A ''PromisedAction'' is the Action which some agent agrees to do when making a Promise. NOTE that this is a ''FutureSituation'' when the Promise is made, and when the Promise is kept (see ''KeepingaPromise'') it is realized by an executed Action or PersistentState.
Super-classes	FutureSituation^c Action^c
Sub-classes	FutureMeeting^c Dating^c IncentivizingPromisedAction^c FaceTime^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AdheringToConditions

Promiser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promiser`
Description	A ''Promiser'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who asserts a ''Promise'' in performing a ''MakingAPromise''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promiser' in WordNet: 1. promiser, promisor - (a person who makes a promise)`
Super-classes	Informant^c Person^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MakingAPromise^c
Sub-classes	Guarantor^c

Promising^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promising

Description

''Promising'' is an attribute of someone who gives evidence of being likely to perform very well at some tasks or activities, or to succeed in some endeavor. This is vague and includes several aspects of intelligence, energy, and personality that vary with the field in which a Person is ''Promising''.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and2of 'promising' in WordNet:
        1. (9) promising - (showing possibility of achievement or excellence;
          'a promising young man')
        2. (2) bright, promising - (full or promise; 
           'had a bright future in publishing'; 'the scandal threatened 
           an abrupt end to a promising political career')

Super-classes Encouraging-Inspiring^c
PersonTraitValue^c

Promontory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promontory`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promontory' in WordNet: 1. promontory, headland, head, foreland - (a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea))`
Super-classes	Protrusion^c Highland^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GeographicallyHigh^c

Promoter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promoter`
Description	A ''Promoter'' is an ''Advertizer'' who personally (in person or through representatives) performs some ''Advertizing'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promoter' in WordNet: 1. (2) promoter, booster, plugger - (someone who is an active supporter and advocate)`
Super-classes	Advertizer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Advertising^c

PromoterSequence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PromoterSequence`
Description	A ''PromoterSequence'' is the ''BaseSequence'' in a ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' that binds protein(s) that initiate transcription to RNA - the first step in creating a Protein in a cell. `No representation yet of the 'transcription' process in a cell. RHW noun 'promoter': 6. Genetics. a. a site on a DNA molecule at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription. b. a gene sequence that activates transcription. no WN sense for this meaning.`
Super-classes	BaseSequence^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value DNAMolecule^c

PromotingSomeone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PromotingSomeone

Description

''PromotingSomeone'' is an ''AppointingEvent'' in which the Role is some office or position in an Organization that has a higher level of responsibility and status, and usually carries a higher pay level ('pay grade') and may require supervision of a larger number of subordinates.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'promote' and noun sense 2 of
           'promotion' in WordNet:
            2. (5) promote, upgrade, advance, kick upstairs, raise, elevate - 
            (give a promotion to or assign to a higher position; 'John was 
            kicked upstairs when a replacement was hired';
            'Women tend not to advance in the major law firms';
            'I got promoted after many years of hard work')
         WN noun 'promotion':

Super-classes AssigningAgentToRole^c
MakingaGain^c
GoodThing^c

PromotingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PromotingSomething`
Description	''PromotingSomething'' is any Situation or Action that helps advance the goals of a Person or Activity. This is broadly applicable. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'promote' in WordNet: 1. (31) promote, advance, boost, further, encourage - (contribute to the progress or growth of; 'I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom')`
Super-classes	HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c
Sub-classes	SpurringAnActivity^c

Promotional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promotional`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'promotional' in Wordnet: 1. (2) promotional - (of or relating to serving as publicity; 'promotional fares')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Prompt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prompt`
Description	`Corresponds to part (on time) of adjective sense 1 of 'prompt' in WordNet: 1. (1) on time, prompt - (according to schedule or without delay; 'they were always on time'; 'a prompt reply')`
Super-classes	Timely^c Considerate^c
Sub-classes	Punctual^c

Prompter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prompter`
Description	A ''Prompter'' is someone who provides some kind of 'cue' to help another Person remember what words to say or act to take while performing some Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prompter' in WordNet: 1. prompter, theater prompter - (someone who assists a performer by providing the next words of a forgotten speech)
Super-classes	Helper^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Prompting^c

PrompterDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PrompterDevice`
Description	A ''Prompter'' is someone who provides some kind of 'cue' to help another Person remember what words to say or act to take while performing some Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prompter' in WordNet: 2. prompter, autocue - (a device that displays words for people to read)`
Super-classes	DisplayDevice^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value TextualMaterial^c performsAction^op value Prompting^c
Sub-classes	Teleprompter^c

Prompting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prompting

Description

       Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'prompt' in WordNet:
         3. prompt, remind, cue - (assist (somebody acting or reciting)
           by suggesting the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned)
       WN noun 'prompting':
          1. prompt, prompting - (a cue given to a performer (usually the beginning 
             of the next line to be spoken); 'the audience could hear his prompting')

Super-classes Informing^c

Promptly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Promptly

Description

'Promptly' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the action was performed without delay (afer it was contemplated or ordered recognized as usefulor wrothwile or necessary).

@mod1447
Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'fast' and sense 2 of 'quickly' and sense 1 of 'promptly' and sense 1 of'rapidly' in WordNet: WN 'quickly' 2. (16) promptly, quickly, quick - (with little or no delay; 'the rescue squad arrived promptly'; 'come here, quick!')
WN 'promptly': 'the rescue squad arrived promptly'; 'come here, quick!') 2. (3) promptly, readily, pronto - (in a punctual manner; 'he did his homework promptly') 3. (2) promptly, right away - (at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence); 'he promptly forgot the address')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

ProneToAction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProneToAction

Description

''ProneToAction'' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects (not only PurposiveAgents) that have a significant probability of performing some Action. For Nitroglycerin, for example, it has a tendency to explode when shocked. An unbalanced vertical object may have a tendency to fall over.

      both 'prone' and 'apt' and ;liable' are followed by 'to'
         when they have this meaning.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'prone' and in Wordnet:
         2. prone - (having a tendency (to); often used in combination;
           'a child prone to mischief'; 'failure-prone')
       WN adj 'apt':
         1. apt, liable - (at risk of or subject to experiencing something 
             usually unpleasant; 'he is apt to lose'; 'she is liable to forget')
         3. apt, disposed, given, minded, tending - ((usually followed by 'to')
             naturally disposed toward; 'he is apt to ignore matters
             he considers unimportant'; 'I am not minded to answer any questions')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Prong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prong`
Description	A ''Prong'' is a ''Projection'' (a long and thin ''Protrusion'') that branches out from a supporting 'LongAndThin'' thing, and is tapered somewhat or pointed at the far end. The 'prongs of a Pronghorned antelope do not taper a lot at the end, but they are included here. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prong' in WordNet: 1. prong - (a pointed projection)`
Super-classes	Projection^c
Sub-classes	Tine^c

Pronoun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pronoun`
Description	CYC: The collection of all pronouns. Pronouns are indexicals which can replace nouns. Example: 'she'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pronoun' in WordNet: 1. (5) pronoun - (a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase)`
Super-classes	ClosedClassWord^c
Sub-classes	SubjectPronoun^c PersonalPronoun^c InterrogativePronoun^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#its http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#him http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#himself http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#our http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yourselves http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#both http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#everything http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hisOrHerOwn http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anywhere http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#them http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#his http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ourselves http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#myself http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#mine-poss http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yourself http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#herself http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#itself http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#she http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#he http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#it http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#theirs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#everyone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#either http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anything http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#themselves http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anyone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#oneself http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#they http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hisOrHer

Pronounced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pronounced

Description

''Pronounced'' is an AttributeValue of Qualities that are easily noticeable.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'marked' in Wordnet:
        1. (15) marked, pronounced - (strongly marked; easily noticeable; 
          'walked with a marked limp'; 'a pronounced flavor of cinnamon')

Super-classes Salient^c
Perceptible^c

Pronouncement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pronouncement`
Description	Each ''Pronouncement'' is a ''Declaring'' intended to convey an authoritative assertion about some topic. This is not necessarily an order or creating a rule,it may only be a statement by a Person who considers her/himself an expert on a topic able to convey authoritative fact. `For a ''Pronouncement'' by an authority creating a Rule, use subtype ''Directive''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pronouncement' in WordNet: 1. (3) pronouncement, dictum, say-so - (an authoritative declaration)`
Super-classes	Declaring^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Expert^c
Sub-classes	Sanctifying^c Directive^c

Pronouncing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pronouncing`
Description	'Pronouncing' is a Speaking in which one word or phrase is spoken. Every Speaking includes some instance of 'Pronouncing' The difference between general 'Speaking'; and 'Pronouncing' is that the focus of a 'Pronouncing' is the quality and characteristics of the sound produced, rather than its information content. A 'Speaking' Event may or may not be represented with a simultaneous 'Pronouncing', depending on whether the quality of the sound is significant to the application. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pronounce' in WordNet: 1. (3) pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate, say - (speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way; 'She pronounces French words in a funny way'; 'I cannot say 'zip wire''; 'Can the child sound out this complicated word?')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Sub-classes	Mispronouncing^c

Pronunciation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pronunciation`
Description	Each value of 'Pronunciation' is an AttributeValue that characterizes the way that some word or words is pronounced. There are many subtypes of 'PronunciationManner', among the prominent ones being the various accents that may be distinguishable in the pronunciation of words in specific languages, e.g. a German accent in pronouncing English, or a strong US southern accent in pronouncing English, or an Amercian accent in pronouncing Russian, etc. There are subtypes of Pronunciation other than acdents, such as rapid or slow speach, clear or slurred pronunciation, outright mispronunciation, loud or soft pronunciation, etc. The values of this type can be related to instances of Pronouncing or of Speaking by the relation 'hasManner'. See also relation 'hasPronunciation' pointing to an AudioFile. Such an audio file may be accessible online with a URL. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'pronunciation' in WordNet: 1. pronunciation - (the manner in which someone utters a word; 'they are always correcting my pronunciation') 2. pronunciation, orthoepy - (the way a word or a language is customarily spoken; 'the pronunciation of Chinese is difficult for foreigners'; 'that is the correct pronunciation')
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Sub-classes	SouthernDrawl^c

PronunciationManner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PronunciationManner`
Description	''PronunciationManner'' is a ''MannerOfSpeaking'' in which a person speaks. This sense includes both standard pronunciation and the manner in which an individual has pronounced a word.at some specific time. `NOTE: this type is not an ''AdverbialManner'', but a subclass of ''AttributeType'' that takes values of specific manners of pronouncing, such as a ''SouthernDrawl''.`
Super-classes	MannerOfSpeaking^c
Sub-classes	Accent^c EmphaticPronunciation^c

Proof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proof`
Description	A 'Proof' is a set of Assertions, in the form of a 'DeductiveArgument',a stepwise set of derived intermediary conclusions from a 'Proving' process, leading to a final assertion (the Conclusion) that some particular assertion is true (based on assumptions and the reasoning process). It is an Argument, and may have few or many intermediate steps. For evidence that something is true, use 'Evidence'; a Proof that uses Evidence is still a logical argument, but some of the presmises may be derived from observations of Evidence. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'proof' in WordNet: 2. (8) proof - (a formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it)`
Super-classes	Group^c DeductiveArgument^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some Proving^c hasComponentElement^op some Conclusion^c

ProofAlcohol^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProofAlcohol

Description

''ProofAlcohol'' is a liquid with 50% ''EthylAlcohol'' by volume, independent of other components.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proof spirit' in WordNet:
         1. proof spirit - (a mixture containing half alcohol by volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit)

Super-classes Mixture^c
AlcoholicThing^c
FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c
LiquidSubstance^c

Proofreading^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proofreading

Description

CYC: The collection of all #$Events in which #$TextualMaterial is read [#$Reading] in order to determine places in which the #$TextGroup which is instantiated in the the #$InformationBearingObject being examined is not an appropriate #$PropositionalCWText for the #$PropositionalConceptualWork being instantiated. The intent of #$Proofreading is to create a new #$TextGroup as a more accurate #$textOfWork of the #$PropositionalConceptualWork being instantiated. The outputs of a #$Proofreading event is a new #$InformationBearingObject to indicate the new #$TextGroup.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proofread' in WordNet:
          1. proofread, proof - (read for errors; 'I should proofread my manuscripts')

Super-classes Editing^c
CheckingSomething^c
Reading^c

Prop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prop`
Description	A ''Prop'' is any SolidObject that is used as a part of the support for some other SolidObject. This is a Role,and any solid object of sufficient rigidity (possibly soft, like a ''Bolster'') may serve than purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prop' in WordNet: 1. (1) prop - (a support placed beneath or against something to keep it from shaking or falling)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupportingSomething^c supportsPartly^op value SolidObject^c performsAction^op value ProppingSomethingUp^c
Sub-classes	Bolster^c

Propaganda^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Propaganda

Description

''Propaganda'' is 'Information' transmitted with an intention to convince the audience of one's pinion().

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propaganda' in WordNet:
        1. (4) propaganda - 
             (information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause)

Super-classes Information^c

PropagandaCampaign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropagandaCampaign`
Description	A #$MassCommunicating which is intended to shape public opinion about some agent or issue. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'propagandize' in WordNet: 1. propagandize, propagandise - (subject to propaganda) 2. propagandize, propagandise - (spread by propaganda)`
Super-classes	Campaign^c Disseminating^c PoliticalEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Propaganda^c
Sub-classes	AdvertisingCampaign^c

Propane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Propane

Description

C3H8. A combustible gas which is commonly compressed into a liquid and used as a fuel.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propane' in WordNet:
          1. propane - (colorless gas found in natural gas and petroleum; used as a fuel)

Super-classes CombustibleFuelSubstance^c
Alkane^c

Propellant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Propellant`
Description	Each subtype of 'Propellant' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is used to propel Objects or Substances. This includes rocket fuels as well as the compressed gases used to propel fluids as areosols, and the explosive substances used to propel bullets or shells in firearms or heavy artillery. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propellant' in WordNet: 1. propellant, propellent - (something that propels)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Propelling^c

Propeller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Propeller`
Description	CYC: The collection of all propellers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propeller' in WordNet: 1. (1) propeller, propellor - (a mechanical device that rotates to push against air or water)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c PoweredDevice^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PropelleredDeviceType^c hasDesignFunction^op value PropellingaVehicle^c

PropellerBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropellerBlade`
Description	A ''PropellerBlade'' is one of at least two flat objects attached to the ''PhysicalAxis'' of a ''Propeller'' or ''Fan-ElectricalAppliance''. `Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'blade' in WordNet: 8. blade, vane - (flat surface that rotates and pushes against air or water)`
Super-classes	GenericVane^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Propeller^c

PropelleredDeviceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropelleredDeviceType`
Description	Each instance of ''PropelleredDeviceType'' is a type of ''Device'' that is a ''Propeller'' or has a ''Propeller'' as a significant part.
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	Propeller Fan-ElectricalAppliance

Propelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Propelling`
Description	An Event in which one object, by applying a force to another object, causes it to move. The force may be applied in a continuous manner, or by an instantaneous collision or impelling event or by pressure (such as in a rocket) or by any other force, even without contact, as with the electromagnetic forces in a 'railgun'. This is used mostly or exclusively for ''Propelling'' something where the intended destination of the thing propelled is known to the agent doing the propelling. It is possible to imagine a natural 'propelling' something without the propelling agent knowing at least in what direction the propelled object is going (''Bursting'' or volcanic eruption may be examples). But this is for a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' and the assumption represented by the restriction ''hasIntendedDestination"'' is that the Agent doing the propelling has some destination in mind. In addition,this is in general an AttemptingAction, and the objects of relations ''hasIntendedDestination''and ''hasEndingPlace'' may have different objects, which would indicate a failed attempt Note that if the canonical ''Target'' is missed, the result will be an instance of ''MissingaTarget''. NOTE 1 A ''Rebounding'' is not considered as 'Propellling', which is specific for the Event originating the motion of the thing propelled. NOTE 2 that the 'object' propelled can be a Fluid object - water from a hose, air from a hair drier, etc. Cyc: A collection of all processes of applying a force which results in translational motion. Examples include a boy sitting still propelling a toy car by giving it a push across the floor. Another example; an airplane propeller propels an airplane through the air. Negative examples include a fan motor rotationally propelling fan blades (#$Propelling is a specialization of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion and rotation is not translation). Another negative example is a wagon full of groceries coasting downhill. Even though the wagon may propel (in a general sense of the term propel ) groceries up the hill, the strictly downhill timeslice of the motion does not involve the wagon propelling the groceries, since no appreciable force is applied to them. Note, however, that the wagon coasting downhill is a positive example of #$TransportationEvent. Another negative example is dropping something (see #$Dropping) because no force is applied. However, dropping something would still be an instance of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion. NOTE: 'actuation' is a different sense, not being an application of a physical force. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'impel' and sense 1 of 'propel' in WordNet: 2. propel, impel - (cause to move forward with force; 'Steam propels this ship') WN noun 'propulsion: 2. propulsion, actuation - (the act of propelling)
Super-classes	ApplyingAForce^c CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value MissingaTarget^c hasIntendedDestination^op some (GenericLocation^c or Target^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	PropellingaFluid^c PropellingaBall^c PropellingaVehicle^c HeavingAnObject^c Impelling^c

PropellingAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropellingAir`
Description	''PropellingAir'' is a ''PropellingaFluid'' where the ''FluidObject'' propelled is some quantity of ''Air''.
Super-classes	PropellingaFluid^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some AirCurrent^c
Sub-classes	BlowingAir^c

PropellingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropellingDevice`
Description	A PropellingDevice is a PhysicalObject (not necessarily and Artifact, in spite of the name) which is designed by agents or by evolution to propel something (see 'Propelling'). This includes not only human artifacts like guns, bow and arrow, slingshot, trebuchet, etc., but the natural body parts of certain animals that evolved to propel things like liquids at prey or at predators.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Propelling^c
Sub-classes	Blower^c ProjectileLauncher^c

PropellingaBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropellingaBall`
Description	Each 'PropellingaBall' is an Action in which an animate agent (usally a Person, sometimes an animal) propels some kind of ball, whether using the hand(s) or by means of some device scuh as a golf club, tennis racket, baseball bat, croquet club, etc. This action results from 'StrokingAtaBall'. This Action requires a body movement, therefore the propelling of a ball by an automatic ball-throwing machine is not included. `This may or may not be a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'', but can also be propelling by throwing or pushing with a gradual acceleration rather than a collision (e.g. shooting from a tube).`
Super-classes	Propelling^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Ball^c isCausedBy^op value StrokingAtaBall^c
Sub-classes	HittingaGolfballWithaClub^c FlyBall^c KickingaBall^c

PropellingaBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropellingaBoat`
Description	''PropellingaBoat'' is a subtype of ''PropellingaVehicle'' where the 'vehicle' propelled is a ''Watercraft' of some kind.
Super-classes	PropellingaVehicle^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value BodyOfWater^c hadObjectMoved^op value Watercraft^c
Sub-classes	Rowing^c

PropellingaFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropellingaFluid`
Description	''PropellingaFluid'' is a subtype of ''Propelling'' where the Object propelled is a ''FluidObject'' - e.g. some quantity of Water or Air. This can be natural or caused by a Device such as a pump or a fan.
Super-classes	Propelling^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some FluidCurrent^c
Sub-classes	Squirting^c Smearing^c PropellingAir^c Spraying^c Spilling^c

PropellingaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropellingaVehicle`
Description	''PropellingaVehicle'' is a subtype of ''Propelling'' where the Object propelled is ''TransportationDevice-Vehicle''. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 8 of 'drive' (for propelling a vehicle) in WordNet: 8. (2) drive - (push, propel, or press with force; 'Drive a nail into the wall')`
Super-classes	Propelling^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c alwaysCauses^op value Translocation^c
Sub-classes	PropellingaBoat^c

ProperTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProperTimeInterval`
Description	A ProperTimeInterval is a TimeInterval of non-zero length duration. This is provided for the contingency that logical relations may not be able to properly interpret a zero-length TimeInterval (i.e. a TimePoInt) as an interval.
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c

Properly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Properly`
Description	''Properly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action that is done and signals that the Event being described was performed in a 'proper' (correct) manner. `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'properly' ('the right way') and adverb sense 1 of 'correctly' in Wordnet: 1. (21) properly, decently, decent, in good order, right, the right way - (in the right manner; 'please do your job properly!'; 'can't you carry me decent?') WN adverb 'correctly' 1. (6) correctly, right, aright - (in a correct manner; 'he guessed right')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Rightly^c Duly^c

Property^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Property`
Description	COSMO: any thing that is owned - an object, right, substance, land. For the Group of ''Physicalobjects'' owned by a Person, whether or not they have significantmonetary value (e.g. memorabilia) use subtype ''Belongings''. Cyc: This is the collection of all things which are owned. Members of this collection may be tangible, such as real estate, or intangible, such as the rights to produce a movie based on a particular book. Ownership has complex characteristics - not yet detailed. The restriction ''hasMonetaryValue'' does not have to be flled in ,but is here as a reminder that some monetary value should be specified, even if approximate, Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'property' and includes as a subtype noun sense 2 of 'possession' in WordNet: 2. (178) property, belongings, holding, material possession - (something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone; 'that hat is my property'; 'he is a man of property';) WN noun 'possession': 2. (6) possession - (anything owned or possessed)
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Owned^c isOwnedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c
Sub-classes	RealEstate^c OwnedObject^c PrivateProperty^c Facility-Generic^c Belongings^c Holdings^c Asset^c Surety^c TrustAccount^c EstateOfaPerson^c PublicProperty^c TransferredProperty^c Stakes^c PersonalPossession^c PublicallyAccessiblePlace^c

PropertyDamage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropertyDamage`
Description	'PropertyDamage' is a PersonalLoss in which some valuable PhysicalObject is damaged or destroyed, or lost or stolen.
Super-classes	PersonalLoss^c
Restrictions	hasThingLost^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) hasAttribute^op some Damage^c

PropertyRight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropertyRight`
Description	The Right to ownership of private property. This 'Right' is not universally acknowledged (as in Communist countries), and is restricted by other rights like eminent domain. The existence of an instance of this ''Right'' is intimately associated with some ''PersistentState'' of ''Ownership'', as specified by the restriction (isCreatedOrEntailedBy Ownership). This right can be transferred by selling it or as a free gift. 'Property' in Yale OCM (420) appears to be similar in meaning:: OCM: General statements dealing with several of the specific aspects of the property system. Material concerning the property system as a whole will be filed in Category 421. The term 'property' is to be distinguished from wealth, material possessions, or any object of ownership. It is to be understood only in the strict technical sense of the jural relations of people with regard to some subject matter and governing the use and enjoyment of the latter. In precise usage, a 'right' is correlated with a 'duty' (if A has a right against B, B is under a corresponding duty toward A); a 'privilege' is correlated with 'no right' (if A has a privilege as against B, B has no right against A, instead of a duty); a 'power' is correlated with 'liability' (if A has a power as against B, B is under a liability that his jural relations may be changed by a voluntary act on the past of A). A 'title' is a distinct constellation of rights, privileges, and powers with respect to some subject matter. A 'type of ownership' refers to the social composition of the holders of a title, e.g., an individual, a partnership, a clan, a corporation, a state. A 'property transaction' is an act which transfers a title to a new owner. A 'property system' consists of every type of title, ownership, and property transaction recognized by a society with respect to all culturally defined classes of subject matter, and is not dependent upon the statistical frequency with which its constituent elements manifest themselves. Appears close to the meaning of noun sense 'ownership' in RHW: 2. legal right of possession; proprietorship
Super-classes	Right^c
Restrictions	isCreatedOrEntailedBy^op some Ownership^c

Prophase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prophase`
Description	''Prophase'' is a subevent of ''CellDivision''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prophase' in WordNet: 1. prophase - (the first stage of meiosis)`
Super-classes	BiologicalDevelopmentEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value CellDivision^c

Prophecy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prophecy

Description

''Prophecy''is 'Foretelling' based on mystical or religious or some 'paranormal' method with no reproducible accuracy.

   CYC 'Divination':
     A specialization of #$InterpretingSignificance and
             #$ParanormalEvent. Each instance of this collection is an
             event of predicting the future or discovering the truth by
             means underexplained by current science - such as
        #$TarotCardReading, #$Astrology, palmistry, and geomancy.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prophecy' in WordNet:
      2. (1) prophecy, divination - (a prediction uttered under divine inspiration)
   WN noun 'divination':
      3. divination, foretelling, soothsaying, fortune telling - (the art 
        or gift of prophecy (or the pretense of prophecy) by supernatural means)

Super-classes ParanormalEvent^c
Foretelling^c

Prophet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prophet`
Description	A ''Prophet'' is a ''Seer'' who is accepted as having the ability to predict the future. This is not necessarily a religious person - that is a different type of 'Prophet'. `CYC: The collection of leaders / teachers who predict the future (e.g., make a #$Prediction) regarding the actions of God/the gods. NOTE: the CYC sense may differ from this as this is not for the Biblical type of ''Prophet''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prophet' in WordNet: 1. (3) prophet, prophesier, oracle, seer, vaticinator - (an authoritative person who divines the future)`
Super-classes	Diviner^c Teacher^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Prophecy^c

Prophetic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prophetic

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prophetic' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) prophetic, prophetical - (foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention;
              'prophetic writings'; 'prophetic powers'; 'words that proved prophetic')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Proponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proponent`
Description	A ''Proponent'' is a 'Supporter'' of a cause that the ''Proponent'' beleves is worthwhile and performs some kind of ''SupportingAction'', typically communicating with others to gain more support for the cause. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proponent' in WordNet: 1. (2) advocate, advocator, proponent, exponent - (a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea)`
Super-classes	Supporter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupportingAction^c
Sub-classes	Populist^c Nationalist^c Persuader^c AdvocateForaCause^c PartisanPerson^c Spokesperson^c Separationist^c

Proportion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proportion`
Description	A ''Proportion'' is a ''DimensionlessRatio'' of the sizes of one Object (or group) relative to a larger object (or Group) of which the first is a Part of the larger, The ratio will always be less than 1, as the ''Size'' of the part will be the numerator.. The numerator and denominator will be ''Size''s of compatible dimension (area, volume, mass, length, number). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proportion' in WordNet: 1. (10) proportion - (the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole)`
Super-classes	DimensionlessRatio^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some FractionFrom0to1^c

Proportional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proportional

Description

''Proportional'' is a subtye of ''Relative'' characterizing things that have some appropriate proportional relation to something else. This can characterize a quantitative or qualitative 'proportionality'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proportional' in Wordnet:
       1. (18) proportional, relative - (properly related in size or degree
       or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by 'to'; 
       'the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime';
       'earnings relative to production')

Super-classes Relative^c

Proposal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proposal`
Description	Proposal in COSMO differs from the use of that term in Cyc in being broader. In COSMO it is a Suggestion of the form 'We should do xxx' - putting forward a course of action. It applies to all suggestions for action among any group of two or more agents. NOTE: in COSMO this is an abstract LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory and #$IntangibleExistingThing. Each instance of #$Proposal is a potential agreement in the 'proposal' stage -- i.e., a potential agreement which is under consideration but which has not yet been adopted. The making and consideration of #$Proposals is an important part of such activities as #$Negotiating and legislative #$Debate (qq.v.). Examples of #$Proposals include instances of #$BidOnSale, job offers, proposed codes of conduct (including proposals for new #$Laws), and proposed punishments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proposal' in Wordnet: 1. (17) proposal - (something proposed (such as a plan or assumption))
Super-classes	Suggestion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Proposed^c
Sub-classes	Bid^c PolicyProposal^c

Proposed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proposed

Description

''Proposed'' is the attribute of some ''FutureSituation'' that is the object (patient) of a 'Proposing'' action.

       Includes but is broader than  adjective sense 1 of 'proposed' in WordNet:
            1. (9) projected, proposed - (planned for the future;
              'the first volume of a proposed series')

Super-classes Suggested^c

ProposerOfaTheory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProposerOfaTheory

Description

A person,usually a scientist or mathematician, who proposes a theory, either to explain some natural phenomenon or law of nature, or to describe some mathematical object or system. The proposer does not necessarily have to prove the theory.

       Neither sense of 'discoverer' in WordNet seems to fit this
         type,but it is a subtype of the general type 'Discoverer'.

         The closest WordNet synset seems to be 'theorist' sense 1,
         and 'theoretician' sense 1:
        in WordNet:
          1. (1) theorist, theoretician, theorizer, theoriser, idealogue -
            (someone who theorizes (especially in science or art))

Super-classes Scientist^c
Discoverer^c

Proposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proposing`
Description	Each 'Proposing' is an AssertingEvent in which one Agent asserts a willingness to do some future action, which may or may not be contingent on the addressee also doing some future action. If the addressee can take advantage of the offer without a simultaneous or prior ''ReciprocalAction'', that would be an instance of the subtype 'Offering'. This type requires that the agent doing the proposing be part of the contemplated action, in some way, even if only to offer to give something to the addressee. For situations where an agent suggests something for someone else to do,without the first agent's participation, use the parent type 'Suggesting' This includes parts of verb senses 2, 4, and 5 of 'propose' and noun sense 6 of 'agreement' in WordNet (the part where an agent suggests something for another agent to do is covered by the parent type 'Suggesting'); sense 2 is the most general sense and the other three senses are distinguishable subtypes in WordNet: 1. (57) propose, suggest, advise - (make a proposal, declare a plan for something) 2. (21) project, propose - (present for consideration) 4. (1) nominate, propose - (put forward; nominate for appointment to an office; 'The President nominated her as head of the Civil Rights Commission') 5. (1) propose, declare oneself, offer, pop the question - (ask (someone) to marry you; 'he popped the question on Sunday night'; 'she proposed marriage to the man she had known for only two months'; 'The old bachelor finally declared himself to the young woman')
Super-classes	RequestingOrProposing^c Suggesting^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Proposal^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Proposed^c
Sub-classes	Nominating^c Offering^c

Proposition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proposition`
Description	A Proposition is the abstract propositional content (i.e. the 'meaning') of some sentence, formula, or combination of sentences in any language, but this is not the sentence itself. A Proposition is the actual meaning of a sentence or sentences in any language, and is independent of the language and of the symbol system used to encode the meaning. A related collection of Propositions is still considered as a Proposition; a prominent example is the body of accepted lore in some FieldOfStudy. Every Proposition has at least one topic related by the 'hasTopic' relation. There may be some temptation to use the subtypes of Proposition (Assertion, Axiom, Rule) as though they are symbolic objects - perhaps AbstractTexts. In casual conversation this will create no problems, and in fact it may not create problems in reasoning with the COSMO either, since both are abstract entities and not PhysicalObjects, and thus not disjoint. But it will be good practice to keep the propositional meanings separate from what are explicit though abstract linguistic representations of the meanings, wherever the distinction is clear. NOTE that this abstract notion of Proposition should not be conflated with an AbstractText that expresses that Proposition in symbols (usually linguistic symbols). An abstract 'Proposition' is related to such a symbolic representation by the relation 'hasAbstractRepresentation'. SUMO: Propositions are Abstract entities that express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, the formula '(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the entity named Yojo is an element of the Class of Cats. Note that propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual sentences of a Language. They may encompass the content expressed by theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, but a ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. A Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the Proposition that the cat is on the mat is represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence of sounds or by some non-latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A collection of intangible individuals. Each instance of #$Proposition is an abstract propositional thing that has some truth value in some context or world. A proposition is assumed to be representable (at least in principle) by a sentence in some formal or natural language. But it should not be assumed that propositions are themselves intrinsically linguistic items in the way that sentences or formulae are. Indeed, propositions are often viewed as extra-linguistic, intensional entities that (while not sentences themselves) are represented or expressed by meaningful sentences (or, on some versions of this view, by concrete tokens of sentences). On such a view it is possible for distinct sentences (either from the same language or from different languages) to express the very same proposition; e.g. 'Snow is white', 'White is the color of snow', 'Schnee ist weiss'. (in German), and (arguably) '(#$relationAllInstance #$objectHasColor #$SnowMob #$WhiteColor)' (in CycL). Similarly, it is sometimes the case that a single sentence - when used in different contexts - will express distinct propositions; e.g. 'I am hungry.' said by you and said by me. Most formal languages (such as a first-order predicate calculus) and natural languages (such as English) include the resources for composing expressions that represent propositions from component expressions (that might or might not themselves represent other propositions).\n\nDOLCE: The abstract content of a proposition. Abstract content is purely combinatorial: from this viewpoint, any content that can be generated by means of combinatorial rules is assumed to exist in the domain of quantification (reified abstracts). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proposition' in Wordnet, but includes other words that label the logical content of statements containing information.: in WordNet: 1. (6) proposition - ((logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false)` WN Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'information' in Wordnet; sense 3 can be a subtype WN (as of rev1019 not directly represented?? Wordnet: 2. (215) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') 3. (72) information - (knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction)
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op only owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Assertion^c BodyOfAcceptedLore^c Meaning^c Ideal^c Suspicion^c Rule^c Opinion^c Interpretation^c LegalSystem^c
In domain of	isFalseInTimeInterval^op holdsInContext^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToBeOrNotToBe

PropositionGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropositionGroup`
Description	A ''PropositionGroup'' is any MentalObject that consist of more than one simple ''Proposition''. A group of this kind may form a theory,and the individual propositions in the ''PropositionGroup'' may be compared for logical consistency.
Super-classes	MentalObject^c PluralThing^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Proposition^c
Sub-classes	Knowledge^c Truth^c RealWorldTruth^c Contradiction^c

PropositionPair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropositionPair`
Description	A ''PropositionPair'' is a Group of two ''Proposition''s, which may be compared for logical consistency..
Super-classes	PluralThing^c Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Proposition^c

PropositionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropositionType`
Description	'PropositionType' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Propositions and an argument restriction for various relations on Propositions types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	MentalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	BeliefType^c
Members	Ordinance Prognosis RealWorldTruth BodyOfAcceptedLore Hypothesis Meaning Chimera Prohibition UnfavorableOpinion Judgment Postulate Axiom ScientificTheory Apartheid SuspicionOfGuilt Horoscope Stereotype Statute Law Segregation Microtheory BanOnAbortion Truth PropositionPair BodyOfaCommunication BasicAssumption Constitution Belief Regulation MultivariateSpecification Curfew Self-Concept Bid DatabaseConstraint Decree Oralism ConservationLaw Interpretation Ideal Assumption RubricRule PropositionalAttitudeContext SportsRule Restriction Antecedent ProjectionOfFutureSituation PropositionGroup Principle PublicOpinion Suspicion Theory Prediction Manualism Obligation Rule MedicalPrognosis Opinion WeatherForecast Ontology LawOfNature Contradiction RulesForConduct MistakenAssumption Proposition COSMOaxiom Grammar RuleForBehavior Assertion OfficialStandard Consequent NeedMicrotheory Paradox

PropositionalAttitudeContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropositionalAttitudeContext`
Description	CYC: The collection of all contexts (all instances of #$Microtheory, q.v.) which contain assertions expressing the propositional attitudes (beliefs, desires, intentions) of some agent or group of agents.
Super-classes	Microtheory^c
Sub-classes	DesiresContext^c GoalsContext^c

PropositionalConceptualWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropositionalConceptualWork`
Description	A specialization of #$ConceptualWork. Each instance of #$PropositionalConceptualWork is an abstract work constituted at least in part by propositional information. Propositional information is information which has a truth value in some context (see #$Proposition). Typically, instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork will be works whose instantiations are composed of (or merely contain) one or more spoken or written sentences. Positive examples of #$PropositionalConceptualWork include any instances of #$ProseLiteraryWork-CW (including instances of #$AcademicEssay and #$ExpositoryArticle). A positive example that is not a literary work is any instance of #$MusicalComposition that has lyrics that express propositions; another positive example is a mostly graphical advertisement that also includes text that expresses propositions.
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c ConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Proposition^c
Sub-classes	Specification^c BookOfTheBible^c Argument^c Joke^c Instructions^c InstructionsDocument^c Criticism-Genre^c LoveStory^c TextualPCW^c Fiction-DerivedWorks^c ScienceFiction-Genre^c PeriodicalIssue^c TextBook-Abstract^c Critique^c Announcement^c Adventure-Genre^c

PropositionalInformationThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PropositionalInformationThing`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc this was a subtype of 'Microtheory' but this seems to unnecessarily broaden the meaning of 'Microtheory' to include any information ('Memory' is a subtype of PropositionalinformationThing'). In COSMO PropositionalInformationThing is made a direct subclass of Information-Content, and the link to Microtheory is severed. This abstract notion includes information represented on physical objects of any kind, from the brains of people to data storage media, provided that the information is propositional. For this purpose, we include simple images as being propsitional information, because an image encodes spatial relation information that could be represented as logical propsitions (the head bone connected to the neck bone, etc.) Cyc:A specialization of both #$InformationStore and #$Microtheory. Each instance of #$PropositionalInformationThing (or PIT ) is an abstract object - a chunk of information consisting of one or more propositions. The propositional content of a PIT is not essentially encoded in any particular language, and it may be representable in many languages. PITs are used to represent the informational contents of #$InformationBearingThings. Objects or events which are instances of #$InformationBearingThing are linked to the abstract PIT contents they embody using the predicate #$containsInformation (see also the function #$PITOfIBTFn). An instance of #$PropositionalInformationThing may be something as simple as the information content of a command to stop one's vehicle, expressed in a road sign or in a traffic officer's gesture, or it may be something as complex as the entire contemporary knowledge of #$Mathematics, embodied in many and various sources.
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Sub-classes	PublishedEdition-PIT^c MentalInformation^c

Propounding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Propounding`
Description	A ''Propounding'' is an ''Advising'' ''Action'' in which one Person asserts to another that some idea (principle, fact, theory, course of action) will be useful for some intended course of action or for solving some problem, practical theoretical. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'propound' in WordNet: 1. propound - (put forward, as of an idea)`
Super-classes	Suggesting^c
Restrictions	produces^op some UsefulSuggestion^c hasMainTopic^op some PossibleFutureSituation^c

ProppingSomethingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProppingSomethingUp`
Description	''ProppingSomethingUp'' is an transitive Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to remain in an elevated position by inserting a physical object under it to serve as a 'prop. (supporting structure that hold `(a support placed beneath Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prop up' in WordNet: 1. (2) prop up, prop, shore up, shore - (support by placing against something solid or rigid; 'shore and buttress an old building')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c SupportingSomething^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BeingSupported^c requiresResource^op value Prop^c

Proprietary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proprietary

Description

''Proprietary'' is an AttributeValue of commercial ''Product''s that are protected by ''Patent'' or ''Copyright'' or ''Trademark''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proprietary' in Wordnet:
         1. proprietary - (protected by trademark or patent or copyright; made or produced
            or distributed by one having exclusive rights;
            " 'Tylenol' is a proprietary drug of which 'acetaminophen' is the generic form ")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Proprietor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proprietor`
Description	A ''Proprietor'' is a Person who owns (all of or most of) a ''Business''. The Business can be very small, such as a B and B. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proprietor' in WordNet: 1. (11) owner, proprietor - ((law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business; 'he is the owner of a chain of restaurants')`
Super-classes	Owner^c
Restrictions	owns^op some Business^c

Propriety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Propriety`
Description	''Propriety'' is a 'MannerOfBehavior' that has the attribute ''SociallyAppropriate'' ('proper'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propriety' in WordNet: 1. (1) propriety, properness, correctitude - (correct or appropriate behavior)`
Super-classes	MannerOfBehavior^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SociallyAppropriate^c

ProrityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProrityType`
Description	''ProrityType'' is a specialized metaclass that allows assigning qualitative values of priority to tasks.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c AttributeValueType^c
Members	LowPriority HighPriority MediumPriority Urgent Vital-Urgent PriorityLevel

ProsAndCons^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProsAndCons

Description

''ProsAndCons'' are a group of Arguments that include factors in favor of a proposal and factors opposed.

         'Weigh the pros and cons.'

Super-classes Group^c
Argument^c

ProseArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProseArticle`
Description	A '''ProseArticle'' is a ''DocumentPart'' that is the abstract representation of some self-contained ''AbstractDocument'' that is paart of a larger ''AbstractDocument'' but not directly dependent on any other part. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'article ' in WordNet: 1. (14) article - (nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication)`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c FactualText^c DocumentPart^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some AbstractDocument^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Self-Contained^c
Sub-classes	Sidebar^c

ProseLiteraryWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProseLiteraryWork`
Description	In Cyc termed 'ProseLiteraryWork-CW'. Cyc: The collection of all #$PropositionalConceptualWorks which are prose. Including all instances of #$Article-PCW, #$AcademicEssay, #$Novel-CW. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prose' in WordNet: 1. (3) prose - (ordinary writing as distinguished from verse)`
Super-classes	LiteraryWork^c
Sub-classes	AdventureStory^c MysteryStory^c Article^c FictionalStory^c Essay^c ShortProseWork^c

Prosecution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prosecution`
Description	''Prosecution'' is that part of a ''CriminalProceding'' in which a ''Prosecutor'' with the proper authority files criminal charges against a defendent, and manages the case until dropped or taken to verdict in a trial. all subsequent actions in the same case. The other part would be the 'defense'. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'prosecute' and noun sense 1 of 'prosecution' in WordNet: 1. (3) prosecute - (conduct a prosecution in a court of law) 2. (3) prosecute - (bring a criminal action against (in a trial); 'The State of California prosecuted O.J. Simpson') WN noun 'prosecution': 1. (3) prosecution, criminal prosecution - (the institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant for criminal behavior)`
Super-classes	LegalAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Prosecutor^c

Prosecutor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prosecutor

Description

CYC: The collection of all prosecutors: i.e., the collection of all lawers employed by the state for the purpose of prosecuting criminal cases within a defined jurisdiction.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prosecutor' in WordNet:
            1. (4) prosecutor, public prosecutor, prosecuting officer, prosecuting attorney -
            (a government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state)

Super-classes LegalProfessional^c
Lawyer^c
JudicialAgent^c
PublicOfficial^c

Prospect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prospect`
Description	A ''Prospect'' is a ''Chance'' of some ''FutureSituation'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prospect' in WordNet: 1. (10) prospect, chance - (the possibility of future success; 'his prospects as a writer are excellent')`
Super-classes	Chance^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.1^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.9^c

Prospecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prospecting`
Description	''Prospecting'' is an ''ExplorationSearch'' in which a ''Prospector'' searches for mineral resources, including oil and mineral ores, which typically requires digging or drilling into the Ground. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prospect' in WordNet: 2. prospect - (explore for useful or valuable things or substances, such as minerals)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c ExplorationSearch^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Prospector^c hasThingSought^op value MineralResource^c

Prospective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prospective

Description

''Prospective'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''PossibleFutureSituation'' or some entity(s) that are saliently associated with such a Situation. The additional element of 'anticipated/expected' that may be implied in some cases is included here,but may be distinguished as a separate sense if it can be clearly recognized in text.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'prospective' in Wordnet:
           1. (6) prospective - (concerned with or related to the future; 
                 'prospective earnings'; 'a prospective mother'; 
                 'the statute is solely prospective in operation')
            2. (2) prospective - (anticipated for the near future; 
                'the prospective students'; 'his prospective bride')

Super-classes Possible^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Prospector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prospector`
Description	A ''Prospector'' is the Role of a Person who performs ''Prospecting'' searching for valuable ''MineralResource''s such as ores, petroleum, or gems. The term 'prospector' usally refers to those hunting for mineral ores. Oil exploration is these days mostly conducted by large companies, though there were 'wildcatters' who searched as individuals or small groups. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prospector' in WordNet: 1. prospector - (someone who explores an area for mineral deposits)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Prospecting^c

Prosperity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prosperity`
Description	''Prosperity'' is ''Wellbeing'' in which a Person or Group of People well have above average health and wealth, and have no financial impediments to deep happiness. (Personal issues can interfere with that). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prosperity' in WordNet: 2. (1) prosperity, successfulness - (the condition of prospering; having good fortune)`
Super-classes	Wellbeing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VeryGood^c
Sub-classes	Wealthiness^c

Prostate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prostate

Description

CYC: The collection of all #$Prostate #$Glands. Each instance of this collection is a gland situated adjacent to the urinary bladder (#$Bladder-Urinary) of a male #$Mammal within which the #$EjaculatoryDucts join the #$Urethra.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prostate' in WordNet:
          1. prostate gland, prostate - 
            (a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males 
            at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion 
            that is the fluid part of semen)

Super-classes EndocrineGland^c

Prosthetic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prosthetic

Description

''Prosthetic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' characterizing and pertaining to a ''ArtificialBodyPart'' (a 'prosthetic device').

        Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'prosthetic' in Wordnet:
          1. prosthetic - (of or relating to prosthetics)
          2. prosthetic - (relating to or serving as a prosthesis)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Prostitute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prostitute`
Description	An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation and a specialization of #$SexWorker. Each instance of #$Prostitute is a person who earns at least part of his/her livelihood by performing sexual acts in exchange for money. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prostitute' in WordNet: 1. (1) prostitute, cocotte, whore, harlot, bawd, tart, cyprian, fancy woman, working girl, sporting lady, lady of pleasure, woman of the street - (a woman who engages in sexual intercourse for money)`
Super-classes	Fornicator^c SexWorker^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Prostitution^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Prostitution^c
Sub-classes	StreetWalker^c

Prostitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prostitution`
Description	Each instance of #$Prostitution is an event in which a #$Prostitute performs #$SexualBehavior with a client for money. `NOTE that there are places where Prostitution is not a crime, so that parent type may have to be removed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prostitution' in WordNet: 1. (2) prostitution, harlotry, whoredom - (offering sexual intercourse for pay)`
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c CommercialActivity^c Crime^c SexualBehavior^c BusinessEvent^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value HumanSexualIntercourse^c

Prostrate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prostrate

Description

''Prostrate'' is a subtype of ''MostlyHorizontal'' applying to the posture of a Person who is lying ''MostlyHorizontal'' (flat), whether face up or face down or on one's side. The WN sense 2 can be a subtype when needed.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'prostrate' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) flat, prostrate - (stretched out and lying at full 
             length along the ground; 'found himself lying flat on the floor')
         2. prone, prostrate - (lying face downward)

Super-classes MostlyHorizontal^c

Protactinium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protactinium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Protactinium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protactinium' in WordNet:
          1. protactinium, protoactinium, Pa, atomic number 91 -
              (a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed 
               from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Protagonist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protagonist`
Description	A 'Protagonist' is a ''FictionalCharacter'' who is the main (''Principal'') character in a work of fiction (a ''FictionalStory''). Usually a Person, but aliens and other intelligent creatures may serve this role. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'protagonist' in WordNet: 2. protagonist, agonist - (the principal character in a work of fiction)`
Super-classes	FictionalIntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fictional^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Principal^c existsInContext^op value FictionalStory^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value FictionalStory^c

Protected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protected`
Description	''Protected'' is a property of PhysicalObjects and Actions that have some kind of ''Protective'' Device or system or Guardian to make them safer or less liable to damage or (for Actions) hindrance. `This can be a Person or Device protected from harm, a valuable thing protected from theft, or a location 'protected' from the effects of bad weather, among other things. NOTE: being 'protected' does not make one completely 'secure', just more so than without the ''Protecting'' action. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'protected' in Wordnet: 1. (1) protected, secure - (kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss; 'the most protected spot I could find')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Sheltered^c

Protecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protecting`
Description	The general sense of acting so as to protect oneself, a place, an object, or an associate against some form of danger; this is also used for the subtype 'SavingforFutureUse', where the 'danger' is only a premature use or premature wearing out of some useful thing. The protection can be active, as in fighting an opponent, or passive, as in placing a cover over something to keep it from getting wet (in the rain) or dusty; or, in the case of money, placing it in some place safe from theft or undesired use by others.. This includes defense against natural forces as well as animate opponents; the more specific subtype 'Defending' is an act of protecting against an attack by an opponent. @ToDo: distinguish action by a person from passive forms of protecting; find a nuance to distinguish 'protect' from 'guard' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'protect' and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'guard' and noun sense 1 of 'protection' in WordNet: 1. (44) protect - (shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage; 'Weatherbeater protects your roof from the rain') 1. (19) protection - (the activity of protecting someone or something; 'the witnesses demanded police protection') WN verb 'guard': 2. (6) guard, ward - (watch over or shield from danger or harm; protect; 'guard my possessions while I'm away') 3. (2) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks')
Super-classes	Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value IncurringDamage^c hasAttributeValue^op value Protective^c hasThingProtected^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Insulating^c GuardingSomething^c ProtectingPassively^c SavingForFutureUse^c Defending^c Saving^c

ProtectingPassively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectingPassively`
Description	'ProtectingPassively' is a 'Protecting' in which some inanimate object protects something or someone from harm. This is not an Action. This includes defense against natural forces as well as animate opponents; This can be accomplished by a natural object (e.g. a cave) or an artifact. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'protect' and noun sense 1 of 'protection' in WordNet: 1. (44) protect - (shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage; 'Weatherbeater protects your roof from the rain') WN Also, part of verb 'guard': (this may be passive, but usually isn't) 3. (2) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; Hold that position behind the trees!; Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks)`
Super-classes	Protecting^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value IncurringDamage^c
Sub-classes	ProtectingaPersonPassively^c ShelteringAnAnimal^c

ProtectingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectingaPerson`
Description	''ProtectingaPerson'' is a ''GuardingSomething'' where the thing guarded is a ''Person''.
Super-classes	GuardingSomething^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hadBeneficiary^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Chaperoning^c GuardingaChild^c

ProtectingaPersonPassively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectingaPersonPassively`
Description	''ProtectingaPerson'' is a ''Protecting'' performed by some 'Device'' or ''Covering-Object'' where the thing protected is a ''Person''.
Super-classes	ProtectingPassively^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value InjuryCondition^c isPerformedBy^op only (Covering-Object^c or Device^c or DeviceType^c) hadBeneficiary^op some Person^c

Protective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protective`
Description	'Protective' is an AttributeValue of Object or Action that serves to protect something from harm. If an Object, it may be a participant in a 'Protecting' Event; if an Event, it may be a cause of a Protecting Event. @ToDO; this attributeValue needs rules to relate it to Protecting. The relation used is a placeholder. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'protective' in WordNet: 1. (9) protective - (intended or adapted to afford protection of some kind; 'a protective covering'; 'the use of protective masks and equipment'; 'protective coatings'; 'kept the drunken sailor in protective custody'; 'animals with protective coloring'; 'protective tariffs')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Defensive^c

ProtectiveCap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectiveCap`
Description	A ''ProtectiveCap'' is a ''ProtectiveCovering'' that is attached only at the top end of an object (or part of an object) and projects `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cap' in WordNet: 4. (1) cap - (something serving as a cover or protection)`
Super-classes	ProtectiveCovering^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value Rod^c
Sub-classes	Ferrule^c

ProtectiveClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectiveClothing`
Description	' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protective garment' in WordNet: 1. protective garment - (clothing that is intended to protect the wearer from injury)`
Super-classes	ClothingItem^c FoldableObject^c ProtectiveSystem^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ProtectingaPersonPassively^c
Sub-classes	JockStrap^c

ProtectiveCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectiveCovering`
Description	A ''ProtectiveCovering'' is a ''Covering'' and an artifactual ''ProtectiveObject'' that is designed to protect something (from any undesirable thing) by covering it `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protective covering' in WordNet: 1. protective covering, protective cover, protection - (a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury; 'they had no protection from the fallout'; 'wax provided protection for the floors')`
Super-classes	Covering^c ProtectiveObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CoveringSomething^c hasDesignFunction^op value ProtectingPassively^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Protective^c
Sub-classes	BookCover^c Goggles^c Hood^c ShieldDevice^c Sheath^c Ferrule^c ProtectiveCap^c

ProtectiveMask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectiveMask`
Description	A ''ProtectiveMask'' is a ''Mask'' designed to protect the Face, or a part of the Face, such as eyes, or other parts of the body accessible through the face, such as the lungs or, in the case of a ''GasMask'', the whole body. This is distinguished from ''Mask''s that are used for concealing identity or as a costume. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'mask' in WordNet: 4. mask - (a protective covering worn over the face)`
Super-classes	Mask^c Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ProtectingaPersonPassively^c

ProtectiveObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectiveObject`
Description	This is for objects that may be natural or artifactual that are 'designed' by evolution or by people to provide some form of protection for animals.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Protective^c hasDesignFunction^op value Protecting^c
Sub-classes	ProtectiveSystem^c ProtectiveCovering^c EarPlug^c ShelterConstruction^c RainGear^c Shell^c Bumper^c Moat^c Horseshoe^c AnimalMadeShelter^c AnimalCovering^c Den^c Cocoon^c BeaverDam^c NaturalShelter^c

ProtectiveSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtectiveSystem`
Description	This is for objects. Methods to protect oneself from harm are not yet represented. (for 'precaution' use 'Caution' until more detail is added) CYC: #$ProtectiveSystem is the collection of objects that are supposed to prevent damage. Instances of #$ProtectiveSystem will either lower something's vulnerability or lower the #$DegreeOfDamage it incurs in a situation. Also, instances of #$ProtectiveSystem can either be part of the object protected or distinct from it. This collection includes both natural systems (e.g., turtle shells and cacti thistles) as well as intentionally designed systems (e.g., shields and barricades). To refer to the latter specifically, use #$DefenseSystem. Includes part of sense 2 of 'protection' (the object part) in WordNet: 2. (5) protective covering, protective cover, protection - (a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury; 'they had no protection from the fallout'; 'wax provided protection for the floors')
Super-classes	ProtectiveObject^c FunctionalSystem^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Protective^c
Sub-classes	Umbrella^c TreeBark^c DefenseSystem^c MulchLayer^c CoasterForDrink^c Roof^c Kneecap^c Shelter^c SpinalColumn^c Thimble^c ProtectiveClothing^c

Protector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protector`
Description	A 'Protector' is a HumanRole (a Person) who provides some type and some degree of security from some threat. his is a very general type, including many different subtypes. `Includes noun senses 3 of 'preserver', sense 1 of 'defender', sense 1 of 'guardian', sense 1 of 'protector' sense 1 of 'shielder', sense 1 of 'guard' in WordNet: WN 'preserver' 3. preserver - (someone who keeps safe from harm or danger) WN 'defender': 1. (3) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property) WN noun 'guard': 1. (15) guard - (a person who keeps watch over something or someone)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Protecting^c
Sub-classes	Guard^c Chaperone^c HumanWatchdog^c

Protectorate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protectorate`
Description	The physical and functional sides of a Protectorate - a ''GeographicalArea'' (a PhysicalObject) that is weakly controlled by a foreign power, and (typically) strongly defended by them in case of attack. `NOTE: the relationships of Protectorate to Foreign power are not well detailed here. Needs more definition. 'controlled' reation is too broad. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protectorate' in WordNet: 1. (1) protectorate, associated state - (a state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs; protectorates are established by treaty)`
Super-classes	ControlledLand^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op some GeopoliticalEntity^c

Protege^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protege`
Description	A ''Protege'' is a 'Trainee' who reecives guidance or advice or other assistance from a 'patron' to advance hissher knowledge of a field. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protege' in WordNet: 1. (1) protege - (a person who receives support and protection from an influential patron who furthers the protege's career)`
Super-classes	Trainee^c
Restrictions	isTheBeneficiaryOf^op value Patronage^c

Protein^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protein`
Description	A polymer whose constituent units are amino acids. A Protein may have chemical groups attached such as phosphate or sugars, but it remains a Protein. NOTE that a Protein must be of a kind produced in organisms, or something similar. Therefore a homopolymer produced synthetically is not a Protein, but a synthetic version of a natural enzyme is a Protein. Although Protein generically is not classified as 'OrganicCompound', specific proteins (e.g. BovineSerumALbumin) may be sufficiently well defined to classify as 'OrganicCompound'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protein' in Wordnet: 1. (23) protein - (any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; 'a diet high in protein')
Super-classes	HeteroPolymer^c Biopolymer^c MacroMolecularSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasMonomerUnit^op only AminoAcidUnit^c hasUnitObject^op value ProteinMolecule^c
Sub-classes	Albuminoid^c Hemoglobin^c Antibody^c Enzyme^c Gelatin^c Albumen^c

ProteinFolding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProteinFolding`
Description	The specialized biochemical process in which a protein - newly synthesized or unfolded form its natural conformation, becomes folded, in which shape it may perform its normal biochemical functions. This is normally used intransitively, as the proteins self-fold under the proper conditions, but it may include an act in which some other agent causes the protein to fold properly. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'fold' and more specifically, noun sense 1 of 'folding' in WordNet: WN vern 'fold': 1. (5) fold, fold up, turn up - (bend or lay so that one part covers the other; 'fold up the newspaper'; 'turn up your collar') WN noun 'folding': 1. protein folding, folding - (the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape; 'understanding protein folding is the next step in deciphering the genetic code')`
Super-classes	BiochemicalReaction^c Folding^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Protein^c

ProteinMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProteinMolecule`
Description	A ''ProteinMolecule'' is a ''ChemicalSequence'' consisting of ''AminoAcidUnit''s. This is one ''Molecule'' of a ''Protein''.
Super-classes	ChemicalSequence^c PeptideMolecule^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value AminoAcidUnit^c

ProteinSynthesis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProteinSynthesis`
Description	''ProteinSynthesis'' is a ''BiochemicalReaction'' that occurs in cells of all organisms in which ''ProteinMolecule''s are synthesized.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalProcess^c BiochemicalReaction^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Protein^c produced^op value ProteinMolecule^c

Protest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protest

Description

A ''Protest'' is a ''Declaration'' (an AbstractOject) of objections, often produced by a ''Resisting'' action. This is a MentalObject that may have some corresponding document containing a corresponding text, and may be produced by one person or a group..

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protest' in WordNet:
       1. (11) protest, protestation - (a formal and solemn declaration of objection;
         'they finished the game under protest to the league president'; 
         'the senator rose to register his protest'; 'the many protestations did not stay the execution')

Super-classes Declaration^c

ProtestantDenomination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtestantDenomination`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Protestant denomination' in WordNet: 1. (3) Protestant denomination - (group of Protestant congregations)`
Super-classes	ReligiousDenomination^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some ChristianGroup^c
Sub-classes	MormonChurch^c AnglicanChurch^c

ProtestantPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtestantPerson`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who adhere to a faith in #$ProtestantReligion. The basic tenet of Protestantism is the non-mandatory role of the #$Priest as an intercessionary between a believer and #$GodOfAbrahamIsaacAndJacob, or between a believer and the proper interpretation of the holy texts (such as the #$Bible). As a divergence from #$Catholicism, Protestants generally believe in a school of Christianity that differs in some key respects. Among the chief differences are: #$CatholicPerson shows more devotion to #$Mary-MotherOfJesus, and has a belief in #$Transubstantiation -- the process whereby bread is turned into the body of #$JesusChrist). Some subclasses of #$ProtestantPerson view the latter as being of symbolic import only (e.g., #$AnglicanReligion), while followers of the #$Lutheran school believe in #$Transubstantiation as a transformation, but deny the necessary role of the #$Priest as an agent of this transformation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Protestant' in WordNet: 1. (15) Protestant - (an adherent of Protestantism)`
Super-classes	ReligiousPerson^c ChristianPerson^c
Sub-classes	LutheranPerson^c Puritan^c MormonPerson^c Episcopalian^c AnglicanPerson^c FundamentalistPerson^c PresbyterianPerson^c AnabaptistPerson^c MethodistPerson^c Baptist^c

ProtestingaPolicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtestingaPolicy`
Description	''ProtestingaPolicy'' is a ''ResistingaPolicy' by performing some activity in a public place. For similar actions by a GroupOfPeople (an ''Assembly'') of at least three people use subtype ''DemonsratingForaPolicy''. `CYC 'PublicProtesting': A specialization of #$PoliticalEvent in which one or more participants engage in instances of #$Objecting-CommunicationAct. Each instance of #$PublicProtesting is a public objection, by an individual or group, to some action or state of affairs. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'protest' in WordNet: WN noun 'protest': 2. (4) protest, objection, dissent - (the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent)`
Super-classes	PoliticalEvent^c ResistingaPolicy^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Protest^c isPerformedBy^op value Demonstrator^c
Sub-classes	Picketing^c DemonstratingForaPolicy^c

Proton^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proton

Description

A specialization of #$Nucleon. Each instance of #$Proton is a nucleon which has an #$ElectricalCharge of +1.

        NOTE: a Proton can be viewed as a subatomic particle,
        or as the positive ion of a Hydrogen atom.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proton' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) proton - (a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron)

Super-classes ChargedParticle^c
Nucleon^c
Cation^c

Protoplasm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protoplasm`
Description	A collective term for all of the stuff inside the cell wall of a cell, including membranes and plasmids: RHW: Biol. (no longer in technical use) the colloidal and liquid substance of which cells are formed, excluding horny, chitinous, and other structural material; the cytoplasm and nucleus. `CYC: The living part of the cell within the plasma membrane. That within the nucleus is the #$Nucleoplasm, that without is the #$Cytoplasm. NOTE: in WN, this is not a subtype of 'BodySubstance' - why? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protoplasm' in WordNet: 1. (1) protoplasm, living substance - (the substance of a living cell (including cytoplasm and nucleus))`
Super-classes	Mixture^c BodySubstance^c
Sub-classes	Cytoplasm^c

Prototherian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prototherian`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prototherian' in WordNet: 1. prototherian - (primitive oviparous mammals found only in Australia and Tasmania and New Guinea)`
Super-classes	Mammal^c
Sub-classes	Monotreme^c

Prototype^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prototype

Description

An ''Prototype''is a 'GoodExample' that has all or most of the most desirable characteristics of a thing, in a high degree or level of excellence - in essence, a 'model' that could not be much better.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epitome' in WordNet:
       1. (2) prototype, paradigm, epitome, image - 
         (a standard or typical example; 'he is the prototype of good breeding';
           'he provided America with an image of the good father')

Super-classes GoodExample^c

Prototypical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prototypical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prototypical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) archetypal, archetypical, prototypal, prototypic, prototypical - (representing or constituting an original type after which other similar things are patterned; 'archetypal patterns'; 'she was the prototypal student activist')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c Typical^c
Sub-classes	Quintessential^c

ProtozoalInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProtozoalInfection`
Description	A ''ProtozoalInfection'' `CYC: 'ProtozoanInfection': A specialization of #$Infection. Each instance of #$ProtozoanInfection is an infection caused by protozoa (see the collection #$Protozoan). Notable specializations of #$ProtozoanInfection include #$Giardiasis and #$Malaria. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protozoal infection' in WordNet: 1. protozoal infection - (any infection caused by a protozoan)`
Super-classes	Infection^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op some Protozoan^c
Sub-classes	Malaria^c

Protozoan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protozoan`
Description	A ''Protozoan'' is a eukaryotic single-cell organism. . Includes the amoebae.. CYC: The collection of protozoa; a subcollection of #$SingleCellOrganism. Instances of #$Protozoan are also instances of #$EukaryoticCell. Subcollections include #$Amoeba and many others. Protozoa lack cell walls made of cellulose. Many protozoa are motile, using pseudopoda, cilia, or flagella to move. Some cause diseases in larger organisms. The class #$Protozoan is an instance of #$BiologicalSubkingdom in many classification systems, sometimes placed under the #$ProtistaKingdom. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protozoan' in WordNet: 1. (1) protozoan, protozoon - (any of diverse minute acellular or unicellular organisms usually nonphotosynthetic)
Super-classes	EukaryoticCell^c SingleCellOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Ciliate^c Rhizopod^c

Protruding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protruding`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protrude' in WordNet: 1. (7) stick out, protrude, jut out, jut, project - (extend out or project in space; 'His sharp nose jutted out'; 'A single rock sticks out from the cliff')`
Super-classes	ExtendingOutward^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value Protrusion^c

Protrusion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protrusion`
Description	CYC: The collection of all outcroppings which stick out from other objects. Instances of this collection are all #$externalParts of some large object. Examples of subsets of this collection are #$Mountains and #$Tail-BodyParts. This includes things protruding part of Artifacts. I COSMO This is a Feature considered as a part of an Object, part of a comparatively flat surface ('flat' depending on scale or grain size), which is a relatively shallow protrusion outward (requiring that an in/out axis is recognized). Possible Usage: A 'Protrusion' and a 'bulge' are both a convex outward Features, but a 'Protrusion' might be considered as a more pronounced deviation from flatness than 'Bulge. As a rough guideline, if the height above the nominal surface is one half or less than the width of the convexity, it could be called a 'Bulge' rather than a 'Protrusion'. This usage needs to ' be determined from multiple examples before being formalized. For long and thin protrusions use ''Projection'' and its subtypes. Includes noun sense 1 of 'protrusion' and sense 5 of 'boss' in Wordnet: 1. bulge, bump, hump, gibbosity, gibbousness, jut, prominence, protuberance, protrusion, extrusion, excrescence - (something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from its surroundings; 'the gun in his pocket made an obvious bulge'; 'the hump of a camel'; 'he stood on the rocky prominence'; 'the occipital protuberance was well developed'; 'the bony excrescence between its horns') WN noun 'boss': 5. knob, boss - (a circular rounded projection or protuberance)
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c PhysicalObject^c PhysicalFeature^c Convexity^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Protruding^c
Sub-classes	LightFixture^c Teat^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c HillOrMountain^c Projection^c Feather^c Ear^c Pimple^c Horn^c Plateau^c RatchetTooth^c GunTurret^c CoatTail^c Promontory^c Beak^c HairlikeFiber^c NailHead^c SurfaceSpike^c Twig^c Billow^c GearTooth^c TreeBranch^c ElectricLightFixture^c HangingDownPart^c MammaryGland^c Handle^c Nose^c Nail-AnimalBodyPart^c InsectProboscis^c PlantBranch^c

Proud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proud`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing pride. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proud' in WordNet: 1. (14) proud - (feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride; 'proud parents'; 'proud of his accomplishments'; 'a proud moment'; 'proud to serve his country'; 'a proud name'; 'proud princes')`
Super-classes	Happy^c
Sub-classes	Exultant^c Boastful^c Arrogant^c

Proudly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proudly

Description

''Proudly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'proudly' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) proudly, with pride - (in a proud manner; 'he walked proudly into town')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

ProvablyFalse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvablyFalse

Description

ProvablyFalse is a level of credibility that applies to an assertion that is contradicted by convincing strong evidence or well-established principles. Having a Probability less than 0.01.

 Corresponds to adjective senses  2 of 'unbelievable' in WOrdNet:
   2. improbable, unbelievable, unconvincing, unlikely -
      (having a probability too low to inspire belief)

Super-classes ProbablyFalse^c

Proven^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proven

Description

''Proven'' is the attribute of an Assertion that is the object (patient) of a ''Proving'' action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proven' and sense 2 of 'verified' in WordNet:
          1. proved, proven - (established beyond doubt; 'a proven liar'; 
           'a Soviet leader of proven shrewdness')
        WN adjective 'verified':
         2. verified - (proved to be true; 'a verified claim')

Super-classes Confirmed^c

Provenance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provenance`
Description	A ''Provenance'' can be any Object or Location including people or Organizations where something was created or came into existence. This has some overlap with ''PlaceOfOrigin'' but this includes MentalObjects which can arise from mental Events. `Root of 'PROVO' ontology elements "provo". Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'provenance' in WordNet: 1. (1) birthplace, cradle, place of origin, provenance, provenience - (where something originated or was nurtured in its early existence; the birthplace of civilization')`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	HolyPlace^c PlaceOfOrigin^c

Proverb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proverb`
Description	A ''Proverb'' is an ''Expression'' that is believed by some community of people to convey some 'wisdom' gained by experience and worth remembering. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proverb' in WordNet: 1. (3) proverb, adage, saw, byword - (a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people)`
Super-classes	Expression^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Belief^c isaRepresentationOf^op value Wisdom^c isKnownBy^op value SocialGroup^c

Proverbial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proverbial

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proverbial' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) proverbial - (of or relating to or resembling or expressed in a proverb; 
            'he kicked the proverbial bucket'; "the proverbial grasshopper")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Providence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Providence`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'providence' in WordNet: 4. providence - (the prudence and care exercised by someone in the management of resources)`
Super-classes	Prudence^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Provident^c
Sub-classes	Foresight^c

Provident^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provident

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'provident' in Wordnet:
        1. provident - (providing carefully for the future; 'wild squirrels are provident';
           'a provident father plans for his children's education')

Super-classes Prudent^c

Providential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Providential

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'providential' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) heaven-sent, providential, miraculous - (peculiarly fortunate or appropriate;
              as if by divine intervention; 'a heaven-sent rain saved the crops'; 
              'a providential recovery')

Super-classes Unexpected^c

Provider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provider`
Description	A ''Provider'' is a ''Benefactor'' who helps another agent by providing some good or services, or financial assistance.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'provider' in WordNet: 2. provider - (someone who provides the means for subsistence)`
Super-classes	Benefactor^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some (ProvidingMonetarySupport^c or RaisingChildren^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	ParentOrGuardian^c

Providing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Providing`
Description	Each 'Providing' (synonyms: supplying, furnishing) is a very general Action in which an IntelligentAgent gives (physically or in an abstract sense) something useful to someone or to something else. Subtypes such as ''ProvidingEmegencyRelief'' can be much more specific. The more specialized 'Giving' to another IntelligentAgent is a subtype of this sense. This is broad and includes notions such as 'furnishing' a room with decorations or accessories as well as actual transfers of objects. It is classified as a ServiceEvent because it is performed for the purpose of benefitting some agent, even if the Agent is the person performing the Providing. This includes giving temporarily (lending), as well as giving a gift with no obligation to reciprocate. This is not necessarily a transfer of possession, but can be a metaphorical type of 'giving' such as giving a name to a person, assigning a value to a variable (but only when done directly by a person), assigning a person to a task or a position, 'providing' a job to a person, giving a right to someone or giving information to someone. Instances of a Providing are required by the constraints to specify the agent doing the Providing, the thing provides, and the agent or object that received the thing was given. This is not necessarily a physical 'transfer' because the thing 'given' (such as a name) may not actually exist until it is given, and may not in any sense 'move' from one place to another. the abstract senses of 'giving, providing' that are instances of this type but not instances of the subtype 'GivingEvent' include: giving information providing access giving a name to someone (use 'AssigningEvent') assigning a value to a variable furnishing an object or space with physical objects (furnishing a room with decorations or furniture) providing entertainment giving someone trouble Includes verb senses 1 of 'furnish', sense 1 of'provide' and sense 1 of 'supply' and sense 2 of 'give' and sense 2 of 'afford' and noun sense 2 of 'provision' in WordNet: 1. (28) supply, provide, render, furnish - (provide or furnish with; 'We provided the room with an electrical heater') WN verb 'accommodate': 3. (3) accommodate - (provide with something desired or needed; 'Can you accommodate me with a rental car?') WN 'provision': 2. (4) provision, supply, supplying - (the activity of supplying or providing something)
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c ServiceEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some IntelligentAgent^c hadThingTransferred^op some (Object^c or SubstanceType^c or ObjectType^c or Object^c or GenericAgent^c or SubstanceType^c or AgentType^c) hadRecipient^op only (Object^c or SubstanceType^c or ObjectType^c or Object^c or GenericAgent^c or SubstanceType^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	Logistics^c CommercialCatering^c Equipping^c IndulgingaDesire^c Fueling^c ServingFoodOrDrink^c AssigningEvent^c GivingEvent^c ProvidingMaterialSupport^c Captioning^c Distributing^c

ProvidingClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvidingClothing`
Description	''ProvidingClothing'' is the transfer of ''Clothing'' to others. This is one of the duties of parents to their children, but also can be performed by charitable organizations or as emergency relief in the case of major natural disasters or shipwrecks or other cases where people no longer have access to their own belongings. A specialized case would be prviding a costume, for example for a play or movie. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'clothe' (ro provide clothing, not to actually dress a Person as a parent would a young child) in WordNet: 1. (4) dress, clothe, enclothe, garb, raiment, tog, garment, habilitate, fit out, apparel - (provide with clothes or put clothes on; 'Parents must feed and dress their child')`
Super-classes	ProvidingMaterialSupport^c HelpingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Clothing^c hadRecipient^op value Person^c

ProvidingComfort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvidingComfort`
Description	A ''ProvidingComfort'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which the thing given is 'comfort', mental or physical; the two types mental/physical are subtype of this type. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (4) comfort, soothe, console, solace - (give moral or emotional strength to) 2. (1) comfort, ease - (lessen pain or discomfort; alleviate; "ease the pain in your legs")`
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Comfort^c
Sub-classes	ProvidingMentalComfort^c ProvidingPhysicalComfort^c

ProvidingEmergencyRelief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvidingEmergencyRelief`
Description	''ProvidingEmergencyRelief'' is the transfer of goods or services to some Person or People to help alleviate the damage caused by a disaster. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'relieve' and noun sense 5 of 'relief' in WordNet: 5. (1) salvage, salve, relieve, save - (save from ruin, destruction, or harm) WN noun 'relief': 5. (3) relief, succor, succour, ministration - (assistance in time of difficulty; 'the contributions provided some relief for the victims') WN verb 'succor': 1. succor, succour - (help in a difficult situation)`
Super-classes	HighPriorityTask^c HelpingAnAgent^c ProvidingMaterialSupport^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op value Base^c hadRecipient^op value GenericAgent^c wasMotivatedBy^op some Disaster^c hasPurpose^op value RelievingSuffering^c hadThingTransferred^op value PreparedFood^c hadGiver^op value Organization^c
Sub-classes	LifesavingAction^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewOrleansFloodRelief2005

ProvidingEvidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvidingEvidence`
Description	''ProvidingEvidence''is a ''ConveyingInformation'' in which the information conveyed (by any means) provides ''Evidence'' that has some 'probatory value' for assertions of fact. The 'affected object' that is the information conveyed is ''Evidence'' For ''ProvidingEvidence'' indirectly by behavior (intentionally or unintentionally) rather than by intentionally informing someone,use the subtype ''Manifesting'' Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'evidence' in WordNet: 1. (10) attest, certify, manifest, demonstrate, evidence - (provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; 'His high fever attested to his illness'; 'The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication'; 'This decision demonstrates his sense of fairness') 2. (3) testify, bear witness, prove, evidence, show - (provide evidence for; 'The blood test showed that he was the father'; 'Her behavior testified to her incompetence') 3. (1) tell, evidence - (give evidence; 'he was telling on all his former colleague')
Super-classes	ConveyingInformation^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Evidence^c
Sub-classes	ConfirmingaFact^c Manifestation^c

ProvidingMaterialSupport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvidingMaterialSupport`
Description	The Action of providing something of monetary value (money, in-kind objects, a place to live) to some living thing, which could be an animal. This is a very general sense, but does not include giving psychological support or supporting someone's arguments; that is ''SupportingaCauseOrParty''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of noun sense 1 of 'support' in WordNet (moral or psychological support is not included): in WordNet: WN verb 'support' 2. (16) support - (support materially or financially; 'he does not support his natural children'; 'The scholarship supported me when I was in college') WN noun 'support': 1. (15) support - (the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities; 'his support kept the family together'; 'they gave him emotional support during difficult times')
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c ShowingSupportForSomething^c Providing^c Benefiting^c
Sub-classes	ProvidingClothing^c ProvidingMonetarySupport^c ProvidingEmergencyRelief^c

ProvidingMentalComfort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvidingMentalComfort`
Description	A ''ProvidingMentalComfort'' is a ''ProvidingComfort'' in which the thing given is ''MentalComfort''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (4) comfort, soothe, console, solace - (give moral or emotional strength to)`
Super-classes	ProvidingComfort^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value MentalComfort^c
Sub-classes	CalmingaPerson^c Consoling^c

ProvidingMonetarySupport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvidingMonetarySupport`
Description	''ProvidingMonetarySupport'' is the Action of giving some amount of money to help a Person or cause. This differs from the parent in that it is specifically money that is given, not in-kind support (providing services or materials) Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 and part of noun sense 1 of 'support' in WordNet (moral or psychological support is not included): in WordNet: WN verb 'support' 2. (16) support - (support materially or financially; 'he does not support his natural children'; 'The scholarship supported me when I was in college') WN noun 'support': 1. (15) support - (the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities; 'his support kept the family together'; 'they gave him emotional support during difficult times')
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c ProvidingMaterialSupport^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value MoneyObject^c
Sub-classes	FinancialAssistance^c FundingaProject^c SubsidizingSomething^c

ProvidingPhysicalComfort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvidingPhysicalComfort`
Description	A ''ProvidingPhysicalComfort'' is a ''ProvidingComfort'' in which the thing given is 'comfort', mental or physical; the two types mental/physical are subtype of this type. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 2. (1) comfort, ease - (lessen pain or discomfort; alleviate; "ease the pain in your legs")`
Super-classes	ProvidingComfort^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value PhysicalComfort^c

Province^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Province`
Description	A ''Province'' is a major geopolitical subdivision of a country other than a ''USA_State''. State of the United States of America. As a GeopoliticalEntity this is both an agent and a GenericLocation. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'province' in WordNet: 1. (4) state, province - (the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; 'his state is in the deep south')`
Super-classes	StateOrProvince^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op value Country^c isaPrimarySubdivisionOf^op some Country^c

Proving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proving`
Description	A form of 'Reasoning' in which an IntelligentAgent demonstrates that an Assertion is true (within some system of axioms, formal or informal, explicit or assumed) by a series of one or more deductive steps using an accepted proof method (such as FOL), that lead from accepted premises (including accepted experimental observations) to the assertion that is at issue. This is only for the reasoning process; experimental observations that are used in proving some hypothesis are not included in this type. To be an instance of this type, the Reasoning should be valid within the system of axioms and assumptions used.. "validity"? Includes sense 2 and 4 of 'prove' in Wordnet: 2. (48) prove, demonstrate, establish, show, shew - (establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; 'The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound'; 'The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture') 4. (4) prove - (prove formally; demonstrate by a mathematical, formal proof) WN 'proof': 6. validation, proof, substantiation - (the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something)
Super-classes	Inferring^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Proof^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Proven^c
Sub-classes	BeingContradictory^c

Provisional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provisional

Description

''Provisional'' is an AttributeValue of some Object in a Role that has that Role at the time indicated, but may or may not retain that Role for the longer term that is usual, depending on unspecified conditions.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'provisional' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) probationary, provisional, provisionary, tentative -
           (under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon;
           'probationary employees'; 'a provisional government'; 
           'just a tentative schedule')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Provisions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provisions`
Description	A Group of FoodObjects, laid aside as a supply for use at some future time. `'provisions' is also used for supplies other than food, as for a journey, but that sense is not in WordNet, and can be represented as 'Supply' unless a more specific sense is needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'provisions' in WordNet: 1. (1) commissariat, provisions, provender, viands, victuals - (a stock or supply of foods)`
Super-classes	FoodObject^c Supply^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some FoodObject^c

Proviso^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proviso`
Description	A LinguisticAssertion (which may be a combination of Assertions) that is part of the content of a proposed Agreement, which, if the Agreement is made, creates an Obligation on the part of one or more of the parties to the Agreement. This kind of LinguisticAssertion can be referred to as a 'provision', 'term', 'stipulation', or a 'condition' for the Agreement to be accepted and valid. This type corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'provision' in RHW, bt applies to any potential agreement, not just a legal instrument: 1. a clause in a legal instrument, a law, etc., providing for a particular matter; stipulation; proviso. Corresponds to the intersection of noun senses 1 of 'provision', 2 of 'stipulation', 3 and 4 of 'condition', 1 of precondition', 3 of 'term' and 1 of 'proviso', in WordNet: 1. (27) provision, proviso - (a stipulated condition; 'he accepted subject to one provision') WN 'condition': 3. (117) condition, precondition, stipulation - (an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else) WN 'term' 3. (113) condition, term - ((usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement; 'the contract set out the conditions of the lease'; 'the terms of the treaty were generous')
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op some Specification^c refersToFutureSituation^op some StipulationCondition^c
Sub-classes	ContractElement^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NoTalking

Provocation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provocation

Description

A ''Provocation'' is an ''AggressiveAction'' sufficient to make the affected person feel ''Provoked''.

        NOTE: WN sense 4 of 'provoke' includes 'harrass' which is too strong for 
        this type, which may be of minor consequence.  This includes only
        part of sense 4.

        RHW 'provoke': 1.  to anger, enrage, exasperate, or vex.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'provocation' in WordNet:
          1. (1) aggravation, irritation, provocation - (unfriendly behavior 
             that causes anger or resentment)

Super-classes AggressiveAction^c

Provocative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provocative

Description

       
         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'provocative' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) provocative - (serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate;
              stimulating discussion or exciting controversy; 'a provocative remark'; 
              'a provocative smile'; 
              'provocative Irish tunes which...compel the hearers to dance'- Anthony Trollope)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Provoked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Provoked`
Description	The attribute of an animal experiencing a strong Annoyance or anger due to the action of another Person. "Provocation" Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'aggravated' in Wordnet: 2. aggravated, provoked - (incited, especially deliberately, to anger; 'aggravated by passive resistance'; 'the provoked animal attacked the child')
Super-classes	Annoyed^c

ProvokingAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProvokingAnAction`
Description	ProvokingAnAction is an Event in which some Person is induced or tempted to take some action, as a result of and in reaction to the action of another Agent (which could be an animal). The Persn may not actually perform the Action; if the Person follows through and performs the Action indiced, that would be an instance of 'elicit a reponse' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arouse' and verb senses 1 and 3 of 'provoke' in WordNet: WN 'arouse': 1. (14) arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, evoke, fire, raise, provoke - (call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); 'arouse pity'; 'raise a smile'; 'evoke sympathy') WN 'provoke': 3. (3) provoke, stimulate - (provide the needed stimulus for)`
Super-classes	StimulatingaPersonToAction^c
Sub-classes	CausingaPersonToAct^c

Prowess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prowess`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prowess' in WordNet: 1. (3) art, artistry, prowess - (a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation; 'the art of conversation'; 'it's quite an art')`
Super-classes	SuperiorSkill^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some (Studying^c or Observing^c or Practicing^c or LearningHowToDoSomething^c)

Prowling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prowling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prowl' in WordNet: 1. (2) prowl - (move about in or as if in a predatory manner; 'The suspicious stranger prowls the streets of the town')`
Super-classes	Walking^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Predator^c

Proximalization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proximalization`
Description	''Proximalization'' is a ''Skill'' involving methods of coordinating muscle movements in the arm and hands, learned by American Sign Language learners from a young age. `Online: Proximalization in sign language Signing activates a series of joints along the arm and hand from the shoulder and elbow to the wrist and knuckles. As infants learn to control joints of the arm, they acquire a new motor skill starting from the shoulder to the elbow and down to the details from wrist to knuckles of fingers over a period of time.`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c ArmMovement^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value SignLanguageGesturing^c

Proximateness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proximateness`
Description	''Proximity'' is a complex form of AttributeValue (should be an Attribute?) that is also an ''AttributeTypeType'' and a ''Quality'': @ToDo: This needs more work with examples. As of rev1463 this is a mixture of differentiable concepts. Each 'Proximity' specifies the maximum 'distance ' by some unit of measure that one entity is from another. This is very broad, and can be used to express notions such as 'x is within ten miles of y' or 'x is within an hour of reaching y' or 'the explosions were less than five minutes apart' or 'Jack's IQ is within five points of Jill's' or 'the DOW is within five points of its all-time high'; the kinds of things related are limited only by how one might relate things in a quantitative fashion. This expresses the generic notion of 'distance', whether abstract or physical. This type requires two specific relations to create an instance: (1) 'hasMaximumDistance' points to some QuantitativeAttributeValue (Quantifier and UnitOfMeasure) that describes the maximum 'distance' in any units, not just spatial; and (2) 'hasProximateEntity' points to an entity of any type that the subject of the relation is 'distant' from, in any quantitative attribute, at a maximum value specified by the 'hasMaximumDistance' relation. NOTE that the relation 'isNearTo' can be used to express vague terms of physical nearness, but this type and its associated relations are required to express not just nearness, and not just physical proximity,but distance in any measurable dimension. This type is structured as a Group, and the intention is that the First element is that pointed to by the 'hasMaximumDistance' relation, and the second element is pointed to by the 'hasProximateEntity' relation. Linguistically, a ternary relation equivalent would be structured as (using ESKIF notation) {?X isWithin ?D of ?Y} to mean that ?X is within ?D (measure in some units) of ?Y by some quantitative mesaure. IN WordNet the word 'proximity' is used only to express spatial nearness, and this more general notion is not close enough for mapping; the nearest English term is 'within' as used in '?X is within ?Y of ?Z' where ?Y is a quantitative measure. Although this concept does not require that the entities related are 'near' in any formal sense - the quantitative distance is not restricted - the relation will typicall be used, as is the expression 'within ?Measure of ?Entity' when the entities being related are in some sense 'near' on that measure dimension. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'proximity' in Wordnet: 1. (1) proximity, propinquity - (the property of being close together) 2. proximity - (the region close around a person or thing)
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some owl:Thing^c isPerformedBy^op some owl:Thing^c hasMaximumDistance^op some QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
In domain of	hasMaximumDistance^op

Proximity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proximity`
Description	A ''Proximity'' is a ''PlaceAtaDistance'' that is ''Nearby''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'proximity' in WordNet: 2. proximity - (the region close around a person or thing)`
Super-classes	PlaceAtaDistance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Nearby^c
Sub-classes	InFrontOfSomething^c

Proxy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Proxy`
Description	A ''Proxy'' is an ''Agent'' who is authorized by some ''Person'' with legal right to perform some Action (such as voting in some forum), to perform that Action in place of the Person with that right. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proxy' in WordNet: 1. proxy, placeholder, procurator - (a person authorized to act for another)`
Super-classes	Agent^c
Restrictions	wasaSubstituteFor^op value Artist-Performer^c

Prudence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prudence`
Description	''Prudence'' is a ''Discreetness'' in taking Actions to avoid mistakes or unwanted effects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prudence' and senses 2 and 5 of 1. (1) prudence - (discretion in practical affairs)`
Super-classes	Discreetness^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Prudent^c
Sub-classes	Providence^c

Prudent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prudent`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prudent' in WordNet: 1. prudent - (careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment; 'a prudent manager'; 'prudent rulers'; 'prudent hesitation'; 'more prudent to hide than to fight')`
Super-classes	Wise^c Cautious^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait^op value Prudence^c
Sub-classes	Farsighted^c Discreet^c Provident^c Wary^c

Prune^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prune`
Description	A dried plum. The collection of individual prunes. #$Prune is to (#$FruitFn #$PlumTree) as #$Raisin is to (#$FruitFn #$GrapeVine). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prune' in Wordnet: 1. prune - (dried plum)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c Plum^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Plum^c

Prunes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Prunes`
Description	The food derived from the 'Prune' or prunes collectively, considered as a substance. `Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'prune' in Wordnet, as WordNet synsets include the plural: in WordNet: 1. prune - (dried plum)`
Super-classes	FruitFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Plum^c isDerivedFrom^op value Prune^c

PruningaPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PruningaPlant`
Description	''PruningaPlant'' is a ''ThinningOutaGroup'' where the Group is the branches of some plant - usually a Bush or Tree. The actual number of branches may be the same, but the total density of plant material becomes lower, so this is a 'Thinning' Action as well as a ''Shortening'' of the legth of some branches, and a ''CuttingSomething'' as subevent (or as cause?). `CYC 'Pruning': Cutting off branches from a tree or bush in order to improve the shape, growth, or production of flowers and/or fruit. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prune' in WordNet: 1. snip, clip, crop, trim, lop, dress, prune, cut back - (cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of; 'dress the plants in the garden')`
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c Shortening^c OutdoorActivity^c ThinningOutaGroup^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Plant^c hasSubEvent^op value CuttingSomething^c
Sub-classes	ShearingaPlant^c

PryingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PryingAction`
Description	A ''PryingAction'' is an ''HumanActivity'' in which a Person looks, investigates, or searches into the space or Activity of other(s) for some personal (not part of a job) purpose, in a manner other than by just asking the Person about her/his activities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pry' in WordNet: 3. (1) intrude, horn in, pry, nose, poke - (search or inquire in a meddlesome way; 'This guy is always nosing around the office')`
Super-classes	EnteringSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwelcome^c isPerformedBy^op value Intruder^c
Sub-classes	AskPryingly^c

Pseudoscience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pseudoscience`
Description	A 'Pseudoscience' is a Belief that is claimed to be 'scientific' and based on fact,but is actually based only on supposition, unrpoven assertions, and ''ErroneousReasoning''. `NOTE that this is classified here as a ''belief'' though in WN it is considered as an 'activity'. If one wants to represent pursuit of information by pseudoscientific methods, that would be another type under ''ErroneousAction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pseudoscience' in WordNet: 1. pseudoscience - (an activity resembling science but based on fallacious assumptions)`
Super-classes	BeliefSystem^c Fallacy^c
Sub-classes	Astrology^c

Pshaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pshaw`
Description	''Pshaw'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing disbelief. `RHW: interjection 'pshaw': 1. (used to express impatience, contempt, disbelief, etc.)`
Super-classes	Exclamation^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Doubt^c

Psychedelic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychedelic

Description

''Psychedelic'' is an attribute of Substances that can induce ''Hallucination''s and/or a ''HallucinationState''

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'psychedelic' in Wordnet:
     1. psychedelic - (producing distorted sensory perceptions and feelings 
        or altered states of awareness or sometimes states resembling psychosis;
        'psychedelic drugs like psilocybin and mescaline')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Psychiatric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychiatric

Description

''Psychiatric'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Psychiatry'' and related processes and therapies.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'psychiatric' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) psychiatric, psychiatrical -
            (relating to or used in or engaged in the practice of psychiatry; 
            'psychiatric disorder'; 'psychiatric hospital')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Psychiatrist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychiatrist`
Description	Psychiatrists are doctors who diagnose and treat mental disorders. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychiatrist' in WordNet: 1. (4) psychiatrist, head-shrinker, shrink - (a physician who specializes in psychiatry)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Psychiatry^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value MentalIllness^c

Psychiatry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychiatry`
Description	''Psychiatry'' is the branch of ''Medicine'' concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of ''MentalIllness'', i.e. disorders of mental functions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychiatry' in WordNet: 1. psychiatry, psychopathology, psychological medicine - (the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders)`
Super-classes	Neurology^c Medicine^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value BrainDisease^c hasTopic^op value MentalIllness^c

Psychic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychic`
Description	A 'Psychic'' is a Person who can actually read the minds of others and/or perceive things not perceptible with normal human senses or known physical phemomena. This is not for people who claim to be psychic in our RealWorld (see ''PsychicPractitioner''). Insofar as no convincing evidence for such ability is on record, this type of person is classified as 'mythical'. If good evidence is found, that parent category can be removed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'psychic' (for the hypothetical instance of people with true ''Psychical'' powers) in WordNet: 1. psychic - (a person apparently sensitive to things beyond the natural range of perception)
Super-classes	MythicalThing^c Occultist^c MagicalPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Psychical^c

PsychicAbility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychicAbility`
Description	A ''PsychicAbility'' is an ''AbilityToPerformMagic'' in which the 'magic' is the ability to perceive thoughts or future events only with the mind, not using physical means, or to make things happen using only the mind. `This ability is claimed by ''PschicPractitioner''s and is held (in ''Hypothetical'' or ''Fictional'' contexts) by a ''Psychic''.`
Super-classes	AbilityToPerformMagic^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value MagicAction^c isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Psychical^c
Sub-classes	PsychicCommunication^c

PsychicCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychicCommunication`
Description	''PsychicCommunication'' is a Communication that involves the transfer of information via a the mind, or perception of the thoughts of others only using the Mind.
Super-classes	PsychicAbility^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Psychical^c isPerformedBy^op value Psychic^c
Sub-classes	MentalTelepathy^c

PsychicPractitioner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychicPractitioner

Description

A ''PsychicPractitioner'' is a Person who claims to have ''Psychical'' powers such as predicting a Person's future or reading minds. Such Persons may perfor actions they claim are psychical, for a fee. Some have signs labeled 'Psychic' or advertise themselves as such.

       NOTE that as a subtype of ''MagicalPerson'' this type nominally includes both 
         people with no real ''Psychical'' powers, as well as real psychics,
         but this type should be used for the practitioners who merely *claim* psychic 
         powers, and the type ''Psychic'' should be used to refer to those who actually
         have ''Psychical'' powers, when discussing such people in hypothetical or fictional
         contexts.

        Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'psychic' (for the hypothetical
          instance of people with true ''Psychical'' powers) in WordNet:
          1. psychic - (a person apparently sensitive to things beyond the natural range 
              of perception)

Super-classes Occultist^c

Psychical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychical

Description

''Psychical'' is an attribute of phenomena in which the human ''Mind'' performs actions that are not explainable by normal laws of physics (such as extrasensory perception and mental telepathy), and of people who exhibit such powers. This is as of 2020 still a ''Mythical'' thing, as no convincing evidence has been put forward to demonstrate that such powers exist.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'psychical' in Wordnet:
        2. psychic, psychical - (outside the sphere of physical science; 'psychic phenomena')

Super-classes Mythical^c

PsychoNeurotic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychoNeurotic

Description

The term ''PsychoNeurotic'' is used here so that 'Neurotic'' can be used as the label for the disease and its symptoms, rather than the Person affected.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'psychoneurotic' in Wordnet:
          1. neurotic, psychoneurotic - (affected with emotional disorder)

Super-classes MentallyIll^c

PsychoactiveAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychoactiveAgent`
Description	CYC: The collection of all substances which, in sufficient doses, can cause hallucinations, euphoia, delirium, hyperalertness, drowsiness, or other mental effects. Many such substances are used recreationally and many of them are banned from recreational use in various juristictions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychotropic agent' in WordNet: 1. psychotropic agent - (a chemical substance that can influence human consciousness)`
Super-classes	ToxicSubstance^c DrugSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Tranquilizer^c Hallucinogen^c Marijuana^c Opiate^c TetraHydroCannabinol^c Morphine^c Opioid^c Heroin^c Hashish^c

Psychoanalysis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychoanalysis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychoanalysis' in WordNet: 1. psychoanalysis, analysis, depth psychology - (a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; based on the theories of Sigmund Freud; 'his physician recommended psychoanalysis')`
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Psychoanalyst^c

Psychoanalyst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychoanalyst`
Description	A ''Psychoanalyst'' in WN is a ''Psychiatrist'' but a ''Psychiatrist'' is a type of medical doctor, and a ''Psychoanalyst'' does not have to be an MD. CYC has the parent as ''Psychologist'' and this type conforms to that hierarchy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychoanalyst' in WordNet: 1. analyst, psychoanalyst - (a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis)`
Super-classes	Psychologist^c MedicalCareProfessional^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Psychoanalysis^c

Psychological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychological

Description

'Psychological' is a specialization of the AttributeValue 'Mental', in relating mostly to feelings and motivations (see sense 3 of Random House Webster). For other aspects of the mind, the more general 'Mental' can be used, for phenomena such as perception, reasoning, or other functions of the mind that do not directly engage the emotions.

 From RHW:      
  1. of or pertaining to psychology.
  2. pertaining to the mind or to mental phenomena as the subject matter of psychology.
  3. of, pertaining to, dealing with, or affecting the mind, esp. as a function 
    of awareness, feeling, or motivation: psychological play; psychological effect.

 Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'psychological' in WordNet:
    1. (6) psychological - (mental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature;
       'give psychological support'; 'psychological warfare')
    2. (2) psychological - (of or relating to or determined by psychology;
        'psychological theories')

Super-classes Mental^c

PsychologicalAilment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychologicalAilment`
Description	CYC: The collection of ailments that are classified as psychological due to their origin and/or manifestation in the mind of the sufferer rather than (or at least in addition to, and perhaps causing) manifestations in the sufferer's body. Having a brain tumor is not an instance of this collection, but imagining that you have one is an instance of #$PsychologicalAilment , and so is the deep case of depression you fall into once you believe (rightly or wrongly) that you have a brain tumor. Some subcollections of this collection are the collections #$Phobia, #$Depression-PsychologicalCondition, and #$PanicAttack. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mental disorder' in WordNet: 1. mental disorder, mental disturbance, disturbance, psychological disorder, folie - ((psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness)`
Super-classes	MentalIllness^c
Sub-classes	AnxietyDisorder^c Insanity^c Psychosis^c ClinicalDepression^c Derangement^c ManicDepression^c Autism^c AffectiveDisorder^c Catatonia^c Neurosis^c

PsychologicalAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychologicalAttribute`
Description	Attributes that characterize the mental or behavioral life of an Animal.
Super-classes	BiologicalAttributeValue^c

PsychologicalBurnout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychologicalBurnout`
Description	''PsychologicalBurnout'' is an intense form of ''Weariness'' ('fatigue') that results from overwork or some other intense stress. `No WN sentry for 'burnout'. RHW 'burnout': 2. Also, burn-out. fatigue, frustration, or apathy resulting from prolonged stress, overwork, or intense activity.`
Super-classes	Weariness^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Overworking^c

PsychologicalDevastation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychologicalDevastation

Description

''PsychologicalDevastation'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which the thing destroyed is a Person's Feeling of well-being or confidence or happiness. This can be caused by one Event or by a series of cumulative influences.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'devastate' in WordNet:
          2. devastate - (overwhelm or overpower;
                    'He was devastated by his grief when his son died')

Super-classes DestructionEvent^c
OverwhelmingEmotionally^c

PsychologicalProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychologicalProcess`
Description	The SUMO term approximately equivalent to Cyc 'AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Psychologically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychologically

Description

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'psychologically' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) psychologically - (with regard to psychology; 'war that caught them 
              in its toils either psychologically or physically'; 
              'the event was very damaging to the child psychologically')
          2. psychologically - (in terms of psychology; 'classify poetry psychologically')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

PsychologicallyWarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychologicallyWarm`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'warm' in Wordnet: 2. (8) warm - (psychologically warm; friendly and responsive; 'a warm greeting'; 'a warm personality'; 'warm support')`
Super-classes	Friendly^c

PsychologicallyWeighted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychologicallyWeighted

Description

'PsychologicallyWeighted'' The attribute of someothing that, when experienced by a Personcauses feelings of psychological Weariness as though a great 'weight' has been imposed.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'heavy' in Wordnet:
          4. (2) heavy - (marked by great psychological weight; weighted down 
             especially with sadness or troubles or weariness; 'a heavy heart';
             'a heavy schedule'; 'heavy news'; 'a heavy silence'; 'heavy eyelids')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Psychologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychologist' in WordNet: 1. (16) psychologist - (a scientist trained in psychology)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c Expert^c Scientist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Psychology^c
Sub-classes	Psychoanalyst^c Psychotherapist^c Hypnotist^c

Psychology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychology

Description

The branch of Medicine dealing with mental processes, particularly as relating to behavior and therefore to emotions.

      From RHW:
      1. the science of the mind or of mental states and processes.
  2. the science of human and animal behavior.
  3. the sum or characteristics of the mental states and processes of a person 
     or class of persons, or of the mental states and processes involved in
     a field of activity: the psychology of a soldier; the psychology of politics.
      4. mental ploys or strategy: He used psychology on his parents to get a larger allowance.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychology' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) psychology, psychological science - (the science of mental life)

Super-classes Medicine^c

Psychosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychosis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychosis' in WordNet: 1. psychosis - (any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted)`
Super-classes	PsychologicalAilment^c
Sub-classes	Paranoia^c Schizophrenia^c

Psychosocial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychosocial

Description

''Psychosocial'' is the attribute of things that involve both psychology and social interactions.

  No WN sense for this concept.
  RHW 'psychosocial':
    of or pertaining to the interaction between social and psychological factors.

Super-classes Mental^c

Psychotherapist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychotherapist

Description

A ''Psychotherapist'' is a ''Healer'' who

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychotherapist' in WordNet:
         1. psychotherapist, clinical psychologist - (a therapist who deals
               with mental and emotional disorders)

Super-classes Psychologist^c
Healer^c

Psychotherapy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychotherapy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychotherapy' in WordNet: 1. (2) psychotherapy, psychotherapeutics, mental hygiene - (the branch of psychiatry concerned with psychological methods)`
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c

Psychotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Psychotic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'psychotic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) psychotic - (characteristic of or suffering from psychosis)`
Super-classes	MentallyIll^c
Sub-classes	Paranoid^c

PsychoticPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PsychoticPerson`
Description	A ''PsychoticPerson'' .is someone who is ''Psychotic'', i.e. suffers from a ''Psychosis'', i.e. is severely ''MentallyIll''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychotic person' in WordNet: 1. psychotic, psychotic person, psycho - (a person afflicted with psychosis)`
Super-classes	SickPerson^c
Restrictions	isTheSubjectOfState^op some Psychosis^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Psychosis^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Psychotic^c
Sub-classes	ParanoidPerson^c

PterophytinaSubdivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PterophytinaSubdivision`
Description	A #$BiologicalSubdivision including ferns and seed plants.
Super-classes	TracheophytaDivision^c
Sub-classes	FilicopsidaClass^c

Pub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pub`
Description	The differene between a ''Pub'' and the parent ''Barroom'' is vague. The biggest difference seems to be that the term 'pub' is used primarily in Great Britain. For COSMO the given synset will apply only to British taverns. (Unless a different distinction is suggested0 `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pub' in WordNet: 1. public house, pub, saloon, pothouse, gin mill, taphouse - (tavern consisting of a building with a bar and public rooms; often provides light meals)`
Super-classes	Barroom^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreatBritain^c

Puberty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puberty`
Description	''Puberty'' is the ''LifeSage'' at which an animal's sex organs can function to reproduce more organisms. The term 'puberty' is used mostly for humans, and this type is restricted to Humans. If needed, it can be broadened and a subtype added.. `CYC: The stage of physical development in which humans become sexually mature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puberty' in WordNet: 1. puberty, pubescence - (the time of life when sex glands become functional)`
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value PubescentHuman^c

Pubescent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pubescent`
Description	''Pubescent'' is the Attribute of an ''Animal'' (usually a ''Person'') who is going through ''Puberty''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pubescent' in Wordnet: 1. (3) pubescent - ((of animals especially human beings) having arrived at the onset of puberty (the age at which sex glands become functional) but not yet fully mature; 'the budding breasts of a pubescent girl and the downy chin of pubescent boy')`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pubescent^c

PubescentHuman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PubescentHuman`
Description	CYC: The collection of people who are going through #$Puberty.
Super-classes	Person^c HumanYouth^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pubescent^c

Pubis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pubis`
Description	`RHW: that part of either innominate bone that, with the corresponding part of the other, forms the front of the pelvis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pubis' in WordNet: 1. pubis, pubic bone, os pubis - (one of the three sections of the hipbone; together these two bones form the front of the pelvis)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Hip^c

Public^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Public`
Description	Of concern to or open to participation by an unlimited number of people; there may be some qualifications for who can participate, or limits on the number due to size of the meeting place, but there is no limited list of individuals who are invited. Opposite of 'Private'. `NOTE this includes several tpes of 'public'; the subtype ''PubliclyKnown'' is for information that is not held secret. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'public' in WordNet: 1. (50) public - (not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole; 'the public good'; 'public libraries'; 'public funds'; 'public parks'; 'a public scandal'; 'public gardens'; 'performers and members of royal families are public figures')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PubliclyVisible^c PubliclyKnown^c

PublicAssembly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicAssembly`
Description	A ''PublicAssembly'' is a ''SocialGathering'' that is also a ''FormalMeeting'' and is open to the public, or to all members of a particular Organization. To be an ''PublicAssembly'' requires some prior preparation and scheduing so that the public can be aware of its occurrence. It does not have to take place in a building, but usually does. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'assembly' in WordNet: 5. assembly, assemblage, gathering - (the social act of assembling; 'they demanded the right of assembly')`
Super-classes	SocialGathering^c FormalMeeting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Public^c
Sub-classes	DedicatingaPublicFacility^c Liturgy^c DemonstratingForaPolicy^c

PublicFace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicFace`
Description	A Person's ''PublicFace'' is that Person's ''PersonalAppearance'' when that Person is located ''OutsideTheHouse''. This is the ''Appearance''people create or attempt to create when going out in public, byt dressing, grooming, and putting on makeup.
Super-classes	PersonalAppearance^c

PublicInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicInstitution`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'institution' in WordNet: 2. (2) institution - (an establishment consisting of a building or complex of buildings where an organization for the promotion of some cause is situated)`
Super-classes	Establishment^c SpaceInAHOC^c
Restrictions	isManagedBy^op value Institution^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value ServingaCauseOrCountry^c
Sub-classes	Orphanage^c

PublicIssue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicIssue

Description

An Issue that forms a topic of discussion that is widely believed to need resolution as a matter for pubic (usually government) action. A 'PublicIssue'' does not have to be a topic of ''DisagreementEvent'' but in practice it almost always will be, as a ''PublicIssue'' typically presents more than one alternative possible response.

    See subtype ''PublicPolicyDispute'' for the Event in which
    this type of issue is discussed.

      Sinilar to Sense 1 of 'issue' in WordNet (a matter in dispute):

      Wordnet sense 1. issue - (an important question that is in dispute
      and must be settled;
      'the issue could be settled by requiring public education
      for everyone'; 'politicians never discuss the real issues'

        COSMO note: this is a very broad category, which
        can include any topic that may need discussion for
        cooperative decision-making.  Thus something labeled
        as an 'issue' may be a state, attribute, object, action -
        any category of thing that can affect a person.

Super-classes Issue^c

PublicMeetingPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicMeetingPlace`
Description	A ''PublicMeetingPlace'' is any Place (a building, part of a building, or an open area) where ''ThePublic'' is allowed to gather and meet for any legal purpose. In some cities there are open spaces where gatherings are held at intervals to celebrate some event or protest some public policy. Parks or spaces in front of government buildings often have such ''PublicMeetingPlace''s as a part. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meeting place' in WordNet: 1. forum, assembly, meeting place - (a public facility to meet for open discussion)`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Public^c

PublicOfficial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicOfficial`
Description	A subcollection of #$PublicSectorEmployee and an instance of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg. Each instance of #$PublicOfficial is a person who holds a position that is directly involved with some aspect of governing a country (or subregion of a country). Many public offices in democratically governed countries are filled by election; some are filled by appointment. In other countries, public offices are sometimes filled by succession or by military decree. Note that public offices are represented in Cyc in terms of the collections of officials who hold those offices (e.g. #$Mayor and #$UnitedStatesPresident) together with axioms describing the responsibilities those offices entail. `NOTE that there are GovernmentEmployees who are not PublicOfficials - those who have no direct policy or administrative functions. In SUMO, 'GovernmentOfficer' seems to be closest. SUMO: Any Profession where the position occupied is within a GovernmentOrganization. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'official' in Wordnet (the subset of officials who work for the government): in WordNet: 1. (23) official, functionary - (a worker who holds or is invested with an office)`
Super-classes	GovernmentEmployee^c SocialBeing^c ProfessionalPerson^c OfficerInOrganization^c Functionary^c
Restrictions	possesses^op value OfficialPower^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial^c CityOfficial^c ForestRanger^c VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial^c FederalAgent^c VicePresidentOfTheUnitedStates^c AppointedOfficial^c Legislator^c ElectedOfficial^c HeadOfState^c Prosecutor^c StateGovernor^c Judge^c HeadOfGovernment^c

PublicOpinion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicOpinion`
Description	An Opinion is a Proposition that an IntelligentAgent considers more likely to be true than not to be true. An Opinion is not includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'opinion' and noun sense 2 of 'belief' in WordNet:. 1. (408) opinion, sentiment, persuasion, view, thought - (a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; 'my opinion differs from yours'; 'what are your thoughts on Haiti?')
Super-classes	Opinion^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op only GroupOfPeople^c

PublicPolicyDispute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicPolicyDispute`
Description	A ''PublicPolicyDispute'' is a ''DisputeEvent'' in which multiple People disagree publicly about some ''PublicIssue'' (involving government action, at any level) , which thereby becomes a political issue. The elements of the dispute about that public policy form the matter disagreed about in a 'PublicIssue'' (a subtype of ''InformationObject''), related by ''hasTopic'' @ToDo: Can something be an 'PublicIssue' if there is no dispute about it?? NOTE that WN'controversy' calls it a 'speech act' and sets it as a subtype of 'dispute' but th dispute can be conducted in writing as well as in speaking. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'argue' in WordNet, not restricted to verbal arguing; and includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'dispute' and noun sense 1of'controversy' in WordNet: 2. (17) argue, contend, debate, fence - (have an argument about something) WN verb 'dispute': 2. (2) quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate - (have a disagreement over something; 'We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America'; 'These two fellows are always scrapping over something') WN noun 'controversy': 1. (8) controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt, argument, arguing - (a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement; 'they were involved in a violent argument')
Super-classes	DisputeEvent^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value PublicIssue^c

PublicProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicProperty`
Description	Property belonging to some government agency, and therefore to the inhabitants of that jurisdiction. `This includes public 'right of way' such as sidewalks, even where the property may be theoretically 'owned' in law by some adjacent property owner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public property' in WordNet: 1. public property - (property owned by a government)`
Super-classes	Property^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Public^c isControlledBy^op some GeopoliticalEntity^c isOwnedBy^op some (Government^c or GeopoliticalEntity^c)
Sub-classes	PavedRoadway^c Promenade^c Park^c TownSquare^c RoadwayPavement^c Trail^c Sidewalk^c MainRoad^c LocalRoad^c

PublicRelationsActivity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicRelationsActivity

Description

Activities used to create public interest in a person, idea, product, institution, or business establishment.

        performed by a 'professional publicist'??

Super-classes MassCommunicating^c

PublicRestroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicRestroom`
Description	Any Restroom that contains a toilet, and is located in some space open to the public, i.e. not in private home. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restroom' in WordNet and sense 1 of ;lavator' seems to include this:: 1. (1) public toilet, comfort station, public convenience, convenience, public lavatory, restroom, toilet facility, wash room - (a toilet that is available to the public) WN 'lavatory' 1. (2) toilet, lavatory, lav, can, john, privy, bathroom - (a room or building equipped with one or more toilets)`
Super-classes	Restroom^c
Restrictions	physicallyContains^op value Toilet^c
Sub-classes	MensRoom^c LadiesRoom^c

PublicSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicSchool`
Description	This is for 'PublicSchool''s in the USA, government operated. The British usage of that term differs; in Britain, a 'public school' is a ''PrivateSchool' in this terminology. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public school' in WordNet: 1. (4) public school - (a tuition free school in the United States supported by taxes and controlled by a school board)`
Super-classes	School^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some GovernmentalOrganization^c

PublicSector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicSector`
Description	The ''PublicSector'' is a ''SocialGroup'' that consists of all the employees of all of the governments in any give Geopolitical entity.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sector' in WordNet: 2. (4) sector - (a body of people who form part of society or economy; 'the public sector')`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some GovernmentEmployee^c isaSubgroupOf^op some Society^c

PublicSpeaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicSpeaking`
Description	COSMO note: this CYC term is interpreed as one or more instances of public speaking considered as a unit. For one continuous instance of public speaking use subtype ''PublicSpeech''. CYC: Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public speaking' in WordNet: 1. public speaking, speechmaking, speaking, oral presentation - (delivering an address to a public audience; 'people came to see the candidates and hear the speechmaking')
Super-classes	Performance^c SpokenCommunicating^c
Sub-classes	Lesson^c PublicSpeech^c IntroducingPeople^c

PublicSpeech^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicSpeech`
Description	A 'PublicSpeech' is any Action in which some speaker addresses an audience on one or more topics. This differs from COSMO 'PublicSpeaking' in that it represents one whole lecture or address, and not a part of an address or a series of addresses: 'the candidate gave a speech on his energy policy'. Lecturing to a class would be a subtype. A PublicSpeech can be broadcast or webcast, so the intended audience does not have to be local. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speech' and sense 3 of 'address' and noun sense 1 of 'public speaking' in WordNet, and includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'address' in WordNet (note that a 'Group' of people can include one person oher than the speaker): WN noun 'address': in WordNet: 1. (16) address, speech - - (the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience; 'he listened to an address on minor Roman poets') WN verb 'address': 1. (16) address, turn to - (speak to; 'He addressed the crowd outside the window') 2. (5) address, speak - (give a speech to; 'The chairman addressed the board of trustees') WN noun 'public speaking': 1. public speaking, speechmaking, speaking, oral presentation - (delivering an address to a public audience; "people came to see the candidates and hear the speechmaking")
Super-classes	PublicSpeaking^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op some GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	KeynoteAddress^c Oration^c Lecture^c

PublicTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicTransportationDevice`
Description	$PublicTransportationDevice is a specialization `of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle and #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject. Each instance of #$PublicTransportationDevice is a vehicle used for mass public transportation. Examples include #$Bus-RoadVehicle, #$Train-TransportationDevice, #$Ferry. #$TaxiCab is a non example.`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	Ferry^c MonorailTrain^c Bus^c PassengerTrain^c Streetcar^c

PublicUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicUse`
Description	''PublicUse'' is a ''UsingSomething'' in which the thing used (physical or abstract) is available for use by the general public. This is the kind of ''UsingSomething'' that\ occurs at public parks and other government (public) facilities.
Super-classes	UsingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ThePublic^c

PublicUtility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicUtility`
Description	A ''PublicUtility'' is an Organization that provide some service, and sometimes products, to the residents of a community; it can be government operted or private corporation owned, but if private it is subject to government regulation. the services delivered differ from common commercial services in being 'natural monopolies', the kind of service that are much more efficient when operated by a single organization than by multiple competing organizations. Most common that are fully government operated are water and sewage and garbage disposal; telephone and cable services requiring stringing lines above or below city streets are often privately owned but subject to regulation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public utility' in WordNet: 1. (6) utility, public utility, public utility company, public-service corporation - (a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation)`
Super-classes	Employer^c Organization^c Corporation^c
Sub-classes	WaterCompany^c

PublicallyAccessiblePlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublicallyAccessiblePlace`
Description	A ''PublicallyAccessiblePlace'' may be some 'PublicProperty'' or a space within a structure that is open to the Public, as in a Hotel or Theater or RetailStore.
Super-classes	Property^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Public^c

Publication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Publication`
Description	This ''Publication'' represents one complete copy of a Newspaper, Magazine, or Book. This is a ''SmallObject'' that can be held in one hand (though a heavy tome might be hard to grasp properly, it can be held in one hand even if it is lifted with two.) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publication' in WordNet: 1. (6) publication - (a copy of a printed work offered for distribution)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c PrintedMaterial^c MediumOfCommunication^c TextualMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Magazine-Physical^c Reprint^c NewspaperCopy^c Book-Physical^c

Publicist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Publicist`
Description	A ''Publicist'' is a ''Communicator'' who communicates information to multiple other agent(s) by any means, with the intention of that information becoming widely known.. This is commonly used for advertisers, but can be applied to non-profit public information transmission. "advertizer" `CYC is more specific - the CYC entry old be a subtype: A person who works for a company, either as an employee or a contractor, and performs #$PublicRelationsActivity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publicist' in WordNet: 1. (1) publicist, publicizer, publiciser - (someone who publicizes)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c DeskWorker^c Communicator^c Professional-Adult^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Publicizing^c
Sub-classes	Advertizer^c

Publicity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Publicity`
Description	''Publicity' is a term for the content of a ''Advertising'' Action. NOTE that this is not necessarily produced by commercial 'advertising', which would be a subtype (though such instances are also instances of this type). This is any kind of Disseminating intended to make information widely known. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publicity' in WordNet: 1. (4) promotion, publicity, promotional material, packaging - (a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution; 'the packaging of new ideas')`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Advertising^c
Sub-classes	MoviePreview^c Hype^c AdvertisementScript^c

Publicized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Publicized

Description

''Publicized'' is the attribute of something that was the object (patient) of a ''Publicizing'' Action.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'publicized' in WordNet:
         1. (1) publicized, publicised - (made known; especially made widely known)

Super-classes Well-known^c
PastParticiple^c

Publicizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Publicizing`
Description	''Publicizing'' is the act of spreading information widely, but not necessarily for commercial purposes. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'publicise' in WordNet: 1. advertise, publicize, advertize, publicise - (call attention to; 'Please don't advertise the fact that he has AIDS') 2. publicize, publicise, air, bare - (make public; 'She aired her opinions on welfare')`
Super-classes	IBTGeneration^c Disseminating^c Informing^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Publicized^c produces^op value Publicity^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Well-known^c
Sub-classes	Advertising^c MassCommunicating^c

Publicly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Publicly

Description

''Publicly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the Action was performed in public, in the presence of more than one other person, and not in private (not ''Privately'').

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publicly' in WordNet:
            1. (12) publicly, publically, in public - (in a manner accessible to 
            or observable by the public; openly; 'she admitted publicly to being a communist')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

PubliclyHeldCorporation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PubliclyHeldCorporation`
Description	A specialization of both #$Business and #$LegalCorporation. Each instance of #$PubliclyHeldCorporation is an incorporated business whose stock (see the collection #$Stock) is traded publicly on some stock exchange or other public securities market. Businesses that are not traded publicly are instances of #$PrivatelyHeldCorporation (q.v.)
Super-classes	Corporation^c Business^c PubliclyHeldOrganization^c

PubliclyHeldOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PubliclyHeldOrganization`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$CommercialOrganizations whose securities or other ownership interests are freely tradable among members of the general public, usually on an instance of #$FinancialExchange. In the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica, instances of #$PubliclyHeldOrganizations are usually either #$LegalCorporations or #$LimitedPartnerships. Each instance of #$PubliclyHeldOrganization in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica must be registered with the #$SecuritiesAndExchangeCommission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is regulated by the #$SecuritiesAndExchangeCommission. `Does this have to be a ''Corporation''?`
Super-classes	CommercialOrganization^c
Sub-classes	PubliclyHeldCorporation^c

PubliclyKnown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PubliclyKnown

Description

Not secret; known by a group of people not restricted in membership. Opposite of 'Secret'.

       Closest to RHW sense 6 of 'public':
         6.  generally known: The fact became public.

    Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'public' and sense 4 
             of 'open' in WordNet:
        1. (50) public - (not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole; 
           'the public good'; 'public libraries'; 'public funds'; 'public parks';
           'a public scandal'; 'public gardens'; 'performers and members of royal 
           families are public figures')
     WN adj ;open':
           4. (7) open - (open to or in view of all; 'an open protest'; 
              'an open letter to the editor')

Super-classes Public^c

PubliclyTradedSecurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PubliclyTradedSecurity`
Description	A 'PubliclyTradedSecurity' is one 'share' in a 'ShareOfStock' (part of the ownership of a Corporation, MutualFund, or limited partnership), or any other form of security (bond, futures contract, etc.). At any given time it has a value in some currency. `To be 'publicly traded' it must be traded using some identifiable and organized 'MarketMaker'. Stocks that are listed with some particular stock exchange will have that exchange specified as an instance of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'share' in WordNet: 1. (363) share - (any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate; 'he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price')`
Super-classes	ShareOfStock^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c

PubliclyVisible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PubliclyVisible

Description

Something ''PubliclyVisible'' is ''Visible'' to any Person who chooses to look at it, being located in a place or publication that has no restrictions on entering or obtaining.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'open' in WordNet:
           4. (7) open - (open to or in view of all; 'an open protest'; 
              'an open letter to the editor')

Super-classes Public^c
Visible^c

Published^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Published`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'published' in Wordnet: 1. (3) published - (prepared and printed for distribution and sale; 'the complete published works Dickens')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PublishedEdition-PIT^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublishedEdition-PIT`
Description	Each instance is a partial representation of the propositional content of a particular edition of a public work. Different editions should be reified as separate PITs. Every instance should have a specified #$dateOfPublication-PIT.
Super-classes	PropositionalInformationThing^c

PublishedMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublishedMaterial`
Description	COSMO note: this is the combination of abstract text (and images and tables and other illustrations) ) included in something that was published (i.e. a 'publication'), not the PhysicalObject. Cyc: A specialization of #$InformationStore. Each instance of #$PublishedMaterial is either a conceptual work (an instance of #$ConceptualWork) with instantiations which have been produced for distribution, or an information-bearing thing (an instance of #$InformationBearingThing) which has been produced for distribution. Note that published here does not mean printed and physically distributed , since intangible information-bearing things can be published using the #$WorldWideWeb-Concrete, or broadcast on the airwaves. Notable specializations of #$PublishedMaterial include #$Book-CW, #$RecordedVideoProduct, and #$RecordedSoundProduct. Corresponds to part (the abstract work) of noun sense 1 of 'publication' in Wordnet: 1. (6) publication - (a copy of a printed work offered for distribution)
Super-classes	InformationStore^c AbstractDocument^c
Sub-classes	Edition^c Compendium^c PeriodicalIssue^c ReferencePublication^c Newsletter^c PeriodicalSeries^c
In domain of	wasPublishedBy^op
In range of	hasPublished^op

Publisher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Publisher`
Description	COSMO note: A Publisher is some LegalAgent that has published some PublishedMaterial; it can be an individual Person, a Group of people, or any business, so it is a direct subtype of LegalAgent, not necessarily an Organization, as in Cyc. If useful, a subtype of publisher that is an Organization can be added that conforms more directly to the Cyc concept 'PublishingCompany'. The relation 'hasPublished' can be used to point to some publication that the publisher has published. Cyc: ('PublishingCompany'): A collection of organizations; a subset of #$CommercialServiceOrganization. An element of #$PublishingCompany has as its primary function publishing information (either hardcopy or software, but not solely broadcasting) for particular customers or for the general public. Note: this collection does not include companies that merely provide manuals as #$includedItems with other products. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publisher' in Wordnet: 1. (6) publisher, publishing house, publishing firm, publishing company - (a firm in the publishing business)
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c MediaOrganization^c CommercialServiceOrganization^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value PublishingWrittenMaterial^c
Sub-classes	PeriodicalPublisher^c
In domain of	hasPublished^op
In range of	wasPublishedBy^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RandomHouse

PublishingIndustry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublishingIndustry`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, an 'industry' is a Group of related actions, not agents. Perhaps this should be changed to include agents - that would make it heterogeneous. `CYC: The collection of local industries concerned with publishing.`
Super-classes	Industry^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value PublishingWrittenMaterial^c

PublishingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublishingType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some class of 'Publishing' as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	InternetPublishing TVTransmitting Broadcasting PublishingWrittenMaterial

PublishingWrittenMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PublishingWrittenMaterial`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$PublishingWrittenMaterial, a book or periodical is transformed from manuscript or typescript form to a form suitable for retail sale or public distribution. This collection can include any kind of publishing, from manuscript copies to print media to electronic publishing. This refers most often to the actions of a ''Publisher'' but the subtype ''WritingForPublication'' specifically covers the action of Person who writes and publishes (by herself or through a Publisher) the thing written. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'publish' in WordNet: 1. (39) print, publish - (put into print; 'The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce'; 'These news should not be printed') 2. (14) publish, bring out, put out, issue, release - (prepare and issue for public distribution or sale; 'publish a magazine or newspaper')`
Super-classes	IBTGeneration-Replication^c IssuingSomething^c MediaTransferEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Publisher^c produces^op value PublishedMaterial^c
Sub-classes	WritingForPublication^c

Pudding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pudding`
Description	This is a substance that is a sweetened form of some foodstuff, thickened CYC: This is the collection of all instances of pudding. By pudding we mean the common-sense American notion of pudding. Plum pudding and many dishes that are called pudding in Britian are not pudding in the present sense. Instances of #$Pudding are made of dairy products (generally milk and eggs) and are generally thickened by something other than the eggs, such as flour, cornstarch, or tapioca. RHW: 1. a thick, soft dessert, typically containing flour or some other thickener, milk, eggs, a flavoring, and sweetener: tapioca pudding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pudding' in WordNet: 3. pudding - (any of various soft sweet desserts thickened usually with flour and baked or boiled or steamed)
Super-classes	DessertSubstance^c Mixture^c SweetFood^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Sweetener^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Viscous^c

Puddle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puddle`
Description	A thin body of water usually caused by rain, but this includes indoor puddles. @ToDo: needs subtypes? `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'puddle' (for puddles consisting mostly of water) in WordNet: 2. pool, puddle - (a small body of standing water (rainwater) or other liquid; 'there were puddles of muddy water in the road after the rain'; 'the body lay in a pool of blood')`
Super-classes	WaterObject^c EarthSurfaceObject^c GravitationallyBoundObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10000.0^c isLocatedAt^op value LandArea^c

Puerile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puerile

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'puerile' in Wordnet:
         2. adolescent, jejune, juvenile, puerile - (displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity;
           'adolescent insecurity'; 'jejune responses to our problems'; 
           'their behavior was juvenile'; 'puerile jokes')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Puff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puff`
Description	A light, relatively low velocity ''Gust'' with maximmum velocity of a puff that can be created by a person exhaling vigorously. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puff' in WordNet: 1. puff, puff of air, whiff - (a short light gust of air)`
Super-classes	Gust^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Weak^c

Puffin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puffin

Description

Lots of them in Iceland and other North Alantic islands..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puffin' in WordNet:
          1. puffin - (any of two genera of northern seabirds 
              having short necks and brightly colored compressed bills)

Super-classes Seabird^c
ShoreBird^c

Puffy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puffy

Description

CYC: having bulging, billowing, fluffy, inflated..the way cumulous clouds are. This units definition could be improved upon. As long the current assertions remain kosher, add your two cents.

        Most closely (but not very close) Corresponds to
                adjective sense 1 of 'puffy' in Wordnet:
          1. bouffant, puffy - (being puffed out; used of hair style or clothing; 'a bouffant skirt')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Pug^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pug

Description

A breed of ''Dog''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pug' in WordNet:
          1. pug, pug-dog - (small compact smooth-coated breed 
          of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle)

Super-classes Dog^c

Puja^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puja`
Description	Hinduism has many gods, and different people worship different gods. `RHW noun 'puja': the worship of a particular god.`
Super-classes	ReligiousOrMoralBelief^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hinduism^c

Pull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pull`
Description	A ''Pull'' is a ''HandSizedObject'' attached to the outside part of a door or ''Drawer'' (or either side, for a door that is an entry at a portal) that allows a Person to grasp it and facilitate some type of ''PullingEvent' with a door or drawer as object, and with the intention of moving the thing pulled.. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'pull' in WordNet: 4. (1) pull - (a device used for pulling something; 'he grabbed the pull and opened the drawer')`
Super-classes	ComponentPartOfArtifact^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value PullingEvent^c hasDesignFunction^op value GrabbingOntoWithHand^c

Pulley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pulley`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulley' in WordNet: 1. (3) pulley, pulley-block, block - (a simple machine consisting of a wheel with a groove in which a rope can run to change the direction or point of application of a force applied to the rope)`
Super-classes	SimpleMachine^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PullingEvent^c functionsTogetherWith^op value PieceOfRope^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Wheel^c

PullingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PullingEvent`
Description	A PullingEvent is a ForceTransmissionEvent that is a ''PullingOnAnObject'', usually in which one object is connected to another (as by a tow rope), and by the first object causing itself to move away from the other object, causes the other object to move. This includes a 'pulling' in which the force causing the motion is produced by some field (as in electric or magnetic), or by a pressure diferential, as in the pneumatic tubes where a small round object is caused to move through a tube from one entrance toward another location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulling' and verb senses 1 and 4 of 'pull' and verb sense 1 of 'draw' in WordNet: WN 'pulling': 1. (5) pull, pulling - (the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you; 'the pull up the hill had him breathing harder'; 'his strenuous pulling strained his back') WN 'pull': 1. (44) pull, draw, force - (cause to move by pulling; 'draw a wagon'; 'pull a sled') 4. (5) pull - (apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion; 'Pull the rope'; 'Pull the handle towards you'; 'pull the string gently'; 'pull the trigger of the gun'; 'pull your knees towards your chin')
Super-classes	PullingOrPushingEvent^c PullingOnAnObject^c
Sub-classes	Dragging^c Towing^c OpeningADrawer^c RetractingAnObject^c

PullingOnAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PullingOnAnObject`
Description	An Event of ''PullingOnAnObject'' does not require that the Object pulled move, only that some Force was applied in the direction of the object applying the force. The ''PullingOnAnObject'' is accomplished through some physical connection, as a rope, or by a hand or hooked object that can be inserted into a cavity in the firface of the object pulled. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'tug' in Wordnet: 1. (7) tug - (pull hard; 'The prisoner tugged at the chains'; 'This movie tugs at the heart strings')`
Super-classes	PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c Action^c ApplyingAForce^c
Sub-classes	PeelingSomethingFromaSurface^c PullingEvent^c PluckingaString^c

PullingOrPushingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PullingOrPushingEvent`
Description	A ''PullingOrPushingEvent'' is the union of a ''PushingEvent'' and a ''PushingEvent'' created to represent the possibility of moving an object by pulling or pushing, in either case requiring some constant exertion of force to make the object move, while moving along with the affected object. Used to describe the action of a''Tugboat''.
Super-classes	AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce^c
Sub-classes	PullingEvent^c PushingEvent^c PullingOrPushingaShip^c

PullingOrPushingaShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PullingOrPushingaShip`
Description	''PullingOrPushingaShip'' is a ''PullingOrPushingEvent'' in which the Object moved is a ''Ship'' (a Boat longer than 30 meters). `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'tug' in WordNet: 3. tug - (tow (a vessel) with a tug; 'The tugboat tugged the freighter into the harbor')`
Super-classes	PullingOrPushingEvent^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Tugboat^c hadObjectMoved^op value Ship^c

Pullover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pullover`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pullover' in WordNet: 1. pullover, slipover - (a sweater that is put on by pulling it over the head)`
Super-classes	Sweater^c
Sub-classes	Sweatshirt^c

Pulmonary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pulmonary`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pulmonary' in Wordnet: 1. (5) pneumonic, pulmonary, pulmonic - (relating to or affecting the lungs; 'pulmonary disease')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

PulmonaryCongestion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PulmonaryCongestion`
Description	Congestion in the lungs or upper airways. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulmonary congestion' in WordNet: 1. pulmonary congestion - (congestion in the lungs)`
Super-classes	Congestion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Lung^c

Pulp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pulp`
Description	''Pulp''is a soft semisolid substance that is ''Mushy'', forming blobs that are easily deformed but not free-flowing. This is usually used for Organic materials, but may be used for inorganic materials of similar consistency. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulp' in WordNet: 1. (2) pulp, mush - (any soft or soggy mass; 'he pounded it to a pulp')`
Super-classes	SemiSolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mushy^c
Sub-classes	FruitPulp^c

Pulpit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pulpit

Description

CYC: A raised platform from which a speaker may address her audience.

        A church 'pulpit' would be a subtype.
        'stump' and  'soapbox' are metaphorical - need different type.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulpit' in WordNet:
          1. (2) dais, podium, pulpit, rostrum, ambo, stump, soapbox - 
             (a platform raised above the surrounding level 
             to give prominence to the person on it)

Super-classes StageForIndoorPerformances^c
Platform^c

Pulsating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pulsating`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pulsate' in WordNet: 1. (1) pulsate, throb, pulse - (expand and contract rhythmically; beat rhythmically; 'The baby's heart was pulsating again after the surgeon massaged it')`
Super-classes	Beating^c
Sub-classes	Throbbing^c HeartBeating^c

PulseRate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PulseRate`
Description	A ''PulseRate'' is a ''VitalSign'' that is one of the Symptoms that help to distinguish health or illness. . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulse rate' in WordNet: 3. pulse, pulse rate, heart rate - (the rate at which the heart beats; usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health)`
Super-classes	BodyMovementEvent^c VitalSign^c
Restrictions	isaSignOf^op some Living^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vital^c isMeasuredBy^op value Frequency^c

PulverizationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PulverizationEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalDestructionEvent. In each instance of #$PulverizationEvent, some instance of #$SolidTangibleThing is reduced to a large number of small particles (see the collection #$Particle) through the application of a force. NOTE: for the intentional creation of a ''Powder'' use subtype ''Pulverizing''. COSMO note: this can happen by natural processes (as in creation of sand or soil), so it is not an IntentionalAction, but the thing that does the pulverizing can be viewed as an 'agent', so it is an Action. The material produced is not necessarily a fine 'powder' but is a 'GranularSubstance' (which can be a Powder'). For the intentional Action of pulverizing, by a grinding process, use'Grinding'. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 (transitive and intransitive) of 'pulverize' in WordNet: 1. (1) powderize, powderise, powder, pulverize, pulverise - (make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust; 'pulverize the grains') 3. powderize, pulverize, pulverise, powderise - (become powder or dust; 'When it was blown up, the building powderized')
Super-classes	PhysicalDestructionEvent^c BreakingEvent^c Separation-Complete^c
Restrictions	produces^op some GranularSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Grinding^c MincingSomething^c BlendingInaBlender^c

Pulverizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pulverizing`
Description	''Pulverizing'' is the intentional creation of fine Granular substance. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pulverize' in WordNet: 3. powderize, powderise, powder, pulverize, pulverise - (make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust; 'pulverize the grains')`
Super-classes	Grinding^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Powder^c

Pummeling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pummeling

Description

This is for striking a Person multiple times.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pummel' in WordNet:
          1. (1) pummel, pommel, biff - (strike, usually with the fist; 
             'The pedestrians pummeled the demonstrators')

Super-classes HittingAnObject^c

Pump^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pump`
Description	A mechanical pump, an Artifact. An animal heart is not an instance. For that use ''Pump-Generic''. `Cyc ('Pump-Mechanical') Used to move fluid from one spatial region to another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pump' in WordNet: 1. (4) pump - (a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c Pump-Generic^c Container^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value PumpingFluid^c
Sub-classes	GasolinePump^c

Pump-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pump-Generic`
Description	A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Pump-Generic is a natural or mechanical pump, and is thus capable (see the predicate #$behaviorCapable) of pumping fluid from one spatial region to another. Notable specializations of #$Pump-Generic include #$Heart, #$GasolinePump, and #$OilPump.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Pump^c Heart^c

PumpingBlood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PumpingBlood`
Description	''PumpingBlood'' is what an animal Heart does.
Super-classes	PumpingFluid^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Blood^c isaDesignFunctionOf^op value Heart^c
Sub-classes	HeartBeat^c

PumpingFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PumpingFluid`
Description	The pumping of a liquid or gas, using usually performed a mechanical 'Pump', but this includes other types of pumping action such as a ''HeartBeat''. `Cyc: Pumping-induced pressure differential that causes a fluid to flow. Includes verb senses 3 and 7 of 'pump' in WordNet: 3. (1) pump - (draw or pour with a pump) 7. pump - (raise (gases or fluids) with a pump)`
Super-classes	FluidFlow-Translation^c Conveying-Stationary^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Pump-Generic^c
Sub-classes	PumpingBlood^c PumpingGasoline^c PumpingFromTheGround^c

PumpingFromTheGround^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PumpingFromTheGround

Description

Drawing some natural resource, usually petroleum or water, from the ground by means of a 'Pump'. Example: 'they pumped fifty gallons of oil every day from that stripper well'. 'He pumps a thousand gallons of water an hour into his field from that well.'

        Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'pump' in WordNet:
          7. pump - (raise (gases or fluids) with a pump)

Super-classes PumpingFluid^c

PumpingGasoline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PumpingGasoline`
Description	CYC 'PumpingGasEvent': The collection of events in which a discrete portion of gasoline is pumped entirely (see #$FluidFlow-Translation vs #$Translation-Complete) from a pump into the gas tank of a vehicle. Every complete #$PumpingGasEvent has a #$subEvents in which #$PumpingFluid is occurring. Also, every #$PumpingGasEvent has a number of sub-events in which a portion of gas is completely transmitted into a gas tank (see #$Translation-Complete). `''PumpingGasoline'' is the transfer of ''Gasoline'' from a storage tank (usually underground) into the gas tank of a gasoline-powered device, especially a motor vehicle. This is commonly done at gasoline stations adjacent to a Roadway, but Organizations that maintain a 'fleet' of their own vhicles may have their own facilities for ''PumpingGasoline''.`
Super-classes	RoutineAction^c HandlingADevice^c PumpingFluid^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Gasoline^c isaDesignFunctionOf^op value GasolinePump^c hasEndingPlace^op some TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c

Pumpkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pumpkin`
Description	An individual Pumpkin. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pumpkin' in WordNet: 2. pumpkin - (usually large pulpy deep-yellow round fruit of the squash family maturing in late summer or early autumn)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value PumpkinPlant^c

Pumpkin-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pumpkin-Foodstuff`
Description	The substance inside the shell of a ''Pumpkin'', made into a paste..
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c Vegetable-Food^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Pumpkin^c

PumpkinPie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PumpkinPie`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pumpkin pie' in WordNet: 1. pumpkin pie - (pie made of mashed pumpkin and milk and eggs and sugar)`
Super-classes	Pie^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Pumpkin-Foodstuff^c

PumpkinPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PumpkinPlant

Description

An individual pumpkin.

     Corresponds to sense 1 of 'pumpkin' and sense 1 of 'pumpkin vine' in WordNet:
       1. pumpkin, pumpkin vine, autumn pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo -
          (a coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit 
          with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the
          summer squashes and a few autumn squashes)

Super-classes SquashPlant^c

Pun^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pun

Description

A ''Pun'' is a type of 'Joke''; this type is the abstract conceptual content of the ''Pun'' created by a ''TellingaPun'' Action.

       NOTE: the term 'punning' suggests that this is an Action, but it is intended
         to represent the conceptual content of the words generated in a 
         ''TellingaPun'' Action.  That term 'punning' does not label this type, but labels 
         ''TellingaPun''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pun' in WordNet:
         1. (1) pun, punning, wordplay, paronomasia - 
            (a humorous play on words; 'I do it for the pun of it'; 
            'his constant punning irritated her')

Super-classes Joke^c

Punch-TheTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Punch-TheTool`
Description	A tool used in punching or piercing a material. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'punch' in WordNet: 3. punch, puncher - (a tool for making holes or indentations)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value PunchingAHole^c

PunchingAHole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PunchingAHole`
Description	A process where holes are punched out of some material. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'punch' in WordNet: 3. punch, perforate - (make a hole into or between, as for ease of separation; 'perforate the sheets of paper')`
Super-classes	PiercingSomething^c CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PiercedHole^c

PunchingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PunchingSomeone`
Description	The action of hitting someone with a fist - serious punches only, not playful ones. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'punch' in WordNet: 1. (3) punch, plug - (deliver a quick blow to; 'he punched me in the stomach')`
Super-classes	PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent^c TouchingAnotherPerson^c HittingaPerson^c ViolentAction^c PunchingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Knockout^c

PunchingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PunchingSomething`
Description	The action of throwing a punch and striking something - serious punches only, not playful ones. This is not just hitting accidentally, but intentionally with force. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'punch' in WordNet: 1. (3) punch, plug - (deliver a quick blow to; 'he punched me in the stomach')`
Super-classes	HittingAnObject^c UsingTheHand^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c usedBodyPart^op value Fist^c
Sub-classes	PunchingSomeone^c

Punctual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Punctual

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'punctual' in Wordnet:
      1. punctual - (acting or arriving or performed exactly at the time appointed;
         'she expected guests to be punctual at meals'; 
         'he is not a particularly punctual person'; 'punctual payment')

Super-classes Prompt^c

PunctuatingText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PunctuatingText`
Description	The Action of adding ''PunctuationMark''s to some Text - abstract or physical. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'punctuate' in WordNet: 1. (1) punctuate, mark - (insert punctuation marks into)`
Super-classes	Modification^c IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c Writing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (TextualMaterial^c or AbstractText^c) hadAddedObject^op value PunctuationMark^c produces^op value PunctuationMark^c

PunctuationMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PunctuationMark`
Description	A 'PunctuationMark' is a non-alphabetical and non-numerical character that is used as the separator between sentences or parts of a sentence. `Noun sense 10 of 'mark' in WordNet seems to be the same concept, though there is a separate synset for 'punctuation mark':` in WordNet: 10. mark - (a written or printed symbol (as for punctuation); 'his answer was just a punctuation mark') WN noun 'punctuation mark': 1. (1) punctuation, punctuation mark - (the marks used to clarify meaning by indicating separation of words into sentences and clauses and phrases)
Super-classes	TextMarking^c
Sub-classes	Period^c Ampersand^c Parenthesis^c Hyphen^c AngleBracket^c Colon^c EmDash^c Comma^c Hashtag^c Apostrophe^c EnDash^c Semicolon^c

Puncture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puncture`
Description	A ''Puncture'' is a ''Hole'' in some ''SolidObject'' made by another ''SolidObject'' sufficiently sharp and hard to pierce the punctured object. This is not necessarily created by an ''IntentionalAgent''. `This is usually but not necessarily in a ''SheetLike'' object, such as the Skin or a container. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'puncture' in WordNet: 2. puncture - (a small hole made by a sharp object)`
Super-classes	PiercedHole^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value SharpObject^c wasCreatedBy^op value HardObject^c isLocatedAt^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Prick^c

PuncturingTheSkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuncturingTheSkin`
Description	''PuncturingtheSkin'' is a type of ''PiercingSomething'' in which the thing punctured is the ''Skin'' of some animal. the 'piercing' nay be done by any kind of object for any purpose or by accident.
Super-classes	PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPenetrated^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Acupuncture^c

PungentTasting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PungentTasting

Description

Something ''PungentTasting'' is 'Tasty' but not just ''SweetTasting'', may have a 'bite' to it.. 'sweet and pungent pork' (Chinese dish, same as 'sweet and sour pork')

       Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'pungent' in Wordnet:
         1. pungent, acrid - (strong and sharp;'the pungent taste of radishes'; 
             'the acrid smell of burning rubber')

Super-classes Tasty^c

Punishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Punishing`
Description	This type includes punishments inflicted by individuals and by social or legal proceses. This type is an Event that includes both the action taken by one agent to inflict undesirable things on another agent, and any resulting undesirable things themselves. The results such as spending time in prison or detention, bearing physical pain or injury, etc. are Events represented as 'BearingPunishment' in COSMO, and are also part of this type 'Punishing'. NOTE that in Wordnet, senses 1 and 3 of 'penalty' seems to reflect separation of the action of punishing (snse 1) from the consequences (sense 3). The undesirable things represented by 'BearingPunishment' are represented separately so that the exact nature of the Punishment can be represented for each instance of Punishing. Therefore BearingPunishment is both caused by and a subEvent of 'Punishing'. NOTE: 'Punishing' by an Authority for violating a rule is represented more specifically by the subtype ''Penalizing''. Cyc: Elements of #$Punishing are events which one agent does to another agent in return for some offense. COSMO note: in SUMO 'Punishing' is an OrganizationalProcess, i.e. it involves an Organization. In COSMO, it does not have to involve an Organization, so that part is omitted; e.g., a parent can punish a child. SUMO: Any OrganizationalProcess where the agent does something to the destination that the agent knows is undesirable for the destination. WordNet shows several 'troponyms' (ways to do something) for 'punish', and all are included (implicitly) in this type: (imprisonment was left out?) => revenge, avenge, retaliate - (take revenge for a perceived wrong; 'He wants to avenge the murder of his brother') => tar-and-feather - (smear the body of (someone) with tar and feathers; done in some societies as punishment; 'The thief was tarred and feathered') => execute, put to death - (kill as a means of socially sanctioned punishment; 'In some states, criminals are executed') => pillory - (punish by putting in a pillory) => castigate - (inflict severe punishment on) => amerce - (punish with an arbitrary penalty) => victimize, victimise - (punish unjustly) => scourge - (punish severely; excoriate) => discipline, correct, sort out - (punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience; 'The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently') Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'punish' and sense 1 of 'penalize', and noun sense 1 of 'punishment' and sense 1 and part of sense 3 of 'penalty', and the aspect of sense 2 of 'penalty' (a fine) that includes action by the enforcer (*not( a sum of money) in WordNet: 1. (10) punish, penalize, penalise - (impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on; 'The students were penalized for showing up late for class'; 'we had to punish the dog for soiling the floor again') WN noun 'punishment': 1. (12) punishment, penalty, penalization, penalisation - (the act of punishing) WN 'penalty': 1. (6) punishment, penalty, penalization, penalisation - (the act of punishing) 2. (1) penalty - (a payment required for not fulfilling a contract) 3. (1) penalty - (the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action or condition; 'neglected his health and paid the penalty')
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op some (ViolatingAnObligation^c or Offending^c) hasSubEvent^op some BearingPunishment^c
Sub-classes	Disciplining^c Imprisoning^c Penalizing^c ImposingSanctions^c CaningaPerson^c Retaliating^c Thrashing^c

Punitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Punitive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'punitive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) punitive, punitory - (inflicting punishment; 'punitive justice'; 'punitive damages')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

PunkahFan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PunkahFan

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'punkah' in Wordnet:
          1. punkah - (a large fan consisting of a frame covered with canvas that
          is suspended from the ceiling; used in India for circulating air in a room)

Super-classes PoweredDevice^c
Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Fan^c

Punt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Punt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'punt' in WordNet: 2. punt - (an open flat-bottomed boat used in shallow waters and propelled by a long pole)`
Super-classes	FlatBottomedBoat^c Watercraft-Small^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	isPropelledBy^op value BargePole^c

PuntingaFootBall^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuntingaFootBall

Description

''PuntingaFootBall'' is the Action of Kicking a ''FootBall'' in a (American football game, as a means of moving the ball toward the goal with the likely result of the opposing team gaining possession of the ball, when the team doing the punting is on its fourth (final downs and too far from reaching a first-down to be likely to achieve a first down by trying to move the ball while retaining possession.

        Corresponds to *part* of verb sense 1 of 'punt' (for ''FootballGame-American'') in WordNet:
          1. (1) punt - (kick the ball)
        WN noun 'punt'
          3. punt, punting - ((football) a kick in which the football is dropped 
               from the hands and kicked before it touches the ground;
               'the punt traveled 50 yards'; 'punting is an important part of the game')

Super-classes KickingaFootBall^c

Pup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pup`
Description	A young ''Mammal''. NOTE: WN specifies only dog or wolf, but the term 'pup' is used also for the young of a seal, and also other mammals (usually the larger four-footed ones), but not appplied to cats ('kitten' for cats). This ''Pup'' is synonymous with 'young mammal''. It can be further differentiated (e.g. 'cub' for bears) RHW 'whelp': 1. the young of the dog, or of the wolf, bear, lion, tiger, seal, etc. RHW 'pup': 2. the young of certain other animals, as the rat or fur seal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pup' in WordNet: 1. (1) pup, whelp - (young of any of various canines such as a dog or wolf)`
Super-classes	JuvenileAnimal^c Mammal^c
Sub-classes	Puppy^c

Pupa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pupa`
Description	An insect in the 'PupalStage' of life, protected by a ''Cocoon''. This includes the ''Cocoon'' covering the developing insect. `CYC: A collection of stages in the lives of individual organisms; a subset of #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment. Each element of #$Pupa is a stage during which a metamorphic insect such as a butterfly changes its form from the larval to the adult stage. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pupa' in WordNet: 1. pupa - (an insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult)`
Super-classes	Insect^c
Restrictions	hasSurfacePart^op value Cocoon^c
Sub-classes	Chrysalis^c

PupalStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PupalStage`
Description	'PupalStage' is the LifeStage of an Insect after it has passed from the larval stage and has pupated (formed a ''Cocoon'') but not yet emerged as an adult..
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Pupa^c

Pupil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pupil

Description

A 'Pupil' is a Student who is being directly supervised in his/her studies by some individual. The difference between being a 'Pupil' and a Student is both in the age (a Pupil is in high school or lower), and in the degree of contact of the teacher with the Pupil; a 'Pupil' is the Pupil of some individual teacher. . A Teacher or tutor must have some significant direct contact for a Student to be a Pupil. One student in a lecture class of over a hundred would be a 'Student' but not a Pupil.

      Corresponds to sense 1 of 'pupil' in RHW:
       1.  a person, usually young, who is learning under the close 
          supervision of a teacher at school, a private tutor, or the like; student.

      Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pupil' in WordNet:
        3. schoolchild, school-age child, pupil -
          (a young person attending school (up through senior high school))

Super-classes HumanYouth^c
Student^c

Pupil-EyePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pupil-EyePart`
Description	The opening in the iris of an eye which lets in light. 'Belladonna causes the pupils to dilate'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pupil' in WordNet: 2. (1) pupil - (contractile aperture in the iris of the eye)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Portal^c AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Eye^c

Puppet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puppet`
Description	This includes the marionette and the hand puppet,which can and should be differentiated with subtypes. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'puppet' in WordNet: 1. (1) puppet, marionette - (a small figure of a person operated from above with strings by a puppeteer) 3. puppet - (a doll with a hollow head of a person or animal and a cloth body; intended to fit over the hand and be manipulated with the fingers)`
Super-classes	ModelFigure^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op value Puppeteer^c canBeUsedInAction^op value Mimicry^c
Sub-classes	Marionette^c HandPuppet^c

Puppeteer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puppeteer`
Description	A ''Puppeteer'' may control a ''Marionette'' by moving a ''ControlBar'', or control a ''HandPuppet'' directly by 'wearing' the ''HandPuppet on the hand and moving it to make it appear as though it is moving by its own volition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puppeteer' in WordNet: 1. puppeteer - (one who operates puppets or marionettes)`
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c
Restrictions	controlsManually^op value Puppet^c
Sub-classes	Marionettist^c

Puppy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puppy

Description

A young ''Dog''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puppy' in WordNet:
          1. (2) puppy - (a young dog)

Super-classes JuvenileAnimal^c
Pup^c
Dog^c

Purchase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purchase`
Description	Each ''Purchase'' is the thing obtained in a ''Buying'' transaction - whether abstract (a right) or a PhysicalObject. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'purchase' in Wordnet: 2. (3) purchase - (something acquired by purchase)`
Super-classes	Acquisition^c Role^c
Restrictions	wasAcquiredInEvent^op some Buying^c
Sub-classes	BargainPurchase^c

PurchaseOrder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PurchaseOrder

Description

A 'PurchaseOrder' is a Communication in which one Agent conveys an offer to buy something from the other Agent.

       This covers normal business transactions,
         and implies that the Agent to whom the offer is made has already
         made known its intention to sell.

       NOTE: this type represents the Action of offering formally via a purchase order document.
         The document itself is created by this Action, and is  represented by .

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purchase order' in WordNet:
           1. order, purchase order - (a commercial document used to request someone 
              to supply something in return for payment and providing 
              specifications and quantities; 'IBM received an order for a hundred computers')

Super-classes OfferingToBuy^c

PurchaseOrderDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PurchaseOrderDocument`
Description	A ''PurchaseOrderDocument'' is a ''Document-Physical'' created by a 'PurchaseOrder'. and transmitted to a potential seller. This includes electronic documents transmitted (or copied) to the seller by electronic means. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purchase order' in WordNet: 1. order, purchase order - (a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities; 'IBM received an order for a hundred computers')`
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value PurchaseOrder^c
Sub-classes	MailOrder^c

Pure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pure

Description

'Pure' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalSubstances and some other things like sounds that are relatively free (to within some criterion) from contaminating (unwanted) substances (or sounds). No substance is absolutely pure, so this AttributeValue is to some extent a matter of degree and dependent on the purpose of use of a substance.
It may be used with a numerical qualifier: '99% pure'

      This attribute can be asserted of mixtures that have well-defined
       origin or design purpose (such as drugs or natural products such
       as milk or meat), as well as of pure single chemical substances with specific 
       composition.

      'pure water' for drinking purposes could have many more contaminants than
       'pure water' for a chemistry laboratory; it is pure by being free of toxic
       or infectious agents..

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pure' ad sense 1 of 'unadulterated'  in WordNet:
        1. (28) pure - (free of extraneous elements of any kind;
         'pure air and water'; 'pure gold'; 'pure primary colors'; 
         'the violin's pure and lovely song'; 'pure tones'; 'pure oxygen')
      WN adj 'unadulterated':
        1. unadulterated - (not mixed with impurities; 'unadulterated maple syrup')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

PureGold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PureGold`
Description	''PureGold'' is nominally the Substance that is composed only of ''Gold'' - usually interpreted as being at least 99.9% pure (fractional component 0.999). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pure gold' in WordNet: 1. 24-karat gold, pure gold - (100 per cent gold)`
Super-classes	FractionalComponentSubstance^c Gold^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gold0.999^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Gold^c

PureImaginaryNumber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PureImaginaryNumber

Description

A 'PureImaginaryNumber' is a 'ComplexNumber' with the real component equal to zero, i.e. is has the form: xi, where x is RealNumber and i is the square root of -1. This is both a subtype and a component of a 'ComplexNumber', which may or may not include a RealNumber component.

  This concept is created so as to compose the OrderedPair that is a 'ComplexNumber'
     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pure imaginary number' in WordNet:
       1. pure imaginary number - (an imaginary number of the form a+bi where a is 0)

Super-classes MultiplicationProduct^c
ComplexNumber^c

PureQuartz^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PureQuartz

Description

Some types of ''Quartz'' have impurities that impart a color; that color makes some varieties of quartz-based gems beautiful and valuable. Pure ''Quartz'' is Colorless,

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quartz' in WordNet:
        2. quartz - (a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; 
           present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); 
           yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities)

Super-classes Quartz^c

PureSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PureSubstance`
Description	A PureSubstance is a physical substance that is 100% of the nominal constituent. This rarely occurs in the real world, but it may be useful to represent the properties of a pure substance, as these can be determined to within satisfactory accuracy by measurements on nearly pure substances, or by extrapolation. The properties of a 'PureSubstance' can also be applied to the functional properties of certain substance, such as enzymes, which are typically measured in solutions which may be complex. The scientist making such measurements makes a judgement that the measured property represents the properties of the pure substance, and that will be the recorded property until different information is obtained. The 'turnover rate' of an enzyme, for example, may be recorded as a property of the 'PureSubstance' which is the enzyme. Cyc comment: A collection of tangible stuffs. Each instance of #$PureSubstance is a chemically pure portion of stuff belonging to some particular #$ChemicalSubstanceType (e.g. #$Water or #$Cellulose). 'Chemically pure' applies to a piece of stuff which has no sub-portions that fail to conform to the chemical composition of its (single) #$ChemicalSubstanceType. In typical contexts, most common portions of a #$ChemicalSubstanceType will not be instances of #$PureSubstance . For example, a piece of pencil lead, though mostly carbon, will not be an instance since it is not pure carbon and any portion of ordinary tap water will contain too many impurities. Many sub-portions of either a piece of pencil lead or portion of tap water will fail to conform to the chemical composition of either carbon or water. Some instances of #$ChemicalSubstanceType are subcollections of #$PureSubstance in most contexts but not in all. In typical domestic contexts, for example, a piece of ordinary distilled water would be an instance of #$PureSubstance . However, in a clean room or microchip manufacturing context, ordinary distilled water would probably be considered impure (see #$ImpureCompound). In general, to refer to a pure instance of a substance one can use the function #$PureFn, e.g. (#$PureFn #$Carbon). Note that #$PureFn has #$PureSubstance as a #$resultGenl . Since this kind of purity is relative to specified chemical composition only, #$PureSubstance (and #$PureFn) does not pertain to mixtures in Cyc (such as #$Air). Cf. #$Mixture, #$ChemicalSubstanceType. See also #$PureSubstanceType and #$ImpureCompound.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pure^c
Sub-classes	PureWater^c

PureTone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PureTone`
Description	A ''PureTone'' is a ''Sound'' that has only one ''Pitch''. `NOTE: in WordNet, this synset represents the perceived ''Sensation'', but here this represents the physical phenomenon of sound waves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pure tone' in WordNet: 1. tone, pure tone - (a steady sound without overtones; 'they tested his hearing with pure tones of different frequencies')`
Super-classes	Sound^c
Sub-classes	HarmonicTone^c

PureWater^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PureWater

Description

Water that has no detectable impurities, and is believed to have the same properties as 100% water. This Substance, as for other 'pure' substances represents an ideal that may only be approximated in real life. The function of 'pure' substance in COSMO is to permit the specification of properties that can be measured or extrapolated for the pure substance, but may not apply to the same substance with some impurities in it.

     Note that this makes no commitment as to the state (solid, liquid, gas)
     of the water

Super-classes Water^c
PureSubstance^c

Puree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puree

Description

CYC: Food which has been put through a blender for a while.

      ?? CYC has it as a PlantProduct - is that necessary?
      ??BUT WN gloss indicates it does not have to be blended - it could be strained.
      This type will not have the 'blending' requirement.
      NOTE that ''Sauce'' is a ''Condiment' - so this type can be 
      used for foods with the consistency of a 'sauce' but that are
      not actually condiments.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puree' in WordNet:
        1. puree - (food prepared by cooking and straining or processed in a blender)

Super-classes ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c
PlantProduct^c
SemiSolidSubstance^c

Pureeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pureeing`
Description	''Pureeing'' is the act of processing some solid material in a ''Blender'' to make a 'Puree' `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'puree' (for pureeing in a Blender) in WordNet: 1. puree, strain - (rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender; 'puree the vegetables for the baby')`
Super-classes	BlendingInaBlender^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SolidFoodObject^c produces^op value Puree^c

Purgative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purgative`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purgative' in Wordnet: 1. purgative, cathartic, physic, aperient - (a purging medicine; stimulates evacuation of the bowels)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	stimulates^op value Defecating^c
Sub-classes	CastorOil^c

Purifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purifying`
Description	COSMO note: this type of 'purify' is also an 'increase' in the concentration (weight percentage) of the thing that is being purified. BUT this is not necessarily a ''CleaningEvent'' because it does not necessarily reverse a ''Dirtying'' - a natural product can be purified from a naturally occurring mixture.
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c ImprovementEvent^c ProcessingSomething^c SeparationEvent^c RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Impurity^c causesIncreaseIn^op value FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Refining^c Fractionation^c Distilling^c ConcentratingaSolution^c

Puritan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puritan

Description

CYC: The collection of members of a 16th and 17th century Protestant group in England and New England opposing as unscriptural the ceremonial worship and the prelacy of the Church of England.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Puritan' in WordNet:
          1. Puritan - (a member of a group of English Protestants 
            who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that 
            the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete 
            and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship)

Super-classes ProtestantPerson^c

Purple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purple`
Description	A Color that has tints of both Reddish and Bluish. `CYC 'PurpleColor': The color purple RHW 'purple': 1. any color having components of both red and blue, such as lavender, esp. one deep in tone. NOTE that WordNet does not distinguish purple and violet; in COSMO violet has a heavier tint of blue than of red: Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'purple' (''Purplish'' is the parent type) in WordNet: 1. (9) purple, violet, purplish - (of a color intermediate between red and blue)`
Super-classes	Purplish^c
Sub-classes	LilacColor^c

Purplish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purplish`
Description	CYC: The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$PurpleColor. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'purplish' in WordNet; 1. purple, violet, purplish - (of a color intermediate between red and blue)`
Super-classes	Reddish^c Bluish^c
Sub-classes	Purple^c

Purporting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purporting`
Description	''Purporting'' is a ''Claiming'' that asserts something although that something is questionable.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'purport' in WordNet: 1. (3) purport - (have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming; "The letter purports to express people's opinion")`
Super-classes	Claiming^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Allegation^c

Purpose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purpose`
Description	A 'Purpose' is a special subtype of Goal for which an agent requires some Resource. When an agent requires a resource, it is to achieve some Purpose. This use of the term 'Purpose' is more specialized than the common uses, which often overlap with 'Goal'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purpose' in Wordnet: 1. (75) purpose, intent, intention, aim, design - (an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; 'his intent was to provide a new translation'; 'good intentions are not enough'; 'it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs'; 'he made no secret of his designs')`
Super-classes	Goal^c
In range of	isSatisfactoryForPurpose^op

PurposefulAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PurposefulAction`
Description	A specialization of both #$Action and #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$PurposefulAction is an action consciously, volitionally, and purposefully done by (see #$performedBy) at least one actor. COSMO note: to give meaning to this type and its subtypes, it is necessary to give a value to the 'hasIntendedResultOrProduct' restriction. NOTE: ****** Related elements in the ontology are: **** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasDesiredSituation hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires IN ADDITION: for actions that involve physical motion (not just mental activity), the subtype ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' is used. That concept involves additional relations, including those important for Robotics For contrast see ''Automatic'' Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. In SUMO, equivalent to 'IntentionalProcess'. SUMO: A Process (Event) that has a specific purpose for the 'IntentionalAgent' who performs it.
Super-classes	FunctionalEvent^c Action^c ConsciousActivity^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some (IntendedResult^c or SituationProcessEventOrState^c or FunctionalProcess^c or EventType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) hasAttributeValue^op value Intentional^c hasDesiredSituation^op value GoalSituation^c
Sub-classes	DisclosingaSecret^c Dieting^c ShapingSomething^c ClusteringTogether^c DelayingAction^c HeatingSomething^c ModifyingBehavior^c SequencingaBiopolymer^c Collecting^c AttendingaSocialEvent^c KeepingaPromise^c ShooingSomethingAway^c SettingSomethingOnFire^c AttemptingActivity^c SpendingTime^c UtteringaCurse^c WrongingSomeone^c VisualArtActivity^c Observing^c Precaution^c Surrendering^c Competition^c SocialInteraction^c Learning^c Latching^c Choosing^c Witchcraft^c HavingFun^c GuidingAMovingObject^c Rioting^c LocatingSomething^c BirdWatching^c GuardingSomething^c Touching^c SportsAction^c Reforming^c SocialOccurrence^c TakingSomething^c DesigningEvent^c DevelopingSomething^c SprayingWaterDirectionally^c GroupTransfer^c UsingAnOpportunity^c TakingaTrip^c PlantingaPlant^c ObservingAstronomicalObjects^c Searching^c Ignoring^c StoppingaVehicle^c SuccessfulAction^c Updating^c InstallingSomething^c EntrenchingaSocialArrangement^c ModeratingBehavior^c Stabbing^c Assuring^c ReachingaGoal^c Reduction^c Behavior^c Event-Organized^c PausingAction^c GatheringTogetherOfPeople^c BlowingTheNose^c DefeatingAnOpponent^c GarneringSomething^c Criticizing^c RefiningAnAction^c Finalizing^c Abortion^c FillingSomeoneInOnaTopic^c RemovingSomething^c FoundingAnOrganization^c HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c Filibustering^c AntisocialAction^c Rushing^c Wandering^c EstablishingaHeadquarters^c RepairingEvent^c Worshipping^c AnimalSportEvent^c HolidayEvent^c ConfrontingaSituation^c Taunting^c WorkingEvent^c CeaseParticipating^c FloppingDown^c Tinkering^c StatingSomething^c Congregating^c AdmittingaFact^c ProcessingSomething^c DrainingEvent^c PlayingaSoundRecording^c TheOccult^c PopulatingaPlace^c TakingAction^c FirstStep^c MakingMusic^c SocialGathering^c AccompanyingaPerson^c ProcessiveAction^c PreparingForSituation^c Pampering^c MaterialHandling^c RoundTrip^c TreatingSomeone^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c DoingThingsTogether^c ManagementEvent^c Procuring^c AssociatingWithOtherPeople^c Revising^c Punishing^c InfluencingAnAgent^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c CreatingAnArtifact^c Snitching^c MilitaryOperation^c Teasing^c Hustling^c UsingAnAbility^c EstablishingaSocialInstitution^c Participation^c Correcting^c ControllingAnAnvironment^c OvercomingaChallenge^c AcceptingSomething^c ReligiousEvent^c DividingSomethingIntoParts^c DisplayingSomething^c Wrongdoing^c EconomicAction^c Attaching^c Waiting^c PunchingSomething^c PerformingSomeAction^c SightSeeing^c StokingaFire^c Maneuver^c Coloring^c WateringPlants^c Brushing^c ReachingaGoalState^c IntentionalDestruction^c UsingSomething^c Sniffling^c Rendering^c CooperationEvent^c Mothering^c Competing^c BusinessEvent^c EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c WritingaComputerProgram^c StopTalking^c Inquiring^c Desisting^c ModusOperandi^c Suicide^c GivingaReward^c HuddlngTogether^c PassingThroughAClosedDoor^c MilitaryEvent^c Testifying^c Acquainting^c Offending^c IntentionalMentalEvent^c ChasingSomethingAway^c SignalingAction^c HorseRace^c TakingAnOath^c Requesting^c LegalActivity^c MagicAction^c HostileSocialAction^c SocialAssimilation^c

PurposefulInaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PurposefulInaction`
Description	A specialization of 'PurposefulAction' in which a 'IntentionalAgent' intentionally refrains from doing something that s/he might have done, whether temporarily (Delaying, Waiting) or permanently. See the subtype 'Refraining' for more specific inaction. This is a subtype of Action because in COSMO an intentional refraining from some Action is also an Action. This Action may stand by itself unrelated to other actions. For the case where an Agent does not act on some item in a list of items, use ''SkippingOverSomething'' which may be intentional or unintentional. NOTE that a ''PurposefulInaction'' is also classified as a subtype of ''PerformingSomeAction'', since a stative event (''Persistentstate'') is also an ''Event'', and an intentional inaction is also an ''Action''.
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c PersistentState^c Inactivity^c PerformingSomeAction^c
Sub-classes	Uniformity^c Abeyance^c Standstill^c Refraining^c KeepingaSecret^c CeaseFire^c Recess^c Idling^c

PurposefulMentalActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PurposefulMentalActivity`
Description	The intersection of #$StrictlyMentalEvent and #$PurposefulAction, and also a specialization of #$IntentionalMentalEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event involving intentional mental activity on the part of at least one performer (see #$performedBy). Solving a math problem (cf. #$DoingMath), planning an attack and performing a thought experiment (cf. #$ThoughtExperimenting) are all examples of #$PurposefulMentalActivity. However, daydreaming or having undesired obsessive thoughts are not examples. A borderline example might be arriving at the solution to a math problem in one's sleep after intentionally working on the problem during the previous day.
Super-classes	IntentionalMentalEvent^c
Sub-classes	Evaluating^c WillingSomething^c Retrospect^c Thinking^c Meditating^c DoingMath^c

PurposefulPhysicalAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PurposefulPhysicalAction`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvents that are performed purposively (see #$performedBy). This collection is the collection-intersection of #$PurposefulAction and #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent. Since each instance of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction is also an instance of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, each instance has both a mental and a physical component. Driving a car would be an instance of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction since it involves mental and physical functioning on the part of the performing agent and is done purposively. Crashing a car, conversely, would not normally be an instance (unless the driver purposefully caused the crash) COSMO NOTE: A ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' is an action that involve physical motion (not just mental activity), In addition to motivations and effects related to a ''PurposefulAction'' a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' includes relatons to other concepts that are important for Robotics. These include both the motions that need to be taken to achieve the desired effect, and the perceptions and sensations, especially the 'touch' feedback that will be experienced by a Robot when performing the physical action. These relations will only be properly represented when an FOL version of COSMO can be developed that includes functional relations that call robotic procedures or receive information from sensors. Among the feedback sensations would be: vision: to see the effects and adjust the action if necessary touch: to determine if the pressure exerted is enough or too much, depending on the object being manipulated. The pressures can come from and be perceived by any part of an object being manipulated, and the direction and magnitude of the pressure can be an important feedback element. Hearing: generating sounds may be a part of the intended effect, or if not, may provide a warning of an unintended side-effect. Smell: uncommon but possible generation of odors may be an intended effect, or may be an unintended side-effect. In some Actions, the odor may be an important intended effect, such as in manufacturing of fragrances or of fragrant foods. Taste: Determining the taste of some substance may be, as in food preparation, an intended part of the purpose. In other Actions involving substances, the taste may be used as one method of detecting whether some substance is present or absent. As part of this, the presence or absence of substances will be an important part of chemical analytical procedures. Whether or not such substance-detection can be viewed as a subtype of 'tasting' has not been considered yet - depends on whether taste is specific for animal tase buds.
Super-classes	CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	UsingAnObject^c Task^c LeavingaPlace^c ApplyingAForce^c CruelAct^c Trapping^c Capturing^c AbradingSomething^c Summoning^c Communication^c HiringAnAgent^c SelfImprovement^c Studying^c StayingBehind^c OrganizationalProcess^c CleaningTeeth^c FiringSomeone^c RecreationalActivity^c Pounding^c ViolentAction^c MakingSomethingNoticeable^c TakingCareOfSomething^c ConsumingSomething^c Pursuing^c RiskyAction^c AthleticActivity^c Sweeping^c ClosingSomething^c OpeningSomething^c AttackOnObject^c DirectedTranslation^c MakingaPhysicalSubstance^c AimingAction^c Prank^c ImprovingFunctionality^c HumanForaging^c CausingAnObjectToMove^c Grinding^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c MilitaryAction^c EnhancingAppearance^c Quest^c FightingaFire^c CrossingAGap^c Pretending^c Knocking^c PressingSomethingFlat^c AbusingSomething^c AssigningaResponsibility^c SearchingForFood^c CrossingABorder^c ClosingaPlaceOfBusiness^c UsingLand^c HidingSomething^c AssigningaRule^c ControllingSomething^c HelpingSomethingDoSomething^c EnablingPassageThrough^c TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay^c Foraging^c DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice^c BlockingTraffic^c Perceiving-Voluntary^c NewsGathering^c Enriching^c PerformingArtActivity^c TrappingOrPursuing^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c Raking^c OpeningaPlaceOfBusiness^c

Purposefully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purposefully

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'purposefully' in Wordnet:
          1. purposefully - (in a purposeful manner; 'he caught the motorcycles 
           in the full glare of his headlights, braked and slipped purposefully out of the car')

Super-classes Deliberately^c

Purse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Purse`
Description	A small WomensBag bag typically carried by a woman to hold things that they may need while away from home, such as cosmetics, money, credit cards, whatever. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purse' in Wordnet: 1. (5) bag, handbag, pocketbook, purse - (a container used for carrying money and small personal items or accessories (especially by women); 'she reached into her bag and found a comb')`
Super-classes	WomensBag^c NonPoweredDevice^c SomethingToWear^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCarry^op value Compact^c isDesignedToCarry^op value MakeupObject^c isDesignedToCarry^op value MoneyObject^c

Pursuing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pursuing`
Description	The general action in which an animal (including people) try to find an animal or person that is trying to keep ahead or elude capture, often with the purpose of capturing it; the Pursuing Event includes the Capturing phase, if a capture is intended and is successful. A 'Pursuing' can be a hunter (or photographer) tracking an animal, by following a trail or by looking in places where the animal is likely to be; for hunting and animal with the intention of capturing or killing it, use the subtype 'Hunting'. This can also be the activity of a police detective trying to locate a subject, involving paperwork and desk work, and also of physical pursuit. This also includes recreational pursuing, as in a game of hide-and-seek. NOTE: the difference between 'Pursuing' and 'ChasingSomething' is that the latter is a purely physical action, requiring motion in the direction of the object chased, whereas 'Pursuing' may or may not include an actual physical motion in the direction of an object; a policeman may 'pursue' a criminal largely by searching for information on his/her whereabouts. SUMO; The class of IntentionalProcesses where something is sought. Some examples would be hunting, shopping, trawling, and stalking. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'pursue' in WordNet, but is only for pursuing physical objects (including people), and does not include 'pursuing' abstract things like hobbies: in WordNet: 3. (6) quest for, go after, quest after, pursue - (go in search of or hunt for; 'pursue a hobby')
Super-classes	TrappingOrPursuing^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c Searching^c FollowingMotion^c AttemptingActivity^c
Sub-classes	Hunting^c Fishing^c Stalking^c ChasingSomething^c

Pus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pus`
Description	CYCthe thick opaque white fluid containing white blood cells (leucocytes) that is secreted from bacterial infections on the skin. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pus' in WordNet: 2. pus, purulence, suppuration, ichor, sanies, festering - (a fluid product of inflammation)`
Super-classes	BodyFluid^c Secretion-Bodily^c OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	contains^op value WhiteBloodCell^c isProducedByEventType^op value BacterialInfection^c isProducedByEventType^op value Inflammation^c

PushUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PushUp`
Description	A ''PushUp'' is an ''ArmExercise'' in which a person lies face down on the floor or mat and while keeping the toes on the ground, pushes the rest of the body up until the arms are straight. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pushup' in WordNet: 1. (6) pushup, press-up - (an arm exercise performed lying face to the floor and pushing the body up and down with the arms)`
Super-classes	ArmExercise^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value ArmMuscleStrength^c hadObjectModified^op value ArmMuscle^c

PushingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PushingEvent`
Description	A PushingEvent is a ForceTransmissionEvent in which one object is touching another, and by the first object causing itself to move toward the other object, causes the other object to move. A push may be brief or continuous. This sense requires that the object move: to 'push on' something without moving it is a 'ForceTransmissionEvent'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pushing' and verb sense 1 of 'push' in WordNet: WN 'pushing': 1. (4) push, pushing - (the act of applying force in order to move something away; 'he gave the door a hard push'; 'the pushing is good exercise') WN verb 'push': 1. (56) push, force - (move with force, 'He pushed the table into a corner')`
Super-classes	PullingOrPushingEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value PushingPhenomenon^c
Sub-classes	PloughingaTrench^c Levering^c NudgingAnObject^c ShovingaPerson^c Pedaling^c

PushingPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PushingPhenomenon`
Description	A ''PushingPhenomenon'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' exerted by one PhysicalObject on another that causes the second object to either move, or (if fixed in place) to experience a compressive effect experienced as a pressure.
Super-classes	PhysicalForce^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value PushingEvent^c mayCause^op value Motion^c

PussyWillow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PussyWillow

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pussy willow' in WordNet:
          1. (1) pussy willow, Salix discolor - (small willow of eastern North America 
          having greyish leaves and silky catkins that come before the leaves)

Super-classes WillowTree^c

Pustule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pustule`
Description	A small imple containing ''Pus'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pustule' in WordNet: 1. pustule - (a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus; a blister filled with pus)`
Super-classes	Pimple^c AnimalBodyRegion^c
Restrictions	contains^op value Pus^c

Putter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Putter`
Description	A ''Putter'' is a ''GolfClub'' with a relatively flat face designed to be used in ''Putting'' on the ''PuttingGreen''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'putter' in WordNet: 2. putter, putting iron - (the iron normally used on the putting green)`
Super-classes	GolfIron^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Putting^c

Puttering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puttering`
Description	''Puttering'' is a ''BeingBusy'' with minor tasks not requiring hard work or intense concentration `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'putter' in WordNet: 1. potter, putter - (work lightly; 'The old lady is pottering around in the garden')`
Super-classes	BeingBusy^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value EasyToDo^c

Putting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Putting`
Description	''Putting'' is a''HittingaGolfballWithaClub'' where the ''GolfClub''used is a 'Putter''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'putting' in WordNet: 1. putt, putting - (hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter; 'his putting let him down today; he didn't sink a single putt over three feet')`
Super-classes	HittingaGolfballWithaClub^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value PuttingGreen^c requiredInstrument^op value Putter^c isaSubEventOf^op value PlayingaGolfGame^c

PuttingFoodOnaPlate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingFoodOnaPlate`
Description	Each 'PuttingFoodOnaPlate' is a 'ProcessComponentEvent' that is the last event (transition) of a 'CookingFood' Event, resulting in a 'MealIsReady' stage. This type can be used for putting the food anywhere, even in a bin at a buffet or barbecue, wherever the finished food is available for the diners.
Super-classes	ProcessStep^c Action^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some CookingFood^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServingChickenParmDinnerDC20080523

PuttingGreen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingGreen`
Description	A ''PuttingGreen'' is an oval piece of mostly level land in a GolfCourse that has the 'hole' that is the target for the GolfBall, and has thick grass mowed very short to allow the GolfBall to be propelled and roll smoothly with little drag. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'putting green' in WordNet: 1. green, putting green - (an area of closely cropped grass surrounding the hole on a golf course; 'the ball rolled across the green and into the trap')`
Super-classes	LandSite^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicActivity^op value Putting^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Turf^c hasShape^op value Elliptical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Grassy^c isaSpatialPartOf^op value GolfCourse^c

PuttingGreenCup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingGreenCup`
Description	A ''PuttingGreenCup'' or 'hole' is an artificial ''Hole'' in the surface of a ''PuttingGreen'' into which the GolfBall must be propelled to complete one 'hole' of Golf and determine the score (the number of strokes required to put the ball into the cup).. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'cup' in WordNet: 6. (3) cup - (the hole (or metal container in the hole) on a golf green; 'he swore as the ball rimmed the cup and rolled away'; 'put the flag back in the cup')`
Super-classes	OpenTopContainer^c ArtifactObject^c Opening^c Target^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value PuttingGreen^c

PuttingIntoMemory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingIntoMemory`
Description	'PuttingIntoMemory' is an Action in which a cognitive agent acquires and holds some information in memory for some period of time, whether short-term or long-term. This includes both holding something in one's active attention span - short-term memory - and holding it in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory. Every instance of 'PuttingIntoMemory' causes a 'HavingInMemory' state. For the act of storing something in long-term memory, use the subtype 'Memorizing'. NOTE that this includes only the act of acquiring information. The state of retaining information for some period of time is rerpresented separately as 'HavingInMemory'. In COSMO Acts related to memory are divided into stages: 1. PuttingIntoMemory - acquiring a memory, short or long-term 2. HavingInMemory - having something in short term memory, or in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory 3. Remembering - recalling something from long-term to short-term memory, i.e. bringing it from outside of current consciousness into the current consciousness. States 1 and 3 have subtypes. 'Forgetting' reverses the effect of 'PuttingIntoMemory'. The result of 'PuttingIntoMemory' will be the state 'HavingInMemory' and some mental object 'Memory'. NOTE that unlike 'Memorizing' this is not necessarily an act of 'Learning' because information acquired in short-term memory may not persist long enough to be cosidered as 'learned' information.
Super-classes	SingleDoerAction^c StrictlyMentalEvent^c IntentionalMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value HavingInMemory^c produces^op only Memory^c
Sub-classes	Memorizing^c

PuttingOnAClothingItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingOnAClothingItem`
Description	A specialization of #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$PuttingOnAClothingItem is an event in which some wearable item is donned. Such an event may be performed either by the wearer or by someone else (e.g., putting on a horse's bridle or a child's mittens). After an instance of #$PuttingOnAClothingItem occurs, there exists an instance of #$WearingSomething (q.v.); namely, the situation in which the item donned is #$wornOn the body of the wearer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'put on' in WordNet: 1. (18) wear, put on, get into, don, assume - (put clothing on one's body; 'What should I wear today?'; 'He put on his best suit for the wedding'; 'The princess donned a long blue dress'; 'The queen assumed the stately robes'; 'He got into his jeans')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c CoveringSomething^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	causes^op some WearingSomething^c

PuttingSomethingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingSomethingDown`
Description	A specialization of 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere' in which an Agent guides a PhysicalObject object onto a surface where it rests, at least for some interval of time. The restriction requires that the Object layed down be specified. The rate of this action an vary from gentle to rapid and rough. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'put down'. This is for solid physical objects that are heavy enough to remain still on some solid supporting surface. For abstract objects, use the more general 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere'. For the more specific sense of laying something horizontally, use 'LayingSomethingHorizontally' in WordNet: 1. (6) set down, put down, place down - (cause to sit or seat or be in a settled position or place; 'set down your bags here')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value HorizontalTopSurface^c hadObjectMoved^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	PlunkingSomethingDown^c LayingSomethingHorizontally^c

PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingSomethingIntoSomething`
Description	COSMO note: this includes the notion of creating packages using some wrapping material, and putting things on an open shelf as well as for putting things into a container. See 'Packing' for more common specific types. Another subtype is 'InjectingOrInfusing'. `Cyc: A specialization of #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere (q.v.). Each instance of #$PuttingSomethingIntoSomething is an event in which an instance of #$Agent guides a moving object into a new location.`
Super-classes	Inserting^c
Sub-classes	ConveyingaFluid^c PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth^c InstillingByDrops^c PlantingaPlant^c AnalAdministration^c VaginalAdministration^c BaggingSomething^c TuckingSomethingIntoSomething^c Anesthetizing^c StuffingThingsIntoaContainer^c ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c Packing^c

PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingSomethingIntoStorage`
Description	'PuttingSomethingIntoStorage' is the Action of putting something into a 'location' where it is intended to be stored, for at least a little while. The storage location would be one that is usually used for storage, whether it is open like a book shelf, or locked like a safe, or relatively accessible like a desk drawer. The act of maintaining an item in its storage location is represented as 'StorageOfSomething'. NOTE that this is general and the thing stored can be a substance, including abstract substances such as ''Information''. Cyc: A specialization of #$LocatingInIntendedPosition and #$TakingCareOfSomething. Each instance of #$StoringSomething is an event in which an agent puts some #$PartiallyTangible in a safe place for later use. NOTE The WN synsets for 'store' senses 1 and 2 have the same parent and there appears to be no distinction between putting something into storage and keeping it in storage. Sense 1 of 'store' is represented in COSMO both in ''PuttingSomethingIntoStorage'' and for the resulting ''PersistentState'' 'StorageOfSomething''. The distinction in linguistic usage will need careful look at the examples. WN does not have a sense of 'stow' that corresponds to this meaning, but in RHW there is one sense: RHW verb 'stow': 2. to put in a place or receptacle, as for storage or reserve; pack: He stowed the potatoes in our cellar. Corresponds to part of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'store' and noun sense 1 of 'storage' in WordNet; in WordNet: 1. (18) store, hive away, lay in, put in, salt away, stack away, stash away - (keep or lay aside for future use; 'store grain for the winter'; 'The bear stores fat for the period of hibernation when he doesn't eat') 2. (11) store - (find a place for and put away for storage; 'where should we stow the vegetables?'; 'I couldn't store all the books in the attic so I sold some')
Super-classes	Translation-SingleTrajectory^c Preserving^c LocatingInIntendedPosition^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value StorageOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	BottlingaLiquid^c StoringInformation^c

PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth`
Description	''PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth''is the act of inserting some Object (liquid or solid) into the Mouth of an Animal.
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some PhysicalObject^c hasEndingPlace^op value Mouth^c isIntoInteriorOf^op value Mouth^c
Sub-classes	OralAdministration^c

PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingSomethingSomewhere`
Description	COSMO NOTE: although Cyc documentation says that the agent must guide the object throughout its translational motion, in COSMO this type is used to include 'putting' actions such as pouring, dropping from a short distance, or spraying a substance from inside a container to a short distance away, or actions by machines such as 'Printing'. The important part of this concept is that the agent can see or otherwise control (e.g. by mechanical constraints) the location where the thing is being put, and can closely control destination, and that the thing being put is intended to stay put for at least a short time to accomplish a purpose - even putting salt on food to eat it. A 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere' may initiate a 'StorageOfSomething'. Cyc: A collection of events. An instance of #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere is an event in which an #$Agent-Generic guides a moving object to a new location. This #$Agent-Generic is often, but not always, the #$providerOfMotiveForce in the event. The #$Agent-Generic", or some instrument under its control, must accompany the #$objectMoving along its #$motionPathway-Complete. For example, someone lifting a crate, or steering a car, and placing it in some location (e.g., a garage), carries out an instance of #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere. The #$providerOfMotiveForce and the #$objectMoving (the focal object moving) must be distinct. COSMO note: from this description, it is unclear why a 'TransportationEvent' would not be a subtype of 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere', but it doesn't seem to be. So we will interpret this as meaning that the Agent (a person presumably) must be actively involved, if not in direct handling of the 'something', then in manipulating some small device with which the agent puts the something somewhere, * without moving from a specific position *. Perhaps the largest 'putting' would be moving earth with a steam shovel while seated in the control cab, but moving pallets with a forklift would be a TransportationEvent, since the forklift would move the person and packages. In SUMO called simply 'Putting' (not to be confused with the Golf activity). SUMO: The Class of Processes where something is put in a location. Note that the location is specified with the CaseRole 'destination'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'put' in WordNet: 1. (691) put, set, place, pose, position, lay - (put into a certain place or abstract location; 'Put your things here'; 'Set the tray down'; 'Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children'; 'Place emphasis on a certain point') WN noun 'placement': 3. (1) placement, location, locating, position, positioning, emplacement - (the act of putting something in a certain place)
Super-classes	Translation-LocationChange^c Translation-Complete^c GuidingAMovingObject^c ActionOnObject^c
Sub-classes	Enclosing^c TeeingUp^c SittingDown^c FilingaDocument^c PuttingSomethingDown^c DanglingSomethingFromAnObject^c Archiving^c SurroundingSomething^c CoveringSomething^c LaunchingaBoat^c DispensingSomething^c SettingSomethingDown^c Arranging^c ServingFoodOrDrink^c Sedimentation^c LocatingInIntendedPosition^c Arraying^c WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c LeavingaResidue^c EnclosingAnObject^c InstallingSomething^c Organizing^c Inserting^c Misplacing^c ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution^c Juxtaposing^c Diluting^c Decorating^c Interspersing^c Collecting-Hobby^c Loading^c HangingSomething^c Cushioning^c PuttingOnAClothingItem^c KeepingSomething^c BottlingaLiquid^c HidingAnObjectByMovingIt^c

PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution`
Description	''PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution'' is the Action of transferring a Person into some 'institution' which can be medical or psychological or penological. This can be used for prople going voluntarily into an institution, and the 'Agent' doing this Action can be the Person who eners the Institution. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'commit' in WordNet: 3. (3) commit, institutionalize, institutionalise, send, charge - (cause to be admitted; of persons to an institution; 'After the second episode, she had to be committed'; 'he was committed to prison')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Person^c hadThingTransferred^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Hospitalizing^c

Putty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Putty`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'putty' in WordNet: 1. putty - (a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass)`
Super-classes	SemiSolidSubstance^c Adhesive^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value LinseedOil^c

PuttyColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuttyColor`
Description
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	YellowishGray-Color^c

Puzzle-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puzzle-Generic`
Description	A ''Puzzle-Generic' can be a PhysicalObject (''Puzzle-TangibleProduct'') or an AbstractObject (''ProblemToBeSolved''). The AbstractObject 'puzzle' can be a MentalObject that is a set of assertions describing a situation,plus a question,plus an assertion that the question has an answer (the 'solution'). `The collection of all puzzles, i.e., instances of #$Artifact-Generic that have a 'solution' one has to figure out, and which are intended to provide diversion or serve as a test of intellect. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'puzzle' in WordNet: 1. puzzle, puzzler, mystifier, teaser - (a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution; 'he loved to solve chessmate puzzles'; 'that's a real puzzler')`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Maze^c Puzzle-TangibleProduct^c

Puzzle-TangibleProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puzzle-TangibleProduct`
Description	CYC: The collection of objects (often toys) that test one's ingenuity. An example is #$JigsawPuzzle. See #$Puzzle-Generic for a broader sense of 'puzzle' and #$Puzzle-CW for the #$ConceptualWorks. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'puzzle' in WordNet: 2. puzzle - (a toy that tests your ingenuity)`
Super-classes	Plaything^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c Puzzle-Generic^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce^op value Enjoyment^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some ProblemToBeSolved^c
Sub-classes	CrosswordPuzzle^c JigsawPuzzle^c

Puzzled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Puzzled

Description

''Puzzled'' is an intensive level of ''Baffled'' This is used for lack of understanding an issue, or for inability to find a solution to a problem.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'puzzled' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) at a loss, nonplused, nonplussed, puzzled -
             (filled with bewilderment; 'at a loss to understand those remarks';
             'puzzled that she left without saying goodbye')
        WN adj sense 2 of 'stuck':
          2. stuck - (baffled; 'this problem has me completely stuck')

Super-classes Perplexed^c

Pygmy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pygmy`
Description	'This ''Pygmy'' is a ''SmallPerson'' that is a member of a ''VariantSrain'' of genetically related ''SmallPerson''s, all of whom are of less than word-average height for a ''Person''. Well-known examples of such Groups live in the Congo area of Africa. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pygmy' in WordNet: 2. Pygmy, Pigmy - (any member of various peoples having an average height of less than five feet)`
Super-classes	SmallPerson^c VariantSrain^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Pylon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pylon`
Description	CYC: a (usually steel) tower used for support. `See subtype 'powe pylon' for the more specific type. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'pylon' in WordNet: 2. pylon, power pylon - (a large vertical steel tower supporting high-tension power lines; "power pylons are a favorite target for terrorists")`
Super-classes	Tower^c SupportingObject^c
Sub-classes	PowerPylon^c

Pyramid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pyramid

Description

This is an abstract shape, not a physical object.
It is a Polyhedron, but it can have 4 or 5 sides (triangular base or rectangular base).

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyramid' in Wordnet:
            1. pyramid - (a polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular sides with a common vertex)

Super-classes Polyhedron^c
ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c

Pyridine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pyridine

Description

A specialization of #$OrganicCompound. Each instance of this collection is a sample of N(CH)4CH.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyridine' in WordNet:
          1. pyridine - (a toxic colorless flammable liquid organic base 
            with a disagreeable odor; usually derived from coal)

Super-classes OrganicCompound^c
AromaticCompound^c

Pyrite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pyrite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyrite' in WordNet: 1. pyrite, iron pyrite, fool's gold - (a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c Mineral^c

Pyroclastic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pyroclastic

Description

Used for ''Rock''s - also for ''Stone'' substances??

      RHW adj. 'pyroclastic':
        composed chiefly of fragments of volcanic origin, as agglomerate, 
          tuff, and certain other rocks; volcaniclastic.

Super-classes Clastic^c

Pyrogen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Pyrogen`
Description	Each subtype of 'Pyrogen' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that can cause an increase in body temperature in some animal, mostly relevant to human medicine. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyrogen' in WordNet: 2. pyrogen, pyrectic - (any substance that can cause a rise in body temperature)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value HighBodyTemperature^c

PyrotechnicDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PyrotechnicDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$Device-OneTimeUse and #$ExplosiveDevice. Each instance of #$PyrotechnicDevice is a manufactured item that contains a portion of #$PyrotechnicMaterial and whose purpose is to use combustion processes to propell objects, create visual displays, or create sonic effects. The term has been used more broadly so as to include military ordnance, but the present sense means to exclude weapons. Any sort of fireworks count as pyrotechnic devices in the present sense, as do stationary and airborne signal flares, including those intended for military use. COSMO note: this includes flares such as 'railroad flares) used as warning signals, and pinwheels and other ground-based flaring pyrotechnics, so it is not necessarily an explosive device. This is the generic pyrotechnic, but those used for entertainment in displays are the subtype ''Firework-PyrotechnicDevice''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyrotechnic' in WordNet: 1. firework, pyrotechnic - ((usually plural) a device with an explosive that burns at a low rate and with colored flames; can be used to illuminate areas or send signals etc.)
Super-classes	CombustionDevice^c
Sub-classes	Firework-PyrotechnicDevice^c Flare^c

Python^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Python`
Description	`RHW: any of several Old World boa constrictors of the subfamily Pythoninae, often growing to a length of more than 20 ft. (6 m): the Indian python, Python molurus, is endangered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'python' in Wordnet: 1. (3) python - (large Old World boas)`
Super-classes	Constrictor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

Quack^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quack

Description

The 'Quacking' sound made by a ''Duck''. This is an Event of 'quacking' that includes the transmission of the quacking sound.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'quack' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) quack - (utter quacking noises; 'The ducks quacked')
        WN noun 'quack'
          2. quack - (the harsh sound of a duck)

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

Quad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quad`
Description	A ''Building'' is a ''Courtyard'' surrounded on four sides by two or more ''Building''s, with no streets inside it. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'quad' in WordNet: 4. quad, quadrangle - (a rectangular area surrounded on all sides by buildings)`
Super-classes	Courtyard^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Rectangle^c isAdjacentTo^op value Building^c isSurroundedHorizontallyBy^op min 2

Quadrilateral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quadrilateral`
Description	A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all four-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. `SUMO: Any four-sided Polygon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quadrilateral' in Wordnet: 1. quadrilateral, quadrangle, tetragon - (a four-sided polygon)`
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 4^c
Sub-classes	Parallelogram^c Trapezoid^c

Quadruped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quadruped`
Description	An Animal with four legs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quadruped' in Wordnet: 1. quadruped - (an animal especially a mammal having four limbs specialized for walking)`
Super-classes	Animal^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourLegs^c
Sub-classes	Turtle^c Crocodilian^c Lizard^c HoofedMammal^c BeastOfBurden^c Varmint^c

Quadruplet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quadruplet

Description

A ''Quadruplet'' is one of a Group of four ''BiologicalSibling''s born from the same mother in a single pregnancy (usually within one period of twenty-four hours).

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quadruplet' in WordNet:
      2. quadruplet, quad - (one of four children born at the same time from the same pregnancy)

Super-classes MalePerson^c
BiologicalSibling^c

Quaffing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quaffing`
Description	''Quaffing'' is a 'DrinkingEvent'' in which one or a small number of 'swallow's are taken in, quickly. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quaff' in WordNet: 1. gulp, quaff, swig - (to swallow hurriedly or greedily or in one draught; 'The men gulped down their beers')`
Super-classes	DrinkingEvent^c Swallowing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

Quaint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quaint

Description

''Quaint'' is a term used in several related senses, being unusual in various ways. This sense is for something that is pleasing to look at, in part due to its being uncommon.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'quaint' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) quaint - (strange in an interesting or pleasing way; 'quaint dialect words'; 
            'quaint streets of New Orleans, that most foreign of American cities')

Super-classes FrequencyAttributeValue^c
Strange^c

Qualification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Qualification`
Description	''Qualification'' is a subtype of ''Suitableness'' applying to a Person, with respect to some Position or Task, being the state of a Person who is ''Qualified'' for some job or task or responsibility. `The kind of 'qualification' that can be 'possessed' by a Person are, for example, 'Credentials' (degree, license) or experience, or a GPA or score on some test. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'qualification' in WordNet: 1. (8) qualification, making - (an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something; 'her qualifications for the job are excellent'; 'one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree'; 'she has the makings of fine musician')`
Super-classes	Suitableness^c
Restrictions	isPossessedBy^op only Person^c
Sub-classes	HavingaCollegeDegree^c

Qualified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Qualified`
Description	''Qualified'' is an AttributeValue of things that have attributes that 'qualify' them to do specific things because they conform to some criteria established by some authority. e.g. Having a driving license make one qualified to drive a vehicle Having related experience makes one qualified to be hired for a job. `See also related property'isSkilledAt' that does not require an authority to determine qualifcations. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'qualified' in WordNet: 1. (2) qualified - (meeting the proper standards and requirements and training for an office or position or task; 'many qualified applicants for the job')`
Super-classes	Suitable^c
Sub-classes	Eligible^c

Qualified-Limited^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Qualified-Limited

Description

''Qualified'' is an AttributeValue characterizing assertions or agreements to specify that they were not intended to be absolutely true without reservations.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'qualified' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) qualified - (limited or restricted; not absolute; 'gave only qualified approval')

Super-classes Limited^c

Qualified-Restricted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Qualified-Restricted

Description

''Qualified-Restricted'' (adjective 'qualified') is the attribute that characterizes words or phrases that have been limited or restricted in meaning.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'qualified' in WordNet:
         4. restricted, qualified - (restricted in meaning;
              (as e.g. 'man' in 'a tall man'))

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Qualifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Qualifying`
Description	''Qualifying'' is the attribute of a ''QualifyingAction''.
Super-classes	Beneficial^c

QualifyingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QualifyingAction`
Description	A ''QualifyingAction'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' in which a ''Person'' qualifies' for something - such as a position, advancement, a promotion, access, entry, or admission. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'qualifying' in WordNet: 2. passing, pass, qualifying - (success in satisfying a test or requirement; 'his future depended on his passing that test'; 'he got a pass in introductory chemistry')`
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Qualifying^c

Qualitative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Qualitative

Description

''"Qualitative'' describes qualities or attributes that are not expressed in quantitative terms.

    Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'qualitative' in Wordnet:
      1. (6) qualitative - (involving distinctions based on qualities;
          'qualitative change'; 'qualitative data'; 
          'qualitative analysis determines the chemical constituents of 
          a substance or mixture')
      2. qualitative - (relating to or involving comparisons based on qualities)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

QualitativeAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QualitativeAttributeType`
Description	QualitativeAttributeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for taste attributes and an argument restriction for some relations on QualitativeAttributeValues This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	AppearanceType^c CausativeAttributeType^c PatternType^c ProrityType^c YellowColorType^c PastParticipleType^c EmittableThingType^c AdjectiveType^c TasteType^c VitalityAttributeType^c IntensiveAttributeValueType^c ColorAttributeType^c PertainingAttributeValueType^c AdverbType^c PersonalityType^c
In domain of	hasAdverbialForm^op hasNominalForm^op indicatesConformanceTo^op
In range of	hasStateAfterChange^op isTheAdverbialFormOf^op hasStateBeforeChange^op isTheNominalFormOf^op doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute^op
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SuccessfullyAccomplished Incredibly HighReflectance TruthValue Joint Sensible KnownToBeFalse Immaculate Medium-Sized Brainwashed Ubiquitous VeryLarge Confidential Booming Fiber-Optic Heightened Localized Traumatic Disruptive Commercially Oddly Unmoved TolerantToStress Warm Restless Blameless Truthful Pregnant Grudgingly HelterSkelter Hygienic Grand Literal Unproductive Winding Retrospective ExhibitingBitterness Discretionary ShortDuration Pronounced Eastern Conspicuously Uneconomical Reigning Bourgeois Hereditary Contemporary Random QuantitativeTendency BrokenIntoPieces Paradoxically Hibernating Light-NotHeavy Kindly Islamist Imprisoned Forfeited Nerdy Precocious Semantic Classical UnusuallyHeavy External Forcibly Preparatory FirstOfTwo Irreversible Constituted Babyish Providential BornAgain Permissible Legal StrikingHeavy Pre-Season Divers Perceptibly Flawless Resistible Flammable Shiny Markedly Muddied Willingly Contingent SecureAndStable Slow-tempo Conditional Sore DivisibleByTwo Redundant Rusty Treacherous Roofed Moody Explosive Odorous Cheerily Captured Dim Popularized Dangerous Hypothetical Rightful Weedy Overnightly Harshly Tragically Dexterously Subtly Offended DressedUp Greasy Settled FarOut Flooded Accountable Perceivable Unuseable Crucial Onerous Hypocritical One-way Buried Dynamic Beleaguered Representational Cherished Habitual AheadInaCompetition Transitional ReadyToEat Disproportionately Unanimously Circulated PostWar Predominantly Scuffed Saccadic Clustered Legitimately Dorsal Worrisome Morose Chemical TightFitting Slippery Uninterruptedly Pornographic Experimental Wide-open Overboard Affordable Afraid Conclusive Astronomic Significantly Symbolic Uninformed Thereabout Medial Grassy Clastic Strategically Barefoot Erroneous Stiff DirectlyDownward Explicitly Unpublished Eastbound Showy Rigid Alienish Ajar Aqueous Impromptu NonConforming Daintily Vigilant Sleety Multinational Offhand Participating Sleeveless Trendy Ambidextrous Effective Officially Invincible Preoccupied HomeGrown Misleading Infertile Crowded Weathered Striped Roman Regular Roasting Amazed Unsuspecting Mildly Benevolent OppositeInNature Aquatic Acrid ShowingFavoritism Allotted Safe RedAndWhiteStriped Iraqi Intermediate Adjusted Concave Bipolar Inaccurate Disoriented Worthwhile Incredible Cooling Warring Hard-Pressed Miraculously Locked Loving Deplorably Uncomfortable Polluted Intrusive Faintly Patriarchal Permanent Disabled Rebellious AnimalAttributeValue Legitimate Insensible Shabby EvenTempered Higher Saturated Reassuring Upward Near Signed Stoned Venerable Delightful Atrophied Well-Founded Hectic Gusty Surreal HeatResistant Secretive Contrary Prickly PointyEnded Technically Consequential Humiliating Expressive Pluralistic Uninfluenced Borderline Dearly Prematurely-OfBirth Regular-Season Dutifully Predictable BrilliantlyColored Bent Noninvasive Accessible Gloved Transcendent Tipsy RoundTheClockly LongAndThin Synonymous Blurry Soluble Horned Detailed Flimsy Untroubled Complete Innately Amazing Imperfect Velvety Firstly Satisfied Psychologically OccurringNightly Cold Different SecondOfaSeries Aesthetical Ethnic Inner Free Ecclesiastical OutOfBreath Secular Left-Handed Edgewise Nascent GrowingAggressively Teeming Stuffed Dusty Akin Private Drunk Externally Exquisite Quiet Sympathetic Conductive Equitable Nutritious Privileged Discrete Resilient Incomplete Qualified-Limited Instantaneously FullLength Roundabout PsychologicallyWeighted Organic Articulate Statewide Flying Unionized Untasted Personally Odd Childlike Three-way Unsympathetic FalseInaContext Pristine FashionablyPopular Lebanese HavingaDeadBattery Verbal Clinically Clothed Burning Allied Perfect PartlyBlack Futile Lit Detrimental PassengersCarriedPerYear Complacent Chaotic Anemic EstablishedAsFact Ceaseless Unsettled Unfavorable Antiquated Discharged One-Week Inattentive Penetrable Hawaiian SpecificallyDescribed Visible Constitutionally Vaginal Undone Unbreakable DrugResistant Westward Timid Pious Fond Icy-unfriendly Separately Sporadic Carnivorous Indicative LongLegged Outward Moldy Intellectually Peverted Tidy FencedIn MindBoggling TropicLike Impartial AbsentMinded SyllableStress Crunchy Migratory LifeLong BehindInaCompetition Pedantic Colorful Concrete-Adj Equivalent Resolved-Determined Unbiased Assistant Imminent Atrocious NotDependent Ordinal Prompt Same Orphaned TrueOrFalse PositivelyCharged OfUniformComposition Repeatedly Contaminated Cheaply Mutual Major-league Preventive Angry Relieved PoliticallyLiberal Miscellaneous Deliberately Unnerving Vigorous FunctionalAttributeValue Circumstantial Youthful Unshaded Corny Alternatively Incomprehensible Vascular Edible Tentatively Absent Dizzy Ballistic Short Rosy Eventual Fraudulent Orbital-Eye Freckled Versatile Shy Normal Ecological Urgently Cheap Incoming Satisfying Regularly Voluntary DullEdged Pointed Regional Substantial Unlimited Briefly Unrestrained Promotional ModestInScale Digestive Sociable Judicial Somber Extensively Subterranean Movable Developmental Sharper Respectful Painstakingly Dissimilar Impossible Superficial Outwardly AbleToSpeakaLanguage SouthWestern Unique Lovable Acidic Six-month Magically Falling Terrestrial Excitedly Forgetful Complicit EstheticallyPleasing Musical Lean Hinged Manipulative Active-Effective Cordial Hotter Nasal Major Thrilling Unvarying SelfConscious Grumpy Firsthand High-Energy Considerable Respected Ornery AdverbOfManner Unfounded Liquid Unfamiliar Discursive Far-Reaching Parmesan Tempestuously Larger Inhospitable Introductory Extreme Typical Stolen Overblown Physical-Material Indigenous Sexually OverwhelminglySuccessful Best-selling Fluently HighPriority Forcefully Bitterly Malevolent Speculative Anticipatory Debatable Thoroughgoing Incendiary Isagelous Invariably Instinctive Parliamentary DisqualifiedForViolation Fungal Colloquially YearLong Anew Prostrate Ostentatious Renewed RuleBased Appealing EvenlyDivisible InSoFar Full-size Transcendental Even Avant-garde Bony GramPositive Right-Hand PrintedStyleOfWriting Underneath Principal Fanatical Specific SusceptibleToaDisease Classic Simultaneously Unknown Independently Threatened Valuable Psychedelic Operating Decentralized Pro-Life Beforehand Haunting Converted MostlyHorizontal Laid Necessary Thirdly Deficient Prematurely Reliably Theoretically Magnified Despairing Admirable Bewhiskered Soporific Silky Describable Titular Heavy RightHand StraightforwardAndSquare Bitter Vaguely Unanimous HavingTwoPoles Deaf Well-off Emeritus Foreboding Chopped Original Underlying PhysicallyFit Cynical Endless Ideological NonReal-World Neurotic Ineffective HavingAnInterest Visibly Public In-Depth Anti-depressant Inspiring Clandestine Rearview Gaudy OutOfSight Industrious Skeptical Concerned Monolithic Perspicuous Sedentary StressedOut BodyLocationAttribute Soothing Civilized Whopping Respectfully Undeniable Randy Neurological Growing Unwilling Chrome Wet Repulsive GramNegative Improving Overnight Innate Sinless Chaste Secondary Occupational Silent Topical Narrowly Unmindful Senior Promising Frayed Low Danish HalfBaked Mute SixYear Favorably Uptight Naive Unplayful Glittering Pale Difficult Thin Wearily Objectively Trivial Hospitable GrowingThickly Progressive Somewhat BodyLocalized Ten-Year-Old Randomly Spontaneous Positive Unofficial Homogeneous Aforementioned

QualitativeAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QualitativeAttributeValue`
Description	A QualitativeAttributeValue is the value of some AttributeType which is not expressed in quantitative measures. NOTE: without an objective quantitative measure, the meaning of many QualitativeAttributeValues can be very sensitive to context, in particular the type of thing that is being modified by the QualitativeAttributeValue, or the agent assigning the attribute (such as evaluative attributes - 'beauty is in the eye of the beholder'). @ToDO: it may be possible to specify some subtypes of QualitativeAttributeValue that are not context-sensitive (perhaps colors), but an analysis of this question has not yet (rev833) been performed. *COSMO/CYC note: In CYC attributes are represented by types representing things that have* those attributes ('ThingWithAttribute'). Computationally this provides two advantages, it keeps attributes as types, allowing subtypes, but also allows specifying implications of possessing a given attribute by relations on the 'ThingWithAttribute'. COSMO keeps attributes as conceptually separate from the 'ThingWithAttribute'. However, The Protege logic does not infer parent Attributes when a subattribute is attributed to something. That can be done in an FOL version. COSMO also has a type of 'ThingWithAttribute', and where needed a subtype with a particular attribute can be created to allow similar implications to those for CYC attributes. For certain types of implications, special relations can be created on AttributeValues that can specify such implications without creating the corresponding 'ThingWithAttribute' type. One example is: ''eventWithCauses'' to specify that an Event that has the subject attribute causes another Event. Also the relation ''perceivingCausesMentalEvent'' can be used with Objects as well as Events as the first (subject) argument, but the second (object) argument of the relation is restricted to a ''MentalEvent'' (such as an emotion). A ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' can be an attribute of an abstract thing or of a concrete physical object. NOTE that adjectives expressing qualities in English often have a nominalized form: 'Red-Redness' or 'Beautiful-Beauty'. When linguistically to 'have @Att-nom' (@Att-nom is the nominalized form of an attribute) is the same as 'to be @Att' where @Att is the adjectival form, the concept will be represented only once, usually in the adjectival form, and nominalized form needs to be referenced to the adjectival by the linguistic processor. Corresponds most closely to part of noun sense 1 of 'value'and includes noun sense 2 of 'attribute' in WordNet: 1. (73) value - (a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; 'the value assigned was 16 milliseconds') WN noun 'attribute': 2. (1) attribute - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity)
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Causative^c Ensuing^c Symmetric^c Hopeless^c Convicted^c LoadedDown^c Honest^c Asymptomatic^c Attributable^c Affected^c Yeast-Raised^c Laudatory^c Mountainous^c Left-Handed^c UpperCase^c PartlySoluble^c Marked^c Conductive^c AdverbialModifier^c Incomplete^c Unaware^c Blurry^c Soluble^c Shimmering^c Unionized^c Developing^c Ecumenical^c Unrelated^c Adaptive^c Irritable^c Angled^c Unmanageable^c Curmudgeonly^c ShortSleeved^c Terrene^c Swift^c Centrist^c Knowing^c Unsalted^c Honorary^c Slender^c LongSleeved^c Unsympathetic^c Negative^c LongLegged^c Susceptible^c Unknowing^c Unbalanced^c BreakabilityValue^c Anthropogenic^c Dyslexic^c Wistful^c Predicted^c Vascular^c Changing^c Short^c Seamless^c Retro^c Beta^c Six-Year-Old^c Effeminate^c Modern^c Branded^c Stressed^c WellTimed^c Face-to-face^c Struggling^c Untouched^c Outdated^c InaLeaningOrientation^c Unwise^c Informed^c Owed^c Unvarying^c Rear^c Shared^c Anaerobic^c Popular-ByThePeople^c Unclassified^c Unrestrained^c Verbose^c Inconvenient^c Hot^c Extreme^c Overblown^c Anticipatory^c Ultrasonic^c Respectable^c Hollow^c RuleBased^c Subtle^c Indirect^c Lofty^c Four-Year-Old^c Liquid^c Classic^c Compatible^c Invariable^c Frothy^c Available^c Original^c Underlying^c Unsure^c Unsuccessful^c Strained^c Preciseness^c Narrow^c Infested^c Unoriginal^c Stereophonic^c Systemic^c Seamed^c Unplayful^c Preferential^c Sparse^c Antitank^c Exigent^c Uneven^c LimitedAccess^c Delicate^c FinelyDivided^c Manageable^c Agreeable^c HavingEndurance^c Tearful^c Orderly^c Two-way^c Lifeless^c Prolonged^c Proactive^c Past^c Resourceful^c Readable^c Evocative^c Low-Keyed^c Instantaneous^c Insured^c Enclosed^c Seated^c Unarmed^c Overweight^c Two-Year-Old^c Unthinkable^c Gainful^c Back-to-Back^c Productive^c Sportsmanlike^c Insincere^c Parallel^c Temporary^c LongerThanWide^c Unseasoned^c Right-Side-Up^c Factious^c United^c Interrelated^c Tamed^c Fresh^c Taller^c Complimentary^c Seven-Year-Old^c Kosher^c NotExcessive^c Homosexual^c Collective^c Unlike^c Offensive^c Relative^c Foreign^c Returnable^c Talkative^c Unintended^c Blank^c Holy^c Effervescent^c Successful^c Guiding^c Exuberant^c Nonalcoholic^c Itchy^c Unused^c Disagreeing^c Viscous^c Carbonated^c Unreasonable^c Natural^c Nonfictional^c Reported^c Scaly^c Suggestive^c Joint^c TolerantToStress^c RenderedMusically^c Warm^c Electric^c Inscribed^c Abstemious^c EvaluativeAttribute^c Unproductive^c ShortDuration^c Shaded^c Wobbly^c Involuntary^c External^c Outright^c Framed^c Unpaid^c Winged^c Wireless^c Sore^c DirectedOpposite^c Honorable^c Dim^c Animate^c Tireless^c Elaborate^c Unqualified^c Aristocratic^c LastingForSomeTime^c OutOfPlace^c Shortened^c GrammaticalTense^c Appalling^c Five-Year-Old^c Divisive^c Dedicated^c Uncontrolled^c Internal^c OffDuty^c Submerged^c Computational^c Provocative^c Ambidextrous^c Correct^c Slippery^c Roasting^c Gradual^c Uninformed^c Greatest^c General^c Prior^c OfOppositeAttributes^c Unpublished^c NonReligious^c Tardy^c Adjustable^c Respective^c Easiness^c Locked^c VerticallySymmetrical^c Uncomfortable^c Westbound^c Polluted^c Identical^c LackingaFunction^c Expected^c Dismissive^c Humiliating^c Expressive^c Balsamic^c Authentic^c Synonymous^c Horned^c RaisedInValue^c Insightful^c ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute^c Gentle^c Near^c Cold^c ShapeAttribute^c Different^c ShortTerm^c Scaled^c ExhibitingAnger^c DevoidOfLife^c Vacant^c Bare^c TouchingGentle^c Quiet^c Prophetic^c HandHeld^c Secure^c Forked^c Harmless^c Undecidable^c Slimy^c BiologicalAttributeValue^c Lit^c Immediate^c Acquainted^c Stylish^c Managing^c Airy^c Wide^c Convertible^c HighBacked^c Occupied^c Related^c Pious^c Puffy^c Encouraging-Inspiring^c Poetic^c Replaceable^c Powerless^c Crunchy^c Magnetizable^c Particular^c SociallyCorrect^c NotAgainstSomeRule^c Energetic^c FirstDegree^c Sleepless^c Mutual^c Undone^c Unnatural^c Alternating^c Masterful^c Unshaded^c Substantial^c Unlimited^c Movable^c Falling^c Transoceanic^c Hinged^c Female^c Shamefaced^c Composting^c Unconvincing^c Heterogeneous^c Violent^c Immiscible^c Decidable^c Conventional^c Finished^c Heated^c ForProfit^c Common^c Nonlinear^c Ornery^c GramPositive^c NegativelyCharged^c Operating^c OutOfPractice^c Observant^c Describable^c OdorAttribute^c Unanimous^c Fraught^c Smoky^c Noncombustible^c Pro-Life^c Upcoming^c Satisfactory^c Frightening^c Addicted^c Candid^c Chopped^c Naive^c Spontaneous^c Exempt^c Three-point^c Starving^c Unconcealed^c Unplanned^c Homogeneous^c Aforementioned^c Leafy^c Failing^c Canned^c Published^c Variable^c Light-NotDark^c PriorityLevel^c Low^c Double-Digit^c MasculineGender^c Young^c Weak^c Disproportionate^c Inseparable^c Lumpy^c OnDuty^c Pervasive^c EngagedToBeMarried^c Unrealistic^c Two-time^c Listless^c Reputable^c Unpredictable^c Thick^c Soapy^c Rhymed^c Uncharged^c Immature^c Graduated^c SubstanceAttributeValue^c Tautological^c StillInProgress^c Time-Consuming^c Unable^c Convulsive^c DevelopmentalAttributeValue^c Provisional^c Sideways^c Succeeding^c CloseFitting^c Paradoxical^c TwoSided^c Enhanced^c InterveningInTime^c Asymmetric^c Incompatible^c Supporting^c Allergic^c Taken^c Relaxed^c Preceding^c Treeless^c Rhythmic^c Friendly^c Wasteful^c OpposedInMeaning^c One-time^c Unmarked^c Formative^c Direct^c HangsFromSomething^c Fragile^c Searing^c Alternative^c Indivisible^c Mindful^c Heterosexual^c Least^c AgainstSomeRule^c Bipartisan^c Artificial^c Supernatural^c Ornamental^c Unreturnable^c Immovable^c Warmness^c Downward^c Compensatory^c Inadvisable^c Unforeseeable^c Invasive^c Proprietary^c Dominant^c Waterproof^c Woody^c Acrylic^c Cyclic^c Wieldy^c Sharp^c Switched^c Mustachioed^c Constant^c Desirous^c Rocky^c Evasive^c High^c Imperceptible^c Guaranteed^c Balding^c Accelerated^c Synchronized^c Glowing^c Simultaneous^c Sustainable^c Keen^c Stale^c SuccessfullyAccomplished^c TruthValue^c NonConscious^c Unmoved^c Nonstick^c Restless^c Comforting^c Scant^c Unexpected^c Sonic^c Resulting^c Sex^c Random^c Unusual^c Medium-Sized^c Guarded^c Predatory^c Wooded^c Restrictive^c Preparatory^c VoiceCharacter^c NonVerbal^c ChemicallyBasic^c Supersonic^c StrikingHeavy^c Thermoplastic^c New^c Unfriendly^c Slow^c Contingent^c Pandemic^c Loud^c Rusty^c Explosive^c Laconic^c Hardbound^c Informal^c Floating^c One-way^c Buried^c Renewable^c Inactive^c Morose^c ElectricallyCharged^c LightColored^c Grassy^c Barefoot^c Unuseable^c Petty^c Ajar^c Aqueous^c Encouraging^c Representational^c Sleeveless^c Misleading^c Topless^c Preindustrial^c Unsuspecting^c Generic^c Mere^c Spoiled^c OppositeInNature^c Undisciplined^c Ambient^c Would-Be^c Impure^c PastParticiple^c Discouraging^c EvenTempered^c Exacting^c Prickly^c Complex^c Uninfluenced^c Decreased^c EvenInAmount^c Tender-Food^c Reflectance^c Dark^c Terrifying^c Unmarried^c Magnetic^c Reassuring^c Free^c OutOfBreath^c Timely^c LocatedOpposite^c Dilute^c Unforeseen^c Dependent^c PsychologicallyWeighted^c Plain^c Soft-Sound^c Explanatory^c Untasted^c Odd^c Bibulous^c Three-way^c Pristine^c InspiringHope^c OnOppositeSides^c Dormant-NotErupting^c Shameful^c OneOnOne^c Crusty^c Radicalish^c Outward^c Liberating^c Tight^c Smoked^c Burgeoning^c SyllableStress^c Migratory^c EventAttributeValue^c Concrete-Adj^c Unbiased^c Oppressive^c Intersectant^c Methodological^c Fruitful^c Miscellaneous^c ProneToAction^c Umbilical^c Youthful^c Stinging^c Lowered^c Melodic^c Deductible^c Indiscriminate^c Distinct^c InSitu^c Incoming^c Witty^c SweetlyPleasant^c Failed^c Scanty^c OfUniformComposition^c Unemotional^c Dissimilar^c FunctionalAttributeValue^c Murderous^c SexuallyPromiscuous^c Forgetful^c Receptive^c Unprepared^c ComparativeAttributeValue^c IcedWithFrosting^c Tall^c Altered^c Backward^c Developing-Formative^c DullEdged^c Inanimate^c Stuffy^c Mature^c Intoxicating^c NotUnreasonable^c Thoroughgoing^c Fast^c Dense^c Award-Winning^c Inherited^c Paired^c EvenlyDivisible^c Limited^c ResponsibleForAnAction^c Unfounded^c Unknown^c Concentrated^c MostlyHorizontal^c Subsequent^c Bewhiskered^c Soporific^c Titular^c Outgoing^c Hopeful^c Insensitive^c Eight-Year-Old^c Even^c Dear^c HavingAnInterest^c TasteAttribute^c Superseded^c Professional^c Converted^c Soothing^c GramNegative^c Overnight^c Idle^c Local^c Unmindful^c WeightedDown^c Rising^c Difficult^c Thin^c Progressive^c Ten-Year-Old^c Positive^c Consenting^c Loose^c Uniformed^c Transgender^c TrueInaContext^c Similar^c Hybrid^c Nontaxable^c Resonant^c Avoidable^c Saline^c Wild^c Watched^c Uncomplimentary^c Inadequate^c Cosmetic^c Cavernous^c PostModern^c Minced^c Off-site^c Dignified^c Deep^c Undignified^c OffPatent^c FunLoving^c Unanswered^c Fancy^c Addictive^c Investigative^c NonWoody^c Numb^c Self-Contained^c Bisexual^c Disorganized^c Indoor^c Igneous^c Protective^c Radioactive^c Longtime^c Deprecated^c Standoffish^c Missed^c ColorAttribute^c Dejected^c Impersonal^c Alpha^c Long^c Ahead^c Depressing^c InterveningInSpace^c Unselfconscious^c Right-Handed^c Sessile^c Decreasing^c Graceful^c Head-on^c DirectionalAttributeValue^c Shorter^c Nine-Year-Old^c Satirical^c Exaggerated^c Own^c Refreshing^c Sightless^c Floppy^c Raw^c Arboreal^c Blunt^c Inclined^c BurdenedWithWork^c Asocial^c Broke^c Troublesome^c Inexperienced^c Armored^c Watery^c Formal^c Inward^c Booming^c Heightened^c Clamorous^c Shallow^c Open-Ended^c Inclusive^c Abstract^c Miscible^c Pure^c OrderedAttributeValue^c Unprotected^c Uneconomical^c Custom-Made^c Inside-Out^c Hibernating^c Crumbling^c Indistinct^c Nonconductive^c Indecisive^c Outdoor^c Irreversible^c Pacifistic^c Deceitful^c ExistenceValue^c Hard-Working^c Nomadic^c Impermeable^c Elective^c Escalating^c Combustible^c Inhabited^c Relentless^c Bearded^c Noisy^c Subsidized^c Lightheaded^c Peaceful^c PreparedFoodAttribute^c Three-Year-Old^c Upright^c Singular^c LongArmed^c Blocking^c Forward^c Gloomy^c Erroneous^c Sleety^c State-Of-The-Art^c LooseFitting^c HomeGrown^c Known^c Infected^c Predictive^c Allotted^c Industrialized^c LowerCase^c Unconditional^c Reflective^c Unidentified^c PertainingAttributeValue^c Uncomplicated^c Well-Founded^c Predictable^c Noninvasive^c Hilly^c Crested^c Freelance^c Ironic^c Disappointing^c Complete^c Far^c Nagging^c Upward^c Nonprescription^c Self-Reported^c PartlyFilled^c Private^c Unspecified^c Exchangeable^c Unequal^c One-Sided^c FalseInaContext^c Mystical^c Makeshift^c Intrinsic^c Enticing^c Clumsy^c Plural^c Nonviolent^c Gothic^c Serious^c Stillborn^c Dismaying^c NonPortable^c Firm-Decisive^c Manned^c Masked^c Annoying^c Stereoscopic^c Overcrowded^c Recovered^c NotDependent^c Intractable^c PositivelyCharged^c Set^c Divine^c Rosy-Cheeked^c Approved^c Stressful^c LongNecked^c Rosy^c InFavor^c FrequencyAttributeValue^c Sensory^c Unbranded^c Stimulating^c MotionAttribute^c CurrentlyOperative^c Scatterbrained^c Planar^c Unlocked^c Foreseeable^c Flowering^c Overlapping^c Contentious^c Small^c Coarse^c Prehistoric^c Voluntary^c Complementary^c Voracious^c Passive^c Solid^c Forgotten^c Unmanned^c Isagelous^c Baggy^c Little-Known^c Indescribable^c Disconcerting^c Odds-on^c Disloyal^c Specific^c Psychedelic^c Masculine^c Truthful^c Uncommunicative^c Cool^c Undissolved^c Upside-Down^c Heavy^c Year-Old^c Strong^c NonReal-World^c Ready^c Conducive^c Precocious^c Committed^c Hallucinating^c Unavailable^c Improving^c Obstructive^c Effortful^c Sieved^c LocationAttribute^c Specified^c Isolated^c Opposed^c Public^c Unofficial^c Uninsured^c Equilateral^c Indefinite^c BornAgain^c Same-Sex^c Relinquished^c Strenuous^c Clustered^c Sobering^c Unambiguous^c Old^c DeviceState^c Daring^c OrderingRelation^c SelfLimited^c Forcible^c Contemptuous^c Recurring^c Special^c Sarcastic^c Restrained^c RearFacing^c Bespoke^c Indelible^c Intestate^c Limber^c Aquatic^c Intermediate^c Ill-defined^c Male^c DateStamped^c WeatherAttributeValue^c Dormant-NonGrowing^c Unpowered^c Reversible^c Extrinsic^c Sliced^c Billowy^c LoweredDown^c Harmonious^c Multilateral^c Open^c Gloved^c Unnoticed^c Paperbacked^c

QualitativePriceValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QualitativePriceValue`
Description	Each QualitativePriceValue represents some qualitative description of a price - mostly 'expensive', 'inexpensive' and related terms.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Affordable^c Expensive^c

QualitativelyOpposite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QualitativelyOpposite

Description

'QualitativelyOpposite' is an AttributeValue of something that is one of two conventionally paired qualities that are considered as contrasting, as male and female, light and dark; this AttributeValue is the one that is used to represent the sense of words that are 'opposite' in meaning, such as good and bad, right and wrong, success and failure, that are not included in 'LocatedOpposite' and 'DirectedOpposite'.

       this notion is expressed by the relation: 'isTheOppositeOf'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'opposite' in WordNet:
        4. (3) opposite - (the other one of a complementary pair; 
            'the opposite  sex'; 'the two chess kings are set up on squares 
            of opposite colors')

Super-classes Contrasting^c

Quality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quality`
Description	''Quality'' is the parent type for subtypes that express 'having an attribute' in nominalized form, usually labeled as the nominalized form of an adjective, or of some synonym of an adjective (where the nominalized form may be used to label something else). Thus ''Elegance'': isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute; (is the nominalized form of) attribute ''Elegant''. NOTE For various reasons it is easier to create logical relations among qualities and attributes when a ''Quality'' is interpreted as being a 'PersistentState''; something that has a Quality can be viewed as being in a ''PersistentState'' and therefore is the subject of that state. In effect to 'have' a Quality' is to 'Do' a Quality - a bit weird linguisticaly, but it works logically for the English language versus logic. Maybe there will be a better fit between the linguistics and the logic while still trying to differentiate a ''Quality'' from an ''Attributevalue''. Not yet obvious. Any suggestions?? Corresponds approximately (but see note above) to noun sense 1 of 'quality' and sense 3 of 'property' (no obvious difference) in WordNet: 1. (42) quality - (an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone; 'the quality of mercy is not strained' - Shakespeare) WN 'property': 3. (138) property - (a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; 'a study of the physical properties of atomic particles')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Instability^c Ethnicity^c UpToDateness^c Severity^c Lucidity^c Inelegance^c Worthiness^c Ingenuity^c Immorality^c Originality^c Stability^c Longevity^c Safeness^c Correctness^c Directness^c Inevitability^c Redness^c Imperfection^c Gender^c Responsiveness^c Volatility^c Practicality^c Appearance^c Ignorance^c Distinctiveness^c Goodness^c HavingAnAttribute^c Manhood^c Inoperability^c Popularity^c Elegance^c Somberness^c HealthyAppearance^c Whiteness^c Perceptibility^c Trait^c PoliticalCorrectness^c Inefficiency^c Durability^c LegalValidity^c Cleverness^c Unoriginality^c Lawfulness^c Changeability^c Aura^c ResponsivenessToStimuli^c Flawlessness^c Particularity^c ChemicalPurity^c Infidelity^c Helplessness^c Parenthood^c Commonality^c Multiplicity^c Uniqueness^c Unclearness^c Inconsistency^c Clarity^c Sustainability^c Responsibleness^c Incompetence^c Symmetry^c Combustibility^c Blackness^c Stamina^c Relativity^c Sinlessness^c Regularity^c BeingExtinct^c Porosity^c HavingaPrivilege^c PrecedenceInTime^c Richness^c Proximateness^c Saintliness^c

QualityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QualityType`
Description	''QualityType''is the type for ''Quality'' each subtype of which is a nominalized form of some adjective. See ''Quality'' and its subtypes for more indications of usage. NOTE that ''QualityType' is a subtype of ''EventType'' because things that have a quality may also be (some AttributeValue) e.g. to have symmetry is to be symmetric. NOTE For various reasons it is easier to create logical relations among qualities and attributes when a ''Quality'' is interpreted as being a 'PersistentState''; something that has a Quality can be viewed as being in a ''PersistentState'' and therefore is the subject of that state. In effect to 'have' a Quality' is to 'Do' a Quality - a bit weird linguisticaly, but it works logically for the English language versus logic. Maybe there will be a better fit between the linguistics and the logic while still trying to differentiate a ''Quality'' from an ''Attributevalue''. Not yet obvious. Any suggestions??
Super-classes	EventType^c AttributeTypeType^c
Sub-classes	PersonalityTraitType^c
Members	Immortality Particularity Equality Scintillation PrecedenceInTime Giftedness Richness Trait Alikeness Honorableness Traditionalism Nerviness Durability Distinctness Unclearness Stylishness Halo Unrighteousness Worthiness Somberness HealthyAppearance Originality Longevity Professionalism Inevitability Permeability Directness Redness Absorbency Injustice Vivacity Holiness Modernity Changeability ResponsivenessToStimuli Flawlessness Obscureness Impudence Responsiveness SpittingImage Inefficiency SocialStature Relativity Appearance ChemicalPurity Liveliness Guise Inequality Gloss Similarity Goodness Virtuosity Popularity Elegance Quality Untruthfulness Whiteness UpToDateness Shortcoming Parity Orthodoxy Sustainability Commonality Multiplicity Politeness Blackness Futility Unoriginality Rudeness Fruitfulness Porosity Matching Immediacy Glare Pleasantness Skill Variability Proficiency Responsibleness Incompetence Symmetry BeingObserved ImageFocus Stamina BeingEsteemed Equivalence Ethnicity Severity Lucidity Legality Resemblance Individuality Helplessness Assertiveness Ignorantness Uselessness Expertise Perceptibility Brightness Radiance AgentCapability Gender Imperfection Disparity Loophole Accountability Nobility LegalValidity MultipleSkills Incomprehensibility Ignorance Inequity Inelegance Inconsistency Immorality Clarity Maleness Rhyme Lawfulness Permanence Ambiguity Sheen Spiritedness Sinlessness

Quantifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quantifier`
Description	A Quantifier is some numerical or verbal value that specifies or restricts the numerical prefix for a QuantitativeAttributeValue. The simples arre numbers, suc as 3 in the distance measure {3 feet}. A quantifier can also be a range {2 to 4}, such has in{{2 to 4} feet}. A quantifier can also be a number with a variance {3 +- 1}, such has {{3 +- 1} feet}. A quantifier can be verbal, such as 'High', 'Medium' or 'Low' such as {High Intensity}. Quantifiers may have default variances. See: 'hasDefaultVariance' and 'ConfidenceInterval'.
Super-classes	Quantity^c
Sub-classes	DuctilityMeasure^c VerbalQuantifier^c Finite^c NumberRange^c MinimumNumber^c RelativeQuantity^c MaximumNumber^c Number^c ComplexQuantifier^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LessThan_1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NoneOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nothing

QuantifierType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantifierType`
Description	'QuantifierType' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Quantifier as their argument.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	FractionalPartOfaGroup Majority TwoOutOfThree LessThanFive PositiveRealNumber IrrationalNumber Minority LessThanHalf FractionalPartOfSomething FractionFrom0to1 FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance GreaterThanHalf

Quantifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quantifying`
Description	''Quantifying'' is a subtype of ''ReexpressingSomething'' in which some Phrase that vaguely refers to something that can be measured as a quantity (a ''VerbalQuantifier'') is replaced by a ''MeasurableQuantity''. `NOTE: this sense of 'measure' does not apply to any use of measuring equipment; it is only a restatement of some less quantified statement. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'quantify' in WordNet: 2. quantify, measure - (express as a number or measure or quantity; 'Can you quantify your results?')`
Super-classes	ReexpressingSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op value MeasurableQuantity^c hadChangedEntity^op value VerbalQuantifier^c

Quantitative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quantitative

Description

''"Quantitative'' describes things - methods or results - that are asociated with ''Measuring'' or ''Quantity''.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and2 of 'quantitative' in Wordnet:
        1. (9) quantitative - (expressible as a quantity or relating 
           to or susceptible of measurement; 'export wheat without quantitative 
           limitations'; 'quantitative analysis determines the amounts and
           proportions of the chemical constituents of a substance or mixture')
        2. (1) quantitative - (relating to the measurement of quantity;
              'quantitative studies')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

QuantitativeAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantitativeAttributeType`
Description	QuantitativeAttributeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for QuantitativeAttributes (length, mass), and an argument restriction for various relations on AttributeType types. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	IncreaseType^c
Members	BirthRate MuscleStrength Numerous ConfidenceInterval LegalSpeedLimit AvailableQuantity FortifiedWithAlcohol Measurement DuctilityMeasure DimensionalityValue PhysicalExtent Percentage Monetary Amount NumericalCorrelation StatisticalRange VerbalQuantitativeAttribute PercentEffectiveness LargeIndefiniteQuantity Amplitude Precision AccelerationRate PercentageAttributeValue PartCardinalityValue RadioFrequencyBand Untold PeakValue Leeway RateOfDescent CardinalityValue LimitingValue Plurality RelativeQuantity GaussianOneSigma EfficiencyValue Limit Pace EfficiencyPercentage Another UniformRange WaveIntensityMeasure Median IndefiniteQuantity Contrast SimpleRange Finite MeasuredQuantity IncidenceRate StatisticalMeasure MeasurementUncertainty PhysicalQuantity ComparativeMagnitude RatioQuantity ArmMuscleStrength MusicalTempo CorrelationCoefficient ObjectCardinalityValue Inevitable MeasurableQuantity DesiredQuantity UnitOfMeasure Infinite QuantitativeAttributeValue Multitude AsymmetricRange GarmentSizeValue TerminalVelocity ValueRange Extent DifferenceValue PositionalUncertainty Countless AlcoholContent ResourceRatio

QuantitativeAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantitativeAttributeValue`
Description	A QuantitativeAttributeValue is a value for some AttributeType which is expressed in quantitative measures, usually consisting of a quantifier and a unit of measure; however, this general type includes not only the traditional two-element measure ('2 feet', '50 degreesC'), but also measure structures that may include related information, e.g. a 'VaporPressure' is structured as a ListPair containing a temperature (at which a pressure is measured) and the PressureMeasure of the substance at that temperature. For pure pairs of numbers and UnitsOfMeasure, use the subtype 'MeasurableQuantity' or (for traditional physical units) use 'PhysicalQuantity'. Examples (using the ESKIF format) are {10 feet} and {32 degreesF}. In formalisms such as OWL that do not have function terms or higher-arity relations, each such QuantitativeAttributeValue must be constructed as an instance that has relations pointing to the quantifier and the UnitOfMeasure. In OWL, where bare numbers are not allowed as labels for elements, the numbers in COSMO are represented using the NamespacePrefix 'N' in front of the number, such as 'N_10' (for 10) (for a range) R_29-30. Each instance of QuantitativeAttributeValue is an 'OrderedPair', the first element of which is a Quantifier (or QuantifierType) and the second element a UnitOfMeasure. A QuantifierType is allowed as a value in order to represent reified ranges of values. See 'GreaterThanHalf' for an example. When an instance of QuantitativeAttributeValue is represented by creating a reified instance, the UnitOfMeasure and the quantifier are specified by using the relations 'hasUnit' and 'hasQuantifier' to specify , respectively. . If an implementation allows use of functions, a QuantitativeAttributeValue can be represented, without reification in the ontology, as a function term such as {25.6 feet} or {N_25.6 feet}, depending on whether the implementation allows bare numbers in expressions. The NamespacePrefix 'N_' can be used for numbers, and 'R_' can be used for NumberRanges. [NOTE the use of curly brackets for this notation, where the traditional function term is the second rather than the first element] Corresponds most closely to part of noun sense 1 of 'value'and includes noun sense 2 of 'attribute' in WordNet: 1. (73) value - (a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; 'the value assigned was 16 milliseconds') WN noun 'attribute': 2. (1) attribute - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity)
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c OrderedPair^c
Sub-classes	IndefiniteQuantity^c NumericalCompassDirection^c MeasuredQuantity^c GranularityValue^c Measurement^c PhysicalQuantity^c TwoArgumentValue^c CardinalityValue^c MeasurableQuantity^c DimensionalityValue^c StatisticalRange^c RateMeasure^c ValueRange^c DifferenceValue^c Approximate^c MeasurementUncertainty^c VaporPressureGroup^c AsymmetricRange^c EfficiencyValue^c Limit^c MuscleStrength^c AvailableQuantity^c Untold^c DesiredQuantity^c Extent^c PositionalUncertainty^c UniformRange^c VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c Median^c PercentageAttributeValue^c SimpleRange^c UnitRatio^c ConfidenceInterval^c GaussianOneSigma^c GarmentSizeValue^c VoltageMeasure^c
In range of	hasMaximumDistance^op hasLimitValue^op hasQuantityUnit^op

QuantitativeData^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantitativeData`
Description	''QuantitativeData'' is a subtype of '''Data'' (a Group of one or more ''Datum''s) produced by ''Measuring'', that describes some ''BandOfValues'' with quantitative attributes pertaining to some measurable Entity(s). `Using the term ''BandOfValues'' means that the values are related in some way, usually by pertaining to the same object(s) being measured. This needs to be elaborated in more detail. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'data' in Wordnet: 1. (76) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data')`
Super-classes	Data^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Measuring^c describes^op some BandOfValues^c

QuantitativeDifference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantitativeDifference`
Description	A 'QuantitativeDifference is a 'Difference' between two commensurate quantities. This type of 'Difference' is itself an OrderedPair, but the quantities may be substracted to get a single number, 'NumericalDifference', which may be a pure number or a measure in some units. The first element and second element of a 'QuantitativeDifference' are related by the relations 'isLessThanByQuantity' and 'isMoreThanByQuantity', depending on which is larger and the order of comparison of the elements. Those relations are compacted ternary relations, giving the two element and their difference; to use them perspicuously will require an FOL expresion to point out that the second element of 'QuantityAndDifference' is the same as the 'NumericalDifference' referenced here. This convoluted set of relations is an attempt to covera ll the linguistic uses of 'difference'. For the actual numerical difference between the second and first elements, use 'NumericalDifference' No exact correspondence in WordNet, but this corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'difference': in WordNet: 1. (77) difference - (the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 'there are many differences between jazz and rock')
Super-classes	Difference^c
Restrictions	haveNumericalDifference^op some NumericalDifference^c
In domain of	haveNumericalDifference^op

QuantitativeTendency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantitativeTendency`
Description	Each 'QuantitativeTendency' specifies in quantitative terms what is likely to happen to some Entity under certain circumstances. The Laws of Nature (physics, chemistry, biology) can be described in detail using this AttributeValue (e.g. for how a PhysicalObject may behave, or how a Substance may react with other substances). A fully specified 'QuantitativeTendency' asserted for some Entity will relate: the Situation in which the tendency is manifested, the 'SituationProcessEventOrState' or the 'Change' that may occur as a result of the Tendency if that Entity in that Situation, the Probability with which that 'SituationProcessEventOrState' or the 'Change' will occur. If the 'QuantitativeTendency' is intended to express a 'LawOfNature', it may also have some 'Equation' used to represent the quantitative relation among the entities. Use the relation 'isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation' to specify any 'MathematicalRepresentation' (one or more Equations) that express the 'QuantitativeTendency'. If the QuantitativeTendency is a manifestation of a 'LawOfNature', one may use the relation 'manifestsLawOfNature' to specify a named instance of 'LawOfNature' that the 'QuantitativeTendency' describes. @ToDo (v0.66) : a more detailed, or different structure of 'QuantitativeTendency' may be elaborated. This version has has not yet been tested (rev1003).
Super-classes	Tendency^c
Restrictions	hasProbability^op some Probability^c hasLikelyActionOrChange^op some EventType^c hasSituation^op some SituationProcessEventOrState^c
In range of	isManifestedInTendency^op

Quantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quantity`
Description	Quantities can be numbers (integer, real, imaginary) or number ranges or approximate numbers, or distributions, or restricted ranges (greater than or less than), or PhysicalQuantities, which are measures, or even ''PhysicalObject''s that serve as a quantitative measure (e.g. ''Load''). The type ''Quantity'' is not disjoint with any other type. Numbers may have different qualitative dimensions (scales), and quantitative comparisons will generally only be meaningful when two numbers are expressed on the same scale. This also includes some verbal 'quantities' that are vaguely defined but some notion of an amount of something - see ''Load''. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 1. (27) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify)`
Sub-classes	Average^c Quantum^c NumericalDifference^c LargeQuantity^c Quantifier^c Divisor^c MeasurableQuantity^c Dividend^c MathematicalQuantity^c IndefiniteQuantity^c Ratio^c
In domain of	isLessThan^op isWithinaFactorOfTwoOf^op isApproximatelyEqualTo^op isWithinAnOrderOfMagnitudeOf^op isEquivalentTo^op isLessThanOrEqualTo^op isAlmostTheSameAs^op
In range of	isGreaterThan^op isWithinaFactorOfTwoOf^op isApproximatelyEqualTo^op hasComparedQuantity^op isWithinAnOrderOfMagnitudeOf^op hasDifference^op isAlmostTheSameAs^op isEquivalentTo^op isLessThanOrEqualTo^op isLessThan^op

Quantity-Vector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quantity-Vector`
Description	CYC: A collection of all the various vectors. The most important specialization of this collection is #$VectorInterval. For an explanation of vectors please consult that constant. `This is for a quantity that is represented as an ordered linear array of values, each representing a value in some dimension. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vector' in WordNet: 1. (13) vector - (a variable quantity that can be resolved into components)`
Super-classes	NTupleOfIntervals^c
Sub-classes	VectorInterval^c

QuantityAndDifference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantityAndDifference`
Description	each 'QuantityAndDifference' represents the two implied non-domain arguments the relation 'isMoreThanByQuantity' and 'isLessThanByQuantity' (which see). This is an awkward way to represent what is a simple FOL function. The second quantity being compared (the base quantity) is pointed to by the relation 'hasComparedQuantity', and the difference of the two quantities is pointed to by the relation 'hasDifference'. Most closely relates to the meaning of WordNet noun sense 5 of 'difference' as a quantitative measure; the difference is in the 'QuantityAndDifference' object of the relation. in WordNet: 5. remainder, difference - (the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend)
Super-classes	TwoArgumentValue^c
Restrictions	hasDifference^op some (Quantity^c or QuantitativeAttributeValue^c or Quantity^c or QuantitativeAttributeValue^c) hasComparedQuantity^op some (Quantity^c or QuantitativeAttributeValue^c or Quantity^c or QuantitativeAttributeValue^c)
In domain of	hasComparedQuantity^op hasDifference^op
In range of	isLessThanByQuantity^op isMoreThanByQuantity^op

QuantityGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantityGroup`
Description	A Group consisting exclusively of '''Quantity''s.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Quantity^c

QuantityOfEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantityOfEnergy`
Description	QuantityOfEnergy is some finite quantity of energy, which is relativistically equivalent to some quantity of mass, and is therefore a subtype of PhysicalObject. Each 'QuantityOfEnergy' is therefore an Object consisting of some quantity of the substance 'Energy'. This can be used to represent quantities such as kilowatt-hours of electricity consumed or produced; or the work required to do some physical task such as lifting a weight; or some number of calories. This is not a Measure, which is a quantity, which is an AbstractEntity. This is some specific quantity of energy, such as the quantity held in some chemical form. The measure of this quantity would be the PhysicalQuantity 'EnergyMeasure'. The datatype relation 'hasMassEquivalent' provides a simple was to specify the conversion tothe mass equivalent. This is highly specialized. For Energy generically see 'Energy'. This representation is analogous to that of 'Money' to a substance, where a quantity of Money is a 'QuantityOfMoney'. Each 'QuantityOfEnergy' is a 'ValuableThing' becuase it can be useful in accomplishing desirable work, and because it may be sold by a power company or cost money (when purchased as electricity). Approximately equivalent to WordNet 'Energy' sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (86) energy - ((physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; 'energy can take a wide variety of forms')
Super-classes	EmittableObject^c PhysicalObject^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	containsAbstractSubstance^op value Energy^c hasMonetaryValue^op some MoneyMeasure^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalQuantum^c HighEnergy^c
In domain of	hasMassEquivalent^dp

QuantityOfMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantityOfMoney`
Description	A 'MoneyObject' is any amount of money in any currency. This type is a subtype of Object, and can behave like an Object in transfers of Money; it is one of the domains of 'hadObjectMoved'. *NOTE the difference between 'MoneyMeasure' and this 'QuantityOfMoney': they both look like an amount of money, and the intuitive difference is subtle, but they are logically different. This 'QuantityOfMoney' is an 'Object' that can be transferred, but a 'MoneyMeasure' is an AttributeValue that can be asserted about a 'QuantityOfMoney' but can also relate to a 'price' or 'value' of other Objects. Each 'QuantityOfMoney' fillsTheRole of 'Asset' for some Agent. Corresponds to FIBO 'money amount' : fibo-fnd-acc-cur;MoneyAmount skos-definition: A sum of money. skos-editorialNote: This is an actual sum of money, not the measure of a sum of money in monetary units, although it has the same basic properties (decimal number with a currenct unit). Update 14 June 2011: Renamed from 'Monetary Amount' to 'Money Amount' to make this perhaps clearer. This term here should not be the Referenceable Archetype used to denote monetary amounts as a measure. ACTION: Across the model, all references to 'Money Amount' (which was called 'Monetary Amount' when these were entered), so be the abstract quantity 'Monetary Amount'. The sense of 'sum' is as in 'a tidy sum' meaning a tidy sum of money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sum' and sense 1 of 'sum_of_money'in WordNet: 1. (12) sum, sum of money, amount, amount of money - (a quantity of money; 'he borrowed a large sum'; 'the amount he had in cash was insufficient')
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value MoneyMeasure^c canServeInRole^op value Asset^c
Sub-classes	DeductibleExpenditure^c FundingMoney^c LargeAmountOfMoney^c Appropriation^c Allowance^c CurrencyObject^c Fund^c OwnedMoney^c Expenditure^c

QuantityOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantityOfSomething`
Description	A ''QuantityOfSomething''is an ''Object'' that has some associated measure of the amount of stuff (mass or volume of substance or number of objects) of the consituent Substance(s) (Including Information and money, which have zero mass and volume) or Objects. This is a hybrid aggregate of Object and Group that has several possibly associated quantitative measures (mass, volume, number, all of which can be zero) all of which are optional so that a generic 'quantity of something' can be represented and used with other types when the quantities one wants to refer to can be of different types. This may be measured by some ''MeasurableQuantity'' (a ''QuantitativeAtributeValue''). This is used to represent the specific quantity of substance or objects that may or may not be in a 'container' of some kind - which could even be a shape such as a ''Bar'' (see ''BarOfStuff'' and its subtypes) NOTE: a 'WrappedBar' could also be a ''WrappedPackage''. Quantities of materials suitable for transportation are represented in several different ways in COSMO; Package - WrappedPackage (with wrapping,not in a container) WrappedBarOfStuff (contents = BarOfStuff) ContainerAndContents - Block (no package - mass is enough) subtype: BarOfStuff - StructuralBeam Each of these may have associated with it an explicit description of the quantity of the materials: If the 'something' is a substance, use ''consistsMostlyOfSubstance'' - SubstanceType MassOfSubstance - hasMass - MassMeasure VolumeOfSubstance (if gas, need @density: hasDensityMeasure) hsVolume - VolumeMeasure NOTE: alternative to DensityMeasure: Specifying both Mass and Volume implies density If a NumberOfObjects: hasComponentElement ObjectType owl:cardinality PositiveInteger
Super-classes	Group^c Object^c
Restrictions	hasMass^op only MassMeasure^c hasComponentElement^op only ObjectType^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op only SubstanceType^c hasQuantifier^op only Quantifier^c hasVolume^op only VolumeMeasure^c
Sub-classes	LotsOfInformation^c EightChocolateBars^c Subtrahend^c Minuend^c

QuantityOfStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantityOfStuff`
Description	A ''QuantityOfStuff'' is any measurable quantity (of countable objects or of a substance), used to answers questions like: 'how many boxes are left?' 'how much sugar should I put into your coffee?' `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'measure', sense 3 of 'amount' and sense 1 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify)`
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op only Measurement^c
Sub-classes	En-Typesetting^c ApproximateQuantity^c AvailableAmount^c

QuantityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuantityType`
Description	A ''QuantityType'' is a metatype whose insances are quantities that are not intended to be used as ''AttributeValue''s
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	QuantityOfStuff En-Typesetting AvailableAmount Deluge ApproximateQuantity Dab Smidgeon Insufficiency SmallAmount Quantum Mouthful Nibble PalletLoad ACouple LargeQuantity Tad OneBite Paucity

Quantum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quantum

Description

A ''Quantum'' is a small ''Quantity'' of something, used metaphorically to reference the '''PhysicalQuantum'' of quantum theory.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quantum' in WordNet:
         1. quantum - (a discrete amount of something that
             is analogous to the quantum in quantum theory)

Super-classes Quantity^c

Quarantining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quarantining`
Description	`?hasIntendedResultOrProduct - Insulating? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quarantine' in WordNet: 1. quarantine - (place into enforced isolation, as for medical reasons; 'My dog was quarantined before he could live in England') WN noun 'quarantine': 2. quarantine - (isolation to prevent the spread of infectious disease)`
Super-classes	Precaution^c Isolating^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value SpreadingOfaPathogen^c causes^op value BeingQuarantined^c

Quark^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quark

Description

A ''Quark'' is one of ''SubAtomicParticle''s that make up an ''AtomicNucleus''. It is a specialization of #$Nucleon. These objects have wierd properties, non-integral charge, and come in six types, only two of which are actually found in atomic nuclei.. Protons and neutrons have different numbers of the two types. THe WN gloss says 'not observed', but many experiments showing tracks of quarks leave their existence in no doubt.

      Wikipedia: Quarks have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge,
         mass, color charge, and spin. They are the only elementary particles 
         in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental 
         interactions, also known as fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravitation, 
         strong interaction, and weak interaction), as well as the only known particles 
         whose electric charges are not integer multiples of the elementary charge.

        There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, strange, charm,
            bottom, and top.[4] Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. 
            The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks 
            through a process of particle decay: the transformation from
            a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Because of this, 
            up and down quarks are generally stable and the most common in the universe, 
            whereas strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks can only be produced 
            in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and
            in particle accelerators). For every quark flavor there is a corresponding 
            type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, that differs from the quark 
            only in that some of its properties (such as the electric charge) 
            have equal magnitude but opposite sign.


          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quark' in WordNet:
              1. quark - ((physics) hypothetical truly fundamental particle 
                in mesons and baryons; there are supposed to be six flavors of 
                quarks (and their antiquarks), which come in pairs; each has an 
                electric charge of +2/3 or -1/3; 
                'quarks have not been observed directly but theoretical predictions 
                based on their existence have been confirmed experimentally')

Super-classes SubAtomicParticle^c

Quarreling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quarreling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quarrel' in WordNet: 1. (11) quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate - (have a disagreement over something; 'We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America'; 'These two fellows are always scrapping over something') WN noun 'quarrel': 1. (2) quarrel, wrangle, row, words, run-in, dustup - (an angry dispute; 'they had a quarrel'; 'they had words')`
Super-classes	DisputeEvent^c
Sub-classes	Feuding^c

Quarry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quarry`
Description	A ''Quarry'' is an open pit where quantities of ''Stone'' (including slate and marble) are obtained by drilling or blasting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quarry' in Wordnet: 2. pit, quarry, stone pit - (a surface excavation for extracting stone or slate; 'a British term for 'quarry' is 'stone pit'')`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c HoleInTheGround^c FixedStructure^c UsefulSource^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Stone^c

Quart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quart

Description

English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a UnitedStatesGallon.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quart' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) quart - (a United States liquid unit equal to 32 fluid ounces; 
          four quarts equal one gallon)

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

Quarter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quarter`
Description	A US coin that represents twenty-five cents in US currency. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quarter' in Wordnet: 10. quarter - (a United States coin worth one fourth of a dollar; 'he fed four quarters into the slot machine')`
Super-classes	Coin^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwentyFiveCentsUS^c

QuarterPart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuarterPart

Description

Each 'QuarterPart' is a Part of something that has been divided (possibly just mentally) into four parts, which are roughly equal in some dimension of size or importance. One can have a 'QuarterPart' of a pound of butter, a 'QuarterPart' of some group, a 'QuarterPart' of some abstract object like a circle, or a 'QuarterPart' of a game, among other things that can be divided. See also 'OneFourth' for the number 1/4.

   Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'quarter' in WordNet:
      1. (7) one-fourth, fourth, quarter, fourth part, twenty-five percent, quartern -
        (one of four equal parts; 'a quarter of a pound')

Super-classes Part^c

Quarterback^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quarterback

Description

A ''Quarterback'' is an ''FootballBack'' who participates in a Football game by accepting the football from the Center at the start of a play and then doing any of various maneuvers to advance the ball down the field,

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quarterback' in WordNet:
         1. (6) quarterback, signal caller, field general - ((football)
            the person who plays quarterback)

Super-classes FootballPlayer^c

Quartet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quartet`
Description	A Quartet is a Group containing exactly four elements. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quartet' in Wordnet: 3. quartet, quartette, quadruplet, quadruple - (a set of four similar things considered as a unit)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 4^c
Sub-classes	LinearlyOrderedTrio^c OrderedQuartet^c

Quartz^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quartz`
Description	Any mineral that is pure or almost pure crystalline SiliconDioxide, possibly with color-imparting impurities. For the pure sbstance use ''PureQuartz''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quartz' in WordNet: 2. quartz - (a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value SiliconDioxide^c
Sub-classes	Chalcedony^c PureQuartz^c

Quasar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quasar`
Description	CYC: This is the collection of quasars. Quasars are intensely bright, almost stellar objects of tiny volume embedded in a very complex and diffuse galactic medium. They are all at least 1 billion light-years from the Earth. Although they aren't much bigger than the Earth's solar system, Quasars produce 100 times as much light as a galaxy comprised of tens of billions of stars. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quasar' in WordNet: 1. quasar, quasi-stellar radio source - (a starlike object that may send out radio waves and other forms of energy; many have large red shifts)`
Super-classes	OuterSpaceObject^c
Restrictions	emits^op value RadioWave^c

QuaternaryFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuaternaryFunction`
Description	The Class of Functions that require exactly four arguments. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation
Super-classes	LogicalFunction^c QuintaryRelation^c

Quaver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quaver`
Description	A ''Quaver'' is a ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' that represents a note to be held for a time that is one-eighth of a note at the indicated speed of the musical piece. `NOTE: this is the abstract symbol, not the sound of the note. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quaver' in WordNet: 2. eighth note, quaver - (a musical note having the time value of an eighth of a whole note)`
Super-classes	MusicalNoteSymbol^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value EighthNote^c

Quavering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quavering

Description

''Quavering'' is a manner of ''Vocalizing'' that may or may not be part of a singing Action,in which the pich or intensity of the voice alternates multiple times.

       The sound emitted (a 'quaver') is not yet represented.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quaver' in WordNet:
           1. quaver, waver - (give off unsteady sounds, alternating in amplitude or frequency)

Super-classes Vocalizing^c

Queen-ChessPiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Queen-ChessPiece

Description

Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess queen.

       Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'queen' in WordNet:
         8. queen - ((chess) the most powerful piece)

Super-classes ChessPiece^c

Queen-HeadOfGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Queen-HeadOfGovernment`
Description	The Queen of a country and the #$HeadOfGovernment of that country. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'queen' in WordNet: 2. (4) queen, queen regnant, female monarch - (a female sovereign ruler)`
Super-classes	Queen-HeadOfState^c HeadOfGovernment^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value Government^c typicallyManages^op value Monarchy^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QueenVictoria http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QueenElizabethII

Queen-HeadOfState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Queen-HeadOfState`
Description	The queen of a country which is usually a monarchy and always a kingdom. `The Queen of the UK is a 'Queen-HeadOfState' but not a 'Queen-HeadOfGovernment' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'queen' in WordNet: 2. (4) queen, queen regnant, female monarch - (a female sovereign ruler)`
Super-classes	FemalePerson^c MemberOfTheNobility^c MemberOfRoyalty^c Monarch-HeadOfState^c
Sub-classes	Queen-HeadOfGovernment^c

Queen-TheCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Queen-TheCard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'queen' in WordNet: 7. queen - (one of four face cards in a deck bearing a picture of a queen)`
Super-classes	PlayingCard^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value DeckOfCards^c
Sub-classes	QueenOfHearts^c

QueenOfHearts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QueenOfHearts`
Description	''QueenOfHearts'' is a subtype of ''Heart-TheCard'', the one of thirteen such cards called the 'Queen'.
Super-classes	Queen-TheCard^c Heart-TheCard^c

QueenOfInsectColony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QueenOfInsectColony`
Description	`in WordNet: 1. (16) queen - (the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs)`
Super-classes	Insect^c FemaleAnimal^c

QueenOfSpades^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QueenOfSpades`
Description	''QueenOfSpades'' is a subtype of ''Spade-TheCard'', the one of thirteen such cards called the 'Queen'.
Super-classes	Spade-TheCard^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Spades^c

QueenTheKingsWife^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QueenTheKingsWife

Description

A woman who is called 'Queen' because she is or was married to a King, rather than being a monarch in her own right.

     Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'queen' in WordNet:
       3. (1) queen - (the wife or widow of a king)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
MemberOfTheNobility^c
MemberOfRoyalty^c

Quelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quelling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quell' in WordNet: 1. (3) squelch, quell, quench - (suppress or crush completely; 'squelch any sign of dissent'; 'quench a rebellion') WN houn 'quelling': 3. suppression, crushing, quelling, stifling - (forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority; 'the suppression of heresy'; 'the quelling of the rebellion'; 'the stifling of all dissent')`
Super-classes	SuppressingActivity^c Repression^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ViolentAction^c hadAffectedAgent^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c

Quest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quest`
Description	A ''Quest' is a ''Searching'' that is more determined and prolonged, with an objective that is not obviously achievable. The characteristic that differentiates a COSMO ''Quest'' from other ''Searching'' Actions is that it is ''Difficult'' and ''Prolonged''. The restriction requires that instances must specify what is sought. `RHW noun 'quest': 1. a search or pursuit made in order to find or obtain something: a quest for uranium mines; a quest for knowledge. includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'quest' in WordNet: 1. (1) pursuit, pursuance, quest - (a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria; 'the pursuit of love'; 'life is more than the pursuance of fame'; 'a quest for wealth') 2. quest, seeking - (the act of searching for something; 'a quest for diamonds')`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c Searching^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prolonged^c hadObjectPursued^op some ValuableThing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c

Question^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Question`
Description	A 'Question' is a Sentence that explicitly requests information on a particular topic. This is a linguistic Phrase, consisting of Words. The meaning represented by a Sentence would be an instance of Proposition, but Propositions that represent questions are not yet (rev811) represented in COSMO. The CYC class 'Query' seems to represent this : CYC 'Query' The illocutionary force associated with a querying act. The speaker's ultimate goal may be either to learn the information or to test the knowledge of the agent queried. 'Speaker' and 'listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo. See also #$IllocutionaryForce, #$RequestingInformation. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'question' in WordNet: 3. (9) question, interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence - (a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply; 'he asked a direct question'; 'he had trouble phrasing his interrogations')
Super-classes	RequestContent^c Sentence^c
Sub-classes	LogicalQuery^c

Question-IBT^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Question-IBT

Description

COSMO note: this is the content of a question, not the act of asking a question.

      Cyc:  The collection of all instances of
        #$InformationRequest-IBT which take the form of a question.
        This collection includes yes/no questions, questions that
        ask for bindings (e.g. beginning with 'Who',
        'What' or 'When') and questions that ask
        for descriptions or explanations (e.g. 'How' or 'Why')

Super-classes InformationRequest-IBT^c

QuestionAnswerPair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuestionAnswerPair`
Description	A 'QuestionAnswerPair' is an OrderedPair of Linguistic Strings, one of which is a Question and the other of which is an AnswerPhrase. The AnswerPhrase may not be a full Sentence, it may be elliptical, assuming the QuestionString for its comprehension.
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some Question^c hasSecondElement^op some AnswerPhrase^c

Questionable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Questionable`
Description	''Questionable'' is a subtype of ''Doubtful'' (a greater-than-zero but less than 1 'VerbalProbability'), an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that may be true, but for which there are reasons to doubt it This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0 to 0.30. Because things that are unlikely may not in fact be possible, even the one-in-a-billion lower limit of 'possible' is too high, so this is not a subtype of 'Possible'. If something is possible but unlikely, both attributes can be used, as the ranges overlap, and the overlap will represent the resulting range. Includes all 3 senses of 'unlikely' and all 3 senses of improbable' in WordNet: 1. (6) improbable, unlikely - (not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred; 'legislation on the question is highly unlikely'; 'an improbable event') 2. (5) unlikely - (has little chance of being the case or coming about; 'an unlikely story'; 'an unlikely candidate for reelection'; 'a butcher is unlikely to preach vegetarianism') 3. improbable, unbelievable, unconvincing, unlikely - (having a probability too low to inspire belief) WN adj 'improbable': 3. improbable, marvelous, marvellous, tall - (too improbable to admit of belief; 'a tall story')
Super-classes	Doubtful^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.49^c

QuestionableInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuestionableInformation`
Description	''QuestionableInformation'' is the class of ''AbstractDocument''s (including ''AbstractText'' and ''AbstractImage''s and ''AbstractVideo'') that purport to reveal facts about the world. but are not produced by someone making an honest effort to report 'facts'. The assertions in a ''QuestionableInformation'' merely express feelings, beliefs, unfounded theories, gossip, rumor, conspiracy theories, intentional lies or distortions of fact, and the like. In some cases, particularly books dealing with political issues or politicians or celebrities, it may not be clear how objective the author is. One clear indication that a text is 'questionable' is for accusations about some wrongdoing or beliefs of a Person for which the author has made no significant effort to get and report the response of the person accused. ''QuestionableInformation'' can include video recordings purported to be recordings of real events, but are either fabricated or slectively edited to present a misleading or completely false account of events that purportedly occurred. Intentionally fictional ''AbstractTexts'' are represented under ''FictionalText'', and ''AbstractTexts'' by authors making honest (though perhaps mistaken) effort to report facts is represented as ''FactualText'' NOTE: ''AbstractTexts'', whether factual, fictional, or questionable, will usually be a representation of some abstract propositional content that is a subtype of ''Information-Content''.
Super-classes	AbstractText^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unproven^c
Sub-classes	Rumor^c

Questionnaire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Questionnaire`
Description	A ''Questionnaire'' is a Document that has blank spaces into which information is to be written. This can be prepared or distributed by any agent, Organization of individal, for any purpose. `The sections needing to be filled in can go by different names - 'fields' or 'sections' or 'blank space' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'questionnaire' in WordNet: 1. (4) questionnaire - (a form containing a set of questions; submitted to people to gain statistical information)`
Super-classes	Form-StandardizedIBO^c GenericForm^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some GroupOfQuestions^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value GroupOfQuestions^c
Sub-classes	PaperBallot^c WrittenExam^c

Queue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Queue

Description

This type of ''Queue'' is a group of people lined up to do something in sequence - a waiting list. This is a PhysicalObject - the Group of People, not something abstract. The queue of ''RoadVehicles''s is represented as ''VehicleQueue''.

      Corresponds to part(for people) of noun sense 1 of 'queue' in WordNet:
        1. queue, waiting line - (a line of people or vehicles waiting for something)

Super-classes LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
PhysicalSeries^c
GroupOfPeople^c

Quick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quick`
Description	'Quick' is an AttributeValue of an Event that specifies that an Event or Action was accomplished in less time than is normal or was expected for that type of Event, or occurred almost immediately after another ('a quick response'). For objects that move more rapidly than is typical, use the type 'Fast'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'quick' and sense 1 of 'rapid' and sense 2 of 'quickly' and adjective sense 4 of 'immediate' in WordNet: 1. (20) quick, speedy - (accomplished rapidly and without delay; 'was quick to make friends'; 'his quick reaction prevented an accident'; 'hoped for a speedy resolution of the problem'; 'a speedy recovery'; 'he has a right to a speedy trial') WN 'rapid' 1. (21) rapid - (done or occurring in a brief period of time; 'a rapid rise through the ranks') WN adj 'immediate': 5. immediate, prompt, quick, straightaway - (performed with little or no delay; 'an immediate reply to my letter'; 'prompt obedience'; 'was quick to respond'; 'a straightaway denial')
Super-classes	EventAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Brisk^c Sudden^c Hurried^c

QuickBread^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuickBread

Description

This is a substance, not an Object.

       RHW: bread, muffins, etc., made with a leavening agent, 
           as baking powder or soda, that permits immediate baking.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quick bread' in WordNet:
           1. quick bread - (breads made with a leavening agent that permits immediate baking)

Super-classes Bread^c

QuickLime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuickLime`
Description	Calcium Oxide (CaO) as contrasted with lmestone (mostly CaCO3) or 'slaked lime' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quick lime' in WordNet: 1. calcium oxide, quicklime, lime, calx, calcined lime, fluxing lime, unslaked lime, burnt lime - (a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide)`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	containsChemicalElement^op value Calcium^c containsChemicalElement^op value Oxygen^c

Quickening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quickening`
Description	''Quickening'' is a term used to describe the first (''Initial'') perceptible (to the pregnant woman) movement of the body of a ''HumanFetus'' in a Woman's uterus. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'quicken' in WordNet: 4. quicken - (show signs of life; 'the fetus quickened')`
Super-classes	Motion^c BodyMovementEvent^c Indication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Initial^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Perceivable^c isPerformedBy^op value HumanFetus^c isEvidenceFor^op value Living^c

Quickly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quickly`
Description	'Quickly' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the rate of action in the Event is higher than is normal or expected for an Event of that type. This type differs subtly from 'Quick' in that it pertains to the rate of the FuntionalProcess that results in the Event, rather than to the interval of time that the Event occupied. There is often a direct relation between the two, but the rate of action can be distinguished from the time lapsed, and that distinction is represented by the difference between 'Quick' and 'Quickly' in COSMO. One can assert that a person works 'quickly', i.e. does tasks faster than normal, even though one is not discussing a specific task nor the time that task took. If ''Quickly'' is applied to an EventType, the default implication is that it took relatively little lapsed time. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'fast' and sense 2 of 'quickly' and sense 1 of 'promptly' and sense 1 of'rapidly' in WordNet: WN 'fast' 1. (17) fast - (quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form); 'how fast can he get here?'; 'ran as fast as he could'; 'needs medical help fast'; 'fast-running rivers'; 'fast-breaking news'; 'fast-opening (or fast-closing) shutters') WN adv'rapidly': 1. (44) quickly, rapidly, speedily, chop-chop, apace - (with rapid movements; 'he works quickly') WN 'quickly' 2. (16) promptly, quickly, quick - (with little or no delay; 'the rescue squad arrived promptly'; 'come here, quick!') WN 'promptly': 'the rescue squad arrived promptly'; 'come here, quick!') 2. (3) promptly, readily, pronto - (in a punctual manner; 'he did his homework promptly') 3. (2) promptly, right away - (at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence); 'he promptly forgot the address')
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Overnightly^c

QuidProQuo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuidProQuo`
Description	A ''QuidProQuo'' is one of the two or more) ''ValuableThing''s that are exchanged in a ''Transaction'' or paid as ''Compensation'' in a ''Compensating'' action.. Essentially, a 'this for that'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quid pro quo' in WordNet: 1. quid pro quo, quid - (something for something; that which a party receives (or is promised) in return for something he does or gives or promises)`
Super-classes	Role^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some (EventType^c or Event^c or ValuableThing^c or ValuableThingType^c) wasaQuidForQuo^op some (EventType^c or Event^c or ValuableThing^c or ValuableThingType^c)
Sub-classes	Compensation^c

Quiet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quiet`
Description	'Quiet' is an AttributeValue of Places that have little Sound, or PhysicalObjects that create little Sound during their operation, or people or animals that are not emitting Sound. For complete absence of perceivable sound,use 'Silent'. `For an adverb of relatively low sounds use ''quietly'' which includes sense ''softly''. RHW 5. low or subdued in sound; gentle and melodious: soft music; a soft voice. Opposite 'harshly'? ''blaringly'?? Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'quiet' in WordNet: 2. (10) quiet - (free of noise or uproar; or making little if any sound; 'a quiet audience at the concert'; 'the room was dark and quiet')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Silent^c

QuietingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuietingDown`
Description	''QuietingDown'' is a ''MufflingaSound'' in which people stop talking, or talk more softly so that the intensity of some ''Speech'' is decreased. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quiet down' in WordNet: 1. (1) quieten, hush, quiet, quiesce, quiet down, pipe down - (become quiet or quieter; 'The audience fell silent when the speaker entered')`
Super-classes	MufflingaSound^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value StopTalking^c mayCause^op value PeopleSilence^c hadReducedEntity^op value Speech^c

Quilting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quilting`
Description	''Quilting'' is the Action of stitching pieces of Cloth to make a ''Comforter'' (a 'quilt'). `CYC: The sewing together of patches of material to make a quilt. This is NOT the creating of a finished quilt, but rather the sewing technique itself, and hence instances of #$Quilting should be #$subEvents of instances of (#$MakingFn Quilt). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quilting' in WordNet: 1. quilting - (stitching through layers of fabric and a filling so as to create a design) WN verb quilt': 2. quilt - (create by stitching together)`
Super-classes	Manufacturing^c CraftingObjects^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value SewingNeedle^c produces^op value Comforter^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c hasSubEvent^op value Sewing^c

Quince^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quince`
Description	A Fruit that is ''PearShaped'' but is not a Pear''. `Quince tree: RHW: either of two small trees, Cydonia oblonga or C. sinensis, of the rose family, bearing hard, fragrant, yellowish fruit used chiefly for making jelly or preserves. WN has a quince bush, but unclear if it is the same thing. RHW for 'quince': the fruit of such a tree. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quince' in WordNet: 2. quince - (aromatic acid-tasting pear-shaped fruit used in preserves)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fragrant^c hasShape^op value PearShaped^c

Quinine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quinine

Description

An alkaloid used to make tonic and cure malaria. Derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quinine' in WordNet:
          1. quinine - (a bitter alkaloid extracted from chinchona bark; 
             used in malaria therapy)

Super-classes DrugProduct^c
Alkaloid^c
AntimalarialDrug^c

Quinolone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quinolone`
Description	An OrganicChemical that two fused six-membered rings, one of which includes a Nitrogen atom in the ring and an oxygen double-bonded to a carbon in the same ring (an oxo-group). Some subtypes of this Type are widely used and valuable antibacterial agents, such as norfloxocin and ciprofloxacin.
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c
Sub-classes	Ciprofloxacin^c

QuintaryPredicate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuintaryPredicate`
Description	The Class of Predicates that require five arguments. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation
Super-classes	QuintaryRelation^c Predicate^c

QuintaryRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuintaryRelation`
Description	QuintaryRelations relate five items. The two subclasses of QuintaryRelation are QuintaryPredicate and QuaternaryFunction. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/)
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	QuintaryPredicate^c QuaternaryFunction^c

Quintessential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quintessential

Description

''Quintessential'' is a subattribute of ''Prototypical'', characterizing something that is the most characteristic example of its type.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'quintessential' in Wordnet:
         1. quintessential - (representing the perfect example of a class or quality)

Super-classes Prototypical^c

Quitter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quitter`
Description	A ''Quitter'' is a ''Person'' who stops performing an Action ('quits') that could have been peformed, because it is too hard. One who quits because there are more intersting or profitable things to do is not an instance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quitter' in WordNet: 1. quitter - (a person who gives up too easily)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some QuittingAction^c
Sub-classes	Dropout^c

QuittingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuittingAction`
Description	A ''QuittingAction'' is a ''StoppingEvent'' in which some Agent ceases to perform some generic ''Action'' - which can be actively performing something that takes effort, or a state such as passively participating in some group as a member. NOTE @ToDo: differentiate ''QuittingAction'' from subtype ''Desisting'' - does one 'desist' beccause of a command or expected negative consqences?? Includes verb senses 1,2, 4 and 5 of 'quit' in WordNet: 1. (14) discontinue, stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off - (put an end to a state or an activity; 'Quit teasing your little brother') 2. (1) leave office, quit, step down, resign - (give up or retire from a position; 'The Secretary of the Navy will leave office next month'; 'The chairman resigned over the financial scandal') 4. foreswear, renounce, quit, relinquish - (turn away from; give up; 'I am foreswearing women forever') 5. drop out, give up, fall by the wayside, drop by the wayside, throw in, throw in the towel, quit, chuck up the sponge - (give up in the face of defeat of lacking hope; admit defeat; 'In the second round, the challenger gave up')
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Quitter^c finishes^op some Action^c
Sub-classes	Resigning^c Relinquishment^c Desisting^c CeaseParticipating^c SurrenderingAfteraFight^c Retiring^c DroppingOutOfSchool^c

Quiz^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quiz`
Description	A ''Quiz'' is a ''Short'' ''Exam''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quiz' in WordNet: 1. (4) quiz - (an examination consisting of a few short questions)`
Super-classes	WrittenExam^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

Quizzing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quizzing`
Description	A ''Quizzing'' is a ''TestingEvent'' performed by a ''tester'', on a Person in which questions are asked to determine the tested Person's knowledge or skill or aptitde for some task. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quiz' in WordNet: 1. quiz, test - (examine someone's knowledge of something; "The teacher tests us every week"; "We got quizzed on French irregular verbs")`
Super-classes	Measuring^c TestingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMeasured^op only (Person^c or PersonType^c) isPerformedBy^op value Tester^c

Quota^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quota`
Description	A ''Quota'' is a ''RationalNumber'' of some entities (objects, Actions) that are required by some ''Rule''. This may be an average rather than an Integer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quota' in WordNet: 1. (1) quota - (a prescribed number; 'all the salesmen met their quota for the month')`
Super-classes	RationalNumber^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Necessary^c

QuotaLimit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#QuotaLimit`
Description	'A ''QuotaLimit'' is the maximum permitted quantity of something (Object, Substance, Event) that can be used or had or performed by some Agent The WN sense 3 of 'quota' on imports would be a subtype. To specify a limit on specific types of things, a subtype can be created with the ''hasComponentElement'' - allValuesFrom - the type of thing that is limited,and the maximum quantity of that can be specified within the ''hasComponentElement'' restriction, using the ''owl:maxcardinality'' `Includes but is broader than noun sense 3, including maximum limits on things other than imports. of 'quota' in WordNet: 3. quota - (a limitation on imports; 'the quota for Japanese imports was negotiated')`
Super-classes	Group^c Role^c
Sub-classes	ImportQuota^c

Quotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quotation`
Description	A 'Quotation' is a sentence, part of a sentence, or combination of sentences (any two or more words) in some language which was uttered by some Intelligent agent in some form, verbal, written, electronic, movie, etc. This is usually used to quote people. The author needs to be specified, as well as the larger text from which the quotation is abstracted. `Fictional characters may be quoted. @ToDo: add movies and other forms in which text may occur to the list of sources. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quotation' in Wordnet: 2. (1) quotation, quote, citation - (a passage or expression that is quoted or cited)`
Super-classes	Phrase^c Citation^c
Restrictions	wasAuthoredBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c hasSource^op some AbstractText^c isTheProductOf^op value Quoting^c

Quoting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quoting`
Description	Each ''Quoting'' is a ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' Event in which an Agent asserts that some other Agent (which could be the agent speaking) has said or written something. `The difference between the parent ''Citing'' and this type is that ''Quoting'' porduces a ''Quotation'' that is intended to reproduce exatly the words that some person said (orally or in writing). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quote' in WordNet: 1. (30) quote, cite - (repeat a passage from; 'He quoted the Bible to her')`
Super-classes	Restating^c AttributingSomethingToSomebody^c Citing^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Quotation^c

REMsleep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#REMsleep`
Description	''REMsleep'' is a ''SleepingEvent'' that occurs during a ''SleepingEvent'' dring which, stdies show, the eyes move rapidly back and forth under closed eyelids, as though watching something moving, and dring which ''Dreaming'' occurs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'REM sleep' in WordNet: 1. paradoxical sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, REM sleep, rapid eye movement, REM - (a recurring sleep state during which dreaming occurs; a state of rapidly shifting eye movements during sleep)`
Super-classes	SleepingEvent^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op value Dreaming^c isaSubEventOf^op value SleepingEvent^c

RNA^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RNA`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of RNA, the chemical compound composed of individual #$RNAMolecules. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'RNA' in Wordnet: 1. ribonucleic acid, RNA - ((biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell; 'ribonucleic acid is the genetic material of some viruses')`
Super-classes	MolecularStuff^c NucleicAcid^c
Sub-classes	MessengerRNA^c RibosomalRNA^c

RNAMolecule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RNAMolecule`
Description	CYC: The collection of all long-chain molecules composed of strings of Ribonucleotides. #$RNAMolecules perform a number of critical functions in the intracellular environment. Notably, they are the medium by which the information encoded in #$DNAMolecules is transferred outside the cellular nucleus, where it can be used in protein manufacture. #$RNAMolecules are also incorporated into the ribosomal enzymes that 'read' messenger RNA molecules and manufacture proteins. `NOTE: RNA is usually single-stranded, but can occr in double-stranded form, in certain viruses. This type does not distinguish the two, which could be represented as subtypes.`
Super-classes	MacroMolecule^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c

Rabbi^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rabbi

Description

Each instance of #$Rabbi is a Jewish religious leader, qualified to lead (and who typically does lead) some synagogue. A woman in such a position may be referred to as a 'rabba', but the title of respect 'Rabbi' (Hebrew, 'my teacher') is used for both men and women.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rabbi' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) rabbi - (spiritual leader of a Jewish congregation; qualified to expound and apply Jewish law)

Super-classes Cleric^c
JewishPerson^c

Rabbit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rabbit

Description

SUMO: A burrowing Rodent with a short tail and long ears. This includes 'hares'.

    Includes noun sense 1 of 'rabbit' and noun sense 1 of 'hare' and
      noun sense 2 of 'bunny' in WordNet:
       1. (9) rabbit, coney, cony - (any of various burrowing animals 
          of the family Leporidae having long ears and short tails; 
          some domesticated and raised for pets or food)
     WN noun 'hare':
       1. (1) hare - (swift timid long-eared mammal larger than a rabbit 
          having a divided upper lip and long hind legs; young born furred 
          and with open eyes)
     WN noun 'bunny':
       2. bunny, bunny rabbit - ((usually informal) especially a young rabbit)

Super-classes Rodent^c

Rabies^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rabies

Description

An acute, often fatal, disease caused by a virus transmitted from one animal to another through infected saliva, usually through a bite. Sometimes named 'Lyssa', after a Greek goddess of raging madness. Symptoms are headache, fever and malaise progressing to excitability, fear of water, delirium, convulsions and death.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rabies' in Wordnet:
          1. rabies, hydrophobia, lyssa, madness - (an acute viral disease of
            the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite 
            of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain)

Super-classes ContagiousDisease^c
LifeThreateningCondition^c
ViralInfection^c

Rabies-Virus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rabies-Virus`
Description	The virus that that causes the disease #$Rabies (sometimes known as 'Lyssa'), distinctively bulletshaped and belonging to the order Mononegavirales.
Super-classes	Virus^c

Raccoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raccoon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raccoon' in WordNet: 2. raccoon, racoon - (an omnivorous nocturnal mammal native to North America and Central America)`
Super-classes	Procyonid^c

Race^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Race`
Description	A 'SportsCompetition' in which two or more competitors try to travel (on foot or in some vehicle) over some distance in the shortest time interval - the winner has the shortest time. This is the whole Event including the actions of all of the Agents involved. The Action of the individual ''Racer''s in a ''Race'' perform ''Racing''. In CYC called 'RacingSportsEvent': CYC: A sports event where the competitors attempt to travel as fast as possible over some distance. They are typically constrained in the mode of travel and the course to be traveled. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'race' in WordNet: 3. (201) race - (a contest of speed; 'the race is to the swift') WN noun 'racing': 1. (1) racing - (the sport of engaging in contests of speed)
Super-classes	FieldSportsEvent^c SportsCompetition^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Racing^c occurredAt^op value RaceCourse^c
Sub-classes	FreestyleRace^c Footrace^c

RaceCourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaceCourse`
Description	A ''RaceCourse'' is a ''SportCourse'' where 'Race''s (''Competition''s) are held, and the individual contestants perform the Action of ''Racing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racecourse' in WordNet: 1. racetrack, racecourse, raceway, track - (a course over which races are run)`
Super-classes	SportCourse^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Racing^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Race^c
Sub-classes	DirtTrack^c MarathonCourse^c

RaceExtermination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaceExtermination`
Description	`NOTE: ''RaceExtermination'' is a successful extermination of a whole race, or some cultural or racially distinguishable ''GroupOfPeople'', at least in some region of the Earth. This is the result attempted in a ''Genocide'' Action. Corresponds to part (the complete racial extermination) of noun sense 1 of 'genocide' in WordNet: 1. genocide, race murder, racial extermination - (systematic killing of a racial or cultural group)`
Super-classes	Massacre^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op value RaceOfPeople^c

RaceHorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaceHorse`
Description	A ''RaceHorse'' is a Horse who is bred for and competes in a ''HorseRace''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'race horse' in WordNet: 1. racehorse, race horse, bangtail - (a horse bred for racing)`
Super-classes	Horse^c AnimalContestant^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op value HorseRace^c

RaceOfPeople^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaceOfPeople

Description

A RaceOfPeople is a GroupOfPeople who are share some genetic characteristics and descent with each other sufficient to be evident in the physiological features of most members; members of a Race are more loosely related than those of a KinshipGroup. Races are not precisely defined, but the visible features that are distinctive to different races, especially skin color and facial features, are sufficient for people to classify many people as belonging to one race or another .

     The notion of 'race' is vague, but sense 3 of definition 2 of 'race' in
     Random House Webster comes closes to the sense of this type:

     3. Anthropol.
    a. any of the traditional divisions of humankind, the commonest 
       being the Caucasian, Mongoloid, and Negro, characterized by 
       supposedly distinctive and universal physical characteristics: 
       no longer in technical use.
    b. an arbitrary classification of modern humans, sometimes, esp. formerly, 
       based on any or a combination of various physical characteristics, 
       as skin color, facial form, or eye shape, and now frequently based 
       on such genetic markers as blood groups.
        c. a human population partially isolated reproductively from other populations, 
           whose members share a greater degree of physical and genetic similarity 
           with one another than with other humans.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'race' in WordNet:
        2. (218) race - (people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock;
         'some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between
         races of human beings')

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c
SocialBeing^c

Racer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racer`
Description	A male or female person who is a contestant in a ''Race'', whether a footrace or is the driver in a vehicle race. This is for a ''Race'' on a ground or water course. This is not for non-human animals. (?? maybe needs expansion??) @mod61 Includes noun sense 1 and part of sense 3 (for humans) of 'racer' in WordNet: 1. racer, race driver, automobile driver - (someone who drives racing cars at high speeds) 3. racer - (an animal that races)
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Race^c

Racetrack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racetrack`
Description	This ''Racetrack'' is specifically for the area and structure designed to enable a ''"HorseRace'', having a ''HorseraceTrack'' and some ''TieredSeats'' for spectators.
Super-classes	Stadium^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value TieredSeats^c hasPhysicalPart^op value HorseraceTrack^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value HorseRace^c

Racial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racial`
Description	''Racial'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''RacialGroup''s `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racial' in WordNet: 1. (6) racial - (of or related to genetically distinguished groups of people; 'racial groups') 2. (1) racial - (of or characteristic of race or races or arising from differences among groups; 'racial differences'; 'racial discrimination')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Interracial^c

RacialMinority^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RacialMinority

Description

Each ''RacialMinority'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom has a 'racial' identity differing from that of the majority of people in that community or location.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minority' in WordNet:
         1. (3) minority - (a group of people who differ racially
            or politically from a larger group of which it is a part)

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c

Racially^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racially`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'racially' in Wordnet: 1. racially - (with respect to race; 'racially integrated')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Racing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racing`
Description	A ''Racing'' is what contestants in a ''Race'' do. This is for foot races and auto races and boat races. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'race' in WordNet: 2. (3) race, run - (compete in a race; 'he is running the Marathon this year'; 'let's race and see who gets there first')`
Super-classes	FieldSportsEvent^c LocomotionProcess^c Competing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Racer^c isaSubEventOf^op value Race^c
Sub-classes	BicycleRacing^c

Racing-Attribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racing-Attribute`
Description	''Racing-Attribute'' represents the term 'racing' used as an adjective.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

RacingBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RacingBoat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racing boat' in WordNet: 1. racing boat - (a boat propelled by oarsmen and designed for racing)`
Super-classes	Watercraft-Small^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Oar^c isUsedInAction^op value Racing^c
Sub-classes	RacingShell^c

RacingShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RacingShell`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racing shell' in WordNet: 1. shell, racing shell - (a very light narrow racing boat)`
Super-classes	RacingBoat^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Smaller^c
Sub-classes	Scull^c

Racism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racism`
Description	''Racism'' is a ''Bias'' (an ''Attitude'') that predisposes a Person to believe bad things about racial groups other than that to which the racist belongs; in particular, a racist considers other races to be inferior to his/hers.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racism' in WordNet: 1. racism - (the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races)`
Super-classes	Bias^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op only Racist^c
Sub-classes	AntiSemitism^c

Racist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racist`
Description	Any person who feels the Attitude of 'Racism' or believes racist propositions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racist' in WordNet: 1. (1) racist, racialist - (a person with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to others)`
Super-classes	Believer^c
Restrictions	isaPersonFeeling^op value Racism^c
Sub-classes	AntiSemite^c

Racistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racistic`
Description	''Racistic'' is the term for the adjective' racist', which is the COSMO term used for the a Racist person. `The specific racism of 'antisemitism' is represented by subtype ''AntiSemitic'' and ''AntiSemite''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racist' in WordNet: 1. racist - (based on racial intolerance; 'racist remarks') 2. racist, antiblack, anti-Semite - (discriminatory especially on the basis of race or religion)`
Super-classes	Partial^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Racism^c
Sub-classes	AntiSemitic^c

Rack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rack`
Description	Any of several types of ''ArtifactObject'' designed to hold more than one physical objects (usually by those objects being suspended from the ''Rack'') , that 'hang' by gravitational force, either on several distingushable holders (prongs), or on a horizontal bar from which 'hangers' such as coat hangers can be hung. This is not just a shelf; a 'rack' needs to have or support separate supporting elements from which something can be hung. This is an ''ArtifactObject'' that can be an instrument in a ''HangingSomething'' Action. ??ToDo: NOTE that the restriction asserts that a ''Rack'' can be used in ''HangingSomething''and most can,but there may be some things called 'rack' that are not specifically designed for hanging things (e.g. bicycle rack, dish rack) - perhaps this can be ad hoc used as the parent type of those also, assuming that they can be used for hanging if properly employed - a shelf can be usedto hange things (e.g. by putting the end of a hook over the shelf. BUT there should be a parent type created to subsume all these. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'rack' in WordNet (WordNet does not explicity mention the bars serving as a Rack, as in a coat closet.): in WordNet: 1. (5) rack - (framework for holding objects)
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SupportingObject^c Holder^c
Restrictions	canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value HangingSomething^c
Sub-classes	BookRack^c ToastRack^c

Racket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racket`
Description	A prolonged series of ''Noise''s that may be distracting or annoying. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'noise' in WordNet: 1. (3) racket - (a loud and disturbing noise)`
Super-classes	Noise^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prolonged^c

Racquet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Racquet`
Description	A piece of ''SportsEquipment'' of a type designed to be used in a game of ''Tennis'' or badminton or squash or racquetball. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racquet' and sense 4 of 'racket' in WordNet: 1. racket, racquet - (a sports implement (usually consisting of a handle and an oval frame with a tightly interlaced network of strings) used to strike a ball (or shuttlecock) in various games)`
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c SportsEquipment^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op some RacquetGameType^c
Sub-classes	TennisRacquet^c LacrosseRacquet^c

RacquetGameType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RacquetGameType`
Description	A ''RacquetGameType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for games in which a ''Racquet'' is used.
Super-classes	ActionType^c SpecificationType^c
Members	SquashGame TennisGame Badminton Tennis RacquetballGame BadmintonGame

RacquetballGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RacquetballGame`
Description	An Action that is an execution of a 'racquetball' game.
Super-classes	CourtGame^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Racquet^c

RadarBasedDetection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadarBasedDetection`
Description	''RadarBasedDetection'' is a type of ''Detecting'' in which a radio-wave emitting device is pointed in some direction, and an associated radio-wave detector detects the reflected waves (if any). The strength of the reflection and the time between emitting the pulse and receiving the reflection provides information about objects that may be in the direction in which the device is pointed. NOTE: this can be one Event of such detection, or a series of such events treated as a Group. This is a subtype of ''Searching'' by ''Detecting''. NOTe that WN synset includes words like 'detection' suggesting it is anAction, but it is located in WN as a device (measuring instrument). WN synset is included here, needs to be dissected. The device is under ''RadarUnit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radar' in WordNet: 1. (11) radar, microwave radar, radio detection and ranging, radiolocation - (measuring instrument in which the echo of a pulse of microwave radiation is used to detect and locate distant objects)
Super-classes	Detecting^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some RadioSignalDetection^c hasSubEvent^op some RadioWaveTransmission^c hasSubEvent^op value ReflectingaRadioWave^c usesDeviceType^op some RadarUnit^c

RadarUnit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadarUnit

Description

Any device (consisting of one or more pieces) that is used in a ''RadarBasedDetection'' Event to detect or find the 'range' (distance) of objects at a distance. Used mostly for detecting airplanes and other flying objects,but also for detecting things on the surface of a body of water. A complete unit will have an emitter of radar waves and a detector of the reflected waves, usually firmly connected.

      CYC 'RadarDevice':
        A specialization of
        #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor and
        #$DistanceMeasuringDevice.  Each instance of #$RadarDevice
        is a device used to detect and determine the location of
        #$PartiallyTangible objects such as airplanes and storms.
        #$RadarDevices work by transmitting strong #$RadioWaves and
        sensing the  echoes  that come back when these waves reflect
        off of objects.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radar' in WordNet:
            1. (11) radar, microwave radar, radio detection and ranging, radiolocation -
              (measuring instrument in which the echo of a pulse of 
              microwave radiation is used to detect and locate distant objects)

Super-classes ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor^c
MeasuringDevice^c
SensorDevice^c

RadiallySymmetricObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadiallySymmetricObject`
Description	COSMO note: this Object can be Abstract or Physical. `Cyc: A specialization of #$SpatialThing. Each instance of #$RadiallySymmetricObject is a spatial thing whose spatial parts are regularly arranged about a central axis. Instances of #$RadiallySymmetricObject include wheels and adult starfish. NOTE: this sense of 'radially symmetric' is the same as COSMO ''RotationallySymmetric'' and not the 'radially symmetric' that is a synonymfor ''BilaterallySymmetric''.`
Super-classes	SpatialThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value RotationallySymmetric^c
Sub-classes	Wheel^c CircularObject^c

Radian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radian

Description

SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle's radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. Radian = m/m = 1.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radian' in WordNet:
     1. radian, rad - (the unit of plane angle adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; 
         equal to the angle at the center of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length 
         to the radius (approximately 57.295 degrees))

Super-classes PlaneAngleMeasure^c

Radiance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radiance`
Description	''Radiance'' is a Quality (in WN), not an Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiance' in WordNet: 2. (1) radiance, radiancy, shine, effulgence, refulgence, refulgency - (the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light)
Super-classes	Brightness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Shiny^c
Sub-classes	Sheen^c

Radiant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radiant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiant' in WordNet: 1. (3) beaming, beamy, effulgent, radiant, refulgent - (radiating or as if radiating light; 'the beaming sun'; 'the effulgent daffodils'; 'a radiant sunrise'; 'a refulgent sunset')`
Super-classes	Visible^c
Sub-classes	Bright^c

Radiata^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radiata`
Description	This is the collection of (individual) animals which are members of the invertebrate phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora. The former contains hyrda, corals, and jellyfish. The bodies of these animals have radial symmetry.
Super-classes	Invertebrate^c
Sub-classes	Jellyfish^c

Radiation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radiation`
Description	This is a general sense of 'radiation' including both electromagnetic radiation and the particle radiation seen in radioactive decay. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiation' in WordNet: 1. (42) radiation - (energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles) WN verb 'radiate': 1. (2) radiate - (send out rays or waves; "The sun radiates heat")`
Super-classes	UsefulThing^c Translocation^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Energy^c
Sub-classes	IonizingRadiation^c ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c

RadiationContainmentSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadiationContainmentSystem`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'containment' in WordNet: 2. containment - ((physics) a system designed to prevent the accidental release of radioactive material from a reactor)`
Super-classes	System^c Group^c

RadiationRelease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadiationRelease`
Description	''RadiationRelease'' is an ''IssuingForth'' of some quantity of ''RadioactiveSubstance'' from a source, which could be an ArtifactObject or a natural location (such as Radon issuing from the ground).
Super-classes	IssuingForth^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasAttribute^op value Undesirable^c hadThingTransferred^op value RadioactiveObject^c

Radiator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radiator`
Description	Uses pipes circulating steam or hot water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiator' in WordNet: 2. radiator - (heater consisting of a series of pipes for circulating steam or hot water to heat rooms or buildings)
Super-classes	AirHeatingDevice^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Pipe^c usesSubstance^op some WaterSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	AutomobileRadiator^c RoomRadiator^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsRadiator

RadiatorFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadiatorFluid`
Description	''RadiatorFluid''is an ''AqueousSolution'' that has some component of ''AntiFreeze'' in it.
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c Water^c
Restrictions	hasSolute^op value AntiFreeze^c

Radical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radical`
Description	A ''Radical'is a ''Supporter'' who supports some cause considered as 'extreme' or 'radical' by a majority of people.. `In CYC 'Extremist'. The collection of persons with extreme political, social, or religious views. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'radical' in WordNet: 3. (1) radical - (a person who has radical ideas or opinions) WN noun 'extremist': 1. extremist - (a person who holds extreme views)`
Super-classes	Supporter^c HumanAdult^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Radicalish^c supportsProposition^op value RadicalPolicyProposal^c
Sub-classes	Anarchist^c Revolutionary^c

RadicalPolicyProposal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadicalPolicyProposal`
Description	A ''RadicalPolicyProposal'' is a ''PolicyProposal'' that is considered ''Radicalish'' by a majority of people. This kind of proposalis suported by ''Radical''s.
Super-classes	PolicyProposal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Radicalish^c

Radicalish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radicalish`
Description	''Radicalish'' is an attribute of ideas or policies that favor dramatic change from established practice, likely to motivate resistance. `Labeled 'radicalish' because the term ''Radical'' is used for an extremist person (see ''Radical''). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'radical' in WordNet: 1. (5) extremist, radical, ultra - ((used of opinions and actions) far beyond the norm; 'extremist political views'; 'radical opinions on education'; 'an ultra conservative') 2. (4) revolutionary, radical - (markedly new or introducing radical change; 'a revolutionary discovery'; 'radical political views')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Islamist^c

Radically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'radically' in Wordnet: 1. (6) radically - (in a radical manner; 'she took a radically different approach')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c Very^c

Radio^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radio

Description

This is for the common 'radio' that receives broadcasted signals and plays aloud the sound transmitted - voice or music, usually.

      CYC: A subcollection of #$WirelessCommunicationDevice.
        Instances of #$Radio convert instances of #$RadioWave into
        instances of #$AudibleSound.  This category
        includes only the receivers, and not devices
        with built-in transmitting capability.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'radio' in WordNet:
         2. (8) radio receiver, receiving set, radio set, radio, tuner, wireless -
            (an electronic receiver that detects and demodulates 
            and amplifies transmitted signals)

Super-classes RadioReceiver^c
AudioSystem^c

RadioBeam^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioBeam

Description

A 'RadioBeam' is a RadioWave transmitted directionally rather than an omnidirectional broadcast.

  corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'beacon' in RHW:
  1.  a guiding or warning signal, as a light
     or fire, esp. one in an elevated position.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beam' in WordNet:
    1. (9) radio beam, beam - (a signal transmitted along a narrow path;
      guides pilots in darkness or bad weather)
    2. radio beacon, beacon - (a radio station that broadcasts 
        a directional signal for navigational purposes)

Super-classes RadioWave^c
Emission^c

RadioBroadcasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioBroadcasting`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$Broadcasting. In every #$RadioBroadcasting event, an #$InformationBearingThing consisting of #$AudibleSound is converted into radio signals and transmitted by a #$BroadcastAntenna, and received by a #$ReceivingAntenna. `SUMO: Any instance of Broadcasting which is intended to be received by a Radio.`
Super-classes	RadioWaveTransmission^c Broadcasting^c EmittingAWave^c
Restrictions	causes^op value RadioWave^c

RadioFrequencyBand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioFrequencyBand

Description

A 'RadioFrequencyBand' is a 'BandOfValues, each value of which is a radio wave frequency (e.g in Hertz or MegaHertz). This is usually used for radio (and TV) broadcasting, designating a frequency which is the center of a band of frequencies used (often legally allotted) for radio transmission in some particular area. Thus CBS radio in New York broadcasts on the 8080 kilohertz band.

    A band is required for broadcast because of the phenomenon that when a signal
       is imposed on the band, the frequencies in the signal may cause 
       the  broadcast to be detected (at lower sensitivity) 
      by equipment tuned to other nearby frequencies.

     Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'band' in WordNet:
       6. (1) band - (a range of frequencies between two limits)

Super-classes ValueRange^c
BandOfValues^c

RadioOrTVAudience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioOrTVAudience`
Description	A ''RadioOrTVAudience'' is a ''MassAudience'' that is listening to (and/or watching) a radio or TV broadcast, or some other means of communication (e.g. podcast) where the voice of the speaker(s) can be heard by a MassAudience tuned in to the broadcast channel. `For TV only use subtype ''TVAudience''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'TV audience' in WordNet: 1. (1) viewing audience, TV audience, viewers - (the audience reached by television)`
Super-classes	MassAudience^c
Restrictions	isTheIntendedAudienceOf^op value Broadcasting^c hasPart^op value TVAudience^c
Sub-classes	TVAudience^c

RadioOrTelevisionCommercial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioOrTelevisionCommercial`
Description	'RadioOrTelevisionCommercial' is an Event in which any paid (or public service) announcement is made over a broadcast radio or television channel, that is not part of a regular program of news or entertainment. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'advertise' and sense 1 of 'publicise' and noun sense 1 of 'commercial' in WordNet: 1. (7) advertise, publicize, advertize, publicise - (call attention to; 'Please don't advertise the fact that he has AIDS') WN noun 'commercial': 1. (4) commercial, commercial message - (a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television)`
Super-classes	Advertising^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Broadcasting^c

RadioReceiver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioReceiver`
Description	The device used to receive transmissions broadcast in radio frequencies (does not include radio transmitters, but may be included with a transmitter in a communications panel). This includes daio receivers built into large instrument panels (other than road motor vehicles) This type is for thegeneric radio receiver; for the common home or auto radio use subtype ''Radio'', NOTE: the distinction between this and the subtype 'Radio' is that a 'RadioReceiver' need not emit a sound, only receive the signals (and perhaps process them electronically or digitally). NOTE that receiver and transmitter are not disjoint, and one device can be both. SUMO: A RadioReceiver is a Device for receiving radio broadcast signals from a RadioStation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radio receiver' in WordNet: 1. radio receiver, receiving set, radio set, radio, tuner, wireless - (an electronic receiver that detects and demodulates and amplifies transmitted signals)
Super-classes	ReceiverDevice^c
Sub-classes	SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment^c SatelliteReceiver^c Transponder^c Radio^c

RadioSignalDetection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioSignalDetection`
Description	''RadioSignalDetection'' is a ''Detection'' of a Radio signal sent intentionally by an agent to transmit information. The WN gloss mentions 'quality' of a reception - which is probably intended to mean the 'strength' of the signal. But the parent is 'broadcasting', which has neither strength or intensity or quality as part of its meaning. The WN sense is included in this type, but all other aspects of radio wave reception are included. The various facets need to be differentiated to be more specific. Like any other action, this can be done in various ways - those manners of performance can include quality or intensity. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'reception' in WordNet: 3. (3) reception - (quality or fidelity of a received broadcast) WN noun 'detection': 3. signal detection, detection - (the detection that a signal is being received)
Super-classes	Detection^c
Restrictions	isaDesignFunctionOf^op value RadioWaveReceivingDevice^c

RadioSignalTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioSignalTransmission`
Description	A ''RadioSignalTransmission'' is a RadioWaveTransmission Event in which some Device transmits a RadioWave that has some information content (a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'') that is presumably intended to be received and interpreted by another device. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'output' in WordNet: 3. (1) output signal, output - (signal that comes out of an electronic system)`
Super-classes	RadioWaveTransmission^c
Restrictions	hasInformationContent^op some InformationObject^c
Sub-classes	Broadcasting^c

RadioWave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioWave`
Description	A specialization of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each instance of #$RadioWave is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from approximately 1 centimeter (1x10⁸ #$Angstrom) to 3,000,000 meters (3x10¹⁸ #$Angstrom), and a frequency of approximately 10⁸ #$Hertz to 10² #$Hertz. `@ToDo: Note that at this point (v0.43) an ElectromagneticWave is not represented as a 'ray' which would be a continuous stream of particles (including photons) in a line. However, some relation needs to be created. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radio wave' in WordNet: 1. (2) radio wave, radio emission, radio radiation - (an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 0.5 cm to 30,000 m)`
Super-classes	ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c
Sub-classes	TransmittedRadioSignal^c RadioBeam^c

RadioWavePhoton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioWavePhoton`
Description	A RadioWavePhoton is a Photon with a wavelength.in the Radio wave length.
Super-classes	Photon^c

RadioWaveReceivingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioWaveReceivingDevice`
Description	A ''RadioWaveReceivingDevice'' is an ElectronicDevice whose primary function necessarily includes the reception of radio waves, which were transmitted by intelligent entities. Devices that receive natural-source radio waves can be represented by the parent type ''ReceiverDevice''. The device may have other primary functions. `This category subsumes both mobile and fixed receiving radio. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'receiver' in WordNet: 1. (4) receiver, receiving system - (set that receives radio or tv signals)`
Super-classes	ReceiverDevice^c
Restrictions	detects^op value RadioWave^c detects^op value RadioWavePhoton^c detects^op value RadioWaveTransmission^c hasDesignFunction^op value RadioSignalDetection^c

RadioWaveTransmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioWaveTransmission`
Description	A ''RadioWaveTransmission'' is a subtype of ''EmittingaRadioWave'' in which the RadioWave is produced by a Device of some sort. This Event does not necesarily transmit information. An outgoing radar beam, for example,does not have any information content.
Super-classes	EmittingaRadioWave^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedWave^op some RadioWave^c
Sub-classes	RadioBroadcasting^c RadioSignalTransmission^c

RadioWaveTransmittingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioWaveTransmittingDevice`
Description	A RadioWaveTransmittingDevice is an ElectronicDevice whose primary function necessarily includes the transmission of radio waves. The device may have other primary functions. `This category subsumes both mobile and fixed transmitting radio devices. For RadioWaveTransmittingDevices that transmit with permits from a fixed location, use the subtype 'Transmitter'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'transmitter' in WordNet: 3. transmitter, sender - (set used to broadcast radio or tv signals)`
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c
Restrictions	canEmit^op value RadioWavePhoton^c
Sub-classes	Radiosonde^c Transmitter^c SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment^c SatelliteTransmitter^c Transponder^c

Radioactive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radioactive

Description

The property of substances or objects that emit ionizing radiation, typically one or more of: alpha rays (helium nuclei), beta rays (electrons) or gamma rays (electromagnetic radiation shorter than x-rays in wavelength).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'radioactive' in Wordnet:
           1. (5) radioactive - (exhibiting or caused by radioactivity; 
             'radioactive isotope'; 'radioactive decay'; 'radioactive fallout')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RadioactiveObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioactiveObject`
Description
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value RadioactiveSubstance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Radioactive^c emits^op value IonizingRadiation^c

RadioactiveSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadioactiveSubstance`
Description	In Cyc 'RadioactiveStuff': Cyc: instances are radioactive substances
Super-classes	BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance^c
Restrictions	canEmit^op some EmittableThingType^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Radioactive^c
Sub-classes	Protactinium^c Plutonium^c Actinium^c NuclearFuel^c Samarium^c Uranium^c Einsteinium^c Americium^c Francium^c Curium^c Neptunium^c Thorium^c Californium^c Polonium^c Mendelevium^c Fermium^c Astatine^c Nobelium^c Fallout^c Radium^c Promethium^c Radon^c Lawrencium^c Berkelium^c

RadiologicalWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadiologicalWeapon`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Weapons which are designed to scatter or spread #$RadioactiveStuff; dirty bombs. SUMO: Weapons which are designed to spread radioactive particles over a large area by means of a conventional explosive device rather than a nuclear reaction. These weapons are often referred to as 'dirty bombs'. SUMO had a parent, 'RadioactiveWeapon', which included nuclear bomds, but which did not appear to need representation separately in COSMO. SUMO (RadioactiveWeapon): A WeaponOfMassDestruction which achieves its effect through radioactivity, either by an explosion resulting from nuclear fission or by a conventional explosive device that scatters radioactive debris.
Super-classes	WeaponOfMassDestruction^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op some RadioactiveSubstance^c

Radiologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radiologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiologist' in WordNet: 1. radiologist, radiotherapist - (a medical specialist who uses radioactive substances and X-rays in the treatment of disease)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Radiology^c

Radiology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radiology`
Description	''Radiology''is an ',OccupationalSpecialization'' in which the Radiologist treats an AilmentCondition with 'ionizing radiation'' of some kind. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiology' in WordNet: 1. radiology - (the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of X-rays or other penetrating radiation)`
Super-classes	OccupationalSpecialization^c HealthCareEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Radiologist^c uses^op value IonizingRadiation^c

Radiosonde^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radiosonde`
Description	A ''Radiosonde'' is a Device that has component device(s) that measure phenomena relevant to atmospheric conditions in the upper atmosphere and sends that information by radio signals back to a receiving station on Earth's surface. `NOTE: the information detected and transmtted can be represented more accurately and in more detail. Some expert could provide the kind of detail useful here. CYC: The collection of meteorological devices carried by weather balloons into the upper atmosphere to measure various weather phenomena, and transmit those readings to weather stations on land.`
Super-classes	SensorDevice^c ContainerArtifact^c RadioWaveTransmittingDevice^c MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value WeatherBalloon^c detects^op value WeatherAttributeValue^c canBeTransportedIn^op value WeatherBalloon^c detects^op value ImmediateWeatherProcess^c

Radish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radish`
Description	The ''Root'' of a ''RadishPlant''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'radish' in WordNet: 3. radish - (pungent edible root of any of various cultivated radish plants)
Super-classes	Root^c VegetableFoodObject^c PlantPart^c
Restrictions	isTheBottomPartOf^op value RadishPlant^c

RadishPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadishPlant`
Description	An Individual Radish plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radish' in WordNet: 5. radish plant, radish - (a cruciferous plant of the genus Raphanus having a pungent edible root)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c Vegetable-Plant^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value RadishStuff^c

RadishStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadishStuff`
Description	A ''Food'' prepared from the root of a 'radish' plant.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radish' in WordNet: 1. (8) radish - (pungent fleshy edible root)`
Super-classes	RootVegetable^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value RadishPlant^c

Radium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radium

Description

A piece of radium - could be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radium' in WordNet:
          1. (7) radium, Ra, atomic number 88 - 
             (an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs
             in minute amounts in uranium ores)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
RadioactiveSubstance^c
ChemicalElement^c

Radius^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radius

Description

A ''Radius'' is a subtype of ''LengthMeasure'' for a line from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or surface.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radius' in WordNet:
         1. (4) radius, r - (the length of a line segment between
             the center and circumference of a circle or sphere)

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

RadiusBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RadiusBone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'radius' in WordNet: 4. radius - (the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm)`
Super-classes	ArmBone^c

Radon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Radon

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of radon in stuffeous form.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radon' in WordNet:
        1. radon, Rn, atomic number 86 - (a radioactive gaseous element
          formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gases;
          occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) 
          and is considered a hazard to health)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
Gas^c
ChemicalElement^c
RadioactiveSubstance^c

Raft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raft`
Description	An ArtifactObject that is often not a product of commerce,, but is built by potential users, that can float on water and can carry objects, but may not have any devices built in to assist propelling the raft. It may be propelled by an Oar or Pole or a makeshift sail, or be intended to remain in one place for the use of swimmers. It is a primitive ''Watercraft''. Commercial ''Raft''s are sometimes for sightseeing or 'white water rafting' on scenic rivers. `CYC: A small flat kind of boat. Rubber rafts and flat wooden rafts are the most common. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raft' in WordNet: 1. (2) raft - (a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers)`
Super-classes	Watercraft^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Rafting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-bottomed^c

Rafter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rafter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rafter' in WordNet: 1. (1) rafter, balk, baulk - (one of several parallel sloping beams that support a roof)`
Super-classes	StructuralBeam^c
Restrictions	supports^op value Roof^c

Rafting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rafting`
Description	Transportation by way of raft. If an event is a #$TransportationEvent such that the #$transporter is a #$Raft, then the event is an element of #$Rafting. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'raft' in WordNet: 2. raft - (travel by raft in water; 'Raft the Colorado River')`
Super-classes	Boating^c RecreationalActivity^c
Sub-classes	WhitewaterRafting^c

Rag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rag`
Description	A 'Rag'' is a ''FabricObject'' (usually clothing) sufficiently worn to be of little value and a candidate for discard (rather than reselling as 'used').. `Corresponds to but is broader than the part of noun sense 1 of 'rag' in WordNet referring to cloth, but not necessarily small: in WordNet: 1. (9) rag, shred, tag, tag end, tatter - (a small piece of cloth or paper)`
Super-classes	FabricObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ragged^c

RagMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RagMan`
Description	A Person (male or female) who travels around to collect 'rags' and usually to pay some nominal sum of money, and then selling those rags in order to make a profit. This is a form of self-employment that has not been profitable for over 40 years in the United States.. `Perhaps is still done in undeveloped countries? Possibly a larger-scale version still exists somewhere? No sense in Wordnet. RHW 'ragman': a person who gathers or deals in rags.`
Super-classes	ServicePosition^c BlueCollarWorker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value GatheringRags^c

Rage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rage

Description

''Rage' is an intense form of ''Anger'' sufficient to cause the Rage feeler to forcefully express anger, often in a emotional outburst.

        'madness' is not used as a label here, more likely to
            mislead than enlighten.
        Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'rage' in WordNet:
          1. (21) fury, rage, madness - (a feeling of intense anger;
             'hell hath no fury like a woman scorned'; 'his face turned red with rage')
          2. (4) rage - (a state of extreme anger;
               'she fell into a rage and refused to answer')

Super-classes Anger^c

Ragged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ragged

Description

'Ragged"'' is a property of cloth Objects that are typically still somewhat useful or functional, but have substantial damage to the surface due to use, to the extent that they may be discared as an unusable 'rag'.

      The recent fashion of buying and wearing clothes that are very 'ragged' 
        makes it unclear wheher such a condition is sufficient to warrant discarding,

         Corresponds approximately (perhaps not at al) to part of adjective  
            sense 1 of 'ragged' (referring to
              cloth objects, not people) in WordNet:
           2. (2) ragged - (worn out from stress or strain; 'run ragged')

Super-classes Worn^c

Raging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raging

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'raging' in Wordnet:
          1. hot, raging - (characterized by violent and forceful activity or movement;
             very intense; 'the fighting became hot and heavy'; 'a hot engagement';
             'a raging battle'; 'the river became a raging torrent')

Super-classes Intense^c

Ragweed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ragweed`
Description	A ''Ragweed'' is a ''Weed'' notable for its highly allergenic pollen. `CYC: A plant order in the dicot subclass. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ragweed' in WordNet: 2. ragweed, ambrosia, bitterweed - (any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma)`
Super-classes	Plant-NonWoody^c Weed^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c

RaidingForLoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaidingForLoot`
Description	A ''RaidingForLoot'' is a ''MilitaryInvasion'' that is typically brief but may be prolonged, with the invading forces staying long enough to take anything valuable that can be taken away.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'raid' in WordNet: 1. (3) foray, raid, maraud - (a sudden short attack) WN verb 'raid': 2. (2) foray into, raid - (enter someone else's territory and take spoils; 'The pirates raided the coastal villages regularly') WN verb 'pillage': 1. plunder, despoil, loot, reave, strip, rifle, ransack, pillage, foray - (steal goods; take as spoils; 'During the earthquake people looted the stores that were deserted by their owners')`
Super-classes	MilitaryInvasion^c Plundering^c Encroachment^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Stealing^c hasSubEvent^op value Looting^c

Rail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rail`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rail' in WordNet: 5. rail - (any of numerous widely distributed small wading birds of the family Rallidae having short wings and very long toes for running on soft mud)`
Super-classes	WadingBird^c
Sub-classes	Coot^c

Railing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Railing`
Description	A ''Railing'' is a ''Wall-GenericBarrier'' consisting of a ''MostlyHorizontal'' 'Rail'' supported by a ''Balustrade'' (a row of vertically oriented ''baluster''s). this is intended to partly support people and/or prevent locomotion beyond the ''Railing''. `RHW 'railing': 1. a fencelike barrier composed of one or more horizontal rails supported by widely spaced uprights; balustrade. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railing' in WordNet: 1. (3) railing, rail - (a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports) WN noun sense 1 of 'balustrade' in WordNet: 1. (3) bannister, banister, balustrade, balusters, handrail - (a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling)`
Super-classes	Wall-GenericBarrier^c FixedStructure^c SheetArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c hasPhysicalPart^op value HandRail^c isSupportedBy^op value Baluster^c hasHeight^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#R_3to4feet^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Balustrade^c supportsPartly^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	StairRail^c

Railroad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Railroad`
Description	A ''Railroad'' is a commercial 'CommonCarrier', a ''CommercialServiceOrganization'' that maintains a ''Railway'' and provides transportation service for people or carrying freight, in return for payment. We specify here that the ''Railroad'' organization owns both a ''Railway'' (tracks) and some ''RalroadCar''s `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad' in WordNet: 1. (13) railway, railroad, railroad line, railway line, railway system - (line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight)`
Super-classes	CommercialServiceOrganization^c CommonCarrier^c
Restrictions	owns^op some RailroadCar^c owns^op some Railway^c
Sub-classes	MonorailOrganization^c

RailroadCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RailroadCar`
Description	A ''RailroadCar'' is any of the wheeled vehicles (including the engine - diesel or steam) designed to travel on rails as part of a train. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad car' in Wordnet: 1. car, railcar, railway car, railroad car - (a wheeled vehicle adapted to the rails of railroad; 'three cars had jumped the rails')`
Super-classes	LandTransportationVehicle^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Train-TransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	RailroadTrainEngine^c Caboose^c FreightCar^c PassengerCar^c

RailroadConductor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RailroadConductor`
Description
Super-classes	RailroadPerson^c TransportationConductor^c

RailroadJunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RailroadJunction`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railway junction' in WordNet: 1. railway junction - (a junction where two or more railway lines meet or cross)`
Super-classes	Junction^c
Restrictions	connects^op min 2

RailroadPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RailroadPerson`
Description	''RailroadPerson'' includes male and female employess, notwithstanding the male labels used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad man' in WordNet: 1. (1) trainman, railroader, railroad man, railwayman, railway man - (an employee of a railroad)`
Super-classes	Employee^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value Railroad^c
Sub-classes	RailroadConductor^c

RailroadRail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RailroadRail`
Description	A ''RailroadRail'' is one of the two steel ''Bar''s that form the essential parts of a ''Railway' that support the wheels of a train.. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rail' in WordNet: 3. track, rail, rails - (a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Bar^c Part^c
Restrictions	supports^op value Train-TransportationDevice^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Railway^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Steel^c

RailroadSiding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RailroadSiding`
Description	COSMO NOTE: this includes the 'siding' that is a short track conneced to a longer line, that is located near a manufacturing facility that can accommodate railroad cars carrying freight for use in business and enables convenient delivery of large amounts of heavy materials. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad siding' in WordNet: 1. (2) siding, railroad siding, turnout, sidetrack - (a short stretch of railroad track used to store rolling stock or enable trains on the same line to pass)`
Super-classes	Railway^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some UndergroundLocation^c

RailroadStation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RailroadStation

Description

''RailroadStation'' where trains stop to load and unload. 'All aboard!'.

      CYC ('RailroadStation-Physical')  A specialization of both #$Building and
        #$TransportFacility.  Each instance of
        #$RailroadStation-Physical is a building located near
        railroad tracks whose primary purpose is to be a place where
        trains discharge and receive passengers (and possibly freight).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad station' in WordNet:
          1. (5) railway station, railroad station, railroad terminal,
           train station, train depot - (terminal where trains load or unload 
           passengers or goods)

Super-classes Building^c
TransportFacility^c

RailroadTrainEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RailroadTrainEngine`
Description	A ''RailroadTrainEngine'' is a ''RailroadCar'' (part of a ''Train-TransportationDevice'') that provides the power to pull (usually) or push the other cars in the train. If it is a ''Locomotive'' it pulls or pushes other cars,and does not itself carry freight or passengers. But there are cars that are self-propelled and may or may not pull or push other cars. These other self-propelled cars are also included in this type. A ''Locomotive'' may be powered by a Diesel or steam engine, or by electricity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locomotive' in WordNet: 1. locomotive, engine, locomotive engine, railway locomotive - (a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks)`
Super-classes	RailroadCar^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Cargo^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FreightTrain^c
Sub-classes	DieselLocomotive^c SteamLocomotive^c

Railway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Railway`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all pathways made of RailroadTracks and used for train transportation. It includes main lines and sidings. NOTE: this also includes the subtype ''RollerCoaster'', so it is not necessarily used for transporting from place to place. Railway is the subclass of LandTransitways that have rails along which Trains may travel. A railway consists of the rail bed, sleepers, tracks, electric rails, switches, sensors, lights, crossing grades, and any other integral machinery or parts of a section of railway. @ToDO: The rails are part of a Railway? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'railway' in WordNet: 2. (1) railroad track, railroad, railway - (a line of track providing a runway for wheels; 'he walked along the railroad track') WN 'railway line': 2. line, railway line, rail line - (the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed)
Super-classes	PathForWheeledVehicles^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value Train-TransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	MonorailRailway^c ElevatedRailway^c RailroadSiding^c Subway^c

Rain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rain

Description

A substance consisting of multiple small drops of Water dropping from the sky as precipitation. NOTE: after it has hit the ground, rainwater is no longer 'Rain'. @ToDo; a class of 'Runoff' could capture moving, recently fallen rain.

   Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rain' in WordNet:
     2. (5) rain, rainwater - (drops of fresh water that fall as precipitation from clouds)

Super-classes Water-Fresh^c

RainCoat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RainCoat

Description

CYC: The collection of all rain coats.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raincoat' in WordNet:
         1. raincoat, waterproof - (a water-resistant coat)

Super-classes RainGear^c
Coat^c

RainEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RainEvent`
Description	Called 'RainProcess' in cyc: Cyc: A specialization of #$PrecipitationProcess. Each instance of #$RainProcess is an event in which the condensed liquid water in one or more clouds forms droplets (or ice cystals which subsequently melt in mid-air) substantial enough to fall to the surface of the planet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rain' in WordNet; NOTE: WordNet considers falling of rain to be a Process; though in COSMO processes are represented as 'FunctionalProcess', in general processes are represented by the Events that such processes give rise to, so this sense of Rain is an Event - the faloing of rain for a certain period of time. in WordNet: 1. (25) rain, rainfall - (water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere) WN verb 'rain': 1. (13) rain, rain down - (precipitate as rain; 'If it rains much more, we can expect some flooding')
Super-classes	FallingEvent^c WaterMotion^c WaterPrecipitationProcess^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Rain^c
Sub-classes	RainStorm^c Shower^c Drizzle^c

RainGear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RainGear`
Description	CYC: The collection of clothes which are worn for protection from the elements. `NOTE: this is broader than the CYC type, expanded to include anything used for protection (from ''GettingWet'') while walking in the rain. RHW 'rainwear': waterproof or water-repellent clothing.`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c ProtectiveObject^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value GettingWet^c typicallyHasAttribute^op value Waterproof^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value WalkingInTheRain^c
Sub-classes	RainCoat^c Galosh^c Umbrella^c

RainStorm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RainStorm`
Description	The Event of a storm in which rain falls. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rainstorm' in WordNet: 1. rainstorm - (a storm with rain)`
Super-classes	RainEvent^c
Sub-classes	ThunderStorm^c

RainStormAsObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RainStormAsObject

Description

COSMO note: the 'composition' of a storm is categorized by the material making up the precipitation.

      Cyc: Heavy rain and lots of wind.  See also #$RainStormAsEvent.

Super-classes StormAsObject^c

Rainbow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rainbow`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Arcs of spectral colors appearing in a gaseous medium filled with water droplets or ice crystals appearing opposite from the light source (normally the #$Sun). `Because this is not a well-defined Object, it is classified here as a ''LightEmissionPhenomenon'', a ''Phenomenon'' (located in the ''Sky'') that emits multicolored light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rainbow' in Wordnet: 1. (2) rainbow - (an arc of colored light in the sky caused by refraction of the sun's rays by rain)`
Super-classes	LightEmissionPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value RefractingLight^c occursAt^op value Sky^c emits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColorsOfTheRainbow^c emits^op value MulticoloredLight^c hasShape^op value ArcShaped^c

Raindrop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raindrop`
Description	Each 'Raindrop' is a single drop of Rain, whether in the sky or isolated on the ground. When merged with other Raindrops, is it no longer a .''Raindrop'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raindrop' in WordNet: 1. raindrop - (a drop of rain)`
Super-classes	BallLikeObject^c PrecipitationParticle^c DropOfWater^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value RainEvent^c

Raininess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raininess`
Description	a ''Raininess'' is a PersistentState in which some OutdoorLocation for some period of time is ''Rainy'', i.e. is experiencing a ''RainEvent''. NOte that WN calls this 'unpleasant', and that is reflected in the inheritance of 'UnpleasantThing' - even though farmers may rejoice when rains comes after a dry spell; regardless of its benefits, it is intrinsically ''Unpleasant''. `In CYC this is a quantitative attribute, but in COSMO the representation is different. At some point degrees of ''Raininess'' can be represented, but as of rev1607 it is not needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raininess' in WordNet: 1. foulness, raininess - (of weather) the badness of the weather; 'they were wearied with the foulness of the weather')`
Super-classes	UnpleasantThing^c HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value RainEvent^c occursAt^op some OutdoorLocation^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Rainy^c

Rainy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rainy`
Description	A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having ''Rain''. `NOTE if there is significant''Wind''' one can use the subtype ''Stormy''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rainy' in WordNet: 1. showery, rainy - ((of weather) wet by periods of rain; 'showery weather'; 'rainy days')`
Super-classes	WeatherAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Stormy^c

Raised^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raised

Description

An AttributeValue of an artifact intended to support something (a ''Structure'') whose top is elevated somewhat above the local ground, or for indoor objects, above the local floor (as a 'raised platform' for speakers at a gathering). If it is oudoors and more than six feet above the surrounding ground, it would be ''Elevated''

      For outdoor locations  projecting more than six feet above the ground,use ''Elevated''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'raised' in Wordnet:
        1. (5) raised - (above the surround
          or above the normal position; 'a raised design'; 'raised eyebrows')

Super-classes High^c

RaisedDot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisedDot`
Description	A ''RaisedDot'' is a special type of ''Convexity'' on an otherwise flat surface - usually a thick ''SheetOfpaper'' that is shaped like half of a BB, about 1 mm wide and 2 mm high, mostly created to provide a surface pattern that can be felt, not just seen. This is mostly used in creating ''Braille'' writing, where specific organized patterns of such ''RaisedDot''s represent specific letters of the alphabet or numbers or other writing symbols.
Super-classes	Convexity^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c

RaisedInValue^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisedInValue

Description

''RaisedInValue'' is an AttributeValue of Quantities that have been increased by a ''RaisingaValue'' Event.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'raised' in Wordnet:
           3. raised, inflated - (increased especially to abnormal levels;
             'the raised prices frightened away customers'; 'inflated wages'; 
             'an inflated economy')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RaisedUp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisedUp

Description

''RaisedUp'' is the AttributeValue of Objects that have experienced a ''Raising'' Event, so that their elevation in a gravitational field is increased.

       This sense of 'raised' is no in WN.

Super-classes Higher^c

Raisin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raisin`
Description	CYC: The collection of individual raisins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raisin' in WordNet: 1. raisin - (dried grape)
Super-classes	DriedFruitObject^c EdibleFruit^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Grape^c

Raising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raising`
Description	Raising is an Action (not necessarily caused by an IntelligentAgent) in which some agent causes a PhysicalObject to move upward, away from the center of gravity. This is for moving PhysicalObjects; for the more general 'raising' of quantities, use 'IncreaseEvent' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'raise' in WordNet: 2. (26) raise, lift, elevate, get up, bring up - (raise from a lower to a higher position; 'Raise your hands'; 'Lift a load')`
Super-classes	Action^c MotionUpward^c
Sub-classes	LiftingaBodyPart^c RaisingByHand^c HoistingaFlag^c

RaisingAnimals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisingAnimals`
Description	'RaisingAnimals' is the act of caring for animals from the time they are young (not necessarily breeding them) until they are old enough for some purpose (e.g. to eat, give milk, breed, etc, for farm animals). NOTE that this includes 'raising' human children, which is more specifically represented by the subtype ''RaisingChildren''. `Coresponds to verb sense 6 and part of verb sense 5 of 'raise' (referring to animals), and verb sense 2 of 'rear' in WordNet: WN 'raise': 5. (6) grow, raise, farm, produce - (cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; 'The Bordeaux region produces great red wines'; 'They produce good ham in Parma'; 'We grow wheat here'; 'We raise hogs here') 6. (7) rear, raise, bring up, nurture, parent - (bring up; 'raise a family'; 'bring up children')`
Super-classes	Nurturing^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (AdultAnimal^c or AnimalType^c)
Sub-classes	RaisingChildren^c AnimalHusbandry^c

RaisingByHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisingByHand`
Description	''RaisingByHand'' is a ''Raising'' Action in which some ''Person''(s) causes a PhysicalObject to move upward, away from the center of gravity, using one or more hands. This can be done by two or more people working together on a bulky or heavy object. `NOTE: this is a 'lifting' that does not necessarily include moving an object from one location and putting it down in another. For that sense use ''MovingByLifting''; this Action is a subEvent of ''MovingByLifting''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'raise' (using the Hand) in WordNet: 2. (26) raise, lift, elevate, get up, bring up - (raise from a lower to a higher position; 'Raise your hands'; 'Lift a load')`
Super-classes	UsingTheHand^c Raising^c
Sub-classes	WeightLifting^c

RaisingChildren^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisingChildren`
Description	The act of rearing (providing food, shelter, health care and education to) one or more children, not including the act of giving birth to the child. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'rear' in WordNet: 2. (2) rear, raise, bring up, nurture, parent - (bring up; 'raise a family'; 'bring up children') WN noun 'nurture': 2. breeding, bringing up, fostering, fosterage, nurture, raising, rearing, upbringing - (helping someone grow up to be an accepted member of the community; "they debated whether nature or nurture was more important")`
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c TakingCareOfSomething^c RaisingAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some (Educating^c or FeedingAnAnimal^c or ActionType^c) isPerformedBy^op value ParentOrGuardian^c hadBeneficiary^op some Child^c hasSubEvent^op value GuardingaChild^c

RaisingCrops^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisingCrops`
Description	''RaisingCrops'' is the series of actions involved in planting and tending crop plants for "Harvesting, whether for market or personal use. The Reaping of the crops is separate ''ReapingCrops''.. Note that the Person performing this is a ''Farmer'' whether or not the ''CropPlant''s are raised for sale. `When harvested (by ''Reaping'') the useful parts of the plants (as a Group) become an instance of ''Crop''.` @mod51 "crop"
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c Cultivation^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Farmer^c hadObjectTended^op some (Plant^c or CropPlant^c or PlantType^c) occursBefore^op value ReapingCrops^c hasSubEvent^op value PlantingaPlant^c
Sub-classes	MakingHay^c

RaisingDough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisingDough`
Description	Each ''RaisingDough'' is an ''ExpandingInVolume'' in which some quantity of Dough increases in size as a result of the action of added ''Leaven''. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 15 of 'raise' in Wordnet: 15. raise, leaven, prove - (cause to puff up with a leaven; 'unleavened bread')`
Super-classes	Swelling-Generic^c
Restrictions	produces^op value LeavenedFoodObject^c isCausedBy^op value LeaveningDough^c hadObjectModified^op value PieceOfDough^c hadObjectModified^op value PieceOfDough^c usedSubstance^op value Leaven^c

RaisingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisingMoney`
Description	This is ''RasingMoney' for a non-profit organization, political candidate or 'good cause'. This is the general case of fundraising. Performing ''RaisingMOney'' as an occupation or business is an instance of the subtype ''FundRaising''. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'raise' in WordNet: 4. (14) raise - (collect funds for a specific purpose; 'The President raised several million dollars for his college')`
Super-classes	CollectingMoney^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some (NonProfitOrganization^c or SupportingaCauseOrParty^c or SponsoringaPerson^c or OrganizationType^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	FundRaising^c

RaisingaTopic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisingaTopic`
Description	Each ''RaisingaTopic'' is a ''Mentioning'' that occurs in the course of a ''Discussion'' . Corresponds to verb sense 19 of 'raise' in WordNet: 19. raise, bring up - (put forward for consideration or discussion; 'raise the question of promotions'; 'bring up an unpleasant topic') WN verb 'put forward': 1. (1) submit, state, put forward, posit - (put before; 'I submit to you that the accused is guilty')
Super-classes	Mentioning^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Discussion^c produced^op some Mention^c

RaisingaValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaisingaValue`
Description	'RaisingaValue' is an Action of IntelligentAgent in which some agent causes some quantitative value to increase. The object of this Action is an Attribute or some other intangible thing. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'raise' in WordNet: 1. (40) raise - (raise the level or amount of something; 'raise my salary'; 'raise the price of bread')`
Super-classes	Action^c IncreaseEvent^c
Sub-classes	HeatingProcess^c IncreasingaWage^c WarmingProcess^c

Rake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rake`
Description	A Device which consists of a handle and a head with at least three 'teeth' arranged in a row. This includes leaf rakes with flexible long teeth and soil rakes with shorter rigid metallic teeth. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rake' in Wordnet: 3. rake - (a long-handled tool with a row of teeth at its head; used to move leaves or loosen soil)`
Super-classes	LongHandledTool^c HandTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value RakeHead^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Raking^c
Sub-classes	HayRake^c

RakeHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RakeHead`
Description	An ''RakeHead'' is the multi-toothed end of various types of ''Rake''
Super-classes	WorkingHead^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Rake^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Rake^c

Raking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raking`
Description	The act of removing objects from a surface or moving them around a surface or gathering them with a ''Rake''. `Though this is not necessarily primarily a 'cleaning' action, the parent type is left in until more distinctions or subtypes are needed. Includes verb senses 2 and 5 of 'rake' in Wordnet: 2. (1) rake - (level or smooth with a rake; 'rake gravel') 5. rake - (gather with a rake; 'rake leaves')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c CleaningEvent^c Gathering^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value Rake^c hadObjectCleaned^op some Surface-Physical^c

Rally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rally`
Description	A ''Rally'' is an ''Assembly'' gathered together to demonstrate support for a person or cause. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rally' in WordNet: 1. (2) rally, mass meeting - (a large gathering of people intended to arouse enthusiasm)`
Super-classes	Assembly^c
Restrictions	hasCauseOrAgentSupported^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c or Action^c or ActionType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Rallying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rallying`
Description	A ''Rallying'' is a 'summoning' of people to participate in a ''Rally'' to provide support for a person or cause, by any sort of Action. `Sense 6 of RHW 'rally' is closer: 6. to come to the assistance of a person, party, or cause (often fol. by to or around): to rally around a political candidate. The closest verb sense of 'rally' in WordNet is not close enough to capture any part of the meaning of this subtype of ''Assembling'': in WordNet: 3. (1) muster, rally, summon, come up, muster up - (gather or bring together; 'muster the courage to do something'; 'she rallied her intellect'; 'Summon all your courage')`
Super-classes	SupportingaCauseOrParty^c Assembling^c Advocacy^c
Restrictions	hasCauseOrAgentSupported^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c or Action^c or ActionType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Ram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ram`
Description	A male sheep. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'ram' in WordNet: 5. ram, tup - (uncastrated adult male sheep; 'a British term is 'tup'')`
Super-classes	Sheep^c MaleAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uncastrated^c

Ram-Device^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ram-Device`
Description	A ''Ram-Device'' is a simple strong rigid ''Device'' that is used to open breaches in barriers such as a 'battering ram'' to break down doors `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'ram' in WordNet: 4. ram - (a tool for driving or forcing something by impact)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c Tool^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Blade^c

Rambling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rambling

Description

''Rambling'' is a subtype of ''ContinueTalking'' in which the talking is not well focused on a topic, or 'wanders' from one topic to another or is not connected to form a coherent assertion.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ramble' in WordNet:
          1. (2) ramble on, ramble, jog - (continue talking or writing in a desultory manner;
             "This novel rambles on and jogs")

Super-classes ContinueTalking^c

Ramp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ramp

Description

A sloping path along a solid. This differs from an ''Incline'' in being an ArtifactObject and being only wide enough for practical purposes, whereas an ''Incline'' can be natural and very wide, as on a mountain.

    SUMO: Ramp is the class of Objects that are 
      inclined planes used for moving objects from one level to another, 
      especially used for wheeled vehicles and people who cannot climb stairs.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ramp' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) ramp, incline - (an inclined surface connecting two levels)

Super-classes Incline^c
SolidSurfacePathThroughAir^c
ArtifactObject^c

Rampant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rampant

Description

A property of human Actions, especially those that are violent. This is the most general sense and can be an attribute of various things: e.g. a rampant rumor. In internet-speak this comes close to 'viral' for electronic messaging.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rampant' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) rampant - (unrestrained and violent; 'rampant aggression')

Super-classes Unrestrained^c

Ranch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ranch`
Description	The piece of RealEstate (the physical objects occupying the Earth's surface in some geographical area) which serves as the place where raising animals for sale is the primary business.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ranch' in WordNet: 1. (4) ranch, spread, cattle ranch, cattle farm - (farm consisting of a large tract of land along with facilities needed to raise livestock (especially cattle))`
Super-classes	RealEstate^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Ranching^c

RanchHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RanchHand`
Description	A ''RanchHand'' is a ''HiredHand'' who works on a ranch. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ranch hand' in WordNet: 1. ranch hand - (a hired had on a ranch)`
Super-classes	HiredHand^c
Sub-classes	Cowboy^c

Rancher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rancher`
Description	A ''Rancher'' is a Person who owns or is a part owner of a ''Ranch''. In addition to the property that is the ''Ranch'', a ''Rancher'' will typically own some animals that are raised for sale. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rancher' in WordNet: 1. (5) rancher - (a person who owns or operates a ranch)`
Super-classes	Farmer^c
Restrictions	hasOwnershipIn^op some Ranch^c

Ranching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ranching`
Description	''Ranching'' is a type of ''AnimalHusbandry'' in which animals are raised on a ''Ranch''. This may include raising crops to feed the animals. `''Livestock'' are the ''FarmAnimal''s produced. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ranching' in WordNet: 1. ranching - (farming for the raising of livestock (particularly cattle))`
Super-classes	AnimalHusbandry^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value RaisingCrops^c occursAt^op value Ranch^c produces^op value Livestock^c

Random^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Random`
Description	'Random' is the QualitativeAttributeValue that indicates that the thing (event, object) occurred randomly or was the result of a RandomEvent, or became . ''Randomized'' in a ''Randomizing'' Event. For something that experienced (was the object of)''Randomizing'' use the subtype ''Randomized''. `Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'random' in WordNet: 1. (12) random - (lacking any definite plan or order or purpose; governed by or depending on chance; 'a random choice'; 'bombs fell at random'; 'random movements') 2. (2) random - (taken haphazardly; 'a random choice')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Randomized^c

RandomChoice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RandomChoice`
Description	A 'RandomChoice' is something (object, event) chosen in a 'ChoosingAtRandom' event.
Super-classes	Choice^c
Restrictions	wasSelectedInEvent^op some ChoosingAtRandom^c isTheResultOf^op some ChoosingAtRandom^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Random^c

RandomEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RandomEvent`
Description	A 'RandomEvent' is an Event that is itself unpredictable or unknowable or has unpredictable effects in causing things to happen. Representing 'Chance' as an Event is non-intuitive, but analysis of the notion of 'chance' and 'luck' does suggest that it covers unpredicted events that have influenced some situation of interest. NOTE that 'chance events' will not typically be predictable, but after they have worked their effects, they may be recognized as having had an effect- therefore they are not necessarily 'unknown' (as suggesgted by the Wordnet gloss) except in advance. `@ToDo: chance or luck or good fortune can also be indicated by the attribute 'Lucky' for a fortunate event. Need to distinguish good luck and bad luck. This is close to the meaning of sense 1 of 'fortune' and sense 2 of 'chance' in WordNet in WordNet: 2. (8) luck, fortune, chance, hazard - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another; 'bad luck caused his downfall'; 'we ran into each other by pure chance')`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpredictable^c
Sub-classes	ChoosingAtRandom^c Luck^c

Randomized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Randomized

Description

''Randomized'' is the AttributeValue of something that exerienced ''Randomizing' so that its order has become ''Random''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'randomized' in Wordnet:
        1. randomized, randomised - (set up or distributed in a deliberately random way)

Super-classes Random^c

Randomizing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Randomizing

Description

''Randomizing'' is to 'disorder' some ''ObjectGroup'' so that they become in aproximated ''Random'' order. It is very diffucult to completely randomize something, so the resulting order is interpreted as being so randomized that it is difficult to discern the ordering.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'randomize' in WordNet:
         1. randomize, randomise - (arrange in random order; 'Randomize the order of the numbers')

Super-classes Disarranging^c

Randomly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Randomly

Description

        Test objects being 'randomly selected' is an important factor in scientific studies,
          such as 'double blind' clinical studies.
       Lotteries depend on the results being randomly chosen.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'randomly' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) randomly, indiscriminately, haphazardly, willy-nilly, arbitrarily, at random,
             every which way - (in a random manner; 'the houses were randomly scattered';
             'bullets were fired into the crowd at random')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Randy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Randy

Description

''Randy'' is the attribute of someone who is sexually aroused (See ''SexualArousal'')..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'randy' in Wordnet:
         1. aroused, horny, randy, ruttish, steamy, turned on -
            (feeling great sexual desire; 'feeling horny')

Super-classes Desirous^c

Range^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Range`
Description	A 'Range' is the distance within which some PhysicalObject can directly act on other PhysicalObjects in some specific way. This is broadly applicable to many kinds of actions. For firearms, it is the distance within which reasonably accurate fire can be directed at targets; for a person manipulating an object, it would be there reach of the arms; for communications, the distance over which the communication method can transmit its effect (e.g. for speaking, it would be the raneg of one's voice 'earshot'). For electronic communications equipment, the distance within which other communications equipment normally receiving such signals can do so with reasonable accuracy. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'range' and sense 1 of 'reach' in WordNet: 2. (14) range, reach - (the limits within which something can be effective; 'range of motion'; 'he was beyond the reach of their fire')`
Super-classes	Distance^c Scope^c
Sub-classes	Reach^c

RangeAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RangeAnimal`
Description	A ''RangeAnimal'' is a ''FarmAnimal'' that feeds on plants growing in an unfenced area (a 'range'). This is for ''Mammal''s, not for poultry. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'range animal' in WordNet: 1. range animal - (any animal that lives and grazes in the grassy open land of western North America (especially horses, cattle, sheep))`
Super-classes	FarmAnimal^c Mammal^c
Sub-classes	Maverick^c

Rank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rank`
Description	A ''Rank'' is a ''Status'' (a 'position') in some a formally organized hierarchy (e.g. of influence or salary or popularity, as in a 'Best Seller' list). `NOTE that ''Seniority'' is a subtype of 'Rank''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rank' in WordNet: 2. (6) rank - (relative status; 'his salary was determined by his rank and seniority')`
Super-classes	Status^c Role^c
Sub-classes	EducationalRank^c NumberOne^c ContestRank^c Seniority^c

RankOfPeople^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RankOfPeople

Description

A 'RankOfPeople' is a LinearlyOrderedGroup of people; aligned perpendicular to their direction of movement or to the direction they are facing. 'a police cordon two ranks deep'

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rank' in WordNet:
      1. (20) rank - (a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police)
      standing abreast of one another; 'the entrance was guarded by ranks of policemen')

Super-classes RowOfPeople^c

RankType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RankType`
Description	RankType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''Rank'' as their argument. NOTE that this type is a subtype of both ''ActionType'' (as a ''Status'' - state) and ''RoleType'' (as a ''Role'' a Person can play).
Super-classes	ActionType^c RoleType^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryRankType^c
Members	Rank Seniority Position Apprenticeship NumberOne

RankineDegree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RankineDegree`
Description	A TemperatureMeasure. Note that 0 RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero (i.e. 0 KelvinDegrees)
Super-classes	TemperatureMeasure^c

RankingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RankingSomething`
Description	''RankingSomething'' is a specialization of 'Evaluating' in which some agent tries to place objects in some order, usually of value, or assign some numerical rating relative to others. `corresponds to sense 1 of 'rate' and sense 2 of 'rank' in WordNet WN verb 'rate': 1. (9) rate, rank, range, order, grade, place - (assign a rank or rating to; 'how would you rank these students?'; 'The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide')`
Super-classes	Evaluating^c
Sub-classes	Prioritizing^c

Rankling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rankling`
Description	''Rankling'' is an AnnoyingEvent that causes a Person to become angry or resentful. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rankle' in Wordnet: 1. eat into, fret, rankle, grate - (gnaw into; make resentful or angry; 'The injustice rankled her'; 'his resentment festered')`
Super-classes	AnnoyingEvent^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some Person^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Person^c

RansomMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RansomMoney`
Description	''RansomMoney''is the ''MoneyObject'' exchanged for a ''Person'' in a 'Ransoming''Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ransom money' in WordNet: 1. (1) ransom, ransom money - (money demanded for the return of a captured person)`
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Ransoming^c

Ransoming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ransoming`
Description	''Ransoming''is the Action of performing an ''Exchange'' of Money for some ''Person'' that has been taken illegally and will not be given back without the payment of ''RansomMoney''. `The direct object is the person ransomed - the thing exchanged is the RansonMoney. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ransom' in WordNet: 1. ransom, redeem - (exchange or buy back for money; under threat) WN noun 'ransom': 2. (1) ransom - (payment for the release of someone)`
Super-classes	Exchange^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Person^c hadChangedEntity^op value RansomMoney^c

Ranting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ranting`
Description	''Ranting'' is a Speaking in which the ''Speaker'' exhibits and expresses some Emotion,in manner not intended to carefully convey information. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rant' in WordNet: 1. rant, mouth off, jabber, spout, rabbit on, rave - (talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner)`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Excitedly^c

RapMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RapMusic`
Description	''RapMusic'' has as subEvent the rhythmic talking called 'rapping' which is not yet (rev1717) represented. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rap music' in WordNet: 1. rap, rap music, hip-hop - (genre of African-American music of the 1980s and 1990s in which rhyming lyrics are chanted to a musical accompaniment; several forms of rap have emerged)`
Super-classes	PopularMusic^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Rapper^c

Rape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rape`
Description	A ''Rape'' is an ''Assault'' in which one person uses force or threat of force to compel another person to perform sexual acts, especially sexual intercourse. Most commonly this is performed by en against women but same-sex rape is included. Also, sexual activitya witht a minor (under 18 years old) is sometimes legally included,in which case this type will apply to that action as well (being too young to consent is here considered against one's consent).. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 3 of 'rape' in WordNet: 1. (4) rape, ravish, violate, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage - (force (someone) to have sex against their will; 'The woman was raped on her way home at night') WN noun 'rape': 3. rape, violation, assault, ravishment - (the crime of forcing a woman to submit to sexual intercourse against her will)`
Super-classes	Assault^c SexualAbuse^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op some Person^c

RapidOnset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RapidOnset`
Description	A ''RapidOnset'' is a ''BeginningOfAnEvent'' that occurs over a (relatively) short period of time. `Corresponds to part (or a rapid onset) of noun sense 1 of 'onset' in WordNet: 1. (42) onset, oncoming - (the beginning or early stages; 'the onset of pneumonia')`
Super-classes	BeginningOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c

RapidlyFlowingWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RapidlyFlowingWater`
Description	''RapidlyFlowingWater'' is a subtype of ''FlowingWater'' for streams of water that are flowing rapidly.
Super-classes	FlowingWater^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flowing^c

Rapids^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rapids`
Description	A ''Rapids'' is a ''StreamSection'' where the water is flowing fast,and if there are protruding rocks, may have ''WhiteWater'. Also referred to as 'white water' `CYC: part of a stream where the water is extra fast and usually broken by obstructions Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rapids' in WordNet: 1. rapid - (a part of a river where the current is very fast)`
Super-classes	StreamSection^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value RapidlyFlowingWater^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value WhiteWater^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Stream^c

Rapist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rapist`
Description	A Peson who performs ''Rape'' even once is categorized as a ''Rapist'' (for that action. NOTE:legally this includes having sex with minors under the age of consent. `CYC: The collection of people that have committed an act of #$Rape. If the act occured in a location in which it was illegal, the #$Rapist is a #$SexOffender.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rapist' in WordNet: 1. (1) raper, rapist - (someone who forces another to have sexual intercourse)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c RoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Rape^c roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value Rape^c

Rapper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rapper`
Description	A ''Rapper'' is a ''MusicalPerformer'' who talks in a rhyming rhythmic manner to the background beat of ''RapMusic''. `NOTE: in WN the parent type is 'singer' but that does not fit the usual style of a ''Rapper''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rapper' in WordNet: 1. rapper - (someone who performs rap music)`
Super-classes	MusicalPerformer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RapMusic^c

Rapport^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rapport

Description

''Rapport'' is a close ''Affinity'' of people who similar ideas or feelings on more than one topic.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rapport' in WordNet:
     1. (1) rapport, resonance - (a relationship of mutual understanding
        or trust and agreement between people)

Super-classes Affinity^c

Rare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rare`
Description	'Rare' is a property of Events that occur much less often in any given TimeInterval than is typical for the type of Event that is the basis for comparison; or recur at very long time intervals. There is no clear absolute standard of 'Rare' in this sense, but events that occur on or are easily visible from Earth less than once every twenty years can be called 'Rare' in an absolute sense. Events that occur more frequently may be relatively 'Rare', or merely 'Infrequent' To be 'Rare' an Event should occur no more than once in every fifty occurences of the Event type used for comparison. Thus a 'rare' burst of temper should occur no more often than once every thirty days or so. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'rare' in WordNet: 2. (2) rare - (recurring only at long intervals; 'a rare appearance'; 'total eclipses are rare events')`
Super-classes	Infrequent^c
Sub-classes	EmergingIntoExistence^c Remarkable^c

RareEarthElement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RareEarthElement`
Description	A ''RareEarthElement'' is any element categorized within the 'rare earth' series of elements. `RHW: any of a group of closely related metallic elements, comprising the lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium, that are chemically similar by virtue of having the same number of valence electrons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rare earth' in WordNet: 1. (1) rare earth, rare-earth element, lanthanoid, lanthanide, lanthanon - (any element of the lanthanide series (atomic numbers 57 through 71))`
Super-classes	ChemicalElement^c
Sub-classes	Erbium^c Thulium^c Lanthanum^c Holmium^c Ytterbium^c Cerium^c Promethium^c Praseodymium^c Dysprosium^c Europium^c Samarium^c Terbium^c

RareEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RareEvent`
Description	A 'RareEvent' is an 'Event' that seldom occurs, sufficiently unusual to be noteworthy. `Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'oddity' in RHW (the 'event' part): 1. an odd or remarkably unusual person, thing, or event. A truly odd event might be called a 'wonder'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 3 of 'cause' in WordNet, assuming that Events are included amnong 'oddities', though not mentioned in the WN documentation. in WordNet: 1. (2) curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, peculiarity, rarity - (something unusual - perhaps worthy of collecting)`
Super-classes	UnusualThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rare^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Infrequent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Remarkable^c

Rash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rash`
Description	Is a ''Rash' a ''Disease'' or a ''Symptom''.?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rash' in WordNet: 1. rash, roseola, efflorescence, skin rash - (any red eruption of the skin)`
Super-classes	SkinDisease^c
Restrictions	hasSymptom^op value Inflammation^c

Raspberry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raspberry

Description

A ''Raspberry'' is a small Berry consisting of multiple small parts - related to the ''Blackberry''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'raspberry' in WordNet:
         2. raspberry - (red or black edible aggregate berries usually
           smaller than the related blackberries)

Super-classes Berry^c

Raspy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raspy`
Description	''Hoarse'' is an AttributeValue of sounds, especially human voice sounds, that have a deep low tone and raspy quality. grating, gravel, gravelly, rasping, raspy `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'raspy' in Wordnet: 1. grating, gravel, gravelly, rasping, raspy, rough, scratchy - (unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound; 'a gravelly voice')`
Super-classes	Unpleasant^c
Sub-classes	Hoarse^c

Rat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rat`
Description	SUMO: A Rodent that has a hairless tail like a Mouse but that is larger than a Mouse. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rat' in WordNet: 1. (5) rat - (any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse)`
Super-classes	Vermin^c Rodent^c
Sub-classes	NorwayRat^c BlackRat^c LabRat^c

Ratchet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ratchet`
Description	A ''Ratchet'' is an''AssemblyOfMachineParts'' that includes a toothed wheel and a pawl and may have other parts to fit the two essential components to a larger Device that requires means of restricting rotary motion to a single direction. This can be found, for example, in a mechanical clock. `"ToothedWheel Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ratchet' in WordNet: 1. ratchet, rachet, ratch - (mechanical device consisting of a toothed wheel or rack engaged with a pawl that permits it to move in only one direction)`
Super-classes	MechanicalComponent^c AssemblyOfMachineParts^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Pawl^c hasComponentElement^op value RatchetWheel^c

RatchetTooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RatchetTooth`
Description	A ''RatchetTooth'' is one of multiple ''Protrusion''s arranged at fixed intervals around the outer circumference of a ''RatchetWheel'', each tooth having a triangular shape, and usually having one of its two protruding edges that is aligned with a radius of the wheel, and the other side aligned at an angle, so that the 'pawl' that contacts it will catch and prevent the wheel from moving in the direction where the pawl is located, but allow the wheel to move in the direction away from the 'pawl, thus restricting the wheel to rotation in only one direction. `NOTE: This is not represented explicitly in WN, where a 'ratchet wheel' has 'notches' rather than 'teeth'. The entry for a 'gear' tooth' is expanded to include this concept. Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'tooth' in WordNet: 5. tooth - (one of a number of uniform projections on a gear)`
Super-classes	Protrusion^c PartOfanArtifact^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEdgeOf^op value RatchetWheel^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value RatchetWheel^c hasShape^op value Triangular^c

RatchetWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RatchetWheel`
Description	A ''RatchetWheel'' is a ''ToothedWheel'' used in a ''Ratchet'' mechanism to limit the direction of rotation of the axle of the ''RatchetWheel'' to one direction. Such a wheel has a number of 'teeth' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ratchet wheel' in WordNet: 1. ratchet wheel - (toothed wheel held in place by a pawl or detent and turned by a lever)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c ToothedWheel^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Ratchet^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value DiskShaped^c hasPhysicalPart^op min 5

Rate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rate`
Description	This is the generic 'rate' that serves as a pointer to QuantitativeAttributeValues expressing the type and number of things that occur or change in some interval of time. Thus one may say 'they were made at a rate of five units per day' or 'he made four spelling errors in every paragraph' `The type of 'rate' that is referenced in such a statement is expressed by a ''RatioQuantity'' or any of its subtypes such as ''RateMeasure'' (a magnitude or frequency)`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op some (RatioQuantity^c or RateMeasure^c)
Sub-classes	Swiftness^c Speed^c

RateDecrease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RateDecrease`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which the 'rate' of something decreases. This is the intransitive Event,caused by the transitive Action of ''RetardingaProcess''. The 'process' retarded can be any ''ProcessiveEvent'' in which some quantity of things per unit time is added or subtracted or changed so that some measurable quantity per unit time is reduced. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deceleration' in Wordnet: 1. (2) deceleration, slowing, retardation - (a decrease in rate of change; 'the deceleration of the arms race')`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value RetardingaProcess^c
Sub-classes	Deceleration^c

RateIncrease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RateIncrease`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which the 'rate' of something is increased, i.e. some process in which some quantity of things per unit time is added or subtracted is modofied so that the quantity per unit time iss changed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet: 1. (2) acceleration - (an increase in rate of change; 'modern science caused an acceleration of cultural change')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c
Sub-classes	Acceleration^c ExpeditingaProcess^c Catalysis^c

RateMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RateMeasure`
Description	The 'Measurement' that expresses the type *and number of things that occur in some interval of time, as in '5 metersPerSecond', '100 dollarsPerMonth', etc. The CYC functions that instantiate rates (see CYC doc below) are not yet (rev1021) implemented in COSMO. @ToDo. NOTE: the units and measures to express things occurring in some time interval in COSMO are organized in four classes, the first three of which are UnitsOfMeasure: FrequencyUnit: reciprocal time units, as ;perSecond', 'perHour', 'perYear' Frequency: number of (something) that occurs in some time unit, as '5 perHour', '2 perDay' RateUnit: the things that occur in some time unit, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. RateMeasure: a 'Measurement' which is a Pair having a Quantifier and a RateUnit, as in '2 dosesPerDay', '100 carsPerDay', '20 metersPerSecond', In COSMO rates are measures (see ''RateUnit'') that have some Quantifier, and a RateMeasure unit (such as metersPerSecond) to get a Rate of things per unit time, as '5 metersPerSecond'. The subtypes of ''RateUnit'' specify the measure that recurs. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity and #$RatioQuantity (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Rate is a multi-dimensional quantity made up of some quantity (e.g. distance traveled or money spent), taken with respect to some quantity of time. Instances of #$Rate include, for example, the instances of #$Speed (e.g. 55 mph), #$Frequency (e.g. 55 kHz), and #$MonetaryFlowRate (e.g. 55 cents per minute). See also #$UnitOfRate, the collection of functions used to measure rates (e.g. #$DollarsPerYear, #$MetersPerSecond)
Super-classes	Measurement^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c RatioQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op some RateUnit^c
Sub-classes	AmountPerTime^c Productivity^c BirthRate^c Pace^c MusicalTempo^c SpeedMeasure^c BitsPerSecond^c AccelerationRate^c IncidenceRate^c CyclesPerSecondMeasure^c RateOfFlow^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#often http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#seldom

RateOfDescent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RateOfDescent`
Description	''RateOfDescent'' is a measure of speed applied to ''PhysicalObject''s performing a ''MotionDownward''. this does not measure the actual velocity of the Object, but the rate at which the object is approaching the Earths surface. For a sloping downward path,these can be very different. `Measured by instruments in airplanes.`
Super-classes	SpeedMeasure^c
Restrictions	isaMeasureOf^op value Descending^c
Sub-classes	TerminalVelocity^c

RateOfFlow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RateOfFlow

Description

A ''RateOfFlow'' is a measure of the number or quantity of a substance or Group of objects that is moving together in the same direction. The specific units will depend on the type of thing moving, and any unit of time as the denominator.

      Includes but is broader (including groups of objects as well as fluids)
            than noun sense 1 of 'rate of flow' in WordNet:
        1. flow, flow rate, rate of flow - (the amount of fluid that flows in a given time)

Super-classes RateMeasure^c

RateUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RateUnit`
Description	A unit expressing the type of things that occur in some unit of time, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. For the general notion of ratios of quantities, use 'RatioQuantity'. NOTE: the units and measures to express things occurring in some time interval in COSMO are organized in four classes, the first three of which are UnitsOfMeasure: FrequencyUnit: reciprocal time units, as ;perSecond', 'perHour', 'perYear' Frequency: number of (something) that occurs in some time unit, as '5 perHour', '2 perDay' RateUnit: the type of things that occur in some time unit, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. RateMeasure: A 'Measurement' which is a Pair having a Quantifier and a RateUnit, as in '2 dosesPerDay', '100 carsPerDay', '20 metersPerSecond', Cyc: A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$Frequency is the number of times something happens during some time interval. Instances of #$Frequency may be either single values (see the collection #$ScalarPointValue), such as 103 kiloHertz, or a range of values, such as #$Rarely. Note that instances of #$Frequency are important in the characterization of types of #$WavePropagation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rate' in WordNet: 2. (242) rate - (a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; 'they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour'; 'the rate of change was faster than expected')
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasRepeatedEntity^op some owl:Thing^c hasUnit^op some FrequencyUnit^c
Sub-classes	InflationRate^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CyclesPerSecond http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#eventsPerMonth http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#metersPerSecond http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#eventsPerDay http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MilesPerHour

Rather^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rather

Description

'Rather' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of intensity greater than that suggested by ''Moderately''. For intensities close to the minimum use 'Somewhat', and for distinctly more than the average, use 'Very' or ''Extremely''. The effect of this modifier is to emphasize that the attribute it modifies definitely applies to the thing that the attribute modifies, and the degree of intensity of the attribute is more than 'Moderately' and less than 'Very'. If a person is rather tall, then the speaker thinks that s/he is unquestionably tall. When the attributes are context sensitive the modifier is also context sensitive. This is an adverb whose general sense is 'to a significant degree'. 'She's doing rather well' 'His handwriting is rather poor'

       This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by
        a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb.
        These terms may be used variably by different people; in COSMO they form a
        hierarchy close to a common linguistic usage.
           The levels of intensity from low to high are:
             Somewhat
             Moderately
             Signifiantly
             Rather
             Very
             Extremely

       Corresponds to sense 1 of 'rather' in RHW:
          1. in a measure; to a certain extent; somewhat: rather good.
     NOTE: 'rather' and 'quite' tend to modify adjectives, whereas
       'considerably' and 'substantially' are sentence modifiers.
       But these have very similar intensity values so they are
       included together in this type as similar in meaning.
       'well' tends to be used mostly with 'above' or 'below',
       but also with PastParticiples ('well read', 'well tanned').

     Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 4 of 'rather' in WordNet,
       but quite is also used with 'completely' as a more intensive level.
     in WordNet:
        4. (59) quite, rather - (to a degree (not used with a negative); 
           'quite tasty'; 'quite soon'; 'quite ill'; 'quite rich')
      WN adverb 'considerably':
       1. (21) well, considerably, substantially - (to a great extent or degree;
          'I'm afraid the film was well over budget'; 'painting the room white made
             it seem considerably (or substantially) larger'; 
              'the house has fallen considerably in value'; 
              'the price went up substantially')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Ratifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ratifying`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ratify' in WordNet: 1. (5) sign, ratify - (approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation; 'All parties ratified the peace treaty'; 'Have you signed your contract yet?') WN noun 'ratification': 1. ratification, confirmation - (making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it; 'the ratification of the treaty'; 'confirmation of the appointment')`
Super-classes	Validating^c Acceptance^c LinguisticCommunication^c AgreeingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Valid^c isPerformedBy^op value Authority^c

RatingScale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RatingScale`
Description	A 'RatingScale' is a 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' of symbols representing some set of intensive measures of something, usually a quality; the symbols may be numbers ('rating performance on a scale of 1 to 10, where 10 is the best'); letters (school grades on a scale of F, D, C, B, or A), or other ordered symbols used as measures of some quality. The elements of this type of ''Group'' are usually called a ''Grade'', a subtype of ''Evaluation''. This can be used for school 'grades' or performace ratings in a contest, or quality ratings in food products, as well as other results of estimating worth or quality. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'scale' in WordNet: 1. (14) scale, scale of measurement, graduated table, ordered series - - (an ordered reference standard; 'judging on a scale of 1 to 10')`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Grade^c
Sub-classes	Subscale^c

Ratio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ratio`
Description	A ratio of two quantifiable things, which can be numbers, or units of measure, or a mixture of both. For the numeric ratio use ''NumericRatio''. For units of measure, e.g. 'metersPerSecond' is a Ratio, as is 'N_2_3' (two thirds). The essence of a ratio is that it is the result of some kind of 'division' of one thing by another. For numeric ratios, see the subtype 'NumericRatio'. Each 'Ratio' (inc;uding the subtype ''NumericRatio'' is represented as an OrderedPair, with the numerator first and denominator second. Though any such ratio could be represented approximately as a ratio of integers, for convenience, either numerator or denominator can be a RationalNumber. Thus if one wants to represent a ratio of 1.5, one can represent it as {1.5, 1) or {3,2} or otherwise, depending on what is convenient. This type also included RealNumber ratios, as when one wants to represent 'pi/2'. In this finite universe the full value can never be written but having the abilty to at least symbolically repreent real numbers in ratios can be useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ratio' in Wordnet: 1. (29) ratio - (the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c Quantity^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (Quantity^c or QuantityType^c)
Sub-classes	ModelSizeScaleRatio^c UnitRatio^c DimensionlessRatio^c NumericRatio^c Derivative^c
In domain of	hasDenominator^op hasNumerator^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_5_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_3_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyPercent http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_3_2

RatioQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RatioQuantity`
Description	COSMO note: except for the subtype ''DimensionlessRatio'', this is not a pure ratio, but a MeasurableQuantity that is a ratio of other MeasurableQuantities. It is represented, as are other MeasurableQuantities, as a Quantifier and a unit. In this case the quantifier is a ratio and therefore a RationalNumber, and the unit is expressed as a ratio of other units. NOTE that the value of 'hasQuantifier' is allowed to be any 'Quantifier' including NumberRange. For a ratio of dimensionless numbers use ''DimensonlessRatio'' For things occurrring per unit time use 'RateUnit'. Cyc: A specialization of #$MultiDimensionalQuantity (q.v.). Each instance of #$RatioQuantity is a quantity that is derivable (via #$QuotientFn) as a ratio of other quantities. For example, (#$MilesPerHour 65) is a ratio quantity obtainable by dividing (#$Mile 65) by (#$HoursDuration 1); and (#$PoundsPerSquareInch 50) is equal to (#$QuotientFn (#$Pound-UnitOfForce 50) (#$SquaredFn (#$Inch 1))) . Ratio quantities are used for measuring a difference or change in one quantity against a (usually incremental) difference or change in another quantity. When the later quantity is a #$Time-Quantity (as in the first example above), the ratio quantity is an instance of the specialization #$Rate. See also #$PerFn. The sense of 'per' as in ratios like 'miles per hour', 'grams per liter', 'candela per square meter' is the sense used to express this type of ratio.
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some (RealNumber^c or Quantifier^c or QuantifierType^c)
Sub-classes	ConcentrationMeasure^c ProbabilityPerTimeUnit^c DimensionlessRatio^c NumericalCorrelation^c RateMeasure^c EfficiencyValue^c
In domain of	hasDenominatorDimension^op hasNumeratorDimension^op

Ration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ration`
Description	A ''Ration'' is one portion (usually daily) of the ''RegularFare'' that is provided to people in certain controlled situations where they are not free to get and eat whatever they want, as in institutions like prisons or hospitals and in the military. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ration' in WordNet: 1. (7) ration - (the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel); 'the rations should be nutritionally balanced')`
Super-classes	RegularFare^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value AdequateNutrition^c

Rational^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rational`
Description	''Rational'' is a level of 'Reasonable' applying to beliefs or conclusions that are based to some extent on a reasoning process that uses ''Reasonable'' assumptions, verified facts, and ''Logical'' thinking. `For the attribute of reasoning processes that use formal ''Logic'' or similar analytical methods, use ''Logical'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rational' in Wordnet: 1. (4) rational - (consistent with or based on or using reason; 'rational behavior'; 'a process of rational inference'; 'rational thought') WN adj 'logical': 2. (5) legitimate, logical - (based on known statements or events or conditions; 'rain was a logical expectation, given the time of year')`
Super-classes	Reasonable^c
Sub-classes	Impartial^c Logical^c DisposedToReason^c

RationalBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RationalBehavior`
Description	Each ''RationalBehavior'' is a Behavior of an individual person that arises from of the dominance of logical, analytical and rational thinking and, if performed publicly, can be interpreted by other people as evidence or careful and logical rather than emotional thinking. `NOTE @ToDo Rev1305: a lot more can be said about rational vs. emotional thinking. @Needs more input from experts.`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Behavior^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rational^c

RationalNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RationalNumber`
Description	Any RealNumber that is the product of dividing two Integers. To represent a fraction in the name of a RationalNumber, the prefix 'N_' should be used, and to separate the two integers, an underscore can be used (to stay within the OWL naming conventions). Thus three-halves would be named 'N_3_2',and two-thirds would be 'N_2_3'. However, percents, which are also rational numbers, will have a different naming scheme. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rational number' in WordNet: 1. rational number, rational - (an integer or a fraction)`
Super-classes	RealNumber^c
Sub-classes	RationalRatio^c Integer^c Quota^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_5_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_10 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_3_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_261.63 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_7 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_1000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_100 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_9 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_8 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_3_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Half http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_2

RationalRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RationalRatio`
Description	A ratio of two RationalNumbers, represented as an OrderedPair, with the numerator first and denominator second. Though any such ratio could be represented as a ratio of integers, for convenience, either numerator or denominator can be a RationalNumber. Thus if one wants to represent a ratio of 1.5, one can represent it as {1.5, 1) or {3,2} or otherwise, depending on what is convenient. NOTE that since this is restricted to RationalNumbers, this type cannot be used to represent symbolic ratios on transcendental numbers, such as pi/2 or e/4.
Super-classes	NumericRatio^c RationalNumber^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only RationalNumber^c

Rationale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rationale`
Description	A CausalExplanation is an Explanation that can answer the NOTE: the WN gloss includes 'principle' as in the principle of working of a Device. This type is broader, including different types of 'explanation' such as the rationale for a decision. The WN 'principle' should be a subtype. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'rationale' in WordNet: 1. (3) rationale, principle - ((law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature); 'the rationale for capital punishment'; 'the principles of internal-combustion engines')
Super-classes	CausalExplanation^c
Sub-classes	OperatingPrinciple^c

RationaleForAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RationaleForAction`
Description	A RationaleForAction is a Motive based on a conclusion derived from a reasoning process (as contrasted with motives derived from intuitions or emotions). This overlaps but is not identical to the senses of 'rationale' in WordNet, and is a specialization of sense 1 of 'rationale' in RWH. `RHW (rationale) 1. the fundamental reason or reasons serving to account for something. in WordNet: WN noun 'reason': 1. (78) reason, ground - (a rational motive for a belief or action; 'the reason that war was declared'; 'the grounds for their declaration')`
Super-classes	Argument^c Explanation^c Justification^c Conclusion^c Motive^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op only GoalSituation^c
Sub-classes	Disincentive^c MoralPrinciple^c Incentive^c

Rationality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rationality`
Description	This sense of ''Rationality'' is a subtype of ''Sanity'', a state in which a Person tends to be reasonable and make decisions based on facts more than emotions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rationality' in WordNet: 1. rationality, reason, reasonableness - (the state of having good sense and sound judgment; 'his rationality may have been impaired'; 'he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions')`
Super-classes	Sanity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Rational^c

Rationalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rationalizing`
Description	''Rationalizing'' is an 'Explaining' that uses ''Reasoning'' to provide a justification for some statement or action.. When the motive for ''Rationalizing'' is to explain some asertions or actions that have been criticized, the 'Reasoning'' used may not be logically sound, but merely a defensive attempt to sound logical even though the reason given may not be the actual reason or may have no basis in fact. The explanation given is an attempted 'justification' (''RationaleForAction''). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'rationalize' in WordNet: 2. apologize, apologise, excuse, justify, rationalize, rationalise - (defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by reasoning; 'rationalize the child's seemingly crazy behavior'; 'he rationalized his lack of success')`
Super-classes	Justifying^c Explaining^c
Restrictions	produced^op some RationaleForAction^c

Rattle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rattle`
Description	Small simple hand-held baby's toy.having a handle attached to a small closed portion having pellets that create a ''Rattling'' sound when shaken with the hand. It should hold at least 2 ''Pellet''s to produce the desired effect. `@ToDo: similar to maracas? But maracas are not a baby's toy - so not a subtype of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rattle' in WordNet: 2. rattle - (a baby's toy that makes percussive noises when shaken)`
Super-classes	Device-UserPowered^c ContainerAndContents^c HandSizedObject^c Toy^c
Restrictions	isCommonlyUsedBy^op value HumanInfant^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent^op value Rattling^c canEmitSound^op value Rattling^c isDesignedToBeHeldBy^op value Hand^c physicallyContains^op min 2

Rattlesnake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rattlesnake`
Description	SUMO: A subclass of Snake which derives its name from the fact that it can manipulate its tail in such a way as to produce a sound like that of a rattle, due to segmented hardened skin pieces that can vibate against each other (a 'rattle'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rattlesnake' in WordNet: 1. (6) rattlesnake, rattler - (pit viper with horny segments at the end of the tail that rattle when shaken)`
Super-classes	PitViper^c
Restrictions	canEmitSound^op value Rattling^c

Rattling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rattling

Description

A ''Noise'' consisting of a quickly repeated series of short sounds of relatively high pitch, as made by objects colliding. This is the compound Event consisting of producing such sounds and the propagation of those sounds. @ToDo: These subevents may be dissociated if necessary.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'rattle'
         in WordNet:
           1. (3) rattle, rattling, rale - (a rapid series of short loud
             sounds (as might be heard with a stethoscope in
             some types of respiratory disorders); 'the death rattle')
          WN verb 'rattle':
            1. (4) rattle - (make short successive sounds)

Super-classes Noise^c

Raucous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raucous

Description

''Raucous'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Boisterous'' Person or a GroupOfPeople who are disturbing some members of the 'public', not just those inside a room or building.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'raucous' in WordNet:
        2. (1) raucous, rowdy - (disturbing the public peace; loud and rough;
          'a raucous party'; 'rowdy teenagers')

Super-classes Boisterous^c

Rave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rave`
Description	A ''Rave'' is a ''Dance'' where popular music is played for dancing, often at a 'disco'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rave' in WordNet: 1. rave - (a dance party that lasts all night and electronically synthesized music is played; 'raves are very popular in Berlin')`
Super-classes	Dance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Overnight^c uses^op value ElectronicMusic^c

RaveReview^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RaveReview`
Description	A ''RaveReview'' is a ''Critique' that is enthusiastically highly favorable. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rave' in WordNet: 2. rave - (an extravagantly enthusiastic review; 'he gave it a rave')`
Super-classes	Critique^c ComplimentText^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Complimentary^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c

Ravel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ravel`
Description	Each ''Ravel'' is a 'Defect' in a ''FabricObject'' consisting of a visible separation of some line of stitches, sometimes seen in a lady's nylon or silk stockings, and there it is commonly called a 'run'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ravel' and noun sense 13 of 'run' in WordNet: 2. run, ladder, ravel - (a row of unravelled stitches; 'she got a run in her stocking')`
Super-classes	DamagedPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FabricObject^c

Raveling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raveling`
Description	A ''Fiber'' that was part of a ''FabricObject'' and came off, usually due to wear. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raveling' in WordNet: 1. raveling, ravelling - (a bit of fiber that has become separated from woven fabric)`
Super-classes	Fiber^c LongAndThinThing^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	wasaPartOf^op value FabricObject^c

Ravelings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ravelings`
Description	A 'Group of ''Raveling''s, considered as an Object. `Is the plural of noun sense 1 of 'raveling' in WordNet: 1. raveling, ravelling - (a bit of fiber that has become separated from woven fabric)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Raveling^c

Raven^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raven

Description

A ''Raven'' is a Big black bird, bigger than a crow. It is not native to eastern USA, but common in the west.

       NOTE: the eastern European 'crow' can be black and grey.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raven' in WordNet:
        1. raven, Corvus corax - (large black bird with a straight bill and long wedge-shaped tail)

Super-classes CorvineBird^c
Blackbird^c

Ravine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ravine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ravine' in WordNet: 1. ravine - (a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water))`
Super-classes	Gap-Topographical^c Valley^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Steep-sided^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Deep^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Narrow^c
Sub-classes	Gorge^c

RavingAboutSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RavingAboutSomething

Description

''RavingAboutSomething'' is an intensive form of ''Praising'' that is done with entusiasm.

      Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'rave' in WordNet:
        3. rave, gush - (praise enthusiastically; 'She raved about that new restaurant')

Super-classes Praising^c

Raw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Raw

Description

An Attribute of Food (uncooked).

    Cyc: An instance of #$PreparationAttribute. Instances
        of #$Raw are in or nearly in their natural state, and in
        particular have not been #$Cooked.

        @ToDo: Metaphorical uses such as 'raw'data' are not yet (rev1067) represented.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'raw' in WordNet:
         3. (1) raw - (not treated with heat to prepare it for eating)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RawFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RawFood`
Description	A substance: The collection of all instances of #$Food that have not been cooked. `SUMO: Food that is not the result of Cooking.`
Super-classes	Food^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Raw^c
Sub-classes	Dough^c

Ray^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ray`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'ray' in WordNet: 7. ray - (cartilaginous fishes having horizontally flattened bodies and enlarged winglike pectoral fins with gills on the underside; most swim by moving the pectoral fins)`
Super-classes	Elasmobranch^c
Sub-classes	StingRay^c

Rayon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rayon`
Description	''Rayon'' is a ''Fabric'' made from ''RayonFiber''s. `CYC 'RayonCloth': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rayon' in WordNet: 1. rayon - (a synthetic silklike fabric)`
Super-classes	Fabric^c
Restrictions	consistsOfManyOf^op value RayonFiber^c

RayonFiber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RayonFiber`
Description	A ''RayonFiber'' is a thin ''Fiber'' consisting of ''Rayon''.
Super-classes	Filament^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value RayonStuff^c

RayonStuff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RayonStuff

Description

CYC; A collection of textile fibers made from cellulose and having a variety of uses ranging from clothing to automobile tires.

        RHW: a regenerated, semisynthetic textile filament made from cellulose,
           cotton linters, or wood chips by treating these with caustic soda 
           and carbon disulfide and passing the resultant solution, viscose, 
           through spinnerets.

        NOTE: neither the CYC gloss (parent 'fiber') nor WN gloss (parent 'fabric')
          for 'rayon' cover the meaning intended by this type.  COSMO 'Rayon' is
          a substance that is the main substance of a 'rayon fiber' which
          can be woven to produce a 'rayon fabric'.  These are three different
          types of concept.  For the fabric use ''Rayon''.
        The CYC concept has parent ''Plastic'' so is interpreted as a 
          substance, which is this type.

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c
Plastic^c

Razing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Razing`
Description	''Razing'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which some ''Structure'' was taken apart or broken apart by a ''PurposefulAction'', until lttle or none of it remains. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'raze' in WordNet: 1. level, raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take down, pull down - (tear down so as to make flat with the ground; 'The building was levelled')`
Super-classes	DestructionEvent^c CeasingToExist^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Structure^c

Razor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Razor`
Description	A ''Razor'' is any device used for cutting hair off the surface of the skin close to the skin so as to leave little or no visible hair. This is for both bladed razors and electrical razors (which may have blades not obvious). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'razor' in WordNet: 1. (5) razor - (edge tool used in shaving)`
Super-classes	CuttingDevice^c HandTool^c SharpObject^c HardObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Shaving^c hasPhysicalPart^op value RazorBlade^c

RazorBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RazorBlade`
Description	A ''RazorBlade'' is a ''FlatBlade'' that is has a straight and ''VerySharp' cutting edge, either an inbuilt part or a detachable part of a ''Razor. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'razor blade' in WordNet: 1. razorblade - (a blade that has very sharp edge)`
Super-classes	FlatBlade^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VerySharp^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Razor^c

Re-EnteringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Re-EnteringSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 're-enter' in WordNet: 1. (2) re-enter - (enter again; 'You cannot re-enter the country with this visa')`
Super-classes	EnteringSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value EnteringSomething^c

Re-examining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Re-examining`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 're-examine' in WordNet: 1. re-examine - (question after cross-examination by opposing counsel; 're-examine one's witness')`
Super-classes	Examining^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Examining^c impliesPriorEventType^op value CrossExamining^c occursDuring^op value CourtCase^c hasDirectObject^op value Witness^c

ReCreating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReCreating`
Description	''ReCreating'' is an Action in which an Object or some part or attribute of an Object that was lost or destroyed is restored or made again by some act of ''Creation''. This is a geeral type This general type can reverse the effect of any kind of ''LosingSomething''. RHW recreate: synsL Syn.reproduce, remake. ??NOTE: WN has different listings for 're-create' and 'recreate' that seem to have the same meaning, This type is more general than the WN glosses suggest - this type is for recreating anything, Includes verb senses 1 of 're-create' and sense 4 of 'recreate' and part of sense 1 of 'remake' (involving creating something, not just adding something) in WordNet: 1. (1) re-create - (create anew; 'Re-create the boom of the West on a small scale') WN verb 'recreate': 4. recreate - (create anew; 'she recreated the feeling of the 1920's with her stage setting') WN verb remake': 1. (2) remake, refashion, redo, make over - (make new; 'She is remaking her image')
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c Creation^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Reinventing^c Renewing^c Regenerating^c RestoringEvent^c

ReElected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReElected`
Description	''ReElected'' is the attribute of an ''Electee'', who was previously elected to the same office.
Super-classes	Elected^c

ReElectingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReElectingSomeone`
Description	'ReElectingSomeone'' is an ''ElectingSomeone'' in which the ''Electee'' is the 'incumbent' already having served in the same elected office. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reelect' in WordNet: 1. (3) reelect, return - (elect again)`
Super-classes	ElectingSomeone^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ReElection^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value ReElected^c hasDirectObject^op value Incumbent^c

ReElection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReElection`
Description	The parent type of ''ReElection'' is ''BecomingElected'', not ''Election''. A ''ReElection'' is a special kind of ''BecomingElected'', an 'intransitive' action performed by someone who is already an ''Electee'' from a prior Election. This can be a re-election while still holding the same office, or a re-election after a lapse when out of office, so it is not necessarily performed by a current office-holder. `?Q: perhaps this should be restricted to direct re-election without a lapse, the more common type? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reelection' in WordNet: 1. (1) reelection - (election again; 'he did not run for reelection')`
Super-classes	BecomingElected^c Recurrence^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value BecomingElected^c isPerformedBy^op value Electee^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value ReElectingSomeone^c

ReIntroducing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReIntroducing`
Description	''ReIntroducing'' is an Action in which an Person is introduced again to some other Person(s), or introduces her/himself to some other Person(s). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reintroduce' in WordNet: 1. reintroduce, re-introduce - (introduce anew; "We haven't met in a long time, so let me reintroduce myself")`
Super-classes	IntroducingSomeone^c RedoingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value IntroducingSomeone^c

ReNaming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReNaming`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rename' in WordNet: 1. (2) rename - (assign a new name to; 'Many streets in the former East Germany were renamed in 1990')`
Super-classes	Recurrence^c Naming^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Naming^c hadChangedEntity^op value Name^c

Reach^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reach

Description

A 'Reach' is approximately the Range of a person's arms for the purpose of grasping something; this is a distance within which a person can touch or pick up another Object. This is the sense of 'reach' in phrases like 'he put the remote control within his reach on the table' This is not necessarily an arm's length, as some other motion (e.g. leaning over) of the body may be required to grasp the object.

     @ToDo: relate to 'near'?? = 'within reach'

     metaphorical senses are not included here.

      Corresponds to only part of noun sense 1 of 'reach' in WordNet:
         2. (14) range, reach - (the limits within which something can be effective;
         'range of motion'; 'he was beyond the reach of their fire')

Super-classes Range^c

Reaching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reaching`
Description	CYC: The collection of actions where an agent extends their arm(s) to reach something. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 (no metaphorical sense here) of 'reach' in WordNet: 3. (29) reach, reach out - (move forward or upward in order to touch; also in a metaphorical sense; 'Government reaches out to the people')`
Super-classes	UsingTheHand^c ArmMovement^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value Touching^c

ReachingaGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReachingaGoal`
Description	''ReachingaGoal'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' in which the intended Goal is 'reached' by some form of 'going' along some conceptual 'distance', whether abstract or physical. This must be the end of an Action with more than one conceptual step. This can be performed by any ''INtentionalAgent'' including animals and automatos as well as people. NOTE: for a Person reaching a goal, the subtype ''ReachingaGoalState'' may be more specific; for a Person arriving at a location the subtype ''ArrivingAtAPlace'' should be used. This can be viewed as the final subevent of a ''SuccessfulAction'', the concluding achievement of the desired end state of some ''AttemptingActivity''. The most common form is to arrive at a dstination (see ''ArrivingAtAPlace'') after traveling. But abstract or metaphorical goals are also included, and may be distinguished by subtypes. COSMO linguistic NOTE: the term 'achievement' and ''accomplishment' have been used in a technical sense by linguists: see for example p.101 in James D.McCawley, 'Adverbs, Vowels and Other Objects of Wonder' (University of Chicago Press, 1979). This type ''ReachingaGoal'' is similar to MaCawley's 'achievement' and the parent type ''SuccessfulAction'' is similar to 'accomplishment' in McCawley. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reach' in WordNet: 1. (4) reach, make, get to, progress to - (reach a goal, e.g., 'make the first team'; 'We made it!'; 'She may not make the grade')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c AnimateActivity^c SuccessfulAction^c ReachingaState^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value SuccessfulAction^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (IntentionalAgent^c or Animal^c or AnimalType^c or GroupOfPeople^c)
Sub-classes	ReachingaGoalState^c Fulfillment^c

ReachingaGoalState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReachingaGoalState`
Description	''ReachingaGoalState'' is a ''ReachingaGoal'' Action performed by a ''Person''. The Goal may be abstract or Physical. For reaching a destination location, use subtype ''ArrivingAtAPlace''. `WN verb 'reach' 1. (111) reach, make, attain, hit, arrive at, gain - (reach a destination, either real or abstract; 'We hit Detroit by noon'; 'The water reached the doorstep'; 'We barely made it to the finish line'; 'I have to hit the MAC machine before the weekend starts')`
Super-classes	ReachingaGoal^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadEndingState^op some (InstantaneousState^c or PersistentState^c or EventType^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	ArrivingAtAPlace^c

ReachingaState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReachingaState`
Description	'ReachingaState' is a CompletionEvent which is part of an Event of longer duration, and at the end of which some specific state exists; this is used mostly to specify that some state exists that was approached in a more or less continuous or gradual manner. NOTE ''ReachingaState'' is a broad general concept, that doe not need to be an''Action'', it can be a natural process. The analogous type for the end state of an ''AttemptingAction'' is the subtype ''"ReachingaGoal'' For a Person reaching a goal, the subtype ''ReachingaGoalState'' will be more specific; for a Person arriving at a location the subtype ''ArrivingAtAPlace'' should be used. Examples: 'The temperature reached 35 deg C by noon'; 'Jack got to be 6 feet tall before age 18'; 'the waters reached 20 feet over flood stage before receding'. For the sense of arriving physically at some location, use 'ArrivingAtaPlace'. As with all Events, there is an 'InstantaneousState at the ending time', but for instances of 'ReachingaState' that end state must be explicitly represented. To 'reach' a time point is also part of this type, but in that case the relevant 'fluent' of the state achieved is the existence of something at that point in time, possibly with some of its poperties also represented: 'He had almost no sleep and he got to 5 o'clock exhausted.' 'By the time the store closed there were only two boxes left'. Use of this type implies some gradual process that results in the state described. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'reach' in WordNet: 2. (40) reach, hit, attain - (reach a point in time, or a certain state or level; 'The thermometer hit 100 degrees'; 'This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour')
Super-classes	CompletionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadEndingState^op some (InstantaneousState^c or PersistentState^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	DevelopingaNewProduct^c ReachingaGoal^c

Reactant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reactant`
Description	This 'Reactant' is a specialized term for chemistry. Each subtype of 'Reactant' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is one of the 'ChemicallyDefinedSubstance's in a 'ChemicalTransformationEvent' (including biochemical reactions). `If the role of a Reactant as a 'precursor' of some other substance is to be emphasized, the subtype 'ChemicalPrecursor' can be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reactant' in WordNet: 1. (12) reactant - (a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction)`
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c SubstanceRole^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some ChemicalTransformationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Substrate^c ChemicalPrecursor^c

Reaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reaction`
Description	Each 'Reaction' is an instance of an Event in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' (animals,usually) performs an ''Action'' that is preceded by another Event (a stimulus) that is not necessarily a direct 'cause' of the Reaction; this kind of reaction is not for autonomous processes of animals (use ''Responding''), but is mediated by some mental process that is at least partly conscious, though perhaps merely intuitive or reflexive. The rapid reactionthatis a near-immediate response to some 'stimulus' is represented by the subtype ''Responding''. The reaction is caused by some internal process of the Object doing the reacting, and the internal process is triggered by the Event to which the ''Reaction'' is a response. The more specific subtype 'Responding' is used to represent response of animals to stimuli. NOTE that a 'Reaction' is a Role that some Event plays in the situation in which the Action and Reaction are components. This includes senses 1 and 2 of 'reaction', sense 3 of 'response' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'respond' in WordNet: WN 'reaction': 1. (436) reaction - (a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude; 'he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance'; 'John feared his mother's reaction when she saw the broken lamp') 2. (156) reaction, response - - (a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent; 'a bad reaction to the medicine'; 'his responses have slowed with age') WN verb 'respond' 1. (33) react, respond - (show a response or a reaction to something)
Super-classes	Action^c Effect^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Responding^c Overreacting^c Succumbing^c Marveling^c

ReactionChain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReactionChain`
Description	Each 'ReactionChain' is a LinearlyOrderedGroup consisting exclusively of PhysicalSubstances, or of instances of SubstanceType. This is a specialized class to represent the order of substances in some reaction chain, whether synthetic (see ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis'') or natural (as in some pathway of biosynthesis). The reactions that cause the transformations in a ReactionChain are represented as instances of 'ChemicalTransformationEvent'. `NOTE that for flexibility, one element of this Group may itself be a 'SubstanceGroup' (where there is more than one product at some stage).`
Super-classes	SubstanceGroup^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceGroup^c or SubstanceType^c)

Reactionary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reactionary

Description

''Reactionary'' is an extreme degree of ''Right-Wing'' (''Conservative'') characterizing a ''ReactionaryPerson'' who opposes Liberalism and supports undoing liberal polices and returning to earlier governmenta policies.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reactionary' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) reactionary, reactionist, far-right - (extremely conservative)

Super-classes Right-Wing^c

ReactionaryPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReactionaryPerson`
Description	A ''ReactionaryPerson'' is a ''ConservativePerson'' whose views on politics are more extremely ''PoliticallyConservative'', strongly supporting return to govermental policies of past times, and opposing liberal pollicies. `NOTE: need to add 'returning to previous policies' or 'undoing' some policy?? to specify waht is sppported.? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reactionary' in WordNet: 1. (5) reactionary, ultraconservative, extreme right-winger - (an extreme conservative; an opponent of progress or liberalism)`
Super-classes	ConservativePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PoliticallyConservative^c opposesCauseOrProposition^op value Liberalism^c

Reactive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reactive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'reactive' in Wordnet: 2. reactive - (tending to react to a stimulus; 'the skin of the geriatric is less reactive than that of younger persons'- Louis Tuft)`
Super-classes	Unstable^c

Readable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Readable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'readable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clear, decipherable, readable - (easily deciphered)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Reader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reader`
Description	A ''Reader'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who reads some text. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'reader' in WordNet = anyone who is reading is in the ''Role''of''Reader'' at that time: 1. (19) reader - (a person who enjoys reading)`
Super-classes	Person^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Reading^c

Readership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Readership`
Description	Each ''Readership'' is a ''LargeGroupOfPeople'' consisting of the ''Reader''s of some specific printed material. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'readership' in WordNet: 1. readership - (the audience reached by written communications (books or magazines or newspapers etc.))`
Super-classes	LargeGroupOfPeople^c Audience^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Reader^c

Readiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Readiness`
Description	Each 'Readiness' is a static situation in which some Object (including people) or Place has been created or prepared to properly handle some anticipated or contingent Event. The WordNet sense indicates that something that is 'ready' has been 'prepared' but in COSMO artifacts may be manufactured in a state of readiness - not the usual meaning of 'preparing'. @ToDo: the Object that is ready is specified by the restriction 'hadMainParticipant', but the action for which it is ready is not specified. This type can be used to represent assertions of the form 'X is in readiness for E', where E is an Event or Event type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'readiness' and sense 1 of 'preparedness' in WordNet: 1. (3) readiness, preparedness, preparation - (the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); 'putting them in readiness'; 'their preparation was more than adequate')`
Super-classes	StaticSituation^c
Restrictions	isaReadinessFor^op some (Event^c or EventType^c or Object^c or GenericAgent^c or SubstanceType^c) hadMainParticipant^op some (Event^c or EventType^c or Object^c or GenericAgent^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	ReadinessToEat^c ReadinessForUse^c
In domain of	isaReadinessFor^op

ReadinessForUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReadinessForUse`
Description	Each ''ReadinessForUse'' is a static situation in which some ObjectGroup has been positioned and prepared to be used for some function. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'preparedness' in WordNet: 1. readiness, preparedness, preparation - (the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); 'putting them in readiness'; 'their preparation was more than adequate')`
Super-classes	Readiness^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some ObjectGroup^c isaReadinessFor^op some UsingSomething^c

ReadinessToEat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReadinessToEat`
Description	Each 'ReadinessToEat' is a static situation in which some FoodObject has been prepared to be eaten.
Super-classes	Readiness^c
Restrictions	isaReadinessFor^op some EatingEvent^c hadMainParticipant^op some FoodObject^c

Reading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reading`
Description	A specialization of #$Perceiving-Voluntary and #$AccessingAnIBT. Each instance of #$Reading is an act of reading an instance of #$TextualMaterial by a person. 'Reading' done by machines will be categorized differently. Acts of #$Reading may be performed for any of a number of purposes: e.g., in order to extract some sort of information from a text, for entertainment, to impart the content of the text to others (if an instance of #$ReadingAloud (q.v.)), or to test reading skills. A person can read visually (see #$Reading-Visual) or by touch (e.g. reading Braille; see #$Reading-Tactile). COSMO note: For the typical reading with the eyes (not Braille), use 'Reading-Visual'. Reading is a subtype of 'Learning'; reading something means at least to learn (to some extent) what was written in the written material, even if that material is fictional or useless information, or the information content was already known to the reader. But just staring at a book and not actually learning at least something of the content is not 'Reading'. (this SUMO class is 'reading aloud') SUMO: A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. Note that the class Interpreting should be used in cases where a Text is read silently. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'read' in WordNet: 1. (117) read - (interpret something that is written or printed; 'read the advertisement'; 'Have you read Salman Rushdie?')
Super-classes	Learning^c AccessingAnIBT^c Perceiving-Voluntary^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	Reading-Visual^c Reading-Tactile^c ReadingWhileStanding^c Rereading^c Copyediting^c Proofreading^c

Reading-Tactile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reading-Tactile`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of reading based on tactile (as opposed to visual) input. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'read' in WordNet: 1. (117) read - (interpret something that is written or printed; 'read the advertisement'; 'Have you read Salman Rushdie?')`
Super-classes	Reading^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value TouchingDeliberately^c

Reading-Visual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reading-Visual`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of reading based on visual (as opposed to tactile) input. In this cae, the thing read must be some 'TextualMaterial'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'read' in WordNet: 1. (117) read - (interpret something that is written or printed; 'read the advertisement'; 'Have you read Salman Rushdie?')`
Super-classes	Reading^c Looking^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPerceived^op some (TextualMaterial^c or ArtifactObjectType^c)

ReadingWhileStanding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReadingWhileStanding`
Description	Each ''ReadingWhileStanding'' is an instance of ''Reading'' that is performed while a Person is in a 'standing' position. The material being read can be held in the hand (e.g. on a subway train), or resting on a desk or ''Lectern'', or projected on a screen, or .projected from a teleprompter.
Super-classes	Reading^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value StandingStillEvent^c

Ready^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ready`
Description	'Ready' is a property of an Object that is or has been made fit for immediate use for some purpose. To express what something that is 'Ready' is 'ready for', this is related to the StaticSituation 'Readiness' by the relation: {Ready isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing Readiness}. It sounds odd to say that something 'ready' is 'doing' readiness, but that relation is merely a broad way of relating attributes that describe properties of things that are the main participants in some Event, and 'Readiness' is an Event. See 'Readiness' and 'isaReadinessFor' to see how COSMO represents the Event that the Object is ready for. People can be 'Ready' for something if they have the capability of doing or experiencing (or withstanding) that thing. If they have the willingness to do something, that is a different sense of 'Ready' NOTE @ToDo: the 'readiness' of something that had been prepared may be distinguished from this general sense of 'Ready', but as of rev829 this nuance has not been represented. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 4 of 'ready' in WordNet; however, note the 'ready to collapse', a questionable use: in WordNet: 1. (59) ready - (completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress; 'get ready'; 'she is ready to resign'; 'the bridge is ready to collapse'; 'I am ready to work'; 'ready for action'; 'ready for use'; 'the soup will be ready in a minute'; 'ready to learn to read') 4. (1) ready - (brought into readiness; 'dinner is ready')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	MentallyPrepared^c Prepared^c

ReadyMade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReadyMade`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ready-made' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ready-made - (made for purchase and immediate use)`
Super-classes	Available^c ForSale^c
Sub-classes	ReadyToEat^c

ReadyToEat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReadyToEat`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ready-to-eat' in Wordnet: 1. ready-to-eat - (food products that are prepared in advance and can be eaten as sold)`
Super-classes	ReadyMade^c
Sub-classes	Done^c

Reaffirming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reaffirming`
Description	Each ''Reaffirming'' ia an ''Affirming'' of some fact that has previously been 'affirmed' by the same agent. 'She reaffirmed her commitment to the project' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reaffirm' in WordNet: 1. (6) reaffirm - (affirm once again; 'He reaffirmed his faith in the church')`
Super-classes	Affirming^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some Affirming^c

Real^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Real`
Description	'Real' is a property of an Object (including mental objects) or Event that exists (or existed) in our 'real world' of space-time. Things in hypothetical or fictional or counterfactual worlds are not 'Real'. For Objects that exist now in the real world, use the subtype 'Extant' For things that are created as copies or simulations or models of real-world things, use ''Simulated''. For things that are genuine (such as dimond and pearls) rather than simlated or phony, use 'Actual''. NOTE: this is similar to 'Real-World' and the distinction, if any, is not yet clear. One differentiation is that something 'theoretical' may not be ''Real'' but may actually exist in the ''RealWorld''. To specify that it actually exists in our universe, use subAttribute ''Real-World'. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'real' and sense 2 of 'actual' in WordNet: 1. (55) real, existent - (being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory; 'real objects'; 'real people; not ghosts'; 'a film based on real life'; 'a real illness'; 'real humility'; 'Life is real! Life is earnest!'- Longfellow) WN adj 'actual': 2. (8) actual - (taking place in reality; not pretended or imitated; 'we saw the actual wedding on television'; 'filmed the actual beating')
Super-classes	ExistenceValue^c
Sub-classes	Fact-Based^c Real-World^c

Real-Time^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Real-Time

Description

This ''Real-Time' is an Attribute that pertains to any transmission of information that results in a response of some kind within some short interval of time - typically less than a minute or two.

        Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'real-time' in Wordnet:
          1. real-time - (of or relating to computer systems that update information 
              at the same rate they receive information)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Real-World^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Real-World

Description

'''Real-World'' is an AttributeValue of things (Objects or Events) that are present or occur in our only ''"RealWorld''. As a practical matter, 'Real-World' is the attribute of something that is believed (by the ontologist) to exist in the physical universe (or multiverse, if that exists).

      NOTE: this is similar to 'Real' and the distinction, if any, is not yet clear.

       No WN synset for this concept.

Super-classes Actual^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c
Real^c

RealEstate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealEstate`
Description	A delineated area of land along with any structures ('improvements') that may be an associated part of the property, which may be owned by an individual or by the public, or may have several separately owned tracts within it. COSMO note: RealEstate is interpreted as the PhysicalObject, not the region in which it is located. Note that, as a subtype of LandArea RealEstate is disjoint from WaterArea - this means that most (but not necessarily absolutely all) of a RealEstate must be dry land, though some part such as a lake bed or stream bed may have water in it. NOTE: as a subtype of 'Property', all RealEstate is considered as owned by some agent, which may be a group of people with some kind of claim on it. Cyc: A specialization of #$Place-NonAgent. Each instance of #$RealEstate is either a parcel of land or a land-based property that can be bought, sold, or rented. Notable specializations of #$RealEstate include #$GroundsOfOrganization, #$Building, and #$ModernShelterConstruction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'real estate' in WordNet: 1. (5) real property, real estate, realty, immovable - (property consisting of houses and land)
Super-classes	Property^c LandArea^c SolidObject^c DurableGood^c Place^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c isLocatedAt^op some (GeographicalRegion^c or LocationType^c or GeographicalArea^c or Place^c)
Sub-classes	GarbageDump^c LandedEstate^c Ranch^c MortgagedRealEstate^c Farmyard^c BailBond^c Farm^c Tract^c RentalProperty^c Lot^c GroundsOfOrganization^c

RealEstateAgent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealEstateAgent

Description

        NOTE: 'realtor' is a term that is supposed to be used only by Persons
           affiliated with a particular organization.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'real estate agent' in WordNet:
         1. realtor, real estate broker, real estate agent, estate agent, 
            land agent, house agent - (a person who is authorized to act 
            as an agent for the sale of land; 'in England they call a realtor a land agent')

Super-classes Broker^c

RealExistence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealExistence`
Description	'RealExistence' is a Event or PersistentState in which some entity (object or event) actually exists in our 'Real World'. Things in fictional or hypothetical worlds are not in the state of 'RealExistence' merely by virtue of being in those possible worlds, but the same entities may also be Extant in our Real World. The property of an entity that is in the state of 'RealExistence' is 'Extant'. The Real World would include spirits such as God and Angles, if in fact they existed and could interact with our physical world; whether they do exist in that sense is an open question in COSMO. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'existence' in Random House Webster: 1. the state or fact of existing; being. Neither RHW nor WordNet disinguish the more general 'Existence' from real-world existence, so the Wordnet sense is mapped to both of these concepts. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'existence' and sense 1 of 'being' and verb sense 4 of 'be' in WordNet: 1. (51) being, beingness, existence - (the state or fact of existing; 'a point of view gradually coming into being'; 'laws in existence for centuries') WN verb 'be': 4. (698) exist, be - (have an existence, be extant; 'Is there a God?')
Super-classes	Existence^c
Sub-classes	PreExisting^c PersistingEvent^c Occurrence^c ContinuingInAcceptance^c Transcendence^c

RealLife^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealLife

Description

''RealLife'' is the Group of ''LifeExperiences''s that a Person encounters when employed by some business enterprise, as contrasted with experiences without such cares and responsibilities, as during childhood or retirement, or in some secure position in Academia. Rather vague, with malleable borders on various life experiences.

     To define this logically would require specifying the various alternatives.
     @ToDo.  when needed.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'real life' in WordNet:
         1. (5) real world, real life - (the practical world as opposed to the academic world; 
          'a good consultant must have a lot of experience in the real world')

Super-classes LifeExperiences^c

RealNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealNumber`
Description	Any Number that can be expressed as a (possibly infinite) decimal, i.e. any Number that has a position on the number line. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'real number' in WordNet: 1. real number, real - (any rational or irrational number)`
Super-classes	Number^c
Sub-classes	NumericRatio^c LessThanNumber^c NonnegativeRealNumber^c GreaterThanNumber^c GraphCoordinate^c IrrationalNumber^c NegativeRealNumber^c BinaryNumber^c RationalNumber^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_4.92892 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_29029 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_746

RealWorldTruth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorldTruth`
Description	This sense of ''RealWorldTruth'' is a set of ''TrueStatement-RealWorld''s that are internally consistent. This is in essence a 'theory' that describes some part of the ''RealWorld'' that has been verified by observation. `No WN sense corresponds exactly to this concept; Most closely orresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truth ' in WordNet: 2. (7) truth, the true, verity, trueness - (conformity to reality or actuality; 'they debated the truth of the proposition'; 'the situation brought home to us the blunt truth of the military threat'; 'he was famous for the truth of his portraits'; 'he turned to religion in his search for eternal verities')`
Super-classes	TrueStatement-RealWorld^c Group^c PropositionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value TrueInTheRealWorld^c hasComponentElement^op only TrueStatement-RealWorld^c describes^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c isTrueIn^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c

Realism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Realism

Description

''Realism'' is a ''PersonalPhilosopy'' that attempts to adapt one's actions and expectations to the likely outcomes based on facts and past experience, rather than one's hopes or ideals.

       NOTE: in WN this is an 'attribute'' as is 'idealism';
         here it is a personal philosophy, contrasting with ''Idealism''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'realism' in WordNet:
         1. (3) realism, pragmatism - (the attribute of accepting
            the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth)

Super-classes PersonalPhilosopy^c

Realist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Realist`
Description	A ''Realist'' is someone who tries to evaluate situations that have uncertain consequences in an objective way, not allowing her.his own emotions or preferences to cloud his/her judgment. `Contrasts with idealist, pessimist, optimist, cynic. Perhaps other contrasting types? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'realist' in WordNet: 2. realist - (a person who accepts the world as it literally is and deals with it accordingly)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Realistic^c

Realistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Realistic`
Description	''Realistic'' is a subtype of 'AwareOfSomething' in which the thing that the agent is aware of is some fact or set of facts that are true in the ''RealWorld'', even when they are not what the agent prefers or likes. Contrasts with 'self-deceptive' - believing things that are not true, even when the truth has been described, but the agent rejects it from an emtional wish that it not be true. The WN sense 1 includes things, this is only for people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'realistic' in WordNet: 1. (10) realistic - (aware or expressing awareness of things as they really are; 'a realistic description'; 'a realistic view of the possibilities'; 'a realistic appraisal of our chances'; 'the actors tried to create a realistic portrayal of the Africans')
Super-classes	AwareOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	Sobered^c

Realistically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Realistically

Description

'''' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that

       Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'realisticallly' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) realistically - (in a realistic manner; 'let's look at the situation realistically')
          2. realistically - (in a realistic manner; 'the figure was realistically painted')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Reality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reality`
Description	Any state or Event occurring in our real universe (not in any fictional or hypothetical world) within some interval of time. An instance of 'Reality' would be the things existing and happening in some interval of time in some region of space. The whole of Reality over all time is the entity 'RealWorld', which is not an Event. `This does not cover 'truth' within some theoretical or axiomatically defined system.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reality' in Wordnet: 3. (4) reality - (the state of the world as it really is rather than as you might want it to be; 'businessmen have to face harsh realities')`
Super-classes	Situation-Localized^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c hadMainParticipant^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c

RealizableEntity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealizableEntity`
Description	''RealizableEntity'' is a specific BFO type that includes Disposition, Roles and Functions as subtypes. BFO 'RealizableEntity: Comment: If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized. BFO: Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that inheres in continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. BFO: Examples: the role of being a doctor, the function of the reproductive organs, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity.
Super-classes	SpecificallyDependentContinuant^c
Sub-classes	DesignFunction^c Tendency^c Role^c

Realization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Realization`
Description	`Corresponds to noun snese 1 of 'realization':in WordNet: 1. (3) realization, realisation, recognition - (coming to understand something clearly and distinctly; 'a growing realization of the risk involved'; 'a sudden recognition of the problem he faced'; 'increasing recognition that diabetes frequently coexists with other chronic diseases')`
Super-classes	Understanding^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value KnowingSomething^c caused^op value KnowingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Epiphanie^c

Reaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reaper`
Description	A ''FarmMachine'' designed for reaping crops; a harvester. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reaper' in Wordnet: 3. harvester, reaper - (farm machine that gathers a food crop from the fields)`
Super-classes	FarmMachine^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value GrowingPlants^c isUsedInAction^op value ReapingCrops^c
Sub-classes	CropHeader^c

ReapingCrops^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReapingCrops`
Description	The action of reaping crops, includes cutting (or picking) them and gathering them together. Same as a 'harvesting' or 'gleaning' action. The object obtained is a ''Crop'' (='harvest') `NOTE that this action is specified as performed by a 'FarmWorker'' - if automation eleiminates all FarmWorkers from the process, that restriction would have to be broadened. Correspondsclosely to verb sense 1 of 'reap' , but is restricted to the reaping of ''CropPlant''sin WordNet: 1. (3) reap, harvest, glean - (gather, as of natural products; 'harvest the grapes')`
Super-classes	Gathering^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value FarmWorker^c hadObjectObtained^op value Crop^c hadObjectHandled^op value CropPlant^c alwaysFollows^op value RaisingCrops^c

Reappearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reappearing`
Description	Each ''Reappearing'' is an ''AppearingEvent'' performed by a PhysicalObject after that object had performed a ''Disappearing''; the ''Reappearing'' and ''Disappearing'' are relative to the range of perception of some ''Person'' or ''GroupOfPeople''. This can be for various kinds of 'appearing' or 'disappearing',all of them natural, but can also include a supernatural Event, though that is usually fictional or mystical. The ''Disappearing'' can be simply leaving the place where the Person observing is present,and then coming back, or someone leaving home and returning only afer years, or something manipulated by a ''Magician'' performer, using magic tricks. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reappear' in WordNet: 1. (8) reappear, re-emerge - (appear again; 'The sores reappeared on her body'; 'Her husband reappeared after having left her years ago')`
Super-classes	AppearingEvent^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Disappearing^c hadMainParticipant^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	ResurfacingAfterAbsence^c

Rear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rear`
Description	'Rear' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject located at the back side (rear) of another PhysicalObject (of which it is often a part), used especially when a similar object may be located at the front side; of, pertaining to, or located at the 'BackSide' or 'RearPartOfAnObject' of a PhysicalObject. `Includes of adjective sense 1 of 'back' and sense 1 of 'rear' in WordNet: 1. (15) back - (related to or located at the back; 'the back yard'; 'the back entrance') WN adj 'rear': 1. rear, rearward - (located in or toward the back or rear; 'the chair's rear legs'; 'the rear door of the plane'; 'on the rearward side')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Hind^c

RearAdmiral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearAdmiral

Description

CYC 'RearAdmiral-Rank'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rear admiral' in WordNet:
         1. rear admiral - (an admiral junior to a vice admiral)

Super-classes FlagOfficer^c

RearFacing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearFacing`
Description	This is an attribute of Some part of anObject (usually a structure or large ship) from which the area behind that structure can be viewed. For simplicity this is described as being an attribute of a ''RearPartOfAnObject'', as the state of 'located at the rear' is not yet represented.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RearLeftWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearLeftWheel`
Description	The rear left supporting wheel of a vehicle with four wheels.
Super-classes	SupportingWheel^c

RearOfAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearOfAnAnimal`
Description	The ''RearOfAnAnimal'' is the rear part of an ''Animal''. This is most easily rescognized in four-footed animals but in humans it typically refers to the ''Buttocks'', as though the human arms serve as the front legs.
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c RearPartOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	CetaceanTail^c

RearOfaStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearOfaStage`
Description	The ''RearOfaStage'' is the rear part (the rear 'wall' or partition) of a ''StageForPerformances' that is itself located at the back of a Room (which is a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject''. This is where they hang a ''Backdrop''. .
Super-classes	RearPartOfAnObject^c StageForPerformances^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value EndOfRoomStage^c

RearOutdoorArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearOutdoorArea`
Description	A ''RearOutdoorArea'' is an ''OutsideLocation'' that is a PhysicalObject that can be viewed from the rear part of some Object in which a Person can sit or stand and look out. This can be the area behind a structure or vehicle or any thing that can hold a Person and has a front and back side.
Super-classes	RearPartOfAnObject^c OutdoorObject^c OutsideLocation^c
Restrictions	isBehind^op value HumanOccupationConstruct^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value OutsideLocation^c

RearPartOfAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearPartOfAnObject`
Description	The 'RearPartOfAnObject' is the part of a PhysicalObject that has a recognizable front and back (i.e. a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject''), and is located at the back, behind the middle. NOTE: the use of this as parent type plus the relation ''isaPhysicalPartOf'' implies that the Object is at the rear of the For only the side that is in the rear use ''BackSide''. This can be an intrinsically oriented object, or something that has conventional front and back (e.g. the front part of a building is the part nearest to the street entrance or if more than one street entrances, the one nearest to the street with the main entrance, which usually is the street that defines the address of the building; but this is not necessarily true in all cases. For animals that have a head and face forward, the back part is the part on the opposite side from the eyes. This is a vaguely defined Object, which may be a fiat Object (no clearly delimited front and back side). Includes noun senses 2, 3, and 7 of 'back' in WordNet: 2. (12) rear, back - (the side that goes last or is not normally seen; back 'he wrote the date on the back of the photograph') 3. (4) back, rear - (the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; 'he stood at the back of the stage'; 'it was hidden in the rear of the store') 7. back - (the part of a garment that covers the back of your body; 'they pinned a 'kick me' sign on his back') WN noun 'rear': 2. (6) rear, backside, back end - (the side of an object that is opposite its front; 'his room was toward the rear of the hotel') 3. (4) back, rear - (the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; 'he stood at the back of the stage'; 'it was hidden in the rear of the store')
Super-classes	OrientedPart^c RelativeLocation^c EndOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (FrontAndBackSidedObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) isBehind^op value FrontPart^c
Sub-classes	RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor^c RearOutdoorArea^c RearOfaStage^c ShoeBack^c ShipsStern^c Tailgate^c BackRest^c RearOfAnAnimal^c

RearRightWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearRightWheel`
Description	The rear right supporting wheel of a vehicle with four wheels.
Super-classes	SupportingWheel^c

RearSeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearSeat`
Description	A''RearSeat'' is an ''AutoSeat'' that is behind one or more other rows of seats in an ''Automobile'' (which includes muli-row limousines). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'backseat' in WordNet: 2. backseat - (a seat at the back of a vehicle (especially the seat at the back of an automobile))`
Super-classes	AutoSeat^c
Restrictions	isBehind^op value DriverSeat^c

RearView^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearView`
Description	A ''RearView'' is a ''View'' of of the Area behind some Object (e.g. vehicle or building) large enough for a Person to be inside and look out. This can be a view outside a buiding or to the rear of a moving vehicle.
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	wasEmittedByObject^op value RearOutdoorArea^c

RearViewMirror^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RearViewMirror`
Description	NOTE: this conceptually includes subtype ''SideViewMirror'' in which the mirror is attached to the sde of the car. The mirror mounted in the center of a car above the windshield is included here, but some trucks do not have such a mirror and depend on the ''SideViewMirror'' (or rear view cameras) to perform that function. `RHW 'rearview mirror': a mirror mounted on the side, windshield, or instrument panel of an automobile or other vehicle to provide the driver with a view of the area behind the vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rearview mirror' in WordNet: 1. rearview mirror - (car mirror that reflects the view out of the rear window)`
Super-classes	Mirror^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value RoadVehicle^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rearview^c

Rearranging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rearranging`
Description	''Rearranging'' is an ''Arranging'' of something that was previously 'arranged' in a different configuration. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rearrange' in WordNet: 1. (4) rearrange - (put into a new order or arrangement; 'Please rearrange these files'; 'rearrange the furniture in my room')`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c Arranging^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some FramingaPicture^c
Sub-classes	Reordering^c

Rearview^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rearview`
Description	'''Rearview'' is an AttributeValue of a ''RearView'' or of some optical device (such as a ''RearviewMirror'') that provides a ''RearView''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Reasonable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reasonable`
Description	'Reasonable' is an AttributeValue modifying beliefs, or in the case of people, indicating that their judgment is sound and they are not prone to make bad choices (due to emotion); hence the things they do are usually 'NotUnreasonable'. Applying this attribute is to make a value judgment. For 'reasonable' regarding actions, plans, or policies, use 'NotUnreasonable'. For 'reasonable' modifying other things, especially when meaning 'not excessive' use 'NotExcessive'. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'reasonable' in WordNet (the part applying to people). NOTE that 'sensible' : in WordNet: 1. (17) reasonable, sensible - (showing reason or sound judgment; 'a sensible choice'; 'a sensible person')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Rational^c

Reasoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reasoning`
Description	A MentalEvent in which an IntelligentAgent explicitly creates a series of one or more assertions that lead from premises to a conclusion. This sense includes both reasoning events of formal logic that have no practical consequences as well as reasoning about what to do in a certain situation (WordNet sense 1). NOTE: This is the method of 'Thinking' that is called by Daniel Kahneman (see entry ''DanielKahneman'') as 'System 2' (slow and logical) and contrasts that with the method of thinking he calls 'System 1' (fast and intuitive). These systems are represented in COSMO by ''Reasoning'' and ''ThinkingIntuitively'', respectively. For more detail about Kahneman's analysis of thinking, see his excellent book: 'Thinking, Fast and Slow' Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York (2011). To be an instance of this type, the Reasoning does not have to be valid. This is a description of a human action, not of a valid logical structure. This sense includes verb sense 4 of 'rationalize' and senses 8 and 10 of 'judge' in RHW (the part that includes reasoning to a conclusion or judgment), but that sense of 'judge' does not appear in WN. 8. to form a judgment or opinion of; decide upon critically: You can't judge a book by its cover. 10. to infer, think, or hold as an opinion; conclude about or assess: He judged her to be correct. Includes verb sense 4 of 'rationalize' and verb senses 1 and 3 of 'reason', part of verb sense 1 of 'decide', verb sense 1 of 'conclude', and noun sense 4 of 'judgment' in WordNet. in WordNet: WN verb 'rationalize': 4. rationalize, rationalise - (think rationally; employ logic or reason; "When one wonders why one is doing certain things, one should rationalize") WN verb 'reason': 1. (3) reason, reason out, conclude - (decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion; 'We reasoned that it was cheaper to rent than to buy a house') 3. (1) reason - (think logically; 'The children must learn to reason') WN noun 'judgment': 4. (3) judgment, judgement, judging - (the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions) WN noun 'reasoning': 1. (6) reasoning, logical thinking, abstract thought - (thinking that is coherent and logical)
Super-classes	Thinking^c Interacting^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some Premises^c causedCreationOf^op some (DeductiveArgument^c or Conclusion^c or InferredAssertion^c)
Sub-classes	DeepReasoning^c SolvingaProblem^c AssociatingIdeas^c Postulating^c Inferring^c ErroneousReasoning^c Justifying^c Extrapolating^c Speculating^c

ReasoningRecord^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReasoningRecord

Description

A ReasoningRecord is a Record of some process of Reasoning. It will usually be a process of Reasoning used in a Computer, but could be a record of a person's reasoning.

In Protege 4, when an ontology has disjoint classes, one may obtain a trace of the
   reasoning used to determine that there is a logical fallacy.  This is one example
   of a 'ReasoningRecord'.

Super-classes List^c
Record^c

Reassessment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reassessment`
Description	A ''Reassessment''is an ''Evaluation'' that is the result of a ''Reevaluating'' action.. `The ''appraisal'' of WN mentions 'worth' but is ambiguous as to whether that is only or primarily monetary value. This is for the assessment of any kind of 'worth', including being worthy of ''Belief''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reassessment' in WordNet: 1. reappraisal, revaluation, review, reassessment - (a new appraisal or evaluation)`
Super-classes	Evaluation^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Reevaluating^c hasTopic^op some Belief^c

Reassuring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reassuring

Description

''Reassuring'' is an AttributeValue of any ''Event'' that reduces concern or uncertainty about posssible negative Events, and provides a feeling of confidence.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reassuring' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) reassuring - (restoring confidence and relieving anxiety; 'a very reassuring remark')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ReassuringEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReassuringEvent`
Description	Note: the difference between this ''Reassuring'' and the parent ''Assuring'' is difficult to discern; this should be used for a an action producing a higher degree of ''FeelingOfConfidence''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reassure' in WordNet: 2. (1) reassure - (give or restore confidence in; cause to feel sure or certain; 'I reassured him that we were safe') WN noun 'reassurance': 1. (4) reassurance - (the act of reassuring; restoring someone's confidence)`
Super-classes	Assuring^c
Restrictions	causes^op value FeelingOfConfidence^c

ReassuringaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReassuringaPerson`
Description	''ReassuringaPerson'' is a ''CalmingaPerson'' that helps to provide some level of 'assurance'(certainty) about some emotionally worrysome issue. A 'reassuring' that gives a ''FeelingOfConfidence'' is represented by ''Reassuring''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reassure' in WordNet: 1. (5) reassure, assure - (cause to feel sure; give reassurance to; 'The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe')`
Super-classes	CalmingaPerson^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Calmness-Feeling^c

Rebate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebate' in WordNet: 1. rebate, discount - (a refund of some fraction of the amount paid)`
Super-classes	Refund^c

Rebel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebel

Description

A ''Rebel'' is a ''Revolutionary'' who directly participates in a ''Rebellion'', usually by violent action (e.g. in an 'armed rebellion').

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebel' in WordNet:
       2. (3) insurgent, insurrectionist, freedom fighter, rebel - 
         (a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the
         constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions))

Super-classes Revolutionary^c

Rebelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebelling`
Description	'''Rebelling'' is a ''ResistingaPolicy'' that is performed by one or more people who both refuse to perform some Action required by an authority, and try to change the situation (actively or passively) so that they do not have to perform that action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rebel' in WordNet: 1. (5) rebel, arise, rise, rise up - (take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance)`
Super-classes	ResistingaPolicy^c
Sub-classes	GroupResistance^c

Rebellion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebellion`
Description	A ''Rebellion'' is a ''GroupResistance'' that employs forceful (possibly violent) action.against an authority to achieve some goal, often the overthrow of a government. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebellion' in WordNet: 2. (5) rebellion, insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising - (organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another)`
Super-classes	GroupResistance^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Battle^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Rebel^c
Sub-classes	Insurgency^c

Rebellious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebellious

Description

This sense of ''Rebellious'' is for people who are subject to some form of authority or control and refuse to preform what is expeted or ordered by the authority with respect to whom that Person is rebellious.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rebellious' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) rebellious - (resisting control or authority; 'temperamentally rebellious';
              'a rebellious crew')

Super-classes Disobedient^c

Rebelliousness-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebelliousness-Feeling`
Description	A feeling of opposition against authority or the status quo. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebelliousness' in WordNet: 1. defiance, rebelliousness - (intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude)`
Super-classes	Opposition-Feeling^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Rebellious^c

Rebirth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebirth`
Description	In CYC 'Reincarnation': CYC: The act of being reborn, whereby the spiritual essence that previously occupied (a now dead) body (or technically, #$Organism-Whole) now occupies a new #$Organism-Whole from its inception onwards. The concept of #$Reincarnation adopted here assumes that the connection between an entity and a 'past-life' is the spiritual being (i.e., #$DivineBeing) of which the new and past lives are physical incarnations (see #$IncarnationPhysicalFn).r `NOTE: this is for the mythological or religious notion of a Person being reborn after death into a new life. Being unverifiable by any physical means, the actual meaning can be very fuzzy and depend on who is using the term. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rebirth' in WordNet: 2. reincarnation, rebirth, renascence - (a second or new birth)`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Reincarnation^c
Sub-classes	Resurrection^c

Reborn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reborn

Description

''Reborn'' is an AttributeValue of an IntelligentAgent NOTE this is for the literal (mystical) sense of 'reborn', not the religious sense of experiencing a spiritual 'rebirth'. For that sense see ''BornAgain''.

        RHW 'reborn': having undergone rebirth.

Super-classes Born^c
PastParticiple^c

Rebounding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebounding`
Description	A ''Rebounding'' is a very general type of Event that is a subtype of ''AffectingSomething'' for the very general case where a 'Something Moving' (PhysicalObject, wave) moving toward a Physicalobject impinges on the PhysicalObject, and due to interaction with that PhysicalObject, the 'Something Moving' changes its direction of motion so as to reverse the component vector of its original motion that was toward the PhysicalObject to become away from the PhysicalObject that caused the ''Rebounding'' of the 'Something Moving'. This is general,forrebounding inany direction. A bouncing off the floor under gravity would be a subtype. The object causing the rebound is usually solid but can be liquid, as when light reflects from the surface of a liquid. This Event includes the subevents of the interaction (e.g. 'collison' or 'Reflecting'') of the 'Something Moving' and the PhysicalObject, plus the reverse motion of the 'Something Moving'. See more details in the subtypes ''Bouncing'' and ''Reflecting''. The difference from the parent 'Repelling''is in the necessary change of direction of the 'Something Moving' from toward to away. By contrast, in the case of refraction, the direction of motion changes, but no component of the motion reverses. The subtypes wll be ''Bouncing'' (for impinging PhysicalObjects) and ''Reflecting'' (for waves such as audio or light). Includes part of noun sense 1 and part of verb sense 1 of 'rebound' in Wordnet: 1. recoil, repercussion, rebound, backlash - (a movement back from an impact) WN verb 'rebound': 1. (1) bounce, resile, take a hop, spring, bound, rebound, recoil, reverberate, ricochet - (spring back; spring away from an impact; 'The rubber ball bounced'; 'These particles do not resile but they unite after they collide;)
Super-classes	ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c Repelling^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value MovingObject^c hasSubEvent^op value MovingTowardSomething^c hasSubEvent^op value MovingAwayFromSomething^c

ReboundingMove^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReboundingMove`
Description	In basketball, taking possession of the ball after a failed shot. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rebound' in WordNet: 3. rebound - (the act of securing possession of the rebounding basketball after a missed shot)`
Super-classes	ChangeOfPossession^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value BasketballGame^c

Rebuffing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebuffing`
Description	''Rebuffing'' is a ''Refusing' to accept some offer or suggestion. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rebuff' in WordNet: 1. (4) rebuff, snub, repel - (reject outright and bluntly; 'She snubbed his proposal') WN noun 'snub': 1. rebuff, snub, repulse - (an instance of driving away or warding off)`
Super-classes	Refusing^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Offering^c

RebuffingaPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RebuffingaPerson

Description

''RebuffingaPerson'' is a form of ''Offending''

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebuff' in WordNet:
         1. (1) rebuff, slight - (a deliberate discourteous act 
            (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval))

Super-classes Offending^c

Rebuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebuilding`
Description	''Rebuilding'' is the Action where some ArtifactObject (any kind, from small device to large palace) that had come apart or been disassembled or been damaged or destroyed, is constructed again in such a way that its assigned identity continues to be that of the original object. Usually this requires that some physical part of the original object be included as a part of the rebuilt object, but for large structures that had been almost completely destroyed the fact that it is rebuilt on the same site may be enough for it to be considered as the same (have the same diachronic identity) as the original. This is usually applied only to objects that are at least large enough to manipulate with the hand,but there is no upper size limit especially for structures. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rebuild' in WordNet: 1. (11) rebuild, reconstruct - (build again; 'The house was rebuild after it was hit by a bomb') WN noun 'rebuilding': 1. (3) rebuilding - (building again)`
Super-classes	RestoringEvent^c BuildingSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op some RebuiltObject^c

RebuiltObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RebuiltObject`
Description	A ''RebuiltObject'' is an ''ArtifactObject'' that is the product of a ''Rebuilding'' action.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Rebuilding^c

Rebutting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rebutting`
Description	evidence, grounds Includes verb senses 1 of 'rebut' in WordNet: 1. (7) refute, rebut - (overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof; 'The speaker refuted his opponent's arguments') 2. (1) refute, rebut, controvert - (prove to be false or incorrect)
Super-classes	Disproving^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op value Assertion^c

Recanting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recanting`
Description	This ''Recanting'' is for an Assertion that nullifies a prior assertion, stating the the author no longer believes some part or all of the prior assertion. This is broadly applicable for assertions in which someone publicly admist to some form of error in a prior assertion. A 'recanting' may be caused by some form of psychological or physical pressure by another Person. The 'error' retracted can be subtle, as in the 'retraction' of a scientific publication when the author does not assert that the reported observations are incorrect, but may agree that the published conclusions are not satisfied (perhaps to some statistical level of certainty) by the observations. A common subtype (not yet distinguished) is the 'correction' in a periodical of some typographical error (as in a name), or the incorrect assignment of some affiliation of a person mentioned in an article. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'recant' in WordNet: 1. abjure, recant, forswear, retract, resile - (formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure; 'He retracted his earlier statements about his religion'; 'She abjured her beliefs')
Super-classes	Rejecting^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Belief^c

Recapturing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recapturing`
Description	''Recapturing'' is the action in which a Person or group of people capture (do a ''Capturing'') an animal (including a Person) subsequent to a prior ''Capturing'' and an escape (''EscapingCaptivity'') or reease (''ReleasingaCapturedAnimal'') of that animal. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'recapture' in WordNet: 4. recapture, retake - (capture again; "recapture the escaped prisoner")`
Super-classes	Recurrence^c Capturing^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some (EscapingCaptivity^c or ReleasingaCapturedAnimal^c or ReleasingaPrisoner^c) impliesPriorEventType^op value Capturing^c

RecastingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecastingAnObject`
Description	''RecastingAnObject'' is a ''ReshapingSomething'' Action that takes material from a prior 'Casting'' action and uses it to cast the same object again. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'recast' in WordNet: 2. recast, remold, remould - (cast again; 'The bell cracked and had to be recast')`
Super-classes	MoldingAnArtifact^c ReshapingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value MoldingAnArtifact^c

Receding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Receding`
Description	This ''Receding'' is the general sense of moving away from something in a 'rearward' direction (relative to the moving thing - in the direction of its 'coming' to that place). WN sense 1 of 'recede' seems to include various senses; the senses for people moving away from something is represented in subtype ''Withdrawing''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'recede' in WordNet: 1. (4) withdraw, retreat, pull away, draw back, recede, pull back, retire, move back - (pull back or move away or backward; 'The enemy withdrew'; 'The limo pulled away from the curb') 2. (3) recede, fall back, retire - (move back and away from; 'The enemy fell back')`
Super-classes	Motion^c
Sub-classes	EbbTide^c Withdrawing^c

ReceiptVoucher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReceiptVoucher`
Description	A 'ReceiptVoucher'' is a ''Document-Physical'' that can serve as evidence of some payment, specifying the item paid for. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'voucher' and to noun sense 1 of 'receipt' (any difference?) in WordNet: 2. voucher - (a document that serves as evidence of some expenditure) WN noun 'receipt': 2. (2) receipt - (an acknowledgment (usually tangible) that payment has been made)`
Super-classes	PhysicalEvidence^c CommercialInstrument^c
Restrictions	isEvidenceFor^op value One-TimePayment^c

Receivables^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Receivables

Description

CYC 'Receivable': The financial obligation(s) for a specific sale of goods or services.

        NOTE: CYC ''Receivable'' is interpreted as the ''Owing'' situation
          where one party owes money to another party for some goods or 
          services delivered.  The perspective for this ''persistentState'' is
          independent of the agents involved.

        The financial concept of ''AccountsReceivable'' would be
         an 'Asset'' viewed from the perspective of the Party
         that is owed money, a different but correlated concept
         involving the 'agentOwed' Role in this state..

Super-classes Owing^c

ReceivedWisdom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReceivedWisdom`
Description	'ReceivedWisdom' is some body of Knowledge derived from Experience (at least two Events) that is accepted as true or useful among some ''SocialGroup'' though it may not be supported as a general fact by good evidence. `From 'thefreedictionary.com': Received Wisdom:. Common knowledge that is held to be true, but may not be. The received wisdom says to 'feed a cold and starve a fever', but that doesn't reflect current medical practice.`
Super-classes	Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PossiblyTrue^c isProducedByEventType^op min 2 hasBeliever^op some SocialGroup^c

ReceiverDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReceiverDevice`
Description	Any ElectronicDevice capable of detecting radio transmissions, whether artificial or natural. This differs from the apparent SUMO usage, but preservces a distinction from 'RadioReceiver' which is restricted to receivers designed to detect and interpret man-made radio communication signals. NOTE: for the Device that is desinged to receive radio transmisions from man-made transmitters, use subtype ''RadioWaveReceivingDevice''. Thus a ground station or orbiting station that detects radio signals from astronomical objects is an instance of this category, but not an instance of 'RadioReceiver'. NOTE that receiver and transmitter are not disjoint, and one device can be both. SUMO: An ElectricDevice that is capable of receiving and decoding RadioEmissions, e.g. Radios and Televisions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'receiver' in WordNet: 1. (4) receiver, receiving system - (set that receives radio or tv signals)
Super-classes	WirelessCommunicationDevice^c ElectronicDevice^c
Sub-classes	RadioWaveReceivingDevice^c TelevisionSet^c RadioReceiver^c

Receiving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Receiving`
Description	'Receving' is a very broad type representing the receiving of both physical and abstract things; object, money, awards, attributes (such as inherited characteristics), information, praise, permission; the criterion of 'receving' is that the thing received stays with the recipient for some time - perhaps for life (e.g. degrees or awards ma not be able to be given up) - unless lost, used up, or given away. This may be broader than the Cyc meaning. One may receive something (such as praise) without a corresponding loss of anything on the part of the giver or sender. Receving an honor does not necessarily cost the giver of the honor anything of value. 'Receiving' does not include 'experiencing' something, or getting a punishment, or 'receiving good treatment' For the sense of 'receiving' something that a person can control,use 'GainingControl'. Cyc: A specialization of #$TransferIn. Each instance of #$Receiving is an event in which something 'comes in' to an object. Typically, a receiving has associated with it an instance of #$Translocation (q.v.); a particular receiving and its associated translocation(s) are related by the predicate #$transferInSubEvent. If the thing which 'comes in' is an instance of #$PartiallyTangible (such as a baseball, or a SCUD missile), then its reception is an instance of the specialization #$ReceivingAnObject (q.v.). If the translocation associated with the receiving is an instance of #$WavePropagation (such as a radio broadcast, or heat radiation from the Sun), then the receiving is an instance of the specialization #$ReceivingAWave (q.v.). Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 12 of 'receive' and sense 1 of 'get' in WordNet, and also includes receiving abstract information (news) and for people, also praise, criticism, suggestions. in WordNet: 1. (123) receive, have - (get something; come into possession of; 'receive payment'; 'receive a gift'; 'receive letters from the front') 3. (25) pick up, receive - (register (perceptual input); 'pick up a signal') 12. receive - (partake of the Holy Eucharist sacrament) WN verb 'get': 1. (235) get, acquire - (come into the possession of something concrete or abstract; 'She got a lot of paintings from her uncle'; 'They acquired a new pet'; 'Get your results the next day'; 'Get permission to take a few days off from work') WN noun reception': 4. (1) reception, receipt - (the act of receiving)
Super-classes	TransferIn^c Obtaining^c
Sub-classes	PreemptiveAcquisition^c ReceivingAnObject^c Regaining^c ReceivingAWave^c InheritingSomething^c ReceivingInformation^c ReceivingMoney^c TakingPossessionOfSomething^c

ReceivingAWave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReceivingAWave`
Description	A specialization of #$Receiving. Each instance of #$ReceivingAWave is an event in which an instance of #$WavePropagation (q.v.) is received at some location (the location is related to the instance of #$WavePropagation by the predicate #$toLocation). Instances of #$ReceivingAWave include a CD player receiving an infrared signal from a remote control, a person hearing a sound of distant thunder, and a radio telescope receiving signals from a celestial body.
Super-classes	Receiving^c

ReceivingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReceivingAnObject`
Description	$ReceivingAnObject is a specialization of #$Receiving. An instance of #$ReceivingAnObject is an event in which there is some #$PartiallyTangible which is the #$objectMoving, i.e., the thing which comes in to the receiver (the #$toLocation). For example, the #$objectMoving on an occasion when Lynn Swann received a pass from Terry Bradshaw during a Steelers' game would be a football (i.e., some instance of #$Football-American) and the passing/receiving event itself would be an instance of #$ReceivingAnObject. COSMO NOTE: the 'Object' received can be something abstract, such as an ''Award''.
Super-classes	Receiving^c TakingPossessionOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	AcquiringWeapons^c WinningAnAward^c CatchingWithHands^c

ReceivingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReceivingInformation`
Description	''ReceivingInformation'' can be accomplished by any of several means, e.g. reading or observing, or as the ending phase of a ''Communication''. This may or may not be 'learning' something, depending on whethr the information is already known, and whether it is factual.
Super-classes	Receiving^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some (InformationObject^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	GettingAnAnswer^c Learning^c

ReceivingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReceivingMoney`
Description	'ReceivingMoney' is one view of a MoneyTransaction, from the perspective of the person receiving the money, This type is useful for representing things like a salary. For this type 'money' is any currency or liquid asset easily converted into money, such as stock options or even an increase in the value of the stock one owns . `Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'payment' in WordNet: 2. (23) payment, defrayal, defrayment - (the act of paying money)`
Super-classes	MoneyTransaction^c Receiving^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some PaymentAmount^c

Recent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recent

Description

COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to Events that have occurred in the recent (near in time) past. 'Recent' is a vague term, and relative to normal time period expectations. The linguistic usages of 'new' and'recent' overlap, but this COSMO sense should only be applied to Events that have occurred in the near past (relative to the time of speaking). Objects recently created should be represented by 'New'.

    In WordNet sense 1 of 'recent' the objects are represented by ''New'':
     in WordNet:
       1. (36) recent - (being new in a time not long past;
          'recent graduates'; 'a recent addition to the house'; 
          'recent buds on the apple trees')
    WN  However, the Event that created them was 'Recent')
    WN     'a recent addition to the house'; 
    WN     'recent buds on the apple trees'
    WN  Also Includes parts of adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'recent' :
       2. (9) late, recent - (of the immediate past or just previous
           to the present time; 'a late development'; 'their late quarrel';
           'his recent trip to Africa'; 'in recent months';
           'a recent issue of the journal')
       3. (4) recent - (near to or not long before the present; 'recent times';
           'of recent origin')

Super-classes CloseInTime^c

RecentDevelopment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecentDevelopment`
Description	''RecentDevelopment'' is an Event that is related to some previous Event in having some of the same participants, possibly including objects, agents, ideas or theories or attributes that are modified by something that occurs after previous events affecting those same participants, and occring recently in time (relative to the time of the assertion using this type). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'development' in WordNet: 3. (89) development - (a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation; 'recent developments in Iraq'; 'what a revolting development!')`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recent^c

RecentOccurrence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecentOccurrence`
Description
Super-classes	Occurrence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some EventGroup^c

Reception^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reception

Description

A ''Reception'' is a ''SocialGathering'' that may occur after a ''FormalMeeting'' or after some Ceremony, as a WeddingReception, or to 'receive' (greet) some distinguished person who is visiting (in the last case,the person received could be pointed to by 'hadHonoree')..

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reception' in WordNet:
           2. (3) reception - (a formal party of people; as after a wedding)

Super-classes SocialGathering^c

Receptionist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Receptionist

Description

CYC: employees who take care of incoming and leaving clients, phone calls, etc.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'receptionist' in WordNet:
         1. (6) receptionist - (a secretary whose main duty is 
           to answer the telephone and receive visitors)

Super-classes AdministrativeStaffPerson^c
ClericalWorker^c

Receptive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Receptive`
Description	This is a general sense of 'receptive' in being willing to accept suggestions or ideas. A more intensive for is the subattribute ''OpenMinded''. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'receptive' in Wordnet: 2. receptive, open - (ready or willing to receive favorably; 'receptive to the proposals')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OpenMinded^c

Recess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recess`
Description	A 'Recess'is a type of 'Pause' (a temporary cessation; a 'PersistentState') of some ongoing human activity; the activity may be paused for any reason (for lunch, bathroom break, simple refreshment, to give time for other activities, planned recesses at meetings; schooltime recess for children to play; time-outs in sports events, or simple rest breaks in any activity) and for any interval of time, so long as it is intended to be temporary. This is an intentional action. This is not the Event that caused the Recess (an 'InterruptingEvent': 'taking a recess' is not yet r953 explicitly represented, but would be a subtype of 'InterruptingEvent') nor the TimeInterval during which the Pause takes place (an 'Intermission') arriving; . This type is an Event that is a PersistentState representing the state of the activities during the Pause in action. Corresponds to noun sense 5 and part of sense 1 'recess' and sense 5 of 'break' sense 1 of 'time out' and includes sense 1 of 'time-out' (sports sense) in WordNet: 1. deferral, recess - (a state of abeyance or suspended business) 5. respite, recess, break, time out - (a pause from doing something (as work); 'we took a 10-minute break'; 'he took time out to recuperate') WN noun 'time out': 1. respite, recess, break, time out - (a pause from doing something (as work); 'we took a 10-minute break'; 'he took time out to recuperate') WN noun 'time-out': 1. time-out - (a brief suspension of play; 'each team has two time-outs left')
Super-classes	Pause^c PurposefulInaction^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	SpringBreak^c CoffeeBreak^c

Recessed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recessed

Description

''Recessed'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Concavity'', specifying that the center of the Object is 'deeper' than the plane of the edges, which are located on the surface of the object of which it is a part, and where this sense of 'lower' is to be closer to the center of the Object of which the 'recessed' thing is a part. This expresses part of the characteristic attribute of a ''Concavity''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recessed' in Wordnet:
          1. deep-set, sunken, recessed - (having a sunken area; 'hunger gave 
                 their faces a sunken look')

Super-classes Curved^c

Recession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recession`
Description	A ''Recession'' is a period of time exceeding one quarter of a year during which the overall growth rate of an Economy (usually a national economy, but sometimes applied to parts of a country or groups of countries) becomes negative, i.e. the net production of goods and services declines. `RHW: 4. Econ. a period of an economic contraction, sometimes limited in scope or duration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recession' in WordNet: 1. (1) recession - (the state of the economy declines; a widespread decline in the GDP and employment and trade lasting from six months to a year)`
Super-classes	MacroeconomicEvent^c
Restrictions	isMeasuredBy^op some InflationRate^c

RechargingABattery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RechargingABattery`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'recharge' in Wordnet: 2. recharge - (charge anew; 'recharge a battery')`
Super-classes	ChargingABattery^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Battery^c or DeviceType^c) impliesPriorEventType^op value ChargingABattery^c

Recipe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recipe`
Description	A 'Recipe' is a 'Procedure' for making something involving substances (instances of 'SubstanceType'), which could be food or could be a chemical product. It usually involves mixing ingredients or some form of cooking. `In WordNet a subtype of 'direction, instructions' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recipe' in WordNet: 1. (1) recipe, formula - (directions for making something)`
Super-classes	Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only ProcessiveEvent^c requiresResource^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	FoodRecipe^c GroupOfRecipes^c

Recipient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recipient`
Description	A ''Recipient'' is an IntelligentAgent that receives something in a ''Receiving'' Event. `NOTE: For a Person who receives something, use 'the subtype ''Acquirer''. Includes but is broader than noun senses 1 and 2 of 'recipient' in WordNet; the thing doing the receiving need not be animate. in WordNet: 1. (2) recipient, receiver - (a person who gets something) 2. recipient role, recipient - (the semantic role of the animate entity that is passively involved in the happening denoted by the verb in the clause)`
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Receiving^c performsAction^op value Receiving^c
Sub-classes	Acquirer^c Awardee^c Pensioner^c

ReciprocalAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReciprocalAction`
Description	''ReciprocalAction'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which the motivation for the giving is some prior or simultaneous ''GivingEvent'', as in an Exchange. NOTE that this is just one of the Giving events, not both; this is a subevent of a ''Transaction''. This differs from ''GivingBack'' in that the thing given is not the same as the thing previously received in the Action that motivates this Action given. The 'giver' in the this event is the recipient of a prior or simultaneous ''ReciprocalAction''. The 'giving' in either direction can be of any ''ValuableThing'' including time, labor, moral support, money, or anything that can cause a feeling of gratitude or obligation. 'returning a favor' is one of many possible scenarios. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reciprocate' in WordNet: 1. reciprocate - (act, feel, or give mutually or in return; 'We always invite the neighbors and they never reciprocate!')
Super-classes	GivingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value QuidProQuo^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mutual^c wasMotivatedBy^op some GivingEvent^c isaSubEventOf^op value Transaction^c
Sub-classes	Compensating^c

ReciprocalRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReciprocalRole`
Description	A 'ReciprocalRole' is a Role that relates one thing to another in a symmetrical way; if X hasRoleTo Y, then Y hasRoleTo X. Examples are Partner, Spouse, Acquaintance. There should be a symmetrical relation in the ontology for each ReciprocalRole.
Super-classes	Role^c
Sub-classes	Partner^c Playmate^c BusinessPartner^c Acquaintance^c Outsider^c FormerAssociate^c Insider^c Stranger^c Spouse^c Colleague^c

Reciprocality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reciprocality`
Description	''Reciprocality'' is a relation that involves a Group of at least two things that each have a relations to each other that are inseparable from each other, but not necessarily symmetric. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reciprocality' in WordNet: 1. reciprocality, reciprocity - (a relation of mutual dependence or action or influence)`
Super-classes	Relation^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op only (Group^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	Interdependence^c

ReciprocatingMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReciprocatingMotion`
Description	A ''ReciprocatingMotion'' is a 'ShakingMotion'' in which a PhysicalObject move back and forth along the same (more or less linear) path. `NOTE: a single forward and backward motion of an object is an instance of this type. Corresponds to part (for linear motion, not an alternating rotation) of verb sense 2 of 'reciprocate' in WordNet: 2. reciprocate - (alternate the direction of motion of; 'the engine reciprocates the propeller')`
Super-classes	ShakingMotion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value StraightPath^c hasSubEvent^op value ForwardMotion^c hasSubEvent^op value BackwardMotion^c
Sub-classes	SlidingInAndOutOfSomething^c RectilinearShaking^c

Reckless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reckless

Description

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'reckless' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) foolhardy, heady, rash, reckless - (marked by defiant disregard 
              for danger or consequences; 'foolhardy enough to try to seize the gun from the hijacker'; 
              'became the fiercest and most reckless of partisans'-Macaulay; 
              'a reckless driver'; 'a rash attempt to climb Mount Everest')
         2. heedless, reckless - (characterized by careless unconcern; 
             'the heedless generosity and the spasmodic extravagance of persons used to 
                large fortunes'- Edith Wharton; 'reckless squandering of public funds')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c
FeelingAttribute^c

Recklessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recklessness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'recklessness' in WordNet: 1. (2) recklessness, foolhardiness, rashness - (the trait of giving little thought to danger)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Caution^c isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Reckless^c

Recliner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recliner`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recliner' in WordNet: 1. recliner, reclining chair, lounger - (an armchair whose back can be lowered and foot can be raised to allow the sitter to recline in it)`
Super-classes	Armchair^c Device^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adjustable^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Reclining^c

Reclining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reclining`
Description	''Reclining'' is an Action performed by an Person in which the Person leans back on a slanted object (e.g. a Bed with a bolster or a ''Recliner'' chair). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'recline' in WordNet: 1. lean back, recline - (move the upper body backwards and down)`
Super-classes	LeaningOnSomething^c
Sub-classes	LyingOneselfDown^c

Recognition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recognition`
Description	'Recognition' is an Action in which one agent informs a Person, directly or indirectly, that some person's action(s) has been noticed and is appreciated as being good in some sense; one common instance is the case where the person whose action is being acknowledged is him/herself being informed of the fact; but one can also recognize the work of other people in a speech act or publication, where the person whose work is being recognized is not aware of the act of Recognition. This is a broad category, including acts like one-on-one congratulations, or formal award ceremonies, or citations in scholarly works. This Action is the act of informing, and it presupposes a prior act of noticing the action that is appreciated. In WordNet 'recognition' is classified as a state, but in COSMO it is an Action; the state of 'being recognized' follows as a necessary consequence from the action of 'Recognition', but that state is not represented by this type, nor as of rev833, by any other type in COSMO.. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'recognition' and noun sense 1 of 'acknowledgement' and verb sense 7 of 'recognize' and sense 4 of 'acknowledge', and sense 1 of'credit' and includes part of noun sense 2 of 'acknowledgement' in WordNet: 1. (10) recognition, acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged; 'the partners were delighted with the recognition of their work'; 'she seems to avoid much in the way of recognition or acknowledgement of feminist work prior to her own') WN 'acknowledgement': 1. recognition, acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged; 'the partners were delighted with the recognition of their work'; 'she seems to avoid much in the way of recognition or acknowledgement of feminist work prior to her own') 2. acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (a statement acknowledging something or someone; 'she must have seen him but she gave no sign of acknowledgment'; 'the preface contained an acknowledgment of those who had helped her') WN 'recognize': (= sense 4 of 'acknowledge') 7. (2) acknowledge, recognize, recognise - (express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for; 'We must acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us') WN noun 'credit': 1. (7) recognition, credit - (approval; 'give her recognition for trying'; 'he was given credit for his work'; 'give her credit for trying'; 'the credits were given at the end of the film')
Super-classes	SociabilityBasedAction^c GoodThing^c Informing^c PleasantThing^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value CreditSituation^c
Sub-classes	RecognitionOfMerit^c MovieCredits^c

RecognitionOfMerit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecognitionOfMerit`
Description	A ''RecognitionOfMerit'' is a formal ''Recognition'' provided by an Organization to someone who performed a notable good service. may produce a 'merit award'? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memorial' in WordNet: 1. (1) memorial, commemoration, remembrance - (a recognition of meritorious service)`
Super-classes	Recognition^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value CreditSituation^c

Recognizable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recognizable

Description

''Recognizable'' is an attribute of situations, or events or Objects or attributes that are capable (not necesarily with ease) of being identified (as an individual) or categorized (as a type) usually because of having some perceivable distinctive attribute(s) or characteristic attribute combinations.

      NOTE: the difference between WN senses 1 and 2 are difficult to specify
        logically.  Sense 1 gloss seems closer to the parent attribute ''Perceivable''.

        Includes adjective sense 1 of 'recognizable' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) recognizable - (easily perceived; easy to become aware of; 
               'this situation produces recognizable stress symptoms')
          2. (2) recognizable, recognisable, placeable - (capable of being recognized)

Super-classes Perceivable^c

Recognized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recognized

Description

This sense of ''Recognized'' means 'accepted widely as appropriate (for this purpose)'.

     NOTE: 'recognized' meaning 'identified' is represented as ''Identified''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recognized' in WordNet:
          1. (3) accepted, recognized, recognised - (generally approved or
             compelling recognition; 'several accepted techniques for treating the condition';
             'his recognized superiority in this kind of work')

Super-classes Acknowledged^c

Recognizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recognizing`
Description	An Action in which something is classified as belonging to some previously known category, or being some previously known individual, by use of some physical observation (using any of the senses, or aided by any tool or instrument). In this act, the category or individual is distinguished from others. The more specific subtypes are ''Classifying', in which something is identified as belonging to a particular type (class, sort, kind, category) Example: 'He identified the tree as a Japanese maple.' This act can be accomplished using any sense or method, including computerized pattern analyis or analytical procedures. Cyc: A subcollection of #$PurposefulAction, instances of #$Identifying are those actions in which something is identified. See also #$identifiedThing, #$IdentifyingObjectAsType, #$identifiedAsType and #$IdentifyingAsTypeFn. Includes verb sense 1 of 'identify' and sense 5 of 'identification' and sense 2 of 'recognition' in WordNet: WN 'recognize: 3. (25) recognize, recognise, distinguish, discern, pick out, make out, tell apart - (detect with the senses; 'The fleeing convicts were picked out of the darkness by the watchful prison guards'; 'I can't make out the faces in this photograph') 4. (11) recognize, recognise - (perceive to be the same) WN verb 'identify': 1. (33) identify, place - (recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something; 'She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster') WN 'identification': 5. recognition, identification - (the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering; 'a politician whose recall of names was as remarkable as his recognition of faces'; 'experimental psychologists measure the elapsed time from the onset of the stimulus to its recognition by the observer')
Super-classes	Remembering^c Distinguishing^c Learning^c Inquiring^c
Sub-classes	RecognizingBySight^c Diagnosing^c IdentifyingaPerson^c AnalyzingGroupProperties^c Identifying^c Classifying^c

RecognizingBySight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecognizingBySight`
Description	The act of Recognizing something by use of the eyes (with or without the assistance of an instrument). For the more general sense of recognition, by any sense, use 'Recognizing'. This includes recognizing types of Event, as in 'Jack recognized the childrens's game from his stay in China.' `Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'recognize' in WordNet (restricted to recognition by visual observation): in WordNet: 3. (25) recognize, recognise, distinguish, discern, pick out, make out, tell apart - (detect with the senses; 'The fleeing convicts were picked out of the darkness by the watchful prison guards'; 'I can't make out the faces in this photograph')`
Super-classes	Recognizing^c Seeing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObserved^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)

RecoillessLauncher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecoillessLauncher`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$MissileLaunchers. Each instance of #$RecoillessLauncher is intended to launch #$Missiles without recoil.
Super-classes	RocketLauncher^c
Sub-classes	Bazooka^c

Recommendation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recommendation`
Description	A 'Recommendation' is a Suggestion created by a 'ReccomendingEvent' whose content includes a specific preference for one course of action over alternatives. NOTE that a 'Recommendation' is not itself the course of action recommeded, it is a text that describes the course of action' This differs from the WordNet gloss in that this is an AbstractText, not an Action; each Recommendation has as its main topic a recommended course of action; that course of action is the meaning suggested by the WordNet gloss, but the WordNet hgypernym is not an action. Approximately corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'recommendation' in WordNet, if the WordNet synset is interpreted as are its hypernyms as an AbstractText, not an action: in WordNet: 1. (25) recommendation - (something (as a course of action) that is recommended as advisable)
Super-classes	Suggestion^c
Sub-classes	Guidelines^c

Recommended^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recommended

Description

''Recommended'' is the attribute of something that is the object (patient) of a 'RecommendingEvent'' action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recommended' in WordNet:
          1. (3) recommended, suggested - (mentioned as worthy of acceptance; 
            "the recommended medicine"; "the suggested course of study")

Super-classes Suggested^c

RecommendingAgainstSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecommendingAgainstSomething`
Description	''RecommendingAgainstSomething'' is a form of ''ExpressingDisapproval'' in which the thing disapproved of is an ''Action''. This kind of recommendation is typically caused by the ''Disapproval'' by the agent of the Communication of at least one ''AlternativeAction'' that the audience (one or more) of the Action might perform.
Super-classes	ExpressingDisapproval^c RecommendingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op some ChangingAnAgentsAction^c wasMotivatedBy^op value Disapproval^c mayCause^op some ChangingAnAgentsAction^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Deprecated^c hasTopic^op some DeprecatedAction^c

RecommendingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecommendingEvent`
Description	COSMO note: Each RecommendingEvent is a 'Suggesting' in which one of two or more possible courses of action (for another agent) is asserted to be better than the others; this is stronger than a 'Suggesting' in that one course of action is given a clear preference. As with 'Suggesting, a 'RecommendingEvent' discusses a possible Deciding act.It may or may not talk about some FutureSituation(s) which could be caused by the Deciding (i.e. it may give reasons for the Recommending). If in addition to slecting one course of action as preferable, it gives reasons, it is an 'Advising'. NOTE: these days,computer programs may do 'recommending' so this Action is no longer the province of humans only. Cyc: A collection of events, in which an #$IntelligentAgent A tells another #$IntelligentAgent B what A thinks B should do, especially when A knows more than B does about something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'recommend' and senses 1 and 2 of 'urge' (but does not include the notio of 'forcing - this ipurely polite recommendation) in WordNet: 1. (50) recommend, urge, advocate - (push for something; 'The travel agent recommended strongly that we not travel on Thanksgiving Day') WN verb 'urge': 1. (36) urge, urge on, press, exhort - (force or impel in an indicated direction; 'I urged him to finish his studies')
Super-classes	Informing^c Suggesting^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Recommendation^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Recommended^c
Sub-classes	NudgingaPersonToAct^c AdvocatingaBelief^c RecommendingAgainstSomething^c UrgingAnAnimalToAct^c Referring^c PrescribingAnAction^c

Reconciling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reconciling`
Description	''Reconciling''is a ''CausingHarmony'' in which an Agent performs some ''Reasoning'' Action (such as by adding assumptions or theories) to make two or more different asertions appear logically consistent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reconcile' in WordNet: 1. (2) accommodate, reconcile, conciliate - (make compatible with; 'The scientists had to accommodate the new results with the existing theories')`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	causes^op value BeingConforming^c

Reconnaissance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reconnaissance`
Description	''Reconnaissance'' is a ''ScoutingAhead''in which a Person or GroupOfPeople forming a part of a larger GroupOfPeople goes ahead to a place where the larger Group is planning to go, to determine what is there. This is especially used in military operations, to determne if any enemy forces are present where the main Group is going. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reconnaissance' in WordNet: 1. reconnaissance, reconnaissance mission - (the act of reconnoitring (especially to gain information about an enemy or potential enemy); 'an exchange of fire occurred on a reconnaissance mission')`
Super-classes	ScoutingAhead^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value InformationAboutaPlace^c

Reconnecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reconnecting`
Description	''Reconnecting'' is an act of ''Connecting'' that follows a prior act of ''Disconnecting'' which follows an earlier act of ''Connecting''. `There is no definition of 'reconnect' or 'reconnecting' in WN or any other dictionary consulted, only as a combining form of 'connecting'.`
Super-classes	Connecting^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Disconnecting^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Connecting^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Disconnecting^c

Record^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Record`
Description	A Record is an abstract sequence of symbols (usually linguistic) representing a sequence of events or sounds or images that occurred. One example is a written document with a set of sentences describing the events of a meeting. For an abstract example, a sequence of abstract symbols, stored in one of more computers, can provide a Trace of some computational or reasoning process such as one carried out in the computer. As an Artifact, it has to have an IntelligentAgent as creator - for traces generated by a computer, that Agent will be the programmer or, if sufficiently autonomous, the computer itself - or both. This can be represented by a ''Document-Physical'' or a physical sound recording or a video recording. `Corresponds to part (the abstract part) of noun sense 1 of 'record' in WordNet: 1. (238) record - (anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events; 'the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques')`
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c Trace^c
Sub-classes	Testimony^c PerformanceRecord^c ReasoningRecord^c DataFile^c HistoricalNarrative^c NarrativeRecord^c

RecordBook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecordBook`
Description	A ''RecordBook'' is the abstract symbolic content of a 'PerformanceRecord', which has been recorded as a ''Book-Physical''. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish the physical book from the abstract content. The WN terms may label either of those concepts. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'record book' in WordNet: 1. record, record book, book - (a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone; 'Al Smith used to say, 'Let's look at the record''; 'his name is in all the record books')`
Super-classes	PerformanceRecord^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only Book-Physical^c

Recorded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recorded`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recorded' in Wordnet: 1. (3) recorded - (set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction; "recorded music")`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

RecordedTestimony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecordedTestimony`
Description	A physical recording (taken by hand or machine) of testimony given as part of a JudicialProcess.
Super-classes	PhysicalEvidence^c Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some Testimony^c
Sub-classes	Affidavit^c

RecordedVideoCassette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecordedVideoCassette`
Description	A ''VideoCassette'' that has had some video images recorded in it - not blank.
Super-classes	VideoRecording^c VideoCassette^c

Recorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recorder`
Description	Simple WoodwindInstrument. `RHW: 5. an end-blown flute having a fipple mouthpiece, eight finger holes, and a soft, mellow tone. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'recorder' in WordNet: 4. fipple flute, fipple pipe, recorder, vertical flute - (a woodwind with a vertical pipe and 8 finger holes and a whistle mouthpiece)`
Super-classes	WoodwindInstrument^c CylindricalHollowObject^c
Restrictions	hasSpatialPart^op value FingerHole^c

Recording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recording`
Description	A 'Recording' is a PhysicalObject created by a InformationRecordingDevice (of any type), that contains a representation of some 'Record' (which is an abstract sequence of symbols representing the sequence of changes in an Event. NOTE that an 'InformationRecordingDevice' is an artifact, therefore the brain, which can record information is not an instance, and the information in the brain is not a 'Recording'. A hand transcription of speech is not a Recording. NOTE: one may distinguish an original recording from an InformationRecordingDevice from copies of that original recording,but at this point (rev827) COSMO does not make that distinction. Therefore every copy of a phonograph record, audio tape, photographic image, whether original or reproduced by some accurate reproduction process, is an instance of this type. For the act of 'recording something' use InformationRecordingEvent. @ToDo: NOTE that the restriction 'isCreatedByDeviceType' 'InformationRecordingDevice', if applicable to copies, would imply that a copying device is an 'InformationRecordingDevice'. This is not quite the intended meaning (though it is not unreasonable), and copies may need to be represented separately from originals. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'record' in WordNet (the part that is a record created by a device, not by hand): in WordNet: 1. (238) record - (anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events; 'the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques') WN noun 'recording': 3. recording - (a storage device on which information (sounds or images) have been recorded)
Super-classes	PhysicalEvidence^c ArtifactObject^c InformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recorded^c isCreatedByDeviceType^op value InformationRecordingDevice^c isTheProductOf^op value InformationRecordingEvent^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Record^c hadObjectModified^op value InformationStorageMediumObject^c
Sub-classes	SoundRecording^c MusicAlbum^c VideoRecording^c

Recouping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recouping`
Description	''Recouping'' is a ''Regaining'' of something valuable that was lost by some pror Event. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'recoup' in WordNet: 2. recover, recoup, recuperate - (regain or make up for; 'recuperate one's losses')`
Super-classes	Regaining^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value WorseningEvent^c hadRestoredObject^op some owl:Thing^c

Recourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recourse`
Description	A ''Recourse'' is an 'AlternativeAction' that a Person performs to achieve a Goal after other attempts to achieve that end have failed. part of WN 'recourse seems to fit this meaning. NOTE: the two verb senses of 'recourse' in WordNet have glosses indicating that a'recourse' is a object (e.g. person) but the examples include actions : this type is an ''Action'' performed when another action has failed or seems likely to fail in WordNet: 1. (2) recourse, resort, refuge - (act of turning to for assistance; 'have recourse to the courts'; 'an appeal to his uncle was his last resort') 2. recourse, refuge, resort - (something or someone turned to for assistance or security; 'his only recourse was the police'; 'took refuge in lying')
Super-classes	AlternativeAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo^op some ActionType^c

Recovered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recovered

Description

''Recovered'' is the attribute of an Animal or part of an animal who experienced an ''AilmentCondition'' followed by a ''HealingEvent''.

       NOTE: in CYC 'recovered' is a state; in COSMO it is an attribute.
         The 'recovered state' could be represented if it is needed.
         CYC: The state of having recovered from some type of ailment.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recovered' in Wordnet:
         1. cured, healed, recovered - (freed from illness or injury;
            'the patient appears cured'; 'the incision is healed'; 
            'appears to be entirely recovered'; 'when the recovered patient
            tries to remember what occurred during his delirium'- Normon Cameron)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Recovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recovering`
Description	''Recovering'' includes any kind of ''Regaining'' Event, whether natural or an intentional action, that reverses the effect of some Event of '''WorseningEvent''. For 'gaining back' something that islost, use ''Regaining''. A partial recovery of a loss or worsening is still a ''Recovering'', and in that case it 'reversesTheEffectOf' whatever part of the worsening that is reversed. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'recover' and noun sense 1 and 2 of 'recovery' in WordNet: 1. (9) recover, retrieve, find, regain - (get or find back; recover the use of; 'She regained control of herself'; 'She found her voice and replied quickly') 2. (4) recuperate, recover, convalesce - (get over an illness or shock; 'The patient is recuperating') WN noun 'recovery': 1. (3) recovery - (return to an original state; 'the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid')
Super-classes	ImprovementEvent^c Regaining^c
Restrictions	typicallyFollows^op value WorseningEvent^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value WorseningEvent^c
Sub-classes	HealingEvent^c

Recreational^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recreational`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recreational' in Wordnet: 1. (1) recreational - (of or relating to recreation; 'a recreational area with a pool and ball fields')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

RecreationalActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecreationalActivity`
Description	The subtype of characteristically human actions that are performed out of interest or for pleasure or mild amusement - Cyc: The collection of all events which animals (especially humans) do for enjoyment. This is not necessarily an athletic activity. (See 'Swinging'). Altough this is a 'characteristically' human Action, it is possible that some animals may perform analogous actions in some cases (i.e. 'for enjoyment') Corresponds to sense 1 of 'activity' in Longman: 'something that you do because you enjoy it'. In SUMO, 'RecreationOrExercise' is slightly broader, including exercise: SUMO: A Process that is carried out for the purpose of recreation or exercise. Since RecreationOrExercise is a subclass of IntentionalProcess, the intent of a process determines whether or not it is an instance of the class. Hence, if John and Bill watch the same program on television, and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely to satisfy an educational requirement, then John's watching the movie is an instance of RecreationOrExercise, while Bill's is not (both cases of watching the television program would however be in the class of Seeing, since being an instance of this latter class is not determined by intention). Includes sense 1 and sense 2 of 'recreation' in WordNet; the part of sense 2 meaning 'relaxing', i.e. sitting or lying down while awake, perhaps reading, but not performing mental or physically strenuous actions, is represented by the subtype 'Resting-RelaxingEvent'. in WordNet: 1. (23) diversion, recreation - (an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates; 'scuba diving is provided as a diversion for tourists'; 'for recreation he wrote poetry and solved crossword puzzles'; 'drug abuse is often regarded as a form of recreation') 2. refreshment, recreation - (activity that refreshes and recreates; activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation; 'time for rest and refreshment by the pool'; 'days of joyous recreation with his friends')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value Pleasure^c causes^op value Pleasure^c
Sub-classes	Hiking^c BirdWatching^c Pastime^c Playing^c Celebration^c Skateboarding^c HumanRelaxingEvent^c WaterSportActivity^c Rafting^c Boating^c MovieShowingAtATheater^c Swimming^c Flirting^c Bowling^c Smoking^c SwingingOnASwing^c Skiing^c Climbing-Recreational^c Snowboarding^c CraftingObjects^c PlayfulFrolic^c Spelunking^c

RecreationalArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecreationalArea`
Description	A RecreationalArea is a RecreationalFacility (a PhysicalObject) that is a LandArea that is designated for or was created for recreational use. These are the PhysicalObjects occupying an
Super-classes	LandArea^c RecreationalFacility^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some OutdoorRecreationArea^c
Sub-classes	Playground^c

RecreationalFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecreationalFacility`
Description	A RecreationalFacility is a PhysicalObject .that is an Artifact that is designated for or was created for recreational use. NOTE that a RecreationalFacility (such as a national park) can be largely natural and still be an 'Artifact' by virtue of its being marked off and adapted for recreational use. @ToDo: this needs further analysis - how natural things can become 'artifacts'
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c
Sub-classes	RecreationalArea^c

RecreationalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecreationalObject`
Description	Each 'RecreationalObject' is a human-scale Object used for some 'RecreationalActivity'; this is distinct from a 'RecreationalFacility', and may be used in some 'Game', `The subtypes ''Plaything''and ''Toy'' are used for ''Playing'', This type includes Sports equipment but for facilities - for that see parent 'EntertainmentDevice'..`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c ManufacturedGoods^c EntertainmentDevice^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op some RecreationalActivity^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value RecreationalActivity^c
Sub-classes	Plaything^c PlaygroundObject^c GameArtifact^c

RecreationalVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecreationalVehicle`
Description	A ''RecreationalVehicle'' (RV) is typically larger than a minivan,but may be only a little larger, oan be almost as long as a moving van. `CYC: Large, van-shaped vehicles intended for camping or overnight travelling, and equipped with built-in furniture (seating, table, bunks), kitchen, and sanitary facilities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recreational vehicle' in WordNet: 1. recreational vehicle, RV, R.V. - (a motorized wheeled vehicle used for camping or other recreational activities)`
Super-classes	WheeledTransportationDevice^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c RoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	isLargerThan^op value Automobile^c
Sub-classes	CampingVehicle^c

Recruit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recruit`
Description	This is for military recruits. Civilian new employees are represented by ''NewHire''. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'recruit' in WordNet: 1. (2) recruit, military recruit - (a recently enlisted soldier) 2. (2) recruit, enlistee - (any new member or supporter (as in the armed forces))`
Super-classes	EnlistedPerson^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value EnlistingInTheMilitary^c

Recruiter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recruiter`
Description	This type of ''Recruiter'' does not necessarily belong to the Organization for whom s/he recruits. A ''Recruiter'' attempts to provide members or employees, but does not always succeed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recruiter' in WordNet: 1. recruiter - (someone who supplies members or employees)`
Super-classes	Person^c ServiceProvider^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value RecruitingActivity^c

RecruitingActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecruitingActivity`
Description	CYC: The collection of all actions in which an #$IntelligentAgent attempts to persuade one or more #$IntelligentAgents to join an #$Organization or take part in an activity directed by some #$Organization. `For non-military someone recruited might be referred to as a 'new hire' - also 'recruit?? (not in WN for civilians) Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'recruit' in WordNet: 2. (3) recruit - (seek to employ; 'The lab director recruited an able crew of assistants')`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Recruitment^c

RecruitingUnionMembers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecruitingUnionMembers`
Description	Each ''RecruitingUnionMembers'' is an ''Enrolling'' Action performed by a ''UnionOrganizer''. This occurs before the formation of a Union, so the person enrolled in this action becomes a 'vote' for the act of unionizing a group or business, but does not automatically become a Union member. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unionize' in WordNet: 1. unionize, unionise - (recruit for a union or organize into a union; 'We don't allow people to come into our plant and try to unionize the workers')`
Super-classes	Enrolling^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Unionizing^c isPerformedBy^op value UnionOrganizer^c

Recruitment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recruitment`
Description	''Recruitment'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' including effort to convince people to join a Group or Organization (''RecruitingActivity'' - an ''AttemptingActivity'') plus the resulting ''JoiningAnOrganization'' (a Hiring or Enlistment or Joining a cause). Thus someone getting a job in prvate enterprise or entering the military may not be the result of a ''Recruitment'' activity. That will be included in ''JoiningAnOrganization'' but will not be the result of a ''RecruitingActivity''. This conforms to the WN sense which is a subtype of ''accomplishement', a ''SuccessfulAction'' attempting to and succeeding to convince a Person to take a job or enter the military. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recruitment' in WordNet: 1. (6) recruitment, enlisting - (the act of getting recruits; enlisting people for the army (or for a job or a cause etc.))
Super-classes	SuccessfulAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some JoiningAnOrganization^c hasSubEvent^op value RecruitingActivity^c

Rectangle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rectangle`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Parallelogram and #$EquiangularPolygon. This is the collection of all rectangular objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. `SUMO: Any Quadrilateral whose angles are all RightAngles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rectangle' in Wordnet: 1. (3) rectangle - (a parallelogram with four right angles)`
Super-classes	Parallelogram^c EquiangularPolygon^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 4^c hasShape^op value Rectangular^c
Sub-classes	SquarishRectangle^c Oblong^c Square^c
In domain of	hasMinimumRatioOfSides^dp hasMaximumRatioOfSides^dp

Rectangular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rectangular

Description

'Rectangular' is the property of a two-dimensional object that has four sides and four corners, the corners of which are at right angles - i.e. the shape of a Rectangle.

        Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'rectangular' in WordNet:
          1. (3) rectangular - (having four right angles; 'a rectangular figure twice as long as it is wide')

Super-classes Angular^c

RectangularParallelepiped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RectangularParallelepiped`
Description	A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Parallelepiped (q.v.). Each instance of #$RectangularParallelepiped is a three-dimensional object each of whose six faces is a #$Rectangle. Examples include certain spatially-localized objects (e.g a matchbox) as well as abstract rectangular parallelipipeds. Specializations of this collection include #$Cube, #$Block, and #$Beam. `This is not a PhysicalObject - for a block-shaped physical object, use 'Block' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'block' in WordNet: 3. (1) block, cube - (a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides)`
Super-classes	Parallelepiped^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value RectangularParallelepipedLike^c
Sub-classes	Cube^c

RectangularParallelepipedLike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RectangularParallelepipedLike`
Description	'RectangularParallelepipedLike' is the property of a three-dimensional object that is shaped like a 'RectangularParallelepiped', having ends of two equal rectangular faces, connecting by straight lines at the corners - like a typical piece of construction lumber, or toy block. The ShapeType 'Cubic' is a subtype.
Super-classes	Polyhedral^c
Sub-classes	Cubic^c

RectangularPictureFrame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RectangularPictureFrame`
Description	The kind of rectangular planar frame used to hold a picture, mirror, or important document such as a college degree or testimonial. `For an oval picture frame use the parent ''PictureFrame''. Cyc (called 'FrameForPictureOrMirror'): An open border or case for enclosing a picture, mirror, etc.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picture frame' in WordNet: 1. (1) picture frame - (a framework in which a picture is mounted)`
Super-classes	PictureFrame^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Rectangle^c hasShape^op value Rectangular^c

RectangularPoints^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RectangularPoints`
Description	Each 'RectangularPoints' is a Group of four 'SpacePoint's that have a specific spatial relation to each other, in any number of dimensions. `The Group itself does not have an element to represent the relations.`
Super-classes	PatternOfPoints^c
Restrictions	hasCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CARD_4^c

RectilinearShaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RectilinearShaking`
Description	A 'ReciprocatingMotion' is a ShakingMotion in which a PhysicalObject moves back and forth in a linear path (as contrasted with rotation back and forth) . This is also called 'reciprocating' motion, but the WordNet seems to include non-rectiliear motions in the term 'reciprocate'. This type of 'ShakingMotion' excludes wrist-action shaking, in which an object is rotated in alternating directions about an axis of rotation, and excludes swirling motion, in which the bottom part of an object moves in a circular path while the top part stays approximately in the same place. `A rapid 'RectilinearShaking' that does not move very far in either direction is represented as the subtype 'Vibration'. The sense of 'rectilinear' here is sense 4 in RHW: 4. moving in a straight line.`
Super-classes	ReciprocatingMotion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value StraightPath^c
Sub-classes	Vibration^c

Rectum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rectum`
Description	The end of the large intestine where feces collects before defecating. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rectum' in WordNet: 1. rectum - (the terminal section of the alimentary canal; from the sigmoid flexure to the anus)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c Intestine^c AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value AlimentaryCanal^c isConnectedToDirectly^op value Anus^c

Recurrence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recurrence`
Description	A 'Recurrence' is an Event of a type that has occurred previously. This type has to be distinguished from just any Event in the same category as another Event; it is not true that all instances of an event type other than the first is a 'Recurrence'; there has to be some commonality in addition to the type that makes an Event a Recurrence of another Event. One criterion would be an Event that has some of the same participants as a previous Event (a recurrence of an illness in a person); another criterion would be an Event happening in the same place as a previous Event of that type (a recurrence of auto accidents at a particular intersection; a recurrence of flooding in a particular river); another criterion would be an Event of a type that occurs at more or less regular intervals over some period of time (a recurrence of locust infestations). NOTE: for a recurrence of some action by an agent, use the more specific 'Repeating'. NOTE that the ''impliesPriorEventType'' relation will point to the EventType that is the same as that of the Event that has recurred. See also related: ''RepeatedEventType'' for EventTypes that by convention repeat at certain time intervals.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recurrence' and verb sense 1 of 'recur' and verb sense 3 of 'repeat' in WordNet: 1. (1) recurrence, return - (happening again (especially at regular intervals); 'the return of spring') WN verb 'recur' 1. (5) recur, repeat - (happen or occur again; 'This is a recurring story') WN noun 'repeat' 1. (2) repeat, repetition - (an event that repeats; 'the events today were a repeat of yesterday's')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	ReNaming^c Flashback^c ReopeningSomething^c RevisitingaPlace^c Relapsing^c Remarrying^c ReElection^c Recapturing^c Repeating^c

Recurring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recurring`
Description	''Recurring'' is a qualitative attribute of something that 'repeats' or 'recurs' (happens or is present more than once). Something that is ''Recurring'' may happen twice or many more than two times, and the number of repetitions is suggested in subtypes of this type. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recurring' in WordNet: 1. recurring, revenant - (coming back; 'a revenant ghost')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Frequent^c OccurringPeriodically^c Sporadic^c Haunting^c

RecurringAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecurringAction`
Description	A ''RecurringAction'' is a type of ''Action'' that recurs over some interval of time, not necessarily regular. Regular periodic meetings of groups are one example.
Super-classes	Action^c
Sub-classes	GubernatorialElection^c Menstruating^c ElectionOfaUSPresident^c ElectingaGovernor^c MaingaSputteringSound^c

RecurringActionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecurringActionType`
Description	RecurringActionType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction for ''RecurringAction''s and its subtypes .
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	ElectingaGovernor MaingaSputteringSound TakingOnesTurn Menstruating GubernatorialElection ElectionOfaUSPresident

RecurringTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecurringTimeInterval`
Description	Each recurringTimeInterval is one of a group of TimeIntervals that occur in sequence, separated from each other by other time intervals, satisfying some criterion for the interval of separation. The most common are days of the week, such as 'Sunday' or 'Monday', specifying those days that are labeled as Sunday or Monday. Months also have names that specify recurring intervals, and so do Holidays and specific calendar dates such as 'January 1'. Some recurring time intervals move around on the calendar, such as movable holidays.
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	AfterSchoolTime^c SchoolSessionTime^c Hour^c Week^c Day^c Month^c ReligiousSeason^c DayOfTheYear^c TimeOfDay^c Fortnight^c MoveableHoliday^c Year^c IslamicCalendarMonth^c

RecurringTimePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RecurringTimePoint`
Description	A ''RecurringTimePoint'' is a ''RecurringTimeInterval'' of zero length. This can be used to refer to a ''TimeOfDay'' that is a ''Timepoint''.
Super-classes	TimePoint^c
Sub-classes	ClosingTime^c OpeningTime^c

Recyclable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recyclable

Description

The property of things that can be reused by reprocessing, rather than by being used again as is.

      For the sense of being 'reusable' as in mult-use items
         (durable goods), use.

       Corresponds to the 'recyclable' part of adjective sense 1 of 'reusable' in WordNet: 
         1. reclaimable, recyclable, reusable - (capable of being used again)

Super-classes Reusable^c

Recycled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recycled`
Description	`There is no entry in WN or RHW for 'recycled'.`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Recycling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Recycling`
Description	''Recycling'' is a ''ProcessingSomething'' in which some material that had been used (or discarded?) is subjected to a ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' to make it more useful, perhaps for the original purpose of the material that is repreoceesed. This includes 'recycling' in its common sense. `The patient can be an Object or a Substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reprocess' in WordNet: 1. recycle, reprocess, reuse - (use again after processing; 'We must recycle the cardboard boxes)`
Super-classes	ProcessingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)

Red^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Red`
Description	The attribute of having a color sufficiently close to a pure red to be called 'red' rather than some variant such as 'maroon' or 'purple' or 'rose'. Still provides a wide range of actual colors. `NOTE: the broad WN synset is broken into different subtypes in COSMO each using the same synset as a label. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'red' in WordNet: 1. (43) red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet - (of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies)`
Super-classes	Reddish^c
Sub-classes	DarkRed-Color^c DeepRed-Color^c

Red-HairColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Red-HairColor

Description

The color of human hair that is considered ''Red'' - ranging from light red to orange.

     No obvious WN entry

Super-classes HairColorValue^c
Reddish^c

RedAndWhiteStriped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedAndWhiteStriped

Description

An Attribute of a surface (usually a human face) that has alternating ''Stripes'' of ''Red'' and ''White''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'striped' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) striped, stripy - (marked or decorated with stripes)

Super-classes Striped^c
Variegated^c

RedBloodCell^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedBloodCell

Description

SUMO: BloodCells that contain hemoglobin, lack a CellNucleus (in humans), and carry Oxygen to the tissues of the body.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'red blood cell' in WordNet:
         1. (5) red blood cell, RBC, erythrocyte - 
            (a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen 
             to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus)

Super-classes BloodCell^c

RedHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedHair`
Description	COSMO: some quantity of hair colored ''Red-HairColor'' - at least on the head, and perhaps on other body parts.
Super-classes	ColoredThing^c HairOnHead-Human^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Red-HairColor^c

RedHot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedHot`
Description	''RedHot'' is an intense level of ''Hot'' causing or sufficient to cause emision of red light, that generally is produced only by heating, in a fire or being on fire or by some other process. Objects that hot might cause objects like paper to catch fire if touched. This is typically applied to metallic objects like 'a red-hot poker'. The subtype ''Burning'' is used to characterize things currently on fire. `Such objects may give off ''Incandescence''. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'red hot' in WordNet: 4. red-hot - (glowing red with heat)`
Super-classes	Hot^c
Sub-classes	Burning^c

RedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is red.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Red^c
Sub-classes	Strawberry^c

RedSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedSubstance`
Description	A PhysicalSubstance that is red.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Red^c
Sub-classes	BeetStuff^c Blood^c Cinnabar^c

RedWine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedWine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'red wine' in WordNet: 1. red wine - (wine having a red color derived from skins of dark-colored grapes)`
Super-classes	Wine^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Reddish^c
Sub-classes	Burgundy-Wine^c

Reddened^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reddened`
Description	This includes bloodshot eyes, so is not just for skin,and not necessarily uniformly ''Reddish''. Tis can be due to any reason, including emotional events such as embarrassment. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reddened' in Wordnet: 1. crimson, red, reddened, red-faced, flushed - ((especially of the face) reddened or suffused with or as if with blood from emotion or exertion; 'crimson with fury'; 'turned red from exertion'; 'with puffy reddened eyes'; 'red-faced and violent'; 'flushed (or crimson) with embarrassment')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Reddish^c
Sub-classes	Inflamed^c Blushing^c Bloodshot^c

Reddening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reddening`
Description	''Reddening''is an Action performed by some BodyPart of some Animal in which the Bodypart becomes ''Reddish'' `This is an intransitive Action and the sole Agent is the thing that becomes ''Reddish'' (some shade of red). Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'redden' in WordNet: 1. (1) blush, crimson, flush, redden - (turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame; 'The girl blushed when a young man whistled as she walked by') 3. redden - (turn red or redder; 'The sky reddened')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Reddish^c
Sub-classes	BlushingResponse^c

Reddish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reddish`
Description	CYC: The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$RedColor. COSMO note: the type ''reddish' is used as the parent type for various AttrributeValues that have some significant tinge or 'red' in them. NOTE: the broad WN synset is broken into different subtypes in COSMO each using the same synset as a label. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reddish' in Wordnet: 1. red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet - (of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies)
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	Pink^c Purplish^c RustColored^c VioletColor^c RubyColor^c Pinkish^c Ruddy^c Auburn^c MaroonColor^c Reddened^c Red^c Red-HairColor^c LakeColor^c

ReddishAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReddishAttributeType`
Description	A ''ReddishAttributeType'' is a ''ColorAttributeType'' each instance of which is a subclass of ''Reddish'', being any color with some perceptible tinge of ''Red'' in it.
Super-classes	ColorAttributeType^c
Members	MaroonColor Red-HairColor VioletColor LilacColor Purplish RustColored DeepRed-Color Reddish Red RubyColor Inflamed Pinkish Ruddy Pink LakeColor RoseColor Purple Blushing SalmonColor GarnetColor Auburn Reddened Bloodshot BeetRed DarkRed-Color

ReddishBlack-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReddishBlack-Color`
Description
Super-classes	Black^c

ReddishColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReddishColor`
Description	''ReddishColor'' is the AttributeType that takes values of ''ColorAttribute''s that have some degree of ''Red'' in them.
Super-classes	ChromaticColor^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op some ReddishAttributeType^c
Sub-classes	VioletColored^c

RedeemingaVoucher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedeemingaVoucher`
Description	''RedeemingaVoucher''is the Action of giving to some vendor a 'voucher' or 'coupon' or (over the internet or telephone) a number that allows one to get a Product for a lower than usual price, or even for free. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'redeem' in WordNet: 3. redeem - (to turn in (vouchers or coupons) and receive something in exchange)`
Super-classes	Exchange^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Coupon^c hadChangedEntity^op value Coupon^c

RedefiningaWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedefiningaWord`
Description	''RedefiningaWord'' is a ''DefiningaWord'' that replaces a previous ''Definition''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'redefine' in WordNet: 2. redefine - (give a new or different definition of (a word))`
Super-classes	DefiningaWord^c RedoingSomething^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Redefinition^c impliesPriorEventType^op value DefiningaWord^c

Redefinition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redefinition`
Description	A ''Redefinition'' is a ''Definition'' that replaces a prior ''''Definition''. `redefinition`
Super-classes	Definition^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some RedefiningaWord^c

Redesign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redesign`
Description	A ''Redesign'' is a ''Design'' that is created to replace a previous ''Design'', expected to be an improvement on the original. `No WN or RHW sense for this concept.`
Super-classes	Substitute^c Design^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Improved^c isTheProductOf^op value Redesigning^c

Redesigning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redesigning`
Description	Each ''Redesigning'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' that follows a prior ''DesigningEvent'' and results in a new ''Design'' for the same thing. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'redesign' in WordNet: 1. redesign - (design anew, make a new design for)`
Super-classes	DesigningEvent^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Improvement^c produced^op value Redesign^c

Redevelopment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redevelopment`
Description	''Redevelopment'' is a ''DevelopingSomething'' where the thing developed was previously developed, and is improved by a new ''DevelopingSomething'' Action. This is used commonly of tracts of land where the 'developing' involves bilding structures. Previously existing structures in such a tract may be torn down in preparation for the ''Redevelopment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'redevelopment' in WordNet: 1. (1) renovation, redevelopment, overhaul - (the act of improving by renewing and restoring; 'they are pursuing a general program of renovation to the entire property'; 'a major overhal of the healthcare system was proposed') WN verb 'redevelop': 1. redevelop - (develop for a second time, in order to improve the contrast, colour, etc., of a negative or print)
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c ImprovementEvent^c DevelopingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some Evaluating^c

Redhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redhead`
Description	A ''Redhead'' is a ''Person'' having ''HeadHair'' with a ''Red-HairColor'' color. Most commonly used of women. " Why is a girl with a bright red mop, As you have often seen, Given the name of 'carrottop' When carrot tops are green? " - Anonymous `NOTE: at this point not restricted to naturally RedHeaded people - perhaps needs a subtype? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'redhead' in WordNet: 1. redhead, redheader, red-header, carrottop - (someone who has red hair)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value RedHair^c

Redirecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redirecting`
Description	''Redirecting'' is the action of changing the metaphorical 'direction' of something abstract such as one's attention or the focus of ones activities to some 'direction' (goal) other than what was the direction up to the time of ''Redirecting''. This is transitive, but the object could be oneself or another Person,as when a magician 'misdirects' the audience's attention away from his/her maneuvers. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'redirect' in WordNet: 1. (1) redirect, airt - (channel into a new direction; 'redirect your attention to the danger from the fundamentalists')`
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c ChangingDirection^c SendingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value Elsewhere^c

Rediscovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rediscovering`
Description	''Rediscovering'' can be an Action that finds a PhysicalObject or information after it had previously been 'discovered' or lost in some manner. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rediscover' in WordNet: 1. (2) rediscover - (discover again; 'I rediscovered the books that I enjoyed as a child')`
Super-classes	DiscoveryEvent^c LocatingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some DiscoveryEvent^c

Redistributing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redistributing`
Description	''Redistributing'' is a subtype of 'DistributingObjects' in which an Agent (such as a Government) takes Objects (money, property) from one Group of people and gives it to others. Taxation of income or of property transfer is not included. However, a 'wealth tax' might be considered as a form of ''Redistributing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'redistribution' in WordNet: 1. redistribution - (distributing again; 'the revolution resulted in a redistribution of wealth')`
Super-classes	DistributingObjects^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some TakingSomethingAway^c hasSubEvent^op some DistributingObjects^c

Redneck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redneck

Description

      One hypothesized etymology is from some Southerners who would 'crack' their 
       whip when riding into town on a wagon.
            'Georgia cracker'

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'redneck' in WordNet:
          1. redneck, cracker - (a poor white person in the southern United States)

Super-classes Rustic^c

Redness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redness`
Description	`redness`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Red^c
Sub-classes	Erythema^c

RedoingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedoingSomething`
Description	''RedoingSomething'' is an Action that is in part a repetition of a very similar Action previously performed, though not necessarily by the same Agent. If a different agent performs the Action, then the Object acted on (the 'patient') or a significant part of that patient is the same as in the previous Action. This can be used for repeating actions of the same type, or for renovating, updating, or modifying some Object. `Includes a part of WN verb 'redo': 1. (2) remake, refashion, redo, make over - (make new; 'She is remaking her image')`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	Makeover^c ReCreating^c Reinvesting^c Reevaluating^c Rephrasing^c Repeating^c Reprinting^c ReIntroducing^c Refinancing^c Redevelopment^c Rereading^c Rearranging^c ReshapingSomething^c ResettingaDevice^c http://micra.com/COSMO/Reconsidering^c Regrouping^c RedefiningaWord^c ReframingSomething^c RegrowingSomething^c Rescheduling^c ReorganizingaGroup^c

ReducingBrightness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReducingBrightness`
Description	''ReducingBrightness'' is an Action that causes some undesirable level of ''Brightness' to be reduced.
Super-classes	LoweringaValue^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value Brightness^c

ReducingIntensity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReducingIntensity`
Description	''ReducingIntensity'' is a ''ChangingIntensity'' in which the intensity of some of measurable magnitude is decreased.
Super-classes	ChangingIntensity^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Intensity^c
Sub-classes	MufflingaSound^c

ReducingPerceivedGlare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReducingPerceivedGlare`
Description	''ReducingPerceivedGlare'' is an Action that causes some undesirable level of ''Glare' to be reduced.
Super-classes	LoweringaValue^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value PerceivedGlare^c

ReducingTheTerminalVelocity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReducingTheTerminalVelocity`
Description	Each ''ReducingTheTerminalVelocity'' is a 'Reduction' Action on a ''FallingObject'' in which the ''TerminalVelocity'' of the Object is reduced. This can be accomplished by increasing the horizontal cross-section, as is done by spreading the arms and legs by a Person doing Sky-Diving, or by opening a parachute (''DeployingaParachute'').
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value FallingObject^c hadReducedEntity^op value TerminalVelocity^c

ReducingaLinearDimension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReducingaLinearDimension`
Description	''ReducingaLinearDimension''is a ''Reduction'' in which some one or two of the linear measures of a PhysicalObject become smaller without changing the total mass or total volume of the Object. This is done,for example, when steel ingots are rolled into sheets or when a rod (e.g. of steel or copper) is drawn into a smaller rod or a wire. This includes both transitive and intransitive ('having a linear dimension reduced') senses. `The subtypes will be more specific.`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some MalleableThingType^c
Sub-classes	DrawingIntoaWire^c

Reduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reduction`
Description	Each 'Reduction' is a 'DecreaseEvent' in which some agent acts intentionally (in a ''PurposefulAction'') to cause a decrease (in any quantity), even of the Reduction is a side-effect of the intended purpose, as in a ''Depletion'' of some supply or resource.. Linguistically this would be represented by a transitive verb phrase. If the agent causing some decrease is not identifiable at least as to type ('some person') then the more general 'DecreaseEvent' should be used. Corresponds to noun sense 4 and verb sense 2 'decrease' and noun sense 1 of 'reduction' and verb senses 7, and 9 of 'reduce' in WordNet: WN noun 'decrease': 4. decrease, diminution, reduction, step-down - (the act of decreasing or reducing something) WN verb 'decrease' 2. (3) decrease, lessen, minify - (make smaller; 'He decreased his staff') WN verb 'reduce' 7. (2) shrink, reduce - (reduce in size; reduce physically; 'Hot water will shrink the sweater'; 'Can you shrink this image?') 9. (1) reduce, scale down - (make smaller; 'reduce an image') WN noun 'decrease': 2. (1) decrease, decrement - (a process of becoming smaller or shorter)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op some owl:Thing^c isPerformedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Shortening^c ShrinkingEvent^c Depletion^c Deodorizing^c Mitigation^c Offsetting^c Bleaching^c Specializing^c ReductionInStatus^c SilencingPeople^c CuttingBackAnActivity^c InhibitingAnAction^c ReducingaLinearDimension^c Downsizing^c ThinningOutaGroup^c ReducingTheTerminalVelocity^c Minimizing^c Dehumidifying^c SmallReduction^c LimitingAction^c PriceReduction^c Detracting^c

ReductionInStatus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReductionInStatus`
Description	'''ReductionInStatus'' is a 'Reduction' in the social ''Status'' of some Person, for any reason, and for any aspect of ''Status''.
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Status^c

Redundant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redundant`
Description	''Redundant'' is the AttributeValue things (objects or Actions) that are unnecessary because they are already present (explicitly or implicitly) or have already been done. For example, an assertion made more than once in a discourse would be ''Redundant'' (unless it was explicitly reiterated to remind and discuss some nuance). NOTE: this is broader than the subattribute'repetitive' because it covers assertions that are logially implied as well as those that are exact repetitions. No exact match in WN or RHW. The closest RHW sense is: 'redundant' but RHW is apprently only for speech acts. This type is broader: RHW 'redundant': 1. characterized by verbosity or unnecessary repetition in expressing ideas; prolix: a redundant style. Corresponds to part (for things previously added or done) of adjective sense 2 of 'spare' in WordNet: 2. (1) excess, extra, redundant, spare, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus - (more than is needed, desired, or required; 'trying to lose excess weight'; 'found some extra change lying on the dresser'; 'yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant'; 'skills made redundant by technological advance'; 'sleeping in the spare room'; 'supernumerary ornamentation'; 'it was supererogatory of her to gloat'; 'delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words'; 'extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts'; 'surplus cheese distributed to the needy')
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c Unnecessary^c
Sub-classes	Looming^c Repetitive^c

Redwood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Redwood`
Description	The substance ''Redwood'',a type of ''Wood'', is derived from the ''RedwoodTree''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'redwood' in WordNet: 1. redwood - (the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees)`
Super-classes	Wood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value RedwoodTree^c

RedwoodTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedwoodTree`
Description	NOTE: the WN parent of 'redwood' sense 2, meaning the tree, is a subtype of a 'wood', not a tree. WN mistake is corrected here. The 'sequoias' of the Sequoia National Forest' and the Coast Redwoods should be differentiated. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'redwood' in WordNet: 2. sequoia, redwood - (either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae)`
Super-classes	ConiferousTree^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Redwood^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tall^c

Reed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reed`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reed' in WordNet: 1. reed - (tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites)`
Super-classes	GrassFamily^c GraminaceousPlant^c

ReedWoodwindInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReedWoodwindInstrument`
Description	CYC: The collection of all single or double reed #$WoodwindInstruments. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reed instrument' in WordNet: 1. beating-reed instrument, reed instrument, reed - (a musical instrument that sounds by means of a vibrating reed)`
Super-classes	WoodwindInstrument^c
Sub-classes	MultiReedWoodwindInstrument^c SingleReedWoodwindInstrument^c DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument^c

Reef^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reef`
Description	A ''Reef'' is a LandArea within an Ocean that may be completely under water or partly above water. The WN gloss suggests that it is submerged, but is not necssarily fully submerged. `RHW: 1. a ridge of rocks or sand, often of coral debris, at or near the surface of the water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reef' in WordNet: 1. (1) reef - (a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water)`
Super-classes	EcologicalPlace^c OceanRidge^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Sub-classes	CoralReef^c

ReelingSomethingOnOrOffaSpool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReelingSomethingOnOrOffaSpool`
Description	Each ''ReelingSomethingOntoaSpool'' is a 'WindingSomethingOntoaSpool' in which the winding motion is accomplished by an agent intentionally causing the axis of the spool to rotate, thus pulling the line onto the spool. CYC 'Reeling': The #$Collection of events spooling something onto or off of a reel or spool by the #$AxisConstrainedMultirevolutionRotation of that spool. Often when something is reeled off of one reel, it is reeled onto another one such that the amount of unreeled material remains about constant. The #$motionPathway-Complete traversed by points on the #$objectMoving follows along the #$objectMoving. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'reel' (winding onto the spool) in WordNet: 3. reel - (wind onto or off a reel)
Super-classes	MultirevolutionRotation^c WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c CausingAnotherObjectsRotation^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Spool^c hasSubEvent^op value PullingEvent^c

Reestablishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reestablishing`
Description	This ''Reestablishing'' is a ''Renewing'' of some 'PersistentState'' that was previously occurring, and stopped for some interval of time. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reestablish' in WordNet: 1. (1) restore, reinstate, reestablish - (bring back into original existence, use, function, or position; 'restore law and order'; 'reestablish peace in the region'; 'restore the emperor to the throne')`
Super-classes	Renewing^c
Restrictions	typicallyFollows^op value Intermission^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndingWorldWarII

Reevaluating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reevaluating`
Description	''Reevaluating'' is an 'Evaluating' that is performed on some Object or Action or Plan after the same Object or or Action Plan had been previously Evaluated, to determine if a prior conclusion about a Topic may need to be modified. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reevaluate' in WordNet: 1. (1) reassess, reevaluate - (revise or renew one's assessment)`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c Evaluating^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Reasoning^c mayCause^op some ChangingaBelief^c impliesPriorEventType^op some Evaluating^c produces^op some Reassessment^c

ReexpressingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReexpressingSomething`
Description	'ReexpressingSomething' is a ''Rephrasing'' . that puts into different words or symbols some ideas that had be previously stated linguistically or symbolically, while adding something to the meaning or clarity. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'express' in WordNet: 3. (23) express, state - (indicate through a symbol, formula, etc.; 'Can you express this distance in kilometers?')`
Super-classes	Rephrasing^c ExpressingSomething^c LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	Quantifying^c

Referee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Referee`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'referee' in WordNet: 1. (1) referee, ref - ((sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play)`
Super-classes	SportsJudge^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Refereeing^c

Refereeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refereeing`
Description	''Refereeing'' is a ''JudgingaSportsEvent'' in any of several types of contest where there are rules whose violation may incur a penalty. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'referee' in WordNet: 1. referee, umpire - (be a referee or umpire in a sports competition)`
Super-classes	JudgingaSportsEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Referee^c

Reference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reference`
Description	A ''Reference'' is a short ''Comment'' in a LinguisticAssertion that refers to something (anything) said or done or located elsewhere. This is a subtype of ''Mention'' but is shorter - often only a few words, part of a sentence, and is usually only an aside,peripherally related to the main topic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reference' in WordNet: 1. (9) mention, reference - (a remark that calls attention to something or someone; 'she made frequent mention of her promotion'; 'there was no mention of it'; 'the speaker made several references to his wife')`
Super-classes	Mention^c Comment^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some owl:Thing^c isaProperPartOf^op value LinguisticAssertion^c
Sub-classes	Allusion^c Citation^c

ReferencePublication^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReferencePublication

Description

A ''ReferencePublication'' is any part of a document that is published and available to the public and serves as a 'source' of some Information usable by the public..

        Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'reference' in WordNet:
          8. reference, source - (a publication (or a passage from a publication) 
             that is referred to; 'he carried an armful of references back to his desk';
             'he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation')

Super-classes InformationStore^c
PublishedMaterial^c

ReferenceStandard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReferenceStandard`
Description	A ''ReferenceStandard'' is a PortableObject that has been carefully produced so as to conform as closely as possible to the authorized standard value of some measurable property. A ''ReferenceStandard'' is used to allow testng and adjustment of Devices that need to be accurately calibrated in order to perform their intended function. Some quantity of purified chemical substance could qualify, for example to calibrate thermometers at their melting point or other devices by their other known properties. `No corresponding sense can be found in WordNet - RHW has two sense of 'standard' that appear to apply: Generic: 1. something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; an approved model. Specific: 7. the authorized exemplar of a unit of weight or measure.`
Super-classes	PortableObject^c Role^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CalibratingaDevice^c

ReferenceWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReferenceWork`
Description	A specialization of #$TextualPCW. Each instance of #$ReferenceWork is a conceptual work providing a more or less non-speculative, fact-oriented , comprehensive description of some knowledge domain. `NOTE: this can be a part of a larger work, such as the subtype ''Bibligraphy'' (often included as addenda to a larger work). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reference work' in WordNet: 1. reference book, reference, reference work, book of facts - (a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts; 'he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic')`
Super-classes	TextualPCW^c FactualText^c
Sub-classes	Bibliography^c Handbook^c Dictionary^c Thesaurus^c Yearbook^c Directory^c Encyclopedia^c Atlas^c

Referendum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Referendum`
Description	If a ''Referendum'' is approved, it becomes a piece of ''Legislation''. ListOfAlternatives Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'referendum' in WordNet: 1. (1) referendum - (a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate)
Super-classes	DecidingByVote^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value PolicyProposal^c mayProduce^op value Legislation^c

Referring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Referring`
Description	Each ''Referring'' is a ''RecommendingEvent'' by one Profesional to a ''Person'' to consult another Professional specializing in dealing with certain topics. Most commonly used in medical and legal practice. NOTE: The WN 'referral' is ambiguous between the action of referring and the abstract communication. This type is for the action of referring. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'referral' and part of verb sense 4 of 'refer' in WordNet: 1. referral - (a recommendation to consult the (professional) person referred to; 'this patient is a referral from Dr. Bones') WN verb 'refer': 4. (6) refer - (send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision; 'refer a patient to a specialist'; 'refer a bill to a committee')
Super-classes	RecommendingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op some Person^c

ReferringForaDecision^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReferringForaDecision

Description

A ''Referral'' is a ''Forwarding'' by on Profesional

       Corresponds to part of verb (not sending a Person) sense 4 of 'refer' in WordNet:
         4. (6) refer - (send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision; 
           'refer a patient to a specialist'; 'refer a bill to a committee')
       WN noun 'referral':
         2. referral - (the act of referring (as forwarding an applicant for employment
             or referring a matter to an appropriate agency))

Super-classes Forwarding^c

RefillingaContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefillingaContainer`
Description	''RefillingaContainer'' is a ''ReplenishingaSupply'' Action in which an Agent adds back some quantity of material that fits into a physical ''Container'' of some kind, to make it ''Full' or nearly ''Full' (does not have to be overflowing). NOTE: WN gloss includes 'replenish' and 'refill' but this type is for the complete refilling of a ''Container''. For a 'replenishing' action that does not fill a container, use parent ''ReplenishingaSupply'' NOTE that the ''Container''' is a ''PhysicalObject'' - an abstract 'GenericContainer'' may not be fillable, so this is restricted to physical ''Container''s of finite holding capacity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refill' in WordNet: 1. (1) replenish, refill, fill again - (fill something that had previously been emptied; 'refill my glass, please')
Super-classes	ReplenishingaSupply^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Full^c hadThingAffected^op some Container^c

Refinancing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refinancing`
Description	This sense of ''Refinancing'' is a ''Borrowing'' that has a reciprocal Financing'' (by someAgent) for something that had previously been financed. `NOTE: the 'lending' side of ''Refinancing'' is not yet represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refinance' in WordNet: 1. (1) refinance - (renew the financing of)`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c Borrowing^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Financing^c

Refined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refined`
Description	''Refined'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who is ''Polite'' and also shows good taste and cultivation, avoiding crude or offensive actions. For things that a ''Refined'' Person might do see ''Tasteful''. This is similar to ''Decent'' but it includes behavior that is concerned about the person performing the act, not just about others. For a level of ''Polite'' that focuses on being inoffensive to others, use ''Decent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'refined' in WordNet: 1. (2) refined - ((used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel; 'she was delicate and refined and unused to hardship'; 'refined people with refined taste')
Super-classes	Polite^c
Sub-classes	Exquisite^c

Refined-Purified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refined-Purified

Description

''Refined-Purified'' is a subattribute of ''Processed'' applied to something that has has been subjected to a ''ProcessingSomething'' Action. Food, substances, information.

       NOTE that ''refined'' in WN sense 4 .may be intended to represent a
         final stage of refinement.  There does not appear to be sufficient
         distinction for linguistic analsis and

         Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 (no obvious difference)
             of 'refined' in WordNet:
           2. (1) refined, processed - (freed from impurities by processing; 
               'refined sugar'; 'refined oil'; 'to gild refined gold' - Shakespeare)
           4. purified, refined, sublimate - (made pure)

Super-classes Processed^c

RefinedLady^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefinedLady`
Description	A 'RefinedLady' is a 'Lady' whose public behavior is generally polite, courteous, and considerate of others. Tnis is especially applied to women whose refinement is admired by others. `This is the 'lady' referenced in the adjective 'ladylike'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lady' in WordNet: 2. (3) dame, madam, ma'am, lady, gentlewoman - (a woman of refinement; 'a chauffeur opened the door of the limousine for the grand lady')`
Super-classes	Lady^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Refined^c

Refinery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refinery`
Description	A ''Refinery'' is a ''ManufacturingFacility'' where substances are extracted or purified. crude oil Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refinery' in WordNet: 1. refinery - (an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance)
Super-classes	ManufacturingFacility^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicActivity^op value Refining^c createsObject^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	OilRefinery^c

Refining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refining`
Description	''Refining';is to purify some natural material, such as ore or petroleum or sugar cane, to extract the desired substance(s) in some level of purity that qualifies as 'refined'. `CYC: A specialization of #$SeparationEvent. Each instance of #$Refining is an event in which some stuff is transformed from an impure or crude state into a fine or pure state. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'refine' in WordNet: 3. refine - (treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; 'refine paper stock'; 'refine pig iron'; 'refine oil') 4. refine, rectify - (reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; 'refine sugar')`
Super-classes	Purifying^c ProcessingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Ore^c or Petroleum^c or SugarCane^c or SubstanceType^c) produced^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	RefiningOre^c RefiningOil^c UltraPurifying^c

RefiningAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefiningAnAction`
Description	''RefiningAnAction'' is an ''ImproventEvent'' performed by a Person or GroupOfPeople that causes an Action or ability that is ''Skilled'' to become even more effective and closer to perfection. This can be achieved by practicing and changing the procedure for the Action so as to achieve better results. This can be applied to refining a ''Skill'. `NOTE: 'down' is not in RHW in this sense: left out of labels to avoid confusion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refine' in WordNet: 1. (2) polish, refine, fine-tune, down - (improve or perfect by pruning or polishing; 'refine one's style of writing')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c LearningHowToDoSomething^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	improves^op value Skill^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Practicing^c
Sub-classes	HoningaSkill^c

RefiningOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefiningOil`
Description	''RefiningOil';is to purify ''Petroleum'' (crude oil) to extract the desired more usable substance(s) primarily by distillation with other associated procsses. . Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'refine' in WordNet: 3. refine - (treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; 'refine paper stock'; 'refine pig iron'; 'refine oil')
Super-classes	Refining^c
Restrictions	produced^op some SubstanceType^c hadThingAffected^op some PetroleumProductType^c

RefiningOre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefiningOre`
Description	''RefiningOre';is to purify ores to extract the desired substance(s). `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'refine' in WordNet: 3. refine - (treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; 'refine paper stock'; 'refine pig iron'; 'refine oil')`
Super-classes	Refining^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Ore^c produced^op some SubstanceType^c

Refinishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refinishing`
Description	''Refinishing''is a ''FinishingAnArtifactSurface'' on an Object whose surface had already been finshed in a prior ''FinishingAnArtifactSurface'' action.r NOTE: this includes but is broader than CYC 'Refinishing', including actions that may smoothen or roughen or otherwise change the surface appearance without applying a ''FinishingSubstance''. CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Refinishing event, some type of coating or finish is removed from the surface of an object in order to replace it with a new coating (of possibly a different type). Thus, a #$Refinishing will have some sub-events in which the old finish is removed and some later sub-events in which the new finish is added. The #$objectOfStateChange in a #$Refinishing may be a car, a doorframe, one of your fingernails, etc., but in general must be in a #$Solid-StateOfMatter. Note that an event such as stripping the wood away from a doorframe, though prepatory to refinishing that doorframe, is not in and of itself an element of #$Refinishing; it is just one of the #$subEvents of a #$Refinishing event. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refinish' in WordNet: 1. refinish - (give a new surface; 'refinish the dining room furniture')
Super-classes	FinishingAnArtifactSurface^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SolidObject^c

Reflectance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reflectance`
Description	$Reflectance is a collection of collections. Each instance is a collection of things with a particular degree of reflectance. COSMO note: The type of radiation reflected will depend on the context: for visible light, a mirror is the prototype of something with high reflectance; some polished metals will also have that property. For radar, some objects will have high reflectance, but a stealth bomber will have low reflectance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reflectance' in WordNet: 1. (1) coefficient of reflection, reflection factor, reflectance, reflectivity - (the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface)
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	HighReflectance^c

Reflecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reflecting`
Description	A ''Reflecting'' is a type of ''ChangingaLightPath'' that is als a ''Rebounding'' Event (contrast with ''RefractingLight'') in which the 'Something Moving' that rebounds is an electromagnetic wave, usually light in the visible spectrum or nearby wavelengths, but also radio waves and other waves, such as sound ('echoing'). This is represented as an instance of ''CapabilityType'' which implies that the entire Event of ''Reflecting'' is something that can be caused by the ''ReflectiveObject''. Since most PhysicalObjects have some ability to refect light, the notion of something having a capability of ''Reflecting'' must be interpreted as meaning that it does not absorb most of the impinging light, perhaps no more than 70% (?? to be determined by usage) A ''Reflecting'' produces a ''View'' emanating from the surface of the reflecting object. @ToDo: represent 'reflectivity'? 8. reflection, reflexion, reflectivity - (the ability to reflect beams or rays) Includes parts of verb senses 2 and 4 of 'reflect' and noun sense 2 of 'reflection' (specifying light) in WordNet: 2. (18) reflect, reverberate - (to throw or bend back or reflect (from a surface); 'A mirror in the sun can reflect light into a person's eyes'; 'Sound is reflected well in this auditorium') 4. (7) reflect, shine - (be bright by reflecting or casting light; 'Drive carefully - the wet road reflects') WN noun 'reflection': 2. (7) reflection, reflexion - (the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface)
Super-classes	ChangingaLightPath^c Repelling^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value LightPropagationEvent^c isaCapabilityOf^op value ReflectiveObject^c produces^op value View^c
Sub-classes	ReflectingLight^c ShiningByReflection^c Echoing^c ReflectingaRadioWave^c

ReflectingLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReflectingLight`
Description	''ReflectingLight'' is the Action performed by any Object that can cause a ''LightBeam'' to reflect and propagate back, the direction of back propagation depending on the agle of the incoming light with respect to the reflecting surface. `NOTE: Solid PhysicalObjects other than those that are completely transparent will typically 'reflect' some of the incident light, and absorb the remainder. This action characterizes the reflecting effect, and is usually used when more thanhalf of the incident light is reflected back.`
Super-classes	Reflecting^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value LightBeam^c hadThingAffected^op value LightBeam^c

ReflectingTelescope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReflectingTelescope`
Description	A ''ReflectingTelescope'' is a ''Telescope'' that uses a curved ''"Mirror'' (a type of ''Reflector'') to focus incoming light into an image of far-away objects. It usually also uses refracting lenses at the final stage of forming the desired image. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reflecting telescope' in WordNet: 1. reflecting telescope, reflector - (optical telescope consisting of a large concave mirror that produces an image that is magnified by the eyepiece; 'Isaac Newton invented the reflecting telescope in 1668')`
Super-classes	Device^c Telescope^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Mirror^c

ReflectingaRadioWave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReflectingaRadioWave`
Description	''ReflectingaRadioWave'' can be caused by buildings, for examples in a city (e.g. NewYork) where broadcast signals or other radio waves are reflected, possibly multiple times. This phenomenon is useful in 'RadarBasedDetection'.
Super-classes	ChangingaRadioWavePath^c Reflecting^c

Reflection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reflection`
Description	Each ''Reflection''' is a ''View'' (a LightPropagationEvent) that is produced by a ''ReflectiveObject'' and is sufficiently clear and detailed (not diffused) so as to be able to identify the objects reflected, as in a mirror, or as in a ''ProjectedImage'' projected onto some surface from an optical device. Diffuse reflected light, as from a painted surface, is not specifically represented as of rev1247 In RHW sense 2 of 'image' includes this type: an optical counterpart or appearance of an object, as is produced by reflection from a mirror, refraction by a lens, or the passage of luminous rays through a small aperture and their reception on a surface. but WN has no correspondingly precise sense - only physical objects representing such images, though part of sense 2 of 'image' might include this sense. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'reflection' and (possibly) part of sense 2 of image' in WordNet: 4. (3) reflection, reflexion - (the image of something as reflected by a mirror (or other reflective material); 'he studied his reflection in the mirror') WN noun 'image': 2. (10) picture, image, icon, ikon - (a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; 'they showed us the pictures of their wedding'; 'a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them')
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Reflecting^c
Sub-classes	ProjectedImage^c

Reflective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reflective`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for reflecting light) adjective sense 2 of 'reflective' in Wordnet: 2. reflective - (capable of physically reflecting light or sound; 'a reflective surface')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ReflectiveObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReflectiveObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject with high reflectance, like a mirror, such that it can produce a ''Reflection'' that is close in quality to the Scene reflected.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Reflection^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HighReflectance^c hasCapability^op value Reflecting^c
Sub-classes	Reflector^c

Reflector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reflector`
Description	This ''Reflector'' is the general type for any ''Device'' that is used to reflect light for any purpose. A ''reflector'' in this sense of a Device will typically reflect more than 90% of the incident light. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reflector' in WordNet: 1. (6) reflector - (device that reflects radiation)`
Super-classes	Device^c ReflectiveObject^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value Reflecting^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ReflectingLight^c
Sub-classes	Mirror^c

ReflexiveAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReflexiveAction`
Description	A ''ReflexiveAction'' is an Action in which the 'Agent' (subject) of the ''Action'' is the sane as the direct object ('patient'). This type includes uses of the ontology elements (concepts) and of the words (usually verbs) that label such concepts. In English, a 'reflexive verb' may be followed by 'himself' herself', 'itself' or 'themselves' which makes it explicit that the agent and patient are the same. But some verbs and their uses are intrinsically reflexive, not needing the '-self' addendum to represent the intended meaning.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Self^c hasDirectObject^op value Self^c

Reformed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reformed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'reformed' in Wordnet: 2. reformed - (caused to abandon an evil manner of living and follow a good one; 'a reformed drunkard')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Reformer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reformer`
Description	A ''Reformer'' is a 'Supporter'' of a cause that the ''Reformer'' beleves would be a'reform' - an ''ImprovementEvent''. `WN syn 'meliorist'? RHW 'meliorism': the doctrine that the world tends to become better or may be made better by human effort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reformer' in WordNet: 1. reformer, reformist, crusader, social reformer, meliorist - (a disputant who advocates reform)`
Super-classes	Supporter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupportingReform^c
Sub-classes	Environmentalist^c Hippie^c

Reforming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reforming

Description

An Event in which a social system or process or law is improved by correcting perceived deficiencies.

    Includes noun senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 1 of 'reform' in WordNet:
       1. (1) reform - (make changes for improvement in order
         to remove abuse and injustices; 'reform a political system')
       2. reform, reclaim, regenerate, rectify - (bring, lead, 
         or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct,
         and adopt a right one; 'The Church reformed me'; 'reform your conduct')
    WN nooun 'reform':
     1. (3) reform - (a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses;
       'justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts')

Super-classes PurposefulAction^c
ImprovementEvent^c
Correcting^c
WorkingEvent^c

Reformist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reformist

Description

''Reformist'' is a form of ''Progressive'' applying to people who try to promote 'reform' with the view of that being 'progress' (in some context)..

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reformist' in WordNet:
           1. progressive, reformist, reform-minded - (favoring or promoting reform 
              (often by government action))

Super-classes Progressive^c

RefractingLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefractingLight`
Description	''RefractingLight'' is a ''ChangingaLightPath'' in which a LightBeam passes through a transparent Object, and when passing through the surface between one trnsparent medimand another, it changes its direction, depending on the refractive index of the substances from which and into which it changes,and also depending on the wavelength of the light. Due to different indexes for different wavelengths, if the beam passes through the transparent medium and exits into another translarent medium, the different wavelengths will exit indifferent places with sifferent directions, and whenprijectedonto a surface will appear as a 'rainbow' effect. An actua ''Rainbow'' in the sky is caused by such refraction through water droplets that may still be present after a rainstorm. @mod53 Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'refraction' (for light only) in WordNet: 1. refraction - (the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another)
Super-classes	ChangingaLightPath^c Phenomenon^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some LightPath^c

RefractingTelescope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefractingTelescope`
Description	A ''RefractingTelescope'' is a ''Telescope'' that uses lenses and no mirrors for the magnification function. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refracting telescope' in WordNet: 1. refracting telescope - (optical telescope that has a large convex lens that produces an image that is viewed through the eyepiece)`
Super-classes	Telescope^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value Mirror^c hasDesignFunction^op value Magnifying^c
Sub-classes	Spyglass^c

Refraining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refraining`
Description	A 'Refraining' is an Absence of some Action that had been occurring or could be occurring, if not for a deliberate decision not to take that Action. This is an Action that requires an Animal to perform, though not necessarily human. NOTE that 'Refraining' is an Action in itself, even though the Action referred to is not inprogress. This is because the Refraining is a deliberate Action, and continues as long as the potential for performing the action refrained from is still present. If there is no possibility of performing an action, it cannot be refrained from. @ToDo: NOTE: the halting of an Action may also be called a 'desistance', but that sense of 'desist' is not yet (r885) represented. If needed, some sense that combines stopping and staying stopped may have to be created. RHW 'desist': to cease, as from some action or proceeding; stop. See also relation ''refrainedFrom'' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'refrain' in WordNet, and includes verb sense 1 as a subtype. NOTE that 'desist' in WN has a specialized meaning, but it is interpreted as more general in COSMO: in WordNet: 1. (1) refrain, forbear - (resist doing something; He refrained from hitting him back; she could not forbear weeping) 2. abstain, refrain, desist - (choose not to consume; I abstain from alcohol)
Super-classes	Absence^c IntentionalMentalEvent^c PurposefulInaction^c AnimateActivity^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op some AnimateActivity^c
Sub-classes	Boycotting^c Ignoring^c AvoidingWork^c Eschewing^c AbstainingFromAlcohol^c Forbearance^c Waiting^c SparingFromHarm^c Strike^c Disobedience^c

ReframingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReframingSomething`
Description	''ReframingSomething' is a ''FramingaPicture'' in which the object reframed (document or picture) had previously been in a different ''PictureFrame'', or in the same ''PictureFrame'' before alterations were made to it.
Super-classes	FramingaPicture^c RedoingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some FramingaPicture^c

Refreshing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refreshing

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'refreshing' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) bracing, brisk, energizing, energising, fresh, refreshing, refreshful, tonic -
            (imparting vitality and energy; 'the bracing mountain air')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RefreshingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefreshingEvent`
Description	A ''RefreshingEvent' is a '''Restoring'' Event that restores a Person's energy or stamina or ability to act, or reduces weariness.. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'refresh' in WordNet: 2. refresh, freshen - (make (to feel) fresh; 'The cool water refreshed us')`
Super-classes	RestoringEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value BecomingTired^c

Refreshment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refreshment`
Description	Light snack of Food Objects and/or ''Drink''s not intended as a full meal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refreshment' in WordNet: 1. refreshment - (snacks and drinks served as a light meal)`
Super-classes	FoodObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some (Drink^c or SnackFood^c or FoodOrDrink^c or FoodType^c)

Refrigerant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refrigerant

Description

Any substance that is used as part of a system that cools by mechanical process (rather than just heat transfer, as ice, or magnetic cooling). Often the refrigerant converts from liquid to gas phase, but substances that go from compressed gas to lower pressure (such as carbon dioxide) are also used as refrigerants. Freons are becoming less commonly used due to their environmental effects.

   A ''Refrigerant'' is a substance that can assume both liquid and gaseous
       forms at temperatures close to room temperature depending on the pressure,
       and can be used in a ''Refrigerator'' to convey heat from within a closed
       box to the outside, by being compressed (thereby heated) and cooled in coils 
       outside the box, then being decompressed (and cooled) in coils inside the box.
       This is therefore neither properly characterized as 'liquid' (at room temperature)
       or 'gas', as it can be either depending on the pressure in the part of the device.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refrigerant' in WordNet:
         1. refrigerant - (a substance used to provide cooling (as in a refrigerator))

Super-classes FluidSubstance^c
SubstanceRole^c

Refrigerated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refrigerated

Description

''Refrigerated'' can be an attribute of any kind of ''PhysicalSubstance'' or''PhysicalObject'' that has been cooled in a ''RefrigeratedStorageDevice'', including an ''Icebox'' or a bath of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'refrigerated' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) refrigerated - (made or kept cold by refrigeration; 
             'keep the milk refrigerated'; 'a refrigerated truck')

Super-classes Cold^c
PastParticiple^c

RefrigeratedStorageDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RefrigeratedStorageDevice`
Description	CYC: The collection of electrical devices whose purpose is to maintain something at a lower temperature than the surroundings through refrigeration (usually through the compression/decompression of a gas)
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c CoolingDevice^c DurableGood^c
Sub-classes	Freezer^c Icebox^c Refrigerator-Freezer^c

Refrigerating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refrigerating`
Description	''Refrigerating'' is most commonly used for preserving perishable substances such as food or drugs, but it is also used in certain types of experimental procedures, including immersion in liquid ''Nitrogen'' or liquid ''Helium'' to investigate physical phenomena at very low temperatures. `Corresponds to veb sense 2 of 'refrigerate' in WordNet: 2. refrigerate - (cool or chill in or as if in a refrigerator; 'refrigerate this medicine') WN noun 'refrigeration': 1. (2) refrigeration, infrigidation - (the process of cooling or freezing (e.g., food) for preservative purposes)`
Super-classes	Chilling^c CoolingProcess^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Cold^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Refrigerated^c

Refrigerator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refrigerator`
Description	A Electric powered ''Icebox''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electric refrigerator' in WordNet: 1. electric refrigerator, fridge - (a refrigerator in which the coolant is pumped around by an electric motor)`
Super-classes	Icebox^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Motor^c usesSubstance^op value Refrigerant^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Pump^c containsSubstance^op value Refrigerant^c

Refrigerator-Freezer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refrigerator-Freezer`
Description
Super-classes	ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c ManufacturedGoods^c RefrigeratedStorageDevice^c

Refueling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refueling

Description

''Refueling'' is a subtype of ''Fueling'' in which some IntelligentAgent puts some quantity of ''Fuel'' into a refuelable ''FuelPoweredDevice'', after the first''Fueling'' of that Device.

       Includes both transitive and intransitive verb senses 1 and 2 of 'refuel';
         these can be distingsuished, with the ''FuelPoweredDevice'' as 
         agent (subject) in sense 2; 
         However, distinguishing these might only make logical sense if there are objects that
            can automatically refuel themselves.(?)
            in WordNet:
         1. (2) refuel - (provide with additional fuel, as of aircraft, ships, and cars)
         2. (1) refuel - (take on more fuel, as of a plane, ship, or car)

Super-classes Fueling^c

Refuge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refuge`
Description	A ''Refuge''is any Place that is safe, to where an Animal can flee for safety, or can live and survive. `Subtype: See ''WildlifeRefuge'' for animals? For a 'Natral' location (not an artifact) where an animal can get some protection use ''NaturalShelter''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refuge' in WordNet: 1. safety, refuge - (a safe place; 'He ran to safety') 3. refuge, sanctuary, asylum - (a shelter from danger or hardship)`
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Protective^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Safe^c
Sub-classes	WildlifeRefuge^c Sanctuary^c

Refugee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refugee`
Description	A ''Refugee'' is a ''Migrant'' migrated from one place because of some ~~~ WN classifies a 'refugee' as an 'exile' - which does not cover the typical cse, as its gloss says 'voluntarily absent'; but being forced out by conditions is not quite voluntary. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refugee' in WordNet: 1. (5) refugee - (an exile who flees for safety)`
Super-classes	Migrant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Fleeing^c performsAction^op some ChangeOfResidence^c

Refund^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refund`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refund' in WordNet: 1. (7) refund - (money returned to a payer)`
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some Refunding^c
Sub-classes	Rebate^c

Refunding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refunding`
Description	CYC: This collection includes events where money is returned to an individual. The amount refunded is generally the same as or less than the amount the individual originally paid. `Includes money paid back for a product returned to the seller, or a repayment of a deposit or up-frontpayent for something not received, or any return of money previously given in some form. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refund' in WordNet: 1. (1) refund, return, repay, give back - (pay back; 'Please refund me my money')`
Super-classes	PayingWithMoney^c GivingBack^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Refund^c

Refusing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Refusing`
Description	Each 'Refusing' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s) does not agree to perform some action requested or proposed or suggested, or something offered by another agent. The action requested may be to give an answer (thus being a refusal to answer), or to do some physical action (thus being a refusal to perform some physical action); or a refusal to allow the requesting agent to perform some action (thus a refusal to give permission). This type also includes the subtype 'RejectingAnOffer', but that has sufficiently different implications so that the words used to reject or decline an offer are not here as synonyms of 'refusal'. Each act of 'Refusing' implies some prior communication from another agent that is an instance of 'RequestingOrProposing'. A request may be for someone to do something, or to give information; also included in this broad category are acts where an agent declines an offer, for example an offer of help, or This corresponds to verb senses 1, 4, and 6 of 'refuse' and noun sense 1 of 'refusal' in WordNet: 1. (47) refuse, decline - (show unwillingness towards; 'he declined to join the group on a hike') 4. (2) deny, refuse - (refuse to let have; 'She denies me every pleasure'; 'he denies her her weekly allowance') 6. reject, turn down, turn away, refuse - (refuse entrance or membership; 'They turned away hundreds of fans'; 'Black people were often rejected by country clubs') WN noun 'refusal': 1. (4) refusal - (the act of refusing) WN noun 'denial': 1. (4) denial - (the act of refusing to comply (as with a request); 'it resulted in a complete denial of his privileges')
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c Rejecting^c Answering^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some RequestingOrProposing^c
Sub-classes	DecliningAnOffer^c SpurningAnOffer^c Rebuffing^c Disobeying^c RepudiatingaDebt^c

Regaining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regaining`
Description	''Regaining'' includes any Event, whether natural or an intentional action, that reverses the effect of some form of loss. This includes financial loss or loss of property, regaoning respect or friendship, or of any valuable PhysicalObject; regaining functionality should be represented as ''Recovering''. `For 'gaining back' some functionality that had worsened use ''Recovering''. A partial recovery of a loss or worsening is still a ''Regaining'', and in that case it 'reversesTheEffectOf' whatever part of the loss that is reversed. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'regain' in WordNet: 1. (9) recover, retrieve, find, regain - (get or find back; recover the use of; 'She regained control of herself'; 'She found her voice and replied quickly')`
Super-classes	Action^c Receiving^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value LosingSomething^c typicallyFollows^op value LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Recovering^c Recouping^c

Regal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regal

Description

Befitting a King: 'regal splendor'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'regal' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) imperial, majestic, purple, regal, royal - (belonging to or befitting 
                a supreme ruler; 'golden age of imperial splendor'; 'purple tyrant'; 
                'regal attire'; 'treated with royal acclaim'; 'the royal carriage of a stag's head')

Super-classes Noble^c
Salient^c
Stately^c

Regenerating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regenerating`
Description	''Regenerating'' is a ''ReCreating'' and a ''Restoring'' that recreates lost functionality of Organism tissue by in part recreating some part (physical or abstract) of the thing (used mostly for tissue in an Organism) that had some useful functionality, and that was lost in a ''WorseningEvent'' or a ''LosingSomething''. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'regenerate' in WordNet: 5. regenerate - (replace (tissue or a body part) through the formation of new tissue. 'The snake regenerated its tail') WN noun 'regeneration': 1. regeneration - ((biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs)`
Super-classes	ReCreating^c RestoringEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value LosingSomething^c

Regiment-MilitaryEchelon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regiment-MilitaryEchelon

Description

Military units that are special-purpose subunits of units with #$Division-UnitDesignation are called 'regiments'. #$Regiment-UnitDesignation represents this particular echelon-level. A regiment typically consists of two to five battalions, often organized to accomplish a specific kind of objective. See also #$Brigade-UnitDesignation.

        RHW: Mil. a unit of ground forces, consisting of 
            two or more battalions or battle groups, 
            a headquarters unit, and certain supporting units.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regiment' in WordNet:
           1. (145) regiment - (army unit smaller than a division)

Super-classes ModernMilitaryOrganization^c
ArmyUnit^c

Region^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Region`
Description	A connected part of any space, physical or abstract. A Region does not have to be empty, but can be occupied by solid objects. For an empty region of space see 'FreeSpaceRegion'.This type differs from Place in that it cannot be a PhysicalObject, it is a Region of pure space, which may or may not have PhysicalObjects located in it. NOTE that Region is disjoint with PhysicalObject, but not disjoint with Object (which can be abstract). A Feature is classified as an Object though it may also be a Region. In Cyc called 'SpaceRegion' CYC: A specialization of both #$SpatialThing and #$IntangibleIndividual (qq.v.) whose instances are regions of space that exclusively act as possible locations for other spatial objects, and thus are immobile. A space region might be three-, two-, one-, or zero-dimensional; and spatial objects occupy such regions accordingly. Three-dimensional space regions (see #$ChunkOfSpace) can be occupied by solid objects. Two-dimensional space regions (or #$SpaceSurfaces) can be occupied by a purely two-dimensional objects. And similarly for one-dimensional space regions (#$SpaceLines) and zero-dimensional space regions (#$SpacePoints). Another important specialization of #$SpaceRegion is #$SpaceRegion-Empirical, whose instances are pieces of the embedding space for spatio-temporal objects (see #$SpatialThing-Localized). For more on spatial location and occupancy, see #$AbsoluteLocationalPredicate and its instances. BFO (SpatialRegion): Definition: A continuant at or in which other continuants can be located. BFO: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities. *COSMO note: in BFO, a SpatialRegion is the union of: Line, Point, Surface, and Volume. This is close to the present concept of 'Region', but those terms in COSMO are more abstract, and are not restricted to PhysicalSpace. Perhaps the BFO link should be to ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''?? . BFO: 'SpatialRegion': includes the next four comments: Comment: All instances of continuant [snap:Continuant] are spatial entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatial) location with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatial location of a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is this region itself. BFO:Comment: An instance of spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is a part of space. All parts of space are spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities and only spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are parts of space. Space is the entire extent of the spatial universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] BFO: Comment: Space and spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of space is sometimes called \"absolutist\" or \"the container view\". In BFO, the class site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space, that is to say, a view according to which spatiality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to space. The bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that while instances of site [snap:Site] are not spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities, they are nevertheless spatial entities. BFO: Examples: the sum total of all space in the universe, parts of the sum total of all space in the universe Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'area' in WordNet, and the closest sense of WordNet'region' is sense 1: In WordNet: WN 'region': 1. (67) region, part - (the extended spatial location of something; 'the farming regions of France'; 'religions in all parts of the world'; 'regions of outer space') WN 'area': 1. (620) area, country - (a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); 'it was a mountainous area'; 'Bible country')
Super-classes	SpatialThing^c RegionOrObject^c Place^c IntangibleIndividual^c
Sub-classes	Boundary^c SpaceSurface^c Margin^c SpaceTime^c Space^c SpatialRegion^c ErrorEllipse^c Dimension^c Line^c SpatiotemporalRegion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WesternUnitedStatesRegion http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheWildWest http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EastAfrica

RegionLimitation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegionLimitation

Description

A 'RegionLimitation' is a form of negative Capability, i.e. it is an inability (or restraint due to prohibition) from either exiting some Region or entering some Region. 1. The Rule or Condition that restrains the agent from doing something. A Restraint is an externally imposed Limitation, such as a rule as a law, parental rule, law of nature, or even a moral inhibition. 2. The type of restraint: legal, physical, moral, social 3. The Action which one is restrained from performing.

    Includes part of noun sense 3 of 'restraint' in WordNet:
      WN restraint:
       3. constraint, restraint - (the state of being physically constrained;
          'dogs should be kept under restraint')

Super-classes Limitation^c

RegionOrObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegionOrObject`
Description	Each element of 'RegionOrObject' is either a Region or a PhysicalObject. The common type is GenericLocation. This is used to represent 'RegionPair', each element of which can be one or the other type. `This is a necessary tactic because OWL does not like unions as values of relations. See 'RegionPair' for usage.`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalObject^c Region^c

RegionPair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegionPair`
Description	A 'RegionPair' is any Pair of Regions or PhysicalObjects that one may want to relate to other entities, or to each other.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only RegionOrObject^c
Sub-classes	ShoreAndWater^c GeographicalRegionPair^c

RegionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegionType`
Description	RegionType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for regions, and an argument restriction for various relations on Region types. `CYC also uses a metaclass class called 'RegionType', with broad usage: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$RegionType is a subcollection of #$SpatialThing-Localized each of whose instances is an identifiable subregion of some object, but not itself an independent object. Instances of #$RegionType include #$PalmOfHand, #$Doorway, #$Wall-GenericBarrier, #$WorkSurface, and #$Handle. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	BuildingWindow FrontSide Desert AdministrativeDistrictRegion ParishDistrict Wetlands GeographicalRegionPair ColonyRegion FingerTip MilitarySector Swamp PageMargin Gateway NaturePreserve Wilderness RegionPair WindowPortal Bridgehead ArchDiocese EcclesiasticalDistrict CombatZone Junction ShoreAndWater Jungle Corner-3d Margin Forefront Bog Wasteland Forest Corner-2or3d BranchingJunction HabitatRegion Facade RailroadJunction Corner-2d BackSide WildlifeRefuge Diocese LandZone Frontier HabitatArea CountyRegion Countryside

Regional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regional`
Description	''Regional'' is the attribute of something that pertains to a Region, especially a large ''Region'' with some distinctive customs or practices. Contrasts with 'local' - but the size differences are vague. For a city or township, use ''Local'' - for a state or larger use ''Regional'' (unless ''International'') a County is a borderline case. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'regional' in WordNet: 1. (14) regional - (characteristic of a region; 'regional flora') 2. (4) regional - (related or limited to a particular region; 'a regional dialect')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Iraqi^c Metropolitan^c

RegionalAnesthesia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegionalAnesthesia`
Description	''RegionalAnesthesia'' is an ''Anesthesia'' that causes a loss of sensation in some part of the body larger than a small region that is numbed by a 'local anaesthetic', but does not cause loss of consciousness. NOTE that this is the state, not the administration of anaesthetic that causes the state. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regional anaesthesia' in WordNet: 1. regional anesthesia, regional anaesthesia - (loss of sensation in a region of the body produced by application of an anesthetic agent to all the nerves supplying that region (as when an epidural anesthetic is administered to the pelvic region during childbirth))`
Super-classes	Anesthesia^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Anesthetic^c

RegionalGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegionalGovernment`
Description	A Cyc concept that has been merged with 'GeopoliticalEntity'. `Cyc: A specialization of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization. Each instance of #$RegionalGovernment is a government organization that controls a particular geopolitical region (e.g. a country, state, city, or county). Governmental organizations focused on a single type of control, e.g., a border patrol, are not instances of this collection. Specializations of #$RegionalGovernment include #$CountyGovernment and #$GovernmentOfCountry.`
Super-classes	Synonym^c
Sub-classes	USStateGovernment^c

Register^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Register`
Description	A ''Register'' is a 'DocumentaryRecord'' representing a List of facts that can be used as evidence for business or personal or official purposes. `Examples of a ''Register'' in which the names of people with some specific attributes (such as eligibility to vote) are listed, or a list of objects present in some location, or a list of real esate parcels with their evaluations for tax purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'register' in WordNet: 1. (2) register, registry - (an official written record of names or events or transactions)`
Super-classes	DocumentaryRecord^c Register^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value List^c
Sub-classes	AccountingRecord^c Checkbook^c Register^c Payroll^c

Registered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Registered

Description

       Includes all three adjective senses 1 2,and 3  of 'registered' in Wordnet:
         1. registered - ((of animals) officially recorded with or certified by a
             recognized breed association; especially in a stud book; 'a registered Percheron')
     2. registered - (listed or recorded officially; 'record is made of 'registered mail' 
        at each point on its route to assure safe delivery'; 'registered bonds')
         3. registered - ((of a boat or vessel) furnished with necessary official documents 
             specifying ownership etc)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Registering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Registering`
Description	This broad snse of ''Registering'' includes any Action performed by a Person to either (1) add a name (which could be his/her own name) to a list to be used for some purposes of some Organization.(see subtype ''Enrolling''); or (2) adding in a record of some Event,such as transactions in a financial register; or adding the name of some entity (e.g. a Word as a Tradmark) on an official 'registry' maintained by some Organization. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'register' in WordNet: 1. (7) register - (record in writing; enter into a book of names or events or transactions)`
Super-classes	DocumentCreation^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Register^c
Sub-classes	RegisteringaVehicle^c Enrolling^c RegisteringaTrademark^c

RegisteringToVote^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegisteringToVote`
Description	Each ''RegisteringToVote'' is an ''Registering'' Action performed by a Person of voting age (varies place to place) so as to be eligible to vote in some kind of election(s) regulated by law. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'register' and part (for voting) of noun sense 1 of 'registration' in WordNet: 3. (4) register - (enroll to vote; 'register for an election') WN noun 'registration' 1. (7) registration, enrollment, enrolment - (the act of enrolling)`
Super-classes	Enrolling^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Voter^c

RegisteringaTrademark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegisteringaTrademark`
Description	Each ''RegisteringaTrademark' is a ''Registering'' Action in which a Person successfully applies to a government agency (The Patent and Tradmark Office in the USA) to get a ''Trademark' registered as legally official. `No verb sense of 'Trademark' in WN. RHW verb 'trademark': 4. to register the trademark of.`
Super-classes	Registering^c
Restrictions	createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op value TrademarkRight^c

RegisteringaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegisteringaVehicle`
Description	Each ''RegisteringaVehicle' is a ''Registering'' Action in which a Person registers some motor vehicle that s/he owns to a government list in order to have permission to drive it on a public roadway.
Super-classes	Registering^c

Regression^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regression

Description

A ''Regression'' is a ''ChangeOfState'' from one state to a former state.

       Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'regression' in WordNet:
         4. regression, regress, reversion, retrogression, retroversion - (returning to a former state)

Super-classes ChangeOfState^c

Regret^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regret`
Description	'Regret' is a mild 'Sorrow' directed at some disappointment, whether due to someone else's actions or to an undesired outcome of one's own actions, or due to some action that one later decides was undesirable, especially one having harmed other people. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'regret' and sense 2 of 'sorrow' in WordNet: 1. (5) sorrow, regret, rue, ruefulness - - (sadness associated with some wrong done or some disappointment; 'he drank to drown his sorrows'; 'he wrote a note expressing his regret'; 'to his rue, the error cost him the game')`
Super-classes	Sadness^c
Sub-classes	Lamenting^c Remorse^c

Regrettable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regrettable

Description

The attribute of an ''Event'' (or FunctionalProcess) that may not have occured, that has caused harm to some ''IntentionalAgent'' or whose outcome might otherwise have been beneficial to that agent. This also describes an action of the intentional agent that caused her/him harm.

      If the harmful outcome was caused by bad luck, that can be described by
      ''Unfortunate'' as well as ''Regrettable''.

     This is an AttributeValue of Events, not of 'IntentionalAgent's.
        An Event that was unlucky for a person or agent, can 
          be the subject of the relation ''wasUnluckyFor'', pointing to the 
          agent as Object.

        Corresponds to part of adjective sense 3 of 'unfortunate' applies only to 
           Events, not to Agents:
        in WordNet:
          1. regrettable, too bad - (deserving regret; 'regrettable remarks'; 
             'it's regrettable that she didn't go to college'; 'it's too bad 
             he had no feeling himself for church')
          WN 'unfortunate':
            3. unfortunate - (unsuitable or regrettable; 
             'an unfortunate choice of words'; 'an unfortunate speech')

Super-classes EventAttributeValue^c
Bad^c

Regrouping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regrouping`
Description	A ''Reorganizing'' is an ''OrganizingaGroup'' in whih the Grooup was previously organized, and is retructured in some different way. This is more than just changing one Person in the group. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reorganize' in Wordnet: 2. (1) reorganize, reorganise, regroup - (organize anew, as after a setback)`
Super-classes	OrganizingaGroup^c RedoingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value OrganizingaGroup^c

RegrowingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegrowingSomething`
Description	''RegrowingSomething'' is an Action in which some *subject Object (usually an Organism) 'grows' (develops) some attribute or Object that it previously had and lost in some manner. e.g. plant parts regrowing after being cut off, a newt regrowing a limb, a silver plate object regrowing a layer of tarnish after being polished. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'regrow' in WordNet: 1. regrow - (grow anew or continue growth after an injury or interruption; 'parts of the trunk of this tree can regrow'; 'some invertebrates can regrow limbs or their tail after they lost it due to an injury')`
Super-classes	GrowingSomething^c RedoingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value GrowingSomething^c

Regular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regular`
Description	'Regular' is a FrequencyAttributeValue indicating that some Event usually occurs some relatively fixed number of times (often once) within each sequential interval of time. The absolute frequency does not have to be high for an Event to be 'regular': 'They decided on regular presidential elections at six-year intervals', but between repretitions of a 'Regular' Event there should be a relatively constant interval of time, perhaps not varying by more than a factor of two between occurrences of the Regular Event. 'He had a regular physical check-up every year.' 'Our regular group meeting occurred on Monday each week'. The sense of being regularly scheduled is a disinguishable subsense represented by 'RegularlyScheduled'. `Includes adjective senses 5 and 7 of 'regular' in WordNet: 5. (2) regular - (regularly scheduled for fixed times; 'at a regular meeting of the PTA'; 'regular bus departures') 7. (1) even, regular - (occurring at fixed intervals; 'a regular beat'; 'the even rhythm of his breathing')`
Super-classes	FrequencyAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	RegularlyScheduled^c

Regular-Season^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regular-Season

Description

''Regular-Season'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''RegularPlayingSeason'' during which the ''GameEvent''s scheduled for the teams of some ''SportsLeague''' are played, not including any 'post-season' games that may occur to determine championship of that league, or 'off-season' games played outside of the normal competitions within the league..

       NO adj sense of 'regular-season' in WN.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RegularFare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegularFare`
Description	''RegularFare'' is the ''FoodObject'' (which can be mixed types of Food) eaten regularly or typically by some Person or GroupOfPeople or Person Type. 'Airline fare is not haute cuisine but at least it's better than prison fare'. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'fare' in WordNet: 4. fare - (the food and drink that are regularly consumed)`
Super-classes	FoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some FoodObject^c
Sub-classes	Ration^c

RegularMedicalExam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegularMedicalExam`
Description	A ''RegularMedicalExam'' is a 'MedicalExamination' that occcurs for the purpose of preventive medicine in the absence of a new symptom, in contrast to a ''MedicalExamination'' that occurs because of a specific symptom or concern by the patient, or as a monitoring event for patients that are undergoing or have undergone treatment. This usually occurs annually ('annual checkup'), but the interval can be quite variable or one-off for any reason.
Super-classes	MedicalExamination^c RoutineAction^c

RegularPlayingSeason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegularPlayingSeason`
Description	A ''RegularPlayingSeason'' is a ''Season''during which ''SportsTeam''s compete in some league to determine the final (usually two) candidates for the championship of that league. The games to determine the championship (the ''Playoff'') are played during the ''PostSeason''.
Super-classes	Season^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op some Tournament^c

RegularPolygon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegularPolygon`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType. This is the collection of all polygons that are both #$EquiangularPolygons and #$EquilateralPolygons (qq.v.). One specialization of this collection is #$Square, the collection of four-sided regular polygons. See also #$RegularPolygonTypeFn
Super-classes	EquiangularPolygon^c EquilateralPolygon^c
Sub-classes	Square^c

Regularity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regularity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'regularity' in WordNet: 2. (1) regularity - (the quality of being characterized by a fixed principle or rate; "he was famous for the regularity of his habits")`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value OccurringAtaFixedTime^c

Regularly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regularly

Description

''Regularly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that action is performed repeatedly over more or ess reguar (having intervas of similar duration) time intervals.

           Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'regularly' in WordNet:
             1. (6) regularly, on a regular basis - (in a regular manner; 
               'letters arrived regularly from his children')

Super-classes Repeatedly^c

RegularlyRepeatedEventType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegularlyRepeatedEventType`
Description	A specialization of #$RepeatedEventType (q.v.). Each instance of #$RegularlyRepeatedEventType is a collection of events whose instances typically occur along with other instances of the same event-type at more or less regular intervals. These regular occurrences might be the result of natural phenomena (e.g. the sunrise), human convention (e.g. the execution of a dance step within a given dancing event), or a combination of both (e.g. the annual celebration of Oktoberfest). Other examples of #$RegularlyRepeatedEventType are #$OlympicGames, #$AcademicTerm, and #$TakingABreath. See also #$IterativeEvent and #$IterativeEventType.
Super-classes	RepeatedEventType^c
Members	DailyRoutine HouseholdRoutine CommutingToWork

RegularlyScheduled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegularlyScheduled`
Description	'RegularlyScheduled' is a FrequencyAttributeValue for Events that occur at fixed time intervals because they have been planned in advance to occur at those times; this is commonly used for meetings and other social events, but can also be used for Actions such as routine maintenance procedures. If this attribute is applied and the frequency is also known, the actual value of the 'Frequency' should be specified, using the 'hasFrequency' relation @ToDo: The use of specific time-interval adjectives specifying specific time intervals such as 'daily', 'monthly' 'biannual' might be thought of as subtypes of this type, but being quantitative are represented as instances of 'Frequency'. IT is possible to create subtypes of this type such as 'ScheduledDaily' that differ from the quantitative measure 'daily', but as of rev833 those subtypes have not been defined. The word 'usual'can refer to regularly scheduled activities, as in 'we held our usual group meeting in room 302 today' NOTE: 'Conventional' may be assigned to some activity to express the notion that it occurs at some fixed time of day, or day of the month; such an activity may also be 'RegularlyScheduled', and will then have both attributes: 'Conventional' and 'RegularlyScheduled'. The distinction is that some activity may be 'RegularlyScheduled' in the sense of occuring every week, but may not be held on the same day of every week or at the same time of day; conversely, an activity may be typically held at a perticular time of day, but may not occur at fixed time intervals. More specific subtypes of 'Conventional' may be needed to express such nuances. Thus 'regular bedtime' and 'usual bedtime' and 'normal bedtime' all have the attribute 'Conventional'. For activities that occur at a particular time (of day, day of the week) and also recur at fixed time intervals, use 'OccurringAtaFixedTime'. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'regular' and part of sense 1 of 'usual' in WordNet: 5. (2) regular - (regularly scheduled for fixed times; 'at a regular meeting of the PTA'; 'regular bus departures') WN 'usual': 1. (29) usual - (occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; 'grew the usual vegetables'; 'the usual summer heat'; 'came at the usual time'; 'the child's usual bedtime')
Super-classes	Scheduled^c Regular^c
Sub-classes	OccurringAtaFixedTime^c

Regulated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regulated

Description

''Regulated'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are subject to some ''Regulation'' (a ''RuleForBehavior'').

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'regulated' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) regulated - (controlled or governed according to rule or principle or law; 
             'well regulated industries'; 'houses with regulated temperature')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

RegulatingBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegulatingBehavior`
Description	The Action of creating Rules, performed by some Governmental Authority Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'regulate' and noun senses 5 and 6 of 'regulation' in WordNet: 2. (5) regulate, regularize, regularise, order, govern - (bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations; 'We cannot regulate the way people dress'; 'This town likes to regulate') WN noun 'regulation': 5. regulation, regularization, regularisation - (the act of bringing to uniformity; making regular) 6. regulation, regulating - (the act of controlling or directing according to rule; 'fiscal regulations are in the hands of politicians')
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c ControllingAnAgent^c Requesting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCreated^op value Regulation^c isPerformedBy^op value GovernmentalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Legislating^c Standardizing^c PassingaLaw^c

RegulatingLightPassage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegulatingLightPassage`
Description	''RegulatingLightPassage'' is a ''RegulatingPassage'' in which the 'thing' regulated is ''Light'' and the regulating is performed by an ''Aperture'', such as in a camera or other photographic Device.. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'regulate' in WordNet: 1. (6) regulate, modulate - (fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; 'regulate the temperature'; 'modulate the pitch')`
Super-classes	RegulatingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value PassingThroughPortal^c isPerformedBy^op value Aperture^c

RegulatingPassage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegulatingPassage`
Description	''RegulatingPassage'' is a ''RegulatingSomething'' in which the 'something' is some form of ''PassingThroughPortal'' and the regulating is performed by an ''Aperture''.. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'regulate' in WordNet: 1. (6) regulate, modulate - (fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; 'regulate the temperature'; 'modulate the pitch')`
Super-classes	RegulatingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Aperture^c hadThingAffected^op value PassingThroughPortal^c

RegulatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegulatingSomething`
Description	''RegulatingSomething'' is a Event in which some PhysicalObject (organic or artifactual) causes the rate of some process to change or to maintain some value, in a manner that is determined by evolution or by some intelligent artifact designer, for some purpose. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'regulate' in WordNet: 1. (6) regulate, modulate - (fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; 'regulate the temperature'; 'modulate the pitch')`
Super-classes	AffectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Event^c or EventType^c or Rate^c or RateMeasure^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalObject^c or ObjectType^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or Feature^c) isPerformedBy^op some (Event^c or EventType^c or Rate^c or RateMeasure^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalObject^c or ObjectType^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or Feature^c)
Sub-classes	CalibratingaDevice^c RegulatingPassage^c RegulatingLightPassage^c RegulatingaValue^c CoordinatingaGroup^c

RegulatingaValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegulatingaValue`
Description	''RegulatingaValue'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which an adjustment is made to some kind of regulating device (e.g. thermostat) that then can automatically maintain the desired value set for the attribute regulated. NOTE that this type represents the actual 'setting'of the value, which is a type of change. Maintaining the value would be a different type, though it could result from the ''RegulatingaValue'' Action.. `The device itself performs a 'controlling' action on the value @ToDo: needs some 'regulating device' as part of the Action. NOTE also that ''RegulatingaValue can be performed by internal proesses of living things, such as regulating the body temperature. Includes parts of verb sense 1 of 'regulate' and of senses 5, 8, and 23 of'set' in WordNet: 1. (6) regulate, modulate - (fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; 'regulate the temperature'; 'modulate the pitch')`
Super-classes	RegulatingSomething^c Adjusting^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c hadObjectModified^op some DeviceType^c
Sub-classes	SettingaDeviceState^c

Regulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regulation`
Description	A ''Regulation'' is a ''RuleForBehavior'' created by a governmental agency empowered by a Law. but not by the legislature directly. `this is not for 'regulating' devices. Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'regulation' (agency regulations are not called 'ordinances') in WordNet: 1. (10) regulation, ordinance - (an authoritative rule)`
Super-classes	RuleForBehavior^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value GovernmentAgency^c hasAbstractRepresentation^op value RegulationText^c

RegulationText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegulationText`
Description	Each 'RegulationText' is the AbstractText representing some ''Regulation''. This represents the notion that every ''Regulation'' has to be written in some linguistic form, which is most commonly represented in COSMO as an ''AbstractText'' (rather than the physical text).
Super-classes	CommandPhrase^c TextualPCW^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some Regulation^c

RegulationTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegulationTime`
Description	''RegulationTime''is the ''TimeInterval'' dring which some timed GameEvent is played. If the game ends in a 'TieScore' at the end of its ''RegulationTime'', for certain games that do not permit games to end in a TieScore, a addition playing time called 'overtime' (here ''GameOvertime'') is added and further play continues to break the tie. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regulation time' in WordNet: 1. regulation time - ((sports) the normal prescribed duration of a game; 'the game was finished in regulation time')`
Super-classes	EventIndexedTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op some GameEvent^c

RegulatorDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RegulatorDevice`
Description	A ''RegulatorDevice'' may be machanical, electrical, or electronic, but in all cases has as its function the regulation (control) of some attribute value of some system. A common example is a thermostat, but in an automobile with automatic control there will also be devices to regulate speed. The dial on many sound-producing devices can regulate volume. A ''Flywheel'' is a simple example of a ''RegulatorDevice'' having the function of making the rotation of the drive component in a reciprocating engine move at a more regular rate. `Each ''RegulatorDevice'' must have some kind of ''SensorDevice'' that allows it to determine if the attribute regulated has the proper value, and if not, then to change that value by its regulating mechanism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regulator' in WordNet: 1. (1) regulator - (any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.)`
Super-classes	ControlDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value SensorDevice^c controls^op some (DeviceType^c or Device^c or AttributeValueType^c or AttributeValue^c)
Sub-classes	Thermostat^c Flywheel^c

Regulatory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Regulatory

Description

''Regulatory'' is the attribute pertaining to anything that performs a 'regulating' action such as ''RegulatingBehavior'', or to the rules that specify what is permitted.by a ''Regulation''

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'regulatory' in WordNet:
         1. (2) regulative, regulatory - (restricting according to 
            rules or principles; 'a regulatory gene')

Super-classes Controlling^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Rehabilitation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rehabilitation

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rehabilitation' in WordNet:
        4. rehabilitation - (the treatment of physical disabilities
           by massage and electrotherapy and exercises)
      WN verb 'rehabilitate':
         2. rehabilitate - (restore to a state of good condition or operation)

Super-classes TherapeuticProcess^c

Rehearsing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rehearsing`
Description	''Rehearsing'' is a special form of 'practicing' where the thing 'practised' is a public speech or an ''EntertainmentPerformance''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rehearse' in WordNet: 1. (5) rehearse, practise, practice - (engage in a rehearsal (of)) WN noun 'rehearsal': 1. (6) rehearsal, dry run - (a practice session in preparation for a public performance (as of a play or speech or concert); 'he missed too many rehearsals'; 'a rehearsal will be held the day before the wedding')`
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c HumanActivity^c LearningHowToDoSomething^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op some Performance^c

Reign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reign`
Description	Each ''Reign'' is a ''HistoricalPeriod'' during which some Person is the monarch of some country; this period still characterizes this time interval even in other countries. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reign' in WordNet: 2. reign - (the period during which a monarch is sovereign; 'during the reign of Henry VIII')`
Super-classes	HistoricalPeriod^c TermOfOffice^c
Restrictions	hasEvent^op value ReigningAsaSovereign^c hasSubEvent^op value HistoricalEvent^c

Reigning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reigning

Description

This sense of ''Reigning'' is an attribute of a ''Monarch-HeadOfState'' who is currently the head of the Country of which s/he is the sovereign.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reigning' in Wordnet:
          1. regnant, reigning, ruling - (exercising power or authority)

Super-classes Salient^c
SocialStatusAttribute^c

ReigningAsaSovereign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReigningAsaSovereign`
Description	'ReigningAsaSovereign'' is a ''GoverningaCountry'' that is performed by some ''Monarch-HeadOfState'', rather than an elected official. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reign' in Wordnet: 1. (3) reign - (have sovereign power; 'Henry VIII reigned for a long time')`
Super-classes	GoverningaCountry^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value Reign^c isPerformedBy^op value Monarch-HeadOfState^c

Reimbursement^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reimbursement

Description

Each ''Reimbursement'' is a ''Compensation'' that is a ''QuantityOfMoney'' given in a ''Reimbursing'' event in return for something equivalent given in a prior event.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reimbursement' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) reimbursement - (compensation paid (to someone) for damages or losses 
           or money already spent etc.; 'he received reimbursement for his travel expenses')

Super-classes Compensation^c

Reimbursing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reimbursing`
Description	''Reimbursing'' is a ''GivingBack'' in which the thing given back is exactly or approximately of equal monetary value to the thing originally given that motivates the reimbursement. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'reimburse' in Wordnet: 1. (1) reimburse - (pay back for some expense incurred; 'Can the company reimburse me for my professional travel?') 2. recoup, reimburse - (reimburse or compensate (someone), as for a loss)`
Super-classes	Compensating^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Reimbursement^c

Reincarnation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reincarnation`
Description	A ''Reincarnation'' is any ''IntelligentAgent'', usually a Person or Deity, that has been born again in a different Physical form. `NOTE: if the form is a NonHumanAnimal, it should still be an ''IntelligentAgent'', having the soul of a Person, even if, like someone paralysed, that soul cannot express itself to others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reincarnation' in WordNet: 1. reincarnation - (embodiment in a new form (especially the reappearance of a person in another form); 'his reincarnation as a lion')`
Super-classes	Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Rebirth^c

Reindeer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reindeer

Description

The animal called 'caribou' in North America.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reindeer' in WordNet:
          1. caribou, reindeer, Greenland caribou, Rangifer tarandus -
            (arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called 'reindeer' 
            in Eurasia and 'caribou' in North America)

Super-classes Deer^c

Reinforcement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reinforcement`
Description	A ''Reinforcement'' is any PhysicalObject of any size designed to strengthen any other object. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'reinforcement' in WordNet: 4. strengthener, reinforcement - (a device designed to provide additional strength; 'the cardboard backing was just a strengthener'; 'he used gummed reinforcements to hold the page in his notebook')`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Strengthening^c

Reinforcing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reinforcing`
Description	'Reinforcing'' is a form of Strengthening in which some solid object is strengthened (made able to support more weight or resist bending under greater force) by adding in some firm or hard objects or materials - e.g. reinforced cement has steel bars added. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reinforce' in WordNet: 1. (11) reinforce, reenforce - (make stronger; 'he reinforced the concrete)`
Super-classes	Strengthening^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some (AddingEvent^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	BolsteringUp^c Bolstering^c

Reins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reins`
Description	A ''Reins'' is an ''AnimalControlDevice'' consisting of (usually) two rope-like lines attached to the head of some instance of ''RiddenAnimalType'' that a rider can use to direct the motion of the animal being ridden. `CYC: Reins are ropes tied to a bridle on a horse. One usually leads a horse with the reins, and one usually holds the reins while riding a horse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rein' in WordNet: 1. (5) rein - (one of a pair of long straps (usually connected to the bit or the headpiece) used to control a horse)`
Super-classes	AnimalControlDevice^c
Restrictions	controls^op some (RiddenAnimalType^c or NonHumanAnimal^c)

Reinventing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reinventing

Description

The meaning of ''Reinventing''is somewhat vague. This type represents a mixture of ''ReCreating'' and ''Renewing'' including adding in something new, in any proportion.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reinvent' in WordNet:
           2. reinvent - (create anew and make over; 'He reinvented African music
               for American listeners')

Super-classes ReCreating^c
Renewing^c

Reinvesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reinvesting`
Description	This is for changing the type or institutional location of some ''Investment'' to get a new ''Investment'' with the same monetary value. `NOTE: not WN synset for 'reinvest'; the closest seems to be a'rollover'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'rollover' in WordNet: 1. rollover - (the act of changing the institution that invests your pension plan without incurring a tax penalty) WN verb 'roll over': 3. roll over - (invest (a previously investment) into a similar fund or security; 'She rolled over her IRA')`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c Altering^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Investment^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Investing^c hasSubEvent^op value Investing^c

ReiterativeActionSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReiterativeActionSeries`
Description	A ''ReiterativeActionSeries'' is a series of Actions in which one type of Action is followed by another type of Action, and the second Action is followed at some point by the first type of Action, either immediately or after other types of Action intervene. Each type of Action in the series (of any length) repeats at least twice for any number of times, and the types of actions performed ocur in succession. This differs from the parent type ''RecurringAction'' in that a ''RecurringAction'' represents one type of Action, whereas in a ''ReiterativeActionSeries'' at least two distinguishable types of Action occur repeatedly, each time followed by another specific type of Action. The Action in such a series are both repeated and succesive. `The ''ElectionOfaUSPresident'', representing only one type of Action is a subtype of ''RecurringAction'', whereas 'TakingTurns'' in which at least two Agents do something repeatedly in sequential order, is a subtype of this ''ReiterativeActionSeries''. Many games with two or more competitors are designed as a ''ReiterativeActionSeries'', as in Chess.`
Super-classes	ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2
Sub-classes	TakingTurns^c ReiterativeGameEvent^c Chirping^c

ReiterativeEventSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReiterativeEventSeries`
Description	A ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' is a Group of Events in sequence, each instance of which shares some property in common with others of the same series. The property shared need not be the dominant characteristic of each event in the series, it need only be something that unites the series, as phases or stages in some series of Events that collectively cause something to happen. Subtypes such as ''cyclicEventSeries'' may have strong similarities between the phases, but that is not necessary for this general series;. For this general series, the begnning and ending times need only to be not arbitrary, but have some reason for dividing the series from other time intervals. In a ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' some defining element of the Event remains the same. The defining element need not be a PhysicalObject - no one Object needs to be a participant during the whole of an Event: (Consider a 'relay race' without a baton, with the relay accomplished by touching so that no one Person is an active participant throughout the whole race.) For practical purposes, there will almost always be some physical object that is onsidered as a 'participant' but to maintain maximum generality no such entity is required. A ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' is located at some ''EventTrajectory''.
Super-classes	EventSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Iteration^c
Sub-classes	BroadcastSeries^c ActionSeries^c StreakOfEvents^c CyclicEventSeries^c

ReiterativeGameEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReiterativeGameEvent`
Description	A ''ReiterativeGameEvent'' is a ''GameEvent'' in which there are two or more players, each of whom is allowed (by the rules) to take a 'turn' (see ''TakingOnesTurn'') in some prescribed sequence. Examples: playing Chess, card games.
Super-classes	ReiterativeActionSeries^c HumanActivity^c GameEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value TakingTurns^c

Rejecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rejecting`
Description	This is the broadest sense of 'reject' in which one agent responds negatively to a communication from another agent. This contrasts with ''Accepting'' CYC ('Rejecting-CommunicationAct') An acknowledgement in which the performer denies what was communicated to them in a prior communication. Subtypes include: Refusing Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'reject' in WordNet: 1. (19) reject - (refuse to accept or acknowledge; 'I reject the idea of starting a war'; 'The journal rejected the student's paper') 2. (15) refuse, reject, pass up, turn down, decline - (refuse to accept; 'He refused my offer of hospitality') WN noun 'rejection': 1. (5) rejection - (the act of rejecting something; 'his proposals were met with rejection')
Super-classes	Acknowledging^c
Restrictions	isAnAlternativeTo^op value Accepting^c wasaResponseToEvent^op some (Offering^c or Advising^c or AssertingEvent^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Negative^c
Sub-classes	Disbelieving^c Recanting^c Repudiating^c Refusing^c ExpellinganAgent^c

Rejoicing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rejoicing`
Description	joy, joyousness, joyfulness Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rejoice' in WordNet: 1. (4) rejoice, joy - (feel happiness or joy)
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Joy^c

Rejoining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rejoining`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rejoin' in WordNet: 1. (3) rejoin - (join again)`
Super-classes	JoiningAnOrganization^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value JoiningAnOrganization^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value LeavingAnOrganization^c

Relapsing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relapsing`
Description	''Relapsing'' is the Action (usually passive) in which some ''Animal'' again becomes ill (acquires an ''AilmentCondition'') with the same type of Ailment that was acquired in a prior Event of ''AilmentType''. 'Recurring' usually implies that the Ailment acquired in the ''Relapsing'' has the same basic causes as the prior event, which have not fully gone away, and therefore occurs within no more than a few years of the prior Ailment, and often within a day or two. But this is not specified here as necessary. `In the to restrictions below, the ''AilmentType'' pointed to should be the same (no easy way to say that in OWL - one would need to generate an instance and point to that . . . can be done, clumsily if time-stamping were part of the application). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relapse' in WordNet: 1. get worse, relapse - (deteriorate in health; 'he relapsed')`
Super-classes	GettingSick^c Recurrence^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op some AilmentType^c impliesPriorEventType^op some AilmentType^c

Related^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Related`
Description	An AttributeValue of a Group of (often only two) entities that are related by some Relation. See also 'BeingRelated', a PersistentState. A common subtype is 'RelatedAsKin'. @ToDo: it will require an FOL representation to specify the actual relation that is intended, if it is know. This type merely specifies that there is a relation, but does not specify what kind. Subtypes such as 'RelatedAsKin' can be more specific. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'related' in WordNet: 1. (23) related, related to - (being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics ; 'painting and the related arts'; 'school-related activities'; 'related to micelle formation is the...ability of detergent actives to congregate at oil-water interfaces') 2. (4) related - (connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage)
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Relevant^c Associated^c OfTheSameType^c Involved^c RelatedAsKin^c Affiliated^c

RelatedAsKin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelatedAsKin`
Description	'RelatedAsKin' is an AttributeValue of a Group of (often only two) People who have some kinship relation, by blood, marriage, adoption, or biological (e.g. as an egg or sperm donor, even if not participating in the birth event). This is an attribute of a 'KinshipGroup'. `NOTE: a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is descended from the same Person is characterized by subAttribute ''RelatedByBlood''. @ToDo: it will require an FOL representation to specify the actual kinship relation. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'related' in WordNet: 2. (4) related - (connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage) WN adj 'kindred': 2. kindred - (related by blood or marriage; "kindred clans")`
Super-classes	Related^c
Sub-classes	RelatedByBlood^c

RelatedByBlood^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelatedByBlood

Description

''RelatedByBlood'' is a subAttribute of ''RelatedAsKin'' characterizing a GroupOfPeople each of whom is descended from some specific ''Person''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blood-related' in Wordnet:
          1. akin, blood-related, cognate, consanguine, consanguineous, consanguineal, kin -
              (related by blood)

Super-classes RelatedAsKin^c

Relatedness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relatedness`
Description	''Relatedness' is a broad general category of ''Relation'', that is not formal in the sense of a logical ''Relation'' but expresses some form of linkage between concepts. This is a ''PersistentState'' performed by a Group (of any type) that has some relation to each other. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relatedness' in WordNet: 1. (1) relatedness - (a particular manner of connectedness; 'the relatedness of all living things')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Related^c isPerformedBy^op value Group^c
Sub-classes	Kinship^c

RelatingAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelatingAnEvent`
Description	''RelatingAnEvent'' is an ''AssertingOrally'' in which an agent orally describes some Event, possibly fictional. The Event described is usually an instance of an Event, but could be an EventType. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'relate' in WordNet: 3. (7) relate - (give an account of; 'The witness related the events')`
Super-classes	AssertingOrally^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)

RelatingToAnotherPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelatingToAnotherPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'relate' in WordNet: 5. (2) relate - (have or establish a relationship to; 'She relates well to her peers')`
Super-classes	Interacting^c SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c produces^op value SocialRelationship^c
Sub-classes	BindingToAnotherPerson^c

Relation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relation`
Description	The Class of 'relations' (abstract concepts or terms representing links that are of some kind between the entities in a Group of two or more elements) that can be used in a formalized way in either 'logical and necessary' relations,or as 'probabilistic associations'. For binary relations that have a defined 'owl:ObjectProperty' as the relation, an instance of 'RelationInstance' could be used in COSMO. This type includes informal relations as well as the kind of formal relations represented as 'properties' in an OWL ontology. NOTE 1a: A ''Relation'' may be used in a ''ConceptLinkage'' (an ''Assertion'') that expresses the conceptual connnection between two or more objects: In the assertion {Falling isCausedby Gravity} ... the ''Relation'' is represented by the term ''isCausedBy'') NOTE 1b: The process in which this is used proceeds thus: ''AssociatingIdeas'' (a form or Reasoning, Thinking) creates a ''ConceptLinkage'' (an assertion expressing the association that was recognized); and a ''Relation'' is the formal link between the ideas that were associated. This type is similar to but more general than rdf:Property in that it includes multiple-arity relations and functions. But this type is not used to specify 'properties' within the OWL formalism, it is here for use when the OWL version of COSMO is converted to a CL-compliant version. For probabilistic associations use ''ProbabilityRelation'' and its subtypes. There are three formal kinds of the binary ''Relation'' type: Predicate, Function, and List. Predicates and Functions both denote sets of ordered n-tuples. The difference between these two Classes is that Predicates cover formula-forming operators, while Functions cover term-forming operators. A List, on the other hand, is a particular ordered n-tuple. In many of these the actual 'relation' between the Group of related entities can be pointed to by the ''hasRelation'' ObjectProperty, pointing to a defined ''ObjectProperty'' OWL 'properties' and frame-theory 'slots' are similar types, but may differ depending on the specific theory in which they are used. NOTE that in a formal sense each instance of Relation can be viewed as a set of n-tuples, an individual n-tuple but this kind of formal distinction is not represented or used in COSMO. For individual instances of reified relations, use 'RelationInstance'. NOTE: 'relationship' is used in this sense, but in WN 'relationship' only pertains to relations between people. Refer to RHW 'relationship: 1. a connection, association, or involvement. The type of connection between the two can be pointed to by an instance of'owl:ObjectProperty'' or indirectly by pointing to a ''RelationInstance'' Includes noun sense 1 of 'relation' and part of sense 3 of 'association' and noun sense 1 of 'connection' and nun sense 1 of 'link' and noun sense 1 of 'linkage' in WordNet: 1. (27) relation - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together) WN 'association': 3. (27) association - (the state of being connected together as in memory or imagination; 'his association of his father with being beaten was too strong to break') WN noun 'connection': 1. (14) connection, connexion, connectedness - (a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it); 'there was a connection between eating that pickle and having that nightmare')
Super-classes	AbstractEntity^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value ConceptLinkage^c
Sub-classes	LinearOrderingRelation^c Causality^c Reciprocality^c BasisForAnAction^c Oppositeness^c MathematicalRelation^c LogicalFunction^c LinguisticRelation^c TemporalRelation^c Predicate^c Dependency^c SingleValuedRelation^c StateOfSeparation^c SpatialRelation^c Linkage^c Bearing^c Complementarity^c VariableArityRelation^c TernaryRelation^c HumanRelationship^c Part-WholeRelation^c QuintaryRelation^c RelationExtendedToQuantities^c PartialValuedRelation^c ProbabilityRelation^c

RelationDefault^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelationDefault`
Description	This is a composite concept created as a workaround to express an inherently ternary relation, specifying the default value for a relation on instances of a class. This is similar to the notion expressed by relations starting with 'typically' or with 'typical' in the relation name, but applicable to any relation with any class. Each RelationDefault is an Insance of 'Pair', with the first element being the relation and the second element being the default value for that relation on instances of that class. This is only applicable to ObjectProperties, not to DatatypeProperties. (@ToDo: if needed, perhaps expand the domain?). See also 'DefaultValue' as another mechanism for specifying defaults. This allows expression of relations such as the SUMO 'hasDefaultValue': SUMO: An inherently ternary relation: (:hasDefaultValue ?REL ?CLASS ?VAL) is used to specify that, for every instance of a particular class, the value of the relation ?REL for every instance of class ?CLASS is ?VAL, unless it is overridden by an explicit assignment of the value. In Protege, such overrides can be accomplished by simply changing the value of the instance. For the SKIF files, we need an explicit override relation so that the condition for using the default can be described logically rather than programmatically. The override can be accomplished by using :hasDefaultValue with the subclass as argument, or, if one wants an override that cannot itself be overridden, the relation used is ':hasClassValue' NOTE: in OWL, the SUMO relation 'hasClassValue' (i.e. always has a certain value on instances of that class: see '_hasClassValue') is expressed by the normal OWL formalism of using a restriction with 'hasValue' as the value part of the restriction.
Super-classes	OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some owl:Thing^c hasFirstElement^op some owl:ObjectProperty^c
In range of	hasRelationDefault^op

RelationExtendedToQuantities^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelationExtendedToQuantities`
Description	A RelationExtendedToQuantities is a Relation that, when it is true on a sequence of arguments that are RealNumbers, it is also true on a sequence of ConstantQuantites with those magnitudes in some unit of measure. For example, the lessThan relation is extended to quantities. This means that for all pairs of quantities ?QUANTITY1 and ?QUANTITY2, (lessThan ?QUANTITY1 ?QUANTITY2) if and only if, for some ?NUMBER1, ?NUMBER2, and ?UNIT, ?QUANTITY1 = (MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT), ?QUANTITY2 = (MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT), and (lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2), for all units ?UNIT on which ?QUANTITY1 and ?QUANTITY2 can be measured. Note that, when a RelationExtendedToQuantities is extended from RealNumbers to ConstantQuantities, the ConstantQuantities must be measured along the same physical dimension. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/)
Super-classes	Relation^c

RelationInstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelationInstance`
Description	Each instance of RelationInstance is an Assertion structured as an ordered n-tuple, (an instance of List) representing one instance of a relation among two or more entities. Certain concepts in COSMO are represented as subtypes of 'RelationInstance', such as Obligation and Debt. This type is used to reify relations so that they can be discussed as an object. Each RelationInstance must have at least two arguments (role fillers). The number of arguments can be specified by the 'hasCardinalityNumber' relation, which would point to an integer which is one greater than the arity of the relation; the cardinality specifies the total number of elements in the list, which includes the relation itself. The roles (arguments) in each RelationInstance are specified by relations on each instance: 'hasRelation' points to the relation (in OWL, the Property) which relates the arguments; 'hasSubject' points to the subject as it would appear in an RDF triple; 'hasReturnValue' points to the last argument in the argument list - in an RDF triple, it is identical to the object; when a relation is a simple function, this argument will be the return value of the function. 'hasSecondArgument' points to the second argument of a relation with arity three or higher, but never to the value; 'hasThirdArgument' points to the third argument of a relation with arity four or higher, and never to the value; etc.; The ordering of the component elements (relation and arguments) in a RelationInstance does not have to be fixed, but if it does not use the format of having the relation name first and value last, it should have a mapping to that ordering (a procedure that converts one to the other) so that the relations ('hasRelation','hasReturnValue' 'hasSubject', etc.) specifying the components of the RelationInstance will have the same meaning regardless of the ordering. For example, a RelationInstance using the SKIF format will have the relation name first: (hasBirthMother PrinceWilliam PrincessDiana) This can be rendered in ESKIF with the order of the first two elements reversed: {PrinceWilliam hasBirthMother PrincessDiana} The meaning is the same in both cases, and the relations on 'RelationInstance' will return exactly the same elements in both cases. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'relation' in WordNet: 1. (27) relation - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together)
Super-classes	List^c AbstractEntity^c Assertion^c
Restrictions	hasRelation^op some owl:ObjectProperty^c hasReturnValue^op some owl:Thing^c hasSubject^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	TimeIndexedAssertion^c Equation^c Comparison^c Identity^c
In domain of	hasReturnValue^op hasSecondArgument^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JFK_is_Dead http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JFK_is_Alive

Relational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relational

Description

''Relational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Relation'' of any type. This attribute can modify many types of things. 'relational view of space'; 'the relational subject of this relation'; 'a relational difference between states'; 'relational database'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relational' in Wordnet:
        1. relational - (having a relation or being related)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Relative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relative`
Description	'Relative' is a very context-dependent AttributeValue that is a function that takes some type as an argument and returns another type that is somewhat similar to the type that is its argument, but does not have all of the qualities of the argument type; the difference from the input type is caused by a comparison with some other type. Use of this modifier means that it is possible that the situation or attribute be even more intense with respect to some attribute. This is the sense used in phrases such as 'did it with relative ease'; 'lived in relative comfort'. The contex that makes the type relative rather than absolute may be obscure or vague in a text, and hard to specify exactly; use of this type merely indicates that the input argument type is a default that is likely to have some overriding quality as applied to the resulting type. This same sense, when applied to AttributeValues, is expressed linguistically as 'relatively'. `Examples if interpretations: Relative comfort = not uncomfortable, but not as comfortable as it could be relatively calm - calmer now that it was before , but not as calm as it could be. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relative' in WordNet: 1. (26) relative - (not absolute or complete; 'a relative stranger') WN 'relatively': 1. (39) relatively, comparatively - (in a relative manner; by comparison to something else; 'the situation is relatively calm now')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Proportional^c

RelativeAbsence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeAbsence`
Description	A 'RelativeAbsence' is an Absence (a situation) in which the thing that is missing is not necessarily completely missing, but is present in a quantity less than some reference situation or place. This type can be used if it is uncertain whether there is or is not any of a certain thing in a certain location; there may be some or none.
Super-classes	StaticSituation^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some PlaceOfAbsence^c hadMissingThing^op some (Object^c or GenericAgent^c or SubstanceType^c or EventType^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Shadow^c Shade^c

RelativeAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeAttribute`
Description	A 'RelativeAttribute'' is an ''Attribute'' that is used to add semantic detail to the use of a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' by secifying some reference Object whose average value for that ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' is lower or less intense than that of the object being characterized by the Attribute. This is not usually needed in normal language, but may be required where there is some ambiguity. For example, a 'small house' will usually be interpreted as 'smaller than the average house' but the meaning of a ''small eye' would depend on what kind of animal or animal type one is referring to. Thus one can characterize subtypes of more general types as having attributes that differ in some respect from the parent type, using this relation to make it clear which type of thing the attribute is comparing. For example, if one wants to assert that a Man is 'tall', that is usually intended to mean that he is tall for a ''MalePerson'' (taller than the average Man), not for a ''Building''. So the relation ''hasObjectOfComparison'' is used with object ''MalePerson'' to be explicit about the type of thing whose attribute is being compared. The meaning is conveyed whether the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' being asserted is in the positive or comparative form. Using the comparative form would make the text easier for a Person to understand, but should not change the logic.
Super-classes	Attribute^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeType^op only AttributeTypeType^c hasObjectOfComparison^op some owl:Thing^c hasAttributeValue^op some AttributeValueType^c
Sub-classes	LessThanTheAverage^c DeepForaDish^c NarrowForaBottleNeck^c

RelativeAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeAttributeType`
Description	''RelativeAttributeType'' is a metatype which collects subtypes of ''RelativeAttribute'' to organize them and begin systematization of the QualitativeAttributeValues that refer to magnitudes in a vague and relative manner. `Large Small Big Long Short Tall High Low Heavy Light Wide Narrow Fat Thin etc.`
Super-classes	AttributeTypeType^c
Members	RelativeAttribute

RelativeHumidity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeHumidity`
Description	A ''RelativeHumidity'' is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere at some particular location at some particular time. For an average of such measurements over time use ''AverageHumidity''. `NOTE that WN does not include 'humidity' as a label, though that is commonly used for this concept at east colloquially even if not technically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative humidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) relative humidity - (the ratio of the amount of water in the air at a give temperature to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature; expressed as a percentage)`
Super-classes	PercentNumber^c
Restrictions	isaConcentrationOf^op value AtmosphericWaterVapor^c
Sub-classes	AverageHumidity^c

RelativeHumidityGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeHumidityGroup`
Description	An ''AttributeGroup'' consisting exclusively of ''RelativeHumidity'' measures. Used to express average humidities as one element of ''Climate''. or ''AttributeType''s.
Super-classes	AttributeGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only RelativeHumidity^c

RelativeLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeLocation`
Description	A RelativeLocation is a location that is explicitly relative to something else, which may be a region or an object. All locations are ultimately 'relative' in the sense that they can only be understood by reference to a distance and/or orientation with respect to some object. However, this Type 'RelativeLocation' is intended to represent those locations that are explicitly relative to something else, in particular objects or regions that are part of some other object or region. BFO note: this apears closest to the BFO type 'Site' BFO 'site': BFO: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape in relation to some arrangement in whole or in part by this characteristic spatial shape. Site [snap:Site] entities are entities that can be occupied by other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. BFO: Examples: a particular room in a particular hospital, Maria's nostril or her intestines for a variety of bacteria. BFO: Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are site [snap:Site] entities) through a relation of 'occupation'. That relation is connected to, but distinct from, the relation of spatial location. Site [snap:Site] entities are not to be confused with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. In BFO, site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space which is different from the view corresponding to the class spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] (see the comment on this class).
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	hasReferenceLocation^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	RelativePoint^c RearPartOfAnObject^c BetweenTwoObjects^c EndOfAnObject^c InsideOfSomething^c OppositeSideOfSomething^c TheDownstairs^c Upstairs^c MiddleOfAnObject^c

RelativePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativePoint`
Description	A 'RelativePoint' is a Location that is defined by its relation to some object(s) or to some Event; the size of the Point is indefinite, but can be a region.. 'She walked to a point where she had an unobstructed view of the island'; 'They met at a point halfway between the two towns'; 'The town is located at the point where the two rivers meet' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'point' in WordNet: 2. (22) point - (the precise location of something; a spatially limited location; 'she walked to a point where she could survey the whole street')`
Super-classes	RelativeLocation^c
Sub-classes	Bulls-Eye^c MidPoint^c FocalPoint^c

RelativeQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeQuantity`
Description	NOTE: the thing to which this quantity is 'relative' is pointed to by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative quantity' in WordNet: 1. relative quantity - (a quantity relative to some purpose)`
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c Quantifier^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Plurality^c

RelativeState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeState`
Description	A ''RelativeState'' is a PersistentState that expresses the relative quality or status of individual objects (usually People but of any type) compared with other individual objects or with the average of other objects or with some quality that is tpical or expected or intended. There will be one subject of this state,and the compared thing can be one or many other things. This is very broad, here to collect various subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'status' in WordNet: 2. (1) condition, status - (a state at a particular time; 'a condition (or state) of disrepair'; 'the current status of the arms negotiations')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasObjectOfComparison^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Par^c PlantDisease^c Status^c BeingLarger^c ChemicalPurity^c Sinlessness^c Surpassing^c Severity^c

RelativeTemporalLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeTemporalLocation`
Description	A ''RelativeTemporalLocation'' is a ''TemporalLocation'' thatis specified relative to the ''TemporalLocation'' of some other Event or TimePoint. `NOTE: @ToDO: should add a 'isRelativeTo' relation to help define other 'relative' concepts? Using ''isCorrelatedWith'' for now. Includes or corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'timing' in WordNet: 1. (6) timing - (the time when something happens)`
Super-classes	TemporalLocation^c
Restrictions	isCorrelatedWith^op some (TemporalLocation^c or Event^c or EventType^c or TemporalLocationType^c)
Sub-classes	TemporalOrder^c PrecedingTemporalLocation^c

RelativeTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeTime`
Description	A ''RelativeTime'' is any TimeInterval or TimePoint whose location on the Universal Time Line is specified relative to some other TemporalThing. The times 'Now', 'Tomorrow' or 'Sunday' are such RelativeTimes (represented in COSMO as subtypes of this type). `A ''RelativeTime'' can also be relative to some Object or Event or Group of Events, or location for example Geological time or Greenwich Mean TIme. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 5 of 'time' in WordNet: 5. (96) time - (the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	PastTimeInterval^c Today^c CreationDate^c Sunset^c SeasonOfYear^c Meantime^c ThePast^c HolidayTime^c Someday^c BeginningToEndingTime^c TodayAndTomorrow^c StartingTime^c Yet^c FutureTimeInterval^c EventSeriesPhase^c Dusk^c CosmicTime^c OpeningTime^c Sunrise^c EndingTime^c TimeAgo^c RelativeTimePoint^c TimePointOfReference^c ExpirationDate^c ClosingTime^c Yesterday^c LifeTimePart^c Tomorrow^c Workday^c Forever^c

RelativeTimePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativeTimePoint`
Description	A RelativeTimePoint is any TimePoint whose location on the Universal Time Line is specified relative to some other TemporalThing.
Super-classes	TimePoint^c RelativeTime^c
Sub-classes	HalfPast^c

Relativism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relativism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relativism' in WordNet: 1. relativism - ((philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Philosophy^c

Relativity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relativity`
Description	This sense of ''Relativity'' is the ''Quality'' (a PersistentState) of something that needs to be interpreted 'relative' to somethiing else, i.e. it does not have an absolute fixed meaning. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'relativity' in WordNet: 2. relativity - (the quality of being relative and having significance only in relation to something else)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Relative^c contrastsWith^op value Flawlessness^c

RelativityTheory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelativityTheory`
Description	A ''RelativityTheory'' is either of Einstein's theories, ''SpecialRelativity'' (which see) or 'General Relativity' (not yet represented).
Super-classes	ScientificTheory^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeneralRelativity http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpecialRelativity

Relaxed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relaxed`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Relaxed-Feeling, who is not excited in any way - not annoyed, angry, or afraid. NOTE: In Cyc 'Relaxed' is the type of person who is calm. The COSMO treats this as an AttributeValue. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being relaxed. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relaxed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) relaxed - (without strain or anxiety; 'gave the impression of being quite relaxed'; 'a relaxed and informal discussion')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Amused^c Comfortable^c Laid-back^c Casual^c Calm^c

Relaxed-Feeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relaxed-Feeling`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Relaxed-Feeling is some agent's feeling of being at ease and untroubled. Instances of #$Relaxed-Feeling vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or on the subject experiencing the feeling. An important specialization of #$Relaxed-Feeling is #$Calmness-Feeling. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relaxed' in WordNet: 1. (2) relaxed - (without strain or anxiety; 'gave the impression of being quite relaxed'; 'a relaxed and informal discussion')`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Relaxed^c
Sub-classes	Comfort^c Calmness-Feeling^c

Relaxing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relaxing`
Description	''Relaxing'' is the attribute of an animal that is ''Awake'' but not performing any physical or strenuous mental activity.
Super-classes	Awake^c Conscious^c

RelaxingAtHome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelaxingAtHome

Description

''RelaxingAtHome'' is a ''HumanRelaxingEvent'' Action in which a Human relaxes inside his/her own''Residence'', (usually sitting or lying down, sometimes standing up for brief resting periods) while awake, and does not perform any strenuous physical activity (but may talk or read).

      This includes any kind of relaxation - just sitting, talking to friends or family,
        playing games, watching TV, playing with children.

        In WN subtypes are to: 'sit back', 'take it easy'; or to 
           'vege out', 'vegetate'.
        All such subtype are included here.

Super-classes HumanRelaxingEvent^c

Relaying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relaying`
Description	''Relaying'' is a generic Action in which some agent (which can be a Device) first receives, then causes some object (physical or abstract) to move from one location or agent to another. For non-physical objects (e.g.Information) the original location may retain the information while the second location receives a copy. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'relay' in WordNet: 1. (2) relay - (pass along; 'Please relay the news to the villagers')`
Super-classes	Translocation^c Conveying-Generic^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)

RelayingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelayingSomething`
Description	''RelayingSomething'' is an Action of one Person transferring something physical or abstract to another Person, (a ''ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople''), as part of some series of such transfers. NOTE: This type is used only for the second or later transfer between people, and that is represented by the restriction 'impliesPriorEventType - ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople'. Thus, if a 'relay race' has only one transfer, that transfer will not be a ''RelayingSomething'', but a ''ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relay' in WordNet: 1. (2) relay - (pass along; 'Please relay the news to the villagers') WN noun 'relay': 1. (1) relay - (the act of passing something along from one person or group to another; 'the relay was successful')
Super-classes	ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople^c

ReleasingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReleasingSomething`
Description	''ReleasingSomething'' is a generic sense of a 'release' Action in which some Agent acts to allow something - inanimate or animate - that was confined in some way in some location, to exit the place of confinement. The subtypes are more specific,as in ''ReleasingaHeldObject'' or ''ReleasingaCapturedAnimal'' `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'release' in WordNet: 3. (2) release - (a process that liberates or discharges something; 'there was a sudden release of oxygen'; 'the release of iodine from the thyroid gland')`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op some LeavingaPlace^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value HoldingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	VentingaFluid^c ReleasingaCapturedAnimal^c ReleasingaHeldObject^c

ReleasingaCapturedAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReleasingaCapturedAnimal`
Description	''ReleasingaCapturedAnimal'' is an Action that reverses the effect of ''Capturing''. The captured Animal can be held by threat (such as a Person) rather than physical bonds, can be held directly by the captor or in a prison cell. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'release' in WordNet: 2. (6) free, liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose - (grant freedom to; free from confinement)`
Super-classes	ReleasingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c) allowsOrAssists^op some Motion^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Capturing^c
Sub-classes	ReleasingaPrisoner^c

ReleasingaHeldObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReleasingaHeldObject`
Description	''ReleasingaHeldObject'' is any of a broad range of Actions that reverses the effect of ''HoldingAnObject''. The object does not have to be held directly in the hand - it could be held in the mouth, at the end of a gripping device, or even in the bucket of a backhoe or similar machine, or in any type of container, but the release must be directly under the control of an animal or automaton. This includes unintentional reeases of materials that are contained in or part of some Object, due to malfunction or error. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'release' in WordNet: 1. (13) let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope-you won't fall') WN noun 'release': 2. (3) liberation, release, freeing - (the act of liberating someone or something)`
Super-classes	ReleasingSomething^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value HoldingAnObject^c allowsOrAssists^op some Motion^c
Sub-classes	Unleashing^c

ReleasingaPrisoner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReleasingaPrisoner`
Description	''ReleasingaPrisoner'' is an Action that reverses the effect of ''"Imprisoning''. This can be for non-government agents that imprison a Person as well as the formal government imprisonment. `Corresponds to part (for people) of verb sense 2 of 'release' in WordNet: 2. (6) free, liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose - (grant freedom to; free from confinement)`
Super-classes	ReleasingaCapturedAnimal^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Imprisoning^c hadAffectedAgent^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c) hadAffectedAgent^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	ParolingaPrisoner^c

Relenting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relenting

Description

A ''Relenting'' is a ''HaltingEvent'' in which some agent (which could be a natural force) stops or reduces the intensity of some Action that affects some object in an unpleasant or damaging manner. The ''Relenting'' action may be caused by internal processes, or (in the case of a ''Person'' that relents performing some action), as a result of external communications from other people.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relent' in WordNet:
           1. (3) yield, relent, soften - (give in, as to influence or pressure)

Super-classes HaltingEvent^c

Relentless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relentless

Description

''Relentless'' is an AttributeValue that characterizes people or their actions when the actor refuses to give up in spite of difficulties or opposition.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relentless' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) grim, inexorable, relentless, stern, unappeasable,
             unforgiving, unrelenting - (not to be placated or appeased 
             or moved by entreaty; 'grim determination'; 'grim necessity';
             'Russia's final hour, it seemed, approached with inexorable certainty';
             'relentless persecution'; 'the stern demands of parenthood')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Relentlessly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relentlessly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'relentlessly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) relentlessly, unrelentingly - (in a relentless manner; 'he worked relentlessly')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Relevant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relevant`
Description	''Relevant'' is an attribute of information or information objects that has some 'relevance' to a situation, that is, it can affect how an agent responds to the situation. If it is very important, it may be ''Crucial''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relevant' in WordNet: 1. (11) relevant - (having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue; 'the scientist corresponds with colleagues in order to learn about matters relevant to her own research')`
Super-classes	Related^c Pertinent^c
Sub-classes	Applicable^c Crucial^c

Reliability^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reliability

Description

''Reliability'' is a subtype of ''Responsibleness'' whose holders can be 'relied on', i.e. expected to perform Actions that they say they will.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reliability' in WordNet:
       1. (2) dependability, dependableness, reliability, reliableness - 
           (the quality of being dependable or reliable)

Super-classes Responsibleness^c

Reliable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reliable`
Description	Reliable is an Attribute of a something that can be depended on in some way (a person, an animal, a machine, a report, the weather or other force of nature, or the consequence of some Event) that can be expected to be or do what is expected or promised, or to achieve the effect desired by or promised to another person. 'Reliable' describes both a Person's attitude toward obligations to other people, and to that person's ability to fulfill those obligations. For a more intensive type of ''Reliable'' , restricted to people, use ''Trustworthy''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'reliable' in WordNet: 1. (10) reliable, dependable - (worthy of reliance or trust; 'a reliable source of information'; 'a dependable worker') 3. (1) dependable, honest, reliable, true - (worthy of being depended on; 'a dependable worker'; 'an honest working stiff'; 'a reliable source of information'; 'he was true to his word'; 'I would be true for there are those who trust me')
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Trustworthy^c Right-Hand^c Faithful^c

Reliably^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reliably`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'reliably' in Wordnet: 1. (1) faithfully, dependably, reliably - (in a faithful manner; 'it always came on, faithfully, like the radio')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Relief^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relief

Description

Emotion aroused by the removal or lightening of something oppressive, distressing, or painful. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness.

        COSMO 'Relief-Feeling' note: to be relieved does not mean that one has become
          completely comfortable, just less uncomfortable.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relief' in WordNet:
            1. (12) relief, alleviation, assuagement - (the feeling
            that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced; 
            'as he heard the news he was suddenly flooded with relief')

Super-classes DirectedFeeling^c

Relieved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relieved

Description

The attribute of a ''Person'' that has experienced a ''Relieving'' Action that lessens some burdensome pressure or concern.

     Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'relieved' (pertains
          to the ''Person'' relieved as well as the burden lessened) 
          in Wordnet:
         1. (5) alleviated, eased, relieved - ((of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Reliever^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reliever`
Description	A ''Reliever'' is a Person who temporarily takes over for (replaces) another Person for any reason, usually to allow the person relieved to perform some other activity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reliever' in WordNet: 1. stand-in, substitute, relief, reliever, backup, backup man, fill-in - (someone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult); 'the star had a stand-in for dangerous scenes'; 'we need extra employees for summer fill-ins')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Substitute^c
Restrictions	wasaSubstituteFor^op value Person^c performsAction^op value FillingInaPosition^c
Sub-classes	Surrogate^c

Relieving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relieving`
Description	The lessening of ''Discomfort'' of any kind. `This is an Event that improves the overall mental state of a Person, and achieves at minimum a ''Relief'' feeling. The ''Relief'' achieved is a ''DirectedFeeling'' and may point to the ''Concern'' that has been reduced. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relieve' in WordNet: 1. (9) relieve, alleviate, palliate, assuage - (provide physical relief, as from pain; 'This pill will relieve your headaches')`
Super-classes	Action^c CausingaFeeling^c DecreaseEvent^c StrictlyMentalEvent^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value Discomfort^c causesMentalEventType^op value Relief^c
Sub-classes	RelievingAnAilment^c RelievingSuffering^c SoothingAction^c

RelievingAnAilment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelievingAnAilment`
Description	A ''RelievingAnAilment'' is a type of ''Relieving'' in which the negative effects of some ''AilmenCondition'' are reduced. `Includes the 'ailment' part of the WN synset, but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'alleviation' (this includes possibly mitigating or relieving the underlying cause of the ailment) in WordNet: 2. easing, easement, alleviation, relief - (the act of reducing something unpleasant (as pain or annoyance); 'he asked the nurse for relief from the constant pain')`
Super-classes	Relieving^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op some AilmentType^c
Sub-classes	RelievingPain^c CuringAnAilment^c

RelievingPain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelievingPain`
Description	A ''RelievingPain'' is a type of ''RelievingAnAilment'' in which a ''Pain'' is reduced. The restriction specifies that ''PainOrAche'' is relieved. If some more specific kind of pain is relieved, a subtype of this type can be created for that. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'ease' in WordNet: 2. (4) comfort, ease - (lessen pain or discomfort; alleviate; 'ease the pain in your legs')`
Super-classes	RelievingSuffering^c RelievingAnAilment^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value PainOrAche^c
Sub-classes	Palliation^c

RelievingSuffering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelievingSuffering`
Description	A ''RelievingSuffering'' is a type of ''Relieving'' in which the negative effects of some distress-causing difficulty - physical, medical, financial, are reduced.
Super-classes	Relieving^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Suffering^c
Sub-classes	RelievingPain^c

Religion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Religion`
Description	CYC: The collection of all religions or equivalent sets of beliefs that answer the 'big questions' about creation, existence, etc. Some elements of this are: #$AnimistReligion, #$Catholicism, #$Buddhism, etc. NOTE: for the formal systematic statements of the accepted beliefs of some ''Religion'' use ''ReligiousDoctrine''. COSMO: various definitions of Religion have been proposed. For COSMO the essential core of a religion is a set of beliefs that attribute at least some of the events in this world to beings or forces other than physical processes that are susceptible at least in theory to reproducible experimental or observation confirmation. A belief system that considers people (or other living things) to have a soul that is more than the manifestation of physical processes in the body would be a religion by this definition. NOTE that a religion does not hae to believe in one or more gods. Other definitions: a system of beliefs usually involving the worship of supernatural forces or beings. a set of ideas, beliefs, practices, rituals, etc. through which a people relates to supernatural powers - whether those powers are impersonal 'forces', spirits, or 'gods.' a framework of beliefs relating to supernatural or superhuman beings or forces that transcend the everyday material world. the codification of values, beliefs and behaviors in a society with a transcendent element; Theology is 'ideology' with recourse to the supernatural. Religion can be manifested as a type of ideology, forms the basis of group identity, is associated with 'code' books, is practiced in localized populations, contributes to ideas of social justice, can be mobilized in support of political violence, and is useful in negotiation and peacemaking efforts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religion' and sense 1 'faith' in WordNet: 1. (18) religion, faith, religious belief - (a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny; 'he lost his faith but not his morality')
Super-classes	ReligiousBeliefs^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ReligiousDoctrine^c
Sub-classes	Monotheism^c ChineseTraditionalReligion^c Theism^c Buddhism^c Paganism^c AtheismGeneric^c PrimalIndigenousReligion^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catholicism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jainism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sikhism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hinduism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christianity http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Judaism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Agnosticism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spiritism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caodaism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Islam http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeoPaganism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protestantism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Atheism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bahaism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shinto http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scientology http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Lutheranism http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Presbyterianism

Religious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Religious

Description

an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to Religion or religious practices or religious organizations in some way; of or pertaining to Religion.

 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'religious' in WordNet:
   1. (10) religious, spiritual - (concerned with sacred matters or 
      religion or the church; 'religious texts'; 'a member of a religious order';
      'lords temporal and spiritual'; 'spiritual leaders'; 'spiritual songs')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ReligiousAgnostic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousAgnostic

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who are uncertain as to whether or not there are #$Gods.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'agnostic' in WordNet:
          2. agnostic - (a person who claims that they cannot have 
            true knowledge about the existence of God (but does not deny that God might exist))

Super-classes NonReligiousPerson^c

ReligiousBeliefs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousBeliefs`
Description	CYC: The collection of all religions or equivalent sets of beliefs that answer the 'big questions' about creation, existence, etc. Some instances of this are: #$AnimistReligion, #$Catholicism, #$Buddhism, etc.
Super-classes	BeliefSystem^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Religious^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousDoctrine^c Religion^c Fundamentalism^c

ReligiousBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousBuilding`
Description	SUMO: A Building which is intended to be used for religious worship. This class covers churches, temples, mosques, religious shrines, pagan temples, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temple' in WordNet: 1. (6) temple - (place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity)`
Super-classes	ReligiousStructure^c Building^c HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstruct^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Worshipping^c
Sub-classes	Masjid^c Mosque^c Convent-Residence^c SynagogueBuilding^c HouseOfPrayer^c TempleBuilding^c

ReligiousCeremony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousCeremony`
Description	Generalized religious service, like with a priest or rabbi and congregation. Not a religious obligation or solitary activity like praying or fasting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious ceremony' in WordNet: 1. religious ceremony, religious ritual - (a ceremony having religious meaning)`
Super-classes	ReligiousEvent^c Ceremony^c
Sub-classes	MuslimPrayer^c BarMitzvah^c HannukahObservance^c SayingTheRosary^c ChurchService^c ReligiousRitual^c BlessingEvent^c Sacrament^c

ReligiousClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousClothing`
Description	''ReligiousClothing'' is any item or set of ''Clothing'' that is typically or mostly worn by religious people or to express religious sentiment.
Super-classes	FoldableObject^c ClothingItem^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Religious^c
Sub-classes	Hijab^c NunsHabit^c Burka^c Chador^c

ReligiousConversion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousConversion`
Description	''ReligiousConversion'' is a ''ChangingaBelief'' that is caused by a ''PreachingaReligion''Action. NOTE: @ToDo: this is for the intransitive sense of a person changing a Belief. The WN sense 5 is transitive, but that is not yet (rev1495) properly disentangled at this point, as WN does not have the 'attempt' sense at this level of specificity. More detail needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convert' in WordNet: 3. (3) convert - (change religious beliefs, or adopt a religious belief; 'She converted to Buddhism') 5. (1) convert - (cause to adopt a new or different faith; 'The missionaries converted the Indian population')
Super-classes	ChangingaBelief^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value PreachingaReligion^c hadObjectModified^op value ReligiousBeliefs^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value BornAgain^c

ReligiousCulture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousCulture`
Description	A specialization of #$HumanCulture, each instance of which is a culture defined at least in part by the fact that its core participants are followers of a particular religion, sect, or religious cult and thus share various religious beliefs and engage in various religious practices. For example, there are instances of #$ReligiousCulture associated with #$ProtestantReligion and #$SunniIslam.
Super-classes	Culture^c

ReligiousDenomination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousDenomination`
Description	COSMO note: in Cyc this is a subtype of Religion; in COSMO, a subtype of ReligiousGroup. Different usage from in Cyc, but focus is on subgroups of a major identified religion. `Cyc: The collection of all instances of #$Religion which are variations of a more general religion which adherents of the #$ReligiousDenomination regard as their #$Religion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'denomination' in WordNet: 1. (10) denomination - (a group of religious congregations having its own organization and a distinctive faith)`
Super-classes	ReligiousGroup^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some ReligiousGroup^c
Sub-classes	ProtestantDenomination^c

ReligiousDoctrine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousDoctrine`
Description	A ''ReligiousDoctrine'' is an ''Orthodox'' element of the set of ''ReligiousBeliefs'' accepted by the ''Authority''s of some religion.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious doctrine' in WordNet: 1. religious doctrine, church doctrine, gospel, creed - (the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group)`
Super-classes	ReligiousBeliefs^c PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Orthodox^c isaComponentElementOf^op value Religion^c
Sub-classes	YinAndYang^c Tenet^c

ReligiousEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousEvent`
Description	CYC: A collection of human activities. Each instance of #$ReligiousEvent is an occurrence which has religious significance. `In SUMO 'ReligiousProcess' documentation suggests multiperson and organized, but this is the closest concept to the Cyc ReligiousEvent, which can be individual. In SUMO 'Praying' is a 'ReligiousProcess', so it is assumed that in spite of the SUMO documentation, a COSMO 'ReligiousEvent' can in fact be an individual activity. SUMO: An OrganizationalProcess that is carried out within or by a ReligiousOrganization.`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op value ReligiousBeliefs^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Sermon^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousCeremony^c Pilgrimage^c Praying^c Resurrection^c

ReligiousFigure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousFigure`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Persons (some probably fictional, some probably not) whose lives (or the perception thereof) have played a central role in the development and tenets of some religion. Positive examples include #$Mary-MotherOfJesus, #$MartinLuther-ReligiousFigure, Buddah, and Mohammed. Negative examples include specific Popes (generally, St. Peter being an exception), cult leaders (e.g., Jim Jones, David Koresh), and most religious leaders. `SUMO: A well-known leader of a religious group. Corresponds to part of sense 5 of 'figure' in WordNet: 5. (13) name, figure, public figure - (a well-known or notable person; 'they studied all the great names in the history of France'; 'she is an important figure in modern music')`
Super-classes	HistoricTemporalThing^c InfluentialPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Holy^c
Sub-classes	HolyPerson^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jesus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Job-Biblical

ReligiousForeheadMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousForeheadMark`
Description	Each ''ReligiousForeheadMark' is a ''Spot'' that is from 1 to 3 cm, placed intentionally on the skin of the forehead of Person as a symbol of some religious belief. The ''AshWednesdayCross'' in Catholics and the ''Bindi'' in hindus are examples. (?others?)
Super-classes	BodyMarking^c Spot^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Forehead^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Tilak^c Bindi^c AshWednesdayCross^c

ReligiousGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousGroup`
Description	A BeliefGroup whose beliefs (i.e. those relevant to placing them in this category) derive from a Religion.
Super-classes	BeliefGroup^c
Restrictions	believes^op some (Religion^c or BeliefType^c)
Sub-classes	Buddhists^c ReligiousDenomination^c MosqueCongregation^c ReligiousMovement^c Synagogue-LocalCongregation^c ChristianGroup^c ReligiousOrder^c Parish^c Sect^c MuslimGroup^c Priesthood^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spiritists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sikhs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Confucians http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Animists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hebrews http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Neo-Paganists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Protestants http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taoists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Bahaists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jews http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jains http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Caodaists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shintoists http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Catholics http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Israelites

ReligiousHeadOfCountry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousHeadOfCountry`
Description	The religious head of country of a nation
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c ReligiousPerson^c

ReligiousHoliday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousHoliday`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc, a Holiday is an Event, but in COSMO (and SUMO) it is a time interval (which can be longer than one day). The Cyc interpretation as an Event is not followed here. Cyc: A specialization of both #$ReligiousEvent and #$Holiday. Each instance of #$ReligiousHoliday is a holiday observed by some religious tradition. Note that individuals may observe or otherwise participate in some instances of #$ReligiousHoliday even if they are not members of the associated #$Religion. Notable specializations of #$ReligiousHoliday include #$ChristianHoliday, #$JewishHoliday, and #$IslamicHoliday. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'religious holiday' (can be longer than one day) in WordNet: 1. religious holiday, holy day - (a day specified for religious observance)
Super-classes	HolidayTime^c
Sub-classes	ChristianHoliday^c MuslimHoliday^c JewishHoliday^c

ReligiousIcon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousIcon

Description

This is a PhysicalObject, not an abstract image.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'icon' in WordNet:
         3. icon, ikon - (a conventional religious painting in oil
           on a small wooden panel; venerated in the Eastern Church)

Super-classes Painting^c

ReligiousLeader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousLeader`
Description	A ''ReligiousLeader'' is any ''Person'' who is believed to be an authority on religious matters by some ''ReligiousGroup''. `NOTE: the ''ReligiousGroup'' does not have to be a formal 'order' it could be any group, as small as a cult. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious leader' in WordNet: 1. religious leader - (leader of a religious order)`
Super-classes	ReligiousPerson^c Leader^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op some ReligiousGroup^c
Sub-classes	ApostleOfChrist^c Guru^c

ReligiousMartyr^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousMartyr

Description

A ''ReligiousMartyr'' is a Person who is killed because shhe refuses to do some Action against hisher religious beliefs.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'martyr' in WordNet:
            2. martyr - (one who voluntarily suffers death as the penalty 
               for refusing to renounce their religion)

Super-classes Martyr^c

ReligiousMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousMovement`
Description	A ''ReligiousMovement''is a ''SocialMovement'' (GroupOfPeople) that is motivated primarily by religious convictions and dogmas, acting to achieve goals inspired by religious beliefs.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious movement' in WordNet: 1. religious movement - (a movement intended to bring about religious reforms)`
Super-classes	SocialMovement^c ReligiousGroup^c
Sub-classes	Taliban^c

ReligiousMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousMusic`
Description	''ReligiousMusic'' is a type of ''Music'' that is typically sung at religious ceremonies. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious music' in WordNet: 1. religious music, church music - (genre of music composed for performance as part of religious ceremonies)`
Super-classes	Music^c
Sub-classes	Chant^c

ReligiousMusicGenre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousMusicGenre`
Description	CYC: The Collection of instances of #$MusicalComposition that are in the religious style or genre. `This WN synset is used for the ''ReligiousMusicGenre'', though it is used in COSMO for the actual ''ReligiousMusic''. Need to regularize relation between Genre and the Classes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious music' in WordNet: 1. religious music, church music - (genre of music composed for performance as part of religious ceremonies)`
Super-classes	MusicalComposition^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ReligiousCeremony^c

ReligiousOrMoralBelief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousOrMoralBelief`
Description	A ReligiousOrMoralBelief Belief is a Belief that contains some assertion about spiritual beings or moral imperatives, often referring to some Duty or Obligation arising from the existence of those spiritual beings or moral imperatives. The basis for moral imperatives can be very vague, personal, or idiosyncratic and are therefore not possible to define precisely.
Super-classes	Belief^c
Sub-classes	Puja^c Heresy^c Prana^c

ReligiousOrder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousOrder

Description

NOTE: a ''ReligiousOrder'' may be fully approved (and usually is) by the main religious group to which it claims adherence, so it is not a ''Sect'' that is dissociated from the main body.

       Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'religious order' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) sect, religious sect, religious order - (a subdivision of a larger religious group)

Super-classes ReligiousGroup^c

ReligiousOrderMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousOrderMember`
Description	A ''ReligiousOrderMember'' is a Person belonging to a ''ReligiousOrder'' regardless of where that Person resides or is stationed. NOTE that the WN gloss requires that the ''ReligiousOrderMember'' take vows, but not all orders require that, especially in the Eastern Orthodox church. `Corresponds most closely to (but is broader than) noun sense 1 of 'religious' in WordNet: 1. religious - (a member of a religious order who is bound by vows of poverty and chastity and obedience)`
Super-classes	ReligiousPerson^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value ReligiousOrder^c
Sub-classes	Friar^c Anchorite^c Monk^c

ReligiousOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousOrganization`
Description	A subcollection of #$BeliefSystemFocusGroup. Each instance of #$ReligiousOrganization is an organization whose members share religious beliefs and participate in meetings, rituals, or practices related to those beliefs. Religious organizations include #$LocalReligiousCongregations such as local churches, temples, mosques and shrines (qua organizations), as well as worldwide religious organizations such as the #$RomanCatholicChurch. `SUMO: An Organization whose members share a set of religious beliefs.`
Super-classes	IdeologicalOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasAssociatedGroupType^op value ReligiousGroup^c
Sub-classes	MonasticOrder^c JesuitOrder^c

ReligiousPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousPerson`
Description	A Person who is identified with a Religion, though the affiliation may be only nominal. Not necessarily a true believer. `CYC: Any person who is a member of some Religion. A believer by default. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious person' in WordNet: 1. religious person - (a person who manifests devotion to a deity) WN noun 'believer': 2. (1) believer, worshiper, worshipper - (a person who has religious faith)`
Super-classes	Believer^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousOrderMember^c ProtestantPerson^c JewishPerson^c MuslimPerson^c Pilgrim^c ReligiousSuperior^c ReligiousLeader^c Cleric^c Nun^c HolyPerson^c Parishioner^c HinduPerson^c BuddhistPerson^c ReligiousHeadOfCountry^c Shaman^c CatholicPerson^c

ReligiousRelic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousRelic`
Description	A ''ReligiousRelic''may be either a BodyPart of some Saint or something that a Saint has touched. `No WN sysnset covers this directly. in RHW: RHW 'relic': 6. Eccles. (esp. in the Roman Catholic and Greek churches) the body, a part of the body, or some personal memorial of a saint, martyr, or other sacred person, preserved as worthy of veneration.`
Super-classes	SacredObject^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Saint^c

ReligiousRitual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousRitual`
Description	A Ritual that is motivated by a ReligiousBelief and is expected (in tradition) to have some significance to a person's spiritual life. This is an action as viewed from the perspective of an individual - each individual pparticipating in a ReligiousRitual, whether alone or in a group, is considered as performing that ritual. Thus a Catholic going to mass is performing a ReligiousRitual, as is the priest celebrating the mass at the altar. `NOTE: a Ritual differs from a SocialRitual in that a Ritual may be performed by only one person, e.g. bedtime prayers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ritual' in WordNet: 2. (4) ritual - (the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies)`
Super-classes	ReligiousCeremony^c Ritual^c
Sub-classes	MuslimPrayer^c HannukahObservance^c

ReligiousSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousSchool`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious school' in WordNet: 1. religious school - (a school run by a religious body)`
Super-classes	PrivateSchool^c
Sub-classes	Seminary^c

ReligiousSeason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousSeason`
Description	A ''ReligiousSeason''is any ''RecurringTimeInterval'' that lasts longer than one day that is recognized by some Religion as having special significance to their faith. This can be a fixed calendar interval or movable, depending on factors such as the lunar calendar or others.
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	commonlyHasEventType^op value ReligiousEvent^c
Sub-classes	Lent^c

ReligiousSong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousSong`
Description	A ''ReligiousSong'' is a ''MusicalComposition'' ( a ''ConceptualWork'') created to express religious feelings. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious song' in WordNet: 1. religious song - (religious music for singing)`
Super-classes	Song^c
Sub-classes	SpiritualSong^c Hymn^c

ReligiousStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousStructure`
Description	A ConstructionArtifact which is not necessarily a whole building (it could be part of a building) that is used primarily for religious purposes - e.g. a Chapel.
Super-classes	ConstructionArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Shrine^c ReligiousBuilding^c

ReligiousSuperior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiousSuperior`
Description	A ''ReligiousSuperior'' is any preson who has authority over one or more members of a religious order (nuns, priests, monks). e.g. 'Mother Superior'. `RHW 'superior': 13. Eccles. the head of a monastery, convent, or the like. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'superior' in WordNet: 2. (1) superior - (the head of a religious community)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c ReligiousPerson^c
Sub-classes	PriorOfAnOrder^c

Religiously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Religiously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'religiously' in Wordnet: 1. (3) religiously, sacredly - (by religion; 'religiously inspired art')`
Super-classes	Spiritually^c

ReligiouslyObservant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReligiouslyObservant

Description

an AttributeValue of a Person who believes in and practices (to some extent) the ritual behavior expected of a believer in some formal religion. Strict observance would be a subtype of this AttributeValue (not yet represented)

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'religious' and part of
           adjective sense 3 of 'observant' in WordNet:
     2. (3) religious - (having or showing belief in and reverence for a deity;
         'a religious man'; 'religious attitude')
     3. law-abiding, observant - ((of individuals) adhering strictly
            to laws and rules and customs; 'law-abiding citizens'; 'observant of the speed limit')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
Observant^c

Relinquished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relinquished`
Description	A broadly applicable Attribute of things that have been effectively abandoned, discarded, or otherwise relinquished (no longer used by an agent who once used it). This includes losing control by intentional Action when an agent does not object to its being used or even possessed by another agent, but it also includes 'relinquishing' due to error or crimina activity (e.g. Forfeited' is a subtype). past participle of verb 'relinquished' and 'to let go'. See entry ''Relinquishing''. past participle of verb sense 1 of 'let go' and sense 1 of 'let go of' and senses 1 and 5 of 'relinquish' and verb sense 9 of 'free' in WordNet. 1. (6) let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope - you won't fall') WN verb 'relinquish': 1. (9) release, relinquish, resign, free, give up - (part with a possession or right; 'I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest'; 'resign a claim to the throne') 5. let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope-you won't fall') Coresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'relinquished' in WordNet: 2. relinquished, surrendered - (given up often unwillingly; 'a relinquishment is a piece of relinquished or abandoned land')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Abandoned^c Discarded^c Forfeited^c

Relinquishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relinquishing`
Description	An ''Action'' in which some agent relinquishes (gives up use or possession, in some sense) something. This is a very broad sense and can apply to various kinds of relinquishment and various type of things relinquished. The object of this action, after the action has the property ''Relinquished'' or some subtype of that property (abandoned, discarded, freed, released). (see the restriction) Includes verb sense 1 of 'let go' and sense 1 of 'let go of' and senses 1 and 5 of 'relinquish' and verb sense 9 of 'free' in WordNet: 1. (6) let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope - you won't fall') WN verb 'relinquish': 1. (9) release, relinquish, resign, free, give up - (part with a possession or right; 'I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest'; 'resign a claim to the throne') 5. let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope-you won't fall')
Super-classes	LosingControlOfAControlledObject^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Relinquished^c
Sub-classes	Discarding^c Disengaging^c Abandoning^c Sacrificing^c

Relinquishment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relinquishment`
Description	''Relinquishment'' is a ''QuittingAction'' ('ceasing' to do something) in which the Agent chooses to stop trying to do something that the Agent had expected to accomplish some desirable goal; stopping some Action with ''Regret'' that it could not be accomplished. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'relinquishment' in WordNet: 2. relinquishment, relinquishing - (the act of giving up and abandoning a struggle or task etc.)`
Super-classes	QuittingAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Regret^c finishes^op some Action^c

Reliving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reliving`
Description	A ''Reliving'' is to 'Experience'' a situation similar to one previously experienced, often only in the imagination, but commonly by revisiting a place where some vivid ''Experience''occurred, or by getting together for a while with people who participated in a fondly remembered event. A ''Reliving'' may not be pleasant, especialy when it is a vivid recall (usually involuntary) of a prior traumatic experience. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relive' in WordNet: 1. (1) relive, live over - (experience again, often in the imagination; 'He relived the horrors of war')`
Super-classes	Experience^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Experience^c

Relocating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relocating`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relocate' in WordNet: 1. relocate - (become established in a new location; 'Our company relocated to the Midwest')`
Super-classes	Translocation^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Person^c or GroupType^c or PersonType^c or OrganizationType^c or Residence^c or PlaceOfBusiness^c or LocationType^c) hadChangedEntity^op some (Organization^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Person^c or GroupType^c or PersonType^c or OrganizationType^c or Residence^c or PlaceOfBusiness^c or LocationType^c)

Relocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Relocation`
Description	This ''Relocation'' represents the intransitive Action of some Person, Group, or Business to change the place where they live or do business. This can be done by a Government agency. The more specific changing of a Person's residence is represented by subtype ''ChangeOfResidence''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'relocation' in WordNet: 2. move, relocation - (the act of changing your residence or place of business; 'they say that three moves equal one fire')`
Super-classes	TransportationEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c or Business^c)
Sub-classes	ChangeOfResidence^c

Reluctance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reluctance`
Description	''Reluctance'' is a level of ''Fear'' that is less intense than ''Timidity'', arising from a perception that the action for which they feel ''Reluctance' presents some degree of risk. `NOTE: 'disinclination' is broken out as a subtype, to distinguish 'Disinclined' fro 'reluctant' - to add a reson for the'disinclined' subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reluctance' in WordNet: 2. reluctance, hesitancy, hesitation, disinclination, indisposition - (a certain degree of unwillingness; 'a reluctance to commit himself'; 'his hesitancy revealed his basic indisposition'; 'after some hesitation he agreed')`
Super-classes	Fear^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Reluctant^c
Sub-classes	Disinclination^c Unwillingness^c

Reluctant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reluctant`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Reluctance'', a Feeling that makes one reluctant to perform an action that may be risky.. `includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'reluctant' in WordNet: 2. (2) reluctant - (unwilling to become involved; 'they were usually reluctant to socialize'; 'reluctant to help') 3. (1) reluctant - (not eager; 'foreigners stubbornly uneager to accept our ways'; 'fresh from college and uneager for the moment to marry him'; 'reluctant to help')`
Super-classes	Afraid^c
Sub-classes	Disinclined^c Grudging^c Unwilling^c Timid^c

Reluctantly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reluctantly

Description

''Reluctantly'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that they were performed with ''Reluctance'' by the actor, i.e. the Actor was ''Reluctant'' to perform the Action.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'reluctantly' in WordNet:
         1. (5) reluctantly - (with reluctance)

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

RelyingOn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RelyingOn`
Description	Each 'RelyingOn' is a 'Depending' in which some Agent requires the assistance of another Agent,or the existence of a certain Situation in order to perform some Action - perhaps even to continue living. This sense is broader than the WordNet sense. (one can 'rely on' the weather) `This corresponds approximately to both verb sense 2 of 'depend on' and verb sense 1 of 'rely on' and verb sense 1 of 'rely' in WordNet: 2. depend on, rely on - (be dependent on, as for support or maintenance; 'elderly parents often depend on their adult children') WN verb 'rely': 1. (1) trust, swear, rely, bank - (have confidence or faith in; 'We can trust in God'; 'Rely on your friends'; 'bank on your good education'; 'I swear by my grandmother's recipes')`
Super-classes	Depending^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c

Remaining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remaining`
Description	''Remaining''is the attribute of Objects (including mental objects, like items on a ''ToDoList'') that have not 'gone' in any sense - moved away physically, disappeared from memory, having been used up or been destroyed or otherwise rendered nonexistent in some place or context. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'remaining' in WordNet: 1. (3) leftover, left over, left, odd, remaining, unexpended - (not used up; 'leftover meatloaf'; 'she had a little money left over so she went to a movie'; 'some odd dollars left'; 'saved the remaining sandwiches for supper'; 'unexpended provisions')`
Super-classes	Extant^c
Sub-classes	Lingering^c Unpaired^c

RemainingInaLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemainingInaLocation`
Description	A PersistentState in which some Object remains in some location. If the object rests and stays still in some location, use the subtype StayingStill'. A person staying in a room and moving around is 'RemainingInalocation' but not 'StayingStill' NOTE: This differs from the more generic 'NonEvent' only in that RemainingInaLocation specifies that some Objecst continued to be in some specific location,rather than continuing to have some attribute. For staying in some state or situation, use 'StayingInaState'. For being left over after other parts of an object or group have left or been taken away or been consumed, use 'BeingLeftOver'. These senses of 'remaining' are not necessarily disjoint, and may describe different views of the same situation. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'stay' and part of sense 2 of 'remain' in WordNet: WN 'remain': 2. (40) stay, stay on, continue, remain - (continue in a place, position, or situation; 'After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser'; 'Stay with me, please'; 'despite student protests, he remained Dean for another year'; 'She continued as deputy mayor for another year') WN 'stay' 2. (32) stay, stick, stick around, stay put - (stay put (in a certain place); 'We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati'; 'Stay put in the corner here!'; 'Stick around and you will learn something!')
Super-classes	NonEvent^c BeingLeftOver^c
Restrictions	hasConstantAttributeOrLocation^op some (GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	LingeringAction^c StayingBehind^c Sojourn^c Adhering^c StandingUprightEvent^c ResistingMotion^c

RemainingPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemainingPart`
Description	A 'RemainingPart' of an Object is a ProperPart of that Object that is still Extant at some particular time in some particular place or for some particular purpose.. @ToDo: NOTE that when an Object is intentionally divided into parts as by carving a solid block of material, the remaining part could be the 'carving' produced or the chips of material carved off. Either of these could be significant (gold or silver chips remaining from manufacturing or polishing jewelry have value and are retained), and there should be a way to distinguish these. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remainder' in WordNet: 1. (8) remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum, rest - (something left after other parts have been taken away; 'there was no remainder'; 'he threw away the rest'; 'he took what he wanted and I got the balance') WN noun 'leftover': 1. leftover, remnant - (a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists)
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some BeingLeftOver^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Remaining^c
Sub-classes	Remains^c Leftover^c

RemainingTimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemainingTimeInterval`
Description	A ''RemainingTimeInterval'' is the ''TimeInterval'' (starting ''Now'') that continues until some ''Deadline'' (a ''TimePoint'') `The measure of this interval answers how much time is left?'`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasStartingTimePoint^op value Now^c hasEndingTimePoint^op value Deadline^c

Remains^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remains`
Description	An instance of 'Remains' is the object that was once a living organism - plant or animal. It can be a fresh corpse, or the skeleton in an old grave, or a fossilized skeleton of an ancient animal, or the ashes of a person from a cremation. The remains that have not been vaporized persist indefinitely, even though they may become widely dispersed, and part of them have become part of another animal. In practice, the only remains that are likely to be reified in a knowledge base are corpses, skeletons, fossils, or ashes retained in some container, but for precision it is allowable to talk about the 'existence' of remains of a person that were ashes and have been dispersed widely over an ocean. This representation of 'Remains' is adopted, in addition to uses for corpses and ashes, so that a 'Person' (a 'PhysicalObject'') or other animal can be represented and discussed logically as a Person even though it is long dead. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'remains' in Wordnet: 2. cadaver, corpse, stiff, clay, remains - (the dead body of a human being; 'the cadaver was intended for dissection'; 'the end of the police search was the discovery of a corpse'; 'the murderer confessed that he threw the stiff in the river'; 'honor comes to bless the turf that wraps their clay')
Super-classes	NonFunctionalObject^c Role^c RemainingPart^c OrganicObject^c
Restrictions	wasOfType^op value Organism^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dead^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	SkeletalRemains^c FuneraryAshes^c Corpse^c

Remarkable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remarkable`
Description	'Remarkable' is a property of Events or (and sometimes Objects having specific attributes or behaviors) that are not only 'Rare' but cause one to take notice and often to relate it to others. Such Events not only occur much less often in any given TimeInterval than is typical for the type of Event that is the basis for comparison, but are psychologically salient and worth mentioning to others. NOTE: the term 'bodacious' has one sense close to this meaning but that sense is not represented in WN: RHW adj 'bodacious': 2. remarkable; outstanding: a bodacious story. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'remarkable', and both senses of 'noteworthy' in Wordnet: 1. (13) remarkable, singular - (unusual or striking; 'a remarkable sight'; 'such poise is singular in one so young') 2. (2) noteworthy, remarkable - (worthy of notice; 'a noteworthy fact is that her students rarely complain'; 'a remarkable achievement') WN noteworthy: 1. (3) noteworthy, notable - (worthy of notice; 'a noteworthy advance in cancer research')
Super-classes	Salient^c Rare^c
Sub-classes	Admirable^c Awe-inspiring^c Impressive^c Wondrous^c

Remarrying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remarrying`
Description	''Remarrying'' is a ''Marrying'' Action of one person who performs a ''Marrying'' after the first Marriage is dissolved. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'remarry' in WordNet: 1. (1) remarry - (marry, not for the first time; 'After her divorce, she remarried her high school sweetheart')`
Super-classes	Marrying^c Recurrence^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Divorce^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Marrying^c

Remediation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remediation`
Description	''Remediation'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remediation' in WordNet: 1. redress, remedy, remediation - (act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil) WN verb 'remediate': 1. rectify, remediate, remedy, repair, amend - (set straight or right; 'remedy these deficiencies'; 'rectify the inequities in salaries'; 'repair an oversight')
Super-classes	Correcting^c HumanActivity^c Modification^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c causedChange^op value Improvement^c hadObjectModified^op some (PhysicalObject^c or Group^c or GroupType^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

RememberedThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RememberedThing`
Description	Each 'RememberedThing' is a 'Memory' that has been recalled from its storage location (in a human brain or computer memory), to some working memory (i.e. into consciusness) in the brain or computer. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'recollection' and approximately to noun sense 1 of 'memory' in WordNet, which does not distinguish between a stored memory ('Memory') and one recalled.: in WordNet: WN noun 'recollection': 3. recollection - (something recalled to the mind) WN noun 'memory' 1. (25) memory - (something that is remembered; "search as he would, the memory was lost")`
Super-classes	Memory^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Remembering^c

Remembering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remembering`
Description	The class of events in which an intelligent agent recalls* something from long-term memory in to short-term memory. Before the remembering, the doers did not have the recalled fact in mind (in short-term memory). Afterwards, they do. The necessary prior act of storing something in memory is represented as 'PuttingIntoMemory' or its subtype 'Memorizing'; however, there is not restrction on this type requiring that the 'PuttingIntoMemory' event be represented. In COSMO Acts related to memory are divided into stages: 1. PuttingIntoMemory - acquiring a memory, short or long-term 2. HavingInMemory - having something in short term memory, or in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory 3. Remembering - recalling something from long-term to short-term memory, i.e. bringing it from outside of current consciousness into the current consciousness. States 1 and 3 have subtypes. 'Forgetting' reverses the effect of 'PuttingIntoMemory'. WordNet sense 2 seems to include 'Memorizing' as part of its meaning - not clear. The WN sense seems to mean to put something into short-term memory. See 'Memorizing' SUMO: The Class of PsychologicalProcesses which involve the recollection of prior experiences and/or of knowledge which was previously acquired. Includes verb senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'remember' in WordNet: 1. (106) remember, retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think - (recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection; 'I can't remember saying any such thing'; 'I can't think what her last name was'; 'can you remember her phone number?'; 'Do you remember that he once loved you?'; 'call up memories') 2. (53) remember, think of - (keep in mind for attention or consideration; 'Remember the Alamo'; 'Remember to call your mother every day!'; 'Think of the starving children in India!') 3. (23) remember, think back - (recapture the past; indulge in memories; 'he remembered how he used to pick flowers') WN noun 'memory': 2. (15) memory, remembering - (the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered; 'he can do it from memory'; 'he enjoyed remembering his father') WN noun 'recall': 4. recall, recollection, reminiscence - (the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort); 'he has total recall of the episode') WN noun 'retrieval': 2. retrieval - (the cognitive operation of accessing information in memory; 'my retrieval of people's names is very poor')
Super-classes	IntentionalMentalEvent^c StrictlyMentalEvent^c
Sub-classes	Recognizing^c Flashback^c Reminiscing^c

Reminder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reminder`
Description	A 'SolidObject' usually small, that causes a person to remember something; this is general, including notes written as a reminder (e.g. on a to-do list), souvenirs of travel or other mementos (e.g. a memento mori). This does not include an Action by a person that serves as a reminder to another person. `For an Action that causes remembering, use 'Reminding'. WN Other Physical Objects that serve to remind are under 'memento' and its subtypes. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'reminder' in WordNet, however that sense seems to be primarily for verbal reminders - this is the only Wn place where physical reminder notes can be included: in WordNet: 1. (3) reminder - (a message that helps you remember something; 'he ignored his wife's reminders')`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c SymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Remembering^c isUsedInAction^op value Reminding^c
Sub-classes	Memorandum^c Memento^c

Reminding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reminding`
Description	Each 'Reminding' is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to remember (recall to short-term memory) something. A Reminding can be simply some perceived Event (as in viewing a ''Memento'') that brings to mind a Memory that was not in short-term memory, or it can be a verbal reminding by another person. 'It's a good thing I looked at the calendar, it reminded me of an appointment this afternoon.' 'I reminded him of his promise not to be so sarcastic'. For objects that can cause Remembering, use 'Reminder' and subtypes (memento, souvenir). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'remind', and part of sense 1 of 'reminder' in WordNet: 1. (22) remind - (put in the mind of someone; 'Remind me to call Mother') 2. (13) prompt, remind, cue - (assist (somebody acting or reciting) by suggesting the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned) WN 'reminder': 1. (3) reminder - (a message that helps you remember something; 'he ignored his wife's reminders')
Super-classes	CausingaMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBePerformedByAgent^op value Reminder^c alwaysCauses^op value Remembering^c
Sub-classes	EvokingaMemory^c

Reminiscing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reminiscing`
Description	''Reminiscing' is an intentional remembering of past events, especially those including the Person reminiscing. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reminisce' in WordNet: 1. (3) reminisce - (recall the past; 'The grandparents sat there, reminiscing all afternoon')`
Super-classes	Remembering^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PastEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Retrospective^c

Remodeling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remodeling

Description

CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$Remodeling, an agent makes some significant structural change to a #$Building in an effort to improve it. Examples include replacing the roof, siding, flooring, cabinets, etc., building or removing walls, or building additional rooms, floors, or wings. Painting, cleaning, and repairing, are NOT specs of #$Remodeling, although instances of #$Remodeling often include subevents of painting or cleaning.

        Remodeling should include changes to some part of the fixed structure, which
            includes cabinets and floor and wall coverings.  Includes remodeling
            of homes, apartments, retail and office spaces.
         This can be but is not necessarily a ''Modernization'', as a ''Remodeling'' 
           may change only the functional aspects of a Structure with minimal
           change to the appearance.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'remodel' in WordNet:
          1. (3) remodel, reconstruct, redo - 
             (do over, as of (part of) a house; 'We are remodeling these rooms')

Super-classes TakingCareOfSomething^c
Updating^c

Remorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remorse`
Description	CYC: Regret, self-reproach, and suffering or guilt for past sins or wrongs. `''Remorse'' is a deep regret that includes 'Sorrow'' at having done something seriously wrong. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remorse' in WordNet: 1. (1) compunction, remorse, self-reproach - (a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed))`
Super-classes	Regret^c Sorrow^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Remorseful^c

Remorseful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remorseful`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'remorseful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) contrite, remorseful, rueful, ruthful - (feeling or expressing pain or sorrow for sins or offenses)`
Super-classes	Sorry^c

RemoteControlDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemoteControlDevice`
Description	A control device that affects a device which is some distance away from the control device and its user. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remote control' in WordNet: 1. remote control, remote - (a device that can be used to control a machine or apparatus from a distance; 'he lost the remote for his TV')`
Super-classes	Device^c WirelessCommunicationDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c PersonalDevice^c ControlDevice^c
Sub-classes	TelevisionRemoteControl^c

Remotely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remotely

Description

''Remotely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Attribute to create a phrase meaning 'a very small degree of' the Attribute. 'remotely visible'; 'only remotely likely'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'remotely' in Wordnet:
          2. remotely - (to a remote degree; 'it is remotely possible')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

RemovingPhysically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemovingPhysically`
Description	An Action in which.an agent physically causes some PhysicalObject or part of a PhysicalObject to be moved from some location to another, by carrying or pushing the moved object, or by extracting a part of some larger object.. This includes the forcible removal of people without their cooperation: 'The police carried the demonstrators into police vans and removed them from the site.' Removing a part of the body in surgery is also an example. For removing abstract things (money, information) use''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject''. This represents part of sense 1 of 'subtract' in RHW: to withdraw or take away, as a part from a whole. sometimes used to refer to removing one object from a group. This sense is not in WordNet. Includes verb sense 1 of 'remove' and noun sense 1 of'removal' and noun sense 2 of 'subtraction; and verb sense 1 of 'subtract' in WordNet: 1. (91) remove, take, take away, withdraw - (remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; 'remove a threat'; 'remove a wrapper'; 'Remove the dirty dishes from the table'; 'take the gun from your pocket'; 'This machine withdraws heat from the environment') WN 'removal': 1. (9) removal, remotion - (the act of removing; 'he had surgery for the removal of a malignancy') WN noun 'subtraction': 2. subtraction, deduction - (the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole); 'he complained about the subtraction of money from their paychecks') WN verb 'subtract': 1. (10) subtract, deduct, take off - (make a subtraction)
Super-classes	CausingAnObjectToMove^c RemovingSomething^c Motion^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryDisarmament^c Erosion^c ExpellingaPerson^c Ablation^c EmptyingEvent^c Culling^c DefusingAnExplosive^c Inscribing^c TakingSomethingAway^c ParingSomething^c Undermining^c AbradingaSurface^c WithdrawingaLiquid^c DisarmingaPerson^c TakingSomethingOff^c Circumcision^c Unpacking^c Unbuttoning^c LeachingOutStuff^c SurgicalRemoval^c Castrating^c PeelingSomethingFromaSurface^c Appendectomy^c Ridding^c ClearingaLocation^c WithdrawingAnObject^c DrillingAHole^c Tonsillectomy^c

RemovingSnow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemovingSnow`
Description	''RemovingSnow'' is the act of moving snow from a surface to allow access for people or vehicles. This can be done by shoveling, plowing, or using a snow-blowing device. See also ''Snowplow'' for related concepts.
Super-classes	ClearingaSurface^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Snow^c allowsOrAssists^op value DrivingaRoadVehicle^c hadThingAffected^op some (PavedSurface^c or LocationType^c)

RemovingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemovingSomething`
Description	COSMO note: this is the most general sense of 'remove' including both direct physical action on the object moved (apparently the sense of WordNet sense 1), and indirect 'removing' of people by ordering them to move their location, as well as 'removing' by actions other than causing translational motion (e.g. removing stains). This includes removing abstract Objects (like a MoneyObject) as well as PhysicalObjects or substances. The removing by direct physical causation of ''Motion'' is the subtype 'RemovingPhysically'. All other 'removings' can be represented as instances of this more general type. In all cases,something physical (including people) must be caused to be moved (usually taken away) from some specified location. NOTE r1523: making this a subtype of 'translation' forces assertion of a destination not needed for simple removal. Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$RemovingSomething is an event in which an agent deliberately removes one object from another object. The removed object is related to the instance of #$RemovingSomething via the predicate #$objectRemoved, while the object to which it belonged prior to its removal is related via the predicate #$objectRemaining. In different types of removals, either the #$objectRemoved or the #$objectRemaining may be destroyed, or both may survive. Specializations of #$RemovingSomething include #$Ablation, #$RemovingSomething-Translational, and #$CuttingOffAPiece. The difference between this collection and #$SeparationEvent is that instances of #$RemovingSomething are purposeful actions, while instances of #$SeparationEvent need not be purposeful. SUMO (Removing) The Class of Processes where something is taken away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location are specified with the CaseRoles patient and origin, respectively. Includes verb senses 1, 3, 4, and part of 5 of 'remove' and noun sense 1 of'removal' in WordNet: 1. (91) remove, take, take away, withdraw - (remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; 'remove a threat'; 'remove a wrapper'; 'Remove the dirty dishes from the table'; 'take the gun from your pocket'; 'This machine withdraws heat from the environment') 3. (4) get rid of, remove - (dispose of; 'Get rid of these old shoes!'; 'The company got rid of all the dead wood') 4. (3) take out, move out, remove - (cause to leave; 'The teacher took the children out of the classroom') 5. (3) remove, transfer - (shift the position or location of, as for business, legal, educational, or military purposes; 'He removed his children to the countryside'; 'Remove the troops to the forest surrounding the city'; 'remove a case to another court') WN 'removal': 1. (9) removal, remotion - (the act of removing; 'he had surgery for the removal of a malignancy')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c ActingOnSomething^c CausingAnObjectToMove^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c) removes^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or GenericLocation^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	Condoning^c RemovingaFluid^c CuringAnAilment^c Deforestation^c GettingRidOfSomething^c RemovingPhysically^c DeletingSomething^c CleaningEvent^c ConcentratingaSubstance^c Unstringing^c FulfillingAnObligation^c WithdrawingAnAbstractObject^c Unleashing^c Excavating^c RevealingSomething^c SatisfyingaDesire^c Shaving^c Purifying^c RemovingaRestriction^c DemilitarizingaPlace^c Unburden^c

RemovingaFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemovingaFluid`
Description	'RemovingaFluid'' is an Event in which some quantity of a ''FluidSubstance'' is removed from some SOlidObjec that had some of that FluidSubstance absorbed or adsorbed.
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c Evaporating^c
Restrictions	removes^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Drying^c

RemovingaGroundSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemovingaGroundSurface`
Description	''RemovingaGroundSurface''is an ''AbradingaSurface'' in which the surface changed is part of the ''Ground''
Super-classes	AbradingaSurface^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Ground^c
Sub-classes	GradingaLandArea^c

RemovingaRestriction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RemovingaRestriction`
Description	''RemovingaRestriction'' is an Action in which.an agent removes or rescinds a Rule that is a restriction on some kind of Action.
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Mitigating^c Desegregating^c Liberalization^c Deregulation^c

Remuneration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Remuneration`
Description	''Remuneration'' is ''Compensation'' for work done. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'remuneration' in WordNet: 2. remuneration - (the act of paying for goods or services or to recompense for losses; 'adequate remuneration for his work')`
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c Compensation^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some WorkingEvent^c wasaQuidForQuo^op some (WorkingEvent^c or ServiceEventType^c)
Sub-classes	FringeBenefit^c BackPay^c Wage^c

Renaissance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Renaissance`
Description	This ''Renaissance'' is a ''Restoring'' of some knowledge or culture that had been lost or suppressed over some period of years. The European Renaissance is represented as the ''RenaissanceAge''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'renaissance' in WordNet: 2. (1) rebirth, Renaissance, Renascence - (the revival of learning and culture)`
Super-classes	Revitalization^c
Restrictions	hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value LosingCulturalHeritage^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value LosingCulturalHeritage^c

RenaissanceAge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RenaissanceAge`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Renaissance' in WordNet: 1. (5) Renaissance, Renascence - (the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries)`
Super-classes	HistoricalPeriod^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HistoricalEvent^c

Renal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Renal

Description

''Renal'' pertains to

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'renal' in Wordnet:
          1. nephritic, renal - (of or relating to the kidneys)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RenderedMusically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RenderedMusically`
Description
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Rendering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rendering`
Description	This ''Rendering'' is a very heterogeneous collection of concepts expressed as 'render', including 'giving' and creating a representation of something. `The restriction ''hadThingTransferred'' can specify what was 'rendered' (tranferring), concrete or abstract, Includes parts of verb senses 3, 5, 9, 11, and 12 of 'render' in WordNet: 3. (3) interpret, render - (give an interpretation or rendition of; 'The pianist rendered the Beethoven sonata beautifully') 5. (1) render, deliver, return - (pass down; 'render a verdict'; 'deliver a judgment') 11. give, render - (bestow; 'give homage'; 'render thanks')`
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some (Object^c or AbstractEntity^c or ValuableThing^c)
Sub-classes	Depicting^c Thanking^c TranslatingLinguisticPhrases^c MusicalRendition^c ExpressingApproval^c

Rendezvous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rendezvous`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rendezvous' in WordNet: 1. (3) rendezvous - (a meeting planned at a certain time and place) WN verb 'rendezvous': 1. rendezvous - (meet at a rendezvous)`
Super-classes	PlannedAction^c Meeting^c
Sub-classes	Tryst^c

Renegade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Renegade`
Description	An ''Renegade'' is a ''Wrongdoer'' who has rebelled from some group or society and become an ''Outlaw''. This type is mostly used for ''Outlaw''s who were once `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'renegade' in WordNet: 1. renegade - (someone who rebels and becomes an outlaw)`
Super-classes	Rogue^c Outlaw^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Rebelling^c

Renewable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Renewable

Description

Includes ''RenewableEnergy''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'renewable' in Wordnet:
        1. renewable - (that can be renewed or extended; 'a renewable lease'; 
            'renewable subscriptions')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RenewableEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RenewableEnergy`
Description	''RenewableEnergy'' is any form of ''PotentialEnergy'' that is contained in natural resources that are replenished and effectively inexhaustible though it has some theoretical maximum limits. `No WN sense for 'renewable energy': RHW: any naturally occurring, theoretically inexhaustible source of energy, as biomass, solar, wind, tidal, wave, and hydroelectric power, that is not derived from fossil or nuclear fuel.`
Super-classes	PotentialEnergy^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Renewable^c
Sub-classes	SolarEnergy^c WindEnergy^c Energy-Renewable^c

Renewed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Renewed`
Description	''Renewed'' is the attribute of something that has been successfully subjected to a ''Renewing'' Action. . Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'renewed' in WordNet: 1. (1) renewed - (restored to a new condition; 'felt renewed strength')
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Renewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Renewing`
Description	''Renewing'' is a ''ReCreating'' and a ''Restoring'' that restores lost functionality in any of several ways, including replaceent of parts (for Devices) or 'RenewingaPermit'' for a 'Permission'' that is due to expire. `Includes verb sense 1 of 'renew' in WordNet: 1. regenerate, renew - (reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new; 'We renewed our friendship after a hiatus of twenty years'; 'They renewed their membership') WN noun 'renewal': 2. (1) renewal - (the act of renewing) 'The snake regenerated its tail')`
Super-classes	ReCreating^c RestoringEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	RevitalizingaPerson^c Reestablishing^c Reinventing^c Revamping^c RenewingaPermit^c

RenewingaPermit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RenewingaPermit`
Description	''RenewingaPermit'' is a ''Renewing'' in which the thing renewed is a ''Permission'' of some kind that has an expiration date, such as a license (driver'slicense) or passport, or work permit, or membersip, or anything else that requires the permission of some Authority and it time limited (has an ''ExpirationDate''). `Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'renew' in WordNet: 1. regenerate, renew - (reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new; 'We renewed our friendship after a hiatus of twenty years'; 'They renewed their membership') WN noun 'renewal': 2. (1) renewal - (the act of renewing) 'The snake regenerated its tail')`
Super-classes	Renewing^c
Restrictions	occursBefore^op value ExpirationDate^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Expiring^c

Rennet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rennet`
Description	Mucous membrane from a calf's stomach, used to promote the hardening of cheese. NOTE: In RHW there are three related nuances of meaning to 'rennet': RHW: 1. the lining membrane of the fourth stomach of a calf or of the stomach of certain other young animals. 2. the rennin-containing substance from the stomach of the calf. 3. a preparation or extract of the rennet membrane, used to curdle milk, as in making cheese, junket, etc. This type represents the third meaning (the derived stuff used for curdling), even though the CYC gloss suggests that they mean the stomach itself, the CYC type is a 'substance', not an organ, so this typ is probably the intended CYC meaning. If needed, the stomach itself can be represented and a link to this type would use the relation {'Rennet' 'isDerivedFrom' the stomach}. RHW sense 2? Can't tell how it differs from sense 3. The component enzye ''Rennin'' is the main active part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rennet' in WordNet: 1. rennet - (a substance that curdles milk in making cheese and junket)
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Rennin^c

Rennin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rennin`
Description	Wiki dictionary: an enzyme secreted into the stomach of unweaned mammals, and in some lower animals and plants, causing the curdling of milk. Wikipedia: Renin, also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's ' renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system' also known as the 'renin/angiotensin/aldosterone axis'that mediates the volume of extracellular fluid and arterial vasoconstriction. Thus, it regulates the body's mean arterial blood pressure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rennin' in WordNet: 1. rennin, chymosin - (an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate)
Super-classes	Enzyme^c
Restrictions	acceleratesOrShortens^op value MilkCurdling^c isaParticipantIn^op some BloodPressure^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enzymatic^c

Rent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rent

Description

'Rent' is the MoneyObject that is paid for the right to use something for some interval of time. This includes all rentals, not just for living quarters. As a MoneyObject, this would be the amount paid at some particular time, such as the rent for one month. NOTE that 'InterestPayment', though it can be thought of as a 'rent' for borrowed money, is not a subtype of this type.

   RHW 'rental' 1.  an amount received or paid as rent.

  This includes fees for leasing things other than real estate but that sense
     does not seem to be in WordNet.  A fee for 'leasing'money is 'InterestPament'.

   This is only vaguely related to the economic sense of'rent' in 'rent seeking'.

   Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'rent' in WordNet:
      1. (6) rent - (a regular payment by a tenant to a landlord for use of some property)

Super-classes PeriodicPayment^c

Rentable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rentable

Description

''Rentable'' is an Attribute of Objects that are available for ''Renting''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rental' in Wordnet:
         1. rental - (available to rent or lease; 'a rental car')

Super-classes Available^c

RentalCar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RentalCar`
Description	CYC: The collection for rental cars.
Super-classes	Automobile^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rentable^c

RentalProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RentalProperty`
Description	Real estate or any part of RealEstate or buildings on it that can be rented, owned by a ''LandLord'' who rents that property. `CYC: Real estate that is offered (to someone) for temporary occupation or use, for a fee. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rental' in WordNet: 1. lease, rental, letting - (property that is leased or rented out or let)`
Super-classes	RealEstate^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op value LandLord^c

Rented^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rented

Description

''Rented'' is an Attribute of Objects that are temporarily possesed by a Person who has obtained it in a ''RentingForPersonalUse'' Action.

       There is no WN synset for this concept.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

RentedRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RentedRoom`
Description	A room (usually in a private residence, but not in a hotel or motel, and possibly in other types of structure) where a person lives, and which does not have both private kitchen and toilet facilities.
Super-classes	TemporaryLodgings^c SingleResidenceUnit^c Room^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rented^c

Renting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Renting`
Description	Renting is the initiation phase of a period of renting an object (a ''RentingState'') - the part where the rental agreement is reached. NOTE: In some cases, the Renting may be coordinated with a 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething', as in hiring a taxicab, where the renter directly uses the cab. To distinguish cases of renting where there is a transfer of possession, a subtype should be created. This type includes the Action from both perspectives - that of the owner of the property and also from that of the person gaining temporary use or possession. This can be used for the Act of making a rental agreement - the actual renting Actions (of which this is the starting part) continue until the lease is terminated (after all renewals). Cyc: A specialization of both #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights and #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights. Each instance of #$Renting is an event during which one agent grants to another agent the use of an object (owned or controlled by the first agent) for a period of time, in exchange for some remuneration. The schedule of payment may vary, depending upon the rental period, type of object involved, type of usage granted, and/or other considerations. The agent providing the object to rent is related to the instance of #$Renting by the predicate #$fromPossessor (q.v.); the agent paying to use the object is related to the instance of #$Renting by the predicate #$toPossessor (q.v.). Those agents enter into an #$Agreement (q.v.). Examples of #$Renting might include: Fred renting a particular apartment last year; Jane renting a car all this week; Jack renting a canoe on Saturday morning. SUMO: Giving money to the owner of an Object in exchange for the right to use the Object for a fixed time period. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' and sense 3 and 4 of 'rent' in WordNet, being only the part where equipment or real estate or rights is rented or leased; for hiring a person to do services use 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' or 'EmployeeHiring' in WordNet: 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?')
Super-classes	MakingSomethingAvailable^c MakingAnAgreement^c TemporaryChangeOfUserRights^c MoneyTransaction^c ServiceEvent^c BeginningOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRented^op some (Resource^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c) causes^op some RentingState^c
Sub-classes	HiringAndRenting^c

RentingForPersonalUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RentingForPersonalUse`
Description	'RentingForPersonalUse' is a subtype of 'Renting' in which the person providing the thing rented no longer has control of the thing rented the renter 'possesses' the thing rented). This differs from 'HiringAndRenting' in which the renter both hires a person and his/her equipment to perform a task where the owner of the equipment controls the equipment while it is being used. The prototypical latter case is 'HiringaTaxiCab'. A borderline subype of this is ''RentingSpaceInaHOC'' such as renting an apartment or storefront. The ''Owner'' still ''owns'' the property, but the renter has ''Possession'' - the owner cannot use the property without permission of the renter. SUMO: Giving money to the owner of an Object in exchange for the right to use the Object for a fixed time period. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' in WordNet, being only the part where equipment or real estate or rights is rented or leased; for hiring a person to do services use 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' or 'EmployeeHiring' in WordNet: 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?')
Super-classes	RentingState^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Possession^c
Sub-classes	RentingSpaceInaHOC^c RentingaVehicle^c

RentingOutProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RentingOutProperty`
Description	'RentingOutProperty''is the Action of ''Renting'' from the perspective of the ''LandOwner'' who leases out the property to some other Agent. `Includes verb senses 1 of 'rent' in WordNet: 1. (2) rent, lease - (let for money; 'We rented our apartment to friends while we were abroad') 2. (2) lease, let, rent - (grant use or occupation of under a term of contract; "I am leasing my country estate to some foreigners")`
Super-classes	RentingState^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRented^op some RealEstate^c

RentingSpaceInaHOC^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RentingSpaceInaHOC

Description

''RentingSpaceInaHOC'' is a 'RentingForPersonalUse' in which the thing rented is some ''SpaceInaHOC'' (space in a 'human occupational constrution') such as an apartment or storefront or office space or a rental house.

       Corresponds to *part* (for space in a building) of verb sense 3 of 'rent' in WordNet:
         3. (1) lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take -
            (engage for service under a term of contract;
            'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car';
            'Shall we take a guide in Rome?')

Super-classes RentingForPersonalUse^c

RentingState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RentingState`
Description	Renting is the ''PersistentState'' consisting of the period during which a renter has ''Possession'' and use of something that was the object of a ''Renting'' agreement. WN does not distinguish between the making of the reantal agreement and the period of rental. This is the period of rental, which uses many of the same labels. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' and sense 3 and 4 of 'rent' in WordNet, being only the part where equipment or real estate or rights is rented or leased; for hiring a person to do services use 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' or 'EmployeeHiring' in WordNet: 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?')
Super-classes	Possession^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRented^op some (Resource^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	RentingOutProperty^c RentingForPersonalUse^c

RentingaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RentingaVehicle`
Description	''RentingaVehicle'' is a 'RentingForPersonalUse' in which the thing rented is a ''RoadVehicle'' of some kind, often an automobile but possibly a van or truck. The thing rented does not come with the services of any Person, e.g. a driver. Hiring a bus and driver not an instance.
Super-classes	RentingForPersonalUse^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRented^op some RoadVehicle^c

ReopeningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReopeningSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reopen' in WordNet: 1. (3) reopen - (open again or anew; 'They reopened the theater')`
Super-classes	Recurrence^c OpeningSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some OpeningSomething^c

Reordering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reordering`
Description	''Rearranging'' is an ''Arranging'' of something that was in some linear order, and has the component objects mixed to place them in a different 'order'. `Corresponds only approximately to verb sense 1 of 'reorder' (this is for a Group of physical objects) in WordNet: 1. (1) reorder - (assign a new order to)`
Super-classes	Rearranging^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value LineOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	ShufflingCards^c

Reorganizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reorganizing`
Description	This ''Reorganizing'' is a ''Modification'' of some Organization or subunit of an Organization, and does not create a new Organization 'de novo'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reorganize' and part of noun sense in WordNet: 1. (3) reorganize, reorganise, shake up - (organize anew; 'We must reorganize the company if we don't want to go under') WN noun 'reorganization': 2. reorganization - (an extensive alteration of the structure of a corporation or government; 'after the takeover there was a thorough reorganization'; 'the reorganization was prescribed by federal bankruptcy laws')`
Super-classes	Modification^c Organizing^c ReorganizingaGroup^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value FoundingAnOrganization^c hadObjectModified^op value Organization^c

ReorganizingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReorganizingaGroup`
Description	A ''ReorganizingaGroup'' is an ''OrganizingaGroup'' in whih the Grooup was previously organized, and is restructured in some different way. This is more than just changing one Person in the group. This is not for ''Organizatons''. Forreorganizinga an ''Organization'' use subtype ''Reorganizing''> `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reorganize' in Wordnet: 1. (3) reorganize, reorganise, shake up - (organize anew; 'We must reorganize the company if we don't want to go under')`
Super-classes	OrganizingaGroup^c RedoingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value OrganizingaGroup^c
Sub-classes	Reorganizing^c

Reorienting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reorienting`
Description	This can be a movement of one or more SolidObjects. At least some part of an object or whole objects are moved to some new point in space. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'reorient' in WordNet: 3. reorient - (set or arrange in a new or different determinate position; 'Orient the house towards the South')`
Super-classes	Translocation^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op min 1
Sub-classes	SkewingAnObject^c AligningObjectsInaRow^c

RepairFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepairFacility`
Description	A physical location, which may be a building or yard, or part of a building, where some Organization repairs devices. The Organization may be commercial or not. Dedicated repair buildings such as auto repair facilities, would be a subtype.
Super-classes	CommercialFacility^c ServiceFacility^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value RepairingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Hangar^c VehicleRepairFacility^c

RepairingAirplanes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepairingAirplanes`
Description	''RepairingAirplanes'' is a ''RepairingEvent'' where various forms of servicing or repair is performed on ''Airplane''s.
Super-classes	RepairingEvent^c ModifyingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value Hangar^c hadObjectRepaired^op value Airplane^c

RepairingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepairingEvent`
Description	An Event in which a functional object that is malfunctioning is modified so that the malfunctioning component functions properly. An instance of this type implies that the Object that is repaired was in some way damaged - an implication not yet formalized. SUMO: The Class of Processes where the agent makes a modification or series of modifications to an Object that is not functioning as intended so that it works properly. In Cyc termed 'SimpleReparing': Cyc: The collection of events in which something gets fixed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fix' and verb sense 1 of 'repair' and noun sense 1 of 'repair' in Wordnet: 1. (9) repair, mend, fix, bushel, doctor, furbish up, restore, touch on - (restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken; 'She repaired her TV set'; 'Repair my shoes please') WN noun 'repair': 1. (5) repair, fix, fixing, fixture, mend, mending, reparation - (the act of putting something in working order again)
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c PurposefulAction^c MaintainingAnObject^c RestoringEvent^c ImprovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	Darning^c RepairingMotorVehicles^c RepairingAirplanes^c TherapeuticProcess^c MendingFabric^c
In domain of	hadObjectRepaired^op

RepairingMotorVehicles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepairingMotorVehicles`
Description	''RepairingMotorVehicles'' is a ''RepairingEvent'' specifically directed at repairing some malfunction or wear or damage (including to appearance) in some form of ''RoadVehicle''
Super-classes	RepairingEvent^c ModifyingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRepaired^op some (RoadVehicle^c or TransportationDeviceType^c)

RepairingProcess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepairingProcess

Description

The Process corresponding to a RepairingEvent.

    Corresponds to the process component of sense 1 of the verb 'repair'
      and of sense 1 of the verb 'fix' 
    in WordNet:
     1. (11) repair, mend, fix, bushel, doctor, furbish up, restore, touch up -
       (restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or
         broken; 'She repaired her TV set'; 'Repair my shoes please')

Super-classes TakingCareOfSomethingProcess^c

Repairman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repairman`
Description	A 'Repairman' is a ''Mender'' who performs repairs as a primary occupation, often employed by some company that sells the product s/he repairs, but possibly by an independent company that is skilled at repairing certain types of products or structures, such as subtype ''AutoMechanic'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'repairman' in WordNet: 1. (1) repairman, maintenance man, service man - (a skilled worker whose job is to repair things)`
Super-classes	Mender^c
Restrictions	isSkilledAt^op value RepairingEvent^c
Sub-classes	AutoMechanic^c

RepayingWithMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepayingWithMoney`
Description	Repaying all or part of some ''Debt'' by transferring money.
Super-classes	PayingWithMoney^c MoneyTransfer^c RepaymentEvent^c MoneyTransaction^c
Sub-classes	AmortizingaDebt^c

RepaymentEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepaymentEvent`
Description	A 'RepaymentEvent' is 'NecessaryFutureSituation' in which one agent repays something that is owed to another agent. This is necessary to satisfy a 'Debt' Obligation, or to end an 'Owing' state. Repaying all or part of some ''Debt'' by transferring something valuable, which can be property, any asset, or money. A complete ''Repaying'' would be to 'satisfy' a Debt - this is not yet included. ('refunding' should be a subtype, but is not yet @rev1393 included) NOTE restriction 'isCausedBy' might also be expressed as 'wasCausedBy' if it is applied to instances of ''RepaymentEvent''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'repay' and both noun senses of 'repayment' in WordNet: 1. (7) refund, return, repay, give back - (pay back; 'Please refund me my money') 2. (1) requite, repay - (make repayment for or return something) WN 'repayment': 1. (1) refund, repayment - (the act of returning money received previously) 2. repayment, quittance - (payment of a debt or obligation)
Super-classes	Paying^c NecessaryFutureSituation^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some (Owing^c or Debt^c)
Sub-classes	RepayingWithMoney^c

Repeated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repeated`
Description	''Repeated'' is the attribute of something that is the object of a ''Repeating'' Action. . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'repeated' in Wordnet: 1. (6) perennial, recurrent, repeated - (recurring again and again; 'perennial efforts to stipulate the requirements')
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

RepeatedEventType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepeatedEventType`
Description	A specialization of #$FirstOrderCollection (q.v.) whose instances are collections of #$Events. Each instance of #$RepeatedEventType is a collection of events whose instances tend to come in series or to occur at more or less regular intervals. These series or recurrences might be the result of natural phenomena (e.g. the spoutings of Old Faithful), human convention (e.g. the occurrence of #$BaseballInnings within a given game), or a combination of both (e.g. the annual celebration of Oktoberfest). An important specialization of this collection is #$RegularlyRepeatedEventType. See also #$IterativeEvent and #$IterativeEventType.
Super-classes	EventType^c
Sub-classes	RegularlyRepeatedEventType^c
Members	Twittering Harassment ReiterativeEventSeries Chirping Hiccup Oppressing Flickering BroadcastSeries StrikingRepeatedly Tormenting CyclicEventSeries HeartBeating EventSeries Womanizing Hazing StreakOfEvents Persecuting BicycleRacing RidingaBicycle Halitosis ActionSeries

Repeatedly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repeatedly`
Description	''Repeatedly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that action is performed multiple times (more than three times) over some time interval. `WN adverb 'repeatedly': in WordNet: 1. (10) repeatedly - (several times; 'it must be washed repeatedly')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Regularly^c Frequently^c

Repeating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repeating`
Description	A 'Repeating' is a Recurrence (an Event of a type that has occurred previously), in which the main actor is the same as that of the previous Event. 'The perp repeated his offense as soon as he was released.'; 'She repeated her beautiful performance every night for a year'. 'The engine surge repeated every few minutes'. For repeating Events that are not actions by the same agent, use the parent type 'Recurrence'. For the act of repeating a statement, use the subtype 'Restating'. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'repeat' and part of noun sense 1 of 'repetition' in WordNet: WN 'repeat' 1. (33) repeat, reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell - (to say, state, or perform again; 'She kept reiterating her request') 2. (13) duplicate, reduplicate, double, repeat, replicate - (make or do or perform again; 'He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick') WN noun 'repetition' 1. (2) repeat, repetition - (an event that repeats; 'the events today were a repeat of yesterday's')
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c Recurrence^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recurring^c
Sub-classes	Imitating^c Flickering^c Restating^c

Repelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repelling`
Description	A ''Repelling'' is a very general type of Event that is a subtype of ''AffectingSomething'' for the very general case where a 'Something Moving' (PhysicalObject, wave) moving toward a Physicalobject impinges on the PhysicalObject, and due to interaction with that PhysicalObject, the 'Something Moving' either stops or changes its direction of motion. NOTE that this is not necessarily an Action by an agent,and includes all subevents from the approach of a 'Something Moving', its interaction with the PhysicalObject, and the motion of the 'Something Moving' afer the ineraction. The thing approaching is the subject of a ''MovingTowardSomething'' subevent. This is not exactly the same as 'impeding' motion, because it includes as subtypes causing a moving object to bounce back, or refecting a wave, so that the motion of the object may (but may not) continue,in a different direction from the original. Th closest corresponds synset in WN is sense 1 of 'repel' in WordNet, but this concept includes only physical effects, and does not include any sense of fighting in WordNet: 1. (9) repel, drive, repulse, force back, push back, beat back - ( cause to move back by force or influence; 'repel the enemy'; 'push back the urge to smoke'; 'beat back the invaders')
Super-classes	ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c Interacting^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value MovingTowardSomething^c
Sub-classes	Reflecting^c Echoing^c Rebounding^c

Repercussion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repercussion`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'repercussion' in WordNet: 1. repercussion, reverberation - (a remote or indirect consequence of some action; 'his declaration had unforeseen repercussions'; 'reverberations of the market crash were felt years later')`
Super-classes	Effect^c Action^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)

Repertoire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repertoire`
Description	This ''Repertoire''is the Group of all the specific types of 'performance' that some artist or group is able to perform for an audience. NOTE: to specify that a ''Repertoire'' is an ability of some specific ''IntelligentAgent'' (person or GroupOfPeople) the 'hasCapability'' restriction can point to only one agent. Thus if more than one performer (individual or Group) has the same ''Repertoire'', each specific instance of ''Repertoire'' needs to be given a unique identifying label. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'repertoire' in WordNet: 2. repertoire, repertory - (a collection of works (plays, songs, operas, ballets) that an artist or company can perform and do perform for short intervals on a regular schedule)
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	isaCapabilityOf^op exactly 1 hasComponentElement^op some (MusicalComposition^c or DramaticPerformance^c or EntertainmentPerformance^c or Ballet^c or Song^c)

Repetitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repetitive`
Description	'Repetitive' is an AttributeValue of Events that occur at least twice, perhaps more often. `NOTE: the sense of 'redundant' aplying to assertions that are logically implied is covered by the parent attribute ''Redundant''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'repetitive' in WordNet: 2. repetitive, repetitious - (characterized by repetition; 'repetitive movement')`
Super-classes	Redundant^c
Sub-classes	Insistent^c Monotonous^c

Repetitiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repetitiveness`
Description	''Repetitiveness'' is a ''PersistentState'' in which some Agent is stating the same ideas of act more than once, using the same or different words. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'repetitiveness' in WordNet: 1. repetitiveness, repetitiousness - (verboseness resulting from excessive repetitions)`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op some Repetitive^c

Rephrasing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rephrasing`
Description	'Rephrasing'' is a subtype of ''ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother'' in which one Phrase of any length is changed to another Phrase for any reason, often to make some point clearer, but possibly to avoid repetition or improve the literary quality. The resulting Phrase is called a ''Restatement'' (synonym for 'paraphrase') `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rephrase' in WordNet: 1. (1) paraphrase, rephrase, reword - (express the same message in different words) WN noun 'paraphrase': 1. (2) paraphrase, paraphrasis - (rewording for the purpose of clarification) WN noun 'rewording': 1. rewording, recasting, rephrasing - (changing a particular word or phrase)`
Super-classes	ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother^c RedoingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c produces^op value Restatement^c hadChangedEntity^op value Phrase^c
Sub-classes	ReexpressingSomething^c

Replaceable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Replaceable`
Description	''Replaceable'' is the attribute of some PhysicalObject that can be used for some function and when no longer as useful as when new, can be discarded and replaced by another object of the same type. This is for inanimate objects, not for Organisms. (no 'human resources') `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'replaceable' in Wordnet: 1. replaceable - (capable of being replaced) WN adj 'renewable': 2. renewable - (capable of being renewed; replaceable; 'renewable energy such as solar energy is theoretically inexhaustible')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Disposable^c

ReplacingAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReplacingAir`
Description	A ''ReplacingAir'' in an action in which some ''AirObject'' is replaced by another ''AirObject''- as occurs in ''Ventiating''.
Super-classes	Exchange^c ReplacingSomething^c Motion^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value AirObject^c isPerformedBy^op value GenericAgent^c

ReplacingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReplacingSomething`
Description	''ReplacingSomething'' is used the transitive Action of some Person putting some inanimate object (physical or abstract) to use for some purpose in place of a different object that had been used for that purpose; for replacing a ''Person'' that performs some roles or position or function with another Person, the subtype ''ReplacingaPerson'' can be used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'replace' in WordNet: 1. (26) replace - (substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected); 'He replaced the old razor blade'; 'We need to replace the secretary that left a month ago'; 'the insurance will replace the lost income'; 'This antique vase can never be replaced')`
Super-classes	ComingLater^c ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Sub-classes	Preempting^c Automating^c ReplacingAir^c ReplacingaPerson^c

ReplacingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReplacingaPerson`
Description	A ''ReplacingaPerson'' in an action in which one Person is 'replaced' by another Person (not by a machine) in some capacity, often a working position or function, but also for sports teams. (substitute a person or thing for NOTE: this is for replacing or substituting one person with another, not for inanimate objects. The Person who is the substitute is pointed to by ''isPerformedBy'' (linguistically 'by') and the Person replaced is pointed to by ''hasDirectObject''. NOTE that the direct object of this Action is the thing that has been replaced J replaced Jack with Jill' - Jack is the direct Object, Jill is the indirect object The Object or Person that newly performs the function ('Jill' in the above example) consequently then performs the intransitive ''Supplanting'' Action. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'replacing' in WordNet: 1. (1) replacement, replacing - (the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another; 'replacing the star will not be easy')
Super-classes	Exchange^c ReplacingSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value SucceedingAnAgent^c hasDirectObject^op value Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

ReplayingaRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReplayingaRecording`
Description	''ReplayingaRecording'' can be a playing of an audio or video recording. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'replay' in WordNet: 1. play back, replay - (reproduce (a recording) on a recorder; 'The lawyers played back the conversation to show that their client was innocent') WN noun 'replay' (broader, not just for television): 2. replay, action replay - ((television) showing again some action (especially sports action) that has been recorded on video tape)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c DisplayingSomething^c InformationBearingThing^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value PlayingaVideoRecording^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value PlayingaMusicRecording^c requiresResource^op value Recording^c

ReplenishingaSupply^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReplenishingaSupply`
Description	''ReplenishingaSupply'' is an Action in which an Agent adds back some quantity of material (a PhysicalObject, which could be some quantity of a substance or some number of objects) in order to restore a partly or completely exhausted `NOTE: WN gloss indicates 'fill' but this can be used for replenishing that does not completely fill a reservoir for a Supply. For refilling use subtype 'RefillingaContainer'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'replenish' in WordNet: 1. (6) replenish, refill, fill again - (fill something that had previously been emptied; 'refill my glass, please')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op some Supply^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value ConsumingSomething^c
Sub-classes	RefillingaContainer^c

Report^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Report`
Description	An AbstractText that describes some Event, including Events consisting of multiple subevents,such as a scientific study, or a study of an accident or situation. The difference of a report from a history is in the narrow focus of a Report on some one Event, not on a series of Events related to some Object. A Report is supposed to be objective and factual, but may contain errors of fact. A Report may be verbal, so it does not necessarily have a physical document to represent it; when there is a physical document, that document is a 'ReportDocument'. Each Report is created by some 'Reporting' Event. SUMO: A relatively brief FactualText, often it describes the findings of a study or experiment, or a series of observations.. Includes parts (the abstract text) of noun senses 2 and 3 of 'report' and senses 2 and 4 of 'account' in WordNet: WN 'account' 2. (212) report, account - (the act of informing by verbal report; 'he heard reports that they were causing trouble'; 'by all accounts they were a happy couple') 4. (69) report, news report, story, account, write up - (a short account of the news; 'the report of his speech'; 'the story was on the 11 o'clock news'; 'the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious')
Super-classes	FactualText^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Reporting^c
Sub-classes	Article^c Anecdote^c NewsReport^c ResearchReport^c

ReportDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReportDocument`
Description	Every 'ReportDocument' is an instance of 'Document-Physical', a PhysicalObject. This is a textual document describing some Event, which may be any kind of Event, such as a simple interaction between two people, an auto accident, or an Event consisting of multiple subevents such as an investigation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'report' in WordNet: 1. (415) report, study, written report - (a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale")`
Super-classes	WrittenCommunication^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only Report^c
Sub-classes	AuditReport^c

Reported^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reported`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reported' in Wordnet: 1. (2) reported - (made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account; 'his reported opinion'; 'the reported findings')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Reporting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reporting`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents instances of 'DescribingSomething' in which the person doing the describing has done some form of investigation of the topic, not merely a casual description or an eyewitness account. The descriptions provided by newspaper reporters are almost all of this type, as are research reports in published journals and at conferences. This is the action of creating and delivering the report, not the report itself (not a physical nor an abstract text). The abstract report produced in a Reporting event is a 'Report'; if it is also represented in a physical document, that document is a 'ReportDocument'. CYC: A specialization of #$Inform-CommunicationAct. In each instance of #$Reporting, some agent imparts collected information to some other agent(s). Includes Sense 13 of 'report' in RHW: 13. to relate, as what has been learned by observation or investigation. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'report' in Wordnet: 1. (64) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') 2. (52) report - (announce as the result of an investigation, or announce something to the proper authorities; 'Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city'; 'The team reported significant advances in their research')
Super-classes	DescribingSomething^c Informing^c ServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Report^c
Sub-classes	ReportingToaManager^c ReportingNews^c

ReportingNews^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReportingNews`
Description	''ReportingNews'' is the Action of professional journalists - print, television, radio or web-based - who disseminate to the public information they have learned and think worthy of attention Includes Sense 13 of 'report' in RHW: 13. to relate, as what has been learned by observation or investigation. The prmary sense here includes the narrow sense 5 of 'report' in WordNet (being responsible for a particular topic): in WordNet: 5. (1) report, cover - (be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism; 'Snow reported on China in the 1950's'; 'The cub reporter covered New York City') WN But journalists do other things as well, so this includes senses 1 and 2 WN Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'report' in Wordnet. 1. (64) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') 2. (52) report - (announce as the result of an investigation, or announce something to the proper authorities; 'Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city'; 'The team reported significant advances in their research')
Super-classes	Reporting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Journalist^c produces^op some Report^c

ReportingToaManager^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReportingToaManager`
Description	''ReportingToaManager'' is the Action of a subordinate (a member of a ''Personnel'' group) who may or must take instructions or orders from a ''Manager'', and who describes the activities or planned acivities relevant to his/her ''JobSituation''. `Sense 13 of 'report' in RHW: 13. to relate, as what has been learned by observation or investigation. Includes verb sense 1 of 'report' in Wordnet: 1. (64) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental')`
Super-classes	Reporting^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Report^c hadRecipient^op some Manager^c

Repository^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repository`
Description	A ''Repository'' is a ''Facility-Generic'' where things are stored so as to be accessible for use. The things stored can be Objects, substances or abstract things such as money or information. In the case of information, it can be 'accessed'. (use ''AccessingaConceptualWork'') `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'repository' in WordNet: 1. (2) depository, deposit, depositary, repository - (a facility where things can be deposited for storage or safekeeping)`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c StorageEntity^c
Sub-classes	Archive^c Storehouse^c TreasureRoom^c

RepossessingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepossessingSomething`
Description	''RepossessingSomething'' is a ''TakingSomething'' where the Something repossessed is something that was loaned or otherwise taken from the Person doing the repossessing, and legally belongs to the Agent doing the ''RepossessingSomething''. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'repossess' in WordNet: 1. reclaim, repossess - (claim back) 2. take back, repossess - (regain possession of something) WN noun 'repossession': 1. repossession - (the action of regaining possession (especially the seizure of collateral securing a loan that is in default))`
Super-classes	TakingSomethingPhysical^c Obtaining^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some ValuableThing^c isPerformedBy^op value LegalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Foreclosing^c

Representation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Representation`
Description	A 'Representation' is any Entity - Object or Event, created by or performed by a ''IntentionalAgent'' that is intended to represent something other than itself. An Event can be a 'Representation' in several ways; a play or skit may represent some real-world event; a bee's dance may represent the location of food. More common representations are physical objects such as linguistic objects that represent some words or conceptual content. AbstractTexts are also representations of things, and mathematical equations may be representations of Physical phenomena. This is very broad, and most uses of the term 'representation' will be for more specific subtypes. For a Representation that is an Object, use 'RepresentationObject'. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'representation' and verb sense 1 of 'represent' in WordNet. 2. (10) representation - (a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something)`
Super-classes	Sign^c Artifact-Generic^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	SignLanguageSignAction^c RepresentationObject^c

RepresentationObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepresentationObject`
Description	A 'RepresentationObject' is a 'Representation' that is an Object. This includes physical and abstract Objects. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'representation' in WordNet: 2. (10) representation - (a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something)`
Super-classes	Representation^c
Sub-classes	SymbolicThing^c StageOrSet^c InformationObject^c

Representational^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Representational`
Description	''Representational'' is a property of things that represent other things. Signs, linguistic objects, images, and many other. Things that are the subject of a 'represents' relation will generally have this property, even if it is not asserted. `Subtypes may be more useful, specifying attributes of things that represent specific things. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'representational' including anything that is a sign or representation, such as linguistic objects, in WordNet: 1. (2) representational - ((used especially of art) depicting objects, figures,or scenes as seen; 'representational art'; 'representational images')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Naturalistic^c

Representative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Representative`
Description	A 'Representative' is a Person who interacts with other people on behalf of some third party. Includes noun senses 1,2, and 3 of 'representative' in WordNet: WN Sense 2 is the subtype ''Spokesperson''; WN Sense 3 is a subtypes represented by ''USRepresentative''. 1. (8) representative - (a person who represents others) 2. (4) spokesperson, interpreter, representative, voice - (an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose; 'the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government') 3. (4) congressman, congresswoman, representative - (a member of the United States House of Representatives)
Super-classes	Helper^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value AssigningAgentToRole^c wasTheAgentInAction^op value RepresentingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Spokesperson^c Delegate^c Intermediary^c Agent^c UnionRepresentative^c USRepresentative^c

RepresentingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepresentingAnAgent`
Description	'RepresentingAnAgent' is an Action in which one Person serves to assist an other agent (person, Organization) by performing some communications actions for the benefit of the agent being represented. This is only for representing one agent to another agent, and is not any other acting on behalf of an agent without communicating to another agent; for example, driving a vehicle in the employment of some company is not an instance of 'RepresentingAnAgent'; being a sales representative in perosn-to-person transactions is an instance. This includes diplomatic, commercial, and individual representations. Every instance of a lawyer representing a client is an instance of this type; every elected official representing his constituents is performing a 'RepresentingAnAgent'. NOTE that the usage 'I represent the silent majority' is actually represented(!!) in COSMO by the state 'Typifying'. That usage example seems to be misplaced in COSMO, and that sense is more clearly represented by 'typify'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'represent' in WordNet: 4. (11) represent - (be a delegate or spokesperson for; represent somebody's interest or be a proxy or substitute for, as of politicians and office holders representing their constituents, or of a tenant representing other tenants in a housing dispute; 'I represent the silent majority')
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c
Sub-classes	RepresentingaSchool^c RepresentingaGroup^c RepresentingaPerformer^c

RepresentingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepresentingSomething`
Description	A ''RepresentingSomething'' is a broad range of ''Action''s performed by a ''VisibleThing'' (a PhysicalObject or some Action of a a visible ''PhysicalObject'' or ''Sign'', abstract or Physical) that can be perceived and interpreted as a 'Sign' of some kind - an entity referring to something other than the Sign itself, that is intended by some ''IntentionalAgent'' (if the creator of the inanimate object or performer of the Action) to point to something other than the Agent, or to produce another ''Sign'' and thus bring the referenced thing to the mind of another ''IntentionalAgent'' (for any purpose). This is distinguished from the more generic ''Sign'' by the intention of the agent either (1) performing the Action that is the ''Sign'' doing the representing, or (2) creating the Object that is the ''Sign''. Includes verb sense 2 and part of sense 3 of 'represent' in WordNet: 2. (30) typify, symbolize, symbolise, stand for, represent - (express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol; 'What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?') 3. (14) represent - (be representative or typical for; 'This period is represented by Beethoven') WN verb 'stand for': 2. (3) mean, intend, signify, stand for - (denote or connote; ''maison' means 'house' in French'; 'An example sentence would show what this word means') WN noun ' representation': 10. representation - (an activity that stands as an equivalent of something or results in an equivalent)
Super-classes	Sign^c Action^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value VisibleThing^c isaRepresentationOf^op only owl:Thing^c produces^op some (Representation^c or Action^c or VisibleThing^c or Sign^c or ObjectType^c or ActionType^c or SignType^c)
Sub-classes	Imaging^c PersonifyingSomething^c BeingAnEquivalent^c Miming^c EmbodyingSomething^c

RepresentingaConstituency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepresentingaConstituency`
Description	''RepresentingaConstituency'' is a type of 'RepresentingAnAgent' in which the 'Agent' is a ''Constituency'' - the people represented by an ''ElectedOfficial''.
Super-classes	RepresentingaGroup^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some Constituency^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some ElectedOfficial^c

RepresentingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepresentingaGroup`
Description	''RepresentingaGroup'' is a type of 'RepresentingAnAgent' in which the 'Agent' is a ''CollectiveAgent'' - usually a GroupOfPeople or an Organization..
Super-classes	RepresentingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Delegate^c hadAgentHelped^op some CollectiveAgent^c
Sub-classes	RepresentingaUnion^c RepresentingaConstituency^c

RepresentingaPerformer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepresentingaPerformer`
Description	''RepresentingaPerformer'' is a type of 'RepresentingAnAgent' in which the 'Agent' is a ''Artist-Performer'' - a Person or a ''GroupOfPeople''.
Super-classes	RepresentingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some Artist-Performer^c
Sub-classes	BookingaGig^c

RepresentingaSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepresentingaSchool`
Description	''RepresentingaSchool'' is a ''RepresentingAnAgent'' Action in which some Person or Team from one school competes with a Team from another school in some form of competition - sports, debating, chess, or any other.
Super-classes	RepresentingAnAgent^c Competing^c

RepresentingaUnion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepresentingaUnion`
Description	''RepresentingaUnion'' is a type of 'RepresentingAnAgent' in which the 'Agent' represented is a ''LaborUnion''.
Super-classes	RepresentingaGroup^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some LaborUnion^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some UnionRepresentative^c

Repression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repression`
Description	This sense of 'Repression' is the most general, including the restraint of people's actions by any means, including gentle persuasion or reward. For forceable 'repression' use subtype ''SubduingByForce''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'repression' in WordNet: 3. repression - (the act of repressing; control by holding down; 'his goal was the repression of insolence')`
Super-classes	ManagementEvent^c ControllingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Quelling^c SubduingByForce^c

Repressive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repressive`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'repressive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inhibitory, repressive, repressing - (restrictive of action; 'a repressive regime'; 'an overly strict and inhibiting discipline')`
Super-classes	Restrictive^c

Reprint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reprint`
Description	One copy of some ''Publication'' that was produced by a ''Reprinting'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reprint' in WordNet: 1. (1) reissue, reprint, reprinting - (a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale)`
Super-classes	Publication^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some Reprinting^c

Reprinting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reprinting`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reprint' in WordNet: 1. (1) reprint, reissue - (print anew; 'They never reprinted the famous treatise')`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c Printing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Reprint^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Printing^c

Reproaching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reproaching`
Description	Each ''Reproaching'' is a ''Criticizing'' by one Person directed at the Person being criticized (a ''BadGuy''), asserting that some observed behavior is improper and recommending explicitly or implicitly that the Person reproached not perform that action again. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reproach' in WordNet: 1. (2) reproach, upbraid - (express criticism towards; 'The president reproached the general for his irresponsible behavior')`
Super-classes	Criticizing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some UndesirableBehavior^c wasaResponseToEvent^op value Offending^c produces^op some Recommendation^c hasIntendedAudience^op value Offender^c

Reproductive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reproductive

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reproductive' in Wordnet:
         1. generative, procreative, reproductive - (producing new life or offspring;
           'the reproductive potential of a species is its relative capacity 
           to reproduce itself under optimal conditions'; 'the reproductive or generative organs')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ReproductiveBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReproductiveBody`
Description	Reproductive structure of Organisms. Consists of an Embryonic Object and a nutritive/protective envelope. Note that this class includes seeds, spores, and FruitOrVegetables, as well as the eggs produced by Animals. `NOTE that this is not classed as a 'body part' because it is more commonly thought of as existing outside the body, though produced there.`
Super-classes	OrganismPart^c
Sub-classes	PollenGrain^c Spore^c Seed^c Fruit^c Egg^c

ReproductiveCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReproductiveCell`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reproductive cell' in WordNet: 1. reproductive cell, germ cell, sex cell - (a spermatozoon or an ovum)`
Super-classes	HaploidCell^c AnimalCell^c
Sub-classes	Gamete^c

Reptile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reptile`
Description	An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a specialization of #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Reptile is an air-breathing, cold-blooded vertebrate with a body covered by scales or bony plates. Notable specializations of #$Reptile include #$Snake, #$Lizard, and #$Turtle. Most species of #$Reptile are oviparous (see #$OviparousAnimal), but some are viviparous (see #$ViviparousAnimal). `SUMO: A ColdBloodedVertebrate having an external covering of scales or horny plates. Reptiles breathe by means of Lungs and generally lay eggs Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (1) reptile, reptilian - (any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms)`
Super-classes	ScaledAnimal^c AirBreathingVertebrate^c NonHumanAnimal^c ColdBloodedVertebrate^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	Turtle^c Crocodilian^c Lizard^c Snake^c Dinosaur^c

Republic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Republic

Description

A 'Republic' is a 'FormOfGovernment' in which the head of state is not a monarch; it is a subtype of 'Democracy', but a democracy may have a monarch as head of state.

 Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'republic' in WordNet:
  WN 'republic'
    1. (7) democracy, republic, commonwealth -- (a political system in which 
       the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them)
    2. republic - (a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch; 
       'the head of state in a republic is usually a president')

Super-classes Democracy^c

Republican^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Republican

Description

''Republican'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a 'Republic'' and the powers, structure, and functioning of a ''Republic''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'republican' in Wordnet:
           2. republican - (having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens 
             entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible 
             to them or characteristic of such government; 
             'the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union
               a republican form of government'- United States Constitution; 
               'a very republican notion'; 'so little republican and so much 
               aristocratic sentiment'- Philip Marsh; 'our republican and 
               artistic simplicity'-Nathaniel Hawthorne)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RepublicanParty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepublicanParty

Description

SUMO: One of the two major political parties in the UnitedStates. The RepublicanParty represents traditional, conservative values.

      NOTE: The party is a Type rather than individual because
       each local branch is an instance.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Republican Party' in WordNet:
          1. (1) Republican Party, GOP - (the younger of two major political parties 
             in the United States; GOP is an acronym for grand old party)

Super-classes PoliticalParty^c

RepublicanPartyMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepublicanPartyMember`
Description	A ''Republican'' is a ''Member'' of the ''RepublicanParty'' only in a broad sense - one can identify as a ''Republican'' without actually voting in a primary election or being a formal member of an organiation affiliated with a political party - closer just to being a supporter or advocate of the party or routinely voting for its candidates. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Republican' in Wordnet: 1. (8) Republican - (a member of the Republican Party)`
Super-classes	Person^c PartyInRole^c Member^c Supporter^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value RepublicanParty^c

Repudiating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repudiating`
Description	This ''Repudiating'' is for the ''Repudiating'' of a ''Person''. `NOTE: in WordNet the 'repudiating' of an assertion or belief is structured as a subtype of this, but to allow a clear logical distinction, the ''Recanting'' of a prior ''Assertion'' or ''Belief'' in COSMO is placed as a sibling subtype of ''Rejecting''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'repudiate' in WordNet: 1. (3) renounce, repudiate - (cast off or disown; 'She renounced her husband'; 'The parents repudiated their son')`
Super-classes	Rejecting^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Person^c

RepudiatingaDebt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepudiatingaDebt`
Description	' Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'repudiate' in WordNet: 3. repudiate - (refuse to recognize or pay; 'repudiate a debt')
Super-classes	Refusing^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Debt^c

Repulsive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Repulsive

Description

''Repulsive'is the attribute of an Action or Object that causes a Person observing it to feel distressed, preferring not to see such things.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'repulsive' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) abhorrent, detestable, obscene, repugnant, repulsive -
             (offensive to the mind; 'an abhorrent deed'; 
             'the obscene massacre at Wounded Knee'; 'morally repugnant customs'; 
             'repulsive behavior'; 'the most repulsive character in recent novels')

Super-classes Offensive^c

RepulsiveForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RepulsiveForce`
Description	A''RepulsiveForce'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' that causes two objects to tend to move apart unless prevented by some intervening obstacle, in which case the object whose motion is halted will exert a force or pressure on the intervening object,. This type of force is created by eletrically charged objects of the same polarity or magnetically polarized objects when poles of the same polarity are brought in proximity. `(possessing the ability to repel; NOTE: electricity and Magnetism are classified by WN as ''AttractiveForce''s, although they can be both attractive and repulsive. So this cannot be interpreted as meaning a force is only repulsive. When details are needed, this nuance can be added, and the alternatives disentangled.`
Super-classes	PhysicalForce^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value MovingApart^c
Sub-classes	CentrifugalForce^c

Reputable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reputable

Description

''Reputable'' characterizes a ''Person'' who has a ''GoodReputation'', or actions that such a Person would perform..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reputable' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) reputable - (having a good reputation; 'a reputable business'; 
             'a reputable scientist'; 'a reputable wine')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Request^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Request`
Description	The notion of a 'request' involves both the event in which a Request communication is made and the content of that communication. The content of a request can be interpreted as a combination of assertion and question: the assertion is that some information or action is desired, and the question is whether the listener will provide the information or do the action. This Type represents the request event. The content of the request is represented as 'RequestContent'. This request is generic, including computer communications to other computers. For the specifically human activity, use 'Requesting'. Includes noun sense 2 of 'request' (the action) and all three senses of verb 'request' in WordNet (verb sense 2 vold be a more specific subtype): in WordNet: WN noun 'request': 2. (4) request, asking - (the verbal act of requesting) WN verb 'request': 1. (11) request, bespeak, call for, quest - (express the need or desire for; ask for; 'She requested an extra bed in her room'; 'She called for room service') 2. (7) request - (ask (a person) to do something; 'She asked him to be here at noon'; 'I requested that she type the entire manuscript') 3. request - (inquire for (information); 'I requested information from the secretary')
Super-classes	InformationTransferEvent^c
Restrictions	hasThingRequested^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c) hasResult^op some RequestContent^c
Sub-classes	Requesting^c BlessingEvent^c

RequestContent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RequestContent`
Description	The AbstractLinguistic representation of a Request - whether a request for information, or a request to perform some action. In Cyc the content is represented as an 'Illocutionary force', but in COSMO it is merely the linguistic expression of the Request -the result of a Requesting event. Cyc: An illocutionary force associated with requests. If a communication act has this illocutionary force it is the speaker's intention to ask the listener to perform the action(s) described in his/her utterance. If the listener responds positively, s/he places him/herself under an obligation to do the indicated action. 'Speaker' and 'listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo. This Type represents the request content. The Event of making a request is represented as 'Request'. SUMO: A Sentence that expresses a request for something or that something be done. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'request' in WordNet - this does not have to be submitted to an authority, just to another agent; in WordNet: 1. (10) request, petition, postulation - (a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority)
Super-classes	InformationRequest-IBT^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Sub-classes	Question^c CommandContent^c PaymentRequestContent^c

Requesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Requesting`
Description	SUMO: A request expresses a desire that some future action be performed; often the future action is to be performed by the person to whom the Requesting is addressed, but it can also be a request for permission, in which case the future action is a 'permitting' action. Examples: the 5th Battalion requested air support from the 3rd Bomber Group; a person requests membership in some organization. Note that this class covers proposals, recommendations, suggestions, LegalAppeals, etc. COSMO note: this subtype of 'Request' is for specifically human requesting actions. This notion of requesting is specifically for people, using language. For the more generic event including computer requests, use the parent type 'Request'. For the informational content of a Request,use 'RequestContent'. Includes noun sense 2 of 'request' (the action) and all three senses of verb 'request' in WordNet (verb sense 2 vold be a more specific subtype): in WordNet: WN noun 'request': 2. (4) request, asking - (the verbal act of requesting) WN verb 'request': 1. (11) request, bespeak, call for, quest - (express the need or desire for; ask for; 'She requested an extra bed in her room'; 'She called for room service') 2. (7) request - (ask (a person) to do something; 'She asked him to be here at noon'; 'I requested that she type the entire manuscript') 3. request - (inquire for (information); 'I requested information from the secretary')
Super-classes	Request^c HumanActivity^c RequestingOrProposing^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some RequestContent^c
Sub-classes	Pleading^c PrescribingMedication^c Stipulation^c Insisting^c RequestingPayment^c Ordering^c Hitchhiking^c ApplyingForSomething^c LegalAppeal^c Petitioning^c Appeal^c InvitingAction^c AssigningAgentToRole^c SolicitationOfMoney^c RegulatingBehavior^c SummoningSomeone^c OfferingABribe^c OfferingaReward^c RequestingPermission^c

RequestingOrProposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RequestingOrProposing`
Description	This is the union of 'Requesting' and 'Proposing', a special type created to aggregate the kinds of Actions that can lead to a 'Refusing' response. This could be accomplished by a union in the description of 'Refusing', but is required only to accommodate the peculiar behaviors of the OWL utilities used, which do annoying things with that kind of union-as-object-of-a-relation
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	Proposing^c Requesting^c

RequestingPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RequestingPayment`
Description	RequestingPayment is an Action in which one Agent requests another agent to pay for some good or services, or to pay a debt. The action can be verbal,or can be accomplished by preparing a document with the request and transmitting the document to the intended recipient. Each 'RequestingPayment' creates the abstract LinguisticAssertion that is an instance of 'PaymentRequestContent'. For the Physical document representing a 'PaymentRequestContent' use 'Bill-PaymentRequest'. This action may be represented linguistically as to 'charge' or 'bill'. The WordNet noun sense 4 of 'charge' seems to also include this notion, but the WordNet gloss suggests that this is not merely an Action, but the result of the Action (to submit a 'charge'); for the abstract LinguisticAssertion (an Object) created by an instance of 'RequestingPayment' use the COSMO type 'PaymentRequestContent'' Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'charge' and sense 1 of 'bill' in WordNet: 3. (7) charge, bill - (demand payment; 'Will I get charged for this service?'; 'We were billed for 4 nights in the hotel, although we stayed only 3 nights') 4. (75) charge, billing - (request for payment of a debt; 'they submitted their charges at the end of each month')
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Restrictions	produces^op some PaymentRequestContent^c
Sub-classes	Surcharging^c LevyingaCharge^c

RequestingPermission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RequestingPermission`
Description	''RequestingPermission'' is a ''Requesting' Action in which one Agent (the requester) asks another agent (the authority) to allow the requester to perform some Action (i.e. to grant permission to perform that Action. `NOTE that although a ''Permission'' must follow a ''GrantingPermission'' Action, a ''GrantingPermission'' need not be preceded by a ''RequestingPermission'', as a Permissionmay be granted generally as a matter of policy without a specific request. However, a ''Consent'' must follow a ''RequestingPermission''`
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value GrantingPermission^c

Requirement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Requirement`
Description	A 'Requirement' is anything that is required in order to achieve a goal of some 'IntentionalAgent'. This is a broad category, and the thing required may be an Object, a Right, or a PersistentState. For'something required' that is an Object (Physical or abstract) use ''Necessity''. Includes all 3 noun senses of 'requirement' in Wordnet: 1. (19) requirement, demand - (required activity; 'the requirements of his work affected his health'; 'there were many demands on his time') 2. (18) necessity, essential, requirement, requisite, necessary - (anything indispensable; 'food and shelter are necessities of life'; 'the essentials of the good life'; 'allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions'; 'a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained') 3. (11) prerequisite, requirement - (something that is required in advance; 'Latin was a prerequisite for admission') WN noun 'must': 1. must - (a necessary or essential thing; 'seat belts are an absolute must')
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c Resource^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Necessary^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Essential^c
Sub-classes	Necessity^c Precondition^c DesiredQuantity^c

RequiringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RequiringSomething`
Description	''RequiringSomething'' is a ''PersistentState'' that makes something ''Necessary'' in order for some ''IntentionalAgent'' to accomplish some Goal. Such a situation is 'lacking' or 'missing' something ''Necessary''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'require' in WordNet: 1. (146) necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take, involve, call for, demand - (require as useful, just, or proper; 'It takes nerve to do what she did'; 'success usually requires hard work'; 'This job asks a lot of patience and skill'; 'This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice'; 'This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert'; 'This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Necessary^c

Rereading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rereading`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reread' in WordNet: 1. (3) reread - (read anew; read again; 'He re-read her letters to him')`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c Reading^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Reading^c

Rerun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rerun`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rerun' in WordNet: 1. rerun - (a program that is broadcast again; 'she likes to watch `I love Lucy' reruns')
Super-classes	BroadcastProgram^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value BroadcastProgram^c

Rescheduling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rescheduling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reschedule' in WordNet: 1. (1) reschedule - (assign a new time and place for an event; 'We had to reschedule the doctor's appointment')`
Super-classes	Scheduling^c RedoingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Scheduling^c

RescueSquad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RescueSquad`
Description	A ''RescueSquad'' is a ''Team'' whose responsibility is to perform ''Rescuing'' of people, or otherwise assist people in some Emergency. `This shold include a 'first-aid squad' but there are no definitions in WN or RHW. No sense in WN`
Super-classes	Team^c FlyingSquad^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Rescuing^c hasMember^op value Rescuer^c

Rescuer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rescuer`
Description	A ''Rescuer''is a ''Helper'' (one or a Group of people) who helps 'rescue' another agent, i.e. save another agent from a DangerousSituation (an 'Emergency') that threatens potential or certain harm. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 (only 'saver' from sense 2 is included) of 'rescuer' in WordNet: 1. savior, saviour, rescuer, deliverer - (a person who rescues you from harm or danger) 2. rescuer, recoverer, saver - (someone who saves something from danger or violence)`
Super-classes	Helper^c FirstResponder^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Rescuing^c

Rescuing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rescuing`
Description	''Rescuing'' is a 'Saving' where the thing saved is an Animal, usually a Person, and the DangerousSituation saved from is one that threatens life or serious harm (an ''Emergency''). NOTE that this is broad enough to include 'rescuing' an Organization (e.g. from bankruptcy or dissolution) and also the religous concept of ''Salvation'' (from the effects of sin). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'rescue' in WordNet: 1. (11) rescue, deliver - (free from harm or evil) WN noun rescue': 1. (3) rescue, deliverance, delivery, saving - (recovery or preservation from loss or danger; 'work is the deliverance of mankind'; 'a surgeon's job is the saving of lives')`
Super-classes	Saving^c HelpingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c or LegalAgent^c or OrganizationType^c) isPerformedBy^op some Rescuer^c finishes^op some Emergency^c
Sub-classes	Salvation^c FinancialBailout^c LifesavingAction^c

Research^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Research`
Description	Research includes both Experiment (experimental investigation) and DataAnalysis - researching a topic by looking at information sources and trying to find an answer in texts, interviews, or other information-bearing things. Reading through text sources is sometimes referred to as 'library research'; that is represented as 'DataAnalysis' in COSMO. Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationGathering and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Research is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see #$Experimenting) or building systems (see #$ResearchProject), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. Includes noun sense 2 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'research' in WordNet: 1. (47) research - - (systematic investigation to establish facts) WN verb 'research': 1. (2) research, search, explore - - (inquire into; 'the students had to research the history of the Second World War for their history project'; 'He searched for information on his relatives on the web'; 'Scientists are exploring the nature of consciousness') 2. (1) research - - (attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner; 'The student researched the history of that word')
Super-classes	Investigation^c InformationGathering^c Endeavor^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value DiscoveryEvent^c
Sub-classes	ExplorationSearch^c ResearchProject^c DelvingIntoaTopic^c Googling^c Experiment^c FieldWork^c DataAnalysis^c AppliedResearch^c

ResearchOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResearchOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$ResearchOrganization is an organization that carries out basic or applied research as its main function (or one of its main functions). A given instance of #$ResearchOrganization may or may not be a commercial, or a governmental, organization. Examples of #$ResearchOrganizations include #$UnitedStatesSpaceProgram, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory at #$IBMInc, and the Hoover Institute.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	GraduateSchool^c AcademicDepartment^c University^c

ResearchProject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResearchProject`
Description	A Project involving research - not necessarily experimental. Most ''ResearchProject''s qualify as ''Venture''s. For COSMO purposes, a ''ResearchProject'' only qualifies as a ''Venture'' if it is a ''CollaborativeProject''. To be a ''CollaborativeProject'' does not require that there be more than one resarch worker, if the project is funded by some agent other than the individual research worker. In WN a 'research project' is a form of ''scientific research''. In COSMO this is interpreted as not being necessarily experimental - it can be literature or historical or research. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'research project' in WordNet: 1. scientific research, research project - (research into questions posed by scientific theories and hypotheses)
Super-classes	Research^c Project^c
Sub-classes	AppliedResearchAndDevelopment^c CollaborativeResearchProject^c ExperimentalResearch^c

ResearchReport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResearchReport`
Description	A ''ResearchReport'' is a nonfiction ''Report'' describing the (usually new) knowledge learned from execution of a ''.Research'' Action.
Super-classes	Report^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Findings^c isTheProductOf^op value Research^c

ResearchScientist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResearchScientist`
Description	A scientist who performs ExperimentalResearch. `In WordNet this is identical to 'Researcher': in WordNet: 1. (3) research worker, researcher, investigator - (a scientist who devotes himself to doing research)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c Researcher^c
Restrictions	isSkilledAt^op value ExperimentalResearch^c

Researcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Researcher`
Description	A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation each instance of which is a person who performs research as a significant part of his or her occupation. This collection includes academicians, clinical investigators, experimental physicists, market researchers, industrial researchers, mathematicians, etc. `SUMO: The Profession of being a scientific researcher.`
Super-classes	Investigator^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Research^c
Sub-classes	SocialScientist^c ResearchScientist^c Discoverer^c Explorer^c Scientist^c

Resemblance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resemblance`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resemblance' in WordNet: 1. (7) resemblance - (similarity in appearance or external or superficial details)`
Super-classes	Alikeness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value SimilarLooking^c

Resembling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resembling

Description

The state of ''Resembling'' is a ''Similarity'' with respect to visual appearance. This is an intransitive sense for some Group that is performing a ''Resemblng''.

      Another way to express the similarity is to use one of the relations 
        ''resembles''  or ''areAlikeWRT''.
      How to relate this to ''Similar''??

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'resemble' in WordNet:
          1. (25) resemble - (appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to; 
          'She resembles her mother very much'; 'This paper resembles my own work')

Super-classes Similarity^c

Resentful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resentful`
Description	An AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing Resentment. NOTE that this is an AttributeValue, not a subtype of Person, as it is in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being resentful. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resentful' in WordNet: 1. (4) resentful - (full of or marked by resentment or indignant ill will; 'resentful at the way he was treated'; 'a sullen resentful attitude')
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bitter^c Indignant^c Jealous^c

Resentment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resentment`
Description	A Feeling of displeasure at something that causes ill will and may cause Hostility toward another Person; a Feeling in which one agent dislikes either another agent or the preferential treatment of another agent by someone else.. Cyc: Indignation, displeasure, and ill will felt about something regarded as a slight, affront, insult, or indignity. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. More specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Resentment are #$Jealousy and #$Envy. Includes verb sense 1 of 'resent' and noun sense 1 of 'resentment' in WordNet: 1. (14) resent - (feel bitter or indignant about; 'She resents being paid less than her co-workers') WN noun 'resentment': 1. (6) resentment, bitterness, gall, rancor, rancour - (a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will)
Super-classes	Dislike^c
Restrictions	causes^op some Hostility^c
Sub-classes	Jealousy^c Bitterness^c Indignation^c Grudge^c

Reservation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reservation

Description

Any kind of reservation, where one agent agrees to reserve something for another agent - airline seats, hotel rooms, merchandise.

CYC: An agreement between a person or group of people
        and a restaurant hotel etc. to have a table, room, etc ready
        for the person(s) use at a specific time.

The is not the action of reserving something, it is a type of ''Agreement'', a ''mentalObject''.

  Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'reservation' in Wordnet:
     5. reservation - (the written record or promise of an arrangement by which 
     accommodations are secured in advance)

Super-classes Agreement^c

ReserveSupply^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReserveSupply`
Description	A ''ReserveSupply'' is a quantity of anything (any object, or a quantity of time) that has bee set aside in a ''Reserving'' action, for any purpose whether or not specified when the Reserving was performed. `For time this would be an instance of ''AvailableTime''. Not clear if that would qualify intuitively as an instance of ''ObjectType'', but it is not likely to cause any logical inconsistencies. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reserve' in WordNet: 2. (1) reserve, backlog, stockpile - (something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose)`
Super-classes	Resource^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Remaining^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Reserved^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Available^c wasCreatedByEvent^op value Reserving^c

Reserved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reserved

Description

''Reserved'' is the attribute of something that is the object (patient) of a ''Reserving'' action (an object, a location, a position or right)..

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reserved' in WordNet:
           1. reserved - (set aside for the use of a particular person or party)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

ReservedSeat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReservedSeat

Description

A 'ReservedSeat' is a SeatingDevice that has been reserved for some person for some period of time, or for some Event. This can be a seat in a theater, on an airplane, on a bus, or train, or any other SeatingDevice that can be reserved. This is a Role as well as a Device. NOTE that this is interpreted as being some seat in some location, not necessarily a specific seat, since many reservations do not apply to a specific seat, as in a restaurant, In the phrase 'he took a seat', the more general 'SeatingDevice' would be the default interpretation.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seat' and sense 11 of 'place' in WordNet:
          1. (9) seat, place - - (a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane);
          'he booked their seats in advance'; 'he sat in someone else's place')

Super-classes Role^c
Place^c
SeatingDevice^c

Reserves-ArmedForces^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reserves-ArmedForces

Description

CYC: A collection of military forces belonging to some country but not as part of its regular forces.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reserves' in WordNet:
          1. (5) militia, reserves - 
             (civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army)

Super-classes ModernMilitaryOrganization^c
GovernmentMilitaryOrganization^c

Reserving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reserving`
Description	''Reserving'' is an Action in which an agent retains and does not use some resource (including time, money, effort, or a PhysicalObject) and thereby sets it aside for future use, even when the future use is not yet decided, but a ''ReserveSupply'' is created.. This type includes routine saving of money as in 'saving up for a rainy day'. The subtype ''Earmarking'' is also a retaining possession, but where the future use of the resource is already known and specified. The more specific reserving of money is subtype ''SavingMoney''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reserve' and sense 2 of 'save' in WordNet: 1. (7) reserve - (hold back or set aside, especially for future use or contingency; 'they held back their applause in anticipation') WN 'save': 2. (16) save, preserve - (to keep up and reserve for personal or special use; 'She saved the old family photographs in a drawer')
Super-classes	SavingForFutureUse^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some ReserveSupply^c causes^op some RetainingPossession^c hadThingTransferred^op some Resource^c
Sub-classes	SavingMoney^c Appropriating^c

ReservingaService^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReservingaService`
Description	''ReservingaService'' is the action of 'EngagingaWorker' where the Service to be performed is in the future and needs to be 'reserved' to be sure the worker will be available. This can be for hotel rooms, meeting or party facilities, rental cars or other rental services, airplane or train seats, seats in a theater, among others. NOTE that this is the Action of the person paying for the service; the provider who 'reserves' a room or facility or seat is a different converse correlated action (rev1515 not yet added). Also the 'reservation' (agreement' thus created is not yet represented) NOTE that the Agreement made is also called a 'reservation' or 'booking' but that sense is not distinguished in WN - @ToDo - should be added under 'Contract'. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'reserve' in WordNet (note that 'hold' seems to be for the converse correlated action of the service provider): in WordNet: 3. (1) reserve - (obtain or arrange (for oneself) in advance; 'We managed to reserve a table at Maxim's') WN nouns 'reservation': 4. (1) booking, reservation - (the act of reserving (a place or passage) or engaging the services of (a person or group); 'wondered who had made the booking') WN verb 'book': 2. (125) reserve, hold, book - (arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance; 'reserve me a seat on a flight'; 'The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family'; 'please hold a table at Maxim's')
Super-classes	EngagingaWorker^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHired^op some ServiceProvider^c

Reservist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reservist`
Description	`NOTE: WN parents include 'enlisted person' but that may not be necessarily true. Any expert who knows?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reservist' in WordNet: 1. reservist - (a member of a military reserve)`
Super-classes	MilitaryPerson^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value Reserves-ArmedForces^c

Reservoir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reservoir`
Description	A ''Reservoir'' is any large ''Supply'' intentionally laid aside or otherwise created to be used some future time. 'large' here means that it cannot easily be exhausted in a short time at the normal rate of usage - vague. `NOTE: This is a generic 'reservoir'; for a 'reservoir' that supplies water, use subtype ''WaterReservoir''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reservoir' in WordNet: 1. (2) reservoir - (a large or extra supply of something; 'a reservoir of talent')`
Super-classes	Supply^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	WaterReservoir^c

ResetButton^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResetButton

Description

A ''ResetButton'' is a button or switch or other type of ''EngineeringComponent'' that can be moved or manipulated to 'reset' (start again) some ''Device'' (electrical or mechanical). This includes buttons on electronic devices such as computers that cause the computer to 'reboot', and switches on electric panels that cause a circuit breaker to resume allowing electricity to flow through that circuit, or the button on a mechanical stopwatch that resets the time to zero, or a button on an electronic timer that similarly resets the time to zero (or to some other value), and any other component with a similar 'reset' function.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reset' in WordNet:
          1. reset - (device for resetting instruments or controls)

Super-classes EngineeringComponent^c

ResettingaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResettingaDevice`
Description	''ResettingaDevice'' is a ''SettingaDeviceState'' that occurs when a Device state has been set to some value and the Agent using the Device wants it to be set to a different state. There is only a little difference between this action and the ''SettingaDeviceState'' action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reset' in WordNet: 1. (1) reset - (set anew; 'They re-set the date on the clock')`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c SettingaDeviceState^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some SettingaDeviceState^c

Resettlement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resettlement`
Description	This ''Resettlement'' represents the transitive Action of some Group with an ability to find a place for people to live and to transport them there. This can be done by a Government agency (perhaps aginst the people's wishes), or by a charitable group, government or private, as for the resettlement of people displaced by war or natural disaster. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resettlement' in WordNet: 1. resettlement, relocation - (the transportation of people (as a family or colony) to a new settlement (as after an upheaval of some kind)) WN verb 'relocate' 2. relocate - (move or establish in a new location; "We had to relocate the office because the rent was too high")`
Super-classes	TransportationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c) causes^op value Relocation^c

ReshapingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReshapingSomething`
Description	''ReshapingSomething'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' Action that changes the Shape of a PhysicalObject after it has undergone a prior ''ShapingSomething'' Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reshape' in WordNet: 2. reshape, remold - (shape again or shape differently)`
Super-classes	RedoingSomething^c ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op some ShapingSomething^c
Sub-classes	RecastingAnObject^c

Residence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Residence`
Description	Called 'ModernHumanResidence' in Cyc: A construct containing one or more residential units. In COSO this is a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' and should have a 'front entrance' (so that the ''Backyard'' can be identified). Cyc: A specialization of both #$HumanResidence and #$ModernShelterConstruction. Each instance of #$ModernHumanResidence is a humanly constructed shelter of a modern type in which people live. Such residences are the typical dwellings in the developed world of the late 20th century and may be found in the more affluent regions of the developing world. Examples include houses in suburban 'developments', modern apartment buildings, 'modular' homes, etc. NOTE that buildings designed for temporary residents such as hotels and hospitals are included in this Type. SUMO: A Building or part of a Building which provides some accomodation for sleeping. This exact sense of 'residence' is not represented in WordNet - the closest seems to be sense 1 (though this is classified as 'an address'), and sense 2 gloss suggest that this is only for an 'important person', but is a house.: The WN synset 'living quarters, quarters' is interpreted as a living unit for one family unit (one or more people). This will be part of a ''ResidentialBuilding''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'living quarters' and noun senses 1 of 'residence' in Wordnet: 1. living quarters, quarters - (housing available for people to live in; 'he found quarters for his family"; "I visited his bachelor quarters') WN noun 'residence': 1. (11) residence, abode - (any address at which you dwell more than temporarily; 'a person can have several residences')
Super-classes	Lodging^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c PlaceOfResidence^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ResidentialLot^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ResidentialBuilding^c isaHabitatOf^op value Person^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Residing^c
Sub-classes	ResidentialBuilding^c Parsonage^c Villa^c Home^c OfficialResidence^c Convent-Residence^c Cloister^c SingleResidenceUnit^c HouseBoat^c FormerResidence^c House^c MobileHome^c Condominium^c NewResidence^c

ResidencePostalAddress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResidencePostalAddress`
Description	A ResidencePostalAddress is an AddressString which is the postal address for a residence, which also serves as an Address for the location at which the residence is. The residence must be the primary residence of the Person. A post office box number or APO is not a ResidencePostalAddress, it must be an address for a house or apartment which will allow a person to find that location.
Super-classes	PostalAddress^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only Residence^c
In range of	hasResidenceAddress^op

Resident^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resident`
Description	A ''Resident'' is a human subtype of ''Inhabitant''. Each ''Resident'' resides in some ''Place''. The ''Place'' usually specified is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' (country, state, city) but could be a house, apartment building, or residential complex, refugee camp, slum, Does 'under a bridge'count?. `This is formally for Persons who 'reside' in or 'live' in or 'inhabit' a place, but is sometimes used metaphorically for animals. Includes noun sense 1 of 'resident' and sense 1 of 'inhabitant' in WordNet: 1. (6) resident, occupant, occupier - (someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was born there) WN noun 'inhabitant': 1. (4) inhabitant, habitant, dweller, denizen, indweller - (a person who inhabits a particular place)`
Super-classes	Inhabitant^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	residesIn^op some (GeopoliticalEntity^c or Place^c or LocationType^c)
Sub-classes	Villager^c Townsman^c Squatter^c Inmate^c

Residential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Residential

Description

''Residential'' is the attribute pertaining to anything related to a ''Residence'' whether part of, used in making, serving as, or characteristically associated with a ''Residence''..

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'residential' in WordNet:
        1. (13) residential - (used or designed for residence or 
          limited to residences; 'a residential hotel'; 'a residential quarter'; 
          'a residential college'; 'residential zoning')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ResidentialBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResidentialBuilding`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstructs intended to serve as permanent residences for a large number of people, e.g. an #$ApartmentBuilding or a #$Condominium. `SUMO: A Building which provides some accomodation for sleeping. Note that this class does not cover just permanent residences, e.g. Houses and condominium and apartment buildings, but also temporary residences, e.g. hotels and dormitories. ResidentialBuildings are also distinguished from CommercialBuildings, which are intended to serve an organizational rather than a residential function.`
Super-classes	Building^c Residence^c
Sub-classes	Orphanage^c House^c Condominium^c Tenement^c HospitalBuilding^c HospiceFacility^c DuplexBuilding^c ApartmentBuilding^c TriplexBuilding^c HotelBuilding^c

ResidentialLandscaping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResidentialLandscaping`
Description	A ''ResidentialLandscaping'' is the {lants around a ''Residence''' located on a ''ResidentialLot'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landscaping' in WordNet: 2. landscaping - (a garden laid out for esthetic effect; "they spent a great deal of money on the landscaping")`
Super-classes	Garden^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some Residence^c

ResidentialLot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResidentialLot`
Description	A ''ResidentialLot'' is a ''Lot'' on which a ''ResidentialBuilding'' (a structure) is located. A vacant lot does not qualify, even if zoned for residential use. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'lot' in WordNet: 2. (101) lot - (a parcel of land having fixed boundaries; 'he bought a lot on the lake')`
Super-classes	Lot^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value ResidentialBuilding^c isTheLocationOf^op value ResidentialBuilding^c
Sub-classes	Homestead^c

ResidentsAtTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResidentsAtTime`
Description	CYC: The collection of all people living and formally residing in some geographical area or ''GeopoliticalRegion'' at a particular time. Inclusion in the population is determined by location of the residence, not by citizenship. This can be used to specify the value of the population of an area - the restriction 'hasCardinalityNumber' and the time of the count must be specified for any instance. `This is used as the domain of relation ''hasPopulationAtTime''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'population' in WordNet: 1. (27) population - (the people who inhabit a territory or state; 'the population seemed to be well fed and clothed')`
Super-classes	HumanPopulation^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c atTime^op some (DateTimeExtendedGroup^c or TimeInterval^c) hasCardinalityNumber^dp some xsd:nonNegativeInteger^c
In range of	hasPopulationAtTime^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USAresidents2016

Residing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Residing`
Description	'Residing' is the PersistentState of a Person 'Lodging' (staying overnight) at a place where one intends to sleep most frequently or to maintain as an official 'Residence' for legal or other social purposes. This is not for a short stay at a hotel or motel intended to e temporary.. For non-human animals dwelling somewhere use 'DwellingSomewhere'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'reside' and part of verb sense 1 of 'live' in WordNet: 1. (10) reside, shack, domicile, domiciliate - (make one's home in a particular place or community; 'my parents reside in Florida') WN verb 'live': 1. (133) dwell, live, inhabit - (inhabit or live in; 'People lived in Africa millions of years ago'; 'The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted'; 'this kind of fish dwells near the bottom of the ocean') WN noun 'residency': 1. residency, residence, abidance - (the act of dwelling in a place)
Super-classes	LodgingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Lodging^c
Sub-classes	Cohabitation^c LivingAlone^c

Residuals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Residuals`
Description	''Residuals'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is any one or group of payments made to a Person who helped create a work of art that is performed (live or recorded) multiple times and for which each performance generates a payment to the creators. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'residual' in WordNet: 2. residual - ((often plural) a payment that is made to a performer or writer or director of a television show or commercial that is paid for every repeat showing; 'he could retire on his residuals')`
Super-classes	PaymentAmount^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inadequate^c

Residue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Residue`
Description	A film of substance remaining after some event that removes most of the starting material. Most commonly, this is used to refer to remainders after evaporation, but the subtype 'Ashes' is part of the included meaning. `@ToDo: the restriction is for solids after evaporation - should be used only in a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'residue' in WordNet: 1. (3) residue - (matter that remains after something has been removed)`
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value SheetLike^c
Sub-classes	Dew^c Ashes^c Soot^c

ResidueObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResidueObject`
Description	A film of substance remaining after some event that removes most of the starting material. Most commonly, this is used to refer to remainders after evaporation, but the subtype 'Ashes' is part of the included meaning. `This is an Object - for the coresponding substance use ''Residue''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'residue' in WordNet: 1. (3) residue - (matter that remains after something has been removed)`
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Residue^c hasShape^op value SheetLike^c
Sub-classes	Sediment^c

Resignation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resignation

Description

The stage of 'despair'' in which a Person loses all hope for something wished for, decides to tolerate it rather than resist it, and is 'resigned' to whatever fate that brings.

      CYC 'Defeatedness-Feeling':
         The feeling of despair and loss one feels when
           defeated or overthrown.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resignation' in WordNet:
         1. (1) resignation, surrender - (acceptance of despair)

Super-classes Despair^c
Tolerating^c

Resigned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resigned

Description

''Resigned'' is the attribute of someone experiencing the Feeling of ''Resignation''.
The difference between WN senses 1 and 2 is not clear.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'resigned' in Wordnet:
         1. resigned - ((followed by 'to') having come to accept; 
              'resigned to his fate')
         2. abject, resigned, unhopeful - (showing utter resignation 
              or hopelessness; 'abject surrender')

Super-classes Agreed^c
Friendly^c

Resigning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resigning`
Description	Voluntarily leaving a position that has rights or responsibilities. This can be employent (subtype 'ResigningFromEmploment'') or some position of authority or responsibility (see subtype ''Abdication'') or refusing to perform an action that is a obligation of a responsibility (as in 'abdicating ones responsibility') `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'resign' in Wordnet: 1. (9) vacate, resign, renounce, give up - (leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily; 'She vacated the position when she got pregnant'; 'The chairman resigned when he was found to have misappropriated funds') WN noun 'resignation': 2. (1) resignation - (the act of giving up (a claim or office or possession etc.))`
Super-classes	QuittingAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Voluntary^c
Sub-classes	ResigningFromEmployment^c Abdication^c

ResigningFromEmployment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResigningFromEmployment

Description

Voluntarily leaving a position that has rights or responsibilities. This can be employent (subtype 'ResigningFromEmploment'') or some position of authority (see dubtype ''Abdication'').

    SUMO: Voluntarily ending one's employment.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'resign' in Wordnet:
         1. (9) vacate, resign, renounce, give up - (leave (a job, post,
           or position) voluntarily; 'She vacated the position when she got pregnant';
           'The chairman resigned when he was found to have misappropriated funds')

Super-classes Resigning^c
EmploymentTermination^c

Resilience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resilience`
Description	''Resilience'' is a type of ''Elasticity'' exhibited by long and thin objects that have a moderate degree of stiffness, and can be bent to some extent and then return to their original shape. This is the property of a 'spring' as well as of beams that can bend under weight and return to their original shape after the weight is removed, but not of a rubber band, which is elastic but not stiff engough to hold its shape under normal gravity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resilience' in WordNet: 1. (1) resilience, resiliency - (the physical property of a material that can return to its original shape or position after deformation that does not exceed its elastic limit)`
Super-classes	Elasticity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Resilient^c isaCapabilityOf^op value Spring-Device^c takesValue^op value Resilient^c

Resilient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resilient

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'resilient' in Wordnet:
          2. bouncy, live, lively, resilient, springy - (elastic; rebounds readily;
            'clean bouncy hair'; 'a lively tennis ball';
            'as resilient as seasoned hickory'; 'springy turf')

Super-classes Elastic^c

Resin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resin`
Description	A semisolid to solid substance secreted as a gooey liquid by trees and hardened in the air. CYC (in CYC an Object, in COSMO a Substance) The collection of all pieces of resin that are naturally occurring; generally these come from plant secretions. Resins are yellow to brown, translucent to transparent, and vary in their physical state from semisolid to solid and very hard. NOTE: the term 'resin' is also used in chemistry to refer to synthetic granular polymeric materials prepared for use in chromatography. As of rev1145 that sense is not represented in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resin' in WordNet: 1. resin, rosin - (any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules)
Super-classes	Exudate^c NaturalTangibleStuff^c OrganicSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Hashish^c SyntheticResin^c NaturalResin^c

Resistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resistance`
Description	''Resistance'' is a ''SupportingAction'' that is also an ''Opposing'' - in which the thing supported is the reversal of some action that has occurred or situation that currently exists, which is opposed by those performing the ''Resistance''. `Includes noun senses 1 and 10 of 'resistance' and noun sense 2 of 'protest' and verb sense 3 of 'resist' in WordNet: 1. (6) resistance, opposition - (the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; 'he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens'; 'despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead') 10. resistance - (group action in opposition to those in power)`
Super-classes	SupportingAction^c Opposing^c
Sub-classes	ResistingaPolicy^c DirectAction^c

Resistant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resistant`
Description	'Resistant' is the parent category of AttributeValues that specify an ability of something to 'resist' some action or event that might cause it harm. This does not mean that the harm that is resisted cannot happen, it is just much less likely to happen than to another thing of the same type that is not resistant. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'resistant' in WordNet: 3. resistant - (impervious to being affected; 'resistant to the effects of heat'; 'resistant to persuasion')`
Super-classes	Insensitive^c
Sub-classes	Insusceptible^c Durable^c ResistantToCorrosion^c Defiant^c Rustproof^c HeatResistant^c DrugResistant^c ResistantToDisease^c

ResistantToCorrosion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResistantToCorrosion`
Description	''ResistantToCorrosion'' is the Attribute of SolidObjects (especially metal objects) that 'resist' (have less than typical suscpetibility) corrosion of some kind. The most commonly referenced subtype is ''Rustproof'', being resistant to rusting.
Super-classes	Resistant^c

ResistantToDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResistantToDisease`
Description	The Attribute that assigns some form (any form) or resistance to disease. This can be for plants or animals - maybe microbes resistant to bacteriophages?
Super-classes	Resistant^c
Sub-classes	Immune-Resistant^c

Resistible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resistible

Description

''Resistible'' characterizes anything that can be resisted, by any 'agent' human or natural. Very broad.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resistible' in WordNet:
          1. resistible - (capable of being resisted or withstood or frustrated;
            'a resistible attack'; 'such resistible temptations')

Super-classes Weak^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

ResistingChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResistingChange`
Description	''ResistingChange'' is a ''ResistingaPolicy' where the policy causes a change in something from traditional to less conforming to older norms or morals.
Super-classes	ResistingaPolicy^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ConservativePerson^c

ResistingMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResistingMotion`
Description	''ResistingMotion'' is a PersistentState in which some Object provides resistance to its own motion against some Force, or resists the motion of another Object by itself being firmly attached in some way (perhaps only by gravity) to a larger object, perhaps the ground. The resisting Object can be inanimate or animate, but the resistance must be resisting a Force that would otherwise move the resisting Object. `This corresponds most closely to part of verb sense 4 of 'resist' in WordNet: 4. (1) resist, stand, fend - (withstand the force of something; 'The trees resisted her'; 'stand the test of time'; 'The mountain climbers had to fend against the ice and snow')`
Super-classes	RemainingInaLocation^c
Sub-classes	BecomingSnagged^c

ResistingaPolicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResistingaPolicy`
Description	''ResistingaPolicy' is a ''Resistance'' using some method of 'protesting' that is performed by one or more people and is directed at preventing or reversing some policy or Action of some government or governmental agency or business of other Organization whose actions have widespread effects, including commercial organizations. ''ResistingaPolicy'' includes resistance to some individual enforcing that policy - e.g. to a government or head of government. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'resist' in WordNet: 3. (2) protest, resist, dissent - (express opposition through action or words; 'dissent to the laws of the country') WN noun 'protest': 2. (4) protest, objection, dissent - (the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent)`
Super-classes	Resistance^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Protest^c
Sub-classes	Rebelling^c ResistingChange^c ProtestingaPolicy^c Boycotting^c

Resistor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resistor`
Description	An electrical device used to impede the flow of electrical current. `SUMO: A Device which resists passage of an electric current through it. It is used for various purposes in an electrical circuit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resistor' in Wordnet: 1. (7) resistor, resistance - (an electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current)`
Super-classes	TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c ElectricalComponent^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value ElectricCurrent^c
Sub-classes	Rheostat^c

Resolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resolution`
Description	A ''Resolution'' is an ''AbstractDocument'' that represents an instanceof the results of a ''Deciding-Collectively'' Event, performed by a ''GroupOfPeople'' by ''Voting'' at a ''FormalMeeting''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resolution' in WordNet: 1. (12) resolution, declaration, resolve - (a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote)`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some FormalMeeting^c wasCreatedBy^op some GroupOfPeople^c isTheResultOf^op value Voting^c isTheResultOf^op value Deciding-Collectively^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Decision^c

Resolution-Emotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resolution-Emotion`
Description	COSMO note: essentially the same as the subtype 'Determination'. @ToDo: consider if these are ''Feeling''s or ''Trait''s?? `Cyc: Emotion of one who is firm of mind and purpose, capable of resisting temptations or surrender in face of opposition, danger or hardship Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resolution' in WordNet: 3. (2) resoluteness, firmness, firmness of purpose, resolve, resolution - (the trait of being resolute; 'his resoluteness carried him through the battle'; 'it was his unshakeable resolution to finish the work')`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Sub-classes	SelfPosession^c Obstinacy^c

Resolved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resolved

Description

NOTE: the WN synset 'solved, resolved' appears to be for problems that have been solved, but that can be mathematical problems or routine matters of how to do an action. The term 'resolved' is used for resolving issues of more than minimal importance.

        Corresponds to part (for ''ResolvingAnIssue'') of adjective sense 1 of 'solved' in Wordnet:
          1. solved, resolved - (explained or answered; 'mysteries solved and unsolved;
             problems resolved and unresolved')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Resolved-Determined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resolved-Determined

Description

''Resolved-Determined'' The attribute of someone feeling ''Resolution-Emotion''. (''Reslved'' is used for issues that have been resolved.)

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resolved' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) single-minded, resolved - (determined; 
            'she was firmly resolved to be a doctor'; 'single-minded 
            in his determination to stop smoking')

Super-classes Determined^c
AnimalAttributeValue^c

Resolving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resolving`
Description	''Resolving'' is an Action by a Person or Instrument in which two or some small number of the elements of some Group are distinguished as separate entities by Perceiving, where prior to ''Resolving'' they could not be clearly recognized as distinctly different. This is the action performed by instruments that have ''ResolvingPower''. In the case of multiple points or lines in an image, there may be many distinctions made possible by an increase in Resolvingpower. `Includes but is broader than the apparent vision-specific sense 1 of 'resolve' in WordNet: 5. (1) resolve - (make clearly visible; 'can this image be resolved?')`
Super-classes	Distinguishing^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some Recognizing^c
Sub-classes	HairSplitting^c

ResolvingAnIssue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResolvingAnIssue`
Description	''ResolvingAnIssue'' is a ''Deciding'' by a Person or GroupOfPeople where the question to be decided is some 'Issue'', which is of more than trivial significance to some IntelligentAgent, and this act ends the period of deciding. The more general sense of reaching a decision is represented by the parent type ''Deciding''; Settling a ''DisputeEvent'' is represented by the subtype ''SettlingaDispute''. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'resolve' in WordNet: 1. (8) decide, settle, resolve, adjudicate - (bring to an end; settle conclusively; 'The case was decided'; 'The judge decided the case in favor of the plaintiff'; 'The father adjudicated when the sons were quarreling over their inheritance') 2. (6) conclude, resolve - (reach a conclusion after a discussion or deliberation)`
Super-classes	Deciding^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Issue^c hasMainTopic^op value Issue^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	SettlingaDispute^c

ResolvingPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResolvingPower`
Description	''ResolvingPower'' is a Capability of instruments that can assist ''Observing'' which includes 'Perceiving'' of both sight and sound. A higher ''ResolvingPower'' of an instrument permits making finer distinctions or observing things not observable at lower ''ResolvingPower''. The most common ''ResolvingPower'' is that of ''LensedOpticalDevice''s, permitting eeing smaller objects. But this type also applies to display devices such as computer screens, where one measure of ''ResolvingPower'' is 'pixels per inch'. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'resolving power' in WordNet: 1. resolving power, resolution - (the ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together)`
Super-classes	InstrumentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToServeInActionType^op some ActionType^c

Resonant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resonant

Description

This ''Resonant'' characterizes ''Sound''' that consists of repeating pulses of some tone, as of a bell or a crystal glass that has been struck.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'resonant' in Wordnet:
          2. resonant, resonating, resounding, reverberating, reverberative, rolling -
            (characterized by reverberation; 'a resonant voice'; 'hear the rolling thunder'

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Resonating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resonating`
Description	''Resonating'' is what sound does when it echoes multiple times within an enclosed area, or consists of repeating pulses of some tone, as of a bell or a crystal glass that has been struck `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resonate' in WordNet: 1. resonate, vibrate - (sound with resonance; 'The sound resonates well in this theater')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Echoing^c

Resort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resort`
Description	A ''Resort'' is a type of hotel located in a ''LeisureFacility'' (a 'resort area'). Typically it has recreational facilities associated.. Basically, this is any hotel-like facility that calls itself a 'resort' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resort' in WordNet: 1. (1) resort, resort hotel, holiday resort - (a hotel located in a resort area)`
Super-classes	HotelBuilding^c
Sub-classes	Spa^c

Resource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resource`
Description	CYC: 'Resources': The collection of all #$Resources consists in things that are useful, i.e. things that are either needed or helpful for carrying out a task or running a system. Resources include financial resources, energy resources, raw materials, information, infra-structure, Actions, the ability to perform actions (an AttributeValue) and so on. NOTE: 'resource' is singular, but this can include quantities of materials or groups of objects,and 'resources' is considered as a synonym. Certain types of people may qualify as 'Resource' - employees, slaves, contractors, etc. But 'Resource' is a Role, and not all people are Resources - it depends on the situation. Important NOTE: A Resource does not necessarily have to have a net positive value, it merely needs to be useful in some situation. Some things that may count as resources may be, depending on the situation, a 'white elephant', i.e. the cost of ownership may exceed the monetary value of its practical utility. For resources that have a net positive value, the subtype 'Asset' is used. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'resource' in WordNet: 1. (12) resource - (available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed) 2. (8) resource - (a source of aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed; 'the local library is a valuable resource')
Super-classes	Role^c ValuableThing^c UsefulThing^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	Aid^c Asset^c NaturalResource^c Input^c AvailableTime^c InfrastructureProduct^c Information^c ReserveSupply^c Means^c Support^c Right^c Weapon^c NecessaryThing^c FoodOrDrink^c Lifeline^c CuttingDevice^c InformationObject^c Supply^c MilitaryAsset^c InformationBearingThing^c InformationDisseminatingSystem^c CommunicationSystem^c Energy^c ArtificialSubstance^c DesiredQuantity^c Requirement^c SelectionCriterion^c

ResourceRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResourceRatio`
Description	A ''ResourceRatio'' is a ''UnitOfMeasure'' that is a qualitative 'ratio' of one ''Resource'' to another ''Resource''. The ''Resource's can be of any type, but will typically be things that are useful such as Physical Objects, Substances, ''PersonHour''s, ''QuantityOfMoney'', or anything else that can be used as a Resource to produce some Produce (Object, Event). The type of 'resource' ouput or input is not restricted for this ''UnitOfmeasure'' `When used in an ''EfficiencyValue'' this needs the first element to be the output quantity and the second element to be the input quantity. For any given measure of ''EfficiencyValue'' an instance of this type may need to be created (if not already created) to specify the output and input, in order to be used as a ''UnitOfMeasure''. The label for each instance of ''ResourceRatio'' should have a 'Per' inserted between the output resource and the input resource.`
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some owl:Thing^c hasFirstElement^op some owl:Thing^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TonsPerPersonHour

ResourceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResourceType`
Description	ResourceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on types of things that can be used as ''Resource''s in Actions./
Super-classes	RoleType^c
Sub-classes	InputType^c ActionType^c
Members	Means Surf Livelihood FinancialMeans Capability

Resourceful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resourceful`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resourceful' in Wordnet: 1. resourceful - (having inner resources; adroit or imaginative; 'someone who is resourceful is capable of dealing with difficult situations'; 'an able and resourceful politician'; 'the most resourceful cook in town')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Clever^c Ingenious^c

Respect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respect`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Respect is some agent's feeling of just regard, consideration, or appreciation for the worth of someone or something. Instances of #$Respect vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object of the feeling. Specializations of #$Respect include #$Awe, #$Reverence, and #$Admiration. `The SocialState of being respected is represented by 'BeingRespected' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'respect' in WordNet: 3. (5) respect, esteem, regard - (an attitude of admiration or esteem; 'she lost all respect for him')`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Sub-classes	Loyalty^c Awe^c Admiration-Respect^c Reverence^c

Respectable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respectable

Description

''Respectable'' is an AttributeValue of people who are disposed to behave according to socal norms.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respectable' in Wordnet:
      1. (5) respectable - (characterized by proper behavior or conventional
        conduct; worthy of respect; "a respectable woman")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Respected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respected`
Description	Having the respect of most members of the community. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respected' in WordNet: 1. (2) respected, well-thought-of - - (receiving deferential regard; 'a respected family')`
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Esteemed^c HighlyRespected^c

Respectful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respectful

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing Respect toward something.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respectful' in WordNet:
          1. (3) respectful - (full of or exhibiting respect;
              'respectful behavior'; 'a respectful glance')

Super-classes PersonAttributeValue^c

Respectfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respectfully

Description

''Respectfully'' is an AdverbialModifier that is the Adverbial Form Of ''Respectful''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'respectfully' in Wordnet:
          1. respectfully, with all respect - (in a respectful manner; 
             'might I respectfully suggest to the Town Council that they should
               adopt a policy of masterly inactivity?')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Respective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respective

Description

''Respective'' is an AttributeValue of things that are to be considered individually in the order mentioned previously in a sentence or paragraph.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respective' in Wordnet:
       1. (4) respective, several, various - (considered individually;
         'the respective club members'; 'specialists in their several fields';
         'the various reports all agreed')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Respiration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respiration`
Description	COSMO note: This type includes cellular respiration, and as subtype the common ''AirRespiration'',one cycle of breathing in and out performed by the lungs of vertebrates. ''Respiration'' also has the subtype ''Breathing'', a repeated sequence of ''''AirRespiration'''' and that has the subtype ''ArtificialRespiration'', which is ''AirRespiration'' assisted by a ''Respirator''. NOTE: this type includes he respiration of fishes that use gills rather than lungs. That type should be but is not yet represented as a subtyp. CYC: A specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary. Each instance of #$Respiration is a process through which an instance of #$Animal acquires oxygen for its cells, and releases carbon dioxide formed by those cells into the atmosphere. Includes noun sense 1 of 'Respiration' and verb sense 2 of 'respire' in Wordnet: 1. (1) respiration, internal respiration, cellular respiration - (the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs) WN verb 'respire': 2. respire - (undergo the biomedical and metabolic processes of respiration by taking up oxygen and producing carbon monoxide) (sic? should be dioxide!)
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c
Sub-classes	Breathing^c AirRespiration^c

Respirator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respirator`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'respirator' in WordNet: 1. respirator, inhalator - (a breathing device for administering long-term artificial respiration)`
Super-classes	BreathingDevice^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value ArtificialRespiration^c

Respiratory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respiratory`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respiratory' in Wordnet: 1. (13) respiratory - (pertaining to respiration; 'respiratory assistance')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

RespiratoryAilment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RespiratoryAilment`
Description	A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of #$RespiratoryAilment is a state of sickness that impacts the respiratory system more severely than it impacts any other system. This collection includes chronic diseases such as #$Emphysema and (#$CancerFn #$Lung), as well as #$CommonCold. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'respiratory disease' in WordNet: 1. respiratory disease, respiratory illness, respiratory disorder - (a disease affecting the respiratory system)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	Asthma^c Influenza^c Pneumoconiosis^c COVID-19_Infection^c Pneumonia^c

RespiratoryTract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RespiratoryTract`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'respiratory tract' in WordNet: 1. (2) respiratory tract, airway - (the passages through which air enters and leaves the body)`
Super-classes	BodyTract^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op exactly 2 hasDesignFunction^op value Breathing^c hasOrganicPart^op value Trachea^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Air^c hasDesignFunction^op value AirRespiration^c

Respondent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Respondent

Description

A ''Respondent'' is a ''Litigant'' who is not a principle, neither a complainant nor defendant.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'respondent' in WordNet:
            1. respondent - (the codefendant (especially in a divorce proceeding)
             who is accused of adultery with the corespondent)

Super-classes PartyInaCourtCase^c

Responder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Responder`
Description	This ''Responder'' is a broad type including anyone who 'respnds' in any manner. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'responder' in WordNet: 1. respondent, responder, answerer - (someone who responds)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Responding^c
Sub-classes	FirstResponder^c

Responding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Responding`
Description	Each 'Responding' is an instance of an Action in which an agent (human or non-human animal or computer) 'Quickly'' performs an Action that is motivated by some specific Event that has recently occurred (perhaps one that creates a situation that provides a cause for quick action) - a natural event a need, an urge, a computer input (by a Person or another computer), an external request or demand, some rule imposed, a threat, or a deadline looming. The Role of the Event causing the ''Responding'' is a ''Stimulus'', pointed to by the relation ''wasaResponseToEvent''. Thus this is the 'response' element of the classic 'stimuus-response' scenario. A ''Responding'' is a subtype of ''Reaction'' that assumes that the agent doing the responding has the option of not responding or of choosing from options; an Effect that is caused by some Event that cannot be characterized as a ''Stimulus'' is a ''Reaction'' (a parent type of ''Responding'') - Effecs forced byt the laws of nature without the intervention of an agent are not instances of ''Responding''. This is a very broad category of Actions (see subtypes), and only requires that the Action be motivated by some identifiable 'Stimulus'' (including internal Events such as urges or Feelings, provided that they are new and not StaticSituations), Subtypes of 'Responding' include 'Compliance' (responding to a demand) and 'FulfillingaRequest' (responding to a request), and the reponses of computers to ''Input'' (a subtype of ''Stimulus''. Responding to an emergency situation (slomething done by police and firefighters and EMTs) is also an instance, but not yet represented as of rev789. Linguistic responses to communications are also included - see the subtype 'Answering'. Responding to requests can be positive or negative; only the positive responses are instances of the subtype 'ConformingAction'. The Event to which the Action is a response is pointed to by the relation 'wasaResponseToEvent'. The restriction requires that the causative Event be specified for each instance of 'Responding'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'respond' in WordNet: WN verb 'respond' 1. (33) react, respond - (show a response or a reaction to something)
Super-classes	Action^c Reaction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Responsive^c hasManner^op value Quickly^c wasaResponseToEvent^op some (Stimulus^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	DeviceResponse^c RespondingToTouch^c Snorting^c Answering^c UpholdingaCause^c CarryingOutaTask^c BodilyResponse^c RespondingToAnEmergency^c FirstAid^c MentalReception^c DefendingaProposition^c ConformingAction^c GettingEven^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FirstResponseTo911Attack

RespondingToAnEmergency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RespondingToAnEmergency`
Description
Super-classes	Responding^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op value Emergency^c wasaResponseToEvent^op value Emergency^c isPerformedBy^op value FirstResponder^c

RespondingToTouch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RespondingToTouch`
Description	A ''RespondingToTouch'' is a ''Responding'' that is stimulated by a 'Touching'' Event. This can be done by Organisms or Devices.
Super-classes	Responding^c PhysicalReaction^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c isPerformedBy^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c or Organism^c or OrganismType^c)

Responsibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Responsibility`
Description	To have a Responsibility is a state in which a Person has a certain SocialRelation to some Event, past, future, or hypothetical, in which the Agent with the responsibility participates. This is also treated in 'ResponsibilitySituation' and the exact logical representation of these concepts in COSMO has not been finalized. @ToDo - relations between Responsibility and ResponsibilitySituation. The restriction on 'refersToExternalEntity' requires that each instance of Responsibility point to the Action or ActionType that the Agent is responsible for. This is broad, and includes a responsibility (duty) to do something as well as a responsibility (fault) for having done something bad. NOTE also the subtype 'Fault' being a responsibility in the sense of having been a causal agent for some undesirable event. To have a Responsibility for some past Event, the Agent with the Responsibility must have performed the Event or must have been able to prevent it by reasonable effort. See, e.g. the subtype 'Fault'. Agents are related to their Responsibilities by the relation 'hasResponsibility'. A subtype of Responsibility is an Obligation, which represents a situation where the Agent with the Obligation must perform some FutureSituation, or suffer some negative consequences. This differs from the parent type Responsibility in that Responsibility can relate to past situations - a person can be responsible for having performed some action - and the consequences of that past Action may be positive - the Agent may get credit for doing something praiseworthy. WordNet mixes this concept into senses 1 and 2 of 'Responsibility'; 'Responsibility' in COSMO includes 'Obligation' as a subtype, so WN sense 1 is closest to this type; however sense 3 is interpreted as the trait of being habitually consciencious in discharging one's responsibilities, and is not included here, even though the example seems to be an example of sense 2 (!) in WordNet: 1. (17) duty, responsibility, obligation - (the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; 'we must instill a sense of duty in our children'; 'every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty'- John D.Rockefeller Jr) 2. (2) province, responsibility - (the proper sphere or extent of your activities; 'it was his province to take care of himself')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c IntangibleExistingThing^c ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value ResponsibleForAnAction^c refersToExternalEntity^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	Fault^c

ResponsibilityForPastEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResponsibilityForPastEvent`
Description	Each 'ResponsibilityForPastEvent' is a Responsibility that asserts that an IntelligentAgent either performed,assisted in, or allowed to happen some past event. that past Event may have been a good or bad thing. If it was a Bad thing (from someone's perspective, then that responsibility is also a Fault (see 'Fault')
Super-classes	UndesirableThing^c Event^c

ResponsibilitySituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResponsibilitySituation`
Description	Each instance of ResponsibilitySituation is a RoleSituation in which some 'IntentionalAgent' is objectively (this is not a belief) the Agent who has caused some past Event (having the credit or blame), or has an Obligation to perform some future action. The latter (future) Responsibility is also an Obligation. This sense of 'responsibility' has some of the character of an Attribute that attaches to a person, but in COSMO it is treated as a PersistentState; this is logically equivalent, in that the nature of the State is to have a particular Attribute, or more precisely, to have a relation to the Event that an Agent is responsible for. Can also be called: 'being responsible for something (good or bad) that happened' or 'being responsible for some future event' This state will often be the topic of assertions that assign blame or credit. - see 'Blaming' for an example. Such assertions will assert a belief that a ResponsibilitySituation involving an Agent exists. This differs from 'Responsibility' in that a 'Responsibility' is a MentalObject, and a ResponsibilitySituation is a state, which is disjoint with Object. @ToDo: The exact relationship between these two notions has not yet (v0.49) been formalized. NOTE REv1297: more detail added. NOTE that adding parent 'SocialState' attempts to incorporate the notion in WN that this is largely a function of societal recognition of person's Role in an Event - this may present a borderline conflict with 'MentalEvent'. This sense is not closely represented in WordNet - senses 1 and 2 in RHW area close: in RHW: 1. the state or fact of being responsible. 2.an instance of being responsible: The responsibility for this mess is yours! responsibility
Super-classes	SocialState^c RoleSituation^c MentalEvent^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some Event^c isaResponsibilityOf^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	CreditSituation^c BlameSituation^c

Responsible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Responsible`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'responsible' in Wordnet: 1. (9) responsible - (worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust; or held accountable; 'a responsible adult'; 'responsible journalism'; 'a responsible position'; 'the captain is responsible for the ship's safety'; 'the cabinet is responsible to the parliament')`
Super-classes	WorthyOfSomething^c Good^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	Trustworthy^c

ResponsibleForAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResponsibleForAnAction`
Description	''Responsible'' is an AttributeValue of an ''IntentionalAgent'' who should get the blame or credit for some Action in the past that s/he did or for doing some Action in the future for which one has an obligation or duty. `@ToDo: Responsibility and Credit need to be disentangled. for 'legally obligated' use subtype ''LegallyRequired''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'responsible' in Wordnet: 2. (1) responsible, responsible for - (being the agent or cause; 'determined who was the responsible party'; 'termites were responsible for the damage')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	LegallyLiable^c LegallyRequired^c Accountable^c

Responsibleness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Responsibleness`
Description	''Responsibleness'' the quality of accepting ''Responsibility' and conscientiously performing the obligations that entails.. `This is a quality of people, not of ''Devices''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'responsibleness' in WordNet: 1. responsibility, responsibleness - (a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone for something or being responsible for one's conduct; 'he holds a position of great responsibility')`
Super-classes	Goodness^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Responsible^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Trustworthy^c
Sub-classes	Reliability^c Accountability^c

Responsibly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Responsibly

Description

''Responsibly'' is an AdverbOfManner that characterizes Actons that are performed in a''Responsible'' manner.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'responsibly' in WordNet:
          1. (1) responsibly - (in a responsible manner; 'we must act responsibly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Responsive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Responsive

Description

This type is a broad sense of 'Responsive', characterizing any form of 'response' (''Responding''). Subtypes can be more specific.

       Includes but is broader than  adjective sense 2 of 'responsive' in Wordnet:
         2. responsive - (readily reacting to people or events or stimuli; 
           showing emotion; 'children are often the quickest and most responsive members of the audience')

Super-classes Informative^c

Responsiveness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Responsiveness`
Description	This ''Responsiveness'' applis to Aimal, especially people Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'responsiveness' in WordNet: 2. responsiveness - (the quality of being responsive; reacting quickly; as a quality of people, it involves responding with emotion to people and events)
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Responsive^c

ResponsivenessToStimuli^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResponsivenessToStimuli`
Description	For 'responsiveness' of animals or plants to things that influence their behavior, use ''Responsiveness''. This is for responses other than thoes of ''organisms''. Responsiveness of parts of organisms (cells, physiological systems) is included here. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'responsiveness' in WordNet: 1. (2) responsiveness, reactivity - (responsive to stimulation)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Responsive^c

RestMassMeasure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestMassMeasure

Description

RestMassMeasure is the amount of mass that an object appears to have when it is measured at rest relative to the measuring equipment, in the absence of a gravitational field or an acceleration. If those conditions cannot be met, the rest mass can be calculated from special and general relativity relations.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rest mass' in WordNet:
      1. rest mass - ((physics) the mass of a body as measured 
         when the body is at rest relative to an observer, an inherent property of the body)

Super-classes MassMeasure^c

RestStop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestStop`
Description	A ''RestStop'' can be a simple 'pull-off' where cars can leave a highway for a period to rest, make phone calls, and if facilities are available, to use the toilet facilities. It can also have more elaborate facilities such as gasolne stations and restaurants and various 'concssions'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rest stop' in WordNet: 1. layby, lay-by, pull-off, rest area, rest stop - (designated paved area beside a main road where cars can stop temporarily; "in England they call a rest area a lay-by")`
Super-classes	StoppingPlace^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Paved^c isAdjacentTo^op value Roadway^c

Restatement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restatement`
Description	`NOTE: WN does not have a sense for 'paraphrase' that expresses this meaning. in RHW 'paraphrase': 1. a restatement of a text or passage giving the meaning in another form, as for clearness; rewording. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restatement' in WordNet: 1. (4) restatement - (a revised statement)`
Super-classes	Statement^c Phrase^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Rephrasing^c

Restating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restating`
Description	A 'Restating' is a 'Repeating' of some words by the same or another agent, orally or in writing. A person can repeat what another person has said; a person can repeat what s/he has said previously, a Parrot can repeat what a person has said, or can repeat itself over and over. 'He repeated his request twice'; 'The student repeated the teacher's words exactly'; 'His speech was only a repetition of the one he gave last week.' 'To avoid repeating the same word, try using a more general word instead.' `Includes verb senses 1 and 4 of 'repeat' and part of noun sense 1 of 'repetition' in WordNet: WN verb 'repeat' 1. (33) repeat, reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell - (to say, state, or perform again; 'She kept reiterating her request') 4. (7) repeat, echo - (to say again or imitate; 'followers echoing the cries of their leaders') WN noun 'repetition' 1. (2) repeat, repetition - (an event that repeats; 'the events today were a repeat of yesterday's')`
Super-classes	Repeating^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repetitive^c
Sub-classes	Quoting^c Summarizing^c

RestaurantBooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestaurantBooth`
Description	A ''RestaurantBooth'' is a ''SeatedAssemblyConstruct'' having a 'Table-Furniture'. that seats at least two people, inside a ''PartitionedSpace'' at the side of a Restaurant room, with at least two high-backed seats (or one curved one) fixed so that people can eat at the table while sitting there. It provides more privacy than the tables in the middle of a room, and is usually open only at one side. This can also be in a ''Barroom''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booth' in WordNet: 1. (1) booth - (a table (in a restaurant or bar) surrounded by two high-backed benches)`
Super-classes	PartitionedSpace^c SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c
Restrictions	spatiallyContains^op value Table-Furniture^c isLocatedAt^op some RestaurantSpace^c

RestaurantEmployee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestaurantEmployee`
Description	A ''RestaurantEmployee'' is a Person who is employed in some role by a Restaurant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restaurant attendant' in WordNet: 1. dining-room attendant, restaurant attendant - (someone employed to provide service in a dining room)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c PersonWithOccupation^c Employee^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op some RestaurantOrganization^c
Sub-classes	HeadWaiter^c

RestaurantOrganization^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestaurantOrganization

Description

A 'RestaurantOrganization' is an Organization that operates at least one 'RestaurantSpace'; it may be a chain or a franchise Organization like McDonald's. This differs from Cyc, where a chain is distinguished from the local Organization running a resaurant.

       In Cyc called 'Restaurant-Organization'
       #$Restaurant-Organization is a specialization of
     #$ServiceEstablishment, #$FoodServiceOrganization, and
     #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers.  Each instance of
     #$Restaurant-Organization is an organization that operates
     individual restaurants.  For example, the group of
     individuals that operates the Threadgills on Lamar in Austin
     (and no other restaurants) is an instance of
     #$Restaurant-Organization, while the #$Organization that
     owns and operates both Threadgills (the one on Lamar and the
     one on Barton Springs) is not an instance of this collection
     (that organization would be an instance of
     #$FoodServiceOrganization).  Instances of
        #$Restaurant-Organization operate out of #$Restaurant-Objects.

        There is no corresponding WordNet sense.

Super-classes OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers^c
RetailOrganization^c

RestaurantSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestaurantSpace`
Description	An area in a building where food is served in exchange for money. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'restaurant' in WordNet, but in COSMO a Restuarant does not necessarily occupy a whole building. in WordNet: 1. (7) restaurant, eating house, eating place - (a building where people go to eat) :`
Super-classes	ServiceEstablishment^c MultiRoomUnit^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Food^c
Sub-classes	Cafe^c Diner^c Cafeteria^c

RestaurantTab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestaurantTab`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tab' in WordNet: 1. check, chit, tab - (the bill in a restaurant; 'he asked the waiter for the check')`
Super-classes	Tab^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value RequestingPayment^c

Restful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restful

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'restful' in Wordnet:
        1. relaxing, restful, reposeful - (affording or marked by rest or repose;
         'the time spent was pleasant and relaxing'; 'a restful night'; 'a cool and reposeful glen')

Super-classes PleasantlyAgreeable^c

Resting-RelaxingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resting-RelaxingEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which an animal (of any kind - see also subtype ''HumanRelaxingEvent'') abstains from strenuous physical activity. This does not include ''Sleeping''. `NOTE: for the more specific 'resting' performed by People, use subtype ''HumanRelaxingEvent''. NOTE: this and its subtype can be broken into shorter and longer periods of relaxation. In Cyc named 'Resting-Relaxing'. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'rest' in WordNet: 5. (4) rest - (be at rest)`
Super-classes	BeingAwake^c AnimalActivity^c
Sub-classes	HumanRelaxingEvent^c

Resting-Still^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resting-Still

Description

''Resting-Still'' is the sense of 'resting' that is the attribute for ''PhysicalObject''s that are staying still and supported on the surface of another object - ''BeingSupported''. This also characterizes the place where or object on which the ''Resting-Still'' object is supported. 'resting on the floor'; 'resting object'; 'resting surface'; 'resting place'.

      "Resting-RelaxingEvent
         This is distinguishable from the sense for an animal that is staying still
       to recuperate from activity that uses up its body energy, though the
       latter sense usually (but not necessarily always) includes the former sense as well.

       There is no WN sense of this adjective in either sense.  The RHW sense 1 of 'resting'
            appears to include both of these senses.
       .RHW adj 'resting': 1.  that rests; not active.

Super-classes Motionless^c

RestingPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestingPerson`
Description	A ''RestingPerson'' is a ''Person'' who is ''Resting'' but not ''Asleep''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rester' in WordNet: 1. rester - (a person who rests)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Relaxing^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Resting-RelaxingEvent^c

Restless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restless`
Description	''Restless'' is an attribute of people who are are unable (usually temporarily) to relax; the opposite of Relaxed. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'restless' in Wordnet: 1. (2) antsy, fidgety, fretful, itchy, restless - (unable to relax or be still; 'a constant fretful stamping of hooves'; 'itchy for excitement'; 'a restless child')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Uptight^c

Restlessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restlessness`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Restlessness is some agent's feeling of unease or agitation, marked by a lack of repose. Instances of #$Restlessness vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or the subject experiencing the feeling. `NOTE: 'fidget' is used for the Person who fidgets; 'fidgets' is used for this state 'he has the fidgets'. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'restlessness' in Wordnet: 3. fidget, fidgetiness, restlessness - (a feeling of agitation expressed in continual motion; 'he's got the fidgets'; 'waiting gave him a feeling of restlessness') 4. restlessness, uneasiness, queasiness - (inability to rest or relax or be still)`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Restless^c

Restored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restored`
Description	''Restored'' is the attribute of something that was the object of a ''Restoring'' Action.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Restoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restoring`
Description	''Restoring'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''RestoringEvent'' and events that have similar function.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

RestoringEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestoringEvent`
Description	''RestoringEvent'' is an ''ImprovementEvent'' that recreates lost functionality of something that had some useful functionality, and that was lost in a ''WorseningEvent''. For a ''Restoring'' that requires recreating some PhysicalObject or part is represented by the subtype ''Renewing''. THis is broad and can refer to restoring health or vitality as well as functionality of Devices. This is broad, and can include as subtypes 'Rebuilding'' and ''TherapeuticProcess''. RWH'restore': 2. to bring back to a former, original, or normal condition, as a building, statue, or painting. 3. to bring back to a state of health, soundness, or vigor. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'restore' in WordNet: 1. (12) restore, reconstruct - (return to its original or usable and functioning condition; 'restore the forest to its original pristine condition') 2. (4) regenerate, restore, rejuvenate - (return to life; get or give new life or energy; 'The week at the spa restored me') WN noun 'reconstruction': 2. (1) reconstruction - (the activity of constructing something again) WN noun 'restoration': 2. (1) restoration - (the act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state) 4. renovation, restoration, refurbishment - (the state of being restored to its former good condition; 'the inn was a renovation of a Colonial house')
Super-classes	Action^c ReCreating^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	hadRestoredObject^op some owl:Thing^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value WorseningEvent^c
Sub-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c Resuscitating^c Rebuilding^c RefreshingEvent^c Renewing^c Cleanup^c RepairingEvent^c Revitalization^c Regenerating^c Resurrecting^c

Restrained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restrained`
Description	''Restrained'' is an attribute of people who are displaying litle emotion, at some particular time. This is the attribute of someone with the trait ''Unemotional''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'restrained' in Wordnet: 1. (2) reserved, restrained, reticent, unemotional - (cool and formal in manner) WN adj 'reserved': 2. reserved - (marked by self-restraint and reticence; 'was habitually reserved in speech, withholding her opinion'-Victoria Sackville-West)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Taciturn^c

RestrainingCollar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestrainingCollar`
Description	This type of ''Collar'' includes Dog and at collars, but also includes collars that can be placed on a Persons neck, as with slaves being transported.
Super-classes	Collar^c
Restrictions	surrounds-Ringlike^op value Neck^c hasDesignFunction^op value Animal^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	DogCollar^c

RestrainingEmotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestrainingEmotion`
Description	'RestrainingEmotion' is a ''Preventing'' specific for a Person who intentionally refrains from expressing an emotion that often causes such expression. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'restrain' in WordNet: 1. (11) restrain, suppress, keep, keep back, hold back - (keep under control; keep in check; 'suppress a smile'; 'Keep your temper'; 'keep your cool')`
Super-classes	Preventing^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value ExpressingEmotion^c

Restraint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restraint

Description

'Restraint' is a form of negative Capability, i.e. it is an inability to do something. For restrictions on movement, use 'RegionLimitation'. NOTE: this is not the action of one agent preventing another from doing something - that is represented by ''KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething''.

      This can also be viewed as an''ActionType'' (a state) and an ''AttributeTypeType''
         (a ''Quality'')



      There are three parts to a 'Restraint'
       1.  A Rule or Condition or command from some agent that restrains the agent
            from doing  something.  A Restraint is an externally imposed Limitation,
             such as a rule as  a law, parental rule, law of nature,
             or even a moral inhibition.
       2.  The type of restraint: legal, physical, moral, social
       3.  The Action which one is restrained from performing.

    Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 3 of 'restraint' in WordNet:
      WN restraint:
        3. constraint, restraint - (the state of being physically constrained; 
          'dogs should be kept under restraint')

Super-classes Limitation^c

Restricted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restricted`
Description	A property of things that have experienced ''Restricting''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'restricted' in WordNet: 1. (2) restricted - (subject to restriction or subjected to restriction; 'of restricted importance')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Selective^c Promiscuous^c Off-limits^c Sole^c

Restricting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restricting`
Description	In each instance of 'Restricting', some agent creates a Rule which is a 'Restriction'. To make a Rule, one needs to be an Authority, but this is a very general concept, and the Authority can be very local or informal, such as a parent or a leader of a small group. The owner of a property is an Authority for what can be done on that property, and can create a Rule prohibiting actions on that property. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'restrict' and noun sense 2 of 'restriction'. NOTE that sense 2 pertains to the substance itself, and that is a different sense (@ToDo: how to relate it ?? 'RestrictedSubstance'??) in WordNet: 1. (9) restrict, curtail, curb, cut back - (place restrictions on; 'curtail drinking in school') 2. (5) restrict - (place under restrictions; limit access to; 'This substance is controlled') WN noun 'restriction': 2. (1) limitation, restriction - (an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation))
Super-classes	MakingaRule^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Restriction^c
Sub-classes	Forbidding^c LimitingAction^c

Restriction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restriction`
Description	A 'Restriction' is a RuleForBehavior that limits an agent's freedom to perform a specific Action or ActionType; this can merely limit the range of behavior, or, if it forbids the behavior, it will be an instance of the subtype 'Prohibition'. Many laws are Restrictions. `To specify the act of 'Restricting' that produced the Restriction, use 'isTheProductOf'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'restriction' and sense 4 of 'restraint'in WordNet: 1. (5) restriction, limitation - (a principle that limits the extent of something; 'I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements') WN 'restraint': 4. restraint - (a rule or condition that limits freedom; 'legal restraints'; 'restraints imposed on imports')`
Super-classes	RuleForBehavior^c
Restrictions	establishesLimitation^op some Limitation^c
Sub-classes	Segregation^c Apartheid^c Prohibition^c
In domain of	establishesLimitation^op

Restrictive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restrictive`
Description	''Restrictive'' is an attribute applied to things that tend to cause some degree of ''Restricting''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'restrictive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) restrictive - (serving to restrict; 'teenagers eager to escape restrictive home environments')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Repressive^c Inspirational^c

Restroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Restroom`
Description	Any room that contains a toilet. Specs are the various kinds.
Super-classes	Amenity^c PartOfBuilding^c Room^c
Restrictions	physicallyContains^op value Toilet^c
Sub-classes	Bathroom^c PublicRestroom^c

RestructuringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RestructuringSomething`
Description	This ''RestructuringSomething'' includes 'restructuring' of business enterprises, as may be done after a corporate merger, as well as individuals restructuring their way of doing something. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'restructure' in WordNet: 1. restructure, reconstitute - (construct or form anew or provide with a new structure; 'After his accident, he had to restructure his life'; 'The governing board was reconstituted')`
Super-classes	StructuringSomething^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value ActionGroup^c

Result^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Result`
Description	A ''Result'' is what is obtained as (possibly part) of the outcome of some ''Event'', such as a test, contest or any other activity, natural or intentional, that can be said to have a 'result'. This is a very broad concept. spanning several disjoint types of entities. The 'result' of an Event can be an InformationObject, another Event (including PersistentStates), an Object that is produced, or a Change (e.g. in the attributes of something). Even Events that are not intentional actions (e.g. a landslide) can have a 'Result', which in that case would also be an Effect. NOTE that this type ''Result'' is a Role that is played by anything of any type that can be said to be the result of an Event. But it is not necessary to coerce every result of an action pointed to by the 'hasResult'' relation into an instance of that type. The type is there to allow discussion of 'results' when the situation calls for that to be explicit. Because a Result can be either an Object or a State, only the subtypes can take on the more specific types 'EventType' or 'ObjectType'. @ToDo: should all Results be states (including test scores?). Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'result' in WordNet: 1. (97) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot - (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; 'the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise'; 'his decision had depressing consequences for business'; 'he acted very wise after the event') 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio')
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	AccompanyingResult^c ClimaxOfaStory^c Outgrowth^c DifficultGoal^c TestResult^c IntendedResult^c Impact^c PhysiologicalEffect^c Aftermath^c Outcome^c

ResultOfaChange^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResultOfaChange

Description

A ''ResultOfaChange'' is the thing (object, event, attribute) that is the result of a ''Change'', being different from the corresponding thing before the change. This can be of any type. This entity would be the second element in a ''Difference'' that results from a ''ChangeEvent'' if the changed thing is an Attribute.

       entities of this kind can be imaginary or hypothetical, when intelligent agents try to imagine
         what can be different if some action is taken.

      Corresponds to sense 6 of noun 'change' in WordNet:
        6. (1) change - (a thing that is different; 'he inspected several changes before selecting one')

Super-classes Difference^c

Resulting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resulting`
Description	''Resulting'' is an attribute applied to things that were the result of something.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resulting' in Wordnet: 1. (7) consequent, ensuant, resultant, resulting, sequent - (following as an effect or result; 'the period of tension and consequent need for military preparedness'; 'the ensuant response to his appeal'; 'the resultant savings were considerable'; 'the health of the plants and the resulting flowers')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Accompanying^c

Resuming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resuming`
Description	''Resuming'' is a Continuation of any kind of action that follows a pause. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'resume' in WordNet: 1. (17) resume, restart, re-start - (take up or begin anew; 'We resumed the negotiations')`
Super-classes	Continuation^c
Restrictions	alwaysFollows^op value Pause^c
Sub-classes	FollowingUpAnAction^c

Resumption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resumption`
Description	A Resumption is any Event which follows temporally another Event of the same type (with the same participants), but only after a time interval in which that type of Event is not in progress. The combination of the prior and subsequent Events is also an Event of that type, but discontinuous. This notion is related to the notion that a homogeneous Event can be decomposed into temporal parts of the same type, In Cyc such Event types are called 'processes' but that term is used in COSMO only for FunctionalProcesses, which are intimately related to but different from Events. `NOTE that if there is no intermission in an Event so that the same Process (with the same participants) that defines the Event occurs in the time interval immediately before the Event under consideration, the Event under consideration would be a 'Continuation' rather than a 'resumption'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resumption' in Wordnet: 1. (1) resumption, recommencement - (beginning again)`
Super-classes	Event^c
In domain of	isaResumptionOf^op

ResurfacingAfterAbsence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResurfacingAfterAbsence`
Description	A ''ResurfacingAfterAbsence'' is a ''Reappearing'' performed by a Person who was ''Absent'' from his/her usual or expected place, when most or all others did not know where s/he was. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'resurface' in Wordnet: 3. resurface - (appear again; 'The missing man suddenly resurfaced in New York')`
Super-classes	Reappearing^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value BeingAbsent^c hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value BeingAbsent^c

ResurfacingAnArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResurfacingAnArtifact`
Description	''ResurfacingAnArtifact'' is an Action in which a some Object that had previously been coated in an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' Action is again coated ('resurfaced') with or without removing the initial coating. This can be for furniture or Roadways or other objects. However, repainting is only a borderline included Action, and should be a separate subtype. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'resurface' in Wordnet: 2. resurface - (cover with a new surface)`
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c CoveringSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SolidObject^c consumes^op some CoatingMaterial^c impliesPriorEventType^op value ApplyingStuffToSurface^c

ResurfacingInaBodyOfWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResurfacingInaBodyOfWater`
Description	''ResurfacingInaBodyOfWater'' an ''Ascending'' Action that is performed by an object (Person or Vehicle or other ''SolidObject'') that previously dove into the water, intentionally or by accident. The ''BodyOfWater'' needs to be large enough that a person can dive under the surface - a large swimming pool is the smallest, with an ocean the high-end limit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resurface' in WordNet: 1. resurface - (reappear on the surface)`
Super-classes	Ascending^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value MovingUnderWater^c hasEndingSubEvent^op value FloatingOnWater^c occursAt^op value BodyOfWater^c isPerformedBy^op value SolidObject^c

Resurrecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resurrecting`
Description	''Resurrecting'' is a ''Restoring'' that recreates lost functionality of a dead Animal (no metaphorical use here), usually used for ''DeadPerson''s or those who are clinically 'dead', such as having no breathing or heartbeat. The ''Resurrecting'' of persons dead for more than a day,with no probability due to normal body functioning is used only in fictional or religious or mythological contexts. NOTE: the term 'resuscitate'' in WN is used only for returning to consciousness, but the reversal of clilnical death (restring heartbeat and breathing) without regaining conscousness is also referred to as 'resuscitation', so those labels are added without reference to the WN sense. Corresponds to part (excluding 'slavery') of verb sense 1 of 'resurrect' in WordNet: 1. (1) resurrect, raise, upraise - (cause to become alive again; 'raise from the dead'; 'Slavery is already dead, and cannot be resurrected'; 'Upraising ghosts')
Super-classes	RestoringEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Death^c

Resurrection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resurrection`
Description	CYC: The collection of events in which a dead human being is raised from the dead. Examples from #$Christianity include the #$Resurrection of #$JesusOfNazareth after the #$CrucifixionOfJesus, or the resurrection of Lazarus by #$JesusOfNazareth in the new testament. Currently, this concept is defined relative to the religious (i.e., #$Christianity) interpretation of #$Resurrection, and should probably not be used in non-religious contexts (e.g., a doctor resurrecting a patient who 'died' twenty-seconds ago). However, fictional/mythological contexts that are in part informed by religious thought (e.g., #$Vampire, zombies, etc.) could conceivably employ this event. `No WN sense for the general notion of 'resurrection'.`
Super-classes	Rebirth^c Miracle^c ReligiousEvent^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value NewLife^c causes^op value NewLife^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Death^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ResurrectionOfChrist

Resuscitating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resuscitating`
Description	''Resuscitating'' is a ''Restoring'' that brings an unconscious Animal back to consciousness. This may be assisted by a ''Resuscitator'' Device. `This includes the active and passive senses, which can be differentiated when needed. Includes active and passive senses verb senses 1 and 2 of 'resuscitate' in WordNet: 1. resuscitate, revive - (cause to regain consciousness; 'The doctors revived the comatose man') 2. come to, revive, resuscitate - (return to consciousness; 'The patient came to quickly'; 'She revived after the doctor gave her an injection')`
Super-classes	RestoringEvent^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Resuscitator^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Unconsciousness^c

Resuscitator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Resuscitator`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resuscitator' in WordNet: 1. resuscitator - (a breathing apparatus used for resuscitation by forcing oxygen into the lungs of a person who has undergone asphyxia or arrest of respiration)`
Super-classes	BreathingDevice^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Resuscitating^c

Retail^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retail

Description

''Retail'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''RetailSale'' or the associated activities,or to the prices available at Retail (as opposed to'wholesale').

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retail' in WordNet:
           1. (1) retail - (selling or related to selling direct to the consumer;
            'retail trade'; 'retail business'; 'retail price')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RetailChainStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetailChainStore`
Description	A ''RetailChainStore'' is one of the ''RetailStore''s managed by a ''RetailStore-ParentCompany''.
Super-classes	RetailStore^c
Restrictions	isManagedBy^op value RetailStore-ParentCompany^c

RetailOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetailOrganization`
Description	CYC: A collection of organizations. Each instance of #$RetailOrganization is an organization that engages primarily in selling goods or services to end-users or consumers, rather than to wholesale customers. Specializations of #$RetailOrganization include the collections #$RetailStore and #$AutoDealership.
Super-classes	SellingOrganization^c
Restrictions	wasaVendorTo^op value ThePublic^c
Sub-classes	LocalRetailStoreOrganization^c LocalRetailOrganization^c RetailStore-ParentCompany^c AutoDealer^c RestaurantOrganization^c

RetailPrice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetailPrice`
Description	Each ''RetailPrice' is the actual Price that is received by the seller and paid by the buyer in a ''RetailSale''. `@@db1401 >>How to relate the prices paid to the transaction?? ??? NOTe that 'Fee'' is also a ''MoneyMeasure'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'price' in WordNet: 1. (580) price, terms, damage - (the amount of money needed to purchase something; 'the price of gasoline'; 'he got his new car on excellent terms'; 'how much is the damage?')`
Super-classes	Price^c
Restrictions	wasPaidInEvent^op some RetailPurchase^c

RetailPurchase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetailPurchase`
Description	A ''RetailPurchase'' is the action of a ''Consumer'' who is buying 'at retail', i.e. paying a retail price for a product.
Super-classes	Buying^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op some RetailSale^c isPerformedBy^op some Consumer^c

RetailSale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetailSale`
Description	A ''RetailSale'' is the action of a merchant who is selling to an end user ('consumer')'. This action contrasts with 'wholesale' in which the selling is to a Retailer or to a business that uses the product to produce other products or services. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'retail' in WordNet: 1. (1) retail - (the selling of goods to consumers; usually in small quantities and not for resale) WN verb 'retail': 2. retail - (sell on the retail market)`
Super-classes	Selling^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Consumer^c hasReciprocalEvent^op some Buying^c

RetailSalesClerk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetailSalesClerk

Description

People who help you if you ask them. RetailSalesClerks usually do not work on commission.

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'clerk' and sense
           1 of 'salesclerk' in WordNet:
          2. (2) salesclerk, shop clerk, clerk - (a salesperson in a store)

Super-classes SalesPerson^c

RetailStore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetailStore`
Description	A ;;RetailStore;; is a business Establishment where goods or services (performed on the spot, such as hair cutting or styling) are sold at retail to the public. This is the facility consisting of only one site (which may be managed by a chain store organization) where a RetailOrganization conducts its business and sells goods to the public. This can be a whole building or part of a building. It can be large or small. This is the PhysicalObject, not the Organization. In CYC called 'RetailStoreSpace': Spaces which are the physical quarters for store enterprises. the retail sale of goods or services; 'he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod') The 'goods' sold can be of any kind, including food or drink consumed on the spot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'store' in WordNet. 1. (25) shop, store - (a mercantile establishment for @ToDo: relationship to 'Merchant'? or to its 'Shopkeeper' Could use more detail about retail selling versus wholesale, and selling goods versus selling services. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'store' in WordNet: 1. (25) shop, store - (a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services; 'he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod') WN noun 'retail store': 1. mercantile establishment, retail store, sales outlet, outlet - (a place of business for retailing goods)
Super-classes	CommercialFacility^c Establishment^c SpaceInAHOC^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Buying^c isManagedBy^op value RetailStore-ParentCompany^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value RetailSale^c
Sub-classes	DrugStore^c Delicatessen^c GroceryStore^c ServiceEstablishment^c JewelryStore-Facility^c CandyStore^c Dealership^c BookStore^c RetailChainStore^c Shop^c ServiceStation^c

RetailStore-ParentCompany^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetailStore-ParentCompany`
Description	`CYC: A collection of businesses; a subset of #$ChainOrganization. An element of #$RetailStore-ParentCompany is a multi-location business with branches or franchises which are (all or mostly) retail stores; e.g., KMart or Penneys. This is distinct from chain service businesses, such as H-and-R Block and JiffyLube, as well as from single-site retail businesses.`
Super-classes	ChainOrganization^c RetailOrganization^c CommercialOrganization^c
Restrictions	manages^op value RetailChainStore^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Macy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Staples http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BurgerKing http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#McDonalds http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoprite http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HomeDepot

Retailer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retailer`
Description	A ''Retailer'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retailer' in WordNet: 1. (5) retailer, retail merchant - (a merchant who sells goods at retail)`
Super-classes	Merchant^c
Restrictions	wasaVendorTo^op value ThePublic^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value RetailSale^c

RetainingPossession^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetainingPossession

Description

The Class of Processes where agent keeps ownership or physical possession of some entity, physical or abstract.

   Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'keep' in WordNet -  no exact sense of 'retain'
      in Wordnet has this meaning; the closest is sense 3
  in WordNet:
    3. (33) keep, hold on - (retain possession of; Can I keep my old stuffed animals?;
       She kept her maiden name after she married)
   WN verb 'retain':
    3. (1) retain, hold, keep back, hold back - (secure and keep for possible future 
       use or application; 'The landlord retained the security deposit'; 
       'I reserve the right to disagree')
   WN noun 'retention':
      1. (1) retention, keeping, holding - (the act of retaining something)

Super-classes Keeping^c
Possession^c

RetainingWall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetainingWall`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retaining wall' in WordNet: 1. retaining wall - (a wall that is built to resist lateral pressure (especially a wall built to prevent the advance of a mass of earth))`
Super-classes	BlockWall^c

Retaliating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retaliating`
Description	'''Retaliating'' is a subtype of 'Punishing' performed by individual Persons or small groups, rather than authorities who perform ''Penalizing'' for breaking a law. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'retaliate' in WordNet: 1. (1) revenge, avenge, retaliate - (take revenge for a perceived wrong; 'He wants to avenge the murder of his brother') WN noun 'revenge': 1. (8) retaliation, revenge - (action taken in return for an injury or offense)`
Super-classes	Punishing^c GettingEven^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or GroupOfPeople^c) wasMotivatedBy^op value HarmingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Revenge^c

Retarded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retarded

Description

This '''Retarded'' is intended for people who are slow to learn and below average IQ at a young age, but may evntually achieve a functional low normal or normal level of intelligence.

     Includes part of 'backward':
      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retarded' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) retarded - (relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development;
           'providing a secure and sometimes happy life for the retarded')
       WN adj 'backward':
          1.  backward, feebleminded - (retarded in intellectual development)

Super-classes Stupid^c

RetardingaProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetardingaProcess`
Description	''RetardingaProcess'' is a transitive Action in which some agent (which could be inanimate) does something to cause the rate of some process to decrease. This is general, for rates of various kinds of processes, such as objects moving, chemical reactions, physiological processes,growing processes, deterioration processes, birth or reproduction rates, and other processes that have a measurable rate. `NOTE: the parent/subtype relation for this and its subtype ''SlowingDownaVehicle'' are inverted in WordNet, and this is made more general to add more specificity to the terms used to describe the subtypes. Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'retard' in WordNet: 2. (1) retard - (cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate; 'This drug will retard your heart rate')`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Restrictions	causes^op value RateDecrease^c hadThingAffected^op some (RateMeasure^c or Rate^c)
Sub-classes	SlowingDownaVehicle^c SlowingDownAnAction^c

Rethinking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rethinking`
Description	''Rethinking'' is a ''FormingAnOpinion'' in which an earlier Opinion on the same topic is changed. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rethink' in WordNet: 1. (2) rethink - (change one's mind; 'He rethought his decision to take a vacation')
Super-classes	Modification^c FormingAnOpinion^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some Opinion^c
Sub-classes	Backpedaling^c

Retina^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retina`
Description	CYC: The collection of all retinas, sensory membranes that line the eye of a #$Vertebrate or #$Cephalopod, receive the image formed by the lens, are the immediate instruments of vision, and are connected with the #$Brain by the #$OpticNerve. Some #$Insects also have #$Retinas. `SUMO: A membrane that covers the Eye and converts the image formed by the lens of the Eye into neurochemical impulses which can be processed by the Brain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retina' in Wordnet: 1. (1) retina - (the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Eye^c

RetinalImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetinalImage`
Description	The abstract image of the retina of an eye (usually human), which may be used for identifiation of individuals, as retinal patterns are distinctive, like fingerprints..
Super-classes	AuthenticationSource^c AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	isanImageOf^op only Retina^c

Retired^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retired

Description

'Retired'' is the characteristic attribute of a ''Retiree''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retired' in WordNet:
           1. (11) retired - (no longer active in your work or profession)

Super-classes Alive^c

Retiree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retiree`
Description	A ''Retiree'' is a person who has retired from a job and is in the state of ''Retirement''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retiree' in WordNet: 1. retiree, retired person - (someone who has retired from active working)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Retirement^c wasCreatedByEvent^op value Retiring^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Retired^c

Retirement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retirement`
Description	''Retirement'' is the Situation in which some Person has retired from some ''JobSituation''. A Person can be in 'Retirement' from one job while holding a different job. So a ''Retiree'' may still be employed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retirement' in WordNet: 1. (9) retirement - (the state of being retired from one's business or occupation)`
Super-classes	SocialState^c RoleSituation^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Retiring^c isPerformedBy^op some Retiree^c

RetirementSavings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetirementSavings`
Description	Each '''RetirementSavings''' is a quantity of money and other asets saved (in any currency), that is sufficient to support a Person in reasonable comfort (as would a ''LivingWage') for the remainder of that person's Lifetime. `Not necessarily as large as ''Wealth'' which would support a luxurious living.`
Super-classes	Savings^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value LivingIncome^c

Retiring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retiring`
Description	''Retiring'' is a ''QuittingAction'' in which some Person voluntarily leaves a ''JobSituation'', usually making that person eligible for some retirement benefits,but not precluding that that Person takes on a different JobSituation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retire' in WordNet: 1. (18) retire - (go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position; 'He retired at age 68')`
Super-classes	QuittingAction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Retirement^c finishes^op some JobSituation^c subjectBecomes^op value Retired^c

Retort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retort`
Description	A ''Retort'' is a verbal ''Answering'' of one comment with another that is intended to be 'Witty'' or is ''Critical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retort' in WordNet: 1. (1) rejoinder, retort, return, riposte, replication, comeback, counter - (a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or critical one); 'it brought a sharp rejoinder from the teacher')`
Super-classes	Answering^c SpokenCommunicating^c
Restrictions	mayHaveAttribute^op value Critical^c isaSubEventOf^op value OralConversation^c wasaResponseToEvent^op value SpokenCommunicating^c mayHaveAttribute^op value Witty^c

RetortVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetortVessel`
Description	This ''RetortVessel'' can be a container used in industrial processes for large-scale processes or a hand-sized object used in a Laboratory for small-scale processes. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'retort' in WordNet: 2. retort - (a vessel where substances are distilled or decomposed by heat)`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ChemicalReaction^c

RetracingaPath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetracingaPath`
Description	''RetracingaPath'' is the Action of reversng one's direction of travel, and going back over the same path ('route') that one has traversed just recently. This is a specificaly physical and spatial type of 'retracing'. The abstract types, such as retracing the steps of one's reasoning proccess, or retracing smoe steps that someone else has taken, would need a different type. This can be for any reason,such as going back (indoors or outdoors) to find something that one has dropped or left behind. This includes going again along the same ath,in the same direction, after one has returned from the prior ''TravellingAlongaPath'' event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retrace' in WordNet: 1. (6) trace, retrace - (to go back over again; 'we retraced the route we took last summer'; 'trace your path')
Super-classes	TravellingAlongaPath^c ReversingEvent^c PhysicalReturn^c ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value TravellingAlongaPath^c occursAt^op value PathOfTravel^c

RetractingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetractingAnObject`
Description	A ''RetractingAnObject'' is a ''PullingEvent'' in which some PhysicalObject which had been 'extended' but not detached from inside some larger object is pulled back inside the larger object. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'retract' in Wordnet: 4. draw in, retract - (pull inward or towards a center; 'The pilot drew in the landing gear'; 'The cat retracted his claws')`
Super-classes	PullingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value SolidObject^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value StickingSomethingOutward^c

RetreatLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetreatLocation`
Description	A ''RetreatLocation'' is any place - an Area, a building, a room in a building, anyplace one can go to be undisturbed. `NOTE: in WN 'retreat' sense 5 seems to be for room in a building; that is included in this, and can be a specific subtype if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'retreat' in WordNet: 2. retreat - (a place of privacy; a place affording peace and quiet) 5. hideaway, retreat - (an area where you can be alone)`
Super-classes	Place^c
Sub-classes	RetreatNook^c

RetreatNook^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetreatNook

Description

A ''RetreatNook'' is similar to a ''RetreatLocation'' but smaller (no bigger than a house) and affording relative privacy. There is lttle distinction in WN between 'nook' and parent 'retreat' but this is not for parcels of land.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nook' in WordNet:
         1. nook - (a sheltered and secluded place)

Super-classes RetreatLocation^c
PartOfBuilding^c

Retro^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retro

Description

''Retro'' is An AttributeValue characterizing ''Actions and ''StylePreference''s like ''Fashion'' asserting that they appear like older Styles that had gone out of fashion.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retro' in Wordnet:
          1. ex post facto, retroactive, retro - (affecting things past; 'retroactive tax increase'; 
             'an ex-post-facto law'; 'retro pay')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RetroFashion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RetroFashion`
Description	'RetroFashion'' ('retro') is a Fashion that is ''OldFashioned'' but newly ''Trendy''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retro' in WordNet: 1. retro - (a fashion reminiscent of the past)`
Super-classes	Fashion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Retro^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OldFashioned^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Trendy^c

Retrospect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retrospect`
Description	''Retrospect'' differs from''Reminiscing''in that this includes a re-evaluation of decisions or actions, and possible reaching different conclusions or new insights. This may be performed by one Person or collectively by a Group. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retrospect' in WordNet: 1. (1) retrospect - (contemplation of things past; 'in retrospect') WN verb 'retrospect': 1. review, look back, retrospect - (look back upon (a period of time, sequence of events); remember; 'she reviewed her achievements with pride')`
Super-classes	Contemplation^c PurposefulMentalActivity^c MentalState^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PastEvent^c hasMinimumDuration^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveMinutes^c wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c

Retrospective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retrospective`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retrospective' in Wordnet: 1. retrospective - (concerned with or related to the past; 'retrospective self-justification')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Retrospectively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Retrospectively`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'retrospectively' in Wordnet: 1. retrospectively - (in a manner contemplative of past events; 'retrospectively, he seems like a great artist')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Returnable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Returnable

Description

''Returnable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for purchased Objects (''Purchase''s) that can be returned to the ''vendor'' from whom it was purchased.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'returnable' in Wordnet:
          1. returnable - (that may be returned; 'returnable bottles and cans'; 
             'this merchandise is returnable if you save the receipt')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Returning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Returning`
Description	'Returning' is the most general sense of 'return' including returning to a state and returning physically to a previous location. Using this type of Event implies that there was a prior state or location or orientation in which a system or object was, and from which it moved (in some sense), to which it now returns as a result of this Event. NOTE that AttributeValues cannot 'return' in this sense - but an Object can have some AttributeValue return to some previous value, and Attributevalues are permitted as values of the restrictions 'hadOriginalAndRecoveredState' and 'hadIntermediateState'' NOTE: reverting to a previous state is the subtype 'Reverting' NOTE that to specify the original state (or attribute, or location) to which the system or its participant returns, the relation 'hadOriginalAndRecoveredState' is a restriction with a required value. But to specify the 'intermediate' state (or attribute, or location) at the beginning of the 'Returning' Event (from which the system returns to its original state) the relation 'hadIntermediateState' can be used, but is not required to specify instances of this type. Also the restriction 'reversesTheEffectOf' requires a reference to the action ('BecomingEvent') that caused the change which was reversed. Includes noun senses 2, 3, 4, and 5 of 'return' and verb senses 1 and 3 of 'return' and verb sense 1 of 'revert' (to a previous state) in WordNet: 2. (7) return, homecoming - - (a coming to or returning home; 'on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party') 3. (3) return, coming back - - (the occurrence of a change in direction back in the opposite direction) 4. (3) restitution, return, restoration, regaining - - (getting something back again; 'upon the restitution of the book to its rightful owner the child was given a tongue lashing') 5. (2) return - - (the act of going back to a prior location; 'they set out on their return to the base camp') WN verb 'return': 1. (111) return, go back, get back, come back - (come back to place where one has been before, or return to a previous activity) 3. (12) revert, return, retrovert, regress, turn back - (go back to a previous state; 'We reverted to the old rules') WN verb 'resume': 2. (5) resume, take up - (return to a previous location or condition; 'The painting resumed its old condition when we restored it')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadOriginalAndRecoveredState^op some (PersistentState^c or AttributeValue^c or GenericLocation^c or EventType^c or AttributeValueType^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c or PersistentState^c or AttributeValue^c or GenericLocation^c or EventType^c or AttributeValueType^c or LocationType^c or Object^c or FunctionalSystem^c or ObjectType^c) reversesTheEffectOf^op some BecomingEvent^c hadMainParticipant^op only (PersistentState^c or AttributeValue^c or GenericLocation^c or EventType^c or AttributeValueType^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c or PersistentState^c or AttributeValue^c or GenericLocation^c or EventType^c or AttributeValueType^c or LocationType^c or Object^c or FunctionalSystem^c or ObjectType^c) hadIntermediateState^op only (PersistentState^c or AttributeValue^c or GenericLocation^c or EventType^c or AttributeValueType^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c or PersistentState^c or AttributeValue^c or GenericLocation^c or EventType^c or AttributeValueType^c or LocationType^c or Object^c or FunctionalSystem^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	PhysicalReturn^c Reverting^c

ReturningHome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReturningHome`
Description	A ''ReturningHome'' is a'PhysicalReturn' in which a Person or persons come back to their Residence after having been 'away' (at least outside the property boundaries). `Includes verb sense 1 of 'go home' and verb sense 1 and noun senses 2 of 'return' in WordNet: WN verb 'go home' 1. (21) go home, head home - (return home; 'After the movie, we went home') WN verb 'return': 1. (111) return, go back, get back, come back - (come back to place where one has been before, or return to a previous activity) WN noun 'return': 2. (7) return, homecoming - - (a coming to or returning home; 'on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party')`
Super-classes	PhysicalReturn^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some (Residence^c or ObjectType^c or Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c) hadMainParticipant^op only (Residence^c or ObjectType^c or Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c)

ReturningaPurchase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReturningaPurchase`
Description	A ''ReturningaPurchase'' is a'PhysicalReturn' (which can be by mail or other delivery service) in which some ''Purchase'' an item purchased) is returned to the ''Vendor'' seller) from whom it was bought. "isUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'return' in WordNet: 5. (3) return, take back, bring back - (bring back to the point of departure)
Super-classes	PhysicalReturn^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op only (Vendor^c or AgentType^c or Purchase^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c) hasEndingPlace^op some (Vendor^c or AgentType^c or Purchase^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c)

ReunionGathering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReunionGathering`
Description	A ''ReunionGathering'' is a ''Party'' organized to be a gathering of People who had associated together at a previous time - as classmates, co-workers, friends, professional colleagues, or others who interact with sufficient frequency to create some bond of friendship. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reunion' in WordNet: 1. (1) reunion - (a party of former associates who have come together again) WN verb 'reunite' 1. (2) reunite - (have a reunion; unite again)`
Super-classes	Party^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfFormerAssociates^c

Reuniting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reuniting`
Description	A ''Reuniting'' is a ''Uniting'' Event that occurs to two or more Things (of any kind) that were previously separated in a ''SeparationEvent''. `NOTE: the usage 'reunify' could be a separate subtype for countries. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reunite' in WordNet: 2. (2) reunify, reunite - (unify again, as of a country; 'Will Korea reunify?') WN noun 'reunification': 1. reunion, reunification - (the act of coming together again; 'monetary unification precipitated the reunification of the German state in October 1990')`
Super-classes	Uniting^c Combining^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value SeparationEvent^c

Reusable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reusable`
Description	The property of things that can be reused in some manner; this is a very general sense, ncluding being 'reusable' in the sense of being able to be used many times (opposed to 'disposable' or 'single-use') and also 'recyclable', being reusable as Scrap, starting material for reprocessing. `@ToDO: No 'reusing' entry??? For the sense of being 'reusable' only as Scrap, use 'Recyclable'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reusable' in WordNet: 1. reclaimable, recyclable, reusable - (capable of being used again)`
Super-classes	Valuable^c
Sub-classes	Recyclable^c

Revamping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revamping`
Description	''Revamping'' is a ''Renewing'' that is an ''ImprovementEvent'' in which the thing renewed had experienced a ''DeteriorationEvent'' or just had its functionality reduced by change in the situation in which it is used. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'revamp' in WordNet: 1. (3) revamp - (to patch up or renovate; repair or restore; 'They revamped their old house before selling it')`
Super-classes	Renewing^c ImprovementEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value DeteriorationEvent^c

Revealing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revealing`
Description	''Revealing'' is the property of something (information, an Event) that makes known to someone something that that Person did not know and did not expect (i.e. not just something learned in the course of reading or conversing with the purpose of learning.). This thing that is reveaed ay or may not have been hidden from view prior to a 'revealing' Event. e..g an Action that 'reveals' a Person's intentions (or knowledge, or ignorance). `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'revealing' in Wordnet: 2. revealing - (showing or making known; 'her dress was scanty and revealing')`
Super-classes	Informative^c
Sub-classes	EyeOpening^c

RevealingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RevealingSomething`
Description	'''RevealingSomething'' is ''ShowingSomething'' that was not visible by uncovering it or otherwise removing some Object that hid the thing revealed from sight. The Object doing the hiding could be as thin as a coating of paint or other substance which,when removed, reveals some underlying pattern on a surface.. This is to make things 'visible' to the eyes by viewing, not for metaphorical 'revealing' (making known). For that use ''Disclosing''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reveal' in WordNet: 1. (34) uncover, bring out, unveil, reveal - (make visible; 'Summer brings out bright clothes'; 'He brings out the best in her'; 'The newspaper uncovered the President's illegal dealings') WN verb 'unveil' 1. (1) unveil - (remove the veil from; 'Women must not unveil themselves in public in Islamic societies') 3. unveil - (remove the cover from; 'unveil a painting')`
Super-classes	AppearingEvent^c ShowingSomething^c RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Visible^c
Sub-classes	DevelopingFilm^c

RevealingaFact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RevealingaFact`
Description	''RevealingaFact'' is an ''AssertingOrally'' in which an agent orally reveals (discloses) some Fact that was not previously obvious or known to the listener(s) i.e.a''Secret'' or somevery confidential information. @mod61 The difference between this and other 'revealing' types is not yet (rev1461) fully clear; differences are that This is oral, and it is not a 'making something visible'. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'revelation' in WordNet: 1. (4) disclosure, revelation, revealing - (the speech act of making something evident)`
Super-classes	AssertingOrally^c DisclosingaSecret^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some (Fact^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	UnintentionalDiscosure^c

Reveille^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reveille`
Description	"playingamus Corresponds to noun sense 1 and part of sense 2 (for the military bugle call) of 'reveille' in WordNet: 1. reveille, wake-up signal - ((military) signal to wake up) 2. reveille - (a signal to get up in the morning; in the military it is a bugle call at sunrise)
Super-classes	BugleCall^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value WakingUpAnAnimal^c

Revelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revelation`
Description	This ''Revelation'' is a sudden ''Insight'' about something that was not previously obvious. This differs from other types of 'revelation' in not being the direct result of of a communication or an observation, but of a thinking process that makes something clear. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'revelation' in WordNet: 2. (4) revelation - (an enlightening or astonishing disclosure) WN noun 'breakthrough': 1. (1) discovery, breakthrough, find - (a productive insight)`
Super-classes	Insight^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Thinking^c

Revelry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revelry`
Description	''Revelry'' is an intense ''Merrymaking''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revelry' in WordNet: 1. (1) revel, revelry - (unrestrained merrymaking) WN verb 'revel': 2. revel, racket, make whoopie, make merry, make happy, whoop it up, jollify, wassail - (celebrate noisily, often indulging in drinking; engage in uproarious festivities; 'The members of the wedding party made merry all night'; 'Let's whoop it up--the boss is gone!')`
Super-classes	Merrymaking^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unrestrained^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Noisy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enjoyable^c

Revenge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revenge`
Description	''Revenge'' is a ''GettingEven'' caused by ''Anger'' and motivated by a perception of having been harmed. The WN 'getting even' suggests a 'group action', but this type includes individuals or groups as the agent performing this. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revenge' in WordNet: 1. (8) retaliation, revenge - (action taken in return for an injury or offense) WN noun 'payback': 2. vengeance, retribution, payback - (the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life; 'Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord'--Romans 12:19; 'For vengeance I would do nothing. This nation is too great to look for mere revenge'--James Garfield; 'he swore vengeance on the man who betrayed him'; 'the swiftness of divine retribution')
Super-classes	Retaliating^c HarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Anger^c

Revenue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revenue`
Description	''Revenue'' is the total of PaymentAmounts that are received in some particular time interval by some ''LegalAgent'', not corrected for any costs incurred in obtaining the payments. For a business this would be the 'gross receipts'. Accontants my calculate the ''Revenue'' in different ways depending on the way oney is paid or promised. This includes revenues for governmental organizations as well as private organizations and individual, and also includes the sum of donations to charitabl organizations, not just taxes or sales. `For individuals, use ''Income'' or ''Wages''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'revenue' in WordNet: 1. (5) gross, revenue, receipts - (the entire amount of income before any deductions are made) 2. tax income, taxation, tax revenue, revenue - (government income due to taxation)`
Super-classes	Group^c Income^c PeriodicPayment^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op only ReceivingMoney^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gross-NoDeductions^c hasComponentElement^op only PaymentAmount^c
Sub-classes	Sales^c

Revered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revered`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'revered' in Wordnet: 1. (1) august, revered, venerable - (profoundly honored; 'revered holy men')`
Super-classes	Esteemed^c Honored^c

Reverence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reverence`
Description	Emotion inspired by something sacred or inviolable which arouses one's deep respect or veneration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reverence' in WordNet: 1. fear, reverence, awe, veneration - (a profound emotion inspired by a deity; 'the fear of God')`
Super-classes	Respect^c EmotionalState^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some God^c

Reversible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reversible

Description

''Reversible'' is the attribute of an''Event'' whose effec can be reversed so that the object has the same attribute as the prior Event that is 'reversed'.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'reversible' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) reversible - (capable of reversing or being reversed; 'reversible hypertension')
         3. reversible - (capable of being reversed; 'a reversible decision is one 
              that can be appealed or vacated')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ReversibleProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReversibleProcess`
Description	Instances are processes that have a #$reverseProcessType, i.e. they can be undone. `This is an ''Event'', not a FunctionalProcess. COSMO note: @ToDo: this type should be the domain for the relation 'reversesTheEffectOf', but that would require a 'ReversibleProcessType', not yet (rev913) added to COSMO.`
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	ReversibleStateChange^c

ReversibleStateChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReversibleStateChange`
Description	Any Event in which a change of physical state occurs and may be reversed. The common state changes are melting, freezing, boiling and condensation, but there are more varied and subtle changes in physical state, including things like crystal form, DNA denaturation/renaturation, and magnetization state changes, that are included within this category. In Cyc called 'StateOfMatterChangeEvent' Cyc: #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent is the collection of events in which some piece of matter changes from one of the physical states of matter to another. Such changes of state can be induced by changes in temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of kinetic energy). Each particular instance of #$Boiling, #$Freezing, #$Evaporating, #$Condensing, #$Melting, etc. is an instance of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of matter, namely, #$Solid-StateOfMatter, #$Plasma-StateOfMatter, #$Liquid-StateOfMatter, #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter. See #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState and its individual state constants. In SUMO 'StateChange' SUMO: Any Process where the PhysicalState of part of the patient of the Process changes.
Super-classes	ReversibleProcess^c StateChange^c
Sub-classes	ChangingDeviceState^c

ReversingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReversingEvent`
Description	A ''ReversingEvent'' changes some attribute (of an object or event) so that it becomes contrasting to the previous attribute of same attribute type. So, 'hot' can become''cold'. For ''ReversingEvent''s that reverse the effect of a prior Event use subtype ''UndoingAction''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reverse' in WordNet: 1. (8) change by reversal, turn, reverse - (change to the contrary; 'The trend was reversed'; 'the tides turned against him'; 'public opinion turned when it was revealed that the president had an affair with a White House intern')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value QualitativelyOpposite^c causes^op value BeingContrasting^c hadThingAffected^op some (AttributeType^c or Attribute^c or AttributeValue^c or AttributeTypeType^c or AttributeValueType^c)
Sub-classes	RetracingaPath^c UndoingAction^c

ReversingRotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReversingRotation`
Description	A periodic movement in which some Object rotates around an axis and then reverses the rotation, such that the back-and-forth cycle is repeated more than once, not necessarily at identical intervals of time. `In CYC there is a type 'PeriodicReversingRotation' that is not in the version of OpenCYC referenced in COSMO. This type would likely be equivalent to that CYC type.`
Super-classes	PartialRotation^c Movement-TranslationProcess^c Oscillating^c Rotation-Periodic^c
Sub-classes	RockingMotion^c Swinging^c

Reverting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reverting

Description

A 'Reverting' is a'Returning' in which some PersistentState (which may involve many Objects) goes back to a previous PersistentState from which it had changed.

     Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'return' and verb sense 1 of 'revert'
        (to a previous state) in WordNet:
      WN verb 'return':
         1. (111) return, go back, get back, come back - 
             (come back to place where one has been before, or return to a previous activity)
         3. (12) revert, return, retrovert, regress, turn back -- (go back to a previous state;
             'We reverted to the old rules')

Super-classes Returning^c

ReviewArticle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReviewArticle

Description

An 'Article' that is a review of anything that people might have an interest in, and want to know the quality of. Among things reviewed are commonly 'ConceptualWork's such as music or books, Organizations (schools, sports teams), Products, Places (e.g. scenic places or resorts), entertainment performances, and many others. A review may or may not give a 'rating' to the thing reviewed. (NOTE: not all ratings are associated with 'Reviews' - a school course grade is not a Review. A Review must be an article available to some interested segment of the public).

      For senses of 'critique' not presented in a 'ReviewArticle'' use ''Critique''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'review' in WordNet:
          2. (2) review, critique, critical review, review article - (an essay or article 
            that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play))

Super-classes Commentary^c
Article^c

Reviewer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reviewer`
Description	A ''Reviewer'' is a ''Critic'' who reads an article submitted for publication and experesses a judgment as to its suitability. A 'Reviewer' may approve an article contingent on certain changes, or may reject it completely. There are often more than one reviewer for each article. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reviewer' in WordNet: 1. (1) reviewer, referee, reader - (someone who reads manuscripts and judges their suitability for publication)`
Super-classes	Critic^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Critiquing^c

ReviewingAnArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReviewingAnArticle`
Description	Each 'ReviewingAnArticle'' is a type of ''Critiquing'' in which some ''Reviewer'' reads and evaluates the quality of an article submitted for publication, and reccommends acceptance, rejection, or revisions followed by further review. `This is a common Action in the process of preparing and publishing articles in professional journals as well as other types of periodicals.`
Super-classes	Critiquing^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Submission^c isPerformedBy^op value Reviewer^c

Revised^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revised`
Description	Something ''Revised'' is something has has been subjected to a ''Revising'' Action. Typically documents. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'revised' in Wordnet: 1. (3) revised - (improved or brought up to date; 'a revised edition') 2. revised - (altered or revised by rephrasing or by adding or deleting material; 'the amended bill passed easily') WN noun 'revision': 1. (3) revision, alteration - (the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification); 'it would require a drastic revision of his opinion')`
Super-classes	Changed^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Updated^c

Revising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revising`
Description	''Revising'' is a ''Modification' of some abstract ''ConceptualWork'' to produce a ''Version'' which usually retains most of the parts of the original, with changes in some parts (or additions or deletions). NOTE: for ease of representation, the 'original' that was 'revised' will be considered an instance of ''Version'' - with the limiting degree of ''Revising'' being none at all in that case. NOTE: this type can also be used for the conceptual content of the ''ConceptualWork''; ths, a ''Theory'' can be revised. @ToDO: needs more consideration - created at different times? Different relations of 'identity' - identical content" Since what was modifed is an Abstract work, the propositional content of a ''Version'' that is identical to the original is the same as the original. Note that an ''OriginalVersion'' can be produced by a modification and subsequent reversal of the modification. (Interesting note: the frst original and subsequent originals will have different creation times - the creation time of an abstract objects does not preclude it being identical to one created at a different time.??? - - - use ''hasIdenticalContent'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'revise' in WordNet: 1. (6) revise - (make revisions in; 'revise a thesis') WN noun 'revision': 1. (3) revision, alteration - (the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification); 'it would require a drastic revision of his opinion')
Super-classes	Modification^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Revision^c produces^op some Version^c
Sub-classes	Amending^c

Revision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revision`
Description	A ''Revision'' is a variant ''Version'' of some ''TextualPCW'' (inluding abstract texts on any topic) that has been revised in some manner, to improve the content for any reason. Very general. This can include the conceptual content of ''TextualPCW'',such as a ''Theory'' or ''Belief''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revision' in WordNet: 3. (1) rewrite, revision, rescript - (something that has been written again; 'the rewrite was much better')`
Super-classes	Version^c TextualPCW^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value AdaptingSomething^c

Revisionist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revisionist`
Description	A ''Revisionist'' is a ''Person'' who supports the conceptual content of some ''Revision''. This can apply to theories and Beliefs, including political 'dogmas'. `The only WN sense for 'revisionist' is specific for Marxist revisionists. This type is more general.`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op value Revision^c

RevisitingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RevisitingaPlace`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'revisit' in WordNet: 1. revisit - (visit again; 'We revisited Rome after 25 years')`
Super-classes	VisitingaPlace^c Recurrence^c PhysicalReturn^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value VisitingaPlace^c

Revitalization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revitalization`
Description	''Revitalization'' includes 'revival', broadly applicable to any action that copies to some degree a prior Action that has been discontinued. This is the only entry for 'revivification' in WN,but this does not apply to bringing living things back to life. That is 'revive'in WN, and ''Resurrecting'' in COSMO.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revitalization' in WordNet: 1. revival, resurgence, revitalization, revitalisation, revivification - (bringing again into activity and prominence; 'the revival of trade'; 'a revival of a neglected play by Moliere'; 'the Gothic revival in architecture')`
Super-classes	MakingaCopy^c RestoringEvent^c ImprovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	RevivingaPerformance^c Renaissance^c

RevitalizingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RevitalizingaPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revitalize' in WordNet: 1. (1) regenerate, revitalize - (restore strength; 'This food revitalized the patient') 2. revitalize, revitalise - (give new life or vigor to)`
Super-classes	Renewing^c ImprovementEvent^c EnergizingaPerson^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op value Vitality^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value LosingBodilyVitality^c

RevivingaPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RevivingaPerformance`
Description	''RevivingaPerformance'' is a ''Restoring'' that creates a newer and possibly modified but still recognizable version of an older Performance such as a Play or Movie, that is again performed in popular venues (such as Broadway) after the earlier version had been discontinued. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'revive' in WordNet: 4. (1) revive, resurrect - (restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state; 'He revived this style of opera'; 'He resurrected the tango in this remote part of Argentina')`
Super-classes	Revitalization^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value NotBeingPerformed^c

Revoked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revoked`
Description	Something ''Revoked'' has been the direct Object of a ''revoking'' Action. The Object is typically some kind of ''Rule'' or decision (e.g.judicial ruling).
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Revoking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revoking`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'revoke' in WordNet: 2. revoke, annul, lift, countermand, reverse, repeal, overturn, rescind, vacate - (annul by recalling or rescinding; 'He revoked the ban on smoking'; 'lift an embargo'; 'vacate a death sentence')`
Super-classes	Canceling^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Revoked^c

Revolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revolution`
Description	A ''Revolution'' is an action involving a GroupOfPeople that results in a change of goverment through means not contemplated in the existing laws. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'revolution' in WordNet: 2. (6) revolution - (the overthrow of a government by those who are governed)`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c DramaticEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value GovernmentOverthrow^c

Revolutionary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revolutionary`
Description	A ''Revolutionary'' is a ''Radical' who supports some cause considered as 'extreme' or 'radical' by a majority of people.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revolutionary' in WordNet: 1. revolutionist, revolutionary, subversive, subverter - (a radical supporter of political or social revolution)`
Super-classes	Radical^c
Sub-classes	Rebel^c

Revolutionizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revolutionizing`
Description	''Revolutionizing'' is the Action of causing a dramatic change in some manner of doing some HumanActivity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'revolutionize' in WordNet: 1. (2) revolutionize, revolutionise, overturn - (change radically; 'E-mail revolutionized communication in academe') WN noun 'revolution': 1. (6) revolution - (a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving; 'the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution')`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some (System^c or HumanActivity^c or SystemType^c or ActionType^c)

Revolver^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revolver

Description

A Handgun with a revolving cylindrical chamber that holds the bullets and allows one to fire five to ten bullets without reloading.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revolver' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) revolver, six-gun, six-shooter - 
           (a pistol with a revolving cylinder (usually having six chambers for bullets))

Super-classes Handgun^c

Revulsion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Revulsion`
Description	Extreme repugnance felt towards a person or thing, typically resulting in strenuous efforts to avoid it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revulsion' and sense 1 of 'repugnance' in WordNet: 1. (3) repugnance, repulsion, revulsion, horror - (intense aversion)`
Super-classes	Disgust^c
Sub-classes	Abhorrence^c

Reward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Reward`
Description	A Reward is something given or proposed to be given in consideration of a Person doing something desirable to the agent giving the Reward. Every Reward is a thing given in some 'GivingaReward' event (executed or proposed or hypothetical). This is the most general sense of 'Reward'; a 'reward' posted for the capture of a criminal is itself an OfferingaReward Event, but the referenced Reward in such an Offer is included in this type. A Reward can be intangible such as a right, so it is not always a PhysicalObject. Almost anything valuable can be a Reward; a Reward is merely the Role that something plays in a certain type of 'Giving' action. It is unclear how long something given as a Reward can continue to play the Role of 'Reward'. A Reward has some resemblance to a Gift, and additional discussion can be found under 'Gift'. This sense does not include the offer of a reward (a Communication), as in sense 4 of 'reward': for that see ''OfferingaReward'': WN However, the potential Reward referred to in an OfferingaReward' is WN an instance of this type. The Reward can be the object given in WN a hypothetical GivingaReward, as well as in an executed action. WN WN a Reward in COSMO is always something positive, so it is never WN a punishment, as suggested in sense 1: Includes noun senses 2 and 3 and part of sense 1 of 'reward' in WordNet; 1. (4) wages, reward, payoff - (a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing; 'the wages of sin is death'; 'virtue is its own reward') 2. (2) reward - (payment made in return for a service rendered) 3. (2) reward, reinforcement - (an act performed to strengthen approved behavior)
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c Role^c GoodThing^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op value GivingaReward^c
Sub-classes	Bounty^c

Rewarding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rewarding`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rewarding' in Wordnet: 1. (2) rewarding - (providing personal satisfaction; 'a rewarding career as a paramedic')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c

ReworkingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ReworkingSomething`
Description	''ReworkingSomething'' is a generic type representing the 'recreating'of some Artifact (physical or abstract) that had previously been created by a previous ''CreatingAnArtifact'' Action, ''Altering'' the Artifact with the intention of improving it for some purpose. `For 'reworking' metal objects, combine this type with ''WorkingaMetalObject''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rework' in Wordnet: 1. rework, make over, retread - (use again in altered form; 'retread an old plot')`
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtifact^c Altering^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value CreatingAnArtifact^c

Rhenium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhenium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Rhenium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhenium' in WordNet:
          1. rhenium, Re, atomic number 75 - 
             (a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese 
             chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product 
             in refining molybdenum)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

Rheostat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rheostat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rheostat' in WordNet: 1. rheostat, variable resistor - (resistor for regulating current)`
Super-classes	Resistor^c VariableThing^c
Restrictions	controls^op value ElectricCurrent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Controllable^c
Sub-classes	Dimmer^c

Rhetoric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhetoric`
Description	''Rhetoric'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that concerns itself with the use of a ''RhetoricalManner'' in writing or speech. RHW: 3. the study of the effective use of language. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhetoric' in WordNet: 4. rhetoric - (study of the technique and rules for using language effectively (especially in public speaking))`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c Methodology^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value RhetoricalManner^c

Rhetorical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhetorical

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rhetorical' in Wordnet:
          1. rhetorical - (of or relating to rhetoric; 'accepted two or three verbal 
              and rhetorical changes I suggested'- W.A.White; 'the rhetorical sin
              of the meaningless variation'- Lewis Mumford)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RhetoricalDeviceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RhetoricalDeviceType`
Description	An instance of ''RhetoricalDeviceType'' can be any Object, Attribute, or Event that is often employed for rhetorical effect or in debate or argument.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	FigureOfSpeech Simile PigeonHole Metaphor Exaggerating Pigeonholing Exaggeration RhetoricalPhrase RhetoricalManeuver Cliche Onomatopoeia

RhetoricalManeuver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RhetoricalManeuver`
Description	A 'RhetoricalManeuver' is a LinguisticCommunication (use of a Phrase of any length) in which the speaker or writer uses words in a manner to convince an audience of some idea even if the literal or logical meaning of the words used themselves do not contain that meaning. `Some but not all ''RhetoricalManeuver''s are ''Misleading''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhetorical device' in WordNet: 1. rhetorical device - (a use of language that creates a literary effect (but often without regard for literal significance))`
Super-classes	Maneuver^c LinguisticCommunication^c Informing^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Misinforming^c uses^op value RhetoricalPhrase^c
Sub-classes	FigureOfSpeech^c Exaggerating^c Onomatopoeia^c

RhetoricalManner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RhetoricalManner`
Description	''RhetoricalManner' is a ''LinguisticManner''(an ''AttributeType'') that (usually) intentionally expresses thought in a manner that implies ideas or assertions that are not literally contained in the words used. This type includes senses 1 and 4 of 'rhetoric' in WordNet - the use of rhetoric and the study of rhetoric. These two can be differentiated but are conflated here. For ''Rhetoric'' the FieldOfStudy use ''Rhetoric'' `Rhetoric does not have to be nonliteral, so they are separate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhetoric' in WordNet: 1. rhetoric - (using language effectively to please or persuade)`
Super-classes	LinguisticManner^c
Sub-classes	Bombast^c Grandiloquence^c

RhetoricalPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RhetoricalPhrase`
Description	A ''RhetoricalPhrase'' is a type of ''Phrase'' (Group of Words) that is intended to be interpreted in a manner that provides support for some argument being made by the speaker, whether or not the literal interpretation of that phrase would provide a similar degree of support. `Such phrases are intended to evoke thoughts that may not be suggested by logical inference on or literal interpretation of the same phrase. Such phrases are used in linguistic exressons that are ''RhetoricalManeuver''s.`
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value RhetoricalManeuver^c

RhetoricalTactic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RhetoricalTactic`
Description	A ''RhetoricalTactic'' is a ''Plan'' that specifies some use of language in some non-literal or evocative manner to convince the audience of some point one wants to make. This is an abstract 'specification' for how to use language that has its execution in some ''RhetoricalManeuver''. `This is related to the WN 'rhetorical device' but that WN synset seems closer to the actual execution and is the WN label for ''RhetoricalManeuver'.`
Super-classes	Tactic^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op some (RhetoricalManeuver^c or RhetoricalDeviceType^c)

Rhinoceros^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhinoceros

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhinoceros' in WordNet:
          1. (1) rhinoceros, rhino - (massive powerful herbivorous odd-toed 
          ungulate of southeast Asia and Africa having very thick skin 
          and one or two horns on the snout)

Super-classes HoofedMammal^c
PlacentalMammal^c

Rhizome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhizome`
Description	An elongated underground stem, sometimes swollen and serving as a storage organ. `RHW 'rhizome': a rootlike subterranean stem, commonly horizontal in position, that usually produces roots below and sends up shoots progressively from the upper surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhizome' in WordNet: 1. rhizome, rootstock, rootstalk - (a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure)`
Super-classes	PlantReproductiveStructure^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Underground^c isTheBottomPartOf^op value Stem^c resembles^op value Root^c hasOrientation^op value Horizontal^c
Sub-classes	GingerRoot^c

Rhizopod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhizopod`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhizopod ' in WordNet: 1. rhizopod, rhizopodan - (protozoa characterized by a pseudopod)`
Super-classes	Protozoan^c
Sub-classes	Amoeba^c

Rhodium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhodium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Rhodium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhodium' in WordNet:
          1. rhodium, Rh, atomic number 45 - 
            (a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group 
            and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Rhododendron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhododendron`
Description	A ''Rhododendron'' is a popular flowering garden bush. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhododendron' in WordNet: 1. rhododendron - (any shrub of the genus Rhododendron: evergreen shrubs or small shrubby trees having leathery leaves and showy clusters of campanulate (bell-shaped) flowers)`
Super-classes	Bush^c HeathOrder^c
Sub-classes	Azalea^c

Rhomboid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhomboid

Description

A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Parallelogram. This is the collection of all parallelograms whose adjacent sides are of unequal length.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhomboid' in WordNet:
          1. rhomboid - (a parallelogram with adjacent sides of unequal lengths;
          an oblique-angled parallelogram with only the opposite sides equal)

Super-classes Parallelogram^c

Rhombus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhombus`
Description	A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Parallelogram and #$EquilateralPolygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all rhombus-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhombus' in Wordnet: 1. rhombus, rhomb - (a parallelogram with four equal sides; an oblique-angled equilateral parallelogram)`
Super-classes	EquilateralPolygon^c Parallelogram^c
Restrictions	hasNumberOfSides^fp value 4^c
Sub-classes	Square^c

Rhyme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhyme`
Description	A ''Rhyme'' is a ''Similarity'' (a ''HavingAnAttribute'',a ''Quality'') and a PersistentState in which a pair of words have a similar sound, especially in the final syllable or final two syllables. The degree of rhyming in a line of verse can vary,in some cases being more than two syllables and more than two words in a line. In general, the vowel sound of rhyming syllables must be similar, and the similarity of final consonants increases the degree of rhyming. `NOTE: this 'rhyme' is for rhyming words, not whole lines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhyme' in WordNet: 1. (1) rhyme, rime - (correspondence in the sounds of two or more lines (especially final sounds)) WN verb 'rhyme': 2. rhyme, rime - (be similar in sound, especially with respect to the last syllable; 'hat and cat rhyme')`
Super-classes	Similarity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Rhymed^c

Rhymed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhymed

Description

      A ''GroupOfWords'' in  which each Word has a similar sound is ''Rhymed''.
      A ''GroupOfWords'' organized by lines, where  the last word of each line
          has a similar sound is also ''Rhymed''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rhymed' in Wordnet:
           1. rhymed, rhyming, riming - (having corresponding sounds 
             especially terminal sounds; 'rhymed verse'; 'rhyming words')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Rhythmic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rhythmic

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rhythmic' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) rhythmical, rhythmic - (recurring with measured regularity;
            'the rhythmic chiming of church bells'- John Galsworthy; "rhythmical prose")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RhythmicBeat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RhythmicBeat

Description

A specialization of Music, being the set of notes that are timed to create the basic rhythm of a piece, setting the rate at which the notes are played and indicating which notes receive particular emphasis. This is a Sound, so it is not an Attribute of a musical piece. @ToDo: the attribute of timing, the rate at which notes are played, is not yet represented.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhythm' and sense 3 of 'beat' in WordNet:
        3. (1) rhythm, beat, musical rhythm - (the basic rhythmic unit 
          in a piece of music; 'the piece has a fast rhythm'; 
          'the conductor set the beat')

Super-classes Music^c

Rib^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rib`
Description	`In CYC 'Rib-AnimalBodyPart Part of a rib cage Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rib' in WordNet: 2. (2) rib, costa - (any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates))`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Chest-BodyPart^c

RibCage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RibCage`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rib cage' in WordNet: 1. (2) rib cage - (the bony enclosing wall of the chest)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c SkeletalStructure^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op min 6

Ribbon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ribbon`
Description	A flat strip of cloth (perhaps synthetic fiber) used for decorating something - gift packages, rooms, hair. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'ribbon' in WordNet: 4. ribbon - (notion consisting of a narrow strip of fine material used for trimming)`
Super-classes	CordlikeObject^c TextileArtifact^c RibbonlikeObject^c
Sub-classes	HairRibbon^c

RibbonlikeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RibbonlikeObject`
Description	A Three-dimensional Object that has one dimension much thinner (> 10X) than the other two, and one of the other two dimensions is much shorter (> 5X) than the other.
Super-classes	FilamentlikeObject^c Strip^c FlatObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Ribbon^c
Sub-classes	HoseClamp^c Strap^c StrapHandle^c RubberStrip^c Ribbon^c Belt-Clothing^c Streamer^c Tape^c Suspenders^c

Ribose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ribose

Description

''Ribose'' is a pentose monosaccharide. It forms part of the 'ribonucleotides' which are themselves monomer units for RNA.

       CYC: A collection of molecules. Instances of #$Ribose
        are molecules of a certain kind of sugar.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robose' in WordNet:
          1. ribose - (a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid)

Super-classes MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c
Pentose^c

RibosomalRNA^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RibosomalRNA

Description

''RibosomalRNA''is the type of RNA that is one of the main constituent substances of a ''Ribosome' (together with Protein). This is a substance, not (as in CYC) a single molecule.

       CYC: #$RibosomalRNA is the collection of #$RNAMolecules
        that form the core of a cell's #$Ribosome, the site of
        protein synthesis during #$Translation-RNAToProtein.

Super-classes RNA^c

Ribosome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ribosome`
Description	$Ribosome is the collection of small spherical `organelles located in cells which serve as the site for protein synthesis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ribosome' in WordNet: 1. ribosome - (an organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; they attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and then stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when it reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecule for use by the cell; 'the ribosome is the site of protein synthesis')`
Super-classes	Organelle^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value RibosomalRNA^c isInsideOf^op value Cytoplasm^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Protein^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value ProteinSynthesis^c

Rice-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rice-Foodstuff`
Description	Foods consisting of rice; may be in the form of grains, rice flour, or other forms, so long as it is wholly or mainly rice. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rice' in WordNet: 1. (5) rice - - (grains used as food either unpolished or more often polished)`
Super-classes	CerealFood^c ExistingStuffType^c VegetableMatter^c
Sub-classes	RiceFlour^c

RiceFlour^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiceFlour

Description

Flour made from Rice.

    Included as part of noun sense 1 of 'flour' in WordNet:
      1. (3) flour - (fine powdery foodstuff obtained by
          grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain)

Super-classes Flour^c
Rice-Foodstuff^c

RicePlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RicePlant

Description

Individual rice plants.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rice' in WordNet:
      2. (4) rice - - (annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses;
        seed used for food; straw used for paper)

Super-classes CerealPlant^c

Rich-Fertile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rich-Fertile

Description

''Rich-Fertile'' is an attribute of ''Soil'' or of some ''Tract'' of ''Ground'' that is better than average at supporting growth of plants, especially crop plants.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'rich' in Wordnet:
          4. (2) fat, fertile, productive, rich -
             (marked by great fruitfulness; 'fertile farmland'; 
             'a fat land'; 'a productive vineyard'; 'rich soil')

Super-classes FitForaPurpose^c
Useful^c

RichFlavored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RichFlavored

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 10 of 'rich' in Wordnet:
           10. full-bodied, racy, rich, robust - (marked by richness and fullness of flavor; 
              'a rich ruby port'; 'full-bodied wines'; 'a robust claret'; 
              'the robust flavor of fresh-brewed coffee')

Super-classes TasteAttribute^c

Riches^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Riches`
Description	Riches is one or more ''Asset''s worth some large amount of money, or of some valuable goods that can be traded for money. The actual number is somewhat vague and will vary with time and with the community using such concepts. This need not be a ''LiquidAsset'', which can be quickly converted to cash. `For ''Riches''owned by an individual ''Person'' use subtype ''Wealth''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'riches' and sense 3 of 'wealth' in WordNet: 1. wealth, riches - (an abundance of material possessions and resources)`
Super-classes	Asset^c
Sub-classes	Treasure^c Wealth^c Fortune^c

Richly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Richly

Description

'''' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective or Action and specifies that the degree or intensity of the action or attribute is greater than required or more than average.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'richly' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) amply, richly - (to an ample degree or in an ample manner;
               'these voices were amply represented'; 'we benefited richly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Richness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Richness`
Description	''Richness'' is a ''Quality'' of things that provide a level of some sensation, especially of taste or sound or vision, that is more than average for things of that type. `NOTE: the WOrdnet gloss indicates that this is for sensations, but this type also includes the Quality of something that provides such a ''Sensation''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'richness' in WordNet: 3. (1) fullness, mellowness, richness - (the property of a sensation that is rich and pleasing; "the music had a fullness that echoed through the hall"; "the cheap wine had no body, no mellowness"; "he was well aware of the richness of his own appearance")`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value RichFlavored^c

Rickets^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rickets`
Description	''Rickets'' is a vitamin D deficiency, usually suffered during Childood. `CYC: A condition arising from having a vitamin D deficiency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rickets' in WordNet: 1. rickets, rachitis - (childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus)`
Super-classes	Avitaminosis^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value VitaminD^c

Rickettsia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rickettsia

Description

CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium in a #$BiologicalGenus in the #$MoneraKingdom. These #$ProkaryoticCells are rods, nonmotile without flagella. They are #$AerobicBacterium. They use glutamate as their main energy source in respiration. Glucose is not used. These are small #$Bacterium that are transmitted to humans by arthropods and cause various types of diseases, such as #$TyphusFeverGroup. Some #$BiologicalSpecies are transmitted transovarially in the arthropod, which serves as a vector and reservoir.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rickettsia' in WordNet:
          1. rickettsia - (any of a group of very small rod-shaped bacteria
             that live in biting arthropods (as ticks and mites) and cause 
             disease in vertebrate hosts; they cause typhus and other 
             febrile diseases in human beings)

Super-classes Parasite^c
AerobicBacterium^c
LivingBiologicalAgent^c

RickettsialDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RickettsialDisease`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rickettsial disease' in WordNet: 1. rickettsial disease, rickettsiosis - (infectious disease caused by ticks or mites or body lice infected with rickettsial bacteria)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c
Sub-classes	Typhus^c

Rickshaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rickshaw`
Description	'jinrikisha' is Japanese for 'person powered car'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rickshaw' in WordNet: 1. jinrikisha, ricksha, rickshaw - (a small two-wheeled cart for one passenger; pulled by one person)`
Super-classes	MusclePoweredDevice^c Device-UserPowered^c Cart^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value Passenger^c

RiddenAnimalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiddenAnimalType`
Description	''RiddenAnimalType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of AnimalType that can serve as type for any animal that can serve to transport a Person on its back. The most common modern instances are Horse and Camel, though others were sometimes used in olden days.
Super-classes	BeastType^c
Members	Donkey Horse Camel RaceHorse Ass

Ridding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ridding`
Description	An Action in which.an agent physically removes one or more undesirable PhysicalObjects from some Place. In the case of living pests, Ridding can be accomplished by killing them; to rid an animal of an infectious disease it is enough to reduce the body burden of pathogenic microorganisms to a level that does not cause symptoms. Having an instance of this Action implies that something undesirable was present in a Place, and after the action it was not present. @ToDo: NOTE that both 'rid' and 'get rid of' are tagged as labels, but these two verbs have different semantic objects. They should be distinguished. e.g. 'rid the house of rats' vs. 'get rid of the rats in the house' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rid' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of verb 'get rid of' in WordNet: 1. (5) rid, free, disembarrass - (relieve from; 'Rid the house of pests') WN verb 'get rid of': 1. (7) get rid of, remove - (dispose of; 'Get rid of these old shoes!'; 'The company got rid of all the dead wood') 2. (3) eliminate, get rid of, do away with - (terminate or take out; 'Let's eliminate the course on Akkadian hieroglyphics') 3. abolish, get rid of - (do away with; 'Slavery was abolished in the mid-19th century in America and in Russia')
Super-classes	DesirableEvent^c RemovingPhysically^c
Sub-classes	Discarding^c

Riddle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Riddle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'riddle' in WordNet: 1. (1) riddle, conundrum, enigma, brain-teaser - (a difficult problem)`
Super-classes	ProblemToBeSolved^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value Mystery^c

Rider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rider`
Description	A ''Rider'' is a Person who is transported (frequently, occasionally, or at one time) on the back of some instance of ''RiddenAnimalType'' (usually horse or camel) This is not a ''Passenger'', who rides on or in a transportation device. The ''Rider'' is the one who congtrols the animal being ridden. If there are thers on the same animal, they would be instances of parent type ''Traveler''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rider' in WordNet: 1. (11) rider - (a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel))`
Super-classes	Traveler^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op some RidingaBeast^c performsAction^op some RidingaBeast^c controlsManually^op some RiddenAnimalType^c
Sub-classes	Cyclist^c Motorcyclist^c HorsebackRider^c

Ridge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ridge`
Description	A ''Ridge'' is any long narrow ''Convexity'' on the surface. of a relatively flat PhysicalObject. `For the Topographical 'ridge' on the Earth's surface use ''LandRidge''. Includes noun senses 2 to 4 of 'ridge' in WordNet: 2. ridge - (any long raised strip) 3. ridge - (a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean) 4. ridge, ridgeline - (a long narrow range of hills)`
Super-classes	Convexity^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	OceanRidge^c LandRidge^c

RidiculingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidiculingSomeone`
Description	''RidiculingSomeone'' is a more intensive form of ''MockingSomeone'' in which the disapproval is expressed in terms tending to make the ''Target'' appear ridiculous. `RHW 'mockery': 1. ridicule, contempt, or derision.??same?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ridicule' in WordNet: 1. (3) ridicule, roast, guy, blackguard, laugh at, jest at, rib, make fun, poke fun - (subject to laughter or ridicule; 'The satirists ridiculed the plans for a new opera house'; 'The students poked fun at the inexperienced teacher'; 'His former students roasted the professor at his 60th birthday')`
Super-classes	Mockery^c
Sub-classes	DebunkingSomeone^c

Ridiculous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ridiculous

Description

''Ridiculous'' is more intense than ''Silly'' on the scale of being unreasonalble.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'ridiculous' in WordNet:
       2. (3) absurd, cockeyed, derisory, idiotic, laughable,
         ludicrous, nonsensical, preposterous, ridiculous - 
         (incongruous;inviting ridicule; 'the absurd excuse that 
         the dog ate his homework'; 'that's a cockeyed idea'; 
         'ask a nonsensical question and get a nonsensical answer'; 
         'a contribution so small as to be laughable'; 'it is ludicrous to
         call a cottage a mansion'; 'a preposterous attempt to turn back 
         the pages of history'; 'her conceited assumption of universal 
         interest in her rather dull children was ridiculous')

Super-classes VeryUnlikely^c
Unreasonable^c

Riding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Riding`
Description	An Event, not a FunctionalProcess, in which an agent moves from one place to another supported by (on or in) some animal or device. This is the most general transportation sense of 'riding', in which the power to move the supporting object may come from the person being transported (as on a bicycle), or from an animal (riding a horse or riding in a horse-drawn or person-drawn vehicle), or from a motor in the transportation device, or from wind power, or other power source. This includes riding in boats and airplanes and spacecraft. The thing that is ridden must be specified using the 'hadObjectRidden'. relation. The different things that can be ridden can also be specified by using subtypes of 'Riding' such as 'RidingInAnAirplane' Although this is an Event, it has a meaning distinct from 'Travel-TripEvent', in that the latter implies an origin and destination whereas 'Riding' merely specifies the type of object on which an agent is travelling, for any interval of time, with or without a specific destination. Thus riding a pony around a short closed path is an instance of 'Riding' but not of 'Travel-TripEvent'. NOTE that ''Riding'' is more like a state than an action, but this type inclides both possibilities. ''Riding'' is anEvencaused by a ''TransportationEvent'', but because a ''TransportationEvent'' is a ''BecomingEvent'' (making something change), the passive states that may be included in interpetations of the term ''Riding'' cannot be represented as a subtype of a change. Includes verb senses 1, 2, 10, and 12 of 'ride' in WordNet; note that the object in sense 12 is not the moving object that supports the rider. in WordNet: 1. (53) ride, sit - (sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions; 'She never sat a horse!'; 'Did you ever ride a camel?'; 'The girl liked to drive the young mare') 2. (30) ride - (be carried or travel on or in a vehicle; 'I ride to work in a bus'; 'He rides the subway downtown every day') 10. ride - (sit on and control a vehicle; 'He rides his bicycle to work every day'; 'She loves to ride her new motorcycle through town') 12. ride - (ride over, along, or through; 'Ride the freeways of California')
Super-classes	Motion^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) isCausedBy^op value TransportationEvent^c occursAt^op value RouteOverGround^c
Sub-classes	RidingInaVehicle^c RidingaCycle^c RidingaBeast^c
In domain of	hadObjectRidden^op

RidingAsAPassenger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingAsAPassenger`
Description	'RidingAsAPassenger' is a 'TransportationServiceEvent' in which an agent (usually human) moves from one place to another in some vehicle, but is not the driver or controller of the vehicle. This would be referred to as a 'ride'. `NOTE that this Event subsumes both the Service of providing he ride, and the recipocal action of the passenger benefitting from the service. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'ride' in WordNet, 1. (6) drive, ride - (a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile); 'he took the family for a drive in his new car')`
Super-classes	TransportationServiceEvent^c RidingInaVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	FreeRide^c RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger^c RidingAsAnAirplanePassenger^c GettingaRide^c

RidingAsAnAirplanePassenger^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingAsAnAirplanePassenger

Description

Each 'RidingInAnAirplane' is an instance of both 'RidingAsaPassenger'
and 'RidingInAnAirplane' an agent (usually human) is transported in an Airplane by others controlling the airplane. This excludes the pilot, co-pilot and other members of the crew.

        Corresponds approximately to verb sense 9 of WordNet 'fly', though WN 
          does not explicitly exclude crewmembers - if crew is part
          of the WN sense, then this is only part of the WN sense:
         9. (1) fly - (travel in an airplane; 'she is flying to Cincinnati tonight'; 'Are we driving or flying?')

Super-classes RidingInAnAirplane^c
RidingAsAPassenger^c

RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger`
Description	''RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger'' is a 'RidingAsAPassenger' in which the vehicle ridden is a ''TaxiCab''.
Super-classes	RidingAsAPassenger^c RidingInaRoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value TaxiCab^c hasAttributeValue^op value TaxiFare^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value TaxiPassenger^c

RidingInAnAirplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingInAnAirplane`
Description	Each 'RidingInAnAirplane' is an instance of 'Riding' in which an agent (usually human) moves from one place to another through the air supported by (usually inside) an Airplane. The agent doing the RidingInAnAirplane may or may not be participating in the control of the Airplane; both passengers and crew are included. The Airplane must be a self-powered plane supported by wings or rotors (helicopters are included, dirigibles and balloons and gliders are not). `Corresponds approximately to part of verb senses 2, and 10 of 'ride' in WordNet, but 'vehicle' is interpreted broadly in COSMO, while it is unclear if WordNet restricts the meaning to road vehicles. in WordNet: 2. (30) ride - (be carried or travel on or in a vehicle; 'I ride to work in a bus'; 'He rides the subway downtown every day') 10. ride - (sit on and control a vehicle; 'He rides his bicycle to work every day'; 'She loves to ride her new motorcycle through town')`
Super-classes	RidingInaVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value Airplane^c
Sub-classes	RidingAsAnAirplanePassenger^c Gliding^c PilotingAnAirplane^c

RidingInaBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingInaBoat`
Description	'RidingInaBoat' is an Event in which an agent (usually human) moves from one place to another supported by a ''Boat'', on some body of water. The agent doing the Riding may or may not be participating in the control of the Boat; both passengers and crew are included. The object ''Boat'' is a sutype of ''Watercraft''; that parent that includes any ''TransportationDevice'' that moves or under the surface of a body of water. This type is intended to represent ''Riding'' in vessel that is primarily used to transport people. But some military ships could be considered as 'weapons platforms' that are not used primarily for transporting people, so there is some overlap. At this point the distinction is not rigid. `Corresponds approximately to part of verb senses 2, and 10 of 'ride' in WordNet, but 'vehicle' is interpreted broadly in COSMO, while it is unclear if WordNet restricts the meaning to road vehicles. in WordNet: 2. (30) ride - (be carried or travel on or in a vehicle; 'I ride to work in a bus'; 'He rides the subway downtown every day') 10. ride - (sit on and control a vehicle; 'He rides his bicycle to work every day'; 'She loves to ride her new motorcycle through town')`
Super-classes	RidingInaVehicle^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Watercraft^c hadObjectRidden^op value Boat^c
Sub-classes	WaterTravel^c RidingInaSailboat^c

RidingInaRoadVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingInaRoadVehicle`
Description	''RidingInaRoadVehicle'' is a 'RidingInaVehicle' in which the 'vehicle' is a ''RoadVehicle''.
Super-classes	RidingInaVehicle^c Locomotion-SolidSurface^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value RoadVehicle^c
Sub-classes	RidingaMotorcycle^c RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger^c

RidingInaSailboat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingInaSailboat`
Description	Each 'RidingInaSailboat' is an instance of 'RidingInaBoat' in which the Boat is a Sailboat (of any size). The agent doing the Riding may or may not be participating in the control of the Boat; both passengers and crew are included. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'sail' in WordNet, in WordNet: 3. (1) sail - (travel in a boat propelled by wind; 'I love sailing, especially on the open sea')`
Super-classes	RidingInaBoat^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value Sailboat^c
Sub-classes	Sailing^c

RidingInaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingInaVehicle`
Description	'RidingInaVehicle' is an Event in which an agent (usually human) moves from one place to another supported by some vehicle, whether land, sea, air, or space. The agent doing the Riding may or may not be participating in the control of the Vehicle; both passengers and drive (and crew, for boats) are included. `Corresponds approximately to part of verb senses 2, and 10 of 'ride' in WordNet, but 'vehicle' is interpreted broadly in COSMO, while it is unclear if WordNet restricts the meaning to road vehicles. in WordNet: 2. (30) ride - (be carried or travel on or in a vehicle; 'I ride to work in a bus'; 'He rides the subway downtown every day') 10. ride - (sit on and control a vehicle; 'He rides his bicycle to work every day'; 'She loves to ride her new motorcycle through town')`
Super-classes	Riding^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	SteeringaRoadVehicle^c Sleighing^c RidingInaBoat^c RidingInAnAirplane^c RidingAsAPassenger^c RidingInaRoadVehicle^c Dogsledding^c SpaceTravel^c

RidingaBeast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingaBeast`
Description	''RidingaBeast'' is an Action in which a ''Rider'' (a Person) is carried on the back of some ''RiddenAnimalType'', while controlling that animal's direction and pace. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ride' in WordNet: 1. (53) ride, sit - (sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions; 'She never sat a horse!'; 'Did you ever ride a camel?'; 'The girl liked to drive the young mare')`
Super-classes	Riding^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op some CarryingaRider^c hadObjectRidden^op some RiddenAnimalType^c isPerformedBy^op some Rider^c
Sub-classes	RidingaHorse^c

RidingaBicycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingaBicycle`
Description	'''RidingaBicycle'' is an Event in which a Person rides on a ''Bicycle'', usually while propelling the bike with a series of ''Pedaling'' Motions, but also riding a Bicyle that may not reqquire pedaling at times, such as an electric Bcycle or a motorbike. FOr the sport of ''RidingaBicycle'' use subtype ''BicycleRace'. CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$PedalingABicycle, one person pushes on the pedals of a bicycle, moving the crankshaft around. Every instance of #$PedalingABicycle has at least one instance of #$Pedaling among its #$subEvents. #$PedalingABicycle may be done on a stationary bike, such as an #$ExerciseBike, or on a more conventional #$Bicycle which one could ride from place to place. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pedal' in WordNet: 1. bicycle, cycle, bike, pedal, wheel - (ride a bicycle)
Super-classes	RidingaCycle^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Pedaling^c hadObjectRidden^op value Bicycle^c

RidingaCycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingaCycle`
Description	''RidingaCycle'' is an 'Action'' in which a ''Rider'' (a Person) is sits in the saddle of a Bicycle or MotorCycle and drives it by starting,stopping,and steering. In the case of a Bicycle that includes ''Pedaling''; for a Motorcycle the subtype is. `This WN sense is interpreted as the ''Action'' that is the execution of the ''Sport'' of ''Cycling'', not the Sport itself (a Specification). The subtypes are more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cycling' in WordNet: 1. cycling - (the sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle)`
Super-classes	Riding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Rider^c
Sub-classes	RidingaMotorcycle^c RidingaBicycle^c

RidingaHorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingaHorse`
Description	''RidingaHorse'' is an Action in which a ''Rider'' (a Person) is carried on the back of some ''Horse'', while controlling that animal's direction and pace. `The sport can be distinguished as a subtype when needed. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'horseback rding' in WordNet: 1. riding, horseback riding, equitation - (the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements) 2. riding, horseback riding - (to be carried on horseback as a means of transportation)`
Super-classes	RidingaBeast^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op value CarryingaRider^c isPerformedBy^op some HorsebackRider^c hadObjectRidden^op value Horse^c
Sub-classes	RidingaRaceHorse^c

RidingaMotorcycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingaMotorcycle`
Description	''RidingaMotorcycle'' is an Action in which a ''Rider'' (a Person) sits in the saddle of a MotorCycle and drives it by starting,stopping,and steering. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'motorcycle' in WordNet: 1. motorbike, motorcycle, cycle - (ride a motorcycle)`
Super-classes	RidingInaRoadVehicle^c RidingaCycle^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Rider^c

RidingaRaceHorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RidingaRaceHorse`
Description	''RidingaRaceHorse'' is an Action that is a subEvent of a ''HorseRace'' in which a ''Jockey'' (a Person) is carried on the back of some ''RaceHorse'', while controlling that animal's direction and pace. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'jockey' in WordNet: 3. jockey - (ride a racehorse as a professional jockey)`
Super-classes	RidingaHorse^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value HorseRace^c isPerformedBy^op some Jockey^c hadObjectRidden^op value RaceHorse^c

Rifle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rifle`
Description	Cyc: Single-user gun with a long rifled barrel - gets the bullet spinning and improves reliability of aim. `SUMO: A Firearm with a long barrel that is intended to be fired from the shoulder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rifle' in Wordnet: 1. (75) rifle - (a shoulder firearm with a long barrel and a rifled bore; 'he lifted the rifle to his shoulder and fired')`
Super-classes	Firearm^c
Restrictions	propels^op value Bullet^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 50.0^c isLargerThan^op value Handgun^c consumes^op value BulletAssembly^c

RifleStock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RifleStock`
Description	A ''RifleStock'' is a 'HandleStock' that is the wood or plastic 'handle' of a Rifle that holds the barrel and other metal parts, one the opposite end of the Rifle from the muzzle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gunstock' in WordNet: 7. (12) stock, gunstock - (the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun; 'the rifle had been fitted with a special stock')`
Super-classes	Gripstock^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op some RifleType^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Rifle^c

RifleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RifleType`
Description	Each instance of ''RifleType'' is a type of ''Device'' that is a ''Rifle'' or a ''Shotgun'' or other type of Firearm that is long and has a ''RifleStock'' as a handle.
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	Shotgun Rifle

Rifling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rifling`
Description	A ''SpiralGroove'' is a ''Groove'' ('rifling') on the inside of a . ''BarrelOfaGun'' that is a ''Helix'', serving to cause bullets and artillery shells to rotate rapidly when fired into the air, thus providing stability and accuracy to the shot. `No WN sense for this. RHW has: RHW 'rifling': 2. the system of spiral grooves so cut. (by 'RiflingaGunBarrel')`
Super-classes	Helix^c Groove^c
Restrictions	isOnTheSurfaceOf^op value ArtifactObject^c isProducedByEventType^op value RiflingaGunBarrel^c

RiflingaGunBarrel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiflingaGunBarrel`
Description	'RiflingaGunBarrel'' is a ''CuttingaGroove'' in the barrel of a Gun (large or small) to create a rifled Groove. `RHW 'rifling': 1. the act or process of cutting spiral grooves in a gun barrel, pipe, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rifling' in WordNet: 1. grooving, rifling - (the cutting of spiral grooves on the inside of the barrel of a firearm)`
Super-classes	CuttingaGroove^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Rifling^c hadObjectModified^op value BarrelOfaGun^c

RiftValley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiftValley`
Description	`RHW 'rift': 5. b. a graben of regional extent.`
Super-classes	Graben^c GeographicalArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreatRiftValley

Rigging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rigging`
Description	The ropes and chains supporting yards and sails on a sailing ship. NOTE that a ''Sailboat'' can be of any size with any number of masts. RHW: the ropes, chains, etc., employed to support and work the masts, yards, sails, etc., on a ship. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'rigging' in Wordnet: 1. rigging, tackle - (gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails) 2. rig, rigging - (formation of masts, spars, sails, etc., on a vessel)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Equipment^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Sailboat^c hasComponentElement^op value Halyard^c

Right^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Right`
Description	A MentalObject that relates two or more IntelligentAgents in such a way that the Agent that has the Right may do something that affects the other Agent, without creating a right for the other Agent. This is a primitive concept. The Right refers to some future Situation (action, event, state) that the Agent having the Right may cause to occur. The Agents are related to their rights by the relation 'hasRight'. This is very broad, and includes 'Permission' as a subtype, meaning that any agent with authority iover another can create a 'Right'. NOTE that each Right is an instance of TimeSlice because rights are often granted only for some limited interval of time. If in perpetuity, they do have a starting time, and devolve to heirs rather than continue to be vested in a dead person. The Random House Webster describes this sense of 'right' as: 'that which is due to anyone by just claim, legal guarantees, moral principles, etc.' A Right is in some sense an inverse of Obligation, in that failure to perform an Obligation can incur negative consequences for an Agent with an Obligation, whereas in theory having a Right should allow an Agent to perform an act without direct negative social consequences from the Agent against whom a Right is held. For certain types of Right, not having a Right implies an Obligation not to do the action that is the subject of the Right. Whereas an Obligation is created by an Authority, a Right can be created by simple unilateral permission, negotiation, payment, or by dint of a situation such as being born in a particular place. Nevertheless, a Right always involves some other Agent (which can be as abstract as God or one's own conscience), otherwise the alternative of not having a Right would incur no negative consequence on performing the action. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'right' in Wordnet: 1. (649) right - (an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; 'they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights'; 'Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people'- Eleanor Roosevelt; 'a right is not something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can take away') 2. (87) right - ((frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing; 'mineral rights'; 'film rights')
Super-classes	MentalObject^c Resource^c TimeSlice^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some FutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	RightOfInheritance^c Copyright^c Permission^c FinancialInterest^c FinancialSecurity^c StockOption^c PropertyRight^c TrademarkRight^c Visa-Permit^c Copyrighting^c RuleMakingRight^c Equity^c

Right-Hand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Right-Hand`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'right-hand' in Wordnet: 3. right-hand - (most helpful and reliable; 'my right-hand man')`
Super-classes	Reliable^c Helpful^c

Right-Handed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Right-Handed

Description

This mixes two different meanings - should be distinguished.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'right-handed' in Wordnet:
          1. right-handed - (using or intended for the right hand; 
             'a right-handed batter'; 'right-handed scissors')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Right-HandedPitcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Right-HandedPitcher`
Description
Super-classes	BaseballPitcher^c RightHander^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value PitchingRightHanded^c

Right-Side-Up^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Right-Side-Up`
Description	'Right-Side-Up' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that are TopAndBottomSidedObjects, that have the TopSide located above the BottomSide in a gravitational field - i.e. are oriented normally.
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value TopAndBottomSidedObject^c

Right-Wing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Right-Wing`
Description	''Right-Wing''is a subattribute of ''PoliticallyConservative'' characterizing people who consistently have broad support for politically conservative policies. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'right-wing' in Wordnet: 1. rightist, right-wing - (believing in or supporting tenets of the political right)`
Super-classes	PoliticallyConservative^c
Sub-classes	Fascistic^c Reactionary^c

RightAndLeftFields^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightAndLeftFields`
Description	Each 'RightAndLeftFields' is a Pair, one element of which is a baseball RightField and one element is a baseball LeftField. These elements have to be on the same baseball field.
Super-classes	Pair^c AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some RightField^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballField^c hasComponentElement^op some LeftField^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some Baseball^c

RightField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightField`
Description	Each 'RightField' is a part of a BaseballField outside the area delimited by the four bases, and to the right of CenterField, as viewed by someone at home plate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'right field' in WordNet: 1. right field, rightfield, right - (the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right)`
Super-classes	AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BaseballField^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some Baseball^c

RightHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightHand`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'right-hand' in Wordnet: 2. (1) right, right-hand - (intended for the right hand; 'a right-hand glove')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

RightHander^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightHander`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'righthander' in WordNet: 2. right-hander, right hander, righthander - (a person who uses the right hand more skillfully than the left)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	uses^op value RightHumanArm^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Right-Handed^c
Sub-classes	Right-HandedPitcher^c

RightHumanArm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightHumanArm`
Description	The ''RightHumanArm'' is the right-hand ''Arm''of a Person.
Super-classes	Arm^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rightward^c

RightHumanHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightHumanHand`
Description	The ''RightHumanHand'' is the right-hand side ''Hand''of a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'right hand' in WordNet: 1. (3) right, right hand - (the hand that is on the right side of the body; "he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left"; "hit him with quick rights to the body")`
Super-classes	Hand^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rightward^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c

RightHumanLeg^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightHumanLeg

Description

The right Leg on a human.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg' in WordNet:
         1. (75) leg - (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb 
            but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle)

Super-classes HumanLeg^c

RightOfInheritance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightOfInheritance`
Description	The ''RightOfInheritance'' is a ''Right'' to Inherit some form of private property (i.e. some ''ValuableThing'' that a Person may own, which could also be a ''Right'').
Super-classes	Right^c
Restrictions	isCreatedOrEntailedBy^op some LastWillAndTestament^c
Sub-classes	Primogeniture^c

RightType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RightType`
Description	''RightType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of ''Right''. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	ControllingInterest Lien EconomicLaw Copyright Equity Entitlement Permission VestedInterest Allocation LicenseToPractice Right FinancialInterest Bond Consent MortgageInterest FinancialSecurity Primogeniture ShareOfStock TrademarkRight Franchise RuleMakingRight Rights CopyrightLaw CommercialUseLicense WomensRights License PubliclyTradedSecurity LawLicense Copyrighting RightOfInheritance DriversLicense StockOption Admittance PropertyRight SecurityInterest Visa-Permit Accreditation AdmissionToMembership Authorization

Righteous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Righteous

Description

''Righteous'' is a more intensive degree of ''Moral'' that inclines a Person not only to avoid things considered against a moral code, but to try to convince others to do the same.

      The term 'righteous' is also used in another sense,

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'righteous' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) righteous - (characterized by or proceeding from accepted standards
              of morality or justice; "the...prayer of a righteous man availeth much"- James 5:16)

Super-classes Moral^c

Righteousness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Righteousness`
Description	''Righteousness'' is form of ''Morality' that disposes a Person to not only perform only acts s/he considers to be 'moral' and avoid those that are 'immoral', but to consider those views as important to impart to others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'righteousness' in WordNet: 1. (1) righteousness - (adhering to moral principles)`
Super-classes	Morality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Righteous^c
Sub-classes	Honorableness^c Piety^c

Rightful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rightful`
Description	''Rightful'' is a property of some Status or claim that a Person has to a position or ownership of something. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'rightful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) rightful - (legally valid; 'a rightful inheritance') 2. true, lawful, rightful - (having a legally established claim; 'the legitimate heir'; 'the true and lawful king')`
Super-classes	Legitimate^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op only (Inheritance^c or Status^c or Ownership^c or ObjectType^c or EventType^c)

Rightfully^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rightfully`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'rightfully' in WordNet: 1. (2) rightfully, truly - (by right; "baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime")`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Rightist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rightist`
Description	A ''Rightist'' is a ''Conservative'' whose views are consistently and broadly more conservative than an average ''Conservative'' But not an extremist. `CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who accept #$RightistIdeology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rightist' in WordNet: 1. rightist, right-winger - (a member of a right wing political party)`
Super-classes	ConservativePerson^c
Restrictions	hasCauseOrAgentSupported^op value Capitalism^c
Sub-classes	Fascist^c

Rightly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rightly

Description

''Rightly'' is a subtype of ''Properly'',an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action that is done and signals that the Event being described was itsef performed correctly or had a result or intent that was correct.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'rightly' in WordNet:
         1. (4) rightly, justly, justifiedly - (with honesty; 
         'he was rightly considered the greatest singer of his time')
      WN adverb 'justifiably':
        1. (2) justifiably, with reason - (with good reason; 'he is justifiably bitter')

Super-classes Properly^c

Rightness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rightness`
Description	''Rightness'' is a 'MannerOfBehavior' that has the attribute ''SociallyAppropriate'' ('proper'). `NOTE: it is unclear how this differs from WN parent type 'propriety'. WN has this as 'appropriate conduct'; the parent 'propriety' is ''appropriate behavior' - amy difference? If usage cannot distinguish, perhaps these can be made synoyms - or Perhaps this can be tied to specific occasions, with 'propriety' not depending on categories of social situations Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appropriateness' in WordNet: 1. appropriateness, rightness - (appropriate conduct; doing the right thing)`
Super-classes	MannerOfBehavior^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SociallyAppropriate^c

Rights^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rights`
Description	Each instance of 'Rights'' is a Group of ''Right''s held by some agent or group of agents. This concept is broad, and has been applied to things as intangible as nature, species, an ecosystem, or the whole earth. For this COSMO type.only an ''IntentionalAgent'' or Group of ''IntentionalAgent''s (including animal) is considered as having ''Rights''. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'right' in WordNet: 2. (87) right - ((frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing; 'mineral rights'; 'film rights')`
Super-classes	Group^c MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isPossessedBy^op only IntentionalAgent^c hasComponentElement^op only Right^c
Sub-classes	WomensRights^c

Rightward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rightward

Description

'Rightward' is the attribute of some thing (object, location) that is to the right side, from the perspective of some observer, or in reference to a region of some 'LeftAndRightSidedObject' (for which Left and Right sides are absolute references). The opposite is 'Left'.

     NOTE: in RHW 'rightward' is an adverb, but the glosses 2 and 3 seem to have properties of
       an adjective:
        RHW: 2. situated on the right.
             3. directed toward the right.
     'Rightward' is the term used here to avoid clash with other meanings of 'Right',
        but does not signify an adverbial sense.

     This attribute is meaningful only if the observer or LeftAndRightSidedObject
     are understood, to provide the frame of reference.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'right' in WordNet:
       2. (20) right - (being or located on or directed toward the side 
          of the body to the east when facing north; 'my right hand';
          'right center field'; 'a right-hand turn'; 'the right  bank of a 
          river is the bank on your right side when you are facing downstream')
     WN adj 'right-hand':
        1. (1) right-hand - (located on or directed toward the right; 'a right-hand turn')

Super-classes DirectionalAttributeValue^c
OrientationMeasure^c

Rigid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rigid

Description

Rigid is an attribute of objects that strongly resist bending; it is a quality that occupies the higher range of 'Stiff' - droop should be less than 2 degrees. This is relative to size and shape. A 4mm wide aluminum rod only a few inches long may have no perceptible droop when held horizontally, but a rod of similar diameter and 10 feet long may droop very noticeably from one end to the other. The longer length would not be classified as 'rigid'.

     See also 'Semirigid' - the property of things that can deform
     to some perceptible degree under pressure.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rigid' in Wordnet:
         1. (5) rigid, stiff - (incapable of or resistant to bending;
            'a rigid strip of metal'; 'a table made of rigid plastic';
            'a palace guardsman stiff as a poker'; 'stiff hair'; 'a stiff neck')
      WN adj 'inflexible':
         3. inflexible - (resistant to being bent; 'an inflexible iron bar';
            'an inflexible knife blade';)

Super-classes Stiff^c

RigidColumn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RigidColumn`
Description	A ''RigidColumn'' is a ''FixedStructure'' made of stone or some other strong and rigid material such as concrete or steel or a heavy wooden beam, shaped approximately like a ''ColumnShape'' and taller than Person. This can have any cross-sectional shape, circular or polygonal. `CYC 'Pillar': a tall strong support column used in buildings NOTE: this includes monuments such as ''Obelisk''s, so it does not have to be a 'supporting' object. See ''Piling'' for a structural support. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'column' in WordNet: 6. (1) column, pillar - (a vertical cylindrical structure standing alone and not supporting anything (such as a monument))`
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c RigidObject^c LongAndThinThing^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some StoneType^c hasShape^op value ColumnShape^c
Sub-classes	Piling^c Obelisk^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrajansColumn

RigidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RigidObject`
Description	A RigidObject is a SolidObject that will not distort its shape greater than 10% in the vertical dimension when supported by three or four sharply pointed rigid objects, placed at the periphery of the RigidObject, in the Earth's gravitational field. This will exclude most semi-solid gels. Long beams may fail this test, though the same beam in a shorter length (having to support less mass in the middle) may pass the test. Thus rigidity is a property of objects, not of materials, and depends not only on the inherent hardness of a material, but its shape and size. A thin sheet of a material will not be rigid though a beam of the same material can be. ''RigidObject''s will always be ''Hard''. `This type is a 'rigid' form of 'self-connected object' (''WholeObject'').`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c DryObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c
Sub-classes	SoccerBall^c Thimble^c CeramicObject^c HardObject^c Box^c Kite^c CroquetBall^c BasketballBall^c Shaft^c ControlBar^c Ruler^c FluorescentLightBulb^c Planet-Generic^c BoardOrRod^c Ram-Device^c Beak^c SkeletalSystem^c SupportingObject^c LitterBox^c Pedal^c Crowbar^c Bin^c Casting^c SpineSpikeOrQuill^c RigidColumn^c StraightObject^c Post^c File-Tool^c MetalContainer^c Rod^c PoloBall^c CrossBeam^c LightBulbIncandescent^c SandBox^c Cassette^c BaseballBall^c Cymbal^c Locker^c PadlockBody^c Column^c U-ShapedObject^c BowlingBall^c LightEmittingDiode^c GrandstandRoof^c StampDevice^c TransparentPlate^c Palette^c Splint^c BarrelOfaGun^c Milestone^c BatteringRam^c SmallRigidSheet^c StructuralBeam^c GoalPost^c SupportingOrganismPart^c

Rigorous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rigorous`
Description	''Rigorous'' is a subtype of ''Painstaking'' characterizing both a Person who performs work (such as research or other work requiring high precision) so that the results will be correct and as close as possible to the truth; and also characterizes work performed in that manner. `Closest to ssense 2 of 'rigorous' in RHW: 2. severely exact or accurate; precise: rigorous research. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'rigorous' ('rigidly accurate') in WordNet: 1. (1) rigorous, strict - (rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard; 'rigorous application of the law'; 'a strict vegetarian')`
Super-classes	Painstaking^c
Sub-classes	Drastic^c

Rim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rim`
Description	The outer edge of a ''Disk'' shaped object. `Includes noun senses 3 and 5 of 'rim' in Wordnet: 3. rim - (the outer part of a wheel to which the tire is attached) 5. brim, rim, lip - (the top edge of a vessel or other container)`
Super-classes	OuterEdge^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Circular^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (Disk^c or Device^c or DeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	WheelRim^c

Ring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ring`
Description	A 'Ring' is a 'ClothingAcessoryBand' worn on the finger. It is usually but not necessarily made of metal (jade rings are common) and may have jewels mounted in it. `Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'ring' and 9 of 'band' in WordNet: 9. ring, band - (jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; 'she had rings on every finger'; 'he noted that she wore a wedding band')`
Super-classes	ClosedLoopObject^c ClothingAcessoryBand^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Finger^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 5.0^c

Ringing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ringing`
Description	Each 'Ringing' is an Event in which a ringing sound is emitted by some object. The ringing sound can be a single stroke, as of a bell, or a continuous series of single rings, as when a telephone or doorbell or alarm bell rings. The action of causing a bell to ring is a separate sense, 'RingingaBell'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ring' in WordNet: 1. (15) ring, peal - (sound loudly and sonorously; 'the bells rang')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value RingingSound^c
Sub-classes	Tolling^c

RingingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RingingSound`
Description	A sound consisting of one or more pulses of a sound such as that caused by striking a bell. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ringing' and noun sense 6 of 'ring' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ring, ringing, tintinnabulation - - (the sound of a bell ringing; 'the distinctive ring of the church bell'; 'the ringing of the telephone'; 'the tintinnabulation that so voluminously swells from the ringing and the dinging of the bells'--E. A. Poe)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Sub-classes	Ding-Dong^c

RingingaBell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RingingaBell`
Description	Each 'RingingaBell' is an Action in which some agent causes a bell-like device to emit a ringing sound. The Event of a device emitting a ringing sound is a separate sense, 'Ringing'. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'ring' in WordNet: 3. (5) ring, knell - - (make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification; 'Ring the bells'; 'My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Ringing^c

Ringlet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ringlet`
Description	A cluster (a 'Group') of 'Curl's (spiral strands of hair). This corresponds to sense 1 in Random House Webster: 1 1. a curled lock of hair `This sense appears to be included in that of sense 3 in WordNet, though the documentation for that sense does not reference the curly nature of that hair. in WordNet: 3. lock, curl, ringlet, whorl - (a strand or cluster of hair)`
Super-classes	HumanHairObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Curl^c hasShape^op value Curly^c

Ringmaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ringmaster`
Description	A ''Ringmaster'' is a ''MasterOfCeremonies'' who introduces and controls the timing of acts in a ''Circus''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ringmaster' in WordNet: 1. ringmaster - (the person in charge of performances in a circus ring)`
Super-classes	Artist-Performer^c MasterOfCeremonies^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value CircusTroupe^c isaMemberOf^op value CircusTroupe^c

RinsingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RinsingEvent`
Description	A ''RinsingEvent'' is a type of ''CleaningEvent'' that uses Water to remove unwanted material, but does not use soap - that would be a ''WashingEvent''. CYC 'Rinsing': The collection of events in which an object is cleaned by running or pouring some liquid over it. This includes rinsing surfaces including skin or the eyes, rinsing fabric (as after washing,to remove the remaining soap, as by immersion and wringing), and the subtype ''Flushing'' uses water to remove things by the force of some quantity of moving water,as in flushing a toilet. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'rinse' (not just to get the soap out but to move dirt and also to remove objects larger than dirt particles, as by spraying with a directed spray from a hose) in WordNet: 1. (1) rinse, rinse off - (wash off soap or remaining dirt)
Super-classes	CleaningEvent^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Flushing^c

Rioting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rioting`
Description	''Rioting' is an uncontrolled surge of a Mob that is compaied by acts of violence such as breaking windows, destroying property, or assaulting people. `CYC: The collection of events in which many agents go on a rampage, willfully destroying property, looting, and possibly endangering lives. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 and verb sense 1 of 'riot' in WordNet: 1. (1) riot, public violence - (a public act of violence by an unruly mob) 2. rioting, riot - (a state of disorder involving group violence) WN verb 'riot': 1. riot - (take part in a riot; disturb the public peace by engaging in a riot; 'Students were rioting everywhere in 1968')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c ViolentAction^c SocialOccurrence^c IllegalAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Mob^c hasSubEvent^op value Disorder^c

Rip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rip`
Description	Each ''Rip'' is a 'Defect' in Sheetlike ''SolidObject'' consisting of a visible line of separation of what were adjacent parts of a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (usually cloth or paper). In COSMO this is a PhysicalObject consisting of the separation plus the adjacent parts that make it clear (enable one torecognize) that it is a separation of some sheet. `This would not be used to apply to situations where a SheetOfSomeStuff were separated completely into two or more parts. A''Rip'' in a stocking would be the subtype ''Ravel'' ( a 'run'). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rip' and sense 2 of'tear' in WordNet: 2. rip, rent, snag, split, tear - (an opening made forcibly as by pulling apart; 'there was a rip in his pants'; 'she had snags in her stockings')`
Super-classes	DamagedPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c

Ripcord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ripcord`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ripcord' in WordNet: 2. ripcord - (a cord that is pulled to open a parachute from its pack during a descent)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Cord^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value Parachute^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value DeployingaParachute^c

Ripe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ripe

Description

Ripe is a QualitativeAttributeValue of fruit that has matured from its early unripe state - usually accompanied by an increase in sweetness, and/or a change of color.

    Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ripe' and sense 4 of adj 'mature' in WordNet;
      this is for fruit only, and not for wines:
      in WordNet:
        1. (6) ripe, mature - (fully developed or matured and ready to be eaten or used;
         'ripe peaches'; 'full-bodied mature wines')

Super-classes Mature^c

Ripening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ripening`
Description	An Action performed by fruits or bare seeds of plants in which they become ready to grow into another plant. `Includes intransitive and transitive verb senses 1 and 2 of 'ripen' and sense 2 of 'ripen' in WordNet: 1. (1) ripen, mature - (cause to ripen or develop fully; 'The sun ripens the fruit'; 'Age matures a good wine') 2. (1) ripen - (grow ripe; 'The plums ripen in July')`
Super-classes	Maturing^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Plant^c or Fruit^c or PlantType^c or FruitType^c) subjectBecomes^op value Ripe^c

Ripple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ripple`
Description	A small wave on any liquid. Can it be on anything other than water? Perhaps on other planets with liquid methane? . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ripple' in WordNet: 1. (4) ripple, rippling, riffle, wavelet - (a small wave on the surface of a liquid)
Super-classes	DynamicObject^c Wave-Liquid^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Rising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rising`
Description	''Rising'' is an attribute of QuantitativeAttributeValues or IntensiveAttributeValues whose .whose magnitude or intensity is becoming higher. For specifically quantitative (numerical) attributes, use the subtype ''Increasing''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rising' in WordNet: 1. (3) rising - (advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status; 'a rising trend'; 'a rising market')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Increasing^c

RiskFree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiskFree`
Description	An attribute of situations or Actions that present no significant risk of loss or physical harm. For having little risk of bodily harm use 'Safe'. `This differs subtly from ''Harmless'' in denoting things that might be expected to be risky, whereas ''Harmless'' can characterize things that one might expect to pose a risk. Little difference. For the attribute of objects that are not in danger of being lost or harmed, use 'Secure' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'risk free' in WordNet: 1. risk-free, riskless, unhazardous - (thought to be devoid of risk)`
Super-classes	Harmless^c Salient^c
Sub-classes	Unsafe^c Safe^c

RiskTaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiskTaker`
Description	An ''RiskTaker'' is a Person who has performed or often performs a''RiskyAction''. The kind of 'risk' differs from the kind of 'risk' that an ''Adventurer'' undertakes, being more impetuous and less well considered or planned.. `Such people are not classified as ''Adventurer''s, who tend to have some degree of rational purpose or planning in their risk-taking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'risk taker' in WordNet: 1. gambler, risk taker - (someone who risks loss or injury in the hope of gain or excitement)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value RiskyAction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Daring^c
Sub-classes	Gambler^c Daredevil^c

RiskingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiskingSomething`
Description	Knowingly performing a RiskyAction, with the thing at risk being explicit in the meaning: 'he risked all his money' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'risk' in WordNet: 1. (8) risk, put on the line, lay on the line - (expose to a chance of loss or damage; 'We risked losing a lot of money in this venture'; 'Why risk your life?'; 'She laid her job on the line when she told the boss that he was wrong')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c RiskyAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRisked^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	TakingRisks^c
In domain of	hadObjectRisked^op

Risky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Risky`
Description	An attribute of situations or Actions that involve some non-trivial risk of loss or physical harm. For risk of bodily harm use 'Dangerous'. `A 'Risky' thing is not necesarily ''Undesirable'', as this includes rsk-taking actions such as investments where the anticipated gain exceeds anticipated losses (at least on average) Includes both senses of 'risky' in WordNet: 1. (1) hazardous, risky, wild - (involving risk or danger; 'skydiving is a hazardous sport'; 'extremely risky going out in the tide and fog'; 'a wild financial scheme')`
Super-classes	Unsafe^c Salient^c
Sub-classes	Dangerous^c HighRisk^c

RiskyAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiskyAction`
Description	An Action that involves some element of danger to person or property, taken by a Person who is aware of the possible loss (risk) involved.. A person may perform a RiskyAction without knowing that it is risky - therefore by itself this Action does not necessarily exhibit courage or foolhardiness. This is expressed linguistically as 'taking a chance' or 'taking a risk' or 'risking (something)'. The sense of risk involved in 'gambling' is represented by the subtype 'Gambling'. The sense of taking an action that puts something specific at riak is represented by 'RiskingSomething'. WN noun 'risk': This broad sense of a risky action includes noun sense 3 of 'chance' in WordNet and includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'risk' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'risk': in WordNet: 3. (5) chance - (a risk involving danger; 'you take a chance when you let her drive') 1. (5) hazard, jeopardy, peril, risk, endangerment - (a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune; 'drinking alcohol is a health hazard') 2. (2) risk, peril, danger - (a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury; 'he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime'; 'there was a danger he would do the wrong thing') 'you take a chance when you let her drive') WN verb 'risk': 1. (8) risk, put on the line, lay on the line - (expose to a chance of loss or damage; 'We risked losing a lot of money in this venture'; 'Why risk your life?'; 'She laid her job on the line when she told the boss that he was wrong') 2. (2) gamble, chance, risk, hazard, take chances, adventure, run a risk, take a chance - (take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; 'When you buy these stocks you are gambling')
Super-classes	RiskySituation^c Hazard^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Risky^c hadObjectRisked^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	DaringToDoSomething^c RiskingSomething^c

RiskySituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiskySituation`
Description	A 'RiskySituation' is any Situation that is Risky, i.e. presents a significant possibility of losing something; this corresponds to one sense of 'risk'. The thing at risk may be of little importance; for risk of life or serious injury, use 'DangerousSituation'. NOTE: In any given situation,there may be multiple risks of various magnitudes. NOTE2: the parent ''Hazard'' might be viewed as a ''PersistentState'', the presence of something dangerous, but in COSMO the parent can be used to represent an object whose presence causes a ''RiskySituation'' Includes sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'risk' in WordNet: 2. (2) risk, peril, danger - (a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury; 'he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime'; 'there was a danger he would do the wrong thing')
Super-classes	UndesirableSituation^c Hazard^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Risky^c mayCause^op value LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	DangerousSituation^c RiskyAction^c Insecurity^c Liability^c

Rite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rite`
Description	A Ritual that is formal and includes more than one person, and is considered as having some solemn significance or importance. It is more formal and of greater social significance than a 'Ceremony' This corresponds to sense 1 of 'Rite' in the random House Webster: RHW: a formal or ceremonial act or procedure prescribed or customary in religious or other solemn use: rites of baptism; sacrificial rites. Individual rituals like bedtime prayers are not included, but a ''WeddingCeremony'', confirmation, or Bar Mitzvah would be. NOTE: a Rite is a SocialRitual in that it is typically performed by more than one person, whereas a Ritual may be performed by only one person, e.g. bedtime prayers. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'rite' in Wordnet: 1. (2) rite, religious rite - (an established ceremony prescribed by a religion; 'the rite of baptism') 2. (2) ritual, rite - (any customary observance or practice)
Super-classes	SocialRitual^c
Sub-classes	IntermentRite^c Sacrament^c GraduationCeremony^c BarMitzvah^c Liturgy^c Vigil^c Sanctifying^c WeddingCeremony^c

RiteOfPassage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiteOfPassage`
Description	A ''RiteOfPassage' is any form of ''Ritual'' (a custom involving some specified actions) that is performed as a prelimiary to some change of status for a Person. this include ''Wedding''s and certain ''ReligiousRitual''s like ''Baptism'' or a ''BarMitzvah''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rite of passage' in WordNet: 1. rite of passage - (a ritual performed in some cultures at times when a individual changes his status (as from adolescence to adulthood))`
Super-classes	Ritual^c
Sub-classes	WeddingCeremony^c BarMitzvah^c InitiationRitual^c

Ritual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ritual`
Description	A specialization of #$CulturalActivity and #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$Ritual is a highly stylized or formalized action (or series of actions) performed by a person or group of persons. Instances of #$Ritual are usually performed with some solemnity. Notable specializations of #$Ritual include #$Ceremony, #$Funeral, and #$Parade. `A ''Ritual'' is more established than a ''Custom'' and this type is therefore an instance of ''CeremonyType''. The entry ''Rite'' is reserved for ''Ritual''s that usually involve more than one person. NOTE: a Ritual differs from a SocialRitual in that a Ritual may be performed by only one person, e.g. bedtime prayers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ritual' in Wordnet: 1. (6) ritual, rite - (any customary observance or practice)`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c Custom^c
Sub-classes	RiteOfPassage^c SocialRitual^c Hara-kiri^c ReligiousRitual^c

River^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#River`
Description	A specialization of #$Stream. Each instance of #$River is a natural stream of water, normally of a large volume. Instances of #$River include the #$ColoradoRiverOfArizona, the #$AmazonRiver, the #$YangtzeRiver, and the #$ThamesRiver. `COSMO note: A River includes both the water in it and the river bed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'river' in WordNet: 1. (55) river - (a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek); 'the river was navigable for 50 miles')`
Super-classes	Stream^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value RiverBed^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DnieperRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArkansasRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MissouriRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GangesRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IrrawaddyRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TiberRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SusitnaRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YangtzeRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YaluRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YukonRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NiagaraRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NigerRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YellowstoneRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolgaRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OrinocoRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThamesRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MurrayRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZambeziRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BrahmaputraRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RhoneRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MurrumbidgeeRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeineRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColumbiaRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JordanRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NileRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VistulaRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColoradoRiverOfArizona http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TagusRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TigrisRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RhineRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmuDaryaRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DanubeRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YeniseiRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NegroRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShattAlArabRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MadisonRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EuphratesRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RioGrandeRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DelawareRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CongoRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LoireRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MekongRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MarneRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PotomacRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GallatinRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HudsonRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SacramentoRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UralRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SusquehannaRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MackenzieRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DonRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MississippiRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ElbeRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmurRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OttawaRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OderRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaranonRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ColoradoRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OhioRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AmazonRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MonongahelaRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaintLawrenceRiver http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LenaRiver

RiverBank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverBank`
Description	A ''RiverBank'' is a ''Bank-Topographical'' that borders a Stream (not necessarily called a 'river'). Each Stream has two RiverBanks. NOTE that a RiverBank is not a 'Shore' because in COSMO a 'Shore' needs to be relatively flat, not steeply sloping; a RiverBank can be steeply sloping. @ToDo: perhaps a supertype of both is needed? Sense 3 of 'bank' from Random House Webster: 3. Physical Geog. the slope immediately bordering a stream course along which the water normally runs. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'riverbank' and part of Sense 2 of 'bank' from WordNet 2.1, not includinng bodies of water other than streams (for lakes and oceans, use 'Shore') in WordNet: WN 'riverbank': 1. (2) riverbank, riverside - (the bank of a river) WN noun 'bank': 2. (99) bank - (sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water); 'they pulled the canoe up on the bank'; 'he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents')
Super-classes	Bank-Topographical^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some Stream^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheLeftBankOfTheSeine

RiverBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverBed`
Description	This is the thin layer of ground or artificial solid that underlies a Stream. In COSMO a Stream or other BodyOfWater includes the Stream or Lake bed, so this is part of the Stream. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'riverbed' in Wordnet: 1. riverbed, river bottom - (a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a river)`
Super-classes	StreamBed^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value River^c servesAsaPathFor^op value RiverCurrent^c
Sub-classes	Arroyo^c

RiverCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverCurrent`
Description	A FunctionalProcess during which Water flows in a stream-like formation in a River.
Super-classes	StreamCurrent^c

RiverDelta^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverDelta`
Description	A ''RiverDelta'' is the ''GeographicalObject'' that is characteristic of the region where a large ''River'' empties into a large body of water' forming multiple streams that fan out in the shape of the Greek letter capital 'delta'. The ground area of a ''RiverDelta'' is formedfor silt moved downstream by the River, thus requiring a River with substantial flow (at some time) to form. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delta' in WordNet: 1. (1) delta - (a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water)`
Super-classes	PlanetarySurfaceObject^c GeographicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Silt^c isAtTheEndOf^op value River^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Triangular^c hasPhysicalPart^op value SiltBed^c isCreatedByArtifact^op value River^c

RiverOtter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverOtter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'river otter' in Wordnet: 1. river otter, Lutra canadensis - (sociable aquatic animal widely distributed along streams and lake borders in North America)`
Super-classes	Mustelidae^c Otter^c

RiverValley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RiverValley`
Description	A ''RiverValley'' is any ''Valley'' that has a dominant ''River'', not necessarily carved out by that river. Perhaps should be defined differently?
Super-classes	Valley^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value River^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Deep^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShenandoahValley

Rivet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rivet`
Description	A strong solid fastening rod with a flattish head on one end. It is put through a hole in the object(s) to be fastened, and the other end is flattened to form the connection. `NOTE: this is for the steel rivets that connect steel beams or plates to each other. If other types of rivet are required they can be made as sister types. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rivet' in WordNet: 2. rivet - (heavy pin having a head at one end and the other end being hammered flat after being passed through holes in the pieces that are fastened together)`
Super-classes	Fastener^c Shaft^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Steel^c isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value Riveting^c isDesignedToConnect^op value TwoSteelBeams^c

Riveting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Riveting

Description

Connecting solid objects together with a rivet fastener. The connection is not easily undone, as it involves a deformation of the rivet itself.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'rivet' in WordNet:
          2. rivet - (fasten with a rivet or rivets)

Super-classes Fastening^c

RoadIntersection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadIntersection`
Description	A ''RoadIntersection'' is a ''GenericIntersection''' in which the things that intersect are (at least two different) ''Roadway''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'intersection' in WordNet: 2. (2) intersection, crossroad, crossway, crossing, carrefour - (a junction where one street or road crosses another)`
Super-classes	GenericIntersection^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op min 2
Sub-classes	TrafficCircle^c

RoadShoulder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadShoulder`
Description	A ''RoadShoulder'' is the 'shoulder' of a Roadway that can be traversed by vehicles but is not intended to be used for through traffic, rather it may be inteded for parking or for emergency stops or just to provide a margin of safety so that vehicles that swerve from the lane adjacent to the edge of the road will not damege adjacent objects or be damaged. If a road has a 'RoadShoulder'', that is the part of the Roadway that is adjacent to the ''Roadside''. `A 'RoadShoulder' may or may not be paved, and is part of the roadway and is adjacent to and not not part of the ''Roadside''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'shoulder' in WordNet: 4. shoulder, berm - (narrow edge of land (usually unpaved) along the side of a road)`
Super-classes	PhysicalMargin^c LongAndThinThing^c OutdoorObject^c
Restrictions	isAlongside^op value Roadside^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Roadway^c

RoadToll^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadToll

Description

A ''RoadToll'' is a ''Fee'', an ''AttributeType'' each value of which is a quantity of Money that is an Attribute of the right to travel in a vehicle over some stretch of a road or over a bridge.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toll' in WordNet:
       1. (1) toll - (a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance))

Super-classes Fee^c

RoadTollPayment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadTollPayment`
Description	A ''RoadTollPayment'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid in any form: cash, credit card transaction, automatic withdrawal, check, or any other method translatable into some monetary amount, obligated by some ''UsingaTollRoad'' Action.
Super-classes	FeePayment^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some PayingaRoadToll^c

RoadUnderpass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadUnderpass

Description

CYC: every underpass is below some overpass.

       NOTE: this is for roadways under roadways; 
         For the  pedestrian tunnel that passes under a Roadway, use ''Underpass''.

      RHW sense includes both meanings:      
      RHW:   a passage running underneath, esp. a passage for pedestrians
             or vehicles, or both, crossing under a railroad, road, etc.

Super-classes PathForWheeledVehicles^c

RoadVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadVehicle`
Description	COSMO note: A 'mountain bike' or a 'dune buggy' are still instances of 'RoadVehicle': though though can travel off-road. they can travel even better on a road. This is in contrast to tracked vehicles, which are not well-suited for road travel, and can damage roads. Cyc: A specialization of both #$LandTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$RoadVehicle is a self-powered vehicle designed primarily for travel on roads (although some instances may also have limited off-road capabilities). Notable specializations of #$RoadVehicle include #$Automobile, #$Truck, and #$Bus-RoadVehicle. Since #$RoadVehicle is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, each instance of #$RoadVehicle is self-powered. Consequently, road transportation devices which are not self-powered (for example, all the instances of #$Bicycle) are not included in this collection. SUMO (SelfPoweredRoadVehicle): the class of RoadVehicles that are also PoweredVehicles. SelfPoweredRoadVehicle covers motorcycles, semi-trailers, RVs, etc., as well as Automobiles. This class includes vehicles powered by electricity, gasoline, diesel, and other fuels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motor vehicle' in WordNet: 1. motor vehicle, automotive vehicle - (a self-propelled wheeled vehicle that does not run on rails)
Super-classes	LandTransportationVehicle^c
Sub-classes	Ambulance^c Streetcar^c Bus^c FourWheelDriveVehicle^c Motorcycle^c ArmoredCar^c Truck^c TractorTrailer^c Snowplow^c RecreationalVehicle^c Automobile^c

RoadVehicleDriver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadVehicleDriver`
Description	A ''RoadVehicleDriver'' is a ''Driver'' who is driving a ''RoadVehicle'' at any specific time - someone 'on the road' in a car. `NOTE: in WN a ''Driver'' is the same as this type, but 'Driver'' in COSMO is used to label someone who steers any kind of vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver' in WordNet: 1. (19) driver - (the operator of a motor vehicle)`
Super-classes	Driver^c
Restrictions	controls^op value RoadVehicle^c
Sub-classes	AutomobileDriver^c

RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor`
Description	CYC: The collection of all road vehicle hatch-back coverings. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hatchback' in WordNet: 2. hatchback, hatchback door - (a sloping rear car door that is lifted to open)`
Super-classes	RearPartOfAnObject^c MechanicalAutoPart^c CarDoor^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Hatchback^c

RoadVehicleSideDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadVehicleSideDoor`
Description	A ''RoadVehicleSideDoor'' is a ''Door'' that is on the side of a ''RoadVehicle'' and is used for by passengers to enter and exit. (the door of a car)
Super-classes	CarDoor^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Automobile^c

Roadside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roadside`
Description	A long and thin region that is along and #$adjacentTo the side of the road. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roadside' in WordNet: 1. (2) wayside, roadside - (edge of a way or road or path; 'flowers along the wayside')`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c Place-NonAgent^c OutdoorObject^c
Restrictions	isAlongside^op value Roadway^c

Roadway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roadway`
Description	COSMO note: this type can be used to represent a complete Roadway (some street in a City, or interstate highway) from beginning to end, or merely some part of a Roadway, such as a CurveInaRoad. Railroads are not included. This type is also ambiguous between a complete public right-of-way, including sidewalks, or only the portion of ground prepared for vehicles to travel on. For that distinction see 'Street' and 'Street-RoadwayOnly'. NOTE that we classify as a ''FlatObject'' although over extended ranges it can go up and down hills. It is locally 'flat'. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$PathForWheeledVehicles. Each instance of #$Roadway is a path artifact designed to accomodate road vehicles (see the collection #$RoadVehicle) such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Specializations of #$Roadway include #$Street-Generic and #$Highway. SUMO: Roadway is the subclass of LandTransitways that are areas intended for surface travel by self-powered, wheeled vehicles, excluding those that travel on tracks. Roadways have been at least minimally improved to enable the passage of vehicles. Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads, paved streets, and expressways. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'road' in WordNet (it is unclear whether the WordNet sense includes footpaths for people or animals not traversable by vehicles, which are not included in this type) and includes sense 1 of 'roadway':: in WordNet: 1. (95) road, route - - (an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation) WN 'roadway': 1. (11) roadway - - (a road (especially that part of a road) over which vehicles travel)
Super-classes	PlanetarySurfaceObject^c FlatObject^c PathForWheeledVehicles^c InfrastructureProduct^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value RoadVehicle^c enablesOrAssists^op value DrivingaRoadVehicle^c enablesOrAssists^op value VehicularTraffic^c
Sub-classes	Driveway^c Street^c Shortcut^c TrafficCircle^c Detour^c MainRoad^c Street-RoadwayOnly^c PavedRoadway^c Lane^c Overpass^c ShortcutRoad^c CurveInaRoad^c Causeway^c

RoadwayPavement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoadwayPavement`
Description	The paving on top of a''PavedRoadway''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pavement' and sense 2 of 'paving' in WordNet: 1. (2) pavement, paving - (the paved surface of a thoroughfare)`
Super-classes	PavedSurface^c PublicProperty^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op value PavedRoadway^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value PavedRoadway^c

Roasted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roasted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'roasted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) roast, roasted - ((meat) cooked by dry heat in an oven)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

RoastedFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoastedFoodObject`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roast' in WordNet: 1. roast, joint - (a piece of meat roasted or for roasting and of a size for slicing into more than one portion)`
Super-classes	CookedFoodObject^c MeatObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Roasted^c isProducedByEventType^op value RoastingAction^c

Roasting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roasting

Description

''Roasting'' is an AttributeValue of an object (usually a piece of food) that is the object of a ''RoastingAction'', while it is being roasted.

        No adj sense for 'roasting' in WN.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RoastingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoastingAction`
Description	''RoastingRoastingAction'' is Cooking a piece of ''Meat'' in an Oven. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roast' in WordNet: 1. (4) roast - (cook with dry heat, usually in an oven; 'roast the turkey')`
Super-classes	CookingFood^c
Restrictions	produced^op value RoastedFoodObject^c typicallyOccursInside^op value Oven^c

Robber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Robber`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robber' in WordNet: 1. (5) robber - (a thief who steals from someone by threatening violence)`
Super-classes	Thief^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Robbery^c
Sub-classes	Bandit^c

Robbery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Robbery`
Description	''Robbery'' differs from ''Burglary'' in that the thief directly confronts the person and takes something valuable by threat of force. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robbery' in Wordnet: 1. (3) robbery - (larceny by threat of violence) WN verb 'rob': 1. (5) rob - (take something away by force or without the consent of the owner; 'The burglars robbed him of all his money')`
Super-classes	Compelling^c Stealing^c
Restrictions	mayBePerformedByAgent^op value Bandit^c hasSubEvent^op value Threatening^c isPerformedBy^op value Robber^c
Sub-classes	Piracy^c Plundering^c

Robe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Robe`
Description	A ''Robe'' is a loose and comfortable usually long but light coat-like outer Garment used while indoors, in lieu of more formal outdoor clothing. `@ToDo: The formal ceremonial 'robe'??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robe' in Wordnet: 1. (3) robe - (any loose flowing garment)`
Super-classes	OuterGarment^c
Sub-classes	DressingGown^c Kimono^c Bathrobe^c

Robin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Robin

Description

      Includes both senses of 'robin' in WordNet:
       1. robin, redbreast, robin redbreast, Old World robin, Erithacus rubecola -
          (small Old World songbird with a reddish breast)
   2. robin, American robin, Turdus migratorius - (large American thrush having 
      a rust-red breast and abdomen)

Super-classes Bird^c

RoboCall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoboCall`
Description	A 'TelephoneCall' consisting of a calling automation calling a telephone and playing a recorded message to another party.
Super-classes	TelephoneCall^c

Robot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Robot`
Description	A Robot an intelligent artifact that has a solid body that can perform physical actions. It may be autonomous, or an Automaton. Robots may be stationary or mobile. Stationary robots are,for example, those used in manufacturing, which remain fixed to one location while its arms move and perform useful actions. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'robot' in WordNet (see parent type ''Automaton'' to include non-physical objects: in WordNet: 1. automaton, robot, golem - (a mechanism that can move automatically)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c Automaton^c
Sub-classes	HumanoidRobot^c

Robotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Robotic`
Description	''Robotic'' is a term that pertains to ''Robot''s and ''Robotics'', and to the kind Actions that are performed by ''Robot''s. The term 'robotic' is also used informally to mean 'automatic, without thinking'.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Robotics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Robotics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robotics' in WordNet: 1. robotics - (the area of AI concerned with the practical use of robots)`
Super-classes	ArtificialIntelligence^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Robot^c

Robust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Robust`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robust' in WordNet: 1. (1) robust - (physically strong)`
Super-classes	Strong^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Rock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rock`
Description	A ''Rock'' is a ''StoneObject-Natural'' that is larger than a ''Pebble'', but otherwise can be of any size (e.g. the Rock of Gibraltar). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rock' in WordNet: 1. (14) rock, stone - (a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter; 'he threw a rock at me')`
Super-classes	StoneObject-Natural^c
Restrictions	isLargerThan^op value Pebble^c
Sub-classes	SteppingStone^c

RockMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockMusic`
Description	A specialization of #$Music. A very broad category of popular music that began in the mid-1950s and continues up to the present day (1999), and that encompasses a variety of submovements and styles. Essentially a youth-oriented music. #$RockMusic is usually played on electrically-amplified instruments (esp. the electric guitar), often in a loud and aggressive manner. The lyrics of#$RockMusic songs (in addition to the common popular music themes of romantic love, sexual desire, and loneliness) often express rebellion and independence. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'rock' and sense 1 of 'rock music' in WordNet: 6. rock 'n' roll, rock'n'roll, rock-and-roll, rock and roll, rock, rock music - - (a genre of popular music originating in the 1950s; a blend of Black rhythm-and-blues with White country-and-western; 'rock is a generic term for the range of styles that evolved out of rock'n'roll.')`
Super-classes	PopularMusic^c
Sub-classes	PopMusic^c

RockMusicGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockMusicGroup`
Description	A 'RockMusicGroup' is a MusicGroup that mostly plays 'RockMusic'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rock group' in WordNet: 1. rock group, rock band - (a band of musicians who play rock'n'roll music)`
Super-classes	MusicGroup^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBeatles

RockOrSnowSlide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockOrSnowSlide`
Description	A ''RockOrSnowSlide'' is a 'Descending' of some portion of the Ground or of snow covering the ground, down the side of a hill. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slide' in WordNet: 2. (1) slide - ((geology) the descent of a large mass of earth or rocks or snow etc.)`
Super-classes	Phenomenon^c Descending^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value HillOrMountain^c
Sub-classes	Landslide^c Avalanche^c

RockRift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockRift`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rift' in WordNet: 2. rift - (a narrow fissure in rock)`
Super-classes	Crevice^c

RockStar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockStar`
Description	A ''RockStar'' is a ''ProfessionalSinger'' whose performances of RockMusic'' is very popular. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rock star' in WordNet: 1. rock star - (a famous singer of rock music)`
Super-classes	ProfessionalSinger^c FamousHuman^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SingingRockMusic^c

Rocker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rocker`
Description	A ''Rocker'' is a curved ''Rod'' that is a part of a ''FurniturePiece'' used as a lower support member,often attached by vertical suprt members (as in a ''RockingChair'', that is horizontally aligned in the gravitational field, and touching the floor or ground. It is designed to enable easy ''Rocking'' of the ''FurniturePiece''. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'rocker' in Wordnet: 7. rocker - (a curved support that permits the supported object to rock to and fro)`
Super-classes	Rod^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value FurniturePiece^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FurniturePiece^c enablesOrAssists^op value RockingSomething^c enablesOrAssists^op value RockingMotion^c hasShape^op value ArcShaped^c

Rocket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rocket`
Description	Any device propelled by an engine (''RocketEngine'') that creates thrust by propelling high velocity gases in the direction opposite of the desired motion. CYC: 'RocketPropelledTransportationDevice': The collection of all #$TransportationDevices propelled by rocket engines which includes earth-to-orbit and moon-to-orbit devices, aircraft, weapons and some unusual instances of automobiles. Rocket engines are self-contained in that they do not need oxygen from the atmosphere to burn fuel and therefore are the only engines capable of space travel. #$Weapons which are commonly called rockets are here defined as #$Missiles that are also RocketPropelledVehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rocket' in WordNet: 1. (2) rocket, projectile - (any vehicle self-propelled by a rocket engine)
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c AirTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value RocketEngine^c
Sub-classes	BazookaShell^c Skyrocket^c

RocketEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RocketEngine`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Engines used to propel #$RocketPropelledVehicles, of which they are generally a part. Rocket engines are driven by reaction propulsion. `Corresponds to psrt (this is not a complete 'rocket') of noun sense 1 of 'rocket engine' in WordNet: 1. rocket, rocket engine - (a jet engine containing its own propellant and driven by reaction propulsion)`
Super-classes	Engine^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value Rocket^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Rocket^c

RocketLauncher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RocketLauncher`
Description	''RocketLauncher''incldes ''Bazooka''s. For the larger indirect fire missiles, use 'BallisticMissileLauncher''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rocket launcher' in WordNet: 1. launcher, rocket launcher - (armament in the form of a device capable of launching a rocket)`
Super-classes	MilitaryWeapon^c ProjectileLauncher^c
Restrictions	propels^op value Rocket^c
Sub-classes	RecoillessLauncher^c BallisticMissileLauncher^c

RocketPropelledTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RocketPropelledTransportationDevice`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$TransportationDevices propelled by rocket engines which includes earth-to-orbit and moon-to-orbit devices, aircraft, weapons and some unusual instances of automobiles. Rocket engines are self-contained in that they do not need oxygen from the atmosphere to burn fuel and therefore are the only engines capable of space travel. #$Weapons which are commonly called rockets are here defined as #$Missiles that are also RocketPropelledVehicles.
Super-classes	TransportationDevice^c SelfPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	Missile^c Spacecraft^c

RockingChair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockingChair`
Description	A ''Chair'' that has supporting ''Rocker''s and can be easily rocked back and forth around some horizontal axis of rotation. `CYC: A type of a chair which is mounted on rockers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rocking chair' in Wordnet: 1. rocking chair, rocker - (a chair mounted on rockers)`
Super-classes	Chair^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Rocker^c

RockingMotion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockingMotion

Description

A 'RockingMotion' is an Event in which a PhysicalObject (or some part of a PhysicalObject) moves in an approximately rotating motion back and forth around an axis, This includes swaying motions as well as racking as in a rocking chair or a baby's rocker, or of a ship 'rolling' around the front-back axis. Although there may be some part of a rocking object that can be said to undergo a 'ShakingMotion', it is the motion of the object as a whole that determines if it is to be classified as 'rocking'

  CYC 'Rocking': Repetitive tipping back and forth (or side to
        side) along a (normally vertical) plane with a somewhat
        regular rhythm.  The motion is constrained by the surface of
        the object being rocked.  Each unidirectional rock is
        equivalent to a time slice of a #$SurfaceConstrainedRotation
        event.  The motion of a #$RockingChair, rocking horse, or a
        #$Watercraft being rocked by the waves are examples of
        #$Rocking.  For rocking on a solid surface there is no
        #$Slipping betwen the rocking object and the surface.  The
        somewhat similar motion in a #$Chair-PieceOfFurniture whose
        seat pivots on an #$IntrinsicAxisOfObject, but whose legs
        remain firmly on the supporting surface is technically not
        #$Rocking, but #$Swinging (about the pivot).  #$Rocking is
        normally limited in angular extent by the shape of the
        object.  The limit being exceeded will normally cause
        #$TippingOver or a #$CapsizingEvent, not #$SurfaceConstrainedRotation.

  This is the Event solely from the moving object's perspective; the
  act of causing something to rock is 'RockingSomething'.

  Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rock' in WordNet:
    1. (6) rock, sway, shake - (move back and forth or sideways; 'the ship was rocking';
       'the tall building swayed'; 'She rocked back and forth on her feet')

Super-classes ReversingRotation^c
MotionInPlace^c
ActionSeries^c

RockingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RockingSomething`
Description	A 'RockingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to undergo a RockingMotion, around some axis. `NOTE that the transitive and intransitive senses have different parent types. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'rock' in WordNet: 2. rock, sway - (cause to move back and forth; 'rock the cradle'; 'rock the baby'; 'the wind swayed the trees gently')`
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value RockingMotion^c

Rocky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rocky

Description

An attribute of the top layer of the ground (''Soil'') that has a significantly larger than typical number of ''Rock''s on top or mixed in.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rocky' in WordNet:
        1. (3) rocky, bouldery, bouldered, stony - (abounding in rocks or stones;
           'rocky fields'; 'stony ground'; 'bouldery beaches')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Rod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rod`
Description	Any rigid solid cylinder that is much longer than it is wide, cylindrical in shape, usually made from wood or metal or plastic, or glass, and no wider than a tree trunk (a fuzzy criterion), but may be as narrow as a ''Spoke''' as long as it is sufficiently rigid to serve as a ''SupportingObject''. Rods include the subtypes ''Pole'' and ''Shaft'' and ''Stick''. This will include some objects not normally called a 'rod'. Thick concrete or stone columns are not 'rods' but flagpoles are, and the thick supporting pole of a large tent also is; the poles used in a pole vault are instances. The mast of a sailing ship is a borderline included instance of 'Rod' (actually an instance of the subtype 'Pole') even though it may be as thick as a small tree trunk. The crossSectional shape of a ''Circle''is only approximate,as some bars have flat potions in the cross-section. A ''Rod'' is usually straight, but it can be somewhat curved, as in a bicycle Handlebar. NOTE: since substances in COSMO are classes (types) there is no simple way to encode the constituent substance restriction in COSMO-OWL. @ToDoFOL. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'rod' - it can be of any rigid material, with some flexibility. in WordNet: 2. (1) rod - (a long thin implement made of metal or wood)
Super-classes	DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c BoardOrRod^c CylindricalObject^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	hasCrossSectionalShape^op value Circle^c
Sub-classes	Baluster^c FishingPole^c ControlLever^c Club^c Bar^c ConductorsBaton^c Rocker^c Shaft^c FurnitureLeg^c Spoke^c Baton^c Spear^c BurningSpark^c Wand^c MetalRod^c Sparkler^c Slat^c

Rodent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rodent`
Description	SUMO: The Class of Mammals with one or two pairs of incisors for gnawing. Includes rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rodent' in WordNet: 1. rodent, gnawer, gnawing animal - (relatively small gnawing animals having a single pair of constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing)`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c PlacentalMammal^c
Sub-classes	Gerbil^c Chinchilla^c Beaver^c Porcupine^c Squirrel^c Cavy^c Rat^c WoodRat^c Lemming^c Rabbit^c Hamster^c Capybara^c Mouse^c

Rodeo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rodeo`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rodeo' in WordNet: 1. (2) rodeo - (an exhibition of cowboy skills)`
Super-classes	SportsCompetition^c DisplayOfSkill^c EntertainmentPerformance^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Cowboy^c hasSubEvent^op value Lassoing^c

Roe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roe`
Description	A moist grainy solid substance consisting of Many ''FishEgg''s. `Roe of certain Fish are eaten as ''Caviar''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roe' in WordNet: 1. roe, hard roe - (fish eggs or egg-filled ovary; having a grainy texture)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Moist^c isDerivedFrom^op value Fish^c hasUnitObject^op value FishEgg^c
Sub-classes	Caviar^c

Rogue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rogue`
Description	This ''Rogue'' is ''Unreliable'' though not necessarily deceitful. A ''Rogue'' cannot be relied on to do what s/he is supposed to or obliged to or wanted to do. 'She went rogue and ignored instructions.' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rogue' in WordNet: 1. (1) rogue, knave, rascal, rapscallion, scalawag, scallywag, varlet - (a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel)`
Super-classes	BadGuy^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Roguish^c
Sub-classes	Renegade^c

RogueAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RogueAnimal`
Description	A ''RogueAnimal'' is a ''NonHumanAnimal'' who does not gather with others of its type (who usually do congegate together), or performs Actions uncharacteristic of its type. `This is treated here as a metaphorical use of the term 'rogue'. No WN sense for this concept: RHW sense of noun 'rogue': 4. a rogue elephant or other animal of similar disposition.`
Super-classes	AgentInRole^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	RogueElephant^c

RogueElephant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RogueElephant`
Description	A ''RogueElephant'' is an Elephant who is a ''RogueAnimal'', a term commonly applied to one that wanders off by itself rather than staying together with the herd that it belongs to by genetic relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rogue elephant' in WordNet: 1. rogue elephant - (a wild and vicious elephant separated from the herd)`
Super-classes	Elephant^c RogueAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Savage^c

Roguish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roguish

Description

'Roguish'' is the Attribute of a Person being like a ''Rogue'' in being ''Unreliable'' and not adhering to expected behavior for the position or responsibility the Person holds.

     Now WN adj sense for 'rogue':
      In RHW 'rogue':
        11. no longer obedient, belonging, or accepted and hence not controllable
           or answerable; deviating, renegade: a rogue cop; a rogue union local.

Super-classes Deceitful^c
Unreliable^c

Role^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Role`
Description	Role is a high-level concept that aggregates several primitive notions, and is difficult to describe analytically, but has a necessary property that, as a subtype of TemporalThing, every instance has a beginning time and an ending time. There are several distinguishable types or Roles. A Role may be acquired at Birth ('native of country x') and last forever For Roles that are created by an Event and last forever, (The Father of PrinceWilliam), the ending time can be TheEndOfTime. The ''Winner'' of a contest is always the Winner. The 'first wife' of Mr. X always is. Some Roles are essentially identical to that of participant (agent, object, location) in some Event - specified by a Event slot. Some persistent Roles are filed at different times by different persons: PresidentOfTheUnitedStates, Pope. More problematic are Roles that express on and off activities: Occupation Student Performer NOTE that this 'Role' differs from the CYC treatment of roles, which usually uses ternary predicates to relate the role-filling or role-playing to a specific situation. The time restrictions in CYC will be addressed by the time restrictions on the situation. In COSMO, since ternary predicates are not explicitly used, the time restrictions have to be added to the instance of 'Role' which is a TemporalThing. In COSMO each 'Role' is an instance of ''RoleType'' and each such instance is attached to some Entity for some interval of Time. That Role can be created (attached to some entity) as a result of some Event and that asignment of a Role can be (partly) represented by using the relation 'hadObjectCreated' pointing to the Role. As of Rev1351 this tactic will allow only one Role to be assigned by any given Event. @ToDo: Needs work. NOTE also that there are significant differences in subtypes of 'Role'. 'Part' is a subtype of Role in which assertions about the instance of role filler carry implications that the same assertion is true of the instance of 'Role' in that time frame - that Roles and their fillers merge as one individual in that time frame. This is also true of HumanRoles such as 'Student', 'teacher'. This convention is adopted to keep COSMO usage as close as possible to linguistic usage. But for 'PretendingRole', such as acting roles, it is not always true that what is asserted about the role player will be true about the role. An instance of a 'Role' in COSMO is to be interpreted as 'an entity that serves in this Role during a specific time period', and therefore there is no restriction on a subtype relation between Roles and entities that have 'rigid' identities; an instance of 'Student' is an instance of Person that serves in the Role of 'Student', in some time interval. Every instance of a Role class will be an instance only in some TimeInterval, but that TimeInterval may be the whole lifetime of the instance, e.g. a Person will be the 'Child' of its parents as long as it lives, though being a Child is a Role. In cases where there can be only one filler for a 'Role' subclass, that subclass is still a class, not formally an individual. One may think of such a 'Role' class as a single 4D worm through space-time, but it is still formally a COSMO class. The instances, then would be TimeSlices of that single 4D worm. To reiterate, every defined 'role' in COSMO is actually a class which is a subtype of the most generic 'Role', and is an instance of the metaclass 'RoleType'. In COSMO every defined 'Role' is a subclass of the most generic class 'Role' One may prefer to view a single 4D 'Role' worm through space-time as an individual (as in the 'Child' example); it can still be considered as a COSMO class, but with only one entity that serves as role filler at any time or in any TimeSlice. In another treatment in which such 4D worms are individuals, this single-filler Role might be considered an 'individual', but that is not the COSMO approach. In COSMO, every instance of a Role is a TimeSlice of some 4D worm that is a subclass of some 'Role' class. To explain further, consider the Role class of 'Student'. There may be many 4D worms through space-time that serve as subtypes of the general role 'Student'. If one instantiates the role 'Student' and associates it with a particular role filler (which would be a Person), that instance would in fact be a TimeSlice of both the individual Person and of the 'individual' 4D worm though space-time that intersects with that Person in some time interval. Thus in COSMO any instance of a Role is in fact a TimeSlice of that Role (if it is an individual 4D worm) or of some subclass of that Role (if it has more than one 4D worm member). This usage is not yet (rev981) fully axiomatized in COSMO, as COSMO is still in OWL format. Instances of a Role class that should be specified as to the TimeInterval in which that instance exists; there is as of rev981 no restriction on this generic 'Role' class requiring this, because we may have abstract entities that fill some roles, and because there are different Role subtypes using different filler relations. When one creates a Role subclass that is also a subclass of a PhysicalObject, then there should be a restriction requiring that every instance of that class have its TimeInterval (starting and ending times) specified. See, for example, 'HumanRole'. @ToDo: Certain type of Roles (such as Part) may relate abstract entities that are not located in time, and should not be subtypes of TemporalThing. A differentiation of time-dependent and time-independent Roles should be added. The notion of Role is related to the more general notion of a semantic relation, and in some knowledge representations the relations are called 'roles'. In COSMO there is a difference, as a Role is a type, though every Role may in fact imply the existence of some semantic relation that relates the role to another entity with respect to which it plays a role. The details of how to relate these notions is left to a later stage of development of the ontology. For case roles in a specific Event, the Role lasts no longer than the duration of the Event (but may last for less than that time, for participants who participate only for part of an Event). The most common use of 'Role' is for concepts that exist in dependence on other concepts, such as 'Mother', which implies a child, or 'President' which implies some organization. But grammatical roles such as the cases of verb case frames will also fit under this broad category. When a phrase such as 'The ?X of ?Y' is encountered, almost invariably the ?X is a Role of some kind, which also includes parts. In COSMO 'Role' is broad enough to include Events; for example, 'Choice' is a Role, and some Events may fill the Role of 'Choice' - those things a Person chooses to do. NOTE importantly: that HumanRole is a subtype of this category, and also a subtype of Person, so Person and Role are not disjoint. This allows HumanRoles (janitor, President) to serve in the same relations that people themselves would serve, but they are also recognizable as Roles because they will be subtypes of the Role category. The mathematical and logical 'equals' can be used to equate a unique Role with its filler, but only if the time interval during which that relation holds is specified. In that case, the Role and its filler can be used interchangeably, but only in the base 'all-knowing' context. NOTE that Roles may not be 'transparent' in referential contexts asserting beliefs or possible worlds. A person who does not know the filler of a Role may express opinions about the Role, which are inconsistent with their opinions about the filler of the Role. For example, a man who loves his wife may assert that he hates the murderer of a friend, not knowing that his wife is the murderer of his friend. If the Role and role filler were asserted to be mathematically identical in all contexts, this would entail a contradiction, assuming that love and hate are disjoint for this example. An individual assertion by a Person needs to be treated as a part of a belief system. NOTE also that when used as a pure OWL ontology, it will be necessary for every subclass of Role should to be an instance of RoleType, so that it can be used as an argument for most of the relations ponting to roles. However the relation 'isServingInTheRoleOf' can point to objects that are not formal ''Role''s,but whose function* is being mimicked by another Object in some specific Action. For Roles that are merged with other Types, such as HumanRoles, each should have its own explicit relation indicating when the role-filler started in that role and when (it/he/she) ended. If it is possible to fill a Role for multiple non-continguous periods of time, then the begin and end time of each continuous segment of 'Role' will define individual instances of that Role. NOTE also that the use of 'Role' in the COSMO is still being developed (as of rev981), and may need bridging axioms to translate this formalism into the notation of somem other ontologies. NOTE also that there are various types of 'Roles' and the subtype 'DramaticRole' differs form others in that the relation 'playsTheRoleOf' is used rather than 'fillsTheRoleOf'. See those relations for further discussion. BFO 'role': Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO: Examples: the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a patient relative as defined by a hospital administrative form, the role of a woman as a legal mother in the context of system of laws, the role of a biological grandfather as legal guardian in the context of a system of laws, the role of ingested matter in digestion, the role of a student in a university No Wordnet synset seems to have the same primary meaning.
Super-classes	RealizableEntity^c TemporalThing^c owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Theater^c Carer^c Lodging^c AnonymousAuthor^c TypicalAdultPerson^c Analogue^c AddictiveSubstance^c Resource^c StageProp^c PausingAction^c Sacrifice^c AgentiveSubstance^c PretendingRole^c ReservedSeat^c Acquisition^c Antihypertensive^c Listener^c GenericVictim^c ReciprocalRole^c Eccentric^c BuffetMeal^c PoliticalPartyMembers^c TukTuk^c Hunter^c Lure^c JuvenileAnimal^c DisabledPerson^c BlindPerson^c Linguist^c Vermin^c TopicOfInterest^c Residue^c Antidote^c AntiToxin^c MedicalRemedy^c AntimalarialDrug^c Feeder^c Faction^c Prisoner^c Variant^c NuclearModerator^c Catch^c Solvent^c Recipient^c ChemicalPrecursor^c SomethingOwed^c Stimulus^c Goodies^c WholeThing^c MilitarySector^c Inspector^c Opponent^c Instance^c Investment^c Protrusion^c AntiprotozoalDrug^c SeatedPerson^c Captive^c AgreeingAgents^c IndulgingaDesire^c FinalChemicalProduct^c Materialization^c Luxury^c AlternativeThing^c AuthorOfRecord^c Substitute^c Wreckage^c BargainPurchase^c PrescriptionDrug^c Contributor^c Trainer^c TrumpCard^c GatheringPlace^c LegalAgent^c Faltering^c NeighboringObject^c Mathematician^c QualifyingAction^c Blocker^c CauseAndEffect^c ModelFigure^c Gardener^c CrashPad^c Clique^c UniqueThingInaContext^c Pyrogen^c TreatingSomeone^c AnalyticalSample^c AntiDepressant^c Debtor^c AnimalRole^c Inputting^c LargestThingInaContext^c FitPerson^c Remains^c Favorite^c PrimitivePerson^c ProfessionalPerson^c Captioner^c Detainee^c PhysicalFeature^c BallastObject^c Petitioner^c FarmBusiness^c AgentRole^c Purchase^c BetaRay^c DessertFood^c Preparation^c ReferenceStandard^c Prop^c Meal^c ChristianPerson^c Issue^c UnpleasantPerson^c Attachment^c Reward^c DiseaseVector^c Den^c MedicalCareProvider^c Antipyretic^c ToyReplica^c Gift^c Creditor^c Synergist^c LegalEntity^c QuidProQuo^c Competitors^c MultiCourseMeal^c Error^c Decongestant^c Jetsam^c Invention^c PartOfanArtifact^c Liar^c PartOfaShip^c Commuter^c Prey^c CompetitorQuartet^c Cause^c LaundryMan^c ResidueObject^c InstanceOfType^c MagicalPerson^c Hazard^c Filler^c DefiniteDescriptionRole^c Consideration^c Bidder^c FishCatch^c TheBlind^c Anticoagulant^c Allergen^c AlphaRay^c SampleOfSubstance^c SubstanceRole^c Prize^c Eater^c AdditionalInformation^c Specimen^c ControlledSubstance^c PartyToAnAgreement^c Outpatient^c Inpatient^c Individualist^c HighestThingInaContext^c MarketPlace^c HumanRole^c Payer^c Solute^c Flotsam^c Antihistamine^c MidAir^c TreatObject^c ContraceptiveDrug^c Snack^c Buyer^c Ornament^c FallingPerson^c Rank^c Factor^c AncientElement^c QuotaLimit^c InstanceCopy^c ChemicalIntermediate^c Placebo^c TaxiCab^c Hangout^c RoleInaContext^c ImmunePerson^c Survivor^c Hostage^c Abstainer^c GrammaticalRole^c SomethingGiven^c CommonFolk^c Reincarnation^c Funder^c Sedative^c TreatEvent^c WorkSurface^c Analgesic^c Seniority^c Result^c Theme^c Tracker^c OppositeThing^c Nonessential^c Authority^c AuthenticationSource^c Capital^c HostForParasite^c Feature^c Vendor^c HighProfile^c AddedObject^c InputtingData^c AntiDiabeticDrug^c Hydrocolloid^c Selection^c FoundThing^c AntiEmetic^c Demonstrator^c OutsideTheHouse^c SituationRole^c Wanderer^c HandicappedPerson^c Copy^c SuccessfulThing^c ClinicalSpecimen^c ObjectOfanAction^c DishOfFood^c Appraiser^c OriginalItem^c InsuredParty^c Diuretic^c
In domain of	filledTheSubjectRoleIn^op

RoleCreatedByEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoleCreatedByEvent`
Description	RoleCreatedByEvent a Role that arises due to the participation of an Object in an Event, and persists after the Event is ended. An example is the Role of Creator of some conceptual work, a Role that arises because the Creator was an agent in a Creation event. `A RoleCreatedByEvent may be permanent (such as BirthMother or Creator) or temporary (such as Employee). See the subtypes TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent and PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent.`
Super-classes	RoleInAnEvent^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	Appointee^c Rapist^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c Scorer^c Ex-Wife^c PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent^c Ex-Husband^c Target^c

RoleFunctions^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoleFunctions

Description

'RoleFunctions' is a Group of Actions some of which agents may perform in order to perform in some some 'Role'.

      COSMO note: this is not included in COSMO, but may be useful
        when related to 'Role's

      skos-definition: 'A role is a set of connected behaviours, rights,
      obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualised by actors in the 
      context of some situation.

Super-classes Group^c

RoleInAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoleInAnEvent`
Description	A RoleInAnEvent is a Role that an Object takes from the fact that it a participant of a particular type in an Event. If that Role is generated by the Event and continues after the Event (such as the 'BirthMother' role due to a BirthEvent), that Role will be a subtype of the specialization 'RoleCreatedByEvent'. `The role type that an entity plays in an Event may be determined by the intentions of agents acting in that Event. See, e.g. 'Target'. NOTE that in COSMO most roles in events are represented by relations, including 'hasParticipant' and its subrelations. Most of those relations are not (as of rev803) also represented as reified Roles.`
Super-classes	CaseRole^c
Sub-classes	RoleCreatedByEvent^c Donee^c UserRole^c Target^c InstrumentRole^c Load^c GenericParticipant^c MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient^c Shipment^c

RoleInaContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoleInaContext`
Description	A ''RoleInaContext'' is a Role that has relations that specify: 1. The name (label) for the Role: ''fillsTheRoleOf'' RoleType 2. In what context the Role holds (situation, action,etc) ''inContext'' any #Thing 3.what individual fills that Role ''hasRoleFiller'' Object, Substance
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	inContext^op some owl:Thing^c hasRoleFiller^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c) fillsTheRoleOf^op some RoleType^c

RoleList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoleList`
Description	A RoleList is a List all of whose elements are Roles.
Super-classes	List^c
In range of	hasRoleList^op

RoleModel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoleModel`
Description	In WordNet a 'role model' is a subtype of 'leader', but in COSMO a ''Leader'' is more formal, representing a person who actually has direct control over a group of people. Here, a ''RoleModel'' is someone who influences other people by their good example. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'role model' in Wordnet: 1. model, role model - (someone worthy of imitation; 'every child needs a role model')`
Super-classes	InfluentialPerson^c
Sub-classes	Crackerjack^c

RoleSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoleSituation`
Description	Each instance of RoleSituation is an Event in which some entity filled some Role (''filledTheSubjectRoleIn'') for some TimeInterval. A RoleSituation has only one role-filler. @ToDo: This restriction has not yet (v0.39) been formalized. `As an ''Event'', each RoleSituation inherits a starting and an ending time point.`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hadRoleFiller^op some Role^c
Sub-classes	Retirement^c MilitaryService^c ResponsibilitySituation^c DramaticActing^c
In range of	filledTheSubjectRoleIn^op

RoleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoleType`
Description	RoleType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Role as their argument.
Super-classes	TemporalThingType^c
Sub-classes	OccupationType^c RankType^c OccupationalRoleType^c ManufacturedGoodsType^c HumectantType^c LifeStageType^c AgentRoleType^c MilitaryRankType^c ResourceType^c BiologicalOrganType^c
In range of	patientAssumesRole^op isAbilityToServeInRole^op
Members	Manure Dancer PeruvianPerson KuwaitiPerson Socialist Creator Baker Comedian PartyToAnAgreement Rookie Fringe Guerrilla Intruder Rapist PromisedAction MarketPlace SomaliPerson Millionaire Protector NewbornBaby Stepfather StarEntertainer Athapaskan Recruiter MonorailOrganization Solicitor Overlord GolfScore Cloister ViolentConvict Acquirer OrnamentalRivet AmericanIndian Inhibitor PrimaDonna Hypnotist AngloPerson Nazi Mooch Omission HighestThingInaContext HomosexualMalePerson CommercialServiceProvider FederalOfficial Choice Wife AccountingClerk GeopoliticalEntity PhysiologicalEffect PhysicalPartOfObject Antihistamine Artist-Performer WealthyPerson NewsPhotographer Payer Enthusiast Antidote AlbanianPerson RomanianPerson Panelist Councillor Solute Rustic Breakfast Flotsam Feeder Immunologist Successor CommissionedOfficer Pioneer TicketAgent Traces Outskirt ContraceptiveDrug Invader SideDish Karma FencingMatch Photographer Episcopalian LiegeLord Favorite Buyer Winner Patrol Ally LegalProfessional Fisherman EmergencyWorker AppalachianPerson BallastObject CreditSituation Aftermath Innovator Electee Solvent Roommate Feminist GolfHolePar Personification Caviar SomethingOwed Chancellor-HeadOfState Finn NormanPerson Lumberjack Driver-TransportationProfessional PublicIssue Assassin Publisher DeadPerson ConcentrationMeasurementResult Competitor Agent Surgeon Newbie Molding BorrowedObject AncientElement PirateCrew Supper MusicAficionado InterestGroupMember Zombie Stub ExclusiveOption FarmAnimal AnimalTrack Partner Nominee ChemicalIntermediate Outcome Fireside Australian ItinerantLaorer Juror Civilian Nationalist AntiprotozoalDrug CoupPlotters CoLocatedContestants MinorChild Foundling Cheapskate PublicOfficial Writer Inspector Girl Tutor ThreeYearOldChild Vertex Welder Children Alto Proprietor Eldest Investment Cashier Classmate Nigra DiceThrowScore Keynote Dispatcher Refrigerant CanadianPerson ArtificialEyeLens Imam-Shiite Afterthought FacultyMember Luxury MoroccanPerson Spy Necessity Participant Grant Follower Survivor IndulgingaDesire YoungHuman Supervisor Candidate Hostage UnionRepresentative USRepresentative GraphicArtist Implant Diplomat Journalist Boomer Lender Seaman Works Materialization Paramedic InfectiousReservoir UserRole Trustee Researcher Dentist Dissenter DiseaseCarrier Spaz GirlFriend Pensioner Pest Workman Contortionist USMarine NewHire Consumer VenetianPerson Diva PallativeRemedy CaptiveAnimal CalifornianPerson Fundraiser Nurseryman ElectoralCandidate Accountant Applicant RearPartOfAnObject Metabolite Outlaw BuddhistPerson FrenchDressing Lad ScientificDiscovery Associate ArmenianPerson GroupOfFormerAssociates CraftWorker Employer Painter-Tradesperson Derelict StateOrProvince Criminal CausalAgent Host BargainPurchase Activist TelevisionNewscaster FirstResponder ProLifer Den BlameSituation RetailSalesClerk Loser LocalLawEnforcementOfficer Casserole Bait Receptionist Delegate Groom PrescriptionDrug LovedOne HumanInfant OrganizationMember Contaminant Porter IncentivizingPromisedAction Shipment Persuader GatheringPlace WorkSurface HandPuppet VicePresidentOfTheUnitedStates Decoration ChemicalIrritant NewYorkCop Nonessential SixYearOldChild LadyNoble Faltering CounterTop Victim Wrangler NeighboringObject Convict Arbitrator Peer EngineOfAction CorporateOfficer GermanPerson ImportQuota Lawyer Two-Timer BiologicalRelation Arab Editor Cartoonist GrassRoots Moghul Varmint Moderator Jihadist FoundObject Escapee Rogue Oceanographer Skater Breeder Surrogate Foreigner Capital ComplicatingFactor Experimenter RentalProperty Layman Rim ArtOrFashionModel HostForParasite Serb Firefighter Hero Communist PestiferousPerson Student IceSkater Painter Commentator Fulcrum Stewardship Vendor ConceptualWorkSequel Company-Guests AddedObject DrumMajorette MediaProfessional Stud Impurity AntiDiabeticDrug DivisionOfAnObject Food Bride Distributor Choreographer Stakeholder Senator PsychicPractitioner Antacid PoliticalPartyMember HebrewPerson ChosenObject OutsideTheHouse Heroine Selection Stepmother AnimalRole AdultAnimal Swede Borrower FoundThing GuatemalanPerson Potter PartyInRole Financier Smorgasbord Demographer Demonstrator LebanesePerson BoatCaptain Acrobat Fray Donation Comrade Emperor-HeadOfState FinalScore US_Mayor ShoePolish Prefect Inputting Cosmologist Wildcatter Hoarder ContractPrincipal Denaturant Tenant Protrusion PolishPerson FamousHuman Wanderer Dormitory FishCatch Martyr DiscovererOfaPlace Monastery Residence Plumber Skeptic Swimmer LeftWing AttorneyGeneral MovieDirector TelephoneCaller HolyPerson Empire Negro InfringingARule HandicappedPerson SmallReduction Prince Hairdresser Husband DeadOrganism Politician NigerianPerson Ballerina Copy HerbalMedicine Topping ClinicalSpecimen HomosexualHuman Neighbor Allocation Eunuch RailroadConductor IndianOceanPerson Banker Conscience YugoslavPerson Trainee ConservativePerson Phasianid ObjectOfanAction NewResidence Prince-HeadOfState Aborigine WaterCompany PredictedEvent Dissenters Member BetaBlocker Home Evildoer Diuretic AcademicAdministrator Intermediary PrimitivePerson Detainee Texan UnintendedEffect ObjectPart OriginalItem StructuralOrnamentation Populist AnimalContestant Beneficiary Playmate SaladDressing Actor Freshman Lover ObstetricianGynecologist AgentInRole MountedPoliceman Bookkeeper Negotiator Theater LibertarianPerson Colony Presidency Resource SolidFoam Duplicate Heir Fiancee Peacenik AutoMechanic SwissPeople OfficialResidence Sinner StageProp AnonymousAuthor CollegeFacultyMember TaxiDriver Stranger Analogue ArtificialBodyPart Caterer NewsShowHost Destiny Purchase MormonPerson ThePress Fighter RogueAnimal Astrophysicist ElectedOfficial RogueElephant Scot PirateShip Magician InstrumentRole TVdinner Sacrifice SnakeEyes Directors Seafood BowlerHat AgentiveSubstance TreatObject DrugProduct ReligiousMartyr Ophthalmologist HeadOfGovernment JewishPerson HeadOfState DocumentCopy Pirate VisualArtist BiologicalSon Meal SoulMate Fiduciary Monarch-HeadOfState Mafioso Summit Newscaster Racist Barber Smuggler HiredHand HaitianPerson Obstetrician Oilman FallingPerson Hilltop Victor Baddie LawEnforcementOfficer FrontRunner MiniatureToy Investigator GameBird Reliever Issue Bond Witch ReservedSeat Antihypertensive Mediator BusDriver TibetanPerson Listener Fiance DirectCause Plagiarist TVShowHost RepublicanPartyMember Adjudicator Blacksmith WildAnimal DeckHand Factor EdgeOnObject GenericVictim Antics Cleric Critic GinsengRootPowder VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial TieScore JudicialAgent Visitor Centrepiece Nerd Spokesperson FreelanceWorker BuffetMeal Boy CooperativeBusiness Attachment InstanceCopy Wholesaler Foundation Dude Musician TaxiCab SaudiPerson Reward Founder VicePresident-CorporateOfficer IranianPerson Orthodontist MiddleOfAnObject EthiopianPerson Hijacker Tepee Taker LowIncomePerson Assailant Marionette Brat Stenographer Hangout Columnist Lure LawEnforcementAgent Nutrient Guitarist Bullfighter JuvenileAnimal Separationist Engineer Lesbian TakeoutFood RoleInaContext PartyGift ShoppingMall Adjunct PartisanPerson USSenator Soldier CapitalismAdvocate MaleUndergraduate Dinner PoliceOfficer-Municipal Patsy Machinist CaucasianPerson BrazilianPerson Steward Vermin Historian Clown Offspring KoreanPerson DesignFunction FashionDesigner Moralist African-AmericanPerson Fisher Fool MemberOfTheNobility TopicOfInterest OperaStar SpeakerOfTheHouse ContestResult StateTrooper Outsider Sexist Pacifist Rabbi FacilitiesPerson OrthodoxPriest Vinaigrette Warrior Load GrammaticalRole Faction BeingaMonarch PicnicMeal Queen-HeadOfState Betrayer Comptroller Residue CenterPart NonCommissionedOfficer Experimentalist MiddleOfaRegion AntiToxin MedicalRemedy SomethingGiven Curry JordanianPerson Scribe Scientist PrivateEye Municipality TrustingAgent AircraftCarrier InhibitingaChemicalReaction Jurist Prisoner Proponent Companion Illustrator Correspondent Variant Boxer BiologicalChild Mayor NuclearModerator Business Aspirin Singer AutomobileManufacturer JobFunctions Core CabinetOfficer Guest Commuter Catch TenYearOldChild Cadet Reaction Submission ConvenienceFood SideOfaBilateralObject Baron ReactionaryPerson IndianPerson CherokeePerson BetTaker ChosenAction ProfessionalAthlete Prey MedicalDoctor Effect Salesman Billionaire Stimulus SudanesePerson HighCrown GiftOfLand CuppedHand FoodGlaze Biosolids Scout Caller Anesthesiologist Share LaundryMan Fondue Fencer Murderer Mascot Psychic Geographer Pauper AbdominalSurgeon GateCrasher Tranquilizer CommonCarrier CompetitionEntry CookingSurface CausalEvent CourseOfAMeal ShareOfStock Brute Croat KnifeEdge Bouncer VeteranSoldier Preparation BullfightAficionado IronMan GroupOfRoles Matador LandLord DanishPerson ServicePosition TaiwanesePerson Allergen Coward Segment GenericWorker Occultist DeterminingFactor Consideration Opponent UnionOrganizer Slut Ringmaster Ex-Wife Physicist PeerNoble Ambassador ProfessionalAuthor BusinessPerson Celt Entertainer Anticoagulant DomesticatedAnimal TerrorBomber SubEvent NavyMan PreyForCriminals Climber Colleague AgreeingAgents DomesticPet DomesticPartner Executive SampleOfSubstance Bounty BullsEye IrishPerson ShutoutScore RandomChoice Functionary Saver Gypsy DiscovererOfaPhenomenon SubstanceRole Medium BookingAgent FinalChemicalProduct ContractingAgents Boxcars Country Feast CommonMan LadyFriend FormerResidence Agronomist ServiceProvider AlternativeThing AuthorOfRecord HomeOwner Duchess NetFinancialAssets CandidateForMembership PoorPerson AthleticCoach Spouse Baptist ResearchScientist Countess MilitaryQuarters Surfer ControlledSubstance FileClerk Substitute Director Adulterant Cowboy CityOfficial Broker Oaf Wreckage FirstCause Legislator Keystone Radical FemaleUndergraduate Curmudgeon OneYearOldChild Asset Pasta Brewer Author FaxCopy IslamistPerson SevenYearOldChild SalesPerson Licensed-Professional Carrier AustrianPerson DeskWorker Discoverer MiddleOfAnEvent Distinction RangeAnimal Cynic Precipitate SeniorStudent Eskimo FillingInaPosition LegalAgent Scriptwriter Contestant GroupOfContestants Sunbather Fanatic Voter Clinician Proxy PublicUtility PoliceChief Ex-Husband Affiliate Gunner RemainingPart MidAir Blocker Kingship Lobbyist Pizza CauseAndEffect CrashPad Parasite Snack HorizontalWorkSurface BlueCollarWorker SchoolDistrict ClumsyPerson Clique Queen-HeadOfGovernment Hirer Barracks Surety Licensee PateOfTheHead AdministrativeStaffPerson Puppeteer Undergraduate Maker Ornament Unit ContractCounterparty GameAnimal SolidFood FormerAssociate Cargo Scapegoat Loss BreweryOrganization QuotaLimit Explorer Telephoner Proctor BiologicalDaughter Coauthor Envoy TemperatureMeasurementResult FeeCollector Scorer Fascist Customers Allergist BalletDancer Target UniqueThingInaContext ConvictedCriminal Rebel First-Aider EldestSon IslamistScholar Wigwam Champion Essence Mastermind Cameraman Pimp ImpossibleThing RomanPerson Shareholder VietnamesePerson Elitist DraftAnimal Syndicate PausingAction Peak OilRigger ColombianPerson Welshman Wrongdoer Pyrogen Laity TreatingSomeone Butcher RomanMan Banquet WheelRim Pastor GovernmentAdministrator Subsidy MovieStar ForestRanger Debtor IsraeliPerson Fornicator Present FourYearStudent President-CorporateOfficer RailroadPerson Gook Supplier EmployerPB Virtuoso Lookout Robber Collegian Outskirts TribalChief ImmoralPerson Bleach EnlistedPerson Angler Intern GovernmentalAuthority HatCrown GolfEagle Carcinogen Cabal HumanAdult BritishPerson SocialScientist Chiropractor Strategist PhysicalReaction HardLiner Scholarship Betrothed DiscoveredThing AcademicProfessional FiveYearOldChild Prosecutor StockBroker AlgerianPerson ContractThirdParty DryFood Client SecretAgent Liberal Photocopy Irishman ChairPerson Lunch Argentinian EndOfheWorld TestResult EuropeanPerson Professional-Adult Zoologist PoliticalPartyMembers ProfessionalBroker Skier CategoryError RentalCar Chemist Traitor Violinist Mafia HousePainter TemporaryLodgings Libertine TwoYearOldChild CommonFolk Capitalist Precondition SophomoreStudent PausingHostilities Hunter DraftAnimalDriver Sponsor PortuguesePerson Customer Antigen Rescuer Geek LargestThingInaContext BetweenTwoObjects ElectoralDistrict Acquaintance Jurisdiction LaboratoryAnimal FitPerson Remains JuniorStudent Hub ClericalWorker TableTop Denouement RealEstateAgent OuterEdge Treasurer FarmBusiness NorwegianPerson TreatEvent Recipient Equalitarian LordNoble Captioner Newlywed AircraftCrewMember Neurologist Celebrity Sedative RanchHand Practitioner Recruit Result BoxingMatch GreekPerson Player NineYearOldChild Meat AdvocateForaCause Petitioner Humectant LithuanianPerson MeasurementResult Insider Tracker LowIncomeGroup MasterOfCeremonies Edition Tugboat OppositeThing EconomicAid Analgesic Executor MetalGlaze Co-Owner UnitedStatesPerson AgentRole Orthopedist VitalPrinciple Dean ReligiousFigure FederalistPerson Infant Ornithologist Striker InteriorDecorator Bowler Theme ExpeditionaryGroup Dyke CauseOfDeath ParisianPerson Leaven Squatter Missonary Saint Ballast BetaRay AntimalarialDrug GovernmentMinister Guard Railroad DessertFood Hostess GroupOfNations Trucker Chap TaxPayer DoctorOfPhilosophy Secretary JudgmentDay ReferenceStandard Prop Owner FaultFinder Gangster Autochthon Baroness SecretaryGeneral QueenTheKingsWife Drummer Feature Pianist BackupCopy CoarseMeal DrumMajor Staffer Cardiologist HawaiianPerson VolatileSubstance Mason CommunistPartyMember IllegitimateChild HighProfile Hiker DependentLifeForm Pupil DeadAnimal Enchantress Painter-Artist NumberOne Ibuprofen InputtingData TransportationConductor Censor ChemicalPrecursor King-HeadOfGovernment Physiologist Homemaker Spendthrift ChileanPerson CorrectChoice Outgrowth ApachePerson GenericHero AntiEmetic PolishStuff HinduPerson ManualLaborer XeroxCopy CoFounder CeramicGlaze Princess ModelAirplane Filipino Goodies Delegation Midfield FashionModel SupportingWheel Peasant StepParent Impact Majorette BoardOfDirectorsMember HumanPreschooler Czar MilitarySector Airwaves BoyFriend PersonByNationality TradeWorker Pharmacist Architect CaveMan Supporter Repercussion BroadcastCommentator PalestinianPerson UnitedStatesPresident Placebo Auditor GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial GameScore FoodProduct Investor Sociologist Self Composer DiseaseVector Loan Kurd Anchorperson Decision-Maker Advocate RockStar Killer FanEnthusiast Options Mover Democrat Accompanier Captive Constable Synergist Polity HumanWatchdog FederalAgent Designer Government King-HeadOfState Newcomer Antipyretic Centerpiece JamaicanPerson MexicanPerson BigSuccess ToyReplica Orphan Gift NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject Gunman Sweetheart BatonTwirler MusicalInstrumentPlayer Judge Barm ImageCopy FrenchPerson Jerk Doom LegalEntity UnskilledWorker JewelryMaker Correction Predecessor BasketballCourt TameAnimal Inoculum DishOfFood MemberOfRoyalty QuidProQuo ArtilleryMan Brunch MoneyLoss Turnover Beggar Bigot Propellant Valentine EightYearOldChild Appointee BelgianPerson Bonus MultiCourseMeal Imp Urologist Protege Error Prefecture Decongestant Philosopher Stump Housewife SketchArtist CollegeStudent Mourner GenericParticipant Veteran Conductor Sequel Duke Bully Smoker Appraiser Carpenter Medalist Jetsam Renegade AnimalBedding Believer Blockbuster Statesman Shire Commissioner Version TypicalAdultPerson Optometrist AddictiveSubstance Leftover DrawnThing NuclearPhysicist Wench ActivityEnthusiast DonationOffering Roe ChiefExecutiveOfficer Means PartOfanArtifact AbleBodiedSeaman HeterosexualHuman Botanist Liar Instructor Contributor PersonByEthnicity GeorgianPerson IndianLodge Reviewer Lodging PartOfaShip Mufti Trainer TrumpCard Manufacturer Praisee Representative Admirer Chauffeur Output AsianPerson Miser Coroner Gymnast ProfessionalSinger Marijuana KarateEvent PakistanPerson Minister Imam-Sunni VenezuelanPerson PollResult Wizard Combatant NewbornAnimal Solvate MoneyHandler Doubter AlaskanPerson Deceiver Cause Retirement VicePresidentOfOrganization BreakfastFood Parent Sailor Mince Livelihood FourYearOldChild County Miner SeatingArea Administrator ComputerUser Filler Organizer Additive Weaver Baronet ResidueObject CommitteeChairman ModelFigure BoneShaft FunctionalBusinessEntity Gardener BusinessPartner ZooAnimal Maverick ProposerOfaTheory EnglishPerson InstanceOfType Parsonage MagicalPerson Curd VirtuosoMusician HeadOfAnOrganization NegativeConsequence Substrate Draw Cheerleader Vassal Planner AlphaRay Acquisition Friend Detractor NonConformist Vaccine AppointedOfficial FinancialMeans Reactant ShiitePerson PerformanceBonus CzechPerson GeorgianPerson-US FrenchFries Imam LabRat SkateBoarder Eccentric JobHolder Issuer TukTuk Requirement Marionettist Puppet Hydrocolloid Woodman Chef MuslimPerson Prize Responder EgyptianPerson Toxicologist MiddleOfaTimeInterval Shaman Casualty PresidentOfOrganization Helmsman BlackShoePolish AntiDepressant Reformer Catalyst NewsCorrespondent DisabledPerson Wardroom Revolutionary MarxistPerson Retiree RunnerUp MaverickPerson ResponsibilitySituation Airline LandOwner Specimen Cook Luxuriating Manager Earl PresidentElect LeadToaSolution InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess Peddler

Roll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roll`
Description	A 'Roll' is a SolidFoodObject consisting of baked bread, in a size that can be easily handled by a person - usually from half a pound to several pounds, and being of rounded form; it can be near-spherical in shape, or near-cyclindrical, or any rounded shape in between those. It differs from a LoafOfBread in being somewhat firmer, on the surface and sometimes in the center, and typically used in one or two pieces, rather than being sliced.. `Corresponds to noun sense 55b of 'roll' in RHW: 55. Cookery. a small cake of bread, originally and still often rolled or doubled on itself before baking. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'roll' in WordNet: 7. bun, roll - - (small rounded bread either plain or sweet)`
Super-classes	BreadObject^c SmallObject^c HandSizedObject^c
Sub-classes	SweetRoll^c Bagel^c LongRoll^c

RollAndSpool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollAndSpool`
Description	A ''CylindricalObject'' consisting of a ''LongSheet'' coiled around a ''Spool''. The ''RollOfStuff'' can be of any type of material - paper, cloth, waxed paper, aluminum foil, etc. The type of substance on the ''RollOfStuff'' will be specified by representing specific subtypes of ''RollOfStuff'' such as ''RollOfAluminumFoil''. The LongSheet substance should be specified, but the Spool may be left generic. `To specify the ''LongSheet'' substance, a RollOfStuff consisting of such a substance should be an instance of ''RollType''.`
Super-classes	LongSheet^c CylindricalObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Spool^c hasComponentPart^op some RollType^c
Sub-classes	ToiletPaperRoll^c

RollOfAbsorbentPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollOfAbsorbentPaper`
Description	A ''RollOfAbsorbentPaper'' is a cylindrical ''RollOfStuff'' consisting of some kind of Absorbent paper such as that in a roll of paper towels or a ''RollOfToiletPaper''. This may or may not be wrapped around a ''Spool''.
Super-classes	RollOfStuff^c SheetOfPaper^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value AbsorbentPaper^c
Sub-classes	RollOfToiletPaper^c

RollOfStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollOfStuff`
Description	A ''CylindricalObject'' is an ''ArtifactObject'' consisting of an elongated ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' coiled around itself or around a ''Spool''; it may or may not have a ''Spool'' in the center that it is wound around. This type represents the sheet itself - the ''Spool'' if any would be included in a ''RollAndSpool''. This can be of any type of material - paper, cloth, waxed paper, aluminum foil, etc.
Super-classes	CylindricalObject^c LongSheet^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	RollOfAbsorbentPaper^c Cigar^c

RollOfToiletPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollOfToiletPaper`
Description	A ''RollOfAbsorbentPaper'' is a cylindrical ''RollOfStuff'' consisting of some kind of Absorbent paper such as that in a roll of paper towels or a ''RollOfToiletPaper''. This is just the roll of paper - a ''ToiletPaperRoll'' includes the ''Spool''.
Super-classes	RollOfAbsorbentPaper^c PerforatedPaperObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value ToiletPaper^c

RollOfWallPaper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollOfWallPaper

Description

A ''RollOfWallPaper'' is a ''WallPaperSheet'' (i.e. a pieceof wallpaper) that is still on the roll as it comes from the manufacturer.

         Corresponds to part ('wallpaper') of noun sense 5 of 'bolt' in WordNet:
           5. bolt - (a roll of cloth or wallpaper of a definite length)

Super-classes WallPaperSheet^c

RollType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollType`
Description	RollType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of ''RollOfStuff'' and an argument restriction for the relations on chemical elements.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	RollOfStuff RollOfAbsorbentPaper RollOfToiletPaper

Roller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roller`
Description	A ''Roller'' is a ''Cylinder'' that is conneced at its ends to some device or devices that permit the ''Roller'' to be used to spread out some Malleable solid object into a flatter form, usually into a ''SheetOfSomeStuff''. This type includes the large rollers in steel or other metal processing plants that make sheets of metal, or as small as a ''RollingPin'' used for spreading dough into flat sheets for use in making baked food objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'roller' in WordNet: 4. roller - (a cylinder that revolves)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Cylinder^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value RollingOutSomething^c

RollerBearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollerBearing`
Description	A ''RollerBearing'' is a spherical ''BearingObject''. `NOTE: WN includes 'roller bearing' in its 'ball bearing' synset. COSMO breaks that synset in two parts Corresponds to part (for cylindrical bearings) of noun sense 1 of 'ball bearing' in WordNet: 1. ball bearing, needle bearing, roller bearing - (bearings containing small metal balls)`
Super-classes	BearingObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c

RollerCoaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollerCoaster`
Description	A ''RollerCoaster''is an ''ElevatedRailway'' that is typically located in an AmusementPark, going in a looped path from a high point, curving horizontally and up and down to the lowest point where passegers get on and off. The acceleration and free-fall feelngs in the hilly line provide an unusual and thrilling (or frightening) experience for the riders. The ride itself is not powered other than for the initial lift to the highest point, from where the ride starts and continues exclusively under the forces of gravity and momentum. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'roller coaster' in WordNet: 2. roller coaster, big dipper, chute-the-chute - (elevated railway in an amusement park (usually with sharp curves and steep inclines))`
Super-classes	AmusementParkRide^c ElevatedRailway^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Elevated^c

RollerSkate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollerSkate`
Description	A ''RollerSkate'' is the common type of ''Skate' having four supporting 'rollers' arranged in two lines (at the corners of a rectangle) attached to a shoe that allow the wearer to glide along a flat surface. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roller skate' in WordNet: 1. (1) roller skate - (a shoe with pairs of rollers fixed to the sole)`
Super-classes	Skate^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value RollerSkating^c hasComponentPart^op exactly 4

RollerSkating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollerSkating`
Description	''RollerSkating'' is a ''Skating'' on ''RollerSkate''s, an Action in which the wearer, in a vertical posture, glides over some flat supporting surface by alternately putting the left and right feet forward while pushing the surface with the other foot. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roller skate' in WordNet: 1. roller skate - (travel on shoes with steel or rubber rollers attached to their soles; "In some fashionable restaurants, the waiters roller skate around")`
Super-classes	Skating^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value RollerSkate^c

RollerWheel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollerWheel

Description

A ''RollerWheel'' is a small ''SupportingWheel'' without spokes used to support PhysicalObjects and enable them to glide smoothly over a flat supporting surface, by rolling in contact with the surface as the supported object moves. As with other types of ''SupportingWheel'' a ''RollerWheel'' will usuallt be attached to an axle in its center, but some ''RollerWheel''s may be used in groups arranged in a circle like BallBearings arond a larger wheel.

   Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'roller' in WordNet:
     3. roller - (a small wheel without spokes (as on a roller skate))

Super-classes SupportingWheel^c

Rollerblade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rollerblade`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Rollerblade' in WordNet: 1. Rollerblade - ((trademark) an in-line skate)`
Super-classes	InLineSkate^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Rollerblading^c

Rollerblading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rollerblading`
Description	''Rollerblading'' is a ''Skating'' on ''InLineSkate''s, an Action similar to ''RollerSkating'' in which the wearer, in a vertical posture, glides over some flat supporting surface by alternately putting the left and right feet forward while pushing the surface with the other foot. `NOTE: ''Rollerblading'' in WN seems to include using any 'InLineSkate'' not just a ''Rollerblade''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'Rollerblade' in WordNet: 1. Rollerblade - (travel on shoes with a single line of rubber wheels attached to their soles; 'you'd better wear a helmet and knee protectors when you Rollerblade!'; 'The muscular actor loves to Rollerblade')`
Super-classes	Skating^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value InLineSkate^c

Rolling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rolling

Description

''Rolling'' is a subattribute of ''Rotating'' that characterizes things performing a ''RollingEvent'' on a surface, as with a rolling ball or a rolling log, whether they are moving due to a thrust, as a bowling ball, or under gravity,as a rock rolling downhill.

   No WN sense:
   RHW adj 'rolling' sense 2:
     2. moving by revolving or turning over and over.

Super-classes Rotating^c

RollingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollingAnObject`
Description	Each 'RollingAnObject' is an Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to undergo a 'RollingEvent', along some surface. The impulse required to cause the RollingEvent may be continuous, intermitting, or momentary. This corresponds to the transitive sense of 'roll'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 14 of 'roll' in WordNet; the 'rolling' of eyes is not an instance, since this type requires a true translation of some object along a surface, such as a ball down an inclined plane or a bowling ball thrown during a game. A vehicle moving on wheels is not itself rolling, but the wheels are, and the impulse from the motor makes a wheeled vehicle motion an instance of this type. in WordNet: 14. roll, revolve - (cause to move by turning over or in a circular manner of as if on an axis; 'She rolled the ball'; 'They rolled their eyes at his words')
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value RollingEvent^c

RollingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollingEvent`
Description	A 'RollingEvent' is both a 'Rotation' and a 'TranslationAlongASurface', in which the plane of the circle(s) formed by the Rotation of the Object is parallel to the direction of the translation. This is the intransitive sense of the action of the object that is moving. For the transitive sense of causing a rolling motion, use 'RollingAnObject' In Cyc called 'RollingOnASurface': Cyc A process of moving along a surface in which the #$objectMoving rotates while it translates. For example, what a car's tires do when the car is being driven. Points on the #$objectMoving become flush with (see #$flushSurfaces) the #$motionPathway-Complete for a brief period (depending on speed, diameter, surface rolled on, deformability of roller, and pressure) and then move perpendicularly away as the object moves along. The #$objectMoving in a #$RollingOnASurface moves along the surface without #$Sliding-Generic Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roll' in WordNet: WN verb 'roll' 1. (22) roll, turn over - (move by turning over or rotating; 'The child rolled down the hill'; 'turn over on your left side')
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationProcess^c Motion-SolidAgainstSolid^c TranslationAlongASurface^c Rotation^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c

RollingOutSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollingOutSomething`
Description	''RollingOutSomething'' is a ''FlatteningSomething'' that uses a cylindrical ''roller'' to flatten and spread some MalleableObject to make a ''SheetOfSomeStuff''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roll out' in WordNet: 1. (1) roll out, roll - (flatten or spread with a roller; 'roll out the paper')`
Super-classes	FlatteningSomething^c SpreadingASubstance^c
Restrictions	produces^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c hadObjectModified^op some MalleableObject^c

RollingPin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RollingPin`
Description	A rolling pin used for flattening dough, clay etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rolling pin' in WordNet: 1. rolling pin - (utensil consisting of a cylinder (usually of wood) with a handle at each end; used to roll out dough)`
Super-classes	KitchenUtensil^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 2 hasPhysicalPart^op value Cylinder^c

RomaineLettucePlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomaineLettucePlant

Description

A subtype of LettucePlant..

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'romaine lettuce' in WordNet:
        1. cos lettuce, romaine lettuce, Lactuca sativa longifolia -
         (lettuce with long dark-green spoon-shaped leaves)

Super-classes LettucePlant^c

Roman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roman

Description

''Roman'' pertains to the city of ''Rome_Italy'' or to the 'RomanEmpire' or to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire or to artifacts or practices or other things repreentative of Rome and its people.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'Roman' in WordNet:
         1. (2) Roman - (relating to or characteristic of people of Rome; 'Roman virtues'; 
            'his Roman bearing in adversity'; 'a Roman nose')
         2. (2) Roman, Romanic - (of or relating to or derived from Rome (especially ancient Rome);
           'Roman architecture'; 'the old Roman wall')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RomanArchitecturalStyle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanArchitecturalStyle`
Description	The #$RomanArchitecturalStyle is a building style developed in the #$RomanEmpire. It is like the #$GreekArchitecturalStyle in the wide use of Greek-style columns, but it is also characterized by the use of arches, barrel vaults and structural concrete. See also #$NeoclassicArchitecturalStyle and #$RomanesqueArchitecturalStyle.
Super-classes	ConstructionArtifact^c

RomanCatholic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanCatholic

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Roman Catholic' in Wordnet:
           1. Roman, R.C., Romanist, romish, Roman Catholic, popish, papist, papistic, papistical -
              (of or relating to or supporting Romanism; 'the Roman Catholic Church')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RomanCatholicChurch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanCatholicChurch`
Description	The''RomanCatholicChurch'' is a ''CatholicChurch'' that recognizes the Pope of Rome as having the supreme teaching authority over all ''CatholicPerson''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Roman Catholic Church' in WordNet: 1. (7) Roman Catholic, Western Church, Roman Catholic Church, Church of Rome, Roman Church - (the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy)`
Super-classes	CatholicChurch^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value RomanCatholic^c

RomanMan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanMan`
Description	A ''RomanMan'' is a male ''RomanPerson'', who was an inhabitant of the Ancient ''RomanEmpire''. They are typically visualized as wearing ''Toga''s.
Super-classes	RomanPerson^c Man^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanEmpire^c

RomanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanPerson`
Description	A ''RomanPerson'' is an inhabitant of the Ancient RomanEmpire. CY 'AncientRomanPerson': This is the collection of people who are #$citizens of the #$RomanEmpire, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Roman' in WordNet: 2. Roman - (an inhabitant of the ancient Roman Empire)`
Super-classes	HistoricTemporalThing^c PersonByNationality^c DeadPerson^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanEmpire^c
Sub-classes	RomanMan^c

Romance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Romance`
Description	''Romance'' is a subtype of ''CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent'' that is a series of Actions and Feelings extending over more than two days, involving two humans (usually but not necessarily of opposite sex), and including feelings of ''Love'' on the part of both participants.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Romance' in WordNet: 1. (4) love affair, romance - (a relationship between two lovers)`
Super-classes	CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c GoodThing^c TwoAgentAction^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Love^c

RomanceMovie^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanceMovie

Description

CYC: #$RomanceMovie is the collection of instances of #$Movie-CW each of which relates a romantic story [#$RomanceStory-Generic].

        No WN entry for 'romance movie'

Super-classes LoveStory^c
Movie^c

RomanceStory-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanceStory-Generic`
Description	This ''RomanceStory-Generic'' ncludes both ''Fictional'' Romance stories, and biographical or quasi-biographical love stories relating stories about real people. The fictional stories are under subtype ''LoveStory''. `CYC: A collection of pieces of information; a subset of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each element of #$RomanceStory-Generic is a #$Narrative containing the propositional content of an idealized and adventurous story that (usually) takes place in a remote time and place and often contains heroic events. The story may be told in any format, as a play, book, movie, etc.`
Super-classes	Genre^c
Sub-classes	LoveStory^c

Romanian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Romanian

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Romanian' in Wordnet:
           1. Romanian, Rumanian, Roumanian - (of or relating to or 
              characteristic of the country of Romania or its people or languages; 'Romanian folk music')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RomanianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RomanianPerson`
Description	`1. Romanian - (a native or inhabitant of Romania)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Romania^c

Romantic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Romantic`
Description	'Romantic' is an AttributeValue of things (Actions, attributes,objects) that are characteristic of or conducive to ''Romance''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'romantic' in WordNet: 2. (2) amatory, amorous, romantic - (expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance; 'her amatory affairs'; 'amorous glances'; 'a romantic adventure'; 'a romantic moonlight ride')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	pertainsTo^op some (Romance^c or LoveStory^c)

Romping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Romping`
Description	Playing that involves some kind of physical bodily movement, including the things that young children do together for amusement.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'romp' in WordNet: 1. (2) frolic, lark, rollick, skylark, disport, sport, cavort, gambol, frisk, romp, run around, lark about - (play boisterously; 'The children frolicked in the garden'; 'the gamboling lambs in the meadows'; 'The toddlers romped in the playroom') WN noun 'romp': 3. play, frolic, romp, gambol, caper - (gay or light-hearted recreational activity for diversion or amusement; 'it was all done in play'; 'their frolic in the surf threatened to become ugly') WN noun 'lark': 4. escapade, lark - (any carefree episode)
Super-classes	PlayfulFrolic^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Amusement-Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Horseplay^c

Roof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roof`
Description	The top part of a structure, above all other parts, that shelters the interior from rain and other natural phenomena. NOTE that the 'roof' of ''LandTransportationVehicle''s such as the roof of a car or van or train car is also included in this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roof' in WordNet: 1. (34) roof - (a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c ProtectiveSystem^c PartOfAnHSC^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op some (HumanShelterConstruction^c or LandTransportationVehicle^c or ConstructionArtifact^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	GlassRoof^c VaultedRoof^c Housetop^c LandVehicleRoof^c Dome^c

RoofFlashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoofFlashing`
Description	This type is for a piece of SheetOfMetal fixed in place on a Roof, so it is part of the Roof. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flashing' in WordNet: 2. flashing - (sheet metal shaped and attached to a roof for strength and weatherproofing)`
Super-classes	SheetOfMetal^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Roof^c

RoofTop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoofTop`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rooftop' in WordNet: 1. (2) rooftop - (the top of a (usually flat) roof)`
Super-classes	TopSide^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Building^c isTheTopPartOf^op some Building^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c

Roofed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roofed

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'roofed' in Wordnet:
          1. roofed - (covered with a roof; having a roof as specified (often used in combination);
            'roofed picnic areas'; 'a slate-roofed house'; 'palmleaf-roofed huts')

Super-classes Covered^c

Roofer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roofer

Description

CYC: A person who repairs or builds roofs.

        NOTE: WN has this as a subtype of ''Artisan'.  Perhaps
           ''Artisan'' should be more restricted??

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roofer' in WordNet:
         1. (1) roofer - (a craftsman who lays or repairs roofs)

Super-classes TradeWorker^c
Artisan^c

RoofingaStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoofingaStructure`
Description	Building or repairing roofs (cf. #$RoofOfAConstruction). This includes adding a new roof, or replacing any part of a Roof. `NOTE this includes both 'adding' and 'replacing' roofs. If needed, a 'reroofing' subtype could be defined. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roof' in WordNet: 1. (1) roof - (provide a building with a roof; cover a building with a roof)`
Super-classes	OutdoorActivity^c Constructing^c
Sub-classes	Shingling^c

Rook-ChessPiece^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rook-ChessPiece

Description

Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess rook (castle).

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rook' in WordNet:
           1. castle, rook - ((chess) the piece that can move any number of 
              unoccupied squares in a direction parallel to the sides of the chessboard)

Super-classes ChessPiece^c

Rookie^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rookie

Description

A ''Rookie'' is a ''Newbie'' who is in herorhis first year in some activity, often a sport. This is not for people completely inexperienced, as a 'novice' would be, rather it is for someone who is just starting a position with some team or at some institution. And not 'awkward'. A 'cub' reporter would be an example.

       Closer to RHW sense 1 of 'rookie', not just for sports:
        1. an athlete playing his or her first season as a member 
             of a professional sports team:
           The rookie replaced the injured regular at first base.

        This only approximately orresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rookie' in WordNet:
           1. (8) cub, greenhorn, rookie - (an awkward and inexperienced youth)

Super-classes Newbie^c

Room^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Room`
Description	Cyc: #$RoomInAConstruction is a specialization of #$SpaceInAFixedHOC and #$CavityWithWalls. Each instance of #$RoomInAConstruction is a room found in a #$ConstructionArtifact. `SUMO: (Room) A properPart of a Building which is separated from the exterior of the Building and/or other Rooms of the Building by walls. Some Rooms may have a specific purpose, e.g. sleeping, bathing, cooking, entertainment, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'room' in WordNet: 1. (527) room - (an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling; 'the rooms were very small but they had a nice view')`
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c Chamber^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c SpaceInAFixedHOC^c
Sub-classes	LivingRoom^c Garage-Household^c OfficeRoom^c ShowRoom^c MeetingRoom^c StorageRoom^c Classroom^c HospitalWardRoom^c DiningRoom^c EntranceHall^c DressingRoom^c Hall^c LaundryRoom^c LibraryRoom^c HomeWorkshop^c Gymnasium^c SunParlor^c ShipCabin^c Restroom^c Loft^c ExaminingRoom^c Courtroom^c TreasureRoom^c ArtGallery^c SteamBath^c Kitchen^c Ballroom^c PrisonCell^c Darkroom^c Bedroom^c RentedRoom^c

RoomPartition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoomPartition`
Description	A ''RoomPartition'' is a Wall-like structure that divides one part of what could be a larger room from another part: to be a ''RoomPartition'' it must be removable, i.e. cannnot be a load-bearing wall. Thus it may appear to be part of the structure like a typical ''Wall'', or may be obviously a easily movable or foldable large wall-like temporary object, such as the partitions for rooms in large meeting rooms in hotels or conference venues. `This is an interior vertical wall-like part of a structure, including both the inside-facing and the outside-facing parts of the vertical structure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'partition' in Wordnet: 1. (2) partition, divider - (a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another))`
Super-classes	PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c PartitionStructure^c PartOfAnHSC^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Room^c

RoomRadiator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoomRadiator`
Description	Uses pipes circulating steam or hot water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiator' in WordNet: 2. radiator - (heater consisting of a series of pipes for circulating steam or hot water to heat rooms or buildings)
Super-classes	PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c Radiator^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Pipe^c usesSubstance^op some WaterSubstanceType^c

Roommate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roommate`
Description	'A ''Roommate''' is a Person who lives together with someone (usually specified by context) in the same ''Room'' or other small living quarters. One who has a separate bedroom in the same apartment is not a ''Roommate''. One who shares a bedroom in some living quarters is a Roommate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roommate' in WordNet: 1. roommate, roomie, roomy - (an associate who shares a room with you)`
Super-classes	Friend^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loving^c performsAction^op value SharingaBedroom^c

Roomy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roomy

Description

''Roomy'' characterizes the space in some Room or buildng that is larger than the average, and has more than enough floor area for most activities performed in such spaces.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'roomy' in Wordnet:
         1. roomy, spacious - ((of buildings and rooms) having ample space;
           'a roomy but sparsely furnished apartment'; 'a spacious ballroom')

Super-classes Large^c

Rooster^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rooster

Description

The adult female of the domestic Chicken.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rooster' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) cock, rooster - (adult male chicken)

Super-classes Chicken^c
Cock^c

Roosting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roosting`
Description	This 'roost' is just the act of a ''Bird'' that settles down somewhere (usually on a branch) after flying. The settling may be quite temporary, and not necessarily in a nest, and could be on the ground. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roost' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'perch' in WordNet: 1. (1) perch, roost, rest - (sit, as on a branch; 'The birds perched high in the tree') WN verb 'perch': 2. alight, light, perch - (to come to rest, settle; 'Misfortune lighted upon him')`
Super-classes	SettlingInaPosition^c Perching^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Bird^c finishes^op value BirdFlight^c

Root^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Root`
Description	The subterranean parts of plants. Roots provide support and obtain water and mineral nutrients from the surrounding soil. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'root' in WordNet: 1. (11) root - ((botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isTheBottomPartOf^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	Carrot^c Radish^c Turnip^c Beet^c

RootVegetable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RootVegetable`
Description	A ''Food'' prepared from the root or tuber of some plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'root vegetable' in WordNet: 1. root vegetable - (any of various fleshy edible underground roots or tubers)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c CommodityProduct^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Root^c
Sub-classes	RadishStuff^c

Rootless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rootless

Description

''Rootless'' is the attribute of a Person with no permanent residence, and who wanders outside of one locality.

     Corresponds to the literal part of adjective sense 1 of 'rootless' in Wordnet:
         1. rootless, vagabond - (wandering aimlessly without ties to a place or community;
             'led a vagabond life'; 'a rootless wanderer')

Super-classes Homeless^c

RopeOrCable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RopeOrCable`
Description	A ''RopeOrCable'' is a ''CordlikeObject'' that is thicker than a string and has sufficient strength (is ''Tough'') that is can be used in applications that put heavy force on the ''RopeOrCable''. It may be natural (the vines in jungles?) but is usually synthetic, made of multiple strands of fibrous material of of metal. The subtype made of fibrous material and not of metal is a ''PieceofRope''.
Super-classes	BraidedObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c CordlikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tough^c
Sub-classes	Halyard^c PieceOfRope^c Cable^c

RosaryBeads^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RosaryBeads`
Description	A'RosaryBeads'' is a ''StringOfObjects'' in which the objects are 'Beads'' arranged in a circle, with a short attached string terminated by a ''Crucifix''; designed to allow a Person (usually a ''CatholicPerson'') to count a certain number of prayers in sequence, usually five sets each of ten 'HailMary's plus an 'ourFather'. `NOTE:Muslims have a different type of 'prayer beads' - not found in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rosary' in WordNet: 1. (1) rosary, prayer beads - (a string of beads used in counting prayers (especially by Catholics))`
Super-classes	StringOfBeads^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value SayingTheRosary^c

Rose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rose`
Description	The blossom of a RoseBush, with or without part of the stem, as in a cut flower. `there is no WordNet sense for this flower as distinct from the bush.`
Super-classes	Flower^c
Restrictions	isTheFlowerOfa^op value RoseBush^c

RoseBush^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoseBush

Description

A bush on which Roses bloom.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rose' in WordNet:
          1. (5) rose, rosebush - (any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses)

Super-classes Bush^c
FloweringPlant^c

RoseColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoseColor

Description

Any of a variety of hues having some red, plus some gray. Lighter shades are close to Pink.

      Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rose' and adjective
        sense 1 of 'rose' in WordNet:
       WN 'rose' noun
        3. rose, rosiness - (a dusty pink color)
       WN 'rose' adjective:
        1. (1) rose, roseate, rosaceous -
          (of something having a dusty purplish pink color; 'the roseate glow of dawn')

Super-classes Pink^c

Rosemary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rosemary`
Description	`rosemaryCorresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rosemary' in WordNet: 2. rosemary - (extremely pungent leaves used fresh or dried as seasoning for especially meats)`
Super-classes	HerbSeasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value RosemaryPlant^c

RosemaryPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RosemaryPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rosemary' in WordNet: 1. rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis - (widely cultivated for its fragrant grey-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c

RoshHashana^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoshHashana

Description

        NOTE: may be one day or two:
        RHW 'Rosh Hashana':
         a Jewish high holy day that marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year,
         celebrated on the first and second days of Tishri by Orthodox and Conservative Jews 
         and only on the first day by Reform Jews.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Rosh Hashana' in WordNet:
          1. Rosh Hashanah, Rosh Hashana, Rosh Hashonah, Rosh Hashona, Jewish New Year - 
             ((Judaism) a solemn Jewish feast day celebrated on the 1st or 1st and 2nd of Tishri;
             noted for the blowing of the shofar)

Super-classes JewishHoliday^c

Rosy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rosy

Description

          'He saw a rosy future ahead'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rosy' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) rose-colored, rosy - (reflecting optimism; 'a rosy future'; 
             'looked at the world through rose-colored glasses')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Rosy-Cheeked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rosy-Cheeked`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rosy-cheeked' in Wordnet: 1. flushed, rose-cheeked, rosy, rosy-cheeked - (having the pinkish flush of health)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RotaryWingAircraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RotaryWingAircraft`
Description	A specialization of #$AirTransportationVehicle. Each instance of #$RotaryWingAircraft is a heavier-than-air vehicle which is supported in the air by blades rotating about an axis. A notable specialization of #$RotaryWingAircraft is #$Helicopter.
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c Aircraft^c
Sub-classes	Helicopter^c

RotatableComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RotatableComponent`
Description	A ''MechanicalComponent'' that is designed to function by rotating in a ''MultirevolutionRotation'' (often but not necessarily ''Spinning''). `Wheels, shafts, many various devices that work at least in part by rotating around an axis.`
Super-classes	MechanicalComponent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Rotating^c wasTheMainParticipantIn^op value MultirevolutionRotation^c hasDesignFunction^op value MultirevolutionRotation^c hasCapability^op value MultirevolutionRotation^c
Sub-classes	PowerShaft^c Cam^c Wheel^c Shaft^c

Rotating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rotating`
Description	A 'MotionAttribute' that specifies that the object is undergoing a process that results in a Rotation event, i.e. it is undergoing a Rotation process. For the Event of an Object undergoing a Rotation, use 'Rotation'. @ToDo: this type includes the transitive sense of 'causing to rotate'; this can be separated. Corresponds to the gerundive form attribute derived from verb sense 1 of 'rotate',and sense 1 of 'rotation' and verb sense 8 of 'turn' in WordNet: 1. (8) revolve, go around, rotate - (turn on or around an axis or a center; 'The Earth revolves around the Sun'; 'The lamb roast rotates on a spit over the fire') WN noun 'rotation': 1. (3) rotation, rotary motion - (the act of rotating as if on an axis; 'the rotation of the dancer kept time with the music') WN verb 'turn': 8. (27) turn - (move around an axis or a center; 'The wheels are turning') WN noun 'turn': 7. (1) twist, turn - (turning or twisting around (in place); 'with a quick twist of his head he surveyed the room') WN noun 'twist': 4. (1) spin, twirl, twist, twisting, whirl - (the act of rotating rapidly; 'he gave the crank a spin'; 'it broke off after much twisting') 'with a quick twist of his head he surveyed the room')
Super-classes	InMotion^c
Sub-classes	Rolling^c

RotatingMechanism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RotatingMechanism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rotating mechanism' in WordNet: 1. rotating mechanism - (a mechanism that rotates)`
Super-classes	Mechanism^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value MultirevolutionRotation^c
Sub-classes	FerrisWheel^c Rotor^c Gyroscope^c

RotatingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RotatingObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is rotating continuously or in an oscillating manner..
Super-classes	MovingObject^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value CenterOfRotation^c movesAround^op value CenterOfRotation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rotating^c characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent^op value Rotation^c

RotatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RotatingSomething`
Description	''RotatingSomething'' is An Action in which an agent causes some Object to 'rotate' (changing its orientation). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rotate' in WordNet: 3. (1) rotate, circumvolve - (cause to turn on an axis or center; 'Rotate the handle')`
Super-classes	ChangingDirection^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	TwirlingaBaton^c Twirling^c

RotatingaShaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RotatingaShaft`
Description	Each '''RotatingaShaft'' is a ''CausingAnotherObjectsRotation'' in which the Object rotated is a ''Shaft'' of some kind, such as the ''Crankshaft'' of an InternalCombustionEngine.
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsRotation^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Shaft^c typicallyUsesDevice^op value Crank^c

Rotation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rotation`
Description	This is broader than the CYC concept, in that it includes any movement around a center of rotation whether that center is the center of mass or not - so that a pendulum swinging back and forth is a subtype, and thus this type is not necessarily a ''MotionInPlace''. A a clock wheel is rotating back and forth is also a subtype. CYC: A Rotation is a movement event in which a PhysicalObject moves in such a way that, in the frame of reference in which the center of mass of the object is stationary, the track of points on the surface of the object form circles whose center is on a line (the axis of rotation) that passes through the object. For long thin objects such as a ''Shaft'' the ''Rotation'' along the long axis may not cause any perceptible motion of the cylindrical surface of the shaft, though it will in fact be rotating. An instance of 'Rotation' does not necessarily include a full rotation, but can be rotation through less than 360 degrees of angle. (See 'Swinging') For repeated full rotation use the subtype 'Spinning'. An object can be moving in a translational manner as well as rotating, but whether it is rotating is evaluated relative to the center of gravity of the object, ignoring its translational motion. @db1283 ToDO: how to reference ''CenterOfRotation'' directly? a 'movesAround' for events as well as Objects? RotatingOnAnAxis? In CYC called 'Movement-Rotation' CYC: A specialization of #$MovementEvent. In each instance of #$Movement-Rotation the most salient moving object (see #$primaryObjectMoving) rotates (see #$objectRotating). That is, the object rotates about an axis (see #$axisOfRotation) that spatially intersects it (or goes through a hole in it). Examples include the daily rotation of the Earth on its axis and the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened end. A non-example is the orbiting of the Earth around the sun, as the axis of the orbit does not spatially intersect the Earth. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rotate' and noun sense 1 of 'rotation' and verb sense 8 of 'turn' and noun sense 7 of 'turn' and noun sense 4 of 'twist' and noun sense 2 of 'spin' and verb sense 1 of 'spin' in WordNet. The noun sense 3 of 'motion' in WN also seems to include this sense, though the WN sense is broader, including any movement of a part that is not shared by the whole: in WordNet: WN verb 'rotate' 1. (8) revolve, go around, rotate - (turn on or around an axis or a center; 'The Earth revolves around the Sun'; 'The lamb roast rotates on a spit over the fire') WN noun 'rotation': 1. (3) rotation, rotary motion - - (the act of rotating as if on an axis; 'the rotation of the dancer kept time with the music') WN verb 'turn': 8. (27) turn - (move around an axis or a center; 'The wheels are turning') WN noun 'turn': 7. (1) twist, turn - (turning or twisting around (in place); 'with a quick twist of his head he surveyed the room') WN noun 'twist': 4. (1) spin, twirl, twist, twisting, whirl - (the act of rotating rapidly; 'he gave the crank a spin'; 'it broke off after much twisting') WN verb 'spin': 1. (12) spin, spin around, whirl, reel, gyrate - (revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis; 'The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy') WN noun 'move': 3. (6) motion, movement, move, motility - (a change of position that does not entail a change of location; 'the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise'; 'movement is a sign of life'; 'an impatient move of his hand'; 'gastrointestinal motility') WN noun 'rotation' (part, for rotating in place): 3. rotation, revolution, gyration - (a single complete turn (axial or orbital); 'the plane made three rotations before it crashed'; 'the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year')
Super-classes	Motion^c ChangingDirection^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some RotatingObject^c
Sub-classes	Swiveling^c Rotation-Periodic^c PartialRotation^c FullRotation^c MultirevolutionRotation^c EyeMovement^c FlippingaCoin^c CausingAnotherObjectsRotation^c RollingEvent^c

Rotation-Periodic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rotation-Periodic`
Description	A specialization of both #$Movement-Rotation and #$Movement-Periodic. Each instance of #$Rotation-Periodic is a series of partial or full rotations occurring periodically. Examples of #$Rotation-Periodic include the swinging of a clock pendulum and the rotation of the Earth on its axis.
Super-classes	Rotation^c Movement-Periodic^c
Sub-classes	ReversingRotation^c

RotationallySymmetric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RotationallySymmetric`
Description	''RotationallySymmetric'' is the attribute of an 'Object' (abstract or physical) for which there is straight line (the ''AxisOfRotation'') through the center of the Object around which the object can be rotated by some angle less than 180 degrees once or more times without changing the appearance of the Object. NOTE: when applied to ''PhysicalObject''s the appearance may not be precisely identical, as when it is used to refer to 'Starfish'' or ''Tire''s From Wikipedia 'rotational symmetry': Rotational symmetry of order n, also called n-fold rotational symmetry, or discrete rotational symmetry of the nth order, with respect to a particular point (in 2D) or axis (in 3D) means that rotation by an angle of 360 deg/n (180 deg, 120 deg, 90 deg, 72 deg, 60 deg, 51 ?3/7 deg, etc.) does not change the object For objects that can be reflected about a plane of symmetry while preserving shape, the attribute ''BilaterallySymmetric'' would apply. For something that has an ''AxisOfRotation''
Super-classes	Symmetric^c
Sub-classes	Circular^c

RoteLearning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoteLearning

Description

''RoteLearning'' is a subtype of 'Memorizing' in which an intelligent agent learns some facts by memorizing, without trying to learn more than just what is memorized i.e.with no curiosity or creativity.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rote learning' in WordNet:
          1. rote, rote learning - (memorization by repetition)

Super-classes Memorizing^c

Rotor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rotor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rotor' in WordNet: 3. rotor - (rotating mechanism consisting of an assembly of rotating airfoils; 'there are horizontal rotors on a helicopter or compressor rotors in a jet engine')`
Super-classes	RotatingMechanism^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value GenericVane^c

RotorCoil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RotorCoil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rotor coil' in WordNet: 1. rotor, rotor coil - (the rotating armature of a motor or generator)`
Super-classes	ElectricalReactor^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ElectricalGenerator^c

Rototiller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rototiller`
Description	A ''Rototiller'' is a ''SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice'' with a motor that is used to break the top layer of Soil into a granular consistency, usually for planting but it could be for other purposes. It has a long handle requiring (for most people) two hands to properly manage. `RHW: a motorized device having spinning blades perpendicular to the ground and arranged like spokes, used for tilling soil`
Super-classes	FuelPoweredDevice^c SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Rototilling^c

Rototilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rototilling`
Description	''Rototilling'' is a ''TillingSoil'' using a 'rototiller'. Not represented in WN. RHW: 1. to break up (soil) with a rototiller.
Super-classes	TillingSoil^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Rototiller^c

Rotten^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rotten

Description

''Rotten'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has experienced a ''Decomposing'' Event. It may or may not be malodorous (''Stinky'').

         See ''RottenEgg'' for an example of use.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rotten' in Wordnet:
            2. rotten - (having or disintegrated; usually implies foulness; 'dead and rotten in his grave')

Super-classes Decayed^c

RottenEgg^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RottenEgg`
Description	A ''RottenEgg'' is a HensEgg that has become rotten and putrid, and gives off the odor of ''HydrogenSulfide''.
Super-classes	HensEgg^c
Restrictions	hasTheOdorOf^op value HydrogenSulfide^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rotten^c

Rouge^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rouge

Description

CYC: A cosmetic for coloring the cheeks red. This is the substance ''Rouge'', not an object containing ''Rouge''

       In RHW a 'blusher' is " similar to Rouge "; what's the difference?
       RHW 'blush':    9. blusher (def. 2).
       RHW 'blusher':  2.   Also called blush, blush-on. a cosmetic 
                      similar to rouge, used to add color to the cheeks.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rouge' in WordNet:
          1. rouge, paint, blusher - 
             (makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks)

Super-classes Makeup^c

Rough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rough`
Description	'Rough' is an AttributeValue of a surface that is not smooth, i.e. has multiple perceptible irregularities. `This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rough' in WordNet: 1. (13) rough, unsmooth - (having or caused by an irregular surface; 'trees with rough bark'; 'rough ground'; 'rough skin'; 'rough blankets'; 'his unsmooth face')`
Super-classes	Uneven^c
Sub-classes	Fuzzy^c Bumpy^c Textured^c Abrasive^c

RoughSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoughSurface`
Description	A ''RoughSurface'' is a hard ''SurfaceOnTangibleObject'' that has a ''Rough''texture
Super-classes	SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c Layer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rough^c

Round^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Round`
Description	The property of a round object, of two or more dimensions. A Round object should have a surface that is closed and concave, and should have no distinctive angles; if it has any angles at all, they should not form a significant factor in categorizing the shape (they may be in parts of the overall shape that are small relative to the whole) As of v0.49 this is only vaguely specified, mostly by the substypes 'circular', 'elliptical'. An Object can be Round in one plane, and elongaged in a different dimension, such as a Cylinder, but in that case it is the cross-section that is Round, not the whole object. `Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'round' in WordNet, but a Round thing can vary significantly from circularity. 1. (13) round, circular - (having a circular shape)`
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Elliptical^c LoopShaped^c Circular^c PearShaped^c Bulbous^c Spiral^c Spheroidal^c Conical^c Convex^c U-Shaped^c Spherical^c Wavy^c Ellipsoidal^c

RoundObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoundObject`
Description	A specialization of both #$GeometricallyDescribableThing and #$ShapedThing. Each instance of #$RoundObject is a two- or three-dimensional object with a round shape. Specializations of #$RoundObject include #$Circle, #$Ellipse, #$Sphere and #$RingShapedObject. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the equator, as well as abstract shapes. COSMO NOTE: This is an approximate concept. We included mostly rounded objects with some edges, such as lenses and other disks-shaped objects in this category. For 'diameter' relations, the largest diameter would be what is specified. A RoundObject will in general have no acute angles that are prominent or necessary: a lens that has sharp edges is still a RoundObject because the sharp edges occupy a very small part of the lens, and are not essential to its properties. NOTE that being Convex does not imply that one is also Round - Convex objects can have sharp edges.
Super-classes	GeometricallyDescribableThing^c TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c ShapedThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Round^c
Sub-classes	Hemisphere^c TubeGeometrical^c Tube^c SpiralObject^c Semicircle^c Lens^c Loop^c Cone^c TubularObject^c Cylinder^c Disk^c Arc^c HailStone^c Ellipse^c CylinderGeometrical^c DiskGeometrical^c Torus^c BallLikeObject^c

RoundOfaCompetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoundOfaCompetition`
Description	A ''RoundOfaCompetition'' is one stage of an ''EliminationCompetition'' in which one or more ''Competition''s are conducted, with the winners of each competition 'advancing' to the next stage to compete in the next ''RoundOfaCompetition'' until the final round is reached and a final winner is decided. `There is no sense of 'round' in WN corresponding to this concept. RHW noun 'round': 25. a completed course or spell of activity, commonly one of a series, in some play or sport: the second round of a tournament.`
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c Competition^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Competition^c

RoundShape^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoundShape

Description

A ''RoundShape'' is a three-dimensional shape for which at least one cross-section has a two-dimensional shape that is roundish, escpecially oval or circular.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'round shape' in WordNet:
      round shape - (a shape that is curved and without sharp angles)

Super-classes Shape^c

RoundTheClock^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoundTheClock

Description

''RoundTheClock'' is an attribute of Events (usually HumanActivity) that occurs both day and night without intermissions.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'round-the-clock' in Wordnet:
          1. around-the-clock, day-and-night, nonstop, round-the-clock -
             (at all times; 'around-the-clock nursing care')

Super-classes Continued^c

RoundTheClockly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoundTheClockly

Description

''RoundTheClockly'' is the adverbial form of ''RoundTheClock''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'round-the-clock' in Wordnet:
         1. around the clock, for 24 hours, round the clock - (without stopping;
             'she worked around the clock')

Super-classes Continually^c

RoundTrip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoundTrip`
Description	A ''RoundTrip'' is an intentional ''Travel-TripEvent'' in which the ''#traveller'' goes somewhere other than the ''StartingPlace'' and ends the trip at the same location it started. This can be less than one day or an extended journey. NOTE that 'hasIntermediatePlace' specifies the place to and from which the RoundTrip is taken. How to spewcify this is not yet (rev1431) clear. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'round trip' in WordNet: 1. round trip - (a trip to some place and back again)`
Super-classes	PassingThroughSomething^c Cycle^c Travel-TripEvent^c HumanActivity^c GoingSomewhere^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadOriginalAndRecoveredState^op some StartingPlace^c hasIntermediatePlace^op some RoundTripDestination^c hasEndingPlace^op some StartingPlace^c hasSubEvent^op some PhysicalReturn^c
Sub-classes	FetchingSomething^c Moonwalk^c CommutingToWork^c

RoundTripDestination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoundTripDestination`
Super-classes	Destination^c
Restrictions	isPassedThroughDuring^op some RoundTrip^c
Sub-classes	DesiredObjectDestination^c

Roundabout^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roundabout

Description

'Roundabout' is an attribute of a path or method or procedure that is not direct and requires multiple steps (such as road segments) where one or a smaller number of steps is usually required.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'roundabout' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) devious, circuitous, roundabout - (deviating from a straight course; 
           'a scenic but devious route'; 'a long and circuitous journey by train and boat'; 
           'a roundabout route avoided rush-hour traffic')

Super-classes Indirect^c

Rounded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rounded

Description

''Rounded'' is a property of a two- or three-dimensional object that appears, from the angle of view of the observer, to have a smooth curved outline with no sharp angles, or projections or indentations that disrupt the overall round appearance.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rounded' in WordNet:
          1. (3) rounded - (curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged;
              'low rounded hills'; 'rounded shoulders')

Super-classes Curved^c

Roundtable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Roundtable`
Description	A ''Roundtable'' is a ''Conferring'' in which participants are members of a ''PeerGroup''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roundtable' in WordNet: 1. round table, roundtable, round-table conference - (a meeting of peers for discussion and exchange of views; 'a roundtable on the future of computing')`
Super-classes	Conferring^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value PeerGroup^c

Route^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Route`
Description	A Route is a 'Path-Spatial' (not necessarily solid, as it can be over water through the air) or combination of connected paths that a Person or vehicle has traveled, is traveling, or plans to travel. `For a ''Route'' that is a line over the ground that has been or can be traversed, use ''RouteOverGround''. This is somewhat broader than the WordNet sense 1, because it does not require that a Route be 'established' in the sense of being often traversed, or officially designated. It can be a planned route through a wilderness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'route' in WordNet: 1. (11) path, route, itinerary - (an established line of travel or access)`
Super-classes	Path-Spatial^c
Sub-classes	RouteOverGround^c WatchmansBeat^c TravelCircuit^c Traversal^c

RouteOverGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RouteOverGround`
Description	A ''RouteOverGround'' is a Route located on the surface of the Earth, that is or has been or can be traversed by animals or vehicles. This is mostly used to describe the sequence of locations where a traveling person has been in moving from one place to another.
Super-classes	Route^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Ground^c
Sub-classes	ParadeRoute^c PathForWheeledVehicles^c

Router^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Router`
Description	A ''Router'' is a ''PowerTool'' and a ''HandTool'' used to modify Objects by cutting wooden objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'router' in WordNet: 3. router - (a power tool with a shaped cutter; used in carpentry for cutting grooves)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c MachineTool^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Motor^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CuttingaGrooveInWood^c

Routine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Routine`
Description	An attribute of Events (including Actions) that have no special salient qualities and are too common to be considered notable; synonyms everyday, common, ordinary; includes actions of agents that the agent performs frequently: 'customary'. Differs from the parent 'Common' in applying to Events and especially Actions that are experienced by people. Includes adjective sense 2 of 'routine' and sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'usual' and sense 2 of 'customary' and senses 1 and 3 of 'everyday' in WordNet. The 'usual time' sense is included, though it mght be differentiated when needed - that sense is also included in the parent 'Common' in COSMO until more subsenses of 'common' are defined. in WordNet: WN 'routine': 2. (2) everyday, mundane, quotidian, routine, unremarkable, workaday - (found in the ordinary course of events; 'a placid everyday scene'; 'it was a routine day'; 'there's nothing quite like a real...train conductor to add color to a quotidian commute'- Anita Diamant) WN: 'usual': 1. (29) usual - (occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; 'grew the usual vegetables'; 'the usual summer heat'; 'came at the usual time'; 'the child's usual bedtime') WN adj 'everyday': 3. everyday - (commonplace and ordinary; 'the familiar everyday world')
Super-classes	Usual^c
Sub-classes	Everyday^c Habitual^c Uneventful^c

RoutineAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoutineAction`
Description	An Action performed by many or most members of a group of people at relatively frequent periodic intervals, therefore of less significance than unusual events. Not a salient event for an individual, though the action, if it is a Custom, may be a distinctive characteristic of the group..Bedtime prayers is both a Custom in certain GroupsOfPeople, and a RoutineAction for some individuals. Daily eating and washing routines are comon examples of RoutineAction. `This includes daily routines as well as routine activities that occur at less frequent intervals, up to and including yearly rituals.`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Behavior^c RoutineThing^c
Sub-classes	Weeding^c DailyRoutine^c PumpingGasoline^c PersonalGrooming^c CommutingToWork^c RegularMedicalExam^c

RoutineActivityCharacteristic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoutineActivityCharacteristic

Description

An attribute of a 'Population' that consists of the performance of certain characteristic routine behaviors. The RoutineBehavior itself should be represented as an instance of 'RoutineAction'. Intances of 'RoutineActivityCharacteistic' should specify the type of routine activity and the typical frequency.

  ###ToDo: relations have not yet been defined to relate this 
  Type to 'RoutineAction'.

Super-classes ActivityCharacteristic^c

RoutineThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoutineThing`
Description	An Event or object which is common enough that it does not attract special attention when it is noticed.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Routine^c
Sub-classes	RoutineAction^c

Routinely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Routinely

Description

''Routinely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifes assertions about Actions expresses the notion that the Action characterized occurs in a ''Routine'' manner, i.e. it happens frequently or at regular intervals.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'routinely' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) routinely, habitually - (according to routine or established practice;
          'he routinely parked in a no-parking zone')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

RoutingData^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoutingData`
Description	Using a ''NetworkRouter'' to trasfer data from one computer to another over a network, or between networks.
Super-classes	NetworkCommunication^c
Restrictions	hadInformationTransferred^op value DataPacket^c usedDevice^op value NetworkRouter^c

RoutingaGoupOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoutingaGoupOfPeople`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rout' in WordNet: 1. (1) rout, rout out, expel - (cause to flee; 'rout out the fighters from their caves') WN noun 'rout': 2. rout - (an overwhelming defeat)`
Super-classes	DefeatingAnOpponent^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value GroupOfPeople^c causes^op value Fleeing^c

RowHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RowHouse`
Description	A single unit in a row of houses,usually loced ina city ('town') A different sense of 'town house' (not in WN) is just a house in a City owned by someone with a main residence elsewhere, which may or may not be a ''RowHouse'. `NOTE: logically this specifies that a ''RowHouse'' 'isAdjacentTo'' (is close to on the same horizontal plane) and 'touchesDirectly' (has no space in between) at least one other ''RowHouse''. (CYC may have more detailed spatial relations, but most of those are not included yet in COSMO) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'town house' in WordNet: 1. (1) row house, town house - (a house that is one of a row of identical houses situated side by side and sharing common walls)`
Super-classes	SingleResidenceUnit^c House^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value RowHouse^c touchesDirectly^op value RowHouse^c

RowOfButtons^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RowOfButtons`
Description	A ''RowOfButtons'' is a ''RowOfObjects'' (which is a ''LinearlyOrderedGroup''') each element of which is a ''Button'' (for clothing) ,of which there are at least two.
Super-classes	RowOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2

RowOfObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RowOfObjects`
Description	A 'RowOfObjects' is a LinearlyOrderedGroup of Objects, abstract or physical, that is either straight (if physical) or represented by a straight array in some medium, as a Row in a table or Database. This type includes 'columns' as well as 'rows' and does not have any implications regarding the orientation of the object in the Row, as suggested by the phrase in the Wordnet gloss 'side by side'. For a LinearlyOrdered group of Events use ''ChronologicalSequence''. Includes but is more general than noun sense 1 of 'row', and includes sense 5 of 'row' and part (for Objects) of sense 2 of 'succession' WordNet: in WordNet: 1. (23) row - (an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line; 'a row of chairs') 5. row - - (a linear array of numbers side by side) WN noun 'succession': 2. (1) succession - (a group of people or things arranged or following in order; 'a succession of stalls offering soft drinks'; 'a succession of failures')
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Sub-classes	DatabaseTableColumn^c RowOfPeople^c RowOfButtons^c HedgeRow^c Eyelashes^c DatabaseRecord^c

RowOfPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RowOfPeople`
Description	A 'RowOfPeople' is a LinearlyOrderedGroup of people; it may be perpendicular or horizontal to the line of sight or some other reference point. For a RowOfPeople that is linear in a direction perpendicular to their direction of movement or direction they are facing, use 'RankOfPeople'. 'a police cordon two rows deep' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'row', part of sense 1 of 'line' and part of sense 1 of 'queue' in WordNet: 1. (23) row - (an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line; 'a row of chairs') WN 'line' 1. (51) line - (a formation of people or things one beside another; 'the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed'; 'they were arrayed in line of battle'; 'the cast stood in line for the curtain call') WN 'queue' 1. queue, waiting line - (a line of people or vehicles waiting for something)
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c RowOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	RankOfPeople^c PoliceLineup^c

Rowboat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rowboat`
Description	COSMO note: a Rowboat has to be small enough to be powered by one person using oars - a trireme or frew-padled boat or other multiple-person powered boat is not an instance. A 'Rowboat' might be retrofitted with an engine, but to be a ''Rowboat'' it should be designed to be rowed. Cyc: #$Rowboat is a specialization of #$Watercraft-Surface and #$Device-UserPowered. Each instance of #$Rowboat is a boat which is usually powered by one or more persons' rowing (generally using #$Oars). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rowboat and Includes part of sense 1 of 'boat' in WordNet: 1. (14) boat - (a small vessel for travel on water) WN rowboat: 1. dinghy, dory, rowboat - (a small boat of shallow draft with cross thwarts for seats and rowlocks for oars with which it is propelled)
Super-classes	Device-UserPowered^c Watercraft-Small^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Oar^c hasComponentPart^op value Oarlock^c
Sub-classes	Dinghy^c LifeBoat^c Gig-Boat^c

Rowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rowing`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$VoluntaryBodyMovements used to propel a boat or raft (or on a rowing machine), using an oar or paddle of some sort. For the collection of #$TransportationEvents in which the motive force is provided by numerous #$Rowing actions, see #$RowingABoat. `NOTE: foot paddling is not included in this type, which requires using the hand to manipulate the propelling device. SUMO: Any instance of WaterTransportation where the instrument is an Oar that is manually powered. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'row' in WordNet: 1. (4) row - (propel with oars; 'row the boat across the lake')`
Super-classes	UsingTheHand^c PropellingaBoat^c
Sub-classes	PaddlingABoat^c

Royal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Royal

Description

'Royal' is an pertaining attribute broadly relating to things that pertain directly to a king or queen or other monarch; of or pertaining to a king or queen. In the case of an emperor, the adjective 'imperial' also applies.

      Corresponds to adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 5 of 'royal' and
      in WordNet:
        1. (4) royal - - (of or relating to or indicative of or issued or 
           performed by a king or queen or other monarch; 'the royal party';
           'the royal crest'; 'by royal decree'; 'a royal visit')
        2. (1) royal - - (established or chartered or authorized by royalty;
           'the Royal Society')
    3. royal - - (being of the rank of a monarch; 'of royal ancestry';
       'princes of the blood royal')
        5. royal - - (invested with royal power as symbolized by a crown;
           'the royal (or crowned) heads of Europe')

Super-classes Aristocratic^c

Royalty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Royalty`
Description	''Royalty'' is a GroupOfPeople each of whom is a ''MemberOfRoyalty''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'royalty' in WordNet: 2. (1) royalty, royal family, royal line, royal house - (royal persons collectively; 'the wedding was attended by royalty')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only MemberOfRoyalty^c

RoyaltyFee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RoyaltyFee

Description

A ''RoyaltyFee'' is a payment for use of a Copyright or Patent.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'royalty' in WordNet:
        1. (5) royalty - (payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource
           for the right to use their property; 'he received royalties on his book')

Super-classes PaymentAmount^c
FeePayment^c

Rubber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rubber`
Description	Any elastic material (natural or synthetic) made of polymer that can stretch and is flexible; it can be of natural rubber or some synthetic substance. `Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'rubber' in WordNet: 1. (4) rubber, natural rubber, India rubber, gum elastic, caoutchouc - - (an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products) 2. rubber, synthetic rubber - - (any of various synthetic elastic materials whose properties resemble natural rubber)`
Super-classes	Polymer^c SolidSubstance^c ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c OrganicCompound^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elastic^c
Sub-classes	SyntheticRubber^c NaturalRubber^c

RubberBoot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RubberBoot

Description

This is the singular for one rubber overshoe that extends enough above the ankles to be considered a 'boot' rather than a 'shoe'.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber boot' in WordNet:
             1. rubber boot, gum boot - (a high boot made of rubber)

Super-classes Rubbers^c

RubberSole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RubberSole`
Description	A 'RubberSole''' is a ''ShoeSole'' made of ''Rubber'' (natural or synthetic).
Super-classes	ShoeSole^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Rubber^c

RubberStrip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RubberStrip`
Description	Any rubber band, made from natural or synthetic rubber. This may have open ends that are not connected, and can therefore be connected to two different objects or two parts of the same object. if closed in a loop, it is the subtype ''LoopedRubberBand'.. `WN does not distinguish the closed and looped rubber bands. The same synset is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber band' and noun sense 1 of 'elastic' and sense 1 of 'elastic band' in WordNet: 1. rubber band, elastic band, elastic - - (a narrow band of elastic rubber used to hold things (such as papers) together)`
Super-classes	Strip^c ElasticObject^c RibbonlikeObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Rubber^c hasShape^op value LoopShaped^c
Sub-classes	LoopedRubberBand^c

Rubbers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rubbers`
Description	This is the singular for one rubber overshoe - term is in plural form to avoid conflict with substance ''Rubber' and because the term is often used in the plural rather than singular. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber' in WordNet: 5. arctic, galosh, golosh, rubber, gumshoe - (a waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow)`
Super-classes	FootwearItem^c
Sub-classes	RubberBoot^c

Rubbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rubbing`
Description	A sliding of one object against another in which noticeable friction is generated. `Cyc: A collection of events. An instance of #$Rubbing is an event in which the #$objectActedOn is rubbed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rub' in WordNet: 1. (19) rub - (move over something with pressure; 'rub my hands'; 'rub oil into her skin')`
Super-classes	ApplyingFriction^c Sliding-Generic^c ActionOnObject^c
Sub-classes	Massaging^c WearingDownFromUse^c GratingSomething^c CleaningaFloor^c Scrubbing^c AbradingSomething^c PolishingSomething^c Wiping^c Fraying^c Caressing^c ScratchingAnItch^c

Rubella^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rubella`
Description	Epidemic, viral infection. Acquired by direct contact with person infected. One attack of rubella apparently confers lasting immunity. Rubella would be of little concern if it were not for the fact that it causes birth defects if a pregnant woman becomes infected. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubella' in WordNet: 1. German measles, rubella, three-day measles, epidemic roseola - (a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester)`
Super-classes	ViralInfection^c ContagiousDisease^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value BirthDefect^c

Rubidium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rubidium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of rubidium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubidium' in WordNet:
          1. rubidium, Rb, atomic number 37 - 
             (a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; 
             burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in 
             carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
SolidSubstance^c
AlkaliMetal^c

Rubric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rubric`
Description	A ''Rubric'' is a ''ClassifierWord'' that serves as a label for a ''Sort'' of things. Each headword in COSMO (ID="") s aninstance of this sense of ''Rubric''. However, there is no useful and straightforward way in COSMO to specify the headwords as members of an OWL:Class. . Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'rubric' in WordNet: 6. rubric - (category name; 'it is usually discussed under the rubric of `functional obesity'')
Super-classes	ClassifierWord^c Sort^c

RubricRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RubricRule`
Description	''RubricRule'' is the label used for this sense of'rubric', to distinguish it from other senses. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubric' in WordNet: 1. (1) rubric - (an authoritative rule of conduct or procedure)`
Super-classes	RuleForBehavior^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Authorized^c

RubyColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RubyColor`
Description	`NOTE: the broad WN synset is broken into different subtypes in COSMO each using the same synset as a label. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ruby-red' in Wordnet: 1. red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet - (of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies)`
Super-classes	Reddish^c
Sub-classes	DeepRed-Color^c DarkRed-Color^c

Rudder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rudder`
Description	The flat object projecting into the water that the driver of a boat manipulates to steer the boat. This is a ''Board'' (flate thin plate) that can be made of any sufficiently strong and rigid material - metal, wood, plastic. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rudder' in WordNet: 2. rudder - ((nautical) steering mechanism consisting of a hinged vertical plate mounted at the stern of a vessel)`
Super-classes	FreeSheet^c Board^c VehicleController^c Device-UserControlled^c FlatObject^c SteeringDevice^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value ShipsStern^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Boat^c steers^op value Boat^c

Ruddy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruddy

Description

''Ruddy'' is a skin color noticeable mostly in the Face and Arms, being a combination of a light red and tan in varying proportions.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ruddy' in WordNet:
         1. (1) rubicund, ruddy, florid, sanguine - 
            (inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life;
            'a ruddy complexion'; 'Santa's rubicund cheeks'; 'a fresh and sanguine complexion')

Super-classes Reddish^c

Rude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rude`
Description	'Rude' in COSMO.is used as a more intense form of 'Impolite' in which behavior, often some speech act, is unpleasant to other people, and is of a type that the offender should know will be offensive. This AttributeValue can characterize a single incident or a habitual pattern of rudeness, and can characterize a Person or the Action of a Person: 'a rude young man';'a rude remark'. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'rude' in WordNet: 1. (2) ill-mannered, bad-mannered, rude, unmannered, unmannerly - - (socially incorrect in behavior; 'resentment flared at such an unmannered intrusion') 3. uncivil, rude - - (lacking civility or good manners; 'want nothing from you but to get away from your uncivil tongue'- Willa Cather)`
Super-classes	Offensive^c Impolite^c
Sub-classes	Disrespectful^c Boorish^c Cheeky^c Bratty^c Impudent^c

Rudeness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rudeness`
Description	''Rudeness'' is a quality of a Person having the AttributeValue ''Rude''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rudeness' in WordNet: 1. (1) discourtesy, rudeness - (a manner that is rude and insulting)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Rude^c
Sub-classes	Impudence^c

Ruffle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruffle`
Description	A ''Frill'' added to the bottom of a dress or skirt.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense of 'ruffle' in WordNet: 1. frill, flounce, ruffle, furbelow - (a strip of pleated material used as a decoration or a trim)`
Super-classes	Frill^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ClothingItem^c isTheBottomPartOf^op value ClothingItem^c

Rug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rug`
Description	From plush room-sized Oriental rugs to rubber-backed bathroom rugs, this collection represents textile floor coverings that are not attached. The restriction that it cannot be attached distinguishes a 'Carpet' (which may or may not be attached) from a 'Rug' in COSMO. `SUMO: A piece of Fabric whose purpose is to cover a Floor. Corresponds to part ('rug') of noun sense 1 of 'rug' in WordNet: 1. (4) rug, carpet, carpeting - (floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile))`
Super-classes	Carpet^c
Sub-classes	DoorMat^c

Rugby^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rugby

Description

The sport of 'Rugby'. This is not a game but the sport generally, a subtype of ''Specification''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rugby' in WordNet:
        1. rugby, rugby football, rugger - (a form of football played with an oval ball)

Super-classes Sport^c

RugbyBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RugbyBall`
Description	A ball used in a rugby game. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rugby ball' in WordNet: 1. rugby ball - (inflated oval ball used in playing rugby)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c ManufacturedGoods^c Ball^c Device^c Ovoid^c InflatableContainer^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value RugbyGame^c

RugbyGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RugbyGame`
Description	A game that is an execution of ''Rugby''.
Super-classes	GameEvent^c
Restrictions	uses^op value RugbyBall^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Rugby^c

Ruination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruination`
Description	Each ''Ruination'' is an Event in which some person(s) were harmed non-physically to a high degree in some way such that they cannot achieve a deeply desired or necessary Goal. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'ruination' in WordNet: 1. ruin, ruination - (an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction; 'you have brought ruin on this entire family') 3. downfall, ruin, ruination - (failure that results in a loss of position or reputation)`
Super-classes	HarmingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ruinous^c

Ruined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruined

Description

''Ruined'' is the attribute of a PhysicalObject that has been damaged to the point where it is no longer usable. When applied to structures,this typically refers to severe strutural damage.

          Corresponds to part (for physical destruction) of adjective sense 1 of 'ruined' 
             and the like part of 'destroyed' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) destroyed, ruined - (destroyed physically or morally)
          WN adj 'destroyed':
            1. (1) destroyed - (spoiled or ruined or demolished; 'war left many cities destroyed'; 
                'Alzheimer's is responsible for her destroyed mind')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Ruining^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruining

Description

'Ruining' is the Class of Events in which something that is not a PhysicalObject is destroyed, and no longer exists. This type can be used for Events in which the thing destroyed is not physical (the scandal ruined his chances of getting elected; the gossip ruined his reputation). For physical destruction, use 'PhysicalDestructionEvent'.

        Includes parts of sense 2 of 'ruin' and of sense 2 of 'destroy' in WordNet:
          WN 'destroy':
            2. (28) destroy, ruin - - (destroy completely; damage irreparably; 
                  'You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!'; 
                  'The tears ruined her make-up')
          WN 'ruin':
            2. ruin - (destroy or cause to fail;
         'This behavior will ruin your chances of winning the election')

Super-classes DestructionEvent^c

Ruinous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruinous

Description

''Ruinous'' is an intensive form of ''Disastrous'' , asserting that the Event characterized causes sufficient non-physical damage for either (1) the Person harmed to completely lose the ability to achieve some desired goal, as a 'ruinous' decision or Event that makes the goal impossible, or (2) the Person harmed to be characterized as 'ruined', as being financially ruined, such as bankrupted. This should be used for non-physical damage; for intense physical damage the subtypes of ''Damaging'' can be used.

      'fatal' here is in the sense 'fatal to his chnces of winning'.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'ruinous' and part of
         sense 3 of 'fatal' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) catastrophic, ruinous - (extremely harmful; bringing 
                physical or financial ruin; 'a catastrophic depression'; 
                'catastrophic illness'; 'a ruinous course of action')
            2. blasting, ruinous - (causing injury or blight; 
                 especially affecting with sudden violence or plague or ruin; 
                 'the blasting effects of the intense cold on the budding fruit'; 
                 'the blasting force of the wind blowing sharp needles of sleet in our faces';
                 'a ruinous war')

        WN adj 'fatal':
         3. black, calamitous, disastrous, fatal, fateful - ((of events) having extremely 
            unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin; 
            'the stock market crashed on Black Friday'; 'a calamitous defeat';
            'the battle was a disastrous end to a disastrous campaign'; 
            'such doctrines, if true, would be absolutely fatal to my theory'- Charles Darwin; 
            'it is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it'- Douglas MacArthur;
            'a fateful error')

Super-classes Disastrous^c
Bad^c

Ruins^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruins`
Description	Each 'Ruins' is a structure that has been so badly damaged, losing at least part of its exterior, and usually part or all of the roof, that it can no longer function for its intended purpose. Even though non-functional, it retains its identity as an instance of Structure. Used mostly for the remains of a building `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'ruin' in WordNet, but is slightly broader in including structures that are not buildings: 2. (2) ruin - (a ruined building; 'they explored several Roman ruins')`
Super-classes	Structure^c NonFunctionalObject^c WreckedObject^c
Sub-classes	PileOfRubble^c

Rule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rule`
Description	A 'Rule' is a special kind of Proposition that asserts that some system or structure is or should be structured in a certain way, or that some agent should behave in a certain way. This is a very general sense of 'rule' including laws of nature, rules for behavior, principles for design of artifacts. Most uses of this type will be through the more specific subtypes. NOTE that a 'rule' must apply to some 'GenericLocation' - a Ruile created by the captain of a ship may apply only on that ship. A 'LawOfNature' wll usually apply at all points in the known universe. Rules such as a LawOfNature are not created by IntelligentAgents, but most Rules are. Some rules such as GrammaticalRules are created by a community as a whole, in an evolutionary manner, rather than by individuals imposing their views on others. This broad sense includes noun senses 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10 in WordNet: 1. (16) rule, regulation - (a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; 'it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast'; 'short haircuts were the regulation') 3. (10) rule, prescript - (prescribed guide for conduct or action) 4. (7) rule, linguistic rule - ((linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice) 5. (3) principle, rule - (a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; 'their principles of composition characterized all their works') 6. (1) principle, rule - (a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system; 'the principle of the conservation of mass'; 'the principle of jet propulsion'; 'the right-hand rule for inductive fields') 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess') 10. rule - (any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; 'the rule of St. Dominic')
Super-classes	Proposition^c GenericRule^c
Restrictions	holdsAtLocation^op some GenericLocation^c hasDesiredSituation^op some SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	DatabaseConstraint^c Principle^c LawOfNature^c RuleForBehavior^c OfficialStandard^c GrammaticalRule^c

RuleBased^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RuleBased

Description

''RuleBased'' is an attribute of Actions that are carried out according to some ''Rule'' established either legally or by some authority within some Organization. This is commonly expressed by the term 'formal, but the WN senses of 'formal' do not include this specific meaning. RHW sense 8 is closer to the meaning of this type: 8. made or done in accordance with procedures that ensure validity: a formal authorization.

       Includes adjective sense 2 of 'formal' and part of sense 1 in Wordnet:
         1. (13) formal - (being in accord with established forms and conventions 
              and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress); 'pay one's formal respects'; 
              'formal dress'; 'a formal ball'; 'the requirement was only formal and often ignored';
             'a formal education')
         2. (3) formal - (characteristic of or befitting a person in authority; 
             'formal duties'; 'an official banquet')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

RuleByTheElite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RuleByTheElite`
Description	''RuleByTheElite'' is a form of ''PoliticalRule'' in which the ruling power is held by ''TheElite'' class, which may be defined differently in different times and different places.
Super-classes	PoliticalRule^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value TheElite^c

RuleForBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RuleForBehavior`
Description	A 'RuleForBehavior' is a Rule created by some Authority that asserts that a certain type of Behavior is forbidden or is permitted under certain conditions, or that some Action must be performed in a certain manner. Subtypes are Laws created by the legislative bodies of GeopoliticalEntities, rules created by parents for their children to follow, business practices adopted by commercial enterprises for their employees to follow, rules created by any organization that regulate how their members may act, rules created to describe the allowed method for playing a game, among others. A set of more than one RuleForBehavior is also considered as a RuleForBehavior, but is represented by the subtype 'RulesForConduct'. Although Rules generally must be created by some GenericAgent, a 'RuleForBehavior' must be created by some 'IntelligentAgent', to control the behavior of other IntelligentAgents. This distinguishes this subtype of 'Rule' from, for example, a 'LawOfNature'. NOTE however,that when a 'RuleForBehavior'' is the result of an informal agreement or prevailing opinion among some community, the ''Authority' is the community, and the consequence may only be disapprobation. Each 'RuleForBehavior' is a special kind of Proposition that asserts that some agent has some Obligation to do (or refrain from doing) some act, and each . This is not a logical 'rule', which is categorized in the type 'Axiom'. Also excluded are 'rules' NOTE that as a subtype of Proposition, this 'Rule' type represents the conceptual content, not the abstract symbolic things (AbstractTexts) that describe the Rule, nor the physical texts on which the Rule may be visibly written. Every Rule specifies what is desired or mandatory for some future situation, and carries the expectation that agents who conform to the Rule will make that Situation happen. The definition of Rule subsumes simple games as well as complicated laws and business rules. The future situations may be processes, events, or states. Thus the Rule 'stop for a red light' refers to the situation where a vehicle approaches an intersection with a traffic light that is red; - to conform to the Rule, the vehicle must perform the event of stopping before the location of the light. That event of stopping is the desired situation that the Rule specifies. Although Rules are created to be applied to Agents, it is difficult in many cases to specify the agents to whom the rules are intended to apply, as the agents may be in some cases only vaguely defined by membership in a class - for example, game rules only apply to those playing the game at some particular time. Laws may apply to anyone 'within the jurisdiction'. Includes noun senses 3, 9, and 10 of 'rule' in WordNet: 3. (10) rule, prescript - (prescribed guide for conduct or action) 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess') 10. rule - (any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; 'the rule of St. Dominic')
Super-classes	Rule^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op value CommandPhrase^c wasAssignedByAuthority^op some Authority^c wasCreatedInEvent^op value AssigningaRule^c
Sub-classes	Decree^c RulesForConduct^c Statute^c Restriction^c Regulation^c MoralPrinciple^c Law^c RubricRule^c SportsRule^c

RuleMakingRight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RuleMakingRight`
Description	A ''RuleMakingRight''is the Right to ''MakingaRule'' in some Jurisdiction.
Super-classes	Right^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value MakingaRule^c

RuleType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RuleType`
Description	RuleType is a metatype which is a specialization of 'ObjectType' that can serve as type for Rules (laws, theories) and an argument restriction for various relations on Rule types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	MentalObjectType^c
Members	Restriction

Ruler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruler`
Description	A long thin object with numbered markings at regular intervals of length, used to measure length, by comparing a PhysicalObject or some interval of space between physical objects with the positions of the markings on the Ruler. `NOTE that this is the stright rigid 'ruler' and not a measuring tape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ruler' in WordNet: 1. (9) rule, ruler - - (measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c SmallObject^c LengthMeasuringDevice^c Strip^c StraightObject^c
Sub-classes	Yardstick^c

RulesForConduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RulesForConduct`
Description	Each 'RulesForConduct' is a Group of more than one 'RuleForBehavior'. This type merges the Cyc 'SupposedToBeMicrotheory' and 'CodeOfConduct' - renamed to make clear the interpretation of this category in COSMO. In COSMO, RulesForConduct is a Group containing at least one 'Rule', and possibly other elements, such as descriptions of the history or purpose of the Rules. NOTE that the Rules contained in each set of RulesforConduct each refer to some desired FutureSituation. But at this point (v0.3) that future situation or situations is referenced only by the Rules individually, not by this aggregate concept of a set of Rules. To specify what is desired by a set of Rules, create the individual Rules, and from those Rules point to the states that each Rule specifies as desired. Cyc 'SupposedTobe Microtheory' Cyc: A specialization of #$Microtheory. Each instance of #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory is a microtheory that describes how things are supposed to be according to some source. Instances of this collection can be used to represent things like the policies of a company, the laws of a country, the tenets of a religion, the rules of proper conduct for employees of a particular corporation, etc. The assertions in a #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory may or may not describe the world as it actually is. Examples instances include #$BasicWesternLegalConceptsMt, #$SportsRulesOf-BoxingSportsEvent, #$CycStaffCalendar, and #$OfficeCodeOfConductMt. Cyc: CodeOfConduct: An instance of #$MicrotheoryType, and a specialization of #$Obligation. Each instance of #$CodeOfConduct is a microtheory containing rules and/or expectations governing the behavior of those agents subject to it. Includes noun senses 3, 9, and 10 of 'rule' in WordNet: 3. (10) rule, prescript - (prescribed guide for conduct or action) 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess') 10. rule - (any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; 'the rule of St. Dominic')
Super-classes	Group^c RuleForBehavior^c DesiresContext^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some RuleForBehavior^c
Sub-classes	DiplomaticProtocol^c GameRules^c Etiquette^c Obligation^c

Ruling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruling`
Description	This sense of ''Ruling'' is a ''JudicialDecision'' that is the final judgment on a court proceeding. It may be appealed,but settles the issue as far as the specific court is concerned. Unclear how this relates to ''JudicialDecision'' and ''LegalDecision''' - any suggestions from law experts?? The WN gloss explicitly states that this is not the ruling, but this type is intended to represent a final decision on a case, whereas the parent ''JudicialDecision'' includes any number of intermediate decisions such as whether to allow testimony or to accept an objection. A ''Ruling'' will include the court's reasoning, but it is taken as authoritative. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ruling' in WordNet: 1. (4) opinion, ruling - (the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself))
Super-classes	JudicialDecision^c
Restrictions	typicallyFinishes^op value CourtCase^c
Sub-classes	SentencingAction^c

Rum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rum`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rum' in WordNet: 1. rum - (liquor distilled from fermented molasses)`
Super-classes	Liquor^c Distillate^c

Rumbling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rumbling`
Description	''Rumbling'' represents the Action of making a low intermittent sound like deep drumbeats or booms. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rumble' in WordNet: 1. (3) rumble, grumble - (make a low noise; 'rumbling thunder')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value RumblingSound^c

RumblingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RumblingSound`
Description	A ''RumblingSound'' is a sound like that of a repetitive far-away explosions and/or the beats of a large drum. This is often the sound of ''Thunder''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rumble' in WordNet: 1. (4) rumble, rumbling, grumble, grumbling - (a loud low dull continuous noise; 'they heard the rumbling of thunder')`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Rumbling^c
Sub-classes	Thunder^c

Ruminant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruminant`
Description	A group of mammals which bring previously swallowed food back from their stomachs to re-chew into a finer and more digestible consistancy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ruminant' in WordNet: 1. ruminant - (any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments)`
Super-classes	PlacentalMammal^c Herbivore^c NonHumanAnimal^c TerrestrialOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Bovid^c Goat^c Llama^c Camel^c Sheep^c WildOx^c Giraffe^c Deer^c Aurochs^c Antelope^c Buffalo^c

Rummaging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rummaging`
Description	''Rummaging'' is a ''SearchingForAnObject'' where the Object is a small ''PhysicalObject'' and is in the same location as several other ''PhysicalObject''s at least two others), making it necessary to move one or more of those Objects with the hand in order to find the desired Object. ''Rummaging'' is usually used for searches inside a residence or in some storage room or cabinet or drawer. This does not include just going from place to place in a buiding to find something - e.g. misplaced keys - that would be 'looking around' for something. `NOTE; a ''Rummaging'' does not have to be 'haphazard' as in the WN gloss; it could be (though usually isn't) systematic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rummage' in WordNet: 1. (2) rummage - (search haphazardly; 'We rummaged through the drawers')`
Super-classes	SearchingForAnObject^c UsingTheHand^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op some (ContainedObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Rumor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rumor`
Description	A ''Rumor'' is the generic term for a ''QuestionableInformation'' that is transmitted orally or in some other meium by one person, based on that person's own opinions, and without any prior evluation by an organization. This include material widely distribute by Facebook, tweeting, or any other soial medium. This does not include published material in books or periodicals. See subtype ''ScandalSheetText'' for that. RHW: 'rumor' sense 1: a story or statement in general circulation without confirmation or certainty as to facts: a rumor of war. In WN 'rumor' is a subtype of 'gossip but in COSMO ''gossip'' (about people) is a subtype of ''Rumor'' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'rumor' (any person-to person medium, including internet can be used) in WordNet: 1. (14) rumor, rumour, hearsay - (gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth)
Super-classes	QuestionableInformation^c
Sub-classes	ScandalSheetText^c Gossip^c ScandalousGossip^c

Run-Down^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Run-Down

Description

''Run-Down'' characterizes any Artifact or Area that has deteriorated and is less useful or desirable than others in better condition.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'run-down' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) creaky, decrepit, derelict, flea-bitten, run-down, woebegone -
              (worn and broken down by hard use; 'a creaky shack';
              'a decrepit bus...its seats held together with friction tape'; 
              'a flea-bitten sofa'; 'a run-down neighborhood'; 'a woebegone old shack')

Super-classes Bad^c

RunBattedIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RunBattedIn`
Description	A ''RunBattedIn'' is a ''ScoringaRun'' when a ''BaseballBatter'' hits the ball so as to cause a ''BaseballPlayer'' (the batter or some other player who was on base) to go around the baseline to home plate and score a run. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'run batted in' in WordNet: 1. (1) run batted in, rbi - (a run that is the result of the batter's performance; 'he had more than 100 rbi last season')`
Super-classes	ScoringaRun^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Batting^c

Runaway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Runaway`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'runaway' in Wordnet: 1. (3) runaway - (completely out of control; 'runaway inflation')`
Super-classes	Uncontrolled^c

RunawayPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RunawayPerson`
Description	A ''RunawayPerson'' includes minor children who run away from home. But a 'fugitive from justice' is not included, that is represented by ''Fugitive''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'runaway' in WordNet: 2. fugitive, runaway, fleer - (someone who flees from an uncongenial situation; 'fugitives from the sweatshops')`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Fleeing^c

Rung^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rung`
Description	A 'Rung'' is one of the crosspieces of a ladder, which may be round or flat. This term in English usually refers to the round crosspiece, and a flat piece may be referred to as a 'step', but both are subsumed in this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rung' in Wordnet: 2. rundle, spoke, rung - (one of the crosspieces that form the steps of a ladder)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c NonPoweredDevice^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Ladder^c

Runner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Runner`
Description	Specifically for ''Runners'' that are flat-bottomed long and narrow SupportingObjects (with some connecting pieces fixed to the conveyance), designed to support conveyances (''SnowSurfaceTransporter''s) that move over snow or ice. This includes the blades on ice skates, so they are not necessarily sheet-like, they just have to have a flat bottom. `NOTE that a 'Ski' is a lot like a ''Runner'' but is not classified as a subtype because a''Runner'' is only a proper part of a conveyance,whereas a ''Ski'' with boot and straps attached could be considered as a whole conveyance. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'runner' in WordNet: 8. runner - (device consisting of the parts on which something can slide along)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c LongAndThinObject^c FlatBottomedObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c PartOfanArtifact^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SnowSurfaceTransporter^c

RunnerUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RunnerUp`
Description	A ''RunnerUp'' is the Person who comes in second in a Competition. The term 'runner-up' is usually used only for a ''Person''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'runner-up' in WordNet: 1. (2) runner-up, second best - (the competitor who finishes second)`
Super-classes	Competitor^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCompetitorOf^op some Winner^c

Running^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Running`
Description	COSMO note: to be disjoint with Walking, it is required that at some point in the Running event, no foot of an animal is in contact with the ground. This requirement distinguishes 'Running' from fast walking, and is only seen in humans and some quadripeds. Insects, arthropods, centipedes,and millipedes cannot perform 'Running', even if they move quickly. However, the bounding gait of a kangaroo or rabbit would not qualify as a 'running', but would be a 'Hopping'. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$LocomotionProcess-Animal in which an #$Animal agent travels on foot using rapid voluntary movements of its legs; similar to walking, only faster. SUMO: Ambulating relatively quickly, i.e. moving in such a way that, with each step, neither foot is in contact with the ground for a period of time. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'run' in WordNet: 1. (106) run - (move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time; 'Don't run-you'll be out of breath'; 'The children ran to the store')
Super-classes	Gait^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c
Sub-classes	Trotting^c Scampering^c Jogging^c Dashing^c

RunningAnErrand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RunningAnErrand`
Description	''RunningAnErrand'' is a short ''TakingaTrip'' to accomplish some Task. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'errand' in WordNet: 1. (5) errand - (a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission)`
Super-classes	TakingaTrip^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value CarryingOutaTask^c

RunningAway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RunningAway`
Description	''RunningAway'' is the most general Action of a 'Person' that leaves a location where they are now or are normally (as a residence), to an undisclosed location, for any reason. This can be for example, running from the police, from one's parents, or from an institution. Running away for fear of being apprehended is the subtype Includes 'run off' verb senses 1 and 2 and 'run away senses 1 and 2 in WordNet: 1. (2) abscond, bolt, absquatulate, decamp, run off, go off, make off - (run away; usually includes taking something or somebody along; 'The thief made off with our silver'; 'the accountant absconded with the cash from the safe') 2. (1) run off, run out, bolt, bolt out, beetle off - (leave suddenly and as if in a hurry; 'The listeners bolted when he discussed his strange ideas'; 'When she started to tell silly stories, I ran out') WN 'run; 2. (38) scat, run, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it, bunk, head for the hills, take to the woods, escape, fly the coop, break away - (flee; take to one's heels; cut and run; 'If you see this man, run!'; 'The burglars escaped before the police showed up') WN 'run away': 2. (1) run away - (escape from the control of; 'Industry is running away with us all')
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c LeavingaPlace^c
Sub-classes	Eloping^c Fleeing^c Deserting^c

RunningBoard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RunningBoard

Description

A ''RunningBoard'' is a ''Footboard'' attached to the side of an older style of vehicle, alonside and below a door to help people get into and out of the vehicles, which used to have interior floors higher off the ground.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'running board' in WordNet:
         1. (1) running board - (a narrow footboard serving
            as a step beneath the doors of some old cars)

Super-classes VehiclePart^c
Footboard^c

RunnyNose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RunnyNose`
Description	The physiological condition of having a runny nose.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Nose^c

Runoff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Runoff

Description

''Runoff'' is a ''Spilling'' from a stationary container due to liquid going into the container after it has already filled up.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'runoff' in WordNet:
           1. (2) overflow, runoff, overspill - (the occurrence of surplus liquid (as water) 
              exceeding the limit or capacity)

Super-classes Spilling^c
Movement-TranslationEvent^c
LiquidMotion^c

Runway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Runway`
Description	A ''Runway'' is a ''HorizontalTopSurface'' large and long enough for fixed-wing Airplanes to take off and land. This includes the ''FlightDeck'' on an AircraftCarrier. Subtypes can be more specific as to type and location. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'runway' in WordNet: 2. runway - (a strip of level paved surface where planes can take off and land)`
Super-classes	HorizontalTopSurface^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value AircraftTakeoff^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value AircraftLanding^c
Sub-classes	FlightDeck^c

Rupee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rupee`
Description	This 'rupee' is generic for any ''CurrencyUnit'' called a 'rupee'. WordNet has several more specific units, each of which would be an instance: 1. Sri Lanka rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Sri Lanka; equal to 100 cents) 2. Seychelles rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Seychelles; equal to 100 cents) 3. Nepalese rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Nepal; equal to 100 paisa) 4. Mauritian rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Mauritius; equal to 100 cents) 5. Pakistani rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Pakistan; equal to 100 paisa) 6. Indian rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in India; equal to 100 paise)
Super-classes	CurrencyUnit^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IndianRupee

Rupturing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rupturing`
Description	''Rupturing'' is an Event in which a tear in a solid surface creates an ''Opening'' in the surface. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rupture' in WordNet: 1. (1) tear, rupture, snap, bust - (separate or cause to separate abruptly; 'The rope snapped'; 'tear the paper')`
Super-classes	BecomingOpen^c
Sub-classes	RupturingaBloodVessel^c

RupturingaBloodVessel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RupturingaBloodVessel

Description

''RupturingaBloodVessel'' is an Event in which a ''BloodVessel'' tears open from internal processes, rather than from being cut from outside.

       "BloodPressure

Super-classes Rupturing^c

Rural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rural

Description

an AttributeValue of some type or instance that is distinctive to or characteristic of places, people, or customs typically outside the areas in or near a ''City''

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'rural' in WordNet:
         1. (18) rural - (living in or characteristic of farming or country life;
           'rural people'; 'large rural households'; 'unpaved rural roads'; 
           'an economy that is basically rural')
         2. (7) rural - (relating to rural areas; 'rural electrification';
           'rural free delivery (RFD)')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

RuralArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RuralArea`
Description	A ''GeographicalThing'' (located at the EarthsSurface) outside cities or suburbs. Ruralness is an intrinsic property of these areas, i.e. every piece of a #$RuralArea is an instance of #$RuralArea. `NOTE: has been changed to ''OutsideLocation'' not Region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rural area' in WordNet: 1. (3) country, rural area - (an area outside of cities and towns; 'his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country')`
Super-classes	GeographicalThing^c GeographicalArea^c OutsideLocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c
Sub-classes	Countryside^c BackCountry^c

RuralRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RuralRegion`
Description	A ''GeographicalThing'' (located at the EarthsSurface) outside cities or suburbs. Ruralness is an intrinsic property of these areas, i.e. every piece of a #$RuralArea is an instance of #$RuralArea. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rural area' in WordNet: 1. (3) country, rural area - (an area outside of cities and towns; 'his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country')`
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c GeographicalThing^c OutsideLocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c

Rush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rush`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rush' in WordNet: 1. (8) haste, hurry, rush, rushing - (the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner; 'in his haste to leave he forgot his book')`
Super-classes	Rushing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hasty^c

Rushing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rushing`
Description	'Rushing' is Translation-LocationChange (an animal moving from one place to another) which is performed more quickly than usual, i.e. is performed in a hurried or rushed manner. The words associated with this sense are often used with the meaning of the process of going, rather than the completed movement; the distinction must be made by the Lexical Expert. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hurry' , sense 1 of 'rush', and sense 1 of 'race'; it is also part of sense 4 of 'rush', the more general sense, but that is represented by the more general type 'Hurrying'. in WordNet: WN 'rush' 1. (20) rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along, rush along, cannonball along, bucket along, belt along - (step on it; 'He rushed down the hall to receive his guests'; 'The cars raced down the street') WN 'hurry' 1. (30) travel rapidly, speed, hurry, zip - (move very fast; 'The runner zipped past us at breakneck speed')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Translation-LocationChange^c AnimalActivity^c
Sub-classes	Darting^c Rush^c Charging-Rushing^c

Rust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rust`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rust' in WordNet: 1. rust - (a red or brown oxide coating on iron or steel caused by the action of oxygen and moisture)`
Super-classes	FerricOxide^c

RustColored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RustColored

Description

Having a reddish-brown color resembling that of ''Rust'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rust-brown' in Wordnet:
          1. rust, rusty, rust-brown - (of the brown color of rust)

Super-classes Brownish^c
Reddish^c

Rustic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rustic`
Description	A ''Rustic'' is a ''CommonMan'' who lives in a ''RuralAea'' and is not well-educated. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rustic' in WordNet: 1. rustic - (an unsophisticated country person)`
Super-classes	CommonMan^c HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	Redneck^c Peasant^c Hick^c

Rusting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rusting`
Description	An Event in which an artifact made of iron or an iron alloy rusts in air; this is an oxidation event. This is restricted to artifacts, and therefore can be classified as a 'DeteriorationEvent'. For the generic corrosion or etching that is not specifically rusting, use 'Corrosion'. `CYC 'RustingProcess': The oxidation of an iron-based metal; rust is formed in the process. Corresponds closely to verb senses 1 and 3 of 'rust' in WordNet, but is restricted to oxidation of iron by air, whether or not accelerated by water or moisture: in WordNet: 1. (2) corrode, rust - (become destroyed by water, air, or an etching chemical such as an acid; 'The metal corroded'; 'The pipes rusted') 3. rust - (become coated with oxide)`
Super-classes	Corrosion^c Oxidation^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value OuterPhysicalSurface^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Rusty^c isPerformedBy^op value Iron^c isCausedBy^op value Oxidation^c hadChangedEntity^op value MetalObject^c produces^op value Rust^c isPerformedBy^op value IronAlloy^c

RustlingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RustlingAction`
Description	A ''RustlingAction'' is an ''EmittingSound'' Action that produces a ''RustlingSound''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rustle' in WordNet: 1. (7) rustle - (make a dry crackling sound; 'rustling silk'; 'the dry leaves were rustling in the breeze')`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value RustlingSound^c

RustlingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RustlingSound`
Description	A ''RustlingSound'' is a sound like that of a large ''Bee' flying nearby, `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rustle' in WordNet: 1. (1) rustle, rustling, whisper, whispering - (the light noise like the noise of silk clothing or leaves blowing in the wind)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value RustlingAction^c

Rustproof^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rustproof

Description

''Rustproof'' is a subtype of ''ResistantToCorrosion'' characterizing metal objects (usually those made of iron or steel) that 'resist' ''Rusting''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rustproof' in Wordnet:
         1. rustproof, rustproofed - (treated against rusting)

Super-classes Resistant^c

Rusty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Rusty`
Description	' Includes adjective sense 1 of 'rusty' and sense 1 of 'rusted' in Wordnet: 1. (3) rusty - (covered with or consisting of rust; 'a rusty machine'; 'rusty deposits') 1. (1) rusted - (having accumulated rust; "rusted hinges")
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Ruthenium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruthenium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Ruthenium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ruthenium' in WordNet:
          1. ruthenium, Ru, atomic number 44 -
             (a rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group;
             it is found associated with platinum)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Ruthless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ruthless

Description

'Ruthless' is an AttributeValue of a Person that has little ''Pity'' for people who are harmed by hisher Actions.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ruthless' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) pitiless, remorseless, ruthless, unpitying -
          (without mercy or pity; 'an act of ruthless ferocity'; 'a monster of remorseless cruelty')

Super-classes Competitive^c

SCUBA^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SCUBA

Description

This is the subcollection of #$SelfContainedBreathingApparatus designed for underwater use, consisting of an air tank, hoses, and a scuba regulator. 'SCUBA' is an acronym for 'self-contained underwater breathing apparatus'.

        This is the complete apparatus, tanks, regulator, lines, and mouthpiece.
        The parts are not yet represented. CYC 'ScubaGear' might be
        useful.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scuba' in WordNet:
          1. aqualung, Aqua-Lung, scuba - 
            (a device (trade name Aqua-Lung) that lets divers 
             breathe under water; scuba is an acronym for self-contained 
             underwater breathing apparatus)

Super-classes BreathingDevice^c

SPARQL-Query^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SPARQL-Query

Description

The Type ''SPARQL-Query'' was created to allow a user to save a SPARQL query and not need to retype it repeatedly. The queries are saved as text in the 'query' section of the instance.

  Use the instance 'SQtemplate' to get an empty instance that can be 
    copied to an instance with a different name.  The add the text of the 
    query to the comment field of that instance and save it.

  NOTE in order to avoid confusing the RDF parser, a left-bracket character in the
     query must be replaced by some innocuous character(s):
       a two-character LB will do (see instance 'WordNetLabels').
  Then when the query is copied to the SPARQL query window, that LB needs to be
     replaced by the original left-bracket.

Members http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GetStateBird
http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MutipleLabels
http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GetUniqueThing
http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LDOCElabels
http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WNtoCOSMO
http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SQtemplate
http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WNorEN
http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WordNetLabels

Sabbath^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sabbath

Description

The 'day of rest' mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and observed on different days by the three Abrahamic religions.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sabbath' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) Sabbath - (a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians;
            Saturday for the Jews and a few Christians; Friday for Muslims)

Super-classes Day^c

Sabotage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sabotage

Description

Any action taken with the intention and effect of hindering another Agent's actions. This is traditionally done by damaging equipment, but can also be done by providing false information into anyone able to help or hinder the Action being sabotaged.

        Corresponds to verbsense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'sabotage' in WordNet,
           but is not restricted to destruction of equipment.
        in WordNet:
          1. sabotage, undermine, countermine, counteract, subvert, weaken -
             (destroy property or hinder normal operations; 
             'The Resistance sabotaged railroad operations during the war')
         WN noun 'sabotage':
            1. (2) sabotage - (a deliberate act of destruction or disruption
                 in which equipment is damaged)

Super-classes HostileSocialAction^c
Interfering^c

Sac-Organic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sac-Organic`
Description	$Sac-Organic is a specialization of #$OrganismPart and #$Container. Each instance of #$Sac-Organic is a plant or animal membranous sac or bladder, whether or not it is still part of a living #$Organism-Whole. Instances of #$Sac-Organic have zero (some plant bladders), one (e.g. #$GallBladder), two (#$Stomach), or three (#$Bladder-Urinary) tubes attached for the flow of material into or out of the bladder. The bladder may used for storage of some material in the body, and possible processing thereof, or merely as a mechanism for separating structures (e.g. the #$Peritoneum). Any tubes connected to the bladder are of far smaller diameter than the bladder itself. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'sac' in WordNet: 4. sac - (a structure resembling a bag in an animal) WN noun 'pouch': 3. pouch, pocket - ((anatomy) saclike structure in any of various animals (as a marsupial or gopher or pelican))
Super-classes	CavityWithWalls^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c Container^c BodyCavity^c AnimalBodyPart^c FlexibleObject^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Pillowcase^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	Stomach^c Cyst-Sac^c Alveolus^c Scrotum^c Uterus^c Peritoneum^c Bladder-Urinary^c Pericardium^c GallBladder^c Bursa^c UrinaryBladder^c Meninges^c Intestine^c

Saccade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saccade`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saccade' in WordNet: 1. saccade - (a rapid, jerky movement of the eyes between positions of rest)`
Super-classes	EyeMovement^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

Saccadic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saccadic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'saccadic' in Wordnet: 1. saccadic - (of or related to the rapid movement of the eyes between points of fixation)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Saccharin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saccharin

Description

CYC: Saccharin, a sweetening agent used in soft drinks and other prepared foods.

      RHW: a white, crystalline, slightly water-soluble powder,
        C7H5NO3S, produced synthetically, which in dilute solution 
        is 500 times as sweet as sugar: its soluble sodium salt is used 
        as a noncaloric sugar substitute in the manufacture of syrups, 
        foods, and beverages.
      Also called benzosulfimide, gluside.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saccharin' in WordNet:
         1. saccharin - (a crystalline substance 500 times sweeter 
            than sugar; used as a calorie-free sweetener)

Super-classes ArtificialSweetener^c

Saccharomyces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saccharomyces`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saccharomyces' in WordNet: 1. Saccharomyces, genus Saccharomyces - (single-celled yeasts that reproduce asexually by budding; used to ferment carbohydrates)`
Super-classes	Fungus^c
Sub-classes	SaccharomycesCerevisiae^c

SaccharomycesCerevisiae^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaccharomycesCerevisiae

Description

This is the collection of yeasts (individual yeast organisms of various types, not the collection of types of yeasts).

        This is the yeast used for leavening bread and brewing beer.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae' in WordNet:
          1. baker's yeast, brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - 
              (used as a leaven in baking and brewing)

Super-classes Saccharomyces^c
BakersYeast^c

Sack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sack`
Description	A ''Bag'' that is large enough to hold more than ten pounds of some granular substance. This can be made of any flexible ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that can hold a powder, i.e. does not have pores larger than 0.01 mm, and if the substance to be held is of large grains, the pores may be larger. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sack' and sense 3 of 'poke' in WordNet: 1. (1) sack, poke, paper bag, carrier bag - (a bag made of paper or plastic for holding customer's purchases)`
Super-classes	Bag^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value SackLike^c
Sub-classes	Pillowcase^c

SackLike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SackLike`
Description	The property of an object that consists mostly of one or more flexible SheetLike objects, shaped like a cylinder with an open (but possibly closable) top, and larger than a human hand.
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c

Sacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sacking`
Description	''Sacking'' is any coarse Fabric used to make a ''bag'' or sack' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sacking' in WordNet: 1. sacking, bagging - (coarse fabric used for bags or sacks)`
Super-classes	Fabric^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Coarse^c

Sacrament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sacrament`
Description	This ''Sacrament'' represents the traditional formal Christian ceremonies that are expected to confer special 'grace' on the one receiving them. In Catholicism some are required at certain times. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sacrament' in WordNet: 1. (1) sacrament - (a formal religious ceremony conferring a specific grace on those who receive it; the two Protestant ceremonies are baptism and the Lord's Supper; in the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church there are seven traditional rites accepted as instituted by Jesus: baptism and confirmation and Holy Eucharist and penance and holy orders and matrimony and extreme unction)`
Super-classes	Rite^c ReligiousCeremony^c
Restrictions	isaRitualOfGroup^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christianity^c isaRitualOfGroup^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Christians^c
Sub-classes	Penance^c HolyMatrimony^c HolyCommunion^c Baptism^c HolyEucharist^c

SacredObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SacredObject`
Description	An Object that is reserved only for use in religious activities. Such objects can be concrete (a building, a chalice, an icon, a sacrificial animal) or abstract (words that can only be spoken in a particular place or rite). These are culture-specific, and sacred to adherents of some specific Religion. Most will be artifacts.
Super-classes	Object^c
Restrictions	isSacredTo^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	SacredText^c Crucifix^c ReligiousRelic^c

SacredText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SacredText`
Description	Each 'SacredText' is the AbstractText representing some written material claimed or believed to have been written or inspired by a Deity. `CYC: The collection of all texts that are sacred to adherents of a #$Religion. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sacred text' in WordNet: 1. sacred text, sacred writing, religious writing, religious text - (writing that is venerated for the worship of a deity)`
Super-classes	TextualPCW^c AbstractDocument^c SacredObject^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Religion^c
Sub-classes	Scripture^c HailMary^c OurFather^c

Sacrifice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sacrifice`
Description	A ''Sacrifice'' is anything given up or risked and lost, for the sake of something else considered valuable. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'sacrifice' in WOrdNet: 2. (1) sacrifice - (personnel that are sacrificed (e.g., surrendered or lost in order to gain an objective))`
Super-classes	Role^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	wasLostInEvent^op some Sacrificing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sacrificed^c

Sacrificed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sacrificed

Description

''Sacrificed'' is an AttributeValue of anything that has been relinqished for an important purpose, in an act of ''Sacrificing'.

       No WN sense

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Sacrificing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sacrificing`
Description	''Sacrificing'' is an intentional 'Relinquishing' for the purpose of achieving some valuable goal. This is broad, and the thing relinquished can be anything of monetary or sentimental value, including cherished ideas.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sacrifice' in WordNet: 1. (10) sacrifice, give - (endure the loss of; 'He gave his life for his children'; 'I gave two sons to the war')`
Super-classes	PersonalLoss^c Relinquishing^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Sacrificed^c hasThingLost^op some Sacrifice^c

SacrificingToaDeity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SacrificingToaDeity`
Description	''SacrificingToaDeity'' is a ''LosingSomething'' as an act of Wordship. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'sacrifice' in WordNet: 4. sacrifice - (make a sacrifice of; in religious rituals)`
Super-classes	OfferingSomethingToaDeity^c LosingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Immolating^c

SacroIliacJoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SacroIliacJoint`
Description	`RHW 'sacroiliac': 1. the joint where the sacrum and ilium meet.`
Super-classes	Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c

Sacrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sacrum`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sacrum' in WordNet: 1. sacrum - (wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx)`
Super-classes	Vertebra^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value SpinalColumn^c

Sad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sad`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Sadness. This is a more specific feeling than the more general unhappiness. Sadness is usually brought on by a specific event and directed toward that event, but may be a general feeling. `Corresponds to adjsective sense 1 of 'sad' in WordNet: 1. (9) sad - - (experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness; 'feeling sad because his dog had died'; 'Better by far that you should forget and smile / Than that you should remember and be sad'- Christina Rossetti)`
Super-classes	Unhappy^c
Sub-classes	Sorry^c Saddened^c HeartWrenching^c Disappointed^c Bittersweet^c HeartBreaking^c

Saddened^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saddened`
Description	''Saddened'' is an attribute of a Person who is ''Sad'' because of some specific Event that causes the sadness, rather than some internal mental processes whose origins are indeterminate. 'Deeply saddened by the death of her favorite cat.'
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Sad^c

Saddening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saddening`
Description	''Saddening'' is a property of a ''SaddeningaPerson'' Event, as well as certain Events not categorized in that way. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'saddening' in WordNet: 1. depressing, depressive, gloomy, saddening - (causing or suggestive of sorrow or gloom; 'a gloomy outlook'; 'gloomy news')`
Super-classes	Harmful^c
Sub-classes	Tragic^c

SaddeningaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaddeningaPerson`
Description	''SaddeningaPerson'' is any Event that causes ''Sadness'' in a Person. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sadden' in WordNet: 1. (1) sadden - (make unhappy; 'The news of her death saddened me')`
Super-classes	CausingaMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Sadness^c hadAffectedPerson^op some Person^c

Saddle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saddle`
Description	What one usually sits on when one rides a horse. `COSMO note: what's on a camel? SUMO: A Device which allows a Human to ride on a Horse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saddle' in Wordnet: 1. (14) saddle - (a seat for the rider of a horse)`
Super-classes	HexalateralObject^c StableGear^c WearableItem^c SeatingDevice^c NonPoweredDevice^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Quadruped^c isSupportedBy^op value Quadruped^c

SaddleHorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaddleHorse`
Description	A ''SaddleHorse'' is a ''Horse'' that has been broken (tamed) and trained to accept riders riding on a saddle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saddle horse' in WordNet: 1. saddle horse, riding horse, mount - (a lightweight horse kept for riding only)`
Super-classes	Horse^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gentle^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Trained^c

Sadness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sadness`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Sadness is some agent's feeling of unhappiness. Instances of #$Sadness vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the cause of the feeling. Notable specializations of #$Sadness include #$Grief, #$Despair, and #$Misery. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2of 'sadness' in Wordnet: 1. (2) sadness, unhappiness - (emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being) 2. sadness, sorrow, sorrowfulness - (the state of being sad; 'she tired of his perpetual sadness')`
Super-classes	Unhappiness^c
Sub-classes	Disappointment^c Regret^c Misery^c FeelingOfMissingSomething^c Sorrow^c Melancholy^c

Safari^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Safari`
Description	A Safari is an ''LongJourney'' organized by local guides for non-natives of some location, usually referring to travel in East Africa, for hunting or sightseeing or other purposes. `The term 'safari' comes from the Swahili language, meaning 'journey' or 'traveling'. Does 'campaign' belong here?? Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'safari' in WordNet: 1. campaign, hunting expedition, safari - (an overland journey by hunters (especially in Africa))`
Super-classes	LongJourney^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EastAfrica^c

Safe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Safe

Description

An attribute of situations or things or locations that are not Dangerous.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'safe' and sense 2 of 'secure' in WordNet:
       1. (26) safe - (free from danger or the risk of harm;
         'a safe trip'; 'you will be safe here'; 'a safe place'; 'a safe bet')
      WN adj. 'secure'
       2. (2) secure - (free from danger or risk; 'secure from harm';
          'his fortune was secure'; 'made a secure place for himself in his field')

Super-classes RiskFree^c

Safely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Safely

Description

''Safely'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify ''Action''s to indicate that behavior was performed in a 'safe' manner.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'safely' in WordNet:
           1. (6) safely - (with safety; in a safe manner; 'we are safely out of there')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Safeness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Safeness`
Description	''Safeness'' is the ' ''PersistentState'' of some situation, object, or location that is''Safe''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'safeness' in WordNet: 1. safeness - (the quality of being safe)`
Super-classes	Quality^c Action^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Safe^c

Safety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Safety`
Description	A PersistentState characterized as the absence of danger (the absence of a DangerousSituation). This state is only relative to certain Objects that can be harmed - other objects might not be safe in the same situation. @ToDo: need to specify the object(s) that are 'safe'?? (''hasSubjectOfState''). This corresponds to sense 1 of 'safety', including WN sense 1 of 'security' in WordNet: 1. (13) safety - (the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions; 'insure the safety of the children'; 'the reciprocal of safety is risk') WN sense 1 of 'security' 1. (304) security - (the state of being free from danger or injury; 'we support the armed services in the name of national security')
Super-classes	PhysicalSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Safe^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value DangerousSituation^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Safe^c

SafetyPin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SafetyPin

Description

A Pin that is curved around in a roughly oval shape (in contrast to a StraightPin) and has a head so that the sharp end of the Pin is not exposed when it is used as intended; a type of fastener often used to attach things to a piee of cloth.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'safety pin' in WordNet:
     1. safety pin - (a pin in the form of a clasp; has a guard so 
        the point of the pin will not stick the user)

Super-classes Fastener^c
ClosedLoopObject^c
CurvedObject^c
Pin^c

SafetySeatBelt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SafetySeatBelt

Description

Seat belts used in airplanes, cars and other transportation vehicles, to secure one in their seat, as a safety measure. The seat belts on infant seats, baby strollers, etc., are included in this unit.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seat belt' in WordNet:
            1. seat belt, seatbelt - (a safety belt used in a car or plane 
              to hold you in your seat in case of an accident)

Super-classes MechanicalDevice^c
VehiclePart^c
ManufacturedGoods^c

Saffron^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saffron

Description

Spice derived from the pistil of crocuses, used in cooking, i.e. to spice up rice dishes.

       Condiment? Spice? Seasoning?

       RHW: 2. an orange-colored condiment consisting of its dried stigmas,
            used to color and flavor foods.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'saffron' in WordNet:
          2. saffron - (dried pungent stigmas of the Old World saffron crocus)

Super-classes Spice^c
Condiment^c

Saga^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saga

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saga' in WordNet:
          1. (2) saga - (a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family;
             originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families 
             that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative 
             that resembles such an account)

Super-classes AdventureStory^c

Sage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sage`
Description	A 'Sage' is a subtype of 'Person', one having 'Wiseness', the abilty to reach sound conclusions in various situations, social and otherwise. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sage'in WordNet (no other word seems to fit the notion of a 'wise person': in WordNet: 1. (1) sage - (a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Wiseness^c knows^op value Wisdom^c

Sagging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sagging`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sag' in WordNet: 1. (5) sag, droop, swag, flag - (droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness)`
Super-classes	ShapeChange^c

Sagittal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sagittal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sagittal' in Wordnet: 1. sagittal - (located in a plane that is parallel to the central plane of the sagittal suture)`
Super-classes	BodyLocationAttribute^c

Sail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sail`
Description	The sail of a sailboat, sailboard, or other wind-powered transportation vehicle. `In Cyc called 'Sail-Device' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sail' in WordNet: 1. (1) sail, canvas, canvass, sheet - - (a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel)`
Super-classes	FabricObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c HumanScaleObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Sailboat^c
Sub-classes	TopSail^c MainSail^c ForeSail^c

Sailboat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sailboat`
Description	COSMO note: this includes sailing vessels of any size, not just small ones. Cyc: Boats powered mainly by lift or push from wind passing over or into their sails. Includes but is not limited to WordNet sense 1 of 'sailboat' - in COSMO a sailboat can be of any size; includes sense 1 of 'sailing ship' and part of sense 1 of 'boat' in WordNet: 1. sailboat, sailing boat - (a small sailing vessel; usually with a single mast) WN 'boat': 1. (14) boat - (a small vessel for travel on water) WN 'sailing ship': 1. sailing vessel, sailing ship - (a vessel that is powered by the wind; often having several masts)
Super-classes	WindPoweredDevice^c Boat^c Watercraft-Surface^c Vessel^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Sail^c uses^op value Rigging^c
Sub-classes	SailingShip^c

Sailing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sailing`
Description	'Sailing' is the Action of controlling a sail-powered boat - whether large or small. Participating in the control, as a crew member, counts as an instance of this type, but just being a passenger does not. For traveling in a sail-powered boat, whether as passenger or crew member, use 'RidingInaSailboat'. In order for an agent to be 'Sailing' the agent must be in the boat - remote control is not included; therefore each instance of 'Sailing' is also an instance of 'RidingInaSailboat'. `For the generic sense of 'sailing' meaning to travel on the ocean in a boat (not necessarily a sailboat), use 'SeaVoyage'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sailing' in WordNet, and part of verb sense 1 of 'sail': in WordNet: 1. (2) seafaring, navigation, sailing - (the work of a sailor) WN verb 'sail': 1. (13) sail - - (traverse or travel by ship on (a body of water); 'We sailed the Atlantic'; 'He sailed the Pacific all alone')`
Super-classes	ControllingATransportationDevice^c RidingInaSailboat^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some Sailboat^c

SailingShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SailingShip`
Description	A large sailing vessel, having more than one sail. `in WordNet: WN 'sailing ship': 1. sailing vessel, sailing ship - (a vessel that is powered by the wind; often having several masts)`
Super-classes	Sailboat^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Rigging^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Sail^c
Sub-classes	Frigate-SailingShip^c ClipperShip^c Galleon^c Schooner^c

Sailor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sailor`
Description	Each Sailor is a Person (male or female) who (at the time of reference) is formally considered a member of the crew (at any level of authority) of some vessel, which is a ship. `CYC: 'CrewMemberOnShip'. SUMO: The class of Positions which involve working on a ship, whether a merchant ship or a navy ship. NOTE: for Male sailors Navy or civilian use subtype ''Seaman''. NOTE: for Navy men crew members specifically use subtype ''NavyMan''. Corresponds to (but includes females) noun senses 1 of 'sailor' in WordNet: 1. (3) sailor, crewman - (any member of a ship's crew)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c SkilledWorker^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Ship^c isaMemberOf^op value ShipCrew^c
Sub-classes	BoatCaptain^c Seaman^c DeckHand^c Helmsman^c

SailorCap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SailorCap`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sailor cap' in WordNet: 1. sailor cap - (a cap worn by sailors)`
Super-classes	Cap^c

Saint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saint`
Description	A ''Saint'' is a ''HolyPerson'' who has died and has been formally 'canonized' (formally declared to be a ''Saint'') by some religious authority, most commonly by the Roman Catholic Church.. Many Religious people assume that the soul of a ''Saint'' survives death, and they may direct prayers to the ''Saint'' to request their spiritual help in achieving something. `CYC: An individual especially recognized within a religion for his/her holiness, intuitive religious understanding, visions, good works (including miracles, in Roman Catholicism), martyrdom or other evidence of close relation to God. Interestingly, one is often not recognized as a saint until after one dies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saint' in WordNet: 1. (3) saint - (a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization)`
Super-classes	HolyPerson^c
Restrictions	hasVitalityAttribute^op value Dead^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Saintly^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SantaClaus

Saintliness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saintliness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saintliness' in WordNet: 1. saintliness - (the quality of resembling a saint)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Saintly^c

Saintly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saintly

Description

      NOTE: some of these terms might be in different synsets. @ToDo.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'saintly' in Wordnet:
        1. angelic, angelical, beatific, saintlike, saintly, sainted -
           (marked by utter benignity; resembling or befitting an angel or saint; 
           'angelic beneficence'; 'a beatific smile'; 'a saintly concern for his fellow men';
           'my sainted mother')

Super-classes Holy^c

Sake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sake`
Description	A ''Sake'' is a kind of ''Benefit'' that is perceived as one (perhaps of several) motivation for an agent to act. People may do things 'for the sake of X' where X can be another agent's well-being, or some Situation that is considered a ''GoodThing'' by the agent doing the action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sake' in WordNet: 1. (10) sake, interest - (a reason for wanting something done; 'for your sake'; 'died for the sake of his country'; 'in the interest of safety'; 'in the common interest')`
Super-classes	Benefit^c
Restrictions	isaPurposeOf^op some Action^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Helpful^c

Salad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salad`
Description	A ''FoodObject'' that is a mixture (informal use - not a substance) consisting of at least one ''VegetableFoodObject'' and some qantity of ''SaladDressing''. A ''Salad'' is a ''CourseOfAMeal'' (though sometimes eaten as the only part of a Meal), that consists mostly of vegetables, though sometimes meat is added. The 'salads' like chicken salad and ham salad and Tuna saladthat consist mostly of meat or fish with mayonnaise and other taste enhancers are not included here - perhaps 'MayonnaiseBasedSalad' ?? `Perhaps a generic SaladSubstance could be defined?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salad' in WordNet: 1. (1) salad - (food mixtures either arranged on a plate or tossed and served with a moist dressing; usually consisting of or including greens)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c CourseOfAMeal^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value VegetableFoodObject^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value SaladDressing^c

SaladDressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaladDressing`
Description	NOTE that OliveOil could be used as a dressing - but in that case it would be a Role - so at 'OliveOIl' the relation ''mayFillTheRoleOf'' is used. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dressing' in WordNet: 1. dressing, salad dressing - (savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type)`
Super-classes	Sauce^c
Sub-classes	Vinaigrette^c FrenchDressing^c

Salamander^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salamander`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salamander' in WordNet: 1. (1) salamander - (any of various typically terrestrial amphibians that resemble lizards and that return to water only to breed)`
Super-classes	Amphibian^c
Sub-classes	Newt^c

Salami^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salami

Description

a salty sausage - often used as luncheon meat.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salami' in WordNet:
        1. salami - (highly seasoned fatty sausage of pork and beef usually dried)

Super-classes Sausage^c

SaleEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaleEvent`
Description	A SaleEvent is an instance of 'Selling' in which the seller reduces the price of one or more items from some previous higher price, usually for some limited period of time. This is not an instance of 'Selling', but in essence an offering to sell, at a presumed discounted price, over some period of time. A 'SaleEvent' tends to cause people to buy more than otherwise, so is related to 'Buying' by the 'causes' (i.e.often causes) relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'sale' in WordNet: WN 'sale': 4. (25) sale, cut-rate sale, sales event - - (an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices; 'they held a sale to reduce their inventory'; 'I got some great bargains at their annual sale')`
Super-classes	BuyingRelatedActivity^c OfferingForSale^c
Restrictions	causes^op some Buying^c

Sales^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sales`
Description	'I'Sales'' is the total of ''PaymentAmounts;; received as ''Income'' that are received in some particular time interval by an enterprise (business) due to ''Selling'' some product or service, without any offsets or deductions for costs of operation `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sales' in WordNet: 1. gross sales, gross revenue, sales - (income (at invoice values) received for goods and services over some given period of time)`
Super-classes	Revenue^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gross-NoDeductions^c isTheResultOf^op value Selling^c

SalesActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalesActivity`
Description	CYC: A collection of actions and a specialization of #$BusinessEvent and #$CommercialActivity. Each instance of #$SalesActivity is an action performed in an effort to achieve a sale to a second agent. Examples of #$SalesActivity include #$Advertising, telemarketing, showing samples and/or actual products to customers in a show room or a store. Instances of #$SalesActivity which are successful lead to corresponding instances of #$Buying. Note: #$SalesActivity does NOT include manufacturing, accounting, and other such ancillary business activities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'selling' in WordNet: 1. (9) selling, merchandising, marketing - (the exchange of goods for an agreed sum of money)`
Super-classes	CommercialActivity^c AttemptingActivity^c
Sub-classes	OfferingToBuy^c OfferingForSale^c Selling^c

SalesPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalesPerson`
Description	A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$SalesPerson is someone whose principal job activity is negotiating with potential buyers, finding out what they want, describing what is available, taking orders, etc. This collection includes door-to-door salespeople, Avon reprentatives, new and used car salespeople, sales representatives for the product lines of large industrial companies, and store clerks working on a sales commission. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salesperson' in Wordnet: 1. salesperson, sales representative, sales rep - (a person employed to represent a business and to sell its merchandise (as to customers in a store or to customers who are visited))`
Super-classes	Vendor^c BusinessPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SellingActivity^c
Sub-classes	CarSalesPerson^c RetailSalesClerk^c Salesman^c

Salesman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salesman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salesman' in WordNet: 1. (20) salesman - (a man salesperson)`
Super-classes	Man^c SalesPerson^c

Salient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salient`
Description	An attribute of things - events, properties, or objects - that are worthy of paying attention to because they are often (but not always) important or at least interesting to intelligent agents. This is an attribute that can be used to mark things that an agent should keep in mind. No WN adj sense for 'standout'; in RHW the adj def is: outstanding; superior. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'salient' in Wordnet: 1. (3) outstanding, prominent, salient, spectacular, striking - (having a quality that thrusts itself into attention; 'an outstanding fact of our time is that nations poisoned by anti semitism proved less fortunate in regard to their own freedom'; 'a new theory is the most prominent feature of the book'; 'salient traits'; 'a spectacular rise in prices'; 'a striking thing about Picadilly Circus is the statue of Eros in the center'; 'a striking resemblance between parent and child')
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Harmful^c Innocent^c Evil^c Pleasant^c Extraordinary^c Pronounced^c Reigning^c Unpleasant^c Primary^c PrizeWinning^c FarOut^c Interesting^c Meaningful^c Idiosyncratic^c Famous^c Inauspicious^c TheWorst^c Urgent^c Meritorious^c Helpful^c Extreme-Quantitative^c Risky^c Beautiful^c High-Profile^c MostDifficult^c BrilliantlyColored^c Remarkable^c Shocking^c Memorable^c Cardinal^c Secondary^c Lurid^c Nonsensical^c TheBest^c Regal^c Eminent^c Guilty^c Salutary^c Beneficial^c Conspicuous^c Prominent^c ColorfullyInteresting^c RiskFree^c AtRisk^c EmergingIntoExistence^c Alienish^c Grotesque^c Insignificant^c Notorious^c Significant^c Spectacular^c Unknown^c

SalientBadEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalientBadEvent`
Description	An Event which is sufficiently harmful to someone to be of interest to the builder or user of the ontology - a subjective judgment.
Super-classes	UndesirableThing^c Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c
Sub-classes	ViolatingAnObligation^c DeteriorationEvent^c UnpleasantBodyEvent^c

SalientBookPage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalientBookPage`
Description	A ''SalientBookPage'' is a ''BookPage''that is of sufficient interest to a reader to cause that reader to put a ''Bookmark'' at that page.
Super-classes	BookPage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Interesting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c

SalientCharacteristic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalientCharacteristic`
Description	A salient and distinguishing AttributeValue.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c

SalientEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalientEvent`
Description	A ''SalientEvent'' is an ''Event'' that is in some way notable, and worthy of comment. This is very broad. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incident' in WordNet: 1. (22) incident - (a single distinct event)`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c
Sub-classes	Episode^c Outbreak^c Spectacle^c

SalientGoodEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalientGoodEvent`
Description	An Event which is sufficiently beneficial to someone to be of interest to the builder or user of the ontology - a subjective judgment..
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c

SalientPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalientPart`
Description	Each ''SalientPart'' is a proper part of a Thing (of any type) that has some characteristic(s) or attribute(s) that would cause a ''IntentionalAgent'' to notice it, i.e. would draw the attention of an ''IntentionalAgent''. `It should have a 'SalientCharacteristic' Example: ''highlight'' is ''Highlighted''`
Super-classes	Part^c
Sub-classes	Highlight^c

SalientThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalientThing`
Description	An Event or object which is unusual enough to warrant attention when it is noticed. `This is very broad: examples are Landmarks.`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c
Sub-classes	AttractiveThing^c NecessaryThing^c DangerousThing^c Landmark^c MythicalPlace^c Cathedral^c

Saline^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saline

Description

This sense of 'Saline'' characterizes aqueous solutions having some noticeable concentration of dissolved ''SodiumChloride'' (table salt).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'saline' in Wordnet:
          1. saline - (containing salt; 'a saline solution'; 'salty tears')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Saliva^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saliva`
Description	CYC: The fluid secreted from the salivary glands of the mouth. This is the substance that is expelled in ''Spitting''. `NOTe that 'spit' is a synonm, though it may be used in the sense of the substance after being spit from the mouth. Leave as synonm for now, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saliva' and sense 2 of 'spit' in WordNet: 1. (2) saliva, spit, spittle - (a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches)`
Super-classes	ExcretionSubstance^c AqueousSolution^c BodyFluid^c Secretion-Bodily^c AnimalSubstance^c
Restrictions	wasEmittedByEvent^op value Salivating^c

Salivating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salivating`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Salivating event, an #$Animal secretes #$Saliva from its #$SalivaryGlands. #$Salivating is a natural bodily function, occurring in the #$Mouth. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'salivate' in WordNet: 1. (1) salivate - (produce saliva; 'We salivated when he described the great meal') WN noun 'salivation': 1. salivation - (the secretion of saliva)`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c SecretionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Saliva^c

Salmon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salmon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salmon' in WordNet: 1. (1) salmon - (any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn)`
Super-classes	Fish^c

SalmonColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalmonColor`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'salmon' in WordNet: 1. pink-orange, pinkish-orange, salmon - (of orange tinged with pink)`
Super-classes	Pinkish^c

SalmonellaTyphosa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SalmonellaTyphosa`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Salmonella typhosa' in WordNet: 1. typhoid bacillus, Salmonella typhosa, Salmonella typhi - (a form of salmonella that causes typhoid fever)`
Super-classes	PathogenicBacterium^c LivingBiologicalAgent^c Bacillus^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value TyphoidFever^c

Salon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salon

Description

A ''Salon'' is a subype of ''ArtGallery'' in WN. The distinction is not clear. This type reproduces the WN hierarchy.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salon' in WordNet:
         1. (2) salon - (gallery where works of art can be displayed)

Super-classes ArtGallery^c

Salsa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salsa`
Description	"Onions-Foodstuff" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salsa' in WordNet: 1. salsa - (spicy sauce of tomatoes and onions and chili peppers to accompany Mexican foods)
Super-classes	TomatoBasedSauce^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot-Spicy^c hasComponentSubstance^op value ChiliPeppers^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Onions^c

Salt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salt`
Description	A substance in which an acidic hydrogen has been replaced by a metal ion, or another positive ion (such as ammonium) that behaves somewhat like a metal ion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salt' in WordNet: 1. (26) salt - - (a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal))`
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Sub-classes	InorganicSalt^c

SaltLake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaltLake`
Description	A lake with an unusually high concentration of salts , such as the Great Salt lake or the Dead Sea.
Super-classes	Lake^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water-Saline^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GreatSaltLake http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeadSea

SaltShaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaltShaker`
Description	A container for storing and dispensing table salt. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salt shaker' in WordNet: 1. saltshaker, salt shaker - (a shaker with a perforated top for sprinkling salt)`
Super-classes	ShakerDispenser^c FoodVessel^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value TableSalt^c

SaltWaterArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaltWaterArea`
Description	A SUMO term approximately equivalent to 'BodyOfSaltWater'. For spatial regions coinciding with bodies of water, use 'WaterRegion'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Salted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salted

Description

''Salted'' is the attribute of a ''FoodObject'' that has been seasoned with ''TableSalt''.

         The only WN sense of 'salted' is the sense of curing in brine.
         RHW has a sense that includes this intended sense:
            'seasoned, cured, or otherwise treated with salt.'

Super-classes SeasonedWithSeasoning^c

SaltingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaltingFood`
Description	''SaltingFood'' is the Action of ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' in which the substance scattered is ''TableSalt'' and the destination is a ''FoodObject''. The requirement that something that is ''Salted'' be ''SaltyTasting'' suggests that adding a minimal quantity of salt, insufficient to change the taste, would not qualify as an instance of this Action. `MWD: to preserve, season, or feed with salt Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'salt' in WordNet: 1. (1) salt - (add salt to)`
Super-classes	ScatteringGranularStuff^c SeasoningFood^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some GranularSubstanceType^c hasEndingPlace^op some (FoodObject^c or FoodObjectType^c) hadThingAffected^op value Taste^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value SaltyTasting^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Salted^c hadObjectMoved^op value TableSalt^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Salted^c

SaltyTasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaltyTasting`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'salty' in Wordnet: 3. salty, salt - (one of the four basic taste sensations; like the taste of sea water)`
Super-classes	TasteAttribute^c

Salubrious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salubrious`
Description	Includes adjective sense 1 of 'salubrious' and sense 1 of 'healthful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) healthy, salubrious, good for you - (promoting health; healthful; 'a healthy diet'; 'clean healthy air'; 'plenty of healthy sleep'; 'healthy and normal outlets for youthful energy'; 'the salubrious mountain air and water'- C.B.Davis; 'carrots are good for you') WN adj 'healthful': 1. (2) healthful - (conducive to good health of body or mind; 'a healthful climate'; 'a healthful environment'; 'healthful nutrition'; 'healthful sleep'; 'Dickens's relatively healthful exuberance')
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Nutritious^c

Salutary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salutary

Description

'Salutary'' is an attribute of situations, or events or Actions that can at least potentially improve the financial or physical or emotional well being of some Agent.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'salutary' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) beneficial, good, salutary -
            (tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health;
            'beneficial effects of a balanced diet'; 'a good night's sleep'; 
            'the salutary influence of pure air')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c
Useful^c
Salient^c
Good^c

Saluting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saluting`
Description	CYC: A gesture indicating respect. In the US Military, placing the index finger side of the flattened right hand to the brow is the salute used. `NOte: this is a subtpe of ''Touching'' because the hand of the saluter touches his/her head as part of the gesture. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'salute' in WordNet: 6. salute, present - (recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation; assume a prescribed position; 'When the officers show up, the soldiers have to salute')`
Super-classes	Touching^c MakingAGesture^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value Head^c expressesMentalState^op value Respect^c hasBodypartMoved^op value Arm^c

Salvation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Salvation`
Description	''Salvation'' is a specifically religious type of ''Rescuing'' in which a Person (or its soul) is redeemed/delivered/preserved/saved/rescued from the potential punishment (the eternal damnation of Hell inflicted by God on those who have displeased Him by sinning. This causes a Person/soul to lie eternally in Heaven in a state of eternal ''Bliss''. This is the act of Salvation; the resulting state is represented as ''EternalLife'' but should be ''EternalBliss''. This is a religious concept prominent among Christian believers, though eternal damnation is not considered likely by all believers. NOTE: this sense of 'salvation' is for the avoidance of damnation at the time of death and after. avoiding sins while a Person is stil alive would be a different concept. RHW:4. Theol. deliverance from the power and penalty of sin; redemption. What a Person must do (if anything) to merit this boon is vigorously debated among Christian subgroups. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salvation' in WordNet: 1. (10) redemption, salvation - ((Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil) WN verb 'save': 7. (2) deliver, redeem, save - (save from sins)
Super-classes	Rescuing^c Saving^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Bliss^c prevents^op value Damnation^c isPerformedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GodTheCreator^c hasDirectObject^op some Soul^c hadAgentHelped^op some (Person^c or Soul^c or PersonType^c or GroupOfPeople^c or GroupType^c) causes^op value EternalLife^c hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value Damnation^c

Samarium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Samarium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of samarium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'samarium' in WordNet:
          1. samarium, Sm, atomic number 62 - 
             (a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; 
             is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
RareEarthElement^c

Same^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Same

Description

'Same' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that is used to compare attributes of individuals (including appearance or class or type membership) that are close in value, though the individuals are different (not identical). 'Same' implies a degree of similarity in some attribute such that the 'Same' attributes are almost indistinguishable on casual observation; so this is more specific than 'Similarity'. For asserting that two different descriptions refer to the same individual, use 'Identical'.

   NOTE:  This is for qualitative attributes; for quantiative comparisons,the
    attribute ''Equal'' should be used.

  'never made the same mistake twice' is represented as 'Same' rather than
  'Identical' because the
    mistakes are (or would be) different Events ' this means 'the same
    type of mistake'..

  This corresponds approximately to (parts of) adjective senses 2 and 3 of
     'same' and sense 1 of 'identical' in WordNet:
     2. (80) same - - (closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity
         or degree; 'curtains the same color as the walls'; 'two girls of the same age';
         'mother and son have the same blue eyes'; 'animals of the same species';
         'the same rules as before'; 'two boxes having the same dimensions'; 
         'the same day next year')
     3. (20) like, equal, equivalent, same - - (equal in amount or value; 
         'like amounts'; 'equivalent amounts'; 'the same amount'; 
         'gave one six blows and the other a like number'; 'an equal number'; 
         'the same number')
     WN 'identical':
       1. (12) identical, indistinguishable - - (exactly alike;
          incapable of being perceived as different; 'rows of identical houses'; 
          'cars identical except for their license plates'; 'they wore indistinguishable hats')

Super-classes Equivalent^c

Same-Sex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Same-Sex`
Description	''Same-Sex'' is the attribute of a ''Same-SexCouple'' and of any other Group of Animals that are of the same sex.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Same-SexCouple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Same-SexCouple`
Description	A ''Same-SexCouple'' is a ''Pair'' of people who have the same sex: two males or two females.
Super-classes	CoupleOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	TwoFemalePeople^c TwoMalePeople^c

SamoyedDog^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SamoyedDog

Description

CYC: A collection of medium-sized, usually white, biscuit, or cream colored dogs with dark eyes.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'samoyed' in WordNet:
          3. Samoyed, Samoyede - (Siberian breed of white or cream dog of the spitz family)

Super-classes WorkingDog^c

SampleOfSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SampleOfSubstance`
Description	A ''SampleOfSubstance'' is an ''ObjectConsistingOfSubstance'' that is taken from a larger ''ObjectConsistingOfSubstance'' as a representative portion that can allow testing to determine some property(s) of that larger ''ObjectConsistingOfSubstance''. This includes a 'taste' of wine to determine if it is satisfactory for consumption, and a ''ClinicalSpecimen'' taken for testing in a ''HealthCareEvent''. `Approximately includes both noun senses 1 and 3 of 'sample' in WordNet, though the WN glosses are somewhat ambiguous = this is not necesarily a 'natural' object, it could be artifactual, such as a sample of some substance prepared for commercial use.: in WordNet: 1. (59) sample - (a small part of something intended as representative of the whole) 3. sample - (all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class)`
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c Role^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c
Sub-classes	ClinicalSpecimen^c

Sanctifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanctifying`
Description	A Religious Rite that declares something ''Holy''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sanctify' in WordNet: 1. consecrate, bless, hallow, sanctify - (render holy by means of religious rites)`
Super-classes	Pronouncement^c Rite^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op some Holy^c isPerformedBy^op value Authority^c

Sanctimonious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanctimonious

Description

An AttributeValue of People who believe they are better or holier than others they are addressing.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sanctimonious' in Wordnet:
       1. holier-than-thou, pietistic, pietistical, pharisaic, pharisaical, sanctimonious,
           self-righteous - (excessively or hypocritically pious; 
           'a sickening sanctimonious smile')

Super-classes Arrogant^c

Sanction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanction

Description

    Corresponds to noun sense 1  of 'sanction' in WordNet:
      1. (2) sanction, countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur - 
      (formal and explicit approval; 'a Democrat usually gets the union's endorsement')

Super-classes InformationObject^c
Permission^c

Sanctioning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanctioning`
Description	''Sanctioning'' is a form of 'ExpressingApproval'' in which one IntelligentAgent who could prevent or hinder an action by a second ''IntelligentAgent'' informs the second agent that the action can be performed without the first agents's interference, or in some cases, with the first agent's assistance. `NOTE that this is almos the opposite of the alternative sense of 'sanction', being a punishment for doing something not approved. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sanction' in WordNet: 1. (6) approve, O.K., okay, sanction - (give sanction to; 'I approve of his educational policies')`
Super-classes	GrantingPermission^c LinguisticCommunication^c ExpressingApproval^c Informing^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Sanction^c

Sanctuary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanctuary

Description

A ''Sanctuary'' is a ''Refuge'' (safe place) that is a Structure.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'refuge' in WordNet:
         3. refuge, sanctuary, asylum - (a shelter from danger or hardship)

Super-classes Refuge^c
ShelterConstruction^c

Sand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sand`
Description	In Cyc called 'SandMob'. Note that 'sand' is a granular natural mineral usually derived from rocks, but the composition can vary widely. On Pacific islands, the white sand may be derived from pulverized coral, but more typically 'Sand' is largely made of quartz. Ground glass made of pellets, even if of the of the proper grain size, would not be natural and would not be included in this type. `Cyc: An instances of #$TangibleStuffStateType, and a specialization of #$Soil-Generic. Each instance of #$SandMob is a portion of loose granular material that results from the disintegration of rocks, consisting of particles smaller than gravel but coarser than silt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sand' in WordNet: 1. (10) sand - (a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral)`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c LandStuff^c NaturalTangibleStuff^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Quartz^c

SandBox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SandBox`
Description	A ''SandBox'' is an open-top shallow box-like container filled with ''Sand'' in which a child can play.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sandbox' in WordNet: 2. sandbox, sandpile - (plaything consisting of a pile of sand or a box filled with sand for children to play in)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c OpenTopContainer^c Plaything^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet^dp value 4.0^c hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 90.0^c hasShape^op value RectangularParallelepipedLike^c isDesignedToContain^op value Sand^c isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Child^c

SandDune^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SandDune`
Description	A 'SandDune' is a large Pile of Sand that has been arranged into pyramidal or ridge shapes by the force of the wind. This is a ''Drift'' that was caused by a ''Drifting'' Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dune' in WordNet: 1. (1) dune, sand dune - (a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans)`
Super-classes	Drift^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Sand^c

SandTrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SandTrap`
Description	A ''SandTrap'' is a ''GolfCourseHazard'' consisting of a deression filled, with sand where driving the ball is more difficult than on the fairway. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sand trap' in WordNet: 1. bunker, sand trap, trap - (a hazard on a golf course)`
Super-classes	GolfCourseHazard^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value TransportationEvent^c

Sandal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sandal`
Description	CYC: Light shoes worn in warm weather, with strapped upper, without a heel. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandal' in WordNet: 1. (3) sandal - (a shoe consisting of a sole fastened by straps to the foot)`
Super-classes	Shoe^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Strap^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Casual^c hasPhysicalPart^op value ShoeSole^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Rubber^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Comfortable^c doesNotHavePart^op value ShoeHeel^c
Sub-classes	Flip-Flop^c

Sandglass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sandglass`
Description	Functions by first doing an ''InvertingSomething'' action on the ''Sandglass'' whose container is vertically symmetrical, thus causing the ''GranularSubstance'' that had flowed to the bottom part to be in the top part, and to start flowing to the bottom part. This needs some detailed representation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandglass' in WordNet: 1. sandglass - (timepiece in which the passage of time is indicated by the flow of sand from one transparent container to another through a narrow passage)`
Super-classes	VerticallySymmetricalObject^c Timepiece^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value TimeDuration^c contains^op value GranularSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Hourglass^c

SandingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SandingSomething`
Description	''SandingSomething'' is a ''Smoothening'' action in which ''Sandpaper'' is rubbed on a surface (usually wood) to make it smoother. There are degrees of fineness for the sandpaper, resultng in different degrees of smoothness on the resulting surface. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sand' in WordNet: 1. (2) sandpaper, sand - (rub with sandpaper; 'sandpaper the wooden surface')`
Super-classes	Smoothening^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c AbradingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value SmoothObject^c usesInstrument^op value Sandpaper^c

Sandman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sandman`
Description	A ''Sandman'' (there may be more than one) is a ''Fairy '' (mythical creature) that comes at night and sprinkles sand in person's eye's to make them fall asleep. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandman' in WordNet: 1. sandman - (an elf in fairy stories who sprinkles sand in children's eyes to make them sleepy)`
Super-classes	Fairy^c
Restrictions	causesOrInduces^op value SleepingEvent^c

Sandpaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sandpaper`
Description	''Sandpaper' is any stiff Paper that has a coating of an ''AbrasiveMaterial''. Used for 'sanding' a surface. each sheet has a relatively small number of times it can be used before wearing out. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandpaper' in WordNet: 1. (1) emery paper, sandpaper - (stiff paper coated with powdered emery or sand)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c SheetlikeSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abrasive^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SandingSomething^c hasComponentSubstance^op value AbrasiveMaterial^c

Sandstone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sandstone

Description

A type of stone consisting mostly of grains of ''Sand''. This Stone retains its granular appearance and is not metamorphic.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandstone' in WordNet:
           1. sandstone - (a sedimentary rock consisting of sand consolidated with
              some cement (clay or quartz etc.))

Super-classes AranaceousStone^c

Sandwich^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sandwich`
Description	Two slices of bread, or a split bun or roll, with some other food in the middle, typically meat, cheese, or - in the case of #$ComputerProgrammers - peanut butter and grape jelly. Named after the fourth Earl of Sandwich who, as a habitual gambler, ate them at the gaming table rather than have to interrupt his games. Not surprisingly, he gained a reputation for corruption and bribe-taking in political office. NOTE: this is a subtype of ''ThreeLayeredObject'' - but a generic 'sandwich' could have more layers, as in a 'club sandwich' (5 layers). @ToDo: make it more general. @ToDo: perhaps represent more generally a 'sandwichedObject'?? SUMO: Any Food which consists of two or more pieces of bread and some sort of filling between the two pieces of bread. NOTE: the flling does not have to be meat. This is not for a metaphorical 'sandwich' - use ''ThreeLayeredObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandwich' in Wordnet: 1. (7) sandwich - (two (or more) slices of bread with a filling between them)
Super-classes	PreparedFood^c SolidFoodArtifact^c FingerFood^c ThreeLayeredObject^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoSlicesOfbread^c
Sub-classes	SubmarineSandwich^c Hamburger^c HotDogSandwich^c GyroSandwich^c

Sandy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sandy`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'sandy' in Wordnet: 4. sandy - (abounding in sand; "Florida's sandy beaches")`
Super-classes	Dry^c Granular^c

SandyBeach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SandyBeach`
Description	COSMO note: this is the physical object consisting of sand adjacent to a ''BodyOfWater''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beach' in WordNet: 1. (14) beach - (an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake)`
Super-classes	Beach^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value Sand^c

SandySoil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SandySoil`
Description	A special category to differentiate desert 'soil' from the richer soil in which plants grow well. `Should add some relation about 'richness' (for growth).`
Super-classes	Soil^c
Restrictions	hasSalientSubstance^op value Sand^c

Sane^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sane

Description

The attribute of someone who is experiencing ''Sanity'', i.e. does not have the attribute of'Insane''. nor the AilmentCondition of ''Insanity'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sane' in WordNet:
          1. (2) sane - (mentally healthy; free from mental disorder;
             'appears to be completely sane')

Super-classes Healthy^c
AnimalAttributeValue^c

Sanitariness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanitariness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanitariness' in WordNet: 1. sanitariness - (the state of being conducive to health)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c SystemCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Sanitary^c

Sanitary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanitary`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sanitary' in Wordnet: 1. sanitary, healthful - (free from filth and pathogens; 'sanitary conditions for preparing food'; 'a sanitary washroom')`
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Hygienic^c

SanitaryCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SanitaryCondition`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanitary condition' in WordNet: 1. sanitary condition - (the state of sanitation (clean or dirty))`
Super-classes	SystemCondition^c HavingAnAttribute^c

SanitaryLandfill^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SanitaryLandfill

Description

A ''SanitaryLandfill'' is a ''Landfill'' where garbage (refuse, mostly domestic) has been mixed in with soil and deposited in a ''Lowland'' as a garbage dump. After some time the filling and dumping may cease and the filled-in area may be . used for some other purpose, e.g. as a park or 'industrial park', but not (hopefully) as a residential location.

      NOTE: a ''SanitaryLandfill'' is *not* ''Sanitary'', the term refers to 
        the *intention* of using such a landfill to keep alternative places
        sanitary.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanitary landfill' in WordNet:
         1. sanitary landfill - (a low area where waste is buried between layers of earth)

Super-classes GarbageDump^c
Landfill^c

Sanitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanitation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sanitation' in WordNet: 2. (1) sanitation, sanitization, sanitisation - (making something sanitary (free of germs) as by sterilizing)`
Super-classes	Cleanup^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Sanitary^c

Sanity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sanity`
Description	'Sanity' is the condition of being mentally Healthy - a state of health, which is the absence of any significant abnormal mental function.. `NOTE: that this is a PersistentState, which is a type of Event that has a beginning and ending time. "''Sanity'' typically lasts the lifetime of the person exhibiting it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanity' in WordNet: 1. (1) sanity, saneness - (normal or sound powers of mind)`
Super-classes	Health^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Insanity^c
Sub-classes	Rationality^c

Sap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sap`
Description	''Sap'' is a ''LiquidSubstance'' produced by plants that moves through the vascular conduits of a ''Plant'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sap' in WordNet: 1. sap - (a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant)`
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c Mixture^c Syrup^c AqueousSolution^c
Sub-classes	MapleSap^c

Sapling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sapling`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sapling' in WordNet: 1. (1) sapling - (young tree)`
Super-classes	Tree^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Young^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Low^c

Sapphire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sapphire`
Description	A gem consisting of ''SapphireStuff'. `CYC: 'Sapphire-Gem': #$PreciousStones which are blue in color and translucent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sapphire' in WordNet: 2. sapphire - (a transparent piece of sapphire that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem)`
Super-classes	Gemstone^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SapphireStuff^c

SapphireStuff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SapphireStuff

Description

''"SapphireStuff'' is a blue-colored form of ''AluminumOxide'', the natural variety of which is a form of ''Corundum''. This is the substance; a cut gemstone ''Sapphire'' is made of this stuff.

     NOTE: this includes both natural and synthetic forms; the
      synthetic sapphire and ruby are composed of ''AluminumOxide' melted,
      processed with additives, and solidified..

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sapphire' in WordNet:
        1. sapphire - (a precious transparent stone of rich blue corundum
           valued as a gemstone)

Super-classes Corundum^c
GemStuff^c
AluminumOxide^c

Saprophyte^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saprophyte`
Description	CYC: The collection of heterotrophic plants, fungi, or bacteria that live and feed on dead organic matter. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saprophyte' in WordNet: 1. saprophyte, saprophytic organism - (an organism that feeds on dead organic matter especially a fungus or bacterium)`
Super-classes	Heterotroph^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value DeadOrganism^c

Sarcastic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sarcastic

Description

''Sarcastic'' is an AttributeValue of a LinguisticCommunication that is intended to ridicule or criticise by use of phrases that are not intended to be taken literally.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sarcastic' in WordNet:
          1. (4) sarcastic - (expressing or expressive of ridicule that wounds)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sari^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sari`
Description	A ''Sari'' is a ''Dress'' worn by Hindu women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sari' in WordNet: 1. (1) sari, saree - (a dress worn primarily by Hindu women; consists of several yards of light material that is draped around the body)
Super-classes	OuterGarment^c Dress^c
Restrictions	isMostlyWornBy^op value MuslimWoman^c

Sash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sash`
Description	A ''Sash''can be purely decorative, and need not add support to other clothing items. e.g. subtype ''Cummerbund''. `NOTE that a ''Sash'' is not necessarily worn on the ''Waist''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sash' in WordNet: 2. (1) girdle, cincture, sash, waistband, waistcloth - (a band of material around the waist that strengthens a skirt or trousers)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c ClothingAcessoryBand^c
Restrictions	isSimilarTo^op value Belt-Clothing^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Waist^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ClothingOutfit^c
Sub-classes	Cummerbund^c

Satchel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satchel

Description

Most commonly, a case larger than a briefcase (not much larger) oten used to carry documents, but not restricted to that use.

       RHW: a small bag, sometimes with a shoulder strap.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satchel' in WordNet:
         1. satchel - (luggage consisting of a small case with a flat bottom 
            and (usually) a shoulder strap)

Super-classes PieceOfLuggage^c

SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment

Description

$SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment is a

        specialization of #$WirelessCommunicationDevice.  It is
        equipment that has components that are capable of
        transmitting and receiving satellite communications.
        Compare this constant to #$SatelliteTransmitter and #$SatelliteReceiver.

        COSMO note: in Cyc receiver and transmitter appear to be disjoint,
        but in COSMO they are not, and devices that both
        transmit and receive radio signals are instances
        of both 'Transmitter' and 'RadioReceiver'.

Super-classes RadioReceiver^c
RadioWaveTransmittingDevice^c

SatelliteReceiver^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SatelliteReceiver

Description

Cyc: #$SatelliteReceiver is a specialization of #$WirelessCommunicationDevice. It is the kind of device that is capable of receiving satellite transmissions. Compare this constant to #$SatelliteTransmitter.

      COSMO note: in Cyc this appears to be restricted to
      receivers only, but in COSMO it is not disjoint
      with transmitter.

      NOTE that receiver and transmitter are not disjoint,
      and one device can be both.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satellite receiver' in WordNet:
          1. satellite receiver - (a receiver on a communications satellite)

Super-classes RadioReceiver^c
ManufacturedGoods^c

SatelliteTVBroadcasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SatelliteTVBroadcasting`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$TVBroadcasting events in which the signal is bounced off a satellite into a dish-shaped #$SatelliteTVAntenna connected directly to the #$TelevisionSet on which the images are displayed. Does not include 'satellite feeds' in which a signal is relayed via satellite from a television camera to the broadcast station, and broadcast traditionally from there.
Super-classes	TVBroadcasting^c

SatelliteTransmitter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SatelliteTransmitter

Description

$SatelliteTransmitter is a type of device used to

        broadcast radio or tv signals to or from satellites.
        Compare this constant to #$SatelliteReceiver.

      COSMO note: in Cyc this appears to be restricted to
      receivers only, but in COSMO it is not disjoint
      with transmitter.

      NOTE that receiver and transmitter are not disjoint,
      and one device can be both.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satellite transmitter' in WordNet:
         1. satellite transmitter - (a transmitter on a communications satellite)

Super-classes WirelessCommunicationDevice^c
ManufacturedGoods^c
RadioWaveTransmittingDevice^c

Satiating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satiating`
Description	''Satiating'' is an EatingEvent that satisfies the eater's hunger so that the hunger stops. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'satiate' in WordNet: 1. (1) satiate, sate, replete, fill - (fill to satisfaction; 'I am sated')`
Super-classes	SatisfyingHungerOrThirst^c EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Hunger^c finishes^op value Hunger^c isCausedBy^op value EatingEvent^c

Satin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satin`
Description	A shiny woven fabric. Definitions say that it could be silk, but in common usage it is distinguished from true silk, `RHW: a fabric in a warp-effect or filling-effect satin weave, as acetate, rayon, nylon, or silk, often having a glossy face and a soft, slippery texture. NOTE that it is a subtype of ''Cloth'' meaning that it is woven, not flocked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satin' in WordNet: 1. (1) satin - (a smooth fabric of silk or rayon; has a glossy face and a dull back)`
Super-classes	FibrousSubstance^c Cloth^c OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shiny^c

Satirical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satirical

Description

''Satirical'' is an AttributeValue of a LinguisticCommunication that is intended to ridicule or criticise by use of phrases that are not intended to be taken literally.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'satirical' in WordNet:
           1. (1) satirical, satiric - (exposing human folly to ridicule; 
           'a persistent campaign of mockery by the satirical fortnightly magazine')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Satisfaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satisfaction`
Description	An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Satisfaction is some agent's feeling that at least some of her desires or needs have been met. Instances of #$Satisfaction vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or on the subject experiencing the feeling. Specializations of #$Satisfaction include #$Approval and #$Contentment. COSMO note: the WN distinction between the ''Feeling'' of ''Satisfaction'' and the 'state' of being satisfied is difficult to express,and these are conflated in this type. This feeling can be improved or degraded to produce other levels of the overall mental staet, going to (positive) 'Comfort'', or (egative) ''Discomfort''. @ToDO: relation of transition between mental states? See ''Relieving'' for one. COSMO note: we include the lexical 'contentment', here, but 'Contentment' as a longer-term stasfaction with one's overall position in life is the subtype 'Contented'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'satisfaction', and includes but is broader than sense 1 of 'contentment' in WordNet: 1. (10) satisfaction - - (the contentment you feel when you have done something right; 'the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction') 2. (4) gratification, satisfaction - - (state of being gratified; great satisfaction; 'dull repetitious work gives no gratification'; 'to my immense gratification he arrived on time') WN 'contentment': 1. contentment - (happiness with one's situation in life)
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value SatisfyingaDesire^c
Sub-classes	SexualGratification^c Contentment^c Approval-Emotion^c Pleasure^c FeelingOfFulfillment^c

Satisfactory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satisfactory`
Description	'Satisfactory' is the AttributeValue of things (Objects, Situations) that cause the feeling of Satisfaction, typically implying that the situation has no significant difficulties.. This sense is broad and evaluative includes ''Okay'', the informal term for the attribute value that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is average or slightly better than average, but not quite 'Good'. Also commonly expressed as 'all right' The labels include words that are commonly used in reply to an informal social salutation such as 'How are you?' or 'How are things?'. Answers 'fine','good' 'OK' or For the adverial form use ''okay''. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'satisfactory' and sense 1 of 'fine' and sense 1 of 'all right' and sense 1 of 'ok' an adj senses 1, 3, and 4 of ;acceptable' in WordNet: 1. (14) satisfactory - - (giving satisfaction; 'satisfactory living conditions'; 'his grades were satisfactory') 2. (7) satisfactory, acceptable - (meeting requirements; 'the step makes a satisfactory seat') WN adj 'fine': 1. (5) all right, fine, o.k., ok, okay, hunky-dory - (being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition; 'an all-right movie'; 'the passengers were shaken up but are all right'; 'is everything all right?'; 'everything's fine'; 'things are okay'; 'dinner and the movies had been fine'; 'another minute I'd have been fine') WN adj 'alright': 1. alright - (nonstandard usage) WN adj 'acceptabe': 1. (2) acceptable - (worthy of acceptance or satisfactory; 'acceptable levels of radiation'; 'performances varied from acceptable to excellent') 3. satisfactory, acceptable - (meeting requirements; 'the step makes a satisfactory seat') 4. acceptable - (adequate for the purpose; 'the water was acceptable for drinking')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c GoodnessValue^c
Sub-classes	Acceptable^c

Satisfied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satisfied

Description

COSMO note: in COSMO an AttributeValue; in Cyc 'Satisfied' is a subtype of agent, but that usage is not followed in COSMO. ''Satisfied'' is the attribute of a Person who is pleased at having some need or desire fulfilled. The degree of ''Pleasure' that causes having this attribute can be modest. More formally, 'Satisfied' is the attribute of an IntelligentAgent that is experiencing ''Satisfaction''.

      Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each
        instance is an agent in the emotional state of being
        satisfied. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction
        to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional
        state to some varying degree.

        Includes adjective sense 1 of 'satisfied' and adjective sense 1
          of 'contented' in WordNet:
          1. (11) satisfied - - (filled with satisfaction; 'a satisfied customer')
         WN 'contented':
          1. (3) contented, content - (satisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are;
            'a contented smile')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c
Pleased^c

Satisfying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Satisfying

Description

This ''Satisfying'' is for a meal that is more than enough to supply a day's nutrition..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'satisfying' in Wordnet:
          2. hearty, satisfying, solid, square, substantial - (providing abundant nourishment;
            'a hearty meal'; 'good solid food'; 'ate a substantial breakfast';
            'four square meals a day')

Super-classes SubstanceAttributeValue^c
Nutritious^c
MoreThanEnough^c

SatisfyingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SatisfyingEvent`
Description	Each 'SatisfyingEvent' is an Event that causes some IntelligenAgent to experience Satisfaction. Almost any type of Event can serve as an instance of this type, for some agent. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 2. (8) satisfy, gratify - - (make happy or satisfied)`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Satisfaction^c
Sub-classes	SatisfyingHungerOrThirst^c SatisfyingaDesire^c

SatisfyingHungerOrThirst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SatisfyingHungerOrThirst`
Description	''SatisfyingHungerOrThirst'' is a ''Fulfilling''where the need or want is hunger or thirst. Typically accomplished by eating or drinking. The 'fulfilling' need not be complete for this to apply.
Super-classes	SatisfyingEvent^c SatisfyingaDesire^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Hunger^c
Sub-classes	SlakingaThirst^c Satiating^c

SatisfyingaDesire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SatisfyingaDesire`
Description	''SatisfyingaDesire'' is an Action in which.an agent fulfills and thereby 'satisfies' a ''Desire'' to do something.. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 (transitive and intransitive) of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 2. (8) satisfy, gratify - (make happy or satisfied) WN noun 'satisfaction': 4. satisfaction - (act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite; 'the satisfaction of their demand for better services')`
Super-classes	Fulfilling^c SatisfyingEvent^c RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Satisfaction^c isCausedBy^op value Desire^c
Sub-classes	HumanSexualIntercourse^c Pampering^c SatisfyingHungerOrThirst^c IndulgingaDesire^c

SatisfyingaRequirement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SatisfyingaRequirement`
Description	''SatisfyingaRequirement'' is a 'Fulfilling'' and a ''SuccessfulAction'' in which an attempt at satisfying a 'requirement' to do something that an Agent desires succeeds. This commonly occurs when a person passes a Test in school (subtype ''PassingaTest'') or for some position or qualification for some License (Law or Medicine) `For ''SatisfyingaRequirement'' where something does not have to make any effort to reach the required state, ''BeingQualified'' can be used.`
Super-classes	SuccessfulAction^c Fulfilling^c
Restrictions	causes^op value BeingQualified^c
Sub-classes	PassingaTest^c

Saturated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saturated

Description

An AttributeValue only of ''Solution''s, specifying that the concentation of solute in that solvent is at the maximum value (for that temperature and pressure) allowed by the thermodynamic and chemical properties of the solvent and solute.

        If additional quantity of (e.g. a solid solute) is addedto
          a ''Saturated'' solution, it will not dissolve and the failure to
          dissolve is evidence that the solution is ''Saturated''.
        The concentration of a substance in a liquid when the liquid is saturated with
           that substance is its ''SolubilityValue''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saturated' in WordNet:
           1. (6) saturated, concentrated - (being the most concentrated solution possible 
             at a given temperature; unable to dissolve still more of a substance;
             'a saturated solution')

Super-classes Concentrated^c

SaturatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaturatingSomething`
Description	''SaturatingSomething'' is the act of adding liquid to a ''PorousObject'' to fill the pores with some Liquid. This ''Saturating'' is a result of a ''Permeating'' some solid material with a Liquid, to the point where the object will no longer absorb more of the liquid. `NOTE: the 'saturating' of a liquid with some soluble substance is a different type. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'saturate' in WordNet: 2. impregnate, saturate - (infuse or fill completely; 'Impregnate the cloth with alcohol') WN noun 'saturation': 1. (2) impregnation, saturation - (the process of totally saturating something with a substance; 'the impregnation of wood with preservative'; 'the saturation of cotton with ether') 2. (1) saturation - (the act of soaking thoroughly with a liquid)`
Super-classes	FillingWithFluid^c AddingEvent^c Permeating^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value PorousObject^c hadObjectMoved^op value LiquidObject^c usedSubstance^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c

Saturation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saturation

Description

'Saturation' is the term that specifies how intense or 'saturated' a color is, independent of its ''Hue''. Values of this attribute specify how much white or gray or black are mixed in with the basic color. Thus the combination of hue and saturation gives rise to more specific color names, as in 'dusty rose' (rose with some gray mixed in).

         Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'saturation' in WordNet:
            4. saturation, chroma, intensity, vividness - (chromatic purity:
               freedom from dilution with white and hence vivid in hue)

Super-classes ColorAttribute^c

Saturday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saturday

Description

The Class of all calendar Saturdays. A collection of #$CalendarDays and an instance of #$DayOfWeekType. #$Saturday is the collection of all (and only) saturdays.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saturday' in Wordnet:
         1. (26) Saturday, Sabbatum, Sat - (the seventh and last day of the week; observed 
           as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians)

Super-classes Day^c

Sauce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sauce`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sauce' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sauce - (flavorful relish or dressing or topping served as an accompaniment to food)`
Super-classes	Condiment^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	TartarSauce^c Gravy^c SaladDressing^c Ketchup^c SoySauce^c TomatoBasedSauce^c Pesto^c

Saucepan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saucepan`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saucepan' in WordNet: 1. saucepan - (a deep pan with a handle; used for stewing or boiling)`
Super-classes	CookingVessel^c ManufacturedGoods^c Pan^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c

Saucer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saucer

Description

A piece of ''Tableware'' that is a 'NearlyFlatHolder' similar in shape to a ''Dish' but smaller, of a size (ca. 6 inches wide) suitable for holding a teacup or coffee cup.

     CYC: The small plate-like vessel which is often used
        beneath a teacup.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'saucer' in WordNet:
           2. saucer - (a small shallow dish for holding a cup at the table)

Super-classes NearlyFlatHolder^c
HandSizedObject^c
EatingVessel^c
Tableware^c
HumanOccupationConstructObject^c

Saudi^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saudi`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Saudi' in Wordnet: 1. Saudi-Arabian, Saudi - (of or relating to Saudi Arabia or its people; 'the Saudi-Arabian desert'; 'the Saudi royal family')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

SaudiPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaudiPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saudi' in WordNet: 1. Saudi - (a native or inhabitant of Saudi Arabia)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SaudiArabia^c

Sauerkraut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sauerkraut`
Description	A specialization of #$PickledFood and #$Cabbage-Foodstuff. Each instance of #$Sauerkraut is some finely cut cabbage that has been allowed to ferment in a brine made of its own juice with salt. `Can be a subtye of 'cabbage' (CYC) or prepared from Cabbage- COSMO uses latter. Can one say anything about cabbage that is not true of Sauerkraut? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sauerkraut' in WordNet: 1. sauerkraut - (shredded cabbage fermented in brine)`
Super-classes	CommodityProduct^c PickledFood^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Cabbage-Foodstuff^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Cabbage-Foodstuff^c

Sauna^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sauna`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sauna' in Wordnet: 1. sauna, sweat room - (a Finnish steam bath; steam is produced by pouring water over heated rocks)`
Super-classes	SteamBath^c

Sausage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sausage`
Description	Sausage as a substance, not an individual sausage piece. For a piece of ''Sausage'' use ''SausageObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sausage' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sausage - (highly seasoned minced meat stuffed in casings)`
Super-classes	Meat^c Food^c
Sub-classes	Pepperoni^c Frankfurter^c Bologna^c Salami^c

SausageObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SausageObject`
Description	One piece of ''Sausage'', traditionally stuffed into a casing (any restriction on the material the casing is made from??). Set maximum length as 40 cm, max width 6 cm. Bigger is too bizarre for normal usage.
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c Cylinder^c FoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 6.0^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Sausage^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 40.0^c

Sauteing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sauteing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'saute' in WordNet: 1. (1) saute - (fry briefly over high heat; 'saute the onions')`
Super-classes	Frying^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

Savage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Savage

Description

''Savage'' is a subattribute of ''Feral'' that is the attribute of an Animal is not only ''Feral'' (not domesticated), but also behaves aggressively toward people or other animals.

        Correspond to part of adjective sense 2 of 'savage' in Wordnet:
            1. feral, ferine, savage - (wild and menacing; 'a ferocious dog')

Super-classes Aggressive^c
Feral^c

Savannah^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Savannah`
Description	CYC: Attribute of instances of #$Grassland. Grasses are interspersed with scattered thorn bushes, scrub growth, and/or deciduous trees. Its vegetation map code is (G2). This is represented here as being ''Large'' - i.e. large compared with other ''Grassland''s like ''Meadow'' and ''Pasture''. NOTE: this includes CYC 'SavannahRegion' - distinction unclear: " Instances are instances of #$Grassland found to the north and south of the #$TropicalRainForest regions of South America and central Africa and around the desert fringes of Australia. Grasses are interspersed with scattered thorn bushes or deciduous trees. " Source: The Times Atlas of the World (1995). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'savannah' in WordNet: 3. savanna, savannah - (a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions)
Super-classes	Grassland^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Savant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Savant`
Description	A ''Savant'' is a ''Scholar'' with a level of knowledge greater or deeper than that of a ''Scholar''. Not just ''Scholarly' but 'Learned'' as well. `NOTE: 'initiate' is used more often for initiation into some formal or semi-formal society, or for a 'beginner' into some field and is not common for this concept. This represents RHW 'pundit': 1. a learned person, expert, or authority. Corresponds to part (very knowledgeable, not just 'initiated') of noun sense 1 of 'savant' in WordNet: 1. initiate, learned person, pundit, savant - (someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field)`
Super-classes	Scholar^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Learned^c
Sub-classes	Polymath^c

Saver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saver`
Description	A ''Saver''is a ''Person'' who tends to save his/her money rather than spend it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'saver' in WordNet: 2. saver - (someone who saves (especially money))`
Super-classes	Owner^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SavingMoney^c
Sub-classes	Miser^c Cheapskate^c

Saving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saving`
Description	'Saving' something is a more specific type of 'Protecting' in which an Object or Agent was in danger of being destroyed or killed, and was preserved from that serious damage by the 'Saving' action. This is not 'saving' as in saving money (see ''SavingForFutureUse'' or ''SavingMoney''), but keeping something from serious harm. The something can be an object (saved his house form the fire) or an Organism. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 3 (hard to distinguish) of 'save' in WordNet: 1. (41) salvage, salve, relieve, save - - (save from ruin, destruction, or harm) 3. (4) save, carry through, pull through, bring through - (bring into safety; 'We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack')`
Super-classes	Protecting^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some DangerousSituation^c
Sub-classes	Rescuing^c Salvation^c

SavingForFutureUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SavingForFutureUse`
Description	'SavingForFutureUse' is an Action in which an agent refrains from using some Object that may be consumed or worn by use. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'save' in WordNet: 2. (16) save, preserve - - (to keep up and reserve for personal or special use; 'She saved the old family photographs in a drawer') WN noun 'saving': 3. preservation, saving - (the activity of protecting something from loss or danger)`
Super-classes	Protecting^c
Sub-classes	Reserving^c SavingMoney^c Conservation^c

SavingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SavingMoney`
Description	'SavingMoney' is an Action in which an agent places some quantity of MOney for future use,or as a precaution against need.. `Corresponds most closely to verb sense 5 of 'save' in WordNet: 5. (4) save, lay aside, save up - (feather one's nest; have a nest egg; 'He saves half his salary')`
Super-classes	Reserving^c SavingForFutureUse^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Savings^c hasThingProtected^op value MoneyObject^c

Savings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Savings`
Description	Each 'Savings' is a quantity of money saved (in any currency), whether in cash or some liquid asset (or portfolio of assets) convertible to cash. This type is a subtype of Object, and can behave like an Object in transfers of Money; it is one of the domains of 'hadObjectMoved'. `NOTE that in Wordnet this is a subtype of 'money', but WN does not distinguish between substance-like money and a sum of money Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'savings'in WordNet: 1. (3) savings, nest egg - (a fund of money put by as a reserve)`
Super-classes	Fund^c
Sub-classes	RetirementSavings^c

SavingsAccount^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SavingsAccount

Description

A BankAccount that does not allow demand withdrawals as does a checking account. (If the old rules still apply, this would be disjoint with ''CheckingAccount'' - but rules can change.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'savings account' in WordNet:
        1. savings account - (a bank account that accumulates interest)

Super-classes BankAccount^c

Savoring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Savoring

Description

Any instance of intentionally tasting something to test or savor its flavor, performed in an unorganized or organized setting. This can be done alone, while cooking,or in a group, as at a ''Wine Tasting'' (a party or at a Winery).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'savoring' in WordNet:
         1. tasting, savoring, savouring, relishing, degustation - 
            (taking a small amount into the mouth to test its quality; 
            'cooking was fine but it was the savoring that he enjoyed most')

Super-classes TastingDeliberately^c

Saw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saw`
Description	A ''Saw'' is an ''HardwareTool'' used for cutting something, having a serrated (toothed) blade that cuts by being drawn over the surface of the work. This can be a unpowered hand saw, a hack saw, a band saw, or a rotary saw of any size. A ''PowerSaw'' is a subtype. `Corresponds to noun senses 2 of 'saw' in Wordnet: 2. saw - (hand tool having a toothed blade for cutting)`
Super-classes	CuttingDevice^c HardwareTool^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SawingSomething^c
Sub-classes	PowerSaw^c HandSaw^c

SawHorse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SawHorse

Description

This is the collection of all #$SawHorses -- #$Tools used primarily in pairs by #$Carpenters to prop up pieces of wood to be cut, stained, painted, etc. #$SawHorses are usually constructed out of five wooden boards (four of which are the same length) and two connecting clamps, giving them a 'stick-figure' #$Horse appearance.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sawhorse' in WordNet:
            1. (1) sawhorse, horse, sawbuck, buck - (a framework for holding wood that is being sawed)

Super-classes Framework^c
NonPoweredDevice^c

Sawdust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sawdust`
Description	Small particles of Wood produced by . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sawdust' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sawdust - (fine particles of wood made by sawing wood)`
Super-classes	Powder^c GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value SawingWood^c

SawingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SawingSomething`
Description	''SawingSomething'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts through a solid object with a Saw. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'saw' in Wordnet: 1. (1) saw - (cut with a saw; 'saw wood for the fireplace')`
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value SolidObject^c usesInstrument^op value Saw^c
Sub-classes	SawingWood^c

SawingWood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SawingWood`
Description	''SawingWood'' is an act of ''SawingSomething''in which the object cut is a piece of Wood. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'saw' in Wordnet: 1. (1) saw - (cut with a saw; 'saw wood for the fireplace')`
Super-classes	SawingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value PieceOfWood^c

Sawmill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sawmill`
Description	A ''Sawmill'' is a ''Mill'' where trees or logs from trees are cut into smaller pieces - usually to be used as lumber in construction projects.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sawmill' in WordNet: 2. lumbermill, sawmill - (a mill for dressing logs and lumber)`
Super-classes	Mill^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PowerSaw^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value CuttingUpaTree^c

Saxophone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Saxophone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saxophone' in WordNet: 1. sax, saxophone - (a single-reed woodwind with a conical bore)`
Super-classes	SingleReedWoodwindInstrument^c

SayingShoo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SayingShoo`
Description	''SayingShoo'' is the short single-word ''SpokenCommunicating' in which a Person says the word ''Shoo'' to some Animal (possibly a Person).
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c SpokenCommunicating^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ShooSound^c

SayingShush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SayingShush`
Description	''SayingShush'' is the short single-word ''SpokenCommunicating' in which a Person says the word ''Shush'' to a Person so as to make that Person stop talking.
Super-classes	SpokenCommunicating^c MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ShushSound^c

SayingTheRosary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SayingTheRosary`
Description	''SayingTheRosary'' is a form of ''Praying'' in which a Person (usually a ''CatholicPerson'') speaks a series of prayers including 'HailMary''s and ''OurFather''s, typically using a ''RosaryBeads'' to keep count of the number of each prayer 'said'.
Super-classes	Praying^c ReligiousCeremony^c Speaking^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value RosaryBeads^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value TheRosary^c

Scabies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scabies`
Description	`RHW: a contagious skin disease occurring esp. in sheep and cattle and also in humans, caused by the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows under the skin. Cf. itch (def. 10), mange. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scabies' in WordNet: 1. scabies, itch - (a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation; 'he has a bad case of the itch')`
Super-classes	Infestation^c SkinDisease^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	isCausedByExposureTo^op value ItchMite^c hasObjectOfState^op value ItchMite^c

Scaffold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scaffold`
Description	A ''Scaffold'' is a raised (''Elevated'') above the ground for workers to stand on while constructing or ''MaintainingaBuilding'', such as when painting the exterior or the ceiling or washing the windows of a tall building. This can be a simple platform on some supporting object() such as sawhorses. For a system of multiple ''Scaffold''s elevated on some supporting arangement, as of connected steel rods or bars use as ''Scaffolding''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scaffold' in WordNet: 2. scaffold - (a temporary arrangement erected around a building for convenience of workers)`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c Platform^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value ConstructionWorkerOrRepairman^c isUsedInAction^op value BuildingaSructure^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elevated^c

Scaffolding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scaffolding`
Description	A ''Scaffold'' is an ''Arrangement'' of one or more ''Scaffold''s suported by some strong metal bars or rods, raised (''Elevated'') above the ground for workers to stand on while working on a structure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scaffolding' in WordNet: 1. scaffolding, staging - (a system of scaffolds)`
Super-classes	Arrangement^c System^c ConstructionArtifact^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Scaffold^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value ConstructionWorkerOrRepairman^c isUsedInAction^op value BuildingaSructure^c

Scale-AnimalBodyPart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scale-AnimalBodyPart

Description

Outer covering, analogous to skin, of reptiles and fish. See also #$ScaledAnimal, the collection of animals covered with scales.

        Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'scale' in WordNet:
          10. scale - (a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals)

Super-classes ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
AnimalBodyPart^c
SheetOfSomeStuff^c
FlatObject^c
SolidObject^c
SmallObject^c

Scale-MeasuringDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scale-MeasuringDevice`
Description	COSMO note: 'Scale-MeasuringDevice' is the generic type for any Device used to measure weight or mass. Typically, a 'scale' refers to a device that weighs by pushing against springs, but in COSMO this also includes balances (see 'Balance'). `The collection of devices which measure mass, typically using springs or balancing weights. The term 'scales' is sometimes used for a two-pan balance. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'scale' in WordNet: 8. scale, weighing machine - - (a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass)`
Super-classes	MeasuringDevice^c
Sub-classes	Balance^c

Scaled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scaled`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scaled' in Wordnet: 1. (1) scaly, scaley, scaled - (having the body covered or partially covered with thin horny plates, as some fish and reptiles)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Inaction^c

ScaledAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScaledAnimal`
Description	The subcollection of #$Animal whose instances have a skin-like covering consisting #$Scale-AnimalBodyParts. Some specializations are #$Fish and #$Reptile.
Super-classes	Animal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Scaled^c
Sub-classes	Reptile^c

Scallion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scallion

Description

This sense of ''Scallion'' is for an ''Onion-Bulb'' not fully grown, harvested to be used for food.

       Webster's Ninth College Dict.: 'green onion'
         'a young onion pulled before the bulb has enlarged
            and used esp.in salads.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scallion' in WordNet:
         2. green onion, scallion - (young onion before the bulb has enlarged)

Super-classes Onion-Bulb^c

Scallions^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scallions

Description

''Scallions'' is the substance of which a ''Scallion'' (green onion) consists. It may be a whole group of ''Scallion''s or ''Scallion''s processed in some manner for use in food.

          NOTE: 'scallions' is a singular (not plural) word referring to a foodstuff, though it 
             can refer to multiple ''Scallion''s considered as a substance.

           No WN sense fo 'scallions'.

Super-classes Onions^c

Scallop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scallop`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scallop' in WordNet: 2. scallop, scollop, escallop - (edible muscle of mollusks having fan-shaped shells; served broiled or poached or in salads or cream sauces)`
Super-classes	Mollusk^c

Scalp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scalp`
Description	CYC: The collection of all living scalps. A #$Scalp is the part of the #$Skin covering someone's head (other than the face) from which a significant amount of hair normally grows. - Foxvog, Dec 8, 1997 `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scalp' in Wordnet: 1. (1) scalp - (the skin that covers the top of the head; 'they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy')`
Super-classes	Skin^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op value Head^c

Scalpel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scalpel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scalpel' in WordNet: 1. scalpel - (a thin straight surgical knife used in dissection and surgery)`
Super-classes	Knife^c MedicalDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Surgery^c

Scaly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scaly`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'scaly' in Wordnet: 2. scaly, scaley, scaled - (having the body covered or partially covered with thin horny plates, as some fish and reptiles)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Scampering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scampering`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scamper' in WordNet: 1. (5) scurry, scamper, skitter, scuttle - (to move about or proceed hurriedly; 'so terrified by the extraordinary ebbing of the sea that they scurried to higher ground') WN noun 'scamper': 1. (1) scamper, scramble, scurry - (rushing about hastily in an undignified way)`
Super-classes	Running^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c)

ScandalSheetText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScandalSheetText`
Description	A ''ScandalSheetText'' is a form of ''Rumor'' that is published in print or broadcast media, whether in book form or in periodicals. Political 'hit jobs' clearly not an attempt at objective reporting will be in this category. Although this represents the 'text' (linguistic statements) of such assertions, the text-representable content of broadcast media may fall into this category. Some radio and television programs have substantial content of this kind of ''AbstractText''. `Some of this type will be ''PublishedMaterial'' and some will be .`
Super-classes	Rumor^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some (MediaTransmitting^c or PublishingWrittenMaterial^c)

Scandalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scandalizing`
Description	''Scandalizing'' is an intense form of 'Offending'' causing a stronger emotional response. `Corresponds to verb sense 1'scandalize' in WordNet: 1. (1) shock, offend, scandalize, scandalise, appal, appall, outrage - (strike with disgust or revulsion; 'The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends') WN verb 'disgust': 1. (1) disgust, gross out, revolt, repel - (fill with distaste; 'This spoilt food disgusts me')`
Super-classes	Offending^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute^op value Appalling^c

ScandalousGossip^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScandalousGossip

Description

''ScandalousGossip'' is a form of ''Gossip'' that spreads rumors of a ''Scandal''..

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scandal' in WordNet:
        1. (3) scandal, dirt, malicious gossip - (disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people)

Super-classes Rumor^c

Scandinavian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scandinavian

Description

''Scandinavian'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Scandinavia'' or any one of its component countries.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Scandinavian' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) Scandinavian, Norse - (of or relating to Scandinavia or its peoples or cultures;
             "Norse sagas"; "Norse nomads")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Scandium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scandium

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of scandium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scandium' in WordNet:
          1. scandium, Sc, atomic number 21 - (a white trivalent metallic element; 
             sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in 
             the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Scanner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scanner`
Description	This ''Scanner'' is the general class of ''ElectronicDevice''s that generate an external or internal image of some PhysicalObject with any technique, including light, X-rays, sound waves, or electron beams. `The more specific subtypes will be more useful for practical purposes.`
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c
Sub-classes	ImageScanner^c BarCodeScanner^c

Scanning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scanning`
Description	''Scanning'' is a thorough inspection or examination. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scan' in WordNet: 1. (9) scan - (examine minutely or intensely; 'the surgeon scanned the X-ray')`
Super-classes	Inspection^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thoroughgoing^c

Scant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scant

Description

''Scant'' has several meanings, the essence being equivalent to 'just enough' or 'no more than enough' or 'not quite enough' to characterize some quantity of something used for a purpose.

    This includes all of these meanings in order to have something to represent them,
     even though they are in some degree seemingly inconsistent.  They are close enough
     to each other to represent the mening within the vagueness common to natural language usage.
     When a large number of uses can indicate clear logical differences, this type can be split
     or the more precise types can be subAttributes.

    RHW 'scant':
    1.  barely sufficient in amount or quantity; not abundant; almost inadequate: to do scant justice.
2.  limited; meager; not large: a scant amount.
    3.  barely amounting to as much as indicated: a scant two hours; a scant cupful.

    NOTE: the only WN sense is 'less than enough' 
    in Wordnet:
      1. (2) light, scant, short - (less than the correct or legal or full amount 
        often deliberately so; 'a light pound'; 'a scant cup of sugar'; 'regularly gives short weight')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Scanty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scanty`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scanty' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bare, scanty, spare - (lacking in amplitude or quantity; 'a bare livelihood'; 'a scanty harvest'; 'a spare diet')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Scapegoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scapegoat`
Description	A ''Scapegoat'' is a ''Blameless'' (innocent) ''Person'' who unjustly took the blame for someone else's error. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scapegoat' in WordNet: 1. scapegoat, whipping boy - (someone punished for the errors of others)`
Super-classes	Victim^c Person^c
Restrictions	wasHarmedInEvent^op some Punishing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Blameless^c

Scar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scar

Description

The markings left over from cuts. COSMO this is interpreted as a scar on the external surface of the skin, noticeable on viewing it. Internal 'scars' are not included.

    SUMO: Any AbnormalAnatomicalStructure which results from the 
      healing of a Lesion.

      Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'scar' and to part of sense 13 (but restricted 
         to the skin as a location) of 'mark' in WordNet:
       1. (7) scar, cicatrix, cicatrice -- (a mark left (usually on the skin) by the healing of injured tissue)
       2. (4) scratch, scrape, scar, mark -- (an indication of damage)          
      WN noun 'mark':
       13. scratch, scrape, scar, mark - (an indication of damage)

Super-classes PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c
AbnormalAnatomicalStructure^c

Scarce^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scarce

Description

''Scarce'' is a property of Objects that are few in number, whether on some absolute scale or relative to some normal value or some purpose that sets a criterion.

       NOTE: when this is used to characterize a number much less than needed
          for some purpose, it is an intensive value of 'Insufficient'',
          but that attribute is not differentiated to that degree.  ?ToDo?

    Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'scarce' in WordNet:
        1. (1) scarce - (not enough; hard to find; 'meat was scarce during the war')
        2. scarce - (deficient in quantity or number compared with the demand;
           'fresh vegetables were scarce during the drought')

Super-classes Unusual^c

Scarf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scarf`
Description	CYC: The collection of scarfs, an item of clothing used to protect the wearer's face and neck from the cold, or to hold the wearer's hair in place, or simply for decoration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scarf ' in Wordnet: 1. (2) scarf - (a garment worn around the head or neck or shoulders for warmth or decoration)`
Super-classes	ClothingAccessory^c PieceOfCloth^c
Sub-classes	Mantilla^c Kerchief^c

Scatterbrained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scatterbrained`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'scatterbrained' in Wordnet: 2. flighty, flyaway, head-in-the-clouds, scatterbrained - (guided by whim and fancy; 'flighty young girls')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Scattered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scattered

Description

This sense of ''Scattered'' is the attribute of a ObjectGroup that either (1) was distributed by some agent or natural force over an area in which they become widely separated; or (2) arose or developed in widely distributed locations; or (3) occurred repetitively over irregular intervals of time and possibly space. @ToDo: These could be represented as subtpyes and should be, when sufficient examples and related types are available to clarify the logical difference.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scattered' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) scattered - (occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals 
              in time or space; 'scattered showers'; 'scattered villages')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

scattered_spatiotemporal_region^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion

Description

BFO Definition: A space time region that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which.

   BFO Examples: the space and time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup,
   the space and time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair.

Super-classes SpatiotemporalRegion^c

ScatteringApart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScatteringApart`
Description	Each'ScatteringApart' is an Event in which some Group of Animals that was located in some small space disperses by moving away from each other, whether spontaneously or as a result of some external cause (e.g. ''DispersingaCrowd''), to occupy a much larger area. This is represented as an instransitive verb, with the Group of animals (people or beasts) as the agents doing the scattering. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'scatter' in WordNet: 2. (4) disperse, dissipate, scatter, spread out - - (move away from each other; 'The crowds dispersed'; 'The children scattered in all directions when the teacher approached';)`
Super-classes	LocomotionEvent-Animal^c MovingApart^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some GroupOfAnimals^c isPerformedBy^op some GroupOfAnimals^c

ScatteringGranularStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScatteringGranularStuff`
Description	''ScatteringGranularStuff'' is the Action of ''Spreading'' a granular (including powdered) substance from a compacted form (lump, ball, containerfull, handful) onto the surface of an Object (including a land surface, compact or wide). Any surface portion of an Object, including small objects like a ''FoodObject'' may serve as the destination of the scattering, as for example if an object with sticky stuff on its surface is rotated while ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' is occurring above - so that the whole object may have the scattered stuff sticking to its surface. `There is some overlap with ''SprinklingStuff'', which see.. Corresponds to part of verb senses 3,4, and 6 of 'scatter' (for granular materials, not liquids) in WordNet: 3. (2) scatter, sprinkle, dot, dust, disperse - (distribute loosely; 'He scattered gun powder under the wagon') 4. (1) scatter - (sow by scattering; 'scatter seeds') 6. spread, scatter, spread out - (strew or distribute over an area; 'He spread fertilizer over the lawn'; 'scatter cards across the table')`
Super-classes	SpreadingASubstance^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some GranularSubstanceType^c hadThingTransferred^op some GranularSubstanceType^c hadThingAffected^op some GranularSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	SaltingFood^c

ScatteringObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScatteringObjects`
Description	'ScatteringObjects' is an Action in which some agent (which can be natural, such as the wind or waves) causes a group of PhysicalObjects which were in a compact area to disperse over a much larger area. The ObjectGroup scattered may be of a single type, or of various types. This is broad, and it can be used for spreading objects by physical force, or for causing animals to disperse by some ''DispersingaCrowd'' Action (a subtype), including just telling people to disperse. For spreading (scatterng) a solid substance such as salt use ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' In Cyc called 'ScatteringStuff', but the COSMO interpretation differs in that the things scattered must be separate objects to start with, and cannot be a liquid. For scattering a substance, use 'ScatteringaSubstance'. Cyc: This is the collection of events in which some #$Mob of stuff is separated and dispersed. This can be an intentional action, as in #$SowingSeed, or unintentional, as in wind blowing sand. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scatter' in WordNet: 1. (6) disperse, dissipate, dispel, break up, scatter - - (to cause to separate and go in different directions; 'She waved her hand and scattered the crowds') WN noun 'scattering': 4. dispersion, scattering - (spreading widely or driving off)
Super-classes	MovingApart^c Movement-TranslationProcess^c Diffusing^c SpreadingThingsAround^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	DispersingaCrowd^c TheDiaspora^c

ScatteringaSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScatteringaSubstance`
Description	'ScatteringaSubstance' is an Action in which some agent (which can be natural, such as the wind or waves) physically causes some substance that was in a compact area to disperse over a much larger area. This is an action on an Object, but the Object is an 'ObjectConsistingOfSubstance': the constitutent substance is usually the thing that is said to be 'scattered', e.g. 'He scattered water over the table.' NOTE: in WN this is the parent for 'disbanding a group', @ToDo needs reorganizing? In Cyc called 'ScatteringStuff', but the COSMO interpretation separates scattering an ObjectGroup and scattering a Substance. differs in that the things scattered must be separate objects The substance may be a Liquid or a finely divided substance. The Cyc definition below is mostly for 'ScatteringObjects', but can also apply to a finely divided substance such as 'Sand'.: Cyc: This is the collection of events in which some #$Mob of stuff is separated and dispersed. This can be an intentional action, as in #$SowingSeed, or unintentional, as in wind blowing sand. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scatter' in WordNet: 1. (6) disperse, dissipate, dispel, break up, scatter - - (to cause to separate and go in different directions; 'She waved her hand and scattered the crowds')
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationProcess^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c
Sub-classes	SpatteringaSubstance^c

Scavenger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scavenger`
Description	CYC: The collection of animals that feed wholly or partly on dead animals (or less commonly other decaying organic matter) that they find rather than kill. `NOTE: in Cyc a 'Scavenger' is also a 'Carnivore' but int Cyc a 'Carnivore' is an order of mammal. Some 'Scavengers' (such as a 'Fly') are not mammals, so the Cyc subtype relation must be removed, as it creates an inconsistency. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scavenger' in WordNet: 3. scavenger - (any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter)`
Super-classes	WildAnimal^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value DeadOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Cockroach^c Crayfish^c Shark-Hammerhead^c Seagull^c Hyena^c Lobster^c Vulture^c Tern^c Fly^c Fox^c Coyote^c Jackal^c

Scenario^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scenario

Description

A ''Scenario'' is a ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that is asserted as possible and considered in planning for the future; it could be one Event or some sequence of Events.

       This is an EventType - the mantal objject that relates to this by
         ''refersToFutureSituation'' is a ''PostulatedScenario''

       CYC: A specialization of #$Event. An instance of
        #$Scenario is a dynamic situtation, in which  something
        happens . A #$Scenario consists of a set of #$Events related
        in some way to form a distinct narrative.

       RHW: an imagined or projected sequence of events, esp. any of several detailed plans 
               or possibilities: 
          One scenario calls for doubling profits by increasing our advertising, 
              the other by reducing costs.

          Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scenario ' in WordNet:
            3. scenario - (a postulated sequence of possible events;
              'planners developed several scenarios in case of an attack')

Super-classes Context^c
PossibleFutureSituation^c
Group^c

Scene^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scene`
Description	A 'Scene' is a 'LightPropagationEvent' that is the visual aspect of a state or an Event - the set of light waves that are emitted or reflected by the objects participating in some Event; in essence, this is the light that can be 'seen' when something is viewed. This notion often refers to an InstantaneousState, as viewed from one person's perspective, or in a snapshot. But this type represents all those perspectives of the whole state that are perceivable visually, so this is a subgroup of the group of attributes and relations that constitute the state of a Group of entities. For more specific kinds of 'Scene' see 'View', 'Scenery' (outdoors), 'Panorama' (wide angle). For the act of seeing something, use 'Seeing'. NOTE that in WordNet a 'scene' is a visual perception, whereas in in COSMO it is a situation which is the visual part of the physical situation. These are different concepts. In COSMO, a 'view' is the visual perception (and in WordNet 'view' is a synonym of 'scene'). For the perception, see 'Viewing'. WordNet 'scene': in WordNet: 3. (13) view, aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama - (the visual percept of a region; 'the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views') WN 'sight' 2. (12) sight - - (anything that is seen; 'he was a familiar sight on the television'; 'they went to Paris to see the sights')
Super-classes	LightPropagationEvent^c
Sub-classes	View^c

SceneOfEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SceneOfEvent`
Description	'SceneOfEvent' is the Place where some Event occurred (such as the scene of an accident or scene of a crime). `Corresponds to Chinese 'xian\Chang^'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scene' in WordNet: 1. (18) scene - - (the place where some action occurs; 'the police returned to the scene of the crime')`
Super-classes	SiteOfAnEvent^c
Sub-classes	SceneOfaCrime^c StageOrSet^c Destination^c StartingPlace^c Venue^c

SceneOfaCrime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SceneOfaCrime`
Description	A ''SceneOfaCrime'' is a 'SceneOfEvent' in which the ''Event'' is a ''Crime''. This term is ofen (but not necessarily) used when the ''Crime'' is recent,and there is still evidence of the ''Crime''to be seen.
Super-classes	SceneOfEvent^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op some Crime^c

Scenery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scenery`
Description	Each 'Scenery' is a 'View' (a light radiation Event) of an Outdoors location, in which the light radiated can be from some specific location. It is a 'View' that selects a specific subset of the light reflected or radiated by the objects in some location. Since the panorama is considered from one vantage point, the visual properties selected by this type are the ones that can be seen from that vantage point. `The specific 'OutdoorLocation'' that is viewed in a ''Sceneery is specified by the relation ''hasStartingPlace''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scenery' and sense 1 of 'vista' in WordNet: 2. (1) scenery - (the appearance of a place) WN noun 'vista;: 1. (1) view, aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama - (the visual percept of a region; 'the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views')`
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value OutdoorLocation^c hasStartingPlace^op some OutdoorLocation^c
Sub-classes	Panorama^c Landscape^c

Scenic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scenic

Description

Of outdoor places in general: 'scenic drive' is a drive through a 'scenic' place.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scenic' in Wordnet:
        1. (5) scenic - (used of locations; having beautiful natural scenery; 
            'scenic drives')

Super-classes Beautiful^c

Scented^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scented

Description

''Scented'' is the attribute of something that is ''Fragrant'' because some pleasant ''Fragrant'' substance has been added or applied to it.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'scented' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) perfumed, scented - (filled or impregnated with perfume; 
         'perfumed boudoir'; 'perfumed stationery'; 'scented soap')

Super-classes Fragrant^c

Schedule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schedule`
Description	A Plan specifying the times at which certain Actions are expected to happen. The Actions are under the control of the Person who created the Schedule, or told to that person by some other(s) who are in control. `CYC:special kinds of Plans which deal with WHEN things are supposed to happen. For the hard-copy record of a schedule, see #$ScheduleDocument. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schedule' and sense 1 of 'agenda' in WordNet: 1. (11) agenda, docket, schedule - (a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to)`
Super-classes	Plan^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op some TimeTable^c

Scheduled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scheduled`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scheduled' in Wordnet: 1. (1) scheduled - (planned or scheduled for some certain time or times; 'the scheduled meeting'; 'the scheduled flights had to be cancelled because of snow')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	RegularlyScheduled^c

ScheduledAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScheduledAction`
Description	A ''ScheduledAction'' is an Action, usually by a Person but sometimes by a natural force (lunar eclipse) that is expected to occur at some particular time or within some TimeInterval..
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Predicted^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Scheduled^c

ScheduledEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScheduledEvent`
Description	A ''ScheduledEvent'' is an Event that is specified in some ''Schedule'' (a Plan that is a Procedure specification) that is intended to be executed at some time in the future.
Super-classes	PossibleFutureSituation^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Scheduled^c isAnExecutionOf^op some Schedule^c

Scheduling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scheduling`
Description	''Scheduling'' is 'MakingaPlan' in which the ''Plan'' is an instance of ''Schedule''; the ''Schedule'' can specify a time and place for an Event of any kind, as well as an agenda of activies with specific or flexible times for each.. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'schedule' and noun sense 1 of 'scheduling' in WordNet: 1. (21) schedule - (plan for an activity or event; 'I've scheduled a concert next week') 2. (6) schedule - (make a schedule; plan the time and place for events; 'I scheduled an exam for this afternoon') WN noun 'scheduling': 1. scheduling, programming, programing - (setting an order and time for planned events) WN verb 'program': 1. (4) program, programme - (arrange a program of or for; 'program the 80th birthday party')
Super-classes	MakingaPlan^c CreatingAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	typicallyProduces^op value Schedule^c
Sub-classes	Rescheduling^c BookingaGig^c

Scheelite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scheelite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scheelite' in WordNet: 1. scheelite - (a mineral used as an ore of tungsten)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c Ore^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Tungsten^c isaSourceOf^op value Tungsten^c

Schema^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schema`
Description	A ''Schema'' is an abstract representation (or its physical representation) of some set of related concepts, together wth the relations between them; this may be represented as a graph. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schema' in WordNet: 1. schema, scheme - (an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world)`
Super-classes	MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Brain^c

Scheme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scheme`
Description	A Plan whose execution as intended would be an instance of 'Deceiving'; a 'Crafty Action.' `If successful, its execution would be an instance of a Deceiving. The WordNet 'scheme' does not have the component of 'deception', but otherwise fits this meaning. The WN sense is closer to 'Strategy' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scheme' in Wordnet: 1. (10) scheme, strategy - (an elaborate and systematic plan of action)`
Super-classes	Strategy^c
Sub-classes	Plot^c

Scheming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scheming

Description

''Scheming' is a subtype of the attribute ''Clever'' characterizing People who try to achieve gain by deceptive or underhanded means through some more or less complex plan.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scheming' in Wordnet:
        1. calculating, calculative, conniving, scheming, shrewd -
            (used of persons; 'the most calculating and selfish men in the community')
        2. designing, scheming - (concealing crafty designs for advancing 
            your own interest; 'a selfish and designing nation obsessed with 
            the dark schemes of European intrigue'- W.Churchill; 'a scheming wife'; 
            'a scheming gold digger')

Super-classes Clever^c

SchemingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchemingAction`
Description	''Scheming'' is a ''Plotting'' carried out by at least two people, differing from 'plotting' in also being an attempt to deceive some Person(e). Typically but not necessarily used for illegal activities. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scheme' in WordNet: 1. (1) scheme, intrigue, connive - (form intrigues (for) in an underhand manner)`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c Plotting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c produces^op value Scheme^c hasAttemptedAction^op value Deceiving^c
Sub-classes	Conspiring^c

Schizophrenia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schizophrenia`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$PsychologicalAilments distinguished by disturbances in thinking. Such disturbances often involve a distortion of the usual logical relations among ideas, a separation between the intellect and the emotions so that feelings seem inappropriate to the situation, and a reduced tolerance for the stress of interpersonal relations with the result that the sufferer retreats from social intercourse into fantasy, delusions, and/or hallucinations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schizophrenia' in WordNet: 1. schizophrenia, schizophrenic disorder, schizophrenic psychosis, dementia praecox - (any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact)`
Super-classes	Psychosis^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Schizophrenic^c

Schizophrenic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schizophrenic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'schizophrenic' in Wordnet: 1. (4) schizophrenic - (suffering from some form of schizophrenia; 'schizophrenic patients')`
Super-classes	MentallyIll^c

SchizophrenicPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchizophrenicPerson`
Description	A Person suffering from ''Schizophrenia''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schizophrenic' in WordNet: 1. (1) schizophrenic - (someone who is afflicted with schizophrenia)
Super-classes	SickPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Schizophrenic^c isTheSubjectOfState^op value Schizophrenia^c

Schizophrenical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schizophrenical

Description

''Schizophrenical'' used to distinguish this from the adjective that characterizes a ''SchizophrenicPerson''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'schizophrenic' in Wordnet:
       2. (1) schizoid, schizophrenic - (of or relating to or characteristic of schizophrenia)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Scholar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scholar`
Description	A Person who has a level of knowledge or expertise beyond the level of an average Expert in more than one narrow topic; a ''Master'' of multiple topics beyond the level of an average Expert; a peron evidently well-educated. For one more knowledgeable thatn theaverage ''Scholar'' use ''Savant'' For one knowledgeable about more than one subject,use ''Polymath'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scholar' in Wordnet: 1. (7) scholar, scholarly person, bookman, student - (a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines)`
Super-classes	Master^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Scholarly^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op some TopicType^c
Sub-classes	Pedant^c Savant^c Valedictorian^c IslamistScholar^c

Scholarly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scholarly`
Description	Of people or their writings. the A ''Scholarly'' person is one who is well-educated in more than one narrow field, and has studied much. A ''Scholarly'' work is one that demostrates careful thought and deep knowledge of a topic. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'learned' and adj sense 1 of 'scholarly' in WordNet: 1. (7) erudite, learned - (having or showing profound knowledge; 'a learned jurist'; 'an erudite professor') 2. (3) enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, well-educated, well-read - (highly educated; having extensive information or understanding; 'an enlightened public'; 'knowing instructors'; 'a knowledgeable critic'; 'a knowledgeable audience') WN adj 'scholarly': 1. (2) scholarly - (characteristic of scholars or scholarship; 'scholarly pursuits'; 'a scholarly treatise'; 'a scholarly attitude')
Super-classes	Intelligent^c PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Studious^c

ScholarlyArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScholarlyArticle`
Description	A ''ScholarlyArticle'' is an abstract ''Article'' that conveys factual information that gives evidence that the assertions presented were the result of careful thought and evidence of deep learning on the part of the author. These are more authoritative than the generic ''Artice'' and often appear in scientific journals and majr newpapers and periodicals dealig with serious tiocs other than entertainment
Super-classes	Article^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Scholar^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Scholarly^c
Sub-classes	JournalArticle^c NewspaperArticle^c EncyclopediaArticle^c

Scholarship^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scholarship

Description

A ''Scholarship'' is ''EconomicAid'' given to assist a Student to finance school studies

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scholarship' in WordNet:
            1. (7) scholarship - (financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit)

Super-classes EconomicAid^c

School^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#School`
Description	CYC: The collection of all schools. Some are single site organizations, while others have branches. Some are academic, while others teach skills. Some are private institutions while others are public. Rarely would any individual school be asserted to be an instance of #$SchoolInstitution since so many specializations of the concept exist. `An EducationalOrganization with a curriculum, teachers, and students. Most Schools are housed in a Building dedicated to the EducationalOrganization. This is the Organization; for the school building, use 'SchoolBuilding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school' in WordNet: 1. (610) school - (an educational institution; 'the school was founded in 1900')`
Super-classes	EducationalOrganization^c Institution^c
Sub-classes	SundaySchool^c FourYearSchool^c MilitaryAcademy^c PrivateSchool^c DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution^c ParochialSchool^c SchoolInstitution-KThrough12^c PublicSchool^c PolytechnicSchool^c TechnicSchool^c
In range of	isaGraduateOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CooperUnion

SchoolActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolActivity`
Description	A ''SchoolActivity'' is any HumanActivity that is performed at a ''SchoolBuilding'' or is organized or controlled by some Agents associated with a 'School'' `If not part of a CourseOfInstruction', it is''Extracurricular''.`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value SchoolFacility^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Student^c
Sub-classes	ExtracurricularActivity^c

SchoolBoard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolBoard

Description

A ''SchoolBoard'' is a ''SupervisoryBoard'' that makes rules for a school district..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school board' in WordNet:
          1. (2) school board, board of education - (a board in charge of local public schools)

Super-classes SupervisoryBoard^c

SchoolBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolBuilding`
Description	A Building with at least one classroom where education is conducted . A building where any class from K-12 (kindergarten through 12th grade) meets is a #$SchoolBuilding. The physical quarters of a university will include many SchoolBuildings. `Buildings belonging to schools, but not having classrooms will be in a different category.`
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Teaching^c
Sub-classes	SchoolBuilding-KThrough12^c ParochialSchoolBuilding^c

SchoolBuilding-KThrough12^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolBuilding-KThrough12`
Description	There are lots of properties that are shared by high school buildings, grammar school buildings, and middle school buildings: e.g. they have cafeterias, gyms, principals, lockers, etc (KThrough12 means kindergarten through 12th grade) `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'schoolhouse' in WordNet: 2. (108) school, schoolhouse - (a building where young people receive education; 'the school was built in 1932'; 'he walked to school every morning')`
Super-classes	SchoolBuilding^c
Sub-classes	SchoolHouse^c

SchoolBus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolBus

Description

A large, lightweight, utilitarian bus used typically by schools for conveying children to and from school and school-related activities. Capacity up to 60 people.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school bus' in WordNet:
         1. school bus - (a bus used to transport children to or from school)

Super-classes Bus^c

SchoolDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolDay`
Description	A ''SchoolDay'' lasts typically from 8 or 9 AM to 2:30 to 3 PM, with many local variations, and usually excepting weekends. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school day' in WordNet: 1. school, schooltime, school day - (the period of instruction in a school; the time period when schools is in session; 'stay after school'; 'he didn't miss a single day of school'; 'when the school day was done we would walk home together')`
Super-classes	SchoolSessionTime^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#daily^c

SchoolDistrict^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolDistrict

Description

CYC: A collection of geographical regions. An element of #$SchoolDistrict is typically a town-, township-, or city-sized area whose public schools (for grades K-12) are controlled by a single governing body, such as a Board of Education or School Board. Minor-aged residents of the district attend schools within that district. Typically, district schools are funded by property taxes on residents of the district.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school district' in WordNet:
           1. school district - (a district whose public schools are administered together)

Super-classes LegalGovernmentOrganization^c
EducationalOrganization^c
GeopoliticalEntity^c

SchoolFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolFacility`
Description	A ''SchoolFacility'' is any ''Facility-Generic'' owned,rented, or used by a ''School'' for purposes related to activities sponsored by the Scool or its Students.
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op some Country^c

SchoolGrade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolGrade`
Description	A ''SchoolGrade'' is the ''GroupOfPeople'', each of whom is attending or studying at some ''EducationalOrganization'', at the same educational level, typically categorized as a 'year' or 'grade', as in 'first grade', 'second grade'. This includes Kindergarten and a 'preschool'' that is managed by an ''EducationalOrganization'', if it has designated levels. For the specific attendees of a ''SchholGrade'' at some School use subtype ''ClassroomAttendees''. NOTE: this type represents the level (''Rank'') of education which is characteristic of each of the different grade numbers, as well as the total sum of all people attending classes at that level. This is mixed and should be analyzed in more detail. Corresponds most closely to but is broader than noun senses 2 and 5 of 'class', in WordNet: 2. (192) class, form, grade - (a body of students who are taught together; 'early morning classes are always sleepy') 5. (50) class, year - (a body of students who graduate together; 'the class of '97'; 'she was in my year at Hoehandle High')
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	isStudyingAt^op value School^c
Sub-classes	Classmates^c ClassroomAttendees^c

SchoolGrounds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolGrounds`
Description	SchoolGrounds is the group of objects in the physical region that comprises the property used by a a school (at any level, including university campuses). Because it is a geographical area, It includes the buildings and other structures as well as vegetation and anything else that is intended to be stably attached to the ground in that region. It does not include transient physical object, and in paricular does not include people who may be on the grounds.
Super-classes	GroundsOfOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrinityCollegeCampus

SchoolHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolHead`
Description	A ''SchoolHead'' is a Person who has the highest level of administrative authority in some school (or university).
Super-classes	Leader^c Educator^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op some School^c
Sub-classes	SchoolPrincipal^c CollegeChancellor^c

SchoolHouse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolHouse

Description

A 'SchoolHouse' is a building used as an elementary school, that is not larger than a typical house. These used to be more common, but as of 2013 are seldom seen. they often have more than one class in a single room.

        This is more specialized than the WordNet 'schoolhouse', and
          part of WN noun sense 1:
       in WordNet:
         1. (3) school, schoolhouse - (a building where young people receive
            education; 'the school was built in 1932'; 'he walked to school every morning')

Super-classes SchoolBuilding-KThrough12^c

SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting`
Description	A specialization of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution. Each instance of this collection is a semi-autonomous (in contrast with #$AcademicDepartment) organization set up by a university to provide some kind of professional degree to students (such as Business or Nursing). A typical example of such an organization is Baylor Medical School.
Super-classes	DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution^c
Sub-classes	MedicalSchool^c LawSchool^c

SchoolInstitution-KThrough12^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolInstitution-KThrough12`
Description	$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 is a specialization `of #$AcademicOrganization. Each instance of #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 is a school which provides instruction in all or some of the grades from kindergarten (K) through high school (12th-grade) education. Notable specializations of #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 include #$ElementarySchool, #$MiddleSchool, and #$HighSchool. ''GramarShchool''and ''HighShool'' in the US are usually separate organizations in separate buildings.`
Super-classes	School^c
Sub-classes	GrammarSchool^c SecondarySchool^c

SchoolPrincipal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolPrincipal`
Description	A ''SchoolHead'' is a Person who has the highest level of administrative authority in some school (or university). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'principal' in WordNet: 2. (2) principal, school principal, head teacher, head - (the educator who has executive authority for a school; 'she sent unruly pupils to see the principal')`
Super-classes	SchoolHead^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op some SchoolInstitution-KThrough12^c
Sub-classes	HeadMaster^c

SchoolSession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolSession`
Description	A ''SchoolSession'' is one of the periodic ''Session''s or 'terms' into which the shool calendar is divided. This includes school years as well as regular parts of the school year such as the subtype ''Semester''. These are ''SocialGathering''s, not ''TimeInterval''s. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'session' in WordNet: 2. (6) school term, academic term, academic session, session - (the time during which a school holds classes; 'they had to shorten the school term')`
Super-classes	Session^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some SchoolGrounds^c occursDuring^op some SchoolSessionTime^c
Sub-classes	Semester^c

SchoolSessionTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolSessionTime`
Description	This entry is for the TimeInterval during which ''SchoolSession''s are held. The subtypes can specify whether it is a 'school year' or 'school day' or 'school semester' or 'school trimester'. `Instances of this will be instances at particular schools in particular years. The WordNet entry for 'school term' is interpreted as an Action performed by the people involved. That WN sense is represented by ''SchoolSession''. in WordNet: 2. (6) school term, academic term, academic session, session - (the time during which a school holds classes; 'they had to shorten the school term')`
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	SchoolDay^c SchoolYear^c

SchoolTeacher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolTeacher`
Description	A Teacher who usually works (''typicallyWorksAt'') at a Primary or secondary school. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schoolteacher' in WordNet: 1. schoolteacher, school teacher - (a teacher in a school below the college level)`
Super-classes	Teacher^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value SchoolInstitution-KThrough12^c isEmployedBy^op value SchoolInstitution-KThrough12^c
Sub-classes	Schoolmarm^c

SchoolTuition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolTuition

Description

''SchoolTuition'' is a subtype of ''Fee'', paid for to some School for the service of teaching a '''Student''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuition' in WordNet:
         1. (2) tuition, tuition fee - (a fee paid for instruction 
            (especially for higher education); 'tuition and room and board 
            were more than $25,000')

Super-classes Fee^c

SchoolType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolType`
Description	''SchoolType'' is a metaclass that allow classifying ad referring to ''School''s by type.
Super-classes	OrganizationType^c
Members	HighSchool SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 Preschool College SundaySchool TechnicSchool VocationalSchool School ReligiousSchool FourYearSchool University MilitaryAcademy DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution CollegeOrGraduateSchool Seminary PolytechnicSchool PrivateSchool HigherEducationInstitution Academy PrivateSeminary PublicSchool JuniorCollege PostSecondarySchool

SchoolYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolYear`
Description	Typically from September to May or June, depending on the school. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school year' in WordNet: 1. (2) school year, academic year - (the period of time each year when the school is open and people are studying)`
Super-classes	SchoolSessionTime^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#annually^c

SchoolYearbook^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SchoolYearbook

Description

A ''SchoolYearbook'' is a ''Yearbook'' published annually with information about the graduating class and possibly other topics happening at a school in some year..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yearbook' in WordNet:
          1. yearbook - (a book published annually by the graduating class 
              of a high school or college usually containing photographs 
              of faculty and graduating students)

Super-classes Yearbook^c

Schooled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schooled`
Description	''Schooled'' is the attribute of a Person that has graduated from high shool. If from college, use the subtype ''Educated''..
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Schoolmarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schoolmarm`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schoolmarm' in WordNet: 1. (1) schoolmarm, schoolma'am, schoolmistress, mistress - (a woman schoolteacher (especially one regarded as strict))`
Super-classes	Woman^c SchoolTeacher^c

Schooner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Schooner`
Description	A ''SailingShip''. RHW:Naut. any of various types of sailing vessel having a foremast and mainmast, with or without other masts, and having fore-and-aft sails on all lower masts. Cf. ketch, topsail schooner, yawl (def. 2). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'schooner' in WordNet: 2. schooner - (sailing vessel used in former times)`
Super-classes	SailingShip^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Mast^c

Sciatica^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sciatica`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sciatica' in WordNet: 1. (2) sciatica - (neuralgia along the sciatic nerve)`
Super-classes	Neuralgia^c

Science^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Science`
Description	SUMO; Any FieldOfStudy which tests theories on the basis of careful observations and/or experiments and which has a cumulative body of results. NOTE that this does not include studies primarily concerned with the application of scientific principles to solve practical problems, which is represented by 'Engineering'. Cyc 'ScientificFieldOfStudy': A specialization of #$FieldOfStudy. Each instance of #$ScientificFieldOfStudy is a specialized body of knowledge, theory, hypotheses, observations, and problems, which together constitute the informational content of a systematic endeavor to explain (some part of) the natural world by rational (and frequently, quantifiable) methods, including, but not limited to, induction, falsifiable hypotheses tested by repeatable physical experiments, and deductive proof. Instances of #$ScientificFieldOfStudy include the traditional hard sciences (e.g., #$Physics, #$Chemistry), the life sciences (e.g., #$Biology, #$Genetics, #$Toxicology), and #$Mathematics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'science' in WordNet: 1. (9) science, scientific discipline - (a particular branch of scientific knowledge; 'the science of genetics')
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c
Sub-classes	Engineering^c NaturalScience^c Chemistry^c SocialScience^c LinguisticMorphology^c NaturalHistory^c InformationScience^c GrammarOfNaturalLanguage^c NutritionScience^c Linguistics^c EarthScience^c Cryptography^c Physics^c

ScienceFiction-Genre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScienceFiction-Genre`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the science fiction genre. #$RobertHeinlein and #$IsaacAsimov are famous writers of this genre. `See entry ''IsaacAsimov''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'science fiction' in WordNet: 1. (2) science fiction - (literary fantasy involving the imagined impact of science on society)`
Super-classes	Genre^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c Novel^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Science^c

Scientific^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scientific`
Description	'Scientific' is the attribute of things that relate in some way to Science, which includes the ScientificMethod. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scientific' in WordNet: 1. (16) scientific - - (of or relating to the practice of science; 'scientific journals')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Empirical^c

ScientificDiscovery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScientificDiscovery`
Description	A ''ScientificDiscovery'' is a ''NaturalPhenomenon'' that is discovered as a result of an ''ExperimentalResearch'' Action, which can be simple or complex, and performed in any location..
Super-classes	NaturalPhenomenon^c DiscoveredThing^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value ExperimentalResearch^c

ScientificInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScientificInstrument`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scientific instrument' in WordNet: 1. scientific instrument - (an instrument used by scientists)`
Super-classes	Instrument^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value ResearchScientist^c isUsedInAction^op value ExperimentalResearch^c
Sub-classes	ParticleAccelerator^c

ScientificMethod^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScientificMethod

Description

ScientificMethod might be thought of as an instance of a methodology, but there is probably more than one notion of 'Scientific method', so this is here categorized as a class (Type) of Methodology. The basic component of the ScientificMethod is to test a hypothesis by careful observation. Thus the components are a hypothesis to explain observed phenomena, and a testing procedure that is 'Objective''

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scientific method' in WordNet:
      1. (3) scientific method - (a method of investigation involving observation 
        and theory to test scientific hypotheses)

Super-classes Methodology^c
ObjectiveCriteria^c

ScientificTheory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScientificTheory`
Description	A 'ScientificTheory' is a Theory that proposes and explanation of a set of natural phenomena by some principle or law that can be tested by experiment or observation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'theory', senses 1 and 2 of 'hypothesis' and sense 3 of 'possibility' in WordNet: WN 'hypothesis': 1. (7) hypothesis - (a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations) 2. (6) hypothesis, possibility, theory - (a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; 'a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory'; 'he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices')
Super-classes	Theory^c
Sub-classes	RelativityTheory^c

Scientifically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scientifically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'scientifically' in Wordnet: 1. (3) scientifically - (with respect to science; in a scientific way; 'this is scientifically interesting')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Scientist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scientist`
Description	COSMO note: a Scientist needs only advanced knowledge of and activiy related to science - it is not necessary to do research to be a Scientist. For research scientists, use 'ResearchScientist'. NOTE: ''Engineer' is represented as a 'cousin' type of this type, with the common parent/grandparent type ''ProfessionalPerson'' Cyc: An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Scientist is a person who is educated and employed in one (or more) of the natural, social, or abstract sciences. Specializations of #$Scientist include the collections #$Astronomer, #$Chemist, #$Linguist, #$Mathematician, #$Geneticist, and #$CulturalAnthropologist. Coresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'scientist' in WordNet: 1. (15) scientist, man of science - (a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences)
Super-classes	Expert^c Researcher^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Science^c
Sub-classes	Meteorologist^c ResearchScientist^c Mathematician^c ProposerOfaTheory^c Geologist^c Toxicologist^c Linguist^c Physicist^c Gastroenterologist^c Embryologist^c Oceanographer^c Botanist^c Chemist^c Inventor^c Astronomer^c Endocrinologist^c DiscovererOfaPhenomenon^c Psychologist^c Agronomist^c Biologist^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharlesDarwin

Scintillation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scintillation`
Description	''Scintillation'' is a Quality (in WN), not an Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'scintillation' in WordNet: 4. glitter, glister, glisten, scintillation, sparkle - (the quality of shining with a bright reflected light)`
Super-classes	Brightness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value BrilliantlyLighted^c

Scissors^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scissors`
Description	A CuttingDevice designed to cut a FreeSheet. It has two Blades, connected by a connector that also serves as a ''PivotDevice''. `Cyc: hand tool made of two longish thinish pieces of usually metal connected with flat sides together by a rotating joint near the center of their longest dimension; they are opened to let material to be cut in, and as they are closed shear force is applied to the material causing it to be cut. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scissors' in WordNet: 1. scissors, pair of scissors - - (and edge tool having two crossed pivoting blades)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c EdgeTool^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoBlades^c
Sub-classes	Shears^c

ScissorsBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScissorsBlade`
Description	A 'ScissorsBlade' is a special kind of Blade that has a loop at the end, designed to be one of two blades of a Scissors; the loop in each blade makes it possible to grasp both blades with one hand, and swivel them around the pivot.
Super-classes	Blade^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Scissors^c hasPhysicalPart^op value LoopedHandle^c

Sclerosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sclerosis`
Description	''Sclerosis'' is a subtype of 'AilmentCondition' in which something internal body part (blood vessel, liver) becomes abnormally hard or thick. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sclerosis' in WordNet: 1. sclerosis, induration - (any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Hardening^c
Sub-classes	ArterioSclerosis^c

Scolding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scolding`
Description	Each ''Scolding'' is a 'Criticizing' of a Person that is intended to change the behavior of the person criticized. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scold' in WordNet: 1. (3) call on the carpet, take to task, rebuke, rag, trounce, reproof, lecture, reprimand, jaw, dress down, call down, scold, chide, berate, bawl out, remonstrate, chew out, chew up, have words, lambaste, lambast - (censure severely or angrily; 'The mother scolded the child for entering a stranger's car'; 'The deputy ragged the Prime Minister'; 'The customer dressed down the waiter for bringing cold soup')`
Super-classes	Criticizing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some PurposefulAction^c hasTopic^op some UndesirableBehavior^c hasPurpose^op value CorrectingBehavior^c
Sub-classes	Chastising^c

ScombroidFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScombroidFish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scombroid fish' in WordNet: 1. scombroid, scombroid fish - (important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters)`
Super-classes	PercoidFish^c
Sub-classes	Mackerel^c Swordfish^c

Scone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scone`
Description	This is the collection of scones. Scones are rich biscuit-like baked goods, originally British, which may include currents, raisins, or other fruit. In Britain they are served with tea, here they are more likely to be eaten at breakfast. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scone' in WordNet: 1. scone - (small biscuit (rich with cream and eggs) cut into diamonds or sticks and baked in an oven or (especially originally) on a griddle)`
Super-classes	Biscuit^c BreadObject^c SolidFoodArtifact^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value QuickBread^c

Scoop^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scoop

Description

A ''Scoop'' is a large ''Ladle'' with the front end of its bowl level with the bottom part, so that it can be used to pick things up from a surface or inserted into a soft or granular object to pick up apart of it.

       RHW has 'scooper' as synonym of 'scoop'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'scoop' in WordNet:
          6. scoop - (a large ladle; 'he used a scoop to serve the ice cream')

Super-classes Ladle^c

Scooter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scooter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scooter' in WordNet: 2. scooter - (child's two-wheeled vehicle operated by foot)`
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c Device-UserPowered^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c MountableTransporter^c
Restrictions	isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Child^c

Scope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scope`
Description	A 'Scope' is a very vague concept, without any necessary conditions as of rev 987; it can be a physical area within which something operates or is effective, or a more abstract thing, such as a Context, as in the scope of some law. This is a broad and heterogeneous category use to represent the notions of 'range; or 'scope' or 'compass'. When possible, more specific types should be used. A 'scope' behaves in some ways like a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' when it specifies an area (of applicability of a law. for example) but making that a formal type would create a contradiction. NOTE: Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'range' and sense 1 of 'scope' in WordNet; note that this includes as a subtype 'Context' which is essentially semantically vacuous; therefore there are no necessary conditions attached to membership in this type - this may change in future versions (after rev987) if a more restricted meaning to 'scope' is adopted: In WordNet: 1. (47) scope, range, reach, orbit, compass, ambit - (an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: 'the range of a supersonic jet'; 'the ambit of municipal legislation'; 'within the compass of this article'; 'within the scope of an investigation'; 'outside the reach of the law'; 'in the political orbit of a world power')
Super-classes	Individual^c
Sub-classes	TopicCoverage^c ProductSpecialization^c Range^c Gamut^c InsuranceCoverage^c OccupationalScope^c TopicList^c Context^c

ScopeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScopeType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Scope as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	OccupationalScope Gamut InsuranceCoverage Scope TopicCoverage Context Range TopicList ProductSpecialization

Scorching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scorching`
Description	''Scorching'' is a ''HeatingSomething'' in which the surface of an organic object is heated sufficiently to cause noticeable chemical changes (but not necessarily a ''Charring'', which is an included subtype). The changes may not be undesirable, as in the case of intentional 'Charring' of foods Includes RHW senses 1 and 2 of verb 'scorch' : 1.too affect the color, taste, etc., of by burning slightly: The collar of the shirt was yellow where the iron had scorched it. 2. to parch or shrivel with heat: The sun scorched the grass. Includes senses 2, 4, and 5 of 'scorch' and senses 1 and 2 of verb 'singe' in WordNet: 2. scorch, sear, singe - (become superficially burned; 'my eyebrows singed when I bent over the flames') 4. char, blacken, sear, scorch - (burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color; 'The cook blackened the chicken breast'; 'The fire charred the ceiling above the mantelpiece'; 'the flames scorched the ceiling') 5. scorch - (become scorched or singed under intense heat or dry conditions; 'The exposed tree scorched in the hot sun') WN verb 'singe': 1. (1) singe, swinge - (burn superficially or lightly; 'I singed my eyebrows')
Super-classes	HeatingProcess^c BecomingEvent^c ActingOnSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value OrganicMaterialObject^c hadThingAffected^op value SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c causes^op value ChemicalDecomposition^c
Sub-classes	Charring^c

Scorekeeper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scorekeeper`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scorekeeper' in WordNet: 1. scorekeeper, scorer - (an official who records the score during the progress of a game)`
Super-classes	SportsOfficial^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Scorekeeping^c

Scorekeeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scorekeeping`
Description	''Scorekeeping'' is a ''MakingaRecord'' of the official 'score' in a contest, usually athletic.
Super-classes	MakingaRecord^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Scorekeeper^c

Scorer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scorer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scorer' in WordNet: 1. scorer - (a player who makes a score in a game or contest)`
Super-classes	RoleCreatedByEvent^c Player^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ScoringPoints^c

ScoringPoints^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScoringPoints`
Description	''ScoringPoints'' is a ''MakingaGain'' in a Game or Contest where a 'score' is kept; the number of points for any given''ScoringPoints'' Action varies with the game, and with the type of Action within any given Game. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'score' in WordNet: 1. (18) score, hit, tally, rack up - (gain points in a game; 'The home team scored many times'; 'He hit a home run'; 'He hit .300 in the past season') WN noun 'score': 10. score - (the act of scoring in a game or sport; 'the winning score came with less than a minute left to play')`
Super-classes	MakingaGain^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op some GamePoints^c
Sub-classes	ScoringaGoal^c ScoringaTouchdown^c ScoringaFieldGoal^c ScoringaRun^c

ScoringaFieldGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScoringaFieldGoal`
Description	''ScoringaFieldGoal'' is a ''ScoringPoints'' in a game of AmericanFootball where the scoring team gains ''ThreePoints''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field goal' in WordNet: 1. (2) field goal - (a score in American football; a score made by kicking the ball between the opponents' goal posts)`
Super-classes	ScoringPoints^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op value ThreePoints^c

ScoringaGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScoringaGoal`
Description	''ScoringaGoal'' is a ''ScoringPoints'' in Soccer or Bsketball or other Sport where a scoring act is called a 'goal'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'goal' in WordNet: 2. (194) goal - (a successful attempt at scoring; 'the winning goal came with less than a minute left to play')`
Super-classes	ScoringPoints^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value SoccerGame^c
Sub-classes	FieldGoal^c

ScoringaRun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScoringaRun`
Description	''ScoringaRun'' is a ''ScoringPoints'' in Baseball, where one point is scored. This can be part of a multiple score, as when a batter bats in more than one runner - up to four ''Run''s for a 'grand slam home run'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'run' in WordNet: 1. (18) run, tally - (a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely; 'the Yankees scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th'; 'their first tally came in the 3rd inning')`
Super-classes	ScoringPoints^c
Restrictions	produces^op value OnePoint^c isaSubEventOf^op some BaseballGame^c
Sub-classes	RunBattedIn^c

ScoringaTouchdown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScoringaTouchdown`
Description	''ScoringaTouchdown'' is a ''ScoringPoints'' in a game of AmericanFootball where the scoring team gains ''SixPoints''. @mod65 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'touchdown' in WordNet: 1. (4) touchdown - (a score in American football; being in possession of the ball across the opponents' goal line)
Super-classes	ScoringPoints^c
Restrictions	hasThingAcquired^op value SixPoints^c

Scorpion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scorpion`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scorpion' in WordNet: 3. scorpion - (arachnid of warm dry regions having a long segmented tail ending in a venomous sting)
Super-classes	VenomousAnimal^c Arachnid^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Stinger^c hasSurfacePart^op value Stinger^c

Scot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Scot' in WordNet: 1. (5) Scot, Scotsman, Scotchman - (a native or inhabitant of Scotland)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scotland^c

ScotchTerrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScotchTerrier`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Scotch terrier' in WordNet: 1. Scotch terrier, Scottish terrier, Scottie - (old Scottish breed of small long-haired usually black terrier with erect tail and ears)`
Super-classes	Terrier^c

Scottish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scottish

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Scottish' in Wordnet:
         1. Scots, Scottish, Scotch - (of or relating to or characteristic of Scotland 
             or its people or culture or its English dialect or Gaelic language; 
             "Scots Gaelic"; "the Scots community in New York"; "'Scottish'
             tends to be the more formal term as in 'The Scottish Symphony' or
             'Scottish authors' or 'Scottish mountains'"; "'Scotch' is in disfavor 
             with Scottish people and is used primarily outside Scotland except 
             in such frozen phrases as 'Scotch broth' or 'Scotch whiskey' or 'Scotch plaid'")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ScouringPad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScouringPad`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scouring pad' in WordNet: 1. scouring pad - (a small abrasive cleaning pad used for scouring pots and pans)`
Super-classes	DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c SpongyObject^c DurableGood^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ScouringaSurface^c

ScouringaSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScouringaSurface`
Description	`Corresponds to verb senses 2 and 3 of 'scour' in WordNet: 2. (1) scrub, scour - (clean with hard rubbing; 'She scrubbed his back') 3. scour, abrade - (rub hard or scrub; 'scour the counter tops')`
Super-classes	AbradingSomething^c ApplyingAPressure^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value ScouringPad^c hadObjectCleaned^op value SurfaceOfaHardObject^c

Scout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scout`
Description	A ''Scout'' is a ''Child'' (male or female) who is a member of the BoyScouts or GirlScouts. `OrganizationMembers include noun sense 2 of 'scout' in WordNet. 2. Scout - (a Boy Scout or Girl Scout)`
Super-classes	Child^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value ScoutingOrganization^c

ScoutTroop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScoutTroop`
Description	A ''ScoutTroop'' is one local group of young boys organized under the rulesof the ''Boy Scouts' or Girl Scouts. . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troop' in Wordnet: 3. troop, scout troop, scout group - (a unit of girl or boy scouts)`
Super-classes	ScoutingOrganization^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op value ScoutingOrganization^c

ScoutingAhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScoutingAhead`
Description	''ScoutingAhead'' is an ''ExplorationSearch'' in which a Person or small GroupOfPeople go into some Region where others may want to go, or where some problems may be arising, to see what is there. This can be used for any kind of going ahead of a group, including military 'scouting' to determine if any enemy forces are present in a Region. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scout' in WordNet: 1. (2) scout, reconnoiter, reconnoitre - (explore, often with the goal of finding something or somebody)`
Super-classes	ExplorationSearch^c CheckingUpOnSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op value InformationAboutaPlace^c
Sub-classes	Reconnaissance^c

ScoutingOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScoutingOrganization`
Description	Any private sector social organization calling themselves 'scouts' (or 'Guides' e.g. in Russia, 'young pioneers') organized with the purpose of providing constructive and potentially educational activities for young people. This includes the ''BoyScouts'' and ''GirlScouts'', and the 'Explorers' for older youth.
Super-classes	SocialOrganization^c
Sub-classes	ScoutTroop^c GirlScouts^c BoyScouts^c

Scowling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scowling`
Description	''Scowling'' expresses not only ''Dislike'' but also ''Dspleasure''. This may need differentiation from parent ''Frowning''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scowl' in WordNet: 1. (3) scowl - (frown with displeasure)`
Super-classes	Frowning^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Displeasure^c

ScrambledEggs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrambledEggs`
Description	The edible portion of a bird's egg, cooked until solid (usually in a pan) and considered as a food substance. Can be eaten alone or with added materials (as in an omelette) `Seea also ''Souffle'' for eggs whipped to a lighter aerated consistency. CYC 'ScrambledEgg': An egg which has been scrambled. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrambled eggs' in WordNet: 1. scrambled eggs - (eggs beaten and cooked to a soft firm consistency while stirring)`
Super-classes	SolidFood^c Egg-Foodstuff^c BreakfastFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value BirdsEgg^c hasComponentSubstance^op value EggWhiteStuff^c isProducedByEventType^op value ScramblingFoodStuff^c hasComponentSubstance^op value EggYolkStuff^c

Scrambling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scrambling

Description

''Scrambling'' is a moving on foot (''Ambulation'') but in a hurried fashion,so it is not a 'walking' action.

       **not** for 'scrambling eggs'**

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scramble' in WordNet:
             1. (9) scramble - (to move hurriedly; 'The friend scrambled after them')

Super-classes Hurrying^c
LocomotionProcess-Animal^c

ScramblingFoodStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScramblingFoodStuff`
Description	''ScramblingFoodStuff'' is an ''AgitatingAnObject in which the rod-like object used to mix some SolidFood is moved vigorously through the stuff so as to create a fine mixture, or in the case of the subtype ''WhippingFood'', to aerate the working material and possibly change a mostly liquid to a more solid state. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'scramble' in WordNet: 4. beat, scramble - (stir vigorously; 'beat the egg whites'; 'beat the cream')`
Super-classes	AgitatingAnObject^c
Restrictions	produces^op value HomogeneousObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vigorous^c
Sub-classes	WhippingFoodStuff^c

Scrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scrap`
Description	Any Trash that can be recycled into usable material, as opposed to the other tpes of ''Trash'' which is so worthless as to be only fit to burn or dump in a landfill. The material picked up by a municipality as 'recyclables' is an instance of this type. `Corresponds approximately to sense 4 of 'scrap' in RHW: 4. an old, discarded, or rejected item or substance for use in reprocessing or as raw material, as old metal that can be melted and reworked. WordNet does not have a sense of 'scrap' corresponding to this type.`
Super-classes	Trash^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recyclable^c

ScrapIron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrapIron`
Description	''ScrapIron'' is ''Scrap' consisting mostly of Iron(or Steel), Usually this is applied to used iron objects collected together to be recycled.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrap iron' in WordNet: 1. scrap iron - (iron to be melted again and reworked)`
Super-classes	Trash^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Iron^c

Scrapbook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scrapbook`
Description	The WN gloss indicates that there are 'blank' pages, but all of the pages in an album may have been filled and it is still an album. It had blank pages when new. `CYC: The collection for scrapbooks; books with empty pages where you can stick pictures, newspaper articles, or other things you want to keep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrapbook' in WordNet: 1. scrapbook - (an album into which clippings or notes or pictures can be pasted)`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	mayHavePart^op value Photograph^c mayHavePart^op value Clipping^c

Scrape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scrape`
Description	A ''Scrape'' is a ''Blemish'' that was created by ''ScrapingSomething''. This is a Physicalobject consisting of the part of an Object that has been marred by the ''ScrapingSomething'' Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrape' in WordNet: 4. scratch, scrape, scar, mark - (an indication of damage)`
Super-classes	ScratchOnAnObject^c Mark^c Blemish^c DepressionOnObject^c LineOnaSurface^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ScrapingSomething^c

ScrapingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrapingSomething`
Description	The event in which some object is abraded by moving across a ''RoughSurface''. Includes verb senses 1,2 and 3 of 'scrape' in RHW: 1. to deprive of or free from an outer layer, adhering matter, etc., or to smooth by drawing or rubbing something, esp. a sharp or rough instrument, over the surface: to scrape a table to remove paint and varnish. 2. to remove (an outer layer, adhering matter, etc.) in this way: to scrape the paint and varnish from a table. 3. to scratch, injure, or mar the surface of in this way: to scrape one's arm on a rough wall. Includes verb senses 3 and 6 of 'scrape' in WordNet: 3. (1) scratch, scrape, scratch up - (cut the surface of; wear away the surface of) 6. skin, scrape - (bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of; 'The boy skinned his knee when he fell')
Super-classes	AbradingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value RoughSurface^c produces^op value Scrape^c
Sub-classes	Scuffing^c

ScratchOnAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScratchOnAnObject`
Description	A ''ScratchOnAnObject'' is a ''Blemish'' that is a ''LineOnaSurface'' that is formed by scratching an object, which is to make a depression on the surface by removing some surface material in a linear path on the surface. `This is mostly used for artifacts, where a scratch on a car or furniture is an annoying ''Blemish'' that potentially reduces the value. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scratch' in Wordnet: 2. incision, scratch, prick, slit, dent - (a depression scratched or carved into a surface)`
Super-classes	Mark^c Blemish^c DepressionOnObject^c LineOnaSurface^c
Sub-classes	Scrape^c Scuff^c

ScratchingAnItch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScratchingAnItch`
Description	A ''ScratchingAnItch'' action is when an animal - human or not - uses the hand (or for animals, often the leg) to rub the Skin, usually with fingernails or claws, to relieve an ''Itch''. `This is not a subtype of ''ScratchingSomething'', as that type is a 'cutting' action, wehreas this type is a 'rubbing' action. In CYC labeled 'ScratchingOneself': CYC: Animal (including people) scratching to relieve an itch. This is typically done with the hand for humans,but sometimes other instruments are used. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'scratch' in Wordnet: 3. (1) rub, scratch, itch - (scrape or rub as if to relieve itching; 'Don't scratch your insect bites!')`
Super-classes	BodyMovementEvent^c PersonalGrooming^c Rubbing^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op some LimbType^c hadAffectedBodypart^op value Skin^c

ScratchingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScratchingSomething`
Description	''ScratchingSomething'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' that does not cut the object into pieces, but only cuts a linear ''ScratchOnAnObject'' into the surface of the object. It may also produce shavings of any size, but they may not be noticeable and are usually not of significance. `NOTe that ''ScratchingAnItch'' is not a subtype, as it is not a 'cutting' action. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'scratch' in WordNet: 2. (8) scratch, scrape, scratch up - (cut the surface of; wear away the surface of)`
Super-classes	AbradingSomething^c MarkingOnASurface^c CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ScratchOnAnObject^c hadObjectModified^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c

Screaming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Screaming

Description

An instance of #$ControllableAutonomousActionType and a specialization of #$MakingAnOralSound. Each instance of #$Screaming is an event in which an agent makes a loud, piercing oral sound, often as an expression of #$Fear or #$Anger. The sound made in an instance of #$Screaming (i.e. the scream) may or may not be articulate.

        NOTE: this type does not include 'yelling' words in a loud voice to
         communicate something; for that sense use 'Shouting'.

        Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'scream' in WordNet; not included
        is the sense of shouting something to be understood at a distance,
        or over other noise:   in WordNet:
          1. (25) shout, shout out, cry, call, yell, scream, holler,
          hollo, squall - - (utter a sudden loud cry; 'she cried with pain when 
          the doctor inserted the needle'; 'I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me')

Super-classes MakingAnOralSound^c

Screen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Screen`
Description	In CYC called 'Screen-Mesh': A piece of woven mesh used in windows, fireplace screens. This is just the mesh ''PhysicalObject''- things containing screening as a part are separate senses. See ''WindowScreen'' `This can be made of metal or other solid material (as plastic) that can be made into flexible lines that can be interwoven. A 'Screen' is a Sheetlike Physical Barrier that only allows passage of objects below a certain size. It can be used to filter out objects from liquids or gases. Corresponds to part (for mesh only) of noun sense 1 of 'screen' in WordNet: 2. (3) blind, screen - (something that keeps things out or hinders sight; 'they had just moved in and had not put up blinds yet')`
Super-classes	Mesh^c Surface-Open^c Surface-Physical^c SheetArtifact^c SheetlikeBarrier^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c PhysicalFilter^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c FreeSheet^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Screening^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value WebLike^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c

ScreenDoor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScreenDoor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'screen door' in WordNet: 1. (2) screen door, screen - (a door that consists of a frame holding metallic or plastic netting; used to allow ventilation and to keep insects from entering a building through the open door; 'he heard the screen slam as she left')`
Super-classes	Door^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Screen^c

Screening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Screening`
Description	''Screening'' is a woven ''Fabric'' that is made of metal or plastic in which the area of the pores is at least as large as the are of the metal or plastic threads. This is the material used to make a 'screen' to keep insects out of a building while allowing outside air to flow in. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'screening' in WordNet: 2. screening - (fabric of metal or plastic mesh)`
Super-classes	Fabric^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op some MetalOrPlastic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c

ScreeningaGroupOfThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScreeningaGroupOfThings`
Description	''ScreeningaGroupOfThings'' is a ''SelectingAmong'' that is a simple ''Classifying'' in which a Group of Objects or Substances is examined to deterine if any among them have a specific desirable or undesirable characteristic, so as to treat those selected in an apropriate way different from the way the remainder of the Group is treated. This generate only two resulting subgroups. This is a broadly applicable type of Activity, including screening samples of substances (e.g. by pharmaceutical companies) for possible therapeutic activity ('drug screening'), sreening passengers or baggage at an airport or checkpoint to determine if any present a threat; checking the qualifications of students or employment candidates for admission or employment; culling a group to weed out those that are not satisfactory for a purpose; and other similar actions. Those specific actions would be subtypes. CYC: 'ScreeningOut' (this COSMO type may also be a 'screening in') #$ScreeningOut refers to the collection of all screening actions in which some elements of a list (or set) are removed from the list according to a particular set of (possibly arbitrary) selection criteria. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'screen' in WordNet: 1. (2) screen, test - (test or examine for the presence of disease or infection; 'screen the blood for the HIV virus') 2. (2) screen - (examine methodically; 'screen the suitcases') 3. screen, screen out, sieve, sort - (examine in order to test suitability; 'screen these samples'; 'screen the job applicants') WN noun 'screening': 4. screening - (testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics)
Super-classes	Classifying^c SelectingAmong^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value SelectionCriterion^c causes^op some YesNoDecision^c

Screenplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Screenplay`
Description	COSMO note: This is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document that is a subtype of ''PlayScript''. Each Screenplay is a Specification for how actors are to behave while executing the actions and dialogue. This is for scripts that are intended for performance that is recorded in some visual format, whether film or electronic media. `CYC: The outline of a #$Movie-CW or #$TVShow-CW, giving the action in the order in which it takes place, the description of scenes and characters, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'screenplay' in WordNet: 1. (1) screenplay - (a script for a film including dialogue and descriptions of characters and sets)`
Super-classes	DramaScript^c DramaticComposition^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only MoviePerformance^c

Screenwriter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Screenwriter`
Description	A ''Screenwriter'' is a ''Writer'' who writes a ''DramaScript-Physical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'screenwriter' in WordNet: 1. screenwriter, film writer - (someone who writes screenplays)`
Super-classes	ScriptWriter^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op some Screenplay^c

Screw-Connector^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Screw-Connector

Description

COSMO note: this is for shaft-shaped screws that can connect to a 'Nut-TheDevice'. Tapered screws such as wood screws are separately represented.as 'TaperedScrew'.

    Cyc: Any Fastener that has threads and is designed to
      hold PhysicalObjects together by connecting with a matched threaded 
      Connector on or behind the second object.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'screw' in WordNet:
         2. screw - (a simple machine of the inclined-plane type 
            consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that
            engages with a similarly threaded hole)

Super-classes Fastener^c
ThreadedDevice^c
Shaft^c

ScrewCapVial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrewCapVial`
Description	A ''ScrewCapVial'' is a ''Vial'' with a cap that can be screwed on and off. To reversibly close it. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'vial' in WordNet: 1. phial, vial, ampule, ampul, ampoule - (a small bottle that contains a drug (especially a sealed sterile container for injection by needle))`
Super-classes	Vial^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ScrewTopCap^c

ScrewShaped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrewShaped`
Description	The shape attribute of a TaperedScrew (tapered, conical, not cylindrical), and having a spiral thread on the outside.
Super-classes	LongConeShaped^c

ScrewShapedObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrewShapedObject

Description

Generic screw shape. For physical objects, see subtypes: 'Screw-Connector' (threads into a 'Nut-TheDevice') and 'TaperedScrew' (e.g. wood screws).
NOTE that instances of this type only need to have some significant part in the shape of a screw, such as 'Nut-TheDevice' and 'Screw-Connector', where the gross external shape (the 'ConvexHull') of the device does not look at all helical.

        Cyc:  An instance of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType.  This
        is the collection of all screw-shaped objects, whether
        spatially-localized or abstract.  Each instance of
        #$ScrewShapedObject is roughly cylindrical or conical in
        shape, but has an external spiral  thread  starting at one
        end and running along most or all of its length.  A
        screw-shaped object typically has a solid central axis.
        Specializations of this collection include #$Screw-Connector
        and #$DrillBit.  Note that, while a few #$CorkScrews are
        #$ScrewShapedObjects, most (like those on Swiss Army knives)
        are actually instances of #$Helix.

Super-classes ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c

ScrewTopCap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrewTopCap`
Description	A 'ScrewTopCap' is a cap for a ContainerWithTopCap, for which the cap and container have screwed sections intended to fit together so as to close the container. The ScrewTopCap could be a bottle cap or a jar lid, or perhaps some other device of similar function..
Super-classes	TopCap^c ThreadedDevice^c

Screwdriver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Screwdriver`
Description	A hand tool used for 'ScrewingSomething' or 'UnscrewingSomething' screws, whether tapered or cylindrical. Typically has a handle, but `NOTE that this type of 'Screwdriver' is prototypical, and must have a 'StraightHandle'. SUMO: A Device that is used to pound Nails into a surface, where they become firmly attached. COSMO note: this Type is for the traditional straight Screwdriver, though it may be purely hand-powered or battery-powered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'screwdriver' in WordNet: 1. (1) screwdriver - (a hand tool for driving screws; has a tip that fits into the head of a screw)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c CarpentryTool^c SimpleTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value StraightHandle^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ScrewingSomething^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value UnscrewingSomething^c

ScrewingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrewingSomething`
Description	'ScrewingSomething' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') screws something on (as a cap) or into as a wood screw) another PhysicalObject. This is a form of ''Tightening'' Action. `Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'screw' in WordNet: 3. screw, drive in - (cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion; 'drive in screws or bolts') 4. screw - (tighten or fasten by means of screwing motions; 'Screw the bottle cap on')`
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c Tightening^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value ThreadedDevice^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value UnscrewingSomething^c
Sub-classes	ScrewingaScrewOrNut^c

ScrewingaScrewOrNut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrewingaScrewOrNut`
Description	'ScrewingaScrew' is a 'ScrewingSomething' Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') screws a 'Screw-Connector' (tapered or cyclindrical) into another PhysicalObject (as wood or a 'Nut-Device'), or a 'Nut-TheDevice' onto a cylindrical 'Screw-Connector'. Screwing a screw into a larger object with a properly fitting threaded hole is included. `@ToDo: In spite of the restriction,this does not necessarily use a screwdriver, though it often does. That restriction is a placeholder for more detail. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'screw' in WordNet: 3. screw, drive in - (cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion; 'drive in screws or bolts') 4. screw - (tighten or fasten by means of screwing motions; 'Screw the bottle cap on')`
Super-classes	ScrewingSomething^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value UnscrewingaScrew^c usedDevice^op some (ArtifactObjectType^c or DeviceType^c or Screw-Connector^c or Nut-TheDevice^c) wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value Screwdriver^c

Scribble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scribble`
Description	The hand-written text produced by ''Scribbling'', often difficult to read. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scribble' in WordNet: 1. scribble, scratch, scrawl, cacography - (poor handwriting)`
Super-classes	HandwrittenText^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Scribbling^c

Scribbling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scribbling`
Description	''Scribbling' is a ''WritingByHand'' in a careless (not careful) manner, often producing an unreadable or barely readable ''Scribble''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'scribble' in WordNet: 2. scribble, scrawl - (write carelessly)`
Super-classes	WritingByHand^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Scribble^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Careless^c

Scribe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scribe`
Description	A person hired to perform ''WritingByHand''. This was a common occupation before literacy became widespread and before typwriters and computer printers were invented. The things written were too varied to enumerate. A 'scribe'(of sorts) wrote the 'Declaration of Independence'. 'I say unto you, that except your righteousnesss shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and pharisees ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.' Matthew 5:20 `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scribe' in WordNet: 3. copyist, scribe, scrivener - (someone employed to make written copies of documents and manuscripts)`
Super-classes	Employee^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WritingByHand^c

ScriptDialogue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScriptDialogue`
Description	A ''ScriptDialogue'' is the part of the 'DramaticComposition' that specifies the words that the characters should speak, and in which sequence. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dialogue' in WordNet: 2. (2) dialogue, dialog - (the lines spoken by characters in drama or fiction)`
Super-classes	LiteraryWork^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only DramaticPerformance^c isaProperPartOf^op value PlayScript^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value Speaking^c

ScriptWriter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScriptWriter`
Description	A ''ScriptWriter'' is a ''Writer'' who writes a ''DramaScript-Physical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scriptwriter' in WordNet: 1. scriptwriter - (someone who writes scripts for plays or movies or broadcast dramas)`
Super-classes	Writer^c
Restrictions	isTheAuthorOf^op some DramaScript-Physical^c
Sub-classes	Screenwriter^c Playwright^c

Scripture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scripture`
Description	A SacredText that is taken as presenting the core basis for some religion. This is applied mostly to the Hebrew and Christian bibles and to the Koran, but is also applied to other texts such as the 'Vedic Scriptures' of the Hindu religion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scripture' in Wordnet: 2. scripture, sacred scripture - (any writing that is regarded as sacred by a religious group)`
Super-classes	SacredText^c
Sub-classes	Koran^c OldTestament^c NewTestament^c Gospel^c Bible^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheFourGospels

Scriptwriter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scriptwriter`
Description	CYC: The collection of persons who write for periodicals.
Super-classes	Expert^c Professional-Adult^c MediaProfessional^c Person^c Writer^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value ReportingNews^c

Scroll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scroll`
Description	A ''Scroll'' is a ''Document-Physical'' produced as a long sheet and rolled up onto one or two cylinders and read by unrolling it from the cylinder, or between the two cyliders. In ancient times it was handwritten, but modern scrolls can be printed, as for the Torah used in Jewish services. `CYC: This collection includes documents printed or written on rolled paper. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 2. scroll, roll - (a document that can be rolled up (as for storage))`
Super-classes	Manuscript^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value ScrollShape^c

ScrollShape^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrollShape

Description

A ''ScrollShape'' is a ''RoundShape'' that is approximately cylindrical overall, but is composed of a long rolled-up sheet that has a cross-section of multiple spirals, from some point at or near the center to the outer edge.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scroll' in WordNet:
       1. coil, whorl, roll, curl, curlicue, ringlet, gyre, scroll - 
          (a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles 
            (as formed by leaves or flower petals))

Super-classes Shape^c

Scrolling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scrolling`
Description	''Scrolling'' performing some Action that causes the main display part of a scrollable 'Window' on a computer screen to move either up or down. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 1. scroll - (move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the screen; 'Scroll down to see the entire text')`
Super-classes	CausingAnObjectToMove^c ModifyingaComputerDisplay^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value ComputerDisplayView^c
Sub-classes	ScrollingDown^c ScrollingUp^c

ScrollingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrollingDown`
Description	''ScrollingDown'' is a subtype of ''Scrolling'' in which the main display part of a scrollable 'Window' on a computer screen moves down. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 1. scroll - (move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the screen; 'Scroll down to see the entire text')`
Super-classes	Scrolling^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value ComputerDisplayView^c

ScrollingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrollingUp`
Description	''ScrollingUp'' is a subtype of ''Scrolling'' in which the main display part of a scrollable 'Window' on a computer screen moves up. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 1. scroll - (move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the screen; 'Scroll down to see the entire text')`
Super-classes	Scrolling^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value ComputerDisplayView^c

Scrotum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scrotum`
Description	CYC: The collection of all scrotums (or 'scrota'). An individual #$Scrotum is an external sac (#$Sac-Organic) of Skin, attached near the base of the #$Penis, which encloses the #$Testicles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrotum' in WordNet: 1. scrotum - (the external pouch that contains the testes)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c Sac-Organic^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value Penis^c isAtTheEndOf^op value Penis^c physicallyContains^op value Testicle^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value MaleAnimal^c

ScrubBrush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScrubBrush`
Description	A ''ScrubBrush'' is a ''Brush'' with stiff bristles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrub brush' in WordNet: 1. scrub brush, scrubbing brush, scrubber - (a brush with short stiff bristles for heavy cleaning)`
Super-classes	CleaningImplement^c Brush^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ShortBristles^c isUsedInAction^op value Scrubbing^c hasComponentPart^op min 25

Scrubbing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scrubbing

Description

''Scrubbing'' is type of ''WashingEvent'' in which the cleaning action is made more effective by ''Rubbing'' the object to be cleaned. This Action may use a ''ScrubBrush'' but the rubbing may be done by another implement such as a cloth.

        CYC: Cleaning by vigorously rubbing, usually with a
        sponge or a brush.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scrub' in WordNet:
          1. (4) scrub, scour - (clean with hard rubbing; 'She scrubbed his back')

Super-classes WashingEvent^c
Rubbing^c
HandlingADevice^c

Scrutiny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scrutiny`
Description	A thorough inspection or examination. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'examination' and sense 1 of 'scrutiny' in WordNet: 1. (15) examination, scrutiny - (the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)) WN verb 'scrutinize': 1. (6) size up, take stock, scrutinize, scrutinise - (to look at critically or searchingly, or in minute detail; 'he scrutinized his likeness in the mirror') 2. audit, scrutinize, scrutinise, inspect - (examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification; 'audit accounts and tax returns')
Super-classes	Inspection^c CheckingUpOnSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Painstaking^c
Sub-classes	MedicalExamination^c Autopsy^c Comparing^c

ScubaDiving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScubaDiving`
Description	''ScubaDiving'' is a ''SwimmingUnderwater'' while using a ''SCUBA'' to allow breathing and staying under water for much longer than possible without some breathing device. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scuba diving' in WordNet: 1. scuba diving - (skin diving with scuba apparatus)`
Super-classes	SkinDiving^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value SCUBA^c

Scuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scuff`
Description	A ''Scuff'' is a ''Blemish'' that was created by ''Scuffing'', and is a noticeable mark caused by abrasion during use. This is used most commonly for 'Scuff' marks on the outer surface of ''Shoe''s. `This is a Physicalobject consisting of the part of an Object that has been marred by the ''Scuffing'' Event. RHW 'scuff': 11. a marred or scratched place on an item, as from scraping or wear.`
Super-classes	ScratchOnAnObject^c Mark^c Blemish^c DepressionOnObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Scuffing^c

Scuffed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scuffed`
Description	''Scuffed'' is an AttributeValue of the surface of an ArtifactObject that experienced a ''Scuffing''.
Super-classes	Damaged^c

Scuffing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scuffing`
Description	Scuffing happens to certain materials (e.g: leather) as a result of processes involving physical contact and is a special case of wear and tear. `RHW 'scuff': 3. to mar by scraping or hard use, as shoes or furniture. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'scuff' in WordNet: 2. scuff - (get or become scuffed; 'These patent leather shoes scuffed') 3. scuff - (mar by scuffing; 'scuffed shoes')`
Super-classes	WearingDownFromUse^c ScrapingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Blemish^c

Scuffling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scuffling`
Description	''Scuffling'' is a ''Fight-Physical'' that occurs among a small number of people, less violent than a ''Brawl''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'scuffle' in WordNet: 2. scuffle, tussle - (fight or struggle in a confused way at close quarters; 'the drunken men started to scuffle') WN noun 'scuffle': 1. (3) hassle, scuffle, tussle, dogfight, rough-and-tumble - (disorderly fighting)`
Super-classes	Fight-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HittingaPerson^c

Scull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scull`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scull' in WordNet: 3. scull - (a racing shell that is propelled by sculls)`
Super-classes	RacingShell^c
Restrictions	uses^op value ScullOar^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Smaller^c

ScullOar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ScullOar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scull' in WordNet: 1. scull - (a long oar that is mounted at the stern of a boat and moved left and right to propel the boat forward)`
Super-classes	LongOar^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value ShipsStern^c

Sculpting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sculpting`
Description	CYC: This collection includes instances of shaping an image or representation from a (semi)solid material (such as wood, stone, or metal) by removing material, usually resulting in a three-dimensional work of art. `This type ''Sculpting'' is for creating a ''Sculpture'' by carving a solid object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sculpt' in WordNet: 1. sculpt, sculpture - (create by shaping stone or wood or any other hard material; 'sculpt a swan out of a block of ice') 2. sculpt, sculpture, grave - (shape (a material like stone or wood) by whittling away at it; 'She is sculpting the block of marble into an image of her husband')`
Super-classes	CreatingAnArtObject^c IBOCreation^c VisualArtActivity^c CarvingSomething^c ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Sculptured^c isPerformedBy^op value Sculptor^c produces^op value Sculpture^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Wrought^c

Sculptor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sculptor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sculptor' in WordNet: 1. (3) sculptor, sculpturer, carver, statue maker - (an artist who creates sculptures)`
Super-classes	VisualArtist^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Sculpting^c canCreate^op value Sculpture^c

Sculptural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sculptural

Description

''Sculptural'' can pertain to ''Sculpture'' as artwork, or to the appearance of an object that looks as though it was formed by ''Sculpting''. For things not made by ''Sculpting'' but by another process that shapes objects, use ''Sculpturesque'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sculptural' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) sculptural - (relating to or consisting of sculpture; 'sculptural embellishments')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sculpture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sculpture`
Description	Each Sculpture is a three-dimensional Object. All Scultpure is considered as a FineArtObject in COSMO, including things such as the friezes on a building (though not architecture itself); and fountains that are sculpture pieces but only incidentally are used to move water - which could be done in a less expensive way if the primary purpose was to move water. Fountains that merely move water with pipes, even if in some artistic array, are not considered as Sculpture in this sense. A ''Sculpture'' can be produe in any manner, e.g. by carving, molding or casting, or assembling from parts. Cyc: A specialization of #$ArtObject. Each instance of this collection is a tangible three-dimensional work of art. Buildings are not included, even though sculptural features of buildings (such as friezes) are. Types of #$Sculpture include stone statues, friezes, wood carvings, pipes welded into abstract art sculptures, etc. Example instances: the #$StatueOfLiberty, the #$MountRushmoreMonument, Michelangelo's David, the friezes on the #$Parthenon, the Buddhas at Longan. See also #$Sculptor. COSMO note: thus type includes cast sculptures such as bronzes, or ceramic figurines, not merely those carved by hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sculpture' in WordNet: 1. (9) sculpture - (a three-dimensional work of plastic art)
Super-classes	FineArtObject^c DurableGood^c StillImageSource^c HexalateralObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Sculpting^c isProducedByEventType^op value Sculpting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sculptural^c hasShape^op value ThreeDimensional^c
Sub-classes	CarvedArtwork^c Figurine^c Bust^c CarvedObject^c BronzeSculpture^c Statue^c StoneSculpture^c IceSculpture^c

Sculptured^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sculptured

Description

''Sculptured'' is an Attribute of a something that was produced by ''Sculpting''. For objects with a shape reminiscent of an art ''Sculpture'' that were not produced by ''Sculpting'' use ''Sculpturesque''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sculptured' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) graven, sculpted, sculptured - (cut into a desired shape; 'graven images';
             'sculptured representations')

Super-classes Wrought^c

Sculpturesque^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sculpturesque

Description

''Sculpturesque'' characterizes Object that appear as though their shape was created by a ''Sculpting'' process (though they are not). However, true ''Sculpture''s are created by ''Sculpting' and have the attribute ''Sculptured''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sculpturesque' in Wordnet:
         1. modeled, sculptural, sculptured, sculpturesque - (resembling sculpture;
         'her finely modeled features'2; 'rendered with...vivid sculptural effect';
         'the sculpturesque beauty of the athletes' bodies')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
PastParticiple^c

Scurvy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scurvy`
Description	A condition arising from having a vitamin C deficiency. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scurvy' in WordNet: 1. scurvy, scorbutus - (a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C))`
Super-classes	Avitaminosis^c DietaryDeficiencyCondition^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value VitaminC^c

Scuttle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scuttle`
Description	A ''Scuttle'' is a ''Bucket'' used for carrying ''Coal''. `RHW: 1. a deep bucket for carrying coal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scuttle' in WordNet: 1. scuttle, coal scuttle - (container for coal; shaped to permit pouring the coal onto the fire)`
Super-classes	OpenTopContainer^c Bucket^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Coal^c

Scythe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scythe`
Description	A Device which consists of a long handle, and a head having a long curved knife blade for reaping tall crops by cutting at the base. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scythe' in WordNet: 1. scythe - (an edge tool for cutting grass; has a long handle that must be held with both hands and a curved blade that moves parallel to the ground)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c HandTool^c CuttingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value LongHandle^c hasPhysicalPart^op value CurvedBlade^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ReapingCrops^c

Sea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sea`
Description	A specialization of both #$BodyOfWater-Large and #$SeaWater. Each instance of #$Sea is a body of salt water as large as (or larger than) a lake. Instances of #$Sea include #$PacificOcean, #$IonianSea, #$EastChinaSea, and #$BlackSea. COSMO note: Some lakes having 'Sea' in the name are actually composed of fresh water. The term 'Sea' in COSMO is used specifically for bodies of salt water, whether they are or are not connected to an ocean, and large fresh water lakes are not instances. The Dead Sea is an instance, as are all the oceans and the seas and bays connected to the oceans, such as the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. NOTE: a ''Sea'' and other ''BodyOfWater''s include the thin layer of 'bed' underneath. ??the Great Salt lake in Utah?? Not if a Sea must be connected to an Ocean. That is implied but not yet logically specified either way. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea' in WordNet: 1. (38) sea - (a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land)
Super-classes	Habitat^c InanimateObject-Natural^c BodyOfSaltWater^c BodyOfWater-Large^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SeaWater^c
Sub-classes	Ocean^c AtSea^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheCaribbeanSea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MediterraneanSea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedSea http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBalticSea

SeaBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaBed`
Description	A ''SeaBed'' is the thin layer of ground that underlies a ''BodyOfSaltWater''. This includes the 'beds' of any ''BodyOfSaltWater'' of any size including bays, channels, straits, and lagoons, that are connected directly or indirectly with an ''Ocean''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seabed' in WordNet: 1. ocean floor, ocean bottom, seabed, sea bottom, Davy Jones's locker, Davy Jones - (the bottom of a sea or ocean)`
Super-classes	WaterBodyBed^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Sea^c isTheBottomPartOf^op value Sea^c isDirectlyBelow^op value BodyOfSaltWater^c supports^op value BodyOfSaltWater^c

SeaBillow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaBillow`
Description	A ''SeaBillow'' is a ''Billow'' that s a large rounded ''WaterWave'' in a ''BodyOfWater'', which does not have to be a ''Sea'', it could be a Lake or a large river.. `RHW noun 'billow': 1. a great wave or surge of the sea. Coresponds to noun sense 1 of 'billow' in WordNet: 1. billow, surge - (a large sea wave)`
Super-classes	WaterObject^c Billow^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BodyOfWater^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

SeaCow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaCow`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea cow' in WordNet: 1. sea cow, sirenian mammal, sirenian - (any of two families of large herbivorous aquatic mammals with paddle-shaped tails and flipper-like forelimbs and no hind limbs)`
Super-classes	SeaMammal^c
Sub-classes	Manatee^c

SeaCucumber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaCucumber

Description

A specialization of #$Echinodermata. Sea cucumbers are common echinoderms.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea cucumber' in WordNet:
          1. sea cucumber, holothurian - (echinoderm having
            a flexible sausage-shaped body, tentacles surrounding 
            the mouth and tube feet; free-living mud feeders)

Super-classes Echinodermata^c

SeaHorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaHorse`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sea horse' in WordNet: 2. seahorse, sea horse - (small fish with horselike heads bent sharply downward and curled tails; swim in upright position)`
Super-classes	MarineOrganism^c NonHumanAnimal^c Fish^c

SeaLion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaLion

Description

WN parent 'pinniped' omitted.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea lion' in WordNet:
    1. sea lion - (any of several large eared seals of the northern
       Pacific related to fur seals but lacking their valuable coat)

Super-classes EaredSeal^c

SeaMammal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaMammal`
Description	Mammals which spend most of their lives in the ocean. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'aquatic mammal' in WordNet: 1. aquatic mammal - (whales and dolphins; manatees and dugongs; walruses; seals)`
Super-classes	PlacentalMammal^c AquaticMammal^c MarineOrganism^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	SeaCow^c Seal-Animal^c Walrus^c Cetacean^c

SeaOtter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaOtter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea otter' in Wordnet: 1. sea otter, Enhydra lutris - (large marine otter of northern Pacific coasts having very thick dark brown fur)`
Super-classes	Mustelidae^c Otter^c

SeaShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaShell`
Description	The shell of a mollusc such as a clam or oyster. Limestone consists of the remains of the Seashells of many molluscs. This is for one continuous piece of shell substance - a ''Bivalve'' will have two of these. `Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'shell' in WordNet: 10. shell - - (the hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusc)`
Super-classes	BodyCovering^c Shell^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value CalciumCarbonate^c surrounds-3D^op value Mollusk^c

SeaSwell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaSwell`
Description	A large wave without a crest, located on some Sea. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swell' in WordNet: 1. (3) swell, crestless wave - (the undulating movement of the surface of the open sea)`
Super-classes	WaterWave^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Sea^c consistsOfSubstance^op value SeaWater^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	OceanWave^c

SeaTurtle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaTurtle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea turtle' in Wordnet: 1. sea turtle, marine turtle - (any of various large turtles with limbs modified into flippers; widely distributed in warm seas)`
Super-classes	Turtle^c MarineOrganism^c

SeaUrchin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaUrchin

Description

A specialization of #$Echinodermata. Sea urchins are common echinoderms.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea urchin' in Wordnet:
           1. sea urchin - (shallow-water echinoderms having soft bodies 
           enclosed in thin spiny globular shells)

Super-classes Echinodermata^c

SeaVoyage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaVoyage`
Description	A 'SeaVoyage' is a 'LongJourney' that takes place in a boat on an Ocean or part of an Ocean, or on some large Sea `Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'voyage' and part of verb sense 1 of 'sail' (must be on an ocean) in WordNet: 1. (11) ocean trip, voyage - (an act of traveling by water) WN verb 'voyage': 1. voyage, sail, navigate - (travel by boat propelled by wind or by other means; 'The QE2 will sail to Southampton tomorrow') WN verb 'sail': 1. (13) sail - (traverse or travel by ship on (a body of water); 'We sailed the Atlantic'; 'He sailed the Pacific all alone')`
Super-classes	LongJourney^c WaterTravel^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value BodyOfWater-Large^c usesDeviceType^op value Ship^c

SeaWater^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaWater

Description

A specialization of #$Water-Saline. Each instance of #$SeaWater is a portion of salt water with the kind of mineral concentrations found in oceans (see the collection #$Ocean) - including the oceans themselves.

        This is currently used for Seawater in situ as well as that removed
           from an ocean for other uses.

        Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'seawater' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) seawater, saltwater, brine - (water containing salts; 
              'the water in the ocean is all saltwater')

Super-classes Water-Saline^c

Seabird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seabird`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seabird' in WordNet: 1. seabird, sea bird, seafowl - (a bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.)`
Super-classes	AquaticBird^c
Sub-classes	Puffin^c CoastalDivingBird^c Pelican^c

Seafood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seafood`
Description	CYC: The collection of portions of meat of edible fish and shellfish. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seafood' in WordNet: 1. seafood - (edible fish (broadly including freshwater fish) or shellfish or roe etc)`
Super-classes	CulturalThing^c SolidFood^c Meat^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value AquaticOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Mussels^c Caviar^c Shellfish-Food^c

Seagull^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seagull

Description

Shore bird.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seagull' in WordNet:
        1. (1) gull, seagull, sea gull - (mostly white aquatic bird having long pointed 
          wings and short legs)

Super-classes ShoreBird^c
Scavenger^c
Larid^c

Seal-Animal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seal-Animal`
Description	Includes sea-lions and earless or 'true' seals. WN parent 'pinniped' omitted. `Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'seal' in WordNet: 9. seal - (any of numerous marine mammals that come on shore to breed; chiefly of cold regions)`
Super-classes	SeaMammal^c Carnivore^c
Sub-classes	EaredSeal^c

SealDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SealDevice`
Description	A SealDevice is a SecurityDevice that must be visibly broken in order to obtain entry to a sealed container or room, and thereby signifies an intrusion to a StationaryArtifact when subsequently examined, but does not actively issue a warning when broken. It can be as simple as a band of material, often metal, passed between the rings on the PortalCovering and the Portal.
Super-classes	SecurityDevice^c

Sealant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sealant`
Description	Specifically the type of sealant that is applied as a liquid or semiliquid, and congeals into a solid. This includes varnishes and calk and similar products. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sealant' in Wordnet: 1. sealant, sealer - (a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface))`
Super-classes	SolidifyingSubstance^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value SealingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Caulk^c

Sealed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sealed`
Description	''Sealed'' is the attribute of containers that have been made tight and unlikely to leak fluid, due to being subjected to some ''SealingSomething'' Action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sealed' in Wordnet: 2. sealed - (closed or secured with or as if with a seal; 'my lips are sealed'; 'the package is still sealed'; 'the premises are sealed')`
Super-classes	Closed^c
Sub-classes	Leakproof^c

SealingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SealingObject`
Description	A ''SealingObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is intended for or primarily used for ''SealingSomething''. This can be weatherstripping or a layer of solid material that covers a whole surface to stop up pores and cracks, or anything else designed for that purpose. `Liquids or semiliquids that harden after application, that are used as sealant are represented by the type ''Sealant''. This includes varnishes and calk and similar products.`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Plug^c

SealingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SealingSomething`
Description	`Includes parts of noun sense 1 of 'seal' in Wordnet, where a ''Sealant'' is used to close pores, holes or cracks in some physical Object: in WordNet: 1. (4) seal - (close with or as if with a seal; 'She sealed the letter with hot wax') 2. (3) seal, seal off - (make tight; secure against leakage; 'seal the windows')`
Super-classes	ClosingSomething^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op some (PhysicalObject^c or Sealant^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	PluggingAnOpening^c Waterproofing^c

Seam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seam`
Description	A ''Seam'' is a ''Joint'' (a connecting part between two objects) that forms a line. This is a linear part of an object consisting of the edges on each of two component PhysicalObjects. `Includes sense 1 and 3 of 'seam' in RHW: 1, the line formed by sewing together pieces of cloth, leather, or the like. 3. any line formed by abutting edges. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seam' in WordNet: 1. (2) seam - (joint consisting of a line formed by joining two pieces)`
Super-classes	Joint-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op max 2

Seaman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seaman`
Description	This is for male ''Sailor''s, Navy or civilian.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mariner' in WordNet: 1. mariner, seaman, tar, Jack-tar, Jack, old salt, seafarer, gob, sea dog - (a man who serves as a sailor)`
Super-classes	Sailor^c Man^c
Sub-classes	NavyMan^c

Seamed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seamed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seamed' in Wordnet: 1. seamed - (having or joined by a seam or seams)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Seamless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seamless`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seamless' in Wordnet: 1. seamless - (not having or joined by a seam or seams; 'seamless stockings')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Seamstress^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seamstress

Description

A Woman who produces objects of clothing as a profession.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seamstress' in WordNet:
        1. dressmaker, modiste, needlewoman, seamstress, sempstress - 
           (someone who makes or mends dresses)

Super-classes ProfessionalPerson^c
Woman^c
GarmentMaker^c

Seaport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seaport`
Description	A ''Seaport'' is a ''OutdoorGeographicalObject'' consisting of a ''Harbor'' and adjacent land where some ''PortFacility'' is located, having facilities for loading and/or unloading ships. CYC: The collection of seaports. The entire area, including land area and man-made structures, where boats dock and water traffic is handled. A single seaport contains at least one instance of #$PortFacility. Developed seaports in industrial countries are typically under the jurisdiction of the port authority of the city in which the seaport is located. See also #$PortCity. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'seaport' (port is a different type) and part of noun sense 1 (for sea) of ''Port'' in WordNet: 1. (8) seaport, haven, harbor, harbour - (a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo) WN noun 'port': 1. (5) port - (a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country)
Super-classes	OutdoorGeographicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value PortFacility^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Harbor^c isAdjacentTo^op value BodyOfWater-Large^c

Searcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Searcher`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seeker' in WordNet: 1. (1) seeker, searcher, quester - (someone making a search or inquiry; 'they are seekers after truth')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op only Searching^c
Sub-classes	Finder^c

Searching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Searching`
Description	COSMO: A PurposefulAction in which an Animal takes actions to find something that is not immediately available. This is a broad category, including searching for abstract things like information and for concrete things like lost keys, or for ''Pursuig'' something (even if it is in sight during the pursuit) or for hunting prey. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 5 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'search' in WordNet: 1. (14) search, hunt, hunting - - (the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone) 2. (6) search - - (an investigation seeking answers; 'a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing'; 'the outcome justified the search') 5. search - - (boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas; 'right of search') WN verb 'search': 1. (13) search, seek, look for - (try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of; 'The police are searching for clues'; 'They are searching for the missing man in the entire county') 2. (12) search, look - (search or seek; 'We looked all day and finally found the child in the forest'; 'Look elsewhere for the perfect gift!')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasThingSought^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	SearchingForAnObject^c Peering^c BloodTest^c ExplorationSearch^c Inquiring^c DrillingForOil^c Manhunt^c Quest^c Pursuing^c GropingForSomething^c Dredging-Searching^c SearchingForFood^c

SearchingForAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SearchingForAnObject`
Description	''SearchingForAnObject'' is a type of ''Searching'' for some physical object in some specific location. `'pat down'? For searching a Person for hidden objects. - subtype? RHW 'pat-down': an act or instance of passing the hands over the body of a clothed person to detect concealed weapons, drugs, etc.; frisking. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'search' in WordNet: 4. (2) search - (subject to a search; 'The police searched the suspect'; 'We searched the whole house for the missing keys')`
Super-classes	Searching^c UsingTheHand^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value FindingAPhysicalObject^c hasThingSought^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Frisking^c LookingAroundForSomething^c Rummaging^c

SearchingForFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SearchingForFood`
Description	''SearchingForFood'' is a ''Searching'' that may be performed by humans or non-human animals, with the goal of finding food. `This is part of the activity of ''Foraging'' (by animals) and ''HumanForaging'' by people.`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c Searching^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPursued^op some FoodObject^c
Sub-classes	HumanForaging^c

SearchingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SearchingType`
Description	''SearchingType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Searching, Hunting,and Finding.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	Frisking TrappingOrPursuing ArchaeologicalDigging Dowsing Quest Trapping Dredging-Searching Fishing ScoutingAhead Rummaging Reconnaissance ArchaeologicalExploration Exploring SearchingForAnObject Pursuing TrappingMice GropingForSomething ExplorationSearch GatheringFoodInTheWild Manhunt LookingAroundForSomething ChasingSomething Searching Hunting Prospecting SearchingForFood

Searing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Searing

Description

''Searing'' is an AttributeValue of an Event or Location where a ''SearingEvent'' takes place.

        No WN adj. sense for 'searing'.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SearingEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SearingEvent

Description

''SearingEvent'' is an Event in which something (usually part of an organism) becomes dry from being heated.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sear' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) sear, scorch - (make very hot and dry; 'The heat scorched the countryside')

Super-classes HeatingProcess^c

Season^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Season`
Description	A ''Season''is the ''TimeInterval'' of less than one Year that co-occurs with some ''HumanActivity'' of any kind,such as agriculture, education, entertainment, festivals, or sports. 'Rainy season' is a borderline included cAse, when it is relevant to and has impact on human activities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'season' in WordNet: 1. (335) season - (a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field; 'he celebrated his 10th season with the ballet company'; 'she always looked forward to the avocado season')`
Super-classes	EventIndexedTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	co-occurredWith^op some HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	PreSeason^c PostSeason^c RegularPlayingSeason^c

SeasonOfYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeasonOfYear`
Description	In SUMO a time interval, in Cyc an Event. We adopt the time interval interpretation for COSMO. COSMO-TODO perhaps this should just be a TemporalThing? A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$SeasonOfYear is an event characterized by specific meteorological or climatic conditions that occurs during an annual climate cycle (see #$AnnualClimateCycle). Notable specializations are #$WinterSeason, #$SpringSeason, #$SummerSeason, and #$FallSeason. SUMO: SeasonOfYear is the class of four seasons correlated with the calendar Year and associated with changes in the length of daylight and with overall temperature changes. Depending upon the GeographicArea, a SeasonOfYear may also be associated with weather patterns (e.g., rainy, dry, windy). The characteristics of seasons (cold vs. hot temperatures, long vs. short days) are reversed from the NorthernHemisphere to the SouthernHemisphere. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'season' in WordNet: 2. (59) season, time of year - (one of the natural periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices or atmospheric conditions; 'the regular sequence of the seasons')
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Sub-classes	ColdSeason^c Seedtime^c FallSeason^c WarmSeason^c Autumn^c CalendarSeason^c SpringSeason^c OffSeason^c ChristmasSeason^c

Seasonal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seasonal

Description

''Seasonal'' is a ''Recurring'' (a qualitative attribute) of Events or States that 'repeat' or 'recur' in similar manner during some recurring part of the year, such as a 'Season'' or some feast or holiday that recurs each year. The 'season' that characterizes such events or states can be a ''movable feast' and need not recur on the same calendar date, such as 'Passover'. Thus the level of promotion of Matzohs and kosher foods can be 'seasonal'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seasonal' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) seasonal - (occurring at or dependent on a particular season;
              'seasonal labor'; 'a seasonal rise in unemployment')

Super-classes OccurringPeriodically^c

Seasoned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seasoned

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'seasoned' in Wordnet:
           2. seasoned, veteran - (rendered competent through trial and experience; 
           'troops seasoned in combat'; 'a seasoned traveler'; 'veteran steadiness'; 'a veteran officer')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

SeasonedWithSeasoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeasonedWithSeasoning`
Description	`NOTE: there is no WN or RHW sense for adj 'seasoned' in this sense.`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Salted^c

Seasoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seasoning`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seasoning' in WordNet: 1. flavorer, flavourer, flavoring, flavouring, seasoner, seasoning - (something added to food primarily for the savor it imparts)`
Super-classes	FoodIngredientOnly^c ConsumableProduct^c Spice^c
Sub-classes	TableSalt^c Anise^c Cayenne^c Garlic^c HerbSeasoning^c CurryPowder^c TeaLeaves^c Cumin^c SesameSeeds^c MustardSeeds^c

SeasoningFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeasoningFood`
Description	''SeasoningFood'' is the act of ''Enriching'' the taste of some prepared food by adding some ''Seasoning''. elish, flavor, flavour, sapidity Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'season' in WordNet: 1. season, flavor, flavour - (lend flavor to; 'Season the chicken breast after roasting it')
Super-classes	Enriching^c AddingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAddedObject^op value Seasoning^c hadChangedEntity^op only (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Food^c or FoodObject^c or FoodType^c) causesIncreaseIn^op value Taste^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or Food^c or FoodObject^c or FoodType^c)
Sub-classes	Marinating^c SaltingFood^c

SeatCushion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeatCushion`
Description	A ''SeatCushion'' is a ''Cushion'' designed to be used on the seating surface of a ''Seat'' of some kind. This includes the cushions sold as part of an armchair, as well as those desiged to be added to the hard surface of a chair that has a seat with no built-in cushioning. `The restriction 'isOnTopOf' is to beinterpreted as meaning that when it is 'funcitoning' as intended, it is located on top of a chair. Perhaps a more specialized 'onTopOf' relation is needed?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seat cushion' in WordNet: 1. seat cushion - (a cushion that makes a seat more comfortable)`
Super-classes	Cushion^c
Restrictions	isOnTopOf^op value Chair^c isDesignedToSupport^op value SeatedPerson^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Chair^c

Seated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seated`
Description	''Seated'' is the Attribute of a '''SeatedPerson'', is performing a ''SittingEvent'' (on the floor or any other kind of solid surface). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seated' in Wordnet: 1. (7) seated, sitting - ((of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks; 'the seated Madonna'; 'the audience remained seated')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	CrossLegged^c

SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeatedAssemblyConstruct`
Description	A ''SeatedAssemblyConstruct'' is a Building or part of a building that has permanent seats built in (such as a theater, auditorium or church) or are commonly used with rows of seats for seating during assemblies. NOTE that this is broad, and can be as small as a ''RestaurantBooth'' at the side of a Restaurant that seats two to six people.
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Restrictions	spatiallyContains^op min 20 isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value PublicAssembly^c
Sub-classes	Hall^c Stadium^c Cubicle^c ChurchBuilding^c RestaurantBooth^c Kiosk^c Theater^c

SeatedPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeatedPerson`
Description	A 'SeatedPerson' is the Role that a Person takes on when in a sitting position .
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Seated^c hasRoleFiller^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c) characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SittingEvent^c

Seating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seating`
Description	'Seating'' is any Group of ''SeatingDevice''s available for ''Person''s to use for a ''SittingEvent''. The label 'seating' can be used for the seats themselves or the ''SeatingArea'' where the seats are located . `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'seating area' in WordNet: 1. seating, seats, seating room, seating area - (an area that includes places where several people can sit; 'there is seating for 40 students in this classroom')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 1 enablesOrAssists^op value SittingEvent^c
Sub-classes	TieredSeats^c

SeatingArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeatingArea`
Description	A ''SeatingArea'' is a ''GatheringPlace'' cotaining or potentially containing ''SeatingDevice''s to allow people to sit while assembled together, especially to listen to a talk or watch a perormance. This can be an outdoor area in which seats have been set up, or an indoor area where seats can be set up (e.g. a school gymnasium or room in a hotel set aside for meetings) or a place, as in a theater, where fixed seats are installed. NOTE: the terms 'seats' and 'seating' are used for a Group of ''SeatingDevice''s - labeled ''Seating''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seating area' in WordNet: 1. seating, seats, seating room, seating area - (an area that includes places where several people can sit; 'there is seating for 40 students in this classroom')
Super-classes	GatheringPlace^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Seating^c

SeatingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeatingDevice`
Description	CYC #$SeatingDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$SeatingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to serve as a sitting place for people. Types of seating devices include sofas, chairs (fixed or foldable), benches, camp and stadium stools, theatre seats, swings, bicycle seats, saddles, and more. NOTE that among seating devices, a 'Chair' is fairly specific, being portable. Some seats for single persons will therefore not be 'Chairs' in this terminology. This includes both senses 3 and 4 of 'seat' in WN, representing a general sense of 'seat' that does not have to be a piece of movable furniture. The subtypes can make that distinction. Corresponds to noun senses 3 and 4 (difference?) of 'seat' in WordNet: 3. (2) seat - - (furniture that is designed for sitting on; 'there were not enough seats for all the guests') 4. (2) seat - (any support where you can sit (especially the part of a chair or bench etc. on which you sit); 'he dusted off the seat before sitting down')
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Holder^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value SittingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Swing^c Bench^c Saddle^c Stool^c AutoSeat^c Chair^c Hassock^c Sofa^c ReservedSeat^c

Seaweed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seaweed`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seaweed' in WordNet: 1. (1) seaweed - (plant growing in the sea, especially marine algae)`
Super-classes	MarineOrganism^c Alga^c

SeaworthyBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeaworthyBoat`
Description	A ''Boat''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea boat' in WordNet: 1. sea boat - (a boat that is seaworthy; that is adapted to the open seas)`
Super-classes	Boat^c HumanScaleObject^c Watercraft-Surface^c
Sub-classes	LifeBoat^c

Seceding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seceding`
Description	''Seceding'' is a ''Parting'' where one Part of a Country or Organization leaves the parent Organization and begins funtoning as an independent Organization. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'secede' in WordNet: 1. (13) secede, splinter, break away - (withdraw from an organization or communion; 'After the break up of the Soviet Union, many republics broke away') WN noun 'secession': 3. secession, withdrawal - (formal separation from an alliance or federation)`
Super-classes	Breakup^c Parting^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Country^c or Organization^c)

Secluded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secluded

Description

''Secluded'' is a subattribute of ''Private'' for places affording ''Privacy'' and some degree of freedom from interruption or distraction.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'secluded' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) privy, secluded, secret - (hidden from general view or use; 
         'a privy place to rest and think'; 'a secluded romantic spot'; 'a secret garden')
       2. cloistered, reclusive, secluded, sequestered - (providing privacy
             or seclusion; 'the cloistered academic world of books'; 
             'sat close together in the sequestered pergola'; 'sitting under the 
             reclusive calm of a shade tree'; 'a secluded romantic spot')

Super-classes Isolated^c
Private^c

Secluding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secluding`
Description	`NOTE: this WN synset seems to include transitive and intransitive senses. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'seclude' in WordNet: 1. (1) seclude, sequester, sequestrate, withdraw - (keep away from others; 'He sequestered himself in his study to write a book')`
Super-classes	Isolating^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value SocialInteraction^c

SecondInterval^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondInterval

Description

The Class of all clock Seconds, which are not measures of a quantity of time, but locations on the universal time line.

Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 4 of 'second' in WordNet (a particular moment in 
  the universal time line of duration one second (seconds one)):
 in WordNet:
   4. moment, minute, second, instant - (a particular point in time; 'the moment he arrived the party began')

Super-classes MeasurableTimeInterval^c
TimeInterval^c

SecondLargest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondLargest`
Description	'SecondLargest' is an attribute of something that is the largest (in size or quantity) among some specific group of things, other than the ''Largest'', which is larger..
Super-classes	Large^c

SecondLieutenant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondLieutenant

Description

CYC 'SecondLieutenant-Rank': The minimal commissioned officer rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. A person of #$SecondLieutenant-RankType outranks any person whose rank is a #$NonCommissionedOfficerRank or a #$WarrantOfficerRank.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'second lieutenant' in WordNet:
          1. second lieutenant - (a commissioned officer in the army or air force 
              or marine corps holding the lowest rank)

Super-classes Lieutenant^c

SecondOfaSeries^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondOfaSeries

Description

The FunctionalAttribute ''SecondOfaSeries'', refers to the second item in a list or in some ranking of priority.
The term ''Second'' is used as an instance of ''OrdinalNumber'' - not a QualitativeAttribute. These are essentially identical in meaning, but are used in different logical structures.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'second' in Wordnet:
      1. (109) second, 2nd, 2d - (coming next after the first
         in position in space or time or degree or magnitude)

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

SecondPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondPlace`
Description	In Olympic contests, ''SecondPlace'' gets a Silver Medal.
Super-classes	ContestRank^c

SecondThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondThing`
Description	The ''Second'' is the second of an ''OrderedPairOfThings'' and differs from the ''FirstThing'' in that specific ''OrderedPairOfThings''.
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value OrderedPairOfThings^c

Secondary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secondary

Description

'Secondary' is an attribute of things - people, resources - that are considered - for some purpose(s) - as less important or less urgent than the ''Primary'' thing in that category.

      @ToDo1399: needs more specificity

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'secondary' in WordNet:
         1. (11) secondary - (being of second rank or importance or value;
            not direct or immediate; 'the stone will be hauled to a secondary crusher'; 
            'a secondary source'; 'a secondary issue'; 'secondary streams')

Super-classes Salient^c

SecondarySchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondarySchool`
Description	An EducationalOrganization, Typically teaching grades 5-8, but it varies. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'middle school' in WordNet: 1. secondary school, lyceum, lycee, Gymnasium, middle school - (a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12)`
Super-classes	SchoolInstitution-KThrough12^c
Sub-classes	HighSchool^c VocationalSchool^c Academy^c

Secondhand^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secondhand

Description

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'secondhand' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) secondhand - (derived from what is primary or original; not firsthand;
                'a secondhand report'; 'a secondhand account of a memory of something once read'; 
                'most of our knowledge is secondhand')

Super-classes Indirect^c

Secondly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secondly

Description

''Secondly'' is an AdverbialModifier used to introduce a topic that should be considered second, after the topic labeled ''Firstly''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'secondly' in WordNet:
         1. (2) second, secondly - 
            (in the second place; 'second, we must consider the economy')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Secrecy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secrecy`
Description	'Secrecy' is a PersistentState in which some information is kept Secret. This type can be applied to static situations such as a person keeping information from all others, or to Events such as a person(s) doing something in secrecy and telling no one or only a few trusted others. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'secrecy' in WordNet: 2. (1) privacy, privateness, secrecy, concealment - - (the condition of being concealed or hidden)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Secret^c hasAttributeValue^op value Secret^c
Sub-classes	SuppressingInformation^c

Secret^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secret`
Description	'Secret' is a more intensive degree of 'Confidential'' characterizing information requiring more care in not disclosing, and revealed to fewer people than is ''Confidential'' information; it is an attribute of: (1) information that at least one person has, and is communicated, if at all, only to a small number of other persons who are instructed not to make it public or (2) Actions that are taken by agents that are known to only a few and are hidden from the public. It is an EvaluativeAttribute because the person(s) who has the information and wants to keep it from others has determined that the content would be in some way harmful to someone's interests if made public. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'secret' in WordNet: 1. (11) secret - - (not open or public; kept private or not revealed; 'a secret formula'; 'secret ingredients'; 'secret talks')`
Super-classes	Confidential^c
Sub-classes	Surreptitious^c Covert^c Clandestine^c

SecretAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecretAgent`
Description	A ''SecretAgent'' is an ''Agent'' who acts on behalf of and for the benefit of some other ''IntelligentAgent'', without disclosing the purpose or origin of her/his activities. CYC: 'CovertAgent': A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance of #$CovertAgent is an individual or a formal or informal organization that plans and conducts a significant portion of its activities secretly. Examples instances of #$CovertAgent include criminals and criminal organizations, terrorists, spies and espionage agencies, and military units working behind enemy lines. Exposure of such an agent's activities, location, plans, and (if applicable) membership, to outside agents generally threatens its continued existence and effectiveness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'secret agent' in WordNet: 1. secret agent, intelligence officer, intelligence agent, operative - (a person secretly employed in espionage for a government)
Super-classes	Agent^c IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	TerroristAgent^c Spy^c

SecretInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecretInformation`
Description	Information that a person has and wants to remain a secret from most other people; certain people may be allowed to know the SecretInformation, but once it is made public it is no longer SecretInformation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'secret' in WordNet: 1. (9) secret - - (something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on); 'the combination to the safe was a secret'; 'he tried to keep his drinking a secret')`
Super-classes	Information-Content^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Secret^c

Secretariat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secretariat

Description

CYC: A collection of suborganizations that are primarily responsible for implementing the policies of the various larger organizations of which each instance is a part. Although a secretariat is generally administrative in nature, it also affects policy insofar as it is charged with implementing that policy. Not every organization has a secretariat, but for those that do it plays a fairly standard role.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'secretariat' in WordNet:
          1. secretariat, secretariate - (an administrative unit 
            responsible for maintaining records and other secretarial duties; 
            especially for international organizations)

Super-classes AdministrativeUnit^c

Secretary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secretary`
Description	Person who performs general secretarial support such as scheduling, typing, answering phones, receiving visitors, travel arrangements, etc. Not the government position. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'secretary' in WordNet: 2. (14) secretary, secretarial assistant - - (an assistant who handles correspondence and clerical work for a boss or an organization)`
Super-classes	ClericalWorker^c AdministrativeStaffPerson^c
Sub-classes	Stenographer^c

SecretaryGeneral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecretaryGeneral`
Description	`RHW 'secretary general': the head or chief administrative officer of a secretariat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Secretary General' in WordNet: 1. (1) Secretary General - (a person who is a chief administrator (as of the United Nations))`
Super-classes	GovernmentAdministrator^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value Secretariat^c

Secretion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secretion`
Description	This is more generic than the WN sense, including secretions that are not from a 'body', including those from a Plant or natural source (e.g. oil? - morelike a 'seepage'). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'secretion' in WordNet: 2. (1) secretion - (a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell)`
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value SecretionEvent^c
Sub-classes	Secretion-Bodily^c

Secretion-Bodily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secretion-Bodily`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$NaturalTangibleStuff secreted by an organism's body. There are a wide variety of bodily secretions, including #$Hormones, #$Mucus, #$InsulinTheSecretion, and #$Semen. Secretions may be deposited either within the body (e.g., #$BileTheSecretion) or outside of it (e.g., #$Sweat). Note: Secretions are different from #$ExcretionSubstance in that secretions are not necessarily waste products. E.g., they may be a release of pheromones to attract a mate, a layer of sweat to cool off the organism, a layer of nectar to attract bees, etc. Some subsets of #$Secretion-Bodily, such as #$Sweat, are also subsets of #$ExcretionSubstance (i.e., wastes)
Super-classes	Secretion^c
Sub-classes	Semen^c Mucus^c Venom^c Hormone^c Pus^c Saliva^c Milk^c Tears^c Sweat^c

SecretionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecretionEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$EmittingStuff and #$BiologicalProductionEvent. Each instance of #$SecretionEvent is an event in which a living animal or plant secretes from its body some instance of #$Secretion-Bodily (q.v.). `NOTE: in Cyc Secretion was 'EmittingStuff' rather than 'EmittingAnObject'. As of iteration 185, this distinction is not used. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'secrete' in WordNet: 1. (1) secrete, release - (generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids; 'secrete digestive juices'; 'release a hormone into the blood stream') WN noun 'secretion': 1. (3) secretion, secernment - (the organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance)`
Super-classes	Exuding^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Secretion^c
Sub-classes	Sweating^c Salivating^c

Secretive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secretive

Description

''Secretive'' is a subattribute of ''Uncommunicative'' characterizing a Person who refrains from talking, either in revealing secrets or talking about him/herself. This can be for any reason, The more specific ''Secretive'' meaning not disclosing secrets is represented by ''TightLipped''.

      Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'secretive' (for people
      who do not talk much about themselves) in Wordnet:
          1. close, closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped -
             (inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information; 
             'although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it')

Super-classes Uncommunicative^c

Secretly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secretly

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'secretly' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) secretly, in secret, on the Q.T., on the QT -
             (in secrecy; not openly; 'met secretly to discuss the invasion plans'; 
             'the children secretly went to the movies when they were supposed to be at the library'; 
             'they arranged to meet in secret')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Sect^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sect

Description

This sense of 'sect' is sense 2 in the Random House Dictionary: RHW: 'a group regarded as heretical or as deviating from a generally accepted religious tradition.'

       Therefore a Sect will have some beliefs differing from that of the 
         main religious body to which they claim adherence.  At this point (v0.43)
         no effort is made to distinguish a Sect from schismatics.
      NOTE: therefore this type differs from WN where the gloss includes 'religious order'
        as a synoonym of ''Sect''.  A ''ReligiousOrder'' is a separate type of
        ''ReligiousGroup'' in COSMO.

       NOTE: the word 'sectarian' does not refer solely to 'Sect' in this
       sense, it may refer to larger groups of believers, such as various Christian
       denominations.

     Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'sect' (not including a 'religious order')
        in Wordnet:
          1. (1) sect, religious sect, religious order - (a subdivision of a larger religious group)

Super-classes ReligiousGroup^c

Sectarian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sectarian

Description

''Sectarian'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a religious ''Sect'' and its ''ReligiousBeliefs'' insofar as they contrast with the beliefs of other religious groups; ''Sectarian'' beliefs and debatges are in general ''Divisive'' by reflecting the contrasting views of people adhering to incompatible beliefs or theories. This is also used to refer to debates over ''Ideology'' or other beliefs that resemble the belief-driven debates among Sects, in contrast to debates focused on facts.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'sectarian' in Wordnet:
          1. sectarian - (of or relating to or characteristic of a sect or sects; 'sectarian differences')
          2. sectarian - (belonging to or characteristic of a sect; 'a sectarian mind'; 
             'the negations of sectarian ideology'- Sidney Hook; 'sectarian squabbles in psychology')

Super-classes Divisive^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Section^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Section`
Description	Each ''Section'' is a ''Part'' of a ''ConceptualWork'' such as a text or musical composition. See also subtype ''DocumentPart'' and its subtypes. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 4 (for concetual works) of 'section' in WordNet: 1. (45) section, subdivision - (a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical); 'he always turns first to the business section'; 'the history of this work is discussed in the next section') 4. (10) section, segment - (one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object; 'a section of a fishing rod'; 'metal sections were used below ground'; 'finished the final segment of the road')
Super-classes	ConceptualWork^c Part^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	Subdivision^c ClimaxOfaStory^c DocumentPart^c Passage^c

SectionTitle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SectionTitle

Description

The (often) descriptive heading for some section of a larger work, such as a chapter of a book, section of an article, etc. A bare number such as 'Chapter 8' is also a 'SectionTitle', if no more descriptive title is applied (e.g. '8. At The Movie').

    For the titles of complete ConceptualWorks, use 'Title'

    Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'title' in WordNet:
      3. (3) title - (a general or descriptive heading for a section of a written work;
         'the novel had chapter titles')

Super-classes Title^c
Header^c

SectorOfSociety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SectorOfSociety`
Description	A ''SectorOfSociety'' is a ''SocialGroup'' that is a subgroup of a ''Society'' and who have some characteristics in common that impart to that group as a whole some degree of distinguishing identity. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sector' in WordNet: 2. (4) sector - (a body of people who form part of society or economy; 'the public sector')`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op some Society^c
Sub-classes	EconomicSector^c

SectorShapedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SectorShapedObject`
Description	Any Object (abstract or physical) shaped like a sector of a circle (like a slice of pie) `CYC: A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and thus a specialization of #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing. This is the collection of all two-dimensional pie-slice shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$SectorShapedObject is bounded by two line segments with a common vertex and by an arc of a circle whose center is that vertex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sector' in WordNet: 1. (5) sector - (a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle)`
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Sub-classes	SliceOfPie^c

Secular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secular

Description

'''Secular'' is an AttributeValue of things (Objects, People, or Events) that are not explicitly ''Religious''..

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'secular' in WordNet:
        1. (6) laic, lay, secular - (concerning those not 
           members of the clergy; 'set his collar in laic rather 
           than clerical position'; 'the lay ministry'; 'the choir sings
           both sacred and secular music')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Secure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Secure

Description

An attribute of Objects that are not in danger of loss or harm. For situations where there is little risk, use 'RiskFree'.

      Incoludes adjective senses 2 and 3  of 'secure' in WordNet:
        2. (2) secure - (free from danger or risk; 'secure from harm';
           'his fortune was secure'; 'made a secure place for himself in his field')
        3. (1) protected, secure - (kept safe or defended from danger
           or injury or loss; 'the most protected spot I could find')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SecureAndStable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecureAndStable

Description

''SecureAndStable'' is a form of ''Stable'' characterizing Objects that are fixed in some position so that they are unlikely to disconnect from what it is attached to.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'secure' in Wordnet:
          4. secure - (not likely to fail or give way; 'the lock was secure'; 
             'a secure foundation'; 'a secure hold on her wrist')

Super-classes Attached^c
Stable^c

Securely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Securely`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'securely' in Wordnet: 1. (1) securely, firmly - (in a secure manner; in a manner free from danger; 'she held the child securely')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

SecuritiesExchange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecuritiesExchange`
Description	Each instance of 'SecuritiesExchange' is some Organization that has instituted procedures and methods for buying and selling of 'FinancialSecurity's - stocks, bonds, commodities futures, puts and calls, etc. A ''StockExchange'' for trading stocks and bonds is a subtype. This is conflated with a location where the trading takes place, to include the actual spatial site (if any) at which the transaction occurs. For online trading, this may be a bit vague - some computer or combination. When necessary,the location and the Organization can be differentiated. Includes but is not limited to noun sense 1 of 'securities market' in in WordNet: 1. stock exchange, stock market, securities market - (an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers)
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c MarketMaker^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities^c
Sub-classes	CommoditiesExchange^c VirtualExchange^c StockExchange^c PhysicalExchange^c

SecurityAlarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecurityAlarm`
Description	SUMO: A SecurityDevice that detects intrusions to a StationaryArtifact and issues a warning of some sort.
Super-classes	SecurityDevice^c AlarmDevice^c

SecurityBlanket^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecurityBlanket

Description

A ''SecurityBlanket'' (literal meaning) is a Blanket that is used by a child to provide a sense of comfort or security.

       The metaphorical meaning for things that are not actual ''Blanket''s is
          a different sense (@ToDo).

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'security blanket' in WordNet:
          2. security blanket - (a blanket (or toy) that a child carries around in order 
             to reduce anxiety)

Super-classes Blanket^c

SecurityDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecurityDevice`
Description	SUMO: A Device whose purpose is to protect people or property from kidnappers and/or thieves. NOTE: not only locks and other things that prevent intrusion, but alarms, seals, security cameras, and other devices that warn of or report intrusion are included under this category. Cyc: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$SecurityDevice is any device designed to protect people or goods from being harmed (or stolen) intentionally. Some instances of #$SecurityDevice accomplish this by keeping unauthorized or unwelcome intruders away from the people or materials in question (e.g., elements of #$AntiTheftDevice, #$PerimeterSensor). Others are designed to make it impossible or difficult to remove goods (e.g., elements of #$Lock). Compare with #$SafetyDevice, whose elements are designed to protect an object or animal against accidental harm. Of course some devices play multiple roles - a single fence may be a security device to keep burglars out, and may protect toddlers from wandering in and falling into a swimming pool..
Super-classes	DefenseSystem^c Device^c
Sub-classes	SecurityAlarm^c AntiTheftDevice^c SealDevice^c AlarmDevice^c

SecurityInterest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecurityInterest`
Description	A ''SecurityInterest'' is a ''FinancialInterest'' created by an ''Indebtedness''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'security interest' in WordNet: 1. security interest - (any interest in a property that secures the payment of an obligation)`
Super-classes	FinancialInterest^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c wasCreatedByEvent^op only IncurringaDebt^c
Sub-classes	Lien^c MortgageInterest^c

SecurityRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecurityRecord`
Description	A 'SecurityRecord' is a DatabaseRecord in a DatabaseTable which contains security information for the entity whose security information is recorded in the table. each such record is pointed to by the relation 'hasSecurityID16' os some parent property or subproperty of that relation. The format of the record is not restricted by this relation, only its intendede meaning, which may vary with the security requirements.
Super-classes	DatabaseRecord^c

Sedan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sedan`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sedan' in WordNet: 1. (2) sedan - (a car that is closed and that has front and rear seats and two or four doors)`
Super-classes	Automobile^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value AutoSeat^c hasComponentPart^op value RoadVehicleSideDoor^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Covered^c

Sedative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sedative`
Description	Drugs which are used to treat anxiety and insomnia. In higher doses, these are often used as sleeping pills. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sedative' in WordNet: 1. sedative, sedative drug, depressant, downer - (a drug that reduces excitability and calms a person)`
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	isUsedToTreat^op value Insomnia^c isUsedToTreat^op value Anxiety^c
Sub-classes	Diazepam^c

Sedative-Hypnotic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sedative-Hypnotic`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sedative-hypnotic' in WordNet: 1. sedative-hypnotic, sedative-hypnotic drug - (a sedative that depresses activity of the central nervous system and reduces anxiety and induces sleep)`
Super-classes	Depressant^c
Sub-classes	Barbiturate^c

Sedentary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sedentary

Description

''Sedentary'' is an AttributeValue of Animals and HumanActivity that is characterized by frequent movement from place to place.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sedentary' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) sedentary - (requiring sitting or little activity; 'forced by illness to lead a sedentary life')

Super-classes FunctionalAttributeValue^c

Sediment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sediment`
Description	''Sediment''is the material deposited by ''Sedimentation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sediment' in WordNet: 1. (3) sediment, deposit - (matter that has been deposited by some natural process)`
Super-classes	HomogeneousSolidObject^c ResidueObject^c InanimateObject-Natural^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c isProducedByEventType^op value Sedimentation^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Stone^c

SedimentaryStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SedimentaryStone`
Description	'SedimentaryStone''is a type of ''Stone'' produced by the geological process of sedimentation. `NOTE that in CYC substances are represened by Objects made of that substance, so the CYC 'SedimentaryRock' is a Substance regardless of its gloss. CYC: 'SedimentaryRock': Instances of #$SedimentaryRock are pieces of rock that have been formed through a process of compaction and cementation of instances of #$Sediment.`
Super-classes	Stone^c
Sub-classes	Limestone^c Dolomite^c AranaceousStone^c

Sedimentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sedimentation`
Description	''Sedimentation'' is a ''Phenomenon' caused by forces such as ''Gravity'' and ''CentrifugalForce'' in which fine granular material falls from some body of water to the floor of that body and remains and accumulates there. The sediment may remain loose or be converted to rock by other ''GeologicalPhenomenon''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sedimentation' in WordNet: 1. (2) deposit, sedimentation, alluviation - (the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating)`
Super-classes	LeavingaResidue^c GeologicalPhenomenon^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c BuildingUpAnAccumulation^c MotionThroughaFluid^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Sediment^c occursAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c

Seducing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seducing`
Description	This ''Seducing'' represents the general sense of seducing a Person into doing `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'seduce' in WordNet: 2. seduce - (lure or entice away from duty, principles, or proper conduct; 'She was seduced by the temptation of easy money and started to work in a massage parlor') WN noun 'seduction': 1. (1) seduction - (enticing someone astray from right behavior)`
Super-classes	TemptingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	SexualSeduction^c

Seduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seduction`
Description	This ''eduction'' represents the Action of ''Seducing'' (tempting) a Person into performing sexual behavior, usually a Man seducing a Woman to engage in sexual intercourse. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'seduction' in WordNet: 2. seduction, conquest - (an act of winning the love or sexual favor of someone) WN verb 'seduce': 1. seduce, score, make - (induce to have sex; 'Harry finally seduced Sally'; 'Did you score last night?'; 'Harry made Sally')`
Super-classes	TemptingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c

Seductive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seductive

Description

This is for sexually sductive, by appearance or behavior, for men or women. Other meanings should use ''Enticing''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seductive' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) seductive - (tending to entice into a desired action or state)

Super-classes Enticing^c

SeeSaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeeSaw`
Description	A 'SeeSaw' a device made from a 'Plank', balanced no more than a few feet from the ground on a fulcrum, permitting people to sit on either end and to go up and down in alternation. It may or may not have handles at each end for the person riding to hold on to. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seesaw' in Wordnet: 1. seesaw, teeter, teeter-totter, teetertotter, teeterboard, tilting board, dandle board - (a plaything consisting of a board balanced on a fulcrum; the board is ridden up and down by children at either end)`
Super-classes	PlaygroundObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Plank^c hasComponentPart^op value Fulcrum^c

Seed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seed`
Description	COSMO note: a Seed is not a subtype of Organism, but is a part of an Organism. Seeds have a 'kernel' and may have a husk or shell surrounding it. Cyc: A specialization of #$PlantBLO. Each instance of #$Seed is a small nodule or granule consisting of a young angiosperm and its protective container during the early (zygotic and embryonic stages) of development. If conditions are right, instances of #$Seed will grow to become adult plants. SUMO: The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody of a FloweringPlant. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'seed' in WordNet: 1. (12) seed - (a small hard fruit) 2. (5) seed - (a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa)
Super-classes	Fruit^c ReproductiveBody^c PlantReproductiveStructure^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value Plant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c
Sub-classes	MustardSeed^c FlaxSeed^c CuminSeed^c CocoaBean^c Nut-TheFruit^c CoffeeBean^c Cashew-TheSeed^c Pea^c GrainSeed^c CastorBean^c GrainOfCereal^c

SeedGrain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeedGrain

Description

''SeedGrain'' is a ''GranularSubstance'' consisting of multiple ''GrainSeed''s obtained from ''CerealPlant''s (cereal grasses) used for food. These are the seeds before grinding, not the 'meal'.

      Closest dictionary definition is:
      RHW 'grain': 2. the gathered seed of food plants, esp. of cereal plants.

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 6 of 'grain' in WordNet:
           6. grain, caryopsis - (dry seedlike fruit produced by the cereal grasses:
             e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn)

Super-classes CerealFood^c
GranularSubstance^c

SeedHusk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeedHusk`
Description	The covering many seeds, which may be soft or hard; for the hard shell of plants, use subtype ''HardShell'' and for the shell of a 'nut', use the subtype 'NutShell'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'husk' in Wordnet: 2. husk - (outer membranous covering of some fruits or seeds)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c Pericarp^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c BodyCovering^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Firm^c isBiologicallyDerivedFrom^op value FruitPlant^c surrounds-3D^op value Seed^c isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value Fruit^c
Sub-classes	SeedPod^c SeedShell^c Burr^c

SeedPod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeedPod`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pod' in WordNet: 1. pod, cod, seedcase - (the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves))`
Super-classes	SeedHusk^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Seed^c

SeedShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeedShell`
Description	A ''SeedShell' is the hard ''Shell' surronding the ''Seed''s of some plants, such as Walnuts and pecans. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'shell' in WordNet: 4. shell - (the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts)`
Super-classes	Shell^c SeedHusk^c
Sub-classes	NutShell^c

Seedling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seedling

Description

CYC: A subset of #$Plant. #$Seedling is the collection of all growing plants in the stage after germination but before primary development. The seedling stage begins with the rupture of the seed coat and ends at the vague time that the growing plant is 'well established'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seedling' in WordNet:
          1. (1) seedling - (young plant or tree grown from a seed)

Super-classes Spermatophyte^c

Seedtime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seedtime

Description

''Seedtime'' is the time of year when seeds are planted.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'seedtime' in WordNet:
        2. seedtime - (the time during which seeds should be planted)

Super-classes SeasonOfYear^c

Seeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seeing`
Description	Seeing is a perception of the visual aspect of a situation, i.e. perception of the light waves coming from object(s) in a particular State. This is for animals seeing with the 'Eye'. NOTE that unlike 'Observing'' a ''Seeing'' action may be unintentional, but some subtypes are intentional (see ''Looking''). Visual perception with other sensors must be represented elsewhere under ''Observing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'see' and noun sense 1 of 'sight' in WordNet; note that the thing (more specifically, the light from the thing) that is seen is represened as 'Scene'.: WN 'see': in WordNet: 1. (617) see - (perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight; 'You have to be a good observer to see all the details'; 'Can you see the bird in that tree?'; 'He is blind- - he cannot see') WN 'sight': 1. (17) sight - (an instance of visual perception; 'the sight of his wife brought him back to reality'; 'the train was an unexpected sight')
Super-classes	Action^c Perceiving^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op some (Scene^c or PhysicalObject^c) isaPerceptionOf^op value View^c usesSenseOrOrgan^op value Eye^c
Sub-classes	Spotting^c RecognizingBySight^c Looking^c

Seen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seen

Description

       NO Wn entry:

       'seen' is the Attribute of something that was the object of a 
       ''Seeing'' action - having been observed.  This is used
       usually for Objects or Actions that someone wanted to keep
       unseen or unobserved.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Light-NotDark^c

Seeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seeping`
Description	An Event in which some fluid (usually a liquid) passes slowly through a porous solid material. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 4 of 'seep' in WordNet: 1. (4) seep, ooze - (pass gradually or leak through or as if through small openings)`
Super-classes	Leaking^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Slow^c

Seer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seer`
Description	A ''Seer'' is an ''Intellectual'' who has a better than average ability to predict future events. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'visionary' in WordNet: 2. visionary, illusionist, seer - (a person with unusual powers of foresight)`
Super-classes	IntellectualPerson^c
Sub-classes	Diviner^c Soothsayer^c

Seething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'seethe' in Wordnet: 2. seethe, boil - (be in an agitated emotional state; 'The customer was seething with anger')`
Super-classes	Agitation^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Angry^c

Segment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Segment`
Description	A ''Segment'' is identifiable part of a PhysicalObject with some recognizable small region divding it from other parts, not an arbitrary part. A Worm has ''Segment''s, as do other animals and plants; and an Organge has ''Segment''s divided by membranes. Artifacts will also have segments. ''EngineeringComponent''s are not normally referred to as ''Segment''s. For 'segment's of aconceptual work such as an article, book, or movie use ''Section''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 and includes part ofsense 1 (for physical objects) of 'segment' in WordNet: 1. (4) section, segment - (one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object; 'a section of a fishing rod'; 'metal sections were used below ground'; 'finished the final segment of the road') 2. segment - (one of the parts into which something naturally divides; 'a segment of an orange')
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Segmenting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Segmenting`
Description	'Segmenting' is a ''DividingSomethingIntoParts'' in which some ''Object'' is divided either by complete separation or by demarking boundary lines between the ''Segment''s identified. This is a transitive action, performed by an agent. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'segment' in WordNet: 1. segment, section - (divide into segments; 'segment an orange'; 'segment a compound word')`
Super-classes	Separation-Complete^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Object^c

Segregated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Segregated

Description

To be ''Segregated'' is for some ''Group'' of people to be required by Law or custom to stay in certain places or use only certain facilities.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'segregated' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) segregated, unintegrated - (separated or isolated from others or a main group;
            'a segregated school system'; 'a segregated neighborhood')

Super-classes Divided^c

Segregating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Segregating`
Description	''Segregating'' is an action ''DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup'' especially racial or religious mnorities, and in particular African-Americans in the USA or Jewish people ('pales' in Russia). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'segregate' in WordNet: 1. (5) segregate - (separate by race or religion; practice a policy of racial segregation; 'This neighborhood is segregated'; 'We don't segregate in this county')`
Super-classes	DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Segregation^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Segregated^c hadAgentHarmed^op value RacialMinority^c

Segregation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Segregation

Description

A ''Segregation'' is a 'Restriction' on what categories of people are allowed to use specific physical facilities or social services. In the United States, ''Segregation'' has been usually used to restrict access by race or sex. After 1980 laws reduced the legal barriers to unrestricted rights, though some 'Segregation'' in local or private communites lingers. In other countries other forms of ''Segregation'' have been used to distinguish different categories of people. This type of 'Rule'' may be enforced by law or custom or local practice.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'segregation' in WordNet:
          2. segregation, separatism - (a social system that provides 
             separate facilities for minority groups)

Super-classes Restriction^c
SocialSystem^c

SegregationLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SegregationLaw`
Description	A ''SegregationLaw'' is any ''Law'' establishing a system of ''Segregation'', and results in a ''StateOfSegregation''.
Super-classes	Law^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value StateOfSegregation^c createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation^op value Segregation^c

Seismic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seismic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seismic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) seismic, seismal - (subject to or caused by an earthquake or earth vibration)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Seizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seizing`
Description	''Seizing'' is a ''Grabbing'' that takes something (objects or even people) by force - physical or legal - implying that the Person whose property (or self) was taken did not voluntarily agree to the taking. This is a taking that is not wanted by someone. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'seize' in WordNet: 2. (5) seize - (take or capture by force; 'The terrorists seized the politicians'; 'The rebels threaten to seize civilian hostages')`
Super-classes	Grabbing^c
Restrictions	starts^op value ControllingSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c
Sub-classes	Kidnapping^c

SeizingWhileInTransit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeizingWhileInTransit`
Description	''SeizingWhileInTransit'' is intended to represent a general sense of ''Intercepting'' that is not covered by the more specialized ''Intercepting'' (by a government) or ''Wiretapping'' (of a communication). but is not represented in WordNet by itself.
Super-classes	TakingPossessionOfSomething^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value SendingSomething^c hadThingAffected^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	FootballInterception^c

SeizureAilment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeizureAilment`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seizure' in WordNet: 1. (3) seizure, ictus, raptus - (a sudden occurrence (or recurrence) of a disease; 'he suffered an epileptic seizure')`
Super-classes	AttackOfAnAilment^c
Sub-classes	EpilepticSeizure^c

Selected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selected`
Description	''Selected'' is the attribute of something that is the object (patient) of a ''SelectingAmong'' action. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'selected' in Wordnet: 1. (2) selected - (chosen in preference to another)`
Super-classes	Preferred^c
Sub-classes	Appointed^c HighPriority^c Chosen^c

SelectingAmong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelectingAmong`
Description	''SelectingAmong'' is choosing one or more from two or more alternatives, Objects orActions, When there are only two alternatives, the subtype ''SelectingBetween' is used. CYC 'SelectingBetween' appears to be a ''SelectingAmong''. CYC: SelectingBetween: A collection of events. Each element of #$SelectingBetween is a #$SelectingSomething event in which the selection is made from a set of alternatives. The thing that is finally selected is the #$chosenItem. In SUMO called 'Selecting' SUMO: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve opting for one or more Entity out of a larger set of Entities. Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'choose' and verb sense 1 of 'select' and verb sense 1 of 'pick' in WordNet: WN verb 'pick': 1. (14) pick - (select carefully from a group; 'She finally picked her successor'; 'He picked his way carefully') 1. (84) choose, take, select, pick out - (pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives; 'Take any one of these cards'; 'Choose a good husband for your daughter'; 'She selected a pair of shoes from among the dozen the salesgirl had shown her') WN verb 'choose': 2. (19) choose, prefer, opt - (select as an alternative; choose instead; prefer as an alternative; "I always choose the fish over the meat courses in this restaurant"; "She opted for the job on the East coast")
Super-classes	Choosing^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value ListOfAlternatives^c
Sub-classes	Voting^c SelectingBetween^c Drawing-RandomSelection^c ScreeningaGroupOfThings^c ElectingSomeone^c Picking^c Deciding^c

SelectingBetween^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelectingBetween`
Description	''SelectingBetween'' is a ''SelectingAmong'' where the list of alternatives has only two possibilities.
Super-classes	SelectingAmong^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value TwoAlternativeActions^c hasResult^op some Decision^c
Sub-classes	EitherOrChoice^c
In range of	demands^op

SelectingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelectingSomething`
Description	''SelectingSomething'' is the generic Action of selecting something by any process, whether purposeful (see ''Choosing''), or by natural forces (''NaturalSelection'') or by a random process. As an Action, one must be able to point to some GenericAgent, whether animal, automaton, or natural.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op value Selection^c
Sub-classes	Choosing^c NaturalSelection^c

Selection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selection`
Description	A ''Selection'' is a thing (object, Action) selected as the result of a ''SelectingSomething'' event. For the choosing event use 'Choosing'. ''Selection'' is a Role that something acquires as the result of a 'SelectingSomething', and that Role is meaningful only with respect to the Agent (animal or natural) that did the selecting. `NOTE: distinction between this and subtype ''ChosenObject''? Chosen Object is a PhysicalObject, whereas this type can be anything. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'selection' in RHW (Random House Webster): 2. a thing or a number of things selected`
Super-classes	AlternativeThing^c Role^c
Restrictions	wasSelectedInEvent^op some SelectingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Choice^c ChosenObject^c

SelectionCriterion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelectionCriterion`
Description	A ''SelectionCriterion'' is a ''StandardSpec'' (a ''Specification'') that represents one or more attributes and possibly methods to determine those attributes, to be used in a ''Choosing'' or ''Sorting'' or ''Selecting'' action, to allow discrimination among the Objects belonging in one category or another. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'criterion' in WordNet: 1. (3) standard, criterion, measure, touchstone - (a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; 'the schools comply with federal standards'; 'they set the measure for all subsequent work')`
Super-classes	StandardSpec^c Resource^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ScreeningaGroupOfThings^c isUsedInAction^op value YesNoDecision^c

Selective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selective`
Description	''Selective'' is a property of a ''IntentionalAgent'' who takes care in selecting things (including people) that s/he wants to do, buy, use, or associate with. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'selective' and sense 1 of 'choosy' in Wordnet: 1. (5) selective - (tending to select; characterized by careful choice; 'an exceptionally quick and selective reader'- John Mason Brown) 2. selective - (characterized by very careful or fastidious selection; 'the school was very selective in its admissions') WN adj 'choosy': 1. (1) choosy, choosey - (difficult to please)`
Super-classes	Restricted^c
Sub-classes	Discriminating^c Fastidious^c Exclusive^c Eclectic^c

Selectively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selectively`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'selectively' in Wordnet: 1. selectively, by selection - (in a selective manner; 'we choose our students very selectively')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Selenite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selenite`
Description	`RHW: 1. Mineral. a variety of gypsum, found in transparent crystals and foliated masses.`
Super-classes	Gypsum^c Mineral^c

Selenium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selenium

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of selenium; typically, these will be tightly bound into form, but not necessarily. )( All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of selenium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form -- but not necessarily.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'selenium' in WordNet:
          1. selenium, Se, atomic number 34 - 
             (a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; 
             occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope
             conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark 
             and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite))

Super-classes NonMetal^c
SolidSubstance^c

Self^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self

Description

''Self'' is mostly used to refer to the Agent of an Action when that agent is affected by that action, as in ''Suicide'' or 'SelfControl'' or ''Self-Defense''. To be explicit, such actions can refer to 'Self'' as the Object of both a'isPerformedBy'' and ''hasDIrectObject'' relations. The logical connection can be made by an FOL implementation.

       The 'self-referential' character of this Type can be used explicitly for
          actions when a Person does something to him/herself, by using ''Self''
          as both the agent and object of the Action.  This may be automaticaly convertible
          to explicit FOL propositions with ?self as a variable..

       NOTE: this type can be used as a work-around for one of the limitations of
         the OWL language, allowing an implied representation of the assertion that the
         subject and direct object of an Action are the same individual.

     Includes RHW sense 1 of 'oneself':
          a person's self (used for emphasis or reflexively): 
            One often hurts oneself accidentally.

      This differs from the consciousness of oneself - see type ''Ego''.

      Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'self' in WordNet:
        2. (7) self - (a person considered as a unique individual; 'one's own self')
      WN noun 'number one':
         1. (1) number one - (a reference to yourself or myself etc.;
            `take care of number one' means to put your own interests first)

Super-classes Person^c

Self-Concept^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self-Concept`
Description	A ''Self-Concept'' is the set of Opinions that a Person has about his/herself. `Wikipedia: One's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs about oneself. Generally, self-concept embodies the answer to the question 'Who am I?'. Online: self-concept: an idea of the self constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others: 'a self-concept is largely a reflection of the reactions of others towards the individual'`
Super-classes	Opinion^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Self^c

Self-Contained^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self-Contained

Description

''Self-Contained'' can apply to any thing that forms an independent unit with its own identity.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-contained' in Wordnet:
            1. (2) self-contained - (constituting a complete and independent unit in and of itself;
               'the university is like a self-contained city with shops and all amenities')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Self-Defense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self-Defense`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-defense' in WordNet: 1. (1) self-defense, self-defence, self-protection - (the act of defending yourself)`
Super-classes	Defending^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value Self^c isPerformedBy^op value Self^c

Self-Esteem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self-Esteem`
Description	''Self-Esteem' is a type of 'Pride'' in one's own virtues or accomplishments, whether real or imagined. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-esteem' in WordNet: 1. (3) self-esteem, self-pride - (a feeling of pride in yourself)`
Super-classes	Pride^c
Sub-classes	Egotism^c

Self-Help^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self-Help`
Description	''Self-Help'' is an AttributeValue of Actions in which a Person helps him/herself to do something, and also of manuals, books, or courses that assist people to be able to do things by themselves.
Super-classes	Ordered^c PertainingAttributeValue^c Planned^c

Self-Reported^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self-Reported`
Description	''Self-Reported'' is the attribute of some ''Information'' about a ''Person that was ''Reported''' by him/herself.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Self-Sufficient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self-Sufficient

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-sufficient' in Wordnet:
       1. (2) self-sufficient, self-sufficing, self-sustaining - (able to provide for your own needs 
           without help from others; "a self-sufficing economic unit")

Super-classes Independent^c

Self-described^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Self-described`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'labelled' in Wordnet: 1. labeled, labelled, tagged - (bearing or marked with a label or tag; 'properly labeled luggage')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

SelfAware^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfAware`
Description	To be ''SelfAware'' is to be aware of how one's actions may be perceived by other people. To be concerned significantly more than average than most people and care about such impressions one would be characterized as ''SelfConscious'', a subAttribute of this Attribute. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-aware' in Wordnet: 1. self-conscious, self-aware - (aware of yourself as an individual or of your own being and actions and thoughts; 'self-conscious awareness'; 'self-conscious about their roles as guardians of the social values'- D.M.Potter)`
Super-classes	AwareOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	SelfConscious^c

SelfCentered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfCentered

Description

       NOTE; this is not for 'egotistical', which is having an inflated 
          sense of ones own importance - see ''Conceited''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-centered' in WordNet:
         1. egoistic, egoistical, egocentric, self-centered, self-centred - 
            (limited to or caring only about yourself and your own needs)

Super-classes Unsympathetic^c

SelfConfidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfConfidence`
Description	SelfConfidence is the trait of someone who feels that s/he can perform most tasks that are required, and do them well. This is the more general sense of confidence in one's own abilities; The shorter termed 'confidence' that one can perform a specific task is represented as ''FeelingOfConfidence''. COSMO distinguishes two senses of 'confidence' as an attribute: the general self-confidence (this sense) and a more specific confidence that one can perform a specific task. The latter is a subtype of this general sense of 'self-assurance' Relation to ''Pride''?? Cyc: The positive emotion felt when one is free from doubt about an event or object from which the agent feeling #$Confidence expects positive contingencies. For example, one might say 'I feel confident that tomorrow it will not be rainy'. Do not confuse this with a personality disposition, e.g. 'Joe is a confident person.' (See #$PersonalityAttribute.) This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. More specialized #$FeelingTypes include #$Grief, #$SelfConfidence, etc. WordNet does not distinguish this general sense of confidence from this more specific action-oriented confidence. The short term more specific sense is represented as 'FeelingOfConfidence'. In COSMO, confidence in another person or Agent is 'Trust' WN confidence sense 1 and assurance sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (13) assurance, self-assurance, confidence, self-confidence, authority, sureness - (freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; 'his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular'; 'after that failure he lost his confidence'; 'she spoke with authority')
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Courage^c Individuality^c Assertiveness^c Boldness^c Initiative^c Smugness^c Impudence^c

SelfConfident^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfConfident`
Description	The attribute of someone who has the trait of 'SelfConfidence'', being confident in her/his own worth and abilities.. `An excess of this makes one ''Impudent''. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'self-confident' in WordNet: 1. (2) self-assured, self-confident - (showing poise and confidence in your own worth; 'hardly more than a boy but firm-knit and self-confident')`
Super-classes	Confident^c
Sub-classes	Cocky^c Arrogant^c Composed^c Individualistic^c Complacent^c Poised^c

SelfConscious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfConscious`
Description	To be ''SelfConscious'' is to be concerned significantly more than average than most people and care about the impressions one makes on others, a more intensive form of being ''SelfAware''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'self-conscious' in Wordnet: 2. self-conscious - (excessively and uncomfortably conscious of your appearance or behavior; 'self-conscious teenagers'; 'wondered if she could ever be untidy without feeling self-conscious about it')`
Super-classes	SelfAware^c
Sub-classes	High-Class^c

SelfControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfControl`
Description	''SelfControl'' is the ''Control'' by a Person of his/her own impulses (''Urge''s) or desires or emotions, to avoid doing improper or harmful or unfriendly things, including avoiding doing things that could harm the Person him/herself. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-control' in WordNet: 1. (1) self-denial, self-discipline, self-control - (the act of denying yourself; controlling your impulses) WN verb 'control': 2. (20) control, hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate - (lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; 'moderate your alcohol intake'; 'hold your tongue'; 'hold your temper'; 'control your anger')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c ControllingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c) controls^op value Self^c
Sub-classes	StiflingAnImpulse^c

SelfDescription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfDescription`
Description	A 'SelfDescription'' is a 'LinguisticDescription'' that describes the Person doing the describing. No WN definition.
Super-classes	LinguisticDescription^c AbstractText^c
Restrictions	describes^op value Self^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Self-described^c

SelfDiscipline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfDiscipline`
Description	''SelfDiscipline'' can include various types of restraining one's own behavior, as for dieting or refraining from what one has come to consider moral or social impropriety. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-discipline' in WordNet: 1. (1) self-discipline, self-denial - (the trait of practicing self discipline)`
Super-classes	Discipline^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SelfControl^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	SelfRestraint^c SelfImmolation^c

SelfGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfGovernment`
Description	'''SelfGovernment'' is a form of ''Liberty'' that is exercised by the ''Citizenry'' of some GeoPolitical unit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-government' in WordNet: 1. (2) self-government, self-determination, self-rule - (government of a political unit by its own people)`
Super-classes	Liberty^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Citizenry^c
Sub-classes	Soverignty^c

SelfHelp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfHelp`
Description	''SelfHelp'' is a ''HelpingAnAgent'' where the Person being helped is the same as the Person doing the helping. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-help' in WordNet: 1. (1) self-help - (the act of helping or improving yourself without relying on anyone else)`
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Self^c hadBeneficiary^op value Self^c

SelfImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfImage`
Description	A ''SelfImage'' is the mental 'image' that a Person has about him/herself. There is no WN representation of this concept. RHUDEL noun 'self-image': the idea, conception, or menial image one has of oneself. Wikipedia 'self-image': Self-image is the mental picture, generally of a kind that is quite resistant to change, that depicts not only details that are potentially available to objective investigation by others (height, weight, hair color, etc.), but also items that have been learned by persons about themselves, either from personal experiences or by internalizing the judgments of others. Self-image may consist of four types: Self-image resulting from how an individual sees oneself. Self-image resulting from how others see the individual. Self-image resulting from how the individual perceives others see them. Self-image resulting from how the individual perceives the individual sees oneself. These four types may or may not be an accurate representation of the person. All, some, or none of them may be true. A more technical term for self-image that is commonly used by social and cognitive psychologists is self-schema
Super-classes	MentalImagery^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Self^c

SelfImmolation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfImmolation`
Description	This term is not a literal 'burning' but figurative 'burning' of one's own desires for the benefit of other(s). Not in WN. RHW 'self-immolation': voluntary sacrifice or denial of oneself, as for an ideal or another person.
Super-classes	SelfDiscipline^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op value OtherPeople^c

SelfImprovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfImprovement`
Description	''SelfImprovement'' is an Action in which a Person (or persons) performs some action intended to improve him/herself, for any purpose - which may or may not be successful.
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c AttemptingActivity^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c) hasAttemptedAction^op value ImprovingFunctionality^c
Sub-classes	Yoga^c

SelfInterest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfInterest

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-interest' in WordNet:
         1. (1) opportunism, self-interest, self-seeking, expedience - 
           (taking advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences for others)

Super-classes Selfishness^c

SelfLimited^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfLimited

Description

''SelfLimited'' is the attribute of a ''SelfLimitingDisease'', a Disease that will go away even if not treated.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-limited' in Wordnet:
           . self-limited - (relating to a disease that tends to run 
               a definite course without treatment)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SelfLimitingDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfLimitingDisease`
Description	''SelfLimitingDisease'' is a ''Disease'' that if not treated, will nevertheless halt its course, and not lead to death,
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SelfLimited^c

SelfPortrait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfPortrait`
Description	A ''SelfPortrait'' is a ''Portrait' of the Artist who painted it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-portrait' in WordNet: 1. self-portrait - (a portrait of yourself created by yourself)`
Super-classes	Portrait^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value Self^c depictsObject^op value Self^c

SelfPosession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfPosession`
Description	NOTE that this is represented as a ''Feeling''. ''SelfPosession'' is a subtype of ''SelfControl'' that includes ''Resolution-Emotion'' that makes it stronger. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-possession' in WordNet: 1. self-control, self-possession, possession, willpower, self-command, self-will - (the trait of resolutely controlling your own behavior)`
Super-classes	Trait^c Resolution-Emotion^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SelfControl^c

SelfPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfPoweredDevice`
Description	A subtype of PoweredDevice including all Devices that have a source of power other than the muscles of the operator, in order to perform their job. This will include all electrical and electronic Devices, as well a MechanicalDevices with a non-human power source..
Super-classes	PoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	HandSaw^c Motorcycle^c Rocket^c Torpedo^c Metronome^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c RocketPropelledTransportationDevice^c PowerSaw^c Motorboat^c FuelPoweredDevice^c ExplosiveDevice^c InternalCombustionPoweredDevice^c WristWatch^c NuclearPoweredDevice^c BatteryPoweredDevice^c Clock^c LightingDevice^c Stopwatch^c Snowmobile^c ProjectileShellAssembly^c

SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice`
Description	NOTE: this type is called in Cyc 'SelfPoweredDevice' The name was changed so that 'SelfPoweredDevice' can be used for the more general type of Devices that have a source of power expternal to the operator. Cyc: A specialization of both #$MechanicalDevice and #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$SelfPoweredDevice has, as one of its internal parts, a device which converts some kind of potential energy into force. For example, a cordless electric drill would be an instance of #$SelfPoweredDevice, since it contains a battery and motor that convert electricity stored in the battery into kinetic energy. Other examples of #$SelfPoweredDevices are the instances of #$Automobile, which (typically) convert gasoline and battery power to get the energy to move. Of course, some muscle power is involved in operating both a cordless drill and an automobile, but in neither case is it the main part of the power. Negative exemplars of a #$SelfPoweredDevice include all instances of #$Bicycle (powered by the people who ride them), cable cars (since they are pulled along by cables embedded in the street) and subway trains (often powered by an electrified 'third rail')
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c PoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	Automobile^c Excavator^c Rototiller^c

SelfReliance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfReliance`
Description	''SelfReliance'' is a form of ''Independence'' that is a Trait inspired by ''SelfConfidence'' that inclines a person to rely on his/her own resources and judgment rather than depending on others. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-reliance' in WordNet: 1. (1) autonomy, self-direction, self-reliance, self-sufficiency - (personal independence)`
Super-classes	Independence^c PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SelfConfidence^c isTheAbsenceOf^op some Depending^c

SelfRestraint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfRestraint`
Description	Hard to tell the difference between WN 'restraint' and 'self-restraint'. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'self-restraint' and sense 2 of 'restraint' in WordNet: 1. self-restraint, temperateness - (exhibiting restraint imposed on the self; 'an effective temperateness in debate') WN noun 'restraint': 2. (2) restraint, control - (discipline in personal and social activities; 'he was a model of polite restraint'; 'she never lost control of herself')`
Super-classes	SelfDiscipline^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Self^c

SelfStarter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfStarter`
Description	A ''Person'' with the trait of ''Initiative''. @ToDo: Also 'energetic'? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-starter' in WordNet: 1. self-starter - (an energetic person with unusual initiative)`
Super-classes	Doer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SelfStarting^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value FirstStep^c
Sub-classes	Entrepreneur^c

SelfStarting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SelfStarting

Description

The attribute of a ''Person'' with the trait of ''Initiative''. This Trait is evidenced by the Action of such a Person as the proncile or one of the principle persons in ''StartingaProject''.

  No WN entry, but RHW has 'self-starting' as a derivative under
     'self-starter'.

   applies to a ''SelfStarter'', as in WN 'self-starter':
  in WordNet:
     1. self-starter - (an energetic person with unusual initiative)

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Selfie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selfie`
Description	A ''Selfie'' is a ''GenericPhotograph'' that includes an image of the Person taking the photograph along with surrounding objects, that can be a ''PhysicalObject'' or a digital file in any format on some ''InformationStorageMedia''. It is usually created by a DigitalCamera, including ''SmartPhone''s. `NO WN or RHW sense - too recent. Online Definition of selfie noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary: selfie noun (informal): a photo of yourself that you take, typically with a smartphone or webcam, and usually put on social media`
Super-classes	GenericPhotograph^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Photographer^c

Selfish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selfish`
Description	'Selfish' is an AttributeValue of those who are concerned primarily with their own interests and benefit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'selfish' in WordNet: 1. (3) selfish - (concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others; 'Selfish men were...trying to make capital for themselves out of the sacred cause of civil rights'- Maria Weston Chapman)`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Inconsiderate^c

Selfishness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selfishness`
Description	'Selfishness' is a Trait of those who are concerned primarily with their own well-being and preferences, to the extent of being unfair to other people. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'selfishness' in WordNet: 1. (2) selfishness - (stinginess resulting from a concern for your own welfare and a disregard of others)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	SelfInterest^c

Selling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Selling`
Description	'Selling' is the converse correlate of Buying; either Event entails the other; both are different perspectives on the same Event, from the point of view of the two different participants. Each instance of 'Selling' is a 'sale' and entails the corresponding 'purchase'. Habitual repeated action of this type can be represented alternatively by a assertion with the relation 'sells'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sell' and noun senses 1 and 2 of sale' in WordNet: 1. (633) sell - (exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent; 'He sold his house in January'; 'She sells her body to survive and support her drug habit') WN 'sale': 1. (414) sale - (the general activity of selling; 'they tried to boost sales'; 'laws limit the sale of handguns') 2. (128) sale - (a particular instance of selling; 'he has just made his first sale'; 'they had to complete the sale before the banks closed')
Super-classes	Transaction^c BuyingRelatedActivity^c TransferringOwnership^c SalesActivity^c
Restrictions	causes^op some Buying^c hasReciprocalEvent^op some Buying^c
Sub-classes	Auction^c RetailSale^c WholesaleSale^c Peddling^c UndersellingTheCompetition^c SupplyingGoods^c Merchandising^c

SellingActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SellingActivity`
Description	This type of ''SellingActivity'' is the selling or attempting to sell as a profession. `COSMO NOTE: the relation ''sells''' can be used to relate a''Person'' who sells some type of object or substance directly to the object or substance that s/he sells. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sell' in WordNet: 3. (59) deal, sell, trade - (do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood; 'She deals in gold'; 'The brothers sell shoes')`
Super-classes	TransactingBusiness^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value SalesPerson^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value MakingaDeal^c hasSubEvent^op value OfferingForSale^c
Sub-classes	SellingTickets^c

SellingOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SellingOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$Organization and #$Vendor. Each instance of #$SellingOrganization is an organization whose main function is to sell things by conducting sales activities. Specializations include #$SalesDepartment, #$AdvertisingAgency, and #$RetailOrganization. `In SUMO the approximate equivalent is 'MercantileOrganization', but in COSMO a 'SellingOrganization' does not have to be a Corporation. SUMO: Any Corporation which sells goods or services to customers for a profit.`
Super-classes	CommercialOrganization^c Vendor^c
Restrictions	hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op value Customer^c
Sub-classes	Wholesaler^c RetailOrganization^c

SellingTickets^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SellingTickets`
Description
Super-classes	SellingActivity^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Ticket^c isPerformedBy^op value TicketAgent^c

SellingaService^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SellingaService`
Description	''SellingaService'' is a 'Selling' in which the product sold is a ''ServiceEvent''.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sell' and noun senses 1 and 2 of sale' in WordNet: 1. (633) sell - (exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent; 'He sold his house in January'; 'She sells her body to survive and support her drug habit') WN 'sale': 1. (414) sale - (the general activity of selling; 'they tried to boost sales'; 'laws limit the sale of handguns') 2. (128) sale - (a particular instance of selling; 'he has just made his first sale'; 'they had to complete the sale before the banks closed')
Super-classes	Transaction^c BuyingRelatedActivity^c
Restrictions	causes^op some ServiceEvent^c

SeltzerWater^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeltzerWater

Description

Carbonated DrinkingWater.

       NOTE: this is almost all ''Water'' soit is classified as a
          subtype of ''Water'' rather than just containing water.

       Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'seltzer' in WordNet:
         1. seltzer - (naturally effervescent mineral water)
         2. soda water, carbonated water, club soda, seltzer, sparkling water - 
              (effervescent beverage artificially charged with carbon dioxide)

Super-classes Water^c
SoftDrink^c
DrinkMixer^c
CarbonatedBeverage^c

Semantic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semantic

Description

''Semantic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Semantics'' and to the meanings of words and phrases generally. The terms 'semantic' and 'semantics' are sometimes used informally to refer to ambiguity in language.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semantic' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) semantic - (of or relating to meaning or the study of meaning;
         'semantic analysis')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SemanticNetwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemanticNetwork`
Description	A SemanticNetwork is an arrangement of terms representing concepts, including an inheritance ('isa') hierarchy, and at least several other relations that connect terms and indicated conceptual relations among the concepts represented by the terms. A thesuarus differs from an ontology primarily in that the meanings of the types and relations are not defined by logical rules. `The common ''SemanticNetwork'' is not an ''Ontology'' in not being suitable for logical inference, but an ''Ontolog'' has all of the characteristics of a ''SemanticNetwork'' plus the greater degree of logical formalization, so in COSMO an ''Ontology'' is classified as a subtype of ''SemanticNetwork''.`
Super-classes	KnowledgeClassificationSystem^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value Taxonomy^c
Sub-classes	Ontology^c

Semanticist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semanticist`
Description	A #$Linguist specializing in #$Semantics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semanticist' in WordNet: 1. semanticist, semiotician - (a specialist in the study of meaning)`
Super-classes	Linguist^c Person^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Semantics^c

Semantics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semantics`
Description	''Semantics'' is a branch of Linguistics that explores the meanings of words and phrases. (Subtype or branch of Linguistics?) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semantics' in WordNet: 1. semantics - (the study of language meaning)`
Super-classes	Linguistics^c
Restrictions	isaBranchOf^op value Linguistics^c

Semen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semen`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semen' in WordNet: 1. semen, seed, seminal fluid, ejaculate, cum, come - (the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract)`
Super-classes	Secretion-Bodily^c LiquidSubstance^c AnimalSubstance^c ExcretionSubstance^c BodyFluid^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value Spermatozoon^c

Semester^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semester`
Description	A ''Semester'' is a ''SchoolSession'' (the Event,not the TimeInterval) that is one of two such 'sessions' during a school year. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semester' in WordNet: 1. semester - (one of two divisions of an academic year)`
Super-classes	SchoolSession^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#biyearly^c

Semi-DirectedPathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semi-DirectedPathSystem`
Description	An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a subcollection of #$PathSystem. Each instance of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem is a path system SYS in which every link LINK is given at least one direction (specified by (#$linkFromToInSystem LINK X Y SYS)), and in which every loop is given two directions (so in a sense we can ignore the directions of loops). The directions of paths and non-loop-cycles (if there are any) in SYS are determined by the directions of links in SYS. When designing a particular semi-directed path system, it is convenient to create a constant for the system (say SYS1) and to assert that it is an instance of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem (#$isa SYS1 #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem)). One can then create a constant for each node (such as Node1) in the system, and a constant for each link (such as LinkA) in the system (using (#$isa LinkA #$Path-Simple)), and then assert the directions of links using #$linkFromToInSystem (e.g., (#$linkFromToInSystem LinkA Node1 Node2 SYS1)). The axioms for #$linkFromToInSystem will allow one to infer other assertions, such as those involving #$pointOnPath, #$linkBetweenInSystem, #$nodeInSystem, and #$linkInSystem. One can then proceed creating loops, isolated points, and extra points on links, if they are desired.
Super-classes	PathSystem^c
Sub-classes	DirectedPathSystem^c GenericNetwork^c

SemiConscious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemiConscious

Description

$SemiConscious is the collection of all animals

        that meet some, but not all, of the necessary conditions for
        being #$Awake. Specifically, an animal that is a member of
        #$SemiConscious typically performs some behavior which is
        ordinarily considered deliberate, such as walking or
        speaking, but is insensitive to some or all environmental stimuli.


      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semiconscious' in WordNet:
        1. semiconscious - (partially conscious; not completely aware of sensations)

Super-classes UnableToFunction^c
Alive^c

SemiFormal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemiFormal

Description

''SemiFormal'' is the term used for tuxedos at most 'formal' social events, also called 'black tie'. For fully 'formal' dress men need a 'white tie' and tails.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semiformal' in Wordnet:
       1. semiformal, semi-formal, black-tie - (moderately formal;
         requiring a dinner jacket; 'he wore semiformal attire'; 'a black-tie dinner')

Super-classes DressedUp^c

SemiSolid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemiSolid`
Description	COSMO note: ''SemiSolid'' and 'Solid' are not completely disjoint, but there are gradations such that something may be classified as both 'Solid' and 'Semisolid'. But 'Semisolid' and 'Hard' are disjoint properties. NOTE that the attribute ''Soft'' is also deformable, but this ''SemiSolid'' is for substances and Objects that has some component of liquid in them. This distinguishes ''SemiSolid'' from ''Soft'', which is for ''PhysicalObject''s that have an outer surface that does not have a liquid component, and though ''Deformable'' may restore to its original shape, such as a spongy or velvety object. Pillows and many other ''Stuffed'' objects have the ''Soft'' attribute while 'SemiSolid' objects, after being deformed, will not easily be restored to the original shape.. CYC: An instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType (q.v.); the collection of tangible things that are tactually intermediate between solids and fluids. When a semisolid object is subjected to a sufficient force, it deforms substantially and does not break or crack. It may return to its original shape, like a sponge, or retain the shape which resulted from the applied force, like soft clay. As with #$SolidTangibleThings, semisolids have shapes independent of their containers (see #$ContainerIndependentShape) and they cannot be poured. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semisolid' in WordNet: 1. semisolid - (partly solid; having a rigidity and viscosity intermediate between a solid and a liquid; 'a semisolid mixture')
Super-classes	Deformable^c
Sub-classes	Spreadable^c Creamy^c Gelatinous^c Greasy^c Jellied^c Mushy^c

SemiSolidSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemiSolidSubstance`
Description	Any substance that is semisolid, which means that it has a large component of liquid but does not pour freely like a liquid. This includes a slurry, which can be pooured to some degree, as well as a Gel, which does not pour at all. This is a substance, not an Object, as in Cyc. Cyc: ('SemiSolidTangibleThing'): An instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType (q.v.); the collection of tangible things that are tactually intermediate between solids and fluids. When a semisolid object is subjected to a sufficient force, it deforms substantially and does not break or crack. It may return to its original shape, like a sponge, or retain the shape which resulted from the applied force, like soft clay. As with #$SolidTangibleThings, semisolids have shapes independent of their containers (see #$ContainerIndependentShape) and they cannot be poured.
Super-classes	SubstanceByState^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Deformable^c
Sub-classes	Lard^c PetroleumJelly^c Putty^c Margarine^c Filling^c Tofu^c Pulp^c PavingAsphalt^c Sauce^c Blubber^c Pudding^c Mud^c Puree^c Paste^c Magma^c PavingMaterial^c Mincemeat^c Gook^c ShoePolish^c gel^c

SemiSolidSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemiSolidSubstanceType`
Description	'SemiSolidSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'SemiSolidSubstance' and other entities..
Super-classes	FluidType^c SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	PavingType^c
Members	PavingAsphalt TacoFilling PavingMaterial Mincemeat Mud GroundMeat Magma Lava Pate GroundBeef Filling Pulp Tofu

Semicircle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semicircle`
Description	CYC: A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$RoundObject. This is the collection of all semi-circles, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$Semicircle is a spatial object having the form of a half circle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semicircle' in WordNet: 1. semicircle, hemicycle - (a plane figure with the shape of half a circle)`
Super-classes	RoundObject^c Line^c TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c Curve^c FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasFractionMeasure^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_2^c hasShape^op value ArcShaped^c isaProperPartOf^op value Circle^c

Semicolon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semicolon`
Description	A ''Semicolon'' is a 'PunctuationMark' that signals the end of one part of a sentence, or serves to break the sentence into several 'phrases' (which need not be explicitly multi-word). It is used for many different purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semicolon' in WordNet: 1. semicolon - (a punctuation mark (';') used to connect independent clauses; indicates a closer relation than does a period)`
Super-classes	PunctuationMark^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op only TwoAdjacentClauses^c

Semiconductor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semiconductor

Description

CYC: 'SemiconductorStuff': A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$SemiconductorStuff can, under varying electrical fields, behave as an electrical insulator at times and an electrical conductor at other times.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semiconductor' in WordNet:
          1. semiconductor, semiconducting material - 
             (a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity 
             is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; 
             its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities)

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c

SemiconductorDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemiconductorDevice`
Description	A specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. Each instance of #$SemiconductorDevice is an electronic component used in computers and communications equipment. Each instance of #$SemiconductorDevice is constructed largely from instances of some specialization of #$SemiconductorStuff such as #$Silicon or #$Germanium. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semiconductor device' in WordNet: 1. semiconductor device, semiconductor unit, semiconductor - (a conductor made with semiconducting material)`
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Semiconductor^c
Sub-classes	IntegratedCircuit^c

SemifinalTournamentRound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemifinalTournamentRound`
Description	A ''SemifinalTournamentRound'' is a ''TournamentRound'' in which two games or matches (with one ''Competitor'' per game there are four Competitors) are played and the winners of those two games become the competitors in the ''FinalTournamentRound'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semifinal' in WordNet: 1. semifinal, semi - (one of the two competitions in the next to the last round of an elimination tournament)`
Super-classes	TournamentRound^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some CompetitorQuartet^c

Seminal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seminal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seminal' in Wordnet: 1. seminal - (pertaining to or containing or consisting of semen; 'seminal fluid')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Seminar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seminar

Description

A ''Seminar'' is a small ''Conference'' held in one session in a room no large than a classroom. A series of such meetings is sometimes referred to as a 'seminar' but that series would be represented as a series of this type of meeting. A ''Seminar'' typically provides more interaction among the participants and presenters that does a larger Conference or a typical lecture in a university course.

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'seminar' in WordNet:
          1. seminar - (any meeting for an exchange of ideas)

Super-classes Conference^c

SeminarCourse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeminarCourse

Description

A ''SeminarCourse'' is a ''Group'' of ''Seminar''s focused on some particular topic.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'seminar' in WordNet:
           2. seminar - (a course offered for a small group of advanced students)

Super-classes CourseOfInstruction^c

Seminary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seminary`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'seminary' in WordNet: 2. seminary - (a theological school for training ministers or priests or rabbis)`
Super-classes	ReligiousSchool^c

Semiotics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semiotics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semiotics' in WordNet: 1. semiotics, semiology - ((philosophy) a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols)`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalTheory^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Philosophy^c

SemipermeableMembrane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemipermeableMembrane`
Description	A ''SemipermeableMembrane'' is a ''Membrane'' that allows some substances in solution to pass through while serving as a barrier to other substances. Ina ddition to biological membranes, there are synthetic''SemipermeableMembrane''s that are used in a variety of applications such as desalinization of water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semipermeable membrane' in WordNet: 1. semipermeable membrane - (a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecule to pass through but not others)`
Super-classes	Membrane^c
Sub-classes	CellMembrane^c

Semirigid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semirigid

Description

Semirigid is an attribute of objects that can deform to some extent under their own weight in a gravitational field, but are not fully 'Rigid' nor do they pour like a liquid or a slurry.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semirigid' in Wordnet:
          2. semirigid - (not fully rigid)

Super-classes Deformable^c

SemirigidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SemirigidObject`
Description	A ''SemiSolidObject is any ''PhysicalObject'' that is 'SemiSolid'', which means that it has enough solid consistency to hold most of its shape in a graviational field, but is easily deformed.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Deformable^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Semirigid^c

Semisweet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semisweet

Description

''Semisweet'' is the attribute of ''Food''s, especially ''DessertSubstance''e that are to some degree ''SweetTasting'' and to some degree ''BitterTasting''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semisweet' in Wordnet:
           1. bittersweet, semisweet - (having a taste that is a mixture of bitterness and sweetness)

Super-classes SweetTasting^c
BitterTasting^c

Senate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Senate`
Description	Any 'LegislativeOrganization' that is called a 'senate' by the government that created it. The 'members' are ''Senator''s, though there may be many other people working for the organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'senate' in Wordnet: 1. (6) senate - (assembly possessing high legislative powers)`
Super-classes	LegislativeOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Senator^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesSenate

Senator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Senator`
Description	A person who is an official member of some Senate. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'senator' in Wordnet: 1. (6) senator - (a member of a senate)`
Super-classes	Legislator^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op some Senate^c
Sub-classes	USSenator^c

SendingATelegram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SendingATelegram`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events of sending a telegram. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'telegraph' in WordNet: 1. (2) cable, telegraph, wire - (send cables, wires, or telegrams)`
Super-classes	SendingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Telegram^c requiredInstrument^op value Telegraph^c

SendingForSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SendingForSomeone`
Description	''SendingForSomeone'' is a ''SummoningSomeone'' with the force of an order, from some ''Authority''. `NOTE: ''SummoningSomeone'' is a sub-synset of ''SendingForSomeone'' . in WordNet; but it appears form the glosses that 'summon' is just a request, while 'send for' is more like an order. So the subtype relation is inverted here relative to WordNet. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'send for' in WordNet: 1. (4) call, send for - (order, request, or command to come; 'She was called into the director's office'; 'Call the police!')`
Super-classes	SummoningSomeone^c Ordering^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Authority^c
Sub-classes	MobilizingTroops^c

SendingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SendingSomething`
Description	'SendingSomething' is interpreted more broadly than in Cyc: the thing sent can be abstract (information, email, telegram) or physical, and for abstract things does not imply loss of possession. This is the most general sense of 'send', but does not include 'sending' persons somewhere - the thing sent must be under the control of the person doing the sending.. As a subclas of ''GeneralizedTransfer'' this type inherits the 'hadThingTransferred' relation. For 'sending' via a commercial carrier use 'Shipping'. Cyc: The collection of events in which an #$Agent-PartiallyTangible intends to have an object (other than itself) delivered to some other #$Agent-PartiallyTangible. This involves at least a temporary loss of some user rights to the object by the sender. If successful, an instance of #$SendingSomething is also an instance of #$TransferringPossession. Includes verb senses 1,2,3,4 and 6 of 'send' in WordNet: 1. (79) send, direct - - (cause to go somewhere; 'The explosion sent the car flying in the air'; 'She sent her children to camp'; 'He directed all his energies into his dissertation') 2. (20) send, send out - - (to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place; 'He had sent the dispatches downtown to the proper people and had slept') 3. (20) mail, post, send - - (cause to be directed or transmitted to another place; 'send me your latest results'; 'I'll mail you the paper when it's written') 4. (14) transport, send, ship - - (transport commercially) 6. (5) send, get off, send off - - (transfer; 'The spy sent the classified information off to Russia')
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c Action^c
Sub-classes	Forwarding^c Redirecting^c SendingATelegram^c Broadcasting^c TransportationServiceEvent^c DispatchingVehicles^c SendingaTweet^c SubmittingSomething^c MailingSomething^c CastingSomething^c

SendingaTweet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SendingaTweet`
Description	'SendingaTweet'' is a means of ''LinguisticCommunication'' that uses a ''CellularTelephone'' to send written messages transmitted over the ''Internet'' by means of the ''SmartPhoneApp'' named ''Twitter'' .
Super-classes	LinguisticCommunication^c SendingSomething^c InternetCommunication^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twitter^c

Senescent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Senescent

Description

''Senescent'' is a subattribute of ''Elderly'', characterizing people who have aged to the point where the harmful effects have reduced the physical and/or mental abilities. This is applied to people who have already grown old, and are still growing older.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'senescent' in Wordnet:
           1. aging, ageing, senescent - (growing old)

Super-classes Older^c

Senior^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Senior

Description

''Senior'' is a ''ComparativeAttributeValue'' that attributes to some Person a higher rank or status than some other person(s) due to longer time that the Person occupied a position.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'senior' in WordNet:
            1. (3) senior - (older; higher in rank; longer in length
            of tenure or service; 'senior officer')

Super-classes ComparativeAttributeValue^c

SeniorStudent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeniorStudent

Description

A ''SeniorStudent'' is a ''FourYearStudent'' is a fourth-year Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 and adjective sense 2 (here used as
           a noun) of 'senior' in WordNet:
           1. (3) senior - (an undergraduate student during the year preceding graduation)
        WN adj 'senior':
           2. (1) senior, fourth-year - (used of the fourth 
            and final year in United States high school or college; "the senior prom")

Super-classes FourYearStudent^c

Seniority^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seniority

Description

This ''Seniority'' is any one of numerous grades of 'longevity' that typically can be ranked by the number of days a Person has spent in some position, or at some more formally defined ''Rank'' especially in military service. This type does not automatically imply 'higher seniority' than some comparison Person.

    This is a subtype of 'Rank'' and in a sense is a sub-''Rank'' that defines levels
      between other levels of ''Rank' (which are nominally graded by merit or hierarchy
      level rather than time).

    NOTE that ''Seniority'' in COSMO is a subtype of 'Rank'', a subtype of ''Status'' whereas
       in WN Seniority is a subtype of ''SuperiorStatus'' ... but 'lower seniority'
       is a form of 'Seniority'' so this COSMO ''Seniority'' is not represented as a subtype
       of ''SuperiorStatus'' - although in some contexts 'having seniority' means
       'having higher seniority', that usage is ambiguous and this treatment attempts to
       avoid that ambiguity.

      Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'seniority' in WordNet:
        1. (1) seniority, senior status, higher status, higher rank - 
          (higher rank than that of others especially by reason of longer service)

Super-classes Rank^c
Role^c

Sensation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensation`
Description	A Feeling caused by an act of Perceiving, including a Perceiving of some internal condition of the body. This is not for the 'sensing' performed by a ''SensorDevice''. For that use ''Detection''. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'sensation' in Random House Webster: 4. a feeling or perception produced through the organs of touch, taste, etc., or resulting from a particular condition of some part of the body: to have a sense of cold. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'sensation' and verb sense 1 of 'sense' in WordNet: 1. (15) sensation, esthesis, aesthesis, sense experience, sense impression, sense datum - (an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation; 'a sensation of touch') WN verb 'sense': 1. (26) feel, sense - (perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles; 'He felt the wind'; 'She felt an object brushing her arm'; 'He felt his flesh crawl'; 'She felt the heat when she got out of the car')
Super-classes	Perceiving^c Feeling^c
Sub-classes	SenseOfSight^c TasteSensation^c TastingSomething^c Synesthesia^c AuditorySensation^c PleasurableSensation^c OdorSensation^c Smelling^c BodySensation^c SkinSensation^c FeelingCold^c

Sense^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sense

Description

'Sense' is a specialization of 'Awareness' in which an agent is aware of something specific: to be an instance of this type, the awareness needs to be a result of current perceptions, but it can include some element of reasoning (conscious or unconscious) in arriving at the awareness.

  in WordNet:
     1. (37) sense - (a general conscious awareness; 'a sense of security';
         'a sense of happiness'; 'a sense of danger'; 'a sense of self')

Super-classes Awareness^c

SenseOfHearing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SenseOfHearing

Description

SenseOfHearing is an AttributeType of animals or artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect sounds; represents the 'sense of hearing'. This AttributeType takes values of ''HearingAcuity'' that can quantitatively specify a hearing ability, on an absolute scale, or relative to the abilities of the average animal of its species. Its values may be intensive values, which are instances of 'HearingAcuity' such as 'excellent' 'very good', 'average' 'poor' and 'deaf'. A HearingAcuity may also be quantified by more precise measures, such as ability to hear in specific frequency ranges. (@ToDo: quantitative sound detection measures not yet (r859) represented in COSMO).

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sense of hearing' in WordNet:
       6. hearing, audition, auditory sense, sense of hearing, auditory modality - 
          (the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired")

Super-classes SensoryAttributeType^c

SenseOfSight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SenseOfSight

Description

''Sight'' or 'vision' is the sensation of ''Seeing''. For the capability see ''SenseOfVision''.

           Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vision' in WordNet:
             2. (8) sight, vision, visual sense, visual modality - 
                 (the ability to see; the visual faculty)
              'he had a visual sensation of intense light')

Super-classes Sensation^c

SenseOfVision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SenseOfVision`
Description	The ''SenseOfVision'' (a ''Capability'') is the ability to perceive colors and shapes of physical objects by means of light images from light waves transmitted through a transparent medium, and detected through the eyes and interpreted by the visual processing portions of the ''Brain''. `This is an AttributeType of animals or sophisticated artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect light patterns emitted from objects and process and interpret them to determine what kinds of objects are in the visual field. This represents the 'sense of sight' generally. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sight' and sense 2 of 'vision' in WordNet: 3. (6) sight, vision, visual sense, visual modality - - (the ability to see; the visual faculty)`
Super-classes	VisualAcuity^c
Sub-classes	BinocularVision^c

Senseless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Senseless

Description

'Senseless' is an intense subtype of 'Unreasonable', an AttributeValue modifying actions (including emotions), plans, or policies (not applied to people). To characterize an Action as 'Senseless' means that it is so clearly detrimental to the agent's goals that no objective observer would consider it as appropriate; when an action is 'Senseless' it should be clear to an objective observer that the action is not based on a reasoning approach, but more likely due to emotional urges, and would show poor judgment in that it would either not achieve the desired goal, be detrimental to the agent performing the action, or be excessively detrimental to other people's goals.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'senseless' and part of
    sense 1 (not applying to people) of 'irrational' in WordNet:
     1. (2) mindless, reasonless, senseless - - (not marked by the use of reason;
     'mindless violence'; 'reasonless hostility'; 'a senseless act')
    WN 'irrational':
      1. (2) irrational - - (not consistent with or using reason;
         'irrational fears'; 'irrational animals')

Super-classes Unreasonable^c

Sensibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensibility`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sensibility' in WordNet: 2. (2) sensibility - (refined sensitivity to pleasurable or painful impressions; 'cruelty offended his sensibility')`
Super-classes	EmotionalSensitivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Refined^c

Sensible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensible

Description

'Sensible' is a more intense degree of 'NotUnreasonable', an AttributeValue modifying actions or policies, and is not applied to people (use 'Reasonable' or quantitative measures (use 'NotExcessive'). Use of 'Sensible' indicates that the action,plan, or policy is of a type that is not merely not detrimental to an agent, but is significantly beneficial and helpful in reaching that agent's goals.

    Coresponds to sense 1 of 'sensible' in WordNet:
      1. (3) reasonable, sensible - - (showing reason or sound judgment;
          'a sensible choice'; 'a sensible person')

Super-classes NotUnreasonable^c

SensingByaDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensingByaDevice`
Description	Each ''SensingByaDevice'' is a 'Detection' of some Thing - a state, the value of an observable thing, the presence of something in a location, that was performed by a ''SensorDevice'' and generated a ''SensorSignal''. Such signals are either themselves detectable by humans,or are transmitted to some Device that records the value of the signal or generates a different signal that can be detected by a human. Among the Devices that can receive a ''SensorSignal'' and convert it to a human-perceivable signal are audible alarms (e.g. home or office fire alarms), flashing warning lights, dials, displays, or gauges on any of multiple types of ''DisplayDevice'', that produce visible information, and others. `The ''SensingByaDevice'' Action of the device can be intermittent or continuous. In cases where only specific situations cause a signal that needs attention, the 'signal' produced can be a 'null signal' (e.g. no sound) which, if monitored, suggests that no problem exists. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensing' in WordNet: 1. (3) detection, sensing - (the perception that something has occurred or some state exists; 'early detection can often lead to a cure')`
Super-classes	IBTGeneration^c Detection^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (SensorDevice^c or ArtifactObjectType^c) produces^op value SensorSignal^c

Sensitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensitive`
Description	'Sensitive' is the AttributeValue of something that is susceptible to be affected by an action, or to react to an action. This is a broad sense of 'sensitive' including bacteria being sensitive to antibiotics, wounds being sensitive to touch (painful when touched); an instrument being sensitive to (able to detect) a certain stimulus. Sensitivity can in some cases be quantified, as with bacterial antibiotic sensitivity or other biological responses to specific quantities or concentrations of substances. In such cases 'sensitive' may be more or less arbitrarily defined and distinguished from 'insensitive' for specific objects by some specific level of sensitivity. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'sensitive' in WordNet: 1. (13) sensitive - - (responsive to physical stimuli; 'a mimosa's leaves are sensitive to touch'; 'a sensitive voltmeter'; 'sensitive skin'; 'sensitive to light')`
Super-classes	Susceptible^c
Sub-classes	EmotionallySensitive^c TouchSensitive^c Oversensitive^c ThinSkinned^c

Sensitivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensitivity`
Description	''Sensitivity'' is the most general sense 'being sensitive', including several differentiable subtypes. Includes noun senses 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 'sensitivity' in WordNet: 1. (8) sensitivity, sensitiveness, sensibility - ((physiology) responsiveness to external stimuli; the faculty of sensation; 'sensitivity to pain') 2. (4) sensitivity, sensitiveness - (the ability to respond to physical stimuli or to register small physical amounts or differences; 'a galvanometer of extreme sensitivity'; 'the sensitiveness of Mimosa leaves does not depend on a change of growth') 4. sensitivity, predisposition - (susceptibility to a pathogen)
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Sensitive^c
Sub-classes	HumanSensitivity^c EmotionalSensitivity^c Feelings^c

Sensor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensor`
Description	A ''Sensor'' is a PhysicalObject that detects something and creates an interpretable signal (''SensorSignal'). This is a broad category including biological and man-made 'sensors' here to allow reference to all sensors in discussions. This can be a Device or a sensory organ or a molecular signal on or in a 'Cell'. For each instance or type of Sensor, the type of thing detected should be specified. A 'Sensor' may detect more than one type of thing. NOTE WN does not have a category that includes biological sensors as well as Devices. Those two are subtypes ''SensoryReceptor'' and ''SensorDevice'', resectively. Although the type 'Sensor' will usually be used to specify the sensitive device or sense organ that detected something, in some cases it may be more convenient to just specify a larger aggregate, such as an 'Animal' (including people) that did the sensing. Cyc: (Generic sensor, not just devices) The collection of devices, biological or artificial, that gather information. Note: If a well-known named part of such an entity does the data-gathering, then generally only those parts are considered sensors, not the whole entity. E.g., even though a person gathers information, we generally do not consider them to be a sensor, but rather the sensors are their eyes, ears, skin, etc. In a context such as an ophthalmology convention, 'well-known part' has a different binding, and they would consider just certain parts of the eye to be sensors.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	detects^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	VibrationThroughAMediumSensor^c SensorDevice^c SensoryReceptor^c ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor^c ChemoReceptiveSensor^c TactileSensor^c SurfaceReceptor^c
In domain of	detects^op

SensorDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensorDevice`
Description	COSMO note: this sense of 'Sensor' is the device, and does not include biologicalsensors such as eyes or ears. A sensor device is designed to be used for detection of some category of object or substance, or some condition or any measurable quantity. Sensor definition from 'Ontology for Level-One Sensor Fusion and Knowledge Discovery' (by Marion G. Ceruti, Ph.D.) A sensor is a device that responds to a physical stimulus, (such as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or a particular motion) and transmits a resulting impulse for measurement or operating a control. Sensors can be mechanical, electrical, electro-optical, chemical, or biological (part of a living organism). Sensors can be land based or platform based, such as towed arrays. Related concepts include: signals, detection, modes of operation sensor arrays, operational limitations (e.g. range, depth, distance and altitude), resolution, passive sensors (e.g. hydrophone array), and active sensors (e.g. sonar). Concepts that deal with the interaction of signals with sensors include detection and signal-to-noise ratio mentioned in the section on signals. Sensor geometry is also important, as some sensors are not omni-directional. Their geographical environment limits others. Thus concepts that apply to geometry in general, such as points, lines, line segments, polygons, circles, ellipses, and other spatial entities must also be part of an ontology that applies to sensors in particular. Some examples of spatial relationships and geometry as applied to sensors are as follows: 1. An ellipse is drawn around a position to indicate the error in the position measurement. The major and minor axes of the ellipse represent the uncertainty in the coordinates of the position. 2. If a sensor must detect a target, the target must be within the range of the sensor, both in the distance (radius) and angularly (azimuth). Three-dimensional geometry is important when a sensor is located in a canyon and it depends upon a line-of-sight geometry to detect a target. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego (SSC-SD), Code 24121. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensor' in WordNet: 1. (7) detector, sensor, sensing element - (any device that receives a signal or stimulus (as heat or pressure or light or motion etc.) and responds to it in a distinctive manner)
Super-classes	Sensor^c Device^c
Sub-classes	SmokeAlarm^c ElectricSensor^c Radiosonde^c RadarUnit^c ImageScanner^c BarCodeScanner^c

SensorSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensorSignal`
Description	A ''SensorSignal'' is a Group of one or more ''Datum''s (pieces of information), produced by an individual or intermittent or continuous Act of ''SensingByaDevice'. When the device is properly functioning, the signal can be directly perceived by humans (e.g. a sound) or is transmitted to a Device that can record the signal or convert it to a form perceivable by humans, or both. As a ''Signal'' this is an artifact that is an InformationBearingThing, which is a very general type; it can take any of a variety of forms. The content is too varied to be restricted at this level.
Super-classes	Signal^c Data^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value SensingByaDevice^c hasComponentElement^op only Datum^c

Sensorial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensorial`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sensory' in Wordnet: 2. (3) sensory, sensorial - (involving or derived from the senses; 'sensory experience'; 'sensory channels')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sensory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensory

Description

''Sensory'' is the attrbute pertaiing to the senses in an emotionally neutral manner. The attribute that characterizes sensations that cause emotional reactions is ''Sensual''.

      Includes to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'sensory' in Wordnet:
        1. (4) centripetal, receptive, sensory - (of a nerve fiber or impulse 
            originating outside and passing toward the central nervous system; 'sensory neurons')
        3. sensational, sensory - (relating to or concerned in sensation; 'the sensory cortex';
            'sensory organs')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SensoryAbility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensoryAbility`
Description	A 'SensoryAbility' is an AgentCapability by which an Agent can perceive a certain type of stimulus or phenomenon. The subtypes and instances of 'SensoryAbility' are AttributeValues, of organisms or of artificial sensors, that specify what level or qualitative type of ability to detect phenomena the agent or sensor has; these attributes can specify what level of sensitivity or what qualitative distinctions can be made by the agent or sensor.. The traditional five senses are: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. This type can be extended to include the abilities of artifact sensors to detect phenomena, including chemical substances (somewhat analogous to taste). The subtypes of 'SensoryAbility' will be values of the general AttributeType 'SensoryAttributeType', or of its subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sense' in WordNet: 3. (19) sense, sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty - - (the faculty through which the external world is apprehended; 'in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing')`
Super-classes	AbilityToPerceive^c
Sub-classes	TouchAcuity^c VisualAcuity^c HearingAcuity^c OdorSensitivity^c TastingAcuity^c

SensoryAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensoryAttributeType`
Description	Each subtype of 'SensoryAttributeType' is an AttributeType of animals specifying the ability to detect specific types of stimulus or phenomenon. The values will be subtypes or instances of 'SensoryAbility'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sense' in WordNet: 3. (19) sense, sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty - - (the faculty through which the external world is apprehended; 'in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing')`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	SenseOfHearing^c SmellingAbility^c TastingAbility^c TouchAbility^c

SensoryCapabilityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensoryCapabilityType`
Description	Each instance of metaclass 'SensoryCapabilityType' is some subtype of 'SensoryAbility' such as hearing, touch, sight, etc. This applies to both organisms and artifacts with perceptual capability.
Super-classes	CapabilityType^c
Members	SmellingAbility TastingAbility SensoryAbility OdorSensitivity TouchAcuity TastingAcuity TouchAbility BinocularVision VisualAcuity SenseOfVision HearingAcuity

SensoryEnhancementDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensoryEnhancementDevice`
Description	The specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Instances of this collection are devices which are used to enhance a user's perception (cf. #$Perceiving) in some way. Positive examples include instances of #$Binoculars and #$HearingAid. Borderline cases might include #$ElectronMicroscopes and #$RadioTelescopes.
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual^c SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural^c

SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural`
Description	The specialization of #$SensoryEnhancementDevice. Instances of this collection are devices which are used to enhance a user's #$Hearing (cf. #$Perceiving) in some way. Positive examples include #$HearingAids and #$Stethoscopes.
Super-classes	SensoryEnhancementDevice^c
Restrictions	detects^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	HearingAid^c Stethoscope^c

SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual`
Description	The specialization of #$SensoryEnhancementDevice. Instances of this collection are devices which are used to enhance a user's #$VisualPerception (cf. #$Perceiving) in some way. Positive examples include instances of #$Binoculars and #$MagnifyingGlass.
Super-classes	SensoryEnhancementDevice^c
Sub-classes	Monocular^c Binoculars^c Microscope^c SunGlasses^c Telescope^c MagnifyingGlass^c

SensoryReceptor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SensoryReceptor

Description

A ''SensoryReceptor'' is part of an Animal body that can detect conditions in the envronment and send signals to the brain or other parts of the body in response. These are usually close to the surface of the body, though, as in the ear, they may be somewhat inside.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensory receptor' in WordNet:
        1. sense organ, sensory receptor, receptor - (an organ having 
           nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth)
           that respond to stimulation)

Super-classes Organ^c
Sensor^c

Sensual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensual

Description

''Sensual'' pertains to 'pleasures of the flesh' and the sensory functions involved. The eotionally neutral attribute referring to the senses is ''Sensory''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sensual' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) animal, carnal, fleshly, sensual - (marked by the appetites 
           and passions of the body; 'animal instincts'; 'carnal knowledge'; 'fleshly desire'2;
           'a sensual delight in eating'; 'music is the only sensual pleasure without vice')

Super-classes Bodily^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sensualist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensualist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensualist' in WordNet: 1. sensualist - (a person who enjoys sensuality)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sensuous^c enjoys^op value PleasantEvent^c
Sub-classes	Sybarite^c Hedonist^c

Sensuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sensuous

Description

This ''Sensuous'' characterizes a Person who takes delight in experiencing things through the senses, especially of taste (Food) and touch (including SexualArousal) and smell and sight (of beautiful things) and sound (of music).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sensuous' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) sensuous - (taking delight in beauty; 'the sensuous joy from all things fair')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sentence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sentence`
Description	A Sentence is the smallest unit of a language that can express a logical proposition. In human languages, it typically will have at least a verb and a subject. In logical languages, there has to be a relation or function and at least one argument. Some Sentence will be the linguistic equivalent of a logical and semantic 'Assertion', though there may be sentences that are not assertions (i.e. declarative sentences), particularly questions and commands. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sentence' in WordNet: 1. (31) sentence - (a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language; 'he always spoke in grammatical sentences')`
Super-classes	Phrase^c
Sub-classes	Question^c

Sentencing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sentencing`
Description	''Advisory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

SentencingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SentencingAction`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sentence' in WordNet: 1. (6) sentence, condemn, doom - (pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law; 'He was condemned to ten years in prison')`
Super-classes	Ruling^c Declaring^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Judge^c produces^op value ConvictionJudgment^c

SentientAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SentientAnimal`
Description	A subset of #$Animal, the collection of all animals which have a mind and are capable of conscious thought, or at least are best treated as such if you have to deal with them.
Super-classes	Animal^c
Sub-classes	Banshee^c Vertebrate^c Ogre^c Troll^c Werewolf^c Vampire^c Wizard^c Unicorn^c

Sentiment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sentiment`
Description	''Sentiment'' is a Pleasant ''Feeling'' that arises from thoughts of something a Person likes - another Person or an Event or perceiving an Object or recalling a Past Experience of the one feeling it. Too many possible causes to enumerate, collected under the attribute ''Sentimental''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sentiment' in WordNet: 1. (7) sentiment - (tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion)`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c

Sentimental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sentimental

Description

A ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that is a less intense form of ''Emotional'' and usually induces a Person to have sweet feelings about something that seems pleasant. This can apply to a Person or to some Event or Object that induces ''Sentiment''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sentimental' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) sentimental - (given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality)

Super-classes Emotional^c

Sepal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sepal`
Description	CYC: A sepal is a specialized leaf; collectively a set of sepals comprise a flower's calyx. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sepal' in WordNet: 1. sepal - (one of the green parts that form the calyx of a flower)`
Super-classes	FloralLeaf^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Calyx^c hasColor^op value GreenColor^c

Separate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Separate`
Description	'Separate' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some Group (often a Pair) of entities that are independent of each other, not part of a common thing, or it can be applied to any object separated from others within a group. Often this applies to actions that occur independently of each other, but it can be applied to Objects to emphasize that they may have had a common origin, but are now independent. `This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'separate' in WordNet: 1. (22) separate - - (independent; not united or joint; 'a problem consisting of two separate issues'; 'they went their separate ways'; 'formed a separate church')`
Super-classes	Different^c Independent^c
Sub-classes	Aloof^c Discrete^c

Separated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Separated`
Description	''Separated'' the general Attribute of some Object that was once adjacent or attached to another and had moved so that it is no longer in close contact. The static result is that the object and its former companion are now ''Spaced' but this type adds the additional constraint that the object was once not ''Spaced'' (unlike houses that are built being spaced apart). For objects that were not merely close together, but previously attached to each other, use subAttribute ''Detachd''.. `This type distinguishes diferences between 'spaced apart', 'detached', and 'separated' meaning 'now spaced apart but one having been close or attached'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'separated' in Wordnet: 2. (4) separated, spaced - (spaced apart)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Isolated^c Spaced^c
Sub-classes	Detached^c

Separated-Status^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Separated-Status

Description

CYC: The attribute of being #$Married but not living with one's #$spouse. An intent exists by at least one of the spouses not to live with the other. Often such a status is a requirement for a #$Divorce. Some jurisdictions may have legal definitions of and requirements for this status. #$Married couples (#$Couple-PairOfPeople) who live hundreds of miles apart do not necessarily have this status.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'separated' in WordNet:
            3. (1) apart, separate, separated - (not living together as man and wife;
              'decided to live apart'; 'maintaining separate households'; 'they are separated')

Super-classes Married^c

Separately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Separately

Description

''Separately'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify assertions about groups to indicate that the assertion pertains to each of the members of that group as individuals..

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'separately' in WordNet:
         1. (5) individually, separately, singly, 
             severally, one by one, on an individual basis -
              (apart from others; 'taken individually, the rooms were, 
              in fact, square'; 'the fine points are treated singly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Separation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Separation`
Description	A 'Separation' is a ''StraightPath'' that is a one-dimensional Region of space that lies between the points on the surfaces of two different PhysicalObjects that are closest to each other of all of the pairs of points. A thin straight rod shorter than this can fit between those points on the objects ??Problem: a''path'' is a physical Object and a ''interval'' is a region of space (in one interpretation) but these must be disjoint. So is a 'separation' a region of space or the physical stuff between things?? Needs more thinking.. For now it's a Path. Includes noun sense 4 of 'separation' and sense 1 of 'clearance' in WordNet: 4. (1) interval, separation - (the distance between things; 'fragile items require separation and cushioning') WN noun 'clearance': 1. (1) clearance - (the distance by which one thing clears another; the space between them)
Super-classes	StraightPath^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some PairOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	Clearance^c Cut^c

Separation-Complete^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Separation-Complete`
Description	A 'DividingSomethingIntoParts' in which the thing divided is a PhysicalObject. `Cyc: A specialization of #$SeparationEvent. In each instance of #$Separation-Complete, one object is separated into two or more distinct, unconnected pieces.`
Super-classes	DividingSomethingIntoParts^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	CuttingInPieces^c DividingIntoFineParticles^c Segmenting^c BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c Ablation^c PulverizationEvent^c

SeparationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeparationEvent`
Description	The most general sense of separating or 'parting' (coming apart, transitive or intransitive); the subtypes will be more specific about what is being separated and how. The subtypes distinguish between separating with a cutting device (''CuttingSomething'') and by other means, usually forceful pulling apart (''TearingSomething''). This is more general than either the CYC or SUMO sense, and includes separation of abstract objects, such as dividing an AbstractText into more than one separate document, and separating one part of a group from another.. This includes both transitive and intransitive senses. It also includes partial separations, such as developing a crack (naturally or intentionally). In cases where the 'parting' may seem metaphorical, such as couples parting from each other, there is still a physical separation occurring, so this is used for the general sense, and is a subtype of 'Motion'. This includes intransitive and transitive senses, and applies to a Group of at least two objects. Cyc: A sub-collection of #$PhysicalEvent. In each instance of #$SeparationEvent, an object is cut, penetrated, scraped, broken, cracked or pulverized, so that part of the object is no longer attached to another part where it once was. Note that the part need not be completely separated from the object; it may still be attached in places (and in penetration with a needle,it can be almost completely intact). See the specialization #$Separation-Complete for the case of complete separation. SUMO 'Separating' A Process where a SelfConnectedObject is separated into (some of) its parts. Note that Separating is different from Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not being connected. Note too that Separating is different from Removing in that one or both of the two things which are separated may or may not be moved from the location where they were separated. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'separation' and verb senses 2,4,5,6, and 8 of 'separate' and verb sense 1 of 'split' and verb senses 1 to 5 of 'part'in WordNet: 1. (6) separation - (the act of dividing or disconnecting) WN verb 'separate' 2. (11) separate, disunite, divide, part - (force, take, or pull apart; 'He separated the fighting children'; 'Moses parted the Red Sea') 4. (6) divide, split, split up, separate, dissever, carve up - (separate into parts or portions; 'divide the cake into three equal parts'; 'The British carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I') 6. (3) separate - (divide into components or constituents; 'Separate the wheat from the chaff') WN verb 'part': 3. depart, part, start, start out, set forth, set off, set out, take off - (leave; 'The family took off for Florida') 5. separate, disunite, divide, part - (force, take, or pull apart; 'He separated the fighting children'; 'Moses parted the Red Sea')
Super-classes	Motion^c Event^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Object^c mayCause^op value ComingApart^c
Sub-classes	Dividing^c Snapping^c Unraveling^c Decomposing^c Detaching^c Wilting^c Cleaving^c Isolating^c MovingApart^c CrackingEvent^c DividingSomethingIntoParts^c ShreddingEvent^c ChemicalBondCleavage^c Insulating^c ChippingEvent^c Purifying^c BreachingaBarrier^c SpatialllyPolarizing^c Centrifuging^c TearingSomething^c Sifting^c Disconnecting^c PenetratingSomething^c Distilling^c ComingApart^c Sieving^c Panning^c Filtering^c CuttingSomething^c Parting^c

Separationist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Separationist`
Description	A ''Separationist'' is a ''Proponent'' of some type of 'separation'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'separatist' in WordNet: 1. separatist, separationist - (an advocate of secession or separation from a larger group (such as an established church or a national union))`
Super-classes	Proponent^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op value Seceding^c

Separatist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Separatist

Description

This sense of adjective ''Separatist'' characterizes a Person (s ''Separationist'') who supports the separation of some part of an Organization from the main body.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'separatist' in Wordnet:
          1. breakaway, fissiparous, separatist - (having separated or advocating separation 
            from another entity or policy or attitude; "a breakaway faction")

Super-classes Unorthodox^c

Sepsis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sepsis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sepsis' in WordNet: 1. sepsis - (the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c
Sub-classes	Septicemia^c

September^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#September

Description

The Class of all Months which are September.

    A specialization of #$CalendarMonth.  Each
            instance of #$September is the ninth month of a particular
        year in the #$GregorianCalendar (q.v.).

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'September' in Wordnet:
      1. (18) September, Sep, Sept - (the month following August and preceding October)

Super-classes Month^c

Septicemia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Septicemia

Description

CYC: The collection of conditions which presents as a systemic disease from the presence of #$Pathogenic #$Microorganisms or their toxins in the blood.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'septicemia' in WordNet:
          1. blood poisoning, septicemia, septicaemia - 
              (invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection)

Super-classes Sepsis^c
LifeThreateningCondition^c

Septum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Septum

Description

A specialization of #$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$Septum is a normally occurring thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or mass of tissue in an organism.r

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'septum' in WordNet:
          1. (6) septum - ((anatomy) a dividing partition between two tissues or cavities)

Super-classes SheetlikeBarrier^c
NaturalPartition^c
InternalAnatomicalPart^c

Sepulcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sepulcher`
Description	A ''Sepulcher'' is large for a tomb, with room for more than one Corpse. This is below ground, though it may be a cavity in the side of a hill, therefore above surrounding terrain. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sepulcher' in WordNet: 1. burial chamber, sepulcher, sepulchre, sepulture - (a chamber that is used as a grave)`
Super-classes	Grave^c Chamber^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value GraveSite^c
Sub-classes	BurialVault^c

Sequel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sequel`
Description	A ''Sequel'' is an ''Event'' that follows and may be caused by the outcome (the immediate ''Effect'') of some earlier Event, or may be a preplanned subsequent part of a ''Procedure''. This is broadly applicable to an Event that follow another and has some form of close relationship to the prior Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sequel' in WordNet: 1. sequel, subsequence - (something that follows something else)`
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Prelude^c mayBeCausedBy^op value Effect^c

Sequence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sequence`
Description	A ''Sequence'' is a subtype of ''Series'' in which the individual members of the Series follow immediate after each other with no significant gaps. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'sequence' in WordNet: 1. (13) sequence - (serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern; 'the sequence of names was alphabetical'; 'he invented a technique to determine the sequence of base pairs in DNA')`
Super-classes	Series^c
Sub-classes	ChronologicalSequence^c ComputerInstructionSequence^c BaseSequence^c TelevisonSeries^c SequenceOfStates^c ChemicalSequence^c

SequenceOfStates^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SequenceOfStates`
Description	A ''SequenceOfStates'' is a ''Series'' that is a subtype of ''Sequence'' in which the individual component members are ''PersistentState''s that are ''ChronologicallyOrdered''. The individual states are commonly called 'phases', particularly when in a developmental series. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succession' in WordNet: 1. (3) sequence, chronological sequence, succession, successiveness, chronological succession - (a following of one thing after another in time; "the doctor saw a sequence of patients")`
Super-classes	EventGroup^c OrderedGroup^c Sequence^c EventSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PersistentState^c hasComponentElement^op max 1 hasOrderingRelation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChronologicallyOrdered^c

SequencingaBiopolymer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SequencingaBiopolymer`
Description	''SequencingaBiopolymer'' is any form of ''AnalysingSomething'' in which some ''Bioolymer'') (such as DNA or RNA or Protein) is analyzed to determine the order of monomers for some portion or all of that ''Biopolymer''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sequence' in Wordnet: 2. sequence - (determine the order of constituents in; 'They sequenced the human genome')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Finding-Generic^c AnalyzingSomething^c Ascertaining^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Biopolymer^c
Sub-classes	GeneSequencing^c

SequencingaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SequencingaGroup`
Description	''SequencingaGroup'' is an ''OrderingaGroup'' in which the elements of the Group are arranged in a linear ''Sequence''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sequence' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sequence - (arrange in a sequence)`
Super-classes	OrderingaGroup^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Sequential^c produces^op value Sequence^c

Sequential^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sequential

Description

''Sequential'' is a subtype of 'LinearlyOrdered' applying to things that are not only in some linear sequence, but the members of the group are adjacent to each other in the sequence, without any skipping of elements of the group.

    This has the same basic meaning as ''SequentiallyOrdered'' but 
       is a different type with  different usage.

   Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'sequential' in WordNet:
      WN adjective 'sequential':
          1. (1) consecutive, sequent, sequential, serial, successive - 
             (in regular succession without gaps; 'serial concerts')

Super-classes LinearlyOrdered^c

SequentialLoopExecution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SequentialLoopExecution`
Description	Each ''SequentialLoopExecution'' is a Series of ''InstructionLoopExecution''s that is part of a ''ComputerProgramExecution'' and terminates by completion of the task or by ablrting. `Most closely Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'looping' in WordNet: 1. iteration, looping - ((computer science) executing the same set of instructions a given number of times or until a specified result is obtained; 'the solution is obtained by iteration')`
Super-classes	ComputerInstructionExecution^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some InstructionLoopExecution^c

Sequin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sequin`
Description	CYC: The collection of small, shiny, usually round objects used as decoration on clothing and other items. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sequin' in WordNet: 1. sequin, spangle, diamante - (adornment consisting of a small piece of shiny material used to decorate clothing)`
Super-classes	TinyObject^c ShinyObject^c Adornment^c
Restrictions	isPartOfOrAttachedTo^op value ClothingItem^c isDesignedToAttachTo^op value ClothingItem^c

Serape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Serape`
Description	CYC: The collection of long brightly-colored scarfs, traditionally worn by Mexican women. `?Worn by 'Mexican women' (CYC) or by 'Mexican men' (WN)? WN looks more accurate on this one. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'serape' in WordNet: 1. serape, sarape - (a long brightly colored shawl; worn mainly by Mexican men)`
Super-classes	Shawl^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value MexicanPerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Colorful^c

Serb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Serb`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Serb' in WordNet: 1. Serbian, Serb - (a member of a Slavic people who settled in Serbia and neighboring areas in the 6th and 7th centuries)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Serbia^c

Serbian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Serbian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Serbian' in Wordnet: 1. Serbian - (of or relating to the people or language or culture of the region of Serbia)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Serenity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Serenity`
Description	This ''Serenity'' is an intensive degree of ''Composure'' whose agent is described as being ''Serene''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'serenity' in WordNet: 1. (2) repose, quiet, placidity, serenity, tranquillity, tranquility - (a disposition free from stress or emotion)`
Super-classes	Composure^c Calmness-Feeling^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Composed^c

Sergeant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sergeant`
Description	A ''Sergeant'' is a Person with Rank intermediate between #$Corporal-RankType and #$SergeantFirstClass-Rank in the U.S. Army, and between #$Corporal-RankType and #$StaffSergeant-Rank in the U.S. Marine Corps. A U.S. Army Sergeant may command an instance of either #$Squad-UnitDesignation or #$Platoon-UnitDesignation. `COSMO: this is the Person having a rank of ''Sergeant''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sergeant' in WordNet: 1. (6) sergeant - (any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the army or air force or marines ranking above a corporal)`
Super-classes	NonCommissionedOfficer^c Soldier^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value Squad-Military^c

Series^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Series`
Description	COSMO note: A 'Series' differs from the parent 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' in that the ordering is not arbitrary such as a simple mapping from the natural numbers to elements), and has some rationale; the elements may have a common type, or the ordering may be based on some principle, or due to some process other than a random process (as in people lining up in the order in which they arrived). It can be concrete or abstract. A series will typically have more than one ordered component element, but to allow broader generalization, it may have only one ordered element. The ordering relation will be an instance of'LinearOrderingRelation', which must be specified for instances as the first element.. The CYC relation 'seriesOrderedBy' serves this purpose. In CYC the principle of ordering is an instance of Relation. Cyc: A specialization of #$Group (q.v.). Each instance of #$Series is a complex temporal thing in which two or more other things are ordered in a linear fashion. Examples include a line of people at a ticket booth (an instance of the specialization #$PhysicalSeries) and a series of pitches in a baseball game (an instance of the specialization #$EventSeries). In each instance of #$Series, there is some relation by which its members are ordered (see the related predicate #$seriesOrderedBy); this relation often varies from series to series. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'series' in WordNet: 1. (476) series - (similar things placed in order or happening one after another; 'they were investigating a series of bank robberies')`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	seriesOrderedBy^op value LinearOrderingRelation^c
Sub-classes	Sequence^c MusicalSuite^c EliminationCompetition^c Tournament^c ChainOfThings^c CascadingDown^c EventSeries^c ElementGroup^c Succession^c ElementPeriod^c Stack^c Inventory^c LinearlyOrderedQuartet^c ProductsForSale^c TopicList^c PhysicalSeries^c SeriesWithoutRepetition^c SpatiotemporalRegionSeries^c LinearlyOrderedTrio^c PeriodicalSeries^c LinearlyOrderedPair^c Cascade^c
In domain of	seriesOrderedBy^op seriesOrderedByInverse^op

SeriesOfImages^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeriesOfImages`
Description	A SeriesOfImages is a Group of AbstractImages that represent images in some meaningful sequence - usually in time sequence (as in a movie or dream). The representation of a Dream would be in the brain of the dreamer, but that may fade quickly out of existence. `Also called 'ImageSeries': A Group of two or more 'AbstractImage's that are intended to relate to each other in some way. The most common subtype of 'ImageSeries' is a 'MovieClip' which is a whole 'Movie' or a portion of a Movie. The ImageSeries can be represented in any physical medium, as celluloid or paper (in which cases each image would be a 'StillImage'), or images in a digital memory, CD, DVD, etc.`
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only AbstractImage^c
Sub-classes	MovieClip^c

SeriesWithoutRepetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeriesWithoutRepetition`
Description	A #$SeriesWithoutRepetition is a #$Series in which each member occurs only once.
Super-classes	Series^c
Sub-classes	Vertebrae^c ModusOperandi^c Counting^c ProcessiveAction^c

Serious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Serious`
Description	'Serious' is an attribute of people Corresponds to sense 2 of 'serious' in RHW: 2. of grave or somber disposition, character, or manner: a serious occasion; a serious man. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'serious' and sense 1 of 'serious-minded' in WordNet; in WordNet: WN 'serious' 1. (29) serious - - (concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities; 'a serious student of history'; 'a serious attempt to learn to ski'; 'gave me a serious look'; 'a serious young man'; 'are you serious or joking?'; 'Don't be so serious!') WN 'serious-minded' 1. thoughtful, serious-minded - (acting with or showing thought and good sense; 'a sensible young man')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Somber^c

Sermon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sermon`
Description	The event consisting of a ''Preaching'', usually done by a religious leader in front of the participants in a ''ReligiousEvent'' or more commonly a 'ReligousCeremony''.. `SUMO: A Lecture that is part of a ''ReligiousCeremony''. ReligiousCeremony Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sermon' in WordNet: 1. (4) sermon, discourse, preaching - (an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service))`
Super-classes	Preaching^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value ReligiousCeremony^c hasTopic^op some ReligiousOrMoralBelief^c

Serpentine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Serpentine

Description

     FRomWikipedia:
      The serpentine subgroup (part of the kaolinite-serpentine group) 
      are greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals commonly found 
      in serpentinite rocks. They are used as a source of magnesium and asbestos,
      and as a decorative stone. The name is thought to come from the greenish color
      being that of a serpent.

Super-classes Mineral^c

Servant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Servant`
Description	An employee of an individual or household (not a company) whose duties may be varied or specific (e.g. a gardener). A Servant may be full time with one family, or may serve more than one family, part time for each family. A person who is an employee of a service company, and who is not hired directly by the individual(s) served, is not an instance of this type, even if the kind of work performed is identical to that of a domestic servant. NOTE that 'Maid' and 'Servant' are subtypes of 'ServicePosition' and SUMO classifies 'ServicePosition as a 'SkilledOccupation', whereas Cyc and COSMO include certain service positions such as 'Maid' as 'UnskilledWorkers'. The 'Servant' part of the hierarchy is closer to Cyc than to SUMO. A Servant may be skilled, but is not necessarily so; the defining criterion is employment for domestic tasks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'servant' in WordNet: 1. (9) servant, retainer - - (a person working in the service of another (especially in the household))
Super-classes	Employee^c ServicePosition^c BlueCollarWorker^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op some Residence^c
Sub-classes	Manservant^c DomesticHelp^c

ServiceEstablishment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceEstablishment`
Description	This is the PhysicalObject that is one local business serving customers who walk in (with or without an appointment), whose primary producr sols is a ''Service'' performed at that location rather than PhysicalObjects that are taken away from the location. The 'dervice'can include providing things such as foodor drink that are consumed at that location. `This differs from CYC in not being the organization but the actual physical location. CYC: A specialization of both #$CommercialServiceOrganization and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients. Each instance of #$ServiceEstablishment is a local, commercial service organization with a single physical location. Notable specializations of #$ServiceEstablishment include #$Restaurant-Organization and #$ShoeRepairShop.`
Super-classes	RetailStore^c
Sub-classes	RestaurantSpace^c Pizzeria^c Boutique^c DrugStore^c BeautyParlor^c Barroom^c Laundromat^c

ServiceEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceEvent`
Description	An Event (or series of events considered as one) in which one person performs work for the benefit of another agent. This is the broadest sense of 'serve' in COSMO. NOTE: each ''ServiceEvent'' has some 'Monetary Value' which is an instance of ''MoneyMeasure' (quantity of some monetary unit), whether or not a 'Fee'' is actually charged.. This will usually be instantiated by some ''Fee'' (which has subtypes such as ''TaxiFare'') for the service. Whether and how the ''Fee'' is payed (by a ''PaymentEvent'') is not required to be represented for each instance of ''ServiceEvent''. If the ''Fee'' is not known for some instance that one wants to represent the value can be estimate as (hours times pay perhour) or just by the value of '-1' which represents 'unknown' in this context. A gratis service can be represented by a '0 dollars' fee, or by an estimate of it actual worth, even though no payment is demanded.. Cyc A specialization of #$HelpingAnAgent. Each instance of #$ServiceEvent is an event in which one or more agents (related to the event via the predicate #$providerOfService) do something for one or more other agents (related to the event via the predicate #$recipientOfService). A service event may involve maintenance, repair, or refurbishing of some object belonging to the recipient(s) of the service (including care of his/her person), or it may involve gathering or transmitting information, providing advice, entertainment, transportation, etc. to the recipient(s). Service events may or may not be done for payment. Those done for payment are instances of #$ServiceProduct. COSMO note: a ServiceEvent may be performed by a person for that person's own benefit, but actions categorized as 'services' are usually done for a different person. @ToDo: this may change - at present it allows 'Providing' ('furnishing') to be subcategorized as a ServiceEvent. Also, a ServiceEvent may represent an extended period of time, as suggested in the WOrdNet sense 7 of 'serve' (to serve the country); but it can be a brief event, as when a waiter serves people in a restaurant (this 'serve' is a separate sense in WordNet). COSMO IMPORTANT NOTE: Some things called 'services' are actually rights. For example, when one buys internet access, one is buying the right to use the IP's computers and communications lines - even if they are never used. Such a purchase of rights may be called a service, but only the actual service event - in this case, the event of using an internet connection - is classified here as a 'service'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'service' and includes sense 7 of 'serve' in WordNet: WN 'service': 1. (598) service - (work done by one person or group that benefits another; 'budget separately for goods and services') 4. (194) service - (an act of help or assistance; 'he did them a service') WN verb 'serve': 7. (19) serve - - (devote (part of) one's life or efforts to, as of countries, institutions, or ideas; 'She served the art of music'; 'He served the church'; 'serve the country')
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c ValuableThing^c Action^c Artifact-Generic^c
Restrictions	hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyType^c
Sub-classes	ElementaryEducation^c Prostitution^c Educating^c ProfessionalServicing^c RepresentingAnAgent^c WebServiceEvent^c Trial^c InsuringSomething^c Teaching^c Reporting^c Tutoring^c TransportationServiceEvent^c Mediating^c Providing^c FittingClothing^c Outreach^c Acupuncture^c ServingaCauseOrCountry^c TakingCareOfaChild^c Euthanasia^c EntertainmentPerformance^c BroadcastProgram^c Renting^c FullFacial^c GovernmentalService^c Brokering^c

ServiceEventType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceEventType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of 'ServiceEvent' as one of their arguments.
Super-classes	ValuableThingType^c IntelligentActionType^c
Sub-classes	MedicalTreatmentType^c
Members	RepresentingaPerformer ReportingToaManager Vaccinating FreeRide Socializing-Adapting TakingCareOfaChild AttemptedTherapeuticProcess HealthCareEvent RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger BroadcastProgram Renting FittingSomething VeterinaryCareEvent MedicalTest AcceptingPayments GovernmentalService RepresentingaConstituency CarryingPassengers Shipping ElementaryEducation MedicalDiagnosis Educating CarryingLuggage ProfessionalServicing RentingOutProperty BookingaGig Rehabilitation ServingFoodOrDrink MilitaryService NursingEvent AdoptingaFamilyMember WebServiceEvent CarryingFreight ServingaCauseOrCountry HospiceCare RepresentingaGroup Massaging RepresentingaSchool InsuringSomething BabySitting EntertainmentPerformance Teaching Rerun RepresentingAnAgent Reporting Navigation ServiceEvent Tutoring TelevisionProgram ArbitratingaCase TransportationServiceEvent Mediating Providing FittingClothing ReportingNews RidingAsAPassenger MedicalProcedure CommercialCatering RepresentingaUnion

ServiceFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceFacility`
Description	A 'ServiceFacility' is a Facility that has some kind of equipment or buildings that performs some service, as opposed to a manufacturing facility. `'Stations' that are transportation stopping points such as 'train station' or 'bus station' would not be subtypes - See 'TransportFacility' and its subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'station' in WordNet: 1. (23) station - (a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose; 'he started looking for a gas station'; 'the train pulled into the station')`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c GeographicalThing^c
Sub-classes	RepairFacility^c ServiceStation^c

ServiceFrequency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceFrequency`
Description	Each instance of 'FrequencyAttributeValue' is a 'FrequencyAttributeValue'for which the Event is a ServiceEvent. This inherits the required restrictions on 'hasFrequency' and 'hasEventType' to specify the Event and frequency that provide the meaning to this AttributeValue.
Super-classes	FrequencyAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasEventType^op some ServiceEventType^c
Sub-classes	PassengerCarryingFrequency^c

ServiceOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$ServiceOrganization is an organization whose main function is to provide some service or services (as opposed, e.g., to mainly selling goods or manufacturing products). A service organization might or might not be a subsidiary or department in some larger organization; it might or might not be a for-profit organization (for-profit service organizations are instances of the subcollection #$CommercialServiceOrganization). Notable specializations of #$ServiceOrganization include #$MedicalCareOrganization, #$ShippingOrganization, and #$Restaurant-Organization.
Super-classes	Organization^c
Sub-classes	TransportationOrganization^c Library-Organization^c MedicalCareOrganization^c TransportationCompany^c InsuranceProvider^c CommercialServiceOrganization^c FireDepartment^c

ServicePosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServicePosition`
Description	Any Position which involves working in some job other than manufacturing or construction or as a ''ProfessionalPerson''), e.g. as a waiter or servant, desk worker, ''DeliveryPerson'', private eye, either for an Organization (e.g. a restaurant) or for a private person or family. `For 'Professionsl' workers (doctor, lawyer, government official, etc) see ''ProfessionalPerson'' and its subtypes.`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c
Sub-classes	RagMan^c DeliveryPerson^c Servant^c DoorMan^c GarbageCollector^c

ServiceProvider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceProvider`
Description	A 'ServiceProvider' is an Agent (individual or Organization) that provides some service to another Agent, whether or not in return for payment. In some cases, the service provided may be pursuant to a contractual agreement (explicit or implied), in which case the ServiceProvider would also be a 'PartyToAnAgreement', but for generality and to include less formal cases, this type is a direct subclass of the more general 'PartyInRole'. `Common ServiceProviders would include health service providers (doctors, nurses, etc.), common carriers (airlines, train lines, buse lines), or local contractors for domestic services (electricians, plumbers, gardeners), volunteers in charitable or social organizations, or even individual providing a service pro bono, as well as many other types.`
Super-classes	PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	CommonCarrier^c PrivateInvestigator^c BarTender^c CommercialServiceProvider^c Contractor^c Recruiter^c
Members	Caterer

ServiceStation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceStation`
Description	This is a generic 'ServiceStation', a retail establishment that performs some form of 'service' on-site. This can be sused for a facility that services or repairs autoibiles or other motor vehicles. . The 'service station' that sells gasoline (whether or not it also repairs automobiles) is represented by subtype ''GasolineStation'' `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'service station' in WordNet: 1. service station - (a station where service is provided)`
Super-classes	PlaceOfBusiness^c RetailStore^c CommercialFacility^c ServiceFacility^c
Sub-classes	VehicleRepairFacility^c GasolineStation^c

ServiceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServiceType`
Description	Each instance of 'ServiceType' is a type that represents a service that some perosn performs for another, often for pay. A Service does not have to be performed for pay every time, but must be performed for pay in some cases.
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	FullFacial

ServicingaFemaleAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServicingaFemaleAnimal`
Description	''ServicingaFemaleAnimal'' is a perfomred by a ''MaleAnimal'' as part of a ''Breeding'' operation. This is not for mating of wild animals. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'service' in WordNet: 3. serve, service - (mate with; 'male animals serve the females for breeding purposes')`
Super-classes	SexualCopulation^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Breeding^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some MaleAnimal^c

Servile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Servile`
Description	''Servile'' is a subtype of ''Insincere'' for ''Person''s or their ''Actions'' that are intended to make the Person addressed to feel favorably toward the person doing the Action, by demonsstrating a willingess to do what the Person addressed wants done. `Includes adjective sense 1 of 'servile' and sense 1 of 'submissive' in Wordnet: 1. servile - (submissive or fawning in attitude or behavior; 'spoke in a servile tone'; 'the incurably servile housekeeper'; 'servile tasks such as floor scrubbing and barn work') WN adjective 'submissive': 1. (4) submissive - (inclined or willing to submit to orders or wishes of others or showing such inclination; 'submissive servants'; 'a submissive reply'; 'replacing troublemakers with more submissive people')`
Super-classes	Insincere^c
Sub-classes	Slavish^c

ServingFoodOrDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServingFoodOrDrink`
Description	An Action in which one Agent (usually a Person) brings food or drink to some animal so that the animal can eat or drink it. This may be done for humans or beasts, for pay, as at a restaurant, or without pay, as at a family dinner, or at a party. The direct nursing or feeding of infants as with bottles or nursing is not included in this type, which should be used only for cases where the animal is old enough to grasp and eat or drink the food by its own actions. NOTE: this includes serving drinks, even if that is the only 'serving' function that a Person provides, as in the subtype ''TendingBar''. NOTE2: This is not for a ''Caterer'' who performs ''CommercialCatering' that includes the act of bringing the food to the location where it is served, even though the food may be set out by the caterer. NOTE: the CYC parent 'CarryingWhileLocomoting' seems to require that the 'serving' involve walking from place to place,but this type has ''TendingBar' as a subtype, and that does not absolutely require walking, just moving drinks around the bar. CYC: A specialization of both #$GivingSomething and #$ServiceEvent. Each instance of #$ServingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an item of food or drink is served. Each such event involves the server picking up the food or drink from a preparation or pickup area, carrying it (cf. the scene #$CarryingWhileLocomoting) and ends when the food or drink is deposited at a location where those being served may eat or drink it (cf. the scene #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere). Such events are typically part of the job of any restaurant server who waits on tables (cf. #$WaitPerson), and they may also be performed by a host or servant at a dinner party or banquet, or by a family member at a home meal. Note that events in which a serving of food is placed from a common dish onto a diner's plate are not instances of #$ServingFoodOrDrink. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'ply' in WordNet: 1. (1) provide, supply, ply, cater - (provide what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance; 'The hostess provided lunch for all the guests')
Super-classes	TransferOfControl^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c Providing^c FeedingAnOrganism^c
Sub-classes	TendingBar^c WaitingOnTables^c

ServingSpoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServingSpoon`
Description	A ''ServingSpoon'' is a ''ServingUtensil'' that is a large spoon, or shaped like a large ''Spoon''.
Super-classes	ServingUtensil^c Spoon^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ServingFoodOrDrink^c
Sub-classes	Ladle^c

ServingUtensil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServingUtensil`
Description	A ''ServingUtensil'' is a ''FoodUtensil'' used to serve food - to place food on a plate or in a bowl, rather than to directly eat the food. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'server' in WordNet: 4. server - (utensil used in serving food or drink)`
Super-classes	FoodUtensil^c Tableware^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ServingFoodOrDrink^c
Sub-classes	ServingSpoon^c

ServingVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServingVessel`
Description	Containers that hold food for serving - typically used in Western family-style meals, they hold several servings of a food and are usually placed on the table during the meal. `NOTE: these can be flat like a plate or dish, or bowl-shaped.`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c FoodVessel^c
Sub-classes	Flatware^c Carafe^c Platter^c Bowl-Serving^c IceBucket^c

ServingaCauseOrCountry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServingaCauseOrCountry`
Description	''ServingaCauseOrCountry'' is a ''PublicService'' that may be done for pay, but has its main motivation in helping other people. This can be done by individuals, groups of people, or Organizations or Institutions. This includes paid work for the military or a ''CharitableOrganization'' as well as unpaid volunteer work. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public service' in WordNet: 1. community service, public service - (a service that is performed for the benefit of the public or its institutions) 7. (19) serve - (devote (part of) one's life or efforts to, as of countries, institutions, or ideas; 'She served the art of music'; 'He served the church'; 'serve the country')`
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op only (ThePublic^c or Cause^c or Institution^c or Organization^c or Country^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	MilitaryService^c

ServingaLegalDocument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServingaLegalDocument`
Description	''ServingaLegalDocument'' is the act of ''Delivering'' a Legal document of some kind. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'serve' in WordNet: 11. (3) serve, process, swear out - (deliver a warrant or summons to someone; 'He was processed by the sheriff')`
Super-classes	Delivering^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Court-Judicial^c hadTransportedObject^op value LegalDocument^c
Sub-classes	ServingaSubpoena^c

ServingaSubpoena^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ServingaSubpoena`
Description	''ServingaSubpoena'' is a ''Summoning'' performed by a Court to require a Person to appear, and in some cases, to bring specified document(s) (a 'subpoena duces tecum'). This type includes both the 'issuing' or production of the subpoena, as well as the delivery to the subpoenaed Person. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subpoena' in WordNet: 1. (1) subpoena - (serve or summon with a subpoena; 'The witness and her records were subpoenaed')`
Super-classes	ServingaLegalDocument^c Summoning^c
Restrictions	hadTransportedObject^op value Subpoena^c

Servitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Servitude`
Description	''Servitude'' can be temporary, such as the work done in a prison, or by those under some term of service, or can be permanent (unless ended by some event), as in the state of ''Slavery''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subjugation' in WordNet: 1. (1) subjugation, subjection - (forced submission to control by others)`
Super-classes	Subjugation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forced^c
Sub-classes	Slavery^c

Sesame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sesame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sesame' in WordNet: 1. sesame, benne, benni, benny, Sesamum indicum - (East Indian annual erect herb; source of sesame seed or benniseed and sesame oil)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Sesame^c

SesameSeeds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SesameSeeds`
Description	This is a Food substance consisting of multiple seeds of the ''Sesame'' plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sesame seed' in WordNet: 1. sesame seed, benniseed - (small oval seeds of the sesame plant)`
Super-classes	Seasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Sesame^c

Sessile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sessile

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sessile' in Wordnet:
        1. sessile, attached - (permanently attached to a substrate; 
            not free to move about; 'an attached oyster'; 'sessile marine animals and plants')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Session^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Session`
Description	A ''Session'' is a subtype of a ''PeriodicEvent' during which people gather regularly for any of various purposes at intervals of fixed or variable time. Examples are school sessions or organization meetings. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'session' in WordNet: 1. (13) session - (a meeting for execution of a group's functions; 'it was the opening session of the legislature')`
Super-classes	PeriodicEvent^c Meeting^c Event-Organized^c SocialGathering^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	SchoolSession^c ClassSession^c

Set^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Set

Description

''Set'' is the attribute of a Device that has been adjusted by a ''SettingaDeviceState'' Action.

        Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 6 of 'set' in Wordnet:
          6. determined, dictated, set - (determined or decided upon as by an authority; 
             'date and place are already determined'; 'the dictated terms of surrender'; 
             'the time set for the launching')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SetMathematical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SetMathematical`
Description	COSMO: a mathematical 'set', the subject of Set Theory. This is not a COSMO 'Group', as Sets have different characteristics from COSMO Groups. Among other things, there is no Group with zero members in it, whereas the empty set {} is a subset of every SetMathematical. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'set' in WordNet: 2. (15) set - ((mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols; 'the set of prime numbers is infinite')`
Super-classes	SetOrType^c
Sub-classes	UnionOfSets^c Subset^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EmptySet

SetOfObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SetOfObjects`
Description	A 'SetOfObjects' is a GroupOfObjects that are used together for some function, and have some natural or conventional grouping rule so that a 'complete' set can be distinguished from a set that is incomplete. A deck of cards is one example, or a set of books of a particular type, such as Shakespeare's works. ' a full set of teeth'. A SetOfObjects may or may not be complete, so one can refer to a SetOfObjects that is missing some pieces that would be expected in a complete set. For example, a set of US coins may not include examples of every coin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'set' in WordNet: 1. (24) set - (a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used; a set of books; a set of golf clubs; a set of teeth)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Sub-classes	PackOfThings^c DeviceGroup^c StageOrSet^c SetOfTeeth^c DeckOfCards^c Game-EquipmentSet^c

SetOfSlides^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SetOfSlides`
Description	A ''SetOfSlides'' is a LinearlyOrdered related Group of ''LanternSlide''s that are organized to be used in a ''Presentation' (formal or informal).
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c VisualAid^c LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Presentation^c hasComponentElement^op min 2

SetOfSpokes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SetOfSpokes`
Description	Each ''SetOfSpokes'' is the Group of ''Spoke''s on a single ''Wheel''.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op value WheelRim^c isConnectedToDirectly^op value Hub^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Wheel^c

SetOfTeeth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SetOfTeeth`
Description	Each 'SetOfTeeth' is the full set of teeth that some Animal has in its head, at any given time. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teeth' in WordNet: 1. (1) dentition, teeth - (the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal)`
Super-classes	SetOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Tooth^c

SetOrClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SetOrClass`
Super-classes	SetOrType^c

SetOrType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SetOrType`
Description	COSMO: SetOrType is the union of mathematical Sets and intentionally defined Types; 'Type' has a number of synonyms used in different ontologies - in OWL, it is an owl:Class. The 'equivalentClass' definition of this type includes several of these terms. As of rev923 these collections of things have not been axiomatized. `Other labels: SetOrCollection[Cyc] SetOrClass[SUMO]` 'Type' in COSMO is used to refer to those intensionally-defined groupings called: Class in Ontolingua and Protege; Class in RDF and OWL; Class in SUMO; Collection in OpenCyc; Universal in DOLCE; Property in Ontology Works' IODE system `* The Class 'Type' in COSMO is intended to be equivalent to the classes by those names in those other ontologies. * (isaSubtypeOf A B) means that Type A is a subtype of Type B and that all instance of Type A are also instances of Type B.`
Super-classes	AbstractObject^c
Sub-classes	SetOrClass^c Sort^c SetMathematical^c

Setback^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Setback`
Description	''Setback'' includes all Events that hinder or stop an ongoing ''PlannedAction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'setback' in WordNet: 1. (3) reverse, reversal, setback, blow, black eye - (an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating)`
Super-classes	BadLuckEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value StoppingEvent^c hinders^op value PlannedAction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c
Sub-classes	Debacle^c

Setting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Setting

Description

A ''Setting'' is an ''Environment-Generic'', a ''Place'' that includes the type of area and the Objects in that Place, providing a ''Context'' that imparts some properties to the things that occur there or induces certain Feelings.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'setting' in WordNet:
           1. (7) setting, scene - (the context and environment in which something is set; 
             'the perfect setting for a ghost story')

Super-classes Context^c
Environment-Generic^c

SettingSomethingDown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SettingSomethingDown

Description

'SettingSomethingDown' is a 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere' in which something is 'put' into some position or situation. This can be more abstract than moving ''PhysicalObject''s but includes PhysicalObjects as the subtype ''PuttingSomethingDown''

        'laying' something down horizontally is the subtype ''LayingSomethingHorizontally''.

      Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'set', sense 1 of 'put' and sense 1
          of 'place' in WordNet (setting a PhysicalObject
          down):
      in WordNet:
        1. (30) put, set, place, pose, position, lay -
           (put into a certain place or abstract location; 'Put your things here';
           'Set the tray down'; 'Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children';
           'Place emphasis on a certain point')

Super-classes PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c

SettingSomethingOnFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SettingSomethingOnFire`
Description	The Action in which a Person intentionally causes something combustible to start to burn. This is very broad, and can be used for bonfires, arson, burning candles, burning incense, anything. This is for the transitive senses of 'burn' - to cause to combust. NOTE that For the intransitive sense of something beginning to burn use ''Ignition'' For the intransitive sense of something burning, use 'Combustion'. Includes verb senses 1, 5, and 7 of 'burn' in WordNet: 1. (11) burn, fire, burn down - (destroy by fire; 'They burned the house and his diaries') 5. (2) burn, combust - (cause to burn or combust; 'The sun burned off the fog'; 'We combust coal and other fossil fuels') 7. (2) burn, incinerate - (cause to undergo combustion; 'burn garbage'; 'The car burns only Diesel oil') WN noun 'ignition': 3. ignition, firing, lighting, kindling, inflammation - (the act of setting something on fire) WN verb 'kindle: 2. kindle, enkindle, conflagrate, inflame - (cause to start burning; 'The setting sun kindled the sky with oranges and reds') WN verb 'ignite': 1. (2) ignite, light - (cause to start burning; subject to fire or great heat; 'Great heat can ignite almost any dry matter'; 'Light a cigarette')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Combustion^c
Sub-classes	BurningFuel^c BurningIncense^c Arson^c

SettingaDeviceState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SettingaDeviceState`
Description	''SettingaDeviceState'' is any of a broad variety of ''Modification' Actions in which some ''Device'' that can have different 'states' of functionality is modified to be in some one of those possible states. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'set' in WordNet: 8. (5) set - (set to a certain position or cause to operate correctly; 'set clocks or instruments')`
Super-classes	Modification^c RegulatingaValue^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Set^c
Sub-classes	SynchronizingaTimepiece^c ResettingaDevice^c

Settled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Settled`
Description	''Settled'' is an attribute of geographical areas that have some living people. This is not just having people,but having people with permanent residences who have recently come from some other place. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'settled' ''colonized'' is a different type) in Wordnet: 3. (1) colonized, colonised, settled - (inhabited by colonists)`
Super-classes	Populated^c
Sub-classes	Populous^c

Settler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Settler`
Description	`NOTE: 'colonist' has been broken out of the WN synset as subtype ''Colonist''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'settler' in WordNet: 1. (10) settler, colonist - (a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country)`
Super-classes	Migrant^c
Restrictions	residesIn^op value EarlySettlement^c
Sub-classes	Colonist^c

SettlingInaPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SettlingInaPosition`
Description	A 'SettlingInaPosition' is a 'HaltingEvent' in which some Object or Objects in motion come to rest under gravitational force on some surface. This is for motion of inanimate objects that were moving under the influence of gravity. Examples are the settling of dust on a table, the settling of suspended particles in a liquid, the coming to rest of some rolling object on a surface (e.g. a golf ball on a green, a billiard ball on a billiard table. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'settle' in WordNet: 1. (17) settle, settle down - - (settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground; 'dust settled on the roofs')`
Super-classes	HaltingEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some MotionDownward^c
Sub-classes	Roosting^c

SettlingaDispute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SettlingaDispute`
Description	Each 'SettlingaDispute' is an 'EndingOfAnEvent' in which some ''DisagreementEvent'' (which may be a ''DisputeEvent'') comes to an end; the ending may be caused by the parties coming to an agreement, or by some external agent, such as a judge deciding a legal case or arbitrator deciding an issue - or it can be ended by some force applied by or to the disputing parties. NOTE: 'reconciliation' might be broken out as a subtype?? Includes to verb senses 3, and 5 of 'settle' in WordNet: 3. (8) settle, square off, square up, determine - - (settle conclusively; come to terms; 'We finally settled the argument') 5. (5) reconcile, patch up, make up, conciliate, settle - (come to terms; 'After some discussion we finally made up') WN noun 'settlement': 5. (1) settlement, resolution, closure - (something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making; 'the finally reached a settlement with the union'; 'they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences'; 'he needed to grieve before he could achieve a sense of closure') WN noun 'reconciliation': 1. reconciliation, rapprochement - (the reestablishing of cordial relations)
Super-classes	EndingOfAnEvent^c AgreeingEvent^c ResolvingAnIssue^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value DisagreementEvent^c finishes^op some DisputeEvent^c terminatesState^op value DisagreementEvent^c

SettlingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SettlingaPlace`
Description	''SettlingaPlace'' is the Action of a ''Settler'' who leaves a former residence and makes a new residence in a location that is far from the previous home and is sparsely inhabited or uninhabited, without a formal national government. `Includes verb senses 4, 9, and 21 of 'settle' in WordNet: 4. (7) settle, locate - (take up residence and become established; 'The immigrants settled in the Midwest') 9. (2) settle - (establish or develop as a residence; 'He settled the farm 200 years ago'; 'This land was settled by Germans') 21. settle - (form a community; 'The Swedes settled in Minnesota')`
Super-classes	ChangeOfResidence^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Settler^c

Setup^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Setup

Description

A ''Setup'' is a 'Manner' in which something is used, or Actions are performed, including the way that Devices are aranged to perfore their function(s), especially in some specific location or organization, where that may differ from other locations. This is broadly interpeted, and represented as an ''AttributeType''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'setup' in WordNet:
           2. (1) setup - (the way something is organized or arranged; 
             'it takes time to learn the setup around here')

Super-classes Manner^c

Seven-Year^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seven-Year`
Description	''Seven-Year'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue charaterizing Actions that took or are expected to take ''SevenYears'', or to a ''TmeInterval'' that lasts ''SevenYears''.
Super-classes	LastingForSomeTime^c

Seven-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Seven-Year-Old`
Description	''Seven-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are seven years old, i.e. were created or born seven years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SevenYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SevenYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SevenYears^c

SeventhInningStretch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventhInningStretch`
Description	''SeventhInningStretch'' is an ''Intermission'' in the middle of the Seventh Inning of a BaseballGame, lasting several minutes. No WN sense. RHW 'seventh-inning stretch' 1. Baseball. a point in the game when spectators rise from their seats to relax by stretching their legs, usually after six and one-half innings.
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c Intermission^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value BaseballGame^c

Severe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Severe`
Description	'Severe' is an AttributeValue that includes being 'Intense' or 'Extreme' as well as being 'VeryBad'. `Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 6 of 'severe' in WordNet: 1. (8) severe, terrible, wicked - - (intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality; 'severe pain'; 'a severe case of flu'; 'a terrible cough'; 'under wicked fire from the enemy's guns'; 'a wicked cough') 6. severe - (very bad in degree or extent; 'a severe worldwide depression'; 'the house suffered severe damage')`
Super-classes	VeryBad^c Intense^c
Sub-classes	Harsh^c

Severely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Severely

Description

''Severely'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues (especially perfective verb forms) to create more intensive QualitativeAttributeValues (e.g. 'severely injured', 'seriously deficient'),

          Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'seriously' in WordNet:
            2. (2) badly, severely, gravely, seriously - (to a severe or serious degree;
             'fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated'; 'badly injured'; 
             'a severely impaired heart'; 'is gravely ill'; 'was seriously ill')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Severing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Severing`
Description	''Severing'' is an Action in which some 'piece' of an object is removed from the whole by a ''CuttingSomething'' Action. This is usually used for the cutting off of some non-arbitrary part that protrudes (a hand, a foot, an ear, a tree limb) but can be an arbitrary part. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sever' in WordNet: 2. (3) discerp, sever, lop - (cut off from a whole; 'His head was severed from his body'; 'The soul discerped from the body')`
Super-classes	CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PieceOfAnObject^c

Severity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Severity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'severity' in WordNet: 1. (2) badness, severity, severeness - (used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather)`
Super-classes	Quality^c RelativeState^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Severe^c

Sewage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sewage

Description

''Sewage'' is ''Waste'' consisting mostly of Water, usually disposed of by transport through a ''Sewer''. May have solid components as well as dissolved substances. The ''ParticulateMatter'' contained can be collected by ''SewageTreatment'' to produce 'Biosolids'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sewage' in WordNet:
       1. (19) sewage, sewerage - (waste matter carried away in sewers or drains)
     WN noun 'sewer water':
       1. effluent, wastewater, sewer water - (water mixed with waste matter)

Super-classes LiquidSuspension^c
WasteWater^c

SewageTreatment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SewageTreatment`
Description	''SewageTreatment'' is a ''TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay'' in which the 'something' is ''Sewage''. `No WN sense for this concept.`
Super-classes	TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Biosolids^c hadThingAffected^op value Sewage^c

Sewer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sewer`
Description	A ''Sewer'' is a ''FluidConduit'' that is often a ''DrainPipe'' but in undeveloped communities may be open to the air, that drains sewage to a processing plant or to any other outfall (sometimes directly into a river). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sewer' in WordNet: 1. (4) sewer, sewerage, cloaca - (a waste pipe that carries away sewage or surface water)`
Super-classes	Drain^c
Restrictions	isNormallyLocatedAt^op value UndergroundLocation^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Sewage^c

Sewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sewing`
Description	The action of stitching pieces of Fabric together by hand or by machine. This is for a single Event of sewing two things together, as it is a subtype of 'Attaching'. The act of making an object by sewing is not included in this type; see 'MakingSomethingBySewing' `SUMO: Attaching two pieces of Fabric or one part of a piece of Fabric to another part by means of needle and thread. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sew' and sense 1 of 'stitch' in WordNet: 1. (5) sew, run up, sew together, stitch - - (fasten by sewing; do needlework)`
Super-classes	FashioningSomething^c SingleDoerAction^c Assembling^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c Attaching^c
Sub-classes	SewingByHand^c Hemming^c NeedleCraft^c

SewingByHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SewingByHand`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$Sewing that are done strictly by hand. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sew' and sense 1 of 'stitch' in WordNet: 1. (5) sew, run up, sew together, stitch - (fasten by sewing; do needlework)`
Super-classes	Sewing^c UsingTheHand^c
Sub-classes	StitchingAWound^c Darning^c

SewingMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SewingMachine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sewing machine' in WordNet: 1. sewing machine - (a textile machine used as a home appliance for sewing)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	uses^op value SewingNeedle^c

SewingNeedle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SewingNeedle`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Needles used in instances of #$Sewing, including instances of #$SewingByHand and #$SewingWithASewingMachine. `@ToDo: is FasteningObject appropriate? COSMO note: the relation 'isUsedBy (SewingMachine)" should be applied to the subtype of sewing machine needles [not yet (r881) in COSMO]. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sewing needle' in WordNet: 1. sewing needle - (a needle used in sewing to pull thread through cloth)`
Super-classes	FasteningTool^c Needle^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Sewing^c

Sewn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sewn

Description

'Sewn'' is an atribute not only of ClothingItems, but of any kind of ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that can be penetrated with a needle, including animal skin.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sewn' in Wordnet:
           1. sewed, sewn, stitched - (fastened with stitches)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Sex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sex`
Description	Attribute Values that indicate the sex of an Organism. As of rev 599, only MaleSex and FemaleSex. `There are two senses of 'sex' in WN that seem applicable to the binary distinction. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 4 of 'sex' and sense 2 of 'gender' in WordNet: 2. (7) sex - - (either of the two categories (male or female) into which most organisms are divided; 'the war between the sexes') WN 'gender': 2. sex, gender, sexuality - (the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles; 'she didn't want to know the sex of the foetus')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FemaleSex http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaleSex

SexAttribute^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexAttribute

Description

Attributes that indicate the sex of an Organism.

NOTE that 'SexAttribute' is the AttributeType, and the values
of that AttributeType are instances or subtypes of 'Sex'.
This duplicates ''Gender'' at @mod55

See ''Sex'',  instances ''MaleSex'', ''FemaleSex''
    ''Gender'' (duplicating 'Sex'')Attr values ''Male'' and ''Female''

   ''hasGender'' handles all of these.

Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sex' in WordNet:
  2. (7) sex - (either of the two categories 
    (male or female) into which most organisms are divided; 'the war between the sexes')

Super-classes BiologicalAttributeValue^c

SexOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexOrgan`
Description	Instances of #$SexOrgan are body parts of animals which have an important function in sexual reproduction. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sex organ' in WordNet: 1. reproductive organ, sex organ - (any organ involved in sexual reproduction)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c Organ^c
Sub-classes	Gonad^c Uterus^c FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan^c Vagina^c ExternalSexOrgan^c

SexWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexWorker`
Description	A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$SexWorker is a person whose job involves either engaging in sexual acts with others, or sexually stimulating others (without necessarily engaging in sexual acts with them). Notable specializations of #$SexWorker include #$Prostitute, #$Stripper, and #$PornStar.
Super-classes	Entertainer^c EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional^c
Restrictions	sells^op value SexualBehavior^c
Sub-classes	Stripper^c Prostitute^c

Sexism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sexism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexism' in WordNet: 1. sexism - (discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of the opposite sex)`
Super-classes	Bias^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op value Sexist^c

Sexist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sexist`
Description	This is for a male sexist with ow opinions of Women. Female sexist?? 'feminist' has a different meaning. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexist' in WordNet: 1. male chauvinist, sexist - (a man with a chauvinistic belief in the inferiority of women)`
Super-classes	Bigot^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Sexism^c

Sexistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sexistic`
Description	This is for men who are sexist toward women. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sexist' in Wordnet: 1. sexist - (discriminatory on the basis of sex (usually said of men's attitude toward women))`
Super-classes	Bigoted^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Sexism^c

Sextant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sextant`
Description	CYC: A navigation tool to measure the angular distance between distant objects. " In marine navigation, when a navigator measures the altitude of a celestial body with a marine sextant he has to measure the altitude as an angle of the body above the visible horizon. The altitude thus obtained has to be corrected for instrument and other errors before calculations can be made. " RHW: 1. an astronomical instrument used to determine latitude and longitude at sea by measuring angular distances, esp. the altitudes of sun, moon, and stars. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sextant' in WordNet: 2. sextant - (a measuring instrument for measuring the angular distance between celestial objects; resembles an octant)
Super-classes	NavigationDevice^c MeasuringDevice^c InformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value PlaneAngleMeasure^c isUsedToMeasure^op value Latitude^c isUsedToMeasure^op value Longitude^c hasPhysicalPart^op value EyeHole^c

Sexual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sexual

Description

'Sexual' is the attribute of anything that has a close relation to 'SexualBehavior' or sex organs.

   Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'sexual' in WordNet:
    1. (16) sexual - - (of or relating to or characterized by sexuality;
        'sexual orientation'; 'sexual distinctions')
2. (1) sexual - - (having or involving sex; 'sexual reproduction'; 'sexual spores')
    3. intimate, sexual - - (involved in a sexual relationship; 
        'the intimate (or sexual) relations between husband and wife';
        'she had been intimate with many men')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SexualAbuse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualAbuse`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual abuse' in WordNet: 1. sexual assault, sexual abuse, sex crime, sex offense - (a statutory offense that provides that it is a crime to knowingly cause another person to engage in an unwanted sexual act by force or threat; 'most states have replaced the common law definition of rape with statutes defining sexual assault') WN verb 'molest': 1. (2) molest - (harass or assault sexually; make indecent advances to)`
Super-classes	Crime^c MistreatingaPerson^c HostileSocialAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Abuser^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repeated^c
Sub-classes	Rape^c

SexualAffair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualAffair`
Description	A ''SexualAffair'' is a ''SexualRelationship'' that is kept secret by the parties participating for any reason - because one is married, or because one or both are in a situation where public knowledge of the relationship would be embarrassing. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'affair' in WordNet: 2. (5) affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, involvement, amour - (a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship)`
Super-classes	SexualRelationship^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Secret^c hasSubEvent^op value SexualCopulation^c
Sub-classes	ExtramaritalAffair^c

SexualArousal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualArousal`
Description	The state of SexualArousal; sexual stirrings or physical readiness for sexual activity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual arousal' in WordNet: 1. (1) sexual arousal - (the arousal of sexual desires in preparation for sexual behavior)`
Super-classes	Feeling^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value HumanSexualIntercourse^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Randy^c mayCause^op value Erection^c

SexualBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualBehavior`
Description	Any sexual behavior by animals. 'SexualCopulation' (the specific intercourse act) is a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual practice' in WordNet: 1. sexual activity, sexual practice, sex, sex activity - (activities associated with sexual intercourse; 'they had sex in the back seat')`
Super-classes	Behavior^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sexual^c
Sub-classes	Foreplay^c OralSex^c Homosexuality^c Prostitution^c SexualCopulation^c SexualPerversion^c Promiscuity^c Autoerotism^c

SexualCopulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualCopulation`
Description	COSMO note: This is for sexual mating by animals, including people; for human sexual intercourse use subtype ''HumanSexualIntercourse''. The full process of Reproduction in Plants and lower forms are represented in 'SexualReproduction', but the 'mating' component has no representation as of rev821. In the #$BaseKB, this refers to the act of two animals engaged in sexual copulation. See #$HumanActivitiesMt (and related Mts) for assertions about this activity by #$Persons. Includes part (for animals) of noun sense 1 of 'mating', noun sense 1 of 'sex', verb sense 1 of 'mate' and noun sense 2 of 'intercourse' and sense 1 of 'copulation' in WordNet: 1. (2) coupling, mating, pairing, conjugation, union, sexual union - (the act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes; 'the casual couplings of adolescents'; 'the mating of some species occurs only in the spring') WN 'mate' 1. (7) copulate, mate, pair, couple - (make love; 'Birds mate in the Spring') WN 'intercourse' 2. sexual intercourse, intercourse, sex act, copulation, coitus, coition, sexual congress, congress, sexual relation, relation, carnal knowledge - (the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman; the man's penis is inserted into the woman's vagina and excited until orgasm and ejaculation occur) WN noun 'sex': 1. (14) sexual activity, sexual practice, sex, sex activity - - (activities associated with sexual intercourse; 'they had sex in the back seat')
Super-classes	SexualReproductionEvent^c SocialOccurrence^c SexualBehavior^c Touching^c TwoAgentAction^c
Sub-classes	ServicingaFemaleAnimal^c Bestiality^c HumanSexualIntercourse^c

SexualDesire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualDesire`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual desire' in WordNet: WN 'sexual desire': 1. sexual desire, eros, concupiscence, physical attraction - (a desire for sexual intimacy) WN noun 'lust': 1. (1) lecherousness, lust, lustfulness - (a strong sexual desire)`
Super-classes	BodySensation^c Appetite^c Desire^c
Sub-classes	Lust^c

SexualGratification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualGratification`
Description	The states of #$SexualGratification; such a state is ordinarily achieved after an #$UrgeToHaveSex has been satisfied.
Super-classes	Satisfaction^c Feeling^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value HumanSexualIntercourse^c

SexualPerversion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualPerversion`
Description	'abberant' = 'abnormal' or 'unusual'?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual perversion' in WordNet: 1. perversion, sexual perversion - (an aberrant sexual practice that is preferred to normal intercourse)`
Super-classes	SexualBehavior^c
Sub-classes	Paraphilia^c

SexualRelationship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualRelationship`
Description	A ''SexualRelationship'' is a ''PersonalBond'' (a ''HumanRelationship'') between people (of the same or opposite sex) that maybe brief or long-lasting, involving activities causing sexual pleasure in one or (more usually) both parties. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual relationship' in WordNet: 1. (6) sexual relationship - (a relationship involving sexual intimacy)`
Super-classes	PersonalBond^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SexualBehavior^c
Sub-classes	SexualAffair^c

SexualReproductionEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualReproductionEvent`
Description	Any 'BiologicalReproductionEvent' for anials or plants in which either (1) two organisms mate and the female then produces a new organism having genetic material from both parents. or (2) a female's egg is fertilized outside the body (as in some fish) and the fertilized eggs are then able to deveop outside of he female.; or (3) any other process (such as pollination in plants) in which parts of the genomes of two animals or plants of different (usually) sex are combined to produce a new organism with about half of it genome from the two genetic parents. (4) borderline case of self-fertilization of some animal??? Included for now. Mostly this excludes binary fission of microbes and sporulation without sexual transfer of material between different animals. More secific subtypes can be created to differentiate these alernatives. The relation 'mayHaveSubEvent' can then be replaced by 'hasSubevents' for the types of sexual Reproduction that always include certain Actions. This is for a single event of reproduction from mating (or fertilization outside the body) to giving birth (or hatching) , and applies to plants as well as animals. For the more specific animal breeding Event, use 'AnimalBreeding'. The general process of groups of animals multiplying in number is not included in this sense. Also NOTE that the event of 'mating' is only a part of some instances os this generic Event type. Corresponds to sense 5 of 'reproduction', verb sense 2 of 'reproduce', verb sense 4 of 'breed' and noun sense 5 of 'breeding' in WordNet: 5. reproduction, procreation, breeding, facts of life - (the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring) WN 'reproduce' 2. (1) reproduce, procreate, multiply - (have offspring or young; 'The deer in our neighborhood reproduce madly'; 'The Catholic Church tells people to procreate, no matter what their economic situation may be') WN 'breed': 4. breed, multiply - (have young (animals); 'pandas rarely breed in captivity') WN noun 'mating': 1. (2) coupling, mating, pairing, conjugation, union, sexual union - (the act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes; 'the casual couplings of adolescents'; 'the mating of some species occurs only in the spring')
Super-classes	BiologicalReproductionEvent^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value Impregnation^c
Sub-classes	AnimalReproductionEvent^c SexualCopulation^c Crossbreeding^c

SexualSeduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexualSeduction`
Description	''SexualSeduction'' is an Action that persuades (causes) another Person to perform heterosexual ''SexualCopulation'' with the seducer. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'seduce' in WordNet: 1. seduce, score, make - (induce to have sex; 'Harry finally seduced Sally'; 'Did you score last night?'; 'Harry made Sally')`
Super-classes	Seducing^c PersuadingToAct^c
Restrictions	causes^op value SexualCopulation^c

Sexually^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sexually

Description

''Sexually'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify ''Sexuality'' values to indicate that behavior is characteistic of a particular ''Sexuality''

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sexually' in WordNet:
        1. (4) sexually - (with respect to sexuality; 'sexually ambiguous')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

SexuallyPromiscuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SexuallyPromiscuous

Description

A ''SexuallyPromiscuous'' Person is one who engages in ''Fornication'' or ''Adultery'' frequently and with multiple different partners, as opposed to one who has such relations with only or mostly one Person in a given time interval.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'promiscuous' in Wordnet:
       2. easy, light, loose, promiscuous, sluttish, wanton - (casual and unrestrained 
          in sexual behavior; 'her easy virtue'; 'he was told to avoid loose (or light) women'; 
          'wanton behavior')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sexy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sexy

Description

''Sexy'' is a subattribute of ''Appealing'' asserting that the Person who is ''Sexy'' arouses sexual passion in the onlooker. Usually applied to women.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sexy' and part of sense 5 of 'hot' in WordNet:
          1. (1) sexy - (marked by or tending to arouse sexual desire or interest;
            'feeling sexy'; 'sexy clothes'; 'sexy poses'; 'a sexy book'; 'sexy jokes')
         WN adjective 'hot':
           5. (1) hot - (sexually excited or exciting; 'was hot for her'; 'hot pants')

Super-classes Beautiful^c
Appealing^c

Shabbily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shabbily

Description

       Includes adverb sense 1 of 'shabbily' and part of sense 1 of 'tattily' (for
          clothing) in WordNet:
         1. shabbily - (so as to appear worn and threadbare or dilapidated; 'a shabbily dressed man')
       WN adv 'tattily':
         1. cheaply, tattily, inexpensively - (in a cheap manner; 
             'a cheaply dressed woman approached him in the bar')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c
Cheaply^c

Shabby^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shabby

Description

'Shabby"'' is a property of Objects that are typically still somewhat useful or functional, but have substantial damage to the surface due to use, to the extent that their appearance is unappealing. This applies to structures as well as smaller objects, such as clothing (which is the typical object thus described).

      Includes senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'shabby' in RHW: 
        1.  impaired by wear, use, etc.; worn: shabby clothes.
        2, showing conspicuous signs of wear or neglect: The rooms on the upper floors 
           of the mansion had a rather shabby appearance, as if they had not been much in use of late.
        4. run-down, seedy, or dilapidated: a shabby hotel.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shabby' in WordNet:
            1. (4) moth-eaten, ratty, shabby, tatty - (showing signs of wear and tear; 
            'a ratty old overcoat'; 'shabby furniture'; 'an old house with dirty windows and tatty curtains')

Super-classes Worn^c

Shackle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shackle`
Description	A ''Shackle'' is a ''U-ShapedClasp'' made from a strong ''Bar'' of metal that comes in different sizes and is used as the looped part of a ''Padlock'' that hooks into the receiving hooks of the two objects that the ''Padlock''. fastens together. One end is permanently connected into the ''PadlockBody'', but is on an internal pivot that allows it to swivel around the connected end. When the free end is not locked into the ''PadlockBody'' it can swing freely arund the connected end. The shackle can be locked firmly into place just by pushing the freeable end into the body of the Padlock, and then it requires a key or combination or electronic code to release the freeable end and let it swing freely again so that the lock can be remmoved from the two objects it has fastened together. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shackle' in WordNet: 2. shackle - (a U-shaped bar; the open end can be passed through chain links and closed with a bar)`
Super-classes	U-ShapedClasp^c Bar^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Padlock^c isConnectedToSemiRigidly^op value PadlockBody^c

ShackleBond^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShackleBond`
Description	A ''ShackleBond'' is a 'PhysicalRestraint' made of a metallic CordlikeObject or a chain or rope, that is used to restrict body motion such as by tying the hands together or tying the legs together, or tying a whole animal to a wall or floor. `The term 'shackles' is often used for a pair of restraints that fit around arms or legs, connected by a chain or cord, so the term 'shackles' is included here as a synonym. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shackle' in WordNet: 1. (2) shackle, bond, hamper, trammel - (a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner))`
Super-classes	PhysicalRestraint^c Device^c
Sub-classes	Chains^c Handcuff^c

Shade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shade`
Description	A 'Shade' is a 'Shadow' (a situation) in an OutdoorLocation on a sunny day where there is less light than in areas that are directly exposed to the sun. For indoor locations where there is an area blocked from light, or for shadow of light from illumination sources other than the sun, use 'Shadow'. Usually the light is blocked by a ''SolidObject'', but may be blocked by clouds, so the 'dueTo' restriction points to a Physical object or type. @ToDo: NOTE that the restrictions do not specify that the shade is on side opposite the sun from the Object causing the shade, so this type needs further description for proper representation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shade' in WordNet: 1. (9) shade, shadiness, shadowiness - (relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body; 'it is much cooler in the shade'; 'there's too much shadiness to take good photographs')
Super-classes	RelativeAbsence^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some OutdoorLocation^c hadMissingThing^op value SunLight-Direct^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

ShadeOfColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShadeOfColor

Description

Each 'ShadeOfColor'is a variation on some primary color, or some well-known color (such as 'Rose') that is still recognized as belonging to the family of colors that is a subtype of the primary color. In this sense, a 'Shade' of a color, in the COSMO representation, would be a subtype of that color.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shade' in WordNet:
          2. (5) shade, tint, tincture, tone - - (a quality of a given color 
            that differs slightly from a primary color;
            'after several trials he mixed the shade of pink that she wanted')

Super-classes Hue^c

Shaded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shaded

Description

''Shaded'' is an attribute of objects that are radiating visible light at a low intensity due to the absence of sunlight caused by objects blocking he sunlight. The opposite of ''Sunlit''.

     This situation is caused by a ''Shadow'' - see ''Shadow' for the
         relation 'mayCauseObjectToBecome'.

     This adjective applies to objects (and areas) that are *currently* shadowed, not to 
        places that *typically* are shadowed in daylight times (as a 'shady lane').

     This attribute is caused by an object casting a shadow (or one may say,by the
     shadow itself)

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shaded' and sense 4 of 'shady' in WordNet:
         1. (4) shaded - (protected from heat and light with shade or shadow; 
           'shaded avenues'; 'o'er the shaded billows rushed the night'- Alexander Pope)
      WN adjective 'shady':
        4. shady, shadowed, shadowy, umbrageous - (filled with shade; 
           'the shady side of the street'; 'the surface of the pond is dark and shadowed'; 
           'we sat on rocks in a shadowy cove'; 'cool umbrageous woodlands')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Shadow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shadow`
Description	A 'Shade' is a RelativeAbsence of light (a situation) in some location where there is (1) a source of light and (2) an object that blocks some of that light from directly reaching a region, resulting in a clearly defined darker area withint he illuminated area. For shadows in an OutdoorLocation (blocked sunlight) use 'Shade'. The 'location' of a Shadow will be a region between the Object blocking the light and any object on which the surface illumination is decreased by the blocking Object. The relation 'isDueToThePresenceOf' specifies the Object causing the Shadow. (@ToDo: Perhaps a more specific relation would be useful here??) @ToDo: NOTE that the restrictions do not specify that the shadow is on side opposite the light source from the Object causing the shadow, so this type needs further description for proper representation. Likewise, the relation of the shape of the shadow to the object blocking the light is not represented. For future elaboration. NOTE that in Cyc a Shadow is a region of space, not a situation; this differs significantly from the COSMO representation. Cyc 'Shadow': A region of space having markedly less illumination than the area surrounding it, due to some object intervening between the light source and that region. The shape of a shadow is related systematically to the shape of the object blocking the light source. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shadow' in Wordnet: 1. (17) shadow - (shade within clear boundaries)
Super-classes	RelativeAbsence^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) mayCauseObjectToBecome^op some Shaded^c occurredAt^op some GenericLocation^c hadMissingThing^op value Light^c

Shaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shaft`
Description	A specialization of #$SolidTangibleArtifact. Each instance of #$Shaft is an artifact that is long, straight, cylindrical, and rigid. Instances of #$Shaft are usually made of wood, metal, or plastic. This ''Shaft'' is an artifact that was dsigned to function by rotating along the long axis. It may be a simple cylinder with simple connectors at the ends, as in a drive shaft, or have vanes attached, as in a ''Turbine''. A ''Shaft'' can be part of a larger object (such as a spear or arrow) but the larger object itself is not included in this type. This is just for the long rigid cylindrical part. The difference between a ''Shaft'' and a ''Rod'' is that a ''Rod'' need not rotate in order to function as designed. This does not include an elevator 'shaft'. subtype of 'Shaft' can include devices intended to function with other components, such as an 'Axle'. Examples: Nail, Axle. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shaft' in Wordnet: 3. (1) shaft - (a long rod or pole (especially the handle of an implement or the body of a weapon like a spear or arrow))
Super-classes	RigidObject^c LongAndThinThing^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Rod^c Device^c CylindricalObject^c RotatableComponent^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Rotation^c
Sub-classes	PowerShaft^c MopHandle^c KnittingNeedle^c Axle^c Screw-Connector^c Rivet^c PivotDevice^c Toothpick^c ArtifactStem^c Barbell^c Pole^c HandWritingImplement^c LongHandle^c BroomHandle^c NailHead^c CrochetingNeedle^c Needle^c Nail^c Drumstick^c StraightPin^c Stilt^c PostStuckInGround^c Skewer^c ClothesPin^c TaperedScrew^c NailShaft^c DrillBit^c

ShakerDispenser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShakerDispenser`
Description	A container for storing and dispensing granular or powdery stuff (usually foodstuffs), by inverting the container and shaking it. It is used by holding it in one hand while dispensing. Instances of this type are containers with perforations in the top that are somewhat larger than the grain size of the GranularSubstance they are designed to contain, but the openings ('Portals') should not be much larger than the grain size, or it will not require shaking to control the dispensing. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shaker' in WordNet: 3. shaker - (a container in which something can be shaken)`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c Dispenser^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	hasMannerOfUse^op value InvertAndShakeAction^c isDesignedToContain^op some GranularSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	PepperShaker^c SaltShaker^c

ShakingHands^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShakingHands

Description

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shake hands' in WordNet:
          1. (2) shake hands - (take someone's hands and shake them as a gesture 
             of greeting or congratulation)
        WN noun 'handshake':
           1. handshake, shake, handshaking, handclasp - (grasping and shaking 
           a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract))

Super-classes GreetingGesture^c
GesturingWithTheHands^c
UsingTheHand^c
GrippingWithHands^c

ShakingMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShakingMotion`
Description	A 'ShakingMotion' is an Event in which a PhysicalObject (or some part of a PhysicalObject) moves back and forth in a linear path, in any direction (up and down, sideways). A 'ShakingMotion' is an ActionSeries, but a single shake will also be an instance of this Event type. The transition from one direction to another must be sufficiently quick to cause liquid or powdered contents of a container to agitate and move around, in order to be a 'ShakingMotion'. A wrist-action shaking motion, in which an object is rotated back and forth about a center of rotation, is also included in this type, as is a swirling motion, in which the bottom part of an object moves in a circular path while the top part stays approximately in the same place, (as when a person swirls a partly-filled jug or a chemist swirls an Erlenmeyer flask). The strictly linear back-and-forth motion is the subtype 'ReciprocatingMotion' (also called 'rectilinear motion'). NOTE that this can be natural,as in an Earthquake or the shaking of a tree branch in a wind. This is the Event solely from the moving object's perspective; the act of causing something to shake is 'ShakingSomething'. NOTE that 'shake' is intermingled with 'rock' and 'sway' in WordNet sense 4, but rocking and swaying have amplitudes that are larger, relative to the object, and frequencies that are lower than a 'shaking' the borderline is not yet defined. NOTE that Wordnet includes both intransitive and transitive senses in one synset, so this corresponds only to the intransitive sense of 'shake', part of the WordNet verb sense 1 of 'shake', and includes part of sense 4 (when the rocking motion is so rapid it is considered as a shaking) of 'shake' in WordNet: 1. (43) shake, agitate - (move or cause to move back and forth; 'The chemist shook the flask vigorously'; 'My hands were shaking') 4. (6) rock, sway, shake - - (move back and forth or sideways; 'the ship was rocking'; 'the tall building swayed'; 'She rocked back and forth on her feet')
Super-classes	MotionInPlace^c ActionSeries^c Oscillating^c
Sub-classes	ReciprocatingMotion^c Shuddering^c ThrashingAbout^c Wagging^c Jiggling^c Swaying^c Earthquake^c

ShakingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShakingSomething`
Description	A 'ShakingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to undergo a ShakingMotion, in any direction (up and down, sideways, wrist-action shaking, swirling). See 'ShakingMotion', the intransitive Event caused by 'ShakingSomething' `NOTE that the transitive and intransitive senses have different parent types. NOTE that WordNet includes both intransitive and transitive senses in one synset, so this corresponds only to the transitive sense of 'shake', part of the WordNet verb sense 1 of 'shake': in WordNet: 1. (43) shake, agitate - (move or cause to move back and forth; 'The chemist shook the flask vigorously'; 'My hands were shaking')`
Super-classes	ActionSeries^c CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value ShakingMotion^c
Sub-classes	AgitatingAnObject^c

ShallotBulb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShallotBulb`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shallot' in WordNet: 1. shallot - (aggregated bulb of the multiplier onion)`
Super-classes	LayeredObject^c Bulb-ThePlantPart^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Onions^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value ShallotPlant^c

ShallotPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShallotPlant

Description

An individual shallot plants.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shallot' in WordNet:
          2. shallot, eschalot, multiplier onion, Allium cepa aggregatum, Allium ascalonicum - 
            (type of onion plant producing small clustered mild-flavored bulbs used as seasoning)

Super-classes OnionPlant^c

Shallots^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shallots

Description

''Shallots'' is the term used in COSMO to represent a foodstuff consisting mostly of a Group of ''ShallotBulb''s or processed ''ShallotBulb''s.

         Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shallot' in WordNet:
           3. shallot - (small mild-flavored onion-like or garlic-like clustered bulbs 
               used for seasoning)

Super-classes Vegetable-Food^c

Shallow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shallow

Description

''Shallow'' is an AttributeValue of a BodyOfWater, an ''Indentation'', or other Object that has a higher surface and a lower bottom below the surface; the ''Shallow'' attribute characterizes the the distance from the higher surface to the bottom or from the front to the back, such that that distance is multiple times smaller than the width of the surface. This is a relative term whose meaning depends on the size and type of object that it modifies. For BodyOfWater, a 'shallow' swimming pool will have a depth much less than a 'shallow' lake, and that much less than a 'shallow' ocean. A 'shallow' bowl will have a depth much less than any of those; an ''Indentation'' is stypically in a ''HumanSizedObject'' or smaller, and the absolute distances are smaller than for bodies of water.

   As a LogicalFunction, this term can take a type of
   Object and return a subtype of that Object.:
         (Shallow Lake) - a subtype of 'Lake'

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shallow' in WordNet:
     1. (6) shallow - (lacking physical depth; having little spatial
         extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or
         outward from a center; 'shallow water'; 'a shallow dish'; 'a shallow cut';
         'a shallow closet'; 'established a shallow beachhead'; 
         'hit the ball to shallow left field')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ShallowBodyOfWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShallowBodyOfWater`
Description	NOTE: this is a ''BodyOfWater'' that is shallow (less than 5 feet deep); it can be part of a BodyOfWater that has deeper parts (such as a crossing point in a Stream); or, it can be a BodOfWater that is mostly shallow though it does have some deeper parts.
Super-classes	BodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shallow^c
Sub-classes	Marsh^c

Shaman^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shaman

Description

A ''Shaman'' uses magic to (attempt to) perform healing or divination. This is more specialized than ''WitchDoctor'' in requiring some formal religious belief in the group that accepts this practice.

     CYC: In #$Shamanism, a person who acts as intermediary
        between the natural and supernatural worlds, using #$Magic
        to cure illness, foretell the future, control spiritual
        forces, etc.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shaman' in WordNet:
        1. shaman, priest-doctor - 
            (in societies practicing shamanism: one acting as a
            medium between the visible and spirit worlds; 
            practices sorcery for healing or divination)

Super-classes WitchDoctor^c
ReligiousPerson^c

Shamanism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shamanism

Description

CYC: The collection of #$AnimistReligions of northern Asia and elsewhere that embrace a belief in powerful spirits that can be influenced only by #$Shamans.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shamanism' in WordNet:
          2. shamanism, Asian shamanism - (an animistic religion 
            of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation 
            between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans)

Super-classes Animism^c

Shame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shame`
Description	Painful self-conscious feeling of guilt, shortcoming, or impropriety. #$Shame often accompanies social disgrace or disrepute. It often leads to #$Remorse. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shame' in WordNet: 1. (9) shame - (a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt)`
Super-classes	Embarrassment^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Ashamed^c

Shamed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shamed

Description

Being in a 'StateOfShame'; having others know that one has performed a shameful act. NOTE: it is possible for someone to be in a StateOfShame (having others know of one's shameful deed) without feeling 'Shame'. The AttributeValue of one who feels shame is 'Ashamed'.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'shamed' in Wordnet:
      2. discredited, disgraced, dishonored, shamed - (suffering shame)

Super-classes SocialStatusAttribute^c

Shamefaced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shamefaced`
Description	'Shamefaced' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of A Person and particularly the Face, that suggests the Person is feeling ''Shame''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'shamefaced' in Wordnet: 2. shamefaced, sheepish - (showing a sense of shame)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling^op value Shame^c

Shameful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shameful`
Description	'Shameful' is an AttributeValue of actions which are of a type that are considered as being obviously improper by the community in which they are performed. WordNet has two senses that seem to differ only slightly in the degree of shamefulness, the higher degree (sense 2) being 'scandalous' or 'shocking'. There may be a distinction based on the inherent character of an action and its likelihood of leading to opprobrium, but that is not yet distinguished in COSMO. This AttributeValue includes all senses. `in WordNet: 1. (2) black, disgraceful, ignominious, inglorious, opprobrious, shameful - ((used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame; 'Man...has written one of his blackest records as a destroyer on the oceanic islands' - Rachel Carson; 'an ignominious retreat'; 'inglorious defeat'; 'an opprobrious monument to human greed'; 'a shameful display of cowardice')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Ignominious^c Shocking^c

Shampoo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shampoo`
Description	A specialization of #$ToiletrySubstance, #$LiquidTangibleThing, and #$Surfactant. Each instance of this collection is a portion of liquid typically used as a cleanser for hair on the head. (Note that this is shampoo qua #$ExistingStuffType i.e. the liquid only and not shampoo plus its packaging in bottles, etc.). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shampoo' in Wordnet: 1. shampoo - (cleansing agent consisting of soaps or detergents used for washing the hair)`
Super-classes	ToiletrySubstance^c Mixture^c Surfactant^c LiquidSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value CleansingHair^c

Shape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shape`
Description	A Shape is an AttributeType that is a kind of Appearance, in which the relationship of points on the surface of the object (including holes) is the predominant characteristic in establishin the type. This is a relatively simple VisualPattern, being the set of spatial relationships of points inside the shape to each other. Most of the character of a Shape comes from the surfaces and edges, but a shape can be more than two-dimensional. For a simple two-dimensional shape that is characterized only by the patterns made by the edges, use 'Silhouette' or 'Outline'. `Corresponds to noun senses 4 and 6 of 'form', and senses 1 and 2 of 'shape' in WordNet: 4. (23) shape, form, configuration, contour, conformation - (any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline); 'he could barely make out their shapes') 6. (8) shape, form - (the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance; 'geometry is the mathematical science of shape')`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicPart^op value Outline^c
Sub-classes	Silhouette^c ScrollShape^c AmorphousShape^c RoundShape^c AngularShape^c ColumnShape^c Outline^c

ShapeAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapeAttribute`
Description	Any attribute that specifically describes the shape of an object. There can be very many shape attributes, many of which are perhaps perceptual primitives, including silhouettes that are recognizable as specific objects.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Cylindrical^c PointLike^c L-shaped^c Perpendicular^c SheetLike^c Flat-topped^c ArchShaped^c Round^c ThreeDimensional^c SpadeShaped^c SackLike^c V-shaped^c Y-shaped^c Steep-sided^c Flat-bottomed^c Curved^c Angular^c Granular^c PersonShaped^c TubeShaped^c Cellular^c KnotShaped^c On-site^c FourDimensional^c Porous^c SpiderShaped^c ArcShaped^c

ShapeChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapeChange`
Description	''ShapeChange'' represents the ''IntransitiveAction'' of some PhysicalObject changing its shape. This is not the transitive Action of ''CausingaShapeChange'', though it may be caused by such an Action,or may be a ''ReflexiveAction'' in which the Agent causing the change is the same as the Object ('patient') of the change, such as in a Person or other animal changing its shape. SUMO: The Process of changing the shape of an Object. Cyc: (ShapeChangeEvent) A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent (q.v.) whose instances are events involving a physical object's changing shape. A #$ShapeChangeEvent occurs when either (i) the shape of some (usually more or less plastic ) object is changed in a fairly significant way, (ii) an object is created (see #$PhysicalCreationEvent) through a process in which a definite shape is imposed on some material, or (iii) an object is destroyed (see #$PhysicalDestructionEvent) through some process in which its shape is so radically altered that the it can no longer be said to exist. Examples of these three respective cases include flattening an aluminum can with one's foot, fashioning a figure from clay, and steamrolling a birthday cake. Shape changes are usually (though not necessarily always) the result of the shapee's being acted upon by another tangible thing (or things). When a shape change of type (i) or (ii) occurs via the purposeful actions of some agent, the event is a #$ShapingSomething(q.v.). Note that, in most contexts, very gradual changes in an object's shape - such as instances of #$Growth-Physical or #$Erosion - are not #$ShapeChangeEvents. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'change of shape' in WordNet: 1. change of shape - (an action that changes the shape of something) WN verb 'change shape': 1. change shape, change form, deform - (assume a different shape or form)
Super-classes	MovementOrShapeChangeEvent^c InternalChange^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op some CausingaShapeChange^c hadObjectModified^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Sagging^c GrindingSomethingDown^c DeformingSomething^c Deforming^c Morphing^c Lengthening^c MakingSomethingMoreCompact^c Straightening^c

ShapeChangeTendency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapeChangeTendency`
Description	This AttributeValue and its subtypes can be used to indicate the expected behaviors of PhysicalObjects under certain conditions. The likelihood of shape change over time varies dramatically as one goes from solid objects to liquid and gaseous ones. The subtypes of this Type will specify how shapes may change for certain Types of objects under certain conditions.
Super-classes	Tendency^c
Sub-classes	TendencyToDroop^c

ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial event, an object's shape changes without any of its parts being removed.
Super-classes	PhysicalCreationEvent^c Deforming^c
Sub-classes	ShapingByBeating^c UnwindingaSpool^c Compacting^c PiercingSomething^c WindingUpaSpring^c Extruding^c NeedleCraft^c CoilTightening^c MoldingAnArtifact^c Quilting^c WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c SpreadingASubstance^c KnittingByHand^c Weaving^c Crocheting^c

ShapeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapeType`
Description	ShapeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for shape attributes and an argument restriction for the hasShape relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations. NOTE: as of v0.50, both shape attributes and specifically shaped objects can be instances of ShapeType. @ToDo - this should probably be differentiated. CYC note: CYC has 'ThreeDimensionalShapeType', a subtype of 'GeometricShapeType', not used in COSMO: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$GeometricShapeType (q.v.). Each instance of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType is a specialization of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (q.v.) all of whose own instances have something in common as regards their shape. Instances include the collections #$Cylinder and #$Cube. As of rev 1111 only 'ShapeType' is used as a Type metaclass, and geometric shapes and other distinctively shaped objects are related to objects having those shapes by the relation 'hasTheShapeOfa'. Instances of SphaeType in COSMO are all AttributeValues.
Super-classes	PatternType^c AppearanceType^c
Sub-classes	GeometricShapeType^c
In range of	hasShape^op hasApproximateShape^op
Members	VerySharp CrescentShaped On-site SheetLike FourDimensional LongConeShaped Porous Powdered V-shaped Wavy Crooked Hooked Triangular Round Ellipsoidal DiskGeometrical Bent L-shaped Helical Cellular PearShaped Planar Elliptical Conical Cubic SharpAngled Asymptote-BoundedAbove Curly TruncatedCone Steep-sided Axis Perpendicular Flat-bottomed Full-Length EggShaped DiskShaped Curved LoopShaped BandShaped Rectangular Frizzy Granular ArcShaped PerpendicularLine U-Shaped Toroidal RectangularParallelepipedLike Cylindrical PointLike Rounded Circular CrissCrossPattern SackLike NauticalLifeline TubeShaped CrossShaped SharpEdged Flat-topped AngularShape SharpEnded WebLike Angular Spiral Bulbous AmorphousShape ArchShaped VerySteep Spheroidal Beanoid Ovoidal Longer PlaidPattern Asymptote Permeable AxisOfRotation ColumnShape PersonShaped ThreeDimensional Fuzzy ScrewShaped SpiderShaped SpadeShaped Polyhedral Oblique RotationallySymmetric Spherical StraightLine Winding CrossSection Y-shaped RoundShape VisiblyGranular TubeGeometrical Lengthened Blob Arch ScrollShape LongAndThin SharplyCurved KnotShaped Ovoid AcuteAngled Coiled StringOrLine

ShapedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapedObject`
Description	A ''ShapedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that has been produced by an intentional ''ShapingSomething'' Action.
Super-classes	ShapedThing^c ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value ShapingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Crease^c Distortion^c GlassLens^c

ShapedThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapedThing`
Description	An #$ObjectType and a specialization of #$OneOrHigherDimensionalThing (q.v.). Each instance of #$ShapedThing is a spatial object that has some well-defined shape (though what counts as a well-defined shape can vary from context to context); see #$objectShapeType. Specializations of #$ShapedThing include #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing and #$AnimalShapedThing. Contrast with #$AmorphousThing.
Super-classes	OneOrHigherDimensionalThing^c
Sub-classes	OneDimensionalGeometricThing^c Peanut^c ShapedObject^c CircularObject^c Curve^c TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c Undulation^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c RoundObject^c

ShapingByBeating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapingByBeating`
Description	''ShapingByBeating'' is a ''FormingAnArtifact''in which a SolidObject has it shape changed intentionally into a more desirable shape by 'beating' it with a hard hammer-like object. The Object may be bent into any shape, or thinned,such as when a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (typically malleable) is beaten to make it thinner; saliently, this porcess makes 'gold foil' by beating sheets of ''Gold'' unti they are very thin 'gold leaf' but still reflect golden light, as does a thicker gold object. The resulting gold leaf can be used to coat and gild objects to beautify their appearance. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'beat' in WordNet: 5. (3) beat - (shape by beating; 'beat swords into ploughshares')`
Super-classes	ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c StrikingRepeatedly^c ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Beaten^c hasSubEvent^op value StrikingAnObjectWithaTool^c

ShapingDie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapingDie`
Description	A ''ShapingTool'' is a ''ShapingTool'' used for shaping metals. It can be of various kinds, such as the stamping dies used to produce images on coins, or to form sheets of metal (e.g. object coverings) into useful shapes. or can be used while firmly supported and the material to be shaped passes over or through, such as in 'DrawingIntoaWire' `This type includes the dies used for producing threads on screws. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'die' in WordNet: 2. (1) die - (a device used for shaping metal)`
Super-classes	HardwareTool^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ShapingMetal^c

ShapingHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapingHair`
Description	Performing a ''ShapingSomething'' Action to change the shape of an animal's hair (including non-human animals)
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some HairObject^c
Sub-classes	CuttingHair^c

ShapingMetal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapingMetal`
Description	''ShapingMetal'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which the thing shaped is a ''MetalObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metalworking' in WordNet: 1. metalworking, metalwork - (the activity of making things out of metal in a skillful manner)`
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some MetalObject^c

ShapingMetalWithaDie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapingMetalWithaDie`
Description	''ShapingMetalWithaDie'' is a subtype of ''ShapingMetal'' in which a 'die' is used to shape the metal, such as by stamping or drawing.
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value ShapingDie^c
Sub-classes	DrawingIntoaWire^c MintingaCoin^c

ShapingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapingSomething`
Description	''ShapingSomething'' is any of a broad class of ''ActionOnObject's in which a person or machine modifies a SolidObject (by cutting, molding, bending, folding, or grinding) so as to change the shape of the Object. CYC: A specialization of #$MaterialHandling (q.v.). Each instance of #$ShapingSomething is an event in which something (usually more or less plastic in nature) is given a definite shape, or has its shape changed, through the purposeful actions of an agent that cause a #$ShapeChangeEvent (q.v.). Specializations include #$Carving, #$Sewing, and #$SpreadingOntoSurface. In many (but not all) cases, an instance of #$ShapingSomething is also a #$PhysicalCreationEvent (see e.g. #$MakingPottery). Normally, a #$ShapingSomething concerns the basic, overall shape of the object of change (see #$objectOfStateChange). Thus, a #$PolishingSomething event is not a #$ShapingSomething, as it doesn't affect the basic shape of the object being polished. @mod1453 added 'CausingaShapeChange' `Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'shape' in Wordnet: 2. (6) shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword') 3. (3) shape, form - (give shape or form to; 'shape the dough'; 'form the young child's character')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c MaterialHandling^c ActionOnObject^c FormingAnArtifact^c CausingaShapeChange^c ProcessingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SolidObject^c produced^op some ShapedObject^c
Sub-classes	CuttingaGroove^c FashioningSomething^c TillingSoil^c ShapingMetalWithaDie^c ForgingaMetalObject^c CarvingSomething^c MoldingAnArtifact^c GrindingSomethingDown^c WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c FittingSomething^c StylingHair^c FlatteningSomething^c ShapingMetal^c ShapingByBeating^c ReshapingSomething^c ShapingHair^c Sculpting^c

ShapingTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShapingTool`
Description	A ''ShapingTool'' is an''HardwareTool'' used for to shape solid or semisolid materials. It can be of various kinds, sch as the stamping dies used to produce images on coins, or to form sheets of metal (e.g. object coverings) into useful shapes. or can be used while firmly supported and the material to be shaped passes over or through, such as in 'DrawingIntoaWire' `Cutting or grinding devices,though they may be used for shaping are not included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shaping tool' in WordNet: 1. shaping tool - (a tool for shaping metal)`
Super-classes	HardwareTool^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ShapingSomething^c

Shard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shard`
Description	A ''Shard'' is a ''Fragment'' of a brittle object created by a ''BreakingEvent''; this is used especially for pieces of a ''PotteryObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shard' in WordNet: 1. (1) shard, sherd, fragment - (a broken piece of a brittle artifact)`
Super-classes	Fragment^c
Restrictions	wasaPartOf^op value BrittleObject^c

Share^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Share`
Description	Each 'Share' is a Part of something that has been divided into more than one Part and distributed, allocated, or assigned to some agent. The Share may be something owed or due on the basis of an Agreement or Rule (someone's 'fair share') or may be arbitrarily assigned by the agent doing the distributing. This is the most general sense of 'share'; valuable assets such as money could be part of a more specific sense of 'share'. For 'share' in the sense of share of stock or share of some other tradable security, use 'ShareOfSock'. `Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 3 of 'share' and senses 3 and 4 of 'portion' and noun sense 9 of 'part' in WordNet: 2. (152) share, portion, part, percentage - (assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; 'he wanted his share in cash') 3. (117) parcel, portion, share - (the allotment of some amount by dividing something; 'death gets more than its share of attention from theologians')`
Super-classes	Part^c
Sub-classes	ShareOfStock^c Allocation^c

ShareOfStock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShareOfStock`
Description	A 'FinancialAsset' that is one 'share' in the ownership of a Corporation, MutualFund, or limited partnership. At any given time it has a value in some currency. There may be several classes of shares in a given corporation, with different rights, and the shares may be privately held or publicly traded. `This is also a subtype of 'MoneyObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'share' in WordNet: 1. (363) share - (any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate; 'he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price') WN noun 'stock': 11. (5) stock certificate, stock - (a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation; 'the value of his stocks doubled during the past year')`
Super-classes	FinancialSecurity^c Share^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Shareholder^c
Sub-classes	PubliclyTradedSecurity^c

Shared^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shared`
Description	An attribute of things - objects or interests - that have a similar relationship to more than one person. shared values, shared interests, shared beliefs, shared loyalties. Synonym is 'common', but that term in COSMO is used to mean 'ordinary, everyday'. `Includes adjective sense 1 of 'shared' and sense 1 of 'mutual' in Wordnet: 1. (4) shared - (have in common; held or experienced in common; 'two shared valence electrons forming a bond between adjacent nuclei'; 'a shared interest in philately') WN adjective 'mutual': 1. (3) common, mutual - (common to or shared by two or more parties; 'a common friend'; 'the mutual interests of management and labor')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Community-based^c Interstate^c

Shareholder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shareholder`
Description	A ''Shareholder'' is an ''Investor'' who buys at least one 'share' of a publicly owned company. `ToDo: subtype of 'capitalist'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shareholder' in WordNet: 1. stockholder, shareholder, shareowner - (someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation)`
Super-classes	Investor^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	owns^op value ShareOfStock^c

Sharing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sharing`
Description	A Sharing is an Event in which a PhysicalObject or a Right to use a PhysicalObject is shared with another by a transfer of that object or right from one agent to another. (This is not the static notion of things sharing something like a property in common). This requires that the person who transfers the object or right has some part of his/her own rights reduced - either the object is no longer available as often, or the Right is no longer available as conveniently. To 'share' information does not reduce the owner's rights, and is not a 'sharing' in this sense. To share access to something accessible by many (e.g. a web site) is a borderline case that is not an instance of sharing in this sense (it is a 'MakingSomethingAvailable'.), even though in theory the original owner may be delayed in access if others are accessing at the same time. Sharing one's apartment with another is a clear instance of 'Sharing'. Lending an Object is also a subtype of Sharing. The thing 'shared' can be pointed to by the relation ''hadthingAffected''. That relation is very general and if this type is used frequently, it may be best to create a more specific @subProperty. Cyc: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$MakingSomethingAvailable (among other supercollections). In an instance of #$Sharing, one #$Agent receives #$PrimaryRoleUseRights over an object for a limited time from another #$Agent, who doesn't give up his or her own right to use it, too (but does give up exclusive right to it). Cf. #$BorrowingSomething. SUMO: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where a properPart of the patient is given by the agent or the destination. Includes sense 4 and part of sense 3 of verb 'share' in Wordnet: 3. (15) partake, share, partake in - (have, give, or receive a share of; 'We shared the cake') 4. (4) share, divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal - (give out as one's portion or share)
Super-classes	GainingUserRights^c ChangeOfPossession^c MakingSomethingAvailable^c TemporaryChangeOfUserRights^c
Sub-classes	Lending^c Borrowing^c

SharingaBedroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharingaBedroom`
Description	''SharingaBedroom''' is the ''PersistentState'' in which two or more people usually or frequently sleep in the same room, whether in the same or different beds, and whether engaged in a sexual relation or not. This is not for single-night ''sleepovers'. `The notion of double up' could be a subtype, double up -- (share a room or a bed designed for only one person) Linguistically when one uses 'rooms together with' or 'shares a room with', or 'live together with', and the subject and object(s) of that phrase form the ''GroupOfPeople'' that performs this Action.`
Super-classes	Cohabitation^c
Restrictions	hasThingShared^op value Bedroom^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

SharingaResource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharingaResource`
Description	A ''SharingaResource'' is a ''PersistentState'' in which two or more people 'share' posession or use of some ''Resource''. This may be the result of a ''Sharing'' Event in which some agent in possession of something gives it on a temporary basis to another, while retining ownership or control, or it can be a state initiated by more than one agent agreeing to possess or use something in common. The latter may occur in situations such as workplaces where equipment is available for the use of any of the workers who need it, or in situations where two or more people live in or otherwise use come space in a building or other location. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'share' in WordNet: 2. (19) share - (use jointly or in common)`
Super-classes	HavingSomethingInCommon^c PersistentState^c UsingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op min 2 isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	Cohabitation^c

Shark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shark`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shark' in WordNet: 1. (1) shark - (any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales)`
Super-classes	CartilaginousFish^c Predator^c MarineOrganism^c
Sub-classes	WhaleShark^c Shark-Hammerhead^c MackerelShark^c

Shark-Hammerhead^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shark-Hammerhead

Description

Distinctive sharks whose heads protrude to both sides with eyes on the ends of the laterally elongated head. Weird-looking. They look comical but can be dangerous.

      CYC 'Shark-Hammerhead':
        The collection of all sharks belonging to the
        biological family Sphyrnidae.   These sharks are
        medium-sized and have flattened heads.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hammerhead shark' in WordNet:
            1. hammerhead, hammerhead shark - (medium-sized live-bearing shark 
              with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head;
              worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerous)

Super-classes Scavenger^c
Shark^c

Sharp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sharp`
Description	Having an edge or point that is thin and hard enough to pierce or cut things that are not as hard. This is a general sense, and can apply to broken glass as well as needles and cutting instruments intended to have a sharp edge. `For the sense of 'sharpedged' as applied to knives and other cutting instruments, use the subtype 'Keen'. Includes adjective senses 2 and 9 of 'sharp' in WordNet: 2. (6) acuate, acute, sharp, needlelike - (ending in a sharp point) 9. (1) sharp - (having or made by a thin edge or sharp point; suitable for cutting or piercing; 'a sharp knife'; 'a pencil with a sharp point')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	SharpAngled^c PointyEnded^c

SharpAngled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharpAngled`
Description	The property of an object that has at least one distinctive 'sharp' angle (an angle less than 45 degrees,an acute angle). such as the sharp edge of a knife.
Super-classes	Sharp^c Angular^c
Sub-classes	SharpEdged^c AcuteAngled^c

SharpEdged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharpEdged`
Description	The property of an object that has one 'sharp edge', often a ''KnifeEdge''. `NOTE: If the 'edge' that is sharp can be a small part of the Object. If the shapr part is the end of the Obejct, as in a ''DrillBit'', which is a 'Shaft'', then it has the subAttribute attribute ''SharpEnded''.`
Super-classes	SharpAngled^c
Sub-classes	VerySharp^c SharpEnded^c

SharpEnded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharpEnded`
Description	''SharpEnded'' the attribute of a ''SharpEdged'', Object where the sharp part is at the end of the object, such as on a ''DrillBit''.
Super-classes	SharpEdged^c

SharpObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharpObject`
Description	A ''SolidObject'' with a sharp edge or point, ''Hard'' enough to pierce other ''SolidbObject''s.
Super-classes	(PointyEndedObject^c or Blade^c) HardObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sharp^c
Sub-classes	Razor^c Blade^c Knife^c Needle^c

SharpPain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharpPain`
Description	Pain that is intense for a time that may be brief or longer. If chronic, it is also a ChronicPain. Something less inense than this would be a ''PainOrAche''. `Corresponds most closely to noun sense 3 of 'pain' in Wordnet: 3. (9) pain, pain sensation, painful sensation - (a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; 'as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain')`
Super-classes	PainOrAche^c
Sub-classes	ExcruciatingPain^c Pang^c

Sharpener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sharpener`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sharpener' in WordNet: 1. sharpener - (any implement that is used to make something (an edge or a point) sharper; 'a knife sharpener')`
Super-classes	Implement^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SharpeningAnObject^c
Sub-classes	Whetstone^c PencilSharpener^c

SharpeningAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharpeningAnObject`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sharpen' in WordNet: 1. (1) sharpen - (make sharp or sharper; 'sharpen the knives')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c Modification^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Sharpener^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Sharper^c
Sub-classes	SharpeningaPencil^c HoningaBlade^c

SharpeningaPencil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharpeningaPencil`
Description	This is the act of sharpening a ''LeadPencil'', using a ''PencilSharpener'' that grinds the end of the pencil to a sharp point, enabling the pencil to write better.
Super-classes	SharpeningAnObject^c TaperingAnObject^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value PencilSharpener^c hadObjectModified^op value LeadPencil^c

Sharper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sharper`
Description	''Sharper'' is the attribute of something that experienced a ''SharpeningAnObject'' Event.
Super-classes	ComparativeAttributeValue^c

Sharply^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sharply

Description

''Sharply'' is an adverb typically modifying a past participle that is serving as indicating a high degree of some attribute, of various kinds, imparted by the action of that particple.

      @ToDo1439: This Type includes most meanings, and those need to be distinguished.

      Includes adverb senses 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 'sharply' in WordNet:
        1. (14) aggressively, sharply - (in an aggressive manner; 
           'she was being sharply questioned')
    2. (3) sharply, crisply - (in a well delineated manner; 
        'the new style of Minoan pottery was sharply defined')
    3. (2) sharply, sharp, acutely - (changing suddenly in direction and degree; 
        'the road twists sharply after the light'; 'turn sharp left here'; 
        'the visor was acutely peaked'; 'her shoes had acutely pointed toes')
        4. precipitously, sharply - (very suddenly and to a great degree; 
             'conditions that precipitously increase the birthrate'; 
             'prices rose sharply')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

SharplyCurved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharplyCurved`
Description	''SharplyCurved'' is a subtype of ''Curved'' describing things whose degree of curvature (inversely proportional to the radius of curvature) is higher (lower radius) than what is average or typical for that kind of Object.
Super-classes	Curved^c

SharplyDefined^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SharplyDefined

Description

'SharplyDefined' is a subtype of 'Distinct' referring to sounds or visually perceived objects that are distinctly and sharply discriminated from the background; sharp-edge for objects in a visual field (as opposed to fuzzy or blurred); or having a loudness significantly higher than the background noise, for sounds.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sharp' in WordNet:
         1. (9) crisp, sharp - - ((of something seen or heard) clearly defined;
            'a sharp photographic image'; 'the sharp crack of a twig'; 
            'the crisp snap of dry leaves underfoot')

Super-classes Distinct^c

Shattered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shattered

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shattered' in Wordnet:
          1. shattered, tattered - (ruined or disrupted; 'our shattered dreams 
              of peace and prosperity'; 'a tattered remnant of its former strength'; 
              'my torn and tattered past')

Super-classes Fragmented^c
Broken^c

Shattering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shattering`
Description	Each ''Shattering'' is a ''BurstingApart' that occurs suddenly and produces more than two pieces (fragments). If a breaking Action produces only two pieces, it is a ''SplittingInTwo''. This Event is commonly observed for glass or ceramic objects. This is a breaking for a ''BrittleObject'' `NOTE: This is the intransitive sense of something shattering; for the transitive sense of the Action that causes this, use ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' This represents the intransitive verb sense 1 of 'shatter' in WordNet: 1. (12) shatter - (break into many pieces; 'The wine glass shattered') WN verb 'fragment': (intransitive sense) 1. break up, fragment, fragmentize, fragmentise - (break or cause to break into pieces; 'The plate fragmented')`
Super-classes	BurstingApart^c SplittingApart^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BrittleObject^c produces^op value Fragment^c mayBeCausedBy^op value BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c

Shaved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shaved

Description

CYC: An attribute for describing a level of hair coverage: in this case, none, because it has been shaved off.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shaved' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) shaven, shaved - (having the beard or hair cut off close to the skin)

Super-classes Hairless^c
PastParticiple^c

Shaving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shaving`
Description	''Shaving'' is ''CuttingHair'' close to the skin so as to expose the skin. This is most commonly for facial hair, but is also done for hair on other parts of the body. It can be done as a pre-operative procedure, not just for beautification. In addition to a ''CuttingSomething'' event, this is also a ''RemovingSomething'' Event, as the hair that is cut is effectively removed. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'shave' in Wordnet: 1. (8) shave - (remove body hair with a razor) 2. (1) shave, trim - (cut closely; 'trim my beard')`
Super-classes	FacialCare^c CuttingHair^c RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value HairObject^c hadObjectMoved^op value HairObject^c
Sub-classes	ShearingSheep^c

ShavingCream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShavingCream`
Description	Generic shaving cream, including creams, foams, and gels. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shaving cream' in WordNet: 1. shaving cream, shaving soap - (toiletry consisting of a preparation of soap and fatty acids that forms a rich lather for softening the beard before shaving)`
Super-classes	ToiletrySubstance^c Lubricant^c Paste^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op some EventType^c

ShavingKit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShavingKit`
Description	A ''ShavingKit'' is a ''KitAndContents'' in which the contents are ''MakeupObject''s. @mod49
Super-classes	KitAndContents^c Equipment^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value Razor^c isUsedInAction^op value Shaving^c hasContents^op value ShavingCream^c

Shawl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shawl`
Description	A simple piece of cloth designed to be worn over the shoulders as an outer garment, having no sleeves, pockets or other attachments to the basic cloth. `Corresponds to the RHW 'shawl': a square, triangular, or oblong piece of wool or other material worn, esp. by women, about the shoulders, or the head and shoulders, in place of a coat or hat outdoors, and indoors as protection against chill or dampness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shawl' in WordNet: 1. (2) shawl - (cloak consisting of an oblong piece of cloth used to cover the head and shoulders)`
Super-classes	Cloak^c Wrap^c
Sub-classes	Serape^c

Sheaf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sheaf`
Description	A ''Sheaf'' is a ''Bundle'' consisting of multiple PhysicalObjects that have a shape allowing tight compaction, such as a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' or a ''Cord'', and which have been tightly compacted. The component Objects may be bound together by a cord, such as in a bundle of papers `See''Faggot'' and ''SheafOfCords'' for bundles of rods, cords, and other long thin things. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'sheaf' in WordNet: 1. (1) bundle, sheaf - (a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing)`
Super-classes	Bundle^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Faggot^c

SheafOfCords^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheafOfCords`
Description	A ''SheafOfCords'' is a ''Faggot' consisting of multiple ''Cord''s, each attached at one end to a common base. The cords may be folded over so that they are actually attached at the middle, such a middle of a cord will be considered as the 'end' for this purpose, considering the middle as the end of each half of the cord, `This is the set of strings or cords that hang loose in a ''Tassel''.`
Super-classes	Faggot^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op only Cord^c

ShearStrength^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShearStrength

Description

This is an AttributeType. The AttributeValues that instantiate this type have not yet (r885) been created.

    CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each
        instance of #$ShearStrength is a specific capacity of some
        physical object to resist the slipping of one segment in
        relation to another.  Shear strengths are designated using a
        #$GenericValueFunction; higher value means more resistance
        to slippage.  Shear strengths of objects are indicated with
        the predicate #$shearStrengthOfObject.

Super-classes Strength^c

ShearingSheep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShearingSheep`
Description	'ShearingSheep'' is a ''Shaving'' of Sheep with the purpose of harvesting the wool and using it,mostly for clothing. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'shear' in WordNet: 2. fleece, shear - (shear the wool from; "shear sheep")`
Super-classes	Shaving^c
Restrictions	produces^op value SheepWool^c hadObjectModified^op value Sheep-Domestic^c

ShearingaPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShearingaPlant`
Description	''ShearingaPlant'' is a ''PruningaPlant''
Super-classes	PruningaPlant^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Shears^c

Shears^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shears`
Description	There are several types of ''Shears'' - the kind used for pruning hedges requires two hands, one on each handle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shears' in WordNet: 1. shears - (large scissors with strong blades)`
Super-classes	HandTool^c Scissors^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	Snips^c

Sheath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sheath`
Description	A ''Sheath'' is a ''ProtectiveCovering'' that has a (approximately) tubular cross-secton and is longer than it is wide. This is the most generic 'sheath' which includes artifacts and natural organic objects that protect parts of plants or animals. `NOTE: the generic 'sheath' does not appear directly in WN, but this type can be viewed as sense 2 of 'sheath' (which references sense 1) in the Oxford dictionary: 1. a case or covering for the blade of a knife, sword, etc 2. any similar close-fitting case Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'sheath' in WordNet: 1. (2) sheath - (a protective covering for a knife or sword)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinObject^c ProtectiveCovering^c TubularObject^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value CoveringSomething^c
Sub-classes	OrganismSheath^c

Shedding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shedding`
Description	The shedding (falling from the body of an animal) of hair or dandruff or skin - or anything else that might be in the surface of the body. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'shed' in Wordnet: 4. shed, molt, exuviate, moult, slough - (cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers; 'our dog sheds every Spring')`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	emits^op value BodySurfaceSubstance^c

Sheen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sheen`
Description	''Sheen'' is a form of ''Radiance'' possessed by an Object due to reflection from a ''Shiny'' object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheen' in WordNet: 1. shininess, sheen, luster, lustre - (the visual property of something that shines with reflected light)`
Super-classes	Radiance^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value ShiningByReflection^c isCausedBy^op value Reflecting^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Shiny^c isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Shiny^c
Sub-classes	Gloss^c

Sheep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sheep`
Description	Any sheep,wild or domestic. `NOTE: SUMO restricts this to domestic sheep, but COSMO follows the Cyc usage. SUMO: A domesticated HoofedMammal that is bred for its wool and for its meat (known as mutton). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheep' in WordNet: 1. (14) sheep - (woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat)`
Super-classes	Ruminant^c HoofedMammal^c HerdAnimal^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Wool^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woolly^c
Sub-classes	Ram^c Lamb^c Sheep-Domestic^c Ewe^c

Sheep-Domestic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sheep-Domestic`
Description	A domestic sheep. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheep' in WordNet: 1. (14) sheep - (woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat)`
Super-classes	DomesticatedAnimal^c Sheep^c
Restrictions	providesMeat^op value Mutton^c

SheepDog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheepDog`
Description	A subtype of ''WorkingDog''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheepdog' in WordNet: 1. shepherd dog, sheepdog, sheep dog - (any of various usually long-haired breeds of dog reared to herd and guard sheep)`
Super-classes	WorkingDog^c
Sub-classes	Collie^c

SheepWool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheepWool`
Description	Wool from sheep. `Corresponds to part (from sheep) of noun sense 2 of 'wool' in WordNet: 2. wool - (fiber sheared from animals (such as sheep) and twisted into yarn for weaving)`
Super-classes	Wool^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ShearingSheep^c isObtainedFrom^op value Sheep^c

Sheepskin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sheepskin`
Description	An Object made of Leather from a sheep. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sheepskin' in WordNet: 1. (1) sheepskin, fleece - (tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing) 2. parchment, sheepskin, lambskin - (skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on)`
Super-classes	LeatherObject^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Sheep^c

SheetArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetArtifact`
Description	A solid FreeSheet that is an ArtifactObject; pieces of paper, credit cards, bed sheets, ''SheetOfMetal'' etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'sheet' in WordNet: 6. sheet, flat solid - (a flat artifact that is thin relative to its length and width)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c FreeSheet^c
Sub-classes	Bandage^c WallPaperSheet^c MetalPlate^c Towel^c Screen^c Mat^c Banner^c TableMat^c Napkin^c LeatherObject^c Fender^c FabricObject^c DefensiveWall^c CurrencyBill^c PieceOfPlasticFilm^c BedCover^c CarHood^c Flag^c SmallRigidSheet^c Fence^c Railing^c

SheetLike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetLike`
Description	The property of an object that is thin in one dimension but extended in the other two dimensions more than ten times the length of the thin dimension. NOTE that this property can be of a solid, liquid, or gas, and may be a transient property for liquids and gases. `The notion of 'Sheetlike' does not require that the Object or Substance having that property consists of a single unbroken sheet. One can talk about the plating on a set of silver-plated tableware as being 'Sheetlike' even though there are many individual sheets. The continuity notion of substance shape only requires that any given object that has that property, if divided in two, still has that property.`
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	WebLike^c Fuzzy^c DiskShaped^c

SheetOfMetal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetOfMetal`
Description	A ''SheetOfMetal'' is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' made of some''Metal'' - the sheet may be free, or bonded to another Object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheet metal' in WordNet: 1. (2) sheet metal - (sheet of metal formed into a thin plate)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c MetalObject^c SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some MetalType^c
Sub-classes	MetalPlate^c RoofFlashing^c

SheetOfPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetOfPaper`
Description	A thin sheet of paper that will hang down when one end is held horizontally; '30 pounds' or less in rated weight. It can be smoothly calendered for writing, or Absorbent like a paper towel. A SheetOfPaper is still a SheetOfPaper if it is fixed to some other object and cannot fold freely, such as wallpaper; the characteristics refer to its properties when it is first created as a SheetOfPaper. NOTE for a sheet of writing paper, use ''SheetOfWritingPaper''. @ToDo: how to express the possibility of characteristics being restrained while retaining identity? NOTE the WN gloss suggests that this is for writing or printing, but this includes sheets of any kind of paper, including paper towels, facial tissue or toilet paper. The subtypes can be more specific. Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense of 'sheet' in WordNet, including paper sheets that are not used for writing (see 'PaperHanky' below); for writing paper, use 'SheetOfWritingPaper'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'sheet of paper' in WordNet: 2. (11) sheet, piece of paper, sheet of paper - - (used for writing or printing)
Super-classes	FreeSheet^c PaperObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Limp^c
Sub-classes	CurrencyBill^c PaperTowel^c SheetOfWritingPaper^c PaperNapkin^c Check-TenderObject^c PerforatedPaperObject^c PaperHanky^c RollOfAbsorbentPaper^c Photocopy^c CheckForm^c Blotter^c

SheetOfSomeStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetOfSomeStuff`
Description	COSMO note: This is a ''PhysicalObject'' with two extended dimensions and a third dimension substantially shorter than the other two. It may be rigid or flexible, it may be free (not part of a larger object, a ''FreeSheet'') or contained within a larger object (a surface or interior slice) NOTE that this is a subtype of ''TwoDimensionalThing'' but is in fact three-dimensional, as that type can describe PhysicalObjects that are approximately two-dimensional. It is not necessarily impermeable, unless it has the ''Impermeable'' attribute. It could be porous or have holes, like a ''PieceOfCloth'' or a screen. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalObject. Each instance of #$SheetOfSomeStuff is a partially tangible thing which (in its intrinsic shape - see #$CurrentShapeVsIntrinsicShape) is continuous and, when flattened, uncrumpled, unfurled, etc., has one dimension which is significantly smaller than the other two dimensions. Although each instance of #$SheetOfSomeStuff is a _continuous_ sheet, it may be penetrable, so #$Screen-Mesh, #$Netting, and #$LaceCloth are specializations of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Instances of #$SheetOfSomeStuff may be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. An instance of #$Puddle on a relatively flat surface (but not in a deep pothole) or an instance of #$AltoStratusCloud would be instances of this collection. Note that being an instance of #$SheetOfSomeStuff implies nothing about the current configuration of the instance; in particular, instances of #$SheetOfSomeStuff need not be perpetually lying flat. For example, aluminum foil on a roll or a bedspread crumpled up on a bed are instances of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Cf. #$SheetShaped. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'sheet' in WordNet (a surface part of an object is not included): in WordNet: 1. (12) sheet - (any broad thin expanse or surface; 'a sheet of ice')
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalSolidObject^c SpatiallyContinuousThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value SheetLike^c
Sub-classes	Poncho^c FlyswatterBlade^c Transparency^c LongSheet^c Meninges^c Tapis^c Board^c Shell^c TreeBark^c Crust^c Cuff^c Condom^c Curtain^c CanvasSheet^c Wrapper^c SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c Shingle^c Photograph^c TransparentPlate^c Grillwork^c AnimalShell^c TableCovering^c Eardrum^c Toga^c WaterBodyBed^c GroupOfPhotographs^c WallHanging^c SheetOfMetal^c Skin^c Roof^c Scale-AnimalBodyPart^c FlatPlate^c Flap^c SliceOfSomething^c LipidBilayer^c Window^c Bedcloth^c FreeSheet^c Sticker-Adhesive^c ExposedFilmSheet^c MovieFilm^c Palette^c PhysicalPage^c Pericardium^c Puddle^c DeskPad^c Cracker^c Membrane^c Epiglottis^c Hammock^c Ceiling^c Scroll^c Layer^c ContraceptiveDiaphragm^c IceFloe^c SheetlikeBarrier^c NoticeSign^c Placenta^c

SheetOfWritingPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetOfWritingPaper`
Description	A 'SheetOfPaper' that is of a size and color designed to be used for writing or printing. This includes sheets that already have writing on them, including printed documents. The main characteristic is the size, and light color of the background. `For the kind of writing paper sold blank or only with some 'letterhead' printed on it, use subtype ''Stationery''. WN 'sheet' (part): 2. (11) sheet, piece of paper, sheet of paper - - (used for writing or printing)`
Super-classes	SheetOfPaper^c WritingSurfaceProduct^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 40.0^c hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 30.0^c hasShape^op value SheetLike^c enablesOrAssists^op value Printing^c enablesOrAssists^op value Writing^c
Sub-classes	Stationery^c

SheetType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetType`
Description	Each instance of ''SheetType'' is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
Members	TableCovering LongSheet Wrapper Photograph Overlap DeskPad Lapel Layer FreeSheet MovieFilm SheetlikeBarrier NoticeSign MulchLayer Transparency Meninges Board Window SheetOfSomeStuff Sticker-Adhesive TreeBark Flap SliceOfSomething Curtain SurfaceOnTangibleObject Shingle Hem Skin SheetOfMetal RoofFlashing LanternSlide Hammock FlatPlate WindowPane

SheetlikeBarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetlikeBarrier`
Description	A 'SheetlikeBarrier' may or may not be an artifact. Biological membranes, piece of skin, etc. are included here, as well as semipermeable membranes that are artifactual. Objects that block light (e.g. a 'LampShade' or open awning or umbrella) are also included, as are 'Screen's.
Super-classes	BarrierObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some (PassingThroughOrBySomething^c or ActionType^c or ProcessType^c)
Sub-classes	Septum^c ExteriorWall^c TissueMembrane^c LampShade^c Screen^c Interface^c BasketballNet^c

SheetlikeSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SheetlikeSubstance`
Description	Any substance that must be in a sheet-like form. Things like 'foil' and 'fabric' made of a specific substance will necessarily have a sheetlike shape..
Super-classes	SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SheetLike^c
Sub-classes	StainedGlass^c WaxedPaper^c Netting^c TapeStuff^c PlasticFilm^c StrawFabric^c WrapperStuff^c Sandpaper^c PlateGlass^c WallPaper^c CoveringMaterial^c Paper^c Fabric^c Film-SheetOrCoating^c Caning^c TiffanyGlass^c PaperSheeting^c

Shelf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shelf`
Description	This refers to any shelf that may be on the wall in a room, or part of a piece of furniture or appliance. The shelves of a movable bookcase as well as the built-in shelves in a closet are examples. A Shelf is a Board, so a ledge carved into a larger object, such as stone, is not a 'Shelf'; a Shelf must be a free SheetOfSomeStuff at some point in its development, before attaching to a support. `In Cyc called 'ShelfInABuilding' NOTE that in COSMO we broaden this to include shelves on the outside of a building, such as horizontal window ledges. See subtype ''WindowLedge''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shelf' in WordNet: 1. (8) shelf - - (a support that consists of a horizontal surface for holding objects)`
Super-classes	StorageConstructInABuilding^c Board^c SupportingObject^c HorizontalSurface^c
Sub-classes	Mantel^c WindowLedge^c Bookshelf^c

Shell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shell`
Description	The most general sense of 'shell' as a hard external covering of some object, including animal shells and the shells of nuts and eggs. The shell is a proper part of the thing it covers, distinguishing it from other kinds of covering. This is usually used for animals and parts of organisms, but can be used for inanimate things, `Includes noun senses 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 of 'shell' in WordNet: 2. (3) shell - (the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals) 3. (2) carapace, shell, cuticle, shield - (hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles) 4. shell - (the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts) 5. shell, eggshell - (the exterior covering of a bird's egg) 10. shell - (the hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusc)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c EnvelopingCovering^c Covering^c ProtectiveObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c
Sub-classes	ClamShell^c SeedShell^c Pericarp^c EggShell^c SeaShell^c Burr^c NutShell^c

ShellSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShellSubstance`
Description	Any of the substances which make up most of the material in an animal shell; it may be largely calcium carbonate (as in many sea critters) or chitin. This type includes all such substances. This aggregate class is included mostly to specify the hard quality of such shell material. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shell' in WordNet: 2. (3) shell - (the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op some Animal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c

Shellfish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shellfish`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Mollusks and #$Crustaceans that people commonly eat and that have shells. They are aquatic invertebrates, and are not actually #$Fish. `Subtypes are ''Mollusk'' and ''Crustacean''. Corresponds to the broader category including noun sense 2 of 'shellfish' in WordNet: 2. mollusk, mollusc, shellfish - (invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell)`
Super-classes	Invertebrate^c AquaticOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Crayfish^c Crab^c Mollusk^c Crustacean^c

Shellfish-Food^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shellfish-Food`
Description	''Shellfish-Food'' is the ''Seafood'' derived from one or more ''Shellfish''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shellfish' in WordNet: 1. shellfish - (meat of edible aquatic invertebrate with a shell (especially a mollusk or crustacean))`
Super-classes	Seafood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Shellfish^c

Shelter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shelter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 2. (3) shelter - (protective covering that provides protection from the weather)`
Super-classes	ProtectiveSystem^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Sub-classes	GrandstandRoof^c Canopy^c

ShelterConstruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShelterConstruction`
Description	A specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact. Each instance of #$ShelterConstruction is an artifact built by some agent, including but not limited to humans, and intended for use as a shelter. Instances of #$ShelterConstruction include bird nests, termite mounds, beaver dams, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, the #$PalaceOfFineArts-SanFrancisco, and the #$NewYorkHiltonAtBroadway. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 1. (56) shelter - (a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger)`
Super-classes	ProtectiveObject^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasThingProtected^op value Animal^c enablesOrAssists^op value ShelteringAnAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Doghouse^c Aquarium^c Carport^c Barn^c BirdHouse^c FarmStable^c ChickenCoop^c Winery^c Sanctuary^c Bakery^c Brewery^c HumanShelterConstruction^c PenalInstitution^c

Sheltered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sheltered

Description

'''Sheltered'' is a subattribute of 'Protected'' for Places that provide some protection from weather. This termmay be used for places that provide safety from molestation by people.

      This is not only a ''PastParticiple'' but can also apply to natural locations that
         are not man-made.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sheltered' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) sheltered - (protected from danger or bad weather; 'a sheltered harbor')

Super-classes Protected^c

ShelteredPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShelteredPlace`
Description	A ''ShelteredPlace'' is a ''GenericLocation'' that provides protection from weather or sun.
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sheltered^c

ShelteringAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShelteringAnAnimal`
Description	'ShelteringAnAnimal' is a type of 'ProtectingPassively' in which some inanimate object protects some animal(s) (usually people) from harm or inconvenience of outdoor things. This is not a function that can usually be accomplished by a natural object (e.g. a cave), but as a 'designFunction' is usually done by an artifact. If a natural object is modified to assist the shelterin task, its function can then be considered as a 'DstignFunction'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 1. (1) shelter - (provide shelter for; 'After the earthquake, the government could not provide shelter for the thousands of homeless people')`
Super-classes	ProtectingPassively^c
Sub-classes	ShelteringPeople^c

ShelteringPeople^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShelteringPeople

Description

''ShelteringPeople is a 'ShelteringAnAnimal' in which the 'Animal'' is one or more ''Person''s.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shelter' in WordNet:
        1. (1) shelter - (provide shelter for; 'After the earthquake, the government could 
           not provide shelter for the thousands of homeless people')

Super-classes ShelteringAnAnimal^c

Shepherd^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shepherd`
Description	A ''Herder'' who keeps watch over ''Sheep''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shepherd' in WordNet: 2. (1) sheepherder, shepherd, sheepman - (a herder of sheep (on an open range); someone who keeps the sheep together in a flock)`
Super-classes	Herder^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value Sheep^c

Sheriff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sheriff`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheriff' in WordNet: 1. (7) sheriff - (the principal law-enforcement officer in a county)`
Super-classes	LawEnforcementOfficer^c HeadOfAnOrganization^c Manager^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value CountyPoliceDepartment^c typicallyManages^op value CountyPoliceDepartment^c isAssociatedWithAgent^op value CountyPoliceDepartment^c isEmployedBy^op value County^c

Sherry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sherry`
Description	`MWD 'sherry': a fortified wine with a nutty flavor Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sherry' in WordNet: 1. (3) sherry - (dry to sweet amber wine from the Jerez region of southern Spain or similar wines produced elsewhere; usually drunk as an aperitif)`
Super-classes	FortifiedWine^c
Restrictions	hasAttribute^op value FortifiedWithAlcohol^c

Shh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shh`
Description	''Shh'' is an interjection that is used to mean 'be quiet'or 'stop talking'.
Super-classes	Interjection^c

Shield^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shield

Description

SUMO: An Artifact that is held by the hand or whole arm and is used to prevent injuries from Weapons.

        A shield used for battle.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shield' in WordNet:
           2. (2) shield, buckler - (armor carried on the arm to intercept blows)

Super-classes DefenseSystem^c
Armor^c
ShieldDevice^c
Artifact-NonAgentive^c

ShieldDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShieldDevice`
Description	A ''ShieldDevice'' is a ''ProtectiveCovering'' that is designed to protect a ''Person'' from some Object that could injure the Person if it case into contact with some part of the body. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shield' in WordNet: 1. (3) shield - (a protective covering or structure)`
Super-classes	ProtectiveCovering^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ProtectingaPersonPassively^c
Sub-classes	FaceShield^c Shield^c

Shifting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shifting`
Description	''Shifting'' is an attribute used to characterize things that can change at unpredictable intervals. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shifting' in Wordnet: 1. (2) shifting - (continuously varying; 'taffeta with shifting colors')`
Super-classes	Changing^c
Sub-classes	ShiftingPosition^c

ShiftingPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShiftingPosition`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'shifting' in Wordnet: 2. shifting, shifty - (changing position or direction; 'he drifted into the shifting crowd'; 'their nervous shifting glances'; 'shifty winds')`
Super-classes	Shifting^c
Sub-classes	Unfirm^c

ShiitePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShiitePerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Shiite' in WordNet: 1. Shiite, Shi'ite, Shiite Muslim, Shi'ite Muslim, Shia Muslim - (a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs)`
Super-classes	MuslimPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shiitic^c
Sub-classes	Imam-Shiite^c

Shiitic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shiitic`
Description	`No Wn adjective 'Shiite'. In RHW the only related adjective is ''Shiitic'.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Shimmering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shimmering

Description

''Shimmering'' is an attribute characterizing objects that reflect light in a cyclic lighter-darker pattern, typically due to some movement of the object or of the light source.

         'shimmering ornaments on the Christmas tree'.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ShimmeringEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShimmeringEvent

Description

This ''ShimmeringEvent'' includes the reflecting of a weak light as well as the 'shimmering' that is a cyclic reflection of higher and lower intensities of light. These two might be distinguished - if a clear logical distinction can be found; light from leaves tend to cycle in intensity due to motion if they are still fo the 'shimmer'?. Moving water can 'shimmer' in sunlight or moonlight due to its motion. More examples needed. @ToDo.

          Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'shimmer' (distinction is unclear)  
            in WordNet:
            1. shimmer - (shine with a weak or fitful light; 'Beech leaves shimmered in the moonlight')
            2. shimmer - (give off a shimmering reflection, as of silk)

Super-classes Glistening^c

Shin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shin`
Description	This is the front lower part of a ''HumanLeg''. Why does CYC gloss say 'rear'?? `CYC: The collection of all rear regions of #$LowerLegs in humans and some other animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shin' in WordNet: 1. (2) shin - (the front part of the human leg between the knee and the ankle)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c HumanBodyPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value HumanLeg^c isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KneeAndAnkle^c

Shingle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shingle`
Description	A ''ConstructionObject'' that is a thin flat ''SmallObject'' placed on sloping roofs or walls in overlapping layers to prevent water from rain or snow from seeping into the structure beneath. The materials vary, commonly asphalt or asbestos for roofs, or wood or plastic for outer walls, but this includes stone (e.g. slate) or baked clay tiles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shingle in WordNet: 1. shingle, shake - (building material used as siding or roofing)`
Super-classes	BuildingSiding^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c SmallObject^c Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op some SurfaceObjectType^c isDesignedToCover^op some SurfaceObjectType^c typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value BuildingMaterial^c

Shingles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shingles`
Description	CYC 'Shingles-Ailment': A very painful adult disease caused by the same #$Virus (varicella zoster virus) that causes #$ChickenPox usually in children. `RHW: a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, esp. by reactivated virus in an older person, characterized by skin eruptions and pain along the course of involved sensory nerves. Also called herpes zoster. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shingles' in WordNet: 1. herpes zoster, zoster, shingles - (eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia)`
Super-classes	Herpes^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value HerpesZosterVirus^c

Shingling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shingling`
Description	CYC: A roofing task in which shingles are applied to a roof. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shingling' in WordNet: 2. shingling - (the laying on of shingles; 'shingling is a craft very different from carpentry')`
Super-classes	RoofingaStructure^c ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Roof^c hadThingTransferred^op value Shingle^c

Shining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shining`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shining' in Wordnet: 1. (2) shining - (marked by exceptional merit; 'had shining virtues and few faults'; 'a shining example')`
Super-classes	Excellent^c Conspicuous^c

ShiningByReflection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShiningByReflection`
Description	A 'LightPropagationEvent' in which some object is brighter than its surroundings, due to reflected light. 'The cat's eyes were shining back at them'; 'the snow-clad peaks shone brightly in the sunlight'. `NOTE:@ToDO: is this a subevent of ''Reflecting''? Possible, but only for objects that emit a ''Sheen'' - not just for any reflected ight. @1247 caused by reflecting; st of 'reflection'? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shine' in WordNet: 1. (9) reflect, shine - (be bright by reflecting or casting light; 'Drive carefully - the wet road reflects')`
Super-classes	ShiningLight^c Reflecting^c LightPropagationEvent^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Reflecting^c causes^op value Sheen^c
Sub-classes	Glistening^c

ShiningLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShiningLight`
Description	A 'LightPropagationEvent' in which some object is brighter than its surroundings, due to emitted light. 'The stars shone brightly' This is the VisibleLight emitted from the Object. `"beingluminous"? Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'shine' in WordNet: 2. (6) shine, beam - - (emit light; be bright, as of the sun or a light; 'The sun shone bright that day'; 'The fire beamed on their faces')`
Super-classes	LightPropagationEvent^c EmittingLight^c
Restrictions	produces^op value VisibleLight^c
Sub-classes	Incandescence^c ShiningByReflection^c EmittingaGlow^c GlaringLight^c

ShiningOnAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShiningOnAnObject`
Description	'ShiningOnAnObject' is an Event in which a ray of light (a ''"LightPropagationEvent"'') impinges on some Object and causes it to become ''Visible''). This is the final SubEvent of ''IlluminatingSomething''.
Super-classes	MakingSomethingNoticeable^c
Restrictions	causes^op value BeingVisible^c isaSubEventOf^op value IlluminatingSomething^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Visible^c

Shinnying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shinnying

Description

''Shinnying'' is a manner of ''Climbing'' up a vertical post, pole, or tree by grasping the arms and legs around the pole or tree, and pushing up with the feet and pulling up with the hands. Sometimes this is the only way to ascend a tree when there are no climbing cleats or grasping tools available.

       NOTE: 'sputter' is not in RHW in this sense, has been omitted to avoid
           confusion.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shinny' in WordNet:
          1. clamber, scramble, shin, shinny, skin,
               struggle, sputter - (climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling)

Super-classes Climbing^c

Shiny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shiny`
Description	Shiny. Includes adjective senses 1and 3 of 'shiny' in Wordnet: 1. (2) glistening, glossy, lustrous, sheeny, shiny, shining - (reflecting light; 'glistening bodies of swimmers'; 'the horse's glossy coat'; 'lustrous auburn hair'; 'saw the moon like a shiny dime on a deep blue velvet carpet'; 'shining white enamel') 3. bright, burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny - (made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow; 'bright silver candlesticks'; 'a burnished brass knocker'; 'she brushed her hair until it fell in lustrous auburn waves'; 'rows of shining glasses'; 'shiny black patents')
Super-classes	HighReflectance^c
Sub-classes	Silky^c

ShinyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShinyObject`
Description	A ''ShinyObject'' is a PhysicalObject that is ''Shiny''.
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shiny^c
Sub-classes	Sequin^c

Ship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ship`
Description	A Ship is a large Vessel. The minimum size to be considered a ship will vary with the speaker, but will generally be at least 30 meters long. NOTE that occasionally a Ship will be referred to as a 'boat', but that word is not yet listed as a synonym. `A large yacht that can go on the Ocean is included. Cyc: #$Ship is a specialization of #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, #$PoweredDevice, and #$Watercraft-Surface. Each instance of #$Ship is a typically large and ocean-going vessel. Notable specializations of #$Ship include #$ModernNavalShip, #$CargoShip, and #$OceanLiner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ship' in WordNet: 1. (49) ship - - (a vessel that carries passengers or freight)`
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c Watercraft-Surface^c Vessel^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 3000.0^c
Sub-classes	Trawler^c AbandonedShip^c Yacht^c CargoShip^c ModernNavalShip^c Ferry^c PirateShip^c SteamShip^c

ShipCabin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipCabin`
Description	A ''ShipCabin'' is a 'Room' located on a ship. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cabin' in WordNet: 1. (5) cabin - (small room on a ship or boat where people sleep)`
Super-classes	StorageConstructInABuilding^c Room^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Person^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SleepingEvent^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Ship^c

ShipCanal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipCanal

Description

A ''ShipCanal is a ''ShippingCanal''large and deep enough to accommodate seagoing ships.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ship canal' in WordNet:
           1. ship canal, shipway - (a canal large enough for seagoing vessels)

Super-classes ShippingCanal^c

ShipCrew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipCrew`
Description	A ''Crew'' who work together to perform functions on a boat of any kind that requires more than one person to operate. Includes those who maintain the mechanical functions of the ship as well as those (as on a cruise ship) who serve the passengers. . `Corresponds to part (for boats, not aircraft) of noun sense 1 of 'crew' in WordNet: 1. (15) crew - (the men who man a ship or aircraft)`
Super-classes	WorkCrew^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Ship^c
Sub-classes	PirateCrew^c

ShipGalley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipGalley`
Description	A ''ShipGalley'' is a ''GalleyKitchen'' on a ''Ship''. `Correspoonds to noun sense 4 of 'galley' in WordNet: 4. galley, ship's galley, caboose, cookhouse - (the area for food preparation on a ship)`
Super-classes	GalleyKitchen^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value CookingFood^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Ship^c

ShipIdentifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipIdentifier`
Description	A ShipIdentifier is any AbstractSymbolicObject used to identify a ship (vessel, watercraft). It is usually an AbstractString, but may be iconic. It can be a name or a code assigned to a ship by a CodingAuthority. The actual physical symbolic objects affixed to a ship as identification are related to ShipIdentifier by the 'hasPhysicalRepresentation' relation..
Super-classes	Identifier^c
Restrictions	identifies^op some Vessel^c

ShipOrTrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipOrTrain`
Super-classes	TransportationDevice^c

Shipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shipment`
Description	A ''Shipment'' is any 'Package' that has been or is being transported by some ''TransportationOrganization''. This is not for letters or other flat objects delivered by the USPS (see ''Mail''), but includes parcels delivered by other shipping services such as UPS, DHL, or FedEx. This is for packages delivered directly to the addressee (especially at their residence), and not for large ''Cargo'' delivered to a port or a railroad terminal (see ''Cargo''). `Corresponds to part (for any package shipped, not a full 'load') of noun sense 1 of 'shipment' and part of noun sense 4 of 'parcel' in WordNet: 1. (3) cargo, lading, freight, load, loading, payload, shipment, consignment - (goods carried by a large vehicle) WN noun 'parcel': 4. package, bundle, packet, parcel - (a collection of things wrapped or boxed together)`
Super-classes	Package^c ObjectGroup^c RoleInAnEvent^c HumanScaleObject^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op value TransportationServiceEvent^c

Shipping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shipping`
Description	An Event consisting of the shipping of objects from one physical location to another, using a TransportationDevice. Shipping from the perspective of being done as a dedicated service, such as what UPS, the US Postal Service, or Dominoes Pizza Delivery might do. This is a subtype of ServiceEvent, and will not be used to describe the transporting of things by a person for his/her own purposes. Shipping involves a third party doing the shipping, in addition to the sender and receiver. SUMO: Shipping is the subclass of Transportation events in which goods are transported from one place to another by an agent who is entrusted with the goods temporarily just in order to move them. Shipping may be done within an organization or it may be done by an outside commercial agent. See CommercialShipping. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ship', sense 4 of 'transport' and sense 4 of 'send' and sense 2 of 'haul' in WordNet: 4. (14) transport, send, ship - - (transport commercially) WN verb 'haul': 2. (5) haul - (transport in a vehicle; 'haul stones from the quarry in a truck'; 'haul vegetables to the market')
Super-classes	TransportationServiceEvent^c
Sub-classes	Exporting^c GatheringFromPeople^c Importing^c MovingHouseholdStuff^c HaulingTrash^c ShippingByWater^c

ShippingByWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShippingByWater`
Description	''ShippingByWater'' is the transportation of one or more PhysicalObjects in some form of ''Boat'', usually a large ''Ship''. This includes oceant transportation on large ships as well as stream of canal transportation in a berge.
Super-classes	Shipping^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Watercraft^c occursAt^op value Waterway^c
Sub-classes	Navigation^c

ShippingCanal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShippingCanal`
Description	A ''ShippingCanal'' is a ''Canal'' built for shipping rather than as a conduit for irrigation water. For the large canals that accomodate seagoing ships use subtype ''ShipCanal'' `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'canal' in WordNet: 3. canal - (long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation)`
Super-classes	Waterway^c WaterSurfacePath^c Canal^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value Watercraft^c
Sub-classes	ShipCanal^c

ShippingLane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShippingLane`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$WaterSurfacePath that are customary paths for shipping traffic either internationally (see #$ImportExportEvent) or intranationally. Instances of #$ShippingLane may or may not be contained within (#$TerritorialSeaFn COUNTRY) for some instance of #$GeopoliticalEntity, COUNTRY. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea lane' in WordNet: 1. seaway, sea lane, ship route, trade route - (a lane at sea that is a regularly used route for vessels)`
Super-classes	BodyOfWater^c WaterSurfacePath^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value WaterTransportationVehicle^c

ShippingOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShippingOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$TransportationCompany-Provider. Each instance of #$ShippingOrganization is an organization whose main function is to ship objects for its customers. A notable specialization of #$ShippingOrganization is #$PostalService.
Super-classes	TransportationOrganization^c
Sub-classes	PostalService^c

ShipsBow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipsBow`
Description	The FrontPart of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' is the PhysicalObject that is the part in front of the middle point of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bow' in Wordnet: 3. (1) bow, fore, prow, stem - (front part of a vessel or aircraft; 'he pointed the bow of the boat toward the finish line')`
Super-classes	PartOfaShip^c EndOfAnObject^c FrontPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Boat^c

ShipsCargo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipsCargo`
Description	Each ''ShipsCargo'' is a ''Cargo'' carried by a ''Ship''. The ''Ship'' need not be a dedicated cargo ship, and the ''ShipsCargo'' can be any object(s) being transported other than passengers (including animals), including the personal belongings of passengers.
Super-classes	Cargo^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op some ShippingByWater^c

ShipsDeck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipsDeck`
Description	Any of the main horizontal supporting platforms in a ship (essentially, a type of 'floor' if a ship is viewed functionally as a structure) that extend all or most of the way from stem to stern and/or side to side, and support the things that the ship is carrying - the 'decks' (floor-like surfaces) of the ship. A small boat may have only one ''ShipDeck''. `NOTE: this is represented as the decks attached to the ''Hull'', but this includes the horizontal 'decks' above the Hull, as on large, cruise liners, so the ''attached'' is interpreted as directly or indirectly. Floors specifically and directly at the hull levle can be represented by a subtype when needed. @ToDo:check with ship experts on terminology? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deck' in WordNet: 1. (6) deck - (any of various platforms built into a vessel)`
Super-classes	Platform^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value Hull^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Boat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horizontal^c
Sub-classes	UpperDeck^c MainDeck^c

ShipsStern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipsStern`
Description	The ''RearPartOfAnObject'' of a ''Boat'' - the PhysicalObject that is part of a Boat behind the middle point. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stern' in WordNet: 1. (2) stern, after part, quarter, poop, tail - (the rear part of a ship)`
Super-classes	PartOfaShip^c RearPartOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Boat^c

Shipwreck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shipwreck`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shipwreck' in WordNet: 1. (1) shipwreck - (a wrecked ship (or a part of one))`
Super-classes	SunkenObject^c WreckedObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value BodyOfWater-Large^c isProducedByEventType^op value ShipwreckEvent^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op some Ship^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheWreckOfTheTitanic

ShipwreckEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShipwreckEvent`
Description	A ''ShipwreckEvent'' is an Accident that causes a 'Ship'' to sink. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shipwreck' in WordNet: 3. shipwreck, wreck - (an accident that destroys a ship at sea)`
Super-classes	Accident^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Injury-Object^c hadDamagedObject^op value Ship^c causes^op value Foundering^c produces^op value Shipwreck^c hadMainParticipant^op value Ship^c mayProduce^op value Castaway^c

Shipyard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shipyard

Description

CYC: The collection of shipyards. Each #$Shipyard is a place where ships or boats are constructed or repaired. If a shipyard is meant for repair there will be equipment for hauling the ships onto the shore.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shipyard' in WordNet:
          1. (1) shipyard - (a workplace where ships are built or repaired)

Super-classes ManufacturingFacility^c
OutdoorObject^c

Shire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shire`
Description	`NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Geopolitical agents from their areas or regions. This is the Agent - the same WN synset is used for area and region as well Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shire' in WordNet: 1. shire - (a former administrative district of England; equivalent to a county)`
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	wasaPartOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#England^c

ShirkingaDuty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShirkingaDuty`
Description	''ShirkingaDuty'' is an ''AvoidanceAction'' in which a Person avoids performing some task that is a form of 'duty' or job or responsibility - which can be minor or major. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shirk' in WordNet: 1. (2) fiddle, shirk, shrink from, goldbrick - (avoid (one's assigned duties); 'The derelict soldier shirked his duties')`
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c
Restrictions	isAnAttemptToAvoid^op value DoingOnesDuty^c

Shirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shirt`
Description	$Shirt is a specialization of #$Clothing-Top. `Each instance of #$Shirt is a clothing item that is worn to cover the upper part of the human torso, with openings for the neck and lower body, and either openings for, or sleeves encircling, the arms. Specializations of #$Shirt include #$LongSleeveShirt, #$Blouse, and #$TankTop. SUMO: An item of Clothing which covers the upper body of a Human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shirt' in WordNet: 1. (15) shirt - (a garment worn on the upper half of the body)`
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c Clothing-Top^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Chest-BodyPart^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Torso^c surrounds-3D^op value Chest-BodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Kurta^c DressShirt^c Blouse^c ShortSleeveShirt^c LongSleeveShirt^c

Shirtwaist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shirtwaist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shirtwaist' in WordNet: 1. shirtwaist, shirtwaister - (a blouse with buttons down the front; 'in England they call a shirtwaist a shirtwaister')`
Super-classes	Blouse^c

Shivering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shivering`
Description	A 'Shivering' is a 'Trembling' due to feeling cold. For Trembling due to other causes, use 'Trembling. `Includes verb sense 2 and part of noun sense 1 of 'shiver' in Wordnet: WN verb 'shiver': 2. (4) shiver, shudder - (shake, as from cold; 'The children are shivering - turn on the heat!') WN noun 'shiver': 1. (1) tremble, shiver, shake - (a reflex motion caused by cold or fear or excitement)`
Super-classes	Trembling^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some FeelingCold^c

Shoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoat`
Description	A weaned ''Piglet''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoat' in WordNet: 1. piglet, piggy, shoat, shote - (a young pig)`
Super-classes	Piglet^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Weaned^c

Shock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shock`
Description	An intense Feeling of surprise at something bad happening, that causes one to lose the normal ability to take effective action, or to respond thoughtfully. Cyc: The attribute-type associated with the feeling of surprise at the occurrence of something unexpected, unanticipated, or startling. A specialization of #$Surprise is #$Wonder-Admiration. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - - i.e. collections - - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) Includes noun senses 1 and 6 of 'shock' in WordNet: 1. (6) daze, shock, stupor - - (the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally; 'his mother's death left him in a daze'; 'he was numb with shock')
Super-classes	Surprise^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Shocked-Surprised^c

Shock-PhysiologicalCondition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shock-PhysiologicalCondition

Description

This is the collection of instances of shock. This is a condition characterized by greatly decreased blood pressure and circulation.

        Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'shock' in WordNet:
          4. (1) shock - - ((pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse 
            caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by 
            reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency
            and pallor; 'loss of blood is an important cause of shock")

Super-classes PhysiologicalCondition^c

Shocked-Surprised^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shocked-Surprised`
Description	''Shocked-Surprised'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who experienced a ''ShockingSomeone''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shocked' in Wordnet: 1. aghast, appalled, dismayed, shocked - (struck with fear, dread, or consternation)`
Super-classes	Surprised^c
Sub-classes	Dumbfounded^c

Shocking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shocking

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'shocking' in Wordnet:
          2. disgraceful, scandalous, shameful, shocking - 
             (giving offense to moral sensibilities and injurious to reputation;
             'scandalous behavior'; 'the wicked rascally shameful conduct of the bankrupt'- Thackeray;
             'the most shocking book of its time')

Super-classes Salient^c
Shameful^c

ShockingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShockingSomeone`
Description	Each 'ShockingSomeone' is an Event which causes an animal (usually a person) to become strongly surprised (experience 'Surprise'). This kind of Event may cause 'Shock' (stupefaction) or mere moral outrage. @ToDo: subtypes may be distinguished to correspond to the WordNet sense distinctions. The restriction requires that the Surprise Feeling be specified, so that the animal that is surprised is identified. The Event of 'SurprisingSomeone' can be caused by natural Events, or by the deliberate action of another animal. Therefore it is not necessarily an Action, though it often is. Includes senses 1, and 3 of 'shock' in WordNet: 1. (4) shock, stun, floor, ball over, blow out of the water, take aback - - (surprise greatly; knock someone's socks off; 'I was floored when I heard that I was promoted') 3. shock - - (strike with horror or terror; 'The news of the bombing shocked her') WN noun 'shock': 6. (1) shock, blow - - (an unpleasant or disappointing surprise; 'it came as a shock to learn that he was injured')
Super-classes	SurprisingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op some Shock^c
Sub-classes	GalvanizingSomeone^c

Shoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoe`
Description	A specialization of #$ClothingItem. Each instance of #$Shoe is a shoe (or shoelike thing) worn on the feet. Important specializations of #$Shoe include #$Boot-Footwear, #$Sandal, #$Slipper, and #$CasualShoe. Note that instances of the collection #$Shoe are single shoes; pairs of shoes are instances of the collection (#$PairFn #$Shoe). `SUMO: Clothing that is intended to be worn on the Foot. It consists of an upper, a sole, and a heel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoe' in WordNet: 1. (27) shoe - (footwear shaped to fit the foot (below the ankle) with a flexible upper of leather or plastic and a sole and heel of heavier material)`
Super-classes	ShoeOrBoot^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Foot^c
Sub-classes	Sandal^c SnowShoe^c WomansShoe^c Sneaker^c Cleats^c FlipperShoe^c BalletShoe^c Loafer^c Moccasin^c FormalShoe^c

ShoeBack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoeBack`
Description	A ''ShoeBack' is the rear part (of a ''Shoe'' that is behind and supports the ''Heel'' of the foot. .
Super-classes	RearPartOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	touchesDirectly^op value Heel^c isDirectlyAbove^op value ShoeHeel^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Shoe^c

ShoeHeel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoeHeel`
Description	CYC: The collection of footwear heels. The part of a ''ShoeOrBoot'' that is under the foot ''Heel'' but not under the 'FootSole' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heel' in WordNet: 1. (6) heel - (the bottom of a shoe or boot; the back part of a shoe or boot that touches the ground and provides elevation)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c BottomSide^c
Restrictions	isTheBottomPartOf^op some ShoeOrBoot^c isDirectlyBelow^op some Heel^c isNotaPartOf^op some Sandal^c
Sub-classes	ShoeHighHeel^c

ShoeHighHeel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoeHighHeel`
Description	Heels characteristic of some of women's shoes which make the woman look taller.
Super-classes	ShoeHeel^c
Restrictions	isTheBottomPartOf^op value WomansShoe^c hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c

ShoeOrBoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoeOrBoot`
Description	A ''ShoeOrBoot'' is something that is either a ''Shoe''' or a ''Boot''
Super-classes	FootwearItem^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Foot^c hasPhysicalPart^op value ShoeHeel^c
Sub-classes	Shoe^c Boot^c

ShoePolish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoePolish`
Description	A substance that is semisolid, used to make a smooth shiny surface on a shoe or other object with a leather-like surface. This is also called 'blacking' in WordNet, but that word is for any substance producing a black coating, and is represented in COSMO by the subtype ''BlackShoePolish''. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'shoe polish' (including colors other than ''Black'') in Wordnet: 1. shoe polish, blacking - (a substance used to produce a shiny protective surface on footwear)`
Super-classes	PolishStuff^c SubstanceRole^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value PolishingShoes^c
Sub-classes	BlackShoePolish^c

ShoeSole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoeSole`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for shoes) of noun sense 1 of 'sole' in WordNet: 1. (3) sole - (the underside of footwear or a golf club)`
Super-classes	BottomSide^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Shoe^c isBelow^op value TopSide^c
Sub-classes	RubberSole^c

Shoelace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoelace

Description

A 'Lacing' that is for holding together two of the top front parts of a shoe or boot, to keep the shoe tight on the foot. Usually has a round cross-section, but can have some edges.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoelace' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) shoelace, shoe lace, shoestring, shoe string - (a lace used for fastening shoes)

Super-classes Lacing^c

ShooSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShooSound`
Description	'ShooSound'' is the ''Sound'' made by a person who is 'ShooingSomethingAway''.
Super-classes	Speech^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value SayingShoo^c hasRepresentation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoo^c

ShooingSomethingAway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShooingSomethingAway`
Description	This is chasing away some animal (possibly people) by saying 'shoo' (or its equivalent in any language), and may include a gesture such as waving one's arm in the general direction that one wants the animal to go. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoo' in WordNet: 1. shoo off, shoo, shoo away - (drive away by crying 'shoo!')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c ActingOnSomething^c ChasingSomethingAway^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value LeavingaPlace^c hasSubEvent^op value SayingShoo^c removes^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c)

Shooter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shooter`
Description	NOTE: in WN a ''Shooter'' is a subtype of 'expert' but this type is for anyone with any level of skill who shoots a ''Firearm'', thereby propelling a ''Bullet'' - somewhere. The term 'shot' is used often in the sense depicted by the WN gloss - a good shot or poor shot, reflecting skill. That term could be broken out as a subtype, when needed. For a 'crack shot' (expert shooter' use the subtype ''Marksman'' Corresponds to part (for anyone who shoots a firearm) of noun sense 2 of 'shooter' in WordNet: 2. shot, shooter - (a person who shoots (usually with respect to their ability to shoot); 'he is a crack shot'; 'a poor shooter')
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ShootingaFirearm^c
Sub-classes	Marksman^c Sniper^c

Shooting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shooting`
Description	The subclass of Impelling where the patient is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of PropellingDevice. For the sense of shooting that specifies the object shot at rather than the projectile fired, use 'ShootingSomething' `Note: for the specific sense of 'shooting' a ''Firearm'', use substype ''ShootingaFirearm''. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'shoot' and noun sense 3 of 'shot' in WordNet, but is not restricted to firearms; various devices may be used.: in WordNet: 3. (26) shoot - - (fire a shot) WN noun 'shot': 3. (280) shooting, shot - (the act of firing a projectile; 'his shooting was slow but accurate')`
Super-classes	CastingSomething^c Impelling^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value PropellingDevice^c
Sub-classes	ShootingAnArrow^c ShootingaFirearm^c ShootingAtSomething^c

ShootingAnArrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShootingAnArrow`
Description	''ShootingAnArrow'' is a ''Shooting'' where an ''Arrow'' is fired from a bow. `NOTE that the end subEvent is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' but if the shooting misses the target, the Target will not be a participant in that ending subEvent. NOTE: although ''Archery'' has as its execution some ''ShootingAnArrow'', not every ''ShootingAnArrow'' is an execution of the sport - it could be part of hunting or war.`
Super-classes	Shooting^c
Restrictions	hasEndingSubEvent^op some StrikingAnObjectEvent^c requiredInstrument^op some Bow-Weapon^c hasObjectMoved^op value Arrow^c

ShootingAtSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShootingAtSomething`
Description	''ShootingAtSomething'' is a ''Shooting'' where the purpose of the Shooting is to strike something with the object propelled (usually a bullet or arrow or cannon ball or shell). This is an ''AttemptingActivity'' `Corresponds to verb sense 8 of 'shoot' in WordNet: 8. (1) shoot - (throw or propel in a specific direction or towards a specific objective; 'shoot craps'; 'shoot a golf ball')`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c Shooting^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Projectile^c requiredInstrument^op some PropellingDevice^c hasAttemptedAction^op value StrikingaTarget^c
Sub-classes	ShootingSomething^c Undershooting^c Overshooting^c

ShootingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShootingSomething`
Description	The subclass of Impelling where a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of PropellingDevice, and strikes an Object; the Object struck is the patient (object of the 'hadThingAffected' relation). For the sense of shooting that specifies the projectile fired rather than the object shot at, use the parent type 'Shooting', which is referenced as the cause of the 'ShootingSomething' event. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'shoot' in WordNet: 1. (28) shoot, hit, pip - - (hit with a missile from a weapon) 2. (27) shoot, pip - - (kill by firing a missile)`
Super-classes	ShootingAtSomething^c StrikingaTarget^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op some Shooting^c hadThingAffected^op some SolidObject^c hasEndingSubEvent^op value Colliding^c
Sub-classes	ShootingaPerson^c

ShootingTarget^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShootingTarget`
Description	A ''ShootingTarget'' is a flat solid object from 1 to 4 feet wide that has concentric circles on one side with a solid-colored center circle called the ''Bulls-Eye'', which is the optimum point at which to shoot: hitting the center circle with the projectile (arrow or bullet or dart) is to score a ''BullsEye''. `At indoor shooting ranges there may be targets that are stiff sheets of paper having similar concentric circles. This ''ShootingTarget'' type will include that kind of taget, but the archery targets should be distinguished from the paper targets. In different shooting ranges there may be different kinds of targets for practice. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'target' in WordNet: 4. (3) target, butt - (sports equipment consisting of an object set up for a marksman or archer to aim at)`
Super-classes	SportsEquipment^c Target^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Bulls-Eye^c

ShootingaFirearm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShootingaFirearm`
Description	''ShootingaFirearm'' is a ''Shooting'' where a ''Bullet'' is propelled from a ''Firearm'' by an explosive charge. This includes older breech-loaded muskets and pistols. This Action produces a ''Gunshot'' sound. `NOTE: this type represent a single sot of a ''Firearm''. Multiple shots in succesion are represente by ''Gunfire''. Corresponds to part (for bullets) of verb sense 3 of 'shoot' in WordNet: 3. (26) shoot - (fire a shot) WN noun 'gunshot': 1. (1) gunfire, gunshot - (the act of shooting a gun; 'the gunfire endangered innocent bystanders'; 'they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire')`
Super-classes	Popping^c Shooting^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Gunshot^c requiredInstrument^op some Firearm^c hasObjectMoved^op value Bullet^c

ShootingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShootingaPerson`
Description	''ShootingaPerson'' is a ''ShootingSomething'' with a firearm of some kind that wounds or kills that Person.
Super-classes	ShootingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedPerson^op some Person^c usesDeviceType^op value Firearm^c hadAgentHarmed^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Sniping^c

Shop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shop`
Description	A (relatively) small RetailStore, or a small specialized part of a larger ''Store''. The borderline of size where a store is no longer a 'Shop' is fuzzy, but a whole department store is not a 'Shop'. (Specify square footage??) `Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'shop' in RHW: 1. a retail store, esp. a small one. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'shop' in WordNet: 1. (9) shop, store - - (a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services; 'he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod')`
Super-classes	RetailStore^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c isTypicallyManagedBy^op some Shopkeeper^c
Sub-classes	FlowerShop^c Pizzeria^c BeautyParlor^c Boutique^c ButcherShop^c

Shopkeeper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shopkeeper`
Description	A person who owns or manages a Shop. @ToDo: express 'owns or manages a shop' in OWL? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shopkeeper' in WordNet: 1. (1) shopkeeper, tradesman, storekeeper, market keeper - - (a merchant who owns or manages a shop)`
Super-classes	Merchant^c Manager^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op some Shop^c
Sub-classes	Florist^c

Shopper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shopper`
Description	A ''Shopper'' is a ''Person'' that is, at the time of the assertion, in the act of''Shopping''. The term 'shopper' is used to refer to people who are shopping in some possible future or past time interval, which are included in this type (possible worlds can use present tense concepts). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shopper' in WordNet: 1. (1) shopper - (someone who visits stores in search of articles to buy)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Shopping^c

Shopping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shopping`
Description	'Shopping' is the activity of searching for objects that one wants or might want to buy, and may or may not include actual buying. `Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 'shop' in WordNet: 1. (7) shop - (do one's shopping; 'She goes shopping every Friday') 2. (1) patronize, patronise, shop, shop at, buy at, frequent, sponsor - - (do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of) 3. shop, browse - - (shop around; not necessarily buying; 'I don't need help, I'm just browsing')`
Super-classes	BuyingRelatedActivity^c PreparingForSituation^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op value Buying^c

ShoppingCart^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoppingCart

Description

$ShoppingCart is the collection of handcarts that

        are designed to hold dry goods for shoppers.

        Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'cart' in WordNet:
      2. (1) handcart, pushcart, cart, go-cart - (wheeled vehicle that 
           can be pushed by a person; may have one or two or four wheels;
           'he used a handcart to carry the rocks away'; 'their pushcart
           was piled high with groceries')

Super-classes Cart^c
MusclePoweredDevice-Pushed^c
Device-UserPowered^c

ShoppingMall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoppingMall`
Description	A ''ShoppingMall'' is a ''MarketPlace'' in an ''UrbanArea'' that is not just an urban street, and not an outdoor market, where multiple ''Store''s are located, with at least one ''Promenade'' (possibly indoor) between sections. Includes CYC 'ShoppingDistrict': An area with shops and stores Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shopping mall' in WordNet: 1. plaza, mall, center, shopping mall, shopping center, shopping centre - (mercantile establishment consisting of a carefully landscaped complex of shops representing leading merchandisers; usually includes restaurants and a convenient parking area; a modern version of the traditional marketplace; 'a good plaza should have a movie house'; 'they spent their weekends at the local malls')
Super-classes	MarketPlace^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value ShoppingMallBuilding^c isLocatedAt^op value UrbanArea^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Shopping^c
Sub-classes	IndoorShoppingMall^c

ShoppingMallBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoppingMallBuilding`
Description	A specialization of #$Building and #$ModernShelterConstruction. Each instance of #$ShoppingMallBuilding is a building that houses a number of retail store spaces. Important specializatins are #$StripMall and #$IndoorShoppingMall (qq.v.)
Super-classes	Building^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value RetailStore^c
Sub-classes	IndoorShoppingMall^c

Shore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shore`
Description	The ''GeographicalRegion'' that is adjacent to a BodyOfWater. `NOTE that the Shore is a subtype of 'GroundOrFloor', therefore is a FlatObject. Where mountains meet the ocean, the region that can be considered 'Shoreline' can only be that part that is still relatively flat, even if that part is very narrow in width. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shore' in WordNet: 1. (18) shore - (the land along the edge of a body of water)`
Super-classes	GroundOrFloor^c LandTopographicalFeature^c OutdoorObject^c Ground^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some BodyOfWater^c
Sub-classes	Coast^c

ShoreAndWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoreAndWater`
Description	Each 'ShoreAndWater' is a 'RegionPair' in which one Region is a Shore and the other is a BodyOfWater.
Super-classes	RegionPair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some BodyOfWater^c hasComponentElement^op some Shore^c

ShoreBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoreBird`
Description	Coastal bird: 'seabird' is too broad. This includes waders, so is broader than the Wordnet 'coastal diving bird'. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'coastal diving bird' and sense 1 of 'shorebird' in WordNet: 1. coastal diving bird - (gull family; skimmer family; jaeger family; auk family) WN 'shorebird': 1. shorebird, shore bird, limicoline bird - (any of numerous wading birds that frequent mostly seashores and estuaries)`
Super-classes	WildAnimal^c Bird^c
Sub-classes	Seagull^c Tern^c Puffin^c Pelican^c Plover^c

Shoreline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoreline`
Description	The intangible line that separates a Shore from a BodyOfWater. The restriction requires that the land shore region and the BodyOfWater be explicitly represented as a 'ShoreAndWater', a subtype of RegionPair. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoreline' in WordNet: 1. shoreline - - (a boundary line between land and water)`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c GeographicalBoundary^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some ShoreAndWater^c

Short^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Short`
Description	Short is an attribute that specifies that something has a smaller than usual physical (not temporal - see ''Brief'') length relative to some average or expected or reference (comparison) value; the 'length' can be for physical objects that extend in space, such as coats or socks, or rods, or roads, or for documents (physical or abstract). It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'short' in WordNet: 2. (22) short - ((primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length; 'short skirts'; 'short hair'; 'the board was a foot short'; 'a short toss')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Concise^c

ShortBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortBone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short bone' in WordNet: 1. (5) short bone, os breve - (a bone that is of approximately equal dimension in all directions)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c
Sub-classes	Kneecap^c

ShortBristle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortBristle`
Description	A ''Bristle'' less than 2.5 cm in kength. This is to give better definitions for some common objects such as toothbrushes or nail brushes.
Super-classes	Bristle^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 2.5^c

ShortBristles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortBristles`
Description	The Group of ''ShortBristles'' on objects like toothbrushes.
Super-classes	Bristles^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ShortBristle^c

ShortCircuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortCircuit`
Description	A 'ShortCircuit' is a 'TouchingState' (an Event)that is not part of the design of an electrical device, and typically occurs untintentionally, as a malfunction of a device, but may be created intentionally. Whether accidental of intentional, it typically causes a malfunction of the device shorted out; the device can be any electrical circuit. `This type of Event is considered as 'Unintended' - if it is deliberate, it must be classified by another term. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short curcuit' and sense 2 of 'short' in WordNet: 2. short circuit, short - - (accidental contact between two points in an electric circuit that have a potential difference)`
Super-classes	TouchingState^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Breakdown^c produces^op value ElectricalConnection^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c

ShortDistanceFootRace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortDistanceFootRace`
Description	CYC: 'ShortDistanceRunningEvent'
Super-classes	Footrace^c
Sub-classes	HurdleRace^c Sprint^c

ShortDuration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortDuration`
Description	''ShortDuration'' is an attribute that specifies that something has a smaller than usual duration relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Seee also subtype ''Brief''. (diference is not yet specified) `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'short' in WordNet: 1. (43) short - (primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; 'a short life; 'a short flight'; 'a short holiday'; 'a short story'; 'only a few short months)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Abbreviated^c Brief^c

ShortLegOfArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortLegOfArtifact`
Description	A 'ShortLegOfArtifact' is a 'eg' that forms one of the rod-like supports that support a low Artifact, as on trivet or low Flower stand. `This is narrower, only part, of noun sense 3 of 'leg' (includes some artifacts that are not furniture) in WordNet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some SmallSupportingStand^c

ShortMessage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortMessage`
Description	A ''ShortMessage''is a textual or verbal ''Message'' that is sufficiently small (''Short'') to be contained (in its physical representation) on one small sheet of paper such as a sheet from a notepad or a ''Postcard''. Maximim about one hundred words. This is the abstract document, so it could apply to messages on paper (as on a Postcard) or short voicemail or e-mail messages (or 'tweets').
Super-classes	Message^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

ShortProseWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortProseWork`
Description	The AbstractText of a short (less than book length) prose textual work that is usually fictional. `SUMO: (Article) A brief work of fiction, often bound with other short stories in a Book or Periodical.`
Super-classes	ProseLiteraryWork^c
Sub-classes	ShortStory^c

ShortSleeve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortSleeve`
Description	A ''ShortSleeve'' is a ''SleeveOfGarment'' that is not long enough to cover the elbow. `This can be part of a ''T-Shirt'' or a more dressy short-sleeve shirt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short sleeve' in WordNet: 1. short sleeve - (a sleeve extending from the shoulder to the elbow)`
Super-classes	SleeveOfGarment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ShortSleeveShirt^c isDesignedToCover^op value UpperArm^c

ShortSleeveShirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortSleeveShirt`
Description	A Shirt in which the two sleeves are not long enough to cover the elbow.
Super-classes	Shirt^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 2 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ShortSleeved^c
Sub-classes	TankTop^c T-shirt^c

ShortSleeved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortSleeved`
Description	''ShortSleeved'' is the attribute of a Garment in which the sleeves are short (not covering extend the elbow or lower arm).
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ShortStory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortStory

Description

The AbstractText of a short work of fiction. 'short' here refers to he number of words - not exactly specified, but definitely fewer than 50,000.

    SUMO: A brief work of fiction, often bound with other 
      short stories in a Book or Periodical.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short story' in WordNet:
          1. (3) short story - (a prose narrative shorter than a novel)

Super-classes FictionalStory^c
ShortProseWork^c
Story^c

ShortTail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortTail`
Description	An Animal ''Tail'' that is ''Short'' (shorter than the typical tail for animal of that size).
Super-classes	Tail^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

ShortTerm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortTerm

Description

'ShortTerm'' is a subattribute of ''Temporary'' that charactrizes Situations of Actions that are intended to extend over some relatively short interval of time.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'short-term' in WordNet:
         1. (5) short-run, short-term - (relating to or extending over a limited period; "short-run planning"; "a short-term lease"; "short-term credit")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ShortTermMemory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortTermMemory

Description

''ShortTermMemory'' is an 'AbilityToRemember' that lasts for only a short time - it is the ability to hold several things together in the mind at the same time, before the ''Memory''s are committed to ''LongTermMemory''. The number of things that can be held in ''ShortTermMemory'' is limited - it is the subject of psychological research.

     NOTE that in WN this is a subtype of 'remembering' - aprocess, whereas here in COSMO
     it is classified as a 'capability' to remember - so it has a different parent type.

     This is not exactly the same as'working memory' but it is here conflated until
       more distinctions are needed.

     Wikipedia:
      Short-term memory (or 'primary' or 'active memory') is the capacity for holding, 
       but not manipulating, a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily 
       available state for a short period of time. For example, short-term memory can be used
       to remember a phone number that has just been recited. The duration of short-term memory 
       (when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented) is believed to be in the order of seconds. 
       The most commonly cited capacity is The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two 
       (which is frequently referred to as Miller's Law), despite the fact that Miller himself stated 
       that the figure was intended as 'little more than a joke' (Miller, 1989, page 401) and 
       that Cowan (2001) provided evidence that a more realistic figure is 4+/-1 units. 
       In contrast, long-term memory can hold an indefinite amount of information.

       Short-term memory should be distinguished from working memory, which refers to structures 
       and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information (see details below).

      See also, from Wikipedia:
      'The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for 
        Processing Information'[1] is one of the most highly cited papers in psychology.[2][3][4] 
        It was published in 1956 in Psychological Review by the cognitive psychologist 
        George A. Miller of Princeton University's Department of Psychology.
        It is often interpreted to argue that the number of objects an average human can hold 
        in working memory is 7 +/- 2. This is frequently referred to as Miller's law.
     For more see:
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two

      This idea was put forward by Miller (1956) and he called it the magic number 7.
         He thought that short term memory could hold 7 (plus or minus 2 items) because 
         it only had a certain number of 'slots' in which items could be stored.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short-term memory' in WordNet:
          1. short-term memory, STM, immediate memory - (what you can repeat immediately after perceiving it)
        WN noun 'working memory':
         1. working memory - (memory for intermediate results that must be held during thinking)

Super-classes AbilityToRemember^c

Shortage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortage`
Description	A ''Shortage'' is a ''LackingSomething'' where the something lacked is ''Needed'' for some purpose. This is not a complete lack of something, a state which is represented by ''Lack''. NOTE: this is a ''PersistentState'' in which the subject of the state is an agent that lacks something needed for some purpose; the ''NecessaryThing'' is present, but in too small an amount for that Purpose. The term 'Deficit' has a related meaning, but is used in COSMO as a quantitative measure of the Difference between required amount and available amount of some Resource. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortage' in WordNet: 1. (4) deficit, shortage, shortfall - (the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required; 'new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit')
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Deficient^c agentLacks^op value NecessaryThing^c isPerformedBy^op value IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	Dearth^c

ShortageOfFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortageOfFood`
Description	A '''ShortageOfFood'' is a ''LackingSomething'' where the something lacked is ''Food'' sufficient to avoid serious hunger or starvation.
Super-classes	LackingSomething^c
Restrictions	agentLacks^op value Food^c isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfAnimals^c

Shortbread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortbread`
Description	A ''Shortbread'' is a ''ButterCookie'' - an object, not a substance. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortbread' in WordNet: 1. shortbread, shortbread cookie - (very rich thick butter cookie)`
Super-classes	ButterCookie^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Butter^c

Shortcake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortcake`
Description	This is for the small cake-like object including 'strawberry shortcake' - for the biscuit-like 'shortcake' see ''ShortcakeBiscuit''. `RHW sense 1: 1, a cake made with a relatively large amount of butter or other shortening. NO sense in WN for this.`
Super-classes	Cake^c SolidFoodArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SweetTasting^c

ShortcakeBiscuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortcakeBiscuit`
Description	This is for the biscuit - for the cake-like 'shortcake' see ''Shortcake''. `WN has only one sense of 'shortcake' - not the sense used in 'strawberry shortcake'. for that sense use ''Shortcake''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortcake' in WordNet: 1. shortcake - (very short biscuit dough baked as individual biscuits or a round loaf; served with sweetened fruit and usually whipped cream)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c Biscuit^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SaltyTasting^c

Shortcoming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortcoming`
Description	A ''Shortcoming'' is an ''Imperfection'' that is not necessarily found in that type of thing, applied to objects or actions. It may or may not be able to be corrected. The term 'shortcoming' is usually used for qualities of People or their Actions or products. 'a defect in his character'. `NOTE: the sense of 'defect' for Devices is represented by ''Flaw''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortcoming' in WordNet: 1. defect, shortcoming - (a failing or deficiency; 'that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information')`
Super-classes	Imperfection^c FlawedQuality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Flawed^c

Shortcut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortcut`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortcut' in WordNet: 1. (1) shortcut, cutoff, crosscut - (a route shorter than the usual one)`
Super-classes	Roadway^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shorter^c

ShortcutRoad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShortcutRoad

Description

A ''ShortcutRoad'' is a Roadway between two points that has a shorter distance than aother, more commonly used. It may be less commonly used because it has more turns than a main route, or goes over smaller streets. This contrasts with ''Detour'', a Roadway that is longer than the usual route. NOTE: this is not for a 'shortcut' that may be taken while walking. Need to add that?)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortcut' in WordNet:
          1. (1) shortcut, cutoff, crosscut - (a route shorter than the usual one)

Super-classes SubstituteThing^c
Roadway^c

Shortened^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortened`
Description	The Object having this attribute has been the Object of an Event causing ''Shortening'' in spatial length or in time or in text content. `Includes senses 1, and 4 of adjective 'shortened' (sense 3 is the subattribute ''Telescoped'' and sense 2 is the subattribute ''Abbreviated'') in Wordnet: 1. (1) sawed-off, sawn-off, shortened - (cut short; 'a sawed-off shotgun'; 'a sawed-off broomstick'; 'the shortened rope was easier to use') 4. cut, shortened - (with parts removed; 'the drastically cut film')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Telescoped^c Abbreviated^c

Shortening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortening`
Description	''Shortening'' is a 'Reduction' in the length of some Object. (this is not the substance used in cooking). NOTE that the object of this action acquires the attribute 'Shortened', but is not necessarily 'Short'. in CYC called a 'ShorteningEvent': In an instance of this collection, an object's length (#$lengthOfObject) is decreased by some amount. Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 1,2, 3, and 4 'shorten' in WordNet: 1. (6) shorten - (make shorter than originally intended; reduce or retrench in length or duration; 'He shortened his trip due to illness') 2. (3) abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce - (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; 'The manuscript must be shortened') 3. shorten - (make short or shorter; 'shorten the skirt'; 'shorten the rope by a few inches') 4. shorten - (become short or shorter; 'In winter, the days shorten')
Super-classes	Reduction^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c Contraction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Shortened^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Lengthening^c
Sub-classes	Abridging^c Truncating^c PruningaPlant^c MuscleContraction^c

Shorter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shorter

Description

''Shorter'' is an attribute that characterizes something that has a physical ''Length'' that is less than some reference Object.

        This is not directly represented in WordNet.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Shortlist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortlist`
Description	A ''Shortlist'' is a ''ListOfPeople'', that is smaller than a larger ListOfPeople who are being considered for some assignment. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortlist' in WordNet: 1. short list, shortlist - (a list of applicants winnowed from a longer list who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen)`
Super-classes	ListOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only (Applicant^c or Candidate^c)

Shorts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shorts`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shorts' in WordNet: 1. (1) short pants, shorts, trunks - (trousers that end at or above the knee)`
Super-classes	Pants^c

Shortstop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shortstop`
Description	The ''Shortstop'' is neither an 'outfielder' nor a ''BaseballPitcher'' nor a 'BaseballCatcher' nor a 'baseman' but plays at a position between second and third base, just outside the infield. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortstop' in WordNet: 1. (4) shortstop - ((baseball) the person who plays the shortstop position)`
Super-classes	BaseballPlayer^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value BaseballGame^c

ShotAtaGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShotAtaGoal`
Description	Each 'ShotAtaGoal' is an 'Attempt' to score in some game by propelling an object (basketball, hockey puck) at some goal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shot' in WordNet: WN noun 'shot': 1. (759) shot - - (an attempt to score in a game)`
Super-classes	Attempt^c
Sub-classes	KickingaFieldGoal^c

Shotgun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shotgun`
Description	CYC: The collection of all shotguns. Disjoint with #$Rifle. Unlike rifles, shotguns have smooth bores and are designed to fire clusters of small lead pellets, or shot. As a hunting weapon, they are primarily used for small fast moving targets, such as birds and rabbits. They are also useful in close-quarters combat situations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shotgun' in WordNet: 1. (2) shotgun, scattergun - (firearm that is a double-barreled smoothbore shoulder weapon for firing shot at short ranges)`
Super-classes	Firearm^c
Restrictions	propels^op value PelletShot^c hasComponentPart^op value RifleStock^c isLargerThan^op value Handgun^c consumes^op value ShotgunShell^c

ShotgunShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShotgunShell`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shotgun shell' in WordNet: 1. shotgun shell - (a shell containing lead shot; used in shotguns)`
Super-classes	ProjectileShellAssembly^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value PelletShot^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Shotgun^c

Shoulder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoulder

Description

The region of the body where the arm joins the torso.

    SUMO: The part of a Primate between the Arm and 
       the neck.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoulder' in WordNet:
       1. (66) shoulder - (the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm)

Super-classes ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
AnimalBodyPart^c

ShoulderAndElbow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoulderAndElbow`
Description	Each 'ShoulderAndElbow' is a 'PairOfObjects' contining one elbow and one Shoulder (in the same side of the body. This type helps define an''UpperArm''
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Elbow^c hasComponentElement^op value Shoulder^c

ShoulderBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoulderBone`
Description	CYC: 'Scapula': The collection of all shoulder blades. Each individual #$Scapula is a #$Bone-BodyPart that lies within the #$Shoulder, connecting the #$Humerus to the bones of the #$Torso. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoulder bone' in WordNet: 1. scapula, shoulder blade, shoulder bone - (either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Shoulder^c

ShoulderStrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShoulderStrap`
Description	A ''CarryStrap'' that can support a bag or case (''Case-Container'') from the shoulder while carrying the bag. Maximium length less than 6 feet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoulder strap' in Wordnet: 1. strap, shoulder strap - (a band that goes over the shoulder and supports a garment or bag)`
Super-classes	CarryStrap^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 20.0^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 200.0^c isSupportedBy^op value Shoulder^c

Shouting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shouting`
Description	Each 'Shouting' is a Communication in which someone speaks very loudly, to be heard at a distance, or to be heard over background noise, or in anger, or for emphasis. Includes verb senses 1 and 3, and part of verb sense 2 of 'shout', and verb sense 2 of 'scream' and sense 2 of 'yell' in WordNet: WN 'shout' 1. (39) shout - - (utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice (usually denoting characteristic manner of speaking); 'My grandmother is hard of hearing - - you'll have to shout') 2. (18) shout, shout out, cry, call, yell, scream, holler, hollo, squall - - (utter a sudden loud cry; 'she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle'; 'I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me') WN 'scream' 2. (2) yell, scream - - (utter or declare in a very loud voice; 'You don't have to yell - - I can hear you just fine')
Super-classes	CallingOut^c SpokenCommunicating^c MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c
Sub-classes	Cheering^c Bellowing^c Shrieking^c

Shovel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shovel`
Description	A 'Shovel' is a hand tool used for moving loose granular material from one location to another, and (in the case of the subtype 'Spade') for digging into the ground and creating holes - for various purposes. `The Cyc definition is what is called a 'Spade' in COSMO - a Shovel with a pointed tip. A hand tool used for cutting or moving soft or granulated materials like soil and sand. Comprised of a long handle and a concave head with a sharp edge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shovel' in WordNet: 1. (2) shovel - (a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of a curved container or scoop and a handle)`
Super-classes	SimpleTool^c LongHandledTool^c HandTool^c HardwareTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value ShovelBlade^c
Sub-classes	SnowShovel^c Spade^c

ShovelBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShovelBlade`
Description	A ''ShovelBlade'' is the broad flat end of a ''Shovel'' that is shoved into some granular substance to move or remove a portion to some different location..
Super-classes	ToolBlade^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Shovel^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c isAtTheEndOf^op value Shovel^c
Sub-classes	SpadeBlade^c

ShovingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShovingaPerson`
Description	''ShovingaPerson'' is a ''PushingEvent'' in which one Person 'pushes' another person (applies force enough to be pereptible to the other person,and often to move that other person's body). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'shove' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'jostle' in WordNet: 1. (6) jostle, shove - (come into rough contact with while moving; 'The passengers jostled each other in the overcrowded train') 2. (5) shove - (push roughly; 'the people pushed and shoved to get in line') WN verb 'jostle': 1. (1) jostle - (make one's way by jostling, pushing, or shoving; 'We had to jostle our way to the front of the platform') 2. jostle, shove - (come into rough contact with while moving; 'The passengers jostled each other in the overcrowded train') WN noun 'shove': 1. shove - (the act of shoving (giving a push to someone or something); 'he gave the door a shove')
Super-classes	PushingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

ShowProducer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowProducer`
Description	A ''ShowProducer'' is a Person who organizes and finds financing for a show of some kind - play, movie, or other. There may be more than one ''Producer'' of a Show, in which case they are co-producers. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'producer' in WordNet: 2. (5) producer - (someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and presentation of a show (play or film or program or similar work))`
Super-classes	Creator^c Person^c EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some ProducingaShow^c
Sub-classes	MovieProducer^c

ShowRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowRoom`
Description	A ''ShowRoom'' is a ''Room'' where Objects for sale (not necessarily at the same site) are displayed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'showroom' in WordNet: 1. (1) showroom, salesroom, saleroom - (an area where merchandise (such as cars) can be displayed; 'in England a showroom is called a salesroom')`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicActivity^op value ViewingMerchandise^c containsObjects^op value Merchandise^c

Shower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shower`
Description	A ''RainEvent'' that has a relatively shorter duration and usually lower intensity of precipitation of water that other ''RainEvent''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shower' in WordNet: 3. (1) shower, rain shower - (a brief period of precipitation; 'the game was interrupted by a brief shower')`
Super-classes	RainEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

ShowerCurtain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowerCurtain`
Description	The collection of all curtains, usually made from (#$SolidFn #$Plastic), hung from a #$ShowerCurtainRod with #$ShowerCurtainRings and used in instances of #$TakingAShower to prevent water from leaving the #$ShowerStall. `This may be in a ''ShowerFixture'' with a bathtub or in a stand-up shower. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'shower curtain' in Wordnet: 1. shower curtain - (a curtain that keeps water from splashing out of the shower area)`
Super-classes	Curtain^c SinglePurposeDevice^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c PortalCovering^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value ShowerFixture^c isSupportedBy^op value DraperyHook^c

ShowerCurtainRing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowerCurtainRing`
Description	A circular object designed to fit around a shower curtain rod and through the holes in a ShowerCurtain.
Super-classes	Fastener^c DurableGood^c CircularObject^c SupportingObject^c SmallObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value ShowerCurtain^c

ShowerFixture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowerFixture`
Description	''ShowerFixture'' is a ''PlumbingFixture'' with a 'shower head' that sprays water into the interor of the fixture (a enclosed ''Chamber'') `NOTE that a ''ShowerFixture'' may have a tub to collect the water. IT becomes an enclosed ''Chamber'' when a ''ShowerCurtain'' is drawn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shower' in WordNet: 1. (5) shower - (a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you; 'they installed a shower in the bathroom')`
Super-classes	Chamber^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c PlumbingFixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ShowerHead^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SprayingWater^c isaSourceOf^op value Water^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Showering^c

ShowerHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowerHead`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shower head' in WordNet: 1. (1) showerhead - (a perforated nozzle that showers water on a bather)`
Super-classes	SprayingDevice^c SpoutOpening^c Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Showering^c controls^op value ExitingOfFluidFromaContainer^c servesAsaPathFor^op value WaterObject^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ShowerFixture^c

ShowerStall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowerStall`
Description	The collection of all shower stalls. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shower' in WordNet: 1. (5) shower - (a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you; "they installed a shower in the bathroom")`
Super-classes	SpaceInAHOC^c HouseholdAttachment^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ShowerFixture^c

Showering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Showering`
Description	''Showering'' is a form of ''PersonalWashing'' with water coming from above the body and draining out the bottom of the shower fixture. This has much the same effect as 'Bathing'' but performed in a 'ShowerFixture'' usually standing up, but possibly sitting. `CYC: 'TakingAShower': The collection of all taking-a-shower events. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'shower' in WordNet: 3. (2) shower - (take a shower; wash one's body in the shower; "You should shower after vigorous exercise")`
Super-classes	PersonalWashing^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value ShowerFixture^c hasSubEvent^op value SprayingWater^c

Showing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Showing

Description

''Showing' is a form of ''BeingVisible'' for objects that are visible or partly visible though they are often completely obscured or hidden by other objects in front of them.

       There is no WN synset that quite captures this motion.
       RHW intransitive sense 14 of 'show':
          14. to be seen; be or become visible: Does my slip show?

Super-classes BeingVisible^c

ShowingFavoritism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowingFavoritism`
Description	''ShowingFavoritism'' is a subtype of ''Partial'' indicating a disposition to discriminatein favor of certain people. `NOTE: this is a qualitative attribute but the 'disposition' should be a ''Trait'' (an AttributeType,not an AttributeValue. @@ToDo: needs reorganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'favoritism' in WordNet: 1. favoritism, favouritism - (an inclination to favor some person or group)`
Super-classes	Partial^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Discrimination^c

ShowingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowingSomething`
Description	'ShowingSomething' is an Action in which some Animal performs some act that is intended to be seen by other agents, or causes some ''Scene'' that is intended to be seen. This includes showing an action as well as showing objects. 'Showing how to' and 'PointingToSomething' are also included. For the sense of 'show' as in'the clock show the time' use 'DisplayingInformation' This sense corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'show' and noun sense 5 of 'demonstration' in WordNet: 1. (134) show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate - - (show or demonstrate something to an interested audience; 'She shows her dogs frequently'; 'We will demo the new software in Washington') WN noun 'show': 1. (18) show - (the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining; 'a remarkable show of skill') WN noun 'demonstration': 5. demonstration, demo - (a visual presentation showing how something works; 'the lecture was accompanied by dramatic demonstrations'; 'the lecturer shot off a pistol as a demonstration of the startle response') WN noun 'show': 2. (9) display, show - (something intended to communicate a particular impression; 'made a display of strength'; 'a show of impatience'; 'a good show of looking interested')
Super-classes	VisualInformationGeneratingAct^c MakingSomethingNoticeable^c ExposingToView^c
Restrictions	causes^op value View^c
Sub-classes	DisplayingAction^c PerformingArtActivity^c DisplayingSomething^c PointingToSomething^c RevealingSomething^c Presentation^c DramaticPerformance^c Manifestation^c

ShowingSupportForSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShowingSupportForSomething`
Description	''ShowingSupportForSomething'' is an Action in which one IntelligentAgent 'shows' feelings of approval as well as wishes for success, in some form (e.g. by simple communication, direct personal assistance, financial contribution, voting for a person or cause, attending rallies or demonstrations, or by performing any action that the supporter beieves will help someone or some organization, or advance a cause). ''ProvidingMaterialSupport'' (e.g. financial) is a subtype. CYC: ShowingSupportForSomeone'): The collection of events in which one #$Agent shows support for another #$Agent (the #$beneficiary). Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'support' in WordNet: 1. (26) support, back up - (give moral or psychological support, aid, or courage to; 'She supported him during the illness'; 'Her children always backed her up') 2. (16) support - (support materially or financially; 'he does not support his natural children'; 'The scholarship supported me when I was in college') 3. (14) back, endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support - (be behind; approve of; 'He plumped for the Labor Party'; 'I backed Kennedy in 1960') WN noun 'support': 2. (9) support - (aiding the cause or policy or interests of; "the president no longer had the support of his own party'; 'they developed a scheme of mutual support")
Super-classes	SociabilityBasedAction^c
Sub-classes	Advocacy^c SpurringAnActivity^c SupportingaCauseOrParty^c NursingEvent^c Adherence^c Endorsement^c ProvidingMaterialSupport^c Cheering^c FosteringSomething^c ExpressingApproval^c Guaranteeing^c SponsoringaPerson^c

Showtime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Showtime`
Description	A ''Showtime'' is the 'StartingTime' for an ''EntertainmentPerformance''. `RHW 'showtime': the time at which an entertainment is scheduled to begin. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'showtime' in WordNet: 1. beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime, offset - (the time at which something is supposed to begin; 'they got an early start'; 'she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her')`
Super-classes	StartingTime^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingTimeOf^op value EntertainmentPerformance^c

Showy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Showy`
Description	Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'showy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) showy, splashy - (marked by ostentation but often tasteless; 'a cheap showy rhinestone bracelet'; 'a splashy half-page ad')
Super-classes	Ostentatious^c TastelesslyVulgar^c

Shrapnel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrapnel`
Description	''Shrapnel'' is a Group of SolidObjects produced by an explosion, especially of an ''ArtilleryShell'', that fly rapidly through the air and can cause serious damage to a person. This applies not only to the wartime 'shrapnel',but to that produed by terrorist bombs and even accidental explosions. `No WN sense for this 'shrapnel'`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isProducedByObject^op value ArtilleryShell^c hasComponentElement^op value Fragment^c

ShrapnelShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShrapnelShell`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shrapnel' in WordNet: 1. (2) shrapnel - (shell containing lead pellets that explodes in flight)`
Super-classes	ArtilleryShell^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op value Shrapnel^c

Shred^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shred`
Description	A ''Shred'' is a ''PieceOfAnObject'' created by some kind of cutting or tearing process. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shred' in WordNet: 2. rag, shred, tag, tag end, tatter - (a small piece of cloth or paper)`
Super-classes	PieceOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaSmallPartOf^op some (PieceOfCloth^c or PaperObject^c or PieceOfCloth^c or PaperObject^c) isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value SeparationEvent^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op some (PieceOfCloth^c or PaperObject^c or PieceOfCloth^c or PaperObject^c)

ShreddedWheat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShreddedWheat`
Description	''Wheat-Foodstuff'' procesed into shreds. `RHW: a breakfast cereal made by shredding cooked, dried whole wheat and baking or toasting it in biscuit- or spoon-size pieces.`
Super-classes	CerealFood^c CoarseMeal^c FibrousSubstance^c Wheat-Foodstuff^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value WheatPlant^c

ShreddedWheatBiscuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShreddedWheatBiscuit`
Description	A single ''ShreddedWheatBiscuit'' is a ''BarOfStuff'' about finger-sized, made of ''ShreddedWheat'' `In the overlapping size ranges of ''HandSizedObject'' and ''MarbleSizedObject'', so it is a subtype of both size types`
Super-classes	BarOfStuff^c MarbleSizedObject^c HandSizedObject^c FoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value ShreddedWheat^c

Shredder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shredder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shredder' in WordNet: 1. shredder - (a device that shreds documents (usually in order to prevent the wrong people from reading them))`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c CuttingDevice^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ShreddingEvent^c

ShreddingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShreddingEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$SeparationEvent. In each instance of #$ShreddingEvent, some item or items are destroyed by a large number of ripping (see the collection #$Ripping) sub-events. An example would be the tearing of office files into tiny pieces by a machine designed for that purpose. A shirt suddenly tearing due to pressure applied by the wearer's muscles would, however, not be an instance of #$ShreddingEvent, but only of #$Ripping. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shred' in WordNet: 1. (1) shred, tear up, rip up - (tear into shreds)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c PhysicalDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op min 5 hadObjectModified^op value Document-Physical^c

Shrew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrew`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shrew' in WordNet: 2. shrew, shrewmouse - (small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles)`
Super-classes	Mammal^c TerrestrialOrganism^c Insectivore^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c resembles^op value Mouse^c hasOrganicPart^op value LongSnout^c feedsOn^op value Insect^c

Shrewd^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrewd

Description

'Shrewd' is a subtype of the attribute 'Clever' that is also ''Pragmatic''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shrewd' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) astute, sharp, shrewd - (marked by practical hardheaded intelligence;
           'a smart businessman'; 'an astute tenant always reads 
           the small print in a lease'; 'he was too shrewd to go along with them 
           on a road that could lead only to their overthrow')

Super-classes Pragmatic^c
Clever^c

Shrieking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrieking`
Description	`RHW: a loud, sharp, shrill cry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shrieking' in WordNet: 1. (1) scream, screaming, shriek, shrieking, screech, screeching - (sharp piercing cry; 'her screaming attracted the neighbors') WN verb 'shriek' 1. (4) shriek, shrill, pipe up, pipe - (utter a shrill cry)`
Super-classes	ExpressingEmotion^c Shouting^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighPitch^c mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute^op value Dismaying^c

Shrill^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrill

Description

''Shrill'' is an AttributeValue of sounds, especially human voice sounds that have a high pitch that is unpleasant.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shrill' in Wordnet:
          1. (9) piercing, shrill, sharp - (having or emitting a high-pitched and sharp
            tone or tones ; 'piercing screams'; 'a shrill whistle'; ' a shrill gaiety')

Super-classes Unpleasant^c

Shrimp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrimp

Description

Edible shrimp RHW: 1. any of several small, long-tailed, chiefly marine crustaceans of the decapod suborder Natania, certain species of which are used as food.

       Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'shrimp' in WordNet:
          2. prawn, shrimp - (any of various edible decapod crustaceans)
          3. shrimp - (small slender-bodied chiefly marine decapod crustaceans
             with a long tail and single pair of pincers; many species are edible)

Super-classes MeatBearingAnimal^c
Crustacean^c

Shrine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrine

Description

A ''Shrine'' is not necessarily a building, but might be.. This Needs another subtype ('ShrineBuilding') to discriminate ''ReligiousBuilding''s that are called 'shrines'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shrine' in WordNet:
          1. (1) shrine - (a place of worship hallowed by association 
              with some sacred thing or person)

Super-classes ReligiousStructure^c

Shrinking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrinking`
Description	'Shrinking is a subAttribute of ''Decreasing'' for things (objects, attributes) that are becoming smaller in some sense of 'size'. This can apply, for example, to people who are getting smaller as they get older, or inflated balloons that are losing gas, or 'opportunities' that are becoming fewer in number or probability. Use of this attribute suggests that the speaker has a mental image of the shrinking object as something having a perceptible size, physical or abstract.
Super-classes	Decreasing^c

ShrinkingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShrinkingEvent`
Description	'ShrinkingEvent''is a 'DecreaseEvent' in which some PhysicalObject becomes smaller in Volume. This can be due to ''ApplyingAPressure'' or due to cooling, or (as with plants) due to loss of moisture or other permeating liquid. 'a shrunken skull' `Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'shrink' in WordNet: 1. (3) shrivel, shrivel up, shrink, wither - (wither, as with a loss of moisture; 'The fruit dried and shriveled') 3. (2) shrink, reduce - (reduce in size; reduce physically; 'Hot water will shrink the sweater'; 'Can you shrink this image?') 4. (1) shrink, contract - (become smaller or draw together; 'The fabric shrank'; 'The balloon shrank')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c Contraction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Shrunken^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Expanding^c
Sub-classes	Compressing^c Withering^c Deforestation^c

Shroud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shroud`
Description	A ''Shroud'' is a ''BurialGarment'' that covers the entire body of a 'Corpse''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shroud' in WordNet: 3. pall, shroud, cerement, winding-sheet, winding-clothes - (burial garment in which a corpse is wrapped)`
Super-classes	BurialGarment^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value HumanCorpse^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShroudOfTurin

Shrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrug`
Description	A 'Shrug'' is a ''Gesture'' made by a person, when the shoulders are both raised momentarily, usually without any other body motion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shrug' in WordNet: 1. (3) shrug - (a gesture involving the shoulders)`
Super-classes	Gesture^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c isProducedByEventType^op some Shrugging^c

Shrugging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrugging`
Description	''Shrugging'' is a ''MakingAGesture'' made by a person, when the shoulders are both raised momentarily, usually without any other body motion. `Raising only one shoulder could be a shrug, though it usually is done by both shoulders. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shrug' in WordNet: 1. (10) shrug - (raise one's shoulders to indicate indifference or resignation)`
Super-classes	Gesture^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Shoulder^c

Shrunken^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shrunken

Description

      NOTE: the reason for reduction in size can be any Action or Event that
         causes the shrinking, not just as in the WN gloss 'being drawn together'.

      Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 3 of 'shrunken' in Wordnet:
       3. shrunk, shrunken - (reduced in size by being drawn together;
       'the shrunken dress was entirely too tight to wear')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Shuddering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shuddering`
Description	A 'Shuddering' is a 'ShakingMotion' that originates within an Object, rather than being caused by the action of something external. This type is usually used to described shuddering of people, but the shaking of machines in some cases will be described as a 'Shuddering' ('the truck shuddered to a halt'). `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'shudder' and noun sense 1 of 'tremor' in WordNet, but includes shuddering of machines as well as animals: in WordNet: 2. (3) shudder, shiver, throb, thrill - (tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement) WN noun 'tremor': 1. (2) tremor, shudder - (an involuntary vibration (as if from illness or fear))`
Super-classes	ShakingMotion^c ActionSeries^c
Sub-classes	Trembling^c

ShufflingCards^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShufflingCards`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for a deck of cards) of verb sense 3 of 'shuffle' in WordNet: 3. shuffle, ruffle, mix - (mix so as to make a random order or arrangement; 'shuffle the cards') WN noun 'shuffling': 1. shuffle, shuffling, make - (the act of mixing cards haphazardly)`
Super-classes	Reordering^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value PlayingACardGame^c hadObjectModified^op value DeckOfCards^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Randomized^c

ShufflingWalk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShufflingWalk

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shuffling' in WordNet:
          2. shamble, shambling, shuffle, shuffling - 
             (walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet;
             'from his shambling I assumed he was very old')
       WN verb 'shuffle':
         1. (4) shuffle, scuffle, shamble - (walk by dragging one's feet;
            'he shuffled out of the room'; 'We heard his feet shuffling down the hall')

Super-classes HumanWalkingProcess^c

ShushSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShushSound`
Description	'ShushSound'' is the ''Sound'' made by a person who is 'SayingShush'' when ''ShushingPeople''.
Super-classes	Speech^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value SayingShush^c

ShushingPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShushingPeople`
Description	''ShushingPeople'' is a 'SilencingPeople' by uttering ''Shush''. This may not be successful, so probably should be an attempting action. change intensity Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shush' in WordNet: 1. shush - (silence (someone) by uttering 'shush!')
Super-classes	SilencingPeople^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value QuietingDown^c

Shutout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shutout`
Description	A 'shutout' is viewed by WN as a 'defeat' - but it is also a 'win' for the other team. This is here classified as a ''ContestResult''. `CYC: A #$Shutout occurs in team sports when the losing team does not score at all during a game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shutout' in WordNet: 1. shutout, skunk - (a defeat in a game where one side fails to score)`
Super-classes	ContestResult^c DualScoreEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or GroupOfPeople^c) hasResult^op value ShutoutScore^c

ShutoutScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShutoutScore`
Description	A ''ShutoutScore'' is a ''DualFinalScore'' in which one of the scores (the ''LosingScore'') is zero..
Super-classes	DualFinalScore^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZeroScore^c

ShuttingDownAnActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShuttingDownAnActivity`
Description	Each ''ShuttingDownAnActivity'' is an 'EndingOfAnEvent' in which some ''HumanGroupActivity'' (of any kind) that continued for more than one hour (wasn't quickly over) comes to an end that was not predetermined by a schedule or by rules (as in a game). This ending may be the natural or optional ending of that kind of activity that is performed by more than one Person; it may come to a normal expected end because it accomplished its goal, or may be terminated sooner than it might otherwise for any of various reasons, such as the realization that it will not accomplish its goal or that there are better ways to accomplish the goal, or the goal no longer seems important or relevant or necessary. However, if it is a premature or unexpected ending of an activity that might have continued to a useful goal, use the subtype ''PrematureTermination''. The difference between this and ''PrematureTermination'' may not be clear in some cases. " Implementation " "BusinessOperation" Examples: ending a business operation; Borderline cases: ending a clinical trial because of adverse effects or clear evidence of effectiveness. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'shutdown' in WordNet: 7. closure, closedown, closing, shutdown - (termination of operations; 'they regretted the closure of the day care center') WN verb 'shut down': 1. (2) close up, close, fold, shut down, close down - (cease to operate or cause to cease operating; 'The owners decided to move and to close the factory'; 'My business closes every night at 8 P.M.'; 'close up the shop')
Super-classes	EndingOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some HumanGroupActivity^c

Shuttlecock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shuttlecock`
Description	An approximately cone-shaped artifact that is designed to be struck bya badminton racquet and to fly gently to an opponent's position. The wider part is made of light material such as plastic or feathers, Onl the poined end is solid, and the wider part of the cone is closer to a sheet/ `@ToDO: add a shape of this kind?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shuttlecock' in WordNet: 1. shuttlecock, bird, birdie, shuttle - (badminton equipment consisting of a ball of cork or rubber with a crown of feathers)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c SportsEquipment^c GameArtifact^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value BadmintonGame^c

ShuttlingBackAndForth^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ShuttlingBackAndForth

Description

''ShuttlingBackAndForth'' is any translation motion that moves to one location and back to the original location at intervals, not necessarily 'periodic' the sense of being at regular intervals. This can be linear motion or a rotating motion that reverses periodicaly.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shuttle' in WordNet:
           1. (2) shuttle - (travel back and forth between two points)

Super-classes Movement-TranslationProcess^c
Oscillating^c

Shy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shy

Description

''Shy'' is an attribute of someone who is feeling ''Shyness'', a Feeling that makes a person reluctant to engage in social interaction due to some degree of Fear that that person may become embarrassed or give offense to others.

     Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'shy' in WordNet:
       1. (3) diffident, shy, timid, unsure - (lacking self-confidence;
         'stood in the doorway diffident and abashed'; 
         'problems that call for bold not timid responses'; 'a very unsure young man')

Super-classes Timid^c

Shyness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shyness`
Description	''Shyness'' is a ''Timidity'' in intersocial interactions - a reluctance to participate due to fear of embarrassment or of giving offense.. `CYC 'diffidence': Unsure of himself. Emotion of a person who feels hesitant, lacking self-confidence. Distrust in my own ability, opinions or powers Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shyness' in WordNet: 1. shyness - (a feeling of fear of embarrassment) WN noun 'diffidence': 1. diffidence, self-doubt, self-distrust - (lack of self-confidence)`
Super-classes	Timidity^c Doubt^c Humility^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value SelfConfidence^c

Sib^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sib`
Description	A GroupOfPeople, related by common descent on either the father's or mother's side. This is a technical term used in Anthropology. HRAF (614: SIBS): Presence of unilinear kin groups of traditional, but not actually traceable, common descent; number and distribution; affiliation (e.g., matrilineal, patrilineal); regulation of marriage (e.g., exogamy, agamy, endogamy); distinguishing characteristics (e.g., names, insignia, totemism, food taboos); origin and traditions; organization; headship and succession; prerogatives and obligations of members; solidarity and group responsibility; common property and cult; relationship to clans; unilinear kin groups intermediate between sibs and phratries; relations between sibs; etc.
Super-classes	KinshipGroup^c
Sub-classes	Clan^c

Sic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sic

Description

''Sic'' is taken from the Latin, meaning 'thus' (in that manner), characterizing a preceding word or phrase to mean that that phrase is quoted corectly, and may have been written that way intentionally..

        NOTE: the WN gloss mentions that it modifies a word or phrase 'intentionally'
           written, but it also is used to assert that the thing characterized 
           was qoted corectly.  In RHW 'sic':
              so; thus: usually written parenthetically to denote that a word, phrase, passage,
              etc., that may appear strange or incorrect has been written intentionally
              or has been quoted verbatim: 
                   He signed his name as e. e. cummings (sic).

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sic' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) sic - (intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase))

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

SiccingaDogOnSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiccingaDogOnSomeone`
Description	''SiccingaDogOnSomeone'' is an Action in which a Person does something - usually voicing some words but possibly making a gesture - that is intended to cause a ''Dog'' to attack another Person. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sic' in WordNet: 1. sic, set - (urge a dog to attack someone)`
Super-classes	UrgingAnAnimalToAct^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Assault^c hasIntendedAudience^op value AttackDog^c

Sick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sick`
Description	Sick is an AttributeValue of an organism that is in an AilmentCondition state. In COSMO this is very general, including those who are merely experiencing a dull ache. It is the opposite of 'Healthy'. Plants can be 'sick' so this is not specifically an AnimalAttributeValue. This is a synonym of 'ill' and 'ailing'. The term 'unwell' may also be used in the same sense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sick' and sense 1 of 'ill' and includes part of adj sense 1 of 'ailing' (doesn't include 'prone to illness') in WordNet: 1. (9) ill, sick - (affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function; 'ill from the monotony of his suffering') WN adj 'ailing': 1. (2) ailing, indisposed, peaked, poorly, sickly, unwell, under the weather, seedy - (somewhat ill or prone to illness; 'my poor ailing grandmother'; 'feeling a bit indisposed today'; 'you look a little peaked'; 'feeling poorly'; 'a sickly child'; 'is unwell and can't come to work')
Super-classes	Abnormal^c
Sub-classes	Insane^c Anemic^c Incurable^c MentallyIll^c Moribund^c Paraplegic^c Bedridden^c Nauseated^c

SickPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SickPerson`
Description	A ''SickPerson'' .is someone who has an ''AilmentCondition'', i.e. has attribute ''Sick''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sick person' in WordNet: 1. sick person, diseased person, sufferer - (a person suffering from an illness)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isTheSubjectOfState^op some AilmentCondition^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sick^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value AilmentCondition^c
Sub-classes	Lunatic^c DiabeticPerson^c DepressivePerson^c SchizophrenicPerson^c NeuroticPerson^c Leper^c PsychoticPerson^c

Sickle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sickle`
Description	A Device which consists of a short handle, and a head having a curved knife blade for reaping tall crops by cutting at the base, can be used with one hand. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sickle' in Wordnet: 1. sickle, reaping hook, reap hook - (an edge tool for cutting grass or crops; has a curved blade and a short handle)`
Super-classes	CuttingDevice^c HandTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c hasPhysicalPart^op value CurvedBlade^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ReapingCrops^c

Side^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Side`
Description	A specialization of #$Surface-Physical. Each instance of #$Side is a surface of some partially tangible object, and serves as a boundary between the inside and outside of that object. A 'side' is typically nearly flat, but in any case needs to be distinguishable by some edge. A sheet will have only two sides, but polygons may have many sides. Sides may be irregular and noticeably curved, such as the top side or bottom side of a vehicle, but this type focuses on the surface of the object, as long as some distinction of 'sides' is possible. `NOTE: a 'side' can have some depth and may have objects attached to the flatter part of the surface, like a ''Hillside''. Includes noun senses 4 and 5 of 'side' in WordNet: 4. (18) side - (an extended outer surface of an object; 'he turned the box over to examine the bottom side'; 'they painted all four sides of the house') 5. (12) side, face -- (a surface forming part of the outside of an object; 'he examined all sides of the crystal'; 'dew dripped from the face of the leaf')`
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c
Sub-classes	BottomSide^c FrontSide^c Hillside^c BackSide^c TopSide^c Mountainside^c

SideDish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SideDish`
Description	A ''SideDish'' accompanies an ''Entree''. (Main Course) If it is served before, it is an ''Appetizer''; if served after, a ''Dessert''. If not served in association with a ''Meal'' it is a ''Snack''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'side dish' in WordNet: 1. side dish, entremots - (a dish that is served with but is subordinate to a main course)`
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c DishOfFood^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value MultiCourseMeal^c
Sub-classes	FrenchFries^c

SideEffect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SideEffect`
Description	A 'SideEffect' is an Unintended Result of some ''PurposefulAction'' intended to cause some other effect. A 'SideEffect' is usually bad, but not necesarily. For ''SideEffect''s that are explicitly ''Undesirable'' use subtype ''Downside''. NOTE that this is by definition 'unintended' and 'unwanted', so calling this an 'unintended side effect' would be redundant in this classification. Includes both senses of 'side effect' and sense 1 of 'by-product' in Wordnet: 1. side effect - (a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy; 'severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug') 2. side effect, fallout - (any adverse and unwanted secondary effect; 'a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal') WN noun 'by-product' 1. (4) by-product, byproduct - (a secondary and sometimes unexpected consequence)
Super-classes	Event^c AccompanyingResult^c UnintendedEffect^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c isTheResultOf^op some PurposefulAction^c isCausedBy^op some PurposefulAction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c
Sub-classes	DrugSideEffect^c Downside^c

SideOfaBilateralObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SideOfaBilateralObject`
Description	Each 'SideOfaBilateralObject' is one half of a PhysicalObject that can be divided into halves that would not be called front, back, top,or bottom - most commonly left side and right side. For outdoor objects, geographical coordinates might be used (north side of an arena). NOTE: there is at least one tribe that does not use left and right, but geographical orientation such as north and south, even for indoor things. There may be other ways to describe oriented halves of things. Includes noun sense 1 and 3 of 'side' in WordNet: 1. (104) side - (a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location; 'they always sat on the right side of the church'; 'he never left my side') 3. (18) side - (either the left or right half of a body; 'he had a pain in his side')
Super-classes	OrientedPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (LeftAndRightSidedObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	MilitaryFlank^c FlankOfAnAnimal^c

SideView^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SideView`
Description	Each ''SideView'' is a ''View'' of some object from the 'side' - implying that the object viewed has a front and back. This is the 'View' - a LightPropagationEvent. For an image that represents a ''SideView'' use 'Profile''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'side view' in WordNet: 1. side view - (a view from the side of something)`
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	wasEmittedByObject^op value FrontAndBackSidedObject^c wasEmittedByObject^op value SideOfaBilateralObject^c

SideViewMirror^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SideViewMirror`
Description	`In RHW included in 'rearview mirror': RHW 'rearview mirror': a mirror mounted on the side, windshield, or instrument panel of an automobile or other vehicle to provide the driver with a view of the area behind the vehicle.`
Super-classes	Mirror^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value RoadVehicle^c

Sidearm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sidearm`
Description	Single-user, hand-held personal weapons such as a pistol or sword, designed to be carried on the person, and usable with one hand; typically carried in a special holder that the person wears, hanging from the belt or from the shoulder. All pistols are subtypes, but rifles and other firearms with a stock (rigid or foldable) are not. `RHW: 'a weapon, as a pistol or sword, carried at the side or in the belt.' The heavy ancient hand-and-a-half swords are borderline not incluided in this type, as they cannot be used by most people with one hand. NOTE: the Wordnet sense of 'side arm' does not include swords, and is represented by ''Handgun''.`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c SmallArm-Weapon^c
Sub-classes	Handgun^c BladedWeapon-NonProjectile^c

Sidebar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sidebar`
Description	A ''Sidebar'' is a short ''ProseArticle'' that is related to an article adjacent or otherwise close to another ''ProseArticle'' in the same publication. `NOTE: there should be a 'MainArticle' or 'MajorStory' to which a ''Sidebar'' is related. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sidebar' in WordNet: 2. sidebar - (a short news story presenting sidelights on a major story)`
Super-classes	ProseArticle^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c isaProperPartOf^op some AbstractDocument^c

Sideboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sideboard`
Description	A ''Sideboard'' is any ''Board'' used as a removable part of an open-top supporting object, added to the sides to prevent supported objects from falling off (and in some cases to increase carrying capacity of the supporting object) `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sideboard' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sideboard - (a removable board fitted on the side of a wagon to increase its capacity) 2. sideboard - (a board that forms part of the side of a bed or crib)`
Super-classes	Board^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op only (Bed^c or Wagon^c or OpenSidedSupportingObjectType^c)

Sideburn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sideburn`
Description	This is one 'sdeburn'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sideburn' in WordNet: 1. sideburn, burnside, mutton chop, side-whiskers - (beard grown down the side of a man's face in front of the ears (especially when the rest of the beard is shaved off))`
Super-classes	FacialHair^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyInFrontOf^op value Ear^c isAlongside^op value Ear^c

Siderite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Siderite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siderite' in WordNet: 1. siderite, chalybite - (iron ore in the form of ferrous carbonate)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c IronOre^c

Sidetracked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sidetracked

Description

''Sidetracked'' is an attribute of a Person who experienced ''BecomingDiverted'' by being induced to change the focus of some Activity by a ''DistractingaPerson'' Action.

      No WN sense for this concept.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Sidewalk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sidewalk`
Description	CYC: The collection of all sidewalks. This does not include walkways that are part of a building. They are outside, and often made of concrete or of a series of flat stones placed on the ground. If the ground is covered in some way, and the path created is intended for walking and adjacent to a ''Roadway'', then it is a sidewalk. Types of paved outside footpath that are not adjacent to a Roadway are instances of the parent type ''PavedWalkway''. `SUMO: A prepared path for pedestrians alongside a Roadway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sidewalk' and sense 3 of 'pavement' in Wordnet: 1. (16) sidewalk, pavement - (walk consisting of a paved area for pedestrians; usually beside a street or roadway)`
Super-classes	Footpath^c PublicProperty^c PavedWalkway^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Roadway^c

Sideways^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sideways

Description

'Sideways'is an attribute of a motion or direction, specifying that motion or orientation is neither forward no backward (relative to the 'front' direction that an object is pointed at), but toward one side or another.

  These senses can be differentiated, but that will take additional classes. @ToDo.

  Includes all adverb senses of 'sideways' in Wordnet:
    1. sideways, sideway, sidewise - (with one side forward or to the front;
       'turned sideways to show the profile'; 'crabs seeming to walk sidewise')
2. sideway, sideways, sidewise - (from the side; obliquely; 'a picture lit sideways';
   'scenes viewed sidewise')
3. sideways, sideway, sidewise - (toward one side; 'the car slipped sideways into the ditch';
   'leaning sideways'; 'a figure moving sidewise in the shadows')
    4. sidelong, sideways, obliquely - (to, toward or at one side;
           'darting eyes looking sidelong out of a wizened face')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sidling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sidling`
Description	A manner of walking (for people only) in which a person walks slowly in small steps in the direction of something, usually another person. Commonly expressed in the phrase 'sidle up to'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sidle' in WordNet: 1. (2) sidle - (move unobtrusively or furtively; 'The young man began to sidle near the pretty girl sitting on the log')`
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unobtrusive^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quiet^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Slow^c

Siege^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Siege

Description

A ''Siege'' is a ''Blockade'' that includes active military action beyond just preventing movement into or out of the area under siege..

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siege' in WordNet:
        1. (2) siege, besieging, beleaguering, military blockade -
         (the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack)
      WN verb  'besiege':
       1. (2) besiege, beleaguer, surround, hem in, circumvent - (surround so as to force 
            to give up; 'The Turks besieged Vienna')

Super-classes Blockade^c

Siemens^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Siemens

Description

SI electric conductance measure. Symbol: S. In the case of direct current, the conductance in Siemens is the reciprocal of the resistance in Ohms; in the case of alternating current, it is the reciprocal of the impedance in ohms. siemens = A/V = m^(-2)kg(-1)s^(3)*A^2.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siemens' in WordNet:
      1. mho, siemens, reciprocal ohm, S - (a unit of conductance equal to the reciprocal of an ohm)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Siesta^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Siesta`
Description	A ''Siesta'' is a ''Nap'' taken in the early afernoon,especially shortly after lunch. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siesta' in WordNet: 1. siesta - (a nap in the early afternoon (especially in hot countries))`
Super-classes	Nap^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value Afternoon^c

Sieve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sieve`
Description	A Screen-like ''PhysicalFilter'' that may be used for filtering liquids or sorting granulated solids by size. It has holes larger than those in a typical ''Filter''. `NOTE that a ''Sieve'' may be used for filtering a liquid, but a ''Filter'' cannot be used for ''Sieving'' granulated solids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sieve' in WordNet: 1. (1) sieve, screen - (a strainer for separating lumps from powdered material or grading particles)`
Super-classes	Strainer^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Sieving^c

Sieved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sieved`
Description	''Sieved'' is the attribute of some liquid object that has had particles removed by ''Sieving'' .
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sievert^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sievert

Description

SI dose equivalent measure. Symbol: Sv. It is a unit of biologic dose of ionizing radiation. The Sievert makes it possible to normalize doses of different types of radiation. It takes into account the relative biologic effectiveness of ionizing radiation, since each form of such radiation - - e.g., X rays, gamma rays, neutrons - - has a slightly different effect on living tissue for a given absorbed dose. The dose equivalent of a given type of radiation (in Sievert) is the dose of the radiation in Gray multiplied by a quality factor that is based on the relative biologic effectiveness of the radiation. Accordingly, one Sievert is generally defined as the amount of radiation roughly equivalent in biologic effectiveness to one Gray of gamma radiation. Sievert = J/kg = m^2*s^(-2).

    RHW: the SI unit of dose equivalent when the absorbed dose is measured in gray.

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

Sieving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sieving`
Description	''Sieving'' is a separation event using a ''Sieve'', which has a screen-like sheet of crossed wires to separate larger from smaller `Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'sieve' in WordNet: 3. sift, sieve, strain - (separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements; 'sift the flour')`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Sieve^c hadObjectModified^op some GranularSubstanceType^c

Sifting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sifting`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sift' and verb sense 3 of 'sieve' in WordNet: 2. (1) sift, sieve, strain - (separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements; 'sift the flour')`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op min 2

Sigh^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sigh

Description

An audible breathing Sound suggesting disappointent or resignation to a situation.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sigh' in WordNet:
           1. (6) sigh, suspiration - (an utterance made by exhaling audibly)

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Sighing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sighing`
Description	Making a soft audible breathing sound; a type of ''vocalizing'' that is not actually ''Speaking''. `CYC: Exhaling longer, with more air than normal, often with a soft noise; usually connotes emotion, such as relief or melancholy. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sigh' in WordNet: 1. (24) sigh, suspire - (heave or utter a sigh; breathe deeply and heavily; 'She sighed sadly')`
Super-classes	Vocalizing^c MakingAnOralSound^c Exhaling^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Sigh^c lacks^op value Speaking^c

SightSeeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SightSeeing`
Description	A specialization of #$VisitingASite. Instances of #$SightSeeing are events in which people travel around a geographic location (e.g., a city), visiting the notable sites (e.g., landmarks, museums, zoo, ...) there. This collection does not include more participatory activities, such as going to the beach to swim or tan, running with the bulls in Spain, attending a play, opera, movie, ... unless those activities are strictly aimed at tourists, e.g., riding a camel in front of the pyramids. `This sense includes 'Tour' (touring) as a subtype. The difference is that SightSeeing can be local and not require visiting more than one place. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'sightseeing' in WordNet: 1. (2) sightseeing, rubber-necking - (going about to look at places of interest)`
Super-classes	Observing^c Travel-TripEvent^c PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	Tour^c TouringACity^c

Sighting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sighting

Description

A ''Sighting'' is an act of ''Looking'' in which something first comes into sight and is recognized insome way (as a type of thing or individual).

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sighting' in WordNet:
         1. sighting - (the act of observing; "several sightings of enemy troops were reported")
       WN verb 'sight':
         1. (4) sight - (catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; 
             'he caught sight of the king's men coming over the ridge')

Super-classes Spotting^c
Looking^c

Sightless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sightless`
Description	The Attribute of an object of not being able to see through an eye or some analogous sensor. For inability to see when the ability to see would be the normal condition, use the more specific 'Blind'. `logically equivalent to (lacks XXX SeeingAbility). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sightless' in Wordnet: 1. eyeless, sightless, unseeing - (lacking sight; 'blind as an eyeless beggar')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Blind^c

Sign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sign`
Description	A Sign is something that refers to something other than itself. This is a broad and relatively abstract category; it may be a single entity or a group of entities. It can be an Object, an Event, a Process, or an Attribute. This is a very general category. A Sign may be Physical or Abstract or Mental. 'Sign' is a very general concept, and is used primarily through its specialized subtypes. A physical phenomenon (smoke) can be a sign (of a smoke-producing process), and an AbstractSymbolicObject such as the abstract string 'cat' can be a sign that refers to some animals in the real world. This includes most meanings of 'sign' in Wordnet, directly or as subtypes; see the subtypes for WN senses missing from this entry; the subtypes will be more specific. in WordNet: 3. (4) signal, signaling, sign - (any communication that encodes a message; 'signals from the boat suddenly stopped') 6. (1) sign - ((medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease; 'there were no signs of asphyxiation') 8. (1) augury, sign, foretoken, preindication - (an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come; 'he hoped it was an augury'; 'it was a sign from God') 10. sign - (a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; 'The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary'- de Saussure) 11. sign - (a character indicating a relation between quantities; 'don't forget the minus sign')
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c Individual^c
Sub-classes	RepresentingSomething^c SignObject^c Omen^c FacialExpression^c SignLanguageSign^c Mark^c SignLanguageGesturing^c Trace^c Representation^c Symptom^c HeadShake^c GenericLabel^c Halo^c SymbolicGesturing^c Evidence^c

SignLanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignLanguage`
Description	Any HumanLanguage that uses hand gestures to communicate. This include ASL, in which signs represent words, as well as sign languages where the signs only represent letters which spell out the words in the local language (as in Russian sign language). `CYC: A collection of languages. Each element of #$SignLanguage is a language in which hand gestures are the primary means of communication, instead of spoken utterances, e.g., #$AmericanSignLanguage. Note that #$SignLanguage is not itself a language, but a collection. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sign language' in WordNet: 1. sign language, signing - (language expressed by visible hand gestures)`
Super-classes	ArtificialLanguage^c
Sub-classes	AmericanSignLanguage^c

SignLanguageGesture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignLanguageGesture`
Description	A 'SignLanguageGesture'' is a ''Gesture'' that that is a static configuration of bodyparts used in a ''SignLanguage'' to convey some concept. This is one type of ''SignLanguageSign''; the other type is a ''SignLanguageSignAction'', which depends on the actual movement of the hands and/or lips, not just the static configuration of the hands, to convey a concept meaning. `Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'sign' in WordNet: 9. (1) sign - (a gesture that is part of a sign language)`
Super-classes	Gesture^c SignLanguageSign^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c uses^op value BothHands^c
Sub-classes	HandShape^c

SignLanguageGesturing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignLanguageGesturing`
Description	''SignLanguageGesturing'' is a ''SymbolicGesturing'' used in human sign language that may produce either a static configuration of body parts (such as a ''HandShape'') or a series of ''SymbolicGesture''s that in combination convey a standard meaning in a ''SignLanguage''. `Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'sign' in WordNet: 7. sign - (communicate in sign language; 'I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin')`
Super-classes	NonVerbalCommunicating^c SymbolicGesturing^c Sign^c GesturingWithTheHands^c
Restrictions	produces^op value SignLanguageSign^c usesResource^op value SignLanguage^c
Sub-classes	SignLanguageSignAction^c

SignLanguageSign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignLanguageSign`
Description	A ''SignLanguageSign'' is a ''Sign'' used in some ''SignLanguage''.This can be a static configuration of the hands, represeated as a ''SignLanguageGesture'', or can be a ''SignLanguageSignAction'', which depends on the movemen of the hands and/or lips to convey the intended concept meaning, not just the static configuration of the hands. `The different types of 'sign' in ''SignLanguage'' are distinguished as the subtypes, because the two types are Actions and Objects, which are disjoint in COSMO and need to not be conflated. This type is a higher-level type that can combine both subtypes when reference to both is intended.`
Super-classes	Sign^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value SignLanguageGesturing^c
Sub-classes	HandShape^c SignLanguageGesture^c SignLanguageSignAction^c

SignLanguageSignAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignLanguageSignAction`
Description	A ''SignLanguageSignAction'' is a ''SignLanguageSign'' that derives meaning from the actual movement of the hands and/or lips,not just from the static configuration of the hands.
Super-classes	Representation^c SignLanguageSign^c SignLanguageGesturing^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some SignLanguageType^c hasBodypartMoved^op value Hand^c expressesMentalObject^op some (LinguisticObject^c or Concept^c)

SignLanguageType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignLanguageType`
Description	''SignLanguageType'' is a subtype of ''LanguageType'' can serve as type for subtypes of 'SignLanguage'
Super-classes	LanguageType^c
Members	AmericanSignLanguage SignLanguage

SignObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignObject`
Description	A SignObject is a PhysicalObject that is a Sign of something other than itself. It is not necessarily an Artifact.
Super-classes	Sign^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	TextMarking^c Marker^c PhysicalTrace^c

SignType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Sign as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Dizziness Record CriminalRecord PhysicalEvidence MusicRecord Hint Clue FalseEvidence WinLossRecord PerformanceRecord MedicalSymptom Harbinger Password SignObject Numbness RecordBook Identification Indication Lightheadedness CumulativeEvidence PositiveIdentification Sign MovieRecord Trace ReasoningRecord Symptom Hiccup Halo VitalSign Evidence Heartburn

Signal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Signal`
Description	A specialization of #$InformationBearingThing (IBT). Each instance of #$Signal is an IBT which may be interpreted (whether by a conscious user of learned signalling rules, by a computer program, or even by a cell in terms of its subsequent behaviour) as conveying some specific information. Examples include car-horn honkings, internet packets, and proteins which travel into cells across the plasma membrane. An important specialization of this collection is #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Note that this collection is intended to embrace only signals themselves, not events of signalling. On the importance of keeping these two separate, see the comment on #$InformationBearingThing. The distinction between this collection and #$SymbolicThing lies in the fact that #$Signals are one-time-only transfers of specific information, whereas a #$SymbolicThing is open to its characteristic interpretation any time it is encountered. See also #$signifiesTo, #$signifiedBy. NOTE: a ''Signal'' can be output by a Device - the important category of ''ElectricalSignal'' is a subtype, representing noun sense 3. NOTE: IN SUMO, Signaling is an IntentionalProcess and since this 'Signal' Type is not necessarily intentional, the SUMO category is a subtype. See also 'SignalEvent' and 'SignalAction' NOTE: every 'Detection' Event creates some 'Signal', but a 'Signal' can be generated by other types of Event. This is also the 'signal' portion of a noisy 'signal' as in 'signal to noise ratio'. In SUMO, the closest type 'Signalling' is a voluntary Event, not the same as this more abstract type: SUMO: Signalling is the subclass of Guiding processes in which an agent, animate or inanimate, sends a signal to another Object. In many cases, this signal will be an electrical or electronic one. Some signals may directly control the behavior of the object signalled, while others may merely cause information to be presented. Instances of electrical Signalling are typically more complex than simply than operation of a DeviceSwitch, though in some cases, Signalling involves remote activation of such a switch by another device. Includes but is not restricted to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'signal' in WordNet; not represented in WordNet are biochemical 'signals' in living systems: in WordNet: 1. (19) signal, signaling, sign - (any communication that encodes a message; 'signals from the boat suddenly stopped') 2. (1) signal - (any incitement to action; 'he awaited the signal to start'; 'the victory was a signal for wild celebration')
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalSignal^c Gesture^c SignalingAction^c SensorSignal^c VisualSignal^c AlarmSignal^c FacialExpression^c WarningSignal^c MakingAGesture^c Indicator^c BugleCall^c

SignalDisplayDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignalDisplayDevice`
Description	A 'SignalDisplayDevice' is a ''DisplayDevice'' that reeives a ''SensorSignal'' and converts it into a form that displays the information in a visible format interpretable by humans.
Super-classes	DisplayDevice^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value SensorSignal^c uses^op value SensorSignal^c
Sub-classes	Gauge^c

SignalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignalEvent`
Description	A SignalEvent is any Event in which a signal is generated by the action of an Agent (which may be an Automaton, a programmed device), whether or not the Agent intends for the signal to be interpreted by other Agents. COSMO note: In Cyc the distinction between a signal event and a thing that might be interpreted as a signal is not clear (see the mention of a protein). In COSMO, every Signal is an Event. Note that this is not the information content of a signal, but the event that causes information to move from one place to another. Cyc: A specialization of #$InformationBearingThing (IBT). Each instance of #$Signal is an IBT which may be interpreted (whether by a conscious user of learned signalling rules, by a computer program, or even by a cell in terms of its subsequent behaviour) as conveying some specific information. Examples include car-horn honkings, internet packets, and proteins which travel into cells across the plasma membrane. An important specialization of this collection is #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Note that this collection is intended to embrace only signals themselves, not events of signalling. On the importance of keeping these two separate, see the comment on #$InformationBearingThing. The distinction between this collection and #$SymbolicThing lies in the fact that #$Signals are one-time-only transfers of specific information, whereas a #$SymbolicThing is open to its characteristic interpretation any time it is encountered. See also #$signifiesTo, #$signifiedBy.
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c InformationTransferEvent^c
Sub-classes	InformationBearingWavePropagation^c

SignalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignalType`
Description	''SignalType'' is a metatype that can be used to enumerate type of Signals (subtypes of ''Signal'') so that relations may refer to the signal types without requiring specifying the individual Signal instance.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Indicator SignalingAction SensorSignal AlarmSignal WarningSignal Skyrocket AlarmSound BugleCall FireAlarmSignal VisualSignal ElectricalSignal Signal Reveille

SignalingAction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignalingAction

Description

An Action that causes a Signal to be transmitted. The Signal can be electronic or linguistic, or a sign (as in sticking out the thumb when ''Hitchhiking'' or hoisting a flag), so this is very general.

    This is The SUMO approximate equivalent of Cyc  'Signal'.

     Includes but is not restricted to verb sense 'signal' in WordNet:
       1. (4) sign, signal, signalize, signalise - (communicate silently and non-verbally 
       by signals or signs; 'He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture';
       'The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu')

Super-classes Signal^c
PurposefulAction^c

SignalingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignalingDevice`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'signaling device' in WordNet: 1. signaling device - (a device used to send signals)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	Buzzer^c

Signature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Signature`
Description	A 'Signature' is a short 'HandwrittenText' (the physical object) whose content is the name of a person (possibly with titles); its purpose is to attest to the fact that the person who wrote it read or approves of the document it is attached to, or is a party to the agreement it is attached to. It is more formal than just writing one's name, as it is used as a means of identification, and should be relatively similar from one instance to the next. This type is the physical object containing the signature, not the abstract text. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'signature' in WordNet: 1. (1) signature - - (your name written in your own handwriting)`
Super-classes	HandwrittenText^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value NameString^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value PersonName^c
Sub-classes	Autograph^c

Signed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Signed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'signed' in Wordnet: 1. (3) signed - (having a handwritten signature; 'a signed letter')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

SignedInSignLanguage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SignedInSignLanguage

Description

''SignedInSignLanguage'' is the adjective characterizing gestures or abstract ''InformationObject''s produced by ''SignLanguageGesturing''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'signed' in Wordnet:
           2. gestural, sign, signed, sign-language - (used of the language of the deaf)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Significance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Significance

Description

'Significance' is an AttributeType whose values include 'Significant', 'Insignificant' and similar values.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'significance' in WordNet:
           1. (21) significance - (the quality of being significant;
           'do not underestimate the significance of nuclear power)

Super-classes Importance^c

Significant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Significant`
Description	To be ''Significant'' is to have a size, effect, or relevance to some purpose such that it should not be ignored. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'significant' in WordNet: 1. (19) significant, important - (important in effect or meaning; 'a significant change in tax laws'; 'a significant change in the Constitution'; 'a significant contribution'; 'significant details'; 'statistically significant')`
Super-classes	Salient^c
Sub-classes	Perceptible^c StatisticallySignificant^c Probatory^c Front-page^c Important^c Paramount^c

Significantly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Significantly

Description

''Significantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues (comparatives) to create more intensive QualitativeAttributeValues (e.g. 'significantly higher); but it can also be used as an adverb of manner ('affected significantly').

      For the formal satistical meaning of 'significantly use ''Significantly-Statistics''

     This is an  AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which 
        the thing modified by an adjective possesses or conforms to 
        the adjective modified by this adverb.
           The levels of intensity from low to high are:
             "Somewhat"
             "Moderately"
             "Significantly"
             "Rather"
             "Very"
             Extremely

         NOTE:'important' and 'significant' are close in some contexts;
           statistical significance is broken out separately when needed.

        Includes adverb senses  2 and 3 of 'significantly' in WordNet:
    2. (4) significantly - (in a significant manner; 
      'our budget will be significantly affected by these new cuts')
        3. importantly, significantly - (in an important way or to an important degree;
           "more importantly, Weber held that the manifold meaning attached
            to the event by the social scientist could alter his definition
            of the concrete event itself")

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Significantly-Statistics^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Significantly-Statistics

Description

''Significantly-Statistics'' is an AdverbialModifier with a formal mathematical meaning that can modify comparatives or correlations to specify that the difference or the correlation satisfies the mathematical criterion for 'significance'

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'significantly' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) significantly - (in a statistically significant way; 
               'the two groups differed significantly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

SigningSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SigningSomething`
Description	'SigningSomething' is the act of writing one's name or initials in text on some surface - usually paper,but it could be any surface, such as an athlete signing a baseball or football. `The resulting text is called a 'Signature'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sign' in WordNet: 1. (16) sign, subscribe - (mark with one's signature; write one's name (on); 'She signed the letter and sent it off'; 'Please sign here')`
Super-classes	WritingByHand^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Signature^c
Sub-classes	InitialingSomething^c EndorsingaCheck^c

Silence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silence`
Description	An PersistentState characterized by the absence of Sound. The absence of specific kinds of Sound can be represented by subtypes of this type, as in 'PeopleSilence'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'silence' in WordNet: 2. (10) silence, quiet - (the absence of sound; 'he needed silence in order to sleep'; 'the street was quiet')`
Super-classes	Absence^c NonEvent^c EnvironmentalCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	Hush^c PeopleSilence^c

SilencingPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SilencingPeople`
Description	Each 'SilencingPeople' is a 'Reduction' Action in which some agent acts to cause other agents to cease talking. The result is intended to be no talking, but may only reduce the num ber of people talking. This is a 'SilencingPeople' even if only some people stop talking as the result of the event (e.g. yelling 'Silence!'). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'silence' in WordNet: 1. (4) hush, quieten, silence, still, shut up, hush up - (cause to be quiet or not talk; 'Please silence the children in the church!')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value QuietingDown^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Speaking^c
Sub-classes	ShushingPeople^c

Silent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silent

Description

'Silent' is an AttributeValue of an Object or Place where there is no or almost no perceivable sound. For small amounts of sound (substantially less than might be expected), use 'Quiet'. For Objects, they should be making no perceptible sound. Objects that make little sound are 'Quiet'.

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'silent' and sense 2 of 'still' in WordNet:
       1. (18) silent, soundless, still - - (marked by absence of sound; 
         'a silent house'; 'soundless footsteps on the grass'; 'the night was still')
        2. (10) mum, silent - - (failing to speak or communicate 
           etc when expected to; 'the witness remained silent')

Super-classes Quiet^c

Silently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silently

Description

'''Silently'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions indicate that the Action was performed without making any noise (not just not talking), usually so as to avoid notice by some other Person(s).

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'silently' in WordNet:
         1. (4) mutely, wordlessly, silently, taciturnly - 
            (without speaking; 'he sat mutely next to her')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Silhouette^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silhouette

Description

A Silhouette is a two-dimensional shape that is characterized only by the patterns of the edges. In visual representations, a Silhouette is filled with black. For the two-dimension figure using only the line tracing the edge, use 'Outline'.

   Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'silhouette' in Wordnet:
      1. (5) silhouette - (an outline of a solid object (as cast by its shadow))
      2. silhouette - (a drawing of the outline of an object; filled in with some uniform color)

Super-classes Shape^c

Silicon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silicon

Description

The element with fourteen protons in each nucleus.

    CYC: A piece of silicon; this is usually a solid, at
        least here on Earth.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silicon' in WordNet:
        1. silicon, Si, atomic number 14 - (a tetravalent nonmetallic element;
           next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; 
           occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; 
           used as a semiconductor in transistors)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c
SolidSubstance^c
NonMetal^c

SiliconAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiliconAtom`
Description	One atom of ''Silicon''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes.
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Silicon^c

SiliconDioxide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiliconDioxide

Description

The compound with one ''Slicon'' and two ''Oxygen''s in each molecule - SiO2.

       CYC:#$SiliconDioxide is the collection of macroscopic
        portions of the organic compound SiO2. Each instance, under
        normal conditions, is a white or colorless crystalline
        compound, occurring commonly as #$Quartz.  It is used to
        manufacture a wide variety of materials such as glass and concrete.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silicon dioxide' in WordNet:
         1. silica, silicon oxide, silicon dioxide -
            (a white or colorless vitreous insoluble solid (SiO2); 
            various forms occur widely in the earth's crust as quartz 
            or cristobalite or tridymite or lechartelierite)

Super-classes InorganicMaterial^c
Dioxide^c

Silicone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silicone

Description

A type of Polymer (substance) whose polymer chain consists of mostly of alternating Silicon and Oxygen atoms, with some organic moiety attached to many of the Silicon atoms.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silicone' in WordNet:
           1. (1) silicone, silicone polymer - (any of a large class of siloxanes that are 
             unusually stable over a wide range of temperatures; used in lubricants and adhesives 
             and coatings and synthetic rubber and electrical insulation)

Super-classes Siloxane^c
Polymer^c

Silicosis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silicosis

Description

A specialization of #$Pneumoconiosis. Silicosis is a lung diseases that develops following the inhalation of crystalline silica dust (usually quartz). Silicosis is an occupational hazard for miners.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silicosis' in WordNet:
          1. silicosis - (a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate)

Super-classes Pneumoconiosis^c

Silk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silk

Description

'Silk' is a 'HairLikeSubstance' produced as thin fibers by the silkworm. For 'silk' the woven fabric use 'SilkFabric'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'silk' in WordNet:
        2. (1) silk - - (fibers from silkworm cocoons provide threads for knitting)

Super-classes FibrousSubstance^c
OrganicSubstance^c

SilkFabric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SilkFabric`
Description	'SilkFabric' is a woven ''Cloth'' made from Silk (fibers of silk thread). This is a Substance, not a piece of silk. One distinctive characteristic of ''SilkFabric'' is its ''Shiny'' appearance, somewhat resembling ''Satin''. `NOTE that it is a subtype of ''Cloth'' meaning that it is woven, not flocked. This is similar to the Cyc class 'SilkCloth', but in Cyc that is an Object, not a Substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silk' in WordNet: 1. (6) silk - - (a fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain insect larvae)`
Super-classes	SilkOrLace^c FibrousSubstance^c Cloth^c OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Shiny^c

SilkOrLace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SilkOrLace`
Description	''SilkOrLace'' is the union of 'SilkFabric' and ''Lace''
Super-classes	FibrousSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c Cloth^c
Sub-classes	SilkFabric^c Lace^c

Silkworm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silkworm

Description

The larval stage of a silk-producing moth.

    Wikipedia: The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar of
     Bombyx mori (Latin: 'silkworm of the mulberry tree'),
     the domesticated silkmoth. A moth in the family Bombycidae, 
     it is very important economically as the producer of silk.
     It is entirely dependent on humans for its reproduction and 
     no longer occurs naturally in the wild. Sericulture has been practised 
     for at least 5,000 years in China. A silkworm's preferred food 
     is white mulberry leaves, but it may also eat the leaves of 
     the Osage Orange or the Tree of Heaven. It is native to northern China.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silkworm' in WordNet:
      1. (1) silkworm - - (hairless white caterpillar of the 
      Asian silkworm moth; source of most commercial silk)

Super-classes Moth^c
Caterpillar^c

Silky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silky`
Description	To be ''Silky'' is to be ''Shiny'' in a manner resembling the light reflecting quality of silk or satin or velvet - smooth and not dull, but not like a mirror, rather with multiple fine thread-lke ridges that slightly diffuse reflected light. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siky' in WordNet: 1. (1) glossy, satiny, sleek, silken, silky, silklike, slick - (having a smooth, gleaming surface; 'glossy auburn hair'; 'satiny gardenia petals'; 'sleek black fur'; 'silken eyelashes'; 'silky skin'; 'a silklike fabric'; 'slick seals and otters')`
Super-classes	Shiny^c Smooth^c
Sub-classes	Velvety^c

Sill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sill`
Description	A ''Sill'' is the bottom part of a portal (door or window) in a Building. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sill' in WordNet: 1. (2) sill - (structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming the lowest member of a framework or supporting structure)`
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c SupportingObject^c HorizontalSurface^c StructuralMember^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Portal^c
Sub-classes	DoorSill^c WindowLedge^c

Silly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silly

Description

''Silly'' is a more intense form of 'Unreasonable' in that the belief or plan thus labeled is obviously not true or unworkable.

   Even more intense than this are HalfBaked' and 'Ridiculous'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'silly' in WordNet:
      3. pathetic, ridiculous, silly - (inspiring scornful pity; 
         'how silly an ardent and unsuccessful wooer can be especially
           if he is getting on in years'- Dashiell Hammett)

Super-classes Unreasonable^c

Siloxane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Siloxane`
Description	A ''Siloxane'' tecnically can be an oligomer or a polymer, but for this entry only the polymer is represented. The characteristic atom group is more than one silicon bound to a single oxygen: ( -Si-O-Si-). Wikipedia: A siloxane is a functional group in organosilicon chemistry with the Si-O-Si linkage. The parent siloxanes include the oligomeric and polymeric hydrides with the formulae H(OSiH2)nOH and (OSiH2)n. Siloxanes also include branched compounds, the defining feature of which is that each pair of silicon centres is separated by one oxygen atom. The siloxane functional group forms the backbone of silicones, the premier example of which is polydimethylsiloxane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siloxane' in WordNet: 1. siloxane - (any of a large class of compounds that have alternate silicon and oxygen atoms)
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Silicone^c

SiloxaneGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiloxaneGroup`
Description	A ''SiloxaneGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing one atom of Oxygen and two of Silicon, with the two Silicons attached to the same Oxygen.
Super-classes	ChemicalMoiety^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOxygenAtom^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoSiliconAtoms^c

Silt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silt`
Description	''Silt'' is the granular substance created from drifting ''Soil'' in a stream by a ''Silting'' process.. `Corresponds to the ''Substance'' noun sense 1 included 'silt' in WordNet: 1. silt - (mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake)`
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Silting^c hasComponentSubstance^op some Soil^c

SiltBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiltBed`
Description	A 'SiltBed' is a layer of ''Soil'' deposited at some point in a ''Stream'' by a ''Silting'' process.. `Corresponds to the ''Object'' noun sense 1 of 'silt' in WordNet: 1. silt - (mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake)`
Super-classes	Agglomeration^c Pile^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value Silting^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Silt^c

Silting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silting`
Description	''Silting'' is the movement of particles of soil due to the current of a ''stream'' that slows down sufficiently to allow the particles to settle out. This creates an ''Acumulation'' of ''Silt'', which may be fertile (as in the Nile valley) or sufficient to clog a stream and reate problems, as behind a dam. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'silt' in WordNet: 1. silt up, silt - (become chocked with silt; "The river silted up")`
Super-classes	Drifting^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Soil^c hasParticipant^op value Water^c produced^op some Silt^c

Silver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silver`
Description	The metallic element silver, has 47 protons in the nucleus. It oxidizes in air to get a patina of variable color. It has a silvery color. Used in jewelry, tableware, electronics. Used to be used in coinage, but is seldom used for that purpose now. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silver' in WordNet: 1. (4) silver, Ag, atomic number 47 - (a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography)`
Super-classes	UnalloyedMetal^c PreciousMetal^c
Sub-classes	SterlingSilver^c

SilverColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SilverColor

Description

The attribute of having a color that is a light gray; the color of the metal Silver (or Mercury). When this is the color of a smooth flat surface, it is typically highly refective, like a mirror. 'by the light of the silvery moon'

     Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'silver' in WordNet:
       3. (2) ash grey, ash gray, silver, silver grey, silver gray - 
        (a light shade of grey)
     WN adj 'silver:
       1. (1) argent, silver, silvery, silverish -- (of lustrous grey;
              covered with or tinged with the color of silver; "silvery hair")
       2. (4) silver, silvern, silvery - (having the white lustrous sheen 
          of silver; 'a land of silver (or silvern) rivers where the salmon leap';
          'repeated scrubbings have given the wood a silvery sheen')

Super-classes GrayColor^c

SilverPlate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SilverPlate`
Description	A ''CoatingOfSilver'' produced by ''SilverPlating'' (includes Sheffield Plate). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'silver plate' in WordNet: 2. silver plate - (a thin layer of silver deposited on something)`
Super-classes	CoatingOfSilver^c MetalObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value SilverPlating^c
Sub-classes	SilverPlatedTableware^c

SilverPlatedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SilverPlatedObject`
Description	Any Object Plated with ''Silver''.
Super-classes	MetalObject^c
Restrictions	surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Silver^c wasCoveredInAction^op value SilverPlating^c isProducedByEventType^op value SilverPlating^c hasSurfacePart^op value CoatingOfSilver^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Coated^c

SilverPlatedTableware^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SilverPlatedTableware`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silver plate' in WordNet: 1. silver plate - (tableware that is plated with silver)`
Super-classes	Tableware^c SilverPlate^c

SilverPlating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SilverPlating`
Description	This is for both electrolytic plating and the Sheffield plating process. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'silverplate' in WordNet: 1. silverplate, silver-plate - (plate with silver; 'silverplate a watch')`
Super-classes	PlatingMetal^c
Restrictions	produces^op value SilverPlate^c requiresResource^op value Silver^c produces^op value CoatingOfSilver^c

Silverfish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silverfish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'silverfish' in WordNet: 2. silverfish - (a silvery variety of Carassius auratus)`
Super-classes	Thysanuron^c Vermin^c

Similar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Similar`
Description	'Similar' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of a Group that is used to compare attributes of individuals (including appearance or class or type membership) that are close but distinguishable in value, though the individuals having that attribute are different (not identical). If the degree of similarity in some attribute is such that that attribute is indistinguishable in the two individuals, the AttributeValue 'Same' should be used. NOTE that asserting the attribute ''Similar'' by itself does not indicate in what respect the members of the Group are ''Similar'' MORE SPECIFICALLY the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' can be used to specify the attribute(s) of a Group that are ''Similar'' within that Group. see ''Similarity''' for one way of expressing similarity within a Group.. The difference in usage is this: one may assert that two things are similar without being specific about what quality is similar, or can specify that they are similar in a certain quality - but to specify exactly what the difference is, the AttributeValue 'Similarity' can be asserted for that Pair of things. The adjective 'similar' when used to modify a noun usually follows mention of some referent entity in focus and then refers to other objects of the type modified (following the word 'similar'), thereby having the character of a logical function that creates an instance of a similar thing. Need FOL for this. 'pepper and similar hot spices' WN 'as' From RHW: WN 15. as . . . as, (used to express similarity or equality in a specified characteristic, condition, etc., as between one person or thing and another): as rich as Croesus. This type includes adjective senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'similar' and sense 1 of 'alike' in WordNet, but the combining form '-like' is used in a different syntactic pattern, and often indicates only a vague similarity; the phrase 'as ... as ...' is also used to indicate similarity: in Wordnet: 1. (65) similar - - (marked by correspondence or resemblance; 'similar food at similar prices'; 'problems similar to mine'; 'they wore similar coats') 2. (7) alike, similar, like - - (having the same or similar characteristics; 'all politicians are alike'; 'they looked utterly alike'; 'friends are generally alike in background and taste') 3. like, similar - - (resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; 'suits of like design'; 'a limited circle of like minds'; 'members of the cat family have like dispositions'; 'as like as two peas in a pod'; 'doglike devotion'; 'a dreamlike quality')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Akin^c Comparable^c SimilarLooking^c LikeMinded^c

SimilarLooking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimilarLooking`
Description	''SimilarLooking'' is a subattribute of ''Similar'' characterizing PhysicalObjects that have a similar visual appearance. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'look-alike' in Wordnet: 1. look-alike - (resembling closely; 'they have look-alike cars')`
Super-classes	Similar^c
Sub-classes	Matched^c

Similarity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Similarity`
Description	a ''Similarity'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' (a ''Quality'') and a PersistentState in which a ''SimilarityGroup'' of two or more items are similar in some characteristic(s). For being alike in appearance, use subtype ''Resembling''. The attribute(s) with respect to which a SimilarityGroup is 'similar' can be represented by a ''AttributeGroup'', and that ''AttributeGroup'' will reference the similar attributes) using the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (pointing to the AttributeGroup) A Similarity can be a Quality of two or more entities at some particular time, or of the diachronically same entity at different times. The common-sense notion of 'similarity' implies that the things that are 'similar' are not in fact the same thing (at the same time); but a similarity can hold for the same entity at different times; therefore if the same entity at different times is being compared, it is necessary to specify the times at which the comaprison is being made - that can be done in several ways. When asked to describe similarities, the list should include those properties (attributes or relations) that are little different between nonidentical entities. There may also be many differences, but the differences are not part of the 'similarity' attribute. This concept of 'similarity' is therefore a 'similarity with respect to some AttributeType'. To be a similarity, the value of the attribute(s) that is similar should be held by less than half of the things that have that Attribute. How close the values have to be to be considered 'similar' are otherwise likely to vary among those who are judging similarity. The grammatical categories related to this type seem odd, but the mwaning representation seems appropriate. Includes noun sense 1 of 'similarity' in WordNet: 1. (10) similarity - (the quality of being similar) WN Includes verb sense 1 of 'match': 1. (17) match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally, agree - (be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics; 'The two stories don't agree in many details'; 'The handwriting checks with the signature on the check'; 'The suspect's fingerprints don't match those on the gun')
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Similar^c isPerformedBy^op some SimilarityGroup^c
Sub-classes	Commonality^c Resembling^c Rhyme^c Alikeness^c

SimilarityGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimilarityGroup`
Description	A ''SimilarityGroup'' is a Group of things (any type) that have some''Similarity''. The Attribute(s) that make the members of the Group similar are required to be specified by the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (i.e. 'are alike with respect to'). `NOTE that creating instances of any subtype of ''ThingWithAttribute'' could be used to specify similarities with respect to some single ''QualitativeAttributeValue'', but that would not segregate that Group from other instances of the same type.`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	areAlikeWRT^op some AttributeGroup^c

Simile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simile`
Description	A ''Simile'' is a ''FigureOfSpeech'' that expresses a ''Similarity'' between one thing and another. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'simile' in WordNet: 1. (1) simile - (a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with 'like' or 'as'))`
Super-classes	FigureOfSpeech^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Similarity^c

Simmering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simmering`
Description	''Simmering'' is boiling a food object slowly, heating it just enough to keep it at the boiling temperature. (How to express that??) `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'boiling' in WordNet: 2. boiling, stewing, simmering - (cooking in a liquid that has been brought to a boil) WN verb 'simmer': 1. (5) simmer - (boil slowly at low temperature; 'simmer the sauce'; 'simmering water')`
Super-classes	BoilingFood^c
Restrictions	produces^op value BoiledFoodObject^c heats^op some FoodObjectType^c hasManner^op value Slowly^c

Simple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simple`
Description	A subtype of ''Uncomplicated'' which in referring to Events, means that there is only one or two fluents that change; and in referring to Actions, means that the Action is easy to perform. See the subtype 'Easy' for the last sense. `Corresponds to sense 2 of 'simple' in WordNet: 2. (10) elementary, simple, uncomplicated, unproblematic - - (easy and not involved or complicated; 'an elementary problem in statistics'; 'elementary, my dear Watson'; 'a simple game'; 'found an uncomplicated solution to the problem')`
Super-classes	Uncomplicated^c
Sub-classes	Simplistic^c Elementary^c Simplified^c EasyToDo^c

SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$PathSystems that are instances of both #$SimplePathSystem and #$Multigraph. Each instance of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic is a 'graph', as studied in graph theory, in which there are neither loops nor multiple links between the same pair of nodes.
Super-classes	Multigraph^c SimplePathSystem^c

SimpleMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimpleMachine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'simple machine' in WordNet: 1. machine, simple machine - (a device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other point)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Sub-classes	Pulley^c

SimpleMinded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimpleMinded

Description

This is for Assertions; for a Person who is 'simple-minded' use attribute ''DimWitted''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'simple-minded' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) simple-minded - (lacking subtlety and insight; 'a simple-minded argument')

Super-classes Stupid^c

SimpleMindedAssertion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimpleMindedAssertion`
Description	An ''Observation'' is an Assertion that lacks any evidence of ''Insight'' and may be False.
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SimpleMinded^c

SimplePathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimplePathSystem`
Description	An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and the collection of #$PathSystems without loops or parallel links. This collection includes #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic when there are no non-node points along links.
Super-classes	PathSystem^c
Sub-classes	Tree-PathSystem^c SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic^c

SimplePipe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimplePipe`
Description	TopLevel04: A pipe that is manufactured as a single object, which may be connected to or welded to another object but retains its identity as a SimplePipe A pipeline consisting of multiple segments welded together is not a SimplePipe. `This need not be long and can be an integratl part of a manufactured object; a 'Spout' on a teakettle is an example.`
Super-classes	Pipe^c
Sub-classes	DrinkingStraw^c Spout^c

SimpleRange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimpleRange`
Description	A SimpleRange is a range of values that is expressed by using a Quantifier that is an instance of NumberRange, such as {N_25-30 meters}. The interpretation of a SimpleRange should be that the actual value is highly likely to be some number within that range. A SimpleRange does not imply any specific level of confidence that the true value is within that range. If one wants to define a level of confidence, that could be done by using a 'UniformRange' or 'StatisticalRange'.
Super-classes	ValueRange^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasQuantifier^op some NumberRange^c

SimpleRepairing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimpleRepairing`
Description	The Cyc term for TherapeuticProcess.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

SimpleTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SimpleTool`
Description	A SimpleTool is a non-powered Tool (not powered by anything other than the muscles of the user) designed to perform some function when directly manipulated by a person or automaton. A hammer or a pliers or a scissors is a SimpleTool.
Super-classes	Tool^c Device-UserPowered^c
Sub-classes	Pliers^c Shovel^c Screwdriver^c Hammer^c File-Tool^c Pitchfork^c Tongs^c

Simplicity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simplicity`
Description	''Simplicity'' is a state in which the entity in focus has the quality ''Simple''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'simplicity' in WordNet: 1. (4) simplicity, simpleness - (the quality of being simple or uncompounded; 'the simplicity of a crystal')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Simple^c

Simplified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simplified

Description

To be ''Simplified'' isto be made less complex (''Simplified'')

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'simplified' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) simplified - (made easy or uncomplicated)

Super-classes Simple^c

Simplifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simplifying`
Description	''Simplifying'' is an ''DecreaseEvent'' in which the ''Complexity'' of some Entity is decreased. `CYC: The collection of all #$Events in which the complexity of something is reduced. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'simplify' in WordNet: 1. (3) simplify - (make simpler or easier or reduce in complexity or extent; 'We had to simplify the instructions'; 'this move will simplify our lives') WN noun 'simplification': 3. reduction, simplification - (the act of reducing complexity)`
Super-classes	Action^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Simple^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Complexity^c
Sub-classes	Oversimplifying^c

Simplistic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simplistic

Description

''Simplistic'' is an exaggerated degree of 'Simple' referring to ideas or opinions that ignore complexity in things (of any type)

    RHW 'simplistic': characterized by extreme simplism; oversimplified:
          a simplistic notion of good and bad.

   NO WN sense.

Super-classes Oversimplified^c
Simple^c
KnownToBeFalse^c

Simply^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simply

Description

''Simply'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess or PersistentState and specifies that the Event performed in a manner thatis not complicated or difficult to do.

     Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'simply'  in WordNet:
       3. (50) plainly, simply - (in a simple manner; without extravagance 
         or embellishment; 'she was dressed plainly'; 'they lived very simply')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Simulated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simulated`
Description	''Simulated'' is the attribute of something that is the product of a ''Simulating'' action - very broad, the thing simulated can be an object or substance, or action or whole world. Anything created by a graphic modeling program intended to represent something that exists or could exist is ''Simulated''. Modern example: virtual reality. Products made to resemble natural things ('fake pearls', 'fake diamonds') are also simulated. 'false teeth' are a common example. In the case of 'ersatz' there may not actually be an expectation that the product will be taken as genuine,so that is included here rather than under 'Counterfeit''. Products made to resemble expensive consumer products but made by a different manufacturer ('knock-offs') are also simulated, but are considered as having the subtype attribute ''Counterfeit''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'simulated' and sense 1 of 'ersatz' in WordNet: 1. (5) fake, false, faux, imitation, simulated - (not genuine or real; being an imitation of the genuine article; 'it isn't fake anything; it's real synthetic fur'; 'faux pearls'; 'false teeth'; 'decorated with imitation palm leaves'; 'a purse of simulated alligator hide') 2. simulated - (reproduced or made to resemble; imitative in character; 'under simulated combat conditions') WN adj 'ersatz': 1. (1) ersatz, substitute - (artificial and inferior; 'ersatz coffee'; 'substitute coffee')
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Counterfeit^c Distinguished^c Virtual^c

Simulating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simulating`
Description	''Simulating'' is the creation of a 'copy' (any of various types) of something, whether an Object, a Group of Objects, or an Event, and pssibly of something that does not exist (as in a virtual reality image). Simulating behavior is more specifically represented by the subtype ''Imitating''. `Includes part of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'simulate' in WordNet: 1. (5) imitate, copy, simulate - (reproduce someone's behavior or looks; 'The mime imitated the passers-by'; 'Children often copy their parents or older siblings') 2. model, simulate - (create a representation or model of; 'The pilots are trained in conditions simulating high-altitude flights')`
Super-classes	MakingaCopy^c
Restrictions	produces^op some InformationBearingThing^c produces^op some Copy^c
Sub-classes	Imitating^c ModelngAnObject^c

Simulator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simulator`
Description	A ''Simulator'' is a ''MechanicalDevice'' that is designed to 'simulate' some environment (as in flying an airplane) for purpose of training (or practice) or testing skills. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'simulator' in WordNet: 1. simulator - (a machine that simulates an environment for the purpose of training or research)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op some (Training^c or Research^c)

Simultaneous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simultaneous

Description

''Simultaneous'' is an AttributeValue of Events that occur (at least partly) at the same time, with some significant temporal overlap.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'simultaneous' in WordNet:
        1. (4) coincident, coincidental, coinciding, concurrent, co-occurrent, 
          cooccurring, simultaneous - (occurring or operating at the same time; 
          'a series of coincident events')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Simultaneously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Simultaneously

Description

''Simultaneously'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the events described occurred at essentially the same time.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'simultaneously' in WordNet:
          1. (20) simultaneously, at the same time - (at the same instant;
            'they spoke simultaneously')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Sincere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sincere`
Description	'Sincere' is an attribute of people who are both Truthful and open, expressing their true feelings as well as telling objective truth. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sincere' in WordNet: 1. (6) sincere - - (open and genuine; not deceitful; 'he was a good man, decent and sincere'; 'felt sincere regret that they were leaving'; 'sincere friendship')`
Super-classes	Truthful^c
Sub-classes	Heartfelt^c

Sincerely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sincerely

Description

''Sincerely'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that they were performed with sincerity, in a ''Sincere'' manner, without intention to deceive or mislead.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sincerely' in WordNet:
         1. (5) sincerely, unfeignedly, truly - (with sincerity; without pretense;
            'she praised him sincerely for his victory'; 
            'was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher';
            'we are truly sorry for the inconvenience')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Sinful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinful

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated violates a law coming from God, the creator of the universe (in monotheistic religions). For immoral in a less specific sense, use 'Immoral'.

      Includes adjective sense 1 and 2 of 'sinful' and sense 2 of 'wicked' in WordNet:
        WN 'sinful':
          1. (2) iniquitous, sinful, ungodly - (characterized by iniquity;
              wicked because it is believed to be a sin; 'iniquitous deeds';
              'he said it was sinful to wear lipstick'; 'ungodly acts')
          2. sinful, unholy, wicked - (having committed unrighteous acts;
              'a sinful person')

Super-classes Immoral^c
Evil^c

Singer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Singer`
Description	A person who sings or has sung a song during some Action, including a person who only happens to be singing at some particular time, or who usually sings unpaid for pleasure or entertaining others, as well as those who sing professionally. This is a reified role for the action of Singing. For a professional singer, use 'ProfessionalSinger'. `This WN synset is also used for ''ProfessionalSinger''; here only the label singer' is considered appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'singer' in WordNet: 1. (3) singer, vocalist, vocalizer, vocaliser - (a person who sings)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Singing^c
Sub-classes	Tenor^c Soprano^c ProfessionalSinger^c Alto^c Baritone^c

Singing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Singing`
Description	An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$MakingMusicalSound. This is a generalization of #$Singing-Human which includes singing performed by other types of beings, e.g. #$Birds. `NOTE that in Cyc: 'Singing' is not a subtype of 'Speaking' whereas in SUMO it is. We adopt the SUMO convention that singing is a type of speaking. Includes verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'sing' in WordNet: 1. (46) sing - (deliver by singing; 'Sing Christmas carols') 2. (35) sing - (produce tones with the voice; 'She was singing while she was cooking'; 'My brother sings very well') 3. (3) sing - (to make melodious sounds; 'The nightingale was singing')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c MakingMusic^c
Sub-classes	BirdSong^c

Singing-Human^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Singing-Human`
Description	CYC; The collection of acts of producing #$Music sounds with the human vocal cords. This is a PerformingArtActivity, but is not necessarily a paid performance. `NOTE1: This is just the vocalization of words or other sounds by a Person in a musical form, not in itself including instrumental accompaniment. This is always a part of ''VocalMusic'' NOTE2: this can be part of a song, or just a vocalization of a series of notes. For a complete singing of a song with lyrics, use the subtype 'Song-Sung'` WordNet singing Sense 1 subtypes Base synset: {00540116} singing, vocalizing -- (the act of singing vocal music) => {00540685} a cappella singing, a capella singing -- (singing without instrumental accompaniment) => {00540831} bel canto -- (a style of operatic singing) => {00540914} coloratura -- (singing with florid ornamentation) => {00541460} caroling -- (singing joyful religious songs (especially at Christmas)) => {00541571} crooning -- (the act of singing popular songs in a sentimental manner) => {00541700} crooning -- (singing in a soft low tone; "her crooning soon put the child to sleep") => {00541843} scat, scat singing -- (singing jazz; the singer substitutes nonsense syllables for the words of the song and tries to sound like a musical instrument) => {01238076} harmonization, harmonisation -- (singing in harmony) => {01238242} humming -- (the act of singing with closed lips) => {01238983} intonation, chanting -- (the act of singing in a monotonous tone) => {01239180} cantillation -- (liturgical chanting) => {01239276} intonation -- (singing by a soloist of the opening piece of plainsong) => {01239600} karaoke -- (singing popular songs accompanied by a recording of an orchestra (usually in bars or nightclubs)) => {01239750} part-singing -- (singing with three or more voice parts) => {01239847} psalmody, hymnody -- (the act of singing psalms or hymns) => {01239946} singalong, singsong -- (informal group singing of popular songs) => {01240106} solfege, solfeggio -- (a voice exercise; singing scales or runs to the same syllable) => {01240233} solmization, solfege, solfeggio -- (singing using solfa syllables to denote the notes of the scale of C major) => {01240422} yodeling -- (singing by changing back and forth between the chest voice and a falsetto) `Includes verb senses 1, and 2 of 'sing' in WordNet: 1. (46) sing - (deliver by singing; 'Sing Christmas carols') 2. (35) sing - (produce tones with the voice; 'She was singing while she was cooking'; 'My brother sings very well') WN noun 'singing': 1. (6) singing, vocalizing - (the act of singing vocal music)`
Super-classes	PerformingArtActivity^c Vocalizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value VocalMusic^c
Sub-classes	KaraokeSinging^c SingingProfessionally^c Song-Sung^c KaraokeEvent^c SingingRockMusic^c SingingTogether^c Yodeling^c

SingingProfessionally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingingProfessionally`
Description	''SingingProfessionally'' is the Action of People who sings in public to earn some significant portion of their income.
Super-classes	Singing-Human^c Profession^c
Restrictions	isTheOccupationOfA^op value ProfessionalSinger^c isPerformedBy^op value ProfessionalSinger^c

SingingRockMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingingRockMusic`
Description	''SingingRockMusic''
Super-classes	Singing-Human^c
Restrictions	emits^op value RockMusic^c

SingingTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingingTogether`
Description	''SingingTogether'' is the type of ''Singing' performed by a ''GroupOfPeople'' - called here a ''Chorus'', which does not have to be organized or formal. Wordnet has no other general word for groups that sing together.
Super-classes	Singing-Human^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Chorus^c
Sub-classes	ChoirSinging^c

SingingVoice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingingVoice`
Description	A ''SingingVoice'' is a type of ''Speech'' produced while singing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'singing voice' in WordNet: 1. singing voice - (the musical quality of the voice while singing)`
Super-classes	Speech^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Singing-Human^c
Sub-classes	BaritoneVoice^c SopranoVoice^c TenorVoice^c

Single-Family^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Single-Family

Description

''Grazing'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''SingleFamilyResidence'' or objects or Actions that are associated with individual families or their living situations.

       No sense of 'single-family' in WN.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SingleBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleBed`
Description	A ''SingleBed'' is a ''Bed'' with a width only sufficient to support one Person comfortably while sleeping `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'single bed' in WordNet: 1. single bed - (a bed for one occupant)`
Super-classes	Bed^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value OnePerson^c isDesignedToSupport^op value OnePerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Narrow^c

SingleCellOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleCellOrganism`
Description	A specialization of both #$Microorganism and #$Cell. Each instance of #$SingleCellOrganism is an organism composed of a single self-reproducing living cell. Notable specializations of #$SingleCellOrganism include #$Protozoan, #$ProkaryoticCell, and #$Algae-LikeProtist. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protoctist' in WordNet: 1. protoctist - (any of the unicellular protists)`
Super-classes	Microorganism^c Cell^c
Sub-classes	ProkaryoticCell^c Alga^c Protozoan^c

SingleCrystal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleCrystal

Description

A ''SingleCrystal'' is a ''CrystallineObject'' that is a ''WholeObject'' - one crystal with defined boundaries.

      NOTE that a ''SingleCrystal'' can be large,whether natral or
        artifactual.  The srystals of ''Silicon''made for electronic
        devices are single crystal grown from molten silicon, and are later
        sawn into slices for further processing.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'crystal' in WordNet:
         3. (1) crystal, crystallization - (a rock formed by 
           the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating 
           internal structure; external plane faces)

Super-classes CrystallineObject^c
StoneObject-Natural^c
WholeObject^c

SingleDoerAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleDoerAction`
Description	A specialization of #$Action. Each instance of #$SingleDoerAction is an action which can have only one doer (see the predicate #$doneBy). Such actions may be intentional, but they need not be. Most bodily functions (e.g., the instances of #$Heartbeating or #$Bleeding-TheAction) belong to specializations of #$SingleDoerAction, because the only doer of a normal bodily function is the body of a single agent. In order for a type of action (i.e., a specialization of #$Action) to be a specialization of #$SingleDoerAction, it must be inconsistent to assert, for any instance ACT; of that type of action, both (#$doneBy ACT; X;) and (#$doneBy ACT; Y;), where X; and Y; are different. Notable specializations of #$SingleDoerAction include #$Sleeping, #$Dying, #$AnimalWalkingProcess, and #$WritingByHand.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value One-Sided^c
Sub-classes	Crocheting^c ApplyingPaint^c PuttingIntoMemory^c HavingInMemory^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c Sewing^c SprainingaBodyPart^c LocomotionEvent-Animal^c NeedleCraft^c IncurringAnInjury^c Ingesting^c Skateboarding^c Kneading^c PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c ApplyingWax^c BodyMovementEvent^c GettingAnInjection^c StandingOnTipToes^c Voting^c PassingThroughAClosedDoor^c Acupuncture^c Smoking^c Nailing^c ApplyingMakeup^c Dieting^c StandingUprightEvent^c Quilting^c Showering^c Acting^c Varnishing^c Chiropractic^c CleaningTeeth^c Blooming^c PlantOrganicProcess^c Suicide^c KnittingByHand^c Perceiving^c Starvation^c PersonalGrooming^c

SingleFamilyResidence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleFamilyResidence`
Description	A ''SingleFamilyResidence'' is a ''House'' (a ''Residence'') suitable for occupation by one family.
Super-classes	House^c SingleResidenceUnit^c

SinglePurposeDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SinglePurposeDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of devices each of which has a single #$primaryFunction. Each instance of #$SinglePurposeDevice may have more than one function, but will have only one primary function. For example, a car is a single purpose device because it has the primary function of providing transportation. Of course, a car can provide shelter as well as transportation; but a convertible with a badly torn roof still functions as a car (because its primary function is transportation) even though it does not function as much of a shelter. It is also possible for a #$SinglePurposeDevice to have other functions associated with it, even though they are not functions of that device per se. For example, if a car has a cigarette lighter, a clock, etc., those parts have their own functions, which are performed in the car and enjoyed by the users of the car while they are using the car. However, the functions of those devices (lighting cigarettes and telling time) are generally not considered to be the functions of the car itself. If someone utters the sentence 'Fred used his car today' we would guess that Fred drove/rode somewhere in the car, and would be surprised/amused/annoyed/confused if we later discover that the speaker meant only that Fred used the car's lighter and the clock but didn't travel somewhere by car.
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	Bulldozer^c ShowerCurtain^c Automobile^c Excavator^c

SingleReedWoodwindInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleReedWoodwindInstrument`
Description	CYC: The collection of all single-reed #$WoodwindInstruments. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'single-reed woodwind' in WordNet: 1. single-reed instrument, single-reed woodwind - (a beating-reed instrument with a single reed (as a clarinet or saxophone))`
Super-classes	ReedWoodwindInstrument^c
Sub-classes	Clarinet^c Saxophone^c

SingleResidenceUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleResidenceUnit`
Description	Cyc: #$SingleResidenceUnit is a specialization of #$ModernHumanResidence. Each instance of #$SingleResidenceUnit is either a modern-style detached house, an apartment, or another instance of #$ModernHumanResidence designed to accomodate either a single person or a single family (i.e., instance of #$FamilyCohabitationUnit (q.v.)). Usually, each instance of #$SingleResidenceUnit has a unique mailing address. Excluded are dormitories, military billets, rooms in hotels or motels, or on ships. NOTE that in conformance with the SUMO specification ('SingleFamilyResidence'), this category is for constructs designed to be a permanent residence. Hotels and motels are separate subtypes of 'HumanOccupationConstruct'. In SUMO called 'SingleFamilyResidence': SUMO: A PermanentResidence which is intended to be the home of a single SocialUnit. This class covers Houses, ApartmentUnits, and CondominiumUnits. The WN synset 'living quarters, quarters' is interpreted as a living unit for one family unit (one or more people). This will be part of a ''ResidentialBuilding''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'living quarters' in WordNet: 1. living quarters, quarters - (housing available for people to live in; 'he found quarters for his family'; 'I visited his bachelor quarters')
Super-classes	Residence^c
Sub-classes	HotelSuite^c RowHouse^c CondominiumUnit^c SingleFamilyResidence^c DuplexApartment^c TriplexApartment^c Apartment^c RentedRoom^c DetachedHouse^c

SingleSiteOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleSiteOrganization`
Description	A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$SingleSiteOrganization is an organization that has a single location (see #$physicalQuarters). For example, the #$KMartStore at Parmer Lane and the Great Hills FireStation Number 2 in Austin are instances. But #$KMart-TheCompany and the Austin City Fire Department are not instances, since those parent organizations have several sites as their physical quarters. To be contrasted with #$ChainOrganization, among other things.
Super-classes	LocalOrganization^c
Sub-classes	LocalRetailStoreOrganization^c LocalRetailOrganization^c

SingleUserComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleUserComputer`
Description	Workstations and small desktop computers.
Super-classes	DigitalComputer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value IndividualPerson^c
Sub-classes	Workstation^c PersonalComputer^c PersonalDigitalAssistant^c SmartPhone^c

SingleValuedRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SingleValuedRelation`
Description	A Relation is a SingleValuedRelation just in case an assignment of values to every argument position except the last one determines at most one assignment for the last argument position. Note that not all SingleValuedRelations are TotalValuedRelations. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/)
Super-classes	Relation^c

Singular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Singular

Description

'Singular' is an attribute of words that have a grammatical form (morphology) specific to individual, as opposed to multiple (plural) items. This applies to nouns and verbs.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'singular' in WordNet:
         5. singular - - (grammatical number category referring to a single item or unit)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sink`
Description	The container found in kitchens, bathrooms, utility rooms etc which holds water, dishes, etc.. The Sink is the whole of which the basin, faucets, etc, are a part. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sink' in WordNet: 1. (4) sink - - (plumbing fixture consisting of a water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having a drainpipe)`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c LiquidContainer^c PlumbingFixture^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c Basin^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value DrainPipe^c
Sub-classes	WashBasin^c

Sinker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinker`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sinker' in WordNet: 2. sinker - (a weight that sinks (as to hold nets or fishing lines under water))`
Super-classes	WeightDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Fishing^c functionsTogetherWith^op value FishingLine^c functionsTogetherWith^op value FishingPole^c

Sinkhole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinkhole`
Description	A ''Sinkhole''is a ''GeographicalDepresson'' that is created by the loss of some part of the ''Ground'' under the surfce of an area, usually by being dissolved or washed away by water flow, or resulting in the collapse of the surface and appearance af a depresson. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sinkhole' in WordNet: 1. sinkhole, sink, swallow hole - (a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof)`
Super-classes	GeographicalDepresson^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value DissolvingaSubstance^c

Sinking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinking`
Description	'Sinking' is a Descending that occurs in a liquid, under the influence of gravity (powered descent would be diving). The constrictionallows specifying a particular LiquidObject, or the ''LiquidObjectType'' in which this occurs. `Includes senses 2 and 4 of 'sink' in WOrdNet, both transitive and intransitive: in WordNet: 2. (5) sink - - (cause to sink; 'The Japanese sank American ships in Pearl Harbor') 4. (3) sink, settle, go down, go under - - (go under, 'The raft sank and its occupants drowned')`
Super-classes	Descending^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some (LiquidObject^c or GenericLocation^c or LiquidObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	SinkingInWater^c

SinkingInWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SinkingInWater`
Description	''SinkingInWater'' is the event of a PhysicalObject 'Sinking' in some body of water. This can be for any kind of object, not just Watercraft: e.g. 'sunken treasure'. For sinking of watercraft use subtpe 'Foundering''. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 4 of 'sink, ' (not just for boats) in WordNet: 4. (3) sink, settle, go down, go under - - (go under, 'The raft sank and its occupants drowned')`
Super-classes	Sinking^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some BodyOfWater^c
Sub-classes	Foundering^c

Sinless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinless

Description

'Sinless' is an attribute of people who are free of the guily of ''Sin'. IN Catholic doctrine,this may include being in a 'stte of grace' - not havong sinned since one's last confesson, at which 'absolutionn' is granted. More commonly this is applied to people who hsve never sinned, at least in some respect, such as violating sexual codes.

       When used literally as meaning 'having never sinned' it is most commonly
          used for young chidren.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sinless' in Wordnet:
          1. impeccant, innocent, sinless - (free from sin)

Super-classes Innocent^c

Sinlessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinlessness`
Description	''Sinlessness'' is a ''RelativeState'' that is a ''Quality'' of a Person with the attribute ''Sinless''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sinlessness' in WordNet: 1. purity, pureness, sinlessness, innocence, whiteness - (the state of being unsullied by sin or moral wrong; lacking a knowledge of evil)`
Super-classes	RelativeState^c Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Sinless^c

Sinner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinner`
Description	This sense of ''Sinner'' is generic,for someone who has committed some sin, not necessarily (as in the WN gloss) failing to repent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sinner' in WordNet: 1. (4) sinner, evildoer - (a person who sins (without repenting))`
Super-classes	Wrongdoer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Sinning^c

Sinning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinning`
Description	'Sinning' is any Action that is considered a 'sin' by someone, i.e. violates some 'MoralPrinciple'. In COSMO a 'MoralPrinciple' is a form of 'Obligation'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 and verb sense 1 of 'sin' in WordNet: 2. (9) sin, sinning - (an act that is regarded by theologians as a transgression of God's will) WN verb 'sin': 1. (7) sin, transgress, trespass - (commit a sin; violate a law of God or a moral law)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoing^c ViolatingAnObligation^c InfringingARule^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Sinner^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sinful^c violatesRule^op some MoralPrinciple^c

Sinus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinus`
Description	This is for one of the Sinuses in the skull. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sinus' in WordNet: 2. sinus - (any of various air-filled cavities especially in the bones of the skull)`
Super-classes	CavityWithWalls^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c BodyCavity^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Skull^c

Sinusitis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sinusitis`
Description	This is the collection of all instances of sinusitis. Sinusitis is caused by an allergic response with accumulation of fluid or mucosal thickening in the sinus cavities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sinusitis' in WordNet: 1. sinusitis - (inflammation of one of the paranasal sinuses)`
Super-classes	Inflammation^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Sinus^c

Siouan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Siouan

Description

''Siouan'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Sioux'' Person or a ''SiouxTribe''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Siouan' in Wordnet:
         1. Siouan - (of or relating to the Sioux people or their language and culture)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sioux^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sioux`
Description	A ''Sioux'' is a member of some ''SiouxTribe''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sioux' in WordNet: 1. (3) Sioux, Siouan - (a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value SiouxTribe^c

SiouxTribe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiouxTribe`
Description	A ''SiouxTribe'' is any of the ''Tribe''s of AmericanIndians who speak a Siouxan language and live in the northwest region of the US or nearby Canada. This is not an instance, as there are several divisions of the Sioux nation, each effectively a ''Tribe'' in itself.
Super-classes	Tribe^c

Sip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sip`
Description	A ''Sip' is a small ''Swig'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sip' in WordNet: 1. (2) sip - (a small drink)`
Super-classes	Drink^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Sipping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sipping`
Description	'''Sipping'' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage is consumed slowly, in small portions ('sips'). One''Sip'' can be an instance,though there are usually more than one. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sip' in WordNet: 1. (7) sip - (drink in sips; 'She was sipping her tea')`
Super-classes	DrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Sip^c

Siren^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Siren`
Description	CYC: A device which is used to make loud warning sounds (non-verbal), such as an air-raid siren or an ambulance siren. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'siren' in WordNet: 4. siren - (an acoustic device producing a loud often wailing sound as a signal or warning)`
Super-classes	AcousticDevice^c
Restrictions	canEmit^op value SirenSound^c

SirenSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SirenSound`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'siren' in WordNet: 3. siren - (a warning signal that is a loud wailing sound)`
Super-classes	AlarmSound^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c wasEmittedByObject^op value Siren^c

Sister^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sister`
Description	A BiologicalSibling who is female. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sister' in WordNet: 1. (20) sister, sis - (a female person who has the same parents as another person; 'my sister married a musician')`
Super-classes	FemalePerson^c BiologicalSibling^c
Sub-classes	StepSister^c

SisterInLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SisterInLaw`
Description	A ''SisterInLaw'' is an ''InLaw'' who married a Sibling of the reference Person. Before same-sex marriage became legal in some jurisdictions, this could be reliably asserted to be a person married to a Brother, but now it could be the person married to a ''Brother''. This relationisrepresented by the relation 'hasSpouse' - 'BiologicalSibling'. This needs to be elaborated by FOL,to clarify of whom the 'BiologicalSibling' is. In either case, this is not a biological relative. A 'sister-in-law' could be a Person related by marriage to one's own sibling, or related to the one a Person is him/herself married to. This ambiguity would need more work to cover all the possibilities. So this is just a place-holder to be elaborated when needed. RHW 'sister-in-law'': 1. the sister of one's husband or wife. 2. the wife of one's brother. 3. the wife of the brother of one's husband or wife. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sister-in-law' in WordNet: 1. (1) sister-in-law - (the sister of your spouse)
Super-classes	InLaw^c
Restrictions	hasSpouse^op some BiologicalSibling^c

SitCom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SitCom`
Description	A ''SitCom'' is a ''Comedy'' series featuring the same primary character that depends on specific situations involving several people to generate the humor. A single episode of a ''SitCom'' is typically shorter than a Movie and when broadcast on television commonly lasts one half hour (including advertising time). This is a very common evening television show. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sitcom' in WordNet: 1. situation comedy, sitcom - (a humorous drama based on situations that might arise in day-to-day life) 2. situation comedy, sitcom - (a humorous television program based on situations that could arise in everyday life)`
Super-classes	Comedy^c
Restrictions	describes^op value SocialInteraction^c hasTopic^op value SocialInteraction^c

Site^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Site`
Description	Each ';Site;' is a place (region or area) of space where something (Object or Event) is or was located, used especially in a vague way to specify that the thing is in this location, rather than some alternative; ofen used to specify a location that is part of or near to something else. 'The site of the crime'. 'The A-T-T-C-G site in the DNA'. 'A contaminated site'. 'a superfund site' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'site' and sense1 of'position' in WordNet: 2. (1) site, situation - (physical position in relation to the surroundings; 'the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides') WN noun 'position': 1. (39) position, place - (the particular portion of space occupied by something; 'he put the lamp back in its place')`
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op only (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	DesignatedPosition^c SiteOfAnEvent^c

SiteOfAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiteOfAnEvent`
Description	`The restriction requires that the Event that occurred at the ''SiteOfAnEvent'' be specified.`
Super-classes	Site^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	SceneOfEvent^c SiteOfaFind^c ArchaeologicalSite^c

SiteOfaFind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SiteOfaFind`
Description	A ''SiteOfaFind'' is a ''Place'' where some Person found some PhysicalObject. The type of 'Place'' is underspecified, it could be in outer space, as when a planetary mission finds an Object there.
Super-classes	SiteOfAnEvent^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value FindingAPhysicalObject^c

SittingAtaTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SittingAtaTable`
Description	Each ''SittingAtaTable'' is a 'SittingEvent' in which a ''Person'' is sitting next to and facing a ''Table-Furniture''
Super-classes	SittingEvent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Table-Furniture^c hasSubjectOfState^op value Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

SittingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SittingDown`
Description	The action of sitting down. NOTE: the restriction specifies that a SittingDown starts a SittingEvent, but does not require that the SittingEvent be reified. `SUMO: The BodyMotion of moving from a Standing to a Sitting position. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'sit' in WordNet: 3. (10) sit down, sit - (take a seat)`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op some SittingEvent^c

SittingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SittingEvent`
Description	Each 'SittingEvent' is a static situation in which an animal maintains a sitting position (the ''Buttocks'' is direcly supported by some Object) for some interval of time. People usually sit on chairs or other furniture, but can sit on the ground (with legs stretched or cross-legged , as in the ''LotusPosition''). NonHumanAnimals sit in a different posture from that of humans, but all that is included in this type. linguistically this is often expressed as 'was seated at/on' or 'sat on' or 'is sitting', etc., indicating a persisting condition rather than 'sat down', which is represented as 'SittingDown'. NOTE that a SittingEvent is commenced by a 'SittingDown' event, which is specified as the cause of a SittingEvent; however, the static SittingEvent does not include the SittingDown action. @ToDo: need to add a time relation to specify that the Sitting is temporally contiguous to the SittingDown. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sit' in WordNet: 1. (134) sit, sit down - (be seated)
Super-classes	BeingSupported^c SittingOrLyingPosture^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Buttocks^c
Sub-classes	LotusPosition^c SittingAtaTable^c Squatting^c Manspreading^c

SittingOrLyingPosture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SittingOrLyingPosture`
Description	A ''SittingOrLyingPosture'' is a ''BodyPositionEvent'' that is a ''SittingEvent'' or a ''LyingHorizontally''. This type is used to allow convenient representation of a 'SprawlingPosture'' which can be adopted during either of the two body positions included in this type.
Super-classes	Posture^c BodyPositionEvent^c
Sub-classes	LyingHorizontally^c SittingEvent^c SprawlingPosture^c

Situation-Localized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Situation-Localized`
Description	A specialization of #$Situation. Each instance of #$Situation-Localized is a situation whose temporal extent occurs at a specific location in space. Notable specializations of #$Situation-Localized include #$PhysiologicalCondition and #$Event-Localized. `NOTE: in COSMO the 'location' relations differ for objects or regions (see 'isLocatedAtOrOn') and for Events ('occurredAt'). To specify the location of an individual Event, use 'occurredAt'. For EventTypes, use 'typically OccursAt' or 'occursAt'. Although every 'Situation-Localized' the restriction attached to this type does not require specifying location, since it is often desirable to talk about Events without specifying where they occurred.`
Super-classes	SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op only GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	Event^c StateOfUncertainty^c NonReality^c SystemCondition^c PhysicalSituation^c Circumstance^c Mystery^c Reality^c

SituationProcessEventOrState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SituationProcessEventOrState`
Description	COSMO: SituationProcessEventOrState is a broad category that includes Events, FunctionalProcesses, and PersistentStates,all of which are different aspects of the same fundamental conceptual entity, commonly called an 'Event'. Each instance of 'SituationProcessEventOrState' in COSMO is a Group of TimeIndexedAssertion, in aggregate representing the changes (if any) to the properties (attributes and relations) of one or more objects over some interval of time, An InstantaneousState may have only one TimeIndexedAssertion, but Events and FunctionalProcesses will have at least two. Event is a Group of 'TimeIndexedAssertion's containing the component elements: (1) InstantaneousState at the starting time (2) InstantaneousState at the Ending time (3) The FunctionalProcess that describes the intermediate states between the starting and ending times. Informally, a state,process, or event is interpreted as the set of values of some 'fluents' (attributes or relations that may change over time), but the actual formal representation is a Group in which the group elements are the LinguisticAssertions specifying the values of the fluents pertaining to some Group of Objects. Each LinguisticAssertion specifies the value at some time point (or time interval). The differences in State, Process,and Event are: State: The Group of Assertions that hold at one time point (InstantaneousState), or persist without change of value over some contiguous interval of time (PersistentState). No value can chage within a State. FunctionalProcess: The full set of LinguisticAssertions specifying the values of fluents at each time point or smaller TimeInterval within a TimeInterval in which the Process is defined. The set of LinguisticAssertions relate times to values,and in that respect is analogous to a mathematical function. In analogy to a mathematical function, one can derive a 'rate' for a Process (in cases where the values are quantified) by taking the ratio of (difference in value) to (difference in time) for any TimeInterval in which a change of value is specified. This rate may change from time to time during a FunctionalProcess. Event: focuses on the values of the fluents at the beginning and ending of some TimeInterval, but also includes the FunctionalProcess that specifies the fluent values at times between the beginning and ending. Since the focus of an Event is on the change from one time point to the next, one cannot specify a 'rate' in the same sense as for a FunctionalProcess, where the rate may change many times during the FunctionalProcess. For an Event, one can derive a single 'rate' value that specifies the overall ratio of change of fluent value to time, between the beginning and ending points, and for an Event, only one such 'rate' can be defined. NOTE: In COSMO a Situation is classified as a CompositeConcept because it is considered as a composite of the InstantaneousStates at the beginning and ending times of the Situation (which can be the same time), plus the FunctionalProcess that describes the states intermediate between the beginning and ending times. Called: Situation-Temporal(Cyc) perdurant(DOLCE) * Special COSMO NOTE on BFO 'ProcessualEntity' and 'occurrent' ***** In BFO the Types 'ProcessualEntity' and 'occurrent' appear to be most closely similar to COSMO 'SituationProcessEventOrState'. In the RO (relationontology) only 'occurrent' shows up. However, the division of the BFO 'ProcessualEntity' Type into 'FiatProcessPart' and 'Process' has no corresponding division in Cyc or SUMO. In COSMO we include a FiatProcessPart for compatibility, but do not use it (no subtypes), and do not use the BFO partition of 'ProcessualEntity'. `BFO Definition: An occurrent that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some SNAP entity. Examples: the life of an organism, the process of meiosis, the course of a disease, the flight of a bird` * End Special NOTE on BFO 'ProcessualEntity' ***** Cyc 'Situation' is indistinguishable from 'Situation-Temporal' except for the possible inclusion in 'Situation' of abstract situations not enclosed in a time interval. The term 'Situation' has been interpreted in COSMO as strictly temporal, and the more abstract things that resenble situations have been aggregated under 'AbstractEvent'. `Cyc ('Situtation') A subcollection of both #$IntangibleIndividual and #$TemporalThing. #$Situation subsumes #$Event and #$StaticSituation. Each instance of #$Situation is a state or event consisting of one or more objects having certain properties, or bearing certain relations to each other.` OPENCYC 1: (Situation-Temporal) MAY 23, 2002 A subcollection of both #$Situation and #$TemporalThing. #$Situation-Temporal is the collection of all instances of #$Situation that have duration or other temporal properties . Thus, #$Situation-Temporal subsumes #$Event and #$StaticSituation, as well as some other specializations of #$Situation. It does not subsume any specializations of #$Situation that have atemporal instances. DOLCE: Perdurants (AKA occurrences) comprise what are variously called events, processes, phenomena, activities and states. They can have temporal parts or spatial parts. For instance, the first movement of (an execution of) a symphony is a temporal part of the symphony. On the other hand, the play performed by the left side of the orchestra is a spatial part. In both cases, these parts are occurrences themselves. We assume that objects cannot be parts of occurrences, but rather they participate in them. Perdurants extend in time by accumulating different temporal parts, so that, at any time they are present, they are only partially present, in the sense that some of their proper temporal parts (e.g., their previous or future phases) may be not present. E.g., the piece of paper you are reading now is wholly present, while some temporal parts of your reading are not present yet, or any more. Philosophers say that endurants are entities that are in time, while lacking temporal parts (so to speak, all their parts flow with them in time). Perdurants, on the contrary, are entities that happen in time, and can have temporal parts (all their parts are fixed in time). Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'situation' and approximately to noun sense 1 of 'thing' in WordNet; for states that persist withuot change for some interval of time, use ''PersistentState''; for Actions involving agents that due things (even if not animate) use ''Action''; for Actions performed by people, use 'HumanActivity': in Wordnet: WN noun 'situation': 1. (65) situation, state of affairs - (the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; 'the present international situation is dangerous'; 'wondered how such a state of affairs had come about'; 'eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation'- Franklin D.Roosevelt) 2. (19) situation, position - (a condition or position in which you find yourself; 'the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils'; 'found herself in a very fortunate situation') 3. situation - (a complex or critical or unusual difficulty; 'the dangerous situation developed suddenly'; 'that's quite a situation'; 'no human situation is simple') WN noun 'thing': 1. (404) thing - (a special situation; 'this thing has got to end'; 'it is a remarkable thing')
Super-classes	owl:Thing^c CompositeConcept^c PhysicalThing^c TemporalThing^c
Sub-classes	Situation-Localized^c FunctionalProcess^c FutureSituation^c Event^c SituationRole^c Symptom^c MentalSituation^c UnjustThing^c ProcessualEntity^c
In range of	hasSituation^op hasLimitedSituation^op

SituationRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SituationRole`
Description	SituationRole is a compound Type representing both a Situation and a Role. This category was created specifically to allow an inherently Ternary relation (the Cyc intendedPrimaryFunction) to be represented as binary. it will include a Situation and a Role which specifies the function of an Object in that Situation. `ToDO - to be useful, the structure of this Type needs elaboration.`
Super-classes	SituationProcessEventOrState^c Role^c
Sub-classes	Effect^c ComingLater^c Antedating^c

Situational^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Situational`
Description	''Situational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''PhysicalSituation'', especially in distinguishing the thing characterized as being true specifically in some ''PhysicalSituation''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

SituationalContextComponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SituationalContextComponent`
Description	Each SituationalContextComponent is one of the components of the situation in which an IntelligentEntity finds itself, of which it must be aware in order to act or respond appropriately so as to fulfill its goals. Each SituationalContextComponent is defined relative to a particular ''IntentionalAgent'' whose actions are being represented in the ontology.
Super-classes	Context^c
Sub-classes	SocialContext^c SystemContext^c PhysicalContext^c GenericLocation^c TemporalLocation^c

Six-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Six-Year-Old`
Description	''Six-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are six years old, i.e. were created or born six years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Six-month^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Six-month`
Description	''Six-month'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for six months, or plans that specify Events over the course of six months. 'a six-month project'; 'a six-month sentence'
Super-classes	LastingForSomeTime^c

SixPoints^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixPoints`
Description	''SixPoints'' is a quantity of six points aquired by one ''ScoringPoints'' Action, as in a ''Touchdown'' in AmericanFootball. `Note that the instances of this type would be the result of specific scoring events in some specific game..`
Super-classes	GamePoints^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 6^c
Sub-classes	Touchdown^c

SixYear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixYear`
Description	''SixYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for six years, or plans that specify Events over the course of six years.
Super-classes	LastingForSomeTime^c

SixYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixYears^c

Sizable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sizable

Description

''Sizable'' is a more emphatic way to say 'large'. There are two WN senses; sense 2 seems to be focused on amounts of money. Perhaps those terms goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, tidy) should be broken out as a subAttribute, but a look at usage in a large corpus would be necessary to determine which of those terms are used only in the money sense or also some different sense.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'sizable' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) ample, sizable, sizeable - (fairly large; 'a sizable fortune'; 
             'an ample waistline'; 'of ample proportions')
          2. goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable, tidy -
             (large in amount or extent or degree; 'it cost a considerable amount';
             'a goodly amount'; 'received a hefty bonus'; 'a respectable sum'; 
             'a tidy sum of money'; 'a sizable fortune')

Super-classes Large^c

Size^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Size`
Description	Size is a property of all macroscopic PhysicalObjects, but it refer to any of several measures, including length, volume, number (for groups of objects), or arbitrary measures such as shoe sizes, or 'large, medium, small' classifications in clothing. NOTE: the hierarchical positions of terms 'size'and 'magnitude' are inverted in WordNet and COSMO. This has no special significance, as the terms are very similar but 'size' is more common, so it has the higher position in the COSMO hierarchy. Perhaps WN 'magnitude' is intended to be of broader application. Needs to be determined by usage. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'size' in WordNet: 1. (82) size - - (the physical magnitude of something (how big it is); 'a wolf is about the size of a large dog') 2. (4) size - - (the property resulting from being one of a series of graduated measurements (as of clothing); 'he wears a size 13 shoe')
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Height^c GarmentSize^c Density^c Area^c Magnitude^c Circumference^c Mass^c Length^c Volume^c Angle^c Width^c Cardinality^c

Skate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skate`
Description	Includes roller skates and ice skates. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skate' in WordNet: 1. skate - (sports equipment that is worn on the feet to enable the wearer to glide along and to be propelled by the alternate actions of the legs)`
Super-classes	SportsEquipment^c FootwearItem^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Skating^c
Sub-classes	RollerSkate^c InLineSkate^c IceSkate^c

SkateBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkateBoard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skateboard' in WordNet: 1. skateboard - (a board with wheels that is ridden in a standing or crouching position and propelled by foot)`
Super-classes	WheeledTransportationDevice^c MobilePlatform^c Device-UserPowered^c MountableTransporter^c ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c Board^c Device-UserControlled^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value SupportingWheel^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 150.0^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 6.0^c isDesignedToSupport^op value Person^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Skateboarding^c

SkateBoarder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkateBoarder

Description

This is the collection of persons who engage in #$SkateBoarding, either professionally, or as an amateur who is very serious about the sport.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skateboarder' in WordNet:
          1. skateboarder - (someone who skates on a skateboard)

Super-classes Athlete^c
Skater^c

Skateboarding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skateboarding`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skateboard' in WordNet: 1. skateboard - (ride on a flat board with rollers attached to the bottom)`
Super-classes	RecreationalActivity^c SingleDoerAction^c OutdoorActivity^c HumanActivity^c AthleticActivity^c TransportationEvent^c Translation-SingleTrajectory^c TranslationAlongASurface^c ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value SkateBoard^c

Skater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skater`
Description	A ''Skater'' is the Role of a Person who skates (on roller skates or ice skates, for any reason) while the skating is occurring, or, someone who habitually skates,perhaps as a contestant or athlete. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skater' in WordNet: 1. skater - (someone who skates)`
Super-classes	TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Skating^c roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value Skating^c
Sub-classes	SkateBoarder^c Skier^c IceSkater^c

Skating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skating`
Description	''Skating'' is an ''Ambulation'' (moving on feet) that uses ''Skate''s worn on the feet to allow a gliding with each step. `This includes roller skating and ice skating. ''Skateboarding'' is under a different parent type. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skate' in WordNet: 1. skate - (move along on skates; 'The Dutch often skate along the canals in winter')`
Super-classes	Ambulation^c TranslationAlongASurface^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Skate^c
Sub-classes	RollerSkating^c Rollerblading^c IceSkating^c

Skating-Sport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skating-Sport`
Description	''Skating-Sport'' is the ''Sport'' in which people glide over a surface while satanding on a pair of 'Skate''s of some sort, performing ''Skating'', including the subtypes such as ''IceSkating'' or rollerblading' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skating' in WordNet: 1. skating - (the sport of gliding on skates)`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Skater^c hasExecutionEvent^op value Skating^c

SkatingRink^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkatingRink

Description

A ''SkatingRink'' is a ''SportsArena'' that is used mostly for skating events, roller skating or ice skating.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skating rink' in WordNet:
           1. rink, skating rink - (building that contains a surface for ice skating or roller skating)

Super-classes SportsArena^c

SkeletalMuscle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkeletalMuscle`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Muscles which are connected at at least one end to a bone. Skeletal muscles are involved in movements of the #$SkeletalSystem. `NOTE: WN conflates 'skeletal muscle'and 'striated muscle' whereas CYC differentiates them This type reserves the CYC difference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeletal muscle' in WordNet: 1. skeletal muscle, striated muscle - (a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes)`
Super-classes	StriatedMuscle^c
Sub-classes	Triceps^c Biceps^c AbductorMuscle^c

SkeletalRemains^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkeletalRemains`
Description	An instance of 'SkeletalRemains' is the 'Remains' of an individual animal that has decomposed to the point where little other than the bones remain.
Super-classes	Remains^c
Restrictions	wasOfType^op value Animal^c

SkeletalStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkeletalStructure`
Description	An ''AnatomicalStructure'' comprised of one or more ''Bone''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeletal structure' in WordNet: 1. skeletal structure - (any structure created by the skeleton of an organism)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c Group^c AnatomicalStructure^c BoneStructure^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Bone^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value BoneTheStuff^c
Sub-classes	SpinalColumn^c Tarsus^c RibCage^c Pelvis^c

SkeletalSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkeletalSystem`
Description	A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$SkeletalSystem is a system of body parts used to support, separate, and protect the other parts of a body. Instances of this collection are either external structures (see #$Exoskeleton and #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart) or internally interlinked bones (see #$Bone-BodyPart) and cartilage (see #$Cartilage) `NOTE: this ''SkeletalSystem'' includes the cartilage and represents the structure as a system, and is located 'in situ' in an AnimalBody. For the bare skeleton of bones only in or outside of the body, the Class ''Skeleton'' is used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeletal system' in WordNet: 1. skeletal system, skeleton, frame, systema skeletale - (the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c SupportingStructure^c SupportingOrganismPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Skeleton^c isInsideOf^op value AnimalBody^c
Sub-classes	Exoskeleton^c Skeleton^c

Skeleton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skeleton`
Description	Called 'VertebrateSkeleton' in Cyc. NOTE that this is distinguished from the ''SkeletalSystem'', which includes the cartilege. This type includes a bare skeleton not in situ in a body. `Analogous to 'Framework' which is an artifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeleton' in Wordnet: 3. skeletal system, skeleton, frame, systema skeletale - (the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal)`
Super-classes	SkeletalSystem^c BoneStructure^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Vertebrate^c

Skeptic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skeptic`
Description	A ''Skeptic'' is a frequent ''Doubter'' of uproven Assertions, and of Assertions about human motives. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeptic' in WordNet: 1. (3) skeptic, sceptic, doubter - (someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs)`
Super-classes	Doubter^c
Sub-classes	Cynic^c Iconoclast^c

Skeptical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skeptical`
Description	''Incredulous'' is an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''Doubt'' (= a Feeling) about the truth of an Assertion. `Person feeling Should be 'incredulity' rather than 'doubt'. @toDo: add. WN adj 'skeptical': in WordNet: 1. doubting, questioning, skeptical, sceptical - (marked by or given to doubt; 'a skeptical attitude'; 'a skeptical listener')`
Super-classes	Unsure^c
Sub-classes	Incredulous^c Suspicious^c

Sketch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sketch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sketch' in WordNet: 1. (15) sketch, study - (preliminary drawing for later elaboration; 'he made several studies before starting to paint')`
Super-classes	Picture^c Drawing-Depiction^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Vignette^c

SketchArtist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SketchArtist`
Description	A ''SketchArtist'' is a ''GraphicArtist'' who can create two-dimensional images (''PhysicalImage''s) that are composed of lines (''LineDrawing''s) rather than brush strokes. The images can be very detailed.
Super-classes	GraphicArtist^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value LineDrawing^c
Sub-classes	Cartoonist^c

Sketchy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sketchy

Description

''Sketchy'' is an attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions that have little detail and may be as consequence difficult to understand.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sketchy' in Wordnet:
          1. sketchy, unelaborated - (giving only major points; lacking completeness;
           'a sketchy account'; 'details of the plan remain sketchy')

Super-classes Incomplete^c

Skewed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skewed

Description

''Skewed'' is the property of something that is 'slanted', i.e. at an agngle relative to some reference direction or straight line.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skewed' in Wordnet:
          1. skew, skewed - (having an oblique or slanting direction or position;
              'the picture was skew')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Skewer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skewer`
Description	Consists mostly of Metal,but may have a wooden handle. A 'Spit' seems to be a subtype - the generic 'skewer' may be used in an oven?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skewer' in WordNet: 1. skewer - (a long pin for holding meat in position while it is being roasted) WN noun 'spit': 3. spit - (a skewer for holding meat over a fire)`
Super-classes	Shaft^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value StraightPin^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Metal^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Skewering^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value RoastingAction^c

Skewering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skewering`
Description	''Skewering'' is a type of ''PiercingSomething'' (usually a FoodObject) with a ''Skewer''. Sometimes other objects are 'skewered' bt they are typically soft like Meat. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skewer' in WordNet: 1. skewer, spit - (drive a skewer through; 'skewer the meat for the BBQ')`
Super-classes	PiercingSomething^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Skewer^c

SkewingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkewingAnObject`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skew' in WordNet: 1. skew - (turn or place at an angle; 'the lines on the sheet of paper are skewed')`
Super-classes	Reorienting^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op min 1

Ski^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ski`
Description	A ''Ski'' is Device like a ''Runner'' that is affixed to the foot, like a ''Boot'',permitting sliding over snow on the legs. This is not a ''Runner;; in the COSMO sense of being a 'part' of a Device. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ski' in WordNet: 1. ski - (narrow wood or metal or plastic runners used in pairs for gliding over snow)`
Super-classes	FootwearItem^c LongAndThinObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c FlatBottomedObject^c SnowSurfaceTransporter^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredInstrumentForAction^op value Skiing^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Runner^c

SkiLift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkiLift`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'lift' and sense 1 of 'ski lift' in WordNet: 5. ski tow, ski lift, lift - (a powered conveyance that carries skiers up a hill)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Conveyance-Stationary^c PoweredDevice^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value HillOrMountain^c hasDesignFunction^op value Raising^c

Skier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skier`
Description	A ''Skier'' is a Person who performs ''Skiing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skier' in WordNet: 1. skier - (someone who skis)`
Super-classes	Skater^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value Skiing^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Skiing^c

Skiing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skiing`
Description	''Skiing'' is usually a sport performed for recreation,though a 'ski patrol' in some places may have more serious purposes. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ski' in WordNet: 1. ski - (move along on skis; 'We love to ski the Rockies'; 'My children don't ski') WN 'skiing': 1. skiing - (a sport in which participants must travel on skis)`
Super-classes	TranslationAlongASurface^c MotionDownhill^c RecreationalActivity^c SportsEvent^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Ski^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Snow^c

Skill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skill`
Description	A 'Skill' is an AgentCapability that is not inborn and is created by a process (one or more Actions) of 'LearningHowToDoSomething'. This ''Skill'' need not be a high level: for a high level of ''Skill'' use ''Proficiency'' or ''Expertise''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skill' in WordNet: 1. (40) skill, accomplishment, acquirement, acquisition, attainment - (an ability that has been acquired by training)`
Super-classes	Competence^c
Sub-classes	AbilityToLipread^c Expertise^c SuperiorSkill^c Proficiency^c

Skilled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skilled`
Description	''Skilled'' is an attribute of a Person (and sometimes of animals) that asserts that one can perform a certain learned activity better than most others who do that kind of Action. An action that exhibits this quality has the attribute ''Skillful''. @ToDo: NOTE: this word may be used to characterize the action itself, but that should be a separate sense. NOTE: being 'Skillful' requires that the activity at which one is skilled be specified,and related to the skillful person by the relation 'hasCapability': @ToDo - needs FOL rule. Skillful- Unskilled is a continuum of abilities, and these attributes usually refer to the top and bottom third of skillfulness. The middle ground would be for 'learners' or 'apprentices'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skillful' and sense 1 of 'skilled' adn sense 1 of 'experienced' in WordNet: 1. (3) adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful - - (having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude; adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler; 'an expert job'; a good mechanic; a practiced marksman; a proficient engineer; a lesser-known but no less skillful composer; the effect was achieved by skillful retouching) WN adj 'skilled': 1. (11) skilled - (having or showing or requiring special skill; 'only the most skilled gymnasts make an Olympic team'; 'a skilled surgeon has many years of training and experience'; 'a skilled reconstruction of her damaged elbow'; 'a skilled trade') WN adj 'experienced': 1. (10) experienced, experient - (having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation)
Super-classes	Competent^c
Sub-classes	Diplomatic-Skilled^c Bilingual^c Creative^c Dexterous^c Sly^c Accomplished^c

SkilledActivityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkilledActivityType`
Description	COSMO note: this metatype has not been used up to v0.54. It may be used to help classify actions that require years of training. This differs from the Cyc interpretation. Cyc: This is the collection of collections of activities which require some specialized skill to perform--i.e., to play any role which is a specPred of #$doneBy. So, all skilled activities are learned, but not all learned activities are skilled. For instance, #$WalkingOnTwoLegs is an instance of #$LearnedActivityType but not an instance of #$SkilledActivityType. Since every normal person learns to walk, it requires no special skill. In contrast, #$Juggling is an instance of #$SkilledActivityType, for most people do not know how to juggle.
Super-classes	LearnedActivityType^c
Members	ReboundingMove Hysterectomy Surfing Tumbling CollaborativeResearchProject ResearchProject Somersault PlayingaPiano Venture PlayingDarts Woodworking JottingDownSomething Penalizing PlayingAMusicalInstrument Wakeboarding FootballPlay Vasectomy InteriorDesign CoordinatedBodyMovement OstentatiousDisplay InfusingaLiquid ExperimentalResearch Hacking PlayingaDrum CalligraphyWriting Retaliating FashionDesign PlayingaBugle Percussion Injecting-Intrathecal Redesigning Brewing EngineeringaDesign Butchering WaterSportActivity OrthodonticCareEvent TheatricalProduction Stunt Disqualification BusinessVenture PlayingJazzMusic WoodCraft AppliedResearchAndDevelopment Knitting Juggling DesigningaStructure Photography Injecting-Subcutaneous OrnamentalSewing Pedantry WaterSkiing Chiropractic PlayingaViolin BloodTest PlayingaPhonograph WaterPolo Autopsy KiteSurfing SportsAction DisplayingDispleasure Injecting-Intravenous EmbroideringEvent PlayingaGuitar ObservingAstronomicalObjects Production Chemotherapy PlayingABrassInstrument NeedleCraft Biofeedback Injecting-Intramuscular PlayingaWindInstrument Woodcarving LaboratoryResearch DisplayOfSkill Tonsillectomy Acupuncture Exhibitionism BirdWatching GramStainTest BloodTransfusionEvent Kneading DesigningEvent Sculpting AcrobaticManeuver PlayingChess Mammography WindSurfing TutoringLesson VisualArtActivity SportsPenalizing TutorialSession CraftingObjects

SkilledTrade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkilledTrade`
Description	A ''SkilledTrade'' is an occupation requiring training in some form of production through manual effort, not a desk job. `Corresponds to part (for an occupation requiring use of training) noun sense 4 of 'trade' in WordNet: 4. (3) trade, craft - (the skilled practice of a practical occupation; 'he learned his trade as an apprentice')`
Super-classes	Profession^c
Sub-classes	Drafting^c InteriorDesign^c Handicraft^c FashionDesign^c

SkilledWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkilledWorker`
Description	A Person with some expertise in some field, a subtype of 'Expert'. Any Position which requires learning a set of skills. `Instances can be related to the task they are skilled at by the relation ''isSkilledAt'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skilled worker' in WordNet: 1. (5) skilled worker, trained worker, skilled workman - (a worker who has acquired special skills)`
Super-classes	Expert^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Sub-classes	Geisha^c Painter^c BoatCaptain^c Mender^c Econometrician^c Technician^c Chef^c Soldier^c Cryptographer^c USMarine^c Smith^c ForestRanger^c Goldsmith^c ProfessionalPerson^c TradeWorker^c Sailor^c Functionary^c Needleworker^c Artisan^c

Skillful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skillful`
Description	An attribute of Actions that were performed better than the average Action with respect to its effect in assisting an agent to achieve its goals. This is an EvaluativeAttribute, relative to a particular agent's goals, but it can also apply to an Action that is beneficial to a large number of people, who might then also be inclined to characterize it as 'Skillful'. NOTE: for the attribute of a Person who can perform a ''Skillful'' Action, use the Attribute ''Skilled''. NOTE that this adjective characterizes an Action; to attribute skill to the person performing the action use ''Skilled''. This is the sense usually intended for the word 'Good' in phrases such as 'good job', 'good performance',or sometimes implied by 'God boy!' in praise of something done. The only WordNet sense close to this is part of sense 8 of 'good' in WordNet ('showing nowledge and skill' for actions or products), as illustrated by the examples 'an expert job', 'skillful retouching'. but is broader and includes the performance attribute of Actions that do not reach the quality level of 'skillful' or 'expert'. That specific WordNet sense should be represented by a subtype @ToDo: in WordNet: 8. (2) adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful - (having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude; 'adept in handicrafts'; 'an adept juggler'; 'an expert job'; 'a good mechanic'; 'a practiced marksman'; 'a proficient engineer'; 'a lesser-known but no less skillful composer'; 'the effect was achieved by skillful retouching')
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Dexterous^c Accomplished^c SurgicallyPrecise^c

Skillfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skillfully

Description

''Skillfully'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the quality of action in the Event is higher than is normal or expected for an Event of that type, indicating that it was performed with skill.

      NOTE: this is also used as the opposite of ''Poorly'.  THe various
         nuances may need discrimination.

      NOTE: to characterize the aptitude of a person performing in this manner,
        use adjective ''Skillful''.

    Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'well' in WordNet:
      1. (76) well, good - ((often used as a combining form) in a good or proper 
       or satisfactory manner or to a high standard ('good' is a nonstandard 
       dialectal variant for 'well'); 'the children behaved well'; 'a task well done'; 
       'the party went well'; 'he slept well'; 'a well-argued thesis'; 
       'a well-seasoned dish'; 'a well-planned party'; 'the baby can walk pretty good')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Skillfulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skillfulness`
Description	''Skillfulness'' is a state of a Person who is ''Skilled'. `NOTE the WN gloss says 'cognitively' but this applies to manual dexterity and technical and artistic expertise as well. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'skillfulness' in WordNet: 1. skillfulness - (the state of being cognitively skillful)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Skilled^c hasSubjectOfState^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Adroitness^c

Skimming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skimming`
Description	An Action in which some Object(s) or quantity of Substance(s) are removed from the surface of a liquid - Whether in order to make the surface clear of undesired material, or conversely to gather the material on the surface for use. `The parent ''Gathering'' is included since the material skimmed is usually kept in some receiver, at least temporarily, and even if for disposal. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skim' in WordNet: 6. skim, skim off, cream off, cream - (remove from the surface; 'skim cream from the surface of milk')`
Super-classes	ClearingaSurface^c Gathering^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some LiquidObject^c removes^op some SurfaceFilm^c

Skimpy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skimpy

Description

''Skimpy'' is similar to ''Meager'' - 'barely sufficient'. Hard to distinguish usage.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skimpy' in Wordnet:
         1. lean, skimpy - (containing little excess; 'a lean budget'; 'a skimpy allowance')

Super-classes SufficiencyValue^c
Deficient^c
Unsatisfactory^c

Skin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skin`
Description	A piece of animal skin. A piece of skin may or may not have hairs on it; a piece of skin removed from the animal is still an instance of this type. This is an Object: for the substance of which Skin is composed, use 'SkinTissue'; each 'Hide-BodyPart'.has some piece of 'Skin' as a physical part. For a whole skin (removed from the rest of the animal) use ''Hide''. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$Skin is an outer protective and tactile sensory covering (or part of such a covering) for (part of) an animal's body. This collection includes both the entire skins of animals, as well as proper parts of such skins (such as Yul Brynner's scalp). SUMO: A BodyCovering that comprises part of the surface of Animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skin' in WordNet: 1. (11) skin, tegument, cutis - (a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch; 'your skin is the largest organ of your body')
Super-classes	BodyCovering^c AnimalBodyPart^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c VibrationThroughAMediumSensor^c TactileSensor^c SolidObject^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value SkinTissue^c isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Animal^c isDesignedToCover^op value AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Freckle^c Foreskin^c Scalp^c WholeSkin^c Eyelid^c

SkinCancer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkinCancer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skin cancer' in WordNet: 1. skin cancer - (a malignant neoplasm of the skin)`
Super-classes	SkinDisease^c Cancer^c
Sub-classes	Melanoma^c

SkinDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkinDisease`
Description	A subtype of 'Disease' affecting the skin of an animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skin disease' in WordNet: 1. skin disease, disease of the skin, skin disorder, skin problem, skin condition - (a disease affecting the skin)`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Lupus^c SkinCancer^c Erythroderma^c Scabies^c Acne^c Rash^c

SkinDiving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkinDiving`
Description	''SkinDiving'' is a ''SwimmingUnderwater'' while using some Device that allows breathing while the face and nose remain underwater. This can be with a snorkel mask or a ''SCUBA''. The deep diving in a diving suit attachedto an air line from a ship above is not included. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skin-dive' in WordNet: 1. skin-dive - (swim underwater with a breathing apparatus) WN noun 'skin diving': 1. skin diving, skin-dive - (underwater swimming with a breathing apparatus)`
Super-classes	SwimmingUnderwater^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value BreathingDevice^c
Sub-classes	ScubaDiving^c

SkinSensation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkinSensation`
Description	A ''SkinSensation'' is ''Sensation'' that is or seems to be localized to the skin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skin sensation' in WordNet: 1. cutaneous sensation, haptic sensation, skin sensation - (a sensation localized on the skin)`
Super-classes	Sensation^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Tingling^c TouchSensation^c Tickle^c

SkinTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkinTissue`
Description	'SkinTissue' is the tissue of which a piece of skin is composed. This is a substance - a piece of skin is an instance of 'Skin'.
Super-classes	AnimalTissue^c

Skinny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skinny`
Description	''Skinny'' is applied mostly to People who are very 'Lean', to the extent of being 'underweight'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skinny' in Wordnet: 1. (2) scraggy, boney, scrawny, skinny, underweight, weedy - (being very thin; 'a child with skinny freckled legs'; 'a long scrawny neck')`
Super-classes	Lean^c
Sub-classes	Bony^c

Skipping^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skipping

Description

The locomotion process using feet, not ;''SkippingSomething''. A subtype of ''Jumping'' that uses less force and causes a shorter
forward movement. A 'skip' may be done on one leg, whereas 'jumping' usually needs two legs to propel sufficiently.

           NOTE: logical difference is still unresolved


         Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'skip' in WordNet:
           3. (1) hop, skip, hop-skip - (jump lightly)

Super-classes Ambulation^c
Jumping^c

SkippingOverSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkippingOverSomething`
Description	''SkippingOverSomething'' Is an Event (or part of a series of events) where an Agent intentionally or unintentionally does not do something to one of a list of things that the agent does do to others. (1) The Action that is done to other things that is not done to the thing 'skipped' may be (optionally) pointed to by the relation ''hasAttemptedAction'', for the case where the omission was unintentional. (2) The Event that did not happen is pointed to by the (inherited) relation 'hasEventNotOccurring'; (3) the thing 'skipped' (object not acted on, event, whatever) is pointed to by the 'hasThingSkipped' relation. This type includes intentional and unintentional omission (as when another agent does not know of the omission was intentional or not). For intentional omission of things use the subtype ''ExceptingSomething''. The only verb sense of 'bypass' in WordNet is close but not exactly of this meaning, but is included as a term because part of its meaning is similar Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skip' and verb sense 1 of 'omit' in WordNet: 1. (7) jump, pass over, skip, skip over - (bypass; 'He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible') 2. neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, miss, leave out, overlook, overleap - (leave undone or leave out; 'How could I miss that typo?'; 'The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten') WN verb 'bypass': 1. (4) bypass, short-circuit, go around, get around - (avoid something unpleasant or laborious; 'You cannot bypass these rules!') WN noun 'omission': 4. omission - (neglecting to do something; leaving out or passing over something)
Super-classes	DidNotHappenEvent^c Inaction^c
Restrictions	hasThingSkipped^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	MissingaPayment^c ExceptingSomething^c OverlookingSomething^c
In domain of	hasThingSkipped^op

Skirmish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skirmish

Description

A ''Skirmish'' is a fight between organized groups, not necessarily military, that is not prolonged and involves relatively small groups.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skirmish' in WordNet:
          1. (3) brush, clash, encounter, skirmish - (a minor short-term fight)

Super-classes Fight-Physical^c

Skirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skirt`
Description	A Skirt differs from Pants in that Pants have two parts that fit the legs closely, but skirts do not. Certain garments that look like skirts may have cloth between the legs (culottes, 'kirts'), and these are not included in this type, even if the outside line forms the traditional bell-shaped silhouette. This follows definition 2 from RHW, in that a 'Skirt' is not joined between the legs. This type also does not include the meaning of 'skirt' as the lower portion of a dress (see ''SkirtBottom''). This does not include Scottish kilts. RHW 'skirt' 2. a one-piece garment extending downward from the waist and not joined between the legs, worn esp. by women and girls. A specialization of #$Clothing-Bottom. Each instance of #$Skirt is an item of clothing intended to cover the lower part of the body. Skirts are typically women's clothing, but instances of the specialization #$Kilt (q.v.) are skirts traditionally worn by men in Scotland. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'skirt' in WordNet: 2. (2) skirt - - (a garment hanging from the waist; worn mainly by girls and women)
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Clothing-Bottom^c
Sub-classes	Tutu^c Kilt^c Miniskirt^c HoopSkirt^c

SkirtBottom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkirtBottom`
Description	A ''SkirtBottom'' is the bottom part of a ''Dress'' that covers the hip and part or all of the legs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skirt' in WordNet: 1. (4) skirt - (cloth covering that forms the part of a garment below the waist)`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Clothing-Bottom^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Dress^c

SkirtHoop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkirtHoop`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoop' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hoop - (a light curved skeleton to spread out a skirt)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Framework^c ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value HoopSkirt^c supportsPartly^op value HoopSkirt^c

Skittish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skittish

Description

'Skittish'' is a subattribute of ''EasilyAgitated'' characterizing Animals (including people) that easily get afraid, and (for animals) may run away from fear.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skittish' in Wordnet:
         1. skittish, flighty, spooky, nervous - (unpredictably excitable (especially of horses))

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Skull^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skull`
Description	The protective skeletal encasing of the the brain; includes the Jaw. SUMO: The Bone that is found in the Heads of Vertebrates. This is a part of the ''Skeleton'' - see ''Bone'' for the restriction. parts of the skull in WN: calvaria, skullcap -- (the dome of the skull) cranium, braincase, brainpan -- (the part of the skull that encloses the brain) occiput -- (back part of the head or skull) sinciput -- (the front part of the head or skull (including the forehead)) jaw -- (the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skull' in Wordnet: 1. (5) skull - (the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates)
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c

Skullcap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skullcap`
Description	CYC: a small tight-fitting cap. Aka yarmulke. NOTE: 'Yarmulke'' is a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skullcap' in WordNet: 1. (1) skullcap - (rounded brimless cap fitting the crown of the head)`
Super-classes	Cap^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value Brim^c
Sub-classes	Yarmulke^c

Skunk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skunk

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skunk' in Wordnet:
         4. skunk, polecat, wood pussy - (American musteline mammal
           typically ejecting an intensely malodorous fluid when startled; 
           in some classifications put in a separate subfamily Mephitinae)

Super-classes Mustelidae^c

Sky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sky`
Description	The Earth's sky, as seen from locations on the Earth's surface. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sky' in WordNet: 1. (49) sky - - (the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth)`
Super-classes	SpatialThing^c GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	hasSpatialPart^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OuterSpace^c hasSpatialPart^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c

SkyDiving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkyDiving

Description

CYC: The collection of actions in which a person jumps from a high altitude using a parachute to retard his velocity toward the earth.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skydiving' and verb sense 1 of 'skydive' in Wordnet:
           1. skydiving - (performing acrobatics in free fall before pulling the ripcord of a parachute)
        WN verb 'skydive':
         1. sky dive, skydive - (jump from an airplane and perform various 
            maneuvers before opening one's parachute)
           the ripcord of a parachute)

Super-classes HumanActivity^c
Descending^c
OutdoorActivity^c

SkyeTerrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkyeTerrier`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Skye terrier' in WordNet: 1. Skye terrier - (Scottish breed of terrier with shaggy hair and long low body with short legs; native to the Isle of Skye)`
Super-classes	Terrier^c

Skylight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skylight`
Description	A ''LargeWindow'' is a ''Window'' in a residence that is located in a ''Roof'' so as to admit ''Daylight'' into a Room. The location as part of a 'Roof'' and of a ''Room'' directly implies that paart of the the ''Roof'' is the ''Ceiling'' of the building it is in. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skylight' in WordNet: 1. (3) skylight, fanlight - (a window in a roof to admit daylight)`
Super-classes	Window^c PartOfBuilding^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Room^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Roof^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Ceiling^c hasDesignFunction^op value LightingUpaRoom^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Room^c

Skyline^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skyline

Description

A ''Skyline'' is an Outline objects seen against the sky, which may include a View of the sides of those Object from the vantage point of the viewer. (Thus not precisely an 'outline'?)

     Used often to refer to the 'skyline' of a City with prominent tall buildings.
       'The skyline of New York'

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skyline' in WordNet:
       1. skyline - (the outline of objects seen against the sky)

Super-classes Outline^c

Skyrocket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skyrocket`
Description	A ''Skyrocket'' is a small (about one foot long) ''Rocket'' that can serve as a ''VisualSignal'' by propelling a flare into the sky, as a signal of a need for help. This is able to be handled by one Person, usually with one hand. `The WN synset includes life-saving rockets that propel aline, which should be a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skyrocket' in WordNet: 1. rocket, skyrocket - (propels bright light high in the sky, or used to propel a lifesaving line or harpoon)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c SmallObject^c VisualSignal^c Rocket^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 60.0^c

SkyrocketingAction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SkyrocketingAction

Description

''Skyrocketing'' ''MotionUpward'' that is even faster than ''Soaring''. 'skyrocketing stock prices'

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skyrocket' in WordNet:
           1. rocket, skyrocket - (shoot up abruptly, like a rocket; 'prices skyrocketed')

Super-classes Soaring^c

Skyscraper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Skyscraper`
Description	Modern, urban buildings with many, many stories. Often contain many offices. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skyscraper' in Wordnet: 1. (1) skyscraper - (a very tall building with many stories)`
Super-classes	OfficeBuilding^c Tower^c TallBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tall^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Custom-Made^c

Slab^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slab

Description

A ''Slab'' is a ''Block'' with both length and width at east five times as large as the thickness. It is approximately flat and not perceptible curved.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slab' in WordNet:
          1. (3) slab - (block consisting of a thick piece of something)

Super-classes Block^c

Slack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slack`
Description	''Slack'' is an attribute characterizing a Person who fails to perform tasks with proper attentiveness or care or thoroughness. `NOTE: the WordNet adj sense 1 of 'lax' appears to include the 'lax'in performing tasks ('rigor' as well as the 'lax' in enforcing discipline. This is the 'lax' in performing tasks (with proper attentiveness). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lax' in Wordnet: 1. (1) lax, slack - (lacking in rigor or strictness; 'such lax and slipshod ways are no longer acceptable'; 'lax in attending classes'; 'slack in maintaining discipline')`
Super-classes	Unexacting^c
Sub-classes	Slipshod^c

Slacks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slacks`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slacks' in WordNet: 1. (4) slacks - ((usually in the plural) pants for casual wear)`
Super-classes	Trousers^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Casual-OfClothing^c

Slaked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slaked

Description

''Slaked'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Thirst'' that has been reduced by a ''SlakingaThirst'' Action.

         Corresponds to part (specifically for Thirst) of adjective sense 1 of 'slaked' in Wordnet:
           1. quenched, satisfied, slaked - (allayed; 'his thirst quenched he was able to continue')

Super-classes Fulfilled^c
PastParticiple^c

SlakedLime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlakedLime`
Description	Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] as contrasted with lmestone (mostly CaCO3) or 'slaked lime' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slaked lime' in WordNet: 1. calcium hydroxide, lime, slaked lime, hydrated lime, calcium hydrate, caustic lime, lime hydrate - (a caustic substance produced by heating limestone)`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	containsChemicalElement^op value Hydrogen^c containsChemicalElement^op value Calcium^c containsChemicalElement^op value Oxygen^c

SlakingaThirst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlakingaThirst`
Description	''SlakingaThirst'' is a ''SatisfyingHungerOrThirst'' in which an Animal drinks some water or water-based beverage to reduce or eliminate a sensation of ''Thirst' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slake' in WordNet: 1. quench, slake, allay, assuage - (satisfy (thirst); 'The cold water quenched his thirst')`
Super-classes	SatisfyingHungerOrThirst^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value DrinkingEvent^c hadReducedEntity^op value Thirst^c

SlammingSomethingShut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlammingSomethingShut`
Description	''SlammingSomethingShut'' is a ''ClosingSomething'' (door, drawer, container with lid) Action that takes place with sufficient force to cause a 'slamming' noise (usually distinguishable from other noises.) `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slam' in WordNet: 1. (8) slam, bang - (close violently; 'He slammed the door shut')`
Super-classes	DirectedTranslation^c ClosingSomething^c
Restrictions	occurredLaterThan^op some OpeningSomething^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value OpeningSomething^c causes^op value Noise^c

Slander^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slander`
Description	Slander'' is a ''Criticism'' that accuses someone of some reprehensible Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slander' in WordNet: 2. aspersion, calumny, slander, defamation, denigration - (an abusive attack on a person's character or good name)`
Super-classes	Slur^c Criticism^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c

Slant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slant`
Description	A ''Slant'' is an Attitude based on a having a ''Bias'' NOTE that in WN this can be used for a ''Person'' or a 'wa of presentng something'. these might be distinguished?? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slant' in WordNet: 1. (1) slant, angle - (a biased way of looking at or presenting something)`
Super-classes	PointOfView^c Attitude^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Biased^c mayBeCausedBy^op some Bias^c

SlantingaCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlantingaCommunication`
Description	''SlantingaCommunication'' is Communication Action in which one Agent communicates ideas with the intention of inducing opinions in the audience, but intentionally does not include all of the relevant facts, because those facts may cause a belief different from what the presenting agent wants the audience to believe. This is done commonly in political discussions and to some extent in advertising. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'slant' in WordNet: 2. (1) slant, angle, weight - (present with a bias; 'He biased his presentation so as to please the share holders')`
Super-classes	Deception-Generic^c Communication^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Biased^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value PrejudicingaPerson^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value PrejudicingaPerson^c

Slat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slat`
Description	A ''Slat'' is a ''Strip'' made of Wood. It differs from a ''Board'' in having a relatively small cross-sectional dimension. `The ratio of the sides in the Rectangular cross-section is typically 3:1 to 5:1. Corresponds to part (wood) of noun sense 1 of 'slat' in Wordnet: 1. (2) slat, spline - (a thin strip (wood or metal))`
Super-classes	Rod^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c

Slate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slate

Description

A type of stone consisting mostly of layered sedimentary material.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slate' in Wordnet:
         3. slate - (a fine-grained metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers)

Super-classes Stone^c

SlateColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlateColor`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slate-grey' in Wordnet: 1. slate-grey, slate-gray, slaty-grey, slaty-gray, slaty, slatey, stone-grey, stone-gray - (of the color of slate or granite; 'the slaty sky of dawn')`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	GreenishGray-Color^c BlackishBlue-Color^c DarkBluishGray-Color^c

SlaughteringAnimals^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlaughteringAnimals`
Description	''SlaughteringAnimals'' is a killing of animals for use as food, whether done by a small farmmon a small scale or a large scale. 'led like lambs to the slaughter'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slaughter' in WordNet: 1. (3) butcher, slaughter - (kill (animals) usually for food consumption; 'They slaughtered their only goat to survive the winter') WN noun 'slaughter': 1. (3) slaughter - (the killing of animals (as for food))`
Super-classes	Killing^c
Restrictions	precedes^op value Butchering^c hadObjectHandled^op value FarmAnimal^c

Slave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slave`
Description	A Person who is owned by another Person; This can occur only in places where slavery is legal or accepted in the absence of an authority that can enforce law, and is de facto legal. `A ''Slave'' is a Person who is treated as legal ''Property'' belonging to another Person (a ''Slaveholder'') who can order the Slave to perform work without being paid. However in COSMO a ''Slave'' is a ''ValuableThing' but the term ''Property'' is used only for non-human valuable things. CYC 'Slave': A person who is bound to hard servitude without any meaningful compensation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slave' in WordNet: 1. (18) slave - - (a person who is owned by someone)`
Super-classes	Person^c ValuableThing^c SlavelikeRole^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Slaveholder^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some Slavery^c

SlaveLabor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlaveLabor

Description

'UnpaidWork'' that is performed involuntarily, not necessarily by a formal 'slave'.

      Nothing in WN.  In RHW senses 2 and 3:
        2,  labor done by slaves.
        3,  any coerced or poorly remunerated work: 'Typing at that salary is slave labor'.

Super-classes UnpaidWork^c

Slaveholder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slaveholder`
Description	A ''Slaveholder'' is a Person who owns a ''Slave'' and who can order the Slave to perform work without being paid. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slaveholder' in WordNet: 1. slaveholder, slave owner, slaver - (someone who owns slaves)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	owns^op some Slave^c

Slavelike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slavelike

Description

'Slavelike' is the attribute meaning 'being a slave' or 'similar to or pertaining to slaves' as in 'slave labor'

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slave' in WordNet:
    1. slave - - (held in servitude; 'he was born of slave parents')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SlavelikeRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlavelikeRole`
Description	A Person who is either (1) owned by another Person. (This can occur only in places where slavery is legal or accepted in the absence of an authority that can enforce law) or (2) is forced by threat of violence to work for someone without meaningful compensation and without the choice of leaving.. This is called 'Slave' in Cyc, but 'Slave' in COSMO is restricted to actually owned persons, not just those forced to work in slave-like conditions. Those who work 'as a slave' where slavery is not legal, and where such activity must be hidden (w.g. 'sex slaves') are instances of this type. `Actual ''Slave''s are represented by ''Slave''. Cyc: 'Slave': A person who is bound to hard servitude without any meaningful compensation.`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	Slave^c

Slavery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slavery`
Description	''Slavery'' is the state of a ''Slave''. it is the ''SocialState'' of any individual ''Slave''. The social 'institution' would be a separate type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slavery' in WordNet: 1. (9) bondage, slavery, thrall, thralldom, thraldom - (the state of being under the control of another person)`
Super-classes	PersonalCircumstances^c SocialState^c Servitude^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Permanent^c isPerformedBy^op value Slave^c hasSubEvent^op value Ownership^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Involuntary^c

Slavish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slavish

Description

Being ''Slavish'' is an intensive form of being ''Servile'', sufficiently so that the insincerity is obvious to anyone.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'slavish' in Wordnet:
         2. slavish, subservient, submissive - (abjectly submissive;
            characteristic of a slave or servant; 'slavish devotion to her job 
            ruled her life'; 'a slavish yes-man to the party bosses'- S.H.Adams; 
            'she has become submissive and subservient')

Super-classes Servile^c

Sled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sled`
Description	This type is for play or sport and excludes sleds that are pulled by dogs or horses; for that, used the sister type ''DogSled''. `Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'sled' in WordNet: 1. sled, sledge, sleigh - (a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow)`
Super-classes	SnowSurfaceTransporter^c SportsEquipment^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Runner^c
Sub-classes	Bobsled^c

SledgeHammer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SledgeHammer`
Description	A ''SledgeHammer'' is a ''Hammer'' with a heavy head that is close to cylindrical in shape, and is flat at both ends, and unlike a carpenter's Hammer, does not have a claw at one end for pulling nails. This type of ''Hammer'' is usually used for pounding objects like stakes into the ground, or for other 'pounding' actions that need more force than a typical carpenter's hammer. `NOTE: the WN gloss specifies a long-handled two-hand Hammer, but this type includes the shorter-handled type of ''Sledgehammer'' that can be wielded with one hand (represented as subtype ''LumpHammer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sledgehammer' in WordNet: 1. maul, sledge, sledgehammer - (a heavy long-handled hammer used to drive stakes or wedges)`
Super-classes	Hammer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Heavy^c
Sub-classes	LumpHammer^c

SleepDisorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleepDisorder`
Description	''Insomnia''is an ''UpsetCondition'' in which a Person has more than normal dificulty falling asleep.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleep disorder' in WordNet: 1. sleep disorder - (a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern)`
Super-classes	UpsetCondition^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value SleepingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Infertility^c Insomnia^c

SleepWalker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleepWalker`
Description	A ''SleepWalker'' is the ''Unusual'' Action of a Person walking while still sleeping. This is a Role that only lasts while a Person is ''SleepWalking''. Someone who habitually sleepwalks would be a different type when not sleepwalking. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleepwalker' in WordNet: 1. (1) sleepwalker, somnambulist, noctambulist - (someone who walks about in their sleep)`
Super-classes	SleepingPerson^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SleepWalking^c

SleepWalking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleepWalking`
Description	''SleepWalking'' is the ''Unusual'' Action of a Person walking while still asleep. Not common. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sleepwalk' in WordNet: 1. sleepwalk, somnambulate - (walk in one's sleep)`
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c SleepingEvent^c UnusualThing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value SleepingPerson^c

SleepWear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleepWear`
Description	CYC: Clothes you wear when you're ready to sleep at night, or after you wake up in the morning - clothes that are worn during sleep, and during the transition period between sleep and wakeful activity and vice versa `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'SleepWear' in WordNet: 1. nightwear, sleepwear, nightclothes - (garments designed to be worn in bed)`
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c Garment^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SleepingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Pajamas^c NightGown^c

SleepingAtaCrashPad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleepingAtaCrashPad`
Description	''SleepingAtaCrashPad'' is a ''BeddingDown'' (getting into bed) at some place not one's usual residence, and not a ''TemporaryLodgings''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bed down' in WordNet: 1. (1) bed down, bunk down - (go to bed; 'We bedded down at midnight')`
Super-classes	BeddingDown^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value CrashPad^c

SleepingBag^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleepingBag

Description

CYC: The collection of sleeping bags. A sleeping bag is an insulated bag which zips open to allow easier access and is intended to keep one warm when sleeping outside.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleeping bag' in WordNet:
          1. (1) sleeping bag - (large padded bag designed 
              to be slept in outdoors; usually rolls up like a bedroll)

Super-classes InsulatingCover^c
Bag^c

SleepingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleepingEvent`
Description	COSMO note: ''SleepingEvent'' is the ''PhysiologicalCondition'' of being asleep and not awake. NOTE: in WN this is a form of 'resting' but in COSMO a ''Resting-RelaxingEvent'' is performed while ''Awake''. One may 'doze off' and sleep unintentionally while trying to stay awake, as at boring meetings. Cyc: The collection of all #$Sleeping events, i.e., natural processes in which an #$Animal engages in some unconscious mental activity coupled with physical rest. #$Sleeping is a subcollection of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary; the process of #$Sleeping is essential for the health of sentient animals. NOTE: 'kip is a chiefly British usage: RHW verb 'kip': 3. to sleep or nap. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'sleep' in WordNet: WN noun 'sleep': 1. (23) sleep, slumber - - (a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended; 'he didn't get enough sleep last night'; 'calm as a child in dreamless slumber') WN verb 'sleep': 1. (58) sleep, kip, slumber, log Z's, catch some Z's - - (be asleep) WN noun 'sleeping': 1. (1) sleeping - (the state of being asleep)
Super-classes	UnconsciousnessOrSleeping^c CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c NormalOrganismCondition^c
Restrictions	typicallyFollows^op value GoingToBed^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Asleep^c isPerformedBy^op value SleepingPerson^c
Sub-classes	DailySleep^c SleepWalking^c Nap^c Oversleeping^c REMsleep^c

SleepingPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleepingPerson`
Description	A ''SleepingPerson'' is a ''Person'' who is ''Asleep''. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'sleeper' (includes people who are ''SleepWalking'') in WordNet: 1. (1) sleeper, slumberer - (a rester who is sleeping)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Asleep^c
Sub-classes	SleepWalker^c

Sleepless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sleepless

Description

NOTE: 'watchful' seems to be archaic. Left out so as not toconfuse it with 'alert'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sleepless' in Wordnet:
        1. insomniac, sleepless, watchful - (experiencing or 
           accompanied by sleeplessness; "insomniac old people"; 
           "insomniac nights"; "lay sleepless all night"; 
           "twenty watchful, weary, tedious nights"- Shakespeare)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sleepover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sleepover`
Description	A ''Visit'' that includes ''StayingOvernight'' and typically sleeping at the place where one is visiting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleepover' in WordNet: 1. sleepover - (an occasion of spending a night away from home or having a guest spend the night in your home (especially as a party for children))`
Super-classes	SocialGathering^c Visiting^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Visitor^c hasSubEvent^op value SleepingEvent^c hasSubEvent^op value StayingOvernight^c

Sleepyhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sleepyhead`
Description	A ''Sleepyhead'' is a Person who is ''Drowsy'' ('sleepy'). This is not usually applied to infants, who sleep frequently. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleepyhead' in WordNet: 1. sleepyhead - (a sleepy person)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Drowsy^c

Sleet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sleet`
Description	'Sleet' is substance, a form of ice (water) that is composed of many small and approximately cubic crystals that have precipitated from the sky. This includes the sleet still falling as well as sleet that is on the ground. NOTE that the difference between sleet and snow is the shape of the crystals, but that imparts special qualities, including a higher density of the fallen and compacted ''Sleet'', and potentially large sizes for the''Sleet'' crystals. The difference between ''Sleet'' and ''Hail'' is that sleet may be partly melted, and 'Hail'' should be solid with no liquid water when it falls. NOTE: In COSMO ''Hail'' is a subtype of ''Sleet'', being all solid. British usage - more like snow. Which is it? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleet' in WordNet: 1. sleet - (partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow))
Super-classes	GranularSubstance^c Ice^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasComponentSubstance^op value Water^c isProducedByEventType^op value SleetEvent^c
Sub-classes	Hail^c

SleetEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleetEvent`
Description	Any sleetstorm large or small. NOTE that 'sleet' is a form of precipitation consisting of ''Ice'', not (as in WN) a mixture of rain and snow; Such a mixture should be 'slush'. `NOTE that RHW distinguishes a sense closer to WN: 1. precipitation in the form of ice pellets created by the freezing of rain as it falls (distinguished from hail). 3. Chiefly Brit. a mixture of rain and snow. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sleet' in WordNet: 1. sleet - (precipitate as a mixture of rain and snow; 'If the temperature rises above freezing, it will probably sleet')`
Super-classes	WaterPrecipitationProcess^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Sleet^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c

Sleety^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sleety

Description

CYC: The current condition of having some sleet.

       NOTE: this attribute can characterize the weather, or the skies, or 
          the ground on which some''Sleet' has fallen.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sleety' in Wordnet:
         1. sleety - (consisting of or of the nature of frozen or partially frozen rain)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SleeveOfGarment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SleeveOfGarment`
Description	CYC: The collection of garment sleeves. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleeve' in WordNet: 1. (5) sleeve, arm - (the part of a garment that is attached at the armhole and that provides a cloth covering for the arm)`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c SomethingToWearPart^c
Restrictions	surrounds-Ringlike^op value Arm^c isDesignedToCover^op value Arm^c
Sub-classes	LongSleeve^c ShortSleeve^c

Sleeveless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sleeveless

Description

''Sleeveless'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Clothing-Top'' that has no ''SleeveOfGarment'' that covers either arm.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sleeveless' in Wordnet:
        1. sleeveless - (having no sleeves; 'sleeveless summer dresses')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sleighing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sleighing`
Description	''Sleighing'' is the Action of 'riding' in a ''Sled'' whether as the driver or as a Passenger. This includes riding in a horse-drawn 'sleigh' or riding on one's belly in a child's 'sled' that goes downhill by gravity. For now 'tobogganing' in a toboggan (which is not a subtype of ''Sled'') is included, but gravity-propelled 'sledding' and tobogganing should be distinguished subtypes. `'What fun it is to ride and sing a sleighing song tonight.' (Jingle Bells) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sleigh' in WordNet: 1. sled, sleigh - (ride (on) a sled)`
Super-classes	RidingInaVehicle^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Sled^c hadObjectRidden^op value Sled^c

Slender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slender`
Description	'Slender' things are (relatively) small in circumference. This can apply to parts of objects, as 'a slender waist'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'slight' in RHW: 3. slender or slim; not heavily built Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slender', 3 of 'slight' and sense 1 of 'slim' in WordNet: 1. (6) slender, slight, slim, svelte - - (being of delicate or slender build; 'she was slender as a willow shoot is slender'- Frank Norris; 'a slim girl with straight blonde hair'; 'watched her slight figure cross the street')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Trim^c

SliceOfBread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SliceOfBread`
Description	Called 'Bread-Slice' in Cyc: `Cyc: A slice of #$Bread.`
Super-classes	BreadObject^c SliceOfSomething^c
Restrictions	wasaPhysicalPartOf^op value LoafOfBread^c
Sub-classes	FrenchToast^c

SliceOfCheese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SliceOfCheese`
Description	A ''SliceOfSomething'' where the 'something' is ''Cheese''.
Super-classes	SliceOfFood^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Cheese^c

SliceOfFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SliceOfFood`
Description	One Slice of any kind of ''Food''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slice' in WordNet: 2. (2) piece, slice - (a serving that has been cut from a larger portion; 'a piece of pie'; 'a slice of bread')`
Super-classes	FoodPortion^c SliceOfSomething^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Food^c
Sub-classes	SliceOfPie^c SliceOfMeat^c SliceOfCheese^c

SliceOfMeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SliceOfMeat`
Description	One Slice of any kind of meat.
Super-classes	SliceOfFood^c Food-ReadyToEat^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Meat^c
Sub-classes	Cutlet^c

SliceOfPie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SliceOfPie`
Description	A ''SliceOfPie'' is a sector-shaped portion of some ''Pie'' (not the whole pie).
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c BakedFoodObject^c DessertFood^c SliceOfFood^c PreparedFood^c SectorShapedObject^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value PieFilling^c isaProperPartOf^op some Pie^c

SliceOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SliceOfSomething`
Description	A 'SliceOfSomething' is a PhysicalObject that is sheet-like and has been cut from a larger object. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'slice' in WordNet: 5. slice - (a thin flat piece cut off of some object)`
Super-classes	PieceOfAnObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c FlatObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value SlicingSomething^c wasaPhysicalPartOf^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Steak^c Chop-MeatCut^c FishFilet^c SliceOfFood^c AnalyticalSection^c SliceOfBread^c Wafer^c

Sliced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sliced

Description

        NOTE: the WN gloss refers only to 'meat' but this type characterizes
          sliced ''Bread'' also.  For food cut into small pieces, use ''Chopped''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sliced' in Wordnet:
          2. sliced - (used of meat; cut into pieces for serving)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SlicingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlicingSomething`
Description	''SlicingSomething'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a SolidObject into one or more ''SliceOfSomething''s. `Sometimes slicing a food object such as a turkey or ham is referred to as 'carving' - see ''CarvingFood''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slice' in Wordnet: 3. (1) slice, slice up - (cut into slices; 'Slice the salami, please')`
Super-classes	CarvingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some SolidObject^c produces^op some SliceOfSomething^c

Slide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slide

Description

A 'Slide' is any of various devices having some inclined surface (straight or curved), usually with side supports to prevent falling off, and ending near the ground, down which people (often children) can slide, with or without a supporting small seat, for purposees of entertainment. This includes water slides.

     Corresponds most closely to noun sense 4 of 'slide' in WordNet:    
        4. (1) slide - (plaything consisting of a sloping chute down which children can slide)
          or rocks or snow etc.)

Super-classes EntertainmentDevice^c
PlaygroundObject^c

SlideProjector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlideProjector`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slide projector' in WordNet: 1. slide projector - (projector that projects an enlarged image of a slide onto a screen)`
Super-classes	Projector^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value LanternSlide^c

Sliding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sliding`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sliding' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sliding - (being a smooth continuous motion)`
Super-classes	InMotion^c

Sliding-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sliding-Generic`
Description	This is the most general collection about the rubbing, sliding or skidding processes that occur between solid objects in physical contact. #$Sliding-Generic is disjoint with #$RollingOnASurface: In instances of #$RollingOnASurface flush surface regions of the slider and the slidee do not translate relative to each other during for the brief moment that they are in contact. By contrast, such flush surface regions are translating relative to each other during instances of #$Sliding-Generic. Typical examples include objects sliding, slipping, or skidding. Negative examples include balls rolling (the contact surfaces do not translate relative to one another) and water flowing in a conduit (because the #$objectMoving is not solid). All things being equal friction involved with sliding is greater than that with rolling. See also #$Sliding-LowFriction, a low friction kind of #$Sliding-Generic to be contrasted with it high friction sibling, #$Rubbing. Includes 'slipping' and 'skidding' as well as transitive and intransitive senses of 'slide' Includes verb sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'slide', sense 3 of 'slip' and sense 1 and 4 of 'skid' in WordNet, but does not necessarily imply sideways movement; in WordNet: 1. (18) skid, slip, slue, slew, slide - - (move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner; 'the wheels skidded against the sidewalk') 3. (3) slide - - (move smoothly along a surface; 'He slid the money over to the other gambler') WN 'skid': 1. (3) skid - - (slide without control; 'the car skidded in the curve on the wet road') 4. skid, slip, slue, slew, slide - - (move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner; 'the wheels skidded against the sidewalk')
Super-classes	Motion-SolidAgainstSolid^c
Sub-classes	Rubbing^c SlidingOverSnowOrIce^c Sliding-LowFriction^c SlidingInAndOutOfSomething^c Brushing^c

Sliding-LowFriction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sliding-LowFriction`
Description	CYC: A process of moving along a surface with all points of the moving object having the same trajectory. `This is for sliding without rotating, as happens often in a 'skid'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slide' in WordNet: 3. (3) slide - - (move smoothly along a surface; 'He slid the money over to the other gambler')`
Super-classes	Sliding-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Slipping^c

SlidingInAndOutOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlidingInAndOutOfSomething`
Description	''SlidingInAndOutOfSomething'' is a form of ''Sliding-Generic'' that can be performed by artifacts designed to be inserted and withdrawn from a larger artifact,or may be something performed by parts of an Organism.
Super-classes	ReciprocatingMotion^c Sliding-Generic^c

SlidingOverSnowOrIce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlidingOverSnowOrIce`
Description	An Action of Some SolidObject moving over the surface of packed ''Snow'' or ''Ice'. When done intentionally, it uses some Device designed to minimize the friction and allow control of the movement. This can be done as transportation event, as with a DogSled, or for sport, as with skis or ice skates. `This does not include uninentional 'slipping' on Ice.`
Super-classes	Sliding-Generic^c ActionOnObject^c
Sub-classes	Snowboarding^c

Slimy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slimy

Description

CYC Slimy.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slimy' in Wordnet:
         1. slimed, slimy - (covered with or resembling slime; 'a slimy substance covered the rocks')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sling`
Description	This is specific for the 'sling' that supports an injured arm. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'sling' in WordNet: 5. sling, scarf bandage, triangular bandage - (bandage to support an injured forearm; consisting of a wide triangular piece of cloth hanging from around the neck)`
Super-classes	Bandage^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	supports^op value Arm^c

Slingshot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slingshot`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slingshot' in WordNet: 1. (1) slingshot, sling, catapult - (a plaything consisting of a Y-shaped stick with elastic between the arms; used to propel small stones)`
Super-classes	ProjectileLauncher^c HandHeldObject^c
Restrictions	propels^op value MarbleSizedObject^c hasShape^op value Y-shaped^c hasComponentPart^op value RubberStrip^c

SlipUndergarment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlipUndergarment`
Description	An undergarment worn by women. Includes both those with and without a top portion covering the upper torso. `A 'petticoat' would be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'slip' and sense 1 of 'petticoat'in WordNet: 11. chemise, shimmy, shift, slip, teddy - (a woman's sleeveless undergarment) WN noun 'half-slip': 1. petticoat, half-slip, underskirt - (undergarment worn under a skirt)`
Super-classes	Underwear^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sleeveless^c

Slipper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slipper

Description

A ''FootwearItem'' similar to a Shoe, but softer and more flexible and intended to be worn indoors. (but Glass slipper??)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slipper' in Wordnet:
           1. (5) slipper, carpet slipper - (low footwear that can be slipped on and off easily;
             usually worn indoors)

Super-classes FootwearItem^c

Slippery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slippery

Description

Having a surface presenting little friction, and little resistance to rubbing, slipping, or sliding. 'slippery when wet'. Also applies to substances (e.g. grease) that make a surface slippery (should be distingsuished?)

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slippery' in WordNet:
        1. (3) slippery, slippy - - (causing or tending to cause 
          things to slip or slide; 'slippery sidewalks';
          'a slippery bar of soap'; 'the streets are still slippy from the rain')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
SurfaceAttributeValue^c

Slipping^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slipping

Description

CYC: Instances of #$Slipping are instances of #$Sliding-Generic in which some agent did not intend the #$objectMovings to slide. If an #$objectMoving is an #$Agent, then it is a #$nonDeliberateActors in that sliding. If the #$objectMoving is not an agent, then there exists some agent which intends for it not to slide at the moment of slippage.

        Includes 'slipping' and 'skidding' as well as transitive and intransitive
          senses of 'slide'
        Includes verb sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'slide', sense 3 of 'slip'
          and sense 1 and 4 of 'skid' in WordNet, but
         does not necessarily imply sideways movement;
        in WordNet:
          1. (18) skid, slip, slue, slew, slide - - (move obliquely or sideways,
              usually in an uncontrolled manner; 'the wheels skidded against the sidewalk')
         WN 'skid':
           1. (3) skid - - (slide without control; 'the car skidded in 
               the curve on the wet road')

Super-classes Sliding-LowFriction^c

Slipshod^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slipshod

Description

''Slipshod'' is the attribute of Actions that are performed Carelessly, including working on physical objects as well as intellectual tasks.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slipshod' in Wordnet:
         1. haphazard, slapdash, slipshod, sloppy - (marked by great carelessness; 
            'a most haphazard system of record keeping'; 'slapdash work'; 
            'slipshod spelling'; 'sloppy workmanship')

Super-classes Careless^c
Slack^c

Slit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slit`
Description	A ''Slit'' is a ''PhysicalPartOfObject'' that immediately surrounds some ''Opening'' in a ''ArtifactObject'' that is longer than it is wide.This is classified as a ''LongAndThinThing'' though the side 'slit' in a dress may not be thin, if there is a significant overlap of adjoining pieces. The ''Slit'' includes some minimal part of the object surrounding the ''Opening''. `The ''Slit'' does not have to be in a ''SheetOfSomeStuff' though it usually is. It just has to surround an''Opening'' that is long and thin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slit' in WordNet: 1. (5) slit - (a long narrow opening)`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	surrounds-2D^op value Opening^c isLocatedAt^op some ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Slot^c ButtonHole^c

Slithering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slithering

Description

A form of locomotion on a surface that is slow and performed low to the ground, by animals that do not have legs, such as snakes. RHW: 1. to slide down or along a surface, esp. unsteadily, from side to side, or with some friction or noise: The box slithered down the chute. 2. to go or walk with a sliding motion: The snake slithered across the path.

      There  is no precisely corrsponding Wordnet sense.  WordNet 'slither'
       includes other actions:
       in WordNet:
       1. slither, slide - (to pass or move unobtrusively or smoothly;
          'They slid through the wicket in the big gate')

Super-classes Creeping^c

Sliver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sliver`
Description	A ''Sliver'' is a thin and sharp ''Chip'' of a solid object, usually produced unintentionally. For small pieces that are produced intentionally use ''Paring''. .
Super-classes	Chip^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sharp^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c

Slogan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slogan`
Description	A ''Slogan'' is an ''Expression'' used for various purposes, such as rallying a group to a cause, in demonstrations to express a position, or in advertising to express some idea about the quality or uses of a product. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slogan' in WordNet: 1. (1) motto, slogan, catchword, shibboleth - (a favorite saying of a sect or political group)`
Super-classes	Expression^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value InterestGroup^c

Slop^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slop

Description

This sense of '''Slop'' includes most of the senses in WordNet,being aqueous solutions that are or include unapetizing or npleasant components.. Does not necessarily include waste material.

        Corresponds to noun senses 1to 4 of 'slop' in WordNet:
          1. (1) slop, slops, swill, pigswill, pigwash - (wet feed (especially for pigs)
              consisting of mostly kitchen waste mixed with water or skimmed or sour milk)
      2. slop, mire - (deep soft mud in water or slush; 'they waded through the slop')
      3. slop - ((usually plural) waste water from a kitchen or bathroom or chamber pot 
         that has to be emptied by hand; 'she carried out the sink slops')
          4. slop - ((usually plural) weak or watery unappetizing food or drink; 
            'he lived on the thin slops that food kitchens provided')

Super-classes UnpleasantThing^c
LiquidSubstance^c
AqueousSolution^c

Slope-Topographical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slope-Topographical`
Description	An inclined part of the Earth's surface, usually with a smooth relief. Important specs of this collection include #$Hill and #$Mountain. "hiker" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incline' and sense 1 of 'slope' in WordNet: 1. (1) slope, incline, side - - (an elevated geological formation; 'he climbed the steep slope'; 'the house was built on the side of a mountain')
Super-classes	Incline^c LandTopographicalFeature^c LargeObject^c
Sub-classes	Valley^c Escarpment^c Mountainside^c Landslide-Topographical^c Hillside^c HillOrMountain^c

Sloped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sloped

Description

''Sloped'' is the orientation that is 'MostlyHorizontal' but not ''Horizontal' - between 10 degrees and 45 degrees from the horizontal.

     For close to horizontal (sloped upward less than 21 degrees)
     use ''Horizontal''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sloped' in Wordnet:
           1. aslant, aslope, diagonal, slanted, slanting, sloped, sloping -
              (having an oblique or slanted direction)

Super-classes OrientationMeasure^c
MostlyHorizontal^c

Sloshing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sloshing`
Description	''Sloshing'' is a ''ShuttlingBackAndForth'' of a ''LiquidObject'' in a ''OpenTopContainer'', such as water in a bowl that is shaking. The restriction requires that this kind of event 'typically' (rather than always) occurs inside an ''OpenTopContainer'' so that a similar movement of the top of a LiquidObject (such as a puuddle of water on the ground) might also be classified as a ''Sloshing''. Since a ''ShuttlingBackAndForth'' cabe rotational as well as linear, a ''Sloshing'' would also include a 'swirling' of a liquid, as in a glass or flask. `@db1291 @ToDo: To be more precise, it is the top layer of a ''LiquidObject'' that does this motion. Needs formaliation. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'slosh' in RHW: 2. (of a liquid) to move about actively within a container. Includes verb sense 1 of 'swirl' in WordNet: 2. (3) eddy, purl, whirlpool, swirl, whirl - (flow in a circular current, of liquids)`
Super-classes	Oscillating^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInside^op value OpenTopContainer^c hasObjectMoved^op value LiquidObject^c

Slot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slot`
Description	A ''Slot'' is a ''Slit'' in some ''Device' that is used for inserting things, of various types for various purposes.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slot' in WordNet: 2. (1) slot - (a small slit (as for inserting a coin or depositing mail); 'he put a quarter in the slot')`
Super-classes	Slit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Device^c
Sub-classes	CoinSlot^c

SlotMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlotMachine`
Description	A ''SlotMachine'' is a Device that, in order to function as intended requires the insertion of a ''Coin''or a coin-like token; but this traditional 'slot machine' has been superseded by modern machines with similar function that accept, in addition to coins, currency bills or credit cards, or even a digitally coded image (as on a smart phone). This type includes all possibilities. If the traditional coins-only slot needs to be represented, it would be a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slot machine' in WordNet: 1. slot machine, coin machine - (a machine that is operated by the insertion of a coin in a slot)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Slot^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value CashBuying^c
Sub-classes	ParkingMeter^c One-Armedbandit^c

Sloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sloth`
Description	A specialization of #$Edentata. Sloths are slow-moving tree-dwelling tropical mammals. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sloth' in WordNet: 2. sloth, tree sloth - (any of several slow-moving arboreal mammals of South America and Central America; they hang from branches back downward and feed on leaves and fruits)`
Super-classes	Edentate^c ArborealAnimal^c Herbivore^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Vegetation^c

Slouch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slouch`
Description	''Slouch'' is used as a negative characterization of a ''Person'' with several overlapping meanings. The WordNet hierarchys sugests 'Incompetent' but the RHUDEL has two definitions: 6. an awkwrd, clumsy, or slovenly person. 8. a lazy, inept, or inefficient person. This type includes the meaning of sense 8, and subtpes can be added when sufficient clearly differentiated uses have been recognized. ''Slovenly' is a separate QualitativeAtribute. Here we use ''Lazy'' and ''Incompetent', which can be interpreted as being incompetent because s/he is lazy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slouch' in WordNet: 1. slouch - (an incompetent person; usually used in negative constructions; 'he's no slouch when it comes to baseball')`
Super-classes	IncompetentPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Incompetent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Lazy^c

Slouching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slouching`
Description	''Slouching'' is the ''Posture one performs as a result of a ''Drooping'' Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slouch' in Wordnet: 1. slump, slouch - (assume a drooping posture or carriage) WN noun 'slouch': 2. slouch - (a stooping carriage in standing and walking)`
Super-classes	Posture^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Drooping^c

Slovenly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slovenly

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slovenly' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) frowsy, frowzy, slovenly - (negligent of neatness especially in dress 
            and person;  habitually dirty and unkempt; 'filled the door 
            with her frowzy bulk'; 'frowzy white hair'; 'slovenly appearance')

Super-classes Negligent^c

Slow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slow`
Description	'Slow' is an AttributeValue that attributes a slow motion or tendency to move slowly to objects; it has many nuances of meaning, depending on the entity that it modifies, but the thing modified must be a PhysicalObject (for modifying Events, use 'Prolonged'). The simpler cases would be 'slow train', a train that is travelling slower than the typical train; 'slow animals, like turtles or snails'. NOTE that whether something is or is not 'slow' depends on the category to which it is compared; an oxcart can be a 'slow vehicle' even if it is a 'fast oxcart'; so the meaning of being 'slow' must include the category used for comparison. @ToDo this kind of inference needs to be implemented in the FOL version. . For events or actions that proceed more slowly than normal or expected, use the type 'Prolonged'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slow' in WordNet. 1. (23) slow - (not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time; 'a slow walker'; 'the slow lane of traffic'; 'her steps were slow'; 'he was slow in reacting to the news'; 'slow but steady growth')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Torpid^c

Slow-tempo^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slow-tempo

Description

''Slow-tempo'' is specific for characterizing the 'tempo' of a Musical composition or performance.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'slow' in Wordnet:
           2. (3) slow - (at a slow tempo; 'the band played a slow waltz')

Super-classes EventAttributeValue^c

Slower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slower`
Description	'Slower' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some object or process a rate that is lower (relative to some reference rate).
Super-classes	ComparativeAttributeValue^c

Slowest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slowest

Description

''Slowest'' is an AttributeValue characterizing both PhysicalObjects that have the capability of moving under their own power, and of processes that can achieve some measurable degree of change in some interval of time, and of Events that go to completion in some measurable interval of time, specifying that in some specific Group in some category the thing characterized took the most time for some amount of accomplishment.

       NW has no synset for this concept.

Super-classes ComparativeAttributeValue^c

SlowingDownAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlowingDownAnAction`
Description	An Action in which a ''Person'' continues to perform some Action, but at a slower rate. This could be just a slowing due to some external factor(s) that prevent the usual rate of Action, or a deliberate slowing down, such as a work 'slowdown' in which a labor force continues to work, but at a slower rate than is usual - performed as a tactic in a labor dispute when a 'strike' is less desirable. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slowdown' in WordNet: 1. slowdown, lag, retardation - (the act of slowing down or falling behind)`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c RetardingaProcess^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value HumanActivity^c isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c

SlowingDownaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlowingDownaVehicle`
Description	An Action in which a ''Driver'' does something to cause a vehicle to decelerate - e.g. to step on the brake of an automobile, or move the speed control of an airplane or ship. `NOTE that this is a PurposefulAction that causes the intransitive event of ''DecelerationOfaVehicle''. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'slow down' in WordNet: 4. decelerate, slow down - (reduce the speed of; "He slowed down the car")`
Super-classes	AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce^c RetardingaProcess^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c causes^op value DecelerationOfaVehicle^c isaSubEventOf^op value StoppingaVehicle^c isaSubEventOf^op value ControllingATransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	BrakingaCar^c

Slowly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slowly

Description

''Slowly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the rate of action in the Event is lower than is normal or expected for an Event of that type. This type differs subtly from ''Slow'' in that it pertains to the rate of the FuntionalProcess that results in the Event, rather than to the interval of time that the Event occupied. See ''Quickly'' for more discussion of this type of adverbial modifier.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'slowly' in WordNet:
          1. (83) slowly, slow, easy, tardily - (without speed ('slow' is sometimes
              used informally for 'slowly');
             'he spoke slowly'; 'go easy here - the road is slippery'; 'glaciers move tardily'; 
             'please go slow so I can see the sights')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Slug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slug`
Description	English mass unit of slugs.
Super-classes	MassMeasure^c

Slug-TheAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slug-TheAnimal`
Description	WordNet def: Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'slug' in WordNet: 3. slug - (any of various terrestrial gastropods having an elongated slimy body and no external shell)
Super-classes	Gastropod^c

Slum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slum`
Description	Has lots of ''PoorPerson''s. creaky, decrepit, derelic Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slum' in WordNet: 1. (3) slum, slum area - (a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions)
Super-classes	CityArea^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value PoorPerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Run-Down^c

Slump^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slump

Description

A ''Slump''' is a 'DeteriorationEvent' that is a ''DecreaseEvent'' in some quantiatively measurable 'output' of an individual or GroupOfPeople.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slump' in WordNet:
        1. (2) slump, slack, drop-off, falloff, falling off - 
           (a noticeable deterioration in performance or quality;
           'the team went into a slump'; 'a gradual slack in output';
           'a drop-off in attendance'; 'a falloff in quality')

Super-classes DecreaseEvent^c
DeteriorationEvent^c

Slur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slur`
Description	Each ''Disparagement'' is a ''DisrespectfulComment'' that is the information content of the message produced by a ''DisparagingAction''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slur' in WordNet: 2. aspersion, slur - (a disparaging remark; "in the 19th century any reference to female sexuality was considered a vile aspersion"; "it is difficult for a woman to understand a man's sensitivity to any slur on his virility")`
Super-classes	Disparagement^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c
Sub-classes	Slander^c

Slurping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slurping`
Description	''Slurping'' is a 'DrinkingEvent'' performed noisily, by drawing in the liquid (or semiliquid) with an intake of breath. `NOTE: Wn has this as a type of 'eating' - but here it is a type of 'drinking'. The 'food' should be able to be poured. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slurp' in WordNet: 1. (1) slurp - (eat noisily; "He slurped his soup")`
Super-classes	DrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Noisy^c

SlurringaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SlurringaPerson`
Description	''SlurringaPerson'' is a type of 'InformationTransferPhysicalEvent'' (communicating in speech or writing) that produces a ''Slur'', an offensive commments about another person. `NOTE: the WN gloss indicates speaking, but ths include written disparaging comments. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'slur' in Wordnet: 2. slur - (speak disparagingly of; e.g., make a racial slur; 'your comments are slurring your co-workers')`
Super-classes	InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Offensive^c produces^op value Slur^c

Slurry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slurry

Description

A Slurry is a Substance that is predominantly liquid, but has a significant component of solid particle that are so large that they would reapidly settle out to the bottom of a container containing the Slurry if the mixture in the slurry were not continuously agitated. Examples are the slurry consisting of wet and unpoured concrete, and coal slurries that can be transmitted through a pipeline.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slurry' in Wordnet:
      1. slurry - (a suspension of insoluble particles (as plaster of Paris 
      or lime or clay etc.) usually in water)

Super-classes LiquidSuspension^c

Slut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Slut`
Description	A ''Slut'' is a ''Fornicator'' who is a 'Woman'' who often engages in ''SexuallyPromiscuous'' sexual intercourse. For the corresponding ''Man''use ''Libertine''. `NOTE: 'Immoral' is an ''EvaluativeAttribute'' that depends on indvidual opinion. NOTE2: some of these terms are traditional but may be considered deprecatory. Alternative term? NOTE3: 'adlteress' should be a subtype. NOTE4: 'strumpet' is a prostitute and should be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slut' in WordNet: 2. adulteress, fornicatress, hussy, jade, loose woman, slut, strumpet, trollop - (a woman adulterer)`
Super-classes	Woman^c Fornicator^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SexuallyPromiscuous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Immoral^c

Sly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sly`
Description	''Sly' is an attribute of people (and sometimes of animals) that is applied to people (and sometimes animals) that achieve certain goals in a clever, unusual, and deceptive manner. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sly' in WordNet: crafty, cunning, dodgy, foxy, guileful, knavish, slick, sly, tricksy, tricky, wily - (marked by skill in deception; 'cunning men often pass for wise'; 'deep political machinations'; 'a foxy scheme'; 'a slick evasive answer'; 'sly as a fox'; 'tricky Dick'; 'a wily old attorney')`
Super-classes	Skilled^c
Sub-classes	Subtile^c

Smacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smacking`
Description	''Smacking'' is Hitting something, usually a Person or animal, with the hand or a hand-sized hand-held flat object. This action does not use the''Fst'' therefore is disjoint with ''PunchingSomething''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smack' and part of sense 1 of 'slap' in WordNet: 1. (2) smack, thwack - (deliver a hard blow to; 'The teacher smacked the student who had misbehaved') WN verb 'slap': 1. (15) slap - (hit with something flat, like a paddle or the open hand; 'The impatient teacher slapped the student'; 'a gunshot slapped him on the forehead') WN noun 'smack': 1. slap, smack - (a blow from a flat object (as an open hand))`
Super-classes	HittingAnObject^c UsingTheHand^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	SwattingSomething^c

Small^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Small`
Description	Small is an attribute that specifies that something is small in size, or duration relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. For expressing something that is small in number or quantity other than size, use 'Little' or 'Several'. `Corresponds to part of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'small' and sense 1 of 'little' in WordNet: 1. (165) small, little - (limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; 'a little dining room'; 'a little house'; 'a small car'; 'a little (or small) group')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Cramped^c PocketSized^c Tiny^c SmallScale^c ModestInScale^c NegligiblySmall^c Smaller^c

Small-town^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Small-town

Description

''Small-town'' is the attribute pertaining to a 'small town', which is a synonym for ''Village''.

   no WN sense.
   RHW 'small-town':
    1. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a town or village: 
            a typical, small-town general store.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SmallAmount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallAmount`
Description	A ''SmallAmount'' is an ApproximateQuantity'' (of somestuff) that can be easily carried in one hand - not too big and not too small. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'small indefinite quantity' in WordNet: 1. small indefinite quantity, small indefinite amount - (an indefinite quantity that is below average size or magnitude)`
Super-classes	ApproximateQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Smidgeon^c Dab^c ACouple^c Tad^c

SmallArm-Weapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallArm-Weapon`
Description	A specialization of #$Weapon. Each element of the collection #$SmallArm-Weapon can be carried by one person. Subsets include #$HandGrenade, #$Sidearm and #$CloseQuarterCombatWeapon. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firearm' in WordNet: 1. (6) firearm, piece, small-arm - (a portable gun; 'he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster')`
Super-classes	Device-SingleUser^c SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	HandGrenade^c Sidearm^c Bazooka^c CloseQuarterCombatWeapon^c

SmallBone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallBone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ossicle' in WordNet: 1. ossicle, bonelet, ossiculum - (a small bone; especially one in the middle ear)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Sub-classes	AuditoryOssicle^c

SmallCandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallCandle`
Description	A ''SmallCandle'' is a ''Candle'' that is ''Small'', including being ''Short' (less than 12 cm long).
Super-classes	CylindricalObject^c LightingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 12.0^c
Sub-classes	VotiveCandle^c BirthdayCandle^c

SmallEarthquake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallEarthquake`
Description	A ''SmallEarthquake''' is an ''Earthquake''on Planet earth that does not cause any significant property damage or loss of life. These ''Eathquakes'' will usually have a strength greater less than 4 on the Richter scale. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tremor' in WordNet: 2. (1) tremor, earth tremor, microseism - (a small earthquake)`
Super-classes	Earthquake^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Harmless^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Weak^c

SmallForaLynx^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallForaLynx`
Description	''SmallForaLynx'' specifies that the particular Lynx or subype of Lynx is smaller than the average ''Lynx''.
Super-classes	LessThanTheAverage^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Small^c hasObjectOfComparison^op value Lynx^c hasAttributeType^op value Size^c

SmallIntestine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallIntestine

Description

CYC: The collection of all small intestines. A member of this collection is an #$AnatomicalVessel which isthe part of the #$DigestiveSystem which is the chief site of the absorption of digested nutrients. A #$SmallIntestine is the section of the #$AlimentaryCanal between the #$Stomach and the #$Colon-BodyPart.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'small intestine' in WordNet:
           1. (2) small intestine - (the longest part 
              of the alimentary canal; where digestion is completed)

Super-classes Intestine^c
AnatomicalVessel^c

SmallObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallObject`
Description	A SmallObject is a SolidObject that can be conveniently held in one hand (though it might be made even easier with a handle), and when picked up is typically picked up by one hand. A ''MarbleSizedObject'' would be about the smallest, and there is some degree of overlap between these two. Smaller hand-holdable objects should be classified as a ''PelletSizedObject'' or 'TinyObject'; a BB pellet or small seed would be about the smallest object that is actually manipulated by hand. The largest could be as large and extended as a sword or spear (3 meters maximum). NOTE that a SmallObject can be an attached part of a larger object, such as the steering wheel of an automobile. The basic semantic category represented here is of an object small enough to be manipulated by hand. This may correspond roughly with 'manipulable objects' that have been observed to be a category of basic concepts that can activate specific regions of the brain in neuropsychological experiments such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This type is not currently being used to describe small animals, but that is not precluded at this point (v0.50). If something is not represented explicitly as a ''SmallObject'' that does not precude the fact that it may be one, but is just not described as such. Objects that are smaller than the range suggest for this type such as ''HandsizedObject''s or ''MarbleSizedObjects'' are included in this type, and those types are subtypes of this one, but if an Object is known to be of a certain size range, it is best to classify it in the category best describing the specific size range that most closely describes the size. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject FingerSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.
Super-classes	PortableObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 300.0^c
Sub-classes	Scythe^c DeskPad^c Bottle^c SmallRigidSheet^c HandHeldObject^c Pan^c Peg^c Cane^c Locket^c HypodermicSyringe^c PelletSizedObject^c Bowl-Mixing^c Tray^c GoodLuckCharm^c LightEmittingComponent^c Dish^c Watch^c FingerFood^c Roll^c Skyrocket^c LumpHammer^c EyeglassLens^c Feather^c Barb^c Pin^c Needle^c Suitcase^c Key^c Briefcase^c PadOfPaper^c Stick^c Pearl^c Bowl-Eating^c ContainerStopper^c Ruler^c Pack^c WritingBoard^c FluorescentLightBulb^c TinyObject^c Hanger^c Sidearm^c Nail^c DollHouse^c Ampule^c AlarmClock^c LanternSlide^c MakeupObject^c Publication^c Backgammon-Board^c Fragment^c KitchenStrainer^c Handgun^c Hook^c Flowerpot^c HandSizedObject^c Compact^c Dispenser^c Tambourine^c Match-FireStarter^c GamePiece^c Pot^c Binoculars^c BarOfStuff^c Doll^c Microscope^c Souvenir^c Lantern^c LightEmittingDiode^c Hatchet^c SprayingDevice^c Shingle^c Token^c Spike^c Bucket^c CommemorativeObject^c Jewel^c PortableCarrier^c FreeWeight^c Pendulum^c Fuse^c Napkin^c DustPan^c LightBulbIncandescent^c SmokingDevice^c Backboard-Basketball^c DrinkingVessel^c JumpingJack^c Tomahawk^c Nugget^c TakeOutFoodObject^c TeaKettle^c Scale-AnimalBodyPart^c Spider^c NailShaft^c ChocolateBonBon^c HandGrenade^c PersonalDevice^c FoodTin^c HairDrier^c Button^c SmallArm-Weapon^c EatingVessel^c Bead^c ToiletPaperRoll^c Domino^c LaptopComputer^c Marble^c SportsGoalObject^c Staple^c CurrencyBill^c Toothpick^c Link^c DrugObject^c ShowerCurtainRing^c Particle^c Flashlight^c

SmallPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallPerson`
Description	'A ''SmallPerson'' is a ''Person'' that is ''Small'' in comparison with a Person of the same age.
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Sub-classes	Dwarf^c WispOfaPerson^c Pygmy^c

SmallReduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallReduction`
Description	A ''SmallReduction'' is a ''Reduction'' in some quantifiable thing (often in some quantity of money reqired) that is an ''Effect' of some ''Action'' of any type. This is colloquially referred to as a 'dent'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dent' in WordNet: 1. (1) dent - (an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening); 'it made a dent in my bank account')`
Super-classes	Effect^c Reduction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op some Small^c isCausedBy^op some ActionType^c

SmallRigidSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallRigidSheet`
Description	A SmallRigidSheet is a small (can be easily picked up with one hand) SolidObject that is an Artifact and is also Sheetlike and Rigid, so that holding it horizontally by one edge will not result in a perceptible droop at the far edge. This is for small disks, drink coasters, credit cards, crackers, and the like. Objects as small as small coins or tokens can be instances of this type. `NOTE that 'rigid' does not mean that the object is sturdy - something as easily broken as a ''Cracker'' is an instance of this type.`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c RigidObject^c SheetArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Card^c MetalDisk^c LanternSlide^c ComputerBoard^c Coin^c OpticalDisk^c VinylRecord^c CoasterForDrink^c

SmallScale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallScale

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'small-scale' in WordNet:
          2. minor, modest, small, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized - 
            (limited in size or scope; 'a small business'; 
            'a newspaper with a modest circulation'; 'small-scale plans'; 'a pocket-size country')

Super-classes Small^c

SmallSupportingStand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallSupportingStand`
Description	A ''SmallSupportingStand'' is a flat-topped short (less than 2 feet high) SupportingObject with short legs, used to hold objects off the floor or table not very high. Examples would be FLower pot stands or Trivets. `Corresponds to a small part of noun sense 10 of 'base' in WordNet: 10. (2) base, pedestal, stand - (a support or foundation; 'the base of the lamp')`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c SolidObject^c SupportingObject^c PortableObject^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasOrientation^op value Horizontal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c
Sub-classes	Trivet^c

Smaller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smaller`
Description	Something ''Smaller'' is small specifically in comparison to something else with respect to some 'size' or intensive attribute. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smaller' in Wordnet: 1. (37) smaller, littler - (small or little relative to something else) WN adj 'lesser': 1. (6) lesser - (of less size or importance; 'the lesser anteater'; 'the lesser of two evils') 2. (1) lesser - (smaller in size or amount or value; 'the lesser powers of Europe'; 'the lesser anteater')`
Super-classes	Small^c
Sub-classes	Miniature^c Compressed^c Minimum^c

Smallpox-Virus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smallpox-Virus`
Description	A specialization of #$Virus. Each instance of #$Smallpox-Virus is a virus of the type that causes smallpox (see the collection #$SmallpoxInfection) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smallpox virus' in WordNet: 1. variola virus, smallpox virus - (the virus that causes smallpox in humans; can be used as a bioweapon)`
Super-classes	LivingBiologicalAgent^c PathogenicVirus^c
Restrictions	causesInfectiousDisease^op value SmallpoxInfection^c

SmallpoxInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmallpoxInfection`
Description	A specialization of #$ViralInfection. Each instance of #$SmallpoxInfection is a potentially life-threatening infection, characterized by initial flu-like symptoms, including headache, chills, a fever of 106-107 degrees, aching joints, and an initial macular rash, progressing to papules and finally blisters. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smallpox' in WordNet: 1. (1) smallpox, variola, variola major - (a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars)`
Super-classes	ViralInfection^c ContagiousDisease^c LifeThreateningCondition^c
Restrictions	isCausedByPathogen^op value Smallpox-Virus^c

SmartAleck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmartAleck`
Description	A Person who is ''Disagreeable'' because of a behavioral tendency, specifically a degree of ''Conceited'' that causes the Person to make remarks that are unpleasant in suggesting indirectly that the speaker has a lesser intelligence, importance or worth than the speaker. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smart aleck' in WordNet: 1. wise guy, smart aleck, wiseacre, wisenheimer, weisenheimer - (an upstart who makes conceited, sardonic, insolent comments) WN noun 'know-it-all': 1. know-it-all, know-all - (someone who thinks he knows everything and refuses to accept advice or information from others)`
Super-classes	UnpleasantPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Conceited^c

SmartBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmartBoard`
Description	A ''SmartBoard'' is an ''ElectronicDisplayDevice'' that is shaped and sized like a 'Whiteboard' (flat and thin, Sheetlike) that has a ''TouchSensitive'' ''DisplayScreen'' on which the image can be modified by ''Touching'', usually done with the fingers or specific devices. No WN sense. Internet (http://cwolgemuth.pbworks.com/w/page/6370877/Description): " SMART Board is an interactive whiteboard developed by SMART Technologies. It is a large touch-sensitive whiteboard that uses a sensor for detecting user input (e.g. scrolling interaction) that are equivalent to normal PC input devices, such as mice or keyboards. A projector is used to display a computer's video output onto the whiteboard, which then acts as a huge touchscreen. The SMART Board usually comes with 4 digital writing utensils that use digital ink replacing the traditional whiteboard markers. The digital ink works by using an active digitizer that controls the PC input information for writing capabilities such as drawing or handwriting. "
Super-classes	ElectronicDisplayDevice^c Board^c WorkSurface^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value TouchSensitive^c enablesOrAssists^op value DisplayingInformation^c isUsedInAction^op value Presentation^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Room^c

SmartPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmartPerson`
Description	Any Person with innate high level of human intelligence. Not a 'Role'', as this trait should be with a Person throughout the lifetime. `WN 'intellectual' does not seem to cover the sense of 'high IQ' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intellectual' in WordNet: 1. (3) intellectual, intellect - (a person who uses the mind creatively)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value HighIntelligence^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intelligent^c
Sub-classes	Genius^c IntellectualPerson^c

SmartPhone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmartPhone`
Description	A ''SmartPhone'' is a hand-held electronic device that an serve as a portable telephone and also has wireless connection to the internet so that it can serve many of the functions of a personal computer. Usually has GPS location capability. Wikipedia: Smartphone Smartphones are a class of mobile phones and of multi-purpose mobile computing devices. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate wider software, internet, and multimedia functionality, alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smartphones typically include various sensors that can be leveraged by their software, such as a magnetometer, proximity sensors, barometer, gyroscope and accelerometer, and support wireless communications protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite navigation.
Super-classes	CellularTelephone^c HandHeldObject^c SingleUserComputer^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value TouchSensitiveDisplay^c
Sub-classes	iPhone^c

SmartPhoneApp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmartPhoneApp`
Description	A ''SmartPhoneApp'' is a ''ComputerApplicationProgram'' that is designed for and used mostly as one of the applications on a ''SmartPhone''.
Super-classes	ComputerApplicationProgram^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value SmartPhone^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twitter

Smearing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smearing`
Description	''Smearing'' is the Action of ''Spreading'' a liquid or semiliquid substance on the surface of an Object. The ''Smearing'' may or may not cause discoloration (See subtype ''Staining''). This can be used for speading even beneficial substances such as linament on the skin, but usually is used for spreading gels such as vaseline that require some force to make a thin layer on the surface. `NOTE that this is intentional. If something is dirtied by an Event that resembles a ''Smearing'' that will be a ''Staining'' event whether intentional or not. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'smear' in WordNet: 3. daub, smear - (cover (a surface) by smearing (a substance) over it; 'smear the wall with paint'; 'daub the ceiling with plaster')`
Super-classes	SpreadingASubstance^c PropellingaFluid^c FluidFlow-Translation^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Staining^c

Smelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smelling`
Description	Perceiving an odor through the sense of smell - not the property of being odorous. In Cyc called 'SmellPerception'. In addition to the single words used, the phrase 'get a whiff of' is equivalent in meaning. Cyc: The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which a #$PerceptualAgent #$smells something and thereby acquires information about it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'smell' in WordNet; the intentional sense of 'smell' which is a subtype of 'Smelling' in COSMO, seems to be represented by 'sniff' in WordNet NOTE that in the WordNet example given 'she loved the smell of roses', the COSMO interpretation of 'smell' would be 'Odor' WN noun 'smell': in WordNet: 1. (8) smell, odor, odour, olfactory sensation, olfactory perception - (the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form; 'she loved the smell of roses') WN verb 'smell': 1. (14) smell - (inhale the odor of; perceive by the olfactory sense)
Super-classes	Sensation^c
Sub-classes	SmellingDeliberately^c

SmellingAbility^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmellingAbility

Description

SmellingAbility is an AttributeType of animals or artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect odors, including detecting substances in liquid solution (as with sharks or chemical sensors). Instances of this type can specify a general odor-detecing ability, or can specify an ability to detect the presence of specific odors or chemicals (as with a bloodhound being able to detect the odor of particular people.). This represents the 'sense of smell'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sense of smell' in WordNet:
       1. smell, sense of smell, olfaction, olfactory modality -
             (the faculty that enables us to distinguish scents)

Super-classes SensoryAttributeType^c

SmellingDeliberately^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmellingDeliberately

Description

Intentionally bringing the nose close to some object in order to perceive its odor; approximately the same as 'sniffing' something (no clear distinction identified)

       Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'sniff' in WordNet;
         however, WordNet is not explilcit that this is an
         intentional action - the WordNet synset is interpreted
         as the intentional action. in WordNet:
         1. (5) sniff, whiff - (perceive by inhaling through the nose; 'sniff the perfume')

Super-classes Perceiving-Voluntary^c
Smelling^c

Smidgeon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smidgeon

Description

A ''Dab'' is a ''SmallAmount'' (a small ApproximateQuantity)

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smidgeon' in WordNet:
           1. shred, scintilla, whit, iota, tittle, smidgen, smidgeon, smidgin, smidge -
              (a tiny or scarcely detectable amount)

Super-classes SmallAmount^c

Smile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smile`
Description	'Smile' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', a pattern on a person's face pleasure or amusement. `This corresponds approximately to part (the expression, not noun sense 1 of 'smile' in WordNet: 1. (29) smile, smiling, grin, grinning - (a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement)`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Pleasure^c

Smiling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smiling`
Description	Only primates smile. Requires lips. Also may involve the whole face as well as mouth. Should that be inferrable from the fact use of lips involves the face? `NOTE: WordNet a 'smirk' is a subtype of 'smile' but does convey happiness, so ''Smirking'' is reordered as a direct subtype of ''MakingFacialExpression'', as is ''Smiling''.. SUMO: Spreading the lips in such a way as to convey happiness. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smile' in WordNet: 1. (79) smile - - (change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure)`
Super-classes	MakingFacialExpression^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Smile^c hasBodypartMoved^op value Lip^c expressesMentalState^op value Pleasure^c

Smirk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smirk`
Description	'Smirk' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', in which the lips are curved, expressing 'scorn' (syn. of ''Contempt''). `NOTE: 'sneer; also expresses Contempt, but that expression does not come close to a smile, as the lips do not curve up. NOTE: In WordNet this is a subtype of 'smile' but in COSMO a 'Smile'' expresses Pleasure, so this is a direct subtype of ''FacialExpression''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smirk' in WordNet: 1. smirk - (a smile expressing smugness or scorn instead of pleasure)`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Contempt^c

Smirking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smirking`
Description	''Smirking'' is a ''MakingFacialExpression'' that urls the Lips in an expression of 'scorn' or 'derision' (''Contempt''). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smirk' in WordNet: 1. (1) smirk, simper - (smile affectedly or derisively)`
Super-classes	MakingFacialExpression^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Lip^c causedCreationOf^op value Smirk^c

Smith^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smith`
Description	A Person who produces objects made of metal, with at least some manual effort in shaping the object (not just running a machine). Sometimes used as a synonym for the subtype ''Blacksmith''. `Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'smith' in WordNet: 10. smith, metalworker - (someone who works metal (especially by hammering it when it is hot and malleable))`
Super-classes	SkilledWorker^c Maker^c
Sub-classes	Blacksmith^c

Smiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smiting`
Description	''Smiting'' is a ''HittingAnObject'' (usually a Person) hard, often sufficient to disable or defeat him. Mostly used in archaic texts. 'they said unto him, Lord, shall we smite with the sword?' Luke 22:49 `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smite' in Wordnet: 1. (2) smite - (inflict a heavy blow on, with the hand, a tool, or a weapon)`
Super-classes	HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c

Smog^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smog

Description

CYC: A mixture of smoke and fog that occurs in the atmosphere as a result of industrial society pollution processes.

        This is a substance.  The state of being 'smoggy' is represented by 
          'Smogginess''.

        Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'smog' (the substance) in WordNet:
          1. smog, smogginess - (air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog)

Super-classes Aerosol^c
Mixture^c

Smogginess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smogginess`
Description	A state caused by the present of ''Smog'' in the atmosphere. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'smog' (the state) in WordNet: 1. smog, smogginess - (air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog)`
Super-classes	AirPollution^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Smoggy^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op some Smog^c

Smoggy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoggy`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smoggy' in Wordnet: 1. smoggy - (clouded with a mixture of smoke and fog; 'the smoggy atmosphere of Los Angeles')`
Super-classes	Foggy^c Polluted^c

Smoke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoke`
Description	''Smoke'' is a Substance consisting of fine particles of solid suspended in air. It is usually produced by a fire, but can be artificially generated (e.g. by smoke bombs). The smoke from a fire should be a subtype. Cyc:Particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere, resulting from oxidation (combustion). SUMO: A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that is produced by Combustion. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'smoke' in WordNet, but in COSMO this is interpreted as a Substance: in WordNet: 1. (68) smoke, fume - (a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas) 2. (4) smoke, smoking - (a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion; 'the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles')
Super-classes	SuspendedMatter^c Aerosol^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Particle^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c hasComponentSubstance^op value ParticulateMatter^c

SmokeAlarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmokeAlarm`
Description	CYC: A collection of objects; a subset of #$AlarmDevice. Every instance of #$SmokeAlarm automatically emits an #$AlarmSignal when it detects instances of #$Smoke.
Super-classes	SensorDevice^c ChemoReceptiveSensor^c DefenseSystem^c FireAlarm^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	detects^op value Smoke^c

SmokeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmokeObject`
Description	''SmokeObject'' is a particular quantity of smoky material, a PhysicalObject, not a Substance. `Cyc:Particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere, resulting from oxidation (combustion). SUMO: A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that is produced by Combustion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smoke' in WordNet: 1. (68) smoke, fume - - (a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas)`
Super-classes	OpaqueObject^c CloudlikeObject^c GaseousObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Particle^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Smoke^c

Smoked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoked

Description

''Smoked'' is the attribute of a FoodType or FoodObject that has been exposed to ''Smoke'' in a curing process. See ''Bacon'' for an example.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smoked' in Wordnet:
          1. smoked, smoke-cured, smoke-dried - ((used especially of meats and fish) 
             dried and cured by hanging in wood smoke)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Smoker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoker`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smoker' in WordNet: 1. smoker, tobacco user - (a person who smokes tobacco)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Smoking^c uses^op value SmokingDevice^c

Smokestack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smokestack`
Description	The structure through which smoke flows from the a furnace to the outside. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smokestack' in WordNet: 1. (1) smokestack, stack - (a large tall chimney through which combustion gases and smoke can be evacuated)`
Super-classes	Chimney^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tall^c hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 1000.0^c

Smoking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoking`
Description	To inhale and exhale the fumes of burning plant material, especially tobacco or Marijuana . `SUMO: Inhaling and exhaling Smoke produced by a CigarOrCigarette. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smoke' in Wordnet: 1. (12) smoke - (inhale and exhale smoke from cigarettes, cigars, pipes; We never smoked marijuana'; 'Do you smoke?')`
Super-classes	Event^c RecreationalActivity^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value SmokingDevice^c
Sub-classes	SmokingMarijuana^c

SmokingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmokingDevice`
Description	a device which is used to allow some kind of plant leaf, usually tobacco, to be burnt for smoking. `SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is Smoking.`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Device-UserPowered^c
Sub-classes	Cigarette^c Bong-Pipe^c Hookah^c Cigar^c SmokingPipe^c

SmokingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmokingFood`
Description	RHW: 'smoke': 22. to cure (meat, fish, etc.) by exposure to smoke. `COSMO note: perhaps a parent of 'CuringFood' could be added between 'PreservingDood' and this type??? @ToDo: Parent 'curing'? RWH 'cure': 11. to prepare (meat, fish, etc.) for preservation by salting, drying, etc.`
Super-classes	PreservingFood^c ExposureToSubstance^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPreserved^op some (FoodObject^c or FoodType^c) hasParticipant^op value Smoke^c

SmokingMarijuana^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmokingMarijuana`
Description	To inhale and exhale the fumes of burning marijuana.
Super-classes	Smoking^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value Marijuana^c
Sub-classes	HabituallySmokingMarijuana^c

SmokingPipe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmokingPipe

Description

SUMO: A SmokingDevice consisting of a tube and a small bowl. Cyc: ('Pipe-SmokingDevice') A smoking pipe: a rigid, reusable device for containing the substance burned during smoking.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pipe' in WordNet:
          1. (6) pipe, tobacco pipe - (a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco)

Super-classes SmokingDevice^c

Smoky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoky

Description

A region is ''Smoky'' if it has enough ''Smoke'' to be perceptible, or an Object is ''Smoky'' if it is emitting ''Smoke''..

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smoky' in WordNet:
         1. smoky - (marked by or emitting or filled with smoke;
         'smoky rafters'; 'smoky chimneys'; 'a smoky fireplace'; 'a smoky corridor')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Smooch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smooch`
Description	A ''Smooch''is the act of one ''KissingOnTheLips'' in which at least one of the two participants is enthusiastic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smooch' in WordNet: 1. smack, smooch - (an enthusiastic kiss)`
Super-classes	KissingOnTheLips^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c

Smooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smooth`
Description	Smooth, having no roughness perceptible to the finger. This is not the same as 'Flat', since round objects can be Smooth. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smooth' in WordNet: 1. (11) smooth - (having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities; 'smooth skin'; 'a smooth tabletop'; 'smooth fabric'; 'a smooth road'; 'water as smooth as a mirror')`
Super-classes	Even^c SurfaceAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Silky^c Polished^c Smoother^c

SmoothObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SmoothObject`
Description	A SolidObject object that is Smooth on at least part of one surface.
Super-classes	MacroscopicObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Smooth^c

Smoothening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoothening`
Description	''Smoothening'' is any action that makes the surface of an object smoother, i.e. flatter or less rough. `This can be done by e.g. sanding of an object or by ''Ironing'' a fabric, or by running a relatively straight object (e.g. the hand) over a rough or wrinkled surface. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smooth' in WordNet: 1. (7) smooth, smoothen - (make smooth or smoother, as if by rubbing; 'smooth the surface of the wood')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Smooth^c
Sub-classes	PressingSomethingFlat^c SandingSomething^c

Smoother^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoother

Description

''Smoother'' is An AttributeValue of SolidObject(s) having the attribute ''Smooth' at a higher degree than that of some comparison object.

      Adjective word entry ''ENG_smoother'

Super-classes ComparativeAttributeValue^c
Smooth^c

Smoothly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smoothly

Description

''Smoothly"'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the Action was performed in a 'smooth' manner, which can be of several meanings - smooth movement, smooth speech,

      Includes adverbial senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'smoothly' in WordNet:
         1. (3) smoothly - (with no problems or difficulties; 
             'put the plans into effect quickly and smoothly')
     2. (1) swimmingly, smoothly - (with great ease and success; 
        'in spite of some mishaps, everything went swimmingly')
     3. smoothly - (in a smooth and diplomatic manner;
        ''And now,' he said smoothly, 'we will continue the conversation'')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Smorgasbord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smorgasbord`
Description	A 'Smorgasbord'' is a ''Buffet'' having at least three different types of ''FoodObject''. This is more general than the original Scandinavian 'smorgasbord', including Buffet meals that do not necessarily have any of the components listed in the WN gloss. RHW 'smorgasbord': 1. a buffet meal of various hot and cold hors d'oeuvres, salads, casserole dishes, meats, cheeses, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'smorgasbord' in WordNet: 2. smorgasbord - (an assortment of foods starting with herring or smoked eel or salmon etc with bread and butter; then cheeses and eggs and pickled vegetables and aspics; finally hot foods; served as a buffet meal)`
Super-classes	BuffetMeal^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 4

Smothering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smothering`
Description	''Smothering'' is ''Killing'' a living thing by intentionally depriving it of Oxygen, for example by covering its head or nostrils to prevent breathing until it dies of asphyxiation, or by putting it in a place without Oxygen or where the Oxygen will run out before the animal can escape. @ToDo: NOTE rev1261: that a Person can 'suffocate' from low levels of oxygen in the environment, (perhaps in a small closet?) so the parent ''Suffocation' should be used for non-intentional suffocating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smother' in WordNet: 2. (1) smother, asphyxiate, suffocate - (deprive of oxygen and prevent from breathing; 'Othello smothered Desdemona with a pillow'; 'The child suffocated herself with a plastic bag that the parents had left on the floor') WN noun 'suffocation': 1. (1) suffocation, asphyxiation - (killing by depriving of oxygen)
Super-classes	Suffocation^c KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c Killing^c DeathByKilling^c Depriving^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value Breathing^c alwaysCauses^op value Asphyxiation^c

Smudge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smudge`
Description	A ''Smudge'' is a visible ''Blemish'' on a surface that is the remainder of the surface beinng touched by something with dirt or grime on it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'smudge' in Wordnet: 2. smudge, spot, blot, daub, smear, smirch, slur - (a blemish made by dirt; 'he had a smudge on his cheek')`
Super-classes	TraceMark^c Blemish^c
Sub-classes	FingerprintTrace^c

Smug^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smug

Description

''Smug'' is an intense degree of ''SelfConfident'' that causes

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smug' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) smug, self-satisfied - (marked by excessive complacency or self-satisfaction; 
              'a smug glow of self-congratulation')

Super-classes Complacent^c

Smuggler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smuggler`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smuggler' in WordNet: 1. (2) smuggler, runner, contrabandist, moon curser, moon-curser - (someone who imports or exports without paying duties)`
Super-classes	Criminal^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Smuggling^c uses^op value TransportationDevice^c

Smuggling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smuggling

Description

A specialization of both #$ConveyingMaterials and #$CriminalAct. Each instance of #$Smuggling is an event in which goods are transported across a border in violation of some set of laws or conventions.

        In Cyc this was a subtype of 'ConveyingMaterials', but
        since smuggling can plausibly be assumed to require a 
        TransportationDevice at some point, we make this Type
        a subtype of 'TransportationEvent'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smuggle' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) smuggle - (import or export without paying customs duties;
           'She smuggled cigarettes across the border')

Super-classes TransportationEvent^c
ConveyingMaterials^c
Crime^c

Smugness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smugness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smugness' in WordNet: 1. smugness - (an excessive feeling of self-satisfaction)`
Super-classes	FeelingOfConfidence^c SelfConfidence^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value SelfConfidence^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Smug^c

Smutty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Smutty

Description

Characterizes language or use of language Language with impolite reference to sexual activity or excretion.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smutty' in Wordnet:
         1. filthy, foul, nasty, smutty - (characterized by obscenity; 
            "had a filthy mouth"; "foul language"; "smutty jokes")

Super-classes Obscene^c

Snack^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snack

Description

Random meal where small amounts of food, usually junk food, is eaten.

        @ToDo: how to say the quantity is less than at a regular ''Meal''??

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snack' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) bite, collation, snack - (a light informal meal)

Super-classes Food-ReadyToEat^c
Role^c

SnackFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnackFood`
Description	A single piece or some specific quantity of a Food that is typically eaten as a ''Snack''.
Super-classes	SolidFoodArtifact^c DessertFood^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value DessertSubstance^c isEatenInEvent^op value Snack^c
Sub-classes	Peanuts^c Chip-Snack^c Pretzel^c

Snacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snacking`
Description	The Action of a Person eating a ''Snack'', a random meal where small amounts of food, often 'junk food', is eaten. @mod49 @ToDo: how to say the quantity is less than at a regular ''Meal''?? `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snack' in WordNet: 1. nosh, snack - (eat a snack; eat lightly; 'She never loses weight because she snacks between meals')`
Super-classes	EatingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hadConsumedObject^op value Snack^c

Snail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snail`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snail' in WordNet: 1. (3) snail - (freshwater or marine or terrestrial gastropod mollusk usually having an external enclosing spiral shell)`
Super-classes	Gastropod^c

Snake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snake`
Description	CYC: The collection of all snakes; a subset of #$Reptile. Each element of #$Snake is a limbless, scaly, vermiform reptile with a long, narrow, tapering, mostly smooth body. Snakes in many species have poisonous and sometimes fatal bites. Snakes live on land, in trees, in fresh water, and in the sea (sea snakes). #$Snake constitutes a biological suborder (also called Serpentes or Ophidia). `SUMO: A long and narrow Reptile which lacks Limbs. One distinctive characteristic of snakes is that they locomote on their belly. @ToDo: how to express that? ('crawls on her belly like a reptile') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snake' in WordNet: 1. (20) snake, serpent, ophidian - (limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c CordlikeObject^c Reptile^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c canEmitSound^op value Hiss^c lacks^op value Limb-AnimalBodyPart^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Scaly^c
Sub-classes	VenomousSnake^c Constrictor^c WaterSnake^c

SnakeDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnakeDevice`
Description	'SnakeDevice' is a Device (often a tool) that has the shape of a 'Snake', i.e. long and thin and flexible. This includes the type of 'snake' (a flexible tight coil of metal, attachable or attached to a crank to turn it) that plumbers use to clean out pipes. Note that property 'Flexible' is inherited from 'CordLikeObject'. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 5 of 'snake' in WordNet: 5. snake - (something long, thin, and flexible that resembles a snake)`
Super-classes	CordlikeObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Snake^c

SnakeEyes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnakeEyes`
Description	''SnakeEyes'' is a ''DiceThrowScore'' of two, with one dot on the top surface of each of the two dice after they are thrown. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snake eyes' in WordNet: 1. craps, snake eyes - (when two dice are thrown and both come up showing one spot the results is called 'craps' or 'snake eyes')`
Super-classes	DiceThrowScore^c
Restrictions	hasRepresentation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2^c

SnakeFang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnakeFang`
Description	A ''SnakeFang'' is a long hollow ''Tooth'' on a ''Snake''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fang' in WordNet: 3. fang - (hollow or grooved tooth of a venomous snake; used to inject its poison)`
Super-classes	Tooth^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value InjectingVenom^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hollow^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value VenomousSnake^c

Snap^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snap

Description

A sound consisting of one short sharp sound characteristic of a RigidObject suddenly breaking into two pieces. Common example is the snapping of a dry twig.

       Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'snap' and sense 4 of 'crack' in WordNet:
         6. crack, cracking, snap - (a sudden sharp noise;
         'the crack of a whip'; 'he heard the cracking of the ice'; 'he can hear the snap of a twig')

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

SnapperFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnapperFish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'snapper' in WordNet: 5. snapper - (any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters)`
Super-classes	MarineOrganism^c NonHumanAnimal^c Fish^c
Sub-classes	AustralianSnapperFish^c

Snapping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snapping`
Description	'Snapping' is a subtype of 'SeparationEvent' that is not performed by a 'Device'. This type is used for transitive and intransitive senses of 'snap'. An instance of ''Snapping'' causes a break in some Solid object (with an accompanying 'snap' noise) that causes it to separate (at least partly) into *two pieces. This the parent ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' is constrained here by limiting the number of pieces that can be produced. Note that the 'separation' need not be complete, but it ust produce two distinct solid objects. For example, if a branch on a tree snaps it may still hang by some connecting part (as a piece of bark or fibers of wood) but the pieces will still be recognizable as separate objects. In order to get a 'snap' sound, the object snapped must be a ''RigidObject'' `Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'snap' in WordNet: 2. (3) tear, rupture, snap, bust - (separate or cause to separate abruptly; 'The rope snapped'; 'tear the paper') 3. (3) snap, crack - (break suddenly and abruptly, as under tension; 'The rope snapped')`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c BreakingSomethingIntoPieces^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Snap^c hadThingAffected^op some RigidObject^c

SnappingTurtle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnappingTurtle`
Description	Generic ''SnappingTurtle'' has at least two species. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snapping turtle' in WordNet: 1. snapping turtle - (large aggressive freshwater turtle with powerful jaws)`
Super-classes	Turtle^c
Sub-classes	CommonSnappingTurtle^c

SnareDrum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnareDrum

Description

RHW: a small double-headed drum, carried at the side or placed on a stationary stand, having snares across the lower head to produce a rattling or reverberating effect. Also called side drum.

       A 'snare' here is (RHW) 'one of the strings of gut or of tightly spiraled metal
          stretched across the skin of a snare drum.'

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snare drum' in WordNet:
         1. snare drum, snare, side drum - (a small drum with two heads 
           and a snare stretched across the lower head)

Super-classes DrumInstrument^c

Snatching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snatching`
Description	''Snatching'' is a ''Grabbing'' done suddenly and quickly, often with the intention of getting something before another agent gets it. This can be done by humans or other animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snatch' in WordNet: 1. (13) snatch, snatch up, snap - (to grasp hastily or eagerly; 'Before I could stop him the dog snatched the ham bone')`
Super-classes	Grabbing^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Quickly^c

Snazzy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snazzy`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'snazzy' in Wordnet: 1. snazzy - (flashily stylish; 'a snazzy outfit')`
Super-classes	Stylish^c

Sneaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sneaker`
Description	'Loafer' is a trademark, but is used generically for this kind of shoe. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sneaker' in WordNet: 1. (2) gym shoe, sneaker, tennis shoe - (a canvas shoe with a pliable rubber sole)`
Super-classes	Shoe^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value RubberSole^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Casual^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Rubber^c isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Foot^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Canvas^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Comfortable^c

Sneaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sneaking`
Description	'''Sneaking'' is a manner of ''Walking'' that is performed ''Surreptitiously'', to avoid being detected or observed or heard by some other Person(s). Often it is performed carefully to avoid making audible footsteps. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sneak' in WordNet: 1. (2) sneak, mouse, creep, pussyfoot - (to go stealthily or furtively; ,..stead of sneaking around spying on the neighbor's house')`
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Surreptitiously^c

Sneer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sneer`
Description	'Sneer' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', in which the lips are curled upward. This expresses ''Contempt'' `NOTE: 'smirk' also expresses Contempt, but that expression differs from this, as here the lip curves down, and other parts of the Face also move.DIfficult to describe. But a 'leer' does not fit this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sneer' in WordNet: 1. (2) sneer, leer - (a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls)`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Contempt^c

Sneering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sneering`
Description	'Sneering' is an Action that moves the Face so as to produce a ''Sneer'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sneer' in WordNet: 2. (1) sneer - (smile contemptuously; 'she sneered at her little sister's efforts to play the song on the piano')`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c MakingFacialExpression^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Lip^c expressesMentalState^op value Contempt^c causedCreationOf^op value Sneer^c

Sneezing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sneezing

Description

This is the collection of acts of making a violent spasmodic expiration of breath from the mouth or nose.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sneeze' in Wordnet:
         1. sneeze - (exhale spasmodically, as when an irritant entered one's nose;
         'Pepper makes me sneeze')

Super-classes MedicalSymptom^c
EmittingStuff^c
InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Exhaling^c

Snickering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snickering`
Description	''Snickering'' is a ''Quiet'' ''Laughing'' that may express disrespect or may express only a mild amusement, including amusement by another Person's making a mistake. This may produce an almost inaudible but may cause a soft 'heh. heh,heh' sound. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snicker' in WordNet: 1. (2) snicker, snigger - (laugh quietly) WN noun 'snicker': 1. snicker, snort, snigger - (a disrespectful laugh)`
Super-classes	Laughing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quiet^c

Sniffling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sniffling`
Description	The typically voluntary ''Inhaling'' performed because of some congestive fluid in the nose, to get it into the mouth and swallow it or spit it out. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sniffle' in WordNet: 2. sniff, sniffle - (inhale audibly through the nose; 'the sick student was sniffling in the back row') WN verb 'snuffle': 2. snuffle, snivel - (snuff up mucus through the nose) WN noun 'sniffle': 1. snuffle, sniffle, snivel - (the act of breathing heavily through the nose (as when the nose is congested))`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Inhaling^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op value NasalCongestion^c

Sniper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sniper`
Description	`NOTE: the WN sysnset is a subtype of 'marksman' but this sense of ''Sniper'' is for ayone who shoots at a Person from a concealed location (a ''HidingPlace''). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'sniper' in WordNet: 1. (2) sniper - (a marksman who shoots at people from a concealed place)`
Super-classes	Shooter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Sniping^c

Sniping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sniping`
Description	''Sniping'' is a ''ShootingaPerson'' with a Rifle from a concealed position and usually from a distance. NOTE: the restriction ''occursAt'' refers to the action of doing he shooting, though the effect of the action typically occurs at a distance from the ''HidingPlace''. NOTE: the WN entry seems to be more general, for any kind of sharpshooting. This type is for shooting at People, typically with the intention of killing or disabling them. This can be done by anyone who knows how to aim a Rifle, not necessarily a ''Marksman''. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'snipe' in WordNet: 2. sharpshoot, snipe - (aim and shoot with great precision)
Super-classes	ShootingaPerson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Sniper^c occursAt^op value HidingPlace^c usesDeviceType^op value Rifle^c

Snips^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snips`
Description	`snips`
Super-classes	Shears^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Snitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snitch`
Description	'tattletale'? ant difference from 'squealer'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snitch' in WordNet: 1. fink, snitch, snitcher, stoolpigeon, stool pigeon, stoolie, sneak, sneaker, canary - (someone acting as an informer or decoy for the police) WN area any of these terms specifically for informing for money? WN noun 'squealer': 1. informer, betrayer, rat, squealer, blabber - (one who reveals confidential information in return for money)
Super-classes	Informant^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Snitching^c hasTopic^op value UndesirableBehavior^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Snitching^c
Sub-classes	Blabbermouth^c

Snitching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snitching`
Description	''Snitching'' is often used for betraying confidential information, where the ''Snitch'' informs another Person of some Action committed by a third person (often illegal or otherwise forbidden by a Rule) that the third person wants to keep confidential. But the ''Snitch'' who does it is not necessarily under any obligation of confidentiality. This synset can probably be differentiated. NOTE: 'shop' is chiefly British usage. 'shit' is not in RHW in this sense, omitted. 'rat' 'snitch' 'inform' and 'squeal' are usually followed by 'on' or 'out' in common usage. NOTE: this type is informally referred to a 'squealing on someone' but that sense is mixed in with 'confessing'.in WordNet. Closer in meaning is the RHW entry: RHW verb 'rat': b. to turn informer; squeal: He ratted on the gang, and the police arrested them. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'snitch' in WordNet: 2. denounce, tell on, betray, give away, rat, grass, shit, shop, snitch, stag - (give away information about somebody; 'He told on his classmate who had cheated on the exam') WN verb 'inform': 3. (1) inform - (act as an informer; 'She had informed on her own parents for years') WN includes part of verb 'squeal' (but not for confessing) in WN: 2. confess, squeal, shrive, fink - (confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure)
Super-classes	Informing^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some (SecretInformation^c or InformationType^c) isPerformedBy^op value Snitch^c
Sub-classes	SpillingTheBeans^c

Snob^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snob`
Description	A ''Snob'' is a Person who tends to consider most others as inferior, and avoids associating with them. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'snob' in Wordnet: 1. snob, prig, snot, snoot - (a person regarded as arrogant and annoying)`
Super-classes	DisagreeablePerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Snobbish^c

Snobbish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snobbish

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'snobbish' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) clannish, cliquish, clubby, snobbish, snobby -
            (befitting or characteristic of those who incline to social exclusiveness 
            and who rebuff the advances of people considered inferior)

Super-classes Arrogant^c

Snooping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snooping`
Description	''Snooping'' is an informal ''Monitoring'' by a private individual or a ''PrivateInvestigator'', typically not on behalf of any governmental authority. It can be done solely to satisfy personal curiosity, or (by a ''PrivateInvestigator'') as a paid service, for any of various purposes. `''Eavesdropping''may be part of this Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snoop' in WordNet: 1. (1) spy, stag, snoop, sleuth - (watch, observe, or inquire secretly)`
Super-classes	Monitoring^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Surreptitious^c

Snore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snore`
Description	A ''Noise'' that is a Vocalizing, consisting of a quickly repeated series of short sounds of relatively low pitch, made by a person (or other animal??) while sleeping. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snore' in WordNet: 1. snore - (the rattling noise produced when snoring)`
Super-classes	Noise^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Snoring^c

Snoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snoring`
Description	''Snoring'' is usually done by Humans when the term is used, but can be performed by other mammals. `CYC: The action of making a snoring noise while sleeping. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snore' in WordNet: 1. (4) snore, saw wood, saw logs - (breathe noisily during one's sleep; 'she complained that her husband snores')`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Animal^c or GroupOfAnimals^c) alwaysCauses^op value Snore^c

Snorkel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snorkel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snorkel' in WordNet: 1. snorkel - (breathing device consisting of a bent tube fitting into a swimmer's mouth and extending above the surface; allows swimmer to breathe while face down in the water)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c SomethingToWear^c SportsEquipment^c Pipe^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value Air^c isDesignedToContain^op value Air^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Breathing^c

Snorkeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snorkeling`
Description	''Snorkeling'' is a ''SwimmingForPleasure'' using a ''Snorkel'' so that the swimmer can look under the water, such as when viewing coral reefs while swimming on the surface of the water. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snorkel' in WordNet: 1. snorkel - (dive with a snorkel)`
Super-classes	SwimmingForPleasure^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Snorkel^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c

Snorting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snorting`
Description	''Snorting'' is a ''MakingAnOralSound'' by ''Exhaling'' rapidly, giving off a short low-pitched sound indicating contemptuous disbelief, or some related Feeling.. `This is not for the 'snorting' of ''NonHumanAnimal''s Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'snort' in WordNet: 1. (3) snort - (indicate contempt by breathing noisily and forcefully through the nose; 'she snorted her disapproval of the proposed bridegroom') 2. (3) snort - (make a snorting sound by exhaling hard; 'The critic snorted contemptuously')`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c Responding^c Exhaling^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c expressesMentalState^op value Contempt^c

Snot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snot`
Description	A ''Snot' is quantity of ''NasalMucus'' that has exited the ''Nostril''. This can be the liquid or solid form. `The WN sense is ambiguous as to whether that can be oudside the body - but as an Object, this cannot be a subtye of COSMO ''NasalMucus'' and it will be interpreted as included in the WN sense, in which case the WN sense will be taken as ambiguous. This is one of the senses. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'snot' in WordNet: 2. snot - (nasal mucus)`
Super-classes	OrganicObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value NasalMucus^c isOutsideOf^op value Animal^c isOutsideOf^op value Nostril^c wasEmittedByEvent^op value BlowingTheNose^c

Snow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snow

Description

'Snow' is substance, a form of ice (water) that is composed of many fine crystals that have precipitated from the sky. This includes the snow still falling as well as snow that is on the ground (these should be distinguished, as in WordNet).

  Called 'SnowMob' in Cyc
  Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingObjectType.  #$SnowMob is
        a #$rewriteOf (#$MobFn #$Snowflake).

   NOTE: the 'snowfall' is interpreted as the Event ''SnowEvent''.
   Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'snow' in WordNet:
     1. (13) snow, snowfall - - (precipitation falling from clouds in the form
         of ice crystals)
     2. (11) snow - - (a layer of snowflakes (white crystals of frozen water) 
         covering the ground)

Super-classes NaturalTangibleStuff^c
GranularSubstance^c
Powder^c
Ice^c

SnowBlower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnowBlower`
Description	A ''Blower'' that scoops up a ''PileOfSnow'' and propels it away from the surface on which it fell or accumulated. `No WN sense. RHW 'snowblower': a motor-driven machine on wheels used to remove snow by throwing it into the air and to one side.`
Super-classes	Blower^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	propels^op some Snow^c hasComponentPart^op min 2 isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value RemovingSnow^c hasComponentPart^op value Motor^c

SnowBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnowBoard`
Description	CYC: The collection of all snowboards. These are planks a few to 5 or so feet long, about a foot wide, with bindings used to attach the board to the feet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowboard' in WordNet: 1. snowboard - (a board that resembles a broad ski or a small surfboard; used in a standing position to slide down snow-covered slopes)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c LandTransportationDevice^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c SnowSurfaceTransporter^c SportsEquipment^c Board^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInMeters^dp value 0.5^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Snowboarding^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 200.0^c

SnowEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnowEvent`
Description	Any snowstorm large or small. For larger snowstorms, use 'Snowstorm'. A SnowEvent is usally a salient thing when it happens, as it affects movement of people. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snow' in WordNet: 1. (10) snow - (fall as snow; 'It was snowing all night') WN 'snowfall' (inerpreted as an Event): 1. (1) snow, snowfall - (precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals)`
Super-classes	WaterPrecipitationProcess^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c produces^op value Snow^c
Sub-classes	Snowstorm^c

SnowLeopard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnowLeopard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snow leopard' in WordNet: 1. snow leopard, ounce, Panthera uncia - (large feline of upland central Asia having long thick whitish fur)`
Super-classes	BigCat^c

SnowShoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnowShoe`
Description	Looks like a tennis racquet, and helps walk on snow. `CYC:The collection of snow shoes. Snow shoes aren't really shoes but rather devices with a lattice of material designed to keep one from sinking into deep snow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowshoe' in WordNet: 1. snowshoe - (a device to help you walk on deep snow; a lightweight frame shaped like a racquet is strengthened with cross pieces and contains a network of thongs; one is worn on each foot)`
Super-classes	Shoe^c Device^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WalkingOnSnow^c resembles^op value Racquet^c

SnowShovel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnowShovel`
Description	A type of 'Shovel'' with a large wide curved blade designed for manual removing ('shoveling') of ''Snow'', especially near buildings. `@ToDo: Need to add 'shoveling snow' to be more specific.`
Super-classes	Shovel^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op value Walking^c hasDesignFunction^op value RemovingSnow^c isLargerThan^op value Automobile^c

SnowShovelBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnowShovelBlade`
Description	An ''SnowShovelBlade'' is the broad flat rectangular ''Workinghead'' end of a ''SnowShovel'' that holds the snow that is removed in one iteration of a shoveling snow Event (st of ''RemovingSnow''). `@ToDo: represent 'shoveling snow' explicitly for detail? Closest WN sense is the more general: Is a subtype of noun sense 9 of 'blade' in WordNet, but it doesn't rotate: in WordNet: 8. blade, vane - (flat surface that rotates and pushes against air or water)`
Super-classes	ToolBlade^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Rectangular^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SnowShovel^c

SnowSurfaceTransporter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnowSurfaceTransporter`
Description	A ''SnowSurfaceTransporter'' is any non-self-powered Device used for travelling over snow or ice by gliding over the surface, supported by some flat-bottomed part: sled, sleigh, toboggan, ski, ice skate. `Not all of these have ''Runner''s but some do.`
Super-classes	LandTransportationDevice^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value SlidingOverSnowOrIce^c hasPhysicalPart^op value FlatBottomedObject^c
Sub-classes	Sled^c Toboggan^c SnowBoard^c Ski^c DogSled^c

Snowball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowball`
Description	A ''Snowball'' is a ''Plaything'' consisting of ''Snow'' compacted (usually by hand) into a ''Ball''. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'snowball' in WordNet: 4. snowball - (snow pressed into a ball for throwing (playfully))`
Super-classes	Plaything^c HandSizedObject^c SphericalObject^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Child^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Snow^c isUsedInAction^op value ThrowingSnowballs^c

Snowboarding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowboarding`
Description	CYC: The collection of all snowboarding events. This involves one person, standing on a #$Snowboard, sliding down a snow-covered slope. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snowboard' in WordNet: 1. snowboard - (glide down a snow-covered slope while standing on a board; 'The children love to snowboard in winter')`
Super-classes	AthleticActivity^c MotionDownhill^c SlidingOverSnowOrIce^c RecreationalActivity^c OutdoorActivity^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value SnowBoard^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value Snow^c

Snowdrift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowdrift`
Description	A 'Snowdrift' is a Pile of fallen Snow that has been moved by the wind from a flat accumulation into a section higher than the surrounding snow, usually at least a foot high. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowdrift' in WordNet: 1. snowdrift - (a mass of snow heaped up by the wind)`
Super-classes	PileOfSnow^c Drift^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Snow^c

Snowflake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowflake`
Description	Each 'Snowflake' is a single crystal of ice (water) that has precipitated from the sky; it usually is a flat plate with hexagonal symmetry. `Cyc: A specialization of #$PrecipitationParticle. Each instance of #$Snowflake is a frozen water crystal emitted by a cloud during an instances of #$SnowProcess (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowflake' in WordNet: 1. snowflake, flake - (a crystal of snow)`
Super-classes	FlatObject^c PrecipitationParticle^c CrystallineObject^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value SnowEvent^c

Snowman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowman`
Description	A crude ''Statue'' made of two or three large balls of ''Snow'' stacked vertically, usually with some decoration, especially to indicate features of the face, as with pieces of coal to represent the eyes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowman' in WordNet: 1. snowman - (a figure of a person made of packed snow)`
Super-classes	Statue^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Person^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Snow^c

Snowmobile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowmobile`
Description	Motorized device for conveying one or two people across snow `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowmobile' in WordNet: 1. snowmobile - (tracked vehicle for travel on snow having skis in front)`
Super-classes	OverSnowVehicle^c SelfPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Runner^c

Snowplow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowplow`
Description	Motorized vehicle with a curved plowing blade in front, pushed snow off a surface to allow vehicle passage.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowplow' in WordNet: 1. snowplow, snowplough - (a vehicle used to push snow from roads)`
Super-classes	WheeledTransportationDevice^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c RoadVehicle^c
Restrictions	allowsOrAssists^op value DrivingaRoadVehicle^c hasDesignFunction^op value RemovingSnow^c isLargerThan^op value Automobile^c

Snowstorm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowstorm`
Description	A SnowEvent that is more than just a dusting, more than one-half inch accumulation. Less would be a snow shower. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowstorm' in WordNet; this includes but is not the same as the technical sense of 'blizzard' that requires winds of a certain velocity. in WordNet: 1. blizzard, snowstorm - - (a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds)`
Super-classes	StormAsEvent^c SnowEvent^c
Sub-classes	Blizzard^c

Snowy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Snowy

Description

A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having ''Snow''.

       Also used to describe *locations* that have a lot of ''Snow'' on the ground.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowy' in WordNet:
         1. white, snowy - (marked by the presence of snow; 'a white Christmas'; 
          'the white hills of a northern winter')

Super-classes WeatherAttributeValue^c

SnubbingaPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SnubbingaPerson

Description

''SnubbingaPerson'' is a form of ''RebuffingaPerson'' by not recognizing a Person or not responding to an attempt to initiate a conversation, or by avoiding contact when with a Person in a larger Group.

       RHW verb 'cut':
         19.  to refuse to recognize socially; shun ostentatiously:
            Her friends began to cut her as the season progressed.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'snub' in WordNet:
          2. snub, cut, cold shoulder - (a refusal to recognize someone you know;
             'the snub was clearly intentional')
       WN verb 'snub':
          1. (3) ignore, disregard, snub, cut - (refuse to acknowledge;
               'She cut him dead at the meeting')

Super-classes Offending^c

So-called^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#So-called

Description

''So-called'' is a subtype of ''Doubtful'' that applies to an implied assertion that the entity modified (an instance of Type) actually applies to the thing being referenced.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'so-called' in WordNet:
       1. (13) alleged, so-called, supposed - (doubtful or suspect;
         'these so-called experts are no help')

Super-classes Doubtful^c

So-so^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#So-so

Description

An average or slighty less than average degree of Goodness; better than 'Mediocre' and worse than 'Fair'.

             'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top
         'Good' and the bottom 'Bad'




   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'so-so' in Wordnet:
      1. (3) indifferent, so-so - (being neither good nor bad; 
      'an indifferent performance'; 'a gifted painter but an indifferent actor'; 
      'her work at the office is passable'; 'a so-so golfer'; 'feeling only so-so';
      'prepared a tolerable dinner'; 'a tolerable working knowledge of French')
   WN adj 'adequate':
    3. (1) adequate, passable, fair to middling, tolerable - (about average; acceptable;
              'more than adequate as a secretary')

Super-classes GoodnessValue^c

Soaked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soaked

Description

A quality of porous objects that have liquid water perceptible on the surface as well as interpersed in cavities in the object, such that some pressure will cause water to be expelled from the object. This is wetter than just ''Wet''.

      This attribute can be imparted by a ''Soaking'' event.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soaked' in WordNet:
          2. (1) drenched, saturated, soaked, soaking, sodden, sopping, soppy - 
            (wet through and through; thoroughly wet; 'stood at the door drenched 
            (or soaked) by the rain'; 'a shirt saturated with perspiration';
            'his shoes were sopping (or soaking)'; 'the speaker's sodden collar'; 'soppy clothes')

Super-classes Wet^c

Soaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soaking`
Description	''Soaking'' is a ''Wetting'' which some SolidObject becomes ''Soaked'' (thoroughly ''Wet''), by immersing in water or pouring water over the object. `Not necessarily a ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'', since pouring water over something also is a 'soaking'. See ''SubmergingInWater''. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'soak' in WordNet: 1. (4) soak - (submerge in a liquid; 'I soaked in the hot tub for an hour') 3. (1) drench, douse, dowse, soak, sop, souse - (cover with liquid; pour liquid onto; 'souse water on his hot face')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c Wetting^c Drenching^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Soaked^c
Sub-classes	SubmergingInWater^c

Soap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soap`
Description	A substance composed of the salt of one or more fatty acids (originally derived from animal fats), that is designed to be used to emulsify dirt and grease, and help clean things. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soap' in WordNet: 1. (9) soap - (a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats)`
Super-classes	CleaningSubstance^c Surfactant^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WashingEvent^c

SoapAndWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoapAndWater`
Description	''SoapAndWater'' is the combination of''Soap'' and ''Water'', as used in cleaning things like 'Laundry'' or dishes. `The ''Soap'' can be in bar form, powdered, or liquid; the combination of the two components includes the two when in proximity in a cleaning location or cleaning process, or when the soap is fully dissolved.`
Super-classes	CleaningSubstance^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value WashingEvent^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Water^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Soap^c

SoapBubble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoapBubble`
Description	A ''SoapBubble'' is a ''BubbleInAir'' the outer spheroidal ring of which is a solution of some soap or other surfactant. This is the kind of soap bubble that children blow from small rings dipped into soap solution. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soap bubble' in Wordnet: 1. soap bubble - (a bubble formed by a thin soap film)`
Super-classes	HollowLiquidBall^c BubbleInAir^c
Restrictions	surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SurfactantSolution^c

Soaping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soaping`
Description	The #$subEvents of a washing where the surfactant is applied to the object washed. This is not just applying the soap, but lathering it into the object washed. A wash cycle on a washing machine is considered a soaping event. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'soap' in WordNet: 1. soap, lather - (rub soap all over, usually with the purpose of cleaning)`
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c WashingEvent^c
Restrictions	usedSubstance^op value Soap^c hadThingTransferred^op value Soap^c

Soapy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soapy

Description

Resembling ''Soap'' in some way, as by a greasy feel or causing bubbles in water.

      +FOL:  Implies the relation 'resembles' for the thing having this attribute

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soapy' in WordNet:
          1. saponaceous, soapy - (resembling or having the qualities of soap;
          'a soapy consistency')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Soaring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soaring`
Description	''Soaring'' is a rapid ''MotionUpward''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'soar' in WordNet: 1. (4) soar, soar up, soar upwards, surge, zoom - (rise rapidly; 'the dollar soared against the yen')`
Super-classes	Action^c MotionUpward^c
Sub-classes	SkyrocketingAction^c

Sob^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sob`
Description	This sense of 'gasp' is a single short ''Inhaling'', `NOTE: the term 'sobbing' labels the Action of ''Sobbing'', which is a series of''Sob''s. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sob' in WordNet: 3. sob, sobbing - (convulsive gasp made while weeping)`
Super-classes	Gasp^c Convulsing^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Sobbing^c

Sobbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sobbing`
Description	''Sobbing'' is a strong, loud, ''Crying'' that causes visible ''Convulsing'' of the body (each one is a ''Sob'',where the upper torso moves perceptibly) and is hard to stop. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sob' in WordNet: 1. (2) sob - (weep convulsively; 'He was sobbing inconsolably')`
Super-classes	Crying^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Convulsive^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Intense^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c hasSubEvent^op min 3

Sober^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sober

Description

Not perceptibly under the influence of alcohol. Not 'Drunk'.

     Corresponds to sense 1 of'sober' in WordNet:
     1. (5) sober - (not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol))

Super-classes BiologicalAttributeValue^c

Sobered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sobered

Description

''Sobered'' is the attribute of being more ''Realistic'' about some situation,particularly the dangers and possibilities, after having been more optimistic..

       No WN sense of 'sober' corresponding to this concept.

Super-classes Realistic^c
BiologicalAttributeValue^c

Sobering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sobering

Description

''Sobering'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events, especially results Actions) that cause a Person to experience a ''BecomingSobered'', and thus become more 'realistic' about the thing previously thought feasible.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sobering' in WordNet:
       1. (1) sobering - (tending to make sober or more serious; 
           'the news had a sobering effect')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Soccer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soccer

Description

The sport of 'Soccer' (in England called 'football'). This is not a game of soccer, but the sport 'Specification' generally.

    NOTE: the WN gloss seems to refer to a game, but this is interpreted 
       as the sport.  This same WN gloss is used for the ''SoccerGame''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soccer' in WordNet:
        1. soccer, association football - (a football game in which two teams of 11 players
          try to kick or head a ball into the opponents' goal)

Super-classes TeamSport^c

SoccerBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoccerBall`
Description	The inflatable ball used in a SoccerGame. Comes in slightly different sizes. `NOTE that this is 'rigid' an 'spherical' but 'inflatable' - possibly inconsistent unless the inflated ball is disinguished from the unnflated. THink harder. CYC: The ball manipulated in a soccer game. For adult and professional play, an inflated size 5 ball is 27 to 28 inches in circumference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soccer ball' in WordNet: 1. soccer ball - (an inflated ball used in playing soccer)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c Ball^c SphericalObject^c GameArtifact^c ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c Device^c InflatableContainer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SoccerGame^c hasTypicalCircumferenceInCentimeters^dp value 69.0^c

SoccerField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoccerField`
Description	An ''AthleticField'' designed for a ''SoccerGame'', usually outdoors.
Super-classes	AthleticField^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value SoccerGame^c hasPhysicalPart^op min 2

SoccerGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoccerGame`
Description	`WN does not distinguish the Game 'specification' from a game event. This is the event Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soccer' in WordNet: 1. soccer, association football - (a football game in which two teams of 11 players try to kick or head a ball into the opponents' goal)`
Super-classes	Game^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value SoccerField^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Soccer^c usesInstrument^op value SoccerBall^c

SoccerGoalNet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoccerGoalNet`
Description	A ''SoccerGoalNet'' is a frame with net at one end of a ''SoccerField'' into which the players of one team try to propel the ''SoccerBall'' to score a point (a 'goal').
Super-classes	SportsGoalObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value SoccerField^c hasPhysicalPart^op value GameNet^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SoccerGame^c

SoccerGoalkeeper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoccerGoalkeeper`
Description	A ''SoccerGoalkeeper'' is an ''Athlete'' who participates in a SoccerGame as the player who guards the ''SoccerGoalNet''and tries to keep opponents from propeling a ''SoccerBall'' into that goal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goalkeeper' in WordNet: 1. goalkeeper, goalie, goaltender, netkeeper, netminder - (the soccer or hockey player assigned to protect the goal)`
Super-classes	SoccerPlayer^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value SoccerGame^c

SoccerPlayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoccerPlayer`
Description	A ''SoccerPlayer'' is an ''Athlete'' who participates regularly in a SoccerGame or is participating in a specific SoccerGame. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soccer player' in WordNet: 1. soccer player - (an athlete who plays soccer)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value SoccerGame^c
Sub-classes	SoccerGoalkeeper^c

Sociability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sociability`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sociability' in WordNet: 1. (1) sociability, sociableness - (the relative tendency or disposition to be sociable or associate with one's fellows)`
Super-classes	Sociality^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value SocialInteraction^c

SociabilityBasedAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SociabilityBasedAction`
Description	A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$SociabilityBasedAction is an action done mostly for the sake of sociability, in which considerations of socially acceptable interactions with others are important.
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c
Sub-classes	Recognition^c Applauding-Clapping^c Geopolitics^c Socializing^c Politics^c VisitingSomeone^c Flirting^c Acknowledgement^c IntroducingSomeone^c ShowingSupportForSomething^c

Sociable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sociable`
Description	This ''Sociable'' is intended to characterize a Person who tends to 'socialize' and interact and mingle with other people. WN 'sociable' sense 2 characterizes gatherings that are conducive to interacting with others. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sociable' in Wordnet: 1. sociable - (inclined to or conducive to companionship with others; 'a sociable occasion'; 'enjoyed a sociable chat'; 'a sociable conversation'; 'Americans are sociable and gregarious')`
Super-classes	Friendly^c
Sub-classes	Extroverted^c TouchyFeely^c

Social^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Social`
Description	'Social' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Society and things related to groups of people. `Includes adjective sense 1 of 'social' in WordNet: 1. (83) social, societal - - (relating to human society and its members; 'social institutions'; 'societal evolution'; 'societal forces'; 'social legislation')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Interpersonal^c

SocialAmbiance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialAmbiance`
Description	'SocialAmbiance' is a StaticSituation involving two or more people, vaguer in meaning than ''SocialInteraction'', afected by both the people present and the physical environment, and characterized by the ''Feeling''s it may cause in people present; but individual people may have different responses to the same ''SocialAmbiance''. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'ambiance' in WordNet: 1. (1) atmosphere, ambiance, ambience - (a particular environment or surrounding influence; 'there was an atmosphere of excitement') 2. ambiance, ambience - (the atmosphere of an environment)`
Super-classes	Aura^c StaticSituation^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	Vibes^c

SocialAssimilation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialAssimilation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'assimilation' in WordNet: 2. assimilation, absorption - (the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Occasion^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c

SocialBeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialBeing`
Description	A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance of #$SocialBeing is an intelligent agent whose status as an agent is acknowledged within some social system, and who is capable of playing certain social roles within that system. Note that in many (but not all) cases, a #$SocialBeing will have certain rights and responsibilities associated with his/her/its status within the relevant social system. For agents who are granted rights and responsibilities under some legal system, see the specialization #$LegalAgent. Other notable specializations of #$SocialBeing are #$Person and #$Organization.
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	TrustingAgent^c MusicGroup^c MedicalCareProvider^c MusicalPerformer^c PublicOfficial^c MultipleRaces^c JudicialAgent^c LawEnforcementAgent^c Athlete^c TerroristAgent^c KinshipGroup^c GovernmentalOrganization^c Entertainer^c Syndicate^c MusicPerformanceOrganization^c RaceOfPeople^c GovernmentalAuthority^c

SocialBody^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialBody`
Description	A ''SocialBody'' is an ''InterestGroup'' in sufficiently close contact that all or most can be accessed conveniently to determine shared opinions or take common action. A ''SocialBody'' can exist for a relatively brief time interal, as at a meeting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'body' in WordNet: 3. (160) body - (a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; 'the whole body filed out of the auditorium')`
Super-classes	InterestGroup^c
Sub-classes	Faculty^c SocialMovement^c

SocialClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialClass`
Description	A ''SocialClass'' is a SocialGroup consisting of People with the same social 'status' (vaguely defined here) which can be due to inherited position in some societies, or to economic situation, or to type of work done, or to any combination. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social class' in WordNet: 1. (5) class, social class, socio-economic class - (people having the same social or economic status; "the working class"; "an emerging professional class")`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c
Sub-classes	SocialDomain^c Caste^c EconomicClass^c UpperClass^c Sodality^c

SocialCohort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialCohort`
Description	A ''SocialCohort'' is the GroupOfPeople consisting of those who tend to associate with each other. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cohort' in WordNet: 1. cohort - (a company of companions or supporters)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Acquaintance^c

SocialContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialContext`
Description	The SocialContext in a Situational is the set of people that an Agent is in contact with, or is acting on behalf of, directly or indirectly, at a particular time. It also includes prior interactions and goals that affector are affected by agents other than the one .
Super-classes	SituationalContextComponent^c

SocialDancing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialDancing`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social dancing' in WordNet: 1. social dancing - (dancing as part of a social occasion)`
Super-classes	Dancing^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value SocialGathering^c isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value DanceFloor^c
Sub-classes	FolkDancing^c BallroomDancing^c

SocialDomain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialDomain`
Description	A ''SocialDomain'' is a ''SocialClass'' consisting of People who have interests or perform certain types of activity that share aspects sufficient for those people to be identified as a particular Group. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'domain' in WordNet: 4. world, domain - (people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest; 'the Western world')`
Super-classes	SocialClass^c
Sub-classes	Academia^c

SocialGathering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialGathering`
Description	Any gathering of two or more people planned in advance for some purpose, which can be business or pleasure or otherwise. The planning component requires that this be an 'Event-Organized'. This is a very general concept, which is approximately synonymous with the WordNet synset: (affair, occasion, social occasion, function, social function) Wordnet definition: a vaguely specified social event; 'the party was quite an affair'; 'an occasion arranged to honor the president'; 'a seemingly endless round of social functions' Cyc: A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$SocialGathering is an intentional social gathering of people who have the same or similar purposes in attending, and in which there is communication between the participants. Specializations include #$BabyShower, #$Carnival, and #$Rally. Note that a group of people waiting to board an elevator is not typically a #$SocialGathering, even though they share a common purpose, since they are not expected to talk to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'occasion' and sense 3 of 'affair', sense 6 of 'function' and sense 1 of both 'social occasion' and 'social function' in WordNet: 2. (6) affair, occasion, social occasion, function, social function - (a vaguely specified social event; 'the party was quite an affair'; 'an occasion arranged to honor the president'; 'a seemingly endless round of social functions') WN noun 'social gathering' 1. social gathering, social affair - (a gathering for the purpose of promoting fellowship)
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c CulturalThing^c Event-Organized^c PurposefulAction^c GatheringTogetherOfPeople^c
Restrictions	produces^op value AssemblageOfPeople^c hadThingTransferred^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value SociabilityBasedAction^c
Sub-classes	CommemorationEvent^c PublicAssembly^c Sleepover^c SocialRitual^c Reception^c Party^c Session^c ProcessionEvent^c Celebration^c FundraisingEvent^c EntertainmentPerformance^c

SocialGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialGroup`
Description	A GroupOfPeople related by some direct social relation, or sharing some social characteristic regardless of the location which the individual members occupy. `This is the sense 1 of 'social group' in WordNet: 1. social group - (people sharing some social relation)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	Society^c BandOfPeople^c SocialClass^c CommonFolk^c Leadership^c InterestGroup^c PublicSector^c Defenders^c CriminalUnderworld^c Community^c BeliefGroup^c SectorOfSociety^c SocialSphere^c

SocialInstitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialInstitution`
Description	A ''SocialInstitution'' is a set of ''custom''s or ''Norm''s (religious or secular practices, such as forms of government or charitable practices) by some GroupOfPeople (typically a ''SocialGroup'') that are accepted or at least tolerated as representing a desirable thing for achieving some social benefit. To become an 'institution' requires that they be accepted for some significant period of time, at least one decade and usually longer. These practices may be disapproved by other groups of people, so being a ''SocialInstitution'' is meaningful only within some specific GroupOfpeople. The term 'institution' may be applied in a metaphorical sense to a Person in some Role; an Organization referred to as an 'institution' would be represented by type ''Institution''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'institution' in WordNet: 3. (1) institution - (a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society; 'the institution of marriage'; 'the institution of slavery'; 'he had become an institution in the theater')`
Super-classes	Custom^c TraditionalNorm^c ValuableThing^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value SocialGroup^c hasSubEvent^op some CulturalPractice^c isPerformedBy^op some GroupOfPeople^c

SocialInteraction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialInteraction`
Description	A broad concept that is a ''SocialOccurence'' but more specifically focuses on the actions beween some individual Person and another Person or''GroupOfPeople'' or Organization, rather than actions as a group. This can include any kind of Action, conflict or cooperation or neither. Subtypes can be an Action where something changes (''BecomingEvent'') or a ''PersistentState'' describing an ongoing interactive relation. NOTE: the term ''SocialInteraction'' is a SUMO term approximately equivalent to Cyc 'SocialOccurrence' but is used more specifically here. The difference between this and the subtype ''InfluencingAnAgent'' is that in a ''SocialInteraction'' no agents are necessarily 'influenced' (have opinions or actions changed) though they do observe and may react to the actions of another agent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'interact' and includes butis more specific than sense 1 of 'ineraction' in WordNet: 1. (2) interact - (act together or towards others or with others; 'He should interact more with his colleagues') WN noun 'interaction;: 1. (15) interaction - (a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c SocialOccurrence^c Interaction^c Interacting^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	FutureMeeting^c Forgiving^c Divorce^c TransactingBusiness^c LinguisticCommunication^c Dating^c SocialIntervening^c Alienating^c RelatingToAnotherPerson^c Marginalizing^c FaceTime^c InfluencingAnAgent^c SocialRelationship^c DiscontinuingaSocialRelation^c BecomingAffiliated^c Socializing^c

SocialIntercourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialIntercourse`
Description	A ''SocialIntercourse'' is an extended ''Intercommunication'' in which there are at least two instances of ''Intercommunication''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social intercourse' in WordNet: 1. intercourse, social intercourse - (communication between individuals)`
Super-classes	Intercommunication^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Intercommunication^c
Sub-classes	Communion^c

SocialIntervening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialIntervening`
Description	''SocialIntervening'' is a ''SocialInteraction'' in which one agent intentionally attempts to infuence the actions of a second agent or other agents, with or without without a prior request for advice or assistance by the second agent. The act of intervening without a request would be a subtype ('butting in'?) `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intervene' and noun sense 1 of 'intervention'in WordNet: 1. (4) intervene, step in, interfere, interpose - (get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action, or through force or threat of force; 'Why did the U.S. not intervene earlier in WW II?') WN noun 'intervention': 1. (3) intervention, intercession - (the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute))`
Super-classes	MentalEvent^c SocialInteraction^c
Sub-classes	Mediating^c Meddling^c

SocialMediaWebsite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialMediaWebsite`
Description	A ''SocialMediaWebsite'' is any of a variety of ''WebSite''s that allow multiple people to provide content to be viewed (and pssibly shared) by many others,a allowing large numbers of people to maintain communication with each other in a simple manner. `No WN sense.`
Super-classes	WebSite^c
Sub-classes	Facebook^c

SocialMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialMovement`
Description	A ''SocialMovement'' is a ''SocialBody'' that takes action to achieve some public goals or enact public policies. This is disinct from an organized political party, trying to achieve goals without participating in electoral politics. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social movement' in WordNet: 1. movement, social movement, front - (a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals; 'he was a charter member of the movement'; 'politicians have to respect a mass movement'; 'he led the national liberation front')`
Super-classes	SocialBody^c
Sub-classes	ReligiousMovement^c ArtisticMovement^c

SocialNeworkProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialNeworkProgram`
Description	A ''SocialNeworkProgram'' is a ''ComputerApplicationProgram'' that is used to enable people to communicate with each other over the internet by means other than email.
Super-classes	ComputerApplicationProgram^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value SocialRelationship^c
Sub-classes	Facebook^c

SocialNiche^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialNiche`
Description	`NOTE: this is not necessarily an ''EmploymentPosition'' but can be. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'niche' in WordNet: 1. (1) niche - (a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it; "he found his niche in the academic world")`
Super-classes	SocialRank^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	EmploymentPosition^c Position^c

SocialOccurrence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialOccurrence`
Description	An Action performed by two or more agents, at least one of whom is a ''Person''; this means that one or more ''NonHumanAnimal''s may be essential participants (e.g. in a ''Bullfight''). The participants may be cooperating or competing, or merely performing the same or different parts of some Action. NOTE that a SocialOccurrence is not necessarily planned in advance, and therefore is not necessarily an instance of 'Event-Organized'. For planned SocialOccurrences, use 'SocialGathering'. COSMO note: removed 'compositePhysicalAndMentalEvent' as parent (in CYC) - we want to reserve that for individual actions, but a SocialOccurrence has multiple participants, and requiring specifying each agent is impractical. Cyc: A specialization of both #$PurposefulAction and #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent. Each instance of #$SocialOccurrence is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, #$SocialOccurrences involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of #$SocialOccurrence have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). COSMO note: Note that InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, which may be carried out by machines at both ends, is also classified as a SocialOccurrence, since such communication is at this time (2007) always performed at the direction of a Person. NOTE also that the 'Agents' directly performing this action do not have to be people or organizations, they can be machines or software agents. Corresponds approximately (perhaps a supertype?)to noun sense 1 of 'group_action' in WordNet: 1. (1) group action - (action taken by a group of people) WN 'social process': 1. social process - (a process involved in the formation of groups of persons)
Super-classes	Occasion^c PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some (GroupOfAnimals^c or Person^c or Organization^c or Automaton^c or Person^c or PersonType^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op some (GroupOfAnimals^c or Person^c or Organization^c or Automaton^c or Person^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	SocialGathering^c ChangeOfStatusEvent^c Intercommunication^c Ritual^c ConflictEvent^c AssociatingWithOtherPeople^c MultiDirectionalCommunication^c EconomicEvent^c Arresting^c Punishing^c Traffic^c EstablishingaSocialInstitution^c RegulatingBehavior^c CulturalPractice^c EndingAnAgreement^c Revolution^c OralSex^c WeddingCeremony^c CollaborativeProject^c CulturalEvent^c FiringSomeone^c Tradition^c GraduationCeremony^c Picnic^c CooperationEvent^c Disseminating^c EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c Offending^c Teamwork^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c Negotiating^c HostileSocialAction^c Democratization^c ChangeOfPossession^c Dating^c HostingGuests^c Deciding-Collectively^c ChangeInUserRights^c ExemptingFromAnObligation^c HumanGroupActivity^c OrganizationalProcess^c SexualCopulation^c SocialInteraction^c Rioting^c SportsAction^c Ordering^c SociabilityBasedAction^c ImpressingSomeone^c InfringingARule^c KaraokeEvent^c Meeting^c PrescribingMedication^c FoundingAnOrganization^c Excusing^c EstablishingaHeadquarters^c FaceTime^c PersonalNetworking^c Urbanization^c MassCommunicating^c HolidayEvent^c HelpingAnAgent^c BearingPunishment^c Pretending^c EntrenchingaSocialArrangement^c

SocialOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialOrganization`
Description	An organized Social Group that not primarily professional or charitable. Small local clubs and larger groups are included. In CYC, a related concept 'Club-Organization' includes sports clubs that may be professional, but this type excludes those. For that sense use 'SportsClub' This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'society' and sense 2 of 'club' in WordNet: WN noun 'society': 2. (6) club, social club, society, guild, gild, lodge, order - (a formal association of people with similar interests; 'he joined a golf club'; 'they formed a small lunch society'; 'men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today') 1. (88) society - (an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization)
Super-classes	PrivateSectorOrganization^c Association^c
Sub-classes	ScoutingOrganization^c AssociationAuxiliary^c AssociationChapter^c Sorority^c Fraternity^c

SocialPower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialPower`
Description	SocialPower can be small or large; for great social power use 'Might-Social'. This attribute includes the minimum degree of influence that can be characterized as 'social power' - the ability to influence people in a small community. This is a sense of 'power' that includes the notions of 'authorty', 'Privilege' and other concepts that are represented as subtypes of ''Attribute'' in COSMO. These may be related to ''MentalObject''s such as ''Right'' or ''Permission'' by the relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving'' when a linkage seems appropriate. Cyc: The collection of attributes that describe a person's social power, 'clout,' the ability to influence people and achieve one's social goals through some combination of privilege, position, personal contacts, skill, hard work, and intelligence. Money (income, wealth) and esteem/prestige may both contribute to attaining social power and may be necessary to hold on to it, but they cannot be equated with it. This is basically Max Weber's schema. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power' in WordNet: 1. (674) power, powerfulness - (possession of controlling influence; 'the deterrent power of nuclear weapons'; 'the power of his love saved her'; 'his powerfulness was concealed by a gentle facade')
Super-classes	AbilityToInfluencePeople^c ValuableThing^c
Sub-classes	Might-Social^c OfficialPower^c ControllingAuthority^c

SocialRank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialRank`
Description	The PersistentState of ''SocialRank'' is a vague ''Status'' of a Person that affect how that Personis viewed by other people. `NOTE: this is not necessarily a position in a 'hierarchy', but includes positions affecting others views of a person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social rank' in WordNet: 1. social station, social status, social rank, rank - (position in a social hierarchy; "the British are more aware of social status than Americans are")`
Super-classes	Status^c BeingaMemberOfaGroup^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	SocialNiche^c

SocialRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialRelation`
Description	A static situation PersistentState in which one IntelligentAgent is related to another. This is a broad category, and the various roles in a 'SocialRelation' need to be specified, probably by specialized relations. `@ToDo: create the proper relations.`
Super-classes	MentalObject^c
Sub-classes	Employment^c

SocialRelationship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialRelationship`
Description	A ''SocialRelationship'' is a PersistentState in which two or more people maintain contacts with each other for personal reasons,not professional or business. This differs from a ''SocialState'' in that more than two people can participate in this state.
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Socializing^c SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op min 2
Sub-classes	FacebookFriendship^c Camaraderie^c

SocialRitual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialRitual`
Description	A specialization of both #$SocialGathering and #$Ritual. Each instance of #$SocialRitual is a ritual performed by two or more people. Specializations of #$SocialRitual include #$GraduationCeremony, #$AwardsCeremony, #$Parade, and #$Funeral.
Super-classes	SocialGathering^c Ritual^c FormalMeeting^c
Sub-classes	WakeForaCorpse^c Rite^c Ceremony^c

SocialScience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialScience`
Description	This is a collection of fields of study which have to do with the behavior of social groups. It includes #$Sociology, #$Economics, #$Anthropology, and #$PoliticalScience. `SUMO: Any Science which studies human behavior, either in the aggregate as do, for example, Economics and Linguistics, or with respect to the individual, as does Psychology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social science' in WordNet: 1. (3) social science - (the branch of science that studies society and the relationships of individual within a society)`
Super-classes	Science^c
Sub-classes	Anthropology^c AccountingSystem^c Economics^c LibraryScience^c Sociology^c

SocialScientist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialScientist`
Description	A ''SocialScientist'' is an expert in some branch of the 'Social Sciences' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social scientist' in WordNet: 1. social scientist - (someone expert in the study of human society and its personal relationships)`
Super-classes	Researcher^c Graduate^c Expert^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value SocialScience^c
Sub-classes	Sociologist^c Anthropologist^c Librarian^c Economist^c

SocialSecurityNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialSecurityNumber`
Description	COSMO: an abstract notion of an SSN (SSAN). There will be a corresponding string, at least in English. (the string might not be unique, e.g. some forms require an SSN without the intervening dashes, some require the dashes.). `Cyc: A specialization of #$UniqueID and #$IDNumber. Each instance of #$SocialSecurityNumber is a nine-digit unique identification number assigned by the #$SocialSecurityAdministration to a particular individual's #$SocialSecurityAccount. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Social Security number' in WordNet: 1. Social Security number - (the number of a particular individual's social security account)`
Super-classes	PersonIdentifier^c IDNumber^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractStringRepresentation^op only SocialSecurityNumberString^c

SocialSecurityNumberString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialSecurityNumberString`
Description	An AbstractString representing a SocialSecurityNumber. The string may be all numbers, or may be organized as xxx-xx-xxxx.
Super-classes	IdentifierString^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op only SocialSecurityNumber^c

SocialSphere^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialSphere

Description

A SocialGroup consisting of some individual's family, friends, and acquaintences with whom that person interacts socially. Intellectual and scientific 'communities' are a separate type ''Community''.

     corresponds approximately to noun sense  of 'domain' in WordNet:
       1. (4) sphere, domain, area, orbit, field, arena - (a particular environment or walk of life;
       'his social sphere is limited'; 'it was a closed area of employment'; 'he's out of my orbit')

Super-classes SocialGroup^c

SocialState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialState`
Description	A 'SocialState' is a PersistentState of a Person that characterizes at least one aspect of that person's relations to other members of the Person's community. It will usually reflect how other persons view him/her. It is an Action because it has an Agent as its subject. `See also the PersonTraitValue 'SocialStatus'.`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Action^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Innocence^c Retirement^c Solitude^c Popularity^c Companionship^c Owing^c BeingWelcome^c Status^c GoodCircumstances^c StateOfShame^c LodgingSomewhere^c Guiltiness^c Marriage^c Slavery^c Friendship^c BeingRespected^c ResponsibilitySituation^c Unemployment^c Privacy^c

SocialStature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialStature`
Description	''SocialStature'' is having a high level of ''BeingEsteemed''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stature' in WordNet: 1. (8) stature - (high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement; 'a man of great stature')`
Super-classes	BeingEsteemed^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value BeingEsteemed^c

SocialStatusAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialStatusAttribute`
Description	SocialStatus is an Attribute that a person has as a result of other people having an opinion of that person. It is not an inherent trait, though it may be strongly influenced by a person's inherent traits. Instances may also apply to groups of people, such as women or young people in a particular culture. See also 'SocialState', a PersistentState. There are aspects of status, such as within-group and out-of-group attitudes that are not represented by a simple attribute. This needs to be elaborated considerably. NOTE that the phrase 'social status' in WordNet depicts a noun - but the subtypes are adjectives - need a better label?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social status' in Wordnet: 1. (1) social station, social status, social rank, rank - (position in a social hierarchy; 'the British are more aware of social status than Americans are')
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Complicit^c Civilized^c Innocent^c Popular^c Barbaric^c TreatedAsDependent^c Loved^c TreatedAsProperty^c Famous^c Shamed^c Respected^c Unpopular^c ConsideredInferior^c HeldInContempt^c ConsideredCrazy^c ConsideredDangerous^c Notorious^c Eminent^c Guilty^c Reigning^c

SocialSuccess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialSuccess`
Description	'SocialSuccess' is the PersistentState that occurs after an Agent has achieved wealth, fame, or honor. There are many degrees and types of 'SocialSuccess', but all include some community recognition. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'success' in WordNet: 3. (10) success - (a state of prosperity or fame; 'he is enjoying great success'; 'he does not consider wealth synonymous with success')`
Super-classes	PersonalSuccess^c BeingRecognized^c BeingEsteemed^c
Sub-classes	TheBigTime^c Fame^c

SocialSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialSystem`
Description	A ''SocialSystem'' is a System containing Rules and traditional and accepted norms of behavior within some large body of people forming a society. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social system' in WordNet: 1. (2) social organization, social organisation, social structure, social system, structure - (the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships; 'the social organization of England and America is very different'; 'sociologists have studied the changing structure of the family')`
Super-classes	System^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2
Sub-classes	Patriarchy^c Feudalism^c Segregation^c Matriarchy^c FormOfGovernment^c PluralistSystem^c Apartheid^c

SocialWelfare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocialWelfare`
Description	''SocialWelfare'' is ''FinancialAssistance'' provided by a government without requiring any work in return. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'welfare' in WordNet: 1. (3) social welfare, welfare - (governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need)`
Super-classes	FinancialAssistance^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Government^c

Socialism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Socialism`
Description	This ''Socialism'' is the practice, not the theory. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'socialism' in WordNet: 1. (11) socialism - (a political theory advocating state ownership of industry)`
Super-classes	ManagedEconomy^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op value Socialist^c
Sub-classes	Communism^c Marxism^c

Socialist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Socialist`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Persons that believe in the #$SocialisticIdeology. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'socialist' in WordNet: 1. (1) socialist - (a political advocate of socialism)`
Super-classes	Supporter^c Politician^c Leftist^c
Restrictions	desires^op value Socialism^c supportsProposition^op value Socialism^c
Sub-classes	Communist^c

Sociality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sociality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sociality' in WordNet: 1. (1) sociality - (the tendency to associate with others and to form social groups; 'mammals as a class are not strong on sociality')`
Super-classes	BehavioralDisposition^c Trait^c
Sub-classes	Sociability^c

Socializing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Socializing`
Description	CYC: This collection involves events of social interaction in a social setting. Instances usually have #$Communicating subevents, but communicating needn't be the primary subactivity. Instead, two people hanging out together drinking at a bar or dancing at a nightclub could be an instance of socializing, with or without conversation. The context of these events is a social context, therefore business meetings, commercial exchanges, interactions with the dental receptionist, etc. are not examples of #$Socializing, unless there is some non-official (i.e. social) purpose for the agents spending time together.--Causley, March 22, 1999. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'socialize' in WordNet: 1. (1) socialize, socialise - (take part in social activities; interact with others; 'He never socializes with his colleagues'; 'The old man hates to socialize')`
Super-classes	SociabilityBasedAction^c SocialInteraction^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	SocialRelationship^c

Socializing-Adapting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Socializing-Adapting`
Description	''Socializing-Adapting'' is the process by which a Person who is new to a social setting or community (including children just learning the basics) becomes acquainted with the norms of the culture and adapts behavior to fit in. The specific Adaptation of new immigrants is represented by the subtype ''Enculturation''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'socialize' and part of noun sense 3 of 'socialization' in WordNet: 2. socialize, socialise - (train for a social environment; 'The children must be properly socialized') WN noun 'socialization': 3. socialization, socialisation, acculturation, enculturation - (the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture; 'the socialization of children to the norms of their culture')
Super-classes	Learning^c Educating^c AdaptingOneself^c
Sub-classes	Enculturation^c

SocializingAnEconomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocializingAnEconomy`
Description	''SocializingAnEconomy'' is an Action in which some part(s) of a ''NationalEconomy'' are modified to conform to ''Socialism'' principles. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'socialize' in WordNet: 4. socialize, socialise -(make conform to socialist ideas and philosophies; 'Health care should be socialized!')`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Socialism^c isDesiredBy^op value Socialist^c hadThingAffected^op some NationalEconomy^c

Socially^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Socially

Description

''Socially'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that adjective thus qualified pertains to society or social interactions.

         Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'socially' in WordNet:
           1. (3) socially - (by or with respect to society; 'socially accepted norms')
           2. socially - (in a social manner; 'socially unpopular')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

SociallyAppropriate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SociallyAppropriate

Description

''SociallyAppropriate'' is an AttributeValue applied to actions that conform to and do not violate social norms of polite behavior.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'appropriate', senses 1 and
        2 of 'fitting' and sense 1 of 'proper' in WordNet:
       4. (1) appropriate, harmonious - (suitable and fitting; 
              'the tailored clothes were harmonious with her military bearing')
    WN 'fitting' 
      1. (5) fitting - (in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion;
           'We have come to dedicate a portion of that field...
           It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this')
      2. (2) fitting, meet - (being precisely fitting and right; 
         'it is only meet that she should be seated first')
 WN 'proper'
 1. (34) proper - (marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness; 
   'proper medical treatment'; 'proper manners')

Super-classes Suitable^c

SociallyCorrect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SociallyCorrect`
Description	''SociallyCorrect''has ''PoliticallyCorrect'' as a subattribute, not yet represented. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'correct' in Wordnet: 2. (5) correct, right - (socially right or correct; 'it isn't right to leave the party without saying goodbye'; 'correct behavior')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PoliticallyCorrect^c

SociallyPowerful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SociallyPowerful`
Description	The attributeValue ''SociallyPowerful'' characterizes a Person who is ''HighlyInfluential'' by virtue of some ''SocialPower'' such as a Governmental office, not just by virtue of some persuasive literary or rhetorical ability. Such a Person has the ability to affect the beliefs or attitudes of many other people, to the extent that the person who has 'Might-Social' can actually cause other people to do things. This is the attribute of managers, and is possessed in a high degree by the leaders to large corporations or of geopolitical entities. 'powerful senators'; 'a powerful corporate leader' `For military 'might' of a nation, see 'Might-Physical'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'mighty' and sense 3 of 'powerful' in WordNet and noun sense 1 of 'power' : in WordNet: 1. (10) mighty - (having or showing great strength or force or intensity; 'struck a mighty blow'; 'the mighty logger Paul Bunyan'; 'the pen is mightier than the sword'- Bulwer-Lytton) WN 'powerful' 3. (2) potent, powerful - (having great influence)`
Super-classes	HighlyInfluential^c Powerful^c
Sub-classes	Autocratic^c

SociallySuccessful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SociallySuccessful

Description

'Successful' is an AttributeValue of a Person who performed enough 'SuccessfulAction's to gain some form of social recognition or wealth, and be considered as a 'success'.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'successful' in WordNet
       (see 'SuccessfullyAccomplished' for the other part):
     in WordNet:
       1. (42) successful - (having succeeded or being marked
           by a favorable outcome; 'a successful architect'; 
          'a successful business venture')

Super-classes Successful^c

Society^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Society`
Description	A SocialGroup that has developed distinctive practices. Not necessarily an EthnicGroup. `This corresponds to sense 1 of 'Society' in WordNet: 1. (88) society - (an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization)`
Super-classes	SocialGroup^c
Sub-classes	Civilization^c

SocioEconomic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocioEconomic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'socioeconomic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) socioeconomic - (involving social as well as economic factors; 'socioeconomic status')`
Super-classes	Economic^c

SocioPolitical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SocioPolitical

Description

'SocioPolitical' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Actions that involve both ''Social'' and ''Political'' aspects.

    Online dictionary for adj 'sociopolitical':
      combining social and political factors.
                     "sociopolitical pressures"

    No WN sense of 'sociopolitical'

Super-classes Political^c

Sociolinguistics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sociolinguistics`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sociolinguistics' in WordNet: 1. sociolinguistics - (the study of language in relation to its sociocultural context)`
Super-classes	Linguistics^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value SocialSystem^c isaBranchOf^op value Linguistics^c

Sociological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sociological

Description

''Sociological'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Sociology'' and related topics.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sociological' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) sociological - (of or relating to or determined by sociology;
           'sociological studies')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sociologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sociologist`
Description	A ''Sociologist'' is a ''SocialScientist'' who is an expert in 'sociology'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sociologist' in WordNet: 1. (1) sociologist - (a social scientist who studies the institutions and development of human society)`
Super-classes	SocialScientist^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Sociology^c
Sub-classes	Demographer^c

Sociology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sociology`
Description	A ''Sociology'' is a ''SocialScience'' that studies attributes of identifiable interacting subgroups of people, and attempts to find regularities that permit identification of causes and predictability of human behavior. `RHW: the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, institutions, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sociology' in WordNet: 1. sociology - (the study and classification of human societies)`
Super-classes	SocialScience^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Society^c
Sub-classes	Demography^c

Sock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sock`
Description	Close-fitting covering for foot and ankle, and often the lower leg. It differs from stocking by what it covers: a sock doesn't cover the upper leg, whereas a stocking does. `SUMO: A piece of Clothing that is made of a soft Fabric like Cotton and that is intended to be worn on the Foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sock' in WordNet: 1. (3) sock - (hosiery consisting of a cloth covering for the foot; worn inside the shoe; reaches to between the ankle and the knee)`
Super-classes	HosieryItem^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value HumanLeg^c

Socket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Socket`
Description	Cyc: Sockets are objects, often parts of other things, which are intended to serve as the site for stuffs to enter the thing. This is an artifact, not a bone 'socket'. A ''Socket'' need not be separately manufactured, it could designate an arbitrary part that has a cavity designed to receive a compatably shaped connector. COSMO: This is interpreted as the female end of a coupler used to transmit electrical power or (as part of a conduit) fluids (gases or liquids). To be a socket, it is necessary to have some cavity into which a paired male coupler can be inserted. In addition to electrical sockets, the receiving end of a coupler on a garden hose is a subtype, as is the receiving part of a ground-glass joint in laboratory glass equipment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'socket' in Wordnet: 2. socket - (receptacle where something (a pipe or probe or end of a bone) is inserted) 3. socket - (a receptacle into which an electric device can be inserted)
Super-classes	Coupler^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalReceptacle^c

SodaPop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SodaPop`
Description	A manufactured (not natural) carbonated beverage, including carbonated bottled water. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'soda pop' in WordNet: 2. (1) pop, soda, soda pop, soda water, tonic - (a sweet drink containing carbonated water and flavoring; "in New England they call sodas tonics")`
Super-classes	PleasantThing^c SoftDrink^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SweetTasting^c
Sub-classes	Sprite^c CocaCola^c PepsiCola^c DietSoftDrink^c

Sodality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sodality

Description

A ''Sodality'' is an ''EconomicClass'' of people having a common interest, such as members of a profession.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sodality' in WordNet:
          1. brotherhood, fraternity, sodality - (people engaged in a particular occupation;
              'the medical fraternity')

Super-classes SocialClass^c

Sodium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sodium`
Description	The element with eleven protons in each nucleus. One of the two elements in table salt (sodium chloride) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sodium' in WordNet: 1. (9) sodium, Na, atomic number 11 - (a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt))`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c AlkaliMetal^c UnalloyedMetal^c ChemicalElement^c
Restrictions	consistsOfManyOf^op value SodiumAtom^c

SodiumAtom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SodiumAtom`
Description	One atom of Sodium; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes.
Super-classes	Atom^c
Restrictions	isTheUnitObjectOf^op value Sodium^c

SodiumChloride^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SodiumChloride`
Description	An inorganic salt that has one sodium ion and one chloride ion in its molecular composition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sodium chloride' in WordNet: 1. (7) sodium chloride, common salt - (a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl))`
Super-classes	Chloride^c InorganicSodiumSalt^c WaterSolubleStuff^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SaltyTasting^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Sodium^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Chlorine^c
Sub-classes	TableSalt^c

SodiumHydroxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SodiumHydroxide`
Description	An inorganic salt that has sodium ions as the cations and hydroxyl as the anion - NaOH. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sodium hydroxide' in WordNet: 1. (1) sodium hydroxide, caustic soda - (a strongly alkaline caustic used in manufacturing soap and paper and aluminum and various sodium compounds)`
Super-classes	InorganicSalt^c
Restrictions	containsChemicalElement^op value Oxygen^c containsChemicalElement^op value Sodium^c containsChemicalElement^op value Hydrogen^c

Sofa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sofa`
Description	A ''FurniturePiece'' that is an upholstered ''SeatingDevice'' that is designed to support more than one person, with no maximum specified. `CYC: 'Sofa-PieceOfFurniture': A piece of furniture used for seating that can hold more than one person comfortably; usually padded and fully upholstered [covered with fabric]. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sofa', sense 1 of'couch' and sense 1 of 'lounge' in WordNet: 1. (5) sofa, couch, lounge - (an upholstered seat for more than one person)`
Super-classes	FurniturePiece^c HexalateralObject^c SeatingDevice^c Person-SupportingFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c hasComponentPart^op value FabricObject^c

Soft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soft`
Description	A quality of substances or objects made of those substances, that allows the objects to be deformed relatively easily and easily cut with a knife, e.g. fresh bread. Opposite of 'Hard'. NOTE that the attribute ''Soft'' and ''SemiSolid'' are both ''Deformable'', but ''SemiSolid''is for substances and Objects that has some component of liquid in them. This distinguishes ''SemiSolid'' from ''Soft'', which is for ''PhysicalObject''s that have an outer surface which may be a covering) that does not have a liquid component, and though ''Deformable'' may restore to its original shape, such as a spongy or velvety object. Pillows and many other ''Stuffed'' objects have the ''Soft'' attribute while 'SemiSolid' objects, after being deformed, will not easily be restored to the original shape.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soft' in WordNet: 1. (18) soft - (yielding readily to pressure or weight)
Super-classes	Solid^c Deformable^c
Sub-classes	Flocked^c Padded^c Velvety^c Spongy^c Fluffy^c

Soft-Sound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soft-Sound

Description

'Soft-Sound' is the opposite of 'Loud', a verbal value for sound intensity that specifies that the decidel level is relatively low, though it may be satisafactory or not satisfactory, depending on the situation. This attribute is relative, and an absolute decibel value that is soft to one person may be too loud for another; in part this depends on hearing acuity.

   Coresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'soft' and adj sense 3 of 'low'  in WordNet:
     3. (4) soft - ((of sound) relatively low in volume; 'soft voices'; 'soft music')
    WN 'low':
      3. (11) low, low-toned - (very low in volume; 'a low murmur'; 
         'the low-toned murmur of the surf')

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c
QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Soft-finnedFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soft-finnedFish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soft-finned fish' in WordNet: 1. soft-finned fish, malacopterygian - (any fish of the superorder Malacopterygii)`
Super-classes	Teleost^c
Sub-classes	CodFish^c CypriniformFish^c Catfish^c

SoftDrink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoftDrink`
Description	A manufactured (not natural) carbonated beverage, including carbonated bottled water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soft drink' in WordNet: 1. (2) soft drink - (nonalcoholic beverage (usually carbonated))`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c NonAlcoholicBeverage^c CarbonatedBeverage^c
Restrictions	doesNotContainSubstance^op value EthylAlcohol^c
Sub-classes	SeltzerWater^c SodaPop^c

SoftGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoftGround`
Description	''SoftGround'' is a type of ''Ground'' that is sufficiently ''Soft'' that vehicles may comes to a halt due to ''BoggingDown''. ''SoftGround'' may consist of ''Sand'' or ''Mud'' or any other oft ground material into which a vehicle could sink. `No WN entry for 'soft ground'.`
Super-classes	Ground^c OutdoorObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c

SoftSolidInorganicStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoftSolidInorganicStuff`
Description	''SoftSolidInorganicStuff'' is a type of soft solid that is mostly ''InorganicMaterial'', used as a parent for ''Clay'' but including any other type of soft granular inorganic materal with the consistency of ''Dough''.
Super-classes	InorganicMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Granular^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c
Sub-classes	Clay^c

SoftballBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoftballBall`
Description	The ball used in a SoftballGame. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'softball' in WordNet: 1. softball, playground ball - (ball used in playing softball)
Super-classes	BaseballBall^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SoftballGame^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SoftballGame^c

SoftballGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoftballGame`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'softball' in WordNet: 2. softball, softball game - (a game closely resembling baseball that is played on a smaller diamond and with a ball that is larger and softer)`
Super-classes	BallGame^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value SoftballBall^c isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value BaseballField^c

Softener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Softener`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'softener' in WordNet: 1. softener - (a substance added to another to make it less hard)`
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Softening^c isUsedInAction^op value Softening^c
Sub-classes	HairConditioner^c

Softening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Softening`
Description	Any Event in which a quantity of substance in a solid or semisolid form becomes softer; this is the intransitive sense. The softening may or may not be reversible. `Corresponds to the intransitive verb sense 7 of 'soften' in WordNet: 7. soften - (become soft or softer; 'The bread will soften if you pour some liquid on it')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Hardening^c causesIncreaseIn^op value Softness^c subjectBecomes^op value Soft^c

Softness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Softness`
Description	''Softness'' is a subtype of ''Consistence'' characteristic of physical objects that are ''Soft''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'softness' in WordNet: 1. (2) softness - (the property of giving little resistance to pressure and being easily cut or molded)`
Super-classes	Consistence^c
Sub-classes	Compressibility^c

Software^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Software`
Description	''Software'' is the collective term for ''ComputerProgram''s of any type. This is treated in COSMO as a Group of ''ComputerPrograms'', which can also refer to a single .''ComputerProgram''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'software' in WordNet: 1. software, software program, computer software, software system, software package, package - ((computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory; 'the market for software is expected to expand')`
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c Group^c ComputerProgram^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ComputerProgram^c

SoftwareAgent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoftwareAgent

Description

A SoftwareAgent is a ComputerProgram designed to function as an Agent, i.e. to perform functions and make decisions beyond routine local processing, without being directed specifically to do such functions by the program user. As with other kinds of Agents, there is a continuum of independence that creates a borderline category between traditional programs ans programs that act as Agents. At a minimum, an Agent must be able to make decisions that depend on data that was not in the computer at the start of the program, i.e., the functions of the SoftwareAgent must depend on access to local or remote sensor data or to data that was acquired, e.g. over a network, after the program was initiated by the user.

 Because a program with this level of independent decision-making can 
 be viewed as having 'intentions', it is classified here as a subtype
 of 'IntentionalAgent'.  However, it is not necessarily an
 IntelligentAgent, since a SoftwareAgent does not necessarily have the
 ability to understand language, even if it has a motivation (usually 
 built-in) and an ability to make decisions.

Super-classes ComputerProgram^c
Artifact-Generic^c
IntentionalAgent^c

Soil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soil`
Description	In Cyc called 'Soil-Generic'. Note that 'Soil' is considered as 'Solid' in COSMO, though it is not rigid. ''Soil''is soft and to some extent granular; it is not necessarily tillable, as desert sand is also ''Soil'' in this type,a and (as per the Wordnet sense 3, though marginally). COSMO note: this type is represented as a PhysicalSubstance, though some uses of 'soil' in language may be interpreted as an Object made of 'Soil' substance. As of rev 1121, no soil 'Object' is yet represented. Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$LandStuff. Each instance of #$Soil-Generic is a portion of earth in which one can (usually) grow plants. Instances of #$Soil-Generic include soils that are part of the top layer of the ground, as well as soils that are processed and sold at lawn and gardening stores. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'soil' in RHW: 1. the portion of the earth's surface consisting of disintegrated rock and humus. Corresponds to senses 2 and 3 of 'soil' and sense 2 of 'earth' and sense 1 of 'dirt' in WordNet; all of these are interpreted as substance, though the parent of WN sense 3 is a physical object: in WordNet: 2. (12) soil, dirt - (the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock) WN 'earth': 2. (20) earth, ground - (the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface; 'they dug into the earth outside the church') 3. (3) land, ground, soil - (material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use); 'the land had never been plowed'; 'good agricultural soil')
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c OpaqueSubstance^c LandStuff^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Granular^c
Sub-classes	Loam^c Clay^c SandySoil^c

SoilDust^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoilDust

Description

Dust composed of small particles of Soil that became suspended in the air

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 , and les often to sense 3, of 'dust' in WordNet:
    1. (42) dust - (fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen 
       that can be blown about in the air; 'the furniture was covered with dust')
    3. dust - (free microscopic particles of solid material;
        'astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains
         measurable amounts of dust')

Super-classes Dust^c

SoilObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoilObject`
Description	A ''SoilObject'' is any quantity of ''Soil'', whether in situ or removed from the Ground, , such as a 'shovelful of dirt'.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Soil^c

SoilTiller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoilTiller`
Description	A Person who tills the soil at some particular time, not necessarily full-time.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tiller' in WordNet: 2. tiller - (someone who tills land (prepares the soil for the planting of crops))`
Super-classes	FarmWorker^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value TillingSoil^c

SoiledClothObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoiledClothObject`
Description	Any ''PieceOfCloth'' suffieciently soiled to be a candidaet for washing. Objects like this often wind up as one item in the 'Laundry'.
Super-classes	DirtyObject^c PieceOfCloth^c

Sojourn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sojourn`
Description	A ''Sojourn'' is a ''RemainingInaLocation'' that is temporary and is the middle subEvent of ''Sojourning''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sojourn' in WordNet: 1. (1) sojourn, visit - (a temporary stay (e.g., as a guest)) WN verb 'sojourn': 1. sojourn - (spend a certain length of time; reside temporarily)`
Super-classes	RemainingInaLocation^c SpendingTime^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value VisitingaPlace^c

Solace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solace`
Description	''Solace'' is a ''MentalComfort'' achieved when the mental pain of loss has lessened to where the grief no longer is a serious constant distraction. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solace' in WordNet: 1. (2) consolation, solace, solacement - (the comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment; "second place was no consolation to him")`
Super-classes	MentalComfort^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Worry^c

SolanaceousVegetable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolanaceousVegetable`
Description	Each ''SolanaceousVegetable'' is a ''Fruit'' (an object) derived from a ''Vegetable-Plant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solanaceous vegetable' in WordNet: 1. solanaceous vegetable - (any of several fruits of plants of the family Solanaceae; especially of the genera Solanum, Capsicum, and Lycopersicon)`
Super-classes	Fruit^c VegetableFoodObject^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Vegetable-Plant^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Vegetable-Food^c
Sub-classes	Pepper^c Eggplant^c Potato^c

Solar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solar

Description

''Solar'' refers to the Earth's sun (''Sol'') and associated things like solar energy.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'solar' in WordNet:
            1. (4) solar - (relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing 
               the energies of the sun; 'solar eclipse'; 'solar energy')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SolarCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolarCell`
Description	A ''SolarCell'' consumes SolarEnergy and produces ''Electricity''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solar cell' in WordNet: 1. solar cell, photovoltaic cell - (a cell that converts solar energy into electrical energy)`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c Transducer^c ElectricalDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value SolarEnergy^c isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce^op value Electricity^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity^c hasDesignFunction^op value ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity^c requiresResource^op value SunLight^c

SolarEclipse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolarEclipse`
Description	A ''SolarEclipse'' is a 'BlockingEclipse'' in which the ''EarthsMoon'' moves between the Earth and the Sun (''Sol''), blocking the view of the whole sun (total eclipse) or part of the sun (partial eclipse) from the Earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solar eclipse' in WordNet: 1. solar eclipse - (the moon interrupts light from the sun)`
Super-classes	BlockingEclipse^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsMoon^c prevents^op value ViewingTheSun^c

SolarEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolarEnergy`
Description	''SolarEnergy'' is the ''LightEnergy'' contained in radiation from the Sun, or more generally, from any ''Star''. `This can be transformed into ''Electricity'' in ''SolarCell''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solar energy' in WordNet: 1. solar energy, solar power - (energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy; 'the amount of energy falling on the earth is given by the solar constant, but very little use has been made of solar energy')`
Super-classes	LightEnergy^c RenewableEnergy^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op value SunLight^c

SolarPanel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolarPanel`
Description	Device consisting of an array of photovoltaic cells, designed to produce electrical current when illuminated by sunlight. Since sigle solar cells often do not produce enough current to power devices, they are arrnaged in panels. The current produced by an array is a linear function of the number of cells. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solar panel' in WordNet: 1. solar array, solar battery, solar panel - (electrical device consisting of a large array of connected solar cells)`
Super-classes	ElectricalComponent^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op value SolarEnergy^c hasComponentPart^op value SolarCell^c isDesignedToProduce^op value ElectricCurrent^c

SolarPlanet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolarPlanet`
Description	Any planet orbiting our sun Sol, including Earth. 'The Nine Planets' (now considered technically as only eight). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'planet' in WordNet: 1. (21) planet, major planet - ((astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in order of their proximity to the sun; viewed from the constellation Hercules, all the planets rotate around the sun in a counterclockwise direction)`
Super-classes	Planet-Generic^c
Restrictions	orbits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c
Sub-classes	NonEarthSolarPlanet^c

Solder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solder`
Description	A bonding material consisting of an ''Alloy'' used to make connections between two metal objects, such as between parts of an electronic circuit, or in jewelry. `'Solder'' is used to make a 'Connection-Physical'' and in so doing, it forms part of the connection. @ToDo: define 'soldering'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solder' in WordNet: 1. (1) solder - (an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces)`
Super-classes	BondingMaterial^c Alloy^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMake^op value Connection-Physical^c

SolderConnection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolderConnection`
Description	Each ''SolderConnection' is a connecting part (Connection-Physical) of some metal parts of an object having metal parts that were joined from two or more separated parts by ''Soldering'' . This type only represents the part of the object that is the actual connection, consisting of the solidified ''Solder'' that was applied and melted to make the connection. `The edges of the connection may not be well-defined and may overlap the connected parts, therefore this type is a subtype of 'PartAsaRegion'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'weld' in WordNet: 3. weld - (a metal joint formed by softening with heat and fusing or hammering together)`
Super-classes	PartAsaRegion^c Connection-Physical^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Solder^c isProducedByEventType^op value Soldering^c

Soldering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soldering`
Description	Each ''Soldering'' is an Action in which two metallic objects are connected together by placing the edges in contact, and heating some quantity of ''Solder'' so that it melts and flows in the narrow space between the two objects, and solidifies there, creating a ''Connection'Physical''.
Super-classes	AttachmentEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value SolderConnection^c

Soldier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soldier`
Description	An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$MilitaryPerson. Each instance of #$Soldier is a person who serves in some military organization that operates primarily or exclusively on land (as opposed to on the water or in the air). `COSMO note: this is for members of the ''Army''. Members of the Navy, AirFore, Marines, or CoastGuard are referred to by different terms. SUMO: The class of 'SkilledWorker's which involve serving in the armed forces of a Nation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soldier' in WordNet: 1. (166) soldier - (an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army; 'the soldiers stood at attention')`
Super-classes	SkilledWorker^c Warrior^c MilitaryPerson^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value Army^c
Sub-classes	MilitaryOrderly^c Cavalryman^c Sergeant^c Paratrooper^c Gendarme^c Lieutenant^c PrivateFirstClass^c HorsebackCavalryman^c Peacekeeper^c Corporal^c Infantryman^c UnitedSatesSoldier^c

Sole^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sole

Description

''Sole'' is a property of something that is not shared with other people.

      For the sense of 'sole' in 'sole proprietor' use ''Only''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exclusive' and
           sense 2 of 'undivided' in WordNet:
           1. (6) exclusive, sole - (not divided or shared with others;
             'they have exclusive use of the machine'; 'sole rights of publication')
         WN adj'undivided:
           2. undivided - (not shared by or among others; 'undivided responsibility')

Super-classes Restricted^c

Solemn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solemn

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing ''Solemnity'', as when taking an Oath..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'solemn' in WordNet:
         1. (2) grave, sedate, sober, solemn - (dignified and somber in manner 
           or character and committed to keeping promises;
           'a grave God-fearing man'; 'a quiet sedate nature'; 'as sober as a judge'; 
           'a solemn promise'; 'the judge was solemn as he pronounced sentence')

Super-classes Somber^c

Solemnity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solemnity

Description

Feeling of impressive gravity, as if weighed down by deep thought or important work. Not light or frivolous, but serious.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'solemnity' in Wordnet:
          2. gravity, solemnity - (a solemn and dignified feeling)

Super-classes Feeling^c

Solemnly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solemnly

Description

''Solemnly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify ''HumanActivity''s to asert that they are performed in a ''Solemn'' manner.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'solemnly' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) solemnly - (in a grave and sedate manner; 'the judge sat there solemnly')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

SolicitationOfMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolicitationOfMoney`
Description	''SolicitationOfMoney'' is a ''Requesting'' for donations of ''Money'' for some person, Group,or Organization (or a cause?). The thing solicited is not necessarily money or money equivalent, despite the label - donations 'in kind' (e.g. used clothing) may be solicited. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'solicitation' in WordNet: 2. (1) solicitation, appeal, collection, ingathering - (request for a sum of money; 'an appeal to raise money for starving children') WN verb 'solicit': 1. (4) solicit, beg, tap - (make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently; 'Henry IV solicited the Pope for a divorce'; 'My neighbor keeps soliciting money for different charities')`
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Restrictions	hasThingRequested^op some Donation^c

SolicitingBusiness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolicitingBusiness

Description

''SolicitingBusiness is to offer commercial products or services by direct contact (in person or by telephone) with a potential customer.

      For 'soliciting' money for charity use ''SolicitationOfMoney''.

      NOTE the closest WN sense of 'solicit;' is sense 5, but more specific
         is sense 6 in RHW: 
           6. to solicit orders or trade, as for a business: 
           No soliciting allowed in this building.

        Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'solicit' in WordNet:
          5. solicit - (make a solicitation or petition for something desired;
            'She is too shy to solicit')

Super-classes OfferingForSale^c
MarketingActivity^c

Solicitor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solicitor

Description

An ''Solicitor'' is a British ''Lawyer'' who does not represent clients in court cases.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'solicitor' in WordNet:
         2. solicitor - (a British lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents)

Super-classes BritishPerson^c
Lawyer^c

Solid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solid`
Description	The QualitativeAttributeValue of objects that are not liquid or gaseous - when this is asserted of self-connected (not granular) objects, it means that they have a definite volume and hold their shape with at most 30% deformation in Earth's gravitational field. Compare this with 'SemiSolid'. Note that 'Soil' is considered 'Solid' even though it is often granular. This is a borderline case. 'Solid' also describes granular meterial that may flow like liquids In Cyc a similar concept is called 'NonFluidlike', but in Cyc it is an Object (not an AttributeValue), and the degree of rigidity is not clear: Cyc: The subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible whose instances are not like fluids. #$NonFluidlike objects do not flow and have an intrinsic shape. #$NonFluidlike is primarily a collection union of #$SolidTangibleThing and #$SemiSolidTangibleThing. It is useful as a genl collection for certain collections whose members can be both #$SolidTangibleThings and #$SemiSolidTangibleThings, like #$Deformable. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'solid' in WordNet, but it is not clear if Wordnet intended to include granular materials, which are included in this type: in WordNet: 1. (12) solid - (of definite shape and volume; firm; neither liquid nor gaseous; 'ice is water in the solid state')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Brittle^c Crystalline^c Tapered^c Dried^c Firm^c Deformable^c PointyEnded^c Soft^c Absorbent^c Layered^c Fibrous^c Leathery^c Granular^c Prescribed^c Jellied^c

Solid-Substantial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solid-Substantial

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 7 of 'solid' in Wordnet:
           7. (1) solid, strong, substantial - (of good quality and condition; solidly built;
              'a solid foundation'; 'several substantial timber buildings')

Super-classes High-Quality^c
Strong^c

SolidAngleMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidAngleMeasure`
Description	The value of an angle in a solid.
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Steradian^c

SolidAnimalMatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidAnimalMatter`
Description	All pieces of solid animal material.
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Ivory^c Wool^c MuscleTissue^c

SolidBodySubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidBodySubstance`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solid body substance' in WordNet: 1. solid body substance - (the solid parts of the body)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c BodySubstance^c
Sub-classes	ToothEnamel^c

SolidColored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidColored

Description

''SolidColored'' is the Attribute of an object whose color is the same over the whole of the surface being characterized, as contrasted with a subtype of ''Patterned'' surface in which different colors are present on the surface in some describable pattern.

       NOTE that a Cloth that is ''SolidColored'' but has a surface texture
         can be classified as ''Patterned'' but not as any of the subtypes
         of ''Patterned''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-colored' in Wordnet:
         1. solid, self-colored, self-coloured - (of the same color throughout; 'solid color')

Super-classes Plain^c
SurfaceAttributeValue^c
Colored^c

SolidFoam^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidFoam

Description

This is for the 'Foam' that is solid, whether soft like a foam pillow or semi-rigid like styrofoam. The included ''Gas'' is usually ''Air'', but this type does not restrict it, as other gases could be used.

      These are represented as having a density less than that of ''Water'',
        labeled ''LightDensity'' and having  a density measure ''LessThan_1''.

      NOTE: this seems to be the intended meaning of the CYC  ''Foam'' class:            
       CYC:  The collection of all foam.  Foam is a
        lightweight, opaque  semi-solid substance.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'foam' in WordNet:
          2. (1) foam - (a lightweight material in cellular form; 
             made by introducing gas bubbles during manufacture)

Super-classes SolidSubstance^c

SolidFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidFood`
Description	This is the subcollection of #$Food that is normally in a #$Solid-StateOfMatter when eaten. `@ToDo: should this be a Role? Corresponds to noun sense 2 (solid) of 'food' in WordNet: 2. food, solid food - (any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment; 'food and drink')`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c Food^c
Sub-classes	CoarseMeal^c MeatMixture^c ConvenienceFood^c ChickenMeat^c FrozenDessertFood^c IceCream^c Fish-TheFood^c Meat^c ScrambledEggs^c Pasta^c Seafood^c Chocolate^c Vegetable-Food^c CruciferousVegetable^c

SolidFoodArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidFoodArtifact`
Description
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c SolidFoodObject^c
Sub-classes	Pie^c GingerbreadCake^c Dumpling^c Noodle^c Pretzel^c Cookie^c LeavenedFoodObject^c SliceOfPie^c Shortcake^c ShortcakeBiscuit^c GranolaBar^c Sandwich^c SausageObject^c PreparedFood^c SnackFood^c Scone^c PieCrust^c SweetTastingObject^c Cracker^c

SolidFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidFoodObject`
Description	This is the subcollection of #$Food that is normally in a #$Solid-StateOfMatter when eaten.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c FoodObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SolidFood^c
Sub-classes	TakeOutFoodObject^c Food-ReadyToEat^c Souffle^c FishFilet^c EthnicFoodObject^c SweetPotato^c DriedFruitObject^c MeatObject^c Eggplant^c FrozenDessertObject^c FingerFood^c FruitOrVegetableObject^c Potato^c SolidFoodArtifact^c Salad^c FoodPatty^c FlourBasedObject^c PastryItem^c MexicanFoodObject^c BreadObject^c EdibleNut^c BakedFoodObject^c

SolidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidObject`
Description	A SolidObject is a PhysicalObject that retains its shape with less than 30% distortion in any one dimension when placed on a surface in air or in water in Earth's gravitational field. This means that reasonably solid but compressible gels qualify as SolidObjects. For objects that are not soft like gels, use the attribute 'Hard'; For single self-connected objects (''WholeObject''s), rather than granular objects, that are less distortable than gels, use 'RigidObject'. `NOTE that a SolidObject does not have to be rigid. All Organisms are SolidObjects, even jellyfish. To be solid, and object may distort, but cannot flow as a liquid or disperse as a gas. there is no exact Wordnet equivalent, the closest being part of sense 3: 3. solid - (a three-dimensional shape) But that sense seems to include abstract objects, which are not included in this sense.`
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Solid^c
Sub-classes	GallStone^c StoneObject-Natural^c Fomite^c Bead^c MetalObject^c Paste-Up^c Marble^c FallingObject^c GlassObject^c BoardOrBlock^c OceanIce^c EdibleObject^c Facility-Generic^c FingerSizedObject^c Lens^c Pump-Generic^c DirtyObject^c SphericalObject^c ArtifactStem^c Grain^c PlanetarySatellite^c Lump^c Icicle^c Hoodoo^c Tent^c LymphaticSystem^c Pupil-EyePart^c SmallSupportingStand^c Implement^c Horn^c PieceOfTrash^c PorousObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c Hand-RenderedImage^c LimpObject^c CylindricalObject^c TrashItems^c SoilObject^c CubeShapedObject^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c LymphNode^c Tile^c Ceiling^c HolderGripper^c Tube^c Glacier^c Ravelings^c PavedSurface^c Connector^c AnatomicalStructure^c TwoDimensionalSolidObject^c Neuron^c PelletSizedObject^c OpticalPrism^c BraidedObject^c PieceOfRubble^c PieceOfWood^c GroupOfFeathers^c SunkenObject^c StoneArtifact^c WoodenObject^c FlatToppedObject^c BodyPart^c MulchLayer^c Swivel^c SupportingStructure^c ArtifactBase^c Reminder^c LongAndThinThing^c Freckle^c Floater^c LongSheet^c DryObject^c PaperObject^c StoneObject^c NonPortableObject^c Speck^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c PortalCovering^c TubularObject^c Organ^c TreeBark^c IceCube^c Pellet^c BandShapedObject^c SheetArtifact^c Crust^c PortableCarrier^c Growth^c AbsorbentObject^c Cylinder^c DefensiveStructure^c ContainerArtifact^c HairlikeFiber^c Landmark^c ArchObject^c PointyEndedObject^c FlowController^c Jaw^c MalleableObject^c PlantPart^c HingedObject^c CrystallineObject^c SugarCube^c Withers^c Corner-2or3d^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c SnakeDevice^c Magnet^c BulbousObject^c CompressibleObject^c WallBoard^c Device^c RealEstate^c SolidFoodObject^c Cell^c HeavyObject^c LightObject^c SmoothObject^c ArtObject^c ProtectiveObject^c LandArea^c BarOfStuff^c Scale-AnimalBodyPart^c MoistObject^c Panel^c Balcony^c WearableItem^c Muzzle^c ShapedObject^c CirculatorySystem^c Fetus^c Raveling^c Hunk^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c CircularObject^c Picture^c RigidObject^c Plumage^c Maze^c SpongyObject^c TransparentPlate^c DurableGood^c SpoolableObject^c GroundOrFloor^c Icicles^c LeatherObject^c PortableObject^c CometHead^c Disk^c Armpit^c Grating^c FragmentGroup^c Connection-Physical^c TwoProngs^c Particle^c Ferrule^c MineralVein^c SheetOfMetal^c Skin^c FibrousObject^c SmallObject^c IceCap^c FluidConduit^c DriedBloodObject^c MarbleSizedObject^c Heart^c Roof^c FlatBottomedObject^c AnimalArtifact^c FlatPlate^c Curio^c InscribedObject^c CoiledObject^c Lens-Artificial^c CrushedObject^c ContainedObject^c Embryo^c LifeForm^c BendableObject^c Pivot^c
In domain of	isSuspendedFrom^op isFlexiblySuspendedFrom^op hasHeightInMeters^dp hasHeight^op hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters^dp
In range of	isSuspendedFrom^op isFlexiblySuspendedFrom^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth

SolidObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidObjectType`
Description	''SolidObjectType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''SolidObject''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ''SolidObject'' types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	PhysicalObjectType^c
Sub-classes	ThreadType^c BarOrWireType^c GemstoneType^c FoodObjectType^c
Members	Sheath BambooShoot LightObject StyrofoamPeanut SurfaceSpike MagnetArtifact Shaft U-ShapedObject OuterEdge GallStone PictureFrame Planet-Generic Prong Spoke TwoProngs Slat BambooCane TwoPalletProngs InscribedObject Palate WallBracket TwoDimensionalSolidObject RigidColumn WideBrim CottonBoll Spike Projection Tine SanitaryLandfill WeightArtifact RayonFiber BrokenStoneObject Skin Brim RectangularPictureFrame Eaves Strip PalateBone Carafe KnifeEdge MainLine OrganismSheath HingedObject Magnet Visor EdgeOnObject Overhang WindowFrame Landfill GarbageDump FruitPeel Pebble Topaz-Gem Rod MetalStrip CheckForm Lamppost Padlock WeightDevice LaneOfRoadway MetalRod

SolidSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidSubstance`
Description	COSMO note: In Cyc, this was 'SolidTangibleThing', a collection of objects. In COSMO, we rename and repurpose this category to be a solid substance, with subtypes that are substances that are solid at normal temperature and pressure. NOTE that to be solid only requires that a substance not be able to pour like a liquid or diffuse like a gas. Various semisolid substances, such as animal 'Tissue' are classified as 'solid' in COSMO. Cyc comment: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$SolidTangibleThing is a piece of stuff possessing many of the properties that matter in a solid state (see the constant #$Solid-StateOfMatter) exhibits (although not all instances of #$SolidTangibleThing are formally in a solid state). Instances have a shape independent from their container, and, when deformed with sufficient force (which may be small for weak, brittle materials or high for materials that deform easily), they break. Examples of #$SolidTangibleThings include: pieces of substances in a solid state of matter, such as ice cubes; solid mixtures like a quarter-dollar coin or a paper bag; and complex mixtures of biological origin that behave like solids, e.g., bone. Note that some pieces of matter that are formally in a solid state (for example, pieces of clay) are not instances of #$SolidTangibleThing, since they do not readily break when deformed; for this reason, #$Solid-StateOfMatter is _not_ a specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Collections of the solid form of any type of stuff can be created using #$SolidFn (q.v.). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'solid' in WordNet: 1. (66) solid - (a substance that is solid at room temperature and pressure)
Super-classes	SubstanceByState^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Solid^c
Sub-classes	TurquoiseStuff^c Sandpaper^c Fullerene^c ConstructionMaterialType^c InorganicMaterial^c Cheese^c ShellSubstance^c Ice^c FiberGlass^c Arsenic^c Apatite^c Sodium^c Soil^c Dreadlocks^c Plagioclase^c Potassium^c Precipitate^c DriedBlood^c Mulch^c FibrousSubstance^c SolidFood^c RayonStuff^c Pyrite^c AbrasiveMaterial^c Leather^c DryIce^c Tissue^c Cork^c Rubber^c Ore^c Cerium^c Strontium^c SolidBodySubstance^c Mineral^c Coal^c InformationStorageMedia^c Polyethylene^c Feces^c Denim^c Roe^c FoodThickener^c Solvate^c Nylon^c Graphite^c Wax^c WireStuff^c Ashes^c Silicon^c Rubidium^c LandStuff^c CrystallineSubstance^c Praseodymium^c SolidAnimalMatter^c GranularSubstance^c Potash^c Trash^c Rennet^c Paint-dried^c Candy^c CoralStuff^c Wood^c BrittleSubstance^c Alloy^c FrothStuff^c Semiconductor^c CompressibleSubstance^c Yttrium^c Zirconium^c Asphalt^c SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c Canvas^c Biosolids^c FlooringMaterial^c Chlorite^c SolidFoam^c Selenium^c StructuralSupportStuff^c WavyHair^c Vinyl^c Glass^c Muscovite-Mineral^c Charcoal^c

SolidSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidSubstanceType`
Description	'SolidSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'SolidSubstance' and other entities..
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	GranularSubstanceType^c StoneType^c SubstanceShapeType^c PlasticType^c
In domain of	hasHardnessInMohs^dp
Members	StructuralSupportStuff Silt WavyHair Chestnut BoricAcid CoarseMeal FibrousSubstance CoveringMaterial Coal Caviar PillowStuffing Loam MeatMixture Pyrite Stone Topaz MilkCurd Charcoal Plaid Jadeite ClothOrPaper Siderite DownFeathers Rubber Sandpaper TurquoiseStuff Boron Fullerene BiomassAsFuel ConstructionMaterialType Felt Agate AnimalTissue BambooWood Serpentine Spaghetti Eyelash Beryllium Beryl TeaLeaves Soil Dreadlocks Mica Biotite Chalcopyrite Hardwood Bismuth Mulch Zircon Asbestos Alabaster Chlorite Firewood StoneOrCoral AbrasiveMaterial Macaroni Tissue Paint-dried Ginger Halite Wood Silicon DiamondSubstance Muscovite-Mineral HeadHair PonyTail Plaster CoralStuff Plastic Cuprite TakeoutFood Scheelite LandStuff Styrofoam Alloy Malachite Fish-TheFood Cartilage Buckyballs Quartz Anthracite InformationStorageMedia Basil BituminousCoal Potash Mineral ConvenienceFood Molybdenite Velveteen MetalOrPlastic Magnetite Nanotubes CypressWood Biosolids EmeraldStuff Olivine HairDo MetalOre ShreddedWheat Rosemary Hail Chalcedony Turf Plywood CaramelizedSugar Porridge Chives Pasta Padding FlockedFabric SolidFoam Polonium Precipitate Hair TVdinner PlantTissue Seafood Chocolate SesameSeeds Lignite Glass SubstanceInaSpecificShape Frost Dolomite Barite Wax Granite CedarWood Cassiterite ChestnutWood CrystallineSubstance SolidAnimalMatter Oilcloth Gesso PureQuartz Calcite Cinnabar Galena Calamine Grout IronOre Trash ShellSubstance Ice HumanHair Apatite SandySoil MagneticTapeStuff Baryte Oatmeal ThermoplasticSubstance TenderloinOfBeef BrittleSubstance Limonite Feldspar Plagioclase Beeswax Vegetable-Food Hematite Semiconductor DriedBlood VascularTissue CompressibleSubstance Thyme CrewCut Selenite Corundum Borax SolidFood Roe CruciferousVegetable ColdCereal HerbSeasoning SolidSubstance Gypsum Solvate Graphite DryIce Parsley Linoleum Cork Velvet WireStuff Ashes Xylem Ore Meat GemStuff HairCut

SolidSurfacePathThroughAir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidSurfacePathThroughAir`
Description	CYC: The collection of all existing or designated #$Path-Spatials that pass through air along a solid surface. An object following such a path is immersed in the air but supported by the solid surface of the path. To refer to a pure trajectory of the motion, regardless of whether there is any pre-existing or pre-designated #$Path-Spatial, see #$SolidSurfaceTrajectoryThroughAir.
Super-classes	Path-Spatial^c Path-Physical^c
Sub-classes	Ramp^c Bridge^c

SolidTangibleArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidTangibleArtifact`
Description	A specialization of both #$PartiallyTangibleProduct and #$SolidTangibleThing . Each instance of #$SolidTangibleArtifact is a partially tangible product that is also a solid. Instances include both solid objects (for example, instances of the collection #$Automobile) as well as portions of stuff in solid form (for example, instances of the collection #$Cloth). Note that items that are always sold as part of something else (for example, the instances of #$DiskSector) are not instances of #$SolidTangibleArtifact.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Tableware^c Model-Artifact^c Platform^c Wheel^c CricketEquipment^c StyrofoamPeanut^c CeramicObject^c AntiqueObject^c PadOfPaper^c Ski^c WaterSki^c Runner^c SupportingObject^c DefenseSystem^c Package^c LampShade^c Screen^c Puzzle-TangibleProduct^c StillImage^c Casting^c Shelter^c Maze^c PieceOfCloth^c ImageCopy^c BasketballNet^c WorkedObject^c ChocolateBonBon^c

Solidarity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solidarity`
Description	''Solidarity'' is a ''Loyalty'' directed at some ''InterestGroup'' of which a Person is a member. The 'InterestGroup''could be an Organization such as a ''LaborUnion'' or a Club. `This Feeling creates a bond (which can be weak) among the members of the Group, and may be focused on some specific topic (an 'interest') shared by other members of the Group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solidarity' in WordNet: 1. (5) solidarity - (a union of interests or purposes or sympathies among members of a group)`
Super-classes	Loyalty^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value InterestGroupMember^c isDirectedToward^op value InterestGroup^c

Solidification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solidification`
Description	An Event in which a substance changes from a liquid or gaseous form to a solid form, whether due to Freezing, or to some congealing such as for concrete, glue, cement, a gel, or other congealing process. For freezing liquids by lowering the temperature, use 'Freezing' Includes both transitive and intransitive senses 1 and 2 of 'solidify', and noun sense 1 of 'solidification' in WordNet: 1. solidify - (make solid or more solid; cause to solidify) 2. solidify - (become solid; 'The metal solidified when it cooled') WN noun 'solidification': 1. hardening, solidifying, solidification, set, curing - (the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization; 'the hardening of concrete'; 'he tested the set of the glue')
Super-classes	StateChange^c Hardening^c
Restrictions	produces^op value SolidObject^c subjectBecomes^op value Solid^c
Sub-classes	Freezing^c

SolidifyingSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolidifyingSubstance`
Description	SolidifyingSubstance is a PhysicalSubstance that starts out as a liquid and congeals into a solid, by a process other than Freezing (due to low temperature). It may be natural (amber) or artificial (glue, concrete). It may be encountered at room temperature as either liquid or solid.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Sealant^c Concrete^c

Solidly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solidly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'solidly' in Wordnet: 2. (1) solidly - (with strength and soundness; 'a solidly built house')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Soliloquy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soliloquy`
Description	A ''Soliloquy'' is a ''Monologue'' that is not part of a conversation,but someone speaking to him/herself. `The 'dramatic speech' sense 2 should be a subtype. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'soliloquy' in WordNet: 1. soliloquy, monologue - (speech you make to yourself) 2. soliloquy - (a (usually long) dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections)`
Super-classes	Monologue^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedAudience^op some Self^c

Solitude^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solitude`
Description	This ''Solitude'' is a general type of state in which a Person is ''Alone'' for any length of time. For being alone for some extended time, whether voluntary or forced, use ''Isolation''. `For the feeling of solitude (loneliness) see 'Loneliness'. Cyc: The state of being alone or remote from society In WordNet this is sense 1 of 'solitude': in WordNet: solitude, purdah - (a state of social isolation)`
Super-classes	SocialState^c Isolation^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Alone^c

SoloMusicalPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoloMusicalPerformance`
Description	A ''SoloMusicalPerformance'' is a ''MusicalPerformance'' perfromed by a single performer. This can be part of a larger ''MusicalPerformance'' such as a ''Concerto'' or a solo Aria from an Opera.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'solo' (for music) in WordNet: 1. (1) solo - (any activity that is performed alone without assistance)`
Super-classes	SoloPerformance^c MusicalPerformance^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value Music^c

SoloPerformance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoloPerformance`
Description	A ''SoloPerformance'' is a ''Performance'' (''PerformingInFrontOfGroup'') executed by one person in some time interval (which can be interpolated among other actions by more than one person, such as a solo riff dring a group musical performance). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solo' in WordNet: 1. (1) solo - (any activity that is performed alone without assistance)`
Super-classes	Performance^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op max 1
Sub-classes	SoloMusicalPerformance^c

Solstice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solstice`
Description	A specialization of #$QualitativeTimeOfYear. Each instance of #$Solstice is an event during which the sun is at its greatest distance north or south of the celestial equator. Each instance of #$Solstice occurs during an instance of #$SolsticeDay (q.v.). One solstice occurs annually about June 21 (see #$JuneSolstice), and another occurs annually about December 21 (see #$DecemberSolstice). `NOTE: this ''Solstice'' is the ''Event'' in which the Earth passes throgh a point in its orbit where the apparent angle of the sun reaches a maximum, either North or South of the Equator. This occurs during ''SolsticeTime'', a time of the Year that extends for some unspecified interval before and after the time point of the maximum sun angle.`
Super-classes	AstronomicalEvent^c
Restrictions	occurredWithinTimeInterval^op value SolsticeTime^c hadMainParticipant^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c occurredInTimeInterval^op value SolsticeDay^c occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c hadChangedEntity^op value SeasonOfYear^c hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwicePerYear^c

SolsticeDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolsticeDay`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$QualitativeTimeOfYear. Each instance of #$Solstice is an event during which the sun is at its greatest distance north or south of the celestial equator. Each instance of #$Solstice occurs during an instance of #$SolsticeDay (q.v.). One solstice occurs annually about June 21 (see #$JuneSolstice), and another occurs annually about December 21 (see #$DecemberSolstice). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solstice' in WordNet: 1. solstice - (either of the two times of the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator)`
Super-classes	DayOfTheYear^c
Restrictions	isWithinTimeInterval^op value SolsticeTime^c hasEventType^op value Solstice^c isTheTimeOfEvent^op value Solstice^c
Sub-classes	SummerSolstice^c

SolsticeTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolsticeTime`
Description	''SolsticeTime'' is the ''CosmicTime'' during which a ''Solstice'' occurs, when the Earth passes through a point in its orbit around the Sun when the angle of the sun is at a maximum with respect to the vertical, i.e..closest to the horizon, or at a minimum, i.e. farthest from the horizon. This occurs twice a year, At any given point on Earth, during the summer solstice or winter solstice. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solstice' in WordNet: 1. solstice - (either of the two times of the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator)`
Super-classes	CosmicTime^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalPart^op value SolsticeDay^c isTheTimeOfEvent^op value Solstice^c

SolubilityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolubilityValue`
Description	Each 'SolubilityValue' is a value representing the limit of solubility of some PhysicalSubstance in some solvent, at some temperature and pressure. It is represented as an OrderedQuartet in which the first element is a Ratio (of the solute to solvent), the second element is the units, the third element is the solvent, and the fourth element is the TemperatureMeasure at which the solubility applies. A solubility may also depend on pressure, and the assumption for this type is that the pressure is normal atmospheric pressure: 760 mm Hg. A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Solubility describes how readily some tangible substance dissolves in some kind of liquid. Different levels of #$Solubility may be represented with #$GenericValueFunctions or qualitatively (e.g., #$WillDissolve, #$Insoluble). NOTE that the 'SoluteSolventUnit' is required because solubilities are expressed in various ways: grams of solute per gram of solvent in the saturated solution ('MassSolutePerMassOfSolvent'); grams of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent ('GramsSolutePerLiterOfSolvent'); grams of solute that will be dissolved at saturation in a given volume of solution ('GramsSolutePerLiterOfSolution'); or moles of solute per mole of solvent in the saturated solution ('MolesSolutePerMoleOfSolvent') - this last requires that the solute and solvent be chemically defined substances (e.g. it cannot be gasoline, a mixture of hydrocarbons to use that unit). The same instance of 'SolubilityValue' at some temperature may apply to more than one substance, if the numerical value is not highly precise. This will be true for example if lower limits of solubility are recorded for multiple poorly soluble substances in the same data set. To conveniently relate a PhysicalSubstance to a set of solubilities depending on temperature, use the more compact representation 'SolubilityTable'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'solubility' in WordNet: 2. (2) solubility - (the quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent (yielding a saturated solution))
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c OrderedQuartet^c
Restrictions	atTemperature^op some TemperatureMeasure^c inSolvent^op some SubstanceType^c hasFirstElement^op some Ratio^c hasUnit^op some SoluteSolventUnit^c
In range of	hasSolubilityLimit^op

Soluble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soluble`
Description	Soluble is an attribute of PhysicalSubstances that means that at least 3 grams of the substance will dissolve in 100 ml of water. This 'soluble' is specifically for water, and has the common-sense meaning that, if one had a small quantity of a pwdery substance and wanted to wash it away, rinsing with water will do the job fairly quickly. The quantitative attribute 'ConcentrationMeasure' specifies the actual amount of solute in each volume of solution, and is related to a solution by the relation 'hasConcentration'. `NOTE: in this qualitative classification, 'Insoluble' means a solubility of less than 0.1 gram per 100 ml, and 'PartlySoluble' means between 0.1 and 3 grams per 100 ml.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soluble' in WordNet: 1. (5) soluble - ((of a substance) capable of being dissolved in some solvent (usually water))`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	WaterSoluble^c

Solute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solute`
Description	A Solute is the PhysicalSubstance that is dissolved in the Solvent in a Solution. A Solute may be a solid or a liquid at the ambient temperature in the Situation being represented. A Solution of a Solute that is a solid at the ambient temperature will be liquid only because the Solvent is liquid at that temperature. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solute' in WordNet: 1. (74) solute - (the dissolved substance in a solution; the component of a solution that changes its state)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op some Solution^c
Sub-classes	BloodOxygen^c

SoluteSolventUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoluteSolventUnit`
Description	A 'SoluteSolventUnit' is a specialized UnitOfMeasure to express the way that ratios of substances in solution may be calculated. The ratio instances may be mass solute/mass solvent ('MassPerMass') mass solute per volume solvent ('MassPerVolumeSolvent'), mass solute per volume solution ('MassPerVolumeSolution'); or moles solute per mole solvent ('MolesPerMoleSolvent').
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassPerVolumeSolvent http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MolesPerMoleSolvent http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassPerVolumeSolution http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MassPerMass

SoluteType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoluteType`
Description	'SoluteType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Solute' and other entities.
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op some SolutionType^c

Solution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solution`
Description	A liquid mixture (solid 'solutions' are not reified here at this point (rev1679) but the subtype ''LiquidSolution'' has an identiacal meaning, and this type may be repurposed to include 'solid solutions', which are contempated but not explicit in WN and CYC). The most abundant component in a solution is called the solvent. Other components are called solutes. A solution, though homogeneous, may nonetheless have variable composition, as a liquid solution may be layered if not well-mixed. Any amount of salt, up to a maximum solubility limit, can be dissolved in a given amount of water to form a Solution. NOTE that the dissolved material must be mentioned, as the value for the relation 'hasSolute'. NOTE: CYC distinguishes a 'Solution' (fluid) from a 'LiquidSolution' (liquid) - perhaps need to represent frozen solutions?? or solid solutions?? `NOTE: ToDo: the restrictions do not capture the proper semantics, and need to be converted to FOL axioms when possible. The 'mainComponentSubstance' should be a liquid that has the Role of Solvent in this solution.` Cyc comment (modified): An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$Mixture. Each instance of #$Solution is a mixture of two or more chemically distinct substances, the Solvent (a liquid) and the Solute. Instances of #$Solution are homogeneous, meaning that the composition at any one point in a given instance is the same as that at any other point (for 'points' having a volume larger than the grain size). In contrast, instances of #$Suspension are mixtures in which small discontinuous solid particles are surrounded by a continuous fluid. The #$solvent of every #$Solution has the #$stateOfMatter #$Liquid-StateOfMatter. Thus #$Solutions also normally exhibit the properties of a liquid, since #$solvents are #$mainConstituents. Examples of #$Solutions include a sample of seawater, a cup of coffee, a tincture of iodine, some vanilla extract. In some rare cases a Solute may have a higher weight percentage of the Solution than the Solvent. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solution' in WordNet: 1. (131) solution - (a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution; 'he used a solution of peroxide and water')`
Super-classes	HomogeneousThing^c LiquidMixture^c
Restrictions	hasSolute^op some SubstanceType^c partsHaveTypeInCommon^op value PhysicalSubstance^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op some SolventType^c
Sub-classes	Concentrate^c Infusion^c ElectrolyteSolution^c Oil^c AqueousSolution^c Brine^c LiquidSolution^c

SolutionToaProblem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolutionToaProblem`
Description	A 'Solution'' is a ''Conclusion'' that is created by a ''SolvingaProblem'' Action. The '''Solution'' is a ''Proposition'' that describes the answer to the problem, and may be omplex, describing a series of Actions or complex structure that answers the question posed by the ''ProblemToBeSolved''. Solutions have several subtypes. All 3 in WN are includedher,a nnd may be differentated when necessary. Includes noun senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'solution' in WordNet: 2. (8) solution, answer, result, resolution, solvent - (a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; 'they were trying to find a peaceful solution'; 'the answers were in the back of the book'; 'he computed the result to four decimal places') 3. (8) solution - (a method for solving a problem; 'the easy solution is to look it up in the handbook') 4. (6) solution, root - (the set of values that give a true statement when substituted into an equation)
Super-classes	Conclusion^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op some SolvingaProblem^c

SolutionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolutionType`
Description	'SolutionType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Solution' and other entities..
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c MixtureType^c
Members	SurfactantSolution Oil Solution AqueousSolution RadiatorFluid Espresso Water-Saline CarbonatedBeverage ElectroplatingSolution ElectrolyteSolution Infusion AcidicSolution Cappuccino Coffee Concentrate Elixir LitmusSolution0001 Brine

Solvate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solvate`
Description	A 'Solvate' is a 'Substance' formed by a loose association of a solvent with some Substance that is disolved in the Solvent. Rather technical, here only to fill in level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.51). `' a chemical compound formed by the interaction of a solvent and a solute. ' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solvate' in WordNet: 1. solvate - (a compound formed by solvation (the combination of solvent molecules with molecules or ions of the solute))`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c SubstanceRole^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Solvation^c

Solvation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solvation`
Description	A ChemicalInteraction in which a process of dissolving results in a complex (a 'Solvate') between the solvent and the dissolved substance, which is something other than a chemical reaction causing a stable rearrangement of the chemical bonds. `Includes the transitive and intransitive meanings of verb 'solvate' and noun sense 1 of 'solvation' in WordNet: 1. solvate - (cause a solvation in (a substance)) 2. solvate - (undergo solvation or convert into a solvate) WN noun 'solvation': 1. solvation - (a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound)`
Super-classes	DissolvingaSubstance^c ChemicalInteraction^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some Solvent^c hadChangedEntity^op some Solute^c

Solved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solved

Description

NOTE: the WN synset 'solved, resolved' appears to be for problems that have been solved, but that can be mathematical problems or routine matters of how to do an action. The term 'resolved' is used for resolving issues of more than minimal importance.

        Corresponds to part (for ''SolvingaProblem'') of adjective sense 1 of 'solved' in Wordnet:
          1. solved, resolved - (explained or answered; 'mysteries solved and unsolved;
             problems resolved and unresolved')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Solvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Solvent`
Description	A Solvent is a LiquidSubstance that serves to dissolve the Solute in a Solution. A Solution of a Solute that is a solid at the ambient temperature will be liquid only because the Solvent is liquid at that temperature. NOTE that referring to a substance as a 'Solvent' necessarily refers to a situation where that substance is liquid at the ambient temperature and pressure of the situation being described, even though the same substance may be solid or gas at normal temperatures and pressures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solvent' in WordNet: 1. (48) solvent, dissolvent, dissolver, dissolving agent, resolvent - (a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances; 'the solvent does not change its state in forming a solution')
Super-classes	Role^c LiquidSubstance^c Medium^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value DissolvingaSubstance^c isUsedInAction^op value DissolvingSomething^c

SolventType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolventType`
Description	'SolventType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Solvent' and other entities..
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Restrictions	isaComponentSubstanceOf^op some SolutionType^c
Members	Solvent Water

SolvingAnAlgebraEquation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolvingAnAlgebraEquation`
Description	Each '"SolvingAnAlgebraEquation' is an instance of an agent ''SolvingaProblem'' , where the Problem is an ''AlgebraEquation'' (an equation containing variables).
Super-classes	SolvingaProblem^c DoingMath^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some AlgebraEquation^c

SolvingaProblem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolvingaProblem`
Description	''SolvingaProblem'' is a broad subtype of 'Reasoning' that involves several sequential steps: 1) analyzing the problem (''AnalyzingSomething''), leading to: 2) ''Understanding'' the problem,leading to: 3) ''Reasoning'' about the problem, and if successful 4) ''Inferring'' the 5) ''Solution'' - a subtype of ''Conclusion'' and may also include performing some physical actions based on that reasoning. NOTe that this type of Action can include physical actions, not merely mental operations. Thus the subtype ''CarryingOutaTask'' will often be mostly physical actions,but could also consist mostly of mental actions, as when the task (caused by a ProblemSituation) is. e.g., to perform some financial caculations. Example: a ''ProblemToBeSolved'' is how to represent the concept of 'solving a problem'? and the ''Solution'' is this type. NOTE that the ''Inferring'' component is not necessarily a ''Proving'' because there may be no ''Solution'' and there may be steps that are intuitive, not only logical, involved. NOTE that the isAnExecutionOf ProblemSolvingProcedure and causedCreationOf ProblemSolvingProcedure both refer to the same ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' but this identity will require FOL or chained relations to express properly DEBUG note: making ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' a component element of this Group causes a contradiction, in that an ActionGroup can only have Actions, not MentalObjects as elements.and ''SolvingaProblem'' is an ActionGroup. inferred by ''isanExecutionOf relation. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'solve' in WordNet: 1. (31) solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick, work - (find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of; 'did you solve the problem?'; 'Work out your problems with the boss'; 'this unpleasant situation isn't going to work itself out'; 'did you get it?'; 'Did you get my meaning?'; 'He could not work the math problem') 2. (5) resolve, solve - (find the solution; 'solve an equation'; 'solve for x') WN noun 'solution': 5. solution - (the successful action of solving a problem; 'the solution took three hours') WN noun 'resolution': 4. (2) resolution, solving - (finding a solution to a problem) WN noun 'problem solving': 2. problem solving - (the thought processes involved in solving a problem)
Super-classes	Reasoning^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value InferringaProblemSolution^c hasComponentElement^op value KnowingHowToSolveaProblem^c isAnExecutionOf^op value ProblemSolvingProcedure^c causedCreationOf^op value SolutionToaProblem^c hasComponentElement^op value UnderstandingaProblem^c
Sub-classes	SolvingAnAlgebraEquation^c SolvingaPuzzle^c CarryingOutaTask^c

SolvingaPuzzle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolvingaPuzzle`
Description	This ''SolvingaPuzzle'' represents the Action of a Person 'doing a puzzle', which can be a ''Puzzle-TangibleProduct'' or a verbal puzzle, presented in language.
Super-classes	SolvingaProblem^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Entertaining^c hasDirectObject^op value Puzzle-TangibleProduct^c

Somali^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somali

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Somali' in Wordnet:
          1. Somalian, Somali - (of or relating to the African republic of Somalia 
            or its people or their language and culture; 'Somali coffee is excellent')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SomaliPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomaliPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Somali' in WordNet: 1. Somalian, Somali - (a member of a tall dark (mostly Muslim) people inhabiting Somalia)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somalia^c

Somber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somber`
Description	'Somber' is a deeper level of ''Serious'', being an attribute of people or events characterizing the manner in which people behave, specifically behaving as though the thing they are doing is important, and paying attention and not behaving frivolously or treating the action lightly; not lighthearted. @ToDo: this should be divided into an attribute of people and one of events. A Somber event is one where the people behave in a Somber manner. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'somber' in RHW, but closer to 'very serious' rather than 'extremely serious'; WordNet does not include this sense of 'somber': 4. extremely serious; grave: a somber expression on his face. Includes sense 5 and part of adjective sense 1 of 'serious' and sense 4 of 'sober' and and includes sense 1 of 'serious-minded' in WordNet; sense 1 of 'solemn' is represented by the subtype ''Solemn''. in WordNet: WN 'sober': 4. unplayful, serious, sober - (completely lacking in playfulness)
Super-classes	Serious^c
Sub-classes	Solemn^c

Somberness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somberness`
Description	''Somberness'' is the nominalized form of 'Somber' - the quality of being serious as opposed to frivolous; `Includes noun sense 1 of 'somberness' and sense 3 of 'serioousness' in WordNet: 3. graveness, gravity, sobriety, soberness, somberness, sombreness - (a manner that is serious and solemn) WN noun 'seriousness': 3. seriousness, earnestness, serious-mindedness, sincerity - (the trait of being serious; "a lack of solemnity is not necessarily a lack of seriousness " - Robert Rice)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Somber^c

Sombrero^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sombrero`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sombrero' in WordNet: 2. sombrero - (a straw hat with a tall crown and broad brim; worn in American southwest and in Mexico)`
Super-classes	Hat^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value HighCrown^c hasPhysicalPart^op value WideBrim^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value StrawFabric^c

SomeCertain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomeCertain

Description

Closely similar to the instance of determiner 'some', but represented as an AttributeValue rather than as a Word. This AttributeValue modifying some entity implies that there is at least one of the type of entity modified; this is therefore an assertion of the existence of something. It is very similar to the verbal quantifier 'some', and that instance and this type may be unified when the treatment of verbal quantifiers is elaborated in the FOL version: @ToDo.

    Includes Random House Webster Senses of adjective 'some':
     1. being an undetermined or unspecified one: Some person may object.
     2. (used with plural nouns) certain: Some days I stay home.
     3. of a certain unspecified number, amount, degree, etc.: to some extent.
     4. unspecified but considerable in number, amount, degree, etc.: 
        We talked for some time. He was here some weeks.

       Includes most of the adjective sense 1 of 'certain' and
         adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'some' in Wordnet:
          1. (136) certain - (definite but not specified or identified;
            'set aside a certain sum each week'; 'to a certain degree';
            'certain breeds do not make good pets'; 'certain members have not
            paid their dues'; 'a certain popular teacher'; 'a certain Mrs. Jones')
         WN adjective 'some':
           1. (130) some - (quantifier; used with either mass nouns or plural
               count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity;
               'have some milk'; 'some roses were still blooming'; 'having some
               friends over'; 'some apples'; 'some paper')
           2. (7) some - (relatively many but unspecified in number; 'they were here
               for some weeks'; 'we did not meet again for some years')
           4. some - (relatively much but unspecified in amount or extent;
              'we talked for some time'; 'he was still some distance away')

Super-classes ExistenceValue^c

Someday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Someday`
Description	''Someday'' is a relative TimeInterval that is a Day in the future, at an unspecified length of time after ''Today''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'someday' in WordNet: 1. (10) someday - (some unspecified time in the future; 'someday you will understand my actions')`
Super-classes	Day^c FutureTimeInterval^c RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	alwaysFollows^op value Today^c

Someone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Someone

Description

'Someone' is a Person that is unknown or unspecified or not yet determined.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'someone' in WordNet:
        1. (17) person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal, soul -
          (a human being; 'there was too much for one person to do')

Super-classes UnknownAgent^c
Person^c

Someplace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Someplace`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'someplace' in Wordnet: 1. (1) somewhere, someplace - (in or at or to some place; 'she must be somewhere'; ('someplace' is used informally for 'somewhere'))`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Somersault^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somersault`
Description	A ''Tumbling'' performed on the ground in which the . body leaps and turns the feet over the head in a forward or backward direction, before returning to the ground. Labeled with varying spellings - see WN gloss. NOTE: WN does not include 'vault' as a noun in the sense of a gymnastic 'vaulting' movement. In RHW: 'vault': 7. the act of vaulting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of of 'somersault' in WordNet: WN noun 'somersault': 1. (4) somersault, somerset, summersault, summerset, somersaulting, flip - (an acrobatic feat in which the feet roll over the head (either forward or backward) and return) WN verb 'somersault': 1. somersault - (do a somersault) WN verb 'vault': 2. vault - (bound vigorously)
Super-classes	Tumbling^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value UpsideDownInversion^c

Something^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Something`
Description	'Something' is a placeholder for some unspecified entity of any kind; this type has no inherent semantics and is placed under 'Individual' solely to avoid cluttering the top level. This has approximately the same semantically empty meaning as the top owl:Class ''Thing'' in each Protege ontology. COSMO 'Something' is more general than WordNet 'something' which is intended to have physical existence. COSMO 'something' can be anything, including abstract or imaginary things. When 'something' is used linguistically, there is often some context that will narrow the type of thing referred to, often a ''PhysicalObject'': 'are you looking for something' in a shop refers to objects that are in the shop. 'think of something that is twice as big as itself' - (= the number 0) This could be used by creating subtypes that are ore specific such as 'something for pain' (a pain medication), but that would be duplicative and may be useful only to create types that are more closely aligned with linguistic expressions. If there are a sufficient frequency of phrases like that in any particular text corpus, creating a type that embodies that meaning might help in language understanding, if the same could not be accomplished simply by adding that phrase as a label for an existing type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entity' and noun sense 1 of 'something' in WordNet: 1. (11) entity - (that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving) WN 'something': 1. something - (a thing of some kind; 'is there something you want?') WN 'anything' (this is broader thant the WordNet sense which is a subtype of ''PhysicalThing'': 1. anything - (a thing of any kind; 'do you have anything to declare?')
Super-classes	UnspecifiedThing^c
Sub-classes	Person^c

SomethingExisting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomethingExisting

Description

COSMO note: In Cyc this is a subclass of 'TemporalThing'. The Cyc representation requires that all physical objects be instances of 'TemporalThing', which means that htye have a beginning and end. gthis comes close to the perdurantist 4-dimensional representation of objects as having an extension in time. To avoid this potential confusion, we simply eliminate SomethingExisting and make it a synonym of 'Object'. Most subtypes will be moved to 'PhysicalObject'

OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002
 A specialization of #$TemporalThing whose instances are more or less static,
 as compared (e.g.) to the more dynamic instances of #$Event. The clearest
 examples of #$SomethingExistings are tangible things, such as people, lakes, 
 stars, and the Earth's ionosphere. But #$SomethingExisting also 
 includes certain intangible temporal things, such as #$Agreements
 and #$Obligations, that remain relatively stable throughout their lifetimes.
 On the other hand, #$SomethingExisting excludes purely temporal intangibles such
 as #$TimeIntervals.

Super-classes Synonym^c

SomethingGiven^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomethingGiven`
Description	''SomethingGiven'' is Any Object (often a ''MoneyObject'') that is 'Given'' from one Agent to another. Tjhis is not necessarily a 'Gift', it might be part of a quid pro quo.
Super-classes	Object^c Role^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some GivingEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Given^c
Sub-classes	Gift^c Bonus^c

SomethingOwed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomethingOwed

Description

'SomethingOwed' is anything that is owed by one agent to another, the owing agent being in an 'Owing' state. This type has something of the character of a Role. For more specific types of things that can be 'SomethingOwed' see 'hadThingOwed'.

   This is added largely to represent the sense 2 of 'debt' in Wordnet:
      2. (3) debt - (money or goods or services owed by one person to another)

Super-classes Role^c
ValuableThing^c

SomethingToWear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomethingToWear`
Description	COSMO note: ''SomethingToWear'' is a ''WearableItem'' that is worn by a human. The parent type ''WearableItem'' is used to allow a simple relation between things that humman wear and things that non-human animals wear. CYC: #$SomethingToWear is a specialization of #$DurableGoods, #$Device-SingleUser, #$PersonalProduct, and #$PortableObject. Each instance of #$SomethingToWear is an object that a mannequin or an animal (usually a person) wears on its body, i.e., in a #$WearingSomething event. It is worth remarking that, in such an event, the wearer doesn't have to exert any intentional effort to continue wearing the object. For example, shirts remain on people's torsos, hats stay on heads, rings on fingers; once in place, dog collars stay on dogs, saddles stay on horses. By contrast, a hula hoop is NOT an example of #$SomethingToWear. A borderline case is a #$Purse, which at first blush seems to be something to wear, yet requires carrying by the performer, hence is not a member of this collection. Similarly, a briefcase is not an instance of #$SomethingToWear.
Super-classes	WearableItem^c PersonalProduct^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	EarPlug^c Splint^c Eyewear^c Headset^c EarPiece^c Snorkel^c Stethoscope^c Goggles^c Clothing^c GenericDisguise^c WristWatch^c Holster^c Wig^c Disguise^c Horseshoe^c Backpack^c ElectronicHearingAid^c Purse^c Jewelry^c PinnableObject^c Badge^c

SomethingToWearPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SomethingToWearPart`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO this type is not restricted to clothlike objects, and may include parts like buttons that are not sheetlike. `Cyc: A collection of tangible objects. Each element of #$SomethingToWearPart is a sheetlike object that is part of a garment. Typically they are made of some type of cloth, leather, or another thin, flexible material. Examples of #$SomethingToWearPart include any elements of the collections #$PocketOfGarment, #$SleeveOfGarment, and #$HatBand. #$SomethingToWearPart does NOT include belt buckles and buttons.`
Super-classes	Surface-Open^c Surface-Physical^c PortableObject^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SomethingToWear^c
Sub-classes	HatBand^c AttachedPin^c CoatTail^c PocketOfGarment^c BrassiereCup^c HeadHood^c BeltBuckle^c PantLeg^c SleeveOfGarment^c CollarOfGarment^c

Somewhat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somewhat`
Description	'Somewhat' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of definiteness or emphasis near to the minimum that would justify applicability of the attribute. The effect of this modifier is to assert that the attribute it modifies does apply to the thing that the attribute modifies, but at a level of intensity that is less than that implied by using the 'rather' modifier, and definitely less than would be implied by the 'very' modifier. If a person is somewhat overweight, then the speaker thinks that s/he is overweight, but not 'very' overweight, nor 'obese'. When the attributes are context sensitive this modifier is also context sensitive, so it is an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType'. This sense is used as a modifier of AttributeValues, which show up linguistically as adjectives or sometimes as adverbs. This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. The levels of intensity from low to high are: "Somewhat" "Moderately" "Significantly" "Rather" "Very" Extremely Corresponds to sense 1 of 'somewhat' in RHW: 1. in some measure or degree; to some extent: not angry, just somewhat disturbed. This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by sense 1 of 'a little' in WordNet: 1. (51) slightly, somewhat - (to a small degree or extent; 'his arguments were somewhat self-contradictory'; 'the children argued because one slice of cake was slightly larger than the other') WN 'a little' 1. (80) a bit, a little, a trifle - (to a small degree; somewhat; 'it's a bit warm'; 'felt a little better'; 'a trifle smaller')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Mildly^c SortOf^c

Somewhere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somewhere`
Description	'Somewhere' is a Place that is unknown or unspecified or not yet determined. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'somewhere' in WordNet: 1. somewhere - - (an indefinite or unknown location; 'they moved to somewhere in Spain')`
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unknown^c

Son^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Son`
Description	The Role of a Person who is the son of another person. This includes all kinds of 'child' - biological, genetic, foster,adopted, etc. `NOTE that this is for a male ''ChildRole'' at any age. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'son' and sense 3 of 'boy' in WordNet: 1. (48) son, boy - (a male human offspring; 'their son became a famous judge'; 'his boy is taller than he is')`
Super-classes	SonOrDaughter^c MalePerson^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalSon^c EldestSon^c

SonInLaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SonInLaw`
Description	An ''BrotherInLaw'' is a ''Man'' who married a ''Daughter'' of the reference Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'son-in-law' in WordNet: 1. son-in-law - (the husband of your daughter)`
Super-classes	InLaw^c Man^c
Restrictions	hasSpouse^op some Daughter^c

SonOrDaughter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SonOrDaughter`
Description	A ''SonOrDaughter'' is the union of ''Son'' and ''Daughter''. Anyone who is the legal son or daughter of some person, male or female. `NOTE that this is for a male or female ''ChildRole'' at any age. Includes but is broader than (not only biological) noun sense 4 of 'kid' in WordNet: 4. child, kid - (a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age; 'they had three children'; 'they were able to send their kids to college')`
Super-classes	Person^c ChildRole^c
Sub-classes	Son^c StepChild^c Daughter^c BiologicalChild^c

SonarDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SonarDevice`
Description	A ''SonarDevice'' is a ''MeasuringDevice'' used for detecting and ranging objects underwater by emitting short bursts of sound (a ''SonarPing'') and measuring the time and intensity of the reflected echo. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sonar' in WordNet: 1. (6) sonar, echo sounder, asdic - (a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; 'sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging'; 'asdic is an acronym for antisubmarine detection investigation committee')`
Super-classes	Gauge^c MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	emits^op value SonarPing^c

SonarPing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SonarPing`
Description	The ''Ping'' emitted by a Sonar transmitter. measuring instrument, measuring sys Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ping' in WordNet: 2. ping - (a sharp high-pitched resonant sound (as of a sonar echo or a bullet striking metal))
Super-classes	Ping^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value SonarDevice^c

Song^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Song`
Description	This ''Song'' is the abstract conceptual work that consists of both ''Lyrics'' and musical notes that are synchronized with the ''Lyrics'', such that the ''Lyrics'' are sung in the pitch of the specified alligned musical notes. This is a specification for a performance; for the actual musical sounds of a song, ('I heard a song on the radio') use 'Song-Sung'. NOTE: this is a 'song' that has ''Lyrics'', the group of meaningful words that are sung to the specified tune (musical notes), distinguished from a 'song' that has only nonsense syllables, included in the parent type ''Song-MusicGenre''.. In Cyc called 'Song-CW' Cyc: A musical piece, usually with lyrics sung by a human voice. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'song' in WordNet: 1. (46) song, vocal - (a short musical composition with words; 'a successful musical must have at least three good songs')
Super-classes	Group^c Song-MusicGenre^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Lyrics^c hasComponentElement^op value MusicalScore^c
Sub-classes	Anthem^c BalladSong^c BalladPoem^c ReligiousSong^c Aria^c

Song-MusicGenre^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Song-MusicGenre`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$MusicalComposition that are song-like in nature. They usually have lyrics and are relatively short in duration. An example of an instance of this collection is Let it be by #$TheBeatles-MusicGroup. Negative examples might be the 2nd movement of some classical symphony. `COSMO note: for songs that have lyrics, use the more specific subtype 'Song'.`
Super-classes	MusicalComposition^c MusicGenre^c
Sub-classes	Song^c

Song-Sung^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Song-Sung`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events of a song [#$Song-CW] being sung by a (normally) human voice or a playing of a recording of such an #$Event. The voice may be accompanied by #$MusicalInstruments. `NOTE: this is for the act of singing a complete (or mostly complete, not necessarily all verses) song. For acts of singing that are not a complete song, use the more generic 'Singing-Human' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'song' in WordNet: 3. (3) song, strain - - (the act of singing; 'with a shout and a song they marched up to the gates')`
Super-classes	IBTGeneration^c Singing-Human^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Song^c

Songbird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Songbird`
Description	''Songbird'' is a generic term (not technical) for any ''Bird'' that can sing (see ''BirdSong''), not just chirp. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'songbird' in WordNet: 1. songbird, songster - (any bird having a musical call)`
Super-classes	Bird^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value BirdSong^c
Sub-classes	Finch^c Lark^c Nightingale^c

Songwriter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Songwriter`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who write songs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'songwriter' in WordNet: 1. (2) songwriter, songster, ballad maker - (a composer of words or music for popular songs)`
Super-classes	Musician^c Author^c
Restrictions	isTheCreatorOf^op some Song^c

Sonic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sonic

Description

''Sonic'' is a attribute ''AudibleSound''. For ultrasound or subsond other attributes can be defined ('ultrasonic' or 'subsonic').

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sonic' in Wordnet:
           2. sonic - (relating to audible sound; 'a sonic wave')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sonogram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sonogram`
Description	A ''Sonogram'' is an 'AbstractPhotograph' of some Object in the inerior of another Object produced by ''Sonography''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sonogram' in WordNet: 1. (1) sonogram, echogram - (an image of a structure that is produced by ultrasonography (reflections of high-frequency sound waves); used to observe fetal growth or to study bodily organs)`
Super-classes	AbstractPhotograph^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Sonography^c

Sonography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sonography`
Description	''Sonography'' is the producing of an image of the interior of some Object, usually the human body. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sonography' in WordNet: 1. sonography, ultrasonography, echography, ultrasound - (using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram); commonly used to observe fetal growth or study bodily organs)`
Super-classes	Imaging^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value UltraSound^c produces^op some Sonogram^c

Soon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soon`
Description	'Soon' is the ''AdverbialModifier'' that refers to time intervals that are in the ''NearFuture'' - 'near' being vague, but at least within the lifetime of the hearer, and usually within a year. Syntactically 'soon' is an adverb, but when used is response to questions of When?, it actually specifies time intervals, so is represented as a TimeIntervalType in COSMO. `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'soon' in WordNet: 1. (60) soon, shortly, presently, before long - - (in the near future; 'the doctor will soon be here'; 'the book will appear shortly'; 'she will arrive presently'; 'we should have news before long') WN adverb 'momentarily': 2. (1) momentarily, in a moment, momently - (at any moment; "she will be with you momently")`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalLocation^op some NearFuture^c
Sub-classes	Immediately^c

Soot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soot`
Description	A form of ''Carbon'' consisting of small grains produced as a result of incomplete combustion. Mot commonly observed as a residue inside chimneys or on the glass of an oil lamp. May have significant non-''Carbon'' impurities. Produced commercially by incomplete combustion of natural gas. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soot' in WordNet: 1. carbon black, lampblack, soot, smut, crock - (a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink)`
Super-classes	Carbon^c Powder^c Residue^c GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Combustion^c

Soothing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soothing

Description

Something ''Soothing'' causes a ''SoothingAction''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soothing' in Wordnet:
           1. soothing - (affording physical relief; 'a soothing ointment for her sunburn')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SoothingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoothingAction`
Description	A ''SoothingAction'' is a type of ''Relieving'' that causes the feeling of ''Calm'' - (to a relative degree). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soothe' in WordNet: 2. (1) soothe - (cause to feel better; 'the medicine soothes the pain of the inflammation')`
Super-classes	Relieving^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Calm^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soothing^c
Sub-classes	CalmingAnInfant^c

Soothsayer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soothsayer

Description

A ''Soothsayer'' is a ''Seer'' who claims to be and is accepted (by some people) as able to predict future Events. This covers all such people, whether the predictive method is scientific or mystical.

       NOTE: 'soothsayer' may suggest some mystic ability, but that is not
          necessarily implied in this type.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soothsayer' in WordNet:
         1. (1) forecaster, predictor, prognosticator, soothsayer - 
             (someone who makes predictions of the future (usually on the basis of special knowledge))

Super-classes Teacher^c
Seer^c

Sophisticated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sophisticated

Description

''Sophisticated'' is the attribute of someone who is not only 'Knowledgeable' about social matters, but able to make wise decisions on socia behavior.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sophisticated' in WordNet:
       1. (9) sophisticated - (having or appealing to those having worldly knowledge
          and refinement and savoir-faire; 'sophisticated young socialites';
          'a sophisticated audience'; 'a sophisticated lifestyle'; 'a sophisticated book')

Super-classes Knowledgeable^c

Sophomore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sophomore`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sophomore' in Wordnet: 1. sophomore, second-year - (used of the second year in United States high school or college; 'the sophomore class'; 'his sophomore year')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

SophomoreStudent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SophomoreStudent`
Description	A ''SophomoreStudent'' is a ''FourYearStudent'' who is a second-year Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sophomore' in WordNet: 1. (4) sophomore, soph - (a second-year undergraduate)`
Super-classes	FourYearStudent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sophomore^c

Soporific^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soporific

Description

''Soporific'' is an attribute of something (usually a boring Event) that causes a person to fall asleep, or to get drowsy..

      Soporific and Boring can both apply to an experience, but are 
          not necessarily related by subtype.

       Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'soporific' in Wordnet:
          1. soporific, soporiferous, somniferous, somnific, hypnogogic, hypnagogic -
            (sleep inducing)
          2. narcotic, soporiferous, soporific - (inducing mental lethargy; 'a narcotic speech')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Soprano^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soprano`
Description	A ''Soprano'' is a ''Singer'' who produces a ''SopranoVoice'' while ''Singing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soprano' in WordNet: 1. (2) soprano - (a female singer)`
Super-classes	Singer^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value SopranoVoice^c

SopranoVoice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SopranoVoice`
Description	A ''SopranoVoice'' is a ''SingingVoice'' produced by a ''Soprano'' singing. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'soprano' in WordNet: 2. soprano - (the highest female voice; the voice of a boy before puberty)`
Super-classes	SingingVoice^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Singing-Human^c isCreatedByAgentType^op value Soprano^c

Sore^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sore

Description

'Sore' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that indicates that the object referenced aches or is painful or hurts when touched.

 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sore' and sense 2 of 'tender' in WordNet:
     1. (8) sensitive, sore, raw, tender - - (hurting; 'the tender spot on his jaw')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SoreThroat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoreThroat`
Description	An ''InflammatoryDisease'' of the Throat. `CYC: A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of this collection is a soreness of the #$Pharynx, making #$Swallowing painful (as opposed to cases of soreness of the external #$Throat, caused by blows or cuts to the neck, or ills of the #$Esophagus such as acid reflux). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sore throat' in WordNet: 1. sore throat, pharyngitis, raw throat - (inflammation of the fauces and pharynx)`
Super-classes	InflammatoryDisease^c AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Throat^c
Sub-classes	StrepThroat^c

Sorely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sorely`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sorely' in Wordnet: 1. (2) sorely - (to a great degree; 'I missed him sorely'; 'we were sorely taxed to keep up with them')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c LogicalFunction^c

Sorority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sorority`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sorority' in WordNet: 1. (2) sorority - (a social club for female undergraduates)`
Super-classes	SocialOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only FemaleUndergraduate^c

Sorrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sorrow`
Description	'Sorrow' is a degree of Sadness more intense than the milder forms of sadness, including Grief, but including degree of sadness less intense than 'Grief' RHW 'grief': 1. keen mental suffering or distress over affliction or loss; sharp sorrow; painful regret. Cyc does not have 'Grief' subsumed by 'Sadness', but has Grief as a subtype of 'Depression'. Cyc: Intense emotional suffering or poignant distress caused by or as if by bereavement. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'sorrow' in WordNet: 1. (3) sorrow - - (an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement; 'he tried to express his sorrow at her loss') 2. (1) sorrow, regret, rue, ruefulness - - (sadness associated with some wrong done or some disappointment; 'he drank to drown his sorrows'; 'he wrote a note expressing his regret'; 'to his rue, the error cost him the game') 4. sadness, sorrow, sorrowfulness - - (the state of being sad; 'she tired of his perpetual sadness')
Super-classes	Sadness^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Sadness^c
Sub-classes	Lamenting^c Grief^c Remorse^c

Sorry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sorry`
Description	COSMO note: this is the attribute of someone experiencing Sorrow. `Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'sorry' in WordNet: 1. (3) pitying, sorry - - (feeling or expressing sorrow or pity; 'a pitying observer threw his coat around her shoulder') 2. (1) regretful, sorry, bad - - (feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone; 'felt regretful over his vanished youth'; 'regretful over mistakes she had made'; 'he felt bad about breaking the vase')`
Super-classes	Sad^c
Sub-classes	Remorseful^c

Sort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sort`
Description	Each 'Sort' is a ''Description'' (an Abstract MentalObject) that includes descriptive elements that specify some combination of properties (attributes), relations (including subtype relation) which characterize the elements of a ''SortedGroup'', (which can be empty) plus some indication of the purpose for which such a description was created or is useful. . This can also be looked at a generic category that includes one or more individuals as instances (examples, exemplars), each of which has some Attribute in common with the others. This represents the informal meaning of 'Sort', also called 'type', 'kind' and 'category', and other words. The more formal meaning as an intensional grouping within a formal classification system is represented in COSMO by the subtype 'Type'. The actual ''SortedGroup''s that are described by a ''Sort'' description may be abstract or physical. The assignment of enities to such ''SortedGroup''s can be performed by a ''Classifying'' action, that takes pre-existing ''SortedGroup''s and specifies which elements of a Group of interest belong to each ''SortedGroup'', i.e. to which ''Sort'' do they belong.. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kind(2)' in RHW: 1. a class or group of individual objects, people, animals, etc., of the same nature or character, or classified together because they have traits in common; category: Our dog is the same kind as theirs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'type' and sense 1 of 'sort' and sense 1 of 'kind' and sense 2 of 'form' and sense 5 of 'variety' and senses 1 and 2 of 'category' and sense 4 of 'class' in WordNet; this includes the sense 4 of 'family' but that sense is also represented by the subtype 'FamilyOfTypes', for sorts that are of a higher level in a classification scheme, with other Sorts at a lower level. in WordNet: 1. (774) type - (a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; 'what type of sculpture do you prefer?') WN 'sort': 1. kind (135), sort (65), form (76), variety (0) - (a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; 'sculpture is a form of art'; 'what kinds of desserts are there?') WN 'category' 1. class (178), category (17), family (22) - (a collection of things sharing a common attribute; 'there are two classes of detergents') 2. (3) category - (a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme)
Super-classes	SetOrType^c Concept^c Description^c
Restrictions	describes^op value SortedGroup^c
Sub-classes	Genre^c PigeonHole^c Rubric^c CardSuit^c Type^c Style^c Make^c Model^c FamilyOfTypes^c

SortOf^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SortOf

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sort of' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) rather, kind of, kinda, sort of - (to some (great or small) extent; 'it was rather cold';
               'the party was rather nice'; 'the knife is rather dull'; 'I rather regret that I cannot attend';
               'He's rather good at playing the cello'; 'he is kind of shy')

Super-classes Somewhat^c

SortedGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SortedGroup`
Description	A 'SortedGroup'' is a Group of things of some specific type Produced by a ''Classifying'' Action. This is typically one of the Groups in a ''Classification''.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Classifying^c

Sorting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sorting`
Description	'Sorting' is an Action in which some Group of things (Objects, Events, Attributes) is assigned to one (or more) smaller groups that were pre-existing (perhaps created by an ''AnalyzingGroupProperties'' Action) that each have some characteristic(s) in common, so that the different subgroups can be considered as of different types - those Groups are termed ''SortedGroup''s in COSMO. This can be simply a test to see if any members of the Groups have some specific desirable or undesirable property, so the number of resulting groups can be as small as two. See subtype ''ScreeningaGroupOfThings'' A random assignment into different groups, without at the same time creating or using some distinction among the subgroups, would not be an instance of 'Sorting'. Linguistic usage will often use phrases such as 'sorted them by XXX' specifying the criterion for distinguishing the subgroups. This is a subtype of 'DividingSomethingIntoParts' where the thing divided is a Group. 'They divided the applicants by age'. This can be used for conceptual sorting, as in a list, or physical sorting, as of punched cards by a sorting machine. Includes verb sense 2 of 'sort' and sense 1 of 'classify' sense 5 of 'divide' in WordNet; sense 5 of 'divide' is taken to be a separation of groups - not clear. in WordNet: 1. (17) classify, class, sort, assort, sort out, separate - (arrange or order by classes or categories; 'How would you classify these pottery shards - are they prehistoric?') WN 'divide': 5. (1) separate, divide - (make a division or separation) WN noun 'sorting': 1. sort, sorting - (an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion; 'the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting') WN verb 'group': 1. (4) group - (arrange into a group or groups; 'Can you group these shapes together?') WN non 'grouping': 2. (1) grouping - (the activity of putting things together in groups)
Super-classes	CreatingSubgroups^c
Restrictions	produces^op some SortedGroup^c
Sub-classes	Classifying^c

Souffle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Souffle`
Description	`RHW: 1. a light baked dish made fluffy with beaten egg whites combined with egg yolks, white sauce, and fish, cheese, or other ingredients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'souffle' in WordNet: 1. souffle - (light fluffy dish of egg yolks and stiffly beaten egg whites mixed with e.g. cheese or fish or fruit)`
Super-classes	SolidFoodObject^c DishOfFood^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Egg-Foodstuff^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value EggYolkStuff^c hasDensityMeasure^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LightDensity^c isProducedByEventType^op value WhippingFoodStuff^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value EggWhiteStuff^c

Soul^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soul`
Description	A 'Soul' is an immaterial component of people and (in some belief systems) some animals that that is the location of decision-making and persists after the body dies; immateriality and persistence after death of the body are the distinguishing characteristics. In some belief systems, the soul may go to heaven or hell after the body dies; in other systems, the soul is reincarnated in another body, of a person or animal. A soul whose body has died that remains on Earth and may on ocasion be sensed by people (especially mediums and psychics) is called a 'ghost'. In Cyc called 'Soul-Spiritual' Cyc: The collection of all souls. In some microtheories every #$SentientBeing incarnates a #$Soul-Spiritual. In some, souls are eternal or immortal. In some microtheories souls may incorporate multiple times in the same or different types of organisms, while in others a soul incorporates but a single time. Souls are #$FictionalThings in #$RationalistMt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soul' and sense 1 of 'spirit' in WordNet: 1. (20) soul, psyche - - (the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life) WN 'spirit': 1. (45) spirit - (the vital principle or animating force within living things)
Super-classes	VitalPrinciple^c Spirit^c
Sub-classes	Ghost^c

SoulMate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoulMate`
Description	'A ''SoulMate''' is a Person with whom one has strong feelings of ''Affinity''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soul mate' in WordNet: 1. soul mate - (someone for whom you have a deep affinity)`
Super-classes	Friend^c PartyInRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LikeMinded^c

Sound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sound`
Description	A specialization of #$WavePropagation. Each instance of #$Sound is an instance of wave propagation in which longitudinal pressure waves travel through matter. Notable specializations of #$Sound include #$AudibleSound, #$UltraSound, and #$Music. In SUMO, called 'RadiatingSound' The subclass of Radiating in which sound waves are given off or absorbed. Some examples include creaking, roaring, and whistling. @ToDo1269: The restriction 'hasFrequency' should be applied to pure tones. Need sound intensity in decibels WP: Historically, concert pitch has varied. For an instrument in equal temperament tuned to the A440 pitch standard widely adopted in 1939, middle C has a frequency around 261.63 Hz (for other notes see piano key frequencies). Scientific pitch notation was originally proposed in 1713 by French physicist Joseph Sauveur and based on the numerically convenient frequency of 256 Hz for middle C, all C's being powers of two. After the A440 pitch standard was adopted by musicians, the Acoustical Society of America published new frequency tables for scientific use. A movement to restore the older A435 standard has used the banners 'Verdi tuning', 'philosophical pitch' or the easily confused scientific pitch. NOTe the 'ObjectTransfered' should be sound energy -not yet (rev1269) represented. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sound' in WordNet: 3. (13) sound - (mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium; 'falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them')
Super-classes	WavePropagationEvent^c
Restrictions	containsAbstractSubstance^op value SoundEnergy^c hasFrequency^op only CyclesPerSecondMeasure^c wasEmittedByObject^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericPhysicalObject^c hasEndingPlace^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericPhysicalObject^c hadThingTransferred^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	UltraSound^c AudibleSound^c PureTone^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MiddleC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#tsk

Sound-BodyOfWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sound-BodyOfWater`
Description	a long, broad inlet of the ocean, generally parallel to the coast; a long passage connecting 2 large bodies of water or passing between an island and the mainland
Super-classes	BodyOfSaltWater^c

SoundEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoundEnergy`
Description	''SoundEnergy'' is the ''Energy'' contained in the vibrational compression waves of ''Sound'' moving through some medium..
Super-classes	Energy^c

SoundInformationBearingThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoundInformationBearingThing`
Description	NOTE that in COSMO a wave is considered as an Event during which the wave is propagated through some medium. The Event that created the wave is a different Event. Cyc: A specialization of both #$AudibleSound and #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Each instance of #$SoundInformationBearingThing is an sound which is audible by, and thereby capable of providing information to, an #$Agent. (This information need not necessarily be in propositional form.) This collection does not include #$InformationBearingWavePropagations that require the use of some sort of electronic device to be rendered in the form of audible sound; thus #$RadioWave is not a specialization. Genuine specializations include #$Music and #$AnimalUtterance-IBT. Note that, despite the use of the word 'Thing' in the name of this constant, it refers to the sound alone, not to the thing that makes the sound (e.g. if one's CD player is pumping out music, the #$SoundInformationBearingThing is the #$Music, not the player). Thus, no one thing can be an instance of both #$SoundInformationBearingThing and #$VisualInformationBearingThing (e.g.)
Super-classes	InformationBearingWavePropagation^c AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Sound^c hadThingTransferred^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	CharacterStringToken-Sounded^c Music^c Speech^c

SoundInformationRecordingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoundInformationRecordingDevice`
Description	Specifically for recording sound, but this can be a parent for both sound and video recording. For any other kind of recording, use parent ''InformationRecordingDevice'' or ''VisualInformationRecordingDevice'', or create a new subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recording machine' in WordNet: 1. (2) recorder, recording equipment, recording machine - (equipment for making records)`
Super-classes	InformationRecordingDevice^c
Sub-classes	AnsweringMachine^c

SoundIntensityMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoundIntensityMeasure`
Description	''SoundIntensityMeasure'' is a ''WaveIntensityMeasure'' in which the 'wave' is a ''Sound'' wave.
Super-classes	Amplitude^c WaveIntensityMeasure^c

SoundQuality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoundQuality`
Description	'SoundQuality' is an AttributeValue whose associated values represent any of various qualities of sound: intensity, qualitative attributes ('screeching', 'murmuring sound'). The values may be quantitaive or qualitative.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	VoiceCharacter^c

SoundRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoundRecording`
Description	Any PhysicalObject that is an instance of a 'Recording' that is a recording of some 'Sound'. Can be vinyl, tape, DVD, or other form. This can be part of or integrated with a video recording, or stand-alone as in a ''MusicRecording''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audio recording' in WordNet: 1. sound recording, audio recording - (a recording of just the sound)`
Super-classes	Recording^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	MusicRecording^c

SoundTrack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoundTrack`
Description	A 'SoundTrack' is any Abstract representation of a series of audible sounds, especially but not only those that accompany some Event - a live event, the playing of an audio tape, the playing of a movie, anything that has images as well as sounds related to those images. A SoundTrack can be the audible part of a Dream. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'soundtrack' in Wordnet: 1. (2) soundtrack - (sound recording on a narrow strip of a motion picture film)`
Super-classes	AbstractObject^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some AudibleSound^c
Sub-classes	MovieSoundTrack^c

Soup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soup`
Description	The food soup. Soup contains food components boiled or simmered in water; it usually (but not always) has solids included, so is not strictly a liquid; but it is not a solid, so it is specified as disjoint with solidFood. The restriction {Soup typicallyHasComponentSubstance SoupComponentType} is used to specify that most Soups have either meat or fish or vegetables as a component (the instances of .'SoupComponentType', a metatype created specifically to support this restriction. `RHW: a liquid food made by boiling or simmering meat, fish, or vegetables with various added ingredients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soup' in WordNet: 1. (8) soup - - (liquid food especially of meat or fish or vegetable stock often containing pieces of solid food)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c CookedFood^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water^c typicallyHasComponentSubstance^op some SoupComponentType^c
Sub-classes	Chowder^c Broth^c

SoupComponentType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoupComponentType`
Description	'SoupComponentType' is a specialized metatype which that has as its instances only those solid Foods (substances) that are commonly added to Soup. This tactic is required because substances are represented as types, and to specify a union as a means of repressenting an 'A or B' object does not work. This is a messy OWL workaround.
Super-classes	SubstanceType^c
Members	Fish-TheFood Vegetable-Food CruciferousVegetable Meat

SoupStock^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoupStock

Description

CYC: The collection of all broth used to make soup. Members of this collection are liquids in which meat, fish, or vegetables have been simmered. Soup stock is used as a basis for soup, gravy, or sauce. It is usually a food ingredient only, but may occasionally be consumed as is.

        SUMO: Food which is prepared by reducing Meat 
         and/or FruitOrVegetables to a translucent broth which can be used as 
         a base for soups or sauces.

Super-classes CookedFood^c
FoodIngredientOnly^c
Broth^c

SourTasting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SourTasting

Description

'Sour' is the taste attribute of substances (usually liquids) that are mildly acidic, such as lemon juice. This COSMO sense does not distinguish between the attribute of substances and the taste category 'sour', which are distinguished in WordNet.

      Includes both adjective senses  of 'sour' and adjective sense 1 of 'tart' in WordNet:
         2. sour - (having a sharp biting taste)
         3. sour - (one of the four basic taste sensations; like the taste 
           of vinegar or lemons)
       WN adj 'tart':
         1. (1) lemony, lemonlike, sourish, tangy, tart - (tasting sour like a lemon)

Super-classes TasteAttribute^c

Source^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Source`
Description	A Source is any of a wide variety of Objects from which something (substances, objects, energy, assets, events) 'flows' or can be 'withdrawn' (in some sense, possibly metaphorical, but see note below for quotations) and may arise from or emit from spontaneously . This is interpreted very broadly, and can be a factory as a source of goods, a spring as a source of water, the sun as a source of energy, or a bank acount as a source of money. The basic notion is that something comes out of the Source - and that 'something' does not have to be beneficial (pollution or infection or false information can have a source). NOTE: For the sense of 'source' meaning 'source of a quotation' use the relation 'wasAuthoredBy' pointing to the Person who uttered the quote. 'Source' is a Role that can be used to categorize objects so that a system can answer the question: 'Where can I get some X from?' There is no exact WordNet equivalent to this concept - it includes part of noun sense 5 of 'source' and part of sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (355) beginning, origin, root, rootage, source - (the place where something begins, where it springs into being; 'the Italian beginning of the Renaissance'; 'Jupiter was the origin of the radiation'; 'Pittsburgh is the source of the Ohio River'; 'communism's Russian root') 5. (31) source - (a facility where something is available)
Super-classes	Individual^c PlaceOfOrigin^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op some (ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or EventType^c or MoneyType^c or EnergyType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or Object^c)
Sub-classes	LineOfCredit^c UsefulSource^c InfectiousReservoir^c

Soused^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soused

Description

''Soused'' is the highest level of being under the influence of Alcohol without passing out.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soused' in Wordnet:
          2. besotted, blind drunk, blotto, crocked, cockeyed, fuddled, loaded,
             pie-eyed, pissed, pixilated, plastered, potty, slopped, 
             sloshed, smashed, soaked, soused, sozzled, squiffy, stiff,
             tiddly, tiddley, tight, tipsy, wet - (very drunk)

Super-classes Drunk^c

SouthEastern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthEastern

Description

''SouthEastern'' is an attribute that takes a Region or LandArea as argument and returns the geographically southeasternmost part of that region. ('southheastern US')

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'southeastern' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) southeast, southeastern, southeasterly - (situated in or oriented toward the southeast)

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

SouthWestern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthWestern

Description

''SouthWestern'' is an attribute that takes a Region or LandArea as argument and returns the geographically southwesternmost part of that region. ('southwestern US')

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'southwestern' in Wordnet:
         1. southwest, southwestern, southwesterly - (situated in or oriented toward the southwest)

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

Southern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Southern

Description

'Southern' is an attribute that takes a Region as argument and returns the geographically southernmost part of that region. ('southern US'; 'south Florida')

      Includes part ('situated in') of adjective sense 2 of 'southern' 
         and part ('situated in') of adjective sense 1 of 'south' in WordNet:
        2. (7) southerly, southern - (situated in or oriented toward the south; 
          'a southern exposure'; 'took a southerly course')
        WN adj 'south':
          1. (13) south - (situated in or facing or moving toward or coming from the south;
            'the south entrance')

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

SouthernDrawl^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthernDrawl

Description

The distinctive Pronunciation of English that is used by native English speakers raised in some southeastern parts of the United States, especially in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, and in some neighboring regions. The accents vary but can all be recognized as southern by native English speakers of northern and western USA.

       Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'drawl' in WordNet:
         1. (1) drawl - (a slow speech pattern with prolonged vowels)

Super-classes Pronunciation^c

Southland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Southland`
Description	A subregion of a ''GeographicalRegion'' that lies to the South of other parts of the region. In the United States this usually refers to the region that was the Confederacy in the early 1860's. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'southland' in WordNet: 1. South, southland - (any region lying in or toward the south)`
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c Part^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dixie

Southpaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Southpaw`
Description	A ''Southpaw'' is a ''BaseballPitcher'' who throws with her/his left arm. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'southpaw' in WordNet: 1. (5) left-handed pitcher, left-hander, left hander, lefthander, lefty, southpaw - (a baseball pitcher who throws the ball with the left hand)`
Super-classes	BaseballPitcher^c Lefty^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Left-Handed^c

Souvenir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Souvenir`
Description	A 'Souvenir' is a small 'memento' (a 'SolidObject'), that a person keeps specifically to remind her/him of some past event such as travel, weddings, parties, etc. It is typically small enough to keep on a shelf. `For an Action that causes remembering, use 'Reminding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'souvenir' and sense 1 of 'keepsake' in WordNet: 1. (1) keepsake, souvenir, token, relic - (something of sentimental value)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Memento^c
Sub-classes	PartyFavor^c

Soverignty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soverignty`
Description	''Soverignty'' is ''SelfGovernment'' by an independent ''Country''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Soverignty' in WordNet: 1. (1) sovereignty - (government free from external control)`
Super-classes	SelfGovernment^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Country^c

Soviet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soviet

Description

''Soviet'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''SovietUnion''. This is usually written with a capital 'S'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Soviet' in WordNet:
        1. (25) Soviet - (of or relating to or characteristic of 
            the former Soviet Union or its people; 'Soviet leaders')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sow

Description

An adult female ''Pig''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sow' in WordNet:
           1. sow - (an adult female hog)

Super-classes Pig^c

Sower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sower`
Description	A Person who sows seeds professionally. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sower' in WordNet: 1. sower - (someone who sows)`
Super-classes	FarmWorker^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Sowing^c

Sowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sowing`
Description	''Sowing'' is a 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere' in which a Seed is placed directly into the Soil. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sow' in WordNet: 1. (5) sow, sough, seed - (place (seeds) in or on the ground for future growth; 'She sowed sunflower seeds')`
Super-classes	Inserting^c PlantingASeed^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op value Soil^c hadObjectMoved^op value Seed^c

SoySauce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoySauce`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soy sauce' in WordNet: 1. soy sauce, soy - (thin sauce made of fermented soy beans)`
Super-classes	Sauce^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Soybean^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fermented^c

Soybean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soybean`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soybean' in WordNet: 1. soy, soybean, soya bean - (a source of oil; used for forage and soil improvement and as food)`
Super-classes	BeanLikeFruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value SoybeanPlant^c

SoybeanOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoybeanOil`
Description	FromWikipedia: Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max). It is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and the second most consumed vegetable oil.[1] As a drying oil, processed soybean oil is also used as a base for printing inks (soy ink) and oil paints. Per 100 g, soybean oil has 16 g of saturated fat, 23 g of monounsaturated fat, and 58 g of polyunsaturated fat.[6][7] The major unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil triglycerides are the polyunsaturates alpha-linolenic acid (C-18:3), 7-10%, and linoleic acid (C-18:2), 51%; and the monounsaturate oleic acid (C-18:1), 23%.[8] It also contains the saturated fatty acids stearic acid (C-18:0), 4%, and palmitic acid (C-16:0), 10%. The high-proportion of oxidation-prone polyunsaturated fatty acid is undesirable for some uses, such as cooking oils. Three companies, Monsanto Company, DuPont/Bunge, and Asoyia in 2004 introduced low linolenic Roundup Ready soybeans. Hydrogenation may be used to reduce the unsaturation in linolenic acid. The resulting oil is called hydrogenated soybean oil. If the hydrogenation is only partially complete, the oil may contain small amounts of trans fat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soybean oil' in WordNet: 1. soybean oil, soyabean oil - (oil from soya beans)
Super-classes	DryingOil^c VegetableOil^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Soybean^c

SoybeanPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SoybeanPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soybean plant' in WordNet: 1. soy, soya, soybean, soya bean, soybean plant, soja, soja bean, Glycine max - (erect bushy hairy annual herb having trifoliate leaves and purple to pink flowers; extensively cultivated for food and forage and soil improvement but especially for its nutritious oil-rich seeds; native to Asia)`
Super-classes	Legume-ThePlant^c Vegetable-Plant^c
Restrictions	bearsFruitType^op value Soybean^c

Soybeans^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Soybeans`
Description	''Soybeans'' is a ''SolidSubstance'' and a ''Food'' consisting of multiple more or less intact ''Soybean''s. This is the starting material used to prepare various products that may or may not be ''Food''s.
Super-classes	Food^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value Soybean^c

Spa^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spa

Description

A ''Spa'' is a ''Resort'' (a type of hotel) that calls itself a 'spa'. The distinction from ''Resort'' is vage, but a ''Spa'' should have some kind of 'health' or recreation facility associated - hot springs pool, golf course

      This is not just a 'health club' it has to be a hotel-lie facility.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spa' in WordNet:
          2. resort hotel, spa - (a fashionable hotel usually in a resort area)

Super-classes Resort^c

Space^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Space`
Description	''Space'' is the most generic notion of some intersecting arangement of ''Dimension''s in which things can be located. This can be abstract,such as a mathematical 'space' or concrete, such as our ''PhysicalSpace'', the universe in which we live. A 'space'can get rather abstract, such as anything that can be represented as a set of ordered points or some intersection of two or more such sets. Specialized mathematical 'spaces' can be represented as subtypes of this type. Both ''Space'' and ''Dimension'' are primitive notions that cannot be represented other than by their relations to other entities and each other. Specific Regions of any ''Space'' are represented by subtypes or instances of ''Region''. THe closest sense of 'space'in WordNet is sense 1, which appears to represent our physical space in which or Universe exists. That space is an instance of ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space' in WordNet: 1. (33) space, infinite - (the unlimited expanse in which everything is located; 'they tested his ability to locate objects in space'; 'the boundless regions of the infinite')
Super-classes	Region^c
Restrictions	hasDimensionality^op some DimensionalityValue^c has^op min 1
Sub-classes	MetricSpace^c EuclideanSpace^c

SpaceCharacter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceCharacter

Description

A SpaceCharacter is an abstract typographic character that shows up as a blank space between 'printing characters' in ron of and behind it in an AbsrtactString. It is used as a separator between words in many languages, and for formatting the printed view of documents.

  Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'space' and sense 1 of 'blank' in WordNet:
    WN 'space':
      4. (2) space, blank - - (a blank character used to separate successive
        words in writing or printing; 'he said the space is the most important
        character in the alphabet')

Super-classes AbstractCharacter^c

SpaceHeater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceHeater`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space heater' in WordNet: 1. space heater - (heater consisting of a self-contained (usually portable) unit to warm a room)`
Super-classes	AirHeatingDevice^c
Restrictions	heats^op value Room^c

SpaceInAFixedHOC^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceInAFixedHOC`
Description	$SpaceInAFixedHOC is a specialization of `#$SpaceInAHOC and #$Place. Each instance of #$SpaceInAFixedHOC is a space within some instance of a fixed (as opposed to moveable) #$HumanOccupationConstruct (q.v.). Positive examples include rooms within #$Buildings, while negative examples include spaces within recreational vehicles. NOTE that a ''SpaceInAFixedHOC'' does not have to be completely enclosed by walls; a ''Porch'' open to the outside can also be a ''SpaceInAFixedHOC''.`
Super-classes	CavityWithWalls^c Place^c SpaceInAHOC^c
Sub-classes	VerticalShaft^c Storey^c StageForIndoorPerformances^c Room^c MultiRoomUnit^c Porch^c

SpaceInAHOC^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceInAHOC`
Description	A SpaceInAHOC is a PhysicalObject that comprises the whole or part of a structure in which people may live, do business, or perform any other activity that people can do indoors. As a 'Cavity' this means that there is room to contain things - objects, people, etc. Most of the volume of any instance of this type will be an 'AvailableSpace' - usable to put things or walk around in. There is a certain ambiguity in this Cyc concept: as a 'feature' a Cavity should not be identical to a whole object, but a 'HumanOccupationConstruct' can be a whole structure as well as a part. In COSMO We retain this ambiguity and interpret this category as including whole structures as well as parts of structures. The emphasis is on the space inside the structure, but this category is not a region of space, it is a PhysicalObject. Cyc: A specialization of both #$Cavity and #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Each instance of #$SpaceInAHOC is a space found inside some instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct (HOC). Instances include all major spaces inside any #$HumanOccupationConstruct, including not only rooms (instances of #$RoomInAConstruction), but also halls, elevator shafts, attics, stairwells, and the spaces inside trains, cars, and airplanes that are designed for human occupation. Other building parts which are not open spatial regions (e.g., walls, plumbing, etc.) are _not_ included in this collection; cf. #$PartOfBuilding.
Super-classes	Cavity^c HumanOccupationConstruct^c IndoorLocation^c
Restrictions	hasSpatialPart^op value AvailableSpace^c overlapsOrTouches^op value HumanOccupationConstruct^c
Sub-classes	Hallway^c VehicleRepairFacility^c TemporaryResidenceUnit^c BuildingWindow^c ShowerStall^c PublicInstitution^c SpaceInAFixedHOC^c RetailStore^c Aisle^c WindowPortal^c Morgue^c KitchenCompartment^c Doorway^c

SpaceLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceLine`
Description	A specialization of both #$HomogeneousExtendedSpaceRegion and #$LinearObject (qq.v.). Instances of #$SpaceLine are one-dimensional portions of space; it makes sense to speak of or compute the length of such regions, but they have no breadth or depth (and thus neither area nor volume). For example, if a two-or-higher-dimensional object is contained in a given region, then each edge of that object (see #$EdgeOnObject-Generic) occupies a space-line in that region. Note that space-lines need not be straight. See also the specialization #$SpaceLine-Empirical.
Super-classes	Line^c LinearObject^c
Sub-classes	SpaceLine-Empirical^c

SpaceLine-Empirical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceLine-Empirical`
Description	A specialization of both #$SpaceLine and #$SpaceRegion-Empirical (qq.v.). Instances of #$SpaceLine-Empirical are one-dimensional pieces of the space in the empirically-observable universe. For space-lines located on the Earth's surface, see the specialization #$GeographicalPlace-1D. `COSMO note: this is equivalent to the BFO 'Line'.`
Super-classes	OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion^c SpaceLine^c
Sub-classes	LightPath^c AxisOfRotation^c Horizon^c

SpacePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpacePoint`
Description	A specialization of #$GeometricalPoint (q.v.). This is the collection of geometrical points that have a fixed location with respect to some coordinate system or frame of reference. An important specialization is #$SpacePoint-Empirical (q.v.), whose instances have fixed locations with respect to some coordinate system or frame of reference in the empirically-observable universe, and thus are embedded in time. An example of a space-point not in the empirical universe is a point in some abstract Euclidean space of the sort studied in geometry. Space points can be used to indicate the locations (or partial locations) of things in space (see #$locatedAtPoint-Spatial). For example, at the initial instant of the 20th Century (in Greenwich, England) the center of mass of the solar system was located at some #$SpacePoint-Empirical (which is a different #$SpacePoint-Empirical than the one at which the center of mass is located at this moment). Considered diachronically (as in the foregoing example), 'the center of mass of the solar system' refers to a certain #$GeometricalPoint but not a #$SpacePoint. `NOTE: for a point in our real universe, use 'SpacePoint-Empirical'. BFO: 'ZeroDimensionalRegion': BFO: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with no dimensions. BFO: Examples: a point`
Super-classes	ZeroDimensionalThing^c SpatialRegion^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value GeometricalPoint^c hasShape^op value PointLike^c
Sub-classes	SpacePoint-Empirical^c

SpacePoint-Empirical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpacePoint-Empirical`
Description	A specialization of both #$SpacePoint and #$SpaceRegion-Empirical (qq.v.). Each instance of #$SpacePoint-Empirical is a zero-dimensional object that belongs to, and thus has a fixed location in, the embedding space of the empirical universe. Examples include the location of the center of mass of the Milky Way galaxy at the beginning of the 20th Century. Note that empirical space points are embedded in time; if time is not a significant parameter (i.e. if in an atemporal or temporally agnostic context) consider using #$SpacePoint instead. `NOTE: this Type is equivalent to the BFO Type 'Point'. BFO:`
Super-classes	SpacePoint^c OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion^c
Sub-classes	GeographicalPoint^c CenterOfRotation^c

SpaceSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceSurface`
Description	A specialization of #$ExtendedSpaceRegion. Instances of #$SpaceSurface are two dimensional portions of space, flat or embedable in a three dimensional space. It makes sense to speak of, or compute, the area of these objects. For instance, the space occupied by a flat surface belongs to this collection. Conversely, the space occupied by a solid chunk of matter does not belong to #$SpaceSurface, but does belong to #$ChunkOfSpace. NOTE that a ''Surface'' that has depth is represented by ''Surface-Physical'' in COSO. So the examples for 'surface' in WN are more appropriate to ''Surface-Physical'' than to this type, which has no depth and is strictly two-dimensional. BFO 'TwoDimensionalRegion': BFO: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with two dimensions. BFO: Examples: the surface of a cube-shaped part of space, the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space, the surface of a rectilinear planar figure-shaped part of space. Corresponds to only a part of noun sense 2 of 'surface' in WordNet (not including any depth - this has no volume): in WordNet: 2. (39) surface - (the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; 'they skimmed over the surface of the water'; 'a brush small enough to clean every dental surface'; 'the sun has no distinct surface')
Super-classes	Region^c Surface-Intangible^c TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Sub-classes	BoundaryPlane^c SpaceSurface-Empirical^c

SpaceSurface-Empirical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceSurface-Empirical

Description

A specialization of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical. Instances of #$SpaceSurface-Empirical are two dimensional portions of the space taken up by the empirical universe. Physical objects can only be partially located at such surfaces; in other words instances of this collection intersect the space occupied by physical objects, but are never cospatial with the space occupied by a physical object [see #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical and #$inPlane]. The only objects properly localizable at instances of #$SpaceSurface-Empirical are intangible objects of dimension two or lower. For instance, the intangible surface that delimits the spaces occupied by a table and the space above the surface of the table belongs to this collection.

        COSMO note: This Type is equivalent to the BFO 'Surface'.

Super-classes PhysicalSpaceRegion^c
SpaceSurface^c

SpaceTime^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceTime

Description

''SpaceTime'' is the Physical ''Region'' consisting of every point in spae and every point in time, as observed or calsulated or theorized by IntelligentAgents existing within that Region. The structure of this Region is a subject of investigation among theoretical physicists, aided by the observations of "Astronomer''s. The General Theory of Relativity and obsrvations confirming its predictions show that the space and time dimensions are not separate, but intimately connected in a single structure called ''SpaceTime''.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space-time' in WordNet:
             1. space-time, space-time continuum - 
               (the four-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) 
               in which physical events are located)

Super-classes Region^c

SpaceTransportationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceTransportationEvent`
Description	CYC: The collection of all space transportation events. For each instance TRAN of #$SpaceTransportationEvent, at least a part of the #$Trajectory of #$objectMoving in TRAN must be in the outer space. Note that #$SpaceTransportationEvent is different from (#$TransportViaFn #$Spacecraft) because the former emphasizes where to find the #$Trajectory while the latter emphasizes what is used as a tool, not to mention instances of the former do not have to have parts on Earth or inside our atmosphere. `NOTE: this is a Action performed by a ''Spacecraft'' where the Spacecraft is considered an agent performing the transportation event. For a Person as agent, use ''SpaceTravel''.`
Super-classes	TransportationEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Spacecraft^c
Sub-classes	SpaceTravel^c

SpaceTravel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaceTravel`
Description	'''SpaceTravel'' is a ''FlyingAction'' in which the flying of the craft does not depend on lift from the atmosphere, but by some mechanism (usually rocket propulsion) that allows acceleration in free space, and goes to heights above the Earth where air lift cannot assist flight - into orbit or to or around other celestial bodies. This type requires a Person aboard, and that Person is 'riding' in a ''Spacecraft''. For space flights without people aboard, use parent type ''SpaceTransportationEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space travel' in WordNet: 1. spaceflight, space travel, spacefaring - (a voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere)`
Super-classes	SpaceTransportationEvent^c FlyingAction^c LongJourney^c RidingInaVehicle^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value Spacecraft^c isPerformedBy^op value Astronaut^c

Spacecraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spacecraft`
Description	$Spacecraft is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$Spacecraft is a transportation device either deployed entirely in outer space, or one whose trajectories leave the atmosphere of the planet it's launched from, in order to orbit the planet or to travel beyond the planet's gravitational field. A #$Spacecraft may either be manned or unmanned. NOTE that all 'Spacecraft' have to be rocket-propelled, which means propelled by the thrust caused by the expulsion of matter from the craft. Therefore a sunlight-driven solar sailing craft would not be classified as a 'Spacecraft'. This may have to be modified if, when such devices actually begin to be used, a separate classification for solar sailing devices appears to be a problem. NOTE: a Spacecraft is a Vehicle and must have its own means of propulson, so a passive satellite placed into orbit that cannot move itself around is not a spacecraft. SUMO: Any Vehicle which is capable of SpaceTransportation. Includes but is not limitedto noun sense 1 of 'spacecraft' in Wordnet: 1. spacecraft, ballistic capsule, space vehicle - (a craft capable of traveling in outer space; technically, a satellite around the sun)
Super-classes	TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c RocketPropelledTransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Spaceship^c ArtificialSatellite^c Orbiter^c

Spaced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spaced`
Description	''Spaced'' is the AttributeValue of something that had been'spaced' apart (spatially or temporally). `NOTE: for things that are widely spaced, use subtype ''WidelySpaced''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'spaced' in Wordnet: 2. spaced - (arranged with spaces between; often used as a combining form; 'widely spaced eyes')`
Super-classes	Arranged^c
Sub-classes	Sprawling^c WidelySpaced^c Separated^c CloselySpaced^c

SpacedListString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpacedListString`
Description	A SpacedListString is a ListString in which the individual entries are delimited by spaces. `NOTE that the delimiter is a SpacesString, so any number of sequential spaces between items constitutes one delimiter. There are no null entries (or entries equal to the null string)`
Super-classes	ListString^c
Restrictions	hasDelimiter^op only SpacesString^c

SpacesString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpacesString`
Description	Each instance of SpacesString is an AbstractString consisting of one or more sequential spaces. Every string consisting only of spaces, of any length greater than 0, is an instance. Note that the name has 'spaces' in the plural, meaning that it can be more than one.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c

Spaceship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spaceship`
Description	`" The Starship Enterprise is prominent in the 'Star Trek' series. " Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spaceship' in WordNet: 1. starship, spaceship - (a spacecraft designed to carry a crew into interstellar space (especially in science fiction))`
Super-classes	Spacecraft^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCarry^op value GroupOfPeople^c

SpacingThingsOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpacingThingsOut`
Description	''SpacingThingsOut'' is an ''Arranging'' in which the agent arranges Objects (Physical or Abstract) or Event such that there is some 'space' (spatial or temporal) between them. This is a broad concept, and can be used for putting Physical Objects in an arrangement (such as a line) where there are spaces between the objects so that they do not touch each other. The spaces do not have to have uniform size. The arrangement can be two or three-dimensional. Putting spaces between words or characters in a character string is included, `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'space' in WordNet: 1. (3) space - (place at intervals; 'Space the interviews so that you have some time between the different candidates')`
Super-classes	Arranging^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Arrangement^c

Spacious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spacious

Description

This ''Spacious'' characterizes some ''OutdoorLocation'' that allows unobstructed views of a large and wide area.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spacious' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) broad, spacious, wide - (very large in expanse or scope;
            'a broad lawn'; 'the wide plains'; 'a spacious view'; 'spacious skies')

Super-classes VeryLarge^c

Spade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spade`
Description	A 'Spade' is a 'Shovel' with a pointed tip, used for digging into soil as well as (along with other shovels) for moving loose granular material from one location to another. `The Cyc 'Shovel' is essentially what is called a 'Spade' in COSMO - a Shovel with a pointed tip' Cyc 'Shovel': A hand tool used for cutting or moving soft or granulated materials like soil and sand. Comprised of a long handle and a concave head with a sharp edge. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spade' in WordNet: 2. (1) spade - - (a sturdy hand shovel that can be pushed into the earth with the foot)`
Super-classes	Shovel^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value SpadeBlade^c

Spade-TheCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spade-TheCard`
Description	This is the subcollection of #$PlayingCard that contains all of the cards which are spades. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spade' in WordNet: 1. (2) spade - - (a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it; 'she led a low spade'; 'spades were trumps')`
Super-classes	PlayingCard^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Spades^c
Sub-classes	QueenOfSpades^c

SpadeBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpadeBlade`
Description	A ''SpadeBlade'' is a ''ShovelBlade'', that is the ''WorkingHead'' of a ''Spade'', relatively flat, broad at the top and tapered to a point at the far end from the handle. `Not perfectly 'Triangular', but aproximately.`
Super-classes	ShovelBlade^c PointyEndedObject^c
Restrictions	hasApproximateShape^op value SpadeShaped^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SpadeShaped^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Spade^c

SpadeShape^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpadeShape

Description

A ''SpadeShape'' is a ''ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure'' that is ''Planar'' and has three main sides,one of which may be straight, but at least two are curved slightly so that the two curved sides make a point at their intersection. Except for the curvature of two sides it is approximately triangular. This is approximately the shape of a ''SpadeBlade'', the metal end of the digging tool called a ''Spade''. The card design in the ''Spades'' suit is also approximately the same shape, but with a tail projecting from the shorter side. This attribute does not indicate that the shape is like that of a ''Spades'' suit, and does not include the projecting tail.

       The 'federal shield' shape used to display numbers of highways
       in the Interstate Highway System has a fourth point at the top,
       but can be considered  approximately ''SpadeShaped''.

Super-classes PlaneFigure-Geometrical^c
ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure^c

SpadeShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpadeShaped

Description

''SpadeShaped'' is the shape of a 'SpadeShape''. This applies to relatively thin PhysicalObjects as well as two-dimensional objects.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spade-shaped' in Wordnet:
         1. spade-shaped, spade-like - (shaped in the form of a spade)

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

Spades^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spades`
Description	''Spades'' is one of the four subtypes of ''CardSuit''.
Super-classes	CardSuit^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Spade-TheCard^c

Spaghetti^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spaghetti`
Description	The food ''Pasta'' substance consisting of multiple slender string-like threads of processed dough. It is usually served with some sauce, most often a tomato-based sauce. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spaghetti' in WordNet: 2. spaghetti - (pasta in the form of long strings)`
Super-classes	Pasta^c
Restrictions	consistsOfManyOf^op value SpaghettiNoodle^c

SpaghettiNoodle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpaghettiNoodle`
Description	A long string-like noodle. `A whole bunch of these together is represented by the substance ''Spaghetti''.`
Super-classes	FoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value PieceOfString^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Spaghetti^c hasShape^op value StringOrLine^c

Spam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spam`
Description	CYC: 'Spam-UnsolicitedEMail' A specialization of #$EMailMessage. Each instance of this collection is an electronic mail message sent to many different #$EMailAddresses on the #$Internet, often in an attempt to sell a product, and causing irritation to the recipients. For the acts of sending such mass-mailings, see #$MassEMailSending. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spam' in WordNet: 2. spam, junk e-mail - (unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk))`
Super-classes	EMailMessage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Annoying^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c

Spaniel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spaniel`
Description	CYC: A collection of dogs, each instance of which belongs to one of the Spaniel breeds. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spaniel' in WordNet: 1. (1) spaniel - (any of several breeds of small to medium-sized gun dogs with a long silky coat and long frilled ears)`
Super-classes	Dog^c
Sub-classes	CockerSpaniel^c

SpanishReal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpanishReal`
Description	A ''SpanishReal'' is an old Spanish coin. As an antique not in circulation, its value varies with the coin market. Wikipedia: The real (meaning: " royal ", plural: reales) was a unit of currency in Spain for several centuries after the mid-14th century.[1] It underwent several changes in value relative to other units throughout its lifetime until it was replaced by the peseta in 1868. The most common denomination for the currency was the silver eight-real Spanish dollar (Real de a 8) or peso which was used throughout Europe, America and Asia during the height of the Spanish Empire. Part of the origin of 'two bits': two bits (n.) "quarter dollar," 1730, in reference to the Mexican real, a large coin that was divided into eight bits; see bit (n.1). Each 'bit' was one-eigth of the coins, and the coins were therefore referred to as 'pieces of eight': From 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/JO391t6cRtGxstjbE4EEmg': Pieces of eight were the world's first global currency. As the coins of Spain they were used across the vast Spanish Empire, stretching from South America to the Philippines, but were also used outside the empire as well. In 1600 one coin would have been worth the equivalent of a modern 50-pound note. The front of the coin is decorated with the coat of arms of the Habsburgs, the rulers of Spain and the most powerful family in Europe. Where did the silver for pieces of eight come from? The inscription on this coin - King of the Spains and the Indies - refers to European Spain and the great new Spanish Empire in the Americas. The silver used to create the coins and finance Spain's armies and armadas came, above all, from the 'silver mountain' of Potosi in Bolivia. This wealth came at a terrible cost to human life. Thousands of indigenous American Indians and African slaves died in the brutal conditions of the mines to support Spain's thirst for silver. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'real' in WordNet: 2. real - (an old small silver Spanish coin)
Super-classes	Coin^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Silver^c

Spanking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spanking`
Description	To hit a Person on the buttocks with the hand or a flat object like a paddle. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spank' and nnoun sense 1 of 'spanking' in WordNet: 1. spank, paddle, larrup - (give a spanking to; subject to a spanking) WN noun 'spanking' 1. spanking - (the act of slapping on the buttocks; "he gave the brat a good spanking")`
Super-classes	BeatingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op value Buttocks^c

Spar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spar`
Description	A ''Pole'' that is used to support rigging on a ''Sailboat'' (of any size). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spar' in Wordnet: 2. spar - (a stout rounded pole of wood or metal used to support rigging)`
Super-classes	Pole^c
Restrictions	supports^op value Rigging^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Sailboat^c
Sub-classes	Mast^c Bowsprit^c

Spare^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spare

Description

''Spare'' is the AttributeValue of objects that are ''Unnecessary''to perform some action, because there are already sufficient numbers of such objects available (at the time of reference) to perform the actions.

    Corresponds to part (for objects) of adjective sense 2 of 'spare' in WordNet:
      2. (1) excess, extra, redundant, spare, supererogatory, superfluous,
        supernumerary, surplus - (more than is needed, desired, or required;
        'trying to lose excess weight'; 'found some extra change lying on the dresser'; 
        'yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant'; 
        'skills made redundant by technological advance'; 'sleeping in the spare room'; 
        'supernumerary ornamentation'; 'it was supererogatory of her to gloat'; 
        'delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words'; 'extra ribs as well as other 
        supernumerary internal parts'; 'surplus cheese distributed to the needy')

Super-classes Unnecessary^c
EvaluativeAttribute^c

SpareRibs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpareRibs`
Description	One 'dish' (serving) of 'spare ribs' - barbecued pork ribs. `Includes cooked and uncooked noun senses 1 and 2 of 'spareribs' in WordNet: 1. barbecued spareribs, spareribs - (baked or roasted with a spicy sauce) 2. spareribs - (cut of pork from the rib section with most of the meat trimmed off)`
Super-classes	DishOfFood^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Meat^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Pork^c

SparingFromHarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SparingFromHarm`
Description	Each instance of ''SparingFromHarm'' is a PersistentState in which some 'IntentionalAgent' refrains from harming another Agent, with the assumption that same kind of harm would often or commonly be inflicted in the same situation. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spare' in WordNet: 1. (7) spare, save - (refrain from harming)`
Super-classes	Refraining^c
Sub-classes	ActOfClemency^c

Spark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spark`
Description	A ''Spark'' is a the conduction of electrons between two conductive objects through a gas in a gap between the conductors,producing light. `RHW: arc 2. Also called electric arc. Elect. a luminous bridge formed in a gap between two electrodes. Cf. spark1 (def. 2). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'spark' in WordNet: 3. (2) discharge, spark, arc, electric arc, electric discharge - (electrical conduction through a gas in an applied electric field)`
Super-classes	ElectricalConduction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value FlashOfLight^c

Sparkler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sparkler`
Description	This ''Sparkler'' represents the small toy firework that is a wire that is thick enough to hold its rod-like shape plus a solid combustible material coated onto it from the top to the middle and that can be held in the hand, and burns down from the top to about midway down the rod, where the solid combustible substance ends, throwing off ''BurningSpark''s until the combustible material is consumed. This represents that Object while it is burning (should be a 'burning sparkler', with an unlit parent type). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sparkler' in WordNet: 2. sparkler - (a firework that burns slowly and throws out a shower of sparks)`
Super-classes	LightEmittingObject^c FingerSizedObject^c LongAndThinThing^c Firework-PyrotechnicDevice^c Rod^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Wire^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value CombustibleSubstance^c hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c emits^op value BurningSpark^c

SparklingWine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SparklingWine`
Description	An ''SparklingWine'' is a ''Wine'' that has enough retained carbon dioxide to emit bubbles (of carbon dioxide) when the bottle is opened,and the wine is poured into a glass. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sparkling wine' in WordNet: 1. sparkling wine - (effervescent wine)`
Super-classes	Wine^c CarbonatedBeverage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Effervescent^c
Sub-classes	Champagne^c

Sparrow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sparrow

Description

A dull olive-to-brown colored bird of the finch family, common in cities. There are several types of sparrow.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sparrow' in WordNet:
          1. (1) sparrow, true sparrow - (any of several small dull-colored singing birds 
          feeding on seeds or insects)

Super-classes Finch^c

Sparse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sparse

Description

''Sparse'' is an attribute that specifies that something has a lower than usual density, i.e. things are spaced farther apart than some reference.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sparse' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) sparse, thin - (not dense; 'a thin beard'; 'trees were sparse')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sparsely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sparsely

Description

''Sparsely'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that can modify adjectives to assert that the atrribute is to be interpreted in a ''Sparse' manner, i.e. the objects that are present are relatively few in number, per area or volume. 'sparsely populated'; 'sparsely furnished'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sparsely' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) sparsely - (in a sparse manner; 'sparsely inhabited')

Super-classes Thinly^c

Sparser^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sparser`
Description	'Sparser' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some ObjectGroup a density (per area or volume) that is lower than a comparison group or than the same group at a different time.
Super-classes	ComparativeAttributeValue^c

Spasm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spasm`
Description	A sudden involuntary muscle contraction, not necessarily painful. FOr the (most common) painful variety use subtype ''Cramping'' which does not include 'clonic spasm's). `RHW: 1. Pathol. a sudden, abnormal, involuntary muscular contraction, consisting of a continued muscular contraction (tonic spasm) or of a series of alternating muscular contractions and relaxations (clonic spasm). Includes part ('cramp' is a subtype) of noun sense 1 of 'spasm ' in WordNet: 1. (1) spasm, cramp, muscle spasm - (a painful and involuntary muscular contraction) 2. spasm - ((pathology) sudden constriction of a hollow organ (as a blood vessel))`
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c MuscleContraction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c
Sub-classes	Twitching^c Cramping^c

Spatial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spatial

Description

''Spatial'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''Space'' or ''Region''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spatial' in Wordnet:
          1. (8) spatial, spacial - (pertaining to or involving 
              or having the nature of space; 'the first dimension 
              to concentrate on is the spatial one'; 'spatial ability';
              'spatial awareness'; 'the spatial distribution of the population')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SpatialArangement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialArangement`
Description	A ''SpatialArangement'' may refer to arrangments of objects in one, two, or three dimensions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spatial arrangement' in WordNet: 1. spacing, spatial arrangement - (the property possessed by an array of things that have space between them)`
Super-classes	PlacementOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value RelativeLocation^c
Sub-classes	Openness^c Alignment^c

SpatialArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialArea`
Description	A ''SpatialArea'' is a three-dimensional place containing Air and no ''SolidObject''s, located near the ''EarthsSurface'', of any size. This represents any space on Earth within which objects can move unobstructed. The size can vary in size from a 'gap' between teeth to an air route taken by an airplane. NOTE: WN has no exact entry for this type. The sense 2 of 'space' appears to cover both ''FreeSpaceRegion'' and ''SpatialArea'', in part because WN does not distinguish between a ''Region'' of space and the PhysicalObjects contained within that place. The synset below is used for both, but the two concepts are disjoint. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'space' in WordNet: 2. (18) space - (an empty area (usually bounded in some way between things); 'the architect left space in front of the building'; 'they stopped at an open space in the jungle'; 'the space between his teeth')
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value SolidObject^c isNearTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c spatiallyContains^op value Air^c
Sub-classes	Swath^c

SpatialCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialCell`
Description	A 'SpatialCell' is a Compartment (a Region that is separated from other regions within a PhysicalObject for some purpose, whether designed that way by an IntelligentAgent or by an evolutionary process). This includes the various 'cells' that may be for human habitation (a prison cell or a monk's cell) or part of a honeycomb, multicellular battery, etc. `@ToDo: specific subtypes such as prison cells can be distinguished. Includes senses 1, 6, and 7 of 'cell' in WordNet: 1. (73) cell - (any small compartment; 'the cells of a honeycomb') 6. cell, cubicle - (small room is which a monk or nun lives) 7. cell, jail cell, prison cell - (a room where a prisoner is kept)`
Super-classes	Compartment^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or GroupType^c or ObjectGroup^c)

SpatialPathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialPathSystem`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$EnduringThing-Localized and #$PathSystem (qq.v.). Each instance of #$SpatialPathSystem is a systems of spatial paths (see #$Path-Spatial). Specializations of #$SpatialPathSystem include #$TransportationPathSystem and #$ElectricPowerGrid.
Super-classes	PathSystem^c EnduringThing-Localized^c
Sub-classes	ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c TransportationPathSystem^c

SpatialRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialRegion`
Description	A SpatialRegion can be of any dimension, though the ones of most interest are three-dimensional in our real world. All Regions must have their location referenced to some definable object, whether abstract or physical. In theory, it may be possible to consider the whole universe as an Object and define 'absolute' regions based on locations in the whole universe, but that may not be useful for any practical purpose. The regions of greatest interest to people are regions defined relative to the Earth's surface, which forms a moving rotating frame of reference, which we treat as stationary for most purposes. `NOTE: The BFO 'SpatialRegion' is closest to the COSMO 'PhysicalSpaceRegion' which is a subtype of this Type.`
Super-classes	Region^c
Sub-classes	SpacePoint^c ThreeDimensionalRegion^c PhysicalSpaceRegion^c

SpatialRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialRelation`
Description	A ''SpatialRelation'' is a ''Relation'' that specifies the directional relations of some Object to other objects in space. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spatial relation' in WordNet: 1. position, spatial relation - (the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated; 'the position of the hands on the clock'; 'he specified the spatial relations of every piece of furniture on the stage')`
Super-classes	Relation^c
Sub-classes	Centrality^c

SpatialThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialThing`
Description	NOTE that OpenCyc spatialThing does not necessarily have to be in our Space-Time; it can be in an abstract space. So this is not identical to DOLCE 'spatio-temporal-particular', which is a subclass. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other #$SpatialThing or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a #$SpatialThing may be #$PartiallyTangible (e.g. #$Texas-State) or wholly #$Intangible (e.g. #$ArcticCircle or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a #$SpatialThing might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all #$SpatialThings are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, #$SpatialThing-Localized.
Super-classes	Individual^c GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	GeometricallyDescribableThing^c Sky^c OneOrHigherDimensionalThing^c Region^c ZeroDimensionalThing^c RadiallySymmetricObject^c spatio-temporal-particular[DOLCE]%SpatialThing^c SpatiallyContinuousThing^c
In domain of	isSpatiallyDisjointWith^op
In range of	isSpatiallyDisjointWith^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSpace

SpatialThing-Localized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialThing-Localized`
Description	OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can be meaningfully said to have location or position in the empirically observable universe of the context in question. This includes all #$PartiallyTangible things, such as pyramids and ships, as well as certain #$Intangible spatial things, like the #$Equator. Also included are all #$Events that can be pinned down to specific places (see #$Event-Localized), and thus all #$PhysicalEvents. But note that many events are non-examples, such as the event of a certain law coming into effect and (presumably) purely mental events as well, at least in most contexts. Also excluded are #$SpatialThings that are not localized, such as purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). All instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized are temporal things, and thus have finite lifespans (the upper bound of which is the lifespan of the universe itself). finally, note that imaginary entities like Frodo, Captain Queeg, and #$HAL9000-TheComputer may be localized within the (imaginary) universes attaching to the fictitious contexts in which they are defined, and so would be instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized within those microtheoretic contexts. `NOTE: because Cyc 'SpatialThing-Localized' includes intangible spatial things, this is not identical to the purely physical objects such as 'Oject' in SUMO. In COSMO,purely physical objects are categorized in the Type 'PhysicalObject', which is a subtype of this 'SpatialThing-Localized' category.`
Super-classes	spatio-temporal-particular[DOLCE]%SpatialThing^c
Sub-classes	EnduringThing-Localized^c CustomarySystemOfLinks^c PhysicalObject^c Border^c Path-Spatial^c CavityOrContainer^c PhysicalSpaceRegion^c GeographicalThing^c Trajectory^c UndergroundLocation^c GeometricThing-Localized^c

SpatialllyPolarizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatialllyPolarizing`
Description	This sense of ''Polarizing'' is an Action in which some PhysicalObject (or Group of Objects) is changed so that two oposite ends acquire opposite values of some property. This is general,and can characterize the magnetic polarization of some object that can be magnetized, but may include other forms of physical (not mental) polarization. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'polarize' in WordNet: 2. (1) polarize, polarise - (cause to concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c Altering^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value SpatiallyPolarized^c

SpatiallyContinuousThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatiallyContinuousThing`
Description	COSMO note: all PhysicalObjects are non-trivially continuous only with respect to some level of granularity. Cyc: A specialization of #$SpatialThing. For every instance REGION of #$SpatiallyContinuousThing, any two points it subsumes are connected by some path it also subsumes. Positive exemplars include a drinking glass, a haystack, a spiderweb, or a region of space in the shape of any of these things. If the glass is broken and its pieces no longer touch each other, it is not a #$SpatiallyContinuousThing. Some borderline exemplars depend on granularity. At a macroscopic level of granularity, a dense cloud of smoke is effectively continuous. On the microscopic level, it is composed of independent particles that do not touch each other.
Super-classes	SpatialThing^c
Sub-classes	Line-Generic^c Organism^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c

SpatiallyPolarized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatiallyPolarized`
Description	This sense of ''SpatiallyPolarized'' characterizes a ''PhysicalObject'' that has been modified so that it has parts on opposite ends of the Object that have opposite properties.
Super-classes	Modified^c

spatiotemporal_instant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatiotemporalInstant

Description

Definition: A connected space time region at a specific moment.

 Examples: the space time region occupied by a single instantaneous 
 temporal slice (part) of a process.

 COSMO note: It is unclear why this is not identical to a region of space
   at some particular moment.

Super-classes spatiotemporal_interval^c

spatiotemporal_interval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatiotemporalInterval`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO instants are not disjoint from intervals, they are merely the limiting case of intervals of zero length. A 'proper interval' is a legitimate concept, but would just be superfluous in COSMO, so this Type will include proper intervals and instants. `BFO Definition: A connected space time region that endures for more than a single moment of time. BFO Examples: the space time region occupied by a process or by a fiat processual part`
Super-classes	connected_spatiotemporal_region^c
Sub-classes	spatiotemporal_instant^c

SpatiotemporalRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatiotemporalRegion`
Description	BFO Definition: An occurrent at or in which processual entities can be located. (old rdfs:label = 'spatiotemporal_region'.) COSMO note: this concept in COSMO is very generic, and can be used to specify a spatiotemporal region of any shape. To specify a spatiotemporal region of a more defined shape, use 'TimeAndPlace', for which the spatial shape of the region will depend on the 'location' component of the instance defined. NOTE that the ''Location'' can vary as the Time changes, So this is not just some fixed spatial 'location' over some interval of time BFO 'SpatiotemporalRegion': BFO: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] at or in which processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities can be located. BFO; Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are spatiotemporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatiotemporal) location with spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is this region itself. BFO: Comment: An instance of the spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is a part of spacetime. All parts of spacetime are spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities and only spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are parts of spacetime. In particular, neither spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities nor temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are in BFO parts of spacetime. Spacetime is the entire extent of the spatiotemporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. Spacetime is among occurrents the analogous of space among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. BFO: Comment: Spacetime and spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of spacetime can be called \"absolutist\" or \"the container view\". In BFO, the class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] allows for a so-called relational view of spacetime, that is to say, a view according to which spatiotemporality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to spacetime. In BFO, the bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that instances of processual context [span:ProcessualContext] are too spatiotemporal entities. BFO Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis
Super-classes	Region^c
Sub-classes	TimeAndPlace^c scattered_spatiotemporal_region^c connected_spatiotemporal_region^c
In range of	occurredInSpatiotemporalRegion^op

SpatiotemporalRegionSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatiotemporalRegionSeries`
Description	An ''SpatiotemporalRegionSeries'' is a ''Series'' in which each Element is a ''TimeAndPlace''. This can be used to represent the 'location' of an Event in both time and space when the spatial location of the objects of interest in the Event are moving relative to the reference Object (usually the surface of the Earth). `For a TimeInterval that represents part of an ''EventTrajectory'' uses an ''EventSeriesPhase''.`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c Series^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only TimeAndPlace^c
Sub-classes	EventTrajectory^c

SpatteringaSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpatteringaSubstance`
Description	''SpatteringaSubstance'' is a 'ScatteringaSubstance' in which some agent (which can be natural, such as the wind or waves) physically causes some quantity of liquid substance to break into small particles and alight on the surface of an Object. The three essential roles are the agent doing the spatterng, the LiquidObject spattered, and the object on which the spattered stuff comes to rest, Typical usage: 'He spattered the cloth with ketchup' Unlike ''Spraying'' the liquid is not ejected from its container with force, as in a garden hose. Includes most of senses 1-3 of of verb 'spatter' in RHW: 1. to scatter or dash in small particles or drops: The dog spattered mud on everyone when he shook himself. 2. to splash with something in small particles: to spatter the ground with water. 3. to sprinkle or spot with something that soils or stains. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'spatter' in WordNet: 1. (1) spatter, splatter, plash, splash, splosh, swash - (dash a liquid upon or against; 'The mother splashed the baby's face with water') 3. spatter, bespatter - (spot, splash, or soil; 'The baby spattered the bib with food')
Super-classes	ScatteringaSubstance^c Action^c Movement-TranslationProcess^c
Restrictions	isInTheDirectionOf^op some SolidObject^c hadObjectMoved^op some LiquidObjectType^c

Spatula^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spatula`
Description	CYC: an implement with a broad flat usually flexible blade, used for blending foods or removing them from cooking utensils, e.g. flipping hamburgers. There are several types of 'spatulas'. This type will include all of them. In addition to the kitchen tool, spatulas are used in chemistry labs to remove small portions of granular substance from a quantity in a reagent bottle, and those come in several sizes, smaller than the kitchen tool. The kitchen tools typically have a handle, but some laboratory types are thin and have different sized blades at the two ends, either of which could be used as the handle. The 'flexible flat blade' part is represented here by ''MetalPlate''. To represent the full meaning a subtype of ''metalPlate'' is needed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spatula' in WordNet: 2. spatula - (a hand tool with a thin flexible blade used to mix or spread soft substances)
Super-classes	HandTool^c CookingUtensil^c LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value MetalPlate^c

Spawn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spawn`
Description	A ''Group'' of soft (no hard-shelled) ''Egg''s laid by a female Fish, amphibian, or mollusk. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spawn' in WordNet: 1. spawn - (the mass of eggs deposited by fish or amphibians or molluscs)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Egg^c

SpawnerType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpawnerType`
Description	''SpawnerType'' is a specialized metatype used to relate the act of ''Spawning'' to the type of Animal that can do that.
Super-classes	AnimalType^c
Sub-classes	FishType^c
Members	Mussel Gastropod Oyster Toad Mollusk Amphibian Salamander Bivalve Frog

Spawning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spawning`
Description	An event in which some animal deposits an egg outside its own body. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spawn' in WordNet: 2. spawn - (lay spawn; 'The salmon swims upstream to spawn')`
Super-classes	LayingAnEgg^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Egg^c isPerformedBy^op some SpawnerType^c

Spaz^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spaz

Description

''Spaz'' is an insulting slang term for a Person who is very clumsy.

            RHW 'spaz': a grotesquely awkward person.
            Etymology: [1960-65; shortening and alter. of SPASTIC]

Super-classes ClumsyPerson^c

Speaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speaker`
Description	A ''Speaker'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who is or was speaking at a certain time. (could be past - 'was the first speaker'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speaker' in WordNet: 1. (9) speaker, talker, utterer, verbalizer, verbaliser - (someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous); 'the speaker at commencement'; 'an utterer of useful maxims')`
Super-classes	Person^c Informant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Speaking^c
Sub-classes	MasterOfCeremonies^c Chatterbox^c Presenter^c

SpeakerDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeakerDevice`
Description	A ''SpeakerDevice'' is a single speaker that may stand alone in producing sound in some electrical device, or may be part of a''SpeakerSystem'' that contains more than one ''SpeakerDevice''. The systems with multiple speakers may be used to produce ''Sterophonic'' sound, or may simply be used in large areas to allow all members of an audience to hear the speech or music clearly. NOTE: the WN gloss emphasizes 'loudspeaker' but that term is usually used for outdoor very loud ''SpeakerDevice''s. This type includes those, but is mostly used for 'speakers' attached to indoor media playing devices, including radios, TVs,telephones, computer speakers, and any other that convert electrical signals to sound. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'speaker' in WordNet: 2. (2) loudspeaker, speaker, speaker unit, loudspeaker system, speaker system - (electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance)
Super-classes	ElectroAcousticTransducer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op value Sound^c hasDesignFunction^op value ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound^c

SpeakerOfTheHouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeakerOfTheHouse`
Description	A 'SpeakerOfTheHouse'' is one formal term for the ''ChairPerson'' that presides over a ''LegislativeOrganization'', and who is called the 'Speaker'. This term is used in the United States House of Representatives. Other bodies such as a ''Senate'' may have other terms for the presiding officer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Speaker' in WordNet: 3. (1) Speaker - (the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly; 'the leader of the majority party is the Speaker of the House of Representatives')`
Super-classes	ChairPerson^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value FormalMeeting^c

SpeakerSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeakerSystem`
Description	A ''SpeakerSystem'' is a Group of one or more ''SpeakerDevice''s. A ''SpeakerSystem'' that contains more than one ''SpeakerDevice''. The systems with multiple speakers may be used to produce ''Sterophonic'' sound, or may simply be used in large areas to allow all members of an audience to hear the speech or music clearly. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'speaker' in WordNet: 2. (2) loudspeaker, speaker, speaker unit, loudspeaker system, speaker system - (electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance)`
Super-classes	AudioSystem^c DeviceGroup^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound^c hasComponentElement^op min 1 isDesignedToProduce^op value Sound^c
Sub-classes	StereophonicSpeakerSystem^c

Speakers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speakers`
Description	Each ''Speakers'' is the Group of ''Presenter''s who present Lectures at a ''FormalMeeting'', which may be restricted to certain people or members of a certain GroupOfPeople. `" Who will be the speakers? " " There will be five speakers in the first session. "`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Presenter^c

Speaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speaking`
Description	A specialization of #$Talking (which includes non-verbal talking such as the use of sign-language) and #$MakingAnOralSound. The collection of actions generating utterances (c.f. #$Utterance-IBT) which are speech. Hence, #$Speaking normally includes only those utterances using some #$Language as a communication convention, unlike other utterances such as #$Booing and #$Cheering. It is also a #$SingleDoerAction - for events where two or more agents are involved in spoken communication, see #$SpokenCommunicating. NOTE that every Speaking includes some 'Pronouncing'; the quality or accent of the Speaking can be described by reifying a 'Pronouncing' and relating it to the Speaking. COSMO note: We include singing as a subtype of Speaking. As of version 0.3, not action of strictly prose speech is represented. SUMO: Any LinguisticGeneration which is also a Vocalizing, i.e. any LinguisticCommunication by a Human which involves his/her vocal cords. Includes verb sense 1 and part of verb sense 3 of 'speak' and sense 2 of 'talk'in WordNet: 1. (88) talk, speak, utter, mouth, verbalize, verbalise - (express in speech; 'She talks a lot of nonsense'; 'This depressed patient does not verbalize') 3. (23) speak, talk - (use language; 'the baby talks already'; 'the prisoner won't speak'; 'they speak a strange dialect') WN 'talk': 2. (26) talk, speak, utter, mouth, verbalize, verbalise - (express in speech; 'She talks a lot of nonsense'; 'This depressed patient does not verbalize')
Super-classes	Talking^c InformationTransferPhysicalEvent^c Vocalizing^c Narrating^c MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Pronouncing^c produces^op value AuditoryCommunication^c alwaysCauses^op some Speech^c produces^op value Phrase^c
Sub-classes	Stuttering^c Grumbling^c BlurtingOut^c Pronunciation^c Backstabbing^c Singing^c Filibustering^c Greeting^c Whispering^c TranslatingSpokenLanguage^c Pronouncing^c Accosting^c CallingOut^c Supposing^c GoodBye^c SayingTheRosary^c Ranting^c Blathering^c ContinueTalking^c Cursing^c SpokenCommunicating^c Whining^c VerbalInstructions^c Muttering^c UsingAnExpression^c AssertingOrally^c Repetitiveness^c Backbiting^c Murmuring^c Cue^c NaggingAction^c Dictation^c SpeakingEnglish^c Babbling^c SpeakingFluently^c

SpeakingEnglish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeakingEnglish`
Description	''SpeakingEnglish'' is a ''SpeakingFluently'' where the language spoken is the ''EnglishLanguage''.
Super-classes	SpokenCommunicating^c Speaking^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnglishLanguage^c

SpeakingFluently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeakingFluently`
Description	''SpeakingFluently'' is the Action of a Person who is can easily speak and understand some natural language. This is for basic fluency, not for elegant speech. `NOTE: 'eloquence' should be a subtype, more than just smooth - also expressive and impressive. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fluency' in WordNet: 1. eloquence, fluency, smoothness - (powerful and effective language; 'his eloquence attracted a large congregation'; 'fluency in spoken and written English is essential'; 'his oily smoothness concealed his guilt from the police')`
Super-classes	SpokenCommunicating^c Speaking^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value NaturalLanguage^c
Sub-classes	SpeakingTwoLanguagesFluently^c

SpeakingTwoLanguagesFluently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeakingTwoLanguagesFluently`
Description	''SpeakingFluently'' is the Action of a Person who is can easily speak and understand some natural language. This is for basic bilingual fluency, not for elegant speech.
Super-classes	SpeakingFluently^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value TwoLanguages^c

Spear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spear`
Description	CYC: The collection of all spears. Instances of #$Spear consist of a long, slender shaft with a sharp point, designed to be thrown or otherwise launched at an adversary or target. `NOTE: Cyc uses the more general parent of 'KineticEnergyPoweredDevice' rather than 'MusclePoweredDevice', but even if a spear can be launched with a separate launcher, it is designed to be used by hand, and that is the classification criterion used here. SUMO: A Weapon with a long handle and a short blade. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spear' in WordNet: 1. (1) spear, lance, shaft - (a long pointed rod used as a weapon)`
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c PointyEndedObject^c LongAndThinThing^c Rod^c PrimitiveWeapon^c HumanPoweredDevice^c
Sub-classes	Javelin^c

SpearheadingAnActivity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpearheadingAnActivity

Description

''SpearheadingAnActivity'' is a type of ''Leading'' in which a Person is not just in charge of some Action, but takes initiative and expends much effort to start some new or different Activity asleader of a GroupOfPeople.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spearhead' in WordNet:
          1. (1) spearhead - (be the leader of; 
             'She spearheaded the effort to find a cure for the disease')

Super-classes Leading^c

Special^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Special

Description

'Special' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing modified was created for some one purpose or situation rather than to serve the range of purposes common for things of that type. It is opposed to 'general'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'special' in WordNet:
        2. (20) special - (for a special service or occasion;
          'a special correspondent'; 'a special adviser to the committee';
          'had to get special permission for the event')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Special-Purpose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Special-Purpose`
Description	`No WN sense for this.`
Super-classes	Useful^c Specific^c

Specialised^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specialised`
Description	This sense of 'Specialized'' is for some ''FieldOfStudy'' or Person who has focused study or practice in some narrow ''FieldOfStudy''. `For the ''Device'' or ''Method'' use ''Specialized''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'specialised' in Wordnet: 2. (2) specialized, specialised - (marked by or characteristic of specialization in a mechanical or scientific subject; 'his specialized qualifications for the job'; 'all kinds of specialized technical books')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Technical^c

Specialist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specialist`
Description	A 'Specialist' is a Person who is an Expert in some field and who practises one occupation almost exclusively. For the more specialised sense, of a specialist in some field of medicine, use 'MedicalSpecialist'. `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'specialist' in WordNet: 1. (19) specialist, specializer, specialiser - - (an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning) 2. (1) specialist, medical specialist - - (practices one branch of medicine)`
Super-classes	Expert^c
Sub-classes	Attache^c Analyst^c MedicalSpecialist^c Nutritionist^c

SpecializationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpecializationType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Specialization as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Optometry ProductSpecialization OccupationalSpecialization Radiology

Specialized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specialized

Description

This sense of 'Specialized'' is for some ''Device'' or ''Method'' that has been developed for specific narrow uses or purposes, or for some ''FieldOfStudy'' or ''Person'' who has focused study or practice in some narrow ''FieldOfStudy''.

      For the Person or FieldOfStudy use ''Specialised''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'specialized' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) specialized, specialised - (developed or designed for a special activity or function;
             'a specialized tool')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

SpecializedKnowledge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpecializedKnowledge`
Description	'SpecializedKnowledge' is some body of Knowledge that pertains to a relatively narrow field in study. `- relate to 'expertise'?? Corresponds roughly to noun sense 3 of 'specialty' and has some elements of noun sense 1 of 'expertise' in WordNet: 3. specialization, specialisation, specialty, speciality, specialism - (the special line of work you have adopted as your career; 'his specialization is gastroenterology') WN noun 'expertise': 1. (2) expertness, expertise - (skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge)`
Super-classes	Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Specialised^c

Specializing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specializing`
Description	''Specializing'' is a 'Reduction' in in some ''Scope'' that a Person deals with in some way - the Scope of Work that Person Performs (''OccupationalScope''), Scope of Products that an Agent makes or sells, (''ProductSpecialization''), or Scope of Topics that a Specialist studies or teaches, or a Researcher researces. This is the broadest sense, and various subtypes of ''Specializing'' can be differentiated. @mod57 Need 'specialized' Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'specialize' in WordNet: 1. (3) specialize, specialise, narrow, narrow down - (become more special; 'We specialize in dried flowers') 3. (2) specialize, specialise - (suit to a special purpose; 'specialize one's research') 4. specialize, specialise - (devote oneself to a special area of work; 'She specializes in honey bees'; 'This plumber specialized in jacuzzis') WN noun 'specialization': 1. (2) specialization, specialisation - (the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose)
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op some ScopeType^c produces^op some SpecializationType^c

Species^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Species`
Description	A ''Species'' is a 'taxonomic group' that is labeled as a 'genus' and a 'species'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'species' in WordNet: 1. (27) species - ((biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some LifeFormType^c
Sub-classes	FloristsChrysanthemum^c Ivy^c Gerbil^c OnionPlant^c CamphorTree^c Daffodil^c EbonyTree^c AustralianSnapperFish^c CommonSnappingTurtle^c EggplantPlant^c WoodRat^c EndangeredSpecies^c Lemming^c Coyote^c VenusFlyTrap^c

Specific^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specific`
Description	'Specific' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing modified was selected from a group of similar things to serve some purpose. Linguistically this sense is also signalled by the use of the word 'specifically': 'she was specifically interested in the red dress'. 'his specific concern was about the price'. 'she had a particular interest in nuclear physics'. The antonym of 'general'? RHW 'specific': 1. having a special application, bearing, or reference; specifying, explicit, or definite: to state one's specific purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'particular' in WordNet; WordNet does not have an entry for 'specific' in this sense; it is assumed that sense 1 of 'specific' includes this sense: in WordNet: 2. (13) particular - (separate and distinct from others of the same group or category; 'interested in one particular artist'; 'a man who wishes to make a particular woman fall in love with him')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Special-Purpose^c

Specifically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specifically

Description

''Specifically'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions to clarify the meaning by emphasizing some part of a group to which that assertion applies.

          Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'specifically' in WordNet:
            1. (13) specifically - (in distinction from others; 
            'a program specifically for teenagers'; 'he is interested specifically in poisonous snakes')
          WN adverb 'particularly':
            1. (9) particularly, in particular - (specifically or especially distinguished from others;
            'loves Bach, particularly his partitas'; 'recommended one book in particular'; 
            'trace major population movements for the Pueblo groups in particular')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

SpecificallyDependentContinuant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpecificallyDependentContinuant`
Description	''SpecificallyDependentContinuant'' is a specific BFO type that includes Attributes, Roles and Functions as subtypes. `BFO: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. BFO: Examples: the mass of a cloud, the smell of mozzarella, the liquidity of blood, the color of a tomato, the disposition of fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc. BFO: Synonyms: property, trope, mode.`
Super-classes	DependentContinuant^c
Sub-classes	AttributeType^c AttributeValue^c RealizableEntity^c Attribute^c

SpecificallyDescribed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpecificallyDescribed

Description

An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations - that have been described with sufficient ''Specificity'' that the meaning is clear.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'specific' in Wordnet:
            2. (5) specific - (stated explicitly or in detail; 'needed a specific amount')

Super-classes Specified^c

Specification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specification`
Description	COSMO: A Specification is a broad category of intentionally created abstract informational artifacts whose purpose is to describe the desired structure or attributes of a thing or a series of steps that may be taken to construct a thing or to accomplish a goal or purpose. It is a mental object having ordered components,the order of which is designed to accomplish a purpose. The ordering may be spatial, temporal, or conceptual. The steps may be abstract things like computational events or game rules, or physical things such as in industrial processes. The format of a formatted document is a specification,i.e. it specifies how a document of that type is to be constructed. Likewise a grammar or computer program is a specification. `A Specification may have an associated visual representation, which in COSMO is represented by the type 'Diagram' (an AbstractSymbolicObject). Subtypes of Specification include, among others, Procedure, Plan, Methodology, PlayScript, and MusicalComposition. This type is related to the actual actins that realize the Specifcation by the relation 'hasExecutionEvent' and its inverse 'isAnExecutionOf'. Every Specification has a creator (author) which may be a GroupOfPeople.` A specification does not necessarily require that the steps be in sequence. If they must be in sequence, it can be for example a Procedure. This differs somewhat from the Cyc 'Specification': Cyc comment: A specialization of #$ConceptualWork. Each instance of #$Specification is an abstract work that constitutes a description of the properties of a #$Situation or a #$SomethingExisting, and sometimes even entire collections of such things. Things are made, bought, and searched for according to specifications, which can be instantiated as printed instructions or as diagrams. This collection is modally neutral with regard to the descriptive character of its instances. Thus, it includes descriptions of how things are, were, should be, must be, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'specification' in Wordnet: 1. (1) specification, spec - (a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work)
Super-classes	PropositionalConceptualWork^c Description^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	Obligation^c StandardSpec^c DevisedStructuredActivity^c LiteraryForm^c Design^c Postulate^c MultivariateSpecification^c Invention^c AgreementClause^c Methodology^c Agreement^c FormOfGovernment^c Method^c ComputerInstruction^c ProgramForPerformance^c CodeSpecification^c Index^c MeasurementSystem^c
In domain of	isaVersionOf^op
In range of	isInAccordanceWith^op conformsTo^op isaVersionOf^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_No_talking http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatWillWriteChecks

SpecificationGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpecificationGroup`
Description	A Group consisting exclusively of Specifications. Each Specification may in turn contain component specifications.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Specification^c
Sub-classes	Deal^c

SpecificationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpecificationType`
Description	SpecificationType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for specifications (plays, plans, games) and an argument restriction for the isAnExecutionOf relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	AbstractObjectType^c
Sub-classes	SportType^c InventionType^c RacquetGameType^c GameType^c
Members	Terrorism WebBrowser Activism VisualPattern Specification ScientificMethod SelectionCriterion Method ChoreographySpecification CrissCrossPattern PracticeProcedure OfficialStandard SpreadsheetProgram PlanForAnOperation Backgammon ProblemSolvingProcedure Schedule MathematicalProcedure Differentiation AnalysisOfVariance Coincidence Software CardGame Plan FoodRecipe Imperialism BridgeGame RhetoricalTactic Budget UserInterface MathematicalFormula MultivariateAnalysis Tactic SoftwareAgent Assignment PoliticalPolicy BoardGame Baseline SmartPhoneApp PoeticRhythm TenYearPlan StoryProgram SocialNeworkProgram Apartheid Norm EmulatorProgram Algorithm ContainmentPolicy ConspiracyAgreement StandardSpec DevisedStructuredActivity AgreementClause CodeSpecification Methodology LearningProcedure PatternOfLines Procedure Segregation Agreement StudPoker StandardProcedure GovernmentalPolicy Homework PokerGame TrialAndError Process_PSL ComputerInstruction Bingo StatisticalRegression TravelPlan Constitution ClassInstructionPlan PlaidPattern Checkers PollingMethod Strategy Trend SegregationLaw RectangularPoints CosmeticMeasures DiagnosticProcedure Scheme ProgramForPerformance Policy HedgingTactic TextbookExercise TherapyRegimen FiveYearPlan CounterTerrorism ComputerApplicationProgram LiteraryForm Chess Recipe MentalTestProcedure TestProcedure Benchmark Cadence Darts ComputerProgram ExerciseProgram Plot StatisticalProcedure CourseOfInstructionPlan CommunicationProtocol Index ObjectiveCriteria MeasurementSystem Versification Obligation DanceSpecification Legislation Compiler ComputerInstructionSequence Storyboard

Specificity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specificity`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'specificity' in WordNet: 1. (7) specificity - (the quality of being specific rather than general; "add a desirable note of specificity to the discussion"; "the specificity of the symptoms of the disease")
Super-classes	Particularity^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Specific^c

Specified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specified`
Description	An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations - that have been specified in some communication act, and therefore can be identified by the audience. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'specified' in WordNet: 1. (8) specified - (clearly and explicitly stated; 'meals are at specified times')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	SpecificallyDescribed^c

Specimen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Specimen`
Description	A ''Specimen' is an ''Example'' of some Object or Substance whose properties are sufficiently representative of a type of thing that it is collected (i.e. is a ''FoundObject'') for investigation or exhibition. For a ''Specimen'' of biological tissue taken for analysis, use subtype ''ClinicalSpecimen''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'specimen' in WordNet: 1. (5) specimen - (an example regarded as typical of its class)`
Super-classes	FoundObject^c Role^c Example^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	ClinicalSpecimen^c

Speck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speck`
Description	A TinyObject that is smaller than a 'Grain', solid and hard and not filimentous (a SolidObject so small it cannot be picked up with the fingers, and not distinctly visible, being less than 0.1 mm in diameter). A SpeckOfDust would be about the smallest such object. `Smaller objects would get into the range typical of colloidal suspensions. A pollen 'grain' would be a subtype. For small but somewhat larger solid objects that are the components of a 'powder' use 'Grain' as in 'grain of sand'. Corresponds approximately to sense 2 of 'speck' in WordNet: 2. (1) atom, molecule, particle, corpuscle, mote, speck - ((nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything)`
Super-classes	TinyObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 0.1^c
Sub-classes	PollenGrain^c

Speckle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speckle`
Description	Each ''Speckle' is a ''Spot'' that is not wider than 1 cm. (Perhaps may apply to something larger - 1.5cm?) `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'spot' in WordNet: 4. (2) spot, speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation - - (a small contrasting part of something; 'a bald spot'; 'a leopard's spots'; 'a patch of clouds'; 'patches of thin ice'; 'a fleck of red')`
Super-classes	Spot^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c
Sub-classes	Freckle^c

Speckled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speckled

Description

An Attribute of a surface (usually a flat surface that may be only a portion of an object) that has at least two and usually multiple 'Speckle''s.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'speckled' in WordNet:
            1. (1) dotted, flecked, specked, speckled, stippled - (having a pattern of dots)

Super-classes Spotted^c

Speckles^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speckles`
Description	A Group of ''Speckle''s on some surface.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value OuterPhysicalSurface^c hasComponentElement^op only Speckle^c

Speckling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speckling`
Description	A'''Speckling'' is a subtype of 'SurfaceAttributeChange'' in which the Attribute added is ''Speckled''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'speckle' in WordNet: 2. speckle, bespeckle - (mark with small spots; 'speckle the wall with tiny yellow spots')`
Super-classes	SurfaceAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Speckled^c

Spectacle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spectacle`
Description	A ''Spectacle' is a notable ''SalientEvent'' that affects some Person(s) and has been or is being viewed by some observer(s) (i.e. has a ''View'' as a subEvent) and produces an emotional reaction in the observer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spectacle' in WordNet: 1. (8) spectacle - (something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight); 'the tragic spectacle of cripples trying to escape')`
Super-classes	SalientEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value View^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Person^c causes^op some FeelingType^c

Spectacular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spectacular

Description

''Spectacular'' is more intense than 'Impressive', in creating a very deep impression. This usually implies 'large' in some sense, but the more literal sense of large and impressive is represented by ''Grand''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spectacular' in WordNet:
           1. (4) dramatic, spectacular, striking - (sensational in appearance 
               or thrilling in effect; 'a dramatic sunset'; 'a dramatic pause';
               'a spectacular display of northern lights'; 'it was a spectacular play'; 
               'his striking good looks always created a sensation')

Super-classes Extraordinary^c
Impressive^c
Salient^c

Spectral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spectral

Description

''Spectral'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to the ''ElectromagneticSpectrum'', or to some part of it.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spectral' in WordNet:
         1. (4) spectral - (of or relating to a spectrum; 'spectral colors'; 'spectral analysis')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Spectroscopy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spectroscopy

Description

CYC: This is the technique of analyzing the chemical composition of a substance by seeing what sort of spectrum of electromagnetic radiation is emits when stimulated.

        NOTE: ''Spectroscopy'' has several variants, depending on the kind
        of sample one is testing and the kind of data one hopes to get.
        This included determining both absorption and emission capabilities of
        samples of substance, whether in the visible, or the IR or UV ends of the 
        visible spectrum, as well as measuring wave emission  substance when heated or
        irradiated with other forms of radiation such as X-ray or gamma rays.  Nuclear 
        Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is included here, as it involves measuring a spectrum of 
        EM radiation to determine chemical composition    However, magnetic resonance 
        imaging (MRI) is not a method for analyzing chemical composition nor is it
        a measurement of a 'spectrum', and is not included in this type.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spectroscopy' in WordNet:
          1. (3) spectroscopy, spectrometry, spectroscopic analysis,
              spectrum analysis, spectrographic analysis - 
              (the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra)

Super-classes AnalyticalTest^c

SpectrumOfValues^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpectrumOfValues`
Description	A ''SpectrumOfValues'' is an 'Array' of Objects covering multiple Attribute values for that kind of object, or an array of the AttributeValues for some type of Object, or of types of Activity that are related in some way, arranged in some order (not necessarily quantitatively). This includes the ''ElectromagneticSpectrum'' as a subtype. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'spectrum' in WordNet: 2. (2) spectrum - (broad range of related values or qualities or ideas or activities)`
Super-classes	Array^c
Sub-classes	ElectromagneticSpectrum^c

Speculating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speculating`
Description	''Speculating'' is a first stage in one line of 'Reasoning' , in which a Thinker makes some conjecture about a situation that might occur, which may lead to subsequent reasoning about causes and effects of that situation. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'speculate' in Wordnet: 2. (4) speculate - (talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion; 'We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal')`
Super-classes	Postulating^c Reasoning^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Hypothesis^c
Sub-classes	Supposing^c

Speculative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speculative

Description

''Speculative'' is similar to ''Intuitive'' but may be more firmly based on some related experience, though not sufficient to provide a high-probability assertion about facts.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'speculative' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) notional, speculative - (not based on fact or investigation; 
              'a notional figure of cost helps in determining production costs'; 'speculative knowledge')

Super-classes Mental^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Speech^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speech`
Description	'Speech' represents the sounds made by a Speaking event, but not the Action of speaking; this is the sound from any kind of speaking, not just a formal oration. This is not the activity of 'Speaking' (which see), but the sounds resulting from an instance of 'Speaking'. This is presumed to be done in Air, so the surrounding AirObject is affected. In Cyc called 'SpokenUtterance-IBT' Cyc: A specialization of #$Sound. Each instance of this collection is a sound initially generated by some #$Agent-Generic speaking or making some sound with his/her mouth (or other specifically sonic-information-conveying organ or device). Such sounds may or may not have propositional content -- that is -- instantiate some #$PropositionalInformationThing. If such a sound is recorded and played back, the sound generated is still considered an instance of #$SpokenUtterance-IBT. Note that only the sounds themselves are instances of this collection -- not the activities of making them. This collection is not a specialization of #$Action. (For that, see #$CommunicationAct-Single and its specializations.) An important specialization of this collection is #$AnimalUtterance-IBT. For the more formal 'speech' in which one person addresses and audience, use 'PublicSpeech'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'speech' and noun sense 1 of 'vocalization',and includes noun sense 1 of 'utterance' in WordNet: 3. (4) speech - - (something spoken; 'he could hear them uttering merry speeches') WN noun 'vocalization': 1. voice, vocalization, vocalisation, vocalism, phonation, vox - (the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by the resonance of the vocal tract; 'a singer takes good care of his voice'; 'the giraffe cannot make any vocalizations') WN noun 'utterance': 1. (1) utterance, vocalization - (the use of uttered sounds for auditory communication)
Super-classes	Artifact-Generic^c AudibleSound^c SoundInformationBearingThing^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value AirObject^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Exclamation^c ShooSound^c Whisper^c ShushSound^c InelegantSpeech^c SingingVoice^c Cry^c

SpeechDisorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeechDisorder`
Description	A ''SpeechDisorder'' is an ''UpsetCondition'' in which a Person who is fluent in a language still cannot speak with the normal rhythm and fluency of normal speakers of the language. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speech disorder' in WordNet: 1. speech disorder, speech defect, defect of speech - (a disorder of oral speech)`
Super-classes	UpsetCondition^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Speaking^c
Sub-classes	Stutter^c

SpeechOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeechOrgan`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speech organ' in WordNet: 1. speech organ, vocal organ, organ of speech - (any of the organs involved in speech production)`
Super-classes	InternalOrgan^c
Sub-classes	Glottis^c

Speechless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speechless

Description

'''Speechless''' is the attribute of a Person who is unable to speak (usually very briefly) due to surprise or awe.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'speechless' in Wordnet:
         2. speechless, dumb - (unable to speak temporarily; "struck dumb";
           "speechless with shock")

Super-classes UnableToSpeak^c

Speed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speed`
Description	The term Speed is used in COSMO as an attribute type, not the measure. The measure that is the value of a 'Speed' is a subtype of SpeedMeasure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speed' in WordNet: 1. (25) speed, velocity - (distance travelled per unit time)`
Super-classes	Rate^c PhysicalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	HighSpeed^c

SpeedMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeedMeasure`
Description	Equivalent to the Cyc 'Speed' and to the values returned by SUMO 'SpeedFn'. NOTE that in COSMO 'Speed' is the AttributeType, which takes values of SpeedMeasure. So in 'a speed of 60 mph' the term 'speed' is represented by 'Speed' and '60 mph' is an instance of 'SpeedMeasure'. Cyc: A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$Speed is a rate of change in position (e.g., of a spatially localized thing, such as a physical object or a wave front). Instances of #$Speed include (#$MilesPerHour 65) and (#$Mach-UnitOfSpeed 2). In GML (Geography Markup Language), speed is described as 'Value of a speed, with its units. Uses the MeasureType with the restriction that the unit of measure referenced by uom must be suitable for a velocity, such as metres per second or miles per hour.' Wordnet does not distinguish between the attribute type 'Speed' and the actual value of the attribute. So both are labeled by sense 1 of 'speed'. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'speed' in WordNet: 1. (25) speed, velocity - (distance travelled per unit time)
Super-classes	RateMeasure^c ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	AverageSpeed^c SpeedOverGround^c RateOfDescent^c SpeedOfSound^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VGT_50MPH http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeedOfLight http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_65MPH

SpeedOfSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeedOfSound

Description

''SpeedOfSound'' is the class of ''Speedmeasure''s that characterize the speed at which sound waves will travel in some medium at some temperature and pressure, which depends ont the medium and temperature and pressure.

       As aircraft flying in the atmosphere approach the ''SpeedOfSound''
         they experience an increase in drag called the 'Sound barrier'.

       From Wikipedia:
         Speed of Sound
            The speed of sound is the distance traveled per unit time
            by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium. 
            In dry air at 20  deg C (68 deg F), the speed of sound is 343.2 metres per second,
            or a kilometre in 2.914 sec or a mile in 4.689 s.

Super-classes SpeedMeasure^c

SpeedOverGround^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeedOverGround

Description

Speed Over Ground is a speed measure, measuring the rate at which an object's projected position on the ground travels over the Earth's surface. When used in Maritime environments, it is measured in nautical miles per hour.

    If an object such as an airplane is changing altitude, the SpeedOverGround
    will not be the same as its speed measured within its 
    aerial track.  Also, if an airplane is travelling in a
    wind, the SpeedOverground will not be the same as its
    air speed.

Super-classes SpeedMeasure^c

SpeedingUpaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpeedingUpaVehicle`
Description	An Action in which a ''Driver'' does something to cause a vehicle to accelerate - e.g. to step on the acelerator of an automobile, or move the speed control of an airplane or ship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet ('increasing' parent is 'the act of . . . ' appears to be an intentional transitive meaning): in WordNet: 2. (2) acceleration, quickening, speedup - (the act of accelerating; increasing the speed) WN verb 'accelerate': 2. (1) accelerate, speed, speed up - (cause to move faster; 'He accelerated the car')
Super-classes	AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value DrivingaRoadVehicle^c causes^op value AccelerationOfaVehicle^c

Speedometer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Speedometer

Description

CYC: Device used to measure the speed at which one is travelling.

    This is for any ''Gauge'' that measures and displays the speed at which a vehicle
     is moving, relative to the ground for road vehicles, or relative to the air
     or the speed over ground for air vehicles.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speedometer' in WordNet:
         1. speedometer, speed indicator - (a meter fixed to a vehicle 
             that measures and displays its speed)

Super-classes Gauge^c
MeteringDevice^c

Spell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spell`
Description	A 'Spell' is a state of enchantment similar to one that can be caused by some magical enchantment action such as an incantation. This is used mostly as a fictional notion, but this includes the metaphorical mental state, represented by the subtype ''Jinx''. The properties attributed to spells are very diverse. In a 'Spell' a person may be trancelike or may look very normal, but behave somewhat differently than otherwise. In some cases, a person may be transfigured into and animal or teapot by a spell - there are no limits on what a Spell may do. This type includes ''Spell''s cast on both animate and inanimate things - in fiction, some 'CastingaSpell' actions may transform inanimate things. For ''Spell''s on ''IntentionalAgent''s use subtype ''Jinx''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spell' and sense 2 of 'enchantment' in WordNet. ('trance' would be a subtype, but is not yet (rev873) represented): in WordNet: 1. (4) enchantment, spell, trance - - (a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation)`
Super-classes	MentalState^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value CastingaSpell^c
Sub-classes	Jinx^c

Spelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spelling`
Description	'Spelling' is the act of listing the letters that in sequence form a word, in their proper sequence, orally or in any other medium. This Action creates instances of AlphabeticalCharacters as well as the full WordString that those characters form. a 'Spelling' Action may create the string of a phrase, not just a single word. NOTE that Spelling is a 'LinguisticCommunication'; just spelling a word to oneself is not an instance; therefore a typing event, or writing event, even though it creates letters and words, is not an instance of 'Spelling' - there has to be an audience. `NOTE: the oral and written 'spelling' should be differentiated. @ToDo. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'spell' in WordNet: 1. (2) spell, spell out - - (orally recite the letters of or give the spelling of; 'How do you spell this word?' 'We had to spell out our names for the police officer') 3. (1) spell, write - - (write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word); 'He spelled the word wrong in this letter')`
Super-classes	IBOCreation^c LinguisticCommunication^c UsingALanguage^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some AlphabeticalCharacter^c causedCreationOf^op some WordString^c
Sub-classes	Misspelling^c FingerSpelling^c

SpellingaWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpellingaWord`
Description	This sense of ''SpellingaWord'' is for the act of writing out (by any means or device) a ''Word'' using the letters in some phonetic writing system. This produces a ''written word', and may be done correctly or incorrectly - if the spelling does not conform to some accepted written form of the intended word, the resulting word is 'misspelled'. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'spell' in WordNet: 3. (1) spell, write - (write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word); 'He spelled the word wrong in this letter')`
Super-classes	Writing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value WrittenWord^c mayProduce^op value CorrectSpelling^c

Spelunker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spelunker`
Description	CYC: The collection of all people who enjoy exploring caves. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spelunker' in WordNet: 1. potholer, spelunker, speleologist, spelaeologist - (a person who explores caves)`
Super-classes	Explorer^c Hobbyist^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Spelunking^c

Spelunking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spelunking`
Description	CYC: Cave-exploring events. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spelunk' in WordNet: 1. cave, spelunk - (explore natural caves)`
Super-classes	Exploring^c AthleticActivity^c RecreationalActivity^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some Cave^c hasThingSought^op value InformationAboutaCave^c hasSubEvent^op value EnteringaCave^c

SpendingAllOfaMoneySupply^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpendingAllOfaMoneySupply

Description

The act of using all of a supply of Money - whether that 'supply' is all of one's money, or all of some available or allocated amount for some purpose.

       Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'spend' in WordNet:
         3. (3) spend - (spend completely; 'I spend my pocket money in two days')

Super-classes ExhaustingaSupply^c
SpendingMoney^c

SpendingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpendingMoney`
Description	The act of using part or all of a supply of Money in some form of money transaction. This is a subtype of the action 'ConsumingSomething' in which the object of 'hadObjectModified' is some MoneyObject. An instance of this type does not necessarily require that all of one's available money be spent in the transaction; instances of spending all of one's available money will be instances of both this type and of 'ExhaustingaSupply' (the more restricted sense included as WordNet sense 3 of 'spend', which is not separately represented as of rev875 of COSMO). In Cyc labelled 'Spending' Cyc: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType. Each instance of #$Spending is an instance of #$MoneyTransfer whose #$fromPossessor has no intention of getting any of the money (#$moneyTransferred) back. Thus #$Spending is disjoint with #$Investing, #$Gambling, and #$BorrowingSomething. See the #$SharedNoteOnTheDifferenceBetweenPayingAndSpending. COSMO note: the thing spent is some quantity of Money, represented as a MoneyObject. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'spend' in WordNet: 2. (36) spend, expend, drop - - (pay out; 'spend money') 3. (3) spend - - (spend completely; 'I spend my pocket money in two days') WN verb 'disburse': 1. (1) disburse, pay out - (pay out) WN noun 'expenditure': 2. (3) expending, expenditure - (the act of spending money for goods or services) WN noun 'spending': 1. (1) spending, disbursement, disbursal, outlay -- (the act of spending or disbursing money)
Super-classes	ConsumingSomething^c MoneyTransaction^c PayingWithMoney^c TransferringOwnership^c MoneyTransfer^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value MoneyObject^c hadThingTransferred^op value Expenditure^c
Sub-classes	SquanderingMoney^c MisspendingMoney^c SpendingAllOfaMoneySupply^c

SpendingSpree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpendingSpree`
Description	A SpendingSpree is a ''Spree'' in which a Person induges a whim by spending more money than is necessary or prudent, and performed in a short period of time. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spending spree' in WordNet: 1. spending spree - (a brief period of extravagant spending)`
Super-classes	Spree^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value MisspendingMoney^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Extravagant^c hasSubEvent^op value RetailPurchase^c hasSubEvent^op value Shopping^c

SpendingTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpendingTime`
Description	''SpendingTime'' is an ''Action'' by an Animal that takes some interval of time. `NOTE: although every action by an animal can be considered as ''spending time', This type would be used only for situations where there is a question of whether one ''Action'' rather than another is better or worse for some Agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spend' in WordNet: 1. (99) spend, pass - (pass (time) in a specific way; 'How are you spending your summer vacation?')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c AnimalActivity^c
Sub-classes	Sojourn^c MisspendingTime^c

Spendthrift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spendthrift`
Description	A ''Spendthrift''is a ''Person'' who spends freely and may therefore save little money (unless s/he has a lot of it). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spendthrift' in WordNet: 1. spendthrift, spend-all, spender, scattergood - (someone who spends money prodigally)`
Super-classes	Consumer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SpendingMoney^c

Spermatophyte^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spermatophyte`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spermatophyte' in WordNet: 1. spermatophyte, phanerogam, seed plant - (plant that reproduces by means of seeds not spores)`
Super-classes	VascularPlant^c
Sub-classes	Seedling^c Angiosperm^c BalsamPlant^c

Spermatozoon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spermatozoon

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spermatozoon' in WordNet:
        1. sperm, sperm cell, spermatozoon, spermatozoan - 
            (the male reproductive cell; the male gamete;
            'a sperm is mostly a nucleus surrounded by little other cellular material')

Super-classes Gamete^c

Spewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spewing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spew' in WordNet: 2. spew, spew out, eruct - (eject or send out in large quantities, also metaphorical; 'the volcano spews out molten rocks every day'; 'The editors of the paper spew out hostile articles about the Presidential candidate')`
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	Erupting^c

Sphere^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sphere

Description

This is an abstract shape, not a physical object. It differs from a 'Spheroid' in being closer to a perfect sphere. Given the Cyc description, physical objects with this shape do not have to be perceptibly perfect spheres, since a baseball clearly is imperfect, the ridges being obvious. Exactly where the dividing line is between non-Sphere and Sphere is unclear. Thisincludes both a solid object with a spherical surface, as well as a spherical surface by itself.

     Cyc: A specialization of #$Spheroid (q.v.). Each
        instance of #$Sphere is a three-dimensional object where
        each of the points on the surface of the object is
        equidistant from the object's center. Examples include
        tangible objects such as squash balls, as well as abstract spheres.

        SUMO: The class of ThreeDimensionalFigures such that 
         all GeometricPoints that make up the Sphere are equidistant from a 
         single GeometricPoint, known as the center of the Sphere.

        Includes both senses 5 and 6 of 'sphere' in Wordnet:
          5. sphere - (a solid figure bounded by a spherical surface (including the space it encloses))
          6. sphere - (a three-dimensional closed surface such that every point on the surface is equidistant from the center)

Super-classes ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c

Spherical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spherical

Description

'Spherical' is the property of a three-dimensional object whose surface approximates a Sphere; if hollow, a plane that cuts the Object will create a cross-section that appears as a Circle; if solid, the section will appear as a disc.

        MPTE: same as 'Spheroidal'??? (In COSMO a subtype.)

        Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'spherical' in WordNet:
          2. (1) ball-shaped, global, globose, globular, orbicular, spheric, spherical - 
          (having the shape of a sphere or ball; 'a spherical object'; 'nearly orbicular in shape';
          'little globular houses like mud-wasp nests'- Zane Grey)

Super-classes Spheroidal^c
Convex^c
Round^c

SphericalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SphericalObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that is approximately in the shape of a sphere (spheroid), such as PlanetEarth or a baseball, or basketball, or billiard ball. @ToDo: The permitted deviation from true sphericity is not yet (rev 987) specified. `Includes noun senses 2 and 5 of 'sphere' in WordNet: 2. (5) sphere - (any spherically shaped artifact) 5. sphere - (a solid figure bounded by a spherical surface (including the space it encloses))`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c ConvexTangibleObject^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Spherical^c hasShape^op value Spheroidal^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Sphere^c
Sub-classes	VolleyballBall^c DropOfLiquid^c BaseballBall^c BowlingBall^c Marble^c PingPongBall^c DropOfWater^c Star^c Bead^c SoccerBall^c CroquetBall^c BasketballBall^c TennisBall^c Planet-Generic^c Pellet^c Snowball^c PoloBall^c

Spheroid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spheroid`
Description	A specialization of #$Ellipsoid (q.v.). Each instance of #$Spheroid is an ellipsoid that is (at least) very nearly spherical in shape (see the specialization #$Sphere). The degree to which an ellipsoid may deviate from a perfect sphere and still qualify as a spheroid is difficult to specify precisely and partly depends on the context; but it seems correct in everyday contexts to consider (e.g.) #$PlanetEarth a spheroid and a jelly bean a mere ellipsoid. WordNet does not seems to have exactly the same sense as this type, since the gloss seems to indicate that a perfect 'sphere' would not be an instance (and 'sphere' is not a subtype in WN!!). The type ''Sphere'' is an included subtype of this type. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'spheroid' in Wordnet: 1. spheroid, ellipsoid of revolution - (a shape that is generated by rotating an ellipse around one of its axes; 'it looked like a sphere but on closer examination I saw it was really a spheroid')
Super-classes	Ellipsoid^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Spheroidal^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Sphere^c
Sub-classes	HollowBall^c

Spheroidal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spheroidal`
Description	The property of a 3-dimensional round object all of whose planar cross-sections approximate or are identical to a circle or disc. NOTE: not identical to 'Spherical'??? `The wordNet adjective 'spheroidal' appears to be conflated with 'ellpsoidal' - unclear why: in WordNet: 1. ellipsoid, ellipsoidal, spheroidal, non-circular - (in the form of an ellipse)`
Super-classes	Convex^c Round^c ThreeDimensional^c
Sub-classes	Spherical^c

Sphygmomanometer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sphygmomanometer`
Description	CYC: The collection of all devices made to measure blood pressure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sphygmomanometer' in WordNet: 1. sphygmomanometer - (a pressure gauge for measuring blood pressure)`
Super-classes	MedicalDevice^c PressureGauge^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value BloodPressure^c

Spice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spice`
Description	Seasonings used to add flavor to food. Do the 'preservatives' of WN sense 1 add flavor?? If not they are not included. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'spice' in Wordnet: 1. (1) spice - (aromatic substances of vegetable origin used as a preservative) 2. spice - (any of a variety of pungent aromatic vegetable substances used for flavoring food)`
Super-classes	VegetableMatter^c FoodIngredientOnly^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value SpiceObject^c isDerivedFrom^op value SpiceTree^c
Sub-classes	GroundCloves^c Anise^c Cinnamon-Spice^c Saffron^c CurryPowder^c Garlic^c Nutmeg^c Oregano^c Cloves^c GroundPepper^c Cumin^c Seasoning^c Ginger^c

SpiceObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiceObject`
Description	Plants or parts of plants from which we get Seasonings used to add flavor to food
Super-classes	PlantBLO^c

SpiceTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiceTree`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spice tree' in WordNet: 1. spice tree - (tree bearing aromatic bark or berries)`
Super-classes	FloweringTree^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Spice^c
Sub-classes	CloveTree^c

Spicy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spicy`
Description	Spicy tasting - of Food or FoodObjects. See also 'SpicyTasting' - redundant? @ToDo: decide. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spicy' , and includes (as an intensive subtype?) sense 9 of 'hot' (more specifically represented as 'Hot-Spicy') in WordNet: 1. piquant, savory, savoury, spicy, zesty - (having an agreeably pungent taste) WN adj 'hot': 9. hot - (being very spicy; 'hot salsa'; 'jalapeno peppers are very hot')`
Super-classes	TasteAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Hot-Spicy^c

SpicyTastingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpicyTastingFood`
Description	CYC 'SpicyTaste' is CYC class for substances that taste 'Spicy'. For objects, use the attribute 'Spicy'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spicy' in WordNet: 1. piquant, savory, savoury, spicy, zesty - (having an agreeably pungent taste)`
Super-classes	EdibleStuff^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Spicy^c

Spider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spider`
Description	An Arachnid, typically has eight legs. The restriction on leg number should be for a typical Spider, but is placed here as a placeholder for more detail. Likewise, the restriction 'canCreate SpiderWeb' is for a typical spider. The sizes can vary greatly - hard to restrict. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spider' in Wordnet: 1. (1) spider - (predatory arachnid that usually has silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey)`
Super-classes	VenomousAnimal^c SmallObject^c Arachnid^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value SpiderWeb^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightLegs^c
Sub-classes	SpiderHarmfulToHumans^c

SpiderHarmfulToHumans^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiderHarmfulToHumans`
Description	CYC: The collection of spiders whose venom can be harmful to humans (e.g. #$BlackWidowSpider)
Super-classes	Spider^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Venom^c
Sub-classes	BlackWidow^c Tarantula^c

SpiderShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiderShaped

Description

COSMO note: in Cyc this was an Object, in COSMO it is an AttributeValue.

    Cyc: #$SpiderShaped is the instance of #$ShapeAttribute
        defined by the typical shape of a spider.

        COSMO note: to be recognizable as a spider, the
        eight legs should show in the silhouette, whether top or
        side view.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spider-shaped' in WordNet:
          1. spider-shaped - (shaped in the form of a spider)

Super-classes ShapeAttribute^c

SpiderWeb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiderWeb`
Description	CYC: The collection of webs woven by #$Spiders. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spider web' in WordNet: 2. spider web, spider's web - (a web spun by spiders to trap insect prey)`
Super-classes	PhysicalWeb^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c TrapDevice^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Spider^c

Spike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spike`
Description	A ''Fastener'' similar to a ''Nail'' but larger and thicker, used to hold large objects together. It is not necessarily cylindrical (i.e. not a ''Shaft''); for example railroad spikes have a rectangular cross-section. Usually made of metal, but possibly wood. `Includes noun senses 2, 6, 7, and 8 of 'spike' in WordNet: 2. (1) spike - (sports equipment consisting of a sharp point on the sole of a shoe worn by athletes; 'spikes provide greater traction') 6. spike - (a sharp-pointed projection along the top of a fence or wall) 7. spike - (a long sharp-pointed implement (wood or metal)) 8. spike - (any holding device consisting of a sharp-pointed object)`
Super-classes	DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c LongAndThinThing^c PointyEndedObject^c SmallObject^c Fastener^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheGoldenSpike

Spilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spilling`
Description	Unintentionally causing a liquid to fall from an open-top container. NOTE: this can be caused by a natural Event, such as rain into a stationary container (see subtype ''Runoff''), as well as the unintended motion of a container holding liquid.. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spill' and verb sense 1 of 'slop' in WordNet: 1. (2) spill, slop, splatter - (cause or allow (a liquid substance) to run or flow from a container; 'spill the milk'; 'splatter water')`
Super-classes	PropellingaFluid^c EmittingStuff^c LiquidMotion^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some SubstanceType^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c
Sub-classes	Runoff^c

SpillingTheBeans^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpillingTheBeans`
Description	''SpillingTheBeans'' is similar to ''DisclosingaSecret'' but the Action is not merely revealing any secret, the secret must be about an improper Action that some ''Person''(s) took, and it is performed under circumstances where some people involved are upset by the revelation. This type may be more specific than the WN gloss suggests - more general revelations can be represented by the parent type ''DisclosingaSecret''. The terms used here are mostly colloquial, and are often used by co-conspirators in the ''Wrongdoing'' disclosed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spill the beans' in WordNet: 1. spill the beans, let the cat out of the bag, talk, tattle, blab, peach, babble, sing, babble out, blab out - (divulge confidential information or secrets; 'Be careful-his secretary talks')
Super-classes	Snitching^c DisclosingaSecret^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Blabbermouth^c hasTopic^op value Wrongdoing^c

SpinOff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpinOff`
Description	A ''SpinOff'' is a ''ProductObject'' that is a ''Variant''(a modification or adaptation) of a previously produced ''ProductObject''. `RHW 'spin-off': 2. any product that is an adaption, outgrowth, or development of another similar product: The paperback is a spin-off from the large hardcover encyclopedia. 3. a secondary or incidental product or effect derived from technological development in a somewhat unrelated area.`
Super-classes	ProductObject^c Variant^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Modification^c

Spinach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spinach`
Description	CYC: Spinach-Foodstuff: The green leafy vegetable. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spinach' in WordNet: 2. spinach - (dark green leaves; eaten cooked or raw in salads)`
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c CommodityProduct^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value SpinachPlant^c hasColor^op value DeepGreenColor^c

SpinachPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpinachPlant

Description

The green leafy plant from which the food spinach is obtained.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinach plant' in WordNet:
          1. spinach, spinach plant, prickly-seeded spinach, Spinacia oleracea -
             (southwestern Asian plant widely cultivated for its succulent
             edible dark green leaves)

Super-classes Vegetable-Plant^c
HerbPlant^c
DicotSubclass^c
CropPlant^c

Spinal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spinal

Description

''Spinal'' is an attribute pertaining to the spine (the ''SpinalColumn'') and adjacent locations.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spinal' in Wordnet:
          1. spinal - (of or relating to the spine or spinal cord; 'spinal cord'; 'spinal injury')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c
BodyLocationAttribute^c

SpinalAnesthesia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpinalAnesthesia`
Description	''SpinalAnesthesia'' is an ''Anesthesia'' that causes a loss of sensation in the lower body. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinal anesthesia' in WordNet: 1. spinal anesthesia, spinal anaesthesia, spinal - (anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord)`
Super-classes	Anesthesia^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Anesthetic^c

SpinalColumn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpinalColumn`
Description	The #$SpinalColumn includes every #$Vertebra and the spinal discs. It provides the main support of the #$Torso and #$Head-Vertebrate. SUMO: A flexible column made out of bones called vertebrae. The main function of the SpinalColumn is to protect the spinal cord. Minimum of 5 vertebrae?? The vertebrea are LinearlyOrdered but expressing that would require creting a ''LinearlyOrderedgroup' of Bones, which probaly would have only one subtype. Worthwhile?. In COSMO that parent is reserved for soft tissue regions of some defined function, with recognizable boundaries.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spine' in WordNet: 1. (3) spinal column, vertebral column, spine, backbone, back, rachis - (the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; 'the fall broke his back')
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c SkeletalStructure^c BoneStructure^c ProtectiveSystem^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Back^c hasOrganicPart^op value Vertebra^c hasOrganicPart^op value Vertebrae^c hasThingProtected^op value SpinalCord^c hasComponentElement^op value Vertebra^c hasComponentPart^op value Vertebra^c

SpinalCord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpinalCord`
Description	Cord of nervous tissue that extends from the brain lengthwise along the back in the spinal canal. `SUMO: A cord of nerves that carries impulses to and from the Brain. It is contained within the SpinalColumn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinal cord' in Wordnet: 1. spinal cord, medulla spinalis - (a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tubelike structure extending from the base of the brain through the vertebral canal to the upper lumbar region)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c OrganicObject^c CordlikeObject^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value SpinalColumn^c isLocatedAt^op value Back^c

SpineSpikeOrQuill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpineSpikeOrQuill`
Description	Any long, thin, rigid external projection from an organism large enough to be visible to humans.
Super-classes	OrganismPart^c StraightLongAndThinObject^c SurfaceSpike^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	Thorn^c CactusSpine^c Prickle^c ExternalSpine^c

Spinning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spinning`
Description	Each instance of 'Spinning' is a Rotation in which an Object completes more than one full 360 degrees rotation, quickly enough to be perceptible. The Spinning of the Earth is included, since its effects in the rising and setting of celestial objects are perceptible. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of noun sense 1 of 'spin' in WordNet: WN verb 'spin' 1. (12) spin, spin around, whirl, reel, gyrate - - (revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis; 'The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy') WN noun 'spin': 2. spin, twirl, twist, twisting, whirl - - (the act of rotating rapidly; 'he gave the crank a spin'; 'it broke off after much twisting')`
Super-classes	MultirevolutionRotation^c
Sub-classes	Whirling^c SpinningInaGravitationalField^c

SpinningInaGravitationalField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpinningInaGravitationalField`
Description	''SpinningInaGravitationalField'' is a subtype of 'Spinning' in which the spinning body is in some ''GravitationalFieldRegion''.
Super-classes	Spinning^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Precession^c occursAt^op value GravitationalFieldRegion^c

SpinningObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpinningObject`
Description	A ''PhysicalObject'' that is performing a ''Spinning'' motion; this has certain properties especially in a ''GravitationalField''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Spinning^c

SpinningWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpinningWheel`
Description	A ''SpinningWheel'' is a ''TextileMachine'' that is designed to produce yarn or thread by spinning the raw material to produce a cord having intertwined fibers. Old fashioned, not used for commercial thread production. has a wheel and a spindle `RHW: a device formerly used for spinning wool, flax, etc., into yarn or thread, consisting essentially of a single spindle driven by a large wheel operated by hand or foot. @ToDo: add spindle and treadle? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinning wheel' in WordNet: 1. spinning wheel - (a small domestic spinning machine with a single spindle that is driven by hand or foot)`
Super-classes	Device-UserPowered^c TextileMachine^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ThreadType^c hasComponentPart^op value Wheel^c

Spinster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spinster`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinster' in WordNet: 1. spinster, old maid - (an elderly unmarried woman)`
Super-classes	Woman^c OldHuman^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Old^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NeverMarried^c

Spiny-finnedFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spiny-finnedFish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spiny-finned fish' in WordNet: 1. spiny-finned fish, acanthopterygian - (a teleost fish with fins that are supported by sharp inflexible rays)`
Super-classes	Teleost^c
Sub-classes	Barracuda^c PercoidFish^c Flatfish^c

Spiral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spiral`
Description	'Spiral' is the generic property of a two or three-dimensional object that is long and thin like a line, and winds around a point to create two-dimensional shape like the plane spring of a watch, or winds around a linear axis to form a three-dimensional shape like the helix of a bedspring. This includes the subypes 'Helical' and 'Coiled'. `NOTE: the WordNet 'spiral' adjective seems to include coiled like a watch spring. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'spiral' in WordNet: 1. coiling, helical, spiral, spiraling, volute, voluted, whorled, turbinate - (in the shape of a coil)`
Super-classes	Round^c
Sub-classes	Coiled^c Helical^c Curly^c

SpiralObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiralObject`
Description	A specialization of both #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing and #$RoundObject. This is the collection of all spiral-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$Spiral is a three-dimensional curve with one or more turns about an axis, as in the coiled spring of a wind-up clock. This is a parent class of both approximately planar objects (see subtype 'Coil') and for helices (see subtype 'Helix'). Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'spiral' in WordNet, this includes 2-dimensional objects (coils of a watch spring, grooves on a phonograph recrd) as well as helical, represened by the subtype ''HelicalOject'' in WordNet: 1. coiling, helical, spiral, spiraling, volute, voluted, whorled, turbinate - (in the shape of a coil) WN and close to sense 1 of 'coiled': 1. coiled - (curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals); 'a coiled snake ready to strike'; 'the rope lay coiled on the deck')
Super-classes	RoundObject^c Curve^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Spiral^c
Sub-classes	Coil^c Helix^c Whirlpool^c

Spirit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spirit`
Description	A SupernaturalBeing that has no PhysicalObject for a body, though it might be visible and audible. Some supernatural creatures may have bodies (e.g. elves), in which case they are not clearly instances of this type. This type include free-living spirits such as Devils as well as the immaterial 'Soul' of people and (in some belief systems) animals, that persists after death. The actual existence of such entities is not a commitment of the ontology; the description merely specifies the meaning of the concept, which may exist only in the context of certain belief systems. Approximately the same as the Cyc 'Spirit-Intangible' Ctc: The collection of all intangible supernatural beings. A spirit may be incarnated in a tangible object such as an organism. An important specialization of this collection is #$Soul-Spiritual. Spirits are #$FictionalThings in #$RationalistMt. Includes senses 1 and 4 of 'spirit' in WordNet, but WN sense 1 suggests a more metaphorical interpretation, whereas this type is intended to be literally an immaterial entity, not just a mysterious property of some material entities. When entities have 'spirits' inhabiting them, the spirit does not die when the body does. in WordNet: 1. (45) spirit - - (the vital principle or animating force within living things) 4. (7) spirit, disembodied spirit - (any incorporeal supernatural being that can become visible (or audible) to human beings)
Super-classes	SupernaturalBeing^c
Sub-classes	Soul^c Angel^c Devil^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Antichrist

SpiritWorld^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiritWorld`
Description	A ''SpiritWorld'' can be any of various hypothetical or mystical or imaginary worlds outside of (but possibly interacting with) the RealWorld. This merges 'spirit world' and 'otherworld' in Wordnet. `This corresponds to sense 1 of 'spirit world' and noun sense 1 of 'otherworld' in WordNet: 1. spirit world - (any imaginary place where spiritual beings (demons or fairies or angels or the like) abide; 'science has emptied the spirit world of its former inhabitants') WN noun 'otherworld': 1. otherworld - (an abstract spiritual world beyond earthly reality)`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Brain^c

Spirited^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spirited`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spirited' in Wordnet: 1. (3) spirited - (displaying animation, vigor, or liveliness)`
Super-classes	Active^c

Spiritedness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spiritedness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spiritedness' in WordNet: 1. animation, spiritedness, invigoration, brio, vivification - (quality of being active or spirited or alive and vigorous)`
Super-classes	Activeness^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Spirited^c

Spiritual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spiritual

Description

''Spiritual'' is an AttributeValue broadly applied to things that relate to ''Spirit''s or the ''SpiritWorld''

     Includes adjective senses  2, and 3 of 'spiritual' and sense1 of
        'otherworldly' in WordNet:
   2. (1) spiritual, unearthly - (concerned with or affecting the spirit or soul;
        'a spiritual approach to life'; 'spiritual fulfillment'; 'spiritual values'; 'unearthly love')
         3. (1) spiritual - (lacking material body or form or substance; 'spiritual beings';
            'the vital transcendental soul belonging to the spiritual realm'-Lewis Mumford)
        WN adjective 'otherworldly':
          1. nonnatural, otherworldly, preternatural, transcendental - (existing outside of 
             or not in accordance with nature; 'find transcendental motives for
             sublunary action'-Aldous Huxley)
        WN adj 'transcendent':
           1. (2) transcendent - (beyond and outside the ordinary range of human experience
               or understanding; 'philosophers...often explicitly reject the notion 
               of any transcendent reality beyond thought...and claim to be concerned
               only with thought itself...'- W.P.Alston; 'the unknowable mysteries of life')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SpiritualIllumination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiritualIllumination`
Description	'to see the light' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illumination' in WordNet: 1. (2) light, illumination - (a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; 'follow God's light')`
Super-classes	Awareness^c PersistentState^c ObjectCondition^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c hadMainParticipant^op value Spiritual^c

SpiritualMeditation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiritualMeditation`
Description	''SpiritualMeditation'' is a form of ''Meditating'' about issues having 'religious' significance in some respect, which may (especially in Eastern religions) include ''Introspection'' about one's own internal Feelings or behaviors or attributes. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'meditation' in WordNet: 2. meditation - ((religion) contemplation of spiritual matters (usually on religious or philosophical subjects)) WN verb 'meditate': 2. study, meditate, contemplate - (think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; 'He is meditating in his study')`
Super-classes	Meditating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ReligiousPerson^c hasTopic^op value ReligiousOrMoralBelief^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value Introspection^c

SpiritualSong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpiritualSong

Description

A ''SpiritualSong'' is usually just called a 'spiritual' (noun).

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spiritual' in WordNet:
           1. (2) spiritual, Negro spiritual - (a kind of religious song 
             originated by Blacks in the southern United States)

Super-classes ReligiousSong^c

Spirituality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spirituality

Description

''Spirituality'' is a type of ''Inwardness'' in which a Person is concerned with ''Spiritual' matters, especially of Religious or Ethical Feelings and concerns. This can be any kind of religion, whether theistic or not.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spirituality' in WordNet:
         2. spirituality, spiritualism, spiritism, otherworldliness - (concern with things of the spirit)

Super-classes Inwardness^c

Spiritually^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spiritually`
Description	''Spiritually'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies various types of things that could be characterized as ''Religious' or ''Spiritual''. `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'spiritually' in Wordnet: 1. (3) spiritually - (in a spiritual manner; 'the ninth century was the spiritually freest period')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Religiously^c

Spirochete^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spirochete

Description

CYC: The collection of #$SpirillaBacterium whose shape resembles that of a #$CorkScrew and which move via #$AxialFilaments.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spirochete' in WordNet:
          1. spirochete, spirochaete - (parasitic or free-living bacteria; 
             many pathogenic to humans and other animals)

Super-classes Eubacterium^c

SpitBallPitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpitBallPitch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spitball' in WordNet: 2. spitball, spitter - (an illegal pitch in which a foreign substance (spit or Vaseline) is applied to the ball by the pitcher before he throws it)`
Super-classes	BaseballPitch^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value AgainstSomeRule^c

Spitball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spitball`
Description	A ''Spitball'' is a small ''MarbleSizedObject'' made of crumped paper and spit, rolled into a ball and thrown by hand, usually by children as a prank. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spitball' in WordNet: 1. spitball - (a projectile made by chewing a piece of paper and shaping it into a sphere)`
Super-classes	Projectile^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Paper^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Saliva^c

Spite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spite`
Description	A feeling of Hatred combined with an intention to cause some harm - often minor - to the person hated. `Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'spite' in WordNet: 1. (1) malice, maliciousness, spite, spitefulness, venom - - (feeling a need to see others suffer) 2. cattiness, bitchiness, spite, spitefulness, nastiness - - (malevolence by virtue of being malicious or spiteful or nasty)`
Super-classes	Hatred^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Malicious^c

Spitting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spitting`
Description	This is the collection of acts of forcibly expelling saliva or other liquid from the mouth; expectorating. SUMO: Any instance of Impelling where the origin is the Mouth of the agent. Includes both intransitive and transitive senses of spitting; these can be distinguished, as in Wordnet. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spit' and verb sense 2 of 'expectorate' in WordNet: 1. (11) spit, ptyalize, ptyalise, spew, spue - (expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth; 'The father of the victim spat at the alleged murderer') WN verb 'expectorate': 2. expectorate, cough up, cough out, spit up, spit out - (discharge (phlegm or sputum) from the lungs and out of the mouth)
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c CastingSomething^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c EmittingAnObject^c Impelling^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Mouth^c hasStartingPlace^op value Mouth^c hadEmittedThing^op value Saliva^c

SpittingImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpittingImage`
Description	The term 'spitting image' is used as a quality and as an embodiment of the quality. 'Embodiment'? `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spitting image' in WordNet: 1. spitting image - (a perfect likeness or counterpart)`
Super-classes	Alikeness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value SimilarLooking^c

SplashingSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SplashingSound`
Description	A ''SplashingSound'' is the kind ofsound one hears when surf breaks on the shore of a large body of water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'splash' in WordNet: 1. (1) splash, plash - (the sound like water splashing)`
Super-classes	Noise^c
Sub-classes	Splat^c

SplashingWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SplashingWater`
Description	'SplashingWater'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' in which the Object struck is some ''BodyOfWater'' `CYC 'Splashing': The striking or pushing of a liquid in such a way as to make parts of it airborn. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'splash' in WordNet: 7. splash - (strike and dash about in a liquid; "The boys splashed around in the pool") WN noun 'splash': 6. splash, splashing - (the act of scattering water about haphazardly)`
Super-classes	StrikingAnObjectEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value WaterObject^c hadObjectStruck^op some BodyOfWater^c

Splat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Splat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'splat' in WordNet: 1. splat - (a single splash; 'he heard a splat as it hit the floor')`
Super-classes	SplashingSound^c

Spleen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spleen

Description

Stores blood, involved in final destruction of blood cells, and produces lymphocytes.

        SUMO: An Organ on the left side of the body that produces 
          Cells that play a crucial role in immune response.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spleen' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) spleen, lien - (a large dark-red oval organ on the left side
            of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells
            involved in immune responses)

Super-classes InternalOrgan^c

Splendid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Splendid

Description

Being both 'Beautiful'and 'Impressive' in some manner, applied to objects (but not to people as objects) or actions.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'splendid' and sense 4
         of 'glorious' in WordNet:        
         1. (7) glorious, resplendent, splendid, splendiferous -
            (having great beauty and splendor; 'a glorious spring morning'; 
            'a glorious sunset'; 'splendid costumes';
            'a kind of splendiferous native simplicity')

Super-classes Beautiful^c
Impressive^c

Splicing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Splicing`
Description	''Splicing'' is the act of bringing together and connecting two long and thin objects at the ends so as to make a longer object of the same kind. `This includes splicing film or electrical wires, which need to be added as subtypes. Includes verb senses 1 and 4 of 'splice' in WordNet: 1. (1) splice - (join the ends of; 'splice film') 4. splice - (join by interweaving strands; 'Splice the wires')`
Super-classes	Connecting^c Action^c Attaching^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value FilamentlikeObject^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Longer^c produces^op value FilamentlikeObject^c

Splint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Splint`
Description	A stiff object which is used to give support to an injured joint or fractured bone. `This is for longer rod-shaped splints. For joints?? For arm slings, use NOTe that a ''Splint'' needs some kind of ''Bandage'' to fasten it to the injured part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'splint' in WordNet: 2. splint - (an orthopedic mechanical device used to immobilize and protect a part of the body (as a broken leg))`
Super-classes	SomethingToWear^c MedicalDevice^c SupportingObject^c MechanicalDevice^c NonPoweredDevice^c LongAndThinObject^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	supportsPartly^op value FracturedBone^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Bandage^c

SplittingApart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SplittingApart`
Description	Each ''SplittingApart'' is a 'ComingApart' into at least two pieces of a brittle object, such as glass or ceramic, or a stiff wood that breaks cleanly. The breaking of a bone into two parts is also included. An appearance of a simple crack in an object is not an instance. This is an intransitive sense. This 'breaking' is due to externally applied force, and not from internal force, which is a 'Bursting'. `For a splitting apart of a brittle object that causes separation into multiple piees, use subtype ''Shattering'. WN Cyc: Generic breaking events, in which some rigid WN tangible object gets broken. WordNet verb 'break' in WordNet: 2. (13) break, separate, split up, fall apart, come apart - (become separated into pieces or fragments; 'The figurine broke'; 'The freshly baked loaf fell apart')`
Super-classes	BreakingEvent^c ComingApart^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some BrittleObject^c
Sub-classes	NuclearFission^c Shattering^c

SplittingInTwo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SplittingInTwo`
Description	CYC: A collection of purposeful separation events in which something splits apart, often at a seam (e.g. in an item of clothing), perforation, or grain-line (e.g. in a piece of wood). That is, two areas of the thing are separated from one another (though perhaps not separated completely into discrete pieces or parts). Usually, a splitting occurs along a single line or plane that runs parallel to, and for a significant distance relative to, the length of the thing split. In order to undergo a #$Splitting, the #$objectOfStateChange must be in a #$Solid-StateOfMatter. See also #$Cracking. This differs from ''Halving'' in that the object is a RigidObject, not a soft or granular or liquid object. NOTE: ''SplittingInTwo'' differs from the parent in that the number of resulting 'parts' are exactly two, and the Object is a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'halve' and part of verb sense 1 of 'split' (into two parts) in WordNet: 1. (6) halve - (divide by two; divide into halves; 'Halve the cake') WN verb 'split': 1. (4) divide, split, split up, separate, dissever, carve up - (separate into parts or portions; 'divide the cake into three equal parts'; 'The British carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I')
Super-classes	HalvingSomething^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op exactly 2 causes^op value ComingApart^c hadObjectModified^op value RigidObject^c

Spoiled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spoiled

Description

'Spoiled' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes Food or FoodObjects that have undergone sufficient decomposition to be unsafe to eat. For food that has become stale but is still edible, use 'Stale'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spoiled' in WordNet:
         2. bad, spoiled, spoilt - ((of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable 
           condition; 'bad meat'; 'a refrigerator full of spoilt food')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Spoiling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spoiling`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In a #$Spoiling event, an object deteriorates to the point that it is no longer suitable for its intended purpose (whether that purpose is natural or imposed). For example, spoiled food is food which has become inedible (either too unhealthy and/or too unappetizing to eat). Note that spoiled food might still be quite suitable for compost; being 'spoiled' is always relative to some intended use. `The spoiling of food is the specific subtype ''"SpoilingOfFood'', NOT for 'spoiling' children! Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spoil' in WordNet: 2. (1) spoil, go bad - (become unfit for consumption or use; 'the meat must be eaten before it spoils') WN noun spoiling': 1. spoilage, spoiling - (the process of becoming spoiled)`
Super-classes	Decaying^c DeteriorationEvent^c WorseningEvent^c
Sub-classes	SpoilingOfFood^c

SpoilingOfFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpoilingOfFood`
Description	The decomposition of some 'FoodObject' to the point where it is not considered fit to eat. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spoil' in WordNet: 2. (1) spoil, go bad - - (become unfit for consumption or use; 'the meat must be eaten before it spoils')`
Super-classes	BiologicalDecompositionEvent^c Spoiling^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some FoodObject^c

SpoilingSomething^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpoilingSomething

Description

Each 'SpoilingSomething' is an action that failed to achieve its intended result, and in the process caused a situation where some desired action could not be performed. This is very general, and can apply to damage caused to some object, or to psychological changes that make some social interaction impossible, among other things. This includes 'spoiling' one's chances to do something. This sense differs from the parent 'Failing' in that a 'Failing' in general need not preclude succeeding on another attempt; this sense implies that some desired action cannot now be performed because of the Failing.

      NOTE that 'Failing' in general need not be unpleasant, as it
      may be a common and expected  outcome of some type of effort.
      But 'SpoilingSomething' will be disappointing.

      For the sense of 'spoiling' a performance, the incorrect performance
      of part makes it impossible to correctly perform the whole - this 
      then includes the sense in WN example:'the pianist screwed 
          up the difficult passage in the second movement'

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spoil' in WordNet:
       1. (2) botch, bodge, bumble, fumble, botch up, muff, blow,
          flub, screw up, ball up, spoil, muck up, bungle, fluff, bollix,
          bollix up, bollocks, bollocks up, bobble, mishandle, louse up,
          foul up, mess up, fuck up - - (make a mess of, destroy or ruin; 
          'I botched the dinner and we had to eat out'; 'the pianist screwed 
          up the difficult passage in the second movement')

Super-classes Failure^c
UnpleasantEvent^c
MistakenAction^c

Spoke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spoke`
Description	A ''Spoke'' is a ''Rod'' made of some rigid material, that connects the ''Hub'' and ''WheelRim'' of a ''Wheel''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spoke' in Wordnet: 1. (2) spoke, wheel spoke, radius - (support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Rod^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Wheel^c isDesignedToAttachTo^op value Hub^c isDesignedToConnect^op value HubAndRim^c isDesignedToAttachTo^op value WheelRim^c

Spoken^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spoken

Description

''Spoken'' is the attribute of words that were produced by a ''Speaking'' action.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spoken' in Wordnet:
      1. (2) spoken - (uttered through the medium of speech or 
          characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination; 
          'a spoken message'; 'the spoken language'; 'a soft-spoken person'; 'sharp-spoken')

Super-classes Oral^c

SpokenCommunicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpokenCommunicating`
Description	A specialization of #$AudioCommunicating. Each instance of #$SpokenCommunicating is a transmission of sound-borne verbal information by spoken words between two or more agents (in this way #$SpokenCommunicating differs from #$Speaking, which is a #$SingleDoerAction). The communication may be one-way or two-way (or multi-way). Examples of #$SpokenCommunicating include a telephone conversation, a classroom discussion, and the #$GettysburgAddress-Speech. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'speech' in WordNet: 2. (7) speech, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, language, voice communication, oral communication - - ((language) communication by word of mouth; 'his speech was garbled'; 'he uttered harsh language'; 'he recorded the spoken language of the streets')`
Super-classes	Talking^c Speaking^c AudioCommunicating^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spoken^c
Sub-classes	SpeakingEnglish^c SpokenWords^c SayingShush^c Shouting^c Monologue^c Jesting^c Retort^c TelephoneConversation^c PublicSpeaking^c OralConversation^c NonStandardSpeech^c SayingShoo^c SpeakingFluently^c

SpokenWords^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpokenWords`
Description	''SpokenWords'' is the type that represents the actual words that a Person has spoken. This can be used to quote what a perso has said, rather than summarize or provide an interpretation. This in essence takes an instance of ''SpokenCommunicating'' and breaks it down into the group of individual words used, in sequence. Those wods can be recobined to recover the phrases or the whole communication. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'words' in WordNet: 1. (55) words - (the words that are spoken; 'I listened to his words very closely')`
Super-classes	Group^c SpokenCommunicating^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Word^c

Spokesperson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spokesperson`
Description	A ''Spokesperson'' is a ''Proponent'' who performs the ''SupportingAction'' of communicating with the public to explain and defend the Person or cause that the ''Spokesperson'' supports. `Includes 'spokesman' and 'spokeswoman' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spokesperson' in WordNet: 1. spokesperson, interpreter, representative, voice - (an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose; 'the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government') WN 'spokesman: 1. (1) spokesman - (a male spokesperson) WN 'spokeswoman': 1. spokeswoman - (a female spokesperson) WN 'mouthpiece': 3. mouthpiece, mouth - (a spokesperson (as a lawyer)`
Super-classes	Representative^c Proponent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RepresentingAnAgent^c

Sponge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sponge`
Description	`The natural referent for the fictional character 'Sponge Bob, Square Pants'. But the natural 'Sponge''s do not 'live in a pineapple' though they do live 'under the sea'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'sponge' in WordNet: 4. sponge, poriferan, parazoan - (primitive multicellular marine animal whose porous body is supported by a fibrous skeletal framework; usually occurs in sessile colonies)`
Super-classes	MarineOrganism^c Invertebrate^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sessile^c hasTypicalHabitat^op value SeaBed^c

SpongeArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpongeArtifact`
Description	A ''SpongeArtifact'' is an ''Absorbent'' ''SpongyObject'', used when saturated ''Soaked'') with water, for various purposes, such as absorbing liquids from surfaces or washing objects with soapy water. This can be made from the skeleton of a natural ''Sponge'' (an animal that lives in a stationary position under a body of SeaWater), or from a highly porous synthetic polymer. The natural sponge can be an added subtype when needed. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'sponge' (includes synthetic 'sponges') in WordNet: 1. (1) sponge - (a porous mass of interlacing fibers that forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and is usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used)`
Super-classes	SpongyObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SpongyStuff^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Absorbent^c

Spongy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spongy

Description

An attribute of PhysicalObjects specifying solid substances or objects that can be compressed easily with moderate force, and will resume their original shape when the force is removed. The foam used in foam pillows is an instance. Some types of cake also have that property; the softer parts of flesh, such as where muscles are, have this property.

        This attribute is a subtype of 'Compressible' specifying
        a higher degree of compressibility (compressing to the
        same extent with less force).  A cork stopper is 
        compressible, but not spongy.  A foam pillow is
        spongy.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spongy' in Wordnet:
            1. (2) spongy, squashy, squishy, spongelike - (easily squashed;
              resembling a sponge in having soft porous texture and compressibility; 'spongy bread')

Super-classes Compressible^c
Soft^c

SpongyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpongyObject`
Description	An Object that is Absorbent.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spongy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absorbent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SpongyStuff^c
Sub-classes	Pad^c SpongeArtifact^c BreadObject^c Marshmallow^c ScouringPad^c Cushion^c Pincushion^c

SpongyStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpongyStuff`
Description	Any substance that is 'spongy', i.e. compressible and recovers its original shape; it may also be Absorbent. `NOTE: the WordNet does not distinguish between an object and the substance it is made of, so this WN synset is used to label both. This is the substance. For the porous 'sponge' used in cleaning surfaces, see ''SpongeArtifact''. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'sponge' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sponge - (a porous mass of interlacing fibers the forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spongy^c

Sponsor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sponsor`
Description	A ''Sponsor'' is a ''Proponent'' (a 'Supporter'') of a Person in any of several ways - such as being one whose recommendations about providing positions to people are often accepted, or who provides direct financial assistance for a person to engage in activities (such as creating art). This includes sponsoring a ''Protege''. `RHW definitions included here: 1 a person who vouches or is responsible for a person or thing. 3. a person who makes a pledge or promise on behalf of another. RHW sonms: 1. patron, backer; guarantor. includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sponsor' in WordNet: 1. (4) patron, sponsor, supporter - (someone who supports or champions something) 2. presenter, sponsor - (an advocate who presents a person (as for an award or a degree or an introduction etc.))`
Super-classes	Supporter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op some (SponsoringaPerson^c or Patronage^c)

SponsoringaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SponsoringaPerson`
Description	''SponsoringaPerson'' is a broad class of Actions in which a Person or Organization provides some kind of support for a a person to perform some activities (other than political support, represented in ''SupportingaCause''. The support can be a recommendation for a person to get a job or position or to get financial spport, or to directly give that person financial support, The supported person gets some form of sponsorship, and the sponsoring agent is a ''Sponsor''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sponsor' and sense 1 of noun 'sponsorship' in WordNet: 1. (26) sponsor, patronize, patronise - (assume sponsorship of) WN noun 'sponsorship': 1. (3) sponsorship - (the act of sponsoring (either officially or financially))`
Super-classes	Benefiting^c ShowingSupportForSomething^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some Person^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Sponsor^c

Spontaneous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spontaneous

Description

''Spontaneous'' is an Attribute of Events that are not directly caused by the actions of an Animal.

       RHW: 3. (of natural phenomena) arising from internal forces 
        or causes; independent of external agencies; self-acting.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spontaneous' in Wordnet:
         1. (8) spontaneous, self-generated - (happening or arising 
           without apparent external cause; 'spontaneous laughter';
           'spontaneous combustion'; 'a spontaneous abortion')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SpontaneousCombustion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpontaneousCombustion`
Description	''SpontaneousCombustion'' is a ''Fire'' in which something starts to burn without having been set on fire (i.e. was not caused by a ''SettingSomethingOnFire'').. This term 'Spontaneous Combustion' may be interpreted as the internal 'cause' of a Fire or as the initial phase. Here it represents the whole Event of a fire that was not set by a Person or some natural force such as ''"LightningEvent'' or electrical short or volcanic activity. IF one wants to represent ''SpontaneousCombustion'' as the initial phase of a spontaneos Fire, a subtype of ''Ignition'' would be appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spontaneous combustion' in WordNet: 1. spontaneous combustion - (ignition of a substance (as oily rags) resulting from an internal oxidation process)
Super-classes	Fire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spontaneous^c

Spontaneously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spontaneously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'spontaneously' in Wordnet: 1. (2) spontaneously - (in a spontaneous manner; 'this shift occurs spontaneously')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Spoofing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spoofing

Description

''Spoofing'' is a ''Mocking'' (mimicking) of Person in a humerous manner.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spoof' in WordNet:
          1. spoof, burlesque, parody - (make a parody of; 'The students spoofed the teachers')

Super-classes Imitating^c

Spooking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spooking`
Description	This is a subtype of ''FrighteningEvent'' mostly used for things that can frighten ''NonHumanAnimal''s, but the term 'spook' may be applied to frightening people. Not clear if there is anything more specific to describe usage with people. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spook' in WordNet: 1. spook - (frighten or scare, and often provoke into a violent action; 'The noise spooked the horse')`
Super-classes	FrighteningEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value RunningAway^c causes^op value Fear^c

Spooky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spooky

Description

''Spooky'' pertains to a ''Ghost'' or ''Phantom'' that is a subSttribute of ''Ghostly'' characterizing things that are ''Eerie''

       No WN sense for this.
         RHW 'spooky':
            like or befitting a spook or ghost; suggestive of spooks.

Super-classes Ghostly^c
Eerie^c

Spool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spool`
Description	COSMO note: the CYC gloss indicates that a Spool is designed to have a CordlikeObject wound around it, but this COSMO type includes Spools that are designed to have a SheetOfSomeStuff (like tape or plastic or aluminum wrap) wrapped around it as well. `NOTE that the subtypes 'bobbin' and 'reel' mentioned in the WordNet gloss are specialized and should be represented separately. @ToDo CYC The set of cylinder shaped objects whose primary purpose is to have a #$CordlikeObject wound around them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spool' in WordNet: 1. bobbin, spool, reel - (a winder around which thread or tape or film or other flexible materials can be wound)`
Super-classes	Device^c CylindricalObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c

SpoolableObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpoolableObject`
Description	Any thin SolidObject that can be wound on a spool. Subtypes are 'SheetOfSomeStuff' and 'CordlikeObject'
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	CordlikeObject^c

Spoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spoon`
Description	An implement one can use for scooping or stirring. A Spoon used to carry food to the mouth is the subtype 'Spoon-EatingUtensil'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spoon' in WordNet: 1. (4) spoon - (a piece of cutlery with a shallow bowl-shaped container and a handle; used to stir or serve or take up food)`
Super-classes	FoodUtensil^c LiquidContainer^c
Sub-classes	ServingSpoon^c MeasuringSpoon^c Spoon-EatingUtensil^c

Spoon-EatingUtensil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spoon-EatingUtensil`
Description	CYC: The collection of eating implements often used to carry inherently messy, liquid or semi-liquid foods to the mouth. All instances of SpoonSilverwarePiece are instances of #$SilverwarePiece, but this is not true for all instances of Spoon. `Corresponds only to part of noun sense 1 of 'spoon' in WordNet: 1. (4) spoon - (a piece of cutlery with a shallow bowl-shaped container and a handle; used to stir or serve or take up food)`
Super-classes	Spoon^c EatingUtensil^c
Sub-classes	TeaSpoon^c TableSpoon^c

Sporadic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sporadic

Description

''Sporadic' is an attribute having the general meaning of 'ocurring at irregular intervals'. This can modify assertions to assert that the Events described occur more than once, at some unspecified and varying intervals of time.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sporadic' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) sporadic - (recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances; 
            'a city subjected to sporadic bombing raids')

Super-classes Recurring^c

Sporadically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sporadically

Description

''Sporadically' is an adverb having the general meaning of 'ocurring at irregular intervals'. This can modify assertions to assert that the Events described occur more than once, at some unspecified and varying intervals of time.

     Corresponds to part of adverb sense 1 of 'periodically' in Wordnet:
       1. sporadically, periodically - (in a sporadic manner; 'he only works sporadically')

Super-classes Periodically^c

Spore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spore`
Description	A single spore from spore-producing organism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spore' in WordNet: 1. (2) spore - (a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion; 'a sexual spore is formed after the fusion of gametes')`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c ReproductiveBody^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 0.1^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op some SporeFormerType^c

SporeFormerType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SporeFormerType`
Description	''SporeFormerType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for relations on spore-forming organisms generally. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	OrganismType^c
Members	Fungus BakersYeast SporeFormingBacterium Mildew Mold-Fungus Yeast Mushroom NonFloweringPlant

SporeFormingBacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SporeFormingBacterium`
Description	A 'SporeFormingBacterium'' is any Bacterium that can reproduce by forming spores.
Super-classes	Bacterium^c Heterotroph^c

Sport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sport`
Description	CYC: The collection of all sports considered as abstract activities. See #$SportsEvent for events of engaging whole units of such sports and #$AthleticActivity for activity of the type engaged in while performing sports. Sports which are also games, are members of the collection #$SportsGame. The activity of participating in SPORT is an instance of (#$PlayingFn SPORT). SUMO: A Game which requires some degree of physical exertion from the participants of the game. COSMO note: In COSMO, 'Sport', a is not a subtype of 'Game' because some 'Sport''s are not competitions (see ''Acrobatics'') However, like 'Game' each ''Spot'' has some set of rules specifying the way the ''Sport'' is to be executed. The actual physical execution of a Sport is categorized as 'SportsEvent' Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 1 of 'sport' in WordNet; WN considers only athletics to be a sport, but competitive games such as chess or pool are also considered 'sport' by some (e.g. RHW sense 2 'diversion; recreation; pleasant pastime.') and are included here. in WordNet: 1. (11) sport, athletics - (an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition) WN noun 'athletic game': 1. athletic game - (a game involving athletic activity)
Super-classes	DevisedStructuredActivity^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value AthleticActivity^c
Sub-classes	Rugby^c Fencing^c Cricket-TheGame^c Skating-Sport^c Football-TheSport^c Boxing^c BallSport^c Karate^c TeamSport^c Gymnastics^c Bullfighting^c Hockey^c Cycling^c Pool^c Archery^c

SportCourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportCourse`
Description	A ''SportCourse'' is a flat ''PlotOfLand'' used for playing some sport. It could be of any size reasonable for a ''Facility''. This includes 'golf course' and 'race course' and 'race track'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'course' in WordNet: 3. (147) course - (facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport; 'the course had only nine holes'; 'the course was less than a mile')`
Super-classes	FlatObject^c PlotOfLand^c SportsFacility^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value SportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	GolfCourse^c RaceCourse^c

SportMallet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportMallet`
Description	A ''SportMallet'' is a 'SportsImplement' having a long handle with a head having two flat ends, that is or can be used as an instrument to play some ''SportsEvent'' like a ''PoloGame'' or ''CroquetGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mallet' in WordNet: 1. mallet - (a sports implement with a long handle and a head like a hammer; used in sports (polo or croquet) to hit a ball)`
Super-classes	SportsImplement^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SportsEvent^c hasComponentPart^op value MalletHead^c hasComponentPart^op value LongHandle^c

SportType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportType`
Description	SportType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for specifications of sports (games) and an argument restriction for the isAnExecutionOf relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	ActionType^c SpecificationType^c
Members	LacrosseGame Karate Bodybuilding DoubeHeader Badminton Boxing BaseballInning SportsEvent Pool Acrobatics BallSport Sport Volleyball Soccer Cricket-TheGame Fencing BaseballSeries Rugby BaseballEvent CroquetGame SoftballGame Cycling Golf Bullfighting PoloGame TeamSport BaseballGame Gymnastics NightcapGame FieldGame SoccerGame Archery Hockey Skating-Sport Baseball Basketball BaseballHit Football-TheSport Tennis

Sporting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sporting`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sporting' in Wordnet: 2. (3) sporting - (relating to or used in sports; 'sporting events'; 'sporting equipment')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sports^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sports

Description

''Sports'' is an attribute that pertains to a ''Sport'' or ''SportsEquipment'' or ''SportsEvent'' or anything else that relates to ''Sport''.

         No WN sense for this.
         RHW adjective 'sports':
           1. of or pertaining to a sport or sports, esp. of the open-air or athletic kind: 
                 a sports festival.
           2. (of garments, equipment, etc.) suitable for use in open-air sports,
                 or for outdoor or informal use.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SportsAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsAction`
Description	A purposeful action in sports, commonly used and practiced.
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value SportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	SportsPlay^c SportsPenalizing^c

SportsArena^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsArena`
Description	This is a Building (includes a 'stadium') with lots of seats designed for viewing sports games. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sports arena' in WordNet: 1. (1) field house, sports arena - (a building for indoor sports)`
Super-classes	Building^c SportsFacility^c
Sub-classes	SkatingRink^c

SportsClub^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsClub

Description

In CYC this is part of 'Club-Organization'. Here it is broken uot separately. Q?? what's the difference between a 'SportsClub' and a 'SportsTeam'?

      CYC: 
      The collection of all Clubs. Each element of
        #$Club-Organization involves a group of people (i.e.
        typically more than one) who share some common
        characteristic (e.g. profession, interest, experience) and
        participate through membership in the organization, usually
        meeting periodically.

        Includes sense 1 noun 'club' in WordNet:
          1. (14) baseball club, ball club, club, nine - (a team of professional 
               baseball players who play and travel together;
               'each club played six home games with teams in its own division')

Super-classes SportsOrganization^c

SportsCoach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsCoach`
Description	CYC: The collection of persons who instruct or train athletes (individually or in teams) in the performance of some sport. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coach' in WordNet: 1. (20) coach, manager, handler - ((sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Teacher^c
Sub-classes	BasketballCoach^c

SportsCompetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsCompetition`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes both individual Games and a series of games. It is therefore a Group of ''SportsEvent''s and it includes the occasion of a single ''SportsEvent'' as a subtype. `NOTE: this is for competitions in which only humans participate. For 'sports' involving animals (with or without people) use ''AnimalSportEvent''. The collection of #$Competitions consisting primarily of one or more #$SportsEvents. See its specializations #$SportsFormalCompetition and #$SportsEvent also.`
Super-classes	Event-Organized^c AthleticActivity^c ActionGroup^c Competition^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only SportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	Playoff^c SportsEvent^c Rodeo^c DualScoreEvent^c TournamentRound^c Race^c Tournament^c InternationalSportsCompetition^c

SportsEquipment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsEquipment`
Description	Equipment, generally manufactured, which is used in the performance of some sport. This does not include playing fields, terrain (snow, turf), or other sports-related surroundings (like pool water). It does include skis, golf clubs, catcher's masks, bows and arrows, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sports equipment' in WordNet: 1. sports equipment - (equipment needed to participate in a particular sport)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Device^c
Sub-classes	CueStick^c IndianClub^c Trampoline^c WindSurfboard^c Sled^c Shuttlecock^c CueBall^c Surfboard^c Skate^c BilliardBall^c Frisbee^c BowlingBall^c Hurdle^c PingPongBall^c SkateBoard^c Snorkel^c SnowBoard^c SoccerBall^c GolfClub^c Discus^c Javelin^c BasketballBall^c GolfBall^c TennisBall^c Racquet^c WaterSki^c FreeWeight^c PoolTable^c BaseballEquipment^c ShootingTarget^c BowlingPin^c

SportsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsEvent`
Description	A specialization of both #$GameEvent and #$SportsCompetition. Each instance of #$SportsEvent is an execution of a 'Sport', which is the set of rules describing how the game should be played. Each instance of SportsEvent is an entire sports competition at the end of which either a winner is declared or a draw is declared. For instance, an entire sandlot baseball game would be a #$SportsEvent, but the first inning of that game would not, since the first inning is a proper part of the game, and since neither a winner nor a draw is declared at the end of the first inning. Note that several #$SportsEvents can be organized into a #$SportsFormalCompetition (q.v.); for example, the 2001 World Series was a #$SportsFormalCompetition consisting of seven #$SportsEvents. Specializations of #$SportsEvent include #$BaseballGame, #$TennisMatch, and #$FootballGame-American. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athletic contest' in WordNet: 1. athletic contest, athletic competition, athletics - (a contest between athletes)`
Super-classes	SportsCompetition^c GameEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Pleasure^c isAnExecutionOf^op some (Sport^c or SportType^c)
Sub-classes	CombatSportsEvent^c FieldSportsEvent^c IndividualSkillSport^c WaterSportActivity^c CourtGame^c AcrobaticManeuver^c DualScoreEvent^c IndividualSportsCompetition^c Skiing^c MatchSportsEvent^c PlayoffGame^c MultipleSkillEvent^c CurlingGame^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff

SportsFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsFacility`
Description	SUMO: A specially designated and maintained facility where Sports are played. Note that this covers sports fields, stadiums, and gymnasiums. `COSMO note: this does not have to be a full structure- it can be part of a structure. See subtype ''Gymnasium''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athletic facility' in WordNet: 1. athletic facility - (a facility for athletic events)`
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op some SportType^c
Sub-classes	AthleticFieldPart^c SportsArena^c SportCourse^c GameCourt^c Gymnasium^c Stadium^c AthleticField^c

SportsFieldLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsFieldLine`
Description	Each ''SportsFieldLine'' is a ''Mark'' in the shape of a straight line, on the surface of an ''AthleticField'' that marks some portion or boundary of the field. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'line' in WordNet: 20. (1) line - (in games or sports; a mark indicating positions or bounds of the playing area)`
Super-classes	Mark^c LineOnaSurface^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value AthleticField^c hasShape^op value StraightLine^c
Sub-classes	TennisCourtBaseline^c BaseballBaseline^c

SportsGoalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsGoalObject`
Description	A ''SportsGoalObject'' is a SolidObject' into or beyond which the players of one team try to propel some small propellable game device (ball, puck) to score a point (a 'goal'). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'goal' in WordNet: 3. (16) goal - (game equipment consisting of the place toward which players of a game try to advance a ball or puck in order to score points)`
Super-classes	GameArtifact^c GameEquipment^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value GameEvent^c isLocatedAt^op value AthleticField^c
Sub-classes	SoccerGoalNet^c

SportsImplement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsImplement`
Description	A 'SportsImplement' is an ''Implement'' that is or can be used as an instrument to play some ''SportsEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sports implement' in WordNet: 1. sports implement - (an implement used in a sport)`
Super-classes	UsefulThing^c Device^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	SportMallet^c

SportsJudge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsJudge`
Description	See the list of subtypes of ''SportsOfficial'' in the comment to that entry. `CYC: The collection of official reviewers who produce the scores in JudgedSportsEvents, following complex rules and making aesthetic judgments about the quality of sports performances in those events.`
Super-classes	SportsOfficial^c
Sub-classes	BaseballUmpire^c Referee^c

SportsLeague^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsLeague`
Description	A ''SportsLeague'' as a Group of ''SportsTeam''s organized as an Association that organizes the play of games among the members. CYC: A collection of organizations. An element of #$SportsLeague is an organization of sports team organizations, specialized by sport. Important types of #$SportsLeague are #$MajorLeague, #$MinorLeague, and college sports league. In many cases, sports leagues are further specialized by region (continent, country, or region). Examples: #$NationalFootballLeague, #$NationalHockeyLeague, #$CentralDivision-NBA, #$NationalLeagueEast-Baseball. SUMO: An Organization whose members are SportsTeams and whose purpose is to set up games between its members. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'league' in WordNet: 1. (9) league, conference - (an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members)
Super-classes	SportsOrganization^c Association^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only SportsTeam^c
Sub-classes	MinorLeague^c LittleLeague^c BaseballLeague^c MajorLeague^c BasketballLeague^c

SportsOfficial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsOfficial`
Description	People who enforce the rules of sports, such as Referee, Umpire, Linesmen, etc. In Wordnet this type has several subtypes: football official - (an official who enforces the rules at a football game) linesman - (official (in tennis, soccer, football, etc.) who assists the referee in some way (especially by watching for out of bounds or offside)) referee, ref - ((sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play) scorekeeper, scorer - (an official who records the score during the progress of a game) starter, dispatcher - (the official who signals the beginning of a race or competition) timekeeper, timer - ((sports) an official who keeps track of the time elapsed) umpire, ump - (an official at a baseball game) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'official' in WordNet: 2. (3) official - (someone who administers the rules of a game or sport; 'the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling')
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c PersonWithOccupation^c Adjudicator^c
Sub-classes	Scorekeeper^c SportsJudge^c

SportsOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsOrganization`
Description	$SportsOrganization is a specialization of `#$EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization and #$ActivityTypeFocusGroup. Each instance of #$SportsOrganization is an organization whose main function is involved with #$SportsEvents.`
Super-classes	EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization^c PrivateSectorOrganization^c
Sub-classes	SportsLeague^c BasketballTeam^c SportsTeam^c BaseballTeam^c SportsClub^c

SportsPenalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsPenalizing`
Description	An action taken by a sports official to reprimand a competitor or player for a sports infraction. `No WN sense specific for this.`
Super-classes	SportsAction^c Penalizing^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op value ViolatingaSportsRule^c isPerformedBy^op some SportsOfficial^c
Sub-classes	Disqualification^c

SportsPlay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsPlay`
Description	A ''Maneuver'' within a ''SportsEvent'' that can be referenced as a single completed Action, though it may have a number of component actions. A 'double play' in a ''BaseballGame'' or an 'ace' serve in tennis would be examples. `Closest to noun sense 3 of 'manuever', and includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'play'in WordNet: 3. maneuver, manoeuvre, play - (a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill; 'he made a great maneuver'; 'the runner was out on a play by the shortstop') WN noun 'play': 3. (8) play - (a preset plan of action in team sports; 'the coach drew up the plays for her team')`
Super-classes	SportsAction^c Motion^c Maneuver^c AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value SportsEvent^c occursDuring^op some GameEvent^c
Sub-classes	FootballPlay^c FootballBlitz^c BaseballPitch^c

SportsRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsRule`
Description	A ''SportsRule'' is a ''RuleForBehavior'' created by a ''SportsOrganization'' to guide proper action during a ''SportsEvent'' NOTE that games like Chess and Checkers are also considered 'Sports' for this purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'rule' in WordNet: 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess')`
Super-classes	RuleForBehavior^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value SportsOrganization^c isDefinedInContext^op some SportType^c

SportsTeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SportsTeam`
Description	A ''SportsTeam'' is a ''Team'' organized to .compete with other teams in a ''SportsCompetition''. CYC: #$SportsTeam is specialization of #$Team and #$SportsOrganization. Each instance of #$SportsTeam is a group of people who regularly play on one team during (more-or-less frequent) team sports games. A sports team may be a commercial, professional team supported by a large full-time staff, or it may be semi-pro or amateur. Only #$Athletes are members of the team itself; staff would belong to a related team organization. Examples of #$SportsTeam include: #$PittsburghSteelers, #$PittsburghPirates, #$PittsburghPenguins. SUMO: A GroupOfPeople who habitually play a Sport together, either as an occupation or as a leisure activity. In WN there seems to be no synset for this concept, just for the specific types of sports teams.
Super-classes	Competitor^c Team^c SportsOrganization^c
Restrictions	wasaCompetitorInCompetition^op some SportType^c isaParticipantIn^op value TeamSport^c
Sub-classes	BaseballTeam^c DefensiveTeam^c BasketballTeam^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RedSox http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkYankees

Sportscaster^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sportscaster

Description

a person who reads and/or reports the sports on a television or radio program.

        Includes those who describe the play-by-play (including the 'color' announcer),
          and one who only reports the scores.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sportscaster' in WordNet:
          1. sports announcer, sportscaster, sports commentator - 
             (an announcer who reads sports news or describes sporting events)

Super-classes MediaProfessional^c
Announcer^c

Sportsman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sportsman`
Description	A''Sportsman'' is an Athlete who engages in ''SportsEvent''s. `NOTE: the difference between ''Athlete'' and ''Sportsman'' is unclear. Exmples of usage are needed to make a logical distinction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sportsman' in WordNet: 1. (6) sport, sportsman, sportswoman - (someone who engages in sports)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value SportsEvent^c

Sportsmanlike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sportsmanlike

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sportsmanlike' in Wordnet:
         1. clean, sporting, sporty, sportsmanlike - 
            (exhibiting or calling for sportsmanship or fair play; 'a clean fight'; 
            'a sporting solution of the disagreement'; 'sportsmanlike conduct')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Spot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spot`
Description	Each 'Spot' is a 'Mark' (a contrasting region on a surface) that is relatively compact, not necessarily perfectly round, but not a line or combination of lines. For a Spot that is a blemish or a dirt spot or stain, see the subtypes under 'Blemish'. It can be 'seen' (if not obstructed), so is located on some ''OuterPhysicalSurface''. `A small ''Spot'' (less than 1 cm wide) might be referred to as a ''Speckle'', which is included here but is also the more specific subtype ''Speckle''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'spot' in WordNet: 4. (2) spot, speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation - - (a small contrasting part of something; 'a bald spot'; 'a leopard's spots'; 'a patch of clouds'; 'patches of thin ice'; 'a fleck of red')`
Super-classes	Mark^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Round^c isLocatedAt^op some OuterPhysicalSurface^c
Sub-classes	Speckle^c ReligiousForeheadMark^c

SpotOfFreshPaint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpotOfFreshPaint`
Description	A ''SpotOfFreshPaint'' is a quantity of Paint that may have the width of a few centimeters or smaller, spread more or less flat on some surface. This is used to represent the paint spots on an artist's ''Palette''.
Super-classes	UncontainedLiquidObject^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Paint-undried^c

Spotlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spotlight`
Description	An electric lighting device that emits a strong beam of light, that can be narrowly focused to highlight an object or area.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spotlight' in WordNet: 2. spotlight, spot - (a lamp that produces a strong beam of light to illuminate a restricted area; used to focus attention of a stage performer)`
Super-classes	PortableObject^c ElectricalLightingDevice^c
Restrictions	emits^op value LightBeam^c

Spotlighting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spotlighting`
Description	''Spotlighting'' is a ''Highlighting'' where the thing highlighted is a part of a PhysicalArea (indoor or outdoor), and the means is to increase the illumination of that area by pointing a spotlight on it. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spotlight' in WordNet: 2. spotlight - (illuminate with a spotlight, as in the theater)`
Super-classes	Highlighting^c IlluminatingSomethingAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value SolidObject^c typicallyUsesDevice^op value Spotlight^c

Spots^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spots`
Description	A Group of ''Spot''s on some surface.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some OuterPhysicalSurface^c hasComponentElement^op only Spot^c

Spotted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spotted`
Description	An Attribute of a surface (including a human face) that has at least two and usually multiple ''Spots''. `For red spots on a face, use subtype ''Freckled''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spotted' in Wordnet: 1. patched, spotty, spotted, black-and-white - (having spots or patches (small areas of contrasting color or texture); 'a field patched with ice and snow'; 'the wall had a spotty speckled effect'; 'a black-and-white spotted cow')`
Super-classes	Patterned^c
Sub-classes	Freckled^c Speckled^c Dotted^c

Spotting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spotting`
Description	''Spotting'' is a subtype of ''Seeing'' which is the brief Event during which a person first notices something visible, using the eyes (with or without the aid of opical devices).. This event may be involuntary. Having noticed something,the Person doing the ''Spotting'' may or may not continue seeing that object in an intentional ''Looking'' Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spot' in WordNet: 1. (18) descry, spot, espy, spy - (catch sight of)`
Super-classes	Seeing^c Observing^c
Sub-classes	Sighting^c

Spouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spouse`
Description	The Role of a Husband or Wife, or more generically, a 'DomesticPartner' who is in a legal 'marriage'. . In Cyc represented only as the relation 'spouse'. See 'hasSpouse' for the comparable COSMO relation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spouse', sense 1 of 'partner', and sense 4 of 'mate' in WordNet: WN 'partner' 1. (8) spouse, partner, married person, mate, better half - (a person's partner in marriage)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c DomesticPartner^c ReciprocalRole^c
Restrictions	hasSpouse^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Wife^c Bride^c Husband^c Newlywed^c Groom^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatrickCassidy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DianeCassidy

Spout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spout`
Description	A ''Spout'' is a small tubular ''FluidConduit'' that is attached to a portable ContainerArtfact (a kettle or teapot or watering can or similar liquid container from which the water is poured and which has a tubular form, not just a bottle neck) to allow controlling the direction of the stream of liquid contents toward some object when the container is tilted (partly inverted) thus pouring out some or all of the contents. On a ''TeaPot'' it may direct hot water or tea, on a ''WateringCan'' it directs Water toward a Plant to be tended. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'spout' (for liquids), in WordNet: 1. spout - (an opening that allows the passage of liquids or grain)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c Exit^c ArtifactObject^c Pipe-GenericConduit^c FluidConduit^c SimplePipe^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value PouringLiquidFromaContainer^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c servesAsaPathFor^op value AqueousSolution^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LiquidContainer^c

SpoutOpening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpoutOpening`
Description	A ''SpoutOpening'' is an ''OpeningInAnArtifact'' that allows a fluid (usually a liquid) to exit the Object. Where the ''FluidObject'' is a ''GranularObject'', the ''SpoutOpening'' needs a wider aperture than for a LiquidObject. Some ''SpoutOpening''s have multiple small oenings,to provide a spray-like stream to exit. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spout' in WordNet: 1. spout - (an opening that allows the passage of liquids or grain)`
Super-classes	OpeningInAnArtifact^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c servesAsaPathFor^op value FluidObject^c enablesOrAssists^op value ExitingOfFluidFromaContainer^c
Sub-classes	ShowerHead^c Nozzle^c

Spouting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spouting`
Description	CYC: Exhaling through a blowhole done by cetaceans. `This ''Spouting'' is an exhaling by a cetacean (hwales, most saliently) that includes visible liquid in the exhaling that is done by blowing the air through the blowhole.`
Super-classes	Spurting^c BlowingAirFromLungs^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Cetacean^c

Sprain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sprain`
Description	This is the Bodypart. Having a ''Sprain'' could be represented as a subtype of ''InjuryCondition'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprain' in WordNet: 1. sprain - (a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments)`
Super-classes	WrenchedBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Painful^c hasOrganicPart^op value Ligament^c

SprainingaBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SprainingaBodyPart`
Description	This represents both causing and suffering a ''Sprain''. RHW: 1. to overstrain or wrench (the ligaments of an ankle, wrist, or other joint) so as to injure without fracture or dislocation. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sprain' in WordNet: 1. (1) twist, sprain, wrench, turn, wrick, rick - (twist suddenly so as to sprain; 'wrench one's ankle'; 'The wrestler twisted his shoulder'; 'the hikers sprained their ankles when they fell'; 'I turned my ankle and couldn't walk for several days')`
Super-classes	SingleDoerAction^c AnimalActivity^c IncurringPhysicalDamage^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Sprain^c hadAffectedBodypart^op some Ligament^c

Sprawling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sprawling

Description

This sense of ''Sprawling'' characterizes an ObjectGroup (of PhysicalObjects) that are arranged in a more disorderly manner than they could be, due usually to lack of care or attention.

       NOTE: the sense of 'sprawling' in 'sprawling settlements' or 'a sprawling suburb'
         is represented by ''WidelySpaced''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sprawling' in Wordnet:
         1. sprawling, straggling, straggly - (spreading out carelessly (as if wandering)
            in different directions; 'sprawling handwriting'; 'straggling branches'; 'straggly hair')

Super-classes Spaced^c

SprawlingPosture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SprawlingPosture`
Description	Each ''SprawlingPosture'' is a 'SittingEvent' in which a ''Person'' is (usually) sitting (or lying) with legs and often arms spread out rather than close to the body. `NOTE: specifying that arms are not touching the Torso and the legs are not touching each other Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sprawl' in WordNet: 1. (8) sprawl - (sit or lie with one's limbs spread out)`
Super-classes	Posture^c SittingOrLyingPosture^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value SupportingObject^c hasSubjectOfState^op value Person^c

SprayGun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SprayGun`
Description	A ''SprayGun'' is an ''Applicator'' used to apply paint to some surface. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spray gun' in WordNet: 1. spray gun - (an applicator resembling a gun for applying liquid substances (as paint) in the form of a spray)`
Super-classes	Applicator^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ApplyingPaint^c

Spraying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spraying`
Description	Directing a #$FluidTangibleThing from one place to another by expelling it with force, rather than along a #$FluidConduit. However, typically, such a conduit is used to direct the fluid to the point where the #$Spraying begins. NOTE: ''spraying'' can be multidirectional or directed at some specific object or area, as in fighting a fire. SUMO: Any instance of Transfer of a Liquid which is accomplished by converting the Liquid into a mist. Includes transitive and intransitive senses 1 and 2 of verb 'spray' in Wordnet: 1. (3) spray - (be discharged in sprays of liquid; 'Water sprayed all over the floor') 2. (2) spray - (scatter in a mass or jet of droplets; 'spray water on someone'; 'spray paint on the wall') WN noun 'spraying': 3. spraying - (the application of a liquid in the form of small particles ejected from a sprayer)
Super-classes	FluidFlow-Translation^c SpreadingASubstance^c PropellingaFluid^c EmittingStuff^c LiquidMotion^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	SprayingWater^c Airbrushing^c

SprayingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SprayingDevice`
Description	CYC: A collection of tangible objects, containers which are designed to spray out their contents, and which are more or less self-contained systems for doing so. An instance of #$SprayingDevice is a container for liquids which has a part that causes the contents to spread out into a mist when they are emitted. Aerosol cans, plant sprayers, and inhalant devices (e.g., for asthma medication) are all instances of #$SprayingDevice. Non-examples include lawn sprinklers, the spray nozzles that fit on the end of hoses, a rain cloud, a runny nose, etc. A borderline example includes the case where a powder is being sprayed, rather than a liquid.
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c SmallObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Spraying^c isUsedInAction^op value Spraying^c
Sub-classes	ShowerHead^c

SprayingWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SprayingWater`
Description	''SprayingWater'' is Directing ''Water''. This is usually an intentional Action, but could be used to describe a natural process, or even an accidental spraying caused by e.g. a leak in a plumbing fixture.
Super-classes	WaterMotion^c Spraying^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	SprayingWaterDirectionally^c

SprayingWaterDirectionally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SprayingWaterDirectionally`
Description	''SprayingWaterDirectionally'' is intentionally Directing ''Water'' in a relatively narrow rather than broad stream, to direct it at some specific object or area, to make it or the ground around it wet.
Super-classes	SprayingWater^c PurposefulAction^c Wetting^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some PhysicalObjectType^c mayUseInstrument^op value Hose^c

Spread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spread`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'spread' in Wordnet: 5. spread, paste - (a tasty mixture to be spread on bread or crackers)`
Super-classes	Paste^c Condiment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spreadable^c
Sub-classes	Pate^c Mayonnaise^c

Spreadable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spreadable

Description

Spreadable is a physical attribute of substances that are viscous liquids, like paint, or very soft solids, like butter. When spread on a surface, they tend to stick even when the surface is tilted, rather than running off as would water or another non-visous liquid. These substances are often used by spreading with a brush or knife.

      The substance with this attribute run the range from
      viscous liquids to soft solids like butter or jam.

      There is no entry for 'spreadable' in WordNet. 
      RHW 'spreadable': 'capable of being spread; easily spread: a soft, spreadable cheese'

Super-classes SemiSolid^c
Viscous^c

SpreadingASubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpreadingASubstance`
Description	COSMO note: 'SpreadingASubstance' is an Event in which some liquid or granular substance, or some number of similar objects that can be treated as a substance of course granularity, is distributed over some area, usually a surface. This type includes both active and passive senses of 'spread', but does not include 'distribute' in the sense of giving things to multiple people, nor does it include abstract objects such as information, nor spreading disease.. Cyc: The collection of events in which a substance (instance of an #$ExistingStuffType) is spread out over a volume or area. Important specializations of #$SpreadingASubstance are #$SpreadingStuffOntoSurface and #$SpreadingStuffOntoSurfaceWithTool. This is distinct from spreading out something like a blanket for which the event type #$SpreadingSheetOntoSurface should be used. Includes verb senses 3, 7, 9, and 10 of 'spread' in WordNet: 3. (5) spread, overspread - - (spread across or over; 'A big oil spot spread across the water') 7. (3) spread, scatter, spread out - - (strew or distribute over an area; 'He spread fertilizer over the lawn'; 'scatter cards across the table') 9. spread - - (cover by spreading something over; 'spread the bread with cheese') 10. spread - - (distribute over a surface in a layer; 'spread cheese on a piece of bread')
Super-classes	ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c SpreadingThingsAround^c
Sub-classes	Smearing^c SprinklingStuff^c Spraying^c ScatteringGranularStuff^c RollingOutSomething^c

SpreadingOfaPathogen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpreadingOfaPathogen`
Description	The diffusion of multiple pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells into and throughout some region of a host's body. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'invasion' in WordNet: 3. invasion - ((pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body; 'the tumor's invasion of surrounding structures') WN noun 'metastasis': 1. metastasis - (the spreading of a disease to another part of the body) WN verb 'invade': 4. invade - (penetrate or assault, in a harmful or injurious way; 'The cancer had invaded her lungs')`
Super-classes	Encroachment^c Diffusing^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Cancer^c isaSubEventOf^op value Infection^c hasParticipant^op some PathogenType^c
Sub-classes	SpreadingOfaTumor^c

SpreadingOfaTumor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpreadingOfaTumor`
Description	''SpreadingOfaTumor'' is the subtype of ''SpreadingOfaPathogen'' that is caused by a metastatic ''Tumor''. `There is no WN synset specific to Tumot metastasis. Corresponds to part (for ''Tumor''s) of verb sense 1 of 'metastasis' in WordNet: 1. metastasis - (the spreading of a disease to another part of the body)`
Super-classes	SpreadingOfaPathogen^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value Tumor^c isaSubEventOf^op value Cancer^c

SpreadingOverAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpreadingOverAnObject`
Description	''SpreadingOverAnObject'' represents the Actionin which some Solid or Liquid object or substance comes to cover most or all of some SolidObject (or at least its top surface), at least temporarily. This can occur naturally (in a rainstorm) or by an IntentionalAgent. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spread over' in WordNet: 1. (3) cover, spread over - (form a cover over; 'The grass covered the grave')`
Super-classes	Touching^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Motion^c hadThingAffected^op some SolidObject^c hadObjectTouched^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	CoveringWithLiquid^c

SpreadingThingsAround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpreadingThingsAround`
Description	Each ''SpreadingThingsAround'' is an Action in which an Agent takes an Object or substance and puts them or (for animals) causes them to move into different locations, whether by hand or by use of some Device, or (for people) by command or making the initial location unpleasant, or inadvertantly by shedding things in the course of moving or Action.. The ''ObjectGroup'' can be particles or droplets of some LiquidSubstance, so in the subtype ''SpreadingASubstance'' the patient of this Action can be viewed as a ''PhysicalSubstance'' (any instance of ''SubstanceType''). The final location of the objects spread out can be ordered as specified before the action, or (especially in the subtypes) randomly determined by a spraying or strewing Action. This can also be applied to 'spreading' knowledge or emotions. `Coresponds to verb sense of 'spread' in WordNet: 1. (24) spread, distribute - (distribute or disperse widely; 'The invaders spread their language all over the country')`
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c
Sub-classes	DistributingObjects^c ScatteringObjects^c SpreadingASubstance^c

Spreadsheet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spreadsheet

Description

A ''Spreadsheet'' is a ''DatabaseTable'' created by a ''SpreadsheetProgram''.

      NO WN sense for this.
        RHW non 'spreadsheet':
          1.Accounting:  a work sheet that is arranged in the manner 
             of a mathematical matrix and contains a multicolumn analysis of related 
             entries for easy reference on a single sheet.

Super-classes DatabaseTable^c

SpreadsheetProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpreadsheetProgram`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spreadsheet' in WordNet: 1. spreadsheet - (a screen-oriented interactive program enabling a user to lay out financial data on the screen)`
Super-classes	ComputerApplicationProgram^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op only Spreadsheet^c

Spree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spree`
Description	A ''Spree'' is an ''IndulgingaDesire'' Action that is performed without restraint. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spree' in WordNet: 1. (4) spree, fling - (a brief indulgence of your impulses) WN verb 'spree': 1. spree - (engage without restraint in an activity and indulge, as when shopping) WN noun 'binge': 1. orgy, binge, splurge - (any act of immoderate indulgence; "an orgy of shopping"; "an emotional binge"; "a splurge of spending")`
Super-classes	IndulgingaDesire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unrestrained^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enjoyable^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c
Sub-classes	SpendingSpree^c

Sprightliness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sprightliness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprightliness' in WordNet: 1. liveliness, life, spirit, sprightliness - (animation and energy in action or expression; 'it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it')`
Super-classes	Activeness^c
Sub-classes	Twinkle^c Vigor^c Pep^c

Spring-Device^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spring-Device`
Description	A 'Spring-Device' may be in any of several shapes, but in all cases is intended to provide some force when compressed from its free position; springs on cars may be linear; in bedsprings may be helical; and in watches and other wind-up devices may be coiled. In any case there are fixed ends to provide flexible movement with some unstressed position to which it will tend to return by providing a force. Bed springs, springs in car suspensions, coiled springs in wind-up devices. For the coiled spring of a wind-up watch or toy, use 'CoiledSpring' `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'spring' in WordNet: 3. (31) spring - (a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed; 'the spring was broken')`
Super-classes	KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c ElasticObject^c
Sub-classes	CoiledSpring^c HelicalSpring^c

Spring-WaterSource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spring-WaterSource`
Description	A specialization of #$LandTopographicalFeature. Each instance of #$Spring-WaterSource is a place from which a small stream of fresh water flows. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spring' in WordNet: 2. (35) spring, fountain, outflow, outpouring, natural spring - (a natural flow of ground water)`
Super-classes	UsefulSource^c LandTopographicalFeature^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Water^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Water^c isaSourceOf^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	HotSpring^c

SpringBreak^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpringBreak

Description

A ''SpringBreak'' is a type of 'Recess' occurring in a school year in Spring.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spring break' in WordNet:
          1. spring break - (a week or more of recess during the spring term at school)

Super-classes Recess^c
HumanRelaxingEvent^c

SpringSeason^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpringSeason

Description

COSMO note: the calendar season, occurring at different times in the Northern and Southern hemisphere.

     See ''CalendarSpring''

    SUMO: The SeasonOfYear that begins at the spring equinox and ends at
       the summer solstice.

      Cyc: A specialization of#$SeasonOfYear.  Each instance
        of #$SpringSeason is, in a temperate climate cycle (see
        #$TemperateClimateCycle), the time ice from the preceding
        Winter melts, the average temperature starts to increase,
        the days get longer, plants begin to put forth buds, etc.
        Note that #$SpringSeason represents the climatic aspects of
        spring; it is _not_ a specialization of #$CalendarSpring.
        For the collection of the purely temporal  aspects of
        spring, see #$CalendarSpring.

Super-classes SeasonOfYear^c

Sprinkler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sprinkler`
Description	This is a generic water 'sprinkler' that includes the small type used for watering gardens and lawn, is well as the larger type of pipe mounted on wheels that is used for irrigating crops. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprinkler' in WordNet: 1. sprinkler - (mechanical device that attaches to a garden hose for watering lawn or garden)`
Super-classes	PlumbingFixture^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value SprayingWater^c hasDesignFunction^op value WateringPlants^c isConnectedTo^op value WaterSupplySystem^c

SprinklingStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SprinklingStuff`
Description	''SprinklingStuff'' is the Action of ''Spreading'' a substance (granular or liquid) from a compacted form (lump, ball, containerfull, handful) onto the surface of an Object (including a land surface, compact or wide). Any surface portion of an Object may serve as the destination of the scattering, as for example if an object with sticky stuff on its surface is rotated while ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' is occurring above - so that the whole object may have the scattered stuff sticking to its surface. The verb 'sprinkle' can be used transitively, so this type requires an asertion of the Object that was sprinkled. This differs from ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' in that the substance scattered does not ultimately densely cover the surface it is sprinkled onto, and the substance in ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' cannot be liquid. This type should be used for sprinkling resulting in (relatively) widely separated parts of the starting substance. There probably will be some overlap with ''ScatteringGranularStuff''. Corresponds to part of verb senses 3,4, and 6 of 'scatter' (for granular materials, not liquids) in WordNet: 3. (2) scatter, sprinkle, dot, dust, disperse - (distribute loosely; 'He scattered gun powder under the wagon') 4. (1) scatter - (sow by scattering; 'scatter seeds') 6. spread, scatter, spread out - (strew or distribute over an area; 'He spread fertilizer over the lawn'; 'scatter cards across the table')
Super-classes	SpreadingASubstance^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some (GenericLocation^c or GenericAgent^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c) hadObjectMoved^op some GranularSubstanceType^c hadThingTransferred^op some GranularSubstanceType^c hadThingAffected^op some GranularSubstanceType^c

Sprint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sprint`
Description	`A 'sprint' is a part (for ''Footrace''s) of noun sense 1 of 'sprint' in WordNet: 1. dash, sprint - (a quick run)`
Super-classes	IndividualSportsCompetition^c ShortDistanceFootRace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Sprinter^c

Sprinter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sprinter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprinter' in WordNet: 1. (2) sprinter - (someone who runs a short distance at top speed)`
Super-classes	Footracer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Sprint^c

Sprite^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sprite

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of Sprite (a trademarked name).

      This is for the substance ''Sprite'' - the SodaPop.

Super-classes SodaPop^c

Sprout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sprout`
Description	A ''Sprout'' is a recently emerged Plant or part of a Plant (considered a 'plant organ' in WN) that is young and usually fragile. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprout' in WordNet: 1. sprout - (any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud)`
Super-classes	PlantOrgan^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Young^c
Sub-classes	PlantBud^c

Spruce^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spruce

Description

The substance spruce, a type of Wood, not a tree. As ''Lumber'' this type of substance must already have been cut from the tree.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spruce' in WordNet:
          1. spruce - (light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork)

Super-classes Lumber^c
OrganicSubstance^c
Wood^c

SpruceTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpruceTree

Description

CYC: The collection of spruce trees.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spruce' in WordNet:
         2. spruce - (any coniferous tree of the genus Picea)

Super-classes Tree^c
ConiferousTree^c

Spur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spur`
Description	A ''Spur'' is a small ''ProddingDevice'' attached to the heel of a ''Shoe' or ''Boot'' worn by a horse rider, used in riding horses, to 'spur' (prod) the Horse to move or to move faster. `Seen in Cowboy movies (''WesternMovie''s) and depictions of a ''HorseRace''.. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'spur' in WordNet: 4. (1) spur, gad - (a sharp prod fixed to a rider's heel and used to urge a horse onward; 'cowboys know not to squat with their spurs on')`
Super-classes	ProddingDevice^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value ShoeOrBoot^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sharp^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Thrusting^c

Spurge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spurge`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spurge' in WordNet: 1. spurge - (any of numerous plants of the genus Euphorbia; usually having milky often poisonous juice)`
Super-classes	Bush^c
Sub-classes	Poinsettia^c

SpurningAnOffer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpurningAnOffer`
Description	Each ''SpurningAnOffer'' is a 'DecliningAnOffer' `NOTE: the logic of 'with contempt' here is represented as: 'hasSubEvent' - 'Contempt' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spurn' in WordNet: 1. (2) reject, spurn, freeze off, scorn, pooh-pooh, disdain, turn down - (reject with contempt; 'She spurned his advances')`
Super-classes	Refusing^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Contempt^c

SpurringAnActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpurringAnActivity`
Description	''SpurringAnActivity'' is an Action taken to encourage, incite, or stimulate some Activity by providing some form of support, whether moral or material. `In addition to ''SpurringAnActivity'', the subtypes can include ''FundRaising'', ''FundingaProject'', ''FundingAnInsitution'', ''OfferingaReward'' and ''"FundingAnInsitution''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spur' in WordNet: 1. (2) spur - (incite or stimulate; 'The Academy was formed to spur research')`
Super-classes	ShowingSupportForSomething^c PromotingSomething^c
Sub-classes	FundRaising^c FundingaProject^c OfferingaReward^c

SpurringaHorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpurringaHorse`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spur' in WordNet: 4. (1) spur - (goad with spurs; 'the rider spurred his horse')`
Super-classes	GoadingAnAnimal^c
Restrictions	hadAnimalHandled^op value Horse^c hadAffectedAgent^op value Horse^c isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Spur^c

Spurting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spurting`
Description	Each ''Spurting'' is an ''IssuingForth'' in which the PhysicalObject (a ''LiquidObject'') which emerges comes out driven by some force and does not flow gently. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'spurt' in WordNet: 1. spurt, spirt, gush, spout - (gush forth in a sudden stream or jet; "water gushed forth")`
Super-classes	IssuingForth^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some LiquidObject^c
Sub-classes	Spouting^c

Spy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spy`
Description	A ''Spy'' is a ''SecretAgent'' . `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'spy' in WordNet (this is for spies working for a government): in WordNet: 1. (3) spy, undercover agent - ((military) a secret agent hired by a state to obtain information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors)`
Super-classes	SecretAgent^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op some Country^c

SpySatellite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SpySatellite`
Description	CYC: The collection of all artificial satellites (#$Satellite-Device) which are designed for collecting data for use by a #$GovernmentIntelligenceOrganization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spy satellite' in WordNet: 1. spy satellite - (a satellite with sensors to detect nuclear explosions)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSatellite^c
Restrictions	orbits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

Spyglass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spyglass`
Description	A ''Spyglass'' is a small ''RefractingTelescope'' that is held in the hand, used mostly to observe distant objects on the surface of the Earth,land or sea. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spyglass' in WordNet: 1. field glass, glass, spyglass - (a small refracting telescope)`
Super-classes	HandHeldObject^c PortableObject^c RefractingTelescope^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Spying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spying`
Description	''Spying'' is ''Monitoring'' and an ''Investigation'' performed by a national security organization on targets outside the home country of that organization. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spy' and noun sense 1 of 'espionage' in WordNet: 3. spy - (secretly collect sensitive or classified information; engage in espionage; 'spy for the Russians') WN noun 'espionage': 1. (1) espionage - (the systematic use of spies to get military or political secrets)`
Super-classes	Monitoring^c Investigation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Surreptitious^c

Squad-Military^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squad-Military`
Description	A Squad-Military is a Squad of soldiers, typically about 11 members, headed by a Sergeant. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squad' in WordNet: 1. (8) squad - (a smallest army unit)`
Super-classes	ArmyUnit^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op value Company-Military^c

Squadron-MilitaryEchelon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squadron-MilitaryEchelon

Description

Echelon and unit designation in both the United States Air Force and the United States Marine Corps.

       Includes noun senses 1, 2, adn 3 of 'squadron' in WordNet:
          1. (1) squadron - (a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops 
              and headquarters and supporting arms)
          2. (1) squadron - (an air force unit larger than a flight and smaller than a group)
          3. squadron - (a naval unit that is detached from the fleet for a particular task)

Super-classes ModernMilitaryOrganization^c

SquanderingMoney^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquanderingMoney

Description

''SquanderingMoney'' is a ''MisspendingMoney'' that is wasteful. For 'squandering' of resources other than Money, use ''SquanderingResources''.

       Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'squander' in WordNet:
         2. consume, squander, waste, ware - (spend extravagantly; 'waste not, want not')

Super-classes SpendingMoney^c
WastingSomething^c

SquanderingResources^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquanderingResources

Description

This is a ''WastingSomething'' of resources that are not necessarily money.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'squander' in WordNet:
        1. waste, blow, squander - (spend thoughtlessly; throw away;
           'He wasted his inheritance on his insincere friends'; 
           'You squandered the opportunity to get and advanced degree')

Super-classes WastingSomething^c

Square^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Square

Description

A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Rectangle, #$Rhombus, and #$RegularPolygon. This is the collection of all square-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract.

        SUMO: Any Rectangle whose sides are all equal.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'square' in WordNet:
          1. (25) square, foursquare - ((geometry) a plane rectangle with four 
              equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon; 
              'you can compute the area of a square if you know the length of its sides')

Super-classes RegularPolygon^c
Rhombus^c
Rectangle^c

SquareBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquareBlade`
Description	A ''SquareBlade'' is a ''FlatBlade'' that is approximately 'square' - one dimension of the plane no more than twice the length of the other dimension - not long like a sword. `Corresponds to part of 'blade' sense 9 (for cutting)`
Super-classes	FlatBlade^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value SquarishRectangle^c

SquareMeter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquareMeter

Description

SquareMeter represents a UnitOfMeasure equal to one square Meter.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'square meter' in WordNet:
     1. square meter, square metre, centare - (a centare is 1/100th of an are)

Super-classes AreaMeasure^c

SquareMile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquareMile

Description

SquareMile represents a UnitOfMeasure equal to one square Mile.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'square mile' in WordNet:
    1. (5) square mile - (an area of 640 acres)

Super-classes AreaMeasure^c

SquareSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquareSheet`
Description	Any ''FreeSheet'' that is square in the two wider dimensions.
Super-classes	FreeSheet^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Square^c
Sub-classes	Handkerchief^c Neckerchief^c

Squarely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squarely`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'squarely' in Wordnet: 2. (1) squarely, square - (in a straight direct way; 'looked him squarely in the eye'; 'ran square into me')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

SquarishRectangle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquarishRectangle

Description

A ''SquarishRectangle'' is a ''Rectangle'' with one of he two dimensions no greater than twice the length of the other dimension - i.e. a ratio of length/width that is 1.5 +/- 0.5.

     @@ToDo1531:  This type needs more detailed decription of shapes to be properly
        expressed.

Super-classes Rectangle^c

SquashGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquashGame`
Description	An Action that is an execution of a 'squash' game.
Super-classes	CourtGame^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Racquet^c

SquashPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquashPlant`
Description	This is a commonsense notion of squash, i.e. including pumpkins, but not cucumbers, Zucchini, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squash' in WordNet: 1. squash, squash vine - (any of numerous annual trailing plants of the genus Cucurbita grown for their fleshy edible fruits)`
Super-classes	GourdPlant^c
Sub-classes	PumpkinPlant^c

Squatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squatter`
Description	This sense of 'Squatter'' is an ''Intruder'' who lives in some Location where s/he has no right to be. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squatter' in WordNet: 2. squatter - (someone who settles on land without right or title)`
Super-classes	Intruder^c Resident^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Trespassing^c

Squatting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squatting`
Description	NOTE: this includes getting into a squat' and 'being in a squatting position'. The two should be distinguished. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'squat' in WordNet: 1. (8) squat, crouch, scrunch, scrunch up, hunker, hunker down - (sit on one's heels; 'In some cultures, the women give birth while squatting'; 'The children hunkered down to protect themselves from the sandstorm') WN noun 'squatting': 3. squat, squatting - (the act of assuming or maintaining a crouching position with the knees bent and the buttocks near the heels)`
Super-classes	SittingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

SquattingExercise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SquattingExercise`
Description	A ''SquattingExercise'' is form of ''Bodybuilding'' (''Strengthening'') in which a Person holds some weight(s) in the hands while crouching down and getting up, exercising the leg muscles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squatting' in WordNet: 1. (1) knee bend, squat, squatting - (exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles)`
Super-classes	BodybuildingAction^c ExercisingEvent^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Leg^c usesDeviceType^op value FreeWeight^c

Squeaking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squeaking`
Description	A ''Noise'' with a relatively high pitch such as one made by small animal (as mice) or (see subtype ''Creak'') created by objects moving against each other: unoiled door hinges, wood planks rubbing against one another (as in a floor or staircase) - ghosts in the attic??. `The animal 'squeak' is usually of short duration, while the subtype 'Creaking' should be used to represent the (somewhat) more extended sounds of creaking doors or floorboards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squeak' and verb sense 1 of 'squeak' in Wordnet: 1. (1) squeak - (a short high-pitched noise; 'the squeak of shoes on powdery snow') WN verb 'squeak': 1. (3) squeak, screech, creak, screak, skreak - (make a high-pitched, screeching noise; 'The door creaked when I opened it slowly')`
Super-classes	Noise^c
Restrictions	hasFrequency^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HighPitch^c
Sub-classes	Creaking^c

Squeaky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squeaky

Description

''Squeaky'' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that create a high-pitched Sound during their operation or movement. Common examples: door hinges, cart wheels.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squeaky' in WordNet:
          1. (1) screaky, screechy, squeaking, squeaky, squealing - (having
            or making a high-pitched sound such as that made by a mouse or a rusty hinge)

Super-classes Noisy^c

SqueezeTube^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SqueezeTube`
Description	A flexible tube which dispenses a viscous substance when squeezed.
Super-classes	Tube^c ManufacturedGoods^c FlexibleObject^c PackagingContainerProduct^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SqueezingWithTheHand^c
Sub-classes	ToothpasteTube^c

SqueezingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SqueezingEvent`
Description	A ''SqueezingEvent'' is a ForceTransmissionEvent in which a first object is touched on at least two sides by one or more other hard objects, such that the first object experiences forces on two or more sides that tend to compress the first object. This type includes applying a squeezing force, whether or not the object squeezed compresses in any way, or is merely held by the pressure applied - see ''HoldingOnToAnObject''. The degree of compression, if any, will depend on the hardness of the first object. This is often used in intentional actions to compress objects. The ''SqueezingEvent'' may be performed by two parts of a single object, such as fingers of a hand or analogous machinery. `For hand squeezing See subtype ''SqueezingWithTheHand'' Corresponds to verb sense 9 of 'squeeze' and sense 5 of 'press' in WordNet: 9. compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract, press - (squeeze or press together; 'she compressed her lips'; 'the spasm contracted the muscle')`
Super-classes	ApplyingAPressure^c ForceTransmissionEvent^c
Sub-classes	WringingaWetObject^c CrushingAnObject^c SqueezingWithTheHand^c PressingSomethingFlat^c HoldingOnToAnObject^c PinchingEvent^c

SqueezingWithTheHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SqueezingWithTheHand`
Description	A ''SqueezingWithTheHand'' is a ''SqueezingEvent'' in which some object is squeezed between the fingers of a hand. `Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'squeeze' in WordNet: 7. pinch, squeeze, twinge, tweet, nip, twitch - (squeeze tightly between the fingers; 'He pinched her behind'; 'She squeezed the bottle')`
Super-classes	SqueezingEvent^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Hand^c usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c

Squid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squid`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'squid' in WordNet: 2. squid - (widely distributed fast-moving ten-armed cephalopod mollusk having a long tapered body with triangular tail fins)`
Super-classes	Cephalopod^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenTentacles^c

Squinting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squinting

Description

''Squinting'' is a ''Looking'' in which the eyes are partly closed. This can be for the purpose of reducing bright glare, or to improve the focus.

      Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'squint' in WordNet:
        3. squint - (partly close one's eyes, as when hit by direct blinding light;
            'The driver squinted as the sun hit his windshield')
      WN noun 'squint':
         2. squint - (the act of squinting; looking with the eyes partly closed)

Super-classes Looking^c

Squirming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squirming

Description

The action series of moving the torso in more than one direction, without moving the location. Can be done standing, sitting, or lying down.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'squirm' in WordNet:
          1. (3) writhe, wrestle, wriggle, worm, squirm, twist - (to move 
           in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling); 
           'The prisoner writhed in discomfort'; 'The child tried to wriggle 
           free from his aunt's embrace')

Super-classes VoluntaryBodyMovement^c

Squirrel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squirrel`
Description	SUMO: A tree-dwelling Rodent with a bushy tail. NOTE that WN includes 'chipmunk' asa a subtype though chipmunks do not usually dwell in trees. So this is the broad interpretation, which also includes the 'ground squirrel'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squirrel' in WordNet: 1. (3) squirrel - (a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail)`
Super-classes	Rodent^c Vermin^c
Sub-classes	WesternChipmunk^c EasternChipmunk^c

Squirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squirt`
Description	A ''Squirt'' is the ''DischargedLiquid'' produced by a ''Squirting'' Event. NOTE: this is a ''MovingObject' produced by squirting, not the Action of that object moving. The WN gloss suggests that this should be an Event, but here is is the Object participating in a ''Motion'', not the Motion itself. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'squirt' in WordNet: 2. jet, squirt, spurt, spirt - (the occurrence of a sudden discharge (as of liquid))`
Super-classes	DischargedLiquid^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c isProducedByEventType^op value Squirting^c

Squirting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Squirting`
Description	''Squirting'' is propelling a fluid (usually water or aqueous solution) in a narrow stream. Some devices may be capable of ''Spraying'' as well as ''Squirting'', depending on the way a control element is adjusted. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'squirt' in WordNet: 1. (1) squirt, force out, squeeze out, eject - (cause to come out in a squirt; 'the boy squirted water at his little sister')`
Super-classes	PropellingaFluid^c DischargingaLiquid^c FluidFlow-Translation^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Squirt^c hadThingAffected^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c

StabWound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StabWound`
Description	A ''StabWound'' is a 'Wound'' caused by ''Stabbing''. `No special WN sense for this type.`
Super-classes	Cut^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Stabbing^c

Stabbed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stabbed

Description

''Stabbed'' is the AttributeValue of an Animal that was the object of a ''Stabbing''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stabbed' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) stabbed - (pierced with a pointed weapon)

Super-classes Injured^c

Stabbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stabbing`
Description	''Stabbing'' is the ''PurposefulAction'' of inserting a Knife (or other pointy-ended weapon such as a scissors) into an Animal with the intention of killing or creating a ''Wound''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stab' in WordNet: 1. (1) knife, stab - (use a knife on; 'The victim was knifed to death') WN noun stab': 2. (1) stab, thrust, knife thrust - (a strong blow with a knife or other sharp pointed instrument; 'one strong stab to the heart killed him')`
Super-classes	Wounding^c PurposefulAction^c PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value Knife^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stabbed^c produces^op value StabWound^c hadDamagedObject^op some Animal^c isPerformedBy^op some Person^c

Stability^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stability

Description

Each AttributeValue of the Stability Type is a Tendency (which see) to participate in some Event or FunctionalProcess, under certain conditions. The Stability of some Objects, such as organic tissues from organisms, can depend in a sensitive manner on temperature (frozen? boiled?), on the presence of potentially degrading microorganisms (irradiated? pasteurized?) and on the method of preparation (germ-free to start with?). Other things, like mountains, may be assumed to be stable in the sense of staying put for very long periods of time, regardless of the activities of animals, wind, and weather. Large building are of intermediate stability, tending to be in the same place from year to year but occasionally being torn down by people, tornadoes, or earthquakes.

  This AttributeType will be important for resolving issues related
  to the Frame Problem, i.e. if a condition exists now, is it
  likely to exist ten minutes, one day, or one month from now?
  In practical reasoning this issue is critically important, but because
  of its complexity has been often ignored in small reasoning systems.
  This generic AttributeType and its associated AttributeValues
  can be used to address the problem of 
  predicting the relations of situations across time interval.


 Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'stability' and sense 1 of 'constancy' in Wordnet:
     1. (6) stability, stableness - (the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast)
     3. constancy, stability - (the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation;
        'early mariners relied on the constancy of the trade winds')

Super-classes Quality^c

StabilityValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StabilityValue`
Description	Each StabilityValue describes a different expectation for how long an entity may be expected to last as an identifiable instance of its type.
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c

Stabilizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stabilizing`
Description	This sense of 'stabilize' is the transitive sense including includes attributes, actions, and objects. The intransitive sense is represented by ''BecomingStable''. This type is intended to be broad and include any action on a thing (Object, Social situation) that hinders or prevents a change of any kind. NOTE: the various types of change that can happen will generally have different means of preventing and ''Stabilizing'', and in order to be distinguished will need more specific subtypes of this type (e.g. subtypes ''BracingAnObject'' and ''StabilizingaVessel''). The WN glosses seem to mix the different types, so all are included here. Includes verb sense 1 of 'stabilize' in WordNet: 1. (2) stabilize, stabilise - (make stable and keep from fluctuating or put into an equilibrium; 'The drug stabilized her blood pressure'; 'stabilize prices') WN noun 'stabilization': 1. (2) stabilization, stabilisation - (the act of stabilizing something or making it more stable; 'he worked for price stabilization for farm products'; 'wage stabilization is necessary for industrial peace'; 'stabilization means that the product can be handled under atmospheric conditions')
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stable^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Destabilizing^c causes^op value BecomingStable^c hinders^op value BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	StabilizingaVessel^c BracingAnObject^c

StabilizingaVessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StabilizingaVessel`
Description	''StabilizingaVessel'' to prevent it from capsizing can be accomplished by adding ballast to the hold, or by moving things from the deck to the hold, or by throwing heavy objects overboard (jettisoning), among other tactics. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stabilization' in WordNet: 2. stabilization, stabilisation - (the act of making something (as a vessel or aircraft) less likely to overturn)`
Super-classes	Stabilizing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (Vessel^c or Aircraft^c or TransportationDeviceType^c) hinders^op value Capsizing^c

Stable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stable`
Description	The Tendency of an object or substance to continue without perceptible change for more than a few hours, in the Earth's gravitational field, an normal temperatures (10-30 deg. C).. Longer degrees of persistence will have attributes or tendencies that are subtypes of this Type, representing the higher levels of stability. This Attribute is very general, modifying Objects or Processes; for the sense of 'stable' modifying attributes, use 'Static' See also 'Stationary' for things not moving. See also ''Unstable'' for further interpretation of the opposite tendency. @ToDo: subtypes (particularly for substances) may be recognizable, but the WordNet senses are otherwise difficult to differentiate logically. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'stable' in WordNet: 1. (6) stable - (resistant to change of position or condition; 'a stable ladder'; 'a stable peace'; 'a stable relationship'; 'stable prices') 2. (2) stable - (firm and dependable; subject to little fluctuation; 'the economy is stable') 3. stable - (not taking part readily in chemical change) 4. stable - (maintaining equilibrium) WN adj 'steady': 3. steady - (securely in position; not shaky; 'held the ladder steady')
Super-classes	PersistingForHours^c
Sub-classes	SecureAndStable^c Inert^c

StableGear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StableGear`
Description	Each ''StableGear'' is an item designed to be used on (e.g. worn on) or to control a horse or DraftAnimal. Sadddles harnesses, yokes. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'stable gear' in Wordnet: 1. stable gear, saddlery, tack - (gear for a horse)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c DurableGood^c WearableItem^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Quadruped^c isSupportedBy^op value Quadruped^c
Sub-classes	Saddle^c Headgear^c Harness-Animal^c

StableStall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StableStall`
Description	A ''StableStall'' is a ''Compartment'' in a ''FarmStable'' for keeping one Horse (or other quadruped) "shelter `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stall' in WordNet: 1. (10) stall - (a compartment in a stable where a single animal is confined and fed)`
Super-classes	Compartment^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op value FarmStable^c

Stack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stack`
Description	A Pile of objects in which each object other than the top object supports one object in the pile. This is a single linear array of objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stack' in WordNet: 1. (2) stack - (an orderly pile)`
Super-classes	Arrangement^c Pile^c Series^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VerticallyOrdered^c

Stadium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stadium`
Description	A ''Stadium'' is a ''SportsFacility'' that has an open space (a 'field') for playing a game, and seats (it is a ''SeatedAssemblyConstruct'') around the field for spectators. The WordNet gloss says 'open air' but this type includes indoor facilities,and the 'field' can be the floor of a construction (as in a basketball court). A ''Stadium'' can be used for events other than sporting contests or games (e.g. music concerts or plotical assemblies). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stadium' in WordNet: 1. (2) stadium, bowl, arena, sports stadium - (a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments) WN noun 'arena': 2. arena - (the central area of an ancient Roman amphitheater where contests and spectacles were held; especially an area that was strewn with sand) 4. arena, scene of action - (a playing field where sports events take place) WN noun 'amphitheater': 2. amphitheater, amphitheatre, coliseum - (an oval large stadium with tiers of seats; an arena in which contests and spectacles are held)
Super-classes	AthleticField^c SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c ContainerArtifact^c SportsFacility^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value SportsEvent^c
Sub-classes	Racetrack^c Ballpark^c

Staff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Staff`
Description	A strong and rigid ''Stick'' used to support a Person or as a weapon. It is long and thin. NOTE: this is not necessarily a simple Rod - a ''Crutch'' is a subtype. `RHW sense 6: a stick, pole, or rod for aid in walking or climbing, for use as a weapon, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'staff' in WordNet: 3. (5) staff - (a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose; 'he walked with the help of a wooden staff')`
Super-classes	Stick^c MobilityAid^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tough^c
Sub-classes	Crutch^c

Staffer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Staffer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staffer' in WordNet: 1. staff member, staffer - (an employee who is a member of a staff of workers (especially a member of the staff that works for the President of the United States))`
Super-classes	Employee^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value AssistingaManager^c isaMemberOf^op value EmployedStaff^c

StaffingAnOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StaffingAnOrganization`
Description	''StaffingAnOrganization'' is a Group of ''FillingaPosition'' Actions in some Person or GrupOfPeople are assigned to some Group of ''EmploymentPosition''s in some Organization. This can be a filling of as few as one ''Position'' in an Organization. `A sentence that describes 'filling' some ''Position'' with some ''Employee'' has the ''Position'' as the direct object for this type of ''Action''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'staff' in WordNet: 1. (4) staff - (provide with staff; 'This position is not always staffed')`
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some FillingaPosition^c

StagDeer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StagDeer`
Description	The typical adult male of some Deer species. Atypical stags are not included. This is here to specify that such typical adults have antlers; but they have antlers only in the winter, so that character must be asserted of the subtype 'AntleredStag', which is also a typical adult. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stag' and noun sense 5 of 'buck' in WordNet: 2. stag - (adult male deer) WN noun 'buck': 5. buck - (mature male of various mammals (especially deer or antelope))`
Super-classes	MaleAnimal^c TypicalAdultAnimal^c Deer^c
Sub-classes	AntleredStag^c

StageForIndoorPerformances^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StageForIndoorPerformances`
Description	Part of a public building where performances (e.g some entertainment performances, religious ceremonies, etc) take place. A stage is the entire space between its floor and its ceiling, and should include the lighting, stage supports (if any), etc. Some stages are simply a raised portion of the #$FloorInAConstruction.
Super-classes	StageForPerformances^c SpaceInAFixedHOC^c
Sub-classes	Pulpit^c

StageForPerformances^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StageForPerformances`
Description	A stage- usually a raised platform on which people can perform for an audience. This can be an indoor or outdoor stage. A ''StageForPerformances'' is not necessarily a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' - it could be a 'theater in the round'' with the audience on all sides. A typical stage at one end of a room is represented by the subtype ''EndOfRoomStage''. `NOTE that this is just the supporting Platform perhaps with some structural components. This includes parts of a stage such as 'stage right or 'stage left'. For the whole 'Set' see ''StageOrSet'' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stage' in WordNet: 3. (205) stage - (a large platform on which people can stand and can be seen by an audience; "he clambered up onto the stage and got the actors to help him into the box")`
Super-classes	Platform^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c ViewingStage^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value EntertainmentPerformance^c
Sub-classes	EndOfRoomStage^c StageForIndoorPerformances^c RearOfaStage^c

StageOfDevelopment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StageOfDevelopment`
Description	'Stage' is a ''PersistentState'' that occurs in an ''EventSeries'' and is in the time interval of an ''EventSeriesPhase''. This is not the 'TimePeriod' 'stage' or 'phase' of a Process that occurs in steps. COSMO note: in COSMO a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent' is an Event during which some change in the form of an organism occurs; a 'LifeStage' is a TimeInterval during the lifetime of an Organism (or other object) when the form is relatively stable, except perhaps for growth in size. A 'StageOfDevelopment' is an AttributeType whose instances are Attributes categorizing the LifeStage (TimeInterval). None of these three types are related by subsumption in either direction to any of the other two. NOTE: the term 'degree' seems different from the other three terms in the WN synset, as pertaining to a 'degree' of some IntensiveAttributeValue rather than a process. The examples in the RHW give more detail of this meaning. Perhaps there should be a separate entry for this? RHW 'degree': 2. a stage or point in or as if in progression or retrogression: We followed the degrees of her recovery with joy. 3. a stage in a scale of intensity or amount: a high degree of mastery. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'level' in WordNet: 3. (130) degree, level, stage, point - (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; 'a remarkable degree of frankness'; 'at what stage are the social sciences?')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value EventSeriesPhase^c isaSubEventOf^op value EventSeries^c
Sub-classes	BiologicalDevelopmentStage^c StateOfTheArt^c Acme^c

StageOrSet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StageOrSet`
Description	A 'StageOrSet' is the 'SetOfObjects' consisting of a 'StageForPerformances' plus the background scenery and 'Prop's that represents the location of some Action in a theatrical production, whether for the live stage or for a movie, indoors or outdoors. This can be a stage in a theater, or a movie set, as a sound stage in a building in a movie production company. This cannot be merely a stage on which some oral talk or presentation is given, but must contain some objects intended to suggest some type of location, or some specific location, where the represented action is occurring. This does not include an outdoor setting where a movie is filmed, as it requires a 'StageForPerformances' as one of the set of objects included. To instantiate this type, at least one 'Prop' must be specified. As a 'SceneOfEvent' each instance of 'StageOrSet' must specify the Event that is intended to occur there. But this can be an EventType, such as 'Performance of Shakespeares Othello'. Includes noun sense 4 of 'set' and part of sense 3 of 'stage' (having some kind of scenery or props to suggest a location) in WordNet: 4. (3) stage set, set - (representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production; 'the sets were meticulously authentic') WN noun 'stage': 3. (205) stage - (a large platform on which people can stand and can be seen by an audience; 'he clambered up onto the stage and got the actors to help him into the box')
Super-classes	RepresentationObject^c SetOfObjects^c SceneOfEvent^c InformationStore^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value StageForPerformances^c typicallyIsTheLocationOf^op value DramaticPerformance^c hasComponentElement^op some StageProp^c

StageProp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StageProp`
Description	Any PortableObject used or intended to be used in a DramaticPerformance. As in Sense 8 of 'property' in RHW: Also called prop. a usually movable item, other than costumes or scenery, used on the set of a theater production, motion picture, etc.; any object handled or used by an actor in a performance. `NOTE that this is a Role for artifact objects, and an artifact does not become a 'Prop' unless it is designated as for some 'StageOrSet' (in some interval of time). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'prop' and sense 5 of 'property' in WordNet: 2. property, prop - (any movable articles or objects used on the set of a play or movie; 'before every scene he ran down his checklist of props')`
Super-classes	Role^c ArtifactObject^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some StageOrSet^c

StageScenery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StageScenery`
Description	This can be one picture - the Backdrop - or several Objects with images rendered on them. The ''StageScenery'' 'sets the stage' for the story. ?Is this a 'prop'? `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'scenery' in WordNet: 1. (3) scenery, scene - (the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale; 'they worked all night painting the scenery')`
Super-classes	Picture^c Hand-RenderedImage^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some StageOrSet^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some Place^c
Sub-classes	Backdrop^c

Staggering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Staggering

Description

''Staggering'' is a manner of 'Walking' in which a Person takes steps that are not smooth and controlled as in normal walking, suggesting a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' (often drunkenness) that has affected the sense of balance or motor control.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stagger' in WordNet:
           1. (10) stagger, reel, keel, lurch, swag, careen -
              (walk as if unable to control one's movements;
              'The drunken man staggered into the room')

Super-classes Walking^c

StaggeringEmotionally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StaggeringEmotionally

Description

''StaggeringEmotionally'' is an ''OverwhelmingEmotionally' in which the Emotion was produced by an unexpected Event causing great problems for the Person affected.

       Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'stagger' in WordNet:
         4. stagger - (astound or overwhelm, as with shock; 
            'She was staggered with bills after she tried to rebuild her house 
            following the earthquake')

Super-classes OverwhelmingEmotionally^c

Stagnant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stagnant

Description

This sense of ''Stagnant'' is a property of bodies of Water or Air that are not flowing.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stagnant' in Wordnet:
           1. dead, stagnant - (not circulating or flowing; 'dead air'; 
                   'dead water'; 'stagnant water')

Super-classes Inactive^c

Stagnating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stagnating

Description

The Tendency of an attribute not to change

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'stagnant' in Wordnet:
       2. stagnant, moribund - (not growing or changing; without force or vitality)

Super-classes Static^c

Stagnation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stagnation`
Description	''Stagnation'' is the state of some ''System'' that is not advancing (in any respect) but maintaining a relatively constant level of activity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stagnate' in WordNet: 1. stagnate - (stand still; 'Industry will stagnate if we do not stimulate our economy') WN noun 'stagnation': 1. (1) stagnation, stagnancy, doldrums - (a state of inactivity (in business or art etc); 'economic growth of less than 1% per year is considered to be economic stagnation')`
Super-classes	PersistingEvent^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stable^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Stagnating^c isPerformedBy^op value System^c

Stain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stain`
Description	Each 'Stain' is a 'Blemish' that is a discoloration of the surface of an Object caused by adhering material of any kind: dirt, oil, food, ink, grease, or other which could be the dried remainder of some solution of a coloredsubstance. This is a specific quantity of a Substance, so is a PhysicalObject. `'Smudge' could be a subtype, of stains consisting of material on a surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stain' in WordNet: WN 'stain': 1. (5) stain, discoloration, discolouration - (a soiled or discolored appearance; 'the wine left a dark stain')`
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c Blemish^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value OuterPhysicalSurface^c
Sub-classes	BloodStain^c

Stained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stained`
Description	Any color that is a 'stain' (in a region of different color) on some PhysicalObject. It could be White, or some other color. `NOTE that this is both a ''ColorAttribute''and a ''PastParticple''. Noe evident inconsistency. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'stained' in WordNet: 1. (9) stained - (marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter; 'a badly stained tablecloth'; 'tear-stained cheeks')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Bloody^c

StainedGlass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StainedGlass`
Description	''StainedGlass'' is substance Glass, in the form of a rigid sheet, that is not 'clear' as is most window glass,but is 'stained' (Colored) for use in decorative Objects,especially in ''StainedGlassWindow''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stained glass' in WordNet: 1. stained glass - (glass that has been colored in some way; used for church windows)`
Super-classes	Glass^c SheetlikeSubstance^c
Sub-classes	TiffanyGlass^c

StainedGlassWindow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StainedGlassWindow`
Description	CYC: The collection of all windows made of stained glass. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stained-glass window' in WordNet: 1. (1) stained-glass window - (a window made of stained glass)`
Super-classes	Window^c PartOfBuilding^c StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm^c StructuralOrnamentation^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value StainedGlass^c

StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm`
Description	StainedGlassWorks as representational art forms
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalArtObject^c Decoration^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c
Sub-classes	StainedGlassWindow^c

Staining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Staining`
Description	''Staining'' is the Action of ''Dirtying'' (usually unintentionally) by acquiring some quantity of liquid or semiliquid on an Object that stains by discoloration, or by spreading carried dirt particles, onto a surface that is intended to be clean. `This includes ''Smearing'' which is intentional, but not all ''Staining'' events are ''Smearing. @ToDO: more distinction is needed.` @mod57 `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smear' and verb sense 2 of 'stain' in WordNet: 1. smear - (stain by smearing or daubing with a dirty substance) WN verb 'stain': 2. (2) stain - (produce or leave stains; 'Red wine stains the table cloth')`
Super-classes	Dirtying^c Discoloring^c Smearing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value DirtyObject^c hadThingAffected^op some SolidObjectType^c produces^op value Stain^c
Sub-classes	Bloodying^c

StainlessSteel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StainlessSteel`
Description	StainlessSteel is a type os steel containing at least 12% chromium. Other elements such as nickel, cobalt. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stainless' in WordNet: 1. stainless steel, stainless, chromium steel - (steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion)`
Super-classes	Steel^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Chromium^c

Stair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stair`
Description	Each 'Stair' is a SupportingObject that is connected to and somewhat higher than (5 to 12 inches higher, typically) than a platform immediately adjacent. It is an Artifact whose function is to permit people (and sometime other animals) to go from a lower place to a higher place. It is usually wider than is is deep, but the shape of the Stair varies with location, especially when outdoors. The Stair may or may not include a riser underneath it; therefore it may not be solely plank-shaped. @ToDo: There should be a restriction that a step cannot be more than, e.g. two feet higher than the preceding Supporting ground. NOTE: as of r879 there is no distinction between an indoor stair and an ourdoor stair, though it is possible to make such a distinction: indoor stairs would be part of a HOC. @ToDo - create different types? Indoor stairs can also vary in shape, as in a spiral stairwell. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stair' and sense 4 of 'step' in WordNet: 1. (1) step, stair - (support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway; 'he paused on the bottom step')
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value FlightOfStairs^c
Sub-classes	DoorStep^c

StairRail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StairRail`
Description	A guard and support running along a flight of stairs.
Super-classes	Railing^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Stairway^c
Sub-classes	Banister^c

Stairway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stairway`
Description	A connected series of stairs or steps at progressively higher heights, which may have intermediate landings between floors of a building..Each Stairway has at least one 'FlightOfStairs', and may have more. A 'Stairway' may be indoors or outdoors. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact which allows one to climb, step by step, from one level to another. The stairs are not the only parts of a Stairway, it may also contain a handrail and walls. `Cyc: A series of steps or flights of steps for passing from one level to another. Has at least one step, usually more. NOTE: 'stairs' may refer to one flight of stairs, or a whole ''Stairway''. Used in both senses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stairway' in Wordnet: 1. (3) stairway, staircase - (a way of access (upward and downward) consisting of a set of steps) WN noun 'stairs': 1. (15) stairs, steps - (a flight of stairs or a flight of steps)`
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c FixedStructure^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sloped^c hasPhysicalPart^op value FlightOfStairs^c
Sub-classes	Escalator^c

Stairwell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stairwell`
Description	CYC: A vertical shaft or opening with entrances on each (or most) levels that contains a stairway. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stairwell' in WordNet: 1. (1) stairwell - (a vertical well around which there is a stairway)`
Super-classes	VerticalShaft^c
Restrictions	physicallyContains^op value Stairway^c

Stake^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stake

Description

A ''Stick'' larger than 2cm in diameter but narrower than a ''Post''(which is a ''Supportingbject'' in COSMO). ,usually shorter than 4 feet long, typically used to mark something, as a property corner. (or to kill vampires?); has a pointy end.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stake' in WordNet:
            2. (1) post, stake - (a pole or stake set up to mark something 
              (as the start or end of a race track); 'a pair of posts marked the goal'; 
              'the corner of the lot was indicated by a stake')

Super-classes Stick^c
PointyEndedObject^c
NonPoweredDevice^c

Stakeholder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stakeholder`
Description	`NOTE: there is no WN synset for this concept. RHW 'stakeholder': 2. a person or group that has an investment, share, or interest in something, as a business or industry.`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c Owner^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value HavingAnInterest^c

Stakes^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stakes

Description

Something that is bet in an act of ''Gambling''. It could be something abstract, like a ''Right''.

       Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'wager' in Wordnet
         (this can be some ''Property'' other than money):
        in WordNet:
           2. stake, stakes, bet, wager - (the money risked on a gamble)

Super-classes Property^c

StakesHolder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StakesHolder`
Description	A ''StakesHolder'' (WN 'stakeholder') is the one who holds the 'stakes' for the parties in a bet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stakeholder' in WordNet: 1. stakeholder - (someone entrusted to hold the stakes for two or more persons betting against one another; must deliver the stakes to the winner)`
Super-classes	NeutralParty^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value HoldingTheStakes^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impartial^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unbiased^c

Stale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stale

Description

'Stale' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes Food or FoodObjects that have lost much of their 'freshness', but are still edible. For food that has rotted to the point of note being healthful, use 'Spoiled'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stale' in WordNet:
        1. (1) stale -  (showing deterioration from age; 'stale bread')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Stalk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stalk`
Description	the stem or main section of a non-woody plant....(we never say tree stalks do we?, but we do say corn stalk or stalk of wild grass. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stalk' in WordNet: 2. stalk, stem - (a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ)`
Super-classes	Stem^c
Sub-classes	PlantCane^c

Stalking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stalking

Description

''Stalking'' includes a broad variety of actions that have some element of recurrent 'following' included. This can be performed by a stalker or a ghost, or a memory for example. This WN sense needs to be differentiated into the distinguishable subtypes.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stalk' in WordNet:
          2. (1) haunt, stalk - (follow stealthily or 
              recur constantly and spontaneously to; 'her ex-boyfriend stalked her'; 
              'the ghost of her mother haunted her')

Super-classes FollowingMotion^c
Pursuing^c

Stallion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stallion`
Description	CYC 'Horse-Stallion': The collection of male #$Horses that have not been castrated, and so are generally capable of siring foals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stallion' in WordNet: 1. stallion, entire - (uncastrated adult male horse)`
Super-classes	MaleAnimal^c Horse^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uncastrated^c
Sub-classes	StudHorse^c

Stalwart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stalwart`
Description	Being ''Stalwart'' is to be ''PhysicallyFit'' and have considerable stamina and endurance. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stalwart' in Wordnet: 1. hardy, stalwart, stout, sturdy - (having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships; 'hardy explorers of northern Canada'; 'proud of her tall stalwart son'; 'stout seamen'; 'sturdy young athletes')`
Super-classes	PhysicallyFit^c
Sub-classes	BodilyResilient^c

Stamen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stamen`
Description	A stamen is the part of a flower which produces pollen. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stamen' in WordNet: 1. (1) stamen - (the male reproductive organ of a flower)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c PlantReproductiveStructure^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Pollen^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Flower^c

Stamina^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stamina

Description

''Stamina'' is a ''Quality'', a ''PersistentState'' performed by an animal that can continue physical activity for more than an average length of time without getting too tired to continue.

      Includes noun sense 1 of 'stamina' and noun sense 1 of 'endurance' in WordNet:
        1. stamina, staying power, toughness - (enduring strength and energy)
      WN noun 'endurance':
        1. (4) endurance - (the power to withstand hardship or stress;
           'the marathon tests a runner's endurance')

Super-classes Quality^c

StampDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StampDevice`
Description	StampDevice is used to make a mark on a surface; the stamp can transfer Ink, or cause a depression in the surface; it may be used by hand, or be part of a powered machine, as in production of coins. `Includes noun senses 6 and 7 of 'stamp' in WordNet: 6. stamp - (a block or die used to imprint a mark or design) 7. seal, stamp - (a device incised to make an impression; used to secure a closing or to authenticate documents)`
Super-classes	Tool^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Stamping^c

Stamping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stamping`
Description	The act of using a Stamp to make a mark on a surface; the stamp can transfer Ink, or cause a depression in the surface. NOTE: 'stamping' the foot is represented as 'StampingOnesFoot'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stamp' in WordNet: 2. (3) stamp - (to mark, or produce an imprint in or on something; 'a man whose name is permanently stamped on our maps')`
Super-classes	MarkingOnASurface^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op some StampDevice^c

StampingOnesFoot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StampingOnesFoot`
Description	Lifting the foot and thrusting it back down on the ground or floor so as to make a noise or visible impact,, for any of several reasons, including a display of anger, frustration, or defiance, or to stamp on an insect or other thing. This is only one step in the sense of 'stamp', 'stomp' which is the closest WordNet sense of 'stamp' to this type. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'stamp' in WordNet: 1. (3) stomp, stamp, stump - (walk heavily; 'The men stomped through the snow in their heavy boots')`
Super-classes	MotionDownward^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Leg^c

Stance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stance`
Description	A ''Stance'' is an Attitude based on a set of Opinions that reflect a Person's Opinions on a topic (often one of public interest), which may derive from a ''PointOfView'' or any other set of ''Feeling''s after having been developed in part by reasoning about the topic. The words used for this concept are closely related to those in ''PointOfView', but the essential difference is that some kind of reasoning or rationalization must be performed before a ''point of view can generate a ''Stance''. This is what politicians or political commentators will describe when discussing their opinions and views on a topic of public interest. This answers the question 'What are your views on XXX?' This answers the question 'What is your position on XXX?' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stance' and part of sense 3 of 'position' ('perspective' is left as a label for ''PointOfView'') in WordNet: 2. position, stance, posture - (a rationalized mental attitude) WN noun 'position': 3. (18) position, view, perspective - (a way of regarding situations or topics etc.; 'consider what follows from the positivist view')
Super-classes	Attitude^c PointOfView^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some Rationalizing^c
Sub-classes	HardLine^c WorldView^c

Stand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stand`
Description	A ''Stand'' is a form of ''TieredSeats'' that are located on a movable structure (which may be contructed so as to be disassembed), which can be located indoors or outdoors, and may be used only temporarily for a Events occurring once or occasionally. `Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'stand' in WordNet: 10. stand - (tiered seats consisting of a structure (often made of wood) where people can sit to watch an event (game or parade))`
Super-classes	TieredSeats^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Movable^c

Stand-Table^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stand-Table

Description

A 'Stand-Table' is a small 'Table-Furniture'. A 'lectern' may be included - borderline case.

    This corresponds to sense 53 of 'stand' in RHW:
    53.a small, light table.

    Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'stand' in WordNet:
      4. (2) stand - (a small table for holding articles of various kinds;
      'a bedside stand')

Super-classes Table-Furniture^c

Stand-up^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stand-up

Description

An attribute of people who are doing something while standing upright (''StandingUprightEvent'') 'stand-up comedian'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stand-up' in Wordnet:
          1. stand-up - (requiring a standing position; 'a stand-up bar'; 'a stand-up comic')

Super-classes Familiar^c

Standard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Standard`
Description	An attribute of objects or procedures (or of some attribute of objects) that are sufficiently common that their use is easier because it is familiar. This also is the attribute of 'Standard's (Specifications). @ToDO: can these sense be disentagled? `Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'standard' in WordNet: 1. (15) standard - (conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind; 'windows of standard width'; 'standard sizes'; 'the standard fixtures'; 'standard brands'; 'standard operating procedure') 2. (5) standard - (commonly used or supplied; 'standard procedure'; 'standard car equipment')`
Super-classes	Common^c
Sub-classes	Standardized^c

StandardDeviation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandardDeviation

Description

NOTE: this is a subtype of ''Datum'' that can characterize a

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standard deviation' in WordNet:
          1. (8) standard deviation - (the square root of the variance)

Super-classes MomentOfaDistribution^c

StandardProcedure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandardProcedure

Description

A ''StandardProcedure'' is a 'StandardSpec' that is a ''Procedure''. A ''StandardSpec'' provides a criterion for how some Action should be performed in order to most accurately or most efficiently accomplish its intended purpose.

      Among the respected ''StandardProcedure''s are methods for statistical analysis
      This includes the 'double blind'method for testing medicines that could lead to false
      results due to the 'placebo' effect.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standard procedure' in WordNet:
        1. standing operating procedure, standard operating procedure, SOP, standard procedure - 
           (a prescribed procedure to be followed routinely; 'rote memorization has been 
           the educator's standard operating procedure for centuries')

Super-classes Procedure^c
StandardSpec^c

StandardSpec^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandardSpec`
Description	A 'Standard' is some Specification for how things should be done to achieve a goal at some desirable level, or to serve as a reference for evaluation of alternative Actions. This is a general sense of standard, which can be informal, such as a prior performance that is considered as a criterion by which others will be judged. For standards that are set by authorities, use 'OfficialStandard' This does not include physical objects that are referred to as 'standards'. This includes senses 3 and 4 and part of sense 1 of 'standard' in RHW: 1. something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; an approved model. 3. a rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgment: They tried to establish standards for a new philosophical approach. 4.an average or normal requirement, quality, quantity, level, grade, etc.: His work this week hasn't been up to his usual standard. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standard' in WordNet: 1. (14) standard, criterion, measure, touchstone - (a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; 'the schools comply with federal standards'; 'they set the measure for all subsequent work')
Super-classes	Specification^c Foundation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Standard^c
Sub-classes	ObjectiveCriteria^c OfficialStandard^c StandardProcedure^c SelectionCriterion^c Baseline^c Benchmark^c Norm^c

Standardized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Standardized`
Description	An attribute of objects or procedures (or of some attribute of objects) that have been made to conform to some ''StandardSpec''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2of 'standardized' in WordNet: 1. (3) standardized, standardised - (brought into conformity with a standard; 'standardized education') 2. exchangeable, interchangeable, similar, standardized, standardised - (capable of replacing or changing places with something else; permitting mutual substitution without loss of function or suitability; 'interchangeable electric outlets' 'interchangeable parts')`
Super-classes	Standard^c
Sub-classes	Canonical^c

Standardizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Standardizing`
Description	''Standardizing'' is a form of ''RegulatingBehavior'' in which rules are developed to asure that some measure or procedure becomes the recommended ''StandardSpec'' or ''StandardProcedure'' for people using such measures or proedures. This can include many standards promulgated as rules in commerces, such as standard meaasures, standard sizes for boxes, standard information on food labels, and many others. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'standardize' in WordNet: 1. (1) standardize, standardise - (cause to conform to standard or norm; 'The weights and measures were standardized')`
Super-classes	RegulatingBehavior^c
Restrictions	produces^op only (StandardSpec^c or StandardProcedure^c or RuleType^c) isPerformedBy^op value StandardsOrganization^c

StandardsOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandardsOrganization`
Description	''StandardsOrganization'' is an ''Organization'' that has the right to create some ''Standard'' for use of some GroupOfPeople. `USDA FTC? ICC? can use instances. NO sense of 'standards organization'in WN.`
Super-classes	Organization^c Authority^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Standardizing^c canCreate^op value Rule^c canCreate^op value StandardSpec^c canCreate^op value StandardProcedure^c

Standing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Standing`
Description	''Standing'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a PersistentState) that is more specific to some criterion or situation and relative to others in that situation.. A ''Standing'' can be more quantitative than other forms of ''Status'', such as a position on some ordered list persons by some criterion of evaluation. See ''Standings'' for such a list. A ''Standing'' that has a formal position in a hierarchy (e.g. of influence or salary or popularity, as in a 'Best Seller' list), is represented by the subtype ''Rank''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standing' and sense 1 of 'ranking' (not just for sports) and sense 2 of 'rank' in WordNet: 1. (3) standing - (social or financial or professional status or reputation; 'of equal standing'; 'a member in good standing') WN noun 'ranking': 1. ranking - (position on a scale in relation to others in a sport)`
Super-classes	Status^c
Sub-classes	Importance-Status^c Obscurity^c

StandingOnTipToes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandingOnTipToes`
Description	This ''StandingOnTipToes'' is the ''BodyPositionEvent'' of a Person who is supported at least partly by the ''Tiptoes'' of one or both feet. This can be a part of a ''Tiptoeing'' Action, or of a ''StandingStill'' Action.
Super-classes	PerceivableHumanAction^c SingleDoerAction^c BodyPositionEvent^c PhysicalContactSituation^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Tiptoeing^c usedBodyPart^op value TipToes^c isCausedBy^op value StandingUpOnTiptoe^c

StandingOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandingOut`
Description	''StandingOut'' is the action of some PhysicalObject that differs significantly from the object(s around it that it is easily noticed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stand out' in WordNet: 1. (4) leap out, jump out, jump, stand out, stick out - (be highly noticeable)`
Super-classes	AppearingToBe^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Conspicuous^c

StandingStill^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandingStill

Description

'StandingStill' is the attribute of objects that could move (as animals or vehicles) but are at the moment not moving relative to the given frame of reference. Narrower in meaning than 'Stationary'.

        Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'stationary' in WordNet:
          1. (12) stationary - (standing still; 'the car remained stationary
             with the engine running;)

Super-classes Stationary^c

StandingStillEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandingStillEvent`
Description	To be in a standing position for some interval of time, with ot moving mor than a little. the Object that is undergoing a 'StandingStillEvent' has the attribute value 'StandingStill'. - should be modified. NOTE that this 'StandingStillEvent' is not a subtype of 'StayingStill' because one can be moving bodyparts other than the legs while 'Standing Still', whereas the type 'StayingStill' indicates that no parts of the object so characterized are moving. Cyc: A collection of events. An instance of #$StandingStill is an event in which the 'doer' supports its own weight by standing on at least one leg. Also, they must be standing in place, rather than running, running in place, etc. They must also be balancing themselves, although they might be holding onto something to facilitate that. A borderline case of this: an astronaut in zero-gravity who appears to be standing still. The trouble with allowing that is that it will violate many of the axioms about #$StandingStill - the trouble with excluding it, though, is that one would have to duplicately state all the other axioms about #$StandingStill. Note: in a case like that, it might be best to divide this concept into two, to introduce a new term such as HoldingStill, and to distinguish the case of HoldingStill (in whatever posture, gravity, etc.) from Standing (supporting one's weight, balancing, etc.). Corresponds to part of verb sense sense 7 of 'stand' in WordNet: 7. (5) stand - (remain inactive or immobile; 'standing water')
Super-classes	StandingUprightEvent^c
Sub-classes	StayingStill^c

StandingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandingUp`
Description	The action of moving the body from sitting or lying position to a standing position. (If one jumps up and starts moving immediately, that would not be represented by this sense). NOTE: the restriction specifies that a 'StandingUp' starts a 'StandingStill' Event, but does not require that the 'StandingStill' event be reified. An Animal may stand up and soon afterward start moving, but this restriction implies that there is some perceptible even if small interval during which the animal is standing still before actually moving. A case of 'leaping' out of a sitting position and immediately continuing a forward movement would not be an instance of this type. SUMO: The BodyMotion of moving from a Sitting to a Standing position. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stand up' in WordNet: 1. (23) arise, rise, uprise, get up, stand up - (rise to one's feet; 'The audience got up and applauded')
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value StandingUprightEvent^c

StandingUpOnTiptoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandingUpOnTiptoe`
Description	The action of moving the body from a ''Standing'' position to a ''StandingOnTipToes'' position, getting off the heels. Doing this makes a Person temporarily ''Taller'' than when on flat feet.
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value StandingOnTipToes^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Taller^c

StandingUprightEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StandingUprightEvent`
Description	To be in a standing position for some interval of time. 'StandingUprightEvent' does not imply that the body is not moving in some way - a person can be working vigorously with the arms while peforming a ''StandingUprightEvent'' in one place. Also, shifting the weight from one leg to another or occasionally walking a few steps in one direction and returning to the intial position (like some speakers, singers, or comedians) can still be part of a ''StandingUprightEvent''. The last of these could be a subtype. the Object that is undergoing a 'StandingUprightEvent' has the attribute value '"StandingStill'. NOTE that this 'StandingUprightEvent' is not a subtype of 'StayingStill' because one can be moving bodyparts other than the legs while 'StandingStill', whereas the type 'StayingStill' indicates that no parts of the object so characterized are moving. Cyc: A collection of events. An instance of #$StandingStill is an event in which the 'doer' supports its own weight by standing on at least one leg. Also, they must be standing in place, rather than running, running in place, etc. They must also be balancing themselves, although they might be holding onto something to facilitate that. A borderline case of this: an astronaut in zero-gravity who appears to be standing still. The trouble with allowing that is that it will violate many of the axioms about #$StandingStill - the trouble with excluding it, though, is that one would have to duplicately state all the other axioms about #$StandingStill. Note: in a case like that, it might be best to divide this concept into two, to introduce a new term such as HoldingStill, and to distinguish the case of HoldingStill (in whatever posture, gravity, etc.) from Standing (supporting one's weight, balancing, etc.). Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 and part of verb sense 7 of 'stand' in WordNet: 1. (169) stand, stand up - (be standing; be upright; 'We had to stand for the entire performance!') 7. (5) stand - (remain inactive or immobile; 'standing water')
Super-classes	PhysicalContactSituation^c AnimalActivity^c SingleDoerAction^c BodyPositionEvent^c RemainingInaLocation^c
Sub-classes	StandingStillEvent^c

Standings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Standings`
Description	Each ''Standings'' is a List, each element of which is a ''Standing''. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'standing' (applying not only to sports rankings) in WordNet: 2. standing - (an ordered listing of scores or results showing the relative positions of competitors (individuals or teams) in a sporting event)`
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value RankingSomething^c hasComponentElement^op only Standing^c

Standoffish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Standoffish

Description

''Standoffish'' is a manner of being 'Unfriendly'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'standoffish' in Wordnet:
         1. offish, standoffish - (lacking cordiality; unfriendly; 'a standoffish manner')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Standout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Standout`
Description	`No WN sense of 'standout'. Corresponds to MWD noun 'standout' : 'something conspicuously excellent'`
Super-classes	ExcellentThing^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Excelling^c

Standstill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Standstill`
Description	A 'Standstill'is a type of 'Pause' (a 'PersistentState') that can continue for a long time, without permanently halting the Activity that is paused. This is a situation where resumption of the base activity would be a ''breakthrough' (e.g. in negotiations). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standstill' in WordNet: 1. (1) deadlock, dead end, impasse, stalemate, standstill - (a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible; 'reached an impasse on the negotiations')`
Super-classes	Pause^c PurposefulInaction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Progressing^c

Stapes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stapes`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stapes' in WordNet: 1. stapes, stirrup - (the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea)`
Super-classes	AuditoryOssicle^c
Restrictions	touchesDirectly^op value Incus^c

StaphylococcalInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StaphylococcalInfection`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staphylococcal infection' in WordNet: 1. staphylococcal infection - (an infection with staphylococcus bacteria; usually marked by abscess formation)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c

Staphylococcus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Staphylococcus`
Description	The bacteria that are responsible for boils on the skin. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staphylococcus' in WordNet: 1. staphylococcus, staphylococci, staph - (spherical Gram-positive parasitic bacteria that tend to form irregular colonies; some cause boils or septicemia or infections)`
Super-classes	Parasite^c LivingBiologicalAgent^c GramPositiveBacterium^c AerobicBacterium^c Coccus^c
Restrictions	causesAilment^op value Septicemia^c

Staple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Staple`
Description	A small metal wire bent into a square U shape that can be inserted into a stack of papers by a stapler. Used in a StaplingEvent. `CYC: usually metal connector for attaching a sheetlike object to something else Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staple' in Wordnet: 4. staple - (a short U-shaped wire nail for securing cables)`
Super-classes	Fastener^c Wire^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value StaplingEvent^c

Stapler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stapler`
Description	V-shaped Device with two hinged arms, used by pressing down against the upper arm of the Stapler, with the papers to be fastened inserted between that arm and a lower arm. The Staple is forced out from the end of the upper arm distal from the hinge, and the two vertically oriented ends of the Staple pierce the papers and after they pass through the papers are curled inward so as to grasp the bottom of the stack. (This could use a series of three or four diagrams giving the horizontal view of the stages of the process). `CYC: The collection of all staplers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stapler' in WordNet: 1. stapler, stapling machine - (a machine that inserts staples into sheets of paper in order to fasten them together)`
Super-classes	Fastener^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value Staple^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value StaplingEvent^c

StaplingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StaplingEvent`
Description	An Action in which some IntelligentAgent takes two or more pieces of paper and staples them together to create a combined Document. This is very general,and could be the stapling of a credit card recipt to a sales receipt to create a convenient combined receipt. `CYC 'Stapling': Stapling two objects together with a stapler. Heavy-duty 'Staples' are used in construction, to fasten sheets of material like Plastic to parts of a structure. That is a different type of Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'staple' in Wordnet: 1. staple - (secure or fasten with a staple or staples; 'staple the papers together')`
Super-classes	Binding^c HandlingADevice^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value Staple^c usesDeviceType^op value Stapler^c

Star^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Star`
Description	A self-luminous gaseous astronomical object, including the sun. This has to emit some form of light, so a black hole might not qualify. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'star' in WordNet: 1. (8) star - ((astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior)`
Super-classes	OuterSpaceLocation^c SphericalObject^c AstronomicalBody^c LightEmittingObject^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Astronomer^c
Sub-classes	Sun^c Supernova^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Merak http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Dubhe http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vega http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Megrez http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alkaid http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Alioth

StarActor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StarActor`
Description	A ''StarActor'' is an ''ActorActress'' (male or female actor) who is the principle actor (or one of two or more - see ''CoStar'') in a Play or Movie, typically being the Actor(s) whose name prominently displayed on advertisements for the Play or Movie. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'star' in WordNet: 5. (1) star, principal, lead - (an actor who plays a principal role)`
Super-classes	StarEntertainer^c ActorActress^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Prominent^c isaParticipantIn^op value Stardom^c
Sub-classes	CoStar^c

StarEntertainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StarEntertainer`
Description	A 'StarEntertainer' is an entertainer who has achieved some level of celebrity. This includes but is not restricted to ''MovieStar''s. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'star' in WordNet, but this is restricted to entertainers and is based on celebrity and success rather than skill. in WordNet: 2. (3) ace, adept, champion, sensation, maven, mavin, virtuoso, genius, hotshot, star, superstar, whiz, whizz, wizard, wiz - (someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field)`
Super-classes	Virtuoso^c Entertainer^c Celebrity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Starring^c
Sub-classes	StarActor^c MovieStar^c OperaStar^c

StarSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StarSystem`
Description	A group of 'AstronomicalBody's having one or more Suns and at least one planet orbiting it. Our 'solar system' is one example. For this definition, only the AstronomicalBody's are considered as members of the Group, though each member may have parts. `This type is not yet (rev 1107) classified as a subtype of 'DynamicObject', but might be at some time if it serves a useful purpose. (e.g. the corresponding Event of the plantets moving around the star becomes a salient feature of a domain ontology). NOTE that every 'StarSystem' has to have at least one 'NonEarthPlanet' - our solar system does, too!`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Planet-Generic^c hasComponentElement^op only AstronomicalBody^c hasComponentElement^op some Star^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SolarSystem

Starch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Starch

Description

A Substance which is a polymer consisting of chains of glucose molecules, to some extent cross-linked. Not an object,as in Cyc.

      SUMO: A complex Carbohydrate that is the main form in 
       which Carbohydrates are stored.

      Cyc: A piece of starch, i.e., a piece of a substance
       made up of starch molecules.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'starch' in WordNet:
         1. (1) starch, amylum - (a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds,
           fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn,
           potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used
           otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles)

Super-classes Polysaccharide^c
MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c

Stardom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stardom`
Description	''Stardom'' can be a status of a performer/entertainer such as a singer or actor, but is also used (metaphorically?) for those with outstanding accomplishment in other fields. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stardom' in WordNet: 1. (1) stardom - (the status of being acknowledged as a star; 'stardom meant nothing to her')`
Super-classes	SuperiorStatus^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value StarEntertainer^c

Starfish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Starfish`
Description	A specialization of #$Echinodermata. Starfish are the most familiar of the echinoderms. `NOTE: the 'rotational symmetry' is of order five, but that more specific symmetry attribute has not yet been represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'starfish' in Wordnet: 1. starfish, sea star - (echinoderms characterized by five arms extending from a central disk)`
Super-classes	Echinodermata^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value RotationallySymmetric^c

Staring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Staring`
Description	Each instance of ''Staring'' is a ''Viewing'' Event in which an agent pays close attention (this is a subtype of ''PayingAttention'') with eyes fixed on the object of interest in such a way as to indicate some strong interest, approval, or disapproval. For disapproval see subtype ''Glaring''. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 (indistingsuishable) and noun sense 1 of 'stare' in Wordnet: 1. (82) gaze, stare - (look at with fixed eyes; 'The students stared at the teacher with amazement') 2. (4) stare - (fixate one's eyes; 'The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly') WN noun 'stare': 1. (9) stare - (a fixed look with eyes open wide)`
Super-classes	PayingAttention^c Viewing^c
Sub-classes	Gaping^c Glaring^c Gazing^c StaringAtLips^c

StaringAtLips^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StaringAtLips`
Description	Each instance of ''StaringAtLips'' is a ''Staring'' Action in which a Person carefully observes the lips of another Person. One Action in which this occurs is ''Lipreading''.
Super-classes	Staring^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObserved^op value HumanLip^c

Stark^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stark

Description

The sense of 'stark' that is used adverbally ('stark raving mad') is represented by ''Starkly''. The sense meaning 'severely simple' is represented as ''Austere''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stark' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) blunt, crude, stark - (devoid of any qualifications or disguise or adornment;
            'the blunt truth'; 'the crude facts'; 'facing the stark reality of the deadline')

Super-classes Absolute^c

Starkly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Starkly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'stark' in Wordnet: 1. stark - (completely; 'stark mad'; 'mouth stark open')`
Super-classes	Completely^c

Starring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Starring

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'starring' in Wordnet:
          1. leading, prima, star, starring, stellar -
              (indicating the most important performer or role; 'the leading man'; 
              'prima ballerina'; 'prima donna'; 'a star figure skater'; 'the starring role'; 
              'a stellar role'; 'a stellar performance')

Super-classes Important^c

Start-Up^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Start-Up`
Description	A ''Start-Up'' is a ''CommercialOrganization'' that has only recently begun operation as a publicly funded profit-making Organization that has sold stock on the financial market. `This exact sense of 'start-up' does not appear in WN or RHW. The more general sense of 'stock company' is included: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stock company' in WordNet: 1. stock company - (a company whose capital is represented by stock)`
Super-classes	CommercialOrganization^c
Restrictions	hasAssociatedAgent^op value StartupGroup^c performsAction^op value Startup^c

Starting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Starting

Description

Of or pertaining to the start of an Event or of something appropriate to or useful in thestart of anEvent.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'starting' in WordNet:
      2. (1) starting - (appropriate to the beginning or start of an event;
      'the starting point'; 'hands in the starting position')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

StartingAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartingAnAction`
Description	'StartingAnAction' is an Action that is the first temporal part of some longer Action or the first of a Series of Actions that is not previously ongoing and is not a continuation of some closely similar type of activity. Includes noun sense 2 of 'initiative' and verb sense 1 of 'initiate' and verb sense 1 of 'start' and sense 1 of 'begin' and noun senses 1 and 5 of 'beginning'in WordNet: 2. (4) first step, initiative, opening move, opening - (the first of a series of actions) WN verb 'initiate': 1. (9) originate, initiate, start - (bring into being; 'He initiated a new program'; 'Start a foundation') WN verb 'begin': 1. (164) get down, begin, get, start out, start, set about, set out, commence - (take the first step or steps in carrying out an action; 'We began working at dawn'; 'Who will start?'; 'Get working as soon as the sun rises!'; 'The first tourists began to arrive in Cambodia'; 'He began early in the day'; 'Let's get down to work now') WN noun 'beginning': 1. (18) beginning - (the event consisting of the start of something; 'the beginning of the war') 5. (2) beginning, start, commencement - (the act of starting something; 'he was responsible for the beginning of negotiations')
Super-classes	FirstStep^c TakingAction^c
Restrictions	isTheFirstElementOf^op value Action^c isTheStartingPartOf^op some Action^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op some SelfStarter^c starts^op some Action^c
Sub-classes	StartingaProject^c EmbarkingOnaVenture^c DedicatingaPublicFacility^c Debut^c Colonization^c

StartingPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartingPlace`
Description	A 'StartingPlace' is a Physical location where some PhysicalObject started a ''Translocation''. This is mostly useful for describing ''TakingaTrip'' actions.
Super-classes	SceneOfEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPlaceOf^op some Translocation^c

StartingState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartingState`
Description	Each ''StartingState'' is a PersistentState (which could persist for a very brief period) that is the beginning state of some ''ProcessiveEvent''.
Super-classes	PersistentState^c ProcessStep^c

StartingTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartingTime`
Description	'StartingTime' the TimePoint or TimeInterval that is the first TimePoint or TimeInterval of some Event or TimeInterval. See relations 'starts' and 'isTheStartingPartOf' as potential relations on this type. One can say the 'the lunar New Year has its start on February 14th this year', and that 'start' will be an instance of this type. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'start' in WordNet, but includes time points at which Events or TimeIntervals actually began, not just the starting times of prospective events: in WordNet: 2. (5) beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime, offset - (the time at which something is supposed to begin; 'they got an early start'; 'she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her')
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Sub-classes	Showtime^c Threshold^c

StartingaMotorVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartingaMotorVehicle`
Description	'StartingACar' is the Action that turns on the motor of a motor vehicle, usually (these days) uding battery power, but also bu jumping or push-starting where possible.
Super-classes	OperatingaPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op value RoadVehicle^c

StartingaProject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartingaProject`
Description	''StartingaProject'' is the 'FirstStep' in performing an Activity that is a new project - represented in COSMO as a 'Venture'' and requires initative from some ''SelfStarter'' (which can be more than one) VentureGroup (SelfStarters) Enrepreneur Principle Investigator This step is performed by a ''StartupGroup'' which can be an individual Person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'initiative' and verb sense 1 of 'initiate' in WordNet: 2. (4) first step, initiative, opening move, opening - (the first of a series of actions) WN verb 'initiate': 1. (9) originate, initiate, start - (bring into being; "He initiated a new program"; "Start a foundation") WN verb 'undertake': 1. (26) undertake, set about, attempt - (enter upon an activity or enterprise) 'He initiated a new program'; 'Start a foundation') WN verb 'set about': 1. (3) set about, go about, approach - (begin to deal with; 'approach a task'; 'go about a difficult problem'; 'approach a new project')
Super-classes	StartingAnAction^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value StartupGroup^c isTheFirstElementOf^op some Project^c
Sub-classes	Pioneering^c EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness^c Startup^c

Startled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Startled

Description

''Startled'' is an AttributeValue of an organism that experienced a ''StartlingAnAnimal''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'startled' in Wordnet:
           1. (6) startled - (excited by sudden surprise or alarm 
              and making a quick involuntary movement; 
              'students startled by the teacher's quiet return'; 
              'the sudden fluttering of the startled pigeons'; 'her startled expression')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

StartledMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartledMovement`
Description	A ''StartledMovement'' is a ''BodyMovementEvent'' that is a reaction to something that startles a person. NOTE: This is the intransitive sense of 'becomong startled'. WOrdnet has no sense of 'startle' specifically transitive and causative. RHW does have both senses. RHW: 'startle': 3. to start involuntarily, as from a shock of surprise or alarm. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'startle' in WordNet: 2. startle, jump, start - (move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm; 'She startled when I walked into the room') WN noun 'startle': 1. startle, jump, start - (a sudden involuntary movement; 'he awoke with a start')
Super-classes	BodilyResponse^c JerkingMotion^c BodyMovementEvent^c MotionInPlace^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some (ShockingSomeone^c or StartlingAnAnimal^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c

Startling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Startling

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'startling' in Wordnet:
         1. (11) startling - (so remarkably different or sudden as to cause 
            momentary shock or alarm; 'Sydney's startling new Opera House'; 
            'startling news'; 'startling earthquake shocks')

Super-classes Surprising^c

StartlingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartlingAnAnimal`
Description	A ''StartlingAnAnimal'' can be an Agent or an Event that causes a ''StartledMovement'' in some Animal. `RHW: 2. to cause to start involuntarily, by or as by a sudden shock. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'startle' (suprising and causing a reaction, but not 'galvanizing to action') in WordNet: 1. (9) startle, galvanize, galvanise - (to stimulate to action ; '..startled him awake'; "galvanized into action")`
Super-classes	CausingAnObjectToMove^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Agent^c or AgentType^c or Event^c or EventType^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Startled^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Startling^c causes^op value StartledMovement^c
Sub-classes	GalvanizingSomeone^c

Startup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Startup`
Description	This ''Startup'' is a ''StartingaProject''in which the 'Project' is a commercial venture or public works or governmental function, each of which have some wide scope. `As with the parent ''StartingaProject'' This step is performed by a ''StartupGroup'' which can be an individual Person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'startup' in WordNet: 2. inauguration, startup - (the act of starting a new operation or practice; 'he opposed the inauguration of fluoridation'; 'the startup of the new factory was delayed by strikes')`
Super-classes	StartingaProject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value StartupGroup^c isTheFirstElementOf^op some Venture^c

StartupGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StartupGroup`
Description	A Group of consisting of ''SelfStarters'' (people with the trait of 'taking the initiative' in ''StartingaProject'') and perhaps one or more 'Funder''s for the project. `As a COSMO ''Group'' this can consist of even one element.`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value StartingaProject^c hasComponentElement^op only (SelfStarter^c or Funder^c)

Starvation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Starvation`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. Each instance of #$Starvation is an event in which an #$Animal is so hungry as to be #$Starving. If prolonged, it results in death. NB: This is a #$SingleDoerAction (q.v.), so it doesn't cover cases wherein one creature withholds food from another. `NOTE WN sense 5 is the transitive sense of withhold food - not included here. NOTE: dying of starvation is not necessarily implied - that would be a result only if prolonged. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'starvation' in Wordnet: 1. (2) starvation, famishment - (a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period) WN verb 'starve': 1. (4) starve, hunger, famish - (be hungry; go without food; 'Let's eat-I'm starving!')`
Super-classes	Hunger^c DangerousThing^c Malnutrition^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value StarvingPerson^c mayCause^op value Death^c hasSubEvent^op value PhysiologicalProcess^c

Starving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Starving`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'starving' in Wordnet: 1. (1) starved, starving - (suffering from lack of food)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

StarvingPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StarvingPerson`
Description	A Person who is ''Starving'' i,e, suffering from ''Starvation''
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Starvation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Starving^c

Stash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stash`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stash' in WordNet: 1. hoard, cache, stash - (a secret store of valuables or money)`
Super-classes	Supply^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value UsefulObject^c hasComponentElement^op value ValuableThing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hidden^c

State-Of-The-Art^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#State-Of-The-Art

Description

''State-Of-The-Art'' is the characteristic attribute of a ''Device'' or ''Procedure'' that is the ''StateOfTheArt'' in its category.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'state-of-the-art' in Wordnet:
         1. state-of-the-art - (the highest level of development at a particular time
            (especially the present time); 'state-of-the-art technology')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

State-owned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#State-owned

Description

''State-owned'' is an Attribute of Objects (Physical or abstract) that are owned by a Government, rather than a Person or private Corporation.

      state-owned

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

StateBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateBird`
Description	A type of bird designated by a state's legisature as their official 'state bird' - persumably to advertise some distinctive character of thestate.
Super-classes	UniqueThingInaContext^c Bird^c
Members	CardinalBird GoldFinch

StateChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateChange`
Description	An Event in which a change of physical state occurs, such as from liquid to solid, or liquid to gas, or even a partial state change such as getting harder or getting softer. NOTE that this includes Events such as gelling, or solidification of concrete, so it may not be reversible. This also includes precipitation of substances of one state from mixtures of another state, such as raining or ''Crystallizing''. For the type of reversible state change that does not include chemical changes, use the subtype 'ReversibleStateChange'.
Super-classes	ChangeOfState^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Vaporization^c Melting^c Solidification^c Crystallizing^c Condensing^c ReversibleStateChange^c

StateGovernor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateGovernor`
Description	Head of a political division of any country that is called a 'governor'; this is a generalization of #$USStateGovernor.
Super-classes	PolicyMaker^c Leader^c PublicOfficial^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value GovernorOccupation^c isTheLeaderOf^op value StateOrProvince^c
Sub-classes	USStateGovernor^c

StateOfIllumination^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfIllumination`
Description	A ''StateOfIllumination'' is a 'PhysicalSituation'' of SolidObjects (and the locations within which those objects are present) that characterizes the type and intensity and directionand any other quality that might be observable for the way light impinges on Objects. `This is broader than the WN sense 2 for 'illumination' in that it may characterize not only the intensity but the wavelength and distribution of light (e.g spotlighting) that can be perceived. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'illumination' in WordNet: 2. (1) illumination - (the degree of visibility of your environment)`
Super-classes	ObjectCondition^c PhysicalSituation^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some LightPropagationEvent^c hadMainParticipant^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	GoodLighting^c

StateOfMatterChangeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMatterChangeEvent`
Description	The Cyc equivalent of SUMO and COSMO 'StateChange'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

StateOfReproach^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfReproach

Description

      NOTE: the CYC gloss does not correlate with any of the WN synsets;
        this is interpreted as both a ''StateOfShame'' in which the surrounding
        community disapproves of a Person, and the Feeling of shame by
        the one disapproved.  Unclear how make this more logically explicit.

       Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'reproach' in WordNet:
         2. (1) reproach - (disgrace or shame; 'he brought reproach upon his family')

Super-classes StateOfShame^c

StateOfSegregation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfSegregation`
Description	A ''StateOfSegregation'' is a 'StateOfSeparation' in which different categories of people are required to reside or work in spearate locations, and use different facilities.
Super-classes	StateOfSeparation^c
Restrictions	isAnExecutionOf^op value Segregation^c isAnExecutionOf^op value SegregationLaw^c

StateOfSeparation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfSeparation`
Description	''StateOfSeparation'' is a ''PersistentState'' that is an embodiment of a''Relation'' that holds among the members of a Group of Things, where the subgroups are in some manner (physically or abstractly) 'Separated' from each other. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'separation' in WordNet: 3. (3) separation - (the state of lacking unity)`
Super-classes	Relation^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some (Group^c or GroupType^c) isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Divided^c
Sub-classes	StateOfSegregation^c

StateOfShame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfShame`
Description	'Shame' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which a person is recognized by others as having done something socially unacceptable (something shameful). Someone who is in a state of Shame is the agent in this type of PersistentState, and has the attribute 'Shamed'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shame' in WordNet: 2. (5) shame, disgrace, ignominy - (a state of dishonor; one mistake brought shame to all his family'; 'suffered the ignominy of being sent to prison')`
Super-classes	SocialState^c
Sub-classes	StateOfReproach^c

StateOfSuffering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfSuffering`
Description	''StateOfSuffering '' is a strong form of ''Distress'' which can be caused by internal mental activity, or may be caused by a ''Suffering'' (Perceiving) Action. `NOTE: this is a ''Feeling'' so the physical sensation of pain is not included, although it may cause this state.. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'suffering' in WordNet: 4. (2) suffering, hurt - (feelings of mental or physical pain)`
Super-classes	Distress^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op value Suffering^c
Sub-classes	Agony^c

StateOfTheArt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfTheArt`
Description	A ''StateOfTheArt'' is the most recent and most advanced ''StageOfDevelopment'' in some technical field, which can be very narrowly focused, as in being the fastest microcomputer processor or the most efficient way to process some''Ore''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'state of the art' in WordNet: 1. state of the art - (the highest degree of development of an art or technique at a particular time; 'the state of the art in space travel')`
Super-classes	StageOfDevelopment^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value State-Of-The-Art^c

StateOfUncertainty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfUncertainty`
Description	A ''StateOfUncertainty'' is a''PersistentState'' in which some Salient Event (one of interest or significance) may or may not occur and cannot be predicted with confidence. This state is given the attribute ''Uncertain'', which means that all of the possible outcomes are 'Uncertain'' this does not mean that the conditions in the state itself are ''Uncertain''. Any condition that is itself ''Uncertain'' is labeled as ''Unknown''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uncertainty' in WordNet: 1. (7) uncertainty, uncertainness, precariousness - (being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance; 'the uncertainty of the outcome'; 'the precariousness of his income')`
Super-classes	Situation-Localized^c ProblemSituation^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Faltering^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uncertain^c isTheMainTopicOf^op some MysteriousProblem^c
Sub-classes	Dilemma^c

StateOfUnconsciousness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfUnconsciousness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unconsciousness' in WordNet: 1. unconsciousness - (a state lacking normal awareness of the self or environment)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Sub-classes	GeneralAnesthesia^c

StateOfUnion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfUnion`
Description	A 'StateOfUnion' is the state in which some Group of entities exist, when they are 'united' in some respect. One subtype is 'Marriage'. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'union' in WordNet: 4. union, unification - (the state of being joined or united or linked; 'there is strength in union')`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	Connectedness^c Marriage^c

StateOfWar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfWar`
Description	A ''StateOfWar'' is a state of ''Enmity'' between two countries during which some ''War'' (military fighting) occurs. This can be considered as a ''Pause'' in a ''StateOfPeace''. This is not necessarily an officially declared ''War'', but is a de facto state in which ''War'' (large-scale military hostilities) occurs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'state of war' in WordNet: 1. war, state of war - (a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply; 'war was declared in November but actual fighting did not begin until the following spring')`
Super-classes	Pause^c Enmity^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op min 2 hasSubEvent^op value MilitaryEngagement^c occursDuring^op value War^c

StateOrProvince^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOrProvince`
Description	COSMO: A GeopoliticalEntity which is the primary admninistrative subdivision of a Country(Nation). In the United States, this is a State, in Canada and some other countries, a Province, in England a Shire. Other names exist. Like a 'GeopoliticalEntity', a 'StateOrProvince' is both an Agent and a GenericLocation. Each stateOrProvince may have a set of laws applying throughout, and is therefore a subtype of 'Jurisdiction'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'state' in WordNet, but the WordNet gloss suggests that 'state' is only the territory, and this COSMO entity is an Agent that controls a territory, as well as the GenericLocation that is controlled by that agent: in Wordnet: 2. (272) state, province - (the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; 'his state is in the deep south')
Super-classes	Jurisdiction^c GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory^op only StateRegion^c isaPrimarySubdivisionOf^op value Country^c
Sub-classes	Province^c USA_State^c

StateOwnership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOwnership`
Description	''StateOwnership'' is a state of 'Ownership' of some Object, physical or abstract, by some ''Government''.. `See also ''State-owned''`
Super-classes	Ownership^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value State-owned^c isPerformedBy^op some Government^c hasObjectOwned^op value ValuableThing^c

StateRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateRegion`
Description	The spatial region of the Earth's surface encompassed by the borderlines of a 'StateOrProvince'.
Super-classes	GeopoliticalRegion^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op some CountryRegion^c

StateTrooper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateTrooper`
Description	A ''StateTrooper''is a ''LawEnforcementOfficer'' who works for the police force of a US State. They are most commonly encountered patrolling state highways enforcing traffic regulations. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'trooper' in WordNet: 3. trooper, state trooper - (a state police officer)`
Super-classes	LawEnforcementOfficer^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value USA_State^c

Stated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stated

Description

This sense of ''Stated'' is for oral assertions that are inteded to be interpreted as factual.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stated' in Wordnet:
          1. declared, stated - (declared as fact; explicitly stated)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Stately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stately`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated produces a strong and favorable impression, usually because of its excellent appearance (but including other properties that can be evidenced by observation) as well as being large (possible in a metaphorical sense) for its type. Things that are small or for their type cannot be 'Stately'. Music can be 'Stately' (stretching the meaning). `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'stately' in RHW: 1. majestic; imposing in magnificence, elegance, etc.: a stately home. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stately and sense 1 of 'noble' in WordNet: 1. (3) baronial, imposing, noble, stately - (impressive in appearance; 'a baronial mansion'; 'an imposing residence'; 'a noble tree'; 'severe-looking policemen sat astride noble horses'; 'stately columns')`
Super-classes	Good^c Grand^c
Sub-classes	Regal^c Magnificent^c Majestic^c

Statement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statement`
Description	COSMO we add the parent 'AbstractSymbolicObject' to the Cyc concept 'Statement', which makes it clearly a mental object, rather than a physical object. This is interpreted as the abstract symbolic representation of a statement, not any physical representation, and not the propositional (logical) content of the statement, and not an event of stating something. A ''Statement'' is typically made in language, so is not usually different from the subtype ''LinguisticAssertion''. The alternate subtype ''Testimony'' has a specialized meaning. NOTE that a Statement does not necessarily have to have an audience in mind (it could be demented rambling speech), and therefore is not necessarily part of a Communication. The subtype 'LinguisticAssertion', however, must have an audience in mind, and is therefore constrained to be mentioned in (it might also be a part of) some Communication. The propositional content of a Statement is a Proposition. Cyc: A #$Statement is the #$InformationBearingThing created in a #$StatingSomething. An #$Agent must create the #$Statement and it contains propositional information. The illocutionary force of its contents are an #$Inform. Includes but is more general than noun sense 1 of 'statement' in Wordnet: 1. (60) statement - (a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc; 'according to his statement he was in London on that day')
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Sub-classes	Testimony^c LinguisticAssertion^c Restatement^c Understatement^c

StatementOfFact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatementOfFact`
Description	Each ''StatementOfFact'' is a LinguisticAssertion that is intended to represent some Fact, or true thing. The 'Fact' may not actually be true, but this type represents the Assertions that are presented as 'Facts'. Thus one may say 'His facts are all wrong', with 'fact' in this case meaning the assertions that were represented as Facts, but were not VerifiedFacts `This corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'fact' in WordNet: 2. (91) fact - (a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; 'he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts')`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some Fact^c
Sub-classes	Basics^c TrueStatement-RealWorld^c TrueStatement^c

Statesman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statesman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statesman' in WordNet: 1. (4) statesman, solon, national leader - (a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs)`
Super-classes	Politician^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op value Communism^c

Statewide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statewide

Description

''Statewide''is an attribute of things that occur througout a ''State''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'statewide' in Wordnet:
          1. statewide - (occurring or extending throughout a state;
             'the statewide recycling program')

Super-classes Widespread^c

Static^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Static`
Description	The Tendency of an attribute not to change over some interval of time. Not to be used to modify objects or processes (except insofar as a process may also be represented as an attribute).. `This has nothing to do with radio static (noise). See also 'Stationary' for things not moving. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 5 'stable' and senses 1 and 4 of 'static' in WordNet: 5. static, stable, unchanging - (showing little if any change; 'a static population') 1. (5) static, unchanging - (not active or moving; 'a static village community and a completely undynamic type of agriculture'; 'static feudal societies')`
Super-classes	Steady^c
Sub-classes	Stagnating^c Timeless^c

StaticFriction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StaticFriction`
Description	''StaticFriction'' is the ''Friction'' that keeps a movable solid object from moving when it is pressed against another solid object such as when it is resting on an object unless and until some other force parallel to the resting surface pushes the object against the resting object, in which case the movable object experiences 'dynamic friction'. This is observable when a non-rollable object resting on a flat board stays in place as the board is tilted (and thus the component of the gravitational force on the object parallel to the board surface starts to increase), until the parallel force becomes high enough to exceed the resisting static friction,and the movable object starts to slide down the board. From: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/static+friction The friction arising between two objects in contact that are at rest with respect to each other. Fro: https://study.com/academy/lesson/static-friction-definition-formula-examples.html Have you ever noticed that it's harder to get a shopping cart moving than it is to keep it moving. If you try to push your couch across the room, the first push is the hardest part. Maybe people assume that's nothing more than psychological, but there really is a physics reason for it. The reason is static friction. Friction, in general, is a force that makes it harder for two objects to slide alongside one another. Static friction is the friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface on which it's resting. Once the objects have already started moving, kinetic friction takes over. This is the friction that exists between two objects moving relative to each other. Kinetic friction isn't as strong as static friction, and so it's easier to keep the shopping cart moving.
Super-classes	Friction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Sliding-Generic^c

StaticSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StaticSituation`
Description	COSMO note: This concept is similar to DOLCE 'Stative' but we make it temporarily (v0.2) a parent class of the DOLCE concept. Cyc: A specialization of #$Situation. Each instance of #$StaticSituation is a state of affairs between two or more things, persisting statically over some time interval. Instances of #$StaticSituation always have a temporal extent, and they usually have a tangible and spatial extent. As an example, consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96. There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc. In any #$StaticSituation, for the participants in that situation, there is some significant or focal relationship between them which does not change. In the most typical cases, there is no important change whatsoever, e.g. someone sitting would be such a #$StaticSituation. But some things represented as #$StaticSituations can alternatively be represented as #$Events. For example, a situation in which geese were flying in a flock would be static (the flock-like spatial relationship between the geese would be retained) but it would also be dynamic in that the geese were moving, so either representation could be chosen depending on the context.
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Sub-classes	InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent^c Enjoying^c LikingEvent^c BeingInProximity^c SocialAmbiance^c Estrus^c RelativeAbsence^c Absence^c Readiness^c Equilibrium^c Unconsciousness^c

StaticWaterArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StaticWaterArea`
Description	SUMO: A WaterArea in which water does not flow constantly or in the same direction, e.g. most lakes and ponds.
Super-classes	BodyOfWater^c

StatingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatingSomething`
Description	$StatingSomething means declaring, asserting, setting forth an #$InformationBearingThing, in particular, a #$Statement. The #$Statement is by default propositional. The Assertion created may be in oral or other form(written, sign language, etc.) 'He stated in his letter that he had already been to China'. The resulting statement must be at least in part linguistic, having some propositional content. In SUMO called 'Stating' SUMO: Instances of this Class commit the agent to some truth. For example, John claimed that the moon is made of green cheese. Includes sense 1 of 'state' and sense 2 of 'say' in WordNet: WN verb 'state': 1. (75) state, say, tell - - (express in words; 'He said that he wanted to marry her'; 'tell me what is bothering you'; 'state your opinion'; 'state your name') WN verb 'say': 2. (722) allege, aver, say - - (report or maintain; 'He alleged that he was the victim of a crime'; 'He said it was too late to intervene in the war'; 'The registrar says that I owe the school money')
Super-classes	AssertingEvent^c Informing^c UsingALanguage^c PurposefulAction^c
Sub-classes	MakingaRemark^c Opining^c DisclosingaSecret^c Acknowledging^c Criticizing^c UtteringaCurse^c Alluding^c Assuring^c AdmittingaFact^c EvasiveStatement^c Testifying^c TakingAnOath^c AssertingOrally^c Presentation^c

StatingaWish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatingaWish`
Description	Each 'StatingaWish' is an oral AssertingEvent in which an agent states states that s/he has a 'Wish' for something to happen. The restriction requires that the 'Wish' and its content be represented explicitly. The Wish stated is usually one that the speaker has, but can be another person's wish; @ToDo these may have to be distinguished at some point. `This includes the parts of verb senses 4, 5, 6, and 7 in WordNet that represent expressing a wish orally - including polite wishes that may be considered pro forma or insincere. in WordNet: 4. (12) wish - (make or express a wish; 'I wish that Christmas were over') 5. (5) wish, wish well - (feel or express a desire or hope concerning the future or fortune of) 6. (2) wish - (order politely; express a wish for) 7. (2) wish, bid - (invoke upon; 'wish you a nice evening'; 'bid farewell')`
Super-classes	AssertingOrally^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some Wish^c

StationBreak^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StationBreak

Description

A ''StationBreak'' is an Intermision in a broadcasting program during which announcements are made or advertisements are broadcast, or the name of the station is announced (the " Station Identification ").

        RHW 'station break':
          Radio and Television.
            an interval between or during programs for identifying the station, 
            making announcements, etc.

Super-classes MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Intermission^c

Stationary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stationary`
Description	'Stationary' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is the main participant in a 'StayingStill' Event. This includes objects (such as buidings) that do not typically move, as well as mobile objects that are not moving linearly at the moment (but may be rotating or vibrating, or parts may be moving while the center of gravity remains approximately the same. `This is the opposite attribute of something 'MovingLinearly' (i.e. moving it location). This is distinguished from the subtype attribute of of 'Motionless', which means something is not moving at all, not even rotating or vibrating. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stationary' in WordNet: 1. (12) stationary - (standing still; 'the car remained stationary with the engine running')`
Super-classes	MotionAttribute^c
Sub-classes	StandingStill^c Motionless^c Stuck^c

StationaryArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StationaryArtifact`
Description	The SUMO term for the concept 'ConstructionArtifact' in this ontology..
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Stationery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stationery

Description

This is one piece of 'letter paper'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stationery' in WordNet:
         1. (2) stationery, letter paper - (paper cut to an appropriate size 
               for writing letters; usually with matching envelopes)

Super-classes SheetOfWritingPaper^c
StationeryProduct^c

StationeryProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StationeryProduct`
Description	CYC: The collection of items used for producing written communication. `NOTE: This is interpreted as the type that includes pieces of ''Stationery'', which is some 'writing paper' designed for correspondence (''Corresponding''); and a separate subtype for a matching envelope (not yet represented).`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	HandWritingImplement^c Stationery^c Envelope^c

Statistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statistic`
Description	Any ''Fact'' that expresses information using numerical quantities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statistic' in WordNet: 1. (7) statistic - (a datum that can be represented numerically)`
Super-classes	Datum^c
Sub-classes	Demographics^c

Statistical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statistical

Description

''Statistical'' pertains to any aspect of Statistics or StatisticalAnalysis

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'statistical' in WordNet:
           1. (5) statistical - (of or relating to statistics; "statistical population")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

StatisticalAnalysis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatisticalAnalysis`
Description	''StatisticalAnalysis'' is any of various forms of DataAnalysis in which patterns of co-occurrrence of different entities or properties of entities in some context (or the same entity in different contexts, such as different times) are discovered in (usually large) quantities of data. the co-occurrence may of may not indicate some direct or indirect causal relation, and the cause for the co-occurence may be further investigated, or the fact of co-occurrence may be used for any of various purposes such as targeting advertsing or diagnosing illness. `The result of such anaysis is a statistical (probabilistic) relation beween entities, usually only valid within some defined context`
Super-classes	DataAnalysis^c MathematicalThing^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some (StatisticalMeasure^c or StatisticalRange^c or StatisticalSample^c or Statistics^c or LocationType^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Correlating^c

StatisticalMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatisticalMeasure`
Description	A 'MeasurableQuantity'. meaning that it is a quantitative measure in some kind of units, but could be dimensionless. `Each 'StatisticalMeasure' is the mathematical result of a calculation of measures from multiple entities, using some form of statistical analysic to create an abstract summary of some property of the whole group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statistic' in WordNet: 1. (7) statistic - (a datum that can be represented numerically)`
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value DoingMath^c
Sub-classes	EconomicIndicator^c NumericalCorrelation^c

StatisticalProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatisticalProcedure`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statistical procedure' in WordNet: 1. statistical method, statistical procedure - (a method of analyzing or representing statistical data; a procedure for calculating a statistic)`
Super-classes	MathematicalProcedure^c
Sub-classes	StatisticalRegression^c MultivariateAnalysis^c

StatisticalRange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatisticalRange`
Description	StatisticalRange is a measure relating to the width of some statistical distribution. Most commonly, the one-sigma range for the gaussian distribution is used.
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c ConfidenceInterval^c
Sub-classes	GaussianOneSigma^c

StatisticalRegression^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatisticalRegression

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'statistical regression' in WordNet:
         1. regression, simple regression, regression toward the mean, statistical regression -
            (the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y 
            (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)

Super-classes StatisticalProcedure^c

StatisticalSample^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatisticalSample`
Description	A ''StatisticalSample'' is an ''ObjectGroup"' that is a relatively small portion (less than half) of a larger ''ObjectGroup"', taken to allow measurements that can provide information about the whole group (or about Groups of similar type). This can be a PhysicalObject or an AbstractObject The ''StatisticalSample'' can be a Group of PhysicalObjects or a Group of ''InformationObjects'' or ''InformationBearingObjects'', whatever needs some analysis. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sample' in WordNet: 2. (13) sample distribution, sample, sampling - (items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Object^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some ObjectGroup^c

StatisticalSignificance^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatisticalSignificance

Description

The ''StatisticalSignificance'' is the numerical ''Likelihood'' that some mathematical result comparing two or more variables could occur by chance, rather than due to some causative factor.

       No WN sense.
       Investopedia description:
          Statistical significance refers to the claim that a result from data 
            generated by testing or experimentation is not likely to occur randomly 
            or by chance but is instead likely to be attributable to a specific cause.

Super-classes Probability^c

Statistically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statistically

Description

''Statistically'' is an AdverbialModifier that has the general meaning 'with respect to statistics'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'statistically' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) statistically - (with respect to statistics; 'this is statistically impossible')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

StatisticallySignificant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatisticallySignificant

Description

To be ''StatisticallySignificant'' is to satisfy mathematical criteria that some effect observed within a large enough sample of observable phnomena is unlikely to be due to chance. The degree of unlikelihood for 'significance' is usually taken as one chance in 20, but for proving correlations (rather than just providing evidence that further investigation is warranted) some scientists require that a lower possibility of chance should be demonstrated by the data.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'significant' in WordNet:
            3. (3) significant - (too closely correlated to be attributed to
               chance and therefore indicating a systematic relation; 
               'the interaction effect is significant at the .01 level';
               'no significant difference was found')

Super-classes Significant^c

Statistics^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statistics`
Description	''Statistics'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that concerns itself with the use of a ''StatisticalAnalysis'' in writing or speech. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statistics' in WordNet: 1. statistics - (a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c Methodology^c
Restrictions	isaBranchOf^op value Mathematics^c hasTopic^op value StatisticalAnalysis^c

Statue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statue`
Description	Statues as art forms - usually figures of persons or animals (real or imaginary) carved in stone, wood, metal, etc. They can be of any material, including ''Snow'' as in a ''Snowman''. `For representations of non-living things, use the parent type ''Sculpture''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'statue' and noun sense 4 of 'figure' in WordNet: 1. (5) statue - (a sculpture representing a human or animal) WN noun 'figure': 4. (14) figure - (a model of a bodily form (especially of a person); 'he made a figure of Santa Claus')`
Super-classes	Sculpture^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some (Animal^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Snowman^c

Stature^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stature

Description

A ''Stature'' is the 'Height' of a Person when standing erect (''StandingUp''). In Russian this measure is considered as a type of 'length'. This same measure could be taken while a Person is lying straight and prone - not necessary to add such detail.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stature' in WordNet:
      2. stature, height - ((of a standing person) the distance from head to foot)

Super-classes Height^c

Status^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Status`
Description	''Status'' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) reflecting the opinion of other people, which also affects the ''Influence'' of a Person on others, A ''Status'' can be good or bad, 'high' or 'low'. This sense of ''Status'' is vague and general. For a ''Status'' that is more specific to some criterion or situation, use the subtype ''Standing'', or for Roles that reflect a hierarchy of superiority and inferiority, use subtype ''Rank''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'status' in WordNet: 1. (20) status, position - (the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society; 'he had the status of a minor'; 'the novel attained the status of a classic'; 'atheists do not enjoy a favorable position in American life')`
Super-classes	RelativeState^c SocialState^c OrganismCondition^c
Sub-classes	Terms^c Citizenship^c SocialRank^c BeingRecognized^c Anonymity^c LowStatus^c Nomination^c SuperiorStatus^c Rank^c Standing^c HighProfile^c FinancialStatus^c

StatusGoal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatusGoal

Description

COSMO note: in COSMO a mental object.

     Cyc: This attribute characterizes goals which are
        concerned with an agent's status in (or with) another
        agent or group of agents.  The kinds of 'status'
        at issue here include an agent's level of prestige,
        power, and influence, and position within an organization.
        Correspondingly, the kinds of agents or groups in which one
        can have a 'status' includes organizations,
        geographical regions, professional groups, and peer groups.
        Examples of goals which may be qualified with #$StatusGoal
        include a country's goal of broadening its sphere of
        influence, and an academic's goal of being influential
        in his field of study.

Super-classes Goal^c

Statute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statute`
Description	A ''Statute'' is a ''RuleForBehavior'' created by any level of legislative body (''LegislativeOrganization''), including local governing bodies that produce ''Ordinance''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statute' in WordNet: 1. (5) legislative act, statute - (an act passed by a legislative body)`
Super-classes	RuleForBehavior^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value LegislativeOrganization^c
Sub-classes	Legislation^c Ordinance^c

StatuteBill^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StatuteBill

Description

A 'StatuteBill' is a preliminary version (a 'DraftDocument-Abstract') of an AbstractDocumnent that is intended to become a law (though it may not become a law).

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bill' in WordNet:
       1. (686) bill, measure - (a statute in draft before it becomes law; 
         'they held a public hearing on the bill')

Super-classes DraftDocument-Abstract^c

Statutory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Statutory

Description

''Statutory'' pertains to a 'Statute'' and the things required by or addressed in a ''Statute''.

   Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'statutory' in Wordnet:
      1. (4) statutory - (relating to or created by statutes;
           'statutory matters'; 'statutory law')
      2. statutory - (prescribed or authorized by or punishable under a statute;
          'statutory restrictions'; 'a statutory age limit'; 
          'statutory crimes'; 'statutory rape')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

StauchingBleeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StauchingBleeding`
Description	A ''StauchingBleeding'' is a 'StauchingaLiquidFlow' inwhich the 'liquid flow' is a ''Bleeding'' event.
Super-classes	StauchingaLiquidFlow^c
Restrictions	finishes^op value Bleeding^c

StauchingaLiquidFlow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StauchingaLiquidFlow`
Description	A 'StauchingaLiquidFlow' is a ''StoppingEvent'' that stops a ''FluidFlowEvent''. This term is often associate with the subtype ''StaunchingBloodFlow''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staunch' in WordNet: 1. stem, stanch, staunch, halt - (stop the flow of a liquid; 'staunch the blood flow'; 'them the tide')`
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c BlockingFluidFlow^c
Restrictions	finishes^op value FluidFlowEvent^c
Sub-classes	StauchingBleeding^c

StavingIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StavingIn`
Description	A ''StavingIn''is a Bursting that creates a hole in something. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stave in' in Wordnet: 2. stave, stave in - (burst or force (a hole) into something)`
Super-classes	Bursting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Hole^c

StayingBehind^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StayingBehind

Description

'StayingBehind' is a PersistentState in which some Person remains in some location after other people have left. This type is a subtype of both 'BeingLeftOver' and 'RemainingInaLocation' and 'Action'. 'the party started to break up at 11, but Jack stayed till twelve.' 'The teacher stayed in the room after all the students left.' Using this type implies that some other thing(s) have left the indicated location. This is for IntentionalAgents that intentionally decide to remain in some location.

    This corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'remain' and
     sense 2 of 'stay' in WordNet:
       3. (34) remain - (be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc.;
       'There remains the question of who pulled the trigger';
       'Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency 
       the U.S. did not fight a war')
     WN 'stay':
       2. (32) stay, stick, stick around, stay put -- (stay put (in a certain place); 
       'We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati'; 
       'Stay put in the corner here!'; 'Stick around and you will learn something!')

Super-classes PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
RemainingInaLocation^c
BeingLeftOver^c

StayingInaHospital^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StayingInaHospital`
Description	''StayingInaHospital'' is a ''StayingInaPlace'' in which some Person stays for some time, not necessarily ''Overnight'' in a bed (or a gurney) in a Hospital. This can be for a brief recovery period after a medical procedure.
Super-classes	StayingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value HospitalBuilding^c
Sub-classes	StayingOvernightInaHospital^c

StayingInaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StayingInaPlace`
Description	''StayingInaPlace'' is a ''PersistentState'' that is an ''Action'' in which some Person arrives at and stays temporarily in some location. NOTE: the WN verb sense 3 of 'stay' suggests that it includes a prolonged 'dwelling', but this sense is explicitly for staying that is intended to be temporary. Includes noun sense 1 ad verb sense 3 of 'stay' in WordNet: 1. (415) stay - (continuing or remaining in a place or state; 'they had a nice stay in Paris'; 'a lengthy hospital stay'; 'a four-month stay in bankruptcy court') WN verb 'stay': 3. (22) bide, abide, stay - (dwell; 'You can stay with me while you are in town'; 'stay a bit longer--the day is still young')
Super-classes	Action^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	alwaysFollows^op value ArrivingAtAPlace^c occursBefore^op value LeavingaPlace^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c
Sub-classes	StayingInaHospital^c StayingOvernight^c Stopover^c

StayingInaState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StayingInaState`
Description	A PersistentState in which some situation continues for some time as it was at the beginning. NOTE: This differs from the more generic 'NonEvent' only in that the thing that persists will be some attribute(s) of an Object or Situation rather than being in some specific location; this sense includes staying in some occupation or position of responsibility. For staying in some location use 'RemainingInaLocation'. For being left over after other parts of an object or group have left or been taken away or been consumed, use 'BeingLeftOver'. These senses of 'remaining' are not necessarily disjoint, and may describe different views of the same situation. NOTE that this type is disjoint with 'BecomingEvent'; in situations where some things are changing and some staying the same, to represent those events as 'BecomingEvent' and 'StayingInaState' would require that those aspects of the situation be represented as subevents of the more inclusive situation, Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'remain' and sense 1 of 'stay' in WordNet: 1. (139) stay, remain, rest - (stay the same; remain in a certain state; 'The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it'; 'rest assured'; 'stay alone'; 'He remained unmoved by her tears'; 'The bad weather continued for another week') 2. (40) stay, stay on, continue, remain - (continue in a place, position, or situation; 'After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser'; 'Stay with me, please'; 'despite student protests, he remained Dean for another year'; 'She continued as deputy mayor for another year') WN verb 'persist': 3. (1) persist, remain, stay - (stay behind; 'The smell stayed in the room'; 'The hostility remained long after they made up')
Super-classes	NonEvent^c
Restrictions	hasConstantAttributeOrLocation^op some (AttributeValue^c or AttributeValueType^c or PersistentState^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Loitering^c Subsisting^c LingeringAction^c Inaction^c Surviving^c Outliving^c

StayingOvernight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StayingOvernight`
Description	''StayingOvernight'' is a ''StayingInaPlace'' in which some Person stays during the night and usually sleeps, at some Place that is hot her/his ordinary residence - a friend's house, a hotel, a hospital, a campsite, wherever. `TO 'pull an overnighter' is close, being to work throughout the night when one is not expected to perform work that late - but that kind of 'overnighter' does not usually include sleeping. This concept is also included here. No WN sense found. In RHW 'overnighter' sense 2 applies: 1. an overnight stay or trip.`
Super-classes	StayingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Overnight^c occurredWithinTimeInterval^op value NightTime^c
Sub-classes	StayingOvernightInaHospital^c

StayingOvernightInaHospital^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StayingOvernightInaHospital`
Description	''StayingOvernightInaHospital'' is a ''StayingOvernight'' while ''StayingInaHospital''. e, wherever. `TO 'pull an overnighter' is close, being to work throughout the night when one is not expected to perform work that late - but that kind of 'overnighter' does not usually include sleeping. This concept is also included here. No WN sense found. In RHW 'overnighter' sense 2 applies: 1. an overnight stay or trip.`
Super-classes	StayingInaHospital^c StayingOvernight^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Inpatient^c

StayingStill^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StayingStill

Description

'StayingStill' is a PersistentState in which some PhysicalObject remains in some location, resting on something else (supported by another object). 'The ball was resting on the table'; 'It stayed on the shelf for years'

    NOTE that 'StandingStillEvent' is not a subtype of 'StayingStill' because one
    can be moving bodyparts other than the legs while 'StandingStill', whereas
    this type 'StayingStill' indicates that no parts of the object so characterized
    are moving.

    An object in the 'StayingStill' state has the AttributeValue 'Stationary'.

    This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rest' and part of  sense 2 of 'stay' in WordNet:
       1. (20) rest - (not move; be in a resting position)
     WN 'stay':
       2. (32) stay, stick, stick around, stay put - (stay put (in a certain place); 
       'We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati'; 
       'Stay put in the corner here!'; 'Stick around and you will learn something!')

Super-classes StandingStillEvent^c

Steadily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steadily

Description

''Steadily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies processive Events or Processes and specifies that the action had the property ''Steady'', e.g. occurred without significant breaks or interruptions in the rate of the thing changing.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steadily' in Wordnet:
          1. (6) steadily - (at a steady rate or pace; 'his interest eroded steadily')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Steady^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steady`
Description	'Steady' is a very broad attribute asserting that some specified or implicit object, process, or attribute is relatively unchanging over some interval of time (which may or may not be specified, and may be short), or has a tendency to be unchanging in some respect. See subtypes to differentiate the kinds of things about which this attribute can be asserted, and the intervals of time over which the stadiess may continue. Note that an object can be 'Steady' (in some respect) while still moving; for no motion (relative to some frame) use 'Motionless'. This is the defining Attribute of a ''PersistentState'' (which may perist for a very short or very long period of time). Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of 'stable' and adj senses 1 and 2 of 'steady' in WordNet: 1. (6) stable - (resistant to change of position or condition; 'a stable ladder'; 'a stable peace'; 'a stable relationship'; 'stable prices') 2. (2) stable - (firm and dependable; subject to little fluctuation; 'the economy is stable') 3. stable - (not taking part readily in chemical change) 4. stable - (maintaining equilibrium) 5. static, stable, unchanging - (showing little if any change; 'a static population') WN adj 'steady': 1. (11) steady - (not subject to change or variation especially in behavior; 'a steady beat'; 'a steady job'; 'a steady breeze'; 'a steady increase'; 'a good steady ballplayer') 2. firm, steady, unfluctuating - (not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall; 'stocks are still firm')
Super-classes	LastingForSomeTime^c Tendency^c
Sub-classes	Continued^c PersistingForHours^c Static^c

Steak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steak`
Description	A ''Steak'' is a ''MeatObject'' consisting of cooked meat, usually referring to beef, but also to other types of meat. This is a 'slice' meant for eating, and thus has a maximum thickness, extimated here as 6 com. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steak' in Wordnet: 1. (2) steak - (a slice of meat cut from the fleshy part of an animal or large fish)`
Super-classes	SliceOfSomething^c CookedFoodObject^c MeatObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters^dp value 6.0^c
Sub-classes	Beefsteak^c

Stealing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stealing`
Description	A specialization of both #$GainingControl and #$ActsCommonlyConsideredCriminal. In each instance of #$Stealing, an agent (see the collection #$Agent) takes something belonging to another agent without that agent's permission (and possibly without that agent's knowledge). Note that there may be some cases in which an agent takes something belonging to another agent without that agent's explicit permission that would nevertheless not be categorized as instances of #$Stealing. For instance, a pair of agents may have an informal agreement or understanding that would cover casual borrowing from one another (and thus excuse it from being stealing). SUMO: Any UnilateralGetting which is not permitted by the origin of the UnilateralGetting. These cases of UnilateralGetting are distinguished from ones where the destination is the subject of charity or other forms of benefaction. Oxf: robbery, stealing, thieving, larceny, thievery, robbing, pilfering, pilferage, purloining Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'steal' in WordNet, including only the illegal type of 'stealing' (not plagiarism), and to noun sense 1 of 'stealing' and sense 1 of 'theftand sense 1 of 'thievery'': in Wordnet: 1. (23) steal - (take without the owner's consent; 'Someone stole my wallet on the train'; 'This author stole entire paragraphs from my dissertation') WN 'stealing': 1. (1) larceny, theft, thievery, thieving, stealing - (the act of taking something from someone unlawfully; 'the thieving is awful at Kennedy International') WN verb 'thieve': 1. hook, snitch, thieve, cop, knock off, glom - (take by theft; 'Someone snitched my wallet!')
Super-classes	TakingSomethingAway^c UnilateralGetting^c TransferOfControl^c UndesirableThing^c Crime^c ViolatingAnObligation^c HostileSocialAction^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Thief^c
Sub-classes	Embezzling^c Pilfering^c Burglary^c Robbery^c

Stealth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stealth`
Description	A ''Stealth'' is a form of ''AvoidanceAction'' in which the thing hidden is a Person, who is moving in a ''Movement-TranslationEvent'' while trying to avoid detection (''BeingObserved''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stealth' in WordNet: 1. (1) stealth, stealing - (avoiding detection by moving carefully)`
Super-classes	AvoidanceAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c prevents^op value BeingObserved^c prevents^op value Detecting^c co-occurredWith^op value Movement-TranslationEvent^c

Steam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steam`
Description	Steam as a substance, the gaseous form of water. This is for hot steam, above the boiling point of water, not for visible vapor clouds caused by water condensing in a cold atmosphere. For ''Water'' in the gaseous phase as a component of a mixture of gases, use ''WaterVapor''. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'steam' in WordNet, but includes any water above boiling temperature, including high-pressure steam at temperatures higher than 100C, in enclosed systems such as turbines.: in WordNet: 1. (6) steam - (water at boiling temperature diffused in the atmosphere)`
Super-classes	Gas^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot^c

SteamBath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteamBath`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steam bath' in Wordnet: 1. (1) steam bath, steam room, vapor bath, vapour bath - (a room that can be filled with steam in which people bathe; 'vapour bath' is a British term)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hot^c containsSubstance^op value Steam^c
Sub-classes	Sauna^c

SteamEngine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteamEngine`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Engines that use steam to turn turbines or move pistons. SUMO: SteamEngine is the subclass of Engines that produce mechanical power from heat and steam pressure. NOTE: classically considered to have been invented by James Watt (''JamesWatt''): Wikipedia: The Watt steam engine, alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine, was an early steam engine and was one of the driving forces of the industrial revolution. James Watt developed the design sporadically from 1763 to 1775 with support from Matthew Boulton. Watt's design saved so much more fuel compared with earlier designs that they were licensed based on the amount of fuel they would save. Watt never ceased developing the steam engine, introducing double-acting designs (with two cylinders) and various systems for taking off rotary power. Watt's design became synonymous with steam engines, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design. The first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the "atmospheric" design. At the end of the power stroke, the weight of the object being moved by the engine, pulled the piston to the top of the cylinder, as steam was introduced. Then the cylinder was cooled by a spray of water, which caused the steam to condense, forming a partial vacuum in the cylinder. Atmospheric pressure on the top of the piston pushed it down, lifting the work object. Watt noticed that it required significant amounts of heat to warm the cylinder back up to the point where steam could enter the cylinder without immediately condensing. When the cylinder was warm enough that it became filled with steam the next power stroke could commence. Watt realised that the heat needed to warm the cylinder could be saved by adding a separate condensing cylinder. After the power cylinder was filled with steam, a valve was opened to the secondary cylinder, allowing the steam to flow into it and be condensed, which drew the steam from the main cylinder causing the power stroke. The condensing cylinder was water cooled to keep the steam condensing. At the end of the power stroke, the valve was closed so the power cylinder could be filled with steam as the piston moved to the top. The end result was the same cycle as Newcomen's design, but without any cooling of the power cylinder which was immediately ready for another stroke. Watt worked on the design over a period of several years, introducing the condenser, and introducing improvements to practically every part of the design. Notably, Watt performed a lengthy series of trials on ways to seal the piston in the cylinder, which considerably reduced leakage during the power stroke, preventing power loss. All of these changes produced a more reliable design which used half as much coal to produce the same amount of power.[1] The new design was introduced commercially in 1776, with the first example sold to the Carron Company ironworks. Watt continued working to improve the engine, and in 1781 introduced a system using a sun and planet gear to turn the linear motion of the engines into rotary motion. This made it useful not only in the original pumping role, but also as a direct replacement in roles where a water wheel would have been used previously. This was a key moment in the industrial revolution, since power sources could now be located anywhere instead of, as previously, needing a suitable water source and topography. Boulton began developing a multitude of machines that made use of this rotary power, developing the first modern industrialized factory, the Soho Foundry, which in turn produced new steam engine designs. Watt's early engines were like the original Newcomen designs in that they used low-pressure steam, and all of the power was produced by atmospheric pressure. When, in the early 1800s, other companies introduced high-pressure steam engines, Watt was reluctant to follow suit due to safety concerns.[2] Wanting to improve on the performance of his engines, Watt began considering the use of higher-pressure steam, as well as designs using multiple cylinders in both the double-acting concept and the multiple-expansion concept. These double-acting engines required the invention of the parallel motion, which allowed the piston rods of the individual cylinders to move in straight lines, keeping the piston true in the cylinder, while the walking beam end moved through an arc, somewhat analogous to a crosshead in later steam engines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steam engine' in WordNet: 1. (2) steam engine - (external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder)
Super-classes	ExternalCombustionEngine^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RotatingaShaft^c hasComponentPart^op value Piston^c uses^op value Steam^c hasComponentPart^op value PistonChamber^c

SteamLocomotive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteamLocomotive`
Description	A ''SteamLocomotive'' is a ''RailroadTrainEngine'' powered by a steam engine. This typically uses coal as the fuel,but small older version may have used wood. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locomotive' in WordNet: 1. locomotive, engine, locomotive engine, railway locomotive - (a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks)`
Super-classes	RailroadTrainEngine^c
Restrictions	consumesSubstance^op value Coal^c usesEnergySource^op value SteamEngine^c hasComponentPart^op value SteamEngine^c hasComponentPart^op value Firebox^c

SteamShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteamShip`
Description	A ''Ship'' powered by ''Steam''. `At one time a steamship might have backup sails so this is not absolutely disjoint with a sailng ship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steamship' in WordNet: 1. steamer, steamship - (a ship powered by one or more steam engines)`
Super-classes	WaterTransportationVehicle^c Ship^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value SteamEngine^c usesEnergySource^op value FossilFuel^c usesEnergySource^op value SteamEngine^c
Sub-classes	OceanLiner^c PaddleWheeler^c

Steamed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steamed

Description

CYC: The attribute #$Steamed is a specialized form of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Steamed has been prepared in an event of #$SteamingFood.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steamed' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) steamed - (cooked in steam; 'steamed clams')

Super-classes Cooked^c

SteamedClam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteamedClam`
Description	One Clam that has been steamed. A component of a ''DishOfFood'' of steamed clams.
Super-classes	Clam^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dead^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Steamed^c

SteamedFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteamedFoodObject`
Description	Any quantity of Food that has been 'steamed' - exposed to a ''SteamingFood'' long enough to cook it.
Super-classes	FoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Steamed^c

Steaming^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steaming

Description

Something characterized as ''Steaming'' is usually giving off visible 'steam', hot water vapor, or is as hot as something that can give off steam, close to the boiling ppoint of water.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steaming' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) steaming, steamy - (filled with steam or emitting moisture 
              in the form of vapor or mist; 'a steaming kettle'; 'steamy towels')

Super-classes Hot^c

SteamingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteamingFood`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'steam' in WordNet: 6. steam - (cook something by letting steam pass over it; 'just steam the vegetables')`
Super-classes	CookingFood^c ExposureToSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value Steam^c produced^op some SteamedFoodObject^c

Steel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steel`
Description	Steel is an Alloy which typically has at least 50% iron in it, but sometimes (as in some stainless steels) has less than 50%. `Cyc comment: The collection of all contiguous portions of steel, an alloy of iron containing a small amount of carbon. SUMO; A MetallicAlloy made from Iron and other elements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steel' in WordNet: 1. (21) steel - (an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range)`
Super-classes	IronAlloy^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Carbon^c
Sub-classes	StainlessSteel^c

SteelBeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteelBeam`
Description	A ''StructuralBeam'' made of ''Steel''. This includes but is not restricted to 'girders'. Wordnet has a dozen subtypes of 'beam' used in construction. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'beam' in WordNet: 2. (9) beam - (long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction)`
Super-classes	StructuralBeam^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Steel^c
Sub-classes	SteelGirder^c

SteelGirder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteelGirder`
Description	A ''SteelGirder'' is a ''SteelBeam'' (a ''StructuralBeam'' made of ''Steel''). If not made of Steel,it can be represented as a ''StructuralBeam''. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'girder' in WordNet: 1. girder - (a beam made usually of steel; a main support in a structure)
Super-classes	SteelBeam^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Steel^c

SteelWire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteelWire`
Description	SteelWire is a Substance consisting of Steel in the form of a Wire..
Super-classes	WireStuff^c
Sub-classes	BarbWire^c

Steep^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steep

Description

A surface that is 'Steep' is 'Inclined' at an angle to the Horizontal sufficient to make upward motion noticeably more difficult than progress on level ground.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steep' in WordNet:
         1. (5) steep - (having a sharp inclination;
            'the steep attic stairs'; 'steep cliffs')

Super-classes Inclined^c

Steep-sided^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steep-sided`
Description	''Steep-sided'' is a feature of those ''HillOrMountain''s whose slope on the sides (not on the top) in many or most parts is greater than 25 degrees upward from the horizontal and less than 45 degrees. For slopes more than 45 degrees use 'VerySteep''.. (the number may be changed if the consensus of meaning differs) `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steep-sided' in Wordnet: 1. steep-sided - (having very steep sides)`
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	VerySteep^c

Steeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steeping`
Description	'Steeping'' is a ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'' for any purpose. Often the purpose is to extract some substances from the immersed material which dissolves in the liquid (as in ''MakingTea''), and that purpose is represented by the subtpe ''ExtractingBySteeping''. But this also includes the subtype ''Pickling'' in brine for the purpose of making an object salty, i.e. to add some substance to the object steeped, the opposite of extracting substances. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'infuse' in WordNet: 4. steep, infuse - (let sit in a liquid to extract a flavor or to cleanse; 'steep the blossoms in oil'; 'steep the fruit in alcohol')`
Super-classes	ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Infusion^c hadChangedEntity^op some SolidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	ExtractingBySteeping^c Pickling^c Marinating^c

Steeple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steeple`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steeple' in WordNet: 1. (12) steeple, spire - (a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top)`
Super-classes	Tower^c PointyEndedObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ReligiousBuilding^c
Sub-classes	Pinnacle^c

SteeringADeviceByHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteeringADeviceByHand`
Description	An instance of #$CumulativeEventType and a specialization of #$GuidingAMovingObject and #$HandlingADevice. Each instance of #$SteeringADeviceByHand is an event in which an agent manually controls the course of a #$TransportationDevice in a #$TransportationEvent. See also #$SteeringFn. `NOTE that 'steering' is something done by some agent, but that agent can be an automaton such as the automatic controller of a driverless car or a remote operator for an airplane drone or other vehicle. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'steer' in WordNet - specifically performing direct control of a moving vehicle: in WordNet: 1. (4) steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise - (direct the course; determine the direction of travelling)`
Super-classes	GuidingaTransportationDevice^c HumanActivity^c HandlingADevice^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some (TransportationDeviceType^c or TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c)
Sub-classes	SteeringaShip^c SteeringaRoadVehicle^c

SteeringDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteeringDevice`
Description	The thing a driver (pilot, captain) uses to steer some TransportationDevice. `Steering wheels, handle bars, joysticks, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steering mechanism' in WordNet: 1. steering system, steering mechanism - (a mechanism by which something is steered (especially a motor vehicle))`
Super-classes	VehicleController^c Device-UserControlled^c Mechanism^c
Restrictions	steers^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c isUsedInAction^op value SteeringADeviceByHand^c
Sub-classes	SteeringWheel^c AirplaneJoystick^c Tiller^c Helm^c Rudder^c

SteeringWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteeringWheel`
Description	The thing the driver uses to steer the car. `SUMO: A VehicleController which enables one to steer a Vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steering wheel' in Wordnet: 1. (1) steering wheel, wheel - (a handwheel that is used for steering)`
Super-classes	SteeringDevice^c MechanicalAutoPart^c Device-UserControlled^c VehicleController^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value SteeringaRoadVehicle^c steers^op value RoadVehicle^c

SteeringaRoadVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteeringaRoadVehicle`
Description	''SteeringaRoadVehicle'' is one component of the Action ''DrivingaRoadVehicle'' (which also includes controlling the speed of the vehicle and stopping and starting the engine, plus some ancillary functions). NOTE that 'steering' is something done by some agent, but that agent can be an automaton such as the automatic controller of a driverless car or a remote operator for an airplane drone or other vehicle. A passive passenger in a driverless car would not be 'steering' unless s/he took over or shared control with the automatic pilot. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'steer' in Wordnet: 1. (4) steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise - (direct the course; determine the direction of travelling)
Super-classes	RidingInaVehicle^c OperatingaPoweredDevice^c ControllingATransportationDevice^c SteeringADeviceByHand^c
Restrictions	hadObjectRidden^op value RoadVehicle^c hadObjectHandled^op some RoadVehicle^c
Sub-classes	Parking^c

SteeringaShip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteeringaShip`
Description	''SteeringaShip'' is a ''SteeringADeviceByHand'' where the Device is a ''Boat''.
Super-classes	ControllingATransportationDevice^c SteeringADeviceByHand^c GuidingaTransportationDevice^c OperatingaPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some Boat^c

Stellar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stellar

Description

'''Stellar'' is an AttributeValue of astronomical ''Star''s and associated things.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'stellar' in Wordnet:
        2. stellar, astral - (being or relating to or resembling or emanating from stars;
            'an astral body'; 'stellar light')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Stem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stem`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stem' and sense 2 of 'stalk' of WordNet. `CYC: Stems of plants. May be green or woody. NOTE that CYC makes the distinction between a 'stem' and a 'stalk',reserving the latter term for the stem of non-woody plants. See ''Stalk''. 2. (10) stalk, stem - (a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Sub-classes	PlantStraw^c Bulb-ThePlantPart^c TreeTrunk^c Beanstalk^c Stalk^c

Stench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stench`
Description	An 'OdorousGas' that is unpleasant. This is a Gas, not a perception, as in WordNet. 'the stench filled the room' `Similar to CYC 'FoulOdor': an odor which humans find unpleasant to smell Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stench' in WordNet: 1. malodor, malodour, stench, stink, reek, fetor, foetor, mephitis - (a distinctive odor that is offensively unpleasant)`
Super-classes	OdorousGas^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stinky^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Displeasure^c

Stenographer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stenographer`
Description	`NOTE: a Court Reporter uses a form of typewriter that can write in shorthand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stenographer' in WordNet: 1. stenographer, amanuensis, shorthand typist - (someone skilled in the transcription of speech (especially dictation))`
Super-classes	Secretary^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value Stenography^c

Stenography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stenography`
Description	This ''Stenography'' is the physical text that was created by a 'stenographer' writing in an abbreviated script that allows rapid writing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stenography' in WordNet: 1. shorthand, stenography, tachygraphy - (a method of writing rapidly)`
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Stenographer^c

StepBrother^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StepBrother

Description

A BiologicalSibling who is male.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepbrother' in WordNet:
      1. stepbrother, half-brother, half brother - (a son of your stepparent by a former marriage)

Super-classes Brother^c

StepChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StepChild`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepchild' in WordNet: 1. (1) stepchild - (a child of your spouse by a former marriage)`
Super-classes	SonOrDaughter^c
Sub-classes	StepSon^c StepDaughter^c

StepDaughter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StepDaughter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepdaughter' in WordNet: 1. stepdaughter - (a daughter of your spouse by a former marriage)`
Super-classes	StepChild^c

StepFamily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StepFamily`
Description	`No WN sense RHW 'stepfamily': a family composed of a parent, a stepparent, and a child or children by a previous marriage.`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c Family-Human^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Child^c hasComponentElement^op value StepParent^c hasComponentElement^op value Parent^c

StepParent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StepParent`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepparent' in WordNet: 1. stepparent - (the spouse of your parent by a subsequent marriage)`
Super-classes	Parent^c
Sub-classes	Stepfather^c Stepmother^c

StepSister^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StepSister

Description

A half-Sibling who is female.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepsister' in WordNet:
      1. half sister, half-sister, stepsister - (a sister who has only one parent in common with you)

Super-classes Sister^c

StepSon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StepSon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepson' in WordNet: 1. stepson - (the son your spouse by a former marriage)`
Super-classes	StepChild^c

Stepfather^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stepfather`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepfather' in WordNet: 1. stepfather - (the husband of your mother by a subsequent marriage)`
Super-classes	StepParent^c

Stepmother^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stepmother`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepmother' in WordNet: 1. (4) stepmother - (the wife of your father by a subsequent marriage)`
Super-classes	StepParent^c

Steppe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steppe`
Description	A specialization of #$Grassland. Each instance is an area where short grasses are dominant: traditionally, the wild grasslands of Eurasia, but also found extensively in central North America, central and southern Africa, and Australia. Source: The Times Atlas of the World (1995). #hadMissingThing" `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steppe' in WordNet: 1. (1) steppe - (extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia))`
Super-classes	GeographicalZone^c Grassland^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Treeless^c hadMissingThing^op value Tree^c

SteppingStone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteppingStone`
Description	A ''SteppingStone'' is a ''Rock'' larger than a Person's foot, but smaller than an automobile, located in a shallow stream or marsh, useful as part of a path over which a Person can walk through a shallow BodyOfWater. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepping stone' in WordNet: 1. (1) stepping stone - (a stone in a marsh or shallow water that can be stepped on in crossing)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Rock^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Walking^c isInsideOf^op value ShallowBodyOfWater^c isLargerThan^op value Foot^c isSmallerThan^op value Automobile^c

Stepwise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stepwise`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'piecemeal' in Wordnet: 1. bit-by-bit, in small stages, piecemeal, step-by-step, stepwise - (one thing at a time)`
Super-classes	Gradual^c
Sub-classes	Incremental^c

Steradian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steradian

Description

SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is the solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose area is equal to the square of the sphere's radius. Another definition is: the solid angle which, having its vertex in the center of the sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere.
Steradian = m^2/m^2 = 1.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steradian' in WordNet:
    1. steradian, sr - (the unit of solid angle adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites)

Super-classes SolidAngleMeasure^c

Stereophonic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stereophonic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stereophonic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stereophonic, stereo, two-channel - (designating sound transmission from two sources through two channels)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

StereophonicSpeakerSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StereophonicSpeakerSystem`
Description	A ''StereophonicSpeakerSystem'' is a ''SpeakerSystem'' with at least two ''SpeakerDevice''s, designed to emit sound to from the left side and right side of the listener to mimic the spatial distribution of sound emission in some recorded or live performance. `Corresponds to part (the speakers) of noun sense 1 of 'stereo system' in WordNet: 1. stereo, stereophony, stereo system, stereophonic system - (reproducer in which two microphones feed two or more loudspeakers to give a three-dimensional effect to the sound)`
Super-classes	SpeakerSystem^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stereophonic^c hasComponentElement^op min 2

Stereoscopic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stereoscopic

Description

Pertains to viewing things with two eyes (or two lenses, if recording images) that see a ''View'' from slightly different angles and provide a sense of the 'depth' (distance) of objects in the ''View''.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'stereoscopic' in Wordnet:
          1. stereoscopic - (of or relating to a stereoscope; 'stereoscopic lenses')
          2. stereoscopic - (of or relating to stereoscopy; 'stereoscopic vision')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Stereotype^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stereotype`
Description	A 'Stereotype'' is an ''Opinion'' about the properties that an object (often a Person) or Action has about some object (of any type) solely by knowing or believing that the object belongs to some particular category, and that things in that category usually have certain properties. ''Stereoytype''s are often used in ''PigeonHoling'' things. it is a form of ''MentalImagery'' in which the person having the ''Stereotype'' has a mental picture of a typical member of a Category. `NOTE: should add 'TypicalMember' for members of a category that have popular ''Stereotype''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stereotype' in WordNet: 1. (6) stereotype - (a conventional or formulaic conception or image; "regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding")`
Super-classes	Opinion^c MentalImagery^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op only (IntelligentAgent^c or PersonType^c or FictionalCharacter^c or GroupType^c or Group^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Simplistic^c isMoreIntenseThan^op value Notion^c

Stereotypical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stereotypical

Description

''Stereotypical'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Stereotype'', or having characteristics of a ''Stereotype'' or behaving like a ''Stereotype''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stereotypical' in Wordnet:
         1. stereotyped, stereotypic, stereotypical, unimaginative -
            (lacking spontaneity or originality or individuality; 'stereotyped phrases of condolence'; 
            'even his profanity was unimaginative')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sterilizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sterilizing`
Description	''Sterilizing'' is a form of ''Disinfecting'' that uses heating or radiation or (rarely) a poisonous gas to kill any microorganisms (especially pathogenic ones) within the entire region of some PhysicalObject, or within some confined space. For killing ''MicroLifeForm''s on the surface of an Object use the parent type ''Disinfecting''. `process, treat cleaning, cleansing, cleanup Includes but is broader than to verb sense 1 of 'sterilize' (includes killing all MicoLifeForms, including protozoa and viruses) in WordNet: 1. (2) sterilize, sterilise - (make free from bacteria) WN noun 'sterilization: 2. sterilization, sterilisation - (the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria or other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means))`
Super-classes	Disinfecting^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBy^op some HeatingSomething^c mayBeCausedBy^op some Irradiating^c
Sub-classes	Autoclaving^c

SterilizingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SterilizingAnAnimal`
Description	This includes sterilization of males or females by any surgical procedure, human or non-human. Subtypes can be distinguished. NOTE: this is normally 'optional' but may be required for some conditions like cancer. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sterilize' in WordNet: 2. sterilize, sterilise, desex, unsex, desexualize, desexualise, fix - (make infertile; 'in some countries, people with genetically transmissible disabilites are sterilized') WN verb 'neuter': 1. alter, neuter, spay, castrate - (remove the ovaries of; 'Is your cat spayed?') WN noun 'sterilization': 1. sterilization, sterilisation - (the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce))`
Super-classes	Modification^c OptionalSurgery^c
Sub-classes	Castrating^c Vasectomy^c

SterlingSilver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SterlingSilver`
Description	''SterlingSilver'' is a ''MixtureDuo'' composed of 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper.. Being more than 50% Silver, it is also classified as a subtype of ''Silver''. `NOTE that the test inclusion of Iron as a component violates the 'two substance' restriction on ''MixtureDuo'', but the FACT++ reasoner does not object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sterling silver' in WordNet: 1. sterling silver - (a silver alloy with no more than 7.5% copper)`
Super-classes	Silver^c MixtureDuo^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Silver92.5pc^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Iron^c hasComponentSubstance^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Copper7.5pc^c

Sternum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sternum`
Description	The #$Collection of all breastbones (or #$Sternums/sterna). An individual #$Sternum is a #$Bone-BodyPart connecting the two #$RibSeries in the front of the chest and protecting the #$Heart and other organs inside the chest region. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sternum' in WordNet: 1. (1) sternum, breastbone - (the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Trunk-BodyCore^c

Steroid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steroid`
Description	Any of a large group of substances having the steroid ring system, cyclopentanophenanthrene. Some are produced by animals and plants, many more by chemists. For the steroid hormones, use 'SteroidHormone'. `In CYC 'Steroid' is a subtype of 'hormone' but choleserol is a steroid that is not a hormone. See subtype ''SteroidHormone''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steroid' in Wordnet: 1. (4) steroid - (any of several fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms in four rings; many have important physiological effects)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c Lipid^c
Sub-classes	Cholesterol^c SteroidHormone^c Corticosteroid^c

SteroidHormone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteroidHormone`
Description	Called 'Steroid' in Cyc and SUMO: This is the class of biogenic steroids that are both ''Steroid''s and ''Hormone''s. Cyc: The collection of #$Hormones having a characteristic ring structure and formed in the body from cholesterol. It includes both corticosteroid #$Hormones produced by the #$AdrenalGlands and reproductive hormones such as #$Testosterone and #$Estrogen. SUMO: A class of OrganicCompounds having the same basic chemical structure and having significant physiological effects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steroid hormone' and sense 2 of 'steroid' in Wordnet: 1. steroid hormone, steroid, sex hormone - (any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs)
Super-classes	DrugSubstance^c Steroid^c Hormone^c
Sub-classes	Estrogen^c Progesterone^c Androgen^c SteroidalDrug^c Testosterone^c Cortisone^c

SteroidalDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SteroidalDrug`
Description	A ''SteroidalDrug'' is a ''SteroidHormone'' produced in a purified form to be adinistered or some medical purpose. Some 'SteroidHormone''s, such as the 'anabolic steroids' are used illegally, for example by athletes to build up their muscles; in that case they are referred to as 'steroids', as in 'on steroids'..
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c SteroidHormone^c
Sub-classes	AnabolicSteroid^c

Stethoscope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stethoscope`
Description	A CYC: A is a device used to listen to sounds inside a person's body, especially the heartbeat.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stethoscope' in WordNet: 1. (2) stethoscope - (a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c SomethingToWear^c MedicalDevice^c SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c hasPhysicalPart^op min 2 isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Stethoscopy^c hasShape^op value Y-shaped^c

Stethoscopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stethoscopy`
Description	'''Stethoscopy'' is Listening to body sounds, using a .''Stethoscope''.
Super-classes	Listening^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op value InternalBodySounds^c hasPurpose^op value MedicalDiagnosis^c usedDevice^op value Stethoscope^c

Stetson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stetson

Description

The distinctive high crown differentiates this from other types of felt hat.

      Corresponds to the 'Stetson' part of noun sense 1 of 'fedora' in WordNet:
        1. (1) fedora, felt hat, homburg, Stetson, trilby -
          (a hat made of felt with a creased crown)

Super-classes Hat^c

Stew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stew`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stew' in WordNet: 2. stew - (food prepared by stewing especially meat or fish with vegetables)`
Super-classes	Mixture^c CookedFood^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value SolidFood^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Water^c isProducedByEventType^op value Stewing^c

Steward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Steward`
Description	A ''Steward'' is a ''Fiduciary'' who manages and controls some ''Property'' for another Agent.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steward' in WordNet: 1. (1) steward - (someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else)`
Super-classes	Fiduciary^c Functionary^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value GuardingProperty^c performsAction^op value TakingCareOfSomething^c

Stewardship^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stewardship`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stewardship' in WordNet: 1. stewardship - (the position of steward)`
Super-classes	EmploymentPosition^c
Restrictions	mayHaveSubEvent^op value GuardingProperty^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value Steward^c hasSubEvent^op value TakingCareOfSomething^c

Stewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stewing`
Description	Cooking SolidFood in Water, slowly. May include boiling,but does not necessarily. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'stew' in WordNet: 3. stew - (cook slowly and for a long time in liquid; 'Stew the vegetables in wine')`
Super-classes	BoilingFood^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Pot^c produces^op value Stew^c

Stick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stick`
Description	A (relatively) rigid piece of wood that is much longer than it is wide, large enough to manipulate with the hand (a splinter is not an instance), and small enough to hold in one hand. It can be a natural piece of a branch from a tree or shrub,or an artifact piece of lumber, as long as it is of the right size. It is a ''LongAndThinThing'' but is not a ''Shaft' because it can be curved, as is a ''Boomerang'' or a fallen branch of a tree.. `A similar piece of plastic would be a 'rod'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'stick' in WordNet: 1. (7) stick - (an implement consisting of a length of wood; 'he collected dry sticks for a campfire'; 'the kid had a candied apple on a stick') 2. (6) stick - (a small thin branch of a tree)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c SmallObject^c PieceOfWood^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wooden^c
Sub-classes	Club^c Boomerang^c Stake^c WalkingStick^c Staff^c CueStick^c

Sticker-Adhesive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sticker-Adhesive`
Description	CYC: The collection of all adhesive labels, decals, etc. with text and/or an image on the non-adhesive side. `@DB1275 NOTE this is a subtype of ''Paper-IBO'' but some stickers may be made of a plastic material - Rework? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sticker ' in WordNet: 2. gummed label, sticker, paster - (an adhesive label)`
Super-classes	Paper-IBO^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Adhesive^c
Sub-classes	PostageStamp^c

StickingSomethingOutward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StickingSomethingOutward`
Description	''StickingSomethingOutward'' is an 'Motion''in which some ''SolidObject'' is caused to protrude (extend) from inside a larger object, while still connected to that larger object. The result will be a configuration in which the direct object (patient) of this Action is in a ''ExtendingOutward'' state. " stick out your tongue and say 'aah' "; 'the cat extended its claws' NOTE: the ''StickingSomethingOutward'' Action does not have to proceed in a straight line, as when an airplane extends is wheels down, the may move in a rotating motion, and when 'retracted' the may 'fold in' or 'fold up' into the airplane fuselage. There is no WN sysnset that seems to capture this sense, though part of WN sense 5 of 'extend' seems to fit - 'the bee exserted its sting' - however, that sense is only for the movement of body parts. This includes inanimate objects such as a part of a ''Device''.
Super-classes	Motion^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ExtendingOutward^c hasDirectObject^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	ExtendingaBodyPart^c

Sticky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sticky`
Description	Sticky is a qualitative attribute of viscous liquid or semisolid substances that will adhere to dry solid surfaces, and when present as a thin film between two dry surfaces, will resist the pulling apart of those surfaces. It is the property of glue, cement, and other adhesives that have not yet dried. `Dried adhesives are not considered subtypes of this Type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sticky' in WordNet: 1. (4) gluey, glutinous, gummy, mucilaginous, pasty, sticky, viscid, viscous - (having the sticky properties of an adhesive)`
Super-classes	Viscous^c
Sub-classes	Tacky^c

StickyStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StickyStuff`
Description	A StickyStuff is a liquid or semisolid substance that has the property of being sticky.
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sticky^c
Sub-classes	Tar^c Paste^c Adhesive^c Syrup^c Cream-Generic^c

Stiff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stiff`
Description	Stiff is an attribute of objects that resist bending somewhat, but may not be as resistant as something that is Rigid. This is relative to size and shape, and relative to other objects of similar size and composition. To be 'stiff' an Object should not droop noticeably (by less than 5 degrees from horizontal) when held horizontally at one end. A short length of a rod of a certain diameter may be stiff, but a longer length may not be. This AttributeValue is interpreted as having a relatively high value on some scale of 'Stiffness' (which see). For a 'Card','Stiff' means al least that it is stiffer than a piece of paper of 24 pound stock. Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'stiff' in WordNet, but does not include the sense of a 'stiff' neck or joint: in WordNet: 6. rigid, stiff - (incapable of or resistant to bending; 'a rigid strip of metal'; 'a table made of rigid plastic'; 'a palace guardsman stiff as a poker'; 'stiff hair'; 'a stiff neck')
Super-classes	Firm^c
Sub-classes	Rigid^c

StiffBristle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StiffBristle`
Description	A ''StiffBristle'' is one with more than average resistance to being bent.
Super-classes	Bristle^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stiff^c

Stiffening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stiffening`
Description	''Stiffening'' is an Event in which some Object goes from being flexible or loose to ''Stiff''. The degree of stiffness is unspecified, it is just stiffer than the Object was before the ''Stiffening''. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'stiffen' in WordNet: 1. (11) stiffen - (become stiff or stiffer; 'He stiffened when he saw his boss enter the room') 2. (2) stiffen - (make stiff or stiffer; 'Stiffen the cream by adding gelatine')`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	mayCauseObjectToBecome^op value Stiff^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stiff^c

Stiffly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stiffly

Description

      NOTE: adverb 'bolt' is used mostly in the phrase 'bolt upright'

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'stiffly' in WordNet:
         1. (5) stiffly, stiff - (in a stiff manner; 'his hands lay stiffly')
         2. (2) rigidly, stiffly, bolt - (in a rigid manner; 'the body was rigidly erect';
               'he sat bolt upright')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Stiffness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stiffness

Description

This is an AttributeType characterizing the resistance of a PhysicalObject (usually an elongated solid object) to bending when a force is applied to some part iof it while it is held fixed at some other point. The AttributeValues that instantiate this type have not yet (r885) been created.

     The values would be instances of Young's modulus of elasticity.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stiffness' and sense 1 of 'rigidity' in WordNet 
       (however, note that this takes values that are a measure of the *degree* of stiffness, and things that
       are not considered 'stiff' may still have measurable values of this property.
       Also, a part of sense 9 of 'strength' appears to correspond to this type:
     in WordNet:
         1. (1) stiffness - (the physical property of being inflexible and hard to bend)
       WN noun 'rigidity':
         1. rigidity, rigidness - (the physical property of being stiff and resisting bending)

Super-classes Strength^c

Stifled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stifled`
Description	''Stifled'' is an Attribute of some Action that a Person had an urge to do, but intentionally refrained from doing. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stifled' in Wordnet: 1. smothered, stifled, strangled, suppressed - (held in check with difficulty; 'a smothered cough'; 'a stifled yawn'; 'a strangled scream'; 'suppressed laughter')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Suppressed^c

StiflingAnImpulse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StiflingAnImpulse`
Description	This senses of 'StiflingAnImpulse'' represents the Action of reducing or completely inhibiting an urge or impulse (conscious or unconscious) to perform some Action. 'Suppressing' a memory is represented by the subtype ''SupressingaMemory''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stifle' in WordNet: 1. (2) smother, stifle, strangle, muffle, repress - (conceal or hide; 'smother a yawn'; 'muffle one's anger'; 'strangle a yawn')`
Super-classes	SelfControl^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Action^c
Sub-classes	SupressingaMemory^c

Stigma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stigma`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stigma' in WordNet: 6. (1) mark, stigma, brand, stain - (a symbol of disgrace or infamy; 'And the Lord set a mark upon Cain' - Genesis)`
Super-classes	Mark^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Notoriety^c

Still^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Still`
Description	A ''Still'' is an Apparatus used for ''Distilling'', usually for purification of volatile liquid substances. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'still' in WordNet: 3. still - (an apparatus used for the distillation of liquids; consists of a vessel in which a substance is vaporized by heat and a condenser where the vapor is condensed)`
Super-classes	Instrument^c Apparatus^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredInstrumentForAction^op value Centrifuging^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Distilling^c

StillCamera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StillCamera`
Description	An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$StillCamera is a #$Camera that records still #$VisualImages one at a time (rather than many in quick succession to create a moving image, as with a #$VideoCamera). Specializations include #$StillCamera-Digital and #$StillCamera-Film.
Super-classes	Camera^c
Sub-classes	StillCamera-Digital^c StillCamera-Film^c

StillCamera-Digital^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StillCamera-Digital`
Description	CYC: The collection of cameras that record still images (as opposed to strictly moving images) digitally, rather than on film. Some digital cameras may be both DigitalStillCameras and DigitalCamcorders, if they can be used both for taking still pictures and for video.
Super-classes	StillCamera^c DigitalCamera^c

StillCamera-Film^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StillCamera-Film

Description

$StillCamera-Film is the intersection of

        #$StillCamera and #$FilmCamera, i.e. the collection of all
        still cameras that record images on #$PhotographicFilm.

Super-classes FilmCamera^c
StillCamera^c

StillImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StillImage`
Description	A Two-dimensional Physical object having some graphical (non-text) content; this may be a hologram, but it must be contained on two-dimensional surface. The restriction allows the image to be part of a 'SheetOfSomeStuff' (it could be the whole of the sheet) or the surface part of a thicker PhysicalObject. NOTE: PhysicalObject was added because specifying the actual sheet of stuff that an image is on is too laborious and unnecessary. It will always be possible to consider a StillImage as a physical representation of an AbstractImage (i.e. it may have an AbstractRepresentation), but it is not necessary to specify any instance of AbstractImage for each instance of PhysicalImage. It can be a picture, drawing, or any other graphical thing. Writing is not usually considered as a graphical thing, but it is possible that some images may have writing in them, and images of writing are common. The distinction is in the way the entity is actually represented, abstractly and physically. For a moving picture on film, each frame is an instance of this type (see 'Movie' and 'MovieClip'). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'image' in WordNet: 2. (10) picture, image, icon, ikon - (a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; 'they showed us the pictures of their wedding'; 'a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them')
Super-classes	SolidTangibleArtifact^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c PhysicalImage^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value PhysicalObject^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some ObjectType^c
Sub-classes	Collage^c ImageCopy^c ComputerDisplayImage^c Hand-RenderedImage^c Blueprint^c PhysicalMap^c ComputerDisplayDesktop^c IconicImage^c XRayImage^c Picture^c

StillImageSource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StillImageSource`
Description	COSMO note: This is a Cyc class that is interpreted to mean 'anything that can be seen and bears information'. This is not necessarily a PhysicalObject, as it may be lightwaves, but according to the Cyc definition of Stillimage (below), the image should be stable (a constant projection). However, not every PhysicalObject is classified as a 'StillImageSource', only VisualInformationBearingObjects. `Cyc 'Stillimage': A collection of visual images. Each element of #$StillImage is a static visual image. Such images are typically images reflected from, or generated by, objects that don't change in time, e.g. an illuminated photograph. Other examples: images from maps, x-rays, drawings, labels, or any constant projection of light.`
Super-classes	UsefulSource^c PhysicalObject^c VisualInformationBearingThing^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Picture^c isThePlaceOfOriginOf^op value StillImage^c
Sub-classes	HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c Footprint^c Tattoo^c Sculpture^c

StillInProgress^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StillInProgress

Description

'StillInProgress' is an AttributeValue of an Event that is still underway and has not yet reached its expected end point, as with a game, meeting,or party, or natural event such as a Hurricane. This AttributeValue can only be assigned to an Event before its EndingTime. For objeccts whose creation is not yet complete (as in 'the building is still unfinished'), use 'Incomplete'.

      Includes part of adjective sense 2 of 'unfinished'  in WordNet:
        2. unfinished - (not brought to an end or conclusion;
        'unfinished business'; 'the building is still unfinished')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Stillborn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stillborn`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'stillborn' in Wordnet: 2. stillborn - ((of newborn infant) showing no signs of life at birth; not liveborn; 'a stillborn baby')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Stilt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stilt`
Description	A Rod that is used to support Person and allow walking higher than on normal shoes - at least 1 foot above the ground. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stilt' in WordNet: 2. stilt - (one of two stout poles with foot rests in the middle; used for walking high above the ground; 'he was so tall I thought he was on stilts')`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Shaft^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Walking^c supports^op value Person^c hasComponentPart^op value FootRest^c

Stimulant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stimulant`
Description	Cyc: Consumable substances that stimulate the fight-or-flight syndrome and speed the metabolism. `NOTE: Cyc has this as a subtype of 'drug', but in COSMO it will be broader, to include things like coffee that are not intuitively classified as 'drugs' SUMO: Any BiologicallyActiveSubstance which has the effect of stimulating the central nervous system, i.e. increasing function or activity in the Brain or SpinalCord. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stimulant' in Wordnet: 2. (1) stimulant, stimulant drug, excitant - (a drug that temporarily quickens some vital process)`
Super-classes	BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Morphine^c Amphetamine^c Heroin^c Nicotine^c Caffeine^c Cocaine^c

Stimulating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stimulating`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stimulating' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stimulating - (rousing or quickening activity or the senses; 'a stimulating discussion')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Exciting^c

StimulatingSexualArousal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StimulatingSexualArousal`
Description	''StimulatingSexualArousal''is a ''StimulatingaFeeling'' Event that causes some degree of ''SexualArousal''. `Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'arouse' in WordNet: 7. arouse, sex, excite, turn on, wind up - (stimulate sexually; 'This movie usually arouses the male audience')`
Super-classes	StimulatingaFeeling^c
Restrictions	causes^op value SexualArousal^c
Sub-classes	Masturbation^c Foreplay^c Necking^c

StimulatingaFeeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StimulatingaFeeling`
Description	''StimulatingaFeeling'' is an ''ArousingAnEmotion'' Event that causes a deeper Feeling than does the parent ''ArousingAnEmotion''. `NOTE: this follows the Wordnet hierarchy of arousing and stimulating Feelings - not clear where the dividing line is. Corresponds to verb senses 3 and 6 of 'stimulate' (hard to tell the difference) in WordNet: 3. (3) stimulate, shake, shake up, excite, stir - (stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of; 'These stories shook the community'; 'the civil war shook the country') 6. (1) stimulate, excite, stir - (stir feelings in; 'stimulate my appetite'; 'excite the audience'; 'stir emotions')`
Super-classes	ArousingAnEmotion^c
Sub-classes	ThrillingaPerson^c TemptingEvent^c StimulatingSexualArousal^c ElatingaPerson^c

StimulatingaPersonToAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StimulatingaPersonToAction`
Description	Each ''StimulatingaPersonToAction'' is an Event that causes some urge in a Person to perform some Action (which includes ''Feeling''s), though the person stimulated may not actually perform that action. `NOTE: it is unclear whether the terms used for this actually require that the Action stimulated be carried out. Perhaps this type should be closer to a 'tempting'??? in WordNet: 1. (14) arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, evoke, fire, raise, provoke - (call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); 'arouse pity'; 'raise a smile'; 'evoke sympathy')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some FeelingType^c
Sub-classes	ProvokingAnAction^c ArousingAnEmotion^c

Stimulus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stimulus`
Description	A ''Stimulus'' is an Event that evokes a response (''Responding'') in some Agent. This is a Role that is played by an Event in a stimulus-response situation, a causally related pair of Events that are mediated by the 'Reaction' an Agent to some ''Stimulus'' (a ''BecomingEvent' that changes something perceivable to the agent). NOTE that in WN 'stimulus' is a subtype of 'information' which in COSMOS is an abstract ubstance (probably should be 'gaining information' or 'learning')- in this type we consider that ''LearningAboutaTopic'' (which is a subtype of ''Event'') will capture the WN notion that a ''stimulus' is some kind of 'information'. This note is added to make the relation to the WN parent type clearer for the human users. NOTE that the 'input' synonym in the WN synset is broken out as a subtype that is an Action by an ''IntentionalAgent''. See 'Inputting'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stimulus' in WordNet: 1. (10) stimulation, stimulus, stimulant, input - (any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action)
Super-classes	Role^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op some (Responding^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	CausingAnObjectToMove^c Offering^c GalvanizingSomeone^c Inputting^c AttackOnObject^c

Sting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sting

Description

A 'Sting' is a short-duration pain of varying intensity localized in one point on the surface of the body, usually the skin, caused by contact with some sharp external object,such as a hypodermic needle or an insect's stinger.

      Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'sting' in WordNet, excluding the metaphorical
         senses:
     in WordNet:
        1. (2) sting, stinging - (a kind of pain; something as sudden and painful
            as being stung; 'the sting of death'; 'he felt the stinging of nettles')

Super-classes PainOrAche^c

StingRay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StingRay`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stingray' in WordNet: 1. stingray - (large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds)`
Super-classes	Ray^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value StingRaySting^c

StingRaySting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StingRaySting`
Description	A ''StingRaySting'' is an ''AnimalSting'' that is at the tail ed of a ''StingRay''.
Super-classes	AnimalSting^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value StingRay^c

Stinger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stinger`
Description	CYC: A sharp organ, as of a bee, scorpion or stingray, of offense and defense usually connected with a poisonous gland or otherwise adapted to wound by piercing and innoculating a poisonous secretion `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stinger' in WordNet: 4. stinger - (a sharp organ of offense or defense (as of a wasp or stingray or scorpion) often connected with a poison gland)`
Super-classes	Organ^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PointyEnded^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sharp^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value StingingAction^c

Stinging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stinging

Description

''Stinging'' includes the feeling of a ''Sting'' as well as the repeated 'prickling' or 'tingling'. This can characterize the 'stinging' sensation and also the body part that is stinging, and something that causes a ''sting'' (e.g. the 'sleet' in the WN gloss).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stinging' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) prickling, stinging, tingling - (causing or experiencing 
            a painful shivering feeling as from many tiny pricks;
            'a prickling blush of embarrassment'; 'the tingling feeling in a foot
            that has gone to sleep'; 'the stinging windblown sleet')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

StingingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StingingAction`
Description	An action in which some object or quantity of substance causes a stinging sensation to some animal as a result of contact with that animal. 'That iodine stings!'. When performed by an Object, that object is typically pointed. A ''StingingAction''by an Insect or Arachnid is represented by the subtype ''StingingByAnimal''. @ToDo stinging by an object and a substance can be discriminated. COSMO note: in CYC this is a subtype of BodilyFunctionEvent,but in COSMO the action of the object that stings is divorced from the physiological response to that action: the Senatation of stining is represented by 'Sting'. Includes senses 2 and 4, and part of sense 1 of 'sting' in WordNet, excluding the metaphorical senses: in WordNet: 1. (1) bite, sting, burn - (cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort; 'The sun burned his face') 4. prick, sting, twinge - (cause a stinging pain; 'The needle pricked his skin')
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Sting^c
Sub-classes	StingingByAnimal^c

StingingByAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StingingByAnimal`
Description	CYC: The action in which an animal with a stinger pokes it into another animal, in order to injure or kill it. `NOTE: this includes 'biting' by a mosquito, which is done to feed the mosqito, not to injure the bitten animal. This is commonly done by an ''Arthropod'' (especially an ''Insect'' or ''Arachnid''.). Corresponds to sense 2 of 'sting' in WordNet: 2. (1) sting, bite, prick - (deliver a sting to; 'A bee stung my arm yesterday')`
Super-classes	StingingAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ArthropodBite^c
Sub-classes	JellyfishSting^c

Stingy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stingy

Description

''Stingy'' is a subattribute of ''PennyPinching'' that includes some element of lack of genorosity..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stingy' in Wordnet:
         1. stingy, ungenerous - (unwilling to spend; 'she practices economy without being stingy';
            'an ungenerous response to the appeal for funds')

Super-classes PennyPinching^c

Stinky^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stinky`
Description	''Stinky'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of a ''Odor'' that is ''Unpleasant''. @ToDo: Distinctions between generically 'stinky' and 'fould smelling' might be made if rotting organic matter is taken as having some ditinct bad odor. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stinky' and sense 1 of 'foul smelling' in WordNet: 1. malodorous, malodourous, unpleasant-smelling, ill-smelling, stinky - (having an unpleasant smell) WN adj 'foul smelling': 1. (2) fetid, foetid, foul, foul-smelling, funky, noisome, smelly, stinking, ill-scented - (offensively malodorous; 'a foul odor'; 'the kitchen smelled really funky') WN adj 'reeking': 2. reeking - (giving off a strong unpleasant smell)
Super-classes	OdorAttribute^c Unpleasant^c
Sub-classes	Acrid^c

Stint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stint`
Description	A ''Stint'' is a ''TimeOfOccurrance'' (a ''TimeInterval' during which some ''HumanActivity'' (often a working Action) occurs. The type of Action that happens is typically some kind of job or Service Event; that sense is represented by the subtype ''WorkShift'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stint' in WordNet: 1. stretch, stint - (an unbroken period of time during which you do something; 'there were stretches of boredom'; 'he did a stretch in the federal penitentiary')`
Super-classes	TimeOfAnOccurrance^c
Restrictions	hasEvent^op some (HumanActivity^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	WorkShift^c

StipulatingaCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StipulatingaCondition`
Description	'StipulatingaCondition' is a subtype of 'MakingAnAgreement' in which the agreement requires that some promised action will be performed only if some 'condition' (a specified situation) occurs. This can be used to make an act contingent on the action of the agreeing party, or on any other situation that the promiser specifies. This itself does not necessarily create a contract, but all contracts have mutually conditional promises.
Super-classes	TwoAgentAction^c MakingaDeal^c
Restrictions	produced^op value ConditionalPromise^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value ContractingAgents^c

Stipulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stipulation`
Description	A Stipulation is a Requesting (an Action) that a certain action be performed or state be in effect, as a condition for some other action. The topic of this Requesting is a 'Proviso', which refers to a StipulationCondition, (a desired FutureSituation). NOTE that a Stipulation is a Communication (an Event), and the content of the Stipulation, which may show up as part of a proposed Agreement is represented by 'Proviso' in COSMO. The more common meaning of 'stipulation' would be represented by 'Proviso' in COSMO, but where the communication of the proviso is at issue, this type can be used. It is likely to be needed only to represent a Communication of the requested 'Proviso' during a negotiation. This is expressed by a phrase such as 'we can agree on condition that . . .' The content of a Stipulation that is part of a proposed Agreement is represented by a 'Proviso' which is an Assertion (a logical Proposition) of the form 'you do this and I'll do that'. See 'Proviso' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stipulate' in WordNet: 1. (4) stipulate, qualify, condition, specify - (specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement; 'The will stipulates that she can live in the house for the rest of her life'; 'The contract stipulates the dates of the payments')
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op some StipulationCondition^c hadInformationTransferred^op some Proviso^c

StipulationCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StipulationCondition`
Description	A StipulationCondition is DesiredFutureSituation that is the topic and referent of a Stipulation (a Request). `NOTE: this is the actual Situation (or Action) envisioned in a Proviso, which is expected to be executed by the party on whom it is an Obligation if the proposed Agreement is agreed to. This is the '. . . ' in the phrase 'on condition that . . .' This situation will often have multiple parts, each of which would be a 'Subevent' of the overall situation. condition, term`
Super-classes	DesiredFutureSituation^c
Restrictions	isDesiredIn^op some (Stipulation^c or Proviso^c) isDesiredIn^op some Proviso^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NoOneMayTalk

Stirring^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stirring

Description

CYC: A collection of actions in which a liquid or other substance is agitated with a continuous or repetitive motion. Stirring is usually performed with an implement such as a spoon.

        NOTE: the Cyc specification of 'Stirring' as an action
        causing liquid to agitate is adopted for COSMO.
        Mixing is not required.

        SUMO: Any instance of LiquidMotion which is also an 
          instance of Combining two or more Liquids.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stir' in Wordnet:
             1. (11) stir - (move an implement through with a circular motion; 
                'stir the soup'; 'stir my drink')

Super-classes LiquidMotion^c
MaterialHandling^c

Stirrup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stirrup`
Description	CYC: The collection of all stirrups - rings or loops for the feet while riding, usually connected to (part of) a saddle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stirrup' in WordNet: 1. (3) stirrup, stirrup iron - (support consisting of metal loops into which rider's feet go)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c SupportingObject^c ClosedLoopObject^c HandSizedObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAttachTo^op value Saddle^c isDesignedToSupport^op value HumanFoot^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value RidingaHorse^c

Stitch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stitch`
Description	Each Stitch is one loop of a StringOrLine that has been drawn by a Sewing action through two objects, to hold them together. The number of stitches in a Swing will refer to the nimber of these Objects (which each can be only a part of StringOrline). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stitch' in WordNet: 1. (1) stitch - (sewing consisting of a link or loop or knot made by drawing a threaded needle through a fabric)`
Super-classes	Loop^c Configuration^c Fastener^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some StringOrLine^c

StitchingAWound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StitchingAWound`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. In each #$StitchingAWound, a wound is sewed up, typically with a suture. Notice that each taking of one single stitch is not a #$StitchingAWound, though it is one of the #$subEvents of the entire #$StitchingAWound event.
Super-classes	SewingByHand^c TherapeuticProcess^c

Stock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stock`
Description	'''Stock'' is the Group of 'Merchandise'' on hand and available for sale by some Merchant (of any size). NOTe that this is the stock controlled by (not necesarily owned by) a single ''Merchant''. An instance of this type must specify the Merchant whose ''Stock'' it is. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stock' in WordNet: 3. (42) stock, inventory - (the merchandise that a shop has on hand; 'they carried a vast inventory of hardware'; 'they stopped selling in exact sizes in order to reduce inventory')`
Super-classes	Merchandise^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op some Merchant^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ForSale^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Available^c hasComponentElement^op only ProductObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stored^c

Stock-Financial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stock-Financial

Description

CYC: A specialization of #$AuthorizedAgreement and #$TradeableSecurity. Each instance of this collection is a share of ownership in some instance of #$LegalCorporation; its owner is an agent who is recorded as a shareholder in the official records of that corporation. A company may have several classes of #$Stock, such as Common, Preferred, Class A, Class B, etc.

        NOTE: the WN 'stock' is represented as 'capital' but the 'stock' that is
          traded is an asset that is no longer owned by the company that issued it,
          and is here just represented by an asset. The 'working capital' of a
          public company is generated by sales of ''Stock-Financial'', which become
          assets of the owners.

        Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 1 of 'stock' in WordNet:
            1. (1865) stock - (the capital raised by a corporation through 
                the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest (equity);
                'he owns a controlling share of the company's stock')

Super-classes TradeableSecurity^c

StockBroker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StockBroker`
Description	A ''StockBroker'' is a subtype of ''ProfessionalBroker'' who who buys and sells securities (stock and bonds) for another for a ''Commission-Fee''. `CYC: A specialization of both #$PersonWithOccupation and #$Broker. Each instance of #$StockBroker is a professional broker whose job consists in trading corporate stock on behalf of one or more clients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stockbroker' in WordNet: 1. (1) stockbroker - (an agent in the buying and selling of stocks and bonds)`
Super-classes	ProfessionalBroker^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Brokerage^c

StockCertificate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StockCertificate`
Description	CYC A specialization of #$OfficialDocument and #$CertificateDocument. Each instance of #$StockCertificate is a document issued by a corporation (see #$Business) to one of its shareholders, certifying the shareholder's ownership of some number of shares of #$Stock (q.v.) in that corporation. See also #$shareholders. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stock certificate' in WordNet: 1. stock certificate, stock - (a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation; 'the value of his stocks doubled during the past year')`
Super-classes	TradeableSecurityCertificate^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only Stock-Financial^c

StockDividend^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StockDividend

Description

''StockDividend'' is that portion of the ''Profit'' ('Income' of a jointly owned business) that is paid to each of the holders of some ''ShareOfStock'' of the company. In any give year or quarter when a ''StockDividend'' is paid out, the total ''Profit'' may be less than the total of the ''StockDividend''s, so this does not imply that the total divdends are a proper part of the earnings, though in the long run the dividends need to be less than the ''Profit'' to avoid bankruptcy.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dividend' in WordNet:
      1. (5) dividend - (that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed 
         to its shareholders; usually paid quarterly)

Super-classes Profit^c

StockExchange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StockExchange`
Description	A ''StockExchange'' is a 'PhysicalExchange'' where stocks and/or bonds traded. This is a physical place, one of the most famous being the New York Stock Exchange on (or just off) Wall Street in New York City.. For the more abstract 'exchange' that is an electronically connected Group of sites for trading, the type ''VirtualExchange'' can be used. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'stock exchange' (for stocks and bonds) in WordNet: 1. stock exchange, stock market, securities market - (an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers)`
Super-classes	SecuritiesExchange^c PhysicalExchange^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value TradingStocks^c

StockOption^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StockOption`
Description	The Right to purchase or sell a specific quantity of a financial security .at a fixed price within some period of time. This Right relates to some specific Agent with whom the transaction will be made. Options almost always have an expiration date, but do not have to expire. This RIght refers to the ability to choose from among courses of Action, specifically whether to buy or sell or do nothing. The specific actions that can be taken (e.g., buy 100 shares of WWW stock by date ?D) would be specified in the instance of 'Options' referenced by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stock option' in WordNet: 1. stock option - (the right to buy or sell a stock at a specified price within a stated period)`
Super-classes	Right^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some Options^c

StockProxy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StockProxy`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'proxy' in WordNet: 2. proxy - (a power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting)`
Super-classes	PowerOfAttorney^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Stocks^c

StockType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StockType`
Description	'StockType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'AssetType'; it can serve as type for financial assets generally or for Specific types of 'ShareOfstock', such as 'GeneralMotorsStock' or some subtype of a corporation's stock.
Super-classes	FinancialAssetType^c
Members	Bond FinancialSecurity ShareOfStock PubliclyTradedSecurity

Stocking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stocking`
Description	A ''HosieryItem'' that is longer than a ''Sock'', often covering the upper leg in womens' hose. `SUMO: A piece of Clothing that is made of a soft Fabric like Cotton and that is intended to be worn on the Foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stocking' in WordNet: 1. (4) stocking - (close-fitting hosiery to cover the foot and leg; come in matched pairs (usually used in the plural))`
Super-classes	HosieryItem^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value HumanLeg^c
Sub-classes	NylonStocking^c

Stocks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stocks`
Description	A 'FinancialAsset' that is a 'Group' of one or more 'ShareOfStock's by one LegalAgent. This Group may be all of the same type of stocks, or heterogeneous, as an individual's 'portfolio'. This could be the set of stocks in some stock fund. `The closest Wordnet sense seems to be sense 11 of 'stock', but this 'Stocks' is broader including any collection of 'ShareOfStock's, and narrower, not including the actual physical certificate: in WordNet: 11. (5) stock certificate, stock - (a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation; 'the value of his stocks doubled during the past year')`
Super-classes	MoneyObject^c FinancialAsset^c AbstractObject^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ShareOfStock^c isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c hasMonetaryValue^op only MoneyMeasure^c

StokingaFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StokingaFire`
Description	''StokingaFire'' is an Action in which a ''Person'' tends a ''ControlledFire'' (such as in a ''Fireplace'' or a ''Firebox''), e.g. by adding fuel or stirring to remove ashes from the unburnt fuel. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stoke' in WordNet: 1. (1) stoke - (stir up or tend; of a fire)`
Super-classes	TakingCareOfSomething^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op value ControlledFire^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Stolen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stolen

Description

''Stolen'' is the AttributeValue of some ''ValuableThing'' (abstract or physical) that was taken from someone by a ''Stealing'' Action (by theft).

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stolen' in Wordnet:
        1. purloined, stolen - (taken dishonestly; 'the purloined letter')

Super-classes Lost^c

StolenProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StolenProperty`
Description	''StolenProperty'' is a ''TransferredProperty'' that was 'transferred' by some form of theft. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stolen property' in WordNet: 1. stolen property - (property that has been stolen)`
Super-classes	TransferredProperty^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stolen^c
Sub-classes	Booty^c

Stomach^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stomach`
Description	A specialization of #$InternalOrgan. Each instance of #$Stomach is an organ which is part of the digestive system (see the collection #$DigestiveSystem) of some animal. SUMO: A muscular sac that is the principal organ of digestion. `For the general region of the stomach (not just the organ) see 'Belly'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stomach' in WordNet: 1. (23) stomach, tummy, tum, breadbasket - (an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c Sac-Organic^c InternalOrgan^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Distensible^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value AlimentaryCanal^c

StomachGas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StomachGas`
Description	''StomachGas'' is a mixture of gases of varied composition present in the ''Stomach'' of some animal. It is usually produced by reactions in the materials swallowed, but some air may be swallowed, and some carbon dioxide may be generated by swallowed carbonated beverages.
Super-classes	GasMixture^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value Stomach^c

Stomachache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stomachache`
Description	The condition of having a stomach ache, the internal pain in the lower half of the torso which may be generalized or somewhat localized, but does not include, for example, the pain associated with a cut on your hip. `" Abdominal pain, often known as stomach, belly or tummy ache, usually refers to cramps or a dull ache in the belly (abdomen). It's usually short-lived and caused by a minor upset or stomach bug. " Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stomachache' in WordNet: 1. stomachache, stomach ache, bellyache, gastralgia - (an ache localized in the stomach or abdominal region)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c Ache^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value Stomach^c

Stone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stone`
Description	Called 'StoneStuff' in Cyc (an Object in Cyc, a Substance in COSMO). A solid PhysicalSubstance that is in a crystalline form, and inorganic (possibly except for some small amount of included organic material), In COSMO this is a Substance, not an Object, whereas the Cyc term is an Object. COSMO does not make a distinction between 'rock' and 'stone', for the substance or for the object. Cyc: A specialization of (#$SolidFn #$RockyPlanetaryStuff). Each instance of #$StoneStuff is a piece or portion of rock or stone. Stone is widely used as a material for the construction of buildings, walls, monuments, and sculptures. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stone' and sense 1 of 'rock' in WordNet: 2. (148) rock, stone - (material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust; 'that mountain is solid rock'; 'stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries')
Super-classes	Mineral^c StructuralSupportStuff^c LandStuff^c ConstructionMaterialType^c
Sub-classes	StoneOrCoral^c Magma^c IgneousRock^c SedimentaryStone^c GemStuff^c Gravel^c Opal^c Flint^c Slate^c

Stone-Mass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stone-Mass

Description

''Stone-Mass'' ('stone') is a mass unit used mostly in Great Britain, equal to 14 pounds.

     Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'stone' in WordNet:
       6. (4) stone - (an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body; 
           equal to 14 pounds; 'a heavy chap who must have weighed more than twenty stone')

Super-classes MassMeasure^c

StoneAge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoneAge`
Description	''StoneAge'' is the ''HistoricalPeriod'' during which ''Stone'' was the primary material on which tools and weapons were based. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Stone Age' in WordNet: 1. Stone Age - ((archeology) the earliest known period of human culture, characterized by the use of stone implements)`
Super-classes	HistoricalPeriod^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf value Antiquity^c precedes^op value BronzeAge^c

StoneArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoneArtifact`
Description	A ''StoneArtifact'' is any ArtifactObject made of ''Stone'.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Stone^c
Sub-classes	CurlingStone^c

StoneObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoneObject`
Description	`NOTE: WN does not make a distinction between 'rock' and 'stone', for the substance or for the object. This type, is for an Object, whether natural or mofified or manufactured by people. The label for this is 'stone'. A natural stone would be a ''StoneObject-Natural''; the label 'rock' is for natural ojects only. Corresponds to part (for the object) of noun sense 1 of 'stone' in WordNet: 1. (330) rock, stone - (a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter; 'he threw a rock at me')`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Stone^c
Sub-classes	Whetstone^c Monolith^c

StoneObject-Natural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoneObject-Natural`
Description	Instances are individual rocks, pebbles, boulders etc. NOTE: COSMO does not make a distinction between 'rock' and 'stone', for the substance or for the object, though 'rocks' as objects tend to be smaller than stones; no clear distinction could be determined. A 'rock' can be too big to lift,so it is not necessarily a SmallObject. NOTE that this type, as in WordNet, is the parent for a ''SingleCrystal'' that is one crystal with a regularly repeating pattern of atoms. The subtypes can be ''ArtifactObject''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stone' and sense 1 of 'rock' in WordNet: 1. (330) rock, stone - (a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter; 'he threw a rock at me')`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c InanimateObject-Natural^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Igneous^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Stone^c
Sub-classes	Rock^c Boulder^c Pebble^c SingleCrystal^c GroupOfPebbles^c Meteorite^c

StoneOrCoral^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoneOrCoral`
Description	'StoneOrCoral' is the union of classes 'Stone' and 'CoralStuff', created to provide a substance that is the constitutent substance of 'Sand' regardless of where the sand may be found. For use of this class, see 'GrainOfSand'
Super-classes	Stone^c CoralStuff^c

StoneSculpture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoneSculpture`
Description	Stone sculptures as art forms.
Super-classes	Sculpture^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Stone^c
Sub-classes	Frieze^c

StoneStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoneStructure`
Description	A ''FixedStructure'' made of stone or brick, the construction of such that a ''Mason'' would be likely to have expertise in.
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Mason^c typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some StoneType^c

StoneType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoneType`
Description	''StoneType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Stone'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Stone''.
Super-classes	SolidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	MineralType^c
Members	PhilosophersStone Gravel FiredClay SedimentaryStone Flint Slate Basalt AranaceousStone IgneousRock CommercialGravel BrokenStone Marble-Stone Limestone VolcanicRock Stone Chalk Sandstone

Stoned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stoned`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stoned' in Wordnet: 1. hopped-up, stoned - (under the influence of narcotics)`
Super-classes	Intoxicated^c

Stool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stool`
Description	A ''SeatingDevice'' for one person with no arms or ''BackRest''. NOTE: as a 'PortableObject' a 'Stool' must not be fastened down nor be so large that it cannot be moved by an average person. This excludes seats in auditoriums, massive thrones, and some other things that serve in a similar function as a one-person seating object. In COSMO usage, a ''Stool'' cannot have a ''BackRest''. Otherwise it is a ''Chair''. Cyc: ('Stool-PieceOfFurniture') A seating device with no arms or back. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stool' in WordNet: 1. (3) stool - (a simple seat without a back or arms)
Super-classes	SeatingDevice^c PortableObject^c Person-SupportingFurniture^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	doesNotHavePart^op value ArmRest^c doesNotHavePart^op value BackRest^c
Sub-classes	FootStool^c

Stoop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stoop`
Description	A ''Stoop'' is a small ''Porch'' it has steps leading to the front exterior door of the building, and may not have any covering over it. `RHW: a small raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes having a roof and seats, at the entrance of a house; a small porch. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stoop' in WordNet: 3. stoop, stoep - (small porch or set of steps at the front entrance of a house)`
Super-classes	Platform^c Porch^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value FlightOfStairs^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c isAdjacentTo^op value FrontDoor^c

StopTalking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StopTalking`
Description	A ''StopTalking'' is the Action of a Person who wasperforming ''Speaking'' and then stops, typically temporarily, but this is for assertions where in context the duration of the stopping is understood approximately.
Super-classes	StoppingEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some Speaking^c causes^op value Silence^c

Stopover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stopover`
Description	A ''Stopover'' is a ''StayingInaPlace'' that is part of a ''Travel-TripEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stopover' in WordNet: 2. stop, stopover, layover - (a brief stay in the course of a journey; 'they made a stopover to visit their friends')`
Super-classes	StayingInaPlace^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Travel-TripEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Brief^c

Stoppage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stoppage`
Description	`NOTE the 'pipe or tube' in the gloss for this WN synset is interpreted broadly to include ''BodyPassageway''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stoppage' in WordNet: 2. blockage, block, closure, occlusion, stop, stoppage - (an obstruction in a pipe or tube; "we had to call a plumber to clear out the blockage in the drainpipe")`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BarrierObject^c occursAt^op value Path-Physical^c hinders^op value PassingThroughSomething^c
Sub-classes	Blockage^c

StoppingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoppingEvent`
Description	An Event (which may be part of a larger Event) that results in the the stopping of some ongoing Event. This is the general sense, which can be an action causing a halt to some ongoing process, or a halting of the process that is not caused by some other Event. The restriction requires that the Event that is comes to a stop (or is caused to stop) must be specified. In the phrase 'He stopped X-ing' the X is the Event that came to a halt. This is the most general sense of 'stopping' including natural or agentive, intentional or unintentional; - when one stops intentionally because of some specific motivation (anticipation of negative effects of continuation) use ''Desisting''. More subtypes are required to disambiguate the WordNet senses. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 (intransitive) and sense 5 (transitive) and part of sense 9 (not including the 'end' of an Object, only of Events) of 'stop', and senses 1 and 2 of 'end' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'terminate' in WordNet: 1. (58) stop, halt - (come to a halt, stop moving; 'the car stopped'; 'She stopped in front of a store window') 2. (56) discontinue, stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off - (put an end to a state or an activity; 'Quit teasing your little brother') 5. (7) stop - (cause to stop; 'stop a car'; 'stop the thief') 9. (1) end, stop, finish, terminate, cease - - (have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical; 'the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed'; 'Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other'; 'My property ends by the bushes'; 'The symphony ends in a pianissimo') WN 'end' WN NOTE that 'stop a car' means stop the motion of the car. 2. (29) end, terminate - - (bring to an end or halt; 'She ended their friendship when she found out that he had once been convicted of a crime'; 'The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period after WW I')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	finishes^op some Event^c
Sub-classes	StauchingaLiquidFlow^c Cessation^c PausingAction^c Breakdown^c DiscontinuingaSocialRelation^c ExtinguishingaFire^c Expiring^c BreakingaHabit^c HaltingEvent^c Lapsing^c QuittingAction^c PrematureTermination^c GoingOnStrike^c StopTalking^c EndingOfAnEvent^c Finalizing^c

StoppingPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoppingPlace`
Description	A ''StoppingPlace'' is any Place on a ''Path-Physical'' where a traveller can or must stop and stay still for any of various purposes, for various intervals of time. The Event that happens during the stop varies considerably. Subtypes are more specific. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'stop' in WordNet: 5. (1) stop - (a spot where something halts or pauses; 'his next stop is Atlanta')`
Super-classes	TransportFacility^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op some (Roadway^c or Path-Physical^c)
Sub-classes	Checkpoint^c BusStop^c RestStop^c

StoppingaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoppingaVehicle`
Description	A ''StoppingaVehicle'' is a ''HaltingEvent'' in which the driver of a vehicle (which could be an automaton) adjusts the controls of the vehicle so that it stops and rests (at least temporarily) in some location. This is a 'purposeful' (intentional) gradual Halting motion, and crashing into a barrier is not an instance.. NOTE There are multiple subtypes - parking a car, stopping at at red light, landing an airplane, bringing a ship to a dock, bringing a blimpto a pylon, and any other way a controlled vehicle can have its motion halted by the 'driver' (or pilot). Concepts that need differentiation: 'parked' versus temporarily stopped (parking is temporary - in the sense of not permamnent) i.e. halting for good versus pausing Doing this voluntarily or being forced to - ordered by police versus blocked by traffic or roadblock. Braking - causes deceleration may cause stopping.
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c HaltingGradually^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stationary^c isPerformedBy^op value Driver^c hasSubEvent^op value DecelerationOfaVehicle^c finishes^op value Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Parking^c

Stopwatch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stopwatch`
Description	A ''Stopwatch'' is a ''Timepiece'' that measures the passage of Time, starting at some specific time that is set when some Event starts (e.g. a running of a certain distance) in order to determine the amount of time that the Event takes to complete. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stopwatch' in WordNet: 1. stopwatch, stopo watch - (a timepiece that can be started or stopped for exact timing (as of a race))`
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c Timepiece^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value TimeDuration^c

StorageConstruct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StorageConstruct`
Description	COSMO note: this type includes not only reusable storage contructs like closets, deigned to put thing in and take them out many times, but single-use containers like metal cans which, once opened, cannot be reused. `Cyc: #$StorageConstruct is a specialization of #$ContainerArtifact. Each instance of #$StorageConstruct is a container used primarily for storing something and includes such things as closets, trunks of cars, and attics. Negative examples would be #$Sink, #$Sandbox, and #$SewerLine, since their primary purpose is something other than storing something.`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c StorageEntity^c
Sub-classes	Tomb^c TrunkOfCar^c PackagingContainerProduct^c FileCabinet^c Bookcase^c Desk^c ChestOfDrawers^c BarrelContainer^c BookRack^c Arsenal^c StorageConstructInABuilding^c VehicleStorageConstruct^c Bin^c Basket^c Holster^c CapsuleContainer^c ErlenmeyerFlask^c StorageTank^c Crate^c Envelope^c PackagingBag^c Coffin^c Thermos^c Drawer^c Enclosure^c Vial^c Wardrobe-Furniture^c DisplayCase^c Chest-Box^c Locker^c GraveSite^c AnimalContainer^c Binder^c

StorageConstructInABuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StorageConstructInABuilding`
Description	CYC: The collection of built-in storage areas in a structure `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storage space' in WordNet: 1. storage space - (the area in any structure that provides space for storage)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c StorageConstruct^c PartOfBuilding^c
Sub-classes	ShipCabin^c Cache^c Shelf^c Cabinet-StorageConstruction^c PrisonCell^c StorageRoom^c

StorageEntity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StorageEntity`
Description	A StorageEntity is any of a wide variety of Sources that are PhysicalObjects and serve as containers from which something (substances, objects, energy, assets. information) can be 'withdrawn' and into which the same things can be or have been put, by agents or by natural (e.g. geological) processes. This includes artifacts such as warehouses or closets, and also natural geological formations from which oil, gas, or water can be withdrawn. Though narrower than 'Source' this type is still interpreted very broadly. `Artifactual StorageEntity's that can be used by Agents to keep things temporarily will be subtypes or instances of ContainerArtifact. There is no exact WordNet equivalent to this concept; the WordNet 'store, storehouse' captures only a small part of all the possible subtypes.`
Super-classes	Container^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value StorageOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	InformationStorageMediumObject^c iPod^c ATMMachine^c VendingMachine^c StorageFacility^c GeologicalReservoir^c StorageConstruct^c Repository^c Jukebox^c ContainerArtifact^c

StorageFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StorageFacility`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$ConstructionArtifacts, one major function of which is to hold large amounts of products. A #$Warehouse is a good example, though StorageFacilities need not be restricted to buildings; parts of a #$StorageFacility can include the grounds surrounding a #$Warehouse. In the case of military StorageFacilities, there will often be several #$Warehouses or similar structures located at one facility.
Super-classes	Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c StorageEntity^c
Sub-classes	WaterStorageObject^c Warehouse^c Arsenal^c

StorageOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StorageOfSomething`
Description	A 'StorageOfSomething' may be merely to be avoid losing something, or to be sure one knows where to find it ('keep it on a hook') or be specifically to avoid something being stolen. Keeping a pet animal would be an action to avoid loss or harm to the animal. The thing 'kept' can be abstract, such as a secret in 'keeping a secret'. NOTE that abstract things such as Information can also be 'stored', as in devices that can represent information. See the subtype 'KeepingInformation'. Each 'StorageOfSomething' should be an action (a stative action) that is subsequent to a 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere'. Includes senses 18, 19, and 20 of 'keep' (but 'keeping an apartment' is a borderline case) in WordNet: 18. keep - (store or keep customarily; 'Where do you keep your gardening tools?') 19. keep - (have as a supply; 'I always keep batteries in the freezer'; 'keep food for a week in the pantry'; 'She keeps a sixpack and a week's worth of supplies in the refrigerator') 20. keep, maintain - (maintain for use and service; 'I keep a car in the countryside'; 'She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips')
Super-classes	Possession^c ControllingSomething^c Keeping^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	isInitiatedBy^op some PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c isTheResultOf^op some PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c hasPurpose^op value Preserving^c
Sub-classes	StoringElectricalCharge^c StoringAirplanes^c StoringEnergy^c StoringBooks^c

StorageRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StorageRoom`
Description	A roomlike structure within a HOC, used for storage, and having a portal to another room or a passageway of the HOC. `@ToDo: The size is not well-defined, bt is usually smaller than the average room in a house. Is a basement garage in an office building a ''StorageRoom''?`
Super-classes	Room^c StorageConstructInABuilding^c
Sub-classes	Pantry^c BankVault^c Closet^c

StorageTank^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StorageTank`
Description	A ''StorageTank'' is a usually metallic, usually (but not alway - see ''Aquarium'') cylindrical''Container'' for holding fluids. It is nonportable. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tank' in WordNet: 2. (3) tank, storage tank - (a large (usually metallic) vessel for holding gases or liquids)`
Super-classes	FluidContainer^c StorageConstruct^c HumanSizedObject^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasAttribute^op value Cylindrical^c
Sub-classes	FuelTank^c LiquidStorageTank^c

Stored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stored

Description

''Stored'' is the attribute of Objects or substances (including Energy) that have intentionally been left in some location to be kept for future use.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stored' in Wordnet:
        1. (5) stored - (accumulated until needed; 'stored energy in the condenser';
           'the computer can use stored information')

Super-classes Closed^c

StoredInformationArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoredInformationArtifact`
Description	An ''StoredInformationArtifact'' is a ''InformationStorageMediumObject'' on which some Information has been recorded. This includes, e.g. tapes, phonograph records, CD's and DVDs and thumb drives and magnetic disk drives if they have any information stored on them.
Super-classes	InformationStorageMediumObject^c
Restrictions	contains^op value Information^c isaSourceOf^op value Information^c

Storefront^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Storefront`
Description	A ''Storefront'' is the ''FrontSide'' of a ''RetailStore'', Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storefront' in WordNet: 1. (2) shopfront, storefront - (the front side of a store facing the street; usually contains display windows)
Super-classes	FrontSide^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value RetailStore^c

Storehouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Storehouse`
Description	A ''Storehouse'' is a ''Repository'' for storing PhysicalObjects (including liquid objects) for future use. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storehouse' in WordNet: 1. (3) storehouse, depot, entrepot, storage, store - (a depository for goods; 'storehouses were built close to the docks')`
Super-classes	Container^c Holder^c Repository^c Supply^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value StorageOfSomething^c isDesignedToContain^op only (PhysicalSubstance^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c)

Storey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Storey`
Description	One floor ('level') of a Building, which may be only a one-storey building. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storey, sense 3 of 'story' and sense 2 of 'floor' and sense 7 of 'level' in WordNet: 1. floor, level, storey, story - (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; 'what level is the office on?')`
Super-classes	SpaceInAFixedHOC^c PartOfBuilding^c
Sub-classes	Loft^c TopFloor^c Basement^c GroundFloor^c Attic^c

StoringAirplanes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoringAirplanes`
Description	''Airplanes'' is a subtype of 'StorageOfSomething' in which the 'something' stored is an ''Airplane''. This can be done on the field of an Airport, or for storage indoors, at a ''Hangar''.
Super-classes	StorageOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingKept^op value Airplane^c

StoringBooks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoringBooks`
Description	''StoringBooks'' is a subtype of 'StorageOfSomething' in which the 'something' stored is physical ''Book-Physical''s of any size.
Super-classes	StorageOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingKept^op value Book-Physical^c

StoringElectricalCharge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoringElectricalCharge`
Description	''StoringElectricalCharge is a specialized subtype of 'StorageOfSomething' in which the 'something' stored is electrical charge - positive or negative or usually both, in the form of ''ChargedParticle''s such as electrons and corresponding positively charged regions balancing the electrons in devices like a ''Capacitor''. This is the specific function of a ''Capacitor''.
Super-classes	ControllingSomething^c StorageOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingKept^op value ChargedParticle^c

StoringEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoringEnergy`
Description	''StoringEnergy'' is a specialized subtype of 'StorageOfSomething' in which the 'something' stored is ''Energy'' in any form.
Super-classes	StorageOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasThingKept^op value Energy^c

StoringInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoringInformation`
Description	''StoringInformation'' is a ''PuttingSomethingIntoStorage'' where the 'something' is ''Information'' in some form, digital or analog, onto some ''InformationStorageMediumObject''. `This is not necessarily a 'recording' or a 'copying' of information, as both would be subtypes. This is an ''Action'' and`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c
Restrictions	causes^op value StorageOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	MakingaRecord^c ComputerizingInformation^c

Stork^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stork

Description

Long-legged large bird. In the mythology told to young children, it delivers newborn babies. Getting 'A visit from the stork' is to have a new baby.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stork' in WordNet:
      1. stork - (large mostly Old World wading birds
        typically having white-and-black plumage)

Super-classes Bird^c

StormAsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StormAsEvent`
Description	COSMO note: not necessarily precipitation. The linguistic 'storm' includes this type and 'StormAsObject' (which see) Cyc: The kind of storms directly perceivable by people on the ground on Earth - Rainstorms, windstorms, sandstorms, but not ionospheric electrical disturbances, underwater phenomena. Storms are short-lived when experienced from the ground (#$AmbientConditionsMt). See also #$StormAsObject. Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'storm' in WordNet; this COSMO type does not require high winds or precipitation (sandstorm, windstorm) at all: in WordNet: 1. (8) storm, violent storm - (a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightening)
Super-classes	ImmediateWeatherProcess^c
Sub-classes	HurricaneAsEvent^c HailEvent^c Snowstorm^c WindStorm^c

StormAsObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StormAsObject`
Description	A large object, mostly gaseous, turbulent region where high winds occurs. Often contains precipitation. See also #$StormAsEvent. `Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'storm' in WordNet; this COSMO type does not require high winds or precipitation (sandstorm, windstorm) at all: in WordNet: 1. (8) storm, violent storm - (a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightening)`
Super-classes	InanimateObject-Natural^c
Sub-classes	HurricaneAsObject^c RainStormAsObject^c

Stormy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stormy

Description

A subtype of ''Rainy'indicating that in addition to ''Rain'' there was significant ''Wind''.

          Should have some way to say 'Rainy and Windy' as an attribute.

         Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'stormy' in WordNet
            (pertaining to weather, not commotion):
       in WordNet:
          1. (2) stormy - ((especially of weather) affected or characterized by 
               storms or commotion; 'a stormy day'; 'wide and stormy seas')

Super-classes Windy^c
Rainy^c

Story^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Story`
Description	CYC: The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story - a #$Narrative describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to true stories, represented in the parent category 'Narrative'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'story' in WordNet: 2. (14) story - (a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events; 'he writes stories for the magazines')`
Super-classes	Narrative^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fictional^c
Sub-classes	AdventureStory^c Myth^c MysteryStory^c FictionalStory^c Fiction-DerivedWorks^c ShortStory^c

StoryFlashback^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoryFlashback`
Description	Each ''StoryFlashback'' is a ''Passage'' in an ''AbstractText'' that interrupts the present-day story to recount Events that have happened in the (fictional) past that connect in some way to the present-day narrative. The past events may include one or more of the main characters of the story,but not necessarily. `This type repreesents the narrative representing the past event, not the 'transition' from the main story to that subsidiary narrative. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'flashback' (for text,not movies) in WordNet: 1. (1) flashback - (a transition (in literary or theatrical works or films) to an earlier event or scene that interrupts the normal chronological development of the story)`
Super-classes	Passage^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op some Narrative^c isaRepresentationOf^op some PastEvent^c

StoryProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoryProgram`
Description	A ''StoryProgram'' is a Specification for the actions that are to be performed as part of a ''DramaticPerformance'', which,together with a ''DramaScript'' or ''Screenplay'' specifies what the performance should look and sound like. `During the execution of the ''DramaticPerformance'' specification the scenes may be deicted by a physical ''Storyboard''.`
Super-classes	ProgramForPerformance^c DevisedStructuredActivity^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op value Storyboard^c

StoryTeller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoryTeller`
Description	A ''StoryTeller'' is a ''Narrator'' who tells stories (fictional ''Narrative''s) not necessarily original and at least partly fictional.. `The stories have to be connected narratives of more than a few sentences in length. 'conveysInformation'?? - Story (fictional) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storyteller' in WordNet: 1. (2) narrator, storyteller, teller - (someone who tells a story)`
Super-classes	Narrator^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value StoryTelling^c

StoryTelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoryTelling`
Description	''StoryTelling'' is ''Narrating'' a ''Story''. In CYC this is for oral narration - this type is not so specific. Perhaps there should be subtypes?? There should be a storytelling for ''FictionalStory''s. `CYC: This is the collection of acts of orally communicating a story, as opposed to writing one down. In RHW: the telling or writing of stories. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'yarn' in WordNet: 1. yarn - (tell or spin a yarn) WN noun 'yarn': 1. narration, recital, yarn - (the act of giving an account describing incidents or a course of events; 'his narration was hesitant')`
Super-classes	Narrating^c
Restrictions	hadInformationTransferred^op value Story^c produced^op value Story^c

Storyboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Storyboard`
Description	A ''Storyboard'' is a sequence of visual sketches that are representations of the scenes specified in a ''StoryProgram'' `No WN sense. RHW 'storyboard': a panel or panels on which a sequence of sketches depict the significant changes of action and scene in a planned film, as for a movie, television show, or advertisement.`
Super-classes	DevisedStructuredActivity^c ProgramForPerformance^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value StoryProgram^c

StoveBurner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StoveBurner`
Description	CYC: 'Burner' A burner on a stove. `This will be the heater on the top of a stove or cooking range, whether it is heated by gas or electricity. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'burner' in WordNet: 2. burner - (the heating elements of a stove or range on which pots and pans are placed for cooking; 'the electric range had one large burner and three smaller ones')`
Super-classes	HeatingElement^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value CookingFood^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Cooktop-Device^c

StowingFully^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StowingFully`
Description	''StowingFully'' represents the sense of verb 'stow' meaning to fill a container fully. This does not necessarily require that the volume of the materials stored be reduced, as does ''StuffingThingsIntoaContainer''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stow' in WordNet: 1. (1) stow - (fill by packing tightly; 'stow the cart')`
Super-classes	FillingEvent^c Packing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Container^c uses^op value Container^c

StraddlingPosture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraddlingPosture`
Description	Each ''StraddlingPosture'' is a ''Posture'' (a ''PersistentState'') in which a ''Person'' has ''BothLegs'' or ''BothFeet'' positioned on opposite sides of something. If standing, the thing (e.g. a ''Stream'') between can be beneath the feet, which are supporting the Person; if sitting (as on a ''Horse'') the thing between will usually be supporting the Person. `NOTE: the thing that is 'straddled' can be represented using the relation 'hasDirectObject'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'straddle' in WordNet: 1. (4) straddle - (sit or stand astride of) WN noun 'straddle': 3. straddle, span - (the act of sitting or standing astride)`
Super-classes	Posture^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value Person^c usedBodyPart^op some TwoLegsOrFeetType^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value SupportingObject^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c agentHasAttribute^op value Astride^c

Straight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Straight

Description

Not curved.

    COSMO note: In cyc this is an Object, in COSMO an
     attribute. For the object, see 'StraightObject'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'straight' in WordNet:
       2. (6) straight - (having no deviations; 'straight lines'; 
       'straight roads across the desert'; 'straight teeth'; 'straight shoulders')

Super-classes LongAndThin^c

StraightHandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraightHandle`
Description	'StraightHandle' is a subtype of 'Handle' that is (relatively) straight, long, and (relatively) thin, in contrast to a 'LoopedHandle' as on a coffee mug. The protypical 'StraightHandle' is the handle of a 'Hammer'. There may be some curvature or protrusions, as on a pump handle or axe handle, but the main distinction is that a 'StraightHandle' is not looped. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handle' in WordNet: 1. (5) handle, grip, handgrip, hold - (the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it; 'he grabbed the hammer by the handle'; 'it was an old briefcase but it still had a good grip')`
Super-classes	Handle^c StraightLongAndThinObject^c
Sub-classes	LongHandle^c

StraightLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraightLine`
Description	A straight line of any length in any geometric or real space. Both a Region and a ShapeType. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'straight line' in WordNet: 1. (8) straight line - (a line traced by a point traveling in a constant direction; a line of zero curvature; "the shortest distance between two points is a straight line")`
Super-classes	Line^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Straight^c
Sub-classes	PerpendicularLine^c Asymptote^c Axis^c

StraightLongAndThinObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraightLongAndThinObject`
Description	A SolidObject physical that is straight, rigid, and LongAndThin. For things like pins, rods, sticks - distinctively shaped. A LongAndThinObject doesn't have to be very long,just >5 times longer than the diameter or width.
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c StraightObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c
Sub-classes	Crutch^c SurfaceSpike^c SpineSpikeOrQuill^c Gripstock^c StraightHandle^c

StraightObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraightObject`
Description	Any RigidObject that is > 2X longer than it is wide, and is relatively straight, with only minor deviations, such as the common warping of a piece of lumber, or the miknor curvatures on the handle of an axe or pump handle. The edge does not have to smooth or cylindrical, it can have bumps and features, but it should be sufficiently long and narrow and without prominent curves that most people would describe it as 'straight'.
Super-classes	RigidObject^c ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Straight^c
Sub-classes	Cylinder^c StraightLongAndThinObject^c CylindricalObject^c Arrow^c Ruler^c

StraightPath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraightPath`
Description	Any Path that is straight in the usual geometric sense. A ''StraightPath'' may serve any number of purposes..
Super-classes	Path-Physical^c Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value StraightLine^c servesAsaPathFor^op value RectilinearShaking^c
Sub-classes	Separation^c

StraightPin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraightPin

Description

A Pin that is straight (in contrast to a safety pin), and is intended to be used as a fastener.

       Corresponds to part of noun sense 9 of 'pin' in WordNet,
          excluding wood 'pins' and 'safety pins':
        9. pin - (a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or 
           metal used to support or fasten or attach things)

Super-classes Pin^c
MetalObject^c
Fastener^c
Shaft^c

Straightening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Straightening`
Description	'Straightening'' is a Action in which some agent causes a ''SolidObject'' (or ObjectGroup) to go from a curved or bent shape to a ''Straight'' (or straighter) shape. This also includes alignment into a Line were the line is not rigidly straight, but somewht curved in a predefined manner. `NOTE: This includes the 'straighten up' referring to posture, as WN sense 1 seems to do, but that should be a separate sense, perhaps a subtype For 'straightening up' a room see ''Tidying'' or ''Organizing''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'straighten' in in WordNet: 1. (7) straighten, unbend - (straighten up or out; make straight) 2. (6) straighten, straighten out - (make straight)`
Super-classes	ShapeChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Straight^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Bending^c objectHasAttributeBefore^op value Crooked^c mayCauseObjectToBecome^op value Straight^c
Sub-classes	StraighteningTeeth^c Unbending^c

StraighteningTeeth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraighteningTeeth`
Description	''StraighteningTeeth'' is a 'Straightening'' Action in which some group of ''Teeth'' that are growing in some degree of misalighment is 'aligned' (a form of 'straightened', not necessarily into a straight line, but aligned to the normal line, usually a slight curve, done gradually over months or years , by some form of orthodontic device) #Perhaps properly aligned' would be a better label#
Super-classes	Straightening^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Teeth^c

Straightforward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Straightforward

Description

''Straightforward'' is the attribute of a document or procedure that is ''Unambiguous'' and ''Clear'' and easy to understand or perform.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'straightforward' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) straightforward - (free from ambiguity; 
            'a straightforward set of instructions')

Super-classes Unambiguous^c
Clear^c

StraightforwardAndSquare^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StraightforwardAndSquare

Description

''StraightforwardAndSquare'' is the attribute of a Communication, that conveys fully what the speaker believes, without evasion. 'give me the straight facts'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 12 of 'straight' in Wordnet:
           12. square, straightforward, straight - (without evasion or compromise;
            'a square contradiction'; 'he is not being as straightforward as it appears')

Super-classes Frank^c

Strained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strained`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'strained' in Wordnet: 1. (3) labored, laboured, strained - (lacking natural ease; 'a labored style of debating')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Strainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strainer`
Description	A Screen-like ''PhysicalFilter'' that may be used for filtering liquids,but does not have fine pores like a ''filter'. In cooking, a bowl-like object with holes in the bottom (e.g. a 'colander') can serve as a''Strainer''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strainer' in WordNet: 1. strainer - (a filter to retain larger pieces while smaller pieces and liquids pass through)`
Super-classes	PhysicalFilter^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Sieving^c
Sub-classes	Colander^c Sieve^c KitchenStrainer^c

Strait^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strait

Description

''Strait'' is an archaic term meaning ''Narrow'', used of passageways. " It matters not how strait the gate " RHW: 5. narrow: Strait is the gate. 6. affording little space; confined in area.

        Not in WN in this sense.

Super-classes Narrow^c

Strait-Waterway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strait-Waterway`
Description	COSMO note: this is restricted to salt water Straits. `Cyc: 'Strait': The collection of water passageways connecting two larger bodies of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strait' in Wordnet: 1. (3) strait, sound - (a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinObject^c BodyOfSaltWater^c WaterSurfacePath^c
Restrictions	isConnectedTo^op value BodyOfSaltWater^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Strait^c servesAsaPathFor^op value WaterTransportationVehicle^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheStraitOfHormuz

Strand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strand`
Description	A 'Strand' is a single ''Filament'' of some material produced by an ''Organism'' `Corresponds to part (for the 'natural' Filaments) of sense 4 of 'strand' in WordNet: 4. fibril, filament, strand - (a very slender natural or synthetic fiber)`
Super-classes	Filament^c OrganismPart^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value Organism^c
Sub-classes	Hair-Strand^c HairlikeFiber^c

Stranded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stranded

Description

''Marooned' is a form of ''Isolated'' for People who are left by some agent providing travel services in some location where they no longer have the means to leave that they were expecting. This is a secalized sense of 'stranded' for this specific situation.

    For being 'stranded' on an island, use ''Marooned''.

    Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'stranded' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) isolated, marooned, stranded - (cut off or left behind; 
         'an isolated pawn'; 'several stranded fish in a tide pool'; 'travelers marooned by the blizzard')

Super-classes Isolated^c

Stranding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stranding`
Description	''Stranding' is a ''Forsaking'' where The ''Person''(s) maroooned are unable to leave with the expected assistance of the Agent(s) with whom they arrived at the place where they are 'Stranded'. This can be used, e.g., for travellers left by a travel agency that goes out of business, or some disruption of travel services. `For being 'marooned' on an island or in a wilderness, use ''BecomingMarooned''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'strand' in WordNet: 1. (1) maroon, strand - (leave stranded or isolated with little hope of rescue; 'the travellers were marooned')`
Super-classes	Forsaking^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stranded^c

Strange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strange`
Description	'Strange' is a property that can be assigned to something that is not just unusual, but surprisingly so; unusual in an unexpected way; odd. For the sense of 'unusual' but still only deviating somewhat from normal in a property for which deviations are known to occur, use 'Unusual'. NOTE: 'rummy' is British slang - omitted until needed. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'strange' , and sense 4 of 'odd' (which is also sense 1 of 'curious' and sense 1 of 'peculiar), in WordNet: WN 'strange' 1. (42) strange, unusual - (being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird; 'a strange exaltation that was indefinable'; 'a strange fantastical mind'; 'what a strange sense of humor she has') WN 'odd' 4. (1) curious, funny, odd, peculiar, queer, rum, rummy, singular - (beyond or deviating from the usual or expected; 'a curious hybrid accent'; 'her speech has a funny twang'; 'they have some funny ideas about war'; 'had an odd name'; 'the peculiar aromatic odor of cloves'; 'something definitely queer about this town'; 'what a rum fellow'; 'singular behavior')
Super-classes	Surprising^c Unusual^c
Sub-classes	Weird^c Fishy^c Quaint^c Eerie^c Exotic^c

Strangely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strangely

Description

''Strangely'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the assertion it modifies describes something ''Strange''.

       Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'strangely' in WordNet:
          1. (6) strangely - (in a strange way; 'he was strangely silent')
          2. queerly, strangely, oddly, funnily - (in a strange manner; 
             'a queerly inscribed sheet of paper')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Stranger^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stranger

Description

A 'Stranger' is a HumanRole (a Person) with whom one is unfamiliar (a person one has not met and spoken to at least once). This is a ReciprocalRole, and should be a mutual relationship, though one of the acquainted people may forget about the other. At any given time, a person's set of Strangers should be disjoint with their set of Acquaintances, but this disjointness is time and person-dependent, and cannot be asserted between these two types.

       This type is close to the first sense of 'stranger' in RHW:
           RHW: 1. a person with whom one has had no personal acquaintance:
             He is a perfect stranger to me.

        The only sense of 'stranger' in WordNet does not appear to include this
         notion;
       in WordNet:
          1. (15) stranger, alien, unknown -
              (anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found)

Super-classes HumanRole^c
ReciprocalRole^c

Strap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strap`
Description	A ribbonlike flexible Object designed to either bind one Object to another, or to allow carrying something (see subtype ''CarryStrap'') or (in a conveyance) for passengers to hold onto to avoid being toppled by the acceleration forces. The 'straps' used to hold a bundle of objects together are also included in this broad concept. `corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strap' in WordNet: 1. (2) strap - (an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position)`
Super-classes	RibbonlikeObject^c
Sub-classes	StrapHandle^c ChinStrap^c

StrapHandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrapHandle`
Description	ribbonlike flexible Object designed for grasping, to allow carrying something (see subtype ''CarryStrap'') or (in a conveyance) for passengers to hold onto to avoid being toppled by the acceleration forces. The 'straps' used to hold a bundle of objects together are also included in this broad concept. `For a 'shoulder strap' that allow carrying cases to be supported by the shoulder, use subtye 'ShoulderStrap''. Includes noun sense 1, 2, of 'strap' in WordNet: 1. (2) strap - (an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position) 2. strap - (hanger consisting of a loop of leather suspended from the ceiling of a bus or train; passengers hold onto it)`
Super-classes	Strap^c RibbonlikeObject^c Handle^c
Sub-classes	CarryStrap^c

Strategic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strategic

Description

''Strategic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Strategy'', whether military or civilian in context..

   Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'strategic' in WordNet:
      1. (3) strategic, strategical - (relating to or concerned with strategy;
         'strategic weapon'; 'the islands are of strategic importance'; 'strategic considerations')
      2. (1) strategic - (highly important to or an integral part of a 
            strategy or plan of action especially in war; 'a strategic chess move'; 
            'strategic withdrawal'; 'strategic bombing missions')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Strategically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strategically

Description

''Strategically'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes adjectives or Actions to specify that the adjective is relative to ''Strategy'' ('strategically poor location') or the Action is done for the purpose of good Strategy.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'strategically' in Wordnet:
           1. strategically - (with regard to strategy; 'strategically important decisions')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Strategist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strategist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strategist' in WordNet: 1. (1) strategist, strategian - (an expert in strategy (especially in warfare))`
Super-classes	Expert^c Planner^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Strategy^c

Strategy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strategy`
Description	A Plan with multiple components, more elaborate or formal than a simple ''Plan'' might be, having at least two component ''Tactic''s. Used of any complex plan, but mostly associated with military campaigns. `NOTE: that a ''Strategy'' can be a plan for one Person's action; if more than one person performs the execution, it will be an instance of the subtype ''PlanFOrAnOperation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strategy' in Wordnet; however a 'scheme' intended to deceive would be the subtype ''Scheme''. in WordNet: 1. (12) scheme, strategy - (an elaborate and systematic plan of action)`
Super-classes	Plan^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Tactic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Complex^c
Sub-classes	CounterTerrorism^c PlanForAnOperation^c Scheme^c

Stratum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stratum`
Description	This includes geological layers of sediment or 'Rock', as well as the tissue stratum mentioned in the WN gloss. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stratum' in WordNet: 1. (3) stratum - (one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock))`
Super-classes	Layer^c
Sub-classes	Substratum^c

Straw^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Straw

Description

A substance consisting mostly of many individual PlantStraw's - which may be fragemented and intermingled as to plant source. Straw may be used as fodder for animals or for making baskets and other artifacts, usually by weaving the fibrous part of the Straw. NOTE that Wordnet includes leaves and seed husks as part of 'straw', but this type will consist mostly of the stems; substances having a dominant composition of leaves and seed husks should be represented by some other type (@ToDo: perhaps 'chaff'?)

      Corresponds to senses 2 and 3 of 'straw' in RHW:
        2. a mass of such stalks, esp. after drying and threshing, used as fodder.
        3. material, fibers, etc., made from such stalks, as used for making hats or baskets.

      Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'straw' in WordNet:
      2. (2) chaff, husk, shuck, stalk, straw, stubble - (material consisting of
          seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds)

Super-classes PlantProduct^c
PlantMaterial^c

StrawBoss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrawBoss`
Description	A ''StrawBoss'' is lowest rank of ''Foreman'' who directly supervises the ''Worker''s of a ''WorkCrew''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'straw boss' in WordNet: 1. straw boss, assistant foreman - (a member of a work gang who supervises the other workers)`
Super-classes	Foreman^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value WorkCrew^c isaMemberOf^op value WorkCrew^c

StrawFabric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrawFabric`
Description	A ''StrawFabric is a 'Fabric' made from many individual stalks of ''Sraw''.
Super-classes	SheetlikeSubstance^c Surface-Open^c ArtificialSubstance^c

Strawberry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strawberry

Description

A ''Strawberry'' is a reddish Berry growing as large as several centimeters in diameter.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strawberry' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) strawberry - (sweet fleshy red fruit)

Super-classes RedObject^c
Berry^c
SweetTastingObject^c

Streak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Streak`
Description	Each 'Streak' is a 'Mark' (a contrasting region on a surface) that is elongated but not necessarily 'thin'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'streak' in WordNet: 3. (1) stripe, streak - (a marking of a different color or texture from the background)`
Super-classes	Mark^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some OuterPhysicalSurface^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

StreakOfEvents^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreakOfEvents`
Description	A ''Streak'' is a Series of Events in sequence, each instance of which has some distinct characteristic that is considered significant (''Salient'' especially either good or bad) for some agent - 'streak of luck', 'streak of bad luck' etc. More specific subtypes can be created as needed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streak' in WordNet: 1. (1) streak, run - (an unbroken series of events; 'had a streak of bad luck'; 'Nicklaus had a run of birdies')`
Super-classes	ReiterativeEventSeries^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Salient^c

Stream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stream`
Description	A Stream is an object that must contain a stream bed, and usually contains ''FlowingWater'' - i.e. a stream may be partly dry and still be a stream, but it must contain some water in some part, or it will be a different type of object. Because the water in a Stream does not have to be flowing at all times, a Stream is not a subtype of 'DynamicObject' (but a WaterWave is a 'DynamicObject'); but the water in the Stream might be thus classified. NOTE that this is also a subtype of ''FluidObject'', as the contained liquid (at some time) is the main matter of interest. NOTE hat this is also a subtype of ''GenericAgent'' because a Stream (or River) can 'do' things like cause damage. @ToDo: as of rev1107 the water in a Stream is not a 'DynamicObject', but this classification might be added if it appears useful in some domain ontology. See 'DynamicObject' for more discussion. COSMO note: In Cyc, objects and regions were intermixed, and Stream was a subtype of 'EcologicalRegion'. In COSMO a region and the things in it are distinct and can never be the same thing, so the parent Region was eliminated. However, the generic 'isLocatedAt' relation in COSMO can take a PnysicalObject as the object of the relation, so a Stream, which is a PhysicalObject, can be located at itself. There is still some difficulty with representing a stream as both a Path and a PhysicalObject. The Path is in one sense a path for the water of the stream (and only peripherally for the objects moving on the water). So the river should include some part of the river bed, and that makes its inheritance of 'BodyOfWater' problematical, as the bed itself is not water. COSMO-ToDo - needs more clarification. The use of 'container and contents' may resolve the problem here, but care needs to be taken to assure that the logic of substances can avoid problems. Cyc: A specialization of #$Water-Fresh, #$InanimateThing-Natural, and #$FlowPath. Each instance of #$Stream is a natural body of fresh water that flows when it is not frozen. A stream can either be a great river (see #$River) or a tiny creek (see #$Creek). Every non-frozen stream flows in (see #$in-ContOpen) some conduit (see #$FluidConduit) such as a streambed or riverbed. Notable instances of #$Stream include #$AmazonRiver, #$LittleMissouriRiver, #$WoundedKnee-Creek. Note that riverbanks are not streams nor are they parts of streams, but rather they mark the edges of streams. SUMO: (StreamWaterArea) A relatively narrow WaterArea where the water flows constantly and in the same direction, e.g. a river, a stream, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stream' in WordNet: 1. (20) stream, watercourse - (a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth)
Super-classes	Obstacle^c ContainerAndContents^c FlowPath^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c InanimateObject-Natural^c GenericAgent^c FluidObject^c BodyOfFreshWater^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value FreshWaterObject^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Water^c hasContents^op value Water-Fresh^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value FlowingWater^c hasContainer^op value StreamBed^c
Sub-classes	Creek^c StreamBranch^c River^c
In domain of	flowsInto^op

StreamBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreamBed`
Description	This is the thin layer of ground or artificial solid that underlies a Stream. In COSMO a Stream or other BodyOfWater includes the Stream or Lake bed, so this is part of the Stream. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streambed' in WordNet: 1. streambed, creek bed - (a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a stream)`
Super-classes	NaturalChannel^c Path-Physical^c WaterBodyBed^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value Water^c servesAsaPathFor^op value WaterCurrent^c
Sub-classes	RiverBed^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CongoRiverBed

StreamBranch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreamBranch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'branch' in WordNet: 5. branch - (a stream or river connected to a larger one)`
Super-classes	Stream^c
Sub-classes	Tributary^c

StreamCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreamCurrent`
Description	A FunctionalProcess during which Water flows in a stream-like formation in some Stream.
Super-classes	WaterCurrent^c
Sub-classes	RiverCurrent^c

StreamFlow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreamFlow`
Description	'StreamFlow'' is a ''FlowingWaterMotion'' in which some ''Stream'' is flowing downhill within its ''StreamBed''. This is most salient for Rivers.
Super-classes	FlowingWaterMotion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value StreamBed^c isPerformedBy^op value Stream^c

StreamSection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreamSection`
Description	A ''StreamSection'' is a section (part, segment) of a ''Stream'' that has some distinguishing characteristic or attribute or function.
Super-classes	BodyOfFreshWater^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Stream^c
Sub-classes	Waterfall^c Cascade^c Rapids^c

StreamSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreamSystem`
Description	A ''StreamSystem'' is some named ''Stream'' (usually a River) plus all of its ''Tributary''s and ''StreamBranch''es up to their sources.
Super-classes	Group^c ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 0 hasPhysicalPart^op value Stream^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Tributary^c isLocatedAt^op value DrainageBasin^c

Streamer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Streamer

Description

This ''Streamer'' is a ''RibbonlikeObject'' used for decoration or information transfer such as in advertising or labeling locations.

       Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'streamer' in WordNet:
         4. banner, streamer - (long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising)

Super-classes RibbonlikeObject^c

Streaming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Streaming`
Description	''Streaming'' is an Event in which some qualtity of substance or Group of objects (usually animals or people) moves together in some direction as or similar to a stream of water. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'stream' in WordNet: 4. (3) flow, stream - (the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression)`
Super-classes	Motion^c
Sub-classes	Overflowing^c FlowingWaterMotion^c

StreamliningaDevice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreamliningaDevice

Description

''StreamliningaDevice'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' in what is produced is a Device that has a streamlined contour - i.e. one that has less resistance to movement through a fluid - usually Air or Water. This is done especially for motor vehicles and airplanes.

        Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'streamline' in WordNet:
          1. streamline - (contour economically or efficiently)

Super-classes DesigningaDevice^c

Street^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Street`
Description	A Roadway in an urban area, having buildings near the road. This includes the full public right-of-way, including sidewalks. For the flat surface portion that vehicles travel on, use 'Street-RoadwayOnly' InCyc called 'Street-Generic' CYC: #$Street-Generic is a specialization of both #$Roadway and #$UrbanArea. Each instance of #$Street-Generic is a #$Roadway located inside a city or town. The WordNet definition says a street is 'lined with buildings', having much the same meaning - a Street is not rural. This is the physical object that is the street, not a region of space. It would extend down to the underlying soil, and include all materials added (such as crushed gravel) to prepare the roadbed. A modern street is typically paved, but that is not a necessary attribute of a Street. COSMO note: This 'street; Type is interpreted as the full public right-of-way, including the sidewalks, up to the private property line of the property bordering on the street. A RealEstate bounded by a street will therefore be related to the street by 'isAdjacentTo'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'street' in WordNet: 1. (86) street - (a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings; 'they walked the streets of the small town'; 'he lives on Nassau Street')
Super-classes	Roadway^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Municipality^c
Sub-classes	Avenue^c LocalRoad^c Alley^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChurchStreetManhattan

Street-RoadwayOnly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Street-RoadwayOnly`
Description	The part of a 'Street' that vehicles travel on, up to the curb. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'street' in WordNet: 2. (3) street - (the part of a thoroughfare between the sidewalks; the part of the thoroughfare on which vehicles travel; 'be careful crossing the street')`
Super-classes	Roadway^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some Street^c

StreetGang^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreetGang

Description

A ''StreetGang'' is a ''Gang'' of teens or somewhat older young adults who live nearby each other, usually in a city. Such gangs can be informal and merely social, and even benevolent, but occasionally can form rivalries and get into ''GangFight''s over any issue, such as the dominance in some 'piece of turf' (location). This type of ''Gang'' is not just a group of people who associate, but has some structure and has a name and sometimes ditinctive clothing that identifies members.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gang' in WordNet:
           2. (2) crowd, crew, gang, bunch -
              (an informal body of friends; 'he still hangs out with the same crowd')

Super-classes Gang^c

StreetSign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreetSign`
Description	A ''StreetSign'' is a 'LocationMarker'' located adjacent to a Roadway that has the name of the roadway on it. NOTE: this is not for other types of sign on a roadway.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'street sign' in WordNet (only for street names): in WordNet: 1. street sign - (a sign visible from the street)`
Super-classes	TrafficSign^c LocationMarker^c
Restrictions	isaSignOf^op value Roadway^c

StreetWalker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreetWalker`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streetwalker' in WordNet: 1. streetwalker, street girl, hooker, hustler, floozy, floozie, slattern - (a prostitute who attracts customers by walking the streets)`
Super-classes	Prostitute^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value Sidewalk^c

Streetcar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Streetcar

Description

Does not necessarily run on rails, it can have rubber tires with overhead electrical lines.

       RHW: a public vehicle running regularly along certain streets,
           usually on rails, as a trolley car or trolley bus

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streetcar' in WordNet:
           1. (3) streetcar, tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car - 
             (a wheeled vehicle that runs on rails and is propelled by electricity;
             'tram' and 'tramcar' are British terms)

Super-classes RoadVehicle^c
WheeledTransportationDevice^c
PublicTransportationDevice^c

Streetlight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Streetlight`
Description	A ''Streetlight'' is an electrical ''Lamp'' on the side of a ''Street' consisting of a ''"Lamppost'' at the top of which an ''LightEmittingComponent'' like a lightbulb is attached, with wires connecting the lighting device to some soure of ''Electricity''. Such ''Streetlight''s typically are arranged in groups longside the Street to illuminate the Street and adjacent walkway. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streetlight' in WordNet: 1. (2) streetlight, street lamp - (a lamp supported on a lamppost; for illuminating a street)`
Super-classes	ElectricalLightingDevice^c Lamp^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Lamppost^c isAlongside^op value Roadway^c hasDesignFunction^op value IlluminatingSomething^c

Strength^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strength`
Description	Attribute types are treated differently in COSMO from CYC. This type is a general concept of 'strength' referring to the ability of a PhysicalObject to exert physical force, or to withstand physical force. The CYC concept appears to have a similar intended meaning, but its usage may vary considerably from the usage of this Type. This will usually apply to solid objects, but can also be applied to Radiation levels. The actual AttributeValues that can measure this AttributeType have not yet (r885) been created. The sense of 'strength' referring to mental or moral ability, or concentration of a solution, or effectiveness of some action that may meet resistance (such as a military action) are not included in this general type as of rev855. When needed, these may be added here or elsewhere. NOTE: the restriction is informative, intended to be inherited so that the targets of the subtypes also will be clear. CYC: #$Strength is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions performed by exerting nontrival force at the times it is necessary. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'strength' in WordNet: 1. (42) strength - (the property of being physically or mentally strong; 'fatigue sapped his strength')
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c
Restrictions	modifies^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Stiffness^c TensileStrength^c Vitality^c ShearStrength^c Might-Physical^c BodyStrength^c

Strengthening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strengthening`
Description	''Strengthening'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which some object(s) become ''Stronger''. CYC ('StrengtheningEvent'): The collection of events in which something is strengthened. The Object affected does not have to be weak to start with, it only has to get stronger as a result of this Action. Correponds to verb sense 1 (transitive) of 'strengthen' in WordNet: 1. (24) strengthen, beef up, fortify - (make strong or stronger; 'This exercise will strengthen your upper body'; 'strengthen the relations between the two countries') WN noun 'strengthening': 2. strengthening - (the act of increasing the strength of something)
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BecomingStronger^c causesIncreaseIn^op value Strength^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stronger^c
Sub-classes	BodybuildingAction^c TemperingSteel^c Reinforcing^c AnnealingGlass^c

Strenuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strenuous

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'strenuous' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) strenuous - (characterized by or performed with much energy or force; 
                 'strenuous exercise')
          2. arduous, straining, strenuous - (taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance; 
             'his final, straining burst of speed'; 'a strenuous task'; 'your willingness after 
               these six arduous days to remain here'- F.D.Roosevelt)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

StrenuousAthleticActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrenuousAthleticActivity`
Description	A ''StrenuousAthleticActivity'' is an ''AthleticActivity'' during which the Athlete exerts her/his maximum effort, as in a sports competition or a ''BaseballPitch'' event. In preparation for such activity, an Athlete may perform a ''Warm-up''
Super-classes	AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Strenuous^c
Sub-classes	GymnasticAction^c BaseballPitch^c Footrace^c

StrepThroat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrepThroat

Description

$StrepThroat is a kind of bacterial infection

        (spec of #$BacterialInfection) caused by a bacterium called
        Group A #$Streptococcus, in which the throat is very sore.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strep throat' in WordNet:
          1. streptococcal sore throat, strep throat, 
             streptococcus tonsilitis, septic sore throat, throat infection - 
             (an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus)

Super-classes BacterialInfection^c
SoreThroat^c

Streptococcus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Streptococcus`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium forming a #$BiologicalGenus in the #$MoneraKingdom. These are #$Bacterium-Immotile, #$CoccusBacterium, and #$NonSporeFormingBacterium and metabolize fermentatively. They are also catalase negative and not acid-fast. This genus includes several species pathogenic for humans. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streptococcus' in WordNet: 1. streptococcus, streptococci, strep - (spherical Gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis)`
Super-classes	Coccus^c Bacterium^c GramPositiveBacterium^c
Restrictions	causesInfectiousDisease^op value StrepThroat^c
Sub-classes	StreptococcusPneumoniae^c StreptococcusPyogenes^c

StreptococcusPneumoniae^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreptococcusPneumoniae`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium comprising a #$BiologicalSpecies in the #$MoneraKingdom. These cells are the most common cause of pneumonia and may also cause meningitis.
Super-classes	Streptococcus^c

StreptococcusPyogenes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StreptococcusPyogenes`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium forming a #$BiologicalSpecies in the #$MoneraKingdom. These cells are responsible for such human infections as streptococcal pharyngitis.
Super-classes	Streptococcus^c

Stress-Feeling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stress-Feeling

Description

Cumulative psychological or emotional disturbance caused by environmental influences. Can be relieved by #$Resting-Relaxing, #$Meditating, #$Exercising, etc.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stress' and sense 4 of 'strain'in WordNet:
            2. (4) tension, tenseness, stress - ((psychology) a state 
              of mental or emotional strain or suspense; 
              'he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension'; 'stress is a vasoconstrictor')
          WN noun 'strain':
            4. (2) strain, mental strain, nervous strain - ((psychology) nervousness 
              resulting from mental stress; 'his responsibilities were a constant strain'; 
              'the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him')

Super-classes Nervousness^c

Stressed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stressed

Description

''Stressed'' is an attribute of spoken words or parts of words that are pronounced with greater emphasis than adjacent parts, such as syllables.

    See also ''SyllableStress'' - relation needs to be clarified.
    For a person being 'stressed use ''StressedOut''.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'stressed' for speech) in Wordnet:
         2. stressed, accented - (bearing a stress or accent;
           'an iambic foot consists of an unstressed syllable followed by
           a stressed syllable as in 'delay'')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

StressedOut^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StressedOut

Description

This ''StressedOut'' characterizes the ''Stress-Feeling'' that a Person has after experiencing a stressful situation, or the Person with that Feeling.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stressed' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) stressed, distressed, in a bad way -
              (suffering severe physical strain or distress; 'he dropped out of the race,
              clearly distressed and having difficulty breathing';
              'the victim was in a bad way and needed immediate attention')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c

StressedSyllable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StressedSyllable`
Description	A ''StressedSyllable'' is a ''Syllable''
Super-classes	Syllable^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPartOf^op value Word^c
Sub-classes	LightlyStressedSyllable^c HeavilyStressedSyllable^c

Stressful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stressful`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stressful' in Wordnet: 1. nerve-racking, nerve-wracking, stressful, trying - (extremely irritating to the nerves; 'nerve-racking noise'; 'the stressful days before a war'; 'a trying day at the office')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Traumatic^c

Stressor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stressor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stressor' in WordNet: 1. stressor - (any agent that causes stress to an organism)`
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Stress-Feeling^c

StretchingAction^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StretchingAction

Description

An Action in which some Agent causes a PhysicalObject to increase in length.

    NOTE WN 'elongation 3' is ambiguous between transitive and intransitive.
        It is included here and in parent type ''ElongatingEvent'' including both senses.
    Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'stretch' in WordNet:
        5. (3) elongate, stretch - (make long or longer by pulling and stretching;
               'stretch the fabric')
       WN noun 'elongation':
        3. elongation - (the act of lengthening something)

Super-classes PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c
ElongatingEvent^c
ActionOnObject^c

StriatedMuscle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StriatedMuscle`
Description	A specialization of #$MuscleTissue. Each instance of #$StriatedMuscle is a piece of muscle tissue of that constitutes a muscle which normally performs functions that are under an organism's voluntary control. Muscles of this kind differ in structure from smooth muscles, which are involved in involuntary physiological functions such as digestion and breathing. Elements of #$StriatedMuscle are composed of multinuclear cells and distinguished by light and dark bands (viz., striations). Cf. #$SmoothMuscle. `NOTE: CYC has 'striated muscle' and 'skeletal muscle' as parent - subtype. That relation is preserved in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'striated muscle' in WordNet: 1. skeletal muscle, striated muscle - (a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes)`
Super-classes	Muscle^c
Sub-classes	Biceps^c AbductorMuscle^c SkeletalMuscle^c

StriatedMuscleTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StriatedMuscleTissue`
Description	A Substance consisting of the type of cells in striated muscle..
Super-classes	MuscleTissue^c

StrictlyMentalEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrictlyMentalEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event which is 'strictly mental' in the sense that if the event is instantiated by some physical situation, that instantiating situation is not essential to the event being an event of that type. For instance, perceiving an apple is not an instance of #$StrictlyMentalEvent insofar as it essentially requires sense organs and an apple (and thus #$Perceiving is not a specialization of #$StrictlyMentalEvent). However, the phenomenological aspects of this event, e.g., the experience of redness or roundness, do not require the sense organs or the apple, and it is conceivable that a disembodied mind could have such experiences. (Thus, #$ExperiencingPerception is a specialization of #$StrictlyMentalEvent.) Note that the property defining this collection is primitive and notoriously difficult to define, except via examples. If an event is not clearly an instance of #$ExperiencingPerception, entertaining a thought (#$Thinking), or #$ExperiencingEmotion, or fully decomposable into a collection of such events, then one should be very careful about making it in an instance of #$StrictlyMentalEvent.
Super-classes	MentalEvent^c
Sub-classes	UnderstandingaProblem^c Cognition^c UnderstandingaPhrase^c Thinking^c Forgetting^c MentalState^c Intending^c PuttingIntoMemory^c Hindsight^c HavingInMemory^c Understanding^c FormingAnOpinion^c Remembering^c Interpreting^c Relieving^c Imagining^c

Strife^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strife

Description

This sense of ''Strife'' includes both violent and non-violent disputes. The specifically violent type can be created as a subtype.

         Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'strife' in WordNet:
           1. (2) discord, strife - (lack of agreement or harmony)
           2. (2) strife - (bitter conflict; heated often violent dissension)

Super-classes ConflictEvent^c

Strike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strike`
Description	A 'Strike' is an intentional refraining from performing some paid labor that had been performed. This is a PersistentState that is caused by and immediately follows a 'GoingOnStrike' Event. @ToDo: NOTE that as of rev885, only a LaborUnion can be designated as the Agent performing the Strike. In general in a ConflictEvent 'wasPerformedByAgent' points to all parties of a conflict. In this case the restriction only points to one party, but since that party is an Organization, the plurality of the object of the relation is preserved, and there is no logical inconsistency. But whether both parties need to 'perform' a conflict needs to be reconsidered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 7 of 'strike' in WordNet: 1. (441) strike, work stoppage - (a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions; 'the strike lasted more than a month before it was settled') WN verb 'strike': 7. (3) strike, walk out - (stop work in order to press demands; 'The auto workers are striking for higher wages'; 'The employees walked out when their demand for better benefits was not met')
Super-classes	DisputeEvent^c Refraining^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some LaborUnion^c isTheAbsenceOf^op some WorkingEvent^c

Striker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Striker`
Description	A ''Striker'' is a ''Person'' who has participated in a ''Strike'' by not going to work. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'striker' in WordNet: 3. striker - (an employee on strike against an employer)`
Super-classes	Employee^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Strike^c

StrikingAnObjectEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrikingAnObjectEvent`
Description	A PhysicalContactMakingEvent in which one moving Object strikes a second object, which may or may not be moving. The object moving fastest (in some frame) is considered as the 'StrikingObject' and the second object is the 'StruckObject'. This is a subtype of 'PhysicalContactMakingEvent' in that only two Objects are involved in this Event, and at least one must be travelling toward the other at a speed sufficient to create a significant force when the two objects meet. THe force will cause some effect - either motion in the struck object or changes in shape of one or theother of the objects; therefore an elastic collision (as of billiard balls) is not an instance of this type. This can be a natural event or an Action of an Agent. The falling of an object to the ground is an example of such an Event. In such an Event,either object involved may (or may not) sustain damage. This differs from the parent 'Colliding' in requiring that there be some differentiation between the striking object and the struck object; the difference can be speed, or it can be that the striking object is controlled by an Agent. NOTE that this is a subtype of 'Colliding' whereas in WordNet 'collide' is a subtype of 'strike'; it seems that either word could be used for either this type or for 'Colliding'. Corresponds to parts of noun senses 1 of 'collide' and sense 1 of 'strike' and sense 2 of 'hit' and temporarily includes the subtype sense 1 of 'hit' in WordNet: WN 'collide': 1. (3) collide, clash - (crash together with violent impact; 'The cars collided'; 'Two meteors clashed') WN: strike': 1. (21) hit, strike, impinge on, run into, collide with - (hit against; come into sudden contact with; 'The car hit a tree'; 'He struck the table with his elbow') WN verb 'hit': 1. (440) hit - (cause to move by striking; 'hit a ball') 2. (305) hit, strike, impinge on, run into, collide with - (hit against; come into sudden contact with; 'The car hit a tree'; 'He struck the table with his elbow') WN noun 'hit': 2. (2) hit, hitting, striking - (the act of contacting one thing with another; 'repeated hitting raised a large bruise'; 'after three misses she finally got a hit')
Super-classes	Colliding^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op some (PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c)
Sub-classes	StrikingRepeatedly^c HittingAnObject^c BatteringAnObject^c TsunamiImpact^c KickingAnObject^c Blow^c StrikingaTarget^c BuffetingAnObject^c Clicking^c SplashingWater^c
In domain of	hadObjectStruck^op

StrikingAnObjectWithaTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrikingAnObjectWithaTool`
Description	''StrikingAnObjectWithaTool'' is an Action of a Person or machine that strikes an object with some significant force, usually to move the object or change its shape, or to break it.
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op some DeviceType^c
Sub-classes	HammeringSomething^c

StrikingHeavy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrikingHeavy

Description

''StrikingHeavy'' is a term used as a unique alternate to adjective 'heavy' which is used as the Class name for a different sense of that term. ''StrikingHeavy'' characterizes a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that causes more than a little force between the impacting objects - more than a ''TouchingGentle'' degree of impact, but not necessarily enough to cause any harm to either Object that comes in contact.

    NOTE: prhas there is a need for three degrees of contact force - light, medium, heavy?
       This would include both medium and heavy.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 8 of 'heavy' in Wordnet:
         8. heavy - (of great intensity or power or force; 'a heavy blow';
            'the fighting was heavy'; 'heavy seas')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

StrikingPartOfTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrikingPartOfTool`
Description	This type includes the generic ''Striker'' and also the more specific''Head'' (which might be broken out as a subtype if examples need it). `Corresponds to noun sense 29 of 'head' in WordNet: 29. head - (the striking part of a tool; 'the head of the hammer') WN Includes noun sense 5 of 'striker' in WordNet: 5. striker - (the part of a mechanical device that strikes something)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value StrikingAnObjectWithaTool^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf some (MechanicalDevice^c or DeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	MalletHead^c Hammerhead^c

StrikingRepeatedly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrikingRepeatedly`
Description	''StrikingRepeatedly'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that is performed more than twice. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'beat' in WordNet: 3. (8) beat - (hit repeatedly; 'beat on the door'; 'beat the table with his shoe')`
Super-classes	StrikingAnObjectEvent^c ApplyingAForce^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some StrikingAnObjectEvent^c
Sub-classes	ShapingByBeating^c ThreshingGrain^c

StrikingaDrum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrikingaDrum`
Description	`Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'drum' in WordNet: 1. (1) drum, beat, thrum - (make a rhythmic sound; 'Rain drummed against the windshield'; 'The drums beat all night')`
Super-classes	PercussionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op value DrumInstrument^c

StrikingaTarget^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrikingaTarget`
Description	''StrikingaTarget'' is a The striking of an object, where the Object is a ''Target'' that is aimed at in a ''ShootingAtSomething'' Event. hit, strike, impinge on
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c StrikingAnObjectEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op value Target^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value ShootingAtSomething^c
Sub-classes	ShootingSomething^c

Strikingly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strikingly

Description

''Strikingly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can serve in a similar manner as ''Dramatically'',but more strongly suggests an impulse to look at something that is not an Action and is visually unusual. 'strikingly beautiful'.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'strikingly' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) strikingly - (in a striking manner; 'this was strikingly demonstrated';
               'the evidence was strikingly absent')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

StringInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StringInstrument`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$MusicalInstruments with strings which are made to vibrate (via bowing, plucking or striking) to produce sound. `SUMO: A MusicalInstrument which is played by striking strings, either directly as with a guitar or indirectly via keys as with Pianos. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stringed instrument' in WordNet: 1. stringed instrument - (a musical instrument in which taut strings provide the source of sound)`
Super-classes	MusicalInstrument^c Device-SingleUser^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value MusicalString^c
Sub-classes	Harp^c Banjo^c Guitar^c Clavier^c BowedStringInstrument^c

StringOfBeads^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StringOfBeads`
Description	A ''StringOfBeads'' is a ''StringOfObjects'' in which the objects are 'Beads''. The ''StringOfBeads'' may be linear, circular, or any other configuration, including having more than one 'string' linked together. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'string of beads' in WordNet: 1. beads, string of beads - (several beads threaded together on a string)`
Super-classes	StringOfObjects^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Beads^c
Sub-classes	RosaryBeads^c

StringOfObjects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StringOfObjects`
Description	A ''StringOfObjects'' is an ''ObjectGroup'' held on a ''String''-like line (which could be metallic). This is commonly used for ''Necklace''s, or ''Bracelet''s, but anything having objects held by a line is included. 'string of pearls' `Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'string' in WordNet: 8. string - (a collection of objects threaded on a single strand)`
Super-classes	Collection^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value StringingObjectsOnaString^c
Sub-classes	StringOfBeads^c

StringOrLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StringOrLine`
Description	StringOrLine is a a ''CordlikeObject'' that is (relatively) long thin limp object like a cord, but can be thinner, and does not have spatial gaps within it, like a 'chain'; it is much longer than it is wide; the ratio of length/width should be at least 10 It is not necessarily fibrous, so a single polyester thread that is as thick as a string, used as a fishing line, will be an instance. A 'line' carrying a telephone wire, strung on telephone poles, is included. For strings made of fibers only, use 'PieceOfString'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 18 of 'line' in Wordnet, and includes strings and 'strings' of musical instruments: in WordNet: 18. (2) line - (something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible; 'a washing line') WN noun 'string': 1. (7) string, twine - (a lightweight cord) 3. (2) string - (a tightly stretched cord of wire or gut, which makes sound when plucked, struck, or bowed)
Super-classes	LimpObject^c CordlikeObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c HomogeneousSolidObject^c
Sub-classes	MusicalString^c Cord^c PieceOfThread^c TransmissionLine^c NauticalLifeline^c PieceOfString^c SuspendingLine^c

Stringent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stringent

Description

''Stringent'' is a subtype of ''Demanding'' characterizing both a Person who demands precise and strict adherence to rules, and the behavior of such a Person when making or enforcing such demands; and also applies to rules themselves that allow little deviation from specified behavior (RHW: strongly binding; not to be set aside or violated: hard-and-fast rules.), and to behavior that conforms to stringent rules: ('strict adherence to the law is expected').

     (There is a sense of 'rigorous' (precise and accurate) not in WN,
       except perhaps as part of sense 1:
       RHW: 2. severely exact or accurate; precise: rigorous research.)

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stringent' and senses
         1 and 2 of 'strict' in WordNet:
       1. rigorous, stringent, tight - (demanding strict attention 
          to rules and procedures; 'rigorous discipline'; 'tight security';
          'stringent safety measures')
     WN adjective 'strict':
       2. (3) rigorous, strict - (rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation 
          from a standard; 'rigorous application of the law'; 'a strict vegetarian')
       1. (3) hard-and-fast, strict - ((of rules) stringently enforced; 'hard-and-fast rules')

Super-classes Assertive^c

Stringently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stringently

Description

''Stringently'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies behavior and specifies that the action had the property ''Stringent'', e.g. (was performed with careful adherence and conformity with some rule - 'adhered strictly to the rule'); or to the manner of enforcing a rule by the Authority with enforcement power: ('Stringently enforced the curfue')

     Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'stringently' in WordNet:
         1. strictly, stringently - (in a stringent manner; 
           'the laws are stringently enforced'; 'stringently controlled')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

StringingObjectsOnaString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StringingObjectsOnaString`
Description	''Arranging'' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' that Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'string' in Wordnet: 1. (2) string, thread, draw - (thread on or as if on a string; 'string pearls on a string'; 'the child drew glass beads on a string'; 'thread dried cranberries')
Super-classes	Arranging^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some StringOfObjects^c produces^op some StringOfObjects^c

Strip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strip`
Description	A ''Strip'' is a LongAndThinObject that is an ArtifactObject composed of some solid material, including wood plastic, rubber, cloth, some ''Metal'' or paving material, having a Rectangular cross-section (as distinguished from the cylindrical shape of a ''Rod''). The ratio of sides in the cross-section oblong has no limits until it becomes so high as to make the object a ''SheetOfSomeSuff''. This can be rigid or flexible; the sutypes will distinguish those different types. `Includes noun senses 2 and 5 of 'strip' in Wordnet: 2. (6) strip, slip - (artifact consisting of a narrow flat piece of material) 5. strip - (thin piece of wood or metal)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c
Restrictions	hasCrossSectionalShape^op value Rectangle^c
Sub-classes	RubberStrip^c PhysicalMargin^c MetalStrip^c Tab^c RibbonlikeObject^c Ruler^c Frill^c

StripTeaseShow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StripTeaseShow`
Description	A kind of #$EntertainmentPerformance featuring #$Strippers. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'striptease' in WordNet: 2. strip, striptease, strip show - (a form of erotic entertainment in which a dancer gradually undresses to music; 'she did a strip right in front of everyone')`
Super-classes	Dancing^c EntertainmentPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Undressing^c isPerformedBy^op value Stripper^c

Stripe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stripe`
Description	Each 'Stripe' is a 'Mark' (a contrasting region on a surface) that is longer than it is wide (at least 2 to 1 ratio); the edges can be irregular, as the stripes on a ''Tiger''. It does not have to be straight, so the 'stripes' (including chevrons) that form insignia of rank on a military uniform are included. `It can be 'seen' (if not obstructed), so is located on some ''OuterPhysicalSurface''. Includes noun senses 1 and 5 of 'stripe' in Wordnet: 1. (1) band, banding, stripe - (an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material) 5. stripe, streak - (a marking of a different color or texture from the background)`
Super-classes	Mark^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c isLocatedAt^op some OuterPhysicalSurface^c

Striped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Striped`
Description	An Attribute of a SheetOfSomeStuff or of a surface (usually a flat surface that may be only a portion of an object) that has at least two and usually multiple ''Stripes''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'striped' in Wordnet: 1. (1) striped, stripy - (marked or decorated with stripes)`
Super-classes	Patterned^c
Sub-classes	RedAndWhiteStriped^c

Stripes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stripes`
Description	A Group of ''Stripe''s on some surface. An Object with this pattern has the attribute ''Striped''.
Super-classes	PatternOfLines^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Stripe^c isLocatedAt^op some OuterPhysicalSurface^c

Stripper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stripper`
Description	CYC: The collection of all dancers [#$Dancer-Performer] who remove all or most of their clothing during a performance. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stripper' in WordNet: 3. stripper, striptease artist, striptease, stripteaser, exotic dancer, ecdysiast, peeler - (a performer who provides erotic entertainment by undressing to music)`
Super-classes	SexWorker^c Dancer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value StripTeaseShow^c

StrippingaSurfaceCoating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrippingaSurfaceCoating`
Description	''StrippingaSurfaceCoating'' is an Action in which some surface coating on a PhysicalObject(s) is removed,by any means,including dissolving in a solvent, scraping off, or sanding off.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strip' in WordNet: 3. (1) strip - (remove the surface from; 'strip wood')`
Super-classes	ClearingaSurface^c
Restrictions	removes^op some Coating^c hadThingAffected^op some SolidObject^c

Striving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Striving`
Description	''Striving'' is a ''Struggle'' requiring strenuous effort, with a Goal of doing something beyond the normal requirements of living or work, rather to achieve some notable level of performance or success or to perform good things for other people. `RHW 'strive': 2. to make strenuous efforts toward any goal: to strive for success. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'strive' in WordNet: 1. (13) endeavor, endeavour, strive - (attempt by employing effort; 'we endeavor to make our customers happy') WN noun 'striving': 1. (3) striving, nisus, pains, strain - (an effortful attempt to attain a goal)`
Super-classes	Struggle^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value DifficultGoal^c
Sub-classes	Jihad^c

Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition`
Description	CYC: The collection of physiological conditions in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts or is plugged up, causing unconsciousness, paralysis, etc. NOTE that unconsciousness is not essential, as some strokes do not cause unconsciousness, just loss of function of some brain part. Coresponds to noun sense 6 of 'stroke' in RHW: 6. Also called apoplexy, cerebrovascular accident. Pathol. a blockage or hemorrhage of a blood vessel leading to the brain, causing inadequate oxygen supply and, depending on the extent and location of the abnormality, such symptoms as weakness, paralysis of parts of the body, speech difficulties, and, if severe, loss of consciousness or death. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'stroke' in WordNet, but does not necessarily lead to unconsciousness - use the RHW definition, above: in WordNet: 3. (1) stroke, apoplexy, cerebrovascular accident, CVA - (a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain)
Super-classes	LifeThreateningCondition^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Brain^c

StrokingAtaBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrokingAtaBall`
Description	Each 'StrokingAtaBall' is a Action in which a Person moves some special device (e.g. golf club, tennis racket, baseball bat, billiard cue), in an effort to propel the ball. This is an attempt, which may not connect with the ball. For the more specific 'swinging' action use the subtype ''SwingingaRod"'' or one of its subtypes such as ''SwingingAtaBaseball''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shot' and noun sense 1 of 'stroke' in WordNet: 2. (348) stroke, shot - - ((sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand; 'it took two strokes to get out of the bunker'; 'a good shot require good balance and tempo'; 'he left me an almost impossible shot')`
Super-classes	AttemptingToStrikeSomething^c Attempt^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value PropellingaBall^c
Sub-classes	SwingingAtaBaseball^c Masse^c TennisStroke^c

StrokingMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrokingMovement`
Description	''StrokingMovement'' is any method of moving by an Animal - on ground, in water, or in air, in which the propulsive force comes from moving some ''Appendage-AnimalBodyPart'',such as the arms (in water, for people or other armed animals) or flapping the wings inair (birds) or in water possibly only the legs (or tail or fins for fish). `Includes but is broader than (includes birds and fish) noun sense 9 of 'stroke' in WordNet: 9. stroke - (any one of the repeated movements of the limbs and body used for locomotion in swimming or rowing)`
Super-classes	LocomotionEvent-Animal^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Propelling^c hasBodypartMoved^op value Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	SwimmingStroke^c

Strolling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strolling`
Description	'Strolling' is a liesurely (''Unhurried'') manner of 'Walking', done outdoors. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stroll' in WordNet: 1. (1) stroll, saunter - (walk leisurely and with no apparent aim) WN noun 'stroll': 1. (1) amble, promenade, saunter, stroll, perambulation - (a leisurely walk (usually in some public place))`
Super-classes	WalkingOutdoors^c OutdoorActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unhurried^c

Strong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strong`
Description	The most general sense of 'strong' meaning that the entity that is Strong has more than average capability to cause some effect that can be caused by entities of that type. This includes muscular strength of animals, power of artifacts to perform tasks, and intensity of things like radiation or wind that may exert effects. The more specific senses depend linguistically on the entity that is modified. This also includes 'strong' in the sense of ability to support heavy weights, as of artifacts, beams, or tree limbs. This type does not include 'Strong' to represent concentrations of some solution, or odors, or the effectiveness of medicines or other chemicals. That will be represented by a different attribute (not done as of rev885). Part of those senses are included in 'Effective'. Something can be Strong and Effective at the same time. The more intensive variants of some senses will be represented by the subtype 'Powerful'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'strong' in WordNet: 1. (63) strong - (having strength or power greater than average or expected; 'a strong radio signal'; 'strong medicine'; 'a strong man')
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Emphasized^c Solid-Substantial^c ToughToEat^c Hardy^c Emphatic^c Tough^c Stronger^c Overwhelming^c Robust^c HardToResist^c Irresistible^c Powerful^c PhysicallyFit^c Heavy-Duty^c

StrongForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StrongForce`
Description	The ''StrongForce'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' with very short range that serves to hold together the .Quarks inside an ''AtomicNucleus''. `NOTE that as a ''Phenomenon'' this is a type of ''Event'', which seems a bit odd, but a situation 'holding things together' can be considered as a static Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strong force' in WordNet: 1. strong interaction, strong force, color force - ((physics) the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms; mediated by gluons)`
Super-classes	AttractiveForce^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Motion^c occursAt^op value AtomicNucleus^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op value Quark^c

Strongbox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strongbox`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strongbox' in WordNet: 1. strongbox, deedbox - (a strongly made box for holding money or valuables; can be locked)`
Super-classes	Box^c
Sub-classes	Till^c CashRegister^c

Stronger^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stronger

Description

''Stronger'' is the comparative form of ''Strong''. As an attribute value, this means that the Object with this attribute has more strength (of a certain type) than either (1) another object, or (2) the same object at a different time.

       No comparative sense is explicitly represented in WordNet.

       The inclusion of a comparative as an AttributeValue rather than
         just a text string is to allow more perspicuous representation of
         verbs and Events that cause an increase or decrease in some
         quality or quantity.

Super-classes Strong^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Stronghold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stronghold`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stronghold' in WordNet: 1. stronghold, fastness - (a strongly fortified defensive structure)`
Super-classes	PlaceWithMilitarySignificance^c DefensiveStructure^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Fortification^c
Sub-classes	Fortress^c Bastion^c

Strongly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strongly

Description

''Strongly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues or ''MentalEvent''s to indicate that the intensity of the feeling or mental effort or mental effect is significantly greater than average for that type of action. This does not modify PhysicalActions. ('strongly moved by the tale')

        Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'strongly' in WordNet:
            1. (20) strongly - (with strength or in a strong manner; 
            'argues very strongly for his proposal'; 'he was strongly opposed to the government')
            2. (1) powerfully, strongly - (in a powerful manner;
            'the federal government replaced the powerfully pro-settler Sir Godfrey Huggins with 
            the even tougher and more determined ex-trade unionist')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Strontium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strontium

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of strontium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called #$Calcium or CalciumStuff. (??? calcium?? Chemically similar,but not the same!!)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strontium' in WordNet:
          1. strontium, Sr, atomic number 38 - 
             (a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group;
             turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite)

Super-classes AlkaliMetal^c
SolidSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Structural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Structural

Description

''Structural'' is the attribute pertaining to anything related to a ''Structure'' or ''Constructing'' or a ''ConstructionObject' (as in 'structural steel').

    Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'structural' in WordNet:
       1. (6) structural - (relating to or caused by structure, especially 
           political or economic structure; 'structural unemployment in a 
           technological society')
   2. (2) structural - (relating to or having or characterized by structure; 
      'structural engineer'; 'structural errors'; 'structural simplicity')
       3. (1) structural - (affecting or involved in structure or construction; 
            'the structural details of a house such as beams and joists and rafters; 
            not ornamental elements'; 'structural damage')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

StructuralBeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StructuralBeam`
Description	A ''StructuralBeam'' is a rigid solid object used as part of a structure support the part(s) of the structure on top of it. It May be installed in a ''Horizontal'' or ''Vertical'' position, or even diagonally, as with steel beams in structures.This should have a minimum length - two meters? `CYC: 'Beam-Construction' This is the collection of #$Beams used in construction. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beam' in WordNet: 2. (9) beam - (long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinThing^c Beam^c ConstructionObject^c RigidObject^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value RectangularParallelepiped^c hasShape^op value RectangularParallelepipedLike^c
Sub-classes	WoodenBeam^c Rafter^c SteelBeam^c Keel^c

StructuralMember^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StructuralMember`
Description	This styp repreents a signifiant supporting object that is part of any ArtifactObject large enough to bear weight and need supports. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'structural member' in WordNet: 1. structural member - (support that is a constituent part of any structure or building)`
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	Beam^c Chassis^c Brace^c UprightSupport^c Sill^c

StructuralOrnamentation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StructuralOrnamentation`
Description	Each separate piece of ''StructuralOrnamentation'' is a ''Decoration'' that is affixed to some part of a ''Structure'' so that it stays in place for long periods of time. A picture hanging on a wall is a borderline included instance.
Super-classes	Ornament^c
Sub-classes	WallPaperSheet^c StainedGlassWindow^c Molding^c

StructuralSupportStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StructuralSupportStuff`
Description	COSMO note: In COSMO, StructuralSupportStuff is a Substance, not an Object. `Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$StructuralSupportStuff is a hard, rigid substance of a sort that typically provides some kind of structural support. Specializations include #$Wood, #$BoneTheStuff, and #$StoneStuff.`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Wood^c Stone^c BoneTheStuff^c

Structure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Structure`
Description	A Structure is a solid Artifact, either a ConstructionArtifact, which is intended to be used when stationary, or a mobile artifact designed to be large enough for people to stand up inside it while performing activities. This means that large ships, mobile homes, and spacecraft would be 'Structures', and a transmission tower that cannot contain people but is intended to function when stationary is also a 'Structure'. A 'JungleGym' is a borderline subtype, typically large enough for a child to stand or be supported inside. A Structure does not have to be a whole object; part of a building would also be a Structure, but it should be able to acommodate people standing, and have some separate identity (such as a room). . Also, the Structure does not have to be enclosed, so an outdoor recreation facility which is useful primarily because of the constructed artifacts it contains (e.g. a high school ball field) will also qualify - but a park that is enjoyable primarily because of the natural vegetation would not qualify. Because of the ambiguity, the most useful categories are likely to be the subtypes. `Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'structure' in WordNet; this is for artifacts, so natural 'structure's are not included, nor are devices or objects too small to contain a person (therefore a birdhouse is not a 'Structure' in this sense: in WordNet: 1. (24) structure, construction - (a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; 'the structure consisted of a series of arches'; 'she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons')`
Super-classes	HumanScaleObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c
Sub-classes	DefensiveStructure^c JungleGym^c Ruins^c BuildingFrame^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c

StructureFoundation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StructureFoundation`
Description	A ''StructureFoundation'' is a ''PhysicalUnderpinning'' for which the 'object' is a ''ConstructionArtifact'' `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'foundation' in WordNet: 4. (1) foundation, base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure - (lowest support of a structure; 'it was built on a base of solid rock'; 'he stood at the foot of the tower')`
Super-classes	PhysicalUnderpinning^c
Restrictions	supports^op some ConstructionArtifact^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some ConstructionArtifact^c

Structured^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Structured`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'structured' in Wordnet: 1. (12) structured - (having definite and highly organized structure; 'a structured environment')`
Super-classes	Ordered^c

StructuredInformationBearingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StructuredInformationBearingObject`
Description	Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationStore and #$PartiallyIntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$StructuredInformationSource is an #$InformationStore in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically). Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map; a document written in HTML (hyper-text markup language). Negative examples include computer programs, poems, and novels.
Super-classes	HumanAccessibleIBO^c InformationStore^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only StructuredInformationSource^c
Sub-classes	Form-StandardizedIBO^c

StructuredInformationSource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StructuredInformationSource`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO this type is abstract and does not include physical objects. Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationStore and #$PartiallyIntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$StructuredInformationSource is an #$InformationStore in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically). Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map; a document written in HTML (hyper-text markup language). Negative examples include computer programs, poems, and novels.
Super-classes	AbstractInformationStore^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only StructuredInformationBearingObject^c
Sub-classes	Tuple^c IndexedInformationSource^c DatabaseEntity^c

StructuringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StructuringSomething`
Description	''StructuringSomething'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' that imparts some form of structure (or 'organization') to some Group of things, physical or abstract. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'structure' in WordNet: 1. (1) structure - (give a structure to; 'I need to structure my days')`
Super-classes	DesigningEvent^c Organizing^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Group^c
Sub-classes	RestructuringSomething^c

Struggle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Struggle`
Description	A Struggle is an AttemptingActivity requiring strenuous or difficult effort, whether physical or mental, but this does not include physical conflict. The Attempt may or may not succeed. This type of 'trying with effort' may be performed only to meet the routine challenges of life or work. To 'struggle' to meet a Goal beyond the routine or self-centerd, the subtype ''Striving'' should be used. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 and verb sense 1 of 'struggle' in WordNet: 1. (16) struggle, battle - (an energetic attempt to achieve something; 'getting through the crowd was a real struggle'; 'he fought a battle for recognition') 3. (1) struggle - (strenuous effort; 'the struggle to get through the crowd exhausted her') WN verb 'struggle': 1. (13) fight, struggle - (make a strenuous or labored effort; 'She struggled for years to survive without welfare'; 'He fought for breath') WN verb 'strain': 1. (6) strive, reach, strain - (to exert much effort or energy; "straining our ears to hear")
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c
Sub-classes	Campaign^c Striving^c

Struggling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Struggling

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'struggling' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) struggling - (engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity; 
             'a financially struggling theater'; 'struggling artists')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Strumming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strumming`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'strum' in WordNet: 1. (2) strum, thrum - (sound the strings of (a string instrument); 'strum a guitar')`
Super-classes	PlayingAMusicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op value StringInstrument^c

Strut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Strut`
Description	A ''Strut'' is an auto part that supports the upright position of an automobile. In CYC 'Struts' - this type is a singular. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'strut' in WordNet: 2. strut - (brace consisting of a bar or rod used to resist longitudinal compression)`
Super-classes	Brace^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Automobile^c

Stub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stub`
Description	A ''Stub'' is a small 'RemainingPart' of Physical+Object. This is broad type including various small remaining parts, which may or may not retain some function. Here 'small' means significantly smaller than the whole original object. `Includdes noun senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'stub' in WordNet: 1. (1) stub - (a short piece remaining on a trunk or stem where a branch is lost) 2. nub, stub - (a small piece; 'a nub of coal'; 'a stub of a pencil') 3. stub, ticket stub - (a torn part of a ticket returned to the holder as a receipt) 4. stub, check stub, counterfoil - (the part of a check that is retained as a record)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

StubbingaToe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StubbingaToe`
Description	Striking one's toe unintentionally with against some SolidObject while walking, with sufficient force to cause pain, but not necessarily serious damage. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'stub' in WordNet: 4. stub - (strike (one's toe) accidentally against an object; 'She stubbed her toe in the dark and now it's broken)`
Super-classes	HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Toe^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c causes^op value SharpPain^c hadObjectStruck^op value HardObject^c occursDuring^op value HumanWalkingProcess^c

Stubble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stubble`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stubble' in WordNet: 2. stubble - (short stiff hairs growing on a man's face when he has not shaved for a few days)`
Super-classes	Beard^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

Stubborn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stubborn

Description

The attribute of someone with the trait 'StubbornStreak'.

   Not necessarily unyielding to demand - one may be 'stubborn' in 
         persisting despite difficulty
 WN    opposite: docile, yielding
     contrast to to compliant,

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stubborn' in WordNet:
       1. (5) stubborn, obstinate, unregenerate - (tenaciously unwilling 
         or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield)

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

StubbornStreak^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StubbornStreak

Description

A ''StubbornStreak'' is the trait that impels a person to be ''Stubborn'' more often than most others.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stubbornness' in WordNet:
        1. (1) stubbornness, obstinacy, obstinance, mulishness - 
          (the trait of being difficult to handle or overcome)

Super-classes BehavioralStreak^c

Stubbornly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stubbornly

Description

       Corresponds to adveerb sense 1 of 'stubbornly' in WordNet:
         1. (6) stubbornly, pig-headedly, obdurately, mulishly, obstinately, cussedly - 
           (in a stubborn unregenerate manner; 'she remained stubbornly in the same position')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Stucco^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stucco`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stucco' in WordNet: 1. (2) stucco - (a plaster now made mostly from Portland cement and sand and lime; applied while soft to cover exterior walls or surfaces)`
Super-classes	Plaster^c

Stuck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stuck

Description

This ''Stuck'' is for objects that cannot move even though the animal stuck or the Device operator wants them to move.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stuck' in Wordnet:
          1. stuck - (caught or fixed; 'stuck in the mud')

Super-classes Stationary^c

Stud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stud`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stud' in WordNet: 1. stud, he-man, macho-man - (a man who is virile and sexually active)`
Super-classes	Man^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Macho^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SexuallyPromiscuous^c

StudHorse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StudHorse`
Description	"Breeding" Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'stud' in WordNet: 4. stud, studhorse - (adult male horse kept for breeding)
Super-classes	Stallion^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ServicingaFemaleAnimal^c

StudPoker^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StudPoker

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stud poker' in WordNet:
          1. stud, stud poker - (poker in which each player receives hole cards 
             and the remainder are dealt face up; bets are placed after each card is dealt)

Super-classes PokerGame^c

Student^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Student`
Description	A Student is a Person who has a formal agreement or is registered to study some topic(s), either with an individual tutor or at some EducationalOrganization. The essence of being a Student in this sense is to have a relationship with some Agent that has agreed to provide instruction. Persons who study some topic by themselves without an instructor are not instances of this type. The Role of Student is time-sensitive, and the time interval during which a Person is a Student should be specified using the 'startedAsStudent' and 'endedAsStudent' relations. Although periods of being a Student at some institution may be disjoint, the 'wasTaughtBy' relation should be used only once for each different Teacher or School that a Student studied with. NOTE: a ''Student'' retinsa that Role right up to and including the day of Graduation or of the graduation ceremony (see ''Valedictorian''). It would be convenient to have multiple-arity relations to distinguish which 'student' was registered at which instution when (which could be represented as an Event, i.e. a subtype 'BeingaStudent' of StaticSituation). An alternative work-around would be to have 'studentship' at different institutions be subtypes of the Student Role, e.g. 'StudentAtHarvard' could be one subtype of Student. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'student' and sense 1 of 'pupil' in WordNet: 1. (68) student, pupil, educatee - (a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution)
Super-classes	Learner^c TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enrolled^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Studying^c roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value EnrollingAsaStudent^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value BeingaStudent^c
Sub-classes	Cadet^c FourYearStudent^c Collegian^c Nerd^c HumanPreschooler^c Classmate^c Pupil^c Valedictorian^c
In domain of	isStudyingAt^op endedAsStudent^op startedAsStudent^op wasTaughtBy^op

Studio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Studio`
Description	A set of rooms where some type of art activity (''VisualArtActivity'' or music or dance) is performed. Not to be confused with a 'Studio' apartment, which is an 'Apartment'. `NOTE: conforming to the Cyc 'MultiRoomUnit' definition, a Studio may in fact consist of a single room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'studio' in WordNet: 1. (15) studio - - (workplace for the teaching or practice of an art; 'she ran a dance studio'; 'the music department provided studios for their students'; 'you don't need a studio to make a passport photograph')`
Super-classes	MultiRoomUnit^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value ArtActivity^c
Sub-classes	ArtStudio^c

Studious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Studious`
Description	''Studious' is a subtype of ''Diligent'' characterizing a Person (especially but not only a ''Student'') who is diligently persuing a learning process by reading a lot. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'studious' in WordNet: 2. bookish, studious - (characterized by diligent study and fondness for reading; 'a bookish farmer who always had a book in his pocket'; 'a quiet studious child')`
Super-classes	Diligent^c Scholarly^c
Sub-classes	Fiber-Optic^c Nerdy^c

Studying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Studying`
Description	Attempting to learn by looking over books, papers, notes, etc. and trying to understand some topic or topics, including doing practice tests and homework assignments. ''DoingAHomeworkAssignment'' is a subtype. This type is a subtype of ''Training'' (a learning how to do something) because it is a learning of information that will (often though not always) be useful in performing actions requiring knowledge. This includes academic studying as well as attempts to learn things in non-academic situations, but the state of being a student is represented by a different type 'BeingaStudent'. This type is a broad sense of 'study' and there are several distinguishable subtypes, including 'DataAnalysis'. However, scientific experimental research is a separate activity represented as 'Experiment' and 'ResearchProject'. `Includes verb senses 1, 4, and 5 of 'study' in WordNet; the subsense 2, to be a student, is represented by the subtype 'BeingaStudent': in WordNet: 4. (15) learn, study, read, take - (be a student of a certain subject; 'She is reading for the bar exam') 5. (5) study, hit the books - (learn by reading books; 'He is studying geology in his room'; 'I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now')`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c AttemptingActivity^c Training^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	DoingAHomeworkAssignment^c AnalyzingSomething^c Surveying^c

Stuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stuff`
Description	'Stuff' is an 'ObjectGroup' each element of which is an 'UnspecifiedObject'. This can be applied to any collection of objects, such as stuff in the attic, stuff in a trunk, stuff on a shelf or in a cabinet. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'stuff' in WordNet: 2. (5) stuff - (miscellaneous unspecified objects; 'the trunk was full of stuff')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Heterogeneous^c hasComponentElement^op only UnspecifiedObject^c
Sub-classes	Knicknacks^c

Stuffed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stuffed`
Description	For an object to be ''Stuffed'' is to have had some material put into it so that the volume of its contents is equal to the capacity, and no more contents can be added. This is a specialization of the parent attribute ''Full'' in that the material added is some form of particulate solid material (see subtype ''StuffedWithPadding''). This is often used for soft objects with fabric outer layer such as pillows and ''Comforter''s, but also can be used of other things like turkeys. To be 'filled' with people is a different concept. This can also be used for shipping containers like boxes that have had their empty space filled with packing material to absorb shock. `For 'stuffed' toys, use subtype ''StuffedWithPadding''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stuffed' in WordNet: 1. (1) stuffed - (filled with something; 'a stuffed turkey')`
Super-classes	Full^c
Sub-classes	StuffedWithPadding^c StuffedWithFood^c

StuffedAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StuffedAnimal`
Description	A ''StuffedAnimal'' is a ''Model-Artifact'' designed to resemble some NonHumanANimal and stuffed (''StuffedWithPadding'')
Super-classes	Model-Artifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value StuffedWithPadding^c resembles^op some BeastType^c
Sub-classes	TeddyBear^c

StuffedToy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StuffedToy`
Description	A ''StuffedToy'' is a ''Toy'' that is a ''Model-Artifact'' that is a ''Copy'' of some PhysicalObject, having a sotft fexible surface, usually of fabric, or plastic, and ''Stuffed'' with a soft material. This is used as a Toy for the amusement of children.
Super-classes	Toy^c ToyReplica^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value StuffedWithPadding^c
Sub-classes	TeddyBear^c

StuffedWithFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StuffedWithFood`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'stuffed' in Wordnet: 2. stuffed - (crammed with food; 'a full stomach'; 'I feel stuffed')`
Super-classes	Stuffed^c

StuffedWithPadding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StuffedWithPadding

Description

For an object to be ''StuffedWithPadding'' is to be ''Stuffed'' with a material that is some form of particulate or fibrous solid material (such as cotton) or a soft foam-like material,such as . This is often used for soft objects with fabric outer layer such as pillows and ''Comforter''s and ''StuffedToy''s.

         Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'stuffed' (not for
         Containers or Turkeys or other foods) in WordNet:
           1. (1) stuffed - (filled with something; 'a stuffed turkey')

Super-classes Stuffed^c

Stuffing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stuffing`
Description	''Stuffing'' is a soft granular mixture of Foodstuffs 'stuffed' into a solid FoodObject with a cavity in it. This is broad, but a common exaple is the breaded stuffing placed into the thoracic cavity of a Fowl (Turkey or Chicken) before it is cooked, and taken out afterward and served as a separate course in a meal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stuffing' in WordNet: 1. stuffing, dressing - (a mixture of seasoned ingredients used to stuff meats and vegetables)`
Super-classes	FoodConcoction^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value StuffingaFoodObject^c

StuffingThingsIntoaContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StuffingThingsIntoaContainer`
Description	Each instance of 'StuffingThingsIntoaContainer' involves both putting things into a container ('Packing') and causing their volume to decrease ('Compacting'); this is for physical objects only, but includes cases of putting gas into a container (often a cylinder) to create a container of compressed gas; a quantity of a gas is a PhysicalObject in COSMO. This is only for acts in which material becomes compressed; to 'stuff' a dead poodle would only be an example if the stuffing material is compressed in the process, 'Thrusting a letter into his hand' is not an example, as the letter does not get compressed and the hand is not a container. 'Stuffing an envelope with money' is not an instance because the money does not get compressed. 'Stuffing a suitcase with clothes' is an instance, since the clothes do become compressed from their original shape. `Includes parts of verb senses 1, 2 and 6 of 'stuff' in WordNet: 1. (5) stuff - (fill completely; 'The child stuffed his pockets with candy') 2. (4) thrust, stuff, shove, squeeze - (press or force; 'Stuff money into an envelope"; 'She thrust the letter into his hand') 6. stuff - (fill tightly with a material; 'stuff a pillow with feathers'; 'The old lady wants to have her dead poodle stuffed by the taxidermist')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Container^c
Sub-classes	Cramming^c StuffingaFoodObject^c

StuffingaFoodObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StuffingaFoodObject

Description

''StuffingaFoodObject'' is a 'StuffingThingsIntoaContainer' where the 'container' is a FoodObject with a cavity, prior to cooking the FoodObject.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stuff' in WordNet:
           7. farce, stuff - (fill with a stuffing while cooking;
               'Have you stuffed the turkey yet?')

Super-classes StuffingThingsIntoaContainer^c

Stuffy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stuffy

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stuffy' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) airless, close, stuffy, unaired - (lacking fresh air;
              'a dusty airless attic'; 'the dreadfully close atmosphere'; 
              'hot and stuffy and the air was blue with smoke')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Stumbling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stumbling

Description

An Action in which an Animal, in the process of Ambulation, misses a step (usually unintentionally) and either almost loses balance, then recovers, or falls to the ground. NOTE that the sliding action of a 'slip' is not included unless it causes a loss of balance.

      Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stumble' and verb sense 1 of 'trip' 
        and noun sense 3 of 'trip' in WordNet:
      WN 'stumble':
        1. (2) stumble, trip - (miss a step and fall or nearly fall;
           'She stumbled over the tree root')
      WN noun 'trip':
        3. slip, trip - (an accidental misstep threatening (or causing)
           a fall; 'he blamed his slip on the ice'; 'the jolt caused 
           many slips and a few spills')

Super-classes Motion^c
BodyMovementEvent^c

Stump^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stump`
Description	A ''Stump'' is a short 'RemainingPart' of a Plant trunk or limb. This includes all stumps from organisms; a 'tree stump' by itself would be a subtype - if needed. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'stump' in WordNet: 1. (5) stump, tree stump - (the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled) 2. (1) stump - (the part of a limb or tooth that remains after the rest is removed)`
Super-classes	PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c

Stunning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stunning

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stunning' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) arresting, sensational, stunning - (commanding attention; 
         'an arresting drawing of people turning into animals'; 
         'a sensational concert-one never to be forgotten'; 'a stunning performance')

Super-classes Interesting^c

StunningSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StunningSomeone`
Description	''StunningSomeone'' is an''AmazingSomeone'' Action that causes temporary mental incomprehension or disbelief, or uncertainty about how to react `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stun' in Wordnet: 2. stun, bedaze, daze - (overcome as with astonishment or disbelief; 'The news stunned her')`
Super-classes	Action^c AmazingSomeone^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Confusion^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Dazed^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stunning^c

StunninglyBeautiful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StunninglyBeautiful

Description

A high intensity of 'Beautiful', specifically applied to women..

     NOTE in Cyc this is a type of object, which is a different
        way of expressing attributes than in COSMO.

Super-classes Dazzling^c
GoodLooking^c
Gorgeous^c
Pretty^c

Stunt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stunt`
Description	A ''Stunt'' is some Action that most people can't do. `NOTE: the term 'stunt' is sometimes used for Actions that are improper as well as unusual ('pull a stunt like that'), but that meaning is not included here. Evel Knievel was noted for performing dangerous ''Stunt''s on a motorcycle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stunt' in WordNet: 1. (2) stunt - (a difficult or unusual or dangerous feat; usually done to gain attention)`
Super-classes	Feat^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Difficult^c

Stunted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stunted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stunted' in Wordnet: 1. scrawny, scrubby, stunted - (inferior in size or quality; 'scrawny cattle'; 'scrubby cut-over pine'; 'old stunted thorn trees')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

StuntingGrowth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StuntingGrowth`
Description	A ''StuntingGrowth'' is an ''Impeding'' caused by natural or human factors that limit the 'growth' of an Organism, whether physically or mentally. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stunt' in WordNet: 1. (1) stunt - (check the growth or development of; 'You will stunt your growth by building all these muscles')`
Super-classes	Impeding^c LimitingAction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some (EventType^c or PhysicalProcess^c or ProcessType^c or GrowingEvent^c or Development^c or MentalDevelopment^c) objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stunted^c

Stupid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stupid`
Description	'Stupid' is the attribute of someone who has a significantly lower than average intelligence. It is the opposite of 'Intelligent'. Intelligence has multiple aspects, and this is a region within the meaning of the broadest sense of intelligence. This attribute characterizes persons; to call an action 'stupid' is a different sense, meaning that it appears to have been performed by a Stupid person - this sense is closer to sense 2 in RHW: 'characterized by or proceeding from mental dullness; foolish; senseless: a stupid question.' and that sense is represented by the AttributeValue 'IncompetentlyPerformed' NOTE: the term 'dull-witted' is an approximate synonym for this concept, but that term has no entry in WN. RHW 'dull-witted': mentally slow; stupid. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'stupid' and sense 1 of 'unintelligent' and sense 1 of 'dumb' in WordNet: 1. (10) stupid - (lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity) 3. unintelligent, stupid - (lacking intelligence; 'a dull job with lazy and unintelligent co-workers') WN adjective 'dumb': 1. (9) dense, dim, dull, dumb, obtuse, slow - (slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity; 'so dense he never understands anything I say to him'; 'never met anyone quite so dim'; 'although dull at classical learning, at mathematics he was uncommonly quick'- Thackeray; 'dumb officials make some really dumb decisions'; 'he was either normally stupid or being deliberately obtuse'; 'worked with the slow students')
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	FeebleMinded^c SimpleMinded^c Moronic^c DimWitted^c Retarded^c Featherbrained^c

StupidPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StupidPerson`
Description	A ''StupidPerson'' is someone who has either a lower-than-average level of general intelligence or who lacks the ability to think rationally, or consistently makes poor decisions. These terms are generally considered as insultingly impolite. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'simpleton' and noun sense 2 of 'dummy' in WordNet: 1. simpleton, simple - (a person lacking intelligence or common sense) WN noun 'dummy': 2. dumbbell, dummy, dope, boob, booby, pinhead - (an ignorant or foolish person) WN noun 'dimwit': 1. dimwit, nitwit, half-wit, doofus - (a stupid incompetent person)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stupid^c
Sub-classes	Doofus^c Blockhead^c Moron^c

Sturgeon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sturgeon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sturgeon' in WordNet: 1. sturgeon - (large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in the North Temperate Zone)`
Super-classes	Ganoid^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Caviar^c

Stutter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stutter`
Description	A ''Stutter'' is a ''SpeechDisorder'' that hinders people from speaking in a normal rhythm, and may cause halting and repetition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stutter' in WordNet: 1. stammer, stutter - (a speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds)`
Super-classes	SpeechDisorder^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Speaking^c

Stuttering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stuttering

Description

''Stuttering'' is a ''Speaking'' in which a person talks in a halting maner, at a rhythm not flowing smoothly as in normal speec, with oasional repretitionof words or syllables.

         Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stutter' in WordNet:
           1. (2) bumble, stutter, stammer, falter - (speak haltingly; 
              'The speaker faltered when he saw his opponent enter the room')

Super-classes Speaking^c

Style^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Style`
Description	A ''Style'' is a subtype of a grouping of things (ArtifactObjects or Actions) with some common attribute (a 'category', 'kind', or 'sort') where the common Attribute is a subAttribute of ''AppearanceAttribute''. This type is used mostly to refer to the impression that the elements of the characterized Group make on people when observed visually. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'style' in WordNet: 1. (307) style - (a particular kind (as to appearance); 'this style of shoe is in demand')
Super-classes	Sort^c

StylePreference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StylePreference`
Description	Each 'StylePreference' is a BehaviorPreference that relates to Behavior exhibiting a person's individual taste regarding what clothes to wear, what food to eat, what recreations to enjoy, and other behaviors that have no significant impact on other people.. `Corresponds to part of sense 4 of 'style' in WordNet: 4. (66) dash, elan, flair, panache, style - (distinctive and stylish elegance; 'he wooed her with the confident dash of a cavalry officer')`
Super-classes	BehaviorPreference^c
Sub-classes	Fashion^c

StylingHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StylingHair`
Description	''StylingHair'' is the act of 'Beautifying'' a Person's appearance by shaping the hair in some attractive style. `Corresponds to part verb sense 2 of 'style' (specific for styling Hair) in WordNet: 2. style - (make consistent with a certain fashion or style; 'Style my hair'; 'style the dress')`
Super-classes	Beautifying^c ShapingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value HairOnHead^c

Stylish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stylish`
Description	A QualitativeAttributeValue of People who dress or behave according to the current social fashions. This term 'stylish' can characterize either appearance or behavior, but this type represents the atribute of manners of dress. For 'stylish' as applied to behavior or objects such as decoration or places that are decorated in a pleasing and popular manner, use type 'Fashionable'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'fashionable' in WordNet; note that the usage 'stylish resort' is not part of this type, but is represented in COSMO by 'Fashionable' in WordNet: 2. stylish, fashionable - (having elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress; 'a little less posh but every bit as stylish as Lord Peter Wimsey'; 'the stylish resort of Gstadd')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	DressedUp^c Snazzy^c Chic^c Jaunty^c Funky^c

StylishManner^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StylishManner

Description

'StylishManner' is a ''BehavioralManner'' of people that is appreciated by other people as being noticeably attractive or pleasant, or exhibiting a confident expertise. The meaning of 'style' in this phrase includes ''WearingFashionableClothing''. Other forms of behavior may be characterized as being examples of ''StylishManner'' but are not yet represented. Perhaps some manners of speaking? In the WN gloss some manner of 'wooing' have 'dash' - any specific examples.

      Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'style' in WordNet:
       4. (66) dash, elan, flair, panache, style - (distinctive and stylish elegance;
             'he wooed her with the confident dash of a cavalry officer')

Super-classes BehavioralManner^c

Stylishness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stylishness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stylishness' in WordNet: 1. chic, chicness, chichi, modishness, smartness, stylishness, swank, last word - (elegance by virtue of being fashionable)`
Super-classes	Elegance^c

Stylistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stylistic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stylistic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stylistic - (of or relating to style (especially in the use of language); 'stylistic devices')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Stylization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stylization`
Description	'Stylization'' is a ''Modification'' which the shape of some visible Object is changed to make it conform more closely to some style' desired for some purpose. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stylize' in Wordnet: 1. stylize, stylise, conventionalize - (represent according to a conventional style; 'a stylized female head') WN noun 'stylization': 1. (2) stylization, stylisation - (the act of stylizing; causing to conform to a particular style)`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Stylized^c

Stylized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stylized`
Description	''Modified'' can characterize Procedures or Objects, Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stylized' in Wordnet: 1. (1) conventionalized, conventionalised, stylized, stylised - (using artistic forms and conventions to create effects; not natural or spontaneous; 'a stylized mode of theater production')
Super-classes	Modified^c

Stylus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Stylus`
Description	A ''Stylus'' is a ''HandTool'' that is about the size and shape of a ''Pencil'', with a pointy end,with several subtypes,each used for a different purpose, such as engraving or writing. One type is used with computer screens that are touch sensitive, to allow more precision than possible when touching the screen with a finger. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stylus' in WordNet: 2. stylus, style - (a pointed tool for writing or drawing or engraving; 'he drew the design on the stencil with a steel stylus')`
Super-classes	HandTool^c HandSizedObject^c LongAndThinObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PointyEnded^c hasShape^op value Cylindrical^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.5^c

Styrene^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Styrene`
Description	`NOTE:CYC has an entry 'StyreneMonomer' that appears to be identical in meaning to ''Styrene'' but it is unclear why the differentiation - perhaps something to do with the way CYC treats polymers and their monomer elements. CYC 'StyreneMonomer': A specialization of #$Monomer. Each instance of #$StyreneMonomer is a sample of C6H5CH:CH2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'styrene' in WordNet: 1. styrene, cinnamene, phenylethylene, vinylbenzene - (a colorless oily liquid; the monomer for polystyrene)`
Super-classes	Hydrocarbon^c AromaticCompound^c Petrochemical^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Styrofoam^c

Styrofoam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Styrofoam`
Description	CYC:styrofoam `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'styrofoam' in WordNet: 1. (1) Styrofoam - (a light resilient foam of polystyrene)`
Super-classes	Padding^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Styrene^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fluffy^c

StyrofoamPeanut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StyrofoamPeanut`
Description	A specialization of #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of this collection is a peanut-shaped piece of #$Styrofoam, whose primary function is to fill the empty spaces in #$MailableObjects.
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Styrofoam^c canBeUsedInAction^op value Shipping^c

SubAtomicParticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubAtomicParticle`
Description	A specialization #$MicroscopicScaleObject and #$InanimateObject-Natural. Each instance of #$SubAtomicParticle is a physical particle smaller than the smallest atom. Major subcollections of #$SubAtomicParticle include #$Electron, #$Proton, and #$Neutron. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subatomic particle' in WordNet: 1. (1) particle, subatomic particle - (a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions)`
Super-classes	SubatomicObject^c
Sub-classes	Lepton^c Neutrino^c Quark^c ElementaryParticle^c Photon^c

SubConscious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubConscious`
Description	The ''SubConscious'' is the part of the 'Mind' that is not present in the conscious mental processes, and not directly accessible to remembering. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subconscious' in WordNet: 1. subconscious mind, subconscious - (psychic activity just below the level of awareness)`
Super-classes	Mind^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonConscious^c

SubEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubEvent`
Description	Added to integrate BFO ''FiatProcessPart''
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	ProcessBoundary^c BeginningOfAnEvent^c FiatProcessPart^c EndingOfAnEvent^c

SubGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubGroup`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subgroup' in WordNet: 1. (1) subgroup - (a distinct and often subordinate group within a group)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op value Group^c

SubHumanIntelligence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubHumanIntelligence`
Description	A low level of intelligence - inadequate to support use of a human language, but enabling some manipulation of symbols. It is found in some primates and dolphins, and perhaps other animals.
Super-classes	Intelligence^c

SubSaharan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubSaharan

Description

''SubSaharan'' is the Attribute of the ''GeographicalArea'' ''SubSaharanAfrica'', and of the people and climate and life forms that live there.

      RHW adj. 'sub-Saharan':
        of, pertaining to, or in Africa south of the Sahara Desert:
           a sub-Saharan country; sub-Saharan peoples.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SubatomicObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubatomicObject`
Description	A specialization of MicroscopicScaleObject, each instance of which is smaller than an atom. The borderline case is a proton, which is the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, but might also be considered as the ion of a hydrogen atom. `This subsumes atomic nuclei and subatomic particles, but does not include any atomic ion that contains at least one electron in orbit around the nucleus.`
Super-classes	MicroscopicScaleObject^c
Sub-classes	AtomicNucleus^c SubAtomicParticle^c

Subcommittee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subcommittee`
Description	A ''Subcommittee'' is an ''Organization'', not a ''GroupOfPeople'', and is part of a ''Committee''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subcommittee' in WordNet: 1. (1) subcommittee - (a subset of committee members organized for a specific purpose)`
Super-classes	Committee^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op some Committee^c

Subculture^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subculture

Description

A Subculture is a Culture associated with an identifiable subgroup within a larger GroupOfPeople

      From the Palomar Cultural Anthropology glossary:
      'a regional, social, or ethnic group that is distinguishable from other 
       groups in a society.  Members of a subculture often share a common identity,
       food tradition, dialect or language, and other cultural traits that come from
       their common ancestral background and experience.  Subcultures are 
       most likely to exist in complex, diverse societies, such as the U.S. and 
       Canada, in which people have come from many different parts of the world.'

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subculture' in Wordnet:
         1. subculture - (a social group within a national culture that has
           distinctive patterns of behavior and beliefs)

Super-classes Culture^c

Subdivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subdivision`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'subdivision' in WordNet: 4. section, subdivision - (a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical); 'he always turns first to the business section'; 'the history of this work is discussed in the next section')`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c Section^c ConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	Clause^c

SubduingByForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubduingByForce`
Description	''SubduingByForce'' is a ''SuppressingActivity'' (restraining a Group) by the use of force. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subdue' in WordNet: 1. (2) repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce - (put down by force or intimidation; 'The government quashes any attempt of an uprising'; 'China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently'; 'The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land') 2. (2) suppress, stamp down, inhibit, subdue, conquer, curb - (to put down by force or authority; 'suppress a nascent uprising'; 'stamp down on littering'; 'conquer one's desires')`
Super-classes	Repression^c SuppressingActivity^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op value GroupOfPeople^c hasSubEvent^op value ViolentAction^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c
Sub-classes	Dampening^c Crackdown^c

SubjectOfaSentence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubjectOfaSentence`
Description	A 'SubjectOfaSentence' is the part of a Sentence (word or phrase that) that is considered as the Subject by grammarians; it is the thing that is ditinct from the Predicate, and about which the Predicate asserts some facts. In passive sentences the Subject may be the logical Patient of an action. There may be some variationin usage: in Japanese, the formal 'subject' is marked by the particle 'ga' but many sentences use only the topic-marker 'wa'. Whether one considers the topic (as in Japanese) to be a 'subject' is for the specific grammatical theory to determine. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'subject' in WordNet: 7. (9) subject - ((grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated)`
Super-classes	NounPhrase^c CaseRole^c
Sub-classes	SubjectPronoun^c

SubjectOfanImage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubjectOfanImage

Description

A 'SubjectOfanImage' is the main Topic of an image (photograph, drawing, painting) and is here the AbstractImage that comprises that portion of the image that is not background. it is related to the PhysicalObject depicted (if it is real and not imaginary) by the relation 'depictsObject'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'subject' in Wordnet:
         4. (113) subject, content, depicted object - (something (a person or object or scene)
           selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation;
           'a moving picture of a train is more dramatic than a still picture of the same subject')

Super-classes AbstractImage^c
Topic^c

SubjectPronoun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubjectPronoun`
Description	CYC: The collection of all subject pronouns. Subject pronouns can replace the subject noun in a sentence, but not the direct object, indirect object, or oblique object noun. Example: 'he'.
Super-classes	Pronoun^c SubjectOfaSentence^c

Subjective^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subjective

Description

''Subjective'' is an EvaluativeAttribute for a MentalObject particularly Opinons or Beliefs or Comclusions, that the judgment of an IntelligentAgent regarding that entity is based on criteria that depend largely on influences such as ''Feeling''s or ''Intuition'' or bias or partisan or religious affinity. This contrasts with ''Objective''.

     NOTE: the term 'Subjective' is also applied to the quality of
          Assertions (oral orwritten) that are produced by ''Subjective''
          decision-making processes.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'subjective' in WordNet:
        1. (10) subjective - (taking place within the mind and modified by 
           individual bias; 'a subjective judgment')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

Subjectivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subjectivity`
Description	''Subjectivity'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' of people who do not conscientiously apply analytical reasoning and respect for verified factual information in making judgments, rather rely on intuition and feelings in coming to conclusions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subjectivity' in WordNet: 1. subjectivity, subjectiveness - (judgment based on individual personal impressions and feelings and opinions rather than external facts)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Feeling^c contrastsWith^op value Objectivity^c isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Subjective^c hasSubEvent^op value ThinkingIntuitively^c

Subjugation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subjugation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subjugation' in WordNet: 1. (1) subjugation, subjection - (forced submission to control by others)`
Super-classes	PersonalRelationship^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ControllingAnAgent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Involuntary^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forced^c
Sub-classes	Servitude^c

Sublimating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sublimating

Description

A specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Each instance of #$Sublimating is an event in which a piece of tangible stuff is directly transformed from a solid state to a gaseous state. See also the related collection #$SublimatingToSolid.

        Corresponds to verb sense  4 of 'sublimate' in WordNet:
          4. sublime, sublimate - (change or cause to change directly from a solid 
             into a vapor without first melting; 'sublime iodine'; 'some salts sublime when heated')

Super-classes Vaporization^c

Submarine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Submarine`
Description	A Submarine is a Vessel designed to travel under the surface of the water, usually built for military purposes. The military variety is ''MilitarySubmarine''. `CYC: #$Submarine is a specialization of #$Watercraft-Subsurface, #$Container-PressureBarrier, and #$ModernNavalShip. Each instance of #$Submarine is a pressurized vessel designed to travel underwater. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'submarine' in Wordnet (includes non-military submarines, such as research vessels, often called 'submersibles' if not powered): in WordNet: 1. (7) submarine, pigboat, sub, U-boat - (a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes)`
Super-classes	Watercraft-Subsurface^c Vessel^c WaterTransportationVehicle^c
Sub-classes	Submarine-Military^c

Submarine-Military^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Submarine-Military`
Description	CYC: The collection of submarines typically used by military organizations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'submarine' in Wordnet (includes non-military submarines, such as research vessels, often called 'submersibles' if not powered): in WordNet: 1. (7) submarine, pigboat, sub, U-boat - (a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes)`
Super-classes	MilitaryWatercraft^c Weapon^c ModernNavalShip^c MilitaryVessel^c Submarine^c
Restrictions	typicallyUsesDevice^op value Torpedo^c

SubmarineSandwich^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubmarineSandwich`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$Sandwich. Each instance of #$SubmarineSandwich is a large sandwich made with a crusty roll of bread that has been cut lengthwise and filled with some combination of meat, cheese, condiments, and vegetables. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'submarine sandwich' in WordNet: 1. bomber, grinder, hero, hero sandwich, hoagie, hoagy, Cuban sandwich, Italian sandwich, poor boy, sub, submarine, submarine sandwich , torpedo, wedge, zep - (a large sandwich made of a long crusty roll split lengthwise and filled with meats and cheese (and tomato and onion and lettuce and condiments); different names are used in different sections of the United States)`
Super-classes	Sandwich^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Meat^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value VegetableMatter^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value Cheese^c hasPhysicalPart^op value LongRoll^c hasCrossSectionalShape^op value Ellipse^c

Submerged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Submerged`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'submerged' in Wordnet: 1. (2) submerged, submersed, underwater - (beneath the surface of the water; 'submerged rocks')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SubmergingInWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubmergingInWater`
Description	A subtype of ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'' in which the 'liquid' is''Water''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'submerge' in WordNet: 3. submerge, submerse - (put under water; 'submerge your head completely') WN verb 'dunk': 1. (1) dunk, dip, souse, plunge, douse - (immerse briefly into a liquid so as to wet, coat, or saturate; 'dip the garment into the cleaning solution'; 'dip the brush into the paint')`
Super-classes	ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid^c Soaking^c
Restrictions	isIntoInteriorOf^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Brewing^c

Submission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Submission`
Description	A ''Submission'' is an ''OriginalScript'' ( a 'manuscript', but not usually hadwritten) of an Article submitted for publication in some Periodical. NOTE: there are at least two senses of ''Entry'' that can be related to the WN sysnset 4 for 'entry', a Person enering into a competition and a manuscript submitted for publication. This is for the manuscript, whch can be in paper or electronic form. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'submission' in WordNet: 1. (3) submission, entry - (something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition); 'several of his submissions were rejected by publishers'; 'what was the date of submission of your proposal?')
Super-classes	OriginalScript^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedRecipient^op value PeriodicalPublisher^c

SubmittingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubmittingSomething`
Description	Sending or handing over a document (which can be electronic) to another Person or group of people for some form of consideration or decision. Broadly, this is the transfer of some information to a part in the expectation that that person(s) will perform some action on the basis of that submission. This can be a completed examination, a filled-in form, a manuscript for publication, a proposal, or anything that might be the subject of revview or judgment. `Icludes verb sense 1 of 'submit' and part of verb sense 4 of 'refer' in WordNet: 1. (12) submit, subject - (refer for judgment or consideration; 'She submitted a proposal to the agency') WN verb 'refer': 4. (6) refer - (send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision; 'refer a patient to a specialist'; 'refer a bill to a committee')`
Super-classes	SendingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some IntelligentAgent^c hadThingTransferred^op some (Document-Physical^c or InformationObject^c or AbstractDocument^c)

Suboptimal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suboptimal

Description

''Suboptimal'' characterizes Actions and results that are not as good as they could be.

      No  WN sense for 'suboptimal'.
      RHUDEL 'suboptimal': being below an optimal level or standard.

Super-classes Ineffective^c
Undesirable^c

Subordinate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subordinate`
Description	A ''Subordinate'' is a ''Helper'' who directly reports to a ''Supervisor'' in an Organization with a formal hierarchy. ~ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subordinate' in WordNet: 1. (3) subordinate, subsidiary, underling, foot soldier - (an assistant subject to the authority or control of another)
Super-classes	Helper^c
Restrictions	isSupervisedBy^op some Supervisor^c performsAction^op value ReportingToaManager^c
Sub-classes	Deputy^c Aide^c

SubordinatingConjunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubordinatingConjunction`
Description	Cyc: The collection of all conjunctions which can introduce a subordinate clause. Example: 'after'. `Common Subordinating conjunctions: after how till ( or 'til) although if unless as inasmuch until as if in order that when as long as lest whenever as much as now that where as soon as provided (that) wherever as though since while because so that before than even if that even though though`
Super-classes	Conjunction^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whatever http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#than http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#wherever http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whoever http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#after http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#provided_that http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#because http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#so_that http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#although http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#while http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#why http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#even_though http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whenever http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#lest http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#as_much_as http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#until http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#who http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#which http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#what http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#wherein http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whom http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#that http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whose http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#now_that http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#as http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#if http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#though http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#till http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#as_though http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whether http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#since http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inasmuch_as http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#when http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#whichever http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#unless http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#as_soon_as http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#where http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#in_order_that http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#as_if http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#as_long_as http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#how

Suborganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suborganization`
Description	Each 'Suborganization' is an Organization that is a proper part of some other Organization, related by the relation 'isaSubOrganizationOf'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'unit' in WordNet: 3. (9) unit, social unit - (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; 'the coach said the offensive unit did a good job'; 'after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit')`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	isaSubOrganizationOf^op some Organization^c
Sub-classes	Division^c Commission^c AssociationAuxiliary^c AssociationChapter^c Department^c PoliticalUnit^c MilitaryUnit^c AdministrativeUnit^c

Subpoena^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subpoena`
Description	A ''Subpoena'' is a ''Summoning'' issued by a Court to require a Person to appear, and in some cases, to bring specified document(s) (a 'subpoena duces tecum'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subpoena' in WordNet: 1. subpoena, subpoena ad testificandum - (a writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court)`
Super-classes	Writ^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value ServingaSubpoena^c

Subscale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subscale`
Description	A ''Subscale'' is a ''RatingScale'' that is a distinguishable part of a larger ''RatingScale''. `No sense of 'subscale' in WN or RHW: From Merriam-Webster online: Definition of subscale: : a scale used to obtain a rating or measurement that contributes to a rating or measurement on a larger scale. 'The overall score on this scale is the sum of scores on the four subscales.'; 'The 90 symptoms form nine subscales and three measures of overall distress.' - Marjorie Chary Feinson`
Super-classes	RatingScale^c
Restrictions	isaSubgroupOf^op value RatingScale^c

Subscriber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subscriber`
Description	A ''Subscriber'' is the ''LegalAgent'' (usually a Person) who performs a ''SubscribingToaPeriodical'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'subscriber' in WordNet: 2. subscriber, reader - (someone who contracts to receive and pay for a service or a certain number of issues of a publication)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SubscribingToaPeriodical^c

SubscribingToaPeriodical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubscribingToaPeriodical`
Description	''SubscribingToaPeriodical'' is a ''MakingaTwoAgentContract'' between a ''Subscriber'' and a ''PeriodicalPublisher'' `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'subscribe' in WordNet: 5. subscribe, subscribe to, take - (receive or obtain by regular payment; 'We take the Times every day')`
Super-classes	MakingaTwoAgentContract^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Subscription^c isPerformedBy^op value Subscriber^c

Subscription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subscription`
Description	A '''Subscripton'' is a ''TwoAgentDeal'' in which a Publisher of some Periodical agrees to deliver the issues of that periodical over some period of time in return for some 'Payment'' that may be a ''One-TimePayment'' or a ''PayingPeriodically''. `NOTE: in WN a 'subscription' is a 'payment' but it appears closer to a 'contract' and is classified as such in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subscription' in WordNet: 1. (1) subscription - (a payment for consecutive issues of a newspaper or magazine for a given period of time)`
Super-classes	TwoAgentDeal^c Contract^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op some PeriodicalPublisher^c isTheResultOf^op some SubscribingToaPeriodical^c wasCreatedBy^op some Subscriber^c

Subsequent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subsequent`
Description	''Subsequent'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing (usually an Event or state) modified existed or will exist or is expected to exist after another event of the same type.. Compare ''Prior'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'subsequent' and part of adjective sense 1 of 'later' (only the comparative) in WordNet: 1. (5) subsequent - (following in time or order; 'subsequent developments') WN adj 'later': 1. (16) future, later, ulterior - (coming at a subsequent time or stage; 'the future president entered college at the age of 16'; 'awaiting future actions on the bill'; 'later developments'; 'without ulterior argument')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	PostWar^c Eventual^c

Subset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subset`
Description	A ''Subset'' is a ''SetMathematical'' that is a part of another ''SetMathematical''. A ''Subset'' may have the same number of members as a ''SetMathematical'' or may have fewer members in which case it is a proper part of the parent ''SetMathematical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subset' in WordNet: 1. subset - (a set whose members are members of another set; a set contained within another set)`
Super-classes	SetMathematical^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value SetMathematical^c

Subsiding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subsiding`
Description	''Subsiding'' is a ''Weakening'' of the intensity of some process that affects other things. This is general, but is often used for ''AilmentCondition''s or weather phenomena. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subside' in WordNet: 1. (4) subside, lessen - (wear off or die down; 'The pain subsided')`
Super-classes	Weakening^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Weaker^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Strength^c

Subsidized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subsidized

Description

''Subsidized'' is the attribute of Actions that are financially supported (partly or fully) by a ''SubsidizingSomething'' Action, and of people that are paid to perform some Actions, or to people getting money for living expenses from some public (often governmental) Organization.

       Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'subsidized' (includes
         sources of subsidies other than governmental) in Wordnet:
         1. (1) subsidized, subsidised - (having partial financial support from public funds; 
             'lived in subsidized public housing')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SubsidizingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubsidizingSomething`
Description	A 'SubsidizingSomething'' is a ''ProvidingMonetarySupport'' to an Agent to help the Agent perform some kind of activity. The amount given may only cover a part of the costs of the activity. examples: research, public service television, arts. @mod65 This may be one time or on a continuing basis. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subsidize' in WordNet: 1. (6) subsidize, subsidise - (support through subsidies; 'The arts in Europe are heavily subsidized')`
Super-classes	FundingaProject^c ProvidingMonetarySupport^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Subsidy^c

Subsidy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subsidy`
Description	A 'Subsidy'' is a ''Grant'' specifically for some type of activity that benefits the public. This is given in a ''SubsidizingSomething'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subsidy' in WordNet: 1. (1) subsidy - (a grant paid by a government to an enterprise that benefits the public; 'a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence')`
Super-classes	Grant^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op value SubsidizingSomething^c

Subsistence^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subsistence`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subsistence' in WordNet: 1. (3) subsistence - (minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting; 'social security provided only a bare subsistence')`
Super-classes	Livelihood^c

Subsisting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subsisting`
Description	''Subsisting'' is ''Living'' with only the minimum financial means to avoid starvation or homelessness. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subsist' in WordNet: 1. (1) exist, survive, live, subsist - (support oneself; 'he could barely exist on such a low wage'; 'Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?'; 'Many people in the world have to subsist on $1 a day') WN noun 'subsistence': 2. (1) subsistence - (a means of surviving; 'farming is a hard means of subsistence')`
Super-classes	StayingInaState^c Living^c Continuation^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Subsistence^c hasConstantAttributeOrLocation^op value Alive^c

SubstanceAbuse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceAbuse`
Description	''SubstanceAbuse'' is the union of ''ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption'' and ''DrugAbuse''. `This type is broader than both RHW (includes sort-term excessive alcohol ingestion) and WN (includes alcohol not just 'drugs') RHW 'substance abuse': long-term, pathological use of alcohol or drugs, characterized by daily intoxication, inability to reduce consumption, and impairment in social or occupational functioning; broadly, alcohol or drug addiction Corresponds to art of WN noun sense 1 of 'substance abuse' in WordNet: 1. substance abuse, drug abuse, habit - (excessive use of drugs)`
Super-classes	Ingesting^c
Sub-classes	DrugAbuse^c ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption^c

SubstanceAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceAttributeValue`
Description	Each subtype of 'SubstanceAttributeValue' is an AttributeValue that asserts some relationship of something to a PhysicalSubstance.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Edible^c Acidic^c Nutritious^c Satisfying^c CompositionAttributeValue^c Woolen^c Organic^c

SubstanceByState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceByState`
Description	This type represents, among other things, the three traditional 'states' of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and the fourth 'state' ''Plasma' - recognized by physicists, but in COSMO these notions are nto repreented as 'states', rather as subtypes of ''PhysicalSubstance'', of which there are numerous subtypes. The 'state of matter' entry in WordNet is included here, bt if there is areason to treat that notion differently, the four COSMO entries to include or re-represent would be: ''SolidSunstance '' ''FluidSubstance'' and its subtypes ''LiquidSubstance'' and ''Gas'' ''Plasma'' (WN sense 3, the 'flux' of charged particles in shapes formed by magnetic fields) A #$SecondOrderCollection and a specialization of #$ExistingStuffType (q.v.). Each instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType is a collection of pieces of tangible stuff that are all in the same distinct physical state, where the notion of physical state is a naive (as in #$NaivePhysicsMt) concept of a distinctive physical structure and/or texture. Some instances of #$TangibleStuffStateType have distinctive chemical compositions, such as #$Diamond; but for collections that are distinguished _solely_ on the basis of chemical composition, see #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. #$TangibleStuffStateType includes both (i) collections of substances that can exist only in one distinct physical state (e.g. #$Diamond again) and (ii) collections of pieces of stuff that by definition are in a certain distinct state (e.g. ice). Instances of #$TangibleStuffStateType include #$Foam, #$Rubble, and (#$LiquidFn #$Water). Note that #$Water per se is _not_ an instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType, since some water is in a gaseous state or a solid state. See also (the somewhat orthogonal) #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute. Icludes noun sense 1 of 'state of matter' and sense 1 of 'phase' in WordNet: 1. (56) phase, form - ((physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary; 'the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system') WN noun 'state of matter': 1. (3) state of matter, state - ((chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container); 'the solid state of water is called ice')
Super-classes	ExistingStuffType^c
Sub-classes	FluidSubstance^c Plasma^c SolidSubstance^c SemiSolidSubstance^c

SubstanceDensity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceDensity`
Description	A 'SubstanceDensity'' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' and a subtype of 'PhysicalSubstance' for which the instances of this type specify the density (mass/volume) for an instance of ''SubstanceType".
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isaFractionalComponentOf^op some SubstanceType^c hasDensityInGramsPerCC^dp some xsd:float^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ethanol0.5gPerCC

SubstanceGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceGroup`
Description	Each 'SubstanceGroup' is a Group consisting exclusively of PhysicalSubstances, or of instances of SubstanceType. For ordered Substancegroups (as for reaction chains), use specific subtypes.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	Explosives^c ReactionChain^c

SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceInaSpecificShape`
Description	SubstanceInaSpecificShape is a category which helps to refer to substance-like stuff which has some specific shape. To be in this category requires that a Substance be solid, so that it can retain its shape. Examples are lumber ('dimensional lumber'. e.g. 2x4s), cloth, or aluminum foil, or steel bearings. These categories might also in some cases be represented as a group of objects - reflecting a collective noun designation in grammar.
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	GranularSubstance^c SheetlikeSubstance^c HairDo^c WavyHair^c LumpSugar^c Powder^c WireStuff^c

SubstanceRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceRatio`
Description	A 'SubstanceRatio' is a special type that is intended to represent a ratio of physical substances. To avoid creating special relations, it is represented as an OrderedTrio. The first element is the first substance, the second element points to the second substance, and the third element points to the mass (weight) ratio of the first substance to the second substance, which is a dimensionless number (grams per gram, pounds per pound, etc.).
Super-classes	OrderedTrio^c AttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some SubstanceType^c hasSecondElement^op some SubstanceType^c hasThirdElement^op some RealNumber^c
In range of	hasSubstanceRatio^op

SubstanceRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceRole`
Description	A SubstanceRole is a Substance that is categorized by the Role it plays or is intended to play in some Event, such as a DrugSubstance.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c Role^c
Restrictions	canServeAsAgentInActionType^op some PhysiologicalEffect^c
Sub-classes	Impurity^c Essence^c Gook^c ShoePolish^c Denaturant^c DrugSubstance^c Inhibitor^c Ballast^c Synergist^c Barm^c Propellant^c AnimalBedding^c Biosolids^c Additive^c Substrate^c Medium^c Food^c Manure^c Adulterant^c Precipitate^c Antigen^c Humectant^c ChemicalIrritant^c Leaven^c VolatileSubstance^c Inoculum^c Solvate^c Reactant^c Catalyst^c Nutrient^c Carcinogen^c Refrigerant^c PolishStuff^c Metabolite^c Contaminant^c

SubstanceShapeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceShapeType`
Description	SubstanceShapeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances in a particular shape 'SubstanceInaSpecificShape' and an argument restriction for the isaFormOfSubstance relation. NOTE: instances are not AttributeValues, as are instances of 'ShapeType'. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	SolidSubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	FabricType^c WireType^c
Members	CrewCut TapeStuff Oilcloth WavyHair PlasticWrap Plaid Cloth Velvet WireStuff Dreadlocks Caning HairCut AluminumFoil Screening PonyTail SugarCube Felt Velveteen HairDo WaxedPaper FlockedFabric Netting PlasticFilm WrapperStuff

SubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceType`
Description	SubstanceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances and an argument restriction for the has ComponentSubstance relation. The classes that are instances of this metatype are what is usually referred to as 'substance' such as water, gold,soil. These are also subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance' A ''SubstanceType'' is a subtype of ''AgentType'' because substance can have effects on objects, particularly on the ''PhysiologicalProcess''es of Organisms. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. NOTE that a 'substance' like water is represented as both an instance of 'SubstanceType' and as a subtype of 'PhysicalSubstances'. This treatment differs from that in most other ontologies. NOTE: as of rev929, Protege 4 infers individual substances to be subtypes of 'SubstanceType' - why? Need to track that down: @ToDo! (see 'Food' - not a subtype.) All PhysicalSubstances (gold, sand, sugar) will be instances of SubstanceType and subtype of 'PhysicalSubstance'. There are also more abstract substances, among which are money and energy. The restriction on hasGrainDiameter for SubstanceTypes should require subclasses rather than instances of LengthMeasure - instances may have to be created as a workaround. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 2 of 'substance' in WordNet, but most subtypes of sense 1 are stufflike and substance-like. This is for true substances, and Objects like 'atom' are classified in COSMO as 'PhysicalObject's: In Wordnet: 1. (68) substance, matter - (that which has mass and occupies space; 'an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter') 2. (4) substance - (the stuff of which an object consists)
Super-classes	GenericSubstanceType^c AgentType^c InheritableType^c owl:Class^c
Sub-classes	FuelSubstanceType^c SolutionType^c SoupComponentType^c PorousSheetType^c OxideType^c FoodType^c HumectantType^c MixtureType^c PetroleumProductType^c DrugSubstanceType^c GaseousSubstanceType^c SemiSolidSubstanceType^c WireType^c SolventType^c SolidSubstanceType^c ChemicalSubstanceType^c SoluteType^c LiquidSubstanceType^c
In domain of	hasGrainDiameter^op isTheMainComponentSubstanceOf^op isaDriedFormOfSubstance^op isOnTheSurfaceOf^op isaSalientSubstanceOf^op
In range of	hasMainActiveIngredient^op hasMainComponentSubstance^op hasSalientSubstance^op usedSubstance^op isPreparedFromSubstance^op consumesSubstance^op isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf^op isaDriedFormOfSubstance^op hasActiveIngredient^op doesNotContainSubstance^op isaMoleculeOfSubstance^op consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance^op surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op hasParentSubstance^op hasLittleOfSubstance^op hasSolute^op consistsOfSubstance^op containsChemicalElement^op isaShapedFormOfSubstance^op hasSolubleSubstance^op containsSubstance^op inSolvent^op usesSubstance^op typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op
Members	Solder ConsumableProduct AntigenA ArtificialSubstance Amber InternalBodyFluid Cider Fir TopicalSkinApplication Custard SoybeanOil Stucco CherryPieFilling Asphalt FiberGlass Henna PlantProduct StomachGas RadioactiveSubstance Bran CombustibleFuelSubstance Fudge Lint Hydrocolloid RedSubstance Preserve BlackShoePolish Chalk AppetizerStuff Softener Lubricant CornSyrup FruitPulp SoupStock EdibleStuff ShoePolish Mascara PreciousMetal FinishingSubstance Denaturant WaterSolubleStuff Peat-Dried Sandstone InorganicChemical Spice PlateGlass SemiSolidSubstance PhotosensitiveFilmCoating AntiFreeze Straw PrintingInk Topping Cytoplasm Pesto Rice-Foodstuff Dynamite Mortar Latex Succus FluidSubstance LemonJuice CoatingMaterial TobaccoAsh Antimatter Secretion FreshFoodOrDrink ToiletPaper SaladDressing Nutmeg Coke SweetTastingSubstance SheetlikeSubstance HotAir ShavingCream CoconutOil Fallout EnamelPaint CatFood Oregano LiquidOralMedicine GumArabic NaturalResourceSubstance AgentiveSubstance Ale Mucilage CoughMedicine Clay Molasses Albuminoid Garbage Composite Cloves PaperSheeting Litmus Aerosol Gelatin Ebony Isotope DairyProduct UnalloyedMetal Redwood UnexposedFilmCoating TomatoJuice PotentialEnergy Nutrient AlpacaWool MintCandy LowFatSubstance ScrapIron VehicleFuel JellyBean NaturalResin Incense EdibleFat Chowder CombustibleSubstance LinseedOil SheepWool FractionalComponentSubstance Keratin LiquidSuspension Jelly Vinaigrette AppleCider HomogenizedMilk Puree Fodder SeaWater Residue WrapperStuff FiredClay Biopolymer WallPaper CornMeal Ingredient WhippedCream InorganicSalt NailPolish CowsMilk Lipstick Impurity ColoringMaterial Fuel Opal GlassWool Desiccant Cement-Adhesive BlottingPaper ChickenMeat FruitJuice Silk Pus FoodGlaze Albumen TissuePaper MotorOil LipGloss PlantMaterial FossilFuel FoodGarnish AcrylicResin InformationAboutaCave Cashmere TiffanyGlass MolecularStuff PetroleumProduct Allergen Paint Thread SedimentaryStone TomatoBasedSauce Polymer BiologicallyActiveSubstance SubstanceRole Medium FinalChemicalProduct Mahogany LimeOrLemonJuice BranFood Bile Birch Porcelain LimeJuice Information HeatingOil SolidifyingSubstance WaxedPaper TopicallyAppliedSubstance FoodThickener ContainedAir IntestinalGas Soap Hay WheatFlour Hemoglobin ChemicalElement WaterColorPaint Fertilizer Matter BrowLiner Spruce BloodPlasma Grime Ceramic CucumberStuff Rouge NaturalGas ActiveIngredient Essence Surfactant SpongyStuff Gravy Ivory ApplePieces Pyrogen Makeup GreasyGrime BoneTheStuff SubstanceVehicle Wheat-Foodstuff Poison BloodSerum Rain Gook Pigment Detergent OliveOil Napalm PlantJuice PhysicalSubstance Bleach Absinthe AdheringFilm Carcinogen Putty Hydrocarbons Lace SoilDust Toothpowder EyeShadow InformationAboutaPlace PressurizedGas Flint SoapAndWater Soup Sealant Slate IndicatorSubstance Smog ProductSubstance Antigen CrepePaper BarkTissue HeavyCream Ointment Smoke Gum Scrap Dew Protein SyntheticResin GroundWater FruitAndVegetableFood ChewingGum Humectant Concealer Resin MetalGlaze Fuzz Oxygen_20percent HairColoring HairLikeSubstance BasicInformation Deodorant Leaven Ballast Marmalade Colloid PalmOil Explosives Rennet Oak BirchBark Preparation BirdSeed CommodityProduct FoodIngredientOnly SolidBodySubstance SilkOrLace Disproof Enamel InorganicSodiumSalt BodySurfaceSubstance BuildingMaterial Frosting PhotographicFilm Paper PolishStuff FishFood CeramicGlaze SurfaceFilm PieFilling VegetableMatter BloodTypeAB PetroleumProduct-Refined Antiperspirant Balsam Airwaves SterlingSilver Waste SpicyTastingFood Candy Adulterant Caulk PhotosensitiveSubstance Sewage Stew Synergist Peat Feces Blood DryingOil DogFood PotableWater Eyeliner ConductingMedium InsulatedWire TapWater Caramel Barm GrapeJuice CandyCane AranaceousStone Cotton CandyBar Saliva CrushedFruit Cinnamon-Spice Toothpaste WasteWater AnimalSubstance Argon_1percent Concrete Moisture AnimalBedding Tears FruitFilling AddictiveSubstance Sauce ComputerInformationStorageMedia Sunscreen Dye InformationAboutaTopic SilkFabric LlamaWool Oleoresin PredictiveInformation HumanMothersMilk Toast BubbleGum Satin Ketchup Additive Jam Pollutant MuscleTissue PureSubstance Cream-Dairy Creme TartarSauce Vaccine StainedGlass MothersMilk Maple ToothEnamel Dip-Food PersonalInformation Protoplasm Catalyst Tobacco Marble-Stone BodyFluid Manure Cardboard FlooringMaterial Propaganda Limestone GroundPepper VegetableOil FoodGroup DigestiveJuice Inhibitor GenericInk Superconductor SugarFreeEdibleStuff Disinfectant Water-Fresh Dough Solute ApplePieFilling FoodOrDrink Nectar RiceFlour PhilosophersStone MixtureDuo Lemonade VolatileSubstance Slop OralDrugSubstance ToiletrySubstance BeechWood ChocolateBar Lumber AncientElement SoySauce Ozone ChemicalIntermediate LightBeer Jell-O Fur DomesticatedAnimalFood AluminumFoil AnimalFood BirdFood Glue BodySubstance Refrigerant EpithelialTissue Film-SheetOrCoating AlkaliMetal StickyStuff DimensionalLumber Camphor Flesh AlcoholicThing SkinTissue DarkMatter EvidentiaryInformation Secretion-Bodily NuclearFuel ExplosiveSubstance ElectricalInsulator ElectricalConductor StriatedMuscleTissue Inoculum Propellant AqueousThing Nitrogen_79percent CastorOil Metabolite PetFood AbsorbentSubstance FrenchDressing Vomit SweetFood LubricatingOil CleaningSubstance OpaqueSubstance SoftSolidInorganicStuff SubstanceDensity PetroleumBasedProduct OrganicSubstance Dung OrangeJuice Contaminant BloodyStools Cream-Generic InsulatingSubstance Wool FermentedMolasses ExcretionSubstance ChemicalIrritant AbsorbentPaper Pine

SubstanceVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceVehicle`
Description	A 'SubstanceVehicle' is a specialized concept most commonly used in Medicine where a 'vehicle' is a substance used to suspend or dissolve another substance (e.g. a drug) to facilitate injection or other form of application. This can also be used for substances used to suspend pigments or other solids for convenience in conveying. For generality, this is not necessarily a liquid - it could be a powdered 'excipient' - 'An excipient is a natural or synthetic substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication, included for the purpose of long-term stabilization, bulking up solid formulations that contain potent active ingredients'. The relation 'isaComponentSubstanceOf' indicates that the vehicle is part of a 'Mixture'. But to enable a restriction requiring Mixture (for which the 'SubstanceVehicle' is intended) to be specified would require the use of special types for 'SubstanceVehicle' and 'Mixture - as of Rev1121 not yet done. *ToDO: add in for medical applications?? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'vehicle' in WordNet: 3. vehicle - (a substance that facilitates the use of a drug or pigment or other material that is mixed with it)
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb24223^c

Substantial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Substantial`
Description	'Substantial'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that asserts that the thing characterized is large enough or important enough or significant enough to warrant attention or notice. The thing characterized may be a qualitative or quantitative attribute. The attribute ''Large'' is a subtype, being either 'substantial' quantitatively or larger. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'substantial' in WordNet: 1. (22) significant, substantial - (fairly large; 'won by a substantial margin') 2. (1) substantial, substantive - (having a firm basis in reality and being therefore important, meaningful, or considerable; 'substantial equivalents')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Large^c

Substitute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Substitute`
Description	A 'Substitute' is usually an Object or Substance that is used in place of or instead of another Object in some Action, but can also be a ''Representative'' who 'substitutes' for a person in some Event(s). This is a Role played by the Object, and each Substitute Role is specific for some Action or series of Actions. If an Object is not used as a Substitute for some interval of time, then its Role as a Substitute must be broken up into only those continuous TimeIntervals during which it was specifically a substitute for one other thing. A ''Substitute'' may be ''Simulated'' to resemble the original, but is not necessarily so. It can be quite distinct in appearance, but similar in functionality. This is the domain of the relation 'wasaSubstituteFor'. Sometimes the German 'ersatz' is used (see ''Simulated'' for the adjective): RHW an artificial substance or article used to replace something natural or genuine; a substitute. See also 'SubstituteThing', which is one (the less preferred) of two alternatives, but is not necessarily an object in a Substitution action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'substitute' and sense 4 of 'replacement' in WordNet: 1. (9) substitute, replacement - (a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another) WN noun 'ersatz': 1. ersatz - (an artificial or inferior substitute or imitation)
Super-classes	SubstituteThing^c Role^c Object^c
Sub-classes	Redesign^c Correction^c ArtificialBodyPart^c Reliever^c

SubstituteThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstituteThing`
Description	A 'PreferredThing' is the first of two alternatives in an AlternativePair, and, when there are differences in preference or utility, this will be the best choice or 'first choice'. `For objects that are actually used as substitutes in a Substitution action, use the more specific 'Substitute'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'substitute' in WordNet: 1. (9) substitute, replacement - (a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another)`
Super-classes	AlternativeThing^c
Restrictions	hasAlternative^op some PreferredThing^c
Sub-classes	ShortcutRoad^c Substitute^c Detour^c Euphemism^c CosmeticMeasures^c FillingInaPosition^c

Substitution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Substitution`
Description	A ''Substitution'' is an ''Exchange'' in which some object (including people) is removed from its functional location (usually in a system), and another object of similar type or functionality is put in the place of the first object. The original object may be retained or discarded - that is not at issue for this type. Conceptually, this type of Action can be viewed as a combination of removing something and adding something, where the 'something' in the two subEvents are different but of similar functionality, and the 'place' of removal and insertion are the same. Specifying each of those parts with equivalents and non-equivalents would require several FOL assertion. Can be done when FOL version is created. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'replacement'and sense 1 of 'substitution' and sense 2 of 'switch' in WordNet; This also is related indirectly to the notion of 'instead', though the linguistic usage is indirect, relating two of the participants of the Event. @ToDo: create a class of Pairs to represent the alternatives? see also the general 'hasAlternative', and more specific 'isAnAlternativeTo' (for actions) and 'wasperformedAsAnAlternativeTo'. and the general 'AlternativePair' for things that may be alternatively chosen even in actions that are not 'Substitution'. in WordNet: 1. (6) substitution, permutation, transposition, replacement, switch - (an event in which one thing is substituted for another; 'the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood') WN verb 'substitute': 1. (13) substitute, replace - (put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items; 'the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt'; 'substitute regular milk with fat-free milk') 2. (5) substitute, sub, stand in, fill in - (be a substitute; 'The young teacher had to substitute for the sick colleague'; 'The skim milk substitutes for cream-we are on a strict diet')
Super-classes	Exchange^c
Sub-classes	FillingInaPosition^c GovernmentOverthrow^c

Substrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Substrate`
Description	This 'Substrate' is a specialized term for biochemistry. Each subtype of 'Substrate' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is used by some 'Enzyme' (whether alone or in ncombination with other substrates) and converted into some other 'SubstanceType'. The result may be any kind of modification, including splitting or fusion with other substances. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'substrate' in WordNet: 1. (2) substrate - (the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c Reactant^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some BiochemicalReaction^c

Substratum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Substratum

Description

This is mostly used for geological layers that lie under others, but can be applied more broadly. In COSMO this is a PhysicalObject, but in WN it is a substance.

        More detail would be possible if geology is represented explicitly in a 
            subtype..

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'substratum' and sense 3 of
           'substrate' in  WordNet:
       in WordNet:
         3. substrate, substratum -  (any stratum or layer lying underneath another)

Super-classes Stratum^c

Subterranean^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subterranean

Description

''Underground'' is an attribute that means approximately the same as ''Underground''. To distinguish this from the parent ''Underground'' this will characterize only objects that are not ''OrganicObject''s to exclude ''Root''s and buried animals, but to include small tunnels made by burrowing Animals so it cannot apply only to 'LaregeObject''s, though it usually is used that way.

         subterranean

Super-classes Underground^c

Subtile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subtile`
Description	''Subtile'' is a variant spelling of 'subtle' used to avoid clash with COSMO ''Subtle'' `NO sense of 'subtle' in WN with this same meaning. RHW subtle: (also 'subtile') 6. cunning, wily, or crafty: a subtle liar.`
Super-classes	Sly^c
Sub-classes	Jesuitical^c

Subtitle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subtitle`
Description	A ''Subtitle'' is a ''Transcription'' of speech that occurs in a Movie or television program, presented on the screen. If the ''Subtitle'' is a rendering of the speech in a language other than the original, it is also a ''Translation''. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 (not restricte to translations) of 'subtitle' in WordNet: 1. subtitle, caption - (translation of foreign dialogue of a movie or TV program; usually displayed at the bottom of the screen)`
Super-classes	Transcription^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op only TranscribingSpeech^c

Subtle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subtle`
Description	Something ''Subtle'' is difficult to detect (such as differences) or difficult to grasp the meaning or significance of. This is somewhat similar to ''DifficultToUnderstand'' in being an attribute of something difficult to do, but not the same; ''DifficultToUnderstand'' has its own type. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'subtle' in WordNet: 1. (9) elusive, subtle - (be difficult to detect or grasp by the mind; 'his whole attitude had undergone a subtle change'; 'a subtle difference'; 'that elusive thing the soul')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unobvious^c

Subtly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subtly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'subtly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) subtly - (in a subtle manner; "late nineteenth-century French opera at its most beautiful, subtly romantic with a twilight melancholy")`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

SubtractingAnExpense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubtractingAnExpense`
Description	''SubtractingAnExpense'' is a procedure in ''Bookkeeping'' where some ''Expenditure'' is subtracted from another number, for any purpose.
Super-classes	DoingSubtraction^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Bookkeeping^c hasDirectObject^op value Expenditure^c
Sub-classes	DeductingAnExpense^c

Subtrahend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subtrahend`
Description	A ''Subtrahend''is a ''QuantityOfSomething'' (which could be a pure number) which is subtracted from a commensurate quantity (the ''Minuend'') in any generic ''DoingSubtraction'' operation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subtrahend' in WordNet: 1. subtrahend - (the number to be subtracted from the minuend)`
Super-classes	QuantityOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value DoingSubtraction^c
Sub-classes	DeductibleExpenditure^c

Suburb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suburb`
Description	A ''GeographicalArea'' near to but outside of a City, one of whose boundaries are the same as an outer part of the corresponding 'CityArea''. This is a ''PhysicalObject'' `NOTE that 'suburbia' is reserved for discussing suburban areas generally: @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suburb' in WordNet: 1. (16) suburb, suburbia, suburban area - (a residential district located on the outskirts of a city)`
Super-classes	HumanResidenceArea^c CityObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Suburban^c isAdjacentTo^op some CityArea^c isaSpatialPartOf^op value SuburbanArea^c

Suburban^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suburban

Description

''Suburb'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Suburb'' and typical Objects or activities in a ''Suburb''.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suburban' in WordNet:
      1. (22) suburban - (relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs;
        'suburban population')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SuburbanArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuburbanArea`
Description	A ''SuburbanArea'' is the Area just adjacent to a ''City'' on all of its sides.. `A ''Suburb'' would be part of this area. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suburban area' in WordNet: 1. suburb, suburbia, suburban area - (a residential district located on the outskirts of a city)`
Super-classes	HumanResidenceArea^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value CityArea^c isLocatedAt^op value Outskirt^c

Subway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Subway`
Description	$Subway is a specialization of #$Railway. Each instance of #$Subway is an underground #$Railway under the surface of some city. Some parts of subways may be in trenches, on bridges or on elevated tracks, but most of a subway is in underground tunnels. There are some 'subways' where the trains have rubber wheels (to reduce noise), but those are included here and may have to be distinguished. COSMO: whether or not most of the subway is underground, to be called a 'subway' it has to have a significant part underground, and that is the characteristic feature of it. SUMO: A subway is a hollow area of the earth, typically under large cities, designed for running trains that move people. It is distinguished from other kinds of tunnels in that trains run through them, primarily for the purpose of carrying people rather than ore, for example. A subway car is an 'ElectricalDevice'. Not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subway' in Wordnet: 1. (3) metro, tube, underground, subway system, subway - (an electric railway operating below the surface of the ground (usually in a city); 'in Paris the subway system is called the 'metro' and in London it is called the 'tube' or the 'underground'')
Super-classes	Railway^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some UndergroundLocation^c

SubwayStation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubwayStation

Description

$SubwayStation is a specialization of

        #$FixedStructure and #$HumanOccupationConstruct.  Each
        instance of #$SubwayStation is usually located at least
        partly underground, on subway tracks, and its primary
        purpose is to be a place where subway trains discharge and
        receive passengers.

        Part of sense 1 of 'station' in Wordnet:
          1. (23) station - (a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel 
          for a particular purpose; 'he started looking for a gas station'; 
          'the train pulled into the station')

Super-classes TransportFacility^c
HumanOccupationConstruct^c
FixedStructure^c

SubwayTrain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubwayTrain

Description

CYC: The collection of all subway trains - trains designed to run on #$Subway tracks.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subway train' in WordNet:
          1. subway train - (a train that runs in a subway system)

Super-classes PassengerTrain^c

Succeeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Succeeding`
Description	''Succeeding'' is an attribute characterizing elements of an OrderedGroup or series of Events that 'come after' a preceding element. For time series, this is to come later on the timeline; for Groups, abstract or physical, the order of elements depends on how the Group is created - usually, if the elements are numbered, the next higher number is the ''Succeeding'' element. For People who fill some position in an Organization and are replaced by another Person, the Person doing the replacing (the ''Successor'') is the 'succeeding' Person. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'succeeding' in Wordnet: 1. (3) succeeding - (coming after or following)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Postnatal^c

SucceedingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SucceedingAnAgent`
Description	Each ''SucceedingAnAgent'' is a ''Supplanting'' in which the Agent performing the the Action performs some HumanRole (such as a position in an Organization) that previously was performed by another Person. The Person performing the ''SucceedingAnAgent'' then can be referred to as a ''Successor'' (not necessarily the immediate ''Successor'') of the Person subsequently previously that Role. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succeed' in WordNet: 2. (12) succeed, come after, follow - (be the successor (of); 'Carter followed Ford'; 'Will Charles succeed to the throne?')`
Super-classes	Supplanting^c
Restrictions	occurredLaterThan^op some (Event^c or EventType^c) wasPerformedByAgent^op value Successor^c

SucceedingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SucceedingEvent`
Description	Each ''SucceedingEvent'' is a ''ComingLater'' that is one of the Events in some ''ChronologicalSequence'' that is not the ''InitialEvent'' of that series.
Super-classes	ComingLater^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op some ChronologicalSequence^c occurredLaterThan^op some InitialEvent^c

Success^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Success

Description

'Success' is the PersistentState that occurs after an Agent performs a SuccesfulAction. This is the sense of 'success' in 'achieving success'. A state of 'Success can of minor personal importance, and need not entail recognition by many others, nor is it necessarily accompanied by financial prosperity. The subtype ''SocialSuccess'' includes social recognition. . The term 'success' is usually used for financial or social successes, but this type is the most general 'PersistentState', and the social success is represented by the subtype 'SocialSuccess'. the term 'accomplishment' is also used to refer to the state of something that was performed successfully, but that sense does not appear in WordNet.

    This seems closest to noun sense 3 of 'success' in WordNet:
       3. (10) success - (a state of prosperity or fame; 'he is enjoying great success';
           'he does not consider wealth synonymous with success')

Super-classes GoodCircumstances^c

Successful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Successful`
Description	'Successful' is an AttributeValue of a Person who performed a SuccessfulAction, or of theAction itself. This includes both success in single actions, and success in life - that latter more specific sense is represented as the subtype 'SociallySuccessful' `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'successful' in WordNet (see 'SuccessfullyAccomplished' for the other part): in WordNet: 1. (42) successful - (having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome; 'a successful architect'; 'a successful business venture')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OverwhelminglySuccessful^c DoneWell^c Victorious^c SociallySuccessful^c

SuccessfulAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuccessfulAction`
Description	COSMO note: the notions of 'success', 'accomplishment', 'achievement' and 'attainment' appear to overlap, all involving the successful arrival at a state that was the goal of an action. In COSMO this ''SuccessfulAction'' is the whole Action which ends in the desired Goal. For the final phase of reaching the goal, use the subtype ''ReachingaGoal''. This can be a very minor achievement, so it sometimes but not always leads to a state of ''Success'' in recognition by others. We do not attempt to minutely disentangle these different words, and represent the notion of 'success' in three different types: (1) the whole action that achieves its goal - this type 'SuccessfulAction' and (2) the final phase of a ''SuccessfulAction'' that has more than one steps or phases - ''ReachingaGoal''; and (3) the state reached after having successfully achieved some goal - 'Success'. CYC: The collection of purposeful actions that are considered successful . Success is a context dependent notion, but for the purposes of this constant can be thought to be relativized to the performer of the action. So, a purposeful action is an instance of this collection just in case the performer considered it successful given the reasons for (or the goals of) performing the action. COSMO linguistic NOTE: the term 'achievement' and ''accomplishment' have been used in a technical sense by linguists: see for example p.101 in James D.McCawley, 'Adverbs, Vowels and Other Objects of Wonder' (University of Chicago Press, 1979). This type ''SuccessfulAction'' is similar to 'accomplishment' in McCawley, and the subtype ''ReachingaGoal'' is similar to MaCawley's 'achievement' Includes verb senses 1 of 'succeed',and sense 1 of 'success', and verb sense 1 of 'achieve' and part of sense 2 of 'accomplish' in WordNet: 1. (36) success - (an event that accomplishes its intended purpose; 'let's call heads a success and tails a failure'; 'the election was a remarkable success for Republicans') WN 'attainment': 1. (1) attainment - (the act of achieving an aim; 'the attainment of independence') WN verb 'succeed': 1. (28) succeed, win, come through, bring home the bacon, deliver the goods - (attain success or reach a desired goal; 'The enterprise succeeded'; 'We succeeded in getting tickets to the show'; 'she struggled to overcome her handicap and won') WN verb 'accomplish': 2. (13) achieve, accomplish, attain, reach - (to gain with effort; 'she achieved her goal despite setbacks') WN noun 'arrival': 1. (4) arrival, reaching - (accomplishment of an objective)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c SuccessfulThing^c GoodThing^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value AttemptingActivity^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SuccessfullyAccomplished^c hasEndingSubEvent^op value ReachingaGoal^c mayCause^op value Success^c
Sub-classes	Cakewalk^c Win^c Accomplishment^c Feat^c SatisfyingaRequirement^c GoodDeed^c ReachingaGoal^c DevelopingaNewProduct^c Recruitment^c
Members	QualifyingAction

SuccessfulPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuccessfulPerson`
Description	A 'SuccessfulPerson' is a Person who has successfully achieved important goals and is in the state of 'SocialSuccess' i.e. has wealth, fame,or honors. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'success' in WordNet: 4. (3) achiever, winner, success, succeeder - (a person with a record of successes; 'his son would never be the achiever that his father was'; 'only winners need apply'; 'if you want to be a success you have to dress like a success')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c SuccessfulThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SociallySuccessful^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SuccessfulAction^c
Sub-classes	Comer^c

SuccessfulThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuccessfulThing`
Description	A 'SuccessfulThing' is anything - a ''Person'' (financial, artistic, or social successe), a 'musical group' or a ''CreativeWork'' (Book, Play, Movie, piece of music) that 'succeeded' in attracting an audience large enough to gratify the creators. This is a broad and vague but commonly used concept. NOTE: in WN a 'success' that covers this concept is represented as a subtype of 'accomplishment', which is an event. This concept is broader, including conceptual works such as ''Book''s, which are objects. So the meaning is very close, but the parent types are different. A social success is represented by the subtype 'SocialSuccess'. This seems closest to noun sense 2 of 'success' (ignoring that parent tpes) in WordNet: 2. (23) success - (an attainment that is successful; 'his success in the marathon was unexpected'; 'his new play was a great success')
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Successful^c
Sub-classes	SuccessfulPerson^c SuccessfulAction^c BigSuccess^c

Successfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Successfully

Description

''Successfully'' is an adverb specifying that the 'attempting' Action modified accomplished its objective, asserting that it did accomplish the intended result.

       Some overlap with ''effectively''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'successfully' in WordNet:
         1. (15) successfully, with success - (in a successful manner;
             'she performed the surgery successfully')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

SuccessfullyAccomplished^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuccessfullyAccomplished

Description

'SuccessfullyAccomplished' is an AttributeValue of an Action whose goals were accomplished.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'successful' in WordNet
     (see 'Successful' for the other part):
     in WordNet:
       1. (42) successful - (having succeeded or being marked
          by a favorable outcome; 'a successful architect'; 
          'a successful business venture')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Succession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Succession`
Description	This ''Succession'' can be used to represent a 'succession' of people serving in some Role or functional capacity, as well as a Series of Objects or Events reaed by some element of continuity.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'succession' in WordNet: 2. (1) succession - (a group of people or things arranged or following in order; 'a succession of stalls offering soft drinks'; 'a succession of failures')`
Super-classes	Series^c
Sub-classes	CascadeOfEvents^c

Successor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Successor`
Description	A ''Successor'' is a Person who ''succeeds'' (in time) another Person (a''Predecessor'') in the Action of filling a HumanRole; i.e. the state of the ''Successor'' .filling a Role is related by property ''occurredLaterThan'' to the state of the ''Predecessor'' filling that Role. See the inverse correlated Role ''Predecessor''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'successor' in WordNet: 1. (4) successor, replacement - (a person who follows next in order; 'he was President Lincoln's successor')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SucceedingAnAgent^c

SucculentPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SucculentPlant`
Description	CYC 'Succulent-Plant': The collection of all succulent #$Plants (of various #$BiologicalSpecies). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succulent' in WordNet: 1. succulent - (a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs)`
Super-classes	Plant-NonWoody^c TerrestrialOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Cactus^c Yucca^c

Succumbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Succumbing`
Description	''Succumbing'' is a dying (''Death'') due to some Event - illness or being harmed. The difference between this and the parent ''Death'' is subtle - only that the cause of Death is specified. Dying due to some natural cause that is just an accompaniment of deterioration due to old age would be excluded as a cause. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'succumb' in WordNet: 2. succumb, yield - (be fatally overwhelmed)`
Super-classes	Action^c Death^c Reaction^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op only (AilmentCondition^c or Killing^c)

Succus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Succus`
Description	''Succus' is a term used for an ''InternalBodyFluid'' secreted by some part of the body. (the term 'juice' could be misleading for this type.) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succus' in WordNet: 1. juice, succus - (any of several liquids of the body; 'digestive juices')`
Super-classes	Juice^c InternalBodyFluid^c AqueousSolution^c
Sub-classes	DigestiveJuice^c

SuckingOnAFoodMorsel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuckingOnAFoodMorsel`
Description	The action of consuming something through abrasion with the tongue while creating a suction with the parts of the mouth, like when someone consumes a piece of candy by sucking on it.
Super-classes	Ingesting^c SuckingOnSomethingInMouth^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value FoodObject^c

SuckingOnSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuckingOnSomething`
Description	'SuckingOnSomething' is the act of creating a partial vacuum that causes a negative pressure (relative to the surrounding gas) on some object. The object may distend, or if liquid, may be drawn into a tube that transmits the negative pressure. The sucking can be done by mouth or by any device (such as an aspirator) that can create a partial vacuum. For the case of sucking by mouth, use the subtype 'SuckingOnSomethingInMouth'. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'suck' in WordNet: 2. (2) suck - (draw something in by or as if by a vacuum; 'Mud was sucking at her feet')`
Super-classes	ActingOnSomething^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value TouchingState^c
Sub-classes	SuckingOnSomethingInMouth^c

SuckingOnSomethingInMouth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuckingOnSomethingInMouth`
Description	CYC: A collection of events. Each element of #$SuckingOnSomethingInMouth is an act in which an animal sucks something in its mouth. The object sucked may or may not be ingested. This might involve using suction created by the mouth to move something, including drinking with a straw, an infant's sucking milk from breast or bottle, a motorist (unwisely) siphoning gasoline. In other cases, such as an infant sucking on a pacifier, there is no (significant) translocation. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suck' in WordNet: 1. (4) suck - (draw into the mouth by creating a practical vacuum in the mouth; 'suck the poison from the place where the snake bit'; 'suck on a straw'; 'the baby sucked on the mother's breast')`
Super-classes	BiologicalIntakeEvent^c SuckingOnSomething^c BodyMovementEvent^c
Sub-classes	SuckingOnAFoodMorsel^c

Sucrose^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sucrose`
Description	Sucrose is the disaccharide produced by sugar cane and sugar beets, widely used as the sweetener in drinks and other foods, and in the granular form, as an ingredient in preparing food.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sucrose' in WordNet: 1. sucrose, saccharose - (a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent)`
Super-classes	Disaccharide^c
Sub-classes	TableSugar^c

Sudanese^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sudanese`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Sudanese' in Wordnet: 1. Sudanese - (of or relating to or characteristic of the African Republic of the Sudan or its people; 'the Sudanese desert')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

SudanesePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SudanesePerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sudanese' in WordNet: 1. (1) Sudanese - (a native or inhabitant of Sudan)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaNativeOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sudan^c

Sudden^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sudden

Description

'Sudden' is an attribute of Events that occur very rapidly, often with no perceptible stages, often unexpectedly, and very soon after some reference time point. All physical Events take some interval of time, so it is not strictly true for any case that there are no intermediate states (see the definition of 'gradual'), so the term 'sudden' is used for Events that are perceived by people's native senses as near-instantaneous, or being much faster than typical for a particular type of Event (such as 'sudden' decisions or ''Whim''s) An Explosion is an example of an Event that is characterized as 'Sudden', even though a rapid-action camera could detect intermediate states. Something that starts rapidly but lasts for more than a few minutes can also be characterized as ''Sudden'' if the same sort of Event usually starts more slowly or lasts longer.

      In common use, something that is 'sudden' may only be more rapid than usual 
        for a certain type of Event, and may take even a few days:
        'a sudden drop in the unemployment rate'.  So this is to some extent relative to
        the kind of thing that occurs, and to the usual rate of change.

    Includes adjective sense 1 of 'sudden' and sense 2 and 4 of 'abrupt' in WordNet:
      1. (33) sudden - (happening without warning or in a short space of time;
       'a sudden storm'; 'a sudden decision'; 'a sudden cure')
     WN adjective 'abrupt':
       2. (2) abrupt - (exceedingly sudden and unexpected; 'came to an abrupt stop';
           'an abrupt change in the weather')
       4. abrupt - (surprisingly and unceremoniously brusque in manner; 'an abrupt reply')

Super-classes Quick^c

Suede^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suede`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suede' in WordNet: 1. suede, suede leather - (leather with a napped surface)`
Super-classes	Leather^c

Suffering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suffering`
Description	'Suffering' is a 'Perceiving' of something Unpleasant. The UnpleasantThing may be physical,as a sensation or injury, or mental, such as shame. This type can include trivial levels of suffering, the thing experienced just has to be more than merely 'unpleasant' to the person experiencing it. NOTE: the mental Feeling of Suffering is represented by ''StateOfSuffering'' that state may be caused by this Action of Perceiving. NOTE: these different synsets in WN may be logically distinguishable. @ToDo. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'suffer' in WordNet: 1. (17) suffer, endure - (undergo or be subjected to; 'He suffered the penalty'; 'Many saints suffered martyrdom') 2. (17) suffer, sustain, have, get - (undergo (as of injuries and illnesses); 'She suffered a fracture in the accident'; 'He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars'; 'She got a bruise on her leg'; 'He got his arm broken in the scuffle') 3. (12) suffer - (endure (emotional pain); 'Every time her husband gets drunk, she suffers')
Super-classes	Action^c Perceiving^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op some UnpleasantThing^c

SufficiencyValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SufficiencyValue`
Description	An attribute value that expresses a degree of sufficiency from MuchTooLittle to TooMuch.
Super-classes	OrderedAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Skimpy^c TooMuch^c Enough^c MoreThanEnough^c Meager^c Insufficient^c

Sufficing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sufficing

Description

''Sufficing'' is a ''BeingQualified'' in which the requirement ('qualification') is to have some quantitative measure of the thing against which the thing compared reaches or exceeds that required measure. " 'Tis enough; 'twill serve. "

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suffice' in WordNet:
        1. (3) suffice, do, answer, serve - (be sufficient;
           be adequate, either in quality or quantity; 'A few words would answer';
           'This car suits my purpose well'; 'Will $100 do?'; 
           'A 'B' grade doesn't suffice to get me into medical school';
           'Nothing else will serve')

Super-classes BeingQualified^c

Suffix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suffix`
Description	A part of a word following a string which itself forms a full word, or is the root of a full word. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suffix' in Wordnet: 1. (2) suffix, postfix - (an affix that is added at the end of the word)`
Super-classes	LinguisticObject^c WordString^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPartOf^op value Word^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#n_apos_t

Suffocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suffocation`
Description	''Suffocation'' is an Event of ''BeingKilled'' (not necessarily an intentional ''Killing'') in which a living thing dies of ''Asphyxiation'' by any means. This includes transitive and intransitive senses. `NOTE that ''Asphyxiation'' is a subEvent, not a result. Intentional''Suffocation'' is the subtype ''Smothering'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suffocation' in WordNet: WN noun 'suffocation': 1. (1) suffocation, asphyxiation - (killing by depriving of oxygen)`
Super-classes	BeingKilled^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Anoxia^c hasSubEvent^op value Asphyxiation^c
Sub-classes	Smothering^c

Sugar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sugar`
Description	A synonym for the chemical term 'sucrose' in any physical form. For the general sense of 'sugar' use ''Sugar-Generic''. SUMO; A simple Carbohydrate that has a sweet taste and consists mostly or entirely of sucrose (represented in COSMO as a Synonym of 'sugar'); one of the subtypes of 'Sugar-Generic' that may be referred to as 'sugar' by non-chemists. This is the substance of which common refined table sugar consists, and is usually extracted from sugar cane or sugar beets. Sugars are a potential source of energy for organisms, therefore this type is a subtype of 'EnergySource'. Brown sugar is included, though it is less pure than white sugar. Molecules have the empirical formula C12H22O11. Common granular sugar used at the table is the subtype 'TableSugar'. NOTE that other forms of sugar, such as dextrose are not included in this type, but are also subtypes of 'Sugar-Generic'. In chemistry the term 'sugar' refers to a generic category of substances, but in COSMO the generic Type is called 'Sugar-Generic' and the common term 'sugar' is reserved for the substance that is most commonly called 'sugar', i.e. table sugar- considered as a substance and not as an Object. In Cyc the only type for Sucrose is called 'Sugar-Table', and specifically refers to the form that is ganular. In COSMO that type is a subtype of this present type, and is called 'TableSugar'. Noun sense 1 of 'sugar' in WordNet seems to refer to sucrose, though that is not explicit: in WordNet: 1. (41) sugar, refined sugar -(a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative) WN noun 'sucrose': 1. sucrose, saccharose - (a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent)
Super-classes	EnergySource^c SweetTastingSubstance^c Sugar-Generic^c Condiment^c Disaccharide^c Sweetener^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op value SugarcanePlant^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op value SugarBeet^c isDerivedFrom^op value SugarCane^c
Sub-classes	PowderedSugar^c LumpSugar^c

Sugar-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sugar-Generic`
Description	A substance consisting of carbohydrates with no more than three rings. `WN 'carbohydrate' is similar,represented as parent ''Carbohydrate'', but not restricted to oneor two rings.. Cyc: A piece of sugar, i.e., a piece of a substance made up of sugar molecules.`
Super-classes	Carbohydrate^c WaterSolubleStuff^c
Sub-classes	Sugar^c Disaccharide^c

SugarBeet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SugarBeet

Description

       Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sugar beet' in WordNet:
         1. sugar beet - (form of the common beet having a sweet white root
             from which sugar is obtained)
         2. sugar beet - (white-rooted beet grown as a source of sugar)

Super-classes BeetPlant^c

SugarCane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SugarCane`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sugar cane' in WordNet: 1. sugarcane, sugar cane - (juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice)`
Super-classes	PlantCane^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value SugarcanePlant^c

SugarCube^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SugarCube`
Description	A physical object in the shape of a ''Cube'' containing grains of sucrose, large enough to pickup with a forceps or spoon (> 1 cm wide). Typically composed of compacted grains of sucrose, and used to sweeten beverages such as tea or coffee. Such cubes are not precisely,but only approximately cubic.
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c SolidObject^c Block^c CrystallineObject^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Cubic^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Sugar^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Cube^c

SugarFree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SugarFree

Description

'SugarFree'' is an attribute of Foods and FoodObjects that do not contain any added sugar' (Sucrose or Dextrose or Fructose or CornSyrup).

      sugar free

Super-classes Lacking^c

SugarFreeEdibleStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SugarFreeEdibleStuff`
Description	CYC: This is the attribute possessed by foods that contain no sugar (often merely no #$Sucrose or #$Glucose. These foods often contain a sugar substitute such as #$Aspartame or #$Saccharin.
Super-classes	EdibleStuff^c
Restrictions	doesNotContainSubstance^op value Glucose^c doesNotContainSubstance^op value Sucrose^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SugarFree^c
Sub-classes	DietSoftDrink^c

SugarcanePlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SugarcanePlant`
Description	A plant that is the principle source of sucrose used as table sugar. The stalks may be used as a sweet object by chewing on them. `CYC 'SugarcanePlant': Individual sugarcane plants; these are grown as crops for the sugar they contain.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sugar cane' in WordNet: 2. sugarcane, sugar cane, Saccharum officinarum - (tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c CropPlant^c Plant-NonWoody^c GrassFamily^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Sugar^c

Suggested^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suggested`
Description	''Suggested'' is the attribute of something that is the object (patient) of a ''Suggesting'' action. NOTE the term ''Recommended'' is considered as a stronger (more intensive) subattribute of ''Suggested''. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'suggested' in WordNet: 1. (4) recommended, suggested - (mentioned as worthy of acceptance; 'the recommended medicine'; 'the suggested course of study')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Proposed^c Recommended^c

Suggesting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suggesting`
Description	Each 'Suggesting' is an 'Advising' (a subtype of Informing) in which one Agent asserts the possible appropriateness of one or more future actions. This differs from the subtype 'Recommending' in that no one possible course of action is asserted to be clearly preferable to the others. This also type does not require that the agent doing the proposing be part of the contemplated action; for situations where an agent suggests something that includes the agent's own participation, use the subtype 'Proposing'. `This includes verb senses 1 of 'suggest' in WordNet: 1. (57) propose, suggest, advise - (make a proposal, declare a plan for something) WN 'propose' 1. (57) propose, suggest, advise - (make a proposal, declare a plan for something) 2. (21) project, propose - (present for consideration)`
Super-classes	Advising^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Suggestion^c
Sub-classes	Indicating^c Propounding^c Proposing^c RecommendingEvent^c

Suggestion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suggestion`
Description	A 'Suggestion' is a LinguisticAssertion created by an act of Suggesting. `Includes noun senses 1 of 'suggestion' in WordNet: 1. (13) suggestion - (an idea that is suggested; 'the picnic was her suggestion') 2. (9) suggestion, proposition, proffer - (a proposal offered for acceptance or rejection; 'it was a suggestion we couldn't refuse')`
Super-classes	Advice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recommended^c
Sub-classes	UsefulSuggestion^c Proposal^c Pointer^c GenericRule^c Recommendation^c Thesis^c

Suggestive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suggestive`
Description	''Suggestive'' is the attribute of something of any kind that can imply or sugggest some fact or possibility. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suggestive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) implicative, suggestive - (tending to suggest or imply; 'artifacts suggestive of an ancient society'; 'an implicative statement')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Indicative^c Symptomatic^c

Suicidal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suicidal

Description

This ''Suicidal'' includes literal and figurative senses, both for poeople who are inclined to commit ''Suicide'', and of Actions that are liable to cause great danger to oneself or one's goals.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suicidal' in Wordnet:
          1. self-destructive, suicidal - (dangerous to yourself or your interests; 
             'suicidal impulses'; 'a suicidal corporate takeover strategy'; 'a kamikaze pilot')

Super-classes Dangerous^c

Suicide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suicide`
Description	A specialization of #$HumanActivity, #$KillingByOrganism, #$SingleDoerAction, and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Suicide is an event in which a person intentionally causes its own death. `SUMO: Any instance of Killing where the agent and the patient are identical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suicide' in Wordnet: 1. (3) suicide, self-destruction, self-annihilation - (the act of killing yourself; 'it is a crime to commit suicide')`
Super-classes	Killing^c HumanActivity^c SingleDoerAction^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op value Self^c
Sub-classes	Hara-kiri^c

SuitOfClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuitOfClothing`
Description	A set of garments - usually two or three - covering both top and bottom part of the body, and usually of the same fabric and color. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'suit' in WordNet: 2. (209) suit, suit of clothes - (a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color; 'they buried him in his best suit')`
Super-classes	ClothingOutfit^c
Sub-classes	WomensSuit^c Tuxedo^c

Suitable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suitable`
Description	An AttributeValue applied to objects, actions, and sometimes to people, that expresses the notion that the thing so characterized will serve for the purpose that is explicitly or implicitly referenced. This is an EvaluativeAttribute and therefore is meaningful only relative to some Agent doing the evaluation, and some purpose for which the evaluation is done. A person can be 'suitable' or 'appropriate' for a task when that person knows how to perform the task. See also ''Fitting'' (persistent state) for size or shape suitability. For quantities of things that are sufficient to serve a purpose, use 'Enough', In COSMO this is a general attribute, encompassing several senses of 'suitable and 'appropriate' and 'proper' in WordNet. Some subsenses can be logicall distinguished, such as suitable tools and suitable people, but this type represents the most general, all-encompassing senses. Sense 3 of 'suitable' (deemed worthy as a spouse) needs a special subtype. As of v0.49 of COSMO, this general concept has not been differentiated into subtypes, and the terms 'appropriate' is represented as a synonym. WordNet 'appropriate': in WordNet: 1. (29) appropriate - (suitable for a particular person or place or condition etc; 'a book not appropriate for children'; 'a funeral conducted the appropriate solemnity'; 'it seems that an apology is appropriate') 2. (4) advantageous, appropriate - (appropriate for achieving a particular end; implies a lack of concern for fairness) 3. (1) appropriate, suitable, suited - (meant or adapted for an occasion or use; 'a tractor suitable (or fit) for heavy duty'; 'not an appropriate (or fit) time for flippancy') 5. apposite, appropriate, apt, pertinent - (being of striking appropriateness and pertinence; 'the successful copywriter is a master of apposite and evocative verbal images'; 'an apt reply') WN WordNet senses of 'suitable' 1. (3) appropriate, suitable, suited - (meant or adapted for an occasion or use; 'a tractor suitable (or fit) for heavy duty'; 'not an appropriate (or fit) time for flippancy') 2. (1) proper, right, suitable, suited - (appropriate for a condition or purpose or occasion or a person's character, needs; 'everything in its proper place'; 'the right man for the job'; 'she is not suitable for the position'; 'he is not a suitable husband for her') 3. desirable, suitable, worthy - (worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse; 'the parents found the girl suitable for their son') WN 'fit' 1. (4) fit - (meeting adequate standards for a purpose; 'a fit subject for discussion'; 'it is fit and proper that you be there'; 'water fit to drink'; 'fit for duty'; 'do as you see fit to') WN adj 'fitting'': 1. (5) fitting - (in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion; 'We have come to dedicate a portion of that field...It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this') 2. (2) fitting, meet - (being precisely fitting and right; 'it is only meet that she should be seated first') WN adj 'apropos': 1. apropos - (of an appropriate or pertinent nature)
Super-classes	Good^c Acceptable^c
Sub-classes	SociallyAppropriate^c FitForaPurpose^c Advantageous^c Qualified^c Convenient^c Pertinent^c Practical^c

Suitableness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suitableness`
Description	''Suitableness'' is a Trait that takes qualitative attributes as values, in particular 'Suitable' or 'Unsuitable'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suitableness' in WordNet: 1. suitability, suitableness - (the quality of having the properties that are right for a specific purpose; 'an important requirement is suitability for long trips')`
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Qualification^c FitnessForaPurpose^c

Suitcase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suitcase`
Description	`CYC 'SuitCase': Rectangular piece of luggage with handle that is used when you are on a trip. This type is 'Classically Rectangular' - bags with other shapes could be represented by a similar sister type without the shape restriction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suitcase' in WordNet: 1. (11) bag, traveling bag, grip, suitcase - (a portable rectangular container for carrying clothes; 'he carried his small bag onto the plane with him')`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c Box^c PieceOfLuggage^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Clothing^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value RectangularParallelepiped^c

Suitor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suitor`
Description	'A ''Suitor'' is a ''Lover''' is a male Person who has feelings of ''Love-Romantic'' for (traditionally) a Woman and wants to marry that Woman and is attempting to get that Woman to agree to marry. This is usually an adult, but occasionally teenagers perform this Role. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suitor' in WordNet: 1. (1) suitor, suer, wooer - (a man who courts a woman; 'a suer for the hand of the princess')`
Super-classes	Lover^c MalePerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Courtship^c

Sulfur^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sulfur

Description

An essential component of proteins, each atom has 16 protons in the nucleus. The powdered form is usually yellow in color.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sulfur' in Wordnet:
         1. (6) sulfur, S, sulphur, atomic number 16 - (an abundant tasteless odorless
            multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide
            and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions))

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c

Sullied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sullied

Description

''Tarnished'' is the attribute of a ''GoodReputation'' that has been made less good by some Event.

       Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'sullied' (for a ''GoodReputation'')
          in Wordnet:
         1. besmirched, damaged, flyblown, spotted, stained, sullied, tainted, tarnished - 
            (especially of reputation; 'the senator's seriously damaged reputation';
            'a flyblown reputation'; 'a tarnished reputation'; 'inherited a spotted name')

Super-classes Worse^c
PastParticiple^c

Sum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sum`
Description	A 'Sum' is a Number that can be the result of a DoingAddition Action. This is a Role that a Number can play. @ToDo: @db973 NOTE, however, that a 'Role' is a 'TemporalThing', and should be used only when a number is viewed as a result of some multiplication Event. A number, however, may be a product (non-prime) regardless of whether anyone has ever generated it by multiplication. For this case, we have created a special class of 'AtemporalRole' for 'Sum' and 'MultiplicationProduct' (below). A Sum may* also plays a temporal Role only as long as it is considered as the result of an addition. If the number is then taken and used in some other operation, that Role ceases. How to express this is not yet (r973) determined. NOTE: A 'Sum' is a number derived by adding two or more other numbers; the numbers added may include negative numbers, so it is possible for a Sum to be a result of a subtraction. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 5 of 'sum' and sense 2 of 'total' and sense 2 of 'aggregate' in WordNet: 2. (9) sum, amount, total - (a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers) WN noun 'aggregate': 2. (1) sum, total, totality, aggregate - (the whole amount)
Super-classes	AtemporalRole^c Number^c WholeThing^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some DoingAddition^c

Summarizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Summarizing`
Description	Each ''Summarizing'' is a ''Restating'' Action which produces a .''Summary''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'summarize' in WordNet: 1. (10) sum up, summarize, summarise, resume - (give a summary (of); 'he summed up his results'; 'I will now summarize')`
Super-classes	Restating^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Summary^c

Summary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Summary`
Description	Each 'Summary' is an assertion (which can be a Group of Propositions) that contains the most important parts of a larger Assertion, but is smaller by at least a factor of two.. This is the set of propositions that contains the Meaning of a SummaryText, which is a LinguisticAssertion `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'summary' in WordNet: 1. (5) summary, sum-up - (a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form; 'he gave a summary of the conclusions')`
Super-classes	Meaning^c Assertion^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some Summarizing^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op some SummaryText^c
Sub-classes	Overview^c Gist^c

SummaryText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SummaryText`
Description	Each 'SummaryText' is an AbstractText whose meaning is a 'Summary' that contains the most important points of a larger AbstractText, but is smaller by at least a factor of two.. `Corresponds noun sense 1 of 'synopsis' and to part of sense 1 of 'summary' in WordNet: 1. outline, synopsis, abstract, precis - (a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory) WN noun 'summary': 1. (5) summary, sum-up - (a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form; 'he gave a summary of the conclusions')`
Super-classes	Assertion^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sketchy^c
Sub-classes	Abridgment^c

SummerHouse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SummerHouse

Description

A ResidentialBuilding that is used mostly during the summer

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'summer house' in WordNet:
         1. summer house - (a country house (usually located in the country) 
           that provides a cool place to live in the summer)

Super-classes House^c

SummerSeason^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SummerSeason

Description

A specialization of #$SeasonOfYear. Each instance of #$SummerSeason is the time of greatest warmth during a temperate climate cycle (see #$TemperateClimateCycle). Instances of #$SummerSeason are characterized solely by climatic conditions; consequently, #$SummerSeason is not a specialization of #$CalendarSeason. For the collection of summers defined by dates on a calendar, see #$CalendarSummer.

        SUMO: The SeasonOfYear that begins at the summer solstice
        and ends at the autumnal equinox.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'summer' in WordNet:
          1. (60) summer, summertime - - (the warmest season of the year;
             in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice 
             to the autumnal equinox; 'they spent a lazy summer at the shore')

Super-classes WarmSeason^c

SummerSolstice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SummerSolstice`
Description	The ''SummerSolstice'' the the Day when the noon sun is closest to the vertical at any given place on Earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'summer solstice' in WordNet: 1. summer solstice, June 21, midsummer - (June 21, when the sun is at its northernmost point)`
Super-classes	SolsticeDay^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingTimeOf^op value CalendarSummer^c

Summit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Summit`
Description	A '''Summit'' is the ''Vertex'' of a ''Mountain'' - the highest part. NOTE: 'mountaintop' is not in WordNet. (!) `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'summit' in WordNet: 2. peak, crown, crest, top, tip, summit - (the top point of a mountain or hill; 'the view from the peak was magnificent'; 'they clambered to the summit of Monadnock')`
Super-classes	Vertex^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op some Mountain^c

Summoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Summoning`
Description	''Summoning'' is a ''AssigningaResponsibility'' that may but does not have to have punishment for failure to comply. More specific types ('subpoena') can be added when needed. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'summon' in WordNet: 1. (8) summon, summons, cite - (call in an official matter, such as to attend court)`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c AssigningaResponsibility^c
Sub-classes	ServingaSubpoena^c

SummoningSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SummoningSomeone`
Description	`NOTE: ''SummoningSomeone'' is a sub-synset of ''SendingForSomeone'' . in WordNet; but it appears form the glosses that 'summon' is just a request, while 'send for' is more like an order. So the subtype relation is inverted here relative to WordNet. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'summon' in WordNet: 2. (2) summon - (ask to come; 'summon a lawyer')`
Super-classes	Requesting^c
Restrictions	hasThingRequested^op value BeingPresent^c
Sub-classes	SendingForSomeone^c Beckoning^c ConveningaGroup^c

Sumptuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sumptuous

Description

''Sumptuous'' is an AttributeValue of ''Meal''s where the quantity and quality of food and beverages is significantly higher than that at routtine daily ''Dining'' (i.e. the attribute of a ''Feast''. . This occurs on special occasions.

This is a subproperty of ''Luxurious'' and the terms 'lavish' and 'opuent'
  inckuded in the parent attribute WN synset for ''Luxurious'' are included as labels here.

 Corresponds to *part* adjective sense 1 of 'sumptuous' 
    (restricted to the characteristcs of a ''Feast'') in Wordnet:
   1. (2) deluxe, gilded, grand, luxurious, 
       opulent, princely, sumptuous - (rich and superior in quality;
        'a princely sum'; 'gilded dining rooms')

Super-classes Luxurious^c

Sun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sun`
Description	A star that has planets revolving around it. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'sun' in WordNet: 4. (1) sun - (any star around which a planetary system evolves)`
Super-classes	Star^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol

SunBathing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunBathing`
Description	''SunBathing'' is a ''HumanRelaxingEvent'' Action in which a Human relaxes while (usually) lying outside in the sunshine, exposing some skin surface to ''SunLight-Direct''. This is not necessarily for the purpose of getting a tan. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sunbathe' in WordNet: 1. sun, sunbathe - (expose one's body to the sun)`
Super-classes	HumanRelaxingEvent^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value SunLight-Direct^c occursAt^op value Outdoors^c

SunBeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunBeam`
Description	A 'SunBeam'' is a ''LightBeam'' coming from and produced by the Sun; a ray of sunlight, especially a beam of light with defined edges coming in a window. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunbeam' in WordNet: 1. sunbeam, sunray - (a ray of sunlight)`
Super-classes	LightBeam^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c

SunDried^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunDried

Description

''SunDried'' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that have been exposed to the Sun long enogh to become 'dry' (relatively). This can be an intentional or a natural event.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sundried' in Wordnet:
          1. sun-dried, sundried - (dried naturally by the sun; 'sun-dried apricots')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

SunGlasses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunGlasses`
Description	CYC: The collection of all sunglasses. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunglasses' in WordNet: 1. sunglasses, dark glasses, shades - (spectacles that are darkened or polarized to protect the eyes from the glare of the sun; 'he was wearing a pair of mirrored shades')`
Super-classes	Eyeglasses^c SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual^c
Restrictions	wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent^op value ReducingPerceivedGlare^c

SunLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunLight`
Description	SUMO: Any instance of RadiatingLight where the Earth's sun ''Sol'' is the origin. This may be somewhat scattered, as by frosted glass; for the direct light use ''SunLight-Direct''. `COSMO Note: not all components of Sunlight are visible, therefore it is not a subclass of 'VisibleLight'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunlight' in Wordnet: 1. (9) sunlight, sunshine, sun - (the rays of the sun; 'the shingles were weathered by the sun and wind')`
Super-classes	Light^c EnergySource^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op value VisibleLight^c hasSource^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c hasSubEvent^op value VisibleLight^c
Sub-classes	SunLight-Direct^c Daylight^c

SunLight-Direct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunLight-Direct`
Description	Can give you a sunburn.
Super-classes	SunLight^c

SunParlor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunParlor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sun parlor' in WordNet: 1. sun parlor, sun parlour, sun porch, sunporch, sunroom, sun lounge, solarium - (a room enclosed largely with glass and affording exposure to the sun)`
Super-classes	Room^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 3 hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unshaded^c

Sunbather^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunbather`
Description	A ''Sunbather'' is a Person who performs ''Sunbathing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunbather' in WordNet: 1. sunbather - (someone who basks in the sunshine in order to get a suntan)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Sunbathing^c

Sunbathing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunbathing`
Description	''Sunbathing'' is the Action of lying in sunlight so that a large part of one's body will get direct sunlight, usually to get a ''Suntan''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sunbathe' in WordNet: 1. sun, sunbathe - (expose one's body to the sun)`
Super-classes	ExposingToTheSun^c LyingProstrate^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Sunburn^c hadChangedEntity^op value Skin^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Person^c mayCause^op value TanningSkin^c mayCause^op value Suntan^c

Sunburn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunburn

Description

COSMO note: this Condition is an Event, with a starting and ending time.

      NOTE that in WN a 'suntan' and 'sunburn' are in the same synset.  In COSMO,
        that synset is divided under the assumption that a Person can 'tan' without 
        getting a suburn, and a sunburn may cause peeling of a skin without tanning.

      Cyc: Too much ultra-violet radiation causes skin to burn.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sunburn' and part ('burn') of
          'suntan' in WordNet:
       2. sunburn, erythema solare - (redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun)
      WN noun ''suntan':
        1. tan, suntan, sunburn, burn -  (a browning of the skin resulting 
           from exposure to the rays of the sun)

Super-classes InjuryCondition^c
PhysiologicalCondition^c

Sunday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunday

Description

The Class of all calendar Sundays.

   CYC: A collection of #$CalendarDays and an  instance of
        #$DayOfWeekType.  #$Sunday is the collection of all  (and
        only) sundays.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sunday' in Wordnet:
        1. (33) Sunday, Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun - (first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians)

Super-classes Day^c

SundaySchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SundaySchool`
Description	. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sunday School' in WordNet: 1. (1) Sunday school, Sabbath school - (school meeting on Sundays for religious instruction)
Super-classes	School^c

Sunflower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunflower`
Description	The plant, not just the flowerpart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunflower' in WordNet: 1. sunflower, helianthus - (any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays)
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c

Sunken^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunken

Description

''Sunken'' is the attribute of a PhysicalObject that has experienced a ''SinkingInWater'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sunken' in Wordnet:
          2. sunken, submerged - (under water; e.g. at the bottom of a body of water;
             'sunken treasure'; 'a sunken ship')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

SunkenObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SunkenObject`
Description	A ''SunkenObject'' is an Object at the bottom of some ''BodyOfWater'' resting on the bottom. Usually this is at the bottom of a Lake or Ocean. A ''SunkenObject'' does not have to ever have been elsewhere - it doesn't have to be a vessel that sank. The term is only used to indicate the location - at the bottom of the water somewhere. `NOTE however,thatt the sttributeValue ''Sunken'' does specify that the object characterized was on the surface and experienced a 'SinkingInWater'' Event.`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value UnderWater^c isLocatedAt^op value WaterBodyBed^c typicallyHasAttribute^op value Sunken^c
Sub-classes	Shipwreck^c

Sunlit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunlit

Description

''Sunlit'' is an attribute of objects and places that are being directly exposed to the sun's rays, and as a consequence are are radiating visible light at an intensity that is makes them easily visible.

      The state of being lighted by the sun is related but is not yet represented..

      This type differs from  ''Sunny'.in that''Sunny'' characterizes the weather,
         while this characterizes Objects and  Places.

      NOTE that the corresponding state would be 'caused' by ''SunLight-Direct''

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sunlit' in WordNet:
          1. sunlit, sunstruck - (lighted by sunlight; 'the sunlit slopes of the canyon'; 
          'violet valleys and the sunstruck ridges'- Wallace Stegner)

Super-classes WellLighted^c
Unshaded^c
PastParticiple^c
Bright^c

Sunny^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunny

Description

A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having significant sunshine, less than half of the time obscured by clouds .

       See ''Sunlit'' for the use of 'sunny' to describe locations as
         in 'a sunny spot on the lawn'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sunny' in WordNet:
         1. (2) bright, shining, shiny, sunshiny, sunny - (abounding with sunlight;
         'a bright sunny day'; 'one shining morning'- John Muir; 
         'when it is warm and shiny')

Super-classes WeatherAttributeValue^c

Sunrise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunrise`
Description	The TimeInterval of each Day when the sun is rising and is partially overlapped by the horizon line. his is a TimeInterval, not the ''Event''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunrise' in Wordnet: 1. dawn, dawning, morning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day, break of the day, dayspring, sunrise, sunup, cockcrow - (the first light of day; 'we got up before dawn'; 'they talked until morning')`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf some Morning^c

Sunscreen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunscreen

Description

''Sunscreen'' is an ''Ointment'' that blocks UV rays from the sun and helps prevent sunburn.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunscreen' in WordNet:
           1. sunscreen, sunblock, sun blocker - 
             (a cream spread on the skin; contains a chemical (as PABA)
               to filter out ultraviolet light and so protect from sunburn)

Super-classes Ointment^c

Sunset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunset`
Description	The TimeInterval of each Day when the sun is setting and is partially overlapped by the horizon line. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunset' in Wordnet: 1. sunset, sundown - (the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon)`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c TimeOfDay^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf some Evening^c

Sunshade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sunshade`
Description	CYC 'sunshades': `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunshade' in WordNet: 1. (2) awning, sunshade, sunblind - (a canopy made of canvas to shelter people or things from rain or sun)`
Super-classes	Canopy^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Fabric^c wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent^op value ReducingBrightness^c

Suntan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suntan`
Description	''Suntan'' is for a degree of pigmentation that does not cause a 'burn' and peeling skin. NOTE: 'sunburn' is a separate entry - see ''Sunburn'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suntan' in WordNet: 1. tan, suntan, sunburn, burn - (a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun)`
Super-classes	Hyperpigmentation^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Skin^c isCausedBy^op value TanningSkin^c

Superb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superb`
Description	A even higher degree of Goodness than 'Excellent'; extremely good. Close to ''Outstanding'' in meaning - difference unclear. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'superb' in Wordnet: 1. (6) brilliant, superb - (of surpassing excellence; 'a brilliant performance'; 'a superb actor')`
Super-classes	GoodnessValue^c
Sub-classes	Awesome^c

Superconductivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superconductivity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superconductivity' in WordNet: 1. superconductivity - (the disappearance of electrical resistance at very low temperatures)`
Super-classes	ElectricalConduction^c
Restrictions	causes^op value FlashOfLight^c

Superconductor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superconductor`
Description	`NO WN entry for 'superconductor'. THe RHW entry 'superconductivity' includes that word as derived: the phenomenon of almost perfect conductivity shown by certain substances at temperatures approaching absolute zero. The recent discovery of materials that are superconductive at temperatures hundreds of degrees above absolute zero raises the possibility of revolutionary developments in the production and transmission of electrical energy.`
Super-classes	ElectricalConductor^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Superconductivity^c

Superficial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superficial

Description

Located on the surface of some object, e.g. an ExternalOrgan. This is specific for parts of objects or objects attached to other objects in an external position. or for Events that occur on the durface of some Object. Every Object ?O that has the attribute value 'Superficial' will be related to some Object and its surface by the relations: {?O isLocatedAt ?S} where ?S is the surface of some Object. An Event ?E that is 'Superficial' will be related to an object by the relations: {?E occurredAt ?S} where ?S is the surface of some Object. This attribute is for Objects, and metaphorical uses of 'superficial' (as in personalities) need to be disambiguated by a language interpreter from this sense.

      This sense includes senses adjective  2 and 4 and part of sense 1 of 'superficial',
        sense 1 and 2 of adjective 'surface',  and corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'external' in WordNet.
        NOTE that most of the examples of sense 1 are metaphorical, but
        the gloss includes the physical sense:  in WordNet:
        WN 'external'
         1. (10) external - (happening or arising or located outside 
           or beyond some limits or especially surface; 
           'the external auditory canal'; 'external pressures')
        WN 'superficial'
         1. (4) superficial - (being or affecting or concerned with a surface;
               not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually;
               'superficial similarities'; 'a superficial mind';
               'his thinking was superficial and fuzzy'; 'superficial knowledge'; 
               'the superficial report didn't give the true picture'; 
               'only superficial differences')
     2. superficial - (relating to a surface; 'superficial measurements';
         'the superficial area of the wall')
         4. skin-deep, superficial, surface - (involving a surface only;
            'her beauty is only skin-deep'; 'superficial bruising'; 'a surface wound')
        WN 'surface':
        1. (2) surface - (on the surface; 'surface materials of the moon')
    2. (2) skin-deep, superficial, surface - (involving a surface only;
        'her beauty is only skin-deep'; 'superficial bruising'; 'a surface wound')

Super-classes External^c

Superfluity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superfluity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superfluity' in WordNet: 1. overplus, plethora, superfluity, embarrassment - (extreme excess; "an embarrassment of riches")`
Super-classes	Excessiveness^c

Superhero^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superhero`
Description	A ''Superhero'' is a fictional ''HumanMutant'' with with extraordinary, typically superhuman powers that permits her/him to perform actions that normal humans cannot, and who usually uses those powers to perform good deeds for people. These are often derived from some ComicBook series. `This sense of for Human 'superheros' - non-humans such as 'MightyMouse' would need a separate type. no WN sense. RHW 'superhero': a hero, esp. in children's comic books and television cartoons, possessing extraordinary, often magical powers.`
Super-classes	FictionalHero^c FictionalIntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value HumanMutant^c isaFictionalPortrayalOf^op value GenericHero^c
Sub-classes	Superman^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Spiderman

Superhighway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superhighway`
Description	A ''Superhighway'' is a ''Highway'' designed for high-speed traffic, usually including 'limited access' - relatively small numbers of entrances and exits, few or no cross-streets, and few or no traffic lights. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superhighway' in WordNet: 1. (1) expressway, freeway, motorway, pike, state highway, superhighway, throughway, thruway - (a broad highway designed for high-speed traffic)`
Super-classes	Highway^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op some HighSpeedTraffic^c enablesOrAssists^op value HighSpeedTraffic^c
Sub-classes	InterstateHighway^c

Superimposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superimposing`
Description	''Superimposing' is an Action in which some SolidObject is place ed directly on top of another. Usually this applies to two partly transparent sheet-like objects, to determine similarities or differences. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'superimpose' in Wordnet: 1. (4) superimpose, superpose, lay over - (place on top of; 'can you superimpose the two images?') WN verb 'overlay': 1. (1) overlay, cover - (put something on top of something else; "cover the meat with a lot of gravy")`
Super-classes	LayeringAnObject^c LocatingInIntendedPosition^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Layered^c

Superior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superior`
Description	An attribute value that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is more than a little above average, in some quality, usually an ability to perform (of people) or to withstand wear or to achieve some purpose (of materials) or to serve as an instrument. `'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superior' in WordNet: 1. (16) superior - (of high or superior quality or performance; 'superior wisdom derived from experience'; 'superior math students')`
Super-classes	GoodnessValue^c
Sub-classes	High-Quality^c

SuperiorSkill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuperiorSkill`
Description	A ''SuperiorSkill'' may be innate; for ''SuperiorSkill'' acquired by study or practice. use subtype ''Prowess'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superior skill' in WordNet: 1. superior skill - (more than ordinary ability)`
Super-classes	Skill^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntenseThan^op value Skill^c
Sub-classes	Prowess^c

SuperiorStatus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuperiorStatus`
Description	''SuperiorStatus'' ''Superiority'' is a ''Status'' (a ''SocialState'') in which some Agent or Group of Agents is viewed more favorably than most others in the same group. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high status' in WordNet: 1. high status - (a position of superior status)`
Super-classes	Superiority^c Status^c
Sub-classes	BeingaMonarch^c Precedence^c Prestige^c BeingInControl^c Stardom^c Championship^c Presidency^c

Superiority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superiority`
Description	''Superiority'' is the PersistentState of being ''Superior''. in some respect. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superiority' in WordNet: 1. (3) superiority, high quality - (the quality of being superior)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value Superior^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Superior^c
Sub-classes	SuperiorStatus^c

Superlative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superlative`
Description	'Superlative' is an AttributeValue that expresses the opinion that the thing characterized is much better than the average for its category. Some of the synonms appear to refer mostly to human performance: ace, crack, topnotch . . . these might be broken out into a subtype. This attribute leaves some room for being better. To specify the utmost best, use ''TheBest''. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'extreme' and sense 1 of 'utmost' and adjective sense 1 of 'super' in WordNet: 1. (1) greatest, sterling, superlative - (highest in quality) WN adjective 'super': 1. (3) ace, A-one, crack, fantastic, first-rate, super, tiptop, topnotch, tops - (of the highest quality; 'an ace reporter'; 'a crack shot'; 'a first-rate golfer'; 'a super party'; 'played top-notch tennis'; 'an athlete in tiptop condition'; 'she is absolutely tops')
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c GoodnessValue^c
Sub-classes	Matchless^c Phenomenal^c Prime^c

SuperlativeAdjective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuperlativeAdjective`
Description	The Superlative form of an Adjective. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'superlative' in WordNet: 3. superlative - (the superlative form of an adjective; ' 'best' is the superlative form of 'good' ')`
Super-classes	Adjective^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_best

Superman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superman`
Description	Each instance of ''Superman'' (in comics or movies) is a ''Superhero'' (a 'FictionalHero') derived from the comic-book character 'Superman' born on the fictional planet 'Krypton', and having exraordinary strength and other superhuman powers. " Its a bird - It's a plane - it's Superman!! "
Super-classes	ComicBookCharacter^c Superhero^c

Supermarket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supermarket`
Description	A ''Supermarket'' is a large ''GroceryStore'' that may sell many other products than ''Food''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supermarket' in WordNet: 1. (1) supermarket - (a large self-service grocery store selling groceries and dairy products and household goods)`
Super-classes	GroceryStore^c
Restrictions	sells^op value HouseholdItems^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Supernatural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supernatural

Description

This sense of ''Supernatural'' covers all things, such as phenomena, that are discussed or postulated and violate in some way the known laws of Physics. Such things are not necessarily spiritual or religious, just non-physical and not subject to experimental verification or disproof.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'supernatural' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) supernatural - (not existing in nature or subject to explanation 
             according to natural laws; not physical or material; 
             'supernatural forces and occurrences and beings')
       WN adj 'metaphysical':
         2. (1) metaphysical - (without material form or substance; 'metaphysical forces')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SupernaturalBeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupernaturalBeing`
Description	A 'SupernaturalBeing' is an IntelligentAgent that has the capacity to perform actions that violate the laws of physics, i.e. who can do magical things. Such a being may or may not have the form of a physical object, but usually has some means of interacting with our real world (otherwise would not have any effect on people, and would be unknown, unknowable, and irrelevant). `From Cyc: The collection of all supernatural beings, including gods, angels, devils, demons, ghosts, spirits, banshees, fairies, elves, and woodland sprites (e.g. the mischievous Puck). Instances of #$SupernaturalBeing might be immortal or mortal, good or evil, intangible or partially tangible.`
Super-classes	Agent-NonArtifact^c CausalAgent^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Supernatural^c
Sub-classes	Spirit^c Fate^c DivineBeing^c

SupernaturalPhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupernaturalPhenomenon`
Description	A ''SupernaturalPhenomenon'' is a ''Phenomenon'' that directly violates some ''LawOfNature''. This definition has a certain vagueness to it, since occasionally newly observed phenomena will seem to contradict known principles of physics, but in those cases the violations are of phenomena that are difficult to observe and depend on calculations and assumptions, and the new observations merely represent natural phenomena not previously observed, explainable by modifications of existing theories. This type is intended to represent Phenomena that directly violate well-established easily observable ''LawOfNature''s. Examples would be something that clearly violated the conservation of matter - materializing something from nothing or making a physical object become nonexistent (not just move to a different place)- or conjuring a 'spirit' that is non-material but visible and able to affect physical objects.
Super-classes	Phenomenon^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Supernatural^c
Sub-classes	Miracle^c ParanormalEvent^c

Supernova^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supernova

Description

A Star that has become a supernova - applies only during the supernova phase, while it is still very luminous at some wavelength..

    In CYC this is the Event of a star exploding:
    This is the collection of supernovae. A supernova
    is the explosion created when  stars of a certain mass
    collapse. They could be considered to be either objects or
        events.

    Corresponds to sense 1 of 'supernova' in WordNet:
    1. supernova - (a star that explodes and becomes extremely
        luminous in the process)

Super-classes Star^c

SupernovaEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupernovaEvent`
Description	An Event in which a Star becomes a Supernova. This is the Event; the star which has become a supernova is represented by 'Supernova' in COSMO. `Sense 1 in RHW: the explosion of a star, possibly caused by gravitational collapse, during which the star's luminosity increases by as much as 20 magnitudes and most of the star's mass is blown away at very high velocity, sometimes leaving behind an extremely dense core.`
Super-classes	AstronomicalEvent^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op some Star^c hadMainParticipant^op some Star^c produces^op some Supernova^c

Superpower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superpower`
Description	CYC: The collection of the world's most dominant countries. Each instance of #$Superpower is very powerful both politically and militarily around the world. Throughout history countries have tended to align themselves with a superpower. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superpower' in WordNet: 1. world power, major power, great power, power, superpower - (a state powerful enough to influence events throughout the world)`
Super-classes	Country^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HighlyInfluential^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Powerful^c

Superseded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superseded`
Description	'Superseded' is an AttributeValue attached to things (objects or astions) that have been superseded in most common use by more recent things, and to people who perform the same function or position or office as a different Person who did the same function. This general sense will be useful to describe artifacts for which newer models have been placed on sale, and have become more widely used than the older versions - such as versions of computer software. For the sense of being deprecated as 'old-fashioned' use the subtype 'OldFashioned'. `Things with this attribute will have been the direct objects of a ''Replacing'' Action.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OldFashioned^c

Supersonic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supersonic

Description

''Supersonic'' is a attribute ''SupersonicSpeed''.and of vehicles (usually airplanes) that move at speeds greater than the ''SpeedOfSound'' (which varies with altitude).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'supersonic' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) supersonic - ((of speed) greater than the speed of sound 
              in a given medium (especially air); 'a supersonic bomber flies so fast 
              that it must release its bombs while the target is still over the horizon')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SupersonicSpeed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupersonicSpeed`
Description	A ''SupersonicSpeed'' is a ''Speed'' greater than the '"SpeedOfSound'. This includes 'hypersonic' speeds, which are usually considered as ''Speed''s greater than 5 times the ''SpeedOfSound''. `Wikipedia: In aerodynamics, a hypersonic speed is one that greatly exceeds the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above.`
Super-classes	HighSpeed^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Supersonic^c isFasterThan^op value SpeedOfSound^c

Superstition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superstition`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$BeliefSystems that are not in accordance with accepted scientific beliefs or scientific methods, but are not accorded the status of #$Religion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superstition' in Wordnet: 1. (9) superstition, superstitious notion - (an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear)`
Super-classes	BeliefSystem^c Belief^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CharmsCauseLuck

Superstitious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Superstitious

Description

''Superstitious'' is an attribute of people who believe in some ''Superstition'', especially who believe in more than one Superstition''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'superstitious' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) superstitious - (showing ignorance or the laws of nature 
             and faith in magic or chance; 'finally realized that the horror
             he felt was superstitious in origin')

Super-classes Irrational^c

Supervising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supervising`
Description	This ''Supervising'' is for direct supervision of a subordinate. CYC: A specialization of #$InfluencingAnAgent. Each instance of #$Supervising is an event in which an agent (the supervisor) directs and oversees the performance of some #$PurposefulAction which is performed by some other agent/s (the supervisee/s). In any instance of #$Supervising there is just one action being supervised; however, that action may have multiple performers. Correponds to verb sense 1 of 'supervise' in Wordnet: 1. (11) oversee, supervise, superintend, manage - (watch and direct; 'Who is overseeing this project?')
Super-classes	InfluencingAnAgent^c ManagementEvent^c ActionGroup^c
Sub-classes	Coordinating^c

Supervisor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supervisor`
Description	A ''Supervisor'' is a 'Manager' (an individual Person) who directly supervises another person, in an Organization hierarchy.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supervisor' in WordNet: 1. (3) supervisor - (one who supervises or has charge and direction of)`
Super-classes	Manager^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Supervising^c directlySupervises^op some (PersonType^c or Subordinate^c)
Sub-classes	Foreman^c

Supervisory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supervisory

Description

''Supervisory'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Supervisor'', or ''Supervisinng'' or related topics.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'supervisory' in Wordnet:
            1. supervisory - (of or limited to or involving supervision; 'in a supervisory capacity')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SupervisoryBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupervisoryBoard`
Description	A ''SupervisoryBoard'' is an ''Committee'' that has some degree of supervisory authority in some context. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'board' in WordNet: 1. (778) board - (a committee having supervisory powers; 'the board has seven members')`
Super-classes	Committee^c Authority^c
Sub-classes	BoardOfDirectors^c SchoolBoard^c

Supper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supper

Description

The specific set of food items eaten as the meal for the early Evening. This may or may not be the same as a Dinner. The act of eating Supper is 'EatingSupper'

     Noun sense 1 of 'supper' in WordNet seems to be the act of eating
     supper.  This is ambiguous, and the WordNet 'supper' will be taken
     in both senses in COSMO:
     in WordNet:
        1. (14) supper - (a light evening meal; served in early evening 
            if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime)

Super-classes Meal^c

Supplanting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supplanting`
Description	''Supplanting'' is used for inanimate objects that come to be used for the same purpose as a different object that had been used for that purpose, and has as subtype ''SucceedingAnAgent'' which is similar but specific for people who have the same function or position of a Person who had that function or position previously. e.g. the electronic calculator supplanted the slide rule, and digital computers supplanted the electronic calculator. Corrresponds to the perfective/adjectival sense of verb 'supersede' sense 1 of in WordNet: 1. (4) supplant, replace, supersede, supervene upon, supercede - (take the place or move into the position of; 'Smith replaced Miller as CEO after Miller left'; 'the computer has supplanted the slide rule'; 'Mary replaced Susan as the team's captain and the highest-ranked player in the school') WN verb 'replace':
Super-classes	ComingLater^c Action^c
Sub-classes	SucceedingAnAgent^c

Supplement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supplement`
Description	A ''Supplement'' is a ''DrugProduct'' that is not a PrescriptionDrug and is intended to 'supplement' potential deficiencies in vitamins or other non-caloric nutrients that may be needed for optimal nutrition.
Super-classes	DrugProduct^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Supplementary^c

Supplementary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supplementary

Description

''Supplementary'' is a subattribute of ''Added'' for things that were added to make up for some perceived lack in an original thing. ''Supplementary'' is mostly ued as an attribute of ''Information-Content'' or ''Document-Physical'' that is added to a base Document (physical or abstract - see ''MainSection'')..

     This may be used for supplements of other types such as a ''Supplement''
       which may be a vitamin supplement or some other type of supplementary nutrient.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'supplementary' in Wordnet:
     2. supplementary, supplemental -
       (added to complete or make up a deficiency; 'produced supplementary volumes')

Super-classes Added^c

Supplier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supplier`
Description	A ''Supplier'' is a ''BusinessPerson''that is a type of ''Vendor' who engages in ''SupplyingGoods'' (materials - Objects or Substances) to other ''Organization''s or to individuals where the materials supplied must be delivered (by the supplier or a third party) to the place of use. This is a specialized use in certain kinds of business that requires supplies of materials for their operations. This includes supplying to resellers, or in some cases such as specialized vendors who deliver goods directly (such as ''Caterer''s), even to individuals or small groups, and also includes one division of an Organization that specializes in supplying other operations of the Organization, as in a Military operation. The ''Supplier''' may be the manufacturer or a distributor or any 'middleman'. This term is usually used for those who sell specialized items or a small variety for use of other businesses, so is does not include retailers who have a large variety of products they sell. `Thus a construction company building a tall building will need a ''Supplier'' of structural steel (or other suitable material). In this sense, 'provider' is not usually used to describe this Activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supplier' in WordNet: 1. (2) supplier, provider - (someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity)`
Super-classes	Vendor^c BusinessPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupplyingGoods^c
Sub-classes	Caterer^c Distributor^c

Supplies^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supplies`
Description	CYC: The collection of food, clothes, and other materials that are stored for later use or delivered or carried to a Place where they are used. `This very general - is any one or more ArtifactObject owned by some agent and kept or made available for use in some Action. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'supply' in WordNet: 1. (21) supply - (an amount of something available for use)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c UsefulObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stored^c hasComponentElement^op only UsefulObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Available^c isOwnedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	ArtSupplies^c

Supply^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supply`
Description	Cyc ('Supplies'): Any collection of food, clothes, or other materials that are stored for later use, and also of some abstract ''Resource'' such as Money. Linguistically often referred to in the plural: 'supplies'. This may be a single stock of a substance ('a supply of gasoline') or stocks of multiple different substances. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supply', sense 4 of 'stock' and sense 2 of 'store' in WordNet: 1. (21) supply - (an amount of something available for use) WN 'stock': 4. (39) store, stock, fund - (a supply of something available for future use; 'he brought back a large store of Cuban cigars')`
Super-classes	Group^c UsefulSource^c Resource^c Object^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stored^c
Sub-classes	Stash^c Account^c Reservoir^c FoodOnTheTable^c WaterStorageObject^c Storehouse^c Provisions^c

SupplyingGoods^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupplyingGoods`
Description	''SupplyingGoods'' is a subtype of 'Equipping' and of ''Selling'' in which some IntelligentAgent (a ''Supplier'') sells (and often delivers) Objects, materials, equipment, and sometimes services associated with the use of the materials sold, to those who use it for purposes other than end consumption. Thus businesses (small or large) that ise materials in their business will have one or more ''Supplier''s who ''SupplyGoods'' to them for use in their business. This is not for retail sales to end users. `Corresponds to a specialized part of verb sense 1 of 'supply' in WordNet: 1. (47) supply, provide, render, furnish - (provide or furnish with; 'We provided the room with an electrical heater')`
Super-classes	Equipping^c Selling^c
Restrictions	hadRecipient^op some Organization^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some Supplier^c

SupplyingWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupplyingWater`
Description	Each ''SupplyingWater'' is an Action in which an Agent transmits Water through a ''WaterSupplySystem'' from a ''WaterWorks'' to some Structures.
Super-classes	DispensingSomething^c ConveyingWaterByPipes^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value WaterSupplySystem^c

Support^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Support`
Description	This ''Support'' is generic for anything, Action or non-material Resource that can be ''Helpful'' to a Person. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'support' in WordNet: 3. (4) support - (something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest; 'the policy found little public support'; 'his faith was all the support he needed'; 'the team enjoyed the support of their fans')`
Super-classes	Resource^c UsefulThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Helpful^c

Supported^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supported`
Description	''Supported'' is a property of something that has received 'support' of some form, including money and 'moral support' and recommendations and good reviews. `Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'supported' in Wordnet: 1. supported - (sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support); 'a club entirely supported by membership dues'; 'well-supported allegations')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Light-NotDark^c
Sub-classes	Broad-based^c

Supporter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supporter`
Description	A ''Supporter'' is a ''Person'' who gives financial or moral support to some cause or organization or PoliticalParty; or candidate or supports a cause by personal effort; someone who performs ''SupportingaCauseOrParty''. The common term 'backer' is not in WN in this sense Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'supporter' and sense 2 of'booster' in WordNet: 1. (1) supporter, protagonist, champion, admirer, booster, friend - (a person who backs a politician or a team etc.; 'all their supporters came out for the game'; 'they are friends of the library') 2. patron, sponsor, supporter - (someone who supports or champions something) WN noun 'booster': 2. promoter, booster, plugger - (someone who is an active supporter and advocate)
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupportingaCauseOrParty^c
Sub-classes	MarxistPerson^c Socialist^c Nazi^c Radical^c Activist^c Democrat^c Loyalist^c CommunistPartyMember^c Pacifist^c Reformer^c Feminist^c RepublicanPartyMember^c Sponsor^c Proponent^c

Supporting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supporting

Description

This attribute ''Supporting'' characterizes things that perform ''SupportingSomething'', i.e. hold or help hold something from falling in a gravitational field; used especally of structural parts that keep a building or other stricture from collapsing.. Not for 'supporting' actors or 'causes'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'supporting' in Wordnet:
         2. load-bearing, supporting - (capable of bearing a structural load; 
           'a supporting wall')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SupportingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingAction`
Description	''SupportingAction'' is the subtype of ''SupportingaCauseOrParty'' in which the ''Supporter'' performs personal actions such as demonstrating, contacting legislators,
Super-classes	PlannedAction^c SupportingaCauseOrParty^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Activist^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Activism^c
Sub-classes	SupportingReform^c Resistance^c SupportingFeminism^c SupportingEnvironmentalProtection^c

SupportingConveyance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingConveyance`
Description	A ''SupportingConveyance'' is a ''Conveyance'' that has a primary design purpose to move objects other than itself in a controlled fashion between two locations. This is a very general category, which includes conveyor belts and other stationary conveyances, as well as the usual vehicles, airplanes, and watercraft. It does not include animals used for riding or for pulling wagons, though the wagons pulled by animals would be classified in this category. `Not all Conveyances are Devices. For example, skis or roller skates are borderline Conveyances, but are not Devices. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conveyance' in Wordnet: 3. conveyance, transport - (something that serves as a means of transportation)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Conveyance^c Carrier^c
Sub-classes	AmusementParkRide^c TransportationDevice^c MobilePlatform^c MountableTransporter^c TransportationContainerProduct^c AirConveyance^c

SupportingEnvironmentalProtection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingEnvironmentalProtection`
Description	''SupportingEnvironmentalProtection'' is a ''SupportingAction'' that is directed at supporting preservation of the natural environment..
Super-classes	SupportingAction^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some (EcologicalPlace^c or EnvironmentalCondition^c) isPerformedBy^op value Environmentalist^c

SupportingFeminism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingFeminism`
Description	''SupportingFeminism'' is a ''SupportingAction'' that is directed at supporting Actions that advance the cause of ''Feminism''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feminist movement' in WordNet: 1. feminist movement, feminism, women's liberation movement, women's lib - (the movement aimed at equal rights for women)`
Super-classes	SupportingAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Feminist^c hasCauseOrAgentSupported^op value Feminism^c

SupportingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingObject`
Description	A SupportingObject is an ArtifactObject that was designed to serve as a support, to hold something in a particular place in a gravitational field. This is a very broad category, including chairs, lamp posts, and various platforms, as well as conveyances and vertically aligned objects designed to support something by keeping it from falling sidewise, not just vertically (such as a ''Bookend'' or the back rest of certain seating devices, or a pole or trellis supporting a plant ties to it). IT also includes supports that are part of a path, such as a ladder. But it does not include floors or other integral parts of structures, or flexible supports such as a rope stretched across two supporting anchors, or a hammock stretched between two trees. The categories will usually be classified by what the SupportingObject is designed to support. A chair, for example, is designed to support one person while sitting. Includes senses 7 and 10 of 'support' and noun sense 6 of 'rest' in WordNet: 7. (2) support - (supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation; 'the statue stood on a marble support') 10. (1) support - (any device that bears the weight of another thing; 'there was no place to attach supports for a shelf') WN noun 'rest': 6. (1) rest - (a support on which things can be put; 'the gun was steadied on a special rest')
Super-classes	RigidObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value SupportingSomething^c isDesignedToSupport^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	FurnitureLeg^c Hanger^c WaterSki^c Runner^c SnowBoard^c NearlyFlatHolder^c Spoke^c Stilt^c Foothold^c Perch^c Pad^c Crutch^c LegOfArtifact^c WalkingStick^c Pylon^c DraperyHook^c SteppingStone^c Candlestick^c Ladder^c Columns^c Object-SupportingFurniture^c SupportingConveyance^c ArtifactBase^c WallBracket^c Stair^c Column^c TipToes^c Post^c Flagpole^c WindSurfboard^c Stirrup^c Truss^c Person-SupportingFurniture^c Prop^c Surfboard^c Garter^c Axle^c SupportingWheel^c Splint^c PictureHook^c Oarlock^c Tourniquet^c StructuralMember^c Sill^c Baluster^c SeatingDevice^c ClothingRod^c Brassiere^c Framework^c Tripod^c Ripcord^c ShowerCurtainRing^c SmallSupportingStand^c Bookend^c Sling^c ShortLegOfArtifact^c FishingLine^c Fulcrum^c BackRest^c Clothesline^c Platform^c Beam^c Walker^c Shelf^c BaseOfObject^c Rocker^c ArmRest^c ArtifactStem^c Rack^c BearingObject^c Rung^c SupportingStructure^c Ski^c Barbell^c

SupportingOrganismPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingOrganismPart`
Description	A SupportingOrganismPart is an OrganismPart that is solid and serves to support other parts of the organism. The supporting function need not be its only evolved purpose, but it should be clearly important for the organism. skeletons (exo and endo), and tree trunks are examples.
Super-classes	OrganismPart^c RigidObject^c
Sub-classes	SkeletalSystem^c

SupportingReform^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingReform`
Description	''SupportingReform'' is a ''SupportingAction'' that is direced at supporting a ''Reforming''action.
Super-classes	SupportingAction^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some (Reforming^c or Campaign^c) isPerformedBy^op value Reformer^c

SupportingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingSomething`
Description	An Action in which one solid object (the Actor) supports an other object (the patient) in a gravitational field; the supporting action prevents the patient from falling to the ground level. This is very broad, but does not include the notion of being supported by (floating in) a liquid; for that Event, see 'FloatingEvent'. In RHW verb 'bear' has this as sense 1: to hold up; support: to bear the weight of the roof. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'support' in WordNet: 4. (14) hold, support, sustain, hold up - (be the physical support of; carry the weight of; 'The beam holds up the roof'; 'He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam'; 'What's holding that mirror?') WN verb 'bear': 12. hold, carry, bear - (support or hold in a certain manner; 'She holds her head high'; 'He carried himself upright') WN noun 'supporting': 1. (1) support, supporting - (the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening; 'he leaned against the wall for support')
Super-classes	ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation^c Action^c DualObjectEvent^c
Sub-classes	UnderpinningAnObject^c WearingSomething^c ProppingSomethingUp^c SupportingSomethingWithTheHand^c TwiddlingSomething^c

SupportingSomethingWithTheHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingSomethingWithTheHand`
Description	''SupportingSomethingWithTheHand'' is an transitive Action that is a ''PersistentState'' during which some PhysicalObjectis supported (in a gravitational field) by being held in a Person's Hand in some fashion, as by supporting with a cupped hand or by holding something that has a handle by grasping its handle. This is notnecessarily a ''Grasping'' as holding (e.g. a tiny bird) in the cupped hand does not apply any force from the hand,just gravity. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'hold' in WordNet: 3. (434) hold, take hold - (have or hold in one's hands or grip; 'Hold this bowl for a moment, please'; 'A crazy idea took hold of him')`
Super-classes	HoldingAnObject^c HumanActivity^c UsingTheHand^c SupportingSomething^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BeingSupported^c requiredBodypart^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	HoldingWithHand^c

SupportingStructure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingStructure`
Description	A ''SupportingStructure'' is a ''SupportingObject'' that has more than one component part. This is intended to represent the parent type for Objects that are constructed of multiple parts (by humans or nature) for the purpose of supporting objects, whether outside or inside the structure. For Nature, one example is a ''SkeletalSystem''; for artifacts an example is a building framework. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supporting structure' in WordNet: 1. supporting structure - (a structure that serves to support something)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupportingSomething^c hasComponentPart^op value PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	SkeletalSystem^c

SupportingSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingSurface`
Description	A ''SupportingSurface'' is a flat horizontal ArtifactObject, which can be located indoors or out, which is designed to support and allow movement of PhysicalObjects such as people, animals, vehicles, or other objects whether used int ransporting things or intended to remain stationary while in use. This includes the ''floor'' of a construction as well as pavements such as roads sidewalks or other paths. A ground surface that has been graded to allow movement of people or vehicles is included and is considered as an ''ArtifactObject''.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c GroundOrFloor^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value PhysicalObject^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Locomotion-SolidSurface^c
Sub-classes	Floor^c PavedSurface^c AutoFloorboard^c

SupportingWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingWheel`
Description	A SupportingWheel is a wheel that was designed to serve as the support for a wheeled conveyance. Note that wheels on airplanes are considered supporting wheels, even though airplanes are not WheeledTransportationDevices (which must use only wheels to assist their movement); the wheels on an airplane do support it while the plane is moving on the ground.. The wheels on a wheelbarrow, or on a push cart are also supporting wheels. The small wheels on the casters of a piece of movable furniture are borderline members of this class. `This is both a 'Part' (a Role) and a PhysicalObject. Note that SupportingWheels are RigidObjects, and should not distort more than 10% (by design) when supporting their own weight. They may distort more when supporting a vehicle, or, if inflatable, when flat (though not functional when flat, as an Artifact it still retains its identity as a SupportingWheel, with a 'non-functional' or 'poorly functional' attribute)`
Super-classes	Part^c SupportingObject^c Wheel^c
Restrictions	supportsThingInEvent^op value TransportationEvent^c isDesignedToSupport^op value WheeledTransportationDevice^c supports^op value SupportingConveyance^c
Sub-classes	RearRightWheel^c RearLeftWheel^c FrontRightWheel^c RollerWheel^c FrontLeftWheel^c

SupportingaCauseOrParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupportingaCauseOrParty`
Description	''SupportingaCauseOrParty'' is a broad class of Actions in which a Person publicly demonstrates support for a cause - charitable or political - or a Party or an Organization This includes 'to advocate for' (not legal), 'to champion' to donate time or money to a cause, or to vote for a proposal. Subtypes can be more specific. Voting for a candidate by secret ballot is not included, as the supporting action has to be public. `This is for public or psychological support; for monetary support, use ''ProvidingMaterialSupport'' and subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'support' in WordNet: 3. (14) back, endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support - (be behind; approve of; 'He plumped for the Labor Party'; 'I backed Kennedy in 1960') WN verb 'champion': 1. (1) champion, defend - (protect or fight for as a champion)`
Super-classes	ShowingSupportForSomething^c Benefiting^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some (Action^c or ActionType^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or AgentType^c or GenericAgent^c or Campaign^c)
Sub-classes	Rallying^c SupportingAction^c

Supportive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supportive

Description

''Supportive'' is an attribute of people, Groups of people or other IntelligentAgents that provide material or pschological support (help, assistance) to some Person.

        Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'supportive' in WordNet:
          1. (5) supportive - (furnishing support or assistance;
            'a supportive family network'; 'his family was supportive 
                of his attempts to be a writer')

Super-classes Helpful^c
EvaluativeAttribute^c

Supposed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supposed

Description

Believed or asserted to be true,by some source with some (perhaps minimal) degree of credibility. This excludes sense 5 of 'supposed' that suggestsdoubt ('alleged', 'so-called') .

       Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, 4, and to 6 of 'supposed' in WordNet:
          1. (5) supposed - (firmly believed; 'the way things are supposed to be')
          2. (2) supposed - (mistakenly believed; 'the supposed existence of ghosts')
          3. (2) putative, purported, reputed, supposed - (commonly put forth or accepted
               as true on inconclusive grounds; 'the foundling's putative father'; 
               'the reputed (or purported) author of the book'; 'the supposed date of birth')
          4. (1) supposed - (designed to; 'medication that is supposed to relieve pain'; 
               'what's that gadget supposed to do?')
          6. supposed - (required or under orders; 'I'm supposed to be there at ten';
              'he was supposed to go to the store')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Supposedly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supposedly

Description

''Supposedly'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the phrase embedding the word is 'Supposed' (believed to be true), though not asserting that the speaker is certain it is true.

          Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'supposedly' in WordNet:
            1. (4) purportedly, supposedly - (believed or reputed to be the case)

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Supposing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supposing`
Description	''Supposing'' is a ''Speculating'' in''Speech''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suppose' in Wordnet: 1. (47) suppose, say - (express a supposition; 'Let us say that he did not tell the truth'; 'Let's say you had a lot of money - what would you do?')`
Super-classes	Speaking^c Speculating^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Hypothesis^c

Suppository^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suppository

Description

An object composed of a substance which is hard at room temperature, but soft at body temperature, and which is inserted into either the anus or the vagina where its contents are absorbed.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suppository' in WordNet:
          1. suppository - (a small plug of medication designed for insertion 
             into the rectum or vagina where it melts)

Super-classes DrugObject^c

Suppressed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suppressed

Description

''Suppressed'' is a subattribute of ''Forgotten'' for something once known - an Experience or other memory - that a Person intentionally forgets, usually because remembering it is unpleasant.

       This sense of 'suppressed' is not in WN.

Super-classes Forgotten^c
PastParticiple^c
Stifled^c

SuppressingActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuppressingActivity`
Description	''SuppressingActivity'' is a ''KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething'' that where the agent is a ''GroupOfPeople''. NOTE: this 'suppressing' may not be complete or long-lasting. For long-lasting suppression,use subtype ''Quelling''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'suppress' in WordNet: 1. (4) suppress, stamp down, inhibit, subdue, conquer, curb - (to put down by force or authority; 'suppress a nascent uprising'; 'stamp down on littering'; 'conquer one's desires') 2. (1) oppress, suppress, crush - (come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority; 'The government oppresses political activists') WN noun 'suppression' (part): 3. suppression, crushing, quelling, stifling - (forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority; 'the suppression of heresy'; 'the quelling of the rebellion'; 'the stifling of all dissent')
Super-classes	KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Authority^c hadAffectedAgent^op value GroupOfPeople^c prevents^op value Action^c
Sub-classes	Quelling^c SubduingByForce^c

SuppressingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuppressingInformation`
Description	''SuppressingInformation'' is a form of 'Secrecy' in which an Organization (government or private) keeps information secret that would normally be released to the public. `Corresponds most closely to RHW sense 3 of 'suppress': 4. to withhold from disclosure or publication (truth, evidence, a book, names, etc.)`
Super-classes	Secrecy^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Organization^c

Supremacy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supremacy`
Description	''Supremacy'' is a ''BeingInControl'' (a state) in which the agent is not only 'superior' to some other in some context, but is superior to all others in that context. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supremacy' in WordNet: 1. (4) domination, mastery, supremacy - (power to dominate or defeat; 'mastery of the seas')`
Super-classes	BeingInControl^c
Restrictions	impliesAgentAttribute^op value ControllingAuthority^c

Supreme^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Supreme

Description

''Supreme'' is an attribute of something that is the prominent or most powerful among some specific group of things. Most commonly used of a 'Supreme Court'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'supreme' in WordNet:
          2. (3) sovereign, supreme - (greatest in status or authority or power; 'a supreme tribunal')

Super-classes Greatest^c

SupressingaMemory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SupressingaMemory

Description

''SupressingaMemory'' is an ''IntentionalForgetting'' in which an intelligent agent intentionally or by unconscious desire forgets something (as an unleasant experience) that was once in the conscious.

       RHUDEL verb 'supress': 3. to keep in or repress (a feeling, smile, groan, etc.)

        Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'suppress' in WordNet:
          5. suppress, repress - (put out of one's consciousness)

Super-classes StiflingAnImpulse^c
IntentionalForgetting^c

Surcharge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surcharge`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surcharge' in WordNet: 1. surcharge - (an additional charge (as for items previously omitted or as a penalty for failure to exercise common caution or common skill))`
Super-classes	MoneyCharges^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Surcharging^c isTheMainTopicOf^op value Surcharging^c

Surcharging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surcharging`
Description	''Surcharging'' is a ''RequestingPayment'' Action in which some vendor adds an additional fee for some service or product that was not included in the more general service or product. `(an additional charge (as for items prev (the price charged for some Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'surcharge' in Wordnet: 1. surcharge - (charge an extra fee, as for a special service)`
Super-classes	RequestingPayment^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Surcharge^c hasTopic^op value MoneyCharges^c hasTopic^op value PaymentRequestContent^c

Sure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sure

Description

The attribute of someone who feels certain that something is true, or that something will happen.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'certain'and sense 1 of 'sure' in WordNet:
     2. (16) certain, sure - (having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty;
        confident and assured; 'felt certain of success'; 
        'was sure (or certain) she had seen it'; 'was very sure in his beliefs';
        'sure of her friends')

Super-classes FeelingAttribute^c

Surety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surety`
Description	''Surety'' is one term ('security' is more common) for some form of ''Propery'' owned by one Person and legally entitled to be taken by another Person if some condition agreed to by both parties is not met. Most commonly, RealEstate is held as Security for a Mortgage loan. Any item 'pawned' is Security for repayment of the pawner's loan. A ''Surety'' is ''AtRisk'' of loss in case of default. Rental security deposits are another subtype. NOTE: unclear of the WN view of relation between 'collateral' and 'surety. Here they are conflated. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'security' and sense 1 of 'collateral' in WordNet: 8. (10) security, surety - (property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation; 'bankers are reluctant to lend without good security') WN noun 'collateral': 1. collateral - (a security pledged for the repayment of a loan)
Super-classes	Property^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value AtRisk^c
Sub-classes	BailBond^c MortgagedRealEstate^c

Surf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surf`
Description	''Surf'' is the Group of Waves moving toward and 'breaking' on the shore - from small to large. This can be used for one wave or more commonly for a series of waves - not logically distinguished here. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surf' in WordNet: 1. (1) surf, breaker, breakers - (waves breaking on the shore)`
Super-classes	WaterWave^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Shore^c movesRelativeTo^op value Shore^c

Surface-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surface-Generic`
Description	A specialization of #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing and #$SpaceRegionLimit. This is the collection of all surfaces, tangible or intangible (see #$Surface-Physical and #$Surface-Intangible), of spatial things. Each instance of #$Surface-Generic is a spatial thing that has extent in at least two dimensions, and either has no thickness (i.e. is a purely two-dimensional object) or has an insignificant thickness compared to its length and width. (If it is a closed surface, e.g. an apple skin, then any significant subregion of it must have insignificant thickness compared to that subregion's length and width.) Thus a surface might be two- or three-dimensional; tangible or intangible; spatially connected or not; it might be flat, curved, folded, or crumpled. Other examples of surfaces are the skin of a basketball, the face-up side of a table top, and a particular face of an abstract cube. Other specializations of #$Surface-Generic are #$FlatSurface, #$Surface-Closed, and #$Surface-Open. `NOTE: the general sense of 'surface' including abstract objects doesn't seem to occur in WordNet. See 'Surface-Physical' for the surfaces of physical things`
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalThing^c GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	ConcaveObject^c GeographicalArea^c Surface-Open^c GeographicalRegion[Cyc-includes_other_planets]^c Surface-Physical^c ConvexObject^c Surface-Intangible^c

Surface-Intangible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surface-Intangible`
Description	A specialization of both #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible and #$Surface-Generic. Each instance of #$Surface-Intangible is an intangible, geometrically describable surface of a spatial thing. Examples are the convex hull (see #$ConvexHullFn) of a coffee table or the surface of an abstract sphere. A non-example is the glossy surface of a polished tabletop, since this is a physical surface, and thus tangible (cf. #$Surface-Physical)
Super-classes	GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible^c Surface-Generic^c
Sub-classes	GeographicalArea-Intangible^c SpaceSurface^c ConvexHull^c

Surface-Open^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surface-Open`
Description	A specialization of #$Surface-Generic (q.v.).This is the collection of open surfaces of (tangible or intangible) spatial objects. Each instance of #$Surface-Open has some boundary, such as an edge, perimeter, or hole. Examples include the top surface of a tabletop, the surface of a whiffle ball, a slightly cracked eggshell, and the skin of an apple with a bite taken from it. Non-examples are a basketball skin and an intact eggshell; cf. #$Surface-Closed. Note that 'hole' here is intended in its colloquial, human-scale sense, according to which (e.g.) a wiffle ball has holes but a baseball does not (even though at some fine-grained level the latter does have tiny holes)
Super-classes	Surface-Generic^c
Sub-classes	Fabric^c Screen^c PieceOfCloth^c BasketballNet^c Banner^c TableCovering^c Bedcloth^c BedCover^c StrawFabric^c Flag^c SomethingToWearPart^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c

Surface-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surface-Physical`
Description	A specialization of #$Surface-Generic and #$PartiallyTangible. This is the collection of all physical (and thus technically three-dimensional) surfaces, i.e. tangible surfaces of tangible objects. Each instance of #$Surface-Physical has a (non-zero) thickness that is much less than its average length or width. A physical surface might have holes, tears, or be unconnected and in multiple pieces; it might be flat, curved, or crumpled. Examples include the skin of an apple and the top side of a tabletop. Cf. #$Surface-Intangible. This 'surface' is a physical part of an Object, and can include part of an object to some depth, such as a surface layer. For the surface portion so thin all parts of it are visible externally, and can be cleaned by a 'CleaningaSurfaceEvent' use 'OuterPhysicalSurface'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'surface' in WordNet: 2. (39) surface - (the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; 'they skimmed over the surface of the water'; 'a brush small enough to clean every dental surface'; 'the sun has no distinct surface')
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Surface-Generic^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Side^c HorizontalSurface^c Palm^c Wave-Liquid^c OuterPhysicalSurface^c Incline^c Screen^c Billow^c Interface^c SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c Knuckle^c PlanetarySurfaceObject^c SomethingToWearPart^c SurfacePortion^c

SurfaceAppearance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceAppearance`
Description	The ''SurfaceAppearance'' is the ''Appearance'' of the Surface of a ''SolidObject''. This includes any attribute that can be observed on an object's surface e.g.: color, smoothness or roughness, patterns, glossiness or matteness or roughness, shape, or any other surface Attribute or AttributeType that can be evaluated by observing the surface.
Super-classes	Appearance^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op some SurfaceOfaHardObject^c
Sub-classes	SurfaceFinish^c

SurfaceAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceAttribute`
Description	The AttributeTypeType that takes values that are AttributeValues that characterize the surface of a PhysicalObject, whether solid or liquid.
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c

SurfaceAttributeChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceAttributeChange`
Description	A''SurfaceAttributeChange'' is subtype of ''ImpartingAnAttribute'' in which the surface of some PhysicalObject undergoes a change (by a transitive or intansitive process) in some attribute or feature of its surface. Surface features can change by internal processes, so this is not necessarily an Action. `NOTE that this can be a change on the surface of a body of liquid (e.g.Water), so the objectModified is not necessarily Solid. See also ''CausingAnAttributeChange''. The Object whose surface is modified is pointed to by the relation ''hadObjectModified''`
Super-classes	ImpartingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Speckling^c

SurfaceAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceAttributeValue`
Description	Any AttributeValue that characterizes the surface of a PhysicalObject, whether solid or liquid. `Subtype AttributeValue of this type can be expressed by using the relation: isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving (some Subtype of ''Pattern'')`
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bumpy^c Smooth^c CrissCrossed^c Textured^c Uneven^c MostlyFlat^c Slippery^c SolidColored^c Concave^c Patterned^c Waxy^c

SurfaceChangeEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceChangeEvent`
Description	A ''SurfaceChangeEvent'' is the most generic Event in which some part or attribute of a ''SurfaceOfaSolidObject'' is changed in some way. This includes transitive and intransitive senses. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'change surface' in Wordnet: 1. change surface - (undergo or cause to undergo a change in the surface)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c CausingChange^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value Color^c hadThingAffected^op value SurfaceOfaSolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Blotting^c

SurfaceFilm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceFilm`
Description	A thin film of liquid or semiliquid or solid substance adhering to a surface - usually to a solid surface, but also the thin film of a liquid that may rest on top of another liquid, as an oil film on water. A 'film' of dust on a surface is not a subtype. @ToDo: how to represent that?? Not really a substance. Corresponds roughly to part of noun sense 3 of 'film'and noun sense 1 of 'skim' and part of non sense 3 of 'slick (an oil slick) in WordNet: 3. (42) film - (a thin coating or layer; 'the table was covered with a film of dust') WN noun 'skim': 1. skim - (a thin layer covering the surface of a liquid; 'there was a thin skim of oil on the water') WN noun 'slick': 3. slick - (a film of oil or garbage floating on top of water)
Super-classes	Film-SheetOrCoating^c
Sub-classes	Frost^c

SurfaceFinish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceFinish`
Description	The ''SurfaceFinish is the ''SurfaceAppearance'' of a ''SolidObject'' that has had some process applied to the surface to give it a certain appearance. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'finish' (the surface appearance, not the substance) in WordNet: 1. (238) coating, finish, finishing - (a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance); 'the boat had a metallic finish'; 'he applied a coat of a clear finish'; 'when the finish is too thin it is difficult to apply evenly')`
Super-classes	SurfaceAppearance^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value FinishingAnArtifactSurface^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c

SurfaceObjectType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceObjectType`
Description	Each instance of 'SurfaceObjectType'' is a type of Object that is an outer surface on a PhysicalObject that can be covered by some other object - i.e.it can be an object of the relation ''isDesignedToCover''.
Super-classes	CoverableObjectType^c
Members	Roof ExteriorWall

SurfaceOfaHardObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceOfaHardObject`
Description	A ''SurfaceOfaHardObject'' is the ''SurfacePortion'' of a hard ''PhysicalObject'' (a ''"HardObject''). This is a special category added to fill in the meaning of ''Cushioning'' an object by adding padding to its surface.
Super-classes	SurfaceOfaSolidObject^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value HardObject^c
Sub-classes	InsideSurface^c Veneer^c

SurfaceOfaSolidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceOfaSolidObject`
Description	A ''SurfaceOfaSolidObject'' is the ''SurfacePortion'' (a part) of a solid ''PhysicalObject'' (a ''SolidObject''). `NOTE that this could be an ''InsideSurface'' for ''SolidObject''s that have accessible innterior regions.`
Super-classes	SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c SurfacePortion^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	SurfaceOfaHardObject^c

SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceOnTangibleObject`
Description	A specialization of both #$Surface-Physical and #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Each instance of #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject is a sheet-like surface (that is, a surface with one dimension significantly smaller than the other two) of a partially tangible object. Such a surface is neither unconnected nor in multiple pieces. Furthermore, the properties of such a surface differ noticeably from the properties of the partially tangible object covered by the surface. So a veneer surface of a table would be an instance of #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject, while the surface of a wooden table with no lining would not. Further positive examples include carpet that is part of a floor, paint on a wall, the earth's crust, and the crust on a piece of bread.
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c
Sub-classes	WaterSurface^c Driveway^c SurfaceOfaSolidObject^c RoughSurface^c Coating^c BodySurface^c BodyCovering^c FlatSurfacePortion^c OuterPhysicalSurface^c ParkingSpace^c

SurfacePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfacePart`
Description	Each 'SurfacePart' is a Part of some ''Surface-Generic'' that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. `This is added primarily in order to represent ''BlankSpace'' for the notion of 'filling in the blanks' whether on an AbstractDocument (as represented on a computer screen) or on a ''PhysicalPage''`
Super-classes	Part^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op value Surface-Generic^c
Sub-classes	PagePart^c CellMembrane^c

SurfacePattern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfacePattern`
Description	A ''SurfacePattern'' is a ''VisualPattern'' that can be perceived on the surface of some SolidObject.. design, pattern, figure
Super-classes	VisualPattern^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalDesign^c

SurfacePortion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfacePortion`
Description	Any part of the surface of a PhysicalObject, which may include the whole surface (see the subtype 'ExternalSurface-WholeThing'). NOTE that this includes the outer rim of a PhysicalObject that is mostly spread out in two dimensions, such as the wall of a medieval city or of a fort..
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	FruitPeel^c FlatSurfacePortion^c TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject^c ContrastingPatchOfSurface^c Hull^c ExternalSurface-WholeThing^c SurfaceOfaSolidObject^c WorkSurface^c FruitParing^c

SurfaceReceptor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceReceptor`
Description	A ''SurfaceReceptor'' is a ''CellSurfacePart'' that functions to detect substances (''Solute''s in the cell environment) or conditions (e.g. light) in the immediate environment and react to cause responsive changes in the interior of the ''Cell'. `This type includes WN sense 1 of 'receptor' but is for all types of cells, not only nervous tisue, and is only for surface receptors able to detect external phenomena. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'receptor' in WordNet: 1. receptor - (a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response)`
Super-classes	CellSurfacePart^c Sensor^c
Restrictions	detects^op value Solute^c

SurfaceSpike^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfaceSpike`
Description	A nail-like (long and thin) protrusion on the surface of some PhysicalObject, natural or artifactual. `Includes noun senses 2, 6, 7, and 8 of 'spike' in WordNet, and also includes nail-like protrusions from biological Organisms (see the subtype ''SpineSpikeOrQuill''): in WordNet: 2. (1) spike - (sports equipment consisting of a sharp point on the sole of a shoe worn by athletes; 'spikes provide greater traction') 6. spike - (a sharp-pointed projection along the top of a fence or wall)`
Super-classes	StraightLongAndThinObject^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Nail^c
Sub-classes	SpineSpikeOrQuill^c NerveFiber^c

Surfactant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surfactant`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO a Surfactant is a class of chemicals having certain properties, and is not necessarily a 'cleaning agent', as in Cyc. A PhysicalSubstance having chemical properties that enable it to be added to mixtures of water and other materials, and to emulsify some of the solid or insoluble materials, so that the insoluble materials become dispersed in the water. The most common surfactants are used as soaps or detergents, but there are other specialized uses. Cyc: Stuff used as cleanser. Solubilizes oil and grease. SUMO: Surfactants, also known as Wetting agents, lower the surface tension of a Liquid, allowing easier spreading. The term surfactant is a compression of 'Surface active agent'. Surfactants are usually organic compounds that contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, and are thus semi-soluble in both organic and aqueous solvents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surfactant' in WordNet: 1. (3) wetting agent, wetter, surfactant, surface-active agent - (a substance capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved)
Super-classes	WaterSolubleStuff^c
Sub-classes	Soap^c Shampoo^c Detergent^c

SurfactantSolution^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurfactantSolution`
Description	An Aqueous solution having surfactants, usually but not always used for 'Washing'. Surfacant solutions are sometimes used in manipulating biological materials.
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c AqueousSolution^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Surfactant^c isaRequiredResourceFor^op some WashingEvent^c

Surfboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surfboard`
Description	CYC: The collection of all surfboards. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surfboard' in WordNet: 1. surfboard - (a narrow buoyant board for riding surf)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Board^c SportsEquipment^c SupportingObject^c Device-UserControlled^c Device-SingleUser^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Surfer^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Surfer^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Surfing^c

Surfer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surfer`
Description	A ''Surfer'' is a ''Person'' who is ''Surfing'' or likes to perform ''Surfing'' `NOTE: this is unrelated to using the Internet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surfer' in WordNet: 1. surfer, surfboarder - (someone who engages in surfboarding)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Surfing^c

Surfing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surfing`
Description	CYC: The collection of all surfing events. `NOTE: this can only be done when the 'surf is up', so it requires ''Surf''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'surf' in WordNet: 1. surfboard, surf - (ride the waves of the sea with a surfboard; 'Californians love to surf') WN noun 'surfing': 1. surfing, surfboarding, surfriding - (the sport of riding a surfboard toward the shore on the crest of a wave)`
Super-classes	AthleticActivity^c WaterSportActivity^c MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Surfboard^c requiresResource^op value Surf^c occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value BodyOfWater^c occursAt^op value Shoreline^c

Surge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surge`
Description	A sudden increase in something measured quantitatively, usually in some kind of activity or price. @ToDo possible to distinguish Quantitative (crime rate) from non-quantitative effects (emotion) `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'surge' and verb sense 4 of 'soar' in WordNet: 1. (4) rush, spate, surge, upsurge - (a sudden forceful flow) 2. (2) surge, upsurge - (a sudden or abrupt strong increase; 'stimulated a surge of speculation'; 'an upsurge of emotion'; 'an upsurge in violent crime') WN verb 'soar': 4. (1) soar - (go or move upward; 'The stock market soared after the cease-fire was announced')`
Super-classes	IncreaseInaQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Burst^c

Surgeon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surgeon`
Description	CYC: Surgeons are doctors who specialize in the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and pathological conditions requiring manual or instrumental operative procedures. `SUMO: The Profession of being a surgeon, i.e. being a medical doctor who specializes in performing surgical operations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surgeon' in Wordnet: 1. (9) surgeon, operating surgeon, sawbones - (a physician who specializes in surgery)`
Super-classes	MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Surgery^c hasCharacteristicActivity^op value Surgery^c
Sub-classes	AbdominalSurgeon^c

Surgery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surgery`
Description	Cyc: A specialization of #$MedicalCareEvent. Each instance of #$Surgery is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of a living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (an instance of #$MedicalTreatmentEvent). Instances of #$Surgery which are also instances of #$MedicalTreatmentEvent include: removal of some object - such as a cancer or an organ that's causing trouble - from the body; insertion of a medical device (e.g, a pacemaker) into the body; repair of some internal structure. COSMO Note: This is the general act of surgery, without distinction as to purpose. Cyc makes the distinction between surgery to repair an illness and other types of surgery. In COSMO that distinction is not (v0.3) represented in this Type, but the more specific Cyc type 'SurgicalTreatment' is included as a subType of this Type. SUMO: Any TherapeuticProcess that involves making an incision in the Animal that is the patient of the TherapeuticProcess. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'surgery' and noun sense 5 of 'operation' and verb sense 7 of 'operate' in WordNet: 7. operate on, operate - (perform surgery on; 'The doctors operated on the patient but failed to save his life') WN 'surgery' 4. operation, surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process - (a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; 'they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available'; 'he died while undergoing surgery')
Super-classes	TherapeuticProcess^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value SurgicalIncision^c
Sub-classes	AbdominalSurgery^c OptionalSurgery^c SurgicalTreatment^c

Surgical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surgical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'surgical' in Wordnet: 1. surgical - (of or relating to or involving or used in surgery; 'surgical instruments'; 'surgical intervention')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

SurgicalIncision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurgicalIncision`
Description	''SurgicalIncision'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' where the 'something' cut is part of the skin on an animal (usually a Person), and the tool used is a surgical knife. This is a part of almost every surgery (except for those inserting small cutters through tubes inserted into thebdy). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surgical incision' in WordNet: 1. incision, section, surgical incision - (the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation))`
Super-classes	AbradingSomething^c MarkingOnASurface^c CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Surgery^c produces^op value Incision^c hadObjectPenetrated^op value Skin^c

SurgicalInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurgicalInstrument`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surgical instrument' in WordNet: 1. surgical instrument - (a medical instrument used in surgery)`
Super-classes	MedicalInstrument^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Surgery^c
Sub-classes	Hemostat^c SurgicalKnife^c

SurgicalKnife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurgicalKnife`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surgical knife' in WordNet: 1. surgical knife - (a very sharp knife used in surgery)`
Super-classes	SurgicalInstrument^c ManufacturedGoods^c HandSizedObject^c Knife^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 14.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VerySharp^c isSmallerThan^op value TableKnife^c isUsedInAction^op value Surgery^c

SurgicalMask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurgicalMask`
Description	A ''SurgicalMask'' is a cloth ''Mask'' designed to protect a person from inhalation of infectous agents (bacteria or viruses), by fltering the Air inhaled or exhaled through a cloth that filters out particulate objects. This type is also used for masks that prevent workmen from inhaling dust from the materials they are working on. `This can be divided into subtypes.`
Super-classes	Mask^c PhysicalFilter^c Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value ProtectingPassively^c hasDesignFunction^op value Filtering^c

SurgicalRemoval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurgicalRemoval`
Description
Super-classes	SurgicalTreatment^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some Surgery^c hadThingTransferred^op some AnimalBodyPartType^c
Sub-classes	Hysterectomy^c Amputation^c

SurgicalTreatment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurgicalTreatment`
Description	This is the collection of surgeries which are #$MedicalTreatmentEvents, that is, it includes surgery designed to treat a medical condition, but excludes both diagnostic and cosmetic surgery.
Super-classes	Surgery^c
Sub-classes	SurgicalRemoval^c Appendectomy^c Tonsillectomy^c

SurgicallyPrecise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurgicallyPrecise

Description

''SurgicallyPrecise'' is the attribute of a ''PurposefulAction'' that was performed skillfully and resulting in exactly the effect intended, with little deviation from 'perfect'. This concept is often expressed as 'surgical'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'surgical' in Wordnet:
         3. surgical - (performed with great precision; "a surgical air strike")

Super-classes Accurate^c
Skillful^c
Painstaking^c

Suricate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suricate

Description

       NOTE: this may be synonymous with ''Meerkat'' (which see) but in WN is a 
           subtype.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suricate' in WordNet:
           1. suricate, Suricata tetradactyla - (burrowing diurnal meerkat
               of southern Africa; often kept as a pet)

Super-classes Meerkat^c

Surpassing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surpassing`
Description	This sense of ''Surpassing'' represents the ''Action'' of one of two or more Things (of any type) that is greater by some criterion than the other(s). This is general and can be used for comparisons of the attributes of inanimate objects as well as comparisons of the performance of animals or their attributes. This is a ''RelativeState'' that is the result of a ''Comparing'' Action. The entry ''BeingLarger'' is not an appropriate parent, as the attribute of comparison can be qualities or quantities that are not types of a 'size'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'outperform' in WordNet: 1. surpass, outstrip, outmatch, outgo, exceed, outdo, surmount, outperform - (be or do something to a greater degree; 'her performance surpasses that of any other student I know'; 'She outdoes all other athletes'; 'This exceeds all my expectations'; 'This car outperforms all others in its class')
Super-classes	Action^c RelativeState^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value Comparing^c
Sub-classes	Outweighing^c

Surprise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surprise`
Description	The feeling of surprise at the occurrence of something unexpected, unanticipated, or startling. A specialization of #$Surprise is #$Wonder-Admiration. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - i.e. collections - - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surprise' in WordNet: 1. (16) surprise - - (the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute^op value Surprising^c mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op value SurprisingSomeone^c
Sub-classes	Amazement^c Shock^c Consternation^c

Surprised^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surprised`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing ''Surprise''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'surprised' in WordNet: 1. (15) surprised - (taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment; 'surprised by her student's ingenuity'; 'surprised that he remembered my name'; 'a surprised expression')`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Amazed^c Shocked-Surprised^c

Surprising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surprising`
Description	'Surprising' the property that of something that is not expected, and therefore causes the Feeling of ''Surprise''. This is often relative to a particular agent's expectations; but things may be surprising to everyone. `Corresponds to sense 1 of 'surprising' in WordNet: 1. (11) surprising - (causing surprise or wonder or amazement; 'the report shows a surprising lack of hard factual data'; 'leaped up with surprising agility'; 'she earned a surprising amount of money')`
Super-classes	Unexpected^c
Sub-classes	EyeOpening^c Strange^c Startling^c Amazing^c Miraculous^c Phenomenal^c

SurprisingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurprisingEvent`
Description	A ''SurprisingEvent'' is a ''Modification' of a Situation that is unexpected and causes a feeling of ''Surprise''. This can be a change that is perceived as it occurs, or a perception of a change that has occurred in the past of which the agent surprised only becomes aware in this type of Event. `NOTE: the WN gloss says 'unexpected' - in the caseof perceptions of things changed in the past, what is unexpected it to see that the observed thing is different from what was anticipated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surprise' in WordNet: 2. (5) surprise - (a sudden unexpected event)`
Super-classes	Modification^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c causes^op value Surprise^c
Sub-classes	EyeOpener^c

SurprisingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurprisingSomeone`
Description	Each 'SurprisingSomeone' is an Event which causes one or more animals (usually a person) to become surprised (experience 'Surprise'). The restriction requires that the Surprise Feeling be specified, so that the animal that is surprised is identified. The Event of 'SurprisingSomeone' can be caused by natural Events, or by the deliberate action of another animal. Therefore it is not necessarily an Action, though it often is. `The restriction will require pointing to the source of the surprise. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'surprise' in WordNet: 1. (22) surprise - - (cause to be surprised; 'The news really surprised me')`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute^op value Surprising^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op some Surprise^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c
Sub-classes	AmazingSomeone^c FlabbergastingSomeone^c ShockingSomeone^c

Surprisingly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surprisingly`
Description	''surprisingly'' is the adverbial form of ''Surprising'', and modifies Events or states that create surprise, astonishement, or any similar 'dramatic' effect. `For a yet more intensive adverb, use ''Amazingly''. This includes adverb sense 1 of 'surprisingly' and sense 1 of 'dramatically' in WordNet: WN adverb 'dramatically': 1. (4) dramatically - (in a very impressive manner; 'your performance will improve dramatically') WN adverb 'surprisingly': 1. (5) surprisingly - (in a surprising manner; 'he was surprisingly friendly')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c LogicalFunction^c
Sub-classes	Overnightly^c Amazingly^c

Surreal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surreal

Description

''Surreal'' is the attribute of some InformationObject such as a painting or fiction, that depicts a scene or situation that is not realistic, in being unlikely or impossible to occur in the RealWorld. NOTE: 'surrealistic' in the sense of depicting RealWorld stuations that are so unusual they appear as though they are being depicted in a ''Surreal'' work of art, is represented by the separate attribute ''Surrealistic''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'surreal' in Wordnet:
         1. phantasmagoric, phantasmagorical, surreal, surrealistic - (characterized by 
             fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtapositions; 'a great concourse of 
             phantasmagoric shadows' - J.C.Powys; 'the incongruous imagery in surreal art and literature')

Super-classes Unusual^c
Unrealistic^c

Surrealistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surrealistic`
Description	''Surreal'' is the attribute of some InformationObject that depicts a scene or situation that is not realistic, in being unlikely or impossible to occur in the RealWorld. NOTE: ''Surrealistic'' is an attribute of RealWorld stuations that are so unusual they appear as though they are being depicted in a ''Surreal'' work of art. .No comparable WN sense. RHW 'surrealistic': 2. having features typical or reminiscent of those depicted in surrealistic painting or drawing: the moon's surrealistic landscape.
Super-classes	Unusual^c

Surrendering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surrendering`
Description	CYC: A specialization of both #$HumanActivity and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Surrendering is an event in which one agent voluntarily gives himself/herself/itself up into the power of another agent. This is specifically the Action of allowing oneself to be taken prisoner by some other Person of group, whether or not any active resistance was previously attempted. Broadly for people voluntarily going to the police to be taken into sustody, or being taken by force, or any case where people fought others (as in war - see subtype ''SurrenderingAfteraFight'') and gave up to be taken prisoner. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'surrender' in WordNet: 1. (5) surrender, give up - (give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another; 'The last Taleban fighters finally surrendered') WN verb 'yield': 12. yield - (cease opposition; stop fighting)
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c TransferOfControl^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	SurrenderingAfteraFight^c

SurrenderingAfteraFight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurrenderingAfteraFight`
Description	''SurrenderingAfteraFight'' is a 'LosingaContest' in which the losing party admits defeat and ceases to fight, in exchange for some promise ('terms') to not treat them as harshly as mght be done if they fought to the end and lost anyway. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'surrender' in WordNet: 1. (5) surrender, give up - (give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another; 'The last Taleban fighters finally surrendered') WN noun 'surrender': 4. capitulation, fall, surrender - (the act of surrendering (under agreed conditions); 'they were protected until the capitulation of the fort')`
Super-classes	LosingaContest^c QuittingAction^c Surrendering^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some ConflictEvent^c

SurrenderingaPrisoner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurrenderingaPrisoner`
Description	''SurrenderingaPrisoner'' is a ''ConcedingSomething'' in which the thing surrendered is a Person in the custody of someone delivered to some other agent - usually a governmental Agency or Authority. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'surrender' in WordNet: 3. surrender - (the delivery of a principal into lawful custody)`
Super-classes	ConcedingSomething^c TransferOfControl^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Prisoner^c
Sub-classes	Extradition^c

Surreptitious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surreptitious`
Description	'Surreptitious' is an attribute of Actions that are known to only a few people and are not made public. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surreptitious' in WordNet: 1. furtive, sneak, sneaky, stealthy, surreptitious - (marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed; 'a furtive manner'; 'a sneak attack'; 'stealthy footsteps'; 'a surreptitious glance at his watch')`
Super-classes	Secret^c
Sub-classes	Underhanded^c UnderTheTable^c

Surreptitiously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surreptitiously

Description

''Surreptitiously'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify Actions indicate that the Action was performed so as to avoid notice by some other Person(s).

     Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'surreptitiously' in WordNet:
          1. (1) surreptitiously, sneakily - (in a surreptitious manner; 
           'he was watching her surreptitiously as she waited in the hotel lobby')
         WN adv 'furtively':
           1. (1) furtively, on the sly - (in a furtive manner;
             'the soldiers were furtively crawling through the night')
         WN adv 'stealthily':
           1. (3) stealthily - (in a stealthy manner; 'stealthily they advanced upstream')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Surrogate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surrogate

Description

A ''Surrogate'' is a ''Reliever'' who performs an action in place of a Person who usually performs that action. This is often a one-time Action, and is not a formal 'deputy' who is appointed by some authority. Someone who (improperly or illegally) takes a test for another person is a ''Surrogate'.

        one subtype:   'surrogate mother'

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surrogate' in WordNet:
         1. surrogate, alternate, replacement - (someone who takes the place of another person)

Super-classes Reliever^c

Surrounding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surrounding

Description

''Surrounding'' is an attribute of some object or regions that is located around another object (the surrounded object) on all sides; this can be in a planar region or in a three-dimensonal region.

   see the ObjectProperties whose labels start with 'surrounds'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'surrounding' in WordNet:
      1. (12) encompassing, surrounding, circumferent - (closely encircling;
        'encompassing mountain ranges'; 'the surrounding countryside')

Super-classes Adjacent^c

SurroundingAnObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurroundingAnObject

Description

''SurroundingAnObject'' is a ''BeingInProximity'' (a ''PersistentSate'') in which the subject (agent) ''PhysicalObject'' or ''ObjectGroup'' is located (in 2 or 3 dimensions) on all sides of some other ''PhysicalObject'', near enough to be visible or easily reachable from the cener object.

         e.g. 'the forest surrounds my house'

         TransitiveEventType"

      NOTE: this includes as subEvent the sense of ''BeingSurrounded'' performed by the
        object ('patient') of this Action, which is the thing that is surrounded.  ''SurroundingAnObject''
        is transitive and the implied ''BeingSurrounded'' is the intransitive aspect of the same
        situation.

       Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'surround' and paart (for the 'darkness')
          of sense 3 of 'enclose' in WordNet:
         2. (6) surround, skirt, border - (extend on all sides 
             of simultaneously; encircle; 'The forest surrounds my property')
       WN  noun sense 1 of 'surround':
         1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around;
            'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village')
      WN verb sense 3 (part) of 'enclose':
        3. (1) enclose, close in, inclose, shut in - (surround completely; 
              'Darkness enclosed him'; 'They closed in the porch with a fence')

Super-classes BeingInProximity^c

SurroundingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurroundingSomething`
Description	Each 'SurroundingSomething' is an Action that creates a PhysicalObject (which could be a Group of PhysicalObjects) that more or less continuously surrounds something on the surface of the Earth. This can be building a wall or fence around an area, or perhaps a ring of objects, including a GroupOfPeople, around some other object; in this case the ring would be an ObjectGroup which would be considered as the PhysicalObject created. The surrounding object(s) can be dismantled or dispersed at any time after the 'SurroundingSomething' Event. `there are several relations starting with 'surrounds' that can relate the surrounding object created to the thing surrounded. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surround' in WordNet: 1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around; 'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c MakingaPhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	EncirclingSomething^c

SurroundingWall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurroundingWall`
Description	Each 'SurroundingWall' is a vertical 'Wall-GenericBarrier' That is not part of an enclosed structure (though it may have some smallish compartments attached), that is designed to prevent movement on to or from some area of ground. It may or may not create an 'Enclosure', as this type is not required to completely surround an area. This includes the typical 'wall' that is outside a residence or residential compound. `Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'wall' in WordNet: 2. (136) rampart, bulwark, wall - (an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes; 'they stormed the ramparts of the city'; 'they blew the trumpet and the walls came tumbling down') 4. (22) wall - (a masonry fence (as around an estate or garden); 'the wall followed the road'; 'he ducked behind the garden wall and waited')`
Super-classes	Wall-GenericBarrier^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Surrounding^c
Sub-classes	DefensiveWall^c

Surveillance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surveillance`
Description	''Surveillance'' is a close ''Monitoring'' by Police or other authority to get information about possible unlawful activity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surveillance' and verb sense 1 of 'surveil' in WordNet: 1. (2) surveillance - (close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)) WN verb 'surveil': 1. surveil, follow, survey - (keep under surveillance; 'The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing')`
Super-classes	Monitoring^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some LawEnforcementOrganization^c

Surveying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surveying`
Description	''Surveying' is an ''InformationGathering'' that attempts to consider and analyze data from some large collection of things, Events or Objects, to find regularities that provide new information. `Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 1 of 'survey ' in WordNet: 1. (6) survey, appraise - (consider in a comprehensive way; 'He appraised the situation carefully before acting') 2. (5) survey - (look over in a comprehensively, inspect; 'He surveyed his new classmates') WN noun 'survey': 1. (5) survey, study - (a detailed critical inspection)`
Super-classes	InformationGathering^c DataAnalysis^c Studying^c Investigation^c
Sub-classes	Census^c OpinionPoll^c

SurveyingLand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SurveyingLand`
Description	'''SurveyingLand'' is a ''Measuring'' that determines the location of boundaries of a ''Tract'' of land, and the distances between them. RHW sense 4 of 'survey': 4. to determine the exact form, boundaries, position, extent, etc., of (a tract of land, section of a country, etc.) by linear and angular measurements and the application of the principles of geometry and trigonometry. noun: 10. the act of determining the exact form, boundaries, position, etc., as of a tract of land or section of a country, by linear measurements, angular measurements, etc. To add: produces: RHW noun 'survey': 11. the plan or description resulting from such an operation. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'survey' in WordNet: 6. survey - (plot a map of (land))
Super-classes	Measuring^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Surveyor^c requiredInstrument^op some (MeasuringDevice^c or DeviceType^c or TapeMeasure^c)

Surveyor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surveyor`
Description	A ''Surveyor'' is an Engineer who performs ''SurveyingLand'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surveyor' in WordNet: 1. (2) surveyor - (an engineer who determines the boundaries and elevations of land or structures)`
Super-classes	Merchant^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SurveyingLand^c

Surviving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Surviving`
Description	''Surviving'' is the subtype of ''Living'' in which a ''LifeForm'' (usually a ''Organism'') continues to live. Using this type suggests that the continuation of ''Living'' occurred in spite of some difficulty that may have killed the ''LifeForm''. The 'DifficultSituation' pointed to by the ''impliesPriorEventType'' relation could be of any type such as a statistical probability of dying. To call it 'surviving' should only be used if the chances of surviving the ''DifficultSituation'' are less than without the ''DifficultSituation'' - but that situation need not be specified. If one lives on until a time when surviving is not unusual, it should just be referred to as 'X lived until Y years of age' or some similar. NOTE that the use of 'survive' to mean cultures continuing on can be considered as metaphorical. Logically, ''Continuation'' can be used for that. The meaning of 'survivor' more strongly suggests a serious DifficultSituation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'survive' in WordNet: 1. (20) survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out - (continue to live; endure or last; 'We went without water and food for 3 days'; 'These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America'; 'The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents'; 'how long can a person last without food and water?')
Super-classes	Living^c Continuation^c StayingInaState^c
Restrictions	hasStartingTimePoint^op some TimePoint^c impliesPriorEventType^op value DifficultSituation^c hasConstantAttributeOrLocation^op value Alive^c

Survivor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Survivor`
Description	An Animal (usually applied to people) who survives some DifficultSituation that could cause Death - i.e. one who performs a ''Surviving'' action. `Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'survivor' in WordNet: 1. (3) survivor, subsister - (one who lives through affliction; 'the survivors of the fire were taken to a hospital') 3. (1) survivor - (an animal that survives in spite of adversity; 'only the fittest animals were survivors of the cold winters')`
Super-classes	Animal^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Surviving^c
Sub-classes	Castaway^c

Susceptibility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Susceptibility`
Description	A ''Susceptibility'' is an ''ObjectCondition'' of PhysicalObjects or substances that can undergo some Event that affects one or more of its properties. NOTE: each subtype of ''Susceptibility'' (a 'SusceptibilityToX') should point to some corresonding AttributeValue (e.g. a subtype of ''Susceptible'', using the relation ''takesValue'') that can then be related to the Event that the agent of a ''Susceptibility'' condition is susceptible to, by the relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo'' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'susceptibility' in WordNet: 1. (2) susceptibility, susceptibleness - (the state of being susceptible; easily affected)
Super-classes	ObjectCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Susceptible^c

Susceptible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Susceptible`
Description	'Susceptible' is the parent category of AttributeValues that specify an ability to be the patient of some action - indicating a suceptibility or tendency or propensity. Thus 'breakable' is a susceptibility to undergo a 'BreakingEvent'. These AttributeValues can be related by the relation 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo' to the Event that they can be patients in. `For being susceptible to some bad or damaging event, the subtype ''Vulnerable'' includes the notion of 'at risk'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'susceptible' in WordNet: 1. (2) susceptible - ((often followed by 'of' or 'to') yielding readily to or capable of; 'susceptible to colds'; 'susceptible of proof')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Breakable^c Sensitive^c SusceptibleToaDisease^c Pre-existing^c Vulnerable^c Penetrable^c

SusceptibleToaDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SusceptibleToaDisease`
Description	'''SusceptibleToDisease'' is the generic AttributeValue of an organism that is not ''ResistantToaDisease'' - this pertains to a specific disease becausea all Organisms are susceptbleto some form of disease.
Super-classes	Susceptible^c

Sushi^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sushi`
Description	`NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a substance and an Object made of (''consistsOf'') that substance. This type ''Sushi'' is a substance (a''Food''). An Object consisting of''Sushi'' is represented as ''SushiDish''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sushi' in WordNet: 1. (1) sushi - (rice (with raw fish) wrapped in seaweed)`
Super-classes	EthnicFood^c
Restrictions	hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Japan^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Fish-TheFood^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Rice-Foodstuff^c

SushiDish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SushiDish

Description

       NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a substance and an Object made of 
         (''consissOf'') that substance.  This type ''Sushi'' is a substance (a''Food'').
         An Object consisting of''Sushi'' is represented as ''SushiDish''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sushi' in WordNet:
           1. (1) sushi - (rice (with raw fish) wrapped in seaweed)

Super-classes DishOfFood^c

Suspect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspect`
Description	A ''Suspect'' is a Person who is the object of a ''SuspectingaSuspect'' Action. Not necessarily an ''AccusedCriminal''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspect' in WordNet: 1. (1) suspect - (someone who is under suspicion)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isTheMainTopicOf^op value SuspicionOfGuilt^c experienced^op value SuspectingaSuspect^c mayFillTheRoleOf^op value BadGuy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value UnderSuspicion^c
Sub-classes	AccusedCriminal^c

Suspected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspected`
Description	An Attribute of something that is the main object of a ''SuspectingSomething'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspected' in WordNet: 1. suspected - (believed likely; 'a suspected thief'; 'a suspected infection')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	UnderSuspicion^c

SuspectingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuspectingSomething`
Description	''Suspecting'' is a combination of ''Guessing'' (because here is some but only a little evidence) and ''Assuming'' because there is some phenomenon to be explained. The degree of belief in a ''SuspectingSomething'' is too weak for it to be a ''Believing'', so the topic is only a ''Suspicion''. `A Person who is ''SuspectingSomething'' is ''Suspicious'' so that Attribute does not necessarily imply that the thing suspected is something bad. These can be dissected in more detail. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suspect' in WordNet: 1. (5) suspect, surmise - (imagine to be the case or true or probable; 'I suspect he is a fugitive'; 'I surmised that the butler did it')`
Super-classes	Assuming^c Guessing^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Suspicion^c agentHasAttribute^op some Suspicious^c
Sub-classes	SuspectingaSuspect^c

SuspectingaSuspect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuspectingaSuspect`
Description	''SuspectingaSuspect'' is a ''Suspecting'' in which the gramatical object of the verb is a Person who is 'suspected' to have committed a crime. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suspect' in WordNet: 1. (5) suspect, surmise - (imagine to be the case or true or probable; 'I suspect he is a fugitive'; 'I surmised that the butler did it')`
Super-classes	SuspectingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some AntisocialAction^c hadAffectedAgent^op some Suspect^c

Suspended^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspended

Description

''Suspended'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has experienced a ''SuspendingaSubstance'' Event, and is located in a 'Suspnsion''..

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suspended' in Wordnet:
           1. (14) suspended - ((of undissolved particles in a fluid) supported
              or kept from sinking or falling by buoyancy and without apparent attachment;
              'suspended matter such as silt or mud...'; 'dust particles suspended in the air';
              'droplets in suspension in a gas')

Super-classes Mixed^c

SuspendedMatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuspendedMatter`
Description	''SuspendedMatter'' is some ''ParticulateMatter'' that is contained inside some ''Suspension', usually in a Liquid, but possibly in a Gas (as Smoke'').
Super-classes	ParticulateMatter^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Suspended^c
Sub-classes	Smoke^c

Suspenders^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspenders`
Description	CYC: The collection of all suspenders, an article of clothing used to hold up pants and sometime - decoratively - skirts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspenders' in WordNet: 1. brace, suspender, gallus - (elastic straps that hold trousers up (usually used in the plural))`
Super-classes	HolderGripper^c ClothingAccessory^c FlexibleObject^c RibbonlikeObject^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value HoldingUpPants^c

SuspendingLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuspendingLine`
Description	A ''SuspendingLine'' is a ''StringOrLine'' that is used to suspend 'someObject' from another SolidObject that is above the object suspended and supports 'someObject'. It may or may not be permanently attached to 'some*Object'. The lines holding a 'swing' are examples. `NOTE: to represent a ''SuspendingLine'' that is a ''PieceOfString'' the object can be made an instance of both types.`
Super-classes	StringOrLine^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value SolidObject^c

SuspendingaSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuspendingaSubstance`
Description	''SuspendingaSubstance'' is an Action in which a ''IntelligentAgent'' (which could be an automaton) causes some quantity of PhysicalObject to become ''Suspended'' in a liquid. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'suspend' in WordNet: 2. (4) suspend - (cause to be held in suspension in a fluid; 'suspend the particles')`
Super-classes	Mixing^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Suspended^c hasDirectObject^op value ParticulateMatter^c isPerformedBy^op value IntelligentAgent^c produces^op value LiquidSuspension^c

Suspense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspense`
Description	A Feeling combining strong interest with a mixture of slight fear and hope about the outcome of a story or of an Event in the ''RealWOrld''. In the case of a fictional story the events, good or bad, do not cause the kind of deep apprehension that could occur in observers of events in our ''RealWorld'' (such as watching a fire in a large building). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'suspense' in WordNet: 3. suspense - (excited anticipation of an approaching climax; 'the play kept the audience in suspense')`
Super-classes	Expectation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Suspenseful^c refersToFutureSituation^op some (Climax^c or EventType^c)

Suspenseful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspenseful`
Description	''Suspenseful'' is an AttributeValue of Events, especially of performances of stories in movies or the stage, and of books and stories generally. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suspenseful' in Wordnet: 1. cliff-hanging, suspenseful, suspensive, nail-biting - ((of a situation) characterized by or causing suspense)`
Super-classes	Interesting^c
Sub-classes	Breathtaking^c

Suspension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspension`
Description	A gas or liquid containing suspended particles; For simplicity a dried suspension is also categorized as Suspension, so that dried paint can be considered as a subtype of 'Paint'. For representing only liquid suspensions, use 'LiquidSuspension'. Cyc: A collection of tangible stuffs; a subcollection of #$Mixture. Each instance of #$Suspension is a mixture which has exactly one #$suspendingFluid and at least one kind of #$suspendedPart. Each of the #$suspendedParts is an instance of #$Particle, and there are a mob of them. Some suspensions are fairly stable (e.g., mayonnaise), while others tend to separate quickly (e.g., sugar stirred into cold lemonade). Other examples of #$Suspension include a #$CloudInSky, a spray of aerosol deodorant. In SUMO Suspension is only a liquid: see LiquidSuspension. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspension' in Wordnet: 1. (12) suspension - (a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy)
Super-classes	FluidSubstance^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value ParticulateMatter^c
Sub-classes	BloodPlasma^c Colloid^c Paint^c Aerosol^c Blood^c LiquidSuspension^c

Suspicion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspicion`
Description	A ''Suspicion'' is a ''Notion'' (a weak ''Belief'') that some state of affairs is true. This is a''MentalObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspicion' in WordNet: 1. (11) intuition, hunch, suspicion - (an impression that something might be the case; 'he had an intuition that something had gone wrong')`
Super-classes	Notion^c Proposition^c Context^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op only SuspectingSomething^c isLessIntenseThan^op value Opinion^c
Sub-classes	SuspicionOfGuilt^c

SuspicionOfGuilt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SuspicionOfGuilt`
Description	A ''SuspicionOfGuilt'' is a ''Suspicion'' that someone (a ''Suspect'') is ''Guilty'' (has the ''Responsibity'') of committing an ''AntisocialAction'' (e.g. a ''Crime''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspicion' in WordNet: 1. (11) intuition, hunch, suspicion - (an impression that something might be the case; 'he had an intuition that something had gone wrong')`
Super-classes	Suspicion^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Responsibility^c hasTopic^op some Suspect^c isProducedByEventType^op only SuspectingaSuspect^c hasTopic^op some AntisocialAction^c

Suspicious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspicious

Description

''Suspicious'' is an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''SuspectingSomething'' - especially when s/he encounters something ''Fishy''.

   (''Suspicion'' is a mental object,not a Feeling).

     Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'suspicious' in WordNet:
       1. (3) leery, mistrustful, suspicious, untrusting, wary - 
           (openly distrustful and unwilling to confide)

Super-classes Skeptical^c

Suspiciously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Suspiciously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'suspiciously' in Wordnet: 1. (2) suspiciously - (with suspicion; 'she regarded the food suspiciously')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Sustainability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sustainability`
Description	''Sustainability'' is a ''Quality'' that expresses the the degree to which some activity can be continued (''SustainingAnActivity'') without stopping due to some necessary condition no longer being present. This is usually used when the activity itself does not cause changes in conditions so as to reduce its ability to continue, as with emitting pollution or depletion of some resource. If a resource is 'renewable' then an activity using that resource might be ''Sustainable''; Activity systems using a resource and including a way to renew the resource would have the quality of ''Sustainability''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sustainability' in WordNet: 1. sustainability - (the property of being sustainable)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Sustainable^c

Sustainable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sustainable

Description

Asserting the AttributeValue ''Sustainable'' asserts that the Activity thus characterized is able to be prolonged, i.e. it can be patient of a ''SustainingAnActivity''Action.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sustainable' in Wordnet:
         1. sustainable - (capable of being sustained)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Sustained^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sustained

Description

An Attribute of descriptions or arguments that have experienced ''Oversimplifying''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sustained' in Wordnet:
           1. sustained - (maintained at length without interruption or weakening; 'sustained flight')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
LastingForSomeTime^c

SustainingAnActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SustainingAnActivity`
Description	''SustainingAnActivity'' is an is a Continuation of an Action, including anything that takes some kind of effort to continue, and also is an ''ExtendingaTimeInterval'' in which significant effort needed to be extended in order to continue the activity beyond some original time when the activity might stop.. Includes verb sense 2 of 'carry on' and sense 2 of 'keep up' in WordNet: 2. (1) continue, uphold, carry on, bear on, preserve - (keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last; 'preserve the peace in the family'; 'continue the family tradition'; 'Carry on the old traditions') WN verb 'keep up': 2. (5) prolong, sustain, keep up - (lengthen or extend in duration or space; 'We sustained the diplomatic negotiations as long as possible'; 'prolong the treatment of the patient'; 'keep up the good work')
Super-classes	ExtendingaTimeInterval^c Continuation^c
Sub-classes	PerpetuatingSomething^c ContinueMoving^c

Swab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swab`
Description	A ''Swab'' is a marble-sized to finger-sized 'AbsorbentObject'' (oten made of Cotton) used to hold and apply small qantities of liquid to a surface of some kind - for applying medications, the surface would be skin, but this can be used for other purposes such as applying small amounts of paint or disinfectant to other surfaces. `This is usually Cotton (for commercial swabs) but can be of other absorbant material. IT may or may not be attached to a stick (such as in a 'Q-Tip') to allow applying small quantities of medication, or to take small samples of body fluid. That could be a sutype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swab' in WordNet: 1. swab - (implement consisting of a small piece of cotton that is used to apply medication or cleanse a wound or obtain a specimen of a secretion)`
Super-classes	AbsorbentObject^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Swabbing^c

Swabbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swabbing`
Description	''Swabbing'' is a 'Dabbing'' (an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'') where the of stuff (a liquid) is applied using a small 'swab' of some kind (such as a ''CottonSwab''). `NOTE: to 'swab' requires a 'swab' of some kind, Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'swab' in WordNet: 1. (2) dab, swab, swob - (apply (usually a liquid) to a surface; 'dab the wall with paint')`
Super-classes	Dabbing^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Swab^c

SwabbingWithaMop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwabbingWithaMop`
Description	''SwabbingWithaMop'' is an Action similar to ''MoppingaFloor'' but the surface cleaned may be something other than a floor - in particular, this is used for cleaning the 'Deck'' of a ship - and the action is not as meticulous as that performed for cleaning a floor in a building. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'swab' in WordNet: 1. (2) dab, swab, swob - (apply (usually a liquid) to a surface; 'dab the wall with paint')`
Super-classes	CleaningaSurfaceEvent^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op some Mop^c

SwabbingWithaSwab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwabbingWithaSwab`
Description	''SwabbingWithaSwab'' is an Action but the surface cleaned "mop" Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'swab' in WordNet: 1. (2) dab, swab, swob - (apply (usually a liquid) to a surface; 'dab the wall with paint')
Super-classes	ApplyingStuffToSurface^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op some Swab^c

Swaggering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swaggering`
Description	A ''Swaggering'' is a ''Behavior'' of a Person that exhibits pride and arrogance (a form of pride). `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'swagger' in WordNet: 3. swagger, bluster, swash - (act in an arrogant, overly self-assured, or conceited manner)`
Super-classes	Behavior^c
Restrictions	exhibitsEmotion^op value Arrogance^c exhibitsEmotion^op value Pride^c

Swallow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swallow

Description

Any of several species of bird.

    Corresponds to noun entry 2 for 'swallow' in RHW:5
      any of numerous small, long-winged passerine birds of the 
      family Hirundinidae, noted for their swift, graceful flight
      and for the extent and regularity of their migrations. Cf. bank swallow, 
      barn swallow, martin.

    Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'swallow' in WordNet:
      3. swallow - (small long-winged songbird noted for
        swift graceful flight and the regularity of its migrations)

Super-classes Bird^c

Swallowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swallowing`
Description	An act of ''Swallowing'' is the constricting of throat muscles so that the foood or drink in the mouth passes into the esophagus toward the stomach. COSMO note: for this 'swallowing' the thing swallowed is not necessarily food (e.g. swallowing a pill such as a vitamin or drug, or a metal pellet). For swallowing food, use 'SwallowingFood'. Swallowing must proceed through the mouth. CYC: A specialization of both #$BodilyFunctionEvent and #$BodyMovementEvent. Each instance of #$Swallowing is an event in which an #$Animal moves a solid or a liquid from its #$Mouth to its #$Stomach. Includes but is not limited to verb sense 1 of 'swallow' in WordNet, which appears to only apply to food: in WordNet: 1. (12) swallow, get down - (pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking; 'Swallow the raw fish-it won't kill you!') WN noun 'swallow': 2. (1) swallow, drink, deglutition - (the act of swallowing; 'one swallow of the liquid was enough'; 'he took a drink of his beer and smacked his lips')
Super-classes	ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c BodyMovementEvent^c ActingOnSomething^c BodilyFunctionEvent^c BiologicalIntakeEvent^c
Restrictions	usesSenseOrOrgan^op value Mouth^c hadConsumedObject^op some (Food^c or FoodObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c) hadObjectMoved^op value Mouthful^c occursAt^op value Esophagus^c
Sub-classes	SwallowingFood^c Quaffing^c

SwallowingFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwallowingFood`
Description	'SwallowingFood' is that part of eating food in which the food passes from the mouth through the esophagus. To the stomach. This sense is restricted to food; for swallowing non-food items, the parent type 'Swallowing' can be used. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swallow' in WordNet: 1. (12) swallow, get down - (pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking; 'Swallow the raw fish - it won't kill you!')`
Super-classes	Ingesting^c Swallowing^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some ConsumingFoodOrDrink^c hadThingAffected^op some FoodObject^c

Swamp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swamp`
Description	A Region in which are sections of BodyOfWater, interspersed with portions of land and vegetation, including trees. `Cyc: An area characterized by shallow water, vegetation, small patches of dry land, mud. SUMO: Swamp is a subclass of StaticWaterAreas that are stagnant and relatively shallow. They are situated in low, wet land with grasses and possibly trees as vegetation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swamp' in Wordnet: 1. (4) swamp, swampland - (low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog)`
Super-classes	Wetlands^c Forest^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Stagnant^c

Swan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swan

Description

Usually white; rare black individuals are known.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swan' in WordNet:
       1. (1) swan - (stately heavy-bodied aquatic bird with very long neck 
          and usually white plumage as adult)

Super-classes Waterfowl^c

Swarm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swarm`
Description	A GroupOfAnimals of sufficient number that they cause or can cause harm, discomfort, or annoyance to people. This can include people or non-human animals. Groups of Animals larger than people are not usually referred to as a 'swarm'. (they are often called a 'herd') Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'swarm' in WordNet: 1. (1) drove, horde, swarm - (a moving crowd) 2. (1) swarm, cloud - (a group of many insects; 'a swarm of insects obscured the light'; 'a cloud of butterflies')
Super-classes	GroupOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 5

Swashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swashing`
Description	''Swashing'' is to repetitively emit a ''SplashingSound'' like that of water splashing around. This is, for example, an action performed by a home ''WashingMachine'' that cycles blades back and forth in a tub of water. `Corresponds appoximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'swash' in WordNet: 1. swash - (make violent, noisy movements)`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedWave^op value SplashingSound^c

Swastika^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swastika`
Description	Originally (and still) a Hindu symbol of auspiciousness/good luck, believed to have come originally from the pictogram denoting a flock of geese in flight. In the 20th century, it is appropriated by Nazi theorists as a symbol of Aryan supremacy. Because of Nazi beliefs and atrocities, the swastika is now a symbol of right-wing German nationalism and anti-semitism, etc. `This is the generic 'swastika' symbol, including the Indian version as well as the later Nazi symbol (see subtype ''NaziSwastika''.`
Super-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value SharpAngled^c
Sub-classes	NaziSwastika^c

Swath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swath`
Description	A ''Swath'' is a ''SpatialArea'' cleared of Objects by some manner of removal (a ''RemovingPhysically''). The WN gloss specifically represents the path through vegetation caused by some ''CuttingDevice''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swath' in WordNet: 1. swath - (the space created by the swing of a scythe or the cut of a mowing machine)`
Super-classes	SpatialArea^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value RemovingPhysically^c

SwattingInsects^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwattingInsects`
Description	''SwattingInsects'' is a ''SwattingSomething'' in which an ''Insect'' (typically flies or mosquitoes) are struck and usually killed, using a ''FlySwatter''
Super-classes	SwattingSomething^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value FlySwatter^c hadObjectStruck^op only (Insect^c or Fly^c or Mosquito^c or ArthropodType^c)

SwattingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwattingSomething`
Description	''SwattingSomething'' is a ''Smacking'' with one quick move of the hand, either with the palm of one's hand, or a flat-surfaced object such as a ''FlySwatter''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swat' in WordNet: 1. swat - (hit swiftly with a violent blow; "Swat flies")`
Super-classes	Smacking^c
Sub-classes	SwattingInsects^c

Swaying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swaying`
Description	A 'Swaying' is a 'ShakingMotion' performed by a RigidObject that is taller than it is wide and is fixed by gravity or some anchoring connector to the ground or floor, such that the top of the object moves back and forth in a reversing motion that is not fast - cycle time no less than 0.4 second.. `This is done for example by trees in a wind, or tall structures in an earthquake. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sway' in WordNet: 1. (5) rock, sway, shake - (move back and forth or sideways; 'the ship was rocking'; 'the tall building swayed'; 'She rocked back and forth on her feet')`
Super-classes	Swinging^c ActionSeries^c ShakingMotion^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Wobbly^c
Sub-classes	Tottering^c Teetering^c Wobbling^c

Sweat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweat

Description

Slightly salty solution excreted by the sweat glands of animals, especially in hot environments or during vigorous exertion.

  Cyc: By definition this is a liquid.  If sweat freezes
        or evaporates then it becomes (#$GaseousFn #$Water-Saline)
        or (#$SolidFn #$Water-Saline).  In case you haven't
        caught on by by now,  #$Sweat is the fluid excreted from the
        sweat glands of the skin.

        SUMO: An AnimalSubstance that contains SodiumChloride 
        and is produced by the sweat glands.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweat' in Wordnet:
         1. (11) perspiration, sweat, sudor - (salty fluid secreted by sweat glands;
            'sweat poured off his brow')

Super-classes Water-Saline^c
AnimalSubstance^c
ExcretionSubstance^c
BodyFluid^c
LiquidSubstance^c
BodySurfaceSubstance^c
Secretion-Bodily^c

Sweater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweater`
Description	CYC: The collection of all sweaters. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweater' in WordNet: 1. (1) sweater - (a crocheted or knitted garment covering the upper part of the body)`
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c Clothing-Top^c DurableGood^c WarmClothingItem^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Chest-BodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Pullover^c Cardigan^c

Sweating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweating`
Description	The excretion of sweat from the skin. It is an animal activity. This is for 'Sweating'' sufficient to get ''Sweaty''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweat' in Wordnet: 1. (5) sweat, sudate, perspire - (excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin; 'Exercise makes one sweat') WN 'perspiration': 2. perspiration, sweating, diaphoresis, sudation, hidrosis - (the process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid; 'perspiration is a homeostatic process')`
Super-classes	SecretionEvent^c BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary^c EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Sweaty^c

Sweatshirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweatshirt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweatshirt' in WordNet: 1. (2) sweatshirt - (cotton knit pullover with long sleeves worn during athletic activity)`
Super-classes	Pullover^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Cotton^c

Sweaty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweaty`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sweaty' in Wordnet: 1. (4) perspiring, sweating, sweaty - (being wet with perspiration; 'the perspiring runners'; 'his sweating face'; 'sweaty clothes')`
Super-classes	Wet^c

Swede^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swede`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Swede' in WordNet: 1. (1) Swede - (a native or inhabitant of Sweden)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaNativeOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweden^c

Swedish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swedish

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Swedish' in Wordnet:
           1. (6) Swedish - (of or relating to or characteristic of Sweden 
              or its people or culture or language; 'the Swedish King'; 'Swedish punch';
              'Swedish umlauts')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Sweeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweeping`
Description	The act of removing particles or larger objects from a surface with a brush or broom or other device (e.g. a ''Rake'') that functions similarly. This includes sweeping streets with a motorized street-sweeper. The more specific subtypes (e.g. sweeping the floor) are not yet (rev891) represented in COSMO. `In CYC 'SweepingAnArea'. - more specific than this COSMO type CYC: The collection of sweeping-an-area-clean-with-a-broom events. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'sweep' in WordNet: 3. (5) sweep, broom - (sweep with a broom or as if with a broom; 'Sweep the crumbs off the table'; 'Sweep under the bed')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Brushing^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c CleaningEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op some Surface-Physical^c wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value BrushOrBroom^c
Sub-classes	SweepingIntoaContainer^c

SweepingIntoaContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweepingIntoaContainer`
Description	The act of removing particles from a surface with a brush or broom directly into a container, usually a ''DustPan'' or something that functions as a dustpan.
Super-classes	Sweeping^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value DustPan^c

SweetBasil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetBasil

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet basil' in WordNet:
          1. common basil, sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum -
             (annual or perennial of tropical Asia having spikes of small white flowers 
              and aromatic leaves; one of the most important culinary herbs; 
              used in salads, casseroles, sauces and some liqueurs)

Super-classes BasilPlant^c

SweetFood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetFood`
Description	A ''SweetFood'' is a sweet food substance that may have some nutritional value,but is consumed primarilyf or its sweet taste. This can be an artificiay sweetened fod, so does not necessarily contain sugar. `Includes but is not restricted to sense 1 of 'confection' in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confection' and sense 3 of 'sweet' in WordNet: 1. sweet, confection - (a food rich in sugar)`
Super-classes	SweetTastingSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Candy^c Marmalade^c Pudding^c

SweetPea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetPea

Description

This is a commonsense notion of squash, i.e. including pumpkins, but not cucumbers, Zucchini, etc.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet pea' in WordNet:
          1. sweet pea, sweetpea, Lathyrus odoratus - (climbing garden plant 
              having fragrant pastel-colored flowers)

Super-classes Vine^c

SweetPotato^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetPotato`
Description	A round edible tuber obtained from the SweetPotatoPlant. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sweet potato' in WordNet: 2. sweet potato - (the edible tuberous root of the sweet potato vine which is grown widely in warm regions of the United States)`
Super-classes	Tuber^c SolidFoodObject^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c isTheTuberOfa^op value SweetPotatoPlant^c

SweetPotatoPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetPotatoPlant

Description

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet potato' in WordNet:
            1. sweet potato, sweet potato vine, Ipomoea batatas - 
                (pantropical vine widely cultivated in several varieties
                for its large sweet tuberous root with orange flesh)

Super-classes Vine^c

SweetRoll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetRoll`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet roll' in WordNet: 1. (1) sweet roll, coffee roll - (any of numerous yeast-raised sweet rolls with our without raisins or nuts or spices or a glaze)`
Super-classes	Roll^c SweetTastingObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Yeast-Raised^c
Sub-classes	DanishPastry^c

SweetTasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetTasting`
Description	The attribute of objects and substances that taste sweet. This is interpreted here more broadly than just having the taste of sugar, though that will be the most common usage. Snack foods that are buttery (such as popcorn) or salty (such as crackers) with something added to enhance the pelasantness of the flavor, are included. Perhaps more specific 'sweet' concept should be added (e.g. 'sugary', distinguished from 'sugar-containing'??). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet' in WordNet: 1. (9) sweet - (having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar)`
Super-classes	TasteAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Semisweet^c

SweetTastingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetTastingObject`
Description	A solid food object that tastes sweet. NOTE that there are sweet-tasting objects that are not solid food artifacts - a bottle of soda, for example. To describe the contents of such items, use 'SweetTastingSubstance' or the attribute value 'SweetTasting'
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c SolidFoodArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SweetTasting^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SweetTastingSubstance^c
Sub-classes	DessertFood^c Doughnut^c Confection^c SweetRoll^c CandyObject^c Strawberry^c

SweetTastingSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetTastingSubstance`
Description	A PhysicalSubstance that tastes sweet.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SweetTasting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	OrangeJuice^c FruitDrink^c Sugar^c SweetFood^c Custard^c Syrup^c

Sweetener^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweetener`
Description	Substances used to sweeten other ConsumableStuffs. Commonly ''Sugar'' or something containing ''Sugar'', but this includes artificial sweeteners. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweetener' in Wordnet: 1. sweetening, sweetener - (something added to foods to make them taste sweeter)`
Super-classes	FoodIngredientOnly^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SweetTasting^c
Sub-classes	Honey^c Syrup^c ArtificialSweetener^c Sugar^c

Sweetening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweetening`
Description	''Sweetening'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which some object(s) become ''Sweet''. This can aso be used for increasing sweetness, but that is a distinction that has not yet been made (rev1273),. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sweeten' in WordNet: 1. sweeten, dulcify, edulcorate, dulcorate - (make sweeter in taste)`
Super-classes	ImpartingAnAttribute^c CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value SweetTasting^c

Sweetheart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sweetheart`
Description	A ''Sweetheart'' is a ''LovedOne'' with whom one has (or asserts having) an exclusive romantic relationship. The relationship is usually mutual. People who are ''Sweetheart''s may or may not be married, and may or may not have sexual relations. As a limiting case, young people under the age of puberty can be 'sweehearts'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweetheart' and part of sense 1 of 'darling' in WordNet: 1. (3) sweetheart, sweetie, steady, truelove - (a person loved by another person) WN noin 'darling': 1. (3) darling, favorite, favourite, pet, dearie, deary, ducky - (a special loved one)`
Super-classes	Favorite^c LovedOne^c
Sub-classes	Valentine^c

SweetlyPleasant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SweetlyPleasant`
Description	''SweetlyPleasant'' is the attribute of situations, thoughts, and observations that evoke some pleasant feelings. Linguistically expressedas 'sweet'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'sweet' in Wordnet: 5. (2) gratifying, sweet - (pleasing to the mind or feeling; 'sweet revenge')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Bittersweet^c

Swelling-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swelling-Generic`
Description	An ''ExpandingInVolume'' in which something increases in size by increasing the length of two or more directions, thereby increasing its volume; the cause may be internal or external. The thing swelling may be part of a larger object, such as the belly of a person. `Includes verb sense 3 and part of verb sense 1 of 'swell' in WordNet: 1. (5) swell - (increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity; 'The music swelled to a crescendo') 3. (4) swell, swell up, intumesce, tumefy, tumesce - (expand abnormally; 'The bellies of the starving children are swelling')`
Super-classes	ExpandingInVolume^c
Sub-classes	RaisingDough^c Distending^c

SwellingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwellingEvent`
Description	A ''SwellingEvent''is an ''Expanding'' Event occurring on some surface part of an AnimalBody (or a internal part producing a swelling visible on the surface), that produces a ''BodySwelling''. This can be caused by any number of Events, including 'bruising' or a cancer. `A swelling of an internal organ is not included here, and for now it can be represented by the parent ''Expanding'' until a specific subtype is needed. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'swell' in WordNet: 3. (4) swell, swell up, intumesce, tumefy, tumesce - (expand abnormally; 'The bellies of the starving children are swelling') WN verb 'tumefy': 1. tumefy - (cause to become very swollen)`
Super-classes	Expanding^c
Restrictions	produces^op value BodySwelling^c causes^op value SwollenState^c

Swift^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swift

Description

''Swift'' is an AttributeValue that attributes a rapid motion of objects or ability to move rapidly for animals. The lexical distinction from ''Fast'' is vague. This should be used for th abilt of an animal to move quickly - the use of 'swift' for an object would then be metaphorical, though common.

    For *events* or *actions* that proceed more quickly than normal or expected,
      use the type 'Quick'.
    For *objects* that are moving quickly use ''Fast''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'swift' in WordNet:
         1. (15) fleet, swift - (moving very fast; 'fleet of foot'; 
         'the fleet scurrying of squirrels'; 'a swift current';
         'swift flight of an arrow'; 'a swift runner')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Swiftness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swiftness`
Description	''Swiftness'' is a ''Rate'' of processes that may proceed at rates noticeably different at different times or in different circumstances. For 'speed' meaning distance per unit time use ''SpeedMeasure''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swiftness' in WordNet: 1. speed, swiftness, fastness - (a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens; 'the project advanced with gratifying speed')`
Super-classes	Rate^c
Sub-classes	Haste^c

Swig^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swig

Description

A ''Swig'' is the quantity of a 'Beverage' taken into the mouth and swallowed at one gulp.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swig' in WordNet:
        1. (2) gulp, draft, draught, swig - (a large and hurried swallow;
           "he finished it at a single gulp")

Super-classes Drink^c

SwimSuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwimSuit`
Description	CYC: The collection of all swim suits- male and female. The terms 'swimwear' and 'swimming costume' that label the parent ''SwimWear'' are intended to provide labels for the more generic or exotic types of clothing designed for swimming and not labeled by the labels used here. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swimsuit' in Wordnet: 1. (1) swimsuit, swimwear, bathing suit, swimming costume, bathing costume - (tight fitting garment worn for swimming)`
Super-classes	SwimWear^c ClothingOutfit^c
Sub-classes	SwimSuit-OnePiece^c Bikini^c

SwimSuit-OnePiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwimSuit-OnePiece`
Description
Super-classes	SwimSuit^c WomensClothing^c

SwimWear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwimWear`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Garments that are worn for swimming. Includes as members #$SwimSuits and the various subpieces of any #$SwimSuits. `For common types of 'swimwear' called 'bathing suit' the subtype ''SwinSuit'' can be used. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'swimwear' in WordNet: 1. swimsuit, swimwear, bathing suit, swimming costume, bathing costume - (tight fitting garment worn for swimming)`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c Clothing^c
Sub-classes	SwimSuit^c

SwimmableWaterObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwimmableWaterObject`
Description	Each 'SwimmableWaterObject' is a quantity of Water large enough for a person to swim in, contained in some natural or artifactual container such as a swimming pool. This contains mostly water, but will also include a part of the object which serves as container ; thus it is a subtype of 'ContainerAndContents'. To adhere to common usage, however, the portion of the container that is part of the SwimmableWaterObject will be a very small fraction, so that a SwimmableWaterObject can be considered as a LiquidObject. `We set the minimum diameter as 1 meter, so that small above-ground pools where children can swim will be included. Since this is swimmable also by small animals, the swimming animal does not have to be a person. But the 'swimming' performed by insects is not included.`
Super-classes	WaterObject^c ContainerAndContents^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 200.0^c
Sub-classes	BodyOfWater-Large^c SwimmingPool^c

Swimmer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swimmer`
Description	A ''Swimmer'' is a ''Person'' that is performing a ''Swimming'' Action, or Performs a ''Swimming'' Action often or as a sport or profession, or is proficient in ''Swimming''. `For non-human things that swim, a parent type (e.g. 'GenericSwimmer'') could be created. CYC: The collection of persons who are trained in swimming, and who do it cosistently and with dedication, possibly competitively. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swimmer' in WordNet: 2. swimmer, natator, bather - (a person who travels through the water by swimming; 'he is not a good swimmer')`
Super-classes	Animal^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Swimming^c
Sub-classes	Frogman^c

Swimming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swimming`
Description	CYC 'Swimming-Generic': Elements are instances of #$LocomotionProcess-Animal in which an #$Animal agent moves through water, typically by moving (some of) its appendages. `Swimming can occur underwater, so this is not restricted to swimming on top the water surface. The use of ''occursAt'' the WaterSurface here means that it occurs near the water surface. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swim' in WordNet: 1. (12) swim - (travel through water; 'We had to swim for 20 minutes to reach the shore'; 'a big fish was swimming in the tank')`
Super-classes	FloatingOnaLiquid^c WholeBodyMovement^c RecreationalActivity^c LocomotionProcess-Animal^c MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value WaterObject^c occursAt^op value WaterSurface^c
Sub-classes	SwimmingUnderwater^c SwimmingForPleasure^c

SwimmingForPleasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwimmingForPleasure`
Description	''SwimmingForPleasure'' is any of a Group of Activities performed by a Person in a ''BodyOfWater'' that can be as small as a swimming pool or as large as an Ocean, and includes actually swimming on top the water surface, under the surface (such as scuba diving), or only wading into the water along the shore. `RHW 'bathing' is close: 8. to swim for pleasure. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bathing' in WordNet: 1. (1) bathing - (immersing the body in water or sunshine) WN noun swimming': 1. (1) swimming, swim - (the act of swimming; 'it was the swimming they enjoyed most': 'they took a short swim in the pool')`
Super-classes	Swimming^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c occursAt^op value SwimmableWaterObject^c occursAt^op value WaterSurface^c
Sub-classes	Snorkeling^c

SwimmingPool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwimmingPool`
Description	SUMO: A FluidContainer that is filled with Water and that is used for or at least able to be used (i.e. large enough) for Swimming. It can be above ground. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swimming pool', which is a hyponym of sense 1 of 'pool' in WordNet, however Wordnet indicates that it must be an excavation, and COSMO does not include that restriction: in WordNet: 1. (3) swimming pool, swimming bath, natatorium - (pool that provides a facility for swimming; ''swimming bath' is a British term') WN 'pool': 1. (13) pool - (an excavation that is (usually) filled with water)`
Super-classes	ConstructionArtifact^c LiquidContainer^c SwimmableWaterObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SwimmingForPleasure^c

SwimmingStroke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwimmingStroke`
Description	A ''SwimmingStroke'' is a ''StrokingMovement'' made by an Animal to propel it through water - on top of or under water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swimming stroke' in WordNet: 1. swimming stroke - (a method of moving the arms and legs to push against the water and propel the swimmer forward)`
Super-classes	StrokingMovement^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value SwimmableWaterObject^c isaSubEventOf^op value Swimming^c isPerformedBy^op value Swimmer^c
Sub-classes	Backstroke^c Breaststroke^c

SwimmingUnderwater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwimmingUnderwater`
Description	''SwimmingUnderwater'' is a ''Swimming'' where most of the swimming occurs with all parts of the body under the surface of the water. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dive' in WordNet: 3. dive - (swim under water; 'the children enjoyed diving and looking for shells')`
Super-classes	Swimming^c MovingUnderWater^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value UnderWater^c
Sub-classes	SkinDiving^c

Swing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swing`
Description	A 'Swing' is a device made from a form of seat, often a short 'Plank', suspended by cords or chains from some overhead support, allowing a person to swing back and forth while seated. Mostly for entertainment of children. A Swing may be suspended from a specially deigned frame, or from a tree limb, or other solid object above the ground. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swing' in WordNet: 2. (1) swing - (mechanical device used as a plaything to support someone swinging back and forth)`
Super-classes	SeatingDevice^c EntertainmentDevice^c PlaygroundObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value SwingingOnASwing^c isFlexiblySuspendedFrom^op value SolidObject^c

Swinger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swinger`
Description	A denizen of the party-world who 'swings' in bars and night-clubs and casinos. Similar to the idea of #$Playboy, but a #$PersonTypeByActivity only from a social-activities perspective. While a #$Playboy often is a full-time party-goer and reveller, instances of #$Swinger usually have to support themselves with a non-partying #$JobFn. Also, the term #$Swinger is gender-neutral. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swinger' in WordNet: 2. swinger, tramp - (a person who engages freely in promiscuous sex)`
Super-classes	HumanAdult^c Partygoer^c
Sub-classes	Playboy^c

Swinger-Sexual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swinger-Sexual`
Description	CYC: #$Swinger-Sexual denotes the collection of all people that engage freely in promiscuous sex. Compare with #$Swinger. `This type of ''Swinger'' attended at least one ''Bacchanalia'. Probably needs more distinctions. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swinger' in WordNet: 2. swinger, tramp - (a person who engages freely in promiscuous sex)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dissolute^c isaParticipantIn^op value Bacchanalia^c

Swinging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swinging`
Description	''Swinging'' is a '''ReversingRotation'' in which the Object moving has one fixed end that serves as the center of rotation but does not itself move significantly. Examples are the pendulum of a clock, the wagging tail of a dog, or a 'swing' recreational device holding a person. The 'swinging' object does not have to be suspended in a gravitational field, as suggested by the WordNet gloss (so a wagging tail in included).. CYC: The process of repetitive swinging with either a rigid (e.g. pendulum or metronome) or flexible (e.g. child's swing) connection to an axis not at the center of gravity. The axis does not have to be horizontal; thus a gate can swing back and forth. The motion, for a horizontal axis, may be above the axis as well as below. Both the object attached to the pivot and any object 'riding' on that object are said to swing. This does not include swinging an axe or a bat as a single swing is not periodic, and the return to the start of the swing for repeated swings is not a temporal reflection of the forward swing. Swinging a pail around the head while it is attached to a rope is not this kind of #$Swinging since it is not a repetative reversing motion (use 'SwingAroundOnCord'). Corresponds to sense 10 of 'swing' in RHW: 10. to move or sway to and fro, as a pendulum or other suspended object. WordNet doesn't appear to have any synset corresponding exactly to this type; the closest is (Wordnet parent is to move back and forth): in WordNet: 2. (15) swing, sway - (move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner; 'He swung back')
Super-classes	ReversingRotation^c
Sub-classes	Wagging^c SwingingOnASwing^c Swaying^c

SwingingAroundOnCord^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwingingAroundOnCord

Description

CYC: The collection of all events in which an object (as #$primaryObjectMoving and #$supportedObject) is swung around a central pivot, which it is attached to a via a cord (a #$CordlikeObject that plays the roles: #$deviceUsed, #$constrainingObject, #$objectMoving, and #$supportingObject). This is a specialization of #$ConstrainedMultirevolutionRotation.

        There does not appear to be a WordNet sense for this (e.g.
          swinging an object tied to a cord around and around in a circle over the head.

Super-classes MultirevolutionRotation^c

SwingingAtaBaseball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwingingAtaBaseball`
Description	Each ''SwingingAtaBaseball'' is a ''StrokingAtaBall'' This is The action of swinging a bat to hit a baseball: 'A Swing and a miss - strike one.' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swing' in WordNet: 8. baseball swing, swing, cut - (in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball; 'he took a vicious cut at the ball')`
Super-classes	StrokingAtaBall^c SwingingaRod^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value PropellingaBall^c

SwingingOnASwing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwingingOnASwing`
Description	One may swing on any suspended seat, whether hung from an artifact framework or from a natural object such as a tree limb. `CYC: The collection of events in which someone swings on a (playground, recreational equipment) swing. WordNet doesn't appear to have any synset corresponding exactly to this sense. It contains parts of sense 2 of 'swing' and sense 2 of 'oscillate' in WordNet: 2. (15) swing, sway - (move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner; 'He swung back') 2. oscillate, vibrate - (move or swing from side to side regularly; 'the needle on the meter was oscillating')`
Super-classes	Swinging^c Oscillating^c RecreationalActivity^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Swing^c

SwingingaRod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwingingaRod`
Description	''SwingingaRod'' is the generic Action in which a Person moves a rod-like Object in an arc with one end at the Person, using one or both arms. This typically is performed with the intention of striking some object with the distant end of the Rod. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swing' in WordNet: 1. (35) swing - (move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting; 'He swung his left fist'; 'swing a bat')`
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Rod^c hasBodypartMoved^op value Arm^c
Sub-classes	SwingingAtaBaseball^c

Swinish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swinish

Description

'Swinish' is the attribute of anything that has an appearance or behavior like that of a ''Pig'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'swinish' in Wordnet:
      2. hoggish, piggish, piggy, porcine, swinish - 
          (resembling swine; coarsely gluttonous or greedy; 
          'piggish table manners'; 'the piggy fat-cheeked little boy and
          his porcine pot-bellied father'; 'swinish slavering over food')
   WN adj 'porcine':
     1. porcine - (relating to or suggesting swine;
     'comparison between human and porcine pleasures')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Swiss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swiss`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Swiss' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Swiss - (of or relating to Switzerland or its people or culture; 'the Swiss army')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

SwissPeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwissPeople`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Swiss People' in WordNet: 1. (5) Swiss, Swiss people - (the natives or inhabitants of Switzerland)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Switzerland^c

Switchblade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Switchblade`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'switchblade' in WordNet: 1. switchblade, switchblade knife, flick knife - (a pocketknife with a blade that springs open at the press of a button)`
Super-classes	CollapsibleArtifact^c PocketKnife^c BladedWeapon-NonProjectile^c ManufacturedGoods^c CloseQuarterCombatWeapon^c Knife^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Switchboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Switchboard`
Description	CYC: a device with a large number of controls and switches which is used to control the flow of something through the switchboard `This is more specific than the CYC gloss, being for telephone switchboards. This connects telephone lines - here the type ''TelephoneWire'' is linked, but this should be broadened to lines (e.e. optical fiber) that are not just electrical. RHW 'switchboard': 1. a structural unit on which are mounted switches and instruments necessary to complete telephone circuits manually.`
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c CommunicationDevice^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value TelephoneCall^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value TelephoneCall^c hasPhysicalPart^op value ElectricalSwitch^c isDesignedToConnect^op value TelephoneWire^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Board^c

Switched^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Switched`
Description	`Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'exchanged' in Wordnet: 1. exchanged - (changed for (replaced by) something different)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Switching^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Switching

Description

''Switching'' is the attribute pertaining to ''SwitchingOneThingForAnother'' Event. or devices that can faciitate such an Action.

       No WN adj sense for 'switching'.

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SwitchingAnElectricDeviceOff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwitchingAnElectricDeviceOff`
Description	A ''SwitchingAnElectricDeviceOff'' is a ''SwitchingaDeviceOff'' in which a ''Device'' switched 'off' is an ''ElectricalDevice'' of any kind. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch off' in WordNet: 1. (8) switch off, cut, turn off, turn out - (cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch; 'Turn off the stereo, please'; 'cut the engine'; 'turn out the lights')`
Super-classes	BreakingAnElectricalCircuit^c SwitchingaDeviceOff^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value ElectricalDevice^c

SwitchingOneThingForAnother^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwitchingOneThingForAnother`
Description	''SwitchingOneThingForAnother'' is an Action in which some ''IntelligentAgent'' replaces one thing (of any type) for another. This is very general. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'switch' in Wordnet: 3. (2) switch, shift, change - (lay aside, abandon, or leave for another; 'switch to a different brand of beer'; 'She switched psychiatrists'; 'The car changed lanes') WN noun 'switch': 7. switch, switching, shift - (the act of changing one thing or position for another; 'his switch on abortion cost him the election')`
Super-classes	CausingChange^c Altering^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value DitransitiveObjectPair^c hadThingAffected^op value DitransitiveObjectPair^c causes^op value ReplacingSomething^c

SwitchingaDeviceOff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwitchingaDeviceOff`
Description	A ''ChangingDeviceState'' in which a ''Device'' is switched to an 'off' (''PoweredOff'') state. `'cut the power' or 'cut the engine' is one use of 'cut' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch off' in WordNet: 1. (8) switch off, cut, turn off, turn out - (cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch; 'Turn off the stereo, please'; 'cut the engine'; 'turn out the lights')`
Super-classes	SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff^c DeactivatingaDevice^c
Restrictions	hasStateAfterChange^op value PoweredOff^c hasStateBeforeChange^op value PoweredOn^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value SwitchingaDeviceOn^c
Sub-classes	SwitchingAnElectricDeviceOff^c

SwitchingaDeviceOn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwitchingaDeviceOn`
Description	A ''ChangingDeviceState'' in which a ''ElectricalDevice'' is switched to a 'on' (''PoweredOn'') or 'off' (''PoweredOff'') state. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch on' in WordNet: 1. (5) switch on, turn on - (cause to operate by flipping a switch; 'switch on the light'; 'turn on the stereo')`
Super-classes	ActivatingaDevice^c SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value SwitchingaDeviceOff^c hasStateAfterChange^op value PoweredOn^c hasStateBeforeChange^op value PoweredOff^c

SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff`
Description	A ''ChangingDeviceState'' in which a ''Device'' is switched to a 'on' (''PoweredOn'') state. `NOTE that the WN gloss for 'switch suggests that this is only a 'switching on' but there is a WN subtype for 'switch on' so this WN sense must be interpreted as the union of turning on and turning off, with the specific end states as subtypes. See ''SwitchingaDeviceOn'' and ''SwitchingaDeviceOff'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch' in WordNet: 5. throw, flip, switch - (cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation; 'switch on the light'; 'throw the lever')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c ChangingDeviceState^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Device^c or DeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	SwitchingaDeviceOn^c SwitchingaDeviceOff^c

Swivel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swivel`
Description	A ''Swivel'' solid ''ArtifactObject'' that has a ''Pivot'' that enables some other object(s) to be attached and to ''Swivel'' around the ''Pivot'' freely, multiple times. 'ReversingRotation' NOTE: there are various types of objects that enable ''Swiveling''; this type includes all three types in RHW 'swivel': 1. a fastening device that allows the thing fastened to turn around freely upon it, esp. to turn in a full circle. 2. such a device consisting of two parts, each of which turns around independently, as a compound link of a chain, one part of which turns freely in the other by means of a headed pin or the like. 3. a pivoted support allowing a gun to turn around in a horizontal plane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swivel' in WordNet: 1. swivel - (a coupling (as in a chain) that has one end that turns on a headed pin)
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c MechanicalDevice^c SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Swiveling^c hasComponentPart^op value Pivot^c enablesOrAssists^op value Rotation-Periodic^c enablesOrAssists^op value FullRotation^c

Swiveling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swiveling`
Description	''Swiveling'' is a ''ChangingDirection'' in which a PhysicalObject has an ''AxisOfRotation'' that is attached to some other SolidObject. This usually differs from a more generic ''Rotation'' in that the ''AxisOfRotation'' may be at or close to the end of the object, so that the other end moves in a much large circle than the attached end. However, any ''StraightLongAndThinObject'' that rotates around a pivot point can be considered as performing a ''Swiveling'' Action, as for each arm of a pair of ''Scissors''. `NOTE: the term 'pivot' is also used for the action of a Person who turns while standing to face a different direction, while one foot remains on the same supporting spot. 'pivot' is also used metaphorically to refer to an Action a ''Person'' takes that changes the conceptal goal to a different metaphorical 'directon'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swivel' in WordNet: 1. (2) pivot, swivel - (turn on a pivot)`
Super-classes	Rotation^c MotionInPlace^c ChangingDirection^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some DirectionMeasure^c isPerformedBy^op value StraightLongAndThinObject^c

Swollen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swollen

Description

''Swollen'' is an attribute of ''AnimalBodyPart''s that have become larger due to a ''SwellingEvent''.

       the acollection of #$BiologicalLivingObjects
        having a temporarily larger than usual size, due to injury
        or other ailment.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'swollen' in Wordnet:
         1. (6) bloated, distended, puffed, puffy, swollen, intumescent,
            tumescent, tumid, turgid - (abnormally distended especially 
            by fluids or gas; 'hungry children with bloated stomachs';
            'he had a grossly distended stomach'; 'eyes with puffed (or puffy) lids'; 
            'swollen hands'; 'tumescent tissue'; 'puffy tumid flesh')
       WN adj 'enlarged':
         4. enlarged - (larger than normal; 'enlarged joints')

Super-classes Beneficial^c

SwollenState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwollenState`
Description	The state of ''SwollenState'' is an ''EnlargedState'' caused by a ''SwellingEvent'. This is for body parts. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swelling' in WordNet: 1. (2) swelling, puffiness, lump - (abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement)`
Super-classes	EnlargedState^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value SwellingEvent^c

SwoopingDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwoopingDown`
Description	A ''SwoopingDown'' is an Action of something usually an Animal) moving down through the air to reach an object at a lower altitude. The term 'swoop down on' is also used metaphorically for actions of people who appear to come rapidly from an unseen location to meet or surround or attack another Person or group. 'the fans swooped down and surrrounded the singer as he left the theater building'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swoop' in WordNet: 1. (8) pounce, swoop - (move down on as if in an attack; 'The raptor swooped down on its prey'; 'The teacher swooped down upon the new students')`
Super-classes	Descending^c ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

Sword^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sword`
Description	The weapon with a long blade used for hand-to-hand fighting. We set a minimum length as 50 centimeters - shorter than that would likely be considered as a knife. `SUMO: A Weapon with a long blade and covered handle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sword' in WordNet: 1. (9) sword, blade, brand, steel - (a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard)`
Super-classes	CloseQuarterCombatWeapon^c PrimitiveWeapon^c BladedWeapon-NonProjectile^c LethalWeapon^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 50.0^c

Swordfish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Swordfish`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swordfish' in WordNet: 2. swordfish, Xiphias gladius - (large toothless marine food fish with a long swordlike upper jaw; not completely cold-blooded i.e. they are able to warm their brains and eyes: worldwide in warm waters but feed on cold ocean floor coming to surface at night)`
Super-classes	EdibleFish^c ScombroidFish^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value SwordlikeUpperJaw^c

SwordlikeUpperJaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SwordlikeUpperJaw`
Description	A ''SwordlikeUpperJaw'' is an upper jaw (''Maxilla'') that is substantially longer than the lower jaw. This is present in some non-human Animals, such as the ''Swordfish'.
Super-classes	Maxilla^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Sword^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Long^c

Sworn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sworn

Description

''Sworn'' is the attribute of some Assertion (oral or written) that is created in a formal ''TakingAnOath'' Action.

        Corresponds to part (for taking an oath) of adjective sense 2 of 'sworn' in Wordnet:
          2. sworn - (bound by or stated on oath; 'now my sworn friend 
            and then mine enemy'- Shakespeare)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Sybarite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sybarite`
Description	There is little obvious difference in Wordnet between ''Sybarite'' and ''Hedonist'' so this type will characterize those people who are 'addicted' to pleasures of the flesh, not merely seeking them more often than average. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sybarite' in WordNet: 1. voluptuary, sybarite - (a person addicted to luxury and pleasures of the senses)`
Super-classes	Sensualist^c
Restrictions	enjoys^op value Hedonist^c

Sycophant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sycophant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sycophant' in WordNet: 1. sycophant, toady, crawler, lackey - (a person who tries to please someone in order to gain a personal advantage)`
Super-classes	FarmWorker^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Toadying^c

Syllable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syllable`
Description	A ''Syllable'' is a part of a spoken (or written) word, and can be represented by a substring of the characters of a Word. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syllable' in WordNet: 1. (11) syllable - (a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme; 'the word 'pocket' has two syllables')`
Super-classes	LinguisticObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPartOf^op value Word^c
Sub-classes	StressedSyllable^c

SyllableStress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SyllableStress`
Description	Each ''SyllableStress'' is an AttributeValue of a syllable in a word (and including temporarily stress on notes in music!) that can be heavy (emphasized) or light (unaccented, not emphasized), and includes tones in tonal langages like Chinese. `See also ''Stressed'' - relation needs clarification. The patterns of stress vary with languages; certain patterns of stress are formalized in poetic categories such as 'iambic pentameter'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stress' in WordNet: 1. (67) stress, emphasis, accent - (the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch); 'he put the stress on the wrong syllable')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	HeavyStress^c LightStress^c

SymbolType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SymbolType`
Description	''SymbolType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of ''SymbolicThing''
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	AbstractPrintableCharacter EqualsSign Exponent NotationalSymbol MusicalNoteSymbol AbstractSymbol Designator DecimalPoint MathematicalSign WritingSymbol WordString MathematicalSymbol

Symbolic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symbolic

Description

''Symbolic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to things (physical or abstract) that are ''SymbolicThing''s, representing or referring to something other than the thing itself.

    Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'symbolic' in WordNet:
       1. (2) symbolic, symbolical - (relating to or using or proceeding 
           by means of symbols; 'symbolic logic'; 'symbolic operations'; 'symbolic thinking')
       2. (2) emblematic, emblematical, symbolic, symbolical -
              (serving as a visible symbol for something abstract; 
              'a crown is emblematic of royalty'; 'the spinning wheel
              was as symbolic of colonical Massachusetts as the codfish')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

SymbolicGesture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SymbolicGesture`
Description	A ''SymbolicGesture'' is a ''Gesture'' (a configuration of body parts - an Object, not an Event) that is produced as a means to communicate some concept or meaning, as in nodding to signify 'yes' or shaking one's head back and forth to signify 'no' This includes those signs used in human sign language gestures that depend only on a static configuration of body parts (usually the hands) rather than on a motion.
Super-classes	Gesture^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value SymbolicGesturing^c

SymbolicGesturing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SymbolicGesturing`
Description	A ''SymbolicGesturing'' is a ''MakingaGesture'' that produces one or a series of ''SymbolicGesture''(s) (a configuration of body parts) produced as a means to communicate some concept or meaning, as in nodding to signify 'yes' or shaking one's head back and forth to signify 'no', or making a sign language 'sign'.
Super-classes	MakingAGesture^c Sign^c
Restrictions	produces^op value SymbolicGesture^c
Sub-classes	HeadShake^c SignLanguageGesturing^c

SymbolicMeaning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SymbolicMeaning`
Description	The ''SymbolicMeaning'' of a ''Symbol'' is the''IntendedMeaning'' that the creator or user of the ''SymbolicThing'' (Action or Object) intended to convey. `This is for the meaning that is intended to be conveyed by an act of 'symbolism' (symbolic representation). NOTE: the 'action' of 'symbolism' is in RHW sense 6: 6. the use of any of certain special figures or marks of identification to signify a religious message or divine being, as the cross for Christ and the Christian faith. No WN synset for this sense of 'symbolism'. RHW 'symbolism': 3. symbolic meaning or character.`
Super-classes	Meaning^c
Restrictions	isTheMeaningRepresentationOf^op value SymbolicThing^c

SymbolicObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SymbolicObject`
Description	A SymbolicObject is an artifactual PhysicalObject created with the purpose of being or bearing some physical symbol that represents something other than the symbol itself; the represented thing may be abstract or physical. The symbolism of a SymbolicObject does not depend on language to convey its intended meaning; it is primarily graphic in nature. The thing symbolized can be referred to by using ''isaPhysicalRepresentationOf'' Cyc: A specialization of both #$SymbolicThing and #$HumanAccessibleIBO. Each instance of #$SymbolicObject is a #$SymbolicThing that has some material part (i.e. is an instance of #$PhysicalObject), and symbolizes some thing, event or achievement, without describing it propositionally in any detail. Examples include national flags, military medals and ribbons, an Oscar, a Crucifix, a caduceus, and printed trademark logos of commercial brands. Only some instances of #$SymbolicObject have the #$primaryFunction of serving as symbols (e.g. national flags, war memorials); others are symbolic in a secondary capacity (e.g. a gravestone symbolizes death but its primary function is as a marker), and/or acquire symbolic associations over time (e.g. Ellis Island). Examples of #$SymbolicObject include the #$ArcDeTriomphe, the #$StatueOfLiberty, the #$PyramidOfCheops, a hangman's noose, a Menorah, a white dove. Negative examples include #$NationalAnthems and #$Swastikas projected on walls, because these do not have a material part; for such symbols use the broader collection #$SymbolicThing. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'symbol' in WordNet: 1. (21) symbol - (an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance) 2. (2) symbol, symbolization, symbolisation, symbolic representation - (something visible that by association or convention represents something else that is invisible; 'the eagle is a symbol of the United States')
Super-classes	SymbolicThing^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	Token-Physical^c InformationBearingObject^c JewelryPin^c MemorialMarker^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c Crown^c Reminder^c Trophy^c FingerprintTrace^c BodyMarking^c Mascot^c AwardSymbol^c Bracelet^c Postmark^c EmblemObject^c Embassy^c CommemorativeObject^c Idol^c PhysicalLabel^c MoonFigure^c

SymbolicThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SymbolicThing`
Description	A specialization of both #$InformationStore and #$PartiallyIntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$SymbolicThing symbolizes some thing or event or achievement, without describing it in any detail. Examples include halos (#$Halo-Symbolic), #$NationalAnthems, school colors, and physical objects such as national flags which are instances of the (notable) subcollection #$SymbolicObject. Note that instances of #$SymbolicThing can be #$InformationBearingThings or #$ConceptualWorks. They generally do not have propositional information (#$PropositionalInformationThing) contents - rather, they are typically associated (by an informed interpreter) with particular entities. To emotional interpreters, such as #$Persons, symbolic objects are often evocative of certain attitudes associated with the entities symbolized - such as nationalism, respect, school spirit, hatred, reverence, etc. #$SymbolicThing differs from #$Signal in that #$Signals are one-time-only occurrences, whereas #$SymbolicThings are open to their characteristic interpretation any time they are encountered. See also #$signifiesTo, #$signifies.
Super-classes	RepresentationObject^c InformationStore^c
Sub-classes	AbstractSymbolicObject^c FineArtObject^c HonorAward^c SymbolicObject^c Crucifix^c

Symbolically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symbolically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'symbolically' in Wordnet: 2. symbolically - (by means of symbols; 'symbolically expressed')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Symbolization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symbolization`
Description	''Symbolization'' is the use of ''Symbol''s to convey meanings. `NOTE: the 'action' of 'symbolism' is in RHW sense 6: 6. the use of any of certain special figures or marks of identification to signify a religious message or divine being, as the cross for Christ and the Christian faith. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symbolization' in WordNet: 1. symbolization, symbolisation - (the use of symbols to convey meaning) 3. symbolism, symbolization, symbolisation - (the practice of investing things with symbolic meaning)`
Super-classes	Meaning^c
Restrictions	hasMeaningRepresentation^op value SymbolicThing^c

Symmetric^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symmetric`
Description	''Symmetric'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is similar in apperance or outline when rotated by some amount, or when inverted. `Whether rotated or inverted,ther should be some point, line, or plane that is the 'axis of symmetry'' about which that rotation or inversion occurs. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'symmetric' in WordNet: 1. (7) symmetrical, symmetric - (having similarity in size, shape, and relative position of corresponding parts)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	RotationallySymmetric^c BilaterallySymmetric^c

SymmetricView^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SymmetricView`
Description	Each ''SymmetricView''' is a ''View'' (a LightPropagationEvent) that has some form of symmetry about a center point or plane, and is produced by one or (usually) more ''ReflectiveObjects'' (usually mirrors) for any purpose. Common examples are the image at the end of the tube viewed in a ''Kaleidoscope'', or the multiple reflections in a 'Hall of Mirrors'' in a Fun House. More serious purposes are possible.
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Reflecting^c

Symmetry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symmetry

Description

''Symmetry'' is the nominalized form of ''Symmetric'' - things that are ''Symmetric'' have ''Symmetry''.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symmetry' in WordNet:
       1. (5) symmetry, symmetricalness, correspondence, balance -
          ((mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; 
          exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane)

Super-classes Quality^c

Sympathetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sympathetic`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing 'Sympathy' (for someone). This may be linguistically expressed with the word 'toward' or 'to' after 'sympathetic'. This is a subtype of 'Friendly' and may be a temporary - even fleeting - attribute. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sympathetic' in WordNet: 2. (8) sympathetic - (expressing or feeling or resulting from sympathy or compassion or friendly fellow feelings; disposed toward; 'sympathetic to the students' cause'; 'a sympathetic observer'; 'a sympathetic gesture')`
Super-classes	Friendly^c
Sub-classes	Woke^c WarmHearted^c Compassionate^c

Sympathizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sympathizing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sympathize' in WordNet: 1. (2) sympathize, sympathise - (share the feelings of; understand the sentiments of)`
Super-classes	Grief^c

Sympathy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sympathy`
Description	A feeling of tenderness or respect induced by the suffering or distress of another. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sympathy' in WordNet: 2. (7) sympathy, fellow feeling - (sharing the feelings of others (especially feelings of sorrow or anguish))`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Sub-classes	Empathy^c

Symphony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symphony`
Description	A ''Symphony'' is a form of ''ClassicalMusic'' performance that in which orchestral parts are the dominant events, though short individual segments may be included,and sometimes choral parts. NOTE that this is the performance of a symphony - an action, not the specification. CYC: The collection of all symphonies - orchestral works in more than one movement, without soloists except those sitting as members of the orchestra. Unlike earlier suites and concerti grossi, most movements of a symphony are not based on dance forms. Notable examples include those of #$FranzJosephHaydn, #$GustavMahler, and many composers in between. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symphony' in WordNet: 1. (4) symphony, symphonic music - (a long and complex sonata for symphony orchestra)
Super-classes	MusicalPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some OrchestraMusic^c causes^op some ClassicalMusic^c

SymphonyOrchestra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SymphonyOrchestra`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symphony orchestra' in WordNet: 1. (1) symphony orchestra, symphony, philharmonic - (a large orchestra; can perform symphonies; 'we heard the Vienna symphony')`
Super-classes	Orchestra^c

Symposium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symposium`
Description	A ''Symposium'' is a ''Conference'' having multiple presentations by participants. For this ontology, a large ''Conference'' with more than a few ''Presentation''s will be represented by this ''Symposium'' whether or not it is called by that name. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symposium' in WordNet: 1. (2) symposium - (a meeting or conference for the public discussion of some topic especially one in which the participants form an audience and make presentations)`
Super-classes	Conference^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op min 5

Symptom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symptom`
Description	A Symptom is a Sign that is also a SituationProcessEventOrState, and which provides evidence of an abnormal condition. This can be applied to the conditions of organisms or devices. `Q?? Physiological condition?? Attribute?? The Physiological condition showing sign of ailment in Medicine is the subtype ''''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'symptom' in Wordnet: 2. (6) symptom - (anything that accompanies X and is regarded as an indication of X's existence)`
Super-classes	SituationProcessEventOrState^c Sign^c Evidence^c
Restrictions	isaSignOf^op only (AbnormalCondition^c or ConditionType^c)
Sub-classes	Itch^c Constipation^c HighBodyTemperature^c VitalSign^c PainOrAche^c Inflammation^c MedicalSymptom^c Cramping^c Fever^c

Symptomatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Symptomatic

Description

''Symptomatic'' is an attribute of something with a ''Symptom'' (typically a situation, such as some Object having an attribute or perfroming some Action) that 'suggests or 'indicates' some other situation that is correlated causally (in either direction) with the ''Symptom''. The strength of the correlation is vague, and is indicated by pointing to both ''Suggesting'' and the stronger ''Indicating''. This is usually used to refer to Symtoms of an ''AillmentCondition'', but can also be used to describe Actions of Devices that are not performing as expected, to indicate a malfuction.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'symptomatic' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) diagnostic, symptomatic - (characteristic or indicative of e.g. a disease;
              'a diagnostic sign of yellow fever'; 'diagnostic information'; 
              'a rash symptomatic of scarlet fever'; 'symptomatic of insanity'; 
              'a rise in crime symptomatic of social breakdown')

Super-classes Indicative^c
Suggestive^c

Synagogue-LocalCongregation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synagogue-LocalCongregation`
Description	CYC: The collection of local synagogues. `NOTE: this is the Group of ''Jew''s associated with a local Synagogue. RHW 'Synagogue': 2. an assembly or congregation of Jews for the purpose of religious worship.`
Super-classes	ReligiousGroup^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only JewishPerson^c

SynagogueBuilding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SynagogueBuilding

Description

A religious building where Jewish services and related activities are held.

        Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'temple' in WordNet:
         4. synagogue, temple, tabernacle - ((Judaism) the place of worship 
           for a Jewish congregation)

Super-classes ReligiousBuilding^c

Synchronized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synchronized

Description

''Synchronized'' is the attribute of a ''TimePiece" that has been adjusted so as to display the same time of day as another ''Timepiece'', at the same real time point.

       NOTE: for actions that have been 'synhronized' a different attribute would need
           to be created.  not yet.

       The WN 'synchronized' is for the synchronization of Actions.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SynchronizingActions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SynchronizingActions`
Description	''SynchronizingActions'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which one agent makes some arrangement, independently or in cooperations with (an)other agent(s) to perform some Actions at the same time or within the same TimeInterval,or in a predetermined time sequence. This may be facilitated when multiple agents are in different locations by a ''SynchronizingaTimepiece'' Action to assure that all of the agents are using TimePieces that display the same TimePoints at the same real-time TimePoint. `This may also be accomplished in coordinated Activities by all agents following the lead of some single Agent (such as the ''Conductor'' of an ''Orchestra'') who determines the timing for specific actions to be performed simultaneously or in a predetermined sequence. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'synchronize' in WordNet: 1. (1) synchronize, synchronise, sync - (make synchronous and adjust in time or manner; 'Let's synchronize our efforts')`
Super-classes	Adjusting^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value MatchingAction^c isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value SynchronizingaTimepiece^c hadObjectModified^op value Timepiece^c

SynchronizingaTimepiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SynchronizingaTimepiece`
Description	''SynchronizingaTimepiece'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which some ''Timepiece'' is adjusted to display the same time as some other ''Timepiece'', so that the user will know what time the user of the other Timepiece observes. This can be done so that two more agents can all perform actions that should occur simultaneously or in some specific time sequence. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'synchronize' in WordNet: 6. synchronize, synchronise - (cause to indicate the same time or rate; 'synchronize your watches')`
Super-classes	Adjusting^c SettingaDeviceState^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value MatchingAction^c enablesOrAssists^op value SynchronizingActions^c hadObjectModified^op value Timepiece^c

Synchrotron^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synchrotron

Description

CYC: This is the collection of synchrotrons, which are a type of particle accelerator.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synchrotron' in WordNet:
         1. synchrotron - (cyclotron in which the electric field 
              is maintained at a constant frequency)

Super-classes ParticleAccelerator^c

Syndicate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syndicate`
Description	This ''Syndicate'' includes two of the three types of 'syndicate' represented in WordNet; a ''crime syndicate' is represented by '''TheSundicat''. The other two specific types would be subtypes of this, added when needed for distinction. `Includes noun senses 2, and 3 of 'syndicate' in WordNet: 2. (1) consortium, pool, syndicate - (an association of companies for some definite purpose) 3. syndicate - (a news agency that sells features or articles or photographs etc. to newspapers for simultaneous publication)`
Super-classes	Organization^c SocialBeing^c
Sub-classes	TheSyndicate^c

Syndicated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syndicated

Description

''Syndicated'' is an attribute of a ''Syndicate'' that have been formed by a ''Syndicating'' action.

       Not WN sense for 'syndicated'.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Syndicating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syndicating`
Description	''JoiningTogether'' is an Event in which two or more ''IntelligentAgent''s join to form a ''Syndicate''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syndicate' in WordNet: 1. syndicate - (join together into a syndicate; 'The banks syndicated')`
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value AgentGroup^c produces^op some (Group^c or GroupType^c or Organization^c or OrganizationType^c)

Syndrome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syndrome`
Description	A Group of Symptoms that suggest a single underlying cause. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'syndrome' in WordNet: 2. syndrome - (a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease)`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Symptom^c
Sub-classes	Autism^c Catatonia^c

Synergist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synergist`
Description	A ''Synergist'' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that, by itself as little or no therapeutic effect, but when combined with another substance that has some therapeutic effect, enhances that effect beyond what can be accomplished without the ''Synergist''. `NOTE the words 'synergist' and 'catalyst' are used in metaphorical expressions that are difficult to enumerate or classify. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synergist' in WordNet: 1. synergist - (a drug that augments the activity of another drug)`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c Role^c DrugSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Synergizing^c isUsedInAction^op some DrugTherapy^c

Synergizing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synergizing

Description

''Synergizing'' is an intensive form of ''GoingWellTogether'' where the things that 'synergize' each other have a combined effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects.

        NOTE that there may be one component of a Group that does
           not have any desirable effect in itself, but in 
           interaction with one or more other Entities causes an
           effect greater than that of those one or more other 
           entities by themselves. This is particularly notable
           in some drug combinations.  That type of Agent is termed
           a 'synergist'.

      No entry for the verb 'syergize' in WN or RHW, but on the web:
        Cambridge English Dictionary:
            synergize meaning: to combine or work together in order
              to be more effective, or to make things or people do this:
       ALSO: Definition
          combine or coordinate the activity of (two or more agents) 
          to produce a joint effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.             
         'the two companies have been looking for ways to synergize their businesses'

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synergy' in WordNet:
           1. synergy, synergism - (the working together 
             of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect 
             greater than the sum of their individual effects)

Super-classes GoingWellTogether^c
Interacting^c

Synesthesia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synesthesia

Description

A ''Synesthesia'' is a Sensation that is caused by a different 'mode' of sensation (one usually caused by a different type of stimulus).

        Saying this in logic seems complicated.  @ToDo: Needs further thought.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synesthesia' in WordNet:
          1. synesthesia, synaesthesia - (a sensation  that normally occurs 
           in one sense modality occurs when another modality is stimulated)

Super-classes Sensation^c

Synonym^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synonym`
Description	The class of Synonyms has two uses: (1) When a synonymous term is included as a subtype of Synonym, it allows searching for a Type by more than one term, in the case where the alternative term(s) are also unique in the ontology. For example, where Cyc class names (but not meanings) have been changed, the Cyc term may also be included as a Synonym. We use the isaSynonymOf relation to relate Synonym classes to the class with the base name. (2) when used with the 'hasSynonym' relation, instances of Synonym can specify the context (such as namespace) in which the second term is a synonym of the first, and can indicate the overall frequency with which the term in that context actually has the same meaning as the base term. Since there can be multiple instances of the same synonymous term, it is represented as a datatype String entity. NOTE that instances of Synonym need to have unique id's as their identifiers in the ontology, so it is recommended that the unique ID's be generated by prefixing a namespace to the synonymous term that is pointed to by the 'hasSynonymousTerm' property of the Synonym instance. Thus if some term has the synonym 'process' in the PSL context, the instance of Synonym that specifies that relation can be named, e.g. 'PSL$process'. The general English contexts, where words may be ambiguous, is indicated by the namespace prefix 'engen'. The AnnotationProperty ''en'' is also used to label entries with English words having the same meaning in some context. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synonym' in Wordnet: 1. (2) synonym, equivalent word - (two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context)
Super-classes	Individual^c
Sub-classes	LegalConflict^c SimpleRepairing^c Bone-BodyPart^c DatabaseTableRow^c GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation^c GeographicalPoint-Intangible^c SaltWaterArea^c BulletProofVest^c HumanGroup^c IntentionalPsychologicalProcess^c DatabaseTableRecord^c RegionalGovernment^c DoorwayCovering^c OccupationalRole^c MeasurementUncertainty^c ContentBearingProcess^c Perception^c MercantileOrganization^c Figure-Geometrical^c AnimacyAttribute^c IntentionalProcess^c CareOrganization^c WallOrPost^c PsychologicalProcess^c SomethingExisting^c Certificate-IBT^c StationaryArtifact^c AutonomicProcess^c DyingOfBLO^c PostSecondarySchool^c ContentDevelopment^c DigitAppendage^c StateOfMatterChangeEvent^c HistoricalAccount^c UnskilledOccupation^c OccupationalTrade^c Tremor^c FluidTangibleThing^c BiologicalSurvival^c MeasurementError^c
In domain of	hasFrequencyOfUse^dp hasSynonymousTerm^dp
In range of	hasSynonym^ap
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_7 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#engen_boat http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2_3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Half http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_6 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_1_4 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#degen_Boot

Synonymous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synonymous`
Description	''Synonymous'' is an attribute of any two or more words that have the same meaning, usually only in some particular context. This is an attribute of all of the words in a Wordnet 'synset' (set of synonyms). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'synonymous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) synonymous - ((of words) meaning the same or nearly the same)
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

SynovialJoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SynovialJoint`
Description	''SynovialJoint'' is derived from WordNet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synovial joint' in WordNet: 1. synovial joint, articulatio synovialis, diarthrosis - (a joint so articulated as to move freely)`
Super-classes	Joint-AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	GlidingJoint^c

Syntactic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syntactic

Description

''Syntactic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Syntax'' and is used in contrast to 'semantic' which refers to the ''Meaning'of a linguistic phrase rather than the arrangement of phrases.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'syntactic' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) syntactic, syntactical - (of or relating to 
       or conforming to the rules of syntax; 'the syntactic rules of a language')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Syntax^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syntax`
Description	''Syntax'' is a ''MentalStructure'' that is the arrangement of words and phrases in a linguistic ''Phrase'', and is used in understanding the maning of that ''Phrase''. `syntaxCorresponds to noun sense 1 of '' in WordNet: 1. (2) syntax, sentence structure, phrase structure - (the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences)`
Super-classes	KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value UnderstandingaPhrase^c

Synthesis-Generic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synthesis-Generic`
Description	`CYC: A specialization of #$Action and #$CreationEvent. Each instance of #$Synthesis-Generic is an event in which an #$Agent-Generic synthesizes (combines, puts together) two or more instances of #$SomethingExisting (e.g. #$Paints or #$LinguisticObjects) to create something new.`
Super-classes	Creation^c Action^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalSynthesis^c

Synthesizer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synthesizer

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'synthesizer' in WordNet:
          2. synthesizer, synthesiser - ((music) an electronic instrument 
             (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds 
             electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instruments)

Super-classes MusicalInstrument-Electronic^c

Synthetic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Synthetic

Description

'Synthetic'' is the subAttribute of ''Manmade'' specifically characterizing substances made by chemical synthesis.

     NOTE: If chemical synthesis is used to prepare a specific product, it is ''Synthetic''
           even if it occurs in Nature, as in 'Synthetic diamond' (the substance).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'synthetic' in Wordnet:
          1. (8) man-made, semisynthetic, synthetic -
             (not of natural origin; prepared or made artificially;
             'man-made fibers'; 'synthetic leather')

Super-classes ManMade^c

SyntheticResin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SyntheticResin`
Description	A ''SyntheticResin'' is a ''SyntheticSubstance'' that is a semisolid organic substance resembling ''Resin''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synthetic resin' in WordNet: 1. synthetic resin - (a resin having a polymeric structure; especially a resin in the raw state; used chiefly in plastics)`
Super-classes	SyntheticSubstance^c Resin^c
Sub-classes	AcrylicResin^c

SyntheticRubber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SyntheticRubber

Description

Synthetic Rubber - the manufactured substance. Called 'Rubber-Synthetic' inCyc.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rubber' in WordNet:
       2. rubber, synthetic rubber - - (any of various synthetic elastic materials
            whose properties resemble natural rubber)

Super-classes ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c
SyntheticSubstance^c
Rubber^c

SyntheticSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SyntheticSubstance`
Description	Any Substance that is the result of an IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that is created by Humans (from SUMO). `This differs from parent type ''ArtificialSubstance'' in that some form of chemical transformation, not just extraction or shape change or mixing, needs to be performed to make it a ''SyntheticSubstance''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synthetic substance' in WordNet: 1. synthetic, synthetic substance - (a compound made artificially by chemical reactions)`
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op value ChemicalSynthesis^c
Sub-classes	Opioid^c SyntheticResin^c SyntheticRubber^c Plastic^c

Syphilis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syphilis

Description

A sexually transmissible disease that, if undetected, can lead to insanity and death.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syphilis' in WordNet:
          1. syphilis, syph, pox - (a common venereal disease 
            caused by the treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change 
            through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta))

Super-classes VenerealDisease^c
BacterialInfection^c
LifeThreateningCondition^c
ChronicCondition^c

Syrian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syrian`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Syrian' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Syrian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Syria or its people or culture; 'the Syrian government')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Syrup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Syrup`
Description	Syrup is a sweet sticky substance with the same viscosity as honey. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syrup' in Wordnet: 1. syrup, sirup - (a thick sweet sticky liquid)`
Super-classes	Sweetener^c LiquidSubstance^c StickyStuff^c SweetTastingSubstance^c
Sub-classes	CornSyrup^c MapleSyrup^c Grenadine^c Molasses^c Sap^c FermentedMolasses^c

System^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#System`
Description	More abstract than 'FunctionalSystem' - need not have a purpose, such as the Solar System. The Group describing the System will include the relations among the objects. For a System having some function (artifactual or evolutionary) use 'FunctionalSystem'. The collection of all systems - complex objects that decompose into simpler components that, by virtue of the relations among them, form a recognizable, cohesive whole. Notable specializations include #$PathSystem and #$FunctionalSystem. The components of an instance of #$System can be identified using #$systemComponents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'system' in WordNet: 1. (394) system, scheme - (a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; 'a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going')
Super-classes	CompositeConcept^c
Sub-classes	NationalEconomy^c SocialSystem^c PipingSystem-Generic^c RadiationContainmentSystem^c Ecosystem^c WeaponSystem^c SystemOfRules^c TheologicalSystem^c Scaffolding^c FunctionalSystem^c

SystemCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SystemCondition`
Description	A specialization of #$Situation. Each instance of #$SystemCondition is a state or process undergone by some natural or artificial system (for example, an organism or a computer network). The state or process in question may be either normal or abnormal. A typical instance of #$SystemCondition is a state or process that has important temporal aspects, or affects the system's condition for a significant period of time, such that the condition may be thought of as an 'episode' in the existence of the system, or even a permanent aspect of the system. COSMO note: this Cyc category is interpreted as a PersistentState (a subtype of Event), meaning that the situation stays constant over some period of time. If the condition is some process (rotating), then the process should be constant over that interval, e.g. the rate of turn should be constant, within the limits of interest to the ontologist. NOTE that any given situation (''SituationProcessEventOrState'') may have multiple ''SystemCondition''s as subevents that influence the overall character of the ''SituationProcessEventOrState'' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'condition' in WordNet: 1. (455) condition, status - (a state at a particular time; 'a condition (or state) of disrepair'; 'the current status of the arms negotiations')
Super-classes	Situation-Localized^c PersistentState^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value System^c
Sub-classes	OrganismCondition^c EnvironmentalCondition^c ObjectCondition^c SanitaryCondition^c DeviceMode^c Hygiene^c Sanitariness^c Circumstance^c AbnormalCondition^c

SystemContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SystemContext`
Description	A SystemContext is a SituationalContextComponent that is specific for computational agents, whether physical (a computer system including hardware) or merely software. A computational system can be viewed as one agent, though it may include within it multiple software agents. The SystemContext will include anything affecting the ability of the agent to act, including, among other things, the hardware resources available for use - power sources (line or batteries) CPU, disks, RAM, terminals, network connections, anything else connected to a system port, etc.
Super-classes	SituationalContextComponent^c
Sub-classes	NetworkContext^c

SystemOfRules^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SystemOfRules`
Description	A ''SystemOfRules'' is a System containing multiple Rules plus some other elements such as methods for interpreting or combining them `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'system' in WordNet: 3. (110) system, system of rules - (a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; 'they have to operate under a system they oppose'; 'that language has a complex system for indicating gender')`
Super-classes	System^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Rule^c
Sub-classes	GovernmentProgram^c AccountingSystem^c Codification^c CodeOfEthics^c

SystemType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SystemType`
Description	''SystemType'' is a metaclass used as the Type whose instances are 'System'''s of certain kinds that can be referenced by ''believes'' and ''hasBeliever'', a special usage.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	Marxism Socialism Communism

Systematic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Systematic`
Description	''Systematic'' is an AttributeValue of Procedures that follow a mental 'system' and are ''Planned'' and executed in an ''Ordered'' manner, and of people who act in such a manner. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'systematic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) systematic - (characterized by order and planning; 'the investigation was very systematic'; 'a systematic administrator') 2. orderly, systematic - (not haphazard; 'a series of orderly actions at regular hours')`
Super-classes	Ordered^c PertainingAttributeValue^c Planned^c
Sub-classes	Methodical^c

Systematizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Systematizing`
Description	''Systematizing'' is an ''OrderingaGroup'' that applies some method to create an ordered ''System'' (such as a 'SystemOfRules'') from a less organized Group of things. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'systematize' in Wordnet: 1. (4) systematize, systematise, systemize, systemise - (arrange according to a system or reduce to a system; 'systematize our scientific knowledge')`
Super-classes	OrderingaGroup^c
Restrictions	usesResource^op value Method^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Systematic^c produces^op value System^c
Sub-classes	Codifying^c

SystemeInternationalUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SystemeInternationalUnit`
Description	The Class of Systeme International (SI) units.
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c

Systemic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Systemic

Description

'Systemic' is an AttributeValue of Events or ''PersistenEvent''s that affect a whole Object, usually a functional Object, and especially an AnimalBody. This includes the more specialized meaning for ''PhysiologicalCondition''s, ''AilmentCondition''s or medical treatments (such as Anaesthesia) that affect the whole body of an Animal, usually used in reference to a Person.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'systemic' in Wordnet:
          1. systemic - (affecting an entire system; 'a systemic poison')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Systems^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Systems`
Description	''Systems'' is used as a "PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''system'' generally, but most commonly to ''ComputationalSystem''s. Representing this as an attribute is intended to minimize the relational inferencing needed for NN combinations when the word may be interpreted as a simple plural.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

T-shirt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#T-shirt

Description

Typically is slip-on without buttons. CYC: The sets of T-shirts.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'T-shirt' in WordNet:
         1. jersey, T-shirt, tee shirt - (a close-fitting pullover shirt)

Super-classes ShortSleeveShirt^c

TNT^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TNT

Description

Trinitrotoluene, an explosive substance used commonly in military explosive devices.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'TNT' in Wordnet:
         1. TNT, trinitrotoluene - (explosive consisting of a yellow crystalline compound 
           that is a flammable toxic derivative of toluene)

Super-classes ExplosiveSubstance^c
OrganicCompound^c

TVAudience^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TVAudience`
Description	A ''TVAudience'' is a ''MassAudience'' that is listening to (and/or watching) a TV broadcast, or some other means of communication (e.g. podcast) where the images and voice of the speaker(s) can be heard by a MassAudience tuned in to the broadcast channel. `Coresponds to noun sense 1 of 'TV audience' in WordNet: 1. (1) viewing audience, TV audience, viewers - (the audience reached by television)`
Super-classes	RadioOrTVAudience^c
Restrictions	isTheIntendedAudienceOf^op value TVBroadcasting^c

TVBroadcasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TVBroadcasting`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$TVTransmitting. In every #$TVBroadcasting event, an intangible #$InformationBearingThing (usually a #$MovingImageWithSound) is converted into radio signals and transmitted by a #$BroadcastAntenna and received by a #$ReceivingAntenna. See also #$CableTVTransmitting and #$TVMediaProduct. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'television' in WordNet: 1. (12) television, telecasting, TV, video - (broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects; 'she is a star of screen and video'; 'Television is a medium because it is neither rare nor well done' - Ernie Kovacs)`
Super-classes	Broadcasting^c TVTransmitting^c
Sub-classes	SatelliteTVBroadcasting^c

TVShowHost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TVShowHost`
Description	Each #$TVShowHost is a person who is a continuing presence on television shows which have varying content and varying personnel on the show. Typically, game shows, talk shows, music video shows, and any program that shows several short (shorter than the entire program) pieces of content will have a host. The role of the host could be to introduce the various segments of the show, to interview guests, or to act as moderator.
Super-classes	MasterOfCeremonies^c Entertainer^c MediaProfessional^c
Sub-classes	NewsShowHost^c

TVTransmitter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TVTransmitter

Description

Device used for transmitting tv signals.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'television transmitter' in WordNet:
          1. television transmitter - (transmitter that is part of a television system)

Super-classes ManufacturedGoods^c
Transmitter^c

TVTransmitting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TVTransmitting`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$MediaTransmitting. In every #$TVTransmitting event, an intangible #$InformationBearingThing (usually a #$MovingImageWithSound) is transmitted to a #$TelevisionSet. This transmission may be via coaxial cable, in which case it is a #$CableTVTransmitting event. Or it may be via a #$BroadcastAntenna, in which case it is a #$TVBroadcasting event. See also #$TVMediaProduct.
Super-classes	MediaTransmitting^c
Sub-classes	CableTVTransmitting^c TVBroadcasting^c

TVdinner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TVdinner`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'TV dinner' in WordNet: 1. TV dinner - (a meal that is prepared in advance and frozen; can be heated and served)`
Super-classes	ConvenienceFood^c

Tab^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tab`
Description	A ''Tab'' is a small ''Strip'' of some solid material (paper, plastic, metal) that is attached to a larger object, often for the purpose of providing a place where a label can be written, as on the ''Tab'' of a file folder. ''Tab''d that have no writing on them include the ''Tab' on a metal can that is pulled to open the can; that is a borderline included subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tab' in WordNet: 4. tab - (a short strip of material attached to or projecting from something in order to facilitate opening or identifying or handling it; 'pull the tab to open the can'; 'files with a red tab will be stored separately'; 'the collar has a tab with a button hole'; 'the filing cards were organized by cards having indexed tabs')`
Super-classes	Strip^c
Sub-classes	RestaurantTab^c

TabKey^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TabKey

Description

A ''TabKey'' is a ''KeyboardKey''

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tab' in WordNet:
         3. tab key, tab - (the key on a typewriter or a word processor 
            that causes a tabulation)

Super-classes KeyboardKey^c
MarbleSizedObject^c

Table^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Table`
Description	A database (or similar) 'Table' is an abstract structure which is a list of lists. Individual tables will have two dimensions, but since each list may also be a list of lists, tables can effectively have an arbitrary number of dimensions. `For the piece of furniture that is a 'table' use 'Table-Furniture'. A Table is represented as a List, not an OrderedGroup - List positions can be empty, but Group elements cannot be null. The furniture Table is labeled 'Table-Furniture' in this ontology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'table' in WordNet: 1. (57) table, tabular array - (a set of data arranged in rows and columns; 'see table 1')`
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only List^c
Sub-classes	WageList^c TwoDimensionalTable^c ValueTimeTable^c

Table-Furniture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Table-Furniture`
Description	A ''Table-Furniture'' is a piece of furniture with a horizontal flat surface at a height not usually more than four feet off the floor, wide enough to serve as a support for solid objects. This includes not only tables used for dining, but for any purpose,such as a Ping-Pong table, and includes a ''Buffet'' as a subtype, and also ''Counter''s as a subtype. `In Cyc labeled: 'Table-PieceOfFurniture': Cyc A piece of furniture usually made entirely of rigid material, used to support objects. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'table' in WordNet: 2. (25) table - (a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs; 'it was a sturdy table')`
Super-classes	FlatToppedObject^c Object-SupportingFurniture^c Platform^c FurniturePiece^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value PhysicalObject^c hasComponentPart^op value HorizontalTopSurface^c hasComponentPart^op value LegOfArtifact^c
Sub-classes	Stand-Table^c Counter^c BedsideStand^c WorkTable^c PingPongTable^c Desk^c Altar^c NightTable^c PoolTable^c PicnicTable^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CassidyDinnerTable

TableCloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableCloth`
Description	COSMO note: this table cloth is actually cloth, not plastic. The parent TableCovering can be plastic. Note that WN has a subtype 'tea cloth' ('a small tablecloth'), so the WN 'TableCloth' does not have to cover the whole table. Thus we have ''Doily'' as a subtype. `Cyc: A sheet-like object, used to decorate and protect a table, especially during a meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tablecloth' in Wordnet: 1. tablecloth - (a covering spread over a dining table)`
Super-classes	PieceOfCloth^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c TableCovering^c
Sub-classes	Doily^c

TableCovering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableCovering`
Description	This collection is intended to include table cloths, placemats, and table runners. See sybtypes ''TableCloth' and ''Doily''. Not necessarily cloth (could be plastic); Thus WN 'Table linen' would not be a synonym.
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c Surface-Open^c NonPoweredDevice^c DurableGood^c Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Table^c
Sub-classes	TableCloth^c

TableGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableGame`
Description	A ''TableGame'' is the specification ('rules) for how to play the game, i.e the action of playing a ''TableGame''. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a 'game as the abstract specification and the Action that is an execution of the specification. The WN synset is used to label both, which need to be distinguished in text context. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'table game' in WordNet: 1. table game - (a game that is played on a table)`
Super-classes	Game^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Table-Furniture^c
Sub-classes	Dominoes^c PingPong^c

TableGameEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableGameEvent`
Description	A ''TableGameEvent'' is the action of playing a ''TableGame''. `NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a 'game as the abstract specification and the Action that is an execution of the specification. The WN synset is used to label both, which need to be distinguished in text context. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'table game' in WordNet: 1. table game - (a game that is played on a table)`
Super-classes	GameEvent^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Table-Furniture^c isAnExecutionOf^op value TableGame^c
Sub-classes	PingPongGame^c

TableKnife^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableKnife

Description

A Knife that is used for the purpose of eating food.

    This specialization of 'knife' corresponds to 'table knife'
      in WordNet:
      1. table knife - (a knife used for eating at dining table)

Super-classes Knife^c
EatingUtensil^c

TableMat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableMat`
Description	A small sheet-like solid object used to protect the surface of other table-like artifacts by being placed on top; it has to be inexpensive to be effective as a protecting object. It can be made of cloth or plastic, and is usually at least somewhat flexible. The 'mat' of floor mats is a different type of object - use 'Mat'. `Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'mat' in WordNet: 7. mat - (a small pad of material that is used to protect a surface from an object placed on it)`
Super-classes	SheetArtifact^c Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c isDesignedToCover^op value Table-Furniture^c

TableSalt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableSalt`
Description	CYC: The collection of quantities of sodium chloride granules, commonly used as a condiment with food. This form of sodium chloride is necesarily granular. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'salt' in WordNet: 2. (5) salt, table salt, common salt - (white crystalline form of especially sodium chloride used to season and preserve food)`
Super-classes	Seasoning^c Condiment^c SodiumChloride^c GranularSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Granular^c

TableSpoon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableSpoon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tablespoon' in WordNet: 2. tablespoon - (a spoon larger than a dessert spoon; used for serving)`
Super-classes	Spoon-EatingUtensil^c

TableSugar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableSugar`
Description	Sucrose in the granular (not powdered) form used as the sweetener in drinks and other foods. `In Cyc called 'Sugar-Table'. Cyc: Common table sugar, or sucrose. A white crystalline substance used to sweeten foods and beverages. Molecules have the empirical formula C12H22O11. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sucrose' in WordNet: 1. sucrose, saccharose - (a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent)`
Super-classes	MetabolizableCarbohydrate^c Sucrose^c GranularSubstance^c
Sub-classes	CaramelizedSugar^c

TableTop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TableTop`
Description	A ''TableTop'' is a ''HorizontalWorkSurface'' that is part of a ''Table-Furniture'', typically having an elevation of about two to four feet off the floor, to allow convenient acess of objects on it while sitting or standing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tabletop' in WordNet: 1. (1) tabletop - (the top horizontal work surface of a table)`
Super-classes	HorizontalWorkSurface^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op value Table-Furniture^c
Sub-classes	CounterTop^c

Tableau^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tableau`
Description	This ''Tableau'' is a 'View' (a light radiation Event) of some group of people in an arrangement that has some dramatic feeling. This can be part of a ''DramaticPerformance'' or of a ''Painting'' or picture that illustrates or captures some interesting Event. MWD: a scene or event usually presented on a stage by costumed participants who remain silent and motionless NOTE: the two WordNet senses are interrelated and aggregated here. Subtypes might be distinguished, as in a Painting. RHUD has three senses. Perhaps a Person or GroupOfPeople costumed and arranged to represent some Event would be one subtype? Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'tableau' in WordNet: 1. (1) tableau, tableau vivant - (a group of people attractively arranged (as if in a painting)) 2. (1) tableau - (any dramatic scene)
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dramatic^c hasTopic^op some GroupOfPeople^c hadMainParticipant^op some GroupOfPeople^c

TabletDrug^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TabletDrug`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$TabletDrugs. An instance of #$TabletDrug is a #$Pill in #$Tablet form. A type of #$Pill which is solid. The medicine contained is mixed with a binder substance. `Corresponds to part (granular tablets only, no coating) of noun sense 4 of 'tablet' in Wordnet: 4. pill, lozenge, tablet, tab - (a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet)`
Super-classes	Pill^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op value GranularSubstance^c

Tableware^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tableware`
Description	''Tableware'' is an 'ObjectGroup' each element of which is some 'ProductObject' that is used in an Event of ''EatingEvent'', usually while sitting at a table or near some other flat surface to support the ''Tableware''. Includes dishes, plates, cups saucers, bowls, drinking glasses utensils, and anything else that makes eating more convenient, sanitary, or pleasant. `Each piece of Tableware is a solid artifact intended for use in eating food, typically at a table. This includes forks, spoons, some knives, serving pieces, and the dishes, plates, bowls, cups, saucers, glasses, and other objects that hold or manipulate food or beverages while dining. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tableware' in WordNet: 1. tableware - (articles for use at the table (dishes and silverware and glassware))`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c HumanOccupationConstructObject^c PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value EatingUtensil^c hasComponentElement^op value DrinkingVessel^c hasComponentElement^op value Bowl-Eating^c hasComponentElement^op value Saucer^c wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent^op value Dining^c hasComponentElement^op value Dish^c
Sub-classes	EatingUtensil^c Dishes^c SilverPlatedTableware^c DrinkingVessel^c Flatware^c Saucer^c Dish^c ServingUtensil^c

Tabloid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tabloid`
Description	This ''Tabloid'' is the generic ''NewspaperSeries'' referred to nonspecifically, not an individual copy. The articles in ''Tabloid'' newspapers often are written for people with a lower level of education that are the full-size newspapers published in large cities. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tabloid' in WordNet: 2. tabloid, rag, sheet - (newspaper with half-size pages)`
Super-classes	NewspaperSeries^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkDailyNews

TabularOrderedGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TabularOrderedGroup`
Description	A ''TabularOrderedGroup'' is a Group that has he form of a 'table' with rows and columns, having the same number of entries in each row, `This is the defaut ordering for a 'table' or an image in a digital representation.`
Super-classes	OrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasOrderingRelation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TabularOrdered^c
Sub-classes	PixelImage^c

Tachometer^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tachometer

Description

A device for measuring rotational frequency (usually in rpm).

        Can be found on the dashboard of sports cars and other automobiles
           that have manual shift (to help indicate when gear shifting is desirable), and also some others.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tachometer' in WordNet:
          1. tachometer, tach - (measuring instrument for indicating speed of rotation)

Super-classes VehiclePart^c
ManufacturedGoods^c
Gauge^c
MeteringDevice^c

Taciturn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taciturn`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'taciturn' in Wordnet: 1. taciturn - (habitually reserved and uncommunicative)`
Super-classes	Restrained^c

Tack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tack`
Description	CYC: The collection of tacks. Tacks are basically short nails with broad heads. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tack' in WordNet: 2. tack - (a short nail with a sharp point and a large head)`
Super-classes	MarbleSizedObject^c Nail^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Short^c
Sub-classes	ThumbTack^c

Tackling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tackling`
Description	A ''Tackling'' is an ''Assault'' in which one person causes another (a ''Runner'') to fall to the ground by thrusting his/her own body at the target; often performed by hitting or grabbing the legs. If this is done by a Person outside of a game or of pursuit by some law enforcement agent, it would also be a subtpe of ''Assault''. CYC: The process of catching, immobilizing, and slamming to the ground some moving object (like Herschel Walker). This includes the 'tackling' performed in a Football game - not illegal and usually not thought of as an ''Assault''. The WN gloss suggests only a tackle in a Football game, but this type of action is also used to down a fleeing person,such as a crime suspect. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'tackle' in WordNet: 3. tackle - (seize and throw down an opponent player, who usually carries the ball)
Super-classes	AttackOnObject^c HaltingEvent^c HumanActivity^c HittingaPerson^c
Restrictions	finishes^op value Running^c hasSubEvent^op value ChasingSomething^c hasSubEvent^op value Grabbing^c hadObjectStruck^op value Runner^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Prostrate^c

Tacky^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tacky

Description

''Tacky'' is a qualitative attribute of a ''Sticky'' substance that coats some surface or part of a surface, that causes other solid objects to adhere when they touch the surface. This adjective is applied to the substance coating the surface or to the surface (or part) with that substance coating on it.

        This can describe the sticky part of a Post-It pad or of a
          pre-glued postage stamp that is sold in sheets affixed to a
          pastic coated surface from which the ''Tacky''stamp can be removed while keeping its
          tacky coating, or to other similar coated surfaces.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tacky' in Wordnet:
            1. tacky - ((of a glutinous liquid such as paint) not completely dried 
               and slightly sticky to the touch; "tacky varnish")

Super-classes Sticky^c

Taco^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taco`
Description	A ''Taco'' is a ''MexicanFoodObject'' that has some ''Filling'' held in a ''Tortilla''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'taco' in WordNet: 2. taco - (a tortilla rolled cupped around a filling)`
Super-classes	MexicanFoodObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Tortilla^c hasConstituentSubstance^op value TacoFilling^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value MexicanFood^c

TacoFilling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TacoFilling`
Description	A ''TacoFilling'' is substance that fills the cupped-up ''Tortilla'' in a '"Taco''
Super-classes	Filling^c Food^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op value Tortilla^c

Tact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tact`
Description	''Tact'' is the trait of someone who is careful to consider the needs and concerns and feelings of others, so as to avoid saying or doing something that might offend and to avoid causing concern or anger. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tact' in WordNet: 1. (2) tact, tactfulness - (consideration in dealing with others and avoiding giving offence)`
Super-classes	Considerateness^c
Sub-classes	Finesse^c

Tactful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tactful

Description

This ''Tactful'' characterizes Actions that aremotivated by and/or exhibit 'tact'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tactful' in Wordnet:
       1. tactful - (having or showing a sense of what is fitting
          and considerate in dealing with others; "she was tactful enough
          not to shatter his illusion"; "a tactful remark eased her embarrassment")

Super-classes Wise^c

Tactic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tactic`
Description	A ''Tactic'' is a ''Plan'' that involves some Actions that are not obviously necessary. It may be relatively simple and may be part of a larger ''Strategy''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tactic' in WordNet: 1. (4) tactic, tactics, maneuver, manoeuvre - (a plan for attaining a particular goal)`
Super-classes	Plan^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unobvious^c
Sub-classes	RhetoricalTactic^c

Tactical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tactical

Description

''Tactical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a 'Tactic'' or to 'tactics generally.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tactical' in Wordnet:
       1. tactical - (of or pertaining to tactic or tactics; 'a tactical error')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TacticalArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TacticalArea`
Description	CYC: A collection of area-like #$GeographicalThings. Each instance of #$TacticalArea is a geographcial area with tactical significance in the context of some (actual or hypothetical) military operations. As a rule, any particular #$TacticalArea should be asserted to be an instance of a specialization of this collection, such as #$RestrictiveFireArea or #$LandingZone. See also #$TacticalPoint and #$TacticalLine.
Super-classes	TacticalTerrainObject^c
Sub-classes	Obstacle^c CombatZone^c

TacticalTerrainObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TacticalTerrainObject`
Description	CYC: A collection of #$GeographicalThings. Each instance of #$TacticalTerrainObject is a geographically located object, specified and given tactical status in the context of some real or hypothetical military operations. #$TacticalTerrainObjects are generally named as part of the process of military planning. They may or may not correspond to recognizable features of the underlying terrain.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c HexalateralObject^c Place-NonAgent^c GeographicalThing^c PlaceWithMilitarySignificance^c
Sub-classes	TacticalArea^c

Tactile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tactile

Description

This ''Tactile'' is the PertainingAttributeValue. The second sense is quoted but not included here, needing additional classes to properly represent.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tactile' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) haptic, tactile, tactual - (of or relating to 
            or proceeding from the sense of touch; 'haptic data'; 'a tactile reflex')
        WN 2. tactile, tactual - (producing a sensation of touch; 'tactile qualities'; 
        WN    'the tactual luxury of stroking silky human hair')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TactileSensor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TactileSensor`
Description	A specialization of #$Sensor. Each instance of #$TactileSensor is a sensor that operates by coming into physical contact with the object being perceived. Instances of #$TactileSensor are usually capable of perceiving properties such as texture, hardness, and roughness.
Super-classes	Sensor^c
Restrictions	detects^op value SurfaceAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Skin^c

Tad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tad

Description

A ''Tad'' is a ''SmallAmount'' (a small ApproximateQuantity)

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tad' in WordNet:
          1. tad, shade - (a slight amount or degree of difference;
            "a tad too expensive"; "not a tad of difference"; "the new model is 
             a shade better than the old one")

Super-classes SmallAmount^c

Tadpole^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tadpole

Description

A frog or toad in the 'LarvalStage' of life.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tadpole' in WordNet:
       1. (1) tadpole, polliwog, pollywog - (a larval frog or toad)

Super-classes Amphibian^c
Larva^c

Tag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tag`
Description	CYC: ('Tag-IBO'): The collection of all tags. A tag is a small card-like thing or a 'sticker', usually attached to some other item with a string, or pasted on if the ''Tag'' has some adhesive on its back. . The purpose of a tag is to give a small amount of information about the thing it's attached to. `See 'Tagging'' for the action of using a ''Tag'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tag' in WordNet: 1. (4) tag - (a label made of cardboard or plastic or metal)`
Super-classes	HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c Card^c Paper-IBO^c PhysicalLabel^c
Restrictions	isaRequiredResourceFor^op value Tagging^c

TagYoureIt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TagYoureIt

Description

'''TagYoureIt'' is the //ChildsGame'' of'tag'. The one doing the chaser is 'it'.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tag' in WordNet:
         3. tag - (a game in which one child chases the others; 
          the one who is caught becomes the next chaser)

Super-classes ChildsGame^c

Tagging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tagging`
Description	''Tagging'' is a form of ''Labelling'' in which an Agent attaches a separate physical ''Tag'' to some PhysicalObject, by attaching it with a string or other fastening device. For the type of 'Labelling' that uses an adhesive material to put a tag on a surface of an object, use a combination of ''Labelling'' and ''Affixing'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tag' in WordNet: 1. (3) tag, label, mark - (attach a tag or label to; 'label these bottles')`
Super-classes	Labelling^c Attaching^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value Tag^c

Taiga^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taiga`
Description	A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. Each instance is characterized by extensive forestation, short, cool summers, and long, cold winters with heavy snowfall. Also known as boreal forests. Predominant trees are pine, larch, spruce, and fir. Source: The Times Atlas of the World (1995). `RHW: the coniferous evergreen forests of subarctic lands, covering vast areas of northern North America and Eurasia.`
Super-classes	EcologicalPlace^c GeographicalZone^c Tract^c Wilderness^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forested^c

Tail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tail`
Description	The appendage attached to the rear end of an animal. `In Cyc called 'Tail-BodyPart'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tail' in WordNet: 1. (6) tail - (the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body)`
Super-classes	Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c FlexibleObject^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op value Torso^c
Sub-classes	ShortTail^c CetaceanTail^c BirdTail^c

TailWagging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TailWagging`
Description	Each''TailWagging'' is a ''Wagging'' performed by a ''NonHumanAnimal'' (usually a Dog or Cat), in which the bodypart wagged is the ''Tail'' `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'wag' in WordNet: 1. (3) wag, waggle - (move from side to side; 'The happy dog wagged his tail')`
Super-classes	Wagging^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op value Tail^c

Tailgate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tailgate`
Description	Usually but not always on a ''PickupTruck''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tailgate' in WordNet: 1. (1) tailgate, tailboard - (a gate at the rear of a vehicle; can be lowered for loading)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Door^c RearPartOfAnObject^c MechanicalAutoPart^c
Restrictions	mayBeaBodyPartOf^op value PickupTruck^c

Tailor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tailor`
Description	A Person who produces objects of clothing as a profession. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tailor' in WordNet: 1. tailor, seamster, sartor - (a person whose occupation is making and altering garments)`
Super-classes	GarmentMaker^c ProfessionalPerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Tailoring^c

Tailoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tailoring`
Description	Each ''MakingSomethingBySewing'' is a ''MakingSomethingBySewing' in which several the 'something' is a ''Garment''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sew' in WordNet: 2. sew, tailor, tailor-make - (create (clothes) with cloth; 'Can the seamstress sew me a suit by next week?')`
Super-classes	MakingSomethingBySewing^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Garment^c

Tainting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tainting`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taint' in WordNet: 1. defile, sully, corrupt, taint, cloud - (place under suspicion or cast doubt upon; 'sully someone's reputation')`
Super-classes	DamagingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value ImprovementEvent^c

Taiwanese^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taiwanese

Description

''Taiwanese'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Taiwan'' or a ''TaiwanesePerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taiwanese' in WordNet:
        1. Taiwanese, Chinese, Formosan - (of or relating to or characteristic of 
             the island republic on Taiwan or its residents or their language; 
             "the Taiwanese capital is Taipeh")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TaiwanesePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaiwanesePerson`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Taiwanese' in Wordnet: 1. Taiwanese - (a native or inhabitant of Taiwan)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c Person^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taiwan^c

TakeOutFoodObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakeOutFoodObject

Description

A ''TakeOutFoodObject'' is a ''PreparedFood'' that is deleiverd in a form that can be taken from the food shop to eat elsewhere - outdoors or at home or at the office.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'takeout food' in WordNet:
          1. takeout, takeout food, takeaway - 
             (prepared food that is intended to be eaten off of the premises;
             'in England they call takeout food 'takeaway'')

Super-classes SolidFoodObject^c
PreparedFood^c
Food-ReadyToEat^c
SmallObject^c

Taken^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taken`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'taken' in Wordnet: 2. taken - (having possession gained especially by force or effort)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

TakeoutFood^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakeoutFood

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'takeout food' in WordNet:
          1. takeout, takeout food, takeaway - (prepared food that is intended 
            to be eaten off of the premises; "in England they call takeout food `takeaway'")

Super-classes ConvenienceFood^c

Taker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taker`
Description	A ''Taker'' is a Person that performs a ''TakingSomething'' Action, which could be the receiving side of a ''Buying'' Action. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'taker' in WordNet: 1. taker - (one who accepts an offer)`
Super-classes	Person^c Customer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some TakingSomething^c
Sub-classes	BetTaker^c

TakingAStep^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingAStep

Description

COSMO note: taking one step can be performed by any animal with legs, including millpedes. Each TakingAStep can be forward or backward, very slow, normal pace, or fast as in running.

     Cyc: The act of raising a foot, moving it forwards
        (backwards in some cases) and placing it down again.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'footstep' in WordNet:
        2. (4) footstep - (the act of taking a step in walking)

Super-classes BodyMovementEvent^c

TakingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingAction`
Description	''TakingAction'' is an ''Action'' in which some agent starts to perform some Action that addresses some existing need or desire, but not yet performed. This is very general `This differs from subtype ''StartingAnAction'' in that this can be a complete Action in itself, not just the starting part of a longer Action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'start' in WordNet: 2. (45) begin, lead off, start, commence - (set in motion, cause to start; 'The U.S. started a war in the Middle East'; 'The Iraqis began hostilities'; 'begin a new chapter in your life')`
Super-classes	TakingAnAction^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Inaction^c agentHasAttribute^op value Initiative^c
Sub-classes	StartingAnAction^c DaringToDoSomething^c

TakingAfterSomeone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingAfterSomeone

Description

''TakingAfterSomeone'' is an ''Imitating'' of some part of a Person's behavior that the imitator admires.

        Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'take after' in WordNet:
         2. take after, follow - (imitate in behavior; take as a model;
             'Teenagers follow their friends in everything')
        WN noun 'emulation':
          1. emulation - (ambition to equal or excel)
          3. emulation - (effort to equal or surpass another)
       WN verb 'emulate':
          1. (2) emulate - (strive to equal or match, especially by imitating;
             'He is emulating the skating skills of his older sister')

Super-classes Imitating^c

TakingAnAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingAnAction`
Description	''TakingAction'' represents the sense of 'take' representing the Action a Person does when s/he 'takes' some ''HumanActivity''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'take' in WordNet: 1. (92) take - (carry out; 'take action'; 'take steps'; 'take vengeance')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some ActionType^c
Sub-classes	TakingAction^c TakingAnExam^c

TakingAnAverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingAnAverage`
Description	The act of dividing a sum by the count of the numbers summed - getting an arithmetic mean. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'average' in WordNet: 3. (1) average, average out - (compute the average of)`
Super-classes	DoingAnArithmeticOperation^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Average^c

TakingAnExam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingAnExam`
Description	''TakingAnExam'' is that part of an ''Examining'' in which the person who is being examined answers questions or performs tasks to demonstrate her/his degree of skill.
Super-classes	Undergoing^c TakingAnAction^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value TestOfSkill^c hasDirectObject^op value TestOfSkill^c isPerformedBy^op some Person^c

TakingAnOath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingAnOath`
Description	Swearing an oath, a solemn commitment that one swears is true. This Action creates an Oath, which is a LinguisticAssertion (some string of abstract words). It can be done orally or in writing. `Includes sense 1,2, and 3 of 'swear' in RHW: 1. to make a solemn declaration or affirmation by some sacred being or object, as a deity or the Bible. 2. to bind oneself by oath. 3. to give evidence or make a statement on oath. Includes senses 2,and 3 of 'swear' in WordNet: 2. (8) affirm, verify, assert, avow, aver, swan, swear - (to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; 'Before God I swear I am innocent') 3. (2) swear - (promise solemnly; take an oath)`
Super-classes	StatingSomething^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Consequential^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Solemn^c causedCreationOf^op some Obligation^c causedCreationOf^op some Oath^c
Sub-classes	Deposing^c

TakingAnX-Ray^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingAnX-Ray`
Description	''TakingAnX-Ray'' is to create an ''XRayImage'' in some form using an 'XRayPhotographicDevice'. `Includes senses 1 and2 of 'x-ray' in WordNet: 1. x-ray - (examine by taking x-rays) 2. x-ray - (take an x-ray of something or somebody; 'The doctor x-rayed my chest')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c VisualImageRecording^c
Restrictions	produced^op value XRayImage^c

TakingCareOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingCareOfSomething`
Description	Any of variety of ''Action''s in which some agent acts purposefully so as to deal with or handle some situation that needs attention. NOTE that this COSMO usage seems slightly broader than the CYC documentation (below), as this does not necessarily promote 'health' or 'good condition' of an object. The difference from the more general 'PurposefulPhysicalAction' is that an agent intentionally assumes responsibility to take care of some job that needs doing - but this has not yet (r977) been formalize in axioms. This includes managing operations. NOTE that the restrition specifies that the Objecttended is a PhysicalObject. If this type is used for 'taking care of' an ''Organization'', that would have to include abstract objects, and the 'Physical' part of the restriction should be deleted. For 'maintenance', keeping something in working order, use ''MaintainingAnObject''. Linguistically expressed as 'take care of'; deal with', 'attend to'; see to'; 'care for'; 'maintain' is the subtype ''MaintainingAnObject''), and others. CYC: A specialization of #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$TakingCareOfSomething is a purposeful action in which an agent acts to maintain, preserve, or promote the health or good condition of someone or something (the thing taken care of is related to the action via the predicate #$objectTakenCareOf (q.v.)). Notable specializations of #$TakingCareOfSomething include #$Exercising, #$MedicalTreatmentEvent, and #$TeethCleaning. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'tend' and part of sense 2 'manage' and verb sense 1 of 'handle' and verb senses 2 and 4 of 'care' and verb senses 2, 4, and 7 of 'deal'; also includes verb sense 2 of 'attend' (attend to, take care of), and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'take care' and verb sense 3 of 'TakingCareOfSomething' in WordNet: WN verb 'tend': 2. (3) tend - (have care of or look after; She tends to the children) 3. (1) tend - (manage or run; tend a store) WN 'manage': 2. (5) manage, deal, care, handle - (be in charge of, act on, or dispose of; 'I can deal with this crew of workers'; 'This blender can't handle nuts'; 'She managed her parents' affairs after they got too old') WN verb 'care': 2. (9) care, give care - (provide care for; 'The nurse was caring for the wounded') 4. (4) manage, deal, care, handle - (be in charge of, act on, or dispose of; 'I can deal with this crew of workers'; 'This blender can't handle nuts'; 'She managed her parents' affairs after they got too old') WN verb 'attend': 2. (2) attend, take care, look, see - (take charge of or deal with; 'Could you see about lunch?'; 'I must attend to this matter'; 'She took care of this business') WN verb 'take care': 2. (8) take care, mind - (be in charge of or deal with; 'She takes care of all the necessary arrangements') 3. (6) attend, take care, look, see - (take charge of or deal with; 'Could you see about lunch?'; 'I must attend to this matter'; 'She took care of this business') WN verb 'deal': 2. (16) deal - (take action with respect to (someone or something); How are we going to deal with this problem?; The teacher knew how to deal with these lazy students) 7. (3) manage, deal, care, handle - (be in charge of, act on, or dispose of; I can deal with this crew of workers; This blender can't handle nuts; She managed her parents' affairs after they got too old) WN noun 'tending': 1. (1) care, attention, aid, tending - (the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something; 'no medical care was required'; 'the old car needs constant attention')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTended^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Remodeling^c RaisingAnimals^c Pampering^c AgricultureOrHusbandry^c GuardingProperty^c Vaccinating^c FeedingAnOrganism^c PruningaPlant^c StokingaFire^c Mothering^c CopingWithaSituation^c RaisingCrops^c HostingGuests^c Weeding^c VeterinaryCareEvent^c TakingCareOfaPerson^c ConfrontingaSituation^c HealthCareEvent^c EnforcingRules^c MaintainingHealth^c RaisingChildren^c PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c PersonalGrooming^c AnimalHusbandry^c MaintainingAnObject^c Monitoring^c HoldingAnEvent^c ManagementEvent^c TendingBar^c

TakingCareOfSomethingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingCareOfSomethingProcess`
Description	COSMO note: the process corresponding to a TakingCareOfSomething. In Cyc no distinction is made in the hierarchy between Event and Process. `NOTE: the LDOCE and WordNet mappings are to 'TakingCareOfSomething'. Cyc: A specialization of #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$TakingCareOfSomething is a purposeful action in which an agent acts to maintain, preserve, or promote the health or good condition of someone or something (the thing taken care of is related to the action via the predicate #$objectTakenCareOf (q.v.)). Notable specializations of #$TakingCareOfSomething include #$Exercising, #$MedicalTreatmentEvent, and #$TeethCleaning.`
Super-classes	FunctionalProcess^c
Sub-classes	ExercisingProcess^c RepairingProcess^c

TakingCareOfaChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingCareOfaChild`
Description	CYC 'ChildcareService' - approximately. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'child care' in WordNet: 1. (1) childcare, child care - (a service involving care for other people's children)`
Super-classes	TakingCareOfaPerson^c ServiceEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value ChildcareWorker^c hasSubEvent^op value GuardingaChild^c hadBeneficiary^op some Child^c
Sub-classes	BabySitting^c DayCare^c

TakingCareOfaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingCareOfaPerson`
Description	''TakingCareOfaPerson'' is the generic 'caregiving' where the beneficiary taken care of is a ''Person'' - typically one who cannot take care of his/herself (a child or dependent adult).
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Caregiver^c hadBeneficiary^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	TakingCareOfaChild^c

TakingIntoConsideration^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingIntoConsideration

Description

''TakingIntoConsideration'' is to include some 'factor' in making a decision.

    Corresponds to  Sense 4 of 'consider'  in WordNet:
    4. (27) consider, count, weigh - (show consideration for; take into account;
        'You must consider her age'; 'The judge considered the offender's youth 
         and was lenient')

Super-classes ThinkingAboutSomething^c

TakingOnesTurn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingOnesTurn`
Description	This ''TakingOnesTurn'' is specifically for that part of a ''GameEvent'' in which one Player performs some action at a point in a specified "ReiterativeActionSeries" in the game, where a previous player has completed her/his allowed action. This is usually performed in competitive games like Chess, Bridge, and other card games. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'turn' in WordNet: 3. (4) turn, play - ((game) the activity of doing something in an agreed succession; 'it is my turn'; 'it is still my play')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value Turn^c isaSubEventOf^op some ReiterativeGameEvent^c

TakingPossessionOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingPossessionOfSomething`
Description	''TakingPossessionOfSomething'' is a broad class of Actions in which an Agent (Personof Organization) acquires posession and control possibly temporary) of something, physical or abstract (as a right or quantity of money). This can be due to any number of reasons, and for any purpose, and may be for the use of the agent gaining possession or for some other agent (as in collecting taxes or fees). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'take' in WordNet: 8. (28) take - (take into one's possession; 'We are taking an orphan from Romania'; 'I'll take three salmon steaks')`
Super-classes	Obtaining^c Receiving^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	AppropriatingProperty^c PreemptiveAcquisition^c ReceivingAnObject^c CollectingMoney^c SeizingWhileInTransit^c

TakingRisks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingRisks`
Description	COSMO note: ''TakingRisks'' includes ''Gambling'' (wagering) as a subtype and also risking something valuable in any situation that does not typically result in physical harm to a participant, such as war or fighting or daredevil feats. ''TakingRisks'' is Knowingly performing a RiskyAction in the hope of achieving some gain - this is not just gambling money. This is the general sense including intransitive usage: 'he gambled with his savings'. The transitive sense in which the thing risked is explicitly mentioned is the subtype'RiskingSomething'. Cyc: The collection of acts of playing a #$GameEvent for money or property, or wagering on any uncertain outcome. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gamble' and verb sense 2 of 'risk' in Wordnet in WordNet: 2. (2) gamble, chance, risk, hazard, take chances, adventure, run a risk, take a chance - (take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; 'When you buy these stocks you are gambling')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c RiskingSomething^c ConflictEvent^c
Sub-classes	Gambling^c

TakingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingSomething`
Description	This is for someone gaining possession by taking something; for 'taking something away' use ''TakingSomethingAway''. This is the most general sense of 'taking' and does not necessarily require that the thing 'taken' is a ''PhysicalObject'' - it could be a right or something elses abstract (a name, an honor, etc.). `NOTE: the WN gloss includes 'by force' as part of the meaning, but this type does not require force in the commision of the ''TakingSomething''. It is only necessary that the thing taken had been in the possession of some other agent(s), who did not want the thing to be taken. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 21 of 'take' in WordNet: 21. (13) take - (take by force; 'Hitler took the Baltic Republics'; 'The army took the fort on the hill')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c GainingControl^c Obtaining^c GainingUserRights^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Taker^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Taken^c isUndesirableTo^op some IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	TakingSomethingPhysical^c Colonization^c ConqueringaTerritory^c

TakingSomethingAway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingSomethingAway`
Description	Each ''TakingSomethingAway'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' Event in which an Agent loads something at a location and carries it to another location; this starts a ''Carrying'' event. NOTE That an instance of this type may or may not also be a ''TakingSomething'' depending on whether the agent doing the taking intends to keep the thing taken. Includes parts of verb senses 1, 2, and 4 (the physical carrying) of 'take away' in Wordnet: 1. (5) take away, bear off, bear away, carry away, carry off - (remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state; 'Their dreams carried the Romantics away into distant lands'; 'The car carried us off to the meeting'; 'I'll take you away on a holiday'; 'I got carried away when I saw the dead man and I started to cry') 3. (4) take away, take out - (take out or remove; 'take out the chicken after adding the vegetables') 4. (2) take away - (take from a person or place; 'We took the abused child away from its parents')
Super-classes	Carrying^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value Carrying^c
Sub-classes	Stealing^c Divesting^c HaulingTrash^c GatheringFromPeople^c

TakingSomethingOff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingSomethingOff`
Description	''TakingSomethingOff'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' where a solid object supported by another Object is removed from the supporting object. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'take off' in WordNet: 2. (6) take off - (take away or remove; 'Take that weight off me!')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	DischargingPassengers^c UnloadingSomethingFromaVehicle^c Undressing^c

TakingSomethingPhysical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingSomethingPhysical`
Description	This is for someone gaining possession by taking something; for 'taking something away' use ''TakingSomethingAway''. This requires that the thing 'taken' is a ''PhysicalObject''. CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$GainingUserRights. In an instance of #$TakingSomething, an #$Agent takes an object, in the sense of taking it away or using or exercising access to it. The agent may or may not have any legal right or authorization to use that object. In an instance of #$TakingSomething, the taker (the #$toPossessor) must intend and actively (attempt to) acquire the #$objectTaken, so the taking event is intentional and thus, strictly speaking, #$performedBy the taker. Includes but is broader than (e.g. taking a territory) verb sense 4 of 'take' in WordNet: 4. (52) take, get hold of - (get into one's hands, take physically; 'Take a cookie!'; 'Can you take this bag, please')
Super-classes	TakingSomething^c
Sub-classes	TakingaSample^c RepossessingSomething^c GrabbingOntoWithHand^c

TakingTurns^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingTurns`
Description	'TakingTurns'' is a ''ReiterativeActionSeries'' in which one Agent performs an Action (''TakingOnesTurn''), which is followed by a second Agent who performs a similar kind of Action, followed (directly or after intervening Actions by other agent(s)) by the first Agent performing an Action, and in which other agents may also perform actions, each following a specific agent and preceding a specific agent, in a defined order of succession, until the actions cycle back to the first agent, when that series repeats, until some endpoint is reached. This is the manner in which many competition games are designed,such as 'chess' or card games. `This orderly series of Actions can only be performed by People or other trained ''IntelligentAgent''s Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'take turns' in WordNet: 1. (2) alternate, take turns - (do something in turns; 'We take turns on the night shift')`
Super-classes	ReiterativeActionSeries^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op min 2 hasSubEvent^op value TakingOnesTurn^c

TakingUpTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingUpTime`
Description	''TakingUpTime'' is a SubEvent of some Action in which some quantity of Time is used up (or would be used up, for prospective Actions). `Use this to express 'how long will that take?':: X causes - TakingUpTime (instance) Corresponds to part (for Time) verb sense 2 of 'take' in WordNet: 2. (75) take, occupy, use up - (require (time or space); 'It took three hours to get to work this morning'; 'This event occupied a very short time')`
Super-classes	ConsumingSomething^c
Restrictions	consumes^op value TimeDuration^c isaSubEventOf^op value Action^c
Sub-classes	TakingaLotOfTime^c

TakingaCourse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingaCourse`
Description	A Person who is ''TakingaCourse'' is one formally enrolled in some ''CourseOfInstruction'' at ''EducationalOrganization''. This is ususally done at a ''"SchoolBuilding'' but may be physically located in some off-campus site. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'take' in WordNet: 25. (6) learn, study, read, take - (be a student of a certain subject; 'She is reading for the bar exam')`
Super-classes	Participation^c BeingaStudent^c BeingPresent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value AttendingaClass^c isPerformedBy^op value Student^c occursAt^op value EducationalOrganization^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value CourseOfInstruction^c
Sub-classes	AttendingTheSameClass^c

TakingaLotOfTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingaLotOfTime`
Description	''TakingaLotOfTime'' is a ''TakingUpTime'' that co-occurs with some Action that consumes more time than some reference ''HumanActivity'', of the same or of a different type of ''HumanActivity''.
Super-classes	TakingUpTime^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value HumanActivity^c requiresResource^op value Patience^c occursDuring^op value HumanActivity^c

TakingaPhotograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingaPhotograph`
Description	A specialization of #$VisualImageRecording. Each instance of #$TakingaPhotograph is an event in which a single still #$VisualImage is recorded using a #$StillCamera. Notable specializations include #$TakingAPhotograph-DigitalCamera and #$TakingAPhotograph-FilmCamera. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'photograph' in WordNet, but is broader, including taking a digital photograph: in WordNet: 1. (9) photograph, snap, shoot - (record on photographic film; 'I photographed the scene of the accident'; 'She snapped a picture of the President')`
Super-classes	VisualImageRecording^c VisualArtActivity^c ExposingToLight^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (CapturedImage^c or Photograph^c)

TakingaSample^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingaSample`
Description	''TakingaSample'' is an Action taken with the intention of gaining control of a sample (''SampleOfSubstance'' or ''StatisticalSample''), usually so as to gain some information about the 'whole' from which the sample was taken. The WordNet verb 'sample' focuses on taking a taste as a method of sampling, but that is only a small part of this broader sense. `Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'sample' in WordNet - the sample can be of any type,not just a taste.: in WordNet: 1. (7) sample, try, try out, taste - (take a sample of; 'Try these new crackers'; 'Sample the regional dishes')`
Super-classes	TakingSomethingPhysical^c
Restrictions	produces^op some (StatisticalSample^c or SampleOfSubstance^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Tasting^c

TakingaTrip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TakingaTrip`
Description	'TakingaTrip' is the type including all Actions in which one or more people go, by any means of conveyance, including walking, from a base point (typically but not necessarily their home) to some other location, for any purpose. This includes one-way and round-trip traveling, and can be as short range as 'taking a trip' to the grocery store on foot, or visiting a next-door neighbor's house. More extended journeys are represented by 'Travel-TripEvent'; for travel outside one's town or overnight, that type should be used. Includes verb sense 1 of 'journey' and noun sense 1 of 'journey' in WordNet, and noun sense 1 of 'travel', and noun sense 1 of 'trip', and includes verb senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'travel' in WordNet. Verb sense 5 of 'travel' in WordNet is the more general sense that can include any kind of intentional translocation of a person from place to place. in WordNet: WN 'journey' noun: 1. (17) journey, journeying - (the act of traveling from one place to another) WN 'journey' verb: 1. (1) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) WN 'travel' noun: 1. (7) travel, traveling, travelling - (the act of going from one place to another; 'he enjoyed selling but he hated the travel') WN 'travel' verb: 2. (9) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) 3. (3) travel, trip, jaunt - (make a trip for pleasure) 6. travel, move around - (travel from place to place, as for the purpose of finding work, preaching, or acting as a judge) WN The more general 'travel' is included, as a parent type: 5. (1) travel - (undergo transportation as in a vehicle; 'We travelled North on Rte. 508') WN 'trip' noun: 1. (659) trip - (a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); 'he took a trip to the shopping center')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c GoingSomewhere^c HumanActivity^c
Sub-classes	RunningAnErrand^c Visiting^c AccompanyingOnaTrip^c Travel-TripEvent^c

Talc^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Talc

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'talc' in WordNet:
         1. talc, talcum - (a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel 
            and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in 
            a variety of products including talcum powder)

Super-classes Mineral^c

Tale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tale

Description

n COSMO a ''Tale'' is a ''Narrative'' (an ''AbstractText'') that is not asserted to be fictional (for that use ''FictionalStory'') but is not presented in a manner of a authoritative non-fictional work. It may be true, and may not. This is usually for short ''Story''s that are narrated orally.

        For ''Tale''s that are so incredible they must be  fictional use subtype  ''TallTale''.
        'Tales From the Whte Hart' - book by Arthur Clarke

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tale' in WordNet:
             1. (26) narrative, narration, story, tale - (a message that tells the
              particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in
              writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program; 
              'his narrative was interesting'; 'Disney's stories entertain adults as well as children')

Super-classes Narrative^c

Talent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Talent`
Description	''Talent' is a higher and more conspicuous degree of''Aptitude'' that makes an agent stand out for having that ability. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'talent' in WordNet: 1. (14) endowment, gift, talent, natural endowment - (natural abilities or qualities)`
Super-classes	Aptitude^c
Sub-classes	Knack^c Giftedness^c

Talented^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Talented`
Description	'Talented' is the attribute of someone who has a significantly higher than average ability to perform some tasks,which may be mental or physical, and which require more than just physical strength. `NOTE that in COSMO 'gifted' is considered as a higher level of ability than 'talented' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'talented' in WordNet: 1. talented, gifted - (endowed with talent or talents; 'a gifted writer')`
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c
Sub-classes	Gifted^c

Taliban^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taliban`
Description	The ''Taliban'' is a ''ReligiousMovement'' that is working to achieve political power in Afghanistan by military force. It is a ''ParamilitaryOrganization'', some types of which coordinate with a government or government forces. but the Taliban started without any association with a government, and took up governing activities after seizing territory in Afghanistan. This might be considered as an instance of ''ReligiousMovement'', but has some variations and is here represented as an owl:Class. `NOTE:WN does not distinguish between the 'Taliban' as a religious group and the Taliban fighting forces. This type represents the religious movement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taliban' in WordNet: 1. Taliban, Taleban - (a fundamentalist Islamic militia; in 1995 the Taliban militia took over Afghanistan and in 1996 took Kabul and set up an Islamic government; 'the Taliban enforced a strict Muslim code of behavior')`
Super-classes	ReligiousMovement^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Islamic^c inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afghanistan^c

TalibanMilitia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TalibanMilitia`
Description	The ''TalibanMilitia'' is a ''ParamilitaryOrganizationt'' that is the fighting arm of the ''Taliban'' religious movement in Afghanistan. `NOTE:WN does not distinguish between the 'Taliban' as a religious group and the Taliban fighting forces. This type represents the fighting forces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taliban' in WordNet: 1. Taliban, Taleban - (a fundamentalist Islamic militia; in 1995 the Taliban militia took over Afghanistan and in 1996 took Kabul and set up an Islamic government; 'the Taliban enforced a strict Muslim code of behavior')`
Super-classes	ParamilitaryOrganization^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Afghanistan^c

Talkative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Talkative`
Description	''Talkative'' is an AttributeValue of a person who talks more than is appropriate or welcome, often habitually `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'talkative' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chatty, gabby, garrulous, loquacious, talkative, talky - (full of trivial conversation; "kept from her housework by gabby neighbors")`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Loudmouthed^c

Talking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Talking`
Description	CYC: A collection of actions. Each instance of #$Talking is an action in which somebody (often by #$Speaking) creates a meaningful phrase. #$Talking is often a subevent in various #$Communicating events. Note that not all instances of #$Talking involve #$Speaking, since sometimes people can talk using some non-oral language, e.g., #$AmericanSignLanguage. #$Talking, however, is disjoint with #$Writing. This type includes sign language, therefore does not always produce ''Speech'' sounds.. For oral speaking, use 'Speaking'. NOTE that cyc does not restrict 'Talking' to humans. For Human talking orally, see 'Speaking'. Corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'talk' in WordNet; NOTE that WordNet does not explicitly indicate whether sign language is included, but this type does include sign language. : in WordNet: 1. (109) talk, speak - (exchange thoughts ; talk with; 'We often talk business'; 'Actions talk louder than words')
Super-classes	PerceivableHumanAction^c UsingALanguage^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Speech^c
Sub-classes	Speaking^c SpokenCommunicating^c Gossipping^c

Tall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tall`
Description	An AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that have a vertical extension greater than is typical for objects of that type. The objects can be stationary or mobile (such as people). Thisis a relative attribute, interpreted in the context of the typical corresponding attribute of a typical example of that type. `For fixed objects like mountains or buildings, use ''High''. When used for people, the opposite is 'short'; for stationary objects, it would be 'low'. But 'Short' in COSMO is an attribute of Length. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tall' in WordNet: 1. (74) tall - (great in vertical dimension; high in stature; 'tall people'; 'tall buildings'; 'tall trees'; 'tall ships')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	High-Rise^c

TallBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TallBuilding`
Description	A ''TallBuilding'' is a ''Building'' that is at least six storeys tall and has an ''Elevator''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high-rise' in WordNet: 1. high-rise, tower block - (tower consisting of a multistoried building of offices or apartments; "`tower block' is the British term for `high-rise' ")
Super-classes	MultiStoreyBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Elevator^c hasSpatialPart^op value Storey^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value High-Rise^c
Sub-classes	Skyscraper^c

Taller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taller`
Description	An AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that have a vertical extension that is greater - in comparison to some other object or the same Object at a prior or later time. The Object with this attribute is not necessarily ''Tall' if it is only ''Taller'' than some Object that is ''Short''.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Talon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Talon`
Description	The sharp claws possessed by birds of prey. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'talon' in WordNet: 1. talon - (a sharp hooked claw especially on a bird of prey)`
Super-classes	BirdClaw^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value BirdOfPrey^c
Sub-classes	LongTalon^c

Talus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Talus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'talus' in WordNet: 2. anklebone, astragal, astragalus, talus - (the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint)`
Super-classes	LegBone^c

Tambourine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tambourine`
Description	small hand held drum with metal disks in the sides. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tambourine' in WordNet: 1. tambourine - (a shallow drum with a single drumhead and with metallic disks in the sides)`
Super-classes	HandHeldObject^c DrumInstrument^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 1 hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c

TameAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TameAnimal`
Description	A specialization of #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of #$TameAnimal is a non-human animal that is generally not afraid of humans (so that it will generally not flee when humans approach it, but that is not a necessary criterion as many tam eanimals are afraid of unfamiliar people), and which will generally not attack humans. An important specialization of #$TameAnimal is #$DomesticatedAnimal.
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c AnimalRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tamed^c
Sub-classes	DomesticatedAnimal^c

Tamed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tamed

Description

A property of animals meaning that they have been dometicated or tamed - and are docile in the presence of people.

       Corresponds to part of adjective sense 3 of 'tame' in WordNet,
          pertaining to animals, not to plants:
       in WordNet:
         3. tame, tamed - (brought from wildness into a domesticated state;
           'tame animals'; 'fields of tame blueberries')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

TamperingWithSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TamperingWithSomething`
Description	''TamperingWithaDevice'' is an Action performed by a Person who is not the authorized or usual manager or controller of that Object. This Action may be performed for any reason and may have a deleterious effect or no effect, but the term is usually used for Actions that cause some effect not wanted by the owner or authorized controller of that Object. The Object may be a Device or a Document or collection of documents, and the tampering may be temporary, as when someone changes a setting one Device to see what the effects are, and then returns the Device to its original setting. 'fiddled with the controls'; 'tampered with the records' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tamper' in WordNet: 1. (1) tamper, fiddle, monkey - (play around with or alter or falsify, usually secretively or dishonestly; 'Someone tampered with the documents on my desk'; 'The reporter fiddle with the facts')`
Super-classes	HandlingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unauthorized^c

Tan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tan

Description

The color tan.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tan' in WordNet:
         2. (1) tan, topaz - (a light brown the color of topaz)
        WN adj 'tan'
          1. tan - (of a light yellowish-brown color)

Super-classes Brownish^c

Tandem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tandem`
Description	''Tandem'' is an ''Alignment'' of objects that are in a straight line, with some Event (e.g. motion) or property permitting the assignment of a 'front and 'back' for objects in that line. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tandem' in WordNet: 1. tandem - (an arrangement of two or more objects or persons one behind another)`
Super-classes	Alignment^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value SolidObject^c

Tangible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tangible

Description

''Tangible'' is an Attribute of a PhysicalObject that can be perceived by the human sense of touch - by touching. This requires that it be larger than a MicroscopicObject if solid. But the flow of a current of water or wind can also be felt.

   NOTE: logical implication is the requirement of the use of the sense of touch - for @FOL version.


   NOTE: for the other part of sense 4 (not referring to the sense of touch,but
      to ideas or distinctions) use ''Palpable''.

    Includes adjective senses 1 and part of sense 4 of 'tangible' 
       and sense 2  of'palpable' in WordNet:
      1. (1) tangible, touchable - (perceptible by the senses especially the sense of touch; 
         'skin with a tangible roughness')
      4. palpable, tangible - (capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind; 
          especially capable of being handled or touched or felt; 
          'a barely palpable dust'; 'felt sudden anger in a palpable wave';
          'the air was warm and close-palpable as cotton')
     WN adj 'palpable':
        2. palpable - (can be felt by palpation; 'a palpable tumor')

Super-classes Perceivable^c

Tangle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tangle`
Description	A ''Tangle'' is a Group of one or more ''CordlikeObject''s that have been intertwined in such a way that pulling on one thread moves the entire ''Tangle''. This can be part of a single ''CordlikeObject'' or more than one ''CordlikeObject'' intertwined with each other. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tangle' in WordNet: 1. (2) tangle - (a twisted and tangled mass that is highly interwoven; 'they carved their way through the tangle of vines')`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tangled^c hasComponentElement^op value CordlikeObject^c

Tangled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tangled`
Description	' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tangled' in Wordnet: 1. (5) tangled - (in a confused mass; 'pushed back her tangled hair'; 'the tangled ropes')
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Matted^c

TanglingCords^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TanglingCords`
Description	''TanglingCords'' is an Event (possibly natural, as in a jungle, or unintentional, as with ''Hair'') in which ''a Group of one or more ''CordlikeObject''s become entangled, creating a ''Tangle''. The ''''Tangle'' produced is not a simple linear object as is the product of an ''Intertwining'', so this is not a subtype of ''Intertwining''. `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'tangle' in WordNet: 4. entangle, tangle, mat, snarl - (twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; 'The child entangled the cord')`
Super-classes	Motion^c Twisting^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Tangle^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Tangled^c hadObjectModified^op value CordlikeObject^c

Tangoing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tangoing`
Description	''Tangoing'' is a form of ''BallroomDancing'' involving two partners, originating in ''SouthAmerica''. The noun 'tango' is here considered as synonymous with the action. `This is a dance for two people: 'it takes two to tango'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tango' in WordNet: 1. (2) tango - (a ballroom dance of Latin-American origin) WN verb 'tango': 1. tango - (dance a tango)`
Super-classes	BallroomDancing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value CoupleOfPeople^c hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SouthAmericaRegion^c

Tank^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tank

Description

A heavily armored military device running on treads, with a cannon attached.

        CYC ('Tank-Vehicle'): #$Tank-Vehicle is a specialization of
        #$TrackedVehicle-Armored, #$WeaponSystem, and
        #$ProjectileLauncher-Direct.  Each instance of
        #$Tank-Vehicle is an armored vehicle designed for military
        purposes, with mounted guns, heavy armor, and tracked wheels.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tank' in WordNet:
             1. (7) tank, army tank, armored combat vehicle, armoured combat vehicle - 
                (an enclosed armored military vehicle; has a cannon and moves on caterpillar treads)

Super-classes ArmoredVehicle-Heavy^c
TrackedVehicle^c
WeaponSystem^c

TankTop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TankTop`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tank top' in WordNet: 1. tank top - (a tight-fitting sleeveless shirt with wide shoulder straps and low neck and no front opening; often worn over a shirt or blouse)`
Super-classes	ShortSleeveShirt^c

Tanning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tanning`
Description	''Tanning'' is an Event in which some object goes from colorless or a very light near-white color to a ''Tan'' color. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'tan' in WordNet: 2. tan, bronze - (get a tan, from wind or sun)`
Super-classes	CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Tan^c
Sub-classes	TanningSkin^c

TanningHides^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TanningHides`
Description	''TanningHides'' is an Action in which some ''Hide-BodyPart'' is treated to produce ''Leather''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tan' in WordNet: 1. tan - (treat skins and hides with tannic acid so as to convert them into leather) WN noun 'tanning': 3. tanning - (making leather from rawhide)`
Super-classes	Altering^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Leather^c hadThingAffected^op value Hide-BodyPart^c

TanningSkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TanningSkin`
Description	''Tanning'' is an Event in which some object goes from colorless or a very light near-white color to a ''Tan'' color. `NOTE: this is not the ''TanningHides'' which is a form of preservation. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'tan' in WordNet: 2. tan, bronze - (get a tan, from wind or sun) WN noun 'tanning': 1. tanning - (process in which skin pigmentation darkens as a result of exposure to ultraviolet light)`
Super-classes	Tanning^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Skin^c

Tantalizing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tantalizing

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tantalizing' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) tantalizing, tantalising - (arousing desire or expectation for something 
           unattainable or mockingly out of reach; 'a tantalizing taste of success')

Super-classes Tempting^c

TantalizingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TantalizingAction`
Description	This ''TantalizingAction'' is distinguished from the parent 'Tempting' in that this is a PurposefulAction by a Person causing a persisting ''Temptation'' to another Person, but withdawing the tempting thing before the person tempted can take it. This sense of 'tantalize' is not in Wordnet except as a small part of the 'tease' synset. RHW: to torment with, or as if with, the sight of something desired but out of reach; tease by arousing expectations that are repeatedly disappointed. Corresponds to only part (for 'tantalize') of noun sense 1 of 'tantalize' in WordNet: 1. (1) tease, razz, rag, cod, tantalize, tantalise, bait, taunt, twit, rally, ride - (harass with persistent criticism or carping; 'The children teased the new teacher'; 'Don't ride me so hard over my failure'; 'His fellow workers razzed him when he wore a jacket and tie')
Super-classes	Teasing^c TemptingEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Person^c

Tantalum^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tantalum

Description

The element Tantalum, atomic number 73.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tantalum' in WordNet:
         1. tantalum, Ta, atomic number 73 - (a hard grey lustrous metallic element
             that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite 
             and fergusonite and tantalite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Tap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tap`
Description	Each 'Tap' is a 'Valve' that is open on one end and connected to a supply of Fluid on the other end. Unlike a ''Faucet'', a ''Tap'' must be connected to a person-sized liquid container, such as a beer keg or wine cask. The ''Tap'' may be in the side of the cask, near the bottom, or at the top, connected to a pipe that extends to the bottom of a keg, as in a common beer keg. Such a container can hold water, as in large water-delivery trucks. `Includes noun senses 2 and 6 of 'tap' in Wordnet: 2. (1) water faucet, water tap, tap, hydrant - (a faucet for drawing water from a pipe or cask) 6. tap, spigot - (a plug for a bunghole in a cask)`
Super-classes	Valve^c UsefulSource^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op some FluidType^c
Sub-classes	WaterTap^c

TapWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TapWater`
Description	Water that comes from a tap. The specific Tap doesn't have to be specified. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tap water' in WordNet: 1. tap water - (water directly from the spigot)`
Super-classes	Water-Fresh^c Water^c
Restrictions	hasSource^op value WaterTap^c

Tape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tape`
Description	Each instance of Tape is a piece of Tape - an Object, not a Substance. This can be made of plastic or paper, but not only of cloth, though it may have a cloth reinforcing component. This parent type includes non-adhesive tape; the adhesive type is subtype''AdhesiveTape''. This includes magnetic tape and the old-fashioned paper tape used in computers,so it is not only for 'fastening'. Cyc: #$Tape is the #$Collection of all tape. An instance of #$Tape is a thin, flat strip. It can be made from plastic, cloth, or similar material. Tape is very flexible. Its strength depends on the material from which it is made. SUMO: A thin strip of Fabric or Paper that is used to attach two things. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'tape' in Wordnet; this ''Tape'' can be made of other materials such as plastic or thin metal foil: in WordNet: 1. (10) tape - (a long thin piece of cloth or paper as used for binding or fastening; 'he used a piece of tape for a belt'; 'he wrapped a tape around the package')
Super-classes	DurableGood^c RibbonlikeObject^c
Sub-classes	TapeMeasure^c AdhesiveTape^c MagneticTape^c DuctTape^c MaskingTape^c MovieFilm^c

TapeCassette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TapeCassette`
Description	A ''TapeCassette'' is a ''ContainerAndContents'' that holds a reel of some ''MagneticTape'' - audio or video or computer data. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cassette' in WordNet: 1. cassette - (a container that holds a magnetic tape used for recording or playing sound or video)`
Super-classes	ContainerAndContents^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value InformationRecordingEvent^c hasContents^op value MagneticTape^c hasContainer^op value Cassette^c
Sub-classes	MagneticTapeCassette^c

TapeMeasure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TapeMeasure

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tape measure' in WordNet:
        4. tape, tapeline, tape measure - (measuring instrument
           consisting of a narrow strip (cloth or metal) marked 
           in inches or centimeters and used for measuring lengths; 
           'the carpenter should have used his tape measure')

Super-classes Tape^c
LengthMeasuringDevice^c

TapeRecorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TapeRecorder`
Description	A ''MagneticRecorder'' that records information on ''MagneticTape''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tape recorder' in WordNet: 1. (1) tape recorder, tape machine - (a magnetic recorder using magnetic tape)`
Super-classes	MagneticRecorder^c
Restrictions	uses^op value MagneticTape^c
Sub-classes	VideoCassetteRecorder^c

TapeStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TapeStuff`
Description	''TapeStuff'' is a substance that is some quantity of material that is flat like a sheet and much longer tanit is wide.
Super-classes	SheetlikeSubstance^c
Sub-classes	MagneticTapeStuff^c

Tapered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tapered`
Description	This includes things like ''TaperedScrew''s (wood screws) that have a pointed end. For a lead pencil, this would describe the pointed end, but not the whole pencil. This is for a saliently tapering Object, but the object does not have to end in a point, but the narrowest end should be substantially less than one-half the width of the wider part. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tapered' in Wordnet: 1. (2) tapering, tapered - (gradually narrowed toward a point; 'a tall tapering spire')`
Super-classes	Solid^c
Sub-classes	PointyEnded^c

TaperedScrew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaperedScrew`
Description	Screws that are tapered so that they do not need a nut in order to serve as a fastener of two objects to each other. Wood screws and machine screws are examples. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'screw' in WordNet: 4. screw - (a fastener with a tapered threaded shank and a slotted head)`
Super-classes	PointyEndedObject^c Fastener^c Shaft^c ThreadedDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tapered^c hasShape^op value ScrewShaped^c

TaperingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaperingAnObject`
Description	This is an Action that causes an Object to become''Tapered'', though not necessarily pointed. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'taper' in WordNet: 2. sharpen, taper, point - (give a point to; 'The candles are tapered')`
Super-classes	Modification^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Tapered^c
Sub-classes	SharpeningaPencil^c

Tapestry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tapestry`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tapestry' in WordNet: 3. tapestry, arras - (a wall hanging of heavy handwoven fabric with pictorial designs)`
Super-classes	WallHanging^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thick^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value AbstractImage^c

Tapir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tapir`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tapir' in WordNet: 1. tapir - (large inoffensive chiefly nocturnal ungulate of tropical America and southeast Asia having a heavy body and fleshy snout)`
Super-classes	Odd-toedUngulate^c

Tapis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tapis`
Description	A ''Tapis'' is an ''FabricObject'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tapis' in WordNet: 1. tapestry, tapis - (a heavy textile with a woven design; used for curtains and upholstery)
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c FabricObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value VisualPattern^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thick^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c

Tar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tar

Description

A semiliquid PhysicalSubstance consisting mostly of high-boiling linear or branch-chained Hydrocarbons,found naturally or obtained as the residue of petroleum refining process, having a ''Sticky'' quality.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tar' in WordNet:
      1. (1) pitch, tar - (any of various dark heavy viscid substances obtained as a residue)

Super-classes StickyStuff^c
Hydrocarbons^c
ArtificialSubstance^c
LiquidSubstance^c

Tarantula^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tarantula`
Description	Hairy and poisonous. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tarantula' in WordNet: 2. tarantula - (large hairy tropical spider that can inflict painful but not highly venomous bites)`
Super-classes	SpiderHarmfulToHumans^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hairy^c

Tardy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tardy`
Description	''Tardy'' is the AttributeValue (not an Adverb) asserting that Something (usually an Object,possibly an Event) arrived at a place or in a situation after the time required by some Rule or for optimal effect, though potentially still usefully (better late than never). `The adverb ''late'' has a similar meaning,though it modifies Events, not Objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tardy' in WordNet: 1. belated, late, tardy - (after the expected or usual time; delayed; 'a belated birthday card'; 'I'm late for the plane'; 'the train is late'; 'tardy children are sent to the principal'; 'always tardy in making dental appointments')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Overdue^c

Target^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Target`
Description	Each 'Target' consists of a physical object or local cluster of physical objects that is being pursued or attacked or, in some games, aimed at (by any means of propelling), by some agent (WN sense 1). This type is not primitive, but is included to serve as an example of what kinds of types may be properly represented only as event-related case roles. NOTE: a 'target' that is an Animal or Person can be represented as a ''GenericVictim'', or if harmed, as a ''Victim. In addition to the WN examples in the gloss, this ''target'' includes military targets, and targets of a (police) investigation. Includes but is broader than noun senses 1 and 2 of 'target' in Wordnet: 1. (6) target, mark - (a reference point to shoot at; 'his arrow hit the mark') 2. (4) prey, quarry, target, fair game - (a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence; 'he fell prey to muggers'; 'everyone was fair game'; 'the target of a manhunt')
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c RoleInAnEvent^c RoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	wasaTargetInAction^op some (Propelling^c or PurposefulAction^c or MotionType^c or ActionType^c) roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value Targeting^c
Sub-classes	GoalPost^c PreyForCriminals^c PuttingGreenCup^c DartBoard^c ShootingTarget^c

Targeted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Targeted

Description

''Targeted'' is an attribute of an Object that assumes the Role of a ''Target'' in a ''Targeting'' Action.

      No WN sense fo this term.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Targeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Targeting`
Description	''Targeting'' is an ''AimingAction'' in which some 'IntentionalAgent' directs something (an Object or Comment) at some specific PhysicalObject. This can be used metaphorically, to refer to 'targeting' criticism at a Person, or literally, to 'target' an Object to shoot at with a weapon. Both can be subtypes. NOTE: the physical offensive targeting to damage something is represented as the subtype ''TargetingaWeapon''. WN does not have the physical targeting of weapons as a separate entry, so this WN synset is used for the subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'target' in WordNet: 1. target, aim, place, direct, point - (intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; 'He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face'; 'criticism directed at her superior'; 'direct your anger towards others, not towards yourself')
Super-classes	AimingAction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Targeted^c

TargetingaWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TargetingaWeapon`
Description	''TargetingaWeapon'' is a ''Targeting'' (an ''AimingAction'') in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' (which could be an automaton) aims a weapon at some physical object in repration for the goal of ''Launching'' or ''Shooting'' a ''Projectle'' at that object so as to hit that Object,usually in order to harm, disable, or destroy it, or, for practice,to hit a practice target. The instrument that is aimed is a ''ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher'', allowing this to be used for guided missiles or drones that both do the projecting and hit the ''Target''. `Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'target' (aiming to hit a ''Target'' physically) in WordNet: 1. target, aim, place, direct, point - (intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; 'He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face'; 'criticism directed at her superior'; 'direct your anger towards others, not towards yourself')`
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c AimingAction^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value Target^c wasaPreparationFor^op only (ActionType^c or Launching^c or Shooting^c) requiredInstrument^op value ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher^c

Tariff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tariff`
Description	CYC: Elements of #$Tariff are taxes imposed by a country on goods imported to the country. Note that the members of this collection are not either monies paid and collected or payment events, but are relatively abstract intangible artifacts - the tariffs themselves. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tariff' in WordNet: 1. (2) duty, tariff - (a government tax on imports or exports; 'they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries') WN noun 'import duty': 1. import duty - (a duty imposed on imports)`
Super-classes	Tax^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op some (Importing^c or Exporting^c)
Sub-classes	ImportDuty^c

Tarmac^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tarmac`
Description	A ''Tarmac' is a ''PavedSurface'' of any width or length, and is mostly ''Horizontal'', that consists mostly of ''Tarmacadam'', (a mixture of crushed rock and Tar) and may be part of a ''Roadway'' or a ''ParkingLot'' or an Airport ''Runway'', as well as other places where RoadVehicles can move. NOTE: one use of 'tarmac' is to refer to the paved surface of an Airpost near the terminal where planes come and go, that is and not part of a ''Runway'' 'A tarmac delay occurs when an airplane on the ground is either awaiting takeoff or has just landed and passengers do not have the opportunity to get off the plane. The Department's tarmac delay rule applies only to tarmac delays that occur at U.S. airports.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tarmac' in WordNet: 2. tarmacadam, tarmac, macadam - (a paved surface having compressed layers of broken rocks held together with tar)
Super-classes	PavedSurface^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value Tarmacadam^c

Tarmacadam^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tarmacadam

Description

''Tarmacadam' is a ''PavingMaterial'' that contains ''Macadam'' (a ''BrokenStone'' ) and tar.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tarmacadam' in WordNet:
           1. tarmacadam, tarmac - (a paving material of tar and broken stone; 
                mixed in a factory and shaped during paving)

Super-classes PavingMaterial^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

Tarnish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tarnish`
Description	A ''Tarnish'' is a 'Blemish' that is a discoloration of the ''OuterPhysicalSurface'' of a ''MetalObject'' caused by a ''Oxidation'' (a chemical change) to the surface `NOTE" ''Tarnish''is not always a bad thing, as for old silver coins it may be considered desirable by collectors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tarnish' in WordNet: 1. tarnish - (discoloration of metal surface caused by oxidation)`
Super-classes	ObjectConsistingOfSubstance^c Blemish^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value OuterPhysicalSurface^c isLocatedAt^op value MetalObject^c

Tarnished^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tarnished

Description

''Tarnished'' is the attribute of an ''OuterPhysicalSurface'' on a ''MetalObject''.

       Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'tarnished' (for etal surfaces)
          in Wordnet:
         1. besmirched, damaged, flyblown, spotted, stained, sullied, tainted, tarnished - 
            (especially of reputation; 'the senator's seriously damaged reputation';
            'a flyblown reputation'; 'a tarnished reputation'; 'inherited a spotted name')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

TarnishingaSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TarnishingaSurface`
Description	''TarnishingaSurface'' is an Event in which a ''SurfaceOnTangibleObject'' loses its luster or shine and acquires a discoloration (a ''Stain'') that gives it a ''Tarnished'' appearance. `NOTE: the metaphorical senses of 'sullying' or 'defile' are not included, and would need a different type. Corresponds approximately to part (transitive) of verb sense 1 of 'tarnish' in WordNet: 1. (1) tarnish, stain, maculate, sully, defile - (make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically; "The silver was tarnished by the long exposure to the air"; "Her reputation was sullied after the affair with a married man")`
Super-classes	Discoloring^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value MetalObject^c hadChangedEntity^op value OuterPhysicalSurface^c causes^op value BecomingTarnished^c isCausedBy^op value Oxidation^c produces^op value Tarnish^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Tarnished^c

Tarpaulin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tarpaulin`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tarpaulin' in WordNet: 1. (2) tarpaulin, tarp - (waterproofed canvas)`
Super-classes	Canvas^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Waterproof^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Canvas^c

Tarsus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tarsus

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tarsus' in WordNet:
          1. tarsus - (the part of the foot of a vertebrate between
             the metatarsus and the leg; in human beings the bones of the ankle and heel collectively)

Super-classes AnimalBodyPart^c
SkeletalStructure^c

Tart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tart`
Description	A small ''Pie'' with no top crust and a fruit filling. `Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'pie' in WordNet: 2. tart - (a small open pie with a fruit filling) 3. tart - (a pastry cup with a filling of fruit or custard and no top crust)`
Super-classes	Pie^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value FruitFilling^c lacks^op value UpperCrust^c

TartarSauce^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TartarSauce

Description

This is the collection of all instances of tarter sauce. Tarter sauce is essentially mayonnaise with pickle relish in it. It is sometimes more elaborate, containing capers and other ingredients. It is primarily used with fish, especially fried fish.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tartar sauce' in WordNet:
          1. tartare sauce, tartar sauce - 
            (mayonnaise with chopped pickles and sometimes capers and shallots 
            and parsley and hard-cooked egg; sauce for seafood especially fried fish)

Super-classes Sauce^c
ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c
Condiment^c

Task^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Task`
Description	A Task is some Action or series of Actions that a Person must do or complete in the future to accomplish some goal. This is the Action perormed in a ''CarryingOutaTask'' action.. The task may be paid or unpaid, self-assigned or assigned by others, or merely a domestic 'chore'. Each instance of a Task will be an Action with a start and end time (actual or projected) therefore this is not a static situation that repeats. This is an Action that is described by a 'TaskDescription' and may be performed as part of a 'Job'. For a paid employment situtation, use 'Job'. Some 'duties' (represented in COSMO as 'Obligation') may be part of a Task. The sense of the word 'business' in phrases such as 'going about one's business' is also included here; this implies that there is some specific goal that is being attended to. A 'Task' at the time of its creation is still a FutureSituation; after it has been performed it is still a Task, but has the attribute of being 'Finished'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'task' and sense 2 of 'job' and sense 1 of 'chore' and includes senses 5 and 7 of 'business' in WordNet; this is for both paid and unpaid labor; a paid employment situation is represented as 'Job'. A 'task' that is carried out as one of the assignments of paid employment is represented by the more specific subtype 'PaidTask'. in WordNet: 1. (18) undertaking, project, task, labor - (any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted; 'he prepared for great undertakings') 2. (15) job, task, chore - (a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee; 'estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars'; 'the job of repairing the engine took several hours'; 'the endless task of classifying the samples'; 'the farmer's morning chores') WN noun 'business': 5. (63) business - (a rightful concern or responsibility; 'it's none of your business'; 'mind your own business') 7. (13) business - (an immediate objective; 'gossip was the main business of the evening')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasPriority^op some (OrdinalNumber^c or ProrityType^c)
Sub-classes	PaidTask^c UndoneTask^c DifficultTask^c HighPriorityTask^c CommitteeTask^c

TaskDescription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaskDescription`
Description	A TaskDescription is a description of the Actions that must be performed by the person that is to perform the Task. This is a Group that includes the FutureSituation(s) that are part of the Task, and may include a list of the materials needed and skills required to perform that task.
Super-classes	Group^c Description^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some FutureSituation^c describes^op some Task^c
Sub-classes	JobDescription^c

TaskList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaskList`
Description	A ''TaskList'' is a ''List'' in which each element describes (at least by naming it) some ''Task''. `NOTE: this is related to ''Agenda'' but that is more formal and more abstract. @ToDo: list is abstract, elements refer to Tasks.`
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only TaskDescription^c
Sub-classes	ToDoList^c

Tasks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tasks`
Description	Each ''Tasks'' is some Group of ''Task''s that has not yet been done.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Task^c

TasmanianDevil^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TasmanianDevil

Description

Consider 'Taz' of the cartoons.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tasmanian devil' in WordNet:
        1. Tasmanian devil, ursine dasyure, Sarcophilus hariisi - (small ferocious 
          carnivorous marsupial having a mostly black coat and long tail)

Super-classes Marsupial^c
Carnivore^c

Tassel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tassel`
Description	An ''Adornment'' having a Group of cords attached on one end and free at the other end. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tassel' in WordNet: 1. tassel - (adornment consisting of a bunch of cords fastened at one end)`
Super-classes	ArtObject^c Adornment^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value SheafOfCords^c

Taste^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taste

Description

Taste is an attribute TYPE that can apply to many substances, not only to food. Physiologically, Taste should be considered as a property of substances that causes a certain sensation of 'taste' when' placed in the mouth. But linguistically and intuitively, it may also be viewed as a property of objects, such as a particular piece of pie. We therefore permit taste to be assigned as an attribute of either physical objects or physical substances.

      Although technically there are only four 'tastes' (five, including 'umami'), the
       common meaning of 'taste' includes sensations to which
       odor contributes, and this type represents the common
       meaning.  So the 'taste' of 'tastes like chicken' will
       be represented by this AttributeType.

       The attribute 'taste' does not seem to be represented in WordNet,
       only the sensation.  For that sense, see 'TasteSensation'.

       This corresponds to RHW sense 18 of 'taste':
          (noun) 18. the sensation or quality as perceived by this sense; flavor.

       NOTE that this sense does not seem to be covered by any WN synset under 'taste'.

       Corresponds most closely to,but is distinct from, sense 1 of 'flavor' (which
       is an experience, not a property) in WordNet:
         2. (3) relish, flavor, flavour, sapidity, savor, savour, smack, nip, tang - 
          (the taste experience when a savoury condiment is taken into the mouth)

Super-classes AttributeType^c

TasteAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TasteAttribute`
Description	Taste is an attribute that can apply to many substances, not only to food.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Tasteless^c Tasty^c RichFlavored^c BadTasting^c Pickled^c SourTasting^c SweetTasting^c Spicy^c BitterTasting^c SaltyTasting^c VanillaFlavor^c

TasteInActions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TasteInActions`
Description	''TasteInThings'' is a ''HabitualPreference'' for taking certain types of Action whe more than one type may be possible in a Situation. `A 'sexual orientation' would be a subtype of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predilection' in WordNet: 1. (1) predilection, preference, orientation - (a predisposition in favor of something; 'a predilection for expensive cars'; 'his sexual preferences'; 'showed a Marxist orientation')`
Super-classes	HabitualPreference^c
Sub-classes	BadTaste^c

TasteInThings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TasteInThings`
Description	''TasteInThings'' is a ''HabitualPreference'' directed toward things that a Person likes to see or own or use, rather than toward Actions that a Person prefers. Some preferences for Action may be referred to as a 'taste' (e.g. taste in sex) but that sense is covered by the sister type ''TasteInActions''.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taste' in WordNet: 2. (7) preference, penchant, predilection, taste - (a strong liking; 'my own preference is for good literature'; 'the Irish have a penchant for blarney')`
Super-classes	HabitualPreference^c
Sub-classes	FashionableTaste^c GoodTaste^c

TasteSensation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TasteSensation

Description

A Sensation produced by stimulation of the taste buds..

      Corresponds to sense 1 of 'taste and sense 1 of 'taste sensation' in WordNet:
       1. (9) taste, taste sensation, gustatory sensation, taste perception, 
          gustatory perception - (the sensation that results when taste buds
          in the tongue and throat convey information about 
          the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus;
          'the candy left him with a bad taste'; 'the melon had a delicious taste')

Super-classes Sensation^c

TasteType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TasteType`
Description	TasteType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for taste attributes and an argument restriction for the hasTaste relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c
In range of	hasTaste^op
Members	SourTasting Hot-Spicy SweetTasting RichFlavored VanillaFlavor Delicious BadTasting Tasteless Pickled SaltyTasting SpicyTastingFood Spicy BitterTasting PungentTasting Tasty MildTasting

Tasteful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tasteful`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling ''GoodTaste'' that has and exhibits 'GoodTaste'' both in things and in actions. `?How to decscribe things that are in good taste?? This type can be used for now (rev1443) but a different attribute should be created to distinguish people and things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tasteful' in WordNet: 1. (1) tasteful - (having or showing or conforming to good taste)`
Super-classes	PersonTraitValue^c AppearanceAttribute^c BehaviorAttribute^c FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Elegant^c

Tasteless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tasteless

Description

'Tasteless' is the attribute of some food or drink that has neither particularly good nor particularly bad taste.

      Includes adjective sense 1 of 'tasteless' and sense 1 of'bland' 
        and sense 1 of 'flavorless' in WordNet:
        1. tasteless - (lacking flavor)
        WN 'bland'
         1. (1) bland, flat, flavorless, flavourless, insipid, savorless, savourless, vapid -
         (lacking taste or flavor or tang; 'a bland diet'; 'insipid hospital food';
         'flavorless supermarket tomatoes'; 'vapid beer'; 'vapid tea')

Super-classes TasteAttribute^c

TastelesslyVulgar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TastelesslyVulgar`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'tasteless' in Wordnet: 2. tasteless - (lacking aesthetic or social taste)`
Super-classes	Vulgar^c Bad^c
Sub-classes	Showy^c Gross^c Gaudy^c

Tasting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tasting

Description

''Tasting'' is a ''TakingaSample'' Action that includes the Action of putting something (object or substance0 into one's mouth and perceiving its taste..

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sample' in WordNet:
          1. (7) sample, try, try out, taste - (take a sample of; 'Try these new crackers'; 
            'Sample the regional dishes')

Super-classes TakingaSample^c

TastingAbility^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TastingAbility

Description

'TastingAbility' is an AttributeType of animals or artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect tastes; represents the 'sense of taste'. Instances of this type can specify an ability to detect specific tastes, or some level of sensitivity to a particular taste.

   Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'taste' in WordNet:
     6. taste, gustation, sense of taste, gustatory modality - (the faculty of
        distinguishing sweet, sour, bitter, and salty properties in the mouth;
        'his cold deprived him of his sense of taste')

Super-classes SensoryAttributeType^c

TastingAcuity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TastingAcuity`
Description	Each 'TastingAcuity' is an AttributeValue of animals, or artificial sensors that specifies how sensitive a general sense of taste is, or what particular tastes can be detected.
Super-classes	SensoryAbility^c AttributeValue^c

TastingDeliberately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TastingDeliberately`
Description	Any instance of intentionally tasting something. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'taste' in WordNet: 2. (4) sample, try, try out, taste - (take a sample of; 'Try these new crackers'; 'Sample the regional dishes')`
Super-classes	Perceiving-Voluntary^c TastingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Savoring^c

TastingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TastingSomething`
Description	Any instance of tasting something, intentional or not. For an intentional tasting, use 'TastingDeliberately'. `In Cyc called 'TastePerception': Cyc: The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which a #$PerceptualAgent #$tastes some object, by means of the appropriate #$Sensor, and thereby acquires information about it. Corresponds to sense 3 of verb 'taste' in WordNet: 3. (3) taste - (perceive by the sense of taste; 'Can you taste the garlic?') WN noun 'tasting': 2. taste, tasting - (a kind of sensing; distinguishing substances by means of the taste buds; 'a wine tasting')`
Super-classes	Sensation^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op some TasteSensation^c
Sub-classes	TastingDeliberately^c

Tasty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tasty`
Description	'Tasty' means the same as 'good tasting', the most general way to say that one likes the taste of some food or drink. A more intense attribute of the same kind would be 'Delicious' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tasty' in WordNet: 1. tasty - - (pleasing to the sense of taste)`
Super-classes	TasteAttribute^c Pleasant^c
Sub-classes	PungentTasting^c MildTasting^c Delicious^c

Tattered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tattered`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tattered' in Wordnet: 1. (35) tattered, tatterdemalion - (worn to shreds; or wearing torn or ragged clothing; 'a man in a tattered shirt'; 'the tattered flag'; 'tied up in tattered brown paper'; 'a tattered barefoot boy'; 'a tatterdemalion prince')`
Super-classes	Worn^c
Sub-classes	Frayed^c

Tattoo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tattoo`
Description	CYC: A collection of visual marks. Each element of #$Tattoo is a mark made on the skin of a person or other animal, having a pattern formed by scar tissue or by pigment applied in or under the skin. In medical terms, 'tattoo' includes marks resulting from accidental tattooing. But typically tattoos are deliberately applied for purposes of identification or decoration. `called also 'tats' or 'art' by those bearing tattoos. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tattoo' in WordNet: 2. tattoo - (a design on the skin made by tattooing)`
Super-classes	InformationBearingObject^c ArtifactObject^c PhysicalDesign^c StillImageSource^c BodyMarking^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Tattooing^c wasCreatedByEvent^op value Tattooing^c isTheProductOf^op some Tattooing^c

Tattooing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tattooing`
Description	The process in which permanent marks are intentionally made on the skin (usually of a person). Involves a subEvent of cutting the skin and (usually) inserting a pigment. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tattoo' in WordNet: 1. tattoo - (stain (skin) with indelible color)`
Super-classes	VisualArtActivity^c Depicting^c CreatingAnArtObject^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Tattoo^c hadObjectCreated^op value Tattoo^c

Tau^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tau`
Description	A specialization of #$Lepton. Each instance of #$Tau is a lepton that is heavier than either an electron or a muon (see the collection #$Muon). Tau particles are unstable and exist in nature for a very short time.
Super-classes	Lepton^c

TauNeutrino^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TauNeutrino`
Description	A specialization of #$Neutrino. Along with #$MuonNeutrino and #$ElectronNeutrino, one of the three specializations of #$Neutrino.
Super-classes	Neutrino^c

Taught^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taught`
Description	''Taught'' is the attribute of a Person who has undergone a ''Teaching'' of any kind, for basic knowledge or skills.. `''Trained''is reserved for non-human animals. No WN sense for this word. WN 'trained sense 2 seems to fit. in WordNet: 2. (3) trained - (having acquired necessary skills by e.g. undergoing a course of study; 'a trained nurse'; 'a trained voice'; 'trained manpower'; 'psychologically trained workers')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	MentallyPrepared^c

Taunting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taunting

Description

''Taunting'' is a more serious and often less playful 'Teasing', a criticizing suggesting some serious fault in the target.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'taunt' in WordNet:
          1. (5) tease, razz, rag, cod, tantalize, tantalise, bait, taunt,
               twit, rally, ride - (harass with persistent criticism or carping;
               'The children teased the new teacher'; 'Don't ride me so hard over my failure';
               'His fellow workers razzed him when he wore a jacket and tie')

Super-classes HumanActivity^c
PurposefulAction^c
AnnoyingEvent^c

Taut^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taut

Description

The attribute of something flexible that can be stretched, such as a line, when it has a force at one or both ends pulling it away from the other end(s). The Taut object is not necessarily LongAndThin,as a square piece of paper or a ''Drumhead'' can be stretched taut.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'tense' and sense 1 of 'taut' in WordNet:
       WN 'tense' 
         3. tense - (taut or rigid; stretched tight; 'tense piano strings')
       WN 'taut'
        1. (4) taut, tight - (pulled or drawn tight; 'taut sails'; 
          'a tight drumhead'; 'a tight rope')

Super-classes PhysicalObjectAttributeValue^c

Tautological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tautological

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tautological' in Wordnet:
        1. pleonastic, redundant, tautologic, tautological - 
           (repetition of same sense in different words; ''a true fact' and 'a free gift' 
           are pleonastic expressions'; 'the phrase 'a beginner who has just started' 
           is tautological'; 'at the risk of being redundant I return to my original
           proposition'- J.B.Conant)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Tautology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tautology`
Description	A ''Tautology'' is a ''LinguisticAssertion'' in which the Actor expresses the same idea in different words, intentionally or unintentionally. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tautology' in WordNet: 2. tautology - (useless repetition; 'to say that something is 'adequate enough' is a tautology')`
Super-classes	LinguisticAssertion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repetitive^c isProducedByEventType^op some Restating^c

Tax^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tax`
Description	Tax is a Fee (an AttributeType) imposed by a ''GovernmentalAuthority'' that specifies what quantity of money required by a government in exchange for some service, Privilege, or right; a Tax may be imposed on almost any activity. `Each Tax is considered as an attribute of the activity or thing that is taxed. This depends entirely on the taxing jurisdiction and time. in WordNet: 1. (44) tax, taxation, revenue enhancement - (charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government)`
Super-classes	Levy^c Fee^c
Sub-classes	Tariff^c

Tax-Free^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tax-Free`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tax-free' in Wordnet: 1. tax-exempt, tax-free, untaxed - ((of goods or funds) not taxed; 'tax-exempt bonds'; 'an untaxed expense account')`
Super-classes	Nontaxable^c

TaxCollecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaxCollecting`
Description	This is for the action of a Person who 'collects' ''Tax''es of some kind whether in person (such as in ancient times), or by working at a desk and handling fees that are paid or sitting at a desk and processing ''Tax''es paid by mail or by electronic means (the sort of Action that IRS agents do). In the desk work, this can include reviewing tax returns to verify that the information conforms to the regulations. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tax collection' in WordNet: 1. tax collection - (the collection of taxes)`
Super-classes	Gathering^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Tax^c

TaxDeductible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaxDeductible

Description

A 'DeductibleExpenditure' is a ''QuantityOfMoney'' representing an ''Expenditure'' that is or can be deducted from Income when calculating tax liability.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deductible' in WordNet:
          1. deductible - ((taxes) an amount that can be deducted (especially for the purposes
             of calculating income tax))

Super-classes DeductibleExpenditure^c

TaxPayer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaxPayer`
Description	A ''TaxPayer'' is an agent that 'pays' for something - i.e. that performs the action of ''PayingTaxes''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taxpayer' in WordNet: 1. (10) taxpayer - (someone who pays taxes)`
Super-classes	Payer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value PayingTaxes^c

TaxReturn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaxReturn`
Description	This is a paper 'tax return' submitted to the IRS. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tax return' in WordNet: 1. (2) tax return, income tax return, return - (document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability; 'his gross income was enough that he had to file a tax return')`
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c Form-StandardizedIBO^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Wage^c

Taxable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taxable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'taxable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) taxable, nonexempt - ((of goods or funds) subject to taxation; 'taxable income'; 'nonexempt property')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c

Taxation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taxation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'taxation' in WordNet: 3. taxation - (the imposition of taxes; the practice of the government in levying taxes on the subjects of a state) WN verb 'tax': 1. (16) tax - (levy a tax on; 'The State taxes alcohol heavily'; 'Clothing is not taxed in our state')`
Super-classes	ObligationCreatingEvent^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Tax^c isPerformedBy^op value Government^c

Taxed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taxed

Description

''Taxed'' is the attribute of Idealized that experienced a ''Taxation'' Event.

        No adj. sense of 'taxed' in WN

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

TaxiCab^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaxiCab

Description

SUMO: An Automobile which is used to transport people on short trips in exchange for a fare.

        NOTE: a Taxi is not necessarily designed as such,
        therefore it should be a Role.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taxi and sense 1 of 'taxicab'
             and sense 3 of 'cab' in WordNet:
          1. (5) cab, hack, taxi, taxicab - (a car driven by a person
             whose job is to take passengers where they want to go in exchange for money)

Super-classes Automobile^c
Role^c

TaxiDriver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaxiDriver`
Description	Elements are people who drives a 'TaxiCab' as an occupation. See also 'HiringaTaxicab'. `NOTE: with the advent of 'ride-sharing' services, this is expanded to include people who drve for Uber or Lyft - though not necessarily full-time, they earn money from the operation abd can be classfied as 'professional' for this purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taxi driver' in WordNet: 1. (1) taxidriver, taximan, cabdriver, cabman, cabby, hack driver, hack-driver, livery driver - (someone who drives a taxi for a living)`
Super-classes	Driver-TransportationProfessional^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value DrivingaTaxiCab^c

TaxiFare^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaxiFare

Description

''TaxiFare'' is a subtype of ''Fare''. ''TaxiFare'' is an Attribute of a the transportation service ''RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger''.

   "RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger"       
   "isAnAttributeValueOf" TransportationServiceEvent
   isAnAttributeOf"

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cab fare' in WordNet:
       1. cab fare, taxi fare - (the fare charged for riding in a taxicab)

Super-classes Fee^c

TaxiPassenger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TaxiPassenger`
Description	A ''TaxiPassenger'' is a paying ';Passenger'' who has hired and is riding in a ''TaxiCab''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fare' in WordNet: 3. fare - (a paying (taxi) passenger)`
Super-classes	Passenger^c
Restrictions	wasTransportedInEvent^op some RidingInaVehicle^c

Taxonomizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taxonomizing`
Description	''Taxonomizing'' is a ''Classifying'' Action in which a ''Taxonomy''' is produced. `No sense of 'taxonomize' in WN or RHW.`
Super-classes	Classifying^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Taxonomy^c

Taxonomy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Taxonomy

Description

Each ''Taxonomy'' is a ''KnowledgeClassificationSystem'' in the form of a ''Hierarachy'' containing categories (classes, types, sorts) each of which (except for the top one) is subsumed by some other category with a more general meaning and broader set of instances. An instance of any category is also an instance of the higher subsuming category. A ''Taxonomy'' in which each category is subsumed by only one other category is called a 'hierarchy'. A Taxonomy can be stand-alone, or it can be part of a SemanticNetwork or of an Ontology.

     The only relation between categories in a ''Taxonomy'' is the 'subclass' ('subtype', 'isa')
        relation, although instances may also be defined.  If other relations between *categories*
        are used, it should be classified as a ''SemanticNetwork''.

    The WN gloss suggests that taxonomies are only for organisms, but taxonomies are used widely
       to classify any group of categories of interest in   some domain of knowledge.

   Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'taxonomy' in Wordnet:
      1. taxonomy - (a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc)

Super-classes Classification^c
Hierarchy^c
KnowledgeClassificationSystem^c

Tea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tea`
Description	WN: a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water; 'iced tea is a cooling drink'. `CYC 'Tea-Beverage' : Beverage made by steeping tea leaves, or by mixing with water a powder ultimately (we hope) derived from tea leaves usually has caffeine in it but may be decaffeinated. WN-: sense 1 of 'tea' in WN 2.1: in WordNet: 1. (345) tea - (a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water; 'iced tea is a cooling drink')`
Super-classes	NonAlcoholicBeverage^c Infusion^c AqueousSolution^c
Restrictions	mayBeMadeUsing^op value TeaPot^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Caffeine^c isPreparedFromSubstance^op value TeaLeaves^c isProducedByEventType^op value Steeping^c
Sub-classes	CambricTea^c

TeaBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaBag`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tea bag' in WordNet: 2. tea bag - (small paper bag holding a measure of tea)`
Super-classes	FingerSizedObject^c ContainerAndContents^c Bag^c
Restrictions	hasContainer^op value PaperBag^c hasContents^op value TeaLeaves^c

TeaCosy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaCosy

Description

A ''TeaCosy'' is a ClothCovering that is placed over a teapot to keep the tea warm.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tea cosy' in WordNet:
         1. cosy, tea cosy, cosey, tea cosey, cozy, tea cozy, cozey, 
           tea cozey, cozie, tea cozie - (a padded cloth covering to keep a teapot warm)

Super-classes ClothCovering^c

TeaKettle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaKettle`
Description	A small ''Pot'' that can be held in one hand and is designed to boil water, which can be then used to steep tea leaves, usually after pouring the hot water into a ''TeaPot'' and adding tea to the ''TeaPot'', such as in a teabag. They always have some kind of handle to allow pouring out the hot water. `The 'pot' used to contact the hot water with the tea is a ''TeaPot''. NOTE: a 'teapot' is usually a ceramic pot that holds the hot water and is used for brewing tea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teakettle' in Wordnet: 1. (1) teakettle - (kettle for boiling water to make tea)`
Super-classes	Boiler^c SmallObject^c Kettle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c isUsedToMake^op value Tea^c isUsedInAction^op value HeatingWater^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Spout^c isUsedInAction^op value HeatingWater^c

TeaLeaf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaLeaf`
Description	The ''Leaf'' of a ''TeaPlant''. This is one ''Leaf''. `NOTE: the WN 'tea leaf' is apparently intended for the substance consisting of dried lea leaves. See ''TeaLeaves''. tea leaf`
Super-classes	Leaf^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value TeaPlant^c

TeaLeaves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaLeaves`
Description	This is for one or more dried ''TeaLeaf'' whether individually intact or shredded or powdered. Typically prepared as a material with which to make ''Tea''. Parent in WN is ''Herb'' but the material prepared form ''HerbPlant''s is a ''Seasoning'' in COSMO. `Tis can be green tea or black tea leaves (or powder). Probably needs differentiation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tea leaf' in WordNet: 1. tea, tea leaf - (dried leaves of the tea shrub; used to make tea; 'the store shelves held many different kinds of tea'; 'they threw the tea into Boston harbor')`
Super-classes	Seasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value TeaLeaf^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dry^c

TeaOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaOrder`
Description
Super-classes	DicotSubclass^c
Sub-classes	TeaPlant^c Camellia^c

TeaPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaPlant

Description

CYC: Individual tea plants; the plant which yields black tea, green tea and oolong tea, from which tea-the beverage is brewed.

        Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'tea' in WordNet:
          5. (4) tea, Camellia sinensis - (a tropical evergreen shrub 
              or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; 
              source of tea leaves; 'tea has fragrant white flowers')

Super-classes TeaOrder^c
CerealPlant^c
EvergreenPlant^c
Bush^c
HerbPlant^c

TeaPot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaPot`
Description	A ''Pot'' that is designed for the simple function of holding boiling-hot water, which can be then used to steep tea leaves - 'short and stout'. They always have some kind of handle to allow pouring out the brewed tea. `The 'pot' used to boil the water in is a ''TeaKettle''. NOTE: a 'teapot' is usually a ceramic pot that holds the hot water and is used for brewing tea by contacting the hot water with tea, whether loose or in a bag or in a porous container. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teapot' in Wordnet: 1. teapot - (pot for brewing tea; usually has a spout and handle)`
Super-classes	LiquidContainer^c Pot^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c isUsedInAction^op value MakingTea^c isUsedToMake^op value Tea^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Spout^c

TeaSpoon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaSpoon

Description

The measuring teaspoon is ''"TeaSpoon-MeasuringTool''.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teaspoon' in WordNet:
            1. (1) teaspoon - (a small spoon used for stirring tea or coffee; holds about one fluid dram)

Super-classes Spoon-EatingUtensil^c

TeaSpoon-MeasuringTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaSpoon-MeasuringTool`
Description	The measuring tool which measures the exact quantity of one Teaspoon.
Super-classes	MeasuringSpoon^c
Restrictions	hasVolume^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaspoonFul^c

Teacher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teacher`
Description	A person whose main occupation is to teach in some formal setting, including tutoring. Casual teaching is a Role that relates to specific Events, but does not make a person a 'Teacher', unless sustained over multiple such events. Someone who gives lectures (a ''Lecturer'') is also a ''Teacher'', whether or not in schools. `An 'ad hoc' teacher for informal occasions is not yet represented. SUMO: The Profession of being a teacher. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teacher' in WordNet: 1. (41) teacher, instructor - (a person whose occupation is teaching)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Educator^c Trainer^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value TeachingAsAnOccupation^c
Sub-classes	Soothsayer^c Professor^c SportsCoach^c Lecturer^c Prophet^c SchoolTeacher^c FacultyMember^c

Teaching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teaching`
Description	This is for formal teaching in an educational institution. For private tutoring use ''Tutoring' and for other non-formal instructing use the parent type ''Instructing''. CYC: The Action One agent imparting learned knowledge to another. This may have #$subEvents of the student asking or responding to questions, but the teacher is the primary performer. Although this is a subtype of 'LinguisticCommunication', it may include demonstarting how to do something, provided that some linguistic communication is included. This is for formal teaching situations, whereas occasional imparting of useful information is represented by the parent trype ''Instructing''. 'Teaching' may be confined to a single subject or even a single session, so it is usually narrower than 'Education'; but Education always has some 'Teaching' as a subevent Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'teach' and sense 1 of 'instruct' and sense 2 of 'instruction' in WordNet: 1. (86) teach, learn, instruct - (impart skills or knowledge to; 'I taught them French'; 'He instructed me in building a boat') WN noun 'instruction': 2. (5) education, instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill; 'he received no formal education'; 'our instruction was carefully programmed'; 'good classroom teaching is seldom rewarded') WN verb 'educate: 1. (7) educate - (give an education to; 'We must educate our youngsters better') WN verb 'school': 1. (2) school - (educate in or as if in a school; 'The children are schooled at great cost to their parents in private institutions') WN noun 'schooling': 1. (1) schooling - (the act of teaching at school)
Super-classes	Educating^c ServiceEvent^c Instructing^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Schooled^c
Sub-classes	TrainingAnAgent^c Lesson^c CourseOfInstruction^c Lecture^c

TeachingAsAnOccupation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeachingAsAnOccupation

Description

The FunctionalProcess that is consists of multiple instances of Teaching, when performed as an Occupation

      Corresponds partly to noun sense 1 of 'teaching' in WordNet:
        1. (9) teaching, instruction, pedagogy - - (the profession of a teacher;
        he prepared for teaching while still in college;
        pedagogy is recognized as an important profession)

Super-classes Profession^c

Teachings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teachings`
Description	The ''Teachings'' are a set of doctrines proposed by some individual Person that are widely believed so as to form a ''PhilosophicalSchool''. These may be elaborated by others after the passing of the originator, and still be considered the same ''PhilosophicalSchool''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'teaching' in WordNet: 2. (3) teaching, precept, commandment - (a doctrine that is taught; 'the teachings of religion'; 'he believed all the Christian precepts')`
Super-classes	PhilosophicalSchool^c
Restrictions	hasBeliever^op value Adherent^c

Teacup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teacup`
Description	A cup designed for drinking tea; this type always has a handle. Some have a lid, which fits on by gravity, is not attached, and does not screw on. `This corresponds to sense 2 of 'teacup' in WordNet: 2. teacup - (a cup from which tea is drunk)`
Super-classes	Cup^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c isDesignedToContain^op value Tea^c

Team^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Team`
Description	COSMO: in COSMO, a ''Team'' is an ''Organization'', not a ''GroupOfPeople'', but its operational component (not necessarily including any 'owners' or 'managers') is related to some ''GroupOfPeople'' termed a ''TeamMembers'' Cyc: #$Team is a specialization of #$OrganizationOfPeopleOnly and #$ActivityTypeFocusGroup. A #$Team may be a commercial, professional team supported by a large full-time staff, or simply a #$Group of people who got together for playing a game for a single time, or something in between. Organized #$Teams which play sports at least semi-regularly are instances of the narrower concept, #$SportsTeam. Corresponds to part (for the Organization) of noun sense 1 of 'team' in WordNet: 1. (43) team, squad - (a cooperative unit)
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	hasAssociatedGroupType^op value TeamMembers^c
Sub-classes	RescueSquad^c SportsTeam^c Varsity^c FlyingSquad^c

TeamMembers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeamMembers`
Description	Each ''TeamMembers'' is the ''GroupOfPeople'' that comprise the 'membership' of some Organization. `Corresponds to part (for the People comprising the ''Team'') of noun sense 1 of 'team' in WordNet: 1. (43) team, squad - (a cooperative unit)`
Super-classes	OrganizationMembers^c
Restrictions	isAssociatedWithAgent^op some Team^c

TeamSport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeamSport`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'team sport' in WordNet: 1. team sport - (a sport that involves competition between teams of players; 'baseball is a team sport by golf is not')`
Super-classes	Sport^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value SportsTeam^c
Sub-classes	Baseball^c Football-TheSport^c Soccer^c Basketball^c Volleyball^c

Teammate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teammate`
Description	A ''Teammate'' is a member of an athletic ''Team'' from the perspective of another member of the Team. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teammate' in WordNet: 1. (2) teammate, mate - (a fellow member of a team; 'it was his first start against his former teammates')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Player^c CoWorker^c Athlete^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value Team^c

Teamwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teamwork`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teamwork' in WordNet: 1. teamwork - (cooperative work done by a team (especially when it is effective); 'it will take money, good planning and, above all, teamwork')`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c WorkingTogether^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Team^c

TearDrop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TearDrop`
Description	A 'TearDrop' is a single drop of the substance 'Tears', produced by tear ducts. NOTE: a 'DropOfWater' is near-spherical, but a TearDrop may be somewhat flattened. @ToDo- specialize 'Spherical' to include distortions, or loosen the shape criterion?? `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'teardrop' and nouns sense 1 of 'tear' in WordNet: 2. tear, teardrop - (a drop of the clear salty saline solution secreted by the lacrimal glands; 'his story brought tears to her eyes')`
Super-classes	DropOfWater^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Tears^c

TearDuct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TearDuct`
Description	CYC: The collection of all tear ducts. Each #$TearDuct is a tube which allows #$LacrimalFluid to flow from a #$TearGland through an #$UpperEyelid to an #$Eye. `For production of tears, see 'TearGland'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tear duct' in WordNet: 1. lacrimal duct, lachrymal duct, tear duct - (any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands)`
Super-classes	Duct^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value VertebrateEye^c

TearGland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TearGland`
Description	CYC: The collection of all tear #$Glands, each of which secretes #$LacrimalFluid which moistens an #$Eye. Terrestrial #$Vertebrates possess #$TearGlands, while aquatic ones do not. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tear gland' in Wordnet: 1. lacrimal gland, lachrymal gland, tear gland - (any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears)`
Super-classes	Gland^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value VertebrateEye^c secretes^op value Tears^c

Tearful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tearful`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tearful' in Wordnet: 1. tearful - (filled with or marked by tears; 'tearful eyes'; 'tearful entreaties')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

TearingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TearingSomething`
Description	'TearingSomething' is a subtype of 'SeparationEvent' that is not usually performed by a 'CuttingDevice', and may not result in a complete separation of an object into two parts. Nevertheless, it is a 'SeparationEvent' because at least some parts of an object must separate in order for there to be a 'TearingSomething'. CYC 'Ripping': Generic ripping events, in which some tangible object is pulled apart in some way. NOTE that this is an ActionType, therefore there must be some agent that causes the tearing. The agent can be inanimate, such as an object torn by a strong wind. Includes verb sense 1 of 'tear' and verb sense 1 of 'rip' in WordNet: 1. (19) tear, rupture, snap, bust - (separate or cause to separate abruptly; 'The rope snapped'; 'tear the paper') WN verb 'rip': 1. (8) rend, rip, rive, pull - (tear or be torn violently; 'The curtain ripped from top to bottom; 'pull the cooked chicken into strips')
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c SeparationEvent^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value PullingEvent^c

Tears^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tears`
Description	Slightly salty solution excreted by the tear duct of the eyes of animals. NOTE that this is the PhysicalSubstance, not a Group of 'TearDrop's.
Super-classes	BodyFluid^c Secretion-Bodily^c
Restrictions	isSecretedBy^op value TearGland^c isSecretedBy^op value Eye^c hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water-Saline^c

Teary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teary

Description

''Teary'' is an attribute of a ''HumanEye'' or a ''Person'' when the ''HumanEye'' is visibly filled with tears, whether or not the tears are streaming in drops down the face.

       NOTE: this is not necessarily due to someone feeling 'sad', it can be due
       to people feeling ''Emotional'' from a sweet and loving scene -
          'there wasn't a dry eye in the house'.

       No distinction yet in COSMO between tear drops running down the face and
         eyes just 'welled up' with tears (i.e. in the state ''Touched-Feeling'')..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'teary' in Wordnet:
          1. teary, teary-eyed, watery-eyed - (with eyes full of tears)

Super-classes Wet^c

TearyEyes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TearyEyes`
Description	Each ''TearyEyes'' is a pair of ''BothEyes'' on a person that are ''Teary''.
Super-classes	BothEyes^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value HumanEye^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Teary^c

Teasel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teasel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teasel' in WordNet: 1. teasel, teazel, teasle - (any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts)`
Super-classes	Plant-NonWoody^c HerbPlant^c

Teasing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teasing`
Description	'Teasing' is an AnnoyingEvent in which one Person deliberately causes minor and not malicious Annoyance in a second Person by speech or action, such as mentioning some fact relating to the second Person that the first Person thinks is embarrassing to the second Person, or by touching that person or something that person possesses. Among children, Teasing often focuses on some physical attribute of the teasee. Only a Person can perform 'Teasing'. The teaser and teasee must be explicitly referenced. `NOTE: 'tantalizing' is the sbtype ''Tantalizing''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'tease' in WordNet: 1. (2) tease, badger, pester, bug, beleaguer - (annoy persistently; 'The children teased the boy because of his stammer') 2. (1) tease, razz, rag, cod, tantalize, tantalise, bait, taunt, twit, rally, ride - (harass with persistent criticism or carping; 'The children teased the new teacher'; 'Don't ride me so hard over my failure'; 'His fellow workers razzed him when he wore a jacket and tie')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Teasing^c PurposefulAction^c AnnoyingEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Person^c hadAffectedAgent^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Jeering^c KiddingAround^c Teasing^c TantalizingAction^c

Teat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teat`
Description	NOTE: this is for the ''Teat'' on a ''FemalePerson'', part of a human female ''Breast''. The analog of the human ''Breast'' is a ''MammaryGland'' for ''NonHumanAnimal''s. The collection of all fleshy #$Organs found in (one or more) pairs on female #$Mammals, which produce milk when nursing. Although males also have vestigial #$Teats, we are excluding those from this collection. #$Teats are not necessary for and therefore are not part of the #$ReproductiveSystem. This is just the 'nipple' part of a female ''Breast''. COSMO note: male teats are not included here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teat' in Wordnet: 1. (2) nipple, mammilla, mamilla, pap, teat, tit - (the small projection of a mammary gland)
Super-classes	Protrusion^c AnimalBodyPart-Female^c ExternalOrgan^c Dug^c
Restrictions	secretes^op value HumanMothersMilk^c isaProperPartOf^op value Breast^c

Technetium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technetium

Description

The element Technetium, atomic number 43.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technetium' in WordNet:
         1. technetium, Tc, atomic number 43 - (a crystalline metallic element 
           not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
ArtificialSubstance^c

TechnicSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TechnicSchool`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technical school' in WordNet: 1. (1) technical school, tech - (a school teaching mechanical and industrial arts and the applied sciences)`
Super-classes	School^c

Technical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technical`
Description	''Technical'' pertains to complex ''Technique''s; for reference to Engineering use subattribute ''Technological''. This attribute is also used as a label for non-specialized usage of a word that has a specific meaning in one FieldOfStudy but a broader or different meaning in colloquial use. 'technical term' or 'technical usage'. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'technical' in WordNet: 1. (16) technical - (of or relating to technique; 'technical innovation in recent novels'; 'technical details') 2. (11) technical - (characterizing or showing skill in or specialized knowledge of applied arts and sciences; 'a technical problem'; 'highly technical matters hardly suitable for the general public'; 'a technical report'; 'producing the A-bomb was a challenge to the technical people of this country'; 'technical training'; 'technical language')
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c Detailed^c Specialised^c Complex^c
Sub-classes	Technological^c

Technicality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technicality

Description

A ''Technicality'' is a 'Detail' that is part of the expert knowledge of a Topic, and is mentioned to explain and use distinctions that are not part of general knowledge nor usually considered significant by the audience.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technicality' in WordNet:
          1. technicality, trifle, triviality - (a detail that is considered insignificant)

Super-classes Detail^c

Technically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technically

Description

'Technically'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that asserts that the adjective or action mdified refers to 'technical skill' or to 'technique'.

      Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'technically' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) technically - (with regard to technique; 
              'technically lagging behind the Japanese')
         2. (1) technically - (with regard to technical skill; 'a technically brilliant solution')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Technician^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technician

Description

A ''Technician''is a ''Person'' who is skilled at some field requiring detailed knowledge of some type or types of ''Device'', mechanical or electrical.

    CYC:  A collection of persons; a subset of
        #$PersonWithOccupation.  Each element of #$Technician is a
        worker whose occupation involves the execution of detailed
        procedures, typically using some kind of laboratory
        equipment or mechanical instruments.  Special training and
        sometimes certification is required of members of these
        occupations.  Elements of the collection #$Technician
        include members of its subsets #$MedicalLabTechnician,
        #$EmergencyMedicalTechnician, #$DentalHygienist,
        #$MediaTechnician, and others.

    Technicians are often employed to operate, maintain, or repair
       ''Devices''.

     NOTE: the term 'tech' is often used as a shorthand for 'technician':
       RHW 'tech':
         2. a technician: He's a tech for a film crew.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technician' in WordNet:
         1. (3) technician - (someone whose occupation involves training 
            in a specific technical process)

Super-classes SkilledWorker^c
Professional-Adult^c

Technique^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technique`
Description	A ''Technique'' is a 'Procedure' for manipulating PhysicalObjects or PhysicalSubstances that requires some learning or practise (''SpecializedKnowledge'') to execute properly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technique' in WordNet: 1. (63) technique - (a practical method or art applied to some particular task)`
Super-classes	Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op only MaterialHandling^c requiresResource^op some SpecializedKnowledge^c

Technobabble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technobabble`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technobabble' in WordNet: 1. technobabble - (technical jargon from computing and other high-tech subjects)`
Super-classes	Jargon^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value Engineer^c isUsedBy^op value Scientist^c isUsedBy^op value Specialist^c

Technological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technological

Description

''Technological'' pertains to technology (''Engineering'') and the scientific methods used to create practical and useful things.

    Correponds to adjective sense 2  of 'technological' in WordNet:
      2. (3) technical, technological - (of or relating to a practical subject that is 
           organized according to scientific principles; 
           'technical college'; 'technological development')

Super-classes Technical^c
PertainingAttributeValue^c

Technologically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Technologically

Description

'Technologically'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that asserts that the adjective or action modified refers to ''Technology'' or its methods and principles.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'technologically' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) technologically - (by means of technology; 'technologically impossible')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

TeddyBear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeddyBear`
Description	CYC: A stuffed bear. A 'TeddyBear'' is a ''StuffedToy'' resembling (more or less) a ''Bear''. `NOTE: the adjective 'plush' used in the gloss is not defined in WN - it means having a covering that is a 'plush' - a fabric with a long pile (WN 1. plush - (a fabric with a nap that is longer and softer than velvet)) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teddy bear' in WordNet: 1. teddy, teddy bear - (plaything consisting of a child's toy bear (usually plush and stuffed with soft materials))`
Super-classes	StuffedToy^c StuffedAnimal^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Bear^c

Tee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tee`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tee' in WordNet: 3. tee, golf tee - (a short peg put into the ground to hold a golf ball off the ground)`
Super-classes	Peg^c

TeeingGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeeingGround`
Description	A ''TeeingGround'' is a small level part of a GolfCourse, onefor eachgolf hole, where the golfer tees off by 'driving' the ball. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teeing ground' in WordNet: 1. tee, teeing ground - (the starting place for each hole on a golf course; 'they were waiting on the first tee')`
Super-classes	LandSite^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op value GolfCourse^c hasCharacteristicActivity^op value TeeingOff^c

TeeingOff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeeingOff`
Description	''TeeingOff'' is a''HittingaGolfballWithaClub'' that occurs on a ''TeeingGround'' and the ''GolfClub''used is a ''Driver''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tee off' in WordNet: 1. tee off - (strike a ball from the teeing ground at the start of a hole) WN noun 'teeoff': 1. teeoff - (the act of hitting a golf ball from the teeing ground at the start of each hole)`
Super-classes	HittingaGolfballWithaClub^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value DriverClub^c isaSubEventOf^op value PlayingaGolfGame^c occursAt^op value TeeingGround^c

TeeingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeeingUp`
Description	''TeeingUp'' is the pacing of a GolfBall on a ''Tee'' in preparation for ''TeeingOff''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'tee up' in WordNet: 2. tee, tee up - (place on a tee; 'tee golf balls')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c PreparingForSituation^c HandlingAnObject^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value TeeingGround^c hadObjectHandled^op value GolfBall^c hasEndingPlace^op value Tee^c isaSubEventOf^op value PlayingaGolfGame^c wasaPreparationFor^op value TeeingOff^c hadObjectMoved^op value GolfBall^c wasPerformedByAgent^op value Golfer^c

Teeming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teeming`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'teeming' in Wordnet: 1. teeming - (abundantly filled with especially living things; 'the Third World's teeming millions'; 'the teeming boulevard')`
Super-classes	Abundant^c Crowded^c

Teenager^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teenager`
Description	Any human in the age group 13 to 19 years, inclusive. Applied mostly to those under 18 (legally adult in most places), but not a subtype of ''MinorChild'' because it can include persons 18 or 19. The attribute value ''Adolescent'' applies to a Person in this age range. `CYC ('HumanTeenager'): A specialization of #$YoungHuman. Each instance of this collection is a #$HomoSapiens whose age is greater than 12 years and less than 20 years. A notable specialization is #$HumanTeenager-LegallyAdult. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teenager' in WordNet: 1. (12) adolescent, stripling, teenager, teen - (a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity)`
Super-classes	HumanYouth^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adolescent^c
Sub-classes	Debutante^c

Teetering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teetering

Description

A 'Teetering' is an ''MotionInPlace'' in which the top part of a PhysicalObject that is taller than wide and is top-heavy (has a center of gravity higher than half its height) that is supported on some surface, moves back and forth in a linear horizontal path, coming close to 'toppling' at each end of the motion.

  NOTE: the WN gloss for 'totter' suggests that it includes a Person who is walking unsteadily,
     but that is covered by ''Teetering''; the WN 'totter' is included here, and
     this type is interpreted as the unsteady swaying of an inanimate object.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'teeter' in WordNet:
        1. (2) teeter, seesaw, totter - (move unsteadily, with a rocking motion)
     WN verb 'totter':
        1. (4) totter - (move without being stable, as if threatening to fall;
             'The drunk man tottered over to our table')

Super-classes MotionInPlace^c
Oscillating^c
Swaying^c

Teeth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teeth`
Description	Each instance of ''Teeth'' is a ''Group'' of ''Tooth''s that are all on one animal. This can be all or some subgroup of all of the teeth on an animal.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Tooth^c

Teething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teething`
Description	''Teething'' is a ''GrowingSomething'' in which a young infant starts to grow a set of teeth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teethe' in WordNet: 1. teethe - (grow teeth; cut the baby teeth; 'The little one is teething now') WN noun 'teething': 1. teething, dentition, odontiasis - (the eruption through the gums of baby teeth)`
Super-classes	GrowingSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value TeethingPain^c isPerformedBy^op value HumanInfant^c

TeethingPain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeethingPain`
Description	A 'TeethingPain' is a pain sensation (PainOrAche) that occurs in HumanInfant''s while they are performing the ''Teething'' process. feels
Super-classes	PainOrAche^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Teething^c occursDuring^op value Teething^c

Telecommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telecommunication`
Description	In RHW 'telecommunications': 'Sometimes, telecommunication. (used with a sing. v.) the transmission of information, as words, sounds, or images, usually over great distances, in the form of electromagnetic signals, as by telegraph, telephone, radio, or television.' CYC: A specialization of #$CommunicatingUsingADevice. Each instance of #$Telecommunication is a communication event which utilizes an electronic communication device that is designed to convey messages over geographically signficant distances (roughly, one #$Kilometer or more). Specializations include #$SendingInformationByTelephone, #$FaxingADocument, and #$Broadcasting. Note that talking to someone in the next room on a #$Telephone would be an instance of #$Telecommunication even though the communication does not span a geographically significant distance; for the communication uses a device which is 'designed' for communication across such distances. No exact match for the Action in Wordnet. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'telecommunication' in Wordnet: 1. telecommunication, telecom - ((often plural) systems used in transmitting messages over a distance electronically) WN verb 'telecommunicate': 1. telecommunicate - (communicate over long distances, as via the telephone or e-mail)
Super-classes	CommunicatingUsingADevice^c
Sub-classes	Telefaxing^c Broadcasting^c WirelessCommunication^c InternetPublishing^c

Teleconference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teleconference`
Description	A ''Teleconference'' is a ''Conferring'' in which participants are located in more than one location (usually at a distance of miles), in wihch the voice and sometimes images of the participants see ''VideoConference'' are transmitted over communication wires or cables or by radio waves. NOTE: the WordNet synset gloss suggest that this is only for what is labeled in COSMO a ''VideoCOnference', whereas in RHW the 'teleconference' is a general term that includes telephones and video devices. The same synset will beused here and in subtype ''VideoConference'', and if there is ambiguity this type can be used as the label. RHW 'teleconference': 1. a business meeting, educational session, etc., conducted among participants in different locations via telecommunications equipment. Cf. videoconference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teleconference' in WordNet: 1. teleconference, teleconferencing - (a conference of people who are in different locations that is made possible by the use of such telecommunications equipment as closed-circuit television)
Super-classes	Conferring^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op min 3 requiresResource^op value CommunicationDevice^c occursAt^op min 2
Sub-classes	VideoConference^c

Telefaxing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telefaxing`
Description	''Telefaxing'' is a ''Telecommunication'' that transmits copies of hardcopy documents from one ''FaxMachine'' to another over telephone lines. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'telefax' in WordNet: 1. fax, telefax, facsimile - (send something via a facsimile machine; 'Can you fax me the report right away?')`
Super-classes	Duplicating^c Telecommunication^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value TelephonePathSystem^c wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value FaxMachine^c

Telegram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telegram`
Description	A ''Telegram''is a ''Message'' sent using a "Telegraph". `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telegram' in WordNet: 1. (2) telegram, wire - (a message transmitted by telegraph)`
Super-classes	Message^c AbstractInformationStore^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op some SendingATelegram^c
Sub-classes	Cablegram^c

Telegraph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telegraph`
Description	Any system of transmitters and receivers that transmit telegraphic (but not voice) signals. Essentially, only transmits 'on/off' signals, a series of which can be inerpreted as coded information.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telegraph' in WordNet: 1. (3) telegraph, telegraphy - (apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code))`
Super-classes	CommunicationDevice^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value EnablingTelecommunication^c

Teleost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teleost`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teleost' in WordNet: 1. teleost fish, teleost, teleostan - (a bony fish of the subclass Teleostei)`
Super-classes	BonyFish^c
Sub-classes	Ganoid^c Soft-finnedFish^c Spiny-finnedFish^c

Telephone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telephone`
Description	Electrical Telephones of all sorts. A Device used to transmit sound information long distances by converting them into electrical signals. This is the solid physical object that can receive spoken sounds and transmit them to other telephones, and can receive spoken sounds from other telephones. The sounds mau be other than speech. SUMO: A Device that permits LinguisticCommunication between remote points by converting sound into electrical signals that are then transmitted. When the signals are received, they are converted back into sound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone' in WordNet: 1. (18) telephone, phone, telephone set - (electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be transmitted over distances and then converts received signals back into sounds; 'I talked to him on the telephone')
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c CommunicationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value EnablingTelecommunication^c
Sub-classes	DialTelephone^c Videophone^c CellularTelephone^c ExtensionTelephone^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsOfficeTelephone http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatsBasementTelephone

TelephoneCall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephoneCall`
Description	`@ToDo: perhaps a RoboCall should be distinguished as a direct descendent of 'SpokenCommunicating'?? Then a normal conversation would be a 'TelephoneConversation'??`
Super-classes	OralConversation^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op min 2
Sub-classes	RoboCall^c HighPriorityCall^c

TelephoneCaller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephoneCaller`
Description	A ''Caller'' who calls another Person on a telephone (of anty kind or technology) i.e. one who dials the other person's phone number. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'caller' in Wordnet: 7. caller, caller-up, phoner, telephoner - (the person initiating a telephone call; 'there were so many callers that he finally disconnected the telephone')`
Super-classes	Caller^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value TelephoneCall^c

TelephoneConversation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephoneConversation

Description

A ''TelephoneConversation'' is a ''Conversation'' that s a ''SpokenCommunicating'' carried out in oral speech, but not ''InPerson'', but using 2 or more instances of some form of ''Telephone''. Texting on a digital telephone or faxing information are not instances of this type; a 'TelephoneConversation' that consists of one side playing a recorded speech to be heard by the receiving side is a borderline included instance, represented as the subtype 'RoboCall'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone conversation' in WordNet:
          1. telephone conversation - (a conversation over the telephone)

Super-classes SpokenCommunicating^c
Conversation^c

TelephoneExchange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephoneExchange`
Description	This ''TelephoneExchange'' is the facility - the device switching calls is represented by ''Switchboard''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone exchange' in WordNet: 1. central, telephone exchange, exchange - (a workplace that serves as a telecommunications facility where lines from telephones can be connected together to permit communication)`
Super-classes	PlaceOfBusiness^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value TelephoneCall^c enablesOrAssists^op value TelephoneCall^c spatiallyContains^op value Switchboard^c

TelephoneLink^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephoneLink`
Description	A ''TelephoneLink'' is a Group of ''DirectTelephoneLink''s that can route the signals from one one Telephone to another, allowing telephone calls between them. This is one path in what could be a very large telephone system.
Super-classes	Link-Generic^c CommunicationsLine^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value DirectTelephoneLink^c enablesOrAssists^op value TelephoneCall^c
Sub-classes	HotLine^c

TelephoneMouthpiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephoneMouthpiece`
Description	A ''TelephoneMouthpiece'' is a ''Mouthpiece'' that converts the sound of a Person talking into a ''Telephone'' into electrical signals allowing the sound of the speaking to be transmitted to any distance, including into outer space (though with a time lag for speed of light limitations). `The 'mouthpiece' on a traditional desk telephone that may have the mouthpiece and earpiece connected together on a hand-sized hand-held object connected by wires to the telephone line would be a specialized subtype of this. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mouthpiece' in WordNet: 2. (1) mouthpiece - (an acoustic device; the part of a telephone into which a person speaks)`
Super-classes	AcousticDevice^c Mouthpiece^c Microphone^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Telephone^c

TelephoneNumber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephoneNumber`
Description	A TelephoneNumber identifies a node (telephone) in some telephone system. It is sometimes used as a surrogate Identifier for people, but this node does not have that sense. We represent the TelephoneNumber as an AbstractString, and it will usually have formatting. Although it is called a 'number' and may be represented as a bare sequence of digits, it does not have the logical properties of typical numbers that represent quantities. It is not a subtype of 'Number'. The name of a TelephoneNumber can use the 'TEL' prefix, followed by the number itself, to make that number self-explanatory. The nation code should be followed by two underscore characters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone number' in WordNet: 1. (1) phone number, telephone number, number - (the number is used in calling a particular telephone; 'he has an unlisted number')
Super-classes	AddressString^c
Sub-classes	CellPhoneNumber^c
In domain of	hasTelnoType^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TEL1__908-561-3416

TelephonePathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephonePathSystem`
Description	A TelephonePathSystem is the system of paths within any telephone network (not necessarily the public switched telephone network). This is an abstract path system, not the physical connections; this is not a physical object.
Super-classes	FunctionalObject^c ArtifactObject^c PathSystem^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheWorldwideTelephoneSystem

TelephonePole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephonePole`
Description	A 'TelephonePole'' is a ''Post'' used to support telephone or telegraph wires, These days it may support other types of wire - e,g cable, `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone pole' in WordNet: 1. telephone pole, telegraph pole, telegraph post - (tall pole supporting telephone wires)`
Super-classes	PostStuckInGround^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c supports^op value TelephoneWire^c

TelephoneWire^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelephoneWire

Description

A ''TelephoneWire'' (an Object) designed ad used to transmit telephone or telegrah sgnals. Not the same as power transmitting wire.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone wire' in WordNet:
           1. (1) telephone wire, telephone line, telegraph wire, telegraph line - 
              (the wire that carries telegraph and telephone signals)

Super-classes ElectricalWire^c

Telephoner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telephoner`
Description	A ''Telephoner'' is a ''Person'' who initiates a ''TelephoneConversation'' by''Telephoning''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phoner' in WordNet: 1. caller, caller-up, phoner, telephoner - (the person initiating a telephone call; 'there were so many callers that he finally disconnected the telephone')`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Telephoning^c

Telephoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telephoning`
Description	''Telephoning'' is a subtype of''Calling'' in which one person initiates an ''"TelephoneConversation'' by dialing (in any way) the telephone (land line or cell). This includes both the transitive Action of an Agent making a phone call and the intransitive action of a phone call being initiated. These could be distinguished, but the WN glosses are ambiguos. This does not include non-oral exchanges such as email or texting. The Calling does not always succeed in initiating the conversation, but is still a Calling event. NOTE that this is a Communication, not a LinguisticCommunication, so a signing that intitiates a conversation is also a 'Calling'. This is the act that initiates a conversation; subsequent acts within a conversation are not instances of this type. This does not include 'calling on', as in visiting someone's house. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'telephone' in WordNet: 1. (12) call, telephone, call up, phone, ring - (get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone; 'I tried to call you all night'; 'Take two aspirin and call me in the morning') WN noun 'telephone call': 1. (2) call, phone call, telephone call - (a telephone connection; 'she reported several anonymous calls'; 'he placed a phone call to London'2; 'he heard the phone ringing but didn't want to take the call')
Super-classes	ContactingaPerson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Telephoner^c starts^op value TelephoneConversation^c usedDevice^op value Telephone^c

Teleprompter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Teleprompter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Teleprompter' in WordNet: 1. Teleprompter - (a prompter for television performers)`
Super-classes	PrompterDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value TelevisionProgram^c

Telescope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telescope`
Description	Device using lenses and/or mirrors to collect, amplify, focus, and magnify light waves from distant sources. `@ToDo: Distinguishing a 'telescope' from other magnifiers such as binoculars may take some effort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telescope' in Wordnet: 1. telescope, scope - (a magnifier of images of distant objects)`
Super-classes	LensedOpticalDevice^c SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual^c Device-SingleUser^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value EyeHole^c hasMannerOfUse^op value LookingInsideAnObject^c hasDesignFunction^op value Magnifying^c
Sub-classes	AstronomicalTelescope^c RefractingTelescope^c ReflectingTelescope^c

Telescoped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Telescoped

Description

The Object having this attribute has been the Object of an Event causing ''Shortening'' in spatial length or in time or in text content.

       Corresponds to sense 1 of adjective 'telescoped' in WordNet:
     1. telescoped, shortened - (shortened by or as if by means of parts
         that slide one within another or are crushed one into another;
         'a miracle that anyone survived in the telescoped cars'; 'years 
          that seemed telescoped like time in a dream')

Super-classes Shortened^c

Televised^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Televised`
Description
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Televising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Televising`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'televise' in Wordnet: 1. (3) telecast, televise - (broadcast via television; 'The Royal wedding was televised')`
Super-classes	Broadcasting^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Televised^c

TelevisionCamera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelevisionCamera`
Description	Not something one can carry in the pocket, but portable TV cameras (should be a subtype) can be carried around. NOTE: TV cameras can produce still images and electronic cameras can produce moving images,but a TV camera is designed to transmit signals in real time to the transmitting equipment. How to express that? The mode of usage may be the most easily distinguishing feature for a ''TelevisionCamera'' - specifically, the relation to ''TVBroadcasting''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'television camera' in WordNet: 1. (1) television camera, tv camera, camera - (television equipment consisting of a lens system that focuses an image on a photosensitive mosaic that is scanned by an electron beam)`
Super-classes	HumanSizedObject^c Camera^c ManufacturedGoods^c ElectronicDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value TVBroadcasting^c

TelevisionNewscaster^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelevisionNewscaster

Description

A ''TelevisionNewscaster'' is a person who reads and/or reports the news on a television news program.

        Corresponds to (male or female) noun sense 1 of 'television newscaster' in WordNet:
          1. television reporter, television newscaster, TV reporter, TV newsman - 
              (someone who reports news stories via television)

Super-classes Newscaster^c

TelevisionProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelevisionProgram`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'television program' in WordNet: 1. (2) television program, TV program, television show, TV show - (a program broadcast by television)`
Super-classes	BroadcastProgram^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value TVBroadcasting^c

TelevisionRemoteControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelevisionRemoteControl`
Description	A ''TelevisionRemoteControl'' is a ''RemoteControlDevice'' that controls a ''TelevisionSet''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remote control' in WordNet: 1. remote control, remote - (a device that can be used to control a machine or apparatus from a distance; 'he lost the remote for his TV')`
Super-classes	RemoteControlDevice^c
Restrictions	controls^op value TelevisionSet^c

TelevisionSet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelevisionSet

Description

The device used to receive and display television transmissions broadcast in radio frequencies.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'television' in WordNet:
       2. (2) television receiver, television, television set, tv, tv set, 
         idiot box, boob tube, telly, goggle box - (an electronic device
         that receives television signals and displays them on a screen;
         'the British call a tv set a telly')

Super-classes FrontAndBackSidedObject^c
ReceiverDevice^c
ManufacturedGoods^c
ElectronicDevice^c

TelevisonSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelevisonSeries`
Description	A ''TelevisonSeries'' is an ''EventGroup'' in which the elements are ''TelevisionProgram''. A continuing series may be televised over several years. The subtype ''MiniSeries'' will typically air for less than a year, snd may have as few as three episodes.
Super-classes	OrderedGroup^c EventSeries^c Sequence^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value TelevisionProgram^c
Sub-classes	MiniSeries^c

TellingaPun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TellingaPun`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pun' in WordNet: 1. pun - (make a play on words; 'Japanese like to pun-their language is well suited to punning')`
Super-classes	JokeTelling^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op some Joke^c

Tellurium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tellurium

Description

The element Tellurium, atomic number 52.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tellurium' in WordNet:
          1. tellurium, Te, atomic number 52 - 
             (a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to 
              selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; 
              occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold)

Super-classes NonMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

TelnoType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TelnoType`
Description	A TelnoType is a heterogeneous category represented by an AbstractString, used to specify the 'type' of telephone that is labeled by a particular telephone number. The type can vary with time, depending on to what individual or location the number is assigned. The most common types are residence, business, fax, cell, and unlisted. The string representation of each of these types should be prefixed by 'TELTYPE_'.
Super-classes	AbstractString^c
In range of	hasTelnoType^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TELTYPE_CELL http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TELTYPE_HOME http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TELTYPE_BUSINESS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TELTYPE_UNLISTED http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TELTYPE_FAX

Temperament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Temperament`
Description	A Person's ''Temperament' is a tendency (disposition) to exhibit particular moods. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temperament' in WordNet: 1. (1) disposition, temperament - (your usual mood; 'he has a happy disposition')`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Inwardness^c IllNature^c

Temperamental^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Temperamental`
Description	The difference between WN 'erratic' and WN 'temperamental' is unclear. This needs to be reviewe when ultiple instances are found in text. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'temperamental' in Wordnet: 3. erratic, temperamental - (likely to perform unpredictably; 'erratic winds are the bane of a sailor'; 'a temperamental motor; sometimes it would start and sometimes it wouldn't'; 'that beautiful but temperamental instrument the flute'- Osbert Lancaster)`
Super-classes	Unpredictable^c
Sub-classes	Moody^c

Temperate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Temperate

Description

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'temperate' in Wordnet:
        1. temperate - ((of weather or climate) free from extremes; mild; or characteristic 
        of such weather or climate; 'a temperate region'; 'the temperate zones'; 'temperate plants')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TemperateZone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemperateZone

Description

The ''TemperateZone'' is a ''LatitudinalZone'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' where temperatures tend not to go to extremes of heat or cold.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temperate zone' in WordNet:
        1. Temperate Zone - (the part of the Earth's surface between the Arctic Circle 
          and the Tropic of Cancer or between the Antarctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn;
          characterized by temperate climate)

Super-classes LatitudinalZone^c

Temperature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Temperature`
Description	'Temperature' is an AttributeType that characterizes the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a Physical Object. This is an AttributeType, not a measure: measures of Temperature are instances of 'TemperatureMeasure'. NOTE: in Cyc 'Temperature' is the measure, not the attribute type, so the usage of the term differs though the concepts are related. Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Temperature is an amount of heat in a particular instance of #$PartiallyTangible. An instance of #$Temperature may be either a fixed interval, such as 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (cf. #$UnitOfTemperature), or a range, such as #$HumanHabitableTemperature or #$TooHotToTouch. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temperature' in WordNet: 1. (211) temperature - (the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity))
Super-classes	PhysicalAttribute^c
Restrictions	takesValue^op value TemperatureMeasure^c
Sub-classes	FlashPoint^c

TemperatureChangingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemperatureChangingProcess`
Description	A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In each instance of #$TemperatureChangingProcess, the temperature of some object is changed. Specializations of #$TemperatureChangingProcess include the collections #$CookingFood and #$Freezing.
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c EnergyTransferEvent^c
Sub-classes	HeatingProcess^c CoolingProcess^c WarmingProcess^c

TemperatureIncrease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemperatureIncrease`
Description	Each ''TemperatureIncrease'' is an ''Increase'' in which the QuantitativeAttribute changed is the Temperature of some Object or Group of Objects (including quantities of substances) This is a ''Difference'' which is the quantitative measure of the increase, not the Event that causes the increase. The Even causing the increase is a ''HeatingProcess'' or some subtype of that. This has to be represented by the initial(first element) and final (second element) values of the ''TemperatureMeasure''. `Perhaps a simple change value could be used instead of the two values??`
Super-classes	Increase^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeType^op value Temperature^c hasSecondElement^op some TemperatureMeasure^c hasFirstElement^op some TemperatureMeasure^c isTheResultOf^op some HeatingProcess^c

TemperatureMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemperatureMeasure`
Description	Measures of temperature consist of a number and a scale of temperature (''CelsiusDegree'', ''FahrenheitDegree'', etc.). In scientific circles, the temperature of something is understood as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing. These measures are derived from a ''MeasuringTemperature'' Event.
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasRepresentation^op value TemperatureMeasurementResult^c isTheResultOf^op value MeasuringTemperature^c
Sub-classes	FahrenheitDegree^c AirTemperature^c CelsiusDegree^c KelvinDegree^c RankineDegree^c
In range of	hasFlashPoint^op hasBoilingPoint^op hasMeltingPoint^op hasTemperature^op atTemperature^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#T_0C http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#T_61p15C http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#T_100C

TemperatureMeasurementResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemperatureMeasurementResult`
Description	A ''TemperatureMeasurementResult'' is the information derived from a measurement of 'temperature' of some Object or substance. The information may be in abstract form or its physical representation. `Instances of this type can serve as the object of the relation ''hadInformationTransferred'' in any case where the value of a ''MeasurableQuantity'' (the information derived from a measurement) is to be conveyed to some place or Agent, e.g. during a ''WeatherForecast'' (which includes current weather).`
Super-classes	MeasurementResult^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op some TemperatureMeasure^c isProducedByEventType^op value MeasuringTemperature^c

TemperatureSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemperatureSituation`
Description	A ''TemperatureSituation'' is an ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that is characterized relative to the Temperature of the Air in some region of the Earth' surface, whether indoors or outdoors.
Super-classes	ImmediateWeatherProcess^c EnvironmentalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value Temperature^c hadMainParticipant^op value Air^c
Sub-classes	Chill^c Freeze^c

TemperingSteel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemperingSteel`
Description	'TemperingSteel'' is a form of hardening the surface layer of a Steel object (making it able to support more weight or resist bending under greater force or resist being ) by careful heating and cooling at a controlled rate. This type representes the state change in the object being tempered. The procedure that results in this change is represented by ''HeatingAndCoolingSomething''. This includes two type of tempering, which can be differentiated. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'temper' in WordNet: 2. temper, harden - (harden by reheating and cooling in oil; 'temper steel')`
Super-classes	Strengthening^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value HeatingAndCoolingSomething^c

Tempestuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tempestuous

Description

''Tempestuous'' is an attribute of the Wind and storms.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'tempestuous' in Wordnet:
        2. angry, furious, raging, tempestuous, wild - ((of the elements) 
           as if showing violent anger; 'angry clouds on the horizon';
           'furious winds'; 'the raging sea')

Super-classes Energetic^c

Tempestuously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tempestuously`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'furiously' in Wordnet: 1. (7) furiously - ((of the elements) in a wild and stormy manner; 'winds were blowing furiously')`
Super-classes	Vigorously^c
Restrictions	isMoreIntensiveThan^op value Vigorously^c

Template^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Template`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'template' in WordNet: 1. template, templet, guide - (a model or standard for making comparisons)`
Super-classes	GoodExample^c

TempleBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TempleBuilding`
Description	CYC: The collection of all religious temples: structures designed for worship, prayer or contemplation, of various faiths other than christian churches, muslim mosques and jewish synagogues (for example, Buddhist, pagan, or Hindu temples). For Christian places of worship, use 'ChurchBuilding'. For Mosques, use 'Mosque', for Jewish synagogues, use 'SynagogueBuilding'. `NOTE: in Roget's, the term 'temple' is generic, including Christian churches, but here it is more specific. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'temple' in WordNet: 1. (6) temple - (place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity)`
Super-classes	ReligiousBuilding^c
Sub-classes	BuddhistTemple^c Pagoda^c HinduTemple^c

Temporal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Temporal

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'temporal' in Wordnet:
      2. temporal - (of or relating to or limited by time; 'temporal processing';
      'temporal dimensions'; 'temporal and spacial boundaries'; 'music is a temporal art')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TemporalLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporalLocation`
Description	A TemporalLocation is a location for something - usually an Event - in the universal time line of our real world, or some alternative reality. It may be a time interval or a point in time. Instances of TemporalLocation may be represented by a DateTimeString , without being reified as an actual instance of this Type. This category includes the conceptual 'Datetime' Entity that is pointed to by the common relations like 'CREATION_DATETIME' that occur in databases. This entity is often represented by a built-in dataype of 'DateTime' or something similar. In COSMO, a DateTime is represented by subtpyes of DateTimeString, an AbstractString. A location in time can serve as a Context, which is anything that can affect the truth of a statement. In the real world, virtually every statement about real-world objects is true only in some particular time interval. RELATIVITY: Time is assumed in COSMO to be measured by some clock, which by default is the NIST atomic clock set, but can be specified as some other clock. Thus a time slice of a spatiotemporal region will be unambiguous, and observers moving relative to that clock, or relative to each other, need to adjust their interpretation according to the equations of relativity. In COSMO there is a superfluous subtype link of this entity to the most general 'Thing' so that 'time' will be exposed to viewers of this ontology at the highest level in Protege, for perspicuity.
Super-classes	SituationalContextComponent^c TemporalThing^c owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	CyclicTimeInterval^c TemporalRegion^c NeverEver^c RelativeTemporalLocation^c NearFuture^c
In range of	occurredInTimeInterval^op hasTimeInterval^op

TemporalLocationType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporalLocationType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a type of TimeInterval (temporal location) as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	TemporalThingType^c
Sub-classes	TimeIntervalType^c
Members	NeverEver CyclicTimeInterval CyclicTimeLoop TemporalLocation

TemporalOrder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporalOrder`
Description	This ''TemporalOrder''' is a ''RelativeTemporalLocation'' which describes whether an Event or TimeInterval is before or after another, or has some position a sequence of Times or Events.
Super-classes	RelativeTemporalLocation^c
Restrictions	isCorrelatedWith^op some (TemporalLocation^c or Event^c or EventType^c or TemporalLocationType^c)

TemporalRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporalRegion`
Description	''TemporalRegion'' is a BFO type that appears to be the union of ''TimeInterval'' and ''TimeIntervalGroup''. BFO 'TemporalRegion': BFO Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are temporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (temporal) location with temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is this region itself. Continuant [snap:Continuant] entities are not temporal entities in the technical sense just explained; they are related to time in a different way, not through temporal location but through a relation of existence at a time or during a period of time (see continuant [snap:Continuant]. BFO Comment: An instance of temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is a part of time. All parts of time are temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities and only temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are parts of time. Time is the entire extent of the temporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus a temporal region itself. BFO: Comment: Time and temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of time can be called \"absolutist\" or \"the container view\" in analogy to what is traditionally the case with space (see spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion]. BFO Definition ('TemporalRegion'): An occurrent that is part of time. BFO: Examples ('TemporalRegion'): the time it takes to run a marathon, the duration of a surgical procedure, the moment of death ****** NOTE on BFO 'TemporalRegion' ********************* COOSMO note: this is not a quantity of time, as the BFO example might suggest, but a location in time. 'ten minutes' is not an instance of 'TemporalLocation'. ****** NOTE on BFO 'TemporalRegion' *********************
Super-classes	TemporalLocation^c
Sub-classes	TimeIntervalGroup^c TimeInterval^c

TemporalRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporalRelation`
Description	The Class of temporal Relations. This Class includes notions of (temporal) topology of intervals, (temporal) schemata, and (temporal) extension.
Super-classes	Relation^c

TemporalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporalThing`
Description	An Entity that has a beginning point in time and an ending point in time. NOTE, however, that because beginning and ending times are not always known exactly, the domains of 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint' are in fact TimeInterval - one can specify an interval during which something started or ended its existence. The usage of this term in COSMO differs from the usage in OpenCyc, in that it does not include the general class of PhysicalObject as a subtype, though the two categories are not disjoint. A subtype of 'PhysicalObject' can also be a subtype of 'TemporalThing', as in certain subclasses of 'Role' that are subclasses of PhysicalObject. The purpose of the cyc concept appears to be to permit relating both PhysicalObjects and Events to their time location. In COSMO, that purpose can be served by the relation 'hasTemporalLocation' (which see) which has as its domain the union of Events and PhysicalObjects. and 'wasCreatedDuring' and 'wasDestroyedDuring', There is, however, a subtle issue in that the beginning and ending time of a 'TemporalThing' may be the same time, i.e. the instance may be an instantaneous time slice of a time-extended entity. Since in COSMO zero-interval extended entities are indistinguishable from point entities, this means that a '3-D' endurantist object can be an instance of 'TemporalThing' just as a HumanRole, a '4-D' perdurantist object can be an instance of the typically '3-D' Person. In OpenCyc a 'TemporalThing' is very generic, it is anything that has a beginning point in time (and presumably an ending point, though it may not be known for existing things). Thus physical objects, which must come into existence at some time (perhaps the beginning of time), as well as events, are 'TemporalThings'. In COSMO, TemporalThing is reserved for TimeIntervals and Events, and PhysicalObjects are not classified as subtypes of TemporalThing. The creation and destruction time of PhysicalObjects will use different relations. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all things that have temporal extent or location, i.e. things about which one might sensibly ask When? . #$TemporalThing thus contains many kinds of things, including events, physical objects, agreements, and abstract pieces of time. Note that #$TimePoint is a specialization of #$TemporalThing, since time points have temporal location, although they arguably lack temporal extent. Abstract things that are timeless - such as mathematical sets, attributes, and numbers - are of course _not_ instances of #$TemporalThing. NOTE that although every TemporalThing must have a starting and ending TimePont, that notion is not represented as an existential restriction so that it will not be necessary to explicitly represent the starting and ending times of intervals whose starting and ending times can be calculated from the name. This is a pragmatic and implementational, not a theoretical consideration.
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	hasStartingTimePoint^op only TimeInterval^c hasEndingTimePoint^op only TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	TrackOnGround^c Role^c TemporalLocation^c AgentInRole^c SituationProcessEventOrState^c TimeSlice^c
In domain of	wasPriorToNowByInterval^op

TemporalThingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporalThingType`
Description	a ''TemporalThingType'' is an owl:Class whose instances have a starting and ending time, including ''Event''s, ''Role''s, and ''TimeInterval''s.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	RoleType^c EventType^c TemporalLocationType^c

Temporarily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Temporarily

Description

''Temporarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the state or action modified is ''Temporary''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temporarily' in WordNet:
         1. (5) temporarily - (for a limited time only; not permanently;
            'he will work here temporarily'; 'he was brought out of retirement temporarily';
            'a power failure temporarily darkened the town')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Temporary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Temporary`
Description	''Temporary'' is an attribute that specifies that some thing (state or object) can or is likely to stop or become inactive or inoperable or cease to exist after some (relatively, contextually) short interval of time. usually this is for something intended to be temporary, so its relation to 'brief' is not parent/subtype. `For 'temporary employment' this can be used to refer to a single interval of employment, but not to multiple instances. That would be a Group. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'temporary' in WordNet: 1. (6) impermanent, temporary - (not permanent; not lasting; 'politics is an impermanent factor of life'- James Thurber; 'impermanent palm cottages'; 'a temporary arrangement'; 'temporary housing')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Interim^c

TemporaryChangeOfUserRights^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporaryChangeOfUserRights`
Description	A specialization of both #$ChangeInUserRights and #$Transaction. In each instance of #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights, one agent temporarily gives up user rights (see #$UserRightsAttribute) over some object to another agent. Note that the agent who gives up user rights over the object does so voluntarily. Notable specializations of #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights include #$Renting and #$BorrowingSomething.
Super-classes	ChangeInUserRights^c Transaction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c
Sub-classes	Renting^c Sharing^c

TemporaryLodgings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporaryLodgings`
Description	Any HumanShelterConstruction where one or more people sleep temporarily, but not for an extended period, and that is not a permanent residence. This includes but is not restricted to lodgings provided for a fee. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'lodgings' and sense 4 of 'accommodation' in WordNet: 1. (2) diggings, digs, domiciliation, lodgings, pad - (temporary living quarters) WN noun 'accommodation': 4. accommodation - (living quarters provided for public convenience; 'overnight accommodations are available')`
Super-classes	Lodging^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c
Sub-classes	HotelSuite^c RentedRoom^c CrashPad^c ErectedTent^c

TemporaryPosition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporaryPosition`
Description	A ''TemporaryPosition'' is a ''JobSituation'' that is scheduled to end at some time point nit long after it begins - usually less than one year, unless renewed.
Super-classes	JobSituation^c
Restrictions	hadEmployee^op some TemporaryWorker^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c
Sub-classes	Internship^c

TemporaryResidenceUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporaryResidenceUnit`
Description	A TemporaryResidenceUnit is any room or suite of rooms, whether in a fixed construction or on a vehicle such as a ship, that is built with the intention to be used as a temporary residence, with at a minimum some sleeping arrangeent, by humans. This includes rooms in hotels, motels, or rented rooms in private residences, space in a dormitory, barracks, tent, mobile home, etc. `For dwelling units designed as permanent residences, see 'SingleResidenceUnit'. The ''Tepee'' of a Native American is not included here, though it is designed to be easily moved, it is intended to serve as the permanent residence of its occupants. Apartments are excluded, though they may be considered in some sense 'temporary' they are not necessarily any more temporary than a single-family home.`
Super-classes	SpaceInAHOC^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c

TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent`
Description	A TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent is a RoleCreatedByEvent that does not necessarily continue indefinitely, but may terminate at some time; the same role may be then filled by another Object or be vacant. Examples are the Role of Employee of some company (created by a HiringEvent), and the Role of CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit - the unit may continue to exist long after the Commander has died. `This Role type is not necessarily human, See 'PetAnimal'`
Super-classes	RoleCreatedByEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Temporary^c
Sub-classes	Skater^c Representative^c Employer^c CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit^c Commander^c Delegation^c Student^c Electee^c Lawmaker^c Employee^c Delegate^c MilitaryLeader^c

TemporaryWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporaryWorker`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temporary worker' in WordNet: 1. temp, temporary, temporary worker - (a worker (especially in an office) hired on a temporary basis)`
Super-classes	Worker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value TemporaryPosition^c

Tempting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tempting`
Description	'Tempting' is an attribute characterizing a thing (object or Event) that causes a more intensive feeing of Desire than just the parent ''Enticing''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tempting' in Wordnet: 2. tantalizing, tantalising, tempting - (very pleasantly inviting; 'a tantalizing aroma'; 'a tempting repast')`
Super-classes	Enticing^c
Sub-classes	Tantalizing^c Irresistible^c Inviting^c

TemptingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemptingEvent`
Description	''TemptingEvent'' is a ''StimulatingaFeeling'' Event stimlated by perception of a ''AttractiveThing'', where the Feeling is a ''Desire'' for something that requires Action (e.g. buying) on the part of the Person tempted. NOTE: a 'temptation' may be something performed by a Person - in that interpretation, it would be a subtype of this. Add? NOTE2: this is difficult to distinguish from 'entice', so that is included Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'tempt' in WordNet: 1. (4) tempt, allure - (dispose or incline or entice to; 'We were tempted by the delicious-looking food') 3. (1) tempt, invite - (give rise to a desire by being attractive or inviting; 'the window displays tempted the shoppers') WN noun 'temptation': 3. enticement, temptation - (the act of influencing by exciting hope or desire; 'his enticements were shameless') WN verb 'entice': 1. (1) entice, lure, tempt - (provoke someone to do something through (often false or exaggerated) promises or persuasion; "He lured me into temptation") 'his enticements were shameless')
Super-classes	StimulatingaFeeling^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some AttractiveThing^c causes^op some Desire^c mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute^op some Enticing^c
Sub-classes	EnticingAction^c Seduction^c Seducing^c TantalizingAction^c

Ten-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ten-Year-Old`
Description	''Ten-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are ten years old, i.e. were created or born ten years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

TenKaratGold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenKaratGold`
Description	TenKaratGold is a Substance that is commonly referred to as 'gold', although has less than 50% Gold by weight; 10 karat gold,which has only 10 parts per 24 (41.7%) Gold is still referred to as 'gold' in jewelry.
Super-classes	FractionalComponentSubstance^c Gold^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Gold0.4167^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Copper^c

TenYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenYears^c

TenYearPlan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenYearPlan`
Description	A ''TenYearPlan'' is a ''Plan'' for Actions that includes Actions for ten years.
Super-classes	Plan^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value NextTenYears^c

Tenant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tenant`
Description	A ''LegalAgent'' (individual or Organization) who has performed the Action of ''RentingSpaceInaHOC'' and therefore initiates a state of ''Possession'' of that space. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tenant' in WordNet: 1. (4) tenant, renter - (someone who pays rent to use land or a building or a car that is owned by someone else; 'the landlord can evict a tenant who doesn't pay the rent')`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RentingSpaceInaHOC^c

Tendency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tendency`
Description	COSMO note: 'Tendency' is an AttributeValue that specifies how objects (or Groups of Objects) will normally behave over some interval of time, in certain circumstances. This includes the subtype ''Disposition'' which is more specific for the tenedency of an ''IntentionalAgent'' to behave in certain ways. This type may be used to represent some aspect of a Law of Nature (see subtype 'QuantitativeTendency'). An instance of 'Tendency' can be complex, including multiple possible ways an object may behave, depending on different situations or stimuli. This is an AttributeValue of Objects or Substances that behave according to physical laws, and not a conscious disposition to act that is observed in Animals. The animal disposition to act in specific ways is represented by the type 'BehavioralDisposition', and its subtypes, and is not an AttributeType, but a mental state (a subtype of MentalEvent). This distinction reflects the fact that a 'tendency' of inanimate things to undergo natural processes (e.g. decomposition) arises from different kinds of causes than dispositions to behave in some specific way. See also ''BehavioralDisposition'' for a closely related type that is an ''AttributeValue''. Relation?? For the specific tendency of humans to behave in certain ways, the term ''Proclivity'' can be used but ''Tendency'' includes human behaviors. The differences in the was the terms are applied to people are variable and subtle. NOTE: In BFO this Type is called 'Disposition' but the term 'Tendency' is used here in COSMO, as 'disposition' is used as a term to label tendencies of animals (especially humans), and is a synonym of the subtype ''PersonTraitValue'' (which see). The general concept of ''Tendency'' including tendencies of inanimate objects as well as animate ones has the synonyms of ''PersonTraitValue'' included as included potential linguistic labels. Note that sense 4 of 'disposition' in Wordnet include 'things' as well as people, whereas sense 3 of 'disposition' is for people. This general type includes both meanings, and subsumes the more specific animal tendencies in the subtype ''PersonTraitValue''. This high-level category is very general and at present includes the meanings of verb 'to tend' as well as the attribute 'tendency'. @ToDo: distinguish between a Tendency (attribute) and having a Tendency?? Specializations of 'Tendency' can be attributes of inanimate objects or of animate objects, and can point to simple physical behavior, such as the tendency of heavier-than-air objects to fall to the Earth, or of chemical behavior, such as the tendency of organic materials to decompose, or of animal and human behavior, such as the tendency of animnals to get hungry over time, the tendency of geographical features (e.g. mountains) to stay where they are for a very long time. The properties referenced by a Tendency may also be implied in other relations (such as the laws of physics, chemistry and biology), but the 'Tendency' Type is useful to provide a cumulative aggregated description of the significant behaviors of objects that are likely to affect the course of events in some real-world situation. In a way, assigning a Tendency to an Object can help in resolving the 'Frame Problem', which reflects the inability to predict with accuracy how conditions may change over time. If Tendencies are assigned with realistic probabilities, then the state of a system at some time in the future will be more accurately predictable than in the absence of such knowledge. For most problems that have been modeled in computer systems, the model has been simplified to make it tractable, but to deal with real-world situations, the complexity of reality must be represented in some way. This category of 'Tendency' is one tool with with to do so. 'Tendency' is an AttributeValue, rather than an AttributeType. Thus the tendency ('OrganicDecomposition') of organic tissue that is no longer part of an organism to decompose (due to chemical, biochemical, and bactrial processes) would be one subtype of 'Tendency'. It would be an Attribute of tissues, and would be one of several AttributeValues that are values for the AttributeType 'Stability'. There is some relation between tendencies and QualitativeAttributes, so Tendency subtypes may be deisngated as instances of QualitativeAttributeType, and be used with the 'hasQualitativeAttribute' relation, as well as the 'hasTendency' relation. The implications of either relation should be the same, when a FOL representation is implemented. BFO Definition of 'Disposition': A realizable entity that always or with a significant degree of regularity initiates a process or transformation in the independent continuant it is a disposition of, under specific circumstances. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object) has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C. BFO Examples: the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of a vase to break if dropped, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease. Corresponds to noun senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'tendency' in WordNet: WN 'tendency': 1. (11) inclination, disposition, tendency - (an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; 'he had an inclination to give up too easily'; 'a tendency to be too strict') 2. (6) leaning, propensity, tendency - (an inclination to do something; 'he felt leanings toward frivolity') 3. (6) tendency, inclination - (a characteristic likelihood of or natural disposition toward a certain condition or character or effect; 'the alkaline inclination of the local waters'; 'fabric with a tendency to shrink') WN 'disposition': 4. disposition - (a natural or acquired habit or characteristic tendency in a person or thing; 'a swelling with a disposition to rupture') WN 'predisposition': 3. predisposition - (a disposition in advance to react in a particular way)
Super-classes	RealizableEntity^c AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Volatile^c ShapeChangeTendency^c PersonTraitValue^c QuantitativeTendency^c Unstable^c Steady^c
In domain of	hasLikelyActionOrChange^op hasSituation^op

TendencyToDroop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TendencyToDroop`
Description	A TendencyToDroop is the characteristic Tendency of objects that are 'Limp', in that, when held by one edge or end so that that end is pointed horizontally, the remainder of the object will curve downward toward the Earth (near the Earth's surface). Some stiffness of a 'Limp' object (such as a piece of paper) may cause the direction of a 'droop' to increase only gradually over some distance from the fixed anchor point, until it reaches the final direct-downward direction. A very limp string will point downward at a short distance (millimeters) from the anchor point. This tendency will depend not only on the substance composition of an object, but of its shape and size, and the manner in which it is anchored to a fixed holding point; a piece of paper may droop if held out flat by one edge, but may not droop at all if curled up..
Super-classes	ShapeChangeTendency^c

TendencyType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TendencyType`
Description	TendencyType is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Tendency as one of their arguments. This metaclass is of importance in predicting behaviors over time, and may require probability assignments; therefore it is considered distinct and not a subtype of 'QualitativeAttributeType'..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	PersonalityType^c
In range of	hasTendency^op
Members	TendencyToDroop Inert Unsteady ChemicallyReactive Stagnating Reactive Stable Tendency Unstable PersistingForHours Static Perishable PhysicallyInsecure Volatile Steady QuantitativeTendency SecureAndStable ShapeChangeTendency StubbornStreak

Tender^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tender`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing 'Tenderness' (for someone). This is a subtype of 'Friendly' and may be a temporary - even fleeting - attribute. For the attirubte expressing a more lasting similar feeling, use 'Fond' Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 4 of 'tender' (hard to tell apart), sense 2 of 'caring',and sense 1 of 'affectionate' in WordNet: 1. (2) tender - (given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality; 'a tender heart'; 'a tender smile'; 'tender loving care'; 'tender memories'; 'a tender mother') 4. (2) affectionate, caring, fond, lovesome, tender, warm - (having or displaying warmth or affection; 'affectionate children'; 'caring parents'; 'a fond embrace'; 'fond of his nephew'; 'a tender glance'; 'a warm embrace')
Super-classes	Friendly^c
Sub-classes	Fond^c

Tender-Food^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tender-Food`
Description	''Tender-Food'' is an attribute of food that can be cut or chewed easily by an animal. `Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'tender' in Wordnet: 5. (1) tender - (easy to cut or chew; 'tender beef')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value EatingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Crispy^c

TenderObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenderObject`
Description	An instance of #$ExistingObjectType, and a specialization of #$LiquidAsset. Each instance of #$TenderObject is an object widely accepted as a means of payment for goods and services, and can thus play the role of #$objectTendered in instances of #$MoneyTransfer. Important specializations of #$TenderObject include #$Currency, #$CreditCard, and #$Check-TenderObject. `NOT 'legal tender' : (tender, legal tender). For that use ''CurrencyObject''. NOTE also that a 'Ticket' is a TenderObject in Cyc, apparently because it can be redeemed for something valuable. In COSMO we also include Token (as in subway token)`
Super-classes	Valuable-PersonalPossession^c HumanAccessibleIBO^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Informational^c
Sub-classes	Token^c PersonalCheck^c Ticket^c Postage^c FinancialAccountTenderObject^c Coupon^c PostageStamp^c CurrencyObject^c

TenderloinOfBeef^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenderloinOfBeef`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tenderloin' in WordNet: 2. tenderloin, undercut - (the tender meat of the loin muscle on each side of the vertebral column)`
Super-classes	Beef^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Loin^c

TendingBar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TendingBar`
Description	''TendingBar'' is an Action performed by a ''Bartender'' whether ad hoc or professional, who serves alcoholic beverages to people who come to a 'bar' (a ''Counter'' where alcoholic beverages are stored along with mixers and glasses and other materials to mix into or garnish the drinks) `RHW 'bartend': to serve or work as a bartender.`
Super-classes	ServingFoodOrDrink^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value BarTender^c hadObjectTended^op value DrinkBar^c

Tendon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tendon`
Description	Connecting tissue between muscle and bone. `SUMO: Tissue that connects Muscle to Bone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tendon' in Wordnet: 1. (3) tendon, sinew - (a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ConnectiveTissue^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Sub-classes	Hamstrings^c

Tenement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tenement`
Description	A ''Tenement'' is an ''ApartmentBuilding'' that is not in a good state of repair, and is usually in a low-income district of a City. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tenement' in WordNet: 1. (4) tenement, tenement house - (a rundown apartment house barely meeting minimal standards)`
Super-classes	ResidentialBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dilapidated^c

Tenet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tenet`
Description	NOTE: according to the RHW definition this is a belief that is not necessarily religious, but is held by some GroupOfPeople, including professional groups. Not clear how it becomes accepted. This type includes both religious and non-religious interpretations, which could be dissociated. `The term 'dogma' is also used metaphorically to refer to any 'belief' that is considered authoritative and mandatory for adherents of any ideological group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tenet' in WordNet: 1. (1) dogma, tenet - (a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof) WN noun 'dogma': 2. dogma - (a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative; 'he believed all the Marxist dogma')`
Super-classes	ReligiousDoctrine^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value AcceptedAsTrue^c

Tennis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tennis

Description

Played on a TennisCourt and uses a TennisBall. For that relation, see 'TennisGame'.

      WordNet makes no distinction between the game as a specification
      and the execution.  We use the same sense of 'tennis' for both meanings.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennnis' in WordNet:
        1. (1) tennis, lawn tennis - (a game played with rackets by 
           two or four players who hit a ball back and forth over a net 
           that divides the court)

Super-classes BallSport^c

TennisBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TennisBall`
Description	The ball used in a TennisGame.
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Ball^c SphericalObject^c ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c GameArtifact^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value TennisGame^c

TennisCourt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TennisCourt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennis court' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tennis court - (the court on which tennis is played)`
Super-classes	GameCourt^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value TennisGame^c

TennisCourtBaseline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TennisCourtBaseline`
Description	Each ''TennisCourt'' is one of two ''SportsFieldLine''s located at the two ends of the ''TennisCourt''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'baseline' in WordNet: 2. service line, baseline - (the back line bounding each end of a tennis or handball court; when serving the server must not step over this line)`
Super-classes	SportsFieldLine^c AthleticFieldPart^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value TennisCourt^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value TennisCourt^c

TennisGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TennisGame`
Description	The Action that is an execution of the game 'tennis'. `WordNet makes no distinction between the game as a specification and the execution. We use the same WN sense of 'tennis' for both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennnis' in WordNet: 1. (1) tennis, lawn tennis - (a game played with rackets by two or four players who hit a ball back and forth over a net that divides the court)`
Super-classes	FieldSportsEvent^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value TennisRacquet^c requiredInstrument^op value TennisBall^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Tennis^c hasSubEvent^op value TennisStroke^c isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value TennisCourt^c

TennisRacquet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TennisRacquet`
Description	A ''TennisRacquet'' is ''Racquet'' designed to be used in a''TennisGame''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennis racket' in WordNet: 1. (1) tennis racket, tennis racquet - (a racket used to play tennis)`
Super-classes	Racquet^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value TennisStroke^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value TennisGame^c

TennisStroke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TennisStroke`
Description	Each ''TennisStroke'' is a 'StrokingAtaBall' This is The action of swinging a ''TennisRacquet'' to hit a ''TennisBall''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennis stroke' in WordNet: 1. tennis stroke, tennis shot - (the act of hitting a tennis ball with a tennis racket)`
Super-classes	StrokingAtaBall^c
Restrictions	hasAttemptedAction^op value PropellingaBall^c usesDeviceType^op value TennisRacquet^c
Sub-classes	LobbingaTennisBall^c

Tenor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tenor`
Description	A ''Tenor'' is a ''Singer'' who produces a ''TenorVoice'' while ''Singing''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tenor' in WordNet: 3. tenor - (an adult male with a tenor voice)`
Super-classes	Singer^c
Restrictions	canCreate^op value TenorVoice^c

TenorVoice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenorVoice`
Description	A ''TenorVoice'' is a ''SingingVoice'' produced by a ''Tenor'' singing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tenor voice' in WordNet: 1. tenor, tenor voice - (the adult male singing voice above baritone)`
Super-classes	SingingVoice^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Tenor^c isCausedBy^op value Singing-Human^c

Tense^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tense

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing 'Tenseness'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tense' in WordNet:
         1. tense - (in or of a state of physical or nervous tension)

Super-classes FeelingAttribute^c

Tenseness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tenseness

Description

A feeling of psychological discomfort

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tenseness' in WordNet:
          2. tension, tenseness, stress - ((psychology) a state of mental
             or emotional strain or suspense; 'he suffered from fatigue
             and emotional tension'; 'stress is a vasoconstrictor')

Super-classes Feeling^c

TensileStrength^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TensileStrength

Description

This is an AttributeType. The AttributeValues that instantiate this type have not yet (r885) been created.

    CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity.  Each
        instance of #$TensileStrength describes a specific capacity
        of a physical object to withstand a force pulling it apart.
        The higher the tensile strength of the object, the higher
        the force required to pull the object apart.  Different
        tensile strengths may be represented using a
        #$GenericValueFunction.  Tensile strengths of objects are
        indicated with the predicate #$tensileStrengthOfSubstance.

Super-classes Strength^c

Tension^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tension`
Description	''Tension'' is an ''ObjectCondition'' of SolidObjects that have forces applied to oposite ends puling them in opposite directions. For metallic objects such as a wire it can produce a negative pressure inside. This is the normal state for wires or ropes or strings that suspend objects in a gravitational field. `@ToDo: Contrasts with 'compression'. How to state that relation? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tension' in WordNet: 3. (35) tension, tensity, tenseness, tautness - (the physical condition of being stretched or strained; 'it places great tension on the leg muscles'; 'he could feel the tenseness of her body')`
Super-classes	PhysicalSituation^c ObjectCondition^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some SolidObject^c hasSubEvent^op some PullingOnAnObject^c

Tent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tent`
Description	NOTE that in COSMO a 'Tent' is a Tent even when it is folded up, in storage or transportation, and not deployed; therefore it is only a 'HumanShelterConstruction' when deployed. This type includes bith the collapsed (folded0 and erected types of 'tent' and we create a subtype 'ErectedTent' to be the erected shelter construction and have the prototypical characteristics of a tent in place. Every Tent must have a part which is a FreeSheet made of Fabric, and some rigid objects that aserve as the framework. The linguistic word 'tent' is ambiguous between the physical object and the structure created from it. In this classification, a piece of canvas suspended from a line between two trees is not a 'Tent' because it does not have some rigid supporting frame as part. NOTE that a ''Tent'' is not necessarily a place to reside overnight, it can be one placed anywhere to shelter people outside of a ''Building'', as at gatherings on a lawn. CYC 'TentTheShelter': A portable shelter made of canvas, cloth, etc. stretched over poles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tent' in WordNet: 1. (17) tent, collapsible shelter - (a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs); 'he pitched his tent near the creek')
Super-classes	PortableObject^c SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c HumanScaleObject^c Device^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op some FabricObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Portable^c hasPhysicalPart^op some Pole^c
Sub-classes	Tepee^c ErectedTent^c BackpackingTent^c CanvasTent^c PavilionTent^c

TentCeiling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TentCeiling`
Description	The top part of an ErectedTent, made of a 'FabricObject'.
Super-classes	FabricObject^c Ceiling^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op some ErectedTent^c

Tentacle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tentacle

Description

A flexible, boneless arm-like appendage which sometimes has suction cups, and sometimes occurs on invertebrates.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tentacle' in WordNet:
         2. tentacle - (any of various elongated tactile or prehensile
            flexible organs that occur on the head or near the mouth in many animals;
            used for feeling or grasping or locomotion)

Super-classes HolderGripper^c
Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c

Tentatively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tentatively`
Description	''Tentatively'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'tentatively' in Wordnet: 1. (3) tentatively - (in a tentative manner; 'we agreed tentatively on a dinner date')
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Tenuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tenuous

Description

''Tenuous'' and its synonyms 'slight', 'flimsy' and 'thin' are used to characterize many different types of thing, but are not used to characterize PhysicalObjects. 'unconvincing' could be a synonym for some uses.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tenuous' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) flimsy, slight, tenuous, thin - (having little substance or significance; 
              'a flimsy excuse'; 'slight evidence'; 'a tenuous argument'; 'a thin plot')

Super-classes Weak^c
IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Tepee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tepee`
Description	This sense of ''Tepee'' represents the conical 'tepee' used by plains Indians as a portable dwelling place. The sides are typically made from animal hides. Non-conical AmericanIndian dwellings are represented by the parent type ''IndianLodge'' or the type called a ''Wigwam''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tepee' in WordNet: 1. tepee, tipi, teepee - (a native American tent; usually of conical shape)`
Super-classes	Tent^c IndianLodge^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value AmericanIndian^c hasShape^op value Conical^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Residing^c hasComponentPart^op value Hide^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value AmericanIndian^c

Tequila^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tequila

Description

CYC: A hard liquor from #$Mexico

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tequila' in WordNet:
         1. tequila - (Mexican liquor made from fermented juices of an agave plant)

Super-classes Distillate^c
Liquor^c

Terbium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terbium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of terbium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terbium' in WordNet:
          1. terbium, Tb, atomic number 65 - (a metallic element 
            of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite 
            and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
RareEarthElement^c

Term^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Term`
Description	A 'Term' is one or more 'Word's that function as a tight unit to designate a specific concept. A 'Term' may or may not be a part of a human language; it may be a simple symbol created ad hoc explicitly as part of some logical or mathematical construction. For 'Terms' that have meaning in a human language, use 'Word'. A 'Term' may have one unbroken word, or may contain two or more Words that function as a unit to designate some concept. This type should be used to represent symbol strings that are not part of a natural language, but are constructed as part of a mathematical or logical structure. This includes senses 1, 4, and 5 of 'term' in WordNet: 1. (307) term - (a word or expression used for some particular thing; 'he learned many medical terms') 4. (23) term - (any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; 'the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree') 5. (7) term - (one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition; 'the major term of a syllogism must occur twice')
Super-classes	AbstractString^c Designator^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c
Sub-classes	Word^c

TermOfAnActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TermOfAnActivity`
Description	''TermOfAnActivity''is the ''TimeInterval'' during which some ''HumanActivity'' of limited duration occurs. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'term' in WordNet: 2. (216) term - (a limited period of time; 'a prison term'; 'he left school before the end of term')`
Super-classes	EventIndexedTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasEvent^op some HumanActivity^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Limited^c
Sub-classes	TermOfOffice^c GestationPeriod^c

TermOfOffice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TermOfOffice`
Description	The period of time during which some ''Incumbent'' holds an Office. Very general, for any formal ''Position'', such as a ''EmploymentPosition'', not just for officers.. This is typically limited in time, by fixed''TimeInterval''s or by some rule that ends the ''Position'' (e.g. 'during good behavior'). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incumbency' in WordNet: 1. tenure, term of office, incumbency - (the term during which some position is held)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TermOfAnActivity^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Incumbent^c hasTemporalPart^op value Midterm^c hasEvent^op value Position^c
Sub-classes	Reign^c

TerminalIllness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerminalIllness`
Description	''TerminalIllness'' is a ''Disease'' that causes is highly likely to cause ''Death''. Occasionally a Person has a 'miracle cure' and avoids dying. A Person with a ''TerminalIllness'' is usually expected to die within a year or less. This is not necessarily so close to ''Death'' that it would be considered as a ''DyingProcess''. `Not the same as a ''FinalLifeStage'', which may not be an illness at all.`
Super-classes	AnimalDisease^c
Restrictions	hasEndingSubEvent^op value Death^c

TerminalVelocity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerminalVelocity`
Description	A ''TerminalVelocity'' is the ''LimitingValue'' for the ''RateOfDescent'' of some ''PhysicalObject'' falling in the atmosphere, limited by the forces of resistance caused by aerodynamic effects of bodies moving in the air (or any other fluid medium on other planets). This velocity is the velocity at which the ''AerodynamicResistance'' of the falling object equals the gravitational force on the object. The gravitational force is constant regardless of speed, but the ''AerodynamicResistance'' increases until the speed equals the gravitational force, that speed being the ''TerminalVelocity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terminal velocity' in WordNet: 1. (1) terminal velocity - (the constant maximum velocity reached by a body falling through the atmosphere under the attraction of gravity)
Super-classes	LimitingValue^c RateOfDescent^c
Restrictions	isaLimitOnAttributeType^op value Speed^c isaLimitOnAttributeType^op value RateOfDescent^c isaMeasureOf^op value Falling-Freefall^c

Terminally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terminally

Description

''Terminally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective to assert that is refers to a 'final' or 'terminal' or 'last' part or phase of an Action. 'terminally ill' means that the illness is likely to result in death soon.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'terminally' in Wordnet:
         1. terminally - (at the end; 'terminally ill')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

TerminatingEmploymentAtOrganization^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerminatingEmploymentAtOrganization

Description

COSMO note: this Cyc type was namded 'EmploymentTermination', but it seems to be specific for ending emoployment at an ORganization. The term EmploymentTermination is used in COSMO for terminating employment of any kind, for any reason. The Cyc type is renamed and made a subtype of the more general type.

    Cyc: A specialization of both #$EndingAnAgreement and
        #$OrganizationalTransferOut.  Each instance of
        #$EmploymentTermination is an event in which some employee
        (an instance of #$IntelligentAgent) ceases to work for his
        or her employer.  The termination may be initiated by either
        party, or it may have been specified in the original
        #$WorkAgreement (q.v.) that specified the terms of the
        employment.  Specializations of #$EmploymentTermination
        include #$Resigning, #$EmployeeLayoff,
        #$DischargeWithPrejudice, and #$RetirementEvent.

Super-classes EmploymentTermination^c
LeavingAnOrganization^c

Terminology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terminology`
Description	Each ''Terminology'' is a Group of at least two ''Word''s that are used in some Language, including some specialized subset of a full ''Language''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terminology' in WordNet: 1. (2) terminology, nomenclature, language - (a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline; 'legal terminology'; 'biological nomenclature'; 'the language of sociology')`
Super-classes	Vocabulary^c
Restrictions	isUsedInLanguage^op only Word^c hasComponentElement^op only Word^c
Sub-classes	Jargon^c

Termite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Termite`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'termite' in WordNet: 1. termite, white ant - (whitish soft-bodied ant-like social insect that feeds on wood)`
Super-classes	Xylophage^c Vermin^c
Restrictions	canDamage^op value WoodenBeam^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Destructive^c feedsOn^op value Wood^c

Terms^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terms

Description

''Terms'' is a ''Status''of a Person ranging from friendship to dislike or distrust with respect to other individual people or groups of People.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terms' in WordNet:
           1. (2) footing, terms - (status with respect to the relations between people or groups;
           'on good terms with her in-laws'; 'on a friendly footing')

Super-classes Status^c

Tern^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tern

Description

Shore bird.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tern' in WordNet:
         1. tern - (small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail)

Super-classes Larid^c
ShoreBird^c
Scavenger^c

TernaryRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TernaryRelation`
Description	TernaryRelations relate three items. The two subclasses of TernaryRelation are TernaryPredicate and BinaryFunction.
Super-classes	Relation^c

Terrace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrace

Description

A human-made flat portion of the ground that is elevated somewhat. It has sloping or vertical sides.

        A serie of ''Terrace''s may be  created to permit agriculture on sloping ground, and to avoid
          erosion by rainwater.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'terrace' in WordNet:
          2. terrace, bench - (a level shelf of land interrupting a declivity 
             (with steep slopes above and below))

Super-classes ArtifactObject^c
Artifact-NonAgentive^c
LandTopographicalFeature^c
Ground^c

Terrain^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrain

Description

A ''Terrain'' is a ''Tract' of land that is large enough that it can take some time to cross, and is categorized by surface features, such as hilly, mountainous, water barriers, that emphasize the ease or difficulty of traversing the land or using it for some purpose.

      In effect,land from the perspective of how easily it can be used for a purpose

      RHW 'terrain' sense 1:
        1. a tract of land, esp. as considered with reference
            to its natural features, military advantages, etc.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrain' in WordNet:
           1. (2) terrain - (a piece of ground having specific 
             characteristics or military potential; 
             'they decided to attack across the rocky terrain')

Super-classes Tract^c

TerrainLowGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerrainLowGround`
Description	A military term and an instance of #$TerrainTypeBySurfaceLevel. The central feature point of low ground terrain is typically (though not necessarily) lower in altitude than the surrounding terrain. Instances of #$TerrainLowGround are #$Places that require one to traverse a negative slope in order to reach the central feature point. From a tactical standpoint, it is typically assumed that instances of #$TerrainLowGround impede observation.
Super-classes	Place^c
Sub-classes	Valley^c

Terrene^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrene`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'terrene' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tellurian, telluric, terrestrial, terrene - (of or relating to or inhabiting the land as opposed to the sea or air)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Terrestrial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrestrial

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'terrestrial' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) planetary, terrestrial - (of or relating to or characteristic of the planet Earth 
            or its inhabitants; 'planetary rumblings and eructations'- L.C.Eiseley ; 
            'the planetary tilt'; 'this terrestrial ball')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TerrestrialOrganism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerrestrialOrganism`
Description	A specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$TerrestrialOrganism is an organism adapted to life on land, out of water. Instances of #$TerrestrialOrganism spend all or most of their time out of the water, either on the land surface or under it. Specializations of #$TerrestrialOrganism include #$Dog, #$Bird, and #$Person.
Super-classes	Organism^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value LandArea^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value InhabitingTheLand^c
Sub-classes	Bat^c InsectivorousMammal^c Canine^c Feline^c Tortoise^c HempPlant^c Plant-Woody^c Primate^c DesertPlant^c Ox^c Vine^c Cockroach^c VascularPlant^c Shrew^c Bird^c Legume-ThePlant^c Arachnid^c Fern^c Ruminant^c Thysanuron^c SucculentPlant^c Vampire^c MarijuanaPlant^c EquineAnimal^c

Terrible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrible`
Description	'Terrible' is used to mean 'frightening, horrific' and 'really bad, abominably bad'. The latter is repreented as 'Abominable'. A higher of intensity of 'Unpleasant' than 'Awful', including the attribute that means that something is not only unpleasant, but also causes fear (or fright or dread), and is worse than just 'Bad'; causing fear of substantial damage to something valuable (even if valuable to others) would qualify, not necessarily only fear for one's life. NOTE: the word 'terrible' may be used in an exaggerated manner, for things that are not really that bad; auch rhetorical use needs to be recognized by a linguistic analyzer and should not cause the use of this attribute, which is for things that are truly very bad, unpleasant, and causing fear. This corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'terrible' and sense 1 of 'frightening' and sense 1 of 'dreadful' and parts of senses 1 and 3 of 'awful' and 1 and 2 of 'terrible' in in WordNet: WN 'terrible' 1. (11) awful, dire, direful, dread, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, horrific, terrible - (causing fear or dread or terror; 'the awful war'; 'an awful risk'; 'dire news'; 'a career or vengeance so direful that London was shocked'; 'the dread presence of the headmaster'; 'polio is no longer the dreaded disease it once was'; 'a dreadful storm'; 'a fearful howling'; 'horrendous explosions shook the city'; 'a terrible curse')
Super-classes	Awful^c VeryBad^c
Sub-classes	Abominable^c

Terrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrier`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrier' in WordNet: 1. (2) terrier - (any of several usually small short-bodied breeds originally trained to hunt animals living underground)`
Super-classes	HuntingDog^c
Sub-classes	ScotchTerrier^c SkyeTerrier^c

Terrified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrified

Description

The attribute of someone who is feeling Terror.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrified' in Wordnet:
     1. panicky, panicked, panic-stricken, panic-struck, terrified, frightened -
       (thrown into a state of intense fear or desperation; 
       'became panicky as the snow deepened'; 'felt panicked before each exam'; 
       'trying to keep back the panic-stricken crowd'; 'the terrified horse bolted')

Super-classes Frightened^c

Terrifying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrifying

Description

''Terrifying'' is an intensive form of 'Frightening', an attribute of something that causes more than average''Fear'',it causes a ''Terror''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'terrifying' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) terrific, terrifying - (causing extreme terror; 'a terrifying wail')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

TerrifyingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerrifyingEvent`
Description	''Terrifying'' is a ''FrighteningEvent'' that provokes not just ''Fear'', but ''Terror''. This can be an Action of a Person or beast, or some event that causes or threatens to cause harm to a person. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'terrify' in WordNet: 1. (1) terrify, terrorize, terrorise - (fill with terror; frighten greatly)`
Super-classes	FrighteningEvent^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Terror^c

Territorial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Territorial

Description

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'territorial' in Wordnet:
      1. (2) territorial - (of or relating to a territory; 
          'the territorial government of the Virgin Islands'; 
          'territorial claims made by a country')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TerritorialExpansion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerritorialExpansion`
Description	''TerritorialExpansion'' is an ''Expanding'' in which some Country increases its control over the ''GeographicalArea''s over which it claims jurisdiction.
Super-classes	Expanding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op only Country^c causesIncreaseIn^op only Jurisdiction-Authority^c

TerritorialReserve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerritorialReserve`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'territorial reserve' in WordNet: 1. territorial, territorial reserve - (a territorial military unit)`
Super-classes	Militia^c
Sub-classes	NationalGuard^c

TerritorialWaters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerritorialWaters`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$SeaWater such that they are subject to the political jurisdiction of a particular country.
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op some Country^c isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance^op value SeaWater^c

Territory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Territory`
Description	This type ''Territory'' is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' legally controlled by a Country but not part of the ''Country'' that exercises control. This excludes areas that are occupied by troops of one country, but are not formally included in the legal structure of the occupying country. Thus ''PuertoRico'' is a ''Territory'' of the United States, but not part of the United States. `NOTE that the ''Country'' referenced in the restrictions is the same Country in both restrictions. This equivalance is not easy to express in OWL, but can be expressed in FOL using variables. NOTE: the example in the WN gloss is not an example of this type. See ''PuertoRico''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'territory' in WordNet: 3. territory, soil - (the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state; 'American troops were stationed on Japanese soil')`
Super-classes	GeopoliticalEntity^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op some Country^c isNotaPartOf^op value Country^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PuertoRico

Terror^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terror

Description

Terror is the highest reified level within the general class of states called 'Fear'. Terror may paralyze action, or be a spur to action - this type does not require any action-related consequence.
NOTE: this is a ''GoalSituation'' because Terror is a goal of terrorists.

     ''Terror'' is conflated with 'panic' in WN,but the two are separated
       in COSMO.  ''panic' is sudden and addresses a more immediate threat 
       and creates a greater impulse to flee or 
       take evasive action.  Terror can paralyse. A mild form of ''Terror''
       may be generated by reading news or watching horror movies,but
       'Panic'' doesn't arise that way.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terror' in WordNet:
       1. (11) panic, terror, affright -
        (an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety)
     WN  Also included here is 'dread'; in WN dread seems to
     WN   include not only fear but anticipation:
     WN 'dread'
       1. (1) apprehension, apprehensiveness, dread -
        (fearful expectation or anticipation;
        'the student looked around the examination room with apprehension')

Super-classes GoalSituation^c
Fear^c

TerrorBomber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerrorBomber`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bomber' in WordNet: 2. bomber - (a person who plants bombs)`
Super-classes	Evildoer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Bombing^c

Terrorism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Terrorism`
Description	''Terrorism' is a form of ''Activism'' in which destruction is performed to cause ''Terror''.. `WN only has the action of 'terrorism': 1. terrorism, act of terrorism, terrorist act - (the calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear)`
Super-classes	Activism^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op only DesiredFutureSituation^c hasExecutionEvent^op only TerroristAct^c

TerroristAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerroristAct`
Description	''TerroristAct'' is any ''ViolentAction'' intended to cause ''Terror'' in support of a ''Campaign''. It is performed by a ''TerroristAgent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrorism' in WordNet: 1. terrorism, act of terrorism, terrorist act - (the calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear)`
Super-classes	AntisocialAction^c DirectAction^c ViolentAction^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Terror^c isPerformedBy^op value TerroristAgent^c hadBeneficiary^op value TerroristAgent^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Terrorism^c mayCause^op value Terror^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldTradeCenterAttack20010911

TerroristAgent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TerroristAgent

Description

A specialization of #$SocialBeing and #$CovertAgent (qq.v.). Each instance of #$TerroristAgent is a person (see #$Terrorist) or a group of people (see #$TerroristGroup) that commits terrorist activities (see #$TerroristAct and #$TerroristAttack).

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrorist' in WordNet:
            1. (1) terrorist - (a radical who employs terror as a political weapon;
            usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion 
            as a cover for terrorist activities)

Super-classes SecretAgent^c
SocialBeing^c
Activist^c

Tesla^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tesla

Description

SI magnetic flux density measure. Symbol: T. One Tesla equals one Weber per square Meter. Tesla = Wb/m^2 = kgs^(-2)A^(-1)

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tesla' in WordNet:
       1. tesla - (a unit of magnetic flux density equal to one weber per square meter)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

TestOfSkill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TestOfSkill`
Description	A 'TestOfSkill' is a 'MentalTesting'' that includes the actions of an examiner who administers the test and a subject whose skill (mental or procedural) is being tested. This type represents the whole Action of testing, including the administring and the taking of the 'exam'. `NOTE: the WN goss suggests that this is the act of theexaminer who gives the test, but this is the whole Event of giving and taking the test. Giving the test is represented by the subEvent ''Examining''. The action of the Person taking the test is represented by the subEvent ''TakingAnExam''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'testing' in WordNet: 3. (2) examination, testing - (the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned)`
Super-classes	Evaluating^c MentalTesting^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value TakingAnExam^c mayUseInstrument^op value WrittenExam^c hasSubEvent^op value Examining^c

TestProcedure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TestProcedure`
Description	A 'TestProcedure' is a Procedure for testing something; an execution of such a Procedure would be a 'TestingEvent'. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet, NOTE that 'mental test' is represented by the subtype 'MentalTestProcedure' and by 'MentalTest': in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students')`
Super-classes	Procedure^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value TestingEvent^c
Sub-classes	MentalTestProcedure^c

TestResult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TestResult`
Description	A TestResult is the information obtained as a result of conducting a test. The information is Linguistic, because an Answer is a subtype of Artifact-Generic. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'result' in WordNet: 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio')`
Super-classes	Result^c Answer^c LinguisticAssertion^c
Sub-classes	MeasurementResult^c PollResult^c

TestScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TestScore`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for school work) of noun sense 6 of 'grade' in WordNet: 6. mark, grade, score - (a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance); 'she made good marks in algebra'; 'grade A milk'; "what was your score on your homework?")`
Super-classes	Appraisal^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value GradingScoolWork^c wasCreatedByEvent^op some TakingAnExam^c
Sub-classes	Percentile^c

Testament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Testament`
Description	A ''Testament'' is a ''Proclaiming'' of a ''Credo'', stating for some audience that one believes in some ''beliefSystem''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testament' in WordNet: 1. (2) testament - (a profession of belief; 'he stated his political testament')`
Super-classes	Declaration^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op some Credo^c

Tester^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tester`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tester' in WordNet: 1. examiner, tester, quizzer - (someone who administers a test to determine your qualifications)`
Super-classes	Inquirer^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Quizzing^c

Testicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Testicle`
Description	CYC: The collection of all testes. A #$Testicle (testis) is a #$SpermCell producing #$Organ appearing in male and hermaphroditic animals, both #$Vertebrate and #$Invertebrate. In most #$Vertebrates these occur in pairs, and in some #$Mammals (notably #$MaleHumans) are held in a pouch (#$Sac-Organic) of #$Skin (the #$Scrotum) which hangs from the #$Penis. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testicle' in WordNet: 1. (2) testis, testicle, orchis, ball, ballock, bollock, nut, egg - (one of the two male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa and secrete androgens; 'she kicked him in the balls and got away')`
Super-classes	Gonad^c
Restrictions	isContainedIn^op value Scrotum^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value MaleAnimal^c

Testifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Testifier`
Description	A ''Testifier'' is a Person who testifies in some ''CourtCase'' or in a ''Deposition' . The subtype ''CourtWitness'' testifies in a ''CourtCase''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testifier' in WordNet: 1. testifier, deponent, deposer - (a person who testifies or gives a deposition)`
Super-classes	Informant^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Testifying^c canCreate^op value Testimony^c
Sub-classes	CourtWitness^c

Testifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Testifying`
Description	SUMO: Giving testimony as part of a JudicialProcess. In COSMO this is any kind of testifying or certifying, oral or written, in any context not just a cour of Law. This is the act of giving information by one person to others for the purose of establishing a fact that may be in question, especially about a third person. Merely stating facts is the parent type, and this is a subtype. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'testify' in Wordnet: 1. (13) testify, attest, take the stand, bear witness - (give testimony in a court of law) 2. (1) testify, bear witness, prove, evidence, show - (provide evidence for; 'The blood test showed that he was the father'; 'Her behavior testified to her incompetence')`
Super-classes	StatingSomething^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Testimony^c
Sub-classes	Perjury^c

Testimonial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Testimonial`
Description	A ''Testimonial'' is a 'PraiseText' given to a Person on a formal occasion (such as a 'testimonial dinner'). `NOTE: this is similar to a ''Panegyric'' but this type includes organized gatherings, which are not 'texts'. @ToDo: This needs broadening and distinction. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'testimonial' in WordNet: 2. (1) tribute, testimonial - (something given or done as an expression of esteem)`
Super-classes	PraiseText^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c

Testimony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Testimony`
Description	The AbstractSymbolicObject created by an act of ''Testifying''. `This category has a number of different subtypes of abstract objects produced by ''Testifying'', including ''Certification'' and various ''EducationalDegree''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testimony' in Wordnet: 1. (5) testimony - (a solemn statement made under oath) 2. (4) testimony - (an assertion offering firsthand authentication of a fact; 'according to his own testimony he can't do it')`
Super-classes	Record^c Statement^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some Testifying^c
Sub-classes	Certification^c PerjuredTestimony^c

TestingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TestingEvent`
Description	A TestingEvent is a purposeful action performed on some PhysicalObject in order to obtain information related to that Object (which could be an animal). This is a broad meaning of 'test' including physical tests and academic or professional examinations and Polls, but a TestingEvent must be conducted specifically to determine an answer to some question. This type does not include the sense of using something for its intended purpose and as a side-effect considering the usage as a test of its utility, unless that use was conducted primarily to determine its utility; NOTE that every TestingEvent results in a TestResult; a failed or incomplete test would be an attempt, not a TestingEvent that is an instance of this type. NOTE that the notion of TestingEvent includes Measuring as a subtype. Various subtypes of ''Inquiring'' such as ''Examining'', 'testing' (''TestingEvent''), ''Inspection'', ''Investigation'' all have overlapping elements and are not yet (rev1153) fully distinguished. Includes sense 1, 2, and 6 of verb 'test' and noun sense 2 in WordNet: WN verb 'test': 1. (37) test, prove, try, try out, examine, essay - (put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; 'This approach has been tried with good results'; 'Test this recipe') 2. (9) screen, test - (test or examine for the presence of disease or infection; 'screen the blood for the HIV virus') 'The teacher tests us every week'; 'We got quizzed on French irregular verbs') 6. test - (determine the presence or properties of (a substance)) WN noun 'test': 2. (103) test, trial, run - (the act of testing something; 'in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately'; 'he called each flip of the coin a new trial')
Super-classes	Inquiring^c Evaluating^c InformationGathering^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some TestResult^c
Sub-classes	ExperimentalTest^c MentalTesting^c Pretest^c OpinionPoll^c Measuring^c TryingOnaGarment^c MedicalTest^c Quizzing^c

Testosterone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Testosterone

Description

The steroid hormone. CYC: The collection of all instances of testosterone. The substance is a #$ReproductiveHormone, produced by the #$Testicles, which is needed for spermatogenesis and for secondary sexual characteristics in male mammals as well as for the male sex drive. It stimulates skeletal muscle production and is important in maintining muscle mass and bone tissue in the adult male.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testosterone' in Wordnet:
          1. testosterone - (a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes;
          responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics)

Super-classes Androgen^c
SteroidHormone^c

Tetanus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tetanus`
Description	A condition caused by the toxin of a bacterium, which causes the muscles (esp. jaw) to contract tightly. It is frequently contracted through puncture wounds. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tetanus' in WordNet: 1. tetanus, lockjaw - (an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c LifeThreateningCondition^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value Tetanus-Bacterium^c

Tetanus-Bacterium^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tetanus-Bacterium`
Description	$Tetanus-Bacterium is a bacteria that causes #$Tetanus. `Online: Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani .`
Super-classes	Clostridium^c
Restrictions	presenceCauses^op value Tetanus^c

TetheringAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TetheringAnAnimal`
Description	''TetheringAnAnimal'' is an Action that uses a ''CordlikeObject' attached another object to restrain an Animal from moving further than the length of the ''CordlikeObject'. The other object could be moving, as when a Dog is held by a Person on a ''Leash''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tether' in WordNet: 1. (1) tether - (tie with a tether; 'tether horses')`
Super-classes	KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c
Restrictions	prevents^op some (BodyMovementEvent^c or ActionType^c) uses^op value CordlikeObject^c
Sub-classes	LeashingAnAnimal^c

TetraHydroCannabinol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TetraHydroCannabinol`
Description	CYC: The collection of all portions of tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, believed to be the primary active constituent in #$Marijuana and #$Hashish. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tetrahydrocannabinol' in WordNet: 1. tetrahydrocannabinol, THC - (psychoactive substance present in marijuana)`
Super-classes	OrganicCompound^c PsychoactiveAgent^c OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	isaConstituentSubstanceOf^op value MarijuanaPlant^c isaComponentSubstanceOf^op value Marijuana^c

Texan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Texan`
Description	CYC: People living in the state of Texas. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Texan' in WordNet: 1. (2) Texan - (a native or resident of Texas)`
Super-classes	UnitedStatesPerson^c Inhabitant^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfTexas^c

TextBook-Abstract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextBook-Abstract`
Description	Each 'TextBook-Abstract' is a ''Book-Abstract'' used for teaching the subject that is the topic of the book. Each pupil/student in that class or course typically has a copy of the corresponding physical ''TextBook-Physical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'textbook' in WordNet: 1. textbook, text, text edition, schoolbook, school text - (a book prepared for use in schools or colleges; 'his economics textbook is in its tenth edition'; 'the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy')`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c Book-Abstract^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Studying^c hasPhysicalRepresentation^op some TextBook-Physical^c
Sub-classes	IntroductoryText^c

TextBook-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextBook-Physical`
Description	Each ''TextBook-Physical'' is a physical representation of a 'TextBook-Abstract', used for teaching the subject that is the topic of the book. Each pupil/student in that class or course typically has a copy of such a ''TextBook-Physical''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'textbook' in WordNet: 1. textbook, text, text edition, schoolbook, school text - (a book prepared for use in schools or colleges; 'his economics textbook is in its tenth edition'; 'the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy')`
Super-classes	Book-Physical^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Teaching^c isaRepresentationOf^op some TextBook-Abstract^c isUsedInAction^op value Studying^c
Sub-classes	Primer-Physical^c

TextMarking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextMarking`
Description	CYC: A collection of visual marks. Each element of #$TextMarking is a visual artifact, a mark or configuration of marks recognizable as text in some writing system. Examples of #$TextMarking include written words, written numbers, sentences, individual letters and numerals, all the text on a piece of paper or in a book, auxiliary marks like punctuation, etc. `NOTE the 'isAtTheSurfaceOf' restriction means that it is at the surface of a page of text. Being on the cover of a book would not be an intended use of this unless the mark was deliberately placed on a cover with text on it`
Super-classes	SignObject^c Mark^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value TextualMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Inscription^c DiacriticalMark^c DateMark^c Underline^c Graffiti^c PhysicalCharacter^c PunctuationMark^c Calligram^c

TextOfaBroadcast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextOfaBroadcast`
Description	Each ''TextOfaBroadcast'' is the text-representable content of some ''MediaTransmitting"'' event(Radio, TV or Cable), whether it is in effect an abstract transcript of the broadcast or is textual material represented in readable form in the video portion of a ''TVTransmitting'' Event.
Super-classes	AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some MediaTransmitting^c isaPartOf^op some AbstractBroadcast^c

TextPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextPart`
Description	Each 'DocumentPart' is an AbstractSymbolicObject (text or image or Table) that is a proper part of some larger AbstractText. The restriction requires that the larger text be specified. `excerpt, excerption, extract, selection`
Super-classes	AbstractText^c Part^c
Restrictions	isContainedInObject^op some AbstractText^c
Sub-classes	Passage^c LineOfText-Abstract^c

TextType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextType`
Description	''TextType'' is a subtype of ''ObjectType'', each instance of which is a ''ConceptualWork'' that primarily consists of ''"TextualMaterial'' or an AbstractDocument.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c
Members	Stenography Book-Abstract Printout ScienceFiction-Genre InstructionsDocument Critique Prayer Novella HandwrittenText PropositionalConceptualWork TextualPCW Adventure-Genre Form-StandardizedIBO Tragedy Litany PlayScript-Physical PeriodicalIssue BookOfTheBible TextBook-Abstract Publication HailMary Scroll Magazine-Physical CurrencyObject ArticleCopy TextualMaterial OurFather TheRosary DramaScript-Physical Document-Physical PeriodicalCopy Corpus PrintedText AbstractDocument WrittenEntry

TextbookExercise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextbookExercise`
Description	A ''TextbookExercise'' is a 'PracticeProcedure' contained in writing at the back of a section of a ''TextBook-Abstract''. E.g. 'Do the exercises at the back of each chapter'. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'exercise' in WordNet: 4. (2) exercise, example - (a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding; 'you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook')`
Super-classes	PracticeProcedure^c AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value TextBook-Abstract^c hasExecutionEvent^op value PracticeExercise^c isContainedInObject^op value TextBook-Abstract^c

TextileArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextileArtifact`
Description	$TextileArtifact is a specialization of `#$Artifact-NonAgentive, #$DurableGoods, #$SolidTangibleArtifact, and #$CommodityProduct. Each instance of #$TextileArtifact is a product made by spinning, weaving, knitting, wrapping, pressing, or other processes used to form fibers into usable materials such as cloth or linen. Notable specializations of #$TextileArtifact include #$Cloth, #$Cord-Textile, and #$Netting.`
Super-classes	FibrousObject^c FabricObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c HumanScaleObject^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c FlexibleObject^c
Sub-classes	Carpet^c MoneyBag^c PieceOfCloth^c BedCover^c BedSpread^c WovenObject^c Ribbon^c PieceOfThread^c BedSheet^c Yarn^c

TextileMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextileMachine`
Description	A ''TextileMachine'' is a ''ManufacturingMachine'' that is designed to produce Textiles or some component or starting material for textiles, such as yarn or thread.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'textile machine' in Wordnet: 1. textile machine - (a machine for making textiles)`
Super-classes	ManufacturingMachine^c
Restrictions	produces^op value TextileArtifact^c
Sub-classes	SpinningWheel^c Loom^c

Texting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Texting`
Description	'Texting'' is a means of ''LinguisticCommunication'' that uses ''CellularTelephone''s to send written messages,transmitted over the ''Internet''.
Super-classes	InternetCommunication^c LinguisticCommunication^c

Textual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Textual`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'textual' in Wordnet: 1. textual - (of or relating to or based on a text; 'textual analysis')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

TextualMaterial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextualMaterial`
Description	TextualMaterial is a PhysicalObject that has some text (linguistic symbols) written on it in some language, and the text should be a significant part of the purpose of creating the object, not just an incidental identification mark or graffiti. This is usually, but not always, 'PrintedMaterial'; this can be erasable markings such as chalk writing on a ''Blackboard''; it may be in digital form on a CD or DVD or in computer memory, etc. If an Object is not originally textual (e.g. blank paper), but had text added for the purpose of conveying information via the text, and the main function of the object then becomes to hold that text, that object become textual material after the text is added. A building wall with elaborate graffiti is not textual material, though the physical material of the graffiti marks themselves (located on the wall) could be classified as textual material. In SUMO called simply 'Text'. SUMO: LinguisticExpression or set of LinguisticExpressions that perform a specific function related to Communication, e.g. express a discourse about a particular topic, and that are inscribed in a CorpuscularObject by Humans. COSMO note: This is a physical text, so it is not an AbstractSymbolicObject, and therefore we have removed 'InformationStore' as a parent, and changed the parent 'InformationBearingThing' to 'InformationBearingObject'. Cyc: A specialization of #$InformationBearingThing (IBT). Each instance of #$TextualMaterial is an IBT a significant part of whose informational content is both (i) encoded in some #$CommunicationConvention (q.v.), usually a #$Language, and (ii) represented or displayed in a spatial format. Examples include a copy of a newspaper printed in English using the Roman alphabet, a copy of a book printed in English using Braille, and a poster written in Chinese characters. Condition (i) excludes things like hardcopies of drawings, while condition (ii) excludes things like magnetic tapes containing recorded speech. A piece of textual material always involves one or more spatially-localized representations - usually physical inscriptions (see #$CharacterStringToken-Inscribed) - of #$CharacterStrings (q.v.). Textual materials are usually tangible objects (such as the examples given above), but are sometimes intangibles like patterns of light projecting words onto walls or screens. Specializations of #$TextualMaterial include #$OfficialDocument and #$NonPublishedText. Note that, while there is considerable overlap between #$TextualMaterial and #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject, these collections differ in that the latter both includes IBTs that involve no character-string representations and excludes intangibles of any sort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'text' in Wordnet: 1. (54) text, textual matter - (the words of something written; 'there were more than a thousand words of text'; 'they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech'; 'he wants to reconstruct the original text')
Super-classes	LinguisticExpression_SUMO^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some AbstractText^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some owl:Thing^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Textual^c
Sub-classes	DramaScript-Physical^c PrintedText^c Document-Physical^c Form-StandardizedIBO^c AppendixText^c Journal-Physical^c WrittenEntry^c Documents^c Stenography^c Magazine-Physical^c ArticleCopy^c PlayScript-Physical^c Calligraphy-ArtObject^c PeriodicalCopy^c HandwrittenText^c NoticeSign^c DebitEntry^c Publication^c Scroll^c WrittenWord^c CurrencyObject^c

TextualPCW^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextualPCW`
Description	A specialization of #$PropositionalConceptualWork. Each instance of #$TextualPCW is an abstract work whose propositional content is expressed, at least in substantial part, in text. Positive examples include instances of #$Novel-CW, #$Article-CW, #$Resume, and #$RestaurantMenu. Negative examples include episodes of an instance of #$TVShow-CW. #$TextualPCWs may include non-textual components which expand on or otherwise contribute to the propositional content of the work, but the propositional content of the #$TextualPCW could, alternatively, be expressed entirely in text. COSMO note: Note that the more generic 'AbstractText' does not have to be a Propositional work, since the more generic text may not contain any propositions in it - it might be a question. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'writing' in WordNet: 2. (6) writing, written material, piece of writing - (the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); 'the writing in her novels is excellent'; 'that editorial was a fine piece of writing')
Super-classes	AbstractText^c PropositionalConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	FactualText^c LawTitle^c ReferenceWork^c SacredText^c Adaptation^c Newsletter^c JudicialOrder^c Revision^c LiteraryWork^c RegulationText^c Narrative^c LawText^c

Texture^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Texture

Description

''Texture'' is a subtype of ''Feel' that is perceive by moving a finger over the surface of a SolidObject, and varies depending on the 'smoothness', i.e. the spacing and size and degree of flexibility of protrusions and ridges on the surface.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'texture' in WordNet:
           1. (13) texture - (the feel of a surface or a fabric; 'the wall had a smooth texture')

Super-classes AttributeType^c

TextureType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TextureType`
Description	A metaclass to serve as a Type for Surface texture attributes of physical objects.
Super-classes	AppearanceType^c
Members	Bumpy Slippery Waxy Smooth Rough Textured Uneven

Textured^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Textured

Description

'Textured'' characterizes the surface of SolidObjects that are relatively flat (at least in the relevant section) but are not ''Smooth' and have some degree of roughness perceptible to the eye or to the touch. 'a silk cloth is smooth, but a wool cloth is textured'' 'marble can be made smooth, but concrete is textured'

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'textured' in Wordnet:
            1. (1) textured, rough-textured, coarse-textured - (having surface roughness; 
               'a textured wall of stucco'; 'a rough-textured tweed')

Super-classes SurfaceAttributeValue^c
Rough^c

Thai^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thai

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Thai' in Wordnet:
         1. Thai, Tai, Siamese - (of or relating to or characteristic
             of Thailand or its people; "Siamese kings"; "different Thai tribes live in the north")

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Thalamus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thalamus

Description

CYC: The collection of all thalami. The #$Thalamus forms the major part of a #$Diencephalon in the center of a #$Brain. All nerve signals entering the #$Cerebrum, whether sensory or from another part of the #$Brain, are relayed by the #$Thalamus. The #$Thalamus is almost split in two parts, which are connected by the 'intermediate mass', but it is normally considered a single structure instead of a pair of structures.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thalamus' in WordNet:
          1. thalamus - (large egg-shaped structures of grey matter 
            that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon)

Super-classes BrainPart^c

Thalassemia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thalassemia

Description

Is most common in people living in the Mediteranean area.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thalassemia' in WordNet:
         1. thalassemia, thalassaemia, Mediterranean anemia, Mediterranean anaemia - 
           (an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin)

Super-classes Anemia^c

Thallium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thallium

Description

The element Thallium, atomic number 81.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thallium' in WordNet:
         1. thallium, Tl, atomic number 81 - (a soft grey malleable metallic element 
           that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic 
           and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores)

Super-classes ChemicalElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ToxicSubstance^c

Thankfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thankfully

Description

''Thankfully'' is an AdverbialModifier that is used mostly to express the sentiment that one is ''Thankful'' for the modified fact asserted, often used to introduce a sentence. It is not an adverb of manner. For the ''AdverbOfManner'' expressing a similar Feeling, see ''Gratefully''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'thankfully' in Wordnet:
          1. thankfully - (for which you are thankful; 'thankfully he didn't come to the party')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Thanking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thanking`
Description	Each ''Thanking'' is an ''AcknowledgingAnAction'' in response to some (usually) recent Action that benefitted or is believed to benefit the Person doing the ''Thanking''., It is a direct linguistic expression of ''Thanks'' to some IntelligentAgent for some benefit received. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thank' in WordNet: 1. (17) thank, give thanks - (express gratitude or show appreciation to)`
Super-classes	Rendering^c Acknowledging^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some (Benefiting^c or ActionType^c) hadInformationTransferred^op some Thanks^c

Thanks^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thanks

Description

An assertion (a direct linguistic expression) that the Agent making the statement has taken note of and is grateful for some Action of the addressee that benefited the Agent..

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thanks' in WordNet:
           1. (7) thanks - (an acknowledgment of appreciation)

Super-classes Acknowledgment^c

Thanksgiving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thanksgiving

Description

'Thanksgiving'' CYC: 'ThanksgivingHoliday-US': The American holiday which falls on the fourth Thursday of November, traditionally celebrated with a big turkey feast.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Thanksgiving' in WordNet:
      1. (2) Thanksgiving, Thanksgiving Day - (fourth Thursday in November 
         in the United States; second Monday in October in Canada;
         commemorates a feast held in 1621 by the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag)

Super-classes Day^c
MoveableHoliday^c

Thawing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thawing`
Description	Specifically for the melting of water ice, naturally or by action of some agent. In the cse where an agent thaws a frozen food object the ''Water'' produced (mostly) stay inside the food object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thaw' in WordNet: 1. (1) thaw, melt, thawing, melting - (the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid; 'the power failure caused a refrigerator melt that was a disaster'; 'the thawing of a frozen turkey takes several hours')`
Super-classes	Melting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value Ice^c produces^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Defrosting^c

TheArtOfCeramics^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheArtOfCeramics

Description

'TheArtOfCeramics' is the 'Art' (FieldOfStudy) which deals with the creation of ''CeramicObject''s like pottery. This is a FieldOfStudy, not the Action of actually making ''CeramicObject''s (including ''PotteryObject''s).

       NOTE: many ''CeramicObject''s can be made with practical
          uses, and the studies of how to make these objects are included 
          in this ''FieldOfStudy'', as well as the more artistic creativity 
          used in making ''PotteryObject''s.

       Includes but is broader than  noun sense 1 of 'ceramics' in WordNet:
         1. ceramics - (the art of making and decorating pottery)

Super-classes Art^c

TheArtOfMusic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheArtOfMusic

Description

'TheArtOfMusic' is the 'Art' (FieldOfStudy) of which creating MusicalComposition is the central topic. When one studies 'music' this is what one studies.

      This type corresponds to sense 3 of 'music' in RHW:
      3.  a field, genre, or category of art: Dance is an art.

      In WordNet sense 1 of Music is classified as a 'communication';
      this appears to be the closest sense to this COSMO type:
       in WordNet:
         1. (51) music - (an artistic form of auditory communication 
            incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured 
            and continuous manner)

Super-classes Art^c

TheArtOfPainting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheArtOfPainting

Description

'TheArtOfPainting' is the 'Art' (FieldOfStudy) of which creating two-dimensional images by applying paint to a surface is the main topic. When one studies 'painting' this is what one studies.

      This type is closest to sense 2 of 'painting' in Wordnet:
       2. (9) painting - (creating a picture with paints;
         'he studied painting and sculpture for many years')

Super-classes Art^c

TheBest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBest`
Description	The highest degree of Goodness or quality. If something is Complete as well as being TheBest, it will have the attribute 'Perfect'. This implies that something can be TheBest in quality while still being less than Complete - one can be TheBest of some group of things, but lack something that would improve its desirability. See also English word: 'ENG_best' for a related sense, the superlative of 'good' represented as a word. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'best' in WordNet: 1. (95) best - ((superlative of 'good') having the most positive qualities; 'the best film of the year'; the best solution; 'the best time for planting'; 'wore his best suit') 2. better, best - ((comparative and superlative of 'well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable; 'it would be better to speak to him'; 'the White House thought it best not to respond')
Super-classes	Salient^c GoodnessValue^c
Sub-classes	All-Star^c All-Time^c

TheBigTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBigTime`
Description	''TheBigTime'' is a high degree of ''SocialSuccess'', in the top one percent of those recognized in some field, especially in entertainment. " she hit the big time with her performance in 'StarSearch'" `RHW 'big time': 1. Informal. the highest or most important level in any profession or occupation: She's a talented violinist, but she's not ready for the big time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'big time' in WordNet: 1. big time - (the highest level of an occupation (especially in entertainment))`
Super-classes	SocialSuccess^c
Restrictions	isaHigherLevelOf^op value SocialSuccess^c

TheBlind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheBlind`
Description	''TheBlind'' is a collective term for the ''GroupOfPeople'' including all ''BlindPerson''s, or some subgroup of them. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blind' in WordNet: 1. (5) blind - (people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group; 'he spent hours reading to the blind')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only BlindPerson^c

TheDiaspora^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheDiaspora`
Description	''TheDiaspora'' the historical ''Event'' in which the Israelites were driven from Palestine. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Diaspora' in WordNet: 2. Diaspora - (the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel; from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 587-86 BC when they were exiled to Babylonia up to the present time)`
Super-classes	ChangeOfResidence^c ScatteringObjects^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jews^c produced^op value Diaspora^c

TheDownstairs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheDownstairs`
Description	'TheDownstairs' is a location relative to some other location; in linguistic phrases, the reference location is, usually the location of the speaker. RHW: noun sense 4: '(used with a sing. v.) the lower floor or floors of a building: The downstairs is being painted.' `'downstairs' itself has no noun sense in Wordnet. It is an adjective or adverb. WN adj: 1. downstairs, downstair - (on or of lower floors of a building; 'the downstairs (or downstair) phone') WN adv: 1. (6) downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor, below - (on a floor below; 'the tenants live downstairs')`
Super-classes	IndoorLocation^c RelativeLocation^c
Sub-classes	Basement^c

TheElite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheElite`
Description	''TheElite'' is the GroupOfPeople consisting of those who have high rank or status in society, as contrasted with ''TheMasses''. Those people who are not among ''TheMasses''. `Usually referred to as 'the elite' The membership is vague and fluid, depending on time and country - a ''MemberOfTheRoyalty'' is always a member of this type, as are very wealthy people, but some categories of people may be neither among 'TheElite'' or ''TheMasses''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elite' in WordNet: 1. (6) elite, elite group - (a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elite^c
Sub-classes	TheNobility^c

TheLastMinute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheLastMinute`
Description	''TheLastMinute'' is a ''TimeInterval'' that ''precedes'' (comes immediately before) some ''Deadline''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'last minute' in WordNet: 1. eleventh hour, last minute - (the latest possible moment; 'money became available at the eleventh hour'; 'at the last minute the government changed the rules')`
Super-classes	Moment^c
Restrictions	precedes^op value Deadline^c

TheMasses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheMasses`
Description	Each ''TheMasses'' is the GroupOfPeople consisting of those who are not among ''TheElite''. Referred to as the 'masses' because they are much more populous than ''TheElite''. This may be applied to any group of common people in any region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masses' and sense 1 of 'common people' in WordNet: 1. (3) multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, people, the great unwashed - (the common people generally; 'separate the warriors from the mass'; 'power to the people') WN 'common people': 1. folk, folks, common people - (people in general (often used in the plural); 'they're just country folk'; 'folks around here drink moonshine'; 'the common people determine the group character and preserve its customs from one generation to the next')
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only CommonMan^c

TheMob^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheMob

Description

The whole collection of all and any ''Gang''s organized to perform criminal activities. This covers all gangs specifically organized to perform crimes as associated Groups, but 'The Mob' and 'The Mafia' and 'Organized Crime' usually refer to larger and more organized criminal ''Gang''s. Subtypes can be created as needed.. The subtypes mentioned in WordNet are: :: yakuza - (organized crime in Japan; an alliance of criminal organizations and illegal enterprises) :: Mafia, Maffia, Sicilian Mafia - (a secret terrorist group in Sicily; originally opposed tyranny but evolved into a criminal organization in the middle of the 19th century) :: Black Hand - (a secret terrorist society in the United States early in the 20th century) :: Camorra - (a secret society in Naples notorious for violence and blackmail) :: syndicate, crime syndicate, mob, family - (a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities)

  also WN 'Mafia':
    1. Mafia, Maffia, Cosa Nostra - (a crime syndicate in the United States; organized in families; 
       believed to have important relations to the Sicilian Mafia)

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organized crime' in WordNet:
           1. organized crime, gangland, gangdom - (underworld organizations)

Super-classes TheSyndicate^c

TheMoment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheMoment`
Description	A TimePoint specified by referring to some Event or part of an Event. 'at the moment it began he was . . .' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moment' and sense 2 of 'instant' in WordNet: 1. (86) moment, minute, second, instant - (a particular point in time; 'the moment he arrived the party began')`
Super-classes	TimePointOfReference^c Moment^c
Sub-classes	Then^c Now^c

TheNeedy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheNeedy`
Description	''TheNeedy'' is the collective type for all of the people who are ''Impoverished'' in some Group, Place, or Context. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'needy' in WordNet: 1. needy - (needy people collectively; 'they try to help the needy')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PoorPerson^c

TheNobility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheNobility`
Description	''TheNobility'' is the GroupOfPeople consisting of those who have some title of 'nobility'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aristocracy' in WordNet: 1. (2) nobility, aristocracy - (a privileged class holding hereditary titles)`
Super-classes	TheElite^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MemberOfTheNobility^c

TheOccult^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheOccult`
Description	'TheOccult' is a collective term for events that violate the laws of physics ('MagicAction') and agents 'SupernaturalBeing') that can do such things. In COSMO this type represents Actions and agents that truly violate the laws of physics. For the illusionist form of 'magic' use 'MagicTrick'. `This is classified as an Action (Group of Actions), with the understanding that those Actions have 'SupernaturalBeing's as their agents Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'occult' in WordNet: 1. supernatural, occult - (supernatural forces and events and beings collectively; 'She doesn't believe in the supernatural')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Magical^c isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op value MagicalPerson^c hasComponentElement^op only MagicAction^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some SupernaturalBeing^c

TheOrient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheOrient`
Description	''TheOrient'' is the ''GroupOfCountries'' in Asia, especially those in eastern Asia. western Asia usually is not referred to in this Group; southwest Asia is more commonly referred to as the 'Middle East' (an instance of ''GeographcalRegion''). The 'far east' would be a Geographical Region. RHW 'Orient': 1.a. the countries of Asia, esp. East Asia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Orient' in WordNet: 1. (1) East, Orient - (the countries of Asia)`
Super-classes	GroupOfCountries^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Asia^c

ThePast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePast`
Description	'ThePast' is the TimeInterval that extends from 'Now' to the 'BeginningOfTime'. The value for 'Now' has to be assigned depending on the time of an Assertion, or the reference time for which an assertion about ThePast is made. `In SUMO this is represented by a function 'PastFn_TimePosition'. SUMO: A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition to the TimeInterval that meets it and that begins at BeginningOfTime. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'past' in WordNet: 1. (44) past, past times, yesteryear, yore - (the time that has elapsed; 'forget the past')`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	hasEndingTimePoint^op value Now^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Past^c

ThePresent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePresent`
Description	'ThePresent' is an unspecified interval of time from the recent past up to the current Moment, and usually including some small part of the future. This is used mostly to distinguish what has changed since some time in the past, or differs from what is likely in the future. `For a TimeInterval that extends back from ''Now'' to a more distant past but still not more than a century ago, use ''Nowadays''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'present' ('nowadays' goes further back in time) in WordNet: 1. (17) present, nowadays - (the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech; 'that is enough for the present'; 'he lives in the present with no thought of tomorrow')`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalPart^op value Now^c
Sub-classes	Nonce^c

ThePress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePress`
Description	The entire Group of people who devote most of their working time to writing, editing, or taking photographs for publication in a newspaper or magazine. There are distinguishable subgroups, (such as 'the New York press') but every subgroup must have a least one Journalist to be called 'ThePress'. This is for print media and does not include bloggers (see 'Blog'). @ToDo: what are the qualifications for getting a press badge to cross police lines? `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'press' in WordNet: 1. (10) press, fourth estate - (newspaper writers and photographers)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op some Journalist^c

ThePublic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePublic

Description

A subtype of 'GroupOfPeople', being the general public (all or most of the people) in some specific context. This is a class, not an instance because the membership of this group varies with context and time.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public' in WordNet:
     1. (35) populace, public, world - (people in general considered as a whole;
       'he is a hero in the eyes of the public')

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c

TheRosary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheRosary`
Description	''TheRosary'' is a Group of ''Prayer''s consisting of a series of ''HailMary''s and 'OurFather''s
Super-classes	Prayer^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value HailMary^c hasComponentElement^op value OurFather^c

TheShipsOfTheFleet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheShipsOfTheFleet`
Description	TheShipsOfTheFleet is the group of ships that compose a Fleet. In distinguishing a Fleet as an Organization from the ships that compose the Fleet, this Type allows reference to the ships as a group of physical objects (with a collective location and mass). `We assume that every Fleet has more than one ship (if it has any ships at all), so TheShipsOfTheFleet is a PluralThing.`
Super-classes	PluralThing^c GroupOfVessels^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some ModernNavalShip^c

TheSyndicate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheSyndicate`
Description	A an ''Organization'' coordinating the ativities of large Group of ''CriminalGang''s that form component Groups of People participating, coordinating activities to some extent. This a a Borderline example of an ''Organization'' that has rules, but not necessarily a written document descriing the rules. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syndicate' in WordNet: 1. (1) syndicate, crime syndicate, mob, family - (a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities)`
Super-classes	Syndicate^c
Restrictions	hasAssociatedGroupType^op value CriminalGang^c isaPartOf^op value CriminalUnderworld^c
Sub-classes	TheMob^c

TheTires^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheTires`
Description	''TheTires'' is the Group cosisting of all of the ''Tire''s on some ''RoadVehicle''.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 2 isaPhysicalPartOf^op some RoadVehicle^c

TheUnemployed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheUnemployed

Description

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unemployed' in WordNet:
            1. unemployed people, unemployed - (people who are involuntarily out of work 
                (considered as a group); 'the long-term unemployed need assistance')

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c

TheWorkingField^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheWorkingField`
Description	''TheWorkingField'' is a ''WorkingLocation'' that is a ''DistantLocation'' that is ''Distant'' from a Person's 'home base',the ''Workplace'' where the office or laboratory or other main place of work and the Person's work records are located.
Super-classes	WorkingLocation^c DistantLocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Distant^c isOutsideOf^op value Workplace^c

TheWorst^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheWorst

Description

The lowest degree of Goodness.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worst' in WordNet:
         1. (9) worst - ((superlative of 'bad') most wanting in quality or value 
         or condition; 'the worst player on the team'; 'the worst weather of the year')

Super-classes GoodnessValue^c
Salient^c

Theater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theater`
Description	Theater is the generic concept of either a building or part of a building whose primary or salient function is to provide a place for small groups of people to present visual or sound performances (live, or recorded as in a movie theater) to an audience. There is no limit on the size, except that it must be large enough to hold an audience of more than two people; as with other artifacts,the criterion for being a Theater depends only on the purpose for which the artifact was created (or modified or adapted). `NOTE: for ''Building'' constructed or modified to serve as a ''Theater'', use subtype ''TheaterBuilding'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'theater' in WordNet: 1. (7) theater, theatre, house - (a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented; 'the house was full')`
Super-classes	Role^c SeatedAssemblyConstruct^c ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value EntertainmentPerformance^c
Sub-classes	TheaterBuilding^c

TheaterBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheaterBuilding`
Description	A Building that was created (or modified or adapted) to serve as a ''Theater'' (to present performances) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theater' in WordNet: 1. (7) theater, theatre, house - (a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented; 'the house was full')`
Super-classes	Building^c Theater^c
Sub-classes	Planetarium^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThePerformingArtsCenterInNewarkNJ

TheaterGallery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheaterGallery`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'gallery' in WordNet: 6. gallery - (narrow recessed balcony area along an upper floor on the interior of a building; usually marked by a colonnade)`
Super-classes	Gallery^c Tier^c Balcony^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Theater^c

Theatrical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theatrical

Description

''Theatrical'' is a pertaining attribute pertaining to ''EntertainmentPerformance''s in general, especially ''PerformingArtActivity''s and ''DramaticPerformance''s.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'theatrical' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) theatrical - (of or relating to the theater)
         2. (1) theatrical - (suited to or characteristic of the stage or theater; 
             'a theatrical pose';  'one of the most theatrical figures in public life')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TheatricalProduction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheatricalProduction`
Description	A ''TheatricalProduction'' is a ''Production'' in which the thing produced is a ''DramaticPerformance''. . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theatrical production' in WordNet: 1. theatrical production, staging - (the production of a drama on the stage)`
Super-classes	Production^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op value Play^c

Theism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theism`
Description	''Theism'' monotheism atheism Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theism' in WordNet: 1. theism - (the doctrine or belief in the existence of a God or gods)
Super-classes	Religion^c

Thematic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thematic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thematic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) thematic - (relating to or constituting a topic of discourse)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Theme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theme`
Description	Each ''Theme'' is a 'Topic' that forms a main or prominent idea (''Thought'') that recurs within or across of one or more literary or artistic works. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'theme' in WordNet: 2. (5) theme, motif - (a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work; 'it was the usual 'boy gets girl' theme')`
Super-classes	Topic^c MentalObject^c Information-Content^c Artifact-Generic^c Role^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value LiteraryWork^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recurring^c
Sub-classes	Keynote^c

ThemePark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThemePark`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theme park' in WordNet: 1. theme park - (an amusement park that is organized around some theme (as the world of tomorrow))`
Super-classes	AmusementPark^c

Then^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Then

Description

Then is a TimePoint that is referenced as the time at which the assertion(s) of the sentence are, were, or will be true; the time that 'then' refers to is usually mentioned Each assertion that is indexed in Time has an implicit Now. This is represented linguistically as a noun. The adverb 'now' also references this time point, but in a different manner. NOTE that the 'then' of 'if-then' is not represented by this type, but by Adverb 'consequently'; the 'then' of 'first ... then' is represented by the adverb 'subsequently'. The adverb 'then' meaning 'at that time' is represented by 'then-adv'

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'then' in WordNet:
     1. (6) then - (that time; that moment; 'we will arrive before then'; 
     'we were friends from then on')

Super-classes TheMoment^c

Theologian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theologian`
Description	''Theologian'' is a person who is an Expert in ''Theology''. This does no necesarily imply that the ''Theologian'' is committed to any particular religion, though many are. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theologian' in WordNet: 1. (9) theologian, theologist, theologizer, theologiser - (someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology)`
Super-classes	Expert^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op some Theology^c

Theological^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theological

Description

''Theological'' is an attribute of things belonging to or characteristic of''Theology'' or a ''TheologicalSystem'.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'theological' in Wordnet:
         1. (15) theological - (of or relating to or concerning theology; 
               'theological seminar')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TheologicalSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheologicalSystem`
Description	A ''TheologicalSystem'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' including a Theology and other ideas relating to that Theology, including interpretations, texts, and commentaries on the rules or theological texts or practices. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'theology' in WordNet: 2. (6) theology, theological system - (a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings; 'Jewish theology'; 'Roman Catholic theology')`
Super-classes	System^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Theology^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Theological^c

Theology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theology`
Description	''Theology'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that deals with Religion and religious texts and practices. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theology' in WordNet: 1. (11) theology, divinity - (the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Religion^c

Theoretical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theoretical

Description

''Theoretical'' describes things - methods or results - that are asociated with some ''Theoretical''.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'theoretical' in WordNet:
         1. (9) theoretical, theoretic - (concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses 
            rather than practical considerations; 'theoretical science')
         2. (2) theoretical - (concerned with theories rather than 
             their practical applications; 'theoretical physics')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TheoreticalModel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheoreticalModel`
Description	A 'TheoreticalModel' is a MathematicalObject consisting of a Group of entities (which may be MathematicalObjects or real-world objects) plus their Attributes and the relations between them, created by an IntelligentAgent to represent some other thing of interest. The thing it represents may be abstract or physical, an Object or a process. This type can serve as a 'model' in the model-theoretic sense, or in the sense used in 'Modeling and Simulation'. Although real-world non-artifact objects may be included, the Group which forms the TheoreticalModel is created by some IntelligentAgent, and is not itself a PhysicalObject. This is one case in which a Group containing physical objects is not itself a PhysicalObject; in this case it is because there are also relations contained in the MathematicalModel. Note, howeer, that a Theory for which a 'TheoreticalModel' can serve as a model is not the same as the 'TheoreticalModel'itself. Corresponds most closely to noun senses 1 and 4 of 'model' in WordNet. WN Sense 1 is a type of theory and sense 4 is a representation. It is not clear how these are intended to differ. in WordNet: 1. (22) model, theoretical account, framework - (a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; 'the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems') 4. (4) model, simulation - (representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale))
Super-classes	Group^c MentalObject^c Abstraction^c MathematicalObject^c
Sub-classes	MathematicalRepresentation^c

Theoretically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theoretically

Description

''Theoretically'' is an AdverbialModifier that has the general meaning 'in theory' or 'according to theory'.

   NOTE: WN senses 1 and 2 seems to be distinguishable, but to specify the distinction
   will need additional types to be added.  @ToDo.  For now, just merged together.

       Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'theoretically' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) theoretically, on paper, in theory - (according to the assumed facts;
              'on paper the candidate seems promising')
         2. (1) theoretically - (in a theoretical manner; 'he worked the problem out theoretically')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Theorizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theorizing`
Description	CYC: This is the collection of instances in which an intelligent agent forms an hypothesis or engages in the sort of thought process typically intended to culminate in the formation and propounding of an hypothesis. NOTE: this is a subtype of ''Hypothesizing'' in which more careful reasoning is used and a more formal ''Theory'' is produced. There is a subtle difference between sense 2 and 3 but it is not yet clear how best to distinguish these. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'theorize' in WordNet: 2. theorize - (construct a theory about; 'Galileo theorized the motion of the stars') 3. theorize - (form or construct theories; 'he thinks and theorizes all day') WN noun 'theorization': 1. theorization, theorisation - (the production or use of theories)
Super-classes	Postulating^c Hypothesizing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Theory^c
Sub-classes	AttributingaCause^c

Theory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Theory`
Description	A Theory is a Hypothesis that has been tested and for which some evidence has been obtained; it is a specification describing the structure or behavior of some system, abstract or concrete. Theories (e.g. scientific) that describe concrete (physical) systems are usually created to explain some observed phenomenon. Theories that describe abstract (e.g. mathematical) systems may be created for any reason, sometimes just for the joy of describing a new and interesting structure of abstract elements. NOTE that a Theory is a subtype of 'Information-Content' in COSMO because although a theory may not be experimentally verified, it contains propositions that reflect the experience of its creator. A Theory will be a context in which certain assertions may be true, though the same assertions may not be true in other theories, or indeed may not be true anywhere other than in that particular theory. Theories may form a subsumption lattice, in which some theories have multiple subtheories. Every ontology (including this one) is a theory - most ontologies are intended to represent some aspect of the real world. NOTE that a ''Theory'' need not be internally consistent, and the 'evidence' for the theory may be quite informal observations, not rigorous scientific testing. Thus a ''BeliefSystem'' is a subtype of ''Theory'' in that the components are at least intuitively expected by the believer to fit together coherently, even if the believer has no training in formal logic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theory' in WordNet: 1. (62) theory - - (a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; 'theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses'; 'true in fact and theory')
Super-classes	Hypothesis^c Abstraction^c CausalExplanation^c Group^c
Sub-classes	ScientificTheory^c Ontology^c Microtheory^c BeliefSystem^c

Therapeutic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Therapeutic`
Description	''Therapeutic'' is an attribute of Objects, Substances, or Actions that can relieve pain or alleviate other symptoms of an ailment, or can cure an ''AilmentCondition'' or restore bodily function or health. `NOTE: 'alterative' is obsolete but unused for other meanings, so it is included in the labels. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'therapeutic' in Wordnet: 1. (5) curative, healing, alterative, remedial, sanative, therapeutic - (tending to cure or restore to health; 'curative powers of herbal remedies'; 'her gentle healing hand'; 'remedial surgery'; 'a sanative environment of mountains and fresh air'; 'a therapeutic agent'; 'therapeutic diets')`
Super-classes	FitForaPurpose^c Useful^c
Sub-classes	Antibacterial^c Antifungal^c

TherapeuticProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TherapeuticProcess`
Description	A purposeful Event performed on the body of an animal for the ultimate goal of improving the health state of an animal that has been diagnosed as having some ''AilmentCondition''. This is more general than in SUMO, as it includes some diagnostic procedures specifically directed at deterining the best treatment, and also cosmetic procedures, all presumably done as part of the actions needed to create some improvement in the health state of an animal, as perceived by the person doing the treatment (for non-human animals or unconscious people), or by the person requesting the procedure. One type of MedicalCareEvent that is not included here is a laboratory test on a sample from a patient. NOTE: improving the health state can be interpreted as merely improving the state of comfort, as 'Massaging' is classified as a subtype of this Type in SUMO. SUMO ('TherapeuticProcess'): A Process that is carried out for the purpose of curing, improving or reducing the pain associated with a DiseaseOrSyndrome. In Cyc called both 'TreatmentProcedure' and 'MedicalTreatmentEvent' appear to be similar to the SUMO 'TherapeuticProcess', so all are merged here in this Type. Cyc (TreatmentProcedure): The collection of procedures during which some organism is treated with respect to some physiological condition affecting it or one of its parts. Cyc (MedicalTreatmentEvent) A subcollection of #$MedicalCareEvent. Each instance of #$MedicalTreatmentEvent is a procedure performed by one or more medical professionals to alleviate or ameliorate a #$PhysiologicalCondition (q.v.). Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'treat' and noun sense 1 of 'treatment' in WordNet: 3. (17) treat, care for - (provide treatment for; 'The doctor treated my broken leg'; 'The nurses cared for the bomb victims'; 'The patient must be treated right away or she will die'; 'Treat the infection with antibiotics') WN noun 'treatment': 1. (28) treatment - (care by procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) WN noun 'therapy': 1. (7) therapy - ((medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.); 'the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury'; 'he tried every treatment the doctors suggested'; 'heat therapy gave the best relief') WN noun 'medical care': 1. (1) medical care, medical aid - (professional treatment for illness or injury)
Super-classes	RestoringEvent^c MedicalCareEvent^c MedicalRemedy^c RepairingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Therapeutic^c
Sub-classes	Acupuncture^c Chiropractic^c DrugTherapy^c Surgery^c Psychotherapy^c Biofeedback^c HospiceCare^c Massaging^c Psychoanalysis^c Rehabilitation^c PhysicalTherapy^c CuringEvent^c InfusingaLiquid^c StitchingAWound^c

TherapeuticallyEffective^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TherapeuticallyEffective`
Description	''TherapeuticallyEffective'' is a form of being 'Effective'', that characterizes ''DrugSubstanceType''s or medical procedures
Super-classes	Active-Effective^c

Therapist^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Therapist

Description

A ''Therapist'' is any kind of ''HealthProfessional'' who tries to heal problems of various kind that are not ''Ailment''s requirig treatment by a ''medicalCareProfessional''.

      This can be for psychological worries or for restoratio
      of bodily funtionafter injury, or even 'spiritual healers' who
      describe their work as 'therapy. Very broad, mostly to 
      include anything called 'therapy'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'therapist' in WordNet:
          1. (9) therapist, healer - (a person skilled in a particular type of therapy)

Super-classes Expert^c
HealthProfessional^c
PersonWithOccupation^c

TherapyRegimen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TherapyRegimen`
Description	A ''TherapyRegimen''' is an abstract specification for Actions to take to cure or alleviate an 'AilmentCondition''. This can include exercises to recover muscle or skeletal function, drug intake, or dietary restrictions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regimen' in WordNet: 1. regimen, regime - ((medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet))`
Super-classes	ProgramForPerformance^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value HealingEvent^c hasExecutionEvent^op value MedicalCareEvent^c

Thereabout^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thereabout

Description

This ''Thereabout'' is a sense of ''Approximately'' used to refer to some location, especially geographical locations.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'thereabout' in WordNet:
          1. thereabout, thereabouts - (near that time or date; 'come at noon or thereabouts')

Super-classes Approximately^c

Thereabouts^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thereabouts

Description

This ''Thereabouts'' is a sense of ''Approximately'' used to refer to some date or time of day.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'thereabouts' in WordNet:
          1. thereabout, thereabouts - (near that time or date; 'come at noon or thereabouts')

Super-classes Approximately^c

Therefore^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Therefore

Description

''Therefore'' is Adverb (represented as an AdverbialModifier ot include its synonyms. IT often functions as an introduction to a phrase or full sentence, somewhat like a conjunction.

   WN adverb 'therefore':
     1. (89) therefore, hence, thence, thus - ((used to introduce a logical
        conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result; 'therefore X must be true';
       'the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory'; 'we were young and thence optimistic';
      'it is late and thus we must go'; 'the witness is biased and so cannot be trusted')
    2. consequently, therefore - (as a consequence; 'he had good reason to be
       grateful for the opportunities which they had made available to him and which 
       consequently led to the good position he now held')
   WN adverb 'consequently':
    1. (7) consequently, accordingly - ((sentence connectors) because of 
       the reason given; 'consequently, he didn't do it'; 'continued to 
       have severe headaches and accordingly returned to the doctor')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Thereof^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thereof

Description

''Thereof'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that modifies the word preceding it, rather than after it, which is very unlike most ''AdverbialModifier's. A strange type of 'adverb'.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thereof' in Wordnet:
           1. (9) thereof - (of or concerning this or that; 'a problem and the solution thereof')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Thermal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thermal

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thermal' in Wordnet:
          1. (31) thermal, thermic, caloric - (relating to or associated with heat; 
             'thermal movements of molecules'; 'thermal capacity'; 'thermic energy'; 
             'the caloric effect of sunlight')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ThermalEnergy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThermalEnergy`
Description	The Energy contained in the motion of molecules or atoms of a PhysicalObject, which is zero energy at the temperature of absolute zero. Also called 'heat' in non-technical language. This energy can be transferred from a body at higher temperature to one at lower temperature by contact of the two bodies together, or by radiating heat energy in the form of infrared radiation. NOTE: ''ThermalEnergy'' is measured as instances of the ''EnergyUnit'', such as 'calories' or ''therms'' or ''BTUs''. NOTE: in Cyc this is described as 'transfer of energy'; All ThermalEnergy is capable of being transfered to a colder body, but this type does not represent the transfer itself. A heating process is 'HeatingProcess' and cooling process is 'CoolingProcess', both being very different from the concept of 'Energy' as represented in COSMO. THe CYC gloss is just given as informative of the difference between COSMO and CYC in this case, and the CYC description does not apply to this COSMO type: Cyc: The transfer of energy into or out of an object either through a change in its #$KineticEnergy (which likewise produces a change in its #$Temperature) or a change in its potential energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heat' in WordNet: 1. (42) heat, heat energy - (a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature)
Super-classes	Energy^c
Sub-classes	GeothermalPower^c

Thermometer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thermometer`
Description	Thermometers that are normally used for measuring purposes. `SUMO: Any Device that measures and represents TemperatureMeasure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thermometer' in Wordnet: 1. (17) thermometer - (measuring instrument for measuring temperature)`
Super-classes	MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value TemperatureMeasure^c
Sub-classes	MedicalThermometer^c

ThermophilicBacterium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThermophilicBacterium

Description

CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium with an optimum growth temperature of greater than (#$DegreeCelsius 45). These #$ProkaryoticCells occur in #$Habitats such as composts, hot springs and hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor.

        Only the more general type in RHW:
        RHW 'thermophile': a thermophilic organism.

Super-classes Bacterium^c

Thermoplastic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thermoplastic

Description

''Thermoplastic'' is a property of solid substances that becomemore flexible when heated. This is used mostcompnly with 'plastics'. In CYC the label 'Thermoplastic' represents a thermoplasticsubstance. For that type see ''ThermplasticSubstance''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thermoplastic' in Wordnet:
         1. thermoplastic - (having the property of softening or fusing 
             when heated and of hardening and becoming rigid again when cooled; 
             'thermoplastic materials can be remelted and cooled time after time 
             without undergoing any appreciable chemical change')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ThermoplasticSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThermoplasticSubstance`
Description	A specialization of #$Plastic and #$HeteroPolymer. Each instance of #$Thermoplastic is a plastic substance that softens when heated but returns to its original condition when cooled to room temperature. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thermoplastic' in WordNet: 1. thermoplastic, thermoplastic resin - (a material that softens when heated and hardens again when cooled)`
Super-classes	Plastic^c Polymer^c
Sub-classes	PhotographicFilm^c

Thermos^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thermos

Description

Containers for keeping liquids at almost their original temperature.

        NOTE:this is only for 'Thermos' bottles that have a contained vacuum as
          an insulating section.  For maintaining an original temperature.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thermos' in WordNet:
          1. thermos, thermos bottle, thermos flask - 
             (vacuum flask that preserves temperature of hot or cold drinks)

Super-classes FoodVessel^c
HandSizedObject^c
Flask^c
StorageConstruct^c

Thermostat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thermostat`
Description	A ''Thermostat'' is a''RegulatorDevice'' that controls the temperature of some system. Common examples include the thermostats regulating the air temperature of a building.. `Works by controlling either heating or cooling (''HeatingDevice'') or both. The ''HeatingDevice'' is not expicitly mentioned as it is not as common as regulating heating devices. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thermostat' in WordNet: 1. (1) thermostat, thermoregulator - (a regulator for automatically regulating temperature by starting or stopping the supply of heat)`
Super-classes	RegulatorDevice^c
Restrictions	controls^op value HeatingDevice^c controls^op value Temperature^c

Thesaurus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thesaurus

Description

A Thesaurus is an arrangement of terms that may or may not include a taxonomy, but usually includes synonymous terms, and some indication of narrower versus broader ranges of meaning. Optionally, a thesaurus may contain a small number of non-isa relations such as part-of and instance-of.

    CYC: The collection of all the thesauruses: books that
        contain information about the antonyms, homonyms, synonyms,
        of a (usually large) set of words.  Usually they describe
        other relationships between words as well.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thesaurus' in Wordnet:
      1. thesaurus, synonym finder - (a book containing a classified list of synonyms)

Super-classes ReferenceWork^c
KnowledgeClassificationSystem^c

TheseDays^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheseDays`
Description	A ''TheseDays'' is a phrase represneting the state of affairs relative to the ''Experience's of some Person or ''GroupOfPeople''. This is used in phrases such as 'these days we don't use that word' or 'times are tough'.
Super-classes	PersistingEvent^c Experience^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pleasant^c

Thesis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thesis`
Description	A ''Thesis'' is an Assertion that is a 'Suggestion', asserted to one or more others for consideration or discussion, for any purpose such as how to explain a phenomenon or how to solve a problem.. `The academic 'thesis' is represented by ''Dissertation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thesis' in WordNet: 1. (3) thesis - (an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument)`
Super-classes	Suggestion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unproven^c

Thick^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thick

Description

'Thick' is an attribute that specifies that something has a larger than usual 'Thickness' (distance measure) relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thick' in WordNet:
       1. (25) thick - (not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively
          great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest 
          of the three solid dimensions; 'an inch thick'; 'a thick board';
          'a thick sandwich'; 'spread a thick layer of butter'; 'thick coating of dust';
          'thick warm blankets')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ThickHide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThickHide`
Description	A ''ThickHide'' is an Mammal's ''Hide'' that is conspicuously ''Thick'', i.e. has greater distance from outside to inside than in most Mammals. This is characterstic of ''Pachyderm''s like elephants and hippos.
Super-classes	Hide^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thick^c

Thickening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thickening`
Description	''Thickening'' is an Event in which some mixture of liquid and solid substances (perhaps dissolved) becomes more ''Viscous'' by any of several processes intentional or natural), such as''ConcentratingaSolution'' (usually by evaporation, but potentially by freezing out the solvent).or adding materials (e.g. flour) to dissolve and increase viscosity, or by heating or some chemical process, Includes transitive and intransitive senses of 'thicken' The restriction refers to ''FodThickener'' but a ''Thickening'' may occur in substances other than foods, and by processes other than adding thickeners. Includes all three verb senses of 'thicken' in WordNet: 1. (2) thicken, inspissate - (make thick or thicker; 'Thicken the sauce'; 'inspissate the tar so that it becomes pitch') 2. (2) thicken, inspissate - (become thick or thicker; 'The sauce thickened'; 'The egg yolk will inspissate"') 3. thicken, inspissate - (make viscous or dense; 'thicken the sauce by adding flour')
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	canBeFacilitatedBy^op value FoodThickener^c causesIncreaseIn^op some (Viscosity^c or ViscosityType^c)

Thicket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thicket`
Description	This ''Thicket'' represents the ''Bush''es growing densely in a ''ThicketArea''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thicket' in WordNet: 1. (11) brush, brushwood, coppice, copse, thicket - (a dense growth of bushes)`
Super-classes	Vegetation^c
Restrictions	occupiesTheRegion^op value ThicketArea^c hasComponentElement^op only Bush^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value GrowingThickly^c

ThicketArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThicketArea`
Description	A ''ThicketArea'' is the ''EcologicalArea'' in which a ''Thicket'' is growing, including only a small amount of ground area beyond the limits of the ''Thicket''.
Super-classes	EcologicalArea^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op only Thicket^c

Thickness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thickness

Description

'Thickness' is one linear dimension of an Object, but it is somewhat ambiguous, if not used for objects that have one dimension significantly shorter than the other two. The dimension that represents Thickness may depend on the perspective of an observer. For layers or sheets, it is usually the shortest dimension.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thickness' in WordNet:
    1. (4) thickness - (the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width)

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

Thief^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thief`
Description	A 'Thief' is any Person (any sex) who has performed 'Stealing'. This does not mean that the person so labeled is a habitual Thief, it only means that one can specify some 'Stealing' that was performed by that Person `Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'thief' in WordNet; NOTE that a 'Thief' does not have to be a 'criminal' in COSMO: in WordNet: 1. (10) thief, stealer - (a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it)`
Super-classes	BadGuy^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some Stealing^c
Sub-classes	Pillager^c Burglar^c Robber^c Bandit^c

Thigh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thigh`
Description	The upper leg between the knee and hip. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thigh' in Wordnet: 1. (9) thigh - (the part of the leg between the hip and the knee)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Leg^c
Sub-classes	PigThigh^c

Thimble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thimble`
Description	A protective 'cover'for the finger tip, often used while sewing to avoid piercing the finger with a needle. This is only for small thimbles actually usable on the ''FingerTip'' - larger decorative ''Thimble''s used as a container are not included. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thimble' in WordNet: 2. thimble - (a small metal cap to protect the finger while sewing; can be used as a small container)`
Super-classes	RigidObject^c Covering-Object^c Device^c ProtectiveSystem^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Cup^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c isDesignedToCover^op value FingerTip^c

Thin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thin`
Description	'Thin' is an attribute that specifies that something has a smaller than usual Thickness relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. This can be used for lines in text that are perceptually two-dimensional to fere to the smaller dimension of the line, as well as the actual thickness of the ink that is on the page; the context needs to disambiguate. (@ToDo: distinguish these two senses). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and 3 of 'thin' in WordNet: 1. (17) thin - (of relatively small extent from one surface to the opposite or in cross section; 'thin wire'; 'a thin chiffon blouse'; 'a thin book'; 'a thin layer of paint') 3. (7) slender, thin - (very narrow; 'a thin line across the page')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Crispy^c Lean^c Beaten^c

ThinSkinned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThinSkinned

Description

''ThinSkinned'' is a subattribute of 'Oversensitive' characterizing people who easily take offense.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thin-skinned' in Wordnet:
         1. huffy, thin-skinned, feisty, touchy - (quick to take offense)

Super-classes Sensitive^c

ThingAbsent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThingAbsent`
Description	A 'ThingAbsent' is an Entity that is known to be absent (i.e. not to be) in a particular location. This is the Entity of interest in a 'Absence'. `NOTE: @ToDo1343 The restriction specifies that the thing must be 'elsewhere' (''Alibi'') but that ''Alibi'' could be ''Nowhere'' if the thing does not exist. BUT** this type does not require that the place it is absent from be specified. This should be added - does it need a new relation??`
Super-classes	Individual^c (Object^c or GenericAgent^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Elsewhere^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Absent^c
Sub-classes	Absentee^c

ThingContainingSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThingContainingSubstance`
Description	Each ''ThingContainingSubstance'' is a an Object or Substance that has some significant content of some specific PhysicalSubstance. `NOTE: Representing the exact amount or proportion of a constituent substance may need some additional mechanism. For that purpose relation ''hasFractionalComponent'' can be used.`
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	contains^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	AqueousThing^c AlcoholicThing^c

ThingPresent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThingPresent`
Description	A 'ThingPresent' is an Entity that is known to be in a particular location. This is the Entity of interest in a 'Presence'. This has nothing to do with gifts (presents).
Super-classes	Individual^c (Object^c or GenericAgent^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some GenericLocation^c

ThingWithAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThingWithAttribute`
Description	This is a class aggregating all classes that are defined by specifying that the thing (object, event) has some particuar attribute. The subclasses are faceted classes restricted to facets that are AttributeValues. These classes might be but are not yet (rev1615) defined as 'equivalent classes' to allow the possibility that an attribute can be asserted about something without all of the typical logical implications following for having that attribute. This remains to be considered. For Objects with specific attributes, use ''ObjectWithAttribute''. NOTE that CYC uses this type of class instead of more abstract ''AttributeType''s. In COSMO the main attribute hierarchy is kept separate from object types so as to emphasize the familiar (English) grammatical usage. Where having an attribute has significant logical implications, the use of the ''ThingWithAttribute'' for that attribute will allow more flexibility in specifying those logical implications in OWL. The relative utility of the alternate treatment of QualitativeAttributes will become clearer with usage.
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op some (AttributeValueType^c or AttributeTypeType^c or AttributeValue^c or AttributeValueType^c or AttributeTypeType^c or AttributeValue^c)
Sub-classes	SalientThing^c Requirement^c LiquidThing^c VisibleThing^c ExistingThing^c WorthlessThing^c UnwantedThing^c ValuableThing^c InanimateThing^c MythicalThing^c Enticement^c VariableThing^c UnlikelyThing^c EquivalentThing^c AnnoyingThing^c Nonessential^c GoodThing^c UnimportantThing^c LegendaryThing^c BadThing^c GenericParticipant^c NovelThing^c FictionalThing^c Adjunct^c ObjectWithAttribute^c UnusualThing^c Hindrance^c ObservableThing^c PlanarObject^c IndivisibleThing^c MalleableObject^c RoutineThing^c AnimateThing^c Peeve^c ImportantThing^c UniqueThingInaContext^c HorribleThing^c MagicalThing^c InterestingThing^c WetObject^c
Members	SuccessfulThing

ThinkTank^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThinkTank

Description

A ''ThinkTank'' is an Institution that performs research, mostly on issues of public policy. It may have a noticeable ideological orientation or bias.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'think tank' in WordNet:
          1. think tank, think factory - (a company that does research for hire 
             and issues reports on the implications)

Super-classes Institution^c

Thinker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thinker`
Description	A '''Thinker'' is an ''Intellectual'' who not only knows a lot but thinks deeply - a 'deep thinker'. `Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'thinker' in WordNet: 1. (1) thinker, creative thinker, mind - (an important intellectual; 'the great minds of the 17th century') 2. thinker - (someone who exercises the mind (usually in an effort to reach a decision))`
Super-classes	IntellectualPerson^c
Sub-classes	Classifier^c

Thinking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thinking`
Description	COSMO note: the restriction requires that all Thinking occur at some Intellect, but the 'occursAt' relation is a type-level relation that does not require actual instantiation of the Intellect where the Thinking occurs. The 'Intellect' can be artificial (i.e. a computer), so this does not have to occur in a 'Brain' (an organic object). Cyc: A specialization of both #$IntentionalMentalEvent and #$StrictlyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$Thinking is a mental process with at least some propositional content (cf. #$Proposition), differing in this way from the mere experiencing of sensation or emotion (cf. #$ExperiencingEmotion). The collection includes both 'atomic' mental events of having a single thought with propositional content, and 'composite' mental events involving the processing or analyzing of thoughts. It is widely considered to be necessarily accompanied by consciousness (cf. #$Consciousness), but it is at least arguable whether this is really the case (consider as possible counterexamples subconscious thoughts, or the thinking of an intelligent machine). Instances of #$Thinking also need not necessarily be instances of #$PurposefulMentalActivity (q.v.) - consider obsessive thoughts, for instance. Notable specializations of this collection include #$Concentrating and #$GroupingThingsMentally. Note that as a specialization of #$StrictlyMentalEvent, #$Thinking does not include mental activities which essentially involve some relationship to extra-mental objects - such as, for instance, #$ThinkingAboutTheStateOfTheWorld. Thus, mental activities such as #$Evaluating and #$InventingSomething are specializations of #$ThinkingAboutTheStateOfTheWorld rather than of #$Thinking. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'think', noun sense 1 of 'thinking' and noun sense 2 of 'thought'in WordNet: 3. (111) think, cogitate, cerebrate - (use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments; 'I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere') WN noun 'thought': 2. (21) thinking, thought, thought process, cerebration, intellection, mentation - (the process of using your mind to consider something carefully; 'thinking always made him frown'; 'she paused for thought')
Super-classes	StrictlyMentalEvent^c EngagingInAnActivity^c PurposefulMentalActivity^c HigherCognitiveProcess^c ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Intellect^c
Sub-classes	ComposingText^c Doubting^c ThinkingIntuitively^c Reasoning^c Preoccupation^c Judging^c ThinkingAboutSomething^c

ThinkingAboutSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThinkingAboutSomething`
Description	Each 'ThinkingAboutSomething' is a Thinking which has some specific main topic.
Super-classes	EngagingInAnActivity^c Thinking^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	TakingIntoConsideration^c Ideation^c WonderingWhether^c UsingSomethingAsaBasis^c Concentrating^c Considering^c Guessing^c

ThinkingIntuitively^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThinkingIntuitively`
Description	A 'ThinkingIntuitively' is a stative Event in which an IntelligentAgent arrives at conclusions by an 'intuitive' process that depends on unconscious statistical processes in the brain as contrasted with ''Reasoning'' which considers premises and draws conclusions based on logical processes. Most human thinking is done by ''ThinkingIntuitively''. `NOTE: This is the method of 'Thinking' that is called by Daniel Kahneman (se entry ''DanielKahneman'') as 'System 1' (fast and intuitive) and contrasts that with the method of thinking he calls 'System 2' (slow and logical). These systems are represented in COSMO by ''ThinkingIntuitively'' and ''Reasoning'', respectively. For more detail about Kahneman's analysis of thinking, see hs excellent book: 'Thinking, Fast and Slow' Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York (2011).`
Super-classes	MentalState^c Thinking^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Intuiting^c wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c produces^op value Suspicion^c

ThinkingUnit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThinkingUnit`
Description	A ''ThinkingUnit'' is a PhysicalObject that can perform a ''CognitiveProcess''. At this time, that kind of process is considered in COSMO to be a capability of either an Animal's ''Brain'' or the deciding component of an ''Automaton''. Since the 'deciding component' may be locatedanwhere in an Automaton, this type represents the general concept of some PhysicalObject that can 'think' in the sense of evalating data and making decisions.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value CognitiveProcess^c performsAction^op value CognitiveProcess^c performsAction^op value Deciding^c

Thinly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thinly`
Description	''Thinly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify actions that result in things that are ''Thin''. 'the butter was spread thinly' opposite of 'thickly' or 'thick'? `Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'thinly' in Wordnet: 3. thinly, lightly - (in a small quantity or extent; 'spread the margarine thinly over the meat'; 'apply paint lightly')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Sparsely^c

ThinlySpaced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThinlySpaced

Description

''ThinlySpaced'' is an adverbial form for ''WidelySpaced''

       Corresponds to adverb sense 4 of 'thinly' in Wordnet:
         4. thinly - (in a widely distributed manner; 'thinly overgrown mountainside')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

ThinningOutaGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThinningOutaGroup`
Description	''ThinningOutaGroup'' is a 'Reduction' in the number of PhysicalObjects per unit area or volume in a ''ObjectGroup''. Very general. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thin out' in WordNet: 1. (1) thin out - (make sparse; 'thin out the young plants')`
Super-classes	Reduction^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Sparser^c
Sub-classes	PruningaPlant^c

Third-Party^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Third-Party`
Description	`'third-party' as an adjective is not in WN or RHW.`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

ThirdParty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirdParty`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'third party' in WordNet: 2. third party - (a political party organized in opposition to the major parties in a two-party system`
Super-classes	PoliticalParty^c

ThirdPlace^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThirdPlace

Description

In Olympic contests, ''ThirdPlace'' gets a Bonze Medal.

     NOTE: 'third-place may be treated as an adjective.  @ToDo.

Super-classes ContestRank^c

Thirdly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thirdly

Description

''Thirdly'' is an AdverbialModifier used to introduce a topic that should be considered third, following the topic labeled ''Secondly''.

       Corresponds to adjverb sense 1 of 'thirdly' in Wordnet:
         1. third, thirdly - (in the third place; 'third we must consider unemployment')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Thirst^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thirst

Description

An unpleasant internal Sensation caused by physiological processes reacting to lack recent flid intake. Its evolutionary survival value is to prompt the Animal to drink so as to maintain proper fluid balance.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirst' in WordNet:
        1. (2) thirst, thirstiness - (a physiological need to drink)

Super-classes BodySensation^c
UnpleasantBodyEvent^c

Thirsty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thirsty

Description

An AttributeValue of an Animal that is experiencing Thirst.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'thirsty' in WordNet:
        2. thirsty - (feeling a need or desire to drink;
          'after playing hard the children were thirsty')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c

Thistle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thistle`
Description	A ''Thistle'' is a ''Weed'' RHW: any of various prickly, composite plants having showy, purple flower heads , esp. of the genera Cirsium, Carduus, or Onopordum. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thistle' in WordNet: 1. thistle - (any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves)`
Super-classes	Weed^c FloweringPlant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c

Thong^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thong`
Description	A ''Thong'' is a ''LeatherStrip'' used as part of an article of clothing. This is a specialized meaning of the word 'thong'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thong' in WordNet: 2. thong - (a thin strip of leather; often used to lash things together)`
Super-classes	LeatherStrip^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value ClothingItem^c

Thorium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thorium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of thorium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Thorium or ThoriumStuff.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thorium' in WordNet:
           1. (1) thorium, Th, atomic number 90 - (a soft silvery-white 
             tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 
             is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Thorn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thorn`
Description	The small sharp process on the stem or branch of a plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thorn' in Wordnet: 2. spine, thorn, prickle, pricker, sticker, spikelet - (a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf)`
Super-classes	SpineSpikeOrQuill^c PlantPart^c PointyEndedObject^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c

Thorough^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thorough

Description

'Thorough' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who conducts an Action thoroughly; this attribute can be used for specific actions, and its use does not necessarily imply that a person is habitually thorough.

  Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'Thorough' in WordNet -
  the part pertaining to perople, not to actions.  For the attribute
  pertaining to actions conducted throughly, use 'Thorough'.:
  in WordNet:
    1. (4) thorough - (painstakingly careful and accurate;
        'our accountant is thorough'; 'thorough research')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

Thoroughgoing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thoroughgoing

Description

'Thoroughgoing' is an attribute of an Action that was performed carefully so as not to omit any part that should have been included.. For the attribute of people who are 'Thoroughgoing' use 'Thorough'

      This concept has some overlap with 'Complete' but
        does not appear to be a subtype; an action may be
        thorough without being complete, if there were optioanl
        actions that were not deemed necessary to achieve the goal.
      in WordNet:
       2. (3) exhaustive, thorough, thoroughgoing - (very thorough;
          exhaustively complete; 'an exhaustive study'; 'made a thorough search';
          'thoroughgoing research')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Thought^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thought`
Description	Each thought is a MentalObject that is either one of the units of Thinking or is a complex of multiple units. This is an Object in the Mind, not an Event or process of Thinking. The physiological/neural structures or processes corresponding to a Thought are not understood, and no attempt is made here to represent the actual structure of a Thought. A Proposition may have a representation in a Thought, but these two concepts are used for different purposes, and are kept separate in COSMO, though both are MentalObjects. `This corresponds to sense 1 of 'thought' and sense 1 of 'idea' in WordNet: 1. (539) idea, thought - (the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; 'it was not a good idea'; 'the thought never entered my mind')`
Super-classes	MentalObject^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Brain^c
Sub-classes	Notion^c Concept^c Postulate^c Inkling^c

Thoughtful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thoughtful

Description

  Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'thoughtful' in WordNet:
    1. (2) thoughtful - (having intellectual depth; 'a deeply thoughtful essay')
    2. (1) thoughtful - (exhibiting or characterized by careful thought;
         'a thoughtful paper')

Super-classes Careful^c

Thoughtfully^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thoughtfully`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'thoughtfully' in Wordnet: 1. (8) thoughtfully - (in a thoughtful manner; 'he stared thoughtfully out the window')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Thrashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thrashing`
Description	''Thrashing'' is a vigorous and painful manner of ''BeatingAnAnimal''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thrash' in WordNet: 1. (2) thrash, thresh, lam, flail - (give a thrashing to; beat hard)`
Super-classes	BeatingAnAnimal^c Punishing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectStruck^op value Person^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vigorous^c hasManner^op value Vigorously^c

ThrashingAbout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThrashingAbout`
Description	A ''ThrashingAbout'' is a 'ShakingMotion' that is performed involuntarily by an Animal. This is an intransitive Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 3. convulse, thresh, thresh about, thrash, thrash about, slash, toss, jactitate - (move or stir about violently; 'The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed') WN verb 'flail': 2. flail, thresh - (move like a flail; thresh about; "Her arms were flailing")`
Super-classes	InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c ActionSeries^c ShakingMotion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Involuntary^c hasBodypartMoved^op value Torso^c occursDuring^op value LyingHorizontally^c

Thread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thread`
Description	'Thread' is a solid PhysicalSubstance that is in the shape of a thin line (for an Object that is composed of Thread use 'PieceOfthread'). 'Thread' generally smaller in diameter than a String. thread, yarn
Super-classes	FibrousSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flexible^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c

ThreadType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreadType`
Description	''ThreadType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for classes of thread-like objects like Yarn or PieceOfThread..
Super-classes	SolidObjectType^c
Members	Yarn PieceOfThread HairBraid

ThreadedDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreadedDevice`
Description	Any Device that has spiral threads on the outside or inside of a shaft (which may be tapered), required for the Device to perform its intended function. This can be for fasteners such as screw and nuts, or for the screw-contining portions of devices such as worm drives, in which a screw interlocks with a toothed gear to transmit rotation or convert rotation to translation. NOTE that a 'ScrewShapedObject' is not necessarily a ThreadedDevice, because the spiral of a drill bit is not really threading in this sense, and the threading of a ThreadedDevice may be internal, as in a nut. Includes, among other things, senses 2 and 4 of 'screw' in WordNet: 2. screw - (a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole) 4. screw - (a fastener with a tapered threaded shank and a slotted head)
Super-classes	Device^c
Sub-classes	Screw-Connector^c Nut-TheDevice^c ScrewTopCap^c TaperedScrew^c

Threat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Threat

Description

The propositional content of a 'Threatening' Action. (see 'Threatening',a subtype of 'Communication'). This will often be of the form 'if Agent A does some act X, then agent B (the threatening agent) will do act Y'. This is the content of a ''Threatening'' action.

     This does not represent the ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that might harm an
     agent, only the content of a communication conveying an intention to
     do harm under certain circumstances.

      Corresponds most closely to noun sense 2 of 'threat' in WordNet:
        2. (4) threat - (a warning that something unpleasant is imminent;
         'they were under threat of arrest')

Super-classes Assertion^c

Threatened^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Threatened

Description

CYC: The collection of #$BiologicalSpecies and other #$OrganismClassificationTypes that are threatened with extinction. This is less serious than being #$Endangered.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'threatened' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) threatened - ((of flora or fauna) likely in the near future 
             to become endangered; 'the spotted owl is a threatened species,
             not yet an endangered one')

Super-classes Vulnerable^c

Threatening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Threatening`
Description	COSMO note: this type combines two CYC types: Threatening-CommunicationAct' and 'Threat'. Both of those types refer to Actions in which a threat is conveyed. The term 'threat' in COSMO is used for the propositional content of a 'Threatening' NOTE: the sense of ''Threatening'' for the purpose of intimidating is represented by ''MakingaThreat''. This ''Threatening'' is more generic, but can be used for gratituous threats that are made of any purpose,such as instilling fear, as a revenge for something. For the adjective 'threatening' use ''Ominous''. Cyc: Threatening-CommunicationAct This is the collection of acts in which one agent threatens another. The propositional content can typically be divided into a demand and what the sender of info intends if the demand is not met. Note that this has not been made a subset of #$Intimidation-CommunicationAct, as the intention of a threat may be intimidation but the one making the threat may be unsuccesful. CYC 'Threat' An instance of #$CommissiveIllocutionaryForce and a specialization of #$InformationTransferEvent. #$Threats are conditional. The form of a #$Threat is: 'If you (the #$threatenedAgent) do <i>X</i>, I (the #$threateningAgent) will do <i>Y</i>', where the threatening agent believes that the threatened agent has a vested interested in the threatening agent's not doing <i>Y</i>. (NB: We assume that refraining from doing an action is itself an action.) In English, threats are sometimes disguised as conjunctions, as in 'You do that again and I'll punch your lights out'. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 3 and verb sense 2 of 'threat' in WordNet: 3. (4) threat - (declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another; 'his threat to kill me was quite explicit') WN verb 'threaten': 2. (21) threaten - (to utter intentions of injury or punishment against: 'He threatened me when I tried to call the police')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c CommunicationAct-Single^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Threat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ominous^c
Sub-classes	MakingAThreat^c

ThreateningDeath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreateningDeath`
Description	''ThreatentingDeath'' is an Action performed by anything - Object, Situation, or Action - that has a significant potential to cause ''Death'' to an Organism.
Super-classes	DangerousThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LifeThreatening^c mayCause^op value Death^c

Three-Day^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Three-Day`
Description	''Three-Day'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''ThreeDays'' or of Actions that take ''ThreeDays''
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Three-Hour^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Three-Hour`
Description	''Three-Hour'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''ThreeHours'' or of Actions that take ''ThreeHours''
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Three-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Three-Year-Old`
Description	''Three-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are three years old, i.e. were created or born three years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Three-month^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Three-month`
Description	''Three-month'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for three months, or plans that specify Events over the course of three months. 'a three-month project'; 'a three-month vacation'
Super-classes	LastingForSomeTime^c

Three-point^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Three-point

Description

''Three-point'' is an attribute that characterized a score of three points in any game, or of the Action that achieves such a score.

         .No WN sense for 'three-point'

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Three-way^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Three-way

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'three-way' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) triangular, trilateral, tripartite, three-party, three-way -
             (involving three parties or elements; 'the triangular mother-father-child 
             relationship'; 'a trilateral agreement'; 'a tripartite treaty'; 
             'a tripartite division'; 'a three-way playoff')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ThreeAgentAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeAgentAction`
Description	A ''ThreeAgentAction'' ia a ''SocialInteraction'' in which three people (a ''Threesome'') participate.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value Threesome^c

ThreeDimensional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeDimensional`
Description	The property of being an Object having three dimensions. `The wordNet adjective 'cubic' merely means having three dimensions; the sense os being shaped like a 'Cube' , so that WN word is not included in the WN listing. in WordNet: 1. (1) cubic, three-dimensional - (having three dimensions)`
Super-classes	ShapeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Ellipsoidal^c Polyhedral^c Bulbous^c Spheroidal^c

ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical`
Description	An instance of #$GeometricShapeType and a specialization of #$Figure-Geometrical and #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing (qq.v.). Each instance of #$PlaneFigure-Geometrical is an intangible two-dimensional geometrical figure, i.e. a two-dimensional part of some (flat or curved) plane. This collection includes, for instance, intangible #$Polygons and #$Discs.
Super-classes	Object3D^c GeometricFigure^c TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Sub-classes	Hemisphere^c Sphere^c Wedge^c Prism^c Pyramid^c

ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing`
Description	A #$SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality and a specialization of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing, #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, and #$ShapedThing (qq.v.). Each instance of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing is a three-dimensional geometrically-describable object. Examples include spatially-localized objects, such as the Pentagon, as well as abstract 3-D geometric objects. Specializations of this collection include #$Polyhedron, #$Ellipsoid, and #$Hemisphere. `SUMO: The class of GeometricFigures that have position and an extension along three dimensions, viz. geometric solids like polyhedrons and cylinders.`
Super-classes	Object3D^c TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c ShapedThing^c
Sub-classes	Cone^c ScrewShapedObject^c CylinderGeometrical^c DiskGeometrical^c Ovoid^c Torus^c ConvexTangibleObject^c Hemisphere^c TubeGeometrical^c Arch^c SpiralObject^c Polyhedron^c

ThreeDimensionalRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeDimensionalRegion`
Description	A ''ThreeDimensionalRegion'' is a BFO concept that is a parent of several COSMO concepts, bt is not directly separated from one- or two- dimenstional regions by a 'disjoint' assertion. NOTE: for a Location in our real universe, use specific subtypes of ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''. `BFO 'ThreeDimensionalRegion': BFO: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with three dimensions. BFO: Examples: a cube-shaped part of space, a sphere-shaped part of space.`
Super-classes	SpatialRegion^c Object3D^c TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value ThreeDimensional^c
Sub-classes	VolumeOfSpace^c

ThreeLayeredObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeLayeredObject`
Description	A ''LayeredObject'' having three layers, no two of which need to be of the same type.
Super-classes	LayeredObject^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeLayers^c
Sub-classes	Sandwich^c

ThreePoints^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreePoints`
Description	''ThreePoints'' is a quantity of three points acquired by one ''ScoringPoints'' Action, as in a ''FieldGoal'' in AmericanFootball. `Note that the instances of this type would be the result of specific scoring events in some specific game..`
Super-classes	GamePoints^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 3^c

ThreeSupportingWheels^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeSupportingWheels`
Description	''ThreeSupportingWheels'' is the Group of three 'SupportingWheels''s on the same wheeled vehicle.
Super-classes	ObjectTrio^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value SupportingWheel^c

ThreeWayJunctionOfPaths^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeWayJunctionOfPaths`
Description	CYC: A collection of junctions of paths. A member of this collection exists where three #$SimpleUnloopedSegmentOfPaths meet together, or where one #$SimpleUnloopedSegmentOfPath joins the two ends of a #$SimpleLoopedSegmentOfPath that loops back to that junction. If it is a three way junction in a specified #$PathSystem, use #$threeWayJunctionInSystem. (Determining what constitutes a #$ThreeWayJunctionOfPaths depends on the #$PathTypes of the joined paths; if it is #$River then only a junction of rivers qualifies, not the place where a road joins a river.)
Super-classes	JunctionOfPaths^c

ThreeYear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeYear

Description

''ThreeYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for three years, or plans that specify Events over the course of three years.

        'A three-year course in Nursng.'
        'Law school is typically a three-year course'.

Super-classes LastingForSomeTime^c

ThreeYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeYears^c

Threesome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Threesome

Description

A ''Threesome'' is any Group of three people.

   Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'threesome' and sense 5 of 'trio'  in Wordnet:
      2. trio, threesome, triad, trinity - (three people considered as a unit)

Super-classes GroupOfPeople^c
Trio^c

ThreshingGrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreshingGrain`
Description	''ThreshingGrain'' is a ''StrikingRepeatedly''in which some reaped 'grain'crop with the seeds attached to the stalk (straw) is beaten so as to loosen the seeds from the stalk. The beating of the grain was done by several methods, in older times sometimes using a ''Flail'' to beat the grain by hand. "Threshing is the process of separation of grain from the stalk on which it develops and from the chaff or unit that covers it. In the process, the edible part of the crop is loosened but not the fibre part. It is done after harvesting and before winnowing" From Wikipedia: Threshing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain from the straw to which it is attached. It is the step in grain preparation after reaping. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain. thresCorresponds to verb sense 3 of '' in WordNet: 3. thrash, thresh - (beat the seeds out of a grain)
Super-classes	StrikingRepeatedly^c
Restrictions	alwaysFollows^op value ReapingCrops^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Beaten^c hasSubEvent^op min 2 produces^op value SeedGrain^c

Threshold^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Threshold

Description

The 'StartingTime' of an event or Process is its ''Threshold''. This metaphorical term is used to characterize the immediate time before the starting use of a significant new activity or life phase. 'one the threshold of success'.

     these terms usually are used in the phrase:
               'on the (verge,brink,threshold) of ..'

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'threshold' in WordNet:
       1. (7) threshold - (the starting point for a new state or experience; 
           'on the threshold of manhood')
       5. brink, threshold, verge - (a region marking a boundary)

Super-classes StartingTime^c

Thrilled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thrilled

Description

''Thrilled'' is an attribute of a ''Person'' who was the object of a ''ThrillingaPerson'' Action.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thrilled' in Wordnet:
          1. thrilled - (feeling intense pleasurable excitement)

Super-classes Troubled^c

Thriller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thriller`
Description	A''Thriller'' can be represented as a book, play or Movie. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thriller' in WordNet: 1. (1) thriller - (a suspenseful adventure story or play or movie)`
Super-classes	AdventureStory^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce^op value ThrillingaPerson^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Suspenseful^c

Thrilling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thrilling

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thrilling' in WordNet:
          1. (2) electrifying, thrilling - (causing a surge of emotion or excitement; 
             'she gave a electrifying performance'; 'a thrilling performer to watch')

Super-classes Exciting^c

ThrillingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThrillingaPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thrill' in WordNet: 1. (2) thrill - (cause to be thrilled by some perceptual input; 'The men were thrilled by a loud whistle blow')`
Super-classes	StimulatingaFeeling^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Thrilled^c

Thriving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thriving

Description

''Thriving'' is an attribute of an Organism (Plant or Animal) or species of Organism that is living and getting larger (for an individual or more populous (for a species).

      For businesses that are continuing to be more than marginally profitable, use ''Booming''.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'thriving' in Wordnet:
            2. flourishing, growing, thriving - (having or showing vigorous vegetal or animal life;
               'flourishing crops'; 'flourishing chicks'; 'a growing boy'; 'fast-growing weeds'; 
               'a thriving deer population')

Super-classes Beneficial^c

ThrivingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThrivingEvent`
Description	A ''ThrivingEvent'' is a ''GrowingEvent'' and a ''Development'' in which the agent that is growing increases in size or strength or intensity of some good attribute that might not have increased, or not increased as rapidly. This is often applied to children that grow normally and are not stunted, but it also applies in a metaphorical sense to any ongoing effort that improves in desirable results over time,including businesses and national economies. For businesses and national economies, the more specific subAttribute ''Booming'' (representing adjective 'booming') is commonly used `This is very general, and does not have ant significant restrictions. The increase in 'strength' can be metaphorical. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thrive' in WordNet: 1. (3) boom, prosper, thrive, get ahead, flourish, expand - (grow stronger; "The economy was booming")`
Super-classes	Expanding^c GoodThing^c GrowingEvent^c Development^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Stronger^c subjectBecomes^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_better^c
Sub-classes	BurgeoningEvent^c UncontrolledGrowth^c

Throat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Throat`
Description	SUMO: A BodyVessel (COSMO: 'AnatomicalVessel') which connects the Mouth to the lungs and stomach. **NOTE: In CYC as both 'Throat' and* 'pharynx': The collection of all pharynges. Each instance of this collection is a unique part of the body, being the throat cavity between the #$Mouth and nasal passages on one side and #$Esophagus and #$Larynx passages on the other. The #$Pharynx is a part of both the #$RespiratorySystem and the #$DigestiveSystem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'throat' in WordNet: 1. (35) throat, pharynx - (the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone)
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Mouth^c

Throbbing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Throbbing`
Description	''Throbbing'' is a ''CausingAnAche'' in which the ''PainOrAche' caused repeats at short intervals. For normal heart beating see ''Beating''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'throb' and noun sense 1 of 'throbbing' in WordNet: 1. (2) throb - (pulsate or pound with abnormal force; 'my head is throbbing'; 'Her heart was throbbing') WN noun 'throbbing': 1. (1) throb, throbbing, pounding - (an instance of rapid strong pulsation (of the heart); 'he felt a throbbing in his head')`
Super-classes	Pulsating^c EventSeries^c CausingAnAche^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value OnePulse^c occursAt^op value nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25232^c

ThrobbingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThrobbingSound

Description

A ''ThrobbingSound'' is a ''Sound'' consisting of multiple low-pitched short sounds repeated at relatively constant intervals suggestive of a musical beat or drum beat.

      This may be caused by a ''Pounding'' Event.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'throbbing' in WordNet:
         2. throbbing - (a sound with a strong rhythmic beat; 'the throbbing of the engines')

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Thrombosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thrombosis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thrombosis' in WordNet: 1. (1) thrombosis - (the formation or presence of a thrombus (a clot of coagulated blood attached at the site of its formation) in a blood vessel)`
Super-classes	Occlusion^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Thrombus^c
Sub-classes	CoronaryThrombosis^c

Thrombus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thrombus`
Description	A ''Thrombus'' is a ''BloodClot'' that has not moved from the place where it was formed; a ''BloodClot'' in a ''BloodVessel'' that breaks away from its place of formation is dangerous, as it can move to the brain and cause a stroke, or damage some other body organ. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thrombus' in WordNet: 1. (1) thrombus - (a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin)`
Super-classes	BloodClot^c
Restrictions	isInsideOf^op value BloodVessel^c

Throne^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Throne`
Description	A ''Throne' is a ''Chair'' designed for and reserved for the use of a ''Monarch-HeadOfState'', especially during formal occasions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'throne' in WordNet: 1. (1) throne - (the chair of state of a monarch, bishop, etc.; 'the king sat on his throne')`
Super-classes	Chair^c
Restrictions	isForTheUseOf^op value Monarch-HeadOfState^c

Throng^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Throng`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'throng' in WordNet: 1. (3) multitude, throng, concourse - (a large gathering of people)`
Super-classes	AssemblageOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c
Sub-classes	Horde^c

Throwing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Throwing`
Description	Causing an object to fly though the air by propelling it with the hands and giving it momemtum by a rapid movement of the arms, releasing it from the hand. (not included: throw a party, throw a fit, throw a match) In Cyc 'ThrowingAnObject': CYC: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$ProjectilePropelling. Each instance of #$ThrowingAnObject is a #$VoluntaryBodyMovement in which someone sends something flying through the air by quickly moving or straightening his #$Arm, and, in the process, releasing the object from his grasp. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'throw' and verb sense 1 of '' in WordNet: WN 'throw' noun: 1. (4) throw - (the act of throwing (propelling something through the air with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist); 'the catcher made a good throw to second base') WN 'throw' verb: 1. (53) throw - (project through the air; 'throw a frisbee')
Super-classes	UsingTheHand^c HeavingAnObject^c CastingSomething^c Impelling^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	Hurling^c FlingingSomething^c ChuckingSomething^c ThrowingADiscus^c BaseballPitch^c ThrowingSnowballs^c FootballPass^c ThrowingSomethingOverboard^c Tossing^c

ThrowingADiscus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThrowingADiscus`
Description	COSMO note: this action can be done even when not actual participating in a sporting event, just for amusement. `CYC: The collection of events in which an agent throws a discus while participating in the discus throw sporting event`
Super-classes	Throwing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value Discus^c

ThrowingSnowballs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThrowingSnowballs`
Description	''ThrowingSnowballs'' is a ''Throwing'' Action in which the Object thrown is a ''Snowball''. This includes the transitive sense of verb 'snowball'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'snowball' in WordNet: 2. snowball - (throw snowballs at)`
Super-classes	GameEvent^c Throwing^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Snowball^c

ThrowingSomethingOverboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThrowingSomethingOverboard`
Description	''ThrowingSomethingOverboard'' is a 'Discarding' in which a Person throws some PhysicalObject (possibly liquid) from a Boat in the the BodyOfWater that the Boat is floating on, in order to get rid of it. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'throw overboard' in WordNet: 2. deep-six, throw overboard - (throw from a boat)`
Super-classes	DirectedTranslation^c Discarding^c Throwing^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Boat^c hasStartingPlace^op value Boat^c occursAt^op value BodyOfWater^c hasEndingPlace^op value BodyOfWater^c

Thrust^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thrust

Description

''Thrust'' is the Force that is created by a ''PushingEvent''. The ''Pushing' can come from a solid object pushing on another solid object (and that kind of pushing can be transmitted through a chain of objects), or from the 'reaction' to a motion of gases or other objects that are propelled in the opposite direction of the ''Trust'' vector. The reaction type of ''Thrust'' is what propels jet engines and rockets, and also rubber balloons that are blown up and then allowed to deflate by the contained air rushing out. Thrust can also be created by rotation of a propeller.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thrust' in WordNet:
      1. (2) push, thrust - (the force used in pushing; 'the push of the water 
         on the walls of the tank'; 'the thrust of the jet engines')
    WN noun 'propulsion':
      1. propulsion - (a propelling force)

Super-classes Force^c

Thrusting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thrusting`
Description	''Thrusting'' is an Action in which some SolidObject is caused to move some direction by an intentional Action of some part of the body that applies force to that object. The Object thrusted could be part of the body. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thrust' in WordNet: 1. (11) thrust - (push forcefully; 'He thrust his chin forward')`
Super-classes	AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce^c
Sub-classes	GoadingAnAnimal^c

Thud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thud`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thud' in WordNet: 1. (1) thump, thumping, clump, clunk, thud - (a heavy dull sound (as made by impact of heavy objects))`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c

Thulium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thulium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of thulium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thulium' in WordNet:
          1. thulium, Tm, atomic number 69 -
            (a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group;
            isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; 
            it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime)

Super-classes RareEarthElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

Thumb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thumb`
Description	A specialized finger opposed to the other fingers of the hand which allows the hand to grasp objects. `SUMO: The thick, short Finger of each Hand. Corresponds to sense 1 of noun 'thumb' in WordNet: 1. (5) thumb, pollex - (the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb)`
Super-classes	Finger^c
Sub-classes	LeftThumb^c

ThumbTack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThumbTack`
Description	A ''Tack'' with a short shaft and a head as wide or wider than the shaft. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thumbtack' in WordNet: 1. thumbtack, drawing pin, pushpin - (a tack for attaching papers to a bulletin board or drawing board)`
Super-classes	Tack^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value WideNailHead^c isUsedInAction^op value ThumbTacking^c

ThumbTacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThumbTacking`
Description	''ThumbTacking'' is using a ''ThumbTack'' to attach a ''FreeSheet'' (usually paper) to a penetrable but firm surface. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thumbtack' in WordNet: 1. thumbtack - (fasten with thumbtacks; "The teacher thumbtacked the notice on the bulletin board")`
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Thumb^c usesInstrument^op value ThumbTack^c hadObjectFastened^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c

Thunder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thunder`
Description	The sound caused by a bolt of lightning. This can be a single ''Boom'' or a ''RumblingSound'' and often the former followed by the latter. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thunder' WordNet. in WordNet: 2. (5) thunder - (a booming or crashing noise caused by air expanding along the path of a bolt of lightning)`
Super-classes	Emission^c RumblingSound^c ImmediateWeatherProcess^c Boom^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value ThunderStorm^c

ThunderStorm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThunderStorm

Description

The Event of a Rainstorm with thunder.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thunderstorm' in WordNet:
        1. thunderstorm, electrical storm, electric storm -
           (a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain 
           or hail along with thunder and lightning)

Super-classes RainStorm^c

Thunderous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thunderous

Description

''Thunderous'' characterizes a ''Deafening'' sound that has a ''LowPitch'' like a 'boom'. 'thunderous applause'

       Corresponds to part (for low-pitch sounds) of adjective sense 1 of 'thunderous' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) deafening, earsplitting, roaring, thunderous, thundery -
             (loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss)

Super-classes IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Deafening^c

Thursday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thursday

Description

The Class of all calendar Thursdays.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Thursday' in Wordnet:
         1. (13) Thursday, Th - (the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day)

Super-classes Weekday^c

Thwarting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thwarting`
Description	''Thwarting'' is a ''KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething'' that causes a feeling of ''Frustration'' in the agent thwarted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thwart' in WordNet: 1. (5) thwart, queer, spoil, scotch, foil, cross, frustrate, baffle, bilk - (hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of; 'What ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruth's amazing September surge'; 'foil your opponent') WN verb 'block': 2. (3) obstruct, blockade, block, hinder, stymie, stymy, embarrass - (hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of; 'His brother blocked him at every turn') WN noun 'thwarting': 1. frustration, thwarting, foiling - (an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts)
Super-classes	KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Frustrating^c prevents^op value Action^c alwaysCauses^op value Frustration^c

Thyme^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thyme`
Description	''Parsley'' is the chopped leaves from a ''ParsleyPlant''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thyme' in WordNet: 2. thyme - (leaves can be used as seasoning for almost any meat and stews and stuffings and vegetables)`
Super-classes	HerbSeasoning^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value ThymePlant^c

ThymePlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThymePlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyme' in WordNet: 1. thyme - (any of various mints of the genus Thymus)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c

Thymus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thymus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thymus' in WordNet: 2. thymus gland, thymus - (a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age)`
Super-classes	EndocrineGland^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Lymphocyte^c

Thyroid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thyroid`
Description	CYC: A gland in the neck which helps control metabolism (I think). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyroid' in WordNet: 1. (29) thyroid gland, thyroid - (located near the base of the neck)`
Super-classes	Gland^c
Restrictions	secretes^op value ThyroidHormone^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Neck^c

ThyroidGland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThyroidGland`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyroid gland' in WordNet: 1. (6) thyroid gland, thyroid - (located near the base of the neck)`
Super-classes	EndocrineGland^c
Restrictions	secretes^op value Thyroxine^c

ThyroidHormone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThyroidHormone`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyroid hormone' in WordNet: 1. (4) thyroid hormone - (any of several closely related compounds that are produced by the thyroid gland and are active metabolically)`
Super-classes	Hormone^c
Restrictions	isSecretedBy^op value Thyroid^c
Sub-classes	Calcitonin^c

Thyrotropin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thyrotropin

Description

A #$Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland which stimulates the thyroid gland.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyrotropin' in WordNet:
          1. thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, thyrotrophin, thyrotrophic hormone, 
               thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH - (anterior pituitary hormone 
               that stimulates the function of the thyroid gland)

Super-classes Hormone^c

Thyroxine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thyroxine`
Description	A #$Hormone produced by the #$Thyroid. Used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyroxine' in WordNet: 1. (9) thyroxine, thyroxin, tetraiodothyronine, T - (hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells; "thyroxine is 65% iodine")`
Super-classes	Hormone^c Amine^c
Restrictions	isSecretedBy^op value ThyroidGland^c

Thysanuron^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thysanuron`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thysanuron' in WordNet: 1. thysanuran insect, thysanuron - (primitive wingless insects: bristletail)`
Super-classes	Insect^c TerrestrialOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Silverfish^c

Tiara^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tiara`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tiara' in WordNet: 1. tiara - (a jewelled headdress worn by women on formal occasions)`
Super-classes	HeadWear^c Jewelry^c ClothingAccessory^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Head^c typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value Jewel^c

Tibetan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tibetan`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Tibetan' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Tibetan - (of or relating to or characteristic of Tibet or its people or their language; 'Tibetan monks')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

TibetanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TibetanPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Tibetan' in WordNet: 2. Tibetan - (a native or inhabitant of Tibet)`
Super-classes	PersonByEthnicity^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tibet^c

Tibia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tibia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tibia' in WordNet: 1. tibia, shinbone, shin - (the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle)`
Super-classes	LegBone^c LongBone^c

Tick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tick`
Description	Wikipedia: Tick is the common name for the small arachnids in superfamily Ixodoidea that, along with other mites, constitute the Acarina. Ticks are ectoparasites (external parasites), living by hematophagy on the blood of mammals, birds, and occasionally reptiles and amphibians. Ticks are vectors of a number of diseases, including Lyme disease, Q fever, Colorado tick fever, tularemia, tick-borne relapsing fever, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and Tick-borne meningoencephalitis, as well as anaplasmosis in cattle and canine jaundice 'The female Gulf Coast tick weighs only about 4 to 5 mg when she first gets on the host, but by the time she is bloodfed and falls back into the pasture, she may weigh a gram,' Teel said. 'She's increased her weight by 200 to 250 times.' (by Edith A. Chenault, Ag Communications : http://insects.tamu.edu/feature/tick/) 'An unengorged and engorged female blue tick weighs 0.002 g and 0.2 g,' The restriction on weight is for the unengorged tick - the weight of organisms has to be relative to some time or stage of life; @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tick' in WordNet: 2. (1) tick - (any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis; feed on blood of warm-blooded animals)
Super-classes	Arachnid^c Parasite^c BloodFeedingArthropod^c
Restrictions	hasMassInGrams^dp value 0.003^c
Sub-classes	DeerTick^c

TickBiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TickBiting`
Description
Super-classes	BodilyFunctionEvent^c ActionOnObject^c Biting^c Ingesting^c

Ticket^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ticket

Description

CYC: The collection of (normally paper) document denoting that a person (either the bearer or a named person) has the right to obtain a specified type of service or object. A card that permits multiple services or objects to be received is not an instance of #$Ticket. An electronic ticket is a different type of record of such an authorization - not a type of #$Ticket. Common types of ticket entitle the bearer to admission to educational events or to transportation on a common carrier.

        SUMO: A Certificate that allows the holder to perform 
         a specified act once, e.g. ride a bus, attend a concert, obtain a prize, 
         etc.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ticket' in WordNet:
          1. (3) ticket - (a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled 
             to something (as to ride on public transportation or 
             to enter a public entertainment))

Super-classes TenderObject^c
Certificate^c
Paper-IBO^c

TicketAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TicketAgent`
Description	A ''TicketAgent'' is a ''Vendor'' (seller) sells tickets admitting people to some Place or Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ticket agent' in WordNet: 1. ticket agent, booking clerk - (someone who sells tickets (e.g., theater seats or travel accommodations))`
Super-classes	Vendor^c Person^c
Restrictions	sells^op value Ticket^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value SellingTickets^c

TicketBooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TicketBooth`
Description	A ''TicketBooth'' is a ''Cubicle'' where what is sold are tickets for admission to some Place or event.. This is typically located at the front outside part of a ''TheaterBuilding'', but can be isolated and unattached to any building. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ticket booth' in WordNet: 1. box office, ticket office, ticket booth - (the office where tickets of admission are sold)`
Super-classes	Cubicle^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value TheaterBuilding^c isUsedInAction^op value ServiceEvent^c isTheLocationOf^op value SellingTickets^c

Tickle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tickle`
Description	A 'Tickle'' is a ''SkinSensation'' that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant, but which does make one want it to stop, perhaps because it just makes one move involuntarily. It is perhaps unique in having those seemingly contradictory effects. Intentional ''Tickling'' is usually done jokingly between friends (but not adults) and is not usually resented. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tickle' in WordNet: 1. tickle - (a cutaneous sensation often resulting from light stroking)`
Super-classes	SkinSensation^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Laughter^c

Tickling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tickling`
Description	Includes poking or strking lightly, RHW: 1. to touch or stroke lightly with the fingers, a feather, etc., so as to excite a tingling or itching sensation in; titillate. 2. to poke some sensitive part of the body so as to excite spasmodic laughter. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tickle' in WordNet: 1. tickle, titillate, vellicate - (touch (a body part) lightly so as to excite the surface nerves and cause uneasiness, laughter, or spasmodic movements)`
Super-classes	ApplyingAPressure^c CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c TouchingAnotherPerson^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Laughter^c causes^op value Tickle^c

Tidal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tidal

Description

         NOTE: the most common meaning  'tidal wave' is the large wave rushing in to
           the shore well above the usual high-tide mark.  This is not usually caused by a 'tide',
           but by a  Earthquake.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tidal' in Wordnet:
          1. tidal - (of or relating to or caused by tides; 'tidal wave')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Tide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tide`
Description	A ''Tide'' is a ''Phenomenon'' (observable physical Event) in which the depth of a large body ofwater such as an Ocean or its peripheral parts rises and falls in response to gravitational pull of one astronomical object on another, as one rotates about its axis, making the pull stronger on that part of the rotating boy that is closest to the other body causing the tide. This can occur anywhere in the universe with large enough astroonmical bodies. Tides may also be caused by the pull of astronomical objects rotating about each other. On Earth the OceanTide rises and falls about every twelve hours inresponse to the gravitational pull of the Sun as the Earth rotates. Interestingly,the tides rise on opposite sides of the earth at the same time,thus the twelve hour period. This illustrates the interaction of centripetal force along with gravitational pull. `Includes but is broader than sense 1 in WN. Also, the moon is main player in Earth tides. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'tide' in WordNet: 1. (5) tide - (the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon)`
Super-classes	Phenomenon^c Motion^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value AstronomicalBody^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Periodic^c
Sub-classes	OceanTide^c

Tidy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tidy

Description

An AttributeValue of things (objects, locations, documents) that are orderly (sense 1 of WordNet 'neat'). For 'tidy' describing a person's habitual behavior, use 'Neat'.

  Includes adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'tidy' and
     adjective sense 1 of 'neat' and part of sense 5 of 'orderly' 
     ('an orderly desk') in WordNet.  The sense of 'neat'
     referring to habits of people is represented by 'Neat'':
  in WordNet:
    1. (9) neat - (clean or orderly; 'her neat dress'; 'a neat room')
  WN adjective 'tidy':
    1. tidy - (marked by good order and cleanliness in appearance or
       habits; 'a tidy person'; 'a tidy house'; 'a tidy mind')
    2. kempt, tidy - ((of hair) neat and tidy; 'a nicely kempt beard')
  WN adjective 'orderly':
    5. orderly - (marked by or adhering to method or system; 'a clean orderly man';
     'an orderly mind'; 'an orderly desk')

Super-classes Good^c

Tidying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tidying`
Description	'Tidying'' is an Action in which some agent causes a Place (usually a room or closet) to go from ''Messy'', or disordered to a ''Tidy'' condition. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tidy' in WordNet: 1. tidy, tidy up, clean up, neaten, straighten, straighten out, square away - (put (things or places) in order; 'Tidy up your room!')`
Super-classes	Organizing^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeBefore^op value Untidy^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Tidy^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value MessingSomethingUp^c

TieScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TieScore`
Description	A 'TieScore' is a 'GameScore' in which the numerical results for both teams (in a two-team context) are equal. This is not necessarily a final score. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 6 of 'tie' in WordNet, and includes a final core of 'tie' (sense 3) - represented separately as the subtype 'Draw'. in WordNet: 3. (3) draw, standoff, tie - (the finish of a contest in which the score is tied and the winner is undecided; 'the game ended in a draw'; 'their record was 3 wins, 6 losses and a tie') 6. tie - (equality of score in a contest)`
Super-classes	GameScore^c
Sub-classes	Draw^c

Tier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tier`
Description	This ''Tier'' includes layers of a multi-tiered wedding cake, and the 'tiers' extending from the walls of a theater. This includes three senses of 'tier' in RHW. RHW non 'tier': 1. one of a series of rows or ranks rising one behind or above another, as of seats in an amphitheater, boxes in a theater, guns in a man-of-war, or oars in an ancient galley. 2. one of a number of galleries, as in a theater. 3. a layer; level; stratum: The wedding cake had six tiers. All three tiers of the firm's management now report to one director. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'tier' in WordNet: 5. tier - (one of two or more layers one atop another; 'tier upon tier of huge casks'; 'a three-tier wedding cake')`
Super-classes	Layer^c
Sub-classes	TheaterGallery^c

TieredSeats^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TieredSeats`
Description	''TieredSeats'' is a form of ''Seating'' in which each row behind a preceding row is arranged at a higher elevation then the preceding row. This may be indoors, as in a theater, or outdoors, as can be the subtype ''Stand''. `NOTE: the WN term is singular, but this type defines a Group of seats arranged behind other seats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tiered seat' in WordNet: 1. tiered seat - (seating that is arranged in sloping tiers so that spectators in the back can see over the heads of those in front)`
Super-classes	Seating^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sloped^c
Sub-classes	Grandstand^c Bleachers^c Stand^c

TiffanyGlass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TiffanyGlass

Description

''TiffanyGlass'' is a ''StainedGlass'' made popular by the Tiffany company, famous mostly for its use in lamps..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tiffany glass' in WordNet:
          1. Tiffany glass - (a kind of opalescent colored glass that was 
              used in the early 1900s for stained-glass windows and lamps)

Super-classes StainedGlass^c
SheetlikeSubstance^c

Tiger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tiger`
Description	Two different subtypes, Indian and Siberian. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tiger' in WordNet: 2. (1) tiger, Panthera tigris - (large feline of forests in most of Asia having a tawny coat with black stripes; endangered)`
Super-classes	BigCat^c DangerousAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Striped^c

Tight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tight

Description

'Tight' is an AttributeValue of groups of ArtifactObjects, usually two objects, whose contact is firm and constant, and for which the points of contact between the objects does not vary due to moderate movement or changes in orientation of the object group. The basic meaning is that there is some physical force causing the objects to remain in contact in such a way that some part of the surface of one remains directly touching some part (often the same part) of the surface of the other object. This is for objects such as artifacts in a container, cords or strings wrapped arond and knotted, nuts and bolts screwed tightly.

    @ToDo: some indication of a force required to keep things tight?
    This would exclude 'tight' formations of objects.

     NOTE: for tight-fitting restrictive clothing use ''TightFitting''.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'tight'  in WordNet:
     1. (10) tight - (closely constrained or constricted or constricting;
       'tight skirts'; 'he hated tight starched collars'; 'fingers closed in a tight fist';
       'a tight feeling in his chest')
    WN adj 'firm':
       3. (6) firm, strong - (strong and sure; 'a firm grasp'; 'gave a strong pull on the rope')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Tight-Knit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tight-Knit

Description

''Tight-Knit'' is a subattribute of ''Organized'' characterizing a ''GroupOfPeople' in which the members are connected by close communication and social bonds, though not every member necessarily interacts with every other member; this can be applied to a Organization of more than a few dozen people.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tight-knit' in Wordnet:
           1. tight-knit, tightly knit - (closely and firmly integrated;
               'a tight-knit organization')

Super-classes Organized^c

TightFitting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TightFitting

Description

''"TightFitting'' is a higher degree of 'CloseFitting' for clothing relative to a specific ''Person'' in which the ''ClothingItem'' is too small to fit comfortably on that Person. This sense of ''TightFitting'' is the attribute of a Garment the cloth of which touches the skin in most of the body parts covered, and causes some perceptible resistance to movement of those body parts. For Devices having parts that fit into each other, use ''Tight''.

   'skinny' is seldom used in this sense - not included in the synonym labels.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tight-fitting' in Wordnet:
      1. tight-fitting, tightly fitting, skinny - (fitting snugly; 
             'a tightly-fitting cover'; 'tight-fitting clothes')
          For artifacts that fit together 'tightly' use ''Tight''.

         Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'tight' in Wordnet:
           1. (10) tight - (closely constrained or constricted or constricting; 
              'tight skirts'; 'he hated tight starched collars'; 'fingers closed in a tight fist';
              'a tight feeling in his chest')

Super-classes CloseFitting^c

Tightening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tightening`
Description	''Tightening'' is any action that makes an assembly of two or more objects ''Tight'', not prone to slide against or rattle against each other. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tighten' in WordNet: 1. (8) tighten, fasten - (make tight or tighter; 'Tighten the wire')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c ImpartingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Loosening^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Tight^c
Sub-classes	ScrewingSomething^c

Tightlipped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tightlipped

Description

''Tightlipped'' is a subattribute of ''Uncommunicative'' and ''Trustworthy'' and ''Discreet'', specifically characterizing a Person who can be trusted to refrain from revealing confidential or secret or proprietary information they possess. Such a Person can be trusted to perform a ''KeepingaSecret'' when appropriate.

        Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'tightlipped' in Wordnet:
          1. close, closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped -
             (inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information; 
             'although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it')

Super-classes Uncommunicative^c
Discreet^c
Trustworthy^c

Tightly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tightly

Description

''Tightly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the two or more specified or implied objects that interact have strong forces pushing them together or holding them together.

       Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'tightly' in WordNet:
         1. (4) tightly - (in a tight or constricted manner; 'a tightly packed pub')
         2. (1) tightly - (securely fixed or fastened; 'the window was tightly sealed')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Tightrope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tightrope`
Description	A ''Tightrope'' is a strong ''PieceOfRope'' fastened tightly at both ends and held firmly in a horizontal orientation, designed to support a ''TightropeWalker'' (or other acrobats) while that Person walks across the gap between two supporting platforms that the ''Tightrope'' bridges. This type represents a ''Tightrope'' that is fastened horizontally in place and able to hold the ''TightropeWalker''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tightrope' in WordNet: 1. tightrope - (tightly stretched rope or wire on which acrobats perform high above the ground)`
Super-classes	PieceOfRope^c
Restrictions	isUsedBy^op value TightropeWalker^c hasOrientation^op value Horizontal^c supports^op value TightropeWalker^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Strong^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Taut^c

TightropeWalker^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TightropeWalker

Description

A ''TightropeWalker'' is a ''Person'' who performs ''TightropeWalking'', whether as part of a ''Circus''or as an individual act.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tightrope walker' in WordNet:
         1. funambulist, tightrope walker - (an acrobat
              who performs on a tightrope or slack rope)

Super-classes Gymnast^c

Tilak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tilak`
Description	`RHW 'tilak': a distinctive spot of colored powder or paste worn on the forehead by Hindu men and women as a religious symbol.`
Super-classes	ReligiousForeheadMark^c
Restrictions	isMostlyWornBy^op value HinduPerson^c

Tile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tile`
Description	CYC: The collection of pieces of the material Tile, in sheets. ''Tile'' is usually flat, but the curved tiles on Mediterraean style roofs are also instances. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'tile' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tile - (a flat thin rectangular slab (as of fired clay or rubber or linoleum) used to cover surfaces) 2. tile, roofing tile - (a thin flat slab of fired clay used for roofing)`
Super-classes	SolidObject^c Covering-Object^c FlatObject^c
Sub-classes	FloorTile^c

Till^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Till`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'till' in WordNet: 3. cashbox, money box, till - (a strongbox for holding cash)`
Super-classes	Strongbox^c

Tiller^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tiller`
Description	The lever attached to the rudder, used to steer a boat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tiller' in WordNet: 3. tiller - (lever used to turn the rudder on a boat)`
Super-classes	VehicleController^c Device-UserControlled^c SteeringDevice^c Lever^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Boat^c isLocatedAt^op value ShipsStern^c steers^op value Boat^c isAttachedTo^op value Rudder^c

TillingSoil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TillingSoil`
Description	''TillingSoil'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which soil is prepared for seeding. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'till' in WordNet: 1. till - (work land as by ploughing, harrowing, and manuring, in order to make it ready for cultivation; 'till the soil')`
Super-classes	ShapingSomething^c PreparingForSituation^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op value Sowing^c hadObjectModified^op value Soil^c
Sub-classes	Rototilling^c

Time-Consuming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Time-Consuming`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'time-consuming' in Wordnet: 1. time-consuming - (of a task that takes time and patience)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

TimeAdverb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeAdverb`
Description	Each 'TimeAdverb' is a word or phrase that specifies some interval of time during which the assertion or question applies. Examples: 'always'; 'ever'; 'up till now'; 'within his lifetime'. `In COSMO, adverbs are LogicalFunctions that take as their argument some Event, and return an Event (usually of the same type), with one of its case roles modified. A 'TimeAdverb' modifies the 'when' case role..`
Super-classes	Adverb^c
Sub-classes	HenceforthAdverb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#occasionally http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#earlyInTheMorning http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#atAnyTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#initially http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ForaWhile http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#justNow http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#aWhileLonger http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#afterTheScheduledTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#later http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#always http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#lately http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#early http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#awhile http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#meanwhile http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#aheadOfTheScheduledTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ofAllTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#thereafter http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#afterwards http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#sometime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#anytime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inTheMeantime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#sometimes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#late http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#lateInTheEvening

TimeAgo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeAgo`
Description	A TimeAgo is a TimeInterval or TimePoint whose location in time is specified relative to the 'Now' that is contained or implied in an assertion. 'That happened forty years ago' is an example of a linguistic expression that uses such a relative time. In such expressions, the word 'ago' serves as a function to take the specified time interval ('forty years') and the implied time 'Now' to return a TemporalLocation at which the referenced Event happened.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'ago' in WordNet: WN adjective 'ago': 1. ago, agone - (gone by; or in the past; 'two years ago'; ''agone' is an archaic word for 'ago'') WN adverb 'ago': 1. (82) ago - (in the past; 'long ago'; 'sixty years ago my grandfather came to the U.S.')`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	wasPriorToNowByInterval^op some TimeMeasure^c

TimeAndPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeAndPlace`
Description	A TimeAndPlace is a GenericLocation during some interval of time. It is a four-dimensional spatial region in the way that a time-slice of a PhysicalObject is a four-dimensional Object. These concepts are related inheriting the character of the TimeSlice Type. this is a SpatiotemporalRegion that has an explicit location and an explicit time interval specified. The location is generic, therefore it can be defined relative to some object; i.e. one can specify the location of the heart of an individual person over some period of time as an instance of this Type. NOTE: That 'TimeAndPlace' is a subtype of GenericLocation, as well as of SpatiotemporalRegion. Although almost all GenericLocations are exclusively spatial, 'TimeAndPlace' is spatiotemporal, being a region of space-time that specifies some region of space over some interval of time. Use of an instance of 'TimeAndPlace' as an argument of a location relation allows one to include the important time interval qualifier in location relations, even though one is using only binary relations. this would not be necessary in a representation with higher-arity relations.
Super-classes	Context^c TimeSlice^c ComplexContext^c SpatiotemporalRegion^c GenericLocation^c CompositeConcept^c
Restrictions	hasSpatialRegion^op some GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	Elsewhere^c PlaceOfAbsence^c PossibleWorld^c
In domain of	hasTimeInterval^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AncientEgypt http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InUSA20081004 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldTradeCenter20010911 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InUSA20070715

TimeBefore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeBefore`
Description	''TimeBefore'' is an indefinite ''PastTimeInterval'' that precedes some more specific ''TimeInterval'' or some specific ''Event''.
Super-classes	PastTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	precedes^op some (TimeInterval^c or Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	PreWarTime^c

TimeClassificationSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeClassificationSystem`
Description	A ''TimeClassificationSystem'' is a ''KnowledgeOrganizationSystem'' that classifies ''TimeInterval''s into various types, including recurring periods of time (years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds) and also time units that measure intervals of time, and may provide methods for measuring time units or for specifying a reference point for the beginning or ending of specific named time intervals. For example, as ''Calendar'' can classify time intervals into years, months, weeks, and days, and specify how they should be numbered or named and the reference point for when numbering in some era starts. Different cultures have different calendars; the Western (Gregrian) calendar is the most familiar. `For units of time, one example is the 'CGS' units system, which includes time as well as length and mass as basic units defined inreference to each other.`
Super-classes	KnowledgeOrganizationSystem^c
Restrictions	organizesTopic^op value RecurringTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	Calendar^c

TimeDependentQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeDependentQuantity`
Description	A UnaryConstantFunction of continuous time. All instances of this Class map a time quantity into another ConstantQuantity such as temperature. For example, 'the temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a TimeDependentQuantity since its value depends on the time.
Super-classes	UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity^c
Sub-classes	Becquerel^c PacketsPerSecond^c

TimeDimension^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeDimension

Description

'TimeDimension'is the dimension of time in our SpaceTime; it is a subtype of the more abstract 'DimensionOfCausality'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'time' in WordNet:
        7. (33) fourth dimension, time - (the fourth coordinate that is required 
          (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event)

Super-classes DimensionOfCausality^c

TimeDuration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeDuration`
Description	A quantity of time - any measure of length of time, with or without respect to the universal timeline. This concept is usually used as a measure of the length of time during which some Event took place, or is expected or planned to take place. The beginning and end of a ''TimeDuration'' should coincide with the beginning and end of some 'Event'' that is identified by some criteria, objective or subjective, that apply for the full time interval of the ''TimeDuration''. For specific intervals of time located on the universal time line, use 'TimeInterval'. Approximately corresponds to CYC 'Time-Quantity' CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Time-Quantity is a physical quantity, corresponding to a certain amount of time , that can be possessed by #$TemporalThings. The #$Time-Quantity had by a given thing represents the total amount of time that the thing exists, occurs over, or endures; see #$duration. Consider a sentence of the form (#$duration TEMPTHING TIMEQUANT). If TEMPTHING is a #$SomethingExisting, the sentence means that TEMPTHING exists for a lifetime that is TIMEQUANT in duration. If TEMPTHING is an #$Event, the sentence means that TEMPTHING (fully) transpires over an interval of time that is TIMEQUANT in duration. If TEMPTHING is itself a #$TimeInterval (q.v.), the sentence means that TEMPTHING has a duration of TIMEQUANT. The standard unit of #$Time-Quantity in Cyc is #$SecondsDuration (q.v.); but there are other ways to specify an amount of time, e.g. with other instances of #$UnitOfMeasure (such as #$WeeksDuration and #$YearsDuration) or with instances of #$Time-Quantity (such as #$LongTime, #$Immediately, and #$AFewDecadesDuration). This type corresponds approximately to sense 4 of 'time' in RHW: 4. a limited period or interval, as between two successive events: a long time. There is no sense of 'time' in WordNet that appears to cover this type. Includes noun sense 1 of 'period' and sense 1 of 'time period' and noun sense 1 of 'duration' in WordNet, However, 'Picasso's blue Period' should be a "TimeInterval, a specific period in time; and 'duration, length' is a 'property' in WN,though the example uses it as a time inverval?? May need reorganization. in WordNet: 1. (656) time period, period of time, period - (an amount of time; 'a time period of 30 years'; 'hastened the period of time of his recovery'; 'Picasso's blue period') WN noun 'duration': 3. (1) duration, length - (continuance in time; 'the ceremony was of short duration'; 'he complained about the length of time required')
Super-classes	TimeMeasure^c
Restrictions	existsInContext^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c hasQuantifier^op some Quantifier^c hasUnit^op some UnitOfTime^c
Sub-classes	TotalTimeDuration^c Person-Hour^c AgeValue^c AvailableTime^c LifeSpan^c TimeDuration-Years^c NowTillDeadline^c MinuteDuration^c
In range of	hasMaximumDuration^op hasDuration^op hasMinimumDuration^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FortyDays http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourDays http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDays http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixMonths http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeMonths http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#InfiniteYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneSecond http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneWeek http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveMinutes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FifteenMinutes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneDay http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiveYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwelveHours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneCentury http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneMinute http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneThousandYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHour http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FourYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneDecade http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeDays http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoHours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeHours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoWeeks http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HalfHour

TimeDuration-Years^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeDuration-Years`
Description	instances of ''TimeDuration-Years'' only need to specify the Quantifier. The unit of measure is 'years'.
Super-classes	TimeDuration^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#years^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NineYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SevenYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TenYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EightToTwelveYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SixYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SeventeenYears http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneYear http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyYears

TimeIndexedAssertion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeIndexedAssertion`
Description	Each instance of TimeIndexedAssertion is a RelationInstance which includes, explicitly or implicitly, some RelationInstance that specifies the time (time point or time interval) at which that RelationInstance holds. The time can be included explicitly when multiple-arity relations are used: {Jack was Running from DTEG20080530.1210 to DTEG20080530.1225} Alternatively, one if the elements (such as the subject) could be specified as a TimeSlice, and the time interval for the TimeSlice would be interpreted as applying to the entire TimeIndexedAssertion: {JackFrom20080530.1210to20080530.1225 was Running} . . . where 'JackFrom20080530.1210to20080530.1225' is a TimeSlice of Jack (see 'TimeSlice'). That format can be used in OWL where only binary relations are allowed, to specify the state of an object in particular time intervals; {JackFrom20080530.1225to20080530.1300 hasAttributeValue Exhausted} `AttributeValues can also be represented as TimeSlices, and used in a TimeIndexedAssertion to index the value of the whole Assertion. NOTE that a differential equation that includes a derivative with respect to time is also an instance of TimeIndexedAssertion. Specifically, each instance of DifferentialTimeEquation will be an instance of TimeIndexedAssertion.`
Super-classes	RelationInstance^c
Sub-classes	DifferentialTimeEquation^c

TimeInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeInterval`
Description	TimeInterval is not a quantity of time (what is measured by a stopwatch, and represented by 'TimeDuration'), but a specific region of the time line, what is measured by a calendar and clock (in our real world or in some hypothetical world). NOTE that it is not necessary that a TimeInterval be measured from some universal fixed point, such as 0 AD; any point on the time line may be used as the base reference point for a TimeInterval - but some reference point in time and relativity frame must be specified or implied; default for events is the standard time for the location of the event, or Universal time UTC, if event is not on Earth. This represents a continuous time interval with no measurable breaks. For a time interval that has breaks (pauses, interruptions) use ''TimeIntervalGroup''. Recurring time intervals, such as calendar spring, can be viewed as an element of some ''TimeIntervalGroup'', but those classes in COSMO in themselves are subtypes of ''TimeInterval''. Each TimeInterval has some length of time, a 'TimeDuration', related by the property 'hasDuration'; but as of rev977 COSMO does not require specifying the length of time. It may be implied in the beginning and ending time, if they are specified. Called: TimeInterval(Cyc); TimeInterval(SUMO - but SUMO requires contiguous intervals); time-interval(DOLCE) or period_in_time(ISO15926); the BFO equivalents of TimeInterval ('TemporalInterval') and TimePoint ('TemporalInstant') are disjoint in BFO, but a TimePoint is a subtype of TimeInterval in COSMO. For a quantity of time, use 'TimeDuration'. COSMO NOTE: as a convenience, a calendar time interval can be given a name that conforms to the conventions of one of the DateTime strings defined in COSMO, such as a 'DateTimeExtendedGroup', providing an opportunity for an interpreter to recognize the referenced time interval solely from the name of the instance. See the example used in defining the TimeAndPlace 'WorldTradeCenter20010911'. In Cyc, TimeInterval is not a measure. SUMO: An interval of time. Note that a TimeInterval has both an extent and a location on the universal timeline. Note too that a TimeInterval has no gaps, i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$TemporalThing. Each instance of #$TimeInterval is a temporal thing characterized fully by its temporal attributes. For example, the year A.D. 1967 is an instance of #$TimeInterval; although many interesting things happened during that year, the year itself is completely defined by its temporal extent. On the other hand, the event of Neil Armstrong's walking on the Moon is an #$Event and not a #$TimeInterval, since it is not fully characterized by its temporal extent or other temporal attributes. Specializations of #$TimeInterval include #$CalendarYear, #$CalendarMonth, and #$FiscalQuarter. DOLCE: a region - (Space and Time are special kinds of regions, i.e. AttributeValues or measures) A temporal region, measured according to a calendar. NOTE that a redundant subtype link to 'SituationProcessEventOrState' is included just to make it easier to find TimeInterval in a drill-down search. BFO 'ConnectedTemporalRegion': BFO: Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. BFO: Examples: the 1970s years, the time from the beginning to the end of a heart attack, the time taken up by cellular meiosis. Only part of sense 1 of 'period' in WordNet seems to corresponds to a definite located interval of time ('Picasso's blue period') In WordNet: 1. (656) time period, period of time, period - (an amount of time; 'a time period of 30 years'; 'hastened the period of time of his recovery'; 'Picasso's blue period') WN Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'time' in WordNet, but a WN 'TimeInterval' can be very specific as to starting and ending TimePoints: 2. (355) time - (an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); 'he waited a long time'; 'the time of year for planting'; 'he was a great actor in his time') WN also sense 1 of 'interval: 1. (10) time interval, interval - (a definite length of time marked off by two instants)
Super-classes	TemporalRegion^c
Restrictions	hasDuration^op only TimeDuration^c
Sub-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c MiddleOfaTimeInterval^c BirthTime^c Wartime^c RecurringTimeInterval^c BoutOfIllness^c HistoricalPeriod^c Moment^c Vacation^c DeathTime^c Millenium^c EventIndexedTimeInterval^c Midterm^c ProperTimeInterval^c Times^c Nowadays^c Minute^c TrialPeriod^c Weekend^c TimeSlot^c TodayAndTomorrow^c PlayingPeriod^c TimeOfAnOccurrance^c TimePoint^c ALittleWhile^c DateOrTime^c Era^c NextFiveYears^c Meantime^c RemainingTimeInterval^c NextTenYears^c ThePresent^c FestivalTime^c Years^c Intermission^c TermOfOffice^c PrimeTime^c WorkTime^c Eternity^c RelativeTime^c SecondInterval^c Century^c
In domain of	overlapsTemporally^op isWithinTimeInterval^op
In range of	overlapsTemporally^op isFalseInTimeInterval^op isWithinTimeInterval^op died^op wasAliveDuring^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Years1939to1945 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Years_2003-2011 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YEARS_1966-2011 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Years700to1200 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date19431223 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date19801208 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AtAllTimes

TimeIntervalGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeIntervalGroup`
Description	A ''TimeIntervalGroup'' is used when a 'TemporalLocation'' is not one continuous stretch of Time on the real time line, but composed of more than one continuous stretches of time. If one wants to represent all the Sundays in a specific month, an instance of ''TimeIntervalGroup'' would be appropriate. `BFO: 'ScatteredTemporalRegion': BFO: Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. BFO: Examples: the time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair.`
Super-classes	Group^c TemporalRegion^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (TimeInterval^c or TimeIntervalType^c)

TimeIntervalType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeIntervalType`
Description	'TimeIntervalType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for TimeIntervals, and can and an argument restriction for various relations on TimeInterval types. `This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.`
Super-classes	TemporalLocationType^c
Sub-classes	DayType^c
In domain of	commonlyHasEventType^op
Members	Day Honeymoon Millenium EventIndexedTimeInterval Midterm WakeUpTime PreWarTime RemainingTimeInterval Month Wartime Reign GameOvertime Forever TimeIntervalGroup SchoolYear BronzeAge Lapse DayOfTheYear MillenaryAnniversary Nowadays Thanksgiving LifeStage PastTimeInterval HeyDay GeologicalAge GeologicalTimePeriod TimeOfDay WinterSeason Fortnight TemporalRegion MiddleAges Showtime NightTime Noon TrialPeriod Tonight TermOfOffice Weekend EquinoxDay PostOperativePeriod CyclicTimeLoop TimeSlot PlayingPeriod HistoricalPeriod TermOfAnActivity CreationDate Midday Sunset WorkTime PreSeason DinnerTime TimeOfAnOccurrance NearFuture SecondInterval SeventhInningStretch BirthDate BroadcastingBlackout Era DayTime ProperTimeInterval FutureTimePoint PrecedingTemporalLocation ReligiousSeason SchoolSessionTime Workday Meantime Sunrise ThePast HolidayTime Postponement Bedtime FestivalTime TimeAgo Eve Days RecurringTimeInterval IronAge TimeBefore AdultStage BeginningToEndingTime MoveableHoliday NextTenYears StartingTime Now GameEventTimeDivision Eternity Infancy Lent TimePointOfReference SchoolDay Midnight Yet WholeLife ExpirationDate Stint TemporalOrder ClosingTime DateOrTime LifeTimePart RelativeTemporalLocation Week FootballHalftime FutureTimeInterval Morning Passover Years ProbationPeriod CalendarWeek Intermission Year RecurringTimePoint MealTime TimeOfDeath BaseballInningTimeDivision RegularPlayingSeason EventSeriesPhase StationBreak HalfPast Times Overtime TimeOfAnEvent WineVintage TimeInterval LegalProbation Turn Dusk MoratoriumInterval RegulationTime SummerSolstice SolsticeDay ChristmasSeason Hospitalization NonceWord Decade MeasurableTimeInterval Afternoon PostSeason RoshHashana Century Extension OpeningTime Nonce LunchTime Hour Puberty RenaissanceAge DownTime EndPointOfAnEvent Evening ThePresent Season TimePoint AfterSchoolTime EndingTime WorkShift ALittleWhile CyclicTimeInterval OneAM ColdSeason ClockTime GeologicalEpoch Threshold BoutOfIllness RelativeTimePoint PrimeTime Halftime TheLastMinute RelativeTime WorkingHours NextFiveYears Moment LateNight Antiquity NeverEver IslamicCalendarMonth Vacation Minute StoneAge TheMoment OnceUponaTime

TimeLine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeLine

Description

A Group of 'Event's, usually in chronological order, in most of which some focal entity appears as a participant. A 'TimeLine' does not have to be comprehensive, but should have some indication of the ordering in time for the Events included. This can be a summary of past (e.g. Historical) events, or a projection of Events planned or expected in the future.

  Coresponds approximately to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'history'
    in WordNet, and includes the more specialized Group of Events represented
    in a graphical 'timeline', but is not the graphical entity itself:
  in WordNet:
    1. (379) history - (the aggregate of past events; 'a critical time in the school's history')
    2. (110) history - (the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the
         present and even into the future; 'all of human history')
  WN   'Timeline":
     1. timeline - (a sequence of related events arranged in chronological order and 
         displayed along a line (usually drawn left to right or top to bottom))

Super-classes EventGroup^c

TimeMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeMeasure`
Description	A measure of a quantity of time, not a specific time point on the universal time line. `COSMO note: we distinguish TimeMeasures - physical measures that relate to time (timeintervals or time points) - from the TimePositions - the actual locations in our real time. The latter are classified under 'TemporalLocation'. The usage of this Type here differs from that in SUMO. For DateTime see 'TemporalLocation'. SUMO: The class of temporal durations (instances of TimeDuration) and positions of TimePoints and TimeIntervals along the universal timeline (instances of TimePosition)`
Super-classes	GranularityValue^c ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	TimePosition^c TimeDuration^c
In range of	wasPriorToNowByInterval^op

TimeOfAnEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeOfAnEvent`
Description	''TimeOfAnEvent''' is a ''DateTimePoint'', a specific point on the TimeLine when something occurs. Nominally the value is a TimePoint,but the accuracy is not specified for this type. `This is a measured TimePoint for some specific Event, , not a generic time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'timing' in WordNet: 1. (6) timing - (the time when something happens)`
Super-classes	DateTimePoint^c
Restrictions	isTheTimeOfEvent^op some Event^c
Sub-classes	EndPointOfAnEvent^c

TimeOfAnOccurrance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeOfAnOccurrance`
Description	A ''TimeOfOccurrance'' is a ''TimeInterval' during which some specified ''Event' (or EventType) occurs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duration' in WordNet: 1. (5) duration, continuance - (the period of time during which something continues)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasEvent^op some (Event^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	Hospitalization^c Stint^c

TimeOfDay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeOfDay`
Description	The class of RecurringTimeIntervals that occure every day and are defined by reference to either the 'clock time' after midnight, or by some daily Event such as sunrise or sunset or dusk. By COSMO convention, a TimeOfDay may represent a TimeInterval, but may also be interpreted as the TimePoint at the beginning of that TimeInterval. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time of day' in WordNet: 1. hour, time of day - (clock time; 'the hour is getting late') WN includes noun sense 6 of 'time' in WordNet. 6. (35) clock time, time - (the time as given by a clock; 'do you know what time it is?'; 'the time is 10 o'clock')`
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	MealTime^c WorkingHours^c WakeUpTime^c OpeningTime^c Morning^c Noon^c Midday^c Dusk^c Midnight^c Sunrise^c Evening^c LateNight^c Sunset^c ClosingTime^c DayTime^c Bedtime^c NightTime^c OneAM^c ClockTime^c

TimeOfDeath^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeOfDeath

Description

'TimeOfDeath' is the TimePoint at which some organism (or cellular part of an organism) died, i.e. when the 'Death' Event came to and end. It may not be known precisely, but is re[presented as a TimePoint, it being understood that this may be an approximation.

    For the more time when something inanimate 'died' , use the parent type  'DeathTime'.

    Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'death' in WordNet:        
      3. (62) death, last - (the time at which life ends; continuing until dead;
        'she stayed until his death'; 'a struggle to the last')

Super-classes DeathTime^c

TimePoint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimePoint`
Description	A TimePoint is a closed interval of time having zero length. The beginning TimePoint and Ending TimePoint are identical for any given TimePoint. The representation of a TimePoint as a zero-length time interval is only an alternate view of a TimePoint. (=> (isanInstanceOf ?TP TimePoint) (and (hasStartingTimePoint ?TP ?TP) (hasEndingTimePoint ?TP ?TP))) A TimePoint is classified here as a subclass of TimeInterval because we adopt the interpretation that a time interval of zero length duration is indistinguishable from a time point. We know from special relativity that time may proceed at different rates in objects that are moving relative to each other, so all time values must be relative to some clock. In the absence of any explicit clock designation, the NIST atomic clock signals transmitted from Boulder Colorado are considered as the clock of reference. A TimePoint may be represented by a limit expression, e.g. 'before Jan 1 2008', or by a range ('some time point between Jan 1 200 and Jan 1 2008'). This allows incomplete time information to be entered when not known exactly. This may be implemented by a functional expression, but is not yet formalized in COSMO version 0.44. ***** COSMO NOTE on BFO 'TimeInstant' (= 'TemporalInstant') ******** COSMO note: in COSMO, time points are subtypes of TimeInterval, so the 'disjoint' relation in BFO between TimePoint and TimeInterval was removed. BFO: owl:disjointWith rdf:resource= '#TemporalInterval' BFO rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource= '#ConnectedTemporalRegion' BFO Definition: A connected temporal region comprising a single moment of time. BFO Examples: right now, the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident, the moment at which a child is born, the moment of death COSMO technical note: 'Time' cannot be measured with absolute precision; thus the linguistic term for 'time point' is technically indistinguishable from a ''TimeInterval'' with an immeasurably short duration. Thus it presents potential technical contradiction to assert disjointness between a time point and a time interval. References to 'time point' in ordinary language can appear to be meaningful (as in 'Ms. X became president at 12 AM on January 1st') but cannot be proven different from an assertion that she became president in some immeasurably small time interval including January 1. Thus TimePoint is a subtype of ''TimeInterval'' in COSMO, not disjoint. *** COSMO NOTE on BFO 'TimeInstant' ********** Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'point' and sense 1 of 'point in time' and includes sense 6 of 'time' in WordNet: 6. (9) point, point in time - (an instant of time; 'at that point I had to leave') WN 'time': 6. (35) clock time, time - (the time as given by a clock; 'do you know what time it is?'; 'the time is 10 o'clock')
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	Epoch^c RecurringTimePoint^c RelativeTimePoint^c TimePointOfReference^c FutureTimePoint^c DateTimePoint^c Now^c
In range of	startedAsStudent^op endedAsStudent^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG20160101.0000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG19350101.0000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndPointOf20070715Z-5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeginningOfTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG20170101.0000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date19470829 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BC_4000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownTimePoint http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndPointOf20081004Z-5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndPointOf1648 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date20070101 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeginPointOf20070715Z-5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BC_100 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTGp197001010000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date20050913 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeginPointOf1626 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date20080524 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date20080601 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG19430101.0000 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date20050829 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EndOfTime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BeginPointOf20081004Z-5 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date20071231

TimePointOfReference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimePointOfReference`
Description	A TimePointOfreference is a TimePoint that is used to refer to the aspectual attribute of some Situation (i.e. SituationProcessEventOrState), i.e. an Event will be present, past, or future depending on the TimePointOfReference in the MentalObject that refers to that Situation.
Super-classes	TimePoint^c RelativeTime^c
Sub-classes	TheMoment^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG10171122 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeOfOrigin http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG20081201.09 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DTEG20081201.00

TimePosition^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimePosition

Description

NOTE: this is here for alignment with SUMO. actual Time Positions are represented in this ontology under 'TemporalLocation'. This type here is a measure of time location, not an actual time location itself; for example, it might be a measure represented on a clock-calendar.

SUMO: Any TimePoint or TimeInterval along the universal
timeline from BeginningOfTime to EndOfTime.

Super-classes TimeMeasure^c

TimeSlice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeSlice`
Description	A TimeSlice is a temporal part of some entity - a PhysicalObject Role, or GenericLocation, or an Event (in which case it is also a subevent); it can also be used to specify the interval during which an Attribute holds (see below for more). In a four-dimensional (perdurantism) treatment of objects, this would be a part of a four-dimensional object. Every TimeSlice has a time at which it begins and a time at which it ends, specified by 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint'; it is continuous, and the TimeSlice exists at every time point between the beginning and ending times. Because a TimeSlice is not disjoint with anything else, this allows one to create four-dimensional time slices of physical objects (or physical locations) by creating an instance of an object that is also an instance of a TimeSlice, and specifying the beginning and ending time points. Such an object could be used as an argument in a binary relation, thereby including the intended time interval in the relation. This usage creates an interpretation of entities in this ontology that may seem at variance with both the traditional 'endurantist' and 'perdurantist' interpretations. It is closer to the 'perdurantist' in that the object without specification of its time slice may be interpreted as the whole-life object, but there is a major difference: the COSMO leaves open the possibility of specifying that a relation on an object holds during some interval of time - and that is not consistent with traditional four-dimensionalist usage. To some extent, the difference in usage can be interpreted as only a difference in the syntactic means of expressing the same meaning with alternate notations. The COSMO usage permits more flexibility in the way relations can be specified within temporal boundaries. COSMO use of TimeSlice can also be applied to Attributes, as an alternative means of specifying the time interval during which an Attribute applies to an Object (instead of using a TimeSlice of the subject in the relation). Specifying the TimeSlice on the Attribute is equivalent specifying the TimeSlice on the Object. So: (hasAttribute FireEngine21 RedColor_DTI_20080101_20080130) . . . means that FireEngine21 was red from Jan_01_2008 to Jan_30_2008, This is equivalent to: (hasAttribute FireEngine21_DTI_20080101_20080130 RedColor) . . . and also to (in ESKIF): {FireEngine21 was Red, from Jan_01_2008 to Jan_30_2008}. The latter usage raises an important point. Since, in COSMO, a PersistentState represents an Attribute or set of Attributes that remains constant over some interval of Time; To represent an Object as having some Attribute remain constant over some interval of Time (either explicitly, or as a TimeSlice) is logically equivalent to specifying the existence of a PersistentState for that Object over that time interval, though that may not be of interest to any user. The different ways of representing that situation are different views, and could be translated if there was a reason to do so. NOTE that this type can be used to specify that some assertion was true in ('during') some TimeInterval, so this maps linguistically to the Longman word 'during'.
Super-classes	TemporalThing^c
Sub-classes	TimeAndPlace^c Dead^c Right^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Height1.75m2007 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SR20080524_3PoundsPerDollar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Height1.58m2007 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ByzantineEmpire http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BabyBeethoven

TimeSlot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeSlot

Description

A ''TimeSlot'' is a ''TimeInterval'' that may be used for some Activity.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time slot' in WordNet:
      1. time slot, slot - (a time assigned on a schedule or agenda; 
         'the TV program has a new time slot'; 'an aircraft landing slot')

Super-classes TimeInterval^c
MeasurableTimeInterval^c

TimeTable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeTable

Description

An AbstractDocument that represents the time points when Events in a Schedule are expected to happen.

   Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'timetable' in WordNet:
     1. (1) timetable - (a schedule listing events and the times at which 
         they will take place)
     2. timetable - (a schedule of times of arrivals and departures)

Super-classes AbstractDocument^c

TimeTravel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeTravel

Description

TimeTravel may be physically impossible in the 'RealWorld', but instances in fictional contexts are also instances of COSMO 'TimeTravel'.

    NOTE: CYC parent ''GeneralizedTransfer'' is an Event in COSMO, and would
       be disjoint with a ''FictionalThing'', which is a MentalObject.

    Cyc: A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer.  Each
        instance of #$TimeTravel is an #$Event in which an agent
        travels through time , i.e. somehow travels into the past or
        into the future (at a rate significantly faster than we
        ordinarily  travel  into the future).  There is no
        widespread agreement on whether time travel is possible; if
        it is impossible, then #$TimeTravel has no instances.

Super-classes FictionalEvent^c

TimeZone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeZone

Description

A region usually extending from the north pole(?) to the south pole(?) within which standard time is uniform.
Some TimeZones are irregular and do not follow lines of longitude. For each TimeZone, The eastern adjacent time zone is usually one hour ahead and the western adjacent time zone is one hour behind. There are a few exceptions where one TimeZone is skipped between two others.

        COSMO note: in SUMO a TimeZone is an attribute, a usage differing
         from that in COSMO.
        SUMO: An Attribute which is used to specify coordinates 
        in which time measures are uniform, i.e. all time devices are synchronized to 
         the same TimePositions.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time zone' in WordNet:
           1. time zone - (any of the 24 regions of the globe (loosely divided by longitude) 
               throughout which the same standard time is used)

Super-classes GeographicalRegion^c

TimedClassType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimedClassType`
Description	'TimedClassType' is a special metaclass used to allow the assertion, within the OWL format, of time limits on assertion of QualitativeAttributes for things. This special mechanism is used because in COSMO QualitativeAttributes are types (owl:classes), and the 'instances' of QualitativeAttributes cannot be made instances of TimeSlice to allow assertion of time limits on their applicability. `To use this, an assertion of a QualitativeAttribute within a time interval requires that a new class representing that attribute in that time interval be created when the time-indexed assertion is made. See 'AliveDuring1943-2014' and 'PatrickCassidy' for an example of use.`
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Restrictions	hasEndingTimePoint^op some TimeInterval^c hasStartingTimePoint^op some TimeInterval^c
Members	AliveDuring1935-2017 AliveDuring1943-2015

Timeless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timeless

Description

''Timeless'' is an attribute of something that lasts so long it seems to be able to last forever.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'timeless' in Wordnet:
          1. dateless, timeless - (unaffected by time;
            'few characters are so dateless as Hamlet'; 'Helen's timeless beauty')

Super-classes Static^c
Unchanged^c

Timely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timely`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'timely' in Wordnet: 1. (3) timely - (before a time limit expires; 'the timely filing of his income tax return')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Prompt^c

Timepiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timepiece`
Description	A Device that measures the passage of Time, whether or not it displays that measurement; ; an internal clock inside a digital computer that synchronizes its processes is an instance of 'Timepiece'. For a self-contained timepiece dedicated primarily to the display of the current ''TimeOfDay'', use subtype ''Clock''. `CYC: A specialization of #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$Clock is a device designed to be used to keep track of time. SUMO: Any Device that measures and represents TimeDuration or TimePosition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'timepiece' in WordNet: 1. (1) timepiece, timekeeper, horologe - (a measuring instrument or device for keeping time)`
Super-classes	MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value TimeMeasure^c
Sub-classes	Metronome^c Sandglass^c Clock^c Timer^c Stopwatch^c

Timer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timer`
Description	CYC: A type of time measurement device that can be set for a particular amount of time. When activated, it will begin counting the time, and will finish when that amount of time has passed. Sometimes a timer will activate a bell or something to let the user know the time is up, but timers can also be used to activate other devices. NOTE: a ''Sandglass'' or ''Hourglass'' is not an instance, as the time it counts is present and cannot be changed. NOTE: this includes timers, for example, in an oven or microwave that turn off the device when the desired time of cooking is completed. This can also be used for the combination of devices with a computer application that performs that function and alerts the computer user when a time interval is completed or activates some other application at that time. For the kind of timepiece that measures a time interval (''TimeDuration'') use ''Stopwatch''. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'timer' in WordNet: 1. (1) timer - (a timepiece that measures a time interval and signals its end) 3. timer - (a regulator that activates or deactivates a mechanism at set times)
Super-classes	Timepiece^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value TimeDuration^c

Times^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Times`
Description	This sense of 'Times'' is a ''TimeInterval'' during which some specified Event happened, such as the dominance of some Country or prominent Person, as in 'Roman times'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'times' in WordNet: 1. (13) times - (a more or less definite period of time in history)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	Days^c

Timid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timid`
Description	The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Timidity'', a Feeling that is a more intense version of 'Reluctant'' and makes one very reluctant to perform an action that is perceived as risky.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'timid ' in WordNet: 1. (3) timid - (showing fear and lack of confidence) 2. diffident, shy, timid, unsure - (lacking self-confidence; 'stood in the doorway diffident and abashed'; 'problems that call for bold not timid responses'; 'a very unsure young man') 3. faint, fainthearted, timid, faint-hearted - (lacking conviction or boldness or courage; 'faint heart ne'er won fair lady') WN adj 'fearful': 4. fearful, timorous, trepid - (timid by nature or revealing timidity; 'timorous little mouse'; 'in a timorous tone'; 'cast fearful glances at the large dog')
Super-classes	Reluctant^c
Sub-classes	Shy^c

Timidity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timidity`
Description	Terror is the highest reified level within the general class of states called 'Fear'. Terror may paralyze action, or be a spur to action - this type does not require any action-related consequence. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'timidity' in Wordnet: 1. (1) timidity, timidness, timorousness - (fear of the unknown or unfamiliar or fear of making decisions) 2. timidity, timorousness - (fearfulness in venturing into new and unknown places or activities)`
Super-classes	Fear^c
Sub-classes	Shyness^c

Timing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Timing`
Description	''Timing''' is 'Measuring'' the length of time taken by any kind of Event (e.g.a race). This is not directly measuring a rate, although a rate may be inferred from the time taken to achieve a result. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'time' in WordNet: 1. (4) clock, time - (measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time; 'he clocked the runners')`
Super-classes	Measuring^c Observing^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some TimeDuration^c

Tin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tin

Description

The metallic element.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tin' in WordNet:
     1. (6) tin, Sn, atomic number 50 - (a silvery malleable metallic element 
        that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals
        to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where 
        it occurs as tin oxide)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

TinDioxide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TinDioxide`
Description	The compound with one ''Tin'' and two ''Oxygen''s in each molecule - SiO2.
Super-classes	Dioxide^c

Tine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tine`
Description	A ''Tine'' is a ''Prong'' on a long-handled like a fork or pitchfork. This is not for a 'tine' on an antler - would be a different type if needed, is usually referred to a a 'prong'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tine' in WordNet: 1. (2) tine - (prong on a fork or pitchfork or antler)`
Super-classes	Prong^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op value Fork-EatingUtensil^c isAtTheEndOf^op value LongHandledTool^c

Tingling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tingling

Description

This ''Tingling'' is a sensation one feels on the skin, as though hundreds of tiny needles are being poked lightly into the skin.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tingling' in WordNet:
          1. prickling, tingle, tingling - (a somatic sensation as from many tiny prickles)

Super-classes SkinSensation^c
CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c

Tinkering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tinkering`
Description	''Tinkering'' is working in an unhurried manner with no deadline, without any certainty that something desired will be accomplished. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tinker' in WordNet: 1. (1) putter, mess around, potter, tinker, monkey, monkey around, muck about, muck around - (do random, unplanned work or activities or spend time idly; 'The old lady is usually mucking about in her little house')`
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unhurried^c

Tiny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tiny`
Description	Something ''Tiny'' is smaller than just ''Small'', about as small as objects of that type can get. Not just for physical objects, also quantities or attributes 'a wee bit'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tiny' in WordNet: 1. (25) bantam, diminutive, lilliputian, midget, petite, tiny, flyspeck - (very small; 'diminutive in stature'; 'a lilliputian chest of drawers'; 'her petite figure'; 'tiny feet'; 'the flyspeck nation of Bahrain moved toward democracy')`
Super-classes	Small^c
Sub-classes	Wee^c Microscopic^c

TinyBubble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TinyBubble`
Description	A ''TinyBubble'' is a ''GasBubble'' that is no large than two mm in diameter, such as those emitted in 'sparkling' beverages or Beer. When many ''TinyBubble''s are emitted from a liquid having surfactant substance in it, the bubbles may collect at the surface of the LiquidObject as ''Froth'
Super-classes	GasBubble^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.2^c isContainedIn^op some (LiquidObject^c or Froth^c or LiquidSubstanceType^c or LiquidObjectType^c)

TinyObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TinyObject`
Description	A SolidObject so small it is hard or impossible to pick up with the fingers, but still visible, being at least 0.1 mm in diameter; this could be a mark on a surface, such as a period in a printed document. Something between 0.1 and 4 mm in diameter, when round; if long and thin like a strand of hair, it should be no more than 2 cm long. A BB pellet would be larger than the largest round 'TinyObject'. A small GrainOfSand would be about the smallest such object. A dust particle that can be seen by its scattered light it floats in air but cannot be recognized with the eye by itself on a surface would be too small to fit into this category: see 'Particle'. A ''Crumb'' of bread or cake would be an instance. `For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects.`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 0.3^c
Sub-classes	Sequin^c Grain^c Crumb^c Droplet^c Speck^c BurningSpark^c PrecipitationParticle^c

Tip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tip`
Description	A ''Tip'' is an ''EndOfAnObject'' that is no larger than a ''PortableObject'' and is ''LongAndThin''. The ''Tip'' has to be significantly smaller than one-half the size of the whole object (THis needs FOL to encode) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tip' in WordNet: 1. (12) tip - (the extreme end of something; especially something pointed)`
Super-classes	EndOfAnObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some PortableObject^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LongAndThinObject^c

TipToes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TipToes`
Description	This ''TipToes'' represents the five ''Toes''s of one a Person's two Feet, considered as a single 'Object' that is one of the two ''Tiptoes'' that is the ''SupportingObject'' that supports a person when that ''Person'' is standing or walking 'on tiptoe'. NOTE: it is not necessary that all five toes are used on any given Foot to support a Person, so the minimum is set at three. This is needed to represent the Posture ''OnTiptoes''. NOTE: the WN 'tiptoe' appears to represent the 'tip' of one toe, but the phrase 'tiptoes' or 'on 'tiptoes' refers to the whole toe and possibly part of the adjacent foot; this is not just the actual 'tip' of one toe but the part(s) of the foot used for standing on tiptoes. Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 1 of 'tiptoe' in WordNet: 1. tiptoe - (the tip of a toe)
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c AnimalBodyPart^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Foot^c isAtTheEndOf^op value Foot^c hasComponentElement^op max 5

Tipsy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tipsy`
Description	''Tipsy'' is the lowest level of being under the influence of Alcohol. RHW 'tipsy': 1. slightly intoxicated or drunk.
Super-classes	Drunk^c

Tiptoeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tiptoeing`
Description	A manner of walking (for people only) in which a person walks slowly and carefully on the ends of the feet (not literally the tips of one's toes) to avoid making noise. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tiptoe' in WordNet: 1. tiptoe - (walking on the tips of ones's toes so as to make no noise; 'moving with tiptoe steps')`
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quiet^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Slow^c

Tire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tire`
Description	Corresponds to 'tire' entry 2,sense 1 of 'tire' in RHW: 1. a ring or band of rubber, either solid or hollow and inflated, or of metal, placed over the rim of a wheel to provide traction, resistance to wear, or other desirable properties. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tire' and sense 2 of 'tyre' in WordNet: 1. (8) tire, tyre - (hoop that covers a wheel; 'automobile tires are usually made of rubber and filled with compressed air')`
Super-classes	VehiclePart^c ManufacturedGoods^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value SupportingWheel^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Torus^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Rubber^c hasShape^op value Toroidal^c

Tired^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tired`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing physical or mental Weariness. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tired' and sense 1 of 'weary'in WordNet: 1. (9) tired - (depleted of strength or energy; 'tired mothers with crying babies'; 'too tired to eat') WN 'weary' 1. (11) aweary, weary - (physically and mentally fatigued; ''aweary' is archaic')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Exhausted^c Leaden^c

Tireless^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tireless

Description

The difference between this ''Tireless'' and ''Hard-Working'' is that this is to be persisting over some period of time, whereas ''Hard-Working'' can be working hard in intervals, such as during working hours. But the glosses seem to overlap. Subtle differences, needs examples to determine logical difference.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tireless' in Wordnet:
     1. (1) indefatigable, tireless, unflagging, unwearying -
         (showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality;
         'an indefatigable advocate of equal rights'; 'a tireless worker'; 
         'unflagging pursuit of excellence')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Tissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tissue`
Description	COSMO note: Tissue is a substance for which the unit is a biological Cell. SUMO: An aggregation of similarly specialized Cells and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively non-localized in comparison to BodyParts, Organs or Organ components. The main features of Tissues are self-connectivity (see SelfConnectedObject) and being a homogeneous mass (all parts in the same granularity are instances of Tissue as well). COSMO note: this is a substance, not any particular object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tissue' in Wordnet: 1. (37) tissue - (part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function)
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c BodySubstance^c
Sub-classes	FruitPulp^c BarkTissue^c Flesh^c PlantTissue^c AnimalTissue^c BoneTheStuff^c

TissueMembrane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TissueMembrane`
Description	This is for any 'LipidBilayer'' that encloses a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell,or separates cells or cell parts from each other. CYC 'Membrane-Biological': This is the collection of membranes which grow as parts of living organisms. Note that while proper parts of, for example, cell membranes are still membranes, and hence are stuff-like qua membrane, they are not still cell membranes. It therefore makes sense to consider biological membranes to be object-like. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'membrane' in WordNet: 2. membrane, tissue layer - (a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects organs or cells of animals)
Super-classes	CellPart-Structural^c SheetlikeBarrier^c LipidBilayer^c
Sub-classes	CellMembrane^c Eardrum^c

TissuePaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TissuePaper`
Description	COSMO: any sheetlike Paper that is thin, porous, and easily torn. This included the tissue paper used for packing as well as the more Absorbent kind used as paper hankies or paper napkins (see subtype ''AbsorbentPaper'').. `RHW: a very thin, almost transparent paper used for wrapping delicate articles, covering illustrations in books, copying letters, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tissue paper' in WordNet: 1. (2) tissue, tissue paper - (a soft thin (usually translucent) paper)`
Super-classes	Paper^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Translucent^c
Sub-classes	AbsorbentPaper^c

Titanium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Titanium

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of titanium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form, although the collection includes liquid, gaseous, and chemically bound forms as well.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'titanium' in WordNet:
          1. titanium, Ti, atomic number 22 - 
              (a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element 
              used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); 
              the main sources are rutile and ilmenite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Title^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Title`
Description	The Name of some conceptual work, such as a book, movie, journal article, musical composition, chapter of a book, work of art, section of an article, etc. NOTE: In WordNet a chapter title has a distinct sense from title of a work, but the titles of journal articles fit into neither WordNet category, so this type covers all titles of conceptual works, including the descriptive headings of parts. The descriptive headings for sections of works, such as book chapters or sections of journal articles (e.g. 'Materials and Methods'), are represented by the subtype 'SectionTitle'. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'title' in WordNet: 2. (8) title - (the name of a work of art or literary composition etc.; 'he looked for books with the word 'jazz' in the title'; 'he refused to give titles to his paintings'; 'I can never remember movie titles') 3. (3) title - (a general or descriptive heading for a section of a written work; 'the novel had chapter titles')
Super-classes	Name^c
Sub-classes	SectionTitle^c Caption^c

Titmouse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Titmouse`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'titmouse' in WordNet: 1. titmouse, tit - (small insectivorous birds)`
Super-classes	OscineBird^c
Sub-classes	Chickadee^c

Titular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Titular

Description

''Titular'' is an AttributeValue of an ''HumanRole'' that indicates that the person who has that Role has little power or responsibility that would be expected of one with that Role in other situations.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'titular' in Wordnet:
       5. nominal, titular - (existing in name only; 
           'the nominal (or titular) head of his party')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

ToDoList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToDoList`
Description	A ''ToDoList'' is a ''TaskList'' containing descriptions of Tasks not yet performed,often in order of ''PriorityLevel''.. `This roughly Corresponds to the informal 'agenda' described by sense 1 of 'agenda' in Wordnet, the meeting agenda is the subtype ''MeetingAgenda''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agenda' in WordNet: 1. (3) agenda, docket, schedule - (a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to)`
Super-classes	TaskList^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op only FutureSituation^c
Sub-classes	MeetingAgenda^c

Toad^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toad

Description

SUMO: An Amphibian that lacks a Tail and lives at least partially outside of water.

       Corresponds to part (toad, not frog) of noun sense 1 of 'toad' in WordNet:
         1. (4) frog, toad, toad frog, anuran, batrachian, salientian - (any of various tailless 
           stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for leaping; semiaquatic and terrestrial species)

Super-classes Amphibian^c
VenomousAnimal^c

Toadying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toadying`
Description	''Toadying'' is a more intensive and self-demeaning form of ''Flattering'', being evidently ''Insincere'' even to onlookers. `Includes 'borwn-nose' (not in WN): RHW 'brown-nose': v.i. 1. to curry favor; behave obsequiously. v.t. 2. to seek favors from (a person) in an obsequious manner; fawn over. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toady' in WordNet: 1. fawn, toady, truckle, bootlick, kowtow, kotow, suck up - (try to gain favor by cringing or flattering; 'He is always kowtowing to his boss')`
Super-classes	FlatteringAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Adulation^c produced^op some Adulation^c hasAttributeValue^op value Excessive^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Humiliating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fawning^c

Toast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toast`
Description	A substance. A slice of toasted bread is made of this. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toast' in WordNet: 1. (5) toast - (slices of bread that have been toasted)`
Super-classes	Bread^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Toasted^c

ToastRack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToastRack`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toast rack' in WordNet: 1. toastrack - (a rack for holding slices of toast)`
Super-classes	Rack^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToHold^op value Toast^c

Toasted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toasted

Description

CYC: The collection of food that has been toasted. A specialization of #$Cooked.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'toasted' in WordNet:
          1. toasted - (browned over by exposure to heat; 'he liked toasted marshmallows')

Super-classes Cooked^c

Toaster^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toaster`
Description	An Electric heating device that heats bread objects to 'toast' their surface. `In CYC: ('ElectricalToaster'): The collection of all electric toasters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toaster' in WordNet: 1. (1) toaster - (a kitchen appliance (usually electric) for toasting bread)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c HeatingDevice^c FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c
Restrictions	heats^op value Bread^c hasComponentObjectType^op value HeatingElement^c isUsedInAction^op value MakingToast^c isDesignedToProduce^op value Toast^c heats^op value Bread^c
Sub-classes	ToasterOven^c

ToasterOven^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToasterOven

Description

A small electric oven that can be used to toast bread, heat up leftovers, etc.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toaster oven' in WordNet:
          1. toaster oven - (kitchen appliance consisting of a small 
            electric oven for toasting or warming food)

Super-classes Toaster^c
FoodOven^c

ToastingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToastingSomething`
Description	''ToastingSomething''is subjecting some FoodObject or substance to a heating action that heats the surface more than the interior, producing a browning effect on the surface. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'toast' in WordNet: 1. (5) crispen, toast, crisp - (make brown and crisp by heating; 'toast bread'; 'crisp potatoes')`
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c CookingFood^c Browning^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some (FoodType^c or SubstanceType^c or FoodObject^c or Food^c)
Sub-classes	MakingToast^c

Tobacco^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tobacco`
Description	COSMO note: this is the plant product - the SUMO definition is for the plant, not represented by this type. `CYC: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType and a specialization of #$PlantProduct. Each instance of #$Tobacco is a #$Mob of dried and shredded leaves of the #$TobaccoPlant. #$Tobacco is primarily used for #$Smoking. SUMO: A FloweringPlant containing nicotine whose leaves are dried and then smoked or ingested. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tobacco' in WordNet: 1. (4) tobacco, baccy - (leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion)`
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Nicotine^c

TobaccoAsh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TobaccoAsh`
Description	Ashes from a cigarette, cigar, pipe or other smokable object such as a marijuana reefer.
Super-classes	Ashes^c

Toboggan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toboggan

Description

Not considered a ''Sled'' which must have runners.

       RHW: a long, narrow, flat-bottomed sled made of a thin board 
          curved upward and backward at the front, often with low handrails
          on the sides, used esp. in the sport of coasting over snow or ice.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toboggan' in WordNet:
         1. toboggan - (a long narrow sled without runners; boards curve upward in front)

Super-classes Device-UserPowered^c
MountableTransporter^c
SnowSurfaceTransporter^c
Device-UserControlled^c

Today^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Today`
Description	A relative TimeInterval; the Day in which 'Now' occurs. The sense as an adverb is included, but could be distinct - phrases such as 'at ten o'clock' generate adverbs from nouns, and 'today' as adverb can be though of as 'on today' or 'at today' (formally representable as 'occurredInTimeInterval Today' - same issue with 'Tomorrow'. @ToDo: operhaps need relation to generate adverb from nouns of time position?? `Corresponds to noun sense 2 and adjective sense 2 of 'today' in WordNet: WN noun 'today' 2. (13) today - (the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow); 'Today is beautiful'; 'did you see today's newspaper?') WN adverb 'today' 2. (12) today - (on this day as distinct from yesterday or tomorrow; 'I can't meet with you today')`
Super-classes	RelativeTime^c Day^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalPart^op value Now^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Date20210219

TodayAndTomorrow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TodayAndTomorrow`
Description	A relative TimeInterval that includes both Today and Tomorrow.
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c RelativeTime^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalPart^op value Today^c hasTemporalPart^op value Tomorrow^c

Toddling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toddling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'toddle' in WordNet: 1. toddle, coggle, totter, dodder, paddle, waddle - (walk unsteadily; 'small children toddle')`
Super-classes	Walking^c

Toe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toe`
Description	Digits of the foot. `SUMO: The five extremities of a Foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toe' in WordNet: 1. (13) toe - (one of the digits of the foot)`
Super-classes	Digit-AnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Foot^c

ToeClaw^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToeClaw`
Description	This is a (single) hard claw on the ''Toe'' of some mammals or birds and some reptiles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'claw' in WordNet: 1. (2) claw - (sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles)`
Super-classes	Claw^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sharp^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value PointyEnded^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Toe^c

Toenail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toenail`
Description	Protective covering at the end of a toe. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toenail' in WordNet: 1. toenail - (the nail at the end of a toe)`
Super-classes	DigitNail^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Toe^c

Tofu^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tofu`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tofu' in WordNet: 1. bean curd, tofu - (cheeselike food made of curdled soybean milk)`
Super-classes	Curd^c SemiSolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Soybeans^c

Toga^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toga`
Description	CYC: The collection of mantles such as those worn by the Romans beginning around 400 BC. The Roman #$Toga emerged as a modification of the earlier Etruscan mantles. Instances of #$Toga were generally large squares of linen, folded and draped in complicated patterns, and sometimes colored or embroidered according to the social standing of the wearer. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toga' in WordNet: 1. toga - (a one-piece cloak worn by men in ancient Rome)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c Clothing-WholeBody^c OuterGarment^c
Restrictions	isMostlyWornBy^op value RomanMan^c typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Linen^c

Together^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Together`
Description	'together'is an adverb having the general meaning 'not separated' (of objects) or 'not separately' (of objects performing an action). (See the related AttributeValue 'Separate'). These subtypes can be distinguished,but only in an FOL representation. Includes adverb senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'together' in Wordnet: 1. (27) jointly, collectively, conjointly, together, put together - (in conjunction with; combined; 'our salaries put together couldn't pay for the damage'; 'we couldn't pay for the damages with all our salaries put together') 2. (22) together - (in contact with each other; 'the leaves stuck together') 3. (19) together - (assembled in one place; 'we were gathered together') 4. (12) together - (in each other's company; 'we went to the movies together'; 'the family that prays together stays together')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Jointly^c

Togetherness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Togetherness

Description

''Togetherness'' is a mutual ''Feeling'' among some Group of people that includes both ''Intimacy'' and ''Affection'', where people who like each other are also 'intimate'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'togetherness' in WordNet:
          1. togetherness - (affectionate closeness; 'togetherness is the new wonder ingredient in marriage')

Super-classes Affection^c
Intimacy^c

Toilet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toilet`
Description	CYC: The collection of modern 20th century western-style ('seat-style') toilets. It is commonly made of ceramic, but some are of metal (as in an airplane). NOTE: it is designed with a water-filled bowl so that a person can eliminate while sitting on the bowl (usually on a toilet seat on the bowl). This differs from the squat-style toilets found in many places, and from stand-up urinals. SUMO: A Device for urination and defecation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toilet' in Wordnet: 2. (2) toilet, can, commode, crapper, pot, potty, stool, throne - (a plumbing fixture for defecation and urination)
Super-classes	PlumbingFixture^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c HouseholdAttachment^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value Chair^c hasPhysicalPart^op value ToiletBowl^c

ToiletBowl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToiletBowl`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toilet bowl' in Wordnet: 1. toilet bowl - (the bowl of a toilet that can be flushed with water)`
Super-classes	LiquidContainer^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Toilet^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Bowl-Generic^c isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c

ToiletPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToiletPaper`
Description	Toilet paper considered as a Substance. Typically comes in rolls (in the USA). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toilet paper' in Wordnet: 1. toilet tissue, toilet paper, bathroom tissue - (a soft thin absorbent paper for use in toilets)`
Super-classes	ToiletrySubstance^c AbsorbentPaper^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Wiping^c

ToiletPaperRoll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToiletPaperRoll`
Description	A ''ToiletPaperRoll'' is a ''RollAndSpool'' in which the ''RollOfStuff' is a cylindrical ''RollOfToiletPaper''. `NOTE the clumsy reordering of the words to distinguish the whole object from its functional part.`
Super-classes	RollAndSpool^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value RollOfToiletPaper^c

ToiletrySubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToiletrySubstance`
Description	COSMO note: in WOrdNet a 'toiletry' is an Object. This type is for the substances contained in toiletry products. `CYC Grooming and hygiene substances used by people. Includes only products that are partly or wholly consumed in personal care events, such as shampoo and deodorant. For durable items such as tooth brushes and shavers, see other subsets of #$PersonalHygieneProduct. The Wordnet sense might be misleading, but it is included in case it has been tagged - the substance might be tagged: in WordNet: 1. toiletry, toilet article - (an artifact used in making your toilet)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c ConsumableProduct^c
Sub-classes	CosmeticLotion^c Ointment^c Shampoo^c HairConditioner^c ShavingCream^c Makeup^c Toothpaste^c HairSpray^c Perfume^c Toothpowder^c ToiletPaper^c Deodorant^c Mouthwash^c Antiperspirant^c

Token^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Token

Description

An object, often round like a coin, that can be used as tender for certain purposes, such as subway rides, tolls, etc.

     For a game token (e.g. game piece) use 'Token-Physical'.

     Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'token' in WordNet:
       2. token - (a metal or plastic disk that can be used
          (as a substitute for coins) in slot machines)

Super-classes TenderObject^c
Certificate^c
SmallObject^c

Token-Physical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Token-Physical`
Description	COSMO note: Cyc and COSMO permit things like game pieces to be instances of this type, and therefore this type does not include merely coin-like objects, but plastic and wood ones also. This is not for 'Tokens' that represent a currency value, such as those used in turnstiles or toll booths - for that type of 'Token' use 'Token'. `Cyc: A collection of small symbolic items, normally made of metal. The collection includes medals (#$Medal-Physical) and coins (#$Coin-Currency) as well as privately issued #$Currency substitutes and similar objects.`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c SymbolicObject^c HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c
Sub-classes	GameToken^c

Told^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Told`
Description	''Told'' is the attribute of a ''LinguisticCommunication'' or any part of it that was the content of a ''Narrating''.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Tolerance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tolerance`
Description	''Tolerance'' is a Trait of a person who is able to experience annoying or distasteful behavior from other people without expressing objection or trying to supress that behavior. `For a Feeling that a person with this trait has,use ''Toleration''. Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'tolerance' in WordNet: 2. (1) permissiveness, tolerance - (a disposition to allow freedom of choice and behavior) 4. tolerance - (willingness to recognize and respect the beliefs or practices of others)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	Leniency^c Neutrality^c Lenience^c

Tolerant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tolerant`
Description	''Tolerant'' is a general ''FeelingAttribute'' characterizing both a Person who can either (1) tolerate annoying or unpleasant behaviors from others without taking action to change that behavior (such as complaining or punishing); or (2) respects the right of others to behave in ways that s/he does not approve of. `The subtype ''Lenient'' is more specifically for the attribute of accepting low performance from subordinates. @ToDo1409: Should have partial opposite 'Intolerant' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tolerant' in WordNet: 1. (3) tolerant - (showing respect for the rights or opinions or practices of others)`
Super-classes	FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Lenient^c Broad-minded^c

TolerantToStress^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TolerantToStress

Description

''TolerantToStress'' is the AttributeValue of an ''Organism'' that is affected less negatively by environmental conditions outside its optimal survival range of conditions.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'tolerant' and senses
         4. tolerant, resistant - (able to tolerate environmental conditions or physiological 
            stress; 'the plant is tolerant of saltwater'; 'these fish are quite tolerant 
            as long as extremes of pH are avoided'; 'the new hybrid is more resistant to drought')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Tolerating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tolerating`
Description	''Tolerating'' is a ''WithstandingEvent'' that is a ''MentalEvent'' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tolerate' in WordNet: 1. (7) digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand, tolerate, support, brook, abide, suffer, put up - (put up with something or somebody unpleasant; 'I cannot bear his constant criticism'; 'The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks'; 'he learned to tolerate the heat'; 'She stuck out two years in a miserable marriage')`
Super-classes	MentalEvent^c WithstandingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Resignation^c

Toleration^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toleration

Description

This is a ''Feeling'' that causes an agent to not forbid or express objection to an action by another agent even though the first agent considers it undesirable in some respect.

       For the trait that is an attribute of someone having
          such a feeling, use ''Tolerance''

       Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'tolerance'in WordNet:
        2. (1) permissiveness, tolerance - (a disposition to allow 
          freedom of choice and behavior)

Super-classes Calmness-Feeling^c

TollBooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TollBooth`
Description	A ''TollBooth'' is a ''Cubicle'' that is located at the edge of the Roadway on some ''TollRoad'', where a 'Toll taker' can collect ''RoadTOll''s - or, if there is a coin or currency taking Device, the Driver can pay cash, or the ''RoafToll'' may be collected by an autmtic payment system that charges the Driver electronically. However,the ''TollBooth'' has to have some place for a person to stand or sit. If the tools are collected automatically by an overhead radio Device, that structure would be part of a 'toll plaza' but not an instance of ''TollBooth''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tollbooth' in WordNet: 1. tollbooth, tolbooth, tollhouse - (a booth at a tollgate where the toll collector collects tolls)`
Super-classes	Cubicle^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value TollRoad^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value PayingaRoadToll^c

TollCollecting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TollCollecting`
Description	This is for the action of a Person who 'collects' a ''RoadToll'' typically at a ''TollBooth'' on some toll road.
Super-classes	Gathering^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value RoadToll^c

TollRoad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TollRoad`
Description	A ''TollRoad'' is a ''Highway'' for the use of which users must pay a ''RoadToll''. `WN 'turnpike' is the only type of toll road listed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turnpike' in WordNet: 2. turnpike - (an expressway on which tolls are collected)`
Super-classes	Highway^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value UsingaTollRoad^c enablesOrAssists^op value HighSpeedTraffic^c

Tolling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tolling`
Description	''Tolling'' is a 'Ringing' slowly like a church bell at a funeral, with a deep ''LowPitch'' sound. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of noun sense 3 of 'toll' (for church bells, not 'bell') in WordNet: 1. (1) toll - (ring slowly; 'For whom the bell tolls') WN noun 'toll': 3. bell, toll - (the sound of a bell being struck; 'saved by the bell'; 'she heard the distant toll of church bells')`
Super-classes	Bonging^c Ringing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Repetitive^c isPerformedBy^op value LargeBell^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Slow^c

Toluene^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toluene

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toluene' in WordNet:
         1. toluene, methylbenzene - (a colorless flammable liquid 
            obtained from petroleum or coal tar; used as a solvent 
            for gums and lacquers and in high-octane fuels)

Super-classes LiquidSubstance^c
Hydrocarbon^c
AromaticCompound^c
Petrochemical^c

TomTom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TomTom

Description

CYC: The collection of #$DrumInstrument's usually beaten with the hands and generally producing a high pitch (for drums). #$TomTom's are conventionally associated with American Indians (i.e., #$EthnicGroupOfIndiansOfTheUS).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tom-tom' in WordNet:
          1. tenor drum, tom-tom - (any of various drums with small heads)

Super-classes DrumInstrument^c

TomTurkey^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TomTurkey

Description

A male member of the species 'Meleagris gallopavo', including wild and domesticated variants.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tom turkey' in Wordnet:
             1. (1) turkey cock, gobbler, tom, tom turkey - (male turkey)

Super-classes TurkeyBird^c
MeatBearingAnimal^c
MaleAnimal^c

Tomahawk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tomahawk`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tomahawk' in Wordnet: 1. tomahawk, hatchet - (weapon consisting of a fighting ax; used by North American Indians)`
Super-classes	PrimitiveWeapon^c Axe^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op max 1

Tomato^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tomato`
Description	The Fruit of the TomatoPlant, usually of a reddish color when ripe. Includes small varieties ('cherry tomatoes') as well as larger ones. Technically it is a fruit, but it is often considered as a vegetable in food classifications. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tomato' in WordNet: 1. (2) tomato - (mildly acid red or yellow pulpy fruit eaten as a vegetable)`
Super-classes	EdibleFruit^c BallLikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 15.0^c isDerivedFrom^op value TomatoPlant^c

TomatoBasedSauce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TomatoBasedSauce`
Description
Super-classes	ProcessedNaturalSubstance^c Sauce^c Condiment^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Tomato^c
Sub-classes	Ketchup^c Salsa^c

TomatoJuice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TomatoJuice`
Description	COSMO: A PlantJuice derived by squeezing tomatoes. Those criteria may be necessary and sufficient, but as of v753, they are only necessary. `Cyc: The juice of tomatos. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tomato juice' in WordNet: 1. tomato juice - (the juice of tomatoes (usually bottled or canned))`
Super-classes	FruitJuice^c FruitDrink^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Tomato^c

TomatoPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TomatoPlant

Description

Individual tomato plants.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tomato' and sense 
      1 of 'tomato plant' in WordNet:
    2. tomato, love apple, tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum -
    (native to South America; widely cultivated in many varieties)

Super-classes CropPlant^c
Vegetable-Plant^c

Tomb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tomb`
Description	CYC: The collection of all tombs: structures in which (or under which) the dead bodies or other remains of persons are deposited. A #$Tomb acts as a #$MemorialMarker of the dead within. Note: A #$MemorialMarker or #$Monument in which (or under which) the honored person was never buried or deposited is not a #$Tomb. See also #$TombOfFn. `COSMO note: an unmarked Grave would be a Grave - a Tomb must have some kind of marker on the surface. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact which is meant to contain someone who is Dead. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grave' in WordNet: 2. (5) grave, tomb - (a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone); 'he put flowers on his mother's grave')`
Super-classes	StorageConstruct^c GraveSite^c MemorialMarker^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value GraveSite^c isDesignedToContain^op value HumanCorpse^c isDesignedToContain^op value Coffin^c
Sub-classes	Mausoleum^c Grave^c

Tombstone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tombstone`
Description	A relatively small Monument that marks a single grave or small number of graves, though each grave may contain the remains of more than one person. Indistinguishable from 'Gravestone'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravestone' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gravestone, headstone, tombstone - (a stone that is used to mark a grave)`
Super-classes	GraveMarker^c Monument^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Stone^c

Tomorrow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tomorrow

Description

A relative TimeInterval; the Day which is one day after 'Today'.

     See 'Today' for a discussion of whether the adverb sense can be 
       conflated with the noun sense.

     Instances of this Type can only be created relative to a specific 
     TimepPints as context; in that context, Tomorrow follows Today,
     but in any other context today's 'Tomorrow' will not necessarily
     follow that TimePoint's 'Today'

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'tomorrow' in WordNet:
     WN noun 'tomorrow'
        1. (16) tomorrow - (the day after today; "what are our tasks for tomorrow?")
     WN adverb 'tomorrow'
        1. (3) tomorrow - (the next day, the day after, following the present day)

Super-classes Day^c
RelativeTime^c

TonMass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TonMass

Description

English mass unit that is equal to 2000 pounds.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ton' in WordNet:
    1. (12) short ton, ton, net ton - (a United States unit of weight 
        equivalent to 2000 pounds)

Super-classes MassMeasure^c

ToneOfVoice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToneOfVoice

Description

A ''ToneOfVoice'' is a ''MannerOfSpeaking'' that implies some attitude or feeling on the part of the speaker..

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tone of voice' in WordNet:
          1. tone, tone of voice - (the quality of a person's voice;
          'he began in a conversational tone'; 'he spoke in a nervous tone of voice')

Super-classes MannerOfSpeaking^c

Tongs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tongs`
Description	Hand tool used for grasping objects. Two long sides are joined at one end or in the middle, and a squeezing motion of the hand at the grip ends brings the grasping ends together. `NOTE that CYC has ''CookingUtensl'' as a parent - that is true for some kinds of ''Tongs'' - but not all. Maybe a subtype?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tongs' in WordNet: 1. tongs, pair of tongs - (any of various devices for taking hold of objects; usually have two hinged legs with handles above and pointed hooks below)`
Super-classes	CookingUtensil^c Device-UserPowered^c HandTool^c ManufacturedGoods^c SimpleTool^c GrippingTool^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value GrasperArm^c hasPhysicalPart^op value PivotDevice^c

Tongue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tongue`
Description	The movable fleshy organ in the mouth, used for tasting, moving food around, and, in human beings, for producing speech. `SUMO: Part of the Mouth, used for Tasting Food, Vocalizing, and the initial stage of Digesting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tongue' in WordNet: 1. (14) tongue, lingua, glossa, clapper - (a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c Organ^c ChemoReceptiveSensor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Mobile^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Muscle^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Mouth^c isUsedInAction^op value Speaking^c

TongueTwister^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TongueTwister

Description

A ''TongueTwister'' is an ''Expression'' that is difficult to pronounce rapidly without making some mispronunciation.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tongue twister' in WordNet:
         1. (1) tongue twister - (an expression that is difficult to articulate clearly;
             " 'rubber baby buggy bumper' is a tongue twister ")

Super-classes Expression^c

Tonight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tonight`
Description	The class of TimeIntervals that begin at Sunset and end at Sunrise, and start on 'Today'. `See 'Today' for a discussion of whether the adverb sense can be conflated with the noun sense. Includes nouns sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'tonight' in Wordnet: WN noun 'tonight' 1. (3) tonight - (the present or immediately coming night) WN adverb 'tonight' 1. (22) tonight, this evening, this night - (during the night of the present day; 'drop by tonight')`
Super-classes	NightTime^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaTemporalPartOf some TodayAndTomorrow^c

Tonsil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tonsil`
Description	The #$Collection of all #$Tonsils. Individual #$Tonsils are small rounded masses appearing on each side of the rear of the #$Tongue at the top of the #$Throat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tonsil' in WordNet: 1. tonsil, palatine tonsil, faucial tonsil, tonsilla - (either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx)`
Super-classes	InternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Throat^c

Tonsillectomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tonsillectomy`
Description	the surgical procedure in which the tonsils are removed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tonsillectomy' in WordNet: 1. tonsillectomy - (surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy)`
Super-classes	SurgicalTreatment^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTreatAilment^op value Tonsillitis^c removes^op value Tonsil^c

Tonsillitis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tonsillitis`
Description	CYC: A collection of infections. Instances of #$Tonsillitis are inflamationtions of the tonsil. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tonsillitis' in WordNet: 1. tonsillitis - (inflammation of the tonsils (especially the palatine tonsils))`
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c Infection^c Inflammation^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedBodypart^op value Tonsil^c

TooMuch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TooMuch

Description

'TooMuch' is an attribute of some amount (of materials or effort or money, etc.) that asserts that the amount is not only in excess of what is required to accomplish the goal, but is so far in excess that there is some negative consequence from the surplus.

    NOTE: this is an adverb in WN.  It can also be used as an adjective: 'too much information'.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'too much' in WordNet:
        1. (29) overmuch, too much - (more than necessary; 
             'she eats too much'; 'let's not blame them overmuch')

Super-classes SufficiencyValue^c

Tool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tool`
Description	A specialization of both #$PhysicalDevice and #$Device-UserControlled (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Tool is a device that is used by people to manipulate or alter other objects or the immediate environment in some way. (Thus it does not include #$PomPoms, e.g.) #$Tools are typically controlled by their user during use and can be used more than once (so #$Tool is disjoint with #$Device-OneTimeUse). #$Tool includes devices used in many different activities, as shown by this sampling its subcollections: #$WoodworkingTool, #$PlumbingTool, some (but not all) kinds of #$MedicalDevices, #$CleaningImplement, and #$WritingImplement. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tool' in WordNet: 1. (15) tool - (an implement used in the practice of a vocation)`
Super-classes	Device^c Device-UserControlled^c DurableGood^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	SimpleTool^c DrillBit^c StampDevice^c Drill^c HandTool^c PowerTool^c BatteringRam^c Plow^c Ram-Device^c HardwareTool^c Cultivator^c Ladder^c

ToolBlade^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToolBlade`
Description	An ''ToolBlade'' is the broad flat end of some types of Device with a ''LongHandle'' `Corresponds to a subtype of sense 7 of 'blade' in RHW: a thin, flat part of something, as of an oar or a bone: shoulder blade Corresponds to part of noun sense 9 of 'blade' (for tools, not used for cutting) in WordNet: 9. blade - (the flat part of a tool or weapon that (usually) has a cutting edge)`
Super-classes	GenericVane^c WorkingHead^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LongHandledTool^c
Sub-classes	OarBlade^c SnowShovelBlade^c ShovelBlade^c

ToolKit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToolKit`
Description	A ''ToolKit'' is a ''KitAndContents'' in which the contents are ''"HandTool''s. This is for any tradesman, not just carpenters. note that this is a ''PortableObject'' so the largest ''Toolkit'' might be the tool chest on wheels that is used in some auto repair shops. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'tool kit' (include tool kits other than carpeters' - plumbers, device repair people) in WordNet: 1. carpenter's kit, tool kit - (a set of carpenter's tools)`
Super-classes	KitAndContents^c Equipment^c
Restrictions	hasContents^op value HandTool^c isUsedInAction^op value SkilledTrade^c

Tooth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tooth`
Description	Vertebrate teeth used in chewing food to aid digestion. `SUMO: Part of the Mouth, used for biting and chewing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tooth' in WordNet: 1. (38) tooth - (hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Mouth^c
Sub-classes	Tusk^c SnakeFang^c CanineTooth^c

ToothBrush^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToothBrush`
Description	A small Brush with bristles no longer than 2 cm, used for cleaning teeth. NOTE that ToothBrushes have become self-powered in some cases, including those with rotating heads. All brushes designed to clean teeth are included in the 'ToothBrush' type, not just the traditional ones. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toothbrush' in WordNet: 1. (1) toothbrush - (small brush; has long handle; used to clean teeth)`
Super-classes	MedicalDevice^c Brush^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ShortBristles^c

ToothDecay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToothDecay`
Description	''ToothDecay'' is a part of a ''Tooth'' that has decayed and is less fncitonal than the normal ''Tooth' and may pose health risks. This typically is due to the action of bacteria on the surfact of the''Tooth''. `NOTE: this is a Physicalobject, not the process of decaying, as suggested by the parent synsets in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tooth decay' in WordNet: 1. cavity, caries, dental caries, tooth decay - (soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isaProperPartOf^op value Tooth^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Decayed^c

ToothEnamel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToothEnamel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tooth enamel' in WordNet: 1. enamel, tooth enamel - (hard white substance covering the crown of a tooth)`
Super-classes	SolidBodySubstance^c

Toothache^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toothache`
Description	An ache that appears to be located inside some ''Tooth''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toothache' in Wordnet: 1. toothache, odontalgia - (an ache localized in or around a tooth)`
Super-classes	Ache^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value Tooth^c

ToothedWheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToothedWheel`
Description	A ''ToothedWheel'' is a wheel with 'teeth' on its perimeter that are designed either: (1) to mesh with the 'teeth' of a ''GearWheel'' ( a subtpe of ''ToothedWheels'') or (2) to contact a 'pawl' in a Mechanism that has a ''RatchedWheel'' (another subtype of ''ToothedWheel'') `In cyc called 'Gear': Cyc: A wheel with teeth.`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c Wheel^c
Sub-classes	GearWheel^c RatchetWheel^c

Toothpaste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toothpaste`
Description	The semi-liquid stuff used for cleaning teeth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toothpaste' in Wordnet: 1. (1) toothpaste - (a dentifrice in the form of a paste)`
Super-classes	CleaningSubstance^c Colloid^c ToiletrySubstance^c Paste^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value BrushingTeeth^c

ToothpasteTube^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToothpasteTube`
Description	CYC: The collection of container products in which tooth paste is packaged and sold.
Super-classes	SqueezeTube^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Toothpaste^c

Toothpick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toothpick`
Description	An object used for the purpose of partly cleaning the teeth by removing objects from between the teeth. Usually of ''Wood''. Often both ends are pointed, but not necessarily. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toothpick' in WordNet: 1. toothpick - (pick consisting of a small strip of wood or plastic; used to pick food from between the teeth)`
Super-classes	Shaft^c CleaningDevice^c PointyEndedObject^c PersonalHygieneProduct^c SmallObject^c
Restrictions	typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value CleaningTeeth^c hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 12.0^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 0.3^c

Toothpowder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toothpowder`
Description	A ''Powder'' designed and used for cleaning teeth. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tooth powder' in WordNet: 1. tooth powder, toothpowder - (a dentifrice in the form of a powder)`
Super-classes	Powder^c CleaningSubstance^c ToiletrySubstance^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value BrushingTeeth^c

TopAndBottomSidedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopAndBottomSidedObject`
Description	COSMO note: this is for object that are typically oriented vertically in a gravitational field (when functioning normally), and whose top and bottom sides are distinguishable. The top side is still the top side when the object is lying horizontally (as when being stored). Cyc: A #$TopAndBottomSidedObject is an object with an intrinsic #$TopSide and an intrinsic #$BottomSide. By 'intrinsic' we mean simply that there exists an established convention according to which one side is considered 'top' and the other side is considered 'bottom'. Usually the two sides in question can be reliably distinguished from one another. For example, by convention, the 'top' of a #$Table-PieceOfFurniture is the side on which other objects usually rest, while the 'bottom' is the side which usually touches the floor. Notice that a conventionally distinguishable bottom and top do not necessarily imply a left and right, or a front and back. A plant is a good example of the case where they do not: top and bottom can be reliably distinguished but not, ordinarily, front and back or left and right. Notice also--and this is crucial to the whole conception--that while a #$TopAndBottomSidedObject may well have a preferred orientation, changing this orientation does not change what counts as 'top' and what counts as 'bottom': if a car flips over on the highway its top is now facing the pavement and its bottom--the undercarriage--is now up in the air. If an entity does not obey this rule then it does not, generally speaking, count as having a distinguishable top and bottom--example: an hourglass or a book. (see also #$NoteAboutSidedObject)
Super-classes	BilateralObject^c
Sub-classes	FlatToppedObject^c ArtifactBase^c Crater^c Obelisk^c Plateau^c Stair^c Tower^c ClosableContainer^c Cloud^c Basin^c Backgammon-Board^c ShakerDispenser^c Balcony^c FlightOfStairs^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c BeaverDam^c Room^c HedgeRow^c VerticallySymmetricalObject^c KitchenCompartment^c HoleInTheGround^c SwimmableWaterObject^c Roof^c FlatBottomedObject^c Hand^c PathForWheeledVehicles^c Dam^c VerticalShaft^c Piling^c FurniturePiece^c ArtifactStem^c BodyOfWater^c SmallSupportingStand^c Umbrella^c LiquidContainer^c Bridge^c Bottle^c LightedCandle^c Ceiling^c GoalPost^c Platform^c Plant^c Train-TransportationDevice^c IceFloe^c Boat^c HexalateralObject^c FootwearItem^c Stairway^c

TopCap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopCap`
Description	A 'TopCap' is a cap for a ContainerWithTopCap, and could be a bottle cap, a jar lid, a jug stopper (e.g. a cork), or the cap for a can with a screw-cap opening at the top. `For screwed TopCaps, uise 'ScrewTopCap'.`
Super-classes	ContainerCap^c
Sub-classes	ScrewTopCap^c BottleCap^c

TopFloor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopFloor`
Description	The ''TopFloor'' is the ''Storey'' that is above all other ''Storey's .
Super-classes	Storey^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op value Building^c

TopOfaPole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopOfaPole`
Description	The TopOfaPole is the ''TopPart'' of a 'Pole'' where certain things may be located.
Super-classes	TopPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Pole^c

TopPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopPart`
Description	The TopPart of a TopAndBottomSidedObject is the PhysicalObject is above the other parts in a gravitational field, when the TopAndBottomSidedObject is oriented as intended. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'top' in WordNet: 1. (23) top - (the upper part of anything; 'the mower cuts off the tops of the grass'; 'the title should be written at the top of the first page')`
Super-classes	OrientedPart^c
Restrictions	isAbove^op value BottomPart^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op some TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	TopOfaPole^c

TopSail^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopSail

Description

The topsail of a sailboat.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'topsail' in WordNet:
          1. topsail - (a sail (or either of a pair of sails) immediately above 
          the lowermost sail of a mast and supported by a topmast)

Super-classes Sail^c

TopSide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopSide`
Description	CYC: The collection of all the entire top sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces up. This is the 'side' on which one puts things that are to be supported by a flat-topped object. If one puts an object on a shelf, one puts it on the 'TopSide' of the shelf. `The 'ship part' topside could be a subtype. Includes noun sense 2 of 'top' and sense 1 of 'top side' and sense 1 of 'topside' in WordNet: 2. (16) top, top side, upper side, upside - (the highest or uppermost side of anything; 'put your books on top of the desk'; 'only the top side of the box was painted') WN 'topside': 1. topside - ((usually plural) weather deck; the part of a ship's hull that is above the waterline)`
Super-classes	Side^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some TopAndBottomSidedObject^c isAbove^op value BottomSide^c
Sub-classes	DeskTop^c RoofTop^c

TopSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopSurface`
Description	A ''TopSurface'' is an 'OuterPhysicalSurface' on the top of some ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surface' in WordNet: 1. (103) surface - (the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; 'there is a special cleaner for these surfaces'; 'the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface')`
Super-classes	OuterPhysicalSurface^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value TopSide^c
Sub-classes	HorizontalTopSurface^c TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject^c WorkSurface^c

TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject`
Description	The ''TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject'' is a ''TopSurface'' at the surface of a ''LiquidObject'' contained in some container in a gravitational field. This is a ''SurfacePortion'' that includes some depth of the liquid beyond the surface line itself. The depth can be many feet,as anoceanliner can float thirty feet or more into an Ocean, and still be on the ''TopSurface''.
Super-classes	SurfacePortion^c TopSurface^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LiquidObject^c
Sub-classes	WaterSurface^c

Topaz^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Topaz

Description

This is the substance that makes up a ''Topaz-Gem''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'topaz' in WordNet:
         2. topaz - (a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs 
           in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone)

Super-classes Mineral^c

Topaz-Gem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Topaz-Gem`
Description	A #$SemipreciousStone which is yellow in color and translucent.
Super-classes	Gemstone^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Topaz^c

Topic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Topic`
Description	A ''Topic'' is any of a broad category of 'MentalObject''s of any degree of complexity that a person may (or may not) think about. The subtypes are more specific, e.g.: A ''Topic'' that includes some question ('Question-IBT'') is represented as the subtype ''MatterForConsideration'' A ''Topic'' that includes some ''ProblemToBeSolved'' is represented as an ''Issue'' (a subtype of ''MatterForConsideration'') The value (object) of the relation 'hasTopic' is not restricted to any set of entities in the ontology. This sense of 'Topic' is more specific for a topic that may be defined with respect to some particular text, such as the list of Topics in a library catalogue. NOTE that the 'subject' of a sentence, viewed as an abstract InformatioObject, might be viewed as a Topic, but the 'SubjectOfaSentence' is actually a subtype of 'AbstractString'. @ToDo: the main subject is not the same as the set of sentences discussing that subject - this needs differentiation. A Topic is a MentalObject which consists of a group of MentalObjects (possibly one MentalObject) including one or more of (1) assertions (not necessarily true) about something - anything at all (2) questions about something; (3) pointers to entities of interest. The label for a topic is the common element (explicit or indirectly implied) around which the assertions, questions, or focus pointers are centered. Any category, any word in any language, anything that can be discussed, is a potential topic. A Topic may also be a genre of writing. The subtypes of this type deal with narrower classes of topics. NOTE that in COSMO a formal Database is classified as a subtype of Topic. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'topic', which are also senses 1 and 2 'subject' in WordNet: 1. (326) subject, topic, theme - (the subject matter of a conversation or discussion; 'he didn't want to discuss that subject'; 'it was a very sensitive topic'; 'his letters were always on the theme of love')
Super-classes	Context^c Group^c InformationObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value LinguisticAssertion^c
Sub-classes	DomainOfKnowledge^c PeriodicalTopic^c Theme^c NewspaperTopic^c ActivityTopic^c CommunicationsTopic^c BiographicalTopic^c Database^c TopicOfInterest^c SubjectOfanImage^c

TopicCoverage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopicCoverage`
Description	''TopicCoverage'' is a 'Scope' that includes the ''Topic''s that are 'covered' by being mentioned in at least one of the articles in the AbstractDocuments that are either printed or broadcast or taught or included in a book; and also may include methodology or depth or certain qualities of the discussions of those ''Topic''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coverage' in WordNet: 2. (1) coverage - (the extent to which something is covered; 'the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent')`
Super-classes	Scope^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some AbstractDocument^c hasComponentElement^op some Topic^c

TopicList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopicList`
Description	A ''TopicList'' is a List all of whose elements are Strings naming topics in an AbstractDocument, forming part of an ''Index''. Conceptually, if an ''Index'' is viewed as a table with two columns (topic and location) then this list would be the first column.
Super-classes	List^c Series^c Scope^c
Restrictions	hasOrderingRelation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlphabeticallyOrdered^c isaPartOf^op value Index^c seriesOrderedBy^op value Alphabet^c hasComponentElement^op some Topic^c

TopicOfInterest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopicOfInterest`
Description	Each 'TopicOfInterest' is a 'Topic' (which could be almost anything) that is of interest to a perticular person. The corresponds to the sense of 'interest' in 'pursuing his interests'. Each instance of 'TopicOfInterest' must have at least one IntelligentAgent related by the 'isAnInterestOf' relation. Having such an interest would imply that that agent has a feeling of 'Interest' in that topic. The relation between the Feeling of 'Interest' and this type is not yet (rev1061) specified. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'interest' in WordNet: 5. (68) pastime, interest, pursuit - (a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly); 'sailing is her favorite pastime'; 'his main pastime is gambling'; 'he counts reading among his interests'; 'they criticized the boy for his limited pursuits')
Super-classes	Role^c Topic^c
Restrictions	isAnInterestOf^op some IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	MatterForConsideration^c

TopicType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopicType`
Description	TopicType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on fields of knowledge, whether formal or informal. This type allows assertions about a whole field, as in the relation 'isKnowledgeableAbout'.
Super-classes	ObjectType^c AgreementType^c
Sub-classes	ActionType^c
In range of	teaches^op
Members	Zoo NaturalScience Audiology FieldOfStudy Poetry Biology Theology Orthopedics TopicOfInterest CodeOfEthics RoastingAction Griddling Forestry Finance Sociology NaiveRealism Parity CommonLaw Movie Geology Trigonometry Electronics MultipleDisciplines Kinesiology TheArtOfPainting Herstory EighthNote Counterpoint Chemistry LiteraryStudy TheArtOfMusic SpittingImage Geography SubjectOfanImage Urology Pastime Orthodontia Myth Book-Physical StateOfUncertainty Inequality HighTechnology Electromagnetism Medicine Economics Anthropology Topography PhilosophicalTheory Egalitarianism Meteorology Drawing-Depicting Animism FinancialThing MusicalNote ParticlePhysics Immunology Neurology MolecularBiology Acoustics Music Astrophysics Ophthalmology Book-Abstract Architecture Botany Psychiatry Philology Sociolinguistics MedicalScience AccountingSystem MusicalHarmony Phonology PeriodicalTopic ReligiousDoctrine Cryptography Irradiating Physics Algebra Theme Sailing Dentistry Robotics Astronomy NewspaperTopic ArtificialIntelligence NaturalHistory Dermatology Matching Depicting AlternativeMedicine Nanotechnology Podiatry ActivityTopic InformationScience Art Demography ComputerScience Obstetrics Credo ProcessingSomething Relativism LifeScience Genetics Crime Library-Organization Statistics Semantics Optics TheArtOfCeramics CommunicationsTopic BakingFood Pluralism GrammarOfNaturalLanguage Topic Microbiology Embryology Law Cosmology Politics Bacteriology CookingFood NutritionScience Morphology Pathology Multiculturalism Physiology Equivalence OrchestraMusic Mechanics Database Geometry Resemblance Tenet Neuroscience DevelopingFilm SteamingFood Banking Dynamics Endocrinology MusicalBeat History Archaeology ExposingToLight Poetics Logic EarthScience PublicIssue Calculus Disparity Keynote Humanitarianism LinguisticMorphology Otology Zoology Fishing Ecology Jurisprudence Chiropractic Recycling Anatomy Stewing Topology Gynecology Mathematics Sauteing Rhyme CookingMeat Semiotics InternalMedicine Libertarianism Neurobiology BioTechnology Biochemistry GovernmentProgram PhilosophicalSchool Classicism RomanceMovie Humanities Psychology Linguistics Hobby Frying Equality Teachings Mystery Pediatrics Tattooing Phonetics Cardiology Geopolitics FieldOfExpertise TradeBook Federation YinAndYang SocialScience Science MusicalChord Alikeness Arithmetic BiographicalTopic DomainOfKnowledge LibraryScience Similarity Rhetoric Ethnography Issue BestSeller Engineering Gastroenterology

Topical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Topical

Description

''Topical'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' used to describe ''TopicalSkinApplication'' substances that are applied to the Skin to achieve theirintended purpose

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'topical' in Wordnet:
             1. (2) topical - (pertaining to the surface of a body part; 
                'a drug for topical (or local) application'; 'a topical anesthesia')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TopicalSkinApplication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopicalSkinApplication`
Description	A ''TopicalSkinApplication'' is any ProductSubstance sold and intended to be used by applying to the ''Skin'' (usually of a Person but possibly of other mammals), for any purpose, such as to relieve pain or itch, promote healing of wounds, prevent infection or mosquito bites, block sunlight, an an antiseptic, or any other purpose. These can be Liquid, Semisolid, or powdered. `Note that natural substances, when removed from their natural setting and sold for human purposes, are then 'ProductSubstances'.`
Super-classes	ConsumableProduct^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ApplyingStuffToTheSkin^c
Sub-classes	Deodorant^c Antiseptic^c MedicinalOintment^c

TopicallyAppliedSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopicallyAppliedSubstance`
Description	This collection is intended to include substances that are used for medicinal purposes as well as those used for hygienic ones. It only includes substances that are applied on the body's surface, and not those which are ingested, worn, or implanted.
Super-classes	FunctionalSubstance^c CoatingMaterial^c BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c

Topless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Topless`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'topless' in Wordnet: 2. bare-breasted, braless, topless - (having the breasts uncovered or featuring such nudity; 'topless waitresses'; 'a topless cabaret')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Naked^c

ToplessPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToplessPerson`
Description	no articles of clothing are worn on the upper torso
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Topless^c

TopographicalConfiguration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopographicalConfiguration`
Description	''TopographicalConfiguration'' is the sense of 'topography' that represents the shape and relations of ground features of some region on Earth or another planet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'topography' in WordNet: 1. (3) topography - (the configuration of a surface and the relations among its man-made and natural features)`
Super-classes	Configuration^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value EarthSurfaceObject^c hasPhysicalPart^op value TopographicalFeature^c

TopographicalFeature^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopographicalFeature`
Description	A TopographicalFeature is a kind of Place, and is ambiguous as to whether it is a region of space on the surface of a planet, or a physical object (e.g. an ocean) that characterizes some region of space on the surface of a planet. Both types may be subtypes of this category. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. Each instance of #$TopographicalFeature is a three-dimensional feature of a planet's surface, typically with boundaries defined by formations of rock, dirt, water, etc., or by significant changes in elevation. Some important specializations of #$TopographicalFeature include #$Mountain, #$MountainRange, #$Peninsula, #$Harbor, #$Shoreline, and #$Arroyo. Note that collections of regions defined by the presence of human artifacts (e.g. #$CitySkyline) or ecological characteristics (e.g. #$Forest) are _not_ specializations of #$TopographicalFeature. Instances of #$TopographicalFeature include #$KyushuIsland-Japan, #$SaintThomas-Island, #$LakeErie, #$VictoriaFalls, and #$MalayPeninsula.
Super-classes	Place^c
Sub-classes	BodyOfWater^c LandTopographicalFeature-Generic^c LandArea^c MineralVein^c

Topography^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Topography`
Description	''Topography'' is a branch of ''Geography'' that deals with the surface features of Earth land areas. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'topography' in WordNet: 2. topography - (precise detailed study of the surface features of a region)`
Super-classes	Geography^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfStudy^op value TopographicalConfiguration^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c

Topology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Topology`
Description	''Topology'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that concerns itself with (among other things) the way Objects are internally connected and how they can change shape without losing such connections. 'A topologist is someone who can't tell the difference between a donut and a coffee cup'. ;-) In CYC an insance of 'ScientificFieldOfStudy': This is the study of the notion of continuity in the most abstract sense. Topological spaces are sets imbued with a class of subsets which, intuitively, tells one which elements (points) are near which other elements. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'topology' in WordNet: 3. topology, analysis situs - (the branch of pure mathematics that deals only with the properties of a figure X that hold for every figure into which X can be transformed with a one-to-one correspondence that is continuous in both directions)
Super-classes	Methodology^c FieldOfStudy^c
Restrictions	isaBranchOf^op value Mathematics^c hasTopic^op value Object^c

Topping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Topping`
Description	A ''FoodGarnish'' that is added on top of ''FoodObject''s to enhance taste. `some ''Topping''s such as ''WhippedCream'' could be eaten by themselves on occasion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'topping' in Wordnet: 1. topping - (a flavorful addition on top of a dish)`
Super-classes	FoodGarnish^c
Restrictions	isOnTopOf^op value FoodObject^c
Sub-classes	WhippedCream^c Frosting^c

Toppled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toppled`
Description	''Toppled'' is an AttributeValue of a SolidObject that is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'', with a long dimension that is normally ''Vertical'' but has been turned so that it now has a ''Horizontal'' orientation.
Super-classes	Horizontal^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value TopAndBottomSidedObject^c

TopplingEvent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopplingEvent

Description

Each 'TopplingEvent' is a 'FallingEvent' in which an object having some support on a solid surface leans (or is moved, or placed) so that its center of gravity is not above the supported base, and it consequently falls over to a more stable position. This includes the 'falling down' of people and other animals but does not include the inversion of position of an unstable floating object.

      This is *not* the action of *causing* a Toppling event @ToDo: should be included?)

      NOTE in CYC this seems to be called 'FallingDown' - but is not in the OWL version.

      Includes verb sense 1 of 'topple' and sense 1 of 'fall down' and
        noun sense 2 of 'fall' and verb sense 23 of 'fall' in WordNet:
        1. (4) tumble, topple - (fall down, as if collapsing; 
           'The tower of the World Trade Center tumbled after the plane hit it')
       WN noun 'fall':
         2. (4) spill, tumble, fall - (a sudden drop from an upright position;
              'he had a nasty spill on the ice')
       WN verb 'fall down':
         1. fall, fall down - (lose an upright position suddenly; 'The vase fell over
             and the water spilled onto the table'; 'Her hair fell across her forehead')
       WN verb 'fall':
         23. fall, fall down - (lose an upright position suddenly; 'The vase fell over and 
             the water spilled onto the table'; 'Her hair fell across her forehead')

Super-classes FallingEvent^c

Tormenting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tormenting`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'torment' in WordNet: 2. torment, rag, bedevil, crucify, dun, frustrate - (treat cruelly; 'The children tormented the stuttering teacher')`
Super-classes	Harassment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c
Sub-classes	Oppressing^c

Torn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Torn

Description

''Torn'' is the attribute of some Object that experienced a ''TearingSomething'' and therfore has some part that was separated by pulling, having edges to the separated parts that are ragged rather than smooth as is cause by 'cutting'.

        Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'torn' in WordNet:
          1. (5) lacerate, lacerated, mangled, torn - (having edges that are jagged from injury)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Tornado^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tornado

Description

A ''Tornado'' is a ''Cyclone'' with very strong winds and a funnel-shaped cloud.

      See TornadoasEvent and TornadoAsObject - this type may be 
         superfluous.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tornado' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) tornado, twister - (a localized and violently destructive windstorm 
          occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground)

Super-classes Cyclone^c

TornadoAsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TornadoAsEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$NaturalHazard and #$ImmediateWeatherProcess. Each instance of #$TornadoAsEvent is the event in which a tornado moves through space. See also #$TornadoAsObject for the collection of tornado objects. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tornado' in WordNet: 1. (1) tornado, twister - (a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground)`
Super-classes	Wind^c DangerousSituation^c ImmediateWeatherProcess^c
Restrictions	produces^op value TornadoAsObject^c

TornadoAsObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TornadoAsObject`
Description	A specialization of #$CycloneAsObject. Each instance of #$TornadoAsObject is a tornado object (i.e., a swirling high-speed weather object). See also #$TornadoAsEvent, for the collection of events in which a tornado object cuts a path through space and time.
Super-classes	DynamicObject^c DangerousTangibleThing^c

Toroidal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toroidal

Description

'Toroidal' is a subtype of 'LoopShaped' that is the property of a three-dimensional object that is longer than it is wide, and forms a closed loop that is approximately circular; but this is not a subtype of 'Circular' because it is three-dimensonal whereas 'Circular' applies to two-dimensional objects. This is the shape of a donut or the inner tube of a automobie tire.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'toroidal' in Wordnet:
            1. toroidal - (of or relating to or shaped like a toroid; doughnut shaped)

Super-classes LoopShaped^c

Torpedo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Torpedo`
Description	CYC: The collection of self-propelled #$ProjectileWeapons that are fired from #$ModernNavalShips. #$Torpedos are usually propelled by #$WaterPropellers, but are sometimes #$RocketPropelledTransportationDevices. `We specify that they are usually used by submarines, though they can also be fired from aircraft or PT boats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torpedo' in Wordnet: 6. torpedo - (armament consisting of a long cylindrical self-propelled underwater projectile that detonates on contact with a target)`
Super-classes	SelfPoweredDevice^c ProjectileWeapon^c MilitaryWeapon^c ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice^c LongAndThinThing^c CylindricalObject^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 800.0^c isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Submarine-Military^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 100.0^c isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation^op value UnderWater^c

Torpid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Torpid`
Description	''Torpid'' is an AttributeValue of people or their actions that attributes a slower than normal rate or degree of activity, especially in movement or in accomplishing tasks. `'soggy' is not for people 'soggy novel' (spiritless) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'torpid' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inert, sluggish, soggy, torpid - (slow and apathetic; 'she was fat and inert'; 'a sluggish worker'; 'a mind grown torpid in old age') WN adj 'unenergetic': 1. slowgoing, unenergetic - (not inclined to be enterprising)`
Super-classes	Slow^c
Sub-classes	Lethargic^c

Torque^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Torque`
Description	''Torque'' is the Force that is created when a ''Force'' is applied to some point on a RigidObject that is perpendicular to its axis and at a distance from its center of rotation, thereby inducing the object to rotate if it is free to do so, and if the whole object is constrained at some point on its axis of rotation so that it does not move in a translational manner. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torque' in WordNet: 1. torsion, torque - (a twisting force)`
Super-classes	Force^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Rotating^c

TorqueWrench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TorqueWrench`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torque wrench' in WordNet: 1. torque wrench - (a wrench that has a gauge that indicates the amount of torque being applied)`
Super-classes	Wrench^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value ApplyingATorque^c

Torso^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Torso

Description

A specialization of #$Trunk-BodyCore. Each instance of #$Torso is a human body's trunk, i.e., the main portion of a human's body, to which typically are connected a head and various appendages (see #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart).

        SUMO: The body of a Primate excluding its Limbs.

        NOTE that Wordnet does not distinguish 'torso' from the more specific 
           'trunk'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torso and sense 3 of 'trunk' in WordNet:
         3. torso, trunk, body - (the body excluding the head and neck and limbs;
           'they moved their arms and legs and bodies')

Super-classes AnimalBodyPart^c
Trunk-BodyCore^c

Tort^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tort`
Description	''Tort'' is a legal term `lawsuit, suit, case, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tort' in WordNet: 1. tort, civil wrong - ((law) any wrongdoing for which an action for damages may be brought)`
Super-classes	Wrongdoing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value LegalAgent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Actionable^c mayCause^op value HarmingAnAgent^c mayCause^op value CivilSuit^c

Tortilla^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tortilla`
Description	`RHW: Mexican Cookery: a thin, round, unleavened bread prepared from cornmeal or sometimes wheat flour, baked on a flat plate of iron, earthenware, or the like. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tortilla' in WordNet: 1. tortilla - (thin unleavened pancake made from cornmeal or wheat flour)`
Super-classes	Pancake^c BreadObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unleavened^c isPreparedFromSubstance^op value Flour^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c

Tortoise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tortoise`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tortoise' in WordNet: 1. tortoise - (usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica)`
Super-classes	TerrestrialOrganism^c Turtle^c

Torus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Torus`
Description	COSMO note: when 'Torus' is used to specify a shape, it is only approximate: a rubber 'Tire' is shaped like a 'Torus' in COSMO, even though it is far from the mathematical ideal. CYC: A specialization of both #$RoundObject and #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (qq.v.). This is the collection of all tori, or donut-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. More precisely, each instance of #$Torus is a three-dimensional object generated by the revolution of an ellipse (especially a circle) about any line in its plane and external to it. Cf. #$RingShapedObject. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'torus' in WordNet: 1. torus, toroid - (a ring-shaped surface generated by rotating a circle around an axis that does not intersect the circle)
Super-classes	ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Toroidal^c

Tossing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tossing`
Description	Each ''Tossing'' is a ''Throwing'' event in which a Person gently throws a SolidObject that is not heavy, using one hand. This is in distinction from vigorous throwing, as in pitching a baseball in a professional game, or throwing something (e.g. a spear,a rock) with the intention to do damage. The objective in ''Tossing' is for another agent (usually a Person, but could be a Dog or a recepticle) to catch the object. For a similar throwing to something other than a Person, or to nothing in particular use ''Chucking''. This is usually an attempted transfer of an object, but the object tossed may not end in the intended place. When that happens, the pair of relations ''hasIntendedDestination''and ''hasEndingPlace'' will have different objects, indicating a failed attempt. In ordinary usage, a vigorous throw might be called a 'toss' but in this technical usage, a 'toss' is more specific. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'toss' in WordNet: 1. (13) flip, toss, sky, pitch - (throw or toss with a light motion; 'flip me the beachball'; 'toss me newspaper')
Super-classes	DirectedTranslation^c Throwing^c
Restrictions	usedBodyPart^op value Hand^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gentle^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c hasObjectMoved^op value SmallObject^c
Sub-classes	FlippingaCoin^c

Total^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Total

Description

A 'Total' is a WholeThing that was created as an aggregate of smaller things. For the total of some group of numbers, use 'Sum'.

 Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'total' and 'aggregate'
  noun sense 2 in WordNet:
    1. (13) sum, total, totality, aggregate - (the whole amount)

Super-classes WholeThing^c

TotalTimeDuration^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TotalTimeDuration

Description

A 'TotalTimeDuration' is a 'TimeDuration' that may be the sum of multiple shorter TimeDurations, to measure the total time for some Event that may be discontinuous.

  This can be used to represent, among other things, the total time it
    takes to perform some action or series of actions, or the time
    it takes for some recorded action to play; for example, the
    total playing time for a movie or music recording, regardless of
    whether some actual playing of that recording is done continuously or
    in interrupted manner.

Super-classes TimeDuration^c

TotalingUpto^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TotalingUpto`
Description	''TotalingUpto'' is the state of some Group of ''Quantity''s (dimensionless numbers or having some dimension) that have been added to get a 'total'. `NOTE: the terms 'add up', 'come', and 'amount' take the preposition 'to' to specify the total that is part of the meaning. This in effect a 'transitive' verb concept, and those terms should be interpreted as though the 'to' are part of the verb. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'total' in WordNet: 1. (16) total, number, add up, come, amount - (add up in number or quantity; 'The bills amounted to $2,000'; 'The bill came to $2,000')`
Super-classes	BeingFinite^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some Quantity^c
Sub-classes	Outnumbering^c

Totalitarian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Totalitarian

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'totalitarian' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) totalitarian - (characterized by a government in which
          the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control; 
          'a totalitarian regime crushes all autonomous institutions in its drive 
          to seize the human soul'- Arthur M.Schlesinger, Jr.)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TotalitarianIdeology^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TotalitarianIdeology

Description

''Totalitarianism'' is a ''PoliticalIdeology'' that holds that the head of state should have complete authority over government actions.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'totalitarianism' in WordNet:
            2. absolutism, totalitarianism, totalism - 
               (the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government)

Super-classes PoliticalIdeology^c

Totalitarianism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Totalitarianism`
Description	An ''Autocracy'' is a 'FormOfGovernment' in which there Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'totalitarianism' in WordNet: 1. dictatorship, absolutism, authoritarianism, Caesarism, despotism, monocracy, one-man rule, shogunate, Stalinism, totalitarianism, tyranny - (a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.))
Super-classes	Autocracy^c

ToteBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToteBag`
Description	A ''ToteBag' is usually made of cloth, but not necessarily - it could be of plastic or a sturdy (''Tough'') paper; used for toting (''Lugging'') objects by hand. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tote bag' in WordNet: 1. carryall, holdall, tote, tote bag - (a capacious bag or basket)`
Super-classes	Bag^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tough^c hasDesignFunction^op value Lugging^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Capacious^c isUsedInAction^op value Lugging^c

Tottering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tottering

Description

This is a form of swaying for inanimate objects "Swaying"

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'totter' in WordNet:

Super-classes Swaying^c

Toucan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toucan`
Description	WN category. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toucan' in WordNet: 1. toucan - (brilliantly colored arboreal fruit-eating bird of tropical America having a very large thin-walled beak)`
Super-classes	PiciformBird^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BrilliantlyColored^c

TouchAbility^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchAbility

Description

'TouchAbility' is an AttributeType of animals or artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect touch, whether simple pressure, or surface texture patterns on objects. This represents the 'sense of touch' generally.

   For the sensation of something touching the body, use ''TouchSensation''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'touch' in WordNet:
        2. (4) touch, sense of touch, skin senses, touch modality, cutaneous senses - 
          (the faculty by which external objects or forces are perceived through
          contact with the body (especially the hands);
          'only sight and touch enable us to locate objects in the space around us')

Super-classes SensoryAttributeType^c

TouchAcuity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchAcuity`
Description	Each 'TouchAcuity' is an AttributeValue of animals, or artificial sensors that specifies how sensitive a general sense of touch is (sensitivity to pressure), or what particular surface textures can be discriminated.
Super-classes	SensoryAbility^c AttributeValue^c

TouchSensation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchSensation`
Description	A ''TouchSensation'' is a ''SkinSensation'' that informs the animal that some Object (usually a SolidObject) is applying pressure to the surface of the skin. A ''TouchSensation'' is a ''Perceiving'' which may be involuntary or voluntary (''TouchingDeliberately''). `For the 'sense of touch' (he aility to perceive by touc) see ''TouchAbility'' Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'touch' in WordNet: 10. touch, touch sensation, tactual sensation, tactile sensation, feeling - (the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin; 'she likes the touch of silk on her skin'; 'the surface had a greasy feeling')`
Super-classes	SkinSensation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tactile^c

TouchSensitive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchSensitive`
Description	''TouchSensitive'' is the attribute of objects that react in some characteristic way when physically touched. This can beapplied to certain plants that move, e.g. by curling up, when touched, but is mostly used for ''TouchSensitiveDisplay''s.
Super-classes	Sensitive^c

TouchSensitiveDisplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchSensitiveDisplay`
Description	A ''TouchSensitiveDisplay'' is a ''DisplayScreen'' in which the image can be affected by touching the ''DisplayScreen'' with the finger(s) or some similar-shaped object(s), so as to change the size or position of the image or to move it or activate programs represented by icons on the screen. These screens allow one to use fingers to perform someof the same fuctions performed by a 'mouse device' on Computers without such screens, but also allow changing the size of the image with two fingers,unlike a mouse function. This functionality is especially convenient in small hand-held devices but is also used in some large blackboard-sized.
Super-classes	DisplayScreen^c
Restrictions	displaysInformation^op value VideoDisplay^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value VideoDisplayDevice^c

Touchdown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Touchdown`
Description	A ''Touchdown'' is a subtype of ''SixPoints'' gained by scoring a ''Touchdown'' in AmericanFootball. `Note that the instances of this type would be the result of specific scoring events in some specific Football game.. No synset in WN for the score - just for the action.(?)`
Super-classes	SixPoints^c
Restrictions	hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 6^c

Touched-Feeling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Touched-Feeling

Description

The feeling of being emotionally touched. Something that is stirring, touching or moving.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'touched' in Wordnet:
          2. moved, affected, stirred, touched -
             (being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion; 
             'too moved to speak'; 'very touched by the stranger's kindness')

Super-classes Feeling^c

Touching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Touching`
Description	SUMO: Any Transfer where two Objects are brought into immediate physical contact with one another. The COSMO interpretation differs from that in Cyc. NOTE that this type represents the event of making contact; the PersistentState of being in contact for some interval of time is represented as 'ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation', and it subtype 'TouchingState'. Altough this type of motion does not have to result in a persistent state of contact, it should be relatively gentle so that no damage is done to the touched object. If the contact velocity is high enough to cause some potential damage or an elastic rebound, it would be an instance of 'StrikingAnObjectEvent'. NOTE: 'touch' verb sense 2 is represented in several places in COSMO: @ToDo: needs rework and distinctions. NOTE: as of rev1001 this was changed to a 'PurposefulAction' - but needs intended effect? COSMO note: although this is a subtype of 'CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion', it is interpreted in COSMO as including events where an animal puts a limb or feeler out to touch something - the 'other object' in this case is a part of the animal's body. This is distinguishable from an animal causing its own (whole body) translation by locomotion. NOTE that sexual Mating is a subtype of 'Touching'. COSMO note: the cyc 'TouchingEvent' is interpreted as the static state resulting from a 'Touching', which is interpreted in the SUMO sense of 'bringing into contact', an animal activity. in COSMO any event that involves contact that lasts for more than a brief instant is a 'Touching' even if the touching state is not more than half the total time of the event. Thus a clapping is a 'Touching', and a greeting that involves handshaking is a Touching. A collision and rebound would not be a Touching. Cyc: (TouchingEvent) One object spatially and temporally in contact with another. A 'Knocking' with the knuckles is a borderline case of 'Touching', even though the contact is brief, it is intentional. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 8 of 'touch' in WordNet. Sense 5 is represented as 'TouchingState': in WordNet: 1. (33) touch - (make physical contact with, come in contact with; 'Touch the stone for good luck'; 'She never touched her husband') 2. (5) touch - (perceive via the tactile sense; 'Helen Keller felt the physical world by touching people and objects around her') 8. (2) touch - (cause to be in brief contact with; 'He touched his toes to the horse's flanks')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c AnimalActivity^c PhysicalContactMakingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Motion^c hadObjectTouched^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	OralSex^c TouchingDeliberately^c SpreadingOverAnObject^c Saluting^c HandlingAnObject^c SexualCopulation^c Kneeling^c HoldingOnToAnObject^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatAndDianeTouchingEachOther1986

TouchingAnotherPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchingAnotherPerson`
Description	An Event in which one person intentionally touches the body of another person with some part of the first person's body. This is touching even if the flesh of one or both are covered; touching the clothing of another Person in a way that can be felt by the other Person is also an instance. `The touching does not have to be done with the hand. In the act of 'Kissing' for example, the touching is done with the lips. Includes verb senses 2, and 8 of 'touch' in WordNet: 2. (5) touch - (perceive via the tactile sense; 'Helen Keller felt the physical world by touching people and objects around her') 8. (2) touch - (cause to be in brief contact with; 'He touched his toes to the horse's flanks')`
Super-classes	TouchingDeliberately^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tactile^c hadObjectTouched^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	Massaging^c PunchingSomeone^c KissingaPerson^c Tickling^c

TouchingDeliberately^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchingDeliberately`
Description	An Event in which an Animal (usually a person) touches something else intentionally. The touching can be done by any part of the first person's body that can be intentionally moved. NOTE that in a 'TouchingDeliberately' the Agent is a person, and the thing touched (object of 'hadObjectTouched' relation) can be inanimate or animate. NOTE that although a 'TouchingDeliberately' may initiate a 'FeelingWithTheHand', these are distinct concepts in COSMO. Includes verb senses 2, and 8 of 'touch' in WordNet: 2. (5) touch - (perceive via the tactile sense; 'Helen Keller felt the physical world by touching people and objects around her') 8. (2) touch - (cause to be in brief contact with; 'He touched his toes to the horse's flanks')
Super-classes	Touching^c Perceiving-Voluntary^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tactile^c
Sub-classes	Poking^c Patting^c TouchingAnotherPerson^c PettingAnAnimal^c FingeringSomething^c FeelingWithTheHand^c Licking^c KnockingOnaSurface^c Pecking^c Kissing^c

TouchingGentle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchingGentle

Description

''TouchingGentle'' is an AttributeValue of an Action in which one Object comes in contact with another at a slow speed so as to cause little force on impact.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'gentle' in Wordnet:
       6. easy, gentle, soft - (having little impact; 'an easy pat on the shoulder'; 
         'gentle rain'; 'a gentle breeze'; 'a soft (or light) tapping at the window')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

TouchingState^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchingState`
Description	A PersistentState in which two objects are in contact with each other, which suggests some force between them. The TouchingState may be brief or last a long time, but continues only so long as there is physical contact. For the Action of an animal in which it touches an object, use 'Touching'. NOTE that the restriction ''hadObjectTouched'' can be used to specify one or both of the objects that were in contact. This type is the state, so it is not clear whether any or both of the objects in contact moved into the ''TouchingState'' (e.g. by being the agent of a ''Touching''). Cyc: ('') One object spatially and temporally in contact with another. Approximately corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'touch' in WordNet; in WordNet: 5. (3) touch, adjoin, meet, contact - (be in direct physical contact with; make contact; 'The two buildings touch'; 'Their hands touched'; 'The wire must not contact the metal cover'; 'The surfaces contact at this point')
Super-classes	PhysicalContactSituation^c ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation^c
Restrictions	hadObjectTouched^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	ShortCircuit^c Abutting^c HoldingAnObject^c WearingSomething^c

TouchyFeely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouchyFeely`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'touchy-feely' in Wordnet: 1. touchy-feely - ((often derogatory) openly expressing love and affection (especially through physical contact))`
Super-classes	Sociable^c

Tough^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tough`
Description	''Tough'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is not easily broken, nor worn down, nor easily pulled apart. This is a physical attribute of ''SolidObject''s, and not of people or animals that can withstand hardship. This Attribute also includes 'durable' to emphasize the resistance to wearing away under normal conditions (use or exposure to weather) Meat that is not tender can be classified as ''Tough''. WN Sense 1 of 'durable' seems to focus on relations or events, rather that physical durability,so WN 'long-lasting' does not seem to apply here. Sense 3 is physical durability but seems to appy mostly to mineral formation, still it is the closest to this meaning. Includes adjective sense 4 of 'tough' and sense 3 of 'durable' in WordNet: 4. (2) sturdy, tough - (substantially made or constructed; 'sturdy steel shelves'; 'sturdy canvas'; "a tough all-weather fabric"; "some plastics are as tough as metal") WN adj 'durable' (part only): 3. durable, indestructible, perdurable, undestroyable - (very long lasting; 'less durable rocks were gradually worn away to form valleys'; 'the perdurable granite of the ancient Appalachian spine of the continent')
Super-classes	Strong^c Durable^c
Sub-classes	Incalculable^c Unbreakable^c Indestructible^c Heavy-Duty^c

ToughToEat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToughToEat

Description

''ToughToEat'' is an AttributeValue of a ''SolidObject''s such as a ''FoodObject'' that do not readily yield and come apart when chewed or cut. this attribute is Commonly associated with Meat objects or leather-like sheets.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 7 of 'tough' in Wordnet:
        7. tough - (resistant to cutting or chewing)

Super-classes Strong^c

Toughness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toughness

Description

CYC: Describes how well a material can withstand impact forces.

      NOTE: this CYC attribute seems to be the same as WN 'toughness' -  it may be
         distinguished if some physically measurable property can be associated
         with the attribute.  Is this the 'temper' of 'tempered steel'? Any suggestions?
       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'toughness' in WordNet:
         3. temper, toughness - (the elasticity and hardness of a metal object;
           its ability to absorb considerable energy before cracking)

Super-classes PhysicalAttribute^c

Tour^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tour`
Description	Any 'Travel-TripEvent' that includes a visit to two or more places that are related, as being in the same country, or represent some type of area, such as the capital cities of Europe. This travelling can be done with or without a guide. This does not include a 'tour' of some one facility. This sense is a subtype of 'SightSeeing' and is more specialized in eithr (1) being a visit to more than one place or (2) reqiring an overnight stay. Also, SightSeeing can be local and not require traveling any significant distance. But unless a 'Tour' involves being in more than one city, it is difficult to distinguish it from 'SightSeeing'. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'tour' in RHW: 1. a traveling around from place to place. 2. a long journey including the visiting of a number of places in sequence, esp. with an organized group led by a guide. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'tour' in WordNet: 1. (3) tour, circuit - (a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area; 'they took an extended tour of Europe'; 'we took a quick circuit of the park'; 'a ten-day coach circuit of the island') WN verb 'tour': 1. (3) tour - (make a tour of a certain place; 'We toured the Provence this summer')
Super-classes	SightSeeing^c
Sub-classes	TouringARegion^c

TourGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TourGroup`
Description	A ''TourGroup'' is a ''Group'' of ''Tourist''s. This is typically organized by a Tour company, but that is not yet (Rev1355) represented. More detail can be added.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some Tour^c hasComponentElement^op only Tourist^c

TourGuide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TourGuide

Description

A ''TourGuide'' is a ''Guide'' paid to conduct a Person or ''TourGroup'' around some location, usually a ''TouristAttraction.

      CYC: A person who guides travel tour.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tour guide' in WordNet:
            1. tour guide - (a guide who leads others on a tour)

Super-classes PersonWithOccupation^c
Guide^c

TouringACity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouringACity`
Description	CYC: The collection of all instances of #$SightSeeing which consist of comprehensive tours of cities, usually, but not always, conducted by a guide. Instances are to be distinguished by the fact that they are systematic, endeavoring to cover most of the historically salient features of some nontrivial part of the area toured. Instances may be performed by individual tourists or by groups of the same. See #$CityTourFn.
Super-classes	InformationGathering^c SightSeeing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPerceived^op some CityObject^c occursAt^op some City^c

TouringARegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouringARegion`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which an instance of #$Tourist or (#$GroupFn #$Tourist) travel about a site, sometimes but not always in the presence of a #$TourGuide, learning certain salient features concerning the place's history.
Super-classes	Tour^c

TouringaFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouringaFacility`
Description	'TouringaFacility' is an Action in which some observer(s) looks at some facility (which could be one or more buildings, as well as grounds, such as a University campus), whether for recreation or for business purposes. `In CYC called 'TouringABuilding' CYC: The specialization of #$SightSeeing which consists of comprehensive tours of buildings, usually, but not always, conducted in the presence of a guide. Instances are to be distinguished by the fact that they are systematic, endeavoring to cover all of the historically salient features of the construction toured. Instances may be performed by individual tourists or by groups of the same. See #$BuildingTourFn`
Super-classes	Observing^c InformationGathering^c
Restrictions	hadObjectPerceived^op some Facility-Generic^c occursAt^op some Facility-Generic^c

Tourist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tourist`
Description	A ''Tourist'' is a Person who visits a location (e.g., city) and goes sight seeing, shopping for souvenirs, visit the tourist attractions, ride the camels, etc. This includes those who tour on their own as well as those who pay a tour company to make the arrangements. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tourist' in WordNet: 1. (3) tourist, tourer, holidaymaker - (someone who travels for pleasure)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Traveler^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some Tour^c

TouristAttraction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouristAttraction`
Description	Any site or object that draws tourists. E.g., a historic landmark, a site of remarkable scenic beauty; famous architecture; a museum containing famous art; a zoo or AmusementPark; a home of, or monument to, a famous person; ...
Super-classes	Attraction^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	AmusementPark^c

TouristBusiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TouristBusiness`
Description	''TouristBusiness' is a branch of ''BusinessAsAnActivity'' in which a commercial Organization provides the service of arranging travel and accommodations for people who wish to visit some location for recreational or educational purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tourism' in WordNet: 1. tourism, touristry - (the business of providing services to tourists; 'Tourism is a major business in Bermuda')`
Super-classes	BusinessAsAnActivity^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Tour^c hadBeneficiary^op value Tourist^c hasSubEvent^op value Tour^c

Tournament^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tournament`
Description	A Series of Sports Competitions, often Games, at the end of which one Competitor (Person or Team) either wins and becomes the Champion.or (if the final was for one 'Division' of a Group of competitors) becomes eligible to enter the final round of games (usually between two teams) that determines the final championship. .When a final round of games are played after the major set of games, the time during which that final round is played is refered to as the ''PostSeason''. This ''Tournament'' represents any series of competitions that may or may not eliminate competitors at the sequential stages, whether or not they are called a 'tournament'. A ''Tournament'' that eliminates comptetitors at sequential 'RoundOfaCompetition''s is repreenteda as the subtype ''EliminationTournament''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tournament' in WordNet: 1. (6) tournament, tourney - (a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner)`
Super-classes	Series^c ActionGroup^c SportsCompetition^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Competition^c produced^op some Champion^c
Sub-classes	EliminationTournament^c

TournamentRound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TournamentRound`
Description	A ''TournamentRound''is a subevent (and a component element) of an ''EliminationTournament''which is scheduled in rounds such that the completed tournament has a fixed number of rounds before a winner can be determined. the last two rounds are called the ''SemifinalRond'' and 'FinalRound''. In each ''TournamentRound'' except the final there are two or more games (contests) between competitors. The ''FinalRond'' only has two competitors and the winner of that rond is the winner of the Tournament. RHW has the most relevant definition of the sense of 'round' here: 25. a completed course or spell of activity, commonly one of a series, in some play or sport: the second round of a tournament. NOTE: this WN sense of 'round' is also used in a different sense for ''Turn'' when one player 'takes a turn' in a game in which the players take turns. The proper interpretation of the WN entry is not clear. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 7 of 'round' in WordNet (the team need not be 'on the offensive' - unclear why this is part of the gloss, but leave out label 'turn' here and add that elsewhere ): in WordNet: 7. turn, bout, round - ((sports) a period of play during which one team is on the offensive)
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c SportsCompetition^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value EliminationTournament^c isaComponentElementOf^op some EliminationTournament^c
Sub-classes	FirstTournamentRound^c SemifinalTournamentRound^c FinalTournamentRound^c

Tourniquet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tourniquet`
Description	NOTE: a ''Tourniquet'' prevents both types of ''BloodFlow'', both circulation and ''Bleeding''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tourniquet' in WordNet: 1. compression bandage, tourniquet - (bandage that stops the flow of blood from an artery by applying pressure)`
Super-classes	Bandage^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	prevents^op value BloodFlow^c canBeUsedInAction^op value ApplyingAPressure^c

TowedWeapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TowedWeapon`
Description	CYC: The collection of all military weapons which are towed behind vehicles rather than being mounted or self-propelled.
Super-classes	PoweredDevice^c MechanicalDevice^c MilitaryWeapon^c
Sub-classes	Artillery-Towed^c

Towel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Towel`
Description	CYC: The collection of sheets of cloth or paper manufactured and used primarily to dry objects. `SUMO: A piece of Fabric which is used for Drying. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'towel' in Wordnet: 1. (6) towel - (a rectangular piece of absorbent cloth (or paper) for drying or wiping)`
Super-classes	FoldableObject^c Device-UserControlled^c SheetArtifact^c AbsorbentObject^c Device-UserPowered^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsResourceInAction^op value DryingByWiping^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value ClothOrPaper^c
Sub-classes	ClothTowel^c PaperTowel^c

Towelling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Towelling`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'towelling' in WordNet: 1. toweling, towelling - (any of various fabrics (linen or cotton) used to make towels)`
Super-classes	Fabric^c

Tower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tower`
Description	a tall and thin fixed stucture, that may be free-standing or the top part of a larger structure. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tower' in WordNet: 1. (4) tower - (a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building)`
Super-classes	FixedStructure^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c LongAndThinThing^c
Sub-classes	Steeple^c Pylon^c Pagoda^c Turret^c Windmill^c Skyscraper^c Lighthouse^c

Towering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Towering

Description

        toweringCorresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'towering' in Wordnet:
          1. eminent, lofty, soaring, towering - (of imposing height; especially standing out above others;
             'an eminent peak'; 'lofty mountains'; 'the soaring spires of the cathedral'; 
             'towering icebergs')

Super-classes High^c

Towing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Towing

Description

''Towing'' is a ''PullingEvent'' in which some self-powered Device pulls a connected (by hitch or rope) non-self-powered ''WheeledTransportationDevice'' such as a ''Trailer''. The Device towed may only be temporarily 'non-self-powered', as when a vehicle needs to be towed because of mechanical failure or other reasons.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'tow' in Wordnet:
           1. tow - (drag behind; 'Horses used to tow barges along the canal')
         WN noun 'tow':
           1. (1) tow, towage - (the act of hauling something (as a vehicle) by means of 
             a hitch or rope; 'the truck gave him a tow to the garage')

Super-classes PullingEvent^c

Town^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Town`
Description	In COSMO, the most general urban area is a 'Municipality' and 'City' and 'Town' are distinct subtypes of 'Municipality', depending on their size. `CYC A subcollection of #$City whose instances have populations larger than those of villages but smaller than those typically referred to as cities . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'town' in WordNet: 1. (337) town - (an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city; 'they drive through town on their way to work')`
Super-classes	Municipality^c
Sub-classes	Village^c

TownSquare^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TownSquare`
Description	Public open area located in a town, city, or other built-up area. It should have enough space for people to assemble, but may or may not have much greenery: Washington Square Park in NYC is an example. Small towns may have only one, but larger towns can have more than one such area. `Corresponds most closely to noun sense 3 of 'square' in WordNet: 3. (2) public square, square - (an open area at the meeting of two or more streets)`
Super-classes	PublicProperty^c Park^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some PopulatedPlace^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Level^c

Township^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Township`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'township' in WordNet: 1. township, town - (an administrative division of a county; 'the town is responsible for snow removal')`
Super-classes	AdministrativeDistrict^c Municipality^c
Restrictions	isaSpatialPartOf^op value County^c

Townsman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Townsman`
Description	This ''Townsman'' is generic for a Person who lives in some Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'townsman' in WordNet: 2. townsman, towner - (a resident of a town or city)
Super-classes	Resident^c
Restrictions	residesIn^op some (Municipality^c or PopulatedPlace^c or PopulatedCommunity^c or LocationType^c)

Townspeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Townspeople`
Description	`This is for the people living in any ''Municipality'', to make it consitent with ''Townsman''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'townspeople' in WordNet: 1. town, townspeople, townsfolk - (the people living in a municipality smaller than a city; 'the whole town cheered the team')`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Townsman^c

ToxicSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToxicSubstance`
Description	CYC: The collection of substances that are toxic or poisonous to humans or other animals. To cause any degree of malfunction is considered 'toxic', as with 'PsychoactiveAgent'. Subtypes 'Poison' and 'Toxin' are more specific.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Bromine^c Miticide^c CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance^c Herbicide^c Insecticide^c PsychoactiveAgent^c BotulinumToxin^c Mercury^c Ammonia^c Poison^c Hydroxylamine^c Arsenic^c Pesticide^c Cyanide^c Venom^c ChemicalIrritant^c Thallium^c Acetone^c

Toxicity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toxicity`
Description	''Toxicity'' is a state in which the subject entity has the quality ''Poisonous''.. NOTE: the WN gloss indicates that this should be a subtype of 'AttributeType'' having some form of 'toxicity measure' as its instances. That is an alternate representation that could be implemented when some 'toxicity measure' is represented - but that is not yet (rev1619) included in COSMO. OpenCYC has aclass 'ToxicitySlot' that seems to be some form of toxicity measure category, but there is insufficient detail to know ho that should be used. Ther may be such measures in OBO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toxicity' in WordNet: 1. toxicity - (the degree to which something is poisonous)
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasSubjectOfState^op value Poison^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Poisonous^c

Toxicologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toxicologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toxicologist' in WordNet: 1. toxicologist - (one who studies the nature and effects of poisons and their treatment)`
Super-classes	Scientist^c Biologist^c MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Toxicity^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Poison^c

Toxin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toxin`
Description	A BiologicalSubstance produced by an Organism that has some degree of toxic effect on other animals or plants. For COSMO, it does not have to have high molecular weight (e.g. tetrodotoxin [C11H17N3O3] is not a macromolecule). RHW: toxin n. any poison produced by an organism, characterized by antigenicity in certain animals and high molecular weight, and including the bacterial toxins that are the causative agents of tetanus, diphtheria, etc., and such plant and animal toxins as ricin and snake venom. Cf. antitoxin, endotoxin, exotoxin, phytotoxin, venom. Syn. See poison. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'toxin' in WordNet: 1. (1) toxin - (a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species)
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c OrganicSubstance^c Poison^c BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Poisonous^c isProducedNaturallyBy^op some OrganismType^c
Sub-classes	BotulinumToxin^c Venom^c

Toy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Toy`
Description	COSMO note: this is for ''SmallObject''s (can be held in two hands) that can be used for amusement, usually designed for use of a ''Child'' (for adults one would use the parent type ''Plaything'). This is not for metaphorical use of 'toy' as in describing a man's automobile as his 'toy'. `Cyc: An instance of #$ArtifactByGenericType and a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Toy is a #$PortableObject whose primary function [#$primaryFunction] is to be played with by, and provide amusement to, children or #$DomesticPets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toy' in WordNet: 1. (4) plaything, toy - (an artifact designed to be played with)`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c Collectible^c PortableObject^c Plaything^c
Restrictions	isCommonlyUsedBy^op value Child^c
Sub-classes	JumpingJack^c StuffedToy^c Doll^c ToyBalloon^c Kaleidoscope^c HulaHoop^c Rattle^c DollHouse^c WaterPistol^c YoYo^c

ToyBalloon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToyBalloon`
Description	A inflatable rubber bag used as toys.
Super-classes	Toy^c Bladder^c Balloon^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Rubber^c

ToyReplica^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ToyReplica`
Description	A 'ToyReplica' is a 'Model-Artifact' that is a closely similar 'Copy' of some original object, usually on a smaller scale. This differs from 'Model-Artifact' only in that is is intended for amusement rather than to serve some practical purpose. A model airplane or car would be an example. @ToDo: NOTE: not clear yet whether all such items shouild be classified as subtype of 'Toy' But this designation is to distinguish this type from a profesional working model of something intended to be manufactured, created as an aid in the design process. corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toy' and noun sense 4 of 'model' in WordNet: 2. toy - (a nonfunctional replica of something else (frequently used as a modifier); 'a toy stove') WN noun 'model': 4. (4) model, simulation - (representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale))
Super-classes	Copy^c Role^c Model-Artifact^c
Sub-classes	DollHouse^c MiniatureToy^c StuffedToy^c ModelAirplane^c

Trace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trace`
Description	A Trace is one or more Signs that relate to ordered states of some Event or FunctionalProcess. A sequence of footprints in the mud can be a Trace of the event of some animal walking on that ground; a sequence of abstract symbols, stored in one of more computers, can provide a Trace of some computational or reasoning process such as one carried out in the computer. `'beyond a shadow of a doubt' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trace' in Wordnet: 2. (2) trace, vestige, tincture, shadow - (an indication that something has been present; 'there wasn't a trace of evidence for the claim'; 'a tincture of condescension')`
Super-classes	Sign^c
Sub-classes	Record^c PhysicalTrace^c

TraceMark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TraceMark`
Description	A TraceMark is a PhysicalTrace consisting of one or more marks - features on objects that are indentations or other features, not symbols written on an object - that provide evidence regarding one or more states of some Event or FunctionalProcess. Footprints in the mud are TraceMarks; grooves on a bullet fired from a gun are TraceMarks. Scratches on the surface of physical objects are tracemarks. An impact crater is a TraceMark. A symbol in some conventional language is not usually a TraceMark, but a gash in a tree that indicates that someone has passed by that location can be a TraceMark - therefore TraceMarks may be deliberately created, but cannot be linguistic. `Includes but is not limited to senses 4, 13, and 14 of 'mark' in WordNet: 4. (3) mark, print - (a visible indication made on a surface; 'some previous reader had covered the pages with dozens of marks'; 'paw prints were everywhere') 13. scratch, scrape, scar, mark - (an indication of damage) 14. crisscross, cross, mark - (a marking that consists of lines that cross each other)`
Super-classes	PhysicalFeature^c Mark^c PhysicalTrace^c
Sub-classes	Smudge^c Navel^c

Traces^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traces`
Description	'Traces'' is a broad category of things such as objects, substances (such as scents) , or marks that remain in some location after an Event occurs there. If the Event is the movement of an animal past that location, then these things are the kinds of clues that a person or tracking animal (e.g. Bloodhound) can use to discover that the animal passed through that location. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 6 of 'trace' in WordNet: 6. trace - (a visible mark (as a footprint) left by the passage of person or animal or vehicle)`
Super-classes	Part^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some BeingLeftOver^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Remaining^c
Sub-classes	AnimalTrack^c

Trachea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trachea`
Description	CYC: The collection of all tracheas (Windpipes): air tubes, each of which runs from the #$Larynx to the #$TracheobronchialJunction where it is connected to the two main #$BronchialTubes or bronchi, which lead to the #$Lungs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trachea' in WordNet: 1. (2) trachea, windpipe - (membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi)`
Super-classes	AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value RespiratoryTract^c

TracheophytaDivision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TracheophytaDivision`
Description	The division in the plant kingdom that contains the vascular plants.
Super-classes	EmbryophyteSubkingdom^c
Sub-classes	PterophytinaSubdivision^c

TrackOnGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrackOnGround`
Description	TrackOnGround is a line on the surface of the Earth that represents the projection onto the Earth's surface (including water bodies) of the sequence of a ''Traversal'', i.e.the path created by the series of locations that some moving object (which may be in the air or in the water) occupied within some interval of time. It should have a polarity indicating the direction of movement along the line. As a TemporalThing it has a beginning TimePoint and an ending TimePoint as well as the group of locations, each of which has its own associated TimePoint. This has some resemblance to an Event, but it is a line with associated attributes, created by an Event; it is referred to as a 'track' or 'path', even if no visible traces are left from the movement. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'track' and sense 4 of 'path' and sense 5 of 'course' in WordNet; the 'course of a river' is not included, this is only for moving discrete objects.: in WordNet: 4. path, track, course - (a line or route along which something travels or moves; 'the hurricane demolished houses in its path'; 'the track of an animal'; 'the course of the river')`
Super-classes	GeographicalLine-Intangible^c TemporalThing^c Path-Generic^c
Sub-classes	AnimalTrack^c

TrackedVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrackedVehicle`
Description	A ''Trackedvehicle'' is at least partly supported by 'tracks' ('caterpillar treads'), linked metal bands on both sides allowing firm traction on unpaved ground. `CYC: A collection of #$LandTransportationDevices. Each instance of #$TrackedVehicle used caterpillar-like tracks (see #$VehicleTrack-Device) instead of, or in addition to, wheels for propulsion. Specializations include #$Tank-Vehicle and #$Bulldozer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tracked vehicle' in WordNet: 1. tracked vehicle - (a self-propelled vehicle that moves on tracks)`
Super-classes	MilitaryVehicle^c LandTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value VehicleTrack^c
Sub-classes	Bulldozer^c Tank^c

Tracker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tracker`
Description	A ''Tracker'' is an Animal (usually applied to people) who physically and literally follows the path of some other animal, on foot or in a vehicle. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'follower' in WordNet: 2. follower - (someone who travels behind or pursues another)`
Super-classes	Animal^c Role^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value FollowingMotion^c

Tracking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tracking`
Description	An Action in which an Agent or other Object follows or attempts to follow some path taken by a prior series of Events. This is a general type that includes as subtypes the 'FollowingMotion' of an object that follows spatially after another object (often an animal); it also includes an Investigation in which some IntelligentAgent tries to determine hwo some course of Events proceded through intermediary steps, as in a detective trying to determine where a fugitive went, or what steps in a process occurred to produce a specific result. This differs from normal scientific investigation in being focused on the path of a specific Event, rather than trying to determine general laws that hold for some class of Events. `Corresponds to a supertype of verb sense 2 of 'track' in WordNet: 2. (1) track - (observe or plot the moving path of something; 'track a missile')`
Super-classes	Motion^c
Sub-classes	TrackingAnAnimal^c

TrackingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrackingAnAnimal

Description

'TrackingAnAnimal' is a subtype of 'Tracking' in which some 'IntentionalAgent' follows or attempts to follow some physical path taken by some animal, human or non-human, bya process using the objects, substances, or marks (see ''AnimalTrack'') left by the animal during passage; the TrackingMotion can take place any amount of time after the tracked animal passed through, though it typically gets more difficult with the passage of time.

     This can be done by or with the help of an animal that is good at tracking other
     animals, such as a ''bloodhound'.

    NOTE: the WN verb sense 2 of'track' includes chasing, but this type does
    not include 'chasing' in the sense that the animal being pursued is
    in sight; this only includes following by means of a 'trail' or 'track' left
    behind.  For the 'chase' use''FollowingMotion'' or ''ChasingSomething''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tracking' and a small part of verb sense 2 of
        'track' in WordNet:
        1. trailing, tracking - 
           (the pursuit (of a person or animal) by following tracks 
              or marks they left behind)
      WN verb'track':
        2. (3) chase, chase after, trail, tail, tag, give chase, dog, go after, track -
           (go after with the intent to catch; "The policeman chased the mugger down the alley";
           "the dog chased the rabbit")

Super-classes Tracking^c

Tract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tract`
Description	A delineated piece of RealEstate (the physical objects occupying the Earth's surface in some geographical area) that is owned by one owner (which could be a corporation or Group of people or a public entity). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tract' in Wordnet: 1. (3) tract, piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel - (an extended area of land)`
Super-classes	RealEstate^c
Sub-classes	Battlefield^c PlotOfLand^c Tundra^c LandSite^c Grassland^c Oasis^c Terrain^c Taiga^c Clearing^c

Traction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traction`
Description	''Traction'' is a ''Friction'' that keeps a moving object from slipping or skidding. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traction' in WordNet: 1. grip, traction, adhesive friction - (the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road))`
Super-classes	Friction^c
Restrictions	hinders^op value Sliding-Generic^c

Tractor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tractor`
Description	This is a generalization of the farm tractor (subtype ''FarmTractor'') and the truck 'tractor' (''TruckTractor'') that pulls a large trailer. The subtypes are distinguishable. CYC has only the farm implement. The unifying attribute is that this type is used in ''Towing'' something on a land surface. This general type may have other subtypes as new 'towing' devices are added. `CYC: The collection of vehicles generally used to pull different kinds of farm machinery through a field. container??` "towing" = pulling event `Includes distinguishable noun senses 1 and 2 of 'tractor' in WordNet: 1. (3) tractor - (a wheeled vehicle with large wheels; used in farming and other applications) 2. tractor - (a truck that has a cab but no body; used for pulling large trailers or vans)`
Super-classes	LandTransportationVehicle^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c InternalCombustionPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Towing^c
Sub-classes	TruckTractor^c FarmTractor^c

TractorTrailer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TractorTrailer`
Description	A 'TractorTrailer'' is a combination of ''TruckTractor'' and ''TruckTrailer'' that function together as a type of large 'Truck''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tractor trailer' in WordNet: 1. trailer truck, tractor trailer, trucking rig, rig, articulated lorry, semi - (a truck consisting of a tractor and trailer together)`
Super-classes	PairOfObjects^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c RoadVehicle^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value TruckTrailer^c hasComponentElement^op value TruckTractor^c

TradeBook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradeBook`
Description	A ''TradeBook'' is a 'Book-Abstract' that is the Abstract content of a book intended for sale to the general public, the sort of book one finds in book stores.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trade book' in WordNet: 1. trade book, trade edition - (a book intended for general readership)`
Super-classes	Book-Abstract^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value RetailSale^c
Sub-classes	BestSeller^c

TradeGoal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradeGoal`
Description	The attribute characterizing goals which are concerned with having access to international markets and other trading advantages. A minimal trade goal is simply being able to trade. Example: (#$goalCategoryForAgent (#$GovernmentFn #$China-PeoplesRepublic) (#$groupMembers #$China-PeoplesRepublic #$WorldTradeOrganization) #$TradeGoal)
Super-classes	Goal^c

TradeName^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradeName`
Description	A TradeName is a Name for a Product or line of products that can also be described by a more generic name. In general a ''TradeName'' is copyrighted, but generic usage by the public can undermine that copyright, For drugs, for example, 'Aspirin' was originally a TradeName for acetylsalicylic acid, but has become so widely used it is used as though it is a generic name. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trade name' in WordNet: 1. (3) trade name, brand name, brand, marque - (a name given to a product or service)`
Super-classes	Name^c
In domain of	hasGenericName^op

TradeOff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradeOff`
Description	A ''TradeOff' is the Action of giving up a Desirable ''FutureSituation'' in order to achieve a more Desirable ''FutureSituation''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tradeoff' in WordNet: 1. tradeoff, trade-off - (an exchange that occurs as a compromise; 'I faced a tradeoff between eating and buying my medicine')`
Super-classes	AgreeingEvent^c Exchange^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op only DesiredFutureSituation^c

TradeWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradeWorker`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$BlueCollarWorker. Each element of #$TradeWorker is a worker who performs a skilled trade. Such skills are typically acquired through practical training and do not require an academic or higher education, though some individuals working in a trade may have college degrees. A large portion of #$TradeWorker includes various types of workers in the building trades, such as the members of its subsets #$Carpenter, #$Electrician, #$Plumber, #$Painter-Tradesperson, #$Roofer, etc. Other subsets include workers who maintain or repair things, e.g., those included in #$Gardener, #$ShoeCobbler, #$ApplianceRepairPerson, #$CarMechanic, #$MaintenancePerson, etc. COSMO note: in COSMO there is a borderline set of occupations that can be considered as 'trades' and also as 'professional', such as ''Butcher'' and ''Baker''. SUMO: (OccupationalTrade) Any Position that involves skilled manual work. same as RHW 'tradesman: 2. a worker skilled in a particular craft; artisan; craftsman 'tradesman' in WN does not include this sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'craftsman' in Wordnet: 3. (1) craftsman, artisan, journeyman, artificer - (a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft)
Super-classes	BlueCollarWorker^c SkilledWorker^c
Sub-classes	Mason^c Welder^c Blacksmith^c Chef^c Potter^c Handyman^c AutoMechanic^c Roofer^c Carpenter^c Weaver^c Artisan^c Butcher^c Painter-Tradesperson^c Electrician^c Plumber^c Hairdresser^c Landscaper^c Baker^c Machinist^c

TradeableSecurity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradeableSecurity`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Agreements (some of which are technically #$LoanAgreements) issued by #$Organizations (typical examples include #$LegalCorporations and #$LocalGovernmentOrganizations) and bought and sold by investors. An instance of #$TradeableSecurity being issued means that, in effect, the #$Agreement is sold to an investor or to a a #$creditor (which could be an individual investor or another #$Organization) for funds that are then held by the issuer of the security for it own use and either repaid at an agreed upon rate (see #$yieldToMaturity), paid in the form of dividends, or are absorbed by the #$Organization in return for ownership.
Super-classes	FinancialSecurity^c AuthorizedAgreement^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalRepresentation^op only TradeableSecurityCertificate^c
Sub-classes	Stock-Financial^c

TradeableSecurityCertificate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradeableSecurityCertificate`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$FinancialDocuments that are also #$OfficialDocuments (and thus must be #$HardcopyInformationBearingObjects), that record some legal right or obligation, and that have monetary value--and thus, are tradeable. Specializations include #$BondCertificate and #$StockCertificate.
Super-classes	FinancialDocument^c OfficialDocument^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op only TradeableSecurity^c
Sub-classes	StockCertificate^c

Trademark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trademark`
Description	A ''Trademark'' is an ''AbstractlSymbol'' that is usually but not necessarily a series of alphabetical characters, though they may be so stylized that they can be difficult to recognize. `CYC: 'Trademark-String' #$Trademark-String is the collection of all (abstract) character strings that are used by some agent as the trademark of some goods or service. It is a kind of #$ProperNameString. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trademark' in WordNet: 2. (1) trademark - (a formally registered symbol identifying the manufacturer or distributor of a product)`
Super-classes	AbstractSymbol^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c

TrademarkRight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrademarkRight`
Description	A ''TrademarkRight'' is a Right to restrict use of a ''Trademark'' and to sue for damages if the Trademark is misused.
Super-classes	Right^c LegalDocument-Abstract^c LegalAgreement^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedByEvent^op value RegisteringaTrademark^c

Trader^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trader`
Description	A ''Retailer'' who buys and sells goods but does not maintain a Retail store. This includes sock traders, but not brokers. `Instances are agents who trade goods and services for a living, or who facilitate such trades for a living. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trader' in WordNet: 1. (5) trader, bargainer, dealer, monger - (someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold)`
Super-classes	Merchant^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RetailSale^c

TradingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradingEvent`
Description	A CommercialActivity in which goods are transferred to an Agent for sale in some distant location. This differs form general commerce in that either the recipient is not the end user, or the recipient is located at some distance from the provider of the goods traded. `OCM (Exchange) General statements dealing with several aspects of the mechanisms of transferring economic goods and the titles to them, with the volume of such transactions, and with the determination of prices and economic values.`
Super-classes	CommercialActivity^c
Sub-classes	TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities^c

TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities`
Description	The act of buying and/or selling one or more ''FinancialSecurity''s, including any interest in 'commodities'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trading' in WordNet: 1. (2) trading - (buying or selling securities or commodities)`
Super-classes	Investing^c MoneyTransaction^c TradingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value FinancialSecurity^c typicallyOccursAt^op value SecuritiesExchange^c
Sub-classes	TradingStocks^c

TradingStocks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TradingStocks`
Description	''TradingStocks'' is the act of buying and/or selling one or more ''Stock-Financial''s, typically performed on a `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trading' in WordNet: 1. (2) trading - (buying or selling securities or commodities)`
Super-classes	TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value StockExchange^c hadThingTransferred^op value Stock-Financial^c

Tradition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tradition`
Description	A 'Tradition'' is a ''Custom'' that is a habitual or typical manner of behavior of any kind, among any community,that may differ from other communities of the same kind. A 'traditional' pracice that is specific to one indidivudal should be represented by 'Custom'. `A'customary' or traditional practice specific to one individual should be classified as a ''Habit''. Includes both noun senses of 'tradition' in WordNet: 1. (28) tradition - (an inherited pattern of thought or action) 2. (15) custom, tradition - (a specific practice of long standing)`
Super-classes	Custom^c SocialOccurrence^c
Sub-classes	TraditionalNorm^c CulturalPractice^c

Traditional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traditional`
Description	CYC: An attribute used to describe those things, activities, methods of doing things which are typical of the past, and/or which are viewed as conventional and well-established. `Includes both adjective senses of 'traditional' in WordNet: 1. (23) traditional - (consisting of or derived from tradition; 'traditional history'; 'traditional morality') 2. (3) traditional - (pertaining to time-honored orthodox doctrines; 'the simple security of traditional assumptions has vanished')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Folkloric^c

TraditionalClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TraditionalClothing`
Description	A thing to wear which is characteristic of the culture of a particular ethnic group and not of modern western attire. Examples: Viking hats, lederhosen, kimonos, ...
Super-classes	Clothing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value TraditionalCultural^c
Sub-classes	Kimono^c Kilt^c

TraditionalCultural^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TraditionalCultural

Description

''TraditionalCultural'' is a specialized attribute characteristic of things (clothing, ceremonies, food) that are 'OldFashioned' and specific to a particular culture, and (except for food) not usually used other than within activities intended to display or celebrate a traditional culture.

       Typically referred to by the term 'traditional'.

Super-classes Cultural^c
OldFashioned^c

TraditionalNorm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TraditionalNorm`
Description	A ''TraditionalNorm'' is a ''Tradition'' that conforms to a ''Norm'', i.e. is not merely an established practice, but has a basis in some expected ''Morm''. It that is both a typical manner of behavior of any kind, among any community, and also a practice that might be disapproved by others if it were volated. But this is not a ''Rule'' and the diapproval, if any, would not be strong enough to cause any negative consequences for one violating the norm. THe ''Tradition'' can be of any kind within any kind of community, including for example traditional practices within professional communities concerning the way aspect of their work is usually performed.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'norm ' in WordNet: 1. (9) norm - (a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical; 'the current middle-class norm of two children per family')`
Super-classes	Tradition^c
Restrictions	conformsTo^op value Norm^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Recommended^c
Sub-classes	SocialInstitution^c

Traditionalism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traditionalism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traditionalism' in WordNet: 1. (1) traditionalism, traditionality - (strict adherence to traditional methods or teachings)`
Super-classes	Orthodoxy^c
Restrictions	wasSupportedByAgent^op value Traditionalist^c

Traditionalist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traditionalist`
Description	A ''Traditionalist'' is a ''Conservative'' who believes that a society should adhere to its traditions and traditional practices and beliefs. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traditionalist' in WordNet: 1. (5) traditionalist, diehard - (one who adheres to traditional views)`
Super-classes	ConservativePerson^c
Restrictions	supportsProposition^op value Traditionalism^c

Traditionally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traditionally

Description

''Traditionally'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Action to describe how that action is performed according to the traditions of a group - an action that affirms that that action is done in the ''Traditional'' manner.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'traditionally' in WordNet:
          1. (1) traditionally - (according to tradition; in a traditional manner; 
            'traditionally, we eat fried foods on Hanukah')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Traffic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traffic`
Description	The Event in which a Group of 'MovingTransportationDevice's are moving at a particular time in a particular Region. `CYC: The event made up of many driving #$subEvents in a given place over a given time period. This is for vehicles. For pedestrian traffic, use 'PedestrianTraffic'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'traffic' in WordNet, but including only the vehicles moving at a particualar time in a particular place: in WordNet: 1. (14) traffic - (the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time)`
Super-classes	Group^c SocialOccurrence^c LocomotionEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op only MovingTransportationDevices^c
Sub-classes	VehicularTraffic^c HighSpeedTraffic^c

TrafficCircle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrafficCircle`
Description	A ''TrafficCircle'' is a ''RoadIntersection'' in which the roads do not directly intersect in a 'cross' but intersect with a Roadway in the (approximate) shape of a Circle, so that traffic gong through or turning onto another roadway must traverse the circle. Any number of roads may connect with the ''TrafficCircle''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traffic circle' in WordNet: 1. traffic circle, circle, rotary, roundabout - (a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island; "the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary")`
Super-classes	Roadway^c RoadIntersection^c
Restrictions	isConnectedTo^op some Roadway^c

TrafficCongestion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrafficCongestion`
Description	''TrafficCongestion'' is an ''Overcrowding'' of vehicles on some Roadway. `CYC 'TrafficJam': The type of traffic in which there are so many cars (or other vehicles) that the drivers are often stopped longer than they are moving. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traffic jam' in WordNet: 1. traffic jam, snarl-up - (a number of vehicles blocking one another until they can scarcely move) WN noun 'congestion': 1. congestion, over-crowding - (excessive crowding; 'traffic congestion')`
Super-classes	Overcrowding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value MovingTransportationDevices^c occursAt^op value Roadway^c hinders^op value DrivingaRoadVehicle^c
Sub-classes	Gridlock^c

TrafficLight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrafficLight

Description

A thing which usually hangs over roads near intersections and tells cars when they must stop, go, or slow.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traffic light' in WordNet:
          1. (1) traffic light, traffic signal, stoplight - 
              (a visual signal to control the flow of traffic at intersections)

Super-classes ElectricalLightingDevice^c
VisualInformationBearingThing^c
InformationBearingObject^c
WarningSignal^c

TrafficSign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrafficSign`
Description	A ''TrafficSign'' is a ''NoticeSign'' that contains visual information that can be interpreted quickly by a moving car, used on the sides of or above a RoadWay to provide information to motorists about how to proceed legally, or about traffic conditions. A 'stop light' doesn't fit the definition as a sheet. `No WN entry.`
Super-classes	NoticeSign^c
Sub-classes	StreetSign^c

Trafficking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trafficking`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'traffic' in WordNet: 1. traffic - (deal illegally; 'traffic drugs')`
Super-classes	Merchandising^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some OutlawedObjectType^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Illegal^c

Tragedy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tragedy`
Description	A'Tragedy'' is a ''DramaticComposition'' in which the fortune of the protagonist of the Drama becomes seriously bad. Coontrasts with 'comedy'. For example Julius Caesar'; 'King Lear' from Shakespeare. CYC has ('Tragedy-Genre'): The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the tragedy genre. Usually something bad happens to someone in these works. RHW 'tragedy': a dramatic composition, often in verse, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tragedy' in WordNet: 2. (1) tragedy - (drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or circumstance; excites terror or pity)
Super-classes	DramaticComposition^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Pity^c

Tragic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tragic

Description

'Tragic' is an AttributeValue of Events that are ''Injurious'' (in a physical or psychological sense) as well as 'VeryBad'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tragic' in WordNet:
          1. (7) tragic, tragical - (very sad; especially involving grief 
            or death or destruction; 'a tragic face'; 'a tragic plight'; 'a tragic accident')

Super-classes VeryBad^c
Injurious^c
Saddening^c

TragicEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TragicEvent`
Description	A ''TragicEvent'' is a ''BadLuckEvent' that causes great harm or death to at least one Person. `WN does not have a 'tragedy' entry for great harm to only one person ('Disaster' should be for more than one or a few persons. The RHW sense 6 of 'tragedy' seems to fit: a lamentable, dreadful, or fatal event or affair; calamity; disaster: the tragedy of war.`
Super-classes	HarmingAnAgent^c BadLuckEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tragic^c

Tragically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tragically`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'tragically' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tragically - (in a tragic manner; with tragic consequences; 'the adventure ended tragically'; 'tragically, she contracted AIDS')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Trail^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trail`
Description	A ''Trail'' is a ''Footpath'' through a forest or wilderness-like area. It may be wide enough to be traversible by off-road vehicles, but it was not created for vehicle use and is unpaved (except possibly in some short sections). `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trail' in WordNet: 2. (4) trail - (a path or track roughly blazed through wild or hilly country)`
Super-classes	Footpath^c PublicProperty^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value RuralArea^c

Trailer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trailer`
Description	CYC: A wagon, van, box, etc. designed to be pulled by an automobile, truck, or other powered Device. This includes all types of such trailers, but if the subtype is known (e.g. ''TruckTrailer''), that type should be used. This is the generic 'trailer' including both the large 'trailer' of tractor-trailers use inshipping, and also the mobile homes that are pulled rather than complete with motor. NOTE: wagons, designed to be pulled by animals, are not 'Trailers' in COSMO. WN Sense 3 is also represented by subtype ''TruckTrailer''. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'trailer' in WordNet: 3. trailer - (a large transport conveyance designed to be pulled by a truck or tractor) 4. trailer, house trailer - (a wheeled vehicle that can be pulled by a car or truck and is equipped for occupancy)
Super-classes	WheeledTransportationDevice^c TransportationContainerProduct^c
Restrictions	isMovedInEvent^op value Towing^c
Sub-classes	MobileHome^c TruckTrailer^c

Train-TransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Train-TransportationDevice`
Description	$Train-TransportationDevice is a specialization of #$WheeledTransportationDevice, #$TransportationContainerProduct, and #$PublicTransportationDevice. Each instance of a #$Train-TransportationDevice is a train, i.e., a transportation device that runs on #$Railways and consists of multiple #$TrainCars coupled together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'train' in WordNet: 1. (24) train, railroad train - (public transport provided by a line of railway cars coupled together and drawn by a locomotive; 'express trains don't stop at Princeton Junction')
Super-classes	Device^c TransportationContainerProduct^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c DurableGood^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	FreightTrain^c MonorailTrain^c PassengerTrain^c MovingTrain^c

Trained^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trained

Description

''Trained'' is the attribute of an animal that has been trained in any way, not just horses having been 'Broken In', even though the only WN gloss for ''TrainingAnAnimal'' includes only breaking in.

    This is not for people. For People, 'trained' is represened by attribute
       ''Taught''.

    NOTE that 'broken' should be a subtype.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'broken in' in WordNet:
            1. broken, broken in - (tamed or trained to obey; 'a horse broken to the saddle'; 
              'this old nag is well broken in')
        WN adj 'trained':
         1. (8) trained - (shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training;
            often used as a combining form; 'a trained mind'; 'trained pigeons'; 
            'well-trained servants')

Super-classes AnimalAttributeValue^c

Trainee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trainee`
Description	An 'Trainee' is the Role of a Person who is one of the People who is being ''Taught'' in a ''TrainingAnAgent'' Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trainee' in WordNet: 1. trainee - (someone who is being trained)`
Super-classes	Participant^c Beneficiary^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op some TrainingAnAgent^c isTheRecipientOf^op value TrainingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Intern^c Protege^c Cadet^c

Trainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trainer`
Description	A ''Trainer'' is a ''Person'' that trains people or animals. This is broad and includes ''Teacher'' as subtype. Not just for training physical actions. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trainer' in WordNet: 1. trainer - (one who trains other persons or animals)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value TrainingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	AthleticCoach^c Teacher^c

Training^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Training`
Description	This is the general sense of 'training' which includes the intransitive sense of a Person acting to improve her/his own skills as well as the assisted 'training' in which some teacher or coach helps an Animal (human or nonhuman) to improve some skills; the assisted ''Training'' is more specifically represented by the subtype ''TrainingAnAgent''. Each 'Training' is an Action in which some person (including Students) acquires knowledge or physical skills that will enable that Person to perform some Action better than one who is untrained or inexperienced. Since Training is a preparation to perform some type of Action, this type is also a subtype of 'PreparingForSituation'. This is a very general meaning of 'train' and includes many subtypes. NOTE that ''Training'' (a learning how to do something) includes as a subtype ''Studying'' because learning information will (often though not always) be useful in performing actions requiring knowledge. NOTE: this includes the perspectives of the person doing the ''Training'' and the animal being trained - transitive and intransitive senses. Includes verb senses 2 and part of sense 5 (not for transitive actions, represented by ''TrainingAnAgent'') of 'train' and noun sense 1 of 'lesson' and noun sense 1 of 'training' and part of noun sense 2 of 'instruction' in WordNet: WN verb 'train': 2. (9) train, prepare - (undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession; 'She is training to be a teacher'; 'He trained as a legal aid') 5. (1) educate, school, train, cultivate, civilize, civilise - (train to be discriminative in taste or judgment; 'Cultivate your musical taste'; 'Train your tastebuds'; 'She is well schooled in poetry') 1. (6) lesson - (a unit of instruction; 'he took driving lessons') WN noun 'training: 1. (71) training, preparation, grooming - (activity leading to skilled behavior)
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value LearningHowToDoSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Preparatory^c causes^op value LearningHowToDoSomething^c
Sub-classes	Apprenticing^c PhysicalTraining^c Studying^c

TrainingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrainingAnAgent`
Description	Each 'TrainingAnAgent' is a ''Teaching'' Action in which some Student (or NonHumanAnimal to be 'trained') acquires knowledge or skill that will enable that Student to perform some Action better than one who is untrained or inexperienced. Since Training is a preparation to perform some type of Action, this type is also a subtype of 'PreparingForSituation'. This is a very general meaning of 'train' and include many subtypes.. NOTE: this is a subtype of the generic ''Training'' that requires some kind of ''Trainer'' (coach or teacher) to assist the person or Animal being trained - the transitive sense of 'train', from the perspective of the ''Trainer'' doing the training. Includes verb senses 1 to 5 of 'train' and noun sense 1 of 'lesson' and noun sense 1 of 'training' and part of noun sense 2 of 'instruction' in WordNet: WN verb 'train': 1. (14) train, develop, prepare, educate - (create by training and teaching; 'The old master is training world-class violinists'; 'we develop the leaders for the future') 4. (5) prepare, groom, train - (prepare (someone) for a future role or function; 'He is grooming his son to become his successor'; 'The prince was prepared to become King one day'; 'They trained him to be a warrior') 5. (1) educate, school, train, cultivate, civilize, civilise - (train to be discriminative in taste or judgment; 'Cultivate your musical taste'; 'Train your tastebuds'; 'She is well schooled in poetry') 1. (6) lesson - (a unit of instruction; 'he took driving lessons')
Super-classes	GoodThing^c Teaching^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Training^c isPerformedBy^op value Trainer^c
Sub-classes	ConditioningSomeone^c TrainingAnAnimal^c CoachingAthletes^c MilitaryDrilling^c Biofeedback^c

TrainingAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrainingAnAnimal`
Description	''TrainingAnAnimal'' is an Action in which some ''NonHumanAnimal'' is trained to perform some action that the animal does not perform naturally, or to refrain from some actions when commanded to. `'hadAgentHelped' is not quite right here - need a new parent for 'train'. no WN sense fits. Part of the sese is captured by ''break': in WordNet: 12. (3) break in, break - (make submissive, obedient, or useful; 'The horse was tough to break'; 'I broke in the new intern')`
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c TrainingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHelped^op some NonHumanAnimal^c

Trait^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trait`
Description	Trait is an instance of ''AttributeTypeType'' that takes values of some characteristic, often of an animal's personality, but also physical attributes that may have quantitative or qualitative values. A ''Trait'' may be considered as a part of the total character or nature of something. Examples are kindness, ambitiousness, aggressiveness, friendliness, or for PhysicalAttributes, Distance, Hardness, Thickness. The name of a ''Trait''s may be nominalized forms of an adjective, ad the values it takes will have different intuitive relations to the associated attributes. NOTE there may be some overlap between certain terms for a ''Trait'' (an attribute) and for a ''Feeling'' (in COSMO a PersistentState); see relations described below. See ''Determination'' and ''Resolution-Emotion'' (in CYC and COSMO this is a ''Feeling''). One consideration is that ''Determination'' can be short term and focused on a specific task, whereas a ''Trait'' should be some characteristic that lasts and is predictable. Perhaps: Trait isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling - (longer lasting emotion???). Then a persisting emotion can be viewed as a Trait.??? Related concepts: Trait PersistentState(Feeling/HavingAnAttribute) AttributeValue Trait isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait Trait AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing PersistentState(any EventType) AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling Feeling Feeling isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trait' in Wordnet: 1. (3) trait - (a distinguishing feature of your personal nature)
Super-classes	Quality^c
Sub-classes	PersonalQuirk^c Intractability^c PersonalityTrait^c BodyProperty^c SelfPosession^c Eccentricity^c Sociality^c

Traitor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traitor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traitor' in WordNet: 1. (4) traitor, treasonist - (someone who betrays his country by committing treason)`
Super-classes	Betrayer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Treason^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Treasonous^c

Trajectory^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trajectory

Description

A 'Trajectory' is a ''Path-Generic'' (connected series of spatial locations) over which some Object has traveled or can travel or may travel. This does not include any reference to the times at which an Object was or will be in any portion of the ''Trajectory''. Eah instance of this type is a ''Path-Generic'' created by the series of locations that some moving object(s) (which may be in the air or in the water) occupied within some interval of time. A projection of this ''Trajectory'' onto the surface of the Earth (or another planet) would be a ''TrackOnGround''.

       CYC:  The collection of all trajectories of moving
        objects: each instance of #$Trajectory is the individual
        spatial region consisting of the points in space through
        which an object passes during a #$Movement-TranslationEvent.
        A trajectory may or may not follow some pre-existing or
        pre-defined path (#$Path-Generic).  If it does follow one or
        more such paths, it determines a #$Traversal of those paths.
        A #$Trajectory is understood and defined as a spatial line
        with one of the two possible directions of motion along it.
        It is considered as being a part of some stationary
        background space (thus, in most contexts, a #$Trajectory
        cannot itself 'move').  Unlike a #$Path-Generic, a
        #$Trajectory (or a #$Traversal) can cross itself any number
        of times, and go back along itself, cycle over and over
        again, etc.  If there is a #$Movement-TranslationEvent, then
        that event always has a #$Trajectory; it is linked to its
        #$Trajectory by the #$ActorSlots #$trajectory-Complete and
        possibly #$trajectory-Partial.  In most contexts, a
        #$Trajectory will be a line (or rather a one-manifold)
        through space as traced by some designated point within the
        moving object (e.g., the center of gravity), but the
        collection #$Trajectory-SweptSpace is available to represent
        the whole space (with space and thickness) swept through by
        a moving object.  Contrast #$Trajectory with #$Path-Generic
        and with #$Traversal.


          Includes but is broader than WN 'trajectory: this does not
            have to be a 'flight': it can occur on or under ground.
          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trajectory' in WordNet:
            1. trajectory, flight - (the path followed by an object moving through space)

Super-classes GeographicalLine-Intangible^c
SpatialThing-Localized^c
IntangibleExistingThing^c
Path-Generic^c

Tramping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tramping`
Description	''Tramping'' is any 'long distance" ''Walking'' (more than a mile, usually done in a vehicle if possible) for any purpose. `NOTE: long-distance walking for exercise is represented by the subtype(s) ''WalkingForExercise'' or ''Hiking'' (if also for recreation). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tramp' in WordNet: 1. (7) tramp - (travel on foot, especially on a walking expedition; 'We went tramping about the state of Colorado')`
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c
Sub-classes	Hiking^c

Trampling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trampling

Description

''Trampling'' is a type of ''Treading'' where the feet are placed down heavily so as to exert a force greater than simply stepping on that object. This can be performed by morethan one Person at a time.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trample' in WordNet:
           1. (5) tread, trample - (tread or stomp heavily or roughly;
              'The soldiers trampled across the fields')

Super-classes Treading^c

Trampoline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trampoline`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trampoline' in WordNet: 1. trampoline - (gymnastic apparatus consisting of a strong canvas sheet attached with springs to a metal frame; used for tumbling)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c GameArtifact^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Frame^c

Trance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trance`
Description	A ''Trance'' is a deep sleeplike state having similarity to 'Unconsciousness'.in that the subject may not remember anything while in that state. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trance' in WordNet: 2. (1) trance - (a state of mind in which consciousness is fragile and voluntary action is poor or missing; a state resembling deep sleep)`
Super-classes	Unconsciousness^c
Sub-classes	HypnoticTrance^c

Tranquilizer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tranquilizer`
Description	Drugs which are used to calm patients with psychoses. Milder versions are also used as ''AntiDepressant''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tranquilizer' in WordNet: 1. (3) tranquilizer, tranquillizer, tranquilliser, antianxiety agent, ataractic drug, ataractic agent, ataractic - (a drug used to reduce stress or tension without reducing mental clarity)`
Super-classes	PsychoactiveAgent^c
Sub-classes	AntiDepressant^c

TransSexual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransSexual`
Description	`Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'transsexual' in WordNet: 1. transsexual, transexual - (a person who has undergone a sex change operation) 2. transsexual, transexual - (a person whose sexual identification is entirely with the opposite sex)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Transgender^c

TransactingBusiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransactingBusiness`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transact' in WordNet: 1. (2) transact - (conduct business; 'transact with foreign governments')`
Super-classes	Interacting^c SocialInteraction^c BusinessEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value GroupOfPeople^c
Sub-classes	SellingActivity^c

Transaction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transaction`
Description	A specialization of #$CooperationEvent. Each instance of #$Transaction is an event in which goods, services, or funds are willingly exchanged or transferred. Specializations include #$Investing, #$MoneyTransfer, and #$Bartering. This is a reciprocal exchange - for one-way exchanges, the more general 'ChangeOfPossession' can be used. NOTE: this type represents one interaction between two or more agents; for a series of such interactions use ''TransactionSeries''. NOTE also that the synset with 'transaction is used here and for ''TransactionSeries'', but the labels 'dealing' and 'dealings' are used only for the plural sense. COSMO note: this is a specialization of 'Exchange' for exchanges of valuable things between IntelligentAgents. However, the 'valuable thing' can be abstract, such as a ''Promise'. NOTE: With 'DualObjectEvent'as an ancestor, (at least one) PairOfObjects exchanged must be specified. Each Object (Actually any ''ValuableThing'', including Services or Promises) in that Pair will acquire the Role of a ''QuidProQuo'' NOTE: the Cyc concept may also include one-way transfers, but in COSMO this concept if only bi- or multi-directional. SUMO: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where something is exchanged for something else. YALE-OCM (Exchange, 430) General statements dealing with several aspects of the mechanisms of transferring economic goods and the titles to them, with the volume of such transactions, and with the determination of prices and economic values. NOTE that this is a specialized sense of 'transaction' not listed in WordNet - the only WordNet sense is more general, not requiring an exchange of valuables: This sense is only part of the WordNet sense Corresponds approximately to part (where things are actually exchanged) of sense 1 (the only sense) of 'transaction' and verb senses 2,3, and 4 and noun sense 3 of 'trade' and includes noun and verb senses 'barter' and 'swap' in WordNet: 1. (2) transaction, dealing, dealings - (the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities); 'no transactions are possible without him'; 'he has always been honest is his dealings with me') WN verb 'trade': 2. (6) trade, trade in - (turn in as payment or part payment for a purchase; 'trade in an old car for a new one') 3. (2) trade - (be traded at a certain price or under certain conditions; 'The stock traded around $20 a share') 4. (2) trade, swap, swop, switch - (exchange or give (something) in exchange for) WN noun 'trade': 3. (107) barter, swap, swop, trade - (an equal exchange; 'we had no money so we had to live by barter') WN verb 'barter': 1. barter - (exchange goods without involving money)
Super-classes	ChangeOfPossession^c Exchange^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op min 2 hasSubEvent^op value ReciprocalAction^c
Sub-classes	Selling^c Buying^c SellingaService^c TemporaryChangeOfUserRights^c Bartering^c MoneyTransaction^c Kickback^c

TransactionList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransactionList`
Description	A ''TransactionList'' is a ''List'' of ''MoneyTransaction''s.
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only MoneyTransaction^c

TransactionSeries^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransactionSeries`
Description	A ''TransactionSeries'' is a Series of ''Transaction''s between the same group of ''IntelligentAgent''s, which could be People or Organizations including ''Country''s. NOTE: the only sense of 'transaction' in WN is this synset. In order to distinguish one 'transaction' or exchange from a series, in COSMO this synset is used for both the singular ''Transation'' and this plural, though the terms 'dealing' and 'dealings' label only this type. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'dealings ' in WordNet: 3. transaction, dealing, dealings - (the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities); 'no transactions are possible without him'; 'he has always been honest is his dealings with me')
Super-classes	ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Transaction^c isPerformedBy^op only IntelligentAgent^c

Transatlantic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transatlantic

Description

       Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'transatlantic' (includes
            things existing on both side of the Atlantic) in Wordnet:
         1. transatlantic - (crossing the Atlantic Ocean; 'transatlantic flight')

Super-classes Transoceanic^c

Transcendence^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transcendence

Description

''Transcendence'' is type of 'RealExistence' in which some Entity

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transcendence' in WordNet:
          1. transcendence, transcendency - (a state of being or existence 
                above and beyond the limits of material experience)

Super-classes RealExistence^c

Transcendent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transcendent`
Description	''Transcendent'' is a property of Events or Facts or properties of things that are ''Extraordinary'' in a way that is considered ''Admirable'' (very ''Good''). 'transcendent beauty' `This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary - > Transcendent Amazing (astonishing + Surprising + Incredible) Astounding Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'transcendent' in Wordnet: 2. transcendent, surpassing - (exceeding or surpassing usual limits especially in excellence)`
Super-classes	Extraordinary^c Admirable^c
Sub-classes	Transcendental^c

Transcendental^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transcendental

Description

''Transcendental'' is a property of Events or Facts that insome way do not conform to the ordinary physical laws derived from the common experiences of people. This can be for religious or mystical Things, or for mental states that are not firmly linked to sensory perceptions (as when high on a hallucinogen).

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transcendental' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) nonnatural, otherworldly, preternatural, transcendental -
             (existing outside of or not in accordance with nature; 
             'find transcendental motives for sublunary action'-Aldous Huxley)

Super-classes Transcendent^c

TranscribingSpeech^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TranscribingSpeech

Description

''TranscribingSpeech'' is the creation of a ''Transcription'' (a written document) that is intended to record the words spoken by one or more ''Person''s whether in person or previously recorded in some recording medium.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transcribe' in WordNet:
        1. (1) transcribe - (write out from speech, notes, etc.; 
           'Transcribe the oral history of this tribe')

Super-classes MakingWrittenMaterial^c

Transcription^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transcription`
Description	A ''Transcription'' is a 'WrittenCommunication' that is intended to record inwriting something that was spoken, whether in person (as in dictation or a stenographer making a record of a conversation) or in some other medium, such as an audio recording or a video recording. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transcription' in WordNet: 1. (1) transcription, written text - (something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation)`
Super-classes	WrittenCommunication^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op only TranscribingSpeech^c
Sub-classes	Subtitle^c

Transducer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transducer`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transducer' in WordNet: 1. (11) transducer - (an electrical device that converts one form of energy into another)`
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ConvertingEnergyForms^c
Sub-classes	ElectroAcousticTransducer^c SolarCell^c

TransferIn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransferIn`
Description	COSMO note: a TransferIn may be a transfer of something intangible that is not actually possessed in the same way by an agent doing the transfer - awarding a degree, honor, or praise is a 'TransferIn' though nothing is lost by the agent doing the awarding. In a TransferIn, an agent or location may 'have; something it didn't have, but that does not require a loss for any other agent or location. This is pretty abstract, and is useful mostly as a type that can be the domain of some special relations. Cyc: A collection of events. Each instance of #$TransferIn is a #$GeneralizedTransfer (q.v.) for which there is a well-defined thing that it is a transfer to (see #$to-Generic), but not necessarily a well-defined thing that it is a transfer from (see #$from-Generic). Subcollections of #$TransferIn include #$Collecting, #$GainingUserRights, and #$AccessingAnIBT. At the end of a #$TransferIn, the thing transferred (see #$transferredThing) is in some sense located at the #$to-Generic. Non- examples of #$TransferIn include instances of #$AbandoningSomething (when there is no prospective owner) and of #$IBTGeneration (when the information may go to various unspecified locations)
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inward^c hadThingAffected^op some (Resource^c or Object^c or MoneyObject^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or ObjectType^c or AttributeValueType^c or ObjectGroup^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	FertilizingaFemaleOrganism^c Collecting^c Receiving^c GroupTransferIn^c InjectingOrInfusing^c BiologicalIntakeEvent^c AccessingAnIBT^c InfectingEvent^c GainingUserRights^c ArrivingAtAPlace^c

TransferOfControl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransferOfControl`
Description	CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$GainingControl and #$LosingControlOfAControlledActor. Each instance of this collection is an event in which an object which is under the control of some agent has that control transferred to another agent different from the first. 'Control' here means the ability on the part of an agent to determine 'what happens to' another object or agent. In the case where the thing controlled exhibits 'activities' or 'behavior', this extends to a nontrivial ability to direct or circumscribe some important aspect of the behavior that the object or agent exhibits. An agent with independent goals and purposes that is under 'control' is not able to freely pursue those goals and purposes: i.e., the 'controller' is able to exert some kind of significant and immediate check upon the 'controlled' agent's capacity to pursue its goals at whim. Every #$TransferOfControl presupposes exactly one #$Agent who #$takesControl of the thing being transferred, exactly one #$Agent who #$losesControl of the thing being transferred, and one thing that is the #$objectOfControlTransfer, i.e., the object of the transfer of control. In some cases, e.g., #$CapturingAnimal or #$TakingAPersonPrisoner, the agent who #$losesControl coincides with the thing that is the #$objectOfControlTransfer. You cannot have a #$TransferOfControl without someone or something that #$losesControl, however. E.g., finding and taking an (unclaimed) penny in the street is merely a #$GainingControl. A given #$TransferOfControl is not necessarily #$doneBy the agent who #$takesControl or by the agent who #$losesControl: it could conceivably be instigated by a third party independent of either of these.
Super-classes	GainingControl^c LosingControlOfAControlledObject^c AnimalActivity^c
Sub-classes	ServingFoodOrDrink^c Stealing^c FeedingAnOrganism^c GainingFreedom^c SurrenderingaPrisoner^c Surrendering^c Hijacking^c

TransferOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransferOut`
Description	COSMO note: GeneralizedTransfer in COSMO is required to have an origin and destination, so this Cyc type has been reinterpreted as a subtype of Event, so that no ending place is required. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. #$TransferOut includes all instances of #$GeneralizedTransfer in which some object plays the role of #$from-Generic, but in which there may or may not be any object playing the role of #$to-Generic. At the start of a #$TransferOut, the object playing the role of #$transferredThing is 'located' at the object playing the role of #$from-Generic. The collection #$TransferOut includes, among other things, all instances of the collections #$Emission, #$LosingUserRights, and #$DistributionEvent. Negative examples of #$TransferOut include some instances of #$AppropriatingSomething (when there is no previous owner) and some instances of #$Hearing (when the sounds may come from various unspecified locations)
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasStartingPlace^op some (GenericLocation^c or GenericAgent^c or Object^c)
Sub-classes	Emission^c ExpellinganAgent^c GroupTransferOut^c Emigrating^c LeavingaPlace^c Emerging^c

TransferredProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransferredProperty`
Description	''TransferredProperty'' is any ''Property'' that was transferred from one owner to another. This can characterize almost all properties, but is a WordNet concept that includes more specific concepts such as 'stolen property'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transferred property' in WordNet: 1. transferred property, transferred possession - (a possession whose ownership changes or lapses)`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c Property^c
Sub-classes	StolenProperty^c

TransferringOwnership^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransferringOwnership`
Description	CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$TransferringPossession. In each instance of #$TransferringOwnership the ownership of some object passes from one agent to another. That is, there is a transfer from one #$Agent to another of a #$FullUseRights and the #$ExclusiveUserRights over the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer. Often there is some compensation from the receiving agent (see #$ExchangeOfUserRights). `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'transfer' in WordNet: 6. transfer, transference - (transferring ownership) WN verb 'transfer': 5. (1) transfer - (cause to change ownership; 'I transferred my stock holdings to my children')`
Super-classes	TransferringPossession^c GivingSomethingAbstract^c
Sub-classes	Privatization^c GivingaGift^c Selling^c SpendingMoney^c Foreclosing^c Paying^c

TransferringPossession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransferringPossession`
Description	''TransferringPossession'' is an Action in which one Agent transfers something (Physical or Abstract) to another Agent, whether temporarily or permanently. IF permananetly, use subtype ''TransferringOwnership'' `NOTE: this 'transfer' is not necessarily, but could be a change of 'ownership, it could be conferring a temporary custody.`
Super-classes	GivingSomethingAbstract^c ChangeOfPossession^c
Sub-classes	TransferringOwnership^c Lending^c Entrusting^c

TransferringSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransferringSomething`
Description	''TransferringSomething'' is a transitive ''GeneralizedTransfer'' performed by a ''IntelligentAgent''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'transfer' in WordNet: 3. (6) transfer - (move from one place to another; 'transfer the data'; 'transmit the news'; 'transfer the patient to another hospital')`
Super-classes	GeneralizedTransfer^c Action^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some IntelligentAgent^c causes^op value Displacing^c hadRecipient^op some (Object^c or GenericAgent^c or SubstanceType^c or AgentType^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	UploadingaFile^c ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople^c Downloading^c Xeroxing^c

Transformer-Electric^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transformer-Electric

Description

CYC 'Transformer-Electric': a device that transfers electricity from one circuit to another, usually changing the voltage and amperage.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transformer' in WordNet:
          1. (1) transformer - (an electrical device by which 
          alternating current of one voltage is changed to another voltage)

Super-classes CurrentConverter^c
PowerTransmittingDevice^c
TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c

Transforming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transforming`
Description	''Transforming'' is a ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' in which the nature of something is significantly changed. : 2. (13) transform, transmute, transubstantiate - (change or alter in form, appearance, or nature; 'This experience transformed her completely'; 'She transformed the clay into a beautiful sculpture'; 'transubstantiate one element into another') WN noun 'transmutation' 1. (3) transmutation, transubstantiation - (an act that changes the form or character or substance of something)
Super-classes	Altering^c PhysicalTransformationEvent^c
Sub-classes	HolyEucharist^c

Transgender^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transgender

Description

NOTE: this attribute is used also for people who have not had a sex-change operation,but idenify with the sex opposite the birth sex.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transgender' in Wordnet:
          1. transgender, transgendered - (involving a partial or full reversal of gender)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Transient^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transient

Description

''Transient'' is an attribute that specifies that some thing (state or object) exists or existed for only a short time..

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transient' in Wordnet:
        2. ephemeral, passing, short-lived, transient, transitory, fugacious -
         (lasting a very short time; 'the ephemeral joys of childhood';
         'a passing fancy'; 'youth's transient beauty'; 'love is transitory but hate is eternal';
         'fugacious blossoms')

Super-classes Brief^c

TransientPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransientPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transient' in WordNet: 1. transient - (one who stays for only a short time; 'transient laborers')`
Super-classes	Wanderer^c

Transistor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transistor

Description

An electrical device used as a switch or to provide voltage or current amplification.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transistor' in WordNet:
          1. (1) transistor, junction transistor, electronic transistor -
              (a semiconductor device capable of amplification)

Super-classes ManufacturedGoods^c
ElectronicComponent^c

Transition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transition`
Description	An Event in which some Object goes from one state to another state, which includes into the next state in some normal or expected ordered sequence of states. There can be as few as two states, as long as they are in some common or expected time sequence. 'the transition from caterpillar to butterfly'. `This is for Events that occur between other Events; for the WN notion of passing from one place to another' the Event would be a ''BeingInaPlace'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transition' and sense 1 of 'passage' in WordNet: 1. (10) passage, transition - (the act of passing from one state or place to the next)`
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	precedes^op some EventType^c impliesPriorEventType^op some EventType^c
Sub-classes	LapsingIntoaState^c

Transitional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transitional

Description

An Event is ''Transitional'' when it imediately succeeds one Event and immediately precedes another Event. There may be some causational relation between the succeeding Events, but that is not a necessary element, and the relations between the Events is hard to specify for all uses of this concept. This is often used when the succeeeding Events are 'phases' of some development process.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transitional' in Wordnet:
        1. (3) transitional - (of or relating to or characterized by transition; 
          'adolescence is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TransitiveAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransitiveAction`
Description	A ''TransitiveAction'' is a ''Action'' with a grammatical subject and a direct object, and may have indirect objects or other aspects represented grammatically as dependent clauses.
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	ActingOnSomething^c

TransitiveEventType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransitiveEventType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of a transitive Event (an Action that has an 'agent' and a 'patient' role, something acted on) as two of their arguments. `NOTE: @@ToDo: WordNet often distinguishes the transitive and intransitive senses of verbs, but in COSMO both of those are sometimes conflated into one type (owl:Class). These need to be systematically distinguished, and there should be ObjectProperties (has TransitiveCorrelate/has IntransitiveCorrelate) to relate the two. Perhaps when 10,000 most frequent words have been added??`
Super-classes	ActionType^c
Members	Strengthening Acquainting VentingaFluid UploadingaFile CausingIllHealth ReplacingSomething Disabling Bluffing BelievingSomething Habituation BelievingaReligiousDoctrine AlarmingaPerson CausingAnAttributeChange Brightening NormalizingSomething AbsorptionEvent Accustoming Maiming DevelopingSomething NotWantingAnAction Unfastening Narrating BreakingaBone StartlingAnAnimal Whirling InvertingSomething Injuring TwirlingaBaton Wounding SpatteringaSubstance BluffingAtCards Perplexing Truncating FrighteningEvent DisorientingaPerson TargetingaWeapon CausingChange ConveningaGroup CausingaShapeChange StickingSomethingOutward Blotting DissolvingSomething ThrillingaPerson FillingSomeoneInOnaTopic Snitching ExtendingaBodyPart SuspendingaSubstance TransferringSomething Bruising Twirling SwitchingOneThingForAnother TransitiveAction Explicating Killing Examining SplittingInTwo HalvingSomething DevelopmentProcess OverworkingaSubordinate BlottingDry

TransitiveVerb^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransitiveVerb

Description

One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that denote both Processes and Events, and take a direct object. See also 'ActionOnObject' for the Event represented by a TransitiveVerb.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transitive verb' in WordNet:
       1. transitive verb, transitive verb form, transitive - (a verb (or verb construction) that requires an object in order to be grammatical)

Super-classes Verb^c

TranslatingLinguisticPhrases^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TranslatingLinguisticPhrases`
Description	'TranslatingLinguisticPhrases' is the act of listening to or reading linguistic phrases in one language, and creating linguistic phrases in a different language having the same meaning. This includes both creating written material (done by a 'Translator') and creating spoken material (done by an 'Interpreter'). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'translate' and sense 5 of 'interpret' in WordNet: 5. (1) translate, interpret, render - (restate (words) from one language into another language; 'I have to translate when my in-laws from Austria visit the U.S.'; 'Can you interpret the speech of the visiting dignitaries?'; 'She rendered the French poem into English'; 'He translates for the U.N.') WN noun 'translation': 1. (4) translation, interlingual rendition, rendering, version - (a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language)
Super-classes	UsingALanguage^c Rendering^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Translation^c
Sub-classes	TranslatingWrittenText^c TranslatingSpokenLanguage^c

TranslatingSpokenLanguage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TranslatingSpokenLanguage

Description

'TranslatingSpokenLanguage' is the act of listening to linguistic phrases in one language, and speaking linguistic phrases in a different language having the same meaning, for the benefit of a third party who does not fully understand the first language. The act of creating written material (done by a 'Translator') is represented as 'TranslatingWrittenText'

      Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'translate' and sense 5 of 'interpret' in WordNet:
         5. (1) translate, interpret, render - (restate (words) from one
           language into another language; 'I have to translate when my in-laws 
           from Austria visit the U.S.'; 'Can you interpret the speech of
           the visiting dignitaries?'; 'She rendered the French poem into English';
           'He translates for the U.N.')

Super-classes Speaking^c
TranslatingLinguisticPhrases^c

TranslatingWrittenText^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TranslatingWrittenText

Description

'TranslatingWrittenText' is the act of reading linguistic phrases in one language, and writing linguistic phrases in a different language having the same meaning, for the benefit of one or more third parties who does not fully understand the first language. The act of creating spoken material (done by an 'Interpreter') is represented as 'TranslatingSpokenLanguage'

      Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'translate' and sense 5 of 'interpret' in WordNet:
         5. (1) translate, interpret, render - (restate (words) from one
           language into another language; 'I have to translate when my in-laws 
           from Austria visit the U.S.'; 'Can you interpret the speech of
           the visiting dignitaries?'; 'She rendered the French poem into English';
           'He translates for the U.N.')

Super-classes TranslatingLinguisticPhrases^c
AdaptingSomething^c

Translation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translation`
Description	A 'Translation'' is an ''Adaptation'' that presents some linguistic material - spoken or written - in a different language from the original. `Includes but is broder than noun sense 1 of 'translation', (representing both spoken and written translations) in WordNet: 1. (4) translation, interlingual rendition, rendering, version - (a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language)`
Super-classes	Adaptation^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value TranslatingLinguisticPhrases^c

Translation-Complete^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translation-Complete`
Description	CYC: A collection of translational motion events; hence a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$Translation-Complete, the entire moving object (see #$objectMoving) moves from the place of origin (see #$fromLocation) to the destination (see #$toLocation). That is, the object completely leaves the origin and relocates to the destination. The moving object may be either a #$NonFluidlike object (e.g. a baseball) or a #$FluidTangibleThing all of which moves from one place to another (e.g. the gasoline used to fill a gas tank). Another example: a single molecule of water flowing from point A to point B in a river. Non-examples: a river flowing from A to B (the river itself is not relocated); a rubber band stretching. A borderline case: a spider spins a web, leaving part of itself, in effect, extended out behind it; in most contexts that would still be considered a #$Translation-Complete. Note that #$Translation-Complete is noncommittal as to whether net movement has occurred, so round-trip events qualify as complete translations (cf. #$Translation-LocationChange). `COSMO NOTE: the restriction ''hasEndingSubEvent'' requires an instance of ''ArrivingAtAPlace'' because the arrival implies a Presence at that place - important to grasp the meaning. See ''Translation-LocationChange'' for WN sense 2. (2) translation - (a uniform movement without rotation)`
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Restrictions	hasEndingSubEvent^op value ArrivingAtAPlace^c
Sub-classes	MovingTowardSomething^c CastingSomething^c GoingSomewhere^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c Translation-Periodic^c TransportationServiceEvent^c EnteringSomething^c

Translation-LocationChange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translation-LocationChange`
Description	COSMO note: a more specific subtype of this type is 'GoingSomewhere' in which an animal changes location to some specific new location. Cyc: A collection of translational motion events; thus a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$Translation-LocationChange, the moving object (see #$objectMoving) ends up in a different place than it started from: the destination (see #$toLocation) is not the same as the origin (see #$fromLocation). Thus, a round-trip travel event (see #$Translation-RoundTrip) is _not_ an instance of this collection. Cf. #$Translation-NoLocationChange. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'translation' in WordNet: 2. (2) translation - (a uniform movement without rotation)
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	MountingaHorse^c EnteringOrExitingSomething^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c Displacing^c MovingAwayFromSomething^c CrossingSomething^c Ascending^c LeavingaPlace^c VisitingSomeone^c Colliding^c UpliftingEvent^c PassingThroughOrBySomething^c FailingToCollide^c ExpellingaPerson^c MovingTowardSomething^c EmptyingEvent^c ArrivingAtAPlace^c VisitingaPlace^c Rushing^c Undermining^c GoingSomewhere^c AscendingEvent^c Meteor^c

Translation-MultiTrajectory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translation-MultiTrajectory`
Description	A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In any instance of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory, motion may occur simultaneously along two or more instances of #$Trajectory (which are not related by sub-trajectory relationships.) Therefore, there must be at least two #$objectMovings in such an event. There may be more than one #$fromLocation and/or more than one #$toLocation. Instances of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory include scattering, distributing, and collecting things. E.g., all of the following exhibit multi-trajectory translation movements: a rainshower or snowfall; an exploding firework; water being ejected from a sprinkling system; the surrounding objects being sucked up by a tornado; participants running a 100K footrace; pool balls during the opening break. For non-examples of this, see #$Translation-SingleTrajectory.
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Diffusing^c

Translation-Periodic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translation-Periodic`
Description	A specialization of both #$Movement-TranslationEvent and #$Movement-Periodic. Each instance of #$Translation-Periodic is a translational movement in which the moving object returns to a certain location repeatedly, and at more or less regular time intervals. Instances of #$Translation-Periodic include a ball bouncing in place and a planet revolving around a star. Note that a planet rotating on its axis or a top spinning in place would not count as an instance of #$Translation-Periodic, since these movements, although periodic, are rotations rather than translations.
Super-classes	Translation-Complete^c Movement-Periodic^c
Sub-classes	MovingInaLoop^c Oscillating^c Orbiting^c

Translation-SingleTrajectory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translation-SingleTrajectory`
Description	A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$Translation-SingleTrajectory is a translational movement that involves exactly one #$trajectory-Complete. One or more items might have the role of #$objectMoving in such an event. Note that although there is a single #$trajectory-Complete, it does not follow that there is a unique place in the role of #$fromLocation or #$toLocation because that depends on our descriptions of these locations. (E.g. the same single-trajectory movement can be described as from Texas to Pennsylvania, from Austin to Pittsburgh, or from northwest Austin to south Pittsburgh.) However, the single #$trajectory-Complete connects one from-location and one to-location. (Similarly, there may be a single existing #$motionPathway-Complete that the trajectory goes along, or a single #$Traversal of paths indicated by #$traverses-Complete.) Note that a translational motion performed by a whole #$Group is likely to be a #$Translation-SingleTrajectory; e.g. a flock of birds flying together or a snarl of rush-hour traffic on the Beltway. Non-examples include an opening break in a game of billiards and a group of water droplets coming together into one big drop. Contrast with #$Translation-MultiTrajectory.
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	LocomotionEvent^c CrossingAnOcean^c CrossingAGap^c PuttingSomethingIntoStorage^c MovingBetweenThings^c TransportationServiceEvent^c CrossingABorder^c ProcessionEvent^c Skateboarding^c MovingApart^c PassingThroughOrBySomething^c

TranslationAlongASurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TranslationAlongASurface`
Description	CYC: A collection of processes. In instances of #$TranslationAlongASurface an #$objectMoving is moving along a #$motionPathway-Complete in contact with a liquid or solid surface. The #$objectMoving crosses [see #$trajectoryPassesThrough] the #$Perimeter of any #$toLocation or #$fromLocation that is a #$Surface-Open.
Super-classes	Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Skiing^c KiteSurfing^c MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c Locomotion-SolidSurface^c Skateboarding^c Skating^c ZigZagging^c RollingEvent^c

Translator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translator`
Description	A person whose task it is to translate written language from one language to another. The difference between Translator and Interpreter is one of concentration - an Interpreter mostly converts spoken language in real time, a Translator mostly converts written language. See 'Interpreter'. `This type is a subtype of 'PersonWithOccupation' but one who casually translates material, not for a fee, is also a 'Translator' in that Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'translator' in WordNet: 1. translator, transcriber - (a person who translates written messages from one language to another)`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some TranslatingWrittenText^c

Translocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translocation`
Description	COSMO note: this is for complete changes of location; for the more general sense of 'motion' or changes of orientation, or changes of location of a part of an object (e.g. moving one's hand), use the more general 'Motion'. This is a ''Motion'' in which the moving Object changes its location SUMO: Translocation is that class of Motions in which an object moves from one place to another. In the case of round trips, the origin and destination are the same, but the intervening motion passes through other locations. Translocation represents linear motion, in contrast to rotation or other movement in place. A vehicle is not necessary; Ambulating is a kind of Translocation. Cyc comment: A subcollection of #$MovementEvent. Each instance of #$Translocation is a movement across a distance; thus there is both a location that it is a movement from (see #$fromLocation) and a location that it is a movement to (see #$toLocation). (These two locations might or might not be distinct, considering round-trips.) Note that instances of #$Translocation might or might not involve a salient moving object (see #$objectMoving); for those that do see the specialization #$Movement-TranslationEvent; for some that don't see #$WavePropagation. @ToDo the relation of this Event to 'DistanceTravelled' Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'motion' , noun sense 4 of 'move' and verb sense 1 of 'move' in WordNet: WN 'motion' 6. (1) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') WN noun 'move': 4. (30) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') WN verb 'move' 1. (343) travel, go, move, locomote - (change location; move, travel, or proceed; 'How fast does your new car go?'; 'We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus'; 'The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect'; 'The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell') WN noun 'change of location': 1. change of location, travel - (a movement through space that changes the location of something)
Super-classes	Motion^c GeneralizedTransfer^c
Sub-classes	Relaying^c Relocating^c MilitaryExpedition^c Landing^c Flow^c ChangeOfResidence^c PerpetuatingSomething^c Progression^c ComingTogether^c MotionDownward^c Reorienting^c GoingSomewhere^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c AnglingMotion^c BackwardMotion^c TransportationEvent^c CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c ContinueMoving^c Trundling^c Hurtling^c Radiation^c ForwardMotion^c WavePropagationEvent^c MilitaryInvasion^c

Translucent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Translucent`
Description	Between ''Transparent'' and ''Opaque'' - can't recognize objects through a translucent object, though one might see some outline. In CYC this is an Object: #$Translucent is an #$ObjectTypeByTransparency representing the all the degrees of transparency between #$Opaque and #$Transparent. Translucent objects can transmit light, but not enough to see clear images. When possible, avoid making assertions directly on #$Translucent - use its five specs instead. See #$ObjectTypeByTransparency and #$transparencyOfObject for more information. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'translucent' in WordNet: 1. (2) translucent, semitransparent - (almost transparent; allowing light to pass through diffusely; 'translucent amber'; 'semitransparent curtains at the windows')
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	CreamColored^c

Transmission^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transmission`
Description	The Act of ''Transmission'' is a ''Conveying-Stationary'' in which the Device supporting the conveying Action is a ''TransmissionLine'', a ''CordLikeObject'' that is very long and thin, and is capable of 'conducting' through a solid medium, such as an electrcal conductor (for electric power or signals), or a transparent medium such as some form of glass for ''Transmission'' of light waves or ''Information'' signals''. A similar form of transmisson (for light waves) might occur hrough a hollow tube with reflective inside surfaces but that is not included in this type. A short path within a Device such as an electrical path inside a computer is not included - the ''TransmissionLine'' must connect two devices separated by at least a few feet.
Super-classes	Conveying-Stationary^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value TransmissionLine^c
Sub-classes	TransmittingInformation^c

TransmissionLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransmissionLine`
Description	A ''TransmissionLine'' is a ''CordlikeObject'' that is a ''Device' designed to support ''Transmission'' of power or signals. `For Power transmission use ''PowerTransmissionLine''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'transmission line' (for power transmission) in WordNet: 1. cable, line, transmission line - (a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power)`
Super-classes	StringOrLine^c CordlikeObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Transmission^c
Sub-classes	FiberOpticCable^c PowerLine^c

TransmittedRadioSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransmittedRadioSignal`
Description	A ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' is a RadioWave that carries a ''Signal'' (information) that is produced by an event of ''RadioSignalTransmission'' caused by in which some Device `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'output' in WordNet: 3. (1) output signal, output - (signal that comes out of an electronic system)`
Super-classes	RadioWave^c ElectricalSignal^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value RadioSignalTransmission^c hasInformationContent^op some InformationObject^c
Sub-classes	VideoSignal^c AudioSignal^c

Transmitter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transmitter`
Description	Device used for transmitting radio or TV signals. `This is a specialization of 'RadioWaveTransmittingDevice' that is used for regular transmissions from fixed locations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transmitter' in Wordnet: 3. transmitter, sender - (set used to broadcast radio or tv signals)`
Super-classes	WirelessCommunicationDevice^c ElectronicComponent^c RadioWaveTransmittingDevice^c
Sub-classes	TVTransmitter^c

TransmittingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransmittingDevice`
Description	A Device that enables transmission of energy or information or force but does not generate nor substantially consume that energy or force (other than through undesired friction or electrical resistance or dampening of signal intensity within the TransmittingDevice) `Thus a 'transmitter' is a form of 'Path' - for power, force, electromagnetic waves or electrical energy..`
Super-classes	Device^c Path-Simple^c
Sub-classes	NetworkRouter^c PowerShaft^c

TransmittingForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransmittingForce`
Description	The Act of ''TransmittingForce'' is a ''Transmission'' where the thing transmitted is mechanical ''Force'', and as a consequence,, also transmitting ''Motion''. `This action is performed by rods or shafts that can transmit rectiliner or rotating motion. The object transmitting the force does not itself produce the force.`
Super-classes	Conveying-Stationary^c ForceTransmissionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Force^c hadThingTransferred^op value Motion^c

TransmittingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransmittingInformation`
Description	''TransmittingInformation'' is an act of ''Transmission'' in which ''Information' in some form is transmitted over a ''TransmissionLine'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'transmission' in WordNet: 2. (2) transmission - (communication by means of transmitted signals)`
Super-classes	Transmission^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Information^c
Sub-classes	FiberOptics^c

TransmittingaComputerInstruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransmittingaComputerInstruction`
Description	Each 'TransmittingaComputerInstruction' is a specialized. Action that occurs in the course of execution of a ''ComputerProgram'' (the abstract set of instructions), i.e. in a ''ComputerProgramExecution''.
Super-classes	Ordering^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op some ComputerProgramExecution^c

Transoceanic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transoceanic`
Description	`Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'transoceanic' (includes things existing on both side of the Atlantic) in Wordnet: 1. transoceanic - (on or from the other side of an ocean; 'transoceanic crossing')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Transatlantic^c

Transparency^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transparency

Description

A ''Transparency'' is a ''Picture'' that is embedded onto and thus contained in a thin sheet of otherwise transparent material (glass or plastic), that can be used to view the contained image in one of several ways that depend on white or near-white light coming from behind the ''Transparency'' and seen as an image by direct viewing or by projection onto a flat (white or near white) screen, in either case requiring some knd of optical device to focus the light waves coming from the ''Transparency''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'transparency' in WordNet:
         3. foil, transparency - (picture consisting of a positive photograph or drawing 
             on a transparent base; viewed with a projector)

Super-classes SheetOfSomeStuff^c
HumanAccessibleIBO^c
DurableGood^c
Picture^c

Transparent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transparent`
Description	$Transparent is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Transparent objects transmit enough light to see clear images. See also #$transparencyOfObject. NOTE that to be Transparent does not mean that an object or substance has to be 'Colorless', just that the intensity of color, if any, is not enough to block viewing objects thropiugh some common thickness, e..g through a pane of glass, or through a drinking glass full of water. Even water has some color - large boides have a bluish tint. In thin enough sections, even 'opauqe' things can appear 'transparent' - one can see things through them - but to be 'Transparent' in the sense of this Type, an object or substance needs to be able to pass enough undispersed light through a thickness of 20 cm, that object can be clearly discerned on the other side. Thus the typical amber beer is 'Transparent', but near the borderline. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transparent' and adjective senses 7 and 11 and 13 of 'clear' in WordNet: 1. (5) crystalline, crystal clear, limpid, lucid, pellucid, transparent - (transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity; 'the cold crystalline water of melted snow'; 'crystal clear skies'; 'could see the sand on the bottom of the limpid pool'; 'lucid air'; 'a pellucid brook'; 'transparent crystal') WN adjective 'clear': 7. (1) clean, clear, light, unclouded - ((of sound or color) free from anything that dulls or dims; 'efforts to obtain a clean bass in orchestral recordings'; 'clear laughter like a waterfall'; 'clear reds and blues'; 'a light lilting voice like a silver bell') 11. clear - (free from clouds or mist or haze; 'on a clear day') 13. clear - (free from flaw or blemish or impurity; 'a clear perfect diamond')
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Colorless^c

TransparentObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransparentObject`
Description	COSMO note: this and Object that is transparent. `Cyc comment: #$Transparent is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Transparent objects transmit enough light to see clear images. See also #$transparencyOfObject.`
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value Transparent^c
Sub-classes	OpticalPrism^c TransparentPlate^c Lens-Artificial^c Lens^c

TransparentPlate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransparentPlate`
Description	A ''TransparentPlate'' is a 'Rigid'' sheet of glass or plastic or other material that is transparent.
Super-classes	TransparentObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c RigidObject^c SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	WindowPane^c

Transpiration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transpiration`
Description	''Transpiration'' is the Action of a ''Plant'' that emits vapors such as ''WaterVapor'' (and/or ''CarbonDioxide'' or ''Oxygen?) through its leaves. RHW noun 'transpiration' 2. Bot. the passage of water through a plant from the roots through the vascular system to the atmosphere. NOTE: RHW verb 'transpire' includes the broader sense of emitting vapors from bodies other than ''Plant''s 2. to emit or give off waste matter, watery vapor, etc., through the surface, as of the body or of leaves. The broader sense may need a parent type (this could be 'PlantTranspiration'). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'transpire' in WordNet: 2. transpire - (exude water vapor; "plants transpire") WN noun 'transpiration': 3. transpiration - (the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants)
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value AmbientAirObject^c hadEmittedThing^op value WaterVapor^c hasStartingPlace^op value Leaf^c

Transplanting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transplanting`
Description	''Transplanting'' is the Action of moving some ''PhysicalObject'' from one location to another. The subtypes are more specific for transplanting Plants or body organs. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'transplant' in WordNet: 3. transplant, transplantation, transplanting - (the act of removing something from one location and introducing it in another location; 'the transplant did not flower until the second year'; 'too frequent transplanting is not good for families'; 'she returned to Alabama because she could not bear transplantation') WN verb 'transplant': 4. transfer, transpose, transplant - (transfer from one place or period to another; "The ancient Greek story was transplanted into Modern America")
Super-classes	CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	TransplantingaPlant^c TransplantingaBodyOrgan^c

TransplantingaBodyOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransplantingaBodyOrgan`
Description	''TransplantingaBodyOrgan'' is the transfer of an ''AnimalBodyPart'' from one organism to another. `Includes verb senses 3 and noun sense 2 of 'transplant' in WordNet: 3. transplant, graft - (place the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient) WN noun 'transplant': 2. transplant, transplantation, organ transplant - (an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient); 'he had a kidney transplant'; 'the long-term results of cardiac transplantation are now excellent'; 'a child had a multiple organ transplant two months ago')`
Super-classes	Transplanting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (AnimalBodyPart^c or AnimalBodyPartType^c)

TransplantingaPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransplantingaPlant`
Description	''TransplantingaPlant'' is the ''Transplanting'' of a ''Plant'' from one location in the ground, or in some container containing a growth medium such as ''Soil'' or some artificial 'soil' to another location, typically in Soil. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transplant' in WordNet: 1. (3) transplant, transfer - (lift and reset in another soil or situation; 'Transplant the young rice plants')`
Super-classes	Transplanting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (Plant^c or PlantType^c)

Transponder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transponder`
Description	A device that automatically sends a radio wave signal in response to a signal being sent to it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transponder' in Wordnet: 1. transponder - (electrical device designed to receive a specific signal and automatically transmit a specific reply)`
Super-classes	RadioReceiver^c RadioWaveTransmittingDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Automatic^c

TransportFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportFacility`
Description	$TransportFacility is a specialization of `#$ConstructionArtifact and #$InfrastructureProduct. Each instance of #$TransportFacility is a structure built and used by human beings for the purpose of transportation of people, livestock or goods, or for associated support services.`
Super-classes	InfrastructureProduct^c Facility-Generic^c ConstructionArtifact^c
Sub-classes	BusStation^c GasPipeline^c Dock^c Airport-Physical^c PortFacility^c Bridge^c SubwayStation^c StoppingPlace^c MainPipeline^c RailroadStation^c

TransportablePlatform^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportablePlatform`
Description	A ''TransportablePlatform'' is a ''Platform'' designed to support something and to be carried together with the Objects it supports. The common ''Pallet'' used to be carried by a ''Forklift'' to transport loads of materials is a common example, and the platforms used to move cargo from a loading dock onto a ship supported by lines from an overhead crane are another, but this type includes the possibility that other similar ''Platform''s may be used in a similar manner.
Super-classes	Platform^c TransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op some TransportationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Pallet^c

TransportationCompany^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationCompany`
Description	COSMO note: a 'TransportationCompany' can be commercial or governmental (such as the PostOffice, or any department that specializes in providing transportation services). Cyc: A specialization of both #$TransportationOrganization and #$ServiceOrganization. Each instance of #$TransportationCompany is an organization that provide transportation (of goods or persons) to customers for a fee. Specializations of #$TransportationCompany include the collections #$ShippingOrganization and #$AirlineCompany. SUMO: Any Corporation whose services include Transportation, e.g. a RailroadCompany, an airline, a cruise ship line, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transportation company' in WordNet: 1. transportation company - (a company providing transportation)
Super-classes	ServiceOrganization^c TransportationOrganization^c
Sub-classes	CommonCarrier^c

TransportationConductor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationConductor`
Description	This includes women. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 4. (1) conductor - (the person who collects fares on a public conveyance)
Super-classes	FeeCollector^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value CommonCarrier^c
Sub-classes	RailroadConductor^c

TransportationContainerProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationContainerProduct`
Description	$TransportationContainerProduct is a `specialization of #$ContainerProduct and #$Conveyance. Each instance of #$TransportationContainerProduct is a container in which the primary function is to transport substances or objects. A few examples are #$Luggage, #$BabyCarrier, and #$Trailer. Small personal containers such as Purses are also included.`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c SupportingConveyance^c
Sub-classes	Train-TransportationDevice^c PackagingBox^c Wheelbarrow^c Wagon^c Hovercraft^c Barge^c PortableCarrier^c Elevator^c Blimp^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c Trailer^c

TransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationDevice`
Description	A specialization of both #$Conveyance and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$TransportationDevice is an artifact designed to move an object from one location to another, by (for example) carrying, pulling, or pushing the transported object. Instances of this collection may or may not have their own power source (see #$SelfPoweredDevice). Those that do, such as automobiles and speedboats, constitute the specialization #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Other transportation devices (for example, instances of #$Wheelbarrow or #$Bicycle) require an external motive force. Because #$transporter and #$transportees are specializations of #$objectMoving, it follows that any object in the role of #$transporter moves as a whole with those objects playing the role of #$transportees. Consequently, since any instance of #$TransportationDevice has playing the role of #$transporter as its intended function, stationary objects which cause motion, such as conveyor belts, escalators, rocket launchers, and slingshots, are excluded from the collection #$TransportationDevice. Although they facilitate travel, ice skates, shoes, skis and other instances of #$WearableConveyance are also excluded from the collection #$TransportationDevice, since they are devices which are worn rather than ridden on, ridden with, or ridden in. NOTE that this type of device is designed to be used in transporting PhysicalObjects, but it does not itself have to carry those physical objects; it can beused (as a ''Tractor'') is to tow another wheeled device that actually carries the objects to be transported. SUMO: A TransportationDevice is a Device which serves as the instrument in a Transportation Process which carries the patient of the Process from one point to another. COSMO note: In SUMO, an Oar was a subtype of TransportationDevice, but in COSMO that was not adopted. COSMO adopts the Cyc usage that a TransportationDEvice must be ridden in, ridden on, or ridden with. An Oar is an accessory part of a boat, not a TransportationDevice in itself. A TransportationDevice should have an unambiguous front and back - the front is the direction in which the transportation device typically moves. For devices that can move in either direction with equal facility, the 'front' may be designated arbitrarily, by some distinctive criterion. This provides a reference direction with which an 'orientation' can be described.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c FrontAndBackSidedObject^c SupportingConveyance^c Device^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTransport^op value PhysicalObject^c enablesOrAssists^op value TransportationEvent^c
Sub-classes	Pallet^c TransportationDevice-Unmanned^c LandTransportationDevice^c Platform-Military^c RocketPropelledTransportationDevice^c TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c Watercraft^c ShipOrTrain^c AirTransportationDevice^c IntraBuildingTransportationDevice^c MaterialTransporter^c TransportablePlatform^c
In domain of	wasaTransporterInEvent^op
In range of	usedTransportationDevice^op

TransportationDevice-Unmanned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationDevice-Unmanned`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$TransportationDevices that can operate without a driver (see #$driverActor) actually being in or on the device. Examples include drone aircraft operated by remote control and #$WeatherBalloons.
Super-classes	TransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice^c UnmannedAircraft^c

TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationDevice-Vehicle`
Description	$TransportationDevice-Vehicle is a specialization of both #$TransportationDevice and #$SelfPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle is a transportation device that moves under its own power. Examples include jet airplanes and automobiles; non-examples include skateboards, gliders, and rowboats. Note that hand-pushed power lawnmowers, even though they are #$SelfPoweredDevices, are not instances of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, since they must be pushed in order to remain in motion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vehicle' in WordNet: 1. (9) vehicle - (a conveyance that transports people or objects)
Super-classes	Carrier^c SelfPoweredDevice^c TransportationDevice^c DurableArtifact^c TransportationContainerProduct^c Device-UserControlled^c
Sub-classes	LandTransportationVehicle^c Train-TransportationDevice^c EmergencyVehicle^c Aircraft^c Spacecraft^c Rocket^c MilitaryVehicle^c WaterTransportationVehicle^c MovingTransportationDevice^c Spaceship^c Blimp^c PublicTransportationDevice^c
In domain of	hasCurrentDestination^op hasEstimatedTimeOfArrival^op

TransportationDeviceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationDeviceType`
Description	TransportationDeviceType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations involving TransportationDevices.
Super-classes	DeviceType^c
Members	Galleon GalleyOar Cruiser ContainerShip RacingShell Barge Battleship ConstructionVehicle Flagship Tank Motorcycle ModernNavalShip Galley Submarine-Military PassengerTrain PassengerLiner ArmoredVehicle RacingBoat TransportationDevice OilTanker PassengerBoat Destroyer FishingBoat Dinghy Automobile MilitaryWatercraft LandTransportationVehicle Train-TransportationDevice Watercraft Warplane Frigate Scull Streetcar Truck MovingTrain Hovercraft SeaworthyBoat Jeep-Military Gig-Boat WaterTransportationVehicle FourWheelDriveVehicle Dredge HouseBoat ScullOar Watercraft-Surface RecreationalVehicle RoadVehicle ArmoredVehicle-Heavy Rocket Ferry FreightTrain SailingShip TrackedVehicle Watercraft-Small Boat Raft Dreadnought Cutter-NavalWatercraft Blimp MonorailTrain Aircraft MilitaryVehicle Excavator Bus LongOar Watercraft-Subsurface Trawler Rowboat Submarine Frigate-SailingShip Ambulance Jeep Dredging TractorTrailer CargoShip LifeBoat AbandonedShip TransportationDevice-Vehicle NavalOiler Snowplow ArmoredVehicle-Light Tractor Bulldozer Sailboat Gondola EarthMovingVehicle MilitaryVessel

TransportationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationEvent`
Description	An Event in which some physical object is moved from one location to another by means of a TransportationDevice. Named TransportationEvent[Cyc] and Transportation[SUMO] SUMO: Motion from one point to another by means of a TransportationDevice. OpenCyc: A specialization of both #$Conveying-Generic and #$Translation-Complete, instances of which are events in which one or more objects transport one or more other objects. Each instance of #$TransportationEvent is an event in which an object (in the role of #$transporter) aids in the translational movement of another object (having the role of #$transportees), so that both objects move together along the same complete pathway (see #$motionPathway-Complete). Optionally, one of these objects, or some third object moving along with them, provides the force to make the movement happen (see #$providerOfMotiveForce). Examples of transportation events include automobile transportation, riding a bicycle, dogs pulling goods on a sled, a wagon with groceries rolling down a hill, a person carrying clothes in a suitcase, etc. In that last case, note that the #$transporter is the suitcase, not the person. Note that the transporter in a transportation event need not be in motion relative to its destination throughout the transportation event; an automobile transportation is a single transportation event even if it has sub-events in which the driver and all of the passengers disembark while the car is parked and refueled. A single transportation event may also have more than one transporter. For example, a sofa may be transported across a living room floor by two people working together. Events which are _not_ #$TransportationEvents include a river conveying some flotsam, the wind blowing a leaf, a conveyor belt moving a widget to the next person on an assembly line, or a walking beast of burden that is carrying nothing. The first three of these negative examples are instances of #$Conveying-Stationary, since the would-be #$transporter doesn't actually change its overall location (see #$conveyor-Stationary); in the fourth case the unburdened beast has no #$transportees and the event is an instance of #$AnimalWalkingProcess. Includes noun senses 2 and 5 of 'transportation' and verb sense 1 and 2 of 'transport' and verb senses 1 of 'ship' in Wordnet: 2. (5) transportation, transfer, transferral, conveyance - (the act of moving something from one location to another) 5. transportation, shipping, transport - (the commercial enterprise of moving goods and materials) WN verb 'transport': 4. transport, send, ship - (transport commercially)
Super-classes	Translocation^c Conveying-Generic^c
Restrictions	usedTransportationDevice^op some TransportationDevice^c hadTransportedObject^op some (Cargo^c or PhysicalObject^c or Person^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	Resettlement^c Carrying^c Smuggling^c TransportationServiceEvent^c SpaceTransportationEvent^c ConveyingMaterials^c Relocation^c Skateboarding^c AirTransportationEvent^c
In domain of	usedTransportationDevice^op
In range of	wasaTransporterInEvent^op

TransportationOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationOrganization`
Description	Each instance of #$TransportationOrganization is an #$Organization that is primarily or significantly engaged in the #$TransportationIndustry or whose activities focus on that industry (whether or not the #$Organizations actually provide transportation services). Examples of specializations of #$TransportationOrganization include #$AutoDealership, #$RailwayOrganization and #$TaxiCompany. Both #$UnitedAirlines and #$USDepartmentOfTransportation are instances of #$TransportationOrganizations.
Super-classes	ServiceOrganization^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value TransportationServiceEvent^c
Sub-classes	AutoDealer^c TransportationCompany^c ShippingOrganization^c

TransportationPathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationPathSystem`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$PathSystem instances of which are systems of spatial paths used for transportation. Examples include a country's rail system, a state's highway system, and the system of hiking trails in a given national park.
Super-classes	Path-Physical^c SpatialPathSystem^c
Sub-classes	LandVehiclePathSystem^c

TransportationServiceEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TransportationServiceEvent`
Description	An Event consisting of some Agent transporting people or other objects on behalf of another Agent.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shipping' in WordNet: 3. (1) transportation, shipping, transport - (the commercial enterprise of moving goods and materials)`
Super-classes	ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c Translation-Complete^c SendingSomething^c TransportationEvent^c Translation-SingleTrajectory^c ServiceEvent^c ConveyingMaterials^c
Sub-classes	RidingAsAPassenger^c CarryingLuggage^c CarryingFreight^c CarryingPassengers^c Navigation^c DeliveringMail^c Shipping^c

Transubstantiation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Transubstantiation

Description

''Transubstantiation'' is a ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' in the beliefs of the Catholic Church. representing the hange of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ, performed in the sacrament of the ''HolyEucharist'' (which see).

       (the act of changing from one use or function
        (the action of changing something

       transubstantiation

Super-classes PhysicalTransformationEvent^c

TrapDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrapDevice`
Description	A class of devices whose main use is to capture animals, alive or dead. NOTE that the ''Bait'' that may be used as a ''Lure'' in a ''TrapDevice'' is not considered as part of the ''TrapDevice'' itself. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trap' in WordNet: 1. (4) trap - (a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value Trapping^c
Sub-classes	FishingNet^c NetTrap^c MouseTrap^c SpiderWeb^c BoobyTrap^c

Trapezoid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trapezoid

Description

A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Quadrilateral (q.v.). This is the collection of all trapezoid-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$Trapezoid is a four-sided polygon with exactly two parallel sides.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trapezoid' in WordNet:
          1. trapezoid - (a quadrilateral with two parallel sides)

Super-classes Quadrilateral^c

TrappedFeeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrappedFeeling`
Description	Unpleasant emotion associated with situations in which a person feels unduly constrained in behavior or otherwise pressured or controlled by others. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c

Trapping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trapping`
Description	'Trapping'. is an Action that uses a TrapDevice for the purpose of trying to capture an Animal. NOTE that an Action is 'trapping' even if it does not result in capturing anything; this is the attempt at capturing with a trap; a successful ''Trapping'' would be a ''Capturing'' Event. NOTE: this does not include the more abstract notion of 'trapping' by making clever arguments in a debate to ensnare an opponent, or causing an opponent to fall into a 'trap' in a sports contest. The thing intended to be trapped should be specified by the ''hasIntendedResultOrProduct'' relation. The thing acquired would be specified by the relation ''resultsInAcquisitionOf'' if all ''Trapping'' actions resulted in a ''Catch'', but no all do. See ''Catch'' for the use of the inverse relation ''wasAcquiredInEvent''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'trap' in WordNet: 2. (2) trap, entrap, snare, ensnare, trammel - (catch in or as if in a trap; 'The men trap foxes')
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c AttemptingActivity^c TrappingOrPursuing^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op some (Catch^c or ObjectType^c) hasAttemptedAction^op value Capturing^c requiredInstrument^op value TrapDevice^c
Sub-classes	TrappingMice^c

TrappingMice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrappingMice`
Description	''TrappingMice''. is a ''Trapping'' Action that uses a ''MouseTrap'' for the purpose of trying to capture one or more '''Mouse''s. This is for the action that catches a ''Mouse'' dead or alive.
Super-classes	Trapping^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value MouseTrap^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value Mouse^c

TrappingOrPursuing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrappingOrPursuing`
Description	This class was created to be in effect the union of 'Trapping' and 'Pursuing". It serves as the value for the restriction on the class 'Capturing'. This was necessary because the Protege reasoner apparently has difficulty processing such restriction values that are defined as a union of classes. `?Add ''Finding-Generic'' to round out use of ''SearchingType''?`
Super-classes	AttemptingActivity^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Sub-classes	Pursuing^c Trapping^c

Trappings^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trappings

Description

This sense of ''Trappings'' is for clothing accessories. For 'furnishings' being furniture and other home-making amenities, use ''Furnishings'.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trappings' in WordNet:
           1. furnishing, trappings - ((usually plural) accessory wearing apparel)

Super-classes ClothingAccessory^c

Trash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trash`
Description	Any mostly solid material (a PhysicalSubstance) considered worthless and ready to be disposed of. Also called 'Garbage' and 'Refuse' and 'Waste'; this is the most general type of waste, there is no restriction on the type of material included, other than that it must have the character of a substance - not an individual item - and be solid (but can have some - less than 50% - of liquid mixed in, provided that it does not flow like a liquid). An individual worthless item can be considered as a 'PieceOfTrash'. NOTE that the word 'garbage' is included as a label, though there is no WordNet sense that has the same general meaning as this type; COSMO 'Garbage' is a subtype that includes food waste. Wordnet also has 'scrap' as a label, though COSMO 'Scrap' is a subtype for material that is recyclable. Includes sense 2 of 'garbage' and sense 1 of 'trash' from RHW RHW 'garbage': 2. any matter that is no longer wanted or needed; trash. RHW 'trash' 1. anything worthless, useless, or discarded; rubbish. Includes noun sense 1 of 'waste', sense 1 of 'trash', and sense 1 of 'rubbish', and noun sense 2 of 'scrap' in WordNet: WN noun 'rubbish': 1. (1) rubbish, trash, scrap - (worthless material that is to be disposed of) WN noun 'waste': 1. (6) waste, waste material, waste matter, waste product - (any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted; 'they collect the waste once a week'; 'much of the waste material is carried off in the sewers')
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c Waste^c
Restrictions	hasUnitObject^op value PieceOfTrash^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Discarded^c
Sub-classes	ScrapIron^c Scrap^c Garbage^c

TrashBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrashBag`
Description	CYC: The collection of trash bags.
Super-classes	PlasticBag^c DisposableProduct^c PortableObject^c TrashContainer^c

TrashBucket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrashBucket`
Description	A 'TrashBucket' is a 'Bucket' that is designed to contain small quantities of 'Trash' (as a substance) or 'TrashItems' (as a Group of objects). It is typically used indoors, and is a temporary location for trash until it is put into a larger 'GarbageCan' for pickup. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'wastebasket' and part of sense 1 of 'bucket' and part of sense 1 of 'pail' in WordNet: 1. (2) bucket, pail - (a roughly cylindrical vessel that is open at the top) WN 'wastebasket': 1. (3) wastepaper basket, waste-paper basket, wastebasket, waste basket, circular file - (a container with an open top; for discarded paper and other rubbish)`
Super-classes	TrashContainer^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value TrashItems^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value IndoorLocation^c
Sub-classes	Wastebasket^c

TrashContainer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrashContainer`
Description	Containers used to hold garbage or waste material, indoors or outdoors. The larger containers used for pickup by public disposal service outside may be best represented by the subtype ''GarbageCan''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trash can' in WordNet: 1. ashcan, trash can, garbage can, wastebin, ash bin, ash-bin, ashbin, dustbin, trash barrel, trash bin - (a bin that holds rubbish until it is collected)`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Trash^c
Sub-classes	TrashBag^c GarbageCan^c TrashBucket^c

TrashItems^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrashItems`
Description	Each 'TrashItems' is a Group of 'SolidObject's, each of which is a 'PieceOfTrash'. This is closely similar to 'Trash', but 'the term Trash' is used in COSMO as a substance label, whereas 'TrashItems' is an Object (ObjectGroup). A subtype is ''Debris'' (Rubble) which is not necessarily something discarded, as it could come from descructive Events such as an earthquake; so this is not exclusivey for discarded objects.. 'Trash' is used to represent the mass noun 'trash' and 'TrashItems' is used where a group of TrashItems should be treated as an ObjectGroup. This type can also be refered to as 'junk', as in RHW senses 1 and 2 of 'junk': 1. any old or discarded material, as metal, paper, or rags. 2. anything that is regarded as worthless, meaningless, or contemptible; trash. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trash' andpart of noun sense 1 of 'junk' in WordNet: 1. rubbish, trash, scrap - (worthless material that is to be disposed of) WN noun 'junk': 1. (1) debris, dust, junk, rubble, detritus - (the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up)
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c SolidObject^c WorthlessThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PieceOfTrash^c
Sub-classes	PileOfRubble^c

Trauma^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trauma`
Description	'Trauma' is a PhysiologicalCondition in which an Animal is aware of its surroundings and can respond to external stimuli by means of thought processes in the brain. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trauma' in WordNet: 2. trauma, psychic trauma - (an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects)`
Super-classes	MentalState^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op some IntentionalAgent^c isCausedBy^op value Traumatizing^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Traumatized^c

Traumatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traumatic

Description

Highly stressful.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'traumatic' in Wordnet:
          2. traumatic - (psychologically painful;
               'few experiences are more traumatic than losing a child';)

Super-classes Stressful^c

Traumatized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traumatized

Description

'Traumatized' is the state of an ''Animal'' (usually Person) that is suffering ''Trauma'' from having experienced ''Taumatizing''.

       'No  WN sense for 'traumatized

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Damaged^c

Traumatizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traumatizing`
Description	''Traumatizing'' is a subtype of ''IncurringDamage'' that is not necessarily an incuring of ''IncurringPhysicalDamage'' (although this may be caused by physical damage). `WN has only the transitive sense in its gloss, but this type covers bith transitive and intransitive (which may be differentiated). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traumatize' in WordNet: 1. traumatize, traumatise, shock - (inflict a trauma upon)`
Super-classes	DamagingEvent^c AnimalActivity^c IncurringDamage^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Traumatized^c causes^op value Trauma^c hadDamagedObject^op some Animal^c

Travel-TripEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Travel-TripEvent`
Description	COSMO: 'Travel-TripEvent' is the type including all events in which one or more people go, by any means of conveyance, or (only if the distance requires more than one day to complete, involving an overnight stay) on foot, from a base point (not necessarily their home) to some destination, for any purpose. This includes one-way and round-trip traveling. In an extended journey, there may be multiple subevents which also constitute a 'Travel-TripEvent'. Subtypes (not yet represented - v753) will include one-way and round-trip journeys. The mere process of travelling for some short distance is not included unless there is an origina and destination and a distance not easily travelled on foot in under an hour. For riding things, for any period of time, whether or not any significant distance is covered, use 'Riding'. @ToDo: NOTE: this includes 'round trip' and one-way trips, but 'round trip' could be made a distinct subtype. Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction and #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$Travel-TripEvent is an event in which a person or a group of people prepares for a trip, boards a conveyance, travels on the conveyance, and disembarks the conveyance. For somewhat more complex events that involve repeating that procedure on a return leg, see the specialization #$Travel-RoundTripEvent. 'Travel-TripEvent' corresponds to both the verb and noun senses of 'journey' as well as the verb sense of 'travel'. NOTE: none of the WordNet senses of traveling are specifically for short trips, so the word labels are the same as for the more general 'TakingaTrip'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'journey' and verb sense 1 of 'journey' and noun sense 1 of 'travel', and noun sense 1 of 'trip', and includes verb senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'travel' in WordNet. Verb sense 5 of 'travel' in WordNet is the more general sense that can include any kind of intentional translocation of a person from place to place. in WordNet: WN 'journey' noun: 1. (17) journey, journeying - (the act of traveling from one place to another) WN 'journey' verb: 1. (1) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) WN 'travel' noun: 1. (7) travel, traveling, travelling - (the act of going from one place to another; 'he enjoyed selling but he hated the travel') WN 'travel' verb: 2. (9) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) 3. (3) travel, trip, jaunt - (make a trip for pleasure) WN The more general 'travel' is included, as a parent type: 5. (1) travel - (undergo transportation as in a vehicle; 'We travelled North on Rte. 508') WN 'trip' noun: 1. (659) trip - (a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); 'he took a trip to the shopping center')
Super-classes	TakingaTrip^c
Sub-classes	FlightViaAirTransportationDevice^c Outing^c RoundTrip^c TravelingWidely^c LongJourney^c WaterTravel^c SightSeeing^c Pilgrimage^c

TravelCircuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TravelCircuit`
Description	A ''TravelCircuit'' is a Route consisting of a series Locations many or most of which are visited by a Person or Group for any purpose. Such a Route is usually called a ''Circuit' if it is commonly used by People or Groups of a specific type, or visited for a specific purpose. `The term 'circuit court' originated in judges traveling over a certain circuit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circuit' in WordNet: 3. circuit - (an established itinerary of venues or events that a particular group of people travel to; 'she's a familiar name on the club circuit'; 'on the lecture circuit'; 'the judge makes a circuit of the courts in his district'; 'the international tennis circuit')`
Super-classes	Route^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Ground^c

TravelPlan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TravelPlan`
Description	A ''TravelPlan'' is a list of places and times where a Person or GroupOfPeople plan to go during some ''Trip''. The times are usually but not necessarily in sequential order. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'itinerary' in WordNet: 3. travel plan, itinerary - (a proposed route of travel)`
Super-classes	Plan^c Group^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value CourseOfInstruction^c

Traveled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traveled`
Description	''Traveled'' is the attribute of a Person who has traveled to many different places, typically in more than two countries. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'traveled' in Wordnet: 1. traveled, travelled - (familiar with many parts of the world; 'a traveled, educated man'; 'well-traveled people')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	WidelyTraveled^c

Traveler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traveler`
Description	A 'Traveller' is a Person who travels from one Place to another that is not in the same locality. The Travelling can be by foot, on an animal, or in a TransportationDevice. `In CYC spelled 'Traveller': The collection of all instances of a person going somewhere on a #$Travel-TripEvent: on a vacation, on a business trip, etc. This collection does not include trips such as going to the grocery store or coming home from work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traveler' (or 'traveller') in WordNet: 1. (3) traveler, traveller - (a person who changes location)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Travel-TripEvent^c
Sub-classes	Rider^c Pedestrian^c Visitor^c Passenger^c Tourist^c NewsCorrespondent^c Migrant^c

TravelingWidely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TravelingWidely`
Description	''TravelingWidely'' is a Group of ''Travel-TripEvent''s to more than a small number of different destinations.
Super-classes	Travel-TripEvent^c ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 3

TravellingAlongaPath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TravellingAlongaPath`
Description	A ''PathOfTravel' is a ''Path-Simple' that is the location of some ''GoingSomewhere'' Action. This can be indoors or outdoors, for travellng Events of any distance.
Super-classes	GoingSomewhere^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value PathOfTravel^c
Sub-classes	RetracingaPath^c

Travelogue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Travelogue`
Description	A non-fictional narrative describing travel to one or more locations. This may be in lecture, movie, or written format. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'travelogue' in WordNet: 1. (1) travelogue, travelog - (a film or illustrated lecture on traveling)`
Super-classes	Narrative^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Travel-TripEvent^c

Traversal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Traversal`
Description	This is a CYC concept, not obviously related to anything else in the ontology. It is interpreted as a representation of the path that some moving object took. CYC: The collection of all traversals of paths and networks. A traversal is a trace of a pathway along pre-existing #$Path-Generics. It is the 'path-representation' of certain actual trajectories (instances of #$Trajectory) that are confined to paths. Different actual trajectories may have the same traversal; to see this, consider two cars driving along a block of 10th St. The actual car movements have different trajectories -- say, one drove straight while the other switched lanes many times. The two different trajectories are both characterized by the same traversal of that block of 10th Street. A traversal of a network of paths can be represented by (#$TraversalFn CHAIN) where CHAIN is a #$PathChain. We may choose to use a more detailed representation of the traversal, i.e., use a #$PathChain made of more, but shorter, paths. For example, we may use several paths to replace a cycle in CHAIN if we want to be clear about the direction in that part of the traversal, or we may have to replace a path in CHAIN by several 'shorter' paths if we want to preserve the fact that the object moved backward at a small part of PATH and then resumed its original direction. In summary, a traversal is a constraint on a trajectory and a characterization of it in terms of traversing pre-existing #$Path-Generics. Technically, a #$Traversal from A to B can be expressed as (#$TraversalFn CHAIN) where CHAIN is a #$PathChain such that the first item in CHAIN is A and the last is B (we can assert: (#$traversalFrom (#$TraversalFn CHAIN) A) and (#$traversalTo (#$TraversalFn CHAIN) B)). Related constants include #$TraversalFn, #$traversalFrom, #$traversalTo, #$pointOnTraversal, #$subTraversals, #$traversalPassesThrough, #$traversalInSystem, etc. Note that a #$Traversal, unlike a #$Path-Generic, can cross itself, i.e., can 'pass through' a point on it many times. (Mathematically: given a #$PathSystem or #$CustomarySystemOfLinks, a #$Traversal of it is a directed path that has a homomorphism into that system.)
Super-classes	Line^c Route^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Path-Generic^c isaRepresentationOf^op value Translation-SingleTrajectory^c

TraversingaRoute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TraversingaRoute`
Description	''TraversingaRoute'' is ''Locomotion-SolidSurface'' that is a motion along some ''RouteOverGround'' on a solid surface. The ''RouteOverGround'' does not have to be an ArtifactObject, nor even to be previously traversed. It just has to be over ground, on foot or in a land vehicle. This can be used to specify a distance travelled, but @ToDo Rev1355 `This differs from the subtype ''CrossingSomething'' in that the route traversed need not be previousy defined; this could be a case of trailblazing or just wandering from place to place. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'traverse' in WordNet: 1. (4) traverse, track, cover, cross, pass over, get over, get across, cut through, cut across - (travel across or pass over; 'The caravan covered almost 100 miles each day')`
Super-classes	Locomotion-SolidSurface^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op some RouteOverGround^c
Sub-classes	ParadeEvent^c

Trawler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trawler`
Description	The subcollection of Ship that contains all trawlers, i.e., ships that drag large nets along the sea bottom in gathering fish or other marine lives. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trawler' in WordNet: 2. trawler, dragger - (a fishing boat that uses a trawl net or dragnet to catch fish)`
Super-classes	Ship^c FishingBoat^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Trawling^c

Trawling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trawling

Description

An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$Fishing. Each instance of #$Trawling is an event in which a large #$FishingNet is pulled through the water behind a boat (see #$Trawler) in order to catch a #$Mob of #$Fish. Most instances of #$Trawling are instances of #$CommercialFishing.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trawl' in WordNet:
          1. trawl - (fish with trawlers)

Super-classes Fishing^c

Tray^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tray

Description

COSMO note: in Cyc this was a ContainerArtifact, but that stretches the meaning of 'container' beyond what is useful. 'NearlyFlatHolder' is a more specific substitute.

    SUMO: A Holder that is designed for Food, dishes, and 
       flatware.

      Corresponds to sense 1 of 'tray' in WordNet:
      1. (12) tray - (an open receptacle for holding or displaying or serving articles or food)

Super-classes NearlyFlatHolder^c
SmallObject^c
HumanOccupationConstructObject^c

Treacherous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treacherous

Description

'Treacherous' is an attribute of Action that betrays a trust, or of a person performing such an Action.,

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'treacherous' in Wordnet:
         2. punic, perfidious, treacherous -
         (tending to betray; especially having a treacherous character
             as attributed to the Carthaginians by the Romans; 'Punic faith'; 
             'the perfidious Judas'; 'the fiercest and most treacherous of foes';
             'treacherous intrigues')

Super-classes Bad^c

Treading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treading`
Description	''Treading'' is a type of 'Walking' where the foot is placed heavily on something so as to perform some action that may include a purpose other than merely moving forward - to tread on something. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tread' in WordNet: 1. (3) step, tread - (put down or press the foot, place the foot; 'For fools rush in where angels fear to tread'; 'step on the brake')`
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c
Sub-classes	Trampling^c

Treadmill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treadmill`
Description	CYC: A collection of equipment. Each #$Treadmill is a device with a wide belt mounted on rollers. The user walks or runs on the belt, which moves under the user's feet while the user stays in more or less the same place. A #$Treadmill is used for exercise or medical evaluation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treadmill' in WordNet: 1. (1) treadmill - (an exercise device consisting of an endless belt on which a person can walk or jog without changing place)`
Super-classes	Device-SingleUser^c
Restrictions	hasComponentObjectType^op value ConveyorBelt^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value WalkingForExercise^c

Treason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treason`
Description	''Treason'' is a ''BetrayingAnAgent'' in which the Agent betrayed is one's own Country, to the benefit of an Enemy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treason' in WordNet: 1. (4) treason, high treason, lese majesty - (a crime that undermines the offender's government)`
Super-classes	BetrayingAnAgent^c Crime^c
Restrictions	hadAgentHarmed^op value Homeland^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Treasonous^c hadBeneficiary^op some (ForeignCountry^c or MilitaryEnemy^c or AgentType^c)

Treasonous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treasonous

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'treasonous' in Wordnet:
           1. faithless, traitorous, unfaithful, treasonable, treasonous -
               (having the character of, or characteristic of, a traitor; 
               'the faithless Benedict Arnold'; 'a lying traitorous insurrectionist')

Super-classes Disloyal^c

Treasure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treasure

Description

''Treasure'' is some quantity of ''Riches'' owned by one person or located in some specific location.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treasure' in WordNet:
      1. (2) treasure, hoarded wealth - (accumulated wealth in the form of money
      or jewels etc.; 'the pirates hid their treasure on a small island in the West Indies')

Super-classes Riches^c

TreasureRoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreasureRoom`
Description	A ''TreasureRoom'' is a ''Repository'' for storing valuable ''Asset''s to keep them safe. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'treasury' in WordNet: 5. treasury - (a depository (a room or building) where wealth and precious objects can be kept safely)`
Super-classes	Room^c Repository^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value StorageOfSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Safe^c isDesignedToContain^op only Asset^c

Treasurer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treasurer`
Description	A ''Treasurer'' is a ''MoneyHandler'' with the title of 'treasurer' who handles money,such as the bank account, for an Organization and also has the responsibility of keeping records of receipts and disbursements. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treasurer' in WordNet: 1. (3) treasurer, financial officer - (an officer charged with receiving and disbursing funds)`
Super-classes	Manager^c OfficerInOrganization^c MoneyHandler^c
Restrictions	typicallyManages^op value AccountingRecord^c

Treasury^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treasury`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treasury' in WordNet: 1. (7) treasury, exchequer - (the funds of a government or institution or individual)`
Super-classes	LiquidAsset^c

TreatEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreatEvent`
Description	An Event that causes Delight (to some agent), especially one that is provided by another Person. This is not necessarily an Action, but it usually is. An Event that is a 'TreatEvent' provided gratis by another agent is a subtype, represented as 'TreatingSomeone'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'treat' in WordNet: 2. treat - (an occurrence that causes special pleasure or delight)`
Super-classes	CausingaFeeling^c PleasantThing^c Role^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Delightful^c causesMentalEventType^op value Delight^c
Sub-classes	TreatingSomeone^c

TreatObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreatObject

Description

A FoodObject that is considered especially good to eat, and eating it causes 'Delight'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treat' in WordNet:
        1. dainty, delicacy, goody, kickshaw, treat -
           (something considered choice to eat)

Super-classes FoodObject^c
PleasantThing^c
Role^c

Treated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treated`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'treated' in Wordnet: 3. treated - (given medical care or treatment; 'a treated cold is usually gone in 14 days; if left untreated it lasts two weeks')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

TreatedAsDependent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreatedAsDependent`
Description	Being a dependent or being treated as a dependent of another person, without the legal right to make choices for himherself.
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c

TreatedAsProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreatedAsProperty`
Description	Being treated as though property, without human rights by some person.
Super-classes	SocialStatusAttribute^c

TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay`
Description	'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay' is a broad type including as subtypes all actions in which an agent interacts with one or more Agents (usually ''Organism''s e.g. plant or animal or microorganism, but also Groups and Organizations) so as do something to or for that agent: to maintain, nourish, or breed the organism, regardless of whether it is for the benefit of the organism per se (as in some cases of keeping pets, humanitarianism, ecological or wildlife preservation), or to produce organisms for sale (as in farming). Subtypes include 'TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay', 'FeedingAnOrganism' and their subtypes. Some subtypes represent doing harm to an agent.
Super-classes	TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (GenericAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay^c PreferentialTreatment^c AgricultureOrHusbandry^c
In domain of	hadAnimalHandled^op

TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay`
Description	''TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay'' is a subtype of 'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay'for a broad Type of Actions in which one agent handles or interacts with some animal(s), including People. This does not necessarily involve touching; This can include managing, medical treatment, advice, social interaction, disciplining, hostile treatment, etc., and includes actions that stem from regarding people in a certain way, but not the mere mental act of regarding a person in a certain way. @ToDo: the manner of treatment should be topic of a restriction, but as of rev907 that restriction has not been added. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'treat' and sense 2 of 'handle' and includes part of sense 2 (referring to animals) of 'treatment' in WordNet: 1. (30) treat, handle, do by - (interact in a certain way; 'Do right by her'; 'Treat him with caution, please'; 'Handle the press reporters gently') WN noun 'treatment': 2. (25) treatment, handling - (the management of someone or something; 'the handling of prisoners'; 'the treatment of water sewage'; 'the right to equal treatment in the criminal justice system')
Super-classes	TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c)
Sub-classes	Vaccinating^c VeterinaryCareEvent^c WrongingSomeone^c HealthCareEvent^c HypnotizingSomeone^c Pampering^c

TreatingSomeone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreatingSomeone

Description

'TreatingSomeone' is a 'TreatEvent' usually provided gratis by another agent, but sometimes (as in treating oneself) by oneself.

      Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'treat' and part of noun sense 2 of 'treat'
        in WordNet:
      WN vberb 'treat':
        5. (3) treat - (provide with a gift or entertainment;
            'Grandmother always treated us to the circus'; 'I like to treat
            myself to a day at a spa when I am depressed')
        2. treat - (an occurrence that causes special pleasure or delight)

Super-classes GivingEvent^c
TreatEvent^c
Role^c
PurposefulAction^c

TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay`
Description	''TreatingSomethingInaCertainWay'' is a subtype of ''AffectingSomething'' that is a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' performed by a ''Person''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'treatment' in WordNet: 2. (25) treatment, handling - (the management of someone or something; 'the handling of prisoners'; 'the treatment of water sewage'; 'the right to equal treatment in the criminal justice system')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c AffectingSomething^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c)
Sub-classes	TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay^c SewageTreatment^c

Treatise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treatise`
Description	A ''Treatise'' is a ''FactualText'' that includes information that is to some extent comprehensive on some topic. More than just a brief discussion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treatise' in WordNet: 1. treatise - (a formal exposition)`
Super-classes	FactualText^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c
Sub-classes	Dissertation^c Monograph^c

Treaty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treaty`
Description	CYC: The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treaty' in WordNet: 1. (3) treaty, pact, accord - (a written agreement between two states or sovereigns)`
Super-classes	BindingAgreement^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value MakingaTreaty^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NAFTA

Tree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tree`
Description	In Cyc called 'Tree-ThePlant'. In SUMO called 'BotanicalTree'. MNOTE: some things considered a 'bush' may also be classified as a 'tree'. Cyc: A specialization of #$Plant-Woody. Each instance of #$Tree-ThePlant is a tall woody plant (typical mature specimens are usually taller than a person or a bush), generally having a branching form overall, and with roots in the ground, a trunk, and the branches having numerous leaves exposed to the sky. Notable specializations of #$Tree-ThePlant include #$OakTree, #$MapleTree, #$GiantSequoia, and #$BananaTree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tree' in WordNet: 1. (107) tree - (a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms)
Super-classes	Plant-Woody^c
Sub-classes	CedarTree^c MahoganyTree^c FloweringTree^c ConiferousTree^c EvergreenTree^c SpruceTree^c Bonsai^c DeciduousTree^c LocustTree^c MangoTree^c PecanTree^c FigTree^c NutTree^c FirTree^c BeechTree^c HollyTree^c CinnamonTree^c EbonyTree^c PineTree^c PalmTree^c CoffeeBush^c Ginkgo^c Poplar^c Sapling^c

Tree-PathSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tree-PathSystem`
Description	CYC: The collection of all those #$ConnectedPathSystems that look like trees, i.e., those #$ConnectedPathSystems that have no #$Path-Cyclics at all. Note that since each instance of #$Tree-PathSystem has no cycles in it, it has no loops, nor multiple links between two nodes.
Super-classes	ConnectedPathSystem^c SimplePathSystem^c

TreeBark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreeBark`
Description	A piece of the bark of a Tree or other woody plant. This is an Object; the material of which it is composed is 'BarkTisue'. NOTE: different tree barks have different degrees of flexibility, so the attribute 'Flexible' should not be applied to all instances. CYC: The collection of all instances of tree bark - the 'skin' of a tree's trunk and branches. SUMO: has 'skin' and 'wood', but no 'bark'. WordNet does not distinguish between a piece of bark and the material, but the closest meaning would be noun sense 1 of 'bark', which seems to cover both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bark' in WordNet: 1. (4) bark - (tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants)
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c ProtectiveSystem^c PlantPart^c SolidObject^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c BodyCovering^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value TreeBranch^c isDesignedToCover^op value PlantPart^c consistsOfSubstance^op value BarkTissue^c isDesignedToCover^op value TreeTrunk^c

TreeBranch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreeBranch`
Description	CYC: The collection of all tree branches - which ordinarily make up the canopy of a tree, and bear the leaves. Also called a 'limb' of a tree. `SUMO: Any PlantBranch which is part of a BotanicalTree. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'limb' and sense 1 of 'tree branch' and part of noun sense 2 of 'branch' (for trees) in Wordnet: 2. limb, tree branch - (any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree) WN 'tree branch' 1. (1) limb, tree branch - (any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree)`
Super-classes	PlantBranch^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Tree^c

TreeOrBushType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreeOrBushType`
Description	''TreeOrBushType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of ''PlantType'' that can serve as type for a ''Tree'' or a ''Bush'', allowing some more specific relations pertaining to these larger plants.
Super-classes	PlantType^c
Members	WalnutTree MagnoliaTree PalmTree ChestnutTree RoseBush AlmondTree FirTree CloveTree LilacBush DeciduousTree LaurelTree CamphorTree FloweringTree SpiceTree SpruceTree HickoryTree HollyTree CinnamonTree CacaoTree LocustTree MangoTree PecanTree CypressTree CoffeeBush DogwoodTree FruitTree EvergreenTree Poplar NutTree CedarTree FigTree PineTree Tree CoconutPalm

TreeTrunk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TreeTrunk

Description

The central support of a Tree.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tree trunk' and sense 1 of 'trunk'  in WordNet:
    1. (2) trunk, tree trunk, bole - (the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; 
        the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber)

Super-classes Stem^c

Treeless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Treeless`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'treeless' in Wordnet: 1. unwooded, treeless - (not wooded)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Trek^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trek

Description

A ''Trek'' is a ''LongJourney'' that is ''Difficult''.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trek' in WordNet:
        2. trek - (any long and difficult trip)
      WN verb sense 'trek':
        2. trek - (make a long and difficult journey;
            'They trekked towards the North Pole with sleds and skis')

Super-classes LongJourney^c

Trematode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trematode`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trematode' in WordNet: 1. fluke, trematode, trematode worm - (parasitic flatworms having external suckers for attaching to a host)`
Super-classes	FlatWorm^c

Trembling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trembling`
Description	A 'Trembling' is a 'Shuddering' Action that originates within an Animal, suggesting that some undesirable condition is present and therefore ''Abnormal''. This can be caused by cold, or fear, or some disease condition (such as Parkinson's). For Trembling specifically due to cold, use 'Shivering'; if the cause is not known, use this type. SUMO: Any BodyMotion which is involuntary and which is repeated many times over a short time frame, e.g. a tremor in the hands. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'shudder' and noun sense 1 of 'tremble' and noun sense 3 of 'tremor' in Wordnet: WN verb 'tremble': 1. (4) tremble - (move or jerk quickly and involuntarily up and down or sideways; 'His hands were trembling when he signed the document') WN noun 'tremble': 1. tremble, shiver, shake - (a reflex motion caused by cold or fear or excitement) WN noun 'tremor': 3. tremor - (shaking or trembling (usually resulting from weakness or stress or disease))
Super-classes	BodyMovementEvent^c Shuddering^c InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Animal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Abnormal^c
Sub-classes	Shivering^c

Tremor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tremor`
Description	The SUMO term for 'Oscillating'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

Trench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trench`
Description	A ''Ditch'' that is created by excavating the ground to a depth so that a Person can fit into it - horizontally or vertically. `CYC: A collection of artifacts. Each instance of #$Trench is a hole that has been dug in a #$LongAndThin shape. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'trench' in WordNet: 3. trench - (any long ditch cut in the ground)`
Super-classes	Excavation-Hole^c Ditch^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c
Sub-classes	Furrow^c

Trend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trend`
Description	Any OrderedGroup of Events that display some recognizable pattern in the way that the Event characteristics change (or don't change) over time. The changes can be quantitative or qualitative, provided that the qualitative changes can be classified in some sequentially ordered fashion. Similar to sense 5 of 'pattern' in RHW: 5. a combination of qualities, acts, tendencies, etc., forming a consistent or characteristic arrangement: the behavior patterns of teenagers. Includes part of noun sense 1 of 'pattern' in WordNet,but this 'pattern' occurs independent of a Person's perception, and is not a MentalObject created by a Person as is ''Pattern'' in COSMO: in WordNet: 1. (29) form, shape, pattern - (a perceptual structure; the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them) WN WN Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'trend' in WN 1. (18) tendency, trend - (a general direction in which something tends to move; 'the shoreward tendency of the current'; 'the trend of the stock market') 3. (1) drift, trend, movement - (a general tendency to change (as of opinion); 'not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book'; 'a broad movement of the electorate to the right')
Super-classes	OrderedGroup^c EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasOrderingRelation^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ChronologicallyOrdered^c

TrendingPattern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrendingPattern`
Description	A ''TrendingPattern'' is a ''Pattern'' in the way some characteristics of Events in a ''Trend'' changes over time. This is the Pattern as perceived by an IntelligentAgent (an ''Analyst''). As a ''MentalObject'', this perceived pattern must be created by some IntelligentAgent - here we use the general category of ''Analyst'' for the agent creating the pattern. NOTE that with 'deep learning' techniques, a computer can serve as the IntelligentAgent that rcognizes the Patternserving as a borderlne ''IntelligentAgent'' Is closest to noun sense 1 of 'trend' and also to part of noun sense 1 (temporal, not visual) of 'pattern' in WordNet : 3. (1) drift, trend, movement - (a general tendency to change (as of opinion); 'not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book'; 'a broad movement of the electorate to the right')
Super-classes	Pattern^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op some (Analyst^c or Automaton^c) isProducedByEventType^op value Trend^c

Trendy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trendy

Description

''Trendy'' is a subAttribute of ''Popular'' for things that are ''Popular'' now, but weren't ''Popular'' in the near past,and probably won't be ''Popular'' in the near future.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'trendy' in Wordnet:
          1. trendy, voguish - (in accord with the latest fad; 'trendy ideas'; 
                    'trendy clothes'; 'voguish terminology')

Super-classes Popular^c

Trespassing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trespassing`
Description	''Trespassing'' is an ''EnteringaRegion'' that is a ''Crime'' (against the law), whether the region is private property or some governmental property where entering is forbidden. This includes entering structures that are not open to the public. This is a ''Crime' in common law. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trespass' in WordNet: 1. (2) trespass, intrude - (enter unlawfully on someone's property; 'Don't trespass on my land!')`
Super-classes	EnteringaRegion^c Crime^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

Trial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trial`
Description	The subcollection of #$LegalConflict events whose instances are heard and decided by a court and are officiated by a #$Judge. @mod59a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trial' in WordNet: 1. (664) trial - ((law) legal proceedings consisting of the judicial examination of issues by a competent tribunal; 'most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial')
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c CourtCase^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op some Courtroom^c
Sub-classes	CriminalTrial^c

TrialAndError^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrialAndError`
Description	A''TrialAndError'' is a ''LearningProcedure'' in which an Agent (Person, Group, Organization) learns how to solve a problem or perform some action by trying possible methods, and when one doesn't work, trying another, until the correct method is found. `This does not necessarily include an 'error', as the first attempt may work as intended. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trial and error' in WordNet: 1. (2) trial and error - (experimenting until a solution is found)`
Super-classes	LearningProcedure^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value LearningHowToDoSomething^c hasExecutionEvent^op value AttemptingActivity^c

TrialPeriod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrialPeriod`
Description	A ''TrialPeriod'' is a ''TimeInterval' during which something - a Device, a method, or a Person is observed to determine if it performs adequately according to some criterion. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trial period' in WordNet: 1. trial period, test period - (a period of time during which someone or something is tested)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	LegalProbation^c ProbationPeriod^c

Triangle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Triangle`
Description	A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all three-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. `SUMO: Any three-sided Polygon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'triangle' in Wordnet: 1. (2) triangle, trigon, trilateral - (a three-sided polygon)`
Super-classes	Polygon^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Triangular^c hasNumberOfSides^fp value 3^c

Triangular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Triangular

Description

The property of a 2-dimensional object having three straight sides connected at three corners forming three angles.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'triangular' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) triangular - (having three angles; forming or shaped like a triangle;
              'a triangular figure'; 'a triangular pyrimid has a triangle for a base')

Super-classes Angular^c

Tribal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tribal

Description

''Tribal'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to a ''Tribe'' or things assocated with tribes generally, and includes the metaphorcal usage pertaining to close-knit ''CommunityOfOnterest''s

     Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'tribal' in WordNet:
        1. (2) tribal - (relating to or characteristic of a tribe; 'tribal customs')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TribalChief^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TribalChief

Description

The headman of a Tribe or Clan, whether or not s/he is referenced by a term that translates as 'chief'.

    This is sense 2 of 'chief' in RHW:
    2. the head or ruler of a tribe or clan: an Indian chief.
    WN 'Indian chief' should be a subtype.
       Includes but is broader than  noun sense 1 of 'Indian chief' in WordNet:
         1. Indian chief, Indian chieftain - (the leader of a group of native Americans)

Super-classes Leader^c

Tribe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tribe`
Description	A GroupOfPeople, larger than a clan or community, partly related by common descent, at least in tradition, having a common language, and some additional ties of common identity that have persisted over more than a few generations. This type corresponds to the HRAF definition of 'tribe', and of sense 1 of 'tribe' in RHW: HRAF (619 TRIBE AND NATION): Presence or absence of groups larger than the community to which people think they 'belong' in an extended kinship sense; basis of identification (e.g., common name, common language, contiguous territory, common culture, tradition of common descent); intratribal intercourse and communication (e.g., trade, intermarriage); degree of development of nationalistic aspirations. Randome House Webster 'tribe': 1. any aggregate of people united by ties of descent from a common ancestor, community of customs and traditions, adherence to the same leaders, etc. This sense is somewhat broader than 'tribe' sense 4 in WordNet, not requiring true descent from a common ancestor (as with a Clan), and include 'tribes' of American Indians that are sometimes referred to as 'nation' or 'federation' such as the Sioux or Iroquois. possessive case in WordNet: 2. tribe, federation of tribes - (a federation (as of American Indians)) 4. kin, kin group, kinship group, kindred, clan, tribe - (group of people related by blood or marriage)
Super-classes	KinshipGroup^c
Sub-classes	SiouxTribe^c

Tribunal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tribunal

Description

CYC: A collection of organizations. Each instance of #$Tribunal is a collective #$JudicialAgent, consisting of a group of people who are appointed, sometimes on a temporary basis (as opposed to the permanent nature of a #$Court-Judicial), to judge special matters and determine punishment or order restitution or other remedies.

       This is a CYC concept that can be used for non-governmental 'tribunals'.

        NOTE: this differs from  ''Court-Judicial'' in that this is a
          one-Event agent that performs one act of judging.  For the
          continuing Organization that conducts many such sessions, 
          ''Court-Judicial'' can be used.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tribunal' in WordNet:
           1. (1) court, tribunal, judicature - (an assembly 
              (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business)

Super-classes Organization^c
JudicialAgent^c

Tributary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tributary

Description

A ''Tributary'' is a ''StreamBranch'' that flows into some reference ''Stream'' (usually a River).

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tributary' in WordNet:
          1. feeder, tributary, confluent, affluent - (a branch that flows into the main stream)

Super-classes StreamBranch^c

Triceps^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Triceps

Description

CYC: The large muscle that runs along the back of the upper arm.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'triceps' in WordNet:
           1. triceps - (any skeletal muscle having three origins 
              (but especially the triceps brachii))

Super-classes SkeletalMuscle^c

TrickingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrickingSomeone`
Description	Each 'TrickingSomeone' is an Action in which one agent deceives another intentionally in order to get the second agent to perform some Action that s/he would not have performed if not tricked. Although a 'TrickingSomeone' Action may include either Lying or Cheating, there must be some Action performed by the tricked agent that would not otherwise have been done. For cheating at cards, for example, the second agent would have played card, though they would not have lost as much. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'wile' from RHW: 1. a trick, artifice, or stratagem meant to fool, trap, or entice; device. 3. deceitful cunning; trickery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense of 'trick' in WordNet: WN noun 'trick': 1. (2) trick, fast one - (a cunning or deceitful action or device; 'he played a trick on me'; 'he pulled a fast one and got away with it') WN verb 'trick': 1. (1) flim-flam, trick, fob, fox, pull a fast one on, play a trick on - (deceive somebody; 'We tricked the teacher into thinking that class would be cancelled next week') WN noun 'trickery': 2. trickery, chicanery, chicane, guile, wile, shenanigan - (the use of tricks to deceive someone (usually to extract money from them))
Super-classes	Deceiving^c
Sub-classes	Hoax^c Fraud^c

Tricycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tricycle`
Description	rev1651Sv - inconsistent?? hasPP SupportingWheel? NOTE; cardinality restriction '3' on supporting wheel makes the ontology inconsistent in Pellet (not Fact++) after save; without the cardinality, OK. Something odd about Pellet. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tricycle' in WordNet: 1. tricycle, trike, velocipede - (a vehicle with three wheels that is moved by foot pedals)`
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c Device-UserPowered^c MountableTransporter^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Child^c hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 2 hasMannerOfUse^op value Pedaling^c hasPhysicalPart^op value ThreeSupportingWheels^c

Triggered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Triggered

Description

''Triggered'' is the attribute of some Device that experienced a ''ActivatingaDevice'' and therfore has performed or is performing it design function.

       CYC: When a triggering mechanism goes to this state, it
        activates the device it controls.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

TriggeringMechanism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TriggeringMechanism`
Description	A part of physical system that releases the potential energy stored in the system's configuration. The triggering mechanism does not provide significant energy to the system. Examples: a trigger on a gun, the triggering mechanism on a mouse trap, the shutter release on a camera. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trigger' in WordNet: 2. trigger - (a device that activates or releases or causes something to happen)`
Super-classes	MechanicalDevice^c ControlDevice^c PhysicalPartOfObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ActivatingaDevice^c
Sub-classes	GunTrigger^c

Triglyceride^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Triglyceride

Description

Any of a large group of substances consisting of glycerol esterified with three fatty acids. This is the dominant type of Lipid in most animal 'FattySubstance's.

       Cyc:    The collection of all triglycerides, also known as
        neutral lipids. In a triglyceride molecule, three molecules
        of one or more different fatty acids are linked to a
        glycerol molecule. Triglycerides are found in #$FattyTissue
        of #$Mammals and in plant #$Seeds.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'triglyceride' in WordNet:
         1. triglyceride - (glyceride occurring naturally in animal 
            and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids
            bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source 
            forming much of the fat stored by the body)

Super-classes OrganicCompound^c
Ester^c
Lipid^c

Trigonometry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trigonometry`
Description	''Trigonometry'' is a branch of ''Mathematics''concerning itself with `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trigonometry' in WordNet: 1. trigonometry, trig - (the mathematics of triangles and trigonometric functions)`
Super-classes	FieldOfStudy^c Methodology^c
Restrictions	isaBranchOf^op value Mathematics^c hasTopic^op value Triangle^c

Trilogy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trilogy`
Description	A ''Trilogy'' is a ''Trio'' of Dramatic Works (e.g., Novels, Movies) containing exactly three elements. These typically have the same theme and often deal with a time sequence of Events affecting the one or more of the same ''Person''s or places or countries. 'Lord of the Rings Triology' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trilogy' in WordNet: 1. trilogy - (a set of three literary or dramatic works related in subject or theme)`
Super-classes	Trio^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (ProseLiteraryWork^c or Movie^c or Play^c or ObjectType^c)
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FoundationTrilogy

Trim^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trim

Description

Of people being ''Slender'' as well as 'physically fit'.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trim' in WordNet:
        1. (1) spare, trim - (thin and fit; 'the spare figure of a marathon runner';
          'a body kept trim by exercise')

Super-classes Slender^c

Trimming-Decorating^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trimming-Decorating

Description

''Trimming-Decorating'' is a type of ''Decorating'' with small ornaments - used most commonly of 'trimming' a Christmas Tree.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trim' in WordNet:
          2. (1) trim - (decorate, as with ornaments; 'trim the christmas tree';
             'trim a shop window')

Super-classes Decorating^c

Trio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trio`
Description	A Trio is a Group containing exactly three elements. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trio' in Wordnet: 4. trio, triad, triplet, triple - (a set of three similar things considered as a unit)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only owl:Thing^c hasCardinalityNumber^dp value 3^c
Sub-classes	OrderedTrio^c Trilogy^c ObjectTrio^c Threesome^c

TriplexApartment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TriplexApartment`
Description	A ''TriplexApartment''' is an ''Apartment'' that is a two-story residence that is one of the three parts of a ''TriplexBuilding'', separated by a common wall. `No Wn sense for this.`
Super-classes	SingleResidenceUnit^c MultiRoomUnit^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value TriplexBuilding^c

TriplexBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TriplexBuilding`
Description	A ''TriplexBuilding'' is a ''ResidentialBuilding'' that contains three ''TriplexApartment''s each separated from one or both of the others by a vertical wall(s) from roof to basement. `In CYC 'Triplex'.`
Super-classes	ResidentialBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 2

Tripod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tripod`
Description	A ''Tripod' is a ''SupportingObject'' for holding objects at a height above the ground convenient for a Person to use. A ''Tripod'' can be short, but the most common ones have a place to hold objects at about a Person's shoulder level. This differs from ''Holder''s that are used for storage, as shelves, in that a ''Tripod'' tends to be used for only a short time while the Person is using the supported Object. Common uses for a ''Tripod'' are as a support for a camera or as a support for graphic material on paper; for the latter, use the subtype ''Easel''. `NOTE that the restriction specifies a minimum lenth for the legs of the tripod as 60cm (2 feet). This refers to the maximum extension, as tripod legs often are extendable. The hyperym for 'tripod' in WN is 'rack', which is not quite right. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tripod' in WordNet: 1. (1) tripod - (a three-legged rack used for support)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Holder^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ThreeArtifactLegs^c canServeAsInstrumentInActionType^op value UsingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	Easel^c

Trivet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trivet`
Description	A ''Trivet'' is a small ''SmallSupportingStand'' that is very hort (less than 3 inches high) with short (les than 1 inch high) legs, used to hold hot food vessels (''HotCookingVessel'') off the table or counter when the content are ready to eat. Some trivets have handles. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trivet' in WordNet: 2. trivet - (a stand with short feet used under a hot dish on a table)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c SmallSupportingStand^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-topped^c supports^op value HotCookingVessel^c hasPhysicalPart^op min 3

Trivia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trivia`
Description	''Trivia'' is a Group of individual ''Fact''s (each one small bit of ''Knowledge'') tht, as a group, are not connected with or interrelated to each other, and each have little importance outside a small sphere of interest or for daily life. `CYC: The collection of all items of trivia: individual facts about some detail about the world that people are not expected to know because they are insignificant for daily life. RHW: matters or things that are very unimportant, inconsequential, or nonessential; trifles; trivialities. No WN sense for this meaning of 'trivia'`
Super-classes	Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Fact^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unimportant^c

Trivial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trivial`
Description	An attribute meaning 'very unimportant'. This is an EvaluativeAttribute - what is Important to some people will be Unimportant to others. Approximate synonym in RHW is 'nickel-and-dime': RHW 'nickel-and-dime': of little or no importance; trivial; petty: a nickel-and-dime business that soon folded. Includes adjective senses 1 and 5 of 'trivial' and sense 2 of 'negligible' in WordNet: 1. (4) fiddling, footling, lilliputian, little, niggling, piddling, piffling, petty, picayune, trivial - ((informal) small and of little importance; 'a fiddling sum of money'; 'a footling gesture'; 'our worries are lilliputian compared with those of countries that are at war'; 'a little (or small) matter'; 'a dispute over niggling details'; 'limited to petty enterprises'; 'piffling efforts'; 'giving a police officer a free meal may be against the law, but it seems to be a picayune infraction') 5. insignificant, trivial - (not large enough to consider or notice) WN adj 'negligible': 2. negligible, paltry, trifling - (not worth considering; 'he considered the prize too paltry for the lives it must cost'; 'piffling efforts'; 'a trifling matter')
Super-classes	Insignificant^c
Sub-classes	NegligiblySmall^c

Trivializing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trivializing`
Description	Each ''Trivializing'' is an ''Understating'' suggesting or implying that the thing discussed is much less important or significant or difficult than most objective evaluators would believe. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trivialize' in WordNet: 1. trivialize, trivialise - (make trivial or insignificant; 'Don't trivialize the seriousness of the issue!')`
Super-classes	Opining^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Opinion^c

Troll^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Troll`
Description	A ''Troll'' is a Mythical (fairy tale) creature that may have some supernatural power, human scall but of varying size, depending on the tale, and usually evil in its desire to harm humans. `NOTE: not considered 'Fictional', so it can be classified as a PhysicalObject. Trolls with varying properties are just different races of Trolls or mutants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troll' in Wordnet: 1. (1) troll - ((Scandanavian folklore) a supernatural creature (either a dwarf or a giant) that is supposed to live in caves or in the mountains)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c MythicalThing^c SentientAnimal^c HumanScaleObject^c Animal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Evil^c

Trombone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trombone`
Description	CYC: long medium-sized brass instrument. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trombone' in WordNet: 1. trombone - (a brass instrument consisting of a long tube whose length can be varied by a U-shaped slide)`
Super-classes	BrassInstrument^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value VariableLengthMeasure^c

TroopOfSoldiers^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TroopOfSoldiers

Description

A ''TroopOfSoldiers'' is an informal term for a ''MilitaryUnit'' of ground troops smaller than a 'division.

           Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troop' in WordNet:
             1. (10) troop - (a group of soldiers)

Super-classes ArmyUnit^c

Trope^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trope

Description

A ''Trope'' is a term of philosophy that represents the AttributeValue of some specific Thing that has that attribute ('the blueness of the sky today'). In COSMO there is as yet no need for this concept. That some specific instance of an owl:Class
has an attribute value is asserted at the level of that instance of that owl:Class: X (an individual thing) hasAttrbuteValue Y

       If some application has a need for Tropes in this sense, this type can be used or expanded.
       It may be closer to the  philosophical intent to represent this as an instance of 
          attribute value, and this type can be changed to whatever fits the application.

Super-classes Individual^c

Trophy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trophy`
Description	A ''Trophy'' is an AwardSymbol e.g. a medal, cup, 'Green Jacket', any ''SymbolicObject'' that symbolizes a Victory and is awarded by someAuthority,usually a Sports Organization. IT may have some inherent value (if silver or gold) but is valued mostly for its symbolism. `CYC: A collection of objects. Each element of #$Trophy is a solid tangible object with a symbolic meaning, awarded to some agent(s) in recognition for winning some competition or achieving some goal. Trophies typically contain (e.g., in engraved writing) the name of the award, date, and name(s) of the recipient(s). Examples: the Heisman trophy, the Americas Cup, an Oscar. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trophy' in WordNet: 2. trophy, prize - (something given as a token of victory)`
Super-classes	SymbolicObject^c AwardSymbol^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op some VictoryAward^c

TropicLike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TropicLike

Description

Hot and Humid atmospheric conditions, resembling the prototypical tropical climate.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'tropical' in WordNet:
        4. tropical, tropic - (of weather or climate; 
           hot and humid as in the tropics; 'tropical weather')

Super-classes Humid^c
Hot^c

Tropical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tropical

Description

Of or pertaining to the 'Tropics' - the region of the Earth's surface. For the AttributeValue that means 'resembling the Tropics', in being hot and humid, use 'TropicLike'

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tropical' in WordNet:
      1. (4) tropical, tropic - (relating to or situated in or characteristic 
         of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator);
         'tropical islands'; 'tropical fruit')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TropicalFish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TropicalFish`
Description	`RHW: any of numerous small, usually brightly colored fishes, indigenous to the tropics, and often kept and bred in home aquariums. NOTE: there are many fish specific to the tropics that do not fall into this category - WN does not have a synset for this concept, tropical fish able to be kept in small ''DomesticAquarium''s.`
Super-classes	Fish^c BonyFish^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tropics^c mayFillTheRoleOf^op value DomesticPet^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value BrilliantlyColored^c fitsInsideOf^op value DomesticAquarium^c

Trotting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trotting`
Description	A relaxed, relatively slow (not vigorous) manner of ''Running''. Specifically for ;;Animals, usually horses. `For the trotting done by by people for exercise, use ''Jogging''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trot' in WordNet: 1. (10) trot, jog, clip - (run at a moderately swift pace)`
Super-classes	Running^c Gait^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Mammal^c or AnimalType^c)

Trouble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trouble`
Description	A ProblemSituation that is Risky (possibly being the more intensive 'Dangerous'), and therefore presents a greater incentive to remove the problem (trouble) than a ProblemSituation that is not Risky. `Includes parts of senses 1 and 3 of 'trouble' in WordNet (nothing quite exactly the same): in WordNet: 1. (21) trouble, problem - (a source of difficulty; 'one trouble after another delayed the job'; 'what's the problem?') 3. (11) trouble - (an event causing distress or pain; 'what is the trouble?'; 'heart trouble')`
Super-classes	ProblemSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Risky^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Troublesome^c
Sub-classes	Affliction^c

Troubled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Troubled`
Description	''Troubled'' is the attribute of someone who is feeling ''Distress''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'troubled' and sense 4 of 'distressed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) troubled - (characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need; 'troubled areas'; 'fell into a troubled sleep'; 'a troubled expression'; 'troubled teenagers') WN adj 'distressed': 4. disquieted, distressed, disturbed, upset, worried - (afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief; 'too upset to say anything'; 'spent many disquieted moments'; 'distressed about her son's leaving home'; 'lapsed into disturbed sleep'; 'worried parents'; 'a worried frown'; 'one last worried check of the sleeping children')
Super-classes	FeelingAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Thrilled^c OverwhelmedEmotionally^c

Troublemaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Troublemaker`
Description	`WN 'bad hat'?? not in RHW Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troublemaker' in WordNet: 1. troublemaker, trouble maker, troubler, mischief-maker, bad hat - (someone who deliberately stirs up trouble)`
Super-classes	PersonaNonGrata^c
Restrictions	agentMayCauseState^op value Annoyance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Annoying^c agentMayCauseState^op value Trouble^c
Sub-classes	Loudmouth^c

Troubleshooting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Troubleshooting`
Description	''Troubleshooting'' is the first step in ''SolvingaProblem''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trouble-shoot' in WordNet: 1. trouble-shoot - (solve problems; 'He is known to be good at trouble-shooting')`
Super-classes	AnalyzingSomething^c Diagnosing^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op value UnderstandingaProblem^c enablesOrAssists^op value RepairingEvent^c hasResult^op value UnderstandingaProblem^c enablesOrAssists^op value SolvingaProblem^c enablesOrAssists^op value RestoringEvent^c hadObjectAnalyzed^op some ProblemToBeSolved^c

Troublesome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Troublesome`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'troublesome' in Wordnet: 1. (3) troublesome - (difficult to deal with; 'a troublesome infection'; 'a troublesome situation')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unbearable^c Crippling^c Inflammatory^c

Troupe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Troupe`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troupe' in WordNet: 1. (2) company, troupe - (organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical); 'the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel')`
Super-classes	Organization^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op some Artist-Performer^c
Sub-classes	CircusTroupe^c

Trousers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trousers`
Description	Trousers are 'Pants' that extend at least to the knee, and usually to the ankles.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pant' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'trouser' (but sense 2 is singular) in WordNet: 1. (3) trouser, pant - ((usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately; 'he had a sharp crease in his trousers') 2. trouser - (a garment (or part of a garment) designed for or relating to trousers; 'in his trouser's pocket'; 'he ripped his left trouser on the fence')`
Super-classes	Pants^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value HumanLeg^c isDesignedToCover^op value BothLegs^c
Sub-classes	Jeans^c Pantaloons^c Slacks^c Knickers^c

Trout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trout`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trout' in WordNet: 2. trout - (any of various game and food fishes of cool fresh waters mostly smaller than typical salmons)`
Super-classes	Fish^c BonyFish^c EdibleFish^c
Sub-classes	CutthroatTrout^c

Truck^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Truck`
Description	A specialization of #$RoadVehicle. Each instance of #$Truck is a road vehicle designed to carry both passengers and (relatively heavy) cargo. A typical instance of #$Truck has a cab area for the driver, as well as a large cargo area separate from the cab. The cargo area of a truck may be open (as in many instances of #$PickupTruck) or closed (as in most instances of #$SemiTrailer-Truck). Some specializations of #$Truck are #$DumpTruck, #$FireTruck, and #$GarbageTruck. COSMO: a truck must be designed for use so that the cargo area has a larger capacity than the passenger area. IF a truck is converted for primarily passenger use, it will become a Passenger vehicle by virtue of the secondary manufacturing process. SUMO: Truck is the subclass of RoadVehicles that are designed primarily for transporting various kinds of non-passenger loads. Truck is the class of single-bodied trucks or TruckTractors. Note: TractorTrailer combinations are a distinct class. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truck' in Wordnet: 1. (20) truck, motortruck - (an automotive vehicle suitable for hauling)
Super-classes	HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c RoadVehicle^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	isLargerThan^op value Automobile^c
Sub-classes	GarbageTruck^c PickupTruck^c Lorry^c Van^c FireTruck^c TruckTractor^c

TruckTractor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TruckTractor`
Description	Vehicles used for hauling semitrailers or other freight trailers such as tankers or car carriers. "WheeledTransportationDevice" SUMO: TruckTractor is the subclass of Trucks that are used to tow truck trailers. Truck tractors are the cab portions of tractor-trailers. See also TruckTrailer. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tractor' in WordNet: 2. tractor - (a truck that has a cab but no body; used for pulling large trailers or vans)`
Super-classes	Tractor^c Truck^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value TruckTrailer^c isUsedInAction^op value Towing^c

TruckTraffic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TruckTraffic`
Description	''TruckTraffic'' is a ''VehicularTraffic'' on a ''Roadway'' in which a 'Truck'' transports ''Person''(s) and any associated cargo. If the vehicle is self-driving, there may be no people in the vehicle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truck traffic' in WordNet: 1. truck traffic - (trucks coming and going)`
Super-classes	VehicularTraffic^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Truck^c

TruckTrailer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TruckTrailer`
Description	Typical detached semitrailer for hauling dry freight. `SUMO: TruckTrailer is the subclass of Trailers that are towed by TruckTractors. These are the trailers used in tractor-trailer (semi-trailer) rigs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trailer' in WordNet: 3. trailer - (a large transport conveyance designed to be pulled by a truck or tractor)`
Super-classes	MaterialTransporter^c Trailer^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value TruckTractor^c

Trucker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trucker`
Description	A ''Trucker'' is person whose job is to drive a ''Truck''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trucker' in WordNet: 1. teamster, trucker, truck driver - (someone who drives a truck as an occupation)`
Super-classes	Driver-TransportationProfessional^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value DrivingaTruck^c

Trudging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trudging

Description

       Corresponds to  verb sense 1 of 'trudge' in WordNet:
         1. (6) slog, footslog, plod, trudge, pad, tramp - 
            (walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud; 'Mules plodded 
                in a circle around a grindstone')

Super-classes Walking^c

TrueInTheRealWorld^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrueInTheRealWorld

Description

''TrueInaContext'' is an Attribute of Propositions (including Assertions) that 'conform to' the self-consistent Situations in ''TheRealWorld''.

        For 'true' and 'false' as values of a true/false assertion use ''True'' or ''False''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'true.' in WordNet:
          1. (84) true - (consistent with fact or reality; not false; 'the story is true';
          'it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing
             it true'- B. Russell; 'the true meaning of the statement')

Super-classes TrueInaContext^c

TrueInaContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrueInaContext`
Description	''TrueInaContext'' is an Attribute of Propositions (including Assertions) that 'conform to' the Situation in some Context. if the Context is a ''FictionalContext'' then something ''TrueInaContext'' for that context is not sure to be ''TrueInTheRealWorld''. `NOTE that statements other than mathematical theorems with assumptions and conclusions may be only partly true or potentially misleading if taken literally, so this should be interpreted as 'likely true' or 'mostly true'. For assertions that are demonstrably and objectively ''Proven'' beyond any meaningful doubt, use ''Proven'', and that will be taken to mean 'true and not likely to be disproven'. For 'true' and 'false' as values of a true/false assertion use ''True'' or ''False''.`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	TrueInTheRealWorld^c

TrueOrFalse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrueOrFalse`
Description	'TrueOrFalse' is the type containing only two instances, the 'TruthValue's 'True' and 'False' Cyc: #$TruthValue is a collection of mathematical objects; it contains the abstract, logical objects #$True and #$False. SUMO: The Class of truth values, e.g. True and False. These are Attributes of Sentences and Propositions. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'truth' in WordNet; this type includes truth values far from the true value: in WordNet: 4. (3) accuracy, truth - (the quality of being near to the true value; 'he was beginning to doubt the accuracy of his compass'; 'the lawyer questioned the truth of my account')
Super-classes	TruthValue^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#False http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#True

TrueStatement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrueStatement`
Description	Each 'TrueStatement' is a 'StatementOfFact' that is true in some Context. For statements that are ''TrueInTheRealWorld'' use the subtype''TrueStatement-RealWorld''. `This corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'fact' and and sense 1 of 'truth'in WordNet: 2. (91) fact - (a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; 'he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts') WN 'truth': 1. (17) truth - (a fact that has been verified; 'at last he knew the truth'; 'the truth is that he didn't want to do it')`
Super-classes	StatementOfFact^c
Restrictions	isTrueIn^op some (ContextType^c or Context^c or Theory^c or PossibleWorld^c)
Sub-classes	Truth^c

TrueStatement-RealWorld^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrueStatement-RealWorld`
Description	Each 'TrueStatement-RealWorld' is a ''TrueStatement'' pertaining to the ''RealWorld'' that has been verified to a hgh degree of certainty by Observing, i.e. is also a 'VerifiedFact'. NOTE that a ''TrueStatement-RealWorld'' can be composed of multiple ''TrueStatement-RealWorld''s. `This corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'fact' and and sense 1 of 'truth'in WordNet: 2. (91) fact - (a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; 'he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts') WN 'truth': 1. (17) truth - (a fact that has been verified; 'at last he knew the truth'; 'the truth is that he didn't want to do it')`
Super-classes	StatementOfFact^c VerifiedFact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value TrueInTheRealWorld^c isTrueIn^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c
Sub-classes	RealWorldTruth^c

TrumpCard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrumpCard`
Description	A ''TrumpCard'' is a card of a suit that is declared to be 'trumps', a Role that lasts only as long as that game. This is most often seen in a ''BridgeGame''but other card games may be created that use a similar rule of play. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trump' in WordNet: 1. trump, trump card - (a playing card in the suit that has been declared trumps; 'the ace of trumps is a sure winner')`
Super-classes	Role^c PlayingCard^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value BridgeGame^c isaComponentElementOf^op value DeckOfCards^c

TrumpingAnOpponent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrumpingAnOpponent`
Description	''TrumpingAnOpponent'' is a type of ''DefeatingAnOpponent''in which an agent uses some strategy or special resource that is superior to the opponent's resource used for some part of a contest. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'trump' in WordNet: 2. outdo, outflank, trump, best, scoop - (get the better of; 'the goal was to best the competition')`
Super-classes	DefeatingAnOpponent^c
Restrictions	hasMainTopic^op value PolicyProposal^c

Truncated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Truncated

Description

''Truncated'' is the attribute of an Object that has been shortened - usually applied to 3-dmensonal Objects, whether abstract or physical.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'truncated' in Wordnet:
          2. truncate, truncated - (terminating abruptly by having or as if having
             an end or point cut off; 'a truncate leaf'; 'truncated volcanic mountains';
             'a truncated pyramid')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

TruncatedCone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TruncatedCone`
Description	A ''TruncatedCone'' is an Object shaped mostly like a ''Cone'' but having the tapering end truncated by removing the end part along a plane parallel to the base. `NOTE:this ''TrunatedCone'' is a subtype of ''Cone'' but probably needs a different parent. Perhaps it is a 'part of a cone'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truncated cone' in WordNet: 1. truncated cone - (a frustum formed from a cone)`
Super-classes	Cone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Truncated^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat-topped^c

Truncating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Truncating`
Description	''Truncating'' is a ''Shortening'' of some Object, not for an Action.. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'truncate' in WordNet: 3. truncate, cut short - (make shorter as if by cutting off; 'truncate a word'; 'Erosion has truncated the ridges of the mountains')`
Super-classes	Shortening^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Truncated^c hadObjectModified^op some (Object^c or ObjectType^c)

Trundling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trundling`
Description	''Trundling'' is a ''Translocation'' of a Wheeled vehicle that is relatively heavy for its size and type) and is moving on a solid surface at a slow or moderate speed (not fast), and is heavy, which may cause the vehicle to make a rumbling sound as it moves. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trundle' in WordNet: 1. (3) trundle - (move heavily; 'the streetcar trundled down the avenue')`
Super-classes	Translocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Slow^c isPerformedBy^op value WheeledTransportationDevice^c isPerformedBy^op value HeavyObject^c

Trunk-BodyCore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trunk-BodyCore`
Description	$Trunk-BodyCore is a specialization of #$ExternalAnatomicalPart and #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$Trunk-BodyCore is a body core of a vertebrate. A #$Trunk-BodyCore is the main portion of the animal's body, generally located centrally, and one can conceive of an animal's body as a #$Trunk-BodyCore to which are connected the head and various appendages which together make up the entire body. To refer to a human #$Trunk-BodyCore use the more specific term, #$Torso. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'trunk' in WordNet: 3. torso, trunk, body - (the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; 'they moved their arms and legs and bodies')
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	Torso^c

TrunkOfAnElephant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrunkOfAnElephant

Description

An Elephant's long nose.

     In CYC called 'Trunk-TheAppendage"'

    SUMO: The Organ of Smelling.

     Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'trunk' in WordNet:
       5. proboscis, trunk - (a long flexible snout as of an elephant)

Super-classes Nose^c
Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c

TrunkOfCar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrunkOfCar

Description

The storage compartment of an Automobile that is eitfer in the rear or the front, with a hatch or lid that opens from the outside.

    CYC: The enclosed trunk of a car found in notchback
        cars, for instance.

      Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'trunk' in WordNet:  
         4. luggage compartment, automobile trunk, trunk -
           (compartment in an automobile that carries luggage or 
           shopping or tools; 'he put his golf bag in the trunk')
       WN noun 'boot':
          2. (1) boot - (British term for the luggage compartment in a car)

Super-classes StorageConstruct^c
VehiclePart^c
ManufacturedGoods^c
AutoPart^c

Truss^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Truss`
Description	A ''Truss'' is a bandage-like strap and pad that is worn around the hip and loins of a MalePerson to hold in intestinal material that might otherwise pass through an ''InguinalHernia''. This is a palliative treatment that does not cure the underlying condition. A cure would be a 'hernia operation' that closes the Hernia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truss' in WordNet: 1. truss - ((medicine) a bandage consisting of a pad and belt; worn to hold a hernia in place by pressure)`
Super-classes	Bandage^c SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value InguinalHernia^c supportsPartly^op value InguinalHernia^c

Trust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trust`
Description	''Trust'' is a Feeling of confidence in the ability of another 'IntentionalAgent' to perform a certain task, or to generally perform well, even for unexpected tasks, or to keep his/her word; this is a Feeling of near-certainty that the other agent will perform as expected. NOTE that a person can have confidence in an animal (his horse, her dog). NOTE that this is also a subtype of ''Believing'', another MentalState. NOTE: as a ''DirectedFeeling'' this can take a direct object, which would be some ''Person''. NOTE that in COSMO, 'self-confidence' is 'Confidence' This sense includes parts of several WordNet synset senses, but is a specific type without any Wordnet type as a subtype. This includes the verb senses 1 and 3 of 'trust' in WordNet - NOTE that a Feeling is actually a type of Action in COSMO, so having a Feeling of trust is the same as performing the Action of trusting; the verb and noun are conflated here: in WordNet: WN 'trust' 'faith 2' reliance 1' 2. (3) reliance, trust - (certainty based on past experience; 'he wrote the paper with considerable reliance on the work of other scientists'; 'he put more trust in his own two legs than in the gun') 5. (1) faith, trust - (complete confidence in a person or plan etc; 'he cherished the faith of a good woman'; 'the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust') WN 'confidence' 2. (6) confidence - (a feeling of trust (in someone or something); 'I have confidence in our team'; 'confidence is always borrowed, never owned') WN verb 'trust': 1. (16) trust, swear, rely, bank - (have confidence or faith in; 'We can trust in God'; 'Rely on your friends'; 'bank on your good education'; 'I swear by my grandmother's recipes') 3. (4) believe, trust - (be confident about something; 'I believe that he will come back from the war')
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c Believing^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some IntelligentAgent^c refersToExternalEntity^op some IntentionalAgent^c isPerformedBy^op value TrustingAgent^c hasDirectObject^op value IntentionalAgent^c

TrustAccount^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrustAccount`
Description	n CYC called 'Trust-LegalEntity': The collection of all #$Organizations that exist in the form of a trust. Although most trusts, in the legal sense, are collections of property or assets, some trusts do exist, apart from the assets they own or manage, as a group of #$IntelligentAgents acting together for a common purpose (e.g., a trust agreement that names two trustees to manage a group of assets). Some instances of #$Trust-LegalEntity are also instances of #$SpeciallyCharteredInstitution (e.g. Real Estate Investment Trusts). NOTE: this type is not an Organization - this is mostly for a personal Trust managed by a Person or Organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trust' in WordNet: 1. (4) trust - (something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary); 'he is the beneficiary of a generous trust set up by his father')`
Super-classes	Account^c Property^c
Restrictions	isControlledBy^op some Trustee^c

Trusted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trusted

Description

''Trusted'' is the attribute of a Person who was the Object of the ''DirectedFeeling'' ''Tust''. This use of ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' is not common, as''Trust'' is not a transitive verb, but it also conceptually has an object, of the thing trusted.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'trusted' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) sure, trusted - ((of persons) worthy of trust or confidence; 
            'a sure (or trusted) friend')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Trustee^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trustee`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$IntelligentAgents, either #$Persons or #$Organizations, which hold or manage and invest assets for the benefit of another as a result of a #$TrustAgreement. Although the #$Trustee is one of the #$agreeingAgents in the #$TrustAgreement, it does not necessarily get paid for services arising from the #$Obligation engendered by the #$Agreement. Often a #$BankOrganization serves as #$Trustee. `RHW: 2. a person who holds the title to property for the benefit of another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trustee' in WordNet: 1. (6) trustee, legal guardian - (a person (or institution) to whom legal title to property is entrusted to use for another's benefit)`
Super-classes	Fiduciary^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value GuardingProperty^c controls^op some TrustAccount^c

TrustingAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TrustingAgent`
Description	A ''TrustingAgent'' is an IntelligentAgent that has a Feeling of ''Trust'' toward another ''IntelligentAgent''.
Super-classes	SocialBeing^c IntelligentAgent^c GovernmentEmployee^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Trust^c

Trustworthy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Trustworthy`
Description	An attribute of a Person who is not only ''Reliable'' but sufficiently so that one can trust them to do important things, such as keeping secrets, telling the truth, and protecting one's property. `CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are trustworthy, reliable. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'trustworthy' (restricted to people) in WordNet: 1. (1) trustworthy, trusty - (worthy of trust or belief; 'a trustworthy report'; 'an experienced and trustworthy traveling companion')`
Super-classes	Reliable^c Responsible^c
Sub-classes	Tightlipped^c

Truth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Truth`
Description	This sense of ''Truth'' is a set of ''TrueStatement''s that are internally consistent, but appl only to some ''PossibleWorld''. This is in essence a 'theory' that describes some possible world. By default the world described is our ''RealWorld'', but subtypes of this term can be used to describe 'truth' in any other ''PossibleWorld'', including fictional or hypothetical or mythical ones. To be 'true' in that world (see ''isTrueIn'') an Assertion has to be logically consistent with the ''Truth'' of that world, i.e. all of the ''TrueStatement''s that describe that ''PossibleWorld''. No WN sense corresponds exactly to this concept; Most closely orresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truth ' in WordNet: 2. (7) truth, the true, verity, trueness - (conformity to reality or actuality; 'they debated the truth of the proposition'; 'the situation brought home to us the blunt truth of the military threat'; 'he was famous for the truth of his portraits'; 'he turned to religion in his search for eternal verities')
Super-classes	Group^c PropositionGroup^c TrueStatement^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value TrueInaContext^c hasComponentElement^op only TrueStatement^c describes^op some PossibleWorld^c

TruthAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TruthAttribute`
Description	A TruthAttribute is an expression equivalent to the answer 'yes' or 'no' to some question, or to the values 'true' or 'false' to some assertion. For 'yes' or 'no' answers to questions, the question will be represented by the AttributeType. The value is qualitative.
Super-classes	Attribute^c
Restrictions	hasValue^op some TruthValue^c
Sub-classes	CaptivityStatus^c

TruthValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TruthValue`
Description	In COSMO 'TruthValue' is considered an Attribute of either an Abstract Proposition or a linguistic Assertion. See also the subtype 'YesOrNo'. This is a broad sense of 'truth value' and includes probabilistic estimates of truth, which are subtypes that are values of 'CredibilityAttribute'. For simple 'true of false' see the subtype 'TrueOrFalse', with its instances 'True' and 'False'.. NOTE; ''Probability'' is a quantitative attribute type, but probability values are also used as truth values. To allow this, instances of ''Probability'' will also be assigned as instances of ''TruthValue''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'truth' in WordNet; this type includes truth values far from the true value: in WordNet: 4. (3) accuracy, truth - (the quality of being near to the true value; 'he was beginning to doubt the accuracy of his compass'; 'the lawyer questioned the truth of my account')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	TrueOrFalse^c ProbablyFalse^c KnownToBeTrue^c Doubtful^c YesOrNo^c Credible^c KnownToBeFalse^c ProbablyTrue^c PossiblyTrue^c Controversial^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownTruthValue http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Likely

Truthful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Truthful`
Description	'Truthful' is an attribute of people who are disposed to tell the truth, and not lie. For the quality of an assertion being 'true' use ''TrueInaContext'' or some subtype. For an assertion that is true, use ''Truth''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'truthful' in WordNet: 1. (1) truthful, true - - (expressing or given to expressing the truth; 'a true statement'; 'gave truthful testimony'; 'a truthful person')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Sincere^c

Truthfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Truthfully

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'truthfully' in Wordnet:
           1. truthfully - (with truth; 'I told him truthfully that I had just returned
               from my vacation'; 'he answered the question as truthfully as he could')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

TryingHard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TryingHard

Description

''TryingHard'' is to exert more than the typical effort to acomplish something.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'take pains' in WordNet:
          1. (3) take pains, be at pains - (try very hard to do something)

Super-classes Attempt^c

TryingOnaGarment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TryingOnaGarment`
Description	''TryingOnaGarment'' is an Action in which a person puts on a Garment to determine if it fits properly and looks sufficiently becoming. `As the sign in the Japanese department store put it: 'ladies may go upstairs to have a fit' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'try on' in WordNet: 1. (1) try on, try - (put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice; 'Try on this sweater to see how it looks') WN noun 'trying on' 1. fitting, try-on, trying on - (putting clothes on to see whether they fit)`
Super-classes	TestingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectHandled^op some Garment^c

Tryst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tryst`
Description	The ''Tryst'' is for a meeting between two ''TwoLovers'', one of who may be married, but who are not married to each other, who keep the meeting secret for any purpose, usually so that the married partner of one of the lovers does not know of it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tryst' in WordNet: 2. assignation, tryst - (a secret rendezvous (especially between lovers))`
Super-classes	Rendezvous^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value HumanSexualIntercourse^c isPerformedBy^op value TwoLovers^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Secret^c

Tsking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tsking`
Description	Action by a Person which produces the 'tsk' sound.
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Person^c hadEmittedThing^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#tsk^c

Tsunami^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tsunami`
Description	A wave or set of waves in a body of water caused by seismic activity. NOTE1: WN gloss says that a tsunami can be caused by a volcanic eruption, which is true, but the wave is caused by an Earthquake accompanying the eruption, so the logic only indicates an Earthquake as cause. NOTE2: a large earthquake-caused ocean wave is only called a ''Tsunami'' if it reaches shore and causes significant damage or destruction to shoreline objects (and often but not necessarily people). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tsunami' in WordNet: 1. (22) tsunami - (a cataclysm resulting from a destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption; 'a colossal tsunami destroyed the Minoan civilization in minutes')
Super-classes	OceanWave^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Earthquake^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Huge^c

TsunamiImpact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TsunamiImpact`
Description	A ''TsunamiImpact'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' in which a ''Tsunami'' wave comes ashore and causes some damage. This is what is often called a 'tsunami and is the apparent intended meaning of the WN tsunami' entry. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tsunami' in WordNet: 1. (22) tsunami - (a cataclysm resulting from a destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption; 'a colossal tsunami destroyed the Minoan civilization in minutes')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c StrikingAnObjectEvent^c ApplyingAForce^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Destructive^c occursAt^op value Shoreline^c isPerformedBy^op value Tsunami^c hadObjectStruck^op value Shoreline^c causes^op value Disaster^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dangerous^c

Tub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tub`
Description	CYC: The collection of all tubs - containers whose height and width are roughly equal, which have no top, and which frequently have a lipped edge. `''Bathtub'' is a subtype. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'tub' in Wordnet: 1. (7) bathtub, bathing tub, bath, tub - (a relatively large open container that you fill with water and use to wash the body) 2. (1) tub, vat - (a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids)`
Super-classes	LiquidContainer^c Basin^c
Sub-classes	Vat^c Bathtub^c Washtub^c

Tuba^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tuba`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuba' in WordNet: 1. bass horn, sousaphone, tuba - (the lowest brass wind instrument)`
Super-classes	BrassInstrument^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LowPitch^c

Tube^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tube`
Description	SUMO: A long (longer than wide), narrow, and hollow Artifact that is designed for moving Fluids from place to another. It can be straight or curved. It is not a 'cylinder' because in COSMO a Cylinder must be straight; it is TubeShaped. NOTE: This is generic and includes large pipes and even 'squeeze tubes'. For small-diameter ''Tube''s use subtype ''Tubing''. COSMO: a solid Cylinder-shaped object, hollow in the center throughout its length, which can be straight or curved, rigid or flexible. A straight pipe and a rolled-up garden hose are instances, but TubeShaped layers that contain solid material inside are also instances, and this distinguishes a 'Tube' from its subtype 'Pipe', which cannot have a solid fixed inside. NOTE: although a Tube is designed for things to pass through, and is therefore not a storage container, it can 'contain' things while they are passing through, or temporarily stopped. A ''Tube'' and a ''TubeGeometrical'' have similar shapes, but things that has the shape of a .''TubeGeometrical'' will generally be more circular in cross-section than a generic ''TubularObject'' which could be a "Tunnel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tube' in WordNet: 1. (27) tube, tubing - (conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases)
Super-classes	RoundObject^c SolidObject^c TubularObject^c ContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasTheShapeOfa^op value TubeGeometrical^c hasShape^op value TubeShaped^c
Sub-classes	HairRoller^c SqueezeTube^c HypodermicNeedle^c Pipe^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheTransAlaskaPipeline

TubeGeometrical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TubeGeometrical`
Description	TubeGeometrical is an abstract Geometrical thing with a tube shape. For the physical 'Tube' see 'Tube'. `Notice that a Tube, unlike a Cylinder, does not have to be straight; it can be a bent cylinder. Cyc: A specialization of #$Cylinder (q.v.). Each instance of #$Tube is a hollow cylinder whose height is much greater than the radius of its base. Examples include spatially-localized objects, such as pipes and hoses, as well as certain abstract cylinders..`
Super-classes	RoundObject^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value TubeShaped^c hasCrossSectionalShape^op value Circle^c

TubeShaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TubeShaped

Description

The property of a three-dimensional object that has a circular cross-section, is hollow in the center, and extends in the third dimension by a length at least three times that of the diameter of the circle. Something can be TubeShaped even if it is curved, like a rolled-up garden hose; therefore it may be but is not necessarily Cylindrical. This could also be the property of a tube-shaped layer with the center filled with some other material, such as the insulation on an electrical wire. See also ''Cochlea'' for example of use.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tubular' in WordNet:
          1. (1) tubular, cannular, tubelike, tube-shaped, vasiform - (constituting a tube;
            having hollow tubes (as for the passage of fluids))

Super-classes Hollow^c
ShapeAttribute^c

Tuber^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tuber`
Description	A subterranean parts of a plant that is not a ''Root'' but bulbous and used by the plant for energy storage. `RHW: Bot. a fleshy, usually oblong or rounded thickening or outgrowth, as the potato, of a subterranean stem or shoot, bearing minute scalelike leaves with buds or eyes in their axils from which new plants may arise. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuber' in WordNet: 1. tuber - (a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isTheTuberOfa^op some (Plant^c or PlantType^c)
Sub-classes	Eggplant^c SweetPotato^c Potato^c

Tuberculosis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tuberculosis

Description

CYC: A collection of infections. Instances of #$Tuberculosis are infectious diseases caused by species of Mycobacterium. Those are diseases of man and animals. Any organ may be affected, in man it is primarily the lungs that are also the usual portal for the infection to reach other organs.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuberculosis' in WordNet:
          1. (4) tuberculosis, TB, T.B. - 
             (infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli 
             and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs 
             but in various other parts of the body in acute stages))

Super-classes LifeThreateningCondition^c
ChronicCondition^c
BacterialInfection^c

Tubing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tubing`
Description	A ''Tubing'' is a flexible ''Hose'' designed to carry relatively small quantities of a liquid or gas over short distances,shorter than for a garden hose or fire hose. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'tubing' in WordNet: 1. (4) tube, tubing - (conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases)`
Super-classes	Hose^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c

TubularObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TubularObject`
Description	Any object (artifact or natural) that is ''TubeShaped'', long and thin, and hollow with an approximate circular corss-section, but unlike a Cylinder, can be curved. The cross-section can deviate from a circle, though the length needs to be much larger than the interior diameter.
Super-classes	HollowObject^c SolidObject^c RoundObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value TubeShaped^c
Sub-classes	Pipe-GenericConduit^c Tunnel^c Endoscope^c BodyPassageway^c BloodVessel^c Tube^c Sheath^c

TuckingSomethingIntoSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TuckingSomethingIntoSomething`
Description	'Tucking's to insert something into a location where the thing insered fits 'snugly'', i.e. it is in contact with the object into which it is inserted on at least two sides. This includes tucking a shirt into a waistband and tucking a child into bed, and tucking an object into a pocket. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuck' in WordNet: 1. (8) tuck, insert - (fit snugly into; 'insert your ticket into the slot'; 'tuck your shirttail in')`
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation^c

Tuesday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tuesday

Description

The Class of all calendar Tuesdays.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tuesday' in Wordnet:
        1. (12) Tuesday, Tues - (the third day of the week; the second working day)

Super-classes Weekday^c

TuftOfStrands^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TuftOfStrands`
Description	A ''TuftOfStrands'' is a ''Cluster'' of strands of hair or other strand-like part of an Organism, that is distinguishable as a Group from the remainder of the strands on that Animal. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'tuft' in WordNet: 1. (1) tuft, tussock - (a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass) 2. tuft - (a bunch of feathers or hair)`
Super-classes	Cluster^c
Sub-classes	WispOfHair^c

Tugboat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tugboat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tugboat' in WordNet: 1. tugboat, tug, towboat, tower - (a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships)`
Super-classes	Motorboat^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Powerful^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value PullingOrPushingaShip^c

TukTuk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TukTuk`
Description	A ''TukTuk'' is a small three-wheeled Automobile used to transport people on short trips in exchange for a fare, in the same manner as a ''Taxicab'' but smaller and not having the long-haul capability of a Taxicab. Also called an ''Auto rickshaw'' for its similarity to a 'rickshaw' in size and shape. . Wikipedia: An auto rickshaw is a motorized version of the pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw. Most have three wheels and do not tilt. They are known by many terms in various countries including auto, baby taxi, bajaj, chand gari, lapa, tuk-tuk, 3wheel or tukxi. The auto rickshaw is a common form of urban transport, both as a vehicle for hire and for private use, in many countries around the world, especially those with tropical or subtropical climates, including many developing countries. As of 2019, Bajaj Auto of Pune, India is the world's largest auto rickshaw manufacturer, selling 780,000 during the fiscal year.
Super-classes	Role^c Automobile^c

Tularemia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tularemia`
Description	A bacterial disease associated with both animals and man. The rabbit is most often involved in disease outbreaks. If caused by insect bites, early symptoms include ulceration at the bite location with swelling of the regional lymph node. If caused by ingestion of the bacterium, produces throat and abdominal pain with diarrhea and vomiting. If caused by inhalation of the bacterium, produces pneumonia. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tularemia' in WordNet: 1. (2) tularemia, tularaemia, rabbit fever, deer fly fever, yatobyo - (a highly infectious disease of rodents (especially rabbits and squirrels) and sometimes transmitted to humans by ticks or flies or by handling infected animals)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c Zoonosis^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value Rodent^c isUndesirableTo^op value Rodent^c mayBePerformedByAgent^op value Person^c

Tulip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tulip`
Description	A ''Tulip'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''TulipPlant''. No sense of 'tulip' in Wordnet for the flower alone.
Super-classes	CutFlower^c
Restrictions	isTheFlowerOfa^op value TulipPlant^c

TulipPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TulipPlant

Description

A ''TulipPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'tulip', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Tulip'' in COSMO.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tulip' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) tulip - (any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly
          lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower)

Super-classes BulbousPlant^c
FloweringPlant^c

TumbleDrying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TumbleDrying`
Description	''TumbleDrying'' is a ''DryingClothes'' Action that uses a ''ClothesDryer'' rather than a ''Clothesline'' or other method for drying clothes by placing them in a position where they will be exposed to dry air. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tumble dry' in WordNet: 1. tumble dry - (dry by spinning with hot air inside a cylinder; 'These fabrics are delicate and cannot be tumbled dry')`
Super-classes	DryingClothes^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value ClothesDryer^c hadChangedEntity^op value Clothing^c

Tumbling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tumbling`
Description	An ''AcrobaticManeuver'' performed on the ground in which the . body leaps and performs some turn in the air before returning to the ground. `Corresponds to verb sense 11 of 'tumble' in WordNet: 11. tumble - (do gymnastics, roll and turn skillfully) WN noun 'tumble': 1. (1) tumble - (an acrobatic feat of rolling or turning end over end)`
Super-classes	Jumping^c AcrobaticManeuver^c
Sub-classes	Somersault^c

Tumor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tumor`
Description	A specialization of #$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$Tumor is an abnormal tissue mass found in an animal. Instances of #$Tumor include both malignant (cancerous -- see the collection #$Cancer) and benign (non-cancerous) growths which have no normal physiological cause or function. `SUMO: Any AbnormalAnatomicalStructure which consists of a mass of Tissue. Note that this class covers both malignant (i.e. cancerous) and benign tumors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tumor' in Wordnet: 1. (18) tumor, tumour, neoplasm - (an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose)`
Super-classes	UndesirableThing^c AbnormalAnatomicalStructure^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Sub-classes	MalignantTumor^c

Tuna^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tuna`
Description	'Tuna' is the flesh of the TunaFish, eaten as Food. 'tuna salad sandwich' baked tuna'. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tuna' and sense 1 of 'tuna fish' in WordNet; it is not obvious from the WordNet gloss, but the hypernym makes it clear that this WordNet synset is the food consisting of tuna flesh: in WordNet: 2. tuna, tuna fish, tunny - (important warm-water fatty fish of the genus Thunnus of the family Scombridae; usually served as steaks)`
Super-classes	Fish-TheFood^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value TunaFish^c

TunaFish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TunaFish

Description

Any Fish of the genus 'Thunnus', and certain related fish of the family 'Scombridae'. The flesh of the TunaFish is represented in COSMO as 'Tuna'.

    Wikipedia: Tuna are fish  from the family Scombridae,
          mostly in the genus Thunnus.

    RHW sense 1:
    1.  any of several large food and game fishes of the family Scombridae,
       inhabiting temperate and tropical seas. Cf. albacore,
       bluefin tuna, yellowfin tuna.

    Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tuna' in WordNet:
      3. tuna, tunny - (any very large marine food and game 
         fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters)

Super-classes BonyFish^c
MarineOrganism^c

Tundra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tundra`
Description	A specialization of #$GroundHasPermaFrost. Each instances is characterized by permanently frozen treeless land supporting a growth of mosses, lichens, grasses, rushes, and very few other forms of plant life. Source: The Times Atlas of the World (1995). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tundra' in WordNet: 1. tundra - (a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line)`
Super-classes	GeographicalZone^c Tract^c Wilderness^c EcologicalPlace^c
Restrictions	hadMissingThing^op value Tree^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cold^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Treeless^c

Tungsten^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tungsten

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of #$Tungsten.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tungsten' in WordNet:
          1. (2) tungsten, wolfram, W, atomic number 74 - 
             (a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form 
             is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found 
             in several ores including wolframite and scheelite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Tunic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tunic`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tunic' in WordNet: 2. tunic - (any of a variety of loose fitting cloaks extending to the hips or knees)`
Super-classes	Cloak^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LooseFitting^c

TuningUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TuningUp`
Description	''TuningUp'' is an ''Adjusting'' that improves performance of a Device. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tune up' in WordNet: 1. tune, tune up - (adjust for (better) functioning; 'tune the engine')`
Super-classes	Correcting^c Modification^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	causedChange^op value Improvement^c hadObjectModified^op value Device^c hasSubEvent^op value Evaluating^c
Sub-classes	FineTuning^c

Tunnel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tunnel`
Description	A 'Tunnel' is an underground PathArtifact that either has space enough to allow people or vehicles to pass from one space (larger than the tunnel) to another, or a small ''PathArtifact'' made by a burrowing Animal. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'tunnel' in WordNet 1. (1) tunnel - (a passageway through or under something, usually underground (especially one for trains or cars); 'the tunnel reduced congestion at that intersection')`
Super-classes	TubularObject^c PathArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Subterranean^c isLocatedAt^op some UndergroundLocation^c enablesOrAssists^op value TranslationAlongASurface^c
Sub-classes	Underpass^c

Tuple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tuple`
Description	A specialization of both #$MathematicalObject and #$StructuredInformationSource. Each instance of #$Tuple is a complex consisting of one or more indexed (and possibly ordered) components; it might be a single, a pair, a triple, or so on; and the components might be things of any sort whatsoever (see #$memberOfTuple). For example, a specialization of #$Tuple is #$NTupleOfIntervals (q.v.), whose instances are tuples consisting exclusively of #$ScalarIntervals (q.v.); e.g. complex numbers and physical vectors are n-tuple-intervals. Another specialization of #$Tuple is #$List (q.v.), whose instances are ordered. Each tuple has an associated index set : the set of things that serve (via an associated indexing function ) to index or individually represent the tuple's members (see #$tupleIndexSet and #$tupleMemberIndex). If the index set for a given tuple is the set of positive integers (or an initial segment thereof), then the integers' usual ordering serves to order the tuple's components, and the tuple is in fact an ordered_n-tuple, i.e. it is a #$List. But in general any set (e.g. the column names in a relational database) may be used to index the components of a tuple.
Super-classes	StructuredInformationSource^c MathematicalObject^c
Sub-classes	List^c NTupleOfIntervals^c

Turban^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turban`
Description	A ''Turban'' is a head covering worn by some Muslims, usually men. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turban' in WordNet: 1. (2) turban - (a traditional Muslim headdress consisting of a long scarf wrapped around the head)`
Super-classes	Garment^c HeadWear^c
Restrictions	isMostlyWornBy^op value MuslimPerson^c

Turbid^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turbid

Description

''Turbid'' is the ColorAttribute of liquids that have less ability to allow Light through due to suspended solids, though they are not quite ''Opaque''.

       CYC 'Murky': Substances which are Murky can just barely be seen through.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'turbid' in Wordnet:
         1. cloudy, muddy, mirky, murky, turbid - ((of especially liquids)
           clouded as with sediment; 'a cloudy liquid'; 'muddy coffee'; 'murky waters')

Super-classes ColorAttribute^c

Turbine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turbine`
Description	COSMO: This is the generic turbine, which could take fluid flow and convert it to either mechanical or electrical forms of energy. That is the Cyc interpretation. But the turbine that produces electricity first converts the flow to rotation, so the SUMO interpretation that it must be an 'Engine' (putting out mechanical power) is also correct. Cyc: The collection of all #$Turbines. Instance of its spec, #$TurbineEngine, expend #$EnergyStuff to generate #$Translation-Flow while instance of other specs, e.g. #$HydroPoweredTurbine use #$Translation-Flow to generate #$Electricity. SUMO: An Engine which converts the kinetic energy of a moving Liquid (typically Water) into mechanical energy. The restriction on vanes should specify a set of vanes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turbine' in Wordnet: 1. (3) turbine - (rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted into mechanical energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate)
Super-classes	Engine^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c PoweredDevice^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value TurbineVane^c

TurbineVane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurbineVane`
Description	A ''TurbineVane'' is a ''GenericVane'' made of some metal, attached to the ''Shaft'' of a ''Turbine''.
Super-classes	GenericVane^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Turbine^c isAttachedTo^op value Shaft^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some MetalType^c

Turf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turf`
Description	A type of soil that is at the top layer in contact with the atmosphere, and having grass on it, exteding down to the roots of the grass - often about 4 inches deep.. This is a Substance,and can be applied to ''Sod'' in place in the ground, or shaved off and rolled up for sale and reuse to establish new lawns. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turf' in WordNet: 1. (1) turf, sod, sward, greensward - (surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots)`
Super-classes	LandStuff^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Grassy^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Soil^c isAdjacentTo^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Grass^c

TurkeyBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurkeyBird`
Description	A member of the species 'Meleagris gallopavo', including wild and domesticated variants. `NOTE: the entry ''Turkey'' is used for the country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turkey' in Wordnet: 1. (2) turkey, Meleagris gallopavo - (large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food)`
Super-classes	GallinaceousBird^c
Sub-classes	TomTurkey^c

Turmoil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turmoil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turmoil' in WordNet: 1. (5) convulsion, turmoil, upheaval - (a violent disturbance; 'the convulsions of the stock market')`
Super-classes	DisorderlyActivity^c

Turn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turn

Description

       NOTE: this WN sense of 'round' is also used in a different sense for ''TournamentRound'' when 
          teams play each other one-on-one and the winner of each such contest advances to the
          next 'round'.  The proper interpretation is not clear.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turn' in WordNet:
          1. (1) turn, bout, round - ((sports) a period of play during which one team is on the offensive)

Super-classes GameEventTimeDivision^c

Turnabout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turnabout`
Description	A ''Turnabout'' is a ''ChangingDirection''. This can a turning in the opposite direction for something standing still. For a complete reversal of a direction of motion, use 'U-turn'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turnabout' in WordNet: 2. reversion, reverse, reversal, turnabout, turnaround - (turning in the opposite direction)`
Super-classes	ChangingDirection^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some MovingThing^c hadThingAffected^op some DirectionMeasure^c hadThingAffected^op some Path-Spatial^c

TurnedOff^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurnedOff

Description

An attribute of powered devices that means that they cannot perform their function because the power source has been turned off - equivalent to the adjective 'off' in the sense. of not being 'on'

Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'off' in WordNet:
  1. (3) off - (not in operation or operational; 'the oven is off';
  'the lights are off')

Super-classes UnableToFunction^c

TurnedOn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurnedOn

Description

An attribute of powered devices that means that they are not only Functional (in working order) but are also turned on and ready to go - equivalent to the adjective 'on' in the sense. of not being turned 'off. If they are actually running and performing their design function, use ''Operating''

Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'on' in WordNet:
   1. (6) on - (in operation or operational; 'left the oven on';
      'the switch is in the on position')

Super-classes Functional^c

TurningOnaHinge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurningOnaHinge`
Description	An Object ''TurningOnaHinge'' is sufficiently distinctive and common Action that it warrants an entry even though there is no one word that unambiguously labels it. Doors do this, often many times a day. `NOTE: 'OpeningaDoor'' does not always involve ''TurningOnaHinge''; opening an overhead garage door is a different kind of process.`
Super-classes	Bending^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Hinge^c

TurningSomethingInsideOut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurningSomethingInsideOut`
Description	Each 'TurningSomethingInsideOut' is a transitive Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject that is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' to turn '''Inside-Out'' so that the side that is normally facing outwards now faces inwards, and vice-versa. `NOTE: the synset includes ''Upside-Down'' inversions,but that is not included here; it is represented by ''InvertingSomething''. This is more specific than sense 2 of 'invert', corresponding only to the ''Inside-Out'' inversion. in WordNet: 2. turn back, invert, reverse - (turn inside out or upside down)`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Inside-Out^c hasObjectMoved^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c

Turnip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turnip`
Description	The ''Root'' of a ''TurnipPlant'', from which the ''TurnipStuff'' is derived. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turnip' in WordNet: 2. turnip - (root of any of several members of the mustard family)`
Super-classes	VegetableFoodObject^c PlantPart^c Root^c
Restrictions	isTheBottomPartOf^op value TurnipPlant^c

TurnipPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurnipPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turnip' in WordNet: 1. turnip, white turnip, Brassica rapa - (widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root)`
Super-classes	HerbPlant^c

TurnipStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurnipStuff`
Description	A ''Food'' prepared from the root of a ''TurnipPlant''... `RHW: the thick, fleshy, edible root of either of two plants of the mustard family, the white-fleshed Brassica rapa rapifera or the yellow-fleshed rutabaga. 2. the plant itself. 3. the root of this plant used as a vegetable`
Super-classes	VegetableMatter^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Turnip^c

Turnout^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turnout

Description

A 'Turnout'' is an ''AssemblageOfPeople'' that have gathered together for a scheduled ''SocialGathering'', such as a meeting, a sports game, or a political rally.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turnout' in WordNet:
          1. turnout - (the group that gathers together
            for a particular occasion; 'a large turnout for the meeting')

Super-classes AssemblageOfPeople^c

Turnover^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turnover`
Description	WN has 'pierogis' as a turnover. This type consideers ''Turnover''s as ''FingerFood'', but that may apply only to the drier type with a baked crust. Perhaps this needs a subtype?? `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turnover' in WordNet: 2. turnover - (a dish made by folding a piece of pastry over a filling)`
Super-classes	Food-ReadyToEat^c FingerFood^c DishOfFood^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Folded^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Pastry^c

Turquoise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turquoise`
Description	A gem consisting of ''TurquoiseStuff'.
Super-classes	Gemstone^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value TurquoiseStuff^c

TurquoiseColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurquoiseColor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turquoise' in WordNet: 2. greenish blue, aqua, aquamarine, turquoise, cobalt blue, peacock blue - (a shade of blue tinged with green)`
Super-classes	Bluish^c

TurquoiseStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurquoiseStuff`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turquoise' in WordNet: 1. (1) turquoise - (a blue to grey green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate; 'blue turquoise is valued as a gemstone')`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c GemStuff^c Mineral^c

Turret^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turret`
Description	This sense of ''Turret'' is for the small ''Tower''-like structure on top of a large ''Building''. For the 'turret' on a ''Tank'' or other military vehicle, use ''GunTurret''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turret' in WordNet: 1. turret - (a small tower extending above a building)`
Super-classes	Tower^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c isTheTopPartOf^op value Building^c

Turtle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Turtle`
Description	CYC: The collection of all turtles; a subset of #$Reptile. Elements of #$Turtle are toothless reptiles with hard or else leathery enclosing shells. Turtles may live on land or in fresh or salt water. #$Turtle constitutes an instance of #$BiologicalOrder (also called Testudinata), which is of the #$BiologicalClass #$Reptile. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turtle' in WordNet: 1. turtle - (any of various aquatic and land reptiles having a bony shell and flipper-like limbs for swimming)`
Super-classes	Quadruped^c Reptile^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoShells^c
Sub-classes	Tortoise^c SeaTurtle^c SnappingTurtle^c

TurtleBeak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TurtleBeak`
Description	In Cyc called 'Beak'. `Cyc: The collection of all beaks belonging to #$Turtles and similar animals. An individual #$Beak is a hard structure, located above the #$Mouth, which contains the #$Nostrils. For the similar structure of a #$Bird see #$Bill-Birds. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'beak' in WordNet: 1. (1) beak - (beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles))`
Super-classes	Beak^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Turtle^c isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Turtle^c

Tusk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tusk`
Description	CYC: Hard protrusions from the sides of the mouths of Elephants and Walruses, made of Ivory `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tusk' in WordNet: 2. tusk - (a long pointed tooth specialized for fighting or digging; especially in an elephant or walrus or hog)`
Super-classes	Tooth^c LongAndThinObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Ivory^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Curved^c
Sub-classes	LongTusk^c

Tutor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tutor`
Description	A ''Tutor'' is an ''Instructor'' who instructs one student at a time. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tutor' in WordNet: 1. (1) coach, private instructor, tutor - (a person who gives private instruction (as in singing or acting))`
Super-classes	Instructor^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Tutoring^c

Tutorial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tutorial`
Description	CYC: A type of #$Instructions. Tutorials (say, about ?X) are generally aimed at people who have never used ?X before, and provide an introduction about the basic kinds of things ?X can do. They do not usually provide information about more complicated abilities or features of ?X. Although the word tutorial is especially often used for tutorials of computer programs, one can imagine a tutorials for using a car, fixing a roof, etc. `A ''Tutorial'' will often have more than one lesson (a ''TutorialSession''), which may be presented on-line. NOTE: one-on-one ''Tutoring'' is a separate type. This type is somewhat narrower than noun sense 1 of 'tutorial' in WordNet: 1. (1) tutorial - (a session of intensive tuition given by a tutor to an individual or to a small number of students)`
Super-classes	Explaining^c VerbalInstructions^c ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value TutorialSession^c

TutorialSession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TutorialSession`
Description	A ''TutorialSession'' is one continuous interval of time during which an instructor conducts a ''Tutorial'' for one or more pupils - for on-line tutorials, the number of pupils can be very large.
Super-classes	Lesson^c

Tutoring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tutoring`
Description	''Tutoring'' is an Action in which students are taught one-on-one by a 'tutor'. This is for Instruction outside an educational institution, usually one-on-one teacher and student, but possibly including more than one student. `This is for the entire Group of ''Tutoring'' lessons with the same Tutor and pupil(s). For one of those sessions use: ''TutoringLesson''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tutelage' in WordNet: 1. tutelage, tuition, tutorship - (teaching pupils individually (usually by a tutor hired privately)) WN verb 'tutor': 1. (1) tutor - (be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction; 'She tutored me in Spanish')`
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c ActionGroup^c Instructing^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Tutor^c hasComponentElement^op value TutoringLesson^c

TutoringLesson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TutoringLesson`
Description	CYC 'TutorialLesson': The collection of all #$Lessons in which one #$Teacher instructs one #$Student. `This is a part (a 'component element) of a ''Tutoring' activity. in WordNet: 1. (6) lesson - (a unit of instruction; 'he took driving lessons')`
Super-classes	Lesson^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Tutor^c isaComponentElementOf^op value Tutoring^c

Tutu^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tutu`
Description	CYC: The collection of short skirts worn by ballerinas. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tutu' in WordNet: 2. ballet skirt, tutu - (very short skirt worn by ballerinas)`
Super-classes	WomensClothing^c Skirt^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Ballerina^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Ballet^c

Tuxedo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tuxedo`
Description	A ''Tuxedo'' is a ''Suit'' (this is just the combination of jacket and pants) that has fine texture and shape to make it look neat. Often expensive, but the price varies a lot. May or may not have long tails. There is a distinction between 'semiformal' and 'formal' wear that is not used in common speech. A ''Tuxedo'' may be considered 'semiformal' or 'black tie' whereas fully 'formal' requires tails and 'white tie'. That distinction is not yet represented here. CYC: The collection of all tuxedos, a kind of attire for very formal or very frivolous occasions. NOTE: For the full outfit with Tuxedo (jacket and pants) and accessories use ''TuxedoOutfit''. NOTE: the term 'dinner jacket' is not used in COSO as a synonym of 'tuxedo', as it seems to be in WN. That seems too confusing. ''DinnerJacket'' is a separate type, for a formal jacket, and ''Tuxedojacket'' is a FormalJacket that is part of a Tuxedo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuxedo' in WordNet: 1. dinner jacket, tux, tuxedo, black tie - (semiformal evening dress for men)
Super-classes	MensClothing^c SuitOfClothing^c FormalWear^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value TuxedoJacket^c hasComponentElement^op value TuxedoPants^c

TuxedoJacket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TuxedoJacket`
Description	A ''TuxedoJacket'' is the Jacket component of a ''Tuxedo'' (jacket and pants).
Super-classes	DinnerJacket^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Tuxedo^c

TuxedoOutfit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TuxedoOutfit`
Description	A ''TuxedoOutfit'' is a ''ClothingOutfit'' that includes the 'Tuxedo'' ( just the ''Suit'' with jacket and pants) plus any and all other ''ClothingAccessory''s worn at any given time. `For just the 'suit' of jacket and pants use ''Tuxedo''. Includes but may be broader than noun sense 1 of 'tuxedo' in WordNet: 1. dinner jacket, tux, tuxedo, black tie - (semiformal evening dress for men)`
Super-classes	FormalWear^c ClothingOutfit^c MensClothing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value TuxedoShirt^c hasComponentElement^op value Tuxedo^c mayHavePart^op value Cummerbund^c hasComponentElement^op value TuxedoShoe^c

TuxedoPants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TuxedoPants`
Description	A ''TuxedoPants'' is the Pants component of a ''Tuxedo'' (jacket and pants).
Super-classes	DressPants^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value Tuxedo^c

TuxedoShirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TuxedoShirt`
Description	CYC: The collection of all shirts designed to be worn with a tuxedo.
Super-classes	DressShirt^c LongSleeveShirt^c

TuxedoShoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TuxedoShoe`
Description	A ''TuxedoShoe'' is a ''Shoe'' that is worn as part of a ''TuxedoOutfit''.
Super-classes	FormalShoe^c

Tweaking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tweaking

Description

A ''Tweaking'' is a ''PinchingEvent'' that includes a twist or pull.

      RHW 'tweak':
          1. to pinch and pull with a jerk and twist: to tweak someone's ear; 
              to tweak someone's nose.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tweak' in WordNet:
          1. tweak - (pinch or squeeze sharply)

Super-classes PinchingEvent^c

Tweed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tweed`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tweed' in WordNet: 1. (3) tweed - (thick woolen fabric used for clothing; originated in Scotland)`
Super-classes	Fabric^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woolen^c isUsedToMake^op value ClothingItem^c

Tweet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tweet`
Description	A ''Tweet'' is a audible sound made by a 'Bird'' when it is ''Tweeting'' or (when repeated) when ''Chirping'' or ''Twittering''. `Includes noun sense 1 of 'peep' and sense 1 of 'chirp' and sense 1 of 'tweet' in WordNet: WN noun 'peep': 1. cheep, peep - (the short weak cry of a young bird) WN noun 'tweet': 1. tweet - (a week chirping sound as of a small bird) WN 'chirp': 1. chirp - (a sharp sound made by small birds or insects)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Tweeting^c

Tweeting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tweeting`
Description	NOTE: this 'Tweeting'' is for one 'tweet' of a ''Bird''. For the repeated chirping, use ''Chirping''. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tweet' in WordNet: 1. tweet, twirp - (make a weak, chirping sound; 'the small bird was tweeting in the tree')`
Super-classes	MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Bird^c alwaysCauses^op value Tweet^c usedBodyPart^op value BirdBill^c

Tweezers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tweezers`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tweezers' in WordNet: 1. pincer, pair of pincers, tweezer, pair of tweezers - (a hand tool for holding consisting of a compound lever for grasping)`
Super-classes	Device-UserPowered^c GrippingTool^c

Twentieth-century^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twentieth-century

Description

Pertaining to ''The1900s'' (the 'twentieth Century')

        twentieth-century

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

TwiddlingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwiddlingSomething`
Description	''TwiddlingSomething'' is a transitive Action that is a ''PersistentState'' during which some PhysicalObject that is part of a hand or something held in the hand is moved in small fast motions while the hand itself is not moved by more than a few nchesinany direction. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'twiddle' in WordNet: 2. twiddle, fiddle with - (manipulate, as in a nervous or unconscious manner; 'He twiddled her thumbs while waiting for the interview')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c UsingTheHand^c SupportingSomething^c
Restrictions	requiredBodypart^op value Hand^c alwaysCauses^op value Motion^c

Twig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twig`
Description	A ''Twig'' is a short slender ''PlantBranch'', whether still alive and on the Plant or separated, whether still moist or dry. One finds lots of ''Twig''s on the foor of a woods where the drier ones may exhibit a ''Snap'' when stepped on. When fresh it may have buds or flowers or cones on it and be taken for use as decoration. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twig' in WordNet: 1. (1) branchlet, twig, sprig - (a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year)`
Super-classes	PlantBranch^c Protrusion^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op only TreeOrBushType^c
Sub-classes	Wicker^c

Twin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twin`
Description	A ''BiologicalSibling'' who was born in the same ''BirthEvent'' as another ''BiologicalSibling''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twin' in WordNet: 1. (1) twin - (either of two offspring born at the same time from the same pregnancy)`
Super-classes	BiologicalSibling^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value TwinBirthEvent^c isaSiblingOf^op exactly 1

TwinBirthEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwinBirthEvent`
Description	A ''TwinBirthEvent'' is a ''BirthEvent'' in which a Mammal gives birth to two newborn Mammals, usually occuring within a short time, typically on the same day, within a few minutes of each other. `No WN sense found,`
Super-classes	BirthEvent^c
Restrictions	hadNewborn^op max 2

Twine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twine`
Description	A piece of 'twine'. `RHW: a strong thread or string composed of two or more strands twisted together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twine' in WordNet: 1. string, twine - (a lightweight cord)`
Super-classes	Cord^c BraidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Strand^c

Twinge^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twinge

Description

CYC: The attribute-type associated with feeling

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twinge' in WordNet:
          1. (2) pang, stab, twinge - (a sudden sharp feeling;
            'pangs of regret'; 'she felt a stab of excitement'; 'twinges of conscience')

Super-classes Dissatisfaction^c

Twinkle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twinkle`
Description	This ''Twinkle'' is for a 'twinkle' in a Person's eye when s/he is feeling ''Merriment''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'twinkle' in WordNet: 2. sparkle, twinkle, spark, light - (merriment expressed by a brightness or gleam or animation of countenance; 'he had a sparkle in his eye'; 'there's a perpetual twinkle in his eyes')`
Super-classes	Sprightliness^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Eye^c expressesMentalState^op value Merriment^c

Twirling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twirling`
Description	'Twirling'' is the transitive act of causing some SolidObject to spin (perform ''Spinning''). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'twirl' in WordNet: 2. (1) whirl, birl, spin, twirl - (cause to spin; 'spin a coin')`
Super-classes	RotatingSomething^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Spinning^c hadThingAffected^op value SolidObject^c

TwirlingaBaton^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwirlingaBaton`
Description	''TwirlingaBaton'' is a 'Twirling'' in which the thing caused to spin is a ''"Baton''. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'twirl' in WordNet: 2. (1) whirl, birl, spin, twirl - (cause to spin; 'spin a coin')`
Super-classes	RotatingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Baton^c isPerformedBy^op value BatonTwirler^c

Twisted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twisted

Description

''Twisted'' is the attribute of an Object that has been bent by ''Twisting''. This can be appled to objects other than ''CordlikeObject''s, but they have to be flexible, at least susceptible to pressure over time (such as things twisted by a persistent wind).

        In CYC this is a 'CordlikeObject'' that has been twisted; in COSMO
          this is the attribute itself.
       CYC: The collection of #$CordlikeObject whose instances
        consist of twisted fibers like rope or cable.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'twisting' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) twined, twisted - (wound or wrapped around something; 'hair twined around her fingers';
              'bulky with twisted stitches around the edges')
          2. (1) contorted, distorted, twisted - (strained or wrenched out of normal shape; 
              'old trees with contorted branches'; 'scorched and distorted fragments of steel'; 
              'trapped under twisted steel girders')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Bent^c

TwistedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwistedObject`
Description	A CordlikeObject has a shape with more than a few turns, such as KnotShapedObject or a CoiledObject. This sense is for PhysicalObjects. This is a class that includes any object that can be said to be 'twisted'
Super-classes	CordlikeObject^c
Sub-classes	BraidedObject^c Knot^c Helix^c CoiledObject^c

Twisting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twisting`
Description	A ShapeChange in which an elongated object (or some part of one) goes from a relatively straight shape to a sharply curved shape with more than one curve, at different angles. often this leads to a spiral-shaped object, but not necessarily; forming a knot is a form of 'Twisting'. `For sense 2 of 'twist' use subtype ''Bending'' Includes verb sense 4, and 5 of 'twist' in WordNet: 4. (1) twist, twine, distort - (form into a spiral shape; 'The cord is all twisted') 5. (1) twist - (form into twists; 'Twist the strips of dough')`
Super-classes	Bending^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some CordlikeObject^c produces^op some TwistedObject^c
Sub-classes	Intertwining^c TanglingCords^c

Twitch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twitch

Description

A ''JerkingMotion'' of some BodyPart. This differs from ''Twitching'' in that this motion causes some limb to move, whereas a ''Twitching'' is brief and does not cause a limb movement.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'twitch' and verb sense 2 of 'jerk' in Wordnet:
             1. (4) jerk, twitch - (move with abrupt, seemingly uncontrolled motions;
             'The patient's legs were jerking')

Super-classes JerkingMotion^c

Twitching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twitching`
Description	NOTE this differs from a ''Twitch'' in not causing any motion of a limb. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twitching' in WordNet: 1. twitch, twitching, vellication - (a sudden muscle spasm; especially one caused by a nervous condition)`
Super-classes	Spasm^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sudden^c
Sub-classes	FacialTic^c

Twittering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twittering`
Description	''Twittering'' is a repeated high-pitched chirping sound made by some birds (usually small birds). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'twitter' in WordNet: 1. chitter, twitter - (make high-pitched sounds, as of birds)`
Super-classes	Chirping^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value HighPitched^c

Two-Day^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Two-Day`
Description	''Two-Day'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''TwoDays'' or of Actions that take ''TwoDays''
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Two-Hour^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Two-Hour`
Description	''Two-Hour'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''TwoHours'' or of Actions that take ''TwoHours''
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

Two-Timer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Two-Timer`
Description	A ''Two-Timer'' is a ''Wrongdoer'' who has performed a ''TwoTimimg'' Action by having sexual relations with someone other than the spouse or other committed sexual partner. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'two-timer' in WordNet: 1. two-timer - (someone who deceives a lover or spouse by carrying on a sexual relationship with somebody else)`
Super-classes	Deceiver^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value TwoTiming^c

Two-Week^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Two-Week

Description

''Two-Week'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for two weeks, or plans that specify Events over the course of two weeks.

       No WN or RHW sense for this concept.

Super-classes LastingForSomeTime^c

Two-Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Two-Year-Old`
Description	''Two-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are two years old, i.e. were created or born two years in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Two-time^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Two-time

Description

''Two-time'' is the attribute some Event (usually an action) that occurs twidce, or of a Person who has performed some Action twice: 'two-time winner of the cup'.

       NOTE: the term 'two-time' is used as a verb - see 'TwoTiming'.

       NO WN or RHW adjective for this - WN adjective ''One-time' is related.
     .

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Two-way^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Two-way

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'two-way' in Wordnet:
           3. two-way - (operating or permitting operation in either of two opposite directions;
              'a two-way valve'; 'two-way traffic'; 'two-way streets')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

TwoAdjacentClauses^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoAdjacentClauses`
Description	''TwoAdjacentClauses'' are two ''GrammarClause''s that are separated by a ''Comma'' or ''Semicolon''.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only GrammarClause^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Adjacent^c

TwoAgentAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoAgentAction`
Description	A 'TwoAgentAction' is a 'MultiPersonAction' that is characterized by the participation of two salient Agents, each of which is a Person, GroupOfPeople, or Organization (i.e. either an individual or collective human agent). `There may in fact be more than two people involved as agents, but for this type, the perspective chosen will consider only two salient 'agents', either of which can be an individual person, Organization, or some group of people. Thus two teams competing is an instance of 'TwoAgentAction', or an Individual Person being interviewed by a Group of People, or two individual people involved in a Action such as a competition or cooperation event, such as buying and selling, or making an agreement.`
Super-classes	MultiAgentAction^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some TwoAgentGroup^c
Sub-classes	StipulatingaCondition^c MakingaContract^c MakingaTwoAgentDeal^c MakingaTwoAgentAgreement^c OralSex^c Romance^c SexualCopulation^c

TwoAgentAgreement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoAgentAgreement`
Description	An Agreement in which there are two AgreeingAgents (either or both of which could be a collective agent).
Super-classes	Agreement^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some MakingaTwoAgentAgreement^c
Sub-classes	Account^c TwoAgentDeal^c

TwoAgentContract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoAgentContract`
Description	An 'Contract' in which there are two AgreeingAgents (either or both of which could be a collective agent).
Super-classes	TwoAgentDeal^c Contract^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some MakingaTwoAgentContract^c

TwoAgentDeal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoAgentDeal`
Description	A 'TwoAgentDeal' is a 'TwoAgentAgreement' in which the two AgreeingAgents make a 'Deal', specifying the obligations of each participating Agent.
Super-classes	TwoAgentAgreement^c Deal^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op some MakingaTwoAgentDeal^c
Sub-classes	TwoAgentContract^c Subscription^c

TwoAgentGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoAgentGroup`
Description	Each 'TwoAgentGroup' Group, each component element of which is some GenericAgent..
Super-classes	Pair^c AgentGroup^c PluralThing^c
Sub-classes	PersonAndAnimal^c BankAndCustomer^c

TwoAlternativeActions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoAlternativeActions`
Description	''TwoAlternativeActions''is a 'ListOfAlternatives' having only two members, each of which is an ''ActionType''. `See also ''YesNoDecision''. e.g. 'BedTimeSituation' demands ''ChoosingBetween'' 'GoingToBed' or 'StayingUp' This can be referred to as a ''binary choice'.`
Super-classes	ListOfAlternatives^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op min 2

TwoArgumentValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoArgumentValue`
Description	Each 'TwoArgumentValue' is an AttributeValue that specifies the two argument values for an instance of a CompactedTernaryRelation. This is a mechanism to represent ternary relations in the binary relation format of OWL. See ''compactedRelation'' and its subproperties for further discussion of hw this is used to facilitatte conversion of the OWL version of COSMO to FOL. `Each instance of 'TwoArgumentValue' will have relations pointing to the two arguments that make up the ternary assertion that is represented. For example, to specify that a 'Quadruped' has four legs, we use a 'PartCardinalityValue'; see also 'Quadruped' for this example.`
Super-classes	QuantitativeAttributeValue^c AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	QuantityAndDifference^c PartCardinalityValue^c ObjectCardinalityValue^c

TwoBodyPartsType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoBodyPartsType`
Description	''TwoBodyPartsType'' is a metatype that can be used to express facts that certain Actions involve the participation of two 'AnimaBodyPart''s. The subtypes of this type can be used to label pairs of ''AnimalBodyPart''s that are involved in certain Actions.
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPartType^c
Sub-classes	TwoLegsOrFeetType^c
Members	BothSideburns BothEars BothBreasts TearyEyes BothArms BothTusks WideOpenEyes BothHands BothLips BothEyes BothHeels BothThumbs BothWings

TwoCloseRelatives^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoCloseRelatives`
Description	''TwoCloseRelatives'' is two people who are closely related by blood, such as two siblings or a parent and child. This can be used for people of any age. .
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c PairOfAnimals^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Person^c

TwoColumnTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoColumnTable`
Description	A 'TwoColumnTable' is a Table each Row of which has exactly two elements, i.e. it has two columns.
Super-classes	List^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op only ListPair^c

TwoDimensionalArtObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDimensionalArtObject`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$ArtObjects which are primarily two dimensional. Positive examples of subcollections include #$Painting-ArtForm, #$PenAndInkDrawing, and #$Engraving. Negative examples include #$Sculpture or #$LiteraryWork-CW.
Super-classes	FineArtObject^c TwoDimensionalThing^c
Sub-classes	StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm^c Mosaic^c Collage^c Carving-2D^c Calligraphy-ArtObject^c Hand-RenderedImage^c

TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDimensionalGeometricThing`
Description	COSMO note: this can be physical or abstract, though describable in geometric terms. `CYC: The collection of #$GeometricallyDescribableThings (q.v.) that are two-dimensional. Each instance of #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing is a two-dimensional object whose shape is describable in geometric terms. Examples include tangible objects, such as the flat (two-dimensional) tangible surface of an oval tabletop, as well as abstract two-dimensional objects.`
Super-classes	PlanarObject^c TwoDimensionalThing^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c ShapedThing^c
Sub-classes	SectorShapedObject^c ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c Arc^c ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure^c Semicircle^c Plane^c SpaceSurface^c PlaneFigure-Geometrical^c

TwoDimensionalShapeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDimensionalShapeType`
Description	''TwoDimensionalShapeType'' is a metatype useful to specify shapes as being two-dimensional.
Super-classes	GeometricShapeType^c
Members	Rhomboid Rectangle Semicircle Trapezoid

TwoDimensionalSolidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDimensionalSolidObject`
Description	A ''TwoDimensionalSolidObject'' is any kind of ''SolidObject'' including an ObjectGroup, that is flat enough to approximate a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' in shape.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c TwoDimensionalThing^c
Sub-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c

TwoDimensionalTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDimensionalTable`
Description	Each ''TwoDimensionalTable'' is a ''Table'' having a 'horizontal' and 'vertical' dimension, visualized as being printed on a sheet of paper. The indivdual elements may be empty originally,or may be blocked in some way so as to prevent adding anything to that location.
Super-classes	TwoDimensionalThing^c Array^c Table^c
Sub-classes	PeriodicTable^c DatabaseTable^c

TwoDimensionalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDimensionalThing`
Description	Anything, physical or abstract that is either exactly or approximately two-dimensional. This includes surfaces of any kind, even if curved, such as the surface of a sphere.
Super-classes	TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c
Restrictions	hasDimensionality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoDimensional^c
Sub-classes	TwoDimensionalTable^c Surface-Generic^c TwoDimensionalGeometricThing^c TwoDimensionalSolidObject^c PhysicalArray^c Graphics^c TwoDimensionalArtObject^c

TwoElectricCircuits^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoElectricCircuits`
Description	''TwoElectricCircuits'' is a ''Pair'' of ''ElectricCircuit''s. This is typically used for circuits that are connected at some point, including an ''Electrode''.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ElectricCircuit^c

TwoElectricalDevices^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoElectricalDevices`
Description	''TwoElectricalDevices'' is a Group of exactly two ''ElectricalDevice''s.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ElectricalDevice^c

TwoElectrodes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoElectrodes`
Description	''TwoElectrodes'' is a ''Pair'' of ''Electrode''s that are at the ends of one electrical conductor path. This represents, among other things, the two electrodes on a single battery.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

TwoElectronicDevices^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoElectronicDevices`
Description	''TwoElectronicDevices'' is a Group of exactly two ''ElectronicDevice''s.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only ElectronicDevice^c

TwoFemalePeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoFemalePeople`
Description	Each ''TwoFemalePeople'' is a ''Same-SexCouple'' in which each Person is a female.
Super-classes	Same-SexCouple^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only FemalePerson^c

TwoHumanGroups^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoHumanGroups`
Description	Every ''TwoHumanGroups'' is a ''GroupOfHumanGroups'' consisting of exactl two 'GroupOfPeople''s.
Super-classes	GroupOfHumanGroups^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

TwoLanguages^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoLanguages`
Description	''TwoLanguages'' is a ''NaturalLanguageGroup'' of two languages.
Super-classes	NaturalLanguageGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

TwoLegsOrFeetType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoLegsOrFeetType`
Description	'TwoLegsOrFeetType'' is ametatype that can be used to express facts that certain Actions involve the participation of ''BothLegs'' or ''BothFeet'' of the same Person.
Super-classes	TwoBodyPartsType^c
Members	BothFeet BothLegs

TwoLiquids^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoLiquids`
Description	''TwoLiquids'' represents two different ''LiquidSubstance''s, used especially for liquids that may have some properties or perform some Actions when mixed.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some LiquidSubstanceType^c

TwoLovers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoLovers`
Description	Each ''TwoLovers'' is a ''Couple'' of two adult people (''HumanAdult''s), who have a strong loving relationship but are not married. Can be of opposite sex or of the same sex. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'couple' in WordNet: 3. (136) couple, twosome, duo, duet - (a pair who associate with one another; 'the engaged couple'; 'an inseparable twosome')`
Super-classes	Couple^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some Lover^c

TwoMalePeople^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoMalePeople`
Description	Each ''TwoMalePeople'' is a ''Same-SexCouple'' in which each Person is a male.
Super-classes	Same-SexCouple^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only MalePerson^c

TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing`
Description	A #$SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality and a specialization of #$SpatialThing, each instance of which is either a two- or three- (or higher-) dimensional spatial object. Examples include tangible or intangible spatially-localized polydimensional objects, such as the flat surface of a tabletop and the table itself, as well as abstract geometrical objects that are at least two-dimensional, such as a Platonic cube. Specializations of this collection include #$PartiallyTangible, #$BilateralObject, and #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing.
Super-classes	OneOrHigherDimensionalThing^c
Sub-classes	TwoDimensionalThing^c VolumeOfSpace^c PhysicalObject^c BilateralObject^c Curve^c PhysicalSpaceRegion^c Undulation^c ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing^c Angle^c RoundObject^c ThreeDimensionalRegion^c

TwoOutOfThree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoOutOfThree`
Description	Each ''TwoOutOfThree'' is a ''FractionalPartOfaGroup'' in which the value of the ''hasFractionMeasure'' relation is ''N_2_3''. This may be used as an approximation,expecially if the Group has a number of elements not amultiple of three.
Super-classes	FractionalPartOfaGroup^c
Restrictions	hasFractionMeasure^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N_2_3^c hasSalientFractionalPart^op some owl:Thing^c

TwoPalletProngs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoPalletProngs`
Description	Each ''TwoPalletProngs'' are the ''TwoProngs'' on a ''Forklift''..
Super-classes	TwoProngs^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Forklift^c

TwoParallelFaults^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoParallelFaults`
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only GeologicalFault^c

TwoProngs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoProngs`
Description	''TwoProngs'' is a Group of two ''Prong''s considered as a unit, usually part of the same Object.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c SolidObject^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Prong^c
Sub-classes	TwoPalletProngs^c

TwoSided^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoSided`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'two-sided' in Wordnet: 2. bilateral, two-sided - (having two sides or parts)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving^op value TwoSides^c

TwoSides^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoSides`
Description	''TwoSides'' is a Group of exactly two ''Sides''s.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

TwoSteelBeams^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoSteelBeams`
Description	This should be broadend to TwoSteelObjects, as Rivets may be used to connect steel plates to beams. @ToDo.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value SteelBeam^c

TwoStorey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoStorey`
Description	''TwoStorey'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''TwoStoreyBuilding''.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

TwoStoreyBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoStoreyBuilding`
Description	A ''TwoStoreyBuilding'' is a ''Building'' that has exactly two storeys, not including a basement or attic.
Super-classes	MultiStoreyBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasSpatialPart^op value Storey^c

TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoTerminalElectricalDevice`
Description	electrical devices with two terminals
Super-classes	ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value ElectricalTerminal^c
Sub-classes	Capacitor^c Resistor^c Diode^c ElectricalWire^c Transformer-Electric^c VoltageSource^c PowerSource^c

TwoTiming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoTiming`
Description	''TwoTiming'' is a ''Cuckolding'' in which one agent in a Marriage or close sexual relationship has sexual relations with someone other than their spouse or sexual partner. `NOTE: unclear whether this should be asubtype or parent type of ''Cuckolding''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'two-time' in WordNet: 1. two-time - (carry on a romantic relationship with two people at the same time)`
Super-classes	Cuckolding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Two-Timer^c

TwoToned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoToned`
Description	''TwoToned'' is an Attribute of a surface that is colored in different parts by two different colors. `RHW 'two-tone': having two colors or two shades of the same color: a two-tone automobile. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bicolored' in Wordnet: 1. bicolor, bicolour, bicolored, bicoloured, bichrome, dichromatic - (having two colors; 'a bicolor flower'; 'a bicolored postage stamp')`
Super-classes	Variegated^c
Sub-classes	BlackAndWhite^c

TwoWings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoWings`
Description	''TwoWings'' represents two different ''Wing''s, which could be on an Animal or a MythicalThing or FictionalTHing.
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

TwoYear^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoYear

Description

''TwoYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for two years, or plans that specify Events over the course of two years.

        'Attending a two-year college.'

Super-classes LastingForSomeTime^c

TwoYearOldChild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoYearOldChild`
Description
Super-classes	MinorChild^c
Restrictions	hasAgeInYears^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoYears^c

TyingInaBow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TyingInaBow`
Description	An Action in which some Agent causes a string, cord, or similar 'CordlikeObject' to change configuration from long and thin to a bow shape. For tying objects together using a CordlikeObject 'TyingTogether'. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'tie' in WordNet: 5. (1) tie - (form a knot or bow in; 'tie a necktie')`
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some CordlikeObject^c

TyingTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TyingTogether`
Description	A 'Fastening' Action in which some Agent uses a string, cord, or similar 'CordlikeObject' to fasten one object to another; this includes bundling multiple papers or objects together with string. The objects tied together are referenced by the relation 'hadThingAffected'. For tying a CordlikeObject in a bow, use 'TyingInaBow'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tie' in WordNet: 1. (13) tie, bind - (fasten or secure with a rope, string, or cord; 'They tied their victim to the chair')`
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some ObjectGroup^c requiredInstrument^op value CordlikeObject^c
Sub-classes	Knotting^c

TyingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TyingUp`
Description	''TyingUp'' is an Action that uses a ''CordlikeObject' to restrain an Animal from moving part or all of the body. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tie up' in WordNet: 1. (3) tie down, tie up, bind, truss - (secure with or as if with ropes; 'tie down the prisoners'; 'tie up the old newspapers and bring them to the recycling shed')`
Super-classes	KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething^c
Restrictions	prevents^op some (BodyMovementEvent^c or UsingTheHand^c or ActionType^c) uses^op value CordlikeObject^c

Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Type`
Description	COSMO: the term 'Type' in COSMO is used to refer to both the informal groupings called 'type' or 'sort' or 'kind' and also those formal intensionally-defined groupings called: Class in Ontolingua and Protege; Class in RDF and OWL; Class in SUMO; Collection in OpenCyc; Universal in DOLCE; Property in Ontology Works' IODE system The informal groupings are represented in COSMO by the subtype 'sort'. * The Type 'Type' in COSMO is intended to be equivalent to the types (classes) by those names in those other ontologies. * (isaSubtypeOf A B) means that Type A is a subtype of Type B and that all instance of Type A are also instances of Type B. However, the interpretation of these categories is not universally agreed on. In the case of ISO15926, the 'classes' of that ontology are intended to be interpreted as sets. The COSMO 'Type' is not a mathematical set. Among other problems with that interpretation is the fact that any two sets with identical members are considered as the same set. But in COSMO, any number of different Types may have the same instances in some particular context. The same issue is discussed in the SUMO documentation of 'Class'. below. In COSMO, a 'Type' is considered to be a 'Description' which is a group of necessary and/or sufficient conditions for some individual entity to be an instance of that Type. The Description can be applied to individual contexts (time, location, theoretical or hypothetical contexts) to identify the individuals in that context that are instances of the Type. Therefore, a subtype is not a subset of the parent Type and an 'instance' of a Type is not a 'member' of some set identical to the Type. Of course, one may define a mathematical Set whose members are identical to the instances of a Type in some particular context, but insofar as the instances may vary with context, any Set corresponding to the instances may vary with context, whereas the Type (i.e. the description of the conditions for 'instanceship') will be the same Type in all contexts. The necessary conditions for instanceship inherit down the chain of subtypes, whereas the sufficient conditions for membership 'inherit' (in a sense) up the chain of ancestor Types. In spite of this difference in logical interpretation, when inference is performed, the subtypes and instances of COSMO behave logically exactly the same as the classes and instances of the ontologies above - the subtypes inherit properties from the parent types and instances of a subtype are also instances of the parent Types. The explicit difference in interpretation is largely a result of the emphasis in COSMO on the need for very explicit specification of the context in which an assertion is made. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * SUMO: Classes differ from Sets in three important respects. First, Classes are not assumed to be extensional. That is, distinct Classes might well have exactly the same instances. Second, Classes typically have an associated 'condition' that determines the instances of the Class. So, for example, the condition 'human' determines the Class of Humans. Note that some Classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the Class of Abstract things is Abstract) and hence be instances of themselves. Third, the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: The collection of all Cyc collections. Cyc collections are natural kinds or classes, as opposed to mathematical sets; their instances have some common attribute(s). Each Cyc collection is like a set in so far as it may have elements, subsets, and supersets, and may not have parts or spatial or temporal properties. Sets, however, differ from collections in that a mathematical set may be an arbitrary set of things which have nothing in common (see #$Set-Mathematical). In contrast, the instances of a collection will all have in common some feature(s), some 'intensional' qualities. In addition, two instances of #$Collection can be co-extensional (i.e., have all the same instances) without being identical, whereas if two arbitrary sets had the same elements, they would be considered equal. As with any Cyc constant, an instance of #$Collection should be created only if it is expected to have some purpose or utility. Moreover, the 'best' collections to create are the ones which are impossible to define precisely, yet about which there are rules and other things to say. E.g., 'WhiteCat' is not a good element of #$Collection to create, because it's easy to define with other Cyc concepts, and there's not much to say about the collection of white cats; but 'WhiteCollarWorker' could be a good instance of #$Collection, because it is hard to define exactly, yet there are many things to say about it.
Super-classes	Sort^c
Sub-classes	MetaClass^c IndustrySector^c

TypeFont^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TypeFont`
Description	Each ''TypeFont'' is a Group of ''AbstractPrintableCharacter''s that has been assigned a name for use in printing (or in representing typed character on a computer screen). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'font' in WordNet: 1. font, fount, typeface, face - (a specific size and style of type within a type family)`
Super-classes	Group^c
Sub-classes	GothicFont^c

Typescript^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Typescript`
Description	A ''Typecript'' is a typewritten ''OriginalScript'' for some ''ConceptualWork''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'typecript' in WordNet: 1. typescript - (typewritten matter especially a typewritten copy of a manuscript)`
Super-classes	OriginalScript^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Typewritten^c

Typewriter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Typewriter

Description

A Device that prints one character at a time on a sheet of paper, as individual keys on a keyboard are struck, usually by hand.

    It may be manual or electrical, thus is not necessarily a 
    'UserPoweredDevice'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'typewriter' in WordNet:
      1. (2) typewriter - (hand-operated character printer
        for printing written messages one character at a time)

Super-classes HumanOccupationConstructObject^c
WritingDevice^c
PoweredDevice^c
DurableGood^c

Typewritten^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Typewritten

Description

''Typewritten'' is the attribute of any text in any language with a writing system, on a paper surface produced by hand typing on a ''Typewriter''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'typewritten' in Wordnet:
          1. typed, typewritten - (written on a typewriter)

Super-classes Written^c

TyphoidFever^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TyphoidFever`
Description	`one spread by 'Typhoid Mary' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'typhoid fever' in WordNet: 1. typhoid, typhoid fever, enteric fever - (serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water)`
Super-classes	BacterialInfection^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value SalmonellaTyphosa^c

Typhus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Typhus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'typhus' in WordNet: 1. (2) typhus, typhus fever - (rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and characterized by skin rash and high fever)`
Super-classes	RickettsialDisease^c

Typical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Typical`
Description	The FunctionalAttribute 'Typical', when modifying some type, is a function that creates a subtype of the type modified, and all instances of that subtype have one or more properties that are held by most of the members of that type. A 'Typical' instance of a class is also a prototypical instance. This is an intensive subtype of ''Common'' in eaning thatin this context (some type of thing) the thing described occurs so often that is it the most often observed of all the possibilities. See also logical function 'TheTypical' that can generate a typical instance of a type in an FOL implementation. Deciding what properties to select to interpret something as 'typical' of its type can vary from one person to another. The properties that make a thing typical will be specified within the meaning of this fuction, and will vary with the type being modified. Thus this function may be very complex in its implementation. One possible means of simplifying this function is to keep the list of properties that are considered in deciding 'typicality' as part of the description of the type itself. Typicality will be a function of the type, and will not constrain the typicality of subtypes. Thus the type (Typical Person) will contain many instances that are not present in the type (Typical Infant), and (Typcial Infant) will contain instances not present in (Typical PrematureBaby). In practice, the values of the attributes that are decisive in determinining typicality may be ranges of values rather than individual values, such as the height of a typical person. This method of interpreting the meaning of modification of nouns by adjectives has not yet (v0.48) been implemented in a Language Understanding program. Includes senses 1 and 3 of adjective 'typical' in Wordnet: 1. (27) typical - (exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category; 'a typical American girl'; 'a typical suburban community'; 'the typical car owner drives 10,000 miles a year'; 'a painting typical of the Impressionist school'; 'a typical romantic poem'; 'a typical case of arteritis') 3. typical - (conforming to a type; the typical (or normal) American'; 'typical teenage behavior')
Super-classes	FunctionalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Prototypical^c Distinctive^c

TypicalAdultAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TypicalAdultAnimal`
Description	Each 'TypicalAdultAnimal' has characteristics that can be used to describe a species or other biological taxon of animal.
Super-classes	AdultAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Typical^c
Sub-classes	StagDeer^c

TypicalAdultPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TypicalAdultPerson`
Description	The Type of all adult humans whose characteristics fall into the normal range for physical and mental attributes. A 'typical' subtype allows specifying attributes that are not always true of the general type, but contain useful default information. NOTE: The measures should be ranges, but as of v0.33 this has not been implemented. NOTE: * concerning the weight of a typical adult: * (from: http://www3.lehigh.edu/News/V2news_story.asp?iNewsID=1765) Even the crash test dummies are putting on weight. As Americans get heavier, the people who build and regulate cars, boats and planes are trying to keep up, adjusting design standards and safety rules to account for newly recognized safety risks posed by those extra pounds per person. The Coast Guard this week set a new standard for calculating how many passengers a vessel can bear. The Federal Aviation Administration is making similar changes for airplanes. Automakers are increasingly using plus-size dummies to test their seat belts and air bags. According to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a solid majority of Americans, 65 percent, are overweight. The average American man grew from 166 pounds in 1960 to 191 pounds in 2002, while the average woman's weight rose from 140 to 164 pounds. 'These overweight and obese people can affect other people,' said Shin-Yi Chou, a professor at Lehigh University who studies the economics of obesity. 'When you increase the weight aboard airplanes, for example, there is an increased risk. We probably need government intervention.' Last month, the National Transportation Safety Board concluded that an outdated passenger weight formula was partly to blame when a water shuttle in Baltimore Harbor capsized in March 2004, killing five people. The Lady D set out with 25 people aboard, the maximum allowed by Coast Guard rules based on a 40-year-old estimate that the average person weighs 140 pounds. In fact, the people aboard averaged 168 pounds. The boat overturned when winds gusted suddenly.
Super-classes	Role^c HumanAdult^c
Restrictions	hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoLegs^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoArms^c hasShape^op value PersonShaped^c hasMassInGrams^dp value 70000.0^c hasPartCardinality^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TwoEyes^c

Typifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Typifying`
Description	'Typifying' is the state of serving as a core (non-borderline) example of some type of thing, In an FOL ontology this could be represented as a subproperty of 'isAnInstanceOf' Includes senses 3 and 6 of 'represent' and sense 1 of 'typify' and sense 1 of 'exemplify' in WordNet: 1. (2) typify, epitomize, epitomise - (embody the essential characteristics of or be a typical example of; 'The fugue typifies Bach's style of composition') WN 'represent' 3. (14) represent - (be representative or typical for; 'This period is represented by Beethoven') 6. (8) exemplify, represent - (be characteristic of; 'This compositional style is exemplified by this fugue')
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some owl:Thing^c

Typing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Typing`
Description	The act of creating a text directly on a sheet of paper using a Typewriter, not via a computer keyboard that stores the input data for later printing. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'type' in WordNet; it is unclear whether WN 'type' includes using computer keyboards, but this COSMO type does not; the WN sense of 'typing' is ambiguous between the action and the product - it is included here. in WordNet: 1. (2) type, typewrite - (write by means of a keyboard with types; 'type the acceptance letter, please') WN noun 'typing': 1. (2) typing, typewriting - (writing done with a typewriter)`
Super-classes	Writing^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op only Typewriter^c

TypingElectronically^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TypingElectronically`
Description	The act of creating a text directly using some kind of a computer keyboard or other electronic keypad device that stores the input data for later printing. `Corresponds to part verb sense 1 of 'type' in WordNet; it is unclear whether WN 'type' includes using computer keyboards, but this COSMO type is for electronic input, and we assume that that action is covered by the WordNet synset: in WordNet: 1. (2) type, typewrite - (write by means of a keyboard with types; 'type the acceptance letter, please')`
Super-classes	Writing^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op only ComputerHardwareItem^c

Tyrant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Tyrant`
Description	A ''Tyrant'' is a ''Dictator'' (who is 'oppressive' and immune to legal constraints) and who is ''Cruel'' as well. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tyrant' in WordNet: 1. (1) tyrant, autocrat, despot - (a cruel and oppressive dictator)`
Super-classes	Dictator^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Cruel^c

U-Shaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#U-Shaped

Description

''U-Shaped'' is the property of any spatial linear object,but is used mostly for three-dimensional ''RigidObject''s that are ''U-ShapedObject''s
that are long and thin like a rope or bar, but form a 180 degree partial loop so that they look like the capital letter 'U', and are sufficiently strong and rigid so that they can resist changing shape with even moderate to strong pressure.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'U-shaped' in Wordnet:
            1. U-shaped - (shaped in the form of the letter U)

Super-classes Round^c
Curved^c

U-ShapedClasp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#U-ShapedClasp`
Description	A ''U-ShapedClasp'' is a ''Clasp''.that is a ''U-ShapedObject''. The ''Shackle'' on a padlock is one subtype, made of a strong rigid metal ''Bar''. The clasp portion of a 'safety pin' would be made of stiff wire.
Super-classes	U-ShapedObject^c Clasp^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToConnect^op value PairOfObjects^c
Sub-classes	Shackle^c

U-ShapedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#U-ShapedObject`
Description	A ''U-ShapedObject'' is a ''RigidObject'' that is ''U-Shaped'' and form a 180 degree partial loop so that it looks like the capital letter 'U', and is sufficiently strong and rigid so that it can resist changing shape with even moderate to strong pressure.
Super-classes	CurvedObject^c RigidObject^c
Sub-classes	U-ShapedClasp^c Horseshoe^c

U-turn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#U-turn`
Description	A ''U-turn'' is a ''ChangingDirectionOfMotion'' in which the direction of motion is the complete opposite of the direction before the ''U-turn''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'u-turn' in WordNet: 1. u-turn - (complete reversal of direction of travel)`
Super-classes	ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some DirectionMeasure^c hadThingAffected^op value Path-Spatial^c hadThingAffected^op some MovingThing^c

UCUMunit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UCUMunit

Description

A UnitOfMeasure linked to the UCUM classification system. This is included to link to the physiology units used in medicine, as with HL7 and the VISTA data elements.

    See 'http://unitsofmeasure.org/trac'

   '' The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include 
      all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering,
      and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of 
      quantities together with their units. The focus is on electronic communication, as 
      opposed to communication between humans. A typical application of The Unified Code
      for Units of Measure are electronic data interchange (EDI) protocols, but there is
      nothing that prevents it from being used in other types of machine communication.

 UCUM is based on the ISO 80000: 2009 Quantities and Units standards series that specify 
    the use of System International (SI) units in publications. ISO 80000 standards series 
    is developed by Technical Committee 12, International Organization of Standardization 
    (ISO/TC12) Quantities and units in co-operation with Technical Committee 25,
    International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC/TC 25).

ISO 80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units:

Part 1: General
Part 2: Mathematical signs and symbols to be used in the natural sciences and technology
Part 3: Space and time
Part 4: Mechanics
Part 5: Thermodynamics
Part 6: Electromagnetism
Part 7: Light
Part 8: Acoustics
Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics
Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics
Part 11: Characteristic numbers
Part 12: Solid state physics
Part 13: Information science and technology
Part 14: Telebiometrics related to human physiology. ''

Super-classes UnitOfMeasure^c

UFO^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UFO`
Description	CYC: The collection of all UFOs, unidentified flying objects frequently reported, esp. since 1947, to have been or observed or tracked in the sky and variously explained as being atmospheric phenomena, hallucinations, misperceptions of actual objects, alien spacecraft, etc. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ufo' in WordNet: 1. (1) unidentified flying object, UFO, flying saucer - (an (apparently) flying object whose nature is unknown; especially those considered to have extraterrestrial origins)`
Super-classes	FlyingObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unidentified^c

UMLdiagram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UMLdiagram`
Description	Each 'UMLdiagram' is a 'Diagram' using the formalism of the UML ('Unified Modeling Language') - in any version of UML.
Super-classes	Diagram^c

UOMPrefix^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UOMPrefix`
Description	Each 'UOMPrefix' precedes and concatenates with some UnitOfMeasure word and functions as a multiplier to form another unit of measure of some defined multiple of the base UnitOfmeasure. The UOMPrefix may be full as 'milli' in 'milligrams' or abbreviated, as 'm' in 'mg'. One can use the Datatype relation 'hasAbbreviation' to point to the abbreviated version of the UOMPrefix. A prefix used with a UnitOfMeasureAbbreviation, to modify the intended magnitude of the unit. For example, 'milli' means that the UnitOfMeasure is one thousand times smaller than the base unit that follows the 'milli', as in 'milligrams'. Such prefixes are commonly abbreviated to be used with abbreviations of the base units; in this case, 'milligram' would be abbreviated as 'mg', with 'm' as the abbreviation of the 'milli' and 'g' as the abbreviation of 'gram', the base unit of mass.
Super-classes	Prefix^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPartOf^op value UnitOfMeasureSymbol^c
In domain of	hasMultipleValue^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#mega http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#kilo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#milli

US-Led^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#US-Led`
Description	''US-'' characterizes a ''GroupOfNations'' No WN adj. sense for 'US-led'
Super-classes	Led^c

USA_State^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USA_State`
Description	A State of the United States of America. As a GeopoliticalEntity this is both an agent and a GenericLocation. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'state' in WordNet; for non-USA 'states' use ''Province'': in WordNet: 2. (272) state, province - (the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; 'his state is in the deep south')`
Super-classes	Government^c StateOrProvince^c
Restrictions	isSmallerThan^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheUnitedStatesArea^c isaPrimarySubdivisionOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesOfAmerica^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMinnesota http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfDelaware http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfRhodeIsland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfLouisiana http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfSouthDakota http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfCalifornia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMaine http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfNorthDakota http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfVirginia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfIowa http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfTexas http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfWashington http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfNorthCarolina http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfTennessee http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfGeorgia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfIndiana http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMissouri http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfIdaho http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfFlorida http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfUtah http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfVermont http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfWestVirginia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfIllinois http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfKansas http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfWyoming http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfColorado http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMassachusetts http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfNebraska http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfOhio http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMichigan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMontana http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfNevada http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfWisconsin http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfArizona http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfPennsylvania http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfNewJersey http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfConnecticut http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfKentucky http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfNewYork http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMaryland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfMississippi http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfHawaii http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfArkansas http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfAlabama http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfNewMexico http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfOregon http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfNewHampshire http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfSouthCarolina http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfOklahoma http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StateOfAlaska

USAirForceRankType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USAirForceRankType`
Description	The scale of ranks employed by the United States Air Force. This is a collection of attributes that are used with the predicate #$rank-Military.
Super-classes	MilitaryRankType^c
Members	Captain

USArmyRankType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USArmyRankType`
Description	The scale of ranks employed by the United States Army. This is a collection of attributes that are used with the predicate #$rank-Military.
Super-classes	MilitaryRankType^c
Members	Colonel SecondLieutenant NavyCaptain ArmyCaptain Lieutenant Sergeant PrivateFirstClass MilitaryPrivate MilitaryGeneral LieutenantGeneral Major-Military MajorGeneral Corporal Captain BrigadierGeneral LieutenantColonel

USCity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USCity`
Description	A specialization of #$City each instance of which is a city, town, or village in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica. Instances of #$USCity include #$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfGainesvilleFL, and #$CityOfLongBeachCA.
Super-classes	City^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Avenel_NewJersey_USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DearbornMichigan http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BostonMassachusetts http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewOrleans http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityNY_USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DallasTexas http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BuffaloNY http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#CambridgeMassachusetts

USMarine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USMarine`
Description	A ''USMarine'' is a member of the US Marine Corps. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Marine' in WordNet: 1. (1) Marine, devil dog, leatherneck, shipboard soldier - (a member of the United States Marine Corps)`
Super-classes	MilitaryPerson^c SkilledWorker^c Warrior^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value MarineCorps^c

USMarinesRankType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USMarinesRankType`
Description	The scale of ranks employed by the United States Marine Corps. This is a collection of attributes that are used with the predicate #$rank-Military.
Super-classes	MilitaryRankType^c
Members	Captain BrigadierGeneral LieutenantColonel Colonel SecondLieutenant NavyCaptain ArmyCaptain Lieutenant Sergeant PrivateFirstClass MilitaryPrivate MilitaryGeneral LieutenantGeneral Major-Military MajorGeneral Corporal

USNavyRankType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USNavyRankType`
Description	The scale of ranks employed by the United States Navy. This is a collection of attributes that are used with the predicate #$rank-Military.
Super-classes	MilitaryRankType^c
Members	Admiral FlagOfficer Captain RearAdmiral ViceAdmiral-Rank ViceAdmiral

USRepresentative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USRepresentative

Description

CYC: The collection of elected officials which serve in the United States House of Representatives. Each state in the nation is represented by a number of representatives proportionate to the state's population.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'representative' in WordNet:
        3. (4) congressman, congresswoman, representative -
         (a member of the United States House of Representatives)

Super-classes ElectedOfficial^c
Legislator^c
Representative^c
UnitedStatesPerson^c

USSenator^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USSenator

Description

CYC: The collection of elected officials which serve in the United States Senate. Each state of the nation is represented by two senators.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Senator' in WordNet:
            1. (6) senator - (a member of a senate)

Super-classes UnitedStatesPerson^c
Senator^c
ElectedOfficial^c

USStateGovernment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USStateGovernment`
Description	CYC: A collection of regional governments. An element of #$USStateGovernment is a State government of one of the fifty states of the United States of America. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'state government' in WordNet: 1. (5) state government - (the government of a state in the United States)`
Super-classes	RegionalGovernment^c
Restrictions	isTheGovernmentOf^op value USA_State^c

USStateGovernor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USStateGovernor`
Description	head of US States. Every US State has one-- usually a new one every 2 to 4 years. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'governor' in WordNet: 1. (9) governor - (the head of a state government)`
Super-classes	ElectedOfficial^c StateGovernor^c
Restrictions	roleIsAssumedInEvent^op value GubernatorialElection^c isTheLeaderOf^op value USStateGovernment^c isEmployedBy^op value USA_State^c isaComponentElementOf^op value USStateGovernors^c isTheLeaderOf^op value USA_State^c isAssociatedWithAgent^op value USA_State^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ArnoldSchwarzenegger

USStateGovernors^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#USStateGovernors`
Description	The ''USStateGovernors'' is the Group consisting of all of the governors of the states of the USA.
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c EquivalenceGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value USStateGovernor^c

US_Mayor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#US_Mayor`
Description	''US_Mayor'' is ''Mayor'' of ''USCity'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mayor' in WordNet: 1. (9) mayor, city manager - (the head of a city government)`
Super-classes	Mayor^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value USCity^c

Ubermensch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ubermensch

Description

This ''Ubermensch'' ('superman') is not the comic-book character, but the generic ''Person'' who has extraordinary capabilities of some kind.

       The term 'Ubermensch' comes from Nietzsche:
         RHW 'superman':
           2.  an ideal superior being conceived by Nietzsche
               who attains happiness, dominance, and creativity.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superman' in WordNet:
          1. demigod, superman, Ubermensch - (a person with great powers and abilities)

Super-classes Leader^c

Ubiquitous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ubiquitous

Description

''Ubiquitous'' is a subattribute of ''Present-NotAbsent'' characterizing things that are present in many dfferent places. The literal meaning of being present 'everywhere' is seldom intended when that word is used, other than for God.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ubiquitous' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) omnipresent, ubiquitous - (being present everywhere at once)

Super-classes Present-NotAbsent^c

Udder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Udder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'udder' in WordNet: 1. udder, bag - (mammary gland of bovids (cows and sheep and goats))`
Super-classes	Dug^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Bovid^c

Ugly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ugly

Description

'Ugly' is an AttributeValue of an object or event that causes strong displeasure when observing the object or event. The WordNet sense is not restricted to visual observation, so this may also apply to other perceivable things, such as sounds.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ugly' in WordNet:
     1. (3) ugly - (displeasing to the senses; 'an ugly face'; 'ugly furniture')

Super-classes AttractivenessValue^c

Uh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uh`
Description	''Uh'' is the class of ''Interjections'' that sound like the Word 'uh'. Each instance is a low sound used typically as a filler when a Person is trying to think of the right words.. RHW: 1. (used to indicate hesitation, doubt, or a pause). Similar to RHW 'um': (used as an expression of doubt, hesitation, deliberation, interest, etc.)
Super-classes	Interjection^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Pause^c hadInformationTransferred^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_uh^c

Uh-huh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uh-huh`
Description	`''uh-huh'' is an informal reply that means 'yes', said without enthusiasm. RHW: (used to indicate agreement, confirmation, attentiveness, or general satisfaction)`
Super-classes	Interjection^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Answering^c hadInformationTransferred^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_uh-huh^c isaSynonymOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yes^c

Ulcer-Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ulcer-Object`
Description	The CYC definition includes only ulceration of the skin. This type includes both external (skin) and internal (e.g. stomach) ulcers. This will probably need differentiation and more detail to be medically realistic. A spot on the surface of the body or on an internal membrane that is sore (sensitive or painful), due to an open infection. This is a PhysicalObject. The dictionaries are not consistent about how a 'sore' is to be defined; we use the Cyc and WordNet definitions. RHW says: Sore (noun) 8. a sore spot or place on the body. Sore (adj): 1. physically painful or sensitive, as a wound, hurt, or diseased part: a sore arm. Is an internal ulcer an injry or aninfection?? Cyc: The collection of open sores on the skin or mucus membranes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ulcer' in WordNet: 1. (4) ulcer, ulceration - (a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue) WN Includes noun sense 1 of 'sore': 1. (1) sore - - (an open skin infection)
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op some Infection^c isLocatedAt^op value nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb26022^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sore^c

Ulna^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ulna

Description

The #$Collection of all #$ForeArm bones called 'ulna' by the medical profession. Each #$Ulna lies within a #$ForeArm and connects the #$Elbow to the #$Wrist.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ulna' in WordNet:
         1. ulna, elbow bone - (the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm)

Super-classes LongBone^c
ArmBone^c

Ultimate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ultimate

Description

''Ultimate'' is a subtype of''Impressive'' that can refer to high quality or 'final' in the sense of 'final destiny' - the best goal one can hope for.

       For 'ultimate' meaning 'last in a series' see ''Final''.

       Very vague:
         This may be divided into subsenses - 'best' and 'last'

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ultimate' in WordNet:
           1. (20) ultimate - (furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme;
             'the ultimate achievement'; 'the ultimate question'; 'man's ultimate destiny'; 
             'the ultimate insult'; 'one's ultimate goal in life')

Super-classes Impressive^c

Ultimatum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ultimatum`
Description	'Insisting' is a forceful type of 'Requesting' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ultimatum' in WordNet: 1. (1) ultimatum - (a final peremptory demand)`
Super-classes	Insisting^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Final^c

UltraPurifying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UltraPurifying`
Description	''UltraPurifying'' is a form of ''Purifying'' that aims to achieve a final state of high purity (over 99%) of some substance - a highly refined substance. This is used to produce for example 'fine Gold' (99.9% or better). `Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'refine' in WordNet: 4. refine, rectify - (reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; 'refine sugar')`
Super-classes	Refining^c
Restrictions	produced^op value PureSubstance^c

UltraSound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UltraSound`
Description	A specialization of #$Sound. Each instance of #$UltraSound is a sound wave having a #$Frequency (q.v.) greater than 20,000 cycles per second, a frequency which is above the range of human hearing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ultrasound' in WordNet: 1. ultrasound - (very high frequency sound; used in ultrasonography)`
Super-classes	Sound^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Inaudible^c

UltramarineColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UltramarineColor`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ultramarine' in Wordnet: 1. ultramarine - (of a brilliant pure blue to purplish blue color)`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	LightBlue-Color^c

Ultrasonic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ultrasonic

Description

''Ultrasonic'' is a attribute ''UltraSound''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ultrasonic' in Wordnet:
          1. (8) supersonic, ultrasonic - (having frequencies above those of audible sound)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UltravioletRadiation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UltravioletRadiation

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ultraviolet radiation' in WordNet:
          1. (3) ultraviolet, ultraviolet radiation, ultraviolet light, ultraviolet illumination,
             UV - (radiation lying in the ultraviolet range; wave lengths shorter 
             than light but longer than X rays)

Super-classes BlackLight^c

Umbilical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Umbilical`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'umbilical' in Wordnet: 1. umbilical - (relating to or resembling the umbilicus; 'umbilical cord')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UmbilicalCord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UmbilicalCord`
Description	CYC: The collection of all umbilical cords. An instance of this collection is an #$AnatomicalVessel containing two arteries and a vein that attaches a #$Fetus to its #$Placenta. The #$UmbilicalCord is immersed in amniotic fluid, since the #$AmnioticSac surrounds it completely (#$surroundsCompletely). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'umbilical cord' in WordNet: 1. umbilical cord, umbilical - (membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta)`
Super-classes	AnatomicalVessel^c
Restrictions	connects^op value FetusAndPlacenta^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Mammal^c

Umbrella^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Umbrella`
Description	A mechanical device used for protection against certain elements of nature. NOTE: this is for any umbrella, whether portable or too heavy to carry conveniently. For the common lightweight folding umbrella use subtype ''FoldingUmbrella''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'umbrella' in Wordnet: 1. (2) umbrella - (a lightweight handheld collapsible canopy)`
Super-classes	ProtectiveSystem^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c RainGear^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Shade^c
Sub-classes	FoldingUmbrella^c Parasol^c

Umm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Umm`
Description	''Umm'' is an 'interjection'. inserted between words or phrases of a spoken sentence indicating hesitation or unertainty in the speaker about what words to use.
Super-classes	Interjection^c

Unable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unable`
Description	Includes adjective sense 1 of 'unable' in Wordnet: 1. (21) unable - ((usually followed by 'to') not having the necessary means or skill or know-how; 'unable to get to town without a car'; 'unable to obtain funds') 2. (5) unable - ((usually followed by 'to') lacking necessary physical or mental ability; 'dyslexics are unable to learn to read adequately'; 'the sun was unable to melt enough snow') WN adj 'incapable': 1. (4) incapable - ((followed by 'of') lacking capacity or ability; 'incapable of carrying a tune'; 'he is incapable of understanding the matter'; 'incapable of doing the work')
Super-classes	Bad^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unskilled^c Infertile^c UnableToFunction^c Helpless^c

UnableToFunction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnableToFunction`
Description	'UnableToFunction' is the attribute of an Object (artifact or natural) that cannot perform its its normal main function. This is general but can be temporary, and can include animals that are unconscious as well as artifacts that are broken, and also includes Devices that are currently not able to function solely because they lack a power source, such as a battery or gasoline. For artifacts unable to function because of some mising or faulty essential component,use ''Inoperable''. Can also be refered to as 'malfunctioning' if a device does something other than what is intended. It does not include artifacts that have all of their normal functions, but cannot perform their normal actions solely because of external conditions, such as a wagon that has no horse to draw it. A Device would be 'UnableToFunction' if it is merely disassembled, but its parts are near to each other and could be assembled quickly. For objects that are more permanently damaged, use one of the subtypes: 'NonFunctional', 'Inoperable', 'Broken', 'Dead' etc. related concepts For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose use 'Ineffective' For completed efforts and actions that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual' (synonym of 'futile'). For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent'). For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' - this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well or as often as exopected,perhaps do to lack of effort. For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'.
Super-classes	LackingaFunction^c Ineffective^c Unable^c
Sub-classes	SemiConscious^c TurnedOff^c OutOfFuel^c UnableToSpeak^c NonFunctional^c HavingaDeadBattery^c Dead^c ClinicallyDead^c Unconscious^c

UnableToSpeak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnableToSpeak`
Description	''UnableToSpeak'' is the attribute of an Animal or human who is unable to speak for any of various reasons. For an animal the term used is usually 'dumb'. More specific subtypes for humans are expressed using that and other terms. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dumb' in WordNet: 3. dumb - (lacking the power of human speech; 'dumb animals')`
Super-classes	UnableToFunction^c
Sub-classes	Mute^c Speechless^c

Unabridged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unabridged

Description

''Unabridged'' is an attribute that specifies that some ''TextualMaterial'' is the complete text, not shortened by deletion of some part(s).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unabridged' in Wordnet:
         1. unabridged - ((used of texts) not shortened; 'an unabridged novel')

Super-classes FullLength^c

Unacceptable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unacceptable

Description

The property of not being Acceptable.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unacceptable' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) unacceptable - (not adequate to give satisfaction; 'the coach told his players 
              that defeat was unacceptable')
          2. unacceptable - (not acceptable; not welcome; 'a word unacceptable in polite society';
            'an unacceptable violation of personal freedom')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

Unaccompanied^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unaccompanied`
Description	An attribute of a Person who is doing something without another Person participating. 'an uaccompanied minor' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unaccompanied' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unaccompanied - (without accompaniment or companions; 'the soloist sang unaccompanied'; 'it had dramatic energy unaccompanied by an adequate sense of dramatic form'; 'unaccompanied women were excluded')`
Super-classes	Independent^c
Sub-classes	Unchaperoned^c

UnalloyedMetal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnalloyedMetal`
Description	CYC: A collection of tangible stuffs; a subcollection of #$Metal. Every instance of #$UnalloyedMetal is a metal which is also an element, i.e., a substance of unmixed chemical type. Thus, each subcollection of #$UnalloyedMetal is a subcollection of both #$Metal and #$ElementStuff. Examples of #$UnalloyedMetal include #$Gold, #$Iron, #$Uranium, #$Antimony, #$Titanium, and many more.
Super-classes	Metal^c ChemicalElement^c
Sub-classes	Radon^c Titanium^c Aluminum^c Praseodymium^c Berkelium^c Tungsten^c Terbium^c Dysprosium^c Tantalum^c Protactinium^c Hafnium^c Plutonium^c Actinium^c Antimony^c Lithium^c Mercury^c Rhodium^c Neodymium^c Francium^c Europium^c Vanadium^c Yttrium^c Magnesium^c Zirconium^c Samarium^c Uranium^c Rubidium^c Gallium^c Barium^c Bismuth^c Einsteinium^c Cobalt^c Silver^c Gold^c Manganese^c Americium^c Erbium^c Lead^c Osmium^c Iron^c Zinc^c Thulium^c Palladium^c Scandium^c Technetium^c Niobium^c Curium^c Neptunium^c Thorium^c Sodium^c Californium^c Tin^c Polonium^c Potassium^c Ruthenium^c Mendelevium^c Cesium^c Lanthanum^c Indium^c Gadolinium^c Fermium^c Radium^c Germanium^c Rhenium^c Lawrencium^c Holmium^c Platinum^c Ytterbium^c Cerium^c Nickel^c Nobelium^c Lutetium^c Strontium^c Thallium^c Chromium^c Beryllium^c Copper^c Iridium^c Molybdenum^c Calcium^c Promethium^c Cadmium^c

Unambiguous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unambiguous`
Description	''Unambiguous'' is an AttributeValue of some ''Phrase'' (A Group of one or more ''Word''s, including words in sign language) `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'unambiguous' in Wordnet (referring only to linguistic phrases): 2. (1) unequivocal, univocal, unambiguous - (admitting of no doubt or misunderstanding; having only one meaning or interpretation and leading to only one conclusion; 'unequivocal evidence'; 'took an unequivocal position'; 'an unequivocal success'; 'an unequivocal promise'; 'an unequivocal (or univocal) statement')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Straightforward^c Clear-Cut^c

Unanimous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unanimous`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unanimous' in Wordnet: 1. (3) consentaneous, consentient, unanimous - (in complete agreement; 'a unanimous decision')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unanimously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unanimously

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unanimously' and adverb sense
           1 of 'solidly' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) unanimously, nem con, nemine contradicente - (of one mind; without dissent; 
             'the Senate unanimously approved the bill'; 'we voted unanimously')
        WN adverb 'solidly':
           1. (1) solidly - (as an undiversified whole; 'the unions voted solidly for Roosevelt')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Unanswered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unanswered

Description

         NOTE: This sense of 'unanswered' characterizes 'Question''s that did not receive
         an ''Answer'' or the Person who posed a ''Question' (the ''Inquirer'') and
         did not receive an answer.
            The WN sense 'unrequited' would be a different type. @ToDo.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unanswered' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) unanswered, unreciprocated, unrequited - (not returned in kind; 
               'unrequited (unanswered) love')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unarmed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unarmed

Description

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unarmed' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) unarmed - ((used of persons or the military) not having or using arms; 
             'went alone and unarmed'; 'unarmed peasants were shot down'; 'unarmed vehicles')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unarmored^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unarmored

Description

''Unarmored'' is the attribute of an Object that lacks a covering of ''Armor'' and is therefore more vulnerable to being harmed by weapons directed at it.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unarmored' in Wordnet:
         2. unarmored, unarmoured - ((used of persons or things military) 
             without protective armor)

Super-classes Unprotected^c

UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity`
Description	The class of UnaryFunctions that map from the Class ConstantQuantity to the Class ConstantQuantity.
Super-classes	FunctionQuantity^c
Sub-classes	TimeDependentQuantity^c

Unassertive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unassertive`
Description	''Unassertive'' is intended as the attribute of someone who does not assert hisher own wishes or demand that others do hisher bidding. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unassertive' in Wordnet: 1. unassertive - (inclined to timidity or lack of self-confidence; 'a shy unassertive person')`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unexacting^c

Unattractive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unattractive`
Description	'Unattractive' is an AttributeValue of an object or event that causes mild displeasure when observing the object or event. A more intense value of this AttributeValue is the subtype 'Ugly'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unattractive' in WordNet: 1. (1) unattractive - (lacking beauty or charm; 'as unattractive as most mining regions')`
Super-classes	AttractivenessValue^c
Sub-classes	Grotesque^c

Unauthorized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unauthorized

Description

''Unauthorized'' is the attribute of something that did not experience an ''Authorizing'' action.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unauthorized' in Wordnet:
         2. unauthorized, unauthorised, wildcat - (without official authorization; 
           'an unauthorized strike'; 'wildcat work stoppage')

Super-classes Approved^c

Unavailable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unavailable`
Description	''Unavailable'' is the attribute of some Resource (a Device, substance, money, space to do things) that cannot be used for a purpose because it does not exist, or is too far away to access, or is in use by some other agent. `For spaces to do things that are not available for use because they are already being used by another agent, use subtype ''InUse''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unavailable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) unavailable - (not available or accessible or at hand; 'fresh milk was unavailable during the emergency'; 'his secretary said he was unavailable for comment')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Inaccessible^c InUse^c

Unavoidable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unavoidable

Description

''Unavoidable'' characterizes Events that an Agent cannot prevent, no matter how s/he tries.

     NOTE: The sense of 'inevitable' characterizing some situation that necessarily
       follows some Event (sense 2 of 'inevitable' in WN)  is not included here,
       but is represented as ''SureToOccur'' (an instance of ''ProbabilityOfOutcome'').

       Includes adjective sense 1 of 'unavoidable' and sense 1 of 'inevitable' (difference?)
            in Wordnet:
         1. (5) ineluctable, inescapable, unavoidable - (impossible to avoid or evade:
          'inescapable conclusion'; 'an ineluctable destiny'; 'an unavoidable accident')
       WN adj 'inevitable'
        1. (5) inevitable - (incapable of being avoided or prevented; 'the inevitable result')

Super-classes Inevitable^c

Unaware^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unaware

Description

         Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unaware' in Wordnet:
           1. (8) unaware, incognizant - ((often followed by `of') not aware;
                 'seemed unaware of the scrutiny'; 'unaware of the danger they were in'; 
                 'unaware of the newborn hope'; 'the most unaware person I've known')
           2. unwitting, unaware - (not aware or knowing; 'an unwitting subject in an experiment')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unawareness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unawareness`
Description	Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unawareness' in WordNet: 1. (2) unknowingness, unawareness - (unconsciousness resulting from lack of knowledge or attention)
Super-classes	MentalState^c
Restrictions	wasExperiencedBy^op value Person^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unaware^c
Sub-classes	Obliviousness^c

Unbalanced^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unbalanced`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unbalanced' in Wordnet: 1. unbalanced, imbalanced - (being or thrown out of equilibrium)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unbearable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unbearable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unbearable' in Wordnet: 1. intolerable, unbearable, unendurable - (incapable of being put up with; 'an intolerable degree of sentimentality')`
Super-classes	Troublesome^c

Unbending^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unbending`
Description	''Unbending'' is a ''Straightening'' Action in which some agent straightens an Object that was ''Bent'' from a prior ''Bending'' Action. `NOTE: This includes the 'straighten up' referring to posture, as WN sense 1 seems to do, but that should be a separate sense, perhaps a subtype For 'straightening up' a room see ''Tidying'' or ''Organizing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unbend' andsense 1 of'straighten' in WordNet: 1. (7) straighten, unbend - (straighten up or out; make straight)`
Super-classes	Straightening^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Straight^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Bending^c objectHasAttributeBefore^op value Bent^c

Unbiased^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unbiased`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unbiased' in Wordnet: 1. indifferent, unbiased, unbiassed - (characterized by a lack of partiality; 'a properly indifferent jury'; 'an unbiased account of her family problems')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Impartial^c Objective^c

Unborn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unborn`
Description	''Unborn'' is the attribute of an Animal that has not experienced a ''BirthEvent'', and may or may not yet be conceived and developing. For organisms developing in a mother animal (in an ''Embryonic'' or ''Fetal'' stage of development), use subtype ''InUtero''. `This includes theoretcally possible organisms that have not experienced a ''FertilizingaFemaleOrganism'' Event. The term 'yet unborn' is used mostly to refer to all future generations of people, into the distant future, as in 'generations yet unborn'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unborn' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unborn - (not yet brought into existence; 'unborn generations')`
Super-classes	NotYetAlive^c
Sub-classes	InUtero^c

Unbranded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unbranded

Description

''Unbranded'' is a AttributeValue of a ''RangeAnimal'' whose skin has not been marked with a ''Brand'' by a ''BrandingAnAnimal'' Action.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unbranded' in Wordnet:
           1. unbranded - (not marked with a brand; 'unbranded cattle')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
PastParticiple^c

Unbreakable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unbreakable

Description

'Unbreakable' is the AttributeValue of something that is much less susceptible to be broken than the average object of some class used for comparison; however, this attribute does not mean that the item cannot be broken under any circumstances, just that it is not normally broken in ordinary use. Thus rugged metal cups may be 'unbreakable', but they can be crushed with sufficient force.

     Corresponds to sense 1 of 'unbreakable' in WordNet:
      1. (1) unbreakable - - (impossible to break especially under ordinary usage;
         'unbreakable plastic dinnerwear')

Super-classes Tough^c

Unbroken^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unbroken

Description

''Unbroken'' is an attribute of a functional ''ArtifactObject'' that has not experienced a ''BreakingEvent'' and is still fully functional.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'unbroken' in Wordnet:
          5. unbroken - (not broken; whole and intact; in one piece; 'fortunately the other lens is unbroken')

Super-classes Intact^c

UnbrokenIn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnbrokenIn

Description

''UnbrokenIn'' is a subattribute of ''Untrained'' for ''NonHumanAnimal''s, especially for horses..

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unbroken' in Wordnet:
         2. (1) unbroken - (not subdued or trained for service or use; 'unbroken colts')

Super-classes Untrained^c

Unburden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unburden`
Description	This ''Unburden'' is for removing Physical objects that are being borne by some animal (nonhuman or human). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'unburden' in WordNet: 2. unburden, disburden - (take the burden off; remove the burden from; 'unburden the donkey')`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Burden^c

Unbuttoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unbuttoning`
Description	''Unbuttoning'' is a ''UndoingAction'' in which one or more ''Button''s are removed from their ''ButtonHole''s, to unfasten the fabric pieces that were fastened. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unbutton' in WordNet: 1. unbutton - (undo the buttons of; "unbutton the shirt")`
Super-classes	UndoingAction^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value ButtonHole^c removes^op value Button^c hasObjectMoved^op some Button^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Buttoning^c hadThingAffected^op some FabricObject^c

Uncastrated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncastrated

Description

''Uncastrated'' is an attribute of animals that have not been castrated, such as a ''Stallion'' or 'Ram'' or 'Bull'' and therefore still have their testicles.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncastrated' in Wordnet:
          1. uncastrated - (not castrated)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Uncensored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncensored`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncensored' in Wordnet: 1. uncensored - (not subject to censorship; 'uncensored news reports')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Uncertain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncertain`
Description	''Uncertain'' is a 'VerbalProbability', of some Situation or Proposition that, if taken literally, has a numerical probability of less than 1.0. However, as almost nothing in the real world has a probability of 1.0, this is usually used for propositions that have a probability of less than 0.9. Something with a greater probability would be at least 'likely'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'uncertain' in WordNet: 2. (4) uncertain - (not established beyond doubt; still undecided or unknown; 'an uncertain future'; 'a manuscript of uncertain origin'; 'plans are still uncertain'; 'changes of great if uncertain consequences'; 'without further evidence his story must remain uncertain')`
Super-classes	Possible^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.9^c
Sub-classes	Debatable^c Doubtful^c

Uncertainty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncertainty`
Description	''Uncertainty'' is a 'DirectedFeeling' (a MentalState) in which an IntelligentAgent has no conviction about which of two or more alternative facts is true or appropriate or best. The subtype ''Indecision'' is a feeling of ''Uncertainty'' about which alternative course of action should be taken. This is the Feeling when a Person has no level of convictions , positive or negative, about any of the alternatives. When a Person doubts one or more of the alternatives, that Person has a Feeling of ''Doubt', which is a subtype. An even stronger level of ''Doubt'' is ''Disbelief''. NOTE: 'doubt' (included in WN sense 2) is broken out as a subtype in which the agent is not merely uncertain,but considers some fact or possibility to be unlikely. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'uncertainty' (not including 'doubt' or dubiety or doubtfulness or dubiousness - for those, use subtype ''Doubt') in WordNet: 2. (5) doubt, uncertainty, incertitude, dubiety, doubtfulness, dubiousness - (the state of being unsure of something)
Super-classes	MentalState^c DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op some Conviction^c
Sub-classes	Indecision^c Doubt^c

Unchanged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unchanged`
Description	''Unchanged'' is the attribute of something that did not experience a ''BecomingEvent''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unchanged' in Wordnet: 1. (5) unchanged - (not made or become different; 'the causes that produced them have remained unchanged') 2. (1) unaltered, unchanged - (remaining in an original state; 'persisting unaltered through time')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Timeless^c

Unchaperoned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unchaperoned`
Description	''Unchaperoned'' is a subattribute of ''Unaccompanied'' characterizing a Person (usually a female) who (by some social criterion) should be accompanied by a responsible adult.
Super-classes	Unaccompanied^c

Uncharged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncharged

Description

''Uncharged'' is the attribute of Objects (macroscopic or microscopic) that are neither ''PositivelyCharged'' nor ''NegativelyCharged''. Specifying that the thing characterized has no net electrical charge (it has no excess of either positive or negative charges)

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neutral' and part of sense 1 of
         'uncharged' (*not* referring to batteries) in WordNet:
         5. (1) neutral, electroneutral - (having no net electric charge; not electrified)
      WN adj 'uncharged':
        1. (4) uncharged - (of a particle or body or system; having no charge; 
            'an uncharged particle'; 'an uncharged battery')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unchecked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unchecked

Description

       'uncurbed enthusiasm'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unchecked' in Wordnet:
         1. unbridled, unchecked, uncurbed, ungoverned - (not restrained or controlled; 
            'unbridled rage'; 'an unchecked temper'; 'ungoverned rage')

Super-classes Uncontrolled^c

Unclassified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unclassified

Description

$Unclassified is the attribute anything has if it

        is unclassified. This attribute is normally associated with
        documents, computers, or physical facilities.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unclassified' in Wordnet:
          1. unclassified - (not subject to a security classification)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Uncle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncle

Description

The brother of a Mother or Father, or the husband of an Aunt.

Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uncle' in WordNet:
  1. (6) uncle - (the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt)

Super-classes BiologicalRelation^c
MalePerson^c

Unclear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unclear`
Description	An attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are not easy to understand. .This is an EvaluativeAttribute because texts that are incomprehensible to some people may be easy for others to understand. A more intensive sense of ''Unclear'' is represented by the subtype ''DifficultToUnderstand''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unclear' in Wordnet: 2. unclear - (not clear to the mind; 'the law itself was unclear on that point'; 'the reason for their actions is unclear to this day') WN adj 'obscure'`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	DifficultToUnderstand^c Confusing^c Vague^c Unexplained^c

UnclearAssertion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnclearAssertion`
Description	An ''UnclearAssertion'' is an ''Assertion'' whose ''IntendedMeaning'' is not ''Clear'' to the reader/listener.
Super-classes	Assertion^c
Restrictions	doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute^op value Clear^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unclear^c

Unclearness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unclearness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unclearness' in WordNet: 1. unclearness - (incomprehensibility as a result of not being clear)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unclear^c
Sub-classes	Incomprehensibility^c Ambiguity^c

Uncomfortable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncomfortable`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing ''Discomfort'', i.e. is not experiencing ''Comfort''.. Includes mental and physical discomfort. `This is the most general attribute indicating the presence of something causing 'discomfort' - pain or concern. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uncomfortable' in WordNet: 2. (2) uncomfortable - (providing or experiencing physical discomfort; 'an uncomfortable chair'; 'an uncomfortable day in the hot sun')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Concerned^c Chilly^c

Uncomfortably^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncomfortably

Description

''Uncomfortably'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions performed by an Agent that is ''Uncomfortable'' and modifies adjectives describing states that cause an agent to become ''Uncomfortable''.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'uncomfortably' in WordNet:
         1. (1) uncomfortably - (in physical discomfort; 
            'she lay on the couch, her body uncomfortably twisted')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Uncommunicative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncommunicative`
Description	''Uncommunicative'' is a generic attribute for people who talk to others less often than most people do,fr any reason, or on any topic. There are more specific subattributes. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncommunicative' in Wordnet: 1. uncommunicative, incommunicative - (not inclined to talk or give information or express opinions)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Secretive^c Tightlipped^c

Uncomplicated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncomplicated`
Description	''Uncomplicated'' is the most general attribute relating to complexity - for objects (abstract or physical) that do not have multiple parts, problems that do not require much reasoning or effort to solve. See also the The subypes 'Easy' `Includes WN adjective sense 1 of 'uncomplicated' and sense 1 of 'simple': in WordNet: 1. uncomplicated, unsophisticated - (lacking complexity; 'small and uncomplicated cars for those really interested in motoring'; 'an unsophisticated machine') WN adj 'simple' 1. (65) simple - - (having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved; 'a simple problem'; 'simple mechanisms'; 'a simple design'; 'a simple substance')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Simple^c Austere^c

Uncomplimentary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncomplimentary`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'uncomplimentary' in Wordnet: 2. uncomplimentary - (tending to (or intended to) detract or disparage)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Mocking^c Critical^c

Uncompromising^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncompromising`
Description	''Uncompromising'' is the attribute of a ''Person'' who takes a ''HardLine'' on some Policy- which may be a Policy pertaining only to that Person. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncompromising' in Wordnet: 1. (1) uncompromising, sturdy, inflexible - (not making concessions; 'took an uncompromising stance in the peace talks'; 'uncompromising honesty')`
Super-classes	Firm-Decisive^c
Sub-classes	Hard-Line^c

Unconcealed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconcealed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unconcealed' in Wordnet: 1. unconcealed - (not concealed or hidden; 'her unconcealed hostility poisoned the atmosphere'; 'watched with unconcealed curiosity')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Blatant^c Pointed^c

Unconcern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconcern`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'unconern' in WordNet: 2. unconcern - (a feeling of lack of concern)`
Super-classes	DirectedFeeling^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Concern^c isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Casual^c
Sub-classes	Indifference^c

Unconditional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconditional`
Description	''Unconditional'' is an AttributeValue of some Thing that does not depend on any 'condition'(s). `Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'unconditional' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unconditional - (not conditional; "unconditional surrender") 3. unconditional - (not contingent; not determined or influenced by someone or something else)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Vested^c

Unconscious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconscious`
Description	An attribute that specifies that an animal is unconscious, which implies that the animal is alive but not responding to stimulus. - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. There may be several levels of unresponsiveness, some of which might not be technically considered as 'unconscious', but all are included in this type. This differs from 'asleep' in that a person who is asleep can be waken up and will respond in some fashion to stimulus such as speech or being poked or shaken; therefore a person who is merely asleep is still 'Conscious'. `Corresponds to adjective sense of 'unconscious' and sense 2 of 'senseless' in WordNet: 1. (5) unconscious - (not conscious; lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception as if asleep or dead; 'lay unconscious on the floor') WN 'senseless': 2. (1) insensible, senseless - - (unresponsive to stimulation; 'he lay insensible where he had fallen'; 'drugged and senseless')`
Super-classes	Alive^c UnableToFunction^c
Sub-classes	Vegetative^c Comatose^c

UnconsciousMind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnconsciousMind`
Description	The ''UnconsciousMind'' is the part of the 'Mind' that is not at a particular moment within the conscious thought processes of a Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unconscious mind' in WordNet: 1. unconscious mind, unconscious - (that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware)`
Super-classes	Mind^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NonConscious^c

Unconsciously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconsciously

Description

This sense of ''Unconsciously'' is a variant of ''Unintentionally'' for Actions that were not decided or planned in the conscious mind, but were motivated by habit or intuition or automatic reaction in response to some Event, Mental processes that take place in the ''UnconsciousMind''.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unconsciously' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) unconsciously - (without awareness; 'she jumped up unconsciously
              when he entered the room')

Super-classes Unintentionally^c

Unconsciousness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconsciousness`
Description	'Unconsciousness' is a PhysiologicalCondition in which an Animal cannot respond to external stimuli other than by automatic responses bypassing the brain. `CYC 'StateOfUnconsciousness': This is the collection of all unconscious mental states of animals; it is the state of an animal that is 'Unconscious'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unconsciousness' in Wordnet: 1. unconsciousness - (a state lacking normal awareness of the self or environment)`
Super-classes	UnconsciousnessOrSleeping^c MentalSituation-SingleSubject^c StaticSituation^c
Sub-classes	Trance^c Coma^c

UnconsciousnessOrSleeping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnconsciousnessOrSleeping`
Description	'UnconsciousnessOrSleeping' is the union of two distinct PhysiologicalConditions.Unconsciousness and SleepingEvent. This was created to serve as part of the definition of 'WakingUp'. It may be removed if the definition of 'WakingUp' is changed or broken into parts.
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c
Sub-classes	SleepingEvent^c Unconsciousness^c

Unconstitutional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconstitutional

Description

''Unconstitutional'' is an attribute of an Action of a Governmental agency that is not permitted under the Constitution of the Country in which it occurs.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unconstitutional' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) unconstitutional - (not consistent with or according to a constitution; 
             contrary to the U.S. Constitution)

Super-classes Illegal^c

UncontainedLiquidObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UncontainedLiquidObject`
Description	A LiquidObject that is not inside a container. This can be of a variety of forms, such as a puddle of water, a squirt from a hose or water pistol, a cloud, the raindrops in a rainstorm. Uncontained liquid objects have an unstable shape and may evaporate if volatile.
Super-classes	LiquidObject^c
Sub-classes	SpotOfFreshPaint^c

Uncontaminated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncontaminated

Description

An attribute of objects or substances that are ''Pristine'' in the sense of not having been dirtied or contaminated.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'uncontaminated' in Wordnet:
         2. uncontaminated, unpolluted - (free from admixture with noxious elements; clean;
             'unpolluted streams'; 'a contaminated lake')

Super-classes Pristine^c

Uncontrollable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncontrollable

Description

This sense of ''Uncontrollable''is specific for ''"ChronicPain'' that cannot be sufficiently aleviated (for some period of time) for the sufferer to feel comfortable.. 'violent uncontrollable contractions of muscles'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncontrollable' in WordNet:
           1. (1) uncontrollable, unmanageable - (difficult to solve or alleviate; 'uncontrollable pain')

Super-classes Unmanageable^c

Uncontrolled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncontrolled`
Description	''Uncontrolled'' is an AttributeValue of any Agent whose actions are or appear to be proceeding without control by that agent or by others who might provide control, and also of potentially or normally controlled Actions that proceed without any control. 'ucontrolled fire'; 'uncontrolled passion'; 'uncontrolled mob' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncontrolled' in Wordnet: 1. uncontrolled - (not being under control; out of control; 'the greatest uncontrolled health problem is AIDS'; 'uncontrolled growth')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unchecked^c Runaway^c

UncontrolledGrowth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UncontrolledGrowth`
Description	A ''UncontrolledGrowth'' is a ''GrowingEvent'' in which the growing occurs without control, although it is potentially or normally ''Controlled'' in some manner. This is a characteristic of ''Fast-Growing'' ''Tumor''s.
Super-classes	GrowingQuickly^c ThrivingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uncontrolled^c

Unconventional^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconventional`
Description	'Unconventional' is an AttributeValue of human Behavior that does not follow normal conventions, especially in life style or dress, but can be applied to any non-traditional object or Action. `RHW adj 'far-out': (slang) 1. unconventional; offbeat; avant-garde. 2. radical; extreme. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unconventional' and includes sense 1 of 'offbeat' as a subattriute in WordNet: 2. unconventional - (not conventional or conformist; 'unconventional life styles')`
Super-classes	Unusual^c
Sub-classes	Funky^c FarOut^c Nontraditional^c

Unconvincing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unconvincing`
Description	''Unconvincing'' is a subtype of '''' for information objects `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unconvincing' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unconvincing - (not convincing; 'unconvincing excuses'; 'as unconvincing as a forced smile') WN adj 'unpersuasive': 1. unpersuasive - (not capable of persuading)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Inconclusive^c

Uncorrectable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uncorrectable

Description

This sense of ''Uncorrectable''is specific for ''Habit''s so deeply ingrained that the Person having it cannot stop (for some period of time) even though trying hard to stop.

        Corresponds to part (for ''Habit''s) of adjective sense 1 of 'uncorrectable' in Wordnet:
          1. uncontrollable, uncorrectable, unmanageable - (incapable of being controlled or managed; 
             'uncontrollable children'; 'an uncorrectable habit')

Super-classes Unmanageable^c

Undecidable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undecidable

Description

This ''Undecidable'' is a mathematical concept characterizing propositions whose logical consistency cannot be determined by a specific logical method

     RHW 'decidable':
        2. Logic. (of an axiom, proposition, etc.) having the property that 
          its consistency or inconsistency with the axioms of a given logical system 
          is determinable.

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Undecided^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undecided`
Description	''Undecided'' is an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''Indecision'' (= a Feeling) about which course of Action to take (which 'option' to choose). `includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'undecided' and part of sense 2 of 'indefinite' in Wordnet: 2. on the fence, undecided - (characterized by indecision; 'some who had been on the fence came out in favor of the plan'; 'too many voters still declare they are undecided') 3. undecided - (not yet having made a commitment; 'undecided voters') WN adj 'indefinite': 2. indefinite - (not decided or not known; 'were indefinite about their plans'; 'plans are indefinite')`
Super-classes	Unsure^c
Sub-classes	Ambivalent^c

Undemanding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undemanding

Description

''Undemanding'' is an attribute characterizing a task that does not require much effort, or a Person who does not ask for a lot of effort, or who fails to enforce discipline strictly.

    Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'lax' and part of adj 'undemanding'
       in Wordnet:
      1. undemanding - (not demanding; requiring little if any patience
          or effort or skill; 'the pay was adequate and the job undemanding'; 
          'simple undemanding affection'; 'an undemanding boss')
   WN adj 'lax':
      1. (1) lax, slack - (lacking in rigor or strictness; 
          'such lax and slipshod ways are no longer acceptable'; 
          'lax in attending classes'; 'slack in maintaining discipline')

Super-classes Lenient^c

Undeniable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undeniable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undeniable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) undeniable - (not possible to deny)`
Super-classes	KnownToBeTrue^c

UnderSurveillance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnderSurveillance`
Description	''UnderSurveillance'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is being closely monitored ('surveiled') by by some LawEnforcementOrganization.
Super-classes	Watched^c

UnderSuspicion^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnderSuspicion

Description

The Attribute of a person who is the main object of a ''SuspectingaSuspect'' Action. This is the Attribute of a ''Suspect'' in a criminal investigation.

      The phrase 'under suspicion' could be used to refer to the attribute
        'suspected' (for a Person) or the state 'BeingSuspected''. This
        type represents the attribute.  Hard to tell the difference in normal
        use.  'he is under suspicion'.  Either sense fits.

         No specific WN entry for this type.

Super-classes Suspected^c

UnderTheTable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnderTheTable

Description

An ''UnderTheTable'' Action is a 'Surreptitious' Action tken to avoid revealing it to authorities of some kind - tax agents or police, or immigration officials, or others who could use the information to harm the ones doing the action. It is often but not necessarily illegal. Giving or taking an ''UnderTheTable'' payment is not necessarily illegal itself, but concealing it from authorities can be illegal.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'under the table' in WordNet:
           1. sub-rosa, under-the-table, behind-the-scenes - (designed and 
             carried out secretly or confidentially; 'a sub-rosa report'; 
             'has their under-the-table backing')

Super-classes Surreptitious^c

UnderWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnderWater`
Description	Any place outdoors that is under the surface of a BodyOfWater, with enough space for a person to move around in it. NOTE that this is a space, and does not represent the water in that space. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'underwater' in RHW: 'the water beneath the surface: cold currents in the underwater.' There is no noun sense of 'underwater' in WordNet.`
Super-classes	OutdoorLocation^c FreeSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some BodyOfWater^c

Underdog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underdog`
Description	An ''Underdog'' is Person or Team that is expected to lose in some contest against another Person or Team. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underdog' in WordNet: 1. underdog - (one at a disadvantage and expected to lose)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c Competitor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Odds-against^c isaCompetitorOf^op value FrontRunner^c contrastsWith^op value FrontRunner^c

Underestimate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underestimate`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underestimate' in WordNet: 1. underestimate, underestimation, underrating, underreckoning - (an estimation that is too low; an estimate that is less than the true or actual value)`
Super-classes	Approximation^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedInEvent^op some Underestimating^c wasCreatedByEvent^op value Underestimating^c

Underestimating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underestimating`
Description	''Underestimating'' is an ''Estimating'' that produces an ''Approximation'' (an 'estimate') that is less than the true value. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'underestimate' in WordNet: 1. (1) undervalue, underestimate - (assign too low a value to; 'Don't underestimate the value of this heirloom-you may sell it at a good price')`
Super-classes	Estimating^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some Underestimate^c

Underfoot^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underfoot

Description

''Underfoot'' need some way to reference being uder a ''Foot'. @TodDo.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'underfoot' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) underfoot - (under the feet; 'trampled the beans underfoot'; 
             'green grass growing underfoot')

Super-classes Underneath^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Undergoing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undergoing`
Description	NOTE on Transitive and Intransitive Events and relations: ''Undergoing'' and its subtypes are ''Event''s in which some individual Entity is the Object (semantic 'patient') of some Event or Action - this is an Intransitive Event that may be a subEvent of (''mayHaveSubEvent'') some ''ActingOnSomething'' which is usually expressed by a Transitive verb, or it can be the result of some Event that has no identifiable 'Agent' except perhaps the Thing (semantic 'patient') that is changed itself causing the change. The patient will be said to have 'undergone' some process. An ''Undergoing'' may not cause any change other than to the history of the object - for example, 'exposing' something to radiation may not result in any change other than the fact that the object 'underwent' (experienced) exposure (became 'exposed' to radiation). Such an Event may cause the object to acquire some AttributeValue, and that AttributeValue can be specified by using the relation ''objectHasAttributeAfter'' to relate the Event to the AttributeValue acquired in that Event. Conversely, an AttributeValue acquired as a necessary consequence of some type of event can be related to that EventType by the relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced''. The third type of Event that is related to Transitive and Intransitive Events is a ''PersistentState'' that may be caused by eithr the Transitive or Intransitive Event, or both; such a state can be related to either of those types of Events by the 'causes' relation - the state 'isCausedBy' some Event. Summarizing: ''ActingOnSomething'' - a transitive Event ''Undergoing'' - an Intransitive Event ''PersistentState'' - may be caused by an ''ActingOnSomething'' or an ''Undergoing'. ''objectHasAttributeAfter'' - relates a ''ActingOnSomething'' or a ''Undergoing'' to some AttributeValue that was acquired in that Event ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' - relates an AttributeValue to an EventType that an cause the 'semantic patient' to have that AttributeValue. See property ''mayCauseObjectToBecome'' and to relate such an Event to the Attribute the patient may acquire. Some specialized senses refer to experiences of people: 'to know the pain of ...'. Includes all 3 verb senses of 'undergo' and the five senses of 'experience' in Wordnet: 1. (13) experience, receive, have, get, undergo - (go through (mental or physical states or experiences); 'get an idea'; 'experience vertigo'; 'get nauseous'; 'undergo a strange sensation'; 'The chemical undergoes a sudden change'; 'The fluid undergoes shear'; 'receive injuries'; 'have a feeling') 2. (8) experience, undergo, see, go through - (go or live through; 'We had many trials to go through'; 'he saw action in Viet Nam') 3. (3) take, undergo, submit - (accept or undergo, often unwillingly; 'We took a pay cut') WN verb 'experience': 2. (10) know, experience, live - (have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations; 'I know the feeling!'; 'have you ever known hunger?'; 'I have lived a kind of hell when I was a drug addict'; 'The holocaust survivors have lived a nightmare'; 'I lived through two divorces') 3. (8) experience, receive, have, get, undergo - (go through (mental or physical states or experiences); 'get an idea'; 'experience vertigo'; 'get nauseous'; 'undergo a strange sensation'; 'The chemical undergoes a sudden change'; 'The fluid undergoes shear'; 'receive injuries'; 'have a feeling') 4. (5) feel, experience - (undergo an emotional sensation; 'She felt resentful'; 'He felt regret') 5. (1) have, experience - (undergo; 'The stocks had a fast run-up')
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	TakingAnExam^c IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c

Undergraduate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undergraduate`
Description	An ''Undergraduate'' is a Student who is registered for undergraduate studies (as contrasted with graduate studies) some College of University. Here a ''College'' can be part of a University. `In CYC: 'UndergraduateStudent' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'undergraduate' in WordNet: 1. (1) undergraduate, undergrad - (a university student who has not yet received a first degree)`
Super-classes	CollegeStudent^c
Restrictions	isStudyingAt^op value College^c
Sub-classes	MaleUndergraduate^c FemaleUndergraduate^c

Underground^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underground`
Description	An Attribute specifying that an Object is located underground. In Cyc this was the underground location, but in COSMO the underground location is termed 'UndergroundLocation' and 'Underground' is an attribute. `Cyc: The collection of instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized that are below the surface of the ground of a particular place. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'underground' in WordNet: 1. (7) belowground, underground - (under the level of the ground; 'belowground storage areas'; 'underground caverns')`
Super-classes	LocationAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Subterranean^c

UndergroundLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndergroundLocation`
Description	In Cyc called 'Underground': Cyc: The collection of instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized that are below the surface of the ground of a particular place.
Super-classes	SpatialThing-Localized^c GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Underground^c
Sub-classes	Cave^c Basement^c Bunker^c Mine^c

Underhanded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underhanded

Description

'Underhanded' is an attribute of Actions that are ''Surreptitious'' and also

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'underhanded' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) sneaky, underhand, underhanded - (marked by deception; 
            'achieved success in business only by underhand methods')

Super-classes Unethical^c
Surreptitious^c

Underline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underline`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underline' in WordNet: 1. underscore, underline - (a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter))`
Super-classes	TextMarking^c
Restrictions	isDirectlyBelow^op value PhysicalCharacter^c

Underlying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underlying

Description

''Underlying'' is an AttributeValue specifing that the thing characterized is under something else and forms at least part of the support for that (Object or Substance)

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'underlying' in WordNet:
          2. underlying - (located beneath or below)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UnderlyingObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnderlyingObject`
Description	A ''UnderlyingObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is uderneath some other ''PhysicalObject'' and may or may not provide substantial support to the object(s) (or substance) above. 'UnderlyingObject''s that do not themselves support the overlying object include, for example, an aquifer under a region of ground. Things that do support theobject above are for example a ''WaterBodyBed'' (lke or Stream). `This type requires one to be specific about what lies above the ''UnderlyingObject''.`
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	isBelow^op some (GeographicalRegion^c or GeographicalArea^c or PhysicalObject^c or LocationType^c or GenericLocation^c or PhysicalObjectType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Underlying^c

Undermining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undermining`
Description	This ''Undermining'' is for the physical (not psychological) Event in which some portion of ground is removed from under higher ground or a structure above, potentially causing the material above to collapse under gravity into the cavity created. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'undermine' in WordNet: 2. cave, undermine - (hollow out as if making a cave or opening; 'The river was caving the banks')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c RemovingPhysically^c Translation-LocationChange^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value Soil^c

Underneath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underneath`
Description	''Underneath'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify phrases or sentences to indicate that the things referenced are 'below' the object modified. `Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'underneath' in WordNet: 2. underneath - (under or below an object or a surface; at a lower place or level; directly beneath; 'we could see the original painting underneath'; 'a house with a good foundation underneath')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Underfoot^c

Underpants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underpants`
Description	Various kinds - panties, boxers, briefs. See 'Victoria's Secret' catalog for more. ;-) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underpants' in Wordnet: 1. underpants - (an undergarment that covers the body from the waist no further than to the thighs; usually worn next to the skin)`
Super-classes	Underwear^c
Sub-classes	Panties^c Briefs^c

Underpass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underpass`
Description	NOTE: this is for pedestrian underpasses under roadways, almost always in the center of a City. For the Roadway that passes under a Roadway, use ''RoadUnderpass''. RHW sense includes both meanings: RHW: a passage running underneath, esp. a passage for pedestrians or vehicles, or both, crossing under a railroad, road, etc. NOTE: 'subway' is chiefly British usage. RHW: 'subway': 2. Chiefly Brit. a short tunnel or underground passageway for pedestrians, automobiles, etc.; underpass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underpass' in WordNet: 1. underpass, subway - (an underground tunnel or passage enabling pedestrians to cross a road or railway)
Super-classes	Tunnel^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value Pedestrian^c

UnderpinningAnObject^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnderpinningAnObject

Description

''UnderpinningAnObject'' is a ''SupportingSomething'' Action in which one solid object provides firm support for another SolidObject in a gravitational field.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'underpin' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) underpin - (support from beneath)

Super-classes SupportingSomething^c

UndersellingTheCompetition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndersellingTheCompetition`
Description	A ''UndersellingTheCompetition'' is the action of a merchant who offers to sell a product at a price less than some competing merchants). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'undersell' in WordNet: 1. undersell, undercut - (sell cheaper than one's competition)`
Super-classes	Selling^c Competing^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value CommercialCompetition^c

Undershirt^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undershirt`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'undershirt' in Wordnet: 1. (3) singlet, vest, undershirt - (a collarless men's undergarment for the upper part of the body)`
Super-classes	Underwear^c

Undershooting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undershooting

Description

''Undershooting'' is a ''ShootingAtSomething'' that did not succeed (missed the ''Target'') because the aim was too low, resulting in the Projectile going under the Target or falling before the Target (from the perspective of the shooter). Contrasts with ''Overshooting''.

      Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'undershoot' in WordNet:
        2. undershoot - (shoot short of or below (a target))

Super-classes MissingaTarget^c
ShootingAtSomething^c

Understandable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Understandable`
Description	''Understandable'' is a subtype of ''Clear'' characterizing texts, Assertions, or propositions which are easy to understand. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'understandable' in Wordnet: 1. (6) apprehensible, intelligible, graspable, perceivable, understandable - (capable of being apprehended or understood) WN adj 'comprehensible': 1. comprehensible, comprehendible - (capable of being comprehended or understood; 'an idea comprehensible to the average mind')`
Super-classes	Clear^c
Sub-classes	Perspicuous^c

Understandably^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Understandably`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'understandably' in Wordnet: 1. intelligibly, clearly, understandably - (in an intelligible manner; 'the foreigner spoke to us quite intelligibly')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Understanding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Understanding`
Description	This ''Understanding'' includes both the proces of getting to understand something and the Action of having that Understanding in the mind. ''Understanding'' is a ''Knowing'' in which a Person not only 'knows' some fact, but also knows how that fact relates to other Facts. 'Understanding' is a MentalEvent in which an IntelligentAgent comes to know (understand) some fact; this is the process of acquiring an understanding (knowledge); the state of knowing something is represented in COSMO as 'KnowingSomething'. Every instance of 'Understanding' is caused by some 'KnowingSomething' and causes some additional state of 'KnowingSomething' that includes the original facts known and how they relate to other facts. . To 'realize' something is essentially the same as this concept. The ''Knowledge'' gained in ''Understanding'' does not have to be true. A deeper degree of ''Understanding'' that does not include the 'coming to an understanding' is the subtype ''UnderstandingaProblem''. NOTE: the term 'comprehension' does not have a directly relate sense but RHW senses 1 and 3 of 'comprehension' are close to this concept: 1. the act or process of comprehending. 3. perception or understanding: His comprehension of physics is amazing for a young student. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'understand', sense 1 of 'comprehend' and sense 2 of 'grasp' and sense 1 of 'realize' in WordNet: 2. (29) understand, realize, realise, see - (perceive (an idea or situation) mentally; 'Now I see!'; 'I just can't see your point'; 'Does she realize how important this decision is?'; 'I don't understand the idea') WN 'grasp': 2. (8) grok, get the picture, comprehend, savvy, dig, grasp, compass, apprehend - (get the meaning of something; 'Do you comprehend the meaning of this letter?') WN noun 'understanding': 1. (41) understanding, apprehension, discernment, savvy - (the cognitive condition of someone who understands; 'he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect') WN verb 'interpret': 1. (17) interpret, construe, see - (make sense of; assign a meaning to; 'What message do you see in this letter?'; 'How do you interpret his behavior?')
Super-classes	StrictlyMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	caused^op some KnowingSomething^c alwaysCauses^op value KnowingSomething^c
Sub-classes	Interpreting^c Comprehending^c UnderstandingaProblem^c UnderstandingaPhrase^c Realization^c Insight^c Hindsight^c

UnderstandingaPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnderstandingaPhrase`
Description	''UnderstandingaPhrase'' is a subtype of 'Understanding' in which a Person grasps the ''Meaning'' of some spoken or written ''Phrase'' (which could be short or long - of any size). NOTE:understanding 'spoken' language includes understanding without being able to hear the spoken hrase, as is done in subtype ''Lipreading''. `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'understand' in WordNet: 3. (9) understand, read, interpret, translate - (make sense of a language; 'She understands French'; 'Can you read Greek?') WN verb 'read': 1. (117) read - (interpret something that is written or printed; 'read the advertisement'; 'Have you read Salman Rushdie?')`
Super-classes	StrictlyMentalEvent^c Understanding^c
Sub-classes	Lipreading^c

UnderstandingaProblem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnderstandingaProblem`
Description	'UnderstandingaProblem'' is a subtype of 'Understanding' in which the agent has a more than casual grasp of some specific issue and how it relates to other issues, particularly to 'problems' that need to be soved. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'realize' in WordNet: WN verb 'realize': 1. (48) recognize, recognise, realize, realise, agnize, agnise - (be fully aware or cognizant of)`
Super-classes	StrictlyMentalEvent^c Understanding^c
Restrictions	caused^op some InferringaProblemSolution^c causes^op value InferringaProblemSolution^c

Understated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Understated

Description

''Understated'' is the attribute of a ''Assertion'' that is an ''Understatement'', i.e. describes a ''"SituationProcessEventOrState'' in a manner that minimizes themagnitude of some aspect of that situation.

      THe only sense of 'understated' (syn. 'unostentatious, unpretentious')
         in WN is a different sense than this type.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Asserted^c

Understatement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Understatement`
Description	An ''Understatement'' is a ''Statement'' that asserts a situation that is 'less' in some respect than the true situation, usually intentionally to emphasize the magnitude of the aspect minimized. 'there was no little confusion', 'he was a bit excited' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'understatement' in WordNet: 1. (1) understatement - (a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said)`
Super-classes	Statement^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Understating^c

Understating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Understating`
Description	''Understating'' is an ''Informing'' that inentionally expresses a Situation in a mannner that aserts a magnitude of some aspect significantly less than the real situation. Each ''Understating'' is an assertion containing an ''Evaluation'' (an ''Opining'', explicit or implied) that is less or lower (in some respect) than most other people would assert. The characteristic that is asserted or implied to be 'less' is often the importance or significance of the thing described, but could also be the quality or difficulty or any other characterstic that can have degrees of intensity. 'there was no little confusion' 'he was less than generous' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'understate' in WordNet: 1. (2) understate, minimize, minimise, downplay - (represent as less significant or important)`
Super-classes	Informing^c Opining^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Understatement^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Understated^c produces^op some Opinion^c

Underwear^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Underwear`
Description	CYC: The collection of all undergarments. this represents one item of underwear, and this entry is treated as singular, not a collective noun. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underwear' and sense 1 of 'undergarment' (the parent of 'underwear' in WN) in WordNet: 1. (1) underwear, underclothes, underclothing - (undergarment worn next to the skin and under the outer garments) WN noun 'undergarment': 1. undergarment, unmentionable - (a garment worn under other garments)`
Super-classes	Garment^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToTouch^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Corset^c Undershirt^c Underpants^c Chemise^c Lingerie^c Diaper^c SlipUndergarment^c

Undesirable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undesirable`
Description	A broad EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated, if obtained, would be of negative value; the opposite of 'Desirable'. In COSMO there is a middle ground between being 'Desirable' and 'Undesirable', so being 'not desirable' is necessary but not a sufficient condition. `NOTE that this includes 'unwanted', which does not necessarily mean that the thing thus characterized is of negative value, merely that it is of no net positive value to the evaluating agent. Thus 'Trash' is a collection of Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'undesirable'; note that this implies the parent attribute value 'Unwanted': in WordNet: 1. (2) undesirable - - (not desirable; 'undesirable impurities in steel'; 'legislation excluding undesirable aliens')`
Super-classes	Bad^c Unwanted^c
Sub-classes	Blameworthy^c Detrimental^c Deficient^c Ineffective^c Coercive^c Undesired^c Dangerous^c Suboptimal^c

UndesirableBehavior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndesirableBehavior`
Description	An ''UndesirableBehavior'' is a ''MannerOfBehavior'' considered ''Undesirable'' by some Person. Thus this is relative to some Person who is evaluating the Behavior. The agent doing the evauating is pointed to by the relation ''hadAffectedAgent'' - 'affected' in this case can mean being harmed or merely offended, the reason prompting the evaluation of 'Undesirable''. The type of ''UndesirableBehavior'' that violate some formal Rule (e.g. is actually illegal) is represented by subtype ''Wrongdoing''. @ToDo: NOTE: the need to specify an agent doing the evaluating in evaluative states suggests that the attributes ''Undesirable'' and ''Offensive'' and other evaluative attributes need to have a built-in mechanism to include the agent doing the evaluating. Perhaps an Attribute rather than AttributeValue would be more accurate?? FOr a specific elaboration,a relation 'hasOffendedAgent' might be created, but at rev1539 that is postponed to explore other more general solutions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misbehavior' in WordNet: 1. (3) misbehavior, misbehaviour, misdeed - (improper or wicked or immoral behavior) WN verb 'misbehave': 1. misbehave, misconduct, misdemean - (behave badly; 'The children misbehaved all morning')
Super-classes	Offending^c MannerOfBehavior^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some IntelligentAgent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c
Sub-classes	Wrongdoing^c

UndesirableEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndesirableEvent`
Description	An 'UndesirableEvent' is an Event that is considered an UndesirableThing by some Agent. Membership in this category reflects the viewpoint of some Agent.
Super-classes	Event^c UndesirableThing^c
Sub-classes	Outbreak^c Leaking^c Divesting^c Flooding^c Failure^c AntisocialAction^c UnpleasantEvent^c UpsettingEvent^c

UndesirableSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndesirableSituation`
Description	A 'UndesirableSituation' is any Situation that is ''Undesirable'', i.e. has some aspect(s) that are ''Undesirable'' for any reason to some ''IntelligentAgent''. For situations that are not merely ''Undesirable'' but actually present a risk of some loss, use the subtype ''RiskySituation''. This concept can be labeled as a 'nuisance' or 'annoyance' but includes the more intensive ''RiskySituation'' as a subtype. There is not WN sense of 'nuisance' specifically for situations, so the sense 2 representing a person is taken as including this concept; here we interpret the WN sense as meaning 'the presence of such a person': in WordNet: 2. pain, pain in the neck, nuisance - (a bothersome annoying person; 'that kid is a terrible pain') WN noun 'annoyance': 4. annoyance, bother, botheration, pain, infliction, pain in the neck, pain in the ass - (something or someone that causes trouble; a source of unhappiness; 'washing dishes was a nuisance before we got a dish washer'; 'a bit of a bother'; 'he's not a friend, he's an infliction')
Super-classes	UndesirableThing^c PhysicalSituation^c UnwantedThing^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value Annoyance^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c
Sub-classes	RiskySituation^c DangerousSituation^c Insecurity^c ProblemSituation^c

UndesirableThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndesirableThing`
Description	UndesirableThing is a generic class that can be used to label certain types of objects or situations as undesirable, and therefore something to avoid, and therefore something that is salient. The property of being undesirable ('Bad') is relative to some Agent's purposes, and the restriction requires that the Agent to whom something is Undesirable should be specified. Some things may be undesirable to everyone (e.g. illness). @ToDorev1261: NOTE that the parent ''BadThing'' also has the attribute ''Undesirable'' This illustrates the issue that from one point of view, a thing that is 'Bad' is usually Undesirable, but . . . there may be degrees of Undesirable. How to express?? This thing should be very undesirable? Or, things that are ''Bad'' may be balanced by Good aspects, and therefore not ''Unesirable''??? NOTE that being undesirable is not necessarily to be unpleasant. NOTE: an ''UndesirableThing'' is not necessarily an ''UnwantedThing'', as it may be an unavoidable side-effect of something that is more desirable than the ''UndesirableThing'' is Undesirable. The difference is otherwise vague.
Super-classes	BadThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undesirable^c isUndesirableTo^op some (IntentionalAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	Tumor^c DeathOfaPerson^c War^c UndesirableSituation^c Stealing^c SalientBadEvent^c Vermin^c Owing^c ResponsibilityForPastEvent^c BlameSituation^c Varmint^c Flaw^c UnjustThing^c UndesirableEvent^c Error^c Impurity^c ViolentAction^c ObligationToAdhereToTerms^c Pest^c Debt^c FallingFromaStandingPosition^c
In domain of	isUndesirableTo^op

Undesired^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undesired

Description

''Undesired'' is the attribute of something not ''Desired''. The difference between this and parent ''Unwanted'' is unclear.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undesired' in Wordnet:
          1. undesired, unsought - (not desired; 'an undesired result')

Super-classes Unwanted^c
Undesirable^c

Undetected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undetected`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undetected' in Wordnet: 1. undetected - (not perceived or discerned; 'they feared some undetected trace of poison'; 'she looked around to be sure her faux pas was undetected')`
Super-classes	Light-NotDark^c Imperceptible^c
Sub-classes	Unseen^c

Undignified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undignified`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undignified' in Wordnet: 1. undignified - (lacking dignity)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Undisciplined^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undisciplined`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'undisciplined' in Wordnet: 3. undisciplined, ungoverned - (lacking in discipline or control; 'undisciplined behavior'; 'ungoverned youth')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Undisclosed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undisclosed

Description

''Disclosed'' ''Capitalized'' is the attribute of a ''Secret'' that has not been revealed by a ''DisclosingaSecret'' Action. Distinctions need to be made about the extent of disclosure.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undisclosed' in Wordnet:
          1. undisclosed, unrevealed - (not made known)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Undissolved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undissolved

Description

''Undissolved'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has not experienced a ''Dissolving'' Event. This is usually used for particles of a granular material that has been exposed to some Solven, but not dissolved. Such material could be the paterial remaing from a ''DissolvingSomething'' Action, after some portion of the material has disolved.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undissolved' in Wordnet:
           1. (6) undissolved - (retaining a solid form; 'undissolved sugar in the bottom of the cup')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Undisturbed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undisturbed

Description

''Undisturbed'' is the attribute of a Person who was not ''Disturbed'' while performing some Activity.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undisturbed' in Wordnet:
         1. undisturbed, unmolested - (untroubled by interference or disturbance;
            'food supplies were allowed through unmolested';
               'he could pursue his studies undisturbed')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Undocumented^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undocumented

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undocumented' in Wordnet:
          1. undocumented - (lacking necessary documents (as for e.g. permission to live 
             or work in a country); 'undocumented aliens'; 'undocumented tax deductions')

Super-classes BehaviorAttribute^c

UndoingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndoingAction`
Description	''UndoingAction'' is a ''DoingSomething'' that reverses the effect of a prior ''BecomingEvent'' (which is not itself necessarily a .''DoingSomething''). `No sense of 'reverse' in WN quite captures this concept, but that word can be used to express the meaning. Includes verb senses 1 and art of sense 2 (if the 'chacteristic' is acquired in a ''BecomingEvent'') of 'undo' in Wordnet: 1. (3) undo - (cancel, annul, or reverse an action or its effect; 'I wish I could undo my actions) 2. (1) unmake, undo - (deprive of certain characteristics)`
Super-classes	ReversingEvent^c DoingSomething^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value BecomingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Cancelling^c Unpinning^c UnwindingaSpool^c Untying^c Unraveling^c Unfolding^c Unbuttoning^c

Undone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undone`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undone' in Wordnet: 1. (1) undone - (not done; 'the work could be done or undone and nobody cared')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UndoneTask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndoneTask`
Description	A ''UndoneTask'' is a ''Task'' that one intends to do or is obligated to do, but has not yet been done.
Super-classes	Task^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Undone^c

UndoneTasks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndoneTasks`
Description	Each ''UndoneTasks'' is some Group of ''UndoneTask''s that has not yet been done.
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only UndoneTask^c
Sub-classes	Backlog^c

Undressed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undressed

Description

''Undressed'' is the attribute of someone not wearing the clothing layer just outside of the underwear - pants and shirt (or blouse), or a dress. An ''Undressed'' Person may have on some underwear, or no clothing at all.

        @ToDo: it would be useful to have a term for the layer of clothing just above the 
            underwear.  Anyone know it?

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'undressed' in Wordnet:
         2. unappareled, unattired, unclad, undressed, ungarbed, ungarmented -
           (having removed clothing)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Undressing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undressing`
Description	''Undressing'' is a ''TakingSomethingOff'' where the 'something' is a Person's own clothing, at least the outer clothing, leaving one in underwear, or all of one's clothing, leaving one naked. `CYC: When you take your clothes off. See also subevent #$TakingOffAClothingItem. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'undress' in WordNet: 1. (2) undress, discase, uncase, unclothe, strip, strip down, disrobe, peel - (get undressed; 'please don't undress in front of everybody!'; 'She strips in front of strangers every night for a living')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c TakingSomethingOff^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Dressing^c hadObjectMoved^op some ClothingItem^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Undressed^c

UndulatingMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UndulatingMotion`
Description	An ''UndulatingMotion'' is a ''Motion'' in which something (an Object or field) moves up and down or back and forth for more than a few cycles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'undulation' in WordNet: 2. undulation - (wavelike motion; a gentle rising and falling in the manner of waves) 3. wave, undulation - ((physics) a movement up and down or back and forth)`
Super-classes	MotionInPlace^c ActionSeries^c Motion^c Oscillating^c
Sub-classes	Oscillating^c

Undulation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Undulation`
Description	The Shape of a surface that is alternately curved in opposite directions as one progresses across the surface, such as on the surface of the ocean on a windy day. `The Object having this shape need not be long and thin, as in the ''Curve' of a line. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'undulation' in WordNet: 1. wave, undulation - (an undulating curve)`
Super-classes	TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c ShapedThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wavy^c

UnearthingInformation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnearthingInformation`
Description	''UnearthingInformation'' is a ''DiscoveryEvent'' in which some Information that was hidden or obscure is learned through an active effort to find it. This is not for scientific research. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unearth' in WordNet: 1. (2) unearth - (bring to light; 'The CIA unearthed a plot to kill the President')`
Super-classes	DiscoveryEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value Investigation^c produces^op value Revelation^c

Uneasiness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uneasiness

Description

The 'restlessness manifested as fidgeting is represented by ''Restlessness''. This is for a purely mental state.

       Includes noun senses 1 and 5 of 'uneasiness' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) edginess, uneasiness, inquietude, disquietude - (feelings of anxiety 
              that make you tense and irritable)
          5. restlessness, uneasiness, queasiness - (inability to rest or relax or be still)

Super-classes Feeling^c

Uneconomical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uneconomical`
Description	''Uneconomical'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uneconomical' in WordNet: 1. (2) uneconomical, wasteful - (inefficient in use of time and effort and materials; "a clumsy and wasteful process"; "wasteful duplication of effort"; "uneconomical ebb and flow of power")
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Uneducated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uneducated`
Description	''Uneducated'' is the attribute of a Person that has little or no formal education - someone who did not graduate from high school or its equivalent.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uneducated' in Wordnet: 1. uneducated - (not having a good education)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Illiterate^c

Unemotional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unemotional

Description

''Unemotional'' is an AttributeValue of people who tend to display little emotion - at most times or as a habit.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unemotional' in Wordnet:
       1. unemotional - (unsusceptible to or destitute of or showing no emotion)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unemotionality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unemotionality`
Description	''Unemotionality'' is the ''Trait'' of people who tend to display little emotion - at most times or as a habit. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'unemotionality' in WordNet: 2. unemotionality, emotionlessness - (absence of emotion)`
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Restrictions	isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Unemotional^c

Unemployed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unemployed

Description

'Unemployed'' is the characteristic attribute of a Person who is not in a ''JobSituation''

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unemployed' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) unemployed - (not engaged in a gainful occupation;
              'unemployed workers marched on the capital')

Super-classes Alive^c

UnemployedPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnemployedPerson`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$UnemployedPerson is a worker who is unemployed. An unemployed worker is someone who either has worked previously and could still do so (if s/he had a job), or someone who is qualified to work (e.g., a recent graduate) but has not yet worked. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unemployed person' in WordNet: 1. unemployed person - (someone who is jobless)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unemployed^c

Unemployment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unemployment`
Description	The state of not having employment, i.e. not holding a paid job. being unemployed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unemployment' in WordNet: 1. (3) unemployment - (the state of being unemployed or not having a job; 'unemployment is a serious social evil'; 'the rate of unemployment is an indicator of the health of an economy')`
Super-classes	SocialState^c
Restrictions	isMeasuredBy^op some UnemploymentRate^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unemployed^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Employment^c

UnemploymentRate^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnemploymentRate

Description

The percentage of members of a population capable of working who are not employed. The method for calculating this number varies by country. Each differently calculated rate can be represented as a subtype of this Type.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unemployment rate' in WordNet:
     1. unemployment rate - (the percentage of the work force that
         is unemployed at any given date)

Super-classes EconomicAttribute^c

Unequal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unequal`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unequal' in Wordnet: 2. (1) unequal - (poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Odds-against^c

Unethical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unethical`
Description	''Unethical' is an ''EvaluativeAttribute'' that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated violates some code of ethics. `Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'unethical' in WordNet: 2. base, dishonorable, dishonourable, immoral, unethical - (not adhering to ethical or moral principles; 'base and unpatriotic motives'; 'a base, degrading way of life'; 'cheating is dishonorable'; 'they considered colonialism immoral'; 'unethical practices in handling public funds')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c BadlyBehaved^c
Sub-classes	Underhanded^c Illegal^c Immoral^c

UnethicalAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnethicalAction`
Description	An ''UnethicalAction'' is an ''InfringingARule'' Action where is Rule is some rule of a widely accepted code of Ethics.
Super-classes	Wrongdoing^c InfringingARule^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unethical^c violatesRule^op some Law^c
Sub-classes	IllegalAction^c Dishonesty^c CopyrightInfringement^c

Uneven^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uneven`
Description	'Uneven' is an AttributeValue of a surface that is not smooth or flat, i.e. has multiple perceptible irregularities. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uneven' in WordNet: 1. (4) uneven - (not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture; 'an uneven color'; 'uneven ground'; 'uneven margins'; 'wood with an uneven grain")`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c SurfaceAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Rough^c Wrinkled^c Jagged^c

Uneventful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uneventful

Description

'Uneventful' is a qualitative attribute of Events that have no Salient characteristics.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uneventful' in Wordnet:
         1. uneventful -- (marked by no noteworthy or significant events; 
            'an uneventful life'; 'the voyage was pleasant and uneventful';
            'recovery was uneventful')

Super-classes Routine^c

Unexacting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unexacting`
Description	This ''Unexacting'' is intended as the attribute of someone who (in some situation) is not ''Finicky'' or ''Demanding'' in performing tasks or requiring others to perform exactly as wanted. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unexacting' in Wordnet: 1. unexacting - (not rigorous; 'relaxed and unexacting standards')`
Super-classes	Unassertive^c
Sub-classes	Slack^c

Unexciting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unexciting`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unexciting' in Wordnet: 2. unexciting - (not exciting; 'an unexciting novel'; 'lived an unexciting life')`
Super-classes	Uninteresting^c Dull^c
Sub-classes	Humdrum^c

Unexpected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unexpected`
Description	''Unexpected'' the property that of something that is not expected. It may or may not generate a Feeling of ''Surprise'', in which case it would be the subtype ''Surprising''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unexpected' in WordNet: 1. (7) unexpected - (not expected or anticipated; 'unexpected guests'; 'unexpected news')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Surprising^c Providential^c

Unexpectedly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unexpectedly

Description

''Unexpectedly'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the Event modified was not 'expected' or 'foreseen' by some Person in the situation in focus.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unexpectedly' in WordNet:
           1. (5) unexpectedly, out of the blue - (in a way that was not expected;
             'her brother showed up at the wedding out of the blue')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Unexplained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unexplained`
Description	' Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'unexplained' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unexplained - (not explained; 'accomplished by some unexplained process') 2. (1) unexplained - (having the reason or cause not made clear; 'an unexplained error'
Super-classes	Unclear^c PastParticiple^c

UnexposedFilmCoating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnexposedFilmCoating`
Description	A ''UnexposedFilmCoating'' is a ''PhotosensitiveFilmCoating'' that has not been exposed,, and can be removed (by traditional developers) by the developing process, leaving behind the image reflecting the level (and/or color) of the light focused on that prt of the film. For other types of photosensitive coatings some equivalent process distinguishes the exposed and unexposed components.
Super-classes	PhotosensitiveFilmCoating^c

Unfailing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfailing

Description

This sense of ''Unfailing' is close in meaning to ''Painstaking'' but does not carrry the sense of paying close attention to something, rather just avoiding missing something or leaving out something..

    Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'unfailing' in Wordnet:
      3. unfailing, unflagging - (unceasing; 'unfailing loyalty';
          'unfailing good spirits'; 'unflagging courtesy')

Super-classes Attentive^c
Careful^c

Unfailingly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfailingly

Description

''Legally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action to assert that it is performed every time that it is expected or required. 'unfailingly polite'.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unfailingly' and sense 2 of 'religiously' in Wordnet:
         1. unfailingly - (without fail)
       WN adv 'religiously':
         2. scrupulously, conscientiously, religiously - (with extreme conscientiousness;
            'he came religiously every morning at 8 o'clock')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Unfairly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfairly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unfairly' in Wordnet: 1. unfairly, below the belt - (in an unfair manner; 'they dealt with him unfairly'; 'their accusations hit below the belt')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Unfaithful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfaithful

Description

This sense of ''Unfaithful'' specifically represents the attribute of marital infidelity.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unfaithful' in WordNet:
           2. unfaithful - (having sexual relations with someone other than your husband or wife,
              or your boyfriend or girlfriend; "her husband was unfaithful")

Super-classes Faithless^c

Unfamiliar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfamiliar

Description

An attribute of things that are not well known.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unfamiliar' in Wordnet:
        1. (4) unfamiliar - (not known or well known; 
           'a name unfamiliar to most'; 'be alert at night especially in unfamiliar surroundings')

Super-classes Unknown^c

Unfastening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfastening`
Description	''Unfastening'' is a ''UndoingAction'' that reverses the effect of a ''Fastening'' Action. `This is the transitive Action of causing something to become unfastened. The intransitive sense of 'unfasten' is not yet represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unfasten' in WordNet: 1. (1) unfasten - (cause to become undone; 'unfasten your belt')`
Super-classes	DoingSomething^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op some Fastening^c

Unfavorable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfavorable

Description

''Unfavorable'' is an attribute of situations, times, or predictions that are not conducive to the achievement of a person's goals; this is also anattribute of ''Opinion''s that evaluate something as being less than the average quality for that type of thing. These types of 'unfavorable' can be differentiated.

       Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'unfavorable' in Wordnet:
     2. unfavorable, unfavourable - ((of winds or weather) tending to hinder or oppose;
          'unfavorable winds')
         3. unfavorable, unfavourable - (not favorable; 'made an unfavorable impression'; 
               'unfavorable reviews')

Super-classes Inauspicious^c

UnfavorableOpinion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnfavorableOpinion`
Description	An ''UnfavorableOpinion'' is an ''Opinion'' that ranks the Evaluated thing as lower than the average rank for that type of thing in that respect.
Super-classes	Opinion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unfavorable^c

Unfirm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfirm`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unfirm' in Wordnet: 2. shifting, unfirm - ((of soil) unstable; 'shifting sands'; 'unfirm earth')`
Super-classes	ShiftingPosition^c

Unfit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfit

Description

Not meeting requirements (qualitative or quantitative) to accomplish a goal.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unfit' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) unfit - (below the required standards for a purpose; 'an unfit parent';
           'unfit for human consumption')

Super-classes Inadequate^c

Unfolded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfolded

Description

''Unfolded'' is the attribute of some 'foldable' Object that experienced an ''Unfolding'' and therefore has some part that is visible or more visible than before the unfolding.

      In CYC This appears to refer to a collapsible Device (one that can
        undergo ''Collapsing-Folding'') that is unfolded.  Those distinctions have not yet
        (rev1619) been represented.

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Unfolding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfolding`
Description	An Event in which some PhysicalObject that is folded is reconfigured . This is an ''Action'' so there has to be some agent doing the unfolding. In the case of unfolding of nautally folded things such as protein or DNA, the 'agent' would just be a ''GenericAgent'' that can be interpreted as ''MotherNature'' until more specific force can be identified. This includes intransitive as wel as transifitive senses, and the intransitive sense will be interpreted as 'transitive' with the ''GenericAgent''acting as mentioned above. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unfold' in WordNet: 3. (1) unfold, stretch, stretch out, extend - (extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length; 'Unfold the newspaper'; 'stretch out that piece of cloth'; 'extend the TV antenna') 4. unfold, spread, spread out, open - (spread out or open from a closed or folded state; 'open the map'; 'spread your arms')
Super-classes	ElongatingEvent^c UndoingAction^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Folding^c

Unforeseeable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unforeseeable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unforeseeable' in Wordnet: 1. unforeseeable - (incapable of being anticipated; 'unforeseeable consequences')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unforeseen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unforeseen

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unforeseen' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) unanticipated, unforeseen, unlooked-for, out of the blue - (not anticipated;
              'unanticipated and disconcerting lines of development'- H.W.Glidden; 
              'unforeseen circumstances'; 'a virtue unlooked-for in people so full of energy'; 
              'like a bolt out of the blue')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unforgettable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unforgettable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unforgettable' in Wordnet: 1. (3) unforgettable - (impossible to forget)`
Super-classes	Memorable^c

Unfortunate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfortunate`
Description	The attribute of some ''IntentionalAgent'' that has been harmed by an Event (or FunctionalProcess) that may not have occured, or whose outcome might have been beneficial to that agent; the attribute of the Event that was not beneficial to the agent is ''Regrettable''. This is an AttributeValue of 'IntentionalAgent's, not of Events. To refer to an Event as being unlucky for a person or agent, use 'wasUnluckyFor', or the attribute ''Regrettable''.. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'unfortunate' and sense of 'unlucky' in WordNet, but applies only to agents, not to Events: in WordNet: 1. (7) unfortunate - (not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune; 'an unfortunate turn of events'; 'an unfortunate decision'; 'unfortunate investments'; 'an unfortunate night for all concerned') 1. (1) unlucky, luckless - (having or bringing misfortune; 'Friday the 13th is an unlucky date')
Super-classes	AgentAttributeValue^c Bad^c
Sub-classes	Pitiable^c

UnfortunatePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnfortunatePerson`
Description	An ''UnfortunatePerson'' is someone who has experienced ''Misfortune''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unfortunate' in WordNet: 1. (1) unfortunate, unfortunate person - (a person who suffers misfortune)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unfortunate^c
Sub-classes	Outcast^c AbandonedPerson^c

Unfounded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfounded

Description

''Unfounded'' is an attribute of some ''Assertion''that has no ''ProbatoryEvidence'' to serve as a 'grounds' (foundation) for the assertion.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unfounded' in Wordnet:
           1. baseless, groundless, idle, unfounded, unwarranted, wild - (without a basis in reason or fact;
              'baseless gossip'; 'the allegations proved groundless'; 'idle fears';
              'unfounded suspicions'; 'unwarranted jealousy')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UnfriendingaFacebookFriend^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnfriendingaFacebookFriend`
Description	''UnfriendingaFacebookFriend'' is a ''DiscontinuingaSocialRelation'' in which one participant in an ongoing ''FacebookFriendship'' terminates the 'Friend' relation on their page on the Facebook site.
Super-classes	DiscontinuingaSocialRelation^c
Restrictions	terminatesState^op value FacebookFriendship^c

Unfriendly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfriendly`
Description	The attribute of someone who is not friendly, but is not hostile. A specialization of this type, a more intense degree of unfriendly, is 'Icy-unfriendly' `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unfriendly' in WordNet: 2. unfriendly - (not disposed to friendship or friendliness; 'an unfriendly coldness of manner'; 'an unfriendly action to take')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Icy-unfriendly^c Hostile^c AntiSemitic^c

Unfulfilled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfulfilled

Description

''Unfulfilled'' is an AttributeValue of a need or ''Desire'' that was not fulfilled met, satisfied) by any Action (at a certain time point, not necessarily also later).

        'unfulfilled' is not in WN in this sense.

        Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'unsatisfied' in Wordnet:
          1. unsated, unsatiated, unsatisfied - (not having been satisfied)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Unfunny^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unfunny`
Description	'Unfunny' is the attribute of an intended joke or humorous remark that is not considered as funny - perhaps because it is in bad taste, or just not humorous at all. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unfunny' in Wordnet: 1. unfunny - (not funny; especially failing to achieve the intended humor; 'a very unfunny joke')`
Super-classes	Dull^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value InelegantSpeech^c

Unhappiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unhappiness`
Description	CYC: The collection of all amounts of unhappiness that an agent can feel. Notable specializations include #$Sadness and #$Anger. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'unhappiness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sadness, unhappiness - (emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being) 2. unhappiness - (state characterized by emotions ranging from mild discontentment to deep grief)`
Super-classes	MentalDistress^c
Sub-classes	Sadness^c BeingUpset^c Anxiety^c Dissatisfaction^c Annoyance^c Displeasure^c

Unhappy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unhappy`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing Unhappiness. This is the most general of the negative feeling attributes. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unhappy' in WordNet: 1. (6) unhappy - - (experiencing or marked by or causing sadness or sorrow or discontent; 'unhappy over her departure'; 'unhappy with her raise'; 'after the argument they lapsed into an unhappy silence'; 'had an unhappy time at school'; 'the unhappy (or sad) news'; 'he looks so sad')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Anxious^c Ashamed^c Brokenhearted^c Despondent^c Annoyed^c Depressed^c Guilt-Ridden^c Sad^c Angry^c Miserable^c

Unhealthful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unhealthful

Description

''Unhealthful'' is the attribute of situations, locations, or Actions such as ingesting substances that can cause bodily harm or lead to some ''AilmentCondition''.

      Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'unhealthful'
        and sense 3'unhealthy' in Wordnet:
        2. unhealthful - (detrimental to good health; 'unhealthful air pollution';
            'unhealthful conditions in old apartments with peeling lead-based paint')
        3. insalubrious, unhealthful, unhealthy - (detrimental to health)
      WN adj 'unhealthy':
    3. unhealthy - (not conducive to good health; 'an unhealthy diet of fast foods';
       'an unhealthy climate')

Super-classes Detrimental^c
VitalityAttributeValue^c

Unhealthy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unhealthy

Description

''Unhealthy'' is the attribute of not being ''Healthy'', which can but does not always mean that that Person has an ''AilmentCondition''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unhealthy' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) unhealthy - (not in or exhibiting good health in body or mind; 
             'unhealthy ulcers')

Super-classes VitalityAttributeValue^c

Unheard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unheard

Description

''Heard'' is an AttributeValue of ''Sound''s that were not perceived by some Animal (usually a person); this is specific to the Animal of reference, as Sounds heard by one aanimal may be unheard by others.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heard' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) heard - (detected or perceived by the sense of hearing;
            'a conversation heard through the wall')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Unhelpful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unhelpful`
Description	'Unhelpful' is an attribute of people, situations, or events that have not provided assistance or do not have potential to assist an agent to achieve its goals - this includes things that actually impede the ability to achieve goals (represented by the subtype 'Harmful'). This is an EvaluativeAttribute, relative to a particular agent or to specific goals. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unhelpful' in WordNet: 1. unhelpful - (providing no assistance)`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c Bad^c
Sub-classes	Inauspicious^c Harmful^c

Unhurried^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unhurried

Description

An AttributeValue of an Action that is performed at a slower pace than is usual for that type of Action. The reason for the slowness can be anything - a desire to do a careful job, sheer laziness; but use of this type implies that the same agent is capable of doing the Action more quickly, and has a reason for not doing it quickly. This is a subtype of 'prolonged'. Examples: 'An unhurried visit to the museum'. Contrasts with 'hurried'

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unhurried', and sense 1 of 'leisurely'
         and sense 2 of 'slow' in WordNet:
        WN 'unhurried'
          1. (1) unhurried - (relaxed and leisurely; without hurry or haste;
            'people strolling about in an unhurried way'; 'an unhurried walk';
            'spoke in a calm and unhurried voice')
        WN  'leisurely'
          1. easy, easygoing, leisurely - (not hurried or forced; 
            'an easy walk around the block'; 'at a leisurely (or easygoing) pace')
        WN 'slow':
          2. (3) slow - (at a slow tempo; 'the band played a slow waltz')

Super-classes EventAttributeValue^c

Unicorn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unicorn

Description

A ''Unicorn'' is a Mythical creature that appears like a white horse with a long single horn growing out of the head.

      CYC: A mythological creature with the general size and
        shape of a horse, but with a horn growing out of its
        forehead. Unicorns are usually white.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unicorn' in Wordnet:
          1. unicorn - (an imaginary creature represented as a white horse 
          with a long horn growing from its forehead)

Super-classes HumanScaleObject^c
IntelligentAgent^c
MythicalThing^c
SentientAnimal^c
EquineAnimal^c

Unicycle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unicycle`
Description	A ''Unicycle'' is rarely if ever used as a means of transportation, but mostly for entertainment or display of skill. It's hard to keep one's balance on such a Device. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unicycle' in WordNet: 1. unicycle, monocycle - (a vehicle with a single wheel that is driven by pedals)`
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c Device-UserPowered^c MountableTransporter^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op exactly 1

Unidentified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unidentified

Description

'Unidentified' is an AttributeValue of anything that is known or suspected to exist, but whose identity is not specifically known (at least enough to assign a probability).

   This will be used to help describe certain values of entities
     such as 'UnidentifiedAgent' to be used as the filler for
     required values, such as the owner of ArtifactObjects.



     NOTE that the term 'anonymous' is usually used to refer to a Person
       who created some ''ConceptualWork'' but chose not to has his/her name
       associated with that work.  That meaning is included here, but could be
       logically distinguished.  @@ToDo - make 'anonymous separate'.

   This allows the ontology developer to require values for some
    relations even where the actual value may not be known.
    If not known, then a filler that has the prloperty 'Unidentified' can
    be used, and when the reasoner sees a value that has that property,
    the reasoner must be programmed so that it does not make the
    mistake of thinking that all instance of that value are actually identical,
    e.g. not all books written by 'Anonymous' are written by the same
    person, etc, etc. The property 'Unidentified' can be used as the
    signal not to equate instances that have the same label.

    Includes both senses of 'unidentified' and adj sense 2 of 'unknown' 
        and adjective sense 1 of 'anonymous' in Wordnet:
      1. unidentified - (not yet identified; 'an unidentified species'; 
         'an unidentified witness')
      2. nameless, unidentified, unknown, unnamed - (being or having an 
         unknown or unnamed source; 'a poem by an unknown author'; 
         'corporations responsible to nameless owners'; 'an unnamed donor')
       WN adjective 'anonymous':
         1. (7) anonymous, anon. - (having no known name or identity or known source;
         'anonymous authors'; 'anonymous donors'; 'an anonymous gift')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UnidentifiedPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnidentifiedPerson`
Description	The subtype of People (or groups of people) and who are not specified by name, but may or may not have a specific referent. The subtype ''Anybody'' is an example without a specific referent..
Super-classes	UnknownAgent^c Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unidentified^c hasMassInGrams^dp value -1.0^c
Sub-classes	Anonymous^c Nobody^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Somebody001

Unified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unified`
Description	''Unified'' is an AttributeValue that can characterize anything that can be united (joined, merged) with something else to form a new identifiable unit - which can be almost anything. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unified' in Wordnet: 1. (5) incorporate, incorporated, integrated, merged, unified - (formed or united into a whole)`
Super-classes	Combined^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Whole^c

Uniform^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uniform

Description

Any ClothingOutfit designed to identify people as a member of a certain group.

      CYC The collection of all standardized clothing items
        that actors wear for some kind of Scripts that they perform
        be it for their job or for playing on a sports team, etc..

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uniform' in WordNet:
        1. (18) uniform - (clothing of distinctive design worn 
          by members of a particular group as a means of identification)

Super-classes ClothingOutfit^c

UniformRange^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniformRange

Description

A UniformRange is a measure that expresses the distance from the mean that a measurement could be. When measures use a UniformRange they may be expressed, for example as '10 +/- 1 meter', meaning that the measure could fall into the range from 9 to 11 meters.

     Though not typically described explicitly, such
     a UniformRange, if it is intended to be interpreted
     in a distributional manner rather than as meaning that the
     measure has equal probability of being found at any point in 
     that range, could function as and be converted
     to a GaussianOneSigma ConfidenceInterval.  For
     example, if a range is given and it implicitly means 
     that there is a 95% probability that the true value will lie
     inside that range, then the cited number could be interpreted as a
     Gaussian two sigma value; if the range is intended to
     mean that 99% of the time the true value will be within
     the cited range, then the cited value could be
     interpreted as a three-sigma value, and converted
     to one-sigma by dividing by three.

     If, however the range is not intended to represent
     a Gaussian-like distribution, but merely is a way of
     saying that the true measure must be somewhere within that
     range, conversion to a statistical measure will not
     be possible to do while preserving the meaning of
     the cited range.  For cases where no confidence or statistical
     values are implied, use of a 'SimpleRange' is suggested..

Super-classes ValueRange^c
QuantitativeAttributeValue^c

Uniformed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uniformed

Description

NOTE: when people who usually wear a ''Uniform'' while on the job are not wearing the uniform (e.g. when off-duty or just at home), they are no longer ''Unifored'' but could be referred to as 'out of uniform', especially for Policemen and soldiers.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uniformed' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) uniformed - (dressed in a uniform; 'uniformed policemen lined the President's route')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Uniformity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uniformity`
Description	''Uniformity'' is a PersistentState in which some Object or Place is 'uniform' in the sense represented by ''OfUniformComposition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uniformity' in WordNet: 1. (2) uniformity - (a condition in which everything is regular and unvarying)`
Super-classes	PurposefulInaction^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value OfUniformComposition^c

Uniformly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uniformly

Description

''Uniformly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that it occurs in similar manner in

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'uniformly' in Wordnet:
          1. (7) uniformly - (in a uniform manner; 'a uniformly bright surface')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Unilateral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unilateral

Description

''Unilateral'' is the property of anything (Object or Action) that is located at or occurs on one side of some object. For 'one-sided' pertaining to Actions performed by one Person, use ''One-Sided''

         Corresponds to part (pertaining to Sides of an Object) of adjective sense 1 of 'unilateral' 
            in Wordnet:
           1. (1) unilateral, one-sided - (involving only one part or side; 
               'unilateral paralysis'; 'a unilateral decision')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

UnilateralGetting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnilateralGetting`
Description	Any instance of Getting that is not part of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Getting where nothing is given in return. Some examples of UnilateralGetting are: appropriating, commandeering, stealing, etc.
Super-classes	GainingControl^c
Sub-classes	Stealing^c Hijacking^c

Unilaterally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unilaterally

Description

''Unilaterally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Actions affecting more than one Agent, taken by only one agent.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unilaterally' in Wordnet:
         1. unilaterally - (in a unilateral manner; 'they worked out an agreement unilaterally')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Unimportant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unimportant`
Description	An attribute meaning 'not important'. This is an EvaluativeAttribute - what is Important to some people will be Unimportant to others. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unimportant' and sense 2 of 'negligible' in WordNet: 1. (2) unimportant - (not important; 'a relatively unimportant feature of the system'; 'the question seems unimportant') WN 'negligible': 1. (7) negligible - (so small as to be meaningless; insignificant; 'the effect was negligible') 2. negligible, paltry, trifling - (not worth considering; 'he considered the prize too paltry for the lives it must cost'; 'piffling efforts'; 'a trifling matter')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Lightweight^c Irrelevant^c

UnimportantThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnimportantThing`
Description	Anything that has negligable value to some cognitive agent. The same thing may be important to a differenet Agent. This is relative to some agent, and is not the same as valueless. `Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'trifle' in Wordnet: 2. technicality, trifle, triviality - (a detail that is considered insignificant) 3. triviality, trivia, trifle, small beer - (something of small importance)`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unimportant^c

Unimpressive^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unimpressive`
Description	An EvaluativeAttribute that asserts that the thing evaluated does not produce an impression on the observer; the thing evaluated could be an Action or an Object, animate or inanimate. `in WordNet: 1. (1) unimpressive - (not capable of impressing)`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	ModestInScale^c

Uninfluenced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uninfluenced

Description

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uninfluenced' in Wordnet:
            1. uninfluenced, unswayed, untouched - (not influenced or affected; 
              'stewed in its petty provincialism untouched by the brisk debates 
              that stirred the old world'- V.L.Parrington; 'unswayed by personal considerations')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Uninformed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uninformed`
Description	This attribute allows one to have some information, but not much. For the truly uninformed use subtype ''Clueless''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uninformed' in Wordnet: 1. uninformed - (not informed; lacking in knowledge or information; 'the uninformed public')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Clueless^c

Uninhabited^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uninhabited`
Description	''Uninhabited'' is the opposite of ''Populated'' (an attribute of Places that have some people residing inside.) NOTE that ''Inhabited'' is not restricted to People, whereas ''Populated'' is, so this type is the opposite of ''Populated', but not the opposite of ''Inhabited'', as an ''Inhabited'' place may only have animals living in it. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uninhabited' in WordNet: 1. uninhabited - (not having inhabitants; not lived in; 'an uninhabited island'; 'gaping doors of uninhabited houses')`
Super-classes	Inhabited^c
Sub-classes	Deserted^c Unpopulated^c

Uninsured^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uninsured

Description

''Uninsured'' is a AttributeValue of Things, the damage to or loss of which, will not be compensated by an ''InsuranceProvider'' due to absence of an ''InsuranceAgreement'' that covers that type of damage or loss.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uninsured' in Wordnet:
           1. uninsured - (not covered by insurance; "an uninsured motorist")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unintelligible^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unintelligible

Description

Something ''Unintelligible'' is not just ''Unobvious'', it may be very difficult or even impossible to understand. An ''Unintelligible'' assertion may not be incoherent, it may only be expressed in a manner that obscures the meaning.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unintelligible' in Wordnet:
          2. opaque, unintelligible - (not clearly understood or expressed)

Super-classes Unobvious^c

Unintended^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unintended`
Description	An attribute of Event that specifies that no Agent performed the Action with the purpose of achieving the result expected or accomplished. This contrasts with actions that are 'Intentional', but an 'Unintended' Event need not be directly caused by an agent (though it usually is), but may be caused by some natural phenomenon. The usage is usually for unintended results of the Actions of an agent. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unintended' in WordNet: 1. (1) unintended - (not deliberate) WN adj 'unintentional': 3. unintentional, unplanned, unwitting - (not intentional; 'an unintended slight'; 'an unintentional pun'; 'the offense was unintentional'; 'an unwitting mistake may be overlooked')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Inadvertent^c

UnintendedEffect^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnintendedEffect`
Description	An ''UnintendedEffect'' is ''Unintended'',not the purpose of an Action, but isnotnecessaily bad, and does not necessarily always occur as a result of some type of ''Action''.
Super-classes	Effect^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c isProducedByEventType^op value Action^c
Sub-classes	SideEffect^c

UnintentionalDiscosure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnintentionalDiscosure`
Description	`NOTE: this is notnecesarily an oral assertion; it can be a revelation evident in some body postue or facial expression. or manner of speech, as wellas explicit speech. The parent types may need modifying. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'giveaway' in WordNet: 2. giveaway - (an unintentional disclosure)`
Super-classes	RevealingaFact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unintended^c

Unintentionally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unintentionally`
Description	''Unintentionally'' is an AdverbialModifier that is a subtype of ''Accidentally'' characterizing Events that occur as a result of Actions that were performed for some purpose other than the Event that results ''Unintentionally'', which was not intended nor expected to happen as a result of the Action The intended result may or ay not also happen. `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unintentionally' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unintentionally, accidentally - (without intention; in an unintentional manner; 'she hit him unintentionally')`
Super-classes	Accidentally^c
Sub-classes	Knowingly^c Unconsciously^c Inadvertently^c

Uninteresting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uninteresting`
Description	Uninteresting is an attribute of things - events, properties, or objects - that the knowledge engineer thinks need not be considered as important by the system. This can be used as a means of cancelling the 'Salient' attribute, when things that are usually interesting are of no concern for a particular application. In such cases, the system should pay attention to the 'important' things, and may ignore the 'Salient'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ininersting' in WordNet: 1. uninteresting - (arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement; 'a very uninteresting account of her trip')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Unexciting^c Corny^c Humdrum^c Dull^c Boring^c

Uninterrupted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uninterrupted

Description

''Uninterrupted'' is the attribute of Events or TimeIntervala that continue (for some period of time) without an ''InterruptingEvent''.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'uninterrupted' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) uninterrupted - (having undisturbed continuity; 
              "a convalescent needs uninterrupted sleep")
          2. continuous, uninterrupted - (continuing in time or space without interruption;
             "a continuous rearrangement of electrons in the solar atoms results 
             in the emission of light"- James Jeans; "a continuous bout of illness lasting six months";
             "lived in continuous fear"; "a continuous row of warehouses"; "a continuous 
             line has no gaps or breaks in it"; "moving midweek holidays to the nearest Monday or Friday 
              allows uninterrupted work weeks")
       WN adj 'unbroken':
         1. (3) unbroken - (marked by continuous or uninterrupted extension in space or time or sequence;
            'cars in an unbroken procession'; 'the unbroken quiet of the afternoon')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Continued^c

Uninterruptedly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uninterruptedly

Description

''Uninterruptedly'' is a more intense form of ''Frequently'', an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event and specifies that the action is performed without or almost without interruption,over some time interval.

      For a corresponding rate measure use ''often''.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'constantly' and sense 1 of 'uninterruptedly' in WordNet:
         1. (1) uninterruptedly - (without interruption; 'this pleasant state of affairs 
              had continued peacefully and uninterruptedly for many years')
         WN adverb 'constantly':
           3. (1) constantly - (without interruption; 'the world is constantly changing')

Super-classes Frequently^c

Uninvolved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uninvolved

Description

''Uninvolved'' is a form of ''Indifferent'' in which a Person lacks any emotional attachment to the Person(s) or situation about which this attribute applies.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of'detached' in WordNet:
          1. (4) degage, detached, uninvolved - (showing lack of emotional involvement; 
              'adopted a degage pose on the arm of the easy chair'- J.S.Perelman; 
              'she may be detached or even unfeeling but at least she's not 
                hypocritically effusive'; 'an uninvolved bystander')
          2. (2) detached, isolated, separated, set-apart - 
                 (being or feeling set or kept apart from others; 
                 'she felt detached from the group'; 'could not remain 
                 the isolated figure he had been'- Sherwood Anderson; 
                 'thought of herself as alone and separated from the others';
                 'had a set-apart feeling')

Super-classes Detached^c
Indifferent^c

UnionOfSets^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnionOfSets

Description

A 'SetMathematical' which is the 'union' of two or more other sets - a mathematical/set-theoretical concept.

 Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'union' in WordNet:
   8. union, sum, join - (a set containing all and only the members 
     of two or more given sets; 'let C be the union of the sets A and B')

Super-classes SetMathematical^c

UnionOrganizer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnionOrganizer`
Description	A ''UnionOrganizer'' is a ''UnionRepresentative'' who acts to encourage workers to form or join a ''LaborUnion''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'labor organizer' in WordNet: 1. organizer, organiser, labor organizer - (someone who enlists workers to join a union)`
Super-classes	UnionRepresentative^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RepresentingAnAgent^c performsAction^op value RecruitingUnionMembers^c

UnionRepresentative^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnionRepresentative`
Description	A ''UnionRepresentative'' is a ''Representative'' who interacts with other people on behalf of a ''LaborUnion''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'union representative' in WordNet: 1. union representative - (a representative for a labor union)`
Super-classes	Representative^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RepresentingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	UnionOrganizer^c

Unionist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unionist`
Description	A ''Unionist'' is a member of a ''LaborUnion''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unionist' in WordNet: 1. trade unionist, unionist, union member - (a worker who belongs to a trade union)`
Super-classes	Worker^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value LaborUnion^c

Unionized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unionized

Description

CYC: The collection of unionized workers. This is an adjective, not a noun as in CYC.

     NOTE: not to be confused with 'unionized' meaning 'un-ionized',
        i.e. not being ionized.

     NOTE: ''Unionized'' is a CYC term that characterizes anyone belonging
     to a LaborUnion.
     @ToDO: not yet added is the term for a PlaceOfBusiness that has a LaborUnion
       representing its workers.

        Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 2 of 'unionized' 
          (for those who are members of a LaborUnion, individualy or as a group,
          but 'unionized shop' would have to be a different sense) in Wordnet:
          2. organized, organised, unionized, unionised - 
             (being a member of or formed into a labor union; 'organized labor';
             'unionized workers'; 'a unionized shop')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unionizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unionizing`
Description	Each ''Unionizing'' is a ''FoundingAnOrganization'' Action in which some Group of workers at some business decide to form and successfully form a LaborUnion to represent them. `NOTE that a COSMO ''LaborUnion'' can be a 'local' or a larger Organization with multiple local branches. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'unionize' in WordNet: 2. unionize, unionise, organize, organise - (form or join a union; "The auto workers decided to unionize")`
Super-classes	FoundingAnOrganization^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCreated^op value LaborUnion^c

Unique^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unique

Description

'Unique' is a property that can be assigned to something that is the only one of its kind, or the only one with certain properties. This is narrower than the parent 'UniqueInaContext'' in that this attribute should apply over all Real-World contexts - locations or times (up to the present)

      Includes adjective sense 1 and 3 of 'unique', sense 6 of 'singular'
         in WordNet:
         1. (10) alone, unique, unequaled, unequalled, unparalleled - -
            (radically distinctive and without equal; 'he is alone in 
            the field of microbiology'; 'this theory is altogether alone in 
            its penetration of the problem'; 'Bach was unique in his handling 
            of counterpoint'; 'craftsmen whose skill is unequaled'; 
            'unparalleled athletic ability'; 'a breakdown of law unparalleled 
            in our history')
         3. singular, unique - - (the single one of its kind;
           'a singular example'; 'the unique existing example of Donne's handwriting'; 
           'a unique copy of an ancient manuscript'; 
           'certain types of problems have unique solutions')

Super-classes UniqueInaContext^c

UniqueID^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniqueID`
Description	COMSO note: a UniqueID is a Identifier that is intended to refer to a unique individual. Unless there is a universal authority who controls such identifiers, it may not in fact be unique. The URI system attempts to serve as unique identifiers, and random guids also serve. `Cyc: A specialization of #$IDObject. Each instance of #$UniqueID is an object that can be used as unique identification for a distinct entity. Instances of this collection are typically strings or numbers. Notable specializations of this collection are #$SocialSecurityNumber, #$IPAddress, and #$MedicareNumber.`
Super-classes	Identifier^c
Sub-classes	PostalCode^c

UniqueIdentifier16^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniqueIdentifier16`
Description	Each UniqueIdentifier16 is an IdentifierString that has exactly 16 characters and must be unique within any given ontology. Making these identifier strings as instances allows the uniqueness to be enforced by an ontology editing tool such as Protege. `The basic 16-char identifier string is unformatted. Formatted subtypes might be defined if desired.`
Super-classes	IdentifierString^c
Restrictions	hasStringLength^dp value 16^c
In range of	hasUniqueIdentifierString16^op hasSecurityID16^op

UniqueInaContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniqueInaContext`
Description	''UniqueInaContext'' is a property that can be assigned to something that is the only one of its kind, in some specific context such as within some spatial region, or within some time frame, or within some Group. 'largest earthquake in recorded history', 'highest peak in North America', 'richest man in China', 'coldest spot on Earth', 'meanest mother on the block', etc. This Attribute will be used to create Roles that are ''UniqueInaContext''. Includes adjective sense 1 and 3 of 'unique', sense 6 of 'singular' in WordNet: 1. (10) alone, unique, unequaled, unequalled, unparalleled - - (radically distinctive and without equal; 'he is alone in the field of microbiology'; 'this theory is altogether alone in its penetration of the problem'; 'Bach was unique in his handling of counterpoint'; 'craftsmen whose skill is unequaled'; 'unparalleled athletic ability'; 'a breakdown of law unparalleled in our history') 3. singular, unique - - (the single one of its kind; 'a singular example'; 'the unique existing example of Donne's handwriting'; 'a unique copy of an ancient manuscript'; 'certain types of problems have unique solutions')
Super-classes	HighlyUnusual^c
Sub-classes	Unprecedented^c Unique^c

UniqueThingInaContext^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniqueThingInaContext`
Description	A ''UniqueThingInaContext'' is the most generic Role for things that are (or are asserted to be) unique in some way in some ontext. This Role serves to allow designating things that have some distinction or distinctive attribute not possessed by others in some context or group. The highest largest, most beautiful - or most of anything, or worst of aything. All can be represented as subtypes of this type and asserte as types for the distinctive thing. `The restriction ''inContext'' requires specifying the Context in which the type assigment holds - in what region is it highest? in what country is that person the rchest? In what group of pople is that person the tallest?`
Super-classes	Role^c ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value UniqueInaContext^c inContext^op some Context^c
Sub-classes	PresidentOfOrganization^c StateBird^c LargestThingInaContext^c HighestThingInaContext^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MoscowRussia http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GlasgowScotland http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MountEverestPeak http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NewYorkCityNY_USA http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#BelgradeSerbia

Uniquely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uniquely

Description

''Uniquely'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify the subject of an Action to express the notion that the subject is the only one that can perform that action. It is use in other ways to characterize adhectives to express a similar concept of uniqueness.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'uniquely' in Wordnet:
          1. (4) uniquely, unambiguously - (so as to be unique; 
              'he could determine uniquely the properties of the compound')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Uniqueness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uniqueness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uniqueness' in WordNet: 1. (3) singularity, uniqueness - (the quality of being one of a kind; 'that singularity distinguished him from all his companions')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unique^c

Unison^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unison

Description

''Unison'' is used mostly with the prefix 'in' to create an adverb that characterizes actions that are in some way coordinanted or matching or simultaneous.

     NOTE: WN sense 2 seems to be equivalent to ''simultaneous', and is included
        here because this type is not just a variant of 'simultaneous'.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unison' in WordNet:
         1. unison - (corresponding exactly; 'marching in unison')
         2. unison - (occurring together or simultaneously; 'the two spoke in unison')

Super-classes Agreement^c

Unit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unit`
Description	A 'Unit' is a composite part of something, having a distinguishable individual identity (not an arbitrary fiat part). This is a broad concept. Includes noun senses 2, 3, and 5 of 'unit' in Wordnet: 2. (16) unit - (an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole; 'the reduced the number of units and installations'; 'the word is a basic linguistic unit') 3. (9) unit, social unit - (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; 'the coach said the offensive unit did a good job'; 'after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit') 5. (2) unit, building block - (a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else; 'units of nucleic acids')
Super-classes	Part^c
Sub-classes	Formation^c BuildingBlock^c Item^c MilitaryUnit^c

UnitOfLength^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitOfLength`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses a quantity of linear length or distance, whether straight or curved: meters, miles, feet, yards, fathoms, etc..
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Sub-classes	MetricUnitOfLength^c OnePace^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yards http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inches http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#millimeters http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#miles http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#feet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#light-years

UnitOfMass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitOfMass`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses a quantity of mass: kilograms, grams, pounds, tons, metric tons, ounces, micrograms, etc..
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#pounds http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#kilograms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#grams

UnitOfMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitOfMeasure`
Description	A standard of measurement for some dimension. For example, the Meter is a UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length, as is the Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a UnitOfMeasure that makes it primitive or fundamental; rather, a system of units (e.g. SystemeInternationalUnit) defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and assigns units for each. NOTE that each UnitOfMeasure is represented as a 'QuantitativeAttributeValue' which means that it has a Quantifier and a UnitOfMeasure. This convention means that a unit of measure is just some instance of measure that is chosen as the 'unit'. This requires that the Quantifier be the number 1, and the UnitOfmeasure be the unit itself. This may seem a bit peculiar, and might be changed if it seems desirable. NOTE; In order to represent 'container full' such as glassful or bottleful ('drank a glass' or 'drank a bottle of') those are considered UnitsOfMeasure, though they may not have precise numberic measure attached. Cyc: A specialization of #$ScalarDenotingFunction (q.v.). Each instance of #$UnitOfMeasure is a function that takes one or two numbers or other #$NumericIntervals as arguments, and returns as value a #$MeasurableQuantity (q.v.), such as a #$Distance or a #$Speed or a #$Volume. If a unit of measure is applied to one number (see #$Number-General) the result is a precise quantity that is a #$ScalarPointValue; if applied to two (different) numbers -- or to one (or two) #$ProperIntervalOnNumberLine(s) -- the result is a closed-interval quantity that is a #$ScalarProperInterval. For example, (#$Meter 5) is the distance five meters and (#$Meter 5 10) is the distance five to ten meters (inclusive) . (A partial exception to the above is the unit-of-measure #$Unity (q.v.), which always returns a #$NumericInterval rather than a #$MeasurableQuantity.) Specializations of #$UnitOfMeasure grouped by what they measure include #$UnitOfTime, #$UnitOfSpeed, and #$UnitOfVolume. Other specializations are #$OneDimensionalUnitOfMeasure, #$MultiDimensionalUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix and #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unit' in WordNet: 1. (34) unit of measurement, unit - (any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange; 'the dollar is the United States unit of currency'; 'a unit of wheat is a bushel'; 'change per unit volume')
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c
Sub-classes	CurrencyUnit^c RateUnit^c FrequencyUnit^c ResourceRatio^c SoluteSolventUnit^c ContainerFull^c SystemeInternationalUnit^c DensityUnit^c UCUMunit^c UnitOfTime^c MetricUnit^c CGSUnitOfMeasure^c PressureUnit^c Peck^c UnitOfMass^c PackagingUnit^c Bushel^c UnitOfLength^c ForceUnit^c EnergyUnit^c ElectromagneticUnit^c GamePoints^c
In range of	hasUnit^op impliesUnit^op columnValuesHaveUnit^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#inches http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#degreesK http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#amps http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#kilograms http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#millimeters http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#degrees http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dollars http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#minutes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#moles http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dollarsCanadian http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#usGallons http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaspoonFul http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#degreesC http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dimensional http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#dimensionless http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#volts http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#meters http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#months http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthLatitude http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#elements http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#milliliters http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#centimeters http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#daysOld http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#miles http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#feet http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#cents http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#grams http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#coulombs http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#oclock http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#bits http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#centsUS http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yearsOld http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#monthsOld http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PoundsPerDollar http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#degreesF http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#light-years http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#kilometers http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#angularSeconds http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#percent http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yards http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#years http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#pounds http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#angularMinutes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#radians

UnitOfMeasureSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitOfMeasureSymbol`
Description	A 'UnitOfMeasureSymbol' is an AbstractSymbol that may be a Word or an abbreviation of a Word, that stands for a UnitOfMeasure. Thus both 'gram' and 'g' are UnitOfMeasureSymbols that represent the mass unit 'gram'. A 'UnitOfMeasureSymbol' may include a prefix, such as in 'kilogram' or the abbregiated equivalent 'kg'.
Super-classes	AbstractSymbol^c

UnitOfTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitOfTime`
Description	Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses a quantity of time: minutes, seconds, years, eons, etc.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time unit' in WordNet: 1. time unit, unit of time - (a unit for measuring time periods)`
Super-classes	UnitOfMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hours http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#minutes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#days http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#months http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#years http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#seconds http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#weeks

UnitOfVolume^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitOfVolume`
Description	A 'UnitOfVolume' is the type for UnitOfMeasure that describe the units for instances of volume of space, werther contained or uncontained. `NOTE: the relations between ''VolumeMeasure', UnitOfVOlume'', UnitOfMeasure need to be reviewed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volume unit' in WordNet: 1. (3) volume unit, capacity unit, capacity measure, cubage unit, cubic measure, cubic content unit, displacement unit, cubature unit - (a unit of measurement of volume or capacity)`
Super-classes	VolumeMeasure^c
Restrictions	isaMeasureOf^op value VolumeOfSpace^c

UnitRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitRatio`
Description	A ''UnitRatio'' is a Pair (a ''Group'') specifying a UnitOfMeasure and a RealNumber to specify the ratio of the *subject (smaller) UnitOfMeasure to the UnitOfMeasure specified by the 'hasUnit' relation. `This can be used to express the assertion that one ''Inch'' is smaller by 12 than one 'foot'. Have entity like 'MillilitersperLiter'? two units and a ratio - three arguments use ''compactedRelation''?`
Super-classes	Ratio^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op some UnitOfMeasure^c hasQuantifier^op only (RealNumber^c or Quantifier^c or QuantifierType^c)
In range of	isLargerThanBy^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LiterToMilliliters http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneHorsepowerTo746Watts http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TeaspoonsToMilliliters

UnitUpAndDownMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitUpAndDownMotion`
Description	UnitUpAndDownMotion is one cycle of moving up (away from the earth) and down (toward the Earth. It is not necessary to touch the Earth or to wind up in the same position that one started in. Thus an airplane's takeoff and landing would be one UnitUpAndDownMotion; a person raising her arm up and down would be one UnitUpAndDownMotion. A jump, a flip of a coin, throwing something upward and having it land at some distance, firing a mortar and having the shell land, and other up and down motions are included. `Not all projectile firing would be included, because some may start at a level or downward angle and continue downward until impact or landing.`
Super-classes	Motion^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hasEventTemporalPart some MotionUpward^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#hasEventTemporalPart some MotionDownward^c
Sub-classes	Jumping^c

United^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#United`
Description	'United' is an attribute of some Group of entities that have joined to form some larger entity with a distinctive identity of its own. One example of a 'United' entity is a couple who are 'Married'; another example would be a country that was formed by the union of two or more other countries or political entities. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'united' in WordNet: 1. (3) united - (characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity; "presented a united front") 3. joined, united - (of or relating to two people who are married to each other)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Married^c

UnitedKingdomGallon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedKingdomGallon

Description

Unit of volume commonly used in the United Kingdom.

   Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Imperial gallon' in WordNet:
     2. gallon, Imperial gallon, congius - 
        (a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal
            to 4 quarts or 4.545 liters)

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

UnitedSatesSoldier^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedSatesSoldier

Description

''UnitedSatesSoldier' is a memberof the US ared forces, not usually applied to mebers of theNavy or AirForce.

       RHW 'GI': 1. a member or former member of the U.S. armed forces, esp. an enlisted soldier.

Super-classes Soldier^c

UnitedStatesGallon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesGallon

Description

Unit of volume commonly used in the United States.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallon' in WordNet:
     1. (2) gallon, gal - (United States liquid unit equal to 4 quarts or 3.785 liters)

Super-classes VolumeMeasure^c

UnitedStatesPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesPerson`
Description	An instance of #$Nationality. Each instance of #$UnitedStatesPerson is a person who is currently among that country's citizens (see the predicate #$citizens), or is a participant in the #$NationalCulture of the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica (see #$UnitedStatesCulture). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'American' in Wordnet: 1. (33) American - (a native or inhabitant of the United States)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesOfAmerica^c
Sub-classes	UnitedStatesPresident^c Texan^c USSenator^c USRepresentative^c African-AmericanPerson^c AngloPerson^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Einstein

UnitedStatesPostalService^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesPostalService

Description

The ''UnitedStatesPostalService'' is the official government PostalService for the USA.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'United States Postal Service' in WordNet:
         1. United States Postal Service, US Postal Service, USPS - 
           (an independent federal agency that provides mail processing and delivery service 
           for individuals and businesses in the United States)

Super-classes PostalService^c

UnitedStatesPresident^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesPresident`
Description	A specialization of both #$UnitedStatesPerson and #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState. Each instance of #$UnitedStatesPresident is a person who holds the office of President of the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'president' in WordNet: 2. (5) President of the United States, United States President, President, Chief Executive - (the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government; 'the President likes to jog every morning')`
Super-classes	UnitedStatesPerson^c ElectedOfficial^c President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState^c HeadOfGovernment^c InfluentialPerson^c
Restrictions	of^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnitedStatesOfAmerica^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WilliamJeffersonClinton

Uniting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uniting`
Description	An Event in which two or more entities with a separate identity cobine to form one entity with its own identity - even if the original entities keep their own identities. For commercial mergers use subtype ''CommercialMerger''. Corresponds to verb senses 2 and 6 of 'unite' and sense 1 of 'merge' and sense 11 of 'union' and sense 1 and 3 of 'unification' and verb senses 1 and 5 of 'unify' in WordNet: 2. (7) unify, unite, merge - (become one; 'Germany unified officially in 1990'; 'Will the two Koreas unify?') 6. unite, unify, merge - (join or combine; 'We merged our resources') WN noun 'union': 11. union, unification, uniting, conjugation, jointure - (the act of making or becoming a single unit; 'the union of opposing factions'; 'he looked forward to the unification of his family for the holidays') WN noun 'unification': 1. (1) fusion, merger, unification - (an occurrence that involves the production of a union) 3. union, unification, uniting, conjugation, jointure - (the act of making or becoming a single unit; 'the union of opposing factions'; 'he looked forward to the unification of his family for the holidays')
Super-classes	Combining^c
Sub-classes	Reuniting^c ConsolidatingAction^c

Universal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Universal

Description

An attribute of things or attributes that occur in (almost) every instance of some Group of objects or situations. This is not a necessary property, so being 'Universal' does not mean that it is certain that every instance will conform to the universality. This AttributeValue msut include reference to that conceptual component that is in fact Universal ('the color red is universal for fire engines') in order to apply that criterion to all members of a Group.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'universal' in WordNet:
         2. universal - (applicable to or common to all members of a
            group or set; 'the play opened to universal acclaim'; 
            'rap enjoys universal appeal among teenage boys')

Super-classes Widespread^c

UniversalResourceLocator^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniversalResourceLocator`
Description	A UniversalResourceLocator (AKA URL) identifies a location in the address space of some computer or computer network, from which an electronic file might be retrieved. NOTE that the existence of a URL does not guarantee that there is actually any file available by accessing that location, let alone guarantee what the content of the file is. A URL may just be used as a unique identifier, without any physical location existing that corresponds to the address. BUT when the relation 'isDescribedByBLOBatURL' is used, that does mean that there is (or was) actually an addressable physical file (or part of a file) at that location. The absence of such a file would mean that the relation is false. HOWEVER, the existence of the file at a particular location does not mean that the file can be retrieved at any given time (system may be down) or by just any person (permissions may be restricted). Corresponds to sense 1 of 'URL' in WordNet: 1. URL, uniform resource locator, universal resource locator - (the address of a web page on the world wide web)
Super-classes	AddressString^c
In range of	isDescribedByBLOBatURL^op isRepresentedByImageAtURL^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#http_en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Semantic_interoperability http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#http_www.wikipedia.org

Universally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Universally`
Description	`Corresponds to adverrb sense 1 of 'universally' in Wordnet: 1. (5) universally - (everywhere; 'people universally agree on this')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

University^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#University`
Description	A specialization of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution, #$EducationalOrganization, #$ResearchOrganization, and #$GeographicalAgent. Instances of #$University are educational organizations (whose official names usually, but not always, include the word 'University') at which university-level teaching and research takes place. Some universities comprise multiple colleges and professional schools. Note that this collection includes universities that lie within a more or less local and spatially contiguous campus as well as those that consist of a system of such campuses. Thus both #$UniversityOfTexasAtAustin and its encompassing system (see #$subOrganizations) #$UniversityOfTexas are instances of #$University. SUMO: A School which admits students that have graduated from high school (known as undergraduate students) and students who have received a bachelor's degree (known as graduate students). A University confers both bachelor's and graduate degrees. COSMO note: this is the Organization, not the buildings nor the faculty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'university' in WordNet: 3. (1) university - (a large and diverse institution of higher learning created to educate for life and for a profession and to grant degrees)
Super-classes	GeographicalAgent^c CollegeOrGraduateSchool^c ResearchOrganization^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EidgenossisheTechnischeHochschule http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#StanfordUniversity http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#HarvardUniversity http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RenssalearPolytechnicInstitute http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniversityOfDublin

UniversitySystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UniversitySystem`
Description
Super-classes	EducationalSystem^c

Unjust^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unjust

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute of decisions or other actions of a judgmental nature, characterizing the judgments as being biased (as by prejudice or self-interest), and not satisfying the requirements of justice. This includes the meaning 'inequitable' as in an improper distribution of benefits among a group'. This applies to decisions; unfair methods are represented by 'Unfair' in COSMO.

     This corresponds to all senses 1 and 3 of adjective 'unjust' and sense 1 of 'unfair'
         in WordNet;for the sense of 'showing favoritism' use ''Partial''.  in WordNet:
       WN 'unjust':
       1. (1) unfair, unjust - (not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deception;
          'used unfair methods'; 'it was an unfair trial'; 'took an unfair advantage')
   2. unjust - (violating principles of justice; 'unjust punishment'; 
       'an unjust judge'; 'an unjust accusation')
   3. inequitable, unjust - (not equitable or fair; 'the inequitable division of wealth';
      'inequitable taxation')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c

UnjustThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnjustThing`
Description	Any situation that is Unjust; in general usage this can be called a 'wrong'. Something done by one person that is harmful to another person without just cause. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wrong' and includes sense 1 of 'injustice' in WordNet: 1. (3) wrong, wrongfulness - (that which is contrary to the principles of justice or law; 'he feels that you are in the wrong') WN noun 'injustice': 1. (2) injustice, unfairness, iniquity, shabbiness - (an unjust act)`
Super-classes	UndesirableThing^c SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Restrictions	violatesRule^op some Rule^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unjust^c
Sub-classes	Wrongdoing^c

Unkind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unkind`
Description	The attribute of someone who intentionally does something(s) harmful to others without good reason. This includes inflicting psychological pain. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unkind' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unkind - (lacking kindness; 'a thoughtless and unkind remark'; 'the unkindest cut of all')`
Super-classes	FeelingAttribute^c BadlyBehaved^c
Sub-classes	Cruel^c

Unknowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unknowing`
Description	''Unknowing'' is the attribute of someone who is not aware and not ''Cognizant'' of some specific fact. Broad lack of knowledge is represented by ''Ignorant''. One who is ''Unknowing'' about some fact may know a lot about a lot of other things, so this is narrowly specific to some topic. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unknowing' in Wordnet: 3. ignorant, unknowledgeable, unknowing, unwitting - (unaware because of a lack of relevant information or knowledge; 'he was completely ignorant of the circumstances'; 'an unknowledgeable assistant'; 'his rudeness was unwitting') WN adjective 'unaware': 1. (8) unaware, incognizant - ((often followed by 'of') not aware; 'seemed unaware of the scrutiny'; 'unaware of the danger they were in'; 'unaware of the newborn hope'; 'the most unaware person I've known')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Oblivious^c

Unknown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unknown`
Description	An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations - that are not widely known. This does not imply that they are necessarily common or are not remarkable; truly remarkable things can be unknown. NOTE: to create an individual that is not known (to the ontologist, or to someone else) create a unique individual that is an instance of a class of that type such as 'UnknownPerson' and give it a unique identifier. See 'UnknownEntity' for more explanation of this tactic. Such individuals will inherit the attribute 'Unidentified', the attribute used to signal the reasoner that the value is unknown (to the data enterer, usually) and must not be equated with any other individual. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'unknown' and 'obscure' in WordNet: 4. (1) obscure, unknown, unsung - (not famous or acclaimed; 'an obscure family'; 'unsung heroes of the war')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c Salient^c
Sub-classes	Unfamiliar^c

UnknownAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownAgent`
Description	UnknownAgent is the type whose instance are IntelligentAgents whose identity is not known to the data enterer. There are many such agents, each of which will be an instance of this type. Two UnknownAgents represented in some database may or may not be the same agent, if there is not definitive information to determine identity. `The instance 'UnidentifiedAgent' can be used as the filler, where required (as in ownership) for an Agent whose identity is not known. For authors, 'UnidentifiedAuthor' can be used`
Super-classes	UnknownIndividual^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unidentified^c hasVitalityAttribute^op value UnknownVitalityAttribute^c
Sub-classes	UnidentifiedPerson^c Someone^c AnonymousAuthor^c Anybody^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnidentifiedAuthor1 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownAgent2 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownAgent3 http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownAgent1

UnknownEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownEvent`
Description	Any ''Event'' that is not known to some Agent at some time because it is in the future, or because that agent has not obtained information about an Event that has in fact occurred. To be meaningful this needs specifying the agent to whom it is unknown and the time at which it is unknown.
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	FutureSituation^c

UnknownIndividual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownIndividual`
Description	`NOTE: to create an individual that is not known (to the ontologist, or to someone else) create a unique individual that is an instance of a class of that type such as 'UnknownPerson' and give it a unique identifier. Each such class will be a subtype of the class 'UnknownIndividual'. Such individuals will inherit the attribute 'Unidentified', the attribute used to signal the reasoner that the value is unknown (to the data enterer, usually) and must not be equated with any other individual.`
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unidentified^c isNotKnownTo^op only IntentionalAgent^c
Sub-classes	UnknownAgent^c UnknownVitalityAttribute^c
In domain of	isNotKnownTo^op

UnknownVitalityAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnknownVitalityAttribute`
Description	'UnknownVitalityAttribute' is used as a filler for instances where a vitality attribute is required,but is not known. This has the property 'Unidentified' do that a reasoner or preprocessor can avoid inference that all such instances are the same.
Super-classes	UnknownIndividual^c VitalityAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unidentified^c

Unleashing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unleashing`
Description	''Unleashing'' is a ''ReleasingaHeldObject'' that is literally allowing a leashed animal to go free by unconnecting the leash from the animal (usually a ''Dog''). `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'unleash' in WordNet: 2. (1) unleash - (release from a leash; 'unleash the dogs in the park')`
Super-classes	Disconnecting^c RemovingSomething^c ReleasingaHeldObject^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Leash^c hadAffectedAgent^op some NonHumanAnimal^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value LeashingAnAnimal^c

Unleavened^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unleavened

Description

''Unleavened'' is the attribute of a ''Bread'' substance or ''BreadObject'' that has not been 'raised' in a ''Leavening'' Event, and is therefore denser than a ''Leavened'' ''BreadObject'' of otherwise identical composition..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unleavened' in Wordnet:
          1. unleavened, unraised - (made without leavening; 'unleavened bread 
             is often simply flour mixed with water')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Unlike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unlike

Description

''Unlike'' is an AttributeValue of a Group no two of whose elements are ''Equal''. This is used mostly for Pairs of things. This is interpeted as 'Unequal' with respect to some attribute. This is a general sense, not restricting the attribute with respect to which the things are unequal.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unequal' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) unlike, unequal - (not equal in amount;
          'they distributed unlike (or unequal) sums to the various charities')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unlikely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unlikely`
Description	'Unlikely' is a subtype of ''Doubtful'' (a greater-than-zero 'VerbalProbability'), an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that may be true, but probably is not, in some Possible World. This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0 to 0.30. Because things that are unlikely may not in fact be possible, even the one-in-a-billion lower limit of 'possible' is too high, so this is not a subtype of 'Possible'. If something is possible but unlikely, both attributes can be used, as the ranges overlap, and the overlap will represent the resulting range. Includes all 3 senses of 'unlikely' and all 3 senses of improbable' in WordNet: 1. (6) improbable, unlikely - (not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred; 'legislation on the question is highly unlikely'; 'an improbable event') 2. (5) unlikely - (has little chance of being the case or coming about; 'an unlikely story'; 'an unlikely candidate for reelection'; 'a butcher is unlikely to preach vegetarianism') 3. improbable, unbelievable, unconvincing, unlikely - (having a probability too low to inspire belief) WN adj 'improbable': 3. improbable, marvelous, marvellous, tall - (too improbable to admit of belief; 'a tall story')
Super-classes	Doubtful^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.49^c
Sub-classes	Chimerical^c VeryUnlikely^c

UnlikelyThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnlikelyThing`
Description	An ''UnlikelyThing'' is an Event or Proposition that is considered to be ''Unlikely'' by some IntelligentAgent. An Event of this type may not have happened or may not happen in the future, or the Proposition is likely to be false - (according to the belief of the agent holding this opinion) `This should be referenced to some IntelligentAgent - how?`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unlikely^c
Sub-classes	ImpossibleThing^c

Unlimited^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unlimited`
Description	''Unlimited'' is an AttributeValue of something - such as an attribute, assertion, Action, Right, that has not been subject to some ''Limit'' for internal or external reasons. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unlimited' in Wordnet: 1. (3) unlimited, limitless - (having no limits in range or scope; 'to start with a theory of unlimited freedom is to end up with unlimited despotism'- Philip Rahv; 'the limitless reaches of outer space') WN adj 'boundless': 1. (1) boundless, unbounded, limitless - (seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent; 'unbounded enthusiasm'; 'children with boundless energy'; 'a limitless supply of money') WN adj 'limitless': 1. (1) illimitable, limitless, measureless, unmeasured - (without limits in extent or size or quantity; 'immeasurable vastness of our solar system')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unqualified-Unlimited^c

UnloadingSomethingFromaVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnloadingSomethingFromaVehicle`
Description	''UnloadingSomethingFromaVehicle'' is a ''TakingSomethingOff'' where the thing moved is some PhysicalObject (which could be a quantity of liquid pumped from a transport container), moved from a vehicle to some other location,not necessarily its final destination. `CYC: A collection of events. An #$Unloading event is one in which an agent purposefully takes something (the #$objectRemoved) out of a container (the #$objectRemaining). This is for some 'Shipment; DischargingaPassenger should be a different sense. orresponds to verb senses 2 of 'unload' in WordNet: 2. unload, unlade, offload - (take the load off (a container or vehicle); 'unload the truck'; 'offload the van')`
Super-classes	TakingSomethingOff^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Loading^c isaSubEventOf^op value TransportationServiceEvent^c hadObjectMoved^op some PhysicalObject^c hasStartingPlace^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c removes^op value PhysicalObject^c

Unlocked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unlocked

Description

COSMO: In Cyc, 'OpenAccess' - reinterpreted for COSMO as an AttributeValue. This should be restricted to artifacts that can be secured in some way, or to the 'Lock' that helps secure things..

    Cyc: The attribute describing objects to which access
        is completely open.  Kinds of objects with #$OpenAccess
        include #$Unlocked objects, unencrypted
        #$InternetCommunication, and unguarded pots of gold.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unlocked' in WordNet:
         1. (2) unbarred, unbolted, unlatched, unlocked, unsecured - (not firmly fastened
         or secured; 'an unbarred door'; 'went through the unlatched gate into the street'; 'an unlocked room')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UnlockedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnlockedObject`
Description	In Cyc, 'OpenAccess'. `Cyc: The attribute describing objects to which access is completely open. Kinds of objects with #$OpenAccess include #$Unlocked objects, unencrypted #$InternetCommunication, and unguarded pots of gold.`
Super-classes	Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unlocked^c
Sub-classes	Device-Unlocked^c

UnlockingALock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnlockingALock`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which a lock is unlocked. Some locks (not all) are opened by a 'Key', thus the restriction, which does not exclude combination locks. `For the more specific type of 'Lock' opened with a metal 'Key', use 'UnlockingaKeyedLock'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unlock' in WordNet: 1. (4) unlock - (open the lock of; 'unlock the door')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c OpeningSomething^c ChangingDeviceState^c
Restrictions	hasStateAfterChange^op value Unlocked^c hadThingAffected^op some Lock^c hasStateBeforeChange^op value Locked^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value LockingSomething^c
Sub-classes	UnlockingaKeyedLock^c

UnlockingaKeyedLock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnlockingaKeyedLock`
Description	CYC: The collection of all events in which a 'KeyedLock' is unlocked. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unlock' in WordNet: 1. (4) unlock - (open the lock of; 'unlock the door')
Super-classes	UnlockingALock^c
Restrictions	isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value Key^c

Unloving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unloving`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unloving' in Wordnet: 1. unloving - (not giving or reciprocating affection)`
Super-classes	Unsympathetic^c

Unmanageable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unmanageable`
Description	This sense of ''Unmanageable''is broadest sense of 'unable to be controlled', including Devices and DeviceTypes, animals, or ''ProblemSituation''s as things that can be so characterized. The subattributes are more specific for the things Tasks that are 'achievable' are characterized by the subAttribute ''Feasible''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'unmanageable' in Wordnet: 4. uncontrollable, uncorrectable, unmanageable - (incapable of being controlled or managed; 'uncontrollable children'; 'an uncorrectable habit')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Uncorrectable^c Unruly^c Uncontrollable^c Unwieldy^c

Unmanned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unmanned

Description

'Unmanned'' is the attribute of a vehicle of a type that would normally have a Person present to perform some function but can be operated by remote control. Such vehicles are usually designed to be operated remotely.

  The sense of 'unmanned' meaning absence of a Person at a post or station that
     normally requires a Person to be present to observe would be  a different
     sense of that word, not represented here.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmanned' in Wordnet:
       1. unmanned, remote-controlled - (lacking a crew; 'an unmanned satellite to Mars')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UnmannedAircraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnmannedAircraft`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$AirTransportationDevices which are designed to travel without human #$driverActor. These craft may be steered by remote control. `NOTE:this includes 'aircraft' that are steered by remote control, so this type is not a subtype of ''Automaton'', which is self-controlled. This also includes ''Weather Balloon''s, which are not steered at all.`
Super-classes	Aircraft^c TransportationDevice-Unmanned^c UnmannedVehicle^c
Sub-classes	Drone^c Missile^c

UnmannedVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnmannedVehicle`
Description	An UnmannedVehicle is a land, sea, or air conveyance that can perform its transport functions without a person being within the vehicle to direct it.
Super-classes	Automaton^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unmanned^c
Sub-classes	UnmannedAircraft^c

Unmarked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unmarked

Description

''Unmarked'' is a AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects (usually ArtifactObjects) whose surface does not have a visible ''IdentificationMark''.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmarked' in Wordnet:
             1. unmarked - (not having an identifying mark; 'unmarked cards'; 
                'an unmarked police car')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unmarried^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unmarried`
Description	'Unmarried' is an attribute of people who are not currently married - including divorced and widowed persons. `CYC 'Single': The attribute of being unmarried (single). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmarried' and sense 4 of 'single' in WordNet: 1. (2) unmarried, single - - (not married or related to the unmarried state; 'unmarried men and women'; 'unmarried life'; 'sex and the single girl'; 'single parenthood'; 'are you married or single?')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Widowed^c NeverMarried^c Divorced^c Estranged^c

Unmindful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unmindful

Description

''Unmindful'' is an Attribute of people who are not paying careful attention to what they are doing, and are thus prone to make some mistake.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmindful' in Wordnet:
         1. unmindful, forgetful, mindless - (not mindful or attentive; 
            'while thus unmindful of his steps he stumbled'- G.B.Shaw)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unmoved^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unmoved`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmoved' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unmoved, unaffected, untouched - (emotionally unmoved; 'always appeared completely unmoved and imperturbable')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unnatural^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unnatural`
Description	This sense of ''Unnatural'' is for things that have some characteristic that does not typically occur 'in nature' without the intervention of people or some rare situation. This can be for things ocurring or being in an unusual location, or having an unusual color, or unusual number or shape of parts, or any other attrbute rarely seen. 'an unnatural pallor'; 'an unnatural number of bears in the area' `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unnatural' in Wordnet: 1. (4) unnatural - (not in accordance with or determined by nature; contrary to nature; 'an unnatural death'; 'the child's unnatural interest in death')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Grotesque^c

Unnecessarily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unnecessarily

Description

''Unnecessarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives and Actions and specifies that the attribute or action was not ''Necessary''.

        Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'unnecessarily' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) unnecessarily - (in an unnecessary manner; 'they were unnecessarily rude')
          2. unnecessarily - (without any necessity; 'this marathon would exhaust him unnecessarily')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c
AdverbOfManner^c

Unnecessary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unnecessary`
Description	'Unnecessary' is an AttributeValue of objects that are not required to perform some action, or of Events (including PersistentStates) that need not occur in order to achieve some Goal. `NOTE that this is an EvaluativeAttribute, because what seems unnecessary to one person may seem necessary to another, even if only to achieve a goal that both disagreeing persons believe to be important or desirable. Disagreement on necessity is a common phenomenon in political disagreements. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unnecessary' in WordNet: 1. (5) unnecessary, unneeded - (not necessary)`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Spare^c Arbitrary^c Gratuitous^c Luxurious^c Redundant^c

Unnerving^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unnerving

Description

''Unnerving'' is a subtype of ''Frightening'' that is caused by the appearance of strength in an adversary or potential damage from an anticipated Event.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unnerving' in Wordnet:
         1. formidable, redoubtable, unnerving - (inspiring fear; 
           'the formidable prospect of major surgery'; 
           'a tougher and more redoubtable adversary than the heel-clicking, 
             jackbooted fanatic'- G.H.Johnston; 
             'something unnerving and prisonlike about high grey wall')

Super-classes Frightening^c

Unnoticeable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unnoticeable

Description

Something ''Unnoticeable'' is something ''Inconspicuous'' though noticeable when carefully observed or looked for.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'unnoticeable' in Wordnet:
          3. obscure, unnoticeable - (not drawing attention; 
            'an unnoticeable cigarette burn on the carpet'; 'an obscure flaw')

Super-classes Inconspicuous^c

Unnoticed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unnoticed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unnoticed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unnoticed - (not noticed; 'hoped his departure had passed unnoticed')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unobtrusive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unobtrusive

Description

''Unobtrusive'' is the attribute of an ''Action'' that is inconspicuous and does not attract enough attention to distract a Person from other Activities.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unobtrusive' in Wordnet:
         1. unobtrusive, unnoticeable - (not obtrusive or undesirably noticeable; 
            'a quiet, unobtrusive life of self-denial')

Super-classes Inconspicuous^c

Unobvious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unobvious`
Description	''Unobvious'' is the opposite of ''Obvious'' - the quality of a fact or assertion that is not eas to see,not immediately apparent to most people considering the issue. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unobvious' in Wordnet: 1. unobvious - (not immediately apparent; 'in mathematical science connections are exhibited which...are extremely unobvious'- A.N.Whitehead)`
Super-classes	Subtle^c
Sub-classes	Unintelligible^c Pernicious^c Inconspicuous^c

Unoccupied^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unoccupied

Description

Unoccupied an attribute of a Device that is available for use because it is not being used already. This includes seats and other spaces provided by artifacts that are unoccupied, as well as devices that have a capacity that is not filled.

      'unoccupied' and 'free' are both used as opposites of 'occupied'
         or 'in use'.  ('Zimmer frei').

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unoccupied' and sense 4 
          of 'free' in WordNet:
         1. (2) unoccupied - (not held or filled or in use;
           'an unoccupied telephone booth'; 'unoccupied hours')
       WN adj 'free':
         4. (3) free - (not occupied or in use; 'a free locker'; 'a free lane')

Super-classes Available^c

Unofficial^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unofficial

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unofficial' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) unofficial - (not having official authority or sanction; 
              'a sort of unofficial mayor'; 'an unofficial estimate'; 
              'he participated in an unofficial capacity')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unordered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unordered`
Description	''Unordered'' is an Attribute of Groups (of any kind) that have no significant internal ordering or arrangement. Such groups may nevertheless be produced by an intentional process such as 'duming' of garbage,but that process will not be performed with the care and intention required to produce an ''Organized'' or ''Ordered'' group.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unordered' in Wordnet: 1. disordered, unordered - (not arranged in order)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	HelterSkelter^c Chaotic^c

Unorganized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unorganized`
Description	''Unorganized'' is an Attribute of Groups (of any kind) that have no significant internal ordering or arrangement. Such groups may nevertheless be produced by an intentional process such as 'duming' of garbage,but that process will not be performed with the care and intention required to produce an ''Organized'' or ''Ordered'' group.. `Closest adjective sense 1 (not exactly identical) of 'unorganized' in WordNet is sense 1: in Wordnet: 1. unorganized, unorganised - (not having or belonging to a structured whole; 'unorganized territories lack a formal government')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Disorderly^c

Unoriginal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unoriginal

Description

''Unoriginal'' can characterize a Person or some Artifact produced by Person, such as a ''CreativeWork'' (Poem, Music, Art work, Literary work), or a theory that does not exhibit some new ideas.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unoriginal' in Wordnet:
         1. unoriginal - (not original; not being or productive of something fresh and unusual;
             'the manuscript contained unoriginal emendations'; 'his life had been unoriginal, 
             conforming completely to the given pattern'- Gwethalyn Graham)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unoriginality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unoriginality`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'unoriginality' in WordNet: 2. unoriginality - (the quality of being unoriginal)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Unoriginal^c
Sub-classes	Orthodoxy^c

Unorthodox^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unorthodox`
Description	''Unorthodox'' is the opposite of ''Orthodox'' characterizing beliefs or practices that differ from the most common and widely accepted. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unorthodox' in Wordnet: 2. (1) unorthodox - (breaking with convention or tradition; 'an unorthodox lifestyle')`
Super-classes	NonConforming^c Unusual^c
Sub-classes	Separatist^c Idiosyncratic^c

Unorthodoxy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unorthodoxy`
Description	A Feeling that disposes a person to appraise things or Actions according to some basic principles. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unorthodoxy' in WordNet: 1. unorthodoxy, heterodoxy, heresy - (any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position)`
Super-classes	OrientedAttitude^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unorthodox^c contrastsWith^op value Orthodoxy^c

Unpacked^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpacked`
Description	''Unpacked'' is the attribute of some ''Package'' that experienced ''Unpacking'', or of the ''Contenst'' of that package,after the ''Unpacking''.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Unpacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpacking`
Description	''Unpacking'' is the Action of removing a PhysicalObject from a ''Package''. This includes a 'wrapped package' with the wrapping as a borderine 'container'. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unpack' in WordNet: 1. (1) unpack, take out - (remove from its packing; 'unpack the presents')`
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Unpacked^c hadChangedEntity^op value Package^c hadChangedEntity^op value Contents^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value Packing^c

Unpaid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpaid`
Description	"'Unpaid'' is an AttributeValue of either (1) Actions are usually instances of a ''WorkingEvent'', for which the person doing the work is compensated, by money or other valuable thing; or (2) bills or debts that have not ben paid in the time expected. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unpaid' in WordNet: 1. (5) unpaid - (not paid; 'unpaid wages'; 'an unpaid bill') 2. unpaid, volunteer - (without payment; 'the soup kitchen was run primarily by unpaid helpers'; 'a volunteer fire department')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Volunteered^c

UnpaidWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnpaidWork`
Description	'UnpaidWork'' is a ''WorkingEvent'' that is not compensated by wages.. This may be work performed voluntarily by a ''Volunteer'' or could be some form of involuntary 'slave labor'.
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	SlaveLabor^c VolunteerWork^c

Unpaired^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpaired

Description

Cool is a QualitativeAttributeValue for one object of what was an ''PairOfObjects'' but for which the matching object of the Pair is no longer accesible (or lost of destroyed). Especially used for ''Sock''s for in a collection of socks when the matching sock has been lost or discarded, but the remaining sock retained.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpaired' in Wordnet:
           1. (4) odd, unmatched, unmated, unpaired - (of the remaining member 
             of a pair, of socks e.g.)

Super-classes Remaining^c

Unpaved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpaved

Description

''Unpaved'' is an AttributeValue of some part of the Ground that has not been covered with a ''PavedSurface''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpaved' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) unpaved - (not having a paved surface)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Unpinning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpinning`
Description	An Action in which some Agent removes the connection created by a ''Pinning'' action.
Super-classes	UndoingAction^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Pinning^c hadThingAffected^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PinnableObject^c or Pin^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Unplanned^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unplanned`
Description	''Dozing'' is unintentionally taking a ''Nap'', usually while doing something sitting down, that lasts a short time. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unplanned' in Wordnet: 1. unplanned - (without apparent forethought or prompting or planning; 'an unplanned economy'; 'accepts an unplanned order'; 'an unplanned pregnancy'; 'unplanned remarks') 2. unintentional, unplanned, unwitting - (not intentional; 'an unintended slight'; 'an unintentional pun'; 'the offense was unintentional'; 'an unwitting mistake may be overlooked') WN adj 'unintentional': 1. undesigned, unintentional - (not done or made or performed with purpose or intent)
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ShortDuration^c
Sub-classes	Impromptu^c

Unplayful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unplayful

Description

''Unplayful'' is the attribute of a Person who prefers to concentrate on serious pursuits, rather than concentrate on ''HavingFun''. 'sober as a judge'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unplayful' in Wordnet:
         1. unplayful, serious, sober - (completely lacking in playfulness)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unpleasant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpleasant`
Description	An attribute of things - events, processes, or objects - that in normal circumstances can be expected to produce a reaction of 'Displeasure' (mild or intense) in most people who experience it (Events) or perceive it (things). This is an attribute for things that actually produce a reaction of displeasure, not for those things that one simply does not like. The sense of 'disagreeable' referring to a trait of people who act unsociably is not included here, but the behavior itself, if it offends other people, would be characterized by this AttributeValue, 'Unpleasant' Corresponds to the single adjective sense of 'unpleasant', and to part of senses 1 and 2 of 'disagreeable' in WordNet: 1. (6) unpleasant - (disagreeable to the senses, to the mind, or feelings ; 'an unpleasant personality'; 'unpleasant repercussions'; 'unpleasant odors') WN 'disagreeable' 1. disagreeable - (not to your liking; 'a most disagreeable journey'; 'a disagreeable old man'; 'in a disagreeable mood') 2. disagreeable, unsympathetic - (not agreeing with your tastes or expectations; 'found the task disagreeable and decided to abandon it'; 'a job temperamentally unsympathetic to him')
Super-classes	Salient^c Bad^c Unwanted^c EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Raspy^c Awful^c Creepy^c BadTasting^c HarshToTheSenses^c Shrill^c Unwelcome^c Antisocial^c Jolting^c Boorish^c Disagreeable^c Boring^c Harsh^c CreepLike^c Aching^c Bearable^c Stinky^c

UnpleasantBodyEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnpleasantBodyEvent`
Description	UnpleasantBodyEvent is any event affecting an animal body which is typically considered unpleasant or harmful. This can be externally caused, such as being shot by a bullet, or internally caused, such as having upset ''Stomach'' or vomiting, or a heart attack. It is limited to physical events affecting the body, and does not include events that are unpleasant psychologically (such as an insult, or being fired) but do not have direct effects on the physical body. The unpleasantness can range from mildly unpleasant, like a mild electrical shock, to lethal.
Super-classes	SalientBadEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Displeasure^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c hadThingAffected^op value AnimalBodyRegion^c
Sub-classes	Hunger^c Vomiting^c Thirst^c AilmentCondition^c

UnpleasantEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnpleasantEvent`
Description	An 'UnpleasantEvent' is an 'UndesirableEvent' that is (among other things) Unpleasant to some IntentionalAgent. This includes the transitive sense of 'displease' as well as senses that do not imply an Agent (this can be due to a Situation). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'displease' in WordNet: 1. displease - (give displeasure to)`
Super-classes	UnpleasantThing^c UndesirableEvent^c CausingaMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value Displeasure^c alwaysCauses^op value Displeasure^c
Sub-classes	Noise^c DissatisfyingEvent^c AntisocialAction^c SpoilingSomething^c Disgruntling^c

UnpleasantPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnpleasantPerson`
Description	Any Person who behaves in a disagreeable manner- a ''Role'' that may not be a permanent trait. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unpleasant person' in WordNet: 1. unpleasant person, disagreeable person - (a person who is not pleasant or agreeable)`
Super-classes	Role^c Person^c UnpleasantThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c
Sub-classes	Crybaby^c Oppressor^c Fidget^c SmartAleck^c

UnpleasantSensation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnpleasantSensation`
Description	A 'UnpleasantSensation' is a Sensation that causes Displeasure. This can be a sense sensation, such as smelling an unpleasant odor, or hearing cacophonous noise, or tasting , or a BodySensation such as an PainOrAche. This is for BodySensations; psychological discomfort is represented by 'Distress'. `NOTE that COSMO distinguishes between the Feeling of Displeasure, which is mostly mental, and the Sensation of a 'UnpleasantSensation', which arises from the body and affects the feelings. There does not appear to be a directly analogous synset in WordNet.`
Super-classes	UnpleasantThing^c BodySensation^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Displeasure^c
Sub-classes	Itch^c PainOrAche^c

UnpleasantThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnpleasantThing`
Description	A UnpleasantThing is an Event, Process, Substance, or Object that will typically cause a feeling of 'Displeasure' to a person who experences it (an Event) or who encounters it (an object). This is a very broad category, necessarily vague because many things can give pleasure in many ways and in many degrees, yet it is useful to be able to predict whether a person can be expected to be displeased by something. To be more precise in such prediction will require a great deal of information about the circumstances and inclinations of individual people. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 2. (4) joy, delight, pleasure - (something or someone that provides pleasure; a source of happiness; 'a joy to behold'; 'the pleasure of his company'; 'the new car is a delight')`
Super-classes	BadThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Displeasure^c
Sub-classes	Slop^c Raininess^c UnpleasantSensation^c UnpleasantEvent^c UpsettingEvent^c AilmentCondition^c UnpleasantPerson^c

Unplugged^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unplugged`
Description	'Unplugged' is the state of an 'ElectricalDevice' that has been disconnected from a source of line power, and, unless it has an internal battery backup. may not be turned on.
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c DeviceState^c

Unplugging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unplugging`
Description	''Unplugging'' is a ''Disconnecting'' where some 'plug' had been inserted into a compatible connecting receptacle, and that plug is removed from the receptacle. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unplug' in Wordnet: 1. unplug, disconnect - (pull the plug of (electrical appliances) and render inoperable; 'unplug the hair dryer after using it')`
Super-classes	Disconnecting^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Connecting^c

Unpopular^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpopular

Description

This sense of 'Unpopular' characterizes a Person or Activity that is not just 'not popular' but actually disliked (among some GroupOfPeople) to some degree that is not as intense as 'hated'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpopular' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) unpopular - (regarded with disfavor or lacking general approval;
              'unpopular ideas'; 'an unpopular war')

Super-classes SocialStatusAttribute^c

Unpopulated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpopulated`
Description	''Unpopulated'' is the opposite of ''Populated'' - for a geographical area having no people with permanent living quarters residing. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpopulated' in Wordnet: 1. unpeopled, unpopulated - (with no people living there; 'vast unpopulated plains')`
Super-classes	Uninhabited^c
Sub-classes	Unsettled^c

Unpowered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpowered`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpowered' in Wordnet: 1. unpowered - (not having or using power; 'an autogiro is supported in flight by unpowered rotating wings')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unprecedented^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unprecedented

Description

'Unprecedented' is a property of any Event of a type that has never been previously observed; this may be qulified by specifying a context in which the Event is ''Unprecedented''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unprecedented' in WordNet:
           1. (5) unprecedented - (having no precedent; novel;
            'an unprecedented expansion in population and industry')

Super-classes UniqueInaContext^c
Novel-New^c

Unpredictable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpredictable`
Description	An attribute of Events that cannot be predicted, given the information available to a particular agent; this notion of 'predictability' needs to be referenced to some particular agent, but by default the agent may be considered to be a typical adult person. This attribute does not imply that something will always be unpredictable - additional information can make things predictable. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unoredictable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unpredictable - (not capable of being foretold) 2. unpredictable - (unknown in advance; 'an unpredictable (or indeterminable) future')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Irregular^c Temperamental^c Erratic^c

Unprepared^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unprepared`
Description	''Unprepared'' is an AttributeValue of a Agent that is not ''Prepared'' or a Place that has not been ''Prepared'' for some Action or purpose. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unprepared' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unprepared - (without preparation; not prepared for; 'unprepared remarks'; 'the shock was unprepared'; 'our treaty makers approached their immensely difficult problems unprepared'- R.E.Danielson)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Impromptu^c

Unproductive^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unproductive

Description

'Unproductive' is an attribute of people who do not perform as much work as is expected for a typical worker who is supposed to perform that task. This is not the same as 'unskilled', in that an 'Unproductive' worker may be able to perform a task, but due to lack of effort or other cause does not produce as much as expected.

     **related concepts**
       For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for
         a purpose but do not serve that purpose use 'Ineffective'
       For completed efforts and actions  that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual'
             (synonym of 'futile').
       For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent').
       For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' -
             this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well
             or as often as exopected,perhaps do to lack of effort.
       For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due
             to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'.

      No sense of 'unproductive' in WordNet seems to match this, 
          but WN 'productive' sense 1 includes
          the opposite, so we use WN sense 1 as the Wn eqjuivalent, though only part of the
          meaning corresponds to this concept:
       in WordNet:
          1. unproductive - (not producing or capable of producing; 
            'elimination of high-cost or unproductive industries')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unprofessional^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unprofessional

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unprofessional' in Wordnet:
       1. unprofessional - (not characteristic of or befitting a profession 
         or one engaged in a profession; 'described in unprofessional language 
         so that high school students could understand it'; 'was censured 
         for unprofessional conduct'; 'unprofessional repairs')

Super-classes Improper^c

Unprotected^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unprotected`
Description	An AttributeValue of objects that are not protected from the effect of external elements, especially from the atmosphere or things in the atmosphere; but including exposure to military attack. This attribute implies that a common or normal state for such objects is to be protected. `Corresponds to adjective senses 1 of 'unprotected' and 3 and 8 of 'open' and sense 1 of 'exposed' in WordNet: WN adj 'unprotected': 1. (1) unprotected - (lacking protection or defense) WN adj 'open': 3. (13) exposed, open - (with no protection or shield; 'the exposed northeast frontier'; 'open to the weather'; 'an open wound') 8. (2) assailable, undefendable, undefended, open - (not defended or capable of being defended; 'an open city'; 'open to attack')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unarmored^c

Unproven^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unproven

Description

''Unproven'' is the attribute of an Assertion that has not been 'Proven'' (whose truth value is still unknown or uncertain).

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unproven' in Wordnet:
           1. unproved, unproven - (not proved; 'unproved allegations'; 
               'unproved assumptions')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Unpublished^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unpublished`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpublished' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unpublished - (not published; 'unpublished letters and diaries')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unqualified^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unqualified`
Description	This is also 'disqualified'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unqualified' in Wordnet: 2. unqualified - (not meeting the proper standards and requirements and training)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Categorical^c Disqualified^c

Unqualified-Unlimited^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unqualified-Unlimited

Description

''Unqualified'' is an AttributeValue characterizing assertions that are intended to represent literal fact without exceptions. 'unqualified agreement'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unqualified' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) unqualified - (not limited or restricted; 'an unqualified denial')

Super-classes Unlimited^c

Unraveling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unraveling`
Description	An ''Unraveling'' is an Event in which tangled, knotted,or woven object has some of the threads separated so as to undo some of the effect of the process that created the entangled Object. `For unwinding something from a spool or ball (of yarn), use ''UnwindingaSpool'' Includes verb sense 1 of 'unravel' and sense 4 of 'disentangle' in WordNet: 1. (1) unravel, unknot, unscramble, untangle, unpick - (become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of; 'unravel the thread') WN verb 'disentangle': 4. unwind, disentangle - (separate the tangles of)`
Super-classes	SeparationEvent^c UndoingAction^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op some (FabricObject^c or Knot^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or Weaving^c or Knitting^c or Knotting^c or EventType^c) hadObjectMoved^op value CordlikeObject^c hadThingAffected^op some (FabricObject^c or Knot^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or Weaving^c or Knitting^c or Knotting^c or EventType^c)

Unrealistic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrealistic`
Description	''Unrealistic'' is an attribute of proposals for accomplishing some task or expectations that some task can be accomplished but are very unlikely to work as intended. `Can people be 'unrealistic'? Is there an 'unrealist'? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unrealistic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unrealistic - (not realistic; 'unrealistic expectations'; 'prices at unrealistic high levels')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Utopian^c Surreal^c Digestive^c

Unrealistically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrealistically

Description

''Unrealistically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action or an attribute and specifies that the thing modified or discussed is unlikely to exist or occur in the RealWorld.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unrealistically' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) unrealistically - (in an unrealistic manner; 'his expectations were unrealistically high')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Unreasonable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unreasonable`
Description	'Unreasonable' is an AttributeValue modifying actions or policies, and is not applied to people. Use of Unreasonable indicates that the action, plan, or policy decision is of a type that a 'Reasonable' person would not make; such an action would showing poor judgment in that it would either not achieve the desired goal, be detrimental to the agent performing the action, or be excessively detrimental to other people's goals. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unreasonable' in WordNet: 1. unreasonable - - (not reasonable; not showing good judgment)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Silly^c Irrational^c Foolish^c Senseless^c HalfBaked^c Ridiculous^c

Unregulated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unregulated

Description

''Unregulated'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unregulated' in Wordnet:
           1. unregulated - (not regulated; not subject to rule or discipline; 'unregulated off-shore fishing')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Unrelated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrelated`
Description	''Unrelated'' is AttributeValue of some entity (usually facts) that are not related in any significant way to other entities, often to some issue at hand or under discussion. 'unrelated to the current problem'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unrelated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unrelated - (lacking a logical or causal relation)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Irrelevant^c

Unreliable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unreliable`
Description	'Unreliable'' is an Attribute of something (a person, an animal, a machine, a report, the weather or other force of nature) that can not be expected to be or do what is expected or promised, or to achieve the effect desired by or promised to another person. `Includes adjective senses 1, 2 and 4 of 'unreliable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) undependable, unreliable - (liable to be erroneous or misleading; 'an undependable generalization') 2. unreliable, undependable - (not worthy of reliance or trust; 'in the early 1950s computers were large and expensive and unreliable'; 'an undependable assistant') 4. unreliable - (lacking a sense of responsibility)`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Faithless^c Roguish^c

Unresolved^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unresolved

Description

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unresolved' in Wordnet:
          1. unsolved, unresolved - (not solved; 'many crimes remain unsolved'; 
              'many problems remain unresolved')
          2. open, undecided, undetermined, unresolved - (not brought to a conclusion; 
              subject to further thought; 'an open question'; 
              'our position on this bill is still undecided'; 'our lawsuit is still undetermined')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Unrest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrest`
Description	''Unrest'' is a seres of Events during a period when major social changes are occurring, causing groups to oppose each other vigorously for any of various reasons. (technical innovation, political change). This can include protest demonstrations, labeled ''ProtestingaPolicy''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unrest' in WordNet: 1. (1) agitation, ferment, fermentation, tempestuousness, unrest - (a state of agitation or turbulent change or development; 'the political ferment produced new leadership'; 'social unrest')`
Super-classes	Disorder^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ProtestingaPolicy^c
Sub-classes	Upheaval^c

Unrestrained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrestrained`
Description	A property of human Actions, especially those involving more than one person, indicating that commonly observed social conventions and inhibitions are being ignored during that Action. 'The crowd went wild' 'A mad dash to the exits'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wild' and part of senses 1 and 2 of 'unrestrained' in WordNet: 1. (29) wild - (marked by extreme lack of restraint or control; 'wild talk'; 'wild parties') WN adj 'unrestrained': 1. unrestrained - (not subject to restraint; 'unrestrained laughter') 2. delirious, excited, frantic, mad, unrestrained - (marked by uncontrolled excitement or emotion; 'a crowd of delirious baseball fans'; 'something frantic in their gaiety'; 'a mad whirl of pleasure')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Rampant^c

Unrestraint^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrestraint`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unrestraint' in WordNet: 1. unrestraint - (the quality of lacking restraint)`
Super-classes	Indiscipline^c
Sub-classes	Intemperance^c

Unrestricted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrestricted

Description

'Constrained'is a very broad Attribute meaning the

    Corresponds to adjective senses  1 and 2 (difference?) of 'unrestricted' in Wordnet:
      1. (1) unrestricted - (not subject to or subjected to restriction)
      2. (1) unrestricted - (free of restrictions on conduct; 'I had unrestricted access')

Super-classes Limited^c
PastParticiple^c

Unreturnable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unreturnable`
Description	''Unreturnable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for purchased Objects (''Purchase''s) that can not be returned to the ''vendor'' from whom it was purchased.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unrewarding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrewarding`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unrewarding' in Wordnet: 1. unrewarding - (not rewarding; not providing personal satisfaction)`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c

Unrighteousness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unrighteousness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unrighteousness' in WordNet: 1. unrighteousness - (failure to adhere to moral principles; "forgave us our sins and cleansed us of all unrighteousness")`
Super-classes	Immorality^c
Sub-classes	Injustice^c

Unripe^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unripe

Description

Unripe is a QualitativeAttributeValue of fruit that has not yet ripened.

    Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'unripe' in WordNet;
      this is for fruit only, and not for wines:   in WordNet:
         1. green, unripe, unripened, immature - - (not fully developed or mature;
            not ripe; 'unripe fruit'; 'fried green tomatoes'; 'green wood')

Super-classes Immature^c

Unruly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unruly`
Description	''Unruly'' is the sense of ''Unmanageable''specific for people, including as subtypes ''Disobedient' for children and ''Boisterous'' for crowds and mobs. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unruly' in Wordnet: 3. indocile, uncontrollable, ungovernable, unruly - (of persons; 'the little boy's parents think he is spirited, but his teacher finds him unruly') WN adj (part) 'uncorrectable' 4. uncontrollable, uncorrectable, unmanageable - (incapable of being controlled or managed; 'uncontrollable children'; 'an uncorrectable habit') WN adj 'difficult' sense 3 (part): 3. unmanageable, difficult - (difficult to manage or control; 'a difficult child', 'an unmanageable situation')
Super-classes	Unmanageable^c
Sub-classes	Disobedient^c Boisterous^c

Unsafe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsafe`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsafe' in Wordnet: 1. insecure, unsafe - (lacking in security or safety; 'his fortune was increasingly insecure'; 'an insecure future')`
Super-classes	RiskFree^c
Sub-classes	FinanciallyInsecure^c Risky^c

Unsalted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsalted

Description

''Unsalted'' is the attribute of a ''FoodObject'' that has not been seasoned with ''TableSalt''.

        Corresponds to *part* (specifically for salt) of adjective sense 1 of 'unsalted' in Wordnet:
          1. unsalted, unseasoned - (without salt or seasoning)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unsatisfactory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsatisfactory`
Description	'Unsatisfactory' is the AttributeValue of things (Objects, Situations) that cause the feeling of Dissatisfaction. `For an 'unsatisfactory' performance in a task (as in school), use ''Poor-Performing'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsatisfactory' in WordNet: 1. (6) unsatisfactory -- (not giving satisfaction; 'shops should take back unsatisfactory goods'; 'her performance proved to be unsatisfactory'; 'life is becoming increasingly unsatifactory'; 'our discussion was very unsatisfactory')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Meager^c Skimpy^c

UnscrewingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnscrewingSomething`
Description	'UnscrewingSomething' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') screws something off (as a cap) or out of as a wood screw) another PhysicalObject. `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'unscrew' in WordNet: 1. (2) unscrew - (loosen something by unscrewing it; 'unscrew the outlet plate') 2. (1) unscrew - (loosen by turning; 'unscrew the bottle cap')`
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c Loosening^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value ScrewingSomething^c usedDevice^op value ThreadedDevice^c
Sub-classes	UnscrewingaScrew^c OpeningaScrewCapContainer^c

UnscrewingaScrew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnscrewingaScrew`
Description	'UnscrewingaScrew' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') unscrews a 'Screw-Connector' (tapered or cyclindrical) out of the object into which it had been screwed. `Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'unscrew' in WordNet, but a specific sense for unscrewing screws does not appear : in WordNet: 2. (1) unscrew - (loosen by turning; 'unscrew the bottle cap')`
Super-classes	UnscrewingSomething^c OpeningAContainerArtifact^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op value Screwdriver^c hadThingAffected^op value Screw-Connector^c usedDevice^op value Screw-Connector^c

Unseasoned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unseasoned

Description

''Unseasoned'' is the attribute of a ''FoodObject'' that has not been seasoned with some form of ''Seasoning''. For something not ''Salted'' use ''Unsalted''.

        Corresponds to  adjective sense 1 of 'unseasoned' in Wordnet:
          1. unsalted, unseasoned - (without salt or seasoning)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unseen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unseen`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unseen' in Wordnet: 2. (2) unobserved, unseen - (not observed) WN adj 'unobserved': 2. unobserved - (not observed; 'managed to slip away unobserved')`
Super-classes	Light-NotDark^c Undetected^c

Unselfconscious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unselfconscious`
Description	To be ''Unselfconscious'' is to perform Actions in the presence of other people without attempting to understand how they might interpret and respond to those actions. affected, unnatural Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unselfconscious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unselfconscious - (not self-conscious; 'she grew up with him in unselfconscious friendship')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unsettled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsettled

Description

''Settled'' is an attribute of geographical areas that do not have people who have moved there from another Place to establish permanent

        Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'unsettled' in Wordnet:
          4. unsettled - (not yet settled; "unsettled territory")

Super-classes Unpopulated^c

UnsettlingaPerson^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnsettlingaPerson

Description

''UnsettlingaPerson'' is an 'UpsettingEvent' in which one or more People become upset, mildly or moderately.

       Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unsettle' in WordNet:
         1. faze, unnerve, enervate, unsettle - (disturb the composure of)

Super-classes Action^c
UpsettingaPerson^c

Unshaded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unshaded`
Description	''Unshaded'' is an attribute of objects and places that are directly exposed to the sun's rays when the sun is shining (daytime) and the sky is not cloudy. When the sun is shining, those Objects and places are radiating visible light at an intensity that is makes them easily visible. The attribute of being actually lighted by the sun is the subattribute ''Sunlit''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unshaded' in Wordnet: 2. unshaded - (not darkened or dimmed by shade; 'an unshaded meadow'; 'a bright and unshaded lane')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Sunlit^c

Unshaven^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unshaven`
Description	''Unshaven'' is the opposite of''Shaved'', characterizing skin that might normally be ''Shaved' but is not, therefore it is presumably ''Hairy''. `CYC 'Unshaved': An attribute for describing the level of hair on a body part: in this case, the body part has not been shaved and has some hair. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unshaven' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unshaven, unshaved - (not shaved)`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Hairy^c

Unskilled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unskilled

Description

'Unskilled' is an attribute of people that asserts that one cannot perform a particular learned activity as well as one who is 'Skillful' at that task. Skillful- Unskilled is a continuum of abilities, and these attributes usually refer to the top and bottom third of skillfulness. The middle ground would be for 'learners' or 'apprentices'.

    A 'skilled' worker wouild relate to her/his task with the relation 'isVeryKnowledgeableAbout'.

    NOTE: being 'Unskilled' requires that the activity at which one is 
     not skilled be specified: @ToDo - needs FOL rule.
    NOTE 2: 'bungling, funbling, clumsy' ight be a subattribute for a type of
       'inexpert' that is so bad it produces terible results.

    **related concepts**
      For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for
      a purpose but do not serve that purpose use 'Ineffective'
      For completed efforts and actions  that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual'
         (synonym of 'futile').
      For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent').
      For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' -
        this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well
        or as often as exopected,perhaps do to lack of effort.
      For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due
        to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'.

      Corresponds to adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'unskilled', sense 2 of
        'inept' and senses 2,3, and 4 of 'incompetent' and sense 2 of 'feckless'
        and sense 2 of 'hopeless' in WordNet:
        WN 'unskilled':
         1. unskilled - (not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency; 
           'unskilled in the art of rhetoric'; 'an enthusiastic but unskillful mountain climber'; 
            'unskilled labor'; 'workers in unskilled occupations are finding fewer and fewer job opportunities'; 
            'unskilled workmanship')
         2. amateurish, amateur, inexpert, unskilled - (lacking professional skill or expertise;
           'a very amateurish job'; 'inexpert but conscientious efforts'; 'an unskilled painting')
         3. incompetent, unskilled - (not doing a good job; 'incompetent at chess')
         WN 'inept':
           2. (1) feckless, inept - - (generally incompetent and ineffectual;
           'feckless attempts to repair the plumbing'; 'inept handling of the account')
         WN 'incompetent':
           2. bungling, clumsy, fumbling, incompetent - - (showing lack of skill
             or aptitude; 'a bungling workman'; 'did a clumsy job';
             'his fumbling attempt to put up a shelf')
       3. incompetent, unskilled - - (not doing a good job; 'incompetent at chess')
         WN adj 'hopeless':
           2. hopeless - (of a person unable to do something skillfully;
                I'm hopeless at mathematics)

Super-classes Unable^c

UnskilledOccupation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnskilledOccupation`
Description	The SUMO term for 'UnSkilledWorker'.
Super-classes	Synonym^c

UnskilledPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnskilledPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unskilled person' in WordNet: 1. unskilled person - (a person who lacks technical training)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value Skill^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unskilled^c
Sub-classes	Ignoramus^c IncompetentPerson^c

UnskilledWorker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnskilledWorker`
Description	A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$UnskilledWorker is a person who holds a job that requires little skill or training. Although such jobs are too various in kind for this collection to constitute an instance of OccupationType (q.v.) in its own right, certain specializations of #$UnskilledWorker are occupation-types. `In SUMO called 'UnskilledOccupation' and designated a subtype of ManualLaborer. Not all unskilled work is 'manual', so ''ManualLaborer'' is a separate though not disjoint concept. Much manual work is included in the 'unskilled' category. . SUMO: Any Position which does not require learning a set of skills. Approximately the same as 'manual laborer' but`
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c
Sub-classes	FarmWorker^c Herder^c DomesticHelp^c Janitor^c

Unspecified^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unspecified

Description

An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations - mentioned in some communication - that have not been specified and therefore cannot be identified.

      This differs from 'Unidentified', the attribute used to signal the
        reasoner that the value is unknown and must not be equated with any
        other individual.  The identity or value of the thing may be known, and identified
        for a speaker, but not specified in the communication act.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unspecified' in WordNet:
       1. unspecified - (not stated explicitly or in detail; 'threatened unspecified reprisals')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UnspecifiedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnspecifiedObject`
Description	An 'UnspecifiedObject' is a 'PhysicalObject' that is not further specified..
Super-classes	UnspecifiedThing^c PhysicalObject^c

UnspecifiedThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnspecifiedThing`
Description	A thing of any type - people, events, objects or situations - that has been mentioned in some discourse, but not specified sufficiently to be identified by the audience. `'je ne sais quoi' is included here, though it has a slightly different meaning - as something indescribable, not merely unknown (perhaps a subtype?) This is added primarily to represent the sense 9 of 'thing' in WordNet, at location 2.3 in the Wordnet hierarchy, but also includes 'je ne sais quoi': 9. (67) thing - (an entity that is not named specifically; 'I couldn't tell what the thing was')`
Super-classes	Individual^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unspecified^c
Sub-classes	UnspecifiedObject^c Something^c

Unspoken^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unspoken

Description

''Unspoken'' is the attribute of thoghts or ideas or feelings that were not mentoned in a ''Speaking'' action.

      Includes adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'unspoken' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) mute, tongueless, unspoken, wordless - (expressed without speech; especially 
            because words would be inappropriate or inadequate; 'a mute appeal'; 'a silent curse'; 
            'best grief is tongueless'- Emily Dickinson; 'the words stopped at her lips unsounded'; 
            'unspoken grief'; 'choking exasperation and wordless shame'- Thomas Wolfe)
        2. unexpressed, unsaid, unstated, unuttered, unverbalized, unverbalised, unvoiced, unspoken -
            (not made explicit; 'the unexpressed terms of the agreement'; 'things left unsaid'; 
            'some kind of unspoken agreement'; 'his action is clear but his reason remains unstated')

Super-classes Oral^c

Unstable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unstable`
Description	''Unstable'' is the Tendency of some Thing - an object or substance or attribute or Situation - to change within some period of time that is significant for the agent so describing the Thing as 'unstable'. This could be an internal property, such as chemical instability (explosives, perishable foods), or physical instability (delicate balance easily upset by a small perturbation) or a quantitative attribute (electrical voltage) or a social situation (a delicate balance of opposing forces among agents). The psychological 'unstable' needs its own entry: 5. unstable - (disposed to psychological variability; 'his rather unstable religious convictions') This is very broad general meaning, and includes several senses of 'unstable' as well as sense 2 of 'unsteady' in WN, but not the psychological senses 4 and 5: in WordNet: 1. (5) unstable - (lacking stability or fixity or firmness; 'unstable political conditions'; 'the tower proved to be unstable in the high wind'; 'an unstable world economy') 2. (1) unstable - (highly or violently reactive; 'sensitive and highly unstable compounds') 3. (1) precarious, unstable - (affording no ease or reassurance; 'a precarious truce') 6. fluid, unstable - (subject to change; variable; 'a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty'; 'everything was unstable following the coup')
Super-classes	Tendency^c
Sub-classes	Permissible^c ChemicallyReactive^c Reactive^c Perishable^c PhysicallyInsecure^c

Unsteady^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsteady

Description

''Unsteady'' is the attribute of ''PhysicalObject''s that are intended to remain on the ground or floating in the water in a vertical orientation but have some property that makes it more likely than is desirable to topple or tilt or capsize. Being top-heavy (as a ship) or not placed on firm ground (for a ladder) are examples of situations that can predispose to this attribute.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsteady' in Wordnet:
         2. unfirm, unsteady - (not firmly or solidly positioned; 'climbing carefully up the
             unsteady ladder'; 'an unfirm stance')

Super-classes PhysicallyInsecure^c

Unstringing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unstringing`
Description	''Unstringing'' is ''RemovingPhysically'' a ''String'' of some kind. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unstring' in WordNet: 1. unstring - (remove the strings from; 'unstring my guitar')`
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op value PieceOfString^c

Unsuccessful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsuccessful`
Description	'Unsuccessful' is an AttributeValue of a Person whofailed to achieve an attempted Goal, or of the failed attempt. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unsuccessful' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unsuccessful - (not successful; having failed or having an unfavorable outcome) 2. (2) abortive, stillborn, unsuccessful - (failing to accomplish an intended result; 'an abortive revolt'; 'a stillborn plot to assassinate the President')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Frustrated^c

UnsuccessfulPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnsuccessfulPerson`
Description	An ''UnsuccessfulPerson'' is a ''UnfortunatePerson'' who has experienced the failure of an important goal. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'failure' in WordNet: 4. (3) failure, loser, nonstarter, unsuccessful person - (a person with a record of failing; someone who loses consistently)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Failure^c

Unsuccessfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsuccessfully

Description

''Unsuccessfully'' is an adverb specifying that the 'attempting' Action modified did not accomplish its objective, and asserts that the attempt did accomplish the intended result.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unsuccessfully' in Wordnet:
         1. unsuccessfully - (without success; 'she tried unsuccessfully to persuade him to buy a new car')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Unsuitable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsuitable`
Description	Bad in failing to meet some criterion of utility or efficacy, or (see subtype ''Improper'') in failing to meet some accepted standard of behavior or propriety in social interactions (of actions). The words used are similar but the conceptually distinguishable senses are separated here and at .''Improper''. This type is for things that do not adequately serve purpose, without moral implications. Correspond to prt of adjective sense 3 of'improper' in WordNet: 3. unsuitable, improper, wrong - (not appropriate for a purpose or occasion; 'unsuitable attire for the office'; 'said all the wrong things') WN adj 'inappropriate': 1. (2) inappropriate - (not suitable for a particular occasion etc; 'noise seems inappropriate at a time of sadness'; 'inappropriate shoes for a walk on the beach'; 'put inappropriate pressure on them')
Super-classes	Bad^c
Sub-classes	Improper^c

Unsure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsure`
Description	''Unsure'' is an attribute of a Person who is thinking about a 'StateOfUncertainty' (= a PersistentState,not the Feeling) about the truth of an Asertion. NOTE that ''Uncertain'' is the label for the attribute of a Situation whose outcome or result is not known with confidence - by some agent. `@ToDo: Uncertainty - state and Feeling mixed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncertain' in WordNet: 1. (6) uncertain, unsure, incertain - (lacking or indicating lack of confidence or assurance; 'uncertain of his convictions'; 'unsure of himself and his future'; 'moving with uncertain (or unsure) steps'; 'an uncertain smile'; 'touched the ornaments with uncertain fingers')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Undecided^c Skeptical^c

Unsuspecting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsuspecting

Description

''Unsuspecting''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsuspecting' in Wordnet:
          1. unsuspecting, unsuspicious - (not suspicious; 'deceiving the unsuspecting public')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unsympathetic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unsympathetic`
Description	The attribute of someone who does not experience 'Sympathy' for another Person. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsympathetic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unsympathetic - (not sympathetic or disposed toward; 'unsympathetic officialdom'; 'people unsympathetic to the revolution'; 'his dignity made him seem aloof and unsympathetic') WN adj 'indifferent': 2. (3) indifferent - (showing no care or concern in attitude or action; 'indifferent to the sufferings of others'; 'indifferent to her plea')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Unloving^c SelfCentered^c Callous^c

Untasted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untasted`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untasted' in Wordnet: 1. untouched, untasted - (still full; "an untouched cocktail in her hand")`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unthinkable^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unthinkable

Description

The seemingly related 'inconceivable' is included in ''Impossible'', which is not a QualitativeAttributeValue, but a ''VerbalProbability''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unthinkable' in Wordnet:
        1. unthinkable - (incapable of being conceived or considered)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Untidy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untidy`
Description	An AttributeValue of things (objects, locations, documents) that are not tidy (orderly, neat), especially of things that can be or have been ''Tidy''. `Corresponds to part of adective sense 1 of 'untidy' in WordNet, not spplying to 'habits'or actions,but of objects.: 1. untidy - (not neat and tidy; 'careless and untidy in her personal habits'; 'an untidy living room'; 'untidy and casual about money') WN adj 'messy': 1. (1) messy, mussy - (dirty and disorderly; 'a mussy fussy bedroom'; 'a child's messy eating habits') WN adj 'sloppy': 1. (2) sloppy - (lacking neatness or order; 'a sloppy room'; 'sloppy habits')`
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Littered^c Alarmed^c

Untold^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untold`
Description	''Countless'' is a QuantitativeAttributeValue that is also a ''VerbalQuantifier'', expressing a large but indefinite and unknown quantity. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untold' in Wordnet: 1. untold - (of an incalculable amount; 'untold suffering')`
Super-classes	LotsOf^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c VerbalQuantifier^c
Sub-classes	Countless^c

Untouched^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untouched`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'untouched' in Wordnet: 3. untouched -- (not having come in contact)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Untrained^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untrained`
Description	''Untrained'' is the attribute of an Animal human or non-human, that has undergone a ''Training'' of any kind, for basic knowledge or skills.. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untrained' in Wordnet: 1. untrained - (not disciplined or conditioned or made adept by training; 'an untrained voice'; 'untrained troops'; 'young minds untrained in the habit of concentration')`
Super-classes	AnimalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	UnbrokenIn^c

Untreated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untreated`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untreated' in Wordnet: 1. untreated - (not given medical care or treatment; 'an untreated disease'; 'the untreated wounded lay on makeshift cots')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Untroubled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untroubled`
Description	''Untroubled'' is the attribute of someone not experiencing ''Concern''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'untroubled' and includes WN 'at ease' but is broader than that in WordNet: 1. untroubled - (not beset by troubles or disturbance or distress; 'seemed untroubled by doubts of any kind'; 'untroubled sleep'; 'a kind untroubled face') 2. secure, unafraid, untroubled - (free from fear or doubt; easy in mind; 'secure himself, he went out of his way to help others') WN adjective 'at ease': 1. at ease - (socially at ease; 'was at ease with strangers')`
Super-classes	Comfortable^c
Sub-classes	Carefree^c

Untrustworthy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untrustworthy`
Description	An attribute of a Person who, for any reason, cannot be trusted to do something (of some kind). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untrustworthy' in Wordnet: 1. untrustworthy, untrusty - (not worthy of trust or belief; 'an untrustworthy person')`
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Compromised^c

Untruthful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untruthful`
Description	''Untruthful'' is a subtype of ''Dishonest'' characterizing intentionally untrue assertions and the people who intentionally make such assertions. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untruthful' in Wordnet: 1. untruthful - (not expressing or given to expressing the truth; 'the statement given under oath was untruthful'; 'an untruthful person')`
Super-classes	Dishonest^c
Sub-classes	Hypocritical^c

Untruthfulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untruthfulness`
Description	''Untruthfulness'' is a ''Quality'' and a BehavioralDisposition that disposes a Person to make intentionally untrue assertions. This may be temporary and is therefore not always a ''Trait''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'untruthfulness' in WordNet: 1. untruthfulness - (the quality of being untruthful)`
Super-classes	FlawedQuality^c Imperfection^c
Restrictions	disposesToAction^op value Evasiveness^c disposesToAction^op value Deceiving^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Untruthful^c

Untying^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Untying`
Description	An Action in which some Agent reverses a prior 'TyingTogether'. or ''TyingInaBow'' or ''TyingUp'' or some other 'tying' action `Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'untie' in WordNet: 1. (3) untie, unbrace, unlace - (undo the ties of; 'They untied the prisoner') 2. untie, undo, loosen - (cause to become loose; 'undo the shoelace'; 'untie the knot'; 'loosen the necktie')`
Super-classes	UndoingAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some CordlikeObject^c reversesTheEffectOf^op some (TyingTogether^c or TyingInaBow^c or TyingUp^c or EventType^c)

Unuseable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unuseable`
Description	''Unuseable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for Things (Objects, Methods) that are not useful in some specific situation of for some specific purpose. `For things that are not useful for any purpose, use subtype ''Useless'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unuseable' in Wordnet: 1. unserviceable, unusable, unuseable - (not capable of being used)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Invalid^c Useless^c

UnuseableClothingItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnuseableClothingItem`
Description	An ''UnuseableClothingItem'' is a ''ClothingItem'' that is ''Unuseable'' for some specific reason, but not necessarily for every purpose.
Super-classes	ClothingItem^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unuseable^c

Unused^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unused`
Description	For recently manufactured and unused, use subattribute ''BrandNew''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unused' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fresh, unused - (not yet used or soiled; 'a fresh shirt'; 'a fresh sheet of paper'; 'an unused envelope')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	BrandNew^c

Unusual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unusual`
Description	'Unusual' the property that of something that is outside the usual range (of properties, property values, etc) for a thing of that type. See also the subtypes 'Strange', 'Abnormal', and 'Extraordinary'. This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising) Astounding Includes all 3 senses of 'unusual' and both senses of 'atypical' and both senses of 'uncommon' and sense 4 of 'rare' in WordNet: WN 'unusual' 1. (24) unusual - (not usual or common or ordinary; 'a scene of unusual beauty'; 'a man of unusual ability'; 'cruel and unusual punishment'; 'an unusual meteorite') 2. (1) strange, unusual - (being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird; 'a strange exaltation that was indefinable'; 'a strange fantastical mind'; 'what a strange sense of humor she has') 3. (1) unusual - (not commonly encountered; 'two-career families are no longer unusual') WN 'atypical' 1. (1) atypical, untypical - (not representative of a group, class, or type; 'a group that is atypical of the target audience'; 'a class of atypical mosses'; 'atypical behavior is not the accepted type of response that we expect from children') 2. atypical, irregular - (deviating from normal expectations; somewhat odd, strange, or abnormal; 'these days large families are atypical'; 'atypical clinical findings'; 'atypical pneumonia'; 'highly irregular behavior') WN 'uncommon' 1. (4) uncommon - (not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind; 'uncommon birds'; 'frost and floods are uncommon during these months'; 'doing an uncommon amount of business'; 'an uncommon liking for money'; 'he owed his greatest debt to his mother's uncommon character and ability') 2. rare, uncommon - (marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; 'what is so rare as a day in June'-J.R.Lowell; 'a rare skill'; 'an uncommon sense of humor'; 'she was kind to an uncommon degree') WN 'rare' 2. (2) rare - (recurring only at long intervals; 'a rare appearance'; 'total eclipses are rare events') 3. (2) rare - (not widely distributed; 'rare herbs'; 'rare patches of green in the desert') 4. (1) rare, uncommon - (marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; 'what is so rare as a day in June'-J.R.Lowell; 'a rare skill'; 'an uncommon sense of humor'; 'she was kind to an uncommon degree')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	HighlyUnusual^c Infrequent^c NonStandard^c Alienish^c Surreal^c Flamboyant^c Peverted^c Scarce^c HardToFind^c Strange^c Premature^c OldTime^c Unorthodox^c Occasional^c Unconventional^c Formidable-Powerful^c Abnormal^c Memorable^c Surrealistic^c

UnusualThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnusualThing`
Description	A 'UnusualThing' is an Event or Object that is not Common; there are degrees of 'Unusual', as can be seen from the subtypes of 'Unusual'.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unusual^c
Sub-classes	RareEvent^c SleepWalking^c Curio^c

UnusuallyHeavy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnusuallyHeavy

Description

A more intensive subtype of 'VeryLarge' - in amount, not in physial size.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'heavy' in Wordnet:
          2. (10) heavy - (unusually great in degree or quantity or number;
             'heavy taxes'; 'a heavy fine'; 'heavy casualties'; 'heavy losses'; 
             'heavy rain'; 'heavy traffic')

Super-classes Huge^c

Unvarying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unvarying

Description

''Unvarying'' is an AttributeValue of Situations or the attributes of Objects that asserts that that type of Situation or attribute continues without significant change over some interval of time or space.

   Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uniform' in WordNet:
      1. (4) uniform, unvarying - (always the same; showing a 
           single form or character in all occurrences; 'a street
           of uniform tall white buildings')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Unwanted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unwanted`
Description	A broad EvaluativeAttribute of things - events, processes, or objects - relative to the desires and intentions of the person characterizing the thing as 'unwanted' - that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated, if in hand or potentially obtained, is or would be of no net postive value; this is one of the opposites of 'Desirable'. If the thing is of net negative value, it would have the subtype attribute 'Undesirable'. Things that are actually unpleasant are characterized by the subtype 'Unpleasant' in COSMO. `The thing evaluated may be of no net positive value merely because it is not useful enough to be worth occupying space. Thus 'Trash' is a collection of 'Unwanted' things, which nevertheless may have positive value to a recycling agent. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 'unwanted' in WordNet: 1. (2) unwanted - - (not wanted; not needed; 'tried to give away unwanted kittens') 2. unwanted - - (interfering; 'unwanted shadows distort the picture'; 'removed the unwanted vegetation')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Undesired^c Unwelcome^c Unpleasant^c Undesirable^c

UnwantedThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnwantedThing`
Description	An ''UnwantedThing'' is .anything - object or Event - that is not wanted, for any reason.
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value Dislike^c
Sub-classes	UndesirableSituation^c

Unwelcome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unwelcome

Description

'Welcome' is an AttributeValue of some Event that is experienced with displeasure (to some degree) by an 'IntentionalAgent'. Having this AttributeValue means that the 'IntentionalAgent' prefers for that Event not to happen rather than to happen.

        WN ad 'unwanted' has two senses,neither of which is close enough to this.
          So the 'unwanted' label is attached a 'en', though it is not either of
          the WN senses.  ''Unwanted'' is added as a parent attribute.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unwelcome' in WordNet:
          1. (2) unwelcome - (not welcome; not giving pleasure or received with pleasure;
            'unwelcome publicity'; 'unwelcome interruptions'; 'unwelcome visitors')
          2. unwelcome, unwished, unwished-for - (not welcome; 'unwelcome publicity')

Super-classes Unpleasant^c
Unwanted^c

Unwieldy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unwieldy`
Description	''Unwieldy'' is the sense of ''Unmanageable''specific for ''Device''s and ''DeviceType''s. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unwieldy' in Wordnet: 1. unwieldy, unmanageable - (difficult to use or handle or manage because of size or weight or shape; 'we set about towing the unwieldy structure into the shelter'; 'almost dropped the unwieldy parcel')`
Super-classes	Unmanageable^c
Sub-classes	Cumbersome^c

Unwilling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unwilling

Description

The attribute of someone experiencing 'Unwillingness'. Not just ''Reluctant'' (though possibly convinceable to do something), but definitely refusing to do it. Stronger than ''Reluctant''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unwilling' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) unwilling - (not disposed or inclined toward; 'an unwilling assistant')

Super-classes Reluctant^c

Unwillingness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unwillingness`
Description	''Unwillingness'' is a ''Feeling'' sufficiently deeper than ''Reluctance'' that it causes a Person to refuse to do some proposed Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unwillingness' in WordNet: 1. (3) unwillingness, involuntariness - (the trait of being unwilling; 'his unwillingness to cooperate vetoed every proposal I made'; 'in spite of our warnings he plowed ahead with the involuntariness of an automaton')`
Super-classes	Reluctance^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Unwilling^c

UnwindingaSpool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UnwindingaSpool`
Description	''UnwindingaSpool'' is an Action that reverses some ''WindingSomethingOntoaSpool'' Action. NOTE that the ''SpoolableObject'' isnot necessarily unwound, as it may be unwound fro one spool at the same time as it is wound onto a different spool. NOTE that the object does ot have to be a string, it could be a sheet, such as ''AluminumFoil'' or plastic wrap. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unwind' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unwind, wind off, unroll - (reverse the winding or twisting of; 'unwind a ball of yarn'`
Super-classes	Motion^c UndoingAction^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c reversesTheEffectOf^op value WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c hadObjectModified^op value SpoolableObject^c

Unwise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Unwise`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unwise' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unwise - (showing or resulting from lack of judgment or wisdom; 'an unwise investor is soon impoverished')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Indiscreet^c Imprudent^c Incautious^c

Up-to-date^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Up-to-date`
Description	Something ''Up-to-date'' has been ''Revised'' and includes the most recent ''Revising'' Action. Typically of documents. NOTE: for the most advanced Devices or procedures, use subattribute ''Cutting-edge''. This can be true only at some interval in time, and can change as of the next revision. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'up-to-date' in Wordnet: 1. (3) up-to-date - (reflecting the latest information or changes; 'an up-to-date issue of the magazine') 2. up-to-date, cutting-edge, with-it - (in accord with the most fashionable ideas or style; 'wears only the latest style'; 'the last thing in swimwear'; 'cutting-edge technology'; 'a with-it boutique')
Super-classes	Changed^c
Sub-classes	LatestFashioned^c Cutting-edge^c NewFangled^c

UpHill^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpHill

Description

''UpHill'' is a subattribute of ''Upward' characterizing slopes to Motions that point or move toward the top of a Slope.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uphill' in Wordnet:
       1. acclivitous, rising, uphill - (sloping upward)

Super-classes Upward^c

UpToDateness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpToDateness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'up-to-dateness' in WordNet: 1. currentness, currency, up-to-dateness - (the property of belonging to the present time; 'the currency of a slang term')`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Sub-classes	Modernity^c

Upbeat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upbeat

Description

''Upbeat'' is a subAttribute of ''Optimistic'' characterizing a '''Person'' who is expecting a good outcome in some ''Situation'' or in a specific Action being undertaken, and is sufficiently Optimistic to be ''Cheerful'' from anticipation of the good things to come.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upbeat' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) cheerful, pollyannaish, upbeat - (pleasantly (even unrealistically) optimistic)

Super-classes Optimistic^c
Cheerful^c

Upcoming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upcoming`
Description	'Upcoming'' is an AttributeValue that refers to some Event located in the ''NearFuture''. This is usually used for the next event in a reiterative or periodic series of Events - such as 'the upcoming election' or for a unique event that marks the end of an ongoing process: 'approaching deadline' . `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upcoming' in Wordnet: 1. (1) approaching, coming, forthcoming, upcoming - (of the relatively near future; 'the approaching election'; 'this coming Thursday'; 'the forthcoming holidays'; 'the upcoming spring fashions')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	NextInTime^c

Updated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Updated`
Description	This ''Updated'' is for documents or texts. For methods or devices, use ''Modernized''.
Super-classes	Revised^c PastParticiple^c

Updating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Updating`
Description	''Updating'' is a ''Modification' of something (anything) to make it into a more recent style and/or improve its functionality. This can be for abstract objects such as software or documents (history, texts) as well as structures (see subtypes ''Modernizing'' and ''Remodeling'). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'update' in WordNet: 1. (2) update - (modernize or bring up to date; 'We updated the kitchen in the old house')`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c Modification^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value NewFangled^c produces^op value Variant^c
Sub-classes	DatabaseUpdate^c Modernizing^c Remodeling^c

Upheaval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upheaval`
Description	''Upheaval'' is a seres of Events during a period of ''Unrest'' when major social changes are occurring, for any ofvarious reasons. (technical innovation, political change); this usually includes ''ViolentAction'' of somekind.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upheaval' in WordNet: 1. (2) turbulence, upheaval, Sturm und Drang - (a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally); 'the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence')`
Super-classes	Unrest^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value ViolentAction^c

Uphillish^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uphillish

Description

''Uphillish'' is a subattribute of ''Difficult' characterizing Actions that are difficult in the manner of a moving ''Uphillward'', being difficult at multiple stages. This is linguistically expressed as 'uphill'.

     No WN entry for this sense.
     RHW adj  'uphill':
       4.  laboriously fatiguing or difficult: an uphill struggle to become wealthy.

Super-classes Difficult^c
Arduous^c

Uphillward^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uphillward

Description

'''Uphillward'' is the adverbial form of 'UpHill''.

     Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'uphill' in Wordnet:
       2. uphill - (upward on a hill or incline; 'this street lay uphill')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

UpholdingaCause^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpholdingaCause`
Description	Each ''UpholdingaCause'' is a ''DefendingaProposition'' in which the 'proposition' is arguments for a 'cause' or 'principle' `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'uphold' in WordNet: 2. (5) uphold - (stand up for; stick up for; of causes, principles, or ideals)`
Super-classes	Responding^c DefendingaProposition^c
Restrictions	wasaResponseToEvent^op some Opposing^c refersToExternalEntity^op some (Campaign^c or MoralPrinciple^c or Ideal^c)

Upholstery^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upholstery

Description

This is for the coverings on furniture, whether one piece of furniture or some set.

       NOTE: not yet represented (rev1619) is the springs and webbing that are used on chairs and 
         sofas to make the seaths soft.   @TODO.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upholstery' in WordNet:
         1. upholstery - (covering (padding and springs and webbing and fabric) on a piece of furniture)

Super-classes ClothCovering^c

UpliftingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpliftingEvent`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uplifting' in WordNet: 1. (2) uplifting - (the rise of something; 'the uplifting of the clouds revealed the blue of a summer sky')`
Super-classes	MotionUpward^c Translation-LocationChange^c

UploadingaFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UploadingaFile`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'upload' in WordNet: 1. upload - (transfer a file or program to a central computer from a smaller computer or a computer at a remote location)`
Super-classes	TransferringSomething^c IBTCopying^c
Restrictions	produces^op value ComputerFile^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (IntelligentAgent^c or DigitalComputer^c or ArtifactObjectType^c) hadRecipient^op value ComputerServer^c hadThingTransferred^op value ComputerFile^c produces^op value Copy^c hasStartingPlace^op value DigitalComputer^c hasEndingPlace^op value ComputerServer^c

Upper^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upper

Description

'Upper' is An AttributeValue of one of two stationary PhysicalObjects the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is elevated above the altitude of the other object. This relation, is a specialization of 'Higher' in requiring that the objects be directly above and below each other.

      NOTE: a more metaphorical sense of 'upper' as higher in some qualitative
      value may be representedin part by the relation 'isMoreIntenseThan',
      forsome attributes. @ToDo: needs more development.

      This corresponds closely to the relation 'isDirectlyAbove', but its use
      is closer to the linguistic comparative form, where one can
      say 'the upper level' and mean 'the level that isDirectlyAbove'
      the other level'.  In this usage, it selects from two
      objects the one that is higher.

      This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of
         'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a
         function in an FOL implementation: it takes a pair of
         objects and selects the higher one.

       Corresponds to parts of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'upper' in WordNet:
         1. (14) upper - (higher in place or position; 'the upper bunk';
           'in the upper center of the picture'; 'the upper stories')
         2. upper - (the topmost one of two)

Super-classes Higher^c

UpperArm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpperArm`
Description	The ''UpperArm'' is the part of the Arm between the Shoulder and the Elbow of a Person. RHW 'upper arm': the part of the arm between the shoulder and the elbow.
Super-classes	LimbPart^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some ShoulderAndElbow^c

UpperCase^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpperCase

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uppercase' in Wordnet:
         1. uppercase - (relating to capital letters which were kept in the top half
            of a compositor's type case; "uppercase letters; X and Y and Z etc")

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

UpperCaseLetter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpperCaseLetter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uppercase' in WordNet: 1. capital, capital letter, uppercase, upper-case letter, majuscule - (one of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis; "printers once kept the type for capitals and for small letters in separate cases; capitals were kept in the upper half of the type case and so became known as upper-case letters")`
Super-classes	PhysicalCharacter^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value UpperCase^c

UpperClass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpperClass

Description

The ''UpperClass'' is the ''EconomicClass'' that is highest (richest) of the traditional three categories. This is also a subtype of ''SocalClass''..

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upper class' in WordNet:
            1. upper class, upper crust - (the class occupying the highest position in the social hierarchy)

Super-classes SocialClass^c
EconomicClass^c

UpperCrust^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpperCrust`
Description	The baked dough which forms the top crust of a Pie. A ''Pie'' may not have an ''UpperCrust'', which is a cover for the filling.
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c PieCrust^c
Restrictions	isAbove-Touching^op value PieFilling^c

UpperDeck^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpperDeck

Description

Several meanings in dictionaries:. Any deck above the 'MainDeck'?

       @TODo: clarify terminology with nautical expert.

       RHW 'upper deck':
           the uppermost continuous deck that is capable of being made watertight;
               freeboard deck.

        MW: 1.  the topmost full-length deck of a ship : a full-length deck above the main deck
            2. a partial deck above the main deck in a naval vessel

        WN 'upper deck':

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upper deck' in WordNet:
       1. upper deck - (a higher deck)

Super-classes ShipsDeck^c

UpperLip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpperLip`
Description	The upper''HumanLip''- this includes the part of the face between the moouth and the nose - where a ''Moustache'' would be. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'lip' in WordNet: 1. (57) lip - (fleshy folds of tissue as those surrounding the mouth)`
Super-classes	HumanLip^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Person^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Face^c

Upright^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upright`
Description	''Upright'' is an AttributeValue of a SolidObject that is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' that has the 'top' side directly above the 'bottom' side and is at rest on a surface. The alternative would be if the object had toppled into a horizontal or upside-down orientation. The difference between this and the subtype ''Vertical'' is that a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' may not have the long dimension normally vertical. This sense includes adjective sense 1 of 'vertical', senses 1 and 3 of 'upright' and sense 1 of 'erect' in WordNet: 1. (5) upright, unsloped - (in a vertical position; not sloping; 'an upright post') 3. erect, vertical, upright - (upright in position or posture; 'an erect stature'; 'erect flower stalks'; 'for a dog, an erect tail indicates aggression'; 'a column still vertical amid the ruins'; 'he sat bolt upright')
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	Vertical^c

UprightSupport^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UprightSupport`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upright' in WordNet: 1. upright, vertical - (a vertical structural member as a post or stake; 'the ball sailed between the uprights')`
Super-classes	StructuralMember^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Upright^c hasOrientation^op value Vertical^c
Sub-classes	WoodframeStud^c

Uproar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uproar`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uproar' in WordNet: 1. (4) tumult, tumultuousness, uproar, garboil - (a state of commotion and noise and confusion)`
Super-classes	DisorderlyActivity^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Noise^c

Upscale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upscale

Description

   RHW adj 'upscale':  (this is sense 2)
   1.  located at, moving toward, or of or for the upper end of a social or economic scale:
      The boutique caters to upscale young career people.
   2. luxurious, costly, or elegant.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upscale' in Wordnet:
     1. upscale - (appropriate for people with good incomes;
       'an upscale neighborhood'; 'an upscale motel')

Super-classes Expensive^c

Upset^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upset`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing some level of dissatisfaction, caused by some past (usually recent past) specific Event or situation. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'upset' and includes adjective sense 1 of 'perturbed' in WordNet, but (1) this refers to the DirectedFeeling 'BeingUpset', which must be caused by some one or more specific past Events, and 'worried' is not a necessary component; and (2) the component of 'confusion' in the WordNet sense of 'perturbed' is not a necessary component of this attribute: in WordNet: 1. (1) disquieted, distressed, disturbed, upset, worried - (afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief; 'too upset to say anything'; 'spent many disquieted moments'; 'distressed about her son's leaving home'; 'lapsed into disturbed sleep'; 'worried parents'; 'a worried frown'; 'one last worried check of the sleeping children') WN 'perturbed': 1. flustered, hot and bothered, perturbed, rattled - (thrown into a state of agitated confusion; ('rattled' is an informal term))
Super-classes	Dissatisfied^c Annoyed^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Embarrassed^c

UpsetCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpsetCondition`
Description	An ''UpsetCondition'' is an abnormal ''PhysiologicalCondition'' that is not necessily an ''AilmentCondition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'upset' in WordNet: 3. disorder, upset - (condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; 'the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder'; 'everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time')`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalCondition^c AbnormalCondition^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c hinders^op value NormalOrganismCondition^c
Sub-classes	SpeechDisorder^c EatingDisorder^c GlandularDisease^c SleepDisorder^c

UpsettingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpsettingEvent`
Description	An 'UpsettingEvent' is an 'UnpleasantEvent that causes 'BeingUpset' for some ''Animal'' (usually a Person). This can be applied to animals - but perhaps that should be a separate type. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'upset' in WordNet: 2. (2) upset, discompose, untune, disconcert, discomfit - (cause to lose one's composure)`
Super-classes	UnpleasantThing^c UndesirableEvent^c
Restrictions	causesMentalEventType^op value BeingUpset^c hadAffectedAgent^op some Animal^c
Sub-classes	EmbarrassingSomeone^c Bemusing^c CausingMentalDistress^c

UpsettingaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpsettingaPerson`
Description	''UpsettingaPerson'' is any Event that causes ''BeingUpset''or ''Concern'' in a Person. ''Concern'' comes in various subtypes: ''Anxiety''; ''Worry''; ''Nervousness''; ''BeingUpset''. Rather vague. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'upset' in WordNet: 1. (8) disturb, upset, trouble - (move deeply; 'This book upset me'; 'A troubling thought')`
Super-classes	CausingaMentalEvent^c
Restrictions	alwaysCauses^op value BeingUpset^c alwaysCauses^op value Concern^c hadAffectedPerson^op some Person^c
Sub-classes	UnsettlingaPerson^c

Upside^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upside`
Description	An ''Upside'' is a favorable ''AspectOfaProblem'' or a benefit to be gained from a proposal. `RHW noun 'upside': 5. an encouraging or positive aspect.`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c Feature^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Favorable^c

Upside-Down^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upside-Down`
Description	'Upside-Down' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that are TopAndBottomSidedObjects, that have the bottom side located above the top side in a gravitational field. This is an AttributeValue of a TopAndBottomSidedObject in which the 'BottomSide' is above the 'TopSide' at some particular time. `This is represented as the result of the transitive and intransitive senses of 'invert'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upside-down' in WordNet: 1. (1) inverted, upside-down - (being in such a position that top and bottom are reversed; 'a quotation mark is sometimes called an inverted comma'; 'an upside-down cake')`
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced^op value UpsideDownInversion^c isAnAttributeValueOf^op value TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	Overturned^c

UpsideDownInversion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpsideDownInversion`
Description	Each 'UpsideDownInversion' is the Motion of a PhysicalObject which rotates its parts in a gravitational field so that what was on top is now on bottom, and vice-versa. This can be accomplished by the object itself, or caused by some agent or force. If it is caused by an Agent, that would be 'InvertingSomething', which means the same as 'turning something upside-down'. NOTe that this includes intransitive and transitive senses. The transitive sense is more specifically represented in the subtype ''InvertingSomething''. Note an ''UpsideDownInversion'' does not require that the object turned over must come to rest in the upside-down position, but this Event applies only so far as the object is upside-down at completion of this event. This can also be a subEvent of a series, such as a rotation from vertical to upside-down and back, as in a ''Somersault''. This does not include going from vertical to horizontal, just to the ''Upside-Down'' orientation. There is no comparable intransitive sense of 'invert' in WordNet. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overturn' in Wordnet: 1. (2) overturn, turn over, tip over, tump over - (turn from an upright or normal position; 'The big vase overturned'; 'The canoe tumped over')
Super-classes	Motion^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Upside-Down^c isPerformedBy^op value TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	Capsizing^c InvertingSomething^c

Upstairs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upstairs`
Description	'Upstairs' is a location relative to some other location; in linguistic phrases, the reference location is, usually the location of the speaker. For the 'upstairs' of a building that is above Ground level (the upstairs part of a building), use 'AboveGroundLevel'. `This requires FOL to specify that 'upstairs' is above the ReferenceLocation of the assertion. This includes adverb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'upstairs' in WordNet: WN adverb 'upstairs': 1. (13) upstairs, up the stairs, on a higher floor - (on a floor above; 'they lived upstairs') WN noun 'Upstairs': 1. upstairs - (the part of a building above the ground floor; 'no one was allowed to see the upstairs')`
Super-classes	IndoorLocation^c RelativeLocation^c
Sub-classes	AboveGroundLevel^c

Upstate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upstate`
Description	The spatial region of the Earth's surface that is the northern part of a 'StateOrProvince'. The term 'upstate' is used as a modifier of the state that it is part of - as in 'upstate New York'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upstate' in WordNet: 1. (1) upstate - (in or toward the northern parts of a state; 'he lives upstate New York')`
Super-classes	GeopoliticalRegion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Northern^c isaSpatialPartOf^op some StateOrProvince^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UpstateNewYork

Upstream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upstream`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upstream' in Wordnet: 1. (1) upstream - (in the direction against a stream's current)`
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c DirectionalAttributeValue^c

Upstreamly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upstreamly

Description

The term ''Upstreamly'' is an AdverbialModifier is created to avoid duplicating the adjective ''Upstream''.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'upstream' in Wordnet:
           1. (2) upriver, upstream - (toward the source or against the current)

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Uptight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uptight

Description

''Uptight'' is an attribute of people who are tense, the opposite of Relaxed. More intense than ''Restess'.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uptight' in WordNet:
       1. edgy, high-strung, highly strung, in suspense, jittery, jumpy,
          nervy, overstrung, restive, uptight - (being in a tense state)
      WN adj 'tense':
        1. tense - (in or of a state of physical or nervous tension)

Super-classes Restless^c

Uptown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uptown

Description

Is this the northern part of a City??

          RHW: to, toward, or in the upper part of a town or city: He rode uptown on the bus.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uptown' in WordNet:
           1. (2) uptown - (a residential part of town away from the central commercial district)

Super-classes CityArea^c

UptownAndDowntown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UptownAndDowntown`
Super-classes	Group^c CityArea^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Uptown^c hasComponentElement^op value Downtown^c

Upward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upward`
Description	'Upward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from an altitude at some time to a higher altitude ata later time. The exact vector of the movement is not defined by use of this measure, and may or may not be restricted by the context of the assertion. `For motion directly upward, use 'DirectlyUpward'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'upward' in WordNet: 2. up, upward - (extending or moving toward a higher place; 'the up staircase'; 'a general upward movement of fish')`
Super-classes	DirectionMeasure^c QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	DirectlyDownward^c DirectlyUpward^c UpHill^c

Upwards^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Upwards

Description

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'upwards' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) up, upwards, upward, upwardly - (spatially or metaphorically from a lower 
              to a higher position; 'look up!'; 'the music surged up'; 'the fragments flew upwards';
              'prices soared upwards'; 'upwardly mobile')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Uranium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uranium

Description

A radioactive metallic element with 92 protons in each nucleus. It is the element with the highest atomic number among naturally-occurring elements. Elements higher in atomic number are unstable.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uranium' in Wordnet:
           1. (9) uranium, U, atomic number 92 - (a heavy toxic silvery-white 
               radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; 
               used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons)

Super-classes RadioactiveSubstance^c
UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Urban^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urban

Description

an AttributeValue of some type or instance that is distinctive to or characteristic of a ''City''.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'urban' in WordNet:
         1. (5) urban - (relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area; 
           'urban sociology'; 'urban development')
         2. (2) urban - (located in or characteristic of a city or city life; 
            'urban property owners'; 'urban affairs'; 'urban manners')

Super-classes Metropolitan^c

UrbanArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UrbanArea`
Description	For areas in a named 'city' use ''CityArea''. CYC: A subcollection of #$HumanResidenceRegion. Each instance of #$UrbanArea is a geographical region the whole of which (more or less) is characterized by typically urban features (such as streets, buildings, businesses, houses, schools, sidewalks, sewer systems, power lines, automobiles, pedestrians, and so on). An urban area might be as small as an inner-city street corner or as large as the New York City Metropolitan Area. By default, urbanness is a stuff-like property of human residence areas: (nearly) every subregion of an #$UrbanArea is itself an #$UrbanArea. Examples include #$UTAustinCampus, #$ResearchTrianglePark, and the territorial extent of various cities (#$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfToulouseFrance, etc.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urban area' in WordNet: 1. (3) urban area, populated area - (a geographical area constituting a city or town)
Super-classes	PopulatedPlace^c HumanResidenceArea^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Urban^c
Sub-classes	CityArea^c

Urbanization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urbanization`
Description	A ''Urbanization'' is a ''SocialOccurrence'' in which some the government of some country becomes more ''Democratic''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'urbanization' in WordNet: 2. urbanization, urbanisation - (the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban)`
Super-classes	SocialOccurrence^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Urbanized^c hadObjectModified^op value GeographicalRegion^c

Urbanized^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urbanized`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'urbanized' in Wordnet: 1. (2) urbanized, urbanised - (made urban in nature; taking on urban characteristics; 'the urbanized Eastern states')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

Urea^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urea

Description

A chemical compound that is one of the constituents of urine. It can be synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide. Urea is used in many products, including fertilizer and beauty products.

        COSMO: interestingly, though Urea was the first 'organic substance'
        (i.e. substances thought to be made only by living things),
        to be synthesized from non-organic materials, it does not fit
        the definition of 'OrganicCompound' in COSMO, since the carbon of
        Urea is not bonded to either another carbon or a hydrogen.
        Fancy that!

        SUMO: Urea is a dry, soluble, nitrogenous substance 
         that is the major solid component of the urine of mammals, and which 
         may be synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide; it is useful in the 
         production of Plastic and in Fertilizers.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urea' in Wordnet:
          1. urea, carbamide - (the chief solid component of mammalian urine; 
            synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide and used as fertilizer 
            and in animal feed and in plastics)

Super-classes CarbonCompound^c

Ureter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ureter`
Description	CYC: The collection of all ureters, #$AnatomicalVessels for the passage of #$Urine from the #$Kidneys to the #$Bladder-Urinary. `To represent the 'path' function use 'connects'' the bladder and kidney. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ureter' in WordNet: 1. ureter - (either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder)`
Super-classes	Duct^c
Restrictions	servesAsaPathFor^op value Urine^c isConnectedToDirectly^op value Bladder-Urinary^c isConnectedToDirectly^op value Kidney^c connects^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#KidneyAndBladder^c

Urethra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urethra`
Description	Urethras - canal that carries urine from the bladder out the body. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urethra' in WordNet: 1. urethra - (duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct)`
Super-classes	Duct^c
Restrictions	isConnectedToDirectly^op value Bladder-Urinary^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Urine^c

Urge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urge`
Description	A 'Urge' is a DirectedFeeling that is an intensive, intuitive subtype of Desire (not caused by reasoning) that arises in a short time and creates a Motive (Motive is MentalObject - an abstract Object of thought, not state); an Urge is a Desire to do something - perform some Action - rather than merely to achieve some GoalSituation. An Urge may include a desire to achieve a GoalSituation, but may merely be an urge to perform some Action for its own sake (see, for example, the subtype 'UrgeToSneeze'). WN desire urge impulse (motivation feeling) Urge RHW 13. an involuntary, natural, or instinctive impulse: the sex urge. impulse RHW 1. the influence of a particular feeling, mental state, etc.: to act under a generous impulse; to strike out at someone from an angry impulse. 2. sudden, involuntary inclination prompting to action: to be swayed by impulse. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'urge' and senses 1 and 2 of 'impule' in WordNet; however, in COSMO a 'Motive' is a MentalObject, which cannot be a Feeling, so the 'motive' associated with an Urge is created by the Urge: in WordNet: 1. (2) urge, impulse - (an instinctive motive; 'profound religious impulses') 2. (2) urge, itch - (a strong restless desire; 'why this urge to travel?')
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op only Action^c
Sub-classes	UrgeToSneeze^c

UrgeToSneeze^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UrgeToSneeze`
Description	COSMO note: this is a 'Feeling' in COSMO. Urges have not yet been represented (v0.50). `Cyc: This is a #$Collection of physical urges of a certain type, namely the urges that animals have to sneeze (and their accompanying internal sensations.)`
Super-classes	Urge^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op value Sneezing^c

Urgency^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urgency`
Description	''Urgency'' is a PersistentState in which some Action is believed to be ''Urgent'' by some Person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urgency' in WordNet: 1. (2) urgency - (the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity)`
Super-classes	PersistentState^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Concerned^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Urgent^c

Urgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urgent`
Description	An attribute of Actions that are considered - by some person(s) - as being necessary to perform in the very near future. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'urgent' and sense 1 of 'pressing' and sense 1 of 'emerent' in WordNet: 1. (6) pressing, urgent - (compelling immediate action; 'too pressing to permit of longer delay'; 'the urgent words 'Hurry! Hurry!''; 'bridges in urgent need of repair') WN adj 'emergent': 1. emergent - (occurring unexpectedly and requiring urgent action; 'emergent repair of an aorta')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c Salient^c
Sub-classes	Vital-Urgent^c

Urgently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urgently

Description

''Urgently'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that the situation characterized was perceived as ''Urgent'' - requiring immediate action.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'urgently' in WordNet:
           1. (1) urgently, desperately - (with great urgency; 
              'health care reform is needed urgently'; 'the soil desperately needed potash')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

UrgingAnAnimalToAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UrgingAnAnimalToAct`
Description	''UrgingAnAnimalToAct'' is an Action in which a Person does something - usually voicing some words but possibly making a gesture - that is intended to cause an ''Animal'' (Person or other animal with hearing) to perform some kind of Action. In the case of non-human animals, the animal will need to be trained to make sense of this Action. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'urge' in WordNet: 1. (36) urge, urge on, press, exhort - (force or impel in an indicated direction; 'I urged him to finish his studies')`
Super-classes	RecommendingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c
Sub-classes	SiccingaDogOnSomeone^c

Urinal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urinal`
Description	CYC: Toilets for male urination while standing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urinal' in WordNet: 1. urinal - (a plumbing fixture (usually attached to the wall) used by men to urinate)`
Super-classes	PlumbingFixture^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value DrainPipe^c isAttachedTo^op value Wall^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Urinating^c

UrinaryBladder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UrinaryBladder`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urinary bladder' in WordNet: 1. urinary bladder - (a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine)`
Super-classes	Bladder^c InternalOrgan^c Sac-Organic^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Urine^c

UrinaryTract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UrinaryTract`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urinary tract' in WordNet: 1. urinary tract - (the organs and tubes involved in the production and excretion of urine)`
Super-classes	BodyTract^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Urethra^c

Urinating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urinating`
Description	CYC: The collection of urination events. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'urinate' in Wordnet: 2. make, urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee, pee-pee, make water, relieve oneself, take a leak, spend a penny, wee, wee-wee, pass water - (eliminate urine; 'Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug')`
Super-classes	Excreting^c PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Urine^c

Urine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urine`
Description	Liquid waste created by the kidneys as they cleanse the blood of waste. NOTE that ''Urine'' is used mostly for substances that have been excreted, and as an ''ExcretionSubstance'' does not apply to the same materials that are still in the body. When it is necessary to represent such materials still in the body, some different type will be needed (e.g. 'ExcretableSubstance'??) @ToDo. That can be related to this type. 'isExcretedAs'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urine' in Wordnet: 1. (1) urine, piss, pee, piddle, weewee, water - (liquid excretory product; 'there was blood in his urine'; 'the child had to make water')
Super-classes	ExcretionSubstance^c LiquidSubstance^c AqueousSolution^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Urea^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unpleasant^c

Urn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urn`
Description	A large ''Vase'' not intended to hold flowers, but may hold other things, such as does a funerary urn. `NOTE: WN may include 'urns' as flower vases, but for COSMO an Urn is not intended to hold flowers. Footed vases may be created as a subtype of vase if needed. For the large ornamental vases not designed or intended for or incapable of containing things is an ''OrnamentalVase'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urn' in WordNet: 1. (1) urn - (a large vase that usually has a pedestal or feet)`
Super-classes	Vase^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c

Urologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urologist`
Description	CYC: Urologists are doctors who specialize in the branch of medicine dealing with the urinary or urogenital tract. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urologist' in WordNet: 1. urologist - (a specialist in urology)`
Super-classes	Biologist^c MedicalSpecialist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value UrinaryTract^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Urology^c

Urology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Urology`
Description	''Urology'' is the branch of ''Medicine'' that deals with the the urinary tract and related organs and diseases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urology' in WordNet: 1. urology, urogenital medicine - (the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system)`
Super-classes	Medicine^c Biology^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value UrinaryTract^c

Used^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Used`
Description	An Attribute of some ''PhysicalObject'' that has experienced a ''UsingAnObject'' Action. NOTE that the Object used need not be designed as a ''Instrument' but by virtue of being 'used' acquires the Role of an instrument.. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'used' in WordNet: 1. (6) used - (employed in accomplishing something; 'the principle of surprise is the most used and misused of all the principles of war'- H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker) 3. (1) secondhand, used - (previously used or owned by another; 'bought a secondhand (or used) car')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	WornOut^c

UsedArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsedArtifact`
Description	Used as an attribute of a product to indicate it's used. 'Pre-owned' merchandise.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c DurableGood^c
Sub-classes	Hand-Me-Down^c

UsedInIndustry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsedInIndustry

Description

an AttributeValue of things,abstract or concrete, that are typically or always used in an industrial setting. Of people, groups of people, terms, processes, etc. 'indistrial work'

 Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'industrial' in WordNet:
    3. (2) industrial - (employed in industry; 'industrial workers';
        'the industrial term in use among professional thieves')
    4. (2) industrial - (employed in industry; 'the industrial classes'; 'industrial work')

Super-classes Industrial^c

UsedUp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsedUp

Description

''UsedUp'' is an AttributeValue of some supply that was completely ''Depleted'' by some ''Depletion'' Event.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exhausted' in Wordnet:
          2. exhausted - (completely emptied of resources or properties; 
             'impossible to grow tobacco on the exhausted soil'; 'the exhausted food sources';
             'exhausted oil wells')
       WN adj 'depleted':
           1. (2) depleted - (having resources completely depleted; 'our depleted resources')

Super-classes Depleted^c

Useful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Useful`
Description	The property of things (including people and events) that have some value for some purpose for some person. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'useful' in WordNet: 1. (16) useful, utile - (being of use or service; 'the girl felt motherly and useful'; 'a useful job'; 'a useful member of society')`
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	General-Purpose^c Informative^c Therapeutic^c Rich-Fertile^c Applicable^c Salutary^c Beneficial^c Special-Purpose^c Worthwhile^c Utilitarian^c Functional^c

UsefulObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsefulObject`
Description	A 'UsefulObject' is a generic class of Objects that can be used in some Event type for the benefit of some Agent. Very broad.
Super-classes	Object^c UsefulThing^c
Sub-classes	Supplies^c

UsefulSource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsefulSource`
Description	'UsefulSource' is a Source of something good or useful, as contrasted with a source of something bad.
Super-classes	GoodThing^c Source^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op some (GoodThing^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or MoneyType^c or EnergyType^c)
Sub-classes	ManufacturingFacility^c InformationStorageMediumObject^c Faucet^c StillImageSource^c Mine^c LightingDevice^c Supply^c Spring-WaterSource^c Quarry^c GeologicalReservoir^c Tap^c EnergySource^c Well^c

UsefulSuggestion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsefulSuggestion`
Description	A ''UsefulSuggestion'' is a ''Suggestion'' that is ''Useful'' for solving some problem or performing some Action.
Super-classes	Suggestion^c UsefulThing^c

UsefulThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsefulThing`
Description	A 'UsefulThing' is a generic class of Things (of any type) that can be used in some Event type for the benefit of some Agent. Very broad.
Super-classes	GoodThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Useful^c
Sub-classes	Campfire^c DisabilityAidEquipment^c SportsImplement^c Information^c Loophole^c Implement^c UsefulSuggestion^c ArtifactObject^c Resource^c Support^c Radiation^c ListOfAlternatives^c Lifeline^c HouseholdItems^c Expedient^c Information-encoding-system^c Word^c UsefulObject^c

Useless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Useless`
Description	The property of objects or Actions that are considered to have no value as being of practical utility. This is a subtype of 'Worthless', more specific for physical objects that cannot be used. For Actions that are ''Useless'' use subAttribute ''Futile''. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'useless' in WordNet, not applicable to people: 1. (7) useless - (having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully; 'a kitchen full of useless gadgets'; 'she is useless in an emergency')`
Super-classes	Worthless^c Unuseable^c
Sub-classes	Futile^c

Uselessness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uselessness`
Description	''Uselessness'' is the quality of something Object or Action) that cannot be used for one's benefit (an Object) or will not accomplish the desired result an (Action). For Actions, use the subtype ''Futility''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uselessness' in WordNet: 1. (1) inutility, uselessness, unusefulness - (the quality of having no practical use)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Useless^c
Sub-classes	Futility^c

UserInterface^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UserInterface

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'user interface' in WordNet:
        1. interface, user interface - 
            ((computer science) a program that controls a display 
            for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and 
            that allows the user to interact with the system)

Super-classes Group^c
ComputerProgram^c
Artifact-Generic^c

UserRole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UserRole`
Description	A 'UserRole' is a role played by a living thing or Device who 'makesUseOf' some knd of resource for some purpose in some Event. The agent need not be an 'IntentionalAgent', as plants may also use resources for their benefit. `This may coincide with some grammatical role, such as in contructions indicating use of a resource by some agent. This is a vey broad Role that can include humans,animals, plants, robots,or 'Device's that use resources to perform their desired or intended function. This includes but is not restricted to sense 1 of 'User' in Wordnet: 1. (3) user - (a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something)`
Super-classes	RoleInAnEvent^c
Restrictions	makesUseOf^op some (DeviceType^c or Device^c or EnergySource^c or PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	DeviceOperator^c Consumer^c ComputerUser^c

Usher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Usher`
Description	A ''Usher'' is a ''Guide'' who leads a Person to a seat at some ''SocialGathering'', such as a concert or theater performance or some ceremenony such as a Wedding. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'usher' (leading a Person to a seat at a ''PublicAssemby'') in WordNet: 3. usher, guide - (someone employed to conduct others)`
Super-classes	Guide^c PersonWithOccupation^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Ushering^c

Ushering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ushering`
Description	''Ushering'' is the Action that an ''Usher'' performs in leading people to their seats at a ''PublicAssembly'' `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'usher' in WordNet: 1. (2) usher, show - (show (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums; 'The usher showed us to our seats')`
Super-classes	GuidingaPersonToSomePlace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Usher^c

UsingADevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingADevice`
Description	This is the specialization of #$UsingAnObject (q.v.) instances of which involve the use of some #$PhysicalDevice. See also #$deviceUsed.
Super-classes	ControllingAPhysicalDevice^c UsingAnObject^c
Sub-classes	UsingaComputer^c DatabaseSearching^c

UsingALanguage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingALanguage`
Description	An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$IBTGeneration and #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$UsingALanguage is an event in which some #$Agent-Generic produces (tokens of) expressions in a #$Language. Notable specializations include #$Writing and #$Talking. Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'use' in Wordnet: 1. (1387) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ - (put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; 'use your head!'; 'we only use Spanish at home'; 'I can't use this tool'; 'Apply a magnetic field here'; 'This thinking was applied to many projects'; 'How do you utilize this tool?'; 'I apply this rule to get good results'; 'use the plastic bags to store the food'; 'He doesn't know how to use a computer')
Super-classes	IBTGeneration^c MentalEvent^c UsingSomething^c
Restrictions	wasAssistedBy^op some Language^c
Sub-classes	TranslatingLinguisticPhrases^c Implying^c Conversation^c StatingSomething^c Spelling^c MakingWrittenMaterial^c Talking^c

UsingAnAbility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingAnAbility`
Description	''UsingAnAbility'' is an Action in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' performs an Action that requires the use of some ''Ability'' or ''Capability'' or ''SocialPower'' (including ''ControllingAuthority'').that is not possessed by most agents,but is possessed by that agent. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exert' in WordNet: 1. (28) exert, exercise - (put to use; "exert one's power or influence")`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c UsingSomething^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	makesUseOf^op some CapabilityType^c

UsingAnExpression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingAnExpression`
Description	An ''UsingAnExpression'' is a ''Speaking'', usually of a widely known 'Phrase'', that is used in a conventional manner by some community of speakers often enough that it carries a conventional meaning, possibly with conventional implications. `RHW 'locution: 1. a particular form of expression; a word, phrase, expression, or idiom, esp. as used by a particular person, group, etc.`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Expression^c

UsingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingAnObject`
Description	From Cyc, where it is called 'UsingAnObject'. This Type can subsume Actions where some PhysicalObject (usually but not necessarily a subtype of PhysicalDevice) is used as a means to assist the Action. The PhysicalObject used in this Action should be specified by the relation 'wasFacilitatedByInstrument'. Cyc 'UsingAnObject': The collection of all #$Actions of using an object. This refers to actual acts of manipulating/using an object, not the general events of which such use would be #$subEvents. If the object being used is a #$PhysicalDevice (see #$deviceUsed), employ the more specific collection #$UsingADevice. Corresponds to part (for PhysicalObjects) of noun sense 1 of 'use' in WordNet: 1. (1387) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ - (put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer")
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c AnimalActivity^c UsingSomething^c
Restrictions	wasFacilitatedByInstrument^op some PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack^c BlowingSomethingUp^c DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice^c UsingADevice^c UsingAnOwnedObject^c

UsingAnOpportunity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingAnOpportunity`
Description	''UsingAnOpportunity'' represents an Action that is motivated by the existence and recognition by an agent of an ''opportunity'' situation. Not every ''UsingAnOpportunity'' Action succeeds in accomplishing its intended result. This can also be referred to as 'taking advantage of an opportunity' NOTE: although 'taking' and 'seizing' are words used of men 'use' in this context, this is not a subtype of 'taking'. 'Taking' would mean that one has possesson of something one did not have - but an Opportunity is there for the use, it does not get created by a ''UsingAnOpportunity'' Action. It is however, a subtype of the broad sense ''Accepting'' - the 'Opportunity'' is offered, not by an agent,but by some circumsances occuring.
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c AnimalActivity^c Accepting^c UsingSomething^c
Restrictions	wasMotivatedBy^op some Opportunity^c wasMotivatedBy^op some PossibleFutureBenefit^c
Sub-classes	ExploitingSomething^c

UsingAnOwnedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingAnOwnedObject`
Description	''UsingAnOwnedObject'' is a ''UsingAnObject'' performed by LegalAgent who owns that Device.
Super-classes	UsingAnObject^c
Restrictions	uses^op value OwnedObject^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Used^c

UsingLand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingLand`
Description	''UsingLand'' is the Action of ''UsingSomething'' where the something is some ''LandArea'' (usually on the EarthsSurface but not excluding other planets). `This is an important consideration in considering 'zoning' legislation, to determine the optimal 'best use' of some portion of land to determine whether and how its use can be restricted. No WN synset can be found for this.`
Super-classes	UsingSomething^c HumanActivity^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value LandArea^c

UsingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingSomething`
Description	'UsingSomething' is the most general sense of the verb 'use'; the thing used can be abstract or physical; it can be knowledge, an ability, or a PhysicalObject, among other things. For the subtype of using a PhysicalObject, use 'UsingAnObject'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'use' in WordNet: 1. (1387) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ - (put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; 'use your head!'; 'we only use Spanish at home'; 'I can't use this tool'; 'Apply a magnetic field here'; 'This thinking was applied to many projects'; 'How do you utilize this tool?'; 'I apply this rule to get good results'; 'use the plastic bags to store the food'; 'He doesn't know how to use a computer') WN noun 'use': 1. (532) use, usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise - (the act of using; 'he warned against the use of narcotic drugs'; 'skilled in the utilization of computers')
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	uses^op some (Resource^c or ResourceType^c or Group^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or Role^c or RoleType^c or Action^c or ActionType^c or UsefulThing^c)
Sub-classes	UsingaPatentOrCopyright^c UsingLand^c PublicUse^c ExploitingaPerson^c UsingAnObject^c UsingAnAbility^c UsingALanguage^c UsingAnOpportunity^c DesiredFutureUse^c SharingaResource^c

UsingSomethingAsaBasis^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingSomethingAsaBasis

Description

'UsingSomethingAsaBasis' is a form of Thinking in which an IntelligentAgent uses some prior knowledge (an observation or a conclusion drawn from previous thinking or experience) or an assumption - to do something; the something done may be mental - as in believing something - or physical - as in taking an action. This type represents the notion of 'basing' some beliefs, assertions, or actions, on some knowledge or assumption.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'base' and sense 12 of 'ground' in WordNet: 
        1. (75) establish, base, ground, found - (use as a basis for; found on;
            'base a claim on some observation')

Super-classes ThinkingAboutSomething^c

UsingTheHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingTheHand`
Description	'UsingTheHand' is any Action in which an animal (including primates) uses its hand intentionally to perform some Action, with or without an instrument in the hand
Super-classes	VoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Hand^c hasBodypartMoved^op value Hand^c
Sub-classes	Throwing^c GropingForSomething^c FeelingWithTheHand^c Frisking^c Reaching^c Rowing^c RaisingByHand^c Applauding-Clapping^c GrabbingOntoWithHand^c SearchingForAnObject^c TwiddlingSomething^c PunchingSomething^c Patting^c ShakingHands^c HandlingAnObject^c SupportingSomethingWithTheHand^c Namaste^c SewingByHand^c Rummaging^c Smacking^c HittingAnObject^c HighFives^c

UsingaComputer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingaComputer`
Description	Any action by a person or automation that uses some form of computer
Super-classes	UsingADevice^c ComputerActivity^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Computer^c
Sub-classes	WritingaComputerProgram^c

UsingaPatentOrCopyright^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingaPatentOrCopyright`
Description	''UsingaPatentOrCopyright'' is the Act of commercial use of a ''Patent'' or ''Copyrght'' which typically requires that the user pay a fee.
Super-classes	UsingSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Licensee^c requiresResource^op value PayingaRoyalty^c

UsingaTollRoad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsingaTollRoad`
Description	''UsingaTollRoad'' is any Act of ''DrivingaRoadVehicle'' along some section of a ''TollRoad'' that actuall has a toll booth at some ont on that section (some toll roads have sections that can be traversed without paying a toll).
Super-classes	DrivingaRoadVehicle^c ObligationCreatingEvent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value TollRoad^c obligesActionType^op value PayingaRoadToll^c

Usual^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Usual`
Description	'Usual'' is an attribute of Things (objects, attributes or Events) that occur frequently enough (in some context) as to have no special salient qualities and are too common in that context to be considered notable. More specific for Events is the subtype ''Routine''. `Differs from the parent 'Common' in applying to Events and especially Actions that are experienced by people. WN 'usual': in WordNet: 1. (29) usual - (occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; 'grew the usual vegetables'; 'the usual summer heat'; 'came at the usual time'; 'the child's usual bedtime') 2. (2) common, usual - (commonly encountered; 'a common (or familiar) complaint'; 'the usual greeting')`
Super-classes	Common^c
Sub-classes	Routine^c

Utensil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Utensil`
Description	A ''Utensil'' is a ''HandHeldObject'' that can be used to perform useful Actions. This is a term applied commonly to objects used in preparing food and eating food. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'utensil' in WordNet: 1. (2) utensil - (an implement for practical use (especially in a household))`
Super-classes	Device^c Implement^c HandHeldObject^c
Sub-classes	FoodUtensil^c Funnel^c

Uterus^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Uterus

Description

The female sex organ of a mammal where her young can develop. The lining of the uterus is shed during #$Menstruating.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uterus' in WordNet:
           1. uterus, womb - (a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of 
            females; contains the developing fetus)

Super-classes AnatomicalVessel^c
InternalOrgan^c
Sac-Organic^c
SexOrgan^c
AnimalBodyPart-Female^c

Utilitarian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Utilitarian

Description

''Utilitarian'' is a subtype of ''Useful'' characterizing ''ArtifactObject''s that are designed primarily to perform some useful function, with less or little attention given to whether the Object will be Ornamental or valuable.

      Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'utilitarian' in WordNet:
        1. (1) utilitarian, useful - (having a useful function; 'utilitarian steel tables')
        2. utilitarian - (having utility often to the exclusion of values;
            'plain utilitarian kitchenware')

Super-classes Useful^c

Utility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Utility`
Description	''Utility'' (syn. 'usefulness') is a state in which some Entity that is in that state is ''Useful'' for some Purpose. This broadly applicable and can be elaborated in subtypes; see, e.g. ''Functionality''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'utility' in WordNet: 2. (1) utility, usefulness - (the quality of being of practical use)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Useful^c
Sub-classes	Avail^c Functionality^c Practicality^c

Utopia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Utopia`
Description	A ''Utopia'' is an Ideal ''PhysicalSituation'' that encompasses the whole world and the social relations among the people in it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'utopia' in WordNet: 2. utopia - (ideally perfect state; especially in its social and political and moral aspects)`
Super-classes	IdealThing^c PhysicalSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unrealistic^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Perfect^c

Utopian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Utopian

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'utopian' in Wordnet:
         2. utopian - (characterized by or aspiring to impracticable perfection;
            'the dim utopian future'; 'utopian idealists';
            'recognized the utopian nature of his hopes')

Super-classes Unrealistic^c

Utterance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Utterance`
Description	An 'Utterance'' is a short ''Phrase'' no longer than one or two sentences, and as few as one word. `No WN entry found for this. RHW noun 'utterance' 3.something uttered; a word or words uttered; a cry, animal's call, or the like.`
Super-classes	Phrase^c PieceOfInformation^c
Restrictions	hasIntendedRecipient^op value Animal^c wasCreatedBy^op value Person^c isTheProductOf^op value Speaking^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shoo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Shush

UtteringaCurse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UtteringaCurse`
Description	'UtteringaCurse' is an act of 'CastingaSpell' in which the speaker appeals to come supernatural power to inflict evil on someone or something (one can curse a plant or inanimate object). `This is not for uttering a ''CurseWord''; for that see ''Cursing''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'curse' and noun sense 2 of 'curse' in WordNet: 3. (2) curse, beshrew, damn, bedamn, anathemize, anathemise, imprecate, maledict - (wish harm upon; invoke evil upon; 'The bad witch cursed the child') WN noun 'curse': 2. (1) execration, condemnation, curse - (an appeal to some supernatural power to inflict evil on someone or some group)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c StatingSomething^c CastingaSpell^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Jinx^c causedCreationOf^op value Curse^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Solemn^c

V-shaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#V-shaped

Description

Something 'V-shaped'' has a shape (looking from the side) like that of the letter 'V' - though it may be three-dimensional.

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'v-shaped' in Wordnet:
            1. v-shaped - (shaped in the form of the letter V)

Super-classes Angular^c
ShapeAttribute^c

VIP^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VIP`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'VIP' in WordNet: 1. very important person, VIP, high-up, dignitary, panjandrum, high muckamuck - (an important or influential (and often overbearing) person)`
Super-classes	ImportantPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Important^c

VaVaVoom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VaVaVoom`
Description	''VaVaVoom'' is an ''Exclamation'' suddenly emitted word by someone expressing enjoyment at viewing a very beautiful, and especially a ''Voluptuous'' woman. ay be considered offensive by the woman referenced,if she hears the word.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

Vacant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vacant

Description

An AttributeValue of a living quarter or a rental space or a Position in some Organization, that is not'filled' with some Occupant.

  For the spaces  in some public structure that has limited capacity such as a seat in
         a theater or an airplane, or a toilet facility, that can be but is not
         currently being  used by people (seats, bathrooms) use  ''Unoccupied''

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'vacant' in Wordnet:
          2. (1) vacant - (without an occupant or incumbent; 'the throne is never vacant')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

VacantLot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VacantLot`
Description	A ''VacantLot'' is ''PlotOfLand'' on which there are no structures, `This is not necessarily a ''building site'' - can a lot have uses other than putting structures on them? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacant lot' in WordNet: 1. vacant lot, building site - (a lot on which there are no permanent buildings)`
Super-classes	Lot^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value ConstructionArtifact^c

Vacation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vacation`
Description	This could be considered as an Action, but for now is represented as a TimeInterval, as is 'Holiday'. NOTE British usage of 'holiday' called 'vacation' in US. 'Vacation' need not be a 'leave' from a paid job, as people may take a 'vacation' from other activities, who are self-employed or undemployed. Cyc: A specialization of #$LeaveOfAbsence. Each instance of this collection is a scheduled absence in which an agent has been granted leave from another activity, such as work or school, as a respite from that activity. This colection includes the time that is granted for vacation purposes and excludes holiday leaves, sick and emergency leaves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacation' and sense 1 of 'holiday' in WordNet: 1. (9) vacation, holiday - (leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure; we get two weeks of vacation every summer; we took a short holiday in Puerto Rico)
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	Honeymoon^c

Vaccinating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vaccinating`
Description	Vaccinating can be performed on a human or non-human animal. In either case it is a ProfessionalServicing. The type of animal can be pointed to by 'hadAnimalTreated' and the individual animal by 'hadBeneficiary'. hasPurpose immunizing immunity resistance to disease @antigen?? NOTE that the goal is 'immunization' but WN has that as a synonym - need to be differentiated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vaccinate' in WordNet: 1. immunize, immunise, inoculate, vaccinate - (perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation; 'We vaccinate against scarlet fever'; 'The nurse vaccinated the children in the school') WN noun 'vaccination': 1. (1) inoculation, vaccination - (taking a vaccine as a precaution against contracting a disease)
Super-classes	TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay^c TakingCareOfSomething^c AttemptingActivity^c ProfessionalServicing^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op some Animal^c hadAnimalTreated^op some (Animal^c or AnimalType^c) mayCause^op value Immunization^c hasPurpose^op value Immunization^c

Vaccine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vaccine`
Description	A ''Vaccine'' is a type of Antigen that is administered to a Person (or other animal) to induce immunity to some infectious disease. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vaccine' in WordNet: 1. (1) vaccine, vaccinum - (immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies)`
Super-classes	OrganicSubstance^c Antigen^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value Immunization^c

Vacuum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vacuum`
Description	The formal meaning of a '''Vacuum'' is a Region of space that has no matter in it. This is never achievable in practice if for no other reason all space is permeated with radiation, and radiation has mass. In practice this means a 'partial vacuum', which should have no more than one-tenth atmosphere pressure of gas in it. For lower values of pressure, 'high vacuum' can be used. The ''Vacuum'' of this type will cause a noticeable sucking if it is exposed to the atosphere. This includes the partial vaccum created by a ''VacuumCleaner' or a 'aspirator vacuum pump' (as in a laboratory). CYC: A specialization of #$EmptySpaceRegion whose instances are connected regions of completely empty space (i.e. space that contains absolutely no tangible material) located in the empirically observable universe. NOTE: In COSMO an ''Absence'' is considered as an Event,so it is disjoint with a ''Region''; this type ''Vacuum'' is actually the Event of 'no matter present' occurring in a ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''. If required, an alternative perspective could be to represent a Vacuum as a ''PhysicalSpaceRegion'' that has no matter. (doesNotContainSubstance Matter) - perhaps called 'RegionOfVacuum' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacuum' in WordNet: 1. (12) vacuum, vacuity - (the absence of matter)
Super-classes	Absence^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value PhysicalSpaceRegion^c isTheAbsenceOf^op value Matter^c

VacuumCleaner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VacuumCleaner`
Description	CYC: The collection of all vacuum cleaners. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacuum cleaner' in WordNet: 1. (1) vacuum, vacuum cleaner - (an electrical home appliance that cleans by suction)`
Super-classes	ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c CleaningDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op value Vacuum^c isaRequiredInstrumentForAction^op value Vacuuming^c

Vacuuming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vacuuming`
Description	Cleaning a Floor with a VacuumCLeaner. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vacuum' in WordNet: 1. (2) vacuum, vacuum-clean, hoover - (clean with a vacuum cleaner; 'vacuum the carpets')`
Super-classes	CleaningaFloor^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value VacuumCleaner^c

Vagina^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vagina`
Description	The passage which leads from the outer sex organs of female animals to the uterus. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vagina' in WordNet: 1. vagina - (the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; 'the vagina receives the penis during coitus'; 'the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus')`
Super-classes	Duct^c AnimalBodyPart-Female^c SexOrgan^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FemaleAnimal^c

Vaginal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vaginal

Description

''Vaginal'' is an attribute pertaining to the ''Vagina'' and to objects, processes and diseases associated with the ''Vagina''

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vaginal' in WordNet:
         1. vaginal - (of or relating to the vagina; 'vaginal suppository')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

VaginalAdministration^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VaginalAdministration`
Description	Inserting a drug into the Vagina.
Super-classes	PuttingSomethingIntoSomething^c AdministeringaDrug^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op some Suppository^c isIntoInteriorOf^op some Vagina^c

Vague^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vague

Description

''Vague'' is an attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are not easy to understand precisely because they may be ambiguous, or not defined. Opposite 'precise'?

       This type includes all of the meanings suggested in the gloss
        for sense 2 of 'vague' in Wordnet, but is mostly intended
        to characterize terms that are ambiguous or undefined.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'vague' in Wordnet:
           2. (9) undefined, vague - (not precisely limited, determined, 
              or distinguished; 'an undefined term'; 'undefined authority'; 
              'some undefined sense of excitement'; 'vague feelings of sadness'; 
              'a vague uneasiness')

Super-classes Nebulous^c
Unclear^c

Vaguely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vaguely

Description

''Vaguely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies objects and assertions in different ways, both of which are included in this type. This should be differentiated but the WN relation of adjective to adverb does not appear precise. More examples needed to differentiate properly.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vaguely' in WordNet:
          1. (14) vaguely, mistily -
              (in a vague way; 'he looked vaguely familiar';
              'he explained it somewhat mistily')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Valedictorian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valedictorian`
Description	The ''Valedictorian'' is usually the student with the highest ''AverageCourseGrade'' for the entire period (typically four years) when that Student attended that school. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'valedictorian' in WordNet: 1. valedictorian, valedictory speaker - (the student with the best grades who usually delivers the valedictory address at commencement)`
Super-classes	Graduate^c Scholar^c Student^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value ValedictoryAddress^c

ValedictoryAddress^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ValedictoryAddress`
Description	NOTE: The ''ValedictoryAddress'' at a graduation ceremony is performed usually by a Student who has been selected as the ''Valedictorian'' of that class. NOTE: 'vale' is Latin for 'Farewell' and 'dicere'is 'to say', so a 'valedictory is 'saying farewell'. A well-known classical example of a 'farewell address that is not at a graduation is the speech of the Roman 'Catallus' in saying 'hail and farewell' to a dead friend: Ave atque Vale Through many countries and over many seas I have come, Brother, to these melancholy rites, to show this final honour to the dead, and speak (to what purpose?) to your silent ashes, since now fate takes you, even you, from me. Oh, Brother, ripped away from me so cruelly, now at least take these last offerings, blessed by the tradition of our parents, gifts to the dead. Accept, by custom, what a brother's tears drown, and, for eternity, Brother, 'Hail and Farewell'. Gaius Valerius Catullus Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'valedictory address' in WordNet: 1. valediction, valedictory address, valedictory oration, valedictory - (a farewell oration (especially one delivered during graduation exercises by an outstanding member of a graduating class))
Super-classes	Oration^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Formal^c

Valentine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valentine

Description

A ''Valentine'' is a ''LovedOne'' to whom one sends a Valentine's Day greeting. This is traditionally only one person.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'valentine' in WordNet:
           1. valentine - (a sweetheart chosen to receive a greeting on Saint Valentine's Day;
           'will you be my valentine?')

Super-classes Sweetheart^c

Valet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valet

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'valet' in WordNet:
          1. (2) valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman, man - 
             (a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer; 'Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man')

Super-classes Manservant^c

Valid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valid`
Description	''Valid'' is a property of a Document or Right that attests to something (a state or Right) or provides authoritative permission (as does a License) to perform some actions. Such Documents or Rights are generally ''LegallyBinding'' at the time they were made, but may expire. This attribute specifies that the Document or Right has not yet expired as of the time the assertion ''valid'' is made. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'valid' in WordNet: 2. valid - (still legally acceptable; 'the license is still valid')`
Super-classes	Acceptable^c
Sub-classes	LegallyBinding^c

Validating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Validating`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'validate' in WordNet: 1. (2) validate, formalize, formalise - (declare or make legally valid)`
Super-classes	Authorizing^c
Restrictions	causedCreationOf^op value Accreditation^c
Sub-classes	Ratifying^c

Valley^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valley`
Description	A topographical feature of significantly lower altitude than the area surrounding it. A #$Valley is distinguished from a #$Basin by having sharper sides, and typically has #$Mountains (or smaller elevations) surrounding it. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'valley' in WordNet: 1. (27) valley, vale - (a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river)`
Super-classes	Concavity^c Slope-Topographical^c OutdoorObject^c TerrainLowGround^c GeographicalDepresson^c OutdoorGeographicalObject^c CavityWithWalls^c MajorTerrainFeature^c Ground^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value River^c
Sub-classes	RiverValley^c Ravine^c Canyon^c Crevice-Topographical^c

Valuable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valuable`
Description	The property of substances or objects that are considered (by their possesor or potential possessor) to have some positive value. This is for both monetary and emotional value. For high levels of value, the monetary and emotional are distinguished as 'Precious' and 'cherished', respectively. `Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'valuable' in WordNet: 1. (16) valuable - (having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange; 'another human being equally valuable in the sight of God'; 'valuable diamond') 2. (5) valuable, worthful - (having worth or merit or value; 'a valuable friend'; 'a good and worthful man')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Cherished^c Invaluable^c Precious^c Reusable^c

Valuable-PersonalPossession^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valuable-PersonalPossession`
Description	An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$Valuable-PersonalPossession is a relatively small, relatively valuable #$PortableObject: a personal possession that one might lock away (e.g. in a #$BankVault) for safekeeping. Notable specializations are #$TenderObject, #$Jewelry, and #$PersonalSetOfKeys.
Super-classes	PortableObject^c PersonalPossession^c
Sub-classes	Jewelry^c TenderObject^c IDDocument^c Jewel^c

ValuableThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ValuableThing`
Description	Anything that has value to a cognitive agent. The value does not have to be monetary, it can be sentimental. The thing can be an object, a right, a substance, or something intangible such as friendship or knowledge. Anything that would cause distress to an agent if it were lost is a valuable thing. Anything that can be used to help an agent achieve desired goals (e.g. food) is also a valuable thing - see the subtype 'Resource'. Anything that an intelligent agent would pay money to obtain is a valuable thing; in this case, the 'value' is at least approximately quantifiable. `NOTE that 'valuable', as with 'Worthless' are EvaluativeAttributes, and some people may consider a thing 'valuable' while others consider it 'worthless'; the two are not disjoint.`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Valuable^c
Sub-classes	WorkingEvent^c ServiceEvent^c GoodReputation^c Heritage^c Jurisdiction-Authority^c Resource^c LineOfCredit^c Property^c Compensation^c Acquisition^c PreciousMetal^c HumanActivity^c Slave^c SomethingOwed^c AgentCapability^c QuantityOfEnergy^c Reward^c Gift^c AbilityToInfluencePeople^c Nugget^c MoneyObject^c JobSituation^c QuidProQuo^c Friendship^c FunctionalBusinessEntity^c Prize^c Collectible^c Gemstone^c Loss^c ArtifactObject^c Mediating^c Sacrifice^c SocialPower^c Pearl^c SocialInstitution^c
In domain of	wasPaidInEvent^op
In range of	hadObjectPaid^op

ValuableThingType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ValuableThingType`
Description	a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of ValuableThing as one of their arguments..
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Sub-classes	ServiceEventType^c AccountType^c MoneyType^c AssetType^c FinancialAssetType^c
Members	Requirement Prize Precondition Memory SomethingOwed ServingaCauseOrCountry PaymentAmount Investment Necessity Treasury Knowledge JobSituation DonationOffering MilitaryService FunctionalBusinessEntity PerformanceBonus ValuableThing MonetaryValue LiquidAsset Mediating Sacrifice EconomicAssistance Reward Pearl SocialPower SpecializedKnowledge FinancialSecurity Capital Information-Content NewKnowledge Inheritance MoneyObject ServiceEvent RememberedThing Bounty CurrencyObject ProceduralKnowledge Heirloom Wealth ArbitratingaCase ArtifactObject Resource Jurisdiction-Authority Collectible Surety AccountBalance Erudition Education Enlightenment Edification Bursary ReceivedWisdom Findings QuantityOfEnergy Asset Gift GeographicKnowledge QuidProQuo Gemstone AbilityToInfluencePeople Property Compensation Wisdom LineOfCredit Acquisition Disenchantment

Valuation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valuation`
Description	A ''Valuation'' is a subtype of ''Value'', whose associated AttributeValues indicate the positive quality(s) that make something desirable or useful. These associated attributes may include, in addition to monetary value, other things of value (such as esteem or prestige) `For a 'valuation' that expresses an opinion on some value other than the monetary value of something, use ''Evaluation''. This AttributeValue is estimated by a process of ''Evaluating''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'valuation' in WordNet: 2. valuation - (assessed price; 'the valuation of this property is much too high')`
Super-classes	Value^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value Evaluating^c

Value^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Value`
Description	'Value' is an AttributeType whose associated AttributeValues indicate the positive quality(s) that make something desirable or useful, or indicate what must be given in exchange to obtain that something. A 'Value' may be verbal ('sentimental value only') or monetary; for many things, the value will depend on the agent whose own interests determine whether something is desirable, and to what degree. A more specific value is 'Cost', what must be given in exchange to obtain a thing, and a subtype of 'Cost' is 'Price', which is a value that any of many agents would have to pay for some item on sale. @ToDo: relation to 'Valuable'??? Perhaps AttributeValue 'PositiveValue' which would have levels - then relation: 'hasaHighLevelOf'. Any Other attributes can use such a relation?? For the specific value in monetary units, use 'MonetaryValue'; if an object is for sale, use 'Price'. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'value' and senses 1 and 2 of 'worth' in WordNet; NOTE that sense 1 of 'worth' needs to be implemented as a function, taking the preceding measure and returning a measure of something that is equivalent in Value @ToDo (for FOL implementation): in WordNet: 2. (52) value - (the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable; 'the Shakespearean Shylock is of dubious value in the modern world') 3. (14) value, economic value - (the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else; 'he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices') WN noun 'worth': 1. (5) worth - (an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value; '10 dollars worth of gasoline') 2. (4) worth - (the quality that renders something desirable or valuable or useful)
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Valuation^c MonetaryValue^c Cost^c

ValueHistory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ValueHistory`
Description	Each ValueHistory is a specialized form of historical narrative, the essential component of which is a table (an instance of ValueTimeTable) of the values of some attribute for some entity as a function of time. The other components of the ValueHistory specify the entity being described, the type of value repreented in the ValueTimeTable, and any other information needed to properly interpret the ValueTimeTable. `NOTE that the time intervals need not be contiguous, and the history does not have to be complete. Since this is a type of Group, there must be at least two Attribute + Time entries in the history.`
Super-classes	Group^c HistoricalNarrative^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some ValueTimeTable^c

ValueRange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ValueRange`
Description	A ValueRange (range of values) can be expressed either by giving the low and high values, or by giving a mean value with potential deviations. The two modes of expression may have different meanings, so they are represented as 'SimpleRange' and 'UniformRange' in COSMO.
Super-classes	BandOfValues^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	RadioFrequencyBand^c UniformRange^c SimpleRange^c ConfidenceInterval^c

ValueTimeEntry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ValueTimeEntry`
Description	Each ValueTimeEntry is an OrderedGroup of which the first element is an AttributeValue and the second element is a time point or time interval specifying when that attributeValue held, or was observed. The OrderedGroup (row of the table) may have other ancillary information regarding the circumstances of that observation or measurement. `The list of attributes over time has some similarity to a FunctionalProcess, though the latter relates the assertions themselves, rather than the values.`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c
Restrictions	hasSecondElement^op some TemporalLocation^c hasFirstElement^op some AttributeValue^c

ValueTimeTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ValueTimeTable`
Description	Each ValueTimeTable is a Table describing the history of some AttributeValue of an entity over time. Each row of the Table is a List of which the first element is an AttributeValue and the second element is a time point or time interval specifying when that AttributeValue held, or was observed. The List (row of the table) may have other ancillary information regarding the circumstances of that observation or measurement. NOTE that there may be only one row in the table, representing the AttributeValue at only one time. NOTE also that a ValueTimeTable resembles in one respect a FunctionalProcess, in that it specifies attributes as a function of time. But the internal structure differs from that of a FunctionalProcess. A FunctionalProcess consists of a Group of assertions, but even if the rows of a ValueTimeTablecontained all the same information in an assertion, it would not be considered as an Assertion. If properly structured, a 'hasAttribute' assertion should be able to be reconstructed from each row of a ValueTimeTable.
Super-classes	Table^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op some ValueTimeEntry^c

Valve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Valve`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Valves, whether biological or manufactured. Each instance of this collection consists of a section of #$FluidConduit with at least one moving part which can limit the volume or direction of flow within a system depending upon how it is situated or simply the moving parts within the #$FluidConduit which perform this action. `Includes noun senses 1 2 and 3 of 'valve' in Wordnet: 1. (2) valve - (a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it) 2. (1) valve - (device in a brass wind instrument for varying the length of the air column to alter the pitch of a tone) 3. valve - (control consisting of a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid)`
Super-classes	ControlStructure-Physical^c Portal^c
Sub-classes	Faucet^c Tap^c CutoffValve^c

Vampire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vampire`
Description	CYC: The collection of all vampires - mythological creatures (perhaps animated corpses) that bite the necks of their human victims and drink their blood. The victims then turn into vampires themselves. Vampires can be 'killed' by driving a stake into their hearts or cremating them, sleep in coffins during the daytime and are active only at night, and have a strong aversion to sunlight and garlic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vampire' in WordNet: 1. vampire, lamia - ((folklore) a corpse that rises at night to drink the blood of the living)`
Super-classes	DeadPerson^c MythicalThing^c IntelligentAgent^c SentientAnimal^c TerrestrialOrganism^c Evildoer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value NocturnallyActive^c feedsOn^op value Person^c feedsOn^op value Blood^c

Van^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Van`
Description	A '''Van'' is a 'Truck'' that has an enclosed (with a roof) cargo space. A ''Van'' can be only large enough to hold one couch (not too long) or can be large enough to hold several roomfuls of furniture. For the small vans, the 'freight' carried can be personal, and not carried for commercial purposes. The smallest ''Van''s are called 'minivan'. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'van' in WordNet: 4. van - (a truck with an enclosed cargo space)`
Super-classes	Truck^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value LandVehicleRoof^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value CarryingFreight^c
Sub-classes	PassengerVan^c

Vanadium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vanadium

Description

This represents the set of all pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of vanadium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanadium' in WordNet:
          1. vanadium, V, atomic number 23 - 
              (a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; 
              it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

Vandalism^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vandalism

Description

The intentional damaging or destruction of property which you have no right to damage or destroy.

        SUMO: An event where the objective of the agent
        is to damage or destroy some property of another agent.  This is
        distinguished from acts where the prime objective is damage or loss
        of life of another agent.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vandalism' in Wordnet:
           1. (1) vandalism, hooliganism, malicious mischief - (willful wanton 
            and malicious destruction of the property of others)

Super-classes ActionOnObject^c
HostileSocialAction^c
Crime^c
IntentionalDestruction^c

VanillaBean^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VanillaBean`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanilla bean' in WordNet: 1. vanilla bean - (long bean-like fruit; seeds are used as flavoring)`
Super-classes	BeanLikeFruit^c

VanillaExtract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VanillaExtract`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanilla extract' in WordNet: 1. vanilla, vanilla extract - (a flavoring prepared from vanilla beans macerated in alcohol (or imitating vanilla beans))`
Super-classes	Orchid^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VanillaFlavor^c

VanillaFlavor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VanillaFlavor`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vanilla' in WordNet: 3. vanilla - (a distinctive fragrant flavor characteristic of vanilla beans)`
Super-classes	TasteAttribute^c

VanillaIceCream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VanillaIceCream`
Description	A ''White'' ''IceCream'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanilla ice cream' in WordNet: 1. vanilla ice cream - (ice cream flavored with vanilla extract)
Super-classes	IceCream^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value VanillaExtract^c hasColor^op value White^c

VanillaPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VanillaPlant

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanilla' in WordNet:
          1. vanilla - (any of numerous climbing plants of the genus Vanilla 
              having fleshy leaves and clusters of large waxy highly fragrant
              white or green or topaz flowers)

Super-classes Orchid^c

Vapor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vapor`
Description	A specialization of #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter. Each instance of #$Vapor is a tangible thing in a gaseous state, and is an instance of a type of substance whose instances are in either a solid or liquid form under ordinary conditions. `NOTE: the only sense of vapor' in WN is a 'visible' suspension. This ''Vapor'' is a gas, and therefore is not usually visible. For the WN 'vapor' use ''CloudlikeObject''.`
Super-classes	Gas^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Vaporization^c

VaporPressure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VaporPressure`
Description	Each 'VaporPressure' is a OrderedPair in which the first element is the temperature at which the vapor pressure property holds, and the second element is a pressure. This is a property of a PhysicalSubstance. To relate more than one VaporPressure to a substance with one relation, it is possible to use. An instance of VaporPressure can be labeled by use of the 'VP' prefix. NOTE: one might define a VaporPressure by including the substance, but the substance is already mentioned in relating a VaporPressure to this type of AttributeValue. To relate a PhysicalSubstance to a set of vapor pressures depending on temperature, use 'VaporPressureGroup'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vapor pressure' in WordNet: 1. (10) vapor pressure, vapour pressure - (the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form))
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some TemperatureMeasure^c hasSecondElement^op some PressureMeasure^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VP_760mm_100C

VaporPressureGroup^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VaporPressureGroup`
Description	A 'VaporPressure' is a Group of VaporPressures (each of which which is an OrderedPair specifying a TemperatureMeasure and a PressureMeasure for the substance at that TemperatureMeasure.. A VaporPressureTable will in general be distinctive for a particular substance, but in theory it is possible for two different substances to have the same vapor pressures (for temperatures listed in the table and within the limits of the measurement), so instances of this type do not have to be linked to only one substance. An instance of VaporPressureGroup can be labeled by use of the 'VP' prefix.
Super-classes	Group^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only VaporPressure^c

Vaporization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vaporization`
Description	A specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Each instance of #$Vaporization is an event in which a liquid or solid transforms into its gaseous state. Important specializations include #$Aerosolizing, #$Evaporating, and #$Boiling. The latter two rely on heat to catalyze the reaction, and the former uses pressure. NOTE: this type includes transitive and intransitive senses,which can be differentiated. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vaporize' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gasify, vaporize, vaporise, aerify - (turn into gas; 'The substance gasified') 3. evaporate, vaporize, vaporise - (lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue; 'evaporate milk') WN noun 'vaporization': 2. vaporization, vaporisation, vapor, vapour, evaporation - (the process of becoming a vapor) WN verb 'vaporise': 2. evaporate, vaporise - (change into a vapor; 'The water evaporated in front of our eyes')
Super-classes	StateChange^c
Restrictions	reversesTheEffectOf^op value Condensing^c
Sub-classes	Sublimating^c Evaporating^c Boiling^c

Vaporized^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vaporized

Description

''Vaporized'' is the attribute of something that has changed from a solid or liquid phase into a gas. That gas is its ''Vapor''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vaporized' in Wordnet:
         1. gasified, vaporized, vapourised, volatilized, volatilised -
              (converted into a gas or vapor)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Variability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Variability`
Description	''Variability'' is a more intense subtype of ''Changeability'', for things that can change frequently or by a large amount,or change in one direction followed by the reverse direction, at regular or irregular intervals.. This can also be used for types of things having attributes that can vary from one instance to another, or from one sampling to another: 'variabilty of moisture from batch to batch'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'variability' in WordNet: 1. (2) variability, variableness, variance - (the quality of being subject to variation)`
Super-classes	Changeability^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Variable^c

Variable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Variable`
Description	'Variable' is An AttributeValue of things that can change or be changed, or more commonly used, have a tendency to change spontaneously. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'variable' in WordNet: 1. (6) variable - (liable to or capable of change; 'rainfall in the tropics is notoriously variable'; 'variable winds'; 'variable expenses')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Fluky^c

VariableArityRelation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VariableArityRelation`
Description	The Class of Relations that do not have a fixed number of arguments.
Super-classes	Relation^c

VariableLengthMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VariableLengthMeasure`
Description	A ''VariableLengthMeasure'' is anattribute of ArtifactObjects whose ''LengthMeasure'' may be changed reversbly without hanging the nature of the Object. The functioning of the object may change depending on the length during some time or interval of use.
Super-classes	LengthMeasure^c

VariableQuantity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VariableQuantity`
Description	A ''VariablQuantity'' is a ''MathematicalQuantity''that may vary in value throughout some specific calculation, in contrast to a ''ConstantQuantity'' whose value does not vary. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'variable' in WordNet: 2. (2) variable, variable quantity - (a quantity that can assume any of a set of values)`
Super-classes	MathematicalQuantity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Variable^c

VariableThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VariableThing`
Description	Anything that can vary, or, more commonly, has a tendency to vary spontaneously. Something variable. `Includes noun senses 1,2, and 4 of 'variable' in WordNet: 1. (4) variable - (something that is likely to vary; something that is subject to variation; 'the weather is one variable to be considered') 2. (2) variable, variable quantity - (a quantity that can assume any of a set of values) 4. variable - (a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity)`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Variable^c
Sub-classes	Rheostat^c

Variance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Variance`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'variance' in WordNet: 3. variance - (the second moment around the mean; the expected value of the square of the deviations of a random variable from its mean value)`
Super-classes	MomentOfaDistribution^c

Variant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Variant`
Description	A ''Variant'' is an Object or Action or Specification (for an Object or Action) that is created (br a natural process or an Action) by copying parts (usually most) of a pre-exising Object or Action, but with some part(s). If doneintentionally, the purpose would usually be to improve that resulting Object or Action in some way, or perhaps as anexperiment. Broadly applicable to dramatic play ''Adaptation''s, revisions of documents or software, updating factual texts, or any thing that can be improved by changes to the design. NOTE that this does not include changes to a specific PhysicalObject, only changes that appear in modified copies of an Object or action, or changes to an abstract object that may be reflected in physical representations. For natural processes, the most salient ''Variant''s are ''Mutant''s. This is broadly applicable to Objects and Actions; a ''Copy'' is for objects only, so although there is some conceptual overlap ther is no subtype relation. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'variant' in WordNet: 4. version, variant, variation, edition - (something a little different from others of the same type; 'an experimental version of the night fighter'; 'a variant of the same word'; 'an emery wheel is the modern variation of a grindstone'; 'the boy is a younger edition of his father')
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Modification^c
Sub-classes	Version^c Mutant^c SpinOff^c

VariantSrain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VariantSrain`
Description	A ''VariantSrain'' is a (type of) ''Organism'' that is a ''Mutant'' with a dominant ''HereditaryTrait'' that can be inherited and is expressed in the line of such organisms that may form a species or subspeces. `NOTE: the 'hasCapability' restriction points to a ''HereditaryTrait'' that can be more specific for the phenotypic Traits of specific lines of ''Variant''s. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'variant' in WordNet: 2. form, variant, strain, var. - ((biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups; 'a new strain of microorganisms')`
Super-classes	Mutant^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value HereditaryTrait^c
Sub-classes	Pygmy^c

Variegated^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Variegated`
Description	''Variegated'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that has at least two different surface colors. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'variegated' in WordNet: 1. (1) varicolored, varicoloured, variegated - (having a variety of colors)`
Super-classes	Colored^c
Sub-classes	TwoToned^c RedAndWhiteStriped^c

Variety^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Variety`
Description	A 'Variety' is a Group of things that are 'Various' (diverse) in some attribute or type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'variety' in WordNet: 1. (23) assortment, mixture, mixed bag, miscellany, miscellanea, variety, salmagundi, smorgasbord, potpourri, motley - (a collection containing a variety of sorts of things; 'a great assortment of cars was on display'; 'he had a variety of disorders'; 'a veritable smorgasbord of religions')`
Super-classes	Group^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Various^c
Sub-classes	BuffetMeal^c Hodgepodge^c

Various^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Various

Description

'Various' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some Group (there should be more than 2) of entities that are independent of each other, not part of a common thing. This may apply to Objects or Events or to Attributes. Using this AttributeValue asserts that there are at least three individuals or types in the Group thus characterized.

    NOTE: sense 3 of 'various' is represented by  ''Divers''.

    Includes adjective senses 1 and 4 of 'various' and sense 2 of 'diverse' in WordNet:
      1. (47) assorted, various - (of many different kinds purposefully
         arranged but lacking any uniformity; 'assorted sizes'; 'his disguises
         are many and various'; 'various experiments have failed to disprove 
         the theory'; 'cited various reasons for his behavior')
      4. (2) versatile, various - (having great diversity or variety; 
       'his various achievements are impressive'; 'his vast and versatile erudition')

Super-classes Different^c

Variously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Variously

Description

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'variously' in WordNet:
         1. (2) variously, diversely, multifariously - (in diverse ways;
            'the alternatives that are variously represented by the participants'2; 
            'the speakers treated the subject most diversely')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Varmint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Varmint

Description

An undesirable predatory or scavenging WildAnimal such as a coyote or wolf, making itself a nuisance by endangering humans or their property, especially livestock. The regional word 'varmint' is used because there does not appear to be a more common single-word synonym.

      NOTE that the category 'Vermin' is somewhat similar, but is
      used for animals that can infest living quarters, and are therefore
      generally smaller than a 'Varmint'.

    Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'varmint' in WordNet:
      2. varmint, varment -
        (any usually predatory wild animal considered undesirable; e.g., coyote)

Super-classes Predator^c
UndesirableThing^c
Mammal^c
Quadruped^c
Vermin^c

Varnish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Varnish`
Description	A colorless form of ''Paint'' which dries to a clear and usually glossy coating, IT may be used as a sealant. `CYC: Clearish liquid applied to wood in order to seal and protect it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'varnish' in WordNet: 1. varnish - (paint that provides a hard glossy transparent coating)`
Super-classes	LiquidSuspension^c ArtificialSubstance^c Paint^c ConsumableProduct^c CoatingMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Colorless^c

Varnishing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Varnishing`
Description	Applying varnish to a piece of wood. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'varnish' in WordNet: 1. varnish, seal - (cover with varnish)`
Super-classes	ApplyingaFinish^c SingleDoerAction^c
Restrictions	hadThingTransferred^op value Varnish^c consumes^op value Varnish^c

Varsity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Varsity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'varsity' in WordNet: 2. varsity, first team - (a team representing a college or university)`
Super-classes	Team^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value RepresentingaSchool^c

Varying^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Varying

Description

''Varying'' is an attribute used to characterize things (objects, Events, Attributes) that can change while some salient participant in a situation remains constant. This can be one object varying in properties over time, or processes may vary in intensity over time, or a Group of things that may vary in some property within the Group. Very broad, and might use subtypes if observed usage suggests clear logical differentiation. 'variable stars' 'varying winds' 'descended to varying depths'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'varying' in Wordnet:
         1. (8) varying, variable - (marked by diversity or difference; 
           'the varying angles of roof slope'; 'nature is infinitely variable')

Super-classes Changing^c

VaryingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VaryingEvent`
Description	An Event in which some individual Entity changes a property that has remained constant for some interval of time, in particular by changing some property that is expected from past observation, including changing a property more than once in some interval of time. This is distinguished from the more general 'change' represented by the parent ''BecomingEvent''. To say that something 'varies' is commonly used to indicate a number of changes, but this type only requires that some property either (1) change to a different value after having remained constant for some significant period of time, or (2) change more than once in some TimeInterval. A single change from a norm is represented by the type ''Deviation'' which is a subEvent of this type. NOTE that when some property of an object or system changes first in one direction and then in some opposite direction, that is represented under the subtype ''Fluctating''. This is specifically for multiple changes over time, whether or not caused by or correlated with some variable (e.g. 'variable stars'). However, this does not include the sense of 'varying' with location, or prices varying with vendor (however, the price from one vendor varying over time is an instance), or some attribute varying from individual to individual - this sense is only for some attribute of an individual varying over time. This type includes parts of senses 1 and 3 of verb 'vary' and noun senses 1, 2, and 7 of 'variation' in WordNet, and includes both transitive and intransitive senses (which may be separated in a future revision): in WordNet: 1. (28) change, alter, vary - (make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; 'her mood changes in accordance with the weather'; 'The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season') 3. (7) vary - (be subject to change in accordance with a variable; 'Prices vary'; 'His moods vary depending on the weather') WN noun 'variation': 1. (29) variation, fluctuation - (an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change) 2. (9) variation, variance - (an activity that varies from a norm or standard; 'any variation in his routine was immediately reported') 7. variation - (the process of varying or being varied)
Super-classes	BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op some Deviation^c
Sub-classes	Fluctuating^c

VasDeferens^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VasDeferens

Description

CYC: The collection of all vas deferens vessels. An individual member of this collection is one of two #$AnatomicalVessels that transmit #$SpermCells from the #$Testicle to the #$EjaculatoryDuct (and #$SeminalVesicle) on the same side of the body in a male #$Vertebrate.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vas deferens' in WordNet:
          1. vas deferens, ductus deferens - (a duct 
              that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct)

Super-classes Duct^c
AnatomicalVessel^c

Vascular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vascular`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vascular' in Wordnet: 1. (3) vascular - (of or relating to or having vessels that conduct and circulate fluids; 'vascular constriction'; 'a vascular bundle')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

VascularPlant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VascularPlant`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vascular plant' in WordNet: 1. vascular plant, tracheophyte - (green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms)`
Super-classes	Plant^c TerrestrialOrganism^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value VascularTissue^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vascular^c
Sub-classes	Vine^c BulbousPlant^c AquaticPlant^c HerbPlant^c Spermatophyte^c DesertPlant^c WaterLily^c

VascularTissue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VascularTissue`
Description	A ''VascularTissue'' is a ''PlantTissue'' that conducts water from one part of a''Plant'' to another, as from the roots to the leaves. From Wikipedia: Xylem is the tissue in vascular plants which conducts water (and substances dissolved in it) upwards in a plant. There are two kinds of cell which are involved in the actual transport: tracheids and vessel elements. Vessel elements are the building blocks of vessels, which constitute the major part of the water transporting system in those plants in which they occur. Vessels form an efficient system for transporting water (including necessary minerals) from the root to the leaves and other parts of the plant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vascular tissue' in WordNet: 1. vascular tissue - (tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants)
Super-classes	PlantTissue^c
Sub-classes	Xylem^c

Vase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vase`
Description	A nearly cylindrical ''Jar'' (open top container) made of glass, ceramic, plastic, or metal (such as silverplate or stering silver) that usually has no cap (except for some cases of the subtype ''Urn''), and usually is intended to hold flowers that stick out above the top. `COSMO usage note; this type is a combination of 'vases' that can hold cut flowers, or contain some objects, such as a funerary urn. The large ornamental vases not designed or intended for or incapable of such use is an ''OrnamentalVase'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vase' in WordNet: 1. (12) vase - (an open jar of glass or porcelain used as an ornament or to hold flowers)`
Super-classes	Jar^c Holder^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ornamental^c
Sub-classes	FlowerVase^c Urn^c

Vasectomy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vasectomy`
Description	This operation is considered as a ''SterilizingAnAnimal'' - which may only be accurate if both Vas tubes are cut. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vasectomy' in WordNet: 1. vasectomy - (surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible)`
Super-classes	SterilizingAnAnimal^c CuttingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op value MalePerson^c hadObjectModified^op value VasDeferens^c

Vassal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vassal`
Description	A ''Vassal' is a ''Follower'' subject to a ''LiegeLord'' in the ''Feudalism'' System. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vassal' in WordNet: 1. vassal, liege, liegeman, liege subject, feudatory - (a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord)`
Super-classes	Follower^c
Restrictions	hasLeader^op value LiegeLord^c

Vastly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vastly

Description

''Vastly'' is smilar to ''Enormously'' in characterizing things that are extremely large or much more intense than others, but the terms 'vastly' and ''immensely' usually precede adjectives or comparatives of adjectives to modify their intensity by a large degree.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vastly' in Wordnet:
        1. (6) vastly, immensely - (to an exceedingly great extent or degree;
           'He had vastly overestimated his resources'; 'was immensely more important to
           the project as a scientist than as an administrator')

Super-classes Extremely^c

Vat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vat`
Description	A ''Vat'' is a large ''LiquidContainer'' that is usually open-topped but may have a removable or permanent cap. `in WordNet: 2. (1) tub, vat - (a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids)`
Super-classes	Tub^c
Sub-classes	ChemicalReactor^c

VaultedRoof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VaultedRoof`
Description	A ''VaultedRoof'' is a ''Roof'' is supported by arches made of ''Stone'', but is not a ''Dome''. `Impressive examples are found in ''Cathedral''s from medieval times to now. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vault' in WordNet: 3. vault - (an arched brick or stone ceiling or roof)`
Super-classes	Roof^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Stone^c

Veal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Veal`
Description	CYC: Meat from young domestic cattle. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veal' in WordNet: 1. veal, veau - (meat from a calf)`
Super-classes	Meat^c
Restrictions	isTheMeatOf^op value Calf^c

Vector-Precise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vector-Precise

Description

A specialization of #$VectorInterval. An instance VECTOR of #$VectorInterval is also an instance of #$Vector-Precise just in case both the direction and magnitude of VECTOR are single values, rather than ranges of values. One example of a #$Vector-Precise is '5 feet due West'. An important specialization of #$Vector-Precise is #$UnitVector-Precise.

          Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vector' in WordNet:
            2. vector - (a straight line segment whose length is magnitude
               and whose orientation in space is direction)

Super-classes VectorInterval^c

VectorInterval^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VectorInterval`
Description	A specialization of #$NTupleOfIntervals. Each instance of #$VectorInterval is an n-tuple of intervals (where n > 1), one of which is a direction. Like the instances of #$ScalarInterval, the intervals in an instance of #$VectorInterval may be point-valued or cover a range of values. The minimal interval (i.e., point-valued) type of vector interval is exemplified by a vector such as '10' meters due east'. Vectors may also cover a range of values; e.g., 'at least 10 feet away and in a horizontal direction'; 'between ten to twelve miles NNW'.
Super-classes	Quantity-Vector^c
Sub-classes	VelocityVector^c Vector-Precise^c

VectorOverGround^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VectorOverGround`
Description	A vector which represents the speed of an object and the direction, with the direction constrained to be confined to the Earth's geoid, i.e. within the two-dimensional plane defined by the Earth's surface. One component of the VectorOverGround will be the SpeedOverGround, which see..
Super-classes	VelocityVector^c

Veering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Veering`
Description	A ''Veering'' is a ''ChangingDirectionOfMotion'' that is both a large change or is performed more suddenly or more quickly than is typical. 'The car veered off the highway into a ditch.' This is intransitive, performed by the moving object. `NOTE: 'trend' is a slow change of direction, not part of this type; omitted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'veer' in WordNet: 1. (8) swerve, sheer, curve, trend, veer, slue, slew, cut - (turn sharply; change direction abruptly; 'The car cut to the left at the intersection'; 'The motorbike veered to the right')`
Super-classes	ChangingDirectionOfMotion^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some MovingThing^c hadChangedEntity^op some DirectionMeasure^c

Vegan^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vegan

Description

CYC: The collection of #$Person that subscribe to #$VeganBeliefs.

       NOTE: (not necessarily from the star ''Vega''.)

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegan' in WordNet:
          1. vegan - (a strict vegetarian; someone who eats no animal or dairy products at all)

Super-classes Vegetarian^c

Vegetable-Food^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vegetable-Food`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$FoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$Vegetable-Food is a foodstuff which is derived from a plant and is ordinarily considered a vegetable; e.g., a carrot (an instance of #$Carrot-Foodstuff), a potato (an instance of #$Potato-Foodstuff), a lima bean (an instance of #$Bean-Foodstuff), or a tomato (an instance of #$Tomato-Foodstuff). Note that #$Vegetable-Food includes certain plant parts, such as tomatoes, that are technically classified as fruits by botanists, but which are treated as vegetables in food classification. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'vegetable' in WordNet; this is a substance, not an Object, and only the component of the WordNet sense meaning 'foodstuff made of Vetegable matter' is included: in WordNet: 1. (5) vegetable, veggie - (edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant)`
Super-classes	KosherFood^c FruitAndVegetableFood^c SolidFood^c
Sub-classes	BeetStuff^c CruciferousVegetable^c Peas^c Spinach^c Shallots^c Cabbage-Foodstuff^c RootVegetable^c Carrots-Foodstuff^c Celery-Foodstuff^c JulennedVegetable^c Zucchini-Foodstuff^c ParsnipRoot^c Onions^c CucumberStuff^c Lettuce-Foodstuff^c Beans^c Pumpkin-Foodstuff^c Potato-Foodstuff^c BeanStuff^c

Vegetable-Plant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vegetable-Plant`
Description	A specialization of #$Plant-NonWoody: a collection of plants that play a special role in human nutrition. Each instance of #$Vegetable-Plant is a plant that produces the edible things that we normally call 'vegetables' (which can include fruits, seeds, stalks, leaves, or other parts, or even the whole plant). For that which we normally call 'cereals', however, see #$CerealPlant. #$Vegetable-Plants grow and produce the vegetables that are eaten; vegetable plants are not necessarily also instances of #$Food. See #$Vegetable-Food for the collection of vegetables - plants or (more usually) plant parts--that are eaten by humans. `See 'vegetable-Food' for the foodstuff derived from 'Vegetale-Plant' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vegetable' in WordNet: 2. vegetable - (any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower)`
Super-classes	Plant-NonWoody^c
Sub-classes	PeaPlant^c SpinachPlant^c LicoricePlant^c PepperPlant^c LettucePlant^c OnionPlant^c RadishPlant^c GourdPlant^c SoybeanPlant^c TomatoPlant^c ArtichokePlant^c BarleyPlant^c BeetPlant^c ParsnipPlant^c LeekPlant^c CornPlant^c CabbagePlant^c CeleryPlant^c

VegetableFoodObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VegetableFoodObject`
Description	A ''VegetableFoodObject'' is a SolidFoodObject consisting mostly of ''Vegetable-Food''.
Super-classes	FruitOrVegetableObject^c MoistObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Vegetable-Food^c
Sub-classes	Turnip^c AsparagusSpear^c Beet^c Carrot^c SolanaceousVegetable^c Artichoke^c Radish^c

VegetableMatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VegetableMatter`
Description	A specialization of both #$NaturalTangibleStuff and #$OrganicStuff. Each instance of #$VegetableMatter is a piece of stuff (solid, liquid, or, improbably but conceivably, gaseous) which is a piece of vegetable material. Important specializations of #$VegetableMatter include #$Plant and #$PlantProduct. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegetable matter' in WordNet: 1. vegetable matter - (matter produced by plants or growing in the manner of a plant)`
Super-classes	NaturalTangibleStuff^c OrganicSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Spice^c Mulch^c TurnipStuff^c Hay^c Wheat-Foodstuff^c Rice-Foodstuff^c FruitAndVegetableFood^c Wood^c Peat^c Peat-Dried^c

VegetableOil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VegetableOil`
Description	WordNet: sense 3 of 'oil': in WordNet: 3. vegetable oil, oil - (any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants)
Super-classes	Oil^c PlantProduct^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c isDerivedFrom^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	PeanutOil^c PalmOil^c CastorOil^c CoconutOil^c LinseedOil^c SoybeanOil^c OliveOil^c

Vegetarian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vegetarian`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegetarian' in WordNet: 1. vegetarian - (eater of fruits and grains and nuts; someone who eats no meat or fish or (often) any animal products)`
Super-classes	Animal^c
Restrictions	doesNotPerformAction^op value EatingMeat^c feedsOn^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	Herbivore^c Vegan^c

VegetarianCuisine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VegetarianCuisine`
Description	a type of cuisine which includes plant products, and usually dairy products and eggs, but no animal flesh.
Super-classes	PreferredThing^c Food^c Cuisine^c

VegetarianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VegetarianPerson`
Description	CYC 'Vegetarian': The collection of all believers in #$VegetarianBeliefs. The subtype that eats no animal products is represented as ''Vegan''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegetarian' in WordNet: 1. vegetarian - (eater of fruits and grains and nuts; someone who eats no meat or fish or (often) any animal products)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value VegetarianCuisine^c isTheSubjectOfState^op value PreferringVegetarianCuisine^c

Vegetation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vegetation`
Description	Each instance of ''Vegetation'' is a subgroup of 'LivingThings' that are all ''Plant''s. This is usually used to refer to the plants in some specific GeographicalArea, but is not restricted in type. This is alwas used for Plants growing outdoors, but that restriction is not included here. One can have ''vegetation' in a grenhouse,and some mice and animal life as well. If necessary this can be made distinct from indoor plants. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegetation' in WordNet: 1. (2) vegetation, flora, botany - (all the plant life in a particular region or period; 'Pleistocene vegetation'; 'the flora of southern California'; 'the botany of China')`
Super-classes	LivingThings^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Plant^c
Sub-classes	Thicket^c

Vegetative^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vegetative

Description

An attribute that specifies that an animal is vegetative, which is categorized here as a more profound state of being unconscious, which also implies that the animal is alive, but not likely to regain consciousness. Meaningful only when asserted at a particular time.

  Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vegetative' in WordNet:
    2. vegetative - (relating to involuntary bodily functions; 
    'vegetative functions such as digestion or growth or circulation')

Super-classes Unconscious^c

Vehemently^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vehemently

Description

''Vehemently'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' indicating that the action characterized was performed in a (emotionally) ''Fierce'' manner.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vehemently' in WordNet:
         1. vehemently - (in a vehement manner; 'he vehemently denied the accusations against him')
      WN adv 'fiercely':
       2. fiercely - (in an emotionally fierce manner; 'she was fiercely proud of her children')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

VehicleBrake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleBrake`
Description	SUMO: A VehicleController which is capable of stopping the motion of a Vehicle. This is often mechanical, but may be electronic, as in a 'fly by wire' airplane. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brake' in Wordnet: 1. (2) brake - (a restraint used to slow or stop a vehicle)`
Super-classes	VehicleController^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value SlowingDownaVehicle^c
Sub-classes	BrakeSystem^c

VehicleCollision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleCollision`
Description	A 'VehicleCollision' is a CrashingEvent in which at least one 'TransportationDevice-Vehicle' collides with another PhysicalObject and is damaged due to the Event. This includes all kinds of vehices, land, sea, and air. This is one instance of InsuredEventType.
Super-classes	CrashingEvent^c

VehicleController^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleController`
Description	SUMO: Any Device which is used to start, stop or control the movements of a Vehicle. This class covers steering wheels, brakes, acceleration pedals, airplane sticks, etc..
Super-classes	ControlDevice^c
Restrictions	controls^op some (TransportationDeviceType^c or TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c)
Sub-classes	Tiller^c Helm^c SteeringDevice^c AutomaticVehicleController^c Rudder^c HandleBar^c VehicleBrake^c SteeringWheel^c

VehicleFuel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleFuel`
Description	A PhysicalSubstance that can be used to power a vehicle. This is in 2008 usually gasoline, but diesel fuel, alcohol, and even hydrogen is now being used to power vehicles, and all such liquid or gaseous fuels that can be used in an internal combustion engine are included in this type. Solid fuels such as coal or wood, though usable in some steam-powered vessels and even possibly in road vehicles, are excluded from this type.
Super-classes	FluidSubstance^c Fuel^c
Sub-classes	Gasoline^c DieselFuel^c

VehicleMirror^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleMirror`
Description	`Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'car mirror' in WordNet: 1. car mirror - (a mirror that the driver of a car can use)`
Super-classes	Mirror^c
Restrictions	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value RoadVehicle^c

VehiclePart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehiclePart`
Description	A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$VehiclePart is a device that is typically a proper part of a vehicle, or is intended to be used as a proper part of a vehicle.
Super-classes	PartOfanArtifact^c Device^c ArtifactObject^c HumanScaleObject^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	Odometer^c RunningBoard^c Tire^c Dashboard^c VehicleTransmisson^c TrunkOfCar^c VehicleWindow^c Tachometer^c CarHood^c Muffler^c Bumper^c MotorcycleEngine^c SafetySeatBelt^c AutomaticVehicleController^c Carburetor^c HandleBar^c AutoPart^c Fender^c AirplanePart^c

VehicleQueue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleQueue`
Description	A ''VehicleQueue'' is a group of ''RoadVehicle''s lined up to do something in sequence - a waiting list. This is a PhysicalObject - the Group of ''RoadVehicle''s, not something abstract. `Corresponds to part(for ''RoadVehicle''s) of noun sense 1 of 'queue' in WordNet: 1. queue, waiting line - (a line of people or vehicles waiting for something)`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c PhysicalSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only RoadVehicle^c

VehicleRegistrationDocument^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleRegistrationDocument

Description

A ''VehicleRegistrationDocument'' is the printed Document that a vehicle has been granted permission to use the public roadways.

  Corresponds to part (for vehicles) of noun sense 3 of 'registration' in WordNet:
    3. registration - (a document certifying an act of registering)

Super-classes Document-Physical^c
LegalDocument^c
CertificateDocument^c

VehicleRepairFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleRepairFacility`
Description	A 'RepairFacility' where vehicles (cars, trucks) are repaired. The organiation maintaining the facility may be commercial or not, and the repair facility may be in-house or open to the public.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'garage' inWordNet: in WordNet: 2. garage, service department - (a repair shop where cars and trucks are serviced and repaired)`
Super-classes	SpaceInAHOC^c ServiceStation^c RepairFacility^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value RepairingMotorVehicles^c

VehicleStorageConstruct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleStorageConstruct`
Description	Any structure designed for (not necessarily exclusively) the storage of vehicles.
Super-classes	StorageConstruct^c HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c FixedStructure^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c
Sub-classes	Garage-Household^c ParkingLot^c Firehouse^c

VehicleTrack^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleTrack

Description

A ''Belt-mechanical'' of metal links that support part or all of a vehicle such as a tractor or military ''Tank'', providing traction on unpaved surfaces.

       CYC: ('VehicleTrack-Device'): The collection of all instances of
        #$Belt-Mechanical that are the defining  feature of
        #$TrackedVehicles.  On such  vehicles, each (there are
        usually two)   #$VehicleTrack-Device   is strapped around a
        series of   #$LandTransportationWheels.  The #$Wheels
        turn, and the vehicle rolls   along the tracks (instead of #$Tires).

        Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'track' in WordNet:
          6. track, caterpillar track, caterpillar tread - (an endless 
            metal belt on which tracked vehicles move over the ground)

Super-classes Belt-Mechanical^c

VehicleTransmisson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleTransmisson`
Description	A ''VehicleTransmisson'' is part of a motor vehicle that coveys the rotating force from the motor to the tires or the rods that connect to the tires. `Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'transmission' in WordNet: 5. transmission, transmission system - (the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle)`
Super-classes	VehiclePart^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value ToothedWheel^c

VehicleWindow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicleWindow`
Description	SUMO: Any Window which is part of a Vehicle, e.g. the Windshield and RearWindow of an Automobile. Not just the opening, this is the glass and any part of the window not part of the frame. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 6 of 'window' in WordNet: 6. windowpane, window - (a pane of glass in a window; 'the ball shattered the window')`
Super-classes	VehiclePart^c Window^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c isaSmallPartOf^op some (TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c or TransportationDeviceType^c)
Sub-classes	AutomobileWindow^c Windshield^c

VehicularTraffic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VehicularTraffic`
Description	''VehicularTraffic'' is a form of traffic on a ''Roadway'' in which a 'RoadVehicle'' transports people and any associated cargo.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vehicular traffic' in WordNet: 1. vehicular traffic, vehicle traffic - (the aggregation of vehicles coming and going in a particular locality)`
Super-classes	Traffic^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value Roadway^c isPerformedBy^op value RoadVehicle^c
Sub-classes	TruckTraffic^c

Veil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Veil`
Description	A ''Veil'' is an item of ''HeadWear'' worn mostly by women, that covers the head and face. Some ''Veil''s such as a bridal veil are designed to allow the face covering to be pulled back, exposing the face. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veil' in WordNet: 1. (2) head covering, veil - (a garment that covers the head and face)`
Super-classes	HeadWear^c Garment^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Head^c isDesignedToCover^op value Face^c
Sub-classes	FaceVeil^c

Veiled^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Veiled

Description

''Veiled'' is a property of ''PhysicalObject''s that have been concealed to some extent by a ''Veil'' as a result of a VeilingSomething'' Action.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'veiled' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) veiled - (having or as if having a veil or concealing cover;
           'a veiled dancer'; 'a veiled hat'; 'veiled threats'; 'veiled insults')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

VeilingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeilingSomething`
Description	''VeilingSomething'' is a Action in which someone uses a 'Veil' to conceal some Object or part of an object, to some extent. NOTE that a ''Veil'' may notcompletely hide an object, as with some 'bridal veils' that are semi-transparent so that the Bride's face can be party seen, and she can see through it though not with unveiled clarity. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'veil' in Wordnet: 1. (5) veil - (to obscure, or conceal with or as if with a veil; 'women in Afghanistan veil their faces')`
Super-classes	HidingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Veiled^c usedDevice^op value Veil^c

Vein^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vein

Description

Tubular, branching vessel which carries blood to the heart from the body.

        SUMO: Any BloodVessel which transfers Blood from 
         the extremities of the body to the Heart.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vein' in Wordnet:
           1. (8) vein, vena, venous blood vessel - (a blood vessel that carries blood
           from the capillaries toward the heart; 'all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood')

Super-classes BloodVessel^c

VelocityVector^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VelocityVector`
Description	CYC: A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each element of #$VelocityVector represents both the linear speed and the direction of motion of some tangible object. Indicate a particular object's #$VelocityVector with the predicate #$velocityOfObject. `In COSMO a VelocityVector consists of the OrderedPair 'SpeedMeasure' and 'Direction'.`
Super-classes	VectorInterval^c OrderedPair^c
Restrictions	hasFirstElement^op some SpeedMeasure^c hasSecondElement^op some DirectionMeasure^c
Sub-classes	VectorOverGround^c

Velvet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Velvet`
Description	''Velvet'' is a ''FlockedFabric'' with a deep 'pile'. Compare ''Velveteen''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'velvet' in WordNet: 1. (2) velvet - (a silky densely piled fabric with a plain back)`
Super-classes	FlockedFabric^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flocked^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Velvety^c

Velveteen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Velveteen

Description

''Velvet'' is a ''FlockedFabric'' with a 'pile' shorter than that of ''Velvet''.. Compare ''Velvet''.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'velveteen' in WordNet:
           1. velveteen - (a usually cotton fabric with a short pile imitating velvet)

Super-classes FlockedFabric^c

Velvety^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Velvety

Description

To be ''Velvety'' is to reflect light like a ''Silky'' object, and to be ''Soft'' due to a surface layer of short 'fibers' in a 'pile'.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'velvety' in WordNet:
           1. (3) velvet, velvety, velvet-textured - (smooth and soft to sight or hearing or touch or taste)
           2. velvet, velvety - (resembling velvet in having a smooth soft surface)

Super-classes Silky^c
Soft^c

VendingMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VendingMachine`
Description	Any machine into which you can put coins or bills , and out comes food! soda! pamphlets! and perhaps some change. This does not include ATM machines or change-making machines; they will have a common genls with #$VendingMachine. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vending machine' in WordNet: 1. (4) vending machine - (a slot machine for selling goods)`
Super-classes	StorageEntity^c MechanicalDevice^c PoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Merchandise^c

Vendor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vendor`
Description	A ''Vendor'' (synonym 'Seller') is an agent that sells something - goods or services - to another agent, whether an individual or a Business. This type includes individuals, groups, organizations - any IntelligentAgent. `The WOrdNet sense seems to indicate one who habitually sells, but this type can be applied to the agent of a single ''Sellng'' event. CYC: The collection of all #$LegalAgents who specialize in selling at least one type of #$Product at the wholesale or retail level. Both goods and services are included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vendor' and sense 1 of 'seller' in WordNet: 1. (2) seller, marketer, vender, vendor, trafficker - (someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money)`
Super-classes	LegalAgent^c Role^c IntelligentAgent^c
Restrictions	hasConverseCorrelatedAgent^op some (AgentType^c or LegalAgent^c or AgentType^c or Buyer^c) wasTheAgentInAction^op value Selling^c wasaVendorTo^op some (AgentType^c or LegalAgent^c or AgentType^c or Buyer^c) performsAction^op value Selling^c
Sub-classes	Peddler^c SalesPerson^c Supplier^c SellingOrganization^c TicketAgent^c

Veneer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Veneer`
Description	A ''Veneer'' is a flat ''WoodenObject'' that is a ''SurfaceOfaHardObject'' where the ''HardObject'' is a ''FurniturePiece'', usually also made of Wood. This is typically used to take advntage of the appearance of the ''Veneer'' without making the entire piece of the same expensive material. `1. veneer, veneering - (coating consisting of a thin layer of superior wood glued to a base of inferior wood)`
Super-classes	FurniturePart^c SurfaceOfaHardObject^c WoodenObject^c
Restrictions	isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value FurniturePiece^c

Venerable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venerable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'venerable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) venerable - (impressive by reason of age; 'a venerable sage with white hair and beard')`
Super-classes	Impressive^c Elderly^c

Venerating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venerating`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'venerate' in WordNet: 1. (1) reverence, fear, revere, venerate - (regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of; 'Fear God as your father'; 'We venerate genius')`
Super-classes	EsteemingSomeone^c
Restrictions	hasDirectObject^op value ReligiousFigure^c

VenerealDisease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VenerealDisease`
Description	In CYC 'SexuallyTransmittedInfection'. `RHW 'dose': 5. Slang. a case of gonorrhea or syphilis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'venereal disease' in WordNet: 1. venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease, Venus's curse, sexually transmitted disease, dose - (a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact)`
Super-classes	ContagiousDisease^c
Sub-classes	Syphilis^c Gonorrhea^c

Venetian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venetian`
Description	''Venetian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the city of ''Venice'' in Italy or to things made in Venice ('Venetian Glass') or to people who come from or live in Venice.
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

VenetianPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VenetianPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Venetian' in WordNet: 1. Venetian - (a resident of Venice)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venice^c residesIn^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venice^c

Venezuelan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venezuelan`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Venezuelan' in Wordnet: 1. Venezuelan - (of or relating to or characteristic of Venezuela or its people; 'Venezuelan oil')`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c

VenezuelanPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VenezuelanPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Venezuelan' in WordNet: 1. Venezuelan - (a native or inhabitant of Venezuela)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	isaNativeOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venezuela^c

Venison^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venison`
Description	''Venison'' is a ''GameMeat'' derived from a ''Deer''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'venison' in WordNet: 1. venison - (meat from a deer used as food)`
Super-classes	GameMeat^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Deer^c

Venom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venom`
Description	A BiologicalSubstance produced by an Animal that has some degree of oxic effect on other animals. It is usually produced as a means of protection or for disabling prey. `Corresponds to sense of 'venom' in WordNet: 1. venom - (toxin secreted by animals; secreted by certain snakes and poisonous insects (e.g., spiders and scorpions))`
Super-classes	Secretion-Bodily^c BiologicallyActiveSubstance^c ToxicSubstance^c Toxin^c OrganicSubstance^c
Restrictions	isProducedNaturallyBy^op some BeastType^c

Venomous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venomous

Description

An AttributeValue of animals or plants that contain and can deliver Poisons (toxic substances) to other animals.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'venomous' in WordNet,
       the term 'poisonous' is also used in this sense, but that sense does
       not appear in Wordnet:
      1. deadly, venomous, virulent - (extremely poisonous or injurious; 
         producing venom; 'venomous snakes'; 'a virulent insect bite')

Super-classes Harmful^c

VenomousAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VenomousAnimal`
Description	CYC: The collection of all venom-secreting animals.
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Venom^c
Sub-classes	Jellyfish^c Spider^c Scorpion^c Wasp^c VenomousSnake^c Centipede^c Bee^c Toad^c

VenomousSnake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VenomousSnake`
Description	CYC: The collection of venomous snakes (e.g. #$Cobra)
Super-classes	Snake^c VenomousAnimal^c
Restrictions	naturallyProduces^op value Venom^c
Sub-classes	CoralSnake^c Cobra^c Viper^c

Ventilated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ventilated

Description

A room can be ''Ventilated'' by opening windows or passing forced Air into it. An outdoor place or porch open to the air is by default ''Ventilated'', unless there are all structures or plants around it that prevent breezes from entering.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'defeated' in Wordnet:
        1. defeated - (beaten or overcome; not victorious; 'the defeated enemy')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Ventilating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ventilating`
Description	Each ''Ventilating'' is an Action in which an Agent causes '''Air'' to pass from the outside Atmosphere into the interior of some Structure(s). In general, this also involves moving the air inside to the outside, but that can be accomplished passively without providing a specific path or conduit for the purpose, so this type only includes the transfer of ''Air'' from the atmosphere to some inside location (including a mine or other underground location). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ventilation' and parts of verb senses 1, 3, and 5 of 'ventilate' in WordNet: 1. (3) ventilation, airing - (the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air) WN verb 'ventilate': 1. (1) vent, ventilate, air out, air - (expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen; 'air the old winter clothes'; 'air out the smoke-filled rooms') 3. ventilate - (circulate through and freshen; 'The gust of air ventilated the room') 5. ventilate - (furnish with an opening to allow air to circulate or gas to escape; 'The architect did not think about ventilating the storage space')
Super-classes	DispensingSomething^c FluidFlowEvent^c
Restrictions	hasObjectMoved^op value AirObject^c hasThingPassed^op value InsideLocation^c hadObjectMoved^op value AirObject^c hasEndingPlace^op only (InsideLocation^c or Building^c or UndergroundLocation^c or LocationType^c) hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value ReplacingAir^c hadThingAffected^op value Air^c caused^op value ReplacingAir^c alwaysCauses^op value ReplacingAir^c hadChangedEntity^op value Air^c hasEndingSubEvent^op value ReplacingAir^c hadMainParticipant^op value Air^c hasThingPassedThrough^op value InsideLocation^c hasStartingPlace^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c hadThingTransferred^op value Air^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VentilatingTheCapitol

VentingAnger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VentingAnger`
Description	''VentingAnger'' is a form of ''ExpressingEmotion'' in which the Emotion is''Anger'' and at least part of the ''VentingAnger'' Action is ''Speaking''. `NOTE: ''ExpressingApproval'' is a separate concept. this is for expressing ''Anger''. The degree of enthusiasm of emotionality in the expression may vary a lot. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'vent' in WordNet: 1. (3) vent, ventilate, give vent - (give expression or utterance to; 'She vented her anger'; 'The graduates gave vent to cheers')`
Super-classes	ExpressingEmotion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Visible^c hasSubEvent^op value Speaking^c expressesMentalState^op value Anger^c

VentingaFluid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VentingaFluid`
Description	''VentingaFluid'' is an Action in which an Agent (which could be an automaton) opens a valve to permit some quantity of a liquid or a pressurized gas to exit the container holding it. The Fluid vented is not retained, but is allowed to escape into the atmosphere (if a gas) or some drain or the ground (if a liquid). `No WN sense of 'vent' represents this. RHW 'vent': 11. to release or discharge (liquid, smoke, etc.).`
Super-classes	ReleasingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op some (FluidObject^c or FluidType^c) allowsOrAssists^op some EmittingAnObject^c

VentralFin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VentralFin`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ventral fin' in WordNet: 1. pelvic fin, ventral fin - (either of a pair of fins attached to the pelvic girdle in fishes that help control the direction of movement; correspond to hind limbs of a land vertebrate)`
Super-classes	Fin^c
Restrictions	controls^op value DirectionOfMotion^c

Venture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venture`
Description	A Project that is newly begun to explore some specific possibilities - nonprofit or commercial. Includes all 3 noun senses of 'venture' and sense 1 of 'undertaking'in WordNet: 1. (3) venture - (any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome) 2. (2) speculation, venture - (an investment that is very risky but could yield great profits; 'he knew the stock was a speculation when he bought it') 3. (1) venture - (a commercial undertaking that risks a loss but promises a profit) WN 'undertaking': 1. (23) undertaking, project, task, labor - (any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted; 'he prepared for great undertakings')
Super-classes	Project^c
Sub-classes	BusinessVenture^c

Venue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Venue`
Description	A ''Venue'' is a 'SceneOfEvent' in which the ''Event'' is a ''SocialGathering'' (usually a meeting or performance). `CYC 'locale': : A place at which there is or once was human activity; it does not include populated places, mines, and dams. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'venue' in WordNet; any 'scene of an event that is not a SocialGathering can be represented in the parent type ''SceneOfEvent'': in WordNet: 1. venue, locale, locus - (the scene of any event or action (especially the place of a meeting))`
Super-classes	SceneOfEvent^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op some HumanActivity^c wasTheLocationOf^op some SocialGathering^c

VenusFlyTrap^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VenusFlyTrap

Description

    RHW: Venus's fly-trap
      a carnivorous plant, Dionaea muscipula, native to bogs 
        of North and South Carolina, having roundish leaves with
        two lobes that close like a trap when certain delicate hairs on them
        are irritated, as by a fly: the range is now reduced, 
        though the plants are still locally abundant.


        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'venus's flytrap' in WordNet:
          1. Venus's flytrap, Venus's flytraps, Dionaea muscipula - 
            (carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive 
            hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects)

Super-classes Plant-NonWoody^c
Insectivore^c
Species^c

Veranda^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Veranda`
Description	A ''Veranda'' is a type of ''Porch'' that is mostly open, with few if any wall-like sides other than the ''Residence'' to which it is attached.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veranda' in WordNet: 1. (4) veranda, verandah, gallery - (a porch along the outside of a building (sometimes partly enclosed))`
Super-classes	Porch^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value Residence^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Elevated^c

Verb^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verb`
Description	One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Processes. Each instance of this category is a verb. The different tensed forms are categorized in subtypes of this type. `Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'Verb' in WordNet: 1. (6) verb - (a word that serves as the predicate of a sentence) 2. (5) verb - (a content word that denotes an action or a state)`
Super-classes	Word^c
Sub-classes	VerbInf^c VerbPlur^c VerbPast^c Verb3s^c AuxVerb^c TransitiveVerb^c Verb1s^c Participle^c Verb2s^c
In domain of	hasInfinitiveForm^op

Verb1s^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verb1s`
Description	Each instance of this category is a verb in the first person singular form.
Super-classes	Verb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#am

Verb2s^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verb2s`
Description	Each instance of this category is a verb in the second person singular form.
Super-classes	Verb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#are

Verb3s^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verb3s`
Description	Each instance of this category is a verb in the third person singular form.
Super-classes	Verb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#is-verb http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#was

VerbInf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbInf`
Description	Each instance of this category is a verb in the infinitive form.
Super-classes	Verb^c
In range of	hasInfinitiveForm^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#may-possible http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#shall http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#can-possible http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#must-aux http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#should http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#be http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#will

VerbPast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbPast`
Description	Each instance of this category is a verb in the past tense.
Super-classes	Verb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#might http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#was

VerbPhrase^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbPhrase`
Description	A Phrase that has the same function as a Verb. This is the second part of a text sentence, the first part being the subject. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verb phrase' and sense 2 of 'predicate' in WordNet: 1. predicate, verb phrase - (one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements) WN noun 'predicate': 2. predicate, verb phrase - (one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements)`
Super-classes	GrammaticalStructure^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op value PredicatePhrase^c

VerbPlur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbPlur`
Description	Each instance of this category is a verb in the first person plural form.
Super-classes	Verb^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#are

VerbSpecificParticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbSpecificParticle`
Description	A VerbSpecificParticle is a particle that is used in conjunction with some specific verb or verbs. This class allows one to record in the ontology the use of particle information for specific verbs. To specify more detail, individual subclasses of this class may serve to collect particles for specific verbs, such as a class 'Clean2-Particle' which could collect all particles used with a specific sense of the verb 'clean'.
Super-classes	ParticleWord^c
In domain of	isaParticleForVerb^dp

Verbal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verbal

Description

''Verbal'' refers to Speech, ''Speaking''. and ''SpokenCommunicating''. This contrasts with ''Written'' or signed information transfer.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'verbal' in WordNet:
           1. (5) verbal - (communicated in the form of words;
               'verbal imagery'; 'a verbal protest')
           2. (3) verbal - (of or relating to or formed from words in general;
               'verbal ability')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Verbal-Grammatic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verbal-Grammatic

Description

''Verbal-Grammatic'' refers to a ''Verb'' andits roperrtie.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'verbal' in WordNet:
         3. verbal - (of or relating to or formed from a verb; 
         'verbal adjectives like 'running' in 'hot and cold running water'')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

VerbalArguingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbalArguingEvent`
Description	A VerbalArguingEvent is a conflict between two or more IntelligentAgents concerning some issue, which may be of little consequence, such as who is the best quarterback, matters of subjective judgment, or who should perform some minor task. An altercation or debate. . However, this conflict type is strictly verbal and does not include conflicts where issues of monetary value or significant results are decided. If the conflict involves deciding who has legal rights, or escalates to a legal contest, that becomes a 'DisputeEvent'. Includes noun sense2 1 of 'quarrel', part of sense 2 of 'argument' and sense 1 of 'altercation' and verb sense 2 of 'argue' in WordNet; 'altercation' could be a subtype - 'noisy argument': in WordNet: 1. (2) quarrel, wrangle, row, words, run-in, dustup - (an angry dispute; 'they had a quarrel'; 'they had words') WN 'argument': 2. (21) controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt, argument, arguing - (a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement; 'they were involved in a violent argument') WN 'altercation': 1. (5) affray, altercation, fracas - (noisy quarrel) WN verb 'argue': 2. (17) argue, contend, debate, fence - (have an argument about something) WN verb 'quarrel': 1. (11) quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate - (have a disagreement over something; 'We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America'; 'These two fellows are always scrapping over something')
Super-classes	OralConversation^c ConflictEvent^c
Restrictions	mentalSituationWasCausedBy^op some DisagreementEvent^c
Sub-classes	Bickering^c

VerbalImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbalImage`
Description	A ''VerbalImage'' is a 'LinguisticDescription' that produces a mental image of something - Object or Event.
Super-classes	LinguisticDescription^c AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	depictsObject^op some owl:Thing^c isProducedByEventType^op some DepictingInWords^c
Sub-classes	WordPicture^c

VerbalInstructions^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbalInstructions`
Description	A ''VerbalInstructions''is a ''Speaking'' in which the speaker gives directions (instructions) on what to do or how to do it, for some task, whether physical or mental. For directions on how to get to a Place, use 'DirectionsToaPlace'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instruction' in WordNet: 1. (11) direction, instruction - (a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them")`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Instructions^c
Sub-classes	Tutorial^c

VerbalProbability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbalProbability`
Description	Each 'VerbalProbability' is a 'Probability' expressed by some word or term that specifies a range of probability values (from 0 to 1) that may apply to some assertion, situation, or anything that can be assigned a probability. NOTE that the limit restrictions are on 'instances' of 'VerbalProbability', but the class name itself is the value for the probability relation, so these limits are as of now (v1041) only for information, they will not figure in the reasoning. NOTE: ''VerbalProbability''s have a range of levels. The subtypes under ''Possibility'' are intended to representspecific ranges of quantitative likelihoodfrom 0.0 to 1.0. The subtypes of ''Possible'' are vaguer and depend on the believer and the context.. VerbalProbability Possibility Impossible LogicallyContradictory Possible *PhysicallyPossible Probable *Certain Uncertain *Debatable *Controversial Doubtful *So-called *Unlikely ****VeryUnlkely
Super-classes	VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Impossible^c Possibility^c Possible^c

VerbalQuantifier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbalQuantifier`
Description	A VerbalQuantifier is a word or phrase expressing quantity in other than numerical terms. 'Once' 'twice', 'again' 'one more time' are quantifiers for events. `NOTE that this is set as an Instance of ''AttributeValueType'' which fudges the boundary between quantifiers and attributes but seems to make sense. For the numbers that are used to express quantities of things, such as 'two people', instance of the type 'NumericalFunction' are used as functions to take a singular or plural entity and return a Group that has that number of such entities in it. This is a placeholder FOL function, not calculable using OWL logic.`
Super-classes	Quantifier^c
Sub-classes	En-Typesetting^c Untold^c ApproximateQuantity^c ComparativeMagnitude^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#some http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Only Extravagant http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Little http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#the http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#a http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryLittle http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#None Excessive http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Thrice http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Many http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#All http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#an LotsOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlotOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#almost_all Exorbitant http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multiplex Overfull Each http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#most http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Three_times http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Twice http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Four_times http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Once

VerbalQuantitativeAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerbalQuantitativeAttribute`
Description	A 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' is an AttributeValue for some AttributeType which expresses magnitude, but not using numerical measures
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Overfull^c Double^c VerbalProbability^c Maximum^c Extravagant^c LotsOf^c Each^c Excessive^c AlcoholContent^c Exorbitant^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Fewer http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sevenfold http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Only http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ninefold http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quintuple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Single http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multiple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Many http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Quadruple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AlotOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sixfold http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Multiplex http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Octuple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ABitOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Few http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#aNumberOf http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#any http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Several http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Triple http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Little http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryLittle

Verbally^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verbally`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for ''Speaking'') of adverb sense 2 of 'verbally' in Wordnet: 2. verbally - (by means of language; 'verbally expressive')`
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

VerballyAbusingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerballyAbusingSomeone`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'abuse' in WordNet: 3. abuse, clapperclaw, blackguard, shout - (use foul or abusive language towards; 'The actress abused the policeman who gave her a parking ticket'; 'The angry mother shouted at the teacher')`
Super-classes	DisparagingAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Contumely^c
Sub-classes	Vituperating^c

Verbena^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verbena

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verbena' in WordNet:
          1. (3) verbena, vervain - (any of numerous tropical
              or subtropical American plants of the genus Verbena 
              grown for their showy spikes of variously colored flowers)

Super-classes Bush^c
FloweringPlant^c
DicotSubclass^c

Verbose^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verbose

Description

''Verbose'' is an attribute of ''Speaking'' when the speaker uses notably more words than necessary to make a point clear.

       TMI - too much information

      'windy' is seldom used for this:
        RHW 'windy' 6. of the nature of, characterized by, or given to 
             prolonged, empty talk; voluble; verbose; bombastic.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'verbose' in Wordnet:
          1. long-winded, tedious, verbose, windy, wordy - (using or containing 
             too many words; 'long-winded (or windy) speakers'; 
             'verbose and ineffective instructional methods'; 
             'newspapers of the day printed long wordy editorials';
             'proceedings were delayed by wordy disputes')
         WN adj 'prolix':
           1. prolix - (tediously prolonged or tending 
               to speak or write at great length; 'editing a prolix manuscript';
              'a prolix lecturer telling you more than you want to know')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Verbosity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verbosity

Description

''Verbosity'' is a ''LinguisticManner'' in which a Person uses or tends to use significantly more than the necessary number of words to express a point, to the extent that listening or reading such expressions can be boring or tedious.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verbosity' in WordNet:
       1. verboseness, verbosity - (an expressive style that uses excessive or empty words)

Super-classes LinguisticManner^c

Verdict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verdict`
Description	A ''Verdict'' is a ''LegalDecision'' produced by a ''PetitJury'' after trying a case (civil or criminal). `NOTe that a ''Verdict'' is produced by a ''PetitJury''. If a Judge tries a case without a jury, the decision is a Judgment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verdict' in WordNet: 1. (1) verdict, finding of fact - ((law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment)`
Super-classes	LegalDecision^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value PetitJury^c hasBeliever^op value PetitJury^c isProducedByEventType^op value Trial^c isTheResultOf^op some Trial^c

VerifiedFact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerifiedFact`
Description	An Assertion for which there is very solid evidence, with no reasonable dispute. The mere assertion of a 'fact' by someone without solid evidence is not an instance of this type, but of the parent type 'Fact'. 'Consensus reality' in the Cyc terminology for the sum of Assertions of this type. In COSMO each VerifiedFact is considered as True - in the Theory that the COSMO ontology represents. This type is further differentiated into events that are known to have happened ('VerifiedFactAboutEvent') and verified facts about things other than Events ('VerifiedObservation' - assertions about the properties of things, such as scientifically proven facts). Corresponds approximately to noun senses 3 and 4 of 'fact' and sense 1 of 'truth' in WordNet - these two senses are further differentiated in in WordNet: 3. (30) fact - (an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; 'your fears have no basis in fact'; 'how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell') 4. (27) fact - (a concept whose truth can be proved; 'scientific hypotheses are not facts') WN 'truth': 1. (17) truth - (a fact that has been verified; 'at last he knew the truth'; 'the truth is that he didn't want to do it')
Super-classes	Fact^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#True^c hasAttributeValue^op value Proven^c
Sub-classes	VerifiedFactAboutEvent^c TrueStatement-RealWorld^c

VerifiedFactAboutEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerifiedFactAboutEvent`
Description	An Assertion concerning the existence of an Event, for which there is very solid evidence, with no reasonable dispute. An assertion that the SecondWorld War occurred in 1939-1945 is a 'VerifiedFactAboutEvent'. `Corresponds approximately to noun senses 3 in WordNet: 3. (30) fact - (an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; 'your fears have no basis in fact'; 'how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell')`
Super-classes	VerifiedFact^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Event^c

Vermin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vermin`
Description	CYC: A collection of animals considered undesirable to find living in human habitation buildings or other facilities. Insects as well as mammals and snakes are included. `NOTE that the category 'Varmint' is somewhat similar, but is used for animals that are a nuisance even when living outdoors, and are therefore generally larger than a 'Vermin'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vermin' in WordNet: 2. vermin - (any of various small animals or insects that are pests; e.g. cockroaches or rats; 'cereals must be protected from mice and other vermin'; 'he examined the child's head for vermin'; 'boys in the village have probably been shooting vermin')`
Super-classes	Role^c UndesirableThing^c NonHumanAnimal^c
Sub-classes	Pest^c Rat^c Grasshopper^c Fly^c Cockroach^c Ant^c Wasp^c Termite^c Flea^c Silverfish^c Mouse^c Mosquito^c Arachnid^c Squirrel^c Varmint^c Cricket^c Louse^c

Versatile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Versatile

Description

''Versatile'' will need additional related types to properly represent logically. This is an attribute of someone who has more than one ability; so it will be necessary to represent the state of having multiple abilities or skills. Or one can represent a Group of diverse skills and use restriction 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving' - that Group. @ToDo.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'versatile' in Wordnet:
           3. versatile - (competent in many areas 
              and able to turn with ease from one thing to another; 'a versatile writer')

Super-classes Competent^c

Versatility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Versatility`
Description	''Versatility'' is a state of a Person who is ''Versatile''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'versatility' in WordNet: 1. (1) versatility - (having a wide variety of skills)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Versatile^c hasSubjectOfState^op value Person^c

Versification^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Versification`
Description	Each ''Versification'' specifies the ''LiteraryForm'' for some type or part of ''Poem'' `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'versification' in WordNet: 2. versification - (the form or metrical composition of a poem)`
Super-classes	LiteraryForm^c
Restrictions	describes^op value Poem^c
Sub-classes	PoeticRhythm^c

Version^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Version`
Description	Each ''Version'' is a ''ConceptualWork'' much of whose content is the same as that of an earlier work, and which was produced by a process of ''Revising'', usually but not always by the same author(s). COSMO note: this is the abstract content (text audio, video), not the PhysicalObject. This is the Abstract text (which can include images) or recording or video of some ''ConceptualWork'' that is published as one variant of some general work, and may have some small differences from other ''Verson''s. Someof the terms appearing with 'version' in the synsets here are labels for other synsets. See ''Variant'' and ''Adaptatation''. For a more general thing copied with changes see ''Variant''. Includes parts of noun senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'version' in WordNet, excluding physical objects: in WordNet: 2. (7) version, variant, variation, edition - (something a little different from others of the same type; 'an experimental version of the night fighter'; 'a variant of the same word'; 'an emery wheel is the modern variation of a grindstone'; 'the boy is a younger edition of his father') 3. (1) adaptation, version - (a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form; 'the play is an adaptation of a short novel') 4. translation, interlingual rendition, rendering, version - (a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language) WN noun 'revision': 3. (1) rewrite, revision, rescript - (something that has been written again; 'the rewrite was much better')
Super-classes	Variant^c ConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op some Revising^c
Sub-classes	Adaptation^c Revision^c OriginalVersion^c Edition^c

Vertebra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vertebra`
Description	`RHW: any of the bones or segments composing the spinal column, consisting typically of a cylindrical body and an arch with various processes, and forming a foramen, or opening, through which the spinal cord passes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Vertebra' in Wordnet: 1. vertebra - (one of the bony segments of the spinal column)`
Super-classes	Bone^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value SpinalColumn^c isaComponentElementOf^op value SpinalColumn^c
Sub-classes	Coccyx^c Sacrum^c

Vertebrae^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vertebrae`
Description	CYC: #$The #$Vertebrae is the #$Series of individual #$Vertebra in #$The #$SpinalColumn. `This is the part of the SpinalColumn that consists of the bones (each of which is a ''Vertebra'')`
Super-classes	SeriesWithoutRepetition^c BoneStructure^c PhysicalSeries^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Vertebra^c isAnOrganicPartOf^op value SpinalColumn^c

Vertebrate^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vertebrate`
Description	An instance of #$BiologicalTaxon within the #$BiologicalPhylum #$ChordataPhylum. Each instance of #$Vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of #$Vertebrate include #$Mammal, #$Reptile, #$Bird, and #$Fish. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vertebrate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) vertebrate, craniate - (animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium)`
Super-classes	SentientAnimal^c HexalateralObject^c HumanScaleObject^c ChordataPhylum^c Animal^c MulticellularOrganism^c
Restrictions	surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value SkinTissue^c
Sub-classes	AirBreathingVertebrate^c ColdBloodedVertebrate^c

VertebrateEye^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VertebrateEye`
Description	An Eye on a Vertebrate, different from one on an invertebrate.
Super-classes	Eye^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Head^c
Sub-classes	MammalEye^c

Vertex^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vertex`
Description	A ''Vertex'' of a PhysicalObject is the part that has the greatest elevation This only makes sense for Objects that are stationary such as mountains and tall buildings. The amount of theobject that can be considered as the ''vertex'' is somewhat arbitrary, unless the term is being used to express the maximum height, in which case the ''Vertex'' will be the smallest possible piece that can be measured - not significant in itself. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vertex' in WordNet: 2. vertex, peak, apex, acme - (the highest point (of something); 'at the peak of the pyramid')`
Super-classes	Peak^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op some (FixedStructure^c or GeographicalObject^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Highest^c
Sub-classes	Summit^c Hilltop^c PateOfTheHead^c HatCrown^c

Vertical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vertical`
Description	'Vertical' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects or Groups of SolidObjects or of paths (e.g Wells) that have at least one long dimension that is oriented perpendicular to the Earth's surface. The objects may be LongAndThin, or planar, or for groups, they may stacked vertically like the floors of a building. This is an approximate attribute, and some things can be more vertical than others, but the orientation should not deviate by more than ten degrees from true vertical. The degrees of 'verticalness' have not yet (v755 been specified. `For the moral sense of 'upright' use 'Just'. This sense includes adjective sense 1 of 'vertical', senses 1 and 3 of 'upright' and sense 1 of 'erect' in WordNet: 1. (5) upright, unsloped - (in a vertical position; not sloping; 'an upright post') 3. erect, vertical, upright - (upright in position or posture; 'an erect stature'; 'erect flower stalks'; 'for a dog, an erect tail indicates aggression'; 'a column still vertical amid the ruins'; 'he sat bolt upright')`
Super-classes	Upright^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Sub-classes	VerticallyOrdered^c

VerticalPost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerticalPost`
Description	A ''VerticalPost'' is a 'Post'' that is firmly attached to some other stable Object(s) with the long dimension oriented vertically. Such a ''VerticalPost'' can be outdoors like a '''PostStuckInGround'' or a part of a structure that is exposed such as a doorframe or a supporting ''Column''. It can have any reasonably convex cross-sectional shape. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'post' in WordNet: 4. (2) post - (an upright consisting of a piece of timber or metal fixed firmly in an upright position; 'he set a row of posts in the ground and strung barbwire between them')`
Super-classes	Post^c WallOrPost^c
Restrictions	hasOrientation^op value Vertical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c
Sub-classes	Lamppost^c PostStuckInGround^c

VerticalShaft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerticalShaft`
Description	A ''VerticalShaft'' is a Passageway that connects two or more ''Storey''s in a Building or connects levels in a mine. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 8 of 'shaft' (but includes shafts in mines or other underground locations) in WordNet: 8. shaft - (a vertical passageway through a building (as for an elevator)) WN noun 'well': 4. well - (an open shaft through the floors of a building (as for a stairway))`
Super-classes	SpaceInAFixedHOC^c Passageway^c TopAndBottomSidedObject^c
Restrictions	hasOrientation^op value Vertical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c
Sub-classes	Stairwell^c ElevatorShaft^c

Vertically^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vertically

Description

''Vertically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives or Actions to assert that they are performed or interpreted with respect to a ''Vertical'' direction. The 'vertical' can appply to ordering on a page of a document, meaning from top to bottom of the page.

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vertically' in Wordnet:
           1. vertically - (in a vertical direction; 
              'a gallery quite often is added to make use of space vertically 
                as well as horizontally')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

VerticallyOrdered^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerticallyOrdered`
Description	'VerticallyOrdered' is an AttributeValue of Groups that are arranged vertically in a linear, sequential fashion, such that the elements can be identified by ordinal numbers; the prototypical vertical ordering is that of a 'Stack' or of the floors of a building, or (though not numbered) of a ''DeckOfCards''. (or steps of a ladder or staircase?)
Super-classes	LinearlyOrdered^c Vertical^c

VerticallySymmetrical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerticallySymmetrical`
Description	''VerticallySymmetrical'' is a subattribute of ''Symmetric'' for Objects (physical or abstract) that have a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the gravitational field, or for Objects in an image, a line of symmetry perpendiclar to the vertical dimension of the plane being viewed.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

VerticallySymmetricalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerticallySymmetricalObject`
Description	A ''VerticallySymmetricalObject'' is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject' that is an ''ArtifactObject'' small enough to be inverted (subjected to a ''InvertingSomething'' Action). It may or may not be functional, and the function may or may not depend on its invertability. `Problem: the 'top' and 'bottom' are indistinguishable - is it really a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject''?? This is consistent if ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' is interpreted as 'TopAndBottomSided' at any given time. In this case the top and bottom are distinguished by the gravitational field, not by any visible attribute differences of the 'to' and 'bottom parts.`
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VerticallySymmetrical^c
Sub-classes	Sandglass^c

Verve^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Verve`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verve' in WordNet: 1. (2) vitality, verve - (an energetic style)`
Super-classes	Vigor^c

Very^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Very`
Description	'Very' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of intensity greater than the average or typical. This AdverbialModifier selects from a range of values of the attribute it modifies, that subset of values that would apply only to a minority of the things the attribute modifies: to be 'very tall' meanis that one is in the top 25% in height. For intensities close to the minimum use 'Somewhat', and for the average or slightly above, use 'Moderately'.or ''Rather'' The effect of this modifier is to assert that the attribute it modifies applies in an intense measure to the thing that the attribute modifies. The degree of intensity of the attribute is less than that selected by 'somewhat' or 'Moderately'' or 'rather'. If a person is very tall, then the speaker thinks that s/he is unquestionably taller than the average person. When the attributes are context sensitive the modifier is also context sensitive, so it is an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType'. This sense is used as a modifier of AttributeValues, which show up linguistically as adjectives or sometimes as adverbs. 'She's doing very well' 'His handwriting is very poor' For a more intensive adverb see ''Extremely''. This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. These terms may be used variably by different people; in COSMO they form a hierarchy close to a common linguistic usage. The levels of intensity from low to high are: Somewhat Moderately Rather Very Extremely Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'very' in WordNet: 1. (261) very, really, real, rattling - (used as intensifiers; 'real' is sometimes used informally for 'really'; 'rattling' is informal; 'she was very gifted'; 'he played very well'; 'a really enjoyable evening'; 'I'm real sorry about it'; 'a rattling good yarn')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c
Sub-classes	Extremely^c Radically^c

VeryBad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryBad`
Description	A lower degree of Goodness than 'Bad'. This is specifically for badness in quality generally, or for adequacy of performance of a task; this sense is not for quality of manners or morality. The applicable WirdNet usages would be: 'abominable workmanship'; 'terrible handwriting'; 'an awful voice' 'a painful performance' `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'awful' in WordNet: WN 'awful'. For the sense of unpleasant, use 'Awful' 1. (10) atrocious, abominable, awful, dreadful, painful, terrible, unspeakable - (exceptionally bad or displeasing; 'atrocious taste'; 'abominable workmanship'; 'an awful voice'; 'dreadful manners'; 'a painful performance'; 'terrible handwriting'; 'an unspeakable odor came sweeping into the room')`
Super-classes	Bad^c
Sub-classes	Disgusting^c LousyRotten^c Acute^c Severe^c Tragic^c VeryStrong^c Abominable^c Lamentable^c Contemptible^c Terrible^c Wretched^c

VeryFertile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryFertile

Description

''VeryFertile'' is an intensive level of ''Fertile'', characterizing Organisms that have produced more than the average number of offspring.

    Corresponds to the 'offspring' part of adjective sense 3 of 'fertile' in Wordnet:
      3. prolific, fertile - (bearing in abundance especially offspring;
         'flying foxes are extremely prolific'; 'a prolific pear tree')

Super-classes BiologicalAttributeValue^c

VeryGood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryGood`
Description	A higher degree of Goodness than 'good'.
Super-classes	Good^c
Sub-classes	Excellent^c Nifty^c

VeryLarge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryLarge`
Description	''VeryLarge'' is a more intensive subtype of 'large' - of PhysicalObjects. There is no 'very large' in WordNet, and this is here to have a category intermediate between 'Large'' and ''Huge''
Super-classes	Large^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Massive^c Spacious^c Huge^c Extensive^c

VeryMuch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryMuch

Description

'VeryMuch' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues that are close to the highest level in intensity of the intensity scale of that QualitativeAttributeValue. In English linguistic expressions, it usually precedes an adjective in the comparative form: 'very much larger'; 'very much taller'. This sense is technically more intensive than 'much', but there is considerable overlap in meaning.

      Includes adverb sense 1 of 'far' and adverb sense 1
         of 'very much' and adverb sense 1 of 'a great deal' and
         sense 1 of 'a lot' and adverb sense 1 of 'heavily' in WordNet:
       1. (62) far - (to a considerable degree; very much;
          'a far far better thing that I do'; 'felt far worse than yesterday';
          'eyes far too close together')
       WN adverb 'very much':
         1. (14) a lot, a good deal, a great deal, much, very much -
            (to a very great degree or extent; 'we enjoyed ourselves very much';
            'she was very much interested'; 'this would help a great deal')
        WN adverb 'heavily':
          1. (23) heavily, to a great extent - (to a considerable degree; 
          'he relied heavily on others' data')

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

VerySharp^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerySharp

Description

''VerySharp' is a intensive subproperty of ''SharpEdged'', characterizing ''CuttingDevices'' that have been 'honed' to enable precise, rapid, and effective cutting. This is characteristic of razor blades and ''SurgicalKnife''s.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'razor sharp' in Wordnet:
          2. razor-sharp - (as sharp as a razor)

Super-classes SharpEdged^c

VerySteep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VerySteep`
Description	''VerySteep'' is a higher degree of ''Steep-sided'' for a feature of those ''HillOrMountain''s whose slope on the sides (not on the top) in many or most parts is greater than 45 degrees upward from the horizontal. For steepness between 25 and 45 degrees, use ''Steep-sided''
Super-classes	Steep-sided^c

VeryStrong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryStrong

Description

e.g. 'hard blow to the head'

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'severe' in WordNet:
         2. (3) hard, knockout, severe - - (very strong or vigorous; 'strong winds';
            'a hard left to the chin'; 'a knockout punch'; 'a severe blow')

Super-classes VeryBad^c
Difficult^c
Intense^c

VeryUnlikely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeryUnlikely`
Description	''VeryUnlikely'' is a less than 'Unlikely' ''Chance'', with an assigned maximum probability of 0.1, for this element. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'remote' in WordNet: 2. (4) outside, remote - (very unlikely; 'an outside chance'; 'a remote possibility'; 'a remote contingency')`
Super-classes	Unlikely^c
Restrictions	hasLowerLimit^dp value 0.0^c hasUpperLimit^dp value 0.1^c
Sub-classes	Ridiculous^c

Vessel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vessel`
Description	A Vessel is a WaterTransportationVehicle that is larger than a small Boat. The border between Vessel and smaller Boats are fuzzy, but rowboats are exluded and boats longer than 15 feet and having cabins would be Vessels. Boats over 20 feet might all be Vessels. This follows sense 1 of 'vessel' in RHW: 1. a craft for traveling on water, now usually one larger than an ordinary rowboat; a ship or boat. NOTE that in WordNet a 'vessel' is the most general water craft, including all sizes whereas 'boat' is a small vessel. In COSMO 'boat' is the most general, including all sizes, whereas 'vessel' is larger than a small boat; a rowboat is not a 'Vessel' in COSMO: Corresponds to part (larger boats) of noun sense 2 of 'vessel' in WordNet: 2. (6) vessel, watercraft - (a craft designed for water transportation)
Super-classes	WaterTransportationVehicle^c
Sub-classes	Watercraft-Subsurface^c PassengerBoat^c CargoVessel^c Submarine^c Frigate-SailingShip^c Ship^c MilitaryVessel^c Sailboat^c

Vessel-Container^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vessel-Container`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vessel' in WordNet: 3. vessel - (an object used as a container (especially for liquids))`
Super-classes	ContainerArtifact^c

Vest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vest`
Description	The set of all vests. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vest' in Wordnet: 1. (2) vest, waistcoat - (a man's sleeveless garment worn underneath a coat)`
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c Clothing-Top^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Sleeveless^c surrounds-3D^op value Chest-BodyPart^c
Sub-classes	ArmoredVest^c

Vested^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vested

Description

''Vested'' is an AttributeValue of some right (as of ownership) that is not conditional.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vested' in Wordnet:
         1. vested - (fixed and absolute and without contingency; 'a vested right')

Super-classes Unconditional^c

VestedInterest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VestedInterest`
Description	A ''VestedInterest'' is a ''FinancialInterest'' that is unconditional. This is commonly a part ownership or a right to some benefit from a ''"CommercialOrganization''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vested interest' in WordNet: 1. vested interest - ((law) an interest in which there is a fixed right to present or future enjoyment and that can be conveyed to another)`
Super-classes	FinancialInterest^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vested^c

VestingWithAuthority^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VestingWithAuthority`
Description	''VestingWithAuthority'' is a broad type of Actions in which some agent(s) empower (give power) to some ''Person''(s) to act as an Authority who can command and control other People. `If this is done at a Ceremony. it is the subtype ''Inauguration''. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'vest' ('enthrone' is a subtype) in WordNet: 1. (3) invest, vest, enthrone - (provide with power and authority; "They vested the council with special rights")`
Super-classes	Empowering^c
Sub-classes	Inauguration^c

Veteran^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Veteran`
Description	Someone who has substantial experience (at least a year) in some kind of ''WorkingEvent''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'veteran' in WordNet: 3. (5) veteran, old-timer, oldtimer, old hand, warhorse, old stager, stager - (an experienced person who has been through many battles; someone who has given long service)`
Super-classes	Expert^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	VeteranSoldier^c

VeteranSoldier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeteranSoldier`
Description	Someone who has at least two years of service in some branch of the Military. This includes retired ''MilitaryPerson''s as well as those in active''MilitaryService'' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veteran' in WordNet: 1. (7) veteran, veteran soldier - (a serviceman who has seen considerable active service; 'the veterans laughed at the new recruits')`
Super-classes	Veteran^c
Restrictions	isKnowledgeableAbout^op value MilitaryService^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value MilitaryService^c filledTheSubjectRoleIn^op value MilitaryService^c

Veterinarian^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Veterinarian`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veterinarian' in WordNet: 1. veterinarian, veterinary, veterinary surgeon, vet - (a doctor who practices veterinary medicine)`
Super-classes	MedicalCareProfessional^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value NonHumanAnimalDisease^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value TameAnimal^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value VeterinaryCareEvent^c

VeterinaryCareEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeterinaryCareEvent`
Description	An Event in which some Person provides care to a non-numan animal to improve or maintain its health.
Super-classes	TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay^c Benefiting^c TakingCareOfSomething^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType^op some Veterinarian^c hadBeneficiary^op some NonHumanAnimal^c

VeterinaryPatient^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VeterinaryPatient`
Description	Each 'VeterinaryPatient' is a ''NonHumanAnimal'' that is being treated or diagnosed for some AilmentCondition, usually by a Veterinarian or at some veterinary facility.
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value VeterinaryCareEvent^c wasThePatientInAction^op some HealthCareEvent^c

Vexed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vexed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vexed' in Wordnet: 1. annoyed, harassed, harried, pestered, vexed - (troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances; 'harassed working mothers'; 'a harried expression'; 'her poor pestered father had to endure her constant interruptions'; 'the vexed parents of an unruly teenager')`
Super-classes	Annoyed^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c

Viability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viability`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viability' in WordNet: 1. (1) viability - ((of living things) capable of normal growth and development)`
Super-classes	AgentCapability^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value GrowingEvent^c isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Living^c

Viable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viable`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'viable' in Wordnet: 2. viable - (capable of life or normal growth and development; 'viable seeds'; 'a viable fetus')`
Super-classes	Able^c

Vial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vial`
Description	A vial is a container a small bottle used to contain liquids, usually of a DrugSubstance. It may have a cap holding a rubber-like disk on the top where a syringe could be inserted to extract the liquid inside. But this type is the general case that includes types not having a cap, but being all glass and sealed such that it can oly be opened by cracking open the top - that subtype is represented by the subtype ''Ampule''. `NOTE: the label 'ampule' is used here only for vials that are completely sealed by glass see ''Ampule''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'vial' in WordNet: 1. phial, vial, ampule, ampul, ampoule - (a small bottle that contains a drug (especially a sealed sterile container for injection by needle))`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c LiquidContainer^c StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Glass^c hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 5.0^c isDesignedToContain^op value DrugProduct^c
Sub-classes	ScrewCapVial^c

Vibes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vibes`
Description	'SocialAmbiance' is a StaticSituation involving two or more people, vaguer in meaning than ''SocialInteraction'', afected by both the people present and the physical environment, and characterized by the ''Feeling''s it may cause in people present; but individual people may have different responses to the same ''SocialAmbiance''. `NOTE: 'vibes' or 'vibe' can refer both to the 'ambiance' itself (gives off bad vibes') or the Emotions produce by such an atmosphere ('get bad vibes'). These might be disambiguated if clear examples of both can be recognized. This type represents the PersistentState. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vibe' in WordNet: 1. vibe, vibration - (a distinctive emotional atmosphere; sensed intuitively; 'it gave me a nostalgic vibe'; 'that man gives off bad vibes')`
Super-classes	SocialAmbiance^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c)

Vibration^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vibration

Description

Each 'Vibration' is a RectilinearShaking in which a PhysicalObject moves back and forth in a linear path rapidly (at least once per second).

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vibration' in Wordnet:
       1. (1) vibration, quiver, quivering - (the act of vibrating)

Super-classes RectilinearShaking^c

VibrationThroughAMediumSensor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VibrationThroughAMediumSensor`
Description	A specialization of #$Sensor (q.v.). Each instance of #$VibrationThroughAMediumSensor operates by detecting or reacting to the amplitude and frequency of vibrations that travel to it through a physical medium. Specializations of this collection include #$Ear, #$Skin, #$SONAR-Device, and #$Microphone. Note that #$Eyes are not #$VibrationThroughAMediumSensors because electromagnetic wave propagation does not require a physical medium (cf. #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor)
Super-classes	Sensor^c
Restrictions	detects^op value Vibration^c
Sub-classes	Ear^c Skin^c Microphone^c

Vicar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vicar

Description

This ''Vicar'' is an Episcopal ''Cleric''.

       Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vicar' in WordNet:
         2. vicar - ((Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel)

Super-classes Cleric^c

Vicar-Priest^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vicar-Priest

Description

This ''Vicar'' is a Roman Catholic Priest representing a Bishop or the Pope.

       RHW: 3.  Rom. Cath. Ch. an ecclesiastic representing the pope or a bishop.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vicar' in WordNet:
         1. (1) vicar - (a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman)

Super-classes Priest^c

Vice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vice`
Description	''Vice'' is one or more Actions by a Person that is ''Evil'' in a specific way. This is usually interpreted as meaning 'offending the accepted moral standards''. `This is rather vague - RHW has several senses, of which 1 and 2 seem closest to this intended meaning: 1. an immoral or evil habit or practice. 2. immoral conduct; depraved or degrading behavior: a life of vice. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vice' in WordNet: 2. vice - (a specific form of evildoing; 'vice offends the moral standards of the community')`
Super-classes	EvilDeed^c
Restrictions	violatesRule^op value MoralPrinciple^c

ViceAdmiral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViceAdmiral

Description

CYC 'ViceAdmiral-Rank'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vice admiral' in WordNet:
          1. vice admiral - (an admiral ranking below a full admiral and above a rear admiral)

Super-classes FlagOfficer^c

ViceAdmiral-Rank^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViceAdmiral-Rank

Description

CYC 'ViceAdmiral-Rank'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vice admiral' in WordNet:
          1. vice admiral - (an admiral ranking below a full admiral and above a rear admiral)

Super-classes FlagOfficer^c

VicePresident-CorporateOfficer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VicePresident-CorporateOfficer`
Description	CYC: A collection of people. An instance of #$VicePresident-CorporateOfficer is a member of the management of a company, designated as 'Vice President' on the official records of the company. Most companies have one or more instances of #$VicePresident-CorporateOfficer; a small company usually has only one, whereas a large National Bank may have hundreds of Vice Presidents. The primary Vice President (possibly a #$SeniorVicePresident-Title) is often empowered to direct the company in case of the death or incapacity of the #$President-CorporateOfficer.
Super-classes	CorporateOfficer^c Executive^c VicePresidentOfOrganization^c BusinessPerson^c

VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial`
Description	CYC: A collection of persons. Each element of #$VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial is a person who holds the title of vice president of some element of #$Country. Often, the vice president of a country is first in the line of succession to the presidency. Examples: Al Gore, Dan Quayle. `No specific synset in WN for this type`
Super-classes	VicePresidentOfOrganization^c PublicOfficial^c Politician^c
Sub-classes	VicePresidentOfTheUnitedStates^c

VicePresidentOfOrganization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VicePresidentOfOrganization`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vice president' in WordNet: 1. (10) vice president, V.P. - (an executive officer ranking immediately below a president; may serve in the president's place under certain circumstances)`
Super-classes	OfficerInOrganization^c
Sub-classes	VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial^c VicePresident-CorporateOfficer^c

VicePresidentOfTheUnitedStates^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VicePresidentOfTheUnitedStates

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Vice President of the United States' in WordNet:
          1. Vice President of the United States -
             (the vice president of the United States who presides over the United States Senate)

Super-classes PublicOfficial^c
VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial^c
Politician^c

ViceVersa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViceVersa`
Description	' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vice versa' in Wordnet: 1. (2) vice versa, the other way around, contrariwise - (with the order reversed; 'she hates him and vice versa')
Super-classes	AdverbialModifier^c

Vicious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vicious`
Description	''Vicious'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Vice'' and the things characteristic of ''Vice''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'vicious' in Wordnet: 2. (2) evil, vicious - (having the nature of vice)`
Super-classes	PertainingAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Cruel^c

Victim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Victim`
Description	COSMO: some 'IntelligentAgent'' (Person, or group or organization) who suffered harm unjustly in a ''VictimizingAnAgent'' Event, which can have any kind of cause, from intentional violence or financial harm, to accidental damage or harm or loss in a ''NaturalDisaster''. `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'victim' in Wordnet: 1. (8) victim - (an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance) 2. (4) victim, dupe - (a person who is tricked or swindled)`
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c GenericVictim^c
Restrictions	wasHarmedInEvent^op some VictimizingAnAgent^c
Sub-classes	Scapegoat^c Casualty^c Martyr^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#JohnFitzgeraldKennedy

VictimizingAnAgent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VictimizingAnAgent`
Description	''VictimizingAnAgent'' is a ''WrongingSomeone''in which the ''IntelligentAgent'' (not an animal but not just a Person) wronged has been harmed unjustly and can be considered as a ''Victim''. NOTE that this ''Action'' can be performed by a natural force such as a hurricane or tornado. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'victimize' in WordNet: 1. (2) victimize, victimise - (make a victim of; 'I was victimized by this con-man')`
Super-classes	HarmingAnAgent^c WrongingSomeone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unjust^c hadAgentHarmed^op some (IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Sub-classes	Manslaughter^c Murder^c Defrauding^c BetrayingAnAgent^c

Victor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Victor`
Description	This ''Victor'' is a 'Winner' who has won a ''Fight-Physical'' `Correspods to noun sense 1 of 'victor' and senses 1 and 2 of 'victor' in WordNet: 1. (1) victor, master, superior - (a combatant who is able to defeat rivals)`
Super-classes	Winner^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some (Combat^c or Fight-Physical^c) performsAction^op value DefeatingAnOpponent^c

Victorian^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Victorian

Description

     Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'Victorian' in Wordnet:
       1. (3) Victorian - (of or relating to Queen Victoria of Great Britain 
             or to the age in which she ruled; 'Victorian morals')
       3. Victorian - (typical of the moral standards or conduct of the age of Queen Victoria)

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

VictorianStructure^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VictorianStructure

Description

CYC: 'Victorian': The collection of instances of #$ConstructionArtifact that are in the victorian style.

       The 'Victorian style' is a style of architecture that was popular during the
         late 19th century, when Queen Victoria reigned in England.  This is applied
         mostly to single-family houses.

       The 'Victorian style' has not yet (rev1621) ben represented.

Super-classes HexalateralObject^c
Facility-Generic^c
ConstructionArtifact^c
HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject^c
ContainerArtifact^c

Victorious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Victorious`
Description	This ''Victorious'' characterizes a Perso who has won a contest. For someone who is proud and joyful about winning a contest or otherwise succeeding, use ''Exultant''. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'victorious' in Wordnet: 1. victorious, winning - (having won; 'the victorious entry'; 'the winning team') 2. triumphant, victorious - (experiencing triumph)`
Super-classes	Successful^c
Sub-classes	Championish^c

VictoryAward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VictoryAward`
Description	A ''VictoryAward'' is an HonorAward (abstract) assigned by some authority for Victory (winning) some competition,usally in Sports.
Super-classes	HonorAward^c
Restrictions	wasAssignedByAuthority^op some Authority^c

VideoCamera^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoCamera`
Description	An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByFunction. Each instance of this collection is a #$Camera designed to record moving images onto a storage medium for later viewing.
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c Camera^c ManufacturedGoods^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value VideoRecording^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value MakingaVideoRecording^c
Sub-classes	VideoCassetteRecorder^c CamCorder^c

VideoCassette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoCassette`
Description	Video cassette tapes, blank or not. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'video cassette' in WordNet: 1. videocassette - (a cassette for videotape)`
Super-classes	MagneticTapeCassette^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value VisualImageRecording^c hasPhysicalPart^op value VideoTape^c
Sub-classes	RecordedVideoCassette^c

VideoCassetteRecorder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoCassetteRecorder`
Description	The device used to record television programs or play programs stored on a video cassette. Usually called a VCR. `This can produce a recording on VideoCassette whether or not the cassette had been previously recorded. Need some way to express that. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'videocassette recorder' in WordNet: 1. videocassette recorder, VCR - (a magnetic tape recorder for recording (and playing back) TV programs)`
Super-classes	VideoCamera^c ManufacturedGoods^c TapeRecorder^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value VideoCassetteRecordingAction^c uses^op value VideoCassette^c createsObject^op value RecordedVideoCassette^c

VideoCassetteRecordingAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoCassetteRecordingAction`
Description	Recording video images onto a #$VideoCassette tape.
Super-classes	VisualImageRecording^c

VideoConference^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoConference`
Description	A ''VideoConference'' is a ''Teleconference'' in which participants are able to see each other by means of some type of video device, whether television cameras or ''SmartPhone''s. This is usually applied to conferences where an image of each room with participants is transmitteed to and seen by the other location(s) A 'VideoConference' is an OralConversation carried out using some form of VideoConferencing technology, whether there are multiple rooms with multiple people connected to each other, or people each separately at a computer with the ability to view and talk to the other participants. Two people in such a situation still qualifies as an instance of this type. NOTE that a VideoConference is not necesarily a Discussion, as it can be exclusively one-way (e.g. a lecture), though there should be the capability of feedback from the audience. NOTE: the WordNet synset gloss suggest that it applies is only to this type of ''VideoConference'', but it is used in COSMO also as the Wordnet label for the parent ''Teleconference''. RHW 'videoconference': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teleconference' in WordNet: 1. teleconference, teleconferencing - (a conference of people who are in different locations that is made possible by the use of such telecommunications equipment as closed-circuit television)
Super-classes	OralConversation^c Teleconference^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op value VideoConferencingDevice^c usedDevice^op value VideoConferencingDevice^c

VideoConferencingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoConferencingDevice`
Description	Each 'VideoConferencingDevice' is a Computer connected to peripherals that permit remote transmission and receipt of both video and sound, so that is can be used to enable a Video Conference.
Super-classes	ComputerHardwareItem^c ComputationalSystem^c

VideoDisplay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoDisplay`
Description
Super-classes	View^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value VideoDisplayDevice^c hadThingTransferred^op value MoonLight^c wasVisibleTo^op some ComputerUser^c wasEmittedByObject^op value VideoDisplayDevice^c
Sub-classes	ComputerDisplayView^c

VideoDisplayDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoDisplayDevice`
Description	A 'VideoDisplayDevice' is the 'DisplayDevice' component of some Electronic system that either receives video signals from some remote sender (such as TelevisionSet) or receives video signals from some Device of which it is a component (such as a separate Computer Monitor or the screen on a Smart Phone). This Device emits light waves that are represented in COSMO as a ''VideoDisplay''. This may display digital numerical or linguistic characters, but its primary function is to display images. This is typically viewed by looking at the visible (more or less flat) outer portion (the ''DisplayScreen'') of an ''ElectronicDisplayDevice''.
Super-classes	ElectronicDisplayDevice^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value ElectronicSystem^c displaysInformation^op value VideoDisplay^c hasDesignFunction^op value DisplayingInformation^c hasPhysicalPart^op value DisplayScreen^c
Sub-classes	DisplayScreen^c ComputerDisplay^c

VideoRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoRecording`
Description	A ''VideoRecording'' is any ''SolidObject'' or ''ComputerVideoFile'' that contains a representation of an ''AbstractVideo''; a ''ComputerVideoFile'', is itself abstract. (i.e. an abstract image can 'represent' another abstract image - .if it is in a different format, or slightly modified for some purpose such as increasing or reducing the resolution). For files in a computer memory it might be tricky to isolate the physical object part that contains only the video representation - not worth trying, so this is very general. Corresponds aproximately to noun sense 1 of 'video', but includes recordings having only the image component (as in old silent movie reels of film, or home videos) in WordNet: 2. (1) video recording, video - (a recording of both the video and audio components (especially one containing a recording of a movie or television program))
Super-classes	Recording^c
Restrictions	hasAbstractRepresentation^op only AbstractVideo^c
Sub-classes	RecordedVideoCassette^c

VideoSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoSignal`
Description	A ''VideoSignal'' is a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' that carries the 'video' component of a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' that may have other components, such as the ''AudioSignal'' in a Television broadcast. `NOTE that this signal does not have to be transmitted through the air, it could be transmitted over some form of cable - metal or optical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'video' in WordNet: 1. (1) video, picture - (the visible part of a television transmission; 'they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone')`
Super-classes	TransmittedRadioSignal^c
Restrictions	hasInformationContent^op value CapturedImage^c isaPartOf^op value TransmittedRadioSignal^c

VideoTape^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoTape`
Description	Magnetic tape suitable for video recording or having been recorded with video information. Each video cassette has some length of such tape as a physical part. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'videotape' in WordNet: 2. videotape - (a relatively wide magnetic tape for use in recording visual images and associated sound)`
Super-classes	MagneticTape^c
Sub-classes	VideoTapeStrip^c

VideoTapeStrip^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VideoTapeStrip

Description

A ''VideoTapeStrip'' is a piece of ''VideoTape'', usually packaged in a VideoCassette.

      WN does not distinguish the object and the substance,
          The same synset is used for both here.
      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'videotape' in WordNet:
          2. videotape - (a relatively wide magnetic tape for use in
             recording visual images and associated sound)

Super-classes VideoTape^c

Videophone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Videophone

Description

A ''Videophone'' is a ''Telephone'' that includes a camera and display so that the callers can see each other as they communicate. This type of telephone predated and was supplanted by more advanced computer technology such as laptops computers and smartphones.

      RHW 'videophone': a telephone that incorporates both voice and video capabilities.
         Cf. RHW 'Picturephone': a brand of videophone that enables telephone users
             to see each other while talking.)

Super-classes Telephone^c

Videotaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Videotaped

Description

''Videotaped'' is the attribute of a some Event that has been recorded on a ''VideoRecording''.

        Corresponds approximately  to adjective sense 2 of 'taped' in Wordnet;
          but the WN gloss may mean or be restricted to audio recording.:   in WordNet:
          2. taped, tape-recorded - (recorded on tape)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Vietnamese^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vietnamese

Description

''Vietnamese'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the coutry of ''Vietnam''or its people or culture or language.

     Includes adjective sense 1 of 'Vietnamese' in Wordnet:
       1. Vietnamese - (of or relating to Vietnam; 'the Vietnamese countryside')
   2. Vietnamese - (of or relating to the Vietnamese language; 'Vietnamese tones')
       3. Vietnamese - (of or relating to or characteristic of the people of Vietnam; 
             'Vietnamese boat people')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

VietnamesePerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VietnamesePerson`
Description	This is the collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Vietnam, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Vietnamese' in WordNet: 1. Vietnamese, Annamese - (a native or inhabitant of Vietnam)`
Super-classes	PersonByNationality^c AsianPerson^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vietnam^c

View^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#View`
Description	A 'View' is a 'Scene' observed from one vantage point. Since the view is considered from one vantage point, the visual properties selected by this type are the ones that can be seen from that vantage point. The View can be indoors or outdoors, with a narrow angle or wide angle. For a view of an outdoors location (vista or panorama), use 'Scenery'. NOTE that 'panorama' has its own entry (for wide-angle views) and ''Scenery'' also uses the same synset. NOTE that in WordNet a 'view' is a visual perception, whereas in in COSMO it is a situation which is the visual part of the physical situation. These are different concepts. The perception of a View needs to be represented!!. @ToDo: NOTE: a 'View' of a particular object may be described differently at different times, especially when lighting conditions differ. This type may need some relation to a particular time to represent that aspect. NOTE the restriction that requires that instantiation of a 'View' requires specifying some Person or Agent who was able to see it - possibly the one who describes it as a 'View' or the one who originally described it. It is not a View unless someone can see it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of'view' and part of noun sense 3 of 'scene' in WordNet: 3. (13) view, aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama - (the visual percept of a region; 'the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views')
Super-classes	Scene^c
Restrictions	wasVisibleTo^op some (IntentionalAgent^c or Person^c or AgentType^c or PersonType^c)
Sub-classes	SideView^c Reflection^c Background^c RearView^c CloudlessSky^c SymmetricView^c Scenery^c VideoDisplay^c Tableau^c Foreground^c FullMoon^c CrescentMoon^c

Viewing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viewing`
Description	Each instance of 'Viewing' is an Event (mostly used for Sports games or public events or or shows, live or recorded) in which an agent visually perceives a Scene or some Event, paying attention for more than a brief interval. The difference from 'Looking' is primarily in the degree of attention and length of time the Looking takes place. This sense is related to but not identical to the notion of 'view' as used in phrases such as 'there is a good view from this seat' or'you can get a good view of the valley from the ridge'. See entry 'View'. This sense also represents the viewing of entertainment events such as plays and movies 'did you see the latest 'Star Wars' episode?' NOTE that in WordNet 'view', 'scene' and 'panorama' are visual perceptions, but those terms in COSMO are classified as PersistentStates. This type 'Viewing' is closer to the sense labeled by those WordNet terms, and is also close to sense 3 of the verb 'view. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'view'. senses 1 and 3 of 'watch', sense 7 of 'see' in WordNet: 1. (77) watch - (look attentively; 'watch a basketball game') 3. (4) watch, view, see, catch, take in - (see or watch; 'view a show on television'; 'This program will be seen all over the world'; 'view an exhibition'; 'Catch a show on Broadway'; 'see a movie')
Super-classes	Looking^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op some (Scene^c or Event^c or ActionShowing^c or EventType^c)
Sub-classes	ViewingAnAstronomicalObject^c ViewingMerchandise^c ViewingScenery^c Previewing^c http://micra.com/COSMO/ContemplativeViewing^c Staring^c

ViewingAnAstronomicalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViewingAnAstronomicalObject`
Description	'ViewingAnAstronomicalObject'' is a ''Viewing'' Event in which some ''Observer'' intentionally looks at some ''AstronomicalObject'', of any kind, outside the Earth (or if the viewing is done in outer space, outside whatever planet the Observer is on). `This Action can be performed with or without optical instruments, whether directly or through some instrument, but requires that the Observer receive light rays from the AstronomicalOject being observed.`
Super-classes	Viewing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObserved^op value AstronomicalObject^c isaPerceptionOf^op value AstronomicalObject^c
Sub-classes	ViewingTheSun^c

ViewingMerchandise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViewingMerchandise`
Description	Each instance of ''ViewingMerchandise'' is a ''Viewing'' Event in which an agent looks at a ''Merchandise'' (products for sale), ntnecessrily with the intention of buying tany ofhem.
Super-classes	Viewing^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op value DisplayedObjects^c hadObjectObserved^op value Merchandise^c

ViewingScenery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViewingScenery`
Description	Each instance of ''ViewingScenery'' is a ''Viewing'' Event in which an agent looks at a ''Panorama'' (a ''View'' that extends a mile or more). `Not exactly the same as 'sightseeing' because sightseeing can be of small and close objects as well, as in a city center. See ''Overlook'' for one of many places where this can occur.`
Super-classes	Viewing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObserved^op value Panorama^c isaPerceptionOf^op value Panorama^c

ViewingStage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViewingStage`
Description	A stage of any kind, indoor or outdoor, designed to support people at a height above the ground, so they can be viewed better by an audience. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stage' in WordNet: 3. (205) stage - (a large platform on which people can stand and can be seen by an audience; 'he clambered up onto the stage and got the actors to help him into the box')`
Super-classes	Platform^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Raised^c
Sub-classes	StageForPerformances^c

ViewingTheSun^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViewingTheSun`
Description	'''ViewingTheSun'' is a 'ViewingAnAstronomicalObject'' where the ''AstronomicalObject'', is Earth's sun (''Sol''); this includes viewing the whole sun or viewing part of the sun.
Super-classes	ViewingAnAstronomicalObject^c
Restrictions	isaPerceptionOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c hadObjectObserved^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Sol^c

Vigil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vigil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vigil' in WordNet: 2. vigil, watch - (the rite of staying awake for devotional purposes (especially on the eve of a religious festival))`
Super-classes	Rite^c KeepingWatch^c

Vigilance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vigilance`
Description	''Vigilance'' is the state of someone who is carefully paying attention and watching for some potentially harmful situation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vigilance' in WordNet: 1. (2) watchfulness, wakefulness, vigilance, alertness - (the process of paying close and continuous attention; 'wakefulness, watchfulness, and bellicosity make a good hunter'; 'vigilance is especially susceptible to fatigue')`
Super-classes	Alertness^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Alert^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Vigilant^c

Vigilant^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vigilant`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vigilant' in WordNet: 1. argus-eyed, open-eyed, vigilant, wakeful, watchful - (carefully observant or attentive; on the lookout for possible danger; 'a policy of open-eyed awareness'; 'the vigilant eye of the town watch'; 'there was a watchful dignity in the room'; 'a watchful parent with a toddler in tow')`
Super-classes	Alert^c
Sub-classes	Wary^c

Vigilante^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vigilante`
Description	$Vigilantes are people who take law into their own hands, by seeking out, and often punishing, perceived wrong-doers without the full force of the law on their side. #$Vigilantes are often perceived as #$Criminals in their own right. NOTE: a Person cannot be a ''Vigilante'' and also a ''LawEnforcementOfficer'' (who is paid by a government to enforce the law). NOTE: how to say 'take the law into their own hands' in logic looks tricky. That will have to be deferred. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vigilante' in WordNet: 1. vigilante, vigilance man - (member of a vigilance committee)
Super-classes	Criminal^c Volunteer^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Vigilantism^c

Vigilantism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vigilantism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vigilantism' in WordNet: 1. (1) vigilantism - (the actions of a vigilance committee in trying to enforce the laws)`
Super-classes	Crime^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Vigilante^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Illegal^c

Vignette^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vignette

Description

         Includes RHW 'vignette':
           1.  a decorative design or small illustration used on 
              the title page of a book or at the beginning or end of a chapter.

         Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vignette' in WordNet:
           3. vignette - (a small illustrative sketch (as sometimes placed at
               the beginning of chapters in books))

Super-classes Sketch^c

VignettePhotograph^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VignettePhotograph`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vignette' in WordNet: 2. vignette - (a photograph whose edges shade off gradually)`
Super-classes	Photograph^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Vigor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vigor`
Description	This Trait is a form of 'style'. The 'vigor' of body or mind is represented by ''Vitality''. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vigor' in WordNet: 3. energy, muscularity, vigor, vigour, vim - (an imaginative lively style (especially style of writing); 'his writing conveys great energy'; 'a remarkable muscularity of style')`
Super-classes	Sprightliness^c
Sub-classes	Verve^c

Vigorous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vigorous

Description

''Vigorous'' is an attribute of Actions - not necessarily human - that require expenditure of a large amount of muscular effort.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vigorous' in Wordnet:
      1. (13) vigorous - (characterized by forceful and energetic 
           action or activity; 'a vigorous hiker'; 'gave her skirt a vigorous shake';
           'a vigorous campaign'; 'a vigorous foreign policy'; 
           'vigorous opposition to the war')

Super-classes Energetic^c

Vigorously^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vigorously`
Description	''Vigorously'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that characterizes actions to assert that they were performed 'with vigor', i.e. with more than the average force or speed and/or endurance. `Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vigorously' in Wordnet: 1. (5) vigorously, smartly - (with vigor; in a vigorous manner; 'he defended his ideas vigorously')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Tempestuously^c Furiously^c

Viking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viking`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Viking' in WordNet: 1. Viking - (any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries)`
Super-classes	Warrior^c
Restrictions	wasAliveDuring^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Years700to1200^c inhabits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Scandinavia^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value RaidingForLoot^c

Vile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vile`
Description	''Vile'' characterizes something that can cause both ''Contempt'' and ''Despising''. This can characterize a ''HumanActivity'' or a ''Person''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vile' in Wordnet: 1. (1) despicable, ugly, vile, slimy, unworthy, worthless, wretched - (morally reprehensible; 'would do something as despicable as murder'; 'ugly crimes'; 'the vile development of slavery appalled them'; 'a slimy little liar')`
Super-classes	Contemptible^c
Sub-classes	Evil^c

Villa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Villa`
Description	A ''Villa'' is a detached residential building, larger than a common suburban house, usually on a large lot in a rural setting. There is a different WN sense of 'villa' for smaller suburban houses; that is not included here. `CYC: Large many-roomed residences set in rural settings, often with extensive gardens, fountains, and outdoor #$Sculptures. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'villa' in WordNet: 4. villa - (pretentious and luxurious country residence with extensive grounds)`
Super-classes	Residence^c Building^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Luxurious^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Pretentious^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c isLocatedAt^op value RuralArea^c

Village^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Village`
Description	In COSMO, the most general urban area is a 'Municipality' and 'City' and 'Town' and 'Village' are distinct subtypes of 'Municipality', depending on their size. In general, a 'Village' will be smaller than a 'Town', but there may be some overlap. There is at present (rev903) no distinct borderline distinguishing the two. NOTE: in COSMO the most general urban area is 'Municipality', whereas it is 'City' in CYC, so a 'village; is not a subtype of 'City' in COSMO, as it is in CYC. CYC: A subcollection of #$City. Each instance of #$Village consists of a small cluster of buildings located in a rural area. Most of the buildings are typically residents' houses; others might include shops, schools, churches, and the like. Many residents of a village typically work in the surrounding coutryside (say as farmers). Since #$Village is a subcollection of #$City (q.v.), an instance must in some way be self-governed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'village' in WordNet: 1. (29) village, small town, settlement - (a community of people smaller than a town)
Super-classes	Town^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Sub-classes	Commune^c CowTown^c HamletVillage^c

Villager^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Villager`
Description	A ''Villager'' is a Person who is a 'Resident''of some ''Village'' `RHW : an inhabitant of a village. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'villager' in WordNet, including any Person who is a settled resident of a ''Village'' in WordNet: 1. (2) villager - (one who has lived in a village most of their life)`
Super-classes	Resident^c
Restrictions	residesIn^op some Village^c

Vinaigrette^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vinaigrette`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vinaigrette' in WordNet: 1. French dressing, vinaigrette, sauce vinaigrette - (oil and vinegar with mustard and garlic)`
Super-classes	SaladDressing^c

Vindication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vindication`
Description	A ''Vindication'' is a ''Justification'' for some Assertion. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vindication' in WordNet: 2. defense, defence, vindication - (the justification for some act or belief; 'he offered a persuasive defense of the theory')`
Super-classes	Justification^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op some Assertion^c
Sub-classes	Alibi^c

Vine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vine`
Description	`CYC 'Vine-Plant': A specialization of #$Plant and #$TerrestrialOrganism. Each instance of #$Vine-Plant is a plant that grows in a form chacterized by long tendrils or long, narrow, flexible ropy strands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vine' in WordNet: 1. (7) vine - (a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface)`
Super-classes	VascularPlant^c TerrestrialOrganism^c
Sub-classes	Ivy^c PeanutPlant^c CucumberPlant^c PotatoPlant^c ClimbingVine^c SweetPotatoPlant^c GrapeVine^c SweetPea^c GourdPlant^c

Vinegar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vinegar`
Description	`Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'vinegar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) vinegar, acetum - (sour-tasting liquid produced usually by oxidation of the alcohol in wine or cider and used as a condiment or food preservative) 2. vinegar - (dilute acetic acid)`
Super-classes	FoodIngredientOnly^c Acid^c LiquidSubstance^c AqueousSolution^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value AceticAcid^c
Sub-classes	BalsamicVinegar^c

Vineyard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vineyard`
Description	CYC: The collection of agricultural organizations that are running viticultural activities, a specialization of #$CropFarm. Instances of #$Vineyard are farms that are growing grapes [see #$GrapeVine]. Some instances of this collection, but not all, are also producing wine [see #$Wine] and are instances of #$Winery. A domain operated by a vineyard is an instance of #$ViticulturalDomain. `NOTE: In CYC this is the organization; in COSMO this type is the land area, a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vineyard' in WordNet: 1. (1) vineyard, vinery - (a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced)`
Super-classes	GeographicalArea^c Farm^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value GrowingGrapes^c

Vintage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vintage

Description

$Vintage is the attribute value which indicates

        that something is an oldy, but a goody. That is, the product
        was manufactured during some earlier time period and is
        characteristic of the best of that time period. For example,
        vintage clothing is clothing from a particular time period,
        say the 1920's. Note that if you want to be specific
        about the time period in question, you should use
        #$VintageFn. If you just want to talk about oldies but
        goodies in general, then use Vintage.

        No WN synset for this sense - close to RHW sense 10.
        RHW adj 'vintage':  10. old-fashioned or obsolete: vintage jokes.

Super-classes Good^c
Old^c

Vinyl^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vinyl

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces of vinyl.

      Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vinyl' in WordNet:
          2. vinyl - (shiny and tough and flexible plastic; used especially for floor coverings)

Super-classes ArtificialSubstance^c
SolidSubstance^c
Plastic^c

VinylRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VinylRecord`
Description	An instance of a vinyl phonograph record, the physical object, not the informational content. This is the disk-shaped record, not the antique cylinder type. This type is for records made of plastic: metal records (Gold, Platinum) are not instances of this type. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'record' in WordNet: 4. (104) phonograph record, phonograph recording, record, disk, disc, platter - (sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove)`
Super-classes	MusicRecording^c Disk^c SmallRigidSheet^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Plastic^c

Viola^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viola

Description

CYC: stringed instrument slightly larger than a violin.

        Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'viola' in WordNet:
          3. viola - (a bowed stringed instrument slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower)

Super-classes MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c
BowedStringInstrument^c

ViolatingAnObligation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViolatingAnObligation`
Description	A #$FirstOrderCollection. Each instance of #$ViolatingAnObligation is an #$Action in which some #$Obligation (moral, legal, etc.) is violated. Two important specializations are #$ImmoralAct and #$IllegalAction. COSMO note: violating an obligation is something that at least the violator should take note of, and is therefore a SalientBadEvent. This is a way of prioritizing attention of the system. See also the related 'Offending'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violation' and verb sense 2 of 'violate' and to part of (general, not legal) noun sense 3 of 'offense' in Wordnet: 2. (2) violation, infringement - (an act that disregards an agreement or a right; 'he claimed a violation of his rights under the Fifth Amendment') WN verb 'violate': 2. (5) transgress, offend, infract, violate, go against, breach, break - (act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; 'offend all laws of humanity'; 'violate the basic laws or human civilization'; 'break a law'; 'break a promise') WN noun 'offense': 3. (1) misdemeanor, misdemeanour, infraction, offence, offense, violation, infringement - (a crime less serious than a felony)
Super-classes	InfringingARule^c HumanActivity^c SalientBadEvent^c
Restrictions	violatesRule^op some (Obligation^c or Rule^c or PropositionType^c) causes^op value BurdenOfPunishment^c
Sub-classes	IllegalAction^c ViolatingaSportsRule^c Malpractice^c Stealing^c Dishonesty^c Sinning^c Mischief^c

ViolatingaSportsRule^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViolatingaSportsRule`
Description	''ViolatingaSportsRule'' is any Action that infringes (violates) a ''SportsRule'' during a ''SportsEvent'' (or in qualifying for the Event).
Super-classes	ViolatingAnObligation^c InfringingARule^c
Restrictions	violatesRule^op some SportsRule^c

Violent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Violent`
Description	'Violent' is an AttributeValue of an Animal or of an Action. This is an attribute of a ViolentAction, and of the Person who performs that action. It can also characterize non-human animals and their actions. However, it does not apply to feelings, which are included in the WordNet sense below. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'violent' in WordNet: 1. (9) violent - (acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity; 'a violent attack'; 'a violent person'; 'violent feelings'; 'a violent rage'; 'felt a violent dislike')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Ferocious^c

ViolentAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViolentAction`
Description	A specialization of #$HostileSocialAction. Each instance of #$ViolentAction is a purposeful action of a type commonly considered violent - generally because it is an action which intentionally attacks, damages, or destroys another agent, or attacks, damages, or destroys something close to some (target) agent. (This closeness may be physical or may consist in the fact that the agent owns or feels strong positive regard for the thing attacked.) Notable specializations of this collection include #$WagingWar, #$Torture and #$Bombing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violence' in WordNet: 1. (13) violence, force - (an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists); 'he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one')`
Super-classes	PurposefulPhysicalAction^c UndesirableThing^c AttackOnObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Violent^c
Sub-classes	Aggression^c HittingAnOpponent^c Massacre^c Rioting^c MilitaryAttack^c KickingAnOpponent^c TerroristAct^c PunchingSomeone^c Charging-Rushing^c Bombing^c Battle^c Fight-Physical^c PhysicalTorture^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldTradeCenterAttack20010911

ViolentConvict^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViolentConvict`
Description	A ''ViolentConvict'' is a ''Convict'' who habitually or recenty assaulted someone within the Prison, usually another ''Convict''
Super-classes	Convict^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Violent^c

Violently^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Violently`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'violently' in Wordnet: 1. (5) violently - (in a violent manner; 'they attacked violently')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Violet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Violet`
Description	A ''Violet'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''VioletPlant''. No sense of 'violet' in Wordnet for the flower alone (a ''VioletPlant'').
Super-classes	CutFlower^c
Restrictions	isTheFlowerOfa^op value VioletPlant^c hasAttribute^op value VioletColored^c hasColor^op value VioletColor^c

VioletColor^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VioletColor

Description

The deep reddish-blue color characteristic of a common violet plant flower; A Color that has tints of both Reddish and Bluish, with Bluish more prominent

     RHW 'violet':
      6. of the color violet; reddish-blue: violet hats.

      Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'violet' in WordNet;
      NOTE that WordNet does not distinguish 'purple' and 'violet' as an adjective,
      but 'violet' has a noun sense that is similar to RHW.
      in COSMO violet has a heavier tint of blue than of red:

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'violet' in WordNet:
          2. (1) violet, reddish blue - (a variable color that lies beyond blue in the spectrum)

Super-classes Bluish^c
Reddish^c

VioletColored^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VioletColored`
Description	''VioletColored'' is a ''Color'' that takes the value ''VioletColor''.
Super-classes	ReddishColor^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeType^op value Color^c takesValue^op value VioletColor^c

VioletPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VioletPlant

Description

A ''VioletPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'violet', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Violet'' in COSMO.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violet' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) violet - (any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers)

Super-classes FloweringPlant^c

Violin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Violin

Description

SUMO: A StringInstrument that has four strings, a hollow body, and is played on the shoulder with a bow.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violin' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) violin, fiddle - (bowed stringed instrument that is the highest
           member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body
           and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow)

Super-classes MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c
BowedStringInstrument^c

Violinist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Violinist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violinist' in WordNet: 1. (2) violinist, fiddler - (a musician who plays the violin)`
Super-classes	MusicalInstrumentPlayer^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value PlayingaViolin^c performsAction^op value PlayingaViolin^c

Viper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viper`
Description	Venomous snake. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viper' in WordNet: 1. viper - (venomous Old World snakes characterized by hollow venom-conducting fangs in the upper jaw)`
Super-classes	VenomousSnake^c
Sub-classes	PitViper^c

Viral^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viral

Description

This ''Viral'' pertains to a ''Virus'' and things associated with a 'virus'. The term 'viral' has recently also become used for things like ideas that are rapidly disseminated to increasing numbers of people, such as messages transmitted over the internet to large clusters of friends and acquaintances who retransmit the message to others; that sense is not yet represented. @ToDo.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'viral' in Wordnet:
         1. viral - (relating to or caused by a virus; 'viral infection')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

ViralInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViralInfection`
Description	An instance of #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType, and a specialization of #$Infection. Each instance of #$ViralInfection is an infectious disease caused by a virus (see the collection #$Virus). Some specializations of #$ViralInfection are #$Measles, #$Mumps, and #$EbolaHemorrhagicFeverInfection. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viral infection' in WordNet: 1. viral infection, virus infection - (infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans)`
Super-classes	ViralOrBacterialInfection^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op some Virus^c
Sub-classes	Mononucleosis^c Polio^c SmallpoxInfection^c Cold-Illness^c Influenza^c ViralPneumonia^c Rubella^c Measles^c COVID-19_Infection^c Mumps^c Ebola^c AIDS^c Herpes^c Rabies^c

ViralOrBacterialInfection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViralOrBacterialInfection`
Description	The union of subtypes ''BacterialInfection'' and ''ViralInfection''.
Super-classes	Infection^c
Sub-classes	BacterialInfection^c ViralInfection^c

ViralOrBacterialInfectionType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViralOrBacterialInfectionType`
Description	''ViralOrBacterialInfectionType'' is a metatype created to allow reference to a ''BaterialInfection'' or ''ViralInfection'' in one assertion.
Super-classes	InfectionType^c
Members	ViralInfection BacterialInfection ViralOrBacterialInfection

ViralPneumonia^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViralPneumonia

Description

CYC: A collection of infections. Instances of #$ViralPneumonia are pneumonia caused by a virus. Most common pathogen responsible for this kind of diseases are influenza, parainfluenza and varicella viri.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viral pneumonia' in WordNet:
          1. viral pneumonia - (pneumonia caused by a virus)

Super-classes Pneumonia^c
ViralInfection^c

Vireo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vireo`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vireo' in WordNet: 1. vireo - (any of various small insectivorous American birds chiefly olive-grey in color)`
Super-classes	OscineBird^c Insectivore^c

Virgin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virgin

Description

CYC: The collection of instances of #$Animal that have never had sexual intercourse. In general, this applies only to humans and possibly other primates.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'virgin' in WordNet:
            1. (5) virgin - (a person who has never had sex)

Super-classes Animal^c

VirginiaDeer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VirginiaDeer`
Description	A ''VirginiaDeer'' is a common ''Deer'' in eastern North America.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Virginia deer' in WordNet: 1. Virginia deer, white tail, whitetail, white-tailed deer, whitetail deer, Odocoileus Virginianus - (common North American deer; tail has a white underside)`
Super-classes	Deer^c
Restrictions	hasTypicalHabitat^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NorthAmericaRegion^c

Virtual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virtual

Description

''Virtual'' is the subattribute of ''Simulated'' characterizing objects (including actions involving objects) that are ''Simulated'' by creating a model using computer software. A 'Virtual Disk' is a set of software programs together with some hardware that simulates a 'hard disk. A 'virtual reality' program is a computer rogram that simulates a world or objects in a world that ma resemble the ''RealWorld'' to a greater or lesser extent, or be a complete fantasy.

       No WN sense is close enough.
       RHW: 3. temporarily simulated or extended by computer software:
        a virtual disk in RAM; virtual memory on a hard disk.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'virtual' in Wordnet:
           2. virtual - (existing in essence or effect though not in actual fact; 
             'a virtual dependence on charity'; 'a virtual revolution'; 'virtual reality')

Super-classes Simulated^c

VirtualExchange^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VirtualExchange`
Description	A ''VirtualExchange'' is an abstract ''Place'' that is a ''SecuritiesExchange'' where certain items of value such as stocks, bonds or commodities can be traded. This ''Place'' is typically managed by some Organization or group of Organizations that create and enforce the rules for trading. An exchange that is physical location where trading can be performed is represented as ''PhysicalExchange''. `This ''Place'' is created by the connections, usually electrical or electronic, between trading organizations or individual traders.`
Super-classes	SecuritiesExchange^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities^c

VirtualImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VirtualImage`
Description	A ''VirtualImage'' is an ''AbstractImage'' that by some criterion appears to be a physical ''StillImage''in one place, but is actually only the appearance of an image formed by light rays directed or bent by some optical device such as a mirror or a lens. Interesting optical phenomenon. `This 'virtual' is not the ''Virtual'' used for 'virtual reality'. RHW 'virtual': 2. Optics. a. noting an image formed by the apparent convergence of rays geometrically, but not actually, prolonged, as the image formed by a mirror (opposed to real). b. noting a focus of a system forming virtual images. WN only has one sense: This type is broader. in WordNet: 1. virtual image - (a reflected optical image (as seen in a plane mirror))`
Super-classes	AbstractImage^c
Restrictions	appearsToBe^op value StillImage^c

VirtualMarket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VirtualMarket`
Description	A 'VirtualMarket' is the Group of all sales of some kind of thing, together with the procedural mechanisms that facilitate such sales, such as transmitting orders by any communications medium. This is a complex Event. The sense of 'market' meaning 'average price' for some objects or securities is related, but a different sense. (@ToDo add 'MarketAverage') This is not identical to the infrastructure that can facilitate such activity, such as an online site, or the complex of brokers and formal marketplaces (such as the 'New York Stock Exchange'), but is only the Group of selling/buying transactions themselves. Close to the Cyc 'Market', which seems to include only the sales themselves. Called 'Market' inCyc: Cyc: Markets can be thought of as all sales satisfying some criterion - for example, sales in the US of home furnishings, or worldwide sales to teenagers of Billy Idol records. Corresponds approximately to part of sense 1 of 'market' in WordNet: 1. (213) market, marketplace - (the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold; 'without competition there would be no market'; 'they were driven from the marketplace')
Super-classes	Group^c BusinessEvent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (Buying^c or Selling^c or Transaction^c)

Virtue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virtue`
Description	''Virtue' is a broad AttributeType whose associated AttributeValues are considered as 'Good' to have. The 'goodness' may be of any kind, such as fitness for a purpose ('the virtue of this approach') or evaluative godness (moral virtue). The subtypes and associated AttributeValues differentiate the different kinds of 'virtue'. `Tough this AttributeType and the type ''Value'' both refer to in in positive quality(s) that make something desirable or useful or admirable, a ''Virtue'' need not have some resulting effect to justify its classification as such. it is an intrinsical attribute. This is the most general sense that includes all 4 noun senses 1 of 'virtue' in WordNet: 2. (3) merit, virtue - (any admirable quality or attribute; 'work of great merit') 4. virtue - (a particular moral excellence)`
Super-classes	AttributeType^c Goodness^c
Sub-classes	Merit^c MoralVirtue^c

Virtuosity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virtuosity`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'virtuosity' in WordNet: 1. virtuosity - (technical skill or fluency or style exhibited by a virtuoso)`
Super-classes	Expertise^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Accomplished^c

Virtuoso^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virtuoso`
Description	A ''Virtuoso'' is a Person who is recognized for outstanding performance in some (any) field `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'virtuoso' in WordNet: 1. (1) ace, adept, champion, sensation, maven, mavin, virtuoso, genius, hotshot, star, superstar, whiz, whizz, wizard, wiz - (someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Accomplishment^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Accomplished^c
Sub-classes	VirtuosoMusician^c StarEntertainer^c

VirtuosoMusician^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VirtuosoMusician

Description

A ''VirtuosoMusician'' is a ''Musician'' who is exceptionally skilled and considered a ''Virtuoso''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'virtuoso' in WordNet:
          2. virtuoso - (a musician who is a consummate master of technique and artistry)

Super-classes Virtuoso^c
Musician^c

Virtuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virtuous

Description

An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated conforms to a code of morality handed down by God. This is the opposite of 'Sinful'.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'virtuous' in WordNet;
       merely conforming to an ethical code is insufficient fo rthis
       attribute to apply - one must be adhereing to god's code.  in WordNet:
       1. virtuous - (morally excellent)

Super-classes Moral^c

Virtuously^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virtuously

Description

''Virtuously'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that are perfomred in a ''Moral'' manner.

        Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 2 of 'morally' in Wordnet:
          2. morally, virtuously - (in a moral manner; 'he acted morally under the circumstances')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Virulent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virulent`
Description	an AttributeValue of certain microorganisms, of diseases, and also Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'virulent' in Wordnet: 2. virulent - (infectious; having the ability to cause disease)
Super-classes	Infectious^c

Virus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Virus`
Description	A Virus is a life form that, in one stage if its life cycle, may consists simply of DNA or RNA coated by protein, or, in more complex forms, may have a membrane and some enzymes. But the memberane is lost when the virus infects a cell and multiplies, so that membrane does not serve as a cell membrane, and even the complex viruses are not organisms for this classification. In Cyc, a Virus is an organism, but in COSMO it is not. NOTE that a Virus is an Object, and the proper interpretation should be a single virus particle. A Group of virus particles could also be considered as a Group object, but that has not yet (v0.81) been represented in COSMO. Cyc: A specialization of #$Microorganism. Each instance of #$Virus consists mainly of a capsid (capsule chamber) containing viral DNA or RNA. Viruses have no cells, but reproduce by inserting into living cells the viral DNA or RNA, which then uses cellular mechanisms to create new viruses. Viruses cause many diseases in all other types of organisms; some can even infect instances of #$Bacterium. Note that #$Virus excludes prions, bacteria, rickettsia, and protists. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'virus' in Wordnet: 1. (4) virus - ((virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein)
Super-classes	MicroLifeForm^c DependentLifeForm^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value ProteinMolecule^c hasPhysicalPart^op value NucleicAcidMolecule^c
Sub-classes	DNAVirus^c Bacteriophage^c Rabies-Virus^c PathogenicVirus^c

Visa-Document^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visa-Document

Description

A specialization of #$LegalDocument. Each instance of #$Visa-Document is a document issued by the government of some country to one (or more) person(s), authorizing that person (or those persons) to enter that country and remain for a certain period of time while engaging in certain specified activities (e.g., study, travel, work).

      NOTE: this is not necessarily a *separate* 'Document', as it can
        be merely a stamp placed on some page of a Person's
        ''Passport'' after the passport was inspcted by some agent
        of the country that issued the'Visa''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visa' in WordNet:
          1. visa - (an endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer 
             to enter the country issuing it)

Super-classes IDDocument^c
CertificateDocument^c
LegalDocument^c

Visa-Permit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visa-Permit

Description

A specialization of both #$Permission and #$LegalAgreement. Each instance of #$Visa-Permit is an authorization issued by the government of some country to one (or more) person(s), stating that s/he is allowed to enter that country and remain for a certain period of time while engaging in certain specified activities (e.g., study, travel, work). Specializations of #$Visa-Permit include #$H1WorkVisa, #$F1WorkVisa, and #$GreenCard.

        NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the 'visa' as  a
          document and the 'visa' as an abstract 'right' to enter
          a country.  This is the ''Right'' granted by the country
          being entered; this is also represented by the WN 'visa'

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visa' in WordNet:
            1. visa - (an endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer 
                to enter the country issuing it)

Super-classes Permission^c
LegalAgreement^c
AuthorizedAgreement^c
Right^c
Approval^c
Credential^c

Viscosity^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viscosity

Description

''Viscosity'' is an AttributeType that characterizes the property of a liquid or semisolid substance that determines how quickly it can flow through a channel, or spread on a surface under the influence of gravity,or impedes the passage of objects through it.

       CYC: A collection of attributes; a subcollection of
        #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Viscosity represents
        a specific viscosity (i.e., 'runniness') of some
        substance. The lower the viscosity of a substance, the more
        easily it flows or spreads out. Vicosities of objects are
        indicated with the predicate #$viscosityOfSubstance.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viscosity' in WordNet:
          1. (9) viscosity, viscousness - (resistance of a liquid 
             to sheer forces (and hence to flow))

Super-classes PhysicalQuantity^c
PhysicalAttribute^c
MeasurableQuantity^c

ViscosityType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViscosityType`
Description	''ViscosityType'' is specialized to allow both qualitative and quantitative values of 'viscosity'.
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c
Members	Viscous

Viscount^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viscount

Description

CYC: The collection of all viscounts, or male persons who hold hereditary viscount titles in the systems of nobility of Europe, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Viscountess.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'viscount' in WordNet:
          2. viscount - (a British peer who ranks below an earl and above a baron)

Super-classes PeerNoble^c
MalePerson^c

Viscountess^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viscountess

Description

CYC: The collection of all viscountesses, or female persons who hold hereditary viscount-level titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like #$France, #$Italy, #$Spain, or the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Viscount.

        Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'viscountess' in WordNet:
          1. viscountess - (a wife or widow of a viscount)
          2. viscountess - (a noblewoman holding the rank of viscount in her own right)

Super-classes FemalePerson^c
PeerNoble^c

Viscous^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viscous`
Description	''Viscous'' is a qualitative attribute of liquid substances having a high ''Viscosity'' relative to pure water, causing them to flow under gravity much slower than water (at least 2x slower) through a narrow tube, e.g. a tube of about 5 mm in diameter. Examples are honey, crude oil, engine lubricating oils. `NOTE that ''Viscosity'' is a quantitative attribute that can be assigned higher or lower values. This attribute applies to liquids that are notably more viscous than water. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'viscous' and sense 2 of 'syrupy' in WordNet: 1. syrupy, viscous - (having a relatively high resistance to flow)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Spreadable^c Sticky^c

Vise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vise`
Description	A device used to hold an object in a certain position such that it doesn't move while it is acted on. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vise' in WordNet: 1. vise, bench vise - (a holding device attached to a workbench; has two jaws to hold workpiece firmly in place)`
Super-classes	HolderGripper^c MechanicalDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value HoldingAnObjectInPlace^c hasComponentPart^op value GrippingJaw^c isAttachedTo^op value WorkBench^c

Visible^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visible`
Description	'Visible' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event or of an AttributeValue of some object, that can be seen with the human eye (perhaps with the aid of optical devices). Things that are hidden, either inside a space not humanly accessible, or hidden by a barrier, are not 'Visible' in this sense. This AttributeValue will be true or not depending on circumstances, such as being in the right location, so it needs to be interpreted as 'Visible to some specific person(s)'. Things that are transparent, such as the Atmosphere, or clear water (from within the water) are invisible: but this requires the specification of the perspective: the atmosphere or clear water may be 'visible' from outside the object, by refraction of light. @ToDo: how to specify this qualification?? `See also the relation 'wasVisibleTo' Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'visible' in WordNet (sense 2 should be a subtype 'noticeable'.): in WordNet: 1. (15) visible, seeable - (capable of being seen; or open to easy view; 'a visible object'; 'visible stars'; 'mountains visible in the distance'; 'a visible change of expression'; 'visible files') 2. (2) visible - (obvious to the eye; 'a visible change of expression')`
Super-classes	Perceivable^c
Sub-classes	Conspicuous^c PubliclyVisible^c Radiant^c Yon^c

VisibleLight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisibleLight`
Description	CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$Light. Every instance of #$VisibleLight is an instance of #$ElectromagneticRadiation having a wavelength approximately between 3800 and 7750 #$Angstroms, i.e., light visible to human eyes. Notable specializations include #$MoonLight and #$Rainbow. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visible light' in Wordnet: 1. (4) light, visible light, visible radiation - ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; 'the light was filtered through a soft glass window')`
Super-classes	Light^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Visible^c
Sub-classes	MoonLight^c BrightIlluminatingLight^c Daylight^c LampLight^c MulticoloredLight^c

VisiblePhenomenon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisiblePhenomenon`
Description	A ''VisiblePhenomenon'' is an Event which can be observed by the Light that is emitted from it or reflected from the objects participating in it.
Super-classes	Phenomenon^c VisibleThing^c

VisibleThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisibleThing`
Description	A ''VisibleThing'' is anything that is''Visible'' . This includes not only Objects but light waves; therefore, as light is an Event rather than an Object, this cannot be restricted to Objects. This is for visibility in visible light' which may include that part of the infrared spectrum that can be seen using infrared goggles. `On general, a PhysicalObject is visible only when there is sufficient light. That restriction is not specified here (rev1453). But this should be interpreted as meaning 'visible now from the viewpint of the normal obsever' which means not hidden or obscured..`
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Visible^c
Sub-classes	Eyesore^c VisiblePhenomenon^c

Visibly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visibly

Description

''Visibly'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' and ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies adjectives and Events.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'visibly' in Wordnet:
            1. (3) visibly - (in a visible manner; 'he was visibly upset')
            2. (1) visibly - (so as to be visible; 'the sign was visibly displayed')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

VisiblyGranular^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisiblyGranular`
Description	VisiblyGranular is the property of substances whose individual grains are so large that they can be seen and handled individually. The common form of coal used for heating is an example. Sand, table salt, and table sugar are borderline included examples of granular substances..
Super-classes	Granular^c

Vision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vision`
Description	This is the abstract representation of the result of some ''Imagining'' Event. This is an AbstractObject, not itself an Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vision' in WordNet: 1. (13) vision - (a vivid mental image; 'he had a vision of his own death')`
Super-classes	MentalImagery^c
Restrictions	isTheProductOf^op some Imagining^c

Visionary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visionary`
Description	A ''Visionary'' is a Person who is attracted to 'visions' of things that may be possible, though they seem impractical to others. The WordNet gloss seems a bit harsh, as some people who have successfully pursued idealistic projects were considered as mere 'visionaries or 'dreamers'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visionary' in WordNet: 1. visionary - (a person given to fanciful speculations and enthusiasms with little regard for what is actually possible)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Sub-classes	Idealist^c

Visitation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visitation`
Description	A ''Visitation'' is a ''VisitingSomeone'' that has some special character, such as being part of an Official's duty, or being performed by some eminent Agent. The term 'visitation' is sometimes used for a 'visit' by an spiritual entity such as ghost, a saint, an angel or a god. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'visitation' in WordNet: 3. visitation - (an official visit for inspection or supervision; 'the commissioner made visitations to all the precinct stations'; 'the recent visitation of the bishop to his diocese')`
Super-classes	VisitingSomeone^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Person^c

Visiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visiting`
Description	'Visiting' is an Action where one Person makes a short 'TakingaTrip' action to see one specific person or to go to some location (for any reason, e.g. socialization, business, work, consultation, medical treatment), usually for a short period of time, for a few minutes to a few weeks. This specializes 'TakingaTrip' only in having a limited end point, and in being for the purpose of seeing something or someone and possibly interacting with a person (for any reason), but not to travel around or to conduct business transactions (other than personal business as to a doctor,lawyer, or accountant). A 'Visiting' trip can last over a week, but should be less than a month; after a month, such a trip becomes a 'stay', not a 'visit'. 'Visiting' can be to a place for sightseeing, but is not limited to sightseeing. A ''Visiting'' action can be part of a LongJourney, as in 'while in Athens we visited the Parthenon'. Includes parts of noun sense 1 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'visit' and noun sense 1 of 'trip' in WordNet: 1. (11) visit - (the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time; 'he dropped by for a visit') WN verb 'visit': 1. (29) visit, see - (visit a place, as for entertainment; 'We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning') 2. (24) travel to, visit - (go to certain places as for sightseeing; 'Did you ever visit Paris?')
Super-classes	Observing^c TakingaTrip^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some Visitor^c
Sub-classes	VisitingSomeone^c Sleepover^c VisitingaMedicalFacility^c VisitingaPlace^c

VisitingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisitingSomeone`
Description	A 'Visiting' Action in which the purpose is to see a Person, and the destination is away from the visitor's home. In English, often phrase as 'to pay a visit' to someone or 'to drop in on' someone. Usually the visit is for a short time, but it could be as much as several weeks, but is not a permanent stay. A visit to a Doctor or lawyer or accountant is also an instance, though the CYC type seems to be more narrowly social in purpose. The Event that is the purpose of this Action is one type of ''Rendezvous'', a planned meeting.. CYC: A collection of actions. In a #$VisitingSomeone event, one #$Agent travels or moves to the vicinity of another #$Agent for the purpose of meeting with that other #$Agent. Each #$VisitingSomeone is purposeful, at least on the part of the #$Agent doing the travelling, and that #$Agent is typically a #$Person, and the purpose is often social in nature. Includes parts of part (for going to see a Person) of noun sense 1 of 'visit'in WordNet: 1. (11) visit - (the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time; 'he dropped by for a visit')
Super-classes	Visiting^c Translation-LocationChange^c SociabilityBasedAction^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op some Person^c isPerformedBy^op value Visitor^c hasSubEvent^op value Rendezvous^c
Sub-classes	Visitation^c

VisitingaMedicalFacility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisitingaMedicalFacility`
Description	''VisitingMedicalFacility' is a 'Visiting' Action in which the purpose is to undergo some ''MedicalCareEvent'' , which can take place in the office of a ''MedicalCareProvider'' that may not usually qualify as a ''MedicalFacility'' but is included for this purpose.. This does not include any 'visit' that includes an overnight stay.
Super-classes	Visiting^c
Restrictions	hasPurpose^op value MedicalCareEvent^c hasEndingPlace^op some MedicalFacility^c

VisitingaPlace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisitingaPlace`
Description	''VisitingaPlace'' is a 'Visiting' Action in which the purpose is mostly to go to a particular location for the character of the location, rather than for some social Activity that is occurring there. This Action includes a ''Sojourn'' (staying in that place) as a salient SubEvent. `Includes parts of part (for going to see a 'Place' rather than a Person) of noun sense 1 of 'visit'in WordNet: 1. (11) visit - (the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time; 'he dropped by for a visit')`
Super-classes	Visiting^c Translation-LocationChange^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Sojourn^c hasEndingPlace^op some Place^c
Sub-classes	RevisitingaPlace^c FrequentlyVisitingaPlace^c

Visitor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visitor`
Description	The Role of a ''Person'' (often an Acquaintance) who visits a person at the location where a Person is - not necessarily at the person's home. This is for visiting people only; for visiting places, use the more general 'traveller'. The Person visited may be only someone working at a location. `Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'visitor' in WordNet: 1. (8) visitor, visitant - (someone who visits)`
Super-classes	Traveler^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some VisitingSomeone^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op some Visiting^c roleMayBeFilledBy^op value Acquaintance^c
Sub-classes	Guest^c Walk-in^c

Visor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visor`
Description	A ''Visor'' is a ''Brim'' on a ''Cap'', projecting from the 'front' of the ''Cap'' even if the ''Cap'' is worn backward.. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'visor' (not including the kind of visor ('eyeshade' that includes ony the front projection, held on by a band around the head).in WordNet: 2. bill, peak, eyeshade, visor, vizor - (a brim that projects to the front to shade the eyes; 'he pulled down the bill of his cap and trudged ahead')`
Super-classes	Projection^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Cap^c

Visual^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visual

Description

''Visual'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the sense of vision (''SenseOfSight'' in COSMO) and the act of ''Seeing'' and both natural and artifactual systems or methods that use, participate in or assist the sense of sight.

       Corresponds to adjectuve sense 1 of 'visual' in WordNet:
         1. (27) ocular, optic, optical, visual - (relating to or using sight;
         'ocular inspection'; 'an optical illusion'; 'visual powers'; 'visual navigation')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

VisualAcuity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualAcuity`
Description	Each 'VisualAcuity' is an AttributeValue of animals, or artificial sensors that specifies how sensitive a general visual sense is, or what particular colors can be discriminated. `The more common notion of 'sense of vision' as one of the 'five sense' is that exhibited by animals, and is represented asthe subtype ''SenseOfVision''`
Super-classes	SensoryAbility^c AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	SenseOfVision^c

VisualAid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualAid`
Description	A ''VisualAid'' is a ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject'' - usually an Object having a two-dimensional image with or without text, such as a slide or a projected image of a slide or of some computerized image, or a poster or flip-chart or any other object with information on it that is used to assist for transmitting information, especially in teaching or ''Lecture''s or ''Presentations''s. `No WN entry. RHW noun 'visual aid': any of various materials depending on the sense of sight, as films, slides, photographs, etc., used as aids in teaching. [1910-15]`
Super-classes	HardcopyInformationBearingObject^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op some (Presentation^c or Informing^c or Teaching^c or PublicSpeech^c)
Sub-classes	SetOfSlides^c LanternSlide^c

VisualArtActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualArtActivity`
Description	NOTE that the product need not be FineArt, it can be some visual art object that has a practical purpose, such as photographs taken for person use or commercial use, as well as for the sake of Art. The thing created may be a physical representation other than on a surface, such as a DigitalPhotograph or an image in computer memory generated by some computer-based process. `Cyc: The collection of activities that instances of #$Artist-Visual do. This includes things like #$PaintingAPicture, (#$MakingFn #$Sculpture), and #$TakingaPhotograph.`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c Creation^c ArtActivity^c
Restrictions	produced^op some (ArtObject^c or PhysicalImage^c)
Sub-classes	PaintingAPicture^c TakingaPhotograph^c Tattooing^c MakingaVideoRecording^c Sculpting^c Depicting^c Drawing-Depicting^c CreatingAComputerImage^c

VisualArtifact-CW^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualArtifact-CW`
Description	A specialization of #$VisualWork. Each instance of #$VisualArtifact-CW is an abstract work intended to be instantiated as an instance of #$Artifact in a manner that would permit it to be viewed. Notable instances include paintings (instantiated as instances of #$Painting-ArtForm), photographs, drawings, engravings, and sculptures.
Super-classes	VisualWork^c
Sub-classes	Diagram^c Map^c

VisualArtist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualArtist`
Description	A ''VisualArtist'' is an ''VisualArtist'' that creates works intended to appeal to the sight, whether in two or three dimensions.
Super-classes	Artist^c
Sub-classes	Sculptor^c GraphicArtist^c

VisualImageRecording^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualImageRecording`
Description	A specialization of #$InformationRecordingProcess. Each instance of #$VisualImageRecording is an event in which a #$VisualImage is recorded using a #$VisualInformationRecordingDevice. Specializations include #$TakingaPhotograph and #$MakingAVideoRecording.
Super-classes	Imaging^c InformationRecordingEvent^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Camera^c
Sub-classes	TakingaPhotograph^c WebcamBroadcasting^c MakingaVideoRecording^c TakingAnX-Ray^c VideoCassetteRecordingAction^c

VisualImpairment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualImpairment`
Description	''VisualImpairment'' is a ''Disability'' in which the ability to see is significantly less than that of a typical animal of its type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visual impairment' in WordNet: 1. visual impairment, visual defect, vision defect, visual disorder - (impairment of the sense of sight)`
Super-classes	Disability^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Animal^c hinders^op value Seeing^c
Sub-classes	Blindness^c

VisualInformationBearingThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualInformationBearingThing`
Description	A specialization of both #$Artifact-Generic and #$InformationBearingThing. Each instance of this collection is an artifact from which information is extracted by viewing it (note that a viewer may need to be familiar with an appropriate set of interpretive conventions in order to do this). Examples of #$VisualInformationBearingThing include handwritten letters, newspapers, sculptures, television sets, and neon signs. (Thus, the information content of #$VisualInformationBearingThings may or may not be propositional in nature.) In the proper conditions, instances of #$VisualInformationBearingThing produce instances of #$VisualImage (which, unlike instances of #$VisualInformationBearingThing, are instances of #$Event). For example, if one shines light on a photograph, a characteristic #$VisualImage is produced. Likewise, if one electrifies a neon sign, a #$VisualImage is produced. A notable specialization of this collection is #$StillImageSource - sources of #$VisualImage that do not move (which thus includes all the examples of #$VisualInformationBearingThing given above except for the television set). See also the predicate #$visuallyDepicts. `COSMO note: this category has been interpreted as potentially representing visual signalling events (e.g. 'Gesture', and is therefore very generic. For physical objects bearing visual information, use 'StillImageSource'`
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c Artifact-Generic^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalImage^c Gesture^c TrafficLight^c FacialExpression^c Model-Artifact^c Nameplate^c StillImageSource^c

VisualInformationGeneratingAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualInformationGeneratingAct`
Description	A specialization of #$IBTGeneration (q.v.). Each instance of #$VisualInformationGeneratingAct is an action that generates visual information (i.e. information of a kind typically accessed via the sense of sight). Specializations of this collection include #$MakingAGesture, #$DisplayingSomething, and #$Writing. If a given visual-information-generating act also involves conveying the information to another agent (i.e. if it is a #$Communicating), then it is also a #$VisualCommunicating (q.v.). Or a visual-information-generating act might be a proper sub-event of a visual-communicating act. COSMO note: the information generated does not have to be literally 'visual', since content generated e.g. by a sensor in a form that could be transmitted to and read by a person or automaton. Also, to accommodate the SUMO equivalent, content modification is also included here. This is a broad category of information eneration, but making sounds, as in talking, would be a form of IBTGeneration that is not included. Similar to the SUMO 'ContentDevelopment' SUMO: A subclass of IntentionalProcess in which content is modified, its form is altered or it is created anew.
Super-classes	IBTGeneration^c
Sub-classes	ShowingSomething^c Writing^c DisplayingInformation^c Printing^c MakingAGesture^c WritingWithIdeograms^c

VisualInformationRecordingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualInformationRecordingDevice`
Description	Specifically for recording images, but this can be a parent for a Device that does sound and video recording.
Super-classes	InformationRecordingDevice^c
Sub-classes	Camera^c

VisualPattern^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualPattern`
Description	This is the most general Type in which to collect visual patterns - geometric designs, fingerprint patterns, artifact structural patterns, appearances, shapes, outlines, etc.. `NOTE that an abstract image itself (e.g. an image of a fingerprint) can be a pattern.`
Super-classes	Pattern^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Visible^c
Sub-classes	GeometricFigure^c Fingerprint^c PatternOfLines^c SurfacePattern^c

VisualProperty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualProperty`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visual property' in WordNet: 1. visual property - (an attribute of vision`
Super-classes	AttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	ColorProperty^c

VisualSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualSignal`
Description	A ''VisualSignal'' is an instance of ''Signal'' that is visible to the human eye. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visual signal' in WordNet: 1. visual signal - (a signal that involves visual communication)`
Super-classes	Signal^c
Sub-classes	Skyrocket^c

VisualWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VisualWork`
Description	A specialization of #$ConceptualWork. Each instance of #$VisualWork is an abstract work that is intended to be instantiated in a medium that is experienced primarily visually. The textual component of an instance of #$VisualWork, if any, is secondary to its visual component. Instances of #$VisualWork may contain textual components, but the content of an instance of #$VisualWork could not be completely expressed in text (thus #$VisualWork is disjoint with #$TextualPCW). Important specializations of #$VisualWork include #$VideoConceptualWork and #$VisualArtifact-CW.
Super-classes	ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	VisualArtifact-CW^c

Visualization^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visualization`
Description	A ''Visualization'' is the ''MentalImagery'' (an abstract representation of things seen or imagined, or remembered) that represents some visible physical Object or Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visualization' in WordNet: 1. (1) visual image, visualization, visualisation - (a mental image that is similar to a visual perception)`
Super-classes	MentalImagery^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value VisibleThing^c isanAbstractRepresentationOf^op value View^c

Visually^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Visually`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'visually' in Wordnet: 1. (3) visually - (with respect to vision; 'visually distorted')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Vital^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vital

Description

This sense of ''Vital'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Life'' or to organs necessary for Life or to signs of life.

       Includes adjective senses 2 and 4 of 'vital' in WordNet:
            2. vital, life-sustaining - (performing an essential function in the living body; 
                'vital organs'; 'blood and other vital fluids'; 'the loss of vital heat in shock'; 
                'a vital spot'; 'life-giving love and praise')
    4. vital - (manifesting or characteristic of life; 'a vital, living organism'; 'vital signs')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Vital-Urgent^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vital-Urgent

Description

''Vital-Urgent'' is an attribute of Actions that are considered - by some person(s) - as being very necessary.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vital' in WordNet:
           1. (6) critical, vital - (urgently needed; absolutely necessary; 
           'a critical element of the plan'; 'critical medical supplies'; 
           'vital for a healthy society'; 'of vital interest')

Super-classes Urgent^c

VitalForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitalForce`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vital force' in WordNet: 1. life force, vital force, vitality, elan vital - ((biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms)`
Super-classes	GenericAgent^c MentalSituation^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hypothetical^c causes^op value Living^c
Sub-classes	Kundalini^c

VitalOrgan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitalOrgan`
Description	A ''VitalOrgan'' is an''Organ'' that is essential for the maintenance of Life. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vital organ' in WordNet: 1. vital organ, vitals - (a bodily organ that is essential for life)`
Super-classes	Organ^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vital^c

VitalPrinciple^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitalPrinciple`
Description	'VitalPrinciple' is a philosophical/religious term that assumes that physical forces alone are insufficient to explain the phenomena of living things, especially of people. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'vital principle' in WordNet: 1. vital principle, life principle - (a hypothetical force to which the functions and qualities peculiar to living things are sometimes ascribed)`
Super-classes	Cause^c
Sub-classes	Soul^c

VitalSign^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitalSign`
Description	A ''VitalSign'' is an observable Physiological condition that provides general evidence of the overall state of an animal's health, and whether there are any potential ''AilmentCondition''s.. These signs include heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and breathing rate. These can be added as subtypes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vital sign' in WordNet: 1. vital sign - (sign of life; usually an indicator of a person's general physical condition; 'he was still alive but his vital signs were weak')`
Super-classes	Symptom^c PhysiologicalProcess^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Important^c isaSignOf^op some PhysiologicalConditionType^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vital^c occursAt^op value AnimalBody^c
Sub-classes	HeartBeat^c PulseRate^c BloodPressure^c

Vitality^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vitality`
Description	This ''Vitality'' is a strength of body or mind, a general 'heartiness'. This is a degree of healthiness above the minimum for routine activity; the 'vigor' of a style (as of writing) is represented by ''Vigor''. NOTE: this sense of 'vitality' appears to be for bodily strength (a subtype of 'good health' in WN), but sense 2 of 'vigor' also includes that. Perhaps this should be a subtype of 'vigour, vigour, dynamism ..'?? Need a 'being strong'?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vitality' in WordNet: 2. (1) energy, vim, vitality - (a healthy capacity for vigorous activity; 'jogging works off my excess energy'; 'he seemed full of vim and vigor') WN noun 'vigor': 2. vigor, vigour, dynamism, heartiness - (active strength of body or mind)
Super-classes	Strength^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	Chi^c

VitalityAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitalityAttribute`
Description	The AttributeType that takes VitalityAttributeValue as its value. This AttributeType includes values such as dead, alive, conscious, awake, sleeping - all of which are subtypes of 'VitalityAttributeValue'..
Super-classes	AttributeType^c
Sub-classes	Alive2001-2008^c

VitalityAttributeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitalityAttributeType`
Description	VitalityAttributeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for attributes specifyuing vitality (alive, dead) and an argument restriction for some relations on QualitativeAttributes. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c
Members	Unhealthy ClinicallyDead Embryonic Relaxing AliveDuring1943-2015 Alive Unborn AliveDuring1935-2017 Asleep AliveDuringInterval Unconscious Unhealthful AliveInaSpiritualRealm Extinct Conscious InUtero AliveInaFiction NotYetAlive FreeLiving DeadOrAlive DiedInaFiction SemiConscious VitalityAttributeValue Healthy Alive2001-2008 Vegetative UnknownVitalityAttribute Awake Dead

VitalityAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitalityAttributeValue`
Description	An attribute that specifies whether an animal is alive, dead, conscious, or unconscious - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. `The SUMO 'AnimacyAttribute' is restricted to being alive or dead: SUMO: Attributes that indicate whether an Organism is alive or not.`
Super-classes	BiologicalAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Healthy^c Unhealthful^c AliveInaSpiritualRealm^c Dead^c Unhealthy^c ClinicallyDead^c NotYetAlive^c DeadOrAlive^c Embryonic^c AliveDuringInterval^c UnknownVitalityAttribute^c Extinct^c AliveInaFiction^c Alive^c DiedInaFiction^c

Vitamin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vitamin`
Description	The vitamin itself not necessarily in the form of a pill - could be a constituent of a pill or of food. In COSMO this is a Substance, not an Object. `SUMO: A Nutrient present in natural products or made synthetically, which is essential in the diet of Humans and other higher Animals. Included here are Vitamin precursors and provitamins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin' in Wordnet: 1. (3) vitamin - (any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism)`
Super-classes	Micronutrient^c DrugSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c
Sub-classes	VitaminB^c VitaminE^c VitaminD^c Choline^c VitaminC^c

VitaminB^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitaminB

Description

Any one or combination of the vitamins included in the 'vitamin B complex'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin B' in WordNet:
          1. B-complex vitamin, B complex, vitamin B complex, vitamin B, B vitamin, B - 
           (originally thought to be a single vitamin but now separated into several B vitamins)

Super-classes Vitamin^c

VitaminC^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitaminC

Description

''VitaminC''is one of the essential vitamins - prevents scurvy.

       CYC:  Ascorbic acid.  Take a lot of this vitamin and it
        may keep you healthy.  Tastes yummy too.  Citrus fruit is a
        good source of this nutrient.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin C' in WordNet:
         1. (1) vitamin C, ascorbic acid - (a vitamin found in fresh fruits 
            (especially citrus fruits) and vegetables; prevents scurvy)

Super-classes Antioxidant^c
Vitamin^c

VitaminD^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitaminD

Description

''VitaminD''is one of the essential vitamins.

       CYC: #$Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble hormones,
        calciferol (vitamin D2), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3),
        together with 7-dehydrocholesterol (vitamin D1), a precursor
        which is found in human skin and becomes vitamin D3 when
        exposed to ultraviolet light.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin D' in WordNet:
          1. vitamin D, calciferol, viosterol, ergocalciferol, cholecarciferol, D -
          (a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets)

Super-classes Vitamin^c

VitaminE^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitaminE

Description

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin E' in WordNet:
           1. (1) vitamin E, tocopherol, E - (a fat-soluble vitamin 
              that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant
              that neutralizes free radicals in the body)

Super-classes Vitamin^c
Antioxidant^c

VitaminPill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitaminPill`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin pill' in WordNet: 1. vitamin pill - (a pill containing one or more vitamins; taken as a dietary supplement)`
Super-classes	Pill^c
Restrictions	containsSubstance^op some VitaminType^c
Sub-classes	MultiVitaminPill^c

VitaminType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VitaminType`
Description
Super-classes	ChemicalSubstanceType^c
Members	VitaminC VitaminE VitaminD Vitamin VitaminB

Vituperating^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vituperating`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vituperate' in WordNet: 1. vilify, revile, vituperate, rail - (spread negative information about; 'The Nazi propaganda vilified the Jews')`
Super-classes	VerballyAbusingSomeone^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Vituperation^c expressesMentalState^op value Hatred^c

Vituperation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vituperation`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vituperation' in WordNet: 1. vituperation, invective, vitriol - (abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will)`
Super-classes	Contumely^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Vituperating^c

Vivacious^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vivacious

Description

''Vivacious'' is an intensive degree of ''Lively'' being the attribute of someone who acts with perceptible vigor, without slowing down (in the relevant period of time).

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vivacious' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) vibrant, vivacious - (vigorous and animated; 
            'a vibrant group that challenged the system'; 
            'a charming and vivacious hostess'; 'a vivacious folk dance')

Super-classes Lively^c

Vivacity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vivacity`
Description	a ''Vivacity'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' (a ''Quality'') where the attribute is ''Lively''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vivacity' in WordNet: 1. vivacity - (characterized by high spirits and animation)`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Vivacious^c

Viverrine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Viverrine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viverrine' in WordNet: 1. viverrine, viverrine mammal - (small catlike predatory mammals of warmer parts of the Old World)`
Super-classes	Carnivore^c
Sub-classes	Meerkat^c

Vivid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vivid`
Description	''Vivid'' is an attribute of Objects or Events that bring to mind clear and lifelike memories. This type is also used for the kind of memory that is clear and lifelike. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'vivid' in Wordnet: 1. (10) graphic, lifelike, pictorial, vivid - (evoking lifelike images within the mind; 'pictorial poetry and prose'; 'graphic accounts of battle'; 'a lifelike portrait'; 'a vivid description') 2. (4) vivid - (having the clarity and freshness of immediate experience; 'a vivid recollection')`
Super-classes	Evocative^c
Sub-classes	Lurid^c

Vividly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vividly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vividly' in Wordnet: 1. (4) vividly - (in a vivid manner; 'he described his adventures vividly')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

ViviparousAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ViviparousAnimal`
Description	A specialization of #$Animal. Each instance of #$ViviparousAnimal is an animal which is born from its mother's body. Cf. #$OviparousAnimal.
Super-classes	Animal^c
Sub-classes	PlacentalMammal^c

Vocabulary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vocabulary`
Description	Each 'Vocabulary' is a Group of at least two 'Designators' that are used in some Language. This includes verbal sounds, abstract symbols, AbstractStrings and anything else that can serve as the 'words' of the Language. NOTE that WordNet sense 2 - an individual person's vocabulary - is not yet (rev977) represented in COSMO. That This type corresponds to sense 1 of 'vocabulary' in WordNet, Sense 2 seems to be a part of a 'Vocabulary', being only that part of a 'Vocabulary' known by an individual speaker. This type represents the full Group of symbols used in a Language at some point in time (which may change too fast to be fully known by any one person), not a person's 'knowledge'. in WordNet: 1. (6) vocabulary - (a listing of the words used in some enterprise) 2. (3) vocabulary, lexicon, mental lexicon - (a language user's knowledge of words)
Super-classes	PluralThing^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c isaComponentElementOf^op some Language^c hasComponentElement^op only Designator^c
Sub-classes	Terminology^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EnglishVocabulary

VocabularyType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VocabularyType`
Description	Each 'VocabularyType' is a 'Vocabulary' for some Language.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c

Vocal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vocal

Description

''Vocal'' is the ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the ''Voice'' or to ''Singing''.

         Correspond to adjective senses 1 and 2 of'vocal' in WordNet:
           1. (1) vocal - (relating to or designed for or using the singing voice;
              'vocal technique'; 'the vocal repertoire'; 
              'organized a vocal group to sing his compositions')
           2. (1) vocal - (having or using the power to produce speech or sound;
              'vocal organs'; 'all vocal beings hymned their praise')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

VocalCords^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VocalCords`
Description	The type ''VocalCords'' is grammatically plural, but here is interpreted as the whole set of vocal cords as a singular object. `CYC: Mucus membranes which produce sound from inside the larynx. Corresponds to the plural (the pair) of noun sense 1 of 'vocal cord' in Wordnet: 1. vocal cord, vocal fold, vocal band, plica vocalis - (either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c InternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Throat^c

VocalMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VocalMusic`
Description	This type includes any form of ''Music'' that includes Music produced by human singing (''Singing-Human'') whether or not acompanied by instruments. It does not include purely instrumental. The necessary part of ''VocalMusic''produced only by a human voice is produced by''"Singing-Human''. Instrumental music is not a necessary part of this type. `NOTE that Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'vocal music' in WordNet: 1. vocal music, vocal - (music intended to be performed by one or more singers, usually with instrumental accompaniment) 2. vocal music - (music that is vocalized (as contrasted with instrumental music))`
Super-classes	Music^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Singing-Human^c
Sub-classes	Yodel^c

Vocalizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vocalizing`
Description	SUMO; Any instance of RadiatingSound where the instrument is the Human vocal cords. This covers grunts, screams, roars, as well as Speaking. `NOTE that the SUMO 'Vocalizing' is distinguished from the Cyc 'MakingAnOralSound' in that 'Vocalizing' is restricted to human oral sound-making. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vocalize' in Wordnet: 1. (1) voice, sound, vocalize, vocalise - (utter with vibrating vocal chords)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c MakingAnOralSound^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value VocalCords^c usesInstrument^op value VocalCords^c
Sub-classes	Humming^c Moaning^c Sighing^c Crying^c Cheering^c Singing-Human^c Laughing^c Booing^c Speaking^c Quavering^c

Vocally^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vocally

Description

''Vocally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the action modified was performed in a ''Vocal'' manner, i.e. by using the voice; this word is often used to mean 'loudly'.

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vocally' in Wordnet:
          1. vocally - (in a vocal manner; 'she defended herself vocally')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Vocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vocation`
Description	A 'Vocation' is an Occupation requiring significant training, either by practice or apprenticeship, or training at a 'vocational school' or at a college or university, but differs from a ''Profession'' in that it is a career for which the Person performing it developed a strong desire to pursue that career for reasons other than just taking some job to make money, usually as a way to do things that benefit other people or humanity in general (or, for .religious 'vocations', to perform God's work). Calling an Occupation a 'vocation' indicates that it is the only career toward which that Person has aspired. On the other hand,a Person may have more than one ''Profession'' over a lifetime, but typically will have only one 'vocation'. This is a career toward which a Person has felt 'called' by her/his inner feelings. `This type is more specific than that suggested by the WN gloss. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'vocation' in WordNet: 1. (2) career, calling, vocation - (the particular occupation for which you are trained)`
Super-classes	Occupation^c
Restrictions	isTheOccupationOfA^op value Expert^c

Vocational^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vocational

Description

''Vocational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''VocationalSchool'' or a ''Vocational''and things characteristic of either.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vocational' in Wordnet:
      1. (49) vocational - (of or relating to a vocation or occupation; 
        especially providing or undergoing training in special skills;
        'vocational school'; 'vocational students learning to repair a motor')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

VocationalOrTechnicalSchool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VocationalOrTechnicalSchool`
Description	The class of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution that dispense exclusively #$Vocational-TechnicalDegrees.
Super-classes	DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution^c

VocationalSchool^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VocationalSchool

Description

An Organization that is not a College or University that specifically teaches students a trade rather than a general school of arts and/or sciences.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vocational school' in WordNet:
        1. (4) trade school, vocational school - (a secondary school teaching the skilled trades)

Super-classes FourYearSchool^c
SecondarySchool^c

Vodka^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vodka`
Description	Vodka is usually sold commercially in 80 proof and 100 proof varieties. It does not usually have a strong taste of its own and is thus often mixed with other flavorings (such as orange juice) to add an alcoholic effect. It is also drunk 'neat', especially in Russia and by Russians. Has a kick. `Wikipedia: Vodka is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage that originates from Poland and Russia. It is composed primarily of water and ethanol, but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Traditionally it is made by distilling the liquid from cereal grains or potatoes that have been fermented, though some modern brands use fruits or sugar as the base Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vodka' in WordNet: 1. vodka - (unaged colorless liquor originating in Russia)`
Super-classes	Distillate^c Liquor^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Colorless^c

Voice^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voice

Description

An Event which is the sound of a Human voice. This type of sound is one distinctive of human talking, such as speaking, singing, whispering. When a person imitates the sound of some non-human thing, that is not an instance of 'Voice'. When a recording of a human voice is played, the sound produced is also an instance of this type. However, synthetic machine produced speech that is not a recording of a human voice is not an instance.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'voice' in WordNet:
        2. (70) voice, vocalization, vocalisation, vocalism, phonation, vox -
          (the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by 
          the resonance of the vocal tract; 'a singer takes good care of his voice';
          'the giraffe cannot make any vocalizations')

Super-classes AnimalSound^c

VoiceCharacter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VoiceCharacter`
Description	'VoiceCharacter' is the AttributeValue whose subtypes represent any of various qualities of the human voice: intensity, qualitative attributes such as accent, rate of speech for particular instances of speaking, and the various qualities that can be associated with a singing voice.. This is the sense of 'voice' represented by phrases such as 'I recognized his voice' - i.e. one recognized the distinctive qualitative character of his voice. This can also be used to assign a measure of 'quality' (comprehensibility, lack of noise) to a Voice Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voice' in WordNet: 1. (78) voice - (the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech; 'A shrill voice sounded behind us')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c SoundQuality^c
Sub-classes	WhisperingQuality^c

VoiceKey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VoiceKey`
Description	The pitch of a person's voice, generally low or high. In WN, this type of 'key' is a ''Pitch'' of the voice. however,a ''Pitch'' is usually used for a single frequency, whereas the 'key' of a voice is perhaps an overall average. But the two are closely related, so this is set as a subtype. Can be modified if needed. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'key' in WordNet: 3. (2) key - (pitch of the voice; 'he spoke in a low key')`
Super-classes	Pitch^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeOf^op value Speech^c

Void^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Void`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'void' in WordNet: 3. void, vacancy, emptiness, vacuum - (an empty area or space; 'the huge desert voids'; 'the emptiness of outer space'; 'without their support he'll be ruling in a vacuum')`
Super-classes	FreeSpaceRegion^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Available^c contains^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#nothing^c

VoirDireQuestioning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VoirDireQuestioning`
Description	The ''VoirDireQuestioning'' is the questioning (by a Judge) of individal potential ''Juror''s in a ''JuryPanel'' to deterine of that Person is suitable to serve as a ''Juror'' in some specific trial. `No WN synset found. RHW 'voir dire' sense 2 is the intended meaning: RHW 'voir dire': 1. an oath administered to a proposed witness or juror by which he or she is sworn to speak the truth in an examination to ascertain his or her competence. 2. the examination itself.`
Super-classes	Examining^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Judge^c hasParticipant^op some (JuryPanel^c or Panelist^c)

Volatile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volatile

Description

The Tendency of a liquid to evaporate. This is a continuous property, depending on the vapor pressure-temperature profile, the ambient pressure, and the temperature. Liquids labeled 'Volatile' should evaporate at normal temperatures at least one-tenth as quickly as Water.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'volatile' in Wordnet:
         1. (5) volatile - (evaporating readily at normal temperatures and pressures;
            'volatile oils'; 'volatile solvents')

Super-classes Tendency^c

VolatileSubstance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolatileSubstance`
Description	A VolatileSubstance is a Substance that evaporates rapidly at room temperature, or at some easily achievable temperature. This usually is due to a boiling point not much higher than the contextually relevant temprature, and is an attribute that has continuous degrees - setting a borderline would be difficult. Substances that sublimate at room temperature (such as 'DryIce') and EthylEther would be an examples. `Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'volatile' in WordNet: 1. volatile - (a volatile substance; a substance that changes readily from solid or liquid to a vapor; 'it was heated to evaporate the volatiles')`
Super-classes	SubstanceRole^c PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Volatile^c
Sub-classes	Acetone^c

Volatility^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volatility`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Volatility is a specific readiness of some liquid to evaporate. Higher volatility indicates a faster rate of evaporation. Volatilities of substances are indicated with the predicate #$volatilityOfSubstance (q.v.). `NOTE: the term 'Volatility' can be used in two senses: (1) as a quality of something that is ''Volatile'' - has a tendency to evaporate easily; and (2) a quantitative measure of the tendency to evaporate. This type represents the state of being (relatively) ''Volatile''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volatility' in WordNet: 1. (1) volatility - (the property of changing readily from a solid or liquid to a vapor)`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Volatile^c

Volcanic^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volcanic

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'volcanic' in Wordnet:
          1. volcanic - (relating to or produced by or consisting of volcanoes; 
            'volcanic steam'; 'volcanic islands such as Iceland';
            'a volcanic cone is a conical mountain or hill built up of material from volcanic eruptions')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

VolcanicCrater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolcanicCrater`
Description	A ''VolcanicCrater'' is an ''Opening'' through the Earth's crust from a Magma pool below to the surface. `NOTE that the crater of an inactive Volcano is still called a ''VolcanicCrater'' even when it is not emitting ''Lava''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volcanic crater' in WordNet: 1. volcanic crater, crater - (a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano)`
Super-classes	Opening^c Crater^c
Restrictions	wasCreatedBy^op value Volcano^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Volcano^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Volcanic^c
Sub-classes	Caldera^c

VolcanicRock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolcanicRock`
Description	''IgneousRock'' located at the surface. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volcanic rock' in WordNet: 1. volcanic rock - (extrusive igneous rock solidified near or on the surface of the Earth)`
Super-classes	IgneousRock^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Volcanic^c isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsSurface^c
Sub-classes	Basalt^c

Volcano^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volcano`
Description	This is for a Volcano that still has a potentially active lava tube or some path-feature that could permit it to resume volcanic activity. For ''LongDormantVolcanoe''s it may not be evident whether they still have any potetentail for erupting, so the safe assumption will be that any Mountain clearly formed by volcanic activity is a ''Volcano''. But this type differs from 'LongDormantVolcano'' in that for the latter there as been no evidence of activity for over a million years and it can be assumed that new volcanic activity is unlikely. For this type the presence of a ''LavaTube'' attached to the ''Volcano'' will be assumed. NOTE that a 'Volcano' is also considered as a ''GenericAgent' becase it can 'act' and do things. CYC: A collection of topographical features. Each element of #$Volcano is a mountain created by the outflow of lava. Elements of #$Volcano may or may not be active volcanoes. Examples: #$Vesuvius-Volcano, #$MountFuji-Volcano, #$Popocatepetl-Volcano, #$Krakatoa-Volcano, #$MaunaKea-Volcano, #$MountSaintHelens-Volcano. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'volcano' in WordNet: 1. (1) vent, volcano - (a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt) 2. volcano - (a mountain formed by volcanic material)
Super-classes	Mountain^c GenericAgent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Volcanic^c canEmit^op value Lava^c isAttachedTo^op value LavaTube^c performsAction^op value Erupting^c

Vole^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vole

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vole' in WordNet:
         1. vole, field mouse - (any of various small mouselike rodents 
           of the family Cricetidae (especially of genus Microtus) having a stout 
           short-tailed body and inconspicuous ears and inhabiting fields or meadows)

Super-classes WoodRat^c

Volition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volition`
Description	'Volition' is a type of 'AbilityToChoose' that is located in the internal mental processes of an agent and allows that agent to select one or more from among a Group of Options; this corresponds to the notion of 'free will' or 'willpower'. However, NOTE that representing this Capability is in essence merely an observation that the actions of conscious agents are determined by internal processes; this does not mean that such actions are not fully determined by the internal physical processes within the agents. The common abstract notion of 'free will' is often interpreted to mean that at least some actions of conscious agents, at least humans, are not fully determined, and humans can therefore be held responsible for their actions as a matter of morality. This notion of 'free will' is not represented in COSMO because it appears logically incoherent, if physical causality is universal. Including quantum uncertainty does not restore the common notion of 'free will' in human decision-making because the quantum fluctuations are not under human control, and control of decision-making is the essence of traditional 'free will'. Attempts to assign such non-determinate decision-making to spirits lead to the same logical inconsistencies. Whether those internal processes are themselves determined by heredity and the influences of environment and experience is not an issue that affects the meaning of this type. This type represents the empirical observation that it is not possible to predict reliably what an agent will do in every situation, because external observers do not have access to the details of the internal mental processes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'will' and sense 1 of 'volition' in WordNet, and includes sense 1 of 'free will': in WordNet: 1. (11) volition, will - (the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention; 'the exercise of their volition we construe as revolt'- George Meredith) WN noun 'free will': 1. (1) free will, discretion - (the power of making free choices unconstrained by external agencies)
Super-classes	AbilityToChoose^c
Restrictions	isAbilityToPerformActionType^op value Deciding^c

Volleyball^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volleyball`
Description	An instance of 'SportType'; for the game which is an Event, use 'VolleyballGame'. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the game Event, and the game as a specification with rules. This is for the ''Game'' as the Specification. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volleyball' in WordNet: 1. (1) volleyball, volleyball game - (a game in which two teams hit an inflated ball over a high net using their hands)`
Super-classes	BallSport^c TeamSport^c
Restrictions	hasExecutionEvent^op value VolleyballGame^c

VolleyballBall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolleyballBall`
Description	The ball used in a VolleyballGame. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'volleyball' in WordNet: 2. volleyball - (an inflated ball used in playing volleyball)`
Super-classes	SphericalObject^c InflatedBall^c InflatableContainer^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value VolleyballGame^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value VolleyballGame^c

VolleyballGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolleyballGame`
Description	`NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the game Event, and the game as a specification with rules. This is for the GameEvent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volleyball' in WordNet: 1. volleyball, volleyball game - (a game in which two teams hit an inflated ball over a high net using their hands)`
Super-classes	BallGame^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value VolleyballBall^c isAnExecutionOf^op value Volleyball^c

VolleyballNet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolleyballNet`
Description	A ''VolleyballNet'' is a ''Mesh'' (a 'net') that is supported between two vertical poles placed on either side of a soccer field that can be designated ad hoc from any parcel of flat land wide and long enough, and situated halfway between the opposite ends of the field which is typically about twenty feet wide and forty feet long.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volleyball net' in WordNet: 1. volleyball net - (the high net that separates the two teams and over which the volleyball must pass)`
Super-classes	GameNet^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value VolleyballGame^c

Volt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volt

Description

SI electric potential measure. Symbol: V. It is the difference of electric potential between two points of a conducting wire carrying a constant current of 1 Ampere, when the power dissipated between these points is equal to 1 Watt. Volt = W/A = m^2kgs^(-3)*A^(-1).

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volt' in Wordnet:
     1. volt, V - (a unit of potential equal to the potential difference 
       between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power
       dissipated between the two points is 1 watt; equivalent to the potential difference
       across a resistance of 1 ohm when 1 ampere of current flows through it)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

VoltAmpere^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VoltAmpere`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volt-ampere' in WordNet: 1. volt-ampere, var - (a unit of electrical power in an AC circuit equal to the power dissipated when 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere)`
Super-classes	ElectromagneticUnit^c

Voltage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voltage`
Description	This ''Voltage'' is a type of ''ElectricalPhenomenon'', which is the state of a difference in electrical potential between two points in an 'electrical circuit' - NOTE that the 'circuit' does not have to be an artifact: there can be a ''Voltage'' between the ground of the Earth and some point in a cloud, the sort of voltage that causes ''Lightning''. NOTE: the CYC 'Voltage' is a 'MeasurableQuantity' that is the actual quantitative difference in electrical potential, whereas this Voltage is the Phenomenon - quite different The CYC sense is represented by ''VoltageMeasure''. This type is not the CYC 'Voltage'. THe CYC gloss is given here for reference: CYC: A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of #$Voltage is the electric potential of an electric force, measured in terms of the amount of work it takes the force to move a charge from one place to another. The standard unit of measure (see the collection #$UnitOfMeasure) for #$Voltage is the volt (see the constant #$Volt). RHW: electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts. NOTE: the WN gloss for sense 1 is obscure, and sounds more like an 'amperege. That sense is included in the assumption that the intended meaning is the same Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'voltage' in WordNet: 1. (8) voltage, electromotive force, emf - (the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; expressed in volts) 2. (2) electric potential, potential, potential difference, potential drop, voltage - (the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts)
Super-classes	ElectricalPhenomenon^c
Restrictions	isMeasuredBy^op value VoltageMeasure^c

VoltageMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VoltageMeasure`
Description	A ''VoltageMeasure'' is a 'Measurement' that expresses the magnitude of a ''Voltage'' that is the difference in electrical potential between two points that are (usually) within some kind of circuit (not necessarily artifactual)
Super-classes	Measurement^c QuantitativeAttributeValue^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#volts^c hasQuantifier^op some Quantifier^c isaMeasureOf^op value Voltage^c

VoltageSource^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VoltageSource`
Description	A source of electrical voltage. COSMO note: This category is interpreted as being a physical object that has connecting terminals that connect to some form of power supply. It may merely be a connector, such as a WallOutlet, or may be the power generator itself, such as a Battery. The criterion is to have terminals to which electrical devices can be connected. This device must have at least two terminals - for certain power lines that depend on a ground, the 'ground' terminal is connected to the physical ground. NOTE also that in Cyc there is a distinction between 'VoltageSource' and 'CurrentSource' (''PowerSource'' in COSMO). Apparently, a 'CurrentSource' is supposed to be the unit that actually generates the power, but Cyc has 'PowerSupply' as a subtype, and the PowerSupply in typical devices does not generate power (i.e. convert some other form of energy into electrical current) , rather it converts line power to another voltage. In COSMO 'CurrentSource' is renamed as 'PowerGenerator'
Super-classes	TwoTerminalElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value ElectricCurrent^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalOutlet^c ElectricalGenerator^c Battery^c

Voltmeter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voltmeter`
Description	Device for measuring electrical voltage which is commonly used in repairing electrical devices. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voltmeter' in WordNet: 1. (1) voltmeter - (meter that measures the potential difference between two points)`
Super-classes	Gauge^c MeteringDevice^c
Restrictions	isUsedToMeasure^op value VoltageMeasure^c

Volume^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volume`
Description	'Volume is a property both of three-dimensional regions of space, and of of all macroscopic PhysicalObjects; it is expressed in units of cubic length measure, or measures convertible to cubic length measures. For atoms, molecules, and especially subatomic particles, measures of Volume can only be approximated, because the mass probability density diminishes gradually from the center of mass; subatomic particles are often approximated as point masses. `The WN sense is closer to 'quantity' than 'volume'?? Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 2 of 'volume' in WordNet: 1. (134) volume - (the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; 'the gas expanded to twice its original volume')`
Super-classes	Size^c
Sub-classes	ContainerCapacity^c ConvexHullVolume^c

VolumeCompression^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolumeCompression`
Description	''VolumeCompression'' is a subtype of ''Compressing'' representing Events in which some PhysicalObject becomes smaller in Volume due to application of pressure. NOTE: for a reduction in volume without applying pressure, the entry ''Compacting'' can be used. CYC: 'Compressing'; The collection of events in which some #$PartiallyTangible is subjected to opposing forces which crush or compact the object, so that afterwards its volume is less than before. Instances are not necessarily also #$DestructionEvents, although they certainly can be depending on the thing acted on. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'compress' and part of noun sense 2 of 'compression' (but not for shrinking due to cooling) in WordNet: 1. (7) compress, compact, pack together - (make more compact by or as if by pressing; 'compress the data') WN noun 'compression': 2. compression, condensation, contraction - (the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together; 'the contraction of a gas on cooling') WN noun 'compaction': 1. compaction, compression, concretion, densification - (an increase in the density of something)
Super-classes	Compressing^c MakingSomethingMoreCompact^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op value Volume^c isCausedBy^op value ApplyingAPressure^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Compressed^c

VolumeIncrease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolumeIncrease`
Description	A ''VolumeIncrease'' is an increase in the Volume of some object(s) or region of space defined by Objects.
Super-classes	IncreaseInaQuantity^c
Restrictions	causesIncreaseIn^op some (VolumeMeasure^c or Volume^c)
Sub-classes	ExpandingInVolume^c

VolumeMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolumeMeasure`
Description	Measures of the amount of space in three dimensions. The units are in cubic measures of Length, e.g. cubic centimeters; related measures such as 'liter' are defined (since 1964) in terms of cubic length measures. `NOTE: the relations between ''VolumeMeasure', UnitOfVOlume'', UnitOfMeasure need to be reviewed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volume' in WordNet: 1. (134) volume - (the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; 'the gas expanded to twice its original volume')`
Super-classes	ConstantQuantity^c
Sub-classes	LiquorShot^c UnitedKingdomGallon^c FluidOunce^c UnitOfVolume^c Fifth-Volume^c Quart^c NauticalTon^c CubicCentimeter^c UnitedStatesGallon^c CubicFoot^c Milliliter^c Pint^c CupMeasure^c Liter^c
In range of	hasInternalVolume^op hasVolume^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneGallon

VolumeOfSpace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolumeOfSpace`
Description	COSMO: a three-dimensional region of some space (not necessarily our real world space). This is the space itself, and does not include or imply that there are any objects in it. However, each instance of this kind fo space will usually be interpreted relative to some defined coordinate system, which, in the real world, usually means that it is relative to some physical object (which could be the collecion of all objects in the universe as a whole, to provide a universal frame of reference). In Cyc called 'ChunkOfSpace'. Cyc: A specialization of both #$ExtendedSpaceRegion and #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing (qq.v.). Instances of #$ChunkOfSpace are three-dimensional portions of a three-dimensional space. This is the kind of place that solid (i.e. three-dimensional) objects occupy. It makes sense to speak of, or compute, the volume of such objects. An important specialization of this collection is #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical, whose instances are pieces of space in the empirical universe - the kind of space that physical objects occupy.
Super-classes	TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing^c ThreeDimensionalRegion^c
Sub-classes	PhysicalSpaceRegion^c

VolumePercent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolumePercent`
Description	A ''VolumePercent'' is a ''VolumeRatio''for the Volume of something in an Object or Substance, divided by the total Volume of that Object or Substance, multiplied by 100 to express the ratio in percentage.
Super-classes	FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c PercentNumber^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FiftyPercentByVolume

VolumeRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolumeRatio`
Description	A ''VolumeRatio'' is a RationalNumber that is the ''Volume'' of one object or substance in a mixture dvided by the ''Volume'' of the whole mixture, in the same units. This is a pure number but its meaning is specific for describing what part of the ''Volume'' of a mixture is composed of one substance or ObjectType. See also ''VolumePercent''
Super-classes	DimensionlessRatio^c FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c

VolumeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolumeType`
Description	VolumeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for volume attributes. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c

Voluntarily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voluntarily

Description

''Voluntarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes Actions.

       Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'voluntarily' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) voluntarily - (out of your own free will;
              'he voluntarily submitted to the fingerprinting')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Voluntary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voluntary`
Description	An attribute of Actions that specifies that an Agent performed the Action with forethought; contrasts with 'involuntary', an attribute of actions that are automatically performed by the body without any thought given ahead of the action. `Includes both adjective senses of 'voluntary' in WordNet: 1. (1) voluntary - (of your own free will or design; not forced or compelled; 'man is a voluntary agent'; 'participation was voluntary'; 'voluntary manslaughter'; 'voluntary generosity in times of disaster'; 'voluntary social workers'; 'a voluntary confession') 2. voluntary - (controlled by individual volition; 'voluntary motions'; 'voluntary muscles')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Intentional^c

VoluntaryBodyMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VoluntaryBodyMovement`
Description	A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$BodyMovementEvent. Each instance of #$VoluntaryBodyMovement is an event in which an animal intentionally moves one part of its body relative to another part of its body. Specializations of #$VoluntaryBodyMovement include #$Biting, #$PunchingSomeone, and #$MakingAGesture.
Super-classes	BodyMovementEvent^c PurposefulPhysicalAction^c
Restrictions	hasBodypartMoved^op some AnimalBodyPartType^c
Sub-classes	Dancing^c Jumping^c UsingTheHand^c MakingAGesture^c StandingUp^c Spitting^c FeelingWithTheHand^c CoordinatedBodyMovement^c SittingDown^c Reaching^c Kicking^c LiftingaBodyPart^c Licking^c Squirming^c KnockingOnaSurface^c Biting^c Kissing^c ExtendingaBodyPart^c Stunt^c StampingOnesFoot^c BendingOver^c AcrobaticManeuver^c Poking^c BlowingAirFromLungs^c Chewing^c Patting^c Swimming^c PropellingaBall^c FlyBall^c StandingUpOnTiptoe^c KickingAnObject^c

Volunteer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volunteer`
Description	Someone who voluntarily offers to work (perform a ) without being paid for the labor. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'volunteer' in WordNet: 2. (1) volunteer, unpaid worker - (a person who performs voluntary work)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value VolunteerWork^c
Sub-classes	Vigilante^c

VolunteerWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VolunteerWork`
Description	''VolunteerWork'' is 'UnpaidWork'' that is performed voluntarily, as an act . in WordNet: 3. (2) volunteer - (do volunteer work)
Super-classes	UnpaidWork^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Volunteered^c

Volunteered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Volunteered

Description

"'Volunteered'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that may or may not be a ''WorkingEvent'', which the person doing the work voluntarily performed knowing that the work would not be compensated..

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'volunteer' in WordNet:
      2. unpaid, volunteer - (without payment; 'the soup kitchen was run 
         primarily by unpaid helpers'; 'a volunteer fire department')

Super-classes Unpaid^c

Voluptuous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voluptuous

Description

''Voluptuous'' is a term typically used to describe a Woman who is 'Beautiful' and also has a shapely body with well-developed breasts and a slim waist.

        Includes adjective senses 1 and2 of 'voluptuous' in Wordnet:
          1. (3) juicy, luscious, red-hot, toothsome, voluptuous -
            (having strong sexual appeal; "juicy barmaids"; "a red-hot mama";
            "a voluptuous woman"; "a toothsome blonde in a tight dress")
          2. bosomy, busty, buxom, curvaceous, curvy, full-bosomed, sonsie, sonsy,
             voluptuous, well-endowed - ((of a woman's body) having a large bosom 
             and pleasing curves; "Hollywood seems full of curvaceous blondes"; 
             "a curvy young woman in a tight dress")

Super-classes Beautiful^c
GoodLooking^c

Vomit^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vomit

Description

COSMO note: this is the substance. A specific quantity of Vomit would be an Object. Not yet represented.

    Cyc: Vomit - partially digested food emitted from the
        stomach out the mouth.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vomit' in WordNet:
      1. vomit, vomitus, puke, barf - (the matter ejected in vomiting)

Super-classes BodyFluid^c

Vomiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vomiting`
Description	The action where the stomach convulses to expel the contents inside. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vomit' in Wordnet: 1. (1) vomit, vomit up, purge, cast, sick, cat, be sick, disgorge, regorge, retch, puke, barf, spew, spue, chuck, upchuck, honk, regurgitate, throw up - (eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth; 'After drinking too much, the students vomited'; 'He purged continuously'; 'The patient regurgitated the food we gave him last night') WN noun 'vomiting': 1. (1) vomit, vomiting, emesis, regurgitation, disgorgement, puking - (the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth)
Super-classes	EmittingStuff^c UnpleasantBodyEvent^c InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c
Restrictions	hadEmittedThing^op value Vomit^c

Vomiting-AilmentCondition^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vomiting-AilmentCondition`
Description	CYC: The collection of instances of #$AilmentCondition in which one suffers from one or more instances of #$Vomiting.
Super-classes	AilmentCondition^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value Vomiting^c

Voracious^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voracious`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'voracious' in Wordnet: 2. edacious, esurient, rapacious, ravening, ravenous, voracious, wolfish - (devouring or craving food in great quantities; 'edacious vultures'; 'a rapacious appetite'; 'ravenous as wolves'; 'voracious sharks')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Gluttonous^c

Voter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voter`
Description	A ''Voter'' is anyone who 'votes' (casts a vote or a ballot) or is eligible to vote in any kind of election or voting in a meeting of an organization. `This is general. When necessary; a subtype 'RegisteredVoter' or some equivalent can be created to represent elections for offices in a ''GeopoliticalEntity''. ToDo: represent 'registration' to vote? This is broader than noun sense 1 of 'voter' in WordNet, including anyone who votes even in elections not regulated by a state law: in WordNet: 1. (7) voter, elector - (a citizen who has a legal right to vote)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Voting^c residesIn^op value ElectoralDistrict^c

Voting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voting`
Description	COSMO note: this type represents a single action of one person in making a choice that counts as part of a collective decision (see 'Election'). Linguistically, the outcome may also be called a 'vote': ('the vote was in favor of the proposal') but that sense is not included in this type. However, a phrase such as 'the votes were in favor by a 5% plurality', the word 'votes' in that phrase does represent multiple instances of this type. Cyc: A collection of #$SingleDoerActions. Each element of #$Voting is the casting of a vote by a single #$IntelligentAgent. Instances of #$Voting are typically carried out by marking a physical or electronic ballot (secret or otherwise) or by verbally stating a preference in a voice vote. Note that #$Voting refers to an individual act of voting, not to the larger-scale 'vote' on an issue by all participating members of an #$Organization. SUMO: Voting is the activity of voting in an Election. Voting is typically done by individuals, while Elections are conducted by Organizations. The voting process by an individual voter is part of an Election process. This type represents both transitive and intransitive senses (1 and 2) of verb 'vote' in WordNet, and noun sense 1; it includes individual votes and the general sense 'the voting started at 8 AM'. WN verb 'vote' in WordNet: 1. (30) vote - (express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote; 'He voted for the motion'; 'None of the Democrats voted last night') 2. (10) vote - (express one's choice or preference by vote; 'vote the Democratic ticket') WN verb 'ballot': 1. ballot - (vote by ballot; 'The voters were balloting in this state')
Super-classes	SelectingAmong^c SingleDoerAction^c Politics^c Deciding^c
Sub-classes	VotingForOrAgainst^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VotingByPatCassidy

VotingAgainstSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VotingAgainstSomething`
Description	''VotingAgainstSomething'' is a subtype of ''Voting'' in which some individual or Group votes against (votes 'no'). This can be for a policy decision, as in legislating, or for/against some Person, as in an election or admission to a group or a recall petition. `'blackball' is broken out into the subtype ''BlackballingaCandidate''. Corresponds to verb 'negative' in WordNet: 1. veto, blackball, negative - (vote against; refuse to endorse; refuse to assent; 'The President vetoed the bill')`
Super-classes	VotingForOrAgainst^c
Sub-classes	BlackballingaCandidate^c

VotingBloc^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VotingBloc`
Description	A ''VotingBloc'' is an ''InterestGroup'' composed of people who vote in similar ways on some issue. `No sense in WN for this concept. RHW 'bloc': 1. a group of persons, businesses, etc., united for a particular purpose. 2. a group of legislators, usually of both major political parties, who vote together for some particular interest: the farm bloc.`
Super-classes	InterestGroup^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op only Voter^c

VotingForOrAgainst^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VotingForOrAgainst`
Description	''VotingForOrAgainst'' is a subtype of ''Voting'' in which some proposal is presented to voters who have two choices, 'for' or 'against' (in effect yes or no). This can be for a policy decision, as in legislating, or for/against some Person, as in a a recall petition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voting' in WordNet: 1. (9) vote, ballot, voting, balloting - (a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative; "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion")`
Super-classes	Voting^c YesNoDecision^c
Sub-classes	VotingAgainstSomething^c

VotiveCandle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VotiveCandle`
Description	A ''VotiveCandle'' is a ''SmallCandle'' that is designed to burn for multiple hours, usually having a width greater than 3 cm and a length less than 12 cm. Wikipedia: A votive candle or prayer candle is a small, typically white or beeswax yellow, candle, originally intended to be burnt as a votive offering in a religious ceremony. It also refers to a standard size of candle 2 inches high by 1.5 inches diameter, of any color or scent. A votive candle or prayer candle is a small candle, typically white or beeswax yellow, intended to be burnt as a votive offering in an act of Christian prayer, especially within the Anglican and Roman Catholic Christian denominations, among others. In Christianity, votive candles are commonplace in many churches, as well as home altars, and symbolize the "prayers the worshipper is offering for him or herself, or for other people." The size of a votive candle is often two inches tall by one and a half inches diameter, although other votive candles can be significantly taller and wider.
Super-classes	SmallCandle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value ReligiousEvent^c mayHaveAttribute^op value Scented^c hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 4.0^c

Vow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vow`
Description	A ''Vow' is a ''Pledge'' produced by ''Vowing'', more solemn than a ''Pledge''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vow' in WordNet: 1. vow - (a solemn pledge (to oneself or to another or to a deity) to do something or to behave in a certain manner; 'they took vows of poverty')`
Super-classes	Message^c Pledge^c
Restrictions	wasTransferredInEvent^op value Vowing^c

Vowel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vowel

Description

Collection of #$Vowels. Vowel are those sounds produced when nothing in the vocal tract is obstructing the airflow. Example: The English letter a represents a vowel.

       COSMO note: SUMO-CYC difference in term usage.

       NOTE: this is the phoneme.  The class of alphabetical characters
       that are vowels is represented by the Type 'VowelCharacter'.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vowel' in WordNet:
          1. (3) vowel, vowel sound - (a speech sound made with the vocal tract open)

Super-classes Phoneme^c

VowelCharacter^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VowelCharacter

Description

SUMO: An AlphabeticCharacter that denotes a speech sound that does not result in audible friction when it is pronounced.

           NOTE: in SUMO called just 'Vowel'.  That term is
           used in COSMO for the phoneme.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vowel' in WordNet:
           2. vowel - (a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken vowel)

Super-classes AlphabeticalCharacter^c

Vowing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vowing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vow' in WordNet: 1. (4) vow - (make a vow; promise; 'He vowed never to drink alcohol again')`
Super-classes	Pledging^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Vow^c

VoyageLog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VoyageLog`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'log' in WordNet: 5. log - (a written record of events on a voyage (of a ship or plane))`
Super-classes	WrittenLog^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value LongJourney^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LogBook^c

Voyeur^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voyeur`
Description	Someone who enjoys #$Voyeurism; i.e. watching #$SexualBehavior, especially secretively. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voyeur' in WordNet: 1. voyeur, Peeping Tom, peeper - (a viewer who enjoys seeing the sex acts or sex organs of others)`
Super-classes	Onlooker^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Voyeurism^c

Voyeurism^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Voyeurism`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voyeurism' in WordNet: 1. voyeurism - (a perversion in which a person receives sexual gratification from seeing the genitalia of others or witnessing others' sexual behavior)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c Paraphilia^c Looking^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Surreptitiously^c isaPerceptionOf^op value SexualBehavior^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Surreptitious^c

Vroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vroom`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vroom' in WordNet: 1. vroom - (the roaring sound made by a motor that is running at high speed)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	isEmittedBy^op value InternalCombustionEngine^c isCausedBy^op value Vrooming^c

Vrooming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vrooming`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vroom' in WordNet: 1. vroom - (make a loud, roaring sound, as of a car engine, while moving)`
Super-classes	EmittingSound^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Vroom^c isPerformedBy^op value InternalCombustionEngine^c

Vulgar^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vulgar`
Description	''Vulgar'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person whose behavior can offend people thoughtlessly or intentionally. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vulgar' in WordNet: 1. (2) coarse, common, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar - (lacking refinement or cultivation or taste; 'he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind'; 'behavior that branded him as common'; 'an untutored and uncouth human being'; 'an uncouth soldier-a real tough guy'; 'appealing to the vulgar taste for violence'; 'the vulgar display of the newly rich')`
Super-classes	Offensive^c BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	TastelesslyVulgar^c Kitschy^c

VulgarSpeech^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#VulgarSpeech`
Description	''VulgarSpeech'' is ''InelegantSpeech'' created by ''Cursing'' (Uttering curse). `Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech Profanity - Profane - Profaneness VulgarSpeech - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy Here we represent part of RHW: sense 2 of 'vulgarity' (the exression) 2. something vulgar, as an act or expression.`
Super-classes	InelegantSpeech^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vulgar^c

Vulnerability^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vulnerability`
Description	The WN sense 1 of ''Vulnerability'' does seem to be different from sense 2 but these need more than a few additional types to fill in the differences. They are conflated here until discrimination is needed. Perhaps 'VulnerabilityToinjury' for sense 2?? @ToDo. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vulnerability' in WordNet: 1. (3) vulnerability, exposure - (the state of being vulnerable or exposed; 'his vulnerability to litigation'; 'his exposure to ridicule') 2. vulnerability - (susceptibility to injury or attack)`
Super-classes	DangerousSituation^c
Restrictions	isTheAbsenceOf^op value Protecting^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Vulnerable^c

Vulnerable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vulnerable`
Description	'Vulnerable' is a subtype of ''Susceptible'' specifying that the thing modified can be the patient of some undesirable Event, such as a damaging action, including psychological damage. For an increased likelihood of experiencing undesirable Events, the subtype '''Liable'' should be used. This can also be expressed linguistically by 'at risk' 'vulnerable to' is about the same as 'at risk of'. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'vulnerable' in WordNet: 1. (8) vulnerable - (susceptible to attack; 'a vulnerable bridge') 3. vulnerable - (capable of being wounded or hurt; 'vulnerable parts of the body")`
Super-classes	Susceptible^c
Sub-classes	Threatened^c Liable^c

Vulture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vulture`
Description	CYC: The collection of all vultures. `SUMO: A diurnal bird of prey with a bald head that feeds on carrion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vulture' in WordNet: 1. (4) vulture - (any of various large diurnal birds of prey having naked heads and weak claws and feeding chiefly on carrion)`
Super-classes	Scavenger^c BirdOfPrey^c
Sub-classes	Condor^c

Vulva^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Vulva`
Description	CYC: The collection of all sets of external female sex organs. The #$Vulva includes the #$Clitoris along with the #$LabiaMinora and the #$LabiaMajora. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vulva' in WordNet: 1. vulva - (external parts of the female genitalia)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart-Female^c Appendage-AnimalBodyPart^c ExternalSexOrgan^c ExternalOrifice^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value FemaleAnimal^c

WGS84Pole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WGS84Pole`
Description	A 'WGS84Pole' is one of the two 'PlanetaryPoles' of the Earth, as mapped in the WGS84 datum. This may or may not coincide with the true EarthPole at any given time. `Corresponds to sense 7 of 'pole' in WordNet, in WordNet: 7. pole - (one of two antipodal points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface)`
Super-classes	EarthPole^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WGS84^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheSouthPole http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheNorthPole

Waddle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waddle`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waddle' in WordNet: 1. waddle - (walking with short steps and the weight tilting from one foot to the other; 'ducks walk with a waddle')`
Super-classes	Walking^c
Sub-classes	DuckWalking^c

Wading^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wading`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wade' in WordNet: 1. (4) wade - (walk (through relatively shallow water); 'Can we wade across the river to the other side?'; 'Wade the pond')`
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value ShallowBodyOfWater^c

WadingBird^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WadingBird`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wading bird' in WordNet: 1. wading bird, wader - (any of many long-legged birds that wade in water in search of food)`
Super-classes	AquaticBird^c
Sub-classes	Flamingo^c Ibis^c Rail^c Heron^c

Wafer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wafer`
Description	A ''Thin'' ''SliceOfSomething''. a slice that is 'wafer-thin'. `NOTE: not necessarily produced by ''SlicingSomething'', though it may be (as with Silicon 'wafers' in electronics. Includes but is broader than noun senses 2 and 3 of 'wafer' in Wordnet: 2. wafer - (a small thin crisp cake or cookie) 3. wafer - (thin disk of unleavened bread used in a religious service (especially in the celebration of the Eucharist))`
Super-classes	SliceOfSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Thin^c

Wage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wage`
Description	A 'Wage' is a 'PaymentAmount' received regularly for each specified interval of time, in return for some service as an employee. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wage', sense 1 of 'pay' and sense 1 of 'salary' in WordNet ('wages' does not appear in this sense in WordNet: 1. (70) wage, pay, earnings, remuneration, salary - (something that remunerates; 'wages were paid by check'; 'he wasted his pay on drink'; 'they saved a quarter of all their earnings')`
Super-classes	PeriodicPayment^c Remuneration^c
Restrictions	hadBeneficiary^op only Employee^c
Sub-classes	LivingWage^c

WageEarner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WageEarner`
Description	S ''WageEarner'' is an ''Earner'' who receives a
Super-classes	Earner^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value EarningSomething^c

WageIncrease^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WageIncrease`
Description	A ''WageIncrease'' is the ''Increase'' (a ''Difference'') in the ''Wage'' of some worker before and after an ''IncreasingaWage'' Event. `This is approximately the apparent meaning of 'wage increase' in WOrdnet,though the terms here are also used to refer to the Event ''IncreasingaWage'') in which a Wage was increased. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wage hike' in WordNet: 1. raise, rise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase - (the amount a salary is increased; 'he got a 3% raise'; 'he got a wage hike')`
Super-classes	Increase^c
Restrictions	hasObjectChanged^op value Wage^c isTheResultOf^op some IncreasingaWage^c

WageList^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WageList`
Description	Each ''WageList'' is a ''Table'' describing the ''Wage'' for each of some ''List'' of People. This type of ''Table'' is represented as a List of Lists, and each element of a ''WageList'' is one ''PersonWageEntry'', representing one ''Employee'' and that Person's ''Wage'' for that payroll period. NOTE: This representation of ''WageList'' does not include ancillary information such as a 'SocialSecurityNumber''.TO include that, a different though similar type can be created. This is the abstract form of a ''Payroll'', which is the physical record. NOTE: WN is ambiguous about whether a 'payroll' is a physical 'book' or the more abstract Lst that can be represented in sucha book. The WN 'payroll' is represented by both this abstract ''WageList'' and its physical representation ''Payroll'. . Corresponds to the abstract noun sense 1 of 'payroll' in WordNet: 1. (1) payroll, paysheet - (a list of employees and their salaries; 'the company had a long payroll')
Super-classes	Table^c
Restrictions	hasListElement^op some PersonWageEntry^c

Wagging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wagging`
Description	A 'Wagging' is a 'ShakingMotion' performed by an ''Animal'' in which some body part (tail, finger) is intentionally moved back and forth. The motion is not solely rectiliner, but should be close to an oscillation from a point, as is the 'wagging' of a dog's tail. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wag' in WordNet: 1. (3) wag, waggle - (move from side to side; 'The happy dog wagged his tail')`
Super-classes	Swinging^c ActionSeries^c ShakingMotion^c
Sub-classes	TailWagging^c

Wagon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wagon`
Description	$Wagon is a specialization of #$TransportationContainerProduct, #$WheeledTransportationDevice, and #$MusclePoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Wagon is a relatively small non-motorized wheeled device (usually with two or more wheels) used for moving goods. Instances of #$Wagon are usually human-powered or animal-powered. SUMO: A Landcraft that is not self-propelled, but must be pulled by either an Animal or a self-propelled Vehicle to move along the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wagon' in Wordnet: 1. (24) wagon, waggon - (any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by a horse or tractor)
Super-classes	TransportationContainerProduct^c MusclePoweredDevice^c WheeledTransportationDevice^c
Sub-classes	Cart^c HayWagon^c IceWagon^c

Wailing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wailing`
Description	The sound made by a Person ''Bawling''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wailing' in WordNet: 1. (1) wailing, bawling - (loud cries made while weeping)`
Super-classes	AudibleSound^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Loud^c isProducedByEventType^op value Bawling^c

Waist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waist`
Description	The Waist is the middle part of an animal's 'Trunk-BodyCore' ('Torso' for people), just above the Hips. This is not restricted to people. `CYC: The middle of a torso. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waist' in WordNet: 1. (4) waist, waistline - (the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Trunk-BodyCore^c

Waiter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waiter`
Description	A male or female person who serves food at some form of 'Dining' Event. This is not necessarily an occupation, nor is it necessarily done for pay; it could be done, for example, by a volunteer at a church social function. A 'Waiter' must serve food or drink (therefore this includes the somelier), but can also do other functions. This does not have to be a habitual action for the Waiter - it can be done once in a lifetime, as a volunteer - as a Role, the person will only be a Waiter while s/he is performing the duties of a Waiter, or is employed as a Waiter, or practices the profession of Waiter, even though temporarily unemployed. `NOTE that the Action performed ''WaitingOnTables'' is represented here as a paid job (an ''Occupation''). Some ''Occupation' jobs can be performed by unpaid people - this is one of them. In Cyc called 'WaitPerson', and in CYC this is an occupation.: A #$Person who serves as a waiter or waitress. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waiter' in Wordnet: 1. (4) waiter, server - (a person whose occupation is to serve at table (as in a restaurant))`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WaitingOnTables^c

Waiting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waiting`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$ConsciousActivity. Each instance of #$Waiting is an event in which an agent remains in a state of expectation, anticipating the occurence of some future event. This differs form the parent 'Refraining' in that this Action anticipates some future Event that wojld cause the Waiting to cease, whereas the more general 'Refraining' may be a decision to refrain indefinitely, regardless of the future. COSMO note: in COSMO Waiting is always in anticipation of some FutureEvent (a 'FutureSituation'), whether it is or is not actually expected to happen. The restriction including 'Anticipation-Feeling' expresses this notion, and the Event anticipated is the same Event expressed by the 'refersToFutureSituation' restriction. The Event that is waited for must be stipulated as the value of 'refersToFutureSituation'. @ToDo: It is unclear whether it is possible to specify any generic type of 'activity' to which 'Waiting' is an alternative - the most general Action includes 'Waiting'! Think about this. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 2 of 'wait' in WordNet: 1. (100) wait - (stay in one place and anticipate or expect something; 'I had to wait on line for an hour to get the tickets') WN noun 'wait': 2. (2) wait, waiting - (the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something); 'the wait was an ordeal for him')
Super-classes	ConsciousActivity^c NonEvent^c PurposefulAction^c Refraining^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op some FutureSituation^c hasSubEvent^op value Anticipation-Feeling^c
Sub-classes	HoldingOffActing^c Ambushing^c

WaitingOnTables^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaitingOnTables`
Description	'WaitingOnTables' is an Action in which one Agent (usually a Person) brings food to some Person during a 'Dining' Event. This type is done for pay, at a restaurant or any other location (including outdoor) where food can be eaten by people. This is considered an ''Occupation'' althgh it can be quite temporary and usually is not a lifetime ''Occpation''. `For unpaid ''WaitingOnTables'' use the parent ''ServingFoodOrDrink''. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'wait' in WordNet: 4. (2) wait, waitress - (serve as a waiter or waitress in a restaurant; 'I'm waiting on tables at Maxim's')`
Super-classes	Occupation^c ServingFoodOrDrink^c
Restrictions	occursDuring^op value Dining^c occursAt^op value RestaurantSpace^c

Waiver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waiver`
Description	A ''Waiver''' is a ''Document-Physical'' that represents the conceptual contents of a 'ForgoingSomething'' specifying some Action that a Person has the Right and possibility to do, but chooses to not exercise that right. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waiver' in WordNet: 1. release, waiver, discharge - (a formal written statement of relinquishment)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c PhysicalEvidence^c Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value ForgoingSomething^c showsEvidenceOf^op value ForgoingSomething^c isProducedByEventType^op value ForgoingSomething^c

WakeForaCorpse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WakeForaCorpse

Description

Any social gathering that takes place in the presence of a recently dead corpse, prior to burial. This is not necessariy a religious ritual.

    Corresponds to noun sense 12 of 'wake' in RHW:
       13. a watch or vigil by the body of a dead person before burial,
     sometimes accompanied by feasting or merrymaking.

    Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'wake' in WordNet:
      4. wake, viewing - (a vigil held over a corpse 
        the night before burial; 'there's no weeping at an Irish wake')

Super-classes SocialRitual^c

WakeOfaBoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WakeOfaBoat`
Description	Any Wave caused by a moving Boat - it can be small or large. NOTE that in COSMO a wave in water is an Object, not an Event or Process - this representation may not suit all purposes; because it is moving, it is a DynamicObject. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wake' in WordNet: 3. wake, backwash - (the wave that spreads behind a boat as it moves forward; 'the motorboat's wake capsized the canoe')`
Super-classes	WaterWave^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value BoatMovingInWaterEvent^c

WakeUpTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WakeUpTime`
Description	Each ''WakeUpTime'' is the ''TimeOfDay'' at which some person (or Group of persons) intend to wake up after sleeping or usually wake up.
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType^op value Morning^c commonlyHasEventType^op value WakingUpFromSleep^c

Wakeboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wakeboard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wakeboard' in WordNet: 1. wake board, wakeboard - (a buoyant board (resembling a surfboard) that is used to ride over water while being pulled behind a motorboat)`
Super-classes	Board^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Wakeboarding^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Floatable^c

Wakeboarding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wakeboarding`
Description	''akeboarding'' is the Sport of riding a ''BodyOfWater'' on a ''Wakeboard'' that is being towed by a boat.
Super-classes	WaterSportActivity^c MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value Wakeboard^c hasSubEvent^op value Towing^c

WakingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WakingUp`
Description	'WakingUp' is an Action in which some Animal goes from a state of 'SleepingEvent' or 'Unconsciousness' to a state of BeingAwake NOTE that we use the causal relation 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' rather than 'isTheStartingPartOf' to relate WakingUp and BeingAwake, because in COSMO as soon as the BeingAwake Event starts, the animal is no longer performing the 'WakingUp' Action. Includes but is broader than WordNet verb sense 2 of 'wake', being that it includes waking from Unconsciousness, and includes sense 2 of 'waken' and sense 2 of 'awaken' and sense 2 of 'wake up' in WordNet: 2. (3) wake up, awake, arouse, awaken, wake, come alive, waken - (stop sleeping; 'She woke up to the sound of the alarm clock')
Super-classes	CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent^c Action^c BecomingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasPrecondition^op value UnconsciousnessOrSleeping^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value BeingAwake^c
Sub-classes	WakingUpFromSleep^c

WakingUpAnAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WakingUpAnAnimal`
Description	'WakingUpAnAnimal' is an Event that causes some Animal to go from a state of 'SleepingEvent' to a state of BeingAwake. A 'WakingUpAnAnimal' Event may be a deliberate action on the part of another Animal (such as one Person waking up another), but can also be an Event such as a noise (an alarm clock), an Earthquake, some internal physiological Event, or anything else that can cause an Animal to wake up. This includes the sense of 'wake-up' in RHW: 2. an act or instance of being awakened: I asked the hotel desk for a wake-up at 6. NOTE that we use the causal relation 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' rather than 'isTheStartingPartOf' to relate WakingUp and BeingAwake, because in COSMO as soon as the BeingAwake Event starts, the animal is no longer performing the 'WakingUp' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'wake', verb sense 1 of 'waken', sense 1 of 'awaken', sense 1 of 'wake up', sense 4 of 'rouse' and sense 5 of 'arouse' in WordNet: 5. awaken, wake, waken, rouse, wake up, arouse - (cause to become awake or conscious; 'He was roused by the drunken men in the street'; 'Please wake me at 6 AM.')
Super-classes	Action^c
Restrictions	causedTheStoppingOf^op value SleepingEvent^c hasPrecondition^op value SleepingEvent^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value WakingUpFromSleep^c

WakingUpFromSleep^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WakingUpFromSleep`
Description	'WakingUpFromSleep' is a intransitive subtype of 'WakingUp' in which some Animal (the *subject'performer/agent of the Action) goes from a state of 'SleepingEvent' to a state of ''BeingAwake''. This is the usual meaning of 'Waking Up' but it differs from the COSMO type 'WakingUp' in that the prior condition is to be sleeping normally, and not to be Unconscious. `Corresponds to verb sense verb sense 2 of 'wake', sense 2 of 'waken' and sense 2 of 'awaken' and sense 2 of 'wake up' in WordNet: 2. (3) wake up, awake, arouse, awaken, wake, come alive, waken - (stop sleeping; 'She woke up to the sound of the alarm clock')`
Super-classes	WakingUp^c
Restrictions	causes^op value BeingAwake^c causedTheStoppingOf^op value SleepingEvent^c hasPrecondition^op value SleepingEvent^c

Walk-in^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Walk-in`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walk-in' in WordNet: 1. walk-in - (person who walks in without having an appointment; 'the emergency room was overrun with walk-ins')`
Super-classes	Visitor^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Visiting^c lacks^op value Appointment^c

Walker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Walker`
Description	This sense of ''Walker'' is for a light portable Device that a Person can use to lean on so as assist in ''Walking'', that has for legs and may have wheels on the bottom. `This type is a frame, but does not necessarily have weels. A subtype can be created for wheeled versions. The 'Zimmer' is not word in most dictionaries Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'walker' in WordNet: 5. walker, Zimmer, Zimmer frame - (a light enclosing framework (trade name Zimmer) with rubber castors or wheels and handles; helps invalids or the handicapped or the aged to walk)`
Super-classes	MobilityAid^c Framework^c Device^c SupportingObject^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Pedestrian^c enablesOrAssists^op value Walking^c hasPhysicalPart^op min 2

Walking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Walking`
Description	Ambulation that is not running, performed by any animal. At every time point at least one leg must be in contact with the ground. One can 'walk' on any planet with sufficient gravity, including the Moon. Called 'Walking-Generic' in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$Ambulation: the collection of all instances of #$LocomotionProcess in which the locomotor (usually but not necessarily an animal) always has at least one foot in contact with the surface. #$Walking-Generic is therefore disjoint with #$Running. Notable specializations of this collection include #$AnimalWalkingProcess, #$WalkingOnTwoLegs and #$WalkingOnFourLegs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'walk' and noun sense 1 of 'walking' in WordNet: WN verb 'walk': 1. (1092) walk - (use one's feet to advance; advance by steps; 'Walk, don't run!'; 'We walked instead of driving'; 'She walks with a slight limp'; 'The patient cannot walk yet'; 'Walk over to the cabinet') WN noun 'walk': 1. (4) walk, walking - (the act of traveling by foot; 'walking is a healthy form of exercise') WN verb 'hoof it': 1. foot, leg it, hoof, hoof it - (walk; 'let's hoof it to the disco')
Super-classes	Gait^c
Restrictions	occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value PlanetarySurfaceObject^c isPerformedBy^op value Pedestrian^c
Sub-classes	WalkingAway^c Prowling^c WalkingOnSnow^c Trudging^c Prancing^c Staggering^c WalkingOnTwoLegs^c Moonwalk^c Waddle^c Toddling^c

WalkingAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingAnimal`
Description	A 'WalkingAnimal' is an Animal that uses legs as its primary means propulsion. This includes hopping animals such as grasshoppers and kangaroos - 'walking' here just means propelling by means of legs, which is termed 'Ambulation' in COSMO. Note that birds may hop while on the groundm and 'Hopping' is one form of 'Ambulation', but for flying birds this is not the primary means of propulsion. For flightless birds, Walking is the primary means of propulsion. So this is a broad category including many arthropods and some birds, as well as most mammals. NOTE that the capability is for a protypical animal of this category, and some individuals may not have the ability to walk, even though the prototype of the species can.
Super-classes	Animal^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value Ambulation^c
Sub-classes	Mammal^c Arthropod^c

WalkingAway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingAway`
Description	''WalkingAway'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' on foot - of any Mammal. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walk away' in WordNet: 1. walk off, walk away - (go away from; 'The actor walked off before he got his cue'; 'I got annoyed and just walked off')`
Super-classes	Walking^c LeavingaPlace^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Mammal^c

WalkingForExercise^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingForExercise

Description

''WalkingForExercise'' is a ''Walking'' that is performed mainly as a form of ''ExercisingEvent'', but may be in part a ''RecreationalActivity''; it may also or be considered also as a ''Travelling''when a person decides to walk somewhere when they would normally ride to that location; but it can also be performed indoors, for example on a ''Treadmill''.
Does not include jogging or running.

      If more than a mile and not for exercise or recreation, use ''Tramping''
      For longer walks performed as a ''RecreationalActivity'' use ''Hiking''.

      Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'walk' in WordNet
        (by including a 'walk around the block' - i.e. going nowhere or
        in a closed circuit) and is also narrower in excluding a walking to a destination
        that is *not* performed for exercise; also includes part of
        verb sense 6 of 'walk', when the 'recreation' element is imxed with
        an intention to 'exercise'
       in WordNet:
            4. (2) walk - (the act of walking somewhere; "he took a walk after lunch")
         WN verb 'walk':
           6. (9) walk, take the air - (take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure;
            'The lovers held hands while walking'; 'We like to walk every Sunday')

Super-classes ExercisingEvent^c
HumanWalkingProcess^c

WalkingImpairment^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingImpairment`
Description	''WalkingImpairment'' is any ''Disability'' that makes it difficult or impossible for a Person to walk normally. This can be minor, as a small limp, in degrees up to total loss of both legs or quadriplegia. People with the minor types of ''WalkingImpairment'' may be able to walk with a limp, or an abnormal gait such as a 'Trendellenberg Gait' ('walking like a penguin or a duck', with a waddle). Those with more serious impairment will need some 'MobilityAid'' to ambulate without the help of other people, or may need such equipment and the help of others as well. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disability of walking' in WordNet: 1. disability of walking - (a disability that interferes with or prevents walking)`
Super-classes	Disability^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some Person^c hinders^op value Walking^c
Sub-classes	PigeonToes^c

WalkingInTheRain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingInTheRain`
Description	''WalkingInTheRain'' is a ''WalkingOutdoors'' that occurs while it is raining in the locality of the walking. This can include hurried walking, and even a little running to get out of the rain. It may include wearing or carrying ''RainGear''
Super-classes	WalkingOutdoors^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unhurried^c

WalkingOnSnow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingOnSnow`
Description	''WalkingOnSnow'' is a specialized type to help descibe the unique type of walking people do while wearing 'SnowShoe''s.
Super-classes	Walking^c
Restrictions	occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value PileOfSnow^c

WalkingOnTwoLegs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingOnTwoLegs`
Description	Walking done by animals who routinely use two legs. Animals with 'bipedalism': 1. bipedalism - (the bodily attribute of being bipedal; having two feet; 'bipedalism made the human form of birth possible') `CYC: The collection of events in which an animal or similarly-shaped agent walks on two legs.`
Super-classes	Walking^c
Sub-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c

WalkingOutdoors^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingOutdoors`
Description	'''WalkingOutdoors'' is a ''HumanWalkingProcess'' (walking by people) performed Outdoors. This can include hurried walking, and even a little running to get out of the rain.
Super-classes	HumanWalkingProcess^c OutdoorActivity^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unhurried^c
Sub-classes	Strolling^c WalkingInTheRain^c

WalkingStick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalkingStick`
Description	A ''Stick'' that is used as a support for walking. It should longer than an arm and not much longer than the person using it - of any age. This is not necessarily a manufactured artifact, it could be a natural stick pressed into service for the purpose of support. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walking stick' in Wordnet: 1. (1) walking stick - (a stick carried in the hand for support in walking)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c Stick^c
Restrictions	hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 250.0^c allowsOrAssists^op value Walking^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 90.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c
Sub-classes	Cane^c

Wall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wall`
Description	This is an interior vertical wall of a structure, including both the inside-facing and the outside-facing parts of the vertical structure. For other types of walls, use 'Wall-GenericBarrier'. This is the 'wall' one sees when one is inside a room. In CYC called 'WallOfAConstruction': CYC: #$WallOfAConstruction is a specialization of #$PartOfAnHSC and #$Wall-Vertical. Each instance of #$WallOfAConstruction is a part of a #$HumanShelterConstruction. This includes the walls on the outside of the building as well as those on the inside such as the wall separating two rooms in a house. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wall' in WordNet: 1. (657) wall - (an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure; 'the south wall had a small window'; 'the walls were covered with pictures')
Super-classes	WallOrPost^c PartOfRoomInAConstruction^c PartOfAnHSC^c Wall-GenericBarrier^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some Room^c

Wall-GenericBarrier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wall-GenericBarrier`
Description	COSMO note: This 'wall' is not necessarily an artifact. For sheet-like objects that serve as barriers to anything (biological membranes, 'LampShade's) see 'SheetlikeBarrier'; those are not necessarily top-and-bottom sided objects. CYC: The collection of all walls, those of construction artifacts as well as of other artifacts, e.g., container products, and of non-artifacts such as caves and cliffs. A ''Wall-GenericBarrier'' differs from other kinds of ''Barrier'' in that it is mostly closed, unlike most fences. Any such barrier restricts movement through the region in which the barrier exists. This is expressed by the 'hinders' relation. The thing that one is hindered from 'passing by' it the 'Wall-GenericBarrier' itself. This should be expressed by an @FOL axiom. The metaphorial 'wall' of WN sense 3 is a 'BlockingSituation'. Things that are not generally called 'wall' are included here, including geological structures or other objects (or even situations) resembling a structural wall. The closest WordNet synsets are 'barrier' sense 1 and 'wall' senses 3 (only ythe physical obejcts suggesting a wall) and 6: Note that the metaphorical 'barrier' is 'BlockingSituation': in WordNet: 1. (4) barrier - (a structure or object that impedes free movement) WN 'wall' 3. (64) wall - (anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; 'a wall of water'; 'a wall of smoke'; 'a wall of prejudice'; 'negotiations ran into a brick wall') 6. (17) wall - (a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain))
Super-classes	TopAndBottomSidedObject^c PartitionStructure^c PhysicalObject^c BarrierObject^c
Restrictions	hinders^op some (PassingThroughOrBySomething^c or Action^c or ActionType^c or ProcessType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c
Sub-classes	Window^c PoliceRoadblock^c Fence^c Railing^c Floor^c SurroundingWall^c AutoFloorboard^c Dike^c ExteriorWall^c Fortification^c Barricade^c SupportingSurface^c Escarpment^c Wall^c Gate^c BeaverDam^c BlockWall^c Grating^c Dam^c

WallBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallBoard`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wallboard' in WordNet: 1. wallboard, drywall - (a wide flat board used to cover walls or partitions; made from plaster or wood pulp or other materials and used primarily to form the interior walls of houses)`
Super-classes	FreeSheet^c Board^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c SolidObject^c ArtifactObject^c ConstructionObject^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet^dp value 9.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wide^c
Sub-classes	PlasterBoard^c

WallBracket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallBracket`
Description	A ''WallBracket'' is an L-shaped usually metal ''SupportingObject'' that can be fastened to a vertical wall and support an object (oten a shelf0 above it - typically fasted to the wall and object above by screws. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bracket' in WordNet: 4. bracket - (an L-shaped support projecting from a wall (as to hold a shelf))`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value L-shaped^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rigid^c

WallCoping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallCoping`
Description	A ''WallCoping''is the top brick layer of a brick 'wall' that is not a supporting part of a structure. This onsists of mutiple individual ''Brick''s. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coping' in WordNet: 1. (1) header, coping, cope - (brick that is laid sideways at the top of a wall)`
Super-classes	Covering-Object^c ObjectGroup^c Layer^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op min 3 isOnTopOf^op value BlockWall^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BlockWall^c hasOrientation^op value Horizontal^c

WallHanging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallHanging`
Description	A ''WallHanging'' is an ''InteriorDecoration'' consisting of a sheet of some fabric material that is hung flat against a wall. Large ''WallHanging''s with images woven into them are represented by the subtype ''Tapestry''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wall hanging' in WordNet: 1. hanging, wall hanging - (decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window; 'the cold castle walls were covered with hangings')`
Super-classes	InteriorDecoration^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c FabricObject^c
Restrictions	isSupportedBy^op value Wall^c
Sub-classes	Tapestry^c

WallOrPost^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallOrPost`
Super-classes	Synonym^c
Sub-classes	Wall^c BlockWall^c VerticalPost^c

WallOutlet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallOutlet`
Description	A ''WallOutlet'' is an ''ElectricalOutlet'' located in a wall, providing a ''Receptacle'' that can receive the plug on the end of the power cord of an electrical device, providing a voltage that provides crent to power the device. `Corresponds to the subtype of WN ''electrical outlet'' that is located in a wall: WN noun sense 2of 'outlet': in WordNet: 2. (1) wall socket, wall plug, electric outlet, electrical outlet, outlet, electric receptacle -(receptacle providing a place in a wiring system where current can be taken to run electrical devices)`
Super-classes	ElectricalOutlet^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Wall^c

WallPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallPaper`
Description	'WallPaper'' is a ''SheetlikeSubstance'' consisting mostly of some organic materials, either fibers like in ''Paper'' or a synthetic Plastic. It is designed for covering wals, but is also used to cover other flat surfaces such as shelves. `CYC: The generic material called wallPaper Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wallpaper' in WordNet (WN does not make the clear distinction between substance and object: this is a substance): in WordNet: 1. (3) wallpaper - (a decorative paper for the walls of rooms)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c FibrousSubstance^c OrganicSubstance^c SheetlikeSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fibrous^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Foldable^c isDesignedToCover^op value Wall^c

WallPaperSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WallPaperSheet`
Description	COSMO: This is a piece or pieces of Wallpaper, not a substance. This includes 'Wallpaper' which is not paper, for example fabric wall coverings and plastic-based wall coverings. This term might change, if it causes confusion. `Although 'WallPaper' is designed to cover vertical walls,it may be used to cover other surfaces, such as a ceilnig. Cyc: The generic material called wallPaper. SUMO: Any decorative paper that is used to cover the Walls of Rooms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wallpaper' in WordNet: 1. (3) wallpaper - (a decorative paper for the walls of rooms)`
Super-classes	SheetArtifact^c StructuralOrnamentation^c Covering-Object^c ArtObject^c FoldableObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Wall^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value WallPaper^c
Sub-classes	RollOfWallPaper^c

Wallaby^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wallaby`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wallaby' in WordNet: 1. wallaby, brush kangaroo - (any of various small or medium-sized kangaroos often brightly colored)`
Super-classes	Kangaroo^c

Wallet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wallet`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wallet' in Wordnet: 1. (2) wallet, billfold, notecase, pocketbook - (a pocket-size case for holding papers and paper money)`
Super-classes	PortableCarrier^c ClothingAccessory^c PersonalDevice^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCarry^op value MoneyObject^c

Walnut^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Walnut`
Description	This is the whole walnut, including the shell. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walnut ' in Wordnet: 1. (1) walnut - (nut of any of various walnut trees having a wrinkled two-lobed seed with a hard shell)`
Super-classes	BallLikeObject^c MarbleSizedObject^c Nut-TheFruit^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value WalnutTree^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c hasSurfacePart^op value WalnutShell^c isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value WalnutTree^c

WalnutKernel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalnutKernel`
Description	This is the soft inner edible part of a ''Walnut'', excluding the shell.
Super-classes	EdibleNut^c MarbleSizedObject^c
Restrictions	isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf^op value Walnut^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 2.0^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Edible^c

WalnutShell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalnutShell`
Description	The outer shell of a ''WalNut''. Represented here beause it has a distinctive easily identifiable shape..
Super-classes	NutShell^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value Walnut^c isAtTheSurfaceOf^op value Walnut^c

WalnutTree^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WalnutTree

Description

A tree producing ''Walnut''s.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walnut tree' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) walnut, walnut tree - (any of various trees of the genus Juglans)

Super-classes NutTree^c

Walrus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Walrus`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walrus' in WordNet: 1. (1) walrus, seahorse, sea horse - (either of two large northern marine mammals having ivory tusks and tough hide over thick blubber)`
Super-classes	SeaMammal^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op min 2

WaltzMusic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaltzMusic`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'waltz' in WordNet: 2. waltz - (music composed in triple time for waltzing)`
Super-classes	DanceMusic^c

Waltzing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waltzing`
Description	''Waltzing'' is a form of ''BallroomDancing'' with any of several specific defined sequences of steps, performed to a 'waltz' style of music. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'waltz' in WordNet: 1. waltz, waltz around - (dance a waltz)`
Super-classes	BallroomDancing^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyPerformedAt^op value DanceFloor^c

Wan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wan`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'wan' in Wordnet: 3. wan - (lacking vitality as from weariness or illness or unhappiness; 'a wan smile')`
Super-classes	Weak^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c

Wand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wand`
Description	This ''Wand'' can include the 'magic wand' of a sorcerer, but that is represented directly by the subtype ''MagicWand''. `Corresponds to of noun sense 1 of 'wand' in WordNet: 1. (1) wand - (a rod used by a magician or water diviner)`
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c LongAndThinThing^c PointyEndedObject^c Rod^c
Sub-classes	MagicWand^c

Wanderer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wanderer`
Description	The agent in a 'Wandering' Action, not necessarily a Person - could be an animal, or (metaphorically?) a ship (see WN example). This includes people who have a permanent residence but are temporarily leading a wandering life style. For nomadic people use subtype ''Nomad''. `The habitual human wanderers are reperesented as the subtypes ''Drifter'' and ''Hobo''. The required specification of the Wandering action can be vague, merely indicating the time period and general location. THe WordNet 'wanderer' appears specific for people - use 'Drifter' or its subtype 'Hobo' for that sense. in WordNet: 1. (1) vagabond - (anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place; 'pirate ships were vagabonds of the sea')`
Super-classes	Role^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Wandering^c
Sub-classes	TransientPerson^c Drifter^c Nomad^c

Wandering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wandering`
Description	Wandering is an animal 'Movement-TranslationEvent' that can be performed on foot or in a vehicle (or on horseback), and is characterized by the agent not having any specific destination(s) in mind when the Wandering starts; usually used to describe human actions. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'wander' in RHW: 1. to ramble without a definite purpose or objective; roam, rove, or stray: to wander over the earth. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wander'and sense 1 of 'roam' in WordNet: 1. (18) roll, wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam, cast, ramble, rove, range, drift, vagabond - (move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment; 'The gypsies roamed the woods'; 'roving vagabonds'; 'the wandering Jew'; 'The cattle roam across the prairie'; 'the laborers drift from one town to the next'; 'They rolled from town to town')
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c Movement-TranslationEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some Wanderer^c
Sub-classes	Meandering^c Nomadism^c

Waning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waning

Description

A subAttribute of ''Decreasing'' specifically for the rection in reflected light from the moon as it passes from full moon to NewMoon.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'waning' in Wordnet:
          1. waning - ((of the moon) pertaining to the period during which 
            the visible surface of the moon decreases; 'after full moon comes the waning moon')

Super-classes Decreasing^c

WaningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaningEvent`
Description	A ''WaningEvent'' is a gradual ''DecreaseEvent'', in size, intensity, importance, or other quality of an Object or Event. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waning' in WordNet: 1. (1) waning - (a gradual decrease in magnitude or extent; 'the waning of his enthusiasm was obvious'; 'the waxing and waning of the moon') WN verb 'wane': 1. (2) decline, go down, wane - (grow smaller; 'Interest in the project waned') 2. (1) wane - (become smaller; 'Interest in his novels waned')`
Super-classes	Action^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gradual^c

Wannabe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wannabe`
Description	A ''Wannabe'' is a Person who desires to become a certain type or Role of Person, but has not yet achieved that goal, but has not yet failed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wannabe' in WordNet: 1. aspirant, aspirer, hopeful, wannabe, wannabee - (an ambitious and aspiring young person; 'a lofty aspirant'; 'two executive hopefuls joined the firm'; 'the audience was full of Madonna wannabes')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Aspiring^c

War^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#War`
Description	Any kind of MilitaryAction large enough to be called a 'War',usually between sovereign GeopoliticalEntities. This includes ancient battles such as the Trojan War. A War must have at least two conflicting IntelligentAgents, which could be countries. Both agents would be 'waging war'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'war' in WordNet: 1. (487) war, warfare - (the waging of armed conflict against an enemy; 'thousands of people were killed in the war')`
Super-classes	UndesirableThing^c MilitaryEngagement^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value Person^c occursDuring^op value War^c hasSubEvent^op value Battle^c hasSubEvent^op value DangerousSituation^c mayCause^op value Death^c hasSubEvent^op value MilitaryAttack^c hasIntendedResultOrProduct^op value DefeatingAnOpponent^c
Sub-classes	InternationalJihad^c GuerrillaWar^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondWorldWar

Warbler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warbler`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 12 of 'warbler' in WordNet: 2. warbler - (a small active songbird)`
Super-classes	OscineBird^c

Warden^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warden`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warden' in WordNet: 1. warden, warder - (the chief official in charge of a prison)`
Super-classes	Manager^c LawEnforcementOfficer^c HeadOfAnOrganization^c
Restrictions	isEmployedBy^op value ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization^c typicallyManages^op value Prison^c

Wardrobe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wardrobe`
Description	A ''Wardrobe'' is the set of clothes owned by one LegalAgent - usually a Person, but it could be a group or an Organization. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wardrobe' in WordNet: 2. (1) wardrobe - (collection of clothing belonging to one person)`
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c Clothing^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some LegalAgent^c hasComponentElement^op only ClothingItem^c

Wardrobe-Furniture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wardrobe-Furniture`
Description	''Wardrobe-Furniture'' is a tall piece of furniture that can serve as a mobile 'clothes closet'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wardrobe' in WordNet: 1. (3) wardrobe, closet, press - (a tall piece of furniture that provides storage space for clothes; has a door and rails or hooks for hanging clothes)`
Super-classes	Object-SupportingFurniture^c FurniturePiece^c StorageConstruct^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Door^c hasComponentPart^op value Hanger^c hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters^dp value 160.0^c isDesignedToContain^op value Clothing^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value HangingUpClothes^c

Wardroom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wardroom`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wardroom' in WordNet: 1. (1) wardroom - (military quarters for dining and recreation for officers of a warship (except the captain))`
Super-classes	MilitaryQuarters^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value ModernNavalShip^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value MilitaryOfficer^c

Warehouse^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warehouse

Description

Buildings where people (or businesses and corporations) store things usually in bulk. Generally this refers to commodities of some sort.

        SUMO: A very large CommercialBuilding whose purpose is 
          to store commodities.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warehouse' in Wordnet:
          1. (5) warehouse, storage warehouse - (a storehouse for goods and merchandise)

Super-classes StorageFacility^c
CommercialBuilding^c

Warhead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warhead`
Description	CYC: A collection of devices, a subset of #$Weapon. A warhead is a weapon carried in the nose cone of a missile. Usually some kind of explosive package is involved, but the weapon may also be biological or chemical in nature. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warhead' in WordNet: 1. warhead, payload, load - (the front part of a guided missile or rocket or torpedo that carries the nuclear or explosive charge or the chemical or biological agents)`
Super-classes	ExplosiveDevice^c MilitaryWeapon^c
Restrictions	isAtTheEndOf^op some (Missile^c or Torpedo^c)

Warily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warily`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'warily' in Wordnet: 1. (2) warily - (in a wary manner; 'the sailor watched the sky warily')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Warlord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warlord`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warlord' in WordNet: 1. warlord - (supreme military leader exercising civil power in a region especially one accountable to nobody when the central government is weak)`
Super-classes	MilitaryLeader^c MilitaryPerson^c
Restrictions	isTheLeaderOf^op value GeographicalArea^c isTheLeaderOf^op value ParamilitaryOrganization^c

Warm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warm

Description

Warm is a QualitativeAttributeValue for objects or ambient air, indicating that the temperature of the object is above normal room temperature (23 deg C), but not 'Hot'. For air temperatures, 'Warm' should be below 35 deg C, but for solid objects or water, 'Warm' can be as high as 45 deg C. The criterion is that warm things are above room temeorature, but not so hot as to be uncomfortable for a person to relax in (air) or to touch (objects).

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'warm' in WordNet;
       this is for temperature only, and a 'warm coat' is not the
       sense intended here:   in WordNet:
        1. (34) warm - (having or producing a comfortable and agreeable 
        degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat; 'a warm body';
        'a warm room'; 'a warm climate'; 'a warm coat')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

WarmBehavior^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarmBehavior

Description

'WarmBehavior' is a subtype of 'MannerOfBehavior' that is characterized by expressions of gentle, kind feelings on behalf of the Person acting toward some other Person.

      This approximates sense 4 of 'warmth' in RHW, but this is
        an Action that is externally visible, not a Feeling:
      4.  the quality of being intimate and attached: All children need warmth 
            and affection from their families.

      Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'warmth' in WordNet:
        5. affectionateness, fondness, lovingness, warmth -
          (a quality proceeding from feelings of affection or love)
      WN  This is related to noun sense 2 of 'warmth' in WordNet, but
      WN  the WordNet sense 2 is a Feeling,and this type interpreted
      WN  as being the Action that can be prompted by Feelings
      WN  of 'warmth': the Feeling is 'WarmFeelings'.
        2. (1) warmheartedness, warmth - (a warmhearted feeling)

Super-classes MannerOfBehavior^c

WarmClothingItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarmClothingItem`
Description	''WarmClothingItem'' is one item of clothing that is designed to keep one warm. Overcoat? `CYC: 'WarmClothes'`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c ClothingItem^c InsulatingCover^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToProduce^op value PersonalWarmth^c
Sub-classes	Cloak^c Coat^c Sweater^c WinterCoat^c

WarmFeelings^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarmFeelings`
Description	'WarmFeelings' is a subtype of 'DirectedFeeling' that disposes a Person to exhibit 'WarmBehavior'; this is directed toward specific Person(s), and does not necessarily imply benevolence to everyone (though that can be a subtype - (brotherly love?).. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'warmth' in WordNet: 2. (1) warmheartedness, warmth - (a warmhearted feeling)`
Super-classes	Affection^c
Restrictions	causes^op value WarmBehavior^c

WarmHearted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarmHearted

Description

''WarmHearted''

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'warmhearted' in Wordnet:
      1. warmhearted - (marked by warmth of feeling like kindness and sympathy 
         and generosity; 'gave a warmhearted welcome to the stranger')

Super-classes Sympathetic^c
Kind^c

WarmSeason^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarmSeason`
Description	A specialization of #$SeasonOfYear. Each instance of #$WarmSeason is the warmer time of the seasonal cycle at a particular region. In most places on Earth, an instance of #$WarmSeason temporally subsumes anb instance of #$SummerSeason. Each instance of #$WarmSeason is a weather season that is part of an annual cliomate cycle (see #$AnnualClimateCycle). Note that #$WarmSeason is not a specialization of #$CalendarSeason.
Super-classes	SeasonOfYear^c
Sub-classes	SummerSeason^c

WarmingProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarmingProcess`
Description
Super-classes	TemperatureChangingProcess^c RaisingaValue^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value Temperature^c

WarmingUp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarmingUp`
Description	''WarmingUp'' is an Action of an Athlete who is moving body parts to prepeare the muscles for srenuous activity. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'warm up' in WordNet: 5. (1) limber up, warm up, loosen up - (make one's body limber or suppler by stretching, as if to prepare for strenuous physical activity) WN noun 'warm up': 1. (1) warm-up, tune-up, prolusion - (exercising in preparation for strenuous activity) WN verb 'limber': 2. limber - (cause to become limber; 'The violist limbered her wrists before the concert')`
Super-classes	PreparingForSituation^c ExercisingEvent^c
Restrictions	wasaPreparationFor^op value StrenuousAthleticActivity^c isPerformedBy^op value Athlete^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Limber^c
Sub-classes	PitchingWarmUp^c

Warmly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warmly`
Description	Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'warmly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) heartily, cordially, warmly - (in a hearty manner; '`Yes,' the children chorused heartily'; 'We welcomed her warmly')
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Warmness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warmness

Description

''Warmness'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for people who feel as though the external air temperture is greater than room temperature (23 deg c) but not so hot as to be uncomfortable. This is a comfortable degree of warmth, depending on the external air temperature,wind chill factor, and the clothing worn.

     This can be considered as a subtype of ''Warm'' even though it is not
       precisely correlated with a temperature, because it is 
       correlated with the skin temperature which produces the sensation.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'warm' in WordNet
       (for pepple 'having' a comfortable warmth);
     in WordNet:
       1. (34) warm - (having or producing a comfortable and agreeable 
           degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat; 'a warm body';
          'a warm room'; 'a warm climate'; 'a warm coat')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Warning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warning`
Description	Each 'Warning' is an ''InformationBearingThing'' that can be a WarningSignal or a WarningText. Note that this is treated as an Object; for the Action of warning, use 'WarningAction'. `A Signal or an AbstractText whose content is information about the existence of a Risk, produced by a 'WarningAction'. This may be a WarningSignal (sound, flashing light) or the content of a linguistic communication ('WarningText') Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'warning' in WordNet: 1. (13) warning - (a message informing of danger) 2. (9) admonition, monition, warning, word of advice - (cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger))`
Super-classes	InformationBearingThing^c ExternalReferringThing^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureDanger^c
Sub-classes	WarningSignal^c

WarningAction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarningAction`
Description	COSMO note: this sense of 'warning' can apply to non-human animals and devices that emit warnings, as well as people. The more specific 'MakingAThreat' is human-specific. `Cyc: The collection of actions in which something (the #$warner) warns an agent (the #$warnee) about some danger (see #$warningOf). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'warn' in WordNet: 1. (22) warn - (notify of danger, potential harm, or risk; 'The director warned him that he might be fired'; 'The doctor warned me about the dangers of smoking')`
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c GivingaHeadsUp^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value RiskySituation^c produces^op value Warning^c
Sub-classes	MakingAThreat^c

WarningSignal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarningSignal`
Description	A 'Signal' is Signal that conveys the existence of some Risk. `an AbstractText whose content is information about the existence of a Risk, produced by a 'WarningAction'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'warning' in WordNet: 1. (13) warning - (a message informing of danger) 2. (9) admonition, monition, warning, word of advice - (cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger))`
Super-classes	Warning^c Signal^c
Restrictions	signifies^op value Warning^c
Sub-classes	TrafficLight^c

WarningText^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WarningText`
Description	Each 'WarningText' is an AbstractText whose content is information about the existence of a Risk, produced by a 'WarningAction'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warning' in WordNet: 1. (13) warning - (a message informing of danger)`
Super-classes	HeadsUp^c ConceptualWork^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value RiskySituation^c
Sub-classes	Caveat^c

Warplane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warplane`
Description	$Warplane is a specialization of #$Airplane, `#$WeaponSystem, and #$CombatAircraft. Each instance of #$Warplane is an #$Airplane which is designed (and often used) as a weapon of war. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warplane' in WordNet: 1. warplane, military plane - (an aircraft designed and used for combat)`
Super-classes	Aircraft^c WeaponSystem^c MilitaryWeapon^c
Sub-classes	BomberPlane^c

Warring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warring`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'warring' in Wordnet: 1. belligerent, fighting, militant, war-ridden, warring - (engaged in war; 'belligerent (or warring) nations'; 'a fighting war')`
Super-classes	InMotion^c

Warrior^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Warrior`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$Professional-Adults who specialize in fighting and combat against some enemy forces. This includes #$Soldiers and other combat members of armies, but does not include #$MartialArtists who practice only for athletic purposes. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warrior' in Wordnet: 1. (3) warrior - (someone engaged in or experienced in warfare)`
Super-classes	Professional-Adult^c Fighter^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Battle^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value Battle^c isKnowledgeableAbout^op value War^c
Sub-classes	Combatant^c Gunner^c Soldier^c Guerrilla^c USMarine^c Viking^c

Wartime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wartime`
Description	A ''Wartime'' is a TimeInterval during which some ''War'' is underway. This should be relative, a time in which a ''War'' that involves the Person for whom it is considered a ''Wartime''. There is often a War going on somewhere,but that is not considered Wartime for countries not fighting. `. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wartime' in WordNet: 1. wartime - (a period of time during which there is armed conflict)`
Super-classes	TimeInterval^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Restrictions	commonlyHasEventType^op value War^c

Wary^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wary

Description

''Wary'' is an attribute of a Person who is cautious in looking for potential dangers in doing Actions.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wary' in Wordnet:
        1. (2) wary - (marked by keen caution and watchful prudence;
          'they were wary in their movements'; 'a wary glance at the black clouds';
          'taught to be wary of strangers')

Super-classes Cautious^c
Vigilant^c
Prudent^c

WashBasin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashBasin

Description

A ''WashBasin'' is a smallish sink that is intended for or typically used to wash the hands, as in a bathroom, washroom or lavatory. Large Sinks designed for washing clothes or other purposes are not included.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washbasin' in WordNet:
          1. (1) washbasin, basin, washbowl, washstand, lavatory -  (a bathroom sink 
          that is permanently installed and connected to a water supply and drainpipe;
            where you can wash your hands and face; 
          'he ran some water in the basin and splashed it on his face')

Super-classes Sink^c

WashBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashBoard`
Description	A ''WashBoard'' is a ''Board'' having a corrugated usually metal surface used to wash clothes by rubbing them against that board while they are saturated with soapy water. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washboard' in WordNet: 1. washboard - (device consisting of a corrugated surface to scrub clothes on)`
Super-classes	Board^c PortableObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Scrubbing^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value WashingLaundry^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Corrugation^c

WashCloth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashCloth`
Description	A small, approximately one-square-foot, piece of cloth used to clean surfaces. `NOTE: 'flannel' is a British usage Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washcloth' in WordNet: 1. washcloth, washrag, flannel, face cloth - (bath linen consisting of a piece of cloth used to wash the face and body)`
Super-classes	FreeSheet^c CleaningImplement^c BathLinen^c HandSizedObject^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Cloth^c

WashedOutFlop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashedOutFlop`
Description	A ''WashedOutFlop'' is an ''UnsuccessfulPerson'' who has experienced the failure of an attempt to achieve some level of a profession, especially by undergoing a basic training program. `RHW 'washout': 6. Informal. a person who has failed a course of training or study: air force washouts. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'washout' in WordNet: 3. flop, dud, washout - (someone who is unsuccessful)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unsuccessful^c

WashingDishes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashingDishes`
Description	This is the collection of events in which a person washes FoodUtensils and other objects used in preparing and serving food.
Super-classes	WashingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op some (FoodVessel^c or FoodUtensil^c or EatingUtensilType^c or ArtifactObjectType^c)

WashingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashingEvent`
Description	A specialization of #$Cleaning. In each #$Washing event, some #$Water is being employed in the cleaning. Typically there will be some surfactant such as soap (cf. #$Soap-Personal) dissolved in the water. If only water (i.e., no soap) is used in a #$Washing, then the event also belongs to the more specialized #$Rinsing. Other notable specializations include #$Bathing and #$PersonalWashing. #$Scrubbing is not a specialization of this collection, since such events may occur without any water being involved. `NOTE: without soap or detergent, a related action would be a 'rinsing' (not yet represented) SUMO: Removing small particles from something by means of a Detergent and Water. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'wash' in WordNet: 2. (9) wash, lave - (cleanse (one's body) with soap and water) 3. (7) wash, launder - (cleanse with a cleaning agent, such as soap, and water; 'Wash the towels, please!') WN verb 'lave': 3. wash up, lave - (wash one's face and hands; 'She freshened up in the bathroom')`
Super-classes	CleaningEvent^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some SurfactantSolution^c
Sub-classes	WashingDishes^c WashingLaundry^c Scrubbing^c PersonalWashing^c AnimalBathing^c Soaping^c

WashingHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashingHair`
Description	This is the subtype of ''PersonalWashing in which people wash the ''HeadHair'' of themselves or (as in a hairdresser's) of some other Person..
Super-classes	PersonalWashing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op value HeadHair^c

WashingLaundry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashingLaundry`
Description	This is the collection of events in which a person washes the ''Laundry'', a group of ''SoiledClothObject''s. `@db1283@ToDo: need mixture 'SoapAndWater' for common usage. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'launder' (usi soap and water, not dry cleaning) in WordNet: 1. wash, launder - (cleanse with a cleaning agent, such as soap, and water; 'Wash the towels, please!')`
Super-classes	WashingEvent^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op some (SoiledClothObject^c or Laundry^c or ObjectType^c) usedSubstance^op value Soap^c

WashingMachine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashingMachine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washing machine' in WordNet: 1. washer, automatic washer, washing machine - (a home appliance for washing clothes and linens automatically)`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c ElectricalHouseholdAppliance^c ElectricalDevice^c ManufacturedGoods^c CleaningDevice^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value WashingLaundry^c

WashingOnesFaceAndHands^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WashingOnesFaceAndHands`
Description	This is the subtype of ''PersonalWashing in which a person washes his or her own face and/or hands (not necessarily both - subtypes can be created). `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wash up' in WordNet: 1. (1) wash up, lave - (wash one's face and hands; "She freshened up in the bathroom")`
Super-classes	PersonalWashing^c
Restrictions	hadObjectCleaned^op only Self^c

Washout^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Washout`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washout' in WordNet: 1. washout - (the channel or break produced by erosion of relatively soft soil by water; 'it was several days after the storm before they could repair the washout and open the road')`
Super-classes	Breach^c NaturalChannel^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Erosion^c isProducedByEventType^op value WaterCurrent^c servesAsaPathFor^op value Water^c

Washtub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Washtub`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washtub' in WordNet: 1. washtub - (a tub in which clothes or linens can be washed)`
Super-classes	Tub^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value WashingLaundry^c

Wasp^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wasp`
Description	CYC: The collection of insects known as 'wasps', sometimes close in appearance to bees.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wasp' in WordNet: 2. wasp - (social or solitary hymenopterans typically having a slender body with the abdomen attached by a narrow stalk and having a formidable sting)`
Super-classes	HymenopteranOrder^c VenomousAnimal^c Vermin^c
Restrictions	hasOrganicPart^op value Stinger^c hasSurfacePart^op value Stinger^c
Sub-classes	Hornet^c

Waste^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waste`
Description	''Waste' is any material (a Substance type) - solid or liquid or gas - that has been discarded (by any means) as unwanted - whether or not it is usable. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waste' in WordNet: 1. (6) waste, waste material, waste matter, waste product - (any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted; 'they collect the waste once a week'; 'much of the waste material is carried off in the sewers')`
Super-classes	WorthlessThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Discarded^c
Sub-classes	Pollutant^c WasteWater^c Trash^c

WasteWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WasteWater`
Description	''WasteWater'' is ''Waste'' consisting mostly of Water, whether from the rain runoff of streets or structures or waste from a buiding or indstrial facility. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wastewater' in WordNet: 1. (2) effluent, wastewater, sewer water - (water mixed with waste matter)`
Super-classes	LiquidSubstance^c Waste^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Sewage^c

Wastebasket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wastebasket`
Description	CYC: The collection of all wastebaskets. This is hte typical office wastebasket, used mostly for paper trash. `NOTE: this is a subtype of ''TrashBucket'' intended for waste paper. SUMO: A Container which is used for trash. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wastebasket' in Wordnet: 1. (3) wastepaper basket, waste-paper basket, wastebasket, waste basket, circular file - (a container with an open top; for discarded paper and other rubbish)`
Super-classes	TrashBucket^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Paper^c

Wasteful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wasteful`
Description	''Wasteful'' is an attribute characterizing a Person who tends to squander (waste) resources of any kind, objects or money or time. For the specific sense of often wasting money, use subatribure ''Profligate''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'wasteful' in WordNet: 2. wasteful - (tending to squander and waste)`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Profligate^c

Wasteland^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wasteland`
Description	A ''Wasteland'' is any ''Wilderness'' (an unsettled or very sparsely settled area) that is ''Uninhabited'' and not considered fit for cultivation or residential use. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wastelad' in WordNet: 1. (2) barren, waste, wasteland - (an uninhabited wilderness that is worthless for cultivation; 'the barrens of central Africa'; 'the trackless wastes of the desert')`
Super-classes	Wilderness^c LandArea^c
Restrictions	lacks^op value PopulatedPlace^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c
Sub-classes	Heath^c

WastingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WastingSomething`
Description	The act of using part or all of a limited supply of something (including Money or PhysicalObjects or any other Resource), either without any beneficial effect, or less efficiently than the Resource could have been used. Incliudes noun sense 2 of 'waste' and verb senses 1, 2, and 6 of 'waste' in WordNet: WN verb 'waste': 2. (8) waste - (use inefficiently or inappropriately; 'waste heat'; 'waste a joke on an unappreciative audience') 6. consume, squander, waste, ware - (spend extravagantly; 'waste not, want not') WN noun 'waste': 2. (4) waste, wastefulness, dissipation - (useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly; 'if the effort brings no compensating gain it is a waste'; 'mindless dissipation of natural resources')
Super-classes	ConsumingSomething^c
Sub-classes	SquanderingMoney^c SquanderingResources^c

Watch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watch`
Description	A type of 'Clock' that can be carried on the person, either worn on the wrist (a wristwatch), or carried in a pocket, usually having a chain or fastener to attach it to clothingl a pocket watch or wristwatch. A Watch must measure the TimeOfDay, so portable timers are not instances, though a Wathc may also have a timing function. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watch' in WordNet: 1. (9) watch, ticker - (a small portable timepiece)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c ClothingAccessory^c Clock^c
Sub-classes	WristWatch^c

Watchdog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watchdog`
Description	A subtype of ''WorkingDog''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'watchdog' in WordNet: 2. watchdog, guard dog - (a dog trained to guard property)
Super-classes	WorkingDog^c
Sub-classes	AttackDog^c

Watched^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watched`
Description	''Watched'' is an AttributeValue of something that is being closely watched ('monitored') by some Agent (including automatons).
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	UnderSurveillance^c

Watcher^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watcher`
Description	''KeepingWatch'' is a ''Monitoring'' performed by a ''Person'', to guard against some possible undesirable Event, and either take action or `Includes but is broader than (watching for any purpose) noun sense 3 of 'watcher' in WordNet: 3. watcher - (a person who keeps a devotional vigil by a sick bed or by a dead body)`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value KeepingWatch^c
Sub-classes	BabySitter^c

Watching^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watching`
Description	''Watching'' is to intenionally look attentatively. `WN verb 'watch': 1. (77) watch - (look attentively; 'watch a basketball game')`
Super-classes	Looking^c
Sub-classes	Monitoring^c KeepingWatch^c

WatchingForTrouble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WatchingForTrouble`
Description	''WatchingForTrouble'' is a ''KeepingWatch'' for any kind of potential trouble, which may have only a small probability of occurring. This can be done by any Person for any reason. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'watch out' in WordNet: 1. (5) watch, look out, watch out - (be vigilant, be on the lookout, be on one's guard, be careful; 'Watch out for pickpockets!')`
Super-classes	KeepingWatch^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Person^c
Sub-classes	BeingAware^c

WatchmansBeat^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WatchmansBeat

Description

A 'WatchmansBeat' is the Route traversed as part of his/her assigned job; this can be for policemen or private guards. It should be preestablished and officially designated by someone with the authority.

   Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beat' in WordNet:
     1. (1) beat, round - (a regular route for a sentry or policeman;
     'in the old days a policeman walked a beat and knew all his people by name')

Super-classes Route^c

Water^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Water`
Description	Water: the substance is not an object, but the semi-abstract substance of which each WaterObject is constituted. The Type 'Water' includes all substances consisting mostly of pure water, including aqueous solutions Ihis differs form the Cyc usage, below). NOTE that the Cyc 'Water' is an object, and differs logically from COSMO 'Water' as do other Cyc substances from their COSMO equivalents. 'pure water' would be a subtype of 'Water'. This is the chemical substance,and is not necessarily liquid, but can be solid ('ice') or vapor ('steam'); Cyc comment: An instance of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Water is one piece of some (pure or impure) portion of the chemical compound H2O. Instances of #$Water may be in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state (see #$stateOfMatter); they may be salty or not, drinkable or not. Examples include portions of the ocean, such as the #$BayOfBiscay and the #$BayOfBengal (see also #$SeaWater); bodies of fresh water, such as #$NiagaraFalls and the #$GangesRiver; quantities of chlorinated water (see #$PoolWater); and the contents of bottles of tonic water (see #$SeltzerWater). Any portion of liquid that consists mostly of water but differs from it in one or more important properties (as does e.g. urine, coffee, and lemonade) is not itself an instance of #$Water, but has an instance of #$Water as its main constituent (see #$mainConstituent). For the specialization of #$Water whose instances are pure, see (#$PureFn #$Water). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water' in WordNet: 1. (744) water, H2O - (binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent)
Super-classes	ChemicallyDefinedSubstance^c NaturalResourceSubstance^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value Living^c
Sub-classes	HotWater^c BottledWater^c SeltzerWater^c PureWater^c Water-Saline^c Water-Fresh^c RadiatorFluid^c GroundWater^c TapWater^c Moisture^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterAtOneGramPerMilliliter

Water-Fresh^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Water-Fresh`
Description	$Water in any physical state (solid, liquid, or `gas) which is considered fresh water rather than sea water. Thus, lakes, rivers, drinking water, steam, precipitation, are all fresh water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fresh water' in WordNet: 1. fresh water, freshwater - (water that is not salty)`
Super-classes	Water^c
Sub-classes	TapWater^c Frost^c Rain^c Dew^c PotableWater^c

Water-Saline^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Water-Saline`
Description	A specialization of #$Water. Each instance of #$Water-Saline is a portion of water with some substantial concentration of salt mixed into it. An important specialization of #$Water-Saline is #$SeaWater (q.v.). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saltwater' in Wordnet; 'seawater' is a subtype of this. in WordNet: 1. (1) seawater, saltwater, brine - (water containing salts; 'the water in the ocean is all saltwater')`
Super-classes	AqueousSolution^c Water^c
Restrictions	hasTaste^op value SaltyTasting^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Saline^c hasSolute^op value SodiumChloride^c
Sub-classes	Sweat^c SeaWater^c Brine^c

WaterBodyBed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterBodyBed`
Description	A ''WaterBodyBed'' is the thin layer of ground or artificial solid that underlies a BodyOfWater and serves as a container for it; this is the 'Container' which is part of the ContainerAndContents which is a BodyOfWater. Subtypes would be a ''LakeBed'', a ''StreamBed'', an ocean bottom, or a canal lining (if a canal had a lining). `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bed' in WordNet: 3. (2) bed, bottom - (a depression forming the ground under a body of water; 'he searched for treasure on the ocean bed')`
Super-classes	PlanetarySurfaceObject^c GeographicalObject^c PhysicalObject^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c Container^c
Sub-classes	SeaBed^c StreamBed^c LakeBed^c

WaterBottle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterBottle`
Description	Bottles which are intended for storage/drinking of water. This is mostly intended to mean those which are re-used, rather than those in which water is merely sold. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water bottle' in WordNet: 1. water bottle - (a bottle for holding water)`
Super-classes	Bottle^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c

WaterBuffalo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterBuffalo`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water buffalo' in WordNet: 1. (1) water buffalo, water ox, Asiatic buffalo, Bubalus bubalis - (an Asian buffalo that is often domesticated for use as a draft animal)`
Super-classes	OldWorldBuffalo^c

WaterCloud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterCloud`
Description	SUMO: Any Cloud that is composed primarily of water vapor. `Cyc: A cloud of particles of liquid or solid water in the atmosphere covering a #$GeographicalRegion.`
Super-classes	CloudlikeObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Cloud^c Fog^c

WaterColorPaint^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterColorPaint

Description

This includes the liquid before application and the dried pigment on the surface of an object.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'water-colour' in WordNet:
           2. watercolor, water-color, watercolour, water-colour -
               (a water-base paint (with water-soluble pigments); used by artists)

Super-classes Paint^c

WaterColorPainting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterColorPainting`
Description	WaterColorPaintings as representational art forms. THis is the object, not the action of creating a water color painting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water color' in WordNet: 1. (9) watercolor, water-color, watercolour, water-colour - (a painting produced with watercolors)`
Super-classes	Painting^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op some WaterColorPaint^c

WaterCompany^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterCompany`
Description	A ''WaterCompany'' is a ''PublicUtility'', whether goverment or privately operated. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterworks' in WordNet: 1. water company, waterworks - (a public utility that provides water)`
Super-classes	PublicUtility^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value SupplyingWater^c manages^op value WaterSupplySystem^c

WaterCurrent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterCurrent`
Description	A FunctionalProcess during which Water flows in a stream-like formation. This can be the current in a Stream, or a current in the Ocean, or in some other body of water `Corresponds to a specialization of noun sense 2 of 'current' in WordNet: 2. (8) current, stream - (a steady flow (usually from natural causes); 'the raft floated downstream on the current'; 'he felt a stream of air')`
Super-classes	FluidCurrent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value FlowingWater^c
Sub-classes	StreamCurrent^c

WaterLily^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterLily

Description

         In CYC 'WaterLilyOrder': (???WN and RHW say 'family')

      RHW: any of various aquatic plants of the genus Nymphaea, 
         species of which have large, disklike, floating leaves and showy flowers, 
         esp. N. odorata, of America, or N. alba, of Europe. Cf. water lily family.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water lily' in WordNet:
        1. water lily - (an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae)

Super-classes DicotSubclass^c
VascularPlant^c

WaterMoccasin^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterMoccasin

Description

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water moccasin' in WordNet:
        1. water moccasin, cottonmouth, cottonmouth moccasin, Agkistrodon piscivorus -
          (venomous semiaquatic snake of swamps in southern United States)

Super-classes PitViper^c
WaterSnake^c

WaterMotion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterMotion`
Description	SUMO: Any Motion where the patient is a quantity of Water. Floods, rainstorms, whirlpools, tides, water in conduits, rivers flowing (for some interval of time)
Super-classes	LiquidMotion^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value WaterObject^c isPerformedBy^op value FlowingWater^c
Sub-classes	SprayingWater^c RainEvent^c Flooding^c FlowingWaterMotion^c

WaterObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterObject`
Description	Any PhysicalObject consisting mostly of Water. NOTE that this is not necessarily a TopAndBottomSidedObject, sinece it can be a water droplet floatinf or spinning. But a BodyOfWater is a 'TopAndBottomSidedObject'. `Each 'WaterObject' is a quantity of Water, anywhere and of any size This corresponds to the CYC 'Water', but CYC substances are treated differently form substancesin COSMO.`
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c LiquidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water^c isLocatedAt^op some GenericLocation^c
Sub-classes	SwimmableWaterObject^c MovingWater^c JetOfWater^c BodyOfWater^c Puddle^c SeaBillow^c WaterSurface^c

WaterPistol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterPistol`
Description	CYC: The collection of toy pistols which squirt water, usually made of plastic. Also called a 'squirt gun'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water pistol' in WordNet: 1. water pistol, water gun, squirt gun, squirter - (plaything consisting of a toy pistol that squirts water)`
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c ArtifactObject^c Device-UserPowered^c ManufacturedGoods^c Toy^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value Squirting^c propels^op value Water^c resembles^op value Handgun^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Handgun^c

WaterPolo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterPolo`
Description	This is the GameEvent, not the Specification. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water polo' in WordNet: 1. water polo - (a game played in a swimming pool by two teams of swimmers who try to throw an inflated ball into the opponents' goal)`
Super-classes	WaterSportActivity^c AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value InflatedBall^c occursAt^op value SwimmingPool^c isAnExecutionOf^op value TeamSport^c

WaterPrecipitationProcess^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterPrecipitationProcess`
Description	COSMO note: this type refers to some form of water (rain, hail, snow) condensing in and falling from the sky - a subtype of ''ImmediateWeatherProcess''. For similar processes involving other kinds of liquid or solid precipitating (e.g. from the sky on another planet), a parent type was created; see 'PrecipitationProcess' above. CYC: A specialization of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess, #$FallingEvent, and #$EmittingStuff. Each instance of #$PrecipitationProcess is a meteorological process in which atmospheric clouds precipitate rain, snow, or some other form of precipitation. NOTE: the gloss phrase about Vesuvius is not 'precipitation from clouds' - why is that here? It should be in a different type. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'precipitate' in WordNet: 3. precipitate, come down, fall - (fall from clouds; 'rain, snow and sleet were falling'; 'Vesuvius precipitated its fiery, destructive rage on Herculaneum') WN noun 'precipitation': 3. precipitation, downfall - (the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist))
Super-classes	PrecipitationProcess^c
Restrictions	produced^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	SnowEvent^c HailEvent^c RainEvent^c SleetEvent^c

WaterRegion^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterRegion`
Description	A GeographicalRegion coinciding with the boundaries of some BodyOfWater.
Super-classes	GeographicalRegion^c

WaterReservoir^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterReservoir`
Description	A ''WaterReservoir'' is a ''Reservoir'' in the form of a ''Lake'' (which is at least in part artificial, with some barrier to hold back the water), with sufficient stored water to supply a large number of people or large industries, or a substantial area of agricultural land. `CYC 'Reservoir': body of water impounded by humans, e.g., Lake Mead Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reservoir' in WordNet: 2. (1) reservoir, artificial lake - (lake used to store water for community use)`
Super-classes	Reservoir^c Lake^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Water^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water-Fresh^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ManMade^c

WaterSki^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSki`
Description	CYC: The collection of all water skis. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water ski' in WordNet: 1. water ski - (broad ski for skimming over water towed by a speedboat)`
Super-classes	SupportingObject^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c DurableGood^c SportsEquipment^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Foot^c isUsedInAction^op value WaterSkiing^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Ski^c

WaterSkiing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSkiing`
Description	CYC: The collection of all water-skiing events. This Action is the riding on a ''WaterSki'' over the surface of some BodyOfWater, pulled by a motorboat. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water ski' in WordNet: 1. (1) water ski - (ride water skis)`
Super-classes	WaterSportActivity^c AthleticActivity^c
Restrictions	usesDeviceType^op value WaterSki^c

WaterSnake^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSnake`
Description	Snakes which live near water, are often in the water, and which feed on aquatic animals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water snake' in WordNet: 1. water snake - (any of various mostly harmless snakes that live in or near water)`
Super-classes	Snake^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value AquaticOrganism^c hasTypicalHabitat^op value BodyOfWater^c
Sub-classes	WaterMoccasin^c

WaterSoluble^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSoluble`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'water-soluble' in Wordnet: 1. water-soluble - (soluble in water)`
Super-classes	Soluble^c

WaterSolubleStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSolubleStuff`
Description	CYC: A collection of tangibles. Each element of #$WaterSolubleStuff is a tangible thing that can dissolve in water. For example, instances of the collections #$Soap-Personal, #$LaundryDetergent, #$Sugar-Table.
Super-classes	PhysicalSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value WaterSoluble^c
Sub-classes	Surfactant^c HairConditioner^c Sugar-Generic^c SodiumChloride^c

WaterSportActivity^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSportActivity`
Description	CYC: The collection of sports activities that are performed in/on water. Note that this is played in or on a ''WaterObject'', so it can include sports played in a ''SwimmingPool'' as well as on an Ocean or Lake or River. `NOTE: this is for the Action of performing some 'water sport', not the specification for how to perform it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water sport' in WordNet: 1. (1) water sport, aquatics - (sports that involve bodies of water)`
Super-classes	RecreationalActivity^c SportsEvent^c
Restrictions	occursAt^op value WaterObject^c
Sub-classes	WaterPolo^c Wakeboarding^c WaterSkiing^c KiteSurfing^c Surfing^c WindSurfing^c

WaterStorageObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterStorageObject`
Description	A ''WaterStorageObject'' is a ''StorageFacility'' where some agent (not necessarily commercial) stores ''Water-Fresh'', closer to the place where it is used than is a reservoir that may supply the water. This can be as simple as a local pond or well on a farm where the local farmer keeps water for use in irrigation, but it more commonly is used as the subtype ''WaterWorks'' for a larger supply managed by a ''WaterCompany''.
Super-classes	StorageFacility^c Supply^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Water-Fresh^c
Sub-classes	WaterWorks^c

WaterStrider^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterStrider`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water strider' in WordNet: 1. water strider, pond-skater, water skater - (long-legged bug that skims about on the surface of water)`
Super-classes	Insect^c
Restrictions	hasFeature^op value LongInsectLegs^c

WaterSubstanceType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSubstanceType`
Description	''WaterSubstanceType'' is a metatype which is a subclass of ''SubstanceType'' that can serve as type for various forms of ''Water'' such as ''Steam' and ''Water'' (liquid)..
Super-classes	LiquidSubstanceType^c
Members	Water Steam AtmosphericWaterVapor Ice WaterVapor

WaterSupplySystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSupplySystem`
Description	A ''WaterSpplySystem'' is a ''PipingSystem-Generic'' consisting of ''Pipe''s that convey ''Water-Fresh'' from a ''WaterWorks'' to some local place or object that uses the water, or within a structure to distribute Water from the external supply source (PublicUtility or private well) to parts of the local structure. The latter would be the water distribution part of an instance of subtype ''PlumbingSystem-Building''. `?WNtag? 'water' - in what context? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'water system' in WordNet: 2. water system, water supply, water - (a facility that provides a source of water; 'the town debated the purification of the water supply'; 'first you have to cut off the water')`
Super-classes	PipingSystem-Generic^c InfrastructureProduct^c
Restrictions	isConnectedTo^op value WaterStorageObject^c hasDesignFunction^op value SupplyingWater^c
Sub-classes	PlumbingSystem-Building^c

WaterSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSurface`
Description	Each 'WaterSurface' is the water which is the top part of a WaterObject that is also a 'TopAndBottomSidedObject'. This will be used mostly for BodyOfWater, but also applies to identifiable surfaces of water in containers, such as a fish tank, swimming pool, glass of water, etc. Since the water must be top and bottom sided, it must be in a gravitational field in order to have such a surface.
Super-classes	SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c HorizontalSurface^c WaterObject^c TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject^c
Restrictions	isTheTopPartOf^op value WaterObject^c
Sub-classes	NavigableWaterSurface^c

WaterSurfacePath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterSurfacePath`
Description	CYC: The collection of pre-designated or customary #$Path-Spatials that lie along water surfaces. A moving object following (or blocking) this path is supported by the water, but is neither fully immersed in the water nor completely in the air. This collection includes sea-lanes, channels, pre-designated ship routes, safe-passage mine-free paths, etc. They may or may not be marked with #$Buoys. Certain bodies of water like #$Canals are generally #$WaterSurfacePaths or have #$WaterSurfacePaths on them. For the pure #$Trajectory of the motion of any object on a water surface, use #$WaterSurfaceTrajectory.
Super-classes	Path-Spatial^c Path-Physical^c Path-Simple^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op some BodyOfWater^c
Sub-classes	ShippingCanal^c Strait-Waterway^c ShippingLane^c OceanChannel^c

WaterTap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterTap`
Description	A tap connected to a fresh water supply. This is usually located in a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' but can be outdoors, as at a Park.
Super-classes	Tap^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Water-Fresh^c isConnectedTo^op value WaterStorageObject^c

WaterTransportationVehicle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterTransportationVehicle`
Description	A specialization of #$WaterTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$WaterTransportationVehicle is a device which is both self-powered and controlled in some fashion by a user, and is used for transportation on or below the surface of water. Specializations of #$WaterTransportationVehicle include the collections #$CruiseShip and #$Submarine, but not collections of non-#$SelfPoweredDevices such as #$Sailboat or #$Rowboat.
Super-classes	TransportationDevice-Vehicle^c Boat^c
Sub-classes	ModernNavalShip^c SteamShip^c Submarine^c Vessel^c Motorboat^c

WaterTravel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterTravel`
Description	A 'WaterTravel' is a 'Travel-TripEvent' that takes place on (not in) some body of water, which could be a lake or river or ocean. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water travel' in WordNet: 1. water travel, seafaring - (travel by water)`
Super-classes	Travel-TripEvent^c RidingInaBoat^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value FloatingOnaLiquid^c occursAt^op some NavigableWaterSurface^c usesDeviceType^op value Watercraft^c
Sub-classes	Boating^c SeaVoyage^c Cruise^c

WaterVapor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterVapor`
Description	''WaterVapor'' is a gaseous form of water that is mixed with other gases (not just the atmosphere) in a concentration below the saturation point at that temperature. This is used primarily for gaseous water as a component of the atmosphere, but can be used for gaseous water in other gases. This refers only to the water component of the gas mixture, so its main component substance is ''Water''. `Includes but is not limited to noun sense 1 of 'water vapor' in WordNet: 1. (3) water vapor, water vapour - (water in a vaporous form diffused in the atmosphere but below boiling temperature)`
Super-classes	Gas^c
Restrictions	hasMainComponentSubstance^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	AtmosphericWaterVapor^c

WaterWave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterWave`
Description	Part of the surface of a BodyOfWater that protrudes above the remainder of the surface. This Object moves, and therefore the actual matter that constitutes any given wave ridge changes, just as any part of a River changes. Corresponds to Cyc 'Wave-Liquid' CYC: the bumps that form on the top surface of liquids of sufficient volume in response to wind impact or vibration. One doesn't see waves on raindrops mists or very thin films of water on your windshield, does one?. One does see waves on anything from oceans to gas in a gas tank to cups of water. Because of its motion, a WaterWave is considered as a 'DynamicObject' - motion is part of its identity. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'wave' in WordNet: 1. (40) wave, moving ridge - (one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water))
Super-classes	Wave-Liquid^c DynamicObject^c MovingWater^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some BodyOfWater^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Water^c performsAction^op value MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c movesRelativeTo^op value WaterSurface^c isLocatedAt^op some WaterSurface^c
Sub-classes	Surf^c SeaSwell^c WakeOfaBoat^c

WaterWaves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterWaves`
Description	''WaterWaves'' is a Group of multiple ''WaterWave''s, conspicuous most often in the Ocean but also in large Lakes..
Super-classes	Pair^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op min 3

WaterWell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterWell`
Description	a well for extracting groundwater. `NOTE that a WaterWell is a source of fresh water ('Water-Fresh') but is not necessarily a source of PotableWater, since well water may be contaminated and therefore not potable.`
Super-classes	Well^c
Restrictions	isaSourceOf^op value Water-Fresh^c

WaterWorks^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaterWorks`
Description	A ''StorageFacility'' where a ''WaterCompany'' stores water, closer to the place where it is used than is a reservoir that supplies the water (if they differ). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterworks' in WordNet: 2. waterworks - (workplace where water is stored and purified and distributed for a community)`
Super-classes	PlaceOfBusiness^c WaterStorageObject^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op value WaterCompany^c

Watercraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watercraft`
Description	In OpenCyc called 'WaterTransportationDevice'. A Watercraft is any artifact designed to move on or under the water, or in the case of a ''Hovercraft'', just above the surface of the water, including things like water skis and surfboards. This is the broadest category of things used in any way to transport objects or people on, under, or just above the water in any manner. This is an ''AgentiveArtifact'' because it can said to 'do' things in agentive sentence or proposition structures.. Cyc: A specialization of #$TransportationDevice, each instance of which is a device used for transportation on or through water. (It is thus not to be confused with a collection of devices used for transporting water.) Specializations of #$WaterTransportationDevice include #$Ship and #$Sailboard. A particularly important specialization is #$Watercraft : the collection of water transportation devices that protect their passengers from getting wet. See also the second-order collection #$WaterVehicleTypeByDesign. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watercraft' and part of noun sense 2 of 'craft' (for water, not air craft) in Wordnet: 2. vessel, watercraft - (a craft designed for water transportation) WN noun 'craft': 2. (1) craft - (a vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space)
Super-classes	AgentiveArtifact^c TransportationDevice^c HexalateralObject^c
Restrictions	hasDesignFunction^op value MovingOnOrUnderWater^c
Sub-classes	Watercraft-Subsurface^c Watercraft-Surface^c Hovercraft^c Barge^c Galley^c Raft^c MilitaryWatercraft^c Boat^c

Watercraft-Small^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watercraft-Small`
Description	A small (human scale) surface ''Boat''. `CYC: #$Watercraft-Small is a specialization of #$Watercraft-Surface. Each instance of #$Watercraft-Small is a watercraft so small that the usual posture of a person in the boat is sitting, since standing in a small watercraft may capsize it or one may fall out of the boat. A few examples are #$Raft, #$Canoe, and #$Lifeboat. This collection is disjoint with #$Watercraft-Subsurface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'small boat' in WordNet: 1. small boat - (a boat that is small)`
Super-classes	Watercraft-Surface^c Boat^c HumanScaleObject^c
Sub-classes	FlatBottomedBoat^c Rowboat^c RacingBoat^c Canoe^c Punt^c

Watercraft-Subsurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watercraft-Subsurface`
Description	A specialization of #$Watercraft. Each instance of #$Watercraft-Subsurface is a vehicle designed to travel underwater. Note that since some instances of #$Watercraft-Subsurface are also designed to travel across the surfaces of bodies of water, the collections #$Watercraft-Subsurface and #$Watercraft-Surface (q.v.) are not disjoint.
Super-classes	Vessel^c Watercraft^c
Sub-classes	Submarine^c

Watercraft-Surface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watercraft-Surface`
Description	A specialization of #$Watercraft. Each instance of #$Watercraft-Surface is a watercraft designed to travel across the suface of a body of water. Note that instances of #$Watercraft-Surface need not be designed to travel exclusively across the surface of a body of water, since some instances may also be designed to travel under the surface of a body of water (for example, instances of #$Submarine are designed to travel in both these ways). Notable specializations of #$Watercraft-Surface include #$Canoe, #$Ferry, #$Motorboat, and #$OceanLiner.
Super-classes	Watercraft^c
Sub-classes	HouseBoat^c Watercraft-Small^c Ark^c Motorboat^c Ship^c Sailboat^c SeaworthyBoat^c

Waterfall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waterfall`
Description	part of a stream where the water falls off over an edge. Some vertical drop is required, otherwise it is a cataract. `RHW 'fall' (noun): 5. Usually, falls. a cataract or waterfall. sNOTE: this ynonym not added until neeeded - potential for misunderstanding Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterfall' in WordNet: 1. (3) waterfall, falls - (a steep descent of the water of a river)`
Super-classes	BodyOfWater^c StreamSection^c FlowPath^c EnergySource^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value RapidlyFlowingWater^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Cliff^c

Waterfowl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waterfowl`
Description	CYC: The collection of all waterfowl, i.e. #$Birds of the #$BiologicalOrder Anseriformes. `Fresh water in WordNet?? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'waterfowl' in WordNet: 1. waterfowl, water bird, waterbird - (freshwater aquatic bird)`
Super-classes	AquaticBird^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value AbilityToSwim^c
Sub-classes	Swan^c Goose^c AnseriformBird^c Penguin^c

Waterfront^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waterfront`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterfront' in WordNet: 1. (1) waterfront - (the area of a city (such as a harbor or dockyard) alongside a body of water)`
Super-classes	CityArea^c
Restrictions	isAdjacentTo^op value BodyOfWater^c

WateringCan^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WateringCan`
Description	A portable container with a handle that can be metal, plastic, or ceramic, used for watering plants, usually house plants in pots. For larger-scale watering a ''GardenHose'' is typically used. This does not necessarily have a perforated nozzle - it may have a long spout. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watering can' in WordNet: 1. watering can, watering pot - (a container with a handle and a spout with a perforated nozzle; used to sprinkle water over plants)`
Super-classes	LiquidContainer^c CavityWithWalls^c ConcaveObject^c PortableObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToContain^op value Water^c hasDesignFunction^op value WateringPlants^c isUsedInAction^op value WateringPlants^c hasPhysicalPart^op value Spout^c hasPhysicalPart^op some LoopedHandle^c

WateringPlants^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WateringPlants`
Description	''WateringPlants'' is intentionally Directing ''Water'' by pourng or by spraying, to direct it at some Plant or the ground around it to supply the Plant(s) with water. `Corresponds to part of verb sense (which seems to be for large farms) 1 of 'water' in WordNet: 1. (3) water, irrigate - (supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams; 'Water the fields') WN noun 'watering;: 2. watering - (wetting with water; 'the lawn needs a great deal of watering')`
Super-classes	Wetting^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	mayUseInstrument^op value GardenHose^c hadThingAffected^op some PlantType^c mayUseInstrument^op value Sprinkler^c mayUseInstrument^op value WateringCan^c
Sub-classes	Irrigating^c

Watermelon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watermelon`
Description	An Individual melon, the fruit of a watermelon plant. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'watermelon' in WordNet: 2. watermelon - (large oblong or roundish melon with a hard green rind and sweet watery red or occasionally yellowish pulp)`
Super-classes	Melon^c
Restrictions	isTheFruitOfa^op value WatermelonPlant^c hasPhysicalPart^op value FruitRind^c

WatermelonPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WatermelonPlant

Description

Individual watermelon plants.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watermelon' in WordNet:
        1. watermelon, watermelon vine, Citrullus vulgaris - (an African melon)

Super-classes MelonPlant^c

Waterproof^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waterproof

Description

'Waterproof' can apply to almost any kind of Object or substance (e.g. sheet-like solid substances).

    NOTE that the adjective ''Waterproof'' is usually used for objects that 
      do not allow water to get *in*; whereas ''Leakproof'' is for containers that
      do not allow water to get *out*.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'waterproof' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) rainproof, waterproof, waterproofed - (not permitting the passage of water)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Waterproofing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waterproofing`
Description	NOTE that ''Waterproofing'' is a sealing that makes an object resistant to allowing water to get in. For a 'sealing' that prevents water from getting out, 'Leakproofing' would be more appropriate. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'waterproof' in WordNet: 1. waterproof - (make watertight; 'Waterproof the coat')`
Super-classes	SealingSomething^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Waterproof^c

Watershed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watershed`
Description	This is the intangible line that runs along some high ground where rain goes to one or the other of two ''AdjacentDrainageBasins''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watershed' in WordNet: 1. (1) watershed, water parting, divide - (a ridge of land that separates two adjacent river systems)`
Super-classes	BoundaryLine^c GeographicalLine-Intangible^c
Restrictions	isBetween^op some AdjacentDrainageBasins^c

Watertight^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watertight`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watertight' in WordNet: 1. watertight - (not allowing water to pass in or out)`
Super-classes	Impermeable^c

Waterway^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waterway`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'waterway' in WordNet: 2. watercourse, waterway - (a conduit through which water flows)`
Super-classes	PathArtifact^c BodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value ShippingByWater^c
Sub-classes	ShippingCanal^c

Watery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Watery`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'watery' in Wordnet: 1. (1) watery - (filled with water; 'watery soil')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Wave^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wave`
Description	This is for a ''Wave'' as an Object - the matter that curves up and down in a shape that can be called a 'wave' - as in water, hair, or, at ball games when people 'do the wave', the people in a line whose bodies and arms form a sort of wave formation. For electromagenetic or sound waves, this would be the electric fields or variably compressed fluid that exist within some volume of space where the wavr is being propagated. This is what is 'emitted' in a 'WavePropagationEvent'. `@@ToDo: NOTE: this might be better represented as a thing 'created' by a wave emitting event, rather than 'emitted'. Rethink!! COSMO note: waves are constantly moving, but this type only represents a wave at one point in time. Corresponds most closely but only approximately to to noun sense 7 of 'wave' in WordNet: 7. wave, undulation - (an undulating curve)`
Super-classes	ConvexTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	Wave-Liquid^c Billow^c

Wave-Liquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wave-Liquid`
Description	the bumps that form on the top surface of liquids of sufficient volume in response to wind impact or vibration. One doesn't see waves on raindrops mists or very thin films of water on your windshield, does one?. One does see waves on anything from oceans to gas in a gas tank to cups of water. `COSMO note: waves are constantly moving, but this type only represents a wave *at one point in time.* For waves in water,use 'WaterWave'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wave' in WordNet: 1. (40) wave, moving ridge - (one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water))`
Super-classes	Surface-Physical^c Wave^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value LiquidSubstance^c
Sub-classes	Ripple^c WaterWave^c

WaveIntensityMeasure^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaveIntensityMeasure`
Description	WaveIntensityMeasure the intensity of some wave phenomenon The measures will only be expressible in units when the specific type of wave is known.
Super-classes	MeasurableQuantity^c
Sub-classes	LightIntensityMeasure^c SoundIntensityMeasure^c

WavePropagationEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WavePropagationEvent`
Description	The Event in which some wavelike oscillating disturbance of a medium, after emission from a source (this does not include any ''Emission'' Event that creates the wave), is propagated through the medium; although the medium itself (as with water) may not be translocated, the wavelike pattern moves in a translational manner. The emission and the propagation of a wave can be viewed as separate aspects of a wave phenomenon, and in COSMO 'EmittingaWave' is represented separately from the WavePropagationEvent represented by this type. Although emission and propagation may occur simultaneously, as with light, the two aspects of wave phenomena are represented separately. COSMO Note: OpenCyc calls this just 'WavePropagation', and treats a Wave Propagation as an Event, in which case it has beginning and end time points. This is just the propagation: the emission event that creates the wave is not included in this category. Cyc: A specialization of #$Translocation (q.v.). Each instance of #$WavePropagation is an event in which a wavelike disturbance propagates through space, with or without a medium. A wave propagation is like a translational movement (see #$Movement-TranslationEvent) in that it can have both a starting and an ending point (see #$fromLocation and #$toLocation), but differs from a translational motion in that there is no object moving (see #$objectMoving). Notable specializations of #$WavePropagation include #$ElectromagneticRadiation and #$Sound. In SUMO,approximately equivalent to 'Radiating' SUMO: Processes in which some form of electromagnetic radiation, e.g. radio waves, light waves, electrical energy, etc., is given off or absorbed by something else. NOTE that the SUMO documentation only speaks of EM radiation, but the SUMO subtype 'RadiatingSound' makes it clear that all types of radiation should be considered as within this category. Includes verb senses 1, 5, and 7 of 'radiate' in Wordnet: 1. (2) radiate - (send out rays or waves; 'The sun radiates heat') 5. radiate - (cause to be seen by emitting light as if in rays; 'The sun is radiating') 7. radiate - (issue or emerge in rays or waves; 'Heat radiated from the metal box')
Super-classes	Translocation^c
Sub-classes	ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c InformationBearingWavePropagation^c Sound^c
In domain of	hasWaveIntensity^op

WaveType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaveType`
Description	''WaveType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for The Object having an undulating shape that is created by an ''EmittingaWave'' Event.
Super-classes	AgentType^c PhysicalObjectType^c
Members	WaterWave Ripple FlowingWater Whirlpool OceanWave Tsunami WakeOfaBoat RapidlyFlowingWater Surf SeaSwell

Wavelength^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wavelength`
Description	A ''Wavelength'' is a subtype of ''LengthMeasure'' for ''WavePropagationEvent''s that measures the distance between the 'peaks' of the wave. for certain waves,such as ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent''s the 'peaks may not themselves be readily observeded, and the conversely correlated ''Frequency'' (some dimensionless number times a ''FrequencyUnit'') may be more easily measured. `NOTE: for an ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' in a vacuum, the ''Wavelength'' will be the ''SpeedOfLight'' divided by the ''Frequency'' (when the time units are the same in both measures). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wavelength' in WordNet: 1. (25) wavelength - (the distance (measured in the direction of propagation) between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave)`
Super-classes	LengthMeasure^c
Restrictions	hasUnit^op some MetricUnitOfLength^c

Wavy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wavy

Description

''Wavy'' is the property of an Object or Substance that has a shape resembling the alternating up and down progression across the waves of the ocean - must be long, and usually aso thin. Used commonly to describe ''HumanHair'' in a particular shape or style,

          Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wavy' in WordNet:
            1. (2) wavy - (of hair in waves; 'she had long wavy hair')

Super-classes Curved^c
Round^c

WavyHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WavyHair`
Description	''WavyHair'' is the substance ''Hair'' on the Head of a Human that has an unduating shape, which is usually its natural shape but may be created by a process that can create waves (without curling?). `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'wave' in WordNet: 6. (1) wave - (a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair)`
Super-classes	SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c HairDo^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wavy^c

Wax^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wax`
Description	'Wax' is any waxy organic material. Types that can be used as a fuel in candles such as paraffin wax or beeswax would be subtypes, but have not yet (rev955) been separately represented. See 'Candle' for one use. `SUMO: Any Substance of high molecular weight that resembles beeswax. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wax' in Wordnet: 1. (7) wax - (any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water)`
Super-classes	SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Insoluble^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Waxy^c
Sub-classes	Beeswax^c

Waxed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waxed`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'waxed' in WordNet: 1. (1) waxed - (treated with wax; 'waxed floors'; 'waxed mustache')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c

WaxedPaper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaxedPaper`
Description	WaxedPaper is the Substance consisting of an inner core of paper, covered on both sides by a waxy coating, in the form of a thin sheet. `Cyc: Paper that has been coated or permeated with wax, so that it is resistant to water and oil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wax paper' in WordNet: 1. wax paper - (paper that has been waterproofed by treatment with wax of paraffin)`
Super-classes	SheetlikeSubstance^c WrapperStuff^c ArtificialSubstance^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Waxed^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Paper^c hasComponentSubstance^op value Wax^c

Waxing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waxing

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'waxing' in Wordnet:
         1. waxing - ((of the moon) pertaining to the period during which
            the visible surface of the moon increases; 'the waxing moon passes from new to full')

Super-classes Increasing^c

WaxingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaxingEvent`
Description	A ''WaxingEvent'' is a gradual ''IncreaseEvent'', in size, intensity, importance, or other quality of an Object or Event. `Corresponds to noun sense of 'waxing' in WordNet: 2. waxing - (a gradual increase in magnitude or extent; 'the waxing of the moon')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c Action^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gradual^c

Waxy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Waxy

Description

Having a surface that is somewhat slippery (but not enough to qualify as ''Slippery'', and somewhat reflectant, though not shiny. Having the surface character of a ''Wax''.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'waxy' in WordNet:
        2. waxlike, wax-coated, waxy, ceraceous - (resembling or covered with wax;
          'as shiny as a waxy pippin'; 'the ceraceous surface of the leaves')

Super-classes CompositionAttributeValue^c
SurfaceAttributeValue^c

Weak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weak`
Description	The most general sense of 'weak' meaning that the entity that is Weak has less than average capability to cause some effect that can be caused by entities of that type. This includes muscular strength of animals, power of artifacts to perform tasks, and intensity of things like radiation that may exert effects. The more specific senses depend linguistically on the entity that is modified' 'Weak' is classified as a subtype of 'Limitation', i.e. a negative capability, defined more by what cannot be done than what can be done. For 'weak' meaning 'faint' as intensity of light or other perceptible phenomena, use 'WeakIntensity'. This type does not include 'Weak' to represent concentrations of some solution (i.e. 'dilute'), or odors, or the effectiveness of medicines or other chemicals. That will be represented by a different attribute (not done as of rev885). Includes but is not limited to senses 1, 6, 9, and 12 of 'weak' in WordNet: 1. (15) weak - (having little physical or spiritual strength; 'a weak link') 6. weak - (deficient or lacking in some skill; 'he's weak in spelling') 9. weak - (not having authority, political strength, or governing power; 'a weak president') 12. weak - (deficient in intelligence or mental power; 'a weak mind')
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c IntensiveAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Resistible^c Feeble^c Tenuous^c Wan^c Weakest^c

WeakForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeakForce`
Description	The ''WeakForce'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' that interacts very weakly with matter, and is produced by events in atomic nuclei. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weak force' in WordNet: 1. weak interaction, weak force - ((physics) an interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos that is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay; mediated by intermediate vector bosons)`
Super-classes	AttractiveForce^c
Restrictions	isDueToThePresenceOf^op value Neutrino^c

Weakening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weakening`
Description	''Weakening'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which some object(s) become ''Weaker''. `Corresponds to transitive verb sense 1 of 'weaken' in WordNet: 1. (6) weaken - (lessen the strength of; 'The fever weakened his body')`
Super-classes	DecreaseEvent^c CausingAnAttributeChange^c
Restrictions	causesDecreaseIn^op value Strength^c causes^op value BecomingWeaker^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Weaker^c
Sub-classes	Subsiding^c Neutralizing^c Debilitation^c LosingBodilyVitality^c WeakeningOfBones^c

WeakeningOfBones^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeakeningOfBones`
Description	''WeakeningOfBones'' is a Physioogical process in which the bones of an Organism become weaker, usually as a result of ''Osteoporosis''.
Super-classes	Weakening^c
Restrictions	subjectBecomes^op value Porous^c hadMainParticipant^op value Bone^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Porous^c mayBeCausedBy^op value Osteoporosis^c

Weaker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weaker`
Description	''Weaker'' is the comparative form of ''Weak''. As an attribute value, this means that the Object with this attribute has less strength (of a certain type) than either (1) another object, or (2) the same object at a different time, prior to a ''Weakening'' Event.. `No comparative sense is explicitly represented in WordNet.`
Super-classes	IntensiveAttributeValue^c Limitation^c
Sub-classes	Neutralized^c Debilitated^c

Weakest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weakest`
Description	`No WN sense of 'weakest'.`
Super-classes	Weak^c

Weakness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weakness`
Description	The most general sense of 'weakness', being the state of being 'Weak' or 'WeakIntensity' in any of its senses, applicable to physical entities as well as animate things. See 'Weak' for more detail. `Includes but is not limited to senses 3 and 4 of 'weakness' in WordNet: 3. (2) weakness - (the property of lacking physical or mental strength; liability to failure under pressure or stress or strain; 'his weakness increased as he became older'; 'the weakness of the span was overlooked until it collapsed') 4. weakness - (the condition of being financially weak; 'the weakness of the dollar against the yen')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Weak^c agentHasAttribute^op value Weak^c

Wealth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wealth`
Description	A specialization of #$SomethingExisting. Each instance of #$LiquidAsset is either an instance of #$Currency or some asset that is readily convertible to currency by selling or borrowing against it. Examples of #$LiquidAssets include stocks, bonds, and money market accounts. `NOTE: the difference between this and parent type ''Riches'' is that ''Wealth'' is owned by an individal ''Person''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wealth' in WordNet: 3. (1) wealth, riches - (an abundance of material possessions and resources)`
Super-classes	Riches^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c isOwnedBy^op value Person^c

Wealthiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wealthiness`
Description	'''Wealthiness'' is a ''HavingWealth'' in which a Person has great wealth, in the top one percent of accumulated wealth (in a developed country). The Agent of this situation is considered ''Fortunate' even if s/he achieved wealth as a result of great skill and hard work, as wealth for anyone requires a lot of work by a lot of people, not only the agent that acquires it, and is not the inevitable result of personal effort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wealthiness' in WordNet: 1. wealth, wealthiness - (the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money; 'great wealth is not a sign of great intelligence')
Super-classes	Prosperity^c HavingWealth^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Outstanding^c agentHasAttribute^op value Wealthy^c agentHasAttribute^op value Fortunate^c

Wealthy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wealthy

Description

The attribute of a Person (group, organization) who is wealthy, i.e. who owns a Fortune (''Wealth''), after accounting for offsetting liabilities. Synonyms are 'rich' and 'affluent'. A Person with this attribute has more money than one who is just ''Well-off''.

       'wealthy' is a synonym for 'rich' in one sense, in Random House Webster
         and in Longman's:
       RHW 'rich'
       1. having wealth or great possessions; abundantly supplied with resources,
          means, or funds; wealthy: a rich man; a rich nation.
       Longman 'wealthy':
       1.  having a lot of money, possessions etc [= rich]
       Longman also provides a usage distinction:
           Wealthy is a slightly more formal word meaning rich, especially over a long period of time:
                'He came from a wealthy family.'

        But in WordNet there is no direct connection between the two adjectives, though
          the definitions are similar.  In general use, it seems that 'wealthy' is
          often interpreted as being more than merely 'rich', as in the WordNet quote:
          'not merely rich but loaded'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wealthy' and
        sense 1 of 'affluent' and sense 1 of 'rich' in WordNet
         1. (3) affluent, flush, loaded, moneyed, wealthy - (having an abundant supply of 
             money or possessions of value; 'an affluent banker'; 'a speculator flush with cash';
             'not merely rich but loaded'; 'moneyed aristocrats'; 'wealthy corporations')
         1. (17) rich - (possessing material wealth; 'her father is extremely rich';
             'many fond hopes are pinned on rich uncles')

Super-classes Well-off^c

WealthyPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WealthyPerson`
Description	A ''WealthyPerson'' is a Person who is ''Wealthy''. This is a Role and is true only in some time period. The amount of assets needed to qualify varies and is fuzzy. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rich man' and noun sense 1 of 'wealthy person' in WordNet: 1. rich person, wealthy person, have - (a person who possesses great material wealth) WN noun 'rich man': 1. (2) man of means, rich man, wealthy man - (a man who is wealthy)`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Wealthiness^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wealthy^c
Sub-classes	Millionaire^c Philanthropist^c

Weaned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weaned

Description

''Weaned'' is the attribute of an animal that has completed the ''weaning'' process and is independent of its mother's milk (''MothersMilk'').

       This represents the literal meaning.  The word 'wean'and weaned' is also used 
       figuratively to describe becoming independent of or losing a habituation to something.

           Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weaned' in WordNet:
             1. weaned - (freed of dependence on something especially (for mammals) mother's milk;
             'the just-weaned calf bawled for its mother')

Super-classes NotDependent^c
PastParticiple^c

Weaning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weaning`
Description	''Weaning'' is a ''Withholding'' of ''MothersMilk'' and subsituting other foods so that a young mammal will become independent of the mother for food. . `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wean' in WordNet: 1. (1) wean, ablactate - (gradually deprive (infants and young mammals) of mother's milk; 'she weaned her baby when he was 3 months old and started him on powdered milk'; 'The kitten was weaned and fed by its owner with a bottle')`
Super-classes	Depriving^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Weaned^c hasThingKept^op value MothersMilk^c

Weapon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weapon`
Description	A subcollection of #$Artifact, instances of which are primarily designed as instruments for disabling, physically harming, or destroying animals (often humans), buildings, or other #$ConstructionArtifacts. Subcollections of #$Weapon include #$LethalWeapon, #$NonlethalWeapon, #$Gun-Portable, #$Bomb, and #$Napalm. Also included are various types of military hardware used to kill, destroy, or immobilize. Note that in the case of weapons which are 'fired' or otherwise distributed, both the launcher and the unit of ammunition are considered #$Weapons in this sense. E.g. a bow, an arrow, a missile launcher, an ICBM, a weapons-grade sprayer, a cloud of mustard gas, a gun, and a bullet are all #$Weapons. Non-artifacts and artifacts designed for some other purpose (as a found rock or brick) may be used as weapons, but are not instances of the collection, #$Weapon. `note: this is not necessarily a ''PhysicalObject'' (e.g. poison gas or software). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weapon' in WordNet: 1. (29) weapon, arm, weapon system - (any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting; 'he was licensed to carry a weapon')`
Super-classes	Resource^c Artifact-Generic^c DangerousTangibleThing^c
Restrictions	hasCapability^op value AbilityToCauseDamage^c
Sub-classes	Bomb^c Flamethrower^c MilitaryWeapon^c ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher^c Submarine-Military^c Frigate^c HuntingKnife^c PrimitiveWeapon^c Mine-Weapon^c Gun^c Whip^c LethalWeapon^c Destroyer^c Cruiser^c IndirectFireWeapon^c

WeaponOfMassDestruction^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeaponOfMassDestruction`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Weapons which have massive destructive power. Deployment of these #$Weapons impacts a much larger area than conventional weapons and results in much more structural damage and/or loss of life. Damage caused by instances of #$WeaponOfMassDestruction is not specific; friendly troops, civilians, and plant and animal life are as likely to be harmed as the intended target. #$Mine-Weapons are a borderline example in this collection. `SUMO: Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. What these weapons have in common is that they are designed to kill large numbers of people indiscriminately. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weapon of mass destruction' in WordNet: 1. weapon of mass destruction, WMD, W.M.D. - (a weapon that kills or injures civilian as well as military personnel (nuclear and chemical and biological weapons))`
Super-classes	LethalWeapon^c MilitaryWeapon^c
Sub-classes	RadiologicalWeapon^c NuclearWeapon^c BiochemicalWeapon^c

WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack`
Description	Any MilitaryAttack in which a weapon of mass destruction is used such as NuclearAttack, BiologicalAttack, or ChemicalAttack. `COSMO note: the qualification of this as 'military' in Cyc would seem to eliminate the notion of small groups or individuals getting hold of a WMD like poison gas. Does the tokyo subway gas attack qualify as 'military'??`
Super-classes	MilitaryAttack^c UsingAnObject^c AttackOnObject^c
Sub-classes	FirstStrike^c ChemicalAttack^c

WeaponSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeaponSystem`
Description	CYC: A specialization of both #$MilitaryHardware and #$SystemOfDevices. Each instance of #$WeaponSystem is a piece of military hardware which has a weapon as an important part, but which also has other significant parts -- such as communication devices, sensors, or devices (e.g., an internal combustion engine and wheels) for moving the weapon system. Notable specializations of #$WeaponSystem include #$Tank-Vehicle and #$CombatAircraft.
Super-classes	System^c MilitaryWeapon^c DurableGood^c
Sub-classes	Tank^c Artillery-SelfPropelled^c Warplane^c Artillery-Towed^c

Weaponry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weaponry`
Description	A collective term for weapons (including ammunition), not specific as to type. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arms' in WordNet: 1. (11) weaponry, arms, implements of war, weapons system, munition - (weapons considered collectively) WN noun 'armament': 1. (1) armament - (weaponry used by military or naval force)`
Super-classes	PluralThing^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Weapon^c
Sub-classes	Firepower^c Ammunition^c

WeaponsPlatform^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeaponsPlatform`
Description	A WeaponsPlatform is a Platform whose primary purpose is to provide a support where weapons may be used. It is therefore a military platform, even if used by someone not affiliated with a military organization. Every Warship, tank, and armed aricraft is a WeaponsPlatform. `Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'platform' in Wordnet: 4. platform, weapons platform - (any military structure or vehicle bearing weapons)`
Super-classes	Platform-Military^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Weapon^c
Sub-classes	GunTurret^c

WearableItem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearableItem`
Description	A ''PortableObject'' that can be worn on the body of an Animal, human or non-human, or on the exterior of a mobile Robotic device. `This is The SUMO term for 'SomethingToWear'.`
Super-classes	PortableObject^c Device-SingleUser^c SolidObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Sub-classes	Condom^c Headgear^c Saddle^c SomethingToWear^c Harness^c StableGear^c Yoke^c ContraceptiveDiaphragm^c

Wearily^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wearily`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'wearily' in Wordnet: 1. (4) tiredly, wearily - (in a weary manner; 'he walked around tiredly')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Weariness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weariness`
Description	'Weariness' is an internal Sensation which causes an urge to relax, either physically or mentally. This Feeling has several levels of intensity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weariness',sense 1 of 'tiredness' and sense 1 of 'fatigue' in WordNet; 'fatigue' is usually interpreted as more intense than just 'weariness' but these words are not sufficiently distinct in meaning to differentiate them logically. in WordNet: 1. (2) fatigue, weariness, tiredness - (temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work; 'he was hospitalized for extreme fatigue'; 'growing fatigue was apparent from the decline in the execution of their athletic skills'; 'weariness overcame her after twelve hours and she fell asleep')
Super-classes	BodySensation^c PhysiologicalCondition^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Tired^c
Sub-classes	PsychologicalBurnout^c Exhaustion^c

WearingDownFromUse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearingDownFromUse`
Description	''WearingDownFromUse'' is an Event in which the surface of some ArtifactObject is abraded noticeably while it is being used. `CYC 'WearAndTear': The process of wear and tear that occur as a result of usage Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wear down' in WordNet: 2. wear, wear off, wear out, wear down, wear thin - (deteriorate through use or stress; 'The constant friction wore out the cloth')`
Super-classes	Rubbing^c AbradingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some SurfaceOnTangibleObject^c
Sub-classes	Scuffing^c

WearingFashionableClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearingFashionableClothing`
Description	''WearingFashionableClothing''is the action of ''WearingSomething'' where the 'something' is a ''FashionableClothing'' of any type and any level of popularity. This type assumes that ''WearingFashionableClothing'' is being ''Fashionable'' - which is a vague attribute. This is vague enough to include wearing dated clothing intentionally for some purpose, such as at a reunion or an era celebration. For example, in the 2000's wearing jeans with knees worn out is apparently ''Fashionable'' among many teens.
Super-classes	WearingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fashionable^c hasObjectSupported^op value FashionableClothing^c isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Fashionable^c isPerformedBy^op value Person^c

WearingGloves^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearingGloves`
Description	''WearingGloves''is a ''WearingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''PairOfGloves'', worn on both hands..
Super-classes	WearingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasObjectSupported^op value PairOfGloves^c

WearingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearingSomething`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$Configuration. Each instance of #$WearingSomething is an arrangement of tangible objects, one of which is wearing the other(s). Typically the wearer is a lfiving person or animal, although surrogates are possible (e.g., mannequins, dolls, or corpses). Objects worn are instances of #$SomethingToWear (q.v.). See also #$wearer, #$wearsClothing, #$itemWorn. The thing worn can be specified by the relation ''hasObjectSupported''. NOTE that 'WearingSomething' is a subtype of ''TouchingState'' (a 'ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation'') so every item worn must be 'contacted' in that sense, which could be indirectly through some other item of clothing (as wearing a pin on a lapel).. To wear an item is a ''TouchingState'' which is not the act of bringing things into contact, but the ''PersistentState'' that results from that act of making contact. The kinds of things that can be 'worn' are varied, so the only restriction is that it be some type or instance of PhysicalObject. (medals, clothing, guns, feathered headdresses, whatever can be carried on the body). This type may also be expressed as a relation: 'isWearing'; but the logical relations between the relation and this Action need FOL to express; 'isWearing' has an agent as the subject, but this is an Action. @ToDo. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 and 9 of 'wear' in WordNetl sense 9 could be made distinct ('DonningClothing'), but to have something on also implies that one put something on. @ToDo: in WordNet: 1. (85) wear, have on - (be dressed in; 'She was wearing yellow that day') 2. (22) wear, bear - (have on one's person; 'He wore a red ribbon'; 'bear a scar') WN noun 'wearing': 2. wear, wearing - (the act of having on your person as a covering or adornment; 'she bought it for everyday wear')
Super-classes	SupportingSomething^c TouchingState^c Possession^c
Restrictions	hasObjectSupported^op some (PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)
Sub-classes	WearingGloves^c WearingaUniform^c WearingaCowboyHat^c WearingaCostume^c WearingFashionableClothing^c WearingaMask^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PatWearingaJacket

WearingaCostume^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearingaCostume`
Description	''WearingaCostume''is a ''WearingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''Costume'', complete or partial, worn over any part of the Body; this is to pretend to be some Person or thing other than oneself, for any purpose. `This is general for any costume, and does not have to be part of an ''Acting'' - it can be for any humorous or serious purpose. See also ''Masquerading'' for more serious costume-wearing.`
Super-classes	WearingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasObjectSupported^op value Costume^c

WearingaCowboyHat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearingaCowboyHat`
Description	''WearingaCowboyHat''is a ''WearingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''CowboyHat''.
Super-classes	WearingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasObjectSupported^op value CowboyHat^c

WearingaMask^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearingaMask`
Description	''WearingaMask''is a ''WearingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''Mask'', worn over the Eyes or the whole Face..
Super-classes	WearingSomething^c
Restrictions	hasObjectSupported^op value Mask^c

WearingaUniform^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WearingaUniform`
Description	''WearingaUniform''is the action of ''WearingSomething'' where the 'something' is a ''Uniform'' of any type.
Super-classes	WearingSomething^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Uniformed^c hasObjectSupported^op value Uniform^c

Weasel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weasel`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weasel' in Wordnet: 1. weasel - (small carnivorous mammal with short legs and elongated body and neck)`
Super-classes	Mustelidae^c

WeatherAttributeValue^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeatherAttributeValue`
Description	Each subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' is an AttributeValue that describes the weather process that is occurring in some interval of time, especially a Day.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Rainy^c Hazy^c Foggy^c Cloudless^c Snowy^c Sunny^c Arid^c Windy^c Cloudy^c

WeatherBalloon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeatherBalloon`
Description	A ''WeatherBalloon'' is a ''Balloon'' capable of rising into the upper atmosphere that carries devices (e.g. a ''Radiosonde'') to measure weather conditions and transmit that information back to earth via radio waves. CYC 'MeteorologicalBalloon': The collection of meteorological tools consisting of gas-filled #$Balloons connected to small boxes of #$Sensors called #$Radiosondes. These balloons are released and float to the upper atmosphere, where they record temperature, pressure, wind speed, and humidity. The balloon breaks, and the radiosonde falls back to earth, supported by a parachute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteorological balloon' in WordNet: 1. meteorological balloon - (a small unmanned balloon set aloft to observe atmospheric conditions)
Super-classes	Balloon^c LighterThanAirCraft^c Bladder^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unmanned^c isUsedToMeasure^op some (TemperatureMeasure^c or ImmediateWeatherProcess^c or WeatherType^c) consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Rubber^c isDesignedToTransport^op value Radiosonde^c

WeatherEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeatherEvent`
Description	COSMO note: this is for weather on Earth only. This is a general sense including both general weather conditions and specific local weather events. For specific local weather events, see the subtypes of 'ImmediateWeatherProcess'. Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$WeatherEvent is a meteorological event of some duration, occurring over some spatial region. Some weather events are almost instantaneous (for example, instances of the collection #$LightningEvent), while others are quite lengthy (for example, instances of the collection #$AnnualClimateCycle). Spatially, weather events may cover a small locality or a large portion of a continent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weather' in WordNet: 1. (20) weather, weather condition, atmospheric condition - (the meteorological conditions: temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation; 'they were hoping for good weather'; 'every day we have weather conditions and yesterday was no exception')
Super-classes	Event^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Climate^c occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EarthsAtmosphere^c
Sub-classes	AnnualClimateCycle^c Drought^c FutureWeatherEvent^c GlobalWarmingEvent^c ImmediateWeatherProcess^c

WeatherForecast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeatherForecast`
Description	A 'WeatherForecast' is a 'Prediction' about some expected future 'WeatherEvent', which usually includes current and recent past weather conditions as part of (and justification for) the prediction. `NOTE that a 'Prediction' may be uncertain and have a probability value attached to it, and that can be asserted by the use of the 'hasProbability' relation. NOTE that the Cyc class 'WeatherForecast-Basic-TemplateType' does not seem to have the same semantics as this class, and is not equated here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weather forecast' in WordNet: 1. weather forecast, weather outlook - (a forecast of the weather)`
Super-classes	Prognosis^c
Restrictions	refersToFutureSituation^op some FutureWeatherEvent^c hasTopic^op some FutureWeatherEvent^c

WeatherSatellite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeatherSatellite`
Description	CYC: The collection of all artificial satellites (#$Satellite-Device) which are designed for collecting data on the weather of the #$AstronomicalBody which they orbit (#$orbits) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weather satellite' in WordNet: 1. weather satellite, meteorological satellite - (a satellite that transmits frequent picture of the earth below)`
Super-classes	ArtificialSatellite^c
Restrictions	orbits^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Earth^c

WeatherType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeatherType`
Description	''GoalType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''ImmediateWeatherProcess'' as their argument.
Super-classes	InheritableType^c
Members	ImmediateWeatherProcess Cloudiness Thunder Pollution AirPollution TemperatureSituation Windiness TornadoAsEvent WaterPrecipitationProcess LightningEvent StormAsEvent CloudlessSky WeatherEvent Wind PrecipitationProcess

Weathered^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weathered

Description

''Weathered'' is a property of the surface of PhysicalObjects that have been exposed to 'weather' (especially sun and rain) and have changed in some negative way, though still functional.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weathered' in WordNet:
          1. weather-beaten, weatherworn, weathered - (worn by exposure to the weather; 
             'a house of weathered shingles')

Super-classes Worn^c

Weathering^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weathering

Description

CYC: A collection of events. In a #$Weathering event, the physical state of an object is altered due to the action of weather, typically over some extended period of time such as years or decades or centuries or millenia. To undergo a #$Weathering process, the #$objectOfStateChange must be outdoors (or at least exposed to the outdoor weather). The specific processes involved in a particular #$Weathering event depend upon (1) the climate in which the process occurs, and (2) the type of material that the #$objectOfStateChange is made of. One typical effect of a #$Weathering is the removal of paint (and other coatings) from the object, through the action of sun, rain, freezing, and wind.

        Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'weather' in WordNet:
          4. weather - (change under the action or influence of the weather; 'A weathered old hut')

Super-classes Decaying^c
IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c

Weaver^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weaver`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weaver' in WordNet: 1. weaver - (a craftsman who weaves cloth)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op value Weaving^c characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Weaving^c

WeaverFinch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeaverFinch`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weaver finch' in WordNet: 1. weaver, weaverbird, weaver finch - (finch-like African and Asian colonial birds noted for their elaborately woven nests)`
Super-classes	OscineBird^c

Weaving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weaving`
Description	The process by which filamentlike materials are woven. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weaving' and verb sense 2 of 'weave' in WordNet: 1. weaving - (creating fabric) WN verb 'weave': 2. (2) weave, tissue - (create a piece of cloth by interlacing strands of fabric, such as wool or cotton; 'tissue textiles')`
Super-classes	Assembling^c Manufacturing^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c
Restrictions	hadConsumedObject^op value PieceOfThread^c typicallyProduces^op value Fabric^c typicallyProduces^op value FabricObject^c hadConsumedObject^op value Thread^c

WebAccessibleFile^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebAccessibleFile`
Description	A ''WebAccessibleFile'' is a ComputerFile stored in .''WebBasedComputer''.
Super-classes	ComputerFile-Abstract^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value WebBasedServer^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OnLine^c

WebBasedServer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebBasedServer`
Description	.
Super-classes	ComputerServer^c MultipleUserComputer^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OnLine^c isConnectedTo^op value WorldWideWeb^c

WebBrowser^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebBrowser

Description

A ''WebBrowser'' is a ''ComputerApplicationProgram'' that is used mostly to connects a local computer to other computers on the 'world wide web' and displays computer pages from those web 'sites' on a monitor. A 'browser' can make other functions easy, sich as searching, saving, or printing the information obtained from remote sites. It has as basis a program that can interpret and display HTML documents.

     Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'browser' in WordNet:
       2. browser, web browser - (a program used to view HTML documents)

Super-classes ComputerApplicationProgram^c

WebDirectoryPage^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebDirectoryPage

Description

COSMO note: this type is taken from Cyc, but has been made a subtype of 'GenericWebPage', not a Cyc concept..

      Cyc:  A collection of WWW pages. Each #$WebDirectoryPage
        consists primarily of an ordered list of links into other
        web pages. The links will typically belong to a common
        subject area or set of subject areas.  Some instances of
        #$WebDirectoryPage are pages within a portal site such as
        yahoo.com.  Others belong to (and are maintained by) other
        organizations or individuals.

Super-classes ConceptualWork^c
GenericWebPage^c

WebLike^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebLike

Description

The attribute of an Object or substance that is like a ''FreeSheet'', but is formed from many interlaced long and thin objects such as threads (or wires) such that it has many interspersed perceptible holes through the sheet. Includes screening, lacework, spider webs and similar objects or substances.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'webbed' in Wordnet:
           2. lacy, netlike, netted, webbed, weblike, webby -
               (having open interstices or resembling a web)

Super-classes SheetLike^c
Porous^c

WebLog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebLog`
Description	A 'WebLog' is a 'WebSite' to which a 'Blogger' adds on or more 'BlogPost's, on a page that is readable with a browser,and is therefore a 'WebPage-AIS'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'web log' in WordNet: 1. web log, blog - (a shared on-line journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies; "postings on a blog are usually in chronological order")`
Super-classes	WebSite^c
Restrictions	containsSymbolicObject^op value WebPage-AIS^c

WebPage-AIS^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebPage-AIS

Description

CYC: The subset of #$ComputerFile-AIS whose instances are written in #$HypertextMarkupLanguage. Most instances of #$WebPage-AIS are #$subInformation of the #$WorldWideWeb-DynamicIndexedInfoSource (see #$WorldWideWebPage-AIS).

        COSMO note: this must be directly addressable on the WWW (have a working URL).

Super-classes GenericWebPage^c
ComputerFile-Abstract^c

WebServiceEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebServiceEvent`
Description	A WebServiceEvent is a service that is executed by a computer using Web connections between requester and executing conputer. The 'Provider' will typically be an organization or person, and is distinct from the computer used to execute the service. As a Product, a WebServiceEvent has to have a 'maker/manufacturer/creator'. This will be the agent that set up the commoputer to provide the service, whether or not it is for profit. We do not expect computers to providing serives on their own volition; an artifact has to be made by a 'IntentionalAgent'. If at some point certain computers come to be classified as 'IntentionalAgent's, then it may be possible for them to provide services of their own 'volition'.
Super-classes	ServiceEvent^c Product^c

WebSite^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebSite`
Description	A 'WebSite' may be a single page or a domain, or a subdomain such as a blog site (see 'Blog'). This is classified as an 'AbstractDocument' in the sense that it contains information. The whole site may be considered analogous to a book, and a single page may be analogous to a single page in a book. `Should add ref to GenericWebPage as included element. 1. web site, website, internet site, site - (a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the World Wide Web; 'the Israeli web site was damaged by hostile hackers')`
Super-classes	AbstractDigitalObject^c AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op some GenericWebPage^c
Sub-classes	SocialMediaWebsite^c WebLog^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WikipediaSite http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wikipedia

WebcamBroadcasting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WebcamBroadcasting`
Description	A specialization of #$InternetBroadcasting. Each instance of this collection is an event whereby a camera transmits images 'live' to a #$WorldWideWebSite.
Super-classes	InternetBroadcasting^c VisualImageRecording^c

Weber^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weber

Description

SI magnetic flux measure. Symbol: Wb. It is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electromotive force of 1 Volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 'OneSecond'. Weber = Vs = m^2kgs^(-2)A^(-1)

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weber' in WordNet:
      1. weber, Wb - (a unit of magnetic flux equal to 100,000,000 maxwells)

Super-classes FunctionQuantity^c

WeddingCeremony^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeddingCeremony`
Description	COSMO note: a 'WeddingCeremony' is the ritual of two people getting married. Two subevents are necessarily included, the act of each person 'taking in matrimony' the other, acts that are mutually dependent; these acts are represented by the COSMO concept 'Marrying', representing the transitive verb 'to marry (someone)'. For many Christians, this Action is part of a ''HolyMatrimony'' ceremony, but there may be a ''WeddingCeremony'' that is performed for friends at a time that differs from the formal and legal oath-taking that legalizes a marriage; this type includes all such associated ceremonies, and they are all considered as part of one and the same ''WeddingCeremony'' - the legal formality, when required,may need an additional entry.. `This is the collection of actual wedding ceremonies. Use #$WeddingReception for the party afterwards and #$WeddingEvent-Entire for the whole shebang. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'marriage' and sense 2 of 'wedding', and sense 1 of 'marry' in WordNet: WN 'marriage' 3. (2) marriage, wedding, marriage ceremony - (the act of marrying; the nuptial ceremony; 'their marriage was conducted in the chapel')`
Super-classes	MakingAnAgreement^c RiteOfPassage^c SocialOccurrence^c Ceremony^c Rite^c
Restrictions	initiatesState^op value Marriage^c mayHaveSubEvent^op value HolyMatrimony^c hadMainParticipant^op value BrideAndGroom^c occursDuring^op value Marrying^c causes^op value Marrying^c

Wedge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wedge`
Description	A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Polyhedron. The collection of all wedge-shaped spatial objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$Wedge is a polyhedron with five sides, two of which are (parallel, congruent) triangles and three of which are rectangles; any cross-section of a wedge parallel to its two triangular ends is a triangle congruent to those ends. For example, the space occupied by a pup tent is a wedge. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wedge' in WordNet: 1. (1) wedge, wedge shape, cuneus - (any shape that is triangular in cross section)`
Super-classes	Polyhedron^c ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical^c
Restrictions	hasCrossSectionalShape^op value Triangle^c

Wednesday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wednesday

Description

The Class of all calendar Wednesdays.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Wednesday' in Wordnet:
         1. (12) Wednesday, Midweek, Wed - (the fourth day of the week; the third working day)

Super-classes Weekday^c

Wee^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wee

Description

Something ''Wee'' is also ''Tiny'', but the usage is different. Distinguishing the WordNet synonyms can be done as needed.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wee' in WordNet:
          1. (3) bitty, bittie, teensy, teentsy, teeny, wee, weeny,
            weensy, teensy-weensy, teeny-weeny, itty-bitty, itsy-bitsy - 
            ((used informally) very small; 'a wee tot')

Super-classes Tiny^c

Weed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weed`
Description	''Weed'' is a loose informal category of plants that are undesired by someone and grow without cultivation in some location. Otherwise the type can be any visible plant, but is usually non-woody. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weed' in WordNet: 1. (3) weed - (any plant that crowds out cultivated plants)`
Super-classes	Plant^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unwanted^c
Sub-classes	Thistle^c Ragweed^c

Weeding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weeding`
Description	Events in which a person pulls weeds from the ground. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'weed' in WordNet: 1. weed - (clear of weeds; "weed the garden")`
Super-classes	RoutineAction^c WithdrawingAnObject^c TakingCareOfSomething^c Gardening^c WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	removes^op value Weed^c

Weedy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weedy

Description

''Weedy'' is an attribute of places that have a perceptible number of ''Weed''s growing. How many weeds one needs to be called ''Weedy'' will depend on the place and the person describing it.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weedy' in WordNet:
          1. weedy - (abounding with or resembling weeds; 'a weedy path';
          'weedy plants that take over a garden')

Super-classes Dirty^c

Week^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Week`
Description	The Class of all periods of seven consecutive days, regardless of the day on which it starts; for a calendar week starting on Sunday use the subtype 'CalendarWeek'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'week' in WordNet: 1. (400) week, hebdomad - (any period of seven consecutive days; 'it rained for a week')`
Super-classes	RecurringTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	CalendarWeek^c

Weekday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weekday`
Description	Any day of the week other than Saturday or Sunday. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weekday' in WordNet: 1. (1) weekday - (any day except Sunday (and sometimes except Saturday))`
Super-classes	Day^c
Sub-classes	Friday^c Monday^c Thursday^c Wednesday^c Tuesday^c

Weekend^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weekend

Description

Any Saturday and Sunday which are contiguous.

  Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weekend' in Wordnet:
     1. (13) weekend - (a time period usually extending from Friday night through Sunday;
     more loosely defined as any period of successive days including one and only one Sunday)

Super-classes TimeInterval^c
MeasurableTimeInterval^c

Weevil^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weevil`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weevil' in WordNet: 1. weevil - (any of several families of mostly small beetles that feed on plants and plant products; especially snout beetles and seed beetles)`
Super-classes	Beetle^c
Sub-classes	BollWeevil^c

Weighing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weighing`
Description	An Observation that allows the Observer to determine the quantitative value of the Mass or weight of an Object `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'weigh' in WordNet: 3. (2) weigh, librate - (determine the weight of; 'The butcher weighed the chicken')`
Super-classes	Measuring^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some MassMeasurement^c

Weight^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weight

Description

The Class of ConstantQuantities indicating a quantity of Force that is directed toward the center of the Earth by some PhysicalObject; this quantity is used in the technical sense of mass time acceleration, and is not identical to Mass, though the units of Mass and Weight are often conflated in common speech; a 'weight' of one pound or one gram usually means a Mass of one pound or one gram. An object with a Mass of one kilogram may weigh slightly differently at different points on the Earth's surface due to variations in gravity at different points.

  Although 'pound' can be a unit of mass or weight, to avoid confusion,
  'pound' should be interpreted as a unit of Mass, and 'weight' only
  used when the measure is clearly one of Weight,
  not Mass (as by a spring scale), and the accuracy sufficient to
  distinguish the difference.

 An example of a unit of Weight (force) is one Newton.

 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weight' in WordNet:      
   1. (29) weight - (the vertical force exerted by a
      mass as a result of gravity)

Super-classes Force^c

WeightArtifact^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeightArtifact`
Description	`Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 4 of 'weight' in WordNet: 4. (3) weight - (an artifact that is heavy)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Sub-classes	WeightDevice^c

WeightDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeightDevice`
Description	Any SolidObject that is used to weigh down something - i.e. to provide a force caused by its weight in a gravitational field. These vary,from small weights used in ''Fishing'' (see ''Sinker'') to 'weights' used in a balance to measure the weight (or mass) of objects, to paperweights for the desktop to heavy weights,over a hundred pounds, used in weghtlifting or other exercise. Often made of metal, but not necessarily; a ''PaperWeight'' can be made of almost anything solid, even containting liquid. `This is here to organize the subtypes;the subtype may be used to label texts. This includes controlled weights on a weight machine in a gym. The 'free' exercise 'weight' is the subtype ''FreeWeight''`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c WeightArtifact^c
Sub-classes	PaperWeight^c Barbell^c Sinker^c FreeWeight^c

WeightLifter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeightLifter`
Description	A ''WeightLifter'' is an ''Athlete'' who trains arm muscles by lifting heavy weights, usually on barbells specifically designed for that purpose. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weightlifter' in WordNet: 1. weightlifter, lifter - (an athlete who lifts barbells)`
Super-classes	Athlete^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WeightLifting^c

WeightLifting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeightLifting`
Description	A ''WeightLifting'' is form of ''Bodybuilding'' (''Strengthening'') in which a Person trains (strengthens) arm muscles by lifting heavy weights, usually on barbells specifically designed for that purpose. The ''Muscle''s of a Person are strengthened (made able to exert greater force, such as lifting heavier weights) by lifting heavy weights `NOTE: 'press' should be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'WeightLifting' and verb sense 1 of 'weightlift' in WordNet: 1. weightlift, weightlifting - (bodybuilding by exercise that involves lifting weights) WN verb 'weightlift': 1. weight-lift, weightlift, press - (lift weights; 'This guy can press 300 pounds')`
Super-classes	RaisingByHand^c ExercisingEvent^c BodybuildingAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value WeightLifter^c hasObjectMoved^op value FreeWeight^c usesDeviceType^op value FreeWeight^c

WeightPercent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeightPercent`
Description	A ''WeightPercent'' is a ''WeightRatio'' for the Mass of something in an Object or Substance, divided by the total mass of that Object or Substance, multiplied by 100 to express the ratio in percentage, number from 0 to 1.
Super-classes	PercentNumber^c FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c

WeightRatio^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeightRatio`
Description	A ''WeightRatio'' is a RationalNumber that is the weight of one object or substance in a mixture dvided by the weight of the whole mixture, in the same units. This is a pure number but its meaning is specific for describing what part of the weight (mass) of a mixture is composed of one substance or ObjectType. See also ''WeightPercent''
Super-classes	FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance^c DimensionlessRatio^c

WeightSet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeightSet`
Description	A ''WeightSet'' is a set consisting of ''Dumbzbell''s, two of each weight and having more than one pair, often pairs of five pounds to 50 pounds each.
Super-classes	ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Dumbbell-Weight^c

Weighted^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weighted

Description

''Weighted' is a type of ''Adjusted'' for quantities that are changed according to some principle to reflect consideration of factors other than some direct observation. 'weighted mean'

         Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'weighted' in Wordnet:
           2. weighted - (adjusted to reflect value or proportion; 
             'votes weighted according to the size of constituencies'; 
             'a law weighted in favor of landlords'; 'a weighted average')

Super-classes Adjusted^c

WeightedDown^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WeightedDown

Description

''WeightedDown'' is an attribute of a ''PhysicalObject'' that has had some material load of some objects to bear (in various ways)..

       NOTE: the only WN sense of 'weighted' that approximates this is sense 1, but
         that includes a psychological and physiological sense that is not included here, but
         is represented as ''Leaden''.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'loaded down' in Wordnet:
         2. burdened, heavy-laden, loaded down - (bearing a physically heavy weight or load;
           'tree limbs burdened with ice'; 'a heavy-laden cart'; 'loaded down with packages')
       WN adj weighted' (physical, not psychological sense):
         1. (1) leaden, weighted - (made heavy or weighted down with weariness;
              'his leaden arms'; 'weighted eyelids')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Weird^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weird

Description

''Weird'' is a property that can be assigned to something that is not just strange, but has aspects sugggesting involvement of something supernatural. The term is often used hyperbolically rather than literally in this sense,

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weird' in WordNet:
        1. (8) eldritch, weird, uncanny, unearthly - (suggesting the operation of supernatural influences; 
        'an eldritch screech'; 'the three weird sisters';
        'stumps...had uncanny shapes as of monstrous creatures'- John Galsworthy; 
        'an unearthly light'; 'he could hear the unearthly scream 
             of some curlew piercing the din'- Henry Kingsley)

Super-classes Strange^c

Welcome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Welcome`
Description	'Welcome' is an AttributeValue of some Event that is experienced with pleasure (to some degree) by an 'IntentionalAgent'. Having this AttributeValue means that the 'IntentionalAgent' prefers for that Event to happen rather than not to happen. The presence of a person may be such an Event (state), in which case it is said that that Person is ''Welcome''. The restrition allows as object either a state or a Person (perhaps broaden to Animal?) TO say that a Person is welcome should be represented as the PersistentState of that Person being in a particular place, and that PersistentState being 'Welcome' to another Person. This is an AttributeValue of a PleasantEvent - to be welcome to an agent, the Event must be Pleasant to that agent; however, it is possible for an Event to be Pleasant an unwelcome (e.g. if it occurs at an inconvenient time), so not all PleasantEvents are Welcome. This distinguishes Welcome from its parent Attribute 'Pleasant'. The WordNet example 'you are welcome to join us' would be represented as 'The Event (of you joining us) is 'Welcome' to us' Corresponds to the first part of adjective sense 1 of 'welcome' in WordNet, the sense of 'giving pleasure': in WordNet: 1. (4) welcome - (giving pleasure or satisfaction or received with pleasure or freely granted; 'a welcome relief'; 'a welcome guest'; 'made the children feel welcome'; 'you are welcome to join us')
Super-classes	Pleasant^c
Restrictions	isAnAttributeValueOf^op some (PleasantEvent^c or Person^c or EventType^c)

Welcoming^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Welcoming`
Description	Any instance of Speaking (an Action) or a Gesture, along with other actions expressing friendship, in which one Person verbally or by gesture expresses a 'welcome' to another, usually one who has recently arrived from somewhere else. See ''Beckoning''for a Gesture that can symbolize a form of ''Welcoming''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'welcome in WordNet: 2. (4) welcome, receive - (bid welcome to; greet upon arrival)`
Super-classes	BehaviorTowardOthers^c Greeting^c
Restrictions	isDirectedToward^op some (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c or PersonType^c or GroupType^c)
Sub-classes	Hospitality^c

Weld^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Weld`
Description	Each 'Weld' is a connecting part of some object (usually metallic, but also thermoplastic) that was joined from smaller parts by Welding. This type only represents the part of the object that is the actual Weld, that is, the part that was melted or softened and fused together. The edges of a Weld may not be well-defined, therefore this type is a subtype of 'PartAsaRegion'. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'weld' in WordNet: 3. weld - (a metal joint formed by softening with heat and fusing or hammering together)`
Super-classes	Joint-Physical^c PartAsaRegion^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Welding^c

Welder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Welder`
Description	A 'Welder'' is a ''TradeWorker'' who is ''Skilled'' (proficient) at ''Welding' pieces of metal (usually ''Steel'') together to make a strong join (''Joint-Physical''). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'welder' in WordNet: 1. welder - (joins pieces of metal by welding them together)`
Super-classes	TradeWorker^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Welding^c

Welding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Welding`
Description	Each 'Welding' is an Action in which two metallic or thermoplastic objects are connected together by placing the edges in contact, and heating the parts that are in contact until the adjacent edges fuse and run together to form a single object connected by the resulting Weld. Wikipedia definition: Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material (the weld puddle) that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld. This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involve melting a lower-melting-point material between the workpieces to form a bond between them, without melting the workpieces. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'weld' in WordNet: 1. (1) weld - (join together by heating; 'weld metal')
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value HeatingSomething^c produces^op value Weld^c hasSubEvent^op value Solidification^c hasSubEvent^op value Fusing^c

Well^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Well`
Description	CYC: The collection of wells. Instances are #$PhysicalDevices for extracting liquids or gases, usually water or petroleum or natural gas, out from the reservoirs under the ground. Generally a #$Well is a hole created by drilling or digging. Artificial lift devices (like #$Pump-Mechanical or #$Buckets) are also part of a #$Well. NOTE that a Well is a HoleInTheGround, but it can be located in the ground under a BodyOfWater, as are some oil or gas wells. @ToDo: Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that a Well has a HoleInTheGround as a part, rather than being a type of 'HoleInTheGround' - but it is often described as the HoleInTheGround, with the accessory structures in the conceptual background. We need to see how this is used in reasoning. A Well is a means of access to some 'GeologicalReservoir'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'well' in WordNet: 1. (8) well - (a deep hole or shaft dug or drilled to obtain water or oil or gas or brine)
Super-classes	DeepHoleInTheGround^c Device^c FixedStructure^c FluidConduit^c UsefulSource^c Path-Physical^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c isaSourceOf^op some SubstanceType^c
Sub-classes	DrilledWell^c WaterWell^c

Well-Founded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Well-Founded

Description

''Well-Founded'' is an attribute of some ''Assertion''that has good ''ProbatoryEvidence'' to serve as a 'grounds' (foundation) for the assertion.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well-founded' in Wordnet:
         1. tenable, well-founded - (based on sound reasoning or evidence; 'well-founded suspicions')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Well-educated^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Well-educated

Description

'Well-educated' is the attribute of someone who has accumulated a deep body of Knowledge through formal education, at least through the college level; if only through the college level, then that person must also have read significantly more than the average college student. This type refers to a broad range of knowledge, not jsut to knowledge in one field.

  This includes parts of sense 1  'well-educated' sense 1 of
  'lettered' and senses 1 and 2 of 'well-read' in WordNet,
  pertaining to academic education and book learning;
  in WordNet:
    WN 'well-educated':
      1. (3) enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, 
        well-educated, well-read - (highly educated; having extensive
        information or understanding; 'an enlightened public'; 
        'knowing instructors'; 'a knowledgeable critic'; 'a knowledgeable audience')
    WN adjective 'well-read':
      1. (1) well-read - (well informed or deeply versed through reading;
         'respect for a well-read man'; 'well-read in medieval history')

Super-classes Literate^c
PersonAttributeValue^c
Knowledgeable^c

Well-known^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Well-known`
Description	Known by a large number of people, though not necessarily of a majority. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well-known' in WordNet: 1. (6) well-known - (widely or fully known; 'a well-known politician'; 'well-known facts'; 'a politician who is well known'; 'these facts are well known')`
Super-classes	Known^c
Sub-classes	Best-known^c Publicized^c Familiar^c

Well-off^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Well-off`
Description	The attribute of a Person or of a Person's ''FinancialStatus'' whose income and financial savings are not necessarily so large as to qualify as ''Wealthy'' but has enough savings to easily handle normal demands of living. Often referred to as 'comfortable'. `@ToDO r1391: relate to ''FinancialStatus''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'well-off' in WordNet: 1. comfortable, easy, prosperous, well-fixed, well-heeled, well-off, well-situated, well-to-do - (in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich; 'they were comfortable or even wealthy by some standards'; 'easy living'; 'a prosperous family'; 'his family is well-situated financially'; 'well-to-do members of the community')`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Wealthy^c

WellDone^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WellDone

Description

''WellDone'' is a subattribute of ''Done'' for Food that has been ''Cooked'' as long and throoughly as can be before further cooking would damage the flavor by charring more than slightly, and (for steaks) the center has no pink meat remaining.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well done' in Wordnet:
          1. well-done - ((meat) cooked until there is no pink meat left inside)

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Done^c

WellInformed^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WellInformed`
Description	''WellInformed'' is the attribute of a Person that has experienced numerous ''Informing'' Events. This includes people who do not have a high level of formal Education, but nevertheless have been informed in more than a few ways or on more than a few occasions about one or more topics, gaining a level of knowledge greater than that of an average Person. This can be used for being well-informed on a special topic, or on many topics (as is a 'polymath') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well-informed' in Wordnet: 1. (3) intelligent, well-informed - (possessing sound knowledge; 'well-informed readers')
Super-classes	Informed^c PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Educated^c

WellIntentioned^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WellIntentioned

Description

The attribute of someone trying to do good and be helpful, not always successfuly.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well-intentioned' in Wordnet:
          1. well-intentioned, well-meaning, well-meant - (marked by good intentions though often 
             producing unfortunate results; 'a well-intentioned but clumsy waiter'; 
             'a well-meaning but tactless fellow'; 'the son's well-meaning efforts threw
             a singular chill upon the father's admirers'- S.W.Maughm; 'blunt but well-meant criticism')

Super-classes Good^c

WellLighted^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WellLighted`
Description	A property of areas,that have been illuminated more than the minimum required for merely walking around. Vague. `Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'well-lighted' (the higher levels of illumination) in WordNet: 1. (6) illuminated, lighted, lit, well-lighted - (provided with artificial light; 'illuminated advertising'; looked up at the lighted windows'; 'a brightly lit room'; 'a well-lighted stairwell') WN adj 'bright': 4. (3) bright - (having lots of light either natural or artificial; 'the room was bright and airy'; 'a stage bright with spotlights')`
Super-classes	Illuminated^c
Sub-classes	Sunlit^c BrilliantlyLighted^c

WellTimed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WellTimed

Description

     Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'well timed' in Wordnet:
       2. (1) timely, seasonable, well-timed, well timed - 
         (done or happening at the appropriate or proper time; 'a timely warning';
         'with timely treatment the patient has a good chance of recovery'; 
         'a seasonable time for discussion'; 'the book's publication was well timed')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Wellbeing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wellbeing`
Description	''Wellbeing; is a ''GoodCircumstances'' in which a Person or Group of People is healthy andor (relatively) prosperous, and therefore contented (moderateley happy). This situation should be interpreted as being that there are no significant problems, and a state above average in either health andor prosperity, but it does not suggest exceptional wealth. For good health, use the subtype ''Wellness''; for good financial circumsances use the subtype ''Prosperity''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'well-being' in WordNet: 1. (2) wellbeing, well-being, welfare, upbeat, eudaemonia, eudaimonia - (a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous; 'the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles')`
Super-classes	GoodCircumstances^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Welcome^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Desirable^c
Sub-classes	Wellness^c Prosperity^c

Wellness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wellness`
Description	''Wellness'' is ''Wellbeing'' in which a Person or Group of People has at least average physical health, with no significant ailments. This sense of ''Wellness'' includes ''PhysicalFitness'' and ''Sanity''. Attaining and maintaining ''Wellness'' is often a goal regular health ckeck-ups and of specific diet rules, medication regimens, and/or physical exercise activities. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wellness' in WordNet: 1. health, wellness - (a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease; 'physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients')`
Super-classes	Wellbeing^c Healthiness^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VeryGood^c isEnabledOrAssistedBy^op value MedicalExamination^c hasSubEvent^op value Sanity^c hasSubEvent^op value PhysicalFitness^c

Welsh^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Welsh

Description

''Welch'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Wales'' or a ''WelchPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'W'.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Welsh' in Wordnet:
         1. Welsh, Cambrian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Wales 
            or its people or their language; 'the Welsh coast'; 'Welsh syntax')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

Welshman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Welshman`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Welshman' in WordNet: 1. Welshman, Welsh, Cambrian, Cymry - (a native or resident of Wales)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wales^c

Wench^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wench

Description

''Wench''and its synonyms are informal terms for women who are usually young and usually attractive. The term 'wench' is sometimes used to suggest sexual promiscuity.

        Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wench' in WordNet:
          1. dame, doll, wench, skirt, chick, bird - (informal terms for a (young) woman)

Super-classes HumanYouth^c
FemalePerson^c

Werewolf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Werewolf`
Description	A mythological creature which can change form between a human and a wolflike creature. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'werewolf' in WordNet: 1. werewolf, wolfman, lycanthrope - (a monster able to change appearance from human to wolf)`
Super-classes	MythicalThing^c SentientAnimal^c Mammal^c Evildoer^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Wolf^c

Westbound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Westbound

Description

This AttributeValue is specifically for an object performing a ''Travel-TripEvent'', including ''Person''s and vehicles.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'westbound' in Wordnet:
        1. westbound, westerly, westward - (moving toward the west; 'westbound pioneers')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c
DirectionMeasure^c

Western^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Western

Description

Western is an attribute that takes a Region as argument and returns the geographically westernmost part of that region.

      Includes senses 1 to 4 of 'western' in WordNet:
        1. (21) western - (relating to or characteristic of regions of western parts
           of the world; 'Western Europe'; 'the Western Roman Empire')
    2. (10) westerly, western - (lying in or toward the west)
    3. (3) western - (of or characteristic of regions of the United States
         west of the Mississippi River; 'a Western ranch')
        4. (1) western - (lying toward or situated in the west; 'our company's 
             western office')

Super-classes LocationAttribute^c

WesternChipmunk^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WesternChipmunk

Description

WN distinctions between 'ground squirrel' and 'chipmunk' seem to invert other usages I have heard; the eastern variety is not referred to as a 'ground squirrel' and the western (the larger variety) is. This inverts the WN usage. So the label is intended to be specific. The label 'ground squirrel' is added to the Western variety.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chipmunk' in WordNet:
        1. chipmunk - (a burrowing ground squirrel of western America and Asia; 
          has cheek pouches and a light and dark stripe running down the body)

Super-classes Squirrel^c

WesternMovie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WesternMovie`
Description	this ''WesternMovie'' includes recorded shows that are short and made for television, whether or not as part of a series of shows. `"theUnitedstatesarea" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'western' in WordNet: 1. (1) Western, horse opera - (a film about life in the western United States during the period of exploration and development)`
Super-classes	Movie^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value Cowboy^c hasTopic^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TheWildWest^c

Westward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Westward`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'westward' in Wordnet: 1. (3) westward, westwards - (toward the west; 'they traveled westward toward the setting sun')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Wet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wet`
Description	A quality of objects that have liquid water perceptible on the surface, and not merely interpersed in cavities in the object, as could be the case when an object is 'Moist'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wet' in WordNet: 1. (23) wet - (covered or soaked with a liquid such as water; 'a wet bathing suit'; 'wet sidewalks'; 'wet weather')`
Super-classes	Moist^c
Sub-classes	Teary^c Dripping^c Muddied^c Soaked^c Flooded^c Sweaty^c Muddy^c

WetFabricObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WetFabricObject`
Description	A ''FabricObject'' that is perceptibly ''Wet''.
Super-classes	FabricObject^c WetObject^c

WetObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WetObject`
Description	A ''WetObject'' is any Object that is perceptibly ''Wet''.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wet^c
Sub-classes	WetFabricObject^c

Wetlands^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wetlands`
Description	A ''GeographicalArea'' - an area in some Geographical Region - that has standing water for some part of the year, and also some vegetation. This includes swamps which may be dry some part of the year, and tidal marshes, which may be wet all year, so the degree of wetness is not a constant. `Cyc: The collection of all portions of wetlands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wetland' in WordNet: 1. wetland - (a low area where the land is saturated with water)`
Super-classes	OutdoorArea^c EcologicalArea^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicObject^op value BodyOfWater^c hasCharacteristicObject^op value Plant^c
Sub-classes	Bog^c Swamp^c

Wetness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wetness`
Description	''Wetness'' is an ''ObjectCondition'' of PhysicalObjects that have 'Water'' in some form (liquid or gaseous, as in air) on or in the Object. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wetness' in WordNet: 1. (1) wetness - (the condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water); 'he confirmed the wetness of the swimming trunks')`
Super-classes	PhysicalSituation^c ObjectCondition^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op some PhysicalObject^c isDueToThePresenceOf^op value Water^c
Sub-classes	Humidity^c

WetnessAttribute^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WetnessAttribute`
Description	The parent type for AttributeValues that express the relative concentration of ''Water'' in some object or location.
Super-classes	ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Dry^c Moist^c

WetnessType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WetnessType`
Description	''WetnessType'' is specialized metaclas to allow assigning different semi-qualitative values of ''Wetness''.
Super-classes	AttributeValueType^c

Wetting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wetting`
Description	''Wetting'' is an action in which some SolidObject becomes ''Wet'' (or perceptibly wetter, if the Object already had some degree of moisture). The subype ''Soaking'' is imparting a higher degree of wetness. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wet' in WordNet: 1. (4) wet - (cause to become wet; 'Wet your face')`
Super-classes	ImpartingAnAttribute^c ActionOnObject^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Wet^c caused^op value BeingWet^c
Sub-classes	WateringPlants^c Soaking^c SprayingWaterDirectionally^c Flooding^c

Whacking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whacking`
Description	''Whacking is a ''HittingAnObject'' hard, NOTE: The difference between this and ''BashingAnObject'' is hard to discern. They both have the same WN and COSMO parents. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'whack' in WordNet: 1. (2) whack, wham, whop, wallop - (hit hard; 'The teacher whacked the boy')`
Super-classes	HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Forceful^c
Sub-classes	HittingaGolfballWithaClub^c HittingaBaseballWithaBat^c

WhackingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhackingSound

Description

A sound consisting of a short sharp loud knock whentwo solid objects collide with force.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whack' in WordNet:
             1. whack - (the sound made by a sharp swift blow)

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

Whale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whale`
Description	CYC: The collection of all whales, including most types of cetacean. #$Whale is a subset of #$Mammal, including the largest mammals on Earth. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'whale' in WordNet: 2. whale - (any of the larger cetacean mammals having a streamlined body and breathing through a blowhole on the head)`
Super-classes	Cetacean^c
Sub-classes	BaleenWhale^c

WhaleShark^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhaleShark`
Description	The largest of the fishes. . `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whale shark' in WordNet: 1. whale shark, Rhincodon typus - (large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on plankton)`
Super-classes	Shark^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Spotted^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value VeryLarge^c isTheLargestAmong^op value Fish^c

Wheat-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wheat-Foodstuff`
Description	Includes sense 2 of 'wheat' and sense 1 of 'wheat flour' in WordNet: 2. wheat, wheat berry - (grains of common wheat; sometimes cooked whole or cracked as cereal; usually ground into flour) 1. wheat flour - (flour prepared from wheat)
Super-classes	ExistingStuffType^c VegetableMatter^c EdibleStuff^c
Sub-classes	WheatFlour^c ShreddedWheat^c

WheatFlour^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WheatFlour

Description

Finely ground wheat grain used in cooking.

    Corresponds to sense 1 of 'wheat flour' in WordNet, and
     is often referred to by the generic 'flour' - sense 1 of
     'flour' in WordNet:
      1. wheat flour - (flour prepared from wheat)
     WN 'flour' 
         1. (3) flour - (fine powdery foodstuff obtained by
                 grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain)

Super-classes Wheat-Foodstuff^c
FoodIngredientOnly^c
Flour^c
ExistingStuffType^c

WheatPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WheatPlant

Description

Individual wheat plants.

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheat' in WordNet:
      1. (1) wheat - (annual or biennial grass
          having erect flower spikes and light brown grains)

Super-classes CerealPlant^c

Wheel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wheel`
Description	A Wheel is a SolidTangibleArtifact that is at least approximately discoid in shape, circular and significantly thinner in width than the diameter of the circle. Wheels include things like the geared wheels of machines and clocks, so perfect circularity is not required. Note that wheels are always designed to be part of a larger object, though they are not necessarily installed before they are destroyed. NOTE: a ''Wheel'' is considered as a ''FlarObject'' even though it hac irregularities, spokes, air gaps and other features that deviate from a true 'Disc' shape. The restriction on 'functionsTogetherWith' expresses that a 'wheel' typically is attached to some shaft that turns it, or is turned by it, as part of a functioning device. Cyc: The collection of all instances of the most general kind of wheel. Each instance is a disk-shaped thing which can be rotated on an #$Axle which typically goes through the center of its circular cross-section. #$Wheels are found on #$LandTransportationDevices, serving the function of allowing #$RollingOnASurface for such devices. Wheels may take the form of #$Gears, parts of a #$Pulley, or may be present instead of ball bearings in places where a device needs to roll against a surface - like on the edges of some #$GarageDoors, which roll in a track when they are raised (#$LiftingAnObject). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheel' in WordNet: 1. (12) wheel - (a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines))
Super-classes	Disk^c SolidTangibleArtifact^c RadiallySymmetricObject^c KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c PartOfanArtifact^c RotatableComponent^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c functionsTogetherWith^op value Shaft^c hasShape^op value RotationallySymmetric^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value Disk^c
Sub-classes	PaddleWheel^c ToothedWheel^c SupportingWheel^c FerrisWheel^c Flywheel^c

WheelPedal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WheelPedal`
Description	A ''WheelPedal'' is a ''Pedal'' that is one of two ''Pedal''s pushed alternately to cause rotation of a 'wheel' that is attached to the ends of a Z-shaped rod connecting the two pedals, so that when each pedal is pressed, the wheel is rotated; using both legs allows continued rotation in the same direction without reliance on the momentum of the wheel to return one pedal to a position where pushing it will cause the wheel to rotate in the desired direction. On a modern ''Bicycle'' a pair of such pedals turns a toothed disc that pulls a chain connected to the axle of the rear wheel, providing the thrusting torque to move the bicycle forward. `This is the kind of 'pedal' on a bicycle or ''Tricycle''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pedal' in WordNet: 2. pedal, treadle, foot pedal, foot lever - (a lever that is operated with the foot)`
Super-classes	Pedal^c
Sub-classes	BicyclePedal^c

WheelRim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WheelRim`
Description	The outer edge of a ''Disk'' shaped object. `Includes noun senses 3 and 5 of 'rim' in Wordnet: 3. rim - (the outer part of a wheel to which the tire is attached) 5. brim, rim, lip - (the top edge of a vessel or other container)`
Super-classes	Rim^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op some (Wheel^c or DeviceType^c)

Wheelbarrow^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wheelbarrow

Description

CYC: The collection of wheelbarrows.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheelbarrow' in WordNet:
         1. barrow, garden cart, lawn cart, wheelbarrow - 
           (a cart for carrying small loads; has handles and one or more wheels)

Super-classes Cart^c
TransportationContainerProduct^c
Device-UserControlled^c
MaterialTransporter^c
WheeledTransportationDevice^c
Device-UserPowered^c

Wheelchair^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wheelchair

Description

This includes powered Wheelchairs,so the CYC parent 'MusclePoweredDevice' is omitted. That can be added as a parent to a traditional unpowered subtype that is not electrical.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheelchair' in WordNet:
            1. (1) wheelchair - (a movable chair mounted on large wheels; 
              for invalids or those who cannot walk; frequently propelled by the occupant)

Super-classes Chair^c
Device-UserControlled^c
MobilityAid^c
WheeledTransportationDevice^c

WheeledTransportationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WheeledTransportationDevice`
Description	This type is for Vehicles that are supported solely by their 'SupportingWheel's when being used as intended for transportation. Airplanes are not instances, even though they taxi on wheels, because that is not their primary distinctive and intended way of moving people or cargo. A wheelbarrow is not an instance, because it is not supported solely by the front wheel, but also by the person carrying the handles. NOTE that this type of device is designed to be used in transporting PhysicalObjects, but it does not itself have to carry those physical objects; it can beused (as a ''Tractor'') is to tow another wheeled device that actually carries the objects to be transported. #$WheeledTransportationDevice is a specialization of #$LandTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$WheeledTransportationDevice is a transportation device that uses only wheels for motion (as opposed to tracks, runners, etc.). This collection includes not only many instances of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, but also non-self-powered devices such as #$Bicycles and #$Wagons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheeled vehicle' in WordNet: 1. wheeled vehicle - (a vehicle that moves on wheels and usually has a container for transporting things or people; 'the oldest known wheeled vehicles were found in Sumer and Syria and date from around 3500 BC')
Super-classes	LandTransportationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value SupportingWheel^c
Sub-classes	Snowplow^c SkateBoard^c Trailer^c RecreationalVehicle^c Bicycle^c Forklift^c Unicycle^c Train-TransportationDevice^c Streetcar^c Tractor^c Tricycle^c Wheelbarrow^c Bus^c Motorcycle^c HorseCarriage^c Scooter^c Wagon^c Automobile^c BabyCarriage^c Wheelchair^c Ambulance^c Truck^c TractorTrailer^c

Wheezing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wheezing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wheeze' in WordNet: 1. (2) wheeze - (breathe with difficulty) WN noun 'wheeze': 1. (1) wheeze - (breathing with a husky or whistling sound)`
Super-classes	PhysiologicalFunction^c AbnormalBodyCondition^c Breathing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value WhistlingSound^c isaSubEventOf^op value Asthma^c hasManner^op value WithDifficulty^c

Whereabouts^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whereabouts`
Description	A ''Whereabouts'' is a ''Place'' where a Person (or other object) is located at a specific time. This is only meaningful when the time(s) of reference are specified or implied. This term may be used for the location of some lost or mispaced object as well as the location of a person. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whereabouts' in WordNet: 1. (3) whereabouts - (the general location where something is; 'I questioned him about his whereabouts on the night of the crime')`
Super-classes	Place^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value PhysicalObject^c

Whetstone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whetstone`
Description	A ''Whetstone'' is hard and flat, with a surface that is sufficiently rough to act as a polishing agent to sharpen the edge of a blade. `RHW 'whetstone': 1. a stone for sharpening cutlery or tools by friction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whetstone' in WordNet: 1. whetstone - (a flat stone for sharpening edged tools or knives)`
Super-classes	Sharpener^c StoneObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Hard^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c isUsedInAction^op value SharpeningAnObject^c
Sub-classes	Hone^c

Whew^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whew

Description

An 'interjection'. or 'Exclamation'? Makes a whistling sound, and expresses some Emotion such as surprise or relief.

   RHW interjection 'whew': 1. (a whistling exclamation or sound expressing astonishment, dismay, relief, etc.)
   RHW noun 'whew': 2. an utterance of 'whew'.

Super-classes Interjection^c

Whim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whim`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whim' in WordNet: 1. (1) caprice, impulse, whim - (a sudden desire; 'he bought it on an impulse')`
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op only Sudden^c

Whimpering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whimpering`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'whimper' in WordNet: 1. (1) wail, whimper, mewl, pule - (cry weakly or softly; 'she wailed with pain')`
Super-classes	Crying^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Soft-Sound^c

Whimsical^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whimsical

Description

''Whimsical'' is a subattribute of ''Arbitrary'' for Actions that are motivated by a ''Whim''.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'whimsical' in Wordnet:
       1. capricious, impulsive, whimsical - (determined by chance or impulse 
          or whim rather than by necessity or reason; 'a capricious refusal';
          'authoritarian rulers are frequently capricious'; 
          'the victim of whimsical persecutions')

Super-classes Arbitrary^c

Whining^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whining`
Description	`Corresponds to verb senses 2 and 3 of 'whine' in WordNet: 2. (1) snivel, whine - (talk in a tearful manner) 3. whine, grizzle, yammer, yawp - (complain whiningly) WN noun 'whining': 1. (1) snivel, sniveling - (whining in a tearful manner)`
Super-classes	ComplainingAboutSomething^c Speaking^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Tears^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Tearful^c

Whip^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whip`
Description	SUMO: A Weapon that consists of a thin strand of Fabric, usually Leather, and a handle by which the strand is impelled at a high rate of speed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whip' in WordNet: 1. (3) whip - (an instrument with a handle and a flexible lash that is used for whipping)`
Super-classes	Device-UserControlled^c Device-SingleUser^c Device-UserPowered^c Weapon^c HandTool^c CordlikeObject^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value Handle^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Whipping^c

Whiplash^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whiplash`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whiplash' in WordNet: 1. whiplash, whiplash injury - (an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident))`
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Neck^c

Whipped^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whipped`
Description	This sense of ''Whipped'' is the attribute applied to foods in liquid or semisolid or granular form that was subjected to a ''WhippingFoodStuff''process. This can cause some types of mostly liquid foodstuffs (eggs or cream) to become semisolid, and granular (e.g. chopped) foodstuffs to become semisolid rather than solid. Liquids may stay in liquid form after a ''WhippingFoodStuff'' but if the components are not 'miscible' then they may form an emulsion.
Super-classes	Homogeneous^c PastParticiple^c

WhippedCream^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhippedCream`
Description	''WhippedCream'' is ''Cream-Dairy'' that has been whipped in some way to fill it with small air bubbles, and sweetened. It is added `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whipped cream' in Wordnet: 1. whipped cream - (cream that has been beaten until light and fluffy)`
Super-classes	Topping^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fluffy^c

Whippet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whippet

Description

CYC: A collection of fast, medium-sized dogs, capable of reaching speeds up to 35 mph. Sometimes called 'the poor man's race horse.'

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whippet' in WordNet:
          1. whippet - (small slender dog of greyhound type developed in England)

Super-classes Hound^c

Whipping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whipping`
Description	Hitting something, usually an animal, and commonly a Person, with a Whip by lashing it with the hand. Hitting with a rod would be 'Flogging', not represented yet (rev1093) In CYC: 'Whipping' is restricted to hitting people, but COSMO sense is broader: CYC: The collection of #$Whippings, which involve the hitting of a person with #$Whip.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'whip' in WordNet: 1. (8) flog, welt, whip, lather, lash, slash, strap, trounce - (beat severely with a whip or rod; 'The teacher often flogged the students'; 'The children were severely trounced') WN noun 'whipping': 1. (1) whipping, tanning, flogging, lashing, flagellation - (beating with a whip or strap or rope as a form of punishment)
Super-classes	HandlingADevice^c HittingAnObject^c
Restrictions	usedDevice^op value Whip^c

WhippingFoodStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhippingFoodStuff`
Description	''WhippingFoodStuff'' is a ''ScramblingFoodStuff'' in which the agitating device (often a food whisk) is moved very vigorously through the stuff so as to aerate the food and give it a light fluffy constituency. This action can be used to produce a ''Souffle' or ''WhippedCream'', for example. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'whip' in WordNet: 5. whisk, whip - (whip with or as if with a wire whisk; 'whisk the eggs')`
Super-classes	ScramblingFoodStuff^c
Restrictions	produces^op value HomogeneousObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vigorous^c

Whirling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whirling`
Description	'Whirling'' is the intransitive action some SolidObject that is ''Spinning'') rapidly in open air, supported or unsupported. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whirl' in WordNet: 1. (6) twirl, swirl, twiddle, whirl - (turn in a twisting or spinning motion; "The leaves swirled in the autumn wind")`
Super-classes	Spinning^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value SolidObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Quick^c

Whirlpool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whirlpool`
Description	A ''Whirlpool'' is a part of a BodyOfWater that is moving in a circular vortex motion that can carry objects under water. `RHW: 1. water in swift, circular motion, as that produced by the meeting of opposing currents, often causing a downward spiraling action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whirlpool' in WordNet: 1. whirlpool, vortex, maelstrom - (a powerful circular current of water (usually the result of conflicting tides))`
Super-classes	MovingWater^c SpiralObject^c DynamicObject^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Rotating^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value BodyOfWater^c

WhirlpoolTub^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhirlpoolTub`
Description	`A ''WhirlpoolTub'' is a Bathtub that has outlets under the water surface that can direct jets of water that make bathing more pleasant.`
Super-classes	Bathtub^c MechanicalDevice^c

Whirlwind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whirlwind`
Description	A ''Whirlwind'' is a ''WindStorm'' that is a localized spiral rotating motion of wind close to and often touching the ground and much higher than it is wide, sometimes lifting things off the ground when it touches down. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whirlwind' in WordNet: 1. whirlwind - (a more or less vertical column of air whirling around itself as it moves over the surface of the Earth)`
Super-classes	WindStorm^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rotating^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Vertical^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongAndThin^c

WhiskBroom^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhiskBroom

Description

A short-handled ''BrushOrBroom'' on which the bristles are aligned in the same direction as the handle.. Manipulable with one hand.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whisk broom' in WordNet:
           1. whisk, whisk broom - (a small short-handled broom used to brush clothes)

Super-classes CleaningImplement^c
BrushOrBroom^c

Whisker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whisker`
Description	An individual long ''Hair-Strand'' projecting from the face of a mammal to the side of the nose. Especially prominent in felines such as domestic cats. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'whisker' in WordNet: 2. whisker, vibrissa, sensory hair - (a long stiff hair growing from the snout or brow of most mammals as e.g. a cat)`
Super-classes	Hair-Strand^c
Restrictions	consistsOfSubstance^op value Hair^c

Whiskers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whiskers`
Description	Each ''Whiskers'' is the set of ''Whisker''s on the face of one ''Mammal''.
Super-classes	MobOfHair-Mammal^c PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value Whisker^c isLocatedAt^op value Mammal^c

Whiskey^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whiskey`
Description	''Whiskey'' is a ''Liquor'' produced from fermenting grains (''CerealFood'') such as Rye. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whiskey' in WordNet: 1. (6) whiskey, whisky - (a liquor made from fermented mash of grain)`
Super-classes	Liquor^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value CerealFood^c
Sub-classes	Bourbon^c

Whisper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whisper`
Description	The sounds made by a person who is whispering, not the act of whispering, which is represented by 'Whispering'. `No Wordnet sense matches this type. Corresponds to part of sense 9 of 'whisper' in RHW - the part being the sound itself. 9. the mode of utterance, or the voice, of a person who whispers: to speak in a whisper.`
Super-classes	Speech^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Faint^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value WhisperingQuality^c

Whispering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whispering`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'whisper' in WordNet: WN noun 'whisper': 1. (6) whisper, whispering, susurration, voicelessness - (speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords) WN verb 'whisper': 1. (22) whisper - (speak softly; in a low voice)`
Super-classes	Speaking^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Whisper^c

WhisperingQuality^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhisperingQuality

Description

'WhisperingQuality' is the AttributeValue of a Sound like that created by Whispering.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'whispering' in WordNet:
          1. murmuring, susurrant, whispering - (making a low continuous 
          indistinct sound; 'like murmuring waves'; 'susurrant voices')

Super-classes VoiceCharacter^c

Whistle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whistle

Description

A Device designed to make a WhistlingSound; includes large factory whistles as well as small toys and police whistles.

      Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'whistle' in WordNet:
        3. whistle - (acoustic device that forces air or steam against
           an edge or into a cavity and so produces a loud shrill sound)
        4. pennywhistle, tin whistle, whistle - (an inexpensive fipple flute)

Super-classes Device^c

WhistlingSound^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhistlingSound

Description

One or more Sounds having a steady high pitch that is not rapidly modulated like speaking; a sound of the type made by a teakettle, a factory whistle, a steam engine whistle, or a person whistling.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whistle' in WordNet, but includes
      the whistling sounds made by animals and people:
     in WordNet:
        1. whistle, whistling - (the sound made by something moving rapidly
            or by steam coming out of a small aperture)

Super-classes AudibleSound^c

White^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#White`
Description	The color white. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'white' in WordNet: 1. (65) white - (being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light; 'as white as fresh snow'; 'a bride's white dress')`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c AchromaticColor^c
Sub-classes	YellowishWhite-Color^c CreamColored^c GreenishWhite-Color^c

White-Collar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#White-Collar

Description

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'white-collar' in Wordnet:
         1. (2) white-collar - (of or designating salaried professional 
            or clerical work or workers; 'the coal miner's son aspired to
            a white-collar occupation as a bookkeeper'

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

WhiteBloodCell^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhiteBloodCell`
Description	SUMO: BloodCells that lack hemoglobin, contain a CellNucleus, and have no color. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'white blood cell' in WordNet: 1. leukocyte, leucocyte, white blood cell, white cell, white blood corpuscle, white corpuscle, WBC - (blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system)`
Super-classes	BloodCell^c
Sub-classes	Lymphocyte^c Neutrophil^c

WhiteChristmas^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhiteChristmas`
Description	A 'Christmas' or 'Christmas Day' on which it is snowing or has ''Snow'' on the ground. `Salient for being the name of a popular Christmas song - 'I'm dreaming of a white Christmas'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Christmas' in Wordnet: 2. (2) Christmas, Christmas Day, Xmas, Dec 25 - (a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ; a quarter day in England, Wales, and Ireland)`
Super-classes	ChristmasHoliday^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Snowy^c

WhiteWater^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhiteWater`
Description	''WhiteWater'' is the frothy ''BodyOfWater'' ocurring in ''Rapids'', ''Waterfall's and breaking surf.. `RHW: 1. frothy water, as in whitecaps and rapids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'white water' in WordNet: 1. white water, whitewater - (frothy water as in rapids or waterfalls)`
Super-classes	BodyOfWater^c
Restrictions	hasConstituentSubstance^op value FrothStuff^c

WhiteWine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhiteWine`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'white wine' in WordNet: 1. white wine - (pale yellowish wine made from white grapes or red grapes with skins removed before fermentation)`
Super-classes	Wine^c
Sub-classes	Champagne^c

WhiteZinfandel^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhiteZinfandel

Description

A specialization of #$BlushWine.

       Made from 'Zinfandel' grapes (red grapes).

Super-classes BlushWine^c

Whiteboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whiteboard`
Description	A ''Whiteboard'' is a 'Board' of ''White'' ''Plastic'' suitable for writing on with a special type of colored 'felt pen' resembling 'chalk' in being erasabe with an eraser. Hs the same function as a ''Blackboard'' but does not generate a lot of white chalk dust, and is easier to erase completely.. `No WN sense. RHW 'whiteboard': a smooth, glossy sheet of white plastic that can be written on with a colored pen or marker in the manner of a blackboard.`
Super-classes	Board^c DisplayDevice^c WorkSurface^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value White^c isUsedInAction^op value Presentation^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c isTypicallyLocatedAt^op value Room^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Plastic^c enablesOrAssists^op value Writing^c

Whiteness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whiteness`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whiteness' in WordNet: 1. (1) white, whiteness - (the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black))`
Super-classes	Quality^c
Restrictions	isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value White^c

WhitewaterRafting^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WhitewaterRafting`
Description	''WhitewaterRafting'' is the act of ''Rafting'' through sections of a Stream having ''Rapids'' also referred to as 'WhiteWater''.
Super-classes	Rafting^c
Restrictions	typicallyOccursAt^op value Rapids^c

Whoa^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whoa`
Description	A suddenly emitted word usually used when driving a horse-drawn wagon, telling a horse to stop. Also used half-jokingly to request that a person stop doing something.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

Whole^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whole`
Description	Whole is an attribute that can modify many types of entity and serves as a function that returns the entity modified. In this sense it seems to be equivalent to a multiplication by 1, a pointless exercise. Its meaning derives from contrast in a discourse with alternatives involving parts of the same entity, or in situations where only a part of something is usually the participant of interest. NOTE: distinction from ''Complete'' is not precise. ''Whole'' should be for one object; while ''Complete'' can be for a collection of objects. But linguistic usage is not so disjoint. There are subtle differences between the usage of 'whole' and 'entire', but they are synonymous in some contexts. Perhaps some distinction is needed? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'whole' and sense 1 of 'entire' in WordNet: 1. (109) whole - (including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete; 'gave his whole attention'; 'a whole wardrobe for the tropics'; 'the whole hog'; 'a whole week'; 'the baby cried the whole trip home'; 'a whole loaf of bread') WN adj 'entire': 1. (44) entire, full, total - (constituting the full quantity or extent; complete; 'an entire town devastated by an earthquake'; 'gave full attention'; 'a total failure')
Super-classes	Complete^c
Sub-classes	Gross-NoDeductions^c

WholeBodyMovement^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WholeBodyMovement`
Description	''WholeBodyMovement'' is an Action performed by an Animal (including people) in which its whole body moves in some translation motion. This is an Action,so it must be performed by the Animal, but this includes nimals riding on Devices that they control, such as a person driving a car. `CYC: 'SimpleWholeBodyMovement': A specialization of #$BodyMovementEvent and an instance of #$OneAtATimeProcessType (q.v.). A collection of common bodily movements in which the whole body is involved in the movement. Specializations of this collection include #$Jumping, #$AnimalWalkingProcess, and #$FallingDown.`
Super-classes	BodyMovementEvent^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	LeavingaPlace^c Swimming^c PartingCompany^c Jumping^c Ambulation^c

WholeLife^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WholeLife

Description

Each ''WholeLife''is a ''BeginningToEndingTime'' during which some Organism was ''Alive'' or will be alive if the Organism is still alive at the time of the assertion, usually used for a Person) or a functional Device was ''Functional'', .

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifespan' in WordNet:
        1. life, lifetime, life-time, lifespan - (the period during which 
            something is functional (as between birth and death); 'the battery had a short life';
            'he lived a long and happy life')

Super-classes BeginningToEndingTime^c

WholeObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WholeObject`
Description	A WholeObject is an Object with distinct and recognizable boundaries, and is not composed of separable components. This appears to correspond roughly to the BFO 'Object' and the SUMO 'CorpuscularObject'. A ''WholeObject'' is 'self-connected' in the sense of having an internal path from each part of the Object to every other part without passing through any boundaries having a gap that is more than a few atoms or molecules wide. The composition can change in some short interval, as with objects that are glued together, but the glued or welded joint is considered a part of the ''WholeObject''. . SUMO: (SelfConnectedObject) A SelfConnectedObject is any Object that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts. COSMO note: The precise specification of what the properties of a self-connected object are can be somewhat involved. As of COSMO ver. 0.82, the axioms have not been formulated. In SUMO a SelfConnectedObject is a type of Region, but in COSMO all physical objects are subtypes of GenericLocation, and this inherited type serves a similar function to the Region of SUMO. This type differs from the intended meaning of the WordNet synset for 'whole', but those labels seem most appropriate. This is not an 'assemblage'. For that meaning use ''ComplexPhysicalObject'' or ''ArtifactObject'' - although there are some ''ArtifactObject''s that have only one part, most are assemblages in the same sense as the WNglss,andinany case there will almost always be identifiable 'parts' of an ArtifactObject even if it is a SUMO 'SelfConnectedObject' that has an internal path from each part to every other. Differs from the meaning of noun sense 2 of 'whole' in WordNet: 2. whole, unit - (an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; 'how big is that part compared to the whole?'; 'the team is a unit')
Super-classes	WholeThing^c PhysicalObject^c
Sub-classes	Consolidation^c Collage^c SingleCrystal^c

WholeSkin^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WholeSkin`
Description	A 'WholeSkin'' is the full ''Skin'' on a living animal. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pelt' in WordNet: 2. hide, pelt, skin - (body covering of a living animal)`
Super-classes	Skin^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value LivingAnimal^c

WholeThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WholeThing`
Description	A WholeThing is something (Physical or Abstract) that has some well-defined boundaries, and has parts. It can be an Object or Event, and has the character of a 'Role', but as of rev1107 it is not explicitly classified as a 'Role', which is probably not useful. It could be restricted to things that have parts, but that will only be explicitly added if it appears useful or necessary. NOTE: SUMO maps WholeThing to 'CorpuscularObject', which restricts this to solid objects, not the most general meaning of 'whole'. See 'WholeObject' for a more meaningful alignment with the SUMO 'CorpuscularObject'. NOTE that every ''WholeThing'' has at one Pair of parts that can be considered as ''ComplementaryPart''s - both are needed to make up the ''WholeThing''. This reflects the intuitive notion that one does not refer to something as 'whole' unless it can have some part ''Absent'' (missing). This requirement means that any type that is set as a subtype of ''WholeThing'' should have some meaningful ''ComplementaryPart''s that can be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whole' in WordNet: 1. (8) whole - (all of something including all its component elements or parts; 'Europe considered as a whole'; 'the whole of American literature')
Super-classes	Role^c Individual^c
Restrictions	hasProperPart^op min 1
Sub-classes	Instance^c WholeObject^c Sum^c Total^c

Wholeness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wholeness`
Description	''Wholeness'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which something ''Whole'', which means that it has not been divided or had some portion (physical or abstract) removed. In the state of 'Wholeness'', no parts that make it whole are missing. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wholeness' in WordNet: 1. integrity, unity, wholeness - (an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting; 'the integrity of the nervous system is required for normal development'; 'he took measures to insure the territorial unity of Croatia')`
Super-classes	HavingAnAttribute^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Whole^c
Sub-classes	Entirety^c

Wholesale^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wholesale

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wholesale' in Wordnet:
          1. wholesale - (selling or related to selling goods in large quantities 
             for resale to the consumer; 'wholesale prices'; 'a wholesale produce market')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

WholesaleSale^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WholesaleSale`
Description	A ''WholesaleSale'' is the action of a manufacturer or 'wholesaler' who is selling to a Retailer or to a business that uses the product to produce other products or services.
Super-classes	Selling^c
Restrictions	hasReciprocalEvent^op some Buying^c

Wholesaler^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wholesaler

Description

A commercial organization that sells merchandise to other commercial organizations. Typically, a wholesale store gets merchandise directly from the manufacturer, to be distributed in relatively very large quantities, for a relatively low unit price. The buyer typically either resells the merchandise (e.g., to a retailer) or uses it as input to to a commercial manufacturing activity or some other commercial activity.

        Any Individual people??

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wholesaler' in WordNet:
          1. (1) jobber, middleman, wholesaler - 
              (someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants 
              rather than to the ultimate customers)

Super-classes SellingOrganization^c

Wholesome^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wholesome

Description

''Wholesome'' is an AttributeValue of Events or Objects or substances that conducive to good future events or outcones.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wholesome' in Wordnet:
          1. (2) wholesome - (conducive to or characteristic of physical or moral well-being; 
              'wholesome attitude'; 'wholesome appearance'; 'wholesome food')

Super-classes Helpful^c
Beneficial^c

Whopper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whopper`
Description	Any ''PhysicalObject'' that is larger than average for an object of its type - used of things that are human-scale. For larger things, use ''LargeObject''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'whopper' in WordNet: 2. whacker, whopper - (something especially big or impressive of its kind)`
Super-classes	ObjectWithAttribute^c HumanScaleObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Large^c

Whopping^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Whopping

Description

''Whopping'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action characterized was ''Humongous''.

      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'whopping' in WordNet:
        1. whopping - (extremely; 'they all were whopping drunk')

Super-classes Extremely^c

Wick^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wick`
Description	A 'CordlikeObject' (not necessarily as thick as things often called 'cord'), used to convey liquid from some reservoir to another point, often just to its end. This includes the 'wick; of candles (and wicks in oil lamps or floating on liquid fuel serving like a candle), as well as 'wicks' that may be used for other purposes than for lighting by burning fuel) `The 'wick' (or fuse) used to carry the spark that ignites a firecracker is not included in this type. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'wick' in WordNet: 1. wick - (any piece of cord that conveys liquid by capillary action; 'the physician put a wick in the wound to drain it') 2. wick, taper - (a loosely woven cord (in a candle or oil lamp) that draws fuel by capillary action up into the flame)`
Super-classes	FibrousObject^c CordlikeObject^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Limp^c

Wicker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wicker`
Description	A ''Wicker'' is a dried slender ''Wicker'', suitably strong and suitably flexible to be woven to make ''Caning'' ('wickerwork') for use in furniture. `CYC: used to make baskets and furniture - a type of cane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wicker' in WordNet: 1. (2) wicker - (slender flexible branches or twigs (especially of willow or some canes); used for wickerwork)`
Super-classes	PlantPart^c Twig^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Slender^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Dried^c

WickerBasket^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WickerBasket`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wicker basket' in WordNet: 1. wicker basket - (a basket made of wickerwork)`
Super-classes	Basket^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Caning^c

Wicket^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wicket

Description

An important piece of ''CricketEquipment''.

          Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wicket' in WordNet:
            1. wicket - (cricket equipment consisting of a set 
              of three stumps topped by crosspieces; used in playing cricket)

Super-classes CricketEquipment^c

Wide^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wide`
Description	Wide is an attribute that specifies that something has a larger than usual width relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. `Note that the sense of 'wide' in '50 feet wide' is represented by 'Width'; linguistically, 'wide'; can be replaced by 'in width' in such phrases. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'wide' in WordNet: 1. (45) wide, broad - (having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other; 'wide roads'; 'a wide necktie'; 'wide margins'; 'three feet wide'; 'a river two miles broad'; 'broad shoulders'; 'a broad river')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Broad^c

Wide-Ranging^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wide-Ranging

Description

''Wide-Ranging'' is a subtype of''Inclusive'' that applies to a Group whose elements including more than a few elements.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wide-ranging' in Wordnet:
         1. (1) wide-ranging - (including much; 'the pianist's wide-ranging repertoire')

Super-classes Inclusive^c

Wide-open^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wide-open`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wide-open' in Wordnet: 1. (1) wide-open - (open wide; 'left the doors wide-open')`
Super-classes	Open^c

WideBrim^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WideBrim`
Description	A ''WideBrim'' is a ''Brim'' that is wider than a typical ''Brim'', sometimes conspicuously,so as to be a salient characteristic of some types of ''Hat'' (e.g. ''CowboyHat'').
Super-classes	Projection^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wide^c

WideEyed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WideEyed

Description

''WideEyed'' is the attribute of a Person who has a ''WideOpenEyes'', usually expressing surprise or wonder.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'wide-eyed' in Wordnet:
         2. wide-eyed, wide - ((used of eyes) fully open or extended; "stared with wide eyes")

Super-classes Obligated^c

WideNailHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WideNailHead`
Description	A ''WideNailHead'' is a ''NailHead'' that is at least 1 cm wide and may be wider than the shaft. This is specifically for ''ThumbTack''s, but may apply to other ''Nail'' types.
Super-classes	NailHead^c
Restrictions	hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 1.0^c

WideOpenEyes^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WideOpenEyes`
Description	''WideOpenEyes'' is a Group of ''BothEyes'' in which the eyes are 'open' (eylids opened so as to cover less than normal of the eyes). `Expressing this logically would reqire a number of additional classes.`
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c BothEyes^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value InSitu^c hasComponentElement^op exactly 2

Widely^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Widely

Description

'Widely' is an AdverbialModifier that has a meaning similar to ''Much'' but suggesting that the large quantity suggested by ''Much'' is distrbuted over some expanse of space (real or virtual) or society: 'widely known' or 'widely distributed' 'widey retweeted'; 'widely imitated'.

        Includes adverb  senses 1 and 2 of 'widely' in WordNet:
            1. (21) widely - (to a great degree; 'her work is widely known')
            2. (2) wide, widely - (to or over a great extent or range; far; 
            'wandered wide through many lands'; 'he traveled widely')

Super-classes Much^c

WidelySpaced^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WidelySpaced

Description

''WidelySpaced'' is the AttributeValue of some ''Group'' of ''PhysicalObject''s to have locations that are more distant from each other than other similar groups, often used for groups with a large separation and very sparse density. had been'spaced' apart (spatially or temporally).

      NOTE: this sense includes the sense of 'sprawling' as in 'sprawling settlements' 
         or 'a sprawling suburb'.  A separate sese of 'sprawling for things carelessly arranged
         in a disordered manner is represented by ''Sprawling''.

        Corresponds to adjective sense  1 of 'sprawling' in WordNet:
         1. sprawling, straggling, straggly - (spreading out carelessly 
            (as if wandering) in different directions; 'sprawling handwriting'; 
            'straggling branches'; 'straggly hair')

Super-classes Spaced^c

WidelyTraveled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WidelyTraveled`
Description	''WidelyTraveled'' is the attribute of a Person who is ''Traveled'' (has traveled widely) and gained knowledge of multiple diverse ideas and cultures. `There is no Sense in WN coorresponding to this, which is sense 2 of adj 'cosmopolitan' in Merriam Websers Collegiate Dictionary. 3. having wide international sophistication.`
Super-classes	Traveled^c
Sub-classes	Cosmopolitan^c

Widening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Widening`
Description	Each 'Widening' is an Event in which the 'Width' of some physical object(s) increases. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'widening' and verb senses 1 and 3 of 'widen' in WordNet: 1. widening, broadening - (an increase in width) WN verb 'widen': 1. (7) widen - (become broader or wider or more extensive; 'The road widened') 3. (1) widen - (make wider; 'widen the road')`
Super-classes	IncreaseEvent^c
Sub-classes	Dilating^c

Widespread^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Widespread`
Description	An attribute things or attributes that occur throughout the world (Earth) or among many people, or in many different places (or in many locations within some specific region - 'There was widesperead panic on Wall Street') or among many different social groups. The interpretation depends on the region within which something is asserted to be 'widespread'. `Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'widespread' in WordNet: 1. (9) widespread - (widely circulated or diffused; 'a widespread doctrine'; 'widespread fear of nuclear war') 2. (3) far-flung, widespread - (distributed over a considerable extent; 'far-flung trading operations'; 'the West's far-flung mountain ranges'; 'widespread nuclear fallout')`
Super-classes	Common^c
Sub-classes	Statewide^c Worldwide^c Universal^c MostCommon^c Nationwide^c

Widow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Widow`
Description	A Woman whose Spouse has died and has not remarried. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'widow' in WordNet: 1. (4) widow, widow woman - (a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried)`
Super-classes	Woman^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Widowed^c experienced^op value DeathOfaSpouse^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unmarried^c

Widowed^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Widowed

Description

$interAgentReln A B Widowed means that B's

        spouse, A, has died.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'widowed' in WordNet:
          1. (2) widowed - (single because of death of the spouse)

Super-classes Unmarried^c

Width^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Width`
Description	'Width' is one linear dimension of an Object, but it is somewhat ambiguous. It can refer to the left-to-right distance as seen from the front of an Object, or to the second longest dimension (after 'Length'). The latter can be more specifically referenced by the Attribute 'Breadth'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'width' in WordNet: 1. (10) width, breadth - (the extent of something from side to side)`
Super-classes	Size^c
Sub-classes	Diameter^c Breadth^c

Wieldy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wieldy`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wieldy' in Wordnet: 1. wieldy - (easy to handle or use or manage; 'a large but wieldy book')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Wife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wife`
Description	The Role of a Wife, a female Spouse. In Cyc represented only as the relation 'spouse'. See 'hasSpouse' for the comparable COSMO relation. `Where same-sex marriage is allowed, the partner of a 'wife' could be called a 'wife', thus she is not necessarily 'a man's partner'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wife' in WordNet: 1. (120) wife, married woman - (a married woman; a man's partner in marriage)`
Super-classes	Spouse^c Participant^c FemalePerson^c
Restrictions	isaParticipantIn^op value Marriage^c wasTheAgentInAction^op some Marriage^c
Sub-classes	Housewife^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DianeCassidy

Wig^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wig`
Description	A ''Wig'' is an item of ''HeadWear'' that is intended to look like human hair and serve to modify or improve the appearance, often used because the human hair is no longer of satisfactory appearance. `CYC: Fake hair worn on the head. Made of lots of chord shaped things (hairs) which are sometimes made of real hair. Also has a bottom piece which the hair attaches to. This a sheet of some stuff made of who knows what. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wig' in WordNet: 1. (1) wig - (hairpiece covering the head and made of real or synthetic hair) WN 'hairpiece': 1. hairpiece, false hair, postiche - (a covering or bunch of human or artificial hair used for disguise or adornment)`
Super-classes	DurableGood^c ArtifactObject^c NonPoweredDevice^c SomethingToWear^c Covering-Object^c HeadWear^c
Restrictions	resembles^op value Hair^c

Wigwam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wigwam`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wigwam' in WordNet: 1. wigwam - (a native American lodge frequently having an oval shape and covered with bark or hides)`
Super-classes	PlaceOfResidence^c IndianLodge^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value AmericanIndian^c isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value Residing^c isDesignedToBeUsedBy^op value AmericanIndian^c

WikipediaArticle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WikipediaArticle`
Description	An Article that is included in WikiPedia
Super-classes	EncyclopediaArticle^c
Restrictions	isaComponentElementOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wikipedia^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Semantic_Interoperability_Wikipedia

Wild^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wild`
Description	A property of animals and plants meaning that they have not been domesticated or tamed - wild plants grow without human cultivation, wild animals have not become docile in the presence of people. `NOTE that a zoo animal may still be Wild, though not 'in the wild'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'wild' in WordNet: 2. (5) wild, untamed - (in a natural state; not tamed or domesticated or cultivated; 'wild geese'; 'edible wild plants')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Feral^c

WildAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WildAnimal`
Description	A specialization of #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of this collection is a non-human animal that is not domesticated or tame. Note that a captive animal may still be a wild animal, e.g. zoo animals that are not tame or domesticated. Specializations of #$WildAnimal are returned by #$WildAnimalFn. See also #$CaptiveAnimal, #$DomesticatedAnimal.
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimal^c AnimalRole^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wild^c
Sub-classes	Gibbon^c Scavenger^c Dinosaur^c Predator^c GameAnimal^c MallardDuck^c ShoreBird^c Nightingale^c Deer^c Prey^c CanadaGoose^c Invertebrate^c

WildBoar^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WildBoar

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wild boar' in WordNet:
          1. wild boar, boar, Sus scrofa - (Old World wild swine 
          having a narrow body and prominent tusks from which most domestic swine come;
          introduced in United States)

Super-classes PigFamily^c

WildCat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WildCat`
Description	A ''WildCat'' is a ''Cat'' that has not been domesticated. `CYC: A collection of medium-sized cats, including the lynx (e.g. the bobcat and Canada lynx of North America), the ocelot, serval, and caracal. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wildcat' in WordNet: 3. (1) wildcat - (any small or medium-sized cat resembling the domestic cat and living in the wild)`
Super-classes	FelisGenus^c Predator^c
Sub-classes	Ocelot^c Lynx^c

WildFire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WildFire`
Description	A ''WildFire' is a ''Conflagration'' that is not controlled and affects an ''OutdoorArea'' larger than an acre. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wildfire' in WordNet: 1. wildfire - (a raging and rapidly spreading conflagration)`
Super-classes	Conflagration^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value OutdoorLocation^c

WildLife^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WildLife`
Description	Each instance of ''WildLife'' is the subgroup of 'LivingThings' that are non-domesticated ''NonHumanAnimal''s (''WildAnimal''s). The broadest subgroup is the Group of all ''WildAnimals'' living at any one time, but this type is usually used for the WildAnimals in some specific area. RHW: 1. undomesticated animals living in the wild, including those hunted for food, sport, or profit. NOTE: WN gloss does not seem to exclude flora, but the usual interpretation is only for animals, and WN has no subtype of animals only,so this is probably an imprecise gloss.. The interpretation here is animals only Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wildlife' in WordNet: 1. (3) wildlife - (all living things (except people) that are undomesticated; 'chemicals could kill all the wildlife')
Super-classes	LivingThings^c GroupOfBeasts^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only WildAnimal^c

WildOx^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WildOx`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wild ox' in WordNet: 1. ox, wild ox - (any of various wild bovines especially of the genera Bos or closely related Bibos)`
Super-classes	Ruminant^c Bovine^c
Sub-classes	Yak^c

Wildcatter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wildcatter`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wildcatter' in WordNet: 1. (1) wildcatter - (an oilman who drills exploratory wells in territory not known to be an oil field)`
Super-classes	Oilman^c
Restrictions	typicallyWorksAt^op value OilField^c performsAction^op value DrillingForOil^c

Wilderness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wilderness`
Description	A region that is not populated (other than by wild animals), and is not developed (except for the occasional log cabin or ranger station, etc.). It is nominally 'uninhabited' (having no permanent residents), though temporary camps and ranger stations may exist there, and explorers and 'frontiersman' may travel through. This can be small in extent, such as a patch of woods in a suburb, though it is usually a lot larger. Small wilderness areas might be distinguished if needed. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wilderness' in WordNet: 3. wilderness, wild - (a wild and uninhabited area left in its natural condition; 'it was a wilderness preserved for the hawks and mountaineers')`
Super-classes	Place^c Habitat^c
Restrictions	isTheLocationOf^op value WildAnimal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Uninhabited^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Rural^c
Sub-classes	Frontier^c Tundra^c Wasteland^c Taiga^c Forest^c

Wildflower^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wildflower`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wildflower' in WordNet: 1. wildflower, wild flower - (wild or uncultivated flowering plant)`
Super-classes	FloweringPlant^c
Sub-classes	DaisyPlant^c DandelionPlant^c

WildlifeRefuge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WildlifeRefuge`
Description	A ''WildlifeRefuge'' is a ''Preserve'' and a ''Refuge'' that is established by law, where wildlife can live and survive. To protect wildlife for the benefit of the good or pleasure they give to people, or just as an idealistic or moral obligation `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'preserve' in WordNet: 2. preserve - (a reservation where animals are protected)`
Super-classes	Refuge^c Habitat^c NaturePreserve^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Safe^c

Wildly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wildly

Description

''Wildly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to express the notion that the degree of the adjective is much greater than the nmodified adjective would express.

     Similar to Adverb instance ''greatly''.
        Exact meaning is context-dependent:
           'estimates that are wildly unrealistic'
           i.e. much much too high or much much too low.


      Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'wildly' in WordNet:
        1. (11) wildly - (to an extreme or greatly exaggerated degree; 
            'the storyline is wildly unrealistic')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

Willing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Willing`
Description	The attribute of someone experiencing 'Willingness'. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'willing' in WordNet: 1. (22) willing - (disposed or inclined toward; 'a willing participant'; 'willing helpers')`
Super-classes	PersonAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Glad^c Eager^c

WillingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WillingSomething`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'will' in WordNet: 2. (2) will, wish - (have in mind; 'I will take the exam tomorrow')`
Super-classes	PurposefulMentalActivity^c
Sub-classes	Intending^c

Willingly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Willingly`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'willingly' in Wordnet: 1. willingly, volitionally - (in a willing manner; 'I willingly accept')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c
Sub-classes	Gladly^c

Willingness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Willingness`
Description	Feeling of willingness to participate in an event or situation; consenting or being prepared to participate. (#$feelsTowardsEvent AGENT EVENT #$Willingness DEGREE) means that AGENT is willing for EVENT to come about to DEGREE degree. Note: This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. A more specialized #$FeelingType than #$Willingness is #$Eagerness. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'willingness' in Wordnet: 1. (8) willingness - (cheerful compliance; 'he expressed his willingness to help')`
Super-classes	Feeling^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Willing^c

WillowTree^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WillowTree`
Description	SUMO: A BotanicalTree of the genus Salix. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'willow' in WordNet: 1. (8) willow, willow tree - (any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix)`
Super-classes	DeciduousTree^c
Sub-classes	PussyWillow^c

Wilting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wilting

Description

''Wilting'' is a phenomenon observed in plants, caused by any of several conditions including disease or dehdration. In dehydration, the leaves lose their siffness and bgein to curl. That may be reversed by giving them water.

          Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'wilt' in WordNet:
            2. wilt, droop - (become limp; 'The flowers wilted')

Super-classes SeparationEvent^c
Decaying^c
DeteriorationEvent^c

Win^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Win`
Description	A ''Win'' is the best outome of a contest, the achievement of a contestant who performs ''WinningaContest''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'win' in WordNet: 1. (2) win - (a victory (as in a race or other competition); 'he was happy to get the win')`
Super-classes	AnimateActivity^c SuccessfulAction^c ContestResult^c
Restrictions	isTheResultOf^op value WinningaContest^c wasPerformedByAgent^op some (Person^c or PersonType^c or GroupOfPeople^c)

WinLossRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WinLossRecord`
Description	A 'PerformanceRecord' tallying the wins and losses of some sports team or individual for some period of time. `The number of Wins or losses can be anything from 0 to a large integer. This may also include 'ties' in the record. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'record' in WordNet; this includes individual records as well as team records: in WordNet: 2. (169) record - (the number of wins versus losses and ties a team has had; 'at 9-0 they have the best record in their league')`
Super-classes	PerformanceRecord^c
Restrictions	isaRepresentationOf^op value Win^c isaRepresentationOf^op min 0 isaRepresentationOf^op value LosingaContest^c

Wince^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wince`
Description	A 'Wince' is a 'FacialExpression' that can express a perception of a sudden sharp pain,or a reaction to some event of disgust or dislike. The Appearance of this type of expression varies somewhat from person to Person. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wince' in WordNet: 1. wince - (the facial expression of sudden pain)
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Dislike^c

Wincing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wincing`
Description	''Wincing'' is making a ''Wince'' (a 'FacialExpression') that can express a perception of a sudden sharp pain,or a reaction to some event of disgust or dislike. The Appearance of this type of expression varies somewhat from person to Person. . Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wince' in WordNet: 2. (1) wince - (make a face indicating disgust or dislike; 'She winced when she heard his pompous speech')
Super-classes	FacialExpression^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Wince^c

Wind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wind`
Description	COSMO note: modified from Cyc, this is an Event in which an air current blows for some interval of time. The Corresponding FunctionalProcess is ''AirCurrent''. This is for a wind of any strength, and includes the gentle subype ''Breze'' and the strong subtype ''Gale''. NOTE: a range of values for a ''Wind'' may be represented as an instance of ''BandOfValues''. @ToDo: explicitly represent a 'range of speeds'?? @ToDo: represent the force on an object caused by Wind? Called 'WindProcess' in Cyc A specialization of both #$ImmediateWeatherProcess and #$FluidFlow-Translation. Each instance of #$WindProcess is an event in which the ambient air (or some significant part of the ambient air) at a #$GeographicalRegion is in motion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind' in WordNet: 1. (29) wind, air current, current of air - (air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; 'trees bent under the fierce winds'; 'when there is no wind, row'; 'the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmosphere')
Super-classes	FluidFlow-Translation^c ImmediateWeatherProcess^c
Restrictions	hasAttributeValue^op some AverageSpeed^c hasCorrespondingProcess^op value AirCurrent^c hasSalientAttributeType^op value Speed^c
Sub-classes	Gale^c WindStorm^c Gust^c TornadoAsEvent^c DestructiveWind^c NonDestructiveWind^c HurricaneAsEvent^c

WindChimes^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindChimes

Description

A set of ''Chimes'', a ''PercussionInstrument'', consisting of several tubes hung vertically and placed outdoors to make a pleasant ringing sound when the wind blows. used in an Orchestra.

       In CYC 'Windchime'.

     RHW: an arrangement of bells, bamboo pipes, or glass or ceramic fragments 
        hung so as to strike each other and tinkle when moved by the wind or,
        in orchestration, touched by the hand.

      The possible types of individual chiming pieces are hard to represent in
        a parent type like this.  Needs subtypes if specific kinds are
        to be represented.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind chime' in WordNet:
          1. wind chime, wind bell - (a decorative arrangement
          of pieces of metal or glass or pottery that hang together loosely so the wind can cause them to tinkle)

Super-classes Chimes^c

WindDirection^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindDirection`
Description	A ''WindDirection'' is an OrientationMeasure indicating the direction in which the ''Wind'' is blowing..
Super-classes	OrientationMeasure^c

WindEnergy^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindEnergy

Description

energy of the atmosphere in motion. Can be harnessed by windmills, turbines...

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind power' in WordNet:
         1. wind generation, wind power - (power derived from the wind (as by windmills))

Super-classes MechanicalEnergy^c
RenewableEnergy^c

WindInstrument-Musical^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindInstrument-Musical`
Description	Musical instruments into which one blows air to produce a sound. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind instrument' in WordNet: 1. wind instrument, wind - (a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by an enclosed column of air that is moved by the breath)`
Super-classes	Device-SingleUser^c MusicalInstrument-Acoustic^c
Sub-classes	WoodwindInstrument^c BrassInstrument^c Free-ReedInstrument^c

WindInstrumentMouthpiece^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindInstrumentMouthpiece`
Description	A ''WindInstrumentMouthpiece'' is a ''Mouthpiece'' that allows a Person to blow into a ''WindInstrument-Musical'' while ''PlayingaWindInstrument''. `Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'mouthpiece' in WordNet: 6. mouthpiece, embouchure - (the aperture of a wind instrument into which the player blows directly)`
Super-classes	Mouthpiece^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value PlayingaWindInstrument^c

WindPoweredDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindPoweredDevice`
Description	$WindPoweredDevice is a specialization of `#$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$WindPoweredDevice is powered by the wind. Specializations of #$WindPoweredDevice include #$Windmill and #$Sailboat.`
Super-classes	KineticEnergyPoweredDevice^c Device^c
Restrictions	usesEnergySource^op value Wind^c
Sub-classes	Kite^c Sailboat^c WindSurfboard^c Windmill^c

WindStorm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindStorm`
Description	A ''WindStorm'' is a ''StormAsEvent'' predominantly characterized by high winds, possibly with some minor precipitation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windstorm' in Wordnet: 1. windstorm - (a storm consisting of violent winds)`
Super-classes	Wind^c StormAsEvent^c
Sub-classes	Blizzard^c Whirlwind^c Cyclone^c

WindSurfboard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindSurfboard`
Description	A ''WindSurfboard'' is a Device that has a buoyant support board like a ''Surfboard'', with a single ''Mast'' supporting a ''Sail'' so that the ''WindSurfboard'' can support a Person and
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c SportsEquipment^c Device^c SupportingObject^c Device-UserControlled^c WindPoweredDevice^c Device-SingleUser^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Sail^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value WindSurfing^c hasComponentPart^op value Mast^c hasComponentPart^op value Surfboard^c

WindSurfing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindSurfing`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'windsurf' in WordNet: 1. windsurf - (ride standing on a surfboard with an attached sail, on water; 'You cannot windsurf when the air is completely still')`
Super-classes	MovingOnTheWaterSurface^c AthleticActivity^c WaterSportActivity^c
Restrictions	occursOnTheSurfaceOf^op value BodyOfWater^c usesDeviceType^op value WindSurfboard^c requiresResource^op value Wind^c occursAt^op value Shoreline^c

Windfall^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Windfall`
Description	A ''Windfall'' is an ''Occurrence'' that is fortunate and ''Unexpected''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'windfall' in WordNet: 2. boom, bonanza, gold rush, gravy, godsend, manna from heaven, windfall, bunce - (a sudden happening that brings good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money); "the demand for testing has created a boom for those unregulated laboratories where boxes of specimen jars are processed like an assembly line")`
Super-classes	GoodLuckEvent^c Occurrence^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Pleasure^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unexpected^c

Windiness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Windiness`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$Quantity-Weather and #$Speed. Each instance of #$Windiness is a measure of how windy it is in a particular #$OutdoorLocation. At the low extreme (#$NoAmountFn #$Windiness), it is calm. At the high extreme (#$VeryHighAmountFn #$Windiness) The wind is moving extremely fast. To attribute a particular wind speed (e.g. 35 m.p.h.) use #$ambientWindSpeed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windiness' in WordNet: 1. breeziness, windiness - (a mildly windy state of the air)`
Super-classes	ImmediateWeatherProcess^c EnvironmentalCondition^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Windy^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Windy^c

Winding^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Winding

Description

Being ''Winding'' is to be ''Curved'' in more than one section, so as to have multiple ''Curve''s.

       NOTE: 'voluminous' is too specialized, for coils; this is for paths.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'winding' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) tortuous, twisting, twisty, winding, voluminous -
             (marked by repeated turns and bends; "a tortuous road up the mountain";
             "winding roads are full of surprises"; "had to steer the car down a twisty track")

Super-classes Curved^c

WindingSomethingOntoaSpool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindingSomethingOntoaSpool`
Description	Each'WindingSomethingOntoaSpool' is an Event in which some sheet or cord-like object iw wound around a cylindrical shaft; this can be done for various purposes, usually as a means of storing some material compactly for later use. Note winding a string into a ball is not an instance of this type. For winding up a CoiledSpring, use 'WindingUpaSpring'. Linguistically, this kind of Event is signalled by a phrase such as 'wound around' or 'wound onto'; but 'wound around' can also be used for winding string or wrap arund bundles that are not SPools, so this clue is not definitive. In cyc called 'WindingProcess' CYC The collection of #$WindingProcesses by which a 1 or 2 dimensional object is wrapped around a solid object over and over. If this is done by rotation of the spool around its axis, the more specific term, #$Reeling, should be used. Note that this is distinct from the process of winding a watch (which is a type of #$CoilTightening), since the coil being wound already encircles the center post. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'wind' in WordNet: 3. (2) wind, wrap, roll, twine - (wrap or coil around; 'roll your hair around your finger'; 'Twine the thread around the spool')
Super-classes	Compacting^c ShapingSomething^c PuttingSomethingSomewhere^c Motion^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op value Spool^c hadObjectModified^op some SpoolableObject^c
Sub-classes	ReelingSomethingOnOrOffaSpool^c

WindingUpaSpring^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindingUpaSpring`
Description	Each 'WindingUpaSpring' requires rotary torque and storese energy in the wound coil. `@ToDo: represent the energy expended and stored? Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'wind' in WordNet: 5. wind, wind up - (coil the spring of (some mechanical device) by turning a stem; 'wind your watch')`
Super-classes	Motion^c ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial^c Compacting^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op some CoiledSpring^c

Windmill^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Windmill`
Description	An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory and a specialization of #$WindPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Windmill is a #$Tower with multiple rotating #$Vanes mounted on it, used for #$GeneratingPower from the wind (see #$WindProcess). `@ToDo: power generators are 'wind turbines' and the ''GenericVane'' should be replaced by a more specific Windmill vane. SUMO: Windmill is the subclass of Engines that produce mechanical power from Wind energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windmill' in Wordnet: 1. (1) windmill - (a mill that is powered by the wind)`
Super-classes	Engine^c Tower^c WindPoweredDevice^c
Restrictions	hasPhysicalPart^op value GenericVane^c hasDesignFunction^op value Grinding^c

Window^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Window`
Description	COSMO a Window is the solid, sheetlike, usually planar but possibly curved object that forms the barrier in the opening called a 'WindowPortal', which in Cyc and COSMO is a type of 'Portal'. A 'Window' includes both the glass (or plastic) and the frame in which the glass is set. The glass is a WindowPane, and there may be more than one WindowPane in a Window. A screen in a Window opening is not a Window. NOTE that a 'Window' may be made of stained glass, therefore is not necessarily 'transparent', as suggested by the CYC and SUMO descriptions. Cyc: (WindowThePortalCovering) The physical object which 'covers' or fills in the #$WindowPortal. It is a physical barrier, but because it is made primarily of glass, it allows light to enter. SUMO An Artifact composed of transparent glass or plastic that admits light (and possibly air) into a Room, Building or Vehicle. Approximately the same as sense 2 of 'Window' in WordNet, but is not necessarily transparent and is not necessarily made of glass, and this includes the frame (if any) into which the WindowPane is set, but does not include any part of the structure of the wall. in WordNet: 1. (72) window - (a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air) 2. (6) window - (a transparent opening in a vehicle that allows vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened)
Super-classes	Wall-GenericBarrier^c ConstructionArtifact^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c SheetOfSomeStuff^c PortalCovering^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasPhysicalPart^op value WindowPane^c isNormallyLocatedAt^op value WindowPortal^c
Sub-classes	LargeWindow^c StainedGlassWindow^c Skylight^c VehicleWindow^c

WindowCurtain^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindowCurtain`
Description	CYC: The collection of hanging, cloth window coverings - curtains, drapes, etc. NOTE: this is for the covering of one window,and may be in two or three pieces. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curtain' in WordNet: 1. (6) curtain, drape, drapery, mantle, pall - (hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window))`
Super-classes	Curtain^c PortalCovering^c FabricObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToCover^op value Window^c

WindowFrame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindowFrame`
Description	A ''WindowFrame'' is the part of a Building that holds a ''Window''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'window frame' in WordNet: 1. window frame - (the framework that supports a window)
Super-classes	Frame^c Holder^c PlanarObject^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToSupport^op value Window^c http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#isaComponentPartOf value Building^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c isDesignedToHold^op value Window^c

WindowLedge^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindowLedge`
Description	WindowLedge is the horizontal surface either on the outside or inside of the lower part of a window portal. This is restricted to horizontal window ledges, that can hold things like flower pots, and is not applicable to sloping window ledges that cannot serve as a supporting surface for non-attached objects. `the only sense of 'ledge' in WN is for natural formations. This sense is closer to sense 1 in RHW: 1. a relatively narrow, projecting part, as a horizontal, shelflike projection on a wall or a raised edge on a tray. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windowsill' in WordNet: 1. (1) windowsill - (the sill of a window; the horizontal member at the bottom of the window frame)`
Super-classes	Shelf^c Sill^c
Restrictions	isTheBottomPartOf^op value WindowPortal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Horizontal^c

WindowPane^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindowPane`
Description	CYC: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleProduct and #$ConstructionArtifact. Each instance of this collection is a sheet of transparent material (usually made of glass, but could be plastic or isinglass (mica)) in a #$WindowPortal. These days, a window generally has just one window pane. `COSMO note: this is the 'window' that is referred to in phrases such as 'broke the window'. This is a 'Transparent' single window pane - church windows with stained glass and windows made of shaped sections with lead connections are not included. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'window' and sense 1 of 'windowpane' in WordNet: 6. windowpane, window - (a pane of glass in a window; 'the ball shattered the window')`
Super-classes	ConstructionArtifact^c TransparentPlate^c DeviceWithNoMovingParts^c
Restrictions	typicallyHasAttribute^op value Transparent^c isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Window^c

WindowPortal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindowPortal`
Description	COSMO note: this type is for window openings in both buildings and vehicles. For specifically the openings in buildings, use 'BuildingWindow'. For the transparent glass or plastic that covers a WindowPortal, use 'Window'. `CYC: #$WindowPortal is a specialization of #$Portal and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$WindowPortal is a portal found in a human occupation construct, typically covered by some instance of #$WindowThePortalCovering (q.v.). Corresponds to noun senses 7 of 'window' in WordNet: 7. window - (an opening in the wall of a building (usually to admit light and air); 'he stuck his head in the window')`
Super-classes	Portal^c CavityWithWalls^c SpaceInAHOC^c
Sub-classes	BuildingWindow^c

WindowScreen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindowScreen`
Description	A #$WindowPortal may have one of two types of PortalCoverings: #$WindowThePortalCovering or #$WindowScreen. Both are physical barriers, unlike a #$WindowCovering which blocks light. A #$WindowScreen is a sheet of screen with a frame around it. It is often a removable fixture. `NOTE: the 'sheet of screen' CYC mentions is a ''Screen'' (a piece of ''Screening''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'window screen' in WordNet: 1. window screen - (screen to keep insects from entering a building through the open window)`
Super-classes	PortalCovering^c PhysicalFilter^c PartOfBuilding^c
Restrictions	hasComponentPart^op value Screen^c

WindowSeat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindowSeat`
Description	A ''WindowSeat'' is any ''Bench''that is built in to a structure (usually in a residence) just in front of and below a ''Window''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'window seat in WordNet: 1. window seat - (a bench or similar seat built into a window recess)`
Super-classes	FurniturePiece^c Bench^c Fixture^c
Restrictions	isBelow^op value Window^c isInFrontOf^op value Window^c isDesignedToSupport^op value GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople^c isLocatedAt^op value Window^c isInsideOf^op value Building^c

WindowShutter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WindowShutter`
Description	A ''WindowShutter'' is a ''PortalCovering'' attached to the outside of a ''Window'' that keeps out light and protects the Window from outside objects that might fly into it in a ''Gale''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shutter' in WordNet: 2. (5) shutter - (a hinged blind for a window)`
Super-classes	PartOfBuilding^c PortalCovering^c
Restrictions	isAttachedTo^op value WindowFrame^c

Windshield^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Windshield

Description

COSMO: a Window located in front of the the driver, or front passenger, in a vehicle. Not restricted to cars.

    @ToDo - specify located in front

    SUMO: Any VehicleWindow which located at the front 
       of an Automobile.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windshield' in WordNet:  
       1. (3) windshield, windscreen - (transparent screen (as of glass)
          to protect occupants of a vehicle)

Super-classes VehicleWindow^c

Windsock^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Windsock`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windsock' in WordNet: 1. windsock, wind sock, sock, air sock, air-sleeve, wind sleeve, wind cone, drogue - (a truncated cloth cone mounted on a mast; used (e.g., at airports) to show the direction of the wind)`
Super-classes	DisplayDevice^c MeasuringDevice^c
Restrictions	isSupportedBy^op value Pole^c isLocatedAt^op value TopOfaPole^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Cloth^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value WindDirection^c hasTheShapeOfa^op value TruncatedCone^c

Windy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Windy`
Description	A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having significant gusts or continuous ''Wind''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windy' in WordNet: 1. (2) blowy, breezy, windy - (abounding in or exposed to the wind or breezes; 'blowy weather'; 'a windy bluff')`
Super-classes	WeatherAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Stormy^c Breezy^c Gusty^c

Wine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wine`
Description	SUMO: An AlcoholicBeverage that is prepared by fermenting the juice of grapes. `Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wine' in WordNet - resstricted to wine made from grapes: in WordNet: 1. (9) wine, vino - (fermented juice (of grapes especially))`
Super-classes	AlcoholicBeverage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fermented^c isDerivedFrom^op value GrapeJuice^c isDerivedFrom^op value Grape^c
Sub-classes	SparklingWine^c WhiteWine^c FortifiedWine^c BlushWine^c RedWine^c Muscatel^c

WineBottle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WineBottle`
Description	Bottle in which wine is packaged and stored. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wine bottle' in WordNet: 1. wine bottle - (a bottle for holding wine)`
Super-classes	FoodVessel^c GlassBottle^c
Sub-classes	ChampagneBottle^c

WineCooler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WineCooler`
Description	A ''Cooler'' of 'wine cooler' (not to be confused with an ice bucket) is a sweetish mildly alcoholic beverage usually served with ice in it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cooler' in WordNet: 2. cooler - (an iced drink especially white wine and fruit juice)`
Super-classes	AlcoholicBeverage^c Mixture^c
Restrictions	hasComponentSubstance^op value Wine^c hasComponentSubstance^op value FruitJuice^c

WineGlass^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WineGlass

Description

Distinctively-shaped glass used for drinking wine.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wine glass' in WordNet:
         1. (1) wineglass - (a glass that has a stem and in which wine is served)

Super-classes DrinkingGlass^c

WineObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WineObject`
Description	A ''WineObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' consisting mostly or saliently of some quantity of ''Wine''. A full ''BottleOfWine' would typically have Wine as its main constituent substance (by weight), but the glass content of a half-empty bottle might weigh more than the remaining contents. Nevertheless that bottle with its remaining contents would still be an instance of this type. When the Wine becomes a small fraction of the weight, the bottle plus contents no longer would be an instance, though the contained wine would.
Super-classes	PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wine^c
Sub-classes	BottleOfWine^c

WineVintage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WineVintage`
Description	This takes as value the Year during which a particular ottle or batch of Wine was produced. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vintage' in WordNet: 2. vintage, time of origin - (the oldness of wines)`
Super-classes	Year^c
Restrictions	isTheCreationTimeOf^op value WineObject^c

Winery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Winery`
Description	A ''Winery'' is any place where one of the main functions is to create ''Wine'' This is usually at a fatory of some kind,but can be small, as in a garage of a basement, but has to be one of the major activities and done there more than occasonally. NOTE: this is a building or building part, so the large farms where grapes are grown and wine is made, or the companies that make wine are not included in this type. In CYC a ''Winery'' is a Company, Therefore this is note close to the CYC meaning. CYC: A collection of organization, a specialization of #$FoodProcessingEstablishment. Instances of #$Winery are producing wine [#$Wine]. These are not necessarily, but may, also be instances of #$Vineyard. Corresponds approximately in part to noun sense 1 of 'winery' in WordNet - but ''Wine'' is not made by distilling so the WN parent is incorrect.: in WordNet: 1. winery, wine maker - (distillery where wine is made)
Super-classes	Building^c ShelterConstruction^c
Restrictions	createsObject^op value Wine^c usesResource^op value Vineyard^c

Wing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wing`
Description	The forelimbs of birds and bats, homologous to the human arm; used for flying through the air, except for the case of flightless birds.. not for airplane wings. This includes Wings that have been removed from a Bird, and cooked; see 'CookedWingOfFowl'. This is also used for the ''Wing''s of a mythical or fictional creature. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wing' in WordNet: 1. (8) wing - (a movable organ for flying (one of a pair))`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c AnimalBodyPart^c
Sub-classes	CookedWingOfFowl^c

WingOfaBuilding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WingOfaBuilding`
Description	Each 'WingOfaBuilding' is part of a Building that is directly connected to the main building, but could be a complete structure in itself, ground to top floors. `Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'wing' in WordNet: 9. annex, annexe, extension, wing - (an addition that extends a main building)`
Super-classes	ManufacturedGoods^c AirplanePart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Building^c

Winged^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Winged

Description

''Winged" is the attribute of an Animal that has one or more ''Wings'' (a ''GroupOfWings'') - typically a Bird or Insect.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'winged' in Wordnet:
          1. winged - (having wings or as if having wings of a specified kind; 
                 'the winged feet of Mercury';)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Winking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Winking

Description

'''Winking'' is a 'ClosingEyes'' in which one eye is closed briely, usually as a form of signal. This is often an involuntary reflex, but can be done voluntarily.

         Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wink' in WordNet:
           1. (10) wink - (signal by winking; 'She winked at him')

Super-classes ClosingEyes^c

Winner^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Winner`
Description	A 'Winner' is a 'Contestant' who won a ConflictEvent. For cases where there are multiple Winners of equal status (ties for first, or a member of a winning team), the 'Winner' can be a Group of agents. This is for the winner of any particular contest: one who wins second place.will be the winner of the contest for second place. For multiple prize contests, a first-pace Winner sould be a subtype (not yet r851 represented) `Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'winner' and senses 1 and 2 of 'victor' in WordNet: 1. (2) winner, victor - - (the contestant who wins the contest) 2. winner - - (a gambler who wins a bet) WN 'victor': 1. (1) victor, master, superior - - (a combatant who is able to defeat rivals) 2. winner, victor - - (the contestant who wins the contest)`
Super-classes	Contestant^c
Restrictions	wasTheAgentInAction^op some WinningaContest^c
Sub-classes	Victor^c Champion^c Medalist^c

WinningAnAward^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WinningAnAward`
Description	''WinningAnAward''is the act of being awarded something, reciprocal of ''AwardingAnHonor''. This is for 'winning' an award that is given only to one or a few people each year (or other longer time interval), selected by some GroupOfPeople from a group of 'candidates'. Examples are a Nobel Prize, an Academy Award, a Fields Medal, or something else symbolizing a notable achievement. `This is not a 'winning a contest', since the achievement symbolized is not intended to be part of a competition with losers,but achieving something good in itself.`
Super-classes	ReceivingAnObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some AwardType^c hasReciprocalEvent^op value AwardingAnHonor^c
Sub-classes	WinningaMedal^c

WinningScore^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WinningScore`
Description	A ''WinningScore'' is an Integer that is the FinalScore for the Winner of a ''DualScoreEvent''.
Super-classes	IndividualScore^c
Restrictions	isOwnedBy^op some Winner^c

WinningaCardGame^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WinningaCardGame`
Description	''WinningaCardGame'' is a ''WinningaContest'' in which the Contest is a ''PlayingACardGame''.
Super-classes	WinningaContest^c
Restrictions	isTheEndingSubEventOf^op value PlayingACardGame^c

WinningaContest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WinningaContest`
Description	'WinningaContest' is a broad sense of 'winning' including winning at trivial games, winning a war, winning a court case, or winning some prize in a lottery. There appears to be no such general type in OpenCyc, but some more specialized types (comments below) are included in this COSMO type. NOTE that one can 'win' one subevent of an extended contest, and still lose the whole contest. This sense of 'WinningaContest' applies to any discrete and identifiable segment of a contest or a whole contest. It does not include the notion of 'being in a winning position', and therefore is not applied to phrases such as 'he is winning his game'. Only a completed contest (including discrete battles that are part of a war) can be represented by this COSMO type. NOTE also that 'WinningaContest' is represented as part of a larger ConflictEvent, and therefore is not an instantaneous Event, but includes some part of the ConflictEvent preceding its actual terminating time point. 'WinningaContest' is also represented as being caused by a ConflictEvent, which somewhat stretches the usual meaning of 'cause' (if it were an object, it would be the result of a ConflictEvent). Cyc: ('Winning') A collection of collections. Each instance of #$Winning is a collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are in a winning position in some conflict event. When a participant is winning, it generally means that some advantage is held over the opponent(s) in the conflict, even if the advantage is only temporary. Instances of this collection will usually be functionally denoted using #$WinningFn. For instance, (#$WinningFn WAR) denotes the collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that were in a winning position throughout WAR. Cyc: 'WinningAGamePortion': Winning one portion of a game that is divided up into smaller games, bouts, or sets. For example, winning a set of tennis or a bout in fencing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'win', and verb sense 1 of 'triumph' and noun sense 1 of 'victory' and sense 1 of 'triumph' in WordNet: 1. (262) win - (be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious; 'He won the Gold Medal in skating'; 'Our home team won'; 'Win the game') WN verb 'triumph': 1. (1) prevail, triumph - (prove superior; 'The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight') WN noun 'victory': 1. (42) victory, triumph - (a successful ending of a struggle or contest; 'a narrow victory'; 'the general always gets credit for his army's victory'; 'clinched a victory'; 'convincing victory'; 'the agreement was a triumph for common sense')
Super-classes	ConflictEvent^c GoodThing^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op value WinningaMedal^c isTheEndingSubEventOf^op some ConflictEvent^c isGoodFor^op some Winner^c isPerformedBy^op some Winner^c wasCausedBy^op some ConflictEvent^c
Sub-classes	PrevailingoverAnOpponent^c DefeatingAnOpponent^c WinningaCardGame^c

WinningaMedal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WinningaMedal`
Description	''WinningaMedal'' is a ''WinningAnAward'' in which the ''Award'' includes some form of ''Medal'' and possibly other tangible or intangible Awards, such as money or rank. .Examples are a Nobel Prize or a Fields Medal. `NOTE: this Action isCausedBy ''WinningaContest''. The NobelPrize is a borderline case, as the winners may not even be aware that they have been nominated (most are aware), but it is a choice among possible winners, so the deliberations of the NobelPrize committes are considered as contest for this situation. Some other 'prizes' may be similar in not being direct conscious competition. The 'Oscar' of an Academy Award is not a ''Medal''.`
Super-classes	WinningAnAward^c
Restrictions	hadObjectObtained^op some Medal^c isCausedBy^op value WinningaContest^c isPerformedBy^op value Medalist^c

WinterCoat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WinterCoat`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Coats worn as #$OuterGarments. One of the main functions of the #$WinterCoat is to protect its wearer against the cold.
Super-classes	Coat^c WarmClothingItem^c
Sub-classes	Parka^c

WinterSeason^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WinterSeason

Description

The SeasonOfYear that begins at the winter solstice and ends at the spring equinox.

    Cyc: A specialization of #$ColdSeason.  In the
        #$TemperateClimateCycle, generally a time of cold and
        dormancy.  #$WinterSeason represents the climatic aspects of
        Winter; for its purely temporal aspects, see #$CalendarWinter.

Super-classes ColdSeason^c

Wiping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wiping`
Description	Rubbing a cloth, towel, paper towel, sponge, or other soft object over a (smooth) surface for the purpose of removing material from the surface of an Object. `This is usually done with something in the hand, but can be done by a machine, so 'usedBodyPart' cannot be a restriction here, perhaps a subtype 'HandDrying'?? In CYC called 'WipingSomething'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'wipe' in Wordnet, but a 'circular motion' is not necessary: in WordNet: 1. (17) wipe, pass over - (rub with a circular motion; 'wipe the blackboard'; 'He passed his hands over the soft cloth')`
Super-classes	ActionOnObject^c CleaningaSurfaceEvent^c Rubbing^c
Sub-classes	DryingByWiping^c WipingTheAnus^c

WipingTheAnus^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WipingTheAnus`
Description	''WipingTheAnus'' is an action taken to clean the skin around the anus after defecating.
Super-classes	Wiping^c
Restrictions	typicallyFollows^op value Defecating^c hadObjectCleaned^op value Anus^c

Wire^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wire`
Description	Wire is the Type of which all instances are pieces of wire - this is a category of physical objects, not of substances. For wire as a substance, use 'WireStuff'. Cyc: A collection of physical devices, namely all the slender stringlike pieces of metal, with or without insulative casing. Various instances of #$Wire are designed for and serve many different functions: connecting, carrying electrical power and/or electrically coded information, heat or light radiation, etc. Pieces of wire may be coated with insulation (instances of #$InsulatingCover). Wires not intended to carry electricity are still instances of this collection; e.g., wires that are used in a piano, in a person's dental braces, etc. SUMO: A long, thin strand of Metal that is used in a wide range of applications, including the wiring of electrical systems, creating bundles and the construction of cages. includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'wire' in WordNet: 1. (15) wire - (ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc) 2. (5) wire, conducting wire - (a metal conductor that carries electricity over a distance)
Super-classes	CordlikeObject^c Device^c Artifact-NonAgentive^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op some WireType^c
Sub-classes	ElectricalWire^c Staple^c Link^c Barb^c Pin^c PictureWire^c PaperClip^c

WireGauge^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WireGauge

Description

A ''WireGauge'' is a Diameter of a ''Wire'' that is expressed in units of measure specific to wires.

     Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'gauge' in WordNet:
       4. gauge - (the thickness of wire)

Super-classes Diameter^c

WireStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WireStuff`
Description	WireStuff is a Substance consisting of some Metal in a filamentous shape. Every piece of Wire is made of some WireStuff. Wire can be fairly rigid, as in 'wire nail', a nail made from WireStuff. `For an object made of WireStuff, use 'Wire'`
Super-classes	ArtificialSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c Metal^c SubstanceInaSpecificShape^c
Sub-classes	ConductingWire^c SteelWire^c InsulatedWire^c

WireType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WireType`
Description	WireType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of wire and an argument restriction for the relations on chemical elements. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.
Super-classes	SubstanceShapeType^c SubstanceType^c
Members	ConductingWire WireStuff CopperWire SteelWire BarbWire

Wireless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wireless`
Description	This attribute ''Wireless'' is an attribute for anything that does not have or use a ''Wire''. For the meaning of 'wireless' used in electronic devices that communicate by radio waves, use ''OverTheAir''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wireless' in Wordnet: 1. wireless - (having no wires; 'a wireless security system')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	OverTheAir^c

WirelessCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WirelessCommunication`
Description	CYC: The collection of communication events in which the information is carried by radio waves. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wireless' in WordNet: 1. radio, radiocommunication, wireless - (medium for communication) 2. wireless - (transmission by radio waves)`
Super-classes	Telecommunication^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value RadioWaveTransmission^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value OverTheAir^c usesDeviceType^op value WirelessCommunicationDevice^c

WirelessCommunicationDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WirelessCommunicationDevice`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$CommunicationDevices in which the communication signals are either not transmitted or not received entirely over a wire.
Super-classes	ElectronicDevice^c CommunicationDevice^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wireless^c enablesOrAssists^op value WirelessCommunication^c isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value WirelessCommunication^c
Sub-classes	Transmitter^c CellularTelephone^c ReceiverDevice^c SatelliteTransmitter^c RemoteControlDevice^c Pager^c

Wiretapping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wiretapping`
Description	If not done by a government agency with proper authorization, ''Wiretapping'' is usually illegal. `NOTE: this is for intercepting any form of communication using an electrical device, including wireless. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wiretap' in WordNet: 1. wiretap, tap, intercept, bug - (tap a telephone or telegraph wire to get information; 'The FBI was tapping the phone line of the suspected spy'; 'Is this hotel room bugged?') WN noun 'wiretap': 1. wiretap, tap - (the act of tapping a telephone or telegraph line to get information)`
Super-classes	Eavesdropping^c
Restrictions	mayHaveAttribute^op value Illegal^c usesDeviceType^op value CommunicationDevice^c

WiringSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WiringSystem`
Description	A ''WiringSystem'' is a Group of two or more ''ElectricalWire''s arranged to transmit current (and voltage) within some larger ''FunctionalSystem''. This includes long-distance power transmission systems (e.g. subtype ''ElectricPowerGrid''), indoor electrical wiring, and the wiring inside electrical and electronic devices. `NOTE: in WodrNet the parent is an ''ElectricCircuit', but this type may have many more than one ElectricCircuit in it, and includes ''ElectricCircuit'' as a component rather than a parent type.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wiring' in WordNet: 1. wiring - (a circuit of wires for the distribution of electricity)`
Super-classes	CurrentTransmittingDevice^c ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value ElectricCircuit^c hasComponentObjectType^op min 2
Sub-classes	ElectricPowerGrid^c

Wiry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wiry

Description

''Wiry'' characterizes People who are very 'Lean', but have strong muscles.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wiry' in Wordnet:
         1. (4) stringy, wiry - (lean and sinewy)

Super-classes Brawny^c
Lean^c

Wisdom^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wisdom`
Description	'Wisdom' is some body of Knowledge derived from Experience (at least two Events) that includes not only some set of facts, but additional knowledge about how those facts can be applied to guide Action so as to avoid making mistakes. This interpretation of 'Wisdom' is used to distinguish this type logically from other types of knowledge. `For the human Trait of being Wise, use 'Wiseness' - habitual Wise behavior. Someone exhibiting 'Wiseness' will typically have 'Wisdom' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wisdom' in WordNet: 1. (5) wisdom - (accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment)`
Super-classes	Knowledge^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value ProbablyTrue^c isProducedByEventType^op min 2

Wise^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wise`
Description	The attribute of someone who is 'Knowledgeable' about some Topic and also uses that Knowledge to exhibit 'Wiseness', acting habitually in a Wise manner. It is an attribute of people characterizing the manner in which people behave, specifically behaving in a manner showing forethought and understanding of the consequences of an action; of actions, well considered and likely to achieve the intended result.Just having a lot of knowledge does not make one Wise - using that knowledge so as to avoid making mistakes is the criterion for this type. `To characterize acts that exhibit Wisdom, use 'Judicious'. NOTE that in the WordNet gloss 'a wise and perceptive comment' would be characterized as 'judicious' in the COSMO, because a communication is an Action, not a Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wise' in WordNet, pertaining to People: in WordNet: 1. (13) wise - (having or prompted by wisdom or discernment; 'a wise leader'; 'a wise and perceptive comment')`
Super-classes	Knowledgeable^c BehaviorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Prudent^c Tactful^c

WiseAct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WiseAct`
Description	Each 'WiseAct' is an Action that exhibits that the actor has ''Wiseness'' (=Wisdom); the act itself has the attribute 'Judicious'. It is a subtype of 'HelpingAnAgent' because a Wise act is one that avoids making mistakes, and that helps avoid harm; the agent helped could be the agent performing the act. `NOTE that the restriction that the agent is 'Wise' means only in this respect. The same agent can do something foolish (a ''FoolishAct'') in a different situation. The restriction indicates that the agent of this action is ''Wise'', at least during the performance of this act (which does not necessarily entail ''Wisdom'' as a trait). (e.g. 'it was a wise to do that')`
Super-classes	HelpingAnAgent^c
Restrictions	agentHasAttribute^op value Wise^c hasAttributeValue^op value Judicious^c
Sub-classes	WiseChoosing^c

WiseChoosing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WiseChoosing`
Description	Each 'WiseChoosing' is a 'Choosing' that exhibits Wisdom, i.e. is 'Judicious'. Each 'WiseChoosing' produces some 'CorrectChoice'. A choosing situation may have more than one 'Correct' choice; usually there is some incorrect choice, but there may be no difference in outcomes or even in probability of outcomes when information is scanty; but to be a 'WiseChoosing' there should be at least one poor choice that would produce an inferior outcome (from the perspecttive of the one who is to benefit from the Choosing). `A 'WiseChoosing' is 'Judicious' (the COSMO term meaning 'Wise' for actions). Each instance of this type inherits the 'Judicious' attribute from 'WiseAct'.`
Super-classes	Choosing^c WiseAct^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some CorrectChoice^c

Wisely^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wisely`
Description	`Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'wisely' in Wordnet: 1. (2) wisely, sagely - (in a wise manner; 'she acted wisely when she invited her parents')`
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Wiseness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wiseness`
Description	A 'Wiseness' is a 'PersonTrait' (a Trait) of those who often or habitually behave in a Wise manner, i.e. perform WiseActs, or give wise (sage) advice, or exercise 'GoodJudgment'. A large store of useful knowledge is represented as 'Wisdom'. Someone exhibiting 'Wiseness' will typically have 'Wisdom' A Subtype (distinguishable?) would be 'GoodJudgment' (a term used because 'Judgment' is being used to refer to an act of judging) Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'wiseness' and senses 2 and 4 of 'wisdom' in WordNet: 1. wisdom, wiseness, soundness - (the quality of being prudent and sensible) 2. wisdom, wiseness - (the trait of utilizing knowledge and experience with common sense and insight)
Super-classes	PersonalityTrait^c
Sub-classes	GoodJudgment^c

Wish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wish`
Description	A 'Wish' is a DirectedFeeling in some ways similar to a 'Desire' in that it is directed toward some Situation that the agent would like to see occur. However, a Wish can relate to some past event, not only to some FutureEvent (instance of 'FutureSituation'). ('I wish that she hadn't done that'). I is also less likely that a Wish will lead to some Action than that a Desire will do so - a Wish can be fairly abstract and weak, not closely related to the main interests of an agent: ('I wish that China would quit censoring the internet'). A wish that is expressed explicitly in language is represented as a ' For the sense of 'wish' directed toward a FutureSituation, use 'Desire'. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 4 of 'wish' in WordNet: 2. (2) wish, indirect request - (an expression of some desire or inclination; 'I could tell that it was his wish that the guests leave'; 'his crying was an indirect request for attention') 4. wish - (the particular preference that you have; 'it was his last wish'; 'they should respect the wishes of the people')
Super-classes	Desire^c
Restrictions	hasDesiredSituation^op some SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	Aspiration^c

WispOfHair^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WispOfHair`
Description	A ''WispOfStrands'' is a small ''TuftOfStrands'' in which the hair is growing thinly. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wisp' in WordNet: 1. (1) wisp - (a small tuft or lock; 'wisps of hair')`
Super-classes	TuftOfStrands^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

WispOfaPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WispOfaPerson`
Description	'This ''Pygmy'' is a ''SmallPerson'' who is also ''Slender''. This is most ofen used to describe women. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wisp' in WordNet: 2. wisp - (a small person; 'a mere wisp of a girl')`
Super-classes	SmallPerson^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c

Wistful^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wistful`
Description	''Wistful'' is the attribute of a Person who is thinking in a slightly sad way, as of someone recalling good times or friendships of the past that can no longer be enjoyed. 'Memories of the way we were' `RHW: 1. characterized by melancholy; longing; yearning. 2. pensive, esp. in a melancholy way. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wistful' in Wordnet: 1. pensive, wistful - (showing pensive sadness; 'the sensitive and wistful response of a poet to the gentler phases of beauty')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Nostalgic^c

Wistfulness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wistfulness`
Description	''Wistfulness'' is a ''Longing'' to return to some past situation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wistfulness' in WordNet: 1. wistfulness - (a sadly pensive longing)`
Super-classes	Longing^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Wistful^c
Sub-classes	Nostalgia^c

Witch^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Witch`
Description	The classic evil 'witch', old, ugly, and in league with the Devil, as in the 'Wizard of Oz' 'wicked witch of the west'. `This is mythical as Witches performing real Witchcraft do not exist in the Real World. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'witch' in WordNet: 2. (2) witch - (a being (usually female) imagined to have special powers derived from the devil)`
Super-classes	MythicalThing^c FemalePerson^c OldHuman^c MagicalPerson^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Witch^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Evil^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Ugly^c

WitchDoctor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WitchDoctor`
Description	A ''WitchDoctor'' is a ''Healer'' who attempts to heal ann ailment by use of some form of magic, usually including incantations or manipulation of magical objects. This type includes any Healer that uses some form of magic,including the more specific subtype ''Shaman''. `A 'shaman' may also serve as a healer, but that Role has some relgious character not necessary for a ''WitchDoctor'' and has other functions. Unclear distinction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'witch doctor' in WordNet: 1. (2) witch doctor - (someone who is believed to heal through magical powers)`
Super-classes	Healer^c MagicalPerson^c
Sub-classes	Shaman^c

Witchcraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Witchcraft`
Description	CYC: The collection of all #$ParanormalEvents performed by #$Witches. Includes things like casting spells and flying on #$WitchBroomsticks. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'witchcraft' in WordNet: 1. witchcraft, witchery - (the art of sorcery)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c MagicAction^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Witch^c

WithAnAcccent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithAnAcccent`
Description	''WithAnAcccent'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies a ''Speaking'' Action to assert that the pronuncition was similar to that of people who speak in an ''Accent'' ''PronunciationManner''.
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

WithDifficulty^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithDifficulty`
Description	''WithDifficulty'' is the closest adverbial phrase having the approximate meaning of 'difficultly', but that word is not the dictionary..
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

WithaSouthernDrawl^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithaSouthernDrawl`
Description	''WithaSouthernDrawl'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies a ''Speaking'' Action to assert that the pronuncition was similar to that of people who speak with a ''SouthernDrawl'' pronunciation.
Super-classes	AdverbOfManner^c

Withdrawing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Withdrawing`
Description	''Withdrawing'' is the act of a Person or GroupOfPeople a ''LeavingaPlace'' where the place left can be specified, but is not a container. (For troop wihdrawals see subtype ''MilitaryWithdrawal'' This type is any ''LeavingaPlace'', even by one person when staying is considered to be in some way unpleasant or undesirable. That is, the motive is not just to get to another place, but to 'get out' of some situation. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 and vern sense 1 of 'pull out' of 'withdraw' and noun sense 3 of 'withdrawal' in WordNet: 1. (9) withdraw, retreat, pull away, draw back, recede, pull back, retire, move back - (pull back or move away or backward; 'The enemy withdrew'; 'The limo pulled away from the curb') WN verb 'pull out': 1. (4) pull out, get out - (move out or away; 'The troops pulled out after the cease-fire') WN noun 'withdrawal': 3. (1) withdrawal - (the act of withdrawing)`
Super-classes	ExitingSomething^c LeavingaPlace^c Receding^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op only (Person^c or GroupOfPeople^c)
Sub-classes	MilitaryWithdrawal^c

WithdrawingAnAbstractObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithdrawingAnAbstractObject`
Description	''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject'' is a ''RemovingSomething'' where a quantity of some ''AbstractSubstance'' (e.g. energy or money or information) that is contained in some source or suply is taken out so that (for money or energy) it is no longer within the original container and held (as a ''MoneyObject'' that is not itself a SolidObject) or used immediately (as energy). For 'accessing' information without removing the original use ''AccessingaConceptualWork''. To specify the 'place' from which something is removed,use ''hasStartingPlace''. NOTE this can be used for 'withdrawing' money from a bank account. NOTE: 'Withdrawing' of information leaves the information in its original location unless the original physical representation is destroyed in the process. Perhaps this should be a separate type 'accessing' information?? For taking liquids from a supply of liquid, use ''WithdrawingaLiquid'' 'took a mug of beer from the keg' For taking a ''SolidObject'' from a location, use ''WithdrawingAnObject'' 'took a penny out of the jar' Includes part of verb sense 10 (for AbstractObjects) of 'withdraw' in WordNet: 10. withdraw, draw, take out, draw off - (remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); 'She drew $2,000 from the account'; 'The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank') WN verb 'withdrawal': 2. (1) withdrawal - (the act of taking out money or other capital)
Super-classes	RemovingSomething^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some AbstractObject^c
Sub-classes	WithdrawingMoney^c

WithdrawingAnObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithdrawingAnObject`
Description	''WithdrawingSomething'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' where a solid object that is in contact with (contained in, supported by, or supports) another object is taken away so that it is no longer in contact with or contained in that other object. For taking liquids from a supply of liquid, use ''WithdrawingaLiquid'' 'took a mug of beer from the keg' For taking something abstract from a supply 9money, information), use ''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject'' ('withdrew $1000 from his account.'). Includes part of verb senses 7 and 10 (for solid objects) of 'withdraw' in WordNet: 7. (1) remove, take, take away, withdraw - (remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; 'remove a threat'; 'remove a wrapper'; 'Remove the dirty dishes from the table'; 'take the gun from your pocket'; 'This machine withdraws heat from the environment') 10. withdraw, draw, take out, draw off - (remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); 'She drew $2,000 from the account'; 'The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank')
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Weeding^c Dislodging^c

WithdrawingMoney^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithdrawingMoney`
Description	''WithdrawingMoney'' is a ''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject'' where the Object withdrawn is a ''MoneyObject'' (a quantity of Money). This can be used for withdrawing from a bank account. `Corresponds to verb sense 10 of 'withdraw' in WordNet: 10. withdraw, draw, take out, draw off - (remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); 'She drew $2,000 from the account'; 'The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank') WN noun 'withdrawal': 2. (1) withdrawal - (the act of taking out money or other capital)`
Super-classes	WithdrawingAnAbstractObject^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some MoneyObject^c

WithdrawingaLiquid^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithdrawingaLiquid`
Description	''WithdrawingaLiquid'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' where a quantity of a Liquid (a ''LiquidObject'') that is contained in some container or reservoir or source is taken out so that it is no longer within the original container - it is usually placed into another container, but may be just used and spilled or drained, as in withdrawing water from a fire hydrant. `For taking a ''SolidObject'' from a location, use ''WithdrawingAnObject'' 'took a penny out of the jar' For taking something abstract from a supply, use ''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject'' 'withdrew $1000 from his account.' Includes part of verb sense 10 (for LiquidObjects) of 'withdraw' in WordNet: 10. withdraw, draw, take out, draw off - (remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); 'She drew $2,000 from the account'; 'The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank')`
Super-classes	RemovingPhysically^c
Restrictions	hadObjectMoved^op some (LiquidObject^c or LiquidObjectType^c or LiquidSubstance^c or LiquidSubstanceType^c)

Withering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Withering`
Description	''Withering''is a 'Shrinking'' of a Plant or PlantPart due to drying out from absence of adequate water. `Cooreponds to verb sense 1, of 'wither' in WordNet: 1. (1) shrivel, shrivel up, shrink, wither - (wither, as with a loss of moisture; 'The fruit dried and shriveled')`
Super-classes	ShrinkingEvent^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value Drying^c hadObjectModified^op some (Plant^c or PlantPart^c or PlantType^c or PhysicalObjectType^c)

Withers^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Withers`
Description	$Withers is the collection of the withers of `instances of #$EquineAnimal. The withers of an instance of #$Horse (or other #$EquineAnimal) is the area that forms the border between the animal's back and neck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'withers' in WordNet: 1. withers - (the highest part of the back at the base of the neck of various animals especially draft animals)`
Super-classes	AnimalBodyPart^c SolidObject^c ExternalAnatomicalPart^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Mammal^c isBetween^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeckAndBack^c

Withholding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Withholding`
Description	''Withholding'' is a ''Depriving'' by means of ''RetainingPossession''. This action prevents an agent from ''Obtaining'' the thing withheld. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'withhold' in WordNet: 1. (8) withhold, keep back - (hold back; refuse to hand over or share; 'The father is withholding the allowance until the son cleans his room')`
Super-classes	Depriving^c
Restrictions	isCausedBy^op value RetainingPossession^c prevents^op value Obtaining^c alwaysCauses^op value Deprivation^c prevents^op value HavingSomething^c

WithinWalkingDistance^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithinWalkingDistance`
Description	'WithinWalkingDistance' is an attribute of places that can be reached in under an hour at a normal walking pace, i.e., fewer than 5 kilometers away.
Super-classes	Nearby^c

WithoutHope^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithoutHope`
Description	The attribute of a Person who cannot be consoled, or feels that there is no chance of improving the situation. `For ongoing plans or sutuations that are doomed to failure, use 'Hopeless'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hopeless' in WordNet: 1. (3) hopeless - (without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success; in an agony of hopeless grief; with a hopeless sigh he sat down)`
Super-classes	EventAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Despondent^c

WithstandingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WithstandingEvent`
Description	A WithstandingEvent is a 'PersistingEvent' in which some Object retains it identity and basic functionality after enduring some unusual stresses. Being shot and continuing to live is one example of a WithstandingEvent for a Person, and staying basically intact and usable throughout a hurricane, though possibly with minor damage, is a WithstandingEvent for a building. This type includes withstanding an attack, though the actions of offering active resistance are not themselves included. This sense incorporates a number of different types of actions of different types of objects;the actions may be labeled 'bear', 'endure', 'withstand', 'tolerate' and others. As of rev943 the distinctions for possible identifiable subtypes have not been represented. @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'bear', part of sense 1 of 'withstand', (not including offering active resistance) senses 1,2, 5 and part of sense 3 of 'endure' and sense 1 of 'tolerate' in WordNet: WN verb 'bear': 3. (13) digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand, tolerate, support, brook, abide, suffer, put up - (put up with something or somebody unpleasant; 'I cannot bear his constant criticism'; 'The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks'; 'he learned to tolerate the heat'; 'She stuck out two years in a miserable marriage') WN verb 'withstand': 1. (6) defy, withstand, hold, hold up - (resist or confront with resistance; 'The politician defied public opinion'; 'The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear'; 'The bridge held') WN verb 'endure': 1. (6) digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand, tolerate, support, brook, abide, suffer, put up -- (put up with something or somebody unpleasant; 'I cannot bear his constant criticism'; 'The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks'; 'he learned to tolerate the heat'; 'She stuck out two years in a miserable marriage') 2. (4) weather, endure, brave, brave out - (face or endure with courage; 'She braved the elements') 3. (4) survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out - (continue to live; endure or last; 'We went without water and food for 3 days'; 'These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America'; 'The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents'; 'how long can a person last without food and water?') 5. wear, hold out, endure - (last and be usable; 'This dress wore well for almost ten years') WN verb 'resist': 2. (11) resist, hold out, withstand, stand firm - (stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something) 4. (1) resist, stand, fend - (withstand the force of something; 'The trees resisted her'; 'stand the test of time'; 'The mountain climbers had to fend against the ice and snow')
Super-classes	PersistingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Tolerating^c

Witness^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Witness`
Description	'Witness' is a Role played by a Person who sees an Object or Event, and informs another Person of that Observation. The informing can be by any means, and does not have to be in a court of law. A 'Witness' can be a Person who has knowledge of documents or of Events that are not specifically an Action under investigation, thuogh related; for the specific type of ''Witness' who can report about an Event that s/he saw directly is represented by ''Eyewitness''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'witness' in WordNet: 1. (7) witness, witnesser, informant - (someone who sees an event and reports what happened)`
Super-classes	Observer^c Informant^c
Sub-classes	Eyewitness^c

Witty^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Witty

Description

Displaying wit, may be humorous.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'witty' in Wordnet:
           1. (5) witty - (combining clever conception and facetious expression;
             'his sermons were unpredictably witty and satirical as well as eloquent')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Wizard^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wizard

Description

COSMO note: fictional The collection of people who specialize in the #$Magic arts. In #$DungeonsAndDragonsMt, a class of #$RolePlayingCharacter with #$Magic using abilities.

        NOTE: Although 'Wizards' are usually encountered in fictional
          settings, COSMO is agnostic as to whether such beings exist in
          the real world, therefore a 'Wizard' is not a subtype of FictionalCharacter,
          though most (all?) instances will be fictional.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wizard' in WordNet:
         sorcerer, magician, wizard, necromancer, thaumaturge, thaumaturgist -
         (one who practices magic or sorcery)

Super-classes MagicalPerson^c
MythicalThing^c
SentientAnimal^c

Wobbling^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wobbling

Description

A 'Wobbling' is a ''Swaying Motion in which some PhysicalObject oscillates back and forth to one side, then another, in an unsteady and uncontrolled manner, as of a wheeled vehicle whose wheels are no properly aligned.

      Includes verb senses 1 and part of 2 of 'wobble' 
        ('careen' is a different sense -moving uncontrolled) in WordNet:
        1. (5) wobble, coggle - (move unsteadily; 'His knees wobbled';
            'The old cart wobbled down the street')
         2. careen, wobble, shift, tilt - (move sideways or in an unsteady way;
             'The ship careened out of control')

Super-classes Oscillating^c
Swaying^c

Wobbly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wobbly

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wobbly' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) rickety, shaky, wobbly, wonky - (inclined to shake 
            as from weakness or defect; 'a rickety table'; 'a wobbly chair with shaky legs'; 
            'the ladder felt a little wobbly'; 'the bridge still stands though 
            one of the arches is wonky')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Woe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woe`
Description	This sense if ''Woe' represents a ''Miserableness that accompanies an ''AilmentCondition''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woe' in WordNet: 1. (3) suffering, woe - (misery resulting from affliction)`
Super-classes	Miserableness^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op value AilmentCondition^c

Woke^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woke

Description

Being ''Woke'' is to be ''Knowing'' about social issues, especially about racial justice or the ''Feeling''s other Person may have due to some Event(s), and understands and is to some extent sympathetic to those ''Feeling''s. The topics of this type of awareness is often racist or sexist usage of words or actions, and the ''Offendedness'' such words can cause.

     This word sense is a recent coinage.

     Now WN or RHW sense of 'woke'.
     Online definition
        alert to injustice in society, especially racism.
     Online Mwerriam-Webster:
       : aware of and actively attentive to important facts and issues 
             (especially issues of racial and social justice)

Super-classes Sympathetic^c
Knowing^c

Wolf^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wolf`
Description	CYC: The collection of all wolves; a subset of #$CanineAnimal. By default, members of #$Wolf are elements of #$WildAnimal. Wolves are not included in the collection #$Dog. The collection #$Wolf does not correspond to any biological taxon. Note that members of the collection #$Wolf-Red are included in this collection as well as members of the collection #$Wolf-Gray. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wolf' in WordNet: 1. (1) wolf - (any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs)`
Super-classes	Canine^c
Sub-classes	Coyote^c

WolfPack^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WolfPack`
Description	A Group of Wolves acting together. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wolf pack' in WN: in WordNet: 2. wolf pack - (a group of wolves hunting together)`
Super-classes	AgentGroup^c CollectiveAgent^c ClusterOfAnimals^c GroupOfBeasts^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Wolf^c

Wolverine^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wolverine

Description

IncludesAsian and American varieties.

    CYC seems to be specific for the Asian??
      CYC: A collection of mammals, solitary by nature.  Its
        scientific name is Gulo gulo.

       Includes noun senses 1 ans 2 of 'wolverine' in Wordnet:
         2. glutton, Gulo gulo, wolverine - (musteline mammal of northern Eurasia)
         3. wolverine, carcajou, skunk bear, Gulo luscus - (stocky shaggy-coated
               North American carnivorous mammal)

Super-classes Mustelidae^c
Carnivore^c

Woman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woman`
Description	An adult female human. CYC has 'AdultFemalHuman' - probably the same. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woman' in WordNet: 1. (480) woman, adult female - - (an adult female person (as opposed to a man); 'the woman kept house while the man hunted')`
Super-classes	FemalePerson^c HumanAdult^c
Sub-classes	Maid^c Ex-Wife^c LadyFriend^c Widow^c Geisha^c Lady^c Madwoman^c FemmeFatale^c HinduWoman^c Schoolmarm^c Bridesmaid^c Slut^c Spinster^c Seamstress^c PrettyWoman^c Nun^c Nanny^c Mistress^c MuslimWoman^c Matriarch^c Hostess^c Bachelorette^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Eve-Biblical

Womanizing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Womanizing`
Description	''Womanizing'' is a series of ''Fornication''s performed by one man with at least two different women; to qualify as a ''Womanizing'' there have to be at least four ''Fornication''s. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'womanize' in WordNet: 1. philander, womanize, womanise - (have amorous affairs; of men; 'He has been womanizing for years')`
Super-classes	ActionSeries^c
Restrictions	hasParticipant^op value Woman^c hasComponentElement^op min 4 isPerformedBy^op exactly 1

Womankind^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Womankind`
Description	''Womankind'' is the Group of all ''FemalePerson''s of any age living at any one time or at some specified interval of time. This includes women living anywhere, including outer space. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'womankind' in WordNet: 1. womankind - (women as distinguished from men)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only FemalePerson^c isaSubgroupOf^op value Mankind^c

WomansShoe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WomansShoe`
Description	A ''WomansShoe'' is a ''ShoeOrBoot'' designed to be worn by women.
Super-classes	Shoe^c WomensClothing^c
Sub-classes	HighHeelShoe^c

WomensBag^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WomensBag`
Description	A bag designed to carry around small items, usually of a style favored by women.
Super-classes	Case-Container^c PersonalDevice^c WomensClothingAccessory^c PortableCarrier^c
Sub-classes	Purse^c

WomensClothing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WomensClothing`
Description	A specialization of #$Clothing-Generic. Each specialization of #$WomensClothing is a type of clothing item worn usually by women. Specializations of #$WomensClothing include #$Bra, #$Dress, and #$Skirt. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woman's clothing' in WordNet: 1. woman's clothing - (clothing that is designed for women to wear)`
Super-classes	Clothing^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value Woman^c
Sub-classes	Bikini^c Dress^c Camisole^c Tutu^c Caftan-Western^c NightGown^c Burka^c Leggings^c Chador^c WomansShoe^c Hijab^c Blouse^c Mantilla^c NunsHabit^c Miniskirt^c Brassiere^c WomensSuit^c SwimSuit-OnePiece^c Lingerie^c

WomensClothingAccessory^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WomensClothingAccessory`
Description	A ClothinhAccessory worn mostly by women.
Super-classes	ClothingAccessory^c
Sub-classes	HairAccessory^c WomensBag^c

WomensHosiery^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WomensHosiery`
Description	CYC: The collection of all womens' stockings, including Panty Hose.
Super-classes	EnvelopingCovering^c ClothingItem^c HosieryItem^c Lingerie^c
Restrictions	surrounds-3D^op value HumanLeg^c
Sub-classes	NylonStocking^c Pantyhose^c

WomensRights^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WomensRights`
Description	''WomensRights'' are the ''Rights'' possessed (n law or theory or doctrine) by women. `subtype of 'human rights'?`
Super-classes	Rights^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only Right^c isPossessedBy^op only Womankind^c

WomensSuit^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WomensSuit`
Description	A suit designed to be worn by women.
Super-classes	SuitOfClothing^c WomensClothing^c
Sub-classes	PantsSuit^c

Wonder^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wonder`
Description	'Wonder' is a DirectedFeeling that is a combination of Amazement (intense Surprise) and Admiration ( a pleasant feeling). Compare this with Shock - an unpleasant surprise. `For the thinking action of wondering whether some fact or another is true, use 'WonderingWhether" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wonder' in WordNet: 1. (5) wonder, wonderment, admiration - (the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising)`
Super-classes	Admiration^c Amazement^c
Sub-classes	Awe^c

Wonderfully^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wonderfully

Description

         Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'wonderfully' in Wordnet:
           1. (3) wonderfully, wondrous, wondrously, superbly, toppingly, marvellously,
                terrifically, marvelously - ((used as an intensifier) extremely well;
                'her voice is superbly disciplined'; 'the colors changed wondrously slowly')

Super-classes AdverbOfManner^c

WonderingWhether^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WonderingWhether

Description

'WonderingWhether' is a form of 'ThinkingAboutSomething' in which a Person has and thinks about and may express out loud some uncertainty about a fact or the present state of something, or about the future, or even the past. There is usually more than one possibility - true or false, or more specific alternatives.

     Corresponds most closely to verb sense 2  of 'wonder' in WordNet:
        2. (41) wonder, question - (place in doubt or express doubtful speculation;
         'I wonder whether this was the right thing to do'; 'she wondered whether 
         it would snow tonight')

Super-classes ThinkingAboutSomething^c

Wondrous^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wondrous

Description

'Wondrous' is a property of Events or Objects (with specific attributes) that are not only 'Remarkable' but are ''Good'' and inspire 'Wonder' or intense delight.

    Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wondrous' in WordNet;
      most of the words in this WordNet synset would not be used to express
      this attribute:  in WordNet:
      1. (2) fantastic, grand, howling, marvelous, marvellous, rattling, 
          terrific, tremendous, wonderful, wondrous - (extraordinarily good;
          used especially as intensifiers; 'a fantastic trip to the Orient';
          'the film was fantastic!'; 'a howling success'; 'a marvelous collection
          of rare books'; 'had a rattling conversation about politics'; 'a tremendous
          achievement')

Super-classes Good^c
Remarkable^c

WondrousThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WondrousThing`
Description	A 'WondrousThing' is a Phenomenon (observable physical Event) that inspires feelings of ''Wonder''. This is to represent the sense of 'Wonder' applying to remarkable Events or Objects - in the case of an Object that is a Wonder, it is the state of the Object in which it has or exhibits wondrous qualities. `This corresponds to sense 2 of 'phenomenon' in RHW as well as sense 2 in WN:: RHW 'phenomenon': 2. something that is impressive or extraordinary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marvel' in WordNet: 1. (1) wonder, marvel - (something that causes feelings of wonder; 'the wonders of modern science') WN noun 'phenomenon': 2. (5) phenomenon - (a remarkable development)`
Super-classes	Phenomenon^c Occurrence^c
Restrictions	causes^op value Wonder^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wondrous^c perceivingCausesMentalEvent^op value Marveling^c isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Wonder^c

Wood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wood`
Description	COSMO note: in COSMO, Wood is a Substance, not an Object. `Cyc: A specialization of #$PlantProduct. Each instance of #$Wood is a piece of solid, rigid, fibrous organic substance in or #$derivedFrom (q.v.) the inside of the trunks and limbs of trees. Specializations of #$Wood include #$Firewood, (#$WoodFn #$OakTree) and (#$WoodFn #$CherryTree). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wood' in WordNet: 1. (17) wood - (the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees)`
Super-classes	PlantProduct^c StructuralSupportStuff^c ConstructionMaterialType^c VegetableMatter^c OrganicSubstance^c SolidSubstance^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value Tree^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fibrous^c
Sub-classes	CypressWood^c Plywood^c ChestnutWood^c Lumber^c BambooWood^c Maple^c CedarWood^c Pine^c Fir^c Birch^c Hardwood^c Spruce^c BeechWood^c Firewood^c Redwood^c

WoodCraft^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodCraft`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'woodcraft' in WordNet: 2. woodcraft - (skill in carving or fashioning objects from wood)`
Super-classes	CraftingObjects^c
Restrictions	produces^op value Woodwork^c
Sub-classes	Woodworking^c

WoodRat^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodRat`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wood rat' in WordNet: 1. wood rat, wood-rat - (any of various small short-tailed rodents of the northern hemisphere having soft fur grey above and white below with furred tails and large ears; some are hosts for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks))`
Super-classes	Rodent^c Species^c
Sub-classes	Vole^c

Woodcarving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woodcarving`
Description	CYC: The collection of events whose intended output are #$Wood carvings
Super-classes	CarvingSomething^c Woodworking^c
Restrictions	hadObjectModified^op value WoodenObject^c produces^op value WoodenCarving^c
Sub-classes	CuttingaGrooveInWood^c

Wooded^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wooded`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wooded' in Wordnet: 1. (1) wooded - (covered with growing trees and bushes etc; 'wooded land'; 'a heavily wooded tract')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Forested^c

WoodedArea^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodedArea`
Description	a wooded area is a ''GeographicalArea with a lot of trees. Some wooded areas are in inhabitated regions. Some are not. For example, the area to the west of MCC is a wooded area that is adjacent to 'civilized' areas. #$Forest, on the other hand, is a specialization of #$WoodedArea. Members of this collection are large expanses most of which are very far from any civilized region.
Super-classes	OutdoorArea^c
Restrictions	hasCharacteristicObject^op value Tree^c
Sub-classes	Forest^c

Wooden^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wooden

Description

The AttributeValue 'Wooden' asserts that the subject thus characterized consists mostly of the substance 'Wood'.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wooden' in WordNet:
       1. (16) wooden - (made or consisting of (entirely or in part)
       or employing wood; 'a wooden box'; 'an ancient cart with wooden wheels')

Super-classes CompositionAttributeValue^c

WoodenBeam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodenBeam`
Description	A ''WoodenBeam'' is a strong rigid beam made of Wood used for support in wooden structures. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'timber' in WordNet: 2. (2) timber - (a beam made of wood)`
Super-classes	StructuralBeam^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Structure^c consistsOfSubstance^op value Wood^c

WoodenCarving^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodenCarving`
Description	A ''CarvedArtwork'' made of Wood. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodcarving' in WordNet: 1. woodcarving - (a carving created by carving wood)`
Super-classes	CarvedArtwork^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c

WoodenObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodenObject`
Description	A ''WoodenObject'' is any SolidObject consistingmostly of ''Wood''.
Super-classes	SolidObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c
Sub-classes	Veneer^c

WoodframeStud^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodframeStud`
Description	A ''WoodframeStud'' is a wooden ''UprightSupport'' used in Buildings that have a wooden frame. `Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stud' in WordNet: 3. scantling, stud - (an upright in house framing)`
Super-classes	UprightSupport^c PieceOfDimensionalLumber^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wooden^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value Building^c

Woodman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woodman`
Description	Each ''Woodman'' is a ''CommonMan'' (of any sex or age) who lives in the ''Forest''. (and saves 'Little Red Riding Hood' from the wolf?) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodman' in WordNet: 1. woodsman, woodman - (someone who lives in the woods)`
Super-classes	CommonMan^c HumanRole^c
Restrictions	isaMemberOf^op value TheMasses^c

Woodpecker^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woodpecker

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodpecker' in WordNet:
         1. (2) woodpecker, peckerwood, pecker - 
            (bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing 
            and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects)

Super-classes Bird^c

WoodwindInstrument^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodwindInstrument`
Description	Musical instruments using reeds or flute/whistle-type mechanisms to produce sound. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodwind' in WordNet: 1. woodwind, woodwind instrument, wood - (any wind instrument other than the brass instruments)`
Super-classes	WindInstrument-Musical^c
Sub-classes	Recorder^c Flute^c ReedWoodwindInstrument^c

Woodwork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woodwork`
Description	CYC: The collection of #$Wood #$Artifacts. This is for one piece of a Wooden artifact. The interior furnishings such as wooden moldings or stairways and wall and doorway surface parts should be a subtype. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodwork' in WordNet: 1. (3) woodwork - (work made of wood; especially moldings or stairways or furniture)`
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wood^c

Woodworking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woodworking`
Description	CYC: The collection of events whose intended output are #$Artifacts made out of #$Wood, typically using #$WoodworkingTools. `The difference between this and 'WoodCraft'' is not yet clear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodworking' in WordNet: 1. carpentry, woodworking, woodwork - (the craft of a carpenter: making things out of wood)`
Super-classes	WoodCraft^c FashioningSomething^c
Sub-classes	Woodcarving^c

WoodworkingTool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoodworkingTool`
Description	Tools used to shape, join, and cut wood, where the wood itself is or forms the desired object. Includes both chisels and the hammers used to drive the chisels; power routers, sanders, saws, etc. Does not include nail guns or other carpentry tools where the wood is simply an included part of a larger structure. These tools/devices are capable of being used and are designed to be used on wood, but this doesn't preclude their use on other types of materials (having similar textures, properties, etc.) for which they might be suited.
Super-classes	CarpentryTool^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Woodworking^c

Woody^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woody

Description

''Woody'' is an attribute of thing that have some perceptible portion of ''Wood'' in them, or resembling Wood..

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'woody' in Wordnet:
          1. woody - (made of or containing or resembling wood; 'woody plants';
              'perennial herbs with woody stems'; 'a woody taste')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Woof^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woof`
Description	The 'woofing' sound made by a dog.
Super-classes	BarkingSound^c

Wool^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wool`
Description	Any substance consisting of thick hairs and called 'Wool'. In cyc this is called 'WoolStuff'. For the specific 'wool' obtained from Sheep, use subtype ''SheepWool''. The coat in situ can bereferred to as 'wool' or 'fleece',' but that is an object not yet represented. WN 'wool': 3. wool, fleece - (outer coat of especially sheep and yaks) Wool from specific animals can be represented by a subtype when necessary: such as 1. vicuna - (the wool of the vicuna). Not done as of rev1093 Corresponds to non sense 2 of 'wool' and 'fleece' sense 1 in WN - ; this is not solely wool from sheep, but the hair to make wool has to be fairly long. in WordNet: 2. wool - (fiber sheared from animals (such as sheep) and twisted into yarn for weaving) WN noun 'fleece' (no longer on the animal): 1. fleece - (the wool of a sheep or similar animal)
Super-classes	SolidAnimalMatter^c Hair^c
Sub-classes	LlamaWool^c Cashmere^c SheepWool^c AlpacaWool^c

Woolen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woolen

Description

The AttributeValue 'Woolen' asserts thst the subject thus characterized consists mostly of the substance 'Wool'.

     Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'woolen' in WordNet;
       this is not merely 'relating to' Wool, but consisting mostly of Wool:  in WordNet:
       1. (1) woolen, woollen - (of or related to or made of wool;
         'a woolen sweater')

Super-classes SubstanceAttributeValue^c

WoolenObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoolenObject`
Description	An Object made of ''Wool''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woollen' in WordNet: 1. wool, woolen, woollen - (a fabric made from the hair of sheep)`
Super-classes	FabricObject^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woolen^c consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value Wool^c

Woolly^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woolly`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'woolly' in Wordnet: 3. wooly, woolly, wooly-haired, woolly-haired - (covered with dense often matted or curly hairs; 'woolly lambs')`
Super-classes	Hairy^c

WoollyMammoth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WoollyMammoth`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woolly mammoth' in WordNet: 1. woolly mammoth, northern mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius - (very hairy mammoth common in colder portions of the northern hemisphere)`
Super-classes	Mammoth^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woolly^c

Word^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Word`
Description	A term of some Language that plays the Role of Designator for some concept. It is an AbstractString, even if it consists of a single ideogram or hieroglyph. (therefore this does not include the sounds that are spoken words). It is an AbstractString that, in any given usage, is intended to symbolize a single concept - though in different contexts the same Word may have different meanings, and in puns the meaning may be intended to be ambiguous or fluctuating. It is also an AbstractSymbol. There is some debate over what should linguistically constitute a Word. In the English language, a string of characters that is not broken by spaces can be considered as a 'Word', even if it is nonsensical. Tightly linked groups of character strings that have meaning that cannot be constructed from the individual character strings (e.g. idioms that are not sentences) can also be considered here as 'Word's; if the meaning of a Word with spaces in it is deducible from its components, it should be classified as a 'Phrase'. `Corresponds to part (the abstract string part) of noun sense 1 of 'word' in WordNet: 1. (958) word - (a unit of language that native speakers can identify; 'words are the blocks from which sentences are made'; 'he hardly said ten words all morning')`
Super-classes	Term^c LinguisticDesignator^c GroupOfCharacters^c WordString^c UsefulThing^c AbstractString^c LinguisticObject^c
Sub-classes	Adverb^c KeyWord^c CurseWord^c ParticleWord^c Engword^c Abbreviation^c Noun^c Verb^c FormOfAddress^c Neologizing^c Neologism^c Metonym^c Antonym^c Possessive^c LoanWord^c OfWord^c ClassifierWord^c Adjective^c ClosedClassWord^c
In domain of	hasBaseForm^op
In range of	hasBaseForm^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_many http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_ha http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_hell http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Life http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Self-knowledge http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Mohammed http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Rabbit http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Buddha http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Bad http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Hello http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Ancestors http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_uh http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_equal http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_men http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Jains http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Shush http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_accept http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_All http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Presbyters http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Jesus http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_crime http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Good http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_are http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_worthy http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Luther http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_souls http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_night http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Pope http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_No http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_Spirits http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_know http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#the http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ENG_God http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_evening http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Shoo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_Halloo http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_uh-huh http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_morning http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WORD_created

WordPicture^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WordPicture`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'word picture' in WordNet: 1. word picture, word-painting, delineation, depiction, picture, characterization, characterisation - (a graphic or vivid verbal description; 'too often the narrative was interrupted by long word pictures'; 'the author gives a depressing picture of life in Poland'; 'the pamphlet contained brief characterizations of famous Vermonters')`
Super-classes	LinguisticDescription^c VerbalImage^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Graphic^c isProducedByEventType^op value DescribingSpecifics^c
Sub-classes	Portrayal^c

WordSense^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WordSense`
Description	Each 'WordSense' is a Proposition that is a logical representation of the Meaning of some term (which can by multi-word, i.e. have separating spaces) in some language. In COSMO the 'Meaning' of something is identified with a logical representation that some agent (a person or computer) can use for reasoning. Thus the logical representation may be in the brain of a human; the fact that the representation in a brain is not in distinct clean first-order logic terms does not prevent it from being used in FOL reasoning processes, and it is considered a logical representation for COSMO purposes. Most of the elements in COSMO (types, relations) are WordSenses for some word or term in some human language; some are WordSenses for more than one Word. Mappings to English words are given by the 'ldoce' and 'wordnet' tags. These tags (and others that may serve a similar purpose) serve to relate a COSMO element to any words or phrases that may label that element whne used in human language. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sense' in WordNet: 2. (23) sense, signified - - (the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted; 'the dictionary gave several senses for the word'; 'in the best sense charity is really a duty'; 'the signifier is linked to the signified')
Super-classes	Meaning^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some Word^c

WordStem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WordStem`
Description	A 'WordStem' is the part of a WordString that remains after all affixes (prefix, suffix) are removed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stem' in WordNet: 1. (23) root, root word, base, stem, theme, radical - ((linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; 'thematic vowels are part of the stem')`
Super-classes	LinguisticObject^c AbstractSymbol^c AbstractString^c
Restrictions	isaPartOf^op some WordString^c

WordString^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WordString`
Description	An AbstractWordString, is a Group consisting of one or more AbstractSymbols (which can be phonetic or, as in Chinese, pictophonetic, or any symbols used to compose words). This does not have to be a complete 'Word', but may be only part of a word, such as a word stem, or 'Prefix'' or ''Suffix'' or even several words strung together randomly (i.e. not a ''Phrase''). It does not have to have a meaning nor to function as a unit. `For an AbstractString'' that is a combination of words intended to convey some meaning , use ''Phrase''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'word string' in WordNet: 1. string of words, word string, linguistic string - (a linear sequence of words as spoken or written)`
Super-classes	Group^c AbstractSymbol^c AbstractString^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value LinguisticCommunication^c hasComponentElement^op value Word^c
Sub-classes	Prefix^c LineOfVerse^c PrepositionalPhrase^c Word^c Phrase^c Suffix^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#n_apos_t

WorkBench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkBench`
Description	A large, sturdy table upon which devices get fixed using tools. `NOTE: things are not just fixed, they can be built at a ''WorkBench''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workbench' in WordNet: 1. (8) workbench, work bench, bench - (a strong worktable for a carpenter or mechanic)`
Super-classes	WorkTable^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value ModifyingAnArtifact^c

WorkCrew^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkCrew`
Description	A ''WorkCrew'' is a ''Crew'' who work together in some 'WorkingEvent''. This is the smallest tyoe of ''WorkForce'' other than the individual ''Worker''s. `Corresponds to noun senses 2, of 'crew' in WordNet: 2. (4) gang, crew, work party - (an organized group of workmen)`
Super-classes	Crew^c WorkForce^c
Restrictions	hasMember^op value Worker^c performsAction^op some (WorkingEvent^c or ActionType^c)
Sub-classes	ShipCrew^c

WorkForce^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkForce`
Description	Each ''WorkForce'' is the ''GroupOfPeople'' available to work together to accomplish some 'task' (whether broadly or narrowly defined). This type reqires that there be some Manager (or ''Supervisor'') that directs and coordinates the 'WorkForce'' to accomplish the ''CollaborativeProject''. This can be a very narrow project that requires a few people or can be the sum of all of the activities of some large organization. The latter case, is represented by the subtype ''OrganizationEmployees''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'work force' in WordNet: 1. (1) work force, workforce, manpower, hands, men - (the force of workers available)`
Super-classes	GroupOfPeople^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WorkingTogether^c isManagedBy^op value Manager^c performsAction^op value CollaborativeProject^c hasComponentElement^op value Employee^c hasComponentElement^op value Worker^c
Sub-classes	Personnel^c FullComplement^c WorkCrew^c

WorkLoad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkLoad`
Description	A ''WorkLoad'' is a Group of ''PaidTask''s that are expected to be performed within some TimeInterval. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workload' in WordNet: 1. workload - (work that a person is expected to do in a specified time)`
Super-classes	Group^c WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op value PaidTask^c

WorkShift^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkShift`
Description	A ''WorkShift'' is one continuous period of time within one twenty-four hour period during which a Person is performing some job that is done periodically (on work days), including lunch and break times. Ifone is not 'on duty' during lunch or break, then the 'on duty' time for any one ''WorkShift'' will be less than the full time of that 'shift'. `NOTE: that what happens during this TimeInterval is a ''WorkingEvent'' which is not necessarily a paid job (which could be a subtype), but some kind of 'duty' that is coordinated with at least one other Person. Perhaps Baby-sitting duty at home? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shift' in WordNet: 3. (3) shift, work shift, duty period - (the time period during which you are at work)`
Super-classes	Stint^c WorkingHours^c
Restrictions	hasEvent^op some (WorkingEvent^c or ActionType^c)

WorkSurface^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkSurface`
Description	A ''WorkSurface'' is the Role played by the The ''TopSurface'' of some SolidObject, used to hold papers or other PhysicalObjects while performing some Action with or on those objects. `NOTE: this 'work surface'could be arranged at an angle or slant. For a horizontal working surface, use ''HorizontalWorkSurface''.`
Super-classes	Role^c SurfacePortion^c TopSurface^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value SupportingSomething^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Flat^c isaPhysicalPartOf^op value SolidObject^c
Sub-classes	Blackboard^c SmartBoard^c WritingBoard^c Whiteboard^c HorizontalWorkSurface^c

WorkTable^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkTable`
Description	A 'table' designed for performing work, rather than eating. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'worktable' in WordNet: 1. (1) worktable, work table - (a table designed for a particular task)`
Super-classes	Table-Furniture^c WorkingSpot^c
Restrictions	isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity^op value WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	WorkBench^c

WorkTime^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkTime`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'work time' in WordNet: 1. work time - (a time period when you are required to work)`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	WorkingHours^c

Workaholic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Workaholic`
Description	Each ''Workaholic'' is a ''CompulsivePerson'' whose ''Compulsion'' is to perform some ''WorkingEvent''s more often or for longer hours than most people. This attribute is sometimes applied as an overstatement to people who do not have a true ''Compusion'', but just perform more work than others, foe reasonable motives. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workaholic' in WordNet: 1. workaholic - (person with a compulsive need to work)`
Super-classes	CompulsivePerson^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value WorkingEvent^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Compulsive^c

Workday^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Workday`
Description	A ''Workday'' is a ''Day'' when a Person is required to or does perform some ''WorkingEvent'', usually as part of an ''Occupation''. This could be a self-employed person's ''Workday'' - with flexible hours but meaningful productive goals. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workday' in WordNet: 1. workday, working day, work day - (a day on which work is done)`
Super-classes	Day^c RelativeTime^c
Restrictions	hasTemporalPart^op some Now^c

WorkedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkedObject`
Description	A ''WorkedObject'' is any SolidObject that is being physically modified or manipulated for some purpose by a Person of machine. This is typically held by some ''HolderGripper'' while it is being modified or moved in some way. `The term 'work' is used in machining to refer to the piece being tooled in some way. This is a generalization intended to allow reference to any object that is being manipulated or modified. Nore speific than RHW sense of work; this type does not represent conceptual works. RHW 'work': 6. materials, things, etc., on which one is working or is to work.`
Super-classes	SolidTangibleArtifact^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value HolderGripper^c

Worker^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worker`
Description	Anyone who performs a task that can be described as 'work' (a ''WorkingEvent'') whether paid or unpaid, whether or not the work can be described as typical of some occupation type. `The subtype ''PersonWithOccupation'' subsumes various occupational typs. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'worker' in WordNet: 1. (289) worker - (a person who works at a specific occupation; 'he is a good worker')`
Super-classes	HumanRole^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Unionist^c ContractWorker^c TemporaryWorker^c PersonWithOccupation^c BarTender^c Employee^c

Working-Class^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Working-Class

Description

''Working-Class'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to the ''WorkingClass'' and any of its members and things characteristic of the ''WorkingClass'', such as wages and lifestyle. 'Hourly' wage earners could be a subtype.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'working-class' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) propertyless, wage-earning, working-class, blue-collar - 
           (of those who work for wages especially manual or industrial laborers;
           'party of the propertyless proletariat'- G.B.Shaw)
        2. wage-earning, working-class - (working for hourly wages rather
            than fixed (e.g. annual) salaries; 'working-class occupations 
            include manual as well as industrial labor')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

WorkingCareer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingCareer`
Description	A ''WorkingCareer'' is a linearly ordered ''EventGroup'' listing in order the different ''Occupation''s that a Person has pursued during her/his lifetime. Each ''Occupation'' will occur during some portion of a Person's ''LifeTime''. `A Person may pursue one or more ''Occupation'', represented as a series of ''JobSituations''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'career' in WordNet: 2. (8) career, life history - (the general progression of your working or professional life; 'the general had had a distinguished career'; 'he had a long career in the law')`
Super-classes	LinearlyOrderedGroup^c EventGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only (OccupationType^c or Occupation^c or JobSituation^c)

WorkingClass^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingClass`
Description	The ''WorkingClass'' in WN is distinct from the ''MiddleClass'', but the glosses susggest that there is a lot of overlap, the property in common is that they are between the ''UpperClas'' and the lower class, neither rich nor poor. In COSMO the ''WorkingClass'' is a subtype of the 'MiddleClass'' - it may be most or all of the ''MiddleClass''. One may be ''Middleclass'' without working for a living. Anything specific?? NOTE that after a person retres and lives on a pension (including social Security) that Person and dependent family members are still ''WorkingClass''. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'working class' in WordNet: 1. labor, labour, working class, proletariat - (a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages; 'there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field')`
Super-classes	EconomicClass^c
Sub-classes	LowerMiddleClass^c

WorkingDog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingDog`
Description	A subtype of ''Dog''. CYC 'WorkingDog-FunctionalGroup': A collection of #$Dogs who are, or whose ancestors were, developed to perform tasks other than #$Hunting. Examples of such activities may include service to those with sensory or motor disabilties, tracking, rescue work, police, military, and protection work, livestock guarding, and drafting. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'working dog' in WordNet: 1. working dog - (any of several breeds of usually large powerful dogs bred to work as draft animals and guard and guide dogs)`
Super-classes	Dog^c
Sub-classes	SheepDog^c Husky^c SamoyedDog^c Mastiff^c Watchdog^c

WorkingEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingEvent`
Description	Activities which require a certain amount of physical or mental exertion, and which are not done purely for recreation, but rather as part of an occupation (to make a living), or to contribute to some goal, or out of some other obligation or necessity. Positive examples include a student doing homework for school, a homeowner mowing her lawn, a teacher teaching class, etc, a person filling out forms or paying taxes,. This is not necessarily as a part of paid employment; working for wages is the subtype 'Labor' NOTE that working is not necessarily a service, as it could be a manufacturing event. NOTE also that an instance may be a thing that is done by an Organization, such as a service provided by a corporation. This is a 'HumanActivity' even if computers do the unit work, as long as the computers are directed by a Person; in that case the computer is functioning as a tool for a Person controlling the work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'work' in WordNet: 1. (435) work - (activity directed toward making or doing something; 'she checked several points needing further work') WN verb 'work': 1. (77) work - (exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity; 'I will work hard to improve my grades'; 'she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor')
Super-classes	ValuableThing^c ExertingEffort^c HumanActivity^c PurposefulAction^c EngagingInAnActivity^c
Restrictions	occurredAt^op value Workplace^c
Sub-classes	OverworkingaSubordinate^c Housekeeping^c ManagementEvent^c Plowing^c RepairingEvent^c Tinkering^c WorkLoad^c Project^c Homemaking^c DayOfWork^c WorkingUnderContract^c UnpaidWork^c PaidTask^c ProfessionalServicing^c JobSituation^c Weeding^c Paperwork^c WorkingTogether^c Reforming^c Overworking^c

WorkingHead^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingHead`
Description	A ''WorkingHead'' is the part of a ''LongHandledTool'' that is located at the 'business' end of its ''LongHandle'' and performs the action that is the purpose of the tool. .
Super-classes	EngineeringComponent^c Device^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LongHandledTool^c isAttachedTo^op value LongHandle^c
Sub-classes	RakeHead^c MopHead^c ToolBlade^c

WorkingHours^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingHours`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hours' in WordNet: 1. (9) hours - (a period of time assigned for work; 'they work long hours')`
Super-classes	TimeOfDay^c WorkTime^c MeasurableTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	Overtime^c WorkShift^c

WorkingLocation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingLocation`
Description	A ''WorkingLocation'' is a ''WorkPlace'' where some Person performed some ''WorkingEvent'', for any interval of time, paid or unpaid, over any interval of time unless it is a long-term contract, in which case it is the subtype ''WorkPlace'', whch is. the place where one regularly performs work as a part of one's ''JobSituation''. `NOTE: for the place where a Person does most of a paid job (or is based if frequently travelling).`
Super-classes	GenericLocation^c
Restrictions	wasTheLocationOf^op value WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	TheWorkingField^c PhysicalExchange^c Workplace^c

WorkingSpot^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingSpot`
Description	CYC 'WorkStation': A permanent or semi-permanent arrangement with a device and facilities for working on that device. Includes cash register stations, check out counters, milling machine stations, kitchen top region (with all the gadgets). NOTE: this is not the moregeneric ''Workplace'' that can be as large as an industrial site. carrel, carrell, cubicle, stall NOTE: ''WorkingSpot'' has the same meaning as CYC 'WorkStation' but the term 'WorkStation' has come to refer commonly to a desktop computer (see ''Workstation''), so to avoid confusion, the 'WorkingSpot' term is used as a label. This includes the subtype ''Cubicle'' in an office.
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c Workplace^c
Sub-classes	Kiosk^c Cubicle^c WorkTable^c

WorkingTogether^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingTogether`
Description	Each ''WorkingTogether' is a ''WorkingEvent'' in which two or more people work to achieve a common goal, and both are working closely together, suach as in the same location (building or site) or are on the samesports ''Team''. This represents a closer degree of 'cooperation' than a ''CooperationEvent'' where the cooperation can be at a distance with minimal direct contact. Some overlap, NOTE that this differs subtly from parent ''CooperationEvent'' in that a ''WorkingTogether'' is performed with two or more people in direct contact in the same location (building or site),whereas the ''CooperationEvent'' could be performed in far separated locations, The parent includes this type, People can be ''WorkingTogether'' only if they are both contributing to advancing some common goal and are communicating in order to directly assist each other in advancing that goal. Just Working in the same ''WorkPlace'' by itself is not a subtype of this type ?People ''WorkingTogether'' would be ''AccompanyingaPerson''?? Perhaps, only if they are traveling from place to place while working together. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'collaborate' and noun sense 1 of 'collaboration' in WordNet: 1. (9) collaborate, join forces, cooperate, get together - (work together on a common enterprise of project; 'The soprano and the pianist did not get together very well'; 'We joined forces with another research group') WN noun 'collaboration': 1. (4) collaboration, coaction - (act of working jointly; 'they worked either in collaboration or independently') WN noun 'cooperation': 1. (7) cooperation - (joint operation or action; 'their cooperation with us was essential for the success of our mission')
Super-classes	DoingThingsTogether^c CooperationEvent^c WorkingEvent^c
Sub-classes	Teamwork^c CollaborativeProject^c

WorkingUnderContract^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingUnderContract`
Description	''WorkingUnderContract'' is a type of ''WorkingEvent'' in which the Worker is paid to erformtasks specified by a ''Contract'', in contrast with being paid a salary as an employee. `For any given Organizationm the Employees and Contractors are usually disjoint, though a Person can be a contractor for one agent and an Employee for another. Not clear how voluntary the RHW type of work is. 'coercible'??? No sense in WN for this, but in RHW 'contract labor' has a related sense 1. labor coercible by the enforceable provisions of a contract.`
Super-classes	WorkingEvent^c
Restrictions	wasPerformedByAgent^op some GenericWorker^c

WorkingaMetalObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorkingaMetalObject`
Description	''WorkingaMetalObject'' is a subtype of ''FashioningSomething'' in which the 'something' that has its shape changed is a ''MetalObject''. This includes processes that work while the metal is cold, and also the subtype ''ForgingaMetalObject'' in which the metal is heated to be worked. `Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'work' in WordNet: 5. (9) work, work on, process - (shape, form, or improve a material; 'work stone into tools'; 'process iron'; 'work the metal')`
Super-classes	FashioningSomething^c
Restrictions	hadChangedEntity^op some MetalObject^c
Sub-classes	ForgingaMetalObject^c

Workman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Workman`
Description	A ''Workman'' is a Wordnet synset between 'Employee''and ''ManualLaborer'' in the WN hierarchy. It is unclear how this is distinguished from the WN parent and child types. Perhaps this should be disjoint from ''GovernmentEmployee''? But this also seems to be distinct from people with skilled occupations generally. This seeems approximately the same as CYC 'BlueCollarWorker' - this will serve to merge the WN and CYC concepts: CYC :A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation and an instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$BlueCollarWorker is a person whose occupation is manual-labor intensive, sometimes demanding physical strength and, in some jobs, considerable skill, practical judgment, and work experience. Types of blue-collar workers include miners, truck drivers, steelworkers, construction workers, agricultural workers, laborers, mechanics, garbage collectors, assembly line workers, janitorial workers, etc. Their jobs may require some specialized training or apprenticeship but don't require a college degree. Cf. #$WhiteCollarWorker. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workman' in WordNet: 1. (3) workman, workingman, working man, working person - (an employee who performs manual or industrial labor)
Super-classes	PersonWithOccupation^c Employee^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value ManualLabor^c
Sub-classes	ManualLaborer^c Mover^c

Workplace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Workplace`
Description	A Workplace is a place where some individuals work on some regular basis, over a period of time long enough for them to be predictably there most work days. This is where the ''WorkingEvents'' called for in one's ''JobSituation'' are performed. Working temporarily (e.g. for a week or two) at some location does not make it a workplace - for that location, use ''Workinglocation''. A place where one has a desk and mail drop is always a Workplace, even if a worker is almost always elsewhere doing his/her actual work. NOTE: the ''TheWorkingField'' for any given Person, where they do ''FieldWork'' cannot be the same as that Person's ''Workplace'' Cyc: #$Workplace is a specialization of #$PhysicalContactLocation. Each instance of #$Workplace is a place where people customarily work. #$Workplace includes as instances offices, restaurant buildings, construction sites, agricultural sites, the #$SpaceNeedle, and so on. Some places may be #$Workplaces only during a small part of their existence (a piece of residential property while the house is being built, for example); some may almost always be #$Workplaces (grocery store buildings, office buildings, smithies, hospitals, and so on.). 'work' is included for the sense 'going to work' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workplace' in WordNet: 1. workplace, work - (a place where work is done; 'he arrived at work early today')
Super-classes	PhysicalContactLocation^c WorkingLocation^c
Sub-classes	Workshop^c ManufacturingFacility^c Newsroom^c Fishery^c WorkingSpot^c OfficeSpace-Personal^c OfficeBuilding^c OfficeSpace^c

Works^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Works`
Description	The Group of Actions some Person has taken that are notable (''Salient''), usually viewed as representative of the total sum of all successful actions that Person has taken. THe term 'works' often is taken not just to mean 'deeds' but instead the things produced, such as works of art. This Group is only for Actions, but the productionof a work of art can be included as one of those actions, and the work of art itself would them be pointed to by the instance of Action included. A Group of ''Physicalbjects'' considered as 'works' would have to be a different type - not yet (Rev1307) included. The word 'output' is also used to refer to things that a Person has produced (such as novels by a novelist) , but in WN the senses seem to mostly refer to output of commodities, whereas this type is for Actions that may include production of lierary works. `Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'works' in WordNet: 3. (1) works, deeds - (performance of moral or religious acts; 'salvation by deeds'; 'the reward for good works')`
Super-classes	ActionGroup^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op some SuccessfulAction^c

Workshop^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Workshop`
Description	SUMO: A Room, suite of Rooms or Building which is devoted to hand-crafting Artifacts. Not a factory and not the general sense of 'workplace'. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workshop and 2 of 'shop' in WordNet: 1. (6) workshop, shop - - (small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done)`
Super-classes	Workplace^c MultiRoomUnit^c
Restrictions	spatiallyContains^op value Tool^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Small^c
Sub-classes	ArtStudio^c HomeWorkshop^c Bindery^c

Workstation^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Workstation

Description

A ''Workstation'' is a ''SingleUserComputer'' formerly usually designed to sit on a desk, to allow for more power, but now a ''LaptopCompter'' can have the power equivalence, so this might apply to powerful laptops?? Some organizations provide ''LaptopComputer''s to employees that can be plugged in to the company network when the employee is at work.

      Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workstation' in WordNet:
        1. workstation - (a desktop digital computer that is conventionally considered 
          to be more powerful than a microcomputer)

Super-classes SingleUserComputer^c

WorldPeace^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldPeace`
Description	Each 'WorldPeace' is a PersistentState characterized by the Absence of War and throughout the world and friendly relations that are unlikely to lead to war (in some time period). This state may not be permannt, so there may be more than one instance, and it is therefore a class rather than an individual. It has probably never happened, depending on how one considers cases where there is no ongoing combat but hostility exists that could easily erupt into war. `A permanent state of 'WorldPeace' would be an individual, and is for many people a 'DesiredFutureSituation'. This is a state desired by many people, particularly by pacifists and Miss America contestants.`
Super-classes	Peace^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PermanentWorldPeace

WorldView^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldView`
Description	A ''WorldView'' includes any and all Feeling or Beliefs about broad topics of ''HumanActivity''s in general, especially of ''HumanRelationship''s to other people and society, and their relation to the ''RealWorld'' (our Universe), and perhaps extending to the likely destiny of humanity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'world view' in WordNet: 1. Weltanschauung, world view - (a comprehensive view of the world and human life)`
Super-classes	Stance^c
Restrictions	hasTopic^op value HumanRelationship^c hasTopic^op value HumanActivity^c hasTopic^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RealWorld^c
Sub-classes	Futurism^c

WorldWideWeb^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorldWideWeb

Description

The ''WorldWideWeb'' is a part of the ''Internet'' is a specific type available using HTTP protocols.

        Should This be an instance?

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'World Wide Web' in WordNet:
           1. World Wide Web, WWW, web - (computer network consisting of 
           a collection of internet sites that offer text and graphics and sound 
           and animation resources through the hypertext transfer protocol)

Super-classes Internet^c

Worldly^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worldly

Description

''Worldly'' is a subattribute of ''Sophisticated'' characterizing someone who is wise to the 'ways of the world' (which ways?? ''BehaviorTowardOthers'', among other ''HumanActivity''s).

    Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'worldly' in Wordnet:
      2. blase, worldly - (very sophisticated especially because of surfeit; 
         versed in the ways of the world; 'the blase traveler refers to the ocean 
         he has crossed as 'the pond''; 'the benefits of his worldly wisdom')

Super-classes Knowledgeable^c

Worldwide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worldwide

Description

An attribute things or attributes that occur throughout the world (Earth) in many different places or among many different social groups.

      Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'worldwide' and
        sense 2 of 'universal' in WordNet:
       WN adj 'worldwide':
         1. (1) worldwide, world-wide - (spanning or extending throughout
            the entire world; 'worldwide distribution'; 'a worldwide epidemic')
         3. cosmopolitan, ecumenical, oecumenical, general, universal, worldwide, 
             world-wide - (of worldwide scope or applicability; 
             'an issue of cosmopolitan import'; 'the shrewdest political and 
             ecumenical comment of our time'- Christopher Morley; 'universal experience')
       WN adj 'universal'
        1. (21) cosmopolitan, ecumenical, oecumenical, general, universal,
           worldwide, world-wide - (of worldwide scope or applicability;
           'an issue of cosmopolitan import'; 'the shrewdest political and 
           ecumenical comment of our time'- Christopher Morley; 'universal experience')

Super-classes Widespread^c

Worm^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worm`
Description	CYC: The collection of all worms; a subset of #$Animal. Each element of #$Worm is a long, thin, flexible, tubular or thread-like or ribbon-shaped animal (excluding eels, snakes, and limbless lizards); most worms are small or even microscopic. The collection #$Worm includes members of numerous worm phyla (see #$BiologicalPhylum), for example, Annelida (earthworms, etc.), Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nematoda (nematodes), Nemertia, tapeworms, liver flukes, etc. #$Worm also includes the vermiform larval stages of several species of #$Arthropod. #$Worm is not a standard scientific category (see #$BiologicalTaxon). `SUMO: Long, narrow, soft-bodied Invertebrates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'worm' in WordNet: 1. (3) worm - (any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae)`
Super-classes	Invertebrate^c
Sub-classes	Nematode^c FlatWorm^c

Wormwood^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wormwood`
Description	CYC: a bitter, aromatic plant, Artemisia absinthium, of the Old World, used as a vermifuge and a tonic, and as an ingredient in #$Absinthe. `In WN 'wormwood' sense 1 is a parent type for the CYC 'Wormwood'. This type includes the paret and the more specific 'Artemisia absinthium'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wormwood' in WordNet: 1. wormwood - (any of several low composite herbs of the genera Artemisia or Seriphidium) WN noun 'common wormwood': 1. common wormwood, absinthe, old man, lad's love, Artemisia absinthium - (aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste (used in making the liqueur absinthe)`
Super-classes	Bush^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Absinthe^c

Worn^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worn`
Description	A property of PhysicalObjects that are typically still useful or functional, but have visible damage to the surface due to use, in some cases having surface material removed by friction of contact with other objects, or being 'frayed' (as with cloth objects) such that some of the threads have been broken. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worn' in WordNet: 1. (2) worn - (affected by wear; damaged by long use; 'worn threads on the screw'; 'a worn suit'; 'the worn pockets on the jacket')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Damaged^c
Sub-classes	Ragged^c Weathered^c Tattered^c Shabby^c

WornOut^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WornOut

Description

An Attribute of some ''ArtifactObject'' that has been used and damaged to the point where it can no longer be used for its original design purpose with the same effectiveness. For clothing this may not mean that it cannot be worn, but it would look disreputable to some degree. (And yet, in the 2020's ''Jeans'' that look badly worn out are manufactured that way and sold as new, and considered by some (especially ''Teenager''s) to be ''Stylish''. Go figure.)

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worn-out' in Wordnet:
          1. raddled, worn-out - (used until no longer useful; 'battered trumpets and raddled radios';
            'worn-out shoes with flapping soles')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Damaged^c
Used^c

Worried^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worried

Description

''Worried'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''Worry''. This is more intense than ''Anxious'', ''nervous'' or ''Concerned'', in order of lesser intensity. The feeing of ''Worry'' tends to be directed toward some specific possible FutureSituation that is 'bad' for the worrier.

      'distressed' and 'disturbed' might be broken into a more intense subtype.??
       'disturbed'  can convey some suggestion of mental illness.

       Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'worried' in WordNet:
           1. (7) disquieted, distressed, disturbed, upset, worried - (afflicted with 
              or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief; 'too upset to say anything'; 
              'spent many disquieted moments'; 'distressed about her son's leaving home'; 
              'lapsed into disturbed sleep'; 'worried parents'; 'a worried frown'; 
              'one last worried check of the sleeping children')
           2. apprehensive, worried - (mentally upset over possible misfortune or danger etc;
               'apprehensive about her job'; 'not used to a city and worried about small things';
               'felt apprehensive about the consequences')

Super-classes Anxious^c

Worrisome^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worrisome`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worrisome' in Wordnet: 1. unreassuring, worrisome - (not reassuring; tending to cause anxiety)`
Super-classes	Distressing^c
Restrictions	isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing^op value Worry^c

WorrisomeSituation^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorrisomeSituation`
Description	A ProblemSituation that causes Worry to some agent.. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'worry' in WordNet; NOTE that this type is a Situation, therefore a Person per se cannot be an instance - to represent such notions, it is necessary to represent the situation desribing what state (Event) of that Person is the cause of Worry: in WordNet: 1. (8) concern, worry, headache, vexation - (something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness; 'New York traffic is a constant concern'; 'it's a major worry')`
Super-classes	ProblemSituation^c
Restrictions	isTheCauseOfMentalSituation^op value Worry^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Worrisome^c

Worry^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worry`
Description	'Worry' is a more intense form of 'Anxiety' that may also last longer than an Anxiety, which may be brief. A ''Worry'' tends to be directed toward a ''PossibleFutureDanger'' which is dangeerous and herefore ''Bad'' for some agent usually the worrier or someone close. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'worry' and sense 5 of 'trouble' in WordNet: WN noun 'worry: 2. (6) worry, trouble - (a strong feeling of anxiety; 'his worry over the prospect of being fired'; 'it is not work but worry that kills'; 'he wanted to die and end his troubles') WN verb 'worry': 1. (32) worry - (be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; 'I worry about my job') 2. (9) worry, care - (be concerned with; 'I worry about my grades')`
Super-classes	Anxiety^c
Restrictions	isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute^op value Worried^c hasTopic^op value PossibleFutureDanger^c
Sub-classes	Fretting^c

Worse^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worse`
Description	Each 'Worse' is a 'GoodnessValue' that specifies that the subject of the Comparison is even 'worse' (" badder ") than the object of the comparison. This is a simple attribute value, though comparisons can be more explicit. This type of comparative attribute represents a vague assertion, since the attribute itself is not specified other than 'bad'. If a linguistic phrase indicates the attribute that is worse (this car's acceleration is worse than that one's), this would have to be represented as some type of 'ComparativeMagnitude', where the attribute value ("hasAttributeOfComparison) is 'acceleration' and the ComparativeMagnitude (hasComparativeDifference) is 'Less'. To determine which comparative magnitide and which AttributeValue are referenced in such an assertion may require context and domain knowledge. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worse' in WordNet: 1. (15) worse - ((comparative of 'bad') inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability; 'this road is worse than the first one we took'; 'the road is in worse shape than it was'; 'she was accused of worse things than cheating and lying')`
Super-classes	Bad^c
Sub-classes	Sullied^c Damaged^c Inferior^c

Worsened^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worsened`
Description	Something ''Worsened'' is something has has been made worse by a ''WorseningEvent''. `Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'worsened' in Wordnet: 2. worsened - (made or become worse; impaired; 'troubled by the worsened economic conditions'; 'the worsened diplomatic relations')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c Changed^c
Sub-classes	Corrupted^c

Worsening^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worsening`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worsening' in Wordnet: 1. worsening - (changing for the worse; 'worried by the worsening storm')`
Super-classes	Changing^c
Sub-classes	Deteriorating^c

WorseningEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorseningEvent`
Description	A ''WorseningEvent'' is classified as such from the point of view of anyone who considers his/her situation, or the value of some object, to have worsened. It is a''LosingSomething'' where the thing lost is some functionality or positive attribute of something that continues to exist, not a complete destruction of the thing lost. This includes transitive and intransitive senses of 'worsen'. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'worsen' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'deteriorate' in WordNet: 1. (1) worsen, decline - (grow worse; 'Conditions in the slum worsened') 2. worsen, aggravate, exacerbate, exasperate - (make worse; 'This drug aggravates the pain') WN verb 'deteriorate': 1. (4) deteriorate - (become worse or disintegrate; 'His mind deteriorated') 2. (2) devolve, deteriorate, drop, degenerate - (grow worse; 'Her condition deteriorated'; 'Conditions in the slums degenerated'; 'The discussion devolved into a shouting match')
Super-classes	IntrinsicStateChangeEvent^c
Restrictions	objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Worse^c hasTheOppositeEffectOf^op value ImprovementEvent^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Worsened^c worsens^op some owl:Thing^c
Sub-classes	IncurringDamage^c Immobilizing^c Downturn^c Corrupting^c Inactivating^c Degeneration^c Breakdown^c GettingSick^c DeteriorationEvent^c Spoiling^c

Worshipping^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worshipping`
Description	RHUD 1: reverent honor and homage paid to God or a sacred personage, or to any object regarded as sacred. This is a subtype of 'MakingSomethingNoticeable' in which a IntelligentAgent acts so as to make evident to some deity his/her homage to that deity; this holds for 'worshipping' physical objects as long as the objects are believed to represent a deity that can interpret the actions as homage. The restriction specifies that the thing in evidence during a 'Worshipping' event is an Adoration - respect for a DivineBeing. `NOTE: @ToDo: this will usually qualify as a ReligiousRitual, but are there exceptions? Undecided as of rev837. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'worship' in WordNet: WN noun 'worship': 1. (12) worship - (the activity of worshipping) WN verb 'worship': 2. (2) worship - (show devotion to (a deity); 'Many Hindus worship Shiva') 3. (1) worship - (attend religious services; 'They worship in the traditional manner')`
Super-classes	MakingSomethingNoticeable^c CulturalThing^c PurposefulAction^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	showsEvidenceOf^op value AdorationOfaDivinity^c
Sub-classes	MuslimPrayer^c PraisingGod^c OfferingSomethingToaDeity^c ChurchService^c Idolatry^c

Worthiness^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worthiness

Description

'Worthiness' is an ''AttributeType'' of People that categorizes in what way or to what extent a person 'deserves' or 'merits' or 'is worthy of' some beneficial treatment. This is the 'merit' used in 'merit-bsed' admission to college, or promotion or salary raises..

    Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deservingness' in WordNet:
      1. deservingness, merit, meritoriousness - (the quality of being deserving 
        (e.g., deserving assistance); 'there were many children whose deservingness 
        he recognized and rewarded')

Super-classes Quality^c

Worthless^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worthless`
Description	The property of substances or objects that are considered (by their possesor) to have no positive value. This is used for a lack of either monetary, emotional, or social value. However, NOTE that such objects or substances may be considered by someone else as having some value, so this is not disjoint with 'ValuableThing'; and exampel is 'Scrap', material thrown out by its owner that nevertheless can be reprocessed into useful material. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worthless' in WordNet: 1. (1) worthless - (lacking in usefulness or value; 'a worthless idler')`
Super-classes	EvaluativeAttribute^c
Sub-classes	Useless^c Incompetent^c

WorthlessThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorthlessThing`
Description	Anything that has no net value to the cognitive agent that currently possesses it. The thing (object, substance, right) may have some value to someone else, but if the possessing agent considers it too much of a nuisance to try to gain paymenty for it, it is effectively worthless. This is the quality of trash, garbage, refuse, etc..
Super-classes	ThingWithAttribute^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Worthless^c
Sub-classes	Drivel^c Waste^c PieceOfRubble^c PieceOfTrash^c TrashItems^c

Worthwhile^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Worthwhile

Description

'Worthwhile'' is an attribute of Actions whose anticipated benefits outweigh the 'cost' in time or effort to perform them.

       Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worthwhile' in Wordnet:
         1. (3) worthwhile - (sufficiently valuable to 
            justify the investment of time or interest; 'a worthwhile book')

Super-classes EvaluativeAttribute^c
Useful^c

WorthyOfSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WorthyOfSomething`
Description	'WorthyOfSomething' is an EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment (usually about a Person) that the Person evaluated has some kind of Value with respect to some situation, e.g 'worthy of esteem'. When the linguistic phrase 'worthy of' is followed by some Situation, that is the situation that is referenced by the restriction 'refersToExternalEntity'; if not, the referenced Situation must be inferred from the context; a 'worthy husband' is someone that the speaker considers as an appropriate husband; a 'worthy opponent' is one who is not too easy for a person to defeat, etc. The 'restriction' is informational, and has no logical effect, since there are no instances of 'QualitativeAttributeValue' in COSMO. How this kind of information would be implmented is still to be determined: @ToDo. Note that the differences between the senses in Wordnet are vague: sense 1 includes 'worthy fellow' and sense 3 'worthy gentleman'. Whether there are logically distinguishable senses requires some further investigation. Includes sense 1, 2, and 3 of 'worthy' in WordNet: 1. (13) worthy - (having worth or merit or value; being honorable or admirable; 'a worthy fellow'; 'no student deemed worthy, and chosen for admission, would be kept out for lack of funds'- Nathan Pusey; 'worthy of acclaim'; 'worthy of consideration'; 'a worthy cause') 2. (1) desirable, suitable, worthy - (worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse; 'the parents found the girl suitable for their son') 3. worthy - (meriting respect or esteem; 'the worthy gentleman')
Super-classes	BehaviorAttribute^c Good^c
Restrictions	refersToExternalEntity^op some SituationProcessEventOrState^c
Sub-classes	Responsible^c Deserving^c

Would-Be^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Would-Be

Description

''Would-Be'' characterizes someone who tried but failed to do something or become some type or Role of Person.

      not the same as 'wannabe' - attribute of a Person who is trying or intends to try,
        but has not failed to become some type of Person.

      Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'would-be' in Wordnet:
        1. manque, would-be - (unfulfilled or frustrated in realizing an ambition)

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Wound^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wound`
Description	An injury to the skin or mucous membrane, including a rupture in those tissues, which is caused by external force rather than by internal disease. The kind of 'lesion' caused by infection is included in ''Lesion''. `A bruise would not be a ''Wound'' if the skin was not broken. NOTE that there is no object-like 'injury' or 'wound' in Wordnet. This is an ''Object'' for purposes of phrases like 'show me your wound'. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'wound' in WordNet, but the Wordnet parent is a state, not an Object: in Wordnet: 1. (22) wound, lesion - (any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision)`
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Restrictions	isLocatedAt^op value Skin^c
Sub-classes	Bite^c Cut^c ArthropodBite^c

Wounded^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wounded

Description

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wounded' in Wordnet:
          1. (19) hurt, wounded - (suffering from physical injury especially that suffered in battle;
            'nursing his wounded arm'; 'ambulances...for the hurt men and women')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c

Wounding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wounding`
Description	''Wounding'' is a PurposefulAction performed by some Animal that creates a 'Wound'' in the Animal attacked. `For creating an 'injury' (''Injury-Object'') that is not a ''Wound'' use ''Injuring''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wound' in WordNet: 1. (5) injure, wound - (cause injuries or bodily harm to)`
Super-classes	Injuring^c
Restrictions	worsens^op value PhysiologicalCondition^c produces^op value Wound^c
Sub-classes	Stabbing^c Goring^c

Woven^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Woven

Description

Woven like fabric.

     Metaphorical also??

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woven' in Wordnet:
        1. (1) woven - (made or constructed by interlacing threads or strips of material
           or other elements into a whole; 'woven fabrics'; 'woven baskets'; 'the incidents 
           woven into the story'; 'folk songs woven into a symphony')

Super-classes PastParticiple^c
Flexible^c

WovenObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WovenObject`
Description	An Object that is Woven like fabric.
Super-classes	TextileArtifact^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Woven^c

Wow^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wow`
Description	A suddenly emitted word expressing surprise (usually pleasant), or being impressed Uttered by someone who has been 'wowed' (See ''WowingSomeone'')
Super-classes	Exclamation^c

WowingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WowingSomeone`
Description	Each ''WowingSomeone'' is an intensive form of ''ImpressingSomeone'' , causing a high level of ''BeingImpressed''. many people who learn of it. `RHW 2. to gain an enthusiastic response from; thrill. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wow' in WordNet: 1. wow - (impress greatly; 'The speaker wowed the audience')`
Super-classes	ImpressingSomeone^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Impressive^c causesMentalEventType^op value BeingImpressed^c

Wrangler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrangler`
Description	A ''Wrangler'' is a ''Cowboy'' who tends horses on a ranch. `wrangler`
Super-classes	Cowboy^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Wrangling^c controls^op value GroupOfHorses^c

Wrangling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrangling`
Description	''Wrangling'' is a ''HerdingAnimals'' where the thing directed is a group of ''Horse''s. The Person doing this is typically ''Cowboy'' called a ''Wrangler'. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'wrangle' in WordNet: 2. wrangle - (herd and care for; 'wrangle horses')`
Super-classes	HerdingAnimals^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Wrangler^c hadThingAffected^op value GroupOfHorses^c

Wrap^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrap`
Description	A ClothingItem that is intended to be wrapped around the Person over other garments. This is interpreted in COSMO as including both indoor and outdoor loose-fitting body coverings. A 'Coat' is not a subtype because it is not loose-fitting. `The notion of 'loose-fitting' has not been represented in COSMO as of rev933. @ToDo. RHW sense 14 of 'wrap': 14. something to be wrapped about the person, esp. in addition to the usual indoor clothing, as a shawl, scarf, or sweater: an evening wrap. Includes noun sense 1 of 'wrap' in WordNet: 1. (1) wrap, wrapper - (cloak that is folded or wrapped around a person)`
Super-classes	OuterGarment^c
Sub-classes	Cape-Clothing^c Shawl^c

WrappedPackage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrappedPackage`
Description	A ''WrappedPackage' is a 'Package' of some substance or object(s) that is completely surrounded by some ''WrapperStuff''. this can be as large as a Pallet that is wrapped in plastc sheeting, or as small as an individual bar of candy or soap in a wrapper. This is a subtype of whatever the content is, and the wrapper is specified by the relation: ''isCompletelySurrounded3DBy'' (some ''WrapperStuff'). The specific ''WraperStuff'' need not be explicitly specified, but if known it should be mentioned. Likewise, the ''QuantityOfSomething'' wrapped in the package need not be explicitly specified. See ''WrappedGift''.
Super-classes	Package^c
Restrictions	isCompletelySurrounded3DBy^op only WrapperStuff^c hasContents^op only QuantityOfSomething^c
Sub-classes	PlasticWrappedPackage^c

Wrapper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrapper`
Description	A PhysicalObject in the form of a sheet, made of some WrapperStuff, designed to cover objects. `Cyc: The collection of pieces of sheet-like material that become containers when they are wrapped around objects. Examples include shrink-wrap packages and candy bar wrappers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wrapper' in Wordnet: 2. wrapping, wrap, wrapper - (the covering (usually paper or cellophane) in which something is wrapped)`
Super-classes	SheetOfSomeStuff^c Covering-Object^c
Restrictions	consistsMostlyOfSubstance^op value WrapperStuff^c isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value WrappingSomething^c isDesignedToCover^op value PhysicalObject^c

WrapperStuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrapperStuff`
Description	A Substance in the form of a sheet, designed to cover objects or features (openings), and perhaps also to have other uses.
Super-classes	SheetlikeSubstance^c
Sub-classes	PlasticWrap^c WaxedPaper^c AluminumFoil^c

WrappingInaSheet^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrappingInaSheet`
Description	Each 'WrappingInaSheet' is a 'WrappingSomething' in which a Person takes a SheetOfSomeStuff and wraps it around some SolidObject. This does not include putting things in boxes, though if the boxes are subsequently wrapped, that wrapping would be an instance of this type. `CYC: The collection of events in which a wrapper is wrapped around an object Corresponds to sense 1 of 'wrap' in WordNet: 1. (5) wrap, wrap up - (arrange or fold as a cover or protection; 'wrap the baby before taking her out'; 'Wrap the present')`
Super-classes	CoveringSomething^c WrappingSomething^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some SheetOfSomeStuff^c

WrappingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrappingSomething`
Description	Each 'WrappingSomething' is an Action in which an IntentionalAgent takes a CordlikeObject or a SheetOfSomeStuff and wraps it around some SolidObject. The subtypes 'WrappingInaSheet' and 'WrappingWithaLine' represent the wrapping actions that use a SheetOfSomeStuff or a CordlikeObject, respectively, to do the wrapping. NOTE that some animals do 'WrappingSomething' such as spiders that wrap their prey in spider silk, so this is not specifically a HumanActivity, though it usually is. This includes Events in which the object being wrapped is not entirely covered, as in wrapping a body in a blanket, while leaving the head sticking out. This includes wrapping papers in twine and other 'wrapping' actions that use a cord or string. For specifically wrapping something in a sheet, use 'WrappingInaSheet'. NOTE that a 'WrappingSomething', if done with a CordlikeObject, has some resemblance to a 'WindingSomethingOntoaSpool', but this type has as goal the securing of the thing wrapped, and a 'winding' process has as goal the securing of the wrapping cord, so these do not have any overlaps, though linguistically the same word ('wrap') may be used. The word 'wind' will seldom if ever be used to refer to the Event represented by this type. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'wrap' in WordNet: 1. (5) wrap, wrap up - (arrange or fold as a cover or protection; 'wrap the baby before taking her out'; 'Wrap the present') 2. (4) wind, wrap, roll, twine - (wrap or coil around; 'roll your hair around your finger'; 'Twine the thread around the spool')
Super-classes	AnimalActivity^c
Restrictions	usesInstrument^op value Wrapper^c
Sub-classes	WrappingInaSheet^c WrappingWithaLine^c

WrappingWithaLine^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrappingWithaLine`
Description	Each 'WrappingWithaLine' is a 'WrappingSomething' in which a Person takes a CordlikeObject and wraps it around some SolidObject. This does not include putting things in boxes, though if the boxes are subsequently wrapped, that wrapping would be an instance of this type. `This includes wrapping (bundling) papers in twine and other 'wrapping' actions that use a cord or string. For specifically wrapping something in a sheet, use 'WrappingInaSheet'. Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'wrap' in WordNet: 2. (4) wind, wrap, roll, twine - (wrap or coil around; 'roll your hair around your finger'; 'Twine the thread around the spool')`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c WrappingSomething^c
Restrictions	requiresResource^op some CordlikeObject^c

Wrath^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrath

Description

COSMO: the feeling experienced by someone who is very angry and inclined to punish the agent causing the anger.

      Random House Webster:
      1. (8) wrath - (intense anger (usually on an epic scale))
      2. wrath, anger, ire, ira - (belligerence aroused by a real or supposed
           wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins))
      This corresponds to sense 3 in WordNet, which COSMO
      considers as a subtype of 'Anger' and not synonymous with 'Anger.
      WordNet senses of Anger and wrath:
     in Wordnet:
       1.(22) anger, choler, ire - (a strong emotion; a feeling that is 
            oriented toward some real or supposed grievance)
   2. (1) anger, angriness - (the state of being angry)
       3. wrath, anger, ire, ira - (belligerence aroused by a real or 
          supposed wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins))

Super-classes Anger^c

WreakingSomething^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WreakingSomething`
Description	''WreakingSomething'' is a ''CausingAnEvent'' Action that causes some other Event or Situation. The term 'wreak' or its past tense 'wrought' is often used to refer to some negative situation, but the synonymous terms have that connotation less often. `RHW verb 'wreak': 1. to inflict or execute (punishment, vengeance, etc.): They wreaked havoc on the enemy Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wreak' in WordNet: 1. (1) bring, work, play, wreak, make for - (cause to happen or to occur as a consequence; 'I cannot work a miracle'; 'wreak havoc'; 'bring comments'; 'play a joke'; 'The rain brought relief to the drought-stricken area')`
Super-classes	CausingAnEvent^c
Restrictions	mayCause^op only UndesirableThing^c causes^op only PhysicalSituation^c

Wreath^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wreath`
Description	A ''Wreath'' is a circular Arrangement of cut ''PlantPart''s used as a decoration. The parts are maintained in their proper position by cords or wires, and sometimes glue. This can be mimicked by artificial plant parts, but this type is for real plants. `NOTE: a 'lei' should be a subtype. A 'garland' can be linear and non-circular, as with garlands strung around a Christmas tree. Needs more detail. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wreath' in WordNet: 1. (2) wreath, garland, coronal, chaplet, lei - (flower arrangement consisting of a circular band of foliage or flowers for ornamental purposes)`
Super-classes	Arrangement^c Ornament^c
Restrictions	hasComponentElement^op only PlantPart^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Circular^c
Sub-classes	FloralWreath^c

Wreckage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wreckage`
Description	''Wreckage'' is an ''ObjectGroup'' consisting of one or more parts of some ArtifactObject that has been destroyed (produced by a ''Wrecking'' Event). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wreckage' in WordNet: 1. (1) wreckage - (the remaining parts of something that has been wrecked; 'they searched the wreckage for signs of survivors')`
Super-classes	Role^c PhysicalObject^c ObjectGroup^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyProducedByEventType^op value Wrecking^c hasComponentElement^op value PartOfanArtifact^c isaPartOf^op value WreckedObject^c

Wrecked^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrecked

Description

A property of PhysicalObjects that are typically useful or functional, but have ceased to be useful or functional as a result of a 'DamagingEvent'. This is a more intensive state of being 'Damaged' than the general sense. This does not include living things; if a living thing is comparably 'Damaged' it would be Dead.

     Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wrecked' in WordNet:
         1. wrecked - (destroyed in an accident; 'a wrecked ship';
            'a highway full of wrecked cars')

Super-classes Damaged^c
Ineffective^c
Broken^c

WreckedObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WreckedObject`
Description	A PhysicalObject that has become 'Wrecked' (i.e. unable to function or to be repaired economically) as a result of a 'DamagingEvent'. Similar to CYC 'RuinedArtifact': #$RuinedArtifact is the class of artifacts which have, either due to wear and tear over a long time, or due to destructive events, human-caused or otherwise, been degraded to the point that they can't serve their intended function. If something is a #$RuinedArtifact, then it's usually so far gone that it can't be repaired. Specializations include ruined buildings, junked cars, smashed pottery, etc. Includes sense 4 and part of sense 1 of 'wreck' in Wordnet - this term does not apply to animals; 'huma wreck' would be a metaphorical use.; in WordNet: 1. (1) wreck - (something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation; 'the house was a wreck when they bought it'; 'thanks to that quack I am a human wreck') 4. wreck - (a ship that has been destroyed at sea)
Super-classes	ArtifactObject^c NonFunctionalObject^c DamagedObject^c
Restrictions	wasaPhysicalPartOf^op value ArtifactObject^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Wrecked^c
Sub-classes	Shipwreck^c Ruins^c

Wrecking^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrecking`
Description	The Class of Events where an agent (intentionally or unintentionally) by applying force causes substantial physical damage to an ArtifactObject sufficient to make it economically unrepairable - a total loss. This does not preclude someone from repairing it anyway, even if it would be cheaper to buy a replacement. The damage must be at least partly to the exterior, and may be (but does not have to be) enough to cause separation of parts. The 'Agent' can be a force of nature: 'wrecked by the hurricane' One may specify the type of thing wrecked, or the individual thing. But We can't have a union of class and metaclass as value, so just use the type. The individual can also be specified, but the type is required by the restriction. NOTE: the sense of 'wreck' involving natural objects, such as 'drinking wrecked his health' is not included in this type. That would be 'HarmingAnAgent'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wreck' in WordNet: 1. (10) bust up, wreck, wrack - (smash or break forcefully; 'The kid busted up the car')
Super-classes	DamagingEvent^c PhysicalDestructionEvent^c
Restrictions	hadDamagedObject^op some ArtifactObjectType^c

Wrench^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrench`
Description	CYC: A tool used for rotating things like bolts. `Wrenches come in several type - adjustable wrenches have flat jaws, and pipe wrenches have serrated jaws. Fixed-width wrenches can have one or both ends with U-shaped gripping jaws. There are hex wrenches, star-bit wrenches, and each come in multiple widths, and various others - hundreds. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wrench' in WordNet: 3. wrench, spanner - (a hand tool that is used to hold or twist a nut or bolt)`
Super-classes	HardwareTool^c HolderGripper^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce^op value Rotating^c
Sub-classes	AdjustableWrench^c TorqueWrench^c

WrenchedBodyPart^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrenchedBodyPart`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrench' in WordNet: 1. wrench, twist, pull - (a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments; 'the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell'; 'he was sidelined with a hamstring pull')`
Super-classes	Injury-Object^c
Sub-classes	Sprain^c

Wrestler^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrestler`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrestler' in WordNet: 1. (1) wrestler, grappler, matman - (combatant who tries to throw opponent to the ground)`
Super-classes	Fighter^c Athlete^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value WrestlingSportsEvent^c

WrestlingSportsEvent^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrestlingSportsEvent`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'wrestle' in WordNet: 4. wrestle - (engage in a wrestling match; 'The children wrestled in the garden') WN noun 'wrestling': 1. (1) wrestle, wrestling, grapple, grappling, hand-to-hand struggle - (the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat; 'they had a fierce wrestle'; 'we watched his grappling and wrestling with the bully')`
Super-classes	CombatSportsEvent^c Bout^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unarmed^c isPerformedBy^op value Wrestler^c

Wretched^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wretched`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wretched' in Wordnet: 2. (2) miserable, wretched - (characterized by physical misery; 'a wet miserable weekend'; 'spent a wretched night on the floor')`
Super-classes	VeryBad^c

WringingaWetObject^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WringingaWetObject`
Description	A ''WringingaWetObject'' is a ''SqueezingEvent'' in which some ''FabricObject'' is squeezed, either by twisting (usually with the hands), or by pressing between the rollers of a 'wringer'. `@ToDo: a wringing with the hands may be the most common form, perhaps should be a subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wring' in WordNet: 4. wring - (twist, squeeze, or compress in order to extract liquid; 'wring the towels')`
Super-classes	SqueezingEvent^c DecreaseEvent^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value WetFabricObject^c causesDecreaseIn^op value Wetness^c

Wrinkle^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrinkle

Description

A ''Wrinkle'' is a line-shaped 'depression' on a surface. If there are more than one ''Wrinkle'', the depressions will alternate with 'ridges' (a ''Convexity'') to form a corrugated surface. This term is only used with person-sized objects such as clothing and skin.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrinkle' in WordNet:
        1. (4) wrinkle, furrow, crease, crinkle, seam, line - (a slight depression in
         the smoothness of a surface; 'his face has many lines'; 'ironing gets rid of most wrinkles')

Super-classes LineOnaSurface^c
DepressionOnObject^c

Wrinkled^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrinkled`
Description	CYC: Surfaces which are #$covers-Generic ridges, creases, folds. Caused by aging, crumpling, folding, contraction or the like. `Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'wrinkled' in Wordnet: 1. (4) wrinkled, wrinkly - (marked with wrinkles or furrows; 'her ancient wrinkled cheeks') 2. wrinkled - (marked by wrinkles; 'tired travelers in wrinkled clothes')`
Super-classes	Uneven^c
Sub-classes	Crinkled^c

Wrinkling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrinkling`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'wrinkle' in Wordnet: 2. (1) wrinkle, ruckle, crease, crinkle, scrunch, scrunch up, crisp - (make wrinkles or creases into a smooth surface; 'The dress got wrinkled')`
Super-classes	Folding^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op value SheetOfSomeStuff^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Wrinkled^c

Wrist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrist`
Description	Flexible joint between the hand and the forearm. `SUMO: The joint in the Arm connecting the radius and carpal bones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrist' in WordNet: 1. (9) wrist, carpus, wrist joint, radiocarpal joint, articulatio radiocarpea - (a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones)`
Super-classes	ExternalAnatomicalPart^c GlidingJoint^c
Restrictions	isAnOrganicPartOf^op value Arm^c

WristWatch^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WristWatch

Description

A ''WristWatch'' is a ''Watch'' worn on the wrist.

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wristwatch' in WordNet:
         1. wristwatch, wrist watch - (a watch that is worn strapped to the wrist)

Super-classes DurableGood^c
SomethingToWear^c
SelfPoweredDevice^c
Watch^c

Writ^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Writ`
Description	CYC: The collection of all written orders by a court [#$Court-Judicial] ordering and authorizing a #$LegalAgent to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing some specific act or type of act. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writ' in WordNet: 1. (2) writ, judicial writ - ((law) a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer)`
Super-classes	LegalDocument^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Court-Judicial^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Permission^c
Sub-classes	Subpoena^c

WriteDown^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WriteDown`
Description	A ''WriteDown'' is a ''FinancialLoss'' in which some ''FinancialAsset'' of a Corporation is reduced in value. The Corporation uses such losses in calculating . `NOTE: this is the actual loss itself, not a record or report of a loss. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'write-down' in WordNet: 1. write-off, write-down - ((accounting) reduction in the book value of an asset)`
Super-classes	FinancialLoss^c
Restrictions	hadReducedEntity^op some AssetValue^c

Writer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Writer`
Description	A subtype of Author who is practised or proficient at composing prose works, including 'scrpts' for play or movis, and has published some prose work (perhaps self-published on the internet) but not necessarily a professional. This differs from the Cyc usage. Professionals or those more practised than an amateur would be classified under subtypes of this category. `Cyc: Not the same as Author. A writer is someone who writes as an occupation (for a living); an author may or may not be a writer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writer' in Wordnet: 1. (36) writer, author - (writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay))`
Super-classes	ProfessionalPerson^c Author^c
Restrictions	practicesOccupation^op value WritingForPublication^c
Sub-classes	Columnist^c Biographer^c Journalist^c Copywriter^c Scriptwriter^c Novelist^c ScriptWriter^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#IsaacAsimov

Writing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Writing`
Description	COSMO note: this subtype of 'MakingWrittenMaterial' is for producing text by hand (as opposed to printing), whether or not assisted by a device such as a typewriter or computer keyboard, or cell phone keypad. Printing out something previously typed, or printing on a press, are not instances of this type. Writing is not necessarily creative - an act of copying something already written is also an act of Writing. However, every act of Writing does produce some TextualMaterial - a PhysicalObject with a representation of text on or in it. The arrangments of magnetic or electronic coded symbols in a computer memory or storage medium counts as 'TextualMaterial', so using a Word Processor is an instance of this type. Cyc: A specialization of both #$HumanActivity and #$VisualInformationGeneratingAct. Each instance of #$Writing is an action in which some text is produced, either via writing by hand or writing with a machine, such as a typewriter or a computer. An instance of #$Writing could be a single episode of writing, or a discontinuous series of episodes (as when one writes a letter over a few days). #$Writing is not a specialization of #$Communicating, because in some instances of #$Writing there is not a successful transfer of information to another agent. NOTE that writing is not necessarily a Communication, as a Communication must have an intended recipient as well as a creator. SUMO: A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content is converted from one form (e.g. uttered, written or represented mentally) into a written form. Note that this class covers both transcription and original creation of written Texts. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'write' in WordNet: 7. (8) write - (mark or trace on a surface; 'The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper'; 'Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet')
Super-classes	VisualInformationGeneratingAct^c HumanActivity^c MakingWrittenMaterial^c MarkingOnASurface^c Paperwork^c
Restrictions	produces^op some TextualMaterial^c
Sub-classes	WritingaLetter^c WritingInCapitalLetters^c FillingInBlankSpace^c WritingByHand^c DottingaLetter^c TypingElectronically^c Typing^c PunctuatingText^c DocumentCreation^c WritingByTypewriter^c Decoding^c Captioning^c SpellingaWord^c WritingWithChalk^c Encoding^c

WritingBoard^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingBoard`
Description	A ''WritingBoard'' is a ''Board'' used to support sheets of paper to assist writing on them. This can be made of wood or wood composite or hard cardboard or plastic. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writing board' in WordNet: 1. writing board - (work surface consisting of a wide lightweight board that can be placed across the lap and used for writing)`
Super-classes	SmallObject^c WorkSurface^c WritingSurfaceProduct^c Board^c
Restrictions	enablesOrAssists^op value WritingByHand^c
Sub-classes	Clipboard^c

WritingByHand^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingByHand`
Description	The act of creating a text on some surface - usually paper, or a blackboard or whiteboard - using a 'HandWritingImplement' such as a pen or pencil, controlled directly by the hand. The resulting text has the property 'Handwritten'..
Super-classes	ApplyingSomethingToSurface^c Writing^c MarkingOnASurface^c
Restrictions	requiredInstrument^op only HandWritingImplement^c produced^op some HandwrittenText^c
Sub-classes	SigningSomething^c CalligraphyWriting^c JottingDownSomething^c Scribbling^c

WritingByTypewriter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingByTypewriter`
Description	''WritingByTypewriter'' is the act of creating a text on paper by using a ''Typewriter'' - one with a traditional keyboard, whether mechanical or electrical. This is not for creating text on a word processor or computer. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'type' in WordNet: 1. (2) type, typewrite - (write by means of a keyboard with types; 'type the acceptance letter, please')`
Super-classes	MarkingOnASurface^c Writing^c
Restrictions	produced^op some Typescript^c requiredInstrument^op only Typewriter^c

WritingDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingDevice`
Description	A 'WritingDevice' is any Device used to create written text, including pens, typewriters, calligraphy brushes, and commputer keyboards. For the more specific shaft-like devices (pens and pencils and crayons) use 'HandWritingImplement' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writing implement' in WordNet: 1. writing implement - (an implement that is used to write)`
Super-classes	Device^c
Restrictions	isUsedAsInstrumentInAction^op value Writing^c
Sub-classes	Typewriter^c HandWritingImplement^c

WritingForPublication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingForPublication`
Description	''WritingForPublication'' is a subtype of ''PublishingWrittenMaterial'' that specifically covers the action of Person who writes and publishes in print (by her/himself or through a Publisher) the thing written. This includes books, magazine articles, scientific journal articles, and newspaper articles (including op-ed pieces). `Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'publish' in WordNet: 3. (4) publish, write - (have (one's written work) issued for publication; 'How many books did Georges Simenon write?'; 'She published 25 books during her long career')`
Super-classes	PublishingWrittenMaterial^c
Restrictions	produces^op value PublishedMaterial^c isPerformedBy^op some Person^c

WritingInCapitalLetters^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingInCapitalLetters`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'capitalize' in WordNet: 3. capitalize, capitalise - (write in capital letters)`
Super-classes	Writing^c
Restrictions	produces^op value WrittenWord^c objectHasAttributeAfter^op value Capitalized^c produces^op value CapitalizedWord^c

WritingInHieroglyphs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingInHieroglyphs`
Description	''WritingInHieroglyphs'' is a ''MakingWrittenMaterial' in which the symbols used are Egyptian ''Hieroglyph''s.
Super-classes	WritingInPictographs^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Hieroglyph^c occurredAt^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AncientEgypt^c

WritingInPictographs^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingInPictographs`
Description	''WritingInPictographs'' is a ''MakingWrittenMaterial' in which the symbols used are ''Pictograph''s.
Super-classes	WritingWithIdeograms^c
Restrictions	uses^op value Pictograph^c
Sub-classes	WritingInHieroglyphs^c

WritingStyle^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingStyle`
Description	A ''WritingStyle'' is a ''LinguisticManner'' used in writing, whether prose or poetry. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writing style' in WordNet: 1. writing style, literary genre, genre - (a style of expressing yourself in writing)`
Super-classes	LinguisticManner^c
Sub-classes	LiteraryForm^c

WritingSurfaceProduct^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingSurfaceProduct`
Description	Kinds of objects produced to serve as a writing surfaces, surfaces on which marking are intentionally made to communicate.
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c DurableGood^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value Writing^c
Sub-classes	Parchment^c SheetOfWritingPaper^c WritingBoard^c

WritingSymbol^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingSymbol`
Description	A ''WritingSymbol'' is one of the set of Symbols that are used in some system of writng to repreent a idea or a sound or some other element that can be used in combination with others to convey ideas and preserve them in a Physical form that can be interpreted by (usually other) people, for purpose of communication. Among the subtypes are phonetic symbols of a phonetic alphabet, egyptian hieroglyphs, and Chinese ideographs. Less well developed systems of writing have been CYC: 'WritingSymbolCharacter': The specialization of #$Character-Abstract whose instances are characters used as writing symbols in some writing system or other. Specializations of #$WritingSymbolCharacter include #$Letter-Alphabetic, #$Numeral, #$RomanLetter, #$ChineseCharacter, and many others. Instances of #$WritingSymbolCharacter include the Roman letter 'a', the Arabic numeral '1', and #$PercentSign-TheSymbol. (See also #$WritingSymbolCharacterSet.) The closest WN sense is 'writing' sense 4, but that does not distinguish between the abstract symbol and its representation on a surface - this type is the abstract symbol. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'writing' in WordNet: 4. (3) writing - (letters or symbols written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language; 'he turned the paper over so the writing wouldn't show'; 'the doctor's writing was illegible') WN noun 'written symbol': 1. written symbol, printed symbol - (a written or printed symbol)
Super-classes	AbstractSymbol^c
Restrictions	isUsedInAction^op value MakingWrittenMaterial^c
Sub-classes	Ideogram^c AbstractCharacter^c Logogram^c

WritingSystem^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingSystem`
Description	A 'WritingSystem'' is a ''NotationalSystem'' for writing a Language that uses a Group of ''NotationalSymbol''s (''AbstractSymbol''s) ordered by a writing convention (order of the symbols, left to right or vice-versa, top to bottom, capitalization, pronunciation, spacing, etc) to represent the ideas that can be communicated by a Humanlanguage. The sybols may represent sounds, as in a ''PhoneticWritingSystem'', or ideas as in Egyptian hieroglyphs or Chinese ideographs..
Super-classes	NotationalSystem^c
Restrictions	hasPart^op some WritingSymbol^c
Sub-classes	Hieroglyphics^c

WritingWithChalk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingWithChalk`
Description	Writing on an object with a piece of chalk. `@ToDo: uses ''Chalk-WritingImplement'' produces 'erasable text' - Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chalk' in WordNet: 1. chalk - (write, draw, or trace with chalk)`
Super-classes	Writing^c
Restrictions	produces^op some TextualMaterial^c

WritingWithIdeograms^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingWithIdeograms`
Description	''WritingWithIdeograms'' is a ''MakingWrittenMaterial' in which the symbols used are mostly some form of ''Ideogram'' (such as Egyptian ''Hieroglyph''s.) `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ideography' in WordNet: 1. ideography - (the use of ideograms in writing)`
Super-classes	HumanActivity^c MarkingOnASurface^c VisualInformationGeneratingAct^c MakingWrittenMaterial^c
Restrictions	uses^op min 2
Sub-classes	WritingInPictographs^c

WritingaComputerProgram^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingaComputerProgram`
Description	WritingaComputerProgram' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent creates some ''ComputerProgram'' - on paper or in electronic form and runs it on a a computer. CYC 'ProgrammingAComputer': A specialization of both #$ComputerActivity and #$IBTGeneration-Original. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some #$Agent programs some #$Computer by physically typing a copy of the program into it. For particularly clever or expert programming feats, see #$Hacking. See also #$WritingAComputerProgram -- the collection of events in which some #$Agent creates a #$ComputerProgram-CW (of course many instances of #$WritingAComputerProgram will also be instances of #$ProgrammingAComputer). Includes RHW sense of 'code': 14. Computers. to translate (a program) into language that can be communicated to the computer. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'programming' in WordNet: 2. programming, programing, computer programming, computer programing - (creating a sequence of instructions to enable the computer to do something) WN verb 'program': 2. (3) program, programme - (write a computer program)
Super-classes	UsingaComputer^c CreatingaConceptualWork^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	produces^op some ComputerProgram^c
Sub-classes	Hacking^c

WritingaLetter^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WritingaLetter`
Description	Each 'WritingaLetter' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent creates a physical Text that is a letter, whether or not the letter is intended to be sent. This is not in itself a Communication, but the sending of the letter would be.. `Includes verb sense 2 and parts of sense 4 and 5 of 'write' in WordNet: 2. (97) write - (communicate or express by writing; 'Please write to me every week') 4. (15) write, drop a line - (communicate (with) in writing; 'Write her soon, please!') 5. (10) write - (communicate by letter; 'He wrote that he would be coming soon')`
Super-classes	Writing^c CommunicatingInWriting^c
Restrictions	produces^op some Letter^c

Written^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Written`
Description	The attribute of any text in any language with a writing system, on any surface (but not usually applied to text stored in electronic media unless also available one paper). `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'written' in WordNet: 1. (9) written - (set down in writing in any of various ways; 'written evidence')`
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Defined^c HandWritten^c Typewritten^c

WrittenCommunication^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenCommunication`
Description	Every 'WrittenCommunication' is a 'Document-Physical' produced with the intention of putting information into a stable form, in order to convey information to another person. For creating written information that may be used by the person creating it, see ''PhysicalEventRecord''. This is an Object, not an Action. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'written communication' in WordNet: 1. written communication, written language - (communication by means of written symbols)`
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op only CommunicatingInWriting^c
Sub-classes	Transcription^c ReportDocument^c Letter^c

WrittenEntry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenEntry

Description

A ''WrittenEntry'' is physical ''TextualMaterial' that is a relatively small part of a larger ''Document-Physical'', especially one that is organized into multiple sections, like a diary, or ledger.

       Includes  noun senses 1 and 3 of 'entry' in WordNet:
          1. (10) entry - (an item inserted in a written record)
          3. (2) entry, accounting entry, ledger entry - (a written record of a commercial transaction)

Super-classes TextualMaterial^c

WrittenExam^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenExam`
Description	A 'WrittenExam'' is a ''Questionnaire'' (a ''Form-StandardizedIBO'') having questions and usually blank spaces in which to write answers, or in a 'multiple-choice' exam, boxes next to ossibleanswers that can be checked or filled in to indicate the examinee's answer.. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 'examination', in WordNet; in WordNet: 2. (1) examination, exam, test - - (a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge; 'when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions')`
Super-classes	Questionnaire^c
Sub-classes	Quiz^c ComprehensiveExam^c

WrittenLog^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenLog`
Description	A ''WrittenLog'' is a ''WrittenRecord'' that is contained in some ''LogBook''. `NOTE: there are two types of 'log' represented in Wordnet, but there are others as well. This type will be the parent type for all subtypes. This is the portion of ''Logbook' consisting of the written entries. There may be other parts`
Super-classes	WrittenRecord^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value LogBook^c
Sub-classes	VoyageLog^c MessageLog^c

WrittenRecord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenRecord`
Description	A ''WrittenRecord''' is any ''Document-Physical'' that contains thoughts or observations of some Person.produced as a means of recording the ideas or observations so as to be able to remember it accurately. The writing can be handwriting or typing or computer keyboard entry. For the more specific writing that records events rather than just thoughts, use ''PhysicalEventRecord''. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'written record' in WordNet: 1. written record, written account - (a written document preserving knowledge of facts or events)`
Super-classes	Document-Physical^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value WrittenWork^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Written^c
Sub-classes	PoliceBlotter^c Note^c PhysicalEventRecord^c WrittenLog^c LogBook^c

WrittenTest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenTest`
Description	A 'WrittenTest' is an AbstractDocument containing a GroupOfQuestions (plus optional other Text) designed to assess some mental attribute of the Person tested. A WrittenTest assesses Knowledge or some other mental attribute: @ToDo: a Generic mental attribute has not yet (r897) been represented in COSMO. `Corresponds only approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students')`
Super-classes	AbstractDocument^c
Restrictions	isUsedToAssess^op value Capability^c isUsedToAssess^op value Knowledge^c containsSymbolicObject^op value GroupOfQuestions^c

WrittenTesting^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenTesting

Description

A 'WrittenTesting' is an Action in which one or more questions are given in writing to a Person to measure some mental attribute of that Person. Each instance is an execution of a 'MentalTestProcedure'

   Corresponds only approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet:
        1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test -
         (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory 
         or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 
         'the test was standardized on a large sample of students')

Super-classes MentalTesting^c

WrittenWord^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenWord`
Description	A ''WrittenWord'' is any one of the 'words' in some ''TextualMaterial'' (and may be the only word, as on a 'stop' sign). A ''WrittenWord'' may contain a space, if it is an indivisible combination of words that represent a single concept defined in some lexicon.
Super-classes	TextualMaterial^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Written^c isaPhysicalRepresentationOf^op value Word^c
Sub-classes	CapitalizedWord^c

WrittenWork^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrittenWork`
Description	Each ''WrittenWork'' is the textual portion of some 'ConceptualWork, not including graphical material. This distinguishes written material from pictures or sounds (e.g. voice or music) or specifications for movement such as ballet (unless the specifications are written).
Super-classes	ConceptualWork^c AbstractText^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value Author^c isaPartOf^op some ConceptualWork^c
Sub-classes	JointWrittenWork^c BookText-Abstract^c

Wrong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrong

Description

This type is morally ''Wrong'', not 'incorrect'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'wrong' in Wordnet:
          2. (12) wrong - (contrary to conscience or morality or law;
              'it is wrong for the rich to take advantage of the poor'; 
              'cheating is wrong'; 'it is wrong to lie')

Super-classes Bad^c

Wrongdoer^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrongdoer`
Description	A ''Wrongdoer'' is a ''Person'' who has performed an Action ''Wrongdoing'' - against some moral or legal rule. `NOTE:'ofender' is also used for a Person who performs ''Offending'', an 'Offensive'' action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrongdoer' in WordNet: 1. wrongdoer, offender - (a person who transgresses moral or civil law)`
Super-classes	BadGuy^c Offender^c
Restrictions	performsAction^op value Wrongdoing^c
Sub-classes	Bully^c Deceiver^c Abuser^c JuvenileDelinquent^c Sinner^c Assailant^c Criminal^c Pimp^c Evildoer^c Plagiarist^c

Wrongdoing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrongdoing`
Description	Any Action that violates some moral or ethical or legal principle. This is a subtype of ''UndesirableBehavior'' and represents a violation of a rule that is impotant to more people than that which is violated in a ''UndesirableBehavior''. Although what may be wrongdoing to one person may be perfectly acceptable to another, this type can be used to express that an act is unacceptable in some code of conduct. The restriction requires that the Rule that is violated be specified. For more specifically illegal things, use 'IllegalAction', and for acts violating what the actor herself recognizes as an obligation, use 'ViolatingAnObligation'.. A politician who says 'I didn't do anything wrong' is denying an act of 'Wrongdoing'. This includes violation of moral or ethical codes - but for specifically legal transgressions, use the subtype 'IllegalAction'; for moral transgressions, use 'Sinning'. NOTE that unlike 'IllegalAction', this type is not necessarily a subtype of 'ViolatingAnObligation' because the ethical or moral codes that can make an act 'wrongdoing' are often not widely shared, and may not be considered obligatory in the community where the act is performed.. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'wrongdoing' and sense 2 of 'wrong' and sense 2 of 'misconduct', and also includes the noun sense 1 'misbehavior, in WordNet: 1. (1) error, wrongdoing - (departure from what is ethically acceptable) 2. wrongdoing, wrongful conduct, misconduct, actus reus - (activity that transgresses moral or civil law; 'he denied any wrongdoing')
Super-classes	UnjustThing^c UndesirableBehavior^c PurposefulAction^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unethical^c violatesRule^op some Rule^c isPerformedBy^op value Wrongdoer^c
Sub-classes	Dishonesty^c CopyrightInfringement^c UnethicalAction^c Sinning^c Mischief^c JuvenileDelinquency^c Tort^c EvilDeed^c Malpractice^c

WrongingSomeone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WrongingSomeone`
Description	''WrongingSomeone''is a type of 'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay'in which the manner of treatment is unfair and unjust `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wrong' in WordNet: 1. (1) wrong - (treat unjustly; do wrong to)`
Super-classes	PurposefulAction^c TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	hadAffectedAgent^op some (IntelligentAgent^c or AgentType^c) hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Unjust^c
Sub-classes	MistreatingaPerson^c DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup^c BetrayingaTrust^c VictimizingAnAgent^c

Wrought^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wrought`
Description	''Wrought'' is an Attribute of a something that was produced by a ''FormingAnArtifact'' Action (including ''Scupting'') where the forming process changes the shape of an existing object, especially by bending it, but possibly by removing part of the existing object as by 'arving'. 'wrought iron' To do: add: 'working' process that produces a 'wrought' object': work v. 5. (9) work, work on, process - (shape, form, or improve a material; 'work stone into tools'; 'process iron'; 'work the metal' 20. shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wrought' in WordNet: 1. shaped, molded, wrought - (shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort); 'a shaped handgrip'; 'the molded steel plates'; 'the wrought silver bracelet')
Super-classes	PastParticiple^c
Sub-classes	Sculptured^c

Wry^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wry

Description

An AttributeValue of an Assertion or other Communication that is mildly humorous due to some indirect implications rather than a direct attempt to amuse.

       RHW adj 'wry': bitterly or disdainfully ironic or amusing: a wry remark.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wry' in Wordnet:
          1. (1) dry, ironic, ironical, wry - (humorously sarcastic or mocking; 'dry humor'; 
             'an ironic remark often conveys an intended meaning obliquely'; 'an ironic novel'; 
             'an ironical smile'; 'with a wry Scottish wit')

Super-classes Humorous^c

X-Ray^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#X-Ray

Description

In CYC labeled 'XRay':
        A specialization of #$ElectromagneticRadiation.
        Each instance of #$XRay is some electromagnetic radiation
        with a wavelength (see the predicate #$wavelength) ranging
        from about 1 #$Angstrom to 1x10^-3 #$Angstroms.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'X-ray' in WordNet:
          1. X ray, X-ray, X-radiation, roentgen ray -
            (electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced 
            when high-speed electrons strike a solid target)

Super-classes ElectromagneticRadiationEvent^c
IonizingRadiation^c

XRayImage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#XRayImage`
Description	CYC: An image produced by an X-Ray machine. `NOTE: this can be printed on paper or displayed on a computer screen or stored in an image file oon some data storage device. Those separate versions can be subtypes. In any case, this is a PhysicalObject which can have an abstract representation. Includes but is broader (not just film images) than noun sense 2 of 'X-ray' in WordNet: 2. roentgenogram, X ray, X-ray, X-ray picture, X-ray photograph - (a radiogram made by exposing photographic film to X rays; used in medical diagnosis)`
Super-classes	HumanAccessibleIBO^c StillImage^c
Sub-classes	Mammogram^c

XRayPhotographicDevice^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#XRayPhotographicDevice`
Description	CYC: The collection of machines intended for taking still X-ray photos of something, usually a BLO. `add x-ray photography, x-ray photograph, x-ray therapy NOTE: a machine eiting X-rays (as in the WN synset) may be for purpss other than photography. This representes part of the WN sense. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'X-ray machine' in WordNet: 1. (1) X-ray machine - (an apparatus that provides a source of X rays)`
Super-classes	MedicalDevice^c ElectricalDevice^c
Restrictions	emits^op value X-Ray^c

Xenon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Xenon

Description

All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of Xenon in stuffeous form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xenon' in WordNet:
          1. (1) xenon, Xe, atomic number 54 - 
              (a colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring
              in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts)

Super-classes NonMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
Gas^c

Xenophobe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Xenophobe`
Description
Super-classes	Bigot^c
Restrictions	characteristicallyPerformsActivity^op value Xenophobia^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Xenophobic^c

Xenophobia^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Xenophobia`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xenophobia' in WordNet: 1. xenophobia - (an irrational fear of foreigners or strangers)`
Super-classes	Phobia^c
Restrictions	isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute^op value Xenophobic^c isPerformedBy^op value Xenophobe^c

Xenophobic^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Xenophobic`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'xenophobic' in Wordnet: 1. xenophobic - (suffering from xenophobia; having abnormal fear or hatred of the strange or foreign)`
Super-classes	Afraid^c

XerographicCopier^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#XerographicCopier`
Description	A ''XerographicCopier'' is a ''Copier'' that produces local copies of documents (''DocumentCopy''s) by a 'xerographic' process. This includes any device taht performs that function, including 'multifunction' devices that can scan images to a computer file or transmit images to a remote 'Fax' machine, as long as the Device can produce a local copy of a document. NOTE that the term 'Xerox' was originally a trade name for the inventor of the xerographic ('writing with dry stuff') process, but has become in common usage ('generic') a term for any machine or process that performs a similar function. The characteristic feature is the use of dry powdered 'inks' that can stick to a specially designed 'drum' (cylinder) by electrostatic forces, and then be pressed and fused onto a sheet of paper to reproduce the image that had been transferred by light and electronic forces onto that drum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xerographic copier' in WordNet: 1. Xerox, xerographic copier, Xerox machine - (a duplicator (trade mark Xerox) that copies graphic matter by the action of light on an electrically charged photoconductive insulating surface in which the latent image is developed with a resinous powder)
Super-classes	Copier^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeUsedInAction^op value IBTCopying^c

XeroxCopy^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#XeroxCopy`
Description	A ''XeroxCopy'' is a ''ImageCopy'' produced by some ''XerographicCopier''. This is usually necessarily printed on a sheet of paper, but could be on a clear plastic sheet (to be used in a 'projector') or on any other flexible sheet of material. This is not necesarily produced by a machine made by the Xerox corporation. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xerox' in WordNet: 1. xerox, xerox copy - (a copy made by a xerographic printer)`
Super-classes	ImageCopy^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByDeviceType^op value XerographicCopier^c

Xeroxing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Xeroxing`
Description	''Xeroxing'' is an ''IBTCopying'' in which some ''Document-Physical'' is reproduced in a similar (perhaps enlarged or reduced) by a xerographic copying machine to make a similar or identical-appearing ''Document-Physical''. `NOTE: 'run off' is mostly used for making multiple copies. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'xerox' in WordNet: 1. photocopy, run off, xerox - (reproduce by xerography)`
Super-classes	MakingaPhysicalObject^c TransferringSomething^c IBTCopying^c
Restrictions	hasEndingPlace^op value SheetOfPaper^c produces^op value Copy^c produces^op value Document-Physical^c hadThingTransferred^op value StillImage^c hasThingCopiedOrImitated^op value Document-Physical^c

Xylem^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Xylem

Description

''Xylem'' is a ''VascularTissue'' that conducts water from one part of a''Plant'' to another, as from the roots to the leaves.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xylem' in WordNet:
          1. (4) xylem - (the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue,
             consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels)

Super-classes VascularTissue^c

Xylophage^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Xylophage`
Description	A ''Xylophage'' is an ''Insect'' that feeds on ''Wood'' objects, suchas a ''Termite''. `RHW 'xylophage': a wood-eating insect.`
Super-classes	Insect^c
Restrictions	feedsOn^op value Wood^c
Sub-classes	Termite^c

Xylophone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Xylophone`
Description	A type of percussion instrument made of wooden bars and played with small mallets. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xylophone' in WordNet: 1. (1) marimba, xylophone - (a percussion instrument with wooden bars tuned to produce a chromatic scale and with resonators; played with small mallets)`
Super-classes	PercussionInstrument^c
Restrictions	functionsTogetherWith^op value PercussionMallet^c

Y-shaped^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Y-shaped

Description

Something 'L-shaped'' has a shape (looking from the side) of the letter 'Y' - though it may be three-dimensional.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Y-shaped' in Wordnet:
           1. Y-shaped - (shaped in the form of the letter Y)

Super-classes Angular^c
ShapeAttribute^c

Yacht^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yacht`
Description	Larger than a small boat, but of most any size. Not necessarily used for racing,could be just for cruising and relaxing. The government may own some yachts, but it is uusually privately owned. If necessary, we can classify a government 'yacht' as something else (a yacht-like government ship?). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yacht' in WordNet: 1. (1) yacht, racing yacht - (an expensive vessel propelled by sail or power and used for cruising or racing)`
Super-classes	Boat^c PrivateProperty^c Ship^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Expensive^c

Yak^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yak`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yak' in WordNet: 2. yak, Bos grunniens - (large long-haired wild ox of Tibet often domesticated)`
Super-classes	WildOx^c

Yanking^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yanking

Description

A ''JerkingMotion'' caused by some agent pulling with a sudden force.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'yank' in Wordnet:
           1. (5) yank, jerk - (pull, or move with a sudden movement; 
              'He turned the handle and jerked the door open')

Super-classes JerkingMotion^c

Yard-BuildingGrounds^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yard-BuildingGrounds`
Description	The unpaved outdoor space around a building, owned by the owners of that building. The part of a 'lot' not occupied by the buildings in it. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yard' in WordNet: 2. (171) yard, grounds, curtilage - (the enclosed land around a house or other building; 'it was a small house with almost no yard')`
Super-classes	Ground^c GroundOrFloor^c OutdoorObject^c
Restrictions	isaPhysicalPartOf^op value RealEstate^c isNearTo^op some Building^c
Sub-classes	Backyard^c Lawn^c

YardLength^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YardLength

Description

English unit of length, equal to 3 FeetLength.

Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yard' in WordNet:
  1. (765) yard, pace - (a unit of length equal to 3 feet;
     defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride)

Super-classes LengthMeasure^c

Yardstick^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yardstick

Description

This is for the straight and rigid rod-like yardstick. See ''TapeMeasure'' for a yard-long measuring tape.

    Corresponds to part of WN 'yardstick' sense 2 - for stiff (wooden or plastic)
         ruler-like measures with one yard marked on it (usually in inches and
         fractions of an inch).
       in WordNet:
          2. yardstick, yard measure - (a ruler or tape that is three feet long)

Super-classes Ruler^c

Yarmulke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yarmulke`
Description	A ''Yarmuke'' may be worn anywhere by an ''ObservantJew'' but may also be worn by non-Jews when attending Jewish Ceremonies (e.g. weddings or funerals or Temple services). `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yarmulke' in WordNet: 1. yarmulke, yarmulka, yarmelke - (a skullcap worn by religious Jews (especially at prayer))`
Super-classes	Skullcap^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value ObservantJew^c

Yarn^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yarn

Description

A piece of yarn, not a substance. This is a ''CordlikeObject'' rather than a ''String'' because its diamete is greater than that of a ''String''. This may or may not be precisely defined - but 'Yarn''comes in blls rather than spools, and is too thick to fit through a sewing needle.

      Cyc: A type of cordlike textile larger in diameter than
          thread.  Used for knitting and weaving.
       Also used in ''Crocheting''.

        Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yarn' in Wordnet:
           2. thread, yarn - (a fine cord of twisted fibers (of cotton or silk or wool
              or nylon etc.) used in sewing and weaving)

Super-classes BraidedObject^c
TextileArtifact^c
CordlikeObject^c

Yawning^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yawning

Description

CYC: Yawning event - caused by tiredness or boredom.

      Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'yawn' and noun sense 1 of 'yawning' in WordNet:
        1. (3) yawn - (utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired;
          'The child yawned during the long performance')
       WN noun 'yawning':
         1. (1) yawn, yawning, oscitance, oscitancy - (an involuntary intake of breath 
           through a wide open mouth; usually triggered by fatigue or boredom; 
           'he could not suppress a yawn'; 'the yawning in the audience told him it was time to stop';
           'he apologized for his oscitancy')

Super-classes InvoluntaryBodyMovement^c

Yay^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yay`
Description	This ''Yay'' represents the word 'yay', emitted loudly with enthusiasm, to express ''Delight'' at some good news.
Super-classes	Exclamation^c Cheering^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Delight^c

Year^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Year`
Description	The Class of all calendar Years of twelve months from January to December. Calendars other than the world standard counting (AD/BC or CE/BCE) are not included in this type; this type can be used to specify a particular year on the universal time line, and therefore is a way to specify location in time, not time duration. A Calendar 'Year' is a specific time interval of one year, located from Jan 1 to Dec. 31 of the specified year. For special calendars, other subtypes of 'RecurringTimeInterval' would need to be created. `Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'year' in WordNet; WordNet conflates the time duration with the time location on the universal time line: in WordNet: 1. (832) year, twelvemonth, yr - (a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days; 'she is 4 years old'; 'in the year 1920')`
Super-classes	DateOrTime^c RecurringTimeInterval^c
Sub-classes	LeapYear^c WineVintage^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Year1869AD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Year29AD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Year1969AD http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Year1492AD

Year-Old^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Year-Old`
Description	''Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are one year old, i.e. were created or born one year in the past.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Year-Round^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Year-Round`
Description	`Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'year-round' in Wordnet: 1. (1) year-round, year-around - (operating or continuing throughout the year; 'a year-round resort'; 'a year-round job')`
Super-classes	LastingForSomeTime^c

YearLong^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YearLong

Description

''YearLong'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for at least one ''Year''. This can be an 'Academic Year'.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'yearlong' in Wordnet:
          1. yearlong - (lasting through a year; 'attending yearlong courses')

Super-classes LastingForSomeTime^c

Yearbook^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yearbook`
Description	A ''Yearbook'' is a one-volume ReferenceWork published annually with information about some topic, either concerning events of one year or updated for the year of publication. The shool 'yearbook' is the subtype ''SchoolYearbook''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yearbook' in WordNet: 2. annual, yearly, yearbook - (a reference book that is published regularly once every year)`
Super-classes	ReferenceWork^c
Sub-classes	Almanac^c SchoolYearbook^c

Years^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Years`
Description	''Years'' is an indefinite interval of time extending at least two years and possibly decades. This TimeInterval is referred to by the term 'years' without more specificity. `This can also be referred to by the adjective 'long-run' or 'long-term'.`
Super-classes	MeasurableTimeInterval^c TimeInterval^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value LongTerm^c
Sub-classes	Decade^c

Yeast^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yeast`
Description	Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'yeast' in RHW (sense 2 is a subtype of sense 1): 1. any of various small, single-celled fungi of the phylum Ascomycota that reproduce by fission or budding, the daughter cells often remaining attached, and that are capable of fermenting carbohydrates into alcohol and carbon dioxide. 2. any of several yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces, used in brewing alcoholic beverages, as a leaven in baking breads, and in pharmacology as a source of vitamins and proteins. Cf. bottom yeast, brewer's yeast, top yeast. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yeast' in WordNet: 2. yeast - (any of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division)`
Super-classes	Fungus^c
Sub-classes	BakersYeast^c

Yeast-Raised^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yeast-Raised`
Description	''Yeast-Raised'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' applying to the substance ''Dough'' or to a ''LeavenedFoodObject'' that has been reduced in density by adding 'Leaven' and allowing the resulting fermentation to generate gas (CarbonDioxide) that permeates the dough and makes it softer and 'lighter', considered by most to be more 'palatable' for some purposes.
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c

YeastBudding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YeastBudding`
Description	`Corresponds to part (for Yeast) of verb sense 1 of 'bud' in WordNet: 1. (2) bud - (develop buds; 'The hibiscus is budding!')`
Super-classes	BuddingEvent^c AsexualReproductionEvent^c
Restrictions	isTheStartingPartOf^op value AsexualReproductionEvent^c isPerformedBy^op value Yeast^c

YellowColor^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YellowColor`
Description	The color yellow. `Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'yellow' in WordNet: 1. (26) yellow, yellowish, xanthous - (of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk)`
Super-classes	Yellowish^c
Sub-classes	GoldColored^c BrilliantOrangeYellow-Color^c

YellowColorType^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YellowColorType`
Description	Each instance of 'YellowColorType'' is a color that has some degree of yellowish to it..
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeType^c
Members	DarkBlondeColor YellowColor AmberColored GoldColored Yellowish CreamColor BrilliantOrangeYellow-Color OchreColor BlondeColor

Yellowish^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yellowish`
Description	The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$YellowColor. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yellowish' in Wordnet: 1. yellow, yellowish, xanthous - (of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk)`
Super-classes	ColorAttribute^c
Sub-classes	OchreColor^c AmberColored^c CreamColor^c DarkBlondeColor^c YellowColor^c BlondeColor^c IvoryColor^c

YellowishGray-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YellowishGray-Color`
Description
Super-classes	BuffColor^c AlabasterColor^c PuttyColor^c BisqueColor^c BeigeColor^c

YellowishWhite-Color^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YellowishWhite-Color`
Description
Super-classes	White^c BuffColor^c CreamColor^c IvoryColor^c

YesNoDecision^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YesNoDecision`
Description	A ''YesNoDecision'' is a ''Deciding'' that has only two outcomes, nominally 'yes' or 'no', for deciding if an Object or Action fits into one of two alteratives based on some ''SelectionCriterion'' `See also 'TwoAlternativeActions'; similar.`
Super-classes	Deciding^c
Restrictions	hasResult^op some YesOrNo^c
Sub-classes	VotingForOrAgainst^c

YesOrNo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YesOrNo`
Description	Each instance of YesOrNo is a TruthValue that represents either a 'yes' or a 'no' answer to a question. Single chars ('Y') or full words ('YES') are included as instances. Together with the question, it represents a truth value for an assertion which is the answer to the question.
Super-classes	TruthValue^c
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Y http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#N http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#no http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#y http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YES http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yes http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#n http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#yup http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#uh-huh

Yesterday^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yesterday

Description

A relative TimeInterval; the Day which is one day before 'Today'.

     Instances of this Type can only be created relative to a specific 
     TimepPints as context; in that context, Tomorrow follows Today,
     but in any other context today's 'Tomorrow' will not necessarily
     follow that TimePoint's 'Today'

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'tomorrow' in WordNet:
     WN noun 'yesterday'
       1. (16) yesterday - (the day immediately before today;
           'it was in yesterday's newspapers')
     WN adverb 'yesterday'
       1. (10) yesterday - (on the day preceding today; 
         'yesterday the weather was beautiful')

Super-classes Day^c
RelativeTime^c

Yet^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yet

Description

Each 'Yet' is a RelativeTime Interval specified relative to the 'Now' that is contained or implied in an assertion. 'They have yet to hand in their homework' means that in the TimeInterval up to the present, they have not handed in their (specifically implied) homework. This differs from the subtype 'ThePast' logically in including intervals up to now that do not extend to the BeginningOfTime. But it differs mainly in usage, it is used to represent the adverb 'yet', meaning 'up to now', and is for the location of Events that have not happened, rather than Events that have happened.

  @ToDo: how to represent this distinction is not yet determined -
  we may need an 'EventThatDidNotHappen' type, for this to 
  be the temporal location of such an Eent.

   This includes part of adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'yet' in WordNet; the
   distinction between the two seems primarily as linguistic usage -
   'yet to VINF' seems equivalent to 'have not yet VPERF'.
   However, there is a distinction with phrases like 'the sun hasn't come
   up yet', in which the 'yet' does not extend to the BeginningOfTime,
   but to some other reference time.  in WordNet:
    1. (22) yet - (up to the present time; 'I have yet to see the results';
       'details are yet to be worked out')
    2. (15) so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet, yet,
        til now, until now - (used in negative statement to describe a 
        situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present 
        time; 'So far he hasn't called'; 'the sun isn't up yet')

Super-classes RelativeTime^c

Yielding^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yielding`
Description	`Corresponds to verb sense 13 of 'yield' in WordNet: 13. yield, give in, succumb, knuckle under, buckle under - (consent reluctantly)`
Super-classes	Action^c Accepting^c
Restrictions	hasManner^op value Reluctantly^c
Sub-classes	Deferring^c

YinAndYang^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YinAndYang`
Description	`RHW 'yin and yang': (in Chinese philosophy and religion) two principles, one negative, dark, and feminine (yin), and one positive, bright, and masculine (yang), whose interaction influences the destinies of creatures and things.`
Super-classes	ReligiousDoctrine^c
Restrictions	hasPlaceOfOrigin^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#China^c

YoYo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YoYo`
Description	NOTE that a ''YoYo'' is a ''Spool'' that is a short DiskShaped object; for this type of Object the circular diameter is referred to as the ''Width'' and the distance between the end faces is the ''Length''. This entry specifies the 'width' and 'length' in that sense. A ''YoYo'' is rolled up and down in one hand. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yo-yo' in WordNet: 1. yo-yo - (a toy consisting of a spool that is reeled up and down on a string by motions of the hand)`
Super-classes	HandSizedObject^c Toy^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value DiskShaped^c isDesignedToBeSuspendedFrom^op exactly 1 hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 5.0^c hasComponentPart^op value Spool^c hasComponentPart^op value PieceOfString^c hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters^dp value 10.0^c

Yodel^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yodel`
Description	A ''Yodel'' usually does not produce recognizable words.
Super-classes	VocalMusic^c
Restrictions	isProducedByEventType^op value Yodeling^c

Yodeling^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yodeling`
Description	''Yodeling'' usually does not produce recognizable words. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'yodel' in WordNet: 1. yodel, warble, descant - (sing by changing register; sing by yodeling; 'The Austrians were yodeling in the mountains')`
Super-classes	Singing-Human^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Yodel^c

Yoga^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yoga`
Description	''Yoga'' is a form of ''SelfImprovement'' based on a Hindu tradition. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yoga' in WordNet: 1. (1) yoga - (Hindu discipline aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility that is achieved through the three paths of actions and knowledge and devotion)`
Super-classes	SelfImprovement^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Hinduism^c

YogaExercises^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YogaExercises`
Description	''YogaExercises'' is a form of ''ProgrammedExercises'' specified by an ''ExerciseProgram'' based on the principles of ''Yoga''. `Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yoga' in WordNet: 2. yoga - (a system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind)`
Super-classes	ProgrammedExercises^c HumanActivity^c
Restrictions	isaSubEventOf^op value Yoga^c

Yogurt^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yogurt

Description

Yogurt is a dairy product containing active yogurt cultures which digest the lactose and make the yogurt more easily digestible for us humans.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yogurt' in WordNet:
          1. yogurt, yoghurt, yoghourt - (a custard-like food made from curdled milk)

Super-classes DairyProduct^c
Mixture^c
FoodConcoction^c

Yoke^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yoke`
Description	Each ''Yoke'' is a ''StableGear'' designed to hold together ('yoke together') two ''DraftAnimal''s so they can exert force as a team. `Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'yoke' in WordNet: 7. yoke - (stable gear that joins two draft animals at the neck so they can work together as a team)`
Super-classes	NonPoweredDevice^c DurableGood^c WearableItem^c
Restrictions	isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy^op value DraftAnimal^c isSupportedBy^op value DraftAnimal^c

Yolk^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yolk`
Description	The intact ''Yolk'' of an egg of a ''DomesticHen'', a ''PhysicalObject'' (not the substance) the way it would appear after an egg has been carefully cracked. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yolk' in Wordnet: 1. egg yolk, yolk - (the yellow spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the albumen)`
Super-classes	Ovoid^c PhysicalObject^c
Restrictions	hasShape^op value Ovoidal^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Gelatinous^c isanInternalPartOf^op value HensEgg^c hasColor^op value Opaque^c hasColor^op value YellowColor^c hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters^dp value 3.0^c

YomKippur^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YomKippur

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Yom Kippur' in WordNet:
          1. Yom Kippur, Day of Atonement - 
              ((Judaism) a solemn and major fast day on the Jewish calendar; 10th of Tishri;
              its observance is one of the requirements of the Mosaic law)

Super-classes JewishHoliday^c

Yon^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yon

Description

       NOTE: ''Yon'' is a subattribute of ''Distant'' but it does not have to
       be very distant,only out of reach:
           'Yon Cassius has a lean and hungry look.'

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'yon' in Wordnet:
          1. yonder, yon - (distant but within sight ('yon' is dialectal); 
            'yonder valley'; 'the hills yonder'; 'what is yon place?')

Super-classes Visible^c
Distant^c

Yonder^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yonder

Description

        Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'yonder' in Wordnet:
          1. yonder, yon - (at or in an indicated (usually distant) place 
             ('yon' is archaic and dialectal); 'the house yonder';
             'scattered here and yon'- Calder Willingham)

Super-classes AdverbialModifier^c

Young^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Young`
Description	The AttributeValue attached to things (artificial or natural) that have not been in existence long enough to be considered 'middle aged' or 'old', meaning usually that they have existed less than one-third of the time that they are normally expected to last. For people, this can be as old as 35 years, but is usually applied to people of lesser age, 25 or younger. `This is the most general sense of 'young', including senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'young' in Wordnet: 1. (107) young, immature - ((used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth; 'young people') 2. (1) new, young - ((of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity; 'new potatoes'; 'young corn') 4. young - (being in its early stage; 'a young industry'; 'the day is still young')`
Super-classes	QualitativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Younger^c Hegemonic^c Adolescent^c Juvenile^c

YoungHuman^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YoungHuman`
Description	COSMO note: in SUMO, being 'adult' starts at age 18, while in CYC being 'young' is under 35 years old. So Young and Adult are not disjoint. We leave this type as extending up to 35 years old, and make narrower distinctions with subtypes. (See 'HumanYouth') `CYC: A specialization of #$HomoSapiens. Each instance of this collection is a human less than 35 years of age. This collection is disjoint with #$OldHuman - - the collection of humans more than 60 years of age. Notable specializations of #$YoungHuman include #$Child, #$HumanTeenager and #$HumanYoungAdult.`
Super-classes	Person^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Young^c
Sub-classes	HumanInfant^c Prodigy^c Infant^c HumanYouth^c

Younger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Younger`
Description	'Younger' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some object or process an Age that is lower (relative to some reference Object). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'younger' in WordNet: 1. (3) younger, jr. - (used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father; "John Junior"; "John Smith, Jr.")
Super-classes	Young^c ComparativeAttributeValue^c
Sub-classes	Junior^c

Youth^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Youth`
Description	'Youth' is the LifeStage that a Person is in after puberty and prior to full-grown maturity. This definition is adopted from the Random House Webster to minimize overlap with other age-based life stages: 4. the period of life from puberty to the attainment of full growth; adolescence. The phrase 'in my youth' may extend to younger or older ages than this range: this type is available if the age range is known to be restricted to this range, otherwise use 'Childhood'. 'Youth is wasted on the young' Includes noun sense 2 of 'adolescence' and 3 of 'youth' in WordNet, but may not be exactly the same as WN 'youth' : in WordNet: 3. (5) youth - (the time of life between childhood and maturity) WN 'adolescence': 2. adolescence - (in the state that someone is in between puberty and adulthood)
Super-classes	LifeStage^c
Restrictions	hadMainParticipant^op value YoungHuman^c

Youthful^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Youthful

Description

The AttributeValue attached to things that may or may not be ''Young'', but have characteristics suggesting the qualities of ''Youth'' - especially lively and active.

        Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'youthful' in Wordnet:
          1. (10) youthful, vernal, young - (suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh; 
             'he is young for his age')

Super-classes QualitativeAttributeValue^c

Ytterbium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Ytterbium

Description

CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of ytterbium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ytterbium' in WordNet:
          1. ytterbium, Yb, atomic number 70 - 
             (a soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth 
               of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite 
               and monazite and xenotime)

Super-classes RareEarthElement^c
UnalloyedMetal^c

Yttrium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yttrium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of yttrium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Yttrium or YttriumStuff.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yttrium' in WordNet:
          1. yttrium, Y, atomic number 39 - 
             (a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals;
             used in magnesium and aluminum alloys)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
SolidSubstance^c

Yucca^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yucca

Description

A plant that is a member of the lily family found in desert regions of the southwest #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica and #$Mexico. It depends on the yucca moth for pollination.

         Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yucca' in WordNet:
           1. (1) yucca - (any of several evergreen plants of the genus Yucca 
             having usually tall stout stems and a terminal cluster
             of white flowers; warmer regions of North America)

Super-classes Bush^c
SucculentPlant^c
LilyOrder^c

Yugoslav^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yugoslav

Description

''Yugoslav'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Yugoslavia'' or a ''YugoslavPerson''.

         Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Yugoslav' in Wordnet:
           1. Yugoslavian, Yugoslav - (of or relating to or characteristic of
            the former country of Yugoslavia or its people or languages; 'Yugoslavian wine')

Super-classes PertainingAttributeValue^c

YugoslavPerson^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YugoslavPerson`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Yugoslav' in WordNet: 1. Yugoslav, Jugoslav, Yugoslavian, Jugoslavian - (a native or inhabitant of Yugoslavia)`
Super-classes	Person^c PersonByNationality^c
Restrictions	isaCitizenOf^op value http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Yugoslavia^c

YumYum^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#YumYum`
Description	''YumYum'' is an 'interjection'. that expresses enjoyment, especially of food, or anticipated enjoyment at food presented for consumption `Not in WN. RHW interj. 'yum-yum': (used to express enjoyment or satisfaction, esp. in the taste of food.)`
Super-classes	Interjection^c
Restrictions	expressesMentalState^op value Enjoyment^c

ZaZen^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZaZen`
Description	`RHW 'za-zen': meditation in a prescribed, cross-legged posture`
Super-classes	Meditating^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op value Buddhists^c isaTopicOf^op value Zen^c

ZappingAnAdversary^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZappingAnAdversary`
Description	''ZappingAnAdversary'' is an act of ''KillingaPerson'' using a high-powered Device that can destroy a Person completely or almost completely. This is usually used forthe effect of fictional devices, but a high-powered laser or maser might be developed that can perform some similar effect in the RealWorld. However, even if possible,such a device is unlikely to be easily manipulated in one hand. The sci-fi ter has been adopted for morerealistic ways of killingas with high-powered rifles or electric pulses. `Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'zap' in WordNet: 2. zap, vaporize - (kill with or as if with a burst of gunfire or electric current or as if by shooting; 'in this computer game, space travellers are vaporized by aliens')`
Super-classes	KillingaPerson^c CauseOfDeath^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some IntelligentAgent^c

Zeal^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zeal

Description

       Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zeal' in WordNet:
         1. (2) ardor, ardour, elan, zeal - (a feeling of strong eagerness 
           (usually in favor of a person or cause); 'they were imbued with 
           a revolutionary ardor'; 'he felt a kind of religious zeal')

Super-classes Eagerness^c

Zebra^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zebra`
Description	CYC: The collection of all zebras; a subset of #$EquineAnimal. These black-and-white striped relatives of horses are native to the #$ContinentOfAfrica. Zebras are almost impossible to tame, therefore by default they are elements of #$WildAnimal, although a few have been successfully domesticated and harnessed. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zebra' in WordNet: 1. zebra - (any of several fleet black-and-white striped African equines)`
Super-classes	EquineAnimal^c
Restrictions	hasColor^op value BlackAndWhite^c hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Striped^c

Zen^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zen

Description

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Zen' in WordNet:
          1. Zen, Zen Buddhism - (school of Mahayana Buddhism asserting that 
            enlightenment can come through meditation and intuition rather than faith; China and Japan)

Super-classes Buddhism^c

ZeroDimensionalThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZeroDimensionalThing`
Description	A #$SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality and specialization of #$SpatialThing. Each instance of #$ZeroDimensionalThing is either a point-like object or an arrangement of disconnected points in space. Zero-dimensional objects have no length or breadth or height, nor do they have parts. Specializations of this collection include #$GeometricalPoint.
Super-classes	SpatialThing^c GeometricallyDescribableThing^c
Sub-classes	SpacePoint^c GeometricalPoint^c

Zest^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zest`
Description	''Zest'' is an enhanced level of enjoyment that conduces to enthusiastically perform and continue some Activity. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zest' in WordNet: 1. (1) gusto, relish, zest, zestfulness - (vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment)`
Super-classes	Enjoyment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Enthusiastic^c

ZigZagging^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZigZagging`
Description	Moving on a surface while changing direction a number of times. `Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'zigzag' in WordNet: 1. (2) zigzag, crank - (travel along a zigzag path; 'The river zigzags through the countryside')`
Super-classes	LocomotionProcess^c TranslationAlongASurface^c
Restrictions	hasSubEvent^op min 2

Zinc^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zinc

Description

The metallic element.

     Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zinc' in WordNet:
      1. (6) zinc, Zn, atomic number 30 - (a bluish-white lustrous metallic element;
          brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used 
          in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs as 
          zinc sulphide in zinc blende)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c

ZincOxide^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZincOxide

Description

The compound with one ''Zinc'' and one ''Oxygen'' in each molecule - ZnO.

      RHW: a white or yellowish-white, amorphous, odorless, water-insoluble powder,
           ZnO, used chiefly as a paint pigment, in cosmetics, dental cements,
           matches, white printing inks, and opaque glass, and 
           in medicine in the treatment of skin conditions.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zinc oxide' in WordNet:
          1. zinc oxide, flowers of zinc, philosopher's wool, philosophers' wool -
              (oxide of zinc; a white powder used as a pigment or in cosmetics 
              or glass or inks and in zinc ointment)

Super-classes Oxide^c

Zinger^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zinger`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zinger' in WordNet: 1. zinger - (a striking or amusing or caustic remark; 'he always greeted me with a new zinger'; 'she tried to think of some killer of an argument, a real zinger that would disarm all opposition')`
Super-classes	Comment^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Amusing^c

ZipCode^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZipCode`
Description	Any of the PostalCodes issued by the US Post Office; `See ''hasPostalCode'' for inverse index. it may be 5 digits or 9 digits (zip+4) in 2009. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ZIP code' in Wordnet: 1. ZIP code, ZIP, postcode, postal code - (a code of letters and digits added to a postal address to aid in the sorting of mail)`
Super-classes	PostalCode^c
Restrictions	isCreatedByAgentType^op value PostalService^c

Zipper^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zipper`
Description	A ''Zipper'' is usually found on a Garment,but are also used in carrying cases and other things that can be opened and closed. `A ''ZipperTab'' could help to detail the meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zipper' in WordNet: 1. slide fastener, zip, zipper, zip fastener - (a fastener for locking together two toothed edges by means of a sliding tab)`
Super-classes	LongAndThinObject^c Fastener^c
Restrictions	isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf^op value Garment^c hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters^dp value 5.0^c isUsedInAction^op value Zippering^c hasComponentPart^op value Tab^c

Zippering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zippering`
Description	''Zippering''is a 'Fastening' Action in which some Agent uses a ''Zipper'', to fasten two parts of some ArtifactObject most often a Garment) that opens and closes, completely or partly. `This is for fastening; unfastening would be to 'unzip' - not yet represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'zip up' in WordNet: 1. zip up, zipper, zip - (close with a zipper; 'Zip up your jacket-it's cold')`
Super-classes	Fastening^c
Restrictions	hadThingAffected^op some Garment^c requiredInstrument^op value Zipper^c

Zircon^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zircon`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zircon' in WordNet: 1. zircon, zirconium silicate - (a common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent)`
Super-classes	Mineral^c
Restrictions	canBeProcessedToProduce^op value Zirconium^c

Zirconium^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zirconium

Description

A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Zirconium.

        Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zirconium' in WordNet:
          1. zirconium, Zr, atomic number 40 - 
            (a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; 
            it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; 
            it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon)

Super-classes UnalloyedMetal^c
ChemicalElement^c
SolidSubstance^c

Zombie^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zombie`
Description	A ''Zombie'' is a ''DeadPerson'' who has risen from the grave or other repository and can walk and (depending on the myth or story) do other things, such as eat people. This originated as a ''Myth'', but has been used mostly in Fictional works. 'zombie apocalypse' `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zombie' in WordNet: 1. (1) zombi, zombie, living dead - (a dead body that has been brought back to life by a supernatural force)`
Super-classes	DeadPerson^c MythicalThing^c
Restrictions	hasQualitativeAttribute^op value Fictional^c

Zoning^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zoning`
Description	''Zoning'' is not just for regulating housing; it is also for regulating any kind of usage of land within the range of authority of a governmental legislative body or agency. This produces 'zones' but that specific sense of 'zone' is not explicit in Wordnet. THe closest is 'zone' sense 1, but that seems to be more for natural zones with certain characteristics. WN 'zone' 1. 1. (1) zone - (a circumscribed geographical region characterized by some distinctive features) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'zone' in WordNet: 1. zone, district - (regulate housing in; of certain areas of towns) WN noun 'zoning': 1. (1) zoning - (dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc)
Super-classes	PartitioningSomething^c
Restrictions	isPerformedBy^op some GovernmentalAuthority^c hadObjectModified^op some LandArea^c

Zoo^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zoo`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zoo' in WordNet: 1. (2) menagerie, zoo, zoological garden - (the facility where wild animals are housed for exhibition)`
Super-classes	Park^c Facility-Generic^c
Restrictions	isaHabitatOf^op value ZooAnimal^c

ZooAnimal^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZooAnimal`
Description	A ''ZooAnimal'' is a ''CaptiveAnimal'' that is living in a ''Zoo''. There are many types of Animals in a ''Zoo'', so this will not be restricted. But should exclude aquatic animal, as in an Aquarium.
Super-classes	CaptiveAnimal^c
Restrictions	inhabits^op value Zoo^c

Zoologist^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zoologist`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zoologist' in WordNet: 1. zoologist, animal scientist - (a specialist in the branch of biology dealing with animals)`
Super-classes	Biologist^c
Restrictions	isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Zoology^c isVeryKnowledgeableAbout^op value Animal^c
Sub-classes	Ornithologist^c

Zoology^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zoology`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'zoology' in WordNet: 2. zoology, zoological science - (the branch of biology that studies animals)`
Super-classes	Biology^c
Restrictions	isaTopicOfExpert^op value Zoologist^c hasSubjectOfStudy^op value Animal^c

Zoonosis^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zoonosis`
Description	`Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zoonosis' in WordNet: 1. zoonosis, zoonotic disease - (an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans)`
Super-classes	NonHumanAnimalDisease^c
Sub-classes	Tularemia^c

Zucchini-Foodstuff^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Zucchini-Foodstuff`
Description	No sense in WordNet for the food - see the plant. This is for the mashed paste typically served as a vegetable with other foods.
Super-classes	Vegetable-Food^c CommodityProduct^c
Restrictions	isDerivedFrom^op value ZucchiniPlant^c

ZucchiniPlant^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ZucchiniPlant

Description

An individual Zucchini Plant.

    RHW: a variety of summer squash that is shaped like a cucumber and that has a
          smooth, dark-green skin.

      Includes both senses of 'zucchini in WordNet:
        1. zucchini, courgette - (marrow squash plant whose fruit are eaten when small)
        2. zucchini, courgette - (small cucumber-shaped vegetable marrow; typically dark green)

Super-classes GourdPlant^c

agentive-social-object^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#agentive-social-object`
Description	COSMO note: this DOLCE type appears to be intended to represent humans and human groups, so it is placed as a subtype of 'IntelligentAgent'. DOLCE only: 'agentive-social-object' A social object that is assumed to internally represent a plan. Since social objects are dependent on physical ones, it is not trivial to interpret the local sense in which a social object 'internally represents' a plan. For example, an institution can have the plan to promote or regulate some activities, but this is possible by means of the powers conferred to it by some legal system, through its representatives, and that plan has to be executed by means of the physical agents that 'act for' the institution.
Super-classes	IntelligentAgent^c
Sub-classes	LegalAgent^c CollectiveAgent^c

iPad^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#iPad`
Description	An ''iPad'' is a ''LaptopComputer'' made by Apple and running Apple's iPadOS operating system. It comes in several models and sizes, with screen sizes from 8 to 13 inches wide. It is a thin computer with potential to use an attachable/detachable keypad.
Super-classes	LaptopComputer^c

iPhone^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#iPhone`
Description	An ''iPhone'' is a ''SmartPhone'' made by ''AppleCorp''. It comes in several models and sizes, with screen sizesabout 6 inches wide. It is highly mobile and can fit into a pocket..
Super-classes	SmartPhone^c

iPod^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#iPod`
Description	Wikipedia: The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about 8 1/2 months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released. As of May 28, 2019, only the iPod Touch (7th generation) remains in production. Like other digital music players, some versions of the iPod can serve as external data storage devices. Prior to macOS 10.15, Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) could be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple macOS and Microsoft Windows operating systems. Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.
Super-classes	AudioSystem^c ManufacturedGoods^c StorageEntity^c PoweredDevice^c DigitalDevice^c MediaPlayingDevice^c
Restrictions	emits^op value Music^c isaSourceOf^op value Music^c

mm-hmm^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#mm-hmm

Description

A low humming 'mm-hmm' sound meaning any of several things, from agreement to just thinking or meaning ;OK, go on.

  Can't find it in dictionaries - how did this get into a frequent word list??

Super-classes Exclamation^c

spatio-temporal-particular[DOLCE]%SpatialThing^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#spatio-temporal-particular`
Description	COSMO Note: note that Cyc SpatialThing does not have to be in our space-time, whereas DOLCE spatio-temporal-particular is. So the DOLCE class is a subclass of the Cyc class. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other #$SpatialThing or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a #$SpatialThing may be #$PartiallyTangible (e.g. #$Texas-State) or wholly #$Intangible (e.g. #$ArcticCircle or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a #$SpatialThing might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all #$SpatialThings are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, #$SpatialThing-Localized. Note that most of the Cyc 'SpatialThings' are in our universe (though not necessarily), so most are also under DOLCE 'spatio-temporal-particular'. DOLCE: Dummy class for optimizing some property universes. It includes all entities that are not reifications of universals ('abstracts'), i.e. those entities that are in space-time.
Super-classes	SpatialThing^c
Sub-classes	IrishThing^c SpatialThing-Localized^c

stative_DOLCE^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#stative_DOLCE`
Description	COSMO note: DOLCE distinguishes Events that have temporal parts with similar character, i.e. the same sort of thing occurs throughout the tie interval of the Event. In OpenCyc, such 'homogeneous' events are represented using 'StuffType' metaclasses. A special subclass is the 'State' where nothing happens over some time interval. 'State' is an important concept in PSL and situation calculus. `DOLCE: An occurrence-type is stative or eventive according to whether it holds of the mereological sum of two of its instances, i.e. if it is cumulative or not. A sitting occurrence is stative since the sum of two sittings is still a sitting occurrence.`
Super-classes	Event^c
Sub-classes	Process_DOLCE^c PersistentState^c

ContemplativeViewing^c # Classes

URI http://micra.com/COSMO/ContemplativeViewing

Description

''ContemplativeViewing'' is a ''Considering'' that is provoked and assisted by 'viewing' follows and repeats a prior act of ''Considering''.

        Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contemplate' in WordNet:
          1. (8) contemplate - (look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought;
             'contemplate one's navel')

Super-classes Considering^c
Viewing^c

Reconsidering^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/Reconsidering`
Description	''Reconsidering'' is a ''Considering'' that follows and repeats a prior act of ''Considering''. In the FOL version, the thing 'reconsidered' has to be equated with the thing 'considered' in the prior action. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'reconsider' in WordNet: 1. (7) reconsider - (consider again; give new consideration to; usually with a view to changing; 'Won't you reconsider your decision?') 2. reconsider - (consider again (a bill) that had been voted upon before, in legislation) WN noun 'reconsideration': 1. (1) reconsideration - (a consideration of a topic (as in a meeting) with a view to changing an earlier decision) 2. reconsideration, second thought, afterthought, rethink - (thinking again about a choice previously made; "he had second thoughts about his purchase")
Super-classes	Considering^c RedoingSomething^c ChangeOfMind^c
Restrictions	impliesPriorEventType^op value Deciding^c impliesPriorEventType^op value Considering^c

Class^c # Classes

URI http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class

Members BiologicalSpecies
GroupThoughtType
CommunicationType
AccountType
PatternType
PlanType
QuantityType
GemstuffType
VitalityAttributeType
PersonalityTraitType
IntensiveAttributeValueType
IncreaseType
FoodObjectType
AntibioticType
IntelligentAgentType
VolumeType
SignLanguageType
GoldType
IndustryOrEconomicSectorType
TopicType
Breed
PertainingAttributeValueType
FutureSituationType
MusicType
VitaminType
RegionType
HabitatType
BacteriumType
MentalObjectType
GroupType
MoneyType
ProbabilityType
CustomType
SemiSolidSubstanceType
USAirForceRankType
FlowerType
ProcessType
WetnessType
PavingType
SpecializationType
InsuredPartyType
LifeFormType
EmittableThingType
WeatherType
InsuredEventType
TwoBodyPartsType
DepartmentType
PersonalityType
LocationType
USMarinesRankType
InheritableType
MysticalType
ViscosityType
GoalType
ActionType
YellowColorType
PhysiologicalConditionType
ResourceType
CollectionType
TimeIntervalType
GameType
AbstractObjectType
IntransitiveEventType
IgnitingType
EatingUtensilType
QualitativeAttributeType
TwoLegsOrFeetType
LipidType
CapabilityType
TimedClassType
AverageType
PlasticType
AttributeTypeType
IndustryType
FastenerType
PorousSheetType
NaturalResourceType
ClothingType
AilmentType
CollectiveNounType
MeasuringDeviceType
LigandType
ComputingDeviceType
USArmyRankType
MoneyTenderType
RecurringActionType
OxideType
FishType
GranularSubstanceType
LimitationType
TextType
BeliefType
SignalType
LexicalType
AnimalType
MeasureType
RacquetGameType
SpawnerType
FinancialAssetType
TemporalLocationType
PartType
SearchingType
SchoolType
HumectantType
ProductType
EventType
BiologicalOrganType
PropelleredDeviceType
CuttingDeviceType
PastParticipleType
MixtureType
ChemicalReactionType
PlantPartType
CeremonyType
SheetType
BiologicalTaxonType
MalleableThingType
WaterSubstanceType
InfectionType
FondueConstituentType
PetroleumProductType
ContextType
AnimalMotionType
FeelingType
BeverageType
ChemicalObjectType
RiddenAnimalType
WaveType
ViralOrBacterialInfectionType
LiquidFuelSubstanceType
TransportationDeviceType
AnimalBodyPartType
PropositionType
ConditionType
PathType
ArthropodType
BiologicalFamily
DosageFormType
TasteType
PretendingRoleType
QuantitativeAttributeType
RuleType
ModuleType
SolutionType
SpecificationType
LearnedActivityType
MetalType
SoluteType
ProrityType
rdfs:Class
SoupComponentType
HumanAttributeType
CoverableObjectType
OpenSidedSupportingObjectType
FingerType
EndangeredSpecies
EnvironmentType
GrammaticalType
SensoryCapabilityType
CanvasType
FluidObjectType
OrganismType
VocabularyType
PlantType
BiologicalSubspecies
AgentRoleType
MusicalInstrumentType
TreeOrBushType
SubstanceType
OccupationType
PublishingType
SkilledActivityType
MedicalTreatmentType
OccupationalRoleType
CausativeAttributeType
RifleType
BiochemicalReactionType
GeometricShapeType
SignType
MilitaryRankType
OrganizationByCustomersType
FoodType
AgreementType
ServiceEventType
ColorAttributeType
HolderType
IllnessType
AgentType
DrugSubstanceType
DayType
OutlawedObjectType
ManufacturedGoodsType
TextureType
AdverbType
StockType
RepeatedEventType
BarOrWireType
QualityType
FuelSubstanceType
GaseousSubstanceType
SubstanceShapeType
ShapeType
MilitaryOrganizationType
ArtifactObjectType
SurfaceObjectType
OrganizationType
PharmacyProductType
AcidType
RegularlyRepeatedEventType
RoleType
AssetType
TemporalThingType
ReddishAttributeType
LocationMeasureType
HairColorType
StoneType
DeviceType
TwoDimensionalShapeType
ElementType
ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType
RankType
USNavyRankType
LifeStageType
PhysicalFeatureType
PairType
MotionType
TendencyType
QuantifierType
RhetoricalDeviceType
ObjectType
WireType
ServiceType
GemstoneType
IntelligentActionType
LossType
GrammarType
RelativeAttributeType
CycleType
GenericSubstanceType
FacialHairType
SymbolType
PhotographicDeveloperType
MineralType
OdorType
AttributeValueType
FluidType
BeastType
AppearanceType
GasType
ImmunityType
MilitaryWeaponType
FacialExpressionType
GenderType
PoliticalPartyType
BiologicalSubclass
OrganismPartType
Carrier
PathogenType
HumanRoleType
EnergyType
AdjectiveType
SporeFormerType
MoleculeType
ObligationType
SolventType
PhysicalObjectType
LimbType
DocumentType
ScopeType
CuttingOrGrindingType
SportType
owl:Class
ValuableThingType
PharmaceuticalType
SolidSubstanceType
TransitiveEventType
BirdType
CountryType
FabricType
DifferenceType
RollType
LandArea
BiologicalOrderType
ChemicalSubstanceType
InventionType
LanguageType
AngiospermSpeciesType
RightType
SolidObjectType
LiquidObjectType
GenreType
CardSuitType
BiologicalGenus
ThreadType
MeasurableQuantityType
InformationType
ExtinctAnimalType
LiquidSubstanceType
SystemType
NucleicAcidType
CoveringType
FruitType
BiteOrNipType
PersonType
AwardType
InputType
ContainerType
LogicalFunctionType
ShelterConstruction
ChemicalFormula
Wheezing
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33724
MagneticStorageMedium
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20454
ClatteringNoise
Commander
Scallop
MexicanFoodObject
Stiffness
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32416
SecretInformation
Patriarchy
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb23290
Fabrication
Ambivalence
Opening
BodyTract
NeuralProcess
PlayingDarts
TelnoType
AirPollution
MovingSlowly
EstablishingaHeadquarters
ProliferationAction
Ovoidal
LightingEquipment
Trash
Forester
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb24161
ComputerImageFile
Drawback
Perfumery
Range
SpaceCharacter
Comparative
CleaningDevice
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10243
Sword
IntelligentAgent
Decency
Flagellum
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29487
Kinship
Selenium
Hydrogen
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb19654
Subsisting
Divesting
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb17449
Detached
Deceitful
ShortcutRoad
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32445
PureWater
CollectingMoney
Goal
DirectionOfMotion
Tasteful
Leaven
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33376
Genetic
Lighthearted
LegallyRequired
ForwardMotion
Postulate
Squatter
Exhibitionism
Gossiper
Irrigating
Multiplicity
Niqab
Imaging
Microphone
PairOfEvents
ColorfullyInteresting
Simplified
HumanResidenceRegion
Insane
GameOfChance
Enjoining
Sadness
Arraying
ContinuingInAcceptance
Unrewarding
Frothy
Melody
Fifth-Volume
Bedtime
Cheesecake
Chinchilla
Hallucinogen
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27384
Visual
FestivalTime
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30260
Woman
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Mitigation
ComputationalSystem
FemalePerson
Penis
Alone
Possibly
MagnifyingGlass
Analgesic
InanimateObject-Natural
PhysicalTherapy
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33555
Cockiness
Executor
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25300
PortableCarrier
Shredder
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33401
HumanAccessibleIBO
TrafficCircle
Stable
Intention
PrimalIndigenousReligion
Foggy
AssociationAuxiliary
Financial
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31905
LosingFunctionEvent
HotChocolate
Idiot
HabitatSituation
Resin
Pollution
Walking
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30714
Older
Plowing
MetalGlaze
BothEyes
UpperDeck
Advantage
Co-Owner
Thanksgiving
Remarrying
SharpeningaPencil
Algebra
Guessing
Finite
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15970
KnockingSound
GenericNetwork
SymbolicGesturing
CopyrightInfringement
Fuzz
Bib
Growth
ConsciousnessAttribute
PoisoningToDeath
Mesa
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20744
TendingBar
UnitedStatesPerson
AgentRole
SquanderingResources
Disastrous
Oxygen_20percent
SmellingAbility
Orthopedist
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28705
DeepReasoning
Mileage
Profitable
Devoted
Railway
SalientGoodEvent
Innovating
Gripstock
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28849
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33137
Fencing
Postulating
Frizzy
MilitaryUnit
Automating
Scant
BeigeColor
Ingot
MathematicalThing
Decreeing
Oh
Atherosclerosis
TwoAgentGroup
FillingInBlankSpace
NestForBirds
WheelPedal
Hourglass
Granular
VowelCharacter
Challenging
Climate
Pump
Respectable
HairColoring
HumanScaleObject
Targeting
Filibusterer
BlackishRed-Color
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30871
ObjectInUse
Constructive
Composed
Caftan
LifeThreatening
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15190
Excessiveness
RoutineAction
AbilityToPerformMagic
Choices
Sonic
Honor
ChillingWithIce
Paternity
DeprecatedAction
GroundMeat
MuslimWoman
ViolatingAnObligation
LogicalSentence
EasyToDo
One-Person
Hula
AirTransportationEvent
NoHairOnHead
VitalPrinciple
Unlikely
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb1565
Muscatel
Epiphanie
TheNeedy
RollOfToiletPaper
ThingWithAttribute
ElectricalRelay
EarthSurfaceObject
Bulky
Ornate
TrashItems
SoilObject
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33545
PersonalBonding
Unbuttoning
ShoeSole
Colt
Colliding
IBTRecoding
Pons
Exultant
PrescribingAnAction
Solidarity
TasteInThings
Extant
Bullfighting
Superstitious
Yogurt
Switching
MilitaryAward
SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment
Engagement
BottleOpener
NuclearGeneratedElectricity
AdministrativeDistrictRegion
CigaretteLighter
AnimalShell
Odometer
Portfolio
ShippingByWater
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32640
Swollen
Dean
ShakingSomething
SucculentPlant
Dredge
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28019
Poor-Performing
ElectronicDataSearching
Banned
Level
Superconductor
ModifyingaComputerDisplay
GrowingSomething
ReligiousFigure
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31893
Distortion
Horizontal
HardcopyInformationBearingObject
Lyrics
DiseaseGroup
Clerical
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29079
Soybean
Hollow
InstillingByDrops
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb16859
Malathion
FlowerShop
FederalistPerson
ObligationCreatingEvent
IronOre
Camisole
MeasuredQuantity
BackwardMotion
Infant
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb26788
Subtle
DeflectingaWave
Indirect
Tulip
Hectare
CoolAndOuttasight
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34183
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30034
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15493
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb600
MahoganyTree
Lofty
GroupPractice
WaltzMusic
CalmingAnInfant
YomKippur
Bedridden
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30284
WildlifeRefuge
Interstate
Comatose
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30565
Snitching
Exact
Postnatal
Ornithologist
Panther
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32464
TrafficCongestion
Snapping
Pizzeria
BeingTiredOfSomething
Disobedient
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15203
ExtractingBySteeping
AdmiringEvent
SwingingOnASwing
FullNameString
Apostrophe
EmittingAWave
Design
DiscussionForum
Sliding
RidingaHorse
Propounding
GarbageCan
Blackening
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20103
Absently
IntentionalForgetting
Tendency
Republican
HairLikeSubstance
EightPackOfChocolateBars
Striker
InteriorDecorator
ShowerStall
Guarded
Monster
Bowler
Diltiazem
Predatory
Squadron-MilitaryEchelon
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25641
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32994
Kerchief
Convex
TransplantingaBodyOrgan
Narrow-minded
ExpellingFromMembership
DentalAppliance
BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance
Vigilante
ShortageOfFood
Pepper
Coated
BasicInformation
Theme
ExpeditionaryGroup
Waterproofing
RedObject
ExitingSomething
Nonconductive
Planetarium
Initiative
Contemplation
Snatching
Turnip
Accomplished
Festooning
Greeting
ModelngAnObject
Miserable
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb3925
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb19941
WaterSoluble
Galloping
Glitch
UniqueInaContext
Systematic
Philanthropist
Comparison
Unbending
Happily
Sled
CompulsiveBehavior
Gecko
Dissolving
ApplyingStuffToTheSkin
Wedge
FuelObject
Croatian
Dyke
AmbientAirObject
Repudiating
Bushel
nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28350
DietaryDeficiencyCondition
Publicizing
Timer
BathHouse
Clack
Laboratory
Indecisive
WakeOfaBoat
Notoriously
Probability
DifferentialEquation
Equation
ChoreographedDancing
FractionFrom0to1
Refueling
CauseOfDeath
Digit-AnatomicalPart
Cordiality
Impudent
MissingPerson
Gosh
Deodorant
AttributeValue
Freezing
ProcessedNaturalSubstance
Doorbell
UFO
ParisianPerson
Invariable
Phosphorus
SchoolFacility

Class^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class`
Sub-classes	AttributeValueType^c InheritableType^c PertainingAttributeValueType^c SubstanceType^c
In domain of	hasRelationDefault^op
In range of	areOfTheSameType^op isaTypicalInstanceOf^op
Members	ShelterConstruction ChemicalFormula Wheezing nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33724 MagneticStorageMedium nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20454 ClatteringNoise Commander Scallop MexicanFoodObject Stiffness nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32416 SecretInformation Patriarchy nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb23290 Fabrication Ambivalence Opening BodyTract NeuralProcess PlayingDarts TelnoType AirPollution MovingSlowly EstablishingaHeadquarters ProliferationAction Ovoidal LightingEquipment Trash Forester nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb24161 ComputerImageFile Drawback Perfumery Range SpaceCharacter Comparative CleaningDevice nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10243 Sword IntelligentAgent Decency Flagellum nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29487 Kinship Selenium Hydrogen nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb19654 Subsisting Divesting nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb17449 Detached Deceitful ShortcutRoad nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32445 PureWater CollectingMoney Goal DirectionOfMotion Tasteful Leaven nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33376 Genetic Lighthearted LegallyRequired ForwardMotion Postulate Squatter Exhibitionism Gossiper Irrigating Multiplicity Niqab Imaging Microphone PairOfEvents ColorfullyInteresting Simplified HumanResidenceRegion Insane GameOfChance Enjoining Sadness Arraying ContinuingInAcceptance Unrewarding Frothy Melody Fifth-Volume Bedtime Cheesecake Chinchilla Hallucinogen nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27384 Visual FestivalTime nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30260 Woman Creation SpoolableObject MobilizingTroops PerpetuatingSomething NavigableWaterSurface Missonary Ingenious Sailing ImpartingAnAttribute ProblemToBeSolved Organizing Saint InvoluntaryBodyMovement ButterCookie BinaryString CountryCode3 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28946 Ballast HistoricalNarrative Pseudoscience nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32314 Reins nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb392 MetalContainer DollCarriage TruckTrailer Chilly AnimalBathing nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29684 InstantaneousEvent Systematizing Diatom StartledMovement Dentistry BlindingAnAnimal nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb8624 PreparingFoodItem GeologicalAge Implied WaterWell BetaRay Archivist Ominous CerealPlant Bankrupt Alleged Marmalade Divorce ShearingaPlant nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29334 ShellSubstance Inserting Bullpen Colloid ContentDevelopment Ice nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28996 Ciliate Unfriendly LogBook NeuroticPerson WatchmansBeat PeacefulRelations GovernmentMinister Breathless JournalArticle Rehearsing Paraplegic PalmOil nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb8634 Explosives Communication NotHungryAnimal Rennet SportsEquipment Guard TableKnife Undulation MilitaryLeader Railroad Reclining ComputerOption ComponentPartOfArtifact Slow HeadNote ComputerFile-Abstract Retail Dug Envy Measurable Yodeling nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10752 Surveying Integrative RelievingPain ExplosionOfAnExplosiveDevice LifeStyle nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb8406 Available ConnectiveTissue DessertFood ExtraterrestrialLifeForm TheseDays BeingLeftOver Oak Taco nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb22303 Town FarmTractor Sacking Hostess AppleTree SpatialThing Cornea spatiotemporal_instant UnknownEvent Coelomate MaterialTransporter Discounted HarmfulAccident Reorganizing Grievance ClassicThing EmittableObject Unsure DishTowel SlurringaPerson Tailoring Falsehood Jiggling Lexical Coupon Authority Sleepyhead GroupOfNations LegalDocument PopulatedPlace Perching Unsuccessful Expression Malnutrition Preferential Worshipping SettlingInaPosition Wounded Affinity NuclearReactor TaskDescription nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20710 Fad Misinformation SiliconDioxide SwimWear ReadinessToEat MarineOrganism nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb26550 Tweeting Struggle Unstable SellingOrganization Basic TableGameEvent CityStateString InsulatingCover AuthenticationSource FloorBoard PeaPlant Reveille InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission ClosedLoopObject PowerGenerationComplex ShearingSheep DaisyPlant Sweetening MiddleAge ScrewShapedObject Wow LegalAllegation Munch OnePace Sparsely nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32023 Preciseness HumanAccessibleIBT Resort Intersecting Trucker MarketMaker nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31553 Laconic NumberRange FaceTime HoldingWithHand TransSexual GearShifting Twisted RepayingWithMoney ArcShaped SocialAssimilation Blinding RockMusicGroup nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32405 Smoky EventSeries Tale TemporalLocation Concert Spinal OpposingAbortion AdaptingCurrent WhackingSound nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb5356 FunctionalEvent Iteration SlavelikeRole Safeness BirchBark MovingOutOfaContainer Lectern Avitaminosis MagnoliaTree ElectricallyNonconductive Chap AtRisk LiteraryVignette MentalSituation-SingleSubject TaxPayer PoliticalPolicy Politeness Towelling nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb22627 LogicalFunction HumanHair Popping Relentless EliminationTournament DoctorOfPhilosophy Unwieldy Bearded Surprise nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32569 Ballet PlaceAtaDistance Perceiving Hut DigestionEvent nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb2407 Crispy Secluded TroopOfSoldiers MonopolizingSomething AdaptingOneself Wardrobe-Furniture Bigoted nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32731 BaseballMitt AirConveyance FattyTissue Secretary RelievingAnAilment JudgmentDay CoronaryThrombosis nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb8630 BoardGame SwitchingaDeviceOff FruitDrink Narrow OutOfControl nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29637 AbandonedPerson SharpPain ReferenceStandard SuperiorStatus EmergingIntoExistence UltravioletRadiation MedicalSpecialist Attache Restored BreakingSomething WavyHair GramStainTest CulturalThing Candidly SmallScale Bursary InformationTransferEvent ImprovementEvent Speaking MetalStrip Delaying nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29033 Incorporating Adventure Multivariate Prop ClassifiedAdvertisement nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb14475 Ox Correctness ObservantJew DocumentFormat Galvanometer Allergy Predicament Owner LayingAnEgg LinearObject Jamaican Generously DigitalDisplay Progression nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31179 Hunting Polio AutoSeat FlatteningSomething RowOfObjects EscapingCaptivity Refined Wetting Therapeutic PhysicalContactSituation BariumNitrate TransportationPathSystem Barbaric Enlivening BirdSeed BloodStain Main-Line MusicalRendition DelayingAction Morpheme JottingDownSomething IBOCreation Blueprint RegulatingBehavior FaultFinder Headset SleeveOfGarment Gangster PersonalCircumstances PungentTasting Cult Preliminary FormOfAddress FinalLifeStage Horde Headquarters Illusion Cuttings Wonder MultipleEntityTable EatingEvent IceBucket Hatch InitiatingAnOralConversation nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb6749 Baseline Floating Superfluity Alcohol500mgPerMl Beehive Autochthon Detecting Synergizing nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30277 Regulated CommodityProduct Duodenum nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30557 PsychologicalProcess nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15134 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb21340 CheckForm Ink Lamppost TimeOfDay Lumen Frustrating FinancialBailout nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb13663 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb7050 Economically Framework DogSled nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb16665 MetazoanCell nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28257 Bass PreparedFoodAttribute Sophomore Educator PossibleFutureDisaster CarbonDioxide WellDone Fermented CentrifugalForce InsideOfSomething Bitch nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31492 TrackingAnAnimal nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30121 Stereophonic PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent Intense Bequeather Unsafe TwoStoreyBuilding Femininity FeedingBirds Candid Larynx ProtectingPassively Watching Library-Department SpinningWheel Amusing OccurringWeekly nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32999 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29191 MilkMan SmokingMarijuana ConcentratingByEvaporation SnapperFish Rickshaw Bangle Beautifully Marsupial Ark Pitchfork FoodIngredientOnly Rat SolidBodySubstance CharacterizingSomething Booklet SmartPhoneApp Baroness Koala Factory Manganese Odor BoundaryPlane SecretaryGeneral TheaterBuilding SeatedPerson Transient U-turn Colombian SolicitingBusiness EmittingaBadBreath SettlingaDispute HouseBoat QueenTheKingsWife Drummer Sexy Feature Pianist UsefulSuggestion Keel MesaVerdeCactus Washtub Blackish HorseHoof Uncle SheafOfCords Robotics Stork PolarOpposites Cervical Systemic Reproaching Pubis LawnMower nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10001 Seamed Clasp StuntingGrowth Skillfully Drill Confectioner LengthMeasuringDevice ChildRole EquineAnimal Three-Year-Old Ship VegetarianCuisine DisgustingPerformance Poikilotherm FogDroplet U-Shaped Apatite Naif BrimFull Senescent StructuralBeam PluckingaString PoloBall nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30909 Wealthiness Rabies-Virus HousePlant Finch PavingaPathway CommunicationDevice Squirt RainCoat InFocus Thorough Childhood DeterminingFactor ScullOar nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29870 CookingGrill Erupting Deflated Demanding GeoOrientationMeasure MilitaryAircraft Womanizing nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb24741 TransferringSomething RightField Gullible DressingGown nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb18088 FallingFromaStandingPosition CatchingUpOnDevelopments HeeHaw Arising CodingAuthority BloodTransfusionEvent Arrested Genotype Lynx CoraciformBird PossibleWorld ReproductiveCell PowerLifting Militarily Cyclotron Mood StreetWalker Erythromycin Memorizing nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32266 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb11539 PlasticWrap JobDescription SkeletalRemains Pig SwingingaRod IDDocument Calendar WaterBottle Rash Furnace Giraffe Membrane FlatteringAction Offsetting Tile Someone Ovation MathematicsDepartment CardDealer Albanian Repelling Compromised nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30755 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34355 Interpreting Flagellate Philanthropy Sanity TheElite nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28007 FinancialEase Advanced-Modern nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb22468 Boiling nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32344 Wiry iPod Racism Magma Meteorologist Positively Classifier Fish LotusPosition SpanishReal GroundGlassLens ReligiousSong nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28094 BackupCopy PayingAttention Policing ClusteringTogether Division-Military Voluntarily ReciprocalAction Snorkel SpiritualIllumination Sextant Interminable CoarseMeal LakeColor Attempted WesternMovie NonReligiousPerson Sinus ShapingHair Microprocessor Sparse Disproof RegularlyScheduled LightColored Knowingly NaturalTangibleStuff Rambling Redistributing InstructionsDocument nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29994 Moonwalk UsingaPatentOrCopyright StraddlingPosture Guffaw DrumMajor Thrombosis DesirableEvent AverageValued Oboe Showering Centimeter Exempt SelfDiscipline Enamel LegalDocument-Abstract CommemorationEvent nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29653 Parenthesis WinningaMedal Uneven PortCity ReceivedWisdom Repertoire Marquee Painful HardToResist Waddle EatingMeat BlankPhysicalPage WiseAct nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30761 StingingByAnimal Staffer Unconcealed Modification QuittingAction ArgumentCon DevelopmentOfTheUniverse OrganizationEmployees Steeple Secretariat Quitter Suitor Cardiologist HandSaw ShipsCargo JungleGym Anxiously GranularityValue Vat nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb26518 Former SugarBeet FinelyDivided Loop nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb422 Camera StauchingBleeding MultiAgentAction MotionUpward NerveImpulse MonomerUnit Flawed BloodCirculation HawaiianPerson Chitin UpliftingEvent nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28165 FashionBoutique RopeOrCable InternalChange NonFunctional Fence Gasoline Fortnight Amphibian HavingEndurance Regenerating Tearful ManufacturedHome Pentane SafetyPin Doorway OldTime Misplacing WomensSuit Parched VolatileSubstance HittingaGolfballWithaClub Mason Brush LineOnaSurface ArchaeologicalSite Gracefully Frenzy SequencingaGroup TheSyndicate BackpackHiking PreemptiveAcquisition nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb12849 TemporalRegion Ape CommunistPartyMember IllegitimateChild HighProfile Clattering LittleLeague nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32038 Lorry Whole SouthernDrawl MiddleAges Rumor nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb5038 PreventingSunburn EconomicSector Moist Deceiving Hiker HannukahObservance Forceps ContrastingThings Orderly Doubtful nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10005 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb13881 NursingAnInfant Criticism-Genre DependentLifeForm Cup Castaway nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb8288 Pupil TantalizingAction Parachute TrappedFeeling NonstopFlight Yoke HidingOneself Legally ActorsInaPerformance BroadcastEpisode Published CuttingMetal Stamping Bush Rooster Transforming Goofy DeadAnimal Critique VariableLengthMeasure Seated FormalJobDescription Infusing-Medical PrecisionInstrument Blade nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30106 Lard RidingaRaceHorse Toroidal BecomingOpen Accusing Indonesian InorganicSodiumSalt nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28879 Rowboat Hazing IdentificationMark SingleSiteOrganization HeatUnit VerifiedFact BuildingMaterial BiteOrSting Privatization ShootingAnArrow Bastion nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34288 BankOrganization Rudder nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb17267 Yawning SpatialPathSystem LawSchool CarryingByHand HeatingSomething Retired MalleableObject Influx Axiom Optimizing Enchantress Painter-Artist Arid Mushy FunctionQuantity GetTogether Gambling NaturalChannel TemperatureMeasure Encouraging Independence BeingCrowded NarrativeRecord WindowLedge Salubrious nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb12900 FoldableObject GeographicalThing Urgency NumberOne ConductingaMusicalComposition Showtime Monotheism TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities DrinkingCan RetailChainStore Iconic Cornet Hissing Frustrated PigFamily Gainful Self-Help Fast-Growing Chelation Gubernatorial Lagoon-Generic Unhappy Ibuprofen Recorded Milk PiecesOfMail FundingaProject Accretion Partisan Googling VoluntaryBodyMovement NightTime Planted nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28909 BrakeSystem MassCommunicating TakingCareOfaChild nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb6464 TranscribingSpeech Mouthwash ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction Cinematic OldFashioned AnxietyDisorder Border Defeatist Double Cheers ServingSpoon AnimalBodyRegion InputtingData KnittingNeedle LayingSomethingHorizontally Twirling nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31344 MultiEthnicCommunity Appropriating ShapeChange nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33577 Converging Sick Astronomy Prolonged Resurrecting InterestingThing FictionalCharacter TransportationConductor Sanctimonious Pronoun Welding MultistepChemicalSynthesis Gossip DocumentaryRecord Americium Padlock WeightDevice Pitiable Paralyzing Censor GameArtifact Wetlands Playfully ChineseCharacter EMailMessage Crosswalk MaleOrganism Primeval ComputerProgramExecution Incoherent RealNumber TemporaryPosition PsychologicalAttribute Pansy Barn Merchandising PoeticRhythm GoldColored Vigor Coal nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32833 Pole nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27846 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb4973 XRayPhotographicDevice Clincher ChemicalPrecursor Weight Hedonist Interjection Rapport nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb14252 EthnicFood ReiterativeActionSeries nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31928 CuckooClock FantasyStory Cloudless Past Chug Hexagon Asymptote VasDeferens Pigeonholing NonPhysicianPrescriber nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30578 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34316 VerticallySymmetricalObject MultipleCauses G-force DeathOfaSpouse Superb ThreadedDevice Believing SuckingOnSomethingInMouth Staff Rust Punch-TheTool EncouragingCommunication nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29594 ShootingAtSomething Cranberry Insincere Smiling Backpack CityArea IncidenceRate Aching Insoluble Homelessness SingleCellOrganism PotassiumHydroxide Comparing PillowStuffing Subscale Brothers Backache RectangularParallelepipedLike GroupOfStars nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb2557 Overshadowing PersonalProduct CottonBall TenYearPlan Spotlight PhotographicFilm Chilled CapsicumPepperPlant Urology PeacockTail Fact-Based Herring King-HeadOfGovernment ChessBoard Physiologist ComputerDisplay Furnishings Homemaker Region Fillet Hesitating Contracting DumpingGarbage AttractivenessValue MilitaryAgent FeelingOfInsecurity Resolved Sharing Function EitherOrChoice RollerWheel BodilyResponse Inferiority Evocative ApplePiece Pie PloughingaTrench Kicking Mold GoodDeed nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb19725 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb26696 Cylindrical Oral CapsuleContainer Impatient AcademicSubdivision DyingProcess TradeableSecurity Spendthrift SpatialArea Crayons Dragonfly BaseballSeries Foreclosing ContributingSomething Traffic Muslin DeathByKilling Biochemist ChileanPerson Capitalized 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nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34186 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34212 Centrally Elsewhere nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb2474 Radiance Misery nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb3556 Competitor StraightPin ShieldDevice PortugueseManOfWar Amnesia Snowman Spark Tossing TelephoneMouthpiece PennyPinching nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb17651 DrinkingCoffee Mouthpiece ColumnShape TeaSpoon-MeasuringTool Cadre GasMask Flamethrower ArtificialIntelligence Urban Compatible Snooping Scabies ContractDocument Agent HandlebarMoustache Surgeon DiscoMusic Exhaling Rolling Rhymed Humongous VectorInterval CommemorativeObject BeginningOfCordlikeObject OrangeBackground AgentCapability Pervasive Embankment Choreographing Newbie LifeSized ColonyRegion OccupationalScope ClothingLining EngagedToBeMarried Loam Hafnium Molding AlphabeticalCharacter Unacceptable Conferring Outnumbering nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb14913 Excitement ReleasingaPrisoner ActingInaMovie Pointer BorrowedObject 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nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10234 Illiterate Rationale FinancialDocument Liberalism nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27948 Silence BuyingRealEstate nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29693 Cruelly MonthAndYear AnimalHusbandry VoltageMeasure Hovering Vital nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28224 IllBeing Flexibility Peddling AudibleSound Spirochete DifferenceValue Nut-TheDevice Prom Movement-TranslationEvent Zombie Pyrite GramPositiveBacterium Guru PaymentAmount nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27781 Lux Stub Resident Gender Grinning After-School Assassination Consolidation StunningSomeone Citizenship ExclusiveOption Done Fixed Hostility BeginningToEndingTime ScoringaFieldGoal PeopleSilence Bone-BodyPart Comb nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28269 Oven AfghanHound DrumInstrument Cranium HiringAnAgent Methodically Shampoo Individualistic MilitaryWeapon Goof-off Charismatic Idol Snazzy LongJourney DrillingaTooth Tuesday Breakup Pilfering Synthesizer CrowdOfPeople Spoke nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb12826 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31026 Speckle AbsorbentObject Convulsive GoldenOpportunity Lethargic Oppositeness EmploymentTermination Delicately TimeDependentQuantity Historic Palette Plutonium ModestComfort BiasingaPerson Emergency ElectronicPlug Protecting Platter TongueTwister TelephoneCall MetalPlate NetworkRouter Latch FullProfessor nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb55 BegoniaOrder Transcription Eight-Year-Old InsulatingObject HomogeneousThing Yarmulke PrintedMaterial PercussionInstrument Cruise Dangling Wise Cylinder Stake GeneticCondition nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb21090 FarmAnimal Plank Mitten Understandable SteamBath Temporarily BreastCancer Readiness GroupVolume Vigilance BarTender WikipediaArticle RetailOrganization Sorely Artisan Imperfection Dictionary PieceOfPlasticFilm Voice AnimalTrack WinterCoat OutburstOfEmotion Phonologist ScoringaRun ThreeAgentAction Parchment Rototiller Event-Organized Livestock Crib Operation 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nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb26583 Inmate Mention Isolating SearchingForFood FootballGame-American Icicle MilkCurd RankOfPeople AttemptingActivity nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32029 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28641 InsidiouslyHarmful Unable DosageForm nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb23173 IndivisibleThing Minimally Conceptualizing StartingTime CarryingaRider Finalist InjectingOrInfusing Makeshift Nostril Twinkle Apple Brunt Number BaseballGame Opposing Inspector EmbarkingOnaVenture Scalpel Paucity PalletLoad Mucilage AttuningOeself DeliveryPerson MusicEquipment GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial OpenTopContainer Fragrance PullingOnAnObject Footnote Expensively Stash ModularHome Girl Warhead Garter Tutor Idealist CoughMedicine Breakability ThreeYearOldChild UnfriendingaFacebookFriend nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb18761 OilField AluminumFoil Aberration Expanded Checkers AmbiguousExpression Uniquely Vertex Vegan GettingEngaged PartlyFilled Brand 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nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb16061 organization identification code BlueberryBush Lunch Budget nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30705 AccessingAnIBT Ache Argentinian Clue FineParticle LaurelOrder GivingaPerformanceBonus ProtectiveCap Journal Squarely TeaLeaf Disproving nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb1399 Acute BoyScouts BronzeAge Plum nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31188 Flint Passion Hermit Platform-Military Bipartisan DescribingSomething ZaZen RollingEvent FloatingPointOperation EndOfheWorld Deprecated Squatting BeaverDam GivingAnAllowance RelativeAttribute Insolvency InflationRate WorrisomeSituation CollaborativeResearchProject MaskingSomething Griddling Sleighing Convertible QueenOfSpades WaterWorks Caste SoapAndWater Funnel FacialTic Corrupted LawEnforcementOrganization Tail nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30542 Oppressed ShipOrTrain Wig Stripper Led Soup CommercialBuilding Spiritually Abstainer BacterialPneumonia Cunnilingus JuvenileDelinquency Waltzing Psychoanalysis Potato-Foodstuff ProtozoalInfection Soon ApplyingNailPolish Sealant Phlegm Diseased Canine Whiteness Mozzarella UnemployedPerson BoaConstrictor Culturally TestResult AbilityToSpeakEnglish nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb7854 CarPool Puffy MedicalScience Ceremony Deserting Pro-Lifer Workaholic Acquisitive OnePerson Negative Imposing Unreturnable Trek BeliefSystem WindEnergy nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb23039 NationalEconomy MeetingAgenda Exhaustion EuropeanPerson nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb838 Disobedience PowderedSugar SimpleTool Leopard Professional-Adult Zoologist nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30289 Inhabited TVTransmitter DrilledHole Politicizing Happiness TuftOfStrands Bellowing Gauge Loin Comptroller nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32233 MicrowaveRadiation CausingaMentalEvent Abortion Hierarchy UserInterface AidingAllies Umbrella WindowFrame nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30234 PoliticalPartyMembers Opposition-Feeling BaseballField HaltingEvent ProfessionalBroker UpToDateness Stellar nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29552 Resignation TornadoAsObject BothLegs Volunteer nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32881 Apprenticing Transparent Guaranteeing Slate ParticulateMatter EnrollingInSchool Dejected RazorBlade Skier PlayScript Chameleon CategoryError Shortcoming Leukemia IndividualScore Pistil Nibbling GuardingProperty RentalCar LongDormantVolcano nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29388 IndicatorSubstance LocomotionProcess-Animal InformationRecordingEvent DayCare nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb855 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27860 Mouthful PaperWeight nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb26955 Uncomfortably TipToes ExposingToTheSun WorthyOfSomething Casing Figure Prominent GradingMachine Disliking Periodically ScienceFiction-Genre ModusOperandi Prospective nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb11650 AttributeChangeEvent QueenOfHearts Allotting Backgammon-EquipmentSet Disclosed DiggingaTrench MonetaryDebt Circus Unknowing Valet OrganismCollapse Stabilizing IndefiniteQuantity nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15372 Publicity Lapse Wicker Smokestack MoralPrinciple Alive2001-2008 Brandishing Chemist Balanced nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb17943 Special-Purpose Receiving Traitor Drizzle Numerator IntraBuildingTransportationDevice Long Mowing ChargingSomeoneWithaTask NursingaPerson Disadvantaged Euphemism Violinist Facepalm UnlikelyThing Contrast Janitor Gun Extensive Viable Leaf Long-Distance Mafia SprawlingPosture OceanFlooding Psychical ReproductiveBody Hallmark Calcite Proclaiming Gadget Proprietary Vial Gnawing AshWednesdayCross Weld Singing Bright HousePainter Dyslexia nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb16655 MackerelShark AutoDealer BreakabilityValue Item CreatingaRepresentation Dutiful Correctional Gratefully Jalapeno Opportunity TemporaryLodgings Club-Weapon Impressed Pager Anthropogenic AnnoyingEvent MilitaryVehicle RoofingaStructure Densely Quarry OutpatientClinic Libertine Complaint Sling CoachingAthletes Sportsman MathematicalFormula MultivariateAnalysis Suspenseful Clotting Nanny SubmergingInWater Corporal Left-Hander Revulsion Smog HeartBeating IceSculpture Area ResearchProject Tightening Rightward Arcade FoxTrotting nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31923 BeingaMemberOfaGroup Dyslexic DeletingText Immigrating QuietingDown Wistful Invertebrate TwoYearOldChild BetrayingaTrust ForgingaMetalObject Ceremonial nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20733 Conceivably VerifiedFactAboutEvent Implement Dove Inspirational nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30162 Pulverizing IncurringAnInjury CommonFolk RollOfAbsorbentPaper Distinctly LeftThumb FlexedMuscle nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28636 Recurrence Wrapper MountingaHorse MakingaRecord Taxation Capitalist WaterMotion Lovely DevelopingaNewProduct nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27760 FifthPlace ElectromagneticRadiationEvent Precondition Tentacle Cyclic nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32813 OrganicAcid nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20204 FreshWaterObject Artifact-Generic SponsoringaPerson Enlightenment Ruffle Cement-Structural Armadillo SophomoreStudent Edification Broccoli-Foodstuff Picture LongAndThinThing Fining StiffBristle Fiercely SpongeArtifact GrammaticalStructure Post Wholesale Freckle Gastrointestinal WashingLaundry Inhaling-BreathingIn nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33587 Moroccan DryingDishesWithaTowel Expectorant Faculty Tonsillectomy ExhaustingaSupply Unspoken BackSide GroupOfQuestions Polish PausingHostilities RigidObject PowerOfAttorney EmotionalState Convention Hunter Finnish nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb13148 Watertight nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30691 DrugAbuse Escorting DrillBit Shutout TransferringOwnership nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34008 NitrateIon Alcoholism Stranding HandlingAnObject CheckoutCounter Classy FishingPole Passionate nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb1365 Mollusk Photograph Approval-Emotion TestingEvent Spectral Kindness CenterOfRotation Testosterone DraftAnimalDriver Potentiality Histrionic SunLight Cochlea Unimpressive Carrots-Foodstuff God Tier FishingNet Interest-Monetary OperaOrOratorio nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33852 MakingaPhysicalSubstance nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb4803 OffSiteLocation nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb6350 MusicalHarmony Leathery GatheringRags Luck LinguisticAssertion Pandemonium FabricObject ContourMap Sponsor Sunbathing nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb14039 Landfill Testifier Gigantic Endowment Ding-Dong ComputerHardwareItem Continental PairOfLungs FundRaising PortuguesePerson Sunshade Counteracting EquivalentThing nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32751 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20620 Blackout CarnivorousOrganism Customer TemporaryWorker nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30749 Freezer CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance HangingFromSomething SpongyObject Loitering Citizen GoingToBed Hunger Bonging Lepton BatteringAnObject AirTransportationDevice Sciatica AmberColored Hole Sonogram Die-GamePiece Voting ProductSubstance Improper Wilting Populous Levee PubliclyHeldCorporation Ellipsoid Antigen ShotAtaGoal Maze Rescuer Geek FoundingAnOrganization HuddlngTogether WritingInCapitalLetters nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29829 Boor PositionalAttribute BeingDead ServingVessel nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20160 Parity Wolf LiquidContainer nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29741 Overlap Incising Redhead DischargingPassengers Mysterious nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29873 Mine nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29988 LargestThingInaContext Big-Time HeatingAndCoolingSomething CrepePaper Conclusion Marxism InsectLarva Letting Backpacking WritingDevice SiteOfAnEvent MakingSomethingPopular Terbium EsteemingSomeone Cohabitation Phosphate Tactic Classroom HeavyCream BetweenTwoObjects SoftwareAgent Settler AvailableTime nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb16090 Accelerated Whacking nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29020 PlacentalMammal SeaCucumber nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31834 SlakingaThirst ShortMessage Processor Newton Suspenders DensityMeasure Disqualified ConformingAction Mediterranean Self-Sufficient nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb3427 Insincerely DefendingAgainstAnAccusation CommercialActivity ElectoralDistrict nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb199 RepresentingaConstituency FeePayment Acquaintance Charter Tortilla Gale Jurisdiction Acme BluegrassMusic CarbonCompound US-Led PsychoNeurotic DayOfTheYear ContinentRegion Untouched MovieShowing PoliticalCampaign Woodwork HumanOccupationConstructResident Solid-Substantial EasterHoliday Shade ComputerMenu Cinnabar nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30626 LaboratoryAnimal Head-on TabularOrderedGroup Phonology GoalPostCrossPiece Malfunctioning Ytterbium FitPerson BodyOfSaltWater TeaPot LoopShaped nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30216 EvangelicalPerson OccurringDaily BaseballPlayer PleasantEvent Orthodoxy InaLeaningOrientation SpendingMoney nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34331 Assignment Logical Galena CoalMining PeanutOil nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33039 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33380 PingPongBall Piranha WoodframeStud PredisposingToAction NonHumanAnimalDisease Lost Inquisitive Recruitment Notifying DayCareCenter Grandchildren Strengthening Literary Impossibly SupportingFeminism Garlic Remains Meiosis ParticleAccelerator Fetishism PleasuresOfTheFlesh nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb7235 Understating MilitaryEvent Kidnapping SolderConnection Disguise Aspiration Anguish MacroMolecularSubstance Sanction Uncontrollable VisibleLight nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb3188 Concealed nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32411 Handkerchief Autonomous Seamless Plantation FlyingObject GeneticDisorder Ointment Barbell Reconciling GrainField ElectronVolt VenomousSnake EventTrajectory Touched-Feeling ChangeOfState AntisocialAction BlowToTheHead JuniorStudent SalientThing nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29297 Disability Pink AgentAttributeValue nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb21013 Slingshot OverlookingaPlace nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb19231 CastOfaPerformance SymbolicThing Verb Worsening Pitch ManagementEvent Famously Easygoing Hub nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb17040 ClericalWorker nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10380 Premier Tarnished PersonalAffinity Brood TouchingState nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb17220 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28517 LodgingSomewhere GubernatorialElection nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33210 Tract DiceGame FruitPeel FunctioningOfaDevice Caliper KilnFiring PeriodicalTopic TableTop Denouement Riding Retro nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33888 Handyman Venerating RealEstateAgent GarageDoor Utility MagicTrick Testifying Beer StampDevice Esophagus Canopy Contraband SnowBlower PointyEnd BreathingDevice FalseEvidence Acquainting PeriodicalPublisher WinLossRecord Sound Harsh Famous TouringACity GreenGroceries Drink Referee Finder Superhighway Acupuncture FlyingSquad Severely Debilitating SelfPortrait ExercisingCommandAndControl Swelling-Generic nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb18014 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27922 SmallPerson DidNotHappenEvent TeeingUp FutureMeeting MessingSomethingUp Movie Virtue GroupOfSentences nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25709 Impeding Soccer FirstThing Searcher JuvenileDelinquent nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb16758 Pebble BeingInaRole Autumn Ruminant HatingEvent Inland Admiration-Respect Thysanuron Topaz-Gem Desert SocialIntercourse SatisfyingEvent Make nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb457 PoweredDevice Herd ShortSleeveShirt ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople Thrust ToyBalloon Kaleidoscope TwoToned BloodOxygen RebuffingaPerson Offending Dreamcatcher BaseballTeam Accuser nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27944 OuterEdge Smoking Continuant Smoke AccompaniedEvent Rip SecurityBlanket nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28152 KarateActivity ExtendingaScope BoringSomeone Skinny HardHearted Deodorizing CatholicPerson DecimalPoint BillOfImpeachment LargeWindow FlooringMaterial Treasurer Saving DualFinalScore Federally Intelligent Postal nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb5156 All-Out FarmBusiness Busily Spinning nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb9370 SocialIntervening Tightlipped nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb18391 Modern NorwegianPerson Truss Bilingual Scorekeeping ReligiousDoctrine Wincing TreatEvent Amphetamine HigherCognitiveProcess UnfavorableOpinion Spring-Device Gum Journalism NthRatio FinancialAccountTenderObject OpticalDevice HotAirObject ElectricalFuse MathematicalRepresentation Recipient Anchor HotLine LineOfObjects SpacingThingsOut BlondeHair Pre-Service nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb9248 CostOfPurchase Dogmatical Totalitarianism BallisticMovementInAir Palliation Shamed Rifling Equalitarian Continued LordNoble Captioner Ankle Saudi Entirety Glaring ConservativeInAction WellTimed Arroyo Racer Refreshing CarvingKnife Uphillward Header OrderedTrio ErrorEllipse Preference SewageTreatment UnitOfMass Splicing Emotionless nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb21565 RidingInaBoat nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb17175 Newlywed Invaluable MakingAnAppointment ReportingToaManager SensingByaDevice DeepHoleInTheGround QuickBread Unheard BiometricIdentifier Listening Bequeathing RustlingSound nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb19916 Acclaimed nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10219 Aspirin Ammunition Statistically GeographicalSpaceRegion BadExperience Inconvenience Transubstantiation Raw Till PostOfficeStaff HavingSomethingInside PersonaNonGrata AircraftCrewMember Borough Sunrise ChildcareWorker Reed RationaleForAction Fan-ElectricalAppliance Tickle HardnessMeasureMohs Judgment BandShaped DandelionPlant PixelImage Lefty ThePast Dew Compulsory Motionless Guidance Synchronized Calamine DecreaseEvent GettingaFeeling ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher RuralRegion Cryptography Neurologist PhysicalSpaceRegion Boot Paycheck WritingBoard InUse Congestion DesignForaDevice Downside Auspice Struggling Voyeurism Guinea-Coin CompositionAttributeValue NegligiblySmall BloodFlow nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25232 Learner nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb12167 PersonalDevice Parishioner Hat BeingLuminous InchMercury PhysicalFeature Dipper HexalateralBox Puncture Talus TakingTurns Reluctantly Celebrity Globally Distinctive Protein Sustainability FirstPlace IncreasingIntensity Volunteered Descending Blitzkrieg Healer Armchair Scrutiny Sedative Constrained WaterTransportationVehicle UsingADevice nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb11241 NeverMarried GrippingWithHands nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb12953 WhiteZinfandel Superconductivity Seminar Brokering RanchHand InformationGathering PlayingaPiano TouchyFeely Practitioner nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb10230 Judging LackingAnOccupant Applauding Recruit Journalistic Ability Parachuting Company-Military Abbey AircraftTakeoff Irradiating Grout SpaceSurface Thoughtful HydrogenCyanide ZeroDimensionalThing SyntheticResin nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34358 DeskPad CleansingHair GroundWater Banal nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28578 Unwise Bug Sex nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29215 ElectricalResistance USStateGovernors Raininess PrayingHandsGesture ConspiracyGroup GunTrigger Ethos Result Lapel GatheringFoodInTheWild HarshBehavior Stale nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb24381 AbilityToDissolveSubstance Kernel BalsamicVinegar Enthroning VentingaFluid Sedan PleasantlyAgreeable CoiledSpring Epoch ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial Talking nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28337 Troublesome nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29650 Thickness Intending BoxingMatch nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27879 JudicialDecision Suburban PracticalJoke Limelight ShowerFixture DiskDrive Rear Wellness nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20093 GoverningaCountry Choral Overhot Legislative ShortTermMemory DramaticPerformance Tired Suppository GreekPerson Gymnasium EquilateralPolygon Picturesque Downloading nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25694 Disgusted ReflectingTelescope Grassland DedicatingaPublicFacility Player Nowadays Subsistence Aggressively CourseGrade FruitAndVegetableFood Acceptable ComplianceWithTheLaw PoliceBlotter Ethically RateMeasure Egret ArtilleryFire Lifetime Kiosk TransparentPlate Awareness ChocolateCake nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25705 Physics Disorderly NineYearOldChild Popular-ByThePeople BurstingApart nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb8876 GrapefruitTree Meat DarkBlondeColor AnglicanChurch BathAccessory DocumentBindingEvent HelpingaBride BarbWire Nonproliferation FirstHand Unfaithful AscendingStairs CellMembrane Jaded Geometrical PubliclyTradedSecurity Whiteboard ShockingSomeone UsingLand ShootingSomething ReservingaService TsunamiImpact ChemicalEnergy Innings CommercialFarming Outvoting ShufflingWalk HumanAgent nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31477 DrinkingGlass Boldly Refinery NumericalFunction Plaque CarryingPassengers CommercialFacility GlidingJoint CarvingSomething SunBeam Skillfulness RelativeState TapeRecorder DramaScript Robust nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb27446 Petitioner Worldly DrugPrescription NorthWestern Leg Deadline Promenade HabitualPreference Choir InterestingaPerson BoneStructure Vegetative OrderedGroup nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29153 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25311 Selfish Peafowl Verbosity Diverticulitis Humectant Verbose Perceiving-Involuntary Joule Plundering GroupOfCultures Cringeworthy LithuanianPerson Inconvenient IndustrialEconomicSector nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32679 Optimist FoodObject WordSense Conviction nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30547 Specificity MeasurementResult RequiringSomething SignalingAction Nailing Concealer Halogen StressedSyllable CactusSpine Halfway Cerium AbilityToDanceTheWaltz MentalStructure GlassFiber Nut-TheFruit Germ Insider GuerrillaWar NotMarriedCouple NonConscious Tracker nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30157 AsexualReproductionEvent CorrectionalInstitution Nickel nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29149 Hajj FoodGroup Requesting LowIncomeGroup DiscouragingSomeone Composting Thirsty FocalInfection Long-Range nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb24129 Grillwork ReElection MusicalOrgan Horizontally ShovelBlade Nonstick Stoppage AtmosphericWaterVapor Parenthood Fortification Hotly MasterOfCeremonies Sidetracked Bottle Unintentionally BladeOfGrass Path-Simple Shattered Unsuccessfully LegalPenalty Tee Pill Horseshoe Existing RecruitingUnionMembers Edition nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb19556 Fleet SubtractingAnExpense nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb11182 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15014 FallingProcess Tugboat UMLdiagram Conveyance-Stationary Astatine Commonality OppositeThing DamagedObject EconomicAid ChangingaTopic UploadingaFile LeashingAnAnimal ExtendingAnObject ElectromagneticSpectrum WalnutTree ApplicationText Mitigation ComputationalSystem FemalePerson Penis Alone Possibly MagnifyingGlass Analgesic InanimateObject-Natural PhysicalTherapy nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33555 Cockiness Executor nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25300 PortableCarrier Shredder nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33401 HumanAccessibleIBO TrafficCircle Stable Intention PrimalIndigenousReligion Foggy AssociationAuxiliary Financial nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31905 LosingFunctionEvent HotChocolate Idiot HabitatSituation Resin Pollution Walking nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30714 Older Plowing MetalGlaze BothEyes UpperDeck Advantage Co-Owner Thanksgiving Remarrying SharpeningaPencil Algebra Guessing Finite nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15970 KnockingSound GenericNetwork SymbolicGesturing CopyrightInfringement Fuzz Bib Growth ConsciousnessAttribute PoisoningToDeath Mesa nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20744 TendingBar UnitedStatesPerson AgentRole SquanderingResources Disastrous Oxygen_20percent SmellingAbility Orthopedist nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28705 DeepReasoning Mileage Profitable Devoted Railway SalientGoodEvent Innovating Gripstock nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28849 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33137 Fencing Postulating Frizzy MilitaryUnit Automating Scant BeigeColor Ingot MathematicalThing Decreeing Oh Atherosclerosis TwoAgentGroup FillingInBlankSpace NestForBirds WheelPedal Hourglass Granular VowelCharacter Challenging Climate Pump Respectable HairColoring HumanScaleObject Targeting Filibusterer BlackishRed-Color nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30871 ObjectInUse Constructive Composed Caftan LifeThreatening nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15190 Excessiveness RoutineAction AbilityToPerformMagic Choices Sonic Honor ChillingWithIce Paternity DeprecatedAction GroundMeat MuslimWoman ViolatingAnObligation LogicalSentence EasyToDo One-Person Hula AirTransportationEvent NoHairOnHead VitalPrinciple Unlikely nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb1565 Muscatel Epiphanie TheNeedy RollOfToiletPaper ThingWithAttribute ElectricalRelay EarthSurfaceObject Bulky Ornate TrashItems SoilObject nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb33545 PersonalBonding Unbuttoning ShoeSole Colt Colliding IBTRecoding Pons Exultant PrescribingAnAction Solidarity TasteInThings Extant Bullfighting Superstitious Yogurt Switching MilitaryAward SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment Engagement BottleOpener NuclearGeneratedElectricity AdministrativeDistrictRegion CigaretteLighter AnimalShell Odometer Portfolio ShippingByWater nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32640 Swollen Dean ShakingSomething SucculentPlant Dredge nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28019 Poor-Performing ElectronicDataSearching Banned Level Superconductor ModifyingaComputerDisplay GrowingSomething ReligiousFigure nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb31893 Distortion Horizontal HardcopyInformationBearingObject Lyrics DiseaseGroup Clerical nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb29079 Soybean Hollow InstillingByDrops nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb16859 Malathion FlowerShop FederalistPerson ObligationCreatingEvent IronOre Camisole MeasuredQuantity BackwardMotion Infant nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb26788 Subtle DeflectingaWave Indirect Tulip Hectare CoolAndOuttasight nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb34183 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30034 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15493 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb600 MahoganyTree Lofty GroupPractice WaltzMusic CalmingAnInfant YomKippur Bedridden nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30284 WildlifeRefuge Interstate Comatose nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb30565 Snitching Exact Postnatal Ornithologist Panther nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32464 TrafficCongestion Snapping Pizzeria BeingTiredOfSomething Disobedient nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb15203 ExtractingBySteeping AdmiringEvent SwingingOnASwing FullNameString Apostrophe EmittingAWave Design DiscussionForum Sliding RidingaHorse Propounding GarbageCan Blackening nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb20103 Absently IntentionalForgetting Tendency Republican HairLikeSubstance EightPackOfChocolateBars Striker InteriorDecorator ShowerStall Guarded Monster Bowler Diltiazem Predatory Squadron-MilitaryEchelon nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb25641 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb32994 Kerchief Convex TransplantingaBodyOrgan Narrow-minded ExpellingFromMembership DentalAppliance BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance Vigilante ShortageOfFood Pepper Coated BasicInformation Theme ExpeditionaryGroup Waterproofing RedObject ExitingSomething Nonconductive Planetarium Initiative Contemplation Snatching Turnip Accomplished Festooning Greeting ModelngAnObject Miserable nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb3925 nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb19941 WaterSoluble Galloping Glitch UniqueInaContext Systematic Philanthropist Comparison Unbending Happily Sled CompulsiveBehavior Gecko Dissolving ApplyingStuffToTheSkin Wedge FuelObject Croatian Dyke AmbientAirObject Repudiating Bushel nd9a5c96ba2f5438da731bb21d9e6078bb28350 DietaryDeficiencyCondition Publicizing Timer BathHouse Clack Laboratory Indecisive WakeOfaBoat Notoriously Probability DifferentialEquation Equation ChoreographedDancing FractionFrom0to1 Refueling CauseOfDeath Digit-AnatomicalPart Cordiality Impudent MissingPerson Gosh Deodorant AttributeValue Freezing ProcessedNaturalSubstance Doorbell UFO ParisianPerson Invariable Phosphorus SchoolFacility

Thing^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing`
Sub-classes	Organization^c SituationProcessEventOrState^c Account^c Role^c Group^c GenericLocation^c TemporalLocation^c Person^c
In domain of	isInList^op isaPartOf^op holdsInTimeInterval^op isaProperPartOf^op
In range of	hadAddedObject^op hadThingTransferred^op inContext^op hasPlaceOfOrigin^op isTheMajorityOf^op hasThingSkipped^op hadObjectPursued^op hasProperPart^op hadThingAffected^op hasThingSought^op hasDirectObject^op agentLacks^op hasPart^op hasThingShared^op
Members	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#RangeOfValues http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MaximumValue http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#MinimumValue

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SecondFn`
Description	A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and a subclass of Minutes to the Seconds within each Minute corresponding to that PositiveRealNumber. For example, (SecondFn 4 (MinuteFn 5 Hour)) is the Class of all fourth Seconds of every fifth Minute of every hour. For another example, (SecondFn 8 Minute) would return the eighth second of every minute. For still another example, (SecondFn 9 (MinuteFn 15 (HourFn 14 (DayFn 18 (MonthFn 8 (YearFn 1912)))))) denotes 9 seconds and 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.
Domain(s)	PositiveRealNumber^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ableToAffect`
Description	This is expanded in domain and range from the CYC usage. In CYC this is mostly for the abilities of 'agents', but an 'Agent' is interpreted broadly in COSMO, so the domain includes ''PhysicalObject''s and their types. This also includes situations (such as contexts or environment or ''DeviceMode''s that can affect the potential for Events or Actions to occur or affect how they proceed (in general all 'situations' affect what can be done in that situation, and saying this explcitly is not useful. But some situations are controllable by people and the things that change when the controllable situations are changed - such as a ''DeviceMode'' - can be useful to describe explicitly. The inverse of this ''mayBeAffectedBy'' is used at ''DeviceMode''. NOTE: in CYC there is a subproprrty 'ableToControl' that might be useful for describing the relationship between a owner and the things s/he owns. CYC: '(#$ableToAffect AGENT THING)'; means that AGENT is capable of causing some change in THING. This does not imply that AGENT ever actually does cause any change in THING, but that THING is within AGENT's 'zone of influence'. For instance, I am able to affect the ceiling panel above my head, even though I've never done anything to it. In contrast, I cannot affect the moon. This is an inherently vague notion, since one's ability to influence objects tends to diminish as they grow larger - or smaller - and farther away. However, it's an important common sense concept, since we must learn what we can and cannot affect in order to understand our capabilities and limitations and plan actions accordingly. To influence people by persuasion is to be 'Influential'. or to have 'Influence' No exact match in WordNet - related concepts are 'influence' and 'affect'. To be ableToAffect (something) is to be able to perform 'AffectingSomething' or to have 'Influence' - WN 'noun 'influence': in WordNet: 1. (27) influence - (a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc; 'used her parents' influence to get the job') WN verb 'influence': 1. (20) influence, act upon, work - (have and exert influence or effect; 'The artist's work influenced the young painter'; 'She worked on her friends to support the political candidate') WN verb 'affect': 1. (51) affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch - (have an effect upon; 'Will the new rules affect me?') 2. (11) affect - (act physically on; have an effect upon)
Inverse properties	mayBeAffectedBy^op
Domain(s)	(GenericAgent^c or IntentionalAgent^c or IntelligentAgent^c or LegalAgent^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or FictionalCharacter^c or Event^c or EventType^c or ProcessType^c)

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#above-Indirectly`
Description	COSMO note: subject is not directly above object, but close to it, not just at a higher altitude. `(#$above-Indirectly UPPER LOWER) means that upper is generally above [#$isAbove] LOWER, but not directly above [#$isDirectlyAbove] it.`
Super-properties	isAbove^op
Domain(s)	PhysicalObject^c
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalObject^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#acceleratesOrShortens`
Description	''acceleratesOrShortens'' relates an Object, Substance,or resource to some Event whose rate is accelerated, or (equivalently) whose total time to completion is reduced. A simple example is that stirring a mixture accelerates mixing of the materials in the mixture. `This can be used to describe the effect of a catalyst or of any other entity that helps speed up an event.`
Super-properties	allowsOrAssists^op
Inverse properties	isAcceleratedBy^op
Domain(s)	(Resource^c or Event^c or EventType^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalObject^c or SubstanceType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Event http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalProcess http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessType

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#agentLacks`
Description	''agentLacks'' is used to relate Events or States that entail the lack of something to the thing lacked. The lacked thing can be of any type.
Inverse properties	isLackedByAgentOfEvent^op
Domain(s)	(EventType^c or LackingSomething^c)
Range(s)	owl:Thing^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#agentMayCauseState`
Description	NOTE: this relation is unused as of rev1577. It can be replaced by the simple 'caused' or various other relations such as 'inducedAgentToAction' Review and delete if no difference is found. The relation 'MayCause' specifies that some Agent or AgentType performed or performs or often performs some Action that resulted in a change in something; the object of the relation is the final state, or a Difference: the thing changed can be of any type (object, process, procedure, document, attribute), and that thing must be included in the final State as the . This is very broad, and represents the concept that is represented in some uses of the verb 'make': 'made it better'; 'made her happy'; 'made the room ready for a meeting'. This differs from most uses of the term 'cause' in relations in COSMO in that the subject of the relation is not an Event that results in something happening, but the subject is an agent whose action results in something happening. The object is also different from most 'cause' relations, in that it is not necessarily another Event, but can be an attribute ('made it shorter by cutting off a part'). @ToDo: the relation between an agent whose action causes some change, and the Action that causes the change, and this relation that in effect conflates those two relations, must be represented by rules in the FOL version. A full table of 'cause' relations is needed to make their relations clear. @ToDo NOTE: to 'prepare' something is to cause that something to be Ready. this relation may need FOL rules. If P 'prepare' O, then P NOTE: usage of 'make' in this sense is inherently ternary (A caused O to be P), and is represented in this binary relation by including the object changed and its final state in a PersistentState, or Difference. Includes verb sense 2 and part of sense 4 of 'make' and part of sense 2 of 'cause' in WordNet; the part of sense 4 of 'make' that represents change due to an Event rather than an Object is represented by other 'cause' relations, such as 'caused', 'causesMentalEventType', 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation', 'improves': NOTE the sense of 'make' in the WordNet example 'This invention will make you a millionaire' (similar to 'will make you rich') is best represented by specifing both the act of invention and the state of being owner of the invention (i.e. the patent), both of which are represented by 'caused', in this manner (the specific act and state are not in COSMO): {TheInventionAct caused TheStateOfBeingaMillionaire} WN verb 'make' in WordNet: 2. (459) make, get - (give certain properties to something; 'get someone mad'; 'She made us look silly'; 'He made a fool of himself at the meeting'; 'Don't make this into a big deal'; 'This invention will make you a millionaire'; 'Make yourself clear') 4. (85) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa')
Domain(s)	(IntentionalAgent^c or AgentType^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PersistentState http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#FunctionalProcess http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Difference http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventType

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#allowsOrAssists`
Description	'allowsOrAssists' is a broad relation relating an Event (including static situations) or Resource (something useful) to the Events or Actions action(s) that are allowed to happen or assisted in happening because of the occurrence of the Event or the availability of the Resource. This relation answers the questions (in the case of Events) 'how was that able to happen' (and in the case of Resources) 'what is it good for?'. This relation includes both instrumentality and enabling factors. The enabling factors are more specifically represented by the subrelation 'allowed' for enabling conditions and instrumentality by subrelations 'enablesOrAssists' and ''isUsedAsInstrumentInAction''. these last two relations can be used to point from a type of tool or instrument to the actions that the instrument is designed to be used in.
Inverse properties	wasAssistedBy^op
Domain(s)	(Event^c or EventType^c or Resource^c or ResourceType^c or Right^c or RightType^c or Feature^c or DeviceType^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or Object^c or ObjectType^c or Device^c or UsefulThing^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c or Action^c or ActionType^c or Group^c or Role^c or RoleType^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Event http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalProcess http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Goal http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoalSituation http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GoalType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#NeedMicrotheory

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#alwaysCauses`
Description	alwaysCauses specifies that one EventType inevitably has as a result some other EventType. This is primarily used for conceptual relations, like 'killing causes death'. In the physical world, there are many event types that usually result in some other EventType, but not always - for that relation use 'causes'. `To specify that an instance of an Event was caused by another instance of an Event, use 'hadEffect'. The domain of this relation includes instances of 'Event' to allow inheritance of the relation in the OWL format. NOTE that some Event that always causes another is not necessarily itself always the cause of that second Event - something else may also cause the second Event. To express the inverse, use 'isCausedBy'`
Super-properties	causes^op
Domain(s)	(EventType^c or Event^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Event http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#WaveType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Wave http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ProcessType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalProcess http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeValueChange http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Difference http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DifferenceType

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#alwaysFollows`
Description	'typicallyFollows' can be used to specify default Event (or type) that usually precede the subject Event. See also 'occurredEarlierThan'.
Super-properties	typicallyFollows^op
Inverse properties	isAlwaysFollowedBy^op
Domain(s)	(TemporalThing^c or TimeIntervalType^c or Event^c or EventType^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemporalThing http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeIntervalType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Event http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventType

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#appearsToBe`
Description	'appearsToBe' relates a first Object or situation Attribute to some second ObjectType, EventType, or instance of Object, where the first thing presents a visual appearance of being the second thing. This can be used very generally to represent the notion expressed as 'it appears as though' or 'that appears to be'. For the more specific case where some PhysicalObject has a close resemblance in form to some Object or ObjectType, use 'resembles'.
Domain(s)	(Object^c or Event^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Object http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Event http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventType

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#appliesInJurisdiction`
Description	'appliesInJurisdiction' relates a 'Law' or 'LegalSystem' to some legal 'Jurisdiction' (a ''GeographicalRegion'') within which the Law is valid and can be enforced. `Ambiguity can occur outside of recognized national boundaries.`
Super-properties	holdsAtLocation^op
Domain(s)	(Law^c or LegalSystem^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Jurisdiction^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#areAlikeWRT`
Description	'areAlikeWRT' ('are alike with respect to') is a property pointing from a Group to a ''AttributeGroup'' (a Group of AttributeValues). that are sufficiently similar for more than one person to think that they are 'alike'. Linguistically this can be expressed by saying that each of the individuals in the group 'is like' the other - in a pairwise comparison. To be 'alike' two entities can have more than one Attribute in which they are similar. IF only one,that Attribute (Type, Value) can be used; if ore than one an instance of ''AttributeGroup'' can be used of created ad hoc. Linguistically, this relation corresponds to an assertion such as 'X is like Y in its (attributes)' Parts of this sense are labeled by WN adjective sense 1 of 'alike' and adj sense 1 and 3 of 'like' amd adj senses 1, 2, and3 of 'similar': in Wordnet: 1. (2) alike, similar, like - (having the same or similar characteristics; 'all politicians are alike'; 'they looked utterly alike'; 'friends are generally alike in background and taste') WN adjective 'like': 1. (30) like, similar - (resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; 'suits of like design'; 'a limited circle of like minds'; 'members of the cat family have like dispositions'; 'as like as two peas in a pod'; 'doglike devotion'; 'a dreamlike quality') WN adjective 'similar': 1. (65) similar - (marked by correspondence or resemblance; 'similar food at similar prices'; 'problems similar to mine'; 'they wore similar coats')
Domain(s)	Group^c
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeGroup^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#areCitizensOf`
Description	'areCitizensOf' is a specialized relation that relates each instance off 'Citizenry' to the GeopoliticalEntity of which they are Citzens..
Domain(s)	Citizenry^c
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeopoliticalEntity^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#areOfTheSameType`
Description	'areOfTheSameType' is a specialization of 'areAlikeWRT' pointing from a Group to Some Type that they both belong to. This relation can be inferred from individual assertions that two or more entitities are of a certain type, but there may be occasions to assert in one statement that some predefined group of entities are all of a particular type, and that can be automatically converted into individual type assertions for each element of the Group. Linguistically, this relation may be used to answer a question such as 'what sort of things are in that container?' answer: 'they areOfTheSameType T'. This relation is close in meaning to 'areAlikeWRT', but the similarity is a belonging to the same type, which is not formally an AttributeValue; so this relation can not be formally specified as a subtype of any of those other relations. In fact, if having a particular set of attributes is equivalent to belonging to a type defined as having those attributes, then this relation may be a parent to the relation 'areAlikeWRT'. BUT the phrases 'are of the same type' and 'are similar' are not usually used in such a related sense, and @ToDo this issue of subproperty has not yet (v0.52) been resolved..
Domain(s)	Group^c
Range(s)	owl:Class^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#areSeparatedBy`
Description	areSeparatedBy relates two or more Objects to another Object which is between and touching the subject objects. This is one specialized meaning of 'between';it is used only for those cases where it is also appropriate to say 'X and Y are separated by Z'. This means that X and Y do not touch each other, but each touches Z, and there is a direct line from some part of X to some part of Y that passes through Z. For two buildings that are directly across a street from one another such that one could say 'A is across Main Street from B', this relation can be used, with A and B being the elements of the Pair, thus: {AandB areSeparatedBy MainStreet}, equivalent to: {MainStreet isBetween AandB}. `The notion of being between two things on a path is ternary or quaternary, and more complicated to represent in OWL. NOTE that the inverse 'isBetween' used by itself does not imply a 'touching' relation between two things, but if combined with a 'connects' relation between the same two things, the 'touching' of the two things to each other can be inferred. NOTE: See also ''OppositeThing'' for a related Entity.`
Inverse properties	isBetween^op
Domain(s)	(Pair^c or Group^c or PairType^c or GroupType^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeInterval http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Object http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GenericLocation http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#LocationType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeInterval http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#OneOrHigherDimensionalThing http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#spatio-temporal-particular

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#assertsAttributeOrType`
Description	'assertsAttributeOrType' relates an Adjective or ''CharacterizingSomething'' Action to an AttributeValue which is asserted when that adjective is applied to a type or instance; or to an attribute which is ascribed to something in a ''CharacterizingSomething'' Action. . For example, the adjective 'ENG_good' (i.e. the word 'good') applied in prefix position to a type will serve as a function that selects from that type those instances having the attribute 'Good'. But this can aso be inferred from the presence of the Wordnetlabel 'good' on the ''Good'' entry. `@ToDo: this is Used only with instances of words? Can one have word categories (metatypes) all of which assert a particular Attribute? Look for other words that Attribute 'good'?`
Domain(s)	(Adjective^c or CharacterizingSomething^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AttributeValueType http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#atTemperature`
Description	'atTemperature' relates something to the temperature at which it applies (is true); the 'something' can be a broad range of properties or situations, for example the physical properties of objects or substances. The domain has not yet (rev953 ) been restricted. See its use in 'SolubilityValue'.
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TemperatureMeasure^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#atTime`
Description	'atTime' is used to specify the time (or TimeInterval) at which an assertion is true. Because of the basic triple structure of OWL, this is used in specially constructed values for the object of a triple; this structures may be SubClasses or instances of 'Group' that serve to represent the various elements of what would in FOL be a multiple-arity relation. See 'AgeAtDate' for one example of use. Another way to use this relation is, for any given attribute value, to create a specific attribute value that uses this relation to specify the time at which that attribute applies.
Domain(s)	Group^c
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DateTimeExtendedGroup http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TimeInterval

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#bearsFlowerType`
Inverse properties	isTheFruitOfa^op

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#beginsWithString`
Description	beginsWithString relates an AbstractString to another AbstractString that is a substring identical with one of the substrings that beings the parent string. There are as many values for this relation as there are characters in the parent string. Thus for the string 'cat' the values of this relation will be the strings 'c', 'ca', and 'cat'.
Super-properties	isaSubstringOf^op
Inverse properties	beginsString^op
Domain(s)	AbstractString^c
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractString^c

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Table of Contents

Overview

Classes ↑

ABCsc # Classes

ACouplec # Classes

AIDSc # Classes

ALittleWhilec # Classes

ATMMachinec # Classes

Aahc # Classes

Abackc # Classes

Abandonedc # Classes

AbandonedObjectc # Classes

AbandonedPersonc # Classes

AbandonedShipc # Classes

Abandoningc # Classes

Abashedc # Classes

AbatingActionc # Classes

Abbeyc # Classes

Abbreviatedc # Classes

Abbreviatingc # Classes

Abbreviationc # Classes

Abdicationc # Classes

Abdominalc # Classes

AbdominalSurgeonc # Classes

AbdominalSurgeryc # Classes

Abductionc # Classes

AbductorMusclec # Classes

Aberrationc # Classes

AbettingaCrimec # Classes

Abeyancec # Classes

Abhorrencec # Classes

Abhorringc # Classes

Abilityc # Classes

AbilityToCauseDamagec # Classes

AbilityToChoosec # Classes

AbilityToCoolc # Classes

AbilityToDancec # Classes

AbilityToDanceTheWaltzc # Classes

AbilityToDissolveSubstancec # Classes

AbilityToDoArithmeticc # Classes

AbilityToInfluencePeoplec # Classes

AbilityToLipreadc # Classes

AbilityToPerceivec # Classes

AbilityToPerformMagicc # Classes

AbilityToRememberc # Classes

AbilityToSpeakEnglishc # Classes

AbilityToSpeakaLanguagec # Classes

AbilityToSwimc # Classes

Ablationc # Classes

Ablec # Classes

AbleBodiedSeamanc # Classes

AbleToSpeakaLanguagec # Classes

Ableismc # Classes

Abnormalc # Classes

AbnormalAnatomicalStructurec # Classes

AbnormalBodyConditionc # Classes

AbnormalConditionc # Classes

AbnormalOrganismc # Classes

Aboardc # Classes

Abolishedc # Classes

Abolishingc # Classes

Abominablec # Classes

Aboriginalc # Classes

Aboriginec # Classes

AbortingaAnActionc # Classes

Abortionc # Classes

Aboundingc # Classes

AboveGroundLevelc # Classes

AbradingSomethingc # Classes

AbradingaSurfacec # Classes

Abrasivec # Classes

AbrasiveMaterialc # Classes

Abridgedc # Classes

Abridgingc # Classes

Abridgmentc # Classes

Abroadc # Classes

Absencec # Classes

ABCs^c # Classes

ACouple^c # Classes

AIDS^c # Classes

ALittleWhile^c # Classes

ATMMachine^c # Classes

Aah^c # Classes

Aback^c # Classes

Abandoned^c # Classes

AbandonedObject^c # Classes

AbandonedPerson^c # Classes

AbandonedShip^c # Classes

Abandoning^c # Classes

Abashed^c # Classes

AbatingAction^c # Classes

Abbey^c # Classes

Abbreviated^c # Classes

Abbreviating^c # Classes

Abbreviation^c # Classes

Abdication^c # Classes

Abdominal^c # Classes

AbdominalSurgeon^c # Classes

AbdominalSurgery^c # Classes

Abduction^c # Classes

AbductorMuscle^c # Classes

Aberration^c # Classes

AbettingaCrime^c # Classes

Abeyance^c # Classes

Abhorrence^c # Classes

Abhorring^c # Classes

Ability^c # Classes

AbilityToCauseDamage^c # Classes

AbilityToChoose^c # Classes

AbilityToCool^c # Classes

AbilityToDance^c # Classes

AbilityToDanceTheWaltz^c # Classes

AbilityToDissolveSubstance^c # Classes

AbilityToDoArithmetic^c # Classes

AbilityToInfluencePeople^c # Classes

AbilityToLipread^c # Classes

AbilityToPerceive^c # Classes

AbilityToPerformMagic^c # Classes

AbilityToRemember^c # Classes

AbilityToSpeakEnglish^c # Classes

AbilityToSpeakaLanguage^c # Classes

AbilityToSwim^c # Classes

Ablation^c # Classes

Able^c # Classes

AbleBodiedSeaman^c # Classes

AbleToSpeakaLanguage^c # Classes

Ableism^c # Classes

Abnormal^c # Classes

AbnormalAnatomicalStructure^c # Classes

AbnormalBodyCondition^c # Classes

AbnormalCondition^c # Classes

AbnormalOrganism^c # Classes

Aboard^c # Classes

Abolished^c # Classes

Abolishing^c # Classes

Abominable^c # Classes

Aboriginal^c # Classes

Aborigine^c # Classes

AbortingaAnAction^c # Classes

Abortion^c # Classes

Abounding^c # Classes

AboveGroundLevel^c # Classes

AbradingSomething^c # Classes

AbradingaSurface^c # Classes

Abrasive^c # Classes

AbrasiveMaterial^c # Classes

Abridged^c # Classes

Abridging^c # Classes

Abridgment^c # Classes

Abroad^c # Classes

Absence^c # Classes

Absent^c # Classes

AbsentMinded^c # Classes

Absentee^c # Classes

Absenteeism^c # Classes

Absently^c # Classes

Absinthe^c # Classes

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#beginsWithSubstring`
Description	specifies that a particular AbstractString begins with another abstractString, which must be shorter or of equal length. This is the analog of one of the methods on a Java String. In COSMO, certain CodeStrings may have a specific prefix, such as 'DTEG' for a DateTimeExtendedGroup; this relation can be used to enforce that requirement, if the ontology can reference procedural methods that can manipulate strings.
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#AbstractString^c

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canAssumeTheShapeOfa`
Description	''canAssumeTheShapeOfa'' relates the alternative shapes of Objects that can be transformed from one shape to other shape. (think 'transformer' toys). `This is specialized to allow relating artifact objects designed to have alternative or multiple shapes to the various shapes it can assume.`
Inverse properties	isaPossibleShapeFor^op
Domain(s)	(ObjectType^c or Object^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Object http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GeometricFigure

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf`
Description	Points to the type of Thing that may have this AttributeValue. In using this relation, be sure that thething pointed to is the only kind of thing that can have this attribute value. This is used to clarify the meaning of certain qualitative relations.
Domain(s)	(AttributeValueType^c or AttributeTypeType^c or Attribute^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#EventType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#GroupType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalFeatureType

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canBeConnectedWith`
Description	The inverse of 'isDesignedToConnect' - relates an ''ObjectGroup'' to some type of ''Connector'' that can or could be used (among other things) to connect those object together physically.
Inverse properties	isDesignedToConnect^op

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canBeConvertedInto`
Inverse properties	isPreparedFromSubstance^op

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canBeFacilitatedBy`
Description	'canBeFacilitatedBy' relates an instrument (0bject or subsatance) intentionally used or participating in a natural Event, to the Event in which it was used or participated; but NOTE that 'facilitated' and 'used' do not mean that the thing used was a 'Device': every acts of 'Detection' is facilitated by some type of 'Sensor', which can be biological (see 'Sensor' entry). `This is the inverse of 'wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent'. There may be more than one instrument used in an Event. To say that an Event was 'facilitated' does not require that the Event would not have been possible without the instrument; to make such an assertion of necessity, use the subproperty 'requiredInstrument'. NOTE that the 'instrument' need not be an artifact - in the act of 'Kissing' the instrument is the lips of the person doing the kissing.`
Super-properties	hasParticipant^op
Inverse properties	wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent^op
Domain(s)	(Action^c or ActionType^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#DeviceType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalObjectType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalObject http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Device http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#UsefulThing http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSubstance

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canBeKilledBy`
Inverse properties	canKill^op
Domain(s)	(OrganismType^c or Organism^c)

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canBeProcessedToProduce`
Super-properties	isaSourceOf^op
Inverse properties	isDerivedFrom^op
Domain(s)	(PhysicalObject^c or PhysicalObjectType^c or PhysicalSubstance^c or SubstanceType^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Object http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#PhysicalSubstance http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#SubstanceType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ObjectType

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canBeUsedInAction`
Description	'canBeUsedInAction' relates any 'Device', 'SubstanceType' 'DeviceType' or 'UsefulThing' to some Action or ActionType in which it could be useful,but may not be and may be used elsewhere.
Domain(s)	(DeviceType^c or ObjectType^c or SubstanceType^c or Object^c or Device^c or UsefulThing^c or PhysicalSubstance^c)
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#ActionType http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Action http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#TopicType

URI	`http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#canBeVerifiedBy`
Description	'canBeVerifiedBy' points from an Assertion to some Procedure that can verify the Assertion; this relation supports the ability to understand meanings of assertions by 'Procedural Semantics', the ability to demonstrate understanding by verifying the truth or falsity of an Assertion.
Domain(s)	Assertion^c
Range(s)	http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#Procedure^c